bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crimen social, justicia transicional y territorio. Apuntes críticos sobre la intervención del “Bronx” en Bogotá
Authors: Arias Henao Diana Patricia , Idrobo Velasco Jhon Alexánder 
Published: February 2019

“Justicia”, “transición”, “territorio” y “crimen”. Estas cuatro palabras han empezado a exigir nuevos marcos de comprensión en Colombia. Este artículo procura discutir las posibilidades y límites de sus vinculaciones desde la óptica de las Ciencias Sociales para pensar el caso de la intervención del Bronx en Bogotá, de manera que en este escenario sea posible identificar cuáles son los retos que se abren al pensar en escenarios de transición y rehabilitación tras los procesos de intervención que tuvieron lugar en el año 2016. Usando el aparataje teórico de Foucault y de algunos informes sobre la intervención del Bronx, el artículo problematiza la forma en que se piensa la justicia, su relación con el territorio y el modo en el que circula el concepto de crimen, todo esto para producir una reflexión crítica sobre los modelos de justicia en los que se da tratamiento tanto a los conflictos derivados de la guerra, como a otros que se proliferan por la intensificación y perdurabilidad de los primeros.
El Catatumbo: estrategia militar por encima de desarrollo rural. Estudio de caso: Víctor Ramón Navarro Serrano, alias Megateo
Authors: Alba Maldonado José Manuel 
Published: February 2019

La región del Catatumbo está ligada a la historia del conflicto militar y el cultivo de coca en Colombia. El artículo de reflexión realiza un estudio de caso sobre la influencia socio-económica de Víctor Ramón Navarro Serrano, alias Megateo, mando del Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL) en la región. Su persecución y muerte estuvieron atadas a una estrategia militarista, acorde con la presencia de tipo diferencial del Estado; esto demuestra que elenfoque bélico presenta mayor relevancia que el desarrollo rural territorial. Las acciones de los gobiernos se han centrado en un mayor despliegue de la fuerza pública y han desconocido las realidades complejas y las necesidades básicas de la población. Las dinámicas del Catatumbo han sido una barrera para desarrollar políticas de desarrollo rural territorial, debido a que estas requieren presencia de las instituciones estatales que apoyen las iniciativas de los actores sociales locales. Se puede observar que la militarización de la región ha tenido como consecuencia la estigmatización de actores y organizaciones sociales, así como rupturas entreestos y el Estado, lo que impide la generación de alternativas reales para la sustitución del cultivo de la coca.
Psychosocial factors associated with occupation: A comparative study between brick kiln and grocery workers
Authors: Sanjel Seshananda , Khanal Sanjay N. , Risal Ajay , Thygerson Steven M. , Joshi Sunil K. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Psychosocial factors, like physical, chemical and biological factors, are also the potential hazards. But, psychological factors, such as stress, are not mentioned in every kinds of occupation. Some important psychosocial manifestations found among the workers in previous studies were headache, depression, frustration, worry, low self-esteem, boredom and lack of sleep.
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate and psychosocial factors that are associated with occupational factor between brick kiln workers and grocery workers.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Valley during February-March 2015 i, targeting all the brick kiln workers. Firstly, all the registered the brick kilns (106 in number) were visited to form the potential sampling frame. Multi-stage probability proportionate to size sampling was applied to select 400 brick kiln workers from 16 brick kilns who had been working there for more than two years. An equal size unmatched reference group was maintained from the grocery workers. Interviews were conducted by trained health workers.
Data was entered in the Microsoft (MS) excel and was transferred into the International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 21 was used to perform analysis. Both descriptive and (mean, median and inter-quartile range) and inferential (Mann Whitney U test) statistics were computed. The level of significance was set at <0.05.
Results: Nearly 20.0% of exposed workers were <19 years of age among which slightly above three fifth achieved primary education. Almost 40% of brick kiln workers were ever smokers. Positive factors of psychosocial and emotional functioning were lower and negative factors were higher among brick kiln workers.
The parameters of relationships such as self-esteem, stress and personal agency and the parameters of emotions like emotional, somatic, chronic fear, anxiety, hopelessness, helplessness, abuse and mal-treatment were better and significantly better respectively, in the reference group than the exposed group. However, the social factor was significantly poor among the reference group i.e. the grocery workers as observed while conducting Mann Whitney U test at p<0.05 level.
Conclusion: Among most of the parameters, brick kiln workers' psychosocial functioning was significantly poorer than the grocery workers. Providing formal and/or non-formal education as well as raising awareness about the deleterious effects of the exposure to brick kiln workers should be recommended.
Musculoskeletal Symptoms among the Brick Kiln Workers of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Mikrani Tanweer , Manandhar Naresh , Joshi Sunil Kumar 
Published: February 2019

