bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarup Revisited
Authors: Andersen Niels H. 
Published: January 2019

In the second half of the 4thmillennium BC, we see signifi cant changes in the early Neolithic culture. These take place some centuries after the initial introduction of agriculture and sees striking developments such as the apparent opening-up of the landscape, involving forest clearance, the introduction of the ard for ploughing and the construction of regular houses. The transition to a settled and sedentary farming lifestyle must also have demanded mental adaptations, whereby the farmers were required to forge new and stable alliances. These alliances appear to be forged by a series of communal works, involving monumental structures, such as the building of dolmens and passage graves as well as the extensive and land-demanding causewayed enclosures. The causewayed enclosures were essentially used for only a few days but were remembered for centuries.Since the 1970s, excavations have been undertaken in the Sarup area, on the island of Funen, Denmark, to obtain more detailed information about the activities that took place there between c. 3600 and 3000 BC. This paper presents the results of excavations and studies of two well-preserved causewayed enclosures, the Barkaer-structures and more than 30 megalithic monuments, as well as investigations of several settlements. This research has provided insight into a complex farming culture, which appears to have been firmly consolidated by major communal construction works, whereby teams and networks were created within an evolving cooperative social structure.
Robust hydrophobicity and evaporation inertness of rare‐earth monosilicates in hot steam at very high temperature
Authors: Tian Zhilin , Zhang Jie , Sun Luchao , Zheng Liya , Wang Jingyang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRare‐earth oxides are intrinsically hydrophobic, and this characteristic opens new horizons for their design and diverse applications as robust hydrophobic surfaces. Here, we discover some rare‐earth (RE) monosilicates (RE2SiO5) that are hydrophobic under ambient conditions. Their hydrophobicity is positively correlated with their hot‐steam corrosion at 1400°C. RE3+ in RE2SiO5 is further found to be a hydration prohibitor, and its species can regulate hydration and volatilization at very high temperatures. These results may provide basis for innovative designs of RE silicates in harsh hot‐steam environments for robust environmental barrier coatings (EBC) or as ceramic components.
Accuracy of “At Risk” Tissue Predictions Using CT Perfusion in Acute Large Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Lee Songmi , Yoo Albert J. , Marquering Henk A. , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Majoie Charles B. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Sheth Sunil A. ,   for the MR CLEAN Investigators
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe validity of CT perfusion (CTP) predictions of expected infarction volume (“at risk” tissue) without rapid recanalization remains poorly characterized.METHODSFrom the MR CLEAN trial, we included patients who underwent CTP without successful recanalization. “At risk” volume was defined as Tmax > 6 seconds and ischemic core as relative CBF < 30 (Olea Sphere). Coprimary outcomes were follow‐up infarct volume (FIV) on CT at 1‐5 days and 90‐day mRS. Data are presented as median [IQR] or OR [95% CI] unless otherwise specified.RESULTSAmong 37 patients who met criteria, 14 (38%) were women, median age was 61 years [52‐69], NIHSS was 19 [15‐21], ASPECTS was 8 [7‐9], and onset to imaging was 160 minutes [39‐200]. Occlusion location was M1 for 22 (59%), ICA‐T in 10 (27%), and M2 in 4 (11%). In univariable analysis, “at risk” volume correlated poorly with FIV (r = .06, P = .77). Among patients with predicted “at risk” volume < 100 mL, 36% had FIV > 200 mL. In adjusted linear regression, NIHSS but not “at risk” volume was associated with FIV (Coef 12, P = .045; Coef –.15, P = .8). In adjusted logistic regression, NIHSS but not “at risk” volume was associated with mRS 0‐2 at 90 days (OR .7 [.5‐.99]; OR 1.0 [.99‐1.04]).CONCLUSIONPredictions of “at‐risk” tissue using CTP may underestimate the natural history of infarction from acute large vessel occlusions. NIHSS may perform better as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients without rapid recanalization.
El derecho a la salud como dimensión de la ciudadanía social en américa latina y Venezuela
Authors: Delgado Blanco Andy Del Valle 
Published: January 2019

Este artículo es parte de una investigación más rigurosa realizada por la autora para obtener el grado de Doctora en Estudios del Desarrollo. Su propósito es examinar la realización efectiva del derecho a la salud como dimensión básica de la ciudadanía social, tanto en América Latina como en Venezuela. Para cumplir con ese objetivo, la discusión se ha estructurado en tres partes: revisión del proceso de construcción de la ciudadanía social en la región, luego, en Venezuela y, finalmente, el estado en que se encuentra el disfrute efectivo de ese derecho en este último país. La revisión documental realizada sugiere que el desarrollo histórico de la ciudadanía social en esta parte del mundo evidencia ciclos de inclusión-exclusión en los que hay, por un lado, una expansión de derechos y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las personas, en términos globales y, por el otro, una desigualdad social que disminuye sus capacidades para desarrollarse, con pocas posibilidades de que las competencias y facultades intersubjetivas de los derechos traduzcan la igualdad normativa en un ejercicio más pleno del derecho. Así, el derecho a la salud aunque tiene una concepción universalista no se concreta en los hechos.
Experimental and theoretical study of velocity fluctuations during slow movements in humans
Authors: Guigon Emmanuel , Chafik Oussama , Jarrassé Nathanaël , Roby-Brami Agnès 
Published: January 2019

