bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Physician Gender Impact the Clinical Productivity and Salaries of Obstetrician-Gynecologists?
Authors: Zhang Cindy Y. , Cole Diane M. , Adams Marci G. , Silver Richard K. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Male medical student interest in the field of obstetrics-gynecology has
significantly decreased in the last three decades. A perceived patient preference for female obstetrician-
gynecologists (Ob-Gyn) and subsequent gender differences in clinical productivity and compensation
may influence this trend.

Objective:
To explore how provider gender affects clinical productivity and salary among obstetrics-
gynecology generalists.

Methods:
An analysis of productivity and salary data for generalist Ob-Gyns employed by an academic
integrated health system was performed. Gross charges, net collections, physician payroll
information, work relative value units (wRVUs), new and existing patient encounter volumes and
clinical full-time equivalent (FTE) status were compared year over year by physician gender using a
repeated measures ANOVA test.

Results:
On average, male providers earned a numerically higher salary in each year studied,
but when the entire timeframe was evaluated, there was no significant difference in salary nor
total productivity between women and men (p=0.19 and 0.15, respectively). There was a gender
difference in how total productivity was achieved, with women seeing twice as many new patients
(p= 0.0025), and men achieving higher average wRVUs per patient encounter (p=0.02).

Conclusions:
There was no significant difference in total productivity and there was no significant
difference in salaries between male and female Ob-Gyns. However, there were differences in the
type of care that contributed to productivity by gender. Female providers saw a higher proportion of
new patient encounters, while male providers accrued a higher wRVU per encounter, likely as a
result of higher procedure volumes. These findings are an encouraging sign that men are not disadvantaged
in terms of productivity in obstetrics-gynecology and that compensation models such as
the one in this system can promote fair payment in mixed-gender physician groups.</P>
Determination of Menbutone Residues in Edible Swine Tissues Based on Solid-Phase Extraction and RP-HPLC
Authors: Zhou Liya , Zhang Ping , Liu Jiangbo , Wu Xiaobo , Luo Lei , Xu Xingran , Luo Yonghuang 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Menbutone is widely used as a veterinary choleretic drug in many countries.
There was no publicly available analysis method for the determination of menbutone residues in swine
tissues. It is necessary to establish a method to control the maximum residue limit and ensure food
safety of the public.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to establish an analytical method for the simultaneous determination
of menbutone in muscle, fat, liver and kidney tissues from swine.

Methods:
MBT residue was extracted by acetonitrile from the tissues then purified by using a C18 solid
phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and an alkaline alumina (ALA) SPE cartridge. MBT was detected by
RP-HPLC and separation was achieved on a Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 HPLC column using phosphoric
acid solution (0.5%, v/v) and acetonitrile (45/55, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was
monitored at 235 nm, and the column temperature was set to 30°C.

Results:
MBT eluted at 6.3 min and no interfering peak nearby was observed. This linearity within the
concentration range of 0.02 (LOQ) and 12 µg/mL (r2>0.9999, n=6). The accuracy ranged from 74.07 to
110.83% of the actual values. Intra and inter-day precision were within 15.11%. In the application
study, MBT was detectable in continuously dosing MBT 10 µg/g/day to healthy swine for 7 days.

Conclusion:
The proposed method has specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity, with an excellent linear
relationship that successfully applied to swine tissues.
New Amino-steroid-anthracenone with Biological Activity Against Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in a Wistar Rat Model
Authors: Lauro Figueroa-Valverde , Marcela Rosas-Nexticapa , Virginia Mateu-Armand , Socorro Herrera-Meza , Francisco Díaz-Cedillo , Elizabeth Montano-Tapia , Elodia García-Cervera , Eduardo Pool-Gómez , Lenin Hau-Heredia , Rolando García-Martínez , Maria Lopez-Ramos , Regina Cauich-Carrillo , Perla Parra-Galindo 
Published: October 2018

