bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soziale Ängste im klinischen Hochrisikostadium für Psychosen
Authors: Haidl Theresa Katharina , Rosen Marlene , Ruhrmann Stephan , Klosterkötter Joachim 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wird zunehmend über die Komorbidität von schizophrenen Störungen mit Angsterkrankungen berichtet. So wurde bei Patienten mit einer Störung aus dem Schizophrenie-Spektrum in 38,3 % eine Angsterkrankung und darunter mit 14,9 % am häufigsten eine soziale Phobie (SP) gefunden. Gerade sozialer Angst kommt bei Patienten mit Psychose eine besondere Bedeutung zu, weil sie sich oft mit Depressivität verbindet und zur Entstehung von psychosozialen Behinderungen beitragen kann. Auch im Hochrisikostadium für Psychosen („Clinical High- Risk State for Psychosis“, HRP) treten Angsterkrankungen bereits gehäuft auf. Daher stellen sich die Fragen, ob auch hier die soziale Angststörung dominiert und welche Bedeutung dies für die Arbeit in den Früherkennungs- und Präventivzentren hätte. Um diese Fragen zu klären, gibt diese Arbeit erstmals einen systematischen Überblick über alle bisher publizierten Untersuchungen zu sozialen Ängste im klinischen HRP.Insgesamt wurden 124 Studien eingeschlossen. Nach der aussagekräftigsten dieser Arbeiten kamen Angsterkrankungen bei den HRP-Probanden mit knapp 51 % hochsignifikant häufiger als bei Kontrollpersonen mit nur knapp 4 % vor. Die SP dominierte und war mit einer Prävalenz 14,4 % gegenüber nur 0,36 % bei den Kontrollpersonen fast genauso häufig vertreten, wie man sie unter den Angststörungen im Schizophrenie-Spektrum (14,9 %) gefunden hat. Der in 9 Studien mit Hilfe der Social Interaction and Anxiety Scale (SIAS) ermittelte Ausprägungsgrad sozialer Ängstlichkeit (SÄ) lag im Mittel bei den HRP Gruppen nahezu genauso hoch (SIAS-Score = 34,4; SD = 6,11) wie bei den bereits an einer Psychose erkrankten Patienten (SIAS-Score = 35,0; SD = 9,56) und hob sich deutlich von den Werten für Angehörige von Psychosekranken (SIAS-Score = 22,1; SD = 8,7) und Kontrollen (SIAS Score =  14,6; SD = 7,28) ab. Der Ausprägungsgrad der SÄ stand zwar mit der für das HRP maßgeblichen attenuierten psychotischen Symptomatik im Zusammenhang, ließ aber keine Vorhersagekraft für den Übergang in die psychotische Erstmanifestation erkennen. Die psychosozialen Funktionsverluste im HRP scheinen zudem nicht nur mit der SÄ, sondern auch mit den ebenfalls häufigen komorbiden depressiven Störungen in Verbindung zu stehen. Ferner konnte eine Studie zeigen, dass es erfolgversprechend ist, die SÄ im HRP durch neu entwickelte spezialisierte kognitive Verhaltenstherapien anzugehen.
Snacking is Common in People with Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 with Insulin Therapy and Is Not Associated With Metabolic Control or Quality of Life
Authors: Schübert Helen , Müller Ulrich A. , Kramer Guido , Müller Nicolle , Heller Tabitha , Kloos Christof , Kuniss Nadine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Objective The aim of this observational study was to analyse snacking pattern and satisfaction with snacking, and to associate snacking patterns with metabolic control and quality of life in people with diabetes type 1 and 2 on insulin therapy.
Methods In 2017, 390 people with diabetes were interviewed in a university outpatient department: 132 diabetes type 1 (56.1y, diabetes duration 24.2y, HbA1c 7.0%), 89 diabetes type 2/biphasic insulin (72.8y, diabetes duration 22.0y, HbA1c 7.1%) and 169 diabetes type 2/prandial insulin (66.7y, diabetes duration 20.5y, HbA1c 7.0%). Standardised questionnaires were used to assess eating patterns, satisfaction with snacking, treatment satisfaction and quality of life.
