bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of troponin subunits in the rat renal afferent arteriole
Authors: Takeya Kosuke , Kathol Iris , Sutherland Cindy , Wang Xuemei , Loutzenhiser Rodger , Walsh Michael P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cells of the renal afferent arteriole are unusual in that they must be able to contract very rapidly in response to a sudden increase in systemic blood pressure in order to protect the downstream glomerular capillaries from catastrophic damage. We showed that this could be accounted for, in part, by exclusive expression, at the protein level, of the “fast” (B) isoforms of smooth muscle myosin II heavy chains in the afferent arteriole, in contrast to other vascular smooth muscle cells such as the rat aorta and efferent arteriole which express exclusively the “slow” (A) isoforms (Shiraishi et al. (2003) FASEB. J. 17, 2284–2286). As contraction of the more rapidly contracting striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscles is regulated by the thin filament‐associated troponin (Tn) system, we hypothesized that Tn or a Tn‐like system may exist in afferent arteriolar cells and contribute to the unusually rapid contraction of this tissue in response to increased intraluminal pressure. We examined the expression of TnC (Ca2+‐binding subunit), TnI (inhibitory subunit), and TnT (tropomyosin‐binding subunit) in vascular smooth muscle cells of the rat renal afferent arteriole at the mRNA level. Fast‐twitch skeletal muscle and slow‐twitch skeletal muscle/cardiac TnC isoforms and slow‐twitch skeletal muscle and cardiac TnI isoforms were detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and confirmed by cDNA sequencing. Furthermore, cardiac and slow‐twitch skeletal muscle TnI isoforms, but not fast‐twitch skeletal muscle TnI, were detected in isolated afferent arterioles at the protein level by proximity ligation assay. Finally, striated muscle myosin II heavy chain expression was identified in isolated rat afferent arterioles by RT‐PCR. We conclude that, in addition to Ca2+‐mediated phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chains, contraction of the afferent arteriole may be regulated by a mechanism normally associated with the much more rapidly contracting cardiac and skeletal muscles, which involves Ca2+ binding to TnC, leading to alleviation of inhibition of the actomyosin MgATPase by TnI and tropomyosin and rapid contraction of the vessel.
To tweet or not to tweet? A primer on social media for pharmacists
Authors: Dixon Dave L. , Reed Brent N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSocial media has evolved considerably since its humble beginnings in the late 1990s. Today, three billion individuals worldwide use social media. While its traditional use has been to connect with family and friends, social media has also been integrated into many other areas of society, including health care. Today, many health care professionals, including pharmacists, use social media for developing their own personal brand, professional networking, professional development, scholarly activity, pharmacy education, and even patient care. Despite the benefits of actively engaging with social media, the available evidence would suggest that pharmacists' engagement with social media for professional use has been limited. This is likely due to several well‐publicized criticisms of social media, including the potential for users to segregate themselves into echo chambers of only like‐minded individuals, inability to confirm the accuracy of shared information, its potential as a distractor from other tasks and responsibilities, and personal and patient privacy concerns. Fortunately, most of these concerns can be minimized if pharmacists develop a strategy for social media engagement that is intentional and consistent with their personal goals. Pharmacists should consider becoming not only passive “lurkers” on social media but also creating original content that shares knowledge and encourages conversations with others. We propose that pharmacists use a design‐based approach to ensure their use of social media is effective and sustainable. The “ABCDE” approach includes analyzing one's goals and audience, brainstorming ideas for how best to use social media, creating content that is relevant, practical, and useful, disseminating content efficiently and effectively, and periodically evaluating how well one's goals are being met and identifying opportunities for improvement.
Structural changes in heterogeneous panels with endogenous regressors
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. , Feng Qu , Kao Chihwa 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper extends Pesaran's (Econometrica, 2006, 74, 967–1012) common correlated effects (CCE) by allowing for endogenous regressors in large heterogeneous panels with unknown common structural changes in slopes and error factor structure. Since endogenous regressors and structural breaks are often encountered in empirical studies with large panels, this extension makes Pesaran's CCE approach empirically more appealing. In addition to allowing for slope heterogeneity and cross‐sectional dependence, we find that Pesaran's CCE approach is also valid when dealing with unobservable factors in the presence of endogenous regressors and structural changes in slopes and error factor loadings. This is supported by Monte Carlo experiments.
