bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost for locally advanced breast cancer: a prospective study on toxicity and quality of life
Authors: Pasquier David , Le Tinier Florence , Bennadji Raoudha , Jouin Anais , Horn Samy , Escande Alexandre , Tresch Emmanuelle , Chauvet Marie Pierre , Mailliez Audrey , Crop Frederik , Mirabel Xavier , Lartigau Eric 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRadiotherapy after breast conserving surgery and mastectomy with node positive disease has been shown to reduce risk of recurrence and mortality in the treatment of breast cancer. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) after conservative surgery offers several advantages over conventional RT including improved acute and late toxicity and quality of life (QoL). We undertook this study to prospectively evaluate acute (≤90 days after last dose of radiotherapy) and long-term (>90 days) cutaneous, esophageal, and fibrosis toxicity and QoL in breast cancer patients treated by adjuvant IMRT after breast surgery. We included patients with complex volumes for which 3D RT does not allow a good coverage of target volumes and sparing organs at risk. We report here an interim analysis with a median follow-up of 13.1 months (range, 6.5–25.9 months). Most of the acute toxicity was cutaneous (95.9%) and oesophageal (59.6%), and mostly grade 1 and 2. Medium-term cutaneous toxicity rate was 25.6%, and mostly grade 1. Medium-term esophageal toxicity was rare (1.8%). In this series acute oesophageal toxicity was found to be associated with dosimetric factors. QoL was well preserved throughout the study, and aesthetic outcomes were good. Based on these data, tomotherapy may be a favorable alternative to other techniques in patients needing a complex irradiation of the breast and lymph node volumes.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion shifts the equilibrium of amyloid β oligomers to aggregation-prone species with higher molecular weight
Authors: Bannai Taro , Mano Tatsuo , Chen Xigui , Ohtomo Gaku , Ohtomo Ryo , Tsuchida Takeyuki , Koshi-Mano Kagari , Hashimoto Tadafumi , Okazawa Hitoshi , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Tsuji Shoji , Toda Tatsushi , Iwata Atsushi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that atherosclerotic risk factors accelerate the pathological process underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms by which cerebral hypoperfusion may exacerbate AD pathology. We applied bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) to a mice model of AD and evaluated how the equilibrium of amyloid β oligomers respond to hypoperfusion. BCAS accelerated amyloid β (Aβ) convergence to the aggregation seed, facilitating the growth of Aβ plaques, but without changing the total Aβ amount in the brain. Furthermore, Aβ oligomers with high molecular weight increased in the brain of BCAS-operated mice. Considering Aβ is in an equilibrium among monomeric, oligomeric, and aggregation forms, our data suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion after BCAS shifted this equilibrium to a state where a greater number of Aβ molecules participate in Aβ assemblies to form aggregation-prone Aβ oligomers with high molecular weight. The reduced blood flow in the cerebral arteries due to BCAS attenuated the dynamics of the interstitial fluid leading to congestion, which may have facilitated Aβ aggregation. We suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion may accelerate AD by enhancing the tendency of Aβ to become aggregation-prone.
Structural characterization of poly-Si Films crystallized by Ni Metal Induced Lateral Crystallization
Authors: Vouroutzis N. , Stoemenos J. , Frangis N. , Radnóczi G. Z. , Knez D. , Hofer F. , Pécz B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe growth of the poly-Si films was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) after Ni Metal Induced Lateral Crystallization (Ni-MILC) of amorphous Si films at 413 °C. Significant differences in the morphology and the mode of growth of the films were observed, in comparison to films grown at temperatures above 500 °C. It was shown that at 413 °C the Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC), which acts in parallel with the Ni-MILC process at temperatures above 500 °C is suppressed. The suppression of SPC results in substantial change in the mode of growth. The poly-Si film grown at 413 °C consists of whiskers, which can be classified into two categories. Those growing fast along the <111> direction, which were already observed in conventional Ni-MILC above 500 °C and whiskers grown along random crystallographic orientations having significantly slower growth rates. Because of the large difference in growth rates of the whiskers, significant orientation filtering due to growth-velocity competition is observed. The uniform poly-Si films consist of a mixture of fast <111> type whiskers and slow ones, grown in other orientations, resulting in a tweed-like structure.
