bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum and Decorrelated Constrained Multistage Linear Phenotypic Selection Indices Theory
Authors: Cerón‐Rojas J. Jesus , Toledo Fernando H. , Crossa Jose 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSome authors have evaluated the unconstrainedoptimumanddecorrelatedmultistage linear phenotypic selection indices (OMLPSI and DMLPSI, respectively) theory. We extended this index theory to the constrained multistage linear phenotypic selection index context, where we denoted OMLPSI and DMLPSI as OCMLPSI and DCMLPSI, respectively. The OCMLPSI (DCMLPSI) is the most general multistage index and includes the OMLPSI (DMLPSI) as a particular case. The OCMLPSI (DCMLPSI) predicts the individual net genetic merit at different individual ages and allows imposing constraints on the genetic gains to make some traits change their mean values based on a predetermined level, while the rest of them remain without restrictions. The OCMLPSI takes into consideration the index correlation values among stages, whereas the DCMLPSI imposes the restriction that the index correlation values among stages be null. The criteria to evaluate OCMLPSI efficiency vs. DCMLPSI efficiency were that the total response of each index must be lower than or equal to the single‐stage constrained linear phenotypic selection index response and that the expected genetic gain per trait values should be similar to the constraints imposed by the breeder. We used one real and one simulated dataset to validate the efficiency of the indices. The results indicated that OCMLPSI accuracy when predicting the selection response and expected genetic gain per trait was higher than DCMLPSI accuracy when predicting them. Thus, breeders should use the OCMLPSI when making a phenotypic selection.
Accuracy of Estimating Soil Properties with Mid‐Infrared Spectroscopy: Implications of Different Chemometric Approaches and Software Packages Related to Calibration Sample Size
Authors: Ludwig Bernard , Murugan Raja , Parama V. R. Ramakrishna , Vohland Michael 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
Selection of spectral regions was included in MIR predictions of soil properties.
The R software outperformed a commercial chemometric software.
SVMR and model averaging performed better than PLSR and artificial neural networks.
With decreasing calibration sample size, the usefulness of SVMR over PLSR decreased.
MIRS studies may focus more on representativeness, sample sizes, and variabilities.
Different algorithms exist in various software programs for the estimation of soil properties using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, with recommendations varying between different studies regarding which algorithm should be used. Objectives were to compare the performance of the commercial OPUS Quant 2 software, which uses partial least squares regression (PLSR) and a selection of spectral ranges, with the R software and to study the accuracy of different algorithms as a function of the information provided in the calibration. Contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen, and texture for surface soils of an arable field were determined, and MIR were spectra recorded. Partial least squares regression used with either software was useful (ratio of performance to interquartile distance in the validation sample [RPIQV] >1.89) for an estimation of SOC, clay, and N contents but not for sand and silt. The wavenumber region selection concept used in OPUS was also implemented in R, and it proved useful for SOC (all algorithms) and total nitrogen (artificial neural networks, support vector machine regression [SVMR]) in the validation. Support vector machine regression generally slightly outperformed the other approaches and resulted in a successful estimation of sand content. The usefulness of SVMR over PLSR generally decreased with decreasing sample size used for the calibration (thus decreasing the information provided), and PLSR partly outperformed SVMR in the validation. Overall, this study indicates that there is no general superiority of a chemometric algorithm over PLSR independent of the information provided in the calibration sample.
Analysis of Cracking Potential and Modification of Soil‐Water Characteristic Curve by Adding Wheat Residues
Authors: Xing Xuguang , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
Wheat residues (WRs) prevent surface crack and raise water retention.
Wheat straw is better than wheat husk in limiting crack and enhancing soil water.
Soil capillary theory is combined with van Genuchten (VG) model for modification.
The modified VG model is valid for infiltration simulation for soil–WR composites.
Wheat is a common crop, and its residues, such as wheat straw (WS) and wheat husk (WH), are typically recycled into farmland to improve water retention capacity. Water availability (in an unsaturated range) and soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) require evaluations, but research has revealed little regarding the crack potential of dehydrated soil with added WS or WH composites. The current study investigated variations in crack intensity factor (CIF) caused by 1, 1.5, and 2% (w/w) WS and WH addition and modified the traditional SWCC model for applicability to soil mixed with WS or WH. The results revealed that the inclusion of WS and WH inhibits surface cracking, with maximum CIF reductions from 11.22 to 3.80%. Meanwhile, saturated moisture is improved by adding either WS or WH, and supplemented soil retains more water on average than pure soil under drought conditions. Moreover, a modified physical‐based SWCC model applicable to determining SWCC for soil mixed with WS or WH composites is established by combining the traditional model with the soil capillary theory. The fitted results showed this modified SWCC model led to a better agreement than the traditional SWCC model between measurement and simulation. The hydraulic parameters in this modified model can be used as inputs in the soil‐water movement simulation for soil–wheat residue composites.
United States Midwest Soil and Weather Conditions Influence Anaerobic Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen
Authors: Clark Jason D. , Veum Kristen S. , Fernández Fabián G. , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Franzen David W. , Kaiser Daniel E. , Kitchen Newell R. , Laboski Carrie A. M. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Rosen Carl J. , Sawyer John E. , Shanahan John F. 
Published: September 2019

