bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Commiphora wildii Merxm. (omumbiri) resin
Authors: Sheehama Jacobina T. , Mukakalisa Celine , Amakali Theopolina , Uusiku Lydia N. , Hans Renate H. , Nott Karen , Nott Amber , Louw Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe resin of the plant Commiphora wildii Merxm. (omumbiri) is traditionally used by Ovahimba women (Kunene, Namibia) as the main ingredient for their perfume. Although essential oil produced from the resin by steam distillation is sold commercially, its detailed chemical composition and biological properties are not known. Knowledge on the potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of C. wildii essential oil is desired by perfume, cosmetics, and detergent manufacturers, in order to add value to their products when using the oil as an ingredient. Furthermore, once the oil has been chemically characterized, the concentrations of the bioactive constituents can be monitored for quality‐control purposes. In this study the chemical characterization of the volatile constituents of the essential oil of C. wildii resin was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC–FID). Fifty compounds were identified in the oil, most of which were terpenoids. The major compounds were α‐pinene (50.0% w/w), heptane (24.0% w/w), and β‐pinene (11.7% w/w). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was determined against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumaniaea, and Staphylococcus aureus. The best antimicrobial activity was noted against S. aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 mg ml–1. Biofilm reduction was below 40%, but inhibition was between 93% (K. pneumaniaea) and 99% (C. albicans). An 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay revealed the antioxidant potential of the oil (with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50, of 0.2257 mg ml–1).These results may be used by different industries to guide the formulation of their products and also to assess the safety of this oil when used as an ingredient.
Organ preservation for patients with anterior mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity: Rhinectomy‐free survival in those refusing surgery
Authors: Mimica Ximena , Yu Yao , McGill Marlena , Barker Christopher A. , McBride Sean , Ganly Ian , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Dunn Lara A. , Katabi Nora , Sine Kevin , Mah Dennis , Lee Anna , Lee Nancy , Cohen Marc A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundStandard treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior nasal mucosa is surgical resection with or without postoperative radiation.MethodsRetrospective review of patients diagnosed with SCC of the nasal cavity between January 2000 and July 2018 who refused total rhinectomy and who were treated with radiation with or without chemotherapy with curative intent.ResultsEleven patients were identified, 73% had stage III or stage IV disease. Four patients were treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and seven with intensity‐modulated proton radiotherapy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was used in nine patients (82%). With a median follow‐up of 15 months (3‐124 months), two patients experienced recurrence and one developed distant metastasis and died from disease. The 2‐year rhinectomy‐free survival rate was 88%. Two‐year overall survival and recurrence‐free survival were 100% and 75%, respectively.ConclusionA radiation‐based approach for SCC of the nasal cavity mucosa is a valid option for selected patients who refuse up‐front surgery.
Cholesterol Crystals in Hepatocyte Lipid Droplets Are Strongly Associated With Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Ioannou George N. , Landis Charles S. , Jin Ga‐Young , Haigh W. Geoffrey , Farrell Geoffrey C. , Kuver Rahul , Lee Sum P. , Savard Christopher 
Published: April 2019

It is unclear what drives the development of fibrosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to determine whether cholesterol crystallization within hepatocyte lipid droplets (LDs) distinguishes patients with fibrosing NASH from patients with isolated hepatic steatosis and to study pathways leading to cholesterol accumulation in hepatocyte LDs. Patients with fibrosing NASH (n = 16) were compared to patients with isolated steatosis (n = 14). Almost all patients with fibrosing NASH had free cholesterol staining by filipin (16/16) and cholesterol crystals (15/16) in hepatocyte LDs, mostly in association with the LD membrane, compared to only 3/14 with cholesterol crystals and 3/14 with faint filipin staining in patients with isolated steatosis (P < 0.05). We were unable to identify significant differences in the expression of genes in liver tissue related to cholesterol homeostasis or LD proteins between patients with fibrosing NASH and isolated steatosis. Human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) cells were supplemented with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol and oleic acid to develop large LDs, similar to those observed in patients with NASH. Fluorescent markers were used to track the uptake and intracellular trafficking of LDL‐cholesterol. LDL‐cholesterol was taken up by HepG2 cells and transported through the endosomal‐lysosomal compartment directly to LDs, suggesting direct contact sites between late endosomes and LDs. Exposure of HepG2 cells to LDL‐cholesterol resulted in a high concentration of cholesterol and cholesterol crystallization in LDs. Conclusion: Excess cholesterol is stored in the liver primarily within hepatocyte LDs where it can crystallize. Our findings are best explained by direct transport of cholesterol from late endosomes/lysosomes to LDs in hepatocytes. We found a strong association between the presence of LD cholesterol crystals and the development of fibrosing NASH in humans, suggesting a causal relationship.
