bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain Electrolytes Balance, and the Unsuspected Intrinsic Property of Melanin to Dissociate the Water Molecule
Authors: Herrera Arturo Solís , Ashraf Ghulam Md , del Carmen Arias Esparza María , Tarasov Vadim V. , Chubarev Vladimir N. , Avila-Rodriguez Marco F. , Makhmutovа Alfiya , Ganash Magdah , Mosa Osama F. , Hafeez Abdul , Bachurin Sergey O. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: September 2018

Background & Objective: Regulation of composition, volume and turnover of fluids surrounding
the brain and damp cells is vital. These fluids transport all substances required for cells and remove
the unwanted materials. This regulation tends to act as barrier to prevent free exchange of materials
between the brain and blood. There are specific mechanisms concerned with fluid secretion of the controlled
composition of the brain, and others responsible for reabsorption eventually to blood and the extracellular
fluid whatever their composition is. The current view assumes that choroidal plexuses secrete
the major part of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), while the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) has a much less contribution
to fluid production, generating Interstitial Fluid (ISF) that drains to CSF. The skull is a rigid box;
thereby the sum of volumes occupied by the parenchyma with its ISF, related connective tissue, the vasculature,
the meninges and the CSF must be relatively constant according to the Monroe-Kellie dogma. This
constitutes a formidable challenge that normal organisms surpass daily. The ISF and CSF provide water and
solutes influx and efflux from cells to these targeted fluids in a quite precise way. Microvessels within the
parenchyma are sufficiently close to every cell where diffusion areas for solutes are tiny. Despite this,
CSF and ISF exhibit very similar compositions, but differ significantly from blood plasma. Many hydrophilic
substances are effectively prevented from the entry into the brain via blood, while others like neurotransmitters
are extremely hindered from getting out of the brain. Anatomical principle of the barrier
and routes of fluid transfer cannot explain the extraordinary accuracy of fluids and substances needed to
enter or leave the brain firmly. There is one aspect that has not been deeply analyzed, despite being
prevalent in all the above processes, it is considered a part of the CSF and ISF dynamics. This aspect is
the energy necessary to propel them properly in time, form, space, quantity and temporality.

Conclusion:
The recent hypothesis based on glucose and ATP as sources of energy presents numerous
contradictions and controversies. The discovery of the unsuspected intrinsic ability of melanin to dissociate
and reform water molecules, similar to the role of chlorophyll in plants, was confirmed in the
study of ISF and CSF biology.
Tocilizumab in Large Vessel Vasculitis – Different Routes of Administration
Authors: Schmalzing Marc , Gadeholt Ottar , Gernert Michael , Tony Hans-Peter , Schwaneck Eva C 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Tocilizumab is increasingly used in the treatment of large vessel vasculitis with recent approval for giant cell arteritis.

Objective:
To determine the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in large vessel vasculitis in a real-life setting using different routes of administration.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients at a tertiary rheumatology department who received tocilizumab for large vessel vasculitis.

Results:
A total of 11 patients were treated with tocilizumab (8 giant cell arteritis, 2 large vessel vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis, 1 Takayasu arteritis) after a median of 2 other steroid-sparing agents (range 1-4). Of these, 9 received tocilizumab as salvage therapy for active vasculitis and 2 due to the toxicity of their former steroid-sparing medication. After a mean follow-up of 23 months 7 patients were in remission as to vasculitis under a mean prednisolone dose of 1.7 ± 1.5 mg; one patient relapsed after long term remission having discontinued tocilizumab for elective surgery; one patient stopped tocilizumab after attributable infectious complications, and two patients died: one due to complications of vascular surgery, probably not attributable to tocilizumab; and the other due to sepsis secondary to sigmoiditis. Only 3 relapses occurred under continuous tocilizumab treatment. In all these 3 cases, renewed remission could be achieved by switching from subcutaneous (162 mg qw) to intravenous tocilizumab (8mg/kg q4w).

Conclusion:
Tocilizumab is efficacious in patients with large vessel vasculitis in a real-life situation. Safety appears to be acceptable, but infectious complications have to be considered. Intravenous tocilizumab may be used in patients who relapse under subcutaneous application.
Exergetic Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Tunisian Waste Dates
Authors: Zeineb Wahada , Zouhour Khila , Boulbaba Louhichi , Rachid Boukchina , Noureddine Hajjaji 
Published: September 2018