Nitrogen provided to crops through mineralization is an important factor in N management guidelines. Understanding of the interactive effects of soil and weather conditions on N mineralization needs to be improved. Relationships between anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMNan) and soil and weather conditions were evaluated under the contrasting climates of eight US Midwestern states. Soil was sampled (0–30 cm) for PMNan analysis before pre‐plant N application (PP0N) and at the V5 development stage from the pre‐plant 0 (V50N) and 180 kg N ha−1 (V5180N) rates and incubated for 7, 14, and 28 d. Even distribution of precipitation and warmer temperatures before soil sampling and greater soil organic matter (SOM) increased PMNan. Soil properties, including total C, SOM, and total N, had the strongest relationships with PMNan (R2 ≤ 0.40), followed by temperature (R2 ≤ 0.20) and precipitation (R2 ≤ 0.18) variables. The strength of the relationships between soil properties and PMNan from PP0N, V50N, and V5180N varied by ≤10%. Including soil and weather in the model greatly increased PMNan predictability (R2 ≤ 0.69), demonstrating the interactive effect of soil and weather on N mineralization at different times during the growing season regardless of N fertilization. Delayed soil sampling (V50N) and sampling after fertilization (V5180N) reduced PMNan predictability. However, longer PMNan incubations improved PMNan predictability from both V5 soil samplings closer to the PMNan predictability from PP0N, indicating the potential of PMNan from longer incubations to provide improved estimates of N mineralization when N fertilizer is applied.Core Ideas
Relationships between mineralization estimates taken with the PMNan test and soil and weather conditions need to be improved.
Soil sample timing and N fertilization minimally affected PMNan predictability by soil and weather parameters.
Soil properties predict PMNan better than weather conditions.
Soil and weather conditions combined explain up to 69% of the variability of PMNan.
Longer PMNan incubations improve the relationship between soil and weather parameters and PMNan after N fertilization.
The Relation of Child’s Empathy and Parents’ Prejudice: The Mediating Role of Parenting Style
Authors: Pontania Almira Rizki , Salim Rose Mini Agoes 
Published: September 2019

This research presented the relationship between a child’s empathy and parents’ prejudice, which was mediated by parenting style. The purpose of this research was to determine whether parenting style could be a mediator between parents’ prejudice and child’s empathy and also what type of parenting style would be appropriate to increase empathy in children. The research respondents consisted of 233 parents who had children aged 6-8 years old and were measured using the Basic Empathy Scale-Parent Report (BES-PR), the Blatant Prejudice Scale, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire-Revised (PAQ-R). The data obtained were processed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression (Hayes process). The results show that parenting style can be a mediator between child’s empathy and parents’ prejudice. The parenting style that can increase empathy in children is authoritative parenting. It means that when parents have a low prejudice, they tend to apply authoritative parenting, and this has an effect on increasing empathy in children.
An Ethnolinguistic Study in the Names of Salt Farming Tools in Rembang District
Authors: Utama Faris Febri , Rais Wakit Abdullah , - Sumarlam 
Published: September 2019

