bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-colonial Relations of Britain with India and Pakistan, 1947–71
Authors: Lepe Sabina Nargis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The decolonization process of Britain in India was completed with the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. Because of the long colonial history in that area, it was natural that creating bilateral relations between Britain and the two former colonized parties (India and Pakistan) would be challenging and not free of issues. Furthermore, the two colonized parties were in a bitter relationship with each other. The major concern of this paper is to present the post-colonial bilateral relations of Britain with each country, India and Pakistan, between 1947 and 1971. It argues that multiple factors led Britain to maintain a balanced relationship with its former colony. These are: 1) British trade interests, 2) cold war relations, 3) wars between India and Pakistan, 4) Commonwealth issues, and above all, 5) British national interests in that region.
The Acquisition of Passives by Thai Preschoolers
Authors: Indrambarya Kitima 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates how pre-school Thai children comprehend Thai short and long passives with adversative and non-adversative and action and psychological verbs. The results show that preschool children did not comprehend passives well, primarily because of the thematic role reversal in the subjects of passives and actives. Action verbs are acquired earlier and better than psychological verbs. Unlike previous studies of other languages, Thai children comprehend long passives better than short passives with most verb types.
Revisiting the Inconsistent Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Richter Ingo , Kido Shoichiro , Tozuka Tomoki , Kosaka Yu , Tokinaga Hiroki , Chang Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the equatorial Atlantic zonal mode (AZM) is investigated using two atmospheric reanalysis products and 44 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). While the impact of ENSO on equatorial Atlantic SST is inconsistent, as previously reported, there is a very robust influence of decaying ENSO events in boreal spring on the contemporaneous surface zonal winds over the equatorial Atlantic, with El Niño events associated with anomalous easterlies that cool the equatorial Atlantic. This dynamic impact is counteracted by a thermodynamic impact, in which El Niño events cause changes in surface heat fluxes that lead to warming over the tropical Atlantic. The thermodynamic influence is active throughout the life cycle of the ENSO event, but the dynamic influence is highly seasonal with a pronounced peak in boreal spring. Thus, a quickly decaying El Niño event will lead to warming, while a slowly decaying event will lead to cooling in the equatorial Atlantic. The ENSO–AZM relation is further complicated by partially independent Atlantic variability, in particular that associated with the South Atlantic subtropical dipole (SASD). Prediction experiments with a simple linear regression model support the role of the SASD as an AZM precursor. Many CMIP6 models show skillful predictions of the June–August AZM based on SST indices in the preceding December–February, with correlations above 0.5. When predictions are restricted to ENSO years, even more models exceed this threshold, but skill in the reanalyses remains relatively low, possibly due to insufficient training data.

Significance Statement
El Niño is the strongest climate signal on interannual time scales. Its influence on the equatorial Atlantic, however, is surprisingly inconsistent. Here, we show, using an ensemble of climate models and observation-based data, that El Niño has a very robust influence on equatorial Atlantic surface winds, but only in boreal spring. This leads to a large difference in how El Niño events influence the equatorial Atlantic, based on how quickly they decay in boreal spring. We also find that variability in the South Atlantic, which is partly independent of El Niño, has a strong influence on the equatorial Atlantic, supporting the result of previous studies. These findings suggest that the predictability of equatorial Atlantic temperature anomalies may be higher than previously thought.
Multicenter Prospective Study in HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer for Detecting Minimal Residual Disease by Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: HARMONY Study
Authors: Tokura Momoko , Ando Mark Malalay , Kojima Yuki , Kitadai Rui , Yazaki Shu , Atutubo Cyrielle Marie N , Li Rubi K. , Perez Minda Z. , Gorospe Agnes E , Madrid Manuelito A , Ordinario Mel Valerie C , Imasa Marcelo Severino B , Sudo Kazuki , Shimoi Tatsunori , Suto Akihiko , Kohsaka Shinji , Machida Ryunosuke , Sadachi Ryo , Yoshida Masayuki , Yatabe Yasushi , Hata Tomomi , Nakamura Kenichi , Yonemori Kan , Shiino Sho 
Published: October 2024

