bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support for women after fistula repair: a scoping review
Authors: Wella Kondwani , Chilemba Evelyn , Namathanga Annie , Chakhame Bertha 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Obstetric fistula (OF) is a birth complication that largely affects women in developing countries. The women suffer constant incontinence, shame, social segregation, and health problems. Reconstructive surgery can usually repair OF, and enable women to reintegrate back into their communities. However, physically repair does not necessarily result in emotional recovery. Our objective was to explore women’s experiences of social support during the twelve months following a first time OF repair.

Methods
An evidence synthesis was performed based on a systematic search of literature published between 2008 and October 2019 in PubMed, Medline and CINAHL databases using keywords “Obstetric Fistula”, "vesicovaginal fistula", "vesicovaginal", “Fistula”, and “Social Support”. Inclusion criteria were primary peer reviewed articles addressing one or more study objectives, in English, on OF support, regardless of location. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility of the studies and extracted the data. Disagreement between the reviewers were resolved by a third reviewer.

Results
The search resulted in 212 articles, of which 15 were included in this review. The analysis of the studies was guided by Berkman’s Model. The model suggests that there is a link between social resources, social support and disease. We found that support was either internal or external. Internal support constituted self-efficacy resulting into strengthened internal locus of control. Externally, women were supported by friends and family with material and financial resources. They were also supported with education opportunities, and business start-up capital. Our review also identified the need to support women with information about OF. Most women who were successfully integrated into their communities supported other women suffering from OF.

Conclusions
Social networks make a significant contribution to emotional and psychological recovery of women after a successful OF surgical repair. Social networks were also found to be detrimental to emotional and psychological recovery of women. Most women were abandoned and not supported by their husbands. Only constructive surgery is not enough as OF treatment. Women need supportive and well organised social networks for them to make full recovery after OF repair.
Autologous plasma versus fetal calf serum as a supplement for the culture of neutrophils.
Authors: Alipour Razieh , Fatemi Alimohammad , Alsahebfosul Fereshteh , Andalib Alireza , Pourazar Abbasali 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective

Currently the replacement of fetal calf serum (FCS) by a more suitable alternative is a sought aim in the field of tissue and cell culture research. Autologous plasma (AP) and especially autologous serum (AS) have been shown to be effective substitutes of FCS in culture media for some of cell types. Nevertheless, there is no comparative data on the most appropriate supplement for cell media in neutrophil studies, it is now unclear whether AP have relatively an equal, superior or inferior performance to FCS in neutrophil cell culture. In the present study, human blood neutrophils were isolated and cultured in FCS- or AP-supplemented medium. After 12, 36 and 60 hours of incubation, cell viability, oxidative burst and CD11b expression were determined by flow cytometry.Results

Compared to the culture of neutrophils in FCS 10% medium, the culture of neutrophils in a medium with AP 10% could prolong their life span without affecting their function. The findings introduce AP as a better supplement for human neutrophil cell culture than FCS and propose a simple and economical procedure for neutrophil isolation and culture.
Measles surveillance system Evaluation in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018
Authors: Zena Dereje , Asires kassahun , Genetu Tigist , Asrat Anemaw 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective The main objective of this study is to Evaluate measles surveillance system in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018. Result The weekly reporting rates of the health facilities over the past 52 weeks of 2018 were >80% timeliness and completeness as show below by line graph for health posts. All the weekly surveillance reports were sent to the next level via report format and telephone. Mandura Woreda administration has made major progress in tackling the spread of measles. The overall structural set up of the surveillance system in creation of responsible unit /focal person of Public Health Emergency Management at each district and health facility level is good.
Recurrence after GnRHa treatment vs. observation in women with multiple leiomyomas after myomectomy: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wei Jia , Ma Xiangyi , Wang Wenwen , Zhang Minli , Yu zhiying , Zhang Wei , Hong Li , Li zhiyin , Li Lin , Wang Yan , Feng Yun , Guo Ruixia , Zhang Chunlian , Wang Wuliang , Yue Qingfen , Wang Shixuan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Recurrence of the leiomyoma remains as one of the major concerns of myomectomy in the long-term management, especially for the multiple leiomyomas. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is currently one of the most effective medications to reduce the volume of the fibroids and the uterus. However, its role in preventing recurrence after conservative surgery remains unclear. At present, there is no evidence from randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy between GnRHa and follow-up observation in the recurrence rate of multiple leiomyomas after myomectomy. Methods/design: We are conducting a randomized controlled trial in women aged 18-45 undergoing myomectomy for the multiple leiomyomas. After the surgery, women whose pathological result confirms leiomyoma are randomized into two parallel groups: observation group and GnRHa group. The primary outcome is recurrence of either clinical symptoms or imaging. Discussion: The results of this study will provide evidence for the efficacy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in preventing the recurrence of high-risk leiomyoma after myomectomy.
The Effect of Added Weight on Foot Anthropometry in Pregnant Women and Nulligravida Women
Authors: Harrison Kathryn D , Thomas Krystal , Mancinelli Corrie , Meszaros Petronela , McCrory Jean L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Foot anthropometry is altered by pregnancy. It is unknown if these changes are due to increased bodyweight and/or hormonal concentrations. The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of added weight on foot anthropometry in pregnancy.

