bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Following in Partners’ Footsteps: An Uncertainty‐Reduction Perspective on Firms’ Choice of New Markets
Authors: Makarevich Alex , Kim Young‐Choon 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we develop a new perspective on what determines firms’ choice of new markets for entry. First, drawing on the open‐system theoretical tradition and literature on inter‐organizational networks, we advance and empirically test the proposition that firms tend to enter new markets to which they are connected by partnership ties. We then show that this network influence is filtered through the structure of firms’ network connections to new markets and firms’ experience. Specifically, we find that multiplicity of connections to new markets, as well as the extensiveness of firms’ experience and its relevance to new markets weaken the effect of network ties on firms’ choice of new markets. The results of this study indicate that firms’ choice of new markets for entry is a nuanced process that is affected by the interplay of firms’ collaborative ties, the structure of their network, and firms’ internal capabilities. We test our hypotheses in the empirical context of the U.S. venture capital (VC) industry using panel data over a 23‐year period and find broad support for them.
Antidiarrheal effect of bioactivity‐guided fractions and bioactive components of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels
Authors: Zhao S.‐S. , Ma D.‐X. , Zhu Y. , Zhao J.‐H. , Zhang Y. , Chen J.‐Q. , Sheng Z.‐L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPomegranate peels have been widely used to treat diarrhea in China. The antidiarrheal activities of aqueous extracts of pomegranate peels have been evaluated. However, there have not been any bioactivity‐guided fractionation studies on the antidiarrheal effect to identify the bioactive components of the extract.MethodsBioactivity‐guided fractionation of an aqueous extract of pomegranate peels was performed using different solvents of increasing polarity, generating fractions dissolved in ethyl acetate, n‐butyl alcohol, and the residual fraction. The principal chemical composition of the active fraction was analyzed by HPLC/ESI‐MS.Key ResultsFecal frequencies revealed that only the ethyl acetate fraction possessed significant antidiarrheal activity. Furthermore, administration of the ethyl acetate fraction at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced gastrointestinal transit in charcoal meal tests in mice. It also significantly inhibited castor oil‐induced enteropooling compared to control animals. Histopathological analysis revealed that small intestine lesions of mice treated with the ethyl acetate fraction were alleviated compared to those in mice treated with castor oil. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be composed mainly of punicalagin, corilagin, and ellagic acid, and a combination of these compounds could mediate the antidiarrheal activities.Conclusion and InferencesOur study describes the protective effects of pomegranate peels against castor oil‐induced diarrhea. The findings showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the active fraction of pomegranate peels, of which punicalagin, corilagin, and ellagic acid were responsible for the antidiarrheal effect of aqueous extracts.
Egalitarian nonconsequentialism and the levelling down objection
Authors: O'Brien David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTelic egalitarianism is famously threatened by the levelling down objection. In its canonical form, the objection purports to show that it is not, in itself, an improvement if inequality is reduced. In a variant that is less often discussed, the objection is that telic egalitarians are committed to believing that sometimes one ought to reduce inequality, even when doing so makes no one better off. The standard egalitarian response to this ‘all things considered’ variant of the levelling down objection is to embed egalitarianism in a pluralist consequentialist moral theory. In section 1, I briefly recapitulate this familiar strategy. In section 2, I argue that this standard pluralist consequentialist response is inadequate. The inadequacy of the standard response, I argue, stems from the fact that the following are jointly inconsistent: (1) a commitment to levelling down's impermissibility; (2) standard pluralist egalitarian consequentialism; (3) inequality being of non‐trivial importance; and (4) the most plausible measures of inequality's badness. In section 3, I show that egalitarians can better respond to the all‐things‐considered levelling down objection by embedding egalitarianism in a nonconsequentialist moral theory.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas chlororaphis Lzh-T5, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium with Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Li Zhenghua , Li Xiaoming , Zeng Qiangcheng , Chen Mei , Liu Dan , Wang Jihua , Shen Liang , Song Feng 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Lzh-T5 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) with antimicrobial activity isolated from tomato rhizosphere in the city of Dezhou, Shandong Province, China. Here, the draft genome sequence of
P. chlororaphis
Lzh-T5 is reported, and several functional genes related to antifungal antibiotics and siderophore biosynthesis have been found in the genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mercury-Resistant Pseudomonas putida Strain DRA525
Authors: Drace Kevin , Giangiuli Stephanie , LeSar Claire , Kiefer Adam M. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas putida
strain DRA525, isolated from mercury-contaminated soil. This strain shows resistance to mercury and multiple antibiotics, and its genome sequence contains several gene sets known to confer resistance to heavy metals enzymatically and through multidrug efflux pumps.