Association of ERAP2 gene variants with risk of pre‐eclampsia among Iranian women
Authors: Soltani Sareh , Nasiri Mahboobeh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the association between ERAP2 rs2549782 and rs17408150 polymorphisms and pre‐eclampsia among Iranian women.MethodsA retrospective case–control study comparing 319 women with pre‐eclampsia and 291 normotensive pregnant Iranian women between January and August 2016. Pre‐eclampsia was diagnosed by the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy's criteria. Demographic data were collected by oral interview. Genotyping was done by allele‐specific PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 16.ResultsThe frequency of the rs2549782TT genotype was 31.0% and 27.5% among cases and controls, respectively (P=0.006). There was no difference in the frequency of the T allele between groups (P>0.05). Regarding the rs17408150 polymorphism, a high portion of women with pre‐eclampsia was homozygous for the AA genotype (P<0.001). The frequency of the A allele was 32.5% and 25.05% among cases and controls, respectively (P=0.004). The combined haplotype of the rs2549782A and rs17408150G alleles was associated with increased risk of pre‐eclampsia (P=0.031).ConclusionERAP2 gene polymorphisms were associated with the risk of pre‐eclampsia in an Iranian population. The results provide further evidence of the role of ERAP2 in the pathophysiology of this disease.
Cardiac risk prediction model for pregnant women with structural heart disease in Eastern China
Authors: Fu Qin , Wang Xiao‐Jin , Wang Bing‐Shun , Lin Jian‐Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a model for predicting cardiac risk among pregnant women with structural heart disease in Eastern China.MethodsThe model was built using data from pregnant women (development cohort, n=566; validation cohort, n=314) who delivered at Shanghai Obstetrical Cardiology Intensive Care Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, between 2002 and 2015. Independent predictors of adverse cardiac events were determined by logistic regression. Discrimination and calibration of the model, termed the Renji score, were compared with the CARPREG score, ZAHARA score, and modified WHO risk classification.ResultsThere were 87 (15.4%) adverse cardiac events in the development cohort. Independent predictors of adverse cardiac events included left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction, <40%), prior cardiac event or arrhythmia, moderate‐to‐severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (≥50 mm Hg), mechanical valve replacement, moderate‐to‐severe mitral stenosis. Surgical intervention before pregnancy was protective against cardiac events. As compared with other risk assessment systems, the Renji score performed better in predicting cardiac events, with a concordance statistic of 0.844 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.800–0.889) for the development cohort and 0.779 (95% CI, 0.684–0.873) for the validation cohort.ConclusionThe Renji score was applicable to predicting cardiac events among pregnant women with structural heart disease in Eastern China.
What is the best solution to manage vitamin D deficiency?
Authors: Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Bagherniya Mohammad , Abdollahi Zahra , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNowadays, vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. In addition to the skeletal effects, it is now recognized that vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Currently, optimizing serum concentration of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D with targeted strategies is becoming one the most interesting topics of public health nutrition. It is not possible for everyone to obtain sufficient serum concentrations of vitamin D by effective solar ultraviolet B exposure or usual dietary intake. Nutritional supplements and fortified foods as an available and cost‐effective way to provide the recommended amount of vitamin D. Although, vitamin D supplementation is considered a good and simple short‐term solution for vitamin D deficiency treatment; however, it seems that at a population level, food fortification, using staple foods, is the best method to increase vitamin D consumption and long‐term treatment of vitamin D deficiency. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1190–1191, 2019
Protective effects of curcumin on biochemical and molecular changes in sodium arsenite‐induced oxidative damage in embryonic fibroblast cells
Authors: Perker Mehmet Can , Orta Yilmaz Banu , Yildizbayrak Nebahat , Aydin Yasemin , Erkan Melike 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study was aimed at determining the oxidative damage caused by sodium arsenite in 3T3 fibroblast cells and the possible protective role of curcumin (Cur) against sodium arsenite toxicity. Embryonic fibroblast cells were exposed to sodium arsenite (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) in the presence and absence of Cur (2.5 μM) for 24 hours. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase) and expression levels of antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were measured in embryonic fibroblast cells. Results demonstrated that sodium arsenite directly affects antioxidant enzymes and genes in 3T3 embryonic fibroblast cells and induces oxidative damage by increasing the amount of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and lipid peroxidation in the cell. Furthermore, the study indicated that Cur might be a potential ameliorative antioxidant to protect the fibroblast cell toxicity induced by sodium arsenite.
