bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Panchagavya for Enhanced Nutrient Content and Seed Germination in Sustainable Organic Farming
Authors: Mol Raseena , Priya Gowri , Rani B. , Soumya V. I. , Gopinath P. P. , Aparna B. 
Published: November 2024

The detrimental effects of chemical-intensive agriculture have spurred interest in eco-friendly farming practices, particularly organic farming. Central to organic farming are organic manures, including various liquid organic formulations such as Panchagavya, which are rooted in Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK). Due to the variability in local production methodologies, there is a pressing need to standardize the production techniques of liquid organic manures, specifically Panchagavya, and to characterize their properties. The study standardizes Panchagavya production to reduce local variability. Eight ingredients were used, with 81 different combinations. Physical and chemical properties of prepared Panchagavya were analyzed, and principal component analysis was performed to determine optimal combinations for improved soil health and crop productivity.
The nitrogen content of different combinations of Panchagavya ranged from 1.12% to 2.66%, phosphorus between 0.12% to 0.385%, potassium between 0.345% to 0.65%. The Ca content ranged between 186.3 mg L⁻¹ and 256.66 mg L⁻¹. Mg content the range was between 52.1 mg L-1 to 92.4 mg mg L-1, S varies between 0.08% and 0.3%, the Fe content in Panchagavya ranged from 49.7 mg L⁻¹ to 53.1 mg L⁻¹, Mn content ranged from 2.60 mg L⁻¹ to 5.05 mg L⁻¹, Zn content ranged from 4.1 mg L⁻¹ to 6.35 mg L⁻¹, and Cu content ranged from 12.50 mg L⁻¹ to 14.95 mg L⁻¹. with higher levels associated with increased quantities of cow urine, milk, curd, and ghee.
Germination study indicated that Panchagavya positively affected seed germination and root growth increased from 3.45% to 114.66%. The growth hormone indole acetic acid values was between 56.6 µg mL⁻¹ and 104.19 µg mL⁻¹. Similarly, the gibberellic acid values ranged from 138.34 µg mL⁻¹ to 185.23 µg mL⁻¹. From the 81 treatment 10 best treatment was selected by principle component analysis of nutrient content of Panchagavya.
Microbial analysis of selected Panchagavya demonstrated significant populations: bacteria (7.57 to 8.03 log cfu mL⁻¹), fungi (4.3 to 4.73 log cfu mL⁻¹), and actinomycetes (3.15 to 3.9 log cfu mL⁻¹).
The presence of IAA and GA further substantiates its efficacy as an organic fertilizer. This research confirms that Panchagavya enhances nutrient content, microbial activity, and hormone levels, resulting in improved seed germination and root development. These findings highlight its potential as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, promoting organic farming practices and contributing to healthier soils.
Sowing Environments and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Changing Climate Conditions of North Western Himalayan Region
Authors: Devi Tripta , Rana Ranbir Singh , Chauhan Garima , Sharma Tarun 
Published: November 2024

Sowing dates, as one of the primary agronomic practices have significant influence over yield of maize especially during the times of climate change. Therefore, the present field investigation was conducted during the Kharif cropping seasons of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate different sowing dates for their influence over maize (Zea mays L.) yield. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with factorial arrangement consisting of four dates of sowing and three maize cultivars. The study results revealed that sowing of crop by 10th June can have taller plants (261.5 and 265.2 cm for 2013 and 2014, respectively), significantly better yield contributing characters of maize such as number of cobs per plant (1.1 and 1.1 for 2013 and 2014, respectively), number of grains per cob (258.7 and 268.3 for 2013 and 2014, respectively) and test weight (268.5 and 271.6 grams for 2013 and 2014, respectively). Similarly, the significantly higher maize grain (57.3 and 60.1 quintal/hectare for 2013 and 2014, respectively) and stover yield (108.8 and 109.2 quintal/hectare for 2013 and 2014, respectively) was recorded with sowing of maize crop by 10th June. Among the maize cultivars, HQPM-1 resulted in substantially higher maize grain (53.9 and 56.5 quintal/hectare for 2013 and 2014, respectively) and stover yield (102.9 and 104.1 quintal/hectare for 2013 and 2014, respectively). Based on the present field investigation, it can be concluded that sowing of maize by 10th June and maize cultivar HQPM-1 can be recommended for better yield levels under the given conditions of North-western Himalayas.
