bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsational Pair-instability Supernovae in Very Close Binaries
Authors: Marchant Pablo , Renzo Mathieu , Farmer Robert , Pappas Kaliroe M. W. , Taam Ronald E. , de Mink Selma E. , Kalogera Vassiliki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pair-instability and pulsational pair-instability supernovae (PPISNe) have not been unambiguously observed so far. They are, however, promising candidates for the progenitors of the heaviest binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected. If these BBHs are the product of binary evolution, then PPISNe could occur in very close binaries. Motivated by this, we discuss the implications of a PPISN happening with a close binary companion and what impact these events have on the formation of merging BBHs through binary evolution. For this, we have computed a set of models of metal-poor (Z
⊙/10) single helium stars using the MESA software instrument. For PPISN progenitors with pre-pulse masses >50 M
⊙ we find that, after a pulse, heat deposited throughout the layers of the star that remain bound causes it to expand to more than 100 R
⊙ for periods of 102–104 yr depending on the mass of the progenitor. This results in long-lived phases of Roche lobe overflow or even common-envelope events if there is a close binary companion, leading to additional electromagnetic transients associated with PPISN eruptions. If we ignore the effect of these interactions, we find that mass loss from PPISNe reduces the final BH spin by ∼30%, induces eccentricities below the threshold of detectability of the LISA observatory, and can produce a double-peaked distribution of measured chirp masses in BBH mergers observed by ground-based detectors.
Frequent Loss of IRF2 in Cancers Leads to Immune Evasion through Decreased MHC Class I Antigen Presentation and Increased PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Kriegsman Barry A. , Vangala Pranitha , Chen Benjamin J. , Meraner Paul , Brass Abraham L. , Garber Manuel , Rock Kenneth L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To arise and progress, cancers need to evade immune elimination. Consequently, progressing tumors are often MHC class I (MHC-I) low and express immune inhibitory molecules, such as PD-L1, which allows them to avoid the main antitumor host defense, CD8+ T cells. The molecular mechanisms that led to these alterations were incompletely understood. In this study, we identify loss of the transcription factor IRF2 as a frequent underlying mechanism that leads to a tumor immune evasion phenotype in both humans and mice. We identified IRF2 in a CRISPR-based forward genetic screen for genes that controlled MHC-I Ag presentation in HeLa cells. We then found that many primary human cancers, including lung, colon, breast, prostate, and others, frequently downregulated IRF2. Although IRF2 is generally known as a transcriptional repressor, we found that it was a transcriptional activator of many key components of the MHC-I pathway, including immunoproteasomes, TAP, and ERAP1, whose transcriptional control was previously poorly understood. Upon loss of IRF2, cytosol-to–endoplasmic reticulum peptide transport and N-terminal peptide trimming become rate limiting for Ag presentation. In addition, we found that IRF2 is a repressor of PD-L1. Thus, by downregulating a single nonessential gene, tumors become harder to see (reduced Ag presentation), more inhibitory (increased checkpoint inhibitor), and less susceptible to being killed by CD8+ T cells. Importantly, we found that the loss of Ag presentation caused by IRF2 downregulation could be reversed by IFN-stimulated induction of the transcription factor IRF1. The implication of these findings for tumor progression and immunotherapy are discussed.
Validation, comparison, and integration of GOCI, AHI, MODIS, MISR, and VIIRS aerosol optical depth over East Asia during the 2016 KORUS-AQ campaign
Authors: Choi Myungje , Lim Hyunkwang , Kim Jhoon , Lee Seoyoung , Eck Thomas F. , Holben Brent N. , Garay Michael J. , Hyer Edward J. , Saide Pablo E. , Liu Hongqing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Recently launched multichannel geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite
sensors, such as the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) and the Advanced
Himawari Imager (AHI), provide aerosol products over East Asia with high
accuracy, which enables the monitoring of rapid diurnal variations and the
transboundary transport of aerosols. Most aerosol studies to date have used
low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite sensors, such as the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MISR), with a maximum of one or two overpass daylight
times per day from midlatitudes to low latitudes. Thus, the demand for new GEO
observations with high temporal resolution and improved accuracy has been
significant. In this study the latest versions of aerosol optical depth
(AOD) products from three LEO sensors – MODIS (Dark Target, Deep Blue, and
MAIAC), MISR, and the Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite
(VIIRS), along with two GEO sensors (GOCI and AHI), are validated,
compared, and integrated for a period during the Korea–United States Air
Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) field campaign from 1 May to 12 June 2016 over East
Asia. The AOD products analyzed here generally have high accuracy with high
R (0.84–0.93) and low RMSE (0.12–0.17), but their error characteristics differ
according to the use of several different surface-reflectance estimation
methods. High-accuracy near-real-time GOCI and AHI measurements facilitate
the detection of rapid AOD changes, such as smoke aerosol transport from
Russia to Japan on 18–21 May 2016, heavy pollution transport from China to
the Korean Peninsula on 25 May 2016, and local emission transport from the Seoul
Metropolitan Area to the Yellow Sea in South Korea on 5 June 2016. These
high-temporal-resolution GEO measurements result in more representative
daily AOD values and make a greater contribution to a combined daily AOD
product assembled by median value selection with a 0.5∘×0.5∘ grid resolution. The combined AOD is spatially continuous and has
a greater number of pixels with high accuracy (fraction within expected
error range of 0.61) than individual products. This study characterizes
aerosol measurements from LEO and GEO satellites currently in operation over
East Asia, and the results presented here can be used to evaluate satellite
measurement bias and air quality models.
Signatures of red-shifted foot points in the quiescent coronal loop system
Authors: Rao Yamini K. , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Kayshap Pradeep , Dwivedi Bhola N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. We observed quiescent coronal loops using multi-wavelength observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) on 13 April 2016. The flows at the foot points of such loop systems are studied using spectral data from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The Doppler velocity distributions at the foot points lying in the moss region show the negligible or small flows at the Ni I, Mg II k3, and C II line corresponding to upper photospheric and chromospheric emissions. Significant red shifts (downflows) ranging from 1 to 7 km s−1 are observed at Si IV (1393.78 Å; log⁡(T/K)=4.8), which is found to be consistent with the existing results regarding dynamical loop systems and moss regions. Such downflows agree well with the impulsive heating mechanism reported earlier.
Intonational phonology of Boro
Authors: Das Kalyan , Mahanta Shakuntala 
Published: August 2019

