bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus mutans extracellular DNA levels depend on the number of bacteria in a biofilm
Authors: Kim Miah , Jeon Jaegyu , Kim Jaegon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStreptococcus mutans is a component of oral plaque biofilm that accumulates on the surface of teeth. The biofilm consists of extracellular components including extracellular DNA (eDNA). This study was conducted to investigate the factors that may affect the eDNA levels of S. mutans in biofilms. For the study, S. mutans UA159 biofilms were formed for 52 h on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs in 0% (w/v) sucrose +0% glucose, 0.5% sucrose, 1% sucrose, 0.5% glucose, 1% glucose, or 0.5% sucrose +0.5% glucose. Acidogenicity of S. mutans in the biofilms was measured after biofilm formation (22 h) up to 52 h. eDNA was collected after 52 h biofilm formation and measured using DNA binding fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I. Biofilms cultured in 0.5% sucrose or glucose had more eDNA and colony forming units (CFUs) and less exopolysaccharides (EPSs) than the biofilms cultured in 1% sucrose or glucose at 52 h, respectively. The biofilms formed in 0% sucrose +0% glucose maintained pH around 7, while the biofilms grown in 0.5% sucrose had more acidogenicity than those grown in 1% sucrose, and the same pattern was shown in glucose. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the number of S. mutans in biofilms affects the concentrations of eDNA as well as the acidogenicity of S. mutans in the biofilms. In addition, the thickness of EPS is irrelevant to eDNA aggregation within biofilms.
Armchair MoS2 nanoribbons turned into half metals through deposition of transition-metal and Si atomic chains
Authors: Lee Chi-Hsuan , Lin Joy , Yang Chih-Kai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMoS2 nanoribbons with armchair-terminated edges are semiconductors suitable for the tuning of electronic and magnetic properties. Our first-principles density function calculations reveal that a variety of transition-metal atomic chains deposited on some of the ribbons is able to transform the semiconductors into half metals, allowing transport of 100% spin-polarized currents. Furthermore, we found that a Si atomic chain is equally capable of achieving half metallicity when adsorbed on the same nanoribbon. These results should be useful for spintronic application.
Surface Plasmon Coupling in GaN:Eu Light Emitters with Metal-Nitrides
Authors: Fragkos Ioannis E. , Tansu Nelson 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetal-nitrides of hafnium nitride (HfN), zirconium nitride (ZrN) and titanium nitride (TiN) are investigated as plasmonic materials to enhance the internal quantum efficiency of a GaN:Eu red light emitter. Theoretical calculations are performed to evaluate the surface plasmon polariton dispersion relation and Purcell enhancement factor for a single metal-nitride layer on top of the GaN:Eu emitter. Our findings suggest that among the metal-nitrides investigated in this study, TiN is the most promising candidate for use as plasmonic material to increase the internal quantum efficiency in GaN:Eu red light emitters.
Infektiologische Konsile bei Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie – eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie am Universitätsklinikum Jena
Authors: Kimmig Aurelia , Weis Sebastian , Hagel Stefan , Forstner Christina , Kesselmeier Miriam , Pletz Mathias 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämien sind schwere Infektionserkrankungen mit oftmals langwierigen klinischen Verläufen und hoher Sterblichkeit. Retrospektive Studien zeigen, dass infektiologische Konsile die Adhärenz an Therapiestandards erhöhen und das Überleben von Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie-Patienten verbessern können.
Methoden In dieser retrospektiven, monozentrischen Beobachtungsstudie wurde der Einfluss von infektiologischen Konsilen auf das Überleben von Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie am Universitätsklinikum Jena mittels logistischer Regressions- und Überlebenszeitanalyse untersucht. Der primäre Endpunkt der Studie war die Krankenhaussterblichkeit.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden Daten von 297 Patienten (≥ 18 Jahre) mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie im Zeitraum zwischen Dezember 2012 und August 2015 analysiert. Bei 159 dieser Patienten wurde ein infektiologisches Konsil durchgeführt. Die Durchführung eines Konsils war mit einer geringeren Krankenhaussterblichkeit assoziiert (23 % ohne Konsil, 11 % mit Konsil; multiple Regressionsanalyse: Odds-Ratio = 0,27 [95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 0,12 – 0,64]; p = 0,003). Ferner gab es Unterschiede bei der Erfüllung definierter Qualitätsindikatoren der Behandlung einer Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie. Dabei war die komplette Umsetzung aller im Konsil empfohlenen Maßnahmen mit der niedrigsten Krankenhaussterblichkeit verbunden.
Diskussion Die Mitbehandlung von Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie durch klinische Infektiologen war mit einer geringeren Krankenhaussterblichkeit assoziiert.
Does Type 5 of Takayasu's Arteritis Require Subclassification?
Authors: Moode Sandeep , Malayathi Suneethi , Maddury Jyotsna , Nemani Lalita 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is an inflammatory vascular disease of the young involving the large elastic arteries resulting in occlusive or ectatic changes, mainly in the aorta and its major branches as well as the pulmonary artery and its branches.
Materials and Methods The authors reviewed the TA patients admitted over 2 years in their department and who underwent catheterization. They noted the clinical presentations, two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic features, and angiogram details of all these patients.
Results The study population constituted 24 patients with mean age of 28 years. Out of them, 21 (87.5%) were females. Most of the admitted TA patients presented with claudication complaints (79.2%), 37.5% patients had breathlessness, and 12.5% patients had typical stable angina symptoms. Five patients had 2D echo abnormalities, and rest of the patients had normal echocardiogram. Coronary angiogram (CAG) along with aortogram and selective peripheral arteriograms were performed of all these patients. Left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease was seen in three (12.5%) patients. Case details of two (8.3%) patients with multiple anomalous communications of the coronaries with pulmonary vasculature were described.
Conclusion TA patients who came for catheterization were predominantly females, mainly involving the aorta and its main branches. In the authors’ TA series of patients, type 5 presentation was there in five (20.8%) patients (three cases of LMCA + two cases of coronary artery to pulmonary parenchymal fistulas). They propose to subclassify type 5 of TA, as they report coronary artery to pulmonary parenchymal fistulas along with the previous literature.
Gender assignment in Basque/Spanish mixed determiner phrases
Authors: Badiola Lucia , Sande Ariane 
Published: August 2018

