bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoidance response to CO2 in the lateral horn
Authors: Varela Nélia , Gaspar Miguel , Dias Sophie , Vasconcelos Maria Luísa 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIn flies, the olfactory information is carried from the first relay in the brain, the antennal lobe, to the mushroom body (MB) and the lateral horn (LH). Olfactory associations are formed in the MB. The LH was ascribed a role in innate responses based on the stereotyped connectivity with the antennal lobe, stereotyped physiological responses to odors and MB silencing experiments. Direct evidence for the functional role of the LH is still missing. Here we investigate the behavioral role of the LH neurons directly, using the CO2 response as a paradigm. Our results show the involvement of the LH in innate responses. Specifically, we demonstrate that activity in two sets of neurons is required for the full behavioral response to CO2. Using calcium imaging we observe that the two sets of neurons respond to CO2 in different manners. Using independent manipulation and recording of the two sets of neurons we find that the one that projects to the SIP also outputs to the local neurons within the LH. The design of simultaneous output at the LH and the SIP, an output of the MB, allows for coordination between innate and learned responses.
Injury-induced cold sensitization inDrosophilalarvae involves behavioral shifts that require the TRP channels Pkd2 and Brv1
Authors: Turner Heather N. , Patel Atit A. , Cox Daniel N. , Galko Michael J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNociceptive sensitization involves an increase in responsiveness of pain sensing neurons to sensory stimuli, typically through the lowering of their nociceptive threshold. Nociceptive sensitization is common following tissue damage, inflammation, and disease and serves to protect the affected area while it heals. Organisms can become sensitized to a range of noxious and innocuous stimuli, including thermal stimuli. The basic mechanisms underlying sensitization to warm or painfully hot stimuli have begun to be elucidated, however, sensitization to cold is not well understood. Here, we develop aDrosophilaassay to study cold sensitization after UV-induced epidermal damage in larvae. Larvae respond to acute cold stimuli with a set of unique behaviors that include a contraction of the head and tail (CT) or a raising of the head and tail into a U-Shape (US). Under baseline, non-injured conditions larvae primarily produce a CT response to an acute cold (10 °C) stimulus, however, we show that cold-evoked responses shift following tissue damage: CT responses decrease, US responses increase and some larvae exhibit a lateral body roll (BR) that is typically only observed in response to high temperature and noxious mechanical stimuli. At the cellular level, class III neurons are required for the decrease in CT, chordotonal neurons are required for the increase in US, and chordotonal and class IV neurons are required for the appearance of BR responses after UV. At the molecular level, we found that the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels Polycystic kidney disease gene 2 (Pkd2) andbrivido-1(brv1) are required for these behavioral shifts. OurDrosophilamodel will enable a sophisticated molecular genetic dissection of genes and circuits involved in cold nociceptive sensitization.
Mobilization of Pack-CACTA transposons in Arabidopsis reveals the mechanism of gene shuffling
Authors: Catoni Marco , Jonesman Thomas , Cerruti Elisa , Paszkowski Jerzy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPack-TYPE transposons are a unique class of potentially mobile non-autonomous elements that can capture, merge and relocate fragments of chromosomal DNA. It has been postulated that their activity accelerates the evolution of host genes. However, this important presumption is based only on the sequences of currently inactive Pack-TYPE transposons and the acquisition of chromosomal DNA has not been recorded in real time. We have now for the first time witnessed the mobilization of novel Pack-TYPE elements related to the CACTA transposon family over several plant generations. Remarkably, these elements tend to insert into genes as closely spaced direct repeats and they frequently undergo incomplete excisions, resulting in the deletion of one of the end sequences. These properties constitute a mechanism of efficient acquisition of genic DNA residing between neighbouring Pack-TYPE transposons and its subsequent mobilization. Our work documents crucial steps in the formationin vivoof novel Pack-TYPE transposons and thus the mechanism of gene shuffling mediated by this type of mobile element.
Isolating mitotic and meiotic germ cells from male mice by developmental synchronization, staging, and sorting
Authors: Romer Katherine A. , de Rooij Dirk G. , Page David C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIsolating discrete populations of germ cells from the mouse testis is challenging, because the adult testis contains germ cells at every step of spermatogenesis, in addition to somatic cells. We present a novel method for isolating precise, high-purity populations of male germ cells. We first synchronize germ cell development in vivo by manipulating retinoic acid metabolism, and perform histological staging to verify synchronization. We use fluorescence-activated cell sorting to separate the synchronized differentiating germ cells from contaminating somatic and germline stem cells. We achieve ∼90% purity at each step of development from the germline stem cell pool through late meiotic prophase. Utilizing this “3S” method (synchronize, stage, and sort), we can separate germ cell types that were previously challenging or impossible to distinguish, with sufficient yield for epigenetic and biochemical studies. The 3S method should enable detailed characterization of molecular changes that occur during the mitotic and meiotic phases of spermatogenesis.
Fbxw7 is a critical regulator of Schwann cell myelinating potential