Calcium Silicate Application as a Salt Stress Mitigation Strategy for Vegetables in the Salt-affected Soils of Sandy Plains of Kerala, India
Authors: Nizar Salma , Mini.V  , B Rani. , Aparna,B  , S.L. Lekshmi, 
Published: November 2024

Soil salinity inhibits plant growth due to osmotic stress and reduced plant and water uptake. In the Onattukara sandy plains of Kerala, saltwater intrusion is a major problem in several panchayaths near the coastal area. In uplands also, cultivation is not possible due to the salt stress from saltwater intrusion. One of the strategies for removing the inhibitory effect of salt stress on plant growth is the application of beneficial nutrients to the plants. Therefore, a study was carried out to understand the effect of calcium silicate application on mitigating salt stress in vegetables and using tomato as a test crop. A detailed germination study was conducted in laboratory conditions prior to pot culture experiment to find out the critical level of salinity for tomato and two salinity levels 30mM and 40 mM NaCl were selected for the pot culture experiment. For accessing the effect of the various levels of calcium silicate on reducing salt stress in tomato, a pot culture experiment was conducted in Onattukara region (AEU 3) in completely randomized design with ten treatments replicated thrice with varying levels of CaSiO3 from 100 kg ha-1 to 150 kg ha-1. The treatments had a significant effect on all the biometric characteristics and yield attributes of the crop. The highest fruit weight, fruit per plant, and fruit yield were observed in treatment with soil test-based NPK recommendation and 125 kg ha-1 of CaSiO3 applied. It was also observed that the relative water content was higher and the water saturation deficit was lower in this treatment. CaSiO3 application @125 kg ha-1 along with soil test-based recommendation of NPK can be recommended as a salt stress mitigation strategy for boosting vegetable production in the salt-affected soils of sandy plains of Kerala.
Enhancing Green Bean Production on Acid Oxisols Using Basalt Fines in the Cameroon Western Highlands
Authors: Tamfuh Primus Azinwi , Nguobi Matlock Diangha , Binda Valery Aghah , Ful Chantal Kuh , Nayah Colette Nyuongo , Mfouapon Hassan Yap , Moundjeu Evariste Désiré , Temgoua Emile 
Published: November 2024

Rock fines have been proposed as alternative to chemical fertilizers, but their application rates and performances on various crops are still poorly understood. This work aims to test the fertilizing potential of basalt fines for Green beans production on acid Oxisols. A field experiment using a completely randomized block design (CRBD) was conducted on a 60 m² plot.". Treatments were: T0(0), T1(5 t ha₋1 basalt fines), T2(10 t ha₋1 basalt fines), T3(15 t ha₋1), T4(20 t ha₋1 basalt fines), T5(5 t ha₋1 poultry manure), T6 (110 Kg. ha₋1 NPK 14₋23₋14). Fieldwork was followed by laboratory analysis of soils before and after treatment of the experimental units. The main results revealed that T0 was very acidic, but basalt and poultry manure (PM) application reduced acidity while NPK further increased soil acidity. The exchangeable bases and base saturation also increased after treatment with basalt and PM. The yield of green beans was such that T4>T1>T6>T3>T5>T0 >T2. Economically, all treatments were negative except T1 (Benefit-to-cost ratio, BCR=1.35<2), suggesting that none of the treatments can be popularized for green beans production. Nevertheless, production could be increased based on appropriate farming and chemical techniques aimed at reducing soil acidity and boosting nutrient capital reserves. This study addresses a critical need for environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers, aligning with sustainable agriculture goals. To increase its applicability and impact, more focus should be placed on the long-term environmental advantages and real-world uses.
