bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor‐induzierte Dimerisierung einer essentiellen Oxidoreduktase aus afrikanischen Trypanosomen
Authors: Wagner Annika , Le Thien Anh , Brennich Martha , Klein Philipp , Bader Nicole , Diehl Erika , Paszek Daniel , Weickhmann A. Katharina , Dirdjaja Natalie , Krauth‐Siegel R. Luise , Engels Bernd , Opatz Till , Schindelin Hermann , Hellmich Ute A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractJedes Jahr fordern durch Trypanosomen und Leishmanien verursachte Infektionen zehntausende Menschenleben. Der Metabolismus dieser einzelligen eukaryotischen Parasiten unterscheidet sich von dem des menschlichen Wirts. Daher stellen die parasitären Enzyme vielversprechende Angriffspunkte für Arzneistoffe dar. Tryparedoxin (Tpx) aus Trypanosoma brucei ist eine essentielle Oxidoreduktase in der parasitären Detoxifizierungskaskade für Hydroperoxide. Funktionale In‐vitro‐ und In‐vivo‐Experimente zeigen, dass ein kleiner, selektiver Inhibitor Tpx effizient inhibiert. Mithilfe von Röntgenkristallographie, SAXS, analytischer SEC, SEC‐MALS, MD‐Simulationen, ITC und NMR‐Spektroskopie können wir zeigen, wie die kovalente Bindung dieses monofunktionalen Inhibitors zu einer Dimerisierung von Tpx führt. Intra‐ und intermolekulare Inhibitor‐Inhibitor‐, Protein‐Protein‐ und Inhibitor‐Protein‐Interaktionen stabilisieren das Dimer. Das Verhalten dieses effizienten antitrypanosomalen Moleküls stellt somit ein hervorragendes Beispiel für eine chemisch induzierte Dimerisierung durch einen kleinen, monovalenten Liganden dar, welches für ein zukünftiges Wirkstoffdesign verwendet werden kann.
Helicoidal Patterning of Nanorods with Polymer Ligands
Authors: Galati Elizabeth , Tao Huachen , Tebbe Moritz , Ansari Rija , Rubinstein Michael , Zhulina Ekaterina B. , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChiral packing of ligands on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is of fundamental and practical importance, as it determines how NPs interact with each other and with the molecular world. Herein, for gold nanorods (NRs) capped with end‐grafted nonchiral polymer ligands, we show a new mechanism of chiral surface patterning. Under poor solvency conditions, a smooth polymer layer segregates into helicoidally organized surface‐pinned micelles (patches). The helicoidal morphology is dictated by the polymer grafting density and the ratio of the polymer ligand length to nanorod radius. Outside this specific parameter space, a range of polymer surface structures was observed, including random, shish‐kebab, and hybrid patches, as well as a smooth polymer layer. We characterize polymer surface morphology by theoretical and experimental state diagrams. The helicoidally organized polymer patches on the NR surface can be used as a template for the helicoidal organization of other NPs, masked synthesis on the NR surface, as well as the exploration of new NP self‐assembly modes.
One‐year clinical outcomes of patients treated with polymer‐free amphilimus‐eluting stents or zotarolimus‐eluting stents: A propensity‐score adjusted analysis
Authors: Rozemeijer Rik , van Muiden Ivar G. , Koudstaal Stefan , Leenders Geert E. , Timmers Leo , Rittersma Saskia Z. , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Voskuil Michiel , Stella Pieter R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPolymer‐free amphilimus‐eluting stents (PF‐AES) represent a novel elution‐technology in coronary stenting. We aimed to assess 1‐year clinical outcomes of PF‐AES as compared to latest‐generation permanent polymer zotarolimus‐eluting stents (PP‐ZES) in a real‐world all‐comers setting.MethodsA prospective registry of patients treated with either PF‐AES or PP‐ZES between 2014 and 2016 was conducted. The primary outcome was defined as major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and the secondary outcome was defined as target‐lesion failure (TLF) at 1 year. To account for measured confounders, a propensity‐score adjusted Cox proportional‐hazard model was built to evaluate clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 734 consecutive patients with 1,269 DES implantations were enrolled. The population was characterized by 28% diabetes, 24% ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, and a high number of complex lesions (69%). The rate of MACCE was 11.5% for PF‐AES and 13.6% for PP‐ZES, plog‐rank = 0.11. TLF was numerically lower in PF‐AES as compared to PP‐ZES (5.4 vs. 6.1%, plog‐rank = 0.68). After propensity‐score adjustment, PF‐AES showed a trend toward a lower rate of MACCE and a favorable rate of TLF as compared to PP‐ZES (HR 0.70; 95%CI 0.45 to 1.10, P = 0.12; and HR 0.88; 95%CI 0.47 to 1.65, P = 0.68, respectively). Rates of definite ST were low (0.8 vs. 0.3%, plog‐rank = 0.62).ConclusionsOur study suggests that implantation of PF‐AES was safe and effective in real‐world patients, with low‐rates of MACCE and TLF at 1 year. Our data needs to be confirmed by a large trial to evaluate the clinical outcomes of this novel polymer‐free, eluting‐technology used in PF‐AES.