Results The far majority snacked regardless of diabetes type and type of insulin therapy (70.5% type 1, 80.9% type 2/biphasic insulin, 74.6% type 2/prandial insulin) and liked to do so or did not mind (type 1 diabetes 79.5%, type 2 diabetes/biphasic insulin 84.8%, type 2 diabetes/prandial insulin 83.5%). Snacking because of recommendations of healthcare professionals was rare (10.8% type 1 diabetes, 8.2% type 2 diabetes/biphasic insulin, 9.4% type 2 diabetes/prandial insulin). Snacking and not snacking participants did not differ in respect to HbA1c, quality of life or treatment satisfaction.
Conclusions Snacking seems to be a common habit in individuals with diabetes and most of them like to snack. Snacking is not associated with better or worse metabolic control or quality of life. The decision to snack or not to snack can be left to the individual and integrated into the therapy without danger for the glycaemic control.
Symptomatic Ruptured Seed-Type Partial Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Hyeun , Yudoyono Farid , Jang Jee , Jang Il , Oh Seong , Adsul Nitin 
Published: July 2018

Background Seed-type partial ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) causing severe radiculopathy after rupture has not yet been described in the literature.
Case Description A 51-year-old man presented with sudden onset severe back pain and right anterior thigh pain without any neurologic deficit after lifting a heavy weight. On preoperative computed tomography, we identified a ruptured seed-type partial OLF at the L1–L2 level. T2-weighted magnetic resonance sagittal and axial images showed thecal sac compression by the ruptured OLF. There was no improvement in his symptoms after 2 weeks of conservative management. The patient had percutaneous full endoscopic interlaminar removal of OLF. Postoperatively he experienced prompt improvement of his symptoms.
Conclusion Rupture of seed-type partial OLF causing severe radiculopathy is extremely rare, and percutaneous endoscopy is a safe and effective alternative to open surgery in selected cases.
Recombinant Rat Protein C: Comparative Studies of Structure, Function and Synthesis with Plasma Protein C
Authors: Ono Mayumi , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Okafuji Takaaki , Enjoh Tomoko , Nawa Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn order to elucidate the role of protein C (PC) in the rat, we expressed, purified, and characterized recombinant rat PC. The purified recombinant rat PC was 70–90% two-chain (41 kDa heavy chain; 22 and 23 kDa light chain) and 10–30% single-chain (61 kDa). Amino acid analysis confirmed the presence of 10 moles of γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues per mol of protein. For comparison, plasma rat PC was purified from a barium citrate precipitate using similar method. Plasma rat PC was a two-chain form (41 kDa heavy chain; 22 kDa light chain) with no detectable single-chain nor 23 kDa light chain. For determination of the in vitro secreted species, primary cultured rat hepatocytes were incubated for 6 h with methionine-free MEM containing vitamin K1, aprotinin, and [35S]methionine. The supernatant was immunoprecipitated and analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. Approximately 90% of the PC radioactivity migrated as a two-chain molecule. These results indicate that rat PC is secreted mainly as a two-chain molecule from the liver. PROTAC-activated forms of recombinant rat PC, plasma rat PC, and plasma human PC hydrolyzed the S-2366 chromogenic substrate at the same rate Recombinant rat PC was also activated by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex at a rate similar to plasma lat PC. The anticoagulant activities of the three activated PCs were examined in rat plasma. Both recombinant and plasma rat PC prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time in a dose-dependent manner, but plasma human PC was less effective. These results suggest that recombinant rat PC is applicable for in vivo thrombosis studies in the rat.
Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Directed Against the Carboxyl-Terminus of Human Factor XIII
Authors: Song Yeqing , Taubenfeld Stephen M , Sheng DeQuan , Matsueda Gary R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBy deriving an anti-peptide monoclonal antibody, mAb 7A4, we characterized the relatively unstudied carboxyl-terminal end of the α-chain of human factor XIII, the plasma transglutaminase. MAb 7A4 was directed against the last eight amino acids (Gln-Ile-Gln-Arg-Arg-Pro-Ser-Met) and bound with a dissociation constant of 3.4 × 10−8 M. In a solid assay format, mAb 7A4 bound equally well to factor XIII obtained from human plasma, platelets or placenta. However, in a solution-phase assay format, the epitope was largely unavailable but could be readily exposed by heat denaturation. Tmmunoblotting showed that this epitope is conserved among all species of plasma factor XIII tested except rabbit suggesting that the carboxyl-terminus might be an important structural element. Other competitive binding experiments with synthetic peptides as inhibitors pointed toward the final carboxyl-terminal amino acid, Met-731, as an immunochemically important determinant. This was used advantageously to confirm the finding that the caiboxyl-leiminal Mel-731 is largely absent from placental factor XIII (1) as compared to platelet or plasma factor XIII.