Authors: Harty Breanne L. , Coelho Fernanda , Ackerman Sarah D. , Herbert Amy L. , Lyons David A. , Monk Kelly R. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYMyelin insulates and protects axons in vertebrate nervous systems. In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes (OLs) make numerous myelin sheaths on multiple axons, whereas in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelinating Schwann cells (SCs) make just one myelin sheath on a single axon. Why the myelinating potentials of OLs and SCs are so fundamentally different is unclear. Here, we find that loss of Fbxw7, an E3 ubiquitin ligase component, enhances the myelinating potential of SCs. Fbxw7 mutant SCs are seen myelinating multiple axons in a fashion reminiscent of OLs as well as aberrantly myelinating large axons while simultaneously ensheathing small unmyelinated axons - typically distinct roles of myelinating SCs and non-myelinating Remak SCs, respectively. We found that several of the Fbxw7 mutant phenotypes, including the ability to generate thicker myelin sheaths, were due to dysregulation of mTOR. However, the remarkable ability of mutant SCs to either myelinate multiple axons or myelinate some axons while simultaneously encompassing other unmyelinated axons is independent of mTOR signaling. This indicates distinct roles for Fbxw7 in regulating multiple aspects of SC behavior and that novel Fbxw7-regulated mechanisms control modes of myelination previously thought to fundamentally distinguish myelinating SCs from non-myelinating SCs and OLs. Our data reveal unexpected plasticity in the myelinating potential of SCs, which may have important implications for our understanding of both PNS and CNS myelination and myelin repair.
Prokaryotic Diversity from Extreme Environments of Pakistan and its Potential Applications at Regional Levels
Authors: Khan Raees , Khan Muhammad Israr , Zeb Amir , Roy Nazish , Yasir Muhammad , Khan Imran , Qazi Javed Iqbal , Ahmad Shabir , Ullah Riaz , Bhutto Zuhaibuddin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExtremophiles, the microorganisms thriving in extreme environments, provide valuable resources for practicing novel biotechnological processes. Pakistan homes a wide spectrum of extreme environments which harbor various biotechnologically significant microorganisms. This review gauges the structural and functional bacterial diversity of several extreme environments, emphasizing their potentials as a source of extremozymes, and in bioleaching, bioremediation, and bioenergy production at regional level. Further, this review highlights a panoramic account of the local natural conservatories of extremophiles. The inadequacies of current fragmental research are discussed with suggestions to quantitatively define the structural and functional diversity of unexplored extreme localities.
Intergenerational effects of dietary restriction on insulin/IGF signaling and reproductive development
Authors: Jordan James M. , Hibshman Jonathan D. , Kaplan Rebecca E. W. , Webster Amy K. , Leinroth Abigail , Guzman Ryan , Maxwell Colin S. , Bowman Elizabeth Anne , Jane Albert Hubbard E. , Ryan Baugh L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe roundwormC. eleganstransiently arrests larval development to survive extended starvation (1), but such early-life starvation reduces reproductive success (2, 3). Maternal dietary restriction (DR) buffers progeny from starvation, increasing reproductive success (4). It is unknown why early-life starvation decreases reproductive success and how maternal diet modifies this process. We show here that extended starvation in first-stage (L1) larvae followed by unrestricted feeding results in a variety of abnormalities in the reproductive system, includingglp-1/Notch-sensitive germ-cell tumors and uterine masses that express neuronal and epidermal markers. We found that maternal DR reduces the penetrance of starvation-induced abnormalities, including tumors. Furthermore, we show that maternal DR reduces insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) in progeny, and thatdaf-16/FoxO andskn-1/Nrf, transcriptional effectors of IIS, are required in progeny for maternal DR to suppress abnormalities.daf-16/FoxO activity in somatic tissues is sufficient to suppress starvation-induced abnormalities, suggesting cell-nonautonomous regulation of reproductive system development. This work reveals complex inter- and intra-generational effects of nutrient availability mediated by IIS with consequences on developmental integrity and reproductive success.One Sentence SummaryIntergenerational effects of diet on IIS
Regulation of histone methylation by automethylation of PRC2
Authors: Wang Xueyin , Long Yicheng , Paucek Richard D. , Gooding Anne R. , Lee Thomas , Cech Thomas R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPolycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a histone methyltransferase whose function is critical for regulating transcriptional repression in many eukaryotes including humans. Its catalytic moiety EZH2 is responsible for the tri-methylation of H3K27 and also undergoes automethylation. Using mass spectroscopic analysis of recombinant human PRC2, we identified three methylated lysine residues (K510, K514, K515) on a disordered but highly conserved loop of EZH2. These lysines were mostly mono- and di-methylated. Either mutation of these lysines or their methylation increases PRC2 histone methyltransferase activity. In addition, mutation of these three lysines in HEK293T cells using CRISPR genome-editing increases global H3K27 methylation levels. EZH2 automethylation occurs intramolecularly (in cis) by methylation of a pseudosubstrate sequence on the flexible loop. This post-translational modification andcis-regulation of PRC2 are analogous to the activation of many protein kinases by autophosphorylation. We therefore propose that EZH2 automethylation provides a way for PRC2 to modulate its histone methyltransferase activity by sensing histone H3 tails, SAM concentration, and perhaps other effectors.
The effect of cortical elasticity and active tension on cell adhesion mechanics
Authors: Smeets B. , Cuvelier M. , Pešek J. , Ramon H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe consider a cell as a filled, elastic shell with an active surface tension and non-specific adhesion. We perform numerical simulations of this model in order to study the mechanics of cell-cell separation. By variation of parameters, we are able to recover well-known limits of JKR, DMT, adhesive vesicles with surface tension (BWdG) and thin elastic shells. We further locate biological cells on this parameter space by comparing to existing experiments on S180 cells. Using this model, we show that mechanical parameters can be obtained that are consistent with both Dual Pipette Aspiration (DPA) and Micropipette Aspiration (MA), a problem not successfully tackled so far. We estimate a cortex elastic modulus of Ec ≈ 15 kPa, an effective cortex thickness of tc ≈ 0.3 µm and an active tension of γ ≈ 0.4 nN/µm. With these parameters, a JKR-like scaling of the separation force is recovered. Finally, the change of contact radius with applied force in a pull-off experiment was investigated. For small forces, a scaling similar to both BWdG and DMT is found.Manuscript submitted to Biophysical Journal.
Role of public policies in promoting CSR: empirical evidence from business and civil society of UAE
Authors: Almatrooshi Saeed , Hussain Matloub , Ajmal Mian , Tehsin Muhammad 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the intermediary roles that public policies play in stimulating government agencies, businesses and civil society to engage in a corporate social responsibility (CSR) agenda.