The pitch contour of an utterance in a tone language can surface with both tonal and intonational f0 features. In this paper we set out to analyze the intonational phonology of Boro, a tone language, and establish that there are three levels of prosodic constituents in Boro: Prosodic Word, ip and IP. Prosodic Word is the domain for distribution of lexical tones. Phonological processes show that the next higher level of prosodic structure is that of the intermediate phrase. Downstepping is within intermediate phrases (ip) and does not cross ips. The highest level of prosodic constituency is the IP which is marked by both initial and final boundary tones. This study shows that in Boro intonational phonology, boundary tones and their scaling and alignment in the context of their lexical tones is more important than assigning pitch accents.
Determining Specialties of the Jordanian Court of Cassation in Its Civil Capacity (According to Reality and the Law)
Authors: Shwarah Jalal Aead 
Published: August 2019

The main objective of this research is to address the issue determining specialties of the Jordanian court of cassation according to reality and the law.
To achieve this objective, the analytical comparative research design method is used depending on the legal legislations and the diligence of the Judiciary to remove ambiguity form them because of their importance and direct effect in determining specialty of court of cassation and to distinguish it from court of subject.
This research is divided into two subjects: The essence of reality and essence of the law.
The second topic has addressed specialty of court of cassation according to reality and the law, divided into two requirements: considering court of cassation as the upper Judicial body, and the second requirement about considering court of subject third degree of the Jurisdiction degrees.
The research reached the presence of contradictions making it difficult to determine and to set a specific standard and the decisive line between what is reality and what is law.
Based on the results, it is recommended the necessity for in-depth review and amendment of these two laws, setting independent legal texts for the civil trials principal law, organizing the Judges' authority technically to separate between reality and the law.
Het arrest Tjebbes: de evenredigheidstoets als complexe brug tussen nationaliteitswetgeving en Unieburgerschap
Authors: Van Elsuwege P. , Kroeze H.H.C. 
Published: August 2019

