bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biophysical characterization and molecular simulation of electrostatically driven self‐association of a single‐chain antibody
Authors: O'Brien Christopher J. , Calero‐Rubio Cesar , Razinkov Vladimir I. , Robinson Anne S. , Roberts Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractColloidal protein–protein interactions (PPI) are often expected to impact key behaviors of proteins in solution, such as aggregation rates and mechanisms, aggregate structure, protein solubility, and solution viscosity. PPI of an anti‐fluorescein single chain antibody variable fragment (scFv) were characterized experimentally at low to intermediate ionic strength using a combination of static light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. Surprisingly, the results indicated that interactions were strongly net‐attractive and electrostatics promoted self‐association. Only repulsive interactions were expected based on prior work and calculations based a homology model of a related scFv crystal structure. However, the crystal structure lacks the charged, net‐neutral linker sequence. PyRosetta was used to generate a set of scFv structures with different linker conformations, and coarse‐grained Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the effect of different linker configurations via second osmotic virial coefficient (B22) simulations. The results show that the configuration of the linker has a significant effect on the calculated B22 values, and can result in strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged residues on the protein surface. This is particularly relevant for development of non‐natural antibody products, where charged linkers and other loop regions may be prevalent. The results also provide a preliminary computational framework to evaluate the effect of unstructured linkers on experimental protein–protein interaction parameters such as B22.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Property of a New Dendritic Perylenediimide‐Naphthalimide Derivative
Authors: Cheng Huan‐Ren , Lu Xiao‐Ju , Zhang Yong , Deng Xiang‐Yi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a new perylenediimide‐naphthalimide compound has been constructed. The dendritic compound was charactarized by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), it presented a rapid fluorescence response to Fe3+ ions and three times of enhanced core emission (at 600 nm) with energy transfer efficiency of 55% and the two photon fluorescence experiment indicate that the dendritic compound showed a good two photon fluorescence property. Meanwhile, the relations between the molecular structure and its fluorescence property have been discussed. Furthermore, the compound was successfully applied to the imaging of Fe3+ ions in Hela cells.
Sulfur Hosts against the Shuttle Effect
Authors: Wang Yazhou , Huang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Shanqing , Hou Yanglong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as a substitute for conventional batteries as they are the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage system due to their high energy densities. However, their short cycling life, limited sulfur loading, severe polysulfide shuttling, and low sulfur utilization critically impede grid‐level‐storage energy techniques in Li–S batteries. The lithium shuttle effect results in rapid capacity fading and battery failure. The design and fabrication of sulfur hosts are key points to eliminate the aforementioned issues, especially the shuttle effect. In the past decade, spatial encapsulation and chemical interaction have improved the adsorption capacity of lithium polysulfides for the sulfur hosts and thus prolonged the lifetime of Li–S batteries. In an attempt to promote future research on the sulfur cathode and foster breakthroughs in Li–S batteries, recent achievements are highlighted, mechanical insights are discussed, and the remaining challenges and future research directions in the innovation of sulfur cathodes are identified.
Bottled water in Mexico: The rise of a new access to water paradigm
Authors: Greene Joshua 
Published: April 2018

Providing a case of bottled water as the main source of drinking water for a nation, this article looks at the unfolding of this development in Mexico and locates it into the mainstream debate about how to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) Target 6.1: universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. This is timely and relevant due to the 2017 amplification of the indicators defining access to improved sources of water to include the use of bottled water, under the broader category of “packaged water.” This signifies that populations that rely on bottled water as a complement to tap water, independent of the frequency and quality of this service, will be considered to have achieved the target. In only two decades, the phenomenon of bottled water has grown from a high‐end, niche consumer good to a global industry valued at $170 billion and climbing. The industry now stands poised to show how the private sector can be involved in achieving global targets, such as SDG 6.1, while earning large profits. In Mexico, 2017 estimates show 73% of the national population relies on bottled water as their unique source of drinking water, up from 61% in 2010. The article will trace the industry's history in Mexico rising out of an earthquake, a cholera epidemic, a financial crisis and the actions of the bottled water corporations. The profitability of this particular model of water delivery has attracted large‐scale investment by multinational food and beverage corporations and banks as well a recent explosion of small‐scale neighborhood water shops selling relatively small quantities of water. Today, this Mexican model is actively being replicated in other regions. Using a literature review and interviews with key informants from CONAGUA, Mexico's national water commission, the article traces four “lines of flight” of the origin and development of the bottled water industry in Mexico. The article reviews the current expansion of market actors and the published strategies of the dominant multinational corporations, to show the various configurations of the bottled water industry that are competing for the future of water delivery. The paper concludes by suggesting that the consequences of this trend deserve renewed examination by the water research community.This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Building a Strong Foundation Concerning Whole Number Arithmetic in Primary Grades: Editorial Introduction
Authors: Bartolini Bussi Maria G. , Sun Xu Hua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis volume is the outcome of ICMI Study 23 (Primary Mathematics Study on Whole Numbers). This editorial introduction outlines the rationale, the launch, the discussion document, the study conference, the content of the study volume, the main implications of the study, merits and limits of the study, concluding remarks, and acknowledgments.
