bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Approaches of Cell‐Based Nanosystems to Target Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Gong Xiang , Li Jie , Tan Tao , Wang Zhiwan , Wang Hong , Wang Yuqi , Xu Xiaoxuan , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Yaping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCancer metastasis accounts for the high mortality of cancer‐related deaths and the therapy is greatly challenged by the limited drug delivery efficiency. Inspired by the essential role of culprit cancer cells and versatile accessory cells during cancer metastasis, diverse cell‐based nanosystems (CBNs) are emerging as attractive and encouraging drug delivery platforms to target cancer metastasis. Herein, the authors focus on the emerging strategies of versatile CBNs that synergistically combine the merit of source cells and nanoparticles for antimetastasis therapy. CBNs are usually comprised of natural nanosized vesicles, cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles, and bioengineered living cell vehicles. The authors discuss the rationality and advances of various CBNs in targeting different stages of cancer metastasis, including primary tumor, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and distant metastasis as well as the tumor immune microenvironments (TIM). On this basis, this review provides some feasible perspectives on designing CBNs to enhance the drug delivery efficiency for treating cancer metastasis.
Defect‐Driven Magnetization Configuration of Isolated Linear Assemblies of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Rastei Mircea V. , Pierron‐Bohnes Véronique , Toulemon Delphine , Bouillet Corinne , Kákay Attila , Hertel Riccardo , Tetsi Ebenezer , Begin‐Colin Sylvie , Pichon Benoit P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe magnetization state of 1D magnetic nanoparticle (NP) chains plays a key role in a wide range of applications ranging from diagnosis and therapy in medicine to actuators, sensors, and quantum recording media. The interplay between the exact particle orientation and the magnetic anisotropy is in turn crucial for controlling the overall magnetization state with high precision. Here, a 3D description of the magnetic structure of one‐NP‐wide chains is reported. Here, two complementary experimental techniques are combined, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and electronic holography (EH) which are sensitive to out‐of‐plane and in‐plane magnetization components, respectively. The approach to micromagnetic simulations is extended, which provides results in good agreement with MFM and EH. The findings are at variance with the known results on unidirectional NP assemblies, and show that magnetization is rarely strictly collinear to the chain axis. The magnetic structure of one‐NP‐wide chains can be interpreted as head‐to‐head magnetic domain structures with off‐axis magnetization components, which is very sensitive to morphological defects in the chain structure such as minute size variation of NPs, tiny misalignment of NPs, and/or crystal orientation with respect to easy magnetization axis.
Scalable Spider‐Silk‐Like Supertough Fibers using a Pseudoprotein Polymer
Authors: Gu Lin , Jiang Yuanzhang , Hu Jinlian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpider silks are tougher than almost all other materials in the world and thus are considered ideal materials by scientists and the industry. Although there have been tremendous attempts to prepare fibers from genetically engineered spider‐silk proteins, it is still a very large challenge to artificially produce materials with a very high fracture energy, not to mention the high scaling‐up requirements because of the extremely low productivity and high cost levels. Here, a facile spider‐silk‐mimicking strategy is first reported for preparing scalable supertough fibers using the chemical synthesis route. Supertoughness (≈387 MJ m−3), more than twice the reported value of common spider dragline silk and comparable to the value of the toughest spider silk, the aciniform silk of Argiope trifasciata, is achieved by introducing β‐sheet crystals and α‐helical peptides simultaneously in a pseudoprotein polymer. The process opens up a very promising avenue for obtaining excellent spider fibers.
