bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Backstage of Democracy
Authors: Sharma Amogh 
Published: November 2024

Over the last decade, election campaigns in India have undergone a dramatic shift. Political parties increasingly rely on political consulting firms, social media volunteers, pollsters, data-driven insights, and hashtag wars to mobilize voters. What is driving these changes in the landscape of electioneering? The Backstage of Democracy takes readers to the hidden arena of strategizing and deliberations that takes place between politicians and a new cabal of political professionals as they organize election campaigns in India. The book argues that this change is not reducible to a story of technological innovations alone. Rather, it is indicative of a new political culture where ideas of political expertise, the distribution of power within parties, and citizens' attitudes towards political participation have undergone a profound change. Marshalling an eclectic range of data sources, the book breaks new ground on how we understand the workings of India's electoral and party politics.
Through the India-China Border
Authors: Poddar Prem , Lindkvist Zhang Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Through the India-China Border mobilizes rarely used documentary material from British, Chinese and Indian archives to shed new light on our understanding of the 'Tibet Question' in China-India relations. Focused on the Himalayan border town of Kalimpong from the 1920s to 1962, it unearths a history of espionage and political intrigue that challenges the way that remote peripheries are seen from the 'centres' of nations. The innovative use of postcolonial and transcultural theory demonstrates how a multidisciplinary framework augments our reading of imperial histories, postwar politics, decolonisation and frontier cultures. Kalimpong emerges from this analysis as a key node in Himalayan history and in the mid-century fashioning of India-China relations.
Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant chimeric protein vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Lage Daniela P. , Vale Danniele L. , Maia Fabiana A. G. , Martins Vívian T. , Silva Marcela G. P. , Galvani Nathalia C. , Cardoso Mariana M. , Moreira Gabriel J. L. , Sombrio Eduarda M. , Freitas Camila S. , Pimenta Breno L. , Falcão Karolina O. M. , Dias Saulo S. G. , Bandeira Raquel S. , Pereira Isabela A. G. , Tavares Grasiele S. V. , Teixeira Antônio L. , Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel A. , Roatt Bruno M. , Machado-de-Ávila Ricardo A. , Coelho Eduardo A. F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical disease that can be fatal if acute and untreated. Diagnosis is difficult, the treatment is toxic and prophylactic vaccines do not exist. Leishmania parasites express hundreds of proteins and several of them are relevant for the host's immune system. In this context, in the present study, 10 specific T-cell epitopes from 5 parasite proteins, which were identified by antibodies in VL patients’ sera, were selected and used to construct a gene codifying the new chimeric protein called rCHI. The rCHI vaccine was developed and thoroughly evaluated for its potential effectiveness against Leishmania infantum infection. We used monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and polymeric micelles (Mic) as adjuvant and/or delivery system. The results demonstrated that both rCHI/MPLA and rCHI/Mic significantly stimulate an antileishmanial Th1-type cellular response, with higher production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and nitrite in vaccinated animals, and this response was sustained after challenge. In addition, these mice significantly reduced the parasitism in internal organs and increased the production of IgG2a isotype antibodies. In vivo and in vitro toxicity showed that rCHI is safe for the mammalians, and the recombinant protein also induced in vitro lymphoproliferative response and production of Th1-type cytokines by human cells, which were collected from healthy subjects and treated VL patients. These data suggest rCHI plus MPLA or micelles could be considered as a vaccine candidate against VL.
A review of the ecology and conservation of the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi in South America
Authors: Derlindati Enrique J. , Arengo Felicity , Michelutti Matías , Romano Marcelo C. , Fabre Heber Sosa , Ortiz Enver , Rocha Omar , Jahn Alex E. , Chanampa Mariana M. , Barberis Ignacio M. 
Published: November 2024

