bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying galaxy mergers in observations and simulations with deep learning
Authors: Pearson W. J. , Wang L. , Trayford J. W. , Petrillo C. E. , van der Tak F. F. S. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Mergers are an important aspect of galaxy formation and evolution. With large upcoming surveys, such as Euclid and LSST, accurate techniques that are fast and efficient are needed to identify galaxy mergers for further study.
Aims. We aim to test whether deep learning techniques can be used to reproduce visual classification of observations, physical classification of simulations and highlight any differences between these two classifications. As one of the main difficulties of merger studies is the lack of a truth sample, we can use our method to test biases in visually identified merger catalogues.
Methods. We developed a convolutional neural network architecture and trained it in two ways: one with observations from SDSS and one with simulated galaxies from EAGLE, processed to mimic the SDSS observations. The SDSS images were also classified by the simulation trained network and the EAGLE images classified by the observation trained network.
Results. The observationally trained network achieves an accuracy of 91.5% while the simulation trained network achieves 65.2% on the visually classified SDSS and physically classified EAGLE images respectively. Classifying the SDSS images with the simulation trained network was less successful, only achieving an accuracy of 64.6%, while classifying the EAGLE images with the observation network was very poor, achieving an accuracy of only 53.0% with preferential assignment to the non-merger classification. This suggests that most of the simulated mergers do not have conspicuous merger features and visually identified merger catalogues from observations are incomplete and biased towards certain merger types.
Conclusions. The networks trained and tested with the same data perform the best, with observations performing better than simulations, a result of the observational sample being biased towards conspicuous mergers. Classifying SDSS observations with the simulation trained network has proven to work, providing tantalising prospects for using simulation trained networks for galaxy identification in large surveys.
Modernes Management des Pancoast-Tumors
Authors: Marra Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Pancoast-Tumor (Sulcus-superior-Tumor) ist eine Sonderform des Lungenkarzinoms mit Infiltration der oberen Thoraxapertur, die durch Schulterschmerz und eventuell Horner-Syndrom klinisch auffällig wird. Die häufig verspätete Diagnose und die komplexe Anatomie der Region stellen eine Herausforderung für die Therapeuten dar. Dieser Beitrag schildert, wie moderne Diagnostik und multimodale Behandlung die Prognose der Erkrankung positiv beeinflussen können.
Schmerztherapeutische Aspekte bei Tumoroperationen
Authors: Wirz Stefan , Schenk Michael , Kieselbach Kristin 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungTrotz einer Vielzahl von Therapieoptionen wird die Akutschmerztherapie nach onkologischen Operationen häufig als unzureichend beschrieben. Neben einer unzureichenden Akutschmerztherapie können weitere Faktoren eine Hypersensitivierung und Chronifizierung sowie den Verlauf der Tumorerkrankung beeinflussen. Dieser Beitrag erklärt pathophysiologische Hintergründe und erläutert geeignete Therapiemodalitäten.
Ultrasound Microbubbles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Rix Anne , Curaj Adelina , Liehn Elisa , Kiessling Fabian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUltrasound (US) imaging of heart and major arteries and veins is among the most frequently used diagnostic techniques applied in humans. Conventional cardiovascular US sessions include anatomical B-mode and functional M-, pulsed-wave- and Doppler mode, which have their limitations in both precise cardiac chambers' delineation and small vessel imaging. The introduction of contrast-enhanced US, employing microbubble suspensions as contrast agent, has enabled a better delineation of heart chambers, the visualization of myocardial microvasculature, and the atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization. Moreover, specific disease-related molecular tracers have been developed by modifying the microbubbles with targeting ligands directed to biological markers exposed to the luminal side of the blood vessels. Microbubble functionalization has enabled in vivo molecular US imaging of various stages of atherosclerosis, from plaque initiation to plaque vulnerability, and neointima formation following revascularization procedures. Furthermore, oscillating microbubbles have been used to mechanically dissolve thrombus material and may act as carriers of drugs and nucleic acids that are released locally by US pulses. This review article summarizes recent advances in functional and molecular US images and discusses therapeutic applications of microbubbles. The addressed topics include an overview on microbubble formats, microbubble detection methods, molecular targets of cardiovascular diseases, and the use of microbubbles for thrombolysis and drug delivery.