Background: Brick kilns may pose threat to the environment and health of the workers and people residing around them. Health problems related to brick kilns are musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive system, nutritional and skin disorders. Objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (problems) among brick kiln workers of Kathmandu valley.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the brick kilns of Kathmandu valley from February to April 2015. Two hundred (200) workers were selected randomly from the sampled brick kilns of Kathmandu Valley as the exposed group and the equal number of grocery vendors from the surroundings of the brick kilns was included as the control group in term of exposure to ergonomic hazards. The data was collected using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.
Results: A majority of the respondents were Hindu by religion. The mean age of exposed group was 30.75 years and 33.25 years for control group. Male female ratios were 2.39:1 and 1.94:1 in exposed and control groups respectively. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal problem was found on Shoulders followed by Lower back, Knee and Neck for exposed group.
Conclusion: All musculoskeletal problems were significantly different between exposed and control groups. Compared to the control groups, brick kiln workers had almost 8 times more likely to experience shoulder problem and 7 times more low back pain. All musculoskeletal symptoms at any time during last 12 months were found higher in exposed group compared to the control group, which was statistically significant.
Study of microstructure, maceral and mineral matter in two different coals of the Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Neupane Bhupati , Silwal Bishow Raj 
Published: February 2019

The Eocene coals from the western (Tosh coalfield) and central regions (Jhadewa coalfield) of the Nepal Himalaya have been studied under the petrological and the Scanning Electron Microscopes to explain the mode of occurrence of mineral matter and their microstructural relations with organic constituents. As shown by the results of the coal samples, three kinds of coals in diminishing abundance are moderately dull coal, moderately bright coal and bright coal. Distribution of mineral matter in the Eocene coals shows that the bright coal is rare in western Nepal and the moderately bright coal is abundant in central Nepal. Mineral matter in moderately dull coals contains superficial impregnating and cavity filling. Mineral matter in bright coals contains superficial mounting and pore fillings, but in moderately bright coals contains superficial impregnating, cavity filling, and intimate intergrowth. Mineral matters in
moderately dull coals, moderately bright coals and bright coals respectively range from 38.27 to 47.12 vol%, 12.31 and 15.73 vol%, and 12.31 and 15.73 vol%. The Jhadewa coalfield (central Nepal) contains more macerels than the Tosh coalfield (western Nepal), whereas the Tosh coalfield contains more mineral matter than the Jhadewa coalfield. The results indicate two different origins for coal deposits from two different regions.
Catastrophe of Environment: The Impact of Natural Disasters on Tourism Industry
Authors: Genç Ruhet 
Published: February 2019

Natural disasters have a catastrophic impact on the lives of humans, interrupting their social and economic activities to a great extent. Communities that are located in high-risk regions encounter greater challenges in developing a resilient and sustainable tourism economy (Tsai et. al., 2016). The past examples of tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions all over the world have shown that there are two sides of the issue in terms of tourism sector. First, the devastating effects of the natural disaster slow down the tourism sector like all other activities in a particular destination. On the other hand, the natural disasters are capable of fostering the strong feelings of solidarity (Goodwin, 2005), luring the global interest to the region for further economic opportunities, including tourism. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate the influence of drawbacks and possible positive impacts of natural disasters on tourism activities and to model them in a proper manner. The paper will start with a body of literature on the impact of natural disasters on the tourism industry based on the previous studies. The study will be dealing with the question how natural disasters have an impact on tourism through economic aspects, destination image and the degree of community activity. The methodology will be literature review and critical evaluation of the findings. Finally, a model will be suggested in order to provide a quantitative analysis for the natural disasters, including the possible related economic and social variables.
موقف النحاة من القراءات: دراسة تأصيليَّة <br> (The view of grammarians on Quranic recitations : A study of origin)
Authors: (Saleh Mahjub Mohamed al-Tingari) صالح محجوب محمَّد 
Published: February 2019

