bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermoscopic findings of Kaposi sarcoma and dermatopathological correlations
Authors: Ertürk Yılmaz Tuğçe , Akay Bengü Nisa , Okçu Heper Aylin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThere are a limited number of studies regarding the dermoscopic features and dermatopathological correlations of Kaposi sarcoma. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate dermoscopic features of Kaposi sarcoma, and the secondary objective was to investigate their dermatopathological correlates.MethodsDermoscopic and clinical analysis of 222 lesions from 38 patients with histologically confirmed Kaposi darcoma were assessed by two investigators. A total of 83 biopsies were available from different clinical stages. Additionally, 3 mm punch biopsy was performed where newly defined dermoscopic findings were observed. Modified pattern analysis algorithm was used for the dermoscopic evaluation.ResultsThe most common dermoscopic features of Kaposi sarcoma were white lines (55.9%) and white clods (37.8%) followed by surface scale (32.9%) and polychromatic colour change (22.1%). Four dot clods, white lines, white clods, collarette sign, serpentine vessels, dotted, curved and coiled vessels were the new dermoscopic findings of our study. Polychromatic colour change is correlated with the presence of hyaline globules probably with their birefringence properties, whereas we found no significant correlation between polychromatic colour change and honeycomb‐like pattern of vascular spaces.ConclusionsWhite lines, white clods, four dot clods, collarette sign, serpentine vessels, dotted, curved and coiled vessels are the new dermoscopic features of Kaposi sarcoma, and polychromatic colour change is correlated with the presence of hyaline globules.
“Nonsignificant” early repolarization pattern on postresuscitation ECG as a harbinger of impending electrical storm
Authors: Takasugi Nobuhiro , Kubota Tomoki , Okura Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report a 55‐year‐old man who was resuscitated from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and subsequently developed three episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) on the same day. Early repolarization (ER) pattern was not significant (<0.1 mV) on postresuscitation ECG. However, ER pattern became evident (0.25 mV) before the onset of VF and then completely disappeared. The unusual dynamics of ER pattern observed in the present case could be called “masked” ER syndrome.
Functional contribution of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate to airway pathology in cigarette smoke‐exposed mice
Authors: De Cunto Giovanna , Brancaleone Vincenzo , Riemma Maria Antonietta , Cerqua Ida , Vellecco Valentina , Spaziano Giuseppe , Cavarra Eleonora , Bartalesi Barbara , D'Agostino Bruno , Lungarella Giuseppe , Cirino Giuseppe , Lucattelli Monica , Roviezzo Fiorentina 
Published: September 2019

Background and PurposeA critical role for sphingosine kinase/sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) pathway in the control of airway function has been demonstrated in respiratory diseases. Here, we address S1P contribution in a mouse model of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Experimental ApproachC57BL/6J mice have been exposed to room air or cigarette smoke up to 11 months and killed at different time points. Functional and molecular studies have been performed.Key ResultsCigarette smoke caused emphysematous changes throughout the lung parenchyma coupled to a progressive collagen deposition in both peribronchiolar and peribronchial areas. The high and low airways showed an increased reactivity to cholinergic stimulation and α‐smooth muscle actin overexpression. Similarly, an increase in airway reactivity and lung resistances following S1P challenge occurred in smoking mice. A high expression of S1P, Sph‐K2, and S1P receptors (S1P2 and S1P3) has been detected in the lung of smoking mice. Sphingosine kinases inhibition reversed the increased cholinergic response in airways of smoking mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsS1P signalling up‐regulation follows the disease progression in smoking mice and is involved in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Our study defines a therapeutic potential for S1P inhibitors in management of airways hyperresponsiveness associated to emphysema in smokers with both asthma and COPD.
