bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi‐Prong Approach for Monitoring Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillate (L. fil.) Royle] in Lakes and Reservoirs
Authors: Glomb Jackson C. , Lowe Roger C. , Shelton James L. , Hamel Martin J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHydrilla verticillatata is an invasive aquatic macrophyte that has negatively impacted freshwater ecosystems in areas around the world. As a result, lake managers often seek ways to manage hydrilla and mitigate its spread. Having effective methods for assessing hydrilla abundance in a system is imperative, but traditional assessment methods are expensive, time consuming, and may be inaccurate. Contemporary remote sensing techniques have the potential to provide a faster and more effective means for obtaining hydrilla coverage estimates. Therefore, we set out to determine what methodologies provide the most efficient and effective approach for assessing hydrilla in a large reservoir. We used spectral indices on satellite imagery and unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery to develop an image classification scheme for quantifying hydrilla occurrence. We also used down‐scan sonar in conjunction with the BioBase software to generate hydrilla coverage and biovolume estimates. the normalized difference vegetation index derived from 3‐m resolution multispectral satellite imagery proved effective for training an image classification, providing a reliable means at quantifying hydrilla colonization through time. The coloration index combined with UAV imagery yielded pixel values for hydrilla that were distinct from other aquatic plant species and can be used to verify results of satellite imagery. However, these methods were ineffective when hydrilla had not yet grown to maximum shoot length. In these conditions, down‐scan sonar remained a valuable assessment tool to supplement aerial remote sensing techniques. These results equip lake managers with the knowledge to make more informed decisions, quickly assess hydrilla occurrence, and develop effective management strategies.
Development and validation of a controlled heating apparatus for long‐term MRI of 3D microfluidic tumor models
Authors: Alkhadrawi Hassan , Dese Kokeb , Panchal Dhruvi M. , Pueschel Alexander R. , Freshwater Kasey A. , Stewart Amanda , Henderson Haleigh , Elkins Michael , Dave Raj T. , Wilson Hunter , Bennewitz John W. , Bennewitz Margaret F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConventional testing of novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involves cell and animal studies. However, 2D cultures lack dynamic flow and in vivo MRI is limited by regulatory approval of long‐term anesthesia use. Microfluidic tumor models (MTMs) offer a cost‐effective, reproducible, and high throughput platform for bridging cell and animal models. Yet, MRI of microfluidic devices is challenging, due to small fluid volumes generating low sensitivity. For the first time, an MRI of MTMs was performed at low field strength (1 T) using conventional imaging equipment without microcoils. To enable longitudinal MRI, we developed (1) CHAMP‐3 (controlled heating apparatus for microfluidics and portability) which heats MTMs during MRI scans and (2) an MRI‐compatible temperature monitoring system. CHAMP‐3 maintained chip surface temperature at ~37°C and the media inside at ~35.5°C. Enhanced T1‐weighted MRI contrast was achieved in 3D MTMs with free manganese (Mn2+) solutions and Mn2+ labeled tumor cells.
Ceanothus: Taxonomic patterns in life history responses to fire
Authors: Keeley Jon E. , Thomas Parker V. , Zedler Paul H. , Brandon Pratt R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPremiseCeanothus (Rhamnaceae) is a large genus of shrubs that dominate California chaparral and are resilient to fires. Persistence is ensured by resprouting and/or seedling recruitment from dormant seed banks. Some species do both and others, the obligate seeders, are entirely dependent on seedling recruitment. The distribution of these two modes within the genus is poorly documented.MethodsWe used all available publications that document species responses to fire and filled most gaps in the literature based on extensive field studies of more than 60 recent wildfires in California.ResultsThe genus is divided into two subgenera, Ceanothus and Cerastes. Ceanothus is widely considered to comprise mostly resprouting species and Cerastes to consist of only obligate seeders. The subgenus Ceanothus includes resprouting species throughout their range from the eastern United States and Midwest to western United States. Within the California Floristic Province (CFP), a few species are unique in producing massive lignotubers that develop from repeated fires; however, within the CFP, the majority of species in this subgenus do not resprout and are obligate seeders. Two have disjunct subspecies that are facultative seeders or obligate seeders.ConclusionsPreviously, speciation in this genus was contended to have occurred in the late Miocene within the CFP. The syndrome of obligate seeding is most strongly represented in this region, and we hypothesize that evolution of this syndrome was a response to increased predictability of fire driven by the Mediterranean climate and the long interval between fires.