Summary
There are six species of flamingos in the world, all under pressure from human activities in their wetland habitats. Obtaining global population estimates for flamingos is challenging because of their broad geographical range, nomadic movements, capacity for long-distance flight, and the complexity of international monitoring. Two species, the Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus and Puna Flamingo P. jamesi, during key parts of their life cycle, use wetlands in the Andes of South America, where they coexist at various sites. We compiled historical information on population estimates and ecology for these two species and integrated data collected on regional simultaneous censuses to describe population trends, current and emerging threats, and provide recommendations for conservation action. Long-term population trends have been difficult to establish given the unreliability of population estimates prior to the late 1990s. Systematic, regional censuses carried out regularly since 1997 have produced robust population estimates for the Andean and Puna flamingos (most recently, 78,000 and 154,000, respectively) and show populations of both species to be stable and increasing. Increasingly rapid changes in wetlands caused by human activities such as industrial-scale mining in breeding and foraging sites in the high Andes wetlands, and agro-industrial activities in their lowland wintering sites, focused on areas of the highest concentrations of flamingos pose threats to their survival and ability to reproduce. In addition, climate change is projected to reduce wetland habitats and some localised effects have already been detected. Continued research on the ecological drivers of flamingo abundance, movements, and population genetics to understand population structure and dynamics are necessary, as well as the identification of response variables to changing environmental conditions. Interdisciplinary and systems-level approaches in the context of international collaboration in monitoring and conservation planning among a diversity of stakeholders will be required to safeguard flamingo populations and wetland habitats.
If things were simple, word would have gotten around. Can complexity science help us improve pediatric research?
Authors: Fustolo-Gunnink Suzanne F. , de Boode Willem P. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Greisen Gorm , Lopriore Enrico , Russo Federica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Complexity science is a discipline which explores how complex systems behave and how we interact with them. Though it is widely implemented outside medicine, particularly in the sciences involving human behavior, but also in the natural sciences such as physics and biology, there are only a few applications within medical research. We propose that complexity science can provide new and helpful perspectives on complex pediatric medical problems. It can help us better understand complex systems and develop ways to cope with their inherent unpredictabilities. In this article, we provide a brief introduction of complexity science, explore why many medical problems can be considered ‘complex’, and discuss how we can apply this perspective to pediatric research.

Impact

Current methods in pediatric research often focus on single mechanisms or interventions instead of systems, and tend to simplify complexity. This may not be appropriate.

Complexity science provides a framework and a toolbox to better address complex problems.

This review provides a starting point for the application of complexity science in pediatric research.
Normal weight obesity, circulating biomarkers and risk of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Wang Xiaoyan , Jiang Ying , Guo Yingying , Fu Peifen , He Wei , Fu Xiaohua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Individuals with normal weight obesity (NWO) often escape the attention of healthcare providers who may assume that a normal body mass index (BMI) correlates with low health risks. However, it remains unknown whether NWO increases the risk of breast cancer.

Methods
This study included 22,257 and 52,506 pre- and postmenopausal females with normal BMI in the UK Biobank. NWO was defined as participants with a normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and an excess percent body fat (PBF > 33.3%). Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the associations of NWO and NWO-related biomarkers with incident breast cancer.

Results
NWO was not associated with premenopausal breast cancer, whereas it was associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (hazard ratio = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08–1.31). In our meta-analysis, per 5-unit increment in percent body fat level was linked to a 15% (95% CI: 10–19%) elevated risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in females with normal BMI. Stratified analyses showed a stronger positive association in females with higher genetic risk. In our NWO-biomarkers analyses, NWO was linked to 34 identified biomarkers, of which three inflammation markers (monocyte count, neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein), and one ketone body metabolite (β-Hydroxybutyrate) also indicated a positive association with postmenopausal breast cancer.

