bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluations of Falls Prevention Programs for Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Olij Branko F. , Ophuis Robbin H. , Polinder Suzanne , van Beeck Ed F. , Burdorf Alex , Panneman Martien J.M. , Sterke Carolyn Shanty 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo provide a comprehensive overview of economic evaluations of falls prevention programs and to evaluate the methodology and quality of these studies.DesignSystematic review of economic evaluations on falls prevention programs.SettingStudies (N=31) of community‐dwelling older adults (n=25), of older adults living in residential care facilities (n=3), and of both populations (n=3) published before May 2017.ParticipantsAdults aged 60 and older.MeasurementsInformation on study characteristics and health economics was collected. Study quality was appraised using the 20‐item Consensus on Health Economic Criteria.ResultsEconomic evaluations of falls prevention through exercise (n = 9), home assessment (n = 6), medication adjustment (n = 4), multifactorial programs (n = 11), and various other programs (n = 13) were identified. Approximately two‐thirds of all reported incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) as outcome were below the willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY. All studies on home assessment and medication adjustment programs reported favorable ICERs, whereas the results of studies on exercise and multifactorial programs were inconsistent. The overall methodological quality of the studies was good, although there was variation between studies.ConclusionThe majority of the reported ICERs indicated that falls prevention programs were cost‐effective, but methodological differences between studies hampered direct comparison of the cost‐effectiveness of program types. The results imply that investing in falls prevention programs for adults aged 60 and older is cost‐effective. Home assessment programs (ICERs < $40,000/QALY) were the most cost‐effective type of program for community‐dwelling older adults, and medication adjustment programs (ICERs < $13,000/QALY) were the most cost‐effective type of program for older adults living in a residential care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2197–2204, 2018.
National Trends in Liver Transplantation in Older Adults
Authors: Haugen Christine E. , Holscher Courtenay M. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline , Pozo Marcos , Warsame Fatima , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo explore trends in liver transplantation (LT) and outcomes for older recipients for evaluation, counseling, and appropriate referral of this vulnerable group of older adults.DesignProspective national cohort study.SettingScientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (January 1, 2003–December 31, 2016).ParticipantsOlder (aged ≥ 65) deceased donor liver‐only transplant recipients (n=8,627).MeasurementsWe evaluated temporal changes in recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics and post‐LT length of stay (LOS), acute rejection, graft loss, and mortality using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards.ResultsLT in older adults almost quadrupled, from 263 in 2003 (9.5% of total LTs that year) to 1,144 in 2016 (20.7% of total LTs). Recent recipients were more likely to be female and African American and have a higher body mass index and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score. Hepatitis C, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were the most common indications for LT in recent recipients. Odds of LOS longer than 2 weeks decreased 34% from 2003–06 to 2013–16 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.57–0.76, P < .001), 1‐year acute rejection decreased 30% (aOR=0.70, 95% CI=0.56–0.88, P = .002), all‐cause graft loss decreased 54% (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=0.46, 95% CI=0.40–0.52, P < .001), and mortality decreased 57% (aHR=0.43, 95% CI=0.38–0.49, P < .001).ConclusionDespite the substantial increase in the number of older adults undergoing LT and the severity of their condition, LOS, rejection, graft loss, and mortality have significantly decreased over time. These trends can help guide appropriate LT referral and counseling in older adults with end‐stage liver disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2321–2326, 2018.
A Planning Checklist for Interprofessional Consultations for Women in Midwifery Care
Authors: Phillippi Julia C. , Holley Sharon L. , Thompson Jennifer L. , Virostko Kate , Bennett Kelly 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTeam‐based, interprofessional models of maternity care can allow women to receive personalized care based on their health needs and personal preferences. However, involvement of multiple health care providers can fragment care and increase communication errors, which are a major cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality. In order to improve communication within one health system, a community‐engaged approach was used to develop a planning checklist for the care of women who began care with midwives but developed risks for poor perinatal outcomes. The planning checklist was constructed using feedback from women, nurses, midwives, and physicians in one interprofessional, collaborative network. In feasibility testing during 50 collaborative visits, the planning checklist provided a prompt to generate a comprehensive plan for maternity care and elucidate the rationale for interventions to women and future health care providers. In interviews after implementation of the checklist within a new collaborative format of prenatal physician consultations, women were pleased with the information received, and nurses, midwives, and physicians were positive about improved communication. This tool, developed with stakeholder input, was easy to implement and qualitatively beneficial to satisfaction and health system function. This article details the creation, implementation, and qualitative evaluation of the planning checklist. The checklist is provided and can be modified to meet the needs of other health systems.