Background: Biomarkers to predict the recurrence risk are required to optimize perioperative treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor 2-positive (HER2-positive) early breast cancer is decided by pathological responses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, whether pathological responses are appropriate biomarkers is unclear. Currently, there are several studies using minimal residual disease (MRD) as a predictor of prognosis in solid tumors. However, there is no standard method for detecting MRD. Objectives: This study aimed at prospectively evaluating the relationship between MRD detection and recurrence in Asian patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. Design: Prospective, observational, single-group, and exploratory. This study will include 60 patients from 2 institutions in Japan and the Philippines. The invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) rates of the MRD-positive and MRD-negative groups are compared in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who undergo surgery after receiving NAC. Methods and analysis: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels of patients will be evaluated 6 times: before NAC, after NAC, after surgery, and annually after surgery for 3 years. We will analyze the genetic profile of blood and tissue samples using the Todai OncoPanel (TOP) and the methylation level of DNA. The primary endpoint is IDFS. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Patient enrollment began in June 2022, and new participants are still being recruited. Ethics: This study has been approved by the National Cancer Center Hospital Certified Review Board in March 2022 and has been approved by the Research Ethics Board of the participating center. Discussion: Our findings will contribute to determining whether MRD detection using TOP is useful for predicting the recurrence of HER2-positive early breast cancer. If this is proven, MRD detected by TOP could be used in the future as a biomarker to assist in the de-/escalation of treatment strategies in the next interventional trial, thereby avoiding overtreatment in patients at low risk, and in the addition of intensive treatment modalities for those in patients at high risk.
“Understanding dementia together”: The design, delivery and evaluation of a collaborative, inter-professional dementia workshop for healthcare students
Authors: O’Sullivan Trish , Moore Niamh , McVeigh Joseph G , Timmons Suzanne , Foley Tony 
Published: October 2024

Background A collaborative, multi-disciplinary team input is crucial for the optimal management of the older adult with complex care needs such as dementia. Interprofessional learning (IPL) at undergraduate level can lead to improved collaborative knowledge and skills. The aim of this study was to develop, deliver and evaluate an IPL dementia workshop for healthcare students across 11 disciplines. A secondary aim was to determine whether there is a clinical application of learned knowledge in students who completed the workshop and subsequently underwent clinical placement. Methods The design of the IPL workshop aligned with Kern’s map for the development of a curriculum in medical education. The Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) was used to assess students’ knowledge of dementia pre-and-post workshop, as well as opened-ended questions on role recognition and communication. Results A total of 102 students completed the workshop questionnaire, with a follow up of 47 students on clinical placement. There was a statistically significant increase in students’ knowledge and confidence levels in communication with a person with dementia. Students reported positively on the workshop format, the collaborative nature of the workshop, as well as the role of the patient advocate. The follow up of students on clinical placement showed a perceived behavioural change in communication modification. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the benefits of an IPL initiative across multiple disciplines, with perceived behavioural change on clinical placement.
Hand Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Dargan Dallan , Wyman Matthew , Bhoora Mahir , Ronan Dominic , Baker Megan , Partridge David , Caddick Jennifer , Giblin Victoria 
Published: October 2024

Hand osteomyelitis is a complex condition to diagnose and treat, with an opportunity to improve care through organization of existing evidence. The literature was systematically searched for series of hand osteomyelitis between 1990 and 2022 for evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment, to formulate recommendations. Twenty-one series reported at least 5 cases of hand osteomyelitis in adults, with a total of 666 cases. Surgical debridement is central to treatment and oral antibiotics are sufficient for individuals without diabetes, renal or vascular disease, after debridement and resolution of associated sepsis. A 4- to 6-week duration of antibiotic therapy according to organism sensitivities is recommended, or a 2-week course after amputation. Delayed presentation is common and if over 6 months is associated with high amputation rates. Hand osteomyelitis with renal failure is associated with systemic complications. Reconstruction options include antibiotic-eluting spacers, osteosynthesis or arthrodesis, vascularized bone or adipose, regional soft tissue coverage and silicone implant arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: IV.
Acellular Particulated Costal Allocartilage Improves Cartilage Regeneration in High Tibial Osteotomy: Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chung Kwangho , Jung Min , Jang Ki-Mo , Park Sanghoon , Kim Jaehong , Kim Sung-Hwan 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare short-term arthroscopic and clinical outcomes between microfractures with (treatment group) and without (control group) acellular particulated costal allocartilage in patients undergoing concurrent high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Design This retrospective cohort study enrolled 19 and 21 patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively, and reviewed them at a minimum 2-year follow-up after HTO. Cartilage regeneration status was evaluated according to the International Cartilage Repair Society–Cartilage Repair Assessment (ICRS-CRA) grading and Koshino’s macroscopic staging systems during medial locked plate removal. Patient-reported measures, including the visual analog scale pain score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and International Knee Documentation Committee score, assessed clinical outcomes. Results The total points of the ICRS-CRA grading system were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (7.7 ± 3.8 vs 4.2 ± 3.0, respectively; P = 0.007). Likewise, the cartilage status according to Koshino’s macroscopic staging system was better in the treatment group ( P = 0.022). Patient-reported functional outcomes significantly improved postoperatively but were equivalent between the study groups at the final follow-up. Conclusions Microfractures augmented with acellular particulated costal allocartilage resulted in better repair quality than microfractures alone at a minimum 2-year follow-up after HTO, but functional outcomes improved similarly for both treatment approaches.
Comparison of a single intravenous infusion of alfentanil or sufentanil combined with target-controlled infusion of propofol for daytime hysteroscopy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lei Xiaofeng , Zhang Tinghuan , Huang Xuezhu 
Published: October 2024