Methods

Fifteen primigravid women and 13 nulliparous controls participated. Controls were matched to pregnant women based on self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. After informed consent, data were collected on pregnant participants in each trimester and post-partum. Foot length, width, arch index, arch height index, arch rigidity index, and arch drop were assessed. Subsequently, pregnant participants in their first two trimesters donned a weighted pack such that total weight difference from pre-pregnancy weight was 124N. Foot measurements were repeated. Third trimester participants were only measured without a pack as they were at full-pregnancy weight. In post-partum, bodyweight plus pack-weight equaled third trimester weight. For control participants, bodyweight plus pack-weight equaled third trimester weight of the pregnant participant to whom they were matched. A MANOVA was performed with the independent variables of trimester, weight condition, and leg. Tukey post-hoc analyses were performed when appropriate (α=0.05).

Results

Arch drop increased by 18% (p=0.007) and arch rigidity index decreased by 1% (p=0.001) while weighted across both pregnant and control groups. Increase in foot length and width and decrease in arch height index with added weight was only greater in pregnant participants compared to the control participants (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Adding weight produced changes in arch drop and arch rigidity index. Weight plus pregnancy was related to further alterations in anthropometry. Increased pregnancy hormone concentrations likely affect foot anthropometry in primigravid women.
Normative References and Clinical Correlates of Fetal Umbilical Artery Doppler Indices in Ile-Ife, Southwest, Nigeria.
Authors: Awowole Ibraheem Olayemi , Kuti Oluwafemi , Asaleye Christianah Mopelola , Badejoko Olusegun Olalekan , Bola-Oyebamiji Sekinah Bolanle , Olatunji Richard Busayo , Sowemimo Oluwaseun Oludotun , Ayodele Sidiqat Abiola 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

The unacceptably high stillbirth rate in Nigeria, which results mainly from antepartum fetal death demands evidence-based antenatal interventions. While evidence suggests that fetal surveillance using umbilical artery (UA) Doppler reduces perinatal mortality; normative references of fetal UA Doppler indices are not readily available in Nigeria. This study aims to construct indigenous, gestational age-specific normative references for fetal UA Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistance Index (RI) and Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S:D) of singleton pregnancies in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and correlate this with pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

In a longitudinal study involving 415 women with singleton fetuses between the gestational ages of 26-40weeks at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, fetal umbilical artery PI, RI and S:D were measured four-weekly till delivery. The means and normative centiles (95% range between 2.5th -97.5th) of the indices were determined. Regression equations were generated for the three indices, and Pearson’s correlation was used to establish the relationship with maternal age, parity, gestational age (GA) and birth weight.

Results

The three indices demonstrated significant inverse correlation with GA, such that the RI reduced by 0.013, while the PI and S:D ratio reduced by 0.027 and 0.71 respectively for each additional week of pregnancy. There was a significant negative correlation between the RI (r =-0.207; p = 0.001), PI (r = -0.17; p= 0.01), S:D ratio (r = -0.25; p<0.001) and birth weight, but not with maternal age and parity. The regression equations were RI=1.004-0.013(x), PI=1.78-0.027(x) and S:D=4.77-0.71(x) (where x= GA in weeks).

