bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewing the Governance of Rural Land after Brexit: an Ecosystems Policy Approach
Authors: Hodge Ian 
Published: August 2019

SummaryConcerns for rural land policy have widened from a focus on food production to include many other critical values, recognised as ecosystems services. But our governance institutions have failed to reflect this. Brexit provides the UK with an opportunity to rethink the governance of rural land. This requires first an assessment of the rights and duties of land ownership. We should explore further the potential for augmented markets and payment for ecosystem services, but the public good character of ecosystem services means that the state will play a major role, through regulation, facilitation, funding and working in partnership with others. The principle of subsidiarity suggests that decisions should be made at different levels: national and local. National policy will procure services for which there is a national commitment or priority, such as for climate change targets or national parks. Local Environmental Governance Organisations will represent local values and priorities articulated through a natural capital plan. Procurement schemes will take account of the experiences gained from agri‐environment policies, extended to include partnerships or land purchase. It will take time to build these new institutions. We need more research but what is required now is a clear vision of the potential and a road map of the route towards it.
Telling and selling the value of diversity and inclusion—External consultants' discursive strategies and practices
Authors: Kirton Gill , Greene Anne‐Marie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOn the basis of a qualitative study of a subgroup of diversity professionals, external diversity and inclusion (D&I) consultants, we explore D&I consultants' discursive strategies and practices situated within organisational structures, relations, and interactions of power and knowledge. Theoretically, the research reveals how D&I consultants' own discursive strategies interact with existing organisational and societal discourses of diversity, incrementally shaping their continual evolution. A classification is developed, which sets out four approaches taken by consultants with regard to their discursive strategies in relation to clients. The findings suggest that HR practitioners need to work in tandem with external consultants to develop strategies to improve the status and legitimacy of diversity work if the field is to progress the organisational D&I agenda.
Regulation of PDE5 expression in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bisegna C. , Gravina G. L. , Pierconti F. , Martini M. , Larocca L. , Rossi P. , Grimaldi P. , Dolci S. , Di Stasi S. , Jannini E. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundType 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) expression in the normal and pathological prostate is controversial.ObjectivesThis study aimed at identifying the cell type/s, if any, expressing PDE5 in human healthy or pathological prostate sections in order to further validate the rationale of PDE5 inhibitor (PDE5i) treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and their safety in the treatment of erectile dysfunction following prostate cancer (PCa) surgery.Materials and methodsBy immunohistochemical analysis, we studied PDE5 expression in tissue microarrays containing sections obtained from healthy, BPH, and PCa samples.ResultsOur results showed that PDE5 is barely expressed in the epithelial or stromal compartment of normal human prostates, but it is highly expressed in the stromal compartment of BPH sections. We also found that a low but significant number of PCa samples (22%) expressed PDE5 in the epithelial cancer cells but not in stromal cells and that such expression was not correlated with the tumor aggressiveness, according to their Gleason score.Discussion and conclusionPDE5 overexpression in the stromal compartment of BPH samples supports the rationale of PDE5 as a target in lower urinary tract symptoms of BPH. PDE5 expression in a significant percentage of PCa samples but the lack of correlation with the Gleason score suggests that this enzyme is not correlated with tumor aggressiveness; however, a role of PDE5 in the minimal residual disease of PCa cannot be excluded.
Intracranial ependymomas: molecular insights and translation to treatment
Authors: Lester Ashleigh , McDonald Kerrie L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpendymomas are primary central nervous system tumors (CNS), arising within the posterior fossa and supratentorial regions of the brain, and in the spine. Over the last decade, research has resulted in substantial insights into the molecular characteristics of ependymomas, and significant advances have been made in the establishment of a molecular classification system. Ependymomas both within and between the three CNS regions in which they arise, have been shown to contain distinct genetic, epigenetic and cytogenic aberrations, with at least three molecularly distinct subgroups identified within each region. However, these advances in molecular characterization have yet to be translated into clinical practice, with the standard treatment for ependymoma patients largely unchanged. This review summarizes the advances made in the molecular characterization of intracranial ependymomas, outlines the progress made in establishing preclinical models and proposes strategies for moving toward subgroup‐specific preclinical investigations and treatment.