Intragenogroup Recombination in the Complete Genome Sequence of Human Sapovirus Circulating in Bangladesh
Authors: Dey Shuvra Kanti , Sumiya Mariya Kibtiya , Shaha Modhusudon , Haque Razoanul , Okitsu Shoko , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Human sapovirus (SaV) is responsible for severe gastroenteritis among infants and children. Research about the genetic configuration of SaV is scarce in Bangladesh. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an SaV strain with intragenogroup recombination, isolated from an infant with severe diarrhea in Bangladesh in 2005.
Consecutive negative findings on colonoscopy during surveillance predict a low risk of advanced neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with long-standing colitis: results of a 15-year multicentre, multinational cohort study
Authors: ten Hove Joren R , Shah Shailja C , Shaffer Seth R , Bernstein Charles N , Castaneda Daniel , Palmela Carolina , Mooiweer Erik , Elman Jordan , Kumar Akash , Glass Jason , Axelrad Jordan , Ullman Thomas A , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Torres Joana , van Bodegraven Adriaan A , Hoentjen Frank , Jansen Jeroen M , de Jong Michiel E , Mahmmod Nofel , van der Meulen-de Jong Andrea E , Ponsioen Cyriel Y , van der Woude Christine J , Itzkowitz Steven H , Oldenburg Bas 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesSurveillance colonoscopy is thought to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with long-standing colonic IBD, but data regarding the frequency of surveillance and the findings thereof are lacking. Our aim was to determine whether consecutive negative surveillance colonoscopies adequately predict low neoplastic risk.DesignA multicentre, multinational database of patients with long-standing IBD colitis without high-risk features and undergoing regular CRC surveillance was constructed. A ‘negative’ surveillance colonoscopy was predefined as a technically adequate procedure having no postinflammatory polyps, no strictures, no endoscopic disease activity and no evidence of neoplasia; a ‘positive’ colonoscopy was a technically adequate procedure that included at least one of these criteria. The primary endpoint was advanced colorectal neoplasia (aCRN), defined as high-grade dysplasia or CRC.ResultsOf 775 patients with long-standing IBD colitis, 44% (n=340) had >1 negative colonoscopy. Patients with consecutive negative surveillance colonoscopies were compared with those who had at least one positive colonoscopy. Both groups had similar demographics, disease-related characteristics, number of surveillance colonoscopies and time intervals between colonoscopies. No aCRN occurred in those with consecutive negative surveillance, compared with an incidence rate of 0.29 to 0.76/100 patient-years (P=0.02) in those having >1 positive colonoscopy on follow-up of 6.1 (P25–P75: 4.6–8.2) years after the index procedure.ConclusionWithin this large surveillance cohort of patients with colonic IBD and no additional high-risk features, having two consecutive negative colonoscopies predicted a very low risk of aCRN occurrence on follow-up. Our findings suggest that longer surveillance intervals in this selected population may be safe.
Effects of reducing dietary energy (tallow) in diets containing emulsifier blend on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in growing pigs
Authors: Yin Jia , Jiao Yang , Kim Yong Min , Kim In Ho 
Published: May 2018

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of reducing dietary energy (tallow) in diets contain 0.05% emulsifier blend (sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate and Tween-20) on growth performance parameters in growing pigs. Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts were used to examine responses to supplemental graded levels of energy (3260, 3240, and 3220 kcal kg−1, respectively) in diets. However, no significant difference was observed in all treatment diets. There is an opportunity to reduce feed cost by reducing energy in diets containing emulsifier blend.