Effects of LPS on the accumulation of lipid droplets, proliferation, and steroidogenesis in goat luteinized granulosa cells
Authors: Zhang Maoduo , Yu Hao , Wang Wei , Wang Feng , Mao Dagan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause ovarian dysfunction and infertility in mammals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LPS on the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), proliferation, and steroidogenesis in goat luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). GCs isolated from the ovarian follicles were spontaneously luteinized under media with fetal bovine serum, resulting in increased progesterone and shifted shape from spherical to star with multiple prolongations. Then, LGCs were treated with LPS (0‐10 μg/mL) for 0‐48 hours. Oil Red O staining was performed to observe LDs accumulation and commercial kit was applied to detect intracellular triglyceride (TG) content. The cell proliferation were detected by cell counting kit‐8. Expressions of cell‐cycle–related genes were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Estradiol (E
2) and progesterone (P
4) from cell supernatants were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and expressions of STAR, P450scc, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and CYP19A1 were detected by Western blot. Results showed that LPS treatment significantly increased LDs accumulation after 24 hours, and 5 μg/mL LPS increased TG content (
P < 0.05). LPS treatment for 24 hours stimulated the LGCs activities (
P<0.05), which was confirmed by the increases in the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinB1 and cyclinD1, while 48 hours treatment had no effect. LPS treatment suppressed E
2 and P
4 output of LGCs (
P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that 10 μg/mL LPS decreased the protein expression of 3β‐HSD in LGCs (
P < 0.05). In conclusion, LPS increased LDs accumulation and cell proliferation, and LPS‐mediated P
4 reduction could be attributed to the decreased 3β‐HSD protein expression, which provide new information for the regulation of ovarian function in goats.
Staging of nutrition disorders in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients: utility of skeletal muscle mass assessment
Authors: Antoun Sami , Morel Hugues , Souquet Pierre‐Jean , Surmont Veerle , Planchard David , Bonnetain Franck , Foucher Pascal , Egenod Thomas , Krakowski Ivan , Gaudin Hélène , Debieuvre Didier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn international consensus proposed in 2011 a definition and classification system for cachexia (CAX), mainly based on weight loss, sarcopenia [skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss], inflammation, and anorexia. The aim of this study was to stage CAX in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by using a classification based on the Fearon criteria and supported by quantifiable parameters.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional and non‐interventional multicentre study. SMM was assessed by analysing L3 computed tomography‐scan images. Patients completed the anorexia/CAX subscale of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy, EORTC QLQ‐C30 quality of life (QoL) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).ResultsPatients were recruited in 56 sites. The analysis population comprised 531 patients, and SMM was assessed in 312 patients. Male patients were 66.5%, with a mean (SD) age of 65.2 (10.0) years, 79.9% were PS 0–1, and the tumour stage was mainly IIIB‐IV (87.3%). Overall, 38.7% of patients had CAX, 33.8% pre‐CAX, and 0.9% refractory CAX. Molecular tumour profiles were significantly associated with the presence of CAX: 23.9% in EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, or HER2+ patients, 41.4% in K‐RAS+, and 43.2% in patients with no molecular abnormality (P = 0.003). The more advanced the CAX stage, the poorer the scores of functional items of the QoL (P < 0.001) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (P < 0.001). Sarcopenia was present in 66.7% of CAX and 68.5% of pre‐CAX patients. Overall, 43.8% of pre‐CAX patients had only sarcopenia with limited weight loss (≤2%) and no anorexia.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show the distribution of CAX in a population of NSCLC patients and an association between molecular abnormality in NSCLC and CAX. The original Fearon classification for CAX stages was supported by the associated functional QoL scores and physical activity levels, resulting in a clinically relevant system for detection of early stages of CAX.
Rinsing of oropharynx and storage place of respiratory medicine inhaler: A cross‐sectional audit
Authors: Okauchi Shinichiro , Kinoshita Kensuke , Sato Shinya , Osawa Hajime , Yamada Hideyasu , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Satoh Hiroaki , Hizawa Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with bronchial asthma and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inhalation therapy and rinsing of the mouth and the oropharynx by gargling (“RMOG”) after inhalation are recommended. We performed a cross‐sectional audit aimed at investigating (a) the proportion of patients performing “RMOG” after inhalation and (b) storage place of patients’ inhaler.MethodsPatients with bronchial asthma and those with COPD were asked by medical aids at outpatient visits whether they did “RMOG every time,” “RMOG sometimes,” or “no RMOG” after inhalation, and where they stored their inhaler.ResultsDuring a six month study period up to September 2017, 330 consecutive patients with asthma and those with COPD were included in the study. Two hundred and thirty‐two (70.3%) of the 330 patients answered “RMOG every time” and 98 (29.7%) of them did “RMOG sometimes” and did “no RMOG.” There was a difference in the proportion of patients performing RMOG after inhalation with patient age. With regard to the storage location of inhaler, we found the proportion of patients performing RMOG was higher in those who stored inhalers in a room with running water than in those who stored inhalers at other places. This difference was found in patients with both bronchial asthma and those with COPD.ConclusionsFurther implementation of “patient education” on performing RMOG after inhalation for patients receiving inhaled medication is still necessary. Our results suggest that it is better to store inhalers in places where there is easy access to tap water used for RMOG.
