bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between Current Clinical Practice and Evidence-Based Guideline Recommendations Regarding Tocolysis – an Austria-wide Survey
Authors: Enengl Sabine , Rath Werner , Kehl Sven , Oppelt Peter , Mayr Andreas , Stroemer Annika , Eichinger Teresa , Lastinger Julia , Stelzl Patrick 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the adherence of Austrian obstetricians to national guideline recommendations by investigating data on the current practice of tocolysis regarding indications, timing and monitoring of tocolysis, choice of tocolytics and serious side effects, maintenance tocolysis, support of decision-making and recommendations at patient’s discharge from the hospital.78 obstetric departments in Austria were invited to participate in a nationwide survey between June 5th and August 31st 2023 by answering a web-based questionnaire about clinical standards. The survey was conducted approximately one year after implementation of the AWMF Guideline “Prevention and Therapy of Preterm Birth” 015‑025. Collected data were analyzed descriptively by performing measures of frequency. Fisher’s exact test was used for group comparison.The response rate was 69.2% (33.3% perinatal centers, 66.7% standard care). The most important indication of tocolysis were ≥ 4 contractions within 20 minutes of CTG tracing, as stated by 26 (48.1%) of the respondents; the AWMF Guideline 015‑025 (2022) was the most important decision-making support for tocolytic treatment (61.1%). 19 (35.2%) of obstetric units started tocolysis earliest at 23 + 0 weeks of gestation. Atosiban was the first-line tocolytic drug used by 43 (79.6%) of obstetric units, followed by nifedipine (n = 7, 13.0%); 49 of 54 obstetric units (90.7%) stated to perform maintenance tocolysis, among these 46 (93.9%) not routinely but on special indications (e.g. placenta previa). Serious side effects were observed by 77.8% of the respondents, mostly associated with the use of hexoprenaline.Our survey revealed considerable discrepancies between evidence-based guideline recommendations and daily clinical practice in Austrian hospitals.
Changes in Liver Shear Wave Elastography of Preterm Infants during Hospitalization
Authors: Kemmotsu Takahiro , Shimokaze Tomoyuki , Morita Yusuke , Saito Tomoko , Toyoshima Katsuaki 
Published: November 2024

