bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to Azithromycin and β-Lactam Antibiotics by Clinical Isolates of E. coli Isolated from Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Sunjukta , Uddin Mayen , Mandal Juthika , Akhter Marufa Zerin 
Published: January 2019

Antibiotic resistant E. coli are prevalent in Bangladesh. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials and ready availability of over the counter drugs are responsible for this. This study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of clinical Escherichia coli to the antibiotics Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Azithromycin. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine sensitivity to antimicrobials. Agar based assay was employed for the detection of efflux pumps. PCR was used amplify antibiotic resistance genes.All isolates were resistant to Ceftriaxone whereas most were sensitive to Imipenem. The MICs of Ceftazidime and Azithromycin ranged between 128 μg/ml and 256 μg/ml. The prevalence of ²-lactamase producers was 57.89 % with 36.84 % of the isolates exhibiting ESBL activity. No specific correlation could be found between plasmid sizes and antibiotic resistance patterns. Efflux pump was found to be involved in Azithromycin resistance in 63.15% of the isolates. The gene for phosphotransferase, mph(A) was the most common among the macrolide modifying genes, being present in 73.68% (14/19) of the isolates followed by both erm(A) anderm(C) esterases each present in 10.53% (2/19) isolates. This study concluded that clinical isolates of E. coli in Bangladesh could be resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics through different mechanisms of resistance.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 61-66
Molecular Characterization of Enterobacter and Escherichia coli Pathotypes Prevalent in the Popular Street Foods of Dhaka City and their Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Hossain Md Belal , Mahbub Nur Dhakirah Binti , Chowdhury Md Miraj Kobad , Rahaman Md Mizanur 
Published: January 2019

Food borne pathogenic enteric bacteria are of great concern for global public health. Among them, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. are the most prevalent in the street food. In this study, 23 strains of such enteric bacteria were isolated from multiple food samples by conventional cultural technique. Isolated strains were characterized molecularly into different genotypes using RAPD, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. RAPD represents 10 different types of strains whereas ARDRA clusters them into two separate groups. 16 out of the 23 isolates were identified as E. coli and the rest were as Enterobacter spp. by biochemical tests and were further confirmed by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Significant level of virulence traits including stx1, stx2 and escV genes were identified in E. coli strains. Also, most of the isolates were found resistant to azithromycin and amoxicillin. This study revealed the presence of various pathogenic enteric bacteria in various street foods with multidrug resistance. Therefore, this study suggests that people consuming such street foods are at major risk of food borne illness.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 67-72
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Germination, Nodulation and Sporulation of Lentil (Lens culinaris) at Different NaCl Levels
Authors: Rahman M , Ali ME , Alam F , Banu MB , Anik MFA , Bhuiyan MAH 
Published: January 2019

A pot experiment was carried out in the nethouse of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2014-2015 through 2015-2016. The design of the experiment was factorial randomized completely block design with 4 replications. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the potential of Arbuscular mycorrhization (AM) on the germination, nodulation and sporulation of lentil treated with different concentration of NaCl. Five NaCl treatments (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) possessed NaCl level as the first factor that were treated with soils before sowing of lentil seeds pivotal pulse crop in Bangladesh. The second factor consists of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal treatments. Mycorrhizal plants showed better performance in terms of germination (%), nodule number, nodule weight, spore population/100 g soil and root colonization (%) than non-mycorrhizal plants. With increasing NaCl concentration, germination (%), nodule number, nodule weight, spore population/100 g soil and root colonization (%) in the rhizosphere soil, decreased significantly (p<0.01). The highest germination (96.25% in 2014-2015 and 92.50% in 2015-2016), nodule number plant-1 (28.67 in 2014-2015 and 24.34 in 2015-2016), and root colonization (30% in 2014-2015 and 43.34% in 2015-2016) was found in 0% NaCl + AM treatment. The lowest germination%, nodule number plant-1 and root colonization% was found in 4% NaCl treatment. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased germination on an average by 9.68% during 2014-2015 and 11.07% during 2015-2016, and increased root colonization on an average by 40.47% during 2014-2015 and 25.14% during 2015-2016 over non-mycorrhizal inoculation. The study clearly indicates that mycorrhizal inoculation could reduce the harmful effects of NaCl toxicity to the host plants, thus increase plant survival allowing the plants growth under extreme condition. Increased overall absorption capacity, absorption surface area and longevity of absorbing roots elevated NaCl concentration in soils resulting detoxify the environment for plant growth.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 73-81
Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp. in Poultry and Approach for Its Indigenous Bio-control
Authors: Hossain Farzana Ehetasum , Akther Sharmin , Tajalli Atqiya Fahmida 
Published: January 2019

