bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertrophic muscle growth and metabolic efficiency were impaired by chronic heat stress, improved by zilpaterol supplementation, and not affected by ractopamine supplementation in feedlot lambs1
Authors: Barnes Taylor L , Cadaret Caitlin N , Beede Kristin A , Schmidt Ty B , Petersen Jessica L , Yates Dustin T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Feedlot performance is reduced by heat stress and improved by β adrenergic agonists (βAA). However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these outcomes are not well characterized, and anecdotal reports suggest that βAA may confound the effects of heat stress on wellbeing. Thus, we sought to determine how heat stress and βAA affect growth, metabolic efficiency, and health indicators in lambs on a feedlot diet. Wethers (38.6 ± 1.9 kg) were housed under thermoneutral (controls; n = 25) or heat stress (n = 24) conditions for 21 d. In a 2 × 3 factorial, their diets contained no supplement (unsupplemented), ractopamine (β1AA), or zilpaterol (β2AA). Blood was collected on days −3, 3, 9, and 21. On day 22, lambs were harvested and ex vivo skeletal muscle glucose oxidation was determined to gauge metabolic efficiency. Feet and organ tissue damage was assessed by veterinary pathologists. Heat stress reduced (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake by 21%, final bodyweight (BW) by 2.6 kg, and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle mass by 5%. β2AA increased (P &lt; 0.05) FDS mass/BW by 9% and average muscle fiber area by 13% compared with unsupplemented lambs. Blood lymphocytes and monocytes were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in heat-stressed lambs, consistent with systemic inflammation. Plasma insulin was 22% greater (P &lt; 0.05) and glucose/insulin was 16% less (P &lt; 0.05) in heat-stressed lambs than controls. Blood plasma urea nitrogen was increased (P &lt; 0.05) by heat stress on day 3 but reduced (P &lt; 0.05) on days 9 and 21. Plasma lipase and lactate dehydrogenase were reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by heat stress. Glucose oxidation was 17% less (P &lt; 0.05) in muscle from heat-stressed lambs compared with controls and 15% greater (P &lt; 0.05) for β2AA-supplemented compared with unsupplemented lambs. Environment and supplement interacted (P &lt; 0.05) for rectal temperature, which was increased (P &lt; 0.05) by heat stress on all days but more so (P &lt; 0.05) in β2AA-supplemented lambs on days 4, 9, and 16. Heat stress increased (P &lt; 0.05) the frequency of hoof wall overgrowth, but βAA did not produce any pathologies. We conclude that reduced performance in heat-stressed lambs was mediated by reduced feed intake, muscle growth, and metabolic efficiency. β2AA increased muscle growth and improved metabolic efficiency by increasing muscle glucose oxidation, but no such effects were observed with ractopamine. Finally, βAA supplementation was not detrimental to health indicators in this study, nor did it worsen the effects of heat stress.
Allometric growth, sexual maturity, and life cycle of Aegla lata (Decapoda, Anomura), a critically endangered species
Authors: Chaves Mariane R , Marçal Ingrid C , Shimizu Roberto M , Bueno Sérgio Ls , Teixeira Gustavo M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAegla lata Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994 is a critically endangered species, extinct in its type-locality. Its currently known geographical distribution is restricted to small streams of the lower Tibagi River Basin (Paraná state, southern Brazil), where it is vulnerable to the environmental degradation that takes place in these watersheds. Scientific knowledge on the species is limited to the original description and a few occurrence records. No information about its biology is available. Aiming to fill this gap, we investigated the relative growth, sexual maturity, sexual dimorphism, and the reproductive and recruitment periods of A. lata. Monthly sampling occurred from May 2014 through June 2015 in the Bule stream in the southern limit of Mata dos Godoy State Park, Londrina, Paraná state, Brazil (23°27ʹ20.86″S, 51°16ʹ32.44″W). The analysis of allometric growth was used to differentiate juveniles and adults. According to the development stage of the chelae, two sequential groups of adult males were recognized (morphotypes I and II). The estimated average cephalothorax length (CL) at the onset of morphometric maturity of males and females are similar, suggesting puberty molt takes place at nearly the same size in both sexes. Males and females are heterochelous, with a clear predominance of the left chela as the most developed of the pair. Both chelae are larger in adult males than in adult females of similar CL. The reproductive period is markedly seasonal, extending from the austral autumn to winter (May to August), as well as those recorded in other species of Aegla from similar latitudes. A single annual recruitment pulse was detected from October 2014 to February 2015.
