bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a non-diagnostic ‘Psychology of Emotions’ group intervention within a UK youth IAPT service: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Howells Lawrence , Rose Alice , Gee Brioney , Clarke Tim , Carroll Ben , Harbrow Sam , Oliver Clio , Wilson Jon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:A novel CBT-based intervention, tailored for young people, was developed in response to concerns about traditional diagnostically based approaches. Psychology of Emotions workshops use a normative approach to emotional difficulty instead of a diagnostic framework.Aims:To evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of Psychology of Emotions workshops within an IAPT service for young people aged 16–25 years.Method:This was a mixed-methods study, evaluating routinely collected self-report measures of depression and anxiety, and qualitative feedback forms. The main outcomes were rates of attendance, change in symptom severity, and participant views of the intervention.Results:From January to September 2016, 595 young people were invited to attend the Psychology of Emotions workshops, of whom 350 (58.8%) attended at least one session. Young people who attended all six sessions (8.1%) experienced significant reductions in self-reported anxiety (d = .72) and depression (d = .58) and 35.5% were classified as recovered at completion. Those who attended at least two sessions (41.3%) reported smaller but significant improvements in anxiety (d = .42) and depression (d = .45); 22.0% were classified as recovered at the last session attended. Participants provided largely positive feedback about the intervention.Conclusion:Psychology of Emotions is a promising treatment option, delivered outside of a diagnostic framework, for young people with mild to moderate mental health difficulties seen within IAPT services. Better understanding reasons for non-attendance might enable the intervention to be made accessible to more young people.
Latent Classes of Cognitive Functioning Among Depressed Older Adults Without Dementia
Authors: Morin Ruth T. , Insel Philip , Nelson Craig , Butters Meryl , Bickford David , Landau Susan , Saykin Andrew , Weiner Michael , Mackin R. Scott ,   the ADNI Depression Project
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:Use latent class analysis (LCA) to identify patterns of cognitive functioning in a sample of older adults with clinical depression and without dementia and assess demographic, psychiatric, and neurobiological predictors of class membership.Method:Neuropsychological assessment data from 121 participants in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-Depression project (ADNI-D) were analyzed, including measures of executive functioning, verbal and visual memory, visuospatial and language functioning, and processing speed. These data were analyzed using LCA, with predictors of class membership such as depression severity, depression and treatment history, amyloid burden, and APOE e4 allele also assessed.Results:A two-class model of cognitive functioning best fit the data, with the Lower Cognitive Class (46.1% of the sample) performing approximately one standard deviation below the Higher Cognitive Class (53.9%) on most tests. When predictors of class membership were assessed, carrying an APOE e4 allele was significantly associated with membership in the Lower Cognitive Class. Demographic characteristics, age of depression onset, depression severity, history of psychopharmacological treatment for depression, and amyloid positivity did not predict class membership.Conclusion:LCA allows for identification of subgroups of cognitive functioning in a mostly cognitively intact late life depression (LLD) population. One subgroup, the Lower Cognitive Class, more likely to carry an APOE e4 allele, may be at a greater risk for subsequent cognitive decline, even though current performance on neuropsychological testing is within normal limits. These findings have implications for early identification of those at greatest risk, risk factors, and avenues for preventive intervention.
The effects of voluntary front-of-pack nutrition labels on volume shares of products: the case of the Dutch Choices
Authors: Smed Sinne , Edenbrandt Anna K , Jansen Léon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:The study examines the impact of a front-of-pack label (Dutch Choices) on household purchase patterns.Design:Change in households’ volume share of products eligible for the label (treatment group) is estimated as a function of changes in the market share of products displaying the label (treatment), while controlling for other relevant factors.Setting:Home-scan data for five food categories, subdivided into eighteen food groups, for households participating in a Dutch consumer panel. The data are from the period 2005 to 2009, which includes the date of the introduction of the Choices label.Participants:Between 831 and 7216 households from all over the Netherlands.Results:An increase in the market share of products displaying the label led to an increase in the volume share purchased of products eligible for the label for dairy products, yoghurts and for sauces. For some of the products, the partial effect is considerable (e.g. a 10 percentage point (pp) increase in the share of products displaying the label is associated with a 11·5 and 14·0 pp increase in the volume share of eligible products for chocolate milk and quark, respectively).Conclusions:The results suggest a positive effect from the presence of the Choices label on the volume share of eligible products purchased. Provided that eligible products are healthier than non-eligible products, the Choices label is a good guide for consumers in order to help them make healthier food choices. The positive effect is found mainly in food groups with a mix of both healthy and unhealthy food products.