Dielectric and impedance spectroscopy of K+-doped MgAl2O4nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Bukhari S. H. , Qadeer Awan M. , Ehsan Mazhar M. , Makhdoom A. R. 
Published: May 2018

In this study, the dielectric response of Potassium (K[Formula: see text])-doped magnesium aluminates nanoparticles (Mg[Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text]Al2O4, x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) have been investigated as a function of frequency (20 Hz to 2 MHz) at room-temperature. Interestingly, the behavior of dielectric constant indicated the ionic or space charge polarization in the low-frequency range and it remains almost constant at high frequency. However, the value of conductivity increases at higher frequencies which is consistent with the previously reported results for the parent compound MgAl2O4. Moreover, the Cole–Cole plots represent various relaxation phenomena reflecting the existence of grain (boundaries) resistance effects.
Nuclear Astrophysics Deep Underground
Authors: Depalo Rosanna 
Published: May 2018

Cross sections of nuclear reactions relevant for astrophysics are crucial ingredients to understand the energy generation inside stars and the synthesis of the elements. At astrophysical energies, nuclear cross sections are often too small to be measured in laboratories on the Earth surface, where the signal would be overwhelmed by the cosmic-ray induced background. LUNA is a unique Nuclear Astrophysics experiment located at Gran Sasso National Laboratories. The extremely low background achieved at LUNA allows to measure nuclear cross sections directly at the energies of astrophysical interest. Over the years, many crucial reactions involved in stellar hydrogen burning as well as Big Bang nucleosynthesis have been measured at LUNA. The present contribution provides an overview on underground Nuclear Astrophysics as well as the latest results and future perspectives of the LUNA experiment.
Precision Measurements with an Electroweak Boson in the Final State with the ATLAS Detector
Authors: Lang Valerie S. 
Published: May 2018

Measurements of the Drell-Yan production of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] bosons at the LHC provide a benchmark of our understanding of perturbative QCD and probe the proton structure in a unique way. The ATLAS collaboration has performed new measurements for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] boson production, reaching unprecedented precision and strong constraints on parton distribution functions, in particular the strange quark density. Studying jet production in association with a vector boson, perturbative QCD predictions can be tested in a multi-scale environment. Once the QCD aspects of the vector boson production are understood, high precision measurements aim at the tests of the electroweak sector, such as measuring the [Formula: see text] boson mass. Here, a selection of recent ATLAS measurements, as presented at the 21st Particles and Nuclei International Conference, in September 2017 in Beijing, China, is discussed.
Differences in lumbar motor neuron pruning in an animal model of early onset spasticity
Authors: Brandenburg Joline E. , Gransee Heather M. , Fogarty Matthew J. , Sieck Gary C. 
Published: May 2018

Motor neuron (MN) development in early onset spasticity is poorly understood. For example, spastic cerebral palsy (sCP), the most common motor disability of childhood, is poorly predicted by brain imaging, yet research remains focused on the brain. By contrast, MNs, via the motor unit and neurotransmitter signaling, are the target of most therapeutic spasticity treatments and are the final common output of motor control. MN development in sCP is a critical knowledge gap, because the late embryonic and postnatal periods are not only when the supposed brain injury occurs but also are critical times for spinal cord neuromotor development. Using an animal model of early onset spasticity [ spa mouse (B6.Cg- Glrbspa/J) with a glycine (Gly) receptor mutation], we hypothesized that removal of effective glycinergic neurotransmitter inputs to MNs during development will influence MN pruning (including primary dendrites) and MN size. Spa (Glrb−/−) and wild-type (Glrb+/+) mice, ages 4–9 wk, underwent unilateral retrograde labeling of the tibialis anterior muscle MNs via peroneal nerve dip in tetramethylrhodamine. After 3 days, mice were euthanized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, and the spinal cord was excised and processed for confocal imaging. Spa mice had ~61% fewer lumbar tibialis anterior MNs ( P < 0.01), disproportionately affecting larger MNs. Additionally, a ~23% reduction in tibialis anterior MN somal surface area ( P < 0.01) and a 12% increase in primary dendrites ( P = 0.046) were observed. Thus MN pruning and MN somal surface area are abnormal in early onset spasticity. Fewer and smaller MNs may contribute to the spastic phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor neuron (MN) development in early onset spasticity is poorly understood. In an animal model of early onset spasticity, spa mice, we found ~61% fewer lumbar tibialis anterior MNs compared with controls. This MN loss disproportionately affected larger MNs. Thus number and heterogeneity of the MN pool are decreased in spa mice, likely contributing to the spastic phenotype.
