bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Efficient Optical Gain in High‐Mobility Organic Semiconductors for Multifunctional Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Ma Suqian , Zhou Ke , Hu Mengxiao , Li Qingyuan , Liu Yingjie , Zhang Hantang , Jing Jiangbo , Dong Huanli , Xu Bin , Hu Wenping , Tian Wenjing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSimultaneously integrating efficient optical gain and high charge carrier mobility in organic semiconductors for multifunctional optoelectronic applications is challenging. Here, a new thiophene/phenylene derivative, 5,5′‐bis(2,2‐diphenylvinyl)‐bithiophene (BDPV2T), containing an appropriate butterfly molecular configuration in a π‐conjugated structure, is designed to achieve both solid‐state emission and charge transport properties. The prepared BDPV2T crystals exhibit excellent light‐emitting characteristics with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 30%, low light‐amplification threshold of 8 kW cm−2, high optical net gain up to 70 cm−1, and high charge carrier mobility up to 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 in their J‐aggregate single crystals. These BDPV2T single crystal characteristics ensure their application potential for photodetectors, field‐effect transistors, and light‐emitting transistors. High optoelectronic performances are achieved with photoresponsivity of 2.0 × 103 A W−1 and light on/off ratio of 5.4 × 105 in photodetectors, and efficient ambipolar charge transport (µh: 0.14 cm2 V−1 s−1, µe: 0.02 cm2 V−1 s−1) and electroluminescence characteristics in light‐emitting transistors. The remarkably integrated optoelectronic properties of BDPV2T suggest it is a promising candidate for organic multifunctional and electrically pumped laser applications.
Toward Biomaterials for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Fan Qin , Chen Zhipeng , Wang Chao , Liu Zhuang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite the remarkable progress in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for cancer treatment, low objective response and immune‐related side effects (immune‐related adverse events, irAEs) limit the further development of ICBs. To address these challenges and enhance the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy, the emerging interest has focused on manipulating biomaterials to form innovational drug delivery systems that are necessary to effectively deliver immune checkpoint inhibitors. Such biomaterial‐based strategies can improve accumulation, control release, and enhance retention of checkpoint inhibitors within target locations while simultaneously reducing drug exposure for off‐target tissues, thereby optimizing both the efficacy and safety. In addition, with the assistance of biomaterials, combinations of ICB and conventional treatment strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy are designed to further enhance the response rate of ICB. This review focuses on the latest reports on engineering biomaterials to improve the antitumor efficiency of ICB, with stress on antibody‐, gene‐, and trap protein–based immune checkpoint blockade strategies and their combinations with conventional therapies. Challenges and future trends in engineering biomaterials to modulate immune checkpoint therapy are discussed.
Fabrication of Copper Window Electrodes with ≈108 Apertures cm−2 for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Pereira H. Jessica , Reed Joseph , Lee Jaemin , Varagnolo Silvia , Dabera G. DineshaM. R. , Hatton Ross A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA powerful approach to increasing the far‐field transparency of copper film window electrodes which simultaneously reduces intraband absorption losses for wavelengths <550 nm and suppresses reflective losses for wavelengths >550 nm is reported. The approach is based on incorporation of a random array of ≈100 million circular apertures per cm2 into an optically thin copper film, with a mean aperture diameter of ≈500 nm. A method for the fabrication of these electrodes is described that exploits a binary polymer blend mask that self‐organizes at room temperature from a single solution, and so is simple to implement. Additionally all of the materials used in electrode fabrication are low cost, low toxicity, and widely available. It is shown that these nanostructured copper electrodes offer an average far‐field transparency of ≥80% and sheet resistance of ≤10 Ω sq−1 when used in conjunction with a conventional solution processed ZnO electron transport layer and their utility in inverted organic photovoltaic devices is demonstrated.
