bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal planning to mitigate the impacts of roads on multiple species
Authors: Polak Tal , Nicholson Emily , Grilo Clara , Bennett Joseph R. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Common worldwide and encroaching on even the most remote locations, roads negatively affects wildlife through habitat loss, fragmentation and direct mortality. Reducing these effects requires mitigation, including wildlife crossing structures and fencing. However, mitigation measures are expensive and vary in their success level, especially when constructed to meet the needs of several species. Moreover, mitigation planning rarely considers the needs of multiple species. As funds are limited, deciding where and how to act for the greatest return on investment is crucial.

Combining decision theory with a metapopulation model, we determined the most cost‐effective actions mitigating the effects of roads on multiple species. The model is illustrated with two sets of species with varying of life‐history traits, from a diversity of taxonomic groups. We tested the cost‐effectiveness of spatially explicit combinations of three management options for each road section: (a) no mitigation, (b) fences without wildlife crossings, and (c) fences combined with wildlife crossings.

We explored the trade‐offs between each population's probability of persistence and total mitigation cost, first on a per‐species basis and then considering all species. We then tested the cost‐effectiveness of different planning strategies: (a) single species, (b) two types of focal species based on different life‐history traits, and (c) comprehensive multispecies planning.

Planning for the needs of all species at the same time (multispecies strategy) maximizes the number of persisting species and provides the most robust and cost‐effective planning strategy, while single‐species strategies were found to be inefficient. However, basing decisions on the focal species with the largest home range can provide reasonably cost‐effective results, but should be considered only when there is not enough time or money to collect the necessary information to perform a multispecies analysis.

Synthesis and applications. Our model can be adapted to most road mitigation problems. It illustrates that the needs of multiple species should be considered to plan a cost‐effective road mitigation system. However, when resources are limited to plan for all species, those with larger home ranges should be used as reasonable proxies for other species.
Coordination is key: Joint attention and vocalisation in infant siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Heymann Perrine , Northrup Jessie B. , West Kelsey L. , Parladé Meaghan V. , Leezenbaum Nina B. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundResearch indicates that social communicative behaviours develop atypically during the second year in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study evaluated whether these behaviours also differed in the extent to which they were coordinated across modalities.AimsTo measure joint attention behaviours (e.g., gaze shifts, gestures), vocalisations and their coordination among a cohort of infants with an older sibling with ASD (heightened risk—HR).Methods & ProceduresThis prospective longitudinal study examined 50 HR infants at 14, 18 and 24 months. The Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS)—a structured toy‐play task that assesses infant joint attention behaviour—was administered to infants at each age point in the home. Infants’ joint attention behaviours, vocalisations and instances where they overlapped were coded from videos. At 36 months, nine infants received an ASD diagnosis (HR‐ASD), 15 had a significant language delay (HR‐LD) and 26 were classified no diagnosis (HR‐ND).Outcomes & ResultsFindings revealed that HR‐ASD infants produced fewer advanced joint attention behaviours, and their vocalisations were less frequent and less advanced than HR‐LD and HR‐ND infants. Notably, HR‐ASD infants also coordinated these behaviours together less frequently than their HR peers.Conclusions & ImplicationsDifferences in the coordination of early communicative behaviours may have negative cascading effects on social and language development for infants who develop ASD. Current intervention practices may be complemented by efforts to increase the coordinated quality of communicative behaviours.
The Spatial Pattern of Residential Mobility in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Li Si‐Ming , Mao Sanqin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn urban China, residential mobility behaviors have changed fundamentally in recent decades. While research has been undertaken on the trends and causes of residential relocation for different population groups, less attention has been paid to micro‐level processes of residential change, yet the latter underscore urban dynamics. This study addresses this through a survey conducted in Guangzhou in late 2012, which analyzes the spatial flows of residential shifts within and between three distance zones—inner core, inner suburbs and outer suburbs—to reveal complex mobility trends. In particular, hukou or household registration status, socio‐economic status, the nature and rank of employment, and tenure were found to have varied effects on the probability of inward and outward shifts. More specifically, while outward shifts in recent years mainly involved local hukou holders, families with higher education levels, a higher socio‐economic status or those working for government departments and public institutions were found to be more likely to settle in high‐rise commodity housing in the inner core. The majority of non‐hukou migrants, by contrast, moved within the same street or between adjacent streets within the same suburban area, while age, socio‐economic status and homeownership were found to increase an individual's chance of an inward shift.