We examine the gender assignment strategies used in Basque/Spanish mixed Determiner Phrases in Gernika Basque. Twenty-one simultaneous bilinguals completed a survey containing an Acceptability Judgment Task, a Forced-choice task, two proficiency tests, and a linguistic background questionnaire. Two Linear Mixed Models revealed that participants use two strategies. First, they assign the Spanish masculine determiner, el, to most Basque nouns. Second, when the Basque noun ends in lexical a, they prefer to assign the Spanish feminine determiner, la, potentially as a result of homophony with the canonical ending for Spanish feminine nouns. Our findings contrast with what Parafita-Couto et al. (2015) found for the same language pair. Yet, they align with what Liceras et al. (2008) found for English/Spanish simultaneous bilinguals.
Adjective placement in Spanish and Basque mixed DPs
Authors: de Nicolás Irati , Robledo Jon 
Published: August 2018

The present study examines the relative order of noun-adjective sequences within a code-switched DP among Basque/Spanish bilinguals. Several hypotheses have been considered: is this a property defined by the determiner (Bartlett, 2013), the adjective (Cantone & MacSwan, 2009) or the noun (Arnaus et al., 2012)? We propose a new look at the problem by using code-switching of Basque/Spanish, two languages whose typological properties partially overlap. The Basque adjective is rigidly post nominal, while Spanish adjectives range from obligatory pre-nominal to obligatory post-nominal. We found that neither the N nor the D seem to play a role. Furthermore, the study showed that the adjective is responsible for word order in these contexts. Thus, our results confirm Cantone and MacSwan (2009).
Representing Multiple Observed Actions in the Motor System
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Keysers Christian , Clauwaert Amanda , Brass Marcel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
There is now converging evidence that others’ actions are represented in the motor system. However, social cognition requires us to represent not only the actions but also the interactions of others. To do so, it is imperative that the motor system can represent multiple observed actions. The current fMRI study investigated whether this is possible by measuring brain activity from 29 participants while they observed 2 right hands performing sign language gestures. Three key results were obtained. First, brain activity in the premotor and parietal motor cortex was stronger when 2 hands performed 2 different gestures than when 1 hand performed a single gesture. Second, both individual observed gestures could be decoded from brain activity in the same 2 regions. Third, observing 2 different gestures compared with 2 identical gestures activated brain areas related to motor conflict, and this activity was correlated with parietal motor activity. Together, these results show that the motor system is able to represent multiple observed actions, and as such reveal a potential mechanism by which third-party social encounters could be processed in the brain.
A comparative histomorphological and micro computed tomography study of the primary stability and the osseointegration of The Sydney Mini Screw; a qualitative pilot animal study in New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Bakopoulou Anastasia , Hoang Peter , Fathi Ali , Foley Matthew , Dunstan Colin , Dalci Oyku , Papadopoulou Alexandra K , Darendeliler M Ali 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the potential of improving orthodontic miniscrews’ (MSs) primary stability in vivo by evaluating the dispersion capacity of an injectable bone graft substitute (iBGS) through a newly designed hollow MS [The Sydney Mini Screw (SMS)] and its integration with the cortical and trabecular bone by using the femur and tibia in a New Zealand rabbit animal model.MethodsIn total, 24 MSs were randomly placed in each proximal tibia and femur of 6 New Zealand rabbits with an open surgery process. Aarhus MSs were used as controls and the effect of injection of iBGS was studied by implanting SMSs with and without iBGS injection. The dispersion of iBGS and the integration of the SMS were studied by using micro Computed Tomography (μCT) and histochemical analysis at two time points, 0 day and 8 weeks post-implantation.ResultsiBGS was successfully injected through the SMS and hardened in situ. After 8 weeks, μCT results revealed that the iBGS particles were resorbed and bone tissue was formed around the SMS and within its lateral exit holes.ConclusionsThis pilot animal study showed the high potential of the combined use of iBGS and SMS as a newly developed technique to promote the primary stability of MSs.
