bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estradiol Increases Glutamate and GABA Neurotransmission into GnRH Neurons via Retrograde NO-Signaling in Proestrous Mice during the Positive Estradiol Feedback Period
Authors: Farkas Imre , Bálint Flóra , Farkas Erzsébet , Vastagh Csaba , Fekete Csaba , Liposits Zsolt 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSurge release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential in the activation of pituitary gonadal unit at proestrus afternoon preceded by the rise of serum 17β-estradiol (E2) level during positive feedback period. Here, we describe a mechanism of positive estradiol feedback regulation acting directly on GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GFP) neurons of mice. Whole-cell clamp and loose patch recordings revealed that a high physiological dose of estradiol (200 pM), significantly increased firing rate at proestrus afternoon. The mPSC frequency at proestrus afternoon also increased, whereas it decreased at metestrus afternoon and had no effect at proestrus morning. Inhibition of the estrogen receptor β (ERβ), intracellular blockade of the Src kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and scavenge of nitric oxide (NO) inside GnRH neurons prevented the facilitatory estradiol effect indicating involvement of the ERβ/Src/PI3K/Akt/nNOS pathway in this fast, direct stimulatory effect. Immunohistochemistry localized soluble guanylate cyclase, the main NO receptor, in both glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals innervating GnRH neurons. Accordingly, estradiol facilitated neurotransmissions to GnRH neurons via both GABAA-R and glutamate/AMPA/kainate-R. These results indicate that estradiol acts directly on GnRH neurons via the ERβ/Akt/nNOS pathway at proestrus afternoon generating NO that retrogradely accelerates GABA and glutamate release from the presynaptic terminals contacting GnRH neurons. The newly explored mechanism might contribute to the regulation of the GnRH surge, a fundamental prerequisite of the ovulation.
Functional Connectivity of Chronic Cocaine Use Reveals Progressive Neuroadaptations in Neocortical, Striatal, and Limbic Networks
Authors: Orsini Caitlin A. , Colon-Perez Luis M. , Heshmati Sara C. , Setlow Barry , Febo Marcelo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrain imaging studies indicate that chronic cocaine users display altered functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical, thalamic, striatal, and limbic regions; however, the use of cross-sectional designs in these studies precludes measuring baseline brain activity prior to cocaine use. Animal studies can circumvent this limitation by comparing functional connectivity between baseline and various time points after chronic cocaine use. In the present study, adult male Long–Evans rats were trained to self-administer cocaine intravenously for 6 h sessions daily over 14 consecutive days. Two additional groups serving as controls underwent sucrose self-administration or exposure to the test chambers alone. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted before self-administration and after 1 and 14 d of abstinence (1d and 14d Abs). After 1d Abs from cocaine, there were increased clustering coefficients in brain areas involved in reward seeking, learning, memory, and autonomic and affective processing, including amygdala, hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus, and thalamus. Similar changes in clustering coefficient after 1d Abs from sucrose were evident in predominantly thalamic brain regions. Notably, there were no changes in strength of functional connectivity at 1 or 14 d after either cocaine or sucrose self-administration. The results suggest that cocaine and sucrose can change the arrangement of functional connectivity of brain regions involved in cognition and emotion, but that these changes dissipate across the early stages of abstinence. The study also emphasizes the importance of including baseline measures in longitudinal functional neuroimaging designs seeking to assess functional connectivity in the context of substance use.
Determinación de las propiedades mecánicas del cuero fino de vaca sometido a condiciones variadas de temperatura y humedad
Authors: Briguido Jose Miguel , Calderón Julieta Fabiana , Recchioni Liliana Laura , Diaz Adriana Cecilia 
Published: July 2018