Regulation of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex composition by the metabolic properties of muscle fibres
Authors: Omairi Saleh , Hau Kwan-Leong , Collins-Hooper Henry , Scott Charlotte , Vaiyapuri Sakthivel , Torelli Silvia , Montanaro Federica , Matsakas Antonios , Patel Ketan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) links the muscle cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and is responsible for force transduction and protects the muscle fibres from contraction induced damage. Mutations in components of the DGC are responsible for muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies. Expression of DGC components have been shown to be altered in many myopathies. In contrast we have very little evidence of whether adaptive changes in muscle impact on DGC expression. In this study we investigated connection between muscle fibre phenotype and the DGC. Our study reveals that the levels of DGC proteins at the sarcolemma differ in highly glycolytic muscle compared to wild-type and that these changes can be normalised by the super-imposition of an oxidative metabolic programme. Importantly we show that the metabolic properties of the muscle do not impact on the total amount of DGC components at the protein level. Our work shows that the metabolic property of a muscle fibre is a key factor in regulating the expression of DGC proteins at the sarcolemma.
Tlr2 Deficiency is Associated with Enhanced Elements of Neuronal Repair and Caspase 3 Activation Following Brain Ischemia
Authors: Gorup Dunja , Škokić Siniša , Kriz Jasna , Gajović Srećko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to apply multimodal in vivo imaging to assess the influence of altered innate immunity on brain repair after ischemic lesion. Tlr2-deficient mice were compared to wild type controls, as they lack Tlr2-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling triggered by postischemic necrosis. The ischemic lesion was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 min, followed by brain imaging and analysis at four time points until 28 days after ischemia. Multimodal in vivo imaging involved a combination of 3 modalities: (1) magnetic resonance imaging by T2-weighted scans to assess brain lesion size, (2) bioluminescence imaging of Gap43-luc/gfp transgenic mice to visualize the axonal remodeling, and (3) caged-luciferin bioluminescence imaging of DEVD-luciferin allowing for visualization of caspase 3 and 7 activity in Gap43-luc/gfp mice. This enabled innovative correlation of the MRI-determined lesion size to photon fluxes obtained by bioluminescence imaging. Our data revealed that following ischemia, Tlr2-deficient mice had higher Gap43 expression and higher levels of caspases 3 and 7 activity, which was accompanied by enhanced levels of synaptic plasticity markers DLG4 and synaptophysin when compared to wild type controls. Altered inflammation in Tlr2-deficient mice was accompanied by enhanced elements of post-stroke repair, in particular during the chronic phase of recovery, but also with delayed final consolidation of the brain lesion.
Memristive characteristic of an amorphous Ga-Sn-O thin-film device
Authors: Sugisaki Sumio , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Uenuma Mutsunori , Nabatame Toshihide , Nakashima Yasuhiko , Imai Takahito , Magari Yusaku , Koretomo Daichi , Furuta Mamoru , Kimura Mutsumi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have found a memristive characteristic of an α-GTO thin-film device. The α-GTO thin-film layer is deposited using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at room temperature and sandwiched between the Al top and bottom electrodes. It is found that the hysteresis loop of the flowing current (I) and applied voltage (V) characteristic becomes larger and stable after the one hundredth cycle. The electrical resistances for the high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS) are clearly different and relatively stable. Based on various analysis, it is suggested that the memristive characteristic is due to the chemical reaction between the SnO2 and SnO blocked by AlOx on the Al bottom electrode. It is marvelous that the memristive characteristic can be realized by such common materials, simple structures, and easy fabrication.