How to Teach and Assess Whole Number Arithmetic: Some International Perspectives
Authors: Novotná Jarmila , Kaur Berinderjeet , Gervasoni Ann , Askew Mike , Veldhuis Michiel , Pearn Catherine , Sun Xu Hua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter focusses on the diverse theoretical and methodical frameworks that capture the complex relationship between whole number arithmetic (WNA) learning, teaching and assessment. Its aim is to bring these diverse perspectives into conversation. It comprises seven sections. The introduction is followed by a narrative of a Macao primary school lesson on addition calculations with two-digit numbers, and this sets the context for the subsequent three sections that focus on the development of students’ mathematical and metacognitive strategies during their learning of WNA. Apart from examining the impact of teachers’ knowledge of pedagogy, learning trajectories, mathematics and students on children’s learning of WNA, learning theories are also drawn on to interpret the lesson in the Macao Primary School. Two interpretations of the variation theory (VT), an indigenous one and a Western perspective, provide much needed lenses for readers to make sense of the lesson. In addition, the theory of didactical situations (TDS) is also applied to the lesson. The chapter also includes a reflection on possible classroom assessment and the role of textbooks, both of which were less apparent in the lesson, for the teaching and learning of WNA.
Professional Development Models for Whole Number Arithmetic in Primary Mathematics Teacher Education: A Cross-Cultural Overview
Authors: Novotná Jarmila , Bartolini Bussi Maria G. , Beckmann Sybilla , Inprasitha Maitree , Kaur Berinderjeet , Sun Xu Hua , Venkat Hamsa , Askew Mike 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe goal of the chapter is to explore and discuss teacher education in different parts of the world and to emphasize the commonalities and differences not only in the panellists’ countries, but in a broad perspective. By looking at differences in the parts and processes of different educational systems, we can learn from each other and develop a more integrated perspective on teacher education. Most research studies in the field of primary mathematics teacher education at the international level focus on curricula within teacher education and on the knowledge a primary teacher needs for teaching well. WNA provides a context for developing understandings and constructing arguments that adhere to the practices and norms of more advanced mathematics. Two key issues frame the chapter: ways to increasing and deepening teachers’ mathematical understandings and developing tools that support their mathematics teaching. Examples from seven countries are accompanied by brief information about the organization of primary teacher education in each of them.
The Theory of School Arithmetic: Whole Numbers
Authors: Ma Liping , Kessel Cathy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn 1999, Knowing and Teaching Elementary Mathematics: Teachers’ Understanding of Fundamental Mathematics in China and the United States presented readers with a puzzle. Four of its six chapters concerned interviews of US and Chinese primary teachers. (Note that the two groups of teachers were not chosen to be representative or similar in status.) The teachers described how they would respond to four classroom situations: teaching subtraction with regrouping; addressing a mistake in multi-digit multiplication; creating a word problem for division by fractions; and addressing an incorrect student conjecture about area and perimeter. The puzzle: Why did the US teachers, all of whom had tertiary degrees and were enrolled in intensive post-graduate programs, show less knowledge of school mathematics than the Chinese teachers, who had so much less education?An important part of the answer may be that school arithmetic in the two countries was profoundly different. (We write ‘was’ because expectations have changed in both countries. For example, influenced by the 1989 US Curriculum and Evaluation Standards, significant changes in school arithmetic appear in the 2001 Chinese Mathematics Curriculum Standards.) The knowledge displayed by the Chinese teachers was supported by the solid substance of school arithmetic in China. But, such knowledge was not readily available to their US counterparts. In this article, we give an account of this ‘solid substance’ for whole numbers and end with some examples of its connection with the teachers’ responses.
Low Numeracy: From Brain to Education
Authors: Butterworth Brian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt is widely agreed that humans inherit a numerical competence, though the exact nature of this competence is disputed. I argue that it is the inherited competence with whole numbers (the ‘number module’) that is foundational for arithmetical development. This is clear from a longitudinal study of learners from kindergarten to year 5. Recent research has identified a brain network that underlies our capacity for numbers and arithmetic, with whole number processing a core region of this network. A twin study shows a strong heritable component in whole number competence, its link to arithmetical development and to the brain region. These findings have implications for improving numeracy skills especially among low-attaining learners.