Objective Liver evaluation is essential in preterm infants because of exposure to hepatotoxic drugs, the effects of parenteral nutrition, and their organ immaturity. The clinical significance of shear wave elastography (SWE) which measures tissue elasticity, is unclear in preterm infants. For SWE application to liver evaluation in preterm infants, we examined the postnatal course and factors associated with changes.
Study Design We prospectively measured liver SWE values every other week in 37 preterm infants born at 23 to 35 weeks gestation and 12 term infants born after 36 weeks gestation.
Results The median early postnatal liver SWE value was 1.22 (interquartile range, 1.19–1.26) m/s. The correlations of liver SWE values with gestational age and birth weight were r = −0.18 (p = 0.23) and r = −0.21 (p = 0.157), respectively. The median liver SWE values from birth to 36 to 38 postmenopausal weeks were 1.22 (1.17–1.24) m/s at <28 weeks gestation (n = 9), 1.21 (1.18–1.25) m/s at 28 to 29 weeks gestation (n = 11), 1.24 (1.21–1.28) m/s at 30 to 31 weeks gestation (n = 8), and 1.21 (1.20–1.24) m/s at ≥32 weeks gestation (n = 9). There was no change over time in any gestational age group (p = 0.158). The median liver SWE values were 1.22 (1.17–1.25) m/s (n = 10) and 1.22 (1.19–1.25) m/s (n = 27) for small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants, respectively (p = 0.93). The correlations of abnormally high serum concentrations of direct bilirubin (>1.0 mg/dL) and alanine aminotransferase (>12 IU/L) with liver SWE values were r = 0.37 (p = 0.041) and r = 0.21 (p = 0.35), respectively.
Conclusion Liver SWE values may be useful for the evaluation of liver damage with cholestasis in preterm infants because they remain constant regardless of gestational age and birth weight and do not change over time or with a deviation of body size.
Key Points
Utilizing Perforator Propeller Flaps for Donor Site Closure: Harvesting Large Workhorse Flaps without Lingering Concerns
Authors: Han Tinglu , Khavanin Nima , Zang Mengqing , Zhu Shan , Li Shanshan , Chen Zixiang , Jin Shengyang , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Primary closure of donor sites following large flap harvest may not be feasible. The use of perforator propeller flap (PPF) in this setting is gaining popularity, successfully resurfacing the wound and lessening potential donor-site morbidity. In this study, we aimed to review our experience and outcomes using PPFs in donor-site coverage throughout the body.
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent one or more PPFs surgery for donor site resurfacing between February 2009 and December 2021. Flap and defect characteristics were summarized. Postoperative complications and perioperative factors were analyzed.
Results Fifty-five patients underwent donor-site reconstruction using 68 PPFs. Of the 55 primary donor sites, 44 were covered with a single PPF, 9 with two PPFs, and 2 with three PPFs. One flap experienced complete necrosis and four flaps experienced distal flap necrosis, leading to an overall complication rate of 9.1%. No risk factors were found to be statistically significantly associated with the complication. All secondary PPF donor sites were closed primarily. During the average follow-up period of 15.1 months, none of the patients developed contour deformities or functional impairments.
Conclusion The PPF technique can be safely and effectively used for donor-site closure with minimal complications. It greatly frees surgeons to harvest a large workhorse flap for demanding soft tissue defect reconstruction.
Sociodemographic Status Impacts Ambulatory Outcomes in Lower Extremity Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Stanton Eloise W. , Manasyan Artur , Roohani Idean , Wolfe Erin , Daar David A. , Carey Joseph N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background There is a lack of literature regarding the effects of language barriers, socioeconomic status, racial disparities, and travel distance to the hospital on the outcomes of lower extremity (LE) flap reconstruction. Consequently, this study assesses the potential influence of these factors on ambulation within this specific patient demographic.
Methods A retrospective review was performed between 2007 and 2022 of patients who underwent LE reconstruction with tissue flap placement at a single institution. The primary outcome was ambulation status, with cohorts compared between those who were ambulatory versus nonambulatory. Covariates included race, age, gender, primary language, distance from patient home to hospital, socioeconomic status (determined using area deprivation index [ADI]), and flap characteristics. Outcomes were assessed with multivariable logistic regression.
Results A total of 242 patients who underwent LE flap reconstruction during the study period. The average time to final ambulatory status was 7.0 months (standard deviation: 11.0), with 51.7% requiring either a wheelchair or assistance device and 48.4% being fully ambulatory at final follow-up. The average state ADI for the cohort was 5.8, with Hispanic patients having significantly higher deprivation indexes (6.3 vs. 5.6, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that when controlling for numerous covariates, patients in the highest 15th percentile of deprivation were significantly less likely to be fully ambulatory at final follow-up (odds ratio: 0.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.061–0.806, p = 0.022).
Conclusion The current study emphasizes the substantial impact of socioeconomic disparities on postoperative outcomes in LE flap reconstruction. The finding that patients in the highest 15th percentile of deprivation were less likely to achieve full ambulation underscores the need to prioritize socioeconomic factors in clinical consideration and highlights a crucial avenue for future research.
Facilitating psychological safety in science and research teams
Authors: Jones Megan S. , Cravens Amanda E. , Zarestky Jill , Ngai Courtney , Love Hannah B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractScience is increasingly dependent on large teams working well together. Co-creating knowledge in this way, usually across disciplines and institutions, requires team members to feel comfortable taking interpersonal risks with each other; in other words, to have what is known as “psychological safety”. Although the importance of psychological safety for team functioning is increasingly well understood, the behaviours necessary to foster psychological safety are harder to define. We suggest that science facilitation expertise offers a path forward for scientific teams—particularly through the integration of outside facilitators or team members taking on the facilitation role—to identify dynamics that can promote or curtail psychological safety, interpret those dynamics accurately, and intervene appropriately to shift a group towards greater psychological safety. We describe how specific practices can support this cycle of observation, interpretation, and action to promote psychological safety across the team process and at key moments. We conclude with ideas for how research teams might embed these facilitation practices into their work, and how institutions can drive more widespread recognition and development of the expertise needed to cultivate psychologically safe scientific teams.
Family income does not necessarily lead to a holistic e-learning experience during COVID-19: a study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Senarath Neranjan , Dedunupitiya Wathsala , Ilangarathna Gayanthi , Thilakasiri Isuru , Samarakoon Bhagya , Ramanayake Lakshitha , Godaliyadda Roshan , Ekanayake Parakrama , Herath Vijitha , Pinnawala Mallika , Yatigammana Sakunthala , Ekanayake Janaka , Dharmarathne Samath , Tilakaratne Ganga 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak caused a disruption of the conventional education system worldwide. This resulted in a shift towards online mode of delivery. This study analyzed the pandemic’s effect on the education of students from diverse socioeconomic groups in Sri Lanka. The required data for this study was collected through a nation-wide field survey, covering 3020 households. The factor analysis (FA) performed identified seven significant factors. Thereafter, K-means and spectral clustering were used to cluster the population in order to identify the socioeconomic groups that were impacted in a similar manner. This resulted in the identification of three clusters whose demographics and relationship to the extracted factors were extensively analyzed and interpreted. The study concluded that students in high-income households were more emotionally affected, whereas students in low-income households were mostly affected by a lack of resources. The study also concluded that students from mid-income households were the least affected emotionally.
Lower and upper bounds of decay to the d-dimensional magneto-micropolar equations
Authors: Niu Dongjuan , Shang Haifeng 
Published: December 2024

