bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong authentication framework using statistical approach for cloud environments
Authors: Subramanian Nalini , Andrews J. 
Published: October 2018

SummarySecurity is one of the important challenges faced by cloud computing. There are so many methods like encryption, firewall, and providing access control to achieve security. These methods alone cannot provide a flawless access to the available resources. We are in need of a paradigm that permits only authenticated users to access the resources from the cloud. The objective of the proposed paradigm is to provide a strong authentication. Our proposed method considers only the appropriate parameters from the available plenty of parameters, which is used to prove a user to be an authenticated person. The selection of the required parameters is achieved using Principle Component Analysis, then Support Vector Machine classifies accurately the authenticated and unauthenticated users. The simulation result shows that our proposed paradigm achieves high security. We compute our paradigm with various evaluation metrics and we compared with similar models like Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Networks. We got great improvement. In order to reduce the complexity, the number of parameters is reduced because, if the parameters are huge, the algorithm prediction will be more complex, which leads to false negatives.
Cooperative localization and tracking in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Hehdly Kaouther , Laaraiedh Mohamed , Abdelkefi Fatma , Siala Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCooperative localization has attracted great attention in recent years. However, in some scenarios, localization precision is challenging and does not meet the application requirements. In this paper, Kalman and Particle filters (KF and PF) are considered for cooperative localization scenarios purpose. We propose to apply these techniques to cooperative localization approaches that we investigated in previous papers: Evolved Variational Message Passing algorithm (E‐VMP) and Cooperative Robust Geometric Positioning Algorithm (C‐RGPA). The main added value of distributed tracking filters is to guarantee dynamic versions of these two algorithms. The proposed techniques are evaluated and compared by means of real heterogeneous measurements carried out using ZigBee and OFDM devices and where location‐dependent parameters such as RSSI and RTD are exploited.Experiments and realistic simulations reveal that the proposed techniques exhibit better localization accuracy for very low complexity and cost. Moreover, the comparative study shows that distributed particle filter (DPF) provides better performance than KF in terms of positioning accuracy and root‐mean square error.
Detection of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in urine samples using a capillary Western system
Authors: Desharnais Philippe , Naud Jean‐François , Ayotte Christiane 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe presence of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in the urine samples collected from athletes is detected using traditional Western blotting following either size‐based separation (SDS/SAR‐PAGE) or isoelectric focusing (IEF). Although there is an important testing effort, there is little doubt that ESAs are still abused in sports and that reducing the costs of the tests might increase the number of tests and improve deterrence. The capillary electrophoresis system developed by Protein Simple may be useful to this end. This platform is fully automated and could be easily implemented in anti‐doping laboratories, which would contribute to the improvement of the overall assay performance and standardization of the method. Such an automated system could be of interest during major sports events, such as the Olympic Games, where a high number of samples needs to be analyzed in a short period of time. From the experiments conducted so far, we conclude that the technique is promising, with the sensitivity and reproducibility needed to screen ESAs in human urine samples.
Habitat effects on intra‐species variation in functional morphology: Evidence from freshwater fish
Authors: Shuai Fangmin , Yu Shixiao , Lek Sovan , Li Xinhui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiotic‐environment interactions have long been considered an important factor in functional phenotype differentiation in organisms. The differentiation processes determining functional phenotypes can reveal important mechanisms yielding differences in specific functions of animal traits in the ecosystem. In the present study, we examined functional morphological variations in relation to increasing geographic altitude. Six fish species were examined for how environment factors affect intra‐specific functional morphology in the subtropical Pearl River in southern China. Functional morphology traits revealed variable effects due to geographic elevation, although spatial autocorrelation existed among the species tested. The results showed that high‐elevation individuals had a more narrow‐bodied morphology, with more flexible maneuvrability when swimming, and more evenly distributed musculature than low‐elevation individuals. Low‐elevation individuals preyed upon larger food sources than high‐elevation individuals in some species. Fish functional morphology was strongly affected by regional environmental factors (such as elevation and water temperature) and physical characteristics of local rivers (such as flow velocity, river fractals, and coefficients of fluvial facies). In addition, the effects of the regional factors were stronger than those of the local factors in the Pearl River. Furthermore, it was found that morphological traits associated with locomotion were primarily effected by the river's physical characteristics. While morphological traits associated with food acquisition were primarily affected by water chemical factors (such as DO, water clarity, NH4‐N concentration, and TDS). These results demonstrated that habitat has an influence on the biological morphology of fish species, which further affects the functioning of the organism within the ecosystem.
