bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring diel and spatial variation in biogenic N2 delivery, production, and loss with natural tracers: Application to watershed‐scale estimation of denitrification
Authors: Knee Karen L. , Gardner John , Brenner Dana C. , Fox Rebecca J. , Thompson Joshua , Gustafson Anne B. , Fisher Thomas R. , Jordan Thomas E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComplete understanding of the nitrogen cycle is hindered by the challenges of measuring denitrification at watershed scales. Here, we refine the open‐channel approach, a fundamental field method in stream biogeochemistry that can be used to quantify denitrification in streams based on N2 and N2O production. We explicitly consider biogenic, groundwater‐derived N2 inputs to a stream, investigate patterns of diel and spatial variability in stream N2 fluxes, and explore the use of two potential natural tracers of gas exchange, argon and radon, in place of the artificial tracers often employed in open‐channel studies. We conducted two open‐channel studies, 12 h and 24 h in duration, in a channelized stream on the eastern shore of Maryland. Twenty‐two to forty‐three percent of total N2 inputs from groundwater and stream sediments to the stream were biogenic, with the remainder coming from atmospheric N2 in groundwater recharge. Of biogenic N2 (bN2) inputs, 37–100% came from groundwater and the remaining 0–63% were from in‐stream production. Radon can be measured continuously in the field and, unlike other potential natural tracers of gas exchange (Ar and O2), has a negligible atmospheric concentration. This provides more consistent estimates of the evasion coefficient K (min−1) and lower uncertainty than argon. Furthermore, the relative constancy of N2 fluxes during nighttime hours suggested the possibility of a simplified radon‐based sampling procedure requiring ∼ 6–8 h per site. This approach enables quantification of bN2 at many points within a stream system and estimation of watershed‐scale bN2 fluxes from stream beds and inflowing groundwater.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of children with cancer in the English‐speaking Caribbean: A multinational retrospective cohort
Authors: Gibson T. N. , Beeput S. , Gaspard J. , George C. , Gibson D. , Jackson N. , Leandre‐Broome V. , Palmer‐Mitchell N. , Alexis C. , Bird‐Compton J. , Bodkyn C. , Boyle R. , McLean‐Salmon S. , Reece‐Mills M. , Quee‐Brown C. Sin , Allen U. , Weitzman S. , Blanchette V. , Gupta S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnglish‐speaking Caribbean (ESC) childhood cancer outcomes are unknown.ProcedureThrough the SickKids‐Caribbean Initiative (SCI), we established a multicenter childhood cancer database across seven centers in six ESC countries. Data managers entered patient demographics, disease, treatment, and outcome data. Data collection commenced in 2013, with retrospective collection to 2011 and subsequent prospective collection.ResultsA total of 367 children were diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 with a median age of 5.7 years (interquartile range 2.9–10.6 years). One hundred thirty (35.4%) patients were diagnosed with leukemia, 30 (8.2%) with lymphoma, and 149 (40.6%) with solid tumors. A relative paucity of children with brain tumors was seen (N = 58, 15.8%). Two‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for the cohort was 48.5% ± 3.2%; 2‐year overall survival (OS) was 55.1% ± 3.1%. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Wilms tumor (WT) experienced better 2‐year EFS (62.1% ± 6.4% and 66.7% ± 10.1%), while dismal outcomes were seen in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 22.7 ± 9.6%), rhabdomyosarcoma (21.0% ± 17.0%), and medulloblastoma (21.4% ± 17.8%). Of 108 deaths with known cause, 58 (53.7%) were attributed to disease and 50 (46.3%) to treatment complications. Death within 60 days of diagnosis was relatively common in acute leukemia [13/98 (13.3%) ALL, 8/26 (30.8%) AML]. Despite this, traditional prognosticators adversely impacted outcome in ALL, including higher age, higher white blood cell count, and T‐cell lineage.ConclusionsESC childhood cancer outcomes are significantly inferior to high‐income country outcomes. Based on these data, interventions for improving supportive care and modifying treatment protocols are under way. Continued data collection will allow evaluation of interventions and ensure maximal outcome improvements.