Validation of the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS) and development of the Brief-MSCS among hospice and healthcare professionals: a confirmatory factor analysis approach to validation
Authors: Hotchkiss Jason T. , Cook-Cottone Catherine P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn the emotionally intense field of healthcare, the ability to peacefully inhabit one's body, maintain good boundaries, and be fully present during care is essential. This study aimed to validate the recently developed Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS) among hospice and healthcare professionals and develop a brief version of the 33-item MSCS.MethodA sample of hospice and healthcare professionals from all 50 states (n = 858) was used. A confirmatory factor analysis was run using a rigorous methodology for validation and item reduction to develop a brief version of the 33-item MSCS. The brief MSCS (B-MSCS) was developed by identifying items for exclusion through examination of conceptual overlap, descriptive statistics by detecting sources of improvement model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Model modifications were done sequentially and with regard to theoretical considerations.ResultThe existing model, 33-item MSCS with six subscales, had good fit to the data with all indicators in acceptable ranges (chi-square/df = 3.08, df (480), p < 0.01, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059, comparative fit index = 0.915, Tucker and Lewis's index of fit = 0.907). Nine items were excluded on the basis of very low loadings and conceptual and empirical overlap with other items.Significance of resultsThe final 24-item, B-MSCS model was consistent with the original conceptual model and had a closer fit to the data (chi-square/df = 1.85, df (215), p < 0.01, root mean square error of approximation = 0.041, comparative fit index = 0.961, Tucker and Lewis's index of fit = 0.955). In addition, the reliability, construct, and concurrent validity of the MSCS and B-MSCS were in the acceptable and good ranges, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of the MSCS and B-MSCS scores were similar; B-MSCS mean scores well approximated the MSCS scores. Informal mindful self-care, in the process of everyday life, was practiced more regularly and associated with increased wellness and reduced burnout risk than formal mind-body practices.
Harvest weed seed control of Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot], common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson)
Authors: Beam Shawn C. , Mirsky Steven , Cahoon Charlie , Haak David , Flessner Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerbicide resistance is a major problem in United States and global agriculture, driving farmers to consider other methods of weed control. One of these methods is harvest weed seed control (HWSC), which has been demonstrated to be effective in Australia. HWSC studies were conducted across Virginia in 2017 and 2018, targeting Italian ryegrass in continuous winter wheat as well as common ragweed and Palmer amaranth in continuous soybean. These studies assessed the impact of HWSC (via weed seed removal) on weed populations in the next year’s crop compared with conventional harvest (weed seeds returned). HWSC reduced Italian ryegrass tillers compared with the conventional harvest at two locations in April (29% and 69%), but no difference was observed at a third location. At wheat harvest, HWSC at one location reduced Italian ryegrass seed heads (41 seed heads m−2) compared with conventional harvest (125 seed heads m−2). In soybean, before preplant herbicide applications and POST herbicide applications, HWSC reduced common ragweed densities by 22% and 26%, respectively, compared with the conventional harvest plots. By soybean harvest, no differences in common ragweed density, seed retention, or crop yield were observed, because of effectiveness of POST herbicides. No treatment differences were observed at any evaluation timing for Palmer amaranth, which is attributed to farmer weed management (i.e., effective herbicides) and low weed densities making any potential treatment differences difficult to detect. Across wheat and soybean, there were no differences observed in crop yield between treatments. Overall, HWSC was demonstrated to be a viable method to reduce Italian ryegrass and common ragweed populations.
Higher oxidative balance score is associated with better glycemic control among Iranian adults with type-2 diabetes
Authors: Golmohammadi Mona , Ayremlou Pravin , Zarrin Rasoul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The oxidative balance score (OBS) is a measure of combined pro- and anti-oxidant exposure status, with a higher OBS representing a predominance of anti- over pro-oxidant exposures. We aimed to examine the association of OBS and glycemic control among Iranian adults with type-2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 476 adults with type-2 diabetes (mean age 56.2 y; 66.6% female). Fasting glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum glucose (FSG) levels were measured as markers of glycemic control. The OBS was calculated by combining information from a total of 18 a priori selected pro- and anti-oxidant components. These components were comprised of the following four categories: dietary anti-oxidants (i.e., dietary intakes of selenium, fiber, retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, and vitamin C); dietary pro-oxidants (i.e., dietary intakes of iron, saturated fatty acid, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid); non-dietary anti-oxidants (i.e., physical activity); and non-dietary pro-oxidants (i.e., smoking and obesity). After adjusting for several potential confounders in the analysis of covariance models, multivariable adjusted means of HbA1c and FSG of subjects in the highest tertile of OBS were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertile (for HbA1c: mean difference –0.73%; and for FSG: mean difference –10.2 mg/dL; both P < 0.050). The findings suggest that a higher OBS, indicating a predominance of anti- over pro-oxidant exposures, is associated with a better glycemic control among Iranian adults with type-2 diabetes. However, future prospective studies of adequate methodological quality are warranted to confirm these findings.
