bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic life analysis of vital components considering multistage degradation under variable working conditions
Authors: Fang Jun , Wei Xing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe lifespan of a mechanical product is related to its working conditions; the product's performance typically shows a multistage degradation pattern throughout its life profile. The performance degradation is generally researched under constant test conditions, while the effects of different working conditions on life are seldom considered. This paper proposes a staged recursive derivation method for the multistage degradation under variable working conditions. The proposed method works by merging measured degradation data with an empirical degradation model. The measured degradation data of a new prototype are utilized to update the staged degradation model based on a Bayesian posterior probability analysis. The staged degradation model is derived stage by stage, and then the probabilistic life of the new prototype is predicted. The degradation data of a machine‐gun barrel are used as a case study to demonstrate and validate the proposed method. The results show that the probabilistic life of the test prototype can be predicted effectively in the case of relatively little measured degradation data at the product development stage. Furthermore, the proposed method appears to be especially suited to mechanical components requiring short test periods or low test costs.
Introducing robotic radical hysterectomy for stage 1bi cervical cancer—A prospective evaluation of clinical and economic outcomes in a single UK institution
Authors: Ind Thomas E.J. , Marshall Chris , Kasius Jenneke , Butler John , Barton Desmond , Nobbenhuis Marielle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe have assessed the impact of introducing robotics for a stage 1b cervical cancer service on laparotomy rates, complications, and costs.MethodsData were collected prospectively from 90 consecutive patients who had a radical hysterectomy between 1 April 2010 and 31 December 2017.ResultsThere were 37 women before the first robotic procedure and 53 after. The laparotomy rate reduced from 75% (9/12) in 2010 to 0% (0/18) in 2017. The length of stay reduced from 6 days (range 3‐39) to 3 days (range 1‐15) (P < 0.0001). The complication rate before robotics was 68% (25/37) compared with 45% (24/53) afterwards (P = 0.0493). The blood transfusion rate reduced from 43% (16/37) to 11% (6/53) (P = 0.0007). There were no differences between the total costs before and after the introduction of robotics or between each route.ConclusionsIn this series, introducing robotics for cervical carcinoma reduced hospital stay and complications. No cost differences were demonstrated.
The liability of opaqueness: State ownership and the likelihood of deal completion in international acquisitions by Chinese firms
Authors: Li Jiatao , Li Peixin , Wang Baolian 
Published: November 2018

Research SummaryState‐owned enterprises (SOEs) are often more opaque than other types of firms. This opaqueness tends to generate resistance when SOEs undertake cross‐border acquisitions. Opaqueness can also aggravate concerns about an SOE's semipolitical nature and its susceptibility to agency problems, making gaining legitimacy harder. Data on attempted foreign acquisitions by Chinese firms were analyzed to compare the likelihood of deal completion between SOEs and firms with other forms of ownership. The SOEs' completion rate was 14% lower than that of other firms. Their disadvantage was shown to be alleviated when they could provide credible signals by being publicly listed (though only on an exchange in a well‐developed economy or by hiring reputable auditors). We also find that the disadvantage of SOEs was partially mediated by their opaqueness.Managerial SummaryOpaqueness, or lack of transparency, is critical in many business transactions. In this article, we argue that the concept of opaqueness can help us understand why SOEs tend to have a lower likelihood of deal completion in cross‐border acquisitions. Our evidence suggests that opaqueness influences the relationship between state ownership and deal completion, and firms can improve their chance of success in cross‐border acquisitions by providing credible information, such as by listing on an exchange in a developed market or hiring a reputable auditor. These help mitigate the hazard of opaqueness.
Development of a Standardized Molecular Tool and Estimation of Genetic Measures for Responsible Aquaculture‐Based Fisheries Enhancement of American Shad in North and South Carolina
Authors: Cushman Elizabeth L. , Evans Heather K. , Moyer Gregory R. , Raley Morgan E. , Williams Ashantye S. , Darden Tanya L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs pressure from anthropomorphic stressors continues to negatively affect the abundance of wild fish populations, aquaculture‐based fisheries enhancement (i.e., sea ranching, stock enhancement, restocking) is being used increasingly as a management option to augment and restore wild stocks. However, as supplementation with cultured individuals may have unintended impacts on the genetic fitness of a target species, emphasis is placed on scientifically based protocols for fisheries enhancement, which involves continuous observation of genetic measures within and among populations. American Shad Alosa sapidissima, which had once‐abundant spawning runs that experienced major declines throughout the early 20th century, are currently stocked in several rivers in North Carolina and South Carolina. A set of eight microsatellite markers was compiled and standardized to allow for the long‐term monitoring of genetic measures between rivers as hatchery‐based initiatives with multistate collaborators continue. Data sets from multiple spawning runs of American Shad within North and South Carolina compared using this standardized marker suite exhibited relatively high levels of genetic diversity, low inbreeding, and large effective population sizes. Furthermore, although migration is likely occurring between rivers, significant differences exist between some spawning runs. These estimates of genetic diversity and differentiation are comparable with analogous studies of American Shad, which demonstrate that these markers will be valuable for fisheries research, and the novel estimates of effective population size and bottleneck indices acquired in this study supply new information useful for management. Our results, along with future work, can be used for responsible aquaculture‐based fisheries enhancement of American Shad in North and South Carolina and can aid in the recovery efforts for this important species.