Moving smoothly is generally considered as a higher-order goal of motor control and moving jerkily as a witness of clumsiness or pathology, yet many common and well-controlled movements (e.g., tracking movements) have irregular velocity profiles with widespread fluctuations. The origin and nature of these fluctuations have been associated with the operation of an intermittent process but in fact remain poorly understood. Here we studied velocity fluctuations during slow movements, using combined experimental and theoretical tools. We recorded arm movement trajectories in a group of healthy participants performing back-and-forth movements at different speeds, and we analyzed velocity profiles in terms of series of segments (portions of velocity between 2 minima). We found that most of the segments were smooth (i.e., corresponding to a biphasic acceleration) and had constant duration irrespective of movement speed and linearly increasing amplitude with movement speed. We accounted for these observations with an optimal feedback control model driven by a staircase goal position signal in the presence of sensory noise. Our study suggests that one and the same control process can explain the production of fast and slow movements, i.e., fast movements emerge from the immediate tracking of a global goal position and slow movements from the successive tracking of intermittently updated intermediate goal positions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show in experiments and modeling that slow movements could result from the brain tracking a sequence of via points regularly distributed in time and space. Accordingly, slow movements would differ from fast movement by the nature of the guidance and not by the nature of control. This result could help in understanding the origin and nature of slow and segmented movements frequently observed in brain disorders.
Genistein Prevents Development of Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Hen Model
Authors: Sahin Kazim , Yenice Engin , Bilir Birdal , Orhan Cemal , Tuzcu Mehmet , Sahin Nurhan , Ozercan Ibrahim H. , Kabil Nashwa , Ozpolat Bulent , Kucuk Omer 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Genistein, the major isoflavone in soybean, has been reported to exert anticancer effects on various types of cancer including ovarian cancer; however, its chemopreventive effects and mechanisms of action in ovarian cancer have not been fully elucidated in spontaneously developing ovarian cancer models. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive effects and mechanisms of genistein in the laying hen model that develops spontaneous ovarian cancer at high incidence rates. Laying hens were randomized to three groups: control (3.01 mg/hen, n = 100), low (52.48 mg/hen n = 100), and high genistein supplementation (106.26 mg/hen/day; per group). At the end of 78 weeks, hens were euthanized and ovarian tumors were collected and analyzed. We observed that genistein supplementation significantly reduced the ovarian tumor incidence (P = 0.002), as well as the number and size of the tumors (P = 0.0001). Molecular analysis of the ovarian tumors revealed that genistein downregulated serum malondialdehyde, a marker for oxidative stress and the expression of NFκB and Bcl-2, whereas it upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and Bax expression at protein level in ovarian tissues. Moreover, genistein intake decreased the activity of mTOR pathway as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K1, and 4E-BP1. Taken together, our findings strongly support the potential of genistein in the chemoprevention of ovarian cancer and highlight the effects of the genistein on the molecular pathways involved in ovarian tumorigenesis.
IL2/Anti-IL2 Complex Combined with CTLA-4, But Not PD-1, Blockade Rescues Antitumor NK Cell Function by Regulatory T-cell Modulation
Authors: Caudana Pamela , Núñez Nicolas Gonzalo , De La Rochere Philippe , Pinto Anaïs , Denizeau Jordan , Alonso Ruby , Niborski Leticia Laura , Lantz Olivier , Sedlik Christine , Piaggio Eliane 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
High-dose IL2 immunotherapy can induce long-lasting cancer regression but is toxic and insufficiently efficacious. Improvements are obtained with IL2/anti-IL2 complexes (IL2Cx), which redirect IL2 action to CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of combining IL2Cx with blockade of inhibitory immune pathways. In an autochthonous lung adenocarcinoma model, we show that the IL2Cx/anti–PD-1 combination increases CD8+ T-cell infiltration of the lung and controls tumor growth. In the B16-OVA model, which is resistant to checkpoint inhibition, combination of IL2Cx with PD-1 or CTLA-4 pathway blockade reverses that resistance. Both combinations work by reinvigorating exhausted intratumoral CD8+ T cells and by increasing the breadth of tumor-specific T-cell responses. However, only the IL2Cx/anti–CTLA-4 combination is able to rescue NK cell antitumor function by modulating intratumoral regulatory T cells. Overall, association of IL2Cx with PD-1 or CTLA-4 pathway blockade acts by different cellular mechanisms, paving the way for the rational design of combinatorial antitumor therapies.
A combination of serum anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody titer and Kyoto classification score could provide a more accurate diagnosis of H pylori
Authors: Nishizawa Toshihiro , Sakitani Kosuke , Suzuki Hidekazu , Yamakawa Tadahiro , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Yamamichi Nobutake , Watanabe Hidenobu , Seto Yasuyuki , Koike Kazuhiko , Toyoshima Osamu 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundWe previously showed that the endoscopic Kyoto classification for gastritis could predict Helicobacter pylori infection in individuals with a high negative titer of serum anti‐H pylori antibodies. This study evaluated H pylori infection and the Kyoto classification score in patients with a low negative titer (<3 U/ml), high negative titer (3–9.9 U/ml), low positive titer (10–49.9 U/ml), and high positive titer (≥50 U/ml).MethodsSerum antibody levels, Kyoto classification score and histology were investigated in 870 individuals with no history of H pylori‐eradication therapy. Urea breath tests (UBTs) were additionally conducted for patients with a low negative titer and a Kyoto score ≥1 or an antibody titer ≥10 U/ml and a Kyoto score of 0 or 1. UBTs and/or histological studies were conducted for participants with a high negative titer.ResultsFalse diagnoses based on anti‐H pylori antibody titers were observed in 0.3% of the low‐negative‐titer group, 11.7% of the high‐negative‐titer group, 18.9% of the low‐positive‐titer group and 2.2% of the high‐positive‐titer group. Surprisingly, false diagnoses based on antibody titers were noted in 63.2% of patients with a low positive titer and a Kyoto score of 0 and in 62.5% of patients with a high negative titer and a Kyoto score ≥2, respectively.ConclusionsEndoscopic findings could predict false diagnoses determined using serum antibody titers.
SIRT6/HIF-1α axis promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Yang Zhou , Yu Weiping , Huang Renhong , Ye Min , Min Zhijun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
In our previous study, we demonstrated that Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is upregulated and associated with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) progression (Qu et al. in Int J Oncol 50(5):1683–92, 2017). This study examined whether SIRT6 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of papillary thyroid cancer through hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