The aim this research was to describe the names of the tools used in salt farming in Rembang district, which was viewed from an ethnolinguistic perspective. This research was a qualitative research using the Spradley ethnographic method. Data collection used participatory observation and interview techniques. The collected data were analyzed using the ethnosains analysis model. The results show that salt farmers in Rembang regency know at least 13 names of tools in salt farming, namely: ebor, sirat, kincir, desel, garuk, kusut, slender, ekrak, tolok, mbatan, angkong, dium, and ukuran banyu. The thirteen tools can be classified according to their functions, such as (1) to move seawater; (2) to flatten the pond bottom; (3) to compact the pond bottom; (4) to move the salt into a sack or conveyance; (5) to transport the salt in storage area; (6) for coating the bottom of the pond; (7) to determine the density of seawater in the pond.
Successful Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning
Authors: Hermawan Hermawan 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research was to analyze factors that influence a successful implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) at PT Agung Sedayu Group. Measuring the success of ERP implementation was needed to find out what success factors influence the implementation process. The DeLone and McLean success model was used as a measurement tool with employees who actively used the ERP system as respondents. The research method used was a descriptive quantitative method with questionnaires as data collection techniques with the indicators on DeLone and McLean model. Data taken from the questionnaire were 187 samples from 350 active user population systems at PT Agung Sedayu Group. Questionnaire data were processed using the SPSS application to test the validity and reliability; then linear regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesis. From the results of the research, it is known that all variables of system quality, information quality, service quality, usage, user satisfaction, and net benefits have an influence on the successful implementation of ERP at PT Agung Sedayu Group. The conclusion presents that the successful implementation of ERP is more influenced by user satisfaction supported by the level of use, system quality, information quality, and service quality.
Targeting the Endothelial Ca2+ Toolkit to Rescue Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity Associated-Hypertension
Authors: Moccia Francesco , Negri Sharon , Faris Pawan , Berra-Romani Roberto 
Published: September 2019

Background:Obesity is a major cardiovascular risk factor which dramatically impairs endothelium- dependent vasodilation and leads to hypertension and vascular damage. The impairment of the vasomotor response to extracellular autacoids, e.g., acetylcholine, mainly depends on the reduced Nitric Oxide (NO) bioavailability, which hampers vasorelaxation in large conduit arteries. In addition, obesity may affect Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization (EDH), which drives vasorelaxation in small resistance arteries and arterioles. Of note, endothelial Ca2+ signals drive NO release and trigger EDH.Methods:A structured search of bibliographic databases was carried out to retrieve the most influential, recent articles on the impairment of vasorelaxation in animal models of obesity, including obese Zucker rats, and on the remodeling of the endothelial Ca2+ toolkit under conditions that mimic obesity. Furthermore, we searched for articles discussing how dietary manipulation could be exploited to rescue Ca2+-dependent vasodilation.Results:We found evidence that the endothelial Ca2+ could be severely affected by obese vessels. This rearrangement could contribute to endothelial damage and is likely to be involved in the disruption of vasorelaxant mechanisms. However, several Ca2+-permeable channels, including Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential (TRPV) 1, 3 and 4 could be stimulated by several food components to stimulate vasorelaxation in obese individuals.Conclusion:The endothelial Ca2+ toolkit could be targeted to reduce vascular damage and rescue endothelium- dependent vasodilation in obese vessels. This hypothesis remains, however, to be probed on truly obese endothelial cells.
Vitamin D as a Potential Agent for Ischemic Axonal Regeneration after Epineurial Devascularization of the Sciatic Nerve
Authors: Erdem Huseyin , Sarikcioglu Levent , Boyan Neslihan , Oguz Ozkan 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Although vitamin D has several noncalcemic functions particularly on
nervous system, its neuroregenerative roles on ischemic peripheral nerve injury has not been
reported. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 after epineurial
devascularization of the sciatic nerve.