Black pleural effusion caused by pancreatic pseudocyst rupture
Authors: Ishigaki Sho , Kuwae Misato , Ishii Makoto , Asakura Takanori , Ueda Soichiro , Betsuyaku Tomoko 
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message
The images show the path of pancreatic pleural effusion from the pancreatic pseudocyst in a patient with alcoholic pancreatitis who presented with black pleural effusion, however, without symptoms. Pancreatic pseudocyst rupture rarely causes pleural effusion; however, it should be considered in patients with chronic pancreatitis with black pleural effusion.
Evaluation of Alkyl‐Ferrocene Monolayers on Carbons for Charge Storage Applications, a Voltammetry and Impedance Spectroscopy Investigation
Authors: Aceta Yara , Leroux Yann R. , Hapiot Philippe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectrochemical properties of functionalized carbons with ferrocene‐alkyl monolayer were evaluated with different electrolytes and solvents for charge storage applications. Investigations were performed both by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy using edge plane pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes, being a good example of fragile and porous carbon material. The functionalization method is based on the electrografting of protected aryldiazonium ions that leads after deprotection to the formation of a covalently attached monolayer. In a second step, C11‐long chain alkyl ferrocene is attached on the platform. The functionalization considerably increases the charge density by a factor of 5–10 depending on the electrolyte with the advantage that it does not alter the structure of the carbon surface. The grafted layer presents a very fast electron transfer kinetics providing an easy way for increasing the charge density in devices like supercapacitors, the charging time being limited by the resistance of the electrolyte.
Extension of the Plutonium Oxide Nanocluster Family to Include {Pu16} and {Pu22}
Authors: Sigmon Ginger E. , Hixon Amy E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlutonium(IV) oxide nanoclusters represent an interesting scientific problem regarding structure‐function relationships and are also relevant to global concerns surrounding plutonium reprocessing, the remediation of plutonium‐contaminated soils, and the storage or disposal of plutonium‐containing wastes. Here we report the synthesis of five unique PuIV oxide nanoclusters containing 38, 22, or 16 metal centers and capped only with inorganic ligands, such as chlorine and water, which prevent formation of the extended PuO2 structure. The products are interrogated through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, bond valence calculations, and comparisons to other known metal‐oxide nanoclusters. Of particular interest is the incorporation of hydroxide linkages into the smaller plutonium oxide nanoclusters, which underscores previous observations and hypotheses regarding the formation of plutonium polymers and colloids.
Halogen‐Mediated Membrane Transport: An Efficient Strategy for the Enhancement of Cellular Uptake of Synthetic Molecules
Authors: Ungati Harinarayana , Govindaraj Vijayakumar , Nair Chithra R. , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe poor uptake of fluorescent probes and therapeutics by mammalian cells is a major concern in biological applications ranging from fluorescence imaging to drug delivery in living cells. Although gaseous molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, hydrophobic substances such as benzene, and small polar but uncharged molecules such as water and ethanol can cross the cell plasma membrane by simple passive diffusion, many synthetic as well as biological molecules require specific membrane transporters and channel proteins that control the traffic of these molecules into and out of the cell. This work reports that the introduction of halogen atoms into a series of fluorescent molecules remarkably enhances their cellular uptake, and that their transport can be increased to more than 95 % by introducing two iodine atoms at appropriate positions. The nature of the fluorophore does not play a major role in the cellular uptake when iodine atoms are present in the molecules, as compounds bearing naphthalimide, coumarin, BODIPY, and pyrene moieties show similar uptakes. Interestingly, the introduction of a maleimide‐based fluorophore bearing two hydroxyethylthio moieties allows the molecules to cross the plasma and nuclear membranes, and the presence of iodine atoms further enhances the transport across both membranes. Overall, this study provides a general strategy for enhancing the uptake of organic molecules by mammalian cells.