Transfer to Characteristic Zero of the Jacquet–Mao’s Metaplectic Fundamental Lemma
Authors: Do Viet Cuong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Jacquet conjectured that globally a cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{G}\mathrm{L}_r$ should be in the image of the metaplectic correspondence precisely when it is distinguished with respect to a split orthogonal similitude group. Jacquet–Mao have suggested an approach to solve this problem by using “relative” traces formula. One of the steps of this approach is the Jacquet–Mao’s metaplectic fundamental lemma. The author proved this fundamental lemma for any $r$ in the case of positive characteristic. The aim of this paper is to extend this result to the more general case.
Androgen Receptor Expression and Breast Cancer Survival: Results From the Nurses’ Health Studies
Authors: Kensler Kevin H , Poole Elizabeth M , Heng Yujing J , Collins Laura C , Glass Benjamin , Beck Andrew H , Hazra Aditi , Rosner Bernard A , Eliassen A Heather , Hankinson Susan E , Winer Eric P , Brown Myles , Tamimi Rulla M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Hormone receptor signaling is critical in the progression of breast cancers, although the role of the androgen receptor (AR) remains unclear, particularly for estrogen receptor (ER)–negative tumors. This study assessed AR protein expression as a prognostic marker for breast cancer mortality.

Methods
This study included 4147 pre- and postmenopausal women with invasive breast cancer from the Nurses’ Health Study (diagnosed 1976–2008) and Nurses’ Health Study II (1989–2008) cohorts. AR protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and scored through pathologist review and as a digitally quantified continuous measure. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of breast cancer mortality were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for patient, tumor, and treatment covariates.

Results
Over a median 16.5 years of follow-up, there were 806 deaths due to breast cancer. In the 7 years following diagnosis, AR expression was associated with a 27% reduction in breast cancer mortality overall (multivariable HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.91) a 47% reduction for ER+ cancers (HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.69), and a 62% increase for ER− cancers (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.18 to 2.22) (P heterogeneity < .001). A log-linear association was observed between AR expression and breast cancer mortality among ER− cancers (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.26 per each 10% increase in AR), although no log-linear association was observed among ER+ cancers.

Conclusions
AR expression was associated with improved prognosis in ER+ tumors and worse prognosis in ER− tumors in the first 5–10 years postdiagnosis. These findings support the continued evaluation of AR-targeted therapies for AR+/ER− breast cancers.
The Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Case Study Illustrating Physical Therapy Implications and Management in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Perillo Lauren , Sweeney Greg 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Sudden cardiac death causes an estimated 200,000 to 450,000 deaths per year in the USA. Although permanent implantation of an internal cardiac defibrillator offers a preventive intervention, the required assessment period for determining need creates vulnerability for patients who will benefit from this protection. The use of a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) for interim protection is rapidly increasing. There are no rehabilitation guidelines for patients wearing a WCD. This article reviews the WCD’s purpose, considers implications and current challenges for use during rehabilitation, and illustrates this with a case report.

Case Description
A 51-year-old male with coronary artery disease following prolonged hospitalization was fitted with a WCD during evaluation for an internal cardiac defibrillator. During inpatient rehabilitation, the therapy plan required unique considerations because of the presence of the WCD.

Outcomes
Recapitulating the patient's rehabilitation course illustrates the WCD’s challenges, the benefits to exercise progression, and the safety measures used. The patient gained functional independence, with uninterrupted care, in the presence of the WCD.

