bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Consensus Model: Shifting assessment practices in dietetics tertiary education
Authors: Bacon Rachel , Kellett Jane , Dart Janeane , Knight‐Agarwal Cathy , Mete Rebecca , Ash Susan , Palermo Claire 
Published: February 2018

AimThe aim of this research was to evaluate a Consensus Model for competency‐based assessment.MethodsAn evaluative case study was used to allow a holistic examination of a constructivist‐interpretivist programmatic model of assessment. Using a modified Delphi process, the competence of all 29 students enrolled in their final year of a Master of Nutrition and Dietetics course was assessed by a panel (with expertise in competency‐based assessment; industry and academic representation) from a course e‐portfolio (that included the judgements of student performance made by worksite educators) and a panel interview. Data were triangulated with assessments from a capstone internship. Qualitative descriptive studies with worksite educators (focus groups n = 4, n = 5, n = 8) and students (personal interviews n = 29) explored stakeholder experiences analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsPanel consensus was achieved for all cases by the third‐round and corroborated by internship outcomes. For 34% of students this differed to the ‘interpretations’ of their performance made by their worksite educator/s. Emerging qualitative themes from stakeholder data found the model: (i) supported sustainable assessment practices; (ii) shifted the power relationship between students and worksite educators and (iii) provided a fair method to assess competence. To maximise benefits, more refinement, resources and training are required.ConclusionsThis research questions competency‐based assessment practices based on discrete placement units and supports a constructivist–interpretivist programmatic approach where evidence across a whole course of study is considered by a panel of assessors.
Development of Portable Flow‐Through Electrochemical Sanitizing Unit to Generate Near Neutral Electrolyzed Water
Authors: Zhang Jufang , Yang Hongshun , Chan Joel Zhi Yang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe developed a portable flow‐through, electrochemical sanitizing unit to produce near neutral pH electrolyzed water (producing NEW). Two methods of redirecting cathode yields back to the anode chamber and redirecting anode yields the cathode chamber were used. The NEW yields were evaluated, including: free available chlorine (FAC), oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP), and pH. The performances of 2 electrodes (RuO2‐IrO2/TiO2 and IrO2‐Ta2O5/TiO2) were investigated. The unit produced NEW at pH 6.46 to 7.17, an ORP of 805.5 to 895.8 mV, and FAC of 3.7 to 82.0 mg/L. The NEW produced by redirecting cathode yields had stronger bactericidal effects than the NEW produced by redirecting anode yields or NEW produced by mixing the commercial unit's anode and cathode product (P < 0.05). Electron spin resonance results showed hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide anion free radicals were present in the NEW produced by developed unit. The NEW generator is a promising sanitizing unit for consumers and the food industry to control foodborne pathogens.Practical ApplicationCurrent commercial NEW‐producing units are quite large and are not convenient for family using. The developed portable flow‐through, NEW‐producing unit has great potential in a wide range of applications, such as organic farm, households, and small food industries. The examined sanitizing treatments showed effective control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes.
HER3 expression is enhanced during progression of lung adenocarcinoma without EGFR mutation from stage 0 to IA1
Authors: Kumagai Toru , Tomita Yasuhiko , Nakatsuka Shin‐ichi , Kimura Madoka , Kunimasa Kei , Inoue Takako , Tamiya Motohiro , Nishino Kazumi , Susaki Yoshiyuki , Kusu Takashi , Tokunaga Toshiteru , Okami Jiro , Higashiyama Masahiko , Imamura Fumio 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundActivating EGFR mutations, HER2, and HER3 are implicated in lung cancer; however, with the exception of EGFR gene amplification in lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations, their involvement in disease progression during the early stages is poorly understood. In this paper, we focused on which receptor is correlated with lung adenocarcinoma progression in the presence or absence of EGFR mutation from stage 0 to IA1.MethodsHER2 and HER3 expression and activating EGFR mutations in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma exhibiting ground glass nodules on chest computed tomography and re‐classified to stage 0 and IA1 were examined by immunohistochemistry and peptide nucleic acid‐locked nucleic acid PCR clamp method, respectively.ResultsHER2 and HER3 expression was detected in 22.2% and 86.1% of samples, respectively. The frequency of EGFR mutation was 45.7% and was not significantly different between stage 0 and IA1 (40.0% and 48.0%, respectively), suggesting that EGFR mutation does not correlate with cancer progression from stage 0 to IA1. HER2 expression also did not correlate to progression. However, not only the frequency, but also the intensity of HER3 expression was increased in stage IA1 lung adenocarcinoma, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma without EGFR mutation.ConclusionHER3 tends to be intensively expressed during the progression of lung adenocarcinoma without EGFR mutation from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma.