Understanding the Structure and Properties of Sesqui‐Chalcogenides (i.e., V2VI3 or Pn2Ch3 (Pn = Pnictogen, Ch = Chalcogen) Compounds) from a Bonding Perspective
Authors: Cheng Yudong , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Keutgen Jens , Yu Yuan , Küpers Michael , Schumacher Mathias , Golub Pavlo , Raty Jean‐Yves , Dronskowski Richard , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA number of sesqui‐chalcogenides show remarkable properties, which make them attractive for applications as thermoelectrics, topological insulators, and phase‐change materials. To see if these properties can be related to a special bonding mechanism, seven sesqui‐chalcogenides (Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Bi2S3, Sb2Te3, Sb2Se3, Sb2S3, and β‐As2Te3) and GaSe are investigated. Atom probe tomography studies reveal that four of the seven sesqui‐chalcogenides (Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Sb2Te3, and β‐As2Te3) show an unconventional bond‐breaking mechanism. The same four compounds evidence a remarkable property portfolio in density functional theory calculations including large Born effective charges, high optical dielectric constants, low Debye temperatures and an almost metal‐like electrical conductivity. These results are indicative for unconventional bonding leading to physical properties distinctively different from those caused by covalent, metallic, or ionic bonding. The experiments reveal that this bonding mechanism prevails in four sesqui‐chalcogenides, characterized by rather short interlayer distances at the van der Waals like gaps, suggestive of significant interlayer coupling. These conclusions are further supported by a subsequent quantum‐chemistry‐based bonding analysis employing charge partitioning, which reveals that the four sesqui‐chalcogenides with unconventional properties are characterized by modest levels of charge transfer and sharing of about one electron between adjacent atoms. Finally, the 3D maps for different properties reveal discernible property trends and enable material design.
1 cm2 Organic Photovoltaic Cells for Indoor Application with over 20% Efficiency
Authors: Cui Yong , Yao Huifeng , Zhang Tao , Hong Ling , Gao Bowei , Xian Kaihu , Qin Jinzhao , Hou Jianhui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic (OPV) technologies have the advantages of fabricating larger‐area and light‐weight solar panels on flexible substrates by low‐cost roll‐to‐toll production. Recently, OPV cells have achieved many significant advances with power conversion efficiency (PCE) increasing rapidly. However, large‐scale solar farms using OPV modules still face great challenges, such as device stability. Herein, the applications of OPV cells in indoor light environments are studied. Via optimizing the active layers to have a good match with the indoor light source, 1 cm2 OPV cells are fabricated and a top PCE of 22% under 1000 lux light‐emitting diode (2700 K) illumination is demonstrated. In this work, the light intensities are measured carefully. Incorporated with the external quantum efficiency and photon flux spectrum, the integral current densities of the cells are calculated to confirm the reliability of the photovoltaic measurement. In addition, the devices show much better stability under continuous indoor light illumination. The results suggest that designing wide‐bandgap active materials to meet the requirements for the indoor OPV cells has a great potential in achieving higher photovoltaic performance.
Hierarchically Organized Ultrathin NiO Nanofibers/Highly Defective‐rGO Heteronanocomposite: An Advanced Electrode Material for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Paliwal Mahesh Kumar , Meher Sumanta Kumar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein, defective‐rGO (D‐rGO) is endorsed as a unique conducting matrix for defect‐induced interfacial growth of ultrathin dangling‐NiO nanofibers. The physicochemical analyses corroborate added defect density on the graphene surface, defect‐induced growth of NiO, and excellent hydrophilicity of NiO/D‐rGO heteronanocomposite. Thorough electrochemical analyses of NiO/D‐rGO heteronanocomposite show high specific capacitance of 1992 F g−1, ultralow equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 1.7 Ω, and ≈92.5% retention of charge storage after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycles. The advanced NiO/D‐rGO ‖ Bi2O3 asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device delivers high areal/mass specific capacitance and exhibits outstanding rate capacitance under extreme current density conditions. The ASC device retains a significant 89.5% of areal capacitance after 5000 GCD cycles under high rate conditions. The ASC device also delivers a high energy density of ≈43.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of ≈4799 W kg−1 and retains ≈46% of the energy density at a very high power density of ≈18 518 W kg−1. The excellent performance of the ASC device is ascribed to defect‐induced improved bonding between D‐rGO and NiO, microstructural stability of NiO/D‐rGO, D‐rGO prompted conductivity, and “ion‐buffering‐reservoir” ‐alike behavior of the fiber assembly. The present approach is significant in developing new‐age supercapacitors for high rate applications.
