bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Coronary Syndrome in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Population-based Study
Authors: Leclair Valérie , Svensson John , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Holmqvist Marie 
Published: March 2019

Objective.Evidence suggests an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of ACS in an incident IIM cohort compared to the general Swedish population.Methods.A cohort of 655 individuals with incident IIM and 6813 general population comparators were identified from national registries. IIM subjects were diagnosed from 2002 to 2011. Followup started at IIM diagnosis and corresponding date in the general population. ACS, CV comorbidities, and CV risk factors were defined using International Classification of Diseases codes. Incidence rates including 95% CI were calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of ACS in patients with IIM and the general population. The competing risk of death was accounted for using competing risk regression models.Results.The incidence rate of ACS in IIM was higher than in the general population, particularly within the first year of diagnosis and in older individuals. The overall ACS incidence rate in IIM was 15.6 (95% CI 11.7–20.4) per 1000 person-years, with an HR of 2.4 (95% CI 1.8–3.2) compared with the general population. When accounting for the competing risk of death, the risk of ACS in IIM remained increased with a cumulative incidence of 7% at 5 years compared to 3.3% in the general population.Conclusion.IIM individuals are at higher risk of ACS, particularly within the first year after diagnosis.
The redesign of amoxicillin capsules as a tablet dosage form using direct compression
Authors: Elgahmi Salem , Alrishei Nawal , Algaraboly Rabeaa , Altrablesy Aisha , El-Mahdi Idris 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Solid dosage forms are the most commonly used dosage form for drug delivery, and tablets are more popular than capsules because of its lower production cost, minimal potential of content tampering, and the large number of designs of tablets for various applications. Aims: The aim of this work is to redesign amoxicillin hard gelatin capsules (HGCs), commonly filled into HGCs, into tablet dosage form by employing preformulation principles. Materials and Methods: Amoxicillin capsules were obtained from the local market for this purpose. Experiments included studies on flowability and effect of compression force, followed by addition of excipients, production of tablets by direct compression, and evaluation employing standard methods of friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution, and simulation of release kinetics. Results: The flowability of powder was estimated using Carr's index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, and bulk density. The flowability was found poor for amoxicillin alone or with starch but improved with talc. Compression force was found to be a significant factor on friability, hardness, and disintegration. The disintegration time was rapid in case of tablets containing starch compared to amoxicillin powder compressed alone. It was essential to include small amounts of disintegrant and a lubricant to optimize tablet properties. Dissolution rates for the prepared tablets were found to be acceptable, while some formulations showed a slow release profiles corresponding to their slow disintegration. Release kinetics was found to follow both the zero-order and matrix models. Conclusion: Amoxicillin capsules can be modified to a tablet dosage form with simple handling of preformulation properties.
Rings whose Elements are the Sum of a Tripotent and an Element from the Jacobson Radical
Authors: Koşan M. Tamer , Yildirim Tülay , Zhou Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper is about rings $R$ for which every element is a sum of a tripotent and an element from the Jacobson radical $J(R)$. These rings are called semi-tripotent rings. Examples include Boolean rings, strongly nil-clean rings, strongly 2-nil-clean rings, and semi-boolean rings. Here, many characterizations of semi-tripotent rings are obtained. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a Morita context (respectively, for a group ring of an abelian group or a locally finite nilpotent group) to be semi-tripotent are proved.
From Portuguese to Iberian Milton? A Selection of Facts and Questions
Authors: da Silva Jorge Bastos 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
This article highlights important aspects of the reception of Milton's work in Portugal between the year 1789, when the first translation of Paradise Lost was published, and c. 1850, when the Portuguese “liberal” regime achieved consolidation. Close textual analysis of translations of Paradise Lost as well as of Areopagitica is complemented by an examination of the social and ideological context. Finally, the article draws a parallel with the situation in Spain in the same period and suggests a comparative study of the reception of Milton in the two countries by raising various research questions.