Ticlopidine Facilitates the Deaggregation of Human Platelets Aggregated by Thrombin
Authors: Cattaneo M , Akkawat B , Kinlough-Rathbone R L , Packham M A , Cimminiello C , Mannucci P M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryNormal human platelets aggregated by thrombin undergo the release reaction and are not readily deaggregated by the combination of inhibitors hirudin, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and chymotrypsin. Released adenosine diphosphate (ADP) plays an important role in the stabilization of thrombin-induced human platelet aggregates. Since ticlopidine inhibits the platelet responses to ADP, we studied thrombin-induced aggregation and deaggregation of 14C-serotonin-labeled platelets from 12 patients with cardiovascular disease before and 7 days after the oral administration of ticlopidine, 250 mg b.i.d. Before and after ticlopidine, platelets stimulated with 1 U/ml thrombin aggregated, released about 80–90% 14C-serotinin and did not deaggregate spontaneously within 5 min from stimulation. Before ticlopidine, hirudin (5× the activity of thrombin) and PGE1 (10 μmol/1) plus chymotrypsin (10 U/ml) or plasmin (0.06 U/ml), added at the peak of platelet aggregation, caused slight or no platelet deaggregation. After ticlopidine, the extent of platelet deaggregation caused by the same inhibitors was significantly greater than before ticlopidine. The addition of ADP (10 μmol/1) to platelet suspensions 5 s after thrombin did not prevent the deaggregation of ticlopidine-treated platelets. Thus, ticlopidine facilitates the deaggregation of thrombin-induced human platelet aggregates, most probably because it inhibits the effects of ADP on platelets.
The Effects of Metal Ions on Esterase Activities of Urokinase
Authors: Sumi Hiroyuki , Takada Yumiko , Takada Akikazu 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe esterase activity of highly purified human urokinase on Nα-acetylglycyl-L-lysine methyl ester is strongly inhibited by 1 × 10-5tol × 10“2MCu++, Hg++, Ni++, Co++, Fe+++, and Mn++ solutions, whereas Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++ are weakly effective. This inhibition is parallel with the inhibition of activation of plasminogen by urokinase. There is no simple linear relation between inhibition and ion concentration. Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate or electrodialysis fully reactivates the inhibited enzyme. These results are discussed in relation to similar effects of ions on trypsin.
Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Haemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Dube Rama Kanta , Rao P V B , Saha P K , Katiyar B C , Dube B 
Published: July 2018

SummaryStudies of 11 patients with haemorrhagic stroke revealed no significant change in kaolin cephalin clotting time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, PF 3 availability, platelet count and factor V and VIII during the first week. Plasma fibrinogen was significantly increased while factors VII+X were decreased (borderline significance). Prolongation of plasma recalcification time and decrease in heparin tolerance reached borderline significance. There was moderate, but significant, increase in serum antithrombin activity and plasma (euglobulin fraction) fibrinolytic activity.
Platelet Aggregation in Rats in Relation to Hyperuricaemia Induced by Dietary Single-Cell Protein and to Protein Deficiency
Authors: Winocour P D , Turner M R , Taylor T G , Munday K A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA major limitation to single-cell protein (SCP) as a human food is its high nucleic acid content, the purine moiety of which is metabolised to uric acid. Rats given a Fusarium mould as a source of SCP in diets containing oxonate, a uricase inhibitor, showed elevated plasma and kidney uric acid concentrations after 21 d, which were related to the level of dietary mould. ADP-induced and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was greater in the hyperuricaemic rats than in controls and a progressive increase in aggregation with increasing levels of dietary mould was observed. Furthermore a time-lag, exceeding the life-span of rat platelets, was observed between the development of hyperuricaemia and the increase in aggregation. A similar time-lag was observed between the lowering of the hyperuricaemia and the reduction of platelet aggregation when oxonate was removed from the diet.If human platelets react to uric acid in the same manner as rat platelets this might explain the link that has been suggested between hyperuricaemia and ischaemic heart disease. In that event diets high in nucleic acids might be contra-indicated in people at risk from ischaemic heart disease.In rats given a low protein diet (50 g casein/kg) for 21 d ADP-induced and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and whole blood platelet count were reduced compared with control animals receiving 200 g casein/kg diet but not in rats given 90 or 130 g casein/kg diet. A study of the time course on this effect indicated that the reduction both in aggregation tendency and in whole blood platelet count occurred after 4 d of feeding the low protein diet. These values were further reduced with time.