The connection between per capita alcohol consumption and alcohol‐specific mortality accounting for unrecorded alcohol consumption: The case of Finland 1975–2015
Authors: Norström Thor , Mäkelä Pia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsUnrecorded alcohol consumption has increased strongly in Finland after 1995 when the country joined the European Union. This development may have rendered alcohol sales less trustworthy as a proxy for population drinking, and less powerful as predictor of alcohol‐related harm. The study aims to test this contention by analyzing the association between recorded and unrecorded alcohol consumption on the one hand, and alcohol‐specific mortality on the other.Design and MethodsWe analysed age‐standardised rates of alcohol‐specific deaths for the working‐age (15–64 years) population. For alcohol consumption, we used (i) alcohol sales in litres of 100% alcohol per capita, and (ii) estimated unrecorded consumption in litres of 100% alcohol per capita. The data spanned the period 1975–2015. As the data were cointegrated, the relations between mortality and the alcohol indicators were estimated through time‐series analysis of the raw data.ResultsA one litre increase in alcohol sales was associated with an increase in alcohol‐specific deaths of 7.590 deaths per 100 000; the corresponding figure for unrecorded consumption was 9.112 deaths per 100 000. Both estimates were statistically significant (P < 0.001), but the difference between them was not significant (P = 0.293). Although recoded consumption captured the main feature of the trends in alcohol‐specific mortality, it accounted for only half of its marked increase in 1975–2007, while unrecorded consumption explained the remaining part.Discussion and ConclusionsOur study confirms previous findings that recorded alcohol consumption is an important determinant of alcohol‐specific mortality in Finland. A more novel insight is the importance of unrecorded consumption in this context.
Shifts in Labridae geographical distribution along a unique and dynamic coastline
Authors: Parker Jack R. C. , Saunders Benjamin J. , Bennett Scott , DiBattista Joseph D. , Shalders Tanika C. , Harvey Euan S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimCompare the distribution and composition of temperate Labridae (wrasse) assemblages on shallow water coastal reefs in South‐Western Australia between 2006 and 2015, after a decade characterized by both gradual ocean warming and severe heatwave events.LocationSouth‐Western Australia from Port Gregory to the Recherché Archipelago.MethodsSurveys of Labridae fishes were conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2015 across 112 reefs spanning 2,000 km of coastline, using diver‐operated stereo‐video systems (stereo‐DOVs). We used a hierarchical design with seven regions, four locations in each region, four reef sites in each location and twelve transects in each site.ResultsIn 2015, we found an increase in abundance of tropical and subtropical labrid species that were rarely observed in 2006. Three temperate species declined in abundance, which tended to be large and slow growing fish. Twenty‐two labrid species increased in abundance. There was also a discernible poleward shift in 20 of the 25 most abundant and representative labrid species from 2006 to 2015. The labrid community composition was explained predominantly by sea surface temperature (SST), physical reef structure and kelp (Ecklonia radiata) cover.Main conclusionsOur study reveals that labrid assemblages associated with the shallow water temperate reefs of South‐Western Australia have undergone rapid changes across almost 2,000 km of coastline, with warm‐temperate waters showing the strongest change. However, cool‐temperate waters on the south coast also showed significant changes in the composition of the labrid assemblages. Our findings provide important insights into the effects of warming and habitat loss on warm‐temperate assemblages and the potential trajectory of change for cool‐temperate assemblages under a warmer future.
Anticholinergic medications for reducing drooling in children with developmental disability
Authors: Reid Susan M , Westbury Christine , Guzys Angela T , Reddihough Dinah S 
Published: September 2019

AimTo determine: the effectiveness of three anticholinergic medications in reducing drooling in children with developmental disabilities (such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder), the frequency and nature of side effects, and their impact on treatment discontinuation.MethodAfter prescription of benzhexol hydrochloride, glycopyrrolate, or scopolamine patches at a tertiary saliva control clinic, all carers of 110 consecutive, eligible patients were recruited over a 5‐year period. They provided data for 52 weeks, or until drug discontinuation, on compliance, drooling, adverse effects, and reasons for cessation. We evaluated and compared best drooling response, side effects, and drug cessation rates using survival analysis, and the effect of baseline variables on the discontinuation rate using proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong 110 participants (71 males, 39 females; mean age 8y 5mo [SD 4y 3mo], range 1y 11mo–18y 11mo), benzhexol, glycopyrrolate, and scopolamine were prescribed 81, 62, and 17 times respectively, with respective response rates of 85%, 75%, and 65%. Poor head control and poor oromotor function were predictive of poor response. Side effects frequently prompted drug cessation in males more than females (hazard ratio 1.8 [95% confidence interval 1.0–3.2], p=0.048). Glycopyrrolate had the fewest side effects.InterpretationBenzhexol, glycopyrrolate, and scopolamine reduce drooling, but improvement is offset by adverse side effects. Overall, glycopyrrolate performs best.What this paper adds

In drooling, glycopyrrolate produced the greatest improvement with fewer side effects compared with benzhexol and scopolamine.