3D Nanoprinted Plastic Kinoform X‐Ray Optics
Authors: Sanli Umut T. , Ceylan Hakan , Bykova Iuliia , Weigand Markus , Sitti Metin , Schütz Gisela , Keskinbora Kahraman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance focusing of X‐rays requires the realization of very challenging 3D geometries with nanoscale features, sub‐millimeter‐scale apertures, and high aspect ratios. A particularly difficult structure is the profile of an ideal zone plate called a kinoform, which is manufactured in nonideal approximated patterns, nonetheless requires complicated multistep fabrication processes. Here, 3D fabrication of high‐performance kinoforms with unprecedented aspect ratios out of low‐loss plastics using femtosecond two‐photon 3D nanoprinting is presented. A thorough characterization of the 3D‐printed kinoforms using direct soft X‐ray imaging and ptychography demonstrates superior performance with an efficiency reaching up to 20%. An extended concept is proposed for on‐chip integration of various X‐ray optics toward high‐fidelity control of X‐ray wavefronts and ultimate efficiencies even for harder X‐rays. Initial results establish new, advanced focusing optics for both synchrotron and laboratory sources for a large variety of X‐ray techniques and applications ranging from materials science to medicine.
Spatial and Frequency Selective Plasmonic Metasurface for Long Wavelength Infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Pan Xiaohang , Xu Hao , Gao Yanqing , Zhang Yafeng , Sun Liaoxin , Li Dan , Wen Zhengji , Li Shimin , Yu Weiwei , Huang Zhiming , Wang Jianlu , Zhang Bo , Sun Yan , Sun Jinglan , Meng Xiangjian , Chen Xin , Dagens Béatrice , Hao Jiaming , Shen Yue , Dai Ning , Chu Junhao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of novel approaches that control absorption and emission operating in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral region is of fundamental importance for many applications, such as remote temperature sensing, thermal imaging, radiation cooling, environmental monitoring, and night vision. A high performance plasmonic metasurface–based absorber for the LWIR spectral region is presented. In the design, a pyroelectric thin film, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) copolymer, is introduced as spacer, that offers the device not only multiple selective high absorption bands but also promising potential for application in optoelectronics. The angle‐resolved optical responses show that the absorption effect is sensitive to the incident angles and can be controlled by the periodicity, indicating that the design can function as optical devices with directional and frequency‐selective absorption/emission characteristics. By employing near‐field optical microscopy, both the near‐field amplitude and phase optical responses of the absorber are investigated at resonant wavelength, thereby providing direct experimental evidence to verify the nature of the absorption effect. To further demonstrate the versatility of the design, a particular metasurface patterned by the building blocks of the absorber is fabricated. 2D hyperspectral images show that such a patterned structure exhibits both frequency and spatially selective absorption.
Uniformly Oriented Zeolite ZSM‐5 Membranes with Tunable Wettability on a Porous Ceramic
Authors: Fu Donglong , Schmidt Joel E. , Pletcher Paul , Karakiliç Pelin , Ye Xinwei , Vis Carolien M. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Filez Matthias , Mandemaker Laurens D. B. , Winnubst Louis , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFacile fabrication of well‐intergrown, oriented zeolite membranes with tunable chemical properties on commercially proven substrates is crucial to broadening their applications for separation and catalysis. Rationally determined electrostatic adsorption can enable the direct attachment of a b‐oriented silicalite‐1 monolayer on a commercial porous ceramic substrate. Homoepitaxially oriented, well‐intergrown zeolite ZSM‐5 membranes with a tunable composition of Si/Al=25–∞ were obtained by secondary growth of the monolayer. Intercrystallite defects can be eliminated by using Na+ as the mineralizer to promote lateral crystal growth and suppress surface nucleation in the direction of the straight channels, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy measurements. Water permeation testing shows tunable wettability from hydrophobic to highly hydrophilic, giving the potential for a wide range of applications.
Guest‐Induced Structural Transformations in a Porous Halogen‐Bonded Framework
Authors: Nikolayenko Varvara I. , Castell Dominic C. , van Heerden Dewald P. , Barbour Leonard J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStructural evidence obtained from in situ X‐ray diffraction shows that halogen bonding is responsible for the formation of a dynamic porous molecular solid. This material is surprisingly robust and undergoes reversible switching of its pore volume by activation or by exposure to a series of gases of different sizes and shapes. Volumetric gas sorption and pressure‐gradient differential scanning calorimetry (P‐DSC) data provide further mechanistic insight into the breathing behavior.
