bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Medicinal Applications of Vanadium and its Coordination Compounds in Current Research Prospects: A Review
Authors: Prasad Kollur S. , Ramachandrappa Shwetha U. 
Published: November 2018

Background:The variety of biological applications of vanadium impressed researchers to develop vanadium based drugs. The most well-known fact of vanadium is that it is necessary for human beings as an insulin-enhancing agent and herein, we mainly provide an overview of vanadium-based drugs and their applications in the medicinal field for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The first part of this review is focused on mechanistic studies involved in the anti-diabetic activity. The latter part explains the use of vanadium and its related coordination compounds in the treatment of cancer.Methods:This review is purely based on literature search available in the database. We focused on the reports available on the recent advancements in the vanadium chemistry and its biological properties, mainly anti-diabetic and anticancer activities of vanadium based compounds.Results:The study of clinical trials of vanadium and its drug molecules imposed more demand due to their remarkable activity with less toxicity.Conclusion:A brief literature survey was made pertaining to the applications of vanadium compounds/ complexes. Particularly, special attention was paid to explaining mechanistic studies of vanadium based compounds in the treatment of diabetes and cancer.
Synthesis of Polyaniline/Graphene Nanocomposites and Electrochemical Sensing Performance for Formaldehyde
Authors: Pei Lizhai , Ma Yue , Qiu Fanglv , Lin Feifei , Fan Chuangang , Ling Xianzhang 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Formaldehyde has been recognized as the important liquid environmental
pollutant which can cause health risk. Great effort has been devoted to detecting formaldehyde in
liquid environment. It is of important significance to develop a sensitive method for measuring formaldehyde
from the environmental and health viewpoints.

Methods:
Polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites have been prepared by a simple in-situ polymerization
process using graphene and aniline as the raw materials. The nanocomposites were characterized
by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites
were applied to modify the glassy carbon electrode for the detection of formaldehyde by cyclic voltammetry
(CV) method.

Results:
The polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites consist of hexagonal graphite phase. The polyaniline
particles are dispersed and attached to the surface of the graphene nanosheet-shaped morphology.
The thickness of the graphene nanosheets is less than 50 nm. The electrocatalytic performance
of the polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode towards formaldehyde
was obtained. The potential of the irreversible oxidation peak is located at +0.19 V. The
polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode shows a wide linear range of
0.0001-2 mM and low detection limit of 0.085 μM.

Conclusion:
The nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode possesses good reproducibility
and stability. The polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites show great application potential for the electrochemical
sensors to detect formaldehyde in liquid environments.
In-Silico Identification of Drug Lead Molecule Against Pesticide Exposed-neurodevelopmental Disorders Through Network-Based Computational Model Approach
Authors: Srivastava Neha , Mishra Bhartendu Nath , Srivastava Prachi 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) are impairment of the growth and
development of the brain or central nervous system, which occurs at the developmental stage. This
can include developmental brain dysfunction, which can manifest as neuropsychiatric problems or
impaired motor function, learning, language or non-verbal communication. These include the array
of disorder, including: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorders (ADHD) etc. There is no particular diagnosis and cure for NDDs. These disorders seem
to be result from a combination of genetic, biological, psychosocial and environmental risk factors.
Diverse scientific literature reveals the adverse effect of environmental factors specifically,
exposure of pesticides, which leads to growing number of human pathological conditions; among
these, neurodevelopmental disorder is an emerging issue nowadays.

Objective:
The current study focused on in silico identification of potential drug targets for
pesticides induced neurodevelopmental disorder including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to design potential drug molecule for
the target through drug discovery approaches.

Methods:
We identified 139 candidate genes for ADHD and 206 candidate genes for ASD from
the NCBI database for detailed study. Protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed
to identify key genes/proteins in the network by using STRING 10.0 database and Cytoscape 3.3.0
software. The 3D structure of target protein was built and validated. Molecular docking was
performed against twenty seven possible phytochemicals i.e. beta amyrin, ajmaline, serpentine,
urosolic, huperzine A etc. having neuroprotective activity. The best-docked compound was
identified by the lowest Binding Energy (BE). Further, the prediction of drug-likeness and
bioactivity analysis of leads were performed by using molinspiration cheminformatics software.

