bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of a chemical disinfectant and an antiviral drug for RNA virus management in the Mediterranean fruit fly mass‐rearing
Authors: Hernández‐Pelegrín Luis , García‐Castillo Pablo , Catalá‐Oltra Marta , Dembilio Óscar , Ros Vera I.D. , Herrero Salvador 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Mediterranean fruit fly is an agricultural pest of a wide variety of fruit crops. An effective method to counteract them in the field is through the application of the sterile insect technique, which requires the mass‐production of sterile males. The presence of pathogens, and specifically viruses, threatens the well‐being of mass‐reared insects generating an interest on the development of strategies for viral elimination or containment. Thirteen RNA viruses have been described in the medfly although so far only one of them, Ceratitis capitata nora virus, has been associated with detrimental effects on medfly development. In this context, medfly larvae were supplied with a chemical compound (formaldehyde) and an antiviral compound (ribavirin) via oral feeding to (1) test the potential of these compounds for viral elimination and (2) analyze their effect on medfly development. Overall, formaldehyde treatment did not reduce the viral titer for any of the tested viruses, while ribavirin effectively reduced the levels of two widespread RNA viruses but not in a dose–response manner. However, the addition of both compounds correlated with detrimental effects on medfly fitness, arguing against their use in mass‐rearing facilities.
Differential gene expression in Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) induced by Wolbachia infection
Authors: Jiménez‐Florido Patricia , Aquilino Mónica , Buckley David , Bella José L. , Planelló Rosario 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDistinct lineages of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) form well‐known hybrid zones (HZs) both in the Pyrenees and the Alps mountain ranges in South Europe. These HZs represent unique experimental systems to identify “key genes” that maintain genetic boundaries between emerging species. The Iberian endemism C. p. erythropus (Cpe) and the subspecies C. p. parallelus (Cpp), widely distributed throughout the rest of Europe, overlap and form the Pyrenean HZ. Both subspecies differ morphologically, as well as in behavioral, mitochondrial, nuclear, and chromosomal traits, and in the strains of the maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia infecting them. This results in either unidirectional and bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility between both grasshopper subspecies, pointing out that Wolbachia clearly affects gene expression in the infected individuals. Here we explore how Wolbachia may modify the expression of some major genes involved in relevant pathways in Cpp in the Pyrenean HZ. We have analyzed, through molecular biomarkers, the physiological responses in C. parallelus individuals infected by Wolbachia, with particular attention to the energy metabolism, the immune system response, and the reproduction. qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of selected genes in the gonads of infected and uninfected adults of both sexes, since this tissue constitutes the main target of Wolbachia infection. Transcriptional analyses also showed differential sex‐dependent responses in most of the analyzed biomarkers in infected and noninfected individuals. We identified for the first time new sensitive biomarkers that might be involved in the reproductive barrier induced by Wolbachia in the hybrid zone.
Exposure to specific fungal lectins during adhesion impairs biofilm formation of Listeria on polystyrene
Authors: Janež Nika , Ladányi Márta , Sterniša Meta , Jug Blaž , Zupan Tanja , Peternel Tjaša , Sebastijanović Aleksandar , Perišić Nanut Milica , Karničar Katarina , Taler‐Verčič Ajda , Turk Dušan , Klančnik Anja , Štrancar Janez , Sabotič Jerica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that can form biofilms in food processing plants, allowing the bacteria to survive despite the control measures applied. As the surface of the bacteria is covered with versatile polysaccharides and proteins, these influence the interactions of the bacterium with any surface. The unique properties and high stability of fungal proteins make them good candidates for the control of bacteria by targeting surface structures. We screened a group of fungal lectins and protease inhibitors from different fungal species, protein folds and known targets for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against model strains of Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes. Several of them significantly decreased the viability of biofilm bacteria, but had no effect on bacterial growth parameters at 37°C and thus had no antibacterial activity. Fungal lectins significantly impaired biofilm development even at room temperature, which was attributed to exposure to lectins during adhesion. The tested fungal proteins also reduced biofilm development on biological model surfaces. The observed antibiofilm activity of fungal proteins suggests that they have the potential to modulate interactions between bacteria and/or between bacteria and surfaces, which could be used in the future to reduce surface contamination by Listeria.