Mieap-induced accumulation of lysosomes within mitochondria (MALM) regulates gastric cancer cell invasion under hypoxia by suppressing reactive oxygen species accumulation
Authors: Okuyama Keiichiro , Kitajima Yoshihiko , Egawa Noriyuki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Ito Kotaro , Aishima Shinichi , Yanagihara Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Tomokazu , Noshiro Hirokazu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMitochondrial quality control (MQC) protects against potentially damaging events, such as excessive generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). We investigated the contribution of the two major MQC processes, namely, mitophagy and Mieap-induced accumulation of lysosomes within mitochondria (MALM), to the response to hypoxia of two human gastric cancer (GC) cell lines. We found that hypoxia increased mtROS generation and cell invasion in 58As9, but not in MKN45, although the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was induced in both cell lines. Colocalisation of lysosomes with mitochondria was found only in hypoxic MKN45 cells, suggesting that hypoxia-induced MQC functions normally in MKN45 but may be impaired in 58As9. Hypoxia did not lead to decreased mitochondrial mass or DNA or altered appearance of autophagosomes, as judged by electron microscopy, suggesting that mitophagy was not induced in either cell line. However, western blot analysis revealed the presence of the MALM-associated proteins Mieap, BNIP3 and BNIP3L, and the lysosomal protein cathepsin D in the mitochondrial fraction of MKN45 cells under hypoxia. Finally, Mieap knockdown in MKN45 cells resulted in increased mtROS accumulation and cell invasion under hypoxia. Our results suggest that hypoxia-induced MALM suppresses GC cell invasion by preventing mtROS generation.
Expression of pathogenesis-related proteins in transplastomic tobacco plants confers resistance to filamentous pathogens under field trials
Authors: Boccardo Noelia Ayelen , Segretin María Eugenia , Hernandez Ingrid , Mirkin Federico Gabriel , Chacón Osmani , Lopez Yunior , Borrás-Hidalgo Orlando , Bravo-Almonacid Fernando Félix 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlants are continuously challenged by pathogens, affecting most staple crops compromising food security. They have evolved different mechanisms to counterattack pathogen infection, including the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. These proteins have been implicated in active defense, and their overexpression has led to enhanced resistance in nuclear transgenic plants, although in many cases constitutive expression resulted in lesion-mimic phenotypes. We decided to evaluate plastid transformation as an alternative to overcome limitations observed for nuclear transgenic technologies. The advantages include the possibilities to express polycistronic RNAs, to obtain higher protein expression levels, and the impeded gene flow due to the maternal inheritance of the plastome. We transformed Nicotiana tabacum plastids to co-express the tobacco PR proteins AP24 and β-1,3-glucanase. Transplastomic tobacco lines were characterized and subsequently challenged with Rhizoctonia solani, Peronospora hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina and Phytophthora nicotianae. Results showed that transplastomic plants expressing AP24 and β-1,3-glucanase are resistant to R. solani in greenhouse conditions and, furthermore, they are protected against P.hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina and P. nicotianae in field conditions under high inoculum pressure. Our results suggest that plastid co- expression of PR proteins AP24 and β-1,3-glucanase resulted in enhanced resistance against filamentous pathogens.
Blockade of integrin α3 attenuates human pancreatic cancer via inhibition of EGFR signalling
Authors: Lee Jungwhoi , Lee Jungsul , Choi Chulhee , Kim Jae Hoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains dismal despite continuous and considerable efforts. Integrins (ITGs) are highly expressed in various malignant cancers. However, very few studies investigated the role of integrin α3 (ITGα3) in malignant cancers. Here, we determined the functional role of ITGα3 in pancreatic cancer. Analysis of public microarray databases and Western blot analysis indicated a unique expression of ITGα3 in human pancreatic cancer. Silencing ITGα3 expression significantly inhibited the viability and migration of human pancreatic cancer cells. Notably, ablation of ITGα3 expression resulted in a significant decrease of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression compared with transfection of control-siRNA through an increased number of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domain protein 1 (LRIG1) expression. In addition, ablating ITGα3 inhibited tumour growth via blockade of EGFR signalling in vivo. Furthermore, the highly expressed ITGα3 led to a poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Our results provide novel insights into ITGα3-induced aggressive pancreatic cancer.