Medical physics 3.0 versus 1.0: A case study in digital radiography quality control
Authors: Carver Diana E. , Willis Charles E. , Stauduhar Paul J. , Nishino Thomas K. , Wells Jered R. , Samei Ehsan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeThe study illustrates how a renewed approach to medical physics, Medical Physics 3.0 (MP3.0), can identify performance decrement of digital radiography (DR) systems when conventional Medical Physics 1.0 (MP1.0) methods fail.MethodsMP1.0 tests included traditional annual tests plus the manufacturer's automated Quality Assurance Procedures (QAP) of a DR system before and after a radiologist's image quality (IQ) complaint repeated after service intervention. Further analysis was conducted using nontraditional MP3.0 tests including longitudinal review of QAP results from a 15‐yr database, exposure‐dependent signal‐to‐noise (SNR2), clinical IQ, and correlation with the institutional service database. Clinical images were analyzed in terms of IQ metrics by the Duke University Clinical Imaging Physics Group using previously validated software.ResultsTraditional metrics did not indicate discrepant system performance at any time. QAP reported a decrease in contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) after detector replacement, but remained above the manufacturer's action limit. Clinical images showed increased lung noise (Ln), mediastinum noise (Mn), and subdiaphragm‐lung contrast (SLc), and decreased lung gray level (Lgl) following detector replacement. After detector recalibration, QAP CNR improved, but did not return to previous levels. Lgl and SLc no longer significantly differed from before detector recalibration; however, Ln and Mn remained significantly different. Exposure‐dependent SNR2 documented the detector operating within acceptable limits 9 yr previously but subsequently becoming miscalibrated sometime before four prior annual tests. Service records revealed catastrophic failure of the computer containing the original detector calibration from 11 yr prior. It is likely that the incorrect calibration backup file was uploaded at that time.ConclusionsMP1.0 tests failed to detect substandard system performance, but MP3.0 methods determined the root cause of the problem. MP3.0 exploits the wealth of data with more sensitive performance indicators. Data analytics are powerful tools whose proper application could facilitate early intervention in degraded system performance.
Investigating a novel split‐filter dual‐energy CT technique for improving pancreas tumor visibility for radiation therapy
Authors: Di Maso Lianna D. , Huang Jessie , Bassetti Michael F. , DeWerd Larry A. , Miller Jessica R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeTumor delineation using conventional CT images can be a challenge for pancreatic adenocarcinoma where contrast between the tumor and surrounding healthy tissue is low. This work investigates the ability of a split‐filter dual‐energy CT (DECT) system to improve pancreatic tumor contrast and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) for radiation therapy treatment planning.Materials and methodsMultiphasic scans of 20 pancreatic tumors were acquired using a split‐filter DECT technique with iodinated contrast medium, OMNIPAQUETM. Analysis was performed on the pancreatic and portal venous phases for several types of DECT images. Pancreatic gross target volume (GTV) contrast and CNR were calculated and analyzed from mixed 120 kVp‐equivalent images and virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) at 57 and 40 keV. The role of iterative reconstruction on DECT images was also investigated. Paired t‐tests were used to assess the difference in GTV contrast and CNR among the different images.ResultsThe VMIs at 40 keV had a 110% greater image noise compared to the mixed 120 kVp‐equivalent images (P < 0.0001). VMIs at 40 keV increased GTV contrast from 15.9 ± 19.9 HU to 93.7 ± 49.6 HU and CNR from 1.37 ± 2.05 to 3.86 ± 2.78 in comparison to the mixed 120 kVp‐equivalent images. The iterative reconstruction algorithm investigated decreased noise in the VMIs by about 20% and improved CNR by about 30%.ConclusionsPancreatic tumor contrast and CNR were significantly improved using VMIs reconstructed from the split‐filter DECT technique, and the use of iterative reconstruction further improved CNR. This gain in tumor contrast may lead to more accurate tumor delineation for radiation therapy treatment planning.
CRISPR Technology for Breast Cancer: Diagnostics, Modeling, and Therapy
Authors: Mintz Rachel L. , Gao Madeleine A. , Lo Kahmun , Lao Yeh‐Hsing , Li Mingqiang , Leong Kam W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMolecularly, breast cancer represents a highly heterogenous family of neoplastic disorders, with substantial interpatient variations regarding genetic mutations, cell composition, transcriptional profiles, and treatment response. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for alternative diagnostic approaches aimed at the molecular annotation of the disease on a patient‐by‐patient basis and the design of more personalized treatments. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) technology enables the development of such novel approaches. For instance, in diagnostics, the use of the RNA‐specific C2c2 system allows ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection and could be used to characterize the mutational repertoire and transcriptional breast cancer signatures. In disease modeling, CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be applied to selectively engineer oncogenes and tumor‐suppressor genes involved in disease pathogenesis. In treatment, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to develop gene‐therapy, while its catalytically‐dead variant (dCas9) can be applied to reprogram the epigenetic landscape of malignant cells. As immunotherapy becomes increasingly prominent in cancer treatment, CRISPR/Cas9 can engineer the immune cells to redirect them against cancer cells and potentiate antitumor immune responses. In this review, CRISPR strategies for the advancement of breast cancer diagnostics, modeling, and treatment are highlighted, culminating in a perspective on developing a precision medicine‐based approach against breast cancer.