Populism and the rule of law: The importance of institutional legacies
Authors: Kyriacou Andreas , Trivin Pedro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExisting work sees populist governments undermining the rule of law because they seek to dismantle institutional constraints on their personalistic plebiscitarian rule. We argue that populist rulers pose a greater threat to legal impartiality, equality, and compliance when they face a legacy of weak rule of law. We find empirical support for this assertion after applying synthetic control methods to a cross‐country sample that includes up to 51 populist events spanning the period from 1920 to 2019. Our results remain consistent across a range of robustness checks including, the consideration of a set of contextual variables that can potentially determine the capacity of populist governments to sweep away institutional constraints, different populist event classifications, and different ways of measuring the rule of law. In countries, like the United States, with a robust rule of law tradition, the deleterious impact of populists on institutions will be limited but not negligible.
Black Race is Associated with Decreased Exposure to Advanced Therapies and Worse Outcomes in Individuals with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: McFalls Caya , Chaaban Lara , Melia Joanna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor people diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), racial disparities exist both in access to medications and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe used the TriNetX database for two population‐based retrospective analyses with Black (n = 22,519) and Asian (n = 8,626) individuals with UC matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Outcomes included mortality, medication prescriptions, and clinical encounters at 6 months and 10 years.ResultsAt 6 months and 10 years after diagnosis, Black people had increased mortality (2.7% vs. 1.9% and 8.1% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.0001), were prescribed fewer UC‐specific therapies (21.3% vs. 26.4% and 30% vs. 36%, p < 0.0001), had higher rates of emergency department visits (22.3% vs. 13.6% and 41.2% vs. 31.5%, p < 0.0001), and higher hospitalisation rates (30.1% vs. 25.8% and 42.6% vs. 39.9%, p < 0.0001). At 6 months, they had more opioid prescriptions (18.5% vs. 15.7%, p < 0.0001). Asian people had lower mortality at 10 years (5.6% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.0001), higher rates of UC‐specific medications at 6 months (28.6% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.002), and more hospitalizations (38.8% vs. 27.7%, p < 0.0001 at 6 months and 50% vs. 42.2%, p < 0.0001 at 10 years).ConclusionBlack individuals with UC are prescribed fewer disease‐specific therapies compared to White individuals and have increased hospitalizations and mortality. Black individuals have higher rates of opioid prescriptions. Opioids have been associated with increased complication rates in inflammatory bowel disease. These trends are not seen in Asian individuals. This reveals critical disparities in the care of Black people with UC with opportunity for targeted interventions.