Het arrest Tjebbes: de evenredigheidstoets als complexe brug tussen nationaliteitswetgeving en Unieburgerschap
De zaak Tjebbes gaat over de verenigbaarheid van een Nederlandse regeling met het Unierecht op grond waarvan tien jaar verblijf in een derde land het van rechtswege verlies van het Nederlanderschap met zich meebrengt voor Nederlanders die nog een tweede nationaliteit hebben. De zaak is daarmee een vervolg op het arrest Rottmann, waarin het Hof van Justitie bepaalde dat intrekking van de nationaliteit van de lidstaten in overeenstemming moet zijn met het Europeesrechtelijke evenredigheidsbeginsel. In Tjebbes vraagt de Raad van State of die Europeesrechtelijke evenredigheidstoets met zich meebrengt dat de gevolgen in het individuele geval moeten worden getoetst, of dat het voldoende is dat er een evenredigheidstoets in abstracto in het beleid verdisconteerd is. Anders dan advocaat-generaal Mengozzi oordeelt het Hof van Justitie dat incidenteel een geconcretiseerde evenredigheidstoets plaats moet kunnen vinden, ‘vanuit het oogpunt van het Unierecht’, wat betekent dat het effect van het verlies van de nationaliteit op het beroeps- en gezinsleven van de betrokkene meegewogen moet worden. Deze bijdrage evalueert deze uitspraak vanuit het perspectief van de bevoegdheidsverdeling tussen de EU en de lidstaten. Daarnaast wordt ingegaan op de beperktheid van de Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets zoals die in dit arrest geformuleerd wordt en worden enkele mogelijke implicaties voor de rechtspraktijk besproken.HvJ 12 maart 2019, zaak C-221/17, Tjebbes e.a./Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, ECLI:EU:C:2019:189
Nieuwe hindoetempels in Nederland: een schets van lokale initiatieven en gemeentelijke reacties
Authors: Bakker Freek L. 
Published: August 2019

New Hindu Temples in the Netherlands: An Outline of Local Initiatives and the Reactions of the Local Governments
Currently the Netherlands count 44 Hindu temples. Most of them are arranged in converted school buildings, shops and other edifices not meant to be used as a Hindu house of worship. In 2000 the first purpose-built Hindu temple was constructed, and after that date five other purpose-built prayer houses of Hindu background were built. This article analyses the interaction between the initiators and the representatives of the local governments in the process between the first plans and the ultimate result. It will become clear that the various municipalities acted differently in the implementation of the national and local regulations concerning building religious prayer houses. The people initiating the construction of these buildings also operated variously.
De Nashville-verklaring: over Bijbelse seksualiteit en modern zelfbegrip
Authors: van Oenen Gijs 
Published: August 2019

The Dutch Nashville declaration: on biblical sexuality and modern self-understanding
The Nashville declaration, which espouses an orthodox Biblical view on sexuality, caused considerable public upheaval upon the publication of its Dutch translation, early 2019. This contribution investigates the declaration and the discussion it engendered from a point of view of political and legal philosophy, addressing the typically modern preoccupation with the relation between identity, subjectivity, and sexuality. This modern self-perception is unravelled from a philosophical perspective derived from Hegel and Foucault. Some conclusions are drawn regarding the paradoxical nature of both the Nashville declaration and the discussion it occasioned.
Afbakening van de godsdienstvrijheid in de context van sociale voorzieningen
Authors: Vleugel Jos 
Published: August 2019