Cross‐linked α‐galactosidase aggregates: optimization, characterization and application in the hydrolysis of raffinose‐type oligosaccharides in soymilk
Authors: Bayraktar Hasan , Önal Seçil 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of α‐galactosidase, partially purified from maize (Zea mays) flour, were prepared. The impact of various parameters on enzyme activity was examined to optimize the immobilization procedure. Biochemical characterization of the free and immobilized enzyme was carried out. Stability (thermal, pH, storage and operational stability) and reusability tests were performed. The potential use of the free enzyme and the CLEAs in hydrolysis processes of raffinose‐type oligosaccharides present in soymilk was investigated.RESULTSα‐galactosidase CLEAs were prepared with 47% activity recovery under optimum conditions [1:5 (v/v) enzyme solution:saturated ammonium sulfate solution ratio; 7.5 mg protein and 0.1% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, 6 h, 4 °C, 150 rpm]. α‐galactosidase CLEAs exhibited increased stability in comparison to the free enzyme. The CLEAs and the free enzyme showed a maximum activity at 40°C and their optimal pH values were5.5 and 6.0, respectively. Kinetic constants (KM, Vmax and kcat) were calculated for the free enzyme and the CLEAs in the presence of p‐nitrophenyl‐α‐d‐galactopyranoside, stachyose, melibiose and raffinose. The effect of various chemicals and sugars on enzyme activity showed that both enzyme forms were significantly inhibited by HgCl2 and galactose. The CLEAs hydrolyzed 85% of raffinose and 96% of stachyose.CONCLUSIONThe α‐galactosidase CLEAs, with their satisfactory enzymatic characteristics, have much potential for use in the food and feed industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Perioperative analgesia for patients undergoing otologic surgery: An evidence‐based review
Authors: Campbell Hilary T. , Yuhan Brian T. , Smith Brendan , Misch Emily , Svider Peter F. , Pashkova Anna A. , Sheyn Anthony , Ying Yu‐Lan M. , Johnson Andrew P. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisOpioid misuse and diversion is a major concern, with a negative impact on both the individual and society. The objective of this study was to perform an evidence‐based systematic review of the efficacy of perioperative analgesic regimens following otologic surgery.MethodsEmbase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases (January 1, 1947 to June 30, 2018) were searched for studies investigating pain management in otologic surgeries. All studies were assessed for quality and bias using the Cochrane bias tool. Patient demographics, type of surgery, medication class, dose, administration characteristics, pain scores, and adverse events were reported.ResultsTwenty‐three studies encompassing 1,842 patients met inclusion criteria. In 21.4% of studies, an overall reduction in pain scores was reported when the treatment group included more than one analgesic. Nausea and vomiting were the most common adverse events across all medication types (10.2%), with local anesthetic patients experiencing these side effects most frequently (38.0%). Perioperative acetaminophen was reported to have the fewest adverse drug reactions overall (6.1%), but did not reduce pain scores as much as other modalities, such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or combination analgesics.ConclusionsThere is evidence that combination analgesics, such as acetaminophen plus codeine, provide superior pain relief to monotherapy analgesics in the perioperative pain management of otologic surgeries. NSAIDs, α‐agonists, and nerve blocks may also be viable single‐therapy options. Further prospective randomized controlled trials into perioperative analgesia for patients undergoing otologic surgery may be helpful in establishing a definitive consensus. Laryngoscope, 130:190–199, 2020
Publikationen ‐ die Säulen der Forschung
Authors: Kuschel Frank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDie Menge an Veröffentlichungen in Chemiezeitschriften hat zugenommen, auch weil es inzwischen mehr Forscher in Schwellenländern gibt. Eine Gruppe von Wissenschaftlern spielt bei Publikationen nur noch eine marginale Rolle und damit auch in der Wahrnehmung der Scientific Community: die Industriechemiker.
Bilanz 2018: Bayer: Kaum Klagen über die Klagen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRezeptpflichtige Arzneimittel liefern bei Bayer weiterhin den größten Umsatzanteil. Der Monsanto‐Kauf belastet die Jahresbilanz. Hinzu kommen Absatzschwierigkeiten im Tiergesundheitsgeschäft.