Sleep questionnaires for the screening of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with non‐diabetic patients
Authors: Pataka Athanasia , Kalamaras George , Daskalopoulou Efi , Argyropoulou Paraskevi 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSeveral tools have been used to screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Evaluation of the predictive performance of different questionnaires is essential in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because the prevalence of OSA in this population is high. The aim of this study was to evaluate different sleep questionnaires to identify T2DM patients with OSA, and to compare the predictive values of these questionnaires with a matched sample of non‐diabetic patients.MethodsThe study was a retrospective study of two patients groups (n = 350 with T2DM,n =350 without T2DM) visiting a sleep clinic and matched by age, gender, body mass index, and the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Symptoms of OSA and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), STOP‐Bang, Berlin questionnaire, and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) scores were compared, and sleep studies were performed.ResultsDiabetic patients with OSA complained more frequently of nocturia (P =0.025), morning headaches (P =0.04), restless sleep (P =0.002), and leg movements (P =0.01) than non‐diabetic patients with OSA. Most predictive values of the sleep questionnaires did not differ significantly between the two groups; however, the AIS was higher only in T2DM women (P =0.01). In both groups, the Berlin and STOP‐Bang questionnaires had the highest sensitivity. The ESS had the highest specificity in T2DM patients and the STOP and S‐B questionnaires had the highest specificity in non‐diabetics.ConclusionsThe predictive performance of the questionnaires was similar in both groups, especially in the case of moderate and severe OSA.
Environmental and Social Matters in Mandatory Corporate Reporting: An Academic Note
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Michelon Giovanna , Paananen Mari 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis note provides an overview of mandatory corporate reporting for environmental and social matters in Canada, the United States and the EU. When researchers and educators consider reporting on these matters, they often look to voluntary corporate reporting. However, we argue that a lot of related information exists in companies’ mandatory reports, either in the disclosures dictated by securities regulators, or via other required channels. Our objective is threefold. First, to describe what currently exists regarding mandatory reporting on environmental and social matters (to inform). Second, to discuss several of the current ongoing debates regarding such reporting (to encourage discourse). Third, to encourage research into the mandatory reporting of environmental and social matters.
Is cerebrovascular autoregulation associated with outcomes after major noncardiac surgery? A prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Chuan Alwin , Short Timothy G. , Peng Alexander Z. Y. , Wen Shelly Y. B. , Sun Alice X. , Ting Timothy H. , Wan Anthony S. , Pope Linda , Jaeger Matthias , Aneman Anders 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundStudies have identified multiple risk factors for development of cognitive decline after surgery. Impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation may be a contributor to postoperative cognitive decline.MethodsOne hundred and forty patients admitted for major elective noncardiac surgery were recruited. Near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to calculate the tissue oxygenation index of dynamic autoregulation (TOx). The primary endpoint was Day 3 cognitive recovery as assessed using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale. The secondary endpoint was a combined major adverse event of death, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, and acute kidney injury at Day 30.ResultsHigher optimal TOx values, signifying impaired autoregulation, were associated with worse outcomes. Patients who cognitively recovered at Day 3 (n = 47) had lower optimal TOx values (TOxopt) than patients who did not recover (n = 22): 0.06 (0.24) vs 0.18 (0.16) (mean [SD]), P = 0.02. Patients who did not suffer a major adverse event (n = 102) had lower TOxopt than patients who did (n = 17): 0.09 (0.21) vs 0.20 (0.27), P = 0.04. When dichotomized as having impaired or intact autoregulation based on TOxopt levels, a value of TOxopt ≥0.1 correctly identified 72.7% of patients who did not cognitively recover, OR 3.3 (1.1‐9.9) (Odds ratio, [95% CI]), P = 0.03. TOxopt ≥0.1 correctly identified 82.4% of patients who suffered a major adverse event, OR 4.7 (1.3‐17.2), P = 0.02.ConclusionsIn older and higher risk patients having major noncardiac surgery, impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation was associated with failure of cognitive recovery in the early postoperative period and with 1‐month mortality and morbidity.
Effects of terlipressin infusion on blood loss and transfusion needs during liver resection: A randomised trial
Authors: Abbas Mostafa S. , Mohamed Khaled S. , Ibraheim Osama A. , Taha Ahmed M. , Ibraheem Tameem M. , Fadel Bashir A. , Elawamy Abdelraheem , Abbas Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBlood loss and perioperative blood transfusion requirements affect the long‐term survival after liver resection for malignant tumours. Terlipressin is a synthetic vasopressin analogue with relative specificity for the splanchnic circulation where it causes vasoconstriction with subsequent reduction of blood loss during abdominal surgeries. We tried to examine the impact of terlipressin on blood loss and blood transfusion needs during liver resection.MethodsIn this randomised, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial 84 patients scheduled for major liver resections were randomly assigned to receive either terlipressin at the onset of surgery as an initial bolus dose of (1 mg over 30 minutes) followed by a continuous infusion of 2 μg/kg/h throughout the procedure (Terlipressin group) or the same volume and rate of 0.9% saline (Placebo group).The primary outcome was the amount of intra‐operative blood loss.ResultsThe mean (SD) of the amount of intra‐operative blood loss was 1351 (887) in the terlipressin group versus 1892 (889) mL in the placebo group (P = 0.006). Thirteen (30%) patients received blood transfusion in the terlipressin group compared with t27 (64.2%) in the placebo group (P = 0.002) with a statistically significant difference in the median (range) number of the transfused units of packed RBCs [0 (0‐5) units and 1 (0‐6) units in the two groups respectively; P = 0.001].ConclusionTerlipressin infusion during major liver resection was associated with less bleeding compared to placebo. More studies are required to confirm our results especially in patients with normal portal pressure.