Defining religious freedom in the context of social services
Invoking the fundamental social right to assistance does not prevent the CRvB from also applying the traditional fundamental right to freedom of religion. This approach is in line with the current case-law of the ECHR. This also applies to the more subjective explanation of religion used by the CRvB. This can be justified by the doctrine of interpretative restraint and the importance of self-definition. In the light of these principles, it is unclear why the CRvB makes a distinction in the level of protection of different religious expressions when weighing up interests in the context of article 9 ECHR
Structure and magnetic properties Zn0.96Cu0.01Ni0.03O nanoparticles
Authors: GÜLER Adil 
Published: August 2019

Zn0.96Cu0.01Ni0.03O nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel technique and
annealed under wide temperature range (450, 500, 550, 600, 700, 800, and
900 0C). To figure out the
possible structural phases X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used. The
lattice parameters were calculated by Rietveld analysis and correlated by
annealing temperatures. For the synthesized nanoparticles, the optimum
annealing temperatures were achieved at 450, 500, and 550 °C and further
annealing temperature increment gave rise to secondary NiO peaks. The Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM) images show random ball-shaped particle distribution.
Energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed only the peaks belong to the
composition. Magnetic measurements were performed using Quantum Design
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (QDVSM) tool for Zn0.96Cu0.01Ni0.03O nanosystems. From the DC magnetic field dependent
magnetization curves, clear paramagnetic behavior was revealed for all Cu-Ni
co-doped ZnO nanoparticles.
Staphylococcal superantigen‐like proteins interact with human MAP kinase signaling protein ERK2
Authors: Dutta Debabrata , Mukherjee Devdeep , Mukherjee Indranil Arun , Maiti Tapas Kumar , Basak Amit , Das Amit Kumar 
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to identify the intracellular binding partner of a unique class of staphylococcal secreted exotoxins called superantigen‐like proteins (SSL) from human macrophage and keratinocyte cell lysates. Here, we report that SSL1 specifically binds to human extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 (hERK2), an important stress‐activated kinase in mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Western blot and in vitro binding studies with recombinant hERK2 confirmed the binding interaction of SSL1, SSL7, and SSL10 with hERK2. Moreover, the SSLs‐hERK2 interaction was validated biochemically by ELISA. Our finding shows that SSLs play a novel role by binding with host cell MAP kinase signaling pathway protein. Understanding the SSL‐hERK2 interaction will also provide a basis for designing SSL‐based peptide inhibitors of hERK2 in cancer therapy.
Disorders with Synuclein Pathology and
P
arkinsonism
Authors: Kilarski Laura L , Zhang Wei , Morris Huw R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

A variety of neurodegenerative disorders are classified as synucleinopathies based on the presence of prominent α‐synuclein pathology. These diseases include Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (with neuronal Lewy body formation) and multiple system atrophy (with glial cytoplasmic inclusions). The normal function of α‐synuclein includes regulation of presynaptic vesicles. Autosomal dominant PD can be due to coding mutations or multiplications of the α‐synuclein gene (
SNCA
). The coding mutations are thought to lead to a gain of function, in particular acceleration of the formation of protofibrils. Duplications and triplications of
SNCA
lead to autosomal dominant PD with a gene dosage effect on age of onset and clinical severity. Variants in the
SNCA
promoter, which lead to an upregulation of
SNCA
expression, are associated with an increased risk of sporadic PD. α‐Synuclein is now recognised as the key component of Lewy bodies and as an important target for therapeutic intervention. A number of α‐synuclein antibody therapy treatments are in development and have entered early‐phase clinical development.

Key Concepts

α‐Synuclein is deposited in the common neurodegenerative conditions, Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies, as neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy bodies).

The normal function of α‐synuclein is incompletely understood but is likely to involve interaction with and regulation of synaptic vesicles.

There is some evidence that α‐synuclein may have a role as a cellular chaperone and in interacting with the proteasome.

Mendelian coding mutations in the α‐synuclein gene (
SNCA
) can lead to autosomal dominant PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

SNCA
mutations lead to an enhancement of protofibril formation as well as affecting normal α‐synuclein function.