Metabolic adaptations during extreme anoxia in the turtle heart and their implications for ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Bundgaard Amanda , James Andrew M. , Gruszczyk Anja V. , Martin Jack , Murphy Michael P. , Fago Angela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractATP depletion and succinate accumulation during ischemia lead to oxidative damage to mammalian organs upon reperfusion. In contrast, freshwater turtles survive weeks of anoxia at low temperatures without suffering from oxidative damage upon reoxygenation, but the mechanisms are unclear. To determine how turtles survive prolonged anoxia, we measured ~80 metabolites in hearts from cold-acclimated (5 °C) turtles exposed to 9 days anoxia and compared the results with those for normoxic turtles (25 °C) and mouse hearts exposed to 30 min of ischemia. In turtles, ATP and ADP decreased to new steady-state levels during fasting and cold-acclimation and further with anoxia, but disappeared within 30 min of ischemia in mouse hearts. High NADH/NAD+ ratios were associated with succinate accumulation in both anoxic turtles and ischemic mouse hearts. However, succinate concentrations and succinate/fumarate ratios were lower in turtle than in mouse heart, limiting the driving force for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon reoxygenation in turtles. Furthermore, we show production of ROS from succinate is prevented by re-synthesis of ATP from ADP. Thus, maintenance of an ATP/ADP pool and low succinate accumulation likely protects turtle hearts from anoxia/reoxygenation injury and suggests metabolic interventions as a therapeutic approach to limit ischemia/reperfusion injury in mammals.
Clinical Forum Prologue: Speech Sound Disorders in Schools: Who Qualifies?
Authors: Storkel Holly L. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this clinical forum is to provide guidance on which children with speech sound disorders should qualify for services in the public schools. The articles in the forum consider how to define impaired articulation (viewed more broadly as referring to articulation and phonology), adverse effects, and educational performance.

Conclusion
The take-home message across articles is that determining eligibility for speech-language services is complex, requiring a comprehensive understanding of a child's skills with speech sounds but also the impact of their speech errors on written language and social–emotional well-being. These decisions cannot be made quickly with minimal information. Speech-language pathologists may need to advocate for a realistic allotment of time to conduct a comprehensive assessment, including time to think about the results and implications of that assessment.
Polarisation insensitive wavelength de‐multiplexer using arrayed waveguide grating and polarisation rotator/splitter
Authors: Onawa Y. , Okayama H. , Shimura D. , Takahashi H. , Yaegashi H. , Sasaki H. 
Published: February 2019

The authors report the polarisation insensitive operation of an arrayed waveguide grating using a polarisation rotator/splitter (PRS) waveguide device which attains identical wavelength characteristics and optical losses for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarisations. The proposed PRS device is composed of a rib structure waveguide and an asymmetrical directional coupler (ADC). The rib waveguide converts TM fundamental mode to TE first‐order mode. The ADC splits TE first‐order mode into the TE fundamental mode propagating in the sub‐adjacent waveguide. Experimental results confirm that the proposed device operates independently of light polarisations; channel isolation is nearly 20 dB, and no transmission wavelength shift or polarisation dependent loss are observed between TE and TM polarisations.
Three‐state SIW diplexer with independently controllable centre frequencies
Authors: Qu Lili , Zhang Yonghong , Liu Jiawei , Fan Yong 
Published: February 2019

A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) three‐state diplexer (TSD) is proposed in this Letter for the first time. Basically, the TSD operating in three frequency bands integrates three diplexers in three different states on a single circuit. Meanwhile, TE102, TE201 and TE103 modes, investigated in the cavity, are employed to implement and control the three frequency bands. Each state utilises two of them as duplexing channels as well as excites one port as input to implement relevant functions. Owing to the modal orthogonality, high isolation among these channels could be achieved. To further improve design flexibility, a +‐shaped slot, etched on the SIW middle metal surface, is used to control the resonant frequencies independently. To verify, an example SIW TSD has been fabricated and measured, showing good consistency with simulated results.