The Middle‐Earth between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis in Water Oxidation with Iridium
Authors: Macchioni Alceo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Alceo Macchioni from University of Perugia, Italy. The cover image shows La Fontana Maggiore in Perugia. Its different water compartments symbolize the different types of iridium water oxidation catalysts reviewed in the article.
Single wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes induce different toxicological responses in rat alveolar macrophages
Authors: Nahle Sara , Safar Ramia , Grandemange Stéphanie , Foliguet Bernard , Lovera‐Leroux Mélanie , Doumandji Zahra , Le Faou Alain , Joubert Olivier , Rihn Bertrand , Ferrari Luc 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHuman exposure to airborne carbon nanotubes (CNT) is increasing because of their applications in different sectors; therefore, they constitute a biological hazard. Consequently, developing studies on CNT toxicity become a necessity. CNTs can have different properties in term of length, size and charge. Here, we compared the cellular effect of multiwall (MWCNTs) and single wall CNTs (SWCNTs). MWCNTs consist of multiple layers of graphene, while SWCNTs are monolayers. The effects of MWCNTs and SWCNTs were evaluated by the water‐soluble tetrazolium salt cell proliferation assay on NR8383 cells, rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383). After 24 hours of exposure, MWCNTs showed higher toxicity (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 3.2 cm2/cm2) than SWCNTs (IC50 = 44 cm2/cm2). Only SWCNTs have induced NR8383 cells apoptosis as assayed by flow cytometry using the annexin V/IP staining test. The expression of genes involved in oxidative burst (Ncf1), inflammation (Nfκb, Tnf‐α, Il‐6 and Il‐1β), mitochondrial damage (Opa) and apoptotic balance (Pdcd4, Bcl‐2 and Casp‐8) was determined. We found that MWCNT exposure predominantly induce inflammation, while SWCNTs induce apoptosis and impaired mitochondrial function. Our results clearly suggest that MWCNTs are ideal candidates for acute inflammation induction. In vivo studies are required to confirm this hypothesis. However, we conclude that toxicity of CNTs is dependent on their physical and chemical characteristics.
Biomaterial and stem cell‐based strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Dunn Andrew , Talovic Muhamed , Patel Krishna , Patel Anjali , Marcinczyk Madison , Garg Koyal 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAdult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell‐based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose‐derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133+ stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off‐the‐shelf solution to cell‐based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246–1262, 2019.
Lattice Zenneck Modes on Subwavelength Antennas
Authors: Babicheva Viktoriia E. , Moloney Jerome V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOptical resonances in isolated nanoparticles made out of commonly occurring materials with high optical losses, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, germanium, carbide, and others, are weak and not sufficient for field enhancement and competing with plasmonic resonances in noble metal nanoparticles. This work presents a novel approach to achieve strong resonances in the arrays of such nanoparticles with large optical losses and points to their potential for efficient light control in ultra‐thin optical elements, sensing, and photovoltaic applications. Materials with large imaginary part of permittivity (LIPP) are studied and nanostructures of these materials are shown to support not only surfaces modes, known as Zenneck waves, but also modes localized on the subwavelength particle. This approach opens up the possibility of exciting strong localized nanoparticle resonances without involving plasmonic or high‐refractive‐index materials. Arranging LIPP particles in a periodic array plays a crucial role allowing for collective array resonances, which are shown to be much stronger in particle array than in single particle. The collective lattice resonances can be excited at the wavelength defined mainly by the array period and thus easily tuned in a broad spectral range not being limited by particle permittivity, size, or shape.