Methods:
Forty adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1
(Control), Group 2 (Sham-operated), Group 3 (Epineurial devascularization + vitamin D3
treatment), Group 4 (Epineurial devascularization + vehicle treatment). Recovery of the sciatic
nerve was analyzed by functional (sciatic functional index, pinch test and biochemical analyses)
and morphological (electron microscopic analysis and wet muscle weight analysis) methods.

Results:
Comparison of the data revealed that vitamin D3 administration had a beneficial effect on
regeneration after epineurial devascularization.

Results:
We suggest that vitamin D3 is an effective agent in the prevention of ischemic
peripheral nerve insults.
KRAS: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wu Hai-Zhou , Xiao Jia-Qi , Xiao Song-Shu , Cheng Yan 
Published: September 2019

:
Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most commonly mutated
oncogene in human cancer. The developments of many cancers depend on sustained expression and
signaling of KRAS, which makes KRAS a high-priority therapeutic target. Scientists have not
successfully developed drugs that target KRAS, although efforts have been made last three decades. In
this review, we highlight the emerging experimental strategies of impairing KRAS membrane
localization and the direct targeting of KRAS. We also conclude the combinatorial therapies and RNA
interference technology for the treatment of KRAS mutant cancers. Moreover, the virtual screening
approach to discover novel KRAS inhibitors and synthetic lethality interactors of KRAS are discussed in
detail.
Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of New Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Cetin Adnan , Kurt Havva 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The pyrazole structure is an important heterocyclic structure and plays critical
roles in agriculture, industrial and medicine. Furthermore, compounds containing pyrazole are
known to exhibit various biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiinflammatory,
antidepressant, antipyretic, antiviral, anti-tubercular and anti-HIV activities. Because
of these properties, pyrazole molecules have become a very popular topic for organic chemists.

Methods:
A series newly substituted pyrazole molecules were synthesized and characterized. Their
antimicrobial activities were investigated by disk diffusion method against some gram positive bacteria
and gram negative bacteria.

Results:
The present results indicated that the some test compounds were active in a broad spectrum
against important human pathogenic microorganisms. The substituted pyrazoles including carbazone
(7a, b) and thiazolidine (8a, b) showed a wide variety of biological activities. The results showed
that synthesized pyrazole, compounds 7b and 8b are highly active and more potent in both biological
and molecular docking simulation studies.

Conclusion:
The synthesized pyrazole molecules showed moderate antibacterial activities against
the tested microorganism compared to antibiotic drug. Some test compounds (7b and 8b) might be
used as new antibacterial agents.
Effects of β-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans in a Streptozotocininduced Rat Diabetes Model
Authors: Sohn Jae-Hak , Kim Joo Wan , Lim Jong-Min , Jung Go-Woon , Ku Sae Kwang , Choi Jae-Suk 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The alleviating effects of diabetic nephropathy and hepatopathy of β-glucan
were evaluated in this study.

Objective:
The anti-diabetic effects of β -glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans were assessed in a
streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetes model at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg doses. In addition, the possibility
of changes in the effects of β-glucan according to the severity of diabetes was also assessed at
one dosage (62.5 mg/kg): severe, >360 mg/dL; slight, 130-200 mg/dL.

Methods:
Test articles were administered orally to STZ-induced diabetic rats from 21 days after STZ
dosing for 4 weeks. Each of five or six female rats per group was selected using blood glucose levels
at 21 days after STZ dosing. Changes in body weight were recorded during the study, along with
blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine
aminotransferase levels. On the day of sacrifice, livers and kidneys were weighed and observed microscopically
for changes in the percentage of degenerative regions and numbers of degenerative tubules
in the kidney.

