bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filament Eruption with a Deflection of Nearly 90 Degrees
Authors: Yang Jiayan , Dai Jun , Chen Hechao , Li Haidong , Jiang Yunchun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Using the data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, the Ahead of Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG), and the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraphs, the nearly 90° deflected eruption of a filament and the following coronal mass ejection (CME) occurring on the northern edge of AR 11123 on 2010 November 15 were presented in this paper. The filament was very small with the projected length of about 2.6 × 104 km and centered at about

W

. The potential-field source-surface model identified that the filament was located near the northern flank of a helmet streamer. The filament initially erupted northward to the nearby open fields with speeds from 151 to 336 km s−1, resulting in a B7.6 subflare and some signatures of interchange reconnection. This suggested that the erupting filament interacted with the open fields at first. Then, guided by the highly-inclined open fields, it deflected about 90° southward on the plane of the sky to the magnetic minimum in the streamer configuration. In addition, the CME with the width of 64° and the central position angle of 221° was also deflected obviously in the inner corona to attain its final direction. Because the eruption failed to penetrate the open fields, these results corroborate the idea that open magnetic flux can act as a magnetic wall while a streamer belt can act as a potential well for coronal eruptions in the Sun.
Polarization as a Probe of Thick Dust Disks in Edge-on Galaxies: Application to NGC 891
Authors: Seon Kwang-il 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Radiative transfer models were developed to understand the optical polarizations in edge-on galaxies, which are observed to occur even outside the geometrically thin dust disk, with a scale height of ≈0.2 kpc. In order to reproduce the vertically extended polarization structure, we find that it is essential to include a geometrically thick dust layer in the radiative transfer model, in addition to the commonly known thin dust layer. The models include polarizations due to both dust scattering and dichroic extinction, which are responsible for the observed interstellar polarization in the Milky Way. We also find that the polarization level is enhanced if the clumpiness of the interstellar medium, and the dichroic extinction by vertical magnetic fields in the outer regions of the dust lane are included in the radiative transfer model. The predicted degree of polarization outside the dust lane was found to be consistent with that (ranging from 1% to 4%) observed in NGC 891.
Diffuse X-Ray Emission from the Northern Arc of Loop I Observed with Suzaku
Authors: Akita Masahiro , Kataoka Jun , Arimoto Makoto , Sofue Yoshiaki , Totani Tomonori , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Nakashima Shinya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
After discovery of the Fermi bubbles, giant structures observed from radio to X-ray monitoring have been widely discussed as possible evidence of past activities in the Galactic center (GC). We report here on the analysis of all the Suzaku archival data pointing around the giant-scale Loop I arc. The diffuse X-ray emission from the northern Loop I arc was well represented by the three-component model: (1) an unabsorbed thermal plasma with kT ≃ 0.1 keV either from the local hot bubble (LHB) and/or solar wind charge exchange (SWCX), (2) an absorbed thermal plasma regarded as a contribution from the Loop I and the Galactic halo (GH), and (3) an absorbed power-law component representing the cosmic X-ray background (CXB). The temperature of the absorbed thermal plasma was narrowly clustered in a range of 0.30 ± 0.02 keV along Loop I (“ON” regions), whereas the temperature was a little lower in the cavity adjacent to the bubbles and Loop I (“OFF” regions) with 0.24 ± 0.03 keV. The emission measure (EM) largely varied along the Galactic latitude b, and was well correlated with the count rate variation as measured with the ROSAT all-sky map in 0.75 keV. Although the amount of neutral gas does not provide any useful constraints on the distance to Loop I, the observed EM values clearly reject a hypothesis that the structure is close to the Sun; we argue that Loop I is a distant, kiloparsec structure in the GH. We discuss the origin of apparent mismatch in the morphologies of the Fermi bubbles and the Loop I arc, suggesting a two-step explosion process in the GC.
