bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical analysis of hydromagnetic Brownian and thermophoresis effects of squeezing Eyring–Powell nanofluid flow with variable thermal conductivity and chemical reaction
Authors: Ogunseye Hammed Abiodun , Salawu Sulyman Olakunle , Tijani Yusuf Olatunji , Riliwan Mustapha , Sibanda Precious 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamical behavior of heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through parallel horizontal sheet with heat-dependent thermal conductivity and magnetic field. The effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on the Eyring‒Powell nanofluid heat and concentration are also considered. The flow fluid is propelled by squeezing force and constant pressure gradient. The hydromagnetic fluid is induced by periodic time variations.

Design/methodology/approach
The dimensionless momentum, energy and species balance equations are solved by the spectral local linearization method that is employed to numerically integrate the coupled non-linear diﬀerential equations.

Findings
The response of the fluid flow, temperature and concentration to variational increase in the values of the parameters is graphically presented and discussed accordingly.

Originality/value
The validity of the method used was checked by comparing it with previous related article.
Static buckling and vibration analysis of continuously graded ceramic-metal beams using a refined higher order shear deformation theory
Authors: Bekhadda Ahmed , Bensaid Ismail , Cheikh Abdelmadjid , Kerboua Bachir 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the static buckling and free vibration of continuously graded ceramic-metal beams by employing a refined higher-order shear deformation, which is also the primary goal of this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model is able to catch both the microstructural and shear deformation impacts without employing any shear correction factors, due to the realistic distribution of transverse shear stresses. The material properties are supposed to vary across the thickness direction in a graded form and are estimated by a power-law model. The equations of motion and related boundary conditions are extracted using Hamilton’s principle and then resolved by analytical solutions for calculating the critical buckling loads and natural frequencies.

Findings
The obtained results are checked and compared with those of other theories that exist in the literature. At last, a parametric study is provided to exhibit the influence of different parameters such as the power-law index, beam geometrical parameters, modulus ratio and axial load on the dynamic and buckling characteristics of FG beams.

Originality/value
Searching in the literature and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are limited works that consider the coupled effect between the vibration and the axial load of FG beams based on new four-variable refined beam theory. In comparison with a beam model, the number of unknown variables resulting is only four in the general cases, as against five in the case of other shear deformation theories. The actual model represents a real distribution of transverse shear effects besides a parabolic arrangement of the transverse shear strains over the thickness of the beam, so it is needless to use of any shear correction factors.
A comparative examination of dietary sodium content in bread and its public consumption pattern in Muscat, Oman
Authors: AbuKhader Majed , Abdelraziq Rawan , Al-Azawi Maryam , Ali Salma Khamis 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine and assess the sodium content in various pre-packed bread products marketed in three cities, Muscat, Morgantown (West Virginia) and Stockholm, and in combination with spread products. It also aims to investigate the pattern of public consumption of bread in Muscat.

Design/methodology/approach
A random cross-sectional investigation was followed. This study used the nutrition panel of selected bread and spread products to record sodium content and a close-ended questionnaire.

Findings
The mean sodium content in 100 g of bread marketed in Muscat was significantly lower than that in Morgantown (p < 0.001) and Stockholm (p < 0.022). The intake of 100 g of any bread type with 40 g of cheese spread will offer more than 20 per cent of the recommended daily intake of sodium, which poses a health risk upon frequent consumption. Results from the survey conducted in Muscat showed that most of the people consume bread in breakfast and the average amount of bread consumed per day was reported to be 100 g. Only 74.9 per cent of the participants knew that salt is added in the making of bread.

Originality/value
This research is of a value to food policymakers in relation to the use of salt (sodium) in bread. Sodium content in bread products varied significantly in the selected markets. Daily consumption of bread with cheese spreads should be either reduced or avoided by children because of high sodium content. Average intake of 100 g bread per day by participants in the survey is an indicator of a reduced exposure to sodium.