Design/methodology/approach
Issues related to decision-making of public policies are increasingly complex. Therefore, analytical hierarchy process has been used to prioritize public policy practices for CSR in the UAE. Data were collected from experts working in businesses and civil society organizations.

Findings
Findings suggest that businesses and the civil society confirm the importance of standardization and law enforcement public policy practices in issues related to CSR in developing countries. The endorsing style of public policies was the least important approach to encouraging CSR implementation in the UAE.

Research limitations/implications
Results are derived from a limited amount of empirical data only in one country; therefore, these cannot be generalized. Future research from other countries is needed.

Practical implications
Outcomes from this study will help the government enhance its role as mediator among all agents and help with designing public policies that encourage adoption of CSR by business firms while maintaining competitiveness in the economy.

Originality/value
A framework consisting of five public policy categories – mandating, facilitating, partnering, endorsing and empowering roles – and 29 sub-policy practices is introduced. This study provides an important technique for analyzing the importance of public policies in promoting CSR. It offers insights into a population that shapes a CSR agenda.
User experience in personalized online shopping: a fuzzy-set analysis
Authors: Pappas Ilias O. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
In the complex environments of online personalization, multiple factors have been considered to explain consumers’ online behaviour, but largely without considering the role of specific configurations of variables and how they may affect consumer behaviour. This study aims to show how trust towards online vendors, privacy, emotions and experience combine to predict consumers’ purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
Building on complexity theory, a conceptual model followed by research propositions is presented. The propositions are empirically validated through configurational analysis, using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on 182 customers with experience in personalized online shopping. Predictive validity analysis is also performed.

Findings
Five solutions of trust, privacy, emotions and experience increase intention to purchase, and six solutions inhibit it. The findings verify the importance of trust and happiness in successful personalized online shopping. Their absence inhibits purchase intentions. Also, high experience may help to overcome low trust or negative emotions, whereas low experience requires the combination of high trust and happiness. None of the examined factors are indispensable to explain purchase intentions.

Research limitations/implications
The study uses fsQCA, differentiating from traditional studies in the area that use variance-based methods and identifies multiple solutions explaining the same outcome. The proposed approach contributes to theory development in the field.