Equivalent linear model for fully self‐centering earthquake‐resisting systems
Authors: Rahgozar Navid , Rahgozar Nima , Moghadam Abdolreza S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryModern rocking and stepping cores have been known as the efficient self‐centering earthquake‐resisting systems (SC‐ERSs). The current article proposes an approximate equivalent linear (EL) model for rapid estimation of the SC‐ERS displacement. An equivalent damping ratio and effective stiffness are formulated for flag‐shaped hysteresis of a fully SC‐ERS. The approximate EL model is first established using secant stiffness and Jacobsen's damping model. Nonlinear response history analyses are carried out to compare exact and approximated peak displacements. Findings reveal that EL analysis of the SC‐ERS based on Jacobsen's damping leads to underestimation of the maximum inelastic displacement. Accordingly, a new optimal damping formula is proposed using a genetic algorithm and nonlinear regression analyses. The improved EL model is validated by practical examples, and the results show acceptable accuracy in design‐level displacement estimation.
Analysis of outrigger‐braced reinforced concrete supertall buildings: Core‐supported and tube‐in‐tube lateral systems
Authors: Kafina Rabee , Sagaseta Juan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis study is primarily focused on the approximate analysis of reinforced concrete outriggers which are commonly used in the design and construction of supertall buildings subject to distributed horizontal loads. Existing global analysis formulae that provide preliminary results for lateral deflections and moments are reviewed for two lateral load resisting systems, namely, core‐supported‐with‐outrigger (CSOR) system and less frequent tube‐in‐tube‐with‐outrigger (TTOR) system. These formulae are only applicable for CSOR and neglect the reverse rotation of the outrigger actually suffered due to the propping action from the outer columns and give rather high predictions of the deflections compared with advanced numerical finite element (FE) models. An improved model is proposed which overcomes this issue and provides more consistent results to FE predictions. The same can also be extended to TTOR. Several case studies are investigated to verify the accuracy of the proposed methodologies. The global analysis is followed by the local analysis of reinforced concrete outrigger beams using strut‐and‐tie modelling and non‐linear FE analysis to obtain optimized reinforcement layouts (reduction of quantities of reinforcement). The results highlight the different challenges in detailing such structural members which are heavily loaded (high congestion of reinforcement), and the behaviour at failure can be brittle.
Dairy Consumption and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. , de Goede Janette 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurpose of ReviewDairy products contain both beneficial and harmful nutrients in relation to cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we provide the latest scientific evidence regarding the relationship between dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases by reviewing the literature and updating meta-analyses of observational studies.Recent FindingsWe updated our previous meta-analyses of cohort studies on type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke with nine studies and confirmed previous results. Total dairy and low-fat dairy (per 200 g/d) were inversely associated with a 3–4% lower risk of diabetes. Yogurt was non-linearly inversely associated with diabetes (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83–0.90 at 80 g/d). Total dairy and milk were not associated with CHD (RR~1.0). An increment of 200 g of daily milk intake was associated with an 8% lower risk of stroke.SummaryThe latest scientific evidence confirmed neutral or beneficial associations between dairy products and risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Mitigating Choice Overload: An Experiment in the U.S. Beer Market
Authors: Malone Trey , Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study tests the prevalence of choice overload (CO) in the U.S. beer market. We reveal that even if CO exists, sellers have mechanisms to reduce CO's negative consequences. The article describes the implementation of search cost-reducing private nudges (i.e., product quality scores and prominently listed specials) sellers commonly utilize to minimize CO's negative consequences. Our results suggest that, while CO exists for some buyers, it can be eliminated by market interactions on the part of the seller. (JEL Classifications: C93, D03, Q13)
The factors associated with food fussiness in Irish school-aged children
Authors: Rahill Stephanie , Kennedy Aileen , Walton Janette , McNulty Breige A , Kearney John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the factors that determine food fussiness, to explore if child age determines the extent to which these factors influence food fussiness and to identify whether parental neophobia is an independent determinant of food fussiness.DesignCross-sectional data from the National Children’s Food Survey (2003–2004). The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) assessed eating behaviours in children. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) assessed parental food neophobia. Young children were classified as 5–8 years old with older children classified as 9–12 years old.SettingRepublic of Ireland.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Irish children aged 5–12 years (n594).ResultsParents identifying child’s food preferences as a barrier to providing their child with a healthy diet was significantly associated with increased food fussiness in younger (P<0·001) and older children (P<0·001). Higher levels of parental neophobia were significantly associated with an increase in food fussiness in younger (P<0·05) and older (P<0·001) children. Food advertising as a barrier to providing a healthy diet was inversely associated with food fussiness in younger children (P<0·05). In older children, there was a significant inverse association between child’s BMI and food fussiness (P<0·05), but not to the extent that a difference in weight status was noted. Family mealtimes in older children were associated with significantly lower levels of food fussiness (P<0·05).ConclusionsFindings from the present study identify that a child’s age does determine the extent to which certain factors influence food fussiness and that parental neophobia is an independent determinant of food fussiness.