Corbynism: Social Democracy in a New Left Garb
Authors: Bassett Lewis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article traces some of the rhetoric flowing from Jeremy Corbyn’s leadership of the Labour Party to the New Left, a political and intellectual movement in the UK which rose up to challenge the Stalinisation of socialism. These New Left lineages appear most clearly in the value denoted by both movements toward extra‐parliamentary politics. Indeed, the work of the New Left intellectual Ralph Miliband considers this factor to be a criterion by which we can assess the extent to which Corbyn’s party has surpassed the traditional ‘Labourist’ mould. By going beyond the movement’s early rhetoric, I show that it hasn’t. Instead, I present evidence that Corbyn’s Labour is a deeply social democratic one. The article offers an explanation for this assessment based on comparison of the contexts from which both the New Left and Corbynism emerged, and outlines an analytical path for future scholarship that emphasises continuity as well as change, and wards against ideological bias.
Social origin, field of study and graduates’ career progression: does social inequality vary across fields?
Authors: Jacob Marita , Klein Markus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch on stratification and mobility has consistently shown that in the UK there is a direct impact of social origin on occupational destination net of educational attainment even for degree‐holders. However, only a few studies applied a longitudinal and dynamic perspective on how intergenerational mobility shapes graduates’ working careers. Using multilevel growth curve modelling and data from the 1970 British cohort study (BCS70), we contribute to this research by looking at the emergence of social inequalities during the first ten years since labour market entry. We further distinguish between graduates of different fields of study as we expect social disparities to develop differently due to differences in initial occupational placement and upward mobility processes. We find that parental class does not affect occupational prestige over and above prior achievement. Separate analyses by the field of study show that initial differences in occupational prestige and career progression do not differ between graduates from different classes of origin in STEM fields, and arts and humanities. It is only in the social sciences that working‐class graduates start with lower occupational prestige but soon catch up with their peers from higher classes. Overall, our results indicate no direct effect of social origin on occupational attainment for degree‐holders once we broaden our focus to a dynamic life course perspective.
The effectiveness and safety of introducing condom‐catheter uterine balloon tamponade for postpartum haemorrhage at secondary level hospitals in Uganda, Egypt and Senegal: a stepped wedge, cluster‐randomised trial
Authors: Anger HA , Dabash R , Durocher J , Hassanein N , Ononge S , Frye LJ , Diop A , Beye SB , Burkhardt G , Darwish E , Ramadan MC , Kayaga J , Charles D , Gaye A , Eckardt M , Winikoff B 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of introducing condom‐catheter uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) management in low‐ and middle‐income settings.DesignStepped wedge, cluster‐randomised trial.SettingEighteen secondary‐level hospitals in Uganda, Egypt and Senegal.PopulationWomen with vaginal delivery from October 2016 to March 2018.MethodsUse of condom‐catheter UBT for PPH management was introduced using a half‐day training and provision of pre‐packaged UBT kits. Hospitals were randomised to when UBT was introduced. The incident rate (IR) of study outcomes was compared in the control (i.e. before UBT) and intervention (i.e. after UBT) periods. Mixed effects regression models accounted for clustering (random effect) and time period (fixed effect).Main outcome measuresCombined IR of PPH‐related invasive surgery and/or maternal death.ResultsThere were 28 183 and 31 928 deliveries in the control and intervention periods, respectively. UBT was used for 9/1357 and 55/1037 women diagnosed with PPH in control and intervention periods, respectively. PPH‐related surgery or maternal death occurred in 19 women in the control period (IR = 6.7/10 000 deliveries) and 37 in the intervention period (IR = 11.6/10 000 deliveries). The adjusted IR ratio was 4.08 (95% confidence interval 1.07–15.58). Secondary outcomes, including rates of transfer and blood transfusion, were similar in the trial periods.ConclusionsIntroduction of condom‐catheter UBT in these settings did not improve maternal outcomes and was associated with an increase in the combined incidence of PPH‐related surgery and maternal death. The lack of demonstrated benefit of UBT introduction with respect to severe outcomes warrants reflection on its role.Tweetable abstractStepped wedge trial shows UBT introduction does not reduce the combined incidence of PPH‐related surgery or death.