Results:
β-glucan showed no hypoglycemic effects in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model. However,
it had favorable effects on decreasing diabetic complications related to diabetic nephropathy and
hepatopathy.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that β-glucan showed favorable effects
in decreasing diabetic complications in STZ-induced rat diabetes model.
Melissopalynological, Physicochemical, Antimicrobial and Microbiological Attributes of Commercial Honeys from North West Nigeria
Authors: Mazai Husaina M. , Ibrahim Sani , Muhammad Aliyu , Abubakar Abdulmumin Z. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Honey is used for nutritional, medicinal and industrial purposes and maintenance
of the requisite quality is of great importance.

Objective:
This study distinctively aimed to portray twelve randomly selected profitable honeys accessible
in the North West Nigerian market with regards to floral nectar origin, physicochemical factors,
antimicrobial activity and microbial safety evaluations.

Methods:
Twelve (12) samples of honey sourced from diverse places in the Northwest of Nigeria
were analyzed for their pollen spectra, physicochemical parameters, antimicrobial activity and microbiological
safety.

Results:
Dominant pollen types from the analysis were Borassus (72%), Piptadenia africana (39%),
Lophira (91%) and Combretaceae (91%) for Sokoto, Jigawa, Kaduna and Katsina States honey samples,
respectively. The physicochemical analysis of the samples revealed that pH was in range from
3.32 to 4.25, moisture content varied from 16.37% to 18.70%, ash content 0.23% to 0.93% and free
acidity 6.83meq/Kg to 32.00meq/kg, electrical conductivity ranged from 0.13mS/cm to 1.40mS/cm,
reducing sugars was 42.85% to 49.30%, sucrose content was 0.74% to 6.75%, Hydroxymethylfurfural
value was 11.0mg/Kg to 80.20mg/Kg, diastase level ranged from 7.23 to 43.5 and Proline content
ranged from 104.67mg/Kg to 666.67mg/Kg. The antimicrobial evaluation revealed significant zone
of inhibition to E. coli, ranging from 19-38 mm at concentrations (12.5-100mg/mL) tested as compared
to all other test organisms.

Conclusion:
The fallouts of microbiological investigation of the samples revealed mould and bacteria,
with counts less than 102CFU/g. The findings showed that the attributes of the tested honey samples
maintained criteria of international standards.
Characterization of Galactomannan Isolated from Algerian Gleditsia triacanthos L. Seeds
Authors: Leboukh Mourad , Aouadi Saoudi , Gouzi Hicham 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The galactomannans are water-soluble carbohydrates widely used in the
food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, textile and paper industries. Recently, a need for an alternative
industrial source of galactomannans has arisen; one possible source is Honey locust
(Gleditsia triacanthos), which is abundant in Algeria.

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical and rheological
properties of Water-Soluble Galactomannan (WSG) purified from the seeds of Algerian Honey locust
(Gleditsia triacanthos L.).

Methods:
The galactomannan was purified from the seeds of Gleditsia triacanthos and was structurally
characterized by chromatographic (HPAEC, HPSEC-RID-MALLS) and spectroscopic (FT-IR,
1H, 13C NMR) methods.

Results:
The Honey locust seed contains a high level of WSG (yield, 10%), and the molecular
weight of its WSG was approximately 871.9 kDa. A highly viscous solution was obtained and had
an intrinsic viscosity [η] of 7.14-7.25 dL/g and an optical activity [α]D of +38.7°. Chromatographic
and spectroscopic analyses indicated the presence of β-D-mannopyranose and α-D-galactopyranose
in the heteropolysaccharide at a molar ratio of 2.86:1. The linear backbone of its macromolecule has
a central core composed of 4-linked β-mannose units, with branches of galactose, linked to the carbohydrate
core through α(1-6) linkage.

Conclusion:
These results lead to the conclusion that galactomannan presents the desirable physicochemical
characteristics suitable for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.