Este proyecto consiste en someter distintas probetas de cuero tipo (SOFT) de mayor calidad y costo, a tres tipos de ensayos mecánicos: determinación de la resistencia a la tracción y del alargamiento porcentual, determinación de la resistencia al desgarramiento mediante el método de los 2 bordes y ensayo de desgarramiento en un punto de costura por el método de los dos orificios.El objetivo es observar si la resistencia del cuero a determinadas condiciones de temperatura y humedad sufre alguna modificación significativa. Se utilizó un modelo completamente aleatorizado y un modelo estadístico de covariable y pruebas a posteriori se realizaron pruebas de acuerdo A Fisher.La estimación de parámetros se realizó de acuerdo con el método REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) utilizando el software InfoStat. Después de probar la igualdad de efectos del tratamiento, se prueba normalidad con Shapiro Wilks a un nivel de significación del 1%.Se concluye que existe gran heterogeneidad en las mediciones en todas las variables bajo diferentes tratamientos de humedad y temperatura, dados los altos valores de coeficientes de variación y que las propiedades mecánicas del tipo de cuero soft, no tienen variación significativa cuando se somete a condiciones diferentes de lo normal.
Clasificación de las rutas de la red de transporte público modalidad autobús de Costa Rica
Authors: Quiros-Calderon Cristhian Santiago , Aguero-Valverde Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

Este artículo presenta una metodología utilizada para la clasificación de las distintas rutas que componen la totalidad de la red de transporte público modalidad autobús de Costa Rica. El procedimiento se realiza a partir de la necesidad de identificar rutas con problemas tarifarios que terminan por trasladar los costos de operación a los usuarios, para lo cual la desagregación en subgrupos a partir de características comunes facilita la tarea. Debido a la carencia de información relacionada con las características de operación de la red nacional de transporte público, la categorización se realiza aprovechando las variables con la mayor cantidad de información disponible, en este caso: ubicación, estructura, extensión y pendiente. El proceso consiste en la combinación de los subgrupos de las variables seleccionadas, en un orden de jerarquía, con el objetivo de llevar a cabo la agrupación de ramales que presenten comportamientos homogéneos, que faciliten la identificación de rutas con comportamientos atípicos respecto a la tarifa cobrada. Como resultado se obtienen grupos más homogéneos, reflejado en la reducción de la dispersión de las distintas variables analizadas.
Empleo del método espectroscópico UV-Visible para la determinación de asfaltenos en crudos extrapesados
Authors: Bernal Samaniego Cesar Augusto 
Published: July 2018

En este estudio se determinó la cantidad de asfáltenos obtenidos en crudo extrapesados resultantes de la aplicación del proceso de desasfaltación por el método espectroscópico UV-visible, con la finalidad de determinar si el método anteriormente estandarizado para crudos pesados podía emplearse en crudos extrapesados y obtener buenas correlaciones a la hora de la determinación. Se demuestra que efectivamente se puede emplear este método tanto para crudos pesados como extra pesados, como una alternativa para determinar contenido de asfaltenos; disminuyendo el tiempo de análisis y contenido de disolvente empleados en los métodos tradicionales ASTM.
A Case of Nivolumab-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid: Review of Dermatologic Toxicity Associated with Programmed Cell Death Protein-1/Programmed Death Ligand-1 Inhibitors and Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Lopez Adriana T. , Geskin Larisa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Immunotherapy has emerged as a highly effective treatment for numerous cancers. Use of checkpoint inhibitors against various molecules including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 have become widespread in clinical practice. Compared with conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy is associated with a unique set of immune reactions known collectively as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Of known irAEs, cutaneous toxicity is among the most frequently observed in patients treated with immunotherapy. Although often mild, dermatologic toxicity can occasionally be high grade and potentially life-threatening. In this article, we report a case of PD-1 inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid—a serious adverse event that has been increasingly observed with use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. We will also review diagnosis and management of low-grade cutaneous irAEs and bullous disease with checkpoint inhibitors.

Key Points
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare but potentially serious dermatologic toxicity associated with checkpoint inhibitors In patients with pruritus or rash that is refractory to topical steroids, physicians should have a greater index of suspicion for higher-grade cutaneous immune-related adverse events. There is no standardized treatment algorithm for management of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced BP, but patients frequently require topical and systemic steroids.
Objetos de aprendizagem e ensino de literatura: inovação ou tradição?
Authors: Fernandes Marly Aparecida 
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo discute a dimensão pedagógica e as possibilidades de uso significativo de objetos de aprendizagem para ensinar literatura no contexto brasileiro de Ensino Médio. Ele discute algumas perspectivas dos multiletramentos (COPE; KALANTZIS, 2006 [2000]; 2012) para a compreensão dos conteúdos dos objetos de aprendizagem e de modelos (designs) de aprendizagens, além de conceitos dos novos letramentos (LANKSHEAR; KNOBEL, 2011 [2007]) no sentido de se pensar em outras mentalidades e mudanças de posturas para ensinar literatura utilizando esses objetos de aprendizagem. Considera a necessidade de buscar discussões mais consistentes e amplas que objetivem avanços expressivos em relação às propostas de ensino de literatura com o uso de objetos de aprendizagem.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: objetos de aprendizagem; multiletramentos; novos letramentos.