A significant limitation to flourish poultry industry in Bangladesh is the emergence of multidrug resistance pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella spp. due to uncontrolled use of antibiotics for disease treatment. An alternative to antibiotics could be the application of probiotics. About 120 cloacal-swabs from poultry birds were investigated, seventy two (72) isolates of Salmonella spp. and twenty two (22) isolates of lactic acid bacteria (out of 50)were identified respectively by cultural, morphological and biochemical tests presumptively. Antibiotic sensitivity test of Salmonella spp. was performed, followed by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assay with six antibiotic groups. All those isolates of Salmonella spp. were found to be highly resistant to â-lactam, cephalosporin, tetracycline and macrolide, highly sensitive to carbapenem and moderately sensitive to aminoglycosides. Then Salmonella spp. were used as a target for the prospective probiotic bacteria which were screened based on antimicrobial activity against those multidrug resistance Salmonella spp. In antagonism assay such as disc diffusion and one-streak method, it was revealed that five lactic acid bacteria showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella spp. Further, lactic acid bacteria were characterized based on their tolerance ability to pH and NaCl, antibiotic susceptibility test. The tolerance range of Lactic acid bacteria was about pH (3.5-9.5), NaCl (4-8) % and also resistant to antibiotics groups like B lactam, aminoglycosides, and quinolone. Then 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis was performed for molecular identification of potential probiotic bacteria. One representative isolate was identified as phylogenetically closed relative to Pediococcus acidilactici. This study was able to demonstrate that Pediococcus acidilactici as anindigenous probiotic candidate to inhibit the growth of isolated multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in poultry. The potent probiotic candidate Pediococcus sp. could be used to counter bacterial diseases in poultry, thereby it could ensure food safety in the poultry industries of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 83-90
Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamaldehyde and Carvacrol against Foodborne Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria
Authors: Saha Shikha Rani , Bari ML , Inatsu Y , Kawampto S , Hoque Md Mahfuzul 
Published: January 2019

The excessive use of chemical preservatives is a serious problem worldwide, which necessitates the discovery of new classes of antimicrobials from other sources like herbs and spices for preservation of food and/or food products. In this study, antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) such as cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol were tested against four foodborne pathogens viz Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Shigella dysenteriae-I MJ-84, Escherichia soli ATCC 25922, Vibrio cholerae ATCC 6395 and two food spoilage bacteria viz Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Klebsiella rhizophila ATCC 13882, respectively, using disc diffusion method. These EOs were found to inhibit both categories of bacteria. Cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol showed maximum 30.0 ± 0.2 and 27.5 ± 0.5 zones of inhibition, respectively against S. aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found resistant against carvacrol. Cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol was determined. Both showed antibacterial activity after treatment at 100°C for 30 min suggesting that high temperature does not affect the activity. Both the EOs have a broad pH range and exhibited highest activity at pH 7.0, suggesting that they remain un-dissociated at pH change. The MIC and MBC values of cinnamaldehyde ranged between 0.125 and .0 %, and 0.25 and 2.0 %, respectively and MIC and MBC values of carvacrol ranged between 0.125 and 0.5%, and 0.25 and 1.0 %, respectively. The results of this study confirmed the possibility of using cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol in preventing the growth of foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria and extend the shelf life of foods.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 91-96
Microbiological Analysis of Poultry Feeds Along with the Demonstration of the Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Isolates and the Antibacterial Activity of the Feeds
Authors: Roy Chanda Rani , Ahmed Tasnia , Uddin Md Aftab 
Published: January 2019