Objective:The main objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of an ASA (Amino-Steroid-Anthracenone derivative) against heart failure caused by the ischemia- reperfusion injury (translated as infarct area).Methods:Biological activity exerted by ASA (0.001-100 nM) on infarct area was determined using an ischemia-reperfusion injury model. In addition, to characterize the molecular mechanism involved in the effect exerted by ASA on left ventricular pressure, some drugs such as estrone (0.001-100 nM), tamoxifen (1 nM), butoxamine (1 nM) and ZM-241385 (1 nM) were used.Results:The experimental data showed that ASA decreased the infarction area significantly (p= 0.05) compared to estrone. Other results indicated that ASA decreased left ventricular pressure and this effect was inhibited by ZM-241385. In addition, ASA increased cAMP levels in a time-dependent manner compared to control conditions.Conclusion:The results showed that ASA decreases ischemia-reperfusion injury (translated as infarct area)viaA2adenosine receptor activation and these phenomena involve changes in cAMP levels.
Correlations between Capsular Changes and ROM Restriction in Frozen Shoulder Evaluated by Plain MRI and MR Arthrography
Authors: Kanazawa Kenji , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Suzuki Kazuaki , Koide Masashi , Ando Akira , Yabe Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Evaluation of the Range Of Motion (ROM) is one of the important procedures for shoulder disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between capsular changes and ROM restrictions evaluated by both plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Arthrography (MRA) in the same patients with frozen shoulder.

Methods:
Between March 2015 and June 2016, 24 patients with frozen shoulders (13 male and 11 female patients, mean age 60.5) with severe ROM restriction who underwent both MRI and MRA on the same affected side were evaluated. We evaluated 1) ROM, 2) the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) thickness, 3) the joint capsule thickness in the axillary recess (humeral and glenoid sides), 4) the area of the axillary recess, and 5) the capsular area of the axillary recess.

Results:
Positive correlations were found between the axillary area and forward flexion (FF) (R = 0.43, P = 0.035), lateral elevation (LE) (R = 0.66, P<0.001), external rotation (ER)(R = 0.43, P = 0.035), 90° abduction with external rotation (AER)(R = 0.56, P = 0.004), and hand behind the back (HBB)(R = 0.6, P = 0.002) on MRA. Negative correlations were found between the joint capsule at the glenoid side and ER and HBB in both MRI and MRA.

Conclusion:
The axillary area was significantly correlated with ROM restriction in FF, LE, ER, AER, and HBB on MRA. Thickness of the joint capsule at the glenoid side is an important factor for ROM restriction in frozen shoulder.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3, Study of Diagnostic Test.
Visual Social Media Use Moderates the Relationship between Initial Problematic Internet Use and Later Narcissism
Authors: Reed Phil , Bircek Nazli I. , Osborne Lisa A. , Viganò Caterina , Truzoli Roberto 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Little is known about the temporal directionality of relationships between problematic internet use and personality disorders such as narcissism.

Objective:
Although these two constructs are related at a single time, no existent study has determined whether initial problematic internet use is more strongly associated with subsequent narcissism, or vice versa. So, the aim of the research is to verify if problematic internet use predicts the narcissism or vice versa.

Methods:
Seventy-four university student participants were studied over a four-month period, and completed the Narcissism Personality Inventory, and Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, at baseline and follow-up.

Results:
The results demonstrated a relationship between problematic internet use and narcissism at baseline. Time-lagged correlations demonstrated that problematic internet use at baseline was positively related to narcissism four-months later, but not vice versa for social media users whose use was primarily visual. This relationship did not hold for social media users whose use was primarily verbal.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that problematic internet use may serve to discharge narcissistic personality traits for those who use social media in a visual way, but not for those who do not engage in that form of internet use.
The Challenge of Genome Sequence Assembly
Authors: Collins Andrew 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Although whole genome sequencing is enabling numerous advances in many fields achieving complete chromosome-level sequence assemblies for diverse species presents difficulties. The problems in part reflect the limitations of current sequencing technologies. Chromosome assembly from ‘short read’ sequence data is confounded by the presence of repetitive genome regions with numerous similar sequence tracts which cannot be accurately positioned in the assembled sequence. Longer sequence reads often have higher error rates and may still be too short to span the larger gaps between contigs.