Result & Conclusion:
Based on betweenness centrality and node degree as a network topological
parameter, solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4) was identified as a common key protein in
both the networks. 3-D structure of SLC6A4 protein was designed and validated respectively.
Based on the lowest binding energy, beta amyrin (B.E = -8.54 kcal/mol) was selected as a potential
drug candidate against SLC6A4 protein. Prediction of drug-likeness and bioactivity analysis of
leads showed drug candidate as a potential inhibitor. Beta amyrin (CID: 73145) was obtained as
the most potential therapeutic inhibitor for ASD & ADHD in human.
A Survey on Computational Methods for Essential Proteins and Genes Prediction
Authors: Fang Ming , Lei Xiujuan , Guo Ling 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Essential proteins play important roles in the survival or reproduction of
an organism and support the stability of the system. Essential proteins are the minimum set of
proteins absolutely required to maintain a living cell. The identification of essential proteins is a
very important topic not only for a better comprehension of the minimal requirements for cellular
life, but also for a more efficient discovery of the human disease genes and drug targets.
Traditionally, as the experimental identification of essential proteins is complex, it usually requires
great time and expense. With the cumulation of high-throughput experimental data, many
computational methods that make useful complements to experimental methods have been
proposed to identify essential proteins. In addition, the ability to rapidly and precisely identify
essential proteins is of great significance for discovering disease genes and drug design, and has
great potential for applications in basic and synthetic biology research.

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the identification of essential proteins
and genes focusing on the current developments of different types of computational methods, point
out some progress and limitations of existing methods, and the challenges and directions for
further research are discussed.
Sense of Competence as Mediator on Parenting Stress
Authors: Daulay Nurussakinah , Ramdhani Neila , Hadjam Noor Rochman 
Published: November 2018

Background:Mothers who have children with special needs are prone to parenting stress due to the limitations of the children.Objectives:This study aimed to test the contributions of hardiness, social support and child’s maladaptive behaviors as mediated by parenting sense of competence to parenting stress in mothers of children with special-need.Methods:The participants of this study were 256 mothers. Five variables used were hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, parenting sense of competence, and parenting stress, which shaped the structural model of the study. The data of this study were analyzed in two stages, using a structural equation modeling to assess a full model and post-hoc analysis to assess the differences of parenting stress based on types of the children’s disabilities.Results:The results: 1) parenting stress was directly influenced by hardiness, social support, child’s maladaptive behavior, and parenting sense of competence; 2) The relationship between hardiness and parenting stress was mediated by parenting sense of competence; 3) the mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder went through parenting stress higher than those raising children with other types of special need.Conclusion:The importance of parenting sense of competence as the mediator variable is discussed The determinant of parenting stress is directly affected by a child’s maladaptive behavior that has a positive correlation with parenting stress. The hardiness and parenting sense of competence as mother’s internal strength has a negative correlation with parenting stress, and so do the social support as external strength.
Optimization of Itroconazole Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery
Authors: Chaudhari Pallavi M. , Patil Amruta R. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
The objective of this study was to formulate water-insoluble drug Itraconazole
(ITZ) into Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical delivery.

Methods:
The drug-loaded SLNs were prepared by Microemulsion method using cholesterol (CH)
and Lubritab (LU) and further characterized for different parameters like particle size, zeta potential,
drug entrapment efficiency etc. The mean particle size with Lubritab SLN was in the range
155.01-161.67 nm, whereas for Cholestrol SLN it was in the range of 218.87-230.16 nm. SEM
showed spherical nature of the SLNs.

Results:
The entrapment efficiency of SLN was found to be more for cholesterol as compared to
Lubritab. The crystalline properties of drug was reduced in SLNs as evaluated by X-ray diffraction
(XRD). Ex vivo study indicated the ITZ-SLN exhibited high concentration.

Conclusion:
The permeability of drug was studied by use of Franz-diffusion cell, and permeation
of drug through Lubritab SLN (ITZ LU) was higher than that of Cholesterol SLN (ITZ CH). The
formulated ITZ-SLNs exhibited clear zone.
Eccentric Methodology with Optimization to Unearth Hidden Facts of Search Engine Result Pages
Authors: Sethuraman Jayaraman , Alzubi Jafar A. , Manikandan Ramachandran , Gheisari Mehdi , Kumar Ambeshwar 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The World Wide Web houses an abundance of information that is used every
day by billions of users across the world to find relevant data. Website owners employ
webmasters to ensure their pages are ranked top in search engine result pages. However, understanding
how the search engine ranks a website, which comprises numerous web pages, as the top ten or
twenty websites is a major challenge. Although systems have been developed to understand the
ranking process, a specialized tool based approach has not been tried.

Objective:
This paper develops a new framework and system that process website contents to determine
search engine optimization factors.

Methods:
To analyze the web page dynamically by assessing the web site content based on specific
keywords, elimination method was used in an attempt to reveal various search engine optimization
techniques.