ABSTRACT: This article discusses the pedagogical dimension and the possibilities for a significant use of learning objects for teaching literature in the Brazilian Middle School context. It discusses some multiliteracies perspectives (COPE; KALANTZIS, 2006 [2000]; 2012) for the understanding contents of learning objects as well as learning designs for teaching literature, and new literacies concepts (LANKSHEAR; KNOBEL, 2011 [2007]) are also considered an attempt to understanding new ethos and new mindset for teaching literature using these learning objects. It considers necessary more consistent discussions concerning proposals of teaching literature using learning objects.
KEYWORDS: learning objects; multiliteracies; new literacies.
Discusión de factores pronóstico en dos casos familiares de fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas
Authors: Delgado de la Mora Jesús , Licona Enríquez Jesús David , Candia-Plata María del Carmen , Álvarez Hernández Gerardo 
Published: July 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas constituye un problema de salud pública en México, pues genera una elevada tasa de mortalidad. La información relacionada con factores pronóstico (estado nutricional, inmunológico e inóculo bacteriano) es escasa al respecto.CASOS CLÍNICOS: Se reporta el caso clínico de dos pacientes (hermanos): un varón de 9 (caso 1) y una niña de 10 años (caso 2), procedentes de una localidad urbana del sur de Sonora, México, sin antecedentes heredofamiliares ni patológicos de relevancia para el padecimiento actual. Su dieta incluía todos los grupos alimenticios, tres veces al día. Refirieron antecedente de contacto con garrapatas, dentro y fuera de su casa, y convivencia con perros ectoparasitados. Ambos iniciaron con similar cuadro clínico (fiebre, malestar general y exantema). Se prescribió doxiciclina con el mismo esquema y día de evolución; sin embargo, uno de los pacientes falleció y el otro mejoró clínicamente, sin secuelas aparentes. De acuerdo con los hallazgos clínicos o pruebas de laboratorio se estableció el diagnóstico de fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas.CONCLUSIONES: La diferencia en el pronóstico de los pacientes con fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas puede relacionarse con el estado nutricional e inmunológico, así como con la magnitud del inóculo. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales para examinar la participación de dichos factores en el pronóstico de pacientes infectados por Rickettsia rickettsii. PALABRAS CLAVES: Rickettsia rickettsii; enfermedades por garrapatas; pronóstico.
Uji Viabilitas Virus Dengue Serotipe 3 pada Beberapa Galur Sel (Cell-Line)
Authors: Supardan Dadan , Widada Jaka , Wibawa Tri , Wijayanti Nastiti 
Published: July 2018

Infeksi virus dengue (DENV) merupakan infeksi yang menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di dunia dan salah satu infeksi yang sangat berbahaya terutama dinegara tropis seperti Indonesia.Infeksi dengue disebabkan oleh 4 serotipe virus dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, dan DENV-4). Virus dengue serotipe 3 (DENV-3) merupakan serotipe dengan karakteristik lebih virulen. Sampai saat ini belum tersedia vaksin dan obat untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan infeksi virus dengue, sehingga penelitian penemuan obat demam berdarah sangat penting dilakukan, akan tetapi pengujian virus dengue pada kultur sel atau cell-line masih banyak mengalami kendala. Salah satu kendala yang sering dijumpai peneliti dalam pengujian senyawa tertentu terhadap virus dengue yaitu virus tersebut tidak mampu berkembang secara optimal pada beberapa jenis kulturcell-line, sehingga dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui viabilitas virus dengue pada beberapa kultur cell-line. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kulturcell line yang paling cocok digunakan untuk berbagai pengujian infeksi DENV-3.
Implementasi Media Audio Visual dalam Pembelajaran IPA Biologi Materi Virus pada Siswa Kelas XA DI MA Qur’aniyah Batu Kuta Narmada Dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016
Authors: Hidayat Fendi , Suhirman Suhirman , Fadli Adi 
Published: July 2018