Stationarity of the Special Relationship Between the Geographical Distribution of Body Size and Day Length in Japanese Adolescents: Spatial and Temporal Analysis Using a GTWR Model
Authors: Yokoya Masana , Higuchi Yukito 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesNorthern Japanese children tend to have larger physiques; however, the underlying cause remains unknown. Previous geographical correlation analyses revealed an unusual trend; effective day length was negatively correlated with height and positively correlated with weight (adjusted for height). This paradoxical relationship suggests a thyroid hormone‐like effect and possible photoperiodic response. This study aimed to determine whether this phenomenon remains consistent over time and across different regions of Japan.MethodsWe used geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) to examine whether the relationship between height and effective day length, which differs from the relationship between weight and effective day length, varies by location and time. GTWR models each observation point separately, allowing for spatial and temporal variations. The analysis included the average height and weight data of children and adolescents by prefecture from 1989 to 2019, along with effective day length considering illuminance above 5000 lx derived from the agrometeorological grid square data.ResultsHeight was used as the dependent variable, whereas weight and effective day length were used as independent variables. For height estimation, the coefficients of weight and effective day length were consistently positive and negative, respectively, although the regression coefficients showed minor geographical and temporal variations.ConclusionThe opposite correlation between height and effective day length and that between weight and effective day length were consistent. This suggests that the phenomenon is more likely driven by environmental factors than by economic or genetic influences.
Expanding the Molecular and Clinical Phenotype of Patients With De Novo Variants in KIF5C: A Six Patient Case Series
Authors: Gracie Sara , Deshpande Prasannakumar , Hollos Patrik , De Dios Karl , Martin Donna M. , Pritchard Amanda B. , Scott Schwoerer Jessica A. , Behrmann Meghan R. , Seaver Laurie H. , Brown Kathleen , Fernandez Raymond J. , Larson Austin , Coffey Eleanor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHeterozygous de novo loss of function variants in the motor domain of KIF5C are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile‐onset epilepsy, frontal cortical dysplasia, and developmental delays including motor and speech impairments. Previously, only three missense variants in KIF5C were known to be pathogenic. We identified an additional six patients with significant developmental delays with heterozygous de novo variants in the KIF5C gene (Glu237Val, Thr93Ile, Thr93Asn, Ser90del, Lys92Arg, and Glu237Lys), of which four variants have not been reported before. Functional assessment was performed on fluorescently‐tagged KIF5C variants expressed in isolated hippocampal neurons. The pathogenic de novo variants displayed significantly reduced motor function compared to the wild‐type KIF5C. We conclude that the pathogenic de novo variants presented have decreased motor domain activity and that is likely to be the etiology of the patients' symptoms given the gene's constraint in the population. By adding these patients to the seven patients previously reported, we are able to expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic KIF5C variants. Evaluation of the neurodevelopmental phenotype of additional individuals with loss of function variants in KIF5C is indicated to further characterize the spectrum of associated phenotypes.
Isotopic evidence of diet breadth hunter‐gatherers changes during the Holocene in the Central Pampean Dunefields (Argentina, South America)
Authors: Scheifler Nahuel A. , Messineo Pablo G. , Bocherens Hervé , Politis Gustavo G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesBased on the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of bone collagen, stable carbon isotopes of bone apatite and an extensive AMS dating series (~10,000–299 years cal BP), the human paleodiets of 34 individuals from the Central Pampean Dunefields (Argentina, South America) are evaluated.Materials and MethodsThese data are interpreted from the isotopic ecology of animals with archaeofaunal evidence of consumption and isotopic models of human diet. Multivariate carbon and nitrogen stable isotope model and Bayesian stable isotope ellipses were used to interpret human diets.ResultsAnalysis of isotopic values indicates intake of enriched lipids and/or carbohydrates in relation to the proteins consumed throughout the Holocene. The isotopic values of Middle Holocene humans in relation to the values of exploited resources point out that individuals obtained protein mainly from guanaco. Subsequently, there was an increase in the human breadth diet during the Late Holocene, with a greater relevance of small prey of high trophic levels and vegetables. This contrasts with zooarchaeological information indicating generalist human diets during the Middle Holocene and specialized human diets in guanaco during the Late Holocene.ConclusionsIt is proposed that during the Middle Holocene arid period, the combination of low human population density and high residential mobility in wide foraging ranges allowed the guanaco to be the main source of protein. During the Late Holocene humid period, there was an increase in human population density and a decrease in residential mobility, which caused greater pressure on foraging territories and increased dietary breadth.