Discussion
Knowledgeable clinicians, attention to safety, and sufficient patient/caregiver education are essential for uninterrupted and successful rehabilitative care for WCD-wearing patients. Because of increasing clinical prevalence of WCDs in rehabilitation, it is critically important to share clinical experience and eventually conduct a systematic assessment.
Occupational silica exposure and mortality from lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory disease
Authors: Picciotto Sally , Neophytou Andreas M. , Brown Daniel M. , Checkoway Harvey , Eisen Ellen A. , Costello Sadie 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica is known to increase risks of both lung cancer and noninfectious nonmalignant respiratory diseases (NMRD). However, associations between silica exposure and survival times have not been described.

Methods:
In a longitudinal cohort of diatomaceous earth workers exposed to crystalline silica (primarily cristobalite) and followed from 1942 to 2011, we applied g-estimation of structural nested accelerated failure time models to adjust for time-varying confounding that could result in healthy worker survivor bias. A continuous measure of exposure was used in analyses estimating the hypothetical effect of banning exposure to silica on survival time. Since a ban is infeasible, sensitivity analyses examined the hypothetical effects of enforcing various Occupational Exposure Limits.

Results:
The estimated median number of years of life lost per worker (for all natural causes) due to silica exposure was 0.48 (95% confidence interval = 0.02, 1.01). For NMRD deaths, the corresponding estimate was 3.22 (0.82, 7.75) and for lung cancer deaths, 2.21 (0.97, 3.56). Cause-specific estimates were sensitive to the use of weights to adjust for competing events. Lung cancer mortality, which tended to occur at younger ages, was an important competing event for NMRD mortality. Sensitivity analyses supported the main results, but with larger estimates, and suggested that a strict limit would be nearly as effective as a complete ban on silica exposure.

Conclusions:
Workplace exposure to crystalline silica in this industry appears to shorten survival times significantly, particularly for those who die of lung cancer or NMRD. More stringent exposure limits are probably warranted.
Measuring Dynamic Symptom Response in Concussion: Children's Exertional Effects Rating Scale
Authors: Sady Maegan D. , Vaughan Christopher G. , Gioia Gerard A. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:To introduce and evaluate a measure of momentary symptom response to cognitive activity, a core feature of concussion.Setting:Concussion clinic at a large regional children's hospital.Participants:Individuals aged 5 to 18 years, comprising 3 clinical groups: uninjured (n= 590), recently concussed but clinically recovered (n= 160), and recently concussed but not yet recovered (n= 570).Design:Participants completed pretest symptom ratings, underwent neurocognitive assessment and completion of questionnaires, and then completed posttest ratings. An exertional effects index was computed by subtracting pretest from posttest ratings.Main Measures:Children's Exertional Effects Rating Scale, which includes 4 symptoms (Headache, Fatigue, Concentration Problems, and Irritability) rated pre- and postactivity.Results:Children's Exertional Effects Rating Scale was found to have adequate reliability and validity. There were negligible differences in ratings (pretest and exertional effects) between the Uninjured and Recovered groups, while individuals who were Not Recovered rated higher levels of pretest and exertional effects. Base rates showed that an exertional effects index of 4 or more points is rare in individuals who do not have a current concussion.Conclusion:Children's Exertional Effects Rating Scale is a psychometrically sound scale for evaluating momentary symptom increase in response to cognitive activity. Clinicians can use this scale as part of a multimodal battery for concussion assessment and treatment.
The Effect of Antidepressants on Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kreitzer Natalie , Ancona Rachel , McCullumsmith Cheryl , Kurowski Brad G. , Foreman Brandon , Ngwenya Laura B. , Adeoye Opeolu 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), depressive symptoms are common and may influence recovery. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the benefit of antidepressants following TBI and compare the estimated effects between antidepressants and placebo.

Participants:
Multiple databases were searched to find prospective pharmacological treatment studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults following TBI.

Main Measures:
Effect sizes for antidepressant medications in patients with TBI were calculated for within-subjects designs that examined change from baseline after receiving medical treatment and treatment/placebo designs that examined the differences between the antidepressants and placebo groups.

Design:
A random-effects model was used for both analyses.

Results:
Of 1028 titles screened, 11 were included. Pooled estimates showed nonsignificant difference in reduction of depression scores between medications and placebo (standardized mean difference of 5 trials = −0.3; 95% CI, −0.6 to 0.0; I
2 = 17%), and a significant reduction in depression scores for individuals after pharmacotherapy (mean change = −11.2; 95% CI, −14.7 to −7.6 on the Hamilton Depression Scale; I
2 = 87%).

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis found no significant benefit of antidepressant over placebo in the treatment of MDD following TBI. Pooled estimates showed a high degree of bias and heterogeneity. Prospective studies on the impact of antidepressants in well-defined cohorts of TBI patients are warranted.