ملخص البحث:رَمَى هذا البحث من خلال المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي إلى إظهار المرتكزات الأساسية التي ارتكز عليها النحاة في تقعيد النحو العربي، فعلى الرغم من أنَّ النحو نشأ أساساً لخدمة القرآن الكريم إلا أن النحاة اعتمدوا في تقعيدهم للنحو على أشعار العرب وكلامهم، ثم القرآن الكريم في المرتبة الثالثة – في الغالب الأعم – وليتهم توقفوا عند هذا الحدِّ، بل نجد طائفة كبيرة منهم امتدتْ ألسنتها وأقلامها إلى بعض القراءات المتواترة، ووصفتها بالضعف تارة، وباللحن تارة أخرى، وما ذلك إلا لارتطامها بقواعدهم الموضوعة! ويحاول البحث دراسة موقف النحاة عموماً من بصريين وكوفيين من القراءات القرآنية؟ والتأكيد علي أن الاحتجاج بالقراءات عرفته المدرسة البصرية والكوفية إلا أن الأخيرة توسعت فيه. الكلمات المفتاحية: القراءات- نحاة البصرة- نحاة الكوفة- القراء- النحاة. Abstract:This study through the descriptive and deductive methods, aims at pointing out the basis on which the grammarian build their foundation for the Arabic grammar. Although that grammar was established to serve the holy Koran, but the foundation of grammar generally was derived from the Arab poems and their expressions, and the Quranic verses only come at the third position in terms of priority. If this is not appalling, some of the grammarians even criticized the Quranic verses even the most agreed upon in terms of the number of their narrators, as to be ungrammatical or sometimes, erroneous due to their incompliance with the rules that they themselves create. This paper attempts to study both schools of grammar : the Kufan and the Basran to uncover their position with regard to the Quranic verses. It is also an attempt to verify that these grammar schools did make the Quranic verses as their proofs in language argument although that the latter was found to be applying in a wider scope then the former.Keywords: Recitations – Grammarians of Basrah – Grammarians of Kufah – Recitors – Grammarians. Abstrak:Kajian ini tertumpu kepada prinsip-prinsip asas yang dibahaskan oleh ahli- ahli Nahu dalam meletakkan kaedah bahasa Arab. Pada asasnya kaedah nahu dicipta untuk memahami ayat suci A-Quran, akan tetapi terdapat banyak kaedah-kaedah nahu diasaskan berdasarkan syair-syair Arab, kata-kata mereka dan secara umumnya Al-Quran di kedudukan yang ketiga. Malah kita mendapati bahawa sebahagian besar daripada mereka menggunakan qiraat mutawatirah sebagai hujah dalam percakapan mahupun penulisan mereka tetapi menyifatkan qiraat tersebut kadang-kadang sebagai lemah dan adakalanya sebagai salah. Hal yang demikian ini berlaku tidak lain tidak bukan kerana pertembungan qiraat-qiraat tersebut dengan kaedah nahu yang dicipta. Penyelidik cuba mengkaji pendirian ahli-ahli nahu dari aliran Basrah dan Kufah terhadap Qiraat dan membuktikan bahawa mereka mengambil kira Qiraat sebagai hujah.Kata kunci: Qiraat- Ahli Nahu Basrah – Ahli Nahu Kufah – Qari – Nahu.
نظرات في أصول النحو العربي وأصول الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة عربية إسلامية تأصيلية <br> (Views on the foundations of Arabic grammar and Islamic Jurisprudence: An Arabic-Islamic approach to establish their origin)
Authors: (Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman Saadi) عبدالرزاق عبدالرحمن ا , (Abd. Wahab Zakaria) عبدالوهاب زكريا 
Published: February 2019