Methods
SIRT6-upregulated TPC-1 and B-CPAP cells were generated by lentivirus. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence was performed to detect the following EMT associated markers: E-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and TWIST. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8, and cell invasion and migration were detected by transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. HIF-1α expression was further detected by western blotting in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions. A HIF-1α inhibitor was then used to block HIF-1α expression in SIRT6-upregulated PTC cells. The same parameters were then assessed and compared with control HIF-1α cells.

Results
E-cadherin was significantly decreased, whereas Vimentin, Snail, and TWIST were increased in SIRT6-upregulated PTC cells. Additionally, SIRT6 promoted the invasion and migration of PTC cells. We found that SIRT6 enhanced HIF-1α stability and synthesis and prolonged the protein half-life. The changes in the EMT associated markers and in the invasion and migration ability were rescued after inhibition of HIF-1α expression. Furthermore, we found that SIRT6 increased PTC resistance to HIF-1α inhibitor-mediated proliferation changes.

Conclusion
These results confirm that the SIRT6/HIF-1α axis promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression by inducing EMT.
Following in their footsteps: an analysis of the impact of successive migration on rural household welfare in Ghana
Authors: Egger Eva-Maria , Litchfield Julie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe explore patterns of successive migration within rural households in Ghana and the impact that these successive migrants have on household welfare outcomes. Specifically, we use a household panel survey collected in 2013 and 2015. We exploit the panel nature of the data and a weighting method to overcome sources of bias. Welfare is measured with an index of housing quality. We find that successive migrants face lower migration costs, and few of them remit. We find no effect of sending a new migrant on the housing quality index. We conclude that the different nature of migration of successive migrants implies neither an economic gain for the household nor a loss. The reason is that the successive migration becomes less costly for migrants from households with prior migration experience, but at the same time, these migrants remit less or not at all compared to earlier waves of migrants.
Vasopressor Infusion During Prone Spine Surgery and Acute Renal Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Farag Ehab , Makarova Natalya , Argalious Maged , Cywinski Jacek B. , Benzel Edward , Kalfas Iain , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Hypotension is associated with acute kidney injury, but vasopressors used to treat hypotension may also compromise renal function. We therefore tested the hypothesis that vasopressor infusion during complex spine surgery is not associated with impaired renal function.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort analysis, we considered adults who had complex spine surgery between January 2005 and September 2014 at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus. Our primary outcome was postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate. Secondarily, we evaluated renal function using Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. We obtained data for 1814 surgeries, including 689 patients (38%) who were given intraoperative vasopressors infusion for ≥30 minutes and 1125 patients (62%) who were not. Five hundred forty patients with and 540 patients without vasopressor infusions were well matched across 32 potential confounding variables.