Manipulation of Molecular Aggregation States to Realize Polymorphism, AIE, MCL, and TADF in a Single Molecule
Authors: Huang Bin , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Li Zijing , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhao Weijun , Feng Yan , Tang Ben Zhong , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultifunctional emitting materials are scarce and need to be further explored. Now, a newly anthraquinone derivative, 2‐(phenothiazine‐10‐yl)‐anthraquinone (PTZ‐AQ) was designed and synthesized and found to demonstrate polymorphism, multi‐color emission, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), mechanochromic luminescence (MCL), and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in its different solid forms. It is shown for the first time that TADF properties of a compound can be systematically tuned via its aggregation state. The optimized PTZ‐AQ crystal shows a small singlet–triplet energy splitting of 0.01 eV and exhibits red TADF with a photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 0.848. This study shows that the unique multiple functions can be integrated into one single compound through controlling the aggregation states, which provides a new strategy for the investigation and application of multifunctional organic materials.
Room‐Temperature Functionalization of N2 to Borylamine at a Molybdenum Complex
Authors: Espada Maria F. , Bennaamane Soukaina , Liao Qian , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Massou Stéphane , Clot Eric , Nebra Noel , Fustier‐Boutignon Marie , Mézailles Nicolas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntermolecular, stepwise functionalization by BH bonds of a (triphosphine)MoIV–nitrido complex generated by N2 splitting is reported. The imido–hydride and di‐hydride–amido MoIV complexes have been isolated and characterized. Addition of PinBH to the [Mo(H)2(N(BPin)2)]+ complex at room temperature results in the liberation of borylamines from the metal center.
Optimizing mechanical and morphological properties of biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer based on epoxidized natural rubber and poly(butylene succinate) blends
Authors: Faibunchan Parisa , Nakaramontri Yeampon , Pichaiyut Skulrat , Chueangchayaphan Wannarat , Wisunthorn Suwaluk , Kummerlöwe Claudia , Vennemann Norbert , Nakason Charoen 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBiodegradable thermoplastic elastomer (BTPE) blends of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared by the melt mixing process. Influences of the processing parameters mixing temperature, rotor speed, and mixing time on mechanical and morphological properties of BTPE were investigated. Taguchi method was applied to improve the mechanical and morphological properties by optimizing the processing parameters. That is, the experimental design adopted the L9 Taguchi orthogonal array with three manipulated factors (i.e., mixing temperature, rotor speed, and mixing time). Analysis of mean and analysis of variance were also exploited and the mixing temperature was found to be the most significant processing parameter regarding mechanical properties. The mixing temperature showed large contributions to Young's modulus, 100% modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break, namely 45.33, 40.38, 49.31, and 36.04%, respectively. Furthermore, the optimum conditions found for mixing temperature, rotor speed, and mixing time were 140 °C, 100 rpm and 10 min, respectively. The result was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy micrographs showing fine‐grained co‐continuous phase morphology of the ENR/PBS blends. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46541.
Significance of Collateral Circulation in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Iskandrian Abdulmassih S. , Tendler Steve , Mintz Gary S. , Bemis Charles E. , Kimbiris Demetrios , Segal Bernard L. 
Published: July 2018

Fifty patients with left main coronary artery disease were studied to evaluate the functional role of collateral circulation. The left main was narrowed 50–70% in 22 patients (group I), and more than 70% in 28 patients (group II). Significant disease in the other vessels was equally common in each group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of inter‐ and intracoronary collaterals in the two groups. Fifteen patients with no collaterals were compared with 35 patients with collaterals, and to a subset of 11 patients with very rich right‐to‐left collaterals, and there was no significant difference in historic or ECG evidence of old infarction, duration of angina, incidence of unstable angina, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, cardiac index, ejection fraction, or segmental contraction abnormalities.We conclude that there is no evidence of protective effect of collateral vessels in patients with left main disease.
Pseudo Subaortic Stenosis — A Catheter‐Induced Artifact
Authors: Danahy Daniel T. 