Polarization dependent five‐band terahertz metamaterial using two resonators
Authors: S Sasi Princy , E Manikandan , B. S Sreeja , S Radha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a multi‐band terahertz metamaterial composed of two hexagonal shaped metallic resonators supported by a Teflon dielectric substrate. The performance characteristics of the proposed structure are evaluated numerically using CST Microwave Studio software. The design has polarization sensitive and angle independent operational nature. The designed structure resonates at five frequencies: 0.19 THz, 0.3 THz, 0.47 THz, 0.5 THz, and 0.61 THz in transverse electric mode. The underlying concept of multi‐band resonances has been understood by obtaining the electric field.
Peripheral blood immunophenotyping in a large cohort of patients with Shwachman–Diamond syndrome
Authors: Bezzerri Valentino , Vella Antonio , Gennaro Gianfranco Di , Ortolani Riccardo , Nicolis Elena , Cesaro Simone , Fabrizzi Benedetta , Bronte Vincenzo , Corey Seth J. , Cipolli Marco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractShwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is one of the more common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, characterized by neutropenia, occasional thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Bone marrow evaluation reveals an increased number of monocytes and mature B cells along with decreased granulocytes. However, little is known about the subpopulations of peripheral blood cells, and few previous publications have been based on a small number of patients. Here, we report a comprehensive immunophenotypic analysis from a cohort of 37 SDS patients who display impairment mostly in the myeloid compartment with a deficiency also in the number of B cells and CD4/CD8 double‐negative T cells.
Ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma in a 3.5‐month‐old infant without eye involvement and without evidence of heritability
Authors: Römer Tristan , Temming Petra , Lohmann Dietmar R. , Sturm Dominik , von Deimling Andreas , Sellhaus Bernd , Mull Michael , Kontny Udo , Moser Olga 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHeritable retinoblastoma can rarely be associated with a midline intracranial neuroblastic tumor, referred to as trilateral retinoblastoma. We present an unusual midline brain tumor in an infant that was identified as ectopic retinoblastoma by histopathology, DNA methylation analysis, and molecular genetic detection of biallelic somatic inactivation of the RB1 gene. There was no ocular involvement, and germline mutation was excluded. In this nonresectable tumor, treatment with systemic chemotherapy including high‐dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation, but without definite local therapy, resulted in long‐lasting tumor control.
Leuchtende Blasen
Authors: Mettin Robert , Cairós Carlos 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungUltraschall kann in Flüssigkeiten Lichtblitze erzeugen. Diese Sonolumineszenz stammt aus implodierenden Kavitationsblasen. Das Gas in kollabierenden Blasen kann sich dabei so stark erwärmen, dass kurzzeitig ein Plasma mit blitzartiger Lichtemission auftritt. Aus dem optischen Spektrum des Leuchtens schließt man auf die physikalischen Vorgänge bei der extremen Kompression des Blaseninneren. Dabei zeigen Wolken aus Blasen und isolierte Einzelblasen, die in akustischen Stehwellen gefangen sind, unterschiedliche Eigenschaften. Isolierte Einzelblasen haben eher eine symmetrische Kugelgestalt als die sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden Wolkenblasen. Neuere Arbeiten untersuchen, wie sich im Detail Blasenbewegungen und asymmetrische Implosionen auf die Sonolumineszenz auswirken.
Wendelstein 7‐X im Betrieb
Authors: Milch Isabella 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEnde 2015 haben die Experimente an Wendelstein 7‐X begonnen, der weltweit größten Fusionsanlage vom Stellarator‐Typ. Wendelstein 7‐X soll die Kraftwerkstauglichkeit dieses alternativen Konzepts demonstrieren. Ein verbessertes Magnetfeld soll die Schwierigkeiten früherer Stellaratoren überwinden, die Qualität von Plasmagleichgewicht und ‐einschluss soll der eines Tokamak ebenbürtig werden. Nach stufenweisen Ausbauten soll Wendelstein 7‐X mit Entladungen bis zu dreißig Minuten Länge die wesentliche Eigenschaft der Stellaratoren vorführen, den Dauerbetrieb.
Immer auf Achse!