Hydrogen effect modeling on Ziegler-Natta catalyst and final product properties in propylene polymerization
Authors: Hossain Varshouee Gholam , Heydarinasab Amir , Vaziri Ali , Roozbahani Behrooz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Hydrogen, as chain transfer agent, effects on kinetic of propylene polymerization; consequently variation of hydrogen concentration leads to change final product properties and also activates site of used catalyst. This phenomenon is one of the most important process variables is to adjust the final product properties and optimize the operating conditions. This work has attempted to present a mathematical model that cable to calculate the most important indices of end used product, such as melt flow index, number and weight average molecular weight and poly dispersity index. The model can predict profile polymerization rates determining important kinetic parameters such as the activation energy, lumped deactivation reaction initial reaction rate and deactivation constant. The mathematical model was implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment for slurry polymerization in laboratory scale. The modeling approach is based on polymer moment balance method in the slurry semi-batch reactor. In addition, in this work have provided a model that calculating fraction activated sites catalyst via hydrogen concentration. The model was validated by experimental data from lab scale, reactor. The experimental and model outputs were compared; consequently, the errors were within acceptable range.
KEY WORDS: Mathematical modeling, Propylene polymerization, Kinetics study, Hydrogen response, population balance
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2018, 32(2), 371-386.
DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v32i2.15
“The whole world’s watching”: New Zealand, International Opinion, and the 1981 Springbok Rugby Tour
Authors: McDougall Hamish 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The 1981 South Africa rugby tour of New Zealand brought widespread protest and global attention. It should be understood in an international context. Both anti-tour protestors and the New Zealand government viewed international perceptions of New Zealand as important and interacted with institutions and individuals around the world to influence them. For the New Zealand government, in addition to domestic considerations, relations with Britain were important for trade, geopolitical, and cultural reasons. Protestors drew inspiration from antiapartheid protests in Britain stretching back to the late 1950s, along with activism around Africa and throughout the Western world. The tour also needs to be viewed in the context of the cold war and international trade, which directly influenced British and U. S. policy toward South Africa and had a vicarious effect on New Zealand’s attitude toward South Africa sporting contacts.
“Written barracks.” On the Production and Circulation of Newsletters in the Internment Camps of Southwest France
Authors: Adámez Castro Guadalupe 
Published: July 2018

Around half a million Spanish exiles crossed the French border in the Pyrenees between January and February of 1939. They were looking for shelter in anticipation of the overthrow of the Spanish Second Republic. The reception of the exiles in France was rather hostile, and approximately a quarter of a million of them were locked up in internment or concentration camps that French authorities improvised or reactivated camps of WWI. The exiles were defeated and they were deprived of freedom and forced to live in insalubrious conditions. The refugees used writing and culture as a strategy to resist, and as a means to hang on to their personal, familial, social and ideological identities. As a result of their cultural activity, a wide range of newsletters and diaries were edited in the internment camps despite the scarcity of resources. The refugees used these writings as a means of entertainment but also to spread their own doctrines. This article analyzes some 30 newsletters produced by a variety of groups in the camps: political groups, which were mostly linked to the field of education, different intellectuals and members of the International Brigades. The main goal of this work is to disentangle how the newsletters were produced, discuss the aims of the different publications and show how the texts were circulated and exchanged within the internment camps. Ultimately, the purpose of this work is to demonstrate the meaning of these communications for their authors and their readers and examine how the texts were used to reconstruct their lost identity.
Healthcare, health and inequality in health in the Nordic countries
Authors: Christiansen Terkel , Lauridsen Jørgen Tranberg , Kifmann Mathias , Lyttkens Carl Hampus , Ólafsdóttir Thorhildur , Valtonen Hannu 
Published: July 2018

All five Nordic countries emphasize equal and easy access to healthcare, assuming that increased access to healthcare leads to increased health. It is the purpose of the present study to explore to which extent the populations of these countries have reached good health and a high degree of socio-economic equality in health. Each of the five countries has established extensive public health programmes, although with somewhat different measures to increase health of the populations. We compare these countries to the UK and Germany by using data from the European Social Survey for 2002 and 2012 in addition to OECD statistics for the same years. Health is measured by self-assessed health in five categories, which is transformed to a cardinal scale using Swedish time trade-off (TTO) weights. As socio-economic measures we use household income and length of education. Socio-economic inequality in health is elicited in two ways. First, we show social gradients by comparing the percentage of respondents in the lower income group reporting good or very good health to the corresponding rates in the upper income group. Second, we show concentration indices of socio-economic related inequality in health. Everything else kept equal, good health and the size of the concentration index are negatively associated by definition. In 2012, mean health, based on Swedish weights applied to all countries, is above 0.93 in all the Nordic countries and the UK, but lower in Germany. Each of the Nordic countries have introduced centrally initiated comprehensive public health programmes to increase health and reduce socio-economic inequalities in health. In general, the Nordic countries have achieved good health for their populations as well as a high degree of socioeconomic equality in health. Improvements in life-style related determinants of health are possible, however.Published: Online June 2018. In print January 2019.