Retracted: Upregulation of microRNA‐140‐3p inhibits epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting GRN
Authors: Zhang Qiu‐Yin , Men Chang‐Jun , Ding Xue‐Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results in poor prognosis. Human intervention in these pathological processes may benefit the treatment of HCC. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the mechanism of miR‐140‐3p affecting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis in HCC. Microarray analysis was performed for differentially expressed genes screening. The target relationship between miR‐140‐3p and GRN was analyzed. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against granulin (GRN) was synthesized. EMT markers were detected, and invasion and migration were evaluated in HCC cells introduced with a miR‐140‐3p inhibitor or mimic, or siRNA against GRN. A mechanistic investigation was conducted for the determination of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway‐related genes and EMT markers (E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, and Vimentin). GRN was highlighted as an upregulated gene in HCC. GRN was a target gene of miR‐140‐3p. Elevation of miR‐140‐3p or inhibition of GRN restrained the EMT process and suppressed the HCC cell migration and invasion. HCC cells treated with the miR‐140‐3p mimic or siRNA‐GRN exhibited decreased GRN expression and downregulated the expressions of the MAPK signaling pathway‐related genes, N‐cadherin, and Vimentin but upregulated the expression of E‐cadherin. GRN silencing can reverse the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and induction of EMT mediated by miR‐140‐3p inhibition. Taken together, the results show that miR‐140‐3p confers suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting GRN, thus inhibiting EMT, invasion, and metastasis in HCC.
Eco‐friendly, ultrasound‐assisted, and facile synthesis of one‐pot multicomponent reaction of acridine‐1,8(2H,5H)‐diones in an aqueous solvent
Authors: Chavan Pravin N. , Pansare Dattatraya N. , Shelke Rohini N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA one‐pot, multistep synthesis of acridine‐1,8(2H,5H)‐diones (4a–m) was achieved by three‐component reaction of dimedone (1) with an aromatic aldehyde (2a–m) and an ammonium acetate (3) using water as a green solvent without any catalyst and a simple, easily handled, and ultrasonic technique as well as conventional method.
Enzyme immobilized on the surface geometry pattern of groove‐typed microchannel reactor enhances continuous flow catalysis
Authors: Zhu Chang‐Tong , Gong An , Zhang Fan , Xu Yan , Sheng Sheng , Wu Fu‐An , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzymatic catalysis in a microchannel under continuous flow has attracted increasing scientific interest. It allows for surfaces with higher specificities for heat and mass transfer and makes it easier to control reaction parameters. However, its applications are limited by a lesser amount of loading and cycle of use of the immobilized enzyme. A series of groove‐typed channel microreactors with surface geometry patterns were first established for effective immobilization of naringinase, which was used to produce isoquercitrin from rutin via hydrolysis.RESULTSOf the tested groove‐typed channel microreactors with surface geometry patterns, the enzyme adsorbing capacities of all were increased compared to that with smooth surface. The enzyme adsorbing capacity increased 1.32‐fold in the grooved microreactor with triangular pattern. Excellent yields of isoquercitrin production were produced in grooved channel immobilized enzyme microreactors with triangular surfaces. A yield of 91.72 ± 0.65% was obtained in 10 min, the microreactor could be reused 12 times with a residual activity over 56%. Efficient transfer of heat and mass were attained in the grooved microreactors with surface geometry patterns. The Poiseuille number and Nusselt number were increased by 20.61% and 29.63%, respectively, using fluid mechanics analysis in the grooved microreactor with triangular pattern.CONCLUSIONThe grooved microreactor with geometry pattern surface provided an efficient method for the high production of isoquercitrin, which is promising for enzyme immobilization and catalysis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dissecting protein‐protein interactions in proteasome assembly: Implication to its self‐assembly
