bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability and Expected Gain Estimates for Traits of Scotch Pine Christmas Tree Seed Sources
Authors: Diebel Kenneth E. , Geyer Wayne A. , Lynch Keith D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Forty-five full-sib families of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from an incomplete factorial mating design were planted in northeastern Kansas in 1981. The trees were evaluated in 1986 for survival, height growth, crown width, taper (crown width/height), number of stems per tree, the presence or absence of stem crooks, and the number of full faces. Needle length and needle color were measured at a consistent location on each tree in December 1987. Individual tree heritabilities were high; 49.68% for taper, 61.64% for crown width, 66.83% for height, and 71.46% for needle length. Estimated genetic gains showed that rapid improvements through selection are possible for these four traits. Combined selection consistently had the highest percentage gain and is the recommended selection procedure. Genetic correlation indicated that taper is negatively correlated with height (-0.651). Therefore, because of the commercial importance of form, selection for rapid height growth should not be the emphasis in future breeding efforts. West. J. Appl. For. 7(3):82-86.
Cone Production by Rooted Cuttings, Grafts, and Seedlings of Western Larch
Authors: Fins Lauren , Reedy Verna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cone production in 1991 was compared among rooted cuttings from juvenile trees, grafts from mature scions, and seedlings planted in a common garden in Plains, MT, in 1981 and 1983. The differences among tree types were statistically significant for the mean number of cones per tree, but were not significant for the percent of trees producing cones. A projection of cone production per 1,000 trees showed that the grafts would produce nearly twice the number of cones as the seedlings and more than five times the number of cones as the rooted cuttings under the same conditions. West. J. Appl. For. 7(4):108-109.
Rapid Decline of Whitebark Pine in Western Montana: Evidence from 20-Year Remeasurements
Authors: Keane Robert E. , Arno Stephen F. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an important producer of food for wildlife, is decreasing in abundance in western Montana due to attacks by the white pine blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola), epidemics of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and successional replacement mainly by subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Plots established in 1971 were remeasured in 1991 and 1992 to determine the rate and causes of whitebark pine mortality. Mortality rates averaged 42% over the last 20 yr. indicating a rapid decline in whitebark pine populations of western Montana. This decline is most pronounced in northwestern Montana with the southward extension of heaviest mortality centered along the continental divide and Bitterroot Mountain range. Management treatments such as prescribed fire can serve to maintain whitebark pine in the landscape. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):44-47.
Effects of Tree Spacing and Height Reduction on Cone Production in Two Douglas-Fir Seed Orchards
Authors: Copes D. L. , Bordelon Mike 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Two treatments involving tree spacings (12 and 24 ft) within rows spaced 24 ft apart and height control (topped or not topped at 20 ft) were evaluated in 17- and 22-yr-old coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) seed orchards. Treatment differences for cone production were not significant because of the large tree-to-tree variation in cone production and, at one orchard, the confounding of location with treatment. Cone production in 1990 averaged slightly more than 2 bushels per tree (range 0 to 11.7 bushels). Average production per 96 linear ft of orchard row was 14.8 bushels. West. J. Appl. For. 9(1):5-7.
Growth Responses of Tanoak Sprout Clumps to Thinning
Authors: Harrington Timothy B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
At two sites in southwestern Oregon, stands of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) were thinned in the second year after sprouting (1983) to create relative covers of 25, 50, or 100% of that for unthinned stands. At one site, relative covers were replicated with and without suppression of understory vegetation. Height, crown width and dominant-stem diameter were measured annually on each of 135 sprout clumps of tanoak from 1983-1988. Reductions in relative cover caused a proportionate increase in mean relative growth rate (RGR) of tanoak; however, the effect of understory suppression was not consistent. Increases in RGR of individual clumps from thinning were considerably greater for crown width (73% and 43% for large and small clumps, respectively) than for height (28% and 22%). Predicted crown width of tanoak 6 yr after thinning and understory suppression was up to 46% greater than that of clumps in untreated stands. West. J. Appl. For. 9(4):101-105.
XVII New Literatures
Authors: Batra Kanika , Griffiths Michael , Gui Weihsin , Kamugisha Aaron , Lorre-Johnston Christine , Mcneill Dougal , Niblett Michael , Raja Ira , Sharrad Paul , Uraizee Joya , Williams Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter has seven sections: 1. Africa; 2. Australia; 3. Canada; 4. The Caribbean; 5. South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent and Sri Lanka; 6. New Zealand and Pacific; 7 Southeast Asia. Section 1 is by Kanika Batra, Joya Uraizee, and Mark Williams; section 2 is by Michael Griffiths and Paul Sharrad; section 3 is by Christine Lorre-Johnston and Mark Williams; section 4 is by Michael Niblett and Aaron Kamugisha; section 5 is by Ira Raja; section 6 is by Dougal McNeill; section 7 is by Weihsin Gui.
Chronic Reducible Scapholunate Ligament Dissociation: A Simple Surgical Technique for a Complex Injury
Authors: Alnaeem Hassan , Alnaeem Khalid , Tsai Tsu-Min 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
Report the outcomes following chondrectomy of scapholunate (SL) joint, temporary stabilization of the SL joint using Kirshner wires and extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) transfer to dorsal scaphoid pole to restore normal SL gap and correct dorsal intercalated ligament instability deformity.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective case series of 11 patients with a mean age of 45 years were treated by the senior author 7 months after SL injury. The SL joint cartilage was removed, the SL joint was stabilized temporarily with 2 Kirshner wires for 8 weeks and ECRL tenodesis to scaphoid dorsally. Visual analog scale, disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand score, wrist flexion and extension range of motion, grip strength, return to work, SL gap, and SL angle were evaluated preoperatively and in last follow-up visit after the procedure. Modified Mayo score and complications were evaluated in the last visit.