SNCA
duplications and triplications lead to autosomal dominant PD: an increase in the transcription of normal sequence
SNCA
can lead to disease.

Promoter variation at the
SNCA
is associated with PD;
in vitro
evidence suggests that protective promoter alleles lead to a downregulation of
SNCA
expression.

There is now substantial evidence for cell‐to‐cell ‘prion‐like’ spread of synuclein pathology in the brain.

This spreading pathology represents a therapeutic target, and a number of anti‐α‐synuclein antibody therapies are in early‐stage clinical trial development.
Deconstructing Gene Function throughENUMutagenesis
Authors: Potter Paul K 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA great majority of genes present in the human genome are also present in the mouse, thus making it an attractive mammalian model organism to study gene function and dysfunction. Over the past few decades, the ability to manipulate the mouse genome has been developed in a variety of ways. A complementary methodology to create mutations in the mouse is to use chemical mutagenesis.N‐ethyl‐N‐Nitrosourea (ENU) is the mutagen of choice for creating random point mutations model organisms. Advances in sequencing technologies have resulted in a rapid identification of the causative mutation. ENU mutagenesis is a powerful hypothesis‐generating approach to create new mouse models through both forward and reverse genetics approaches. Furthermore, the addition of challenges can identify mutations affecting specific pathways, and specific mutant lines or strains can be used to identify modifiers.Key ConceptsENU produces mainly point mutations randomly throughout the genome.ENU mutagenesis can be used in both forward and reverse genetics approaches.ENU phenotype‐driven screens do not require previous knowledge of the gene to create new mouse models or reveal gene function.ENU phenotype‐driven screens can assign functions to specific protein domains.ENU phenotype‐driven screens identify new mouse models by means of phenotyping.High‐throughput sequencing technologies mean that the identification of the mutation underlying an observed phenotype is very rapid.Phenotype‐driven screens can be applied along with specific challenges or mutations to reveal mutations affecting specific pathways or which modify existing phenotypes.
Human leukocyte antigen‐DQB1 polymorphisms and haplotype patterns in Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Hayat Shoma , Jahan Israt , Das Avizit , Hassan Zahid , Howlader Zakir Hossain , Mahmud Ishtiaq , Deen Mohammad Quazi , Islam Zhahirul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe etiology of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) remains enigmatic, although genetic and environmental factors are speculated to be associated with this autoimmune condition. We investigated whether polymorphisms and the haplotype structures of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DQB1 gene relate to the autoimmune response to infection and affect the development of GBS.MethodsHLA‐DQB1 polymorphic alleles (*0201, *030x, *0401, *050x, *060x) were determined for 151 Bangladeshi patients with GBS and 151 ethnically matched healthy controls using sequence‐specific polymerase chain reaction. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype patterns were analyzed based on D ́statistics and the genotype package in R statistics, respectively. Association studies were conducted using Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis. The Bonferroni method was applied to correct for multiple comparisons, whereby the P‐value was multiplied with the number of comparisons and denoted as Pc (Pc, P corrected).ResultsNo associations were observed between HLA‐DQB1 alleles and susceptibility to disease in the comparison between GBS patients and healthy subjects. Haplotype 9 (DQB1*0303‐*0601) tended to be less frequent among patients with GBS than healthy controls (P = 0.006, OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.30–0.82; Pc = 0.06). Haplotype 5 (DQB1*0501‐*0602) and the DQB1*0201 alleles were more frequent in the Campylobacter jejuni‐triggered axonal variant of GBS (P = 0.024, OR = 4.06, 95% CI = 1.25–13.18; Pc = 0.24) and demyelinating subtype (P = 0.027, OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.17–6.17; Pc = 0.35), though these associations were not significant after Bonferroni correction.InterpretationThis study indicates that HLA‐DQB1 polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to GBS. In addition, these genetic markers did not influence the clinical features or serological subgroup in patients with C. jejuni‐triggered axonal variant of GBS.