Nutritional status and related factors of schoolchildren in Çorum, Turkey
Authors: Comba Atakan , Demir Emre , Barış Eren Nadiye 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine nutritional status and related factors among schoolchildren in Çorum, Central Anatolia, Turkey.DesignSchoolchildren’s height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and BMIZ-scores. Height, weight and BMIZ-scores were analysed and nutritional status classified according to the WHO.SettingCentral Anatolia, Turkey.ParticipantsSchoolchildren aged 5–17 years (n1684) participated in study.ResultsOf children, 4·2% were stunted, 6·9% thin, 13·8% overweight and 6·6% were obese. Proportions of stunting, thinness and overweight/obesity were significantly higher in children aged >10 years (78·6, 75·0 and 64·9%, respectively) than in those aged ≤10 years (21·4, 25·0 and 35·1%, respectively; allP<0·001). Median (range) birth weight and breast-feeding duration in children with stunting (2750 (1400–3600)g; 10 (0–36) months) were significantly lower and shorter, respectively, than those of normal height (3200 (750–5500)g; 15 (0–72) months) and tall children (3500 (2500–4900)g; 18 (0–36) months;P<0·001, <0·001, 0·011 and 0·016, respectively). The same relationship was observed in thin children (3000 (1000–4500)g; 12 (0–36) months) compared with normal-weight (3200 (750–5500)g; 15 (0–72) months) and overweight/obese children (3300 (1200–5500)g; 16 (0–48) months;P=0·026, <0·001, 0·045 and 0·011, respectively).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are health problems that must be addressed in schoolchildren. Adolescents also have a risk of double malnutrition. Promoting normal birth weight and encouraging long duration of breast-feeding are important to support normal growth in children.
Automated Detection of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions Using Satellite‐Derived Cloud Vertical Growth Rates
Authors: Pavolonis Michael J. , Sieglaff Justin , Cintineo John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAsh rich clouds, produced by explosive volcanic eruptions, are a major hazard to aviation. Unfortunately, explosive volcanic eruptions are not always detected in a timely manner in satellite data. The large optical depth of emergent volcanic clouds greatly limits the effectiveness of multispectral infrared‐based techniques for distinguishing between volcanic and nonvolcanic clouds. Shortwave radiation‐based techniques require sufficient sunlight and large amounts of volcanic ash, relative to hydrometeors, to be effective. Given these fundamental limitations, a new automated technique for detecting emergent clouds, produced by explosive volcanic eruptions, has been developed. The Cloud Growth Anomaly (CGA) technique utilizes geostationary satellite data to identify cloud objects, near volcanoes, that are growing rapidly in the vertical relative to clouds that formed through meteorological processes. Explosive volcanic events are shown to frequently be a source of rapidly developing clouds that, at a minimum, reach the upper troposphere. As such, the CGA algorithm is effective at determining when a recently formed cloud is possibly the result of an explosive eruptive event. While the CGA technique can be applied to any geostationary satellite sensor, it is most effective when applied to latest generation of meteorological satellites, which provide more frequent images with improved spatial resolution. Using a large collection of geographically diverse explosive eruptions, and several geostationary satellites, the CGA technique is described and demonstrated. A CGA‐based eruption alerting tool, which is designed to improve the timeliness of volcanic ash advisories, is also described.