Novel Hydrazide‐Hydrazones Bearing a Benzimidazole Ring: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Inhibitor Properties Against CA I and CA II Isozymes
Authors: Işık Ayşen , Acar Çevik Ulviye , Celik Ismail , Küçükoğlu Kaan , Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa , Bostancı Hayrani Eren , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we propose identifying potential novel compounds targeting carbonic anhydrase I and II. Herein, we have designed and synthesized new benzimidazole‐hydrazide‐hydrazones derivatives (4a‐4r) to investigate the effects of these synthesized compounds on CA isoenzymes. The compounds' 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra were used to confirm their chemical structures. The synthetic derivatives were screened for their inhibitory potential against carbonic anhydrase I and II by in vitro assay. These compounds have IC50 values of 3.727–1.493 μM (hCA I) and 3.892–1.547 μM (hCA II). Inhibition types and Ki values of the compounds were determined. The Ki values of the compounds were 3.006 ± 0.17 μM‐0.356 ± 0.0 μM (hCA I) and 2.923 ± 0.15 μM‐0.346 ± 0.0 μM (hCA II). Acetazolamide (AAZ) was used as the reference in the study. The most potent derivatives, a 4‐methoxy derivative (compound 4k) and 4‐(trifluoromethyl) derivative (compound 4g), than AAZ (IC50 = 2.26 μM) and their IC50 values were found as 1.493 μM and 1.675 μM, respectively. Compared to AAZ, the other derivatives having more effect on hCA I were compounds 4b, 4e, 4l, 4m, 4n, and 4o. The compounds gave IC50 values of 1.743, 1.789, 1.933, 1.966, 1.983, and 1.986 μM, respectively. Compounds 4a‐4r found no more effective inhibitory activity against hCA II isozyme than AAZ (IC50 = 1.17 μM). According to the in vitro test results, detailed protein‐ligand interactions of the compounds 4b and 4k exhibited considerably low binding energies, suggesting strong interaction affinities against hCA I. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of the compounds on the L929 healthy cell line were evaluated.
Implant‐Supported Cantilever Fixed Dental Prosthesis in the Anterior Region: Effect of Implant Type and Aging In Vitro
Authors: Rohr Nadja , Iwauchi Yotaro , Bernauer Raffael , Heuzeroth Raphael , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate if the fracture load of implant‐supported cantilever fixed dental prostheses (ICFDPs) in the anterior region is affected by the implant type and the aging protocol.Materials and MethodsSixty ICFDPs were prepared using multilayer monolithic zirconia for restoring bone‐level (BL) and tissue‐level (TL) titanium‐zirconium implants. Fracture load was measured at baseline (no aging) or after aging in a chewing simulator loading the implant crown or the cantilever in a 30° angle (n = 10 per group). A two‐way ANOVA was applied (α = 0.05) for the effects of implant type and aging protocol.ResultsImplant type (p < 0.001) and aging (p < 0.001) had a significant effect on fracture load values. Baseline specimens of both BL (665 ± 62 N) and TL (554 ± 23 N) had significantly higher mean fracture load values than those of aged specimens(BL implant crown 545 ± 46 N, BL cantilever 563 ± 45 N, TL implant crown 455 ± 32 N, TL cantilever 476 ± 24 N) (p < 0.001). The loading position during aging did not affect fracture load values for BL (p = 0.980) nor TL (p = 0.749). BL implants failed by cement fracture and abutment deformation, while for TL the transmucosal part of the implant deformed.ConclusionsThe fracture load values of anterior ICFDPs decrease with aging in a chewing simulator. BL implants are preferable over TL implants for anterior ICFDPs as higher fracture load values were achieved, and no implant deformation occurred.
METTL16 and YTHDC1 Regulate Spermatogonial Differentiation via m6A
Authors: Gu Xueying , Dai Xinyuan , Sun Haifeng , Lian Yilong , Huang Xingxu , Shen Bin , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSpermatogenesis is a highly unique and intricate process, finely regulated at multiple levels, including post‐transcriptional regulation. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation during spermatogenesis. Previous research indicated extensive m6A modification at each stage of spermatogenesis, but depletion of Mettl3 and/or Mettl14 in spermatogenic cells with Stra8‐Cre did not reveal any detectable abnormalities up to the stage of elongating spermatids. This suggests the involvement of other methyltransferases in the regulation of m6A modification during spermatogonial differentiation and meiosis. As a METTL3/14‐independent m6A methyltransferase, METTL16 remains insufficiently studied in its roles during spermatogenesis. We report that male mice with Mettl16vasa‐cre exhibited significantly smaller testes, accompanied by a progressive loss of spermatogonia after birth. Additionally, the deletion of Mettl16 in A1 spermatogonia using Stra8‐Cre results in a blockade in spermatogonial differentiation. Given YTHDC1's specific recognition for METTL16 target genes, we further investigated the role of YTHDC1 using Ythdc1‐sKO mouse model. Our results indicate that Ythdc1Stra8‐cre also impairs spermatogonial differentiation, similar to the effects observed in Mettl16Stra8‐cre mice. RNA‐seq and m6A‐seq analyses revealed that deletion of either Mettl6 or Ythdc1 disrupted the gene expression related to chromosome organisation and segregation, ultimately leading to male infertility. Collectively, this study underscores the essential roles of the m6A writer METTL16 and its reader YTHDC1 in the differentiation of spermatogonia.