The What and Why of Whole Number Arithmetic: Foundational Ideas from History, Language and Societal Changes
Authors: Sun Xu Hua , Chambris Christine , Sayers Judy , Siu Man Keung , Cooper Jason , Dorier Jean-Luc , de Lora Sued Sarah Inés González , Thanheiser Eva , Azrou Nadia , McGarvey Lynn , Houdement Catherine , Ejersbo Lisser Rye 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIncreasing globalization encourages assumptions of universalism in teaching and learning, in which cultural and contextual factors are perceived as nonessential. However, our teaching and learning are unavoidably embedded in history, language and culture, from which we draw to organize our educational systems. Such factors can remain hidden but can also provide us with opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of constraints that are taken for granted. This chapter provides a meta-level analysis and synthesis of the what and why of whole number arithmetic (WNA). The summary provides background for the whole volume, which identifies the historical, cultural and linguistic foundations upon which other aspects of learning, teaching and assessment are based. We begin with a historical survey of the development of pre-numeral and numeral systems. We then explore the epistemological and pedagogical insights and highlight the differences between linguistic practices and their links with the universal decimal features of WNA. We investigate inconsistencies between spoken and written numbers and the incompatibility of numeration and calculation and review a number of teaching interventions. Finally, we report the influence of economics and business, academic mathematics, science and technology and public and private stakeholders on WNA to understand how and why curriculum changes are made, with a focus on the fundamental losses and gains.
Metal hyperaccumulating Brassicaceae from the ultramafic area of Yahyalı in Kayseri province, Turkey
Authors: Çelik Jale , Aksoy Ahmet , Leblebici Zeliha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMany of the plants found in serpentine areas are endemics and they may accumulate Ni at high concentration. High accumulation of Cr is rare, or in some views, never properly demonstrated. Generally, a very small proportion of any serpentine flora shows high accumulation of Ni, in some serpentine areas Ni accumulators are completely absent. There are approximately 570 hyperaccumulator plant species found on earth, 450 of them are Ni hyperaccumulators. A few of the Ni accumulators have potential for phytoremediation or phytomining. In the present study, 19 different Brassicaceae members growing in serpentine habitats in the district of Yahyalı, Kayseri province, Turkey viz., members of genera Aethionema, Alyssum, Arabis, Heldreichia, Hesperis, Iberis, Isatis, Microthlaspi, Odontarrhena, Pseudosempervivum and Thlaspi were investigated. Nickel concentrations in the soil and underground and aboveground parts of plants were determined by using ICP‐OES. It was observed that Ni concentrations of seven taxa (Odontarrhena muralis, O. oxycarpa, Isatis cappadocica subsp. cappadocica, Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Pseudosempervivum sempervivum, Thlaspi triangulare, Thlaspi rosulare) reach the threshold criterion of 1,000 mg kg−1 for Ni hyperaccumulation. In this study Ni concentrations in aboveground tissues of I. cappadocica subsp. cappadocica are determined as 5,587 mg kg−1 (in dry weight). Accordingly, it is suggested that this taxon be added to the list of Ni hyperaccumulator plants.
Multi-objective colliding bodies optimization algorithm for design of trusses
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Mahdavi Vahid Reza 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article presents a new population-based optimization algorithm to solve the multi-objective optimization problems of truss structures. This method is based on the recently developed single-solution algorithm proposed by the present authors, so called colliding bodies optimization (CBO), with each agent solution being considered as an object or body with mass. In the proposed multi-objective colliding bodies optimization (MOCBO) algorithm, the collision theory strategy as the search process is utilized and the Maximin fitness procedure is incorporated to the CBO for sorting the agents. A series of well-known test functions with different characteristics and number of objective functions are studied. In order to measure the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, its results are compared to those of the previous methods available in the literature, such as SPEA2, NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms. Thereafter, two truss structural examples considering bi-objective functions are optimized. The performance of the proposed algorithm is more accurate and requires a lower computational cost than the other considered algorithms. In addition, the present methodology uses simple formulation and does not require internal parameter tuning.
Highlights A new population-based algorithm is presented for multi-objective optimization. The algorithm is based on the recently developed single-solution colliding bodies optimization (CBO). The proposed multi-objective colliding bodies optimization is abbreviated as MOCBO. MOCBO utilizes the maximin fitness procedure for sorting the agents. A series of well-known test functions and number of objective functions are studied. The MOCBO is more accurate and requires lower computational cost. The MOCBO method uses simple formulation and requires no internal parameter tuning.