Thiazide but not loop diuretics is associated with hypomagnesaemia in the general population
Authors: Kieboom Brenda C.T. , Zietse Robert , Ikram M. Arfan , Hoorn Ewout J. , Stricker Bruno H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeHypomagnesaemia has been associated with various adverse outcomes. Loop and thiazide diuretics promote urinary magnesium excretion. However, it is unknown if this links to hypomagnesaemia. We study if loop or thiazide diuretic use affects serum magnesium levels and if it associates with hypomagnesaemia. In addition, we study the effect of combining a potassium‐sparing diuretic with a thiazide diuretic on the presence of hypomagnesaemia.MethodsThe study performed a cross‐sectional analysis within 9820 participants from the prospective Rotterdam Study. Hypomagnesaemia was defined as a serum magnesium level ≤0.72 mmol/L. Participants were categorized by defined daily dose (DDD), and all analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, eGFR, serum potassium levels, proton pump inhibitor use, and comorbidities.ResultsLoop diuretic use was associated with higher serum magnesium levels (<1 DDD: 0.004 mmol/L 95% CI: −0.008; 0.017; 1 DDD: 0.023 mmol/L 95% CI: 0.013; 0.032; >1 DDD: 0.043 mmol/L 95% CI: 0.028; 0.057). Thiazide diuretic use was associated with lower serum magnesium levels (<1 DDD: −0.013 mmol/L 95% CI: −0.023; −0.002; ≥1 DDD: −0.018 mmol/L 95% CI: −0.028; −0.010), resulting in an increased odds ratio of hypomagnesaemia of 3.14 (95% CI: 1.67; 5.92) and 2.74 (95% CI: 1.57; 4.77), respectively. These effects were predominantly seen in participants using diuretics for more than 390 days. Combining thiazide diuretics with a potassium‐sparing agent was not associated with lower serum magnesium levels or hypomagnesaemia.ConclusionsThiazide diuretic use is associated with lower serum magnesium levels and an increased risk of hypomagnesaemia. This increased risk is not seen in participants using a combination of thiazide diuretics with a potassium‐sparing agent. The use of loop diuretics is not associated with an increased risk of hypomagnesaemia.
Physicochemical properties of reduced graphite oxide conglomerated polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Toh Guat Yee , Ong Hui Lin , Bindumadhavan Kartick , Doong Ruey‐an 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe variation in physicochemical properties on incorporation of unmodified reduced graphite oxide (rGO) into a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix has received much attention. Herein, a simple method is developed for the fabrication of LDPE/rGO nanocomposites using a solvent casting method. The UV‐visible spectra showed that addition of rGO can effectively cut off the short‐wavelength UV‐B light, which resists the occurrence of photoreaction. The stiffness of the LDPE/rGO nanocomposites was improved by 45% with an increase of modulus of elasticity as the rGO content increases. This is slightly opposite to the small decrease of the nanocomposite tensile strength. The addition of rGO to LDPE improved the thermal stability and degree of crystallization of LDPE/rGO nanocomposites when the rGO content increases from 0.025 to 1 wt%. The gas barrier property was also improved by 26% with 0.3 wt% of rGO. The dielectric property of the LDPE/rGO nanocomposites was also evaluated for industrial electronics application and the dielectric constant increases 50% compared with the neat LDPE when 0.1–1 wt% rGO was added. Results obtained clearly indicate the feasibility of using unmodified rGO to improve the properties of LDPE matrix for meeting the performance requirements for intended use in packaging industries. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
PV‐GO: A multiobjective and robust optimization approach for the grid metallization design of Si‐based solar cells and modules
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gallegos Carlos D. , Singh Jai Prakash , Yacob Ali Jaffar Moideen , Gandhi Oktoviano , Nalluri Srinath , Kumar Abhishek , Shanmugam Vinodh , Aguilar Ma. Luisa , Bieri Monika , Reindl Thomas , Panda S. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new optimization approach for the metallization design of solar cells and modules. While previous works have only optimized a maximum of two parameters at a time (which might lead to the loss of the optimal solution), we developed a graphic user interface tool in MATLAB called Photovoltaic Grid Optimizer (PV‐GO) which is able to optimize several parameters in parallel (fingers, busbars, silver pads, and ribbons) with the objectives to enhance the efficiency of the solar cell/module and to reduce the silver consumption. The fabrication cost is subsequently estimated. Two multiobjective optimization algorithms are used: Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) and Multi‐objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) as well as a robust condition to ensure that the results are not severely affected by slight changes on the input parameters. The solar cell/module performance is estimated based on the two‐diode model considering the influence of the optimization variables under standard test conditions (STC). To evaluate our methodology, we present the optimization design for industrial Cz‐Si–based p‐type Al‐BSF monofacial and PERT bifacial, full‐cell (15.6 × 15.6 cm2) and half‐cell (15.6 × 7.8 cm2), solar cells and modules. Our methodology provides an optimal design suitable for different market situations that should be considered by the PV manufactures to enhance their electrical performance and reduce their silver consumption, and ultimately improve their profitability.
