bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the effect pattern of moisture on the oxidized combustion of ventilation air methane
Authors: Chen Yankun , Hao Chaoyu , Liu Sai , Li Yongen , Yang Wangrui , Gao Jianwei , Jiao Lifan , Qi Jiaji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVentilation air methane (VAM) is one of the main greenhouse gas sources. Owing to the characteristics of low concentration of ventilation air methane and high moisture content, we build an experimental platform and take the oxidative combustion temperature and methane conversion rate as the research indexes, and the systematic research finds that the inhibitory effect of moisture on the oxidative combustion of ultra‐low concentration of methane (<1%) is a nonlinear polynomial law. In the meantime, we constructed OH(H2O)n+CH4 and studied its reaction potential energy surface using quantum chemical calculations, which used the most significant primitive reaction of methane combustion, OH+CH4→H2O+CH3, as the theoretical basis. We found that as moisture content increased, so did its reaction energy barrier, making the reactants more stable, strengthening the three‐body collision effect, and reducing the number of free radicals, all of which hindered the methane chain reaction. The study aimed to validate the experimental finding that moisture inhibits the oxidative combustion of ventilation air methane by examining the internal mechanism of methane oxidation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pandemic COVID‐19 as a challenge for telemedicine in the Czech Republic
Authors: Angelovská Olga , Dobiášová Karolína , Těšinová Jolana Kopsa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 Pandemic contributed to accelerating the process of using information and communication technologies and digital technologies in healthcare management and delivery within healthcare systems. At that time, the Czech healthcare system faced the same problems as other European systems and struggled with a temporary limitation of direct provision of healthcare services. It was solved by switching to telemedicine. The Czech healthcare system used telemedicine to a minimal extent until then. Despite adopting the law on healthcare digitisation, it is still one of the countries with a lower level of digitisation of healthcare processes. The article presents the results of an exploratory expert investigation focused on the implementation and development of telemedicine in the Czech Republic. The conducted research aimed to identify problems related to the implementation of telemedicine in practice, place them in the broader framework of the healthcare system and structure them, propose possible solutions, and identify the future challenges of telemedicine in the Czech Republic. We based our study on the results of a three‐phase QUAL‐QUAN‐QUAL research. Data collection in the first phase took the form of individual semi‐structured interviews with patients (25) with practical experience in the field of telemedicine, followed by the second quantitative phase of the questionnaire survey with patients (650). The third qualitative phase included semi‐structured interviews with experts (17) with practical experience in telemedicine. The introduction and expansion of telemedicine require several fundamental changes. These include adjustments to the legislative environment and changes to the technological infrastructure, organisation of care and work. Several barriers have been identified at the healthcare system level, healthcare providers, healthcare professionals and patients.
A Thorough Navigation of miRNA's Blueprint in Crafting Cardiovascular Fate
Authors: Nazir Abubakar , Uwishema Olivier , Shariff Sanobar , Franco William Xochitun Gopar , El Masri Noha , Ayele Nitsuh Dejene , Munyangaju Isabelle , Alzain Fatima Esam , Wojtara Magda 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCardiovascular diseases contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs are crucial in the development and progression of these diseases by regulating gene expression in various cells and tissues. Their roles in conditions like atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias have been widely researched.Materials and MethodsThe present study provides an overview of existing evidence regarding miRNAs' role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, the study examines current state‐of‐the‐art technologies used in the study of miRNAs in cardiovascular disease. As a final point, we examine how miRNAs may serve as disease biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and prognostic indicators.ResultsIn cardiology, microRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules, are crucial to the posttranscriptional regulation of genes. Their role in regulating cardiac cell differentiation and maturation is critical during the development of the heart. They maintain the cardiac function of an adult heart by contributing to its electrical and contractile activity. By binding to messenger RNA molecules, they inhibit protein translation or degrade mRNA. Several cardiovascular diseases are associated with dysregulation of miRNAs, including arrhythmias, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. miRNAs can be used as biomarkers to diagnose and predict diseases as well as therapeutic targets. A variety of state‐of‐the‐art technologies have aided researchers in discovering, profiling, and analyzing miRNAs, including microarray analysis, next‐generation sequencing, and others.ConclusionDeveloping new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches is becoming more feasible as researchers refine their understanding of miRNA function. Ultimately, this will reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease around the world.
