bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Process Parameters for Activated Carbon Production from Rice Husk for Phenol Adsorption
Authors: Ositadinma Iheanacho Chamberlain , Tagbo Nwabanne Joseph , Elijah Onu Chijioke 
Published: August 2019

Aim: The determination of optimum process parameters in the production of activated carbon from rice husk for the uptake of phenol from aqueous solution was the focus of this work.
Study Design: The optimization was designed using response surface methodology.
Methodology: Central composite design (CCD) was used to generate the design matrix and analyze the result obtained. Carbonization temperature, percentage acid concentration and carbonization time were the factors considered. Tetraoxophosphoric acid (H3PO4) was employed in the activation process. The surface area was determined using the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption method.
Results: The result indicated the optimum process conditions as carbonization temperature of 575ºC, time of 240 minutes and 45 percentage acid concentration. This gave 96.5% adsorption efficiency of phenol from aqueous solution. There was good agreement between the experimental values and the predicted values. The BET surface area of the activated carbon was 471.1 m2/s.
Conclusion: This work has optimized the process conditions for activated carbon production from rice husk for effective adsorption of phenol from wastewater.
Water Availabilities Associated with Natural Phosphate and Triple Superphosphate in Radish Cultivation
Authors: Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , Beltrão Juliane de Souza , Paula Raphael Pereira França de , Roque Wellington Fava , Damasceno Ana Paula Alves Barreto , José Jefferson Vieira 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of giant Crimson radish cultivated in a oxisol under phosphate fertilizer sources (natural phosphate, triple superphosphate, natural phosphate + triple superphosphate and control) associated with water availabilities (40, 80 and 120% of the field capacity).
Study Design: The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with 4 replications (48 units).
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the Federal University of Mato Grosso, in the municipality of Rondonópolis (MT).
Methodology: The dystrophic Oxisol was used to fill the 1.5 dm3 pots. The irrigation management was in accordance with the methodology of the maximum water retention capacity, by the gravimetric method. Phosphate fertilization was applied before sowing using 265 mg dm-3 phosphorus, varying the source used, triple superphosphate and Bayovar Natural phosphate. After the emergence of the plants, the other nutrients were applied to the soil. The parameters related to vegetative development and after the harvest of radish were evaluated at 20 and 35 days after sowing.
Results: The parameters fresh mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the tubercle, dry mass of the aerial part, fresh mass of tubercle and length of tubercle had the highest values with the use of triple superphosphate, and for the field capacities of 80 and 120%. The highest harvest index (1.51) was found for the use of Natural phosphate in the field capacity of 120%. The water consumption by the plants was higher with the use of triple superphosphate and field capacity of 120% (6,425.25 L). The efficiency of water use was better with the application of triple Superphosphate and 40% of the field capacity (0.0547 g mL-1).
Conclusion: There was influence of both water availabilities and phosphate fertilization on the studied parameters. Triple superphosphate associated with 80% of the field capacity allowed the best productivity averages for radish.
Fertilization with Silicon in Sweet Pepper Improved Plants Grown under Salt Stress
Authors: Souza Dias Márcio De , Marques Douglas José , Bianchini Hudson Carvalho 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of calcium silicate on gaseous exchanges and production factors in the sweet pepper, cultivated under conditions of soil salinity induced by potassium fertilization, in protected cultivation.
Study Design: The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme with five replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the sector of Olericultura and Experimentation of the course of Agronomy from October 12, 2018 to February 2019.
Methodology: The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two sources of correction: calcareous and silicon and five increasing rates of KCl equivalent to 150, 300, 450, 600 and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O). Ten treatments with five replicates where each experimental unit consisted of a polyethylene pot, with a volume of 19 dm3. The electrical conductivity, the determination and quantification of silicon in soil and plant, liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were analyzed.