This paper mainly investigates the large time behavior of the magneto-micropolar equations with zero angular viscosity in Rd (d = 2, 3). The main difficulties lie in the presence of linear curl terms and the lack of micro-rotation velocity dissipation. By utilizing the effect of velocity dissipation and damping term in the equation of micro-rotational velocity, we prove the non-uniform decay and the upper bounds of decay estimates of the global solutions. Furthermore, the lower bounds of decay estimates are shown by making full use of the structure of this system and by introducing a combined quantity. The approach used here can also be applied to derive the lower and upper bounds of decay for the magneto-micropolar equations with full dissipation. We remark that the lower bounds are new even for the fully dissipative system.
Reply to Kassian et al. (2023). Calibrated weighted permutation test detects ancient language connections in the
Circumpolar area (Chukotian-Nivkh and Yukaghir-Samoyedic)
Authors: Ceolin Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Kassian et al. (2023) propose a method to detect ancient linguistic
relationships by means of a weighted permutation test applied to word lists. The method provides evidence for an ancient
historical connection between Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages and Nivkh languages, and between Samoyedic languages and Yukaghir. In
this paper, I argue that while the word lists collected by the authors represent a valid dataset for language comparison and are
supported by extensive etymological work, their statistical tests constitute a departure from the significance testing framework
that has propelled contemporary literature on long-range comparison. I then advance some proposals on how their tests can be
integrated and compared with those traditionally accepted in the literature.
EFL lexical abilities in pre-primary education
Authors: Segura Marta , Met Yağmur Elif 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing need for plurilingualism within the latest decades has led many schools to promote an early start
to Foreign Language (FL) teaching, in some cases as early as in pre-primary education. Research on pre-primary students to
understand FL development in instructed contexts is still scarce. This study examines (1) how English as a FL receptive vocabulary
develops over two years in pre-primary education learners, and (2) which internal and external factors influence it. Data were
collected from 71 Catalan-Spanish bilingual pre-primary students at three times: T1-September 2019
(M
age = 4;6), T2-September 2020 (M
age = 5;1), and T3-June 2021
(M
age = 5;9). EFL receptive vocabulary was measured with the PPVT-4 (Dunn & Dunn, 2007), and at T1 participants’ parents filled in a background questionnaire. Results
showed growth in participants’ lexical abilities from T1-T3. The strongest predictors of lexical development were gender, maternal
education level, school, and EFL out-of-school exposure.
An Assent-Based Training Programme for Waterfowl: Eye Examination Without Physical Manipulation or Restraint
Authors: Hill Kerry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