Current Updates on Variants of SARS‐CoV‐ 2: Systematic Review
Authors: Erkihun Mulat , Ayele Bayu , Asmare Zelalem , Endalamaw Kirubel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has become a pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is an enveloped, unsegmented, positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae.AimThe objective of this review is to conduct a qualitative analysis of the current updates on epidemiology, evolution, and vaccine variants for SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodThe search strategy was done from the database based on the PRISMA criteria for qualitative analysis of this review. Literature on variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, published in English in the last 5 years (2019–2023), were included. From 179 a total of 105 articles were reviewed, searched, and retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed. The search was done using keywords like COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, variants, mutations, and vaccines, and articles were managed using EndNote X8 software. The scope of view for this review was the course of the pandemic by emerging variants and how man is struggling to overcome this sudden pandemic through vaccines. The narrative skeleton was constructed based on the article's scope of view.ResultFrom the parent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, many variants emerged during the course of this pandemic. They are mainly categorized into two variants: variants of interest and variants of concern based on the impact on public health. The World Health Organization leveled five variants: Alpha (strain B.1.1.7), Beta (strain B.1.351), Gamma (strain P.1), Delta (strain B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529).ConclusionsIt is crucial to stay informed about the latest developments in the understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, as new variants can emerge and impact the course of the pandemic. Health authorities and researchers continuously have to monitor and study these variants to assess their characteristics, transmissibility, severity, and the effectiveness of vaccines against them. One has to always refer to the latest information from reputable health journals or organizations for the most up‐to‐date and accurate details on COVID‐19 variants.
Climate and political effects on agriculture: Empirical evidence from SSA
Authors: Feye Defaru Adugna , Beyene Amsalu Bedemo , Kumar Suchitra Krishna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe most of Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries have been affected by climate change and food insecurity problems due to the reduction of production and productivity of cereal crops in the continent. The purpose of this research was to examine the short‐run and long‐run effects of climate change on agricultural productivity in 24 selected SSA countries. In the study, a systematic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Model was used with recent data from 24 SSA countries from 2001 to 2020. The panel regression result revealed that temperature and precipitation showed positive significant effects whereas carbon dioxide emission had negatively influenced the cereal crop productivity in the region. Specifically, the empirical result indicates that a one percent increase in precipitation increases cereal crop productivity by 0.27%. The empirical result of the GMM model revealed that political stability, temperature, GDP per capita, trade openness, carbon dioxide emission, fertilizer consumption, and precipitation have both short‐run and long‐run effects, while precipitation has only a short‐run effect on agricultural productivity in the study area. A key implication of this work is the realization of the lagging effects of climate change in determining cereal crop production and productivity. This study was unable to include all SSA countries because the excluded countries did not have sufficient data on the selected variables in the study. Hence, adopting high‐temperature and drought‐resistant types of enhanced cereal crops is advised to combat the negative effects of climate change in the study area.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Lower Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Bagley G. A. , Ackroyd V. J. , Cavigelli M. A. , White K. E. , Schomberg H. H. , Law E. P. , Bejleri K. , Hively W. D. , Fischel M. H. H. , Maul J. E. , Hapeman C. J. , McCarty G. W. , Dulaney W. , Timlin D. J. , Mirsky S. B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Lower Chesapeake Bay (LCB) Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) Common Experiment (CE) located in Beltsville, MD, focuses on research of concern to producers of the major regional crops, which are corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and various forage species. Livestock production in the region includes broiler and laying chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) and dairy and beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). The LCB region is among the most heavily populated in the United States. Urban development pressure is high for both farms and natural areas. The need to restore Chesapeake Bay water quality is a major influence on regional agricultural practices. Conservation practices such as cover cropping, no‐till agriculture, and nutrient management planning are more common in the region compared to nationally. However, farmers still face management challenges implementing practices that address water quality and the rise of herbicide‐resistant weeds. Researchers at the LCB site recognize the need to protect the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays and maintain farmer profitability. The LCB CE compares a 3‐year crop rotation system featuring alternative crop management (cover crop intensification, crop rotation diversification, and integrated weed management [IWM]) with a prevailing 2‐year system (no cover crops and no IWM), both under continuous no‐tillage, to identify the optimal balance to promote the sustainability of regional cropping systems. The LTAR LCB site provides data‐driven tools and solutions to support farmers in the mid‐Atlantic region.
Extracellular vesicles from human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural stem cells alleviate proinflammatory cascades within disease‐associated microglia in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Madhu Leelavathi N. , Kodali Maheedhar , Upadhya Raghavendra , Rao Shama , Somayaji Yogish , Attaluri Sahithi , Shuai Bing , Kirmani Maha , Gupta Shreyan , Maness Nathaniel , Rao Xiaolan , Cai James J. , Shetty Ashok K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs current treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) lack disease‐modifying interventions, novel therapies capable of restraining AD progression and maintaining better brain function have great significance. Anti‐inflammatory extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived neural stem cells (NSCs) hold promise as a disease‐modifying biologic for AD. This study directly addressed this issue by examining the effects of intranasal (IN) administrations of hiPSC‐NSC‐EVs in 3‐month‐old 5xFAD mice. IN administered hiPSC‐NSC‐EVs incorporated into microglia, including plaque‐associated microglia, and encountered astrocyte soma and processes in the brain. Single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed transcriptomic changes indicative of diminished activation of microglia and astrocytes. Multiple genes linked to disease‐associated microglia, NOD‐, LRR‐, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3)‐inflammasome and interferon‐1 (IFN‐1) signalling displayed reduced expression in microglia. Adding hiPSC‐NSC‐EVs to cultured human microglia challenged with amyloid‐beta oligomers resulted in similar effects. Astrocytes also displayed reduced expression of genes linked to IFN‐1 and interleukin‐6 signalling. Furthermore, the modulatory effects of hiPSC‐NSC‐EVs on microglia in the hippocampus persisted 2 months post‐EV treatment without impacting their phagocytosis function. Such effects were evidenced by reductions in microglial clusters and inflammasome complexes, concentrations of mediators, and end products of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the expression of genes and/or proteins involved in the activation of p38/mitogen‐activated protein kinase and IFN‐1 signalling, and unaltered phagocytosis function. The extent of astrocyte hypertrophy, amyloid‐beta plaques, and p‐tau were also reduced in the hippocampus. Such modulatory effects of hiPSC‐NSC‐EVs also led to better cognitive and mood function. Thus, early hiPSC‐NSC‐EV intervention in AD can maintain better brain function by reducing adverse neuroinflammatory signalling cascades, amyloid‐beta plaque load, and p‐tau. These results reflect the first demonstration of the efficacy of hiPSC‐NSC‐EVs to restrain neuroinflammatory signalling cascades in an AD model by inducing transcriptomic changes in activated microglia and reactive astrocytes.
A novel multiplexed immunoassay for surface‐exposed proteins in plasma extracellular vesicles
Authors: Tordoff Emma , Allen Jillian , Elgart Katya , Elsherbini Ahmed , Kalia Vrinda , Wu Haotian , Eren Erden , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Gololobova Olesia , Witwer Kenneth , Volpert Olga , Eitan Erez 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmall membranous extracellular vesicles (EV) incorporate proteins and nucleic acids from the parent cell. Proteins exposed on EV surface are dictated by cellular origin and biogenesis pathway. To better understand the EV origin and function, it is important to develop methods that reveal surface protein composition of heterogeneous EV populations in culture supernatants and in biofluids. Tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81 are common and abundant EV markers. However, their relative enrichment (profile) on EVs of specific cellular origins is not fully elucidated. We introduce LuminEV, a novel version of the Luminex assay for the multiplexed analysis of EV surface proteins. Optimized LuminEV reagents enable direct, specific, and sensitive measurements of EV markers in biofluids and in culture supernatants, bypassing EV isolation step. LuminEV assay for CD9, CD63, and CD81 was validated by comparing simplex and multiplex measurements, establishing linearity, spike‐in recovery, inter‐ and intra‐assay precision, and reproducibility between operators. LuminEV measurements of CD9, CD63, and CD81 in conditioned media from 15 cell lines revealed strong variations between cell types and showed high sensitivity, which enabled EV detection without prior concentration. Using tetraspanin levels as a readout, we noted suppression and induction of EV release from the cultured cells by GW6869 and monensin. Measurement of EV CD9, CD63, and CD81 in blood plasma from 70 disease‐free donors showed respective abundance of 72, 16, and 12%. CD63 displayed weak, albeit significant, negative correlation with age and was slightly lower in female samples. The assay was then used to detect cell type‐specific EV surface markers, including CD235a (erythrocytes), GAP43 (neurons), and CD68 (macrophages), and to detect differences in tetraspanin profiles between healthy and diseased donors. In summary, LuminEV offers robust and sensitive approach for multiplexed assessment of EV surface proteins, to facilitate the research into EV biology, biomarker, and therapeutic applications.
Pre‐exposure prophylaxis implementation gaps among people vulnerable to HIV acquisition: a cross‐sectional analysis in two communities in western Kenya, 2021–2023
Authors: Romo Matthew L. , Schluck Glenna , Kosgei Josphat , Akoth Christine , Bor Rael , Langat Deborah , Charles Curtisha , Adjei Paul , Gayle Britt , LeeVan Elyse , Chang David , Yates Adam , Yacovone Margaret , Ake Julie A. , Sawe Fred , Crowell Trevor A. ,   for the Multinational Observational Cohort of HIV and other Infections (MOCHI) Study Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite the increasing availability of prevention tools like pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), HIV incidence remains disproportionately high in sub‐Saharan Africa. We examined PrEP awareness, uptake and persistence among participants enrolling into an HIV incidence cohort in Kenya.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional enrolment data from the Multinational Observational Cohort of HIV and other Infections (MOCHI) in Homa Bay and Kericho, Kenya. The cohort recruited individuals aged 14–55 years with a recent history of sexually transmitted infection, transactional sex, condomless sex and/or injection drug use. Participants completed questionnaires on PrEP, demographics and sexual behaviours. We used multivariable robust Poisson regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with never hearing of PrEP, never taking PrEP and ever stopping PrEP.ResultsBetween 12/2021 and 5/2023, 399 participants attempted the PrEP questionnaire, of whom 316 (79.2%) were female and median age was 22 years (interquartile range 19–24); 316 of 390 participants (81.0%) engaged in sex work or transactional sex. Of 396 participants who responded to the question, 120 (30.3%) had never heard of PrEP. Of 275 participants who had heard of PrEP, 206 (74.9%) had never taken it. Of 69 participants who had ever taken PrEP, 50 (72.5%) stopped it at some time prior to enrolment. Participants aged 15–19 years more often reported never taking PrEP compared with those 25–36 years (aPR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06–1.61). Participants who knew someone who took PrEP less often reported never hearing about PrEP (aPR 0.10, 95% CI: 0.04–0.23) and never taking PrEP (aPR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60–0.80). Stopping PrEP was more common among participants with a weekly household income ≤1000 versus >1000 Kenyan shillings (aPR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.93) and those using alcohol/drugs before sex (aPR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03–2.26). Stopping PrEP was less common among those engaging in sex work or transactional sex (aPR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.40–0.92).ConclusionsWe identified substantial gaps in PrEP awareness, uptake and persistence, which were associated with potential system‐ and individual‐level risk factors. Our analyses also highlight the importance of increasing PrEP engagement among individuals who do not know others taking PrEP.