Published: July 2018

Three cases are reported of valvular aortic stenosis in which artifactual subvalvular chambers were recorded on pressure tracings. The pressure tracings were obtained during withdrawal of multiholed catheters from the left ventricle to the aortic root.Several recent reports have described the coexistence of valvular and subvalvular aortic stenosis. The cases reported here re‐emphasize that a multiholed catheter, which is the type commonly used for retrograde left ventricular entry in a patient with valvular aortic stenosis, is unsatisfactory for the detection of coexisting subvalvular obstruction.
Experimental Study on Catalytic Biomass Gasification in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed
Authors: Cao Zhenheng , Chen Jun , Wang Caiqin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA bubbling fluidized‐bed gasification system was selected for catalytic steam gasification of rice straw with four Ni‐based catalysts, i.e., Ni/Al2O3, Ni/CeO2, Ni/MnO2, and Ni/MgO. The effect of temperature, steam/biomass ratio (S/B), and catalyst/biomass ratio (C/B) on the gas composition, char conversion, and hydrogen yield was evaluated. It was found that higher temperature and S/B promote hydrogen production and char conversion. The results also demonstrated that the catalytic activity of Ni/Al2O3 under different S/B values is better than those of the other catalysts. Regarding the catalyst activity, all four catalysts exhibited good performance in terms of tar removal and carbon conversion. However, the performance of Ni/Al2O3 was superior to that of the other three catalysts.
Trimethylsilylnitrene and Its Surprising Rearrangement to N‐(Dimethylsilyl)methanimine via Silaziridine and Silaazomethine Ylide
Authors: Wentrup Curt , Lüerssen Holger , Silva Hugo Santos , Dargelos Alain , Bégué Didier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhotolysis of trimethylsilyl azide at 254 nm in Ar matrix at 15 K generates the triplet ground state trimethylsilylnitrene 2 aT, observed by ESR spectroscopy (|D/hc|=1.540 cm−1; |E/hc|=0.0002 cm−1). Calculations at the CASPT2(14,13) level reveal the open‐shell singlet nitrene 2 aS(1A“) is a discrete intermediate lying ≈38 kcal mol−1 above the triplet. The normally expected rearrangement of the nitrene 2 aS to dimethylsilanimine 3 a has a high calculated barrier (33 kcal mol−1), which explains why this product has never been observed. Instead, the singlet nitrene 2 aS inserts into a methyl C−H bond to yield silaziridine 12 via an activation barrier of only 6 kcal mol−1. Ring opening of 12 generates a 1‐silaazomethine ylide 13, in which a facile 1,2‐H shift yields N‐(dimethylsilyl)methanimine 5, all with barriers well below the energy of the singlet nitrene.
Heterogeneous Parahydrogen Pairwise Addition to Cyclopropane
Authors: Salnikov Oleg G. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Nikolaou Panayiotis , Kovtunova Larisa M. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Koptyug Igor V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHyperpolarized gases revolutionize functional pulmonary imaging. Hyperpolarized propane is a promising emerging contrast agent for pulmonary MRI. Unlike hyperpolarized noble gases, proton‐hyperpolarized propane gas can be imaged using conventional MRI scanners with proton imaging capability. Moreover, it is non‐toxic odorless anesthetic. Furthermore, propane hyperpolarization can be accomplished by pairwise addition of parahydrogen to propylene. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of propane hyperpolarization via hydrogenation of cyclopropane with parahydrogen. 1H propane polarization up to 2.4 % is demonstrated here using 82 % parahydrogen enrichment and heterogeneous Rh/TiO2 hydrogenation catalyst. This level of polarization is several times greater than that obtained with propylene as a precursor under the same conditions despite the fact that direct pairwise addition of parahydrogen to cyclopropane may also lead to formation of propane with NMR‐invisible hyperpolarization due to magnetic equivalence of nascent parahydrogen protons in two CH3 groups. NMR‐visible hyperpolarized propane demonstrated here can be formed only via a reaction pathway involving cleavage of at least one C–H bond in the reactant molecule. The resulting NMR signal enhancement of hyperpolarized propane was sufficient for 2D gradient echo MRI of ∼5.5 mL phantom with 1×1 mm2 spatial resolution and 64×64 imaging matrix despite relatively low chemical conversion of cyclopropane substrate.