Heterochrony and Oophagy Underlie the Evolution of Giant Filter‐Feeding Lamniform Sharks
Authors: Gayford Joel H. , Irschick Duncan J. , Chin Andrew , Rummer Jodie L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEvolutionary transitions toward gigantic body sizes have profound consequences for the structure and dynamics of ecological networks. Among elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), gigantism has evolved on several occasions, most notably in the iconic Megalodon (Otodus megalodon†) and the extant whale shark (Rhincodon typus), basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), and megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios), all of which reach total lengths exceeding 6 m and, in some cases, reach 21 m or more. Comparative phylogenetic studies suggest that filter feeding and heterothermy provide two alternative evolutionary pathways leading to gigantism in sharks. These selection‐based explanations for gigantism are important; however, our understanding of evolutionary transitions in body size is fundamentally constrained without a proximate, mechanistic understanding of how the suite of adaptations necessary to facilitate gigantism evolved. Here we propose the heterochrony hypothesis for the evolution of the giant filter‐feeding shark ecomorphotype. We suggest that craniofacial adaptations for oophagy in embryonic stages of lamniform sharks are retained through ontogeny in C. maximus and M. pelagios by paedomorphosis, resulting in an enlarged head and mouth relative to the rest of the body, even in adulthood. This change in developmental timing enables these taxa to optimize prey acquisition, which is thought to be the limiting factor for the evolution of gigantism in filter‐feeding marine vertebrates. We discuss the concordance of this hypothesis with current developmental, morphological, and evolutionary data, and we suggest future means by which the hypothesis could be tested.
The formation and cross‐border connectivity of bank branch networks across the Canadian provinces: regional internationalization via interbank networks and foreign trade (1879–1900)
Authors: Pivavarava Alena V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study advances a new approach to investigating the resilience of regional banking systems by reconstructing the co‐evolving branch and interbank networks in post‐Confederation Canada (1879–1900). By digitizing annual banking registers, this study employed a microgeographic approach to constructing a novel longitudinal dataset on city locations and correspondent arrangements of individual branches of Canadian banks. This study uncovered and visualized the divergent growth trajectories of branch and interbank networks across the Canadian provinces, applying network analysis to analyse their structural properties at the city‐bank level. Survival analysis revealed significantly different volatility levels in the branch networks of chartered and private banks induced by the recurrent economic downturns and regulatory changes, as measured with their new venturing and survival rates. Mapping the interbank networks at the branch‐city level revealed a multi‐tier structure of the correspondent system and contributed novel insights into the regional internationalization via cross‐border interbank arrangements and foreign trade flows. With the new branch‐level evidence, this study addresses a major limitation in the extant literature on banking history in Canada, which, to date, was based on fragmented evidence on banks’ branch establishments and interbank networks. This paper offers implications for future research on international banking history, as well as the financial integration of regions and their cross‐border connectivity via interbank networks.
