bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of diabetes and antidiabetic medications on the risk of pancreatic cancer: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
Authors: Lee Da Young , Yu Ji Hee , Park Sanghyun , Han Kyungdo , Kim Nam Hoon , Yoo Hye Jin , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Kim Nan Hee , Seo Ji A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of diabetes and antidiabetic medications on the risk of pancreatic cancer(PaC). We extracted data on Koreans with newly diagnosed diabetes and selected age- and sex-matched controls provided by the National Health Insurance Corporation. Incident PaC was defined as a new registration in the Korea Central Cancer Registry under ICD-10 C25 with admission history until 2015. During 19,429,617.1 person-years, 8,589 PaCs were identified in 1,005,409 subjects for diabetes group and 4,021,636 subjects for control group. The diabetes group showed more than a two-fold risk for PaC compared with the control group. Among antidiabetic medications, metformin, thiazolidinedione, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor exposure was associated with decreased risk for future PaC(hazard ratio[95% confidence interval] = 0.86[0.77–0.96], 0.82[0.68–0.98], 0.57[0.51–0.64], respectively), whereas sulfonylurea and insulin exposure was related to increased risk(hazard ratio[95% CI] = 1.73[1.57–1.91], 2.86[1.43–5.74], respectively) compared to subjects with no drug exposure. Moreover, subjects with dual exposure history to metformin plus thiazolidinedione or metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor had a lower risk of PaC compared to metformin-only treated subjects. In conclusion, Korean adults with diabetes are at higher risk of PaC compared with nondiabetic individuals, and this risk may be modified by antidiabetic medications.
Three-terminal RGB full-color OLED pixels for ultrahigh density displays
Authors: Fröbel Markus , Fries Felix , Schwab Tobias , Lenk Simone , Leo Karl , Gather Malte C. , Reineke Sebastian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology has been a rapidly evolving field of research, successfully making the transition to commercial applications such as mobile phones and other small portable devices. OLEDs provide efficient generation of light, excellent color quality, and allow for innovative display designs, e.g., curved shapes, mechanically flexible and/or transparent devices. Especially their self emissive nature is a highly desirable feature for display applications. In this work, we demonstrate an approach for full-color OLED pixels that are fabricated by vertical stacking of a red-, green-, and blue-emitting unit. Each unit can be addressed separately which allows for efficient generation of every color that is accessible by superpositioning the spectra of the individual emission units. Here, we use a combination of time division multiplexing and pulse width modulation to achieve efficient color mixing. The presented device design requires only three independently addressable electrodes, simplifying both fabrication and electrical driving. The device is built in a top-emission geometry, which is highly desirable for display fabrication as the pixel can be directly deposited onto back-plane electronics. Despite the top-emission design and the application of three silver layers within the device, there is only a minor color shift even for large viewing angles. The color space spanned by the three emission sub-units exceeds the sRGB space, providing more saturated green/yellow/red colors. Furthermore, the electrical performance of each individual unit is on par with standard single emission unit OLEDs, showing very low leakage currents and achieving brightness levels above 1000 cd/m2 at moderate voltages of around 3–4 V.
Indirect comparison of efficacy and safety between immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic therapy in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Jin-Hua , Yang Jia-Lian , Chou Che-Yi , Wang Jiun-Yi , Hung Chin-Chuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, we conducted an indirect comparison analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors with those of antiangiogenic therapy—two effective treatment methods for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eligible randomised control trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors, antiangiogenic therapy, and doublet platinum-based therapy published up to July 2017 were comprehensively analysed. Through the indirect comparison analysis of 37 trials involving 16810 patients, treatments were compared for overall survival (OS) and grade 3–5 adverse events. For first-line treatment, the use of pembrolizumab alone (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4–0.91) and a combination of bevacizumab and doublet platinum-based therapy (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75–0.99) demonstrated substantial survival benefits compared with doublet platinum-based therapy. For subsequent treatment, nivolumab may provide higher efficacy and lower toxicity than antiangiogenic therapy. Overall, anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies may be superior to antiangiogenic therapy in terms of OS and grade 3–5 adverse events. This meta-analysis suggests that pembrolizumab and nivolumab might be favourable choices for first-line and subsequent treatment, respectively, for patients with advanced NSCLC. Additional randomised control trials are required for a comprehensive evaluation of the outcomes among regimens.