Objective:
Given the emergence of exciting new applications using sequencing technology, such as the Earth BioGenome Project, it is necessary to further develop and apply a range of strategies to achieve robust chromosome-level sequence assembly. Reviewed here are a range of methods to enhance assembly which include the use of cross-species synteny to understand relationships between sequence contigs, the development of independent genetic and/or physical scaffold maps as frameworks for assembly (for example, radiation hybrid, optical motif and chromatin interaction maps) and the use of patterns of linkage disequilibrium to help position, orient and locate contigs.

Results and Conclusion:
A range of methods exist which might be further developed to facilitate cost-effective large-scale sequence assembly for diverse species. A combination of strategies is required to best assemble sequence data into chromosome-level assemblies. There are a number of routes towards the development of maps which span chromosomes (including physical, genetic and linkage disequilibrium maps) and construction of these whole chromosome maps greatly facilitates the ordering and orientation of sequence contigs.
Nocturnal Blood Pressure Decrease in Hypertensive Patients and Normotensives- Association with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Renal Function
Authors: Hornstrup Bodil G. , Rosenbaek Jeppe B. , Hoffmann-Petersen Nikolai , Gjoerup Pia H. , Wessels Jost , Lauridsen Thomas G. , Pedersen Erling B. , Bech Jesper N. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Blunted nocturnal Blood Pressure (BP) decrease is seen in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The influence of OSA and renal function on nocturnal BP decrease is not fully clarified.Objective:In this case control study of hypertensive patients and healthy controls, we aimed to analyse the relationship between nocturnal BP decrease on one hand and presence of OSA, renal function, plasma levels of syndecan and vasoactive hormones, and urinary sodium excretion on the other.Methods:In 75 hypertensive patients and 56 controls, we performed brachial and central 24h ambulatory BP measurement and cardio respiratory monitoring. We measured syndecan, renin, angiotensinII, aldosterone, vasopressin, and brain natriuretic peptide in plasma and 24h urinary excretion of sodium, aquaporin2, and a component of the epithelial sodium channel (u-ENaCγ).Results:Nocturnal BP decrease was lower in patients than controls, brachial (13% versus 17%,p=0.001) and central (8% versus 10%,p=0.019). Moderate-to-severe OSA was present in 13% of patients, 2% of controls (p<0.005). Neither brachial nor central nocturnal BP decrease was associated with OSA, renal function, plasma levels of vasoactive hormones, syndecan-1, or urinary sodium excretion. P-syndecan and u-ENaCɣ were higher in patients than controls.Conclusion:Both brachial and central nocturnal BP decrease was lower in patients than in controls. Neither brachial nor central nocturnal BP decrease was associated with the presence of OSA, renal function, or plasma levels of vasoactive hormones. Increased syndecan in plasma in hypertensive patients suggested damage to the endothelial glycocalyx.
Design and Implementation of a Real-time Publish/Subscribe Middleware
Authors: Zheng Pengyi 
Published: October 2018