Bestioles néfastes, prédateurs supportables et alliés susceptibles
Authors: Beaucage Pierre ,   Taller de Tradición Oral Totamachilis1
Published: July 2018

Cet article décrit et analyse les représentations et pratiques, concernant les « petites bêtes » (okuiltsitsin), du peuple maseual (nahua) de la région de Cuetzalan, dans la Sierra Nororiental de Puebla, au Mexique. Il se fonde sur une vaste enquête de terrain sur les savoirs zoologiques amérindiens, réalisée en collaboration avec le Taller de Tradición Oral Totamachilis. En plus d’être classés selon un critère morphologique qui distingue les insectes, les arachnides et les gastéropodes, les petits êtres sont rangés en fonction de leur proximité avec la société humaine, qui souvent correspond avec les bienfaits matériels et spirituels qu’ils apportent : à un extrême, on trouve la prédation pure, sans contrepartie ; à l’autre, la réciprocité va même jusqu’à un « partage d’essence » avec l’insecte de prédilection, l’abeille autochtone (Scaptotrigona mexicana). Les représentations entomologiques ont largement recours à la métaphore et à la métonymie.
COMP report: CPQR technical quality control guidelines for Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Berndt Anita , van Prooijen Monique , Guillot Mathieu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists (COMP), in close partnership with the Canadian Partnership for Quality Radiotherapy (CPQR), has developed a series of Technical Quality Control (TQC) guidelines for radiation treatment equipment. These guidelines outline the performance objectives that equipment should meet in order to ensure an acceptable level of radiation treatment quality. The TQC guidelines have been rigorously reviewed and field tested in a variety of Canadian radiation treatment facilities. The development process enables rapid review and update to keep the guidelines current with changes in technology (the most updated version of this guideline can be found on the CPQR website). This particular TQC details recommended quality control testing for Gamma Knife radiosurgery.
Simultaneous Suppression of the Dendrite Formation and Shuttle Effect in a Lithium–Sulfur Battery by Bilateral Solid Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Fan Ling , Chen Suhua , Zhu Jingyi , Ma Ruifang , Li Shuping , Podila Ramakrishna , Rao Apparao M. , Yang Gongzheng , Wang Chengxin , Liu Qian , Xu Zhi , Yuan Lixia , Huang Yunhui , Lu Bingan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough the reversible and inexpensive energy storage characteristics of the lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) battery have made it a promising candidate for electrical energy storage, the dendrite growth (anode) and shuttle effect (cathode) hinder its practical application. Here, it is shown that new electrolytes for Li‐S batteries promote the simultaneous formation of bilateral solid electrolyte interfaces on the sulfur‐host cathode and lithium anode, thus effectively suppressing the shuttle effect and dendrite growth. These high‐capacity Li‐S batteries with new electrolytes exhibit a long‐term cycling stability, ultrafast‐charge/slow‐discharge rates, super‐low self‐discharge performance, and a capacity retention of 94.9% even after a 130 d long storage. Importantly, the long cycle stability of these industrial grade high‐capacity Li‐S pouch cells with new electrolytes will provide the basis for creating robust energy dense Li‐S batteries with an extensive life cycle.