Proteome Profiles of Head Kidney and Spleen of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: Kumar Gokhlesh , Hummel Karin , Razzazi‐Fazeli Ebrahim , El‐Matbouli Mansour 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe head kidney and spleen are major lymphoid organs of the teleost fish. The authors identify proteome profiles of head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a shotgun proteomic approach. Gene ontology annotation of proteins is predicted using bioinformatic tools. This study represents detailed proteome profiles of head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout, with a total of 3241 and 2542 proteins identified, respectively. It is found that lymphoid organs are equipped with a variety of functional proteins related to defense, receptor, signal transduction, antioxidant, cytoskeleton, transport, binding, and metabolic processes. The identified proteome profiles will serve as a template for understanding lymphoid organ functions in salmonids and will increase the amount of spectra information of rainbow trout proteins in the public data repository PRIDE. This data can be accessed via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD008473 and PXD008478.
Proteomic Profiling Analysis of Male Infertility inSpodoptera LituraLarvae Challenged with Azadirachtin and its Potential‐Regulated Pathways in the Following Stages
Authors: Sun Ranran , Cui Gaofeng , Chen Yaoyao , Shu Benshui , Zhong Guohua , Yi Xin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBiopesticides are considered as an alternative to synthetic pesticide with a focus on increasing agricultural productivity as well as maintaining the ecosystem. Prior to application, its potential mechanism should be clearly addressed. Here, the effects of azadirachtin on the reproductive behavior in maleSpodoptera litura(Fabricius) are determined. To further explore its molecular mechanism, an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) based approach is applied to identify the differentially expressed proteins regulated by azadirachtin at two developmental stages. The results demonstrate that many proteins in the pathway of focal adhesion are regulated to exert influences in detachment of cell attachment, the loss of cell–cell interactions and inducing apoptosis at pupal stage, and many proteins in adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase pathway are also changed at the adult stage after azadirachtin‐treatment as larvae. Moreover, based on their important roles, it is suggested that some proteins, such as ACTB‐G1, ste20‐related adaptor protein alpha, and regulatory‐associated protein of mTOR (mTORC1) could serve as potential target proteins of azadirachtin to induce male infertility. The results of this study could provide evidence to illuminate the mechanism of male infertility induced by azadirachtin and potential targets for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides.