Conclusion:
Our results lead to conclude that the developed system is able to perform a deeper
analysis and find factors which play a role in bringing the site on the top of the list.
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Prunella vulgaris for oral thrush
Authors: Nayak Amit , Khan Mohammed Azaz , Sharma Poornima , Mishra RM 
Published: November 2018

Plant imitative products have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. In traditional Indian medicine or Ayurveda, Prunella Vulgaris and many other herbs have been used as medicine. Traditional uses of plants have led to investigating their bioactive compounds, which have resulted in the detection of a significant number of therapeutic properties. The aim of present investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts of Prunella Vulgaris against microbial strains causing oral infections. Both chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrate, triterpenoids/ steroids, flavonoids, tannin, phenolic compound and saponins were absent in only the chloroform extract. The bioactivities of the leaf extracts were qualified to their phytochemical constituents. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. The In vitro antioxidant activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts of Prunella Vulgaris was assessed against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay using standard protocols. The antimicrobial activity of chloroform and hydroalcoholic extracts of medicinal plants was evaluated using well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The TPC in chloroform extract was higher than that of the hydroalcoholic extract with concentration being 0.443 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid. The TFC in hydroalcohoilc extract was higher than that of the chloroform extract with concentration being 0.358 mg/g equivalent to rutin. The present study recognized leaves extract of Prunella vulgaris as a promising antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. However, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanistic basis of this effect of the extract and its chemical constituents thereof.
Keywords: Prunella vulgaris, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial activity, Folins Ciocalteau reagent, Quantitative analysis
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF FLAVONOID AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF THE ROOT, STEM AND LEAVES OF TEPHROSIA PURPUREA LINN
Authors: Nigam R , Arnold R 
Published: November 2018

Herbal drugs are traditionally used in various parts of the world to cure different diseases. The purpose of present study is to characterize phytoconstituents in the various part of Tephrosia purpurea. The root, stem and leaves of Tephrosia purpurea were washed, air dried and then powdered. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of various part of Tephrosia purpurea were used for the phytochemical investigation to find out the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents in the plant. The result of the phytochemical analysis of Tephrosia purpurea showed presence or absence in addition to quantitative (mg/100mg) contents of flavonoid and Phenol in the plant.Present study will help to identify the different parts of the plant from which higher quantities of the phytochemical can be derived and for the development of new herbal drugs from Tephrosia purpurea.
Keywords: Phytoconstituents, Phytochemical, Tephrosia purpurea, Aqueous ethanolic extract, Flavonoid, Phenol.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GEL CONTAINING ETHOSOMES ENTRAPPED WITH TRETINOIN
Authors: Mishra Rakhi , Shende Shradha , Jain Prabhat Kumar , Jain Vivek 
Published: November 2018

A skin disease, like acne, is very common and normally happens to everyone at least once in their lifetime. The structure of the stratum corneum is often compared with a brick wall, with corneocytes surrounded by the mortar of the intercellular lipid lamellae. One of the best options for successful drug delivery to the affected area of skin is the use of ethosomes which can be transported through the skin through channel-like structures. Tretinoin is a widely used retinoid for the topical treatment of acne, photo-aged skin, psoriasis and skin cancer which makes it a good candidate for topical formulation. Yet side effects, like redness, swelling, peeling, blistering and, erythema, in addition to its high lipophilicity make this challenging. Drug loaded ethosomes had been prepared using phospholipid and ethanol, were optimized and characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicular size, shape, In-vitro skin permeation, skin retention, drug‐membrane component interaction and stability. The ethosomal formulation having 0.5 %w/v of phospholipid and 20 %v/v of ethanol (F2) showing the greatest entrapment efficiency (80.25±0.23) with small particle size (205.40±2.31nm) was selected for further skin permeation studies. The skin permeation and skin retention studies were performed on ethosomal formulation, liposomal formulation (0.5 %w/v of phospholipid without alcohol), hydroethanolic drug solution and phosphate buffer saline (pH7.4) drug solution. Among them, ethosomal formulation showed higher cumulative percentage of drug permeation (93.36±0.45%) and 8 hours than the other formulations. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the three dimensional nature of ethosomes. Dynamic light scattering technique proved that the ethosomes has smaller vesicular size than the liposomes prepared without alcohol. FT‐IR studies revealed no interaction between the drug and membrane components. The ethosomal vesicles were incorporated in carbopol gel base and its anti‐acne was compared with the marketed gel. Our results suggest that the ethosomes are an efficient carrier for dermal and transdermal delivery of tretinoin.
Keywords: Tretinoin, Ethosomes, Diffusion, Carbopol gels, Transdermal delivery.
DOCKING STUDIES OF AMINOHYDANTOIN DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS
Authors: Mali Pooja , Pratap Shourya , Badhauria Raghvendra S. , Gurjar Himanshu 
Published: November 2018