Conclusions
NWO is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, indicating that relying solely on BMI neglects the higher risk faced by non-obese postmenopausal women.
S-allylmercaptocysteine inhibits TLR4-mediated inflammation through enhanced formation of inhibitory MyD88 splice variant in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Takashima Miyuki , Kurita Masahiro , Terai Haruhi , Zhao Feng-Qi , Suzuki Jun-ichiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMastitis is an inflammatory disease affecting mammary tissues caused by bacterial infection that negatively affects milk quality and quantity. S-Allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract (AGE), suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse models and cell cultures. However, the mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory effect remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of AGE suppressed the LPS-induced immune response in a mastitis mouse model and that SAMC inhibited LPS-induced interleukin-6 production and nuclear factor κB p65 subunit activation in HC11 mammary epithelial cells. Global phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that SAMC treatment downregulated 910 of the 1,304 phosphorylation sites upregulated by LPS stimulation in mammary cells, including those associated with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Additionally, SAMC decreased the phosphorylation of 26 proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing, particularly the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex. Furthermore, we found that SAMC increased the production of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 short form (MyD88-S), an alternatively spliced form of MyD88 that negatively regulates TLR4 signaling. These findings suggest that SAMC inhibits TLR4-mediated inflammation via alternative pre-mRNA splicing, thus promoting MyD88-S production in mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, SAMC may alleviate various inflammatory diseases, such as mastitis, by modulating immune responses.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Ficuseptine and Its Derivatives: Determination of Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Tasker Sarah Z. , Hoang Nghia L. T. , Nsereko Nina N. P. , Sheetz Sydney A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe indolizinium natural product ficuseptine, produced by the tropical fig tree Ficus septica, has been reported to have antibacterial properties. Herein, the synthesis of ficuseptine, ten analogues with differing aryl substituents, and two aryl regioisomers is reported. Despite several previous total syntheses, synthetically prepared ficuseptine has not been subjected to biological testing to confirm its activity. In our hands, ficuseptine was moderately active in Gram-positive B. spizizenii, with an MIC of 32 μg/mL, which was maintained for most aryl substituents. The position of the aryl rings was crucial, however, since regioisomeric ficuseptine analogues, mimicking related natural products, were found to be inactive. Finally, all ficuseptine derivatives were inactive (MIC >128 μg/mL) against Gram-negative E. coli. Understanding these structure–activity relationships (SAR) is helpful for future studies to understand the molecule’s mechanism of action or further develop its antibacterial properties.
Systematics of cybaeid spiders endemic to the Japanese Archipelago, and their historical biogeographic implications (Araneae: Cybaeidae)
Authors: Sugawara Yusuke , Ihara Yoh , Koike Naoki , Seo Hong-Yul , Prozorova Larisa A. , Zhang Zhi-Sheng , Nakano Takafumi 
Published: November 2024