Poor head control and poor oromotor function were associated with poor response.

Medication side effects were common and often led to treatment discontinuation.

Behavioural issues instigated cessation of benzhexol more often in males than females.
Determinants of glycaemic outcome in the current practice of care for young people up to 21 years old with type 1 diabetes under real‐life conditions
Authors: Kordonouri O. , Lange K. , Biester T. , Datz N. , Kapitzke K. , von dem Berge T. , Weiskorn J. , Danne T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo determine factors influencing the success of treatment for type 1 diabetes, defined as HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (<7.5%), in a large paediatric cohort under real‐life conditions.MethodsThis is a monocentric observational study analysing the determinants of glycaemic outcome (sex, age, comorbidities, sociodemographic factors, diabetes technology) in an entire cohort of people with diabetes aged up to 21 years. Glycaemic outcome was defined as an individual's median HbA1c and the prevalence of acute complications over this period.ResultsOf 700 young people with type 1 diabetes [age 13.6 years (range: 1.4–20.9 years); diabetes duration 5.8 years (range: 0.1–18.3 years)], 63% were using an insulin pump and 32% any type of continuous glucose monitoring. Mean HbA1c was 61 mmol/mol [95% confidence interval (CI) 60–62; 7.7%, 95% CI 7.5–7.8]. Some 63% of children aged < 12 years reached HbA1c (58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) compared with 43% of older participants. The prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia was 2.41 events and that of diabetic ketoacidosis 1.4 events per 100 person‐years. Neither type of insulin therapy nor use of continuous glucose monitoring, sex or comorbidity with coeliac disease or thyroiditis was significantly associated with glycaemic outcome. However, age, diabetes duration, having a father not born in Germany, psychiatric comorbidities and family structure were associated with HbA1c.ConclusionsCurrent technologies and a multidisciplinary team approach allow high numbers of children and adolescents to realize tight glycaemic control with a low prevalence of acute complications. However, age‐related challenges, sociodemographic factors and psychological comorbidities are barriers to achieving best possible glycaemic outcome.
Age‐related changes in diastolic function in children: Echocardiographic association with vortex formation time
Authors: Kulkarni Aparna , Morisawa Daisuke , Gonzalez Daisy , Kheradvar Arash 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to understand the age‐related changes in vortex formation time (VFT) index in children, and thus, describe the ranges of VFT in different pediatric age groups with the ultimate goal of assessment of diastolic function.Methods and resultsTransthoracic echocardiograms in healthy (n = 84) subjects from birth to 20 years were analyzed to compute VFT and diastolic performance. LV apical and short‐axis views were used. Three separate measurements were performed, and the mean was used to derive VFT and other indices. Statistical comparisons were made amongst the groups, stratified by age.ResultsVortex formation times in neonates (median 1.79, interquartile range 1.31–1.92) and infants (1.38, 1.07–1.72) were found to be significantly lower (P < .05) than the older age groups (1–5 years 2.47, 1.87–2.94, 5–10 years 2.18, 1.89–2.53, 10–20 years 2.34, 1.84–2.96). The changes in VFT correlate to the changes in diastolic function in children.ConclusionOur results show that unlike adults, VFT changes along with the growth‐related myocardial adaptations in children, and its range may be used to evaluate diastolic function. The present study is the first to test the significance of the trans‐mitral VFT in children by comparing different age groups of healthy subjects.