The microbiota in spider mite feces potentially reflects intestinal bacterial communities in the host
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Xi , Song Zhang‐Rong , Song Yue‐Ling , Zhao Dian‐Shu , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicroorganisms provide many physiological functions to herbivorous hosts. Spider mites (genus Tetranychus) are important agricultural pests throughout the world; however, the composition of the spider mite microbial community, especially gut microbiome, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the bacterial community in five spider mite species and their associated feces by deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The composition of the bacterial community was significantly different among the five prevalent spider mite species, and some bacterial symbionts showed host‐species specificity. Moreover, the abundance of the bacterial community in spider mite feces was significantly higher than that in the corresponding spider mite samples. However, Flavobacterium was detected in all samples, and represent a “core microbiome”. Remarkably, the maternally inherited endosymbiont Wolbachia was detected in both spider mite and feces. Overall, these results offer insight into the complex community of symbionts in spider mites, and give a new direction for future studies.
Management and Limnology Interact to Drive Water Temperature Patterns in a Middle Rockies River‐Reservoir System
Authors: McLaren John S. , Royer Todd V. , Van Kirk Robert W. , Muradian Melissa L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study seeks to improve understanding of temperature patterns in reservoir outflows. We examined water temperatures in an irrigation storage reservoir, Island Park Reservoir, and its outflow, Henry’s Fork of the Snake River in eastern Idaho. Our objectives were to (1) quantify the extent to which daily temperature ranges in the reservoir outflow deviated from other reaches of the Henry’s Fork, and (2) test whether the reservoir’s net volume change during the summer — expressed as the volume of water remaining in the reservoir on September 1 — predicted mean summer temperature in the outflow. Two years of temperature data showed dampened diel temperature cycles in the reservoir outflow. Model selection with 17 years of climatic, hydrologic, and reservoir management variables found mean summer temperature in the outflow was best predicted by September 1 reservoir volume and average summer air temperature. Two years of weekly reservoir thermal profiles indicated large changes in reservoir volume eliminated cool hypolimnetic water and encouraged mixing, allowing warm epilimnetic water to be discharged into the outflow. Increases in future drought frequency and severity and increases in summer air temperatures could increase the frequency of occurrence of high mean summertime water temperatures in the outflow. Our study provides important information for local managers by quantifying influences on outflow temperatures and the downstream river ecosystem.
Agriculture–nutrition linkages in farmers’ communication networks
Authors: Jäckering Lisa , Gödecke Theda , Wollni Meike 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo date, little is known about how information flows within farmer groups and how extension interventions could be designed to deliver combined information on agriculture and nutrition. This study uses unique network data from 815 farm households in Kenya to investigate the structure and characteristics of agricultural and nutrition information networks within farmer groups. Dyadic regressions are used to analyze the factors influencing link formation for the exchange of agricultural and nutrition information. In addition, we apply fixed‐effects models to identify the characteristics of central persons driving information exchange in the two networks, as well as potentially isolated persons, who are excluded from information networks within their farmer groups. Our results show that nutrition information is exchanged within farmer groups, although to a limited extent, and mostly flows through the existing agricultural information links. Thus, diffusing nutrition information through agricultural extension systems may be a viable approach. Our findings further suggest that group leaders and persons living in central locations are important drivers in the diffusion of information in both networks and may thus serve as suitable entry points for nutrition‐sensitive extension programs. However, we also identify important heterogeneities in network characteristics. In particular, nutrition information is less often exchanged between men and women, and some group members are completely isolated from nutrition information exchange within their farmer groups. We derive recommendations on taking these differences in network structure and characteristics into account when designing nutrition‐sensitive extension programs.