Authors: Pilla Smita P. , R Babu , Bahadur Ranjit P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe 26S proteasome is a multi‐catalytic ATP‐dependent protease complex that recognizes and cleaves damaged or misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. The 26S subunit consists of 20S core and 19S regulatory particles. 20S core particle consists of a stack of heptameric alpha and beta subunits. To elucidate the structure‐function relationship, we have dissected protein‐protein interfaces of 20S core particle and analyzed structural and physiochemical properties of intra‐alpha, intra‐beta, inter‐beta, and alpha‐beta interfaces. Furthermore, we have studied the evolutionary conservation of 20S core particle. We find the size of intra‐alpha interfaces is significantly larger and is more hydrophobic compared with other interfaces. Inter‐beta interfaces are well packed, more polar, and have higher salt‐bridge density than other interfaces. In proteasome assembly, residues in beta subunits are better conserved than alpha subunits, while multi‐interface residues are the most conserved. Among all the residues at the interfaces of both alpha and beta subunits, Gly is highly conserved. The largest size of intra‐alpha interfaces complies with the hypothesis that large interfaces form first during the 20S assembly. The tight packing of inter‐beta interfaces makes the core particle impenetrable from outer wall of the cylinder. Comparing the three domains, eukaryotes have large and well‐packed interfaces followed by archaea and bacteria. Our findings provide a structural basis of assembly of 20S core particle in all the three domains of life.
Status of growth plates can be monitored by MRI
Authors: Wada Hiroaki , Ikoma Kazuya , Oka Yoshinobu , Nishida Atsushi , Onishi Okihiro , Kim Wook‐Choel , Tanida Takashi , Yamada Shunji , Matsuda Ken‐ichi , Tanaka Masaki , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundGrowth plate injuries and disorders cause premature closure, resulting in shortened or deformed limbs. Quantitative assessment by MRI might monitor the status of the growth plate and may assist in the prediction of these deformations.PurposeTo investigate whether the status of the growth plate can be monitored by quantitative evaluation using MRI of the noninjured region of the growth plate in a physeal injury model.Study TypeProspective, longitudinal.Animal ModelA 3.0‐mm drill was used to create an injury to the central region of the right proximal tibial growth plate in 5‐week‐old male Japanese white rabbits (N = 18). The left tibia served as the control.Field Strength/Sequence7.04T, T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging.AssessmentEight of 18 rabbits underwent MRI, proton density‐weighted imaging, and T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted imaging. T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated for each image. The growth plate height and the T2 and ADC values of the noninjured region were measured. Two rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postinjury. Proximal tibial bones were evaluated using microcomputed tomography, histological, and immunohistological methods.Statistical TestsData were compared using repeated‐measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey post‐hoc multiple comparison.ResultsGrowth plate height decreased at 10 weeks postinjury (P = 0.018) on the injured side. T2 values were greater at 2 weeks postinjury (P = 0.0478) and decreased at 8 and 10 weeks (P = 0.0226, P = 0.0470, respectively) on the injured side. ADC values increased at 6 weeks on the lateral side (P = 0.0304) and decreased at 8 weeks and 10 weeks postinjury (P < 0.01) on the medial and injured sides, respectively.Data ConclusionQuantitative MRI can help monitor the status of the growth plate and capture its changes early.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:133–143.
Relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and changes in soil gas diffusivity in a field experiment with biochar and lime
Authors: Keller Thomas , Hüppi Roman , Leifeld Jens 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReducing greenhouse gas emissions from arable soil while maintaining productivity is a major challenge for agriculture. Biochar is known to reduce N2O emissions from soil, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study examined the impact of green waste biochar (20 Mg ha−1) and lime (CaCO3; 2 Mg ha−1) application on soil gas transport properties and related changes in these to soil N2O and CO2emissions measured using automated chambers in a field experiment cropped with maize. In situ soil water content monitoring was combined with laboratory measurements of relative soil gas diffusion coefficient (Dp/D0) at different matric potentials, to determine changes inDp/D0over time. Cumulative N2O emissions were similar in the control and lime treatment, but much lower in the biochar treatment. Cumulative CO2emissions decreased in the order: lime treatment > biochar treatment > control soil. When N2O emissions were not driven by excess N supply shortly after fertilisation, they were associated withDp/D0changes, whereby decreases inDp/D0corresponded to N2O emissions peaks. No distinct pattern was observed between CO2emissions andDp/D0. Cumulative N2O emissions were positively related to number of days withDp/D0< 0.02, a critical limit for soil aeration. These results indicate that improved soil gas diffusivity, and hence improved soil aeration, may explain the effect of biochar in reducing N2O emissions. They also suggest that knowledge ofDp/D0changes may be key to explaining N2O emissions.
