bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny, classification and biogeography of bombyliine bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae)
Authors: Li Xuankun , Yeates David K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Bombyliinae comprises over 1100 described species in 73 known genera distributed worldwide. It is one of the largest subfamilies of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). We present the first phylogenetic hypothesis for this subfamily, based on 157 adult morphological characters scored for 123 species representing 60 genera, including all the tribes of Bombyliinae, and the related subfamilies Lordotinae and Toxophorinae. Four most parsimonious trees were generated from our analysis under equal weighting schemes. The monophyly of Bombyliinae is supported, and Lordotinae is sister to the Bombyliinae. Within Bombyliinae, Conophorini is sister to the remaining tribes. Five previously recognized tribes are revised and four new tribes are erected. We placed almost all genera in our tribal classification, based on our phylogenetic results and available character evidence. The genus Parabombylius is proposed as a synonym of Bombylius. The Gondwanan origin for the major lineages of Bombyliinae is strongly indicated by our biogeographic analysis which reconstructs ancestral areas.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1EC5C827‐34D5‐4A95‐BA78‐4ACF457F6D40.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Evidence in African Health Care: A Content Analysis With Implications for Action
Authors: Lizarondo Lucylynn , Lockwood Craig , McArthur Alexa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCulture‐ and context‐specific issues in African countries such as those related to language, resources, technology, infrastructure and access to available research may confound evidence implementation efforts. Understanding the factors that support or inhibit the implementation of strategies aimed at improving care and health outcomes specific to their context is important.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine barriers and facilitators to evidence implementation in African healthcare settings, based on implementation projects undertaken as part of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Clinical Fellowship program.MethodsReports of implementation projects conducted in Africa were obtained from the JBI database and printed monographs associated with the fellowship program. A purpose‐built data extraction form was used to collect data from individual reports. Data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsEleven published and nine unpublished implementation reports were reviewed. The most frequently reported barriers to evidence implementation operate at the health organization or health practitioner level. Health organization‐level barriers relate to human resources, material resources and policy issues. Health practitioner‐level barriers relate to practitioners’ knowledge and skills around evidence‐based practice, and attitudes to change. Barriers at the government and consumer levels were uncommon. Only a few facilitators were identified and were related to health practitioners’ attitudes or support from the organization's management.Linking Evidence to ActionThe study identified a core set of barriers and facilitators in African healthcare settings, which are common to other low‐ and middle‐income countries. These can be used to develop a method by which implementation programs can systematically undertake barrier or facilitator analysis. Future research should aim to develop a process by which these barriers and facilitators can be prioritised so that a structured decision support procedure can be established.
Detailed clinical characterisation, unique features and natural history of autosomal recessive RDH12-associated retinal degeneration
Authors: Fahim Abigail T , Bouzia Zaina , Branham Kari H , Kumaran Neruban , Vargas Mauricio E , Feathers Kecia L , Perera N Dayanthi , Young Kelly , Khan Naheed W , Heckenlively John R , Webster Andrew R , Pennesi Mark E , Ali Robin R , Thompson Debra A , Michaelides Michel 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDefects in retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) account for 3.4%–10.5 % of Leber congenital amaurosis and early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD) and are a potential target for gene therapy. Clinical trials in inherited retinal diseases have unique challenges, and natural history studies are critical to successful trial design. The purpose of this study was to characterise the natural history of RDH12-associated retinal degeneration.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed in individuals with retinal degeneration and two likely disease-causing variants in RDH12.Results57 subjects were enrolled from nine countries. 33 subjects had clinical records available from childhood. The data revealed an EOSRD, with average age of onset of 4.1 years. Macular atrophy was a universal clinical finding in all subjects, as young as 2 years of age. Scotopic and photopic electroretinography (ERG) responses were markedly reduced in all subjects, and a non-recordable ERG was documented as young as 1 year of age. Assessment of visual acuity, visual field and optical coherence tomography revealed severe loss of function and structure in the majority of subjects after the age of 10 years. Widefield imaging in 23 subjects revealed a unique, variegated watercolour-like pattern of atrophy in 13 subjects and sparing of the peripapillary area in 18 subjects.ConclusionsThis study includes the largest collection of phenotypic data from children with RDH12-associated EOSRD and provides a comprehensive description of the timeline of vision loss in this severe, early-onset condition. These findings will help identify patients with RDH12-associated retinal degeneration and will inform future design of therapeutic trials.