Cyclodextrin Modulated Type I Collagen Self‐Assembly to Engineer Biomimetic Cornea Implants
Authors: Majumdar Shoumyo , Wang Xiaokun , Sommerfeld Sven D. , Chae Jemin Jeremy , Athanasopoulou Evangelia‐Nefeli , Shores Lucas S. , Duan Xiaodong , Amzel L. Mario , Stellacci Francesco , Schein Oliver , Guo Qiongyu , Singh Anirudha , Elisseeff Jennifer H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCollagen‐rich tissues in the cornea exhibit unique and highly organized extracellular matrix ultrastructures, which contribute to its high load‐bearing capacity and light transmittance. Corneal collagen fibrils are controlled during development by small leucine‐rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) that regulate the fibril diameter and spacing in order to achieve the unique optical transparency. Cyclodextrins (CDs) of varying size and chemical functionality for their ability to regulate collagen assembly during vitrification process are screened in order to create biosynthetic materials that mimic the native cornea structure. Addition of βCD to collagen vitrigels produces materials with aligned fibers and lamellae similar to native cornea, resulting in mechanically robust and transparent materials. Biochemistry analysis revealed that CD interacts with hydrophobic amino acids in collagen to influence assembly and fibril organization. To translate the self‐assembled collagen materials for cornea reconstruction, custom molds for gelation and vitrification are engineered to create βCD/Col implants with curvature matching that of the cornea. Acellular βCD/Col materials are implanted in a rabbit partial keratoplasty model with interrupted sutures. The implants demonstrate tissue integration and support re‐epithelialization. Therefore, the addition of CD molecules regulates collagen self‐assembly and provides a simple process to engineer corneal mimetic substitutes with advanced structural and functional properties.
Untersuchungen zur Lichtschädigung an mineralischen Pigmenten – Farben im Laufe der Zeit
Authors: Feneis Charlotte , Steinbach Sven 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDie hier vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema der Lichtschädigung an anorganischen Pigmenten in Bindemittelmatrizen im Besonderen von Zellulose. Auf phänomenologischer Ebene wird die schädigende Wirkung des Lichtes durch die Bestimmung der farblichen Veränderung quantifiziert. Diese phänomenologischen Ergebnisse lassen sich mittels spektroskopischer Analysemethoden mit den damit einhergehenden molekularen Veränderungen korrelieren. Durch die erzielte Datenmatrix können Aussagen über die Wirkung von Strahlung in Abhängigkeit vom Wellenlängenbereich und Spektralverteilung sowie über den Einfluss des Bindemittels auf die Lichtbeständigkeit der Pigmente getroffen werden.
Collision Incidents of Single Tetrahexahedral Platinum Nanocrystals Recorded by a Carbon Nanoelectrode
Authors: Li Pei , He Quanfeng , Liu Hai‐Xia , Liu Yunhua , Su Jian‐Jia , Tian Na , Zhan Dongping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, collision mode has been adopted to study the electrochemical or photoelectrochemical behavior of single particles touching and/or attaching on a biased ultramicroelectrode (UME). However, to correlate the reaction activity to the nanocrystal structure still remains challenging because of: (1) the uncontrolled structure and size of the single nanoparticle; (2) the uncertainty of one particle in each collision incident since the size of UME is much larger than that of the single nanoparticle. To these problems, we synthesized well‐defined convex tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals (THH Pt NC) with an average size of 30 nm and fabricated a carbon nanoelectrode through pyrolysis of butane. The current fluctuation caused by oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during the single collision incident of THH Pt NC was detected by the carbon nanoelectrode. It is reasonable to use nanocrystals with well‐defined morphology and size in the collision experiments. However, the adoption of nanoelectrode will decrease the collision frequency and shorten the standing time of nanocrystals on the electrode surface. How to figure out the kinetics from the current fluctuations in the single collision incident still remains challenging.