Terkait dengan rumusan masalah yang diangkat, maka tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa Kelas X A dengan mengimplementasikan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran IPA biologi materi virus di MA Qur‟aniyah Batu Kuta Naramada Tahun Pelajaran2015/2016.Penelitian ini mengunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK).Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MA Qur‟aniyah Batu Kuta Narmada Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016 yang bejumlah 31 yang dijadika Subjek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data meng-gunakan Observasi, Dokumentasi. Dari analisi observasi siklus I mendapatkan hasil 60% dengan criteria siswa yaitu cukup Aktif di dalam proses pembelajaran, sedangkan pada siklus II menda-patkan hasil 86%. Dari hasil siklus I dengan siklus II, maka peneliti dapat mengemukakan terdapat peningkatan aktivitas belajar dengan implementasikan Media Audio Visual Pada siswa Kelas X MA Qur‟aniyah Batu Kuta Narmada m Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Dengan demikian Implementasi Media Audio Visual dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa.
Variasi Genetik Kacang Komak (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) Menggunakan Penanda RAPD di Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Jayanti Ervina Titi , Kasiamdari Rina S. , Daryono Budi S. 
Published: July 2018

Penanda RAPD digunakan untuk evaluasi hubungan genetik diantara 26 aksesi kacang komak di Pulau Lombok. Koleksi sampel menggunakan metode jelajah di 4 kabupaten ada di Pulau Lombok, isolasi DNA menggunakan kit Nucleon Phytopure. Amplifikasi DNA menggunakan PCR dengan 5 primer yaitu L 11 (5’- ACGATGAGCC-3'), OPB 8 (5'-GTCCACACGG-3'), OPB 15 (5'-CGAGGGTGTT-3'), OPB 17 (5'-AGGGAACGAG-3'), dan OPH 6 (5'-ACGCATCGCA-3'). Prosedur PCR yang dilakukan mengacu pada yang telah dilakukan oleh Williams et al. (1990). Analisis kluster menggunakan UPGMA dengan menggunakan koefisien Jaccard. Pada koefisien 0,71 atau nilai similaritas 71% anggota kacang komak yang ada di P. Lombok mengelompok membentuk 4 klaster utama yaitu klaster I, II, III, dan IV. Pola pengelompokan kacang komak yang ada di P. Lombok secara molekular tidak mencerminkan pola pengelompokan berdasarkan karakter morfologi polong maupun wilayah geografis.
KOMPETENSI TUTOR KESETARAAN PAKET C DAN HASIL BELAJAR WARGA BELAJAR PADA PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT
Authors: Hadiyanti Puji 
Published: July 2018

Community learning center (PKBM) tutors should have professional pedagogic, personal and social competencies. This study aimed at investigating whether the tutors in PKBM Miftahul Jannah, East Jakarta have such competencies. This study also investigated the learners. achievement . A survey using questionnaire was conducted for that purpose. This study reveals that the tutors have such competencies whereas the learners' achievement vary. This study also provides suggestions to improve the tutors quality.
MODEL PELATIHAN TERPADU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN FUNGSI DAN PERAN SOSIAL ANAK DALAM MEMBINA KEMANDIRIAN
Authors: Hadita Akmala 
Published: July 2018

Some problems are often faced in educating children to be self-reliant. On the other hand independency is much required in their future life. This research conducted in RSPA Cisurupan, Garut, in April 2010 until April 2011, aimed at developing an integrated training model to improve function and social roles of the children in the independency. Employing research and development design with planning, preparation, implementation and maintaining, as well as evaluation, the model development involved the parents or the family members and the children. The research produced the Integrated Training Model to Improve the Function and Social Roles of the Children in Developing the Self-reliance, which had been validated in this research.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KEAKSARAAN FUNGSIONAL BERBASIS POTENSI PERTANIAN BAGI PEMBERDAYAAN KOMUNITAS ADAT TERPENCIL
Authors: Mahu Saing 
Published: July 2018