Background: The administration of either alfentanil or sufentanil as a single injection, combined with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol, represents a frequently employed anesthetic regimen for daytime hysteroscopy. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of alfentanil and sufentanil in the context of daytime hysteroscopy. Design: A total of 160 patients, scheduled for daytime hysteroscopy, were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A and Group S respectively received alfentanil 10 μg/kg or sufentanil 0.15 μg/kg as a single intravenous injection. Both groups were given propofol with TCI for sedation. Methods: Monitoring of vital signs was conducted from pre-anesthesia through to 2 h postoperatively. The primary outcome measured was hypoxemia, defined as SpO2 levels below 92% for a duration of 30 s, which necessitated manual positive pressure ventilation. Secondary outcomes included various perioperative complications, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurring 2 h after surgery, as well as hemodynamic indicators, NRS scores for pain, and other anesthesia-related data. This comprehensive dataset was meticulously documented and subsequently analyzed for comparative purposes. Results: The analyses revealed that Group A had a significantly lower incidence of hypoxemia ( p = 0.002) and PONV ( p = 0.021). Additionally, group A demonstrated overall more stable blood pressure and heart rate, as well as higher SpO2 levels. Conclusion: For daytime hysteroscopy, alfentanil at a dose of 10 μg/kg is safer than sufentanil at a dose of 0.15 μg/kg when combined with propofol TCI. Trial registration: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (The URL of registration is https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=177784 ; registration number: ChiCTR2200063939). The date of first registration was September 21, 2022.
Epidemiological assessment of diabetes mellitus in children of Ukraine during the last 20 years (2002–2021) of peacetime
Authors: Mityuryayeva-Korniyko I.O. , Volosovets O.P. , Kryvopustov S.P. , Burlaka Ie.A. , Polukhina M.O. , Shevchenko T.A. , Nechayev M.P. , Kovalchuk I.V. , Kryvonos Y.M. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Nowadays, there is a global trend towards an increase in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus, including among children, which is a significant health problem in many countries. The analysis of data on diabetes among children is important for training medical personnel and planning preventive measures. The aim is to determine the trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus, as well as the gender and age structure among the paediatric population of different regions of Ukraine over the last 20 years (2002–2021) of peacetime. Methods: The results of statistical evaluation and epidemiological analysis of the data of the Centre for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus among children during 2002–2021 are presented. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using MS Excel (Microsoft Corporation, USA), XLSTAT-Pro (Addinsoft, USA). Results: According to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, as of 2021, 11,193 children aged 0–17 years inclusive with diabetes mellitus were registered, which is 15.0 cases per 10 thousand of the relevant population. Compared to 2002, the prevalence and incidence rates increased by 93% and 80%, respectively; the fastest rates were among children aged 0–6 years, and the lowest among adolescents aged 15–17 years. In 2021, the highest incidence of diabetes among infants over the past 15 years was recorded (0.05 per 1000 of the relevant population). Conclusions: In Ukraine, over the past 20 years (2002–2021) of peacetime, there has been an annual gradual increase in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus among children in all age groups with gender balance, which generally corresponds to the global trend.
Software-driven chronic disease management: Algorithm design and implementation in a community-based blood pressure control pilot
Authors: Deo Rahul C , Smith Rebecca , MacRae Calum A , Price Esha , Sheffield Horace , Patel Rahul 
Published: October 2024

Background: Optimal guideline-directed medical therapy is rarely attained in practice, resulting in inadequate control of diseases such as hypertension, with poorer results in under-resourced communities. Technology, including artificial intelligence-driven decision support and software-driven workflow transformation, can potentially improve disease outcomes at a reduced cost, although it must be integrated with a holistic approach. Methods: We describe the design of a software platform that enables rapid iterative remote management of >20 conditions across cardiac-kidney-metabolic disease. The platform distributes work across a care team of providers and care navigators, automates decision-making, ordering, and documentation, supports rapid incorporation of new evidence, and launches pragmatic trials. We describe software used in a 500-person community-based blood pressure control implemented as a single-arm quality improvement program. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients meeting the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set quality measure blood pressure goal (<140/90) at 12 weeks. Results: A total of 1609 patients were screened, 945 (59%) were found to have uncontrolled hypertension, and 512 patients consented to join the program. The average age was 61 ± 11 years; 59% were female, and 99% self-identified as Black. Blood pressure distribution was: 10% Stage 1 (SBP 130–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg), 69% Stage 2 (SBP 140–179 mmHg or DBP 90–119 mmHg), and 21% Stage 3 (SBP >180 mmHg or DBP >120 mmHg). Two hundred four patients (39%) proceeded to a provider encounter, and 160 of these (78%) completed the program. The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set blood pressure goal was achieved in <12 weeks of enrollment for 141 participants (69% of those enrolled, 88% of those who completed the program). Conclusion: Software-driven remote blood pressure is feasible, although strategies to improve patient enrollment will be needed to achieve maximum impact. Future work will be required to compare outcomes to usual care and evaluate concurrent management of multiple cardiac-kidney-metabolic conditions.
Enhancing job satisfaction measurement tool in healthcare settings: Insights from a University Hospital in Vietnam
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Duc , Anh Pham Quynh , Huyen Chang Pham Thi , Minh Nguyet Ha Thi , Xiem Chu Huyen , Hung Pham Van , Chau Le Bao 
Published: October 2024

