bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Selection of Relaxed-Clock Models: Distinguishing between Independent
and Autocorrelated Rates
Authors: Panchaksaram Muthukumaran , Freitas Lucas , dos Reis Mario 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Bayesian molecular-clock dating of species divergences, rate models are used to construct the prior on the molecular evolutionary rates for branches in the phylogeny, with independent and autocorrelated rate models being commonly used. The two classes of models, however, can result in markedly different divergence time estimates for the same data set, and thus selecting the best rate model appears important for obtaining reliable inferences of divergence times. However, the properties of Bayesian rate model selection are not well understood, in particular when the number of sequence partitions analyzed increases and when age calibrations (such as fossil calibrations) are misspecified. Furthermore, Bayesian rate model selection is computationally expensive as it requires the calculation of marginal likelihoods by Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, and therefore, methods that can speed up the model selection procedure without compromising its accuracy are desirable. In this study, we use a combination of computer simulations and real data analysis to investigate the statistical behavior of Bayesian rate model selection and we also explore approximations of the likelihood to improve computational efficiency in large phylogenomic data sets. Our simulations demonstrate that the posterior probability for the correct rate model converges to one as more molecular sequence partitions are analyzed and when no calibrations are used, as expected due to asymptotic Bayesian model selection theory. Furthermore, we also show the model selection procedure is robust to slight misspecification of calibrations, and reliable inference of the correct rate model is possible in this case. However, we show that when calibrations are seriously misspecified, calculated model probabilities are completely wrong and may converge to one for the wrong rate model. Finally, we demonstrate that approximating the phylogenetic likelihood under an arcsine branch-length transform can dramatically reduce the computational cost of rate model selection without compromising accuracy. We test the approximate procedure on two large phylogenies of primates (372 species) and flowering plants (644 species), replicating results obtained on smaller data sets using exact likelihood. Our findings and methodology can assist users in selecting the optimal rate model for estimating times and rates along the Tree of Life.
Erosive bilateral glenohumeral osteoarthritis caused by urosepsis-induced septic arthritis
Authors: Le Kiet , Lilley Tessa , Swanson Daniel , Jawa Andrew 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacterial infections of the skin, soft tissues, bones, bloodstream, and respiratory system. When the infection spreads to the joints, it is known as septic arthritis. The shoulder is the third most common location for septic arthritis in adults. Treatment is arthroscopic or open irrigation and debridement, but even after eradicating the bacteria, cartilage and bone destruction can occur. This article describes a patient who developed bilateral septic arthritis of the shoulders shortly after a urinary tract infection, and was treated with a relatively rare reverse shoulder hemiarthroplasty procedure.
Chronic Gabapentinoid Use and Lumbar Fusion Outcomes
Authors: Cetik Riza Mert , Glassman Steven D. , Mahoney Colleen , Gum Jeffrey L. , Crawford Charles H. , Owens R. Kirk , Dimar John R. , Kostic Benjamin , Carreon Leah Y. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective comparative cohort study

Objectives.
To examine the effects of chronic use of gabapentinoids (alone or with opiods) on the outcomes of lumbar fusions.

Summary of Background Data.
Opioids have historically been the mainstay medications for pain management, but the ongoing opioid epidemic led physicians to look for alternatives. Gabapentinoids (GPs) are used various indications, and chronic use for any indication may lead to a higher risk of adverse events, especially when combined with opioids.

Methods.
Patients ≥18 years of age who underwent posterior fusion of the lumbosacral spine and ≥1 year follow-up were included.Patients were grouped according to their preoperative chronic GP and opioid usage as GP and opioid non-user (-/-), GP user opioid non-user (+/-), GP non-user and opioid user (-/+) and GP and opioid user (+/+).

Results.
A total of 563 patients (M/F%=41/59, mean age 61.1 y) were included. 280 (49%) patients were in group -/-; while 110 (19%) were in +/-, 78 (15%) were in -/+ and 95 (17%) were in +/+. For ODI, back pain and leg pain, +/+ had the worst outcomes at all time points, while -/- had the best. Chronic GP users (+/-) showed back pain improvement similar to the -/- group, however the improvements in leg pain and ODI were considerably less. GP use resulted in increased postoperative opioid requirements, although not as much as chronic opioid use. Complication rates were similar.