Vector calibration in Australian desert ants, Melophorus bagoti: Effects of a delay after the acquisition of vector information
Authors: Lionetti Vito A. G. , Cheng Ken 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDesert ants navigate by using two chief strategies: path integration, keeping track of the straight‐line distance and direction to the starting point as they travel, and landmark guidance, orientation based on the visual panorama. Both Cataglyphis ants in North Africa and Melophorus bagoti in Central Australia are known to adjust their vectors derived from path integration to compensate for mismatches between their outbound direction of travel and (the reverse of) the inbound direction of travel that takes them home, a process known as vector calibration. We created mismatches of 90° between the outbound vector and the homebound direction by displacing ants from a feeder before their homebound run. We examined temporal factors in vector calibration by varying the delay (0, 1 or 3 hr) between the outbound run to the feeder and the homebound run from the displacement site. According to the temporal weighting rule, such a delay should decrease the weight given to the vector information obtained from the outbound run. This in turn should favour reliance on the visual panorama and thus speed up calibration. Results did not support this prediction. At the displacement site, a delay had little effect on the extent of calibration or the speed of calibration (the number of trials to reach maximum calibration). Just before being displaced, ants were also tested in a test ring surrounded by high walls that obliterated the visual scenery. In the test ring, a delay made the ants less likely to rely on their vector: ants were often not oriented as a group. Otherwise, the ants in the test ring also did not calibrate any more or any faster.
Producer Attitudes Toward Groundwater Conservation in the U.S. Ogallala‐High Plains
Authors: Lauer Stephen , Sanderson Matthew R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present descriptive findings on attitudes towards groundwater conservation and management from a survey of 1,226 producers farming in the High Plains/Ogallala aquifer region of the United States. We find that a super‐majority of producers agree that groundwater should be conserved rather than entirely depleted. The majority perceives groundwater depletion to be a serious problem. Producers perceive depletion to be a greater problem for their communities than for their own farming operations. There is overwhelming agreement that groundwater should be conserved for altruistic reasons to benefit future generations in the community. Most producers believe they have limited personal capacity for additional groundwater conservation on their farms, and few are involved in voluntary group conservation initiatives. We suggest that a key element of the conservation challenge is social and that future efforts should focus on developing networks, capacities, and cultures of groundwater conservation on the High Plains.
Phase 3 drug pipelines in the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Sumida Yoshio , Okanoue Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi ,   Japan Study Group of NAFLD (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: September 2019

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is a more severe form of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, can at least partly lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure. Liver transplantation is the only option for NASH cirrhosis at this time. By 2020, NASH is projected to overtake hepatitis C as the leading cause of liver transplants in the USA. There are still no approved drugs for treating NASH. Although there are approximately 196 agents of investigational NASH therapies in various stages of development, we here mainly review phase 3 drug candidates in the pipeline for NASH. The NASH space across the seven major markets of the USA, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and Japan, is set to rise from $618 million in 2016 to approximately $25.3 billion by 2026. However, the fact that the race to develop an effective drug against NASH has reached the home stretch, with five drug candidates (obeticholic acid, elafibranor, selonsertib, cenicriviroc, and resmetirom) in phase 3 stage of the trial, is welcome news for patients. The very earliest a NASH drug could hit the market is 2021, assuming all goes well as planned.
Predicting aggression in adults with intellectual disability: A pilot study of the predictive efficacy of the Current Risk of Violence and the Short Dynamic Risk Scale
Authors: Lofthouse Rachael E. , Golding Laura , Totsika Vasiliki , Hastings Richard P. , Lindsay William R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundStructured assessments have been shown to assist professionals to evaluate the risk of aggression in secure services for general offender populations and more recently among adults with intellectual disabilities. There is a need to develop intellectual disability sensitive measures for predicting risk of aggression in community samples, especially tools with a focus on dynamic variables.MethodsThe study prospectively followed 28 participants for up to 2 months to test whether the Current Risk of Violence (CuRV) and Short Dynamic Risk Scale (SDRS) were able to predict verbal and physical aggression in a community sample of adults with intellectual disability.ResultsCuRV and SDRS ratings significantly predicted verbal and physical aggression over a 2‐month period.ConclusionsThe current study supports the use of the CuRV with adults with intellectual disability living in community settings. The CuRV and SDRS are worthy of future development and evaluation in independent investigations.