Practical implications
The multiple solutions lead to new ways on how companies may approach their customers, as each one covers a specific part of the sample, adding to the fact that in personalized marketing there is not one single optimal solution explaining customer purchase intentions.

Originality/value
This study contributes by extending existing knowledge on how trust, privacy, emotions and experience combine to increase or mitigate intention to purchase towards the development of new emotion-centric theories and the design and provision of personalized services and presenting a step-by-step methodological approach for how to apply fsQCA in e-commerce studies.
A resilience model for cold chain logistics of perishable products
Authors: Ali Imran , Nagalingam Sev , Gurd Bruce 
Published: June 2018

PurposeMost of the extant literature on resilience builds on normative, conceptual or silo approaches, thereby lacking an integrative approach to cold chain logistics risks (CCLRs) and resilience. The purpose of this paper is to bridge the current research gap by developing a model, based on broad empirical evidence, of the interplay between CCLRs, resilience and firm performance (FP) in perishable product supply chains (PPSCs).Design/methodology/approachA mixed method approach is used with qualitative data from interviews and quantitative data from a survey across the supply chain. The analysis is framed by contingency theory and resource-based theory.FindingsFour significant sources of CCLRs and six resources used to build resilience are identified. Then, supply chain resilience (SCR) as a moderator of the negative relationship between CCLRs and FP is corroborated.Practical implicationsThe findings will help improve managerial understandings of critical sources of risks in cold chain logistics and resources indispensable to build resilience. The scope of the research is cold chain logistics for PPSCs, which has relevance to other cold supply chains as well.Originality/valueWhile some theoretical frameworks suggest resilience being a moderator in the negative relationship between cold chain risks and a firm’s performance, this study empirically tests this relationship using the survey across the entire supply chain. A new empirically and theoretically driven definition of SCR is also developed.
Heritage narratives in the digital era
Authors: Martin Marcella , Vacca Federica 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
By considering the role of technology in museum archives and exhibitions, as well as company archives and production, this paper aims to present that digital technologies offer new approaches and tools to consider fashion know-how, traditions and memories.

Design/methodology/approach
Through an extensive literature review and a close consideration of multiple sources, this paper analyzes fashion, tradition and knowledge creation through the lens of museum and company archives. A section on museum archives analyzes the role of fashion in the museum and the use of technology in cataloging, online resources and exhibitions for knowledge transfer of fashion history. The second half of the paper considers the relationship between heritage, company archives and technology in branding and consumer engagement.

Findings
The paper summarizes recent scholarship in the fields of fashion archives and demonstrates the still current importance of heritage in generating new design and exhibition practices. Despite having its roots in the past, heritage demonstrates continuity with the present and looks to the future with the same devotion and commitment, thus guaranteeing quality and authenticity for both museum collections and company productions.

Originality/value
Through a case study methodology, this paper presents how digital technologies can offer new approaches and tools in museum archives and exhibitions, as well as in company archives and collection development, to reconsider and translate fashion know-how, traditions and memories in the digital era.
ParticipationPlus
Authors: Haeusler M. Hank , Hespanhol Luke , Hoggenmueller Marius 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore through a project the feasibility of testing Carpo’s preposition of the second digital turn. It further argues that if media architecture could progress into a new digital design that makes use of large amount of data, the ability of computers to filter through these data and the computers capacity to generate a physical output based on data enabled through a “digital trial and error” process and “age-old problem” in media architecture design could be addressed—in the following called Master/Slave relationship. Its breakdown is then consequently a result of applying second digital turn thinking to media architecture.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper outlines two aspects to discuss the design of a media architecture installation: first, a qualitative method using the e-mail trails between the research team developing the installation to uncover trends in thought and opinion to identify if a Master/Slave outcome could have been avoided, thus it has the second digital turn thinking provided a “neutral judge”. Second, a design research approach where the designed outcome of the installation is discussed and evaluated. The scope of the chapter only allows for a short overview of the design process as such.

Findings
The authors could demonstrate that the design approach using second digital turn principles had overcoming the problem of a Master/Slave relationship in media architecture. Further, media architecture provides to the second digital turn, the advantage of providing input variables is of a technical nature and a clear set of objective relationships between the technical variables and constraints. Hence, it is easier to design x-number of design options. Media architecture also has advantage that the aesthetic judgement is potentially easier (which option to choose), as the primary function of most media façades lies in communicating dynamic text, graphic or images.

Originality/value
The paper understands its value in opening up and contributing to the question on how to judge objectiles. When designers are now in a position to develop computer programs that can design objects how does one judge which is the best object out of all the potential options? The paper argues that if the aesthetic quality of the outcome is understood a later judgement might be easier.