Determining underlying presence in the learning of grammars that allow insertion and deletion
Authors: Nyman Alexandra , Tesar Bruce 
Published: March 2019

The simultaneous learning of a phonological map from inputs to outputs and a lexicon of phonological underlying forms has been a focus of several research efforts (Jarosz 2006; Apoussidou 2007; Merchant 2008; Merchant &amp; Tesar 2008; Tesar 2014). One of the numerous challenges is that of computational efficiency, which led to the investigation of learning with output-driven maps (Tesar 2014). Prior work on learning with output-driven maps has focused on systems in which the only disparities between inputs and outputs were segmental identity disparities (differences in the value of a feature). Inclusion of segmental insertion and deletion disparities exacerbates computational concerns, as it increases the number of possible correspondence relations between an input and an output, and makes the space of possible inputs for a word infinite due to the possible presence of an unbounded number of deleted segments. We propose an extension of that earlier work to handle phonologies that permit insertion and deletion, and evaluate the proposal by applying it to cases in Basic CV Syllable Theory (Jakobson 1962; Clements &amp; Keyser 1983; Prince &amp; Smolensky 2004). First, we propose that a learner represent information about the possible presence/absence of a segment in an underlying form via a presence feature. The presence feature can be set using the same inconsistency detection method that has previously been used to set other segmental features. This allows the learner to combine evidence from paradigmatically related words in a single compact representation. Second, we propose that the learner only consider for underlying forms segments that surface in at least one surface realization of the morpheme. This approach is justified by the structure of output-driven maps, and avoids the potential for an unbounded number of possibly deleted segments in an underlying form. A proof is given for the validity of the method for avoiding unbounded deletion. The resulting learner is able to learn some grammatical regularities about segmental insertion and deletion; this is shown via two manual step-by-step applications of the algorithm. Verificatory simulations for learning the entire typology of Basic CV Syllable Theory are left to work in the near future.
Educação intergeracional e envelhecimento bem sucedido
Authors: Antunes Maria Da Conceição Pinto , Moreira Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2019

A intervenção aqui descrita resultou de um trabalho de investigação/intervenção de caráter intergeracional, desenvolvida numa Instituição Social de Solidariedade Social (IPSS) do norte de Portugal, abrangendo um grupo de 17 idosos com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e 70 anos e um grupo de 15 crianças/adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os dez e 14 anos. O objetivo geral do projeto centrou-se na promoção do envelhecimento bem-sucedido e a inclusão social, através do desenvolvimento de atividades favorecedoras da interação e educação/ aprendizagem intergeracional. Recorrendo ao paradigma interpretativo-hermenêutico, foi desenvolvido um trabalho de investigação-ação participativa utilizando as técnicas de animação sociocultural, enquanto metodologias que fomentam a motivação e participação da população-alvo do projeto. Partindo dos interesses, necessidades e potencialidades dos participantes foram desenvolvidas três oficinas: Oficina da Descoberta, Oficina da Construção e Oficina da Intergeracionalidade, onde foram dinamizados diversos tipos de atividades a nível físico, cognitivo, lúdico, afetivo e cultural que permitiram desenvolveras capacidades funcionais (mobilidade, memória, criatividade, reflexão crítica) e fomentar o convívio e as relações intra e intergeracionais. Os resultados do projeto revelaram alterações significativas a níveldo aumento do bem-estar físico e psicológico, melhor relacionamento interpessoal e aquisição de novas aprendizagens.