Background and objectives: Extensive scrutiny within organizational research has positioned job satisfaction as a pivotal factor contingent upon organizational contexts. Our study aimed to refine job satisfaction measurement tools for diverse healthcare settings using insights from a university hospital in Vietnam, enhancing the validity and applicability of these instruments. Methods: The procedure for the contextualization of a job satisfaction measurement tool was established encompassing six key steps: (1) Developing, selecting, or modifying the questionnaire; (2) Assessing face validity; (3) Ensuring content validity; (4) Designing the research for field testing; (5) Assessing the tool reliability and validity; and (6) Assessing discriminant validity between two tools. This procedure served as the foundation for a cross-sectional study involving 216 healthcare staff at a university hospital in Vietnam. Results: The modified tool, comprising 35 items (6 fewer than the original 41-item reference tool), was derived through evaluations of face, content, and construct validity, conducted with 216 healthcare staff. The validity of the modified tool was subsequently confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, demonstrating favorable fit indices for the job satisfaction item, including a Chi-square/degrees of freedom ratio of 3.15, Comparative Fit Index of 0.86, Tucker Lewis Index of 0.85, and Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation of 0.1. Additionally, the modified tool exhibited a high Cronbach’s alpha of 0.97, a good convergence ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 and a good divergence with the maximum shared variance values were lower than the corresponding average variance extracted values. The job satisfaction scores obtained using the modified tool surpassed significantly those of the original reference tool ( p < 0.01), with percentages of 52.7% and 43.1%, respectively. Conclusion: This contextualization procedure has been demonstrated to be both feasible, practical and yielded valid and reliable results, thus recommending its adoption in other healthcare settings along with further validation and adaptation, including rural settings.
The modified Baveno classification for obstructive sleep apnoea: development and evaluation based on the ESADA database
Authors: Matthes Sandhya , Treml Marcel , Grote Ludger , Hedner Jan , Zou Ding , Bonsignore Maria R. , Pépin Jean-Louis , Bailly Sébastien , Ryan Silke , McNicholas Walter T. , Schiza Sofia E. , Verbraecken Johan , Pataka Athanasia , Śliwiński Paweł , Basoglu Özen K. , Lombardi Carolina , Parati Gianfranco , Randerath Winfried J. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe “Baveno classification” replaced the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) with symptoms and comorbidities for treatment indication in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This study evaluates a modified Baveno classification which adds a validated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score and acknowledges severe breathing disturbances.MethodOSA patients from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA) were retrospectively allocated into CVD risk groups 1–3 based on the SCORE2 risk prediction model and European Society of Cardiology guidelines. AHI ≥30 events·h−1conferred strong treatment indication. When AHI was <30 events·h−1, symptoms and CVD risk dictated allocation to the weak, intermediate or strong treatment indication group. Changes in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score and office systolic blood pressure (SBP) at follow-up (12–24 months) under positive airway pressure (PAP) were assessed.Results8625 patients were analysed (29% female; median (interquartile range) age 56 (49–64) years and body mass index 31.9 (28.4–36.3) kg·m−2). Treatment indication was weak in 501 (6%), intermediate in 2085 (24%) and strong in 6039 (70%). There was a continuous increase in age, SBP, C-reactive protein and glycosylated haemoglobin from weak to strong (p<0.001). PAP prescription increased from 52% to 64% to 93% (weak to strong; p<0.001). The change in ESS score was −2, −4 and −5, respectively (p<0.001). Reductions of ≥3 mmHg median SBP occurred when AHI was ≥30 events·h−1and in symptomatic patients with CVD risk levels >1 when AHI was <30 events·h−1.ConclusionThis analysis provides supporting evidence for the key role of CVD risk assessment and severe breathing disturbances in the identification of OSA patients most likely to benefit from treatment.