bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Solar Wind High‐Speed Streams on the Brazilian Low‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Descending Phase of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Moraes‐Santos S. P. , Cândido C. M. N. , Becker‐Guedes F. , Nava B. , Klausner V. , Borries C. , Chingarandi F. S. , Osanyin T. O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the Brazilian low‐latitude ionospheric response to CIR/HSS‐driven geomagnetic storms during the declining phase of solar cycle 24, from 2016 to 2017. In this period the geomagnetic storms were mostly moderate, SymHmin ≈ −72 nT, AEmax ≈ 1580 nT, Vswmax ≈ 690 km/s and lasted, on average, for 6 days. We analyze the variations in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) at three representative regions: bele, over the equatorial region; boav and cuib, at the northern and southern crests of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly. Our findings reveal the role of High‐Speed Solar Wind Streams and Corotating Interaction Region—driven geomagnetic storms. The VTEC intensifications were up to 30 TECu, during the daytime and nighttime. Additionally, three categories of nighttime enhancements were observed and analyzed with distinct characteristics and levels of pre‐reversal strengthening; Depletions up to 20 TECu also occurred during the day and nighttime. The delay between the storm commencement and the positive and negative variations were, on average, 7 and 20 hours, respectively. We discuss the Prompt Penetration Electric Fields and Disturbance Dynamo Electric Fields following the magnetic reconnection between Earth's and interplanetary magnetic field, using observational data and modeling. Furthermore, this study presents catalogs of low‐latitude ionospheric storms, providing detailed information for space weather applications and ionospheric modeling.
Understanding Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Porous Media Based on Geometric Properties Derived From Three‐Dimensional Images
Authors: Tian Rongrong , Yin Tingchang , Tian Yanmei , Yu Chen , Zhou Jiazuo , Gao Xiangbo , Zhang Xingyu , Galindo‐Torres Sergio Andres , Lei Liang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNatural porous media are generally heterogeneous and anisotropic. The structure of porous media plays a vital role and is often the source of their heterogeneity and anisotropy. In physical processes such as fluid flow in porous media, a small number of dominant features, here referred to as wide channels, are responsible for the majority of the flow. The thickness and orientation of these channels often determine the permeability characteristics of the media. Typically, identifying such dominant features requires extensive and costly simulations. Here, we propose a prompt approach based on geometric properties derived from three‐dimensional (3D) images. The size or radius of the dominant features is obtained via distance maps, and their orientations are determined using Principal Component Analysis. Subsequently, we visualize these dominant features with color and color brightness according to their orientation and size, together with their location and distribution in 3D space. The combined visualization of anisotropy (orientation) and heterogeneity (size) in a single plot provides a straightforward way to enhance our understanding of pore structure characteristics. Besides, we propose a refined stereographic projection method to statistically illustrate both heterogeneity and anisotropy. Based on these insights, we further present a potential approach to reduce model size in numerical simulations, significantly reducing computational costs while preserving essential characteristics.
Intrinsically anisotropic 1D NbTe4 for self-powered polarization-sensitive photodetection
Authors: Luo Huahu , Wu Fafa , He Chaowei , Shen Wanfu , Hu Chunguang , Zhao Weina , Yu Peng , Yang Guowei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Polarization-sensitive photodetection enhances scene information capture, crucial for modern optoelectronic devices. One-dimensional (1D) materials with intrinsic anisotropy, capable of directly sensing polarized light, are promising for such photodetectors. NbTe4, a quasi-1D transition metal tetra-chalcogenide, offers significant benefits for polarization-sensitive photodetection due to its structural anisotropy. Nonetheless, to date, the anisotropic properties of 1D NbTe4 have not been reported. Herein, NbTe4 nanobelts were synthesized via mechanical exfoliation from needle-like bulk crystals, and their anisotropic and optoelectronic properties were comprehensively studied. Angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with azimuth-dependent reflectance difference microscopy, confirmed that 1D NbTe₄ exhibits intrinsic structural and in-plane optical anisotropy. The 1D NbTe4 device demonstrated characteristic anisotropic photodetection behavior, achieving dichroic ratios of 1.16 at 671 nm and 1.25 at 1064 nm. Meanwhile, the device exhibits a pronounced photothermoelectric effect, conferring a broad spectral photoresponse ranging from visible to near-infrared wavelengths (532-1064 nm), with a rapid response time of 158 ms. This study demonstrates that NbTe4 inherently possesses in-plane anisotropy, making it a promising candidate for polarization-sensitive photodetection applications.