Results:
Average follow-up was 15.6 months. In the last follow-up, the average visual analog scale pain score improved significantly from 6.4 to 1.5. Average postoperative grip strength improved significantly compared with preoperative strength (41 to 56 Ib). Average disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand score improved significantly postoperatively (30 to 18 points). Average Mayo score was satisfactory in the last visit. Average SL gap reduced significantly from 4.1 to 2.8 mm and average SL angle decreased significantly from 82 to 62 degrees. Postoperative extension-flexion arc of motion significantly decreased compared with preoperative measurements. SL advanced collapse developed in 1 case after 15 months follow-up. All patients return to regular work at a mean of 16 weeks.

Conclusions:
Chronic reducible SL dissociation can be treated affectively with SL chonderectomy, temporary SL stabilization, and ECRL tenodesis to scaphoid to restore radiologic anatomy without compromising strength or work status. Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic type IV.
Fitting Scleral Lenses Less Than 15 mm in Diameter: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Porcar Esteban , Montalt Juan C. , España-Gregori Enrique , Peris-Martínez Cristina 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To perform a comprehensive review of the current and historical scientific literature on fitting small scleral lenses (diameter <15 mm) and clarifying their advantages and disadvantages, in addition to their clinical applications.

Methods:
The literature search was performed through PubMed from MEDLINE.

Results:
Eleven studies of case series (258 eyes) were found. Indications were similar to those of larger scleral lenses, 74% for corneal irregularities (mainly keratoconus), whereas 26% for ocular surface diseases. In the studies on cases of irregular corneas, visual acuity improved significantly regarding the values before and after fitting the lenses (mean, 0.4–0.03 logMar, respectively). Moreover, no significant adverse effects on the ocular surface were reported, and most studies reported over 10 hr (or thereabouts) of daily wear without removing the lenses. A better corneal physiology and visual quality, easier fitting procedure and lens handling, and prolonged hours of wear are proposed as significant advantages over larger scleral lenses.

Conclusion:
Small scleral lenses may be a safe and healthy alternative option to treat corneal irregularities and ocular surface diseases. These lenses can be fitted when it is necessary to improve visual quality and corneal physiology, when discomfort with other contact lenses is experienced, or when patients have difficulty handling larger diameters of scleral lenses. However, fitting these lenses is not suggested in severe cases or when it is not a reasonable clinical option.
Poor Long-Term Outcomes of Keratopigmentation With Black Ink for the Treatment of Dysphotopsia Secondary to Laser Peripheral Iridotomies
Authors: Jabbour Samir , Choremis Johanna , Boutin Tanguy , Brunette Isabelle , Mabon Michèle , Talajic Julia C. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To report outcomes of keratopigmentation (KP) with commercial black ink in the treatment of dysphotopsia secondary to laser peripheral iridotomies (LPI) using manual anterior stromal puncture (ASP) and manual lamellar pocket (LP).

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of eyes that underwent KP for treatment of dysphotopsia secondary to LPI. Patients' postoperative symptoms were categorized as resolved, improved, no change, or worse. Any intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted, as well as the need for further treatments.

Results:
Five eyes in 4 patients underwent ASP, and 14 eyes in 13 patients underwent LP. Only 1 patient had improvement in symptoms in the AK group. Four patients had a complete resolution of symptoms after LP, whereas 7 had symptomatic improvement and 3 did not notice any change. Fifty-five percent of patients in the LP group experienced late-onset depigmentation between 3 and 5 years postoperatively. One patient who underwent 2 LP re-treatments experienced irregular corneal steepening with nonprogressive corneal thinning. Overall, there were no serious adverse reactions to the pigment used.