Endless Forams: >34,000 Modern Planktonic Foraminiferal Images for Taxonomic Training and Automated Species Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hsiang Allison Y. , Brombacher Anieke , Rillo Marina C. , Mleneck‐Vautravers Maryline J. , Conn Stephen , Lordsmith Sian , Jentzen Anna , Henehan Michael J. , Metcalfe Brett , Fenton Isabel S. , Wade Bridget S. , Fox Lyndsey , Meilland Julie , Davis Catherine V. , Baranowski Ulrike , Groeneveld Jeroen , Edgar Kirsty M. , Movellan Aurore , Aze Tracy , Dowsett Harry J. , Miller C. Giles , Rios Nelson , Hull Pincelli M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPlanktonic foraminiferal species identification is central to many paleoceanographic studies, from selecting species for geochemical research to elucidating the biotic dynamics of microfossil communities relevant to physical oceanographic processes and interconnected phenomena such as climate change. However, few resources exist to train students in the difficult task of discerning amongst closely related species, resulting in diverging taxonomic schools that differ in species concepts and boundaries. This problem is exacerbated by the limited number of taxonomic experts. Here we document our initial progress toward removing these confounding and/or rate‐limiting factors by generating the first extensive image library of modern planktonic foraminifera, providing digital taxonomic training tools and resources, and automating species‐level taxonomic identification of planktonic foraminifera via machine learning using convolution neural networks. Experts identified 34,640 images of modern (extant) planktonic foraminifera to the species level. These images are served as species exemplars through the online portal Endless Forams (endlessforams.org) and a taxonomic training portal hosted on the citizen science platform Zooniverse (zooniverse.org/projects/ahsiang/endless‐forams/). A supervised machine learning classifier was then trained with ~27,000 images of these identified planktonic foraminifera. The best‐performing model provided the correct species name for an image in the validation set 87.4% of the time and included the correct name in its top three guesses 97.7% of the time. Together, these resources provide a rigorous set of training tools in modern planktonic foraminiferal taxonomy and a means of rapidly generating assemblage data via machine learning in future studies for applications such as paleotemperature reconstruction.
The Great Storm of May 1921: An Exemplar of a Dangerous Space Weather Event
Authors: Hapgood Mike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe reconstruct the timeline of the extreme space weather event of May 1921, reviewing a wealth of reports from scientific literature, databases, newspaper reports, and reports by historians and astronomers. A series of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) bombarded Earth between 13 and 16 May, as shown by a series of sudden commencements observed across the global network of magnetometers. These CMEs produced three major periods of geomagnetic activity. The first period followed the arrival of two CMEs on 13 May. These may have cleared much density from the inner heliosphere, enabling a subsequent CME to travel quickly to Earth and cause intense activity. Continuing moderate magnetic activity following the first period may also have preconditioned the magnetosphere so it responded strongly to that later CME. This arrived late on 14 May, driving a short period of very intense activity early on 15 May, including technological impacts indicative of strong geoelectric fields. Another CME arrived early on 16 May, driving intense activity similar to that on 13 May. We show how these impacts fit with scientific observations to give a timeline that can be used in worst‐case studies/benchmarks. We also show that some impacts were probably coincidental with the storm, but due to more prosaic faults. This sequence of preconditioning, intense geoelectric fields, and their impacts, plus coincidental faults, makes the 1921 event an excellent basis for building space weather scenarios. Such scenarios are vital scientific input to the development and implementation of policies for mitigation of severe space weather.
Recent mixing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus populations
Authors: Yang Chao , Pei Xiaoyan , Wu Yarong , Yan Lin , Yan Yanfeng , Song Yuqin , Coyle Nicola M , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime , Quince Christopher , Hu Qinghua , Jiang Min , Feil Edward , Yang Dajin , Song Yajun , Zhou Dongsheng , Yang Ruifu , Falush Daniel , Cui Yujun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Humans have profoundly affected the ocean environment but little is known about anthropogenic effects on the distribution of microbes. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is found in warm coastal waters and causes gastroenteritis in humans and economically significant disease in shrimps. Based on data from 1103 genomes of environmental and clinical isolates, we show that V. parahaemolyticus is divided into four diverse populations, VppUS1, VppUS2, VppX and VppAsia. The first two are largely restricted to the US and Northern Europe, while the others are found worldwide, with VppAsia making up the great majority of isolates in the seas around Asia. Patterns of diversity within and between the populations are consistent with them having arisen by progressive divergence via genetic drift during geographical isolation. However, we find that there is substantial overlap in their current distribution. These observations can be reconciled without requiring genetic barriers to exchange between populations if long-range dispersal has increased dramatically in the recent past. We found that VppAsia isolates from the US have an average of 1.01% more shared ancestry with VppUS1 and VppUS2 isolates than VppAsia isolates from Asia itself. Based on time calibrated trees of divergence within epidemic lineages, we estimate that recombination affects about 0.017% of the genome per year, implying that the genetic mixture has taken place within the last few decades. These results suggest that human activity, such as shipping, aquatic products trade and increased human migration between continents, are responsible for the change of distribution pattern of this species.