Associations of sleep duration and quality with serum and hepatic lipids: The Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study
Authors: Bos Maxime M. , Noordam Raymond , van den Berg Rosa , de Mutsert Renée , Rosendaal Frits R. , Blauw Gerard Jan , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Biermasz Nienke R. , van Heemst Diana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShort and long sleep duration and poor sleep quality may affect serum and hepatic lipid content, but available evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of sleep duration and quality with serum and hepatic lipid content in a large population‐based cohort of middle‐aged individuals. The present cross‐sectional study was embedded in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study and consisted of 4260 participants (mean age, 55 years; proportion men, 46%) not using lipid‐lowering agents. Self‐reported sleep duration and quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI). Outcomes of this study were fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein [LDL]‐cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein [HDL]‐cholesterol and triglycerides), postprandial triglyceride (response) levels, and hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) as measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We performed multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for confounders and additionally for measures that link to adiposity (e.g. body mass index [BMI] and sleep apnea). We observed that relative to the group with median sleep duration (≈7.0 hr of sleep), the group with shortest sleep (≈5.0 hr of sleep) had 1.5‐fold higher HTGC (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0‐2.2). The group with PSQI score ≥ 10 had a 1.1‐fold (95% CI: 1.0‐1.2) higher serum triglyceride level compared with the group with PSQI ≤ 5. However, these associations disappeared after adjustment for BMI and sleep apnea. Therefore, we concluded that previously observed associations of shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality with an adverse lipid profile, may be explained by BMI and sleep apnea, rather than by a direct effect of sleep on the lipid profile.
Rapid establishment of a flowering cline in Medicago polymorpha after invasion of North America
Authors: Helliwell Emily E. , Faber‐Hammond Joshua , Lopez Zoie C. , Garoutte Aaron , von Wettberg Eric , Friesen Maren L. , Porter Stephanie S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo establish and spread in a new location, an invasive species must be able to carry out its life cycle in novel environmental conditions. A key trait underlying fitness is the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth through floral development. In this study, we used a common garden experiment and genotyping‐by‐sequencing to test whether the latitudinal flowering cline of the North American invasive plant Medicago polymorpha was translocated from its European native range through multiple introductions, or whether the cline rapidly established due to evolution following a genetic bottleneck. Analysis of flowering time in 736 common garden plants showed a latitudinal flowering time cline in both the native and invaded ranges where genotypes from lower latitudes flowered earlier. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing of 9,658 SNPs in 446 individuals revealed two major subpopulations of M. polymorpha in the native range, only one of which is present in the invaded range. Additionally, native range populations have higher genetic diversity than invaded range populations, suggesting that a genetic bottleneck occurred during invasion. All invaded range individuals are closely related to plants collected from native range populations in Portugal and southern Spain, and population assignment tests assigned invaded range individuals to this same narrow source region. Taken together, our results suggest that latitudinal clinal variation in flowering time has rapidly evolved across the invaded range despite a genetic bottleneck following introduction.
Does selection pay off? A cost–benefit comparison of medical school selection and lottery systems
Authors: Schreurs Sanne , Cleland Jennifer , Muijtjens Arno M M , oude Egbrink Mirjam G A , Cleutjens Kitty 
Published: October 2018

ContextResources for medical education are becoming more constrained, whereas accountability in medical education is increasing. In this constrictive environment, medical schools need to consider and justify their selection procedures in terms of costs and benefits. To date, there have been no studies focusing on this aspect of selection.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine and compare the costs and benefits of two different approaches to admission into medical school: a tailored, multimethod selection process versus a lottery procedure. Our goal was to assess the relative effectiveness of each approach and to compare these in terms of benefits and costs from the perspective of the medical school.MethodsThe study was conducted at Maastricht University Medical School, at which the selection process and a weighted lottery procedure ran in parallel for 3 years (2011–2013). The costs and benefits of the selection process were compared with those of the lottery procedure over three student cohorts throughout the Bachelor's programme. The extra costs of selection represented the monetary investment of the medical school in conducting the selection procedure; the benefits were derived from the increase in income generated by the prevention of dropout and the reductions in extra costs facilitated by decreases in the repetition of blocks and objective structured clinical examinations.ResultsThe tailor‐made selection procedure cost about €139 000 when extrapolated to a full cohort of students (n = 286). The lottery procedure came with negligible costs for the medical school. However, the average benefits of selection compared with the lottery system added up to almost €207 000.ConclusionsThis study not only shows that conducting a cost–benefit comparison is feasible in the context of selection for medical school, but also that an ‘expensive’ selection process can be cost‐beneficial in comparison with an ‘inexpensive’ lottery system. We encourage other medical schools to examine the cost‐effectiveness of their own selection processes in relation to student outcomes in order to extend knowledge on this important topic.