Conclusion

The fetal umbilical artery Doppler indices decreased progressively with advancing GA. There was a significant reverse-association with birthweight, but not with maternal age or parity. This study has generated, gestational age-specific umbilical artery Doppler normative references ideal for the local population’s antepartum fetal assessment.
Surveillance of animal rabies in Burkina Faso: A retrospective laboratory data from 2008 to 2012
Authors: Germaine MINOUNGO , DAHOUROU Laibané Dieudonné , Madi SAVADOGO , Dieudonné TIALLA , COMBARI Alima Hadjia Banyala , Estelle KANYALA , Lassina OUATTARA , KABORE Sonia Anne , Victorine OUEDRAOGO , Yaya TABOURET , Issa KERE 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Rabies causes more than 59 000 deaths each year worldwide with 95% of cases in Africa and Asia. It is endemic in most of African countries and 99% of human rabies cases are dogs mediated rabies. This study aimed to review data on animal rabies surveillance in Burkina Faso from 2008 to 2012.
Results: From 2008 to 2012, 1579 animal samples were analyzed for rabies confirmation with an average of 315 samples by year. Canine rabies was most suspected with 88.6% of samples. On overall, 79% of samples were positive and the highest positive percentage was on 2012 (90%). Rabies was confirmed from dogs, cats, monkeys, shrews, rodents, horses, donkeys, and sheep but canine rabies was the most prevalent (87.8%). Regarding dogs rabies, positive samples were found among vaccinated dogs and during year 2012, 91.4 % of samples received from vaccinated dogs were positive.
Clinical evaluation of preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion in patients with placenta increta or percreta
Authors: Yang Zhongmei , Mei Jie , Hou Yan , Deng Qinyin , Huang Mengwei , Wu Zhao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Placenta increta or percreta will result in severe postpartum hemorrhage and become a research hotspot in obstetrics. Preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (AABO), as a new intravascular interventional therapy, has taken more and more attention in obstetrics. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abdominal aortic balloon occlusion.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of pregnant women with placenta increta or percreta delivered between January 2013 and April 2019 in the Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital. The experimental group (AABO group) included 168 patients who underwent abdominal aortic balloon occlusion before cesarean section. The control group (NO-AABO group) was composed of 106 patients who underwent surgery without any preoperative intravascular interventional therapy. The parameters containing estimated blood loss, red cell suspension (RCS) transfusion volume, hysterectomy, surgery time, postoperative hospital days, neonatal status and complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

The patients with preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion had significant reduction in blood loss volume, red cell suspension transfusion volume and plasma transfusion volume compared to patients without balloon. Similarly, the surgery time and hysterectomy were obviously reduced in AABO group. However, there were no differences in the Apgar scores and neonatal complications between the two groups, indicating that the abdominal aortic balloon has little adverse effect on the newborns.

Conclusion

AABO is a safe and effective technology for pregnant women with placenta increta or percreta to reduce blood loss volume and blood transfusion volume.
Coyuntura global, crisis de la deuda y cuarto de hora de América Latina
Authors: Herrera Zgaib Miguel Ángel 
Published: August 2019

La economía desde un comienzo fue entendida, primero como reflexión acerca de la organización y reproducción privada de la existencia, después con la creación del saber moderno de la economía política, ésta ubica las reglas del “buen vivir” colectivo en el espacio privado estatal.
La posterior crítica de la disciplina en cabeza de Carlos Marx, expuesta en su monumental obra, El Capital, ajustó cuentas con los aportes de Adam Ferguson, Adam Smith y David Ricardo (Ricardo, D. 1943). Él mostró la condición antagónica, polar entre capital y trabajo, y su necesaria contradictoria coexistencia, alimentada de sangre, sudor y lágrimas.
El siglo XX evidencia una transformación circuntancial en la política y la economía además de surelación con el crecimiento el Estado mismo, su tranformación y consolidación como Estado Máximo o Estado Minimo. El modelo económico jugo un papel importante ya que este determinaba la reducción del Estado a las márgenes del mercado. Para restablecer el reinado de los sponte acta, el espacio extraestatal de los individuos egoístas de la sociedad de ayer y hoy (Sartori: 1984, 219).
Análisis de los procesos de paz en Colombia en los inicios de la década de los noventa. Lecciones de El Salvador
Authors: Narváez Jaimes Ginneth Esmeralda 
Published: August 2019

