bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using different methods to process forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) data can impact on the interpretation of FEV1 as an outcome measure to understand the performance of an adult cystic fibrosis centre: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Hoo Zhe Hui , El-Gheryani Muhaned S.A. , Curley Rachael , Wildman Martin J. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is an important cystic fibrosis (CF) prognostic marker and an established endpoint for CF clinical trials. FEV1 is also used in observation studies, e.g. to compare different centre’s outcomes. We wished to evaluate whether different methods of processing FEV1 data can impact on centre outcome. Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective analysis of routinely collected data from 2013-2016 among 208 adults. Year-to-year %FEV1 change was calculated by subtracting best %FEV1 at Year 1 from Year 2 (i.e. negative values indicate fall in %FEV1), and compared using Friedman test. Three methods were used to process %FEV1 data. First, %FEV1 calculated with Knudson equation was extracted directly from spirometer machines. Second, FEV1 volume were extracted then converted to %FEV1 using clean height data and Knudson equation. Third, FEV1 volume were extracted then converted to %FEV1 using clean height data and GLI equation. In addition, year-to-year variation in %FEV1 calculated using GLI equation was adjusted for baseline %FEV1 to understand the impact of case-mix adjustment. Results: Year-to-year fall in %FEV1 reduced with all three data processing methods but the magnitude of this change differed. Median change in %FEV1 for 2013-2014, 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 was –2.0, –1.0 and 0.0 respectively using %FEV1 in Knudson equation whereas the median change was –1.1, –0.9 and –0.3 respectively using %FEV1 in the GLI equation. A statistically significant p-value (0.016) was only obtained when using %FEV1 in Knudson equation extracted directly from spirometer machines. Conclusions: Although the trend of reduced year-to-year fall in %FEV1 was robust, different data processing methods yielded varying results when year-to-year variation in %FEV1 was compared using a standard related group non-parametric statistical test. Observational studies with year-to-year variation in %FEV1 as an outcome measure should carefully consider and clearly specify the data processing methods used.
Timing the origin and past connections between Andean and Atlantic Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in South America: Insights from the biogeographical history of Amorimia (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Felipe de Almeida Rafael , Marcio Araújo Amorim André , van den Berg Cássio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigated the timing of origin and past connections between Andean and Atlantic Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in South America based on the biogeographical history of Amorimia, a genus of Malpighiaceae restricted to South America. We used a time–calibrated phylogenetic tree based on three cpDNA (ndhF, rpl16, trnQ–rps16) and two nrDNA (ETS, ITS) regions including all currently accepted species in Amorimia for ancestral area reconstructions. Our results show that: (1) the ancestor of Amorimia originated in Atlantic dry forests around 22 Ma; (2) ancestors of both Amorimia subgenera arose in southern Brazilian dry forests from 18 to 14 Ma; (3) the remaining lineages in the genera diversified from mid–Miocene to the late–Pliocene; and (4) a history of two expansion events during early and middle Miocene, besides several colonization events in different nuclei of dry forests in South America is suggested.
No incidence of glenohumeral joint dislocation in a review of 220 paediatric proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Nelson G. , Brown C. , Liu R. W. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose Proximal humerus fractures in adults are approached with a high suspicion for potential associated glenohumeral dislocation. Axillary views of the shoulder can be painful and possibly even lead to dynamic angulation of the proximal humerus fracture. The incidence of associated glenohumeral dislocation in the paediatric population is unclear and it would be useful to determine whether children with proximal humerus fracture require specific axillary view imaging to rule out dislocation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 220 proximal humerus fractures in 218 total children. Imaging and follow-up clinic notes were reviewed for potential glenohumeral dislocation. Results Average patient age was 9.8 years SD 3.8 with 55% of the patients male and a wide variety of mechanisms of injury. None of the 220 fractures evaluated showed radiographic evidence of a shoulder dislocation, and all 218 children had a follow-up appointment at least 21 days after the injury without any clinical concern of a missed shoulder dislocation. Conclusion No paediatric patients presenting with proximal humerus fractures had a corresponding glenohumeral joint dislocation in our relatively large series. We recommend obtaining this additional imaging only in cases with higher energy mechanisms, if there is suspicion of subluxation or dislocation on anteroposterior and scapular-Y views or if there is clinical concern. Level of Evidence Level III Diagnostic