Integrated molecular characterization of IDH‐mutant glioblastomas
Authors: Korshunov A. , Casalini B. , Chavez L. , Hielscher T. , Sill M. , Ryzhova M. , Sharma T. , Schrimpf D. , Stichel D. , Capper D. , Reuss D. E. , Sturm D. , Absalyamova O. , Golanov A. , Lambo S. , Bewerunge‐Hudler M. , Lichter P. , Herold‐Mende C. , Wick W. , Pfister S. M. , Kool M. , Jones D. T. W. , von Deimling A. , Sahm F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsMutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 affect almost all astrocytomas of WHO grade II and III. A subset of IDH‐mutant astrocytic tumours progresses to IDH‐mutant glioblastoma or presents with the histology of a glioblastoma at first presentation. We set out here to assess the molecular spectrum of IDH‐mutant glioblastomas.MethodsWe performed an integrated molecular analysis of a mono‐centric cohort (n = 97); assessed through genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis, copy‐number profiling and targeted next generation sequencing using a neurooncology‐tailored gene panel.ResultsOf these 97 IDH‐mutant glioblastomas, 68 had a glioblastoma at first presentation (‘de novo’ IDH‐mutant glioblastoma) and 29 emerged from a prior low‐grade lesion (‘evolved’ IDH‐mutant glioblastoma). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of DNA methylation data disclosed that IDH‐mutant glioblastoma (‘de novo’ and ‘evolved’) formed a distinct group separate from other diffuse glioma subtypes. Homozygous deletions of CDKN2A/B were found to be associated with shorter survival.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates DNA methylation patterns in IDH‐mutant glioblastoma to be distinct from lower‐grade astrocytic counterparts but homogeneous within de novo and evolved IDH‐mutant glioblastomas, and identifies CDKN2A as a marker for possible genetic sub‐stratification.
Determinants of weight loss maintenance: a systematic review
Authors: Varkevisser R. D. M. , van Stralen M. M. , Kroeze W. , Ket J. C. F. , Steenhuis I. H. M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundDiscerning the determinants of weight loss maintenance is important in the planning of future interventions and policies regarding overweight and obesity. We have therefore systematically synthesized recent literature on determinants of weight loss maintenance for individuals with overweight and obesity.MethodsWith the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement, prospective studies were identified from searches in PubMed and PsycINFO from 2006 to 2016. We included articles investigating adults with overweight and obesity undergoing weight loss without surgery or medication. Included articles were scored on their methodological quality, and a best‐evidence synthesis was applied to summarize the results.ResultsOur search resulted in 8,222 articles of which 67 articles were selected. In total, 124 determinants were identified of which 5 were demographic, 59 were behavioural, 51 were psychological/cognitive and 9 were social and physical environmental determinants. We found consistent evidence that demographic determinants were not predictive of weight loss maintenance. Behavioural and cognitive determinants that promote a reduction in energy intake, an increase in energy expenditure and monitoring of this balance are predictive determinants.ConclusionThis review identifies key determinants in weight loss maintenance. However, more research regarding cognitive and environmental determinants of weight loss maintenance is needed to advance our knowledge on determinants of weight loss maintenance.
Surgical treatment of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the upper jaw: Case series
Authors: Aljohani Suad , Troeltzsch Matthias , Hafner Sigurd , Kaeppler Gabriele , Mast Gerson , Otto Sven 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThe management of maxillary medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is challenging. Therefore, identifying the proper treatment is important. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical treatment of maxillary MRONJ using single‐layer closure with mucoperiosteal flap and double‐layer closure with buccal fat pad flap (BFPF) and mucoperiosteal flap and to find the outcomes after rehabilitation with obturators.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted and included all surgically treated and followed‐up maxillary MRONJ cases in a single center. Demographics and clinical data, stage of MRONJ, surgical treatment, and treatment outcome were collected.ResultsSeventy‐nine lesions were included. Removal of necrotic bone was followed by coverage with mucoperiosteal flap in 60 lesions and BFPF in 14 lesions. Seven lesions (five primarily and two following unsuccessful treatment with BFPF) underwent necrectomy and were reconstructed with obturators. Complete mucosal healing was achieved in 76.7% of the lesions covered with mucoperiosteal flap. BFPF led to complete mucosal healing in 85.7% of the lesions. No complications were observed in the defects rehabilitated with obturators.ConclusionRemoval of necrotic bone followed by closure with mucoperiosteal flap is reliable for MRONJ treatment. BFPF is effective for closure of MRONJ‐related oroantral communications (OACs).