Results: With the increase of K2O in the soil there was a tendency of reduction in liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in the presence and absence of calcium silicate. Higher rates of K2O (300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1) reduced the length and yield of sweet pepper fruits in the presence and absence of calcium silicate. The rate of 150 Kg K2O favored the growth of sweet pepper plants in the presence of calcium silicate.
Conclusion: It is concluded from the research that the dose of 300 kg ha-1 of K2O, in the presence of calcium silicate, provided the best results for the electrical conductivity of 2.76 dS m-1, silicon content in the soil of 5.70 mg kg-1, 14% silicon leaf content, improving photosynthetic rates, transpiration, water use efficiency and fruit production. The increase in salinity reduced fruit yield, in the presence and absence of Si.
What Have We Learned About the Course of Clinical Outcomes After Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Wieczorek Maud , Rotonda Christine , Guillemin Francis , Rat Anne-Christine 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo review homogeneous subgroups with a distinct course of clinical outcomes, to review the course of clinical outcomes in the study population as a whole, where applicable, and to determine the patient characteristics associated with the distinct courses after total knee or hip arthroplasty.MethodsMEDLINE and PsycInfo databases were searched for relevant studies. Selection criteria were patients ≥18 years old, patients at high risk of or diagnosed with knee or hip osteoarthritis, studies aiming to identify homogeneous subgroups with distinct trajectories or describe the mean change of clinical outcomes, and methodology and analysis designed to identify trajectories (longitudinal design and repeated measures).ResultsOf the 5,128 abstracts retrieved, 23 met inclusion criteria. Most studies (12 of 23) focused on the mean course of outcomes after knee arthroplasty, and the most frequent outcomes reported were pain and physical function. Statistical approaches used, the number of trajectories, and predictors identified were heterogeneous across studies. Strong evidence was found that female sex, a high body mass index, poor mental health, a high number of painful sites, high preoperative pain level, a low preoperative lower‐extremity functioning, and knee arthroplasty were predictors of bad evolution.ConclusionFew studies have used trajectory analysis to describe the course of clinical outcomes in homogeneous subgroups of patients. Yet this approach could lead to the identification of predictors of poor postsurgery outcomes that are specific to patients and thus to earlier identification of poor responders to total arthroplasty.
Composite Measures of Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis: Comparative Instrument Performance Based on the Efficacy of Guselkumab in an Interventional Phase II Trial
Authors: Helliwell Philip S. , Deodhar Atul , Gottlieb Alice B. , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Xu Xie L. , Xu Stephen , Wang Yuhua , Hsia Elizabeth C. , Gladman Dafna D. , Ritchlin Christopher T. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assess performance of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) composite indices and evaluate guselkumab’s effect on achieving low disease activity or remission.MethodsIn this phase II trial, patients with active PsA (≥3 tender and ≥3 swollen joints, C‐reactive protein level ≥0.3 mg/dl, ≥3% body surface‐area with psoriasis involvement) were randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous guselkumab 100 mg (n = 100) or placebo (n = 49) at week 0, week 4, and every 8 weeks through week 44. At week 16, patients with <5% improvement in swollen and tender joints could early escape to open‐label ustekinumab. Patients continuing placebo crossed over to receive guselkumab 100 mg at weeks 24, 28, 36, and 44 (placebo to guselkumab). PsA composite indices (Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score [PASDAS], Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis composite score [GRACE], modified Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index [mCPDAI], and Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis [DAPSA]) were analyzed as secondary outcomes (last observation carried forward for missing/post–early escape data through week 24; observed data post–week 24). Instrument performance was assessed.ResultsBaseline PASDAS, GRACE, mCPDAI, and DAPSA scores indicated moderate‐to‐high disease activity. At week 24, mean changes in each of these composite indices showed significant improvement with guselkumab (–2.50, –2.73, –3.8, and –23.08, respectively) versus placebo (–0.49, 0.35, –0.8, and –4.98, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). Significantly more guselkumab‐treated patients achieved low/very low/remitted disease activity states according to PASDAS (very low + low 35% versus 4%; P < 0.001), GRACE (30% versus 2%; P < 0.001), mCPDAI (46% versus 10%; P < 0.001), and DAPSA (remission + low 40% versus 12%; P < 0.001). A total of 12% of guselkumab‐treated versus no placebo‐treated patients achieved DAPSA remission (P < 0.01). The PASDAS and GRACE instruments were more sensitive than the mCPDAI and DAPSA tools in detecting treatment effect. Residual skin disease and enthesitis were marginally more prominent in patients achieving DAPSA low disease activity versus other indices.ConclusionGuselkumab demonstrated efficacy in achieving low disease activity/remission based on all PsA composite indices assessed. Composite index use in PsA trials and the clinic requires careful consideration to optimize feasibility and instrument performance.