Poultry farms and poultry product processing industries are increasing worldwide to fill up the expanding demand for protein of the escalating population. To get good growth and more eggs from the domestic birds in the poultry farms, nutritious food supplements are commonly known as the poultry feed provided. These feeds also serve as sources of bacterial, fungal and viral contamination which in turn can cause diseases in the birds and ultimately can infect the consumers if the poultry is not processed and cooked properly. In this study, in order to determine the pathogenic bacterial load five different poultry feed samples sold in local markets of Dhaka city were analyzed. All samples harbored total viable bacteria up to 5.0×106 cfu/gm and total fungal count up to 4.5×105 cfu/gm. While Escherichia coli was absent in all samples; Klebsiella spp. and Aeromonas spp. were found to be present in only one sample (1.4×106 cfu/gm in sample 4 and 2.9×105 cfu/gm in sample 5 respectively). Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella spp. were found to be predominat in all the samples. Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were present in 3 and 4 samples, respectively. Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% drug resistance towards ER, NA, NVB, KAN antibiotics. The finding of the study emphasis on the prevention of contamination through a sound maintenance of quality during poultry feeds preparation, storage and maintenance. Diseased birds and their excreta must be destroyed during poultry farming. Usage of excess antibiotics must be regulated as suggested from the data of the current study that shows high resistance of the bacterial isolates from the food. Finally, the consumers should process and cook the poultry items properly to save themselves from further food hazards.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 103-107
Biocontrol of Foot and Root Rot Disease of Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) by Dual Inoculation with Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
Authors: Rahman M , Ali ME , Alam F , Banu MB , Faruk MI , Bhuiyan MAH 
Published: January 2019

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium (R) on plant growth and their biocontrol against grasspea foot and root rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. The bio-control potential of these bio-agents against foot and root rot pathogen was carried out under pot culture condition using AMF alone or in combination with rhizobial inoculum in the nethouse of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2014-2015 through 2015-2016. The experiment was designed in RCBD with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Grasspea variety BARI Khesari-1 was used as a test crop. Peat based rhizobial inoculum (BARI RLs-10) was used in this experiment @ 50 g kg-1 seed. The AM fungi used in this experiment were Glomus fusianum, Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus warcuppi, Acaulospora foveata, Acaulospora denticulate, Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora rosea, Glomus spp. etc. Soil based AM inoculum containing about approximate 252 spores and infected root pieces of the host plant was used pot-1. There were eight treatments viz. T1: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), T2: Rhizobium, T3: AM + Rhizobium, T4: Sclerotium rolfsii, T5: Sclerotium rolfsii + AM, T6: Sclerotium rolfsii + Rhizobium, T7: Sclerotium rolfsii + AM + Rhizobium and T8: Control. Dual inoculation (AM + Rhizobium) increased 20-25% germination, 50-100% seed yield and 36-98% stover yield compared to control. Dual inoculation reduced 44-48% foot and root rot disease compared to control. On the contrary, Sclerotium rolfsii + Rhizobium, Sclerotium rolfsii + AM, and Sclerotium rolfsii + AM + Rhizobium reduced 12-17%, 16-20% and 28-31% foot and root rot disease, respectively compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii trearment. Therefore, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species and its combination with rhizobial inoculum were significant both in the formation and effectiveness of AM symbiosis and the reduction of foot and root rot incidence in grasspea plants. Use of these bio-control agents could be promoted as an active component of bio-intensive Integrated Disease Management Program (IDMP) under organic mode.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 109-117
La Cartopartie, une nouvelle forme de balade urbaine déployée par les villes
Authors: l’Her Gwendoline , Servières Myriam , Siret Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Une cartopartie est une balade urbaine qui vise à arpenter une zone géographique à plusieurs, afin de produire des données géo-référencées. Cet atelier initié par la communauté OpenStreetMap est actuellement approprié par des collectivités au sein de dispositifs de participation habitante qui mettent en œuvre des technologies numériques : métrologie citoyenne sur la qualité de l’air, sur l’environnement sonore, inventaire d’arbres remarquables, recensement des services d’hyperproximité. Les démarches étudiées dans cet article ont été menées sur les villes de Pornichet, Nantes et Rennes. À travers une analyse croisée, on s’attache à tracer les contours de cette forme de balade urbaine collective « cartopartie » et notamment à montrer comment les acteurs urbains articulent les espaces numériques avec les ateliers présentiels. Enfin on s’intéresse à comment cet ensemble hybride est pratiqué par les participants.
D’une conception informée par des données à la généralisation des systèmes cyber-physiques
Authors: Marin Philippe 
Published: January 2019