Photofading of an Extended BOPHY Chromophore Dispersed in Poly(methyl methacrylate) as a Chemical Actinometer
Authors: Woodford Owen J. , Ziessel Raymond , Harriman Anthony 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe target compound is a member of the symmetric pyrrole‐BF2 family, known as BOPHY, which has been equipped with 3,8‐styryl groups that push the absorption maximum to lower energy. To assist solubility and facile dispersion in plastic films, poly(ethylene glycol) chains are added to the styryl groups. The photophysical properties are somewhat sensitive to changes in solvent polarity and temperature due to the imposition of weak, intramolecular charge‐transfer character. The chromophore bleaches under white‐light illumination to form an intermediate species that absorbs and emits at higher energy. This species is believed to be a BOPHY unit with one styryl arm removed from the conjugation path. The intermediate is quite resistant to photobleaching but does fade on prolonged illumination. The kinetics associated with photobleaching in poly(methyl methacrylate) films allow development of a simple model that can be used to establish a robust chemical actinometer for recording exposure to sunlight. Similar photofading behaviour is observed in polar solution, where self‐catalysis is observed, with the overall kinetics depending on the nature of the solvent.
Sacubitril–valsartan in heart failure and multimorbidity patients
Authors: Rodil Fraile Raquel , Malafarina Vincenzo , Tiberio López Gregorio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsThe poor control of symptoms in patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection function (HFrEF) can limit the functionality of patients. Sacubitril–valsartan, compared with enalapril, has been shown to reduce mortality and hospitalization, and nowadays, there is still little evidence about the improvement on functionality. The aim of our study is to analyse the improvement of the functional class and the 6 min walking test (6MWT) in patients with multiple pathologies and advanced heart failure.Methods and resultsFrom September 2016 to March 2018, 65 multimorbidity patients with severe symptomatic HFrEF were initiated to receive sacubitril–valsartan. Mean age was 78.6 ± 7.4 years, and 68% were male. The Charlson co‐morbidity index was 8 points. Seventy‐four per cent had New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class IV. After the treatment, patients were able to achieve 55.68 m or more on 6MWT, and 91% presented an improvement in the NYHA functional class.ConclusionsSacubitril–valsartan relieves symptoms and improves functional class prognostic risk of patients with advanced HFrEF and co‐morbidity.
Effectively controlled microfluidic trap for spatiotemporal analysis of the electrotaxis of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yoon Sunhee , Yeo Mingu , Kim Hoon , Jeon Tae‐Joon , Kim Sun Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractC. elegans is a popular model organism with a well‐developed neural network. Approximately 60% of the genes in C. elegans have genomic counterparts in humans, including those involved in building neural circuits. Therefore, we can extend the study of human neural network mechanisms to C. elegans which is easy to genetically manipulate. C. elegans shows behavioural responses to various external physical and chemical stimuli. Electrotaxis is one of its distinct behavioural responses, which is defined as movement towards the cathode in an electric field. In this study, we developed an effective microfluidic trap system for analysing electrotaxis in C. elegans. In addition, two mutant strains (unc‐54(s74) and unc‐6(e78)) from wild‐type (N2) worms were screened using the system. Wild‐type (N2) worms and the two mutant strains clearly showed different behavioural responses to the applied electric field, thus enabling the effective screening of the mutant worms from the wild type (N2). This microfluidic system can be utilized as a platform for the study of behavioural responses, and for the sorting and mutant screening of C. elegans.
The Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in a bariatric surgery‐seeking sample: Factor structure, convergent validity, and associations with BMI
Authors: Zickgraf Hana F. , Rigby Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to validate the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ), a measure of food approach and avoidant traits, for use in bariatric surgery candidates. Participants were 337 bariatric surgery candidates in the Mid‐Atlantic United States. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that one item did not load onto its original factor. A 34‐item, eight‐factor model had better fit than a seven‐factor model; dropping the Hunger factor, as previously suggested, did not improve fit. The factors had good internal consistency and showed convergent/divergent validity with an existing measure of food approach traits. The emotional overeating scale was positively correlated with BMI at programme entry, whereas the slow eating scale was negatively correlated with baseline weight. The AEBQ scales had the same pattern of intercorrelations and similar means to those of two previously published samples. The AEBQ is a valid measure of appetitive traits in bariatric candidates.