Fertility of lactating dairy cows inseminated with sex‐sorted or conventional semen after Ovsynch, Presynch–Ovsynch and Double‐Ovsynch protocols
Authors: Karakaya‐Bilen Ebru , Yilmazbas‐Mecitoglu Gulnaz , Keskin Abdulkadir , Guner Barıs , Serim Enes , Santos José E. P. , Gümen Ahmet 
Published: October 2018

ContentsThe objective was to compare pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) with conventional (CS) or sex‐sorted semen (SS) in dairy cows subjected to one of the three timed AI protocols. Cows (n = 356) were randomly assigned to synchronization with Ovsynch (OVS), Presynch–Ovsynch (PO) or Double‐Ovsynch (DO) and inseminated on Day 77 ± 3 postpartum with either frozen‐thawed SS (n = 182) or CS (n = 184) of the same bull. More cows were cyclic at the beginning of breeding Ovsynch increased (p < 0.01) with presynchronization and it was greater for DO than PO (OVS = 78.5%, PO = 85.1%, DO = 95.6%). Overall, P/AI for SS and CS increased with presynchronization (p < 0.05) on Days 31 (OVS = 35.5%, PO = 47.1%, DO = 48.3%) and 62 (OVS = 30.1%, PO = 43.8%, DO = 43.9%). Regardless of synchronization treatments, insemination with SS reduced P/AI (p < 0.02) on Days 31 (38.1% vs. 50.6%) and 62 (34.5% vs. 45.6%) compared with CS. No interaction was observed between synchronization treatment and type of semen for P/AI, although in cows receiving CS, P/AI was numerically greatest for PO (OVS = 42.0%, PO = 59.3%, DO = 49.0%), and in cows receiving SS, it was numerically greatest for those inseminated following DO (OVS = 27.9%, PO = 35.5%, DO = 47.6%). Thus, presynchronization improved P/AI in cows inseminated with sex‐sorted or conventional semen.
The Joint Distribution of Net Worth and Pension Wealth in Germany
Authors: Bönke Timm , Grabka Markus M. , Schröder Carsten , Wolff Edward N. , Zyska Lennard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe research on wealth inequality has generally focused on real and financial assets, while giving little attention to pension wealth: the present value of future pension entitlements from public and company pension schemes. This is surprising given the important role pension plans play in guaranteeing material security and well‐being for a majority of the population, and suggests that they should be accounted for in peoples’ wealth portfolios. Using novel data from the Socio‐Economic Panel (SOEP), we study the incidence, relevance, and distribution of individual pension wealth, net worth, and augmented wealth (the sum of the two) in Germany. Further, we investigate age‐wealth profiles and differences between East and West Germany.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningoencephalitis in a renal transplant recipient following exposure to mice
Authors: Tanveer Farah , Younas Mariam , Fishbain Joel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) are at increased risk for a wide variety of typical and atypical infections as a consequence of impaired cell mediated and humoral immunity. We report a case of meningoencephalitis in a renal transplant recipient caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) acquired by exposure to mice excreta. The clinical course was complicated by the development of hydrocephalus, requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of LCMV infection in a SOTR that was not organ donor derived.
Red blood cell mechanical sensitivity improves in patients with sickle cell disease undergoing chronic transfusion after prolonged, subhemolytic shear exposure
Authors: Simmonds Michael J. , Suriany Silvie , Ponce Derek , Detterich Jon A. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetically inherited hemoglobinopathy in which deoxygenated hemoglobin S polymerizes, leading to stiff red blood cells (RBCs) and inefficient microcirculatory blood flow. Transfusion therapy acts as primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in SCD. Whether blood transfusion alters the mechanical sensitivity (MS) of RBCs to prolonged subhemolytic shear stress (shear) is unknown. We hypothesized that individuals with SCD undergoing chronic blood transfusion would have improved sensitivity to shear, compared with patients not undergoing transfusion therapy.Study Design and MethodsBlood suspensions from individuals with SCD not receiving (n = 15) and receiving (n = 15) chronic simple transfusion were conditioned to shear (1, 4, 16, 32, and 64 Pa) for various durations (1, 4, 16, 32, and 64 sec), and then deformability of RBCs was immediately measured. Healthy young controls (n = 15) were included for reference. A surface mesh was interpolated using the data to determine the effect of blood transfusion on MS of RBCs.ResultsThere was impaired RBC deformability to prolonged supraphysiologic shear in both SCD groups; however, MS improved in transfused patients when exposed to prolonged physiologic shear. Furthermore, in the transfused patients with SCD, the threshold above which subhemolytic damage occurs was similar to controls.ConclusionWe found that chronic transfusion therapy normalizes the MS threshold above which RBC subhemolytic damage occurs after prolonged shear exposure in SCD. An important and novel finding in transfused patients with SCD was the improvement in RBC deformability in response to prolonged shear exposure over the physiologic range.