ملخص البحث:للنحو العربي فروع ومسائل كثيرة محكومة بثوابت نحوية وقواعد كلية سميت بعلم أصول النحو العربي، كما أنَّ للفقه الإسلامي فروعه ومسائله المحكومة بثوابت وقواعد كلية أطلق عليها علم أصول الفقه، فأصبح أمام الدارسين عِلمان مستقلان هما: علم أصول النحو وعلم أصول الفقه. والسؤال المطروح هل بين هذين العِلمين تأثر وتأثير، أو تشابه واختلاف؟ وما تاريخ هذين العلمين؟ وأيهما يسبق الآخر في النشأة والتكوين؟ وإن هذا البحث سيجيب عن هذه الأسئلة وغيرها مما يتعلق بهذين العِلْمَين اللذين هما أساسٌ محكم لعِلْمَين آخرين وهما: النحو العربي والفقه الإسلامي، وبذلك يكون ربطٌ بين العلوم الإسلامية وعلوم العربية ومدى التفاعل الايجابي بنهما.الكلمات المفتاحية: التعريفات- التاريخ- النشأة- المنهج- المقارنة. Abstract:Arabic grammar has many branches and issues that are governed by grammatical axioms and universal rules that are known to be the foundations of Arabic grammar. Likewise, Islamic jurisprudence has its own branches and issues that are governed by axioms and universal rules known as the science of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Therefore, students have two different branches of knowledge: The principles of grammar and the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. The question that this paper will explore is the relation between these two disciplines and which of the two takes precedence over the other? The present paper will attempt to answer this question in order to see the connection between these two disciplines which are the basis for the Islamic and Arabic disciplines.Keywords: Definitions – History – Establishment – Method – Comparison. Abstrak:Nahu Arab mempunyai cabang-cabang permasalahan yang banyak yang mana ia diambil daripada hukum asas dan kaedah umum yang dipanggil sebagai ilmu usul nahu, seperti mana ilmu usul feqah dan permasalahan- permasalahnnya yang mana dikeluarkan hukumnya berasaskan kaedah umum yang dinamakan sebagai usul fiqh, maka di sini terbentanglah di hadapan penuntut ilmu dua ilmu yang berbeza iaitu, ilmu usul nahu dan ilmu usul fiqh. Persoalan yang diutarakan dalam kajian ini ialah,adakah kedua-dua ilmu ini memberi kesan antara satu sama lain dan adakah kedua-dua ilmu ini mempunyai persamaan atau perbezaan?. Kedua, apakah sejarah disebalik kewujudan ilmu-ilmu ini? yang manakah yang wujud terlebih dahulu?. Maka kajian ini dilakukan bagi menjawab segala persoalan-persoalan tersebut dan persoalan-persoalan lain yang berkaitan dengan kedua-dua ilmu ini yang mana ia merupakan ilmu asas dalam mengeluarkan hukum. Kajian ini penting kerana ia mengkaji hubungan antara dua ilmu yang berbeza iaitu syariah islam dan bahasa arab serta sejauh mana kaitan di antara kedua-dua ilmu ini.Kata kunci: Definisi- sejarah- perkembangan- metodologi – perbezaan.
أبو الحسن الندوي وأدب التقديمات <br> (Abu al-Hasan al-Nadawi and the Art of Presentations)
Authors: (Munjid Mustafa Bahjat) منجد مصطفى بهجت 
Published: February 2019

ملخص البحث:لأبي الحسن الندوي جهود متميزة في الفكر الإسلامي وفي اللغة والأدب، ولكن جهوده في الأدب كانت أكثر تميزاً. ويمكن أن يكون أول منظر لأدب التقديمات، ولم يكتف بالتنظير بل تجاوزه إلى التطبيق على نحو ما سيتناوله البحث. وستكون مهمة البحث محاولة تحديد مفهومه ومقوماته، وقد أطلق على هذا النوع أدب التقريظ الذي يختلف عن الترجمة الذاتية أو السيرة الذاتية، بعد تحديد المفهوم، ويحاول البحث تقديم ضوابط هذا النوع الأدبي وأهميته. وسيتناول الجانب التطبيقي بالوقوف على نموذج واحد لهذا الفن وتحليله للتعرف على خصائصه. الكلمات المفتاحية: التقديمات- المفهوم الغربي- الضوابط- التحليل- النموذج. Abstract:Abu al-Hasan al-Nadawi has distinctive works in Islamic thought, language and literature. However, his works in literature was more outstanding since it was the pioneer for the art of presentation. He did not stop at only theorizing about it but carried further to apply it as what the present paper will reveal through defining its concept, foundations and characteristics. This type of literary writing is different from biography writing. The paper will make use of one work of the scholar and will analyse this creative writing in it to define its characteristics.Keywords: Presentation – Western Concept – Characteristics – Analysis – Sample. Abstrak:Sumbangan Abu Hasan An-Nadawi dalam bidang bahasa, sastera dan pemikiran islam adalah sangat besar namun, sumbangan beliau dalam bidang sastera adalah lebih terserlah. Pandangan beliau yang paling utama adalah berkenaan etika dalam pembentangan yang mana beliau bukan sahaja mengasaskan teori bahkan mengaplikasikannya seperti yang akan dibahaskan dalam kajian. Maka kajian ini akan cuba meletakkan konsep bagi etika pembentangan dan elemen-elemennya yang mana ia dinamakan sebagai etika pujian yang berbeza daripada biografi. Kemudian penyelidik cuba menetapkan beberapa disiplin dalam bidang ini dan kepentingannya, manakala dari segi aplikasi, penyelidik akan menganalisis salah satu contoh untuk mengenali keistimewaanya.Kata kunci: Pembentangan- Konsep Barat – Disiplin – Analisis – Contoh.
النص القرآني في منظور الدراسة الأدبية: الموقف والمنهج <br> (Quranic text from the perspective of Literary Study: View and Methodology)
Authors: (Abdel Rahman Bin Rajallah al-Jamiey al-Salmiy) عبدالرحمن بن رجا الله 
Published: February 2019