‘Spontaneous’ Platelet Aggregation: its Characteristics and Relation to Aggregation by Other Agents
Authors: Ts’ao Chung-Hsin , Ali Nabil , Kolb Todd 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelet aggregation results of 117 patients were analysed. All had documented evidence of stroke, recurrent transient ischemic attacks and other neurologic symptoms, and all were hospitalized in the same Rehabilitation Center. Attention was specifically directed to the ‘spontaneous’ platelet aggregation (SPA) phenomenon, in terms of its characteristics and relationship to platelet count and aggregation induced by 3 physiologic agents. About 50 % of the samples showed SPA but not all of them were hyperaggregable by other aggregating agents. A great deal of variation was found in the aggregation time, slope and extent of SPA. These variations do not always appear to relate to platelet count, or the responsiveness of platelets to other aggregating agents.
The Effect of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels on Measures of Fibrinolytic Activity
Authors: Chakrabarti R , North W R S , Meade T W 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIt has been claimed that lysis time methods may be inappropriate as measures of fibrinolytic activity on the grounds that they are largely determined by plasma fibrinogen levels. The dilute blood clot lysis time (DBCLT) has therefore been measured in 103 subjects; fibrinolytic activity (expressed as 100/DBCLT) has been compared with the fibrin plate area (FPA) lysed by the euglobulin fraction, the latter method being, of course, virtually independent of plasma fibrinogen. Plasma fibrinogen levels have also been measured; they ranged from 167 to 416 mg%. Results have been analysed by the technique of multiple regression. The incorporation of plasma fibrinogen levels in the regression equation relating 100/DBCLT to FPA does not result in a significant increase in the proportion of the variance in 100/DBCLT that can be explained. It is concluded that there is no evidence that DBCLT is influenced by plasma fibrinogen levels within the physiological range.
A Rapid Chromatographic Method for Quantitation of High Molecular Weight Fibrinogen Derivatives in Plasma
Authors: Musumeci Vincenzo , Culasso Dolly , Boni Paolo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHigh molecular weight fibrinogen derivatives were precipitated from 3 ml of plasma by 0.88 M ammonium sulphate. The resuspended precipitate was analyzed by chromatography on a 2.5 × 30 cm glass bead Bio-Gel 5 M column by using a flow rate of 60 cm/hr and continuous effluent monitoring at O. D. 280 nm. Complete elution of fibrinogen occurred in 50 min. Elution profile was handled according to the chromatographic plate theory analysis. Results obtained by our method were not significantly different from those obtained by conventional chromatography.
The Influence of Thrombin on the Clotting Activity of Factor VIII. A Study with Insolubilized Thrombin
Authors: Vukovich Th , Koller E , Doleschel W 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn investigation of the influence of thrombin on the clotting activity of factor VIII was made. Purified factor VIII and different amounts of thrombin complexed to Sepharose 4 B were mixed and incubated for various periods of time. The factor VIII activities of these incubation mixtures were determined by the one- and two-stage analytical procedures in the presence of the thrombin-sepharose and in its absence following the latter removal from the test sample by filtration. The results so obtained confirm the view that thrombin inactivates factor VIII. Evidences for a thrombin-induced potentiation of the factor VIII activity, seen only in the thrombin-sepharose containing test samples analyzed by the one-stage method, are here interpreted as thrombin-effects peculiar to this factor VIII test system and not as potentiation by thrombin of the factor itself.
Thrombocytopenia Induced in Mice by Thromboplastin Infusion – Essential Role of the Third Complement Component
Authors: Giraudo Luis A , Dalmasso Agustin P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryStudies were performed in mice to investigate the effects of the slow infusion of brain thromboplastin (tissue factor) on blood platelet levels. Thromboplastin caused pronounced thrombocytopenia in all strains of mice tested without histological evidence of intravascular coagulation. The role of the complement system in the thrombocytopenic response to thromboplastin administration was evaluated by using complement-deficient animals. Depending on experimental conditions, the degree of platelet reduction in C5-deficient mice was similar to or significantly lower than in normocomplementemic animals. C5-deficient mice reconstituted with mouse plasma or purified human C5 had a thrombocytopenic reaction identical to that of normocomplementemic controls. The thrombocytopenic response of B10.D2/new and old line mice could be abrogated by inactivating C3 with cobra venom factor prior to the administration of thromboplastin. We conclude that in mice C3 plays a central role in the thrombocytopenia induced by thromboplastin infusion, while C5 (and/or other late acting components) plays only a minor role. In vivo activation of complement by thromboplastin was indicated by the finding that thromboplastin infusion in B10.D2/new mice caused a significant reduction in total serum hemolytic complement and a slight reduction in C3 measured immunochemically. The platelet counts of uninjected B10.D2/new mice were slightly but significantly higher than in B10.D2/old mice.