Functional analysis of vocal folds by transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography in patients undergoing thyroidectomy
Authors: Dubey Mamta , Mittal Amit K , Jaipuria Jiten , Arora Manisha , Dewan Ajay K. , Pahade Akhilesh 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundTranscutaneous laryngeal ultrasound (TCLUS) can assess Vocal folds (VF) by subjectively identifying mobility or objectively by calculating vocal fold displacement velocity (VFDV). Optimal diagnostic approach (subjective assessment, VFDV estimation or a combination of both) is unresolved; hence, we conducted this prospective study in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.MethodTwo anaesthetists performed TCLUS pre‐ and post‐operatively for functional assessment of 200 VFs on 100 patients. Their findings were compared with pre‐operative flexible laryngoscope (FL) performed by surgeons and with post‐operative C‐Mac video laryngoscope (C‐Mac VL) by another independent anaesthetist. Correlation between FL and TCLUS findings and inter‐rater agreement between TCLUS findings of both anaesthetists was analysed. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to compare clinical benefit of hoarseness, subjective VF movement, VFDV, and combined assessment for detecting disabled VFs.ResultsWe found good correlation between VF mobility on TCLUS and FL (Spearman's r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) as well as C‐Mac VL (Spearman's r = 0.83, P < 0.0001) with excellent inter‐rater agreement between both anaesthetists. DCA showed combined assessment to have marginally higher clinical benefit than other diagnostic approaches at intermediate threshold probabilities while its benefit was similar to subjective evaluation at higher threshold probabilities.ConclusionProvided achievement of optimal acoustic window, TCLUS can reliably assess disabled VFs with FL reserved for their confirmation or doubtful cases. Subjective assessment of VF mobility should suffice in most cases with additional VFDV estimation reserved pre‐operatively for situations with higher risk of VFs disability, and post‐operatively when subjective VF assessment findings are discordant from pre‐operative status.
High‐fat diet protects the blood–brain barrier in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Elhaik Goldman Shirin , Goez David , Last David , Naor Sharone , Liraz Zaltsman Sigal , Sharvit‐Ginon Inbal , Atrakchi‐Baranes Dana , Shemesh Chen , Twitto‐Greenberg Rachel , Tsach Shoval , Lotan Roni , Leikin‐Frenkel Alicia , Shish Aviv , Mardor Yael , Schnaider Beeri Michal , Cooper Itzik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is evidence for impaired blood–brain barrier (BBB) in both diseases, but its role in the interplay between them is not clear. Here, we investigated the effects of high‐fat diet (HFD), a model for T2D, on the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, in regard to BBB function. We showed that HFD mice had higher weight, more insulin resistance, and higher serum HDL cholesterol levels, primarily in Tg2576 mice, which also had higher brain lipids content. In terms of behavior, Tg2576 HFD mice were less active and more anxious, but had better learning in the Morris Water Maze compared to Tg2576 on regular diet. HFD had no effect on the level of amyloid beta 1–42 in the cortex of Tg2576 mice, but increased the transcription level of insulin receptor in the hippocampus. Tg2576 mice on regular diet demonstrated more BBB disruption at 8 and 12 months accompanied by larger lateral ventricles volume in contrast to Tg2576 HFD mice, whose BBB leakage and ventricular volume were similar to wild‐type (WT) mice. Our results suggest that in AD, HFD may promote better cognitive function through improvements of BBB function and of brain atrophy but not of amyloid beta levels. Lipid metabolism in the CNS and peripheral tissues and brain insulin signaling may underlie this protection.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients with Heavy Alcohol Consumption and Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Samala Niharika , Lourens Spencer G. , Shah Vijay H. , Kamath Patrick S. , Sanyal Arun J. , Crabb David W. , Tang Qing , Radaeva Svetlana , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Chalasani Naga 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundLifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population is reported to be 6.8%. Individuals with alcohol dependence and substance abuse have high prevalence of PTSD. However, the prevalence of PTSD in heavy drinkers with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is not known.The study's aim was to determine the prevalence of PTSD in heavy drinkers with and without AH.MethodsWe screened for PTSD using the Primary Care‐PTSD questionnaire among heavy drinkers with (n = 115) and without (n = 64) AH participating in a multicenter observational study in which participants were followed up to 12 months following their enrollment.ResultsThe prevalence of PTSD in heavy drinkers with AH was 34% and was not different from heavy drinking controls without liver disease (34%). In the entire group screened for PTSD, the presence of PTSD was associated with higher alcohol consumption as reported by average drinks per last 30 days and average grams of alcohol consumed per day (p = 0.047 for both tests), but not associated with relapse of heavy drinking or mortality. Similarly, patients with AH and PTSD did not have higher relapse rate or higher mortality compared to patients with AH but no PTSD.ConclusionsCompared to previously reported prevalence in general population, heavy drinking individuals with or without AH have significantly higher prevalence of PTSD. However, PTSD was not associated with higher relapse rate or higher mortality in this population.