Chinese expert consensus on the application of comprehensive geriatric assessment for the elderly
Authors: Chen Xujiao , Yan Jing , Wang Jianye , Yu Pulin ,   Geriatric, Gerontology Branch of Chinese Medicine Association
Published: July 2018

AbstractComprehensive geriatric assessment is the major approach in screening geriatric syndrome. The aim of this expert consensus is to supply standard operating procedures for clinical practice of comprehensive geriatric assessment in China.
Management of anemia in patients who decline blood transfusion
Authors: Shander Aryeh , Goodnough Lawrence Tim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeclining a treatment modality should not be considered the same as refusal of medical care as illustrated by the management of Jehovah's Witness patients who do not accept transfusions. Over the years, a comprehensive set of strategies have been developed to meet the specific needs of these patients and these strategies are collectively called “Bloodless Medicine and Surgery” (BMS). The focus in BMS is to optimize the patients' hematopoietic capacity to increase hemoglobin (Hgb) level, minimize blood loss, improve hemostasis, and provide supportive strategies to minimize oxygen consumption and maximize oxygen utilization. We present 3 case reports that illustrate some of the challenges faced and measures available to effectively treat these patients. Under BMS programs, patients with extremely low hemoglobin levels, not conducive to survival under ordinary conditions, have survived and recovered without receiving allogeneic transfusions. Additionally, the valuable experience gained from caring for these patients has paved the way to develop the concept of Patient Blood Management as a standard care to benefit all patients, and not only those for whom blood is not an option.
Anthracene‐Fused Dibenzo[def,mno]chrysenes with a Helical Structure
Authors: Wang Qing , Lim Gabriel , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Han Yi , Chi Chunyan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractScholl‐type oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reactions were conducted for an anthryl‐substituted dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene (DBC) precursor with the intention to prepare anthracene‐fused DBCs with extended conjugation. The compound ADBC‐1 with one cyclized ring and its two chloro‐ and oxy‐ derivatives (ADBC‐Cl and ADBC‐O) with good stability were successfully isolated and characterized. They showed largely red‐shifted absorption spectra and amphoteric redox behavior. XRD analysis revealed that they can be regarded as large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing [5]helicene substructures with large twist angles of 67.8°–73.7° owing to steric congestion. Further cyclization to form newer C−C bonds failed, which can be explained by an open‐shell diradical character and high HOMO energy levels of the products according to spin‐unrestricted DFT calculations.
Bis‐isoindigos: New Electron‐Deficient Building Blocks for Constructing Conjugated Polymers with Extended Electron Delocalization
Authors: Luo Xuyi , Tran Dung T. , Sun Hong , Mi Tianxiong , Kadlubowski Natalie M. , Zhao Yan , Zhao Kejie , Mei Jianguo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIncorporation of acceptor‐acceptor (A‐A) type moieties into donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type conjugated polymers becomes a new strategy to tune their electronic properties. In this work, we first demonstrate an efficient convergent route to prepare isoindigo‐based A‐A type building blocks ‐ bis‐isoindigos ‐ via the palladium‐catalyzed oxidative coupling. Bis‐isoindigo‐based polymers show high planarity and delocalized frontier molecular orbitals with lowered LUMO and intact HOMO energy levels, in comparison with their corresponding mono‐isoindigo counterparts. Moreover, fluorine substitution on donors only lowers HOMO levels of Bis‐IID polymers. This study asserts that the D‐A‐A strategy is effective in selectively tuning FMO energy levels of conjugated polymers, complementary to the D‐D‐A approach for the HOMO energy level tuning.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation with Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xu Liang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed facile N‐arylation of 2‐acyl substituted anilines has been disclosed. Through chelation assistance of the weakly coordinating carbonyl groups, the Chan−Evans−Lam (CEL) C−N cross‐coupling reactions proceeded at room temperature in open flasks. Furthermore, such chelation effects also enabled the direct utilization of aryl boronic acid pinacol esters in Cu‐catalyzed CEL reactions under mild conditions.