Dryland management regimes alter forest habitats and understory arthropod communities
Authors: Johnson S.N. , Lopaticki G. , Aslam T.J. , Barnett K. , Frew A. , Hartley S.E. , Hiltpold I. , Nielsen U.N. , Ryalls J.M.W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDryland forests, those characterised as having low precipitation and soil nutrients, account for over a quarter of forests globally. Increasing their productivity often relies on irrigation and fertilisation, but the impacts on the wider habitat are largely unknown. Understory invertebrates, in particular, play key roles in forest systems (e.g. nutrient cycling), but their responses to dryland forest management practices are untested. We investigated the impacts of irrigation, fertilisation and a combination of both on soil chemistry, understory vegetation, tree growth and understory arthropod communities in aEucalyptusplantation to establish linkages between dryland management and ecosystem responses. Fertilisation increased all soil nutrients (N, NO3N, P and K) with similar effects on the chemical composition of understory grasses. Fertilisation also caused declines in foliar silicon concentrations, an important herbivore defence in grasses. Irrigation increased growth of both understory plants (+90%) and trees (+68%). Irrigation increased the abundance of ground‐dwelling arthropods by over 480% relative to control plots, but depressed higher level taxon arthropod diversity by 15%, declining by a further 7% (−22%) in combined treatment plots. Irrigation also caused a surge in the abundance of Collembola (+1300%) and Isopoda (+323%). Fertilisation drove increases in the abundance of Isopoda (+196%) and Diptera (+63%), whereas fertilisation combined with irrigation increased populations of Thysanoptera (+166%) and Acarina (+328%). Airborne arthropods were less affected, but fertilisation increased the abundance of Apocrita (+95%) and depressed populations of Thysanoptera (−77%). Diptera abundance was positively related to understory vegetation growth, whereas the abundance of other groups (Collembola, Isopoda, Thysanoptera and Acarina) correlated positively with tree growth. We proposed that the large increases in populations of key detritivores, Collembola and Isopoda, were linked to increased leaf litter from enhanced tree growth in irrigated and combined treatment plots. Our findings suggest that dryland management can increase both plant productivity and abundance of arthropods, but cause arthropod diversity at the higher taxon level to decline overall.
Beyond Abstinence: Changes in Indices of Quality of Life with Time in Recovery in a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults
Authors: Kelly John F. , Greene M. Claire , Bergman Brandon G. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAlcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment and recovery research typically have focused narrowly on changes in alcohol/drug use (e.g., “percent days abstinent”) with little attention on changes in functioning or well‐being. Furthermore, little is known about whether and when such changes may occur, and for whom, as people progress in recovery. Greater knowledge would improve understanding of recovery milestones and points of vulnerability and growth.MethodsNational, probability‐based, cross‐sectional sample of U.S. adults who screened positive to the question, “Did you used to have a problem with alcohol or drugs but no longer do?” (Response = 63.4% from 39,809; final weighted sample n = 2,002). Linear, spline, and quadratic regressions tested relationships between time in recovery and 5 measures of well‐being: quality of life, happiness, self‐esteem, recovery capital, and psychological distress, over 2 temporal horizons: the first 40 years and the first 5 years, after resolving an AOD problem and tested moderators (sex, race, primary substance) of effects. Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing regression was used to explore turning points.ResultsIn general, in the 40‐year horizon there were initially steep increases in indices of well‐being (and steep drops in distress), during the first 6 years, followed by shallower increases. In the 5‐year horizon, significant drops in self‐esteem and happiness were observed initially during the first year followed by increases. Moderator analyses examining primary substance found that compared to alcohol and cannabis, those with opioid or other drugs (e.g., stimulants) had substantially lower recovery capital in the early years; mixed race/native Americans tended to exhibit poorer well‐being compared to White people; and women consistently reported lower indices of well‐being over time than men.ConclusionsRecovery from AOD problems is associated with dynamic monotonic improvements in indices of well‐being with the exception of the first year where self‐esteem and happiness initially decrease, before improving. In early recovery, women, certain racial/ethnic groups, and those suffering from opioid and stimulant‐related problems appear to face ongoing challenges that suggest a need for greater assistance.
Radiographic measurements of the hindlimbs in crab‐eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous, Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Castilho M. S. , Rahal S. C. , Mamprim M. J. , Inamassu L. R. , Melchert A. , Agostinho F. S. , Mesquita L. R. , Teixeira R. H. F. , Teixeira C. R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryLife expectancy of crab‐eating foxes in captivity is approximately 11 years, which favours the development of diseases including orthopaedic disorders. However, to understand disorders that may affect these animals, it is worth determining a normal range of measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate radiographic measurements of joint angles of the hindlimbs and the ratio of patellar ligament length to patellar length in healthy crab‐eating foxes. Fifteen captive crab‐eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), eight males and seven females, aged more than 1 year old, weighing 5.5–7.9 kg were used. Anatomic and mechanical femoral joint angles were assessed in ventrodorsal radiographic views, and mediolateral views were taken to measure patellar ligament length and patellar length, and the tibial plateau angle. The right and left hindlimbs were evaluated. All measurements were conducted in triplicate by the same investigator. No statistically significant differences were observed between sides in the radiographic measurements. The anatomic lateral proximal femoral angle and the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle recorded mean values of 95.43° and 92.75°, respectively. The mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle and the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle recorded mean values of 93.39° and 96.75°, respectively. Inclination angles measured according to the Tomlinson, Hauptman A and Hauptman B methods were 133.80°, 147.32° and 128.63°, respectively. The tibial plateau recorded 18.77°, and the ratio of the patellar ligament length to the patellar length was 1.99. In conclusion, the collected data are important to characterize the normal values of crab‐eating fox limbs.