An Evolutionary Game Study of Consumers' Low‐Carbon Travel Behavior Under Carbon‐Inclusive Policy
Authors: Liu Yaqin , Chen Xi , Zhang Mengya , Li Ke , da Silva Daniel S. , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCarbon‐inclusive policy is regarded as an incentive measure to personal low‐carbon actions. However, its impacts are various for different parties under the government‐led (including government and consumer) mode and the enterprise‐led (including government, consumer and the enterprise) mode, while few studies reveal their difference and give reasonable implications. To fill these gaps, taking consumer's low‐carbon travel as an example, this study develops two evolutionary game models—a two‐party model (based on government‐led adoption) and a tripartite model (based on enterprise‐led adoption)—to investigate the effects of carbon‐inclusive policy. The findings show that (1) the policy benefits all parties in both models, but the participation of the enterprise enhances the effectiveness of the policy; (2) the enterprise‐led mode, that is, the operation of the carbon‐inclusive platform by the enterprise is preferred because all parties have higher payoff, compared with the government‐led mode; and (3) subsidies from the government has a greater impact for consumers' low‐carbon behaviours. However, it has a less impact for the enterprise, which indicates the strategic action of the government is to establish a reasonable consumer subsidy system while reducing subsidies for the enterprise. This study offers a novel perspective on the effects of the carbon‐inclusive policy on consumers' low‐carbon behaviour, and enriches the practice of personal carbon trading.
Psychological interventions for family members of people with psychological disorders with emotional dysregulation: Introduction to special section
Authors: Guillén Verónica 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClinicians working with people suffering from psychological disorders involving emotional dysregulation often focus on treating the patient. To some extent, this is logical given the urgency and severity of the patient's problems. However, caregivers of these patients experience high levels of burden, depression, and other types of distress. Therefore, not caring for family members means first, neglecting these people who are also suffering, and secondly missing the opportunity to help patients from other perspectives focused on the context around them that can be very helpful. Currently, there is growing interest in studying interventions to help relatives of people with severe mental disorders. This special section presents some studies that analyze several variables that may influence the course of treatment, such as the influence of personality traits of parents of people with eating disorders and affective disorders or the family alliance for therapeutic change, and the level of hopelessness in family members of people with borderline personality disorders. Second, empirically supported interventions are presented for psychological disorders involving emotional dysregulation, for example, in relatives of people with borderline personality disorder and eating disorders. It is essential to make progress in the psychological care of people with psychological disorders and we think a good way to do this is to integrate into our clinical practice the possibility of offering skills training and psychoeducation to family members. So far, good results have been obtained, and we believe it is essential to disseminate these interventions among clinicians and researchers.
Global Land Use Change and Its Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Li Lidong , Awada Tala , Zhang Yao , Paustian Keith 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic activities have altered approximately two‐thirds of the Earth's land surface. Urbanization, industrialization, agricultural expansion, and deforestation are increasingly impacting the terrestrial landscapes, leading to shifts of areas in artificial surface (i.e., humanmade), cropland, pasture, forest, and barren land. Land use patterns and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions play a critical role in global climate change. Here we synthesized 29 years of global historical data and demonstrated how land use impacts global GHG emissions using structural equation modeling. We then obtained predictive estimates of future global GHG emissions using a deep learning model. Our results show that, from 1992 to 2020, the global terrestrial areas covered by artificial surface and cropland have expanded by 133% and 6% because of population growth and socioeconomic development, resulting in 4.0% and 3.8% of declines in pasture and forest areas, respectively. Land use was significantly associated with GHG emissions (p < 0.05). Artificial surface dominates global GHG emissions, followed by cropland, pasture, and barren land. The increase in artificial surfaces has driven up global GHG emissions through the increase in energy consumption. Conversely, improved agricultural management practices have contributed to mitigating agricultural GHG emissions. Forest, on the other hand, serves as a sink of GHG. In total, global GHG emissions increased from 31 to 46 GtCO2eq from 1992 to 2020. Looking ahead, if current trends in global land use continue at the same rates, our model projects that global GHG emissions will reach 76 ± 8 GtCO2eq in 2050. In contrast, reducing the rates of land use change by half could limit global GHG emissions to 60 ± 3 GtCO2eq in 2050. Monitoring and analyzing these projections allow a better understanding of the potential impacts of various land use scenarios on global climate and planning for a sustainable future.