Evaluation of Preoperative Pain Using PROMIS Pain Interference in Knee Surgery Patients
Authors: Nadarajah Vidushan , Glazier Elizabeth , Miller Kenneth , Jauregui Julio J. , Smuda Michael P. , Bennett Craig H. , Packer Jonathan D. , Henn R. Frank 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven that pain relief is often the primary goal of orthopaedic surgery, an accurate assessment of pain is paramount. The objectives of this cross-sectional analytical study were to (1) compare how the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain interference (PI) computer adaptive test (CT) performs against the Numeric Pain Scale (NPS) measure in evaluating pain, and (2) to determine demographic, clinical, and psychosocial correlates of PI in an urban population undergoing a variety of knee surgeries. We hypothesized that there would be a strong correlation between PI and NPS, with minimal floor and ceiling effects; and that a worse PI score would be associated with a worse general health profile. The sample consisted of 412 patients undergoing knee surgery at an urban academic center. Patients were preoperatively administered measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Bivariate and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to identify significant independent predictors. The mean PI score was 60.3 ± 7.2 and had no floor or ceiling effects, whereas NPS demonstrated a greater percentage of patients scoring at the extremes of the measure. Worse PI scores were associated with older age, higher body mass index (BMI), greater comorbidity, lower income, smoking, female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, unemployment, opioid use, lower expectations, and greater American Society of Anesthesiologists score (p < 0.05). Compared with other procedures, total knee arthroplasty was associated with worse PI scores and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was associated with better PI scores. Furthermore, PI demonstrated significant associations with a wide range of HRQOL measures. After controlling for confounding variables, worse PI was independently associated with older age, lower income, higher BMI, and smoking.
Interpolyelectrolyte complexes: advances and prospects of application
Authors: Izumrudov Vladimir A. , Mussabayeva Binur Kh. , Kassymova Zhanar S. , Klivenko Alexey N. , Orazzhanova Lyazzat K. 
Published: May 2019

Advances in the development of water-soluble nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes, which are characterized by high stability and can be involved in competitive interpolyelectrolyte reactions, are summarized and analyzed. The complexes remain stable over a wide range of external conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature), but show a rapid, reversible and highly sensitive response to environmental changes outside this range by changing the phase state. The review considers methods of preparation and properties of nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes formed by interactions between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. These reagents can be used for controlled modification of various surfaces, the preparation of soluble complexes functionalized by different molecules, the suppression and prevention of protein aggregation. The review briefly summarizes new types of soluble polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte complexes of different nature and with different structures, including biopolymers and dendrimers, suitable for solving problems in medicine and agricultural biotechnology. In order to evaluate the results achieved, there is a need to integrate and analyze the data on interpolyelectrolyte reactions, which are of most interest for a wide range of researchers.
The bibliography includes 118 references.
Suprathermal particles in astrochemistry
Authors: Shematovich Valeriy I. 
Published: May 2019

The kinetic Monte Carlo method, used in astrochemistry to investigate suprathermal (hot) particles at the molecular level, is presented. Different modifications of this method, aimed at studying the influence of suprathermal particles in the processes occurring in gas and dust envelopes surrounding astrophysical objects — prestellar and protostellar cores of molecular clouds, planets, their moons, and comets in the Solar and extrasolar planetary systems — are considered. The important role of the fraction of suprathermal particles in astrochemical applications of this approach is demonstrated. The presence of these particles leads to local changes in the chemical composition; causes non-thermal emissions in gas and dust envelopes; enhances the chemical exchange between the gas and dust fractions of envelope; leads to the formation of extended hot coronae of planets; increases non-thermal atmospheric losses, thus determining the evolution of planetary atmosphere on astronomical time scales; and facilitates the formation of complex molecules in gas and dust envelopes of astrophysical objects.
The bibliography includes 146 references.
Mechanical activation of heterogeneous exothermic reactions in powder mixtures
Authors: Rogachev Alexander S. 
Published: May 2019

The review concerns the results of recent experimental, theoretical and applied studies on mechanical activation of reactive powder compositions and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of materials using activated mixtures. We discuss the influence of activation regimes on the combustion temperature and velocity, self-ignition temperature, activation energy of the reaction, as well as the microstructure and atomic structure of the reactive compositions. Particular attention is paid to revealing structural transformations that lead to an increase in the reactivity of powder mixtures. Examples of practical application of the processes reviewed are presented.
The bibliography includes 229 references.