Hipertensão arterial e osteoporose no processo do envelhecimento: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Saquet Luana Decian , Weis Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra , Rossato Bruna De Moraes , Vizzoto Cassiano Boessio , Basso Cristiana , Blümke Adriane Cervi 
Published: March 2019

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são umas das principais causas de morte no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura avaliando a prevalência, os fatores de risco, a prevenção e o tratamento de duas doenças envolvidas no processo de envelhecimento, a hipertensão e a osteoporose. Foi realizado busca nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), cujos termos de busca foram “doença crônica”, “idoso”, “hipertensão” ou “osteoporose”. Foram incluídos artigos originais e artigos de revisão em português ou em inglês, e excluiu-se da pesquisa artigos que não estivessem disponíveis online gratuitamente na íntegra. Foram encontrados 1393 artigos, sendo selecionadas para o estudo 26 publicações nacionais e internacionais, divulgadas entre os anos de 2004 e 2014. Como resultados, observou-se que a hipertensão e a osteoporose consistem em doenças de elevada prevalência entre os idosos, principalmente entre as mulheres. Fatores genéticos e ambientais, como o tabagismo, o etilismo, o sedentarismo e a alimentação constituem nos principais fatores de risco dessas doenças. A prevenção dessas doenças é baseada em cuidados com os fatores de risco, como a prática de exercícios físicos e uma alimentação rica em frutas e verduras, e pobre em sal, no caso da hipertensão. O tratamento da osteoporose e da hipertensão usualmente ocorre por intervenção cirúrgica e farmacológica, respectivamente. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo contribuem para o melhor entendimento sobre essas doenças, auxiliando na busca por um envelhecimento saudável.
Experimental Study of Active T-Foil Control of Longitudinal Motions of a Trimaran Hull in Irregular Waves
Authors: Zong Zhi , Sun Yifang , Jiang Yichen 
Published: March 2019

High-speed ships often experience over larger ship motions in waves. Therefore, highspeed ships without motion control hardly have practical commercial values. Recent years saw wider adoptions of T-foils on high-speed ships, which greatly improve ship performances in waves. In this study, we designed a series of model tests to study the motion-reducing effects of T-foils in waves. Heaves, pitches, and bow accelerations are quantities to be measured in the experimental tests. The study shows that the reduction effects of T-foil-controlled longitudinal motions of a trimaran model are prominent. Comparing with naked model tests, it is found that active T-foil controls may reduce motions of trimaran ships in irregular waves by about 20–30%. In the most favorable case, the reduction is as high as 51%. This study shows that installation of T-foils may dramatically reduce the motions and, thus, provide an efficient control tool to mitigate ship motions in waves. The main aims of the present study were to provide an experimental setup for model testing of an active T-foil control system and determine the control equations. Although the control and actuation systems designed in this study are simple, they do produce the required effects. The model-tested control equations can be used for high-speed foil-type ship design directly if proper similarity ratios are used to project the model test results to real ships.

1. Introduction
Increasing the length-to-beam ratio is one of the most effective ways to reduce wave-making resistance so that high speed can be achieved (Ackers et al. 1998). High-speed ships with very slender hulls are, however, not stable. Placing two small side hulls on the port and starboard with displacements less than 10% of the total ship displacements improves the ship's stability greatly. This simple consideration led to the fast development of trimaran hull forms in recent years (Coppola & Mandarino 2001; Degiuli et al. 2003; Oh et al. 2005). Encouraged by the successful sea trials of the 127-m-long littoral combat ship Independence at the speed of 50 knots, researchers move forward to search for new technology to improve the motion performances of trimaran hull forms in waves (Li et al. 2002; Hebblewhite et al. 2007; Jia et al. 2009). This is because high-speed ships are faced with the big challenge of severe oscillations in waves. Too large motion responses in waves would counterbalance the high-speed benefits. Therefore, motion control is crucial for high-speed trimaran ships.
Functional Consequences of Keratan Sulfate Sulfation in Electrosensory Tissues and in Neuronal Regulation
Authors: Melrose James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKeratan sulfate (KS) is a functional electrosensory and neuro‐instructive molecule. Recent studies have identified novel low sulfation KS in auditory and sensory tissues such as the tectorial membrane of the organ of Corti and the Ampullae of Lorenzini in elasmobranch fish. These are extremely sensitive proton gradient detection systems that send signals to neural interfaces to facilitate audition and electrolocation. High and low sulfation KS have differential functional roles in song learning in the immature male zebra song‐finch with high charge density KS in song nuclei promoting brain development and cognitive learning. The conductive properties of KS are relevant to the excitable neural phenotype. High sulfation KS interacts with a large number of guidance and neuroregulatory proteins. The KS proteoglycan microtubule associated protein‐1B (MAP1B) stabilizes actin and tubulin cytoskeletal development during neuritogenesis. A second 12 span transmembrane synaptic vesicle associated KS proteoglycan (SV2) provides a smart gel storage matrix for the storage of neurotransmitters. MAP1B and SV2 have prominent roles to play in neuroregulation. Aggrecan and phosphacan have roles in perineuronal net formation and in neuroregulation. A greater understanding of the biology of KS may be insightful as to how neural repair might be improved.