Objective: Docking studies of aminohydantoin derivatives as antimalarial agents. A novel derivative of aminohydantoins was selected from the literature. Method: in-silco studies using docking methodology. The compounds were sketched and energy minimized using Chem draw ultra and Chem 3D ultra respectively. Further, the compounds were docked into Plasmodium falciparum transferase inhibitor (3L7) using Molegro Virtual Platform. Twenty eight compounds were docked into the active site of Pf-lactate dehydrogenase cavity and all of them found to have similar binding interactions of a co-crystalized ligand. Result: The compounds were showed good docking score like moldock score and re-rank score. The finding of docking studies shows a typical molecular interaction pattern with lactate dehydrogenase. The binding interaction information derived from these molecules will be useful in future antimalarial agent design. Conclusion: From the docking study, it was observed that ligands bind to the electrostatic, hydrophobic clamp formed by the residues Asp 76(B), Tyr 190(B), Tyr 80(B) and Lys 72(B) which play an important role for Plasmodium falciparum inhibition. The binding affinity, grid calculation and RMSD percentage lower and upper parameters were calculated. Hence, the observable data indicated that, above compounds can serve as good leads for further modification and optimization in the of treatment malaria.
Keywords: Molegro, Chemdraw, aminohydantoins and docking, studies as Plasmodium falciparum, 4RAO, moldock score.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF GLIBENCLAMIDE
Authors: Rahman Syed Ata Ur , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: November 2018

The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches of Glibenclamide towards enhance its permeation through the skin and maintain the plasma level concentration. Transdermal patches were prepared by using polymers like Chitosan, HPMC 15cps and EC 20cpsat various concentrations by solvent casting technique employing dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer and iso-propylmyristate as permeation enhancer. The transdermal patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties and in-vitro drug release. The transdermal patches were found to be transparent and smooth in texture. Among the formulations studied, at the end of 12th hour, the minimum and maximum in-vitro drug release was observed for the formulations F12 and F4 i.e. 80.012 ± 2.012 % and 98.365±3.012% respectively. The mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian diffusion controlled. FT-IR studies revealed the integrity of the drug in the formulations.
Keywords: Transdermal Patches, Glibenclamide, Chitosan, HPMC 15cps, EC 20 cps, in-vitro diffusion studies.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED TAMARIND SEED GUM AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: Dev Druv , Rehal Diksha Kumari , Prasad DN 
Published: November 2018

The aim of present study was to preparation and evaluation of modified Tamarind seed as natural superdisintegrant. The extracted gum from the Tamarind seed was modified chemically by carboxymethylation of extracted gum was done to improve the hydrophilic nature of the gum. Futher, carboxymethylated gum was complexed by using calcium chloride to enhances the wetting capacity of the gum. The modification in functional group of extracted gum, carboxymethyled gum, Calcium complexed gum was studied by FT-IR spectrophotometer. The DSC studies shows that the changes in melting point of the carboxymethyled gum and the calcium complexed gum as compared to the extracted gum without undergoing chemical modification. The modified gum was then subjected to different studies like color, pH of gum solution, swelling indexetc. The dummy tablet prepared with calcium complexed modified Tamarind seed gum to check its disintegration effect of the tablet. The various pre-compression parameters of the tablet blend was determined like bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, angle of repose and Hausner's ratio. The disintegration time of these dummy tablet carry the calcium complexed tamarind seed gum was compared to formulate tablet with marketed superdisintegrant i.e. sodium starch glycolate . The disintegration time of calcium complexed Tamarind seed gum was observed to be 1 min. approx. 32.5 sec. -35.2 sec. showing good disintegrating property. It can be concluded that Fast disintegrating tablet using modified Tamarind seed gum as natural superdisintegrant improves the disintegration time of the tablet.
Keywords: FDT tablet, Tamarind seed gum, Sodium starch glycolate, Swelling time.
Transocean and the History of Tax Inversions
Authors: Albring Susan M. , Elder Randal J. , Franklin Mitchell A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The first tax inversion in 1983 was followed by small waves of subsequent inversion activity, including two inversions completed by Transocean. Significant media and political attention focused on transactions made by U.S. multinational corporations that were primarily designed to reduce U.S. corporate income taxes. As a result, the U.S. government took several actions to limit inversion activity. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) significantly lowered U.S. corporate tax rates and one expected impact of TCJA is a reduction of inversion activity. Students use the Transocean inversions to understand the reasons why companies complete a tax inversion and how the U.S. tax code affects inversion activity. Students also learn about the structure of inversion transactions and how they have changed over time as the U.S. government attempted to limit them. Students also assess the tax and economic impacts of inversion transactions to evaluate tax policy.