ملخص البحث:يناقش البحث مسألة مهمة وهي: النص القرآني في منظور الدراسة الأدبية. وقد تناول الباحث بداية ظهور هذه الدعوة على يد الأستاذ أمين الخولي وبين أهم القضايا التي آلت إليها دعوة الخولي. والتي من أبرزها: نزع قداسة النص القرآني، والتأكيد على عروبة النص القرآني وإغفال عالميته، واختزال فهم النص القرآني في التفسير الأدبي وإسقاط المصطلحات النقدية على النص القرآني. كما تناول البحث موقف الفكر العلماني الحديث من هذه الدعوة وكيف انطلق منها في قرآته التأويلية للنص القرآني بهدف نزع قداسته وتفريغه من محتواه الديني. ثم تناول الباحث القراءة الإسقاطية للنص القرآني عند منظري إسلامية الأدب وأبرز الإشكاليات التي وقع فيها بعض الباحثين عندما تعاملوا مع النص القرآني باعتباره نصاً أدبياً صرفاً وإرثاً فنياً بحتاً. الكلمات المفتاحية: الجذور- النشأة- الخولي- عروبة النص- الاختزال. Abstract:The paper attempt to dwell on a significant issue: the position of the Qur’anic text from the perspective of literary study. The questions raised by al-Khouly in this regard were evoked: shall the holy text be stripped of its sacredness? Shall its Arabic be authenticated? Shall the universality of its message be disregarded? Shall the interpretation from the verses adorned with literary features be abandoned? Will it be proper to use literary terms for the styles of the Quran? This paper also deals with the modern secular view that propagate this call and how the resulted interpretation is in actuality an attempt to deny the sacredness and religiousness that the contents have. A sample of this type of reading of the Quran will be studied and analysed. Some of the errors committed by those critics who follow the method of treating Qur’anic texts as literary texts will be subjected to discussion.Keywords: Roots – Development – al-Khouly- Textual Arabic – Omitting. Abstrak:Kajian ini membincangkan tentang satu isu penting iaitu Al-Quran dari sudut kajian sastera. Penyelidik membicarakan sejarah permulaan kepada seruan ni yang diasaskan oleh Amin Al-khuli kemudian membahaskan beberapa isu-isu penting yang dibangkitkan oleh beliau seperti perdebatan tentang kesucian Al-Quran, penekanan terhadap identiti Al-Quran yang dikatakan ia turun hanya untuk bangsa Arab dan menafikan sifatnya yang universal, serta meringkaskan pemahaman terhadap teks Al-Quran dalam huraian sastera dengan meninggalkan istilah wacana kritis dalam teks Al-Quran. Dalam masa yang sama, penyelidik turut menyentuh tentang pemikiran sekular moden dalam seruan ini dan bagaimana untuk mematahkan pemikiran ini yang sering mentakwilkan ayat-ayat Al-Quran dengan tujuan meragukan keasliannya dan memisahkan isi kandungan agama yang dibawa oleh Al-Quran. Justeru, penyelidik akan membahaskan teks Al-Quran dari perspektif sastera islam dan membincangkan beberapa permasalahan yang telah dibangkitkan oleh beberapa pengkaji yang mengkaji dan menganggap teks Al-Quran sebagai teks sastera dan seni semata-semata.Kata kunci: Asal Usul - Kelahiran – Al-Khuli – Identiti Teks – Ringkasan.