Generic frequency dependence for the atmospheric tidal torque of terrestrial planets
Authors: Auclair-Desrotour P. , Leconte J. , Mergny C. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Thermal atmospheric tides have a strong impact on the rotation of terrestrial planets. They can lock these planets into an asynchronous rotation state of equilibrium.
Aims. We aim to characterize the dependence of the tidal torque resulting from the semidiurnal thermal tide on the tidal frequency, the planet orbital radius, and the atmospheric surface pressure.
Methods. The tidal torque was computed from full 3D simulations of the atmospheric climate and mean flows using a generic version of the LMDZ general circulation model in the case of a nitrogen-dominated atmosphere. Numerical results are discussed with the help of an updated linear analytical framework. Power scaling laws governing the evolution of the torque with the planet orbital radius and surface pressure are derived.
Results. The tidal torque exhibits (i) a thermal peak in the vicinity of synchronization, (ii) a resonant peak associated with the excitation of the Lamb mode in the high frequency range, and (iii) well defined frequency slopes outside these resonances. These features are well explained by our linear theory. Whatever the star–planet distance and surface pressure, the torque frequency spectrum – when rescaled with the relevant power laws – always presents the same behaviour. This allows us to provide a single and easily usable empirical formula describing the atmospheric tidal torque over the whole parameter space. With such a formula, the effect of the atmospheric tidal torque can be implemented in evolutionary models of the rotational dynamics of a planet in a computationally efficient, and yet relatively accurate way.
The impact of low- versus standard-volume bowel preparation on participation in primary screening colonoscopy: a randomized health services study
Authors: Pisera Małgorzata , Franczyk Robert , Wieszczy Paulina , Polkowski Marcin , Rupinski Maciej , Chaber-Ciopinska Anna , Kotowski Bronislaw , Kula Zbigniew , Kielek Slawomir , Buszkiewicz Marek , Rupinska Maria , Kobiela Jaroslaw , Kaminski Michal , Regula Jaroslaw 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of low-volume vs. standard-volume bowel preparation on participation in screening colonoscopy, bowel preparation quality, and lesion detection rates.
Methods This was a multicenter, randomized, health services study within the population-based primary colonoscopy screening program in Poland. Individuals aged 55 – 62 years were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to bowel preparation with a low-volume (0.3 L sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate) or standard-volume (4 L polyethylene glycol) regimen and then invited to participate in screening colonoscopy. The primary outcome measure was the rate of participation in screening colonoscopy. Compliance with the assigned bowel preparation, bowel preparation quality, and lesion detection rates were also evaluated.
Results A total of 13 621 individuals were randomized and 13 497 were analyzed (6752 in the low-volume group and 6745 in the standard-volume group). The participation rate (16.6 % vs. 15.5 %; P = 0.08) and compliance rate (93.3 % vs. 94.1 %; P = 0.39) did not differ significantly between the groups. In the low-volume group, fewer participants had adequate bowel preparation compared with the standard-volume group (whole colon 79.0 % vs. 86.4 %, P < 0.001; proximal colon 80.1 % vs. 87.3 %, P < 0.001). Detection rates of advanced adenoma (AADR) and advanced serrated polyps (ASPDR) were lower in the low-volume group than in the standard-volume group (AADR in the proximal colon 2.6 % vs. 4.3 %, P = 0.02; ASPDR in the whole colon 2.0 % vs. 3.3 %, P = 0.04; ASPDR in the proximal colon 1.0 % vs. 1.9 %, P = 0.048).
Conclusion When compared with a standard-volume bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol, low-volume bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate did not improve participation rate or lesion detection rates, and negatively affected bowel preparation quality.