Use of vaccines and factors associated with their uptake variability in dogs, cats and rabbits attending a large sentinel network of veterinary practices across Great Britain
Authors: Sánchez-Vizcaíno F. , Muniesa A. , Singleton D. A. , Jones P. H. , Noble P. J. , Gaskell R. M. , Dawson S. , Radford A. D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVaccination remains a mainstay of companion animal population health. However, how vaccine use at a population level complies with existing guidelines is unknown. Here we use electronic health records to describe vaccination in dogs, cats and rabbits attending a large sentinel network of UK veterinary practices. In total, 77.9% (95% CI: 77.6–78.1) of animals had recorded vaccinations. The percentage of animals with recorded vaccinations was higher in dogs, neutered animals, in insured dogs and cats and in purebred dogs. Vaccination rates varied in different regions of Great Britain in all species. Dogs and cats belonging to owners living in less deprived areas of England and Scotland were more likely to be recorded as vaccinated. In the vaccinated population, cats received more core vaccines per year of life (0.86) than dogs (0.75), with feline leukaemia vaccines almost as frequent as core vaccines. In dogs, leptospira vaccines were more frequent than core vaccines. This descriptive study suggests a substantial proportion of animals are not benefiting from vaccine protection. For the first time, we identify potential factors associated with variations in recorded vaccination frequency, providing a critical baseline against which to monitor future changes in companion animal vaccination and evidence to inform future targeted health interventions.
Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (hRPE) Sheets: A Search for Suitable Storage Conditions
Authors: Khan Ayyad Z. , Utheim Tor P. , Reppe Sjur , Sandvik Leiv , Lyberg Torstein , Roald Borghild B.-H. , Ibrahim Ibrahim B. , Eidet Jon R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe advancement of human retinal pigment epithelial cell (hRPE) replacement therapy is partly dependent on optimization of cell culture, cell preservation, and storage medium. This study was undertaken to search for a suitable storage temperature and storage medium for hRPE. hRPE monolayer sheets were cultured under standard conditions at 37°C and then randomized for storage at six temperatures (4, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 37°C) for 7 days. After revealing a suitable storage temperature, hRPE sheets were subsequently stored with and without the silk protein sericin added to the storage medium. Live/dead assay, light microscopy, pH, and phenotypic expression of various proteins were used to assess cell cultures stored at different temperatures. After 7 days of storage, hRPE morphology was best preserved at 4°C. Addition of sericin to the storage medium maintained the characteristic morphology of the preserved cells, and improved pigmentation and levels of pigmentation-related proteins in the cultured hRPE sheets following a 7-day storage period at 4°C.
Controlling symmetry and localization with an artificial gauge field in a disordered quantum system
Authors: Hainaut Clément , Manai Isam , Clément Jean-François , Garreau Jean Claude , Szriftgiser Pascal , Lemarié Gabriel , Cherroret Nicolas , Delande Dominique , Chicireanu Radu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnderson localization, the absence of diffusion in disordered media, draws its origins from the destructive interference between multiple scattering paths. The localization properties of disordered systems are expected to be dramatically sensitive to their symmetries. So far, this question has been little explored experimentally. Here we investigate the realization of an artificial gauge field in a synthetic (temporal) dimension of a disordered, periodically driven quantum system. Tuning the strength of this gauge field allows us to control the parity–time symmetry properties of the system, which we probe through the experimental observation of three symmetry-sensitive signatures of localization. The first two are the coherent backscattering, marker of weak localization, and the recently predicted coherent forward scattering, genuine interferential signature of Anderson localization. The third is the direct measurement of the β(g) scaling function in two different symmetry classes, allowing to demonstrate its universality and the one-parameter scaling hypothesis.
The ASIC3/P2X3 cognate receptor is a pain-relevant and ligand-gated cationic channel
Authors: Stephan Gabriele , Huang Lumei , Tang Yong , Vilotti Sandra , Fabbretti Elsa , Yu Ye , Nörenberg Wolfgang , Franke Heike , Gölöncsér Flóra , Sperlágh Beáta , Dopychai Anke , Hausmann Ralf , Schmalzing Günther , Rubini Patrizia , Illes Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo subclasses of acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC3) and of ATP-sensitive P2X receptors (P2X3Rs) show a partially overlapping expression in sensory neurons. Here we report that both recombinant and native receptors interact with each other in multiple ways. Current measurements with the patch-clamp technique prove that ASIC3 stimulation strongly inhibits the P2X3R current partly by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. The proton-binding site is critical for this effect and the two receptor channels appear to switch their ionic permeabilities during activation. Co-immunoprecipation proves the close association of the two protein structures. BN-PAGE and SDS-PAGE analysis is also best reconciled with the view that ASIC3 and P2X3Rs form a multiprotein structure. Finally, in vivo measurements in rats reveal the summation of pH and purinergically induced pain. In conclusion, the receptor subunits do not appear to form a heteromeric channel, but tightly associate with each other to form a protein complex, mediating unidirectional inhibition.