Improved survival of chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered T (CAR‐T) and tumor‐specific T cells caused by anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 single‐chain variable fragment‐producing CAR‐T cells
Authors: Nakajima Masao , Sakoda Yukimi , Adachi Keishi , Nagano Hiroaki , Tamada Koji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor‐engineered T (CAR‐T)‐cell therapy holds significant promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially for B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, its efficacy against non‐hematological malignancies has been limited as a result of several biological problems characteristic of the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. One of the main hurdles is the heterogeneous nature of tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) expressed in solid tumors. Another hurdle is the inefficient activation and limited persistence of CAR‐T cells, mainly as a result of T‐cell exhaustion caused by immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, to address these problems, we engineered CAR‐T cells to produce antagonistic anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) single‐chain variable fragment (scFv), by which PD‐1‐dependent inhibitory signals in CAR‐T cells and adjacent tumor‐specific non‐CAR‐T cells are attenuated. In mouse solid tumor models, PD‐1 scFv‐producing CAR‐T cells induced potent therapeutic effects superior to those of conventional CAR‐T cells, along with a significant reduction of apoptotic cell death not only in CAR‐T cells themselves but also in TAA‐specific T cells in the tumor tissue. In addition, the treatment with anti‐PD‐1 scFv‐producing CAR‐T cells resulted in an increased concentration of PD‐1 scFv in tumor tissue but not in sera, suggesting an induction of less severe systemic immune‐related adverse events. Hence, the present study developed anti‐PD‐1 scFv‐producing CAR‐T cell technology and explored its cellular mechanisms underlying potent antitumor efficacy.
Novel variant p.E269K confirms causative role of PLS1 mutations in autosomal dominant hearing loss
Authors: Diaz‐Horta Oscar , Bademci Guney , Tokgoz‐Yilmaz Suna , Guo Shengru , Zafeer Faraz , Sineni Claire J. , Duman Duygu , Farooq Amjad , Tekin Mustafa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAuditory reception relies on the perception of mechanical stimuli by stereocilia and its conversion to electrochemical signal. Mechanosensory stereocilia are abundant in actin, which provides them with structural conformity necessary for perception of auditory stimuli. Out of three major classes of actin‐bundling proteins, plastin 1 encoded by PLS1, is highly expressed in stereocilia and is necessary for their regular maintenance. A missense PLS1 variant associated with autosomal dominant hearing loss (HL) in a small family has recently been reported. Here, we present another PLS1 missense variant, c.805G > A (p.E269K), in a Turkish family with autosomal dominant non‐syndromic HL confirming the causative role of PLS1 mutations in HL. We propose that HL due to the p.E269K variant is from the loss of a stable PLS1‐ACTB interaction.
Community banks, money and labour productivity
Authors: Smoluk Bert J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDoes money affect productivity? We examine whether bank deposits, a measure of the money supply that excludes currency in circulation, influence labour productivity. Banks deposits are special in that they facilitate transactions and, in aggregate, add liquidity and credit availability to a region. By exploiting the distribution of community bank deposits across the states, we test the hypothesis that money is an input to the production function under a variety of panel data methods. We find evidence that bank transaction deposits and total deposits along with other production function inputs such as wages, labour and gross state product are cointegrated across the states; however, the economic contribution of money to labour productivity appears limited.
Effectiveness of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) as a Groundwater Remedy for Arsenic in Phosphatic Wastes
Authors: Bessinger Brad A. , Hennet Remy J.‐C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedy for arsenic in groundwater at a former phosphate mining and manufacturing facility. The mineralogy, speciation, and lability of arsenic in phosphatic wastes present in soils were characterized using sequential extraction procedures, leaching experiments, batch adsorption tests, and microchemical speciation analysis. A PHREEQC‐based reactive transport model was also parameterized using these laboratory results, and it was used to evaluate the importance of identified attenuation mechanisms on arsenic concentrations along a vertical flow path from a shallow, alluvial aquifer to the underlying Floridan aquifer. Arsenic was found to occur in several chemical forms in phosphatic wastes, including unstable sulfide minerals, adsorbed surface complexes, and relatively insoluble phosphate and oxide minerals. Most arsenic was associated with stable minerals. The reactive transport model predicted that historical leaching of solid‐phase waste materials in soils would not have generated enough arsenic to explain the concentrations observed in downgradient groundwater; instead, the source of arsenic to groundwater was likely acidic and saline process water that infiltrated though unlined ponds and ditches during historical manufacturing operations. A key factor affecting the long‐term effectiveness of natural attenuation of arsenic in groundwater is the occurrence and stability of iron oxyhydroxides in aquifer sediments. According to laboratory and reactive transport model results, sufficient levels were found to be present at the site to effectively limit arsenic migration at concentrations exceeding drinking water standards in the future in the Floridan aquifer. This study presents the geochemical evaluations that are needed to satisfy EPA guidelines on determining whether or not MNA is an acceptable remedy for a site. It specifically details the characterization and modeling that were used to demonstrate effectiveness at a site where MNA was ultimately selected as the remedy for arsenic in groundwater.