Capabilities of low‐wavenumber Raman spectroscopy for analyzing the mechanism of devitrification of molecular glasses
Authors: Malfait Benjamin , Paccou Laurent , Derollez Patrick , Guinet Yannick , Hedoux Alain 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mechanism of devitrification of racemic ibuprofen (RS‐IBP, C13H18O2) was analyzed by low‐wavenumber Raman spectroscopy (LWRS). This study shows the capabilities of LWRS to provide detailed new structural information, with respect to X‐ray diffraction data, on the atypical crystallization process of a molecular material (RS‐IBP) composed of a majority of hydrogen atoms. The conversions of Raman intensity into reduced intensity and Raman susceptibility were presented. The combination of these two types of spectrum representation reflecting the fast relaxational dynamics and the structural organization, respectively, has clearly revealed the high degree of disorder of Phase II. Additionally, Phase II was described as an early transient and metastable step of crystallization toward Phase I, from a deeply quenched liquid state. Analyzing the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization has revealed two types of conversion of Phase II into Phase I, a solid–solid transformation and a crystallization of Phase I after melting of Phase II, respectively.
Synthesis of Biocompatible Double‐Tailed Nonionic Surfactants and Their Investigation for Niosomal Drug‐Loading Applications
Authors: Ali Imdad , Shah Muhammad Raza , Nadeem Said , Saad Ali Heyam , Saifullah Salim , Ahmed Farid , Imran Muhammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNonionic surfactants are capable of self‐assembling and thus are of vital importance for designing various drug‐delivery systems. This study reports the synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and drug‐loading potential of sulfanilamide‐based novel nonionic surfactants. These surfactants were synthesized in a single‐step reaction and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron impact mass spectroscopy, and fourier‐transforminfrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the synthesized nonionic surfactants was determined using a ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectrophotometer. The surfactant potential for niosomal vesicles was explored using simvastatin as a model drug. The drug‐loaded vesicles were screened for shape, size, size distribution, and percent drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) using atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential, and UV–visible spectrophotometry. Biocompatibility of the synthesized surfactants was investigated through blood hemolysis and cell toxicity assays. Synthesized nonionic surfactants revealed lower CMC values of 0.045–0.095 mM and entrapped an improved amount of drug upon self‐simplifying in niosomal vesicles. Findings of the study confirm these nonionic surfactants as hemocompatible and nontoxic candidates for vesicular drug‐delivery applications.