Transient receptor potential ion-channel subfamily V member 4: a potential target for cancer treatment
Authors: Yu Suyun , Huang Shuai , Ding Yushi , Wang Wei , Wang Aiyun , Lu Yin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe transient receptor potential ion-channel superfamily consists of nonselective cation channels located mostly on the plasma membranes of numerous animal cell types, which are closely related to sensory information transmission (e.g., vision, pain, and temperature perception), as well as regulation of intracellular Ca2+ balance and physiological activities of growth and development. Transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily V (TRPV) is one of the largest and most diverse subfamilies, including TRPV1–TRPV6 involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. TRPV4 can be activated by various physical and chemical stimuli, such as heat, mechanical force, and phorbol ester derivatives participating in the maintenance of normal cellular functions. In recent years, the roles of TRPV4 in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration have been extensively studied. Its abnormal expression has also been closely related to the onset and progression of multiple tumors, so TRPV4 may be a target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focused on the latest studies concerning the role of TRPV4 in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential. As evidenced by the effects on cancerogenesis, TRPV4 is a potential target for anticancer therapy.
The beneficial androgenic action of steroidal aromatase inactivators in estrogen-dependent breast cancer after failure of nonsteroidal drugs
Authors: Gao Lanyang , Bao Zheng , Deng Heng , Li Xiaofang , Li Jiamin , Rong Zuyuan , Yang Youzhe , Liu Ling , Nie Dan , Wang Guilin , Teichmann Alexander T. , Wieland F. Heinrich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDirect treatment of ER (+) breast cancer with Formestane diminishes the tumor within weeks. This is unlikely due to lack of estrogens alone. We proposed that it is the negative influence of androgens on the growth of ER(+) breast cancer. We investigated the influence of Formestane and Exemestane and of their major androgenic metabolites 4-hydroxytestosterone and 17-hydroexemestane on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and ZR-75-1 cells. Inhibitory effects could be prevented by antiandrogens and siRNA. Activation of the AR in MCF-7 and U2-OS cells was tested by reporter gene assays. In vivo androgenicity was evaluated using the Hershberger assay. Influence on the cell cycle was demonstrated by flow-cytometry. Influence of androgens on the activity of CCND1 was demonstrated by Chip-qPCR. Antitumor activity was determined by topical treatment of DMBA tumors. We found that breast cancer cells can metabolize Formestane and Exemestane to androgenic compounds which inhibit proliferation. This can be explained by hindering the accessibility of CCND1 by histone modification. Androgenic metabolites can abolish the growth of DMBA-tumors and prevent the appearance of new tumors. The lack of cross-resistance between steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors is due to inhibitory effects of androgenic steroidal metabolites on the production of cyclin D1. These sterols not only inhibit proliferation of cancer cells but can also stop the growth of DMBA cancers upon direct absorption into the tumor. The quick and considerable effect on ER(+) tumors may open a new avenue for neodjuvant treatment.
Preso regulates NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity via modulating nitric oxide and calcium responses after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Luo Peng , Li Xin , Wu Xiuquan , Dai Shuhui , Yang Yuefan , Xu Haoxiang , Jing Da , Rao Wei , Xu Hongyu , Gao Xiangyu , Fei Zhou , Lu Hongbing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a major health concern worldwide, and the poor outcome of TBI increases the need for therapeutic improvement. Secondary injuries following TBI, including excitotoxicity, lead to synaptic dysfunction and provide potential targets for intervention. Postsynaptic scaffold proteins, which are involved in the regulation of excitotoxicity after neuronal injury, play a crucial role in modulating synaptic function. Therefore, exploring the role of postsynaptic scaffold proteins in TBI might uncover new treatments. In this study, we demonstrated that downregulated expression of the postsynaptic scaffold protein Preso protects against neuronal injury after TBI in vitro and in vivo, and these effects are related to the inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function. Further study showed that Preso facilitates signaling from NMDAR to nitric oxide (NO) and calcium (Ca2+) responses. First, the complex constituting NMDAR, postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was shown to be involved in the Preso regulation of the NO response. Uncoupling the linkage between Preso and PSD-95 attenuated the stability of this complex and suppressed the regulatory effect of Preso on the NO response. In addition, phosphorylation of NMDAR by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was shown to be responsible for the Preso-mediated Ca2+ response, which was dependent on the interaction between Preso and CDK5. These results suggested that the association of Preso with NMDAR signaling can serve as a target for neuroprotection against TBI.