The epigean and subterranean spiders of the genus Cybaeus L. Koch, 1868 are distributed in the Holarctic, and are highly diversified in western North America and Japan. More than 100 species have been described from the Japanese Archipelago and several species assemblages have also been recognised among the Japanese Cybaeus based on their morphological similarities. However, their phylogenetic backbone remains unclear. Moreover, genus-level classification of several of the Japanese species appear to be questionable. In this study we performed extensive molecular analyses of the family Cybaeidae in East Asia, mainly the Japanese Archipelago, to clarify their fundamental phylogenetic relationships. We also conducted a divergence time estimation to provide insights into their historical biogeography and evolutionary history. Our divergence dating results indicate that the diversification of the major lineages of the East Asian cybaeid spiders might be related to the opening of the Sea of Japan c. 20 million years ago. On the basis of the morphological evaluation and obtained phylogenies, some East Asian species formerly placed in Cybaeus are transferred to the cybaeid genera Allocybaeina Bennett, 2020, Sincybaeus Wang & Zhang, 2022 and Cybaeina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1932, i.e. Allocybaeina petegarina (Yaginuma, 1972), comb. nov., Sincybaeus monticola (Kobayashi, 2006), comb. nov., Sincybaeus rarispinosus (Yaginuma, 1970), comb. nov., Sincybaeus yoshiakii (Yaginuma, 1968), comb. nov., and Cybaeina whanseunensis (Paik & Namkung, 1967), comb. nov. Our results clarify the genus-level richness of cybaeids in the Japanese Archipelago for the first time, and reveal the fine-scale phylogenetic relationships of Cybaeus species endemic to the Japanese Archipelago and adjacent regions. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF2A3C0E-7F0F-4253-85BA-D995A075F00D
A band of brothers? Capetian princes in Anglo–French diplomacy, 1230s–1260s
Authors: Pélissié du Rausas Amicie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Robert of Artois, Alphonse of Poitiers and Charles of Anjou spent their lives within the inner circles of power of their brother, King Louis IX (1214–70). Princes of a realm where the upper aristocracy no longer automatically shared in governmental decision-making, the king’s brothers also controlled new apanages that did not challenge the inalienability of the kingdom, and they enjoyed a particularly strong position close to the king. This article examines the political roles and cohesion of this group of brothers, who have frequently been presented in historiography as a strong family unit. It focuses upon their diplomatic activities, which gave them greater visibility as the king’s representatives, and which allow us to assess the distinctive nature of their roles. Comparisons with the Plantagenet dynasty during the reign of King Henry III (1216–71) highlight just how much Louis IX relied on blood ties yet simultaneously forced his brothers to remain in the background when he was shaping policy.
Constructing methylation-driven ceRNA networks unveil tumor heterogeneity and predict patient prognosis
Authors: Li Xinyu , Peng Chuo , Liu Hongyu , Dong Mingjie , Li Shujuan , Liang Weixin , Li Xia , Bai Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cancer development involves a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors, with emerging evidence highlighting the pivotal role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in regulating gene expression. However, the influence of ceRNA networks by aberrant DNA methylation remains incompletely understood. In our study, we proposed DMceNet, a computational method to characterize the effects of DNA methylation on ceRNA regulatory mechanisms and apply it across eight prevalent cancers. By integrating methylation and transcriptomic data, we constructed methylation-driven ceRNA networks and identified a dominant role of lncRNAs within these networks in two key ways: (i) 17 cancer-shared differential methylation lncRNAs (DMlncs), including PVT1 and CASC2, form a Common Cancer Network (CCN) affecting key pathways such as the G2/M checkpoint, and (ii) 24 cancer-specific DMlncs construct unique ceRNA networks for each cancer type. For instance, in LUAD and STAD, hypomethylation drives DMlncs like PCAT6 and MINCR, disrupting the Wnt signaling pathway and apoptosis. We further investigated the characteristics of these methylation-driven ceRNA networks at the cellular level, revealing how methylation-driven dysregulation varies across distinct cell populations within the tumor microenvironment. Our findings also demonstrate the prognostic potential of cancer-specific ceRNA relationships, highlighting their relevance in predicting patient survival outcomes. This integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis provides new insights into cancer biology and regulatory mechanisms.
Underreporting of adverse events to health authorities by healthcare professionals: a red flag-raising descriptive study
Authors: Lavallée Maude , Corbin Sonia , Pradhan Pallavi , Guefack Laura Blonde , Thibault Magalie , Méthot Julie , Bérard Anick , Piché Marie-Eve , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Darveau Rosalie , Cloutier Isabelle , Leclerc Jacinthe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
An adverse event (AE) is any undesirable medical manifestation in an individual who has received pharmacological treatment. To be considered serious (SAE), it needs to meet minimally one of the severity criteria by Health Canada. The most recent data (2006) suggested that AEs were underreported (&lt;6%) to health authorities. In Canada, since the implementation of Vanessa’s Law (2019), hospitals are required to report SAEs; however, this law remains relatively unknown. The objectives of the study were: (i) to document the incidence of any AE and SAE over time in a ‘real’ clinical context, (ii) to quantify SAEs reported to Health Canada, and (iii) to assess whether Vanessa’s Law has led to an increase in mandatory reporting to Health Canada.