Designing clinical trials in paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: a PIBDnet commentary
Authors: Turner Dan , Griffiths Anne M , Wilson David , Mould Diane R , Baldassano Robert N , Russell Richard K , Dubinsky Marla , Heyman Melvin B , de Ridder Lissy , Hyams Jeffrey , Martin de Carpi Javier , Conklin Laurie , Faubion William A , Koletzko Sibylle , Bousvaros Athos , Ruemmele Frank M 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionThe optimal trial design for assessing novel therapies in paediatric IBD (PIBD) is a subject of intense ongoing global discussions and debate among the different stakeholders. However, there is a consensus that the current situation in which most medications used in children with IBD are prescribed as off-label without sufficient paediatric data is unacceptable. Shortening the time lag between adult and paediatric approval of drugs is of the upmost importance. In this position paper we aimed to provide guidance from the global clinical research network (Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Network, PIBDnet) for designing clinical trials in PIBD in order to facilitate drug approval for children.MethodsA writing group has been established by PIBDnet and topics were assigned to different members. After an iterative process of revisions among the writing group and one face-to-face meeting, all statements have reached consensus of >80% as defined a priori. Next, all core members of PIBDnet voted on the statements, reaching consensus of >80% on all statements. Comments from the members were incorporated in the text.ResultsThe commentary includes 18 statements for guiding data extrapolation from adults, eligibility criteria to PIBD trials, use of placebo, dosing, endpoints and recommendations for feasible trials. Controversial issues have been highlighted in the text.ConclusionThe viewpoints expressed in this paper could assist planning clinical trials in PIBD which are both of high quality and ethical, while remaining pragmatic.
Polyploidy spectrum: a new marker in HCC classification
Authors: Bou-Nader Myriam , Caruso Stefano , Donne Romain , Celton-Morizur Séverine , Calderaro Julien , Gentric Géraldine , Cadoux Mathilde , L’Hermitte Antoine , Klein Christophe , Guilbert Thomas , Albuquerque Miguel , Couchy Gabrielle , Paradis Valérie , Couty Jean-Pierre , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Desdouets Chantal 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesPolyploidy is a fascinating characteristic of liver parenchyma. Hepatocyte polyploidy depends on the DNA content of each nucleus (nuclear ploidy) and the number of nuclei per cell (cellular ploidy). Which role can be assigned to polyploidy during human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is still an open question. Here, we investigated whether a specific ploidy spectrum is associated with clinical and molecular features of HCC.DesignPloidy spectra were determined on surgically resected tissues from patients with HCC as well as healthy control tissues. To define ploidy profiles, a quantitative and qualitative in situ imaging approach was used on paraffin tissue liver sections.ResultsWe first demonstrated that polyploid hepatocytes are the major components of human liver parenchyma, polyploidy being mainly cellular (binuclear hepatocytes). Across liver lobules, polyploid hepatocytes do not exhibit a specific zonation pattern. During liver tumorigenesis, cellular ploidy is drastically reduced; binuclear polyploid hepatocytes are barely present in HCC tumours. Remarkably, nuclear ploidy is specifically amplified in HCC tumours. In fact, nuclear ploidy is amplified in HCCs harbouring a low degree of differentiation andTP53mutations. Finally, our results demonstrated that highly polyploid tumours are associated with a poor prognosis.ConclusionsOur results underline the importance of quantification of cellular and nuclear ploidy spectra during HCC tumorigenesis.
Admission neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio predicts delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Al-Mufti Fawaz , Amuluru Krishna , Damodara Nitesh , Dodson Vincent , Roh David , Agarwal Sachin , Meyers Philip M , Connolly E Sander , Schmidt Michael J , Claassen Jan , Park Soojin 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has a multifactorial pathophysiology, with immune dysregulation being an important component. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an established prognostic marker in patients with cancer, cardiac disease, and sepsis.ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a relationship between NLR and DCI in patients with aSAH.MethodsWe evaluated 1067 patients with aSAH between 2006 and 2015 enrolled in a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study. Admission white blood cell differentials (NLR) were analyzed using a cut-off point of ≥5.9. DCI from cerebral vasospasm was defined as the occurrence of focal neurological impairment, or a decrease in at least two points on the Glasgow Coma Scale, which was not apparent immediately after aneurysm occlusion, and could not be attributed to other causes. Cerebral infarct was defined as a new infarct on CT that was not visible on the admission or immediate postoperative scan, when the cause was thought to be vasospasm by the research team. Logistic regression models were generated.ResultsWe found that 768 (72%) patients had an admission NLR ≥5.9. In a multivariable model, elevated NLR was associated with poor admission Hunt-Hess grade (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6, p=0.005), Caucasian ethnicity (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.9 to 3.7, p<0.001), anterior aneurysm location (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.4, p=0.004), loss of consciousness at ictus (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0, p=0.055), and thick SAH (modified Fisher grade ≥3) (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.4, p<0.001). Admission NLR predicted development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) (OR=1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5, p=0.008) after controlling for known predictors such as age, poor admission clinical grade, thick SAH blood, and elevated admission mean arterial pressure.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of the association between inflammation and DCI. Admission NLR is a readily available and convenient biomarker that may be a clinically useful tool for prognostication when evaluating aSAH.
Structural, mechanical and thermal properties of Cu2ZnSiS4 with four structures from the first-principle calculations
Authors: Gao Yanli , Dong Yujing 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the structural, mechanical and thermal properties of the four structures of Cu2ZnSiS4 were studied on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) was used to treat the exchange related energy and potential of total energy calculation. The independent elastic constants of the four structures are calculated, which prove that they are mechanically stable. The bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratios and universal anisotropy indices of Cu2ZnSiS4 can be calculated from the obtained elastic constants. In addition, the variation of the bulk modulus with the pressure (0–25 GPa) and temperature (0–700 K) have been reported. In order to further study the compound, the thermal properties of the compound were analyzed by using the quasi-harmonic Debye model, including specific heat, thermal expansion coefficient and Debye temperature.
Electrophoresis deposited halloysite nanotubes as modifying additive for carbon fiber and CFRP
Authors: Yu Tianyu , Chen Zixuan , Park Soo-Jeong , Kim Yun-Hae 
Published: April 2019

Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are widely applied to high-grade, precision and advanced industry fields due to its high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, its poor through-thickness properties is becoming an issue. The objective of this study is to examine electrophoresis deposition (EPD) process of depositing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) onto the carbon fabric surface for enhancing the through-thickness strength. The neutral HNTs were negatively charged and dispersed by adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution and the CFRPs were fabricated using Vacuum-assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VaRTM). The bending strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness were obtained according to ASTM standards. Electronic scanning microscope (SEM) were adopted to do the micromorphology observation.
Mutational Diversity and Therapy Response in Breast Cancer: A Sequencing Analysis in the Neoadjuvant GeparSepto Trial
Authors: Loibl Sibylle , Treue Denise , Budczies Jan , Weber Karsten , Stenzinger Albrecht , Schmitt Wolfgang D. , Weichert Wilko , Jank Paul , Furlanetto Jenny , Klauschen Frederick , Karn Thomas , Pfarr Nicole , von Minckwitz Gunter , Möbs Markus , Jackisch Christian , Sers Christine , Schneeweiss Andreas , Fasching Peter A. , Schem Christian , Hummel Michael , van Mackelenbergh Marion , Nekljudova Valentina , Untch Michael , Denkert Carsten 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurpose:Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be used for comprehensive investigation of molecular events in breast cancer. We evaluated the relevance of genomic alterations for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in the GeparSepto trial.Experimental Design:Eight hundred fifty-one pretherapeutic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) core biopsies from GeparSepto study were sequenced. The panel included 16 genes for mutational (AKT1, BRAF, CDH1, EGFR, ERBB2, ESR1, FBXW7, FGFR2, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, SF3B1, TP53, HNF1A, PIK3CA, and PTEN) and 8 genes for copy-number alteration analysis (CCND1, ERBB2, FGFR1, PAK1, PIK3CA, TOP2A, TP53, and ZNF703).Results:The most common genomic alterations were mutations of TP53 (38.4%) and PIK3CA (21.5%), and 8 different amplifications (TOP2A 34.9%; ERBB2 30.6%; ZNF703 30.1%; TP53 21.9%; PIK3CA 24.1%; CCND1 17.7%; PAK1 14.9%; FGFR 12.6%). All other alterations had a prevalence of less than 5%. The genetic heterogeneity in different breast cancer subtypes [lum/HER2neg vs. HER2pos vs. triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)] was significantly linked to differences in NACT response. A significantly reduced pathologic complete response rate was observed in PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer [PIK3CAmut: 23.0% vs. wild-type (wt) 38.8%, P &lt; 0.0001] in particular in the HER2pos subcohort [multivariate OR = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.24–0.79), P = 0.006]. An increased response to nab-paclitaxel was observed only in PIK3CAwt breast cancer, with univariate significance for the complete cohort (P = 0.009) and the TNBC (P = 0.013) and multivariate significance in the HER2pos subcohort (test for interaction P = 0.0074).Conclusions:High genetic heterogeneity was observed in different breast cancer subtypes. Our study shows that FFPE-based NGS can be used to identify markers of therapy resistance in clinical study cohorts. PIK3CA mutations could be a major mediator of therapy resistance in breast cancer.
Application of Artificial Intelligence for Preoperative Diagnostic and Prognostic Prediction in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Based on Blood Biomarkers
Authors: Kawakami Eiryo , Tabata Junya , Yanaihara Nozomu , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Koseki Keita , Iida Yasushi , Saito Misato , Komazaki Hiromi , Shapiro Jason S. , Goto Chihiro , Akiyama Yuka , Saito Ryosuke , Saito Motoaki , Takano Hirokuni , Yamada Kyosuke , Okamoto Aikou 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
We aimed to develop an ovarian cancer–specific predictive framework for clinical stage, histotype, residual tumor burden, and prognosis using machine learning methods based on multiple biomarkers.

Experimental Design:
Overall, 334 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 101 patients with benign ovarian tumors were randomly assigned to “training” and “test” cohorts. Seven supervised machine learning classifiers, including Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Support Vector Machine, Random Forest (RF), Conditional RF (CRF), Naïve Bayes, Neural Network, and Elastic Net, were used to derive diagnostic and prognostic information from 32 parameters commonly available from pretreatment peripheral blood tests and age.

Results:
Machine learning techniques were superior to conventional regression-based analyses in predicting multiple clinical parameters pertaining to EOC. Ensemble methods combining weak decision trees, such as GBM, RF, and CRF, showed the best performance in EOC prediction. The values for the highest accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC) for segregating EOC from benign ovarian tumors with RF were 92.4% and 0.968, respectively. The highest accuracy and AUC for predicting clinical stages with RF were 69.0% and 0.760, respectively. High-grade serous and mucinous histotypes of EOC could be preoperatively predicted with RF. An ordinal RF classifier could distinguish complete resection from others. Unsupervised clustering analysis identified subgroups among early-stage EOC patients with significantly worse survival.

Conclusions:
Machine learning systems can provide critical diagnostic and prognostic prediction for patients with EOC before initial intervention, and the use of predictive algorithms may facilitate personalized treatment options through pretreatment stratification of patients.
Оптимізація лікувально-профілактичної тактики при рубцевих дефектах внаслідок операцій на молочних залозах
Authors: Savoliuk S. I. , Rybchynskyy H. O. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: удосконалити комплексне лікування пацієнтів з рубцевими дефектами молочних залоз після хірургічних втручань, обґрунтувати диференційований підхід до вибору лікувально-профілактичних заходів залежно від патогенезу утворення рубцевих дефектів та їх морфології.