Background:Middleware has been widely adopted as an efficient approach to facilitate the development process of large-scale distributed systems. Although this approach can achieve simplified system design and reduced time consumption, it has a strong demand for real-time task processing and data transmitting. Traditional middleware, which lacks the real-time performance guarantee mechanism, cannot be adopted by the distributed systems with strict time restrictions.Methods:In order to meet the real-time requirements of distributed systems, the functional requirements of middleware are studied, and a real-time publish/subscribe middleware is designed and implemented in this paper. A hierarchical design is adopted to build this middleware from a model layer, a communication layer and a support layer. The middleware has the data synchronization on distributed objects, Ethernet-based publish/subscribe mechanism and the real-time performance guarantee mechanism.Results:Experiments show that the proposed middleware satisfies the needs of distributed applications, and ensures that the end-to-end data communication delay is less than 1 millisecond, which meets the real-time requirements of data transmission in distributed systems.Conclusion:In this paper, we design and implement a real-time middleware based on the publish/ subscribe mechanism.
Railway Towns: a Long-term Global Perspective
Authors: Cuéllar Domingo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Railway towns, in their essence, are a specific evolution of the system of company towns, which disseminated during the 19th and 20th centuries. These company towns were characterised by communities of workers employed by the same company or group of companies, which owned the houses and infrastructures and exerted some sort of control over the town’s economic and social living. The model of a garden-city, under which most of the examples studied were developed, was the most common, although not the only one. Despite the relevance of these processes, there are no papers that analyse them in a global perspective and in the long run, but only studies that focus on particular cases with barely any contextualisation. Lest we forget that railway towns grew in tandem with the rail networks all over the world, from the most industrialised and populated areas to the new regions targeted for colonisation. In order to overcome this set of isolated reports of individual railway towns, in this paper, I group the most significant references and studies about railway towns created by different companies in different countries to propose a broader interpretation of the overall phenomenon. Amidst the features intended to be analysed, I highlight the origin and nature of these towns, their forms and urban structures, the most notable case studies, and their future as industrial heritage (questioning the reasons for the current status of the towns, some devoid of their railway functions, others with a lesser presence of the railway, and others almost depopulated).
Changes in Muscle Stiffness of the Trapezius Muscle after Application of Ischemic Compression into Myofascial Trigger Points in Professional Basketball Players
Authors: Kisilewicz Aleksandra , Janusiak Marcin , Szafraniec Rafał , Smoter Małgorzata , Ciszek Bogdan , Madeleine Pascal , Fernández-de-Las-Peñas César , Kawczyński Adam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the effects of compression trigger point therapy on the stiffness of the trapezius muscle in professional basketball players (Part A), and the reliability of the MyotonPRO device in clinical evaluation of athletes (Part B). Twelve professional basketball players participated in Part A of the study (mean age: 19.8 ± 2.4 years, body height 197 ± 8.2 cm, body mass: 91.8 ± 11.8 kg), with unilateral neck or shoulder pain at the dominant side. Part B tested twelve right-handed male athletes (mean ± SD; age: 20.4 ± 1.2 years; body height: 178.6 ± 7.7 cm; body mass: 73.2 ± 12.6 kg). Stiffness measurements were obtained directly before and after a single session trigger point compression therapy. Measurements were performed bilaterally over 5 points covering the trapezius muscle. The effects were evaluated using a full-factorial repeated measure ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test for equal variance. A p-value < .05 was considered significant. The RM ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in muscle stiffness for the upper trapezius muscle. Specifically, muscle stiffness decreased from 243.7 ± 30.5 to 215.0 ± 48.5 N/m (11.8%), (p = .008) (Part A). The test-retest relative reliability of trapezius muscle stiffness was found to be high (ICC from 0.821 to 0.913 for measurement points). The average SEM was 23.59 N/m and the MDC 65.34 N/m, respectively (Part B). The present study showed that a single session of compression trigger point therapy can be used to significantly decrease the stiffness of the upper trapezius among professional basketball players.
Opening the “Black Box” of Firm De-internationalisation Processes: What Should We Still Know?
Authors: Trąpczyński Piotr 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the paper is to review extant research of firm de-internationalisation processes, considering the changing patterns in international operations, as well as the underlying decision-making logic.

Methodology: The paper draws on two process perspectives in management research to refine the understanding of de-internationalisation process and provide a contribution to this still under-researched area. Contrary to many reviews of international management literature, the paper adopts a deductive analytical approach by applying theory-driven process perspectives to diagnose extant research, identify key developments and research gaps.