Promoting a sense of security in everyday life—A case study of patients and professionals moving towards co‐production in an atrial fibrillation “learning café”
Authors: Suutari Anne‐Marie , Areskoug‐Josefsson Kristina , Kjellström Sofia , Nordin Annika M. M. , Thor Johan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn improvement initiative sought to improve care for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients; many felt insecure about how to cope with AF.ObjectiveTo reveal AF patients' and professionals' experiences of pilot‐testing a Learning Café group education programme, aimed at increasing the patients' sense of security in everyday life.DesignUsing an organizational case study design, we combined quantitative data (patients' sense of security) and qualitative data (project documentation; focus group interviews with five patients and five professionals) analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.SettingAF patients and a multiprofessional team at a cardiac care unit in a Swedish district hospital.Improvement activitiesTwo registered nurses invited AF patients and partners to four 2.5‐hour Learning Café sessions. In the first session, they solicited participants' questions about life with AF. A physician, a registered nurse and a physiotherapist were invited to address these questions in the remaining sessions.ResultsAF patients reported gaining a greater sense of security in everyday life and anticipating a future shift from emergency care to planned care. Professionals reported enhanced professional development, learning more about person‐centredness and gaining greater control of their own work situation. The organization gained knowledge about patient and family involvement.ConclusionsThe Learning Café pilot test—exemplifying movement towards co‐production through patient‐professional collaboration—generated positive outcomes for patients (sense of security), professionals (work satisfaction; learning) and the organization (better care) in line with contemporary models for quality improvement and with Self‐Determination Theory. This approach merits further testing and evaluation in other contexts.
A Place for Stupidity: Investigating Democratic Learning Spaces in the Diorama
Authors: Hoekstra Marike 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores the possibilities of the diorama medium as a method to investigate educational realities and ideals. Contemporary artistic examples of dioramas deconstruct traditional associations of the diorama as a form of explanatory storytelling and critically contest the problematic reproduction of existing hierarchies, which seem to occur when dioramas are used in museums and schools. In contemporary dioramas, the gaze of the spectator is instead invited to engage and contribute to multiple interpretations of spatial creations. The article explains how dioramas have been employed in a doctoral research project on artist teachers and democratic pedagogy and how making dioramas as a research method in arts‐based educational research has been adopted to engage in a dialogue with visitors to a contemporary gallery to collaboratively investigate the spatiality of democratic learning spaces.
A/r/tography as a Pedagogical Strategy: Entering Somewhere in the Middle of Becoming Artist
Authors: Barney Daniel T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA/r/tography is often considered to be an arts and education practice‐based research methodology, but this author explores a/r/tography as a pedagogical strategy that has informed the author's artistic practice and pedagogical experiments. The author tracks his own journey of entering into an a/r/trographic world and where that entering has positioned him as an artist and educator and then moves on to speculate a possible arts education as his a/r/tography contorts into conceptual doings. Walking is used as a concept, as a process or method to generate more concepts, and as an art form with pedagogical potential within several undergraduate and one graduate course at the author's university. The author also investigates alongside or in concert with the courses he gives. The author equates artistic concepts, like walking, with theoretical and philosophical arguments, assertions and propositions. Artistic processes are equated with methods and methodological concerns, even though these systems of inquiry and knowing may be idiosyncratic in artistic inquiry. And finally, an art form can be understood in research terms as a type of research product or creation, that can be an event, performance, or a continuation of these as write ups or presentations, that are shared with the general or a particular public.