Матеріали і методи. Вивчали результати лікувально-профілактичних заходів у трьох групах пацієнток: у першій групі (n=40) виконували інфільтрацію рубця розчином кортикостероїду та лідокаїну з використанням силіконового пластиру «Mepiform» (Швеція) та компресійної терапії; у другій групі (n=53) здійснювали хірургічне висічення з наступним введенням дипроспану в підрубцеву зону та накладання силіконового пластиру; у третій групі (контроль, n=45) проводили виключно висічення без профілактики повторного утворення дефектного рубця. За допомогою ультразвукового дермасканування в динаміці досліджувався розмір, об’єм і показники акустичної щільності рубця. Вимірювання акустичної щільності дерми здійснювали в ділянці розміщення рубця, як контроль вимірювали акустичну щільність дерми на здоровій контрлатеральній ділянці шкіри. При рубцях до 2 мм по ширині (ультрасонографічна оцінка) призначали консервативну терапію – пацієнтки першої групи. Контрольні УЗД-дослідження проводились через 1, 3, 9, 12 місяців після зняття швів. Виконували морфологічне та імуногістохімічне дослідження висічених рубців.
Результати досліджень та обговорення. Завдяки поєднаному застосуванню глюкокортикоїдів, компресійної пов’язки та силіконового пластиру у першій дослідній групі досягнуто зниження колагеногенезу, капілярогенезу і, як наслідок, унеможливлення відновлення дефектного рубця. Через 9–12 міс. у 67,5 % утворились нормотрофічні рубці, а у 32,5 % – гіпотрофічні. Натомість у другій дослідній групі келоїдні рубці спостерігались у 28,9 % випадків, гіпертрофічні – у 20 %, гіпотрофічні у 11,1 %, нормотрофічні у 40 %. Отримані дані підтверджують, що хірургічне висічення як додаткова механічна травма не забезпечує ідеального вирішення ліквідації дефектного рубця навіть в поєднанні з профілактичними заходами. Наведений висновок випливає також і з результатів лікування контрольної групи (виключно висічення рубця): келоїдні рубці – у 46,7 %, гіпертрофічні – у 11,1 %, нормотрофічні – у 40 %.
Безпека та ефективність симультанних лапароскопічних втручань при лікуванні жовчнокам’яної хвороби та поєднаної хірургічної патології органів черевної порожнини
Authors: Dziubanovskyi I. Ya. , Halei M. M. , Gashchishyn P. A. , Marchuk I. P. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: дослідити вплив симультанних лапароскопічних операцій на фізичний стан післяопераційного хворого.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі представлено статистичні дані щодо лікування 411 хворих із жовчнокам’яною хворобою (ЖКХ) та супутньою хірургічною патологією. Для оцінки використовували чіткі числові показники: тривалість операції, об’єм крововтрати, рівень глікемії, рівень кортизолу та альдостерону, сатурація кисню крові, рівень гемоглобіну, креатиніну. Оцінку здійснювали за допомогою шкал Lee та ARISCAT. Отримані результати вносили в базу даних Microsoft Office Excel 2010, опис кількісних ознак, на основі критерію Шапіро–Уілка з визначенням середнього арифметинчного (М) і стандартного відхилення (S). Для порівняння груп використовували критерії Манна–Уїтні, або U-критерій. При широкому порівняння використовували метод ANOVA. Критичний рівень значущості р у всіх розрахунках визначено як 0,05.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При обробці даних виявлено збільшення часу операційного втручання. Загалом середній час операції в першій групі складає (42±6) хв, а в другій (51±9) хв. Контроль насичення вуглеводами хворих достатньою мірою допоміг запобігти суб’єктивному дискомфорту, а рівень глікемії лабараторно не відрізнявся і не потребував корекції інсуліном. За критерій розвитку артеріальної гіпотензії прийнято зниження середнього артеріального тиску на 30 % від початкового, або нижче 80 мм рт. ст. у систолічній фазі або девіацією сегмента ST на ЕКГ.