Competition alters seasonal resource selection and promotes use of invasive shrubs by an imperiled native cottontail
Authors: Cheeseman Amanda E. , Ryan Sadie J. , Whipps Christopher M. , Cohen Jonathan B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany ecosystems face multiple invaders, and interactions among invasive and native species may complicate conservation efforts for imperiled species. Examination of fine‐scale resource selection can be used to detect patterns in habitat selection resulting from species interactions and assess the value of specific resources, including invasive plants, to wildlife. We used animal location data with mixed‐effects resource selection models to examine seasonal competitive interactions and species‐specific selection for forage and cover resources by an imperiled native lagomorph, the New England cottontail Sylvilagus transitionalis and its nonnative competitor, the eastern cottontail S. floridanus in the eastern Hudson Valley, NY. We found evidence that resource selection by New England cottontails depended on the relative prevalence of eastern cottontails to New England cottontails. Where eastern cottontails were less prevalent New England cottontail selected for resources characteristic of early successional shrublands. Where eastern cottontails were more prevalent, New England cottontails selected for resources characteristic of later successional shrublands. New England cottontail use of certain invasive shrubs depended on the prevalence of eastern cottontails relative to New England cottontails, suggesting response to invasive plants is confounded by interactions with a nonnative competitor. Our results further emphasize the need for conservation efforts to consider invasive management within the ecosystem context. We demonstrate the utility of resource selection studies to assist in this regard by exploring competitive interactions in the absence of removal studies, while simultaneously assessing the impact of habitat components such as invasive vegetation on species of conservation concern. Synthesis and applications Resource selection studies can be directly applied to inform ongoing species conservation where multiple invaders are present or where species interactions influence resource selection. Fine‐scale assessments of resource selection, similar to those presented here, can be used to selectively manage habitat to benefit desired species within the ecosystem context.
Integrating multiple genetic detection methods to estimate population density of social and territorial carnivores
Authors: Murphy Sean M. , Augustine Ben C. , Adams Jennifer R. , Waits Lisette P. , Cox John J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpatial capture–recapture models can produce unbiased estimates of population density, but sparse detection data often plague studies of social and territorial carnivores. Integrating multiple types of detection data can improve estimation of the spatial scale parameter (σ), activity center locations, and density. Noninvasive genetic sampling is effective for detecting carnivores, but social structure and territoriality could cause differential detectability among population cohorts for different detection methods. Using three observation models, we evaluated the integration of genetic detection data from noninvasive hair and scat sampling of the social and territorial coyote (Canis latrans). Although precision of estimated density was improved, particularly if sharing σ between detection methods was appropriate, posterior probabilities of σ and posterior predictive checks supported different σ for hair and scat observation models. The resulting spatial capture–recapture model described a scenario in which scat‐detected individuals lived on and around scat transects, whereas hair‐detected individuals had larger σ and mostly lived off of the detector array, leaving hair but not scat samples. A more supported interpretation is that individual heterogeneity in baseline detection rates (λ0) was inconsistent between detection methods, such that each method disproportionately detected different population cohorts. These findings can be attributed to the sociality and territoriality of canids: Residents may be more likely to strategically mark territories via defecation (scat deposition), and transients may be more likely to exhibit rubbing (hair deposition) to increase mate attraction. Although this suggests that reliance on only one detection method may underestimate population density, integrating multiple sources of genetic detection data may be problematic for social and territorial carnivores. These data are typically sparse, modeling individual heterogeneity in λ0and/or σ with sparse data is difficult, and positive bias can be introduced in density estimates if individual heterogeneity in detection parameters that is inconsistent between detection methods is not appropriately modeled. Previous suggestions for assessing parameter consistency of σ between detection methods using Bayesian model selection algorithms could be confounded by individual heterogeneity in λ0in noninvasive detection data. We demonstrate the usefulness of augmenting those approaches with calibrated posterior predictive checks and plots of the posterior density of activity centers for key individuals.