The structure ofortho-(trifluoromethyl)phenol in comparison to its homologues – A combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Betz Richard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe molecular and crystal structure of commercially-availableortho-(trifluoromethyl)phenol were determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and represent the first structural characterization of anortho-substituted (trihalomethyl) phenol. The unexpected presence of a defined hydrate in the solid state was observed.Intermolecular contacts and hydrogen bonding were analyzed. The compound was further characterized by means of multi-nuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H,13C{1H},19F) and Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) vibrational spectroscopy. To assess the bonding situation as well as potential reaction sites for reactions with nucleophiles and electrophiles in the compound by means of natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for the title compound as well as its homologous chlorine, bromine and iodine compounds. As far as possible, experimental data were correlated to DFT data.
Heterogeneous catalysis with encapsulated haem and other synthetic porphyrins: Harnessing the power of porphyrins for oxidation reactions
Authors: Dare Nicola A. , Egan Timothy J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEncapsulated metalloporphyrins have been widely studied for their use as efficient heterogeneous catalysts, inspired by the known catalytic activity of porphyrins in haemoproteins. The oxidation of organic substrates by haemoproteins is one of the well-known roles of these proteins, in which the haem (ferriprotoporphyrin IX = FePPIX) cofactor is the centre of reactivity. While these porphyrins are highly efficient catalysts in the protein environment, once removed, they quickly lose their reactivity. It is for this reason that they have garnered much interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis of oxidation reactions. This review details current research in the field, focusing on the application of encapsulated haem, and other synthetic metalloporphyrins, applied to oxidation reactions.
“Is it useful to talk to other cancer patients?”
Authors: Zhou Feifei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA growing body of research highlights how patients’ use of the Internet, including constructing, sharing personal stories, and accessing knowledge online, gives rise to a new form of lay expertise, which may further challenge the expertise of medical professionals. Accentuating patients’ perspectives, this paper investigates the variety of positions Chinese cancer patients articulate and adopt regarding knowledge and expertise within an online support group. My analyses demonstrate that, despite being highly proactive and reflexive, these patients actually reproduce and reinforce the dualistic positioning of doctor and patient within broader discourses of scientific knowledge and authoritarian hierarchies, which eventually disempower them. I then provide an explanation of this dualism by underlining the unique reality of China in terms of the co-existence of Western scientific medicine (WSM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and doctor-patient hierarchies. Finally, I outline the implications of this positioning for cancer care and discuss possible solutions drawing on recent humanistic models from the West.
Imperative of Exchange Rates Policy and Industrial Growth in Nigeria: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Shobande Olatunji A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper looks at the impact of foreign exchange rate policies on industrial growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2016. The study employed the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) techniques, following the results of Johansen Cointegration techniques that shows the existence of long run relationship among the variables considered. While, VECM estimates showed that money supply (monetary policy) impacted positively effects, evidence on, TAX (fiscal policy) impacted negative on industrial growth. Besides, the Exchange rate and Inflation impacted negatively on industrial growth., suggesting that the issue of stability remained a challenge unresolved by the Apex bank. The emanating policy antidotes are that there is urgent need to use proactive monetary policy through money supply to speed up the rate of industrial growth on one hand, while providing tax incentive to various industrial good that can further have enhanced the contribution of the sector to industrial growth on the other. In all, the need to align the objective of exchange rate policy with broader macroeconomic goals is necessary for effective policy transmission mechanism to speed up the rate of industrial progress in the country.
Prognostic Understanding at Diagnosis and Associated Factors in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer and Their Caregivers
Authors: Sato Takashi , Soejima Kenzo , Fujisawa Daisuke , Takeuchi Mari , Arai Daisuke , Nakachi Ichiro , Naoki Katsuhiko , Kawada Ichiro , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Ishioka Kota , Nukaga Shigenari , Kobayashi Keigo , Masaki Katsunori , Inoue Takashi , Hikima Kota , Nakamura Morio , Ohgino Keiko , Oyamada Yoshitaka , Funatsu Yohei , Terashima Takeshi , Miyao Naoki , Sayama Koichi , Saito Fumitake , Sakamaki Fumio , Betsuyaku Tomoko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Prognostic understanding in advanced cancer patients and their caregivers may have an impact on the delivery of effective care. The aims of this study were to explore prognostic understanding at diagnosis in both patients with advanced lung cancer and their caregivers and to investigate correlates of their understanding.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
A total of 193 patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer and their 167 caregivers were enrolled at 16 hospitals in Japan. We assessed their perceptions of prognosis and goals of therapy and examined their associations with their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status, quality of life, mood symptoms, and the status of disclosure of information by their treating physicians.