Using Global and Regional Model Simulations to Understand Maritime Continent Wet‐Season Rainfall Variability
Authors: King Andrew D. , Vincent Claire L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Maritime Continent is a densely populated area of complex topography located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is an area where model skill is particularly important but also difficult to obtain. In this study we examine interannual austral summer rainfall variability in the region and the teleconnection to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observation‐based data, reanalyses, and global and regional atmosphere‐only model simulations. We show that model ability to capture interannual rainfall variability is strongly related to model skill in reproducing the ENSO teleconnection to the region, despite strong spatial variability in the ENSO‐rainfall response in coastal areas. Model ability in capturing the spatial pattern of both the midtropospheric moisture and circulation response to ENSO is a strong predictor for model performance in capturing the ENSO‐Maritime Continent rainfall teleconnection. High‐resolution regional simulations and better performing models have opposing ENSO‐rainfall teleconnections between land and sea areas.
Patterns in Mobility and Modification of Middle‐ and High‐Latitude Southern Hemisphere Dunes on Mars
Authors: Banks Maria E. , Fenton Lori K. , Bridges Nathan T. , Geissler Paul E. , Chojnacki Matthew , Runyon Kirby D. , Silvestro Simone , Zimbelman James R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChange detection analyses of aeolian bedforms (dunes and ripples), using multitemporal images acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), can reveal migration of bedforms on Mars. Here we investigated bedform mobility (evidence of wind‐driven migration or activity), from analysis of HiRISE temporal image pairs, and dune field modification (i.e., apparent presence/lack of changes or degradation due to nonaeolian processes) through use of a dune stability index or SI (1–6; higher numbers indicating increasing evidence of stability/modification). Combining mobility data and SI for 70 dune fields south of 40°S latitude, we observed a clear trend of decreasing bedform mobility with increasing SI and latitude. Both dunes and ripples were more commonly active at lower latitudes, although some high‐latitude ripples are migrating. Most dune fields with lower SIs (≤3) were found to be active while those with higher SIs were primarily found to be inactive. A shift in prevalence of active to apparently inactive bedforms and to dune fields with SI ≥ 2 occurs at ~60°S latitude, coincident with the edge of high concentrations of H2O‐equivalent hydrogen observed by the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. This result is consistent with previous studies suggesting that stabilizing agents, such as ground ice, likely stabilize bedforms and limit sediment availability. Observations of active dune fields with morphologies indicative of stability (i.e., migrating ripples in SI = 3 dune fields) may have implications for episodic phases of reworking or dune building, and possibly geologically recent activation or stabilization corresponding to shifts in climate.
Prevalence of Chronic Constipation and Chronic Diarrhea in Diabetic Individuals in the United States
Authors: Sommers Thomas , Mitsuhashi Shuji , Singh Prashant , Hirsch William , Katon Jesse , Ballou Sarah , Rangan Vikram , Cheng Vivian , Friedlander Daniel , Iturrino Johanna , Lembo Anthony , Nee Judy 
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION:
Diabetic individuals commonly report disordered bowel habits. This study aims to report the prevalence and associated factors of chronic diarrhea (CD) and chronic constipation (CC) in diabetics using a nationally representative sample of US adults.

METHODS:
Analyses were performed using data from subjects in the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset who completed the Bowel Health Questionnaire. The NHANES dataset provides medical comorbidities, demographics, and dietary habits of a nationally representative group of adult survey participants in the United States. CC and CD were defined by Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) Types 1 & 2 and BSFS Types 6 & 7 as the “usual or most common stool type,” respectively, and frequent laxative users were also defined as having CC. Co-variables for all subjects included demographic and lifestyle factors, and co-variables evaluated only in diabetics included treatment and severity markers for diabetes.

RESULTS:
We identified 661 diabetic subjects and 4488 non-diabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects (25.8%) reported disordered bowel habits. In unadjusted analysis, CD was more prevalent in diabetics than in non-diabetics (11.2% vs. 6.0%; p < 0.0001); however, the prevalence of CC was not significantly different between groups (14.6% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.126). When adjusting for covariates (e.g., BMI, gender, age, race/ethnicity, education level, etc.), diabetes itself remained associated with CD. Diabetic individuals with CD more frequently used drugs to lower blood sugar, and diabetic subjects with CC more frequently had poor kidney function.

CONCLUSIONS:
CD is significantly more prevalent in diabetics than in non-diabetics, whereas CC is not, and the association between CD and diabetes remains significant when adjusting for covariates. Use of medications that lower blood sugar is associated with CD in diabetic individuals, whereas poor kidney function is associated with CC in diabetics.