Masked hypertensives: A disguised arterial stiffness population
Authors: Antza Christina , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Stabouli Stella , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Kotsis Vasilios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether masked hypertension (MHT) and white coat hypertension (WCHT) could be related to increased arterial stiffness and to identify the best office cutoff values of office BP for the diagnosis of MHT and WCHT. A total of 542 consecutive patients (50.2% male, age 42.5 ± 26.2 years) were included in the study. Patients were never treated before for hypertension. Patients were classified as true normotensives (44%), true hypertensives (30%), WC hypertensives (19%), and masked hypertensives (7%). Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (c‐f PWV) was 9.91 ± 0.20 m/s in true normotension, 10.26 ± 0.27 m/s in WCHT, 11.28 ± 0.47 m/s in MHT, and 11.86 ± 0.23 m/s in true hypertension after adjustment for age and sex. Decision limits yielding 65% sensitivity were 130 mm Hg for office systolic BP with 72% specificity for the diagnosis of MHT. The optimal cutoff value of 80 mm Hg for office diastolic BP provides 60% sensitivity and 68% specificity. Decision limits yielding 63% sensitivity were 150 mm Hg for office systolic BP with 72% specificity for the diagnosis of WCHT. The optimal cutoff value of 95 mm Hg for office diastolic BP provides 75% sensitivity and 51% specificity. The presence of MHT should be taken into account when increased c‐f PWV is detected in the absence of office hypertension. The optimal office BP of 130/80 mm Hg provides the best sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MHT. As regards the diagnosis of WCHT, the cutoff value of 150/95 mm Hg seems to provide the best option.
The cost of love: financial consequences of insecure attachment in antisocial youth
Authors: Bachmann Christian J. , Beecham Jennifer , O'Connor Thomas G. , Scott Adam , Briskman Jackie , Scott Stephen 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundKnowing that your parent or caregiver will be there for you in times of emotional need and distress is a core aspect of the human experience of feeling loved and being securely attached. In contrast, an insecure attachment pattern is found in many antisocial youth and is related to less sensitive caregiving. Such youth are often distrustful of adults and authority figures, and are at high risk of poor outcomes. As they become adults, they require extensive health, social and economic support, costing society ten times more than their well‐adjusted peers. However, it is not known whether insecure attachment itself is associated with higher costs in at‐risk youth, independently of potential confounders, nor whether cost differences are already beginning to emerge early in adolescence.MethodsSample: A total of 174 young people followed up aged 9–17 years (mean 12.1, SD 1.8): 85 recruited with moderate antisocial behaviour (80th percentile) from a school screen aged 4–6 years; 89 clinically referred with very high antisocial behaviour (98th percentile) aged 3–7 years. Measures: Costs by detailed health economic and service‐use interview; attachment security to mother and father from interview; diagnostic interviews for oppositional and conduct problems; self‐reported delinquent behaviour.ResultsCosts were greater for youth insecurely attached to their mothers (secure £6,743, insecure £10,199, p = .001) and more so to fathers (secure £1,353, insecure £13,978, p < .001). These differences remained significant (mother p = .019, father p < .001) after adjusting for confounders, notably family income and education, intelligence and antisocial behaviour severity.ConclusionsAttachment insecurity is a significant predictor of public cost in at‐risk youth, even after accounting for covariates. Since adolescent attachment security is influenced by caregiving quality earlier in childhood, these findings add support to the public health case for early parenting interventions to improve child outcomes and reduce the financial burden on society.