Simultaneous surgery for gastrostomy and laryngotracheal separation in a patient with Tay‒Sachs disease
Authors: Moroto Masaharu , Daisuke Uda , Yodoi Tomoya , Nitta Yoshihiro , Sugimoto Yohei , Chiyonobu Tomohiro , Yamada Hiroyuki , Ozaki Kayo , Nakatani Taichi , Sakai Norio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Genetic testing identified novel compound heterozygous missense variants in the HEXA gene (NM_00520.6: c.775A>C and NM_000520.6: c.508C>T) in a 16-month-old girl diagnosed with Tay‒Sachs disease. The patient gradually became unable to consume food orally. She suffered severe aspiration pneumonia and underwent gastrostomy and laryngotracheal separation at 2 years and 4 months of age. Despite an initially good prognosis, she died at 3 years of age.
Vascular FLRT2 regulates venous-mediated angiogenic expansion and CNS barriergenesis
Authors: Llaó-Cid C. , Peguera B. , Kobialka P. , Decker L. , Vogenstahl J. , Alivodej N. , Srivastava S. , Jin J. , Kirchmaier B. C. , Milla C. , Schlierbach H. , Schänzer A. , Acker T. , Segarra M. , Acker-Palmer A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVeins have emerged as the origin of all other endothelial cell subtypes needed to expand vascular networks during developmental and pathological neoangiogenesis. Here, we uncover the role of the angioneurin Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane protein (FLRT) 2 in central nervous system (CNS) vascular development in the mouse. Early postnatal FLRT2 deletion reveals specific defects in retinal veins, impacting endothelial cell proliferation, sprouting and polarity that result in reduced tip cells at the vascular front. FLRT2 interacts with VE-cadherin and together with the endocytic adaptor protein Numb contribute to the modulation of adherens junction morphology in both retina and cerebral cortex in vivo. Utilizing expansion microscopy, we visualize the altered dynamic distribution of VE-cadherin in tissue of FLRT2 endothelial mutants. Additionally, FLRT2 in cortical vessels regulates the crosstalk between adherens and tight junctions, influencing blood-brain barrier development. Our findings position FLRT2 as a vein-specific regulator of CNS vascular development.
KANK1 promotes breast cancer development by compromising Scribble-mediated Hippo activation
Authors: Guo Shiny Shengzhen , Liu Zhiying , Wang Guan M. , Sun Zhiqi , Yu Kaikai , Fawcett James P. , Buettner Reinhard , Gao Bo , Fässler Reinhard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKANK1 is expressed in epithelial cells and connects focal adhesions with the adjacent cortical microtubule stabilizing complex. Although KANK1 was shown to suppress cancer cell growth in vitro, TCGA database points to high KANK1 levels associated with poor prognosis in a wide spectrum of human malignancies. Here, we address this discrepancy and report that KANK1 promotes proliferation and survival of PyMT-transformed mammary tumor cells in vivo. Mechanistically, KANK1 localizes to the basal side of basement membrane (BM)-attached transformed luminal epithelial cells. When these cells lose the contact with the BM and disassemble integrin adhesions, KANK1 is found at cell-cell junctions where it competes with the polarity and tumor suppressor Scribble for NOS1AP binding, which curbs the ability of Scribble to promote Hippo pathway activity. The consequences are stabilization and nuclear accumulation of TAZ, growth and survival of tumor cells and elevated breast cancer development.