Fibrinolysis in Decidual Spiral Arteries in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Sheppard B L , Bonnar J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe fibrinolytic activity of the intimal cells of decidual spiral arteries and the syncytium of placental villi was studied by electron microscopy in ten normal full-term human pregnancies using a modification of the fibrin slide technique. Endothelial cells lining the intima of the decidual spiral arteries showed a considerably greater fibrinolytic activity than intimal cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast showed no activity.The replacement of endothelial cells by an intimal lining of cytotrophoblast, and the presence of cytotrophoblast in the media, appears to play an important role in the reduction of the fibrinolytic activity of the vessel. This inhibition of fibrinolytic activity in the utero-placental arteries may be the physiological mechanism which controls fibrin deposition in these vessels and on the placental villi.
The Inhibiting Effect of a Plasma Globulin on Arterial Thrombus Formation (as Compared to Dipyridamole)
Authors: Bourgain R H , Six F , Smets P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe inhibiting effect on arterial white thrombus formation of a globulin prepared from beef plasma has been compared to dipyridamole in white Wistar rats. It was demonstrated that the globulin fraction had a greater effect in inhibiting thrombus formation as judged by the lag time [t(1)], the maximal thrombus value [m(T)], the maximal thickness of the thrombus [m(D)] and the maximal thrombus surface [m(O)].
Effects of Heparin, Typhoid Vaccine and Thrombophlebitis on Factor X Metabolism in the Dog
Authors: Takeda Y , Arai H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryStudies were made of the effects of heparin, typhoid vaccine and thrombophlebitis on factor X (F.X) metabolism in dogs, using 125-labelled F.X (125I-F.X) as a tracer. 10 healthy male dogs were used for control study and 5 male dogs were used for each of other studies. Plasma F.X concentration was measured by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. In the control dogs, the plasma F.X concentration was 2.4 ± 0.2 (SD) mg per dl, the plasma F.X (x) was 1.2 ± 0.1(SD) mg per kg, the halflife of plasma 125I-F.X(t½) was 0.5 ± 0.01 (SD) days, the fractional catabolic rate (j3p) was 2.4 ± 0.1 (SD) per day and the catabolic flur (J3pX) (synthesis rate) was 2.9 ± 0.7 (SD) mg per kg per day. These results were not appreciably altered in heparinized dogs. However, a single intravenous injection of 2 ml typhoid vaccine caused a shortened t½ of 0.38 ± 0.01 (SD) days and a decrease of plasma F.X concentration to 1.3 ± 0.13 (SD) mg per dl. Studies in heparinized dogs showed similar effects of typhoid vaccine. Next, thrombophlebitis was produced by a previous method and its effects on F.X metabolism were studied. No detectable alterations of F.X metabolism were found. These results indicate that in health most F. X is directly catabolized without the formation of activated F.X (F.Xa), that the observed effects of typhoid vaccine are mostly due to an acceleration of the direct catabolism of F.X without F.Xa formation and finally that localized thrombophlebitis has no appreciable effects on F.X metabolism.
Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by a New Agent, Ticlopidine
Authors: Ashida Shin-Ichiro , Abiko Yasushi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEffect of Ticlopidine, 5-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro[3,2-C]pyridine hydrochloride, on platelet aggregation was studied in the rat. Ticlopidine was found to be a potent, long-lasting inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It inhibited the aggregation induced by any of ADP, collagen, thrombin, arachidonic acid and prostaglandin endoperoxides and/or thromboxane A2-like substance. Ticlopidine was effective at doses as low as 30 mg/kg when orally given to rats, and the effect lasted as long as the life span of the circulating platelets (half time: about 48 hours).Ticlopidine inhibited also nucleotide release from and prostaglandin synthesis in the platelets, but did not significantly affect platelet adhesiveness to glass, platelet factor 3 availability and clot retraction.