Conclusions:
ASP was not suitable for the treatment of dysphotopsia secondary to LPI. In the short term, LP had good outcomes, but commercial black ink was prone to depigmentation at 3 to 5 years postoperatively. We therefore do not recommend the use of such pigment for long-term management of dysphotopsia secondary to LPI.
Nurses' Moral Distress, Burnout, and Intentions to Leave: An Integrative Review
Authors: Karakachian Angela , Colbert Alison 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Moral distress has been widely addressed across the nursing profession and within other disciplines. Forensic nurses are a vital part of the nursing profession as they care for complex patients who may suffer physically and psychologically. However, forensic nurses' moral distress in the context of caring for victims of violence has not been addressed. This integrative review of the literature reveals the consequences of moral distress on the nursing workforce particularly regarding nurses' burnout and intentions to leave their jobs. Turnover contributes to the country's critical shortage of nurses, which affects the quality of care patients receive and increases the costs for healthcare institutions.
Physician Practice Patterns for Performing Thoracentesis in Patients Taking Anticoagulant Medications
Authors: DeBiasi Erin M. , Murphy Terrence E. , Araujo Katy L.B. , Pisani Margaret A. , Puchalski Jonathan T. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Patients undergoing thoracentesis often have comorbid conditions or take medications that potentially put them at higher bleeding risk. Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use has also increased significantly. There are no published guidelines or consensus on when to perform thoracentesis in patients on anticoagulants. Recent studies support the safety of a more liberal approach for thoracentesis among patients with coagulopathy.

Methods:
We conducted a survey to ascertain the practices of physicians regarding thoracentesis in patients with increased bleeding risk. The survey was administered to the email distribution lists of the American Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology and of the American Thoracic Society.

Results:
The survey was completed by 256 attending physicians. Most of them were general pulmonologists practicing at academic medical centers. Most of them would perform a thoracentesis in patients receiving acetylsalicylic acid or prophylactic doses of unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin (96%, 89%, and 88%, respectively). Half of the respondents would perform a thoracentesis in patients on antiplatelet medications (clopidogrel and ticagrelor, 51%; ticlopidine, 53%). A minority would perform thoracentesis in patients on direct oral anticoagulants or infused thrombin inhibitors (19% and 12%, respectively). The only subgroup that had a higher proclivity for performing thoracentesis without holding medications were attending physicians practicing for under 10 years. Relative to noninterventional pulmonologists, there were no significant differences in the responses of interventional pulmonologists.

Conclusion:
There was variation in the practice patterns of attending physicians in performing thoracentesis in patients with elevated bleeding risk. Further data and guidelines regarding the safety of thoracentesis in these patients are needed.
Short‐term Effects of Mitomycin C Infiltration for Caustic Oesophageal Strictures in Children
Authors: Wishahy Ahmed M.K. , Seleim Hamed , Qinawy Mohamad , Mohamed Wesam , Mansour Omar , Abdullateef Khaled S. , Elkadi Reda , Raslan Heba , Arafa Ahmed , Yassin Tamer 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic local infiltration of mitomycin C (MMC) after oesophageal dilation for children suffering from refractory postcorrosive oesophageal stricture (OS).Methods:Children referred to Cairo University Specialized Paediatric Hospital with refractory postcorrosive OS during the period from March 2016 to August 2017 were included in this study. MMC was infiltrated endoscopically at the stricture site by the end of the dilation session. The measured outcomes were dysphagia score (DS) and periodic dilation index (PDI).Results:During the inclusion period of the presented study, 17 children met the inclusion criteria. There were 7 boys and 10 girls. During the follow‐up period, an average of 3.8 dilation sessions with MMC infiltration per case were performed, using a total dose of 1 mg each session. The median follow‐up period was 9.5 months. The median DS improved from DS 3 before application of MMC to DS 0 at the last follow‐up (P < 0.001). Additionally, the median PDI declined from 1 to 0.75 after MMC application (P = 0.052). Sixteen cases (94%) became dysphagia free after 6 months. Seven patients experienced postdilation minor bleeding that was spontaneously resolved, not triggering blood transfusion. There were no infiltration‐related complications in the included series.Conclusion:Stricture‐site MMC endoscopic infiltration by the end of a dilation session proved to be safe and effective in improving the DS and PDI.
Using a Mixed‐method Approach to Develop a Transition Program for Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Maddux Michele H. , Drovetta Megan , Hasenkamp Rachel , Carpenter Ellen , McCullough Jennifer , Goyal Alka , Bass Julie 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground:Although transition guidelines have been specified in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), few IBD centers implement these into standard care. We describe a mixed qualitative and quantitative process of developing a needs‐based transition program for adolescents and young adults with IBD.Methods:We enrolled 29 adolescents with IBD, 8 young adults with IBD in adult care, 14 pediatric gastroenterologists, and 58 adult gastroenterologists to provide input into barriers to successful transition, essential patient competencies, and key targets of clinical intervention.Results:The availability and expertise of adult gastroenterologists in childhood‐onset IBD were identified by pediatric providers as primary barriers to health care transfer. A medical summary containing pertinent health information was identified by adult providers as instrumental to assume patient care post transfer. Young adults with IBD identified self‐advocacy, education on insurance basics, and peer mentoring as essential targets of transition support and preparation in pediatric care. Findings were used to develop educational materials, a portable medical summary, a referral database of adult gastroenterologists, and a young adult clinic geared towards transition planning.Conclusion:Involving key patient and provider stakeholders in the development of a transition program is aimed at ensuring that the individual needs of patients and their families are met. Collaboration between pediatric and adult providers is also intended to facilitate a seamless continuum from pediatric to adult health care services. Efforts to evaluate the impact of such programming on self‐management in adult care are needed.
Mental Singing Reduces Gait Variability More Than Music Listening for Healthy Older Adults and People With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Harrison Elinor C. , Horin Adam P. , Earhart Gammon M. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose:
Previously, we showed that internal cues (such as singing) produce similar motor benefits as external cues (such as listening to music) for people with Parkinson disease (PD). This study takes that research further by exploring how singing—either aloud or mentally—at different tempos can ameliorate gait, and it offers insight into how internal cueing techniques may enhance motor performance for older adults and people with PD.