Defining Depression and Anxiety in Individuals With Rheumatic Diseases Using Administrative Health Databases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Howren Alyssa , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio , Puyat Joseph H. , Esdaile John M. , Da Costa Deborah , De Vera Mary A. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to describe how administrative health databases have been used to study depression and anxiety in patients with rheumatic diseases and to synthesize the case definitions that have been applied.MethodsSearch strategies to identify articles evaluating depression and anxiety among individuals with rheumatic diseases were employed in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO. Studies included were those using administrative health data and reporting case definitions for depression and anxiety using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. We extracted information on study design and objectives, administrative health database, specific data sources (e.g., inpatient, pharmacy records), ICD codes, operational definitions, and validity of case definitions.ResultsOf the 36 studies included in this review, all studies assessed depression, and 13 studies (36.1%) evaluated anxiety. A number of specific ICD‐9/10 codes were consistently applied to identify depression and anxiety, but the overall combination of ICD codes and operational definitions varied across studies. Twenty‐four studies reported operational definitions, and 19 of these studies (79.2%) combined claims from more than 1 type of administrative data source (e.g., inpatient, outpatient). Validated case definitions were used by 6 studies (16.7%), with sensitivity estimates for depression and anxiety case definitions ranging from 33% to 74% and 42% to 76%, respectively.ConclusionWe identified numerous case definitions used to evaluate depression and anxiety among individuals with rheumatic diseases within administrative health databases. Recommendations include using case definitions with demonstrated validity as well as operationalizing case definitions within multiple data sources.
Effect of a Nationwide Real‐Time Drug Utilization Review System on Duplicated Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Prescriptions in Korea
Authors: Jung Sun‐Young , Jang Eun Jin , Choi Seongmi , Im Seul Gi , Kim Dalho , Cho Soo‐Kyung , Kim Hyoungyoung , Sung Yoon‐Kyoung 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveSince January 2013, a nationwide drug utilization review (DUR) system for therapeutic duplication (TD) of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been implemented in Korea. Our objective was to perform an interrupted time series study to assess changes in the pattern of NSAIDs use in knee osteoarthritis patients after implementation of the regulations.MethodsWe compared the prescribing patterns in 2012 and 2013 by means of an interrupted time series study, using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. TD was defined as use of concurrent NSAIDs either on the same or on different prescriptions for >3 days in a patient. Level change and trend change (with 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]), and absolute and relative changes in the proportion of TDs, were estimated using segmented regression models. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore patient and provider characteristics associated with the TDs.ResultsApproximately 2.5 million patients were prescribed NSAIDs in both 2012 and 2013. The proportion of TDs before and after introduction of the DUR system was 7.4% and 5.6%, respectively. Overall, an absolute reduction of 89% and a relative reduction of 30% in TDs were observed. In the postregulation period, older patients, medical aid subscribers (odds ratio [OR] 1.87 [95% CI 1.84, 1.90]), and veterans (OR 3.28 [95% CI 3.10, 3.46]) were most likely to receive NSAID TDs.ConclusionThe prescription of NSAID TDs decreased with the introduction of the nationwide DUR system. Continuous adherence to the DUR regulations and safety monitoring are needed, especially with the elderly, medical aid subscribers, and veterans.