Genetic effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on remnant animal and plant populations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Schlaepfer Daniel R. , Braschler Brigitte , Rusterholz Hans‐Peter , Baur Bruno 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are among the biggest threats to biodiversity. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation leads to small and isolated remnant plant and animal populations. The combination of increased random genetic drift, inbreeding, and reduced gene flow may substantially reduce genetic variation of remnant populations. However, the magnitude of these responses may depend on several poorly understood factors including organism group, habitat type of both the fragment and the surrounding matrix, life‐history traits, and time since fragmentation. We compiled data for 83 plant and 52 animal species and conducted a meta‐analysis following best practices to evaluate how these factors mediate the effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. We calculated 206 effect sizes as correlations between one of four measures of population‐level genetic diversity and fragment area. All analyses were repeated using models of increasing complexity (traditional random‐effects models, multilevel models accounting for non‐independent data, and multilevel models additionally correcting for phylogenetic relatedness). We confirmed that anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has overall negative effects on genetic diversity of organisms. Our meta‐analysis shows, however, that plant species responded in general stronger to fragmentation than animal species and that the largest negative impacts of fragmentation occurred in tropical and temperate forest fragments, surrounded by a non‐forest matrix. In contrast, we found only weak responses in non‐forest fragments. Genetic diversity measured as mean number of alleles (A) showed the strongest response to fragmentation. Expected heterozygosity (He) and percentage of polymorphic loci (PLP) showed similar but weaker responses. In contrast, our meta‐analysis indicated that inbreeding (Fis) was not measurably affected by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. Additionally, our models revealed that effects on genetic diversity became stronger with age of fragments: We found significant negative responses for fragments older than 50 yr but not for those more recently isolated. Our meta‐analyses also showed that currently animals are underrepresented in the literature on genetic effects of anthropogenic fragmentation, as are certain geographical regions and habitat types. We expect that future field studies using state‐of‐the‐art approaches will provide further evidence of negative genetic effects, which may reinforce the here reported patterns, even for groups not yet studied.
Tier 3 specialist weight management service and pre‐bariatric multicomponent weight management programmes for adults with obesity living in the UK: A systematic review
Authors: Alkharaiji Mohammed , Anyanwagu Uchenna , Donnelly Richard , Idris Iskandar 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundNHS England has recommended a multidisciplinary weight management services (MWMS—Tier 3 services) for patients requiring specialized management of obesity, including bariatric surgery, but clinical and measurable health‐related outcomes from these services remains fragmented. We therefore undertook a systematic review to explore the evidence base of effect on body weight loss and comorbidities outcomes of Tier 3 or UK pre‐bariatric MWMPs.MethodsAMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, HDAS search and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to September 2017 in a free‐text fashion and crossed‐references of included studies to identify potential illegibility. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) published Tier 3 original study abstracts/articles; (b) intervention studies with before and after data; (c) studies that included any sort of MWMPs conducted on British residents with obesity; and (d) studies included T2DM measurements in a MWMPs.ResultsIn total, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants analysed was N = 11,735. Baseline accumulative average BMI was calculated at 42.54 kg/m2, weight 117.88 kg and waist circumference 126.9 cm. And at 6 months, 40.73 kg/m2, 112.17 kg and 120.3 cm, respectively. Secondary outcome variables were as improved with reduction in HbA1c, fasting blood sugars, insulin usage and blood pressure. Physical activity increased at 3 months then declined after 6 months with no significant changes in cholesterol levels.ConclusionTier 3 and MWMPs have a short to mid‐ranged positive effect on obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) living in the UK regarding accumulated reduction in weight, glycaemic control, blood pressure and with subtle improvements in physical activity.
Skin‐homing CD8+ T cells preferentially express GPI‐anchored peptidase inhibitor 16, an inhibitor of cathepsin K
Authors: Lupsa Nikolett , Érsek Barbara , Horváth Andor , Bencsik András , Lajkó Eszter , Silló Pálma , Oszvald Ádám , Wiener Zoltán , Reményi Péter , Mikala Gábor , Masszi Tamás , Buzás Edit I , Pós Zoltán 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study sought to identify novel CD8+ T cell homing markers by studying acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD), typically involving increased T cell homing to the skin and gut. FACS‐sorted skin‐homing (CD8β+/CLA+), gut‐homing (CD8β+/integrinβ7+), and reference (CD8β+/CLA–/integrinβ7–) T cells were compared in patients affected by cutaneous and/or gastrointestinal aGVHD. Microarray analysis, qPCR, and flow cytometry revealed increased expression of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) in skin‐homing CD8+ T cells. Robust association of PI16 with skin homing was confirmed in all types of aGvHD and in healthy controls, too. PI16 was not observed on CLA+ leukocytes other than T cells. Induction of PI16 expression on skin‐homing T cells occurred independently of vitamin D3. Among skin‐homing T cells, PI16 expression was most pronounced in memory‐like CD45RO+/CD127+/CD25+/CD69−/granzyme B− cells. PI16 was confined to the plasma membrane, was GPI‐anchored, and was lost upon restimulation of memory CD8+ T cells. Loss of PI16 occurred by downregulation of PI16 transcription, and not by Phospholipase C (PLC)‐ or Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐mediated shedding, or by protein recycling. Inhibitor screening and pull‐down experiments confirmed that PI16 inhibits cathepsin K, but may not bind to other skin proteases. These data link PI16 to skin‐homing CD8+ T cells, and raise the possibility that PI16 may regulate cutaneous cathepsin K.