El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar los procesos de paz que se llevaron a cabo en Colombia en los inicios de la década de los noventa, desde un abordaje que combina un estudio acerca del modelo de guerra de las organizaciones insurgentes, el contexto de las conversaciones y los puntos que se abordaron en lasrespectivas agendas de negociación y retoma las lecciones aprendidas del proceso de paz en El Salvador. El presente artículo se presentó como examen doctoral, en marco de la tesis titulada “Análisis de la ruptura del proceso de negociación entre las FARC-EP y el Gobierno Colombiano, (1999-2002)”, y se fundamenta con los análisis realizados por especialistas en el tema.
Effects of topographic domain and land use on spatial variability of deep soil moisture in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Yu Bowei , Liu Gaohuan , Liu Qingsheng , Huang Chong , Li He 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeep soil moisture is fundamental to hydrological cycle and ecosystem sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. This study examined the combined effects of topographic domain and land use on the spatial variability of deep soil moisture (0–5 m) on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Our results showed that deep soil moisture was generally temporally stable due to the thick loess soil in the plateau region. The depth-averaged soil moisture was slightly lower in the gully domain compared to the hillslope domain but was dependent on the soil depths. Soil moisture variability was clearly larger in the gully domain when compared with that in the hillslope domain in the 0–5 m profile. The mean soil moisture contents in comparable soil depths were lower in forestland than in grassland (and farmland), particularly in the hillslope domain. Land uses had similar vertical distribution characteristics of deep soil moisture for each topographic domain. Soil moisture showed highly significant positive correlations with slope aspect in the hillslope domain and with profile curvature in the gully domain.
Implementing an Extended Kalman Filter for estimating nutrient composition in a sequential batch MBBR pilot plant
Authors: Nair Abhilash M. , Fanta Abaynesh , Haugen Finn Aakre , Ratnaweera Harsha 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Online monitoring of water quality parameters can provide better control over various operations in wastewater treatment plants. However, a lack of physical online sensors, the high price of the available online water-quality analyzers, and the need for regular maintenance and calibration prevent frequent use of online monitoring. Soft-sensors are viable alternatives, with advantages in terms of price and flexibility in operation. As an example, this work presents the development, tuning, implementation, and validation of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) on a grey-box model to estimate the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), soluble phosphates (PO4-P), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) using simple and inexpensive sensors such as pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). The EKF is implemented in a sequential batch moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pilot scale unit used for biological phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. The grey-box model, used for soft sensing, was constructed by fitting the kinetic data from the pilot plant to a reduced order version of ASM2d model. The EKF is successfully validated against the standard laboratory measurements, which confirms its ability to estimate various states during the continuous operation of the pilot plant.
Evaluation of a Distance Education Course Using the 4C‐ID Model for Continuing Endodontics Education
Authors: Kolcu Mukadder İnci Basşer , Öztürkçü Özlem Sürel Karabilgin , Kaki Gülter Devrim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContinuing professional development (CPD) is needed in endodontics, and distance learning environments and courses may be preferable for CPD. Instructional designs (IDs) have been reported to strongly influence the educational effectiveness of these courses. Four Component Instructional Design (4C‐ID) is an ID found to be effective for distance learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a distance learning CPD course on regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) designed with a 4C‐ID model. The study was conducted between April 2017 and March 2018 with volunteers from the 2015‐16 graduates of Selçuk University’s Faculty of Dentistry in Turkey. Pre‐ and posttests and skill assessment guide were used for assessment. To determine the participants’ satisfaction levels, the Satisfaction Scale for e‐Learning Process and an open‐ended question were used. Of the 86 graduates invited to participate, 79.1% (n=68) responded they would; but the investigators limited the participants to 30, and the first 30 volunteers who had identified a need for REPs CPD were accepted to the course. Four (0.13%) had to drop out during the course, so data from the 26 who completed it were evaluated. The findings showed the difference between pre‐ and posttest results was significant (p<0.001). The mean score for psychomotor skills at the end of the course was 99.62±1.96 out of 100. On the satisfaction scale, the mean score for all participants was 138.5 on a scale from 29=lower satisfaction to 145=greater satisfaction with the e‐learning process. At the end of the REPs course, the participants’ knowledge levels had increased, and they were able to apply REP steps on a model. These results suggest the 4C‐ID was effective in this distance education course in REPs.
Perception of the Progressing Digitization and Transformation of the German Health Care System Among Experts and the Public: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Hansen Arne , Herrmann Maximilian , Ehlers Jan P , Mondritzki Thomas , Hensel Kai Oliver , Truebel Hubert , Boehme Philip 
Published: August 2019

Background
Health care systems worldwide are struggling to keep rising costs at bay with only modest outcome improvement among many diseases. Digitization with technologies like Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning algorithms might address this. Although digital technologies have been successfully applied in clinical studies the effect on the overall health care system so far was limited. The regulatory ecosystem or data privacy might be responsible, but other reasons may also predominate.

Objective
We analyzed how the digitization of the German health care market is currently perceived among different stakeholders and investigated reasons for its slow adaption.

Methods
This was a mixed methods study split into a qualitative Part A using the conceptual approach of the Grounded Theory and a quantitative Part B using the Delphi method. For Part A we interviewed experts in the health care system and converted the results into 17 hypotheses. The Delphi method consisted of an online survey which was sent to the participants via email and was available for three months. For the assessment of the 17 hypotheses, the participants were given a six-point Likert scale. The participants were grouped into patients, physicians, and providers of services within the German health care market.

Results
There was a strong alignment of opinions on the hypotheses between experts (N=21) and survey participants (N=733), with 70.5% overall agreement on 12/17 hypotheses. Physicians demonstrated the lowest level of agreement with the expert panel at 88% (15/17) disagreement, with the hypotheses “H8: Digitization in the health care system will free up jobs,” and “H6: Digitization in the health care system will empower the patients,” perceived to be in profound disagreement (P=.036 and P<.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Despite the firm agreement among participants and experts regarding the impact of digitization on the health care system, physicians demonstrated a more negative attitude. We assume that this might be a factor contributing to the slow adoption of digitization in practice. Physicians might be struggling with changing power structures, so future measures to transform the market should involve them to a larger degree.