Ultrafast adaptive optics for imaging the living human eye
Authors: Liu Yan , Crowell James A. , Kurokawa Kazuhiro , Bernucci Marcel T. , Ji Qiuzhi , Lassoued Ayoub , Jung Hae Won , Keller Matthew J. , Marte Mary E. , Miller Donald T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdaptive optics (AO) is a powerful method for correcting dynamic aberrations in numerous applications. When applied to the eye, it enables cellular-resolution retinal imaging and enhanced visual performance and stimulation. Most ophthalmic AO systems correct dynamic aberrations up to 1−2 Hz, the commonly-known cutoff frequency for correcting ocular aberrations. However, this frequency may be grossly underestimated for more clinically relevant scenarios where the medical impact of AO will be greatest. Unfortunately, little is known about the aberration dynamics in these scenarios. A major bottleneck has been the lack of sufficiently fast AO systems to measure and correct them. We develop an ultrafast ophthalmic AO system that increases AO bandwidth by ~30× and improves aberration power rejection magnitude by 500×. We demonstrate that this much faster ophthalmic AO is possible without sacrificing other system performances. We find that the discontinuous-exposure AO-control scheme runs 32% slower yet achieves 53% larger AO bandwidth than the commonly used continuous-exposure scheme. Using the ultrafast system, we characterize ocular aberration dynamics in six clinically-relevant scenarios and find their power spectra to be 10−100× larger than normal. We show that ultrafast AO substantially improves aberration correction and retinal imaging performance in these scenarios compared with conventional AO.
Y chromosome introgression between deeply divergent primate species
Authors: Jensen Axel , Horton Emma R. , Amboko Junior , Parke Stacy-Anne , Hart John A. , Tosi Anthony J. , Guschanski Katerina , Detwiler Kate M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHybridization and introgression are widespread in nature, with important implications for adaptation and speciation. Since heterogametic hybrids often have lower fitness than homogametic individuals, a phenomenon known as Haldane’s rule, loci inherited strictly through the heterogametic sex rarely introgress. We focus on the Y-chromosomal history of guenons, African primates that hybridized extensively in the past. Although our inferences suggest that Haldane’s rule generally applies, we uncover a Y chromosome introgression event between two species ca. six million years after their initial divergence. Using simulations, we show that selection likely drove the introgressing Y chromosome to fixation from a low initial frequency. We identify non-synonymous substitutions on the novel Y chromosome as candidate targets of selection, and explore meiotic drive as an alternative mechanism. Our results provide a rare example of Y chromosome introgression, showing that the ability to produce fertile heterogametic hybrids likely persisted for six million years in guenons.
Enhanced wind mixing and deepened mixed layer in the Pacific Arctic shelf seas with low summer sea ice
Authors: Wang Yuanqi , Feng Zhixuan , Lin Peigen , Song Hongjun , Zhang Jicai , Wu Hui , Jin Haiyan , Chen Jianfang , Qi Di , Grebmeier Jacqueline M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean has experienced significant sea ice loss over recent decades, shifting towards a thinner and more mobile seasonal ice regime. However, the impacts of these transformations on the upper ocean dynamics of the biologically productive Pacific Arctic continental shelves remain underexplored. Here, we quantified the summer upper mixed layer depth and analyzed its interannual to decadal evolution with sea ice and atmospheric forcing, using hydrographic observations and model reanalysis from 1996 to 2021. Before 2006, a shoaling summer mixed layer was associated with sea ice loss and surface warming. After 2007, however, the upper mixed layer reversed to a generally deepening trend due to markedly lengthened open water duration, enhanced wind-induced mixing, and reduced ice meltwater input. Our findings reveal a shift in the primary drivers of upper ocean dynamics, with surface buoyancy flux dominant initially, followed by a shift to wind forcing despite continued sea ice decline. These changes in upper ocean structure and forcing mechanisms may have substantial implications for the marine ecosystem, potentially contributing to unusual fall phytoplankton blooms and intensified ocean acidification observed in the past decade.
Behavioural determinants of physiologically-relevant light exposure
Authors: Biller Anna M. , Balakrishnan Priji , Spitschan Manuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLight exposure triggers a range of physiological and behavioural responses that can improve and challenge health and well-being. Insights from laboratory studies have recently culminated in standards and guidelines for measuring and assessing healthy light exposure, and recommendations for healthy light levels. Implicit to laboratory paradigms is a simplistic input-output relationship between light and its effects on physiology. This simplified approach ignores that humans actively shape their light exposure through behaviour. This article presents a novel framework that conceptualises light exposure as an individual behaviour to meet specific, person-based needs. Key to healthy light exposure is shaping behaviour, beyond shaping technology.