Findings: In particular, decision-making processes still require a deeper exploration. The review provides a synthesis of extant knowledge on the antecedents, patterns and outcomes of de-internationalisation processes, which is of particular

Value Added: By applying two different process approaches known from strategic management research, the paper presents a comprehensive review of existing studies, summarising the current stock of knowledge about both patterns of de-internationalisation and the underlying decision-making logic, and indicating certain gaps therein.

Recommendations: The paper ends up with recommendations for future research, which relate to the subject of de-internationalisation processes, i.e. aspects of internationalization strategy which change, as well the nature of the underlying decision-making processes. interest for decision-makers responsible for international expansion.
The formation of loess ground by the process of loessification: a history of the concept
Authors: Smalley Ian , Obreht Igor 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Loessification is a process by which a body of non-loess ground is transformed into a body of loess ground. The history of loessification is one of controversy and confrontation, largely because of mutual misunderstandings between geologists and pedologists. Lev S. Berg is the ‘only begetter’ of the theory, first proposed in 1916, and propagated throughout his life. R.J. Russell proposed the same approach to the loess in the Lower Mississippi valley in his famous 1944 paper, which contributed enormously to the study of loess in North America. As understanding of the various processes involved in the formation of loess deposits has developed, a compromise position on loess formation has become possible. The major intrinsic features of loess deposits are the open structure and the collapsibility. It appears that the open structure is caused by aeolian depositional processes and the collapsibility is caused by loessification processes. The compromise was initiated by Marton Pécsi in 1990, He endeavoured to retain a loessification aspect in the study of loess deposits, as the subject appeared to be overwhelmed by the aeolian idea system promoted by geologists; it has been mostly a Central European endeavour. The history of the concept of loessification largely involves (1) its development in Russia, (2) its dissemination and discussion – and attempts at refutation and modification – in the wider world.
Design of Grinding Machine Spindle
Authors: Rudolf Lukas , Fries Jiri , Ucen Oldrich , Kubin Tomas , Kudrna Lukas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
When grinding high demands are usually placed on the geometrical tolerances of the workpiece surface. For this reason, the spindles of the grinding machines are normally designed with requirements for a minimum position change of the grinding disks due to external forces and bending moments. The design theory of these spindles is relatively well elaborated, as it represents the most frequently used solution in practice. However, there are also cases where it is necessary to grind some hard-to-reach areas, using a great ejection of the spindle. In these cases, it is necessary to reassess the required geometrical tolerances with regard to its necessity to comply with the minimal changes in the position of the grinding discs due to the great ejection. Where it is necessary to maintain high geometrical tolerances, it is necessary to ensure a greater rigidity of the spindle. This rigidity is usually improved by increasing its diameter. By doing this we also increase the weight of the spindle that is heavily ejected, and thus its deformation can occur due to gravity forces. That is why it is necessary to analyse the deflection of the spindle depending on its ejection in the course of its design. In the case we increase the diameter of the grinder spindle the possible applicable grinding disc diameter decreases, due to the growing size of its housing. Any grinding of hard-to-reach surfaces is therefore done in particular to improve the quality of the surface with low requirements on the geometrical tolerances. This article deals with the design patterns for a spindle used in axial grinding for inner rotating surfaces. The article contains a spindle design solution and an analysis of its deflections, depending on its ejection, and the size of the passive forces.
Applying Harmonic Analysis in the Measurements of Geometrical Deviations of Crankshafts – Roundness Shapes Analysis
Authors: Nozdrzykowski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article presents measuring procedures and principles of determining deviations of shape and location of the crankshaft main necks assembly axis. We also described mathematical methods of roundness shapes description based on the harmonic analysis theory for the cases when the shaft is set with the external journals in prisms and for the case when the shaft is set on the external front faces in the claws. The results of sample calculations realized on the basis of the proposed mathematical methods have been presented in a form of diagrams of so called amplitude spectrum and in a graphic form of roundness shapes expressed in a polar coordinate system. The procedures described find a practical use during measurements of geometrical deviations of crankshafts realized on the basis of a measuring system with so called flexible support of the measured object.