Ratios of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid were inversely associated with serum resistin levels: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Higashioka Mayu , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Kawamura Ryoichi , Honda Takanori , Hata Jun , Yoshida Daigo , Takata Yasunori , Kitazono Takanari , Osawa Haruhiko , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionResistin is an adipocyte‐derived polypeptide that leads to the progression of insulin resistance and subsequent atherosclerosis. Some studies have reported an association between self‐reported intake ofn−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and serum resistin levels. However, no studies have investigated the association between the ratio of serum levels ofn−3 to serumn−6PUFAs and the serum resistin concentration in the general population.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study of 3,200 community‐dwelling Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years in 2002–2003. The ratios of serum eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (AA) were categorized into quartiles. The associations of serumeicosapentaenoic acid/AAanddocosahexaenoic acid/AAwith the serum resistin concentration were assessed using linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors.ResultsThe geometric mean of serum resistin was 10.3 ng/mL. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted geometric mean of serum resistin decreased significantly with increased levels of serumeicosapentaenoic acid/AA(quartile 1: 11.3 ng/mL; quartile 2: 10.6 ng/mL; quartile 3: 10.3 ng/mL; quartile 4: 9.3 ng/mL;Pfor trend <0.001). A similar association was observed for serumdocosahexaenoic acid/AA(quartile 1: 11.1 ng/mL; quartile 2: 10.6 ng/mL; quartile 3: 10.1 ng/mL; quartile 4: 9.7 ng/mL;Pfor trend <0.001). An adjustment for potential confounding factors did not change these associations.ConclusionsHigher ratios of serumn−3 ton−6PUFAs were associated with lower serum resistin levels. Consumption of a large amount ofn−3PUFAs might have desirable effects on resistin‐mediated diseases.
Biographies of a Sociological Type: “Marginal Men” in the Establishment of “Middle American” Anthropology
Authors: Wong Perry 
Published: August 2019

ResumenEste artículo trata sobre el trabajo de campo que Redfield, Andrade y Tax llevaron a cabo en México y Guatemala con informantes clave y asistentes de campo reclutados localmente desde la década de 1930, bajo los auspicios conjuntos de la Carnegie Institution de Washington y Universidad de Chicago. El “hombre marginal” emerge como una preocupación conjunta razonable para estos antropólogos y sus asistentes, de tres maneras: (1) por posibles tipos sociológicos adaptados para el rol de informante o asistente, (2) por problemas prácticos de mediación para los investigadores que los informantes actuales obviaron, y (3) en cuanto a los roles de los informantes o asistentes en cargos institucionales con trayectorias profesionales emergentes. Al introducir métodos de la antropología lingüística, las vidas de “hombres marginales”, tanto conceptuales como reales, se revelan como importantes para el surgimiento de proyectos antropológicos “académicos” y “aplicados” en los Estados Unidos, México y Guatemala. [historia de las ciencias sociales, métodos de trabajo de campo, antropología aplicada, indigenismo, antropología de Chicago]
How to walk carrying a huge egg? Trade‐offs between locomotion and reproduction explain the special pelvis and leg anatomy in kiwi (Aves;Apteryxspp.)
Authors: Abourachid Anick , Castro Isabel , Provini Pauline 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKiwi (Aves; genusApteryx) are famous for laying an enormous egg in comparison with their relatively small body size. Considering the peculiar gait of this flightless bird, we suspected the existence of morpho‐functional trade‐offs between reproduction and locomotion. To understand how structural constraints, imposed by a large egg size, might influence the terrestrial locomotion ofApteryx, we analysed the anatomy of the limb osteomuscular system in two species of kiwi (Apteryx mantelliandApteryx owenii). We performed detailed dissections and brought to light specific anatomical features of kiwi, in comparison with other ratites and neognathous birds. Our osteological study revealed a strongly curved pelvis, a rigid tail, and enlarged ribs. Our myology study showed an unusual location of thecaudofemoralismuscle origin and insertion. The insertion of thepars pelvicaalong the entire caudal face of the femur, contrasts with the proximal insertion usually seen in other birds. Additionally, thepars caudalisoriginates along the entire tail, whereas it only inserts on the uropygium in the other birds. To interpret these specificities from a functional point of view, we built three‐dimensional osteomuscular models based oncomputed tomographyscans, radiographies and our dissections. We chose three postures associated with reproductive constraints: the standing position of a gravid compared with a non‐gravid bird, as well as the brooding position. The 3D model of the brooding position suggested that the enlarged ribs could support the bodyweight when leaning on the huge egg in both males and females. Moreover, we found that in gravid females, the unusual shape of the pelvis and tail allowed the huge egg to sit ventrally below the pelvis, whereas it is held closer to the rachis in other birds. The specific conformation of the limb and the insertions of the two parses of thecaudofemoralishelp to maintain the tail flexed, and to keep the legs adducted when carrying the egg. The caudal location of the hip and its flexed position explains the long stance phase during the strange gait of kiwi, revealing the functional trade‐off between reproduction and locomotion in this emblematic New Zealand bird.