Teleportation of a genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubit generated via a quantum dot source
Authors: Polacchi Beatrice , Hoch Francesco , Rodari Giovanni , Savo Stefano , Carvacho Gonzalo , Spagnolo Nicolò , Giordani Taira , Sciarrino Fabio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantum state teleportation represents a pillar of quantum information and a milestone on the roadmap towards quantum networks with a large number of nodes. Successful photonic demonstrations of this protocol have been carried out employing different qubit encodings. However, demonstrations in the Fock basis encoding are challenging, due to the impossibility of generating a coherent superposition of vacuum-one photon states on a single mode with linear optics. Indeed, previous realizations only allowed the teleportation of dual-rail entangled states, by exploiting ancillary electromagnetic modes. Here, instead, we enable the quantum teleportation of pure vacuum-one-photon qubits encoded in a single spatial mode, by exploiting coherent control of a resonantly excited semiconductor quantum dot in a micro-cavity. Within our setup, we can both teleport genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubits and perform entanglement swapping. Our results may disclose new quantum information processing potentialities for this encoding, whose manipulation is achievable via quantum dot single-photon sources.
Meiotic DNA break resection and recombination rely on chromatin remodeler Fun30
Authors: Huang Pei-Ching , Hong Soogil , Alnaser Hasan F , Mimitou Eleni P , Kim Keun P , Murakami Hajime , Keeney Scott 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are nucleolytically processed to generate single-stranded DNA for homologous recombination. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis, this resection involves nicking by the Mre11–Rad50–Xrs2 complex (MRX), then exonucleolytic digestion by Exo1. Chromatin remodeling at meiotic DSBs is thought necessary for resection, but the remodeling enzyme was unknown. Here we show that the SWI/SNF-like ATPase Fun30 plays a major, nonredundant role in meiotic resection. A fun30 mutation shortened resection tracts almost as severely as an exo1-nd (nuclease-dead) mutation, and resection was further shortened in a fun30 exo1-nd double mutant. Fun30 associates with chromatin in response to DSBs, and the constitutive positioning of nucleosomes governs resection endpoint locations in the absence of Fun30. We infer that Fun30 promotes both the MRX- and Exo1-dependent steps in resection, possibly by removing nucleosomes from broken chromatids. Moreover, the extremely short resection in fun30 exo1-nd double mutants is accompanied by compromised interhomolog recombination bias, leading to defects in recombination and chromosome segregation. Thus, this study also provides insight about the minimal resection lengths needed for robust recombination.
Optimal facial regions for remote heart rate measurement during physical and cognitive activities
Authors: Li Shuo , Elgendi Mohamed , Menon Carlo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has gained prominence as a non-contact and real-time technology for heart rate monitoring. A critical factor in rPPG’s accuracy is the selection of regions of interest (ROI), as it can significantly influence prediction outcomes. Most studies typically use the forehead and cheeks as ROIs, but little research has explored other facial regions or how stable these ROIs are during physical movement and cognitive tasks. In this study, we analyzed 28 facial regions based on anatomical definitions using two mixed datasets derived from three public databases: LGI-PPGI, UBFC-rPPG, and UBFC-Phys. We applied rPPG algorithms such as orthogonal matrix image transformation (OMIT), plane-orthogonal-to-skin (POS), chrominance-based (CHROM), and local group invariance (LGI). Our findings show that the glabella, medial forehead, lateral forehead, malars, and upper nasal dorsum consistently perform well, with the glabella achieving the highest overall evaluation score. These results offer valuable insights for advancing remote heart rate monitoring technologies.
Characteristics of phage-plasmids and their impact on microbial communities
Authors: Sayid Ruweyda , van den Hurk Anne W.M. , Rothschild-Rodriguez Daniela , Herrema Hilde , de Jonge Patrick A. , Nobrega Franklin L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bacteria host various foreign genetic elements, most notably plasmids and bacteriophages (or phages). Historically, these two classes were seen as separate, but recent research has shown considerable interplay between them. Phage-plasmids (P-Ps) exhibit characteristics of both phages and plasmids, allowing them to exist extrachromosomally within bacterial hosts as plasmids, but also to infect and lyse bacteria as phages. This dual functionality enables P-Ps to utilize the modes of transmission of both phage and plasmids, facilitating the rapid dissemination of genetic material, including antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, throughout bacterial populations. Additionally, P-Ps have been found to encode toxin-antitoxin and CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems, which enhance bacterial survival under stress and provide immunity against other foreign genetic elements. Despite a growing body of literature on P-Ps, large gaps remain in our understanding of their ecological roles and environmental prevalence. This review aims to synthesise existing knowledge and identify research gaps on the impacts of P-Ps on microbial communities.