Severity of Airflow Obstruction and Work Loss in a Nationwide Population of Working Age
Authors: Shin Sun Hye , Park Jihwan , Cho Juhee , Sin Don D. , Lee Hyun , Park Hye Yun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe impact of COPD severity on labor force participation and work loss is not well known. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of occupations and to evaluate the reason for work loss based on the severity of airflow obstruction (AO). We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V−VI. We identified 9,901 people aged 40 to 60 years who had normal or AO in spirometry test results. AO was defined as a pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity <70%. AO was present in 7.6% of the subjects, and 81.5%, 82.9%, and 71.6% of subjects with mild, moderate, and severe-to-very severe AO were in the labor force, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed that severe-to-very severe AO subjects were more likely to have precarious job (adjusted OR = 4.71, 95% CI = 1.70–13.06) and cite health-related problem as the reason for not being in the labor force (adjusted OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.03–11.02). Overall, AO was not associated with any significant changes in labor force participation. However, subjects with severe-to-very severe disease were more likely to drop out of the labor force owing to their health-related problems.
Manipulation of visible-light polarization with dendritic cell-cluster metasurfaces
Authors: Fang Zhen-Hua , Chen Huan , An Di , Luo Chun-Rong , Zhao Xiao-Peng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCross-polarization conversion plays an important role in visible light manipulation. Metasurface with asymmetric structure can be used to achieve polarization conversion of linearly polarized light. Based on this, we design a quasi-periodic dendritic metasurface model composed of asymmetric dendritic cells. The simulation indicates that the asymmetric dendritic structure can vertically rotate the polarization direction of the linear polarization wave in visible light. Silver dendritic cell-cluster metasurface samples were prepared by the bottom-up electrochemical deposition. It experimentally proved that they could realize the cross - polarization conversion in visible light. Cross-polarized propagating light is deflected into anomalous refraction channels. Dendritic cell-cluster metasurface with asymmetric quasi-periodic structure conveys significance in cross-polarization conversion research and features extensive practical application prospect and development potential.
Magnetostratigraphic dating of the hominin occupation of Bailong Cave, central China
Authors: Kong Yanfen , Deng Chenglong , Liu Wu , Wu Xiujie , Pei Shuwen , Sun Lu , Ge Junyi , Yi Liang , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntermontane basins in the southern piedmont of the Qinling Mountains are important sources of information on hominin occupation and settlement, and provide an excellent opportunity to study early human evolution and behavioral adaptation. Here, we present the results of a detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation of the sedimentary sequence of hominin-bearing Bailong Cave in Yunxi Basin, central China. Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale was achieved using previously published biostratigraphy,26Al/10Be burial dating, and coupled electron spin resonance (ESR) and U-series dating. The Bailong Cave hominin-bearing layer is dated to the early Brunhes Chron, close to the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal at 0.78 Ma. Our findings, coupled with other records, indicate the flourishing of early humans in mainland East Asia during the Mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT). This suggests that early humans were adapted to diverse and variable environments over a broad latitudinal range during the MPT, from temperate northern China to subtropical southern China.
Temperature dependent polarity inversion in double‐metal terahertz emitters
Authors: Gow P.C. , McBryde D. , Berry S.A. , Apostolopoulos V. 
Published: June 2018

The temperature dependent polarity inversion in double‐metal (DM) terahertz (THz) emitters was investigated. DM emitters utilising different metal pairings and single edge metal emitters were cooled in a helium flow cryostat and their THz emission was measured over a range of temperatures. Most emitters, including those with insulating layers between the metal and semiconductor, exhibit a flip in polarity of their THz emission between 50 and 100 K. This shows the inversion is a trait intrinsic to the semiconductor and not influenced by the metallic contact on the surface.