Tungsten Trioxide Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Material Engineering and Charge Carrier Dynamic Manipulation
Authors: Wang Yidan , Tian Wei , Chen Cheng , Xu Weiwei , Li Liang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo address the energy crisis and environmental problems, the applications of solar energy have received intensive attention. Converting solar energy to hydrogen using a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell is one of the most promising approaches to meet future energy demands. As an earth abundant metal oxide, tungsten trioxide (WO3), which has a moderate band gap (2.5–2.7 eV), ideal valence band position, and high resistance to photocorrosion, has been widely utilized in PEC photoanodes. To obtain a WO3 photoanode with high PEC efficiency, tremendous efforts have been made to improve the light absorption capacity, charge carrier dynamics, and oxygen evolution activity. In this report, the recent advances in WO3 photoanode optimization, including morphology design, dopants doping, heterojunction fabrication, and surface modification are summarized. In this review, these developments and representative applications of WO3 photoanodes in unassisted water splitting devices are also discussed. Finally, perspectives on the significant challenges and future prospects for the development of WO3 photoanodes for PEC water splitting are provided.
Oriented 3D Magnetic Biskyrmions in MnNiGa Bulk Crystals
Authors: Li Xiyang , Zhang Shilei , Li Hang , Venero Diego Alba , White Jonathan S , Cubitt Robert , Huang Qingzhen , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , van der Laan Gerrit , Wang Wenhong , Hesjedal Thorsten , Wang Fangwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA biskyrmion consists of two bound, topologically stable, skyrmion spin textures. These coffee‐bean‐shaped objects are observed in real space in thin plates using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM). From LTEM imaging alone, it is not clear whether biskyrmions are surface‐confined objects, or, analogous to skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric helimagnets, 3D tube‐like structures in a bulk sample. Here, the biskyrmion form factor is investigated in single‐ and polycrystalline‐MnNiGa samples using small‐angle neutron scattering. It is found that biskyrmions are not long‐range ordered, not even in single crystals. Surprisingly all of the disordered biskyrmions have their in‐plane symmetry axis aligned along certain directions, governed by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This anisotropic nature of biskyrmions may be further exploited to encode information.
Synergistic Engineering of Defects and Architecture in Binary Metal Chalcogenide toward Fast and Reliable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Luo Dan , Li Gaoran , Deng Ya‐Ping , Zhang Zhen , Li Jingde , Liang Ruilin , Li Matthew , Jiang Yi , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Yangshuai , Lei Wen , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have great promise to support the next‐generation energy storage if their sluggish redox kinetics and polysulfide shuttling can be addressed. The rational design of sulfur electrodes plays key roles in tacking these problems and achieving high‐efficiency sulfur electrochemistry. Herein, a synergetic defect and architecture engineering strategy to design highly disordered spinel Ni–Co oxide double‐shelled microspheres (NCO‐HS), which consist of defective spinel NiCo2O4–x(x= 0.9 if all nickel is Ni2+and cobalt is Co2.13+), as the multifunctional sulfur host material is reported. The in situ constructed cation and anion defects endow the NCO‐HS with significantly enhanced electronic conductivity and superior polysulfide adsorbability. Meanwhile, the delicate nanoconstruction offers abundant active interfaces and reduced ion diffusion pathways for efficient Li–S chemistry. Attributed to these synergistic features, the sulfur composite electrode achieves excellent rate performance up to 5 C, remarkable cycling stability over 800 cycles and good areal capacity of 6.3 mAh cm−2under high sulfur loading. This proposed strategy based on synergy engineering could also inform material engineering in related energy storage and conversion fields.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Nine‐ to Eleven‐Membered Cyclic Polyphenylenes Containing Heteroatoms by Catalytic Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Fusamae Toru , Takano Hideaki , Sugimura Natsuhiko , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRh‐catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular reactions of triynes consisting of 1,6‐diyne and 1,10‐diyne moieties tethered by sulfur or oxygen and ortho‐phenylene moieties proceeded to give chiral tetrabenzoheteronines possessing a nine‐membered ring system as [2+2+2] cycloadducts. In the reaction of triynes consisting of 1,6‐diyne and 1,11‐diyne moieties, sulfur‐tethered substrates gave chiral metacyclophanes with an eleven‐membered ring system, whereas an oxygen‐ and sulfur‐tethered substrate afforded a tetrabenzo‐1,4‐oxathiecine with a ten‐membered ring system. The mechanisms of the different reaction pathways depending on the heteroatom of the tether are discussed.