“Therapeutic applications of the ‘NPGP’ family of viral 2As”
Authors: Luke Garry A. , Ryan Martin D. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryOligopeptide “2A” and “2A‐like” sequences (“2As”; 18‐25aa) are found in a range of RNA virus genomes controlling protein biogenesis through “recoding” of the host‐cell translational apparatus. Insertion of multiple 2As within a single open reading frame (ORF) produces multiple proteins; hence, 2As have been used in a very wide range of biotechnological and biomedical applications. During translation, these 2A peptide sequences mediate a eukaryote‐specific, self‐“cleaving” event, termed “ribosome skipping” with very high efficiency. A particular advantage of using 2As is the ability to simultaneously translate a number of proteins at an equal level in all eukaryotic systems although, naturally, final steady‐state levels depend upon other factors—notably protein stability. By contrast, the use of internal ribosome entry site elements for co‐expression results in an unbalanced expression due to the relative inefficiency of internal initiation. For example, a 1:1 ratio is of particular importance for the biosynthesis of the heavy‐chain and light‐chain components of antibodies: highly valuable as therapeutic proteins. Furthermore, each component of these “artificial polyprotein” systems can be independently targeted to different sub‐cellular sites. The potential of this system was vividly demonstrated by concatenating multiple gene sequences, linked via 2A sequences, into a single, long, ORF—a polycistronic construct. Here, ORFs comprising the biosynthetic pathways for violacein (five gene sequences) and β‐carotene (four gene sequences) were concatenated into a single cistron such that all components were co‐expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. In this review, we provide useful information on 2As to serve as a guide for future utilities of this co‐expression technology in basic research, biotechnology, and clinical applications.
Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 5
Authors: Don Charleen G. , Smieško Martin 
Published: August 2018

The cover image, by Charleen G. Don and Martin Smieško, is based on the Advanced Review Out‐compute drug side effects: Focus on cytochrome P450 2D6 modeling, DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1366. Design Credit: Charleen G. Don
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Indirect monitoring of TORC1 signalling pathway reveals molecular diversity among different yeast strains
Authors: Kessi‐Pérez Eduardo I. , Salinas Francisco , Molinet Jennifer , González Asier , Muñiz Sara , Guillamón José M. , Hall Michael N. , Larrondo Luis F. , Martínez Claudio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is the main species responsible for the alcoholic fermentation in wine production. One of the main problems in this process is the deficiency of nitrogen sources in the grape must, which can lead to stuck or sluggish fermentations. Currently, yeast nitrogen consumption and metabolism are under active inquiry, with emphasis on the study of the TORC1 signalling pathway, given its central role responding to nitrogen availability and influencing growth and cell metabolism. However, the mechanism by which different nitrogen sources activates TORC1 is not completely understood. Existing methods to evaluate TORC1 activation by nitrogen sources are time‐consuming, making difficult the analyses of large numbers of strains. In this work, a new indirect method for monitoring TORC1 pathway was developed on the basis of the luciferase reporter gene controlled by the promoter region of RPL26A gene, a gene known to be expressed upon TORC1 activation. The method was tested in strains representative of the clean lineages described so far in S. cerevisiae. The activation of the TORC1 pathway by a proline‐to‐glutamine upshift was indirectly evaluated using our system and the traditional direct methods based on immunoblot (Sch9 and Rps6 phosphorylation). Regardless of the different molecular readouts obtained with both methodologies, the general results showed a wide phenotypic variation between the representative strains analysed. Altogether, this easy‐to‐use assay opens the possibility to study the molecular basis for the differential TORC1 pathway activation, allowing to interrogate a larger number of strains in the context of nitrogen metabolism phenotypic differences.
Acoustic emission characterization of sliding wear under condition of direct and inverse transformations in low-temperature degradation aged Y-TZP and Y-TZP-AL2O3
Authors: Savchenko Nikolai L. , Filippov Andrey V. , Tarasov Sergei Yu , Dmitriev Andrey I. , Shilko Evgeny V. , Grigoriev Aleksandr S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this research, results of the investigation of the sliding friction and wear of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) and Y-TZP-Al2O3 samples preliminarily subjected to low-temperature degradation are reported. The investigation was carried out using a pin-on-disk tribometer with simultaneous recording of acoustic emission (AE) and vibration acceleration. The sliding wear process was found to be determined by dynamic direct and inverse Y-TZP transformations detected by monoclinic and tetragonal X-ray diffraction peak ratios. The AE signals generated under direct and inverse transformations can be used to characterize wear and friction mechanisms as well as direct and inversed sliding-induced phase transformations. The AE signal energy grows with the friction coefficient and the inverse transformation degree. Reduction of the AE signal energy indicates establishing the mild wear stage caused by effective stress-induced direct martensitic transformation. The AE signal median frequency increases in the case of lower friction. Numerical studies of wear subsurface fracture under conditions of stress-induced martensitic transformation were used to elucidate the role played by the phase transformation in Y-TZP and Y-TZP-Al2O3. Martensitic transformation in Y-TZP was described with use of the non-associated dilatant plasticity model. Simulation results particularly show that increase in the value of dilatancy coefficient from 0 to 0.2 is accompanied by 25%−30% reduce in characteristic length and penetration depth of sliding-induced subsurface cracks. As shown the AE may be an effective tool for in-situ monitoring the subsurface wear of materials experiencing both direct and inverse transformations.