Conclusions.
Chronic preoperative use of GPs may lead to inferior outcomes when compared with GP-naïve patients, and this is significantly accentuated when taken concurrently with opioids. Patients who are using both GPs and opioids had the worst results for almost every outcome measure. Given the significantly worse surgical outcomes documented in this study, concurrent use with opioids should be avoided.
Vascularized Fibular Graft With Femoral Head Epiphysis In Situ for Hip Reconstruction After Proximal Femoral Chondrosarcoma Resection in a Child
Authors: Mifsud Maximillian , Dangas Katerina , MacAulay Alexander 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The expansion of bone and joint reconstruction in pediatric sarcoma has reduced the use of ablative approaches. Due to the need to maintain growth potential and the finite life of metal implants, biological reconstruction has been traditionally preferred to endoprosthesis whenever possible, particularly in younger patients.

Methods:
This case report describes a novel surgical technique for proximal femoral reconstruction in a 10-year-old boy with chondrosarcoma of the right proximal femur. After surgical dislocation of the hip and wide excision of the tumor with preservation of the femoral epiphysis, the proximal femur was reconstructed with an autologous vascularised fibular graft, including the fibular head and proximal fibular physis, fixed to the residual femoral epiphysis proximally and diaphysis distally. Fibular diaphyseal struts were used to reconstruct the femoral neck and greater trochanter. The vascularized autologous graft was preferred over the allograft or acellular graft. The folded-over fibular struts were held together with screws, and the new femoral neck area was held to the femoral shaft with a combination of intramedullary press-fit and a medial calcar plate to buttress the construct.

Results:
At 1 year postoperatively, the patient continues to be disease-free (locally and systemically) and independently ambulant.

Conclusion:
This novel technique for proximal femoral reconstruction in pediatric sarcoma adds to the biological reconstructive options available to sarcoma surgeons. The focus is on maintaining bone growth at the femoral head while preserving native hip function.
Exploring the Impact of ICU Diary on ICU Survivors’ Emotions and Feelings
Authors: Villa Marta , Morale Valentina , Valverde Brenda , Andreossi Mara , Chinali Irene , Vigo Veronica , Valentino Alessandra , Cesana Matteo , Citterio Stefano , Lucchini Alberto 
Published: November 2024

Background
An intensive care unit (ICU) diary provides a powerful and moving account of a patient’s journey through critical care.

Aim
The primary goal of this research was to explore the qualitative perceptions of general ICU survivors toward the ICU diary, which was completed during their hospital stay and reintroduced to them during a follow-up visit 6 months after ICU discharge.

Setting
An Italian general ICU with structured follow-up and an ICU diary program.

Design
A qualitative descriptive method was used using semistructured telephone interviews involving 10 ICU survivors admitted between December 1, 2019, and April 30, 2021.

Findings
The main findings showed that the ICU diary is considered a very useful tool by ICU survivors to gain a better understanding of what happened during their ICU stay. Two main themes and 5 subthemes emerged from the analysis: (1) to fill the gap (clinical events in the ICU, family members’ experience, care provided by nurses and physicians) and (2) personal feelings (positive and negative). Reading the diary enabled participants, and hence unaware of their surroundings, to bridge a “time gap” and gain a clearer understanding of events that occurred during the ICU stay. The participants emphasized the significance of reading the ICU diary in understanding what their family members went through. The ICU diary has allowed individuals to become aware of the extensive efforts of health care professionals to meet their needs. Several emotions emerged from reading the ICU diary: amazement, contentment, gratitude, joy, love, affection, happiness, pain, and anguish.

Conclusions
ICU diaries are highly valued by ICU survivors because they allow them to gain a deeper understanding of ICU stay. Increased comprehension and processing of events can help reduce the symptoms of post–intensive care syndrome and empower patients to regain control of their lives with renewed motivation.
Evaluation of Traditional Liposuction, VASER Liposuction, and VASER Liposuction Combined with J-plasma in Management of Gynecomastia
Authors: Ouf Mohamed Ayman Abdelhalim , Kishk Tarek Fouad Abd El Hamid , Elnahas Mohamed AbdAllah 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Because gynecomastia is one of the most considerable aesthetic procedures for men, we are researching in our article recent management methods for high grades of gynecomastia.

Methods:
This prospective study included 45 individuals with gynecomastia, divided into 3 groups: group A (15 individuals) managed by traditional liposuction, group B (15 individuals) managed by vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance (VASER)-assisted lipoplasty, and group C (15 individuals) managed by VASER and J-plasma. Authors used a skin fold caliper for measurement of subareolar disk size and a Cutometer for assessment of skin pliability and firmness. The study was conducted at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt, and Reflect Center for Plastic Surgery in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were found among the groups in terms of reduction of subareolar disk size (assessed by skinfold caliper), skin redundancy (assessed by Cutometer), the need for a second stage of treatment, and patient satisfaction (by questionnaire).