The problems of illiteracy and poverty have not been optimally overcome through the development of functional literacy program based on local potential. This research aims to develop literacy-based learning model to empower the local potential of the Remote Indigenous Communities. This study employed research and development approach and the data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation study. The respondents consisted of the program, traditional leaders / community, tutors, and program participants in five villages PKBM organizers, District Waiapo . The research producedliteracy learning model which has significant positive effect on the empowerment of remote indigenous communities in the functional literacy program.
Peningkatan Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Konversi Embrio Somatik Kopi Robusta Klon BP 308
Authors: Ibrahim Meynarti Sari Dewi , Hartati RR. Sri 
Published: July 2018

<em>Robusta coffee </em>(Coffea canephora)<em> is a cross-pollinated plant, therefore vegetative propagation is necessary to ensure identical traits with parents, such as tissue culture techniques through somatic embryo. The study aimed to find the effect of plant growth regulator 2.4-D and thidiazuron in inducing embryogenic callus, by adding incision area on leaf explant, and to evaluate addition of GA<sub>3</sub> in increasing somatic embryo conversion. The study was conducted from December 2014 to June 2016 in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, IAARD, Bogor. The research consisted of 2 stages. Stage 1 used a complete randomized design of 2 factors; the first factor was a combination of plant growth regulator 2.4-D (1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) and thidiazuron (1.0; 3.0; and 5.0 mg/l), the second factor was leaf incision (slashed and unslashed). Stage 2 used a complete randomized design, with GA<sub>3 </sub>treatment at different concentrations (0.0; 0.5; and 1.0 mg/l). Observed variables were percentage of callus formation, fresh weight of callus, number of torpedoes, number of somatic embryos at cotyledon stage, and number of germinated embryo. The results showed growth regulatory treatments influenced the percentage of embryogenic callus formation and fresh weight of callus. Extra incision on leaf showed no effect in embryogenic callus induction. Embryogenic callus inducted using 2.4-D 1.0 mg/l + thidiazuron 5.0 mg/l medium which then regenerated in ½ MS medium added with kinetin 2 mg/l exhibited the highest number of germination. Adding GA<sub>3</sub> 0.1 mg/l in regeneration medium is recommended to increase somatic embryos of Robusta coffee BP 308 clone.</em>
Percepção de estudantes de Odontologia sobre recessão gengival
Authors: Souza Melo Waleska Ohana de , Carneiro Andreza Dias Garcia , Pereira Jozinete Vieira , Gomes Raquel Christina Barboza 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção quanto às recessões gengivais de estudantes de Odontologia de uma Universidade da Paraíba. Material e Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa transversal com análise descritiva e analítica, tendo como instrumento um questionário estruturado sobre a etiologia e classificação das recessões gengivais, bem como a indicação de procedimentos terapêuticos das mesmas. A amostra foi obtida por conveniência, composta pelos estudantes regularmente matriculados do sétimo ao décimo períodos, destes, um total de 94 de 110, responderam ao questionário. Resultados: A maioria dos estudantes (54,26%) não tinha conhecimento sobre a classificação de recessão gengival de Miller. Entretanto, grande parte deles obteve êxito ao afirmar que o tabagismo, a higiene bucal e o tratamento ortodôntico têm influência sobre as recessões gengivais. Além disso, no que diz respeito à escolha do tratamento, 93,6% dos estudantes afirmaram haver relação dependente com a etiologia da recessão. A partir da avaliação das respostas, observou-se que os estudantes do 7º período apresentaram a maior média de acertos, seguidos dos 8º, 10º e 9º períodos, no entanto, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os períodos. A análise dos resultados mostrou ainda que não há consenso entre os estudantes a respeito de quais condutas seriam recomendadas para o tratamento e prevenção das recessões gengivais. Conclusão: Dentro dos limites do presente estudo, pôde-se concluir que há necessidade de um melhor entendimento dos mesmos, sugerindo-se uma melhor abordagem teórico-prática referente ao assunto.Descritores: Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde; Educação em Odontologia; Estudantes de Odontologia; Periodontia; Retração Gengival.
Cirilo Huapaya Manco
Authors: Del Águila Ríos Inés 
Published: July 2018

Don Cirilo Huapaya Manco es sin duda un ejemplo de un imprescindible peruano patrimonialista. A su conocimiento sobre el Perú, forjado en el día a día de la investigación arqueológica, se suma su labor de difusión pedagógica, teñida de gran afecto en cada uno de los detalles descriptivos de los bienes culturales que descubrió, y trasmitió a sus alumnos en el aula o en el campo.