Was sagt das Return to Work ein Jahr nach Ende einer beruflichen Bildungsleistung über die längerfristige berufliche Teilhabe aus?
Authors: Hetzel Christian , Streibelt Marco 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Berufliche Bildungsleistungen sind lange und teure Rehabilitationsleistungen. Fraglich ist, ob der Status der Erwerbstätigkeit 12 Monate nach der Leistung (RTW) ein Proxy für das längerfristige Erwerbseinkommen ist.
Methodik Auf Basis des Scientific-Use-File SUFRSDLV09B der Deutschen Rentenversicherung wurde mittels Fixed-Effects-Regressionen der Effekt von beruflichen Bildungsleistungen auf das jahresdurchschnittliche Tageseinkommen für jedes der 3 Jahre danach ermittelt. Dies erfolgte jeweils in Bezug auf das Ausgangsniveau vor der Leistung und in Abhängigkeit vom RTW.
Ergebnisse Im Durchschnitt werden Einkommensverluste von etwa 20 € pro Tag abgebildet. Vorher erwerbstätige Personen müssen Einkommensverluste von bis zu 50 € pro Tag hinnehmen. Vorher erwerbslose Personen können dagegen Einkommensgewinne von bis zu 30 € pro Tag erzielen. Die Einkommensentwicklung unterscheidet sich deutlich in Abhängigkeit vom RTW: Es werden je nach Teilgruppe Effektstärken von d=0,52 bis 1,33 ausgewiesen.
Schlussfolgerung RTW ist ein gutes Proxy für die längerfristige Einkommensentwicklung nach beruflichen Bildungsleistungen und als Indikator für die Ergebnisqualität zu empfehlen.
Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben – Rehabilitanden der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung im Vergleich
Authors: Nivorozhkin Anton , Reims Nancy , Zollmann Pia , Bethge Matthias 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) und die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV) sind die größten Träger von Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA). Strukturmerkmale der Geförderten und die Inanspruchnahme von LTA werden vergleichend dargestellt sowie kurzfristige Entwicklungen abgebildet.
Methodik Die Prozessdatensätze der BA und DRV wurden so aufbereitet, dass sie möglichst vergleichbar waren. Eingeschlossen wurden Personen mit anerkanntem Reha-Status bzw. bewilligter LTA, die zwischen 2011 und 2015 ein Reha-Verfahren beendeten.
Ergebnisse Sowohl bei der BA als auch der DRV hat die Inanspruchnahme von LTA zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine absolute und relative Zunahme von Personen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Anerkennung bzw. Bewilligung beschäftigt waren und von Personen, die technische Hilfen in Anspruch genommen haben. Die durch die BA geförderten Rehabilitanden sind jünger und haben höhere Schulabschlüsse. Sie sind häufiger arbeitslos und nehmen häufiger Weiterbildungs- und Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen in Anspruch. Durch die DRV geförderte Personen sind häufiger beschäftigt und erhalten v. a. technische Hilfen.
Schlussfolgerungen Auch wenn sich die Rehabilitanden der BA und der DRV aufgrund der jeweiligen rechtlichen Zuständigkeiten von BA und DRV v. a. hinsichtlich des Alters unterscheiden, sind vergleichbare Entwicklungen der Förderpopulationen und Leistungen zu beobachten.
The Difference between White and Red Ginseng: Variations in Ginsenosides and Immunomodulation
Authors: He Min , Huang Xin , Liu Shuying , Guo Chunsheng , Xie Yufei , Meijer Annemarie H. , Wang Mei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGinseng Radix (Panax ginseng) is one of the most commonly used herbs worldwide for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases among others, supported by ancient historical records. Throughout this long history, the large-scale cultivation of ginseng created an increasing demand for long-term storage of the harvested plant material, accelerating the development of post-harvesting procedures. Dried white ginseng and processed (steamed) red ginseng are the products of the two most common traditional post-harvest processes. Although there are a significant number of reports on practice-based therapeutic applications of ginseng, science-based evidence is needed to support these uses. Using a reverse pharmacology approach in conjunction with high-throughput techniques and animal models may offer clear, simple paths for the elucidation of the mechanisms of activity of herbal medicines. Moreover, it could provide a new and more efficient method for the discovery of potential drug candidates. From this perspective, the different chemical compositions of white ginseng and red ginseng could very likely result in different interactions with signaling pathways of diverse biological responses. This paper provides an overview of white ginseng and red ginseng, mainly focusing on their chemical profile and immunomodulation activities. Synergistic effects of ginseng herbal drugs with combinations of other traditional herbal drugs or with synthetic drugs were reviewed. The use of the zebrafish model for bioactivity testing greatly improves the prospects for future ginseng research.