Conclusions:
The combination of VASER and J-plasma is effective for managing grade 2 and 3 gynecomastia, resulting in significant reduction in subareolar disk size, minimal skin redundancy with enhanced skin firmness, reduced need for further procedures, and improved patient satisfaction compared with traditional methods.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Liposculpture in Private Practice
Authors: Cruz Vargas Johanna , Carbajal Barrios Miguel , De la Cruz Ku Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The popularity of liposculpture has increased due to the high patient satisfaction rate and low number of complications. However, in Latin America, serious complications have been reported due to various factors. Therefore, our objective was to determine the association of a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more with the development of postoperative complications in patients undergoing liposculpture.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients undergoing liposculpture at the Clinica Nova Quirurgica in Arequipa between 2020 and 2021.

Results:
A total of 231 patients were identified. The median age was 35 years, the majority of patients were women (97.4%), and 25.6% of patients had a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more. Postoperative complications developed in 13.4%, the majority being seromas (10.8%), followed by superficial site infections (2.6%), hematomas (1.7%), asymmetry (1.7%), and deep vein thrombosis (0.4%). No other complications were identified. In the multivariable analysis, risk factors for the development of complications were a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more [relative risk (RR) = 3.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27–10.32; P = 0.016], longer operative time (RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02; P = 0.001), and greater volume of fat removed (RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.01; P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Patients with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more undergoing liposculpture have a ~3.5-fold higher risk of developing postsurgical complications compared with patients without obesity. Other risk factors were longer operative time and greater volume of fat removed. Adequate patient selection is crucial to obtain optimal results.
Partially Reversible Episode of Blindness after Intravascular Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection
Authors: Barrera Patricia , Murray Gillian , Pantano Alejandra 
Published: November 2024

Summary:
Blindness from hyaluronic acid filler injections is an uncommon but devastating complication. We present a case of blindness related to a “skin booster.” It is often assumed that skin boosters have no risk of visual problems, and this case underlines the need to understand products’ rheology and chemistry. Given the lack of agreed consensus in bedside and secondary care management, it is important to report and describe all cases of vision loss caused by fillers, including assessment and management, to allow understanding of what may give rise to better outcomes.
Evaluation of a Commercially Available Radiochromic Film for Use as a Complementary Dosimeter for Rapid In-field Low Photon Equivalent Radiation Dose (≤50 mSv) Monitoring
Authors: Nivi Nicky , Moise Helen , Pejović-Milić Ana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the low photon radiation dose (≤50 mSv) response of commercially available radiochromic films as a potential field dosimeter that could be used by the Canadian Armed Forces to complement their existing personal radiation dosimeters. The films were exposed to various photon energies from x-ray devices and radioisotopes (cesium-137, cobalt-60, and americium-241), and their radiation signal was read using three methods: net optical density, UV/visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A complimentary film dosimeter for field usage should, for military use, display a visual color change and detect doses ≤50 mSv. Given the film’s radiochromic properties, it was determined that the net optical density method was the most optimal read-out method, which ascertained a minimum detection dose limit of 4.5 mSv under exposure to a clinical orthovoltage operated at 100 kVp. The film presented an overall linear relationship between net optical density and radiation dose; however, they also portrayed a photon energy-dependent response between 0-100 mSv. Overall, the radiochromic films presented a real-time visual dose signal that could be interpreted rapidly in a mobile laboratory and possessed the ability to detect photon doses ≤50 mSv below the vendor’s recommended limits, making it a suitable option as a complementary, disposable, military dosimetric tool. Future work includes the investigation of the film’s response under multi- and unknown source environments and environmental-dependent factors such as UV/sunlight exposure and extreme temperatures.
Clinical Best Practices for Radiation Safety During an Alpha DaRT Treatment
Authors: Cohen Yadin , Feldman Jon , Chaswal Vibha , Heard Sarah , Shin Evelyn , Feliciani Giacomo , Giraud Jean-Yves , Kuptzov Eleonora 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Alpha DaRT is a new alpha radiation treatment for treating solid tumors and is currently being evaluated through clinical trials worldwide. Being a novel radiation treatment, it is important to discuss the safety considerations and procedures that are needed to ensure safe use of this unique approach. The objective of this article is to provide a set of recommendations—radiation safety best practices that were developed based on operational and clinical experience.
INHERITED RETINAL DISEASE GENE PANEL IN POSTERIOR OR PANUVEITIS WITH DYSTROPHIC FEATURES
Authors: Abramowicz Stéphane , Meunier Audrey , Draganova Dafina , Caspers Laure , De Bruyne Marieke , Van de Sompele Stijn , De Baere Elfride , Leroy Bart P. , Postelmans Laurence , Willermain François 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the presence of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics class 3, 4, and 5 genetic variants in inherited retinal disease (IRD) genes in posterior or panuveitis with dystrophic features (PUD) in a Belgian cohort.

Methods:
Multicentric, retrospective study of PUD cases diagnosed between January 2012 and February 2022. Inherited retinal disease gene panels were analyzed in every patient. Three PUD categories were defined as follows: idiopathic posterior or panuveitis with retinitis pigmentosa-like features (PURPL), idiopathic posterior or panuveitis with other dystrophic features (PUOD), and posterior or panuveitis with established ophthalmological or systemic etiology and dystrophic features (POSED).

Results:
The authors included 12 patients (7 women, 5 men). The mean age at inclusion was 52.2 years (26–80 years). Three patients demonstrated class 4 or 5 variants in genes that led to a diagnostic reclassification. One patient had a class 3 variant in an X-linked IRD gene that possibly explained his phenotype. Seven patients had variants in IRD genes that could not explain their phenotype. One patient had a negative panel result.

Conclusion:
Inherited retinal disease gene panel analysis allowed diagnosis refinement in 3/12 (25%) patients in the PUD cohort, all belonging to the PURPL subgroup. The authors recommend that all patients with PURPL benefit from gene panel testing to avoid overlooking undiagnosed IRDs.
Professionals’ Reported Practices to Involve Families in Initial Evaluations for Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education
Authors: Stein Rachel , Steed Elizabeth , Charlifue-Smith Renee 
Published: November 2024

It is well recognized and codified into law that families are an important part of early childhood evaluations; how families are included in evaluations in practice is less clear. To learn about family involvement, a nationally distributed survey focused on early childhood professionals’ (n = 1,118) use of family-centered practices before, during, and after the initial evaluation for early intervention (EI) and preschool special education. A mixed methods design was utilized to explore how professionals reported to involve families before, during, and after initial evaluations. Results varied for professionals involved in initial evaluations for EI versus preschool special education. Qualitative analyses revealed the challenges professionals identified when attempting to engage families in the initial evaluation process. Implications of the study findings are discussed for policy, practice, and research related to family involvement in the initial evaluation process.
Optimization of Clozapine Treatment
Authors: Olmos Ismael , Ricciardi Carina , Mato Mauricio , Guevara Natalia , Acuña Sabrina , Maldonado Cecilia , Vázquez Marta , Toledo Mauricio , Menéndez Clara , Blanco Valentina , Badano José L. , Cayota Alfonso , Spangenberg Lucia , Cardenas-Rodriguez Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

Purpose/Background
Clozapine is the recommended drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Drug response could be affected by numerous factors such as age, sex, body mass index, co-medication, consumption of xanthine-containing beverages, smoking, and genetic variants of the enzymes involved in clozapine metabolism (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and, to a lesser extent, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6). This study evaluated genetic and nongenetic variables that may affect clozapine plasma concentrations in Uruguayan patients with schizophrenia.

Methods/Procedures
Demographic data including sex, age, ethnicity, body weight, smoking habit, concomitant medication, and xanthine consumption were collected through a data collection form. Clozapine and norclozapine concentrations were determined using an HPLC system equipped with a UV detector. Genetic variants were determined through next-generation sequencing using Illumina sequencing technology and a panel of DNA probes.

Findings/Results
Fifty patients were included in the study. After evaluation, only tobacco use and obesity had a significant impact on clozapine exposure (P < 0.05). The high prevalence of the genetic variant CYP1A2*1F may account for the significant impact that tobacco smoking has on clozapine concentrations. Some common adverse effects observed in this study depend on clozapine plasma concentrations, such as constipation and sialorrhea.

Implications/Conclusions
These types of studies provide the clinician with tools to optimize clozapine therapy, attempting to use the minimum effective dose and attenuating the burden of concentration-dependent adverse reactions.
Grenfell Tower Fire: Toxic Effluents and Assessment of Firefighters’ Health Impacts
Authors: Stec Anna A. , Purser David A. , Hull T. Richard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study assesses the health symptoms and longer- term health outcomes of firefighters who attended the Grenfell Tower fire.

Methods
All available data sources were analysed, including databases published by the Public Inquiry, the Firefighter Cancer and Disease Registry, incident logs and sickness reports up to 3 years post-fire.

Results
Over three times as many firefighters who reported exposure to smoke during the fire, also reported digestive and respiratory diseases following the fire, compared to those not reporting exposure to smoke. Other, more complex relationships are reported between smoke exposure, immediate health symptoms and longer-term health outcomes.

Conclusions
The incident’s urgency led professional firefighters to operate without respiratory protection equipment resulting in debilitating health effects.