Methods:
Sixty participants aged 50 years and older (30 female) were recruited; 30 had PD and 30 were healthy age-matched controls. Participants completed walking trials involving internal and external cueing techniques at 90%, 100%, and 110% of preferred cadence. The effects of different cue types and rates were assessed in a repeated-measures cross-sectional study by comparing gait characteristics (velocity, cadence, stride length) and variabilities (coefficients of variation of stride length, stride time, single support time).

Results:
All participants modified their cadence and stride length during cued conditions, resulting in changes in gait velocity closely reflecting expected changes based upon cue rate. External cues resulted in increased gait variability, whereas internal cues decreased gait variability relative to uncued walking. Variability decreases were more substantial during mental singing at tempos at or above preferred cadence.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Matching movement to one's own voice improves gait characteristics while reducing gait variability for older adults and people with PD. Optimizing the use of internal cues to facilitate movement is an important step toward more effectively meeting the needs of people with gait disorders related to aging or neurological disease.

Video Abstract available for more insights from authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A286)
Factors Associated With Opioid Prescribing for Distal Upper Extremity Fractures at a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Chua Wee-Jhong , Klein Eileen J. , al-Haddad Benjamin J.S. , Quan Linda 
Published: August 2019

Objective
The aims of this study were to describe the prescribing patterns of oxycodone for patients with distal upper extremity fractures and to evaluate factors that influence the quantity of oxycodone prescribed at discharge.

Methods
We retrospectively studied oxycodone prescriptions for patients with upper extremity fractures presenting to a single center tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED) from June 1, 2014, to May 31, 2016. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association of opioid administration in the ED, fracture reduction under ketamine sedation, initial pain scores (low, medium, and high), patient demographics, and type of prescriber (residents, attendings, fellows, and advanced registered nurse practitioners) with oxycodone prescription at discharge and the number of doses prescribed (≤12 or >12 doses).

Results
A total of 1185 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 669 (56%) were prescribed oxycodone at discharge. Children with fractures requiring reduction had 13 times higher odds [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.45–20.12] of receiving an oxycodone prescription compared with children with fractures not requiring reduction. Opioid administration in the ED was associated with 7.5 times higher odds (95% CI, 5.41–10.51) of receiving an outpatient prescription. Children were more likely to have a higher quantity of oxycodone prescribed if they had a fracture reduction in the ED [odds ratio (OR), 1.73; 95% CI, 1.20–2.50], received an opioid in the ED (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.43–3.20), or received their prescription from an emergency medicine resident (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.44–5.74).

Conclusions
Opioid prescribing differs based on patient- and provider-related factors. Given the variability in prescribing patterns, changing suggested opioid prescriptions in the electronic medical record may lead to more consistent practice and therefore decrease unnecessary prescribing while still ensuring adequate outpatient analgesia.