Objective:This study aims at contributing to the area of sustainable bioethanol production system development. The main objective of this study is to thermodynamically evaluate a bioethanol production process from waste dates.Methods & Materials:To this end, several chemical engineering assessment tools have been simultaneously applied. These tools simulate the bioethanol production process using the SuperPro software in order to determine all the materials and energy exchanges. An exergy analysis is also carried out, based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, in order to locate thermodynamic imperfections in the process.Results:The results obtained show that approximately 60% of the exergy fed to the process is recovered in the useful products (bioethanol and exhausted pulp used as feedstuff). The overall exergy destroyed in the process considered is about 377 kW which represents 7% of the exergy reaching the process. The distillation section, the most energy-intensive stage, constitutes the main contributor of exergy destruction, followed by the fermentation reactor with contributions of 47% and 33%, respectively.
Developing the ANPQA values based evaluation model to improve computer learning quality
Authors: Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra 
Published: September 2018

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL EVALUASI BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI ANEKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN KOMPUTERAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu model evaluasi yang dapat melakukan evaluasi terhadap proses pembelajaran di bidang teknologi informasi/komputer berbasis nilai-nilai Akuntabilitas, Nasionalisme, Etika Publik, Komitmen Mutu, dan Anti Korupsi (ANEKA). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan desain pengembangan menggunakan model Borg dan Gall. Subjek yang dilibatkan dalam melakukan uji coba awal dan revisi uji coba awal terhadap model evaluasi ini sebanyak 4 orang, yaitu 2 pakar pendidikan dan 2 evaluator. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data adalah kuesioner, pedoman wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model evaluasi berbasis nilai-nilai ANEKA. Melalui uji coba awal serta revisi uji coba awal menggunakan model evaluasi ini diperoleh peningkatan hasil evaluasi termasuk kategori sedang ditinjau dari komponen akuntabilitas, kategori sedang ditinjau dari komponen nasionalisme, kategori sedang ditinjau dari komponen etika publik, kategori tinggi ditinjau dari komponen komitmen mutu, dan kategori tinggi ditinjau dari komponen anti korupsi. AbstractThis study was aimed at developing an evaluation model for evaluating the learning process of computer/information technology based on accountability, nationalism, public ethics, quality commitment, and anti-corruption (ANPQA). The method used in this study was Research and Development method proposed by Borg and Gall. The subjects involved in the initial and revision trials were 4 participants namely, 2 educational experts and 2 evaluators. The instruments used in the data collection were questionnaires, interview guides, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. This study generates the evaluation model based on ANPQA values. The results of the initial and revision trial analyses show the improvement of the evaluation result categorized as medium level reviewed from the accountability, nationalism, and the public ethics components. On the other hand, it shows a high category in the terms of the quality commitment and anti-corruption components.
The effects of emotional knowledge, emotional reconciliation, emotional authenticity on the students’ emotional spirituality
Authors: Sitanggang Nathanael , Luthan Putri Lynna A. 
Published: September 2018

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN EMOSI, REKONSILIASI EMOSI, KEAUTENTIKAN EMOSI TERHADAP EMOSI SPRITUAL MAHASISWAAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan emosi, rekonsiliasi emosi, keotentikan emosi terhadap emosi spritual. Metode penelitian adalah survei yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2016 di Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED). Responden berjumlah 400 orang mahasiswa UNIMED terdiri dari 200 orang laki-laki dan 200 orang perempuan yang ditentukan secara proportional random sampling. Instrumen dari setiap variabel penelitian adalah kuesioner dengan koefisien reliabilitas yang tergolong sangat tinggi. Hipotesis diuji dengan menggunakan teknik analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan emosi secara langsung dan tidak langsung mempengaruhi emosi spritual, sedangkan rekonsiliasi emosi dan keotentikan emosi hanya memberi pengaruh langsung terhadap emosi spritual. Besarnya pengaruh langsung pengetahuan emosi, rekonsiliasi emosi dan keotentikan emosi terhadap emosi spritual mahasiswa secara berturut-turut adalah 2,82%; 9,79%; dan 2,31%. Hal ini juga mengemukakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan laki-laki dan perempuan untuk memaafkan; kemampuan perempuan untuk memaafkan lebih baik atau lebih terbuka dibandingkan laki-laki. Selanjutnya, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara emosi spritual laki-laki dan perempuan; perempuan memiliki emosi spritual yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. AbstractThis study was aimed at determining the effect of emotional knowledge, emotional reconciliation, and emotional authenticity on spiritual emotion. The study used a survey method conducted in 2016 at Medan State University. The 400 respondents consisted of 200 male students and 200 female students chosen using the proportional random sampling. The instrument was a questionnaire with a very high reliability coefficient. The hypotheses were tested using path analysis techniques. The results show that the emotional knowledge directly and indirectly affects the spiritual emotions, while emotional reconciliation and emotional authenticity only give a direct influence on spiritual emotion. The direct influence of emotional knowledge, emotional reconciliation, and emotional authenticity on students’ spiritual emotions are 2.82%, 9.79%, and 2.31%. It also suggests that there is a significant difference in the forgiveness ability between men and women; women’s ability to forgive is better and more transparent than men’s. There are significant differences between males and females on spiritual emotion; women have better spiritual emotion than men.
Procedimiento con un sistema de reacción que produce los colores de la bandera mexicana
Authors: Müller Graciela , Rodríguez Marta , Llano Mercedes 
Published: September 2018