RESULTS:
In matched patients, vasopressor infusions lasted an average of 173 ± 100 minutes (SD) and were given a median dose (1st quintile, 3rd quintile) of 3.4-mg (1.5, 6.7 mg) phenylephrine equivalents. Mean arterial pressure and the amounts of hypotension were similar in each matched group. The postoperative difference in mean estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with and without vasopressor infusions was only 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI, −0.6 to 2.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) (P = .28). Intraoperative vasopressor infusion was also not associated with increased odds of augmented acute kidney injury stage.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinicians should not avoid typical perioperative doses of vasopressors for fear of promoting kidney injury. Tolerating hypotension to avoid vasopressor use would probably be a poor strategy.
Perioperative Dextrose Infusion and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Marmolejo-Posso Diana , Stone Alexander , Li Jinlei , Grant Michael C. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Perioperative IV dextrose infusions have been investigated for their potential to reduce the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the use of an intraoperative or postoperative infusion of dextrose for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

METHODS:
Our group searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar for relevant randomized controlled trials examining the use of perioperative IV dextrose for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (both in the postanesthesia care unit and within the first 24 h of surgery). Secondary outcomes included postoperative antiemetic administration and serum glucose level.

RESULTS:
Our search yielded a total of 10 randomized controlled trials (n = 987 patients) comparing the use of a perioperative dextrose infusion (n = 465) to control (n = 522). Perioperative dextrose infusion was not associated with a significant reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting in the postanesthesia care unit (risk ratio = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.73–1.15; P = .44) or within the first 24 h (risk ratio = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.55–1.04; P = .09) of surgery. Although the use of dextrose was associated with a significant reduction in antiemetic administration within the first 24 h (risk ratio = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.45–0.69; P < .001), it also increased postoperative plasma glucose levels compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of perioperative dextrose did not result in a statistically significant association with postoperative nausea and vomiting. When utilized, plasma glucose monitoring is recommended to assess for postoperative hyperglycemia. Further prospective trials are necessary to examine the potential impact of timing of administration of a dextrose infusion on incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and rescue antiemetic requirements.
Speeding the Detection of Vessel Cannulation: An In-Vitro Stimulation Study
Authors: Muffly Matthew K. , Ku Andrew , Drover David R. , Rodriguez Samuel , Caruso Thomas J. , Ku Anne , Tsui Ban C. H. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Some practitioners “prime” small IV angiocatheter needles with 0.9% sodium chloride—claiming this modification speeds visual detection of blood in the angiocatheter flash chamber on vessel cannulation.

METHODS:
We compared the time required for human blood to travel the length of saline-primed and saline-unprimed 24- and 22-gauge angiocatheter needles (Introcan Safety IV Catheter; B. Braun, Bethlehem, PA). A syringe pump (Medfusion 4000, Cary, NC) advanced each angiocatheter needle through the silicone membrane of an IV tubing “t-piece” (Microbore Extension Set, 5 Inch; Hospira, Lake Forest, IL) filled with freshly donated human blood. When the angiocatheter needle contacted the blood, an electrical circuit was completed, illuminating a light-emitting diode. We determined the time from light-emitting diode illumination to visual detection of blood in the flash chamber by video review. We tested 105 saline-primed angiocatheters and 105 unprimed angiocatheters in the 24- and 22-gauge angiocatheter sizes (420 catheters total). We analyzed the median time to visualize the flash using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test in R (http://www.R-project.org/). The Stanford University Administrative Panel on Human Subjects in Medical Research determined that this project did not meet the definition of human subjects research and did not require institutional review board oversight.

RESULTS:
In the 24-gauge angiocatheter group, the median (and interquartile range) time for blood to travel the length of the unprimed angiocatheter needle was 1.14 (0.61–1.47) seconds compared with 0.76 (0.41–1.20) seconds in the saline-primed group (P = 0.006). In the 22-gauge catheter group, the median (interquartile range) time for blood to travel the length of the unprimed angiocatheter needle was 1.80 (1.23–2.95) seconds compared with 1.46 (1.03–2.54) seconds in the saline-primed group (P = .046).

CONCLUSIONS:
These results support the notion that priming small angiocatheter needles, in particular 24-gauge catheters, with 0.9% sodium chloride may provide earlier detection of vessel cannulation than with the unprimed angiocatheter.