Use of Synthetic Osteochondral Implants to Treat Bilateral Shoulder Osteochondritis Dissecans in a Dog
Authors: Farrell Michael , Danielski Alan 
Published: June 2018

Case Description An 8-month-old American Bulldog was presented for assessment of bilateral thoracic limb lameness. Computed tomographic imaging revealed large, deep osteochondritis dissecans lesions in both humeral heads.
Treatment and Outcome The osteochondritis dissecans lesions were debrided and the exposed subchondral defects were prepared to receive synthetic grafts. Circular implants consisting of a surface layer of polycarbonate urethane and a deep layer of lattice-type titanium were implanted into the osteochondral defects to reconstruct the articular surface topography. Follow-up clinical examination 1.5, 3 and 9months postoperatively revealed a lack of signs of shoulder pain and resolution of thoracic limb lameness. Nine-month follow-up radiographs showed radiographic evidence of osteointegration of both implants.
Clinical Relevance Synthetic osteochondral implantation in the caudocentral aspect of the humeral head appeared technically feasible and effective in resolving lameness caused by humeral head osteochondritis dissecans.
An Unusual Neonatal Presentation of Scimitar Syndrome
Authors: Abdul Aziz Ahmad , Thomas Sumesh , Lautner David , Al Awad Essa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractScimitar syndrome is characterized by partial or total anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung along with pulmonary hypoplasia. We present a case of a 37 weeks' gestation male infant with antenatal ultrasound findings of suspected partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) and coarctation of the aorta. The newborn presented with respiratory distress, a chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) angiogram confirmed the diagnosis of scimitar syndrome. The combination of scimitar syndrome with aortic coarctation is extremely rare with only a few cases previously reported.
Medium- to Long-Term Results of the Nexgen Legacy Posterior Stabilized Fixed-Bearing Knee Replacement
Authors: Arikupurathu Oommen Mathew , Johnston Linda , MacInnes Alasdair , Nicol Graeme , Nassif Manhal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe NexGen legacy posterior stabilized (LPS) prosthesis was introduced in 1997 after many design changes to its predecessor, the Insall–Burstein II prosthesis. However, there have been no reported long-term studies on the performance of this implant. Prospectively, collected data from a local database comprising primary total knee replacements (TKRs) with LPS between 1997 and 2002 was analyzed. All implants were fixed with cement. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years, with patient satisfaction, range of movement, and Knee Society score (KSS) assessed. A total of 621 primary TKRs were analyzed with an average follow-up of 11.25 years (9.15–14.55). The mean age was 69.53 years. The mean KSS was 88.97 and mean flexion increased from 88.3 to 103.5 degrees at 10 years. Kaplan–Meier's analysis revealed a survivorship of 96.5% with revision for any reason as the end point and 98.9% if aseptic loosening was the reason for revision at 14 years. This study revealed excellent mid- to long-term results with the NexGen LPS prosthesis.
Conventional versus Smart Wireless Navigation in Total Knee Replacement: Similar Outcomes in a Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Denti Matteo , Soldati Francesco , Bartolucci Francesca , Morenghi Emanuela , De Girolamo Laura , Randelli Pietro 
Published: June 2018

Purpose The development of new computer-assisted navigation technologies in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has attracted great interest; however, the debate remains open as to the real reliability of these systems. We compared conventional TKA with last generation computer-navigated TKA to find out if navigation can reach better radiographic and clinical outcomes.