Results
One fifth of patients and caregivers (21.7% and 17.6%, respectively) mistakenly believed that the patients’ cancer was “completely curable.” Substantial proportions of them (16.9% and 10.3%, respectively) mistakenly believed that the primary goal of therapy was to remove all the cancer. Levels of anxiety and depression in both patients and caregivers were significantly higher among those who had accurate understanding of prognosis. In multivariate analyses, inaccurate perceptions of prognosis in patients were associated with sex, better emotional well-being, and lower lung cancer-specific symptom burden. Caregivers’ inaccurate perceptions of patients’ prognoses were associated with better performance status and better emotional well-being of patients.

Conclusion
Substantial proportions of advanced lung cancer patients and their caregivers misunderstood their prognosis. Interventions to improve their accurate prognostic understanding should be developed with careful attention paid to its associated factors.

Implications for Practice
This study demonstrated that substantial proportions of patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer and their caregivers had misunderstandings about their prognosis. Accurate perceptions of prognosis, which are indispensable in the delivery of effective care, were associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression in both patients and caregivers, warranting psychosocial care and support for them immediately after diagnosis. Inaccurate perceptions of prognosis in patients were associated with better emotional well-being and lower lung cancer-specific symptom burden. Illness understanding in caregivers was associated with patients’ physical and mental status. Those findings provide insight into how they obtain accurate illness understanding.
Adjuvant Anthracyclines in Breast Cancer: What Is Their Role?
Authors: Shah Ami N. , Gradishar William J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Anthracyclines have been a mainstay of breast cancer therapy for decades, with strong evidence demonstrating their impact on breast cancer survival. However, concerns regarding rare but serious long-term toxicities including cardiotoxicity and hematologic malignancies have driven interest in alternative adjuvant therapy options with more favorable toxicity profiles. This article provides an update of data that help inform clinicians of the role anthracyclines should play in adjuvant breast cancer therapy. Two recently reported large randomized trials—the Anthracycline in Early Breast Cancer and Western German Study Plan B studies—compared a taxane and cyclophosphamide regimen with an anthracycline, taxane, and cyclophosphamide regimen. Although the studies had conflicting results, together these studies suggest that the benefit of adjuvant anthracycline therapy over a nonanthracycline taxane-containing regimen is modest at best and may be primarily seen in patients with especially high-risk disease (i.e., triple-negative breast cancer, involvement of multiple lymph nodes). A third study—the MINDACT study—compared an anthracycline-based regimen to a nonanthracycline regimen, with similar outcomes in both groups. Despite the toxicities, no adjuvant breast cancer regimen has been shown to be superior to an anthracycline-taxane regimen in high-risk patients. These data can directly inform clinical decision-making in determining which patients warrant use of adjuvant anthracycline therapy. Future research may focus on confirming subgroups for whom it is reasonable to forgo adjuvant anthracyclines and validating predictive biomarkers or scores for anthracycline benefit.

Implications for Practice
In patients with early breast cancer, the choice of adjuvant chemotherapy should be based on its effectiveness in reducing breast cancer recurrences and its short- and long-term toxicities. Although adjuvant anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy has the most data supporting its effectiveness, anthracyclines carry a small but important increased risk for cardiotoxicity and leukemia. Two recent clinical trials help describe the degree of benefit with adjuvant anthracycline therapy compared with taxane therapy alone. They suggest that in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and limited lymph node involvement, nonanthracycline taxane-based adjuvant therapy may be adequate.
Impact of Guideline-Discordant Treatment on Cost and Health Care Utilization in Older Adults with Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Williams Courtney P. , Kenzik Kelly M. , Azuero Andres , Williams Grant R. , Pisu Maria , Halilova Karina I. , Ingram Stacey A. , Yagnik Supriya K. , Forero Andres , Bhatia Smita , Rocque Gabrielle B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline-based treatment is a marker of high-quality care. The impact of guideline discordance on cost and health care utilization is unclear.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study of Medicare claims data from 2012 to 2015 included women age ≥65 with stage I–III breast cancer receiving care within the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Community Network. Concordance with NCCN guidelines was assessed for treatment regimens. Costs to Medicare and health care utilization were identified from start of cancer treatment until death or available follow-up. Adjusted monthly cost and utilization rates were estimated using linear mixed effect and generalized linear models.