Sulphotransferase-mediated toxification of chemicals in mouse models: effect of knockout or humanisation of SULT genes
Authors: Glatt Hansruedi , Meinl Walter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cytosolic sulphotransferase (SULT) enzymes catalyse reactions involved in xenobiotic elimination and hormone regulation. However, SULTs can also generate electrophilic reactive intermediates from certain substrates, including the activation of carcinogens. Here, we review toxicological studies of mouse strains with SULT status altered by genetic modification. Knockout mouse strains have been constructed for the enzymes Sult1a1, 1d1, 1e1, 2b1 and 4a1. In addition, transgenic strains are available for human SULT1A1/2. Among SULT knockout mouse strains, reduced fertility (Sult1e1) and early postnatal death (Sult4a1) were observed. In contrast, Sult1a1 or Sult1d1 knockouts and SULT1A1/2 transgenics were healthy and showed no obvious deficiencies. These strains were used in toxicological studies with 13 chemicals. Manipulation of the SULT system altered dramatically the adverse effects of many compounds; thus, very large differences in levels of DNA adducts formed in the liver or other tissues were seen with some chemicals – up to 99.2% decreases in knockouts and 83-fold increases in SULT1A1/2 transgenics. In many cases, these changes were restricted to the tissues in which the corresponding enzymes are expressed, arguing for local activation. However, with some compounds, the kidney was an important target tissue, due to the active transfer to that organ, via the circulation, of reactive sulphuric acid esters.
A roadmap of isolating and investigating bacteriophage infecting human gut anaerobes
Authors: Liu Cong , Xing Bo , Li Zhuoran , Li Junhua , Xiao Minfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, play a crucial role in manipulating the gut microbiome, with implications for human health and disease. Despite the vast amount of data available on the human gut virome, the number of cultured phages that infect human gut bacteria—particularly obligate anaerobes—remains strikingly limited. Here, we summarize the resources and basic characteristics of phages that infect the human gut obligate anaerobe. We review various methods for isolating these phages and suggest a strategy for their isolation. Additionally, we outline their impact on the field of viral biology, their interactions with bacteria and humans, and their potential for disease intervention. Finally, we discuss the value and prospects of research on these phages, providing a comprehensive ‘Roadmap’ that sheds light on the ‘dark matter’ of phages that infect human gut obligate anaerobes.
KitWaSor: Pioneering pre‐trained model for kitchen waste sorting with an innovative million‐level benchmark dataset
Authors: Fang Leyuan , Ding Shuaiyu , Feng Hao , Yu Junwu , Tang Lin , Ghamisi Pedram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntelligent sorting is an important prerequisite for the full quantitative consumption and harmless disposal of kitchen waste. The existing object detection method based on an ImageNet pre‐trained model is an effective way of sorting. Owing to significant domain gaps between natural images and kitchen waste images, it is difficult to reflect the characteristics of diverse scales and dense distribution in kitchen waste based on an ImageNet pre‐trained model, leading to poor generalisation. In this article, the authors propose the first pre‐trained model for kitchen waste sorting called KitWaSor, which combines both contrastive learning (CL) and masked image modelling (MIM) through self‐supervised learning (SSL). First, to address the issue of diverse scales, the authors propose a mixed masking strategy by introducing an incomplete masking branch based on the original random masking branch. It prevents the complete loss of small‐scale objects while avoiding excessive leakage of large‐scale object pixels. Second, to address the issue of dense distribution, the authors introduce semantic consistency constraints on the basis of the mixed masking strategy. That is, object semantic reasoning is performed through semantic consistency constraints to compensate for the lack of contextual information. To train KitWaSor, the authors construct the first million‐level kitchen waste dataset across seasonal and regional distributions, named KWD‐Million. Extensive experiments show that KitWaSor achieves state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) performance on the two most relevant downstream tasks for kitchen waste sorting (i.e. image classification and object detection), demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed KitWaSor.