Methods
We carried out a descriptive retrospective study at the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, including 500 patients hospitalized between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 and randomized into 4 cohorts (125 patients/year). Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed.

Results
The characteristics of the cohorts were: 43.6% women; median age: 69 years (min–max: 21–96 years), number of comorbidities: 4 (1–12). During their hospitalization, patients consumed 18 different drug products (2–56) and the median of observed SAEs/patients was 0 (0–10) (total: 302). The overall percentage of SAEs reported to Health Canada was 0%, before and following the implementation of Vanessa’s Law.

Conclusion
According to 500 electronic medical records, SAEs were underreported to Health Canada, even after the implementation of Vanessa’s law.
Rhizosphere bacteria from the Bolivian highlands improve drought tolerance in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Gonzales Virginia , Huallpan María , Ramirez Ximena , Miguel Yessica San , Dubey Mukesh , Jensen Dan Funck , Karlsson Magnus , Crespo Carla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Drought is one of the most destructive abiotic factors for agricultural production, causing considerable yield losses. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is cultivated worldwide in different environmental conditions due to its nutritional characteristics and ability to grow in harsh environments. This study aims to select drought stress tolerant rhizosphere bacteria from the Bolivian altiplano to evaluate their quinoa growth-promoting capacity, including in vitro germination, seedling growth under drought stress in greenhouse conditions and field studies.

Methods and results
Rhizosphere soil from the southern highlands of Bolivia was collected to isolate 164 drought-stress tolerant bacteria. From these, 28 strains were shown to produce indole acetic acid, and/or to possess nitrogen-fixing or phosphate solubilizing capacity under in vitro conditions. Furthermore, all strains were evaluated for improvement of in vitro quinoa seed germination. Based on these properties, nine bacterial strains were formulated in three different matrixes and evaluated for quinoa seedling growth promotion during drought stress in a 3-month greenhouse experiment. Three strains were shown to significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increase root length of the quinoa seedlings. One strain was selected and shown to significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increase leaf number in a field trial under semi-arid conditions in the southern altiplano in Bolivia. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the 16S locus putatively identified the three strains with growth-promoting potential under drought stress as members of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia.

Conclusion
Microorganisms from the arid Bolivian altiplano constitute a potential biological source of bioinoculants to improve quinoa productivity and provide sustainable mitigation of climate change effects.
Frames of Minds
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Psychiatry has a long and controversial history, and its legacy is often questioned in the arts. But how is psychiatry used by filmmakers, what do they think of mental illness, and how do they use it? What is their frame of mind? Psychoanalytically? Biologically? Sociologically or anthropologically? Cinema has not only produced a full spectrum of elements of mental illness but also showed its treatment (or lack thereof). Frames of Minds traces the historical display of interpreted neuropsychiatry and explains why it is a story about medicine and why it should interest us. Patterns and paradigm shifts in neuropsychiatry over the last century have emerged over the decades, and mental disorders on screen became more specific. The influence of the anti-psychiatry movement in documentary filmmaking was evident. The takeaway is that filmmakers like to break the rules and take chances with the awkwardness of mental illness and psychotic breakdown.
The Mind and the Brain
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This is an introductory chapter on the cinema of psychiatry through the ages. Often, cinematic depictions of psychiatric disorders were short on theme development, but interest peaked postwar and in the 1960s. This chapter describes how cinema created characters with psychiatric disorders derived from classic descriptions in the literature. Early filmmakers in the silent era certainly found rich material for screenplays within psychiatry, but it was nothing more than vaudeville. The cinematic portrayal of psychiatry would change dramatically, and the following decades would show the influences of the anti-psychiatry movement and a focus on specific psychiatric illnesses. These mental disorders would include PTSD, drug and alcohol use, depression, suicide, and later, schizophrenia and bipolar disease.