Diesel Precursors Via Catalytic Hydrothermal Deoxygenation of Aqueous Canola Oil Emulsion
Authors: Ndubuisi Richard U. , Sinichi Sayeh , (Cathy) Chin Ya‐Huei , Diosady Levente L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAqueous extraction for protein isolation from oilseeds is a promising alternative to the conventional hexane‐based solvent extraction widely used in the industry. However, during aqueous extraction, a stable oil‐in‐water emulsion is produced that results in decreased oil yield. We demonstrated the conversion of this aqueous extract into renewable hydrocarbons on 20%w/w Ni/C at 315 °C and at an initial hydrogen headspace pressure of 1.95 MPa. Moderate yield (>50%) and selectivity (~70%) of hydrocarbons within the diesel range were obtained within 12 hours of reaction without additional external hydrogen input. It was also shown that a prolonged experimental run at 305 °C can result in near‐complete conversion of triacylglycerol oil into diesel‐range hydrocarbons (70%) and oxygenates (9%) with selectivity of ~80%. Although the study demonstrates for the first time the possibility of integrating aqueous extraction of protein with renewable diesel production in a hydrothermal medium, the limitations and challenges experienced during this initial study justify additional work that is presently underway.
Zebrafish Model for Nonsyndromic X‐Linked Sensorineural Deafness, DFNX1
Authors: DeSmidt Alexandra A. , Zou Bing , Grati M'hamed , Yan Denise , Mittal Rahul , Yao Qi , Richmond Michael T. , Denyer Steven , Liu Xue Zhong , Lu Zhongmin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTHereditary deafness is often a neurosensory disorder and affects the quality of life of humans. Only three X‐linked genes (POU class 3 homeobox 4 (POU3F4), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1), and small muscle protein X‐linked (SMPX)) are known to be involved in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Four PRPS1 missense mutations have been found to associate with X‐linked nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness (DFNX1/DFN2) in humans. However, a causative relationship between PRPS1 mutations and hearing loss in humans has not been well studied in any animal model. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS‐I) is highly conserved in vertebrate taxa. In this study, we used the zebrafish as a model to investigate the auditory role of zebrafish orthologs (prps1a and prps1b) of the human PRPS1 gene with whole mount in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, phenotypic screening, confocal imaging, and electrophysiological methods. We found that both prps1a and prps1b genes were expressed in the inner ear of zebrafish. Splice‐blocking antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO1 and MO2) caused exon‐2 skip and intron‐2 retention of prps1a and exon‐2 skip and intron‐1 retention of prps1b to knock down functions of the genes, respectively. MO1 and MO2 morphants had smaller otic vesicles and otoliths, fewer inner ear hair cells, and lower microphonic response amplitude and sensitivity than control zebrafish. Therefore, knockdown of either prps1a or prps1b resulted in significant sensorineural hearing loss in zebrafish. We conclude that the prps1 genes are essential for hearing in zebrafish, which has the potential to help us understand the biology of human deafness DFNX1/DFN2. Anat Rec, 303:544–555, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy