bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clergy in the early modern Caribbean (ca. 1650–1800)
Authors: Brennan Margaret L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent historical studies of religious life in the early modern Atlantic world have increasingly taken into consideration the slave societies of the Caribbean, a region considered by an earlier generation of scholarship to be overwhelmingly irreligious. New methodological approaches to well‐perused documents have yielded significant insights into the everyday religious experiences of Caribbean inhabitants, notably communities that have often been overlooked for their apparent inability to leave archival traces. Such studies have made important contributions to a broader scholarly conversation about categories of difference in the early modern world, particularly in regard to the momentous change in the era that saw race rather than religion emerge as a primary marker of social identity. A significant portion of the primary source material that historians in this dynamic field have consulted was, unsurprisingly, produced by religious officials like Inquisition officers, episcopal authorities, missionaries (both Protestant and Catholic), ministers, and regular clergy, among others. Because they were historical actors who undoubtedly contributed to this shift and because they also produced documentation relating to it, a comprehensive account of the role of clergy in this era is needed. This article surveys this body of scholarship. It interrogates its approach to religious sources and individual religious leaders and assesses what they have revealed about the spiritual and cultural life of the early modern Caribbean.
Oxidatively stable curcumin‐loaded oleogels structured by β‐sitosterol and lecithin: physical characteristics and release behaviour in vitro
Authors: Li Linlin , Wan Wenbo , Cheng Weiwei , Liu Guoqin , Han Lipeng 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn this study, oleogel structured by β‐sitosterol and lecithin was prepared as a carrier for poorly water‐soluble bioactive compounds, curcumin. The mechanical and microscopic properties of curcumin‐loaded oleogel were determined by texture analyser and polarised light microscopy. The oxidation stability of the delivery system was determined by accelerated oxidation test and the bioaccessibility of curcumin was studied in vitro. The results showed that the existence of curcumin did not affect the mechanical strength and crystalline network of oleogel. The oxidative stability of curcumin‐loaded oleogel was higher than that of curcumin‐free oleogel and corn oil‐curcumin mixtures. It might be attributed to not only the antioxidative property of curcumin but also crystalline network of oleogel which served as an obstructor for the development of oxidation products. Additionally, oleogel enhanced the bioaccessibility of curcumin in fasted state (up to 67.66%). These findings suggest that oleogels can be promising candidates to delivery drugs and nutrients.
A fatty acid synthase gene (FASN3) from the integument tissue of Rhodnius prolixus contributes to cuticle water loss regulation
Authors: Moriconi D. E. , Dulbecco A. B. , Juárez M. P. , Calderón‐Fernández G. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFatty acid synthase is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the formation of fatty acids. Despite the role of fatty acids in cell signalling and energy metabolism, and as precursors to pheromones and hydrocarbons that waterproof the cuticle, the insect fatty acid synthases have been scarcely studied. Here we perform the molecular characterization of three fatty acid synthase genes (fatty acid synthase RPRC000123, RPRC000269 and RPRC002909) in the Chagas disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus. Gene expression screening by reverse transcription quantitative PCR showed that RPRC000123 and RPRC002909 are expressed almost exclusively in the integument tissue whilst RPRC000269 is mostly expressed in the fat body and also in several body organs. Phylogenetic analysis, together with gene expression results, showed that RPRC000269, RPRC002909 and RPRC000123 are orthologues of Drosophila melanogaster fatty acid synthase 1 (FASN1), FASN2 and FASN3 genes, respectively. After RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of RPRC000123, insects died immediately after moulting to the next developmental stage. However, mortality was prevented by placing the insects under saturated humidity conditions, suggesting that dehydration might play a role in the insects’ death. Lipid analyses in RPRC000123‐silenced insects showed reduced amounts of integument fatty acids and methyl‐branched hydrocarbons, compared to controls. These data support an important role for FASN3 in the biosynthesis of the precursors to hydrocarbons that waterproof the insect cuticle.
Remain, Return, or Re‐migrate? The (Im)mobility Trajectory of Mainland Chinese Students after Completing Their Education in the UK
Authors: Tu Mengwei , Nehring Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe migration of Chinese students to the UK has long been the focus of academic and policy‐making attention. However, what happens to their transnational mobility after their education remains understudied. This article unpacks the migration decision‐making process behind graduates' study‐to‐employment transition. We focus on individuals' on‐going reinterpretation of capital convertibility between China and the UK and examine how the meaning of mobility changes in time and in the transnational socio‐economic environment. In so doing, we draw on in‐depth interviews with graduates who have remained in the UK, as well as with returnees. Our findings reveal our participants' periodic uncertainty about professional opportunities and attendant mobility choices in the context of fast‐paced socio‐economic change in China and in the UK. The article thus calls for a more supportive post‐study work policy environment for international students in the UK, especially in the context of uncertainty about Brexit.
The Game of Life soccer program: Effect on skills, physical fitness and mobility in persons with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Barak Sharon , Oz Malca , Dagan Nadav , Hutzler Yeshayahu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSoccer is the world's most popular sport. The present authors evaluated the effect of the Game of Life (GOL) soccer initiative on soccer skills, fitness and mobility of adults with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsThe programme is comprised of once‐weekly sessions. Outcomes: soccer skills, fitness and mobility. Effectiveness was evaluated using within‐/between‐group analyses (e.g. effect size, ES).ResultsFifty adults with intellectual disability and 19 with ASD (age = 31.80 ± 10.11) participated in this study. From pre‐test to post‐test, the intellectual disability group improved their soccer skills (ES = 0.437); physical fitness—the intellectual disability group presented trivial ESs, whereas the ASD group showed moderate‐to‐large ESs; Mobility—only the ASD group presented a significant improvement (ES=−0.435), and the intellectual disability group presented better ability in most outcomes in pre‐ and post‐tests.ConclusionThe findings indicated differences in entry‐level performance and training impact between the two groups. This should be considered when developing training programmes for soccer players.
Comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a large collection of clinical strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans does not identify resistance to amoxicillin
Authors: Jensen Anne B. , Haubek Dorte , Claesson Rolf , Johansson Anders , Nørskov‐Lauritsen Niels 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe present study aims to determine the susceptibility of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to amoxicillin by investigating a large collection of oral strains of diverse geographical origin.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐seven A. actinomycetemcomitans strains were serotyped using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of amoxicillin were determined using the agar dilution method (range 0.25–8.0 mg/L). The plates were spot‐wise inoculated with approximately 104 colony‐forming units, incubated in 5% CO2 at 37 C°, and visually inspected after 24 and 48 hr. A MIC ≤ 2.00 mg/L was categorised as susceptible using EUCAST interpretative criteria for Haemophilus species.ResultsAmoxicillin MIC values varied from 0.25 mg/L to 2.00 mg/L, and all tested strains, including strains previously reported as resistant, were susceptible to amoxicillin. The MIC50 was 1.00 mg/L and the MIC90 was 2.00 mg/L.ConclusionMeticulous investigation of strains including isolates previously reported as resistant could not confirm the emergence of resistance to β‐lactams in A. actinomycetemcomitans. Based on the present in vitro results, amoxicillin can be considered a key oral antimicrobial agent for treatment of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Attitudes and opinions of the abattoir sector toward the control and prevention of microbiological foodborne pathogens
Authors: Wijnen Lena I. , Biasino Wauter , Verbeke Wim , De Zutter Lieven , Seliwiorstow Tomasz , Van Damme Inge 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe abattoir sector plays a crucial role in controlling foodborne hazards, so insight in the incentives that motivate abattoirs to implement control measures is of great relevance to food safety risk managers and policy makers. Therefore, a cross‐sectional telephone survey was conducted to assess the attitudes and opinions of abattoirs in Belgium and the Netherlands toward preventive measures for controlling microbiological pathogens. A total of 80 abattoirs participated, generally they seem to be aware of the most hazardous bacterial pathogens for public health and of their responsibility and potential role to control these hazards. However, significant differences were observed between animal species, company size, and countries.Practical applicationsThe findings of this survey may help to specify and adjust the set‐up and implementation of control strategies and measures to the diverse incentives and opinions of different food business operators.
In Vitro Examination of the Use of Er:YAG Laser to Retrieve Lithium Disilicate Crowns from Titanium Implant Abutments
Authors: Grzech‐Leśniak Kinga , Bencharit Sompop , Dalal Nishchal , Mroczka Krzysztof , Deeb Janina Golob 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeRemoval of cement‐retained implant crowns can be difficult and often requires sectioning of the prosthesis by rotary instruments. This study aimed to measure how much time is required in crown removal and the temperature changes when erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser was used to retrieve lithium disilicate crowns from titanium implant abutments luted with composite resin (CR) cement and resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGI).Materials and MethodsForty identical lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated for prefabricated titanium abutments. CR and RMGI cements were used to lute the crowns, 20 specimens for each cement. Specimens were kept in 100% humidity for 48 hours. Er:YAG laser was then used to facilitate the crown retrieval. The retrieval time was recorded. The temperature changes at the abutment level for each type of cement were recorded during irradiation of 10 specimens for each type of cement from 1 to 10 minutes. Data were analyzed using t‐test (ɑ = 0.01) and paired t‐test (ɑ = 0.05). The surfaces of the crown and the abutment were further examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe average times of crown removal from titanium abutments were 196.5 seconds for CR and 97.5 seconds for RMGI groups with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The temperatures measured from 1 to 10 minutes of irradiation ranged from 18° to 20.8° for CR and 18° to 23° for RMGI at the abutment surface, and 22.1° to 24.6° for CR and 22° to 24.8° for RMGI at the crown surface. No statistical differences were observed between temperature changes at the abutment or the crown for each cement (p = 0.63); however, there was a statistically significant difference between the temperatures at the abutment and crown for both cements (p < 0.001). SEM examination showed no visible damage caused by treatment with Er:YAG laser.ConclusionsIt is faster to remove lithium disilicate crowns from titanium implant abutments when luted with RMGI compared to CR cement. The temperature rise was higher in the crown compared to the abutment. The type of cement had no effects on temperature changes. Heat generated from Er:YAG irradiation does not appear to be high enough to have any adverse effect on implant osseointegration.
Regulation of the Erythrobacter litoralis DSM 8509 general stress response by visible light
Authors: Fiebig Aretha , Varesio Lydia M. , Alejandro Navarreto Xiomarie , Crosson Sean 
Published: May 2019

SummaryExtracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are environmentally responsive transcriptional regulators. In Alphaproteobacteria, σEcfG activates general stress response (GSR) transcription and protects cells from multiple stressors. A phosphorylation‐dependent protein partner switching mechanism, involving HWE/HisKA_2‐family histidine kinases, underlies σEcfG activation. The identity of these sensor kinases and the signals that regulate them remain largely uncharacterized. We have developed the aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotroph (AAP), Erythrobacter litoralis DSM 8509, as a comparative genetic model to investigate GSR. Using this system, we sought to define the role of visible light and a photosensory HWE kinase, LovK, in regulation of GSR transcription. We identified three HWE kinase genes that collectively control GSR: gsrK and lovK are activators, while gsrP is a repressor. In wild‐type cells, GSR transcription is activated in the dark and nearly off in the light, and the opposing activities of gsrK and gsrP are sufficient to modulate GSR transcription in response to illumination. In the absence of gsrK and gsrP, lovK alone is sufficient to activate GSR transcription. lovK is a more robust activator in the dark, and light‐dependent regulation by LovK requires that its N‐terminal LOV domain be photochemically active. Our studies establish a role for visible light and an ensemble of HWE kinases in light‐dependent regulation of GSR transcription in E. litoralis.
Supporting Muslim families before and after a death in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units
Authors: Al Mutair Abbas , Al Ammary Maram , Brooks Laura A. , Bloomer Melissa J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe death of a child is regarded as one of the most devastating events for a family. Families are reliant on nurses to not only provide end‐of‐life care but also to support and care for grieving families in a way that is sensitive to their cultural and religious needs and preferences.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the perceived impact and influence of cultural diversity on how neonatal and paediatric intensive care nurses care for Muslim families before and after the death of infants/children.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study, conducted in Saudi Arabia.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were used to gather data from a convenience sample of registered nurses working in neonatal and paediatric intensive care, with experience in providing end‐of‐life care. Interviews were conducted between July and November, 2018. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed for analysis.ResultsThirteen registered nurses participated; all were born overseas, identified with various faiths and spoke English in the workplace. A respect for diversity and care of the family was prioritized yet impacted by communication challenges. Caring and respect was demonstrated by facilitating important cultural and religious practices important in the Muslim faith. Self‐care was identified as important, transcending the culturally diverse nature of the nursing workforce.ConclusionsSignificant challenges exist for a culturally diverse nursing workforce in providing care to a Saudi Muslim population of infants/children and families, before and after a death. Their overriding commitment to respect for others, and an openness to cultural diversity and difference, aided in overcoming the inherent challenges in providing culturally sensitive end‐of‐life care that meets the needs of Muslim families. These findings provide valuable insights for intensive care clinicians in other countries to address challenges associated with cultural diversity.
Evaluation of a Bi‐Planar Robot Navigation System for Insertion of Cannulated Screws in Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: He Meng , Han Wei , Zhao Chun‐peng , Su Yong‐gang , Zhou Li , Wu Xin‐bao , Wang Jun‐qiang 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the bi‐planar robot navigation system for insertion of cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures.MethodBetween January 2016 and December 2016, 60 patients with femoral neck fractures were separately treated using percutaneous cannulated screws assisted by the bi‐planar robot navigation system (robot group) and conventional freehand surgery (freehand group). The fluoroscopy time, the number of drilling attempts, and the operation time were recorded during operations; the dispersion and parallelism of the cannulated screws on the posteroanterior and lateral images were measured after operations. Patients were followed up for 12–24 months and the Harris scores and the final results of the two groups were compared.ResultsDuring bi‐planar robot navigation system‐assisted surgery, the fluoroscopy time for acquisition of images was 2.3 seconds on average, and the time for planning screws during the operation was 2.8 min on average. The average fluoroscopy time during the placement of the guide pin was 5.7 seconds and 14.14 seconds (P = 0.00), respectively. The average time of the placement of the cannulated screws was 12.7 min and 19.4 min (P = 0.00), respectively, in the robot group and the freehand group. In the robot group, only one guide pin was replaced during the operation, and the average number of adjustments for each guide pin was 2.39 in the freehand group. The screw parallelism and dispersion measured by postoperative imaging in the robot group were significantly superior to those in the freehand group. From postoperative CT it was evident that there were 5 cases of screws exiting the posterior cortex in both groups. During the follow‐up phase, 1 case of femoral head necrosis and 5 cases of femoral neck shortening of more than 10 mm occurred in the robotic navigation group; 3 cases of femoral head necrosis, 1 case of fracture nonunion, and 2 cases of shortening of more than 10 mm occurred in the freehand group. At 18 months after surgery, the average Harris scores of the patients were 85.20 and 83.45, respectively, with no significant difference.ConclusionUsing bi‐planar robot navigation system‐assisted placement of femoral neck cannulated screws can significantly reduce the time of intraoperative fluoroscopy, drilling attempts, and operation time. The placed screws are superior to the screws placed freehand in relation to parallelism and dispersion. However, it is still necessary for surgeons to have a good reduction of the femoral neck fracture before surgery and to be proficient in the operation of the robot navigation system. In summary, the bi‐planar robot navigation system is an effective assistant instrument for surgery.
Acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica due to zinc‐depleted parenteral nutrition
Authors: Wiznia Lauren E. , Bhansali Suneet , Brinster Nooshin , Al‐Qaqaa Yasir M. , Orlow Seth J. , Oza Vikash 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWell‐known causes of zinc deficiency, also referred to as acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE), include defects in intestinal zinc transporters and inadequate intake, but a rare cause of acquired zinc deficiency discussed here is an iatrogenic nutritional deficiency caused by parenteral nutrition administered without trace elements. While zinc‐depleted parenteral nutrition causing dermatosis of acquired zinc deficiency was first reported in the 1990s, it is now again relevant due to a national vitamin and trace element shortage. A high index of suspicion may be necessary to diagnose zinc deficiency, particularly because early clinical findings are nonspecific. We present this case of acquired zinc deficiency in a patient admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for respiratory distress and atypical pneumonia, who subsequently developed a severe bullous eruption due to iatrogenic zinc deficiency but was treated effectively with enteral and parenteral zinc supplementation, allowing for rapid re‐epithelialization of previously denuded skin.
IVC angioplasty using an autologous vascular graft for IVC stenosis due to metallic stent in a pediatric liver transplant
Authors: Kosaka Taiichiro , Eguchi Susumu , Hidaka Masaaki , Adachi Tomohiko , Yoshino Kyouhei , Kanetaka Kengo , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Ito Shinichiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 12‐year‐old girl underwent LDLT using a left lobe graft for hepatic dysfunction associated with citrin deficiency. A continuous anastomosis suture technique was performed between the recipient's IVC and the donor's left hepatic vein. At age 14, the patient developed intractable ascites. Venography of the IVC and hepatic vein showed twisted‐shape stenosis of the hepatic vein‐IVC anastomosis with intravascular pressure gradient, probably due to the enlarged transplanted liver, for which a metallic stent was placed. The ascites disappeared, and the patient was making satisfactory progress eight months after surgery. However, nine months after surgery, the ascites appeared again with edema in the lower extremities. Since the stent that had been inserted was suspected of hampering the outflow of the graft liver and IVC, it was decided to conduct stent removal and IVC angioplasty. After intravascular exploration, the stent was removed. Angioplasty was performed. An autologous vascular graft patch was designed to be wedge‐shaped to fit the incised part of the IVC, and it was sutured with 5‐0 non‐absorbable surgical sutures using a continuous suture technique. No postoperative complications or perioperative graft dysfunction were observed. The ascites decreased markedly, and the edema in the lower extremities disappeared. Thus, we were able to successfully perform IVC angioplasty using an autologous vascular graft patch in a patient who developed IVC stenosis after stenting. This procedure is one of the most effective treatment options, especially for pediatric patients requiring long‐term vascular patency.
Skin‐homing T‐cell responses associated with Demodex infestation and rosacea
Authors: Gazi Umut , Gureser Ayse Semra , Oztekin Aynure , Karasartova Djursun , Kosar‐Acar Nezahat , Derici Mehmet Kursat , Artuz Ferda , Mumcuoglu Kosta Y. , Taylan‐Ozkan Aysegul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsOur aim was to investigate the skin‐homing T‐cell immune responses triggered in patients with Demodex infestation and/or rosacea.MethodsCollected whole blood samples were divided into four groups: control subjects; nonrosacea patients with Demodex infestation (Demodex group); papulopustular rosacea (PPR) patients without Demodex infestation (Rosacea group); and PPR patients with Demodex infestation (Rosacea/Demodex group). Following ex vivo activation, skin‐homing CLA+CD4+ T‐cell subset levels were monitored by flow cytometry.ResultsWhen compared with control subjects, among skin‐homing CD4+ T‐cell subsets analysed, Demodex patients had higher TH9 and Treg cell levels; Rosacea subjects displayed elevated TH1 cell levels; and Rosacea/Demodex patients exhibited increased frequencies of TH9 and TH22 cells. In contrast to Rosacea subjects, Rosacea/Demodex group members displayed higher TH2 cell levels; and when compared with Demodex groups, they had higher TH1 and TH2 but lower Treg cell levels. Demodex group members also exhibited higher Treg but lower TH1 and TH22 levels than Rosacea/Demodex group subjects.ConclusionsThe skin‐homing T‐cell responses associated with Demodex infestation and rosacea formation seem to influence each other. The present as well as future studies could contribute to the development of effective treatment strategies for demodicosis and rosacea.