Cancer‐related chronic pain: Investigation of the novel analgesic drug candidate cebranopadol in a randomized, double‐blind, noninferiority trial
Authors: Eerdekens Marie‐Henriette , Kapanadze Sofia , Koch Erika Dietlind , Kralidis Georg , Volkers Gisela , Ahmedzai Sam Hjelmeland , Meissner Winfried 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCancer‐related pain is a growing health problem given the increasing life expectancy of cancer patients. Opioids are commonly used to treat cancer‐related pain, but carry the risk of severe side effects, limiting their use. Cebranopadol is a first‐in‐class drug candidate, combining nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide and opioid peptide receptor agonism. This trial examined the analgesic efficacy of cebranopadol compared with morphine prolonged release (PR) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe cancer‐related pain.MethodsThis double‐blind, parallel‐group, multiple‐dose trial was designed as noninferiority trial for efficacy of cebranopadol versus morphine PR. Planned with 524 patients, finally 126 patients were treated for up to 7 weeks (low accrual). The primary efficacy endpoint was the average amount of daily rescue medication intake (morphine immediate release) over the last 2 weeks of treatment.ResultsFor the primary endpoint, noninferiority of cebranopadol with and superiority over morphine PR were demonstrated (Full Analysis Set: ∆[95%CI] = −7.48 mg [−12.05, −2.92]; Per Protocol Set: ∆[95%CI] = −4.67 mg [−9.25, −0.10]). The vast majority of patients (≥75%, either treatment) had clinically relevant pain reduction, and noninferiority on this secondary endpoint was not shown. Mostly used doses were ≤800 μg cebranopadol or ≤120 mg morphine PR daily. A total of 83.1% of patients on cebranopadol and 82.0% on morphine PR experienced treatment‐emergent adverse events.ConclusionsCebranopadol was effective, safe and well tolerated in the dose range tested (200–1,000 μg) in patients suffering from chronic moderate‐to‐severe cancer‐related pain and was superior to morphine PR on the primary endpoint.SignificanceCebranopadol presents a new approach to treat cancer pain. The drug candidate was easy to titrate, safe and well tolerated, and as effective as morphine PR in patients suffering from chronic moderate‐to‐severe cancer‐related pain
Dielectrophoretic characterization and separation of monocytes and macrophages using 3D carbon‐electrodes
Authors: Elitas Meltem , Yildizhan Yagmur , Islam Monsur , Martinez‐Duarte Rodrigo , Ozkazanc Didem 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonocyte heterogeneity and its prevalence are revealed as indicator of several human diseases ranking from cardiovascular diseases to rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney diseases, autoimmune multiple sclerosis, and stroke injuries. When monocytes and macrophages are characterized and isolated with preserved genetic, phenotypic and functional properties, they can be used as label‐free biomarkers for precise diagnostics and treatment of various diseases. Here, the dielectrophoretic responses of the monocytes and macrophages were examined. We present 3D carbon‐electrode dielectrophoresis (carbon‐DEP) as a separation tool for U937 monocytes and U937 monocyte‐differentiated macrophages. The carbon‐electrodes advanced the usability and throughput of DEP separation, presented wider electrochemical stability. Using the 3D carbon‐DEP chip, we first identified the selective positive and negative DEP responses and specific crossover frequencies of monocytes and macrophages as their signatures for separation. The crossover frequency of monocytes and macrophages was 17 and 30 kHz, respectively. Next, we separated monocyte and macrophage subpopulations using their specific dielectrophoretic responses. Afterward, we used a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter to confirm our results. Finally, we enriched 70% of monocyte cells from the mixed cell population, in other words, concentration of monocyte cells to macrophage cells was five times increased, using the 30‐kHz, 10‐Vpp electric field and 1 μL/min flow rate.
Electrohydrodynamic transport of non‐symmetric electrolyte through porous wall of a microtube
Authors: Bhattacharjee Saikat , Roy Debashis , Pal Anish , De Sirshendu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTransport of salt through the wall of porous microtube is relevant in various physiological microcirculation systems. Transport phenomena based modeling of such system is undertaken in the present study considering a combined driving force consisting of pressure gradient and external electric field. Transport of salt is modeled in two domains, in the flow conduit and in the pores of porous wall of the microtube. The solute transport in the microtube is presented by convective‐diffusive mass balance and it is solved using integral method under the framework of boundary layer analysis. The wall of the microtube is considered to be consisting of series of straight parallel cylindrical pores with charged inner surface. The solute transport through the pores is considered to be composed of diffusive, convective and electric potential gradient governed by Nernst‐Planck equation. Transport in the microtube and pores is coupled through the osmotic pressure model for the solvent and Donnan equilibrium distribution for the solute. The simulated results agree remarkably well with the experimental data conducted by in‐house experimental set up. The charge density of the porous wall is estimated through the minimization of errors involved between the experimental and simulated data for different operating conditions.