Stability of Metallic Current Collectors in Acidic Ionic Liquid for Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oh Youngho , Lee Gibaek , Tak Yongsug 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHerein, we investigate the stability of current collectors for aluminum‐ion batteries employing aluminum chloride in 1‐ethyl‐3methylimidazolium chloride as the electrolyte under severe environments, confirming that nickel metal is electrochemically and chemically unstable in the expanded operating potential window, thus leading to the failure of cell operation and maintenance. The molybdenum current collector exhibits fairly stable and reversible redox cycling in the expanded potential window without any side effects or reactions, thus leading to the enhanced capacity of approximately 85 mAh g−1 at an extremely high current density of 4000 mA g−1.
Using Bayesian networks to predict risk to estuary water quality and patterns of benthic environmental DNA in Queensland
Authors: Graham Scarlett E , Chariton Anthony A , Landis Wayne G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Predictive modeling can inform natural resource management by representing stressor–response pathways in a logical way and quantifying the effects on selected endpoints. This study demonstrates a risk assessment model using the Bayesian network relative risk model (BN-RRM) approach to predict water quality and, for the first time, eukaryote environmental DNA (eDNA) data as a measure of benthic community structure. Environmental DNA sampling is a technique for biodiversity measurements that involves extracting DNA from environmental samples, amplicon sequencing a targeted gene, in this case the 18s rDNA gene (which targets eukaryotes), and matching the sequences to organisms. Using a network of probability distributions, the BN-RRM model predicts risk to water quality objectives and the relative richness of benthic taxa groups in the Noosa, Pine, and Logan estuaries in Southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. The model predicts Dissloved Oxygen more accurately than the chlorophyll a water quality endpoint and photosynthesizing benthos more accurately than heterotrophs. Results of BN-RRM modeling given current inputs indicate that the water quality and benthic assemblages of the Noosa are relatively homogenous across all sub risk regions, and that the Noosa has a 73%–92% probability of achieving water quality objectives, indicating a low relative risk. Conversely, the Middle Logan, Middle Pine, and Lower Pine regions are much less likely to meet objectives (15%–55% probability), indicating a relatively higher risk to water quality in those regions. The benthic community richness patterns associated with risk in the Noosa are high Diatom relative richness and low Green Algae relative richness. The only benthic pattern consistently associated with the relatively higher risk to water quality is high richness of fungi species. The BN-RRM model provides a basis for future predictions and adaptive management at the direction of resource managers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:93–111. © 2018 SETAC
Introducing Cost Models to Conceptual Tradespace Exploration
Authors: Baylot E. Alex , Kelley Drew , Richards James , Hardin Deanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOver 70% of lifecycle cost (LCC) for a system design is determined during the conceptual phase. Currently for a US Department of Defense (DoD) Capabilities‐Based Assessment (C‐BA) or an Analysis of Alternatives (AoA), the cost analysis is performed on a small set of chosen designs based on performance/attribute metrics. Ideally, it would be better to explore the cost versus performance trades on thousands, if not millions, of designs before the down‐selection to reveal the more affordable designs.A goal of the DoD Engineered Resilient Systems (ERS) Program is to create a capability that links cost and performance models for early concept exploration. ERS leverages advances in computer science and computing power to create a tradespace framework to couple performance and cost model results. Integrating cost analysis into early tradespace development aligns with the evolving DoD policy to formally include cost earlier in the acquisition timeline.
Model Based Tradeoffs for Affordable Resilient Systems
Authors: Wheaton Marilee J. , Madni Azad M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAffordability and resilience are two non‐functional requirements that are increasingly needed in 21st century systems. Since these attributes act in tradeoff fashion, a tradespace definition and evaluation framework is needed. This paper presents a model‐based approach that builds on two core capabilities: a framework to define the space system environment, and an analytic tool to set up the tradespace within the framework for tradeoff analysis with what‐if assumptions about the future space system environment.