Esophageal pepsin and proton pump synthesis in barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Samuels Tina L. , Altman Kenneth W. , Gould Jon C. , Kindel Tammy , Bosler Matthew , MacKinnon Alexander , Hagen Catherine E. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisGastroesophageal reflux disease and associated metaplasia of the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus [BE]) are primary risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Widespread use of acid suppression medications has failed to stem the rise of EAC, suggesting that nonacid reflux may underlie its pathophysiology. Pepsin is a tumor promoter in the larynx and has been implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis. Herein, specimens from the esophageal cancer spectrum were tested for pepsin presence. Pepsin‐induced carcinogenic changes were assayed in an esophageal cell culture model.Study DesignLaboratory analysis.MethodsPepsin was assayed in reflux and cancer free esophagi, BE, EAC, and esophageal cancer lacking association with reflux (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Refluxed or locally synthesized pepsin was assayed by Western blot. Local synthesis of pepsin and proton pumps was assayed via reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The effect of pepsin on BE and EAC markers was investigated via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in human esophageal epithelial cells treated with pepsin or control diluent.ResultsPepsinogen and proton pump mRNA were observed in BE (3/5) and EAC (4/4) samples, but not in normal adjacent specimens, SCC (0/2), or reflux and cancer‐free esophagi. Chronic pepsin treatment (0.1–1 mg/mL, 4 weeks) of human esophageal cells in vitro induced BE and EAC markers interleukin 8 andKRT8and depleted normal esophageal markerKRT10(P< .05) expression.ConclusionsLocal synthesis of pepsin and proton pumps in BE and EAC is not uncommon. Absence of these molecules in normal (noncancer) esophagi, SCC, and in vitro data support a role for pepsin in reflux‐attributed carcinogenic changes in the esophagus.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2687–2695, 2019
Patient‐reported outcomes for dental health, shoulder‐neck dysfunction, and overall quality of life after treatment with radiation for head and neck cancer
Authors: Verma Neha , Tan Xianming , Knowles Mary , Bernard Stephen , Chera Bhishamjit 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThe current exploratory cross‐sectional study was designed to examine and characterize survivorship issues among patients treated with radiation for head and neck cancer with regard to dental health, shoulder‐neck dysfunction, and overall quality of life (QOL).MethodsPatients (N = 58) being seen for follow‐up at a radiation oncology clinic at least 1 year beyond the end of treatment completed three survey questionnaires regarding general QOL as well as dental health issues and shoulder‐neck dysfunction. The questionnaires were scored and univariate analyses were performed using the variables of age, radiation dosage, definitive radiation + neck dissection versus definitive surgery + postoperative radiation, and chemotherapy.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 2.5 years. Of 58 patients, 35% reported having more problems with their general dental health as compared to before treatment and 38% reported having pain at night in the neck/shoulder after treatment. With regard to pretreatment counseling, 79% of patients reported being counseled about their dental health prior to treatment, while 31% reported being counseled about possible shoulder‐neck dysfunction. Patients younger than 65, patients receiving higher doses of radiation, and patients undergoing definitive surgery + postoperative radiation reported more functional and symptomatic issues.ConclusionPatients treated with radiation for head and neck cancer face a number of survivorship issues, including problems with dental health and shoulder‐neck dysfunction, and are not necessarily thoroughly counseled about these issues prior to treatment. Patients younger than 65, patients receiving higher doses of radiation, and patients undergoing definitive surgery + postoperative radiation may experience more survivorship issues.Level of EvidenceIV
Pressure‐Controlled Structural Symmetry Transition in Layered InSe
Authors: Su Huimin , Liu Xuan , Wei Chengrong , Li Junning , Sun Zeyuan , Liu Qiye , Zhou Xuefeng , Deng Junhong , Yi Huan , Hao Qiaoyan , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Shanmin , Huang Li , Wu Shiwei , Zhang Wenjing , Li Guixin , Dai Jun‐Feng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStructural symmetry of crystals plays important roles regarding the physical properties of two‐dimensional (2D) materials, particularly in the nonlinear optics regime. There has been a long‐term exploration of the physical properties in 2D materials with various stacking structures, which correspond to different structural symmetries. Usually, the manipulation of rotational alignment between layers in 2D heterostructures is realized at the synthetic stage through artificial stacking like assembling building blocks. However, the reconfigurable control of translational symmetry of crystalline structure is still challenging. High pressure, as a powerful external control knob, provides a very promising route to circumvent this constraint. Here, a pressure‐controlled symmetry transition in layered InSe is experimentally demonstrated. The continuous and reversible evolution of structural symmetries can be in situ monitored by using polarization‐resolved second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) spectroscopy. As pressure changes, the reconfigurable symmetry transition of the SHG pattern from threefold rotational symmetry to mirror symmetry is experimentally observed in layered InSe samples and successfully explained by the proposed interlayer‐translation model. This opens new routes toward potential applications of manipulating crystal symmetry of 2D materials.