Magnesium Tetra(phenylethynyl)porphyrin: Stepwise Synthetic Route, Crystal Structures, and Longer Singlet Excited‐State Lifetime than Zinc Congener
Authors: Nakagawa Takafumi , Wang Huan , Zieleniewska Anna , Okada Hiroshi , Aoyagi Shinobu , Guldi Dirk M. , Matsuo Yutaka 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMagnesium tetra(arylethynyl)porphyrins (aryl=Ph or 4‐CF3C6H4) were synthesized via 5,15‐di(triisopropylsilylethynyl)‐10,20‐di(arylethynyl)porphyrin to ensure good solubility and high synthetic yields. Magnesium tetra(phenylethynyl)porphyrin was subjected to structural analyses and physico‐chemical characterization. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed porous crystal structures featuring solvent molecules in their pores. From femtosecond transient absorption measurements we concluded that the singlet excited‐state lifetime of magnesium tetra(phenylethynyl)porphyrin is with 7.4 ns substantially longer than that of its zinc congener with 2.8 ns; this is attributed to the lower atomic weight of magnesium compared with zinc.
GISToscopy
Authors: Zimmer Vincent , Lammert Frank 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) tumors are a rare, though typical cause for upper GI bleeding. Excavated ulcerated lesions are common; however, a clear‐cut visualization of the tumor surface (“GISToscopy”) itself has not yet been reported. In line, careful biopsy taking streamlines the diagnostic work‐up by providing pathologic diagnosis.
Young man with acute pain in the hypogastrium: What is the diagnostic?
Authors: Jabbour Youness , Regragui Souhail 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageCongenital renal anomalies can stay asymptomatic even until adult age and be revealed by occurrence of complications. Clinicians should keep in mind this eventuality, especially in the countries where screening for congenital abnormalities is not adopted. Ultrasound in front of abdominal pain is useful and can sometimes rectify the diagnosis.
Diode laser treatment of venous lake of the lip
Authors: Capodiferro Saverio , Limongelli Luisa , Tempesta Angela , Maiorano Eugenio , Favia Gianfranco 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe diode laser promotes regression of the small venous lake of the lip by forced dehydration with induced photocoagulation of the lesions, with an uneventful postoperative course and anesthetic sequelae.
Flow Photochemistry of Azosulfones: Application of “Sunflow” Reactors
Authors: da Silva Júnior Paulo Eliandro , Amin Hawraz I. M. , Nauth Alexander M. , da Silva Emery Flavio , Protti Stefano , Opatz Till 
Published: July 2018

AbstractArylazo sulfones have been established as photoactive precursors in visible‐light photoreactions without any additional catalysts. The arylation of various (hetero) aromatic substrates and isonitriles was carried in a simple solar microcapillary reactor in three different geographical locations (Germany, Italy and Brazil). High conversion of the starting substrates as well as short reaction times were observed.
Fire rather than nitrogen addition affects understory plant communities in the short term in a coniferous‐broadleaf mixed forest
Authors: Hu Mengjun , Liu Yanchun , Sun Zhaolin , Zhang Kesheng , Liu Yinzhan , Miao Renhui , Wan Shiqiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIncreasing fire risk and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition have the potential to alter plant community structure and composition, with consequent impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. This study was conducted to examine short‐term responses of understory plant community to burning and N addition in a coniferous‐broadleaved mixed forest of the subtropical‐temperate transition zone in Central China. The experiment used a pair‐nested design, with four treatments (control, burning, N addition, and burning plus N addition) and five replicates. Species richness, cover, and density of woody and herbaceous plants were monitored for 3 years after a low‐severity fire in the spring of 2014. Burning, but not N addition, significantly stimulated the cover (+15.2%, absolute change) and density (+62.8%) of woody species as well as herb richness (+1.2 species/m2, absolute change), cover (+25.5%, absolute change), and density (+602.4%) across the seven sampling dates from June 2014 to October 2016. Light availability, soil temperature, and prefire community composition could be primarily responsible for the understory community recovery after the low‐severity fire. The observations suggest that light availability and soil temperature are more important than nutrients in structuring understory plant community in the mixed forest of the subtropical‐temperate transition zone in Central China. Legacy woody and herb species dominated the understory vegetation over the 3 years after fire, indicating strong resistance and resilience of forest understory plant community and biodiversity to abrupt environmental perturbation.