bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo anti-carcinogenic property of a formulated citrus peel extract
Authors: Suzawa Michiko , Guo Limin , Pan Min-Hsiung , Ho Chi-Tang , Li Shiming 
Published: August 2018

Background: Cancer is one of the two leading fatal diseases humans face. Synthesized drugs available for cancer intervention have many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are often associated with serious of side effects, which can further damage the patients’ quality of life. Recently, the development of natural-product-based and therapeutically sound anti-cancer agents have gained popularity in the fields of functional and medical foods, which may exhibit advantages of minimal toxicity and multiple active molecular components. Citrus peel or its extract has been reported to have potent pharmacological activities and health benefits because of abundant flavonoids present in citrus fruits, particularly in the peels. Results: The results of these studies demonstrated the efficacy of Gold Lotion (GL), an extract of multiple varieties of citrus peels that contains abundant flavonoids, including a high percentage of polymethoxylflavones (PMFs), which can protect against skin cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer in mice. These results are clearly promising and warrant a human trial with GL in future studies. Summary: Briefly, these data have demonstrated that GL is efficacious in preventing and treating cancer in several model systems. This review summarizes the results of currently available data regarding the in vivo anti-cancer activity of GL, and identifies opportunities for subsequent human clinical trials to assess preventive and therapeutic effects in the near future.Keywords: gold lotion, citrus peel extracts, skin cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer
Direct access cancer testing in primary care: a systematic review of use and clinical outcomes
Authors: Smith Claire Friedemann , Tompson Alice C , Jones Nicholas , Brewin Josh , Spencer Elizabeth A , Bankhead Clare R , Hobbs FD