Culture and persuasive discourse in localized NGO
websites
Authors: Charalampidou Parthena 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Non-governmental organisations set different goals than
for-profit corporations. However, they need to be advertised in order to keep
working. One of the basic means NGOs use in order to attract volunteers and
donators is their website. Although the English language is considered as the
lingua franca of the internet it seems to be inadequate
when a global audience is aimed at. NGOs seem to have realized the need to
communicate with potential donators or volunteers in their native language and
have started providing localized versions of their websites. In this paper we
are going to examine the persuasive discourse adopted by NGOs in their English,
French and Greek website versions. According to Aristotle (Rhetoric, 1356a) (2002) the three persuasive techniques used to
change the audience’s beliefs are (a) pathos, which appeals to
the audience’s emotions, (b) ethos, which establishes the good
“character” and credibility of the author and (c) logos, which
uses logic and evidence to convince the audience. Our aim is to examine both the
use and the multisemiotic realization of the above mentioned techniques in
different cultural contexts. For the needs of our analysis we will adopt
methodological tools from the field of social semiotics (image and text
relation (Barthes 2007) and the grammar of visual design
and of colours (Kress and Van
Leeuwen 1996, 2002).
Translational theories such as Skopos theory (Reiss and Vermeer 1984; Nord 1997) will provide the theoretical framework for
the study of the adaptation techniques and strategies adopted when the Greek
audience is addressed.
Transferring web accessibility through localization and internationalization standards
Authors: Torres del Rey Jesús , Vázquez Lucía Morado 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, translation and localization studies have started to include accessibility, and web accessibility in particular, as one of the key aspects to take into consideration when adapting a web product to another language and culture (web localization). This paper provides a comprehensive insight of the connections between these two fields and concepts and, above all, it discusses the possibility of transferring accessibility throughout the localization process. In particular, we analyze how the use of current localization and internationalization data exchange standards is connected to this notion of transfer, and how those standards may be capable of transferring accessibility qualities or information, or supporting localizers in their task. Finally, we present an analytical and pragmatic approach to explore this transferability challenge, which includes the study of the techniques proposed by the W3C to help web developers fulfil a set of success criteria that are included in the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, in relation to their possible integration in localization and internationalization standards.
Spectral and electrical characterization of an aluminum plasma laser between the flat plates of a capacitor
Authors: Alvarez J , Pacheco P , Sarmiento R 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The spectral and electrical diagnostics of plasmas generated by laser were performed by using the LIBS technique accompanied with simultaneous measurements of the electrical signal in the perturbations of an aluminum plasma laser, submerged in electric fields transverse to the direction of the beam laser produced by a parallel flat plates capacitor. In this paper, we show that temperature and electron density in the formed plasmas are directly proportional to the energy deposited by the beam laser on the sample. Depending on the separation of the plates, the analysis of the electrical signal shows that it decays approximately with the inverse of the squared distance and it also decays with the number of laser pulses for plasmas produced on the same region of the solid sample.
Electrodynamic formulation of special relativity from the first postulate
Authors: Bolívar E , Molina U , Viloria P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This work presents the form that the special theory of relativity takes when only the first postulate and the properties of homogeneity and isotropy of space and time are considered valid. The transformations of Lorentz coordinates are obtained in terms of a universal constant parameter k, developing from these the relativistic kinematics, dynamics and electrodynamics and their respective invariances before these transformations.
What can we learn from consumption-based carbon footprints at different spatial scales? Review of policy implications
Authors: Ottelin Juudit , Ala-Mantila Sanna , Heinonen Jukka , Wiedmann Thomas , Clarke Jack , Junnila Seppo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background: Current climate change mitigation policies, including the Paris Agreement, are based on territorial greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting. This neglects the understanding of GHG emissions embodied in trade. As a solution, consumption-based accounting (CBA) that reveals the lifecycle emissions, including transboundary flows, is gaining support as a complementary information tool. CBA is particularly relevant in cities that tend to outsource a large part of their production-based emissions to their hinterlands. While CBA has so far been used relatively little in practical policymaking, it has been used widely by scientists. Methods and design: The purpose of this systematic review, which covers more than 100 studies, is to reflect the policy implications of consumption-based carbon footprint (CBCF) studies at different spatial scales. The review was conducted by reading through the discussion sections of the reviewed studies and systematically collecting the given policy suggestions for different spatial scales. We used both numerical and qualitative methods to organize and interpret the findings of the review. Review results and discussion: The motivation for the review was to investigate whether the unique consumption perspective of CBA leads to similarly unique policy features. We found that various carbon pricing policies are the most widely supported policy instrument in the relevant literature. However, overall, there is a shortage of discussion on policy instruments, since the policy discussions focus on policy outcomes, such as behavioral change or technological solutions. In addition, some policy recommendations are conflicting. Particularly, urban density and compact city policies are supported by some studies and questioned by others. To clarify the issue, we examined how the results regarding the relationship between urban development and the CBCF vary. The review provides a concise starting point for policymakers and future research by summarizing the timely policy implications.