While it is now broadly considered accepted practice to train animals so that they can be more active participants in their own care and management, standard practice for some bird species can still involve techniques that employ physical manipulation and restraint. In the author’s experience, this largely appears to be the case for waterfowl. In support of a more welfare-centred approach to managing all birds but particularly waterfowl, this case study describes an adult female whistling duck (
Dendrocygna guttata
) and her progression through a training programme designed to (i) facilitate an ophthalmological veterinary examination, and (ii) do so with the bird’s behavioural assent throughout, and therefore without physical manipulation and/or restraint. The duck accepted reinforcers from a free-standing perch (re-)introduced to her enclosure for training sessions, and through approximations towards the goal behaviour, was shaped to present her head with her left eye positioned for the application of anaesthetic eye drops. She was additionally habituated to the presence of multiple people in the examination area and some ophthalmological equipment. The duck was free to leave all training sessions at her discretion, had alternative options for accessing reinforcers, and reinforcers were not withheld outside of training sessions. This case study is an exemplar of waterfowl’s propensity for learning via human-animal interactions, and advocates for the use of training programmes that value animal welfare and agency as much as the acquisition of the goal behaviour.

Information
© The Author 2024
Effective geometry of Bell-network states on a dipole graph
Authors: Baytaş B , Yokomizo N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bell-network states are a class of entangled states of the geometry that satisfy an area-law for the entanglement entropy in a limit of large spins and are automorphism-invariant, for arbitrary graphs. We present a comprehensive analysis of the effective geometry of Bell-network states on a dipole graph. Our main goal is to provide a detailed characterization of the quantum geometry of a class of diffeomorphism-invariant, area-law states representing homogeneous and isotropic configurations in loop quantum gravity, which may be explored as boundary states for the dynamics of the theory. We found that the average geometry at each node in the dipole graph does not match that of a flat tetrahedron. Instead, the expected values of the geometric observables satisfy relations that are characteristic of spherical tetrahedra. The mean geometry is accompanied by fluctuations with considerable relative dispersion for the dihedral angle, and perfectly correlated for the two nodes.
Influence of strain and point defects on the electronic structure and related properties of (111)NiO epitaxial films
Authors: Sahu Bhabani Prasad , Sharma Poonam , Yadav Santosh Kumar , Shukla Alok , Dhar Subhabrata 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
(111)NiO epitaxial films are grown on c-sapphire substrates at various growth temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600

∘

C

using pulsed laser deposition technique. Two series of samples, where different laser fluences are used to ablate the target, are studied here. Films grown with higher laser fluence, are found to be embedded with Ni-clusters crystallographically aligned with the (111)NiO matrix. While the layers grown with lower laser energy density exhibit p-type conductivity, especially at low growth temperatures. X-ray diffraction study shows the coexistence of biaxial compressive and tensile hydrostatic strains in these samples, which results in an expansion of the lattice primarily along the growth direction. This effective uniaxial expansion

ε
⊥

increases with the reduction of the growth temperature. Band gap of these samples is found to decrease linearly with

ε
⊥

. This result is validated by density functional theory calculations. Experimental findings and the theoretical study further indicate that

V

Ni

+

O
I

and

V
O

+

N

i

I

complexes exist as the dominant native defects in samples grown with Ni-deficient (low laser fluence) and Ni-rich (high laser fluence) conditions, respectively. P-type conductivity observed in the samples grown in Ni-deficient conditions is more likely to result from