Leptomeningeal enhancement on preoperative brain MRI in patients with glioblastoma and its clinical impact
Authors: Kim Hakyoung , Lim Do Hoon , Kim Tae Gyu , Lee Jung‐Il , Nam Do‐Hyun , Seol Ho Jun , Kong Doo‐Sik , Choi Jung Won , Suh Yeon‐Lim , Kim Sung Tae 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimLeptomeningeal enhancement (LME) on preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not always indicate leptomeningeal seeding (LMS). With Stupp's regimen, authors have treated glioblastoma patients with LME on preoperative brain MRI but here we tried to find the clinical impact of LME.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2015, 290 patients with glioblastoma have been treated with Stupp's regimen at Samsung Medical Center. Among these, 33 patients showed LME on preoperative brain MRI. We compared the clinical outcomes between the patients with or without LME on preoperative brain MRI and analyzed the clinical results according to changes of LME at following MRI.ResultsThe median survival was 23 months, and 2‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was 46.3% and 19.6%, respectively. Prognostic factors for OS and DFS were Karnofsky performance status, extent of resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. MGMT promoter methylation status was a significant prognostic factor for DFS. However, LME was not a significant prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.156) or DFS (P = 0.193). Among the 33 patients with LME on preoperative MRI, 21 (63.6%) showed persistent LME at the next MRI. A statistically significant difference in 2‐year survival was evident between patients with and without persistent LME (OS, 17.3% and 70.1%, respectively, P = 0.044; DFS, 5.3% and 54.0%, respectively, P = 0.006). The most common pattern of failure was local recurrence. However, patients with persistent LME displayed a higher incidence of LMS than patients without LME.ConclusionLME on preoperative brain MRI did not affect the clinical results in glioblastoma patients treated with the Stupp's regimen. However, persistence of LME was associated with poor survival and high possibility of LMS. For these patients, the postoperative adjuvant treatment should focus on palliative aim or more aggressive treatment scheme should be followed to overcome the disastrous results.
Impacts of a mineral lick‐centred land use system on woody vegetation cover in an East African Savannah
Authors: Teka Habtamu , Madakadze I.C. , Hassen Abubeker , Angassa Ayana , Mussa Mohammed 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEvaluation of woody vegetation changes with distance from a salt crater was conducted in the semi‐arid rangelands of southern Ethiopia. Data on live woody plants were collected over three seasons at 0, 1, 4, 6, 9 and 12 km from the salt crater. The density and diversity of woody plants differed significantly (p < .01) along the distance gradient. Six woody plant families were identified of which Fabaceae and Burseraceae were the dominant families. Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia nilotica, Commiphora africana and Acacia mellifera were among the severely encroaching woody species. There were high proportions of seedlings and saplings recorded closer to the salt crater showing a vigorous recruitment by woody plants. Woody plant encroachment along the 12‐km transect ranged from a low to severe encroachment, which could be translated into poor rangeland condition. Changes in soil characteristics increased grazing pressure and sedentary settlement around the salt crater, and the breakdown of traditional institutions seems to be major contributing factors to these vegetation changes. We suggest that severely encroached areas could be improved through a combination of methods such as bush clearing, prescribed fire, browsing animals and proper grazing management.