Authors: Stiegler Ernst‐Michael 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEnde des 19. Jahrhunderts öffneten astronomische Messungen zur Polhöhenschwankung den Weg zur modernen Geophysik. Alte Vorstellungen von einer starr rotierenden Erde wurden überwunden. Stattdessen entdeckte man, dass die Rotationsachse und die Symmetrieachse der Erde nicht übereinstimmen. Die daraus resultierende Unwucht sowie die verformbare, elastische Erde sind Ursachen lang‐ und kurzfristiger Veränderungen der Lage der Erdachse im Raum. Jules Verne machte sich bereits Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts Gedanken darüber, welche Folgen das Aufrichten der Erdrotationsachse hätte.
Aus der Luft gegriffen
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Theremin ist eines der ersten rein elektronischen Musikinstrumente. Erfunden wurde es vom Russen Lew Termen, der sich später Leon Theremin nannte. In seiner etablierten Bauform besitzt es zwei Antennen. Beim Spiel sorgen Finger und Hände für Kapazitätsänderungen in diesen Schwingkreisen, die in elektrische Signale umgesetzt werden. Eine Hand erzeugt den Ton, die andere verändert dessen Lautstärke.
Preparation and Thermal Properties of 1‐Hexadecanol‐Palmitic Acid Eutectic Mixture/Activated Carbon Composite Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Hu Zhanjiang , Wang Chaoming , Jia Wenbing , Li Xiao , Cai Zhengyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, a new kind of 1‐hexadecanol‐palmitic acid (HD‐PA) binary eutectic mixture and the composite phase change materials (PCMs) composed of HD‐PA absorbed into activated carbon (AC) pores with different mass percentage of 50, 55, 60, and 65% were prepared by vacuum impregnation method. The chemical structural, thermal stability and thermal durability of HD‐PA/AC composite phase change materials (CPCMs) with different mass fraction of HD‐PA was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. The specific surface area of AC were determined to be 760 m2 g−1 and abundant mesopores and micropores with the sizes at 1.8 and 0.6 nm were observed according to the N2 adsorption‐desorption measurement. DSC results showed that the onset melting temperature and latent heat of novel HD‐PA eutectic were 50.2 °C and 226.6 J g−1, respectively. The addition of AC to the PCM of binary HD‐PA eutectic can enhance its thermal stability, durability and thermal energy storage‐release rate. The form‐stable HD‐PA/AC CPCM can be used as energy storage materials in many fields owing to its good thermal properties and chemical stability.
Incorporating Mn2+/Ni2+/Cu2+/Zn2+ in the Co3O4 Nanorod: To Investigate the Effect of Structural Modification in the Co3O4 Nanorod and Its Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Mary A Juliet Christina , Bose A. Chandra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe major key component for developing a high‐efficiency supercapacitor device is electrode and electrolyte material. This research paper demonstrates the structural modification of Co3O4 nanorod and the electrochemical behavior of Co3O4 nanorod in different aqueous electrolytes such as KOH, PVA/KOH, NaOH, KCl, and Na2SO4. The pseudocapacitive behavior of Co3O4 is varying in the order of KOH > NaOH > PVA/KOH > Na2SO4 > KCl. The storage capability of MCo2O4 (where M=Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn) nanorods has been compared with Co3O4 nanorod in the KOH electrolyte environment. The material in the form of nanorods is beneficial for an efficient pathway to penetrate an OH− ion into the electroactive material. Among other cobaltite (MCo2O4), NiCo2O4 nanorod exhibits the outstanding capacitance value of 2041.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. NiCo2O4 || NiCo2O4 symmetric supercapacitor system delivers the maximum energy density of 25.42 W h kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1.
Synthesis of Di‐Substituted Alkynes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling and C‐H Activation
Authors: Gómez‐Herrera Alberto , Nahra Fady , Wu Jiufeng , Izquierdo Frédéric , Brill Marcel , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA straightforward methodology for the decarboxylative cross‐coupling of aryl bromides and phenylpropiolic acid using a Pd(II)‐NHC catalyst has been developed. Various aryl bromides have been successfully transformed into the corresponding di‐substituted alkynes using environmentally benign conditions (weak base and ethanol as solvent). This efficient catalytic system also proved useful for the copper‐free Sonogashira coupling of aryl and alkenyl bromides with various terminal alkynes. The synthetic utility of these methodologies was highlighted in the synthesis of a polyaromatic compound and various fluoroenynes.