<div>Siguiendo los lineamientos de la convocatoria del CMQM para obtener por medio de reacciones químicas los colores de la Bandera Mexicana (verde, blanco y rojo), se procedió al diseño del experimento. Se utilizó como reactivo común sal de Mohr (sulfato doble de hierro (II) y amonio): dos de los colores se obtuvieron por reacción en solución acuosa del catión Fe(II) y el tercero por reacción del anión sulfato. Los reactivos del mismo color adicionados fueron soluciones 0.1M de carbonato de amonio, de cloruro de bario y de 1,10-fenantrolina. Las reacciones son vistosas, de bajo costo, no tóxicas y pueden realizarse en microescala.</div><div> </div>
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Booklet terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang pada Ibu Balita Gizi Kurang di Kelurahan Semanggi Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon Kota Surakarta
Authors: Pratiwi Yessie Finandita , Puspitasari Dyah Intan 
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media booklet terhadap pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada ibu balita gizi kurang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest posttest with control group. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 60 ibu balita, yang dibagi menjadi 30 ibu balita pada kelompok eskperimen dan 30 ibu balita pada kelompok kontrol. Pengetahuan dinilai dari hasil pretest dan posttest. Kelompok eksperimen diberikan metode ceramah dengan menggunakan media booklet. Kelompok kontrol diberikan metode ceramah tanpa menggunakan media booklet. Hasil uji wilcoxon signed rank test bahwa pengetahuan gizi awal dan akhir pada kelompok kontrol terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000), pada kelompok eksperimen pengetahuan gizi awal dan akhir memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000). Hasil uji independent t-test tidak terdapat peningkatan yang bermakna pada selisih nilai pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen (p=0,114). Secara statistik, tidak terdapat efektivitas dalam penggunaan media booklet terhadap pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada ibu balita gizi kurang tetapi terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata 4,8 pada kelompok eksperimen.
Pengaruh Penambahan Sari Buah Nanas (Ananas Comosus) terhadap Jumlah Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dan Nilai pH Soyghurt
Authors: Wardani Emiliya Kusuma , Zulaekah Siti , Purwani Eni 
Published: September 2018