In Vitro Evaluation of ECG‐Synchronized Pulsatile Flow Using the i‐cor Diagonal Pump in Neonatal and Pediatric ECLS Systems
Authors: Moroi Morgan , Force Madison , Wang Shigang , Kunselman Allen R. , Ündar Akif 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe objective was to assess the i‐cor electrocardiogram‐synchronized diagonal pump in terms of hemodynamic energy properties for off‐label use in neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuits. The neonatal circuit consisted of an i‐cor pump and console, a Medos Hilite 800 LT oxygenator, an 8Fr arterial cannula, a 10Fr venous cannula, 91 cm of 0.6‐cm ID arterial tubing, and 91 cm of 0.6‐cm ID venous tubing. The pediatric circuit was identical except it included a 12Fr arterial cannula, a 14Fr venous cannula, and a Medos Hilite 2400 LT oxygenator. Neonatal trials were conducted at 36°C with hematocrit 40% using varying flow rates (200–600 mL/min, 200 mL increments) and postarterial cannula pressures (40–100 mm Hg, 20 mm Hg increments) under nonpulsatile mode and pulsatile mode with various pulsatile amplitudes (1000–4000 rpm, 1000 rpm increments). Pediatric trials were conducted at different flow rates (800–1600 mL/min, 400 mL/min increments). Mean pressure and energy equivalent pressure increased with increasing postarterial cannula pressure, flow rate, and pulsatile amplitude. Physiologic‐like pulsatility was achieved between pulsatile amplitudes of 2000–3000 rpm. Pressure drops were greatest across the arterial cannula. Pulsatile flow generated significantly higher total hemodynamic energy (THE) levels than nonpulsatile flow. THE levels at postarterial cannula site increased with increasing postarterial cannula pressure, pulsatile amplitude, and flow rate. No surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) was generated under nonpulsatile mode. Under pulsatile mode, preoxygenator SHE increased with increasing postarterial cannula pressure and pulsatile amplitude, but decreased with increasing flow rate. The i‐cor system can provide nonpulsatile and pulsatile flow for neonatal and pediatric ECLS. Pulsatile amplitudes of 2000–3000 rpm are recommended for use in neonatal and pediatric patients.
Expressive suppression is associated with state paranoia in psychosis: An experience sampling study on the association between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and paranoia
Authors: Nittel Clara Marie , Lincoln Tania Marie , Lamster Fabian , Leube Dirk , Rief Winfried , Kircher Tilo , Mehl Stephanie 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesAlthough emotional instability and problems in emotion regulation (ER) are known to be linked to the formation and maintenance of psychosis and paranoia, it remains unclear whether the use of specific ER strategies is associated with it. The first aim of the study was to explore the association between emotional instability and paranoia. The second and third aims were to investigate whether the use of maladaptive ER strategies leads to paranoia in patients with psychosis in daily life and whether the use of more adaptive ER strategies reduces paranoia.DesignA prospective momentary assessment study over the course of 6 days was performed.MethodParticipants with psychosis (n = 32) reported repeatedly over six consecutive days on the presence and instability of positive and negative emotions, their use of adaptive (reappraisal, acceptance, distraction, social sharing, reflection) and maladaptive ER strategies (rumination, expressive suppression) and momentary paranoia in their daily life.ResultsHierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that patients with psychosis who presented pronounced instability of negative emotions showed more severe levels of state paranoia. In addition, patients with psychosis who used expressive suppression when confronted with negative emotions at one point in time presented more pronounced levels of state paranoia at the following point in time.ConclusionThe results presented here suggest that both emotional instability and the use of expressive suppression might cause state paranoia and thus add to our understanding of causal mechanisms related to paranoia such as instability of negative emotions and the use of less adaptive ER strategies.Practitioner points

Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and more pronounced instability of negative emotions are relevant to paranoia in patients with psychosis and should be a special focus of CBTp interventions.

Future interventions designed for patients suffering from paranoia should promote coping with unstable negative emotions and replacing or reducing maladaptive emotion regulation strategies with adaptive ones.
Anti‐human SIRPα antibody is a new tool for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Murata Yoji , Tanaka Daisuke , Hazama Daisuke , Yanagita Tadahiko , Saito Yasuyuki , Kotani Takenori , Oldenborg Per‐Arne , Matozaki Takashi 
Published: February 2018

Interaction of signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) expressed on the surface of macrophages with its ligand CD47 expressed on target cells negatively regulates phagocytosis of the latter cells by the former. We recently showed that blocking Abs to mouse SIRPα enhanced both the Ab‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity of mouse macrophages for Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells opsonized with an Ab to CD20 (rituximab) in vitro as well as the inhibitory effect of rituximab on the growth of tumors formed by Raji cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/SCID mice. However, the effects of blocking Abs to human SIRPα in preclinical cancer models have remained unclear given that such Abs have failed to interact with endogenous SIRPα expressed on macrophages of immunodeficient mice. With the use of Rag2−/−γc−/− mice harboring a transgene for human SIRPα under the control of human regulatory elements (hSIRPα‐DKO mice), we here show that a blocking Ab to human SIRPα significantly enhanced the ADCP activity of macrophages derived from these mice for human cancer cells. The anti‐human SIRPα Ab also markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of rituximab on the growth of tumors formed by Raji cells in hSIRPα‐DKO mice. Our results thus suggest that the combination of Abs to human SIRPα with therapeutic Abs specific for tumor antigens warrants further investigation for potential application to cancer immunotherapy. In addition, humanized mice, such as hSIRPα‐DKO mice, should prove useful for validation of the antitumor effects of checkpoint inhibitors before testing in clinical trials.