Results
Of 1,177 patients, 16% received guideline-discordant treatment, which was associated with nonwhite race, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor negative, human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) positive, and later-stage cancer. Discordant therapy was primarily related to reduced-intensity treatments (single-agent chemotherapy, HER2-targeted therapy without chemotherapy, bevacizumab without chemotherapy, platinum combinations without anthracyclines). In adjusted models, average monthly costs for guideline-discordant patients were $936 higher compared with concordant (95% confidence limits $611, $1,260). For guideline-discordant patients, adjusted rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations per thousand observations were 25% higher (49.9 vs. 39.9) and 19% higher (24.0 vs. 20.1) per month than concordant patients, respectively.

Conclusion
One in six patients with early-stage breast cancer received guideline-discordant care, predominantly related to undertreatment, which was associated with higher costs and rates of health care utilization. Additional randomized trials are needed to test lower-toxicity regimens and guide clinicians in treatment for older breast cancer patients.

Implications for Practice
Previous studies lack details about types of deviations from chemotherapy guidelines that occur in older early-stage breast cancer patients. Understanding the patterns of guideline discordance and its impact on patient outcomes will be particularly important for these patients. This study found 16% received guideline-discordant care, predominantly related to reduced intensity treatment and associated with higher costs and rates of health care utilization. Increasing older adult participation in clinical trials should be a priority in order to fill the knowledge gap about how to treat older, less fit patients with breast cancer.
Innovative directions of development of the SCA of the republic of Belarus and their foundations
Authors: Nikolaenko A. S. , Prokhorova K. O. , Shkuro P. G. , Ryzhkovych V. D. , Makrusev V. V. 
Published: August 2018

The development tools and priorities of the State Customs authorities of the Republic of Belarus are presented, each development tool is elaborated in detail, the estimation of this influence is given on organizational, control and other tasks standing before custom authorities of Republic. Particular attention is paid to the development of frontier infrastructure. Frontier infrastructure is a system of stationary posts, buildings, control stations, means of communication, warehouses, training fields, roads and etc. Description of all innovations is already inculcated and offered new ways of this infrastructure development.
An examination of intimate partner violence and sexual violence among individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, and/or transgender (LBGTQ)
Authors: Mims 1 Debra , Waddell 1 Rhondda 
Published: August 2018

A systematic review of literature published from 2006 to 2017 was conducted in order to examine intimate partner violence and sexual violence perpetrated against those individuals who identified as lesbian, bi-sexual, gay, and/or transgender (LBGT) and the challenges they faced from identifying as an LBGT individual. Results of the literature findings indicated that LBGT individuals are exposed to childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assaults, intimate partner violence and hate crimes at significantly higher rates when compared to the general population. The examination of the literature revealed disproportionate rates of harassment, physical assaults, sexual assaults and intimate partner violence when compared to the general population. In addition, individuals who identify as LBGT are substantially prone to internalization of their feelings, making them prone to post-traumatic stress (PTS), depression, anxiety, substance abuse and suicide. The lack of available support for the LBGT community leaves them feeling vulnerable and underserved. This research advocates for effective collaboration with social services with the aim of ensuring justice and equitable treatment for LBGT individuals.
Comparison of otological and audiological outcome of type-I tympanoplasty using composite tragal perichondrium and temporalis fascia as graft
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Sharma Pritosh , Sharma Prateek , Gourav Kumar , Goyal V. P. 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The most frequently used technique for the repair of TM perforation is underlay grafting of temporalis fascia in normally ventilated middle ears. In advanced middle ear pathology, large perforations, atelectatic drum or retraction pockets, temporalis facia may cause higher failure rates. In such cases, a more rigid grafting material such as cartilage is preferred because of its increased stability and resistance to middle ear pressure even in cases with chronic eustachian tube dysfunction.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective randomized study design on comparison of temporalis fascia and cartilage as graft in patients of CSOM with subtotal perforation. 80 patients, divided randomly into two groups with equal patients, with tragal cartilage (group 1) and temporalis fascia (group 2) as graft. Follow up done at post-operative 3<sup>rd</sup> week and 3<sup>rd</sup> month for graft acceptance as well as graft health. Audiometric evaluation was conducted at 3rd month. The data obtained was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using SPSS version 20. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Graft uptake rate in group1 and 2 was 93.75% and 90%. The mean AB gap improved in group1from 36.38±6.10 dB to 18.13±5.84 dB. Similarly in group 2 it improved from 28.73±5.82 dB to 15.23±8.14 dB; showed statistically highly significance in both groups (p&lt;0.001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Composite tragal perichondrium graft delivers an excellent audiologic outcome comparable to temporalis fascia graft specially where medialization of graft is expected. It gives ENT surgeons a reliable armamentarium in tympanoplasties for subtotal perforation.</p>