Fingerprint‐Inspired Conducting Hierarchical Wrinkles for Energy‐Harvesting E‐Skin
Authors: Kang Hyungseok , Zhao Chunlin , Huang Jinrong , Ho Dong Hae , Megra Yonas Tsegaye , Suk Ji Won , Sun Jia , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the field of bionics, sophisticated and multifunctional electronic skins with a mechanosensing function that are inspired by nature are developed. Here, an energy‐harvesting electronic skin (energy‐E‐skin), i.e., a pressure sensor with energy‐harvesting functions is demonstrated, based on fingerprint‐inspired conducting hierarchical wrinkles. The conducting hierarchical wrinkles, fabricated via 2D stretching and subsequent Ar plasma treatment, are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wrinkles as the primary microstructure and embedded Ag nanowires (AgNWs) as the secondary nanostructure. The structure and resistance of the conducting hierarchical wrinkles are deterministically controlled by varying the stretching direction, Ar plasma power, and treatment time. This hierarchical‐wrinkle‐based conductor successfully harvests mechanical energy via contact electrification and electrostatic induction and also realizes self‐powered pressure sensing. The energy‐E‐skin delivers an average output power of 3.5 mW with an open‐circuit voltage of 300 V and a short‐circuit current of 35 µA; this power is sufficient to drive commercial light‐emitting diodes and portable electronic devices. The hierarchical‐wrinkle‐based conductor is also utilized as a self‐powered tactile pressure sensor with a sensitivity of 1.187 mV Pa‐1 in both contact‐separation mode and the single‐electrode mode. The proposed energy‐E‐skin has great potential for use as a next‐generation multifunctional artificial skin, self‐powered human–machine interface, wearable thin‐film power source, and so on.
A Review of Experimental and Computational Advances in Thermal Boundary Conductance and Nanoscale Thermal Transport across Solid Interfaces
Authors: Giri Ashutosh , Hopkins Patrick E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInterfacial thermal resistance is the primary impediment to heat flow in materials and devices as characteristic lengths become comparable to the mean‐free paths of the energy carriers. This thermal boundary conductance across solid interfaces at the nanoscale can affect a plethora of applications. The recent experimental and computational advances that have led to significant atomistic insights into the nanoscopic thermal transport mechanisms at interfaces between various types of materials are summarized. The authors focus on discussions of works that have pushed the limits to interfacial heat transfer and drastically increased the understanding of thermal boundary conductance on the atomic and nanometer scales near solid/solid interfaces. Specifically, the role of localized interfacial modes on the energy conversion processes occurring at interfaces is emphasized in this review. The authors also focus on experiments and computational works that have challenged the traditionally used phonon gas models in interpreting the physical mechanisms driving interfacial energy transport. Finally, the authors discuss the future directions and avenues of research that can further the knowledge of heat transfer across systems with broken symmetries.
Gas Responsive Nanoswitch: Copper Oxide Composite for Highly Selective H2S Detection
Authors: Paul Andrej , Schwind Bertram , Weinberger Christian , Tiemann Michael , Wagner Thorsten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA nanocomposite material based on copper(II) oxide (CuO) and its utilization as a highly selective and stable gas‐responsive electrical switch for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) detection is presented. The material can be applied as a sensitive layer for H2S monitoring, e.g., in biogas gas plants. CuO nanoparticles are embedded in a rigid, nanoporous silica (SiO2) matrix to form an electrical percolating network of low conducting CuO and, upon exposure to H2S, highly conducting copper(II) sulphide (CuS) particles. By steric hindrance due to the silica pore walls, the structure of the network is maintained even though the reversible reaction of CuO to CuS is accompanied by significant volume expansion. The conducting state of the percolating network can be controlled by a variety of parameters, such as temperature, electrode layout, and network topology of the porous silica matrix. The latter means that this new type of sensing material has a structure‐encoded detection limit for H2S, which offers new application opportunities. The fabrication process of the mesoporous CuO@SiO2composite as well as the sensor design and characteristics are described in detail. In addition, theoretical modeling of the percolation effect by Monte‐Carlo simulations yields deeper insight into the underlying percolation mechanism and the observed response characteristics.