Surgical-related risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage after resection for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiao-Tong , Li Lei , Kong Fan-Biao , Zhong Xiao-Gang , Mai Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesAnastomotic leakage (AL) after anterior resection always leads to longer hospital stays, decreased quality of life and even increased mortality. Despite extensive research, no consensus on the world well-concerned surgical-related risk factors exists. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of the available published literature to identify the effects of surgical-related risk factors for AL after anterior resection for rectal cancer, hoping to provide more information and improved guidance for clinical workers managing patients with rectal cancer who are at a high risk for AL.MethodsIn this study, the relevant articles were systematically searched from EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, WangFang (Database of Chinese Ministry of Science & Technology), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and China Biological Medicine Database. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Meta-analysis was performed using of RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and comprised 34238 cases. Analysis of these 26 studies showed that no defunctioning stoma was highly correlated with AL (pooled OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.05–1.57, P = 0.01, random effect), and intraoperative blood transfusion was significantly associated with AL (pooled OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.34–2.02, P = 0.02, random effect). However, the AL was not associated with type of anastomosis, type of surgery, technique of anastomosis, level of inferior mesenteric artery ligation, operation time and splenic flexure mobilization.ConclusionsDepend on this meta-analysis, no defunctioning stoma and intraoperative blood transfusion are the major surgical-related risk factors for AL after resection for rectal cancer. Because of the inherent limitations of the research, future prospective randomized controlled trials will need to confirm this conclusion.
Prediagnostic Plasma Bile Acid Levels and Colon Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kühn Tilman , Stepien Magdalena , López-Nogueroles Marina , Damms-Machado Antje , Sookthai Disorn , Johnson Theron , Roca Marta , Hüsing Anika , Maldonado Sandra González , Cross Amanda J , Murphy Neil , Freisling Heinz , Rinaldi Sabina , Scalbert Augustin , Fedirko Veronika , Severi Gianluca , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Mancini Francesca Romana , Sowah Solomon A , Boeing Heiner , Jakszyn Paula , Sánchez Maria J , Merino Susana , Colorado-Yohar Sandra , Barricarte Aurelio , Khaw Kay Tee , Schmidt Julie A , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , Thriskos Paschalis , Palli Domenico , Agnoli Claudia , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Panico Salvatore , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , van Gils Carla H , Heath Alicia K , Gunter Marc J , Riboli Elio , Lahoz Agustín , Jenab Mazda , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Bile acids have been proposed to promote colon carcinogenesis. However, there are limited prospective data on circulating bile acid levels and colon cancer risk in humans.

Methods
Associations between prediagnostic plasma levels of 17 primary, secondary, and tertiary bile acid metabolites (conjugated and unconjugated) and colon cancer risk were evaluated in a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Bile acid levels were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry in samples from 569 incident colon cancer cases and 569 matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for colon cancer risk across quartiles of bile acid concentrations.

Results
Positive associations were observed between colon cancer risk and plasma levels of seven conjugated bile acid metabolites: the primary bile acids glycocholic acid (ORquartile 4 vs quartile 1= 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 3.26), taurocholic acid (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.58), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.48), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.36), and glycohyocholic acid (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.40), and the secondary bile acids glycodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.54) and taurodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.31). By contrast, unconjugated bile acids and tertiary bile acids were not associated with risk.

Conclusions
This prospective study showed that prediagnostic levels of certain conjugated primary and secondary bile acids were positively associated with risk of colon cancer. Our findings support experimental data to suggest that a high bile acid load is colon cancer promotive.
Brevity is the Soul of Twitter: The Constraint Affordance and Political Discussion
Authors: Jaidka Kokil , Zhou Alvin , Lelkes Yphtach 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Many hoped that social networking sites would allow for the open exchange of information and a revival of the public sphere. Unfortunately, conversations on social media are often toxic and not conducive to healthy political discussions. Twitter, the most widely used social network for political discussions, doubled the limit of characters in a tweet in November 2017, which provided an opportunity to study the effect of technological affordances on political discussions using a discontinuous time series design. Using supervised and unsupervised natural language processing methods, we analyzed 358,242 tweet replies to U.S. politicians from January 2017 to March 2018. We show that doubling the permissible length of a tweet led to less uncivil, more polite, and more constructive discussions online. However, the declining trend in the empathy and respectfulness of these tweets raises concerns about the implications of the changing norms for the quality of political deliberation.
The Macrosecuritization of Antimicrobial Resistance in China
Authors: Thomas Nicholas , Lo Catherine Yuk-ping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an existential threat to humanity, one that has generated a macrosecuritizing response by states and international organizations. Since the turn of the century, China has been a source of numerous infectious disease outbreaks. It is also the origin of the MCR-1 gene, which confers resistance to colistin, a “last-line” antibiotic deployed against multidrug-resistant infections. With the largest population in the world, coupled with its status as a major supplier of agricultural produce, evaluating Chinese responses to AMR is critical to understanding the efficacy of the global response. Drawing on knowledge of both Chinese politics and health security, this article analyzes how Chinese actors have responded to the threat in the public and animal health sectors as well as the domestic and international implications of these responses. Based on interviews with key Chinese and international officials, scientists, and public health specialists, as well as farmers and consumers, we argue that the securitization of AMR in China is currently more concerned with domestic policy and resource competition than with addressing the existential health threat. Without a greater alignment of AMR strategies within China, macrosecuritizing efforts to address the threat globally cannot succeed.
Asthma Management Responsibility, Control, and Quality of Life Among Emerging Adolescents
Authors: Netz Mallory , Fedele David A , Sweenie Rachel , Baker Dawn , Light Michael , McQuaid Elizabeth L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine how asthma control is related to the association between the division of responsibility for asthma management and asthma-related quality of life among early adolescents.

Methods
Forty-nine youth aged 10–15 years (Mage = 12.25, 57.1% female) with a physician-verified asthma diagnosis completed the Standardized Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and Asthma Control Test (ACT). Youth and their caregivers also completed the Asthma Responsibility Questionnaire (ARQ). Higher ACT scores indicate better asthma control.

Results
There was a significant difference in ARQ scores between youth and caregivers (p &lt; .001, d = .94). Youth reported sharing equal responsibility for asthma management with caregivers, while caregivers reported having more responsibility relative to youth. Greater youth-reported ARQ (p = .004) and greater ACT scores (p &lt; .001) were associated with higher PAQLQ scores. ACT scores moderated the effect of youth-reported ARQ on PAQLQ scores (p = .043). For youth with lower ACT scores, higher youth-reported responsibility was associated with higher PAQLQ scores; while for youth with higher ACT scores, PAQLQ scores were high regardless of perceived responsibility. The interaction between caregiver ARQ scores and ACT scores was not significant.

Conclusion
This study suggests youth and caregivers report discrepant ARQ for asthma management tasks. Responsibility and level of asthma control are important factors for PAQLQ, with results indicating that fostering responsibility is an important factor, even among youth with poorly controlled asthma. Findings suggest that healthcare providers should assess family responsibility and help caregivers support adolescents in developing asthma management skills.
Gatekeeping and our moral fabric: Has social capital deterioration vanquished professional oversight?
Authors: Bierman Leonard , Brymer Rhett A , Dust Scott B , Hwang Hyunseok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial capital deterioration in the USA, and indeed throughout the world, has had considerable impact on professional service firms (PSFs). Governmental entities at various levels have enacted new laws and regulations (e.g. the Sarbanes Oxley and Dodd-Frank Acts in the USA) to help ameliorate this situation, but to relatively little avail. Traditional gatekeeping functions of PSFs seem to be deteriorating. Is there hope for the future? This article addresses that issue in the context of work by drawing on the insight and research of Robert Putnam and John Coffee and encouraging advancement of multiple agency theory and governance for today’s world.
Added value of loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology (LAMP) in real life for the diagnosis of malaria in travellers
Authors: Burdino Elisa , Calleri Guido , Ghisetti Valeria 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Malaria diagnosis in non-endemic countries is questioned by lack of experience and low levels of parasite densities. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is aimed at simplifying these challenges. In a prospective evaluation over a 2-year period, LAMP significantly simplified malaria identification in 478 febrile travellers and can be considered the primary diagnostic test in this setting.
Severe dengue in travellers: pathogenesis, risk and clinical management
Authors: Halstead Scott , Wilder-Smith Annelies 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRationale for reviewDengue is a frequent cause of febrile illness among travellers and has overtaken malaria as the leading cause of febrile illness for those traveling to Southeast Asia. The purpose is to review the risk of dengue and severe dengue in travellers with a particular focus on the pathogenesis and clinical management of severe dengue.Risk, pathogenesis and clinical managementThe risk of travel-acquired dengue depends on destination, season and duration of travel and activities during travel. Seroconversion rates reported in travellers, therefore, vary between <1% and >20%. The most common life-threatening clinical response to dengue infection is the dengue vascular permeability syndrome, epidemiologically linked to secondary infection, but can also occur in primary infection. Tertiary and quaternary infections are usually associated with mild or no disease. Antibody-dependent enhancement, viral factors, age, host factors and clinical experience of the managing physician modulate the risk of progressing to severe dengue. The relative risk of severe dengue in secondary versus primary infection ranges from 2 to 7. The absolute risk of severe dengue in children in highly endemic areas is ~0.1% per year for primary infections and 0.4% for secondary infections. About 2–4% of secondary infections lead to severe dengue. Severe dengue and death are both relatively rare in general travellers but more frequently in those visiting friends and relatives. Clinical management of severe dengue depends on judicious use of fluid rehydration.ConclusionsAlthough dengue is a frequent cause of travel illness, severe dengue and deaths are rare. Nevertheless, dengue infections can interrupt travel and lead to evacuation and major out-of-pocket costs. Dengue is more frequent than many other travel-related vaccine preventable diseases, such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever, indicating a need for a dengue vaccine for travellers.
John Berryman’s Last Prayers
Authors: McGowan Philip 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines John Berryman’s last two poetry collections, Love & Fame (1970) and Delusions, etc. (1972) as the poetic articulations of Berryman’s intense scholarly engagement with philosophical and theological discourse. In eschewing confessional readings of his work, the article rehabilitates the term ‘confession’ as Berryman understood it: not as part of recurrent and reductive analyses of the Middle Generation but, rather, as a doctrinal node within Berryman’s theological conceptions of selfhood in relation to God and the role of prayer. In addition, this article connects Berryman's late work to theological frameworks beyond Christianity, principally to the work of S�ren Kierkegaard as well as to aspects of Jewish faith, both of which were enduring interests for Berryman.
Violence and the Romance of Community: Darkness and Enlightenment in Patrick Friesen’s The Shunning
Authors: Kennel Maxwell 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines one literary expression of the ambiguities of violence in community life through a reading of Patrick Friesen’s The Shunning. By looking to the ways in which the social bonds of community identity are achieved, maintained, and challenged within the ostensibly nonviolent community of Old Colony Russian Mennonites that Friesen’s work portrays, this study focuses on how confluences of community, power, and violence are represented in literary form. Using tools provided by Miranda Joseph’s Against the Romance of Community and Michel Foucault’s critique of Enlightenment blackmail, the following study brings aspects of Mennonite transgressive literature into conversation with critical theory and interprets the portrayal of community discipline in The Shunning within the broader context of the contested relationships between the Enlightenment, modernity, and postmodernity.
Ontology-based analysis of the large collection of historical Hebrew manuscripts
Authors: Zhitomirsky-Geffet Maayan , Prebor Gila , Miller Isaac 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new semi-automatic methodology for construction of event-based ontology from the library catalogue of the largest collection in the world of metadata records of historical Hebrew manuscripts. Based on the constructed ontology, we developed and implemented a new framework for catalogue data enrichment, correction, and its systematic quantitative analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the results of the proposed large-scale analysis of three most prominent event types in the corpus, as well as a few cross-event relations and trends.
Adversative versus concessive while-clauses in native and learner English texts: A corpus-based systemic functional description
Authors: Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite the commonly reported underuse of linking adverbials of contrast and concession (such as yet, nevertheless) by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in writing, relatively little is known about the use of structural conjunctions in this regard. The present work uses a corpus approach to investigate the use of while, a polysemous conjunction of contrast and concession, in the writing of Chinese EFL learners as compared with their British native-speaker counterparts. The analysis of while-clauses is informed by clause-complexing and textual descriptions of clause in Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2013). Preference for initial concessive while-clauses by native-speaker students was found, in sharp contrast to the dominant use of final adversative while-clauses by Chinese EFL learners. Analysis of the native-speaker data revealed that initial concessive while-clause is characterized by equivalence or relatedness of topical themes of while-clause and its main clause, confirming the discourse-organizing function of thematic hypotactic clauses. In addition, the pattern of non-human subjects and low-value modal operators (e.g. While this … may …) associated dominantly and exclusively with initial concessive while-clauses in the native corpus serves further evidence of distinctive features of concessive while-clauses. This study adds to a growing body of literature on the SFL approach to second language writing and is among the first to combine corpus-based methodologies and SFL theoretical framework to analyze logico-semantic relations. The study concludes with some pedagogical implications for teaching adversative and concessive while-clauses to EFL learners.
Sample statistics as convincing evidence: a tax fraud case†
Authors: Lillestøl Jostein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis work deals with the analysis of data used by tax officials to support their claim of tax fraud at a pizzeria. The possibilities of embezzlement under study are overreporting of takeaway sales and underreporting of cash payments. Standard methods based on normal assumptions and models based on Gamma assumptions are contrasted. Criteria for the choice of method in practice are discussed, among them, how easy the method is to understand, justify and communicate to the parties. Some dilemmas present itself: the choice of statistical method, its role in building the evidence, the choice of risk factor, the application of legal principles like ‘clear and convincing evidence’ and ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. The insights gained may be useful for both tax officials and expert witnesses, as well as defenders of the taxpayer. A detailed exposition is given, both from the frequentist and Bayesian position, in order to prepare for the various statistical arguments that may be used by the parties. The presented Gamma approach may be applied to any business dealing with ratios of aggregated sales.