Dependence of behavioral performance on material category in an object-grasping task with monkeys
Authors: Yokoi Isao , Tachibana Atsumichi , Minamimoto Takafumi , Goda Naokazu , Komatsu Hidehiko 
Published: May 2018

Material perception is an essential part of our cognitive function that enables us to properly interact with our complex daily environment. One important aspect of material perception is its multimodal nature. When we see an object, we generally recognize its haptic properties as well as its visual properties. Consequently, one must examine behavior using real objects that are perceived both visually and haptically to fully understand the characteristics of material perception. As a first step, we examined whether there is any difference in the behavioral responses to different materials in monkeys trained to perform an object grasping task in which they saw and grasped rod-shaped real objects made of various materials. We found that the monkeys’ behavior in the grasping task, which was measured based on the success rate and the pulling force, differed depending on the material category. Monkeys easily and correctly grasped objects of some materials, such as metal and glass, but failed to grasp objects of other materials. In particular, monkeys avoided grasping fur-covered objects. The differences in the behavioral responses to the material categories cannot be explained solely based on the degree of familiarity with the different materials. These results shed light on the organization of multimodal representation of materials, where their biological significance is an important factor. In addition, a monkey that avoided touching real fur-covered objects readily touched images of the same objects presented on a CRT display. This suggests that employing real objects is important when studying behaviors related to material perception. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested monkeys using an object-grasping task in which monkeys saw and grasped rod-shaped real objects made of various materials. We found that the monkeys’ behavior differed dramatically across the material categories and that the behavioral differences could not be explained solely based on the degree of familiarity with the different materials. These results shed light on the organization of multimodal representation of materials, where the biological significance of materials is an important factor.
Genomic Status ofMETPotentiates Sensitivity to MET and MEK Inhibition in NF1-Related Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Peacock Jacqueline D. , Pridgeon Matthew G. , Tovar Elizabeth A. , Essenburg Curt J. , Bowman Megan , Madaj Zachary , Koeman Julie , Boguslawski Elissa A. , Grit Jamie , Dodd Rebecca D. , Khachaturov Vadim , Cardona Diana M. , Chen Mark , Kirsch David G. , Maina Flavio , Dono Rosanna , Winn Mary E. , Graveel Carrie R. , Steensma Matthew R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are highly resistant sarcomas that occur in up to 13% of individuals with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). Genomic analysis of longitudinally collected tumor samples in a case of MPNST disease progression revealed early hemizygous microdeletions in NF1 and TP53, with progressive amplifications of MET, HGF, and EGFR. To examine the role of MET in MPNST progression, we developed mice with enhanced MET expression and Nf1 ablation (Nf1fl/ko;lox-stop-loxMETtg/+;Plp-creERTtg/+; referred to as NF1-MET). NF1-MET mice express a robust MPNST phenotype in the absence of additional mutations. A comparison of NF1-MET MPNSTs with MPNSTs derived from Nf1ko/+;p53R172H;Plp-creERTtg/+ (NF1-P53) and Nf1ko/+;Plp-creERTtg/+ (NF1) mice revealed unique Met, Ras, and PI3K signaling patterns. NF1-MET MPNSTs were uniformly sensitive to the highly selective MET inhibitor, capmatinib, whereas a heterogeneous response to MET inhibition was observed in NF1-P53 and NF1 MPNSTs. Combination therapy of capmatinib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib resulted in reduced response variability, enhanced suppression of tumor growth, and suppressed RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling. These results highlight the influence of concurrent genomic alterations on RAS effector signaling and therapy response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, these findings expand our current understanding of the role of MET signaling in MPNST progression and identify a potential therapeutic niche for NF1-related MPNSTs.Significance: Longitudinal genomic analysis reveals a positive selection for MET and HGF copy number gain early in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor progression. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3672–87. ©2018 AACR.