High‐Order Shift Current Induced Terahertz Emission from Inorganic Cesium Bromine Lead Perovskite Engendered by Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: He Yuhang , Su Rui , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yixuan , Zhao Qiyi , Khurgin Jacob B. , Xiong Qihua , Xu Xinlong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐order nonlinear optical phenomena are interesting from a fundamental point of view as they reveal intrinsic symmetries of the materials. Potentially they can also be used for practical optoelectronic applications. High‐order shift current is one of these phenomena, and yet it has never been detected in experiments, primarily due to the difficulty in conventional contact detection. In this work, the shift current due to the two‐photon absorption (TPA) from all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 is first observed by a contactless and nondestructive terahertz (THz) emission method. The results reveal that the THz emission is dominated by a high‐order shift current (fourth‐order nonlinear optical effect) with the below‐bandgap photon energy of femtosecond laser excitation. The high‐order shift current origins from the broken inversion symmetry induced by the dynamic stereochemical activity of the Pb2+ lone pair. A microscopic TPA‐assisted nonlinear optical model is presented to describe the photophysical process of the THz emission. The model matches well with the quadratic pump fluence and angular dependence of the THz emission. This work can not only open a new venue for the all‐inorganic perovskite‐based nonlinear optoelectronics and THz devices, but also afford a THz technology for the high‐order nonlinear effect analysis.
Low‐Energy Room‐Temperature Healing of Cellular Metals
Authors: Hsain Zakaria , Pikul James H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHealing metallic materials involves high temperatures and large energy inputs. This work demonstrates rapid, effective, low‐energy, and room‐temperature healing of metallic materials by using electrochemistry and polymer‐coated cellular nickel to mimic the transport‐mediated healing of bone. The polymer coating enables selective healing only at the fracture site, electrochemical reactions transport metal ions from a metal source to fractured areas, and the cellular structure of the metal allows facile ion transport to healing sites and effective recovery of strength and toughness when the cellular metal is subjected to three types of damage (scission fracture, tensile failure, and plastic deformation). Using this strategy, samples fractured in tension and by scission recover 100% of their tensile strength in as little as 10 and 4 h of healing. The healing process is stochastic, thus a statistical method is used to quantify and predict the likelihood of achieving target healing strengths based on energy input. This electrochemistry‐based approach enables the first demonstration of room‐temperature healing of structural metallic materials and requires several orders of magnitude less energy than many previously reported metal healing techniques.
Distributed Biological Foundries for Global Health
Authors: Gomez‐Marquez Jose , Hamad‐Schifferli Kimberly 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHistorically, many industries such as manufacturing have undergone a trend away from centralized, large‐scale production toward a more distributed form. Currently, this same trend is witnessed in biological manufacturing and bioprocessing, with the rise of biological foundries where one can synthesize, grow, isolate, and purify a broad range of biologics. The adoption of distributed practices for biological processing has significant implications for healthcare, diagnostics, and therapies. This essay discusses the many diverse factors that have facilitated this growth, ranging from the establishment of available biological components, or “parts,” low‐cost programmable hardware, and others. Currently existing examples of distributed biological foundries are also identified, separating the discussion into those that are accessible only by elite users and the more recent emerging foundries that are more accessible to the general population. Taking lessons from other fields, it is argued that this trend toward distributed biological manufacturing is inevitable, so adapting to this trend is important for the progress of creating new therapeutics, sensors, diagnostics, and reagents for biomedical applications.