Methods Twenty patients with tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis were prospectively selected for conventional TKA (n = 10) or last generation computer-navigated TKA (n = 10). Data regarding age, gender, operated side, and previous surgery were collected. All 20 patients received the same cemented posterior-stabilized TKA. The same surgical instrumentation, including alignment and cutting guides, was used for both the techniques. A single radiologist assessed mechanical alignment and tibial slope before and after surgery. A single orthopaedic surgeon performed clinical evaluation at 1 year after the surgery. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the outcomes of the two groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results No significant differences in mechanical axis or tibial slope was found between the two groups. The clinical outcome was equally good with both techniques. At a mean follow-up of 15.5 months (range, 13–25 months), all patients from both groups were generally satisfied with a full return to daily activities and without a significance difference between them.
Conclusion Our data showed that clinical and radiological outcomes of TKA were not improved by the use of computer-assisted instruments, and that the elevated costs of the system are not warranted.
Level of Evidence This is a Level II, randomized clinical trial.
Ergotherapie in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Hirsch Ute , Zobel Jörg 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Ergotherapie ist Teil des multidisziplinären Behandlungsteams im Fachbereich Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie. Der Ergotherapeut behandelt Patienten mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen,
chronischen oder degenerativen Erkrankungen, nach Unfallverletzungen oder operativen Eingriffen und verfügt dabei über ein weites Spektrum von Behandlungsmaßnahmen, die individuell
auf die Situation des Patienten und seine Bedürfnisse abgestimmt werden. Gemeinsam mit dem Patienten werden Therapieziele festgelegt und die Therapie gestaltet. Die Ergotherapie
versucht, die Ressourcen des Patienten in die Behandlung zu integrieren und ihn darin zu unterstützen, zum Experten seiner eigenen Erkrankung zu werden.
Predicting perturbation patterns from the topology of biological networks
Authors: Santolini Marc , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The development of high-throughput technologies has allowed mapping a significant proportion of interactions between biochemical entities in the cell. However, it is unclear how much information is lost given the lack of measurements on the kinetic parameters governing the dynamics of these interactions. Using biochemical networks with experimentally measured kinetic parameters, we show that a knowledge of the network topology offers 65–80% accuracy in predicting the impact of perturbation patterns. In other words, we can use the increasingly accurate topological models to approximate perturbation patterns, bypassing expensive kinetic constant measurement. These results could open new avenues in modeling drug action and in identifying drug targets relying on the human interactome only.
Spiky electric and magnetic field structures in flux rope experiments
Authors: Gekelman W. , Tang S. W. , DeHaas T. , Vincena S. , Pribyl P. , Sydora R. 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceThe phenomena investigated in this paper are relevant to the general subject of interfaces and mixing within the context of multiscale transport under nonequilibrium plasma conditions, and the phenomena fit well into the theme of this Special Feature. Magnetic flux ropes consist of helical magnetic fields with varying pitch, and on multiscale processes, such as induced magnetic and electric structures, become embedded in the magnetic flux ropes. Time domain structures (TDSs) spontaneously develop between the flux ropes and are associated with magnetic reconnection. The spiky nonlinear structures dominate the electric and magnetic field and are not described by a simple power law. They are not predicted by fluid theory and could be a major factor in the development of new turbulence theories.
Cellulose crystals plastify by localized shear
Authors: Molnár Gergely , Rodney David , Martoïa Florian , Dumont Pierre J. J. , Nishiyama Yoshiharu , Mazeau Karim , Orgéas Laurent 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceWhile most attention has so far been devoted to the tensile properties of crystalline cellulose, the main elementary building block of plants, we show here using atomistic simulations that their shear is also an important mode of deformation, occurring at stress levels lower than tension with much larger ductility. We also demonstrate how crystalline defects like dislocations drastically facilitate plasticity. This analysis can be used as a basis for the micromechanical modeling of cellulose microfibrils that are currently considered as promising eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fibers for structural materials.