Excess mortality attributable to AIDS among people living with HIV in high‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trickey Adam , Ambia Julie , Glaubius Robert , van Schalkwyk Cari , Imai‐Eaton Jeffrey W. , Korenromp Eline L. , Johnson Leigh F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying strategies to further reduce AIDS‐related mortality requires accurate estimates of the extent to which mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is due to AIDS‐related or non‐AIDS‐related causes. Existing approaches to estimating AIDS‐related mortality have quantified AIDS‐related mortality as total mortality among PLHIV in excess of age‐ and sex‐matched mortality in populations without HIV. However, recent evidence suggests that, with high antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, a growing proportion of excess mortality among PLHIV is non‐AIDS‐related.MethodsWe searched Embase on 22/09/2023 for English language studies that contained data on AIDS‐related mortality rates among adult PLHIV and age‐matched comparator all‐cause mortality rates among people without HIV. We extracted data on the number and rates of all‐cause and AIDS‐related deaths, demographics, ART use and AIDS‐related mortality definitions. We calculated the proportion of excess mortality among PLHIV that is AIDS‐related. The proportion of excess mortality due to AIDS was pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsOf 4485 studies identified by the initial search, eight were eligible, all from high‐income settings: five from Europe, one from Canada, one from Japan and one from South Korea. No studies reported on mortality among only untreated PLHIV. One study included only PLHIV on ART. In all studies, most PLHIV were on ART by the end of follow‐up. Overall, 1,331,742 person‐years and 17,471 deaths were included from PLHIV, a mortality rate of 13.1 per 1000 person‐years. Of these deaths, 7721 (44%) were AIDS‐related, an overall AIDS‐related mortality rate of 5.8 per 1000 person‐years. The mean overall mortality rate among the general population was 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8–4.0) per 1000 person‐years. The meta‐analysed percentage of excess mortality that was AIDS‐related was 53% (95% CI: 45–61%); 52% (43–60%) in Western and Central Europe and North America, and 71% (69–74%) in the Asia‐Pacific region.DiscussionAlthough we searched all regions, we only found eligible studies from high‐income countries, mostly European, so, the generalizability of these results to other regions and epidemic settings is unknown.ConclusionsAround half of the excess mortality among PLHIV in high‐income regions was non‐AIDS‐related. An emphasis on preventing and treating comorbidities linked to non‐AIDS mortality among PLHIV is required.
Fabrication of interfacial crystallized oleogel emulsion for quercetin delivery with enhanced environmental stability and bioaccessibility
Authors: Zhang Dian , Zhong Ruimin , Liao Ziying , Wang Xin , Xiang Pengcheng , Zhang Ao , Su Nan , Cao Yong , Lan Yaqi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuercetin is a flavonoid compound with numerous bioactivities. However, the low solubility, easy degradation and low bioaccessibility limit its application. In this study, a novel interfacial crystallized oleogel emulsion was fabricated, where beeswax was used as the oleogelator, for quercetin encapsulation with enhanced stability and bioaccessibility.RESULTSThe process of interfacial crystallization was investigated using interfacial rheology and polarized microscopy, with a positive correlation between crystal density and beeswax content in the oil phase. Emulsion stability was directly linked to beeswax concentration in the oil phase, with 100 mg g−1 showing enhanced stability under storage, UVB light exposure and ionic conditions. Beeswax addition significantly increased the quercetin loading capacity of the emulsion; particularly, at a 200 mg g−1 beeswax concentration, the loading capacity was improved by 285.55%, and the environmental stability was enhanced against UV light and Ca2+. Ultimately, in vitro simulated digestion experiment indicated improved bioaccessibility of quercetin.CONCLUSIONSThis strategy significantly enriched the formulation of oleogel emulsion and its potential applications in delivering bioactive ingredients with high environmental vulnerability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.