Contribution of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection to Permanent Hearing Loss in a Highly Seropositive Population: The Brazilian Cytomegalovirus Hearing and Maternal Secondary Infection Study
Authors: Yamamoto Aparecida Y , Anastasio Adriana R T , Massuda Eduardo T , Isaac Myriam L , Manfredi Alessandra K S , Cavalcante Juliana M S , Carnevale-Silva Adriana , Fowler Karen B , Boppana Suresh B , Britt William J , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe exact contribution of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVI) to permanent hearing loss (HL) in highly seropositive populations is unknown. We determined the contribution of cCMVI to HL and estimated the effectiveness of newborn hearing screening (HS) in identifying neonates with CMV-related HL.MethodsA total of 11 900 neonates born from a population with ≥97% maternal seroprevalence were screened for cCMVI and HL. cCMVI was confirmed by detection of CMV-DNA in saliva and urine at age &lt;3 weeks.ResultsOverall, 68 (0.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–0.7) neonates were identified with cCMVI. Of the 91 (0.8%) newborns who failed the HS, 24 (26.4%) were confirmed with HL, including 7 (29.2%; 95% CI, 17.2–59.3) with cCMVI. Another newborn with cCMVI passed the HS but was confirmed with HL at age 21 days. Of the 62 neonates with cCMVI who underwent a complete hearing evaluation, 8 (12.9%; 95% CI, 6.7–23.4) had HL and most (7/8; 87.5%; 95% CI, 46.6–99.7) were identified by HS. The rate of CMV-related HL was 8 per 11 887 neonates (0.7 per 1000 live births). The prevalence ratio of HL among neonates with cCMVI compared to CMV-uninfected neonates was 89.5 (95% CI, 39.7–202.0). No late-onset cCMVI-related HL was detected during a median follow-up of 36 months.ConclusionscCMVI is an important cause of HL in childhood in all settings. Integrating targeted cCMVI screening among neonates who fail a HS could be a reasonable, cost-effective strategy to identify newborns with early-onset cCMVI-related HL.
Communication and (Un)Inspired Terror: Toward a Theory of Phatic Violence
Authors: Szpunar Piotr M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTerrorism has long been theorized as a communicative act. Absent in the array of theories is an adequate consideration of violence committed by third parties (e.g., lone wolves), individuals with no clear link to any group. Often, this complex mediated phenomenon is reduced to the “inspired” reproduction/transmission of a message. For a more nuanced understanding, I develop a theory of phatic violence centered on relation/mediation rather than information/intentionality. The violence of the ambiguous third party, in the first instance, produces a phatic exigency through which bonds might be created or sustained. Any subsequent communion (or its denial) with a group is the result of a mediated ritual process, one that is structured by and regenerates the bonds of antipathy that define the war on terror. Forefronting antipathy in phatic communication enables new understandings of dispersed violence and the horror of the war on terror.
SynMyco transposon: engineering transposon vectors for efficient transformation of minimal genomes
Authors: Montero-Blay Ariadna , Miravet-Verde Samuel , Lluch-Senar Maria , Piñero-Lambea Carlos , Serrano Luis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mycoplasmas are important model organisms for Systems and Synthetic Biology, and are pathogenic to a wide variety of species. Despite their relevance, many of the tools established for genome editing in other microorganisms are not available for Mycoplasmas. The Tn4001 transposon is the reference tool to work with these bacteria, but the transformation efficiencies (TEs) reported for the different species vary substantially. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying these differences in four Mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma agalactiae, Mycoplasma feriruminatoris, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, selected for being representative members of each cluster of the Mycoplasma genus. We found that regulatory regions (RRs) driving the expression of the transposase and the antibiotic resistance marker have a major impact on the TEs. We then designed a synthetic RR termed SynMyco RR to control the expression of the key transposon vector elements. Using this synthetic RR, we were able to increase the TE for M. gallisepticum, M. feriruminatoris and M. agalactiae by 30-, 980- and 1036-fold, respectively. Finally, to illustrate the potential of this new transposon, we performed the first essentiality study in M. agalactiae, basing our study on more than 199,000 genome insertions.
Global Banking, Trade, and the International Transmission of the Great Recession
Authors: Born Alexandra , Enders Zeno 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe employ a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to investigate the transmission of the global financial crisis via the collapse of export demand (trade channel) and through losses on cross-border asset holdings (financial channel). Calibrated to German data, the model predicts the trade channel to be twice as important as the financial channel. In the United Kingdom, the latter dominates due to higher foreign-asset holdings, which, at the same time, serve as an automatic stabiliser in case of plummeting foreign demand. The financial channel leads to much longer-lasting effects. Stricter enforcement of bank capital requirements would have frontloaded the recession.