Complexity in mood disorder diagnosis: fMRI connectivity networks predicted medication‐class of response in complex patients
Authors: Osuch E. , Gao S. , Wammes M. , Théberge J. , Williamson P. , Neufeld R. J. , Du Y. , Sui J. , Calhoun V. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis study determined the clinical utility of an fMRI classification algorithm predicting medication‐class of response in patients with challenging mood diagnoses.MethodsNinety‐nine 16–27‐year‐olds underwent resting state fMRI scans in three groups—BD, MDD and healthy controls. A predictive algorithm was trained and cross‐validated on the known‐diagnosis patients using maximally spatially independent components (ICs), constructing a similarity matrix among subjects, partitioning the matrix in kernel space and optimizing support vector machine classifiers and IC combinations. This classifier was also applied to each of 12 new individual patients with unclear mood disorder diagnoses.ResultsClassification within the known‐diagnosis group was approximately 92.4% accurate. The five maximally contributory ICs were identified. Applied to the complicated patients, the algorithm diagnosis was consistent with optimal medication‐class of response to sustained recovery in 11 of 12 cases (i.e., almost 92% accuracy).ConclusionThis classification algorithm performed well for the know‐diagnosis but also predicted medication‐class of response in difficult‐to‐diagnose patients. Further research can enhance this approach and extend these findings to be more clinically accessible.
A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position
Authors: Li Xuankun , Yeates David K 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new genus of bee fly (Bombyliinae: Bombyliini) is described to place a unique species Paramonovius nightking gen. et sp. nov. The new species is only collected in winter and is only known from a restricted area in Western Australia. Our morphological phylogeny indicates the new genus is sister to Sisyromyia White, 1916 and is similar to the latter in some external characters such as the one‐segmented antennal flagellum with apical stylus, subapex with 3–5 long hairs, open cell r5 and cell br nearly as long as cell bm. However, Paramonovius gen. nov. has dichoptic male eyes, sparse scales on the median abdominal stripe, enlarged claw and pulvillus, as well as a series of autapomorphies in the genitalia. We present a modified key to the Australian genera of Bombyliini to accommodate this new genus. The unusual flight time of this genus may have contributed to its rarity in collections.
Psoriasis and infection. A clinical practice narrative
Authors: Rademaker Marius , Agnew Karen , Anagnostou Nicholas , Andrews Megan , Armour Katherine , Baker Christopher , Foley Peter , Gebauer Kurt , Gupta Monisha , Marshman Gillian , Rubel Diana , Sullivan John , Wong Li‐Chuen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Australasian Psoriasis Collaboration has developed a clinical practice narrative with respect to the relationship between psoriasis, its treatment and infection. The cutaneous microbiome of patients with psoriasis is different to those without psoriasis, although the significance of this is unclear. Whilst a wide range of microorganisms has been associated with psoriasis (including β‐haemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, Chlamydia psittaci, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus), there is limited evidence that antimicrobial therapy is of direct benefit in preventing flares of psoriasis. Psoriasis is independently associated with an increased risk of serious infection, but the absolute risk is low. The risk of serious infections is further increased with immune‐modulatory treatments. The decision whether to, and when to, stop or resume immune‐modulatory treatment after a serious infection has occurred depends on risk assessment for that patient, taking into account the infection being treated, the risk of recurrent infection, any interventions that can modify the risk and the need for psoriasis control. Live vaccines (e.g. MMR, varicella, zoster and yellow fever) are generally contraindicated in patients with psoriasis on immune‐modulatory agents, but this depends on the degree of immune suppression and individual risk factors. Wound healing in psoriasis is normal. Treatment with infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, methotrexate and ciclosporin can safely be continued through low‐risk surgical procedures. For moderate‐ and high‐risk surgeries, a case‐by‐case approach should be taken based on the patient's individual risk factors and comorbidities.