V

Ni

+

O
I

defects than Ni-vacancies (

V

Ni

).
Structural, dielectric, optical and photocatalytic properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)ZrO3 lead-free perovskite: insights from experimental and ab initio theoretical studies
Authors: Saha Manish , Cho Phyu Phyu , Subrahmanyam Ch , Niranjan Manish K , Asthana Saket 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present structural, dielectric, optical and photocatalytic properties of the room temperature phase of the lead-free perovskite (Na0.5Bi0.5)ZrO3 (NBZ) system. The structural and optical properties are analyzed by combining a first-principles density functional theoretical approach and experimental characterizations. A conventional solid-state method is used for the synthesis process. X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement of the powder patterns at room temperature showed the NBZ material to be orthorhombic perovskite belonging to the space group Pnma. The calculated lattice constants of NBZ are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The dielectric study revealed a diffuse phase transition (DPT) in the vicinity of 290 °C. Based on the microscopic composition fluctuation model and phenomenological theory, a reasonable and effective characterizing parameter, the diffuseness degree, of the DPT is defined. The bandgap energy is estimated using UV–Vis spectroscopy and the optical absorption spectrum. The photocatalytic performance evaluation is performed by investigating the photodegradation kinetics of different pollutants by NBZ under visible light irradiation. The highest degradation efficiency is achieved for methylene blue (MB) dye (99% within 180 min), followed by rhodamine B (RhB), Congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) dyes. Overall, our results suggest good efficiency for NBZ as a photocatalytic agent with implications for large-scale photocatalytic applications in environmental and energy concerns. Furthermore, our study also provides several important benchmarking results on NBZ that have not been reported so far.
Precise measurement of the 7Be electron capture decay half-life in silicon carbide
Authors: Santonastaso C , Casali N. , Di Benedetto L , Boldrini V , Buompane R. , Canino M , Carrano V , Formicola A , Gialanella L , Laubenstein M , Neitzert H C , Pieruccini M , Porzio G , Rubino A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work we present to our knowledge the most precise measurement of the 7Be electron capture decay half-life in a host material. A silicon carbide sample with ~8.62 × 109
7Be atoms was measured for 83.5 d on an ultra-low background high purity Ge detector located deep underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The result obtained for the decay half-life is T
1/2 = 53.284 ± 0.016 d, which corresponds to an uncertainty of 0.3‰. Thanks to the high sensitivity achieved, this measurement is paving the way to further investigations on this process aiming to understand how environmental conditions may affect the decay half-life.
Theoretical study of the temperature dependence of Auger–Meitner recombination in (Al,Ga)N quantum wells
Authors: McMahon Joshua M , Finn Robert , Schulz Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Non-radiative Auger–Meitner recombination processes in III-nitride based optoelectronic devices operating in the visible spectral range have received significant attention in recent years as they can present a major contribution to the efficiency drop at high temperatures and carrier densities. However, insight into these recombination processes is sparse for III-N devices operating in the ultraviolet wavelength window. In this work we target the temperature dependence of the Auger–Meitner recombination rate in (Al,Ga)N/AlN quantum wells by means of an atomistic electronic structure model that accounts for random alloy fluctuations and connected carrier localisation effects. Our calculations show that in the low temperature regime both the non-radiative Auger–Meitner and radiative recombination rate are strongly impacted by alloy disorder induced carrier localisation effects in these systems. The influence of alloy disorder on the recombination rates is reduced in the high temperature regime, especially for the radiative rate. The Auger–Meitner recombination rate, however, may still be more strongly impacted by alloy disorder when compared to the radiative rate. Our calculations show that while on average radiative recombination slightly increases with increasing temperature, the Auger–Meitner recombination process may, on average, slightly decrease in the temperature range relevant to the thermal efficiency drop (thermal droop). This finding suggests that the considered Auger–Meitner recombination process is unlikely to be directly responsible for the thermal efficiency drop observed experimentally in (Al,Ga)N/AlN quantum well based light emitting devices. Thus, different non-radiative processes, external to the active region, may be the underlying cause of thermal droop in (Al,Ga)N wells.