The conceptual relevance of assessment measures in patients with mild/mild‐moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hartry Ann , Aldhouse Natalie V.J. , Al‐Zubeidi Tamara , Sanon Myrlene , Stefanacci Richard G. , Knight Sarah L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to evaluate the conceptual relevance of four measures of disease activity in patients with mild/mild‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD): (1) the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale; (2) the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living Inventory; (3) the Neuropsychiatry Inventory; and (4) the Dependence Scale.MethodsA conceptual model depicting patient experience of mild AD was developed via literature review; concepts were compared with the items of the four measures. Relevance of the concepts included in the four measures was evaluated by patients with mild AD in a survey and follow‐up interviews.ResultsThe four measures assessed few of the symptoms/impacts of mild AD identified within the literature. Measured items addressing emotional impacts were deemed most relevant by participants but were included in the measures only superficially.DiscussionThe four assessment measures do not appear to capture the concepts most relevant to/important to patients with mild/mild‐moderate AD.
Dynamical sets whose union with infinity is connected
Authors: SIXSMITH DAVID J. 
Published: August 2018

Suppose that $f$ is a transcendental entire function. In 2011, Rippon and Stallard showed that the union of the escaping set with infinity is always connected. In this paper we consider the related question of whether the union with infinity of the bounded orbit set, or the bungee set, can also be connected. We give sufficient conditions for these sets to be connected and an example of a transcendental entire function for which all three sets are simultaneously connected. This function lies, in fact, in the Speiser class.It is known that for many transcendental entire functions the escaping set has a topological structure known as a spider’s web. We use our results to give a large class of functions in the Eremenko–Lyubich class for which the escaping set is not a spider’s web. Finally, we give a novel topological criterion for certain sets to be a spider’s web.
Network Neuroscience and Personality
Authors: Markett Sebastian , Montag Christian , Reuter Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPersonality and individual differences originate from the brain. Despite major advances in the affective and cognitive neurosciences, however, it is still not well understood how personality and single personality traits are represented within the brain. Most research on brain-personality correlates has focused either on morphological aspects of the brain such as increases or decreases in local gray matter volume, or has investigated how personality traits can account for individual differences in activation differences in various tasks. Here, we propose that personality neuroscience can be advanced by adding a network perspective on brain structure and function, an endeavor that we label personality network neuroscience.With the rise of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the establishment of connectomics as a theoretical framework for structural and functional connectivity modeling, and recent advancements in the application of mathematical graph theory to brain connectivity data, several new tools and techniques are readily available to be applied in personality neuroscience. The present contribution introduces these concepts, reviews recent progress in their application to the study of individual differences, and explores their potential to advance our understanding of the neural implementation of personality.Trait theorists have long argued that personality traits are biophysical entities that are not mere abstractions of and metaphors for human behavior. Traits are thought to actually exist in the brain, presumably in the form of conceptual nervous systems. A conceptual nervous system refers to the attempt to describe parts of the central nervous system in functional terms with relevance to psychology and behavior. We contend that personality network neuroscience can characterize these conceptual nervous systems on a functional and anatomical level and has the potential do link dispositional neural correlates to actual behavior.