Organizational environmental orientation and employee environmental in‐role behaviors: A cross‐level study
Authors: Salvador Rommel O. , Burciaga Alex 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmid the growth of scholarly research on environmental workplace behaviors, two limitations stand out. First, there has been scant research on the cross‐level effects of organizational‐level determinants on individual employee environmental behaviors using a methodologically appropriate multilevel analytic approach. Second, there has been an overwhelming focus on voluntary, as opposed to task‐related, employee environmentally friendly behaviors. In addressing these limitations, this field study (N = 615 U.S.‐based employees nested in 51 organizations) makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature, specifically by linking the dimensions of organizational‐level environmental orientation with individual‐level employee environmental in‐role (i.e., task‐related) behaviors using multilevel analysis. The results indicate that organizational internal environmental orientation is positively related to employee recycling behavior. Managerial status exerts a moderating effect, such that the positive relationship between internal environmental orientation and energy‐saving behavior is stronger among managers than among non‐managers. Furthermore, an organization's external environmental orientation has an unequivocal positive relationship only with employee energy‐saving behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
In vitro determination of the efficacy of illicit synthetic cannabinoids at CB1receptors
Authors: Sachdev Shivani , Vemuri Kiran , Banister Samuel D. , Longworth Mitchell , Kassiou Michael , Santiago Marina , Makriyannis Alexandros , Connor Mark 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeThe morbidity and mortality associated with recreational use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) may reflect strong activation of CB1receptors and is a major health concern. The properties of SCRA at CB1receptors are not well defined. Here we have developed an assay to determine acute CB1receptor efficacy using receptor depletion with the irreversible CB1receptor antagonist AM6544, with application of the Black and Leff operational model to calculate efficacy.Experimental ApproachReceptor depletion in mouse AtT‐20 pituitary adenoma cells stably expressing human CB1receptors was achieved by pretreatment of cells with AM6544 (10 μM, 60 min). The CB1receptor‐mediated hyperpolarisation of AtT‐20 cells was measured using fluorescence‐based membrane potential dye. From data fit to the operational model, the efficacy (τ) and affinity (KA) parameters were obtained for each drug.Key ResultsAM6544 did not affect the potency or maximal effect of native somatostatin receptor‐induced hyperpolarization. Theτvalue of ∆9‐THC was 80‐fold less than the reference CB receptor agonist CP55940 and 260‐fold less than the highest efficacy SCRA, 5F‐MDMB‐PICA. The operational efficacy of SCRAs ranged from 233 (5F‐MDMB‐PICA) to 28 (AB‐PINACA), with CP55940 in the middle of the efficacy rank order. There was no correlation between theτandKAvalues.Conclusions and ImplicationsAll SCRAs tested showed substantially higher efficacy at CB1receptors than ∆9‐THC, which may contribute to the adverse effects seen with these drugs but not ∆9‐THC.
Intravitreal dexamethasone implants for non‐infectious uveitis
Authors: McCartney Matthew , McCluskey Peter , Zagora Sophia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImportanceInflammatory‐mediated cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is the most common inflammatory‐mediated threat to vision in non‐infectious uveitis (NIU). Corticosteroid therapy is the cornerstone to the management of CMO in NIU. Sustained‐release dexamethasone (DEX) implant devices provide localized therapy.BackgroundThe authors present a series documenting the efficacy of DEX implants for NIU in an Australian cohort.DesignA single centre, retrospective case series patients receiving DEX implants for NIU from 2012 to 2018 in a New South Wales tertiary eye hospital.ParticipantsTwenty eyes of 17 patients receiving DEX implants for confirmed cases of NIU of varying aetiologies.MethodsCases from March 2012 and March 2018 were retrospectively selected with follow‐up assessment data recorded and analysed. All patients were seen at 1, 2 and 4 weeks post implant, then monthly. Minimum duration of follow‐up was 32 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was change in central retinal thickness (CRT) of >20% at two consecutive visits. Secondary outcomes included change in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure and medication regimens.ResultsNinety‐five percent of patients achieved significant CRT reduction at 4, 8 and 16 weeks (P < .01). Sixty‐one percent demonstrated improved BCVA at week 8 (P < .05). Ninety percent of patients taking systemic corticosteroid therapy at commencement reduced their dose to below 7.5 mg/day. Adverse event frequency was low.Conclusions and RelevanceIn keeping with larger studies, the authors suggest that DEX implants may effectively control uveitis refractory to other therapy, while improving BCVA and CRT. In addition, DEX usage has demonstrably reduced systemic steroid burden within the observed cohort.