Hybrid Supercapacitors Based on Interwoven CoO‐NiO‐ZnO Nanowires and Porous Graphene Hydrogel Electrodes with Safe Aqueous Electrolyte for High Supercapacitance
Authors: Sun Mingze , Wang Jingmin , Xu Mingsheng , Fang Zhenbin , Jiang Lei , Han Qiang , Liu Jichang , Yan Manqing , Wang Qiyang , Bi Hong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetal oxides–based supercapacitors have attracted much attention due to their easy fabrication and ultra‐high theoretical specific capacitance. Here, a novel ternary metal oxide (CoO‐NiO‐ZnO, CNZO) in situ grown on Ni foam (CNZO@Ni foam) is prepared by one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis and a subsequent annealing method. Compared with the corresponding binary and single metal oxides of CoO‐ZnO, NiO‐ZnO, CoO‐NiO, CoO, NiO, and ZnO, this ternary metal oxide shows an ultra‐high specific capacitance (areal capacitance) of 2115.5 F g−1 (4.23 F cm−2) at a current density of 1 A g−1 (2 mA cm−2). Further, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) is assembled by the CNZO@Ni foam//porous graphene hydrogel (PGH), which exhibits a wide potential window of 1.6 V, and a high energy density 53.67 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1. Moreover, it also shows good cycling stability of 87.9% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. This work provides an efficient and facile way to fabricate HSCs based on ternary metal oxide nano‐networks and PGH with an aqueous electrolyte for safe and high‐energy‐density supercapacitors.
Confined Catalysis: Progress and Prospects in Energy Conversion
Authors: Shifa Tofik Ahmed , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpace confined catalysis has emerged as viable strategy for achieving potent and efficient catalysts in various important reactions. It offers a means of creating unique nanoscale chemical environments partitioned from the surrounding bulk space. This gives rise to the phenomena of nanoconfinement, where the energetics and kinetics of catalytic reactions can be modulated upon confining the catalysts in a particular site. Various scaffolds have been reported so far for confinement. Among these, void spaces under the cover of 2D materials, van der Waals (vdW) gaps of layered 2D materials, nanotubes, and porous surfaces have recently won copious attention. In this review, the concept of space confinement with respect to its effect on the electronic and structural properties of a catalyst is discussed. Emphasis is devoted to the catalysis of water splitting and CO2 reduction reactions. The progress in the design and applications of space confined catalysts is then traced. Finally, a discussion of emerging issues yet to be explored for this strategy to achieve a high efficiency, and future directions with the potential to become a new hotspots are presented.
Honeycomb Structure Inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Highly Effective Vibration Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Engine Condition Monitoring
Authors: Xiao Xiu , Zhang Xiangqian , Wang Siyuan , Ouyang Han , Chen Pengfei , Song Liguo , Yuan Haichao , Ji Yulong , Wang Peihong , Li Zhou , Xu Minyi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVibration in mechanical equipment can serve as a sustainable energy source to power sensors and devices if it can be effectively collected. In this work, a honeycomb structure inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (HSI‐TENG) consisting of two copper electrode layers with sponge bases and one honeycomb frame filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) balls is proposed to harvest vibration energy. The application of a compact honeycomb structure increases the maximum power density of HSI‐TENG by 43.2% compared to the square grid structure and provides superior advantages in large‐scale manufacturing. More importantly, the nonspring‐assisted HSI‐TENG can generate electricity once the PTFE balls obtain sufficient kinetic energy to separate from the bottom electrode layer regardless of the vibration frequency and direction. This is fundamentally different from the spring‐assisted harvesters that can only work around their natural frequencies. The vibration model and working criteria of the HSI‐TENG are established. Furthermore, the HSI‐TENG is successfully used to serve as a self‐powered sensor to monitor engine conditions by analyzing the electrical output of the HSI‐TENG installed on a diesel engine. Therefore, the nonspring‐assisted HSI‐TENG provides a novel strategy for highly effective vibration energy harvesting and self‐powered machinery monitoring.
Construction and optimization of a base editor based on the MS2 system
Authors: Zhang Shuzhen , Feng Songjie , Jiang Wen , Huang Xingxu , Chen Jieping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCatalytic defect Cas9‐cytosine deaminase fusion is widely used in base editing. The Multiple copy numbers of the MS2 binding site (MBS) can recruit multiple MS2 coat proteins (MCPs), which are usually applied to amplify signals. Our study aimed to apply the MS2 signal amplification system to the base editing system in order to achieve simultaneous mutations of multiple bases at the target genome site.MethodsMultiple copy numbers of the MS2 were ligated to the 3′‐end of sgRNA, and MCP was fused to the 5′‐end of cytosine deaminases. The MS2 was recognized by MCP to recruit cytosine deaminase for base substitutions (C‐T) at the target site. Different Cas9 variants, different cytosine deaminases and different copy numbers of MS2 were tested in this system, and the different versions of base editors were compared by editing efficiency and window.ResultsIn this study, dCas9, nCas9 (D10A) and nCas9 (H840A) were used. Among these 3 Cas9 variants, dCas9 exhibited higher base mutation efficiency. Two cytosine deaminases were then applied and the efficiency of rAPOBEC1 deaminase was found to be higher than AID. We also increased the copy numbers of MS2 linked to sgRNA from 2 to 12. Disappointingly, the sgRNA‐12x MS2 did not improve the editing efficiency or increase the editing window.ConclusionAn optimal version of base editor based on the MS2 system, MS2‐BE‐rAPOBEC1 (sgRNA‐2x MS2, MCP‐rAPOBEC1 and dCas9), was obtained. This tool can simultaneously mutate multiple bases at the target site, providing a new approach for the study of genome functions.
Rhodium(I)/Zn(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Opening/Cyclopropanation of Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Phosphorus Ylides
Authors: Chen Tao , Gan Lifei , Wang Ran , Deng Yuhua , Peng Fangzhi , Lautens Mark , Shao Zhihui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe strong binding ability of P‐ylides with transition metals limits the utilization of stabilized P‐ylide as nucleophiles in asymmetric organometallic catalysis. Herein we describe the first rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric ring‐opening reaction of P‐ylides utilizing oxabicyclic alkenes as the electrophilic partner. Various P‐ylides including ester‐, ketone‐ and amide‐style P‐ylides are all applicable. This asymmetric reaction occurs through the cleavage of two bridgehead C−O bonds and the formation of two C−C bonds, and oxabenzonorbornadienes are used as 1,4‐biselectrophiles, thus providing access to benzonorcaradienes in good yields with high enantioselectivity and perfect diastereoselectivity. The present protocol also constitutes the first highly enantioselective direct catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of stabilized P‐ylide nucleophiles.
Palladium Catalysis for Aerobic Oxidation Systems Using Robust Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Li Jiawei , Liao Jianhua , Ren Yanwei , Liu Chi , Yue Chenglong , Lu Jiaming , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDescribed here is a new and viable approach to achieve Pd catalysis for aerobic oxidation systems (AOSs) by circumventing problems associated with both the oxidation and the catalysis through an all‐in‐one strategy, employing a robust metal–organic framework (MOF). The rational assembly of a PdII catalyst, phenanthroline ligand, and CuII species (electron‐transfer mediator) into a MOF facilitates the fast regeneration of the PdII active species, through an enhanced electron transfer from in situ generated Pd0 to CuII, and then CuI to O2, trapped in the framework, thus leading to a 10 times higher turnover number than that of the homogeneous counterpart for Pd‐catalyzed desulfitative oxidative coupling reactions. Moreover, the MOF catalyst can be reused five times without losing activity. This work provides the first exploration of using a MOF as a promising platform for the development of Pd catalysis for AOSs with high efficiency, low catalyst loading, and reusability.
Chiral‐Organotin‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Vicinal Amino Alcohols
Authors: Yang Hui , Zheng Wen‐Hua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA highly efficient kinetic resolution of racemic amino alcohols has been achieved for the first time with a chiral tin catalyst. A chiral organotin compound with 3,4,5‐trifluorophenyl groups at the 3,3′‐positions of the binaphthyl framework enabled this transformation with excellent yield and high enantioselectivity. The process tolerates aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted amino alcohols and a variety of other substrates, affording the corresponding products in high enantioselectivity and with s factors up to >500.
Anionic Dopant Delocalization through p‐Band Modulation to Endow Metal Oxides with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoactivity
Authors: Song Xianyin , He Dong , Li Wenqing , Ke Zunjian , Liu Jiangchao , Tang Chongyang , Cheng Li , Jiang Changzhong , Wang Ziyu , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn N‐doped TiO2 model reveals a conceptually different mechanism for activating the N dopant based on delocalized orbital hybridization through O vacancy incorporation. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, time‐resolved fluorescence, and DFT studies revealed that O vacancy incorporation can effectively stimulate the delocalization of N impurity states through p‐band orbital modulation, which leads to a significant enhancement in photocarrier lifetime. Consequently, this effect also results in a remarkable increase in the incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency in the range of 400–550 nm compared to that of conventional N‐incorporated TiO2 (15 % versus 1 % at 450 nm). This work reveals the fundamental necessity of orbital modulation in the band engineering of metal oxides for driving solar water splitting and beyond.
Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking studies and in vitro screening of new metal complexes with Schiff base as antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents
Authors: Pahonțu Elena , Proks Maria , Shova Sergiu , Lupașcu Gina , Ilieș Diana‐Carolina , Bărbuceanu Ștefania‐Felicia , Socea Laura‐Ileana , Badea Mihaela , Păunescu Virgil , Istrati Dorin , Gulea Aurelian , Drăgănescu Doina , Pîrvu Cristina Elena Dinu 
Published: September 2019

A series of Cu(II), Co(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Fe(III) complexes were designed and synthesized using Schiff base 1‐phenyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐4‐(N‐3‐formyl‐6‐methylchromone)‐3‐pyrazolin‐5‐one (HL). The new metal complexes were investigated using various physicochemical techniques including elemental and thermal analyses, molar electric conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, as well as spectroscopic methods. Also, the crystal structures of ligand HL and the Pd(II) complex were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. For all compounds, the antimicrobial activity was studied against a series of standard strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the ligand and complexes was evaluated against ten cancer cell lines: MSC, A375, B16 4A5, HT‐29, MCF‐7, HEp‐2, BxPC‐3, RD, MDCK and L20B. At 10 μM concentration a significant cytotoxic effect of the Co(II), Pd(II) and Cd(II) complexes was observed against B16 4A5 murine melanoma cells. The Zn(II) complex is active against HEp‐2, RD and MDCK cancer cell lines, where IC50 values vary between 1.0 and 77.6 and for BxPC‐3 the activity index versus doxorubicin is 3.7 times higher.
Improved photocatalytic performance of anatase TiO2 synthesized through ethanol supercritical drying technique
Authors: Zhang Xian , Liu Chang , Wang Min , Sun Xiao , Sun Xiao Yu , Qian Ni Xian , Rao Rui , Ma Yong Qing 
Published: September 2019

Anatase titania (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized via a self‐developed ethanol vapor‐thermal method at 240°C (T240) and 250°C (T250), i.e. at temperatures lower and higher, respectively, than the supercritical temperature (243.5°C, 7.0 MPa) of ethanol. Compared to T240, T250 exhibited a higher ratio of exposed (001) facets, oxygen vacancies, and concomitant TiOx. The specific surface area of T250 was 119.0 m2 g−1, smaller than that of T240 (144.2 m2 g−1). During the degradation of methylene blue, T250 exhibited a high apparent rate constant (Kapp) of 14.5 × 10−2 min−1, which was 6.3 times larger than that for T240. Furthermore, compared to T240, T250 exhibited better performance toward degradation of phenol. Results of electron spin resonance spectroscopy and photoluminescence indicated that the photogenerated electron–hole pairs possessed higher separation efficiency for T250 than for T240. In summary, the excellent photocatalytic performance of T250 originates from the higher ratios of exposed (001) facets, oxygen vacancies or TiOx, C═O groups adsorbed at the surface of particles, and higher separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. By employing this self‐developed vapor‐thermal method, a variety of catalysts and their composites can be synthesized, which may exhibit novel morphological characteristics and properties as well as excellent photocatalytic performance.
Enhanced Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysis over Bifunctional PtPdIr Mesoporous Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Deng Kai , Xu You , Dai Zechuan , Yu Hongjie , Yin Shuli , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDesigning and constructing nano‐architectures with abundant reactive atoms exposed on the surface and widely open pore interiors is an effective strategy for highly efficient utilization of Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, we report a facile method to synthesize tri‐metallic PtPdIr mesoporous hollow nanospheres (PtPdIr MHNSs) by selective chemical removal of sacrificial metallic cores from pre‐constructed Pd@PtIr mesoporous nanospheres (Pd@PtIr MNSs). The unique nano‐architectures, with mesoporous shells interconnected into the interior hollow cavities and the synergistic electronic effect from tri‐metallic PtPdIr composition, enable the as‐synthesized PtPdIr MHNSs to be efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for catalyzing both methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).