Penambahan sari buah nanas pada soyghurt dapat meningkatkan mutu organoleptik soyghurt. Sari buah nanas mengandung gula yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Sari buah nanas ditambahkan untuk memperbaiki citarasa soyghurt. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sari buah nanas terhadap jumlah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan nilai pH soyghurt. Penelitian dilakukan dengan konsentrasi sari buah nanas pada pembuatan soyghurt dengan variasi konsentrasi 0%, 15% dan 30%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh penambahan sari buah nanas terhadap jumlah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) soyghurt dan kecenderungan adanya pengaruh penambahan sari buah nanas terhadap nilai pH soyghurt. Jumlah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) tertinggi diberikan oleh soyghurt dengan penambahan sari buah nanas pada konsentrasi 0% yaitu 2,88 x 14108"> CFU/ml. Nilai pH tertinggi diberikan oleh soyghurt dengan penambahan sari buah nanas pada konsentrasi 0% yaitu 4,15.
Effect of patellar luxation on radiographic measurements of tibial plateau angle in small-breed dogs
Authors: Orencole Michael J. , Nylund Adam M. , Moorer Jeremiah D. , Wills Robert W. , Witsberger Tige H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether medial patellar luxation would affect radiographic tibial plateau angle (TPA) measurements in small-breed dogs.
DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study.
ANIMALS 15 small-breed dogs (25 stifle joints) with grade 2 or 3 medial patellar luxation (5 dogs with unilateral luxation and 10 dogs with bilateral luxation).
PROCEDURES Digital mediolateral radiographic images of each affected stifle joint were acquired with the patella in manually reduced (n = 25) and luxated (25) positions. In 2 measurement sessions separated by > 48 hours, 3 observers unaware of patella status (luxated or reduced) measured the TPA in each image twice in random order. Mixed linear modeling was performed to determine the effect of patella status on TPA measurements, and intraobserver and interobserver variation in measurements were calculated.
RESULTS TPA measurements by all observers differed significantly between the first and second measurement sessions, but by a mean value of only 0.7°. A few significant differences were identified between 1 pair of observers by patella status and between patella statuses for 1 observer, but all mean differences were ≤ 1.7°. No significant difference in intraobserver variation was identified between patella statuses for any observer. Interobserver variation was not affected by patella status and measurement session.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although some significant differences were identified in radiographic TPA measurements in dogs with medial patellar luxation, depending on whether the patella was luxated or manually reduced, these differences were so small they could be considered clinically unimportant. Consequently, we believe that in small-breed dogs with patellar luxation, patella status would be unlikely to have a clinically meaningful effect on the measured TPA.
Outcomes of nonsurgical treatment for congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations in dogs: 13 cases (2009–2016)
Authors: Wyatt Sophie , Gonçalves Rita , Gutierrez-Quintana Rodrigo , De Decker Steven 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize outcomes following nonsurgical treatment of congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations causing neurologic deficits in dogs.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 13 client-owned dogs treated nonsurgically for congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations at 3 veterinary referral hospitals from June 2009 through May 2016.
PROCEDURES Data were extracted from the medical records regarding dog signalment, duration and type of clinical signs before referral, general physical and neurologic examination findings, radiographic and MRI findings, and treatments provided after diagnosis. Follow-up data were obtained from records of recheck examinations and via a standardized owner questionnaire.
RESULTS All included dogs were screw-tail brachycephalic breeds with a median age of 6 months. All dogs had ambulatory paraparesis and ataxia, and in 1 dog, signs of spinal hyperesthesia could be elicited. Nonsurgical treatments consisted of restricted exercise without (n = 5) or with (3) physiotherapy, physiotherapy without restricted exercise (3), and no exercise modification (2). Seven dogs received additional nonsurgical treatment consisting of prednisolone (n = 5) or gabapentin (2). Four dogs were eventually euthanized because of progressive neurologic deterioration, 2 underwent surgery for the same reason, and the remaining 7 dogs survived for ≥ 170 days after diagnosis, despite progressive neurologic deterioration.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nonsurgical treatment of congenital thoracic vertebral body malformations was associated with an unfavorable outcome in this group of dogs. Despite this treatment, all dogs had progression of clinical signs.
The Devil in the Deep: Expanding the Known Habitat of a Rare and Protected Fish
Authors: Fetterplace Lachlan C. , Turnbull John W. , Knott Nathan A. , Hardy Natasha A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The accepted geographic range of a species is related to both opportunity and effort in sampling that range. In deepwater ecosystems where human access is limited, the geographic ranges of many marine species are likely to be underestimated. A chance recording from baited cameras deployed on deep uncharted reef revealed an eastern blue devil fish (Paraplesiops bleekeri) at a depth of 51 m and more than 2 km further down the continental shelf slope than previously observed. This is the first verifiable observation of eastern blue devil fish, a protected and endemic southeastern Australian temperate reef species, at depths greater than the typically accepted depth range of 30 m. Knowledge on the ecology of this and many other reef species is indeed often limited to shallow coastal reefs, which are easily accessible by divers and researchers. Suitable habitat for many reef species appears to exist on deeper offshore reefs but is likely being overlooked due to the logistics of conducting research on these often uncharted habitats. On the basis of our observation at a depth of 51 m and observations by recreational fishers catching eastern blue devil fishes on deep offshore reefs, we suggest that the current depth range of eastern blue devil fish is being underestimated at 30 m. We also observed several common reef species well outside of their accepted depth range. Notably, immaculate damsel (Mecaenichthys immaculatus), red morwong (Cheilodactylus fuscus), mado (Atypichthys strigatus), white-ear (Parma microlepis) and silver sweep (Scorpis lineolata) were abundant and recorded in a number of locations at up to a depth of at least 55 m. This underestimation of depth potentially represents a large area of deep offshore reefs and micro-habitats out on the continental shelf that could contribute to the resilience of eastern blue devil fish to extinction risk and contribute to the resilience of many reef species to climate change
Non-native Amphibian Pet Trade via Internet in Poland
Authors: Kaczmarski Mikołaj , Kolenda Krzysztof 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Overharvesting and trade in amphibian populations is one of the causes of their global decline. Online trade not only encourages the exploitation of an increasing number of rare and endangered amphibian species from all over the world but also influences the spread of invasive species. The aim of our research was to investigate the amphibian pet trade conducted in online stores and portals in Poland and determine its potential impact on native species. Between November 2013 and October 2014, we regularly (on a monthly basis) checked sale offers on the websites of the 18 biggest pet shops in the country specialised in exotic animals, on a nationwide auction portal and on three exotic pet fan portals. During the study, we reported 486 offers of 112 amphibian species in online stores and on portals. Most of the offers involved one of the four families of amphibians: poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae), tree frogs (Hylidae), true toads (Bufonidae) and true salamanders (Salamandridae). Our data show increased interest in amphibians as pets in Poland. At least half of the offered species are possible hosts for the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. However, only one species, the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802), appears to be a potential invasive species. To summarise, the species offered in Poland that are characterised as threatened are predominantly those that are relatively easy to breed and that are popular as pets. Further studies are required to investigate the real threat to wild amphibian populations caused by the pet trade