Hong‐Ou‐Mandel Interference on a Lattice: Symmetries and Interactions
Authors: Njoya Mforifoum Mama Kabir , Buchleitner Andreas , Dufour Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Hong‐Ou‐Mandel interference of two identical particles evolving on a 1D tight‐binding lattice where a potential barrier plays the role of a beam splitter is described. Careful consideration of the symmetries underlying the two‐particle interference effect allows to reformulate the problem in terms of ordinary wave interference in a Michelson interferometer. This approach is easily generalized to the case where the particles interact, and we compare the resulting analytical predictions for the bunching probability to numerical simulations of the two‐particle dynamics.
Modulating the Aggregation States of a Pd6L4 Cage for Selectivity Flipping during the Stereo‐Divergent Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Wei Zhong , Jing Xu , Zhao Song , Yang Yang , Duan Chunying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn enzyme‐mimicking catalytic system has been established using a singular palladium‐based octahedral cage as the supramolecular reactor, deftly unlocking the off‐on‐off selectivity in the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes. Water serves as a critical regulator, modulating the catalyst states, reaction rates, and endpoints. The choice of solvent system influences the activity of host–guest binding and the reaction types of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, effectively modifying the reaction steps involved in the Z→E isomerization during the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes. Kinetic and inhibition experiments indicate that the catalyst mimics the binding and activation characteristics of enzymes towards substrates, enabling selective transformations within the confined enzyme‐mimicking environment. The utility of this switchable cage‐confined catalysis has been demonstrated in the synthesis and modification of complex biologically active molecules with controllable E/Z selectivity. This work sheds light on the design and control of artificial supramolecular counterparts of enzymes, offering fundamental insights into the factors influencing the activity and catalytic selectivity of biological macromolecules.
Surface Coordination Chemistry of Graphitic Carbon Nitride from Ag Molecular Probes
Authors: Amanullah Sk , Cao Weicheng , Brack Enzo , Plodinec Milivoj , Copéret Christophe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has gained significant attention for its catalytic properties, especially in the development of Single Atom Catalysts (SACs). However, the surface chemistry underlying the formation of these isolated metal sites remains poorly understood. In this study we employ Surface OrganoMetallic Chemistry (SOMC) together with advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques for an in‐depth analysis of functionalized g‐C3N4 materials, where tailored organosilver probe molecules are used to monitor surface processes and characterize resulting surface species. A multi‐technique approach – including high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM), X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and multinuclear solid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR), coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations – identifies three primary surface species in Ag‐functionalized g‐C3N4: bis‐NHC‐Ag+, dispersed Ag+ sites, and physisorbed molecular precursor. These findings highlight a dynamic grafting process and provide insights into the surface coordination chemistry of functionalized g‐C3N4 materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lithium Pyrocarbonate (Li2[C2O5]) and Lithium Hydrogen Pyrocarbonate (Li[HC2O5])
Authors: Spahr Dominik , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Bykov Maxim , Brüning Lukas , Jurzick Pascal L. , Milman Victor , Giordano Nico , Mezouar Mohamed , Winkler Björn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe anhydrous pyrocarbonate and the first hydrogen pyrocarbonate Li[HC2O5] have been synthesized in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell at moderate pressures (
GPa). The structures of the two compounds have been obtained from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations have been employed to further characterize their structure‐property relations. The present results significantly enlarge the group of inorganic pyrocarbonates by the discovery of the hydrogenated pyrocarbonate anion Li[HC2O5]−. In the structure of Li[HC2O5] there is a symmetric O−H−O arrangement at high pressures, which converts to a conventional O−H
O hydrogen bond upon pressure release.
Biomimetic Elastic Single‐Atom Protrusions Enhance Ammonia Electrosynthesis
Authors: Sun Yuntong , Huang Yin , Yao Fanglei , Tian Meng , Wang Jin , Fan Wenjun , Zhu Junwu , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (eNRR) is a promising route for sustainable ammonia (NH3) generation, but the eNRR efficiency is dramatically impeded by sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, inspired by the dynamic extension‐contraction of sea anemone tentacles in response to environmental changes, we propose a biomimetic elastic Mo single‐atom protrusion on vanadium oxide support (pSA Mo/VOH) electrocatalyst featuring a symmetry‐breaking Mo site and an elastic Mo−O4 pyramid for efficient eNRR. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that the protruding Mo‐induced symmetry‐breaking structure optimizes the d‐electron filling of Mo, enhancing the back‐donation to the π* antibonding orbital, effectively polarizing the N≡N bond and reducing the barrier from *N2 to *N2H. Notably, the elastic Mo−O4 pyramidal structure of pSA Mo provides a dynamic Mo−O microenvironment during continuous eNRR processes. This optimizes the electronic structure of the Mo sites based on different reaction intermediates, enhancing the adsorption of various N intermediates and maintaining low barriers throughout the six‐step hydrogenation process. Consequently, the elastic pSA Mo/VOH exhibits an excellent NH3 yield rate of 50.71±1.12 μg h−1 mg−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 35.38±1.03 %, outperforming most electrocatalysts.
Comediating Adsorption and Electron Transfer via Dual‐Active Site Catalyst Construction for Improving the Treatment of Extraction Wastewater
Authors: Wu Meirong , Li Jiexiang , Sun Wei , Yang Yue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSolvent extraction is widely applied, while extraction wastewater treatment remains a huge challenge because of the stability of extractants. Heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysis is a promising method, but the short half‐life of hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) generated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activation results in unsatisfactory ⋅OH utilization and organics removal. Herein, an efficient strategy for treating extraction wastewater based on comediating adsorption and electron transfer by fluorine and nitrogen co‐doped carbon (FNC) catalyst with dual‐active site was developed. Specially, N sites adsorb organics and F sites activate H2O2, shortening the migration distance of ⋅OH. Theoretical calculation and di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extraction wastewater degradation experiment showed that F site with electron acquisition can transfer electrons provided by electron‐rich D2EHPA enriched at N sites to H2O2, facilitating the continuous generation of ⋅OH through lowering the energy barrier for H2O2 activation. As a result, 96.49 % D2EHPA in simulated wastewater and 90.26 % total organic carbon in real extraction wastewater were removed. Moreover, FNC catalyst exhibited excellent reusability and ionic adaptability, and can be extended to the removal of various extractants. The proposed dual‐active site catalyst provides an effective strategy for Fenton‐like reaction to treat refractory extraction wastewater, promoting sustainable development of solvent extraction industry.
Copper‐Catalyzed Simultaneous Dehydrogenation and Enantioselective Allylic Oxidation of Alkanes Using Chiral Heterogeneous Ligands to Produce Allylic Esters and Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanism
Authors: Majidian Shiva , Rashid Hersh I. , Naghdi Yunes , Irani Mehdi , Samadi Saadi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA new asymmetric method for preparing chiral allylic esters from various unactivated alkanes through simultaneous dehydrogenation and enantioselective allylic oxidation in the presence of chiral heterogeneous oxazoline–based ligands is reported for the first time. For this purpose, chiral amino oxazoline ligands, synthesized from chiral amino alcohols and cyanogen bromide, were immobilized on modified MCM‐41 mesoporous silica. These chiral heterogeneous ligands were then characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda techniques. Finally, copper complexes of these ligands were employed in the synthesis of chiral allylic esters, achieving the best result with a 90% yield and 77% enantiomeric excess. Evaluation of the recyclability of the chiral heterogeneous catalysts revealed that they can be reused three times without a noticeable reduction in the results. In addition, the mechanism of formation of the chiral allylic esters was investigated using a density functional theory method.
Crystal Structures and Biological Profiles of Novel Tridentate Schiff Bases Nickel (II) Complexes
Authors: Özbağcı Duygu İnci , Erdağı Sevinç İlkar , Aydın İpek , Aydın Rahmiye , Arı Ferda , Zorlu Yunus 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNovel bioactive ternary nickel (II) complexes, [Ni(5BrSal‐Phe)(phen)] (1) and [Ni(5BrSal‐Tyr)(phen)] (2) (5BrSal‐Tyr: Schiff base derived from 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde and L‐tyrosine, 5BrSal‐Phe: Schiff base derived from 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde and L‐phenylalanine, phen: 1,10‐phenanthroline), have been synthesized and characterized by electronic absorption spectroscopy, CHN, FTIR, ESI‐MS and X‐ray crystallography techniques. Interaction of the complexes with biomolecules (calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) has been investigated by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the complexes can bind to CT‐DNA via a minor groove binding mode. Moreover, the fluorescence quenching mechanism between the complexes and BSA is a static quenching process. The antiproliferative activities of the complexes against breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) and healthy breast epithelial cells (MCF‐10A) were investigated. The complex 2 was found to have promising antiproliferative activity in selected cell line, with lower IC50 values than cisplatin. Molecular docking studies suggest that the complexes may serve as potential chemotherapeutic agents. These complexes have been observed to interact with various targets within cells, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and B‐DNA. Analyses indicate that these interactions are supported not only by conventional hydrogen bonds but also van der Waals forces and π‐π interactions. Additionally, determining binding constants and regions enhances our understanding of how the complexes interact with target molecules. The results emphasize the importance of the complexes in cancer therapy by highlighting the necessity of understanding their molecular‐level interactions with targets.