Notre époque est marquée par l’utilisation des technologies numériques et nos modes de compréhension du monde sont modifiés. Ces nouveaux modes opératoires bouleversent les champs de la conception, de la création et de la fabrication. En considérant l’application des technologies de l’information à l’architecture, nous nous proposons d’identifier les évolutions récentes en matière d’architecture numérique en identifiant différentes formes d’hybridation des réalités physiques et numériques. Nous relevons d’une part le basculement de l’activité de conception vers une métaconception, et d’autre part une reconfiguration des savoirs dans une dynamique transdisciplinaire. Ainsi nous retenons deux principales activités, l’une mobilisant une instrumentation de la conception informée par des données, l’autre portant sur la conception d’environnements et de systèmes cyber-physiques. Nous cherchons à montrer quelles pourraient être les composantes d’une « écologie générale » qui permettrait de reconsidérer le rapport entre nature et technique, revisiter les couplages entre agents humains et non humains et identifier le renforcement d’une relation espace-temps-information.
La Mesure de l’humain. Objets, pratiques et logiques numériques pour le réaménagement d’une place parisienne.
Authors: Zaza Ornella 
Published: January 2019

En s’appuyant une ethnographie de trois ans réalisée au sein d’une collectivité territoriale, l’article propose d’interroger l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques numériques dans les opérations de réaménagement urbain. À travers la mise en place de « démonstrateurs de la smart city », l’espace public devient le terrain d’expérimentation de nouvelles solutions numériques à commercialiser, tant pour les acteurs publics que privés. Le récit sur la ville, qui résulte de ces démonstrateurs urbains, risque d’aplatir la conception phénoménologique de l’espace public : tout en cherchant à atteindre une approche qualitative, il en résulte que l’emploi des objets et des logiques du numérique pour le réaménagement urbain peut reconduire, non sans controverses, à un nouveau fonctionnalisme humaniste, qui réduit souvent la présence humaine en ville à des catégories génériques, rigides et préconçues.
Matérialités instables, Temporalités complexes. Stimulantes schizophrénies numériques
Authors: Doutriaux Emmanuel 
Published: January 2019

Il est ici traité de la conception du projet – sur l’usage des outils collaboratifs de modélisation –, en partant de l’expérience de l’agence d’architecture de Philippe Gazeau, qui aura vécu le passage du travail à la main, à la Cao, et au Bim. « Si avec cet environnement tu gagnes du temps, tu en donnes aussi davantage – confient les architectes ». Ce hiatus apparent est ici questionné. Quand d’une part, à force d’être sujet à information amont, le projet aurait tendance à déserter sa nature flottante de cosa mentale, pour basculer très vite dans des formalisations triviales, d’un autre point de vue, l’accroissement des données et l’interopérabilité des formats permettraient, en engageant le projet dans le champ de simulations infinies, à surseoir à toute stabilité objective. Comment penser ces temporalités antagonistes ? Que dire des états matériels auxquelles elles engagent ?
Urbanismo de marca e lugares de adoração. Reflexões a partir de uma viagem a Lisboa
Authors: Ignacio Samuel Fernández 
Published: January 2019