Androgen Receptor Signaling Reduces Radiosensitivity in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ide Hiroki , Inoue Satoshi , Mizushima Taichi , Jiang Guiyang , Chuang Kuang-Hsiang , Oya Mototsugu , Miyamoto Hiroshi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Although radiotherapy often with chemotherapy has been shown to offer a survival benefit comparable with that of radical cystectomy in select patients with bladder cancer, the development of radiosensitization strategies may significantly enhance its application. Notably, emerging preclinical evidence has indicated the involvement of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in urothelial cancer progression. We here assessed whether AR signals could contribute to modulating radiosensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Ionizing radiation reduced the numbers of viable cells or colonies of AR-negative lines more significantly than those of AR-positive lines. Similarly, in AR-positive cells cultured in androgen-depleted conditions, dihydrotestosterone treatment lowered the effects of irradiation. Meanwhile, an antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide enhanced them in AR-positive cells cultured in the presence of androgens. AR knockdown or hydroxyflutamide treatment also resulted in a delay in DNA double-strand break repair 4–24 hours after irradiation. We then established “radiation-resistant” sublines and found considerable elevation of the expression of AR as well as DNA repair genes, such as ATR, CHEK1, and PARP-1, in these sublines, compared with respective controls. Furthermore, dihydrotestosterone induced the expression of these DNA repair genes in irradiated AR-positive cells, and hydroxyflutamide antagonized the androgen effects. Finally, in a mouse xenograft model, low-dose flutamide was found to enhance the inhibitory effects of irradiation, and its tumor size was similar to that of AR knockdown line with radiation alone. These findings suggest that AR activity inversely correlates with radiosensitivity in bladder cancer. Accordingly, antiandrogenic drugs may function as sensitizers of irradiation, especially in patients with AR-positive urothelial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1566–74. ©2018 AACR.
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Symptomatic Renal Sinus Cysts: Long-Term Results and Literature Review
Authors: Mancini Vito , Cormio Luigi , d’Altilia Nicola , Benedetto Giuseppe , Ferrarese Paolo , Balzarro Matteo , Defidio Lorenzo , Carrieri Giuseppe 
Published: May 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> To report the long-term multicenter experience with retrograde intrarenal holmium-laser incision (RIR-HoLI) in the management of symptomatic renal sinus cysts (RSCs). In the literature, RIR-HoLI has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment, but there are only a few reports regarding long-term results and reproducibility of this procedure. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> From June 2010 to June 2015, 14 patients with symptomatic RSCs underwent RIR-HoLI. The mean age was 52.1 ± 11.28 years (range 28–77) and the mean cyst size was 53.2 ± 14.23 mm (range 35–90). In all cases, contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) showed compression of the renal pelvis by the cyst (no malignancy). Surgical outcome was assessed in terms of symptoms improvement (measured by Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] for pain) and renal ultrasound findings at 3–6–12 months postoperatively and then yearly. CT scan was carried out at 12 months follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> RIR-HoLI was successful in all patients. The mean operative time was 47.8 ± 13.54 min (range 30–80) and mean hospital stay was 3.5 days (range 2–5). There were 2 Clavien grade II complications (flank pain and urgency delaying discharge). After surgery, all patients ­became asymptomatic (VAS score change, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). One patient had persistence of a small cyst (10 mm). Mean follow-up is 44 ± 17.24 months (range 24–84); all patients remained asymptomatic, with no signs of recurrence. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> RIR-HoLI proved to be a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic RSCs. In our experience, it provided excellent long-term results and was reproducible at 4 different ­institutions.