Meckel syndrome: Clinical and mutation profile in six fetuses
Authors: Radhakrishnan Periyasamy , Nayak Shalini S. , Shukla Anju , Lindstrand Anna , Girisha Katta M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMeckel syndrome (MKS) is a perinatally lethal, genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive condition caused by defective primary cilium formation leading to polydactyly, multiple cysts in kidneys and malformations of nervous system. We performed exome sequencing in six fetuses from six unrelated families with MKS. We identified seven novel variants in B9D2, TNXDC15, CC2D2A, CEP290 and TMEM67. We describe the second family with MKS due to a homozygous variant in B9D2 and fifth family with bi‐allelic variant in TXNDC15. Our data validates the causation of MKS by pathogenic variation in B9D2 and TXNDC15 and also adds novel variants in CC2D2A, CEP290 and TMEM67 to the literature.
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning attenuates brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating microglia polarization in rats
Authors: Wang Ming , Cheng Lin , Chen Zhong‐Liang , Mungur Rajneesh , Xu Shan‐Hu , Wu Jiong , Liu Xiao‐Li , Wan Shu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsHyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBOP) attenuates brain edema, microglia activation, and inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this present study, we investigated the role of HBOP in ICH‐induced microglia polarization and the potential involved signal pathway.MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, ICH, and ICH + HBOP group. Before surgery, rats in SHAM and HBOP groups received HBO for 5 days. Rats in SHAM group received needle injection, while rats in ICH and ICH + HBOP groups received 100 μL autologous blood injection into the right basal ganglia. Rats were euthanized at 24 hours after ICH, and the brains were removed for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Neurological deficits and brain water content were determined.ResultsIntracerebral hemorrhage induced brain edema, which was significantly lower in the HBOP group. The levels of MMP9 were also less in the HBOP group. HBO pretreatment resulted in less neuronal death and neurological deficits after ICH. Their immunoactivity and protein levels of M1 markers were downregulated, but the M2 markers were unchanged by HBOP. In addition, ICH‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) levels and the phosphorylation of JNK and STAT1 were also lower in the HBOP rats.ConclusionsHBO pretreatment attenuated ICH‐induced brain injuries and MMP9 upregulation, which may through the inhibiting of M1 polarization of microglia and inflammatory signal pathways after ICH.
Spatial memory shapes migration and its benefits: evidence from a large herbivore
Authors: Merkle Jerod A. , Sawyer Hall , Monteith Kevin L. , Dwinnell Samantha P. H. , Fralick Gary L. , Kauffman Matthew J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFrom fine‐scale foraging to broad‐scale migration, animal movement is shaped by the distribution of resources. There is mounting evidence, however, that learning and memory also guide movement. Although migratory mammals commonly track resource waves, how resource tracking and memory guide long‐distance migration has not been reconciled. We examined these hypotheses using movement data from four populations of migratory mule deer (n = 91). Spatial memory had an extraordinary influence on migration, affecting movement 2–28 times more strongly than tracking spring green‐up or autumn snow depth. Importantly, with only an ability to track resources, simulated deer were unable to recreate empirical migratory routes. In contrast, simulated deer with memory of empirical routes used those routes and obtained higher foraging benefits. For migratory terrestrial mammals, spatial memory provides knowledge of where seasonal ranges and migratory routes exist, whereas resource tracking determines when to beneficially move within those areas.