El marketing ha reducido a mercancía el mundo religioso. Por otro lado, los discursos publicitarios han difundido una ideología que sacraliza el rol que juegan los productos dentro de las prácticas rituales de la vida cotidiana. Las mercancías culturales permiten a los individuos distinguirse en sus elecciones de consumo, confeccionando un corpus de creencias y valores que configuran formas alternativas de experimentar lo religioso al margen de las iglesias. El presente artículo explora las posibles semejanzas que se pueden dar entre : 1) las lógicas que guían la producción simbólica de los escenarios urbanos del capitalismo avanzado y 2) las que habitualmente se relacionan con la experiencia de lo sagrado.
Disputa identitária em torno do conceito de autenticidade : Uma análise a partir do caso da cultura bretã (França)
Authors: Aguiar Luciana de Araujo 
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article je souhaite comprendre les positionnements des acteurs insérés dans l’univers de la culture traditionnelle bretonne et leur prise de position par rapport à l’authenticité des aspects culturels bretons. Dans le milieu de la culture traditionnelle bretonne il y a une variété d’acteurs qui existent et coexistent avec des dispositions différenciées. Ces acteurs se positionnement par référence à l’authenticité des origines et l’inauthenticité d’une exploitation commerciale ou médiatique de leurs pratiques. Les disputes autour de l’authenticité des pratiques culturelles bretonnes font sens pour tous les acteurs, qui ont tous à se définir par rapport à elle pour légitimer les rapports entre eux. Cet article montrera les discours d’authentification de la culture bretonne, et tout en particulier, les représentations autour des pratiques d’authenticité à propos de la musique bretonne. À partir d’une recherche à la fois ethnographique et théorique, j’envisage d’analyser les disputes identitaires autour du concept d’authenticité à partir de l’analyse de la culture traditionnelle bretonne.
Uma hipertrofia do presente : Do trabalho e das situações de trabalho numa organização start-up
Authors: Coelho João Vasco 
Published: January 2019

O universo start-up tem vindo a ser apresentado, em termos públicos, mediáticos e políticos, como uma possível nova via para o crescimento económico português. A referência a uma organização start-up define, no presente, uma amenidade, uma platitude, correlativa do louvor dos seus méritos como factos consumados. Perspetivas alternativas deste fenómeno são pouco frequentes ou pouco visíveis. O presente artigo equaciona as implicações da natureza temporária de uma organização start-up, apresentando os resultados de uma pesquisa longitudinal concretizada num contexto organizacional específico. Partindo da análise apresentada, sugere-se que as situações concretas de trabalho numa organização start-up são potencialmente enformadas por atributos socioculturais particulares, decorrentes de uma conceção e de um uso particular do tempo : a impermanência normativa, o foco concedido à ação, a secundarização do conflito, o fervor finito da experiência vivida.
Posthumain et réception, de The Tempest à Westworld
Authors: Lemonnier-Texier Delphine 
Published: January 2019

Par le processus d’identification, le spectateur se trouve comme en immersion dans l’univers fictionnel, dont il fait l’expérience en même temps que le personnage ; c’est ce processus de compagnonnage avec le personnage qui définit la posture de réception implicite inscrite dans le texte du récit télévisuel. Lorsque l’univers fictionnel est posthumain, la fiction met en scène la question du statut ontologique du robot et la nature de la relation qui s’établit entre lui et le personnage humain, en jouant sur des effets de « vallée de l’étrange » entre les différents niveaux du récit télévisuel, par le biais du ressort narratif de l’empathie. L’utilisation de l’ironie dramatique et de l’empathie dans Westworld révèlent plusieurs niveaux possibles de lecture de l’intertexte shakespearien, qui permet ici de revisiter en profondeur les ressorts narratifs de la réception du posthumain.
Le sexe sans le sexe : convergence de la nudité frontale et de l’empowerment féminin dans Westworld
Authors: Campion Benjamin 
Published: January 2019

Par son recours intensif à la nudité (plus ou moins) frontale et son inscription dans un genre patriarcal aussi codifié que le western, on pourrait présumer que la série de HBO Westworld (2016-) prend au pied de la lettre la réputation sulfureuse de son diffuseur et se sert des largesses censoriales offertes au câble premium américain pour mimer voire dupliquer les conventions formelles du cinéma pornographique soft. Or, l’analyse du destin bouleversé de ses deux héroïnes, Dolores Abernathy et Maeve Millay, nous révèle un rapport beaucoup plus conscient à la représentation sexuelle telle que peut l’accueillir une chaîne adulte comme HBO. En liant narrativement, mais surtout formellement, nudité frontale et empowerment féminin, Westworld reconfigure l’imagerie traditionnelle du sexe sans verser dans la fausse pudeur ni dans la provocation à outrance. La série permet au contraire à HBO d’asseoir son ambition d’ouvrir une troisième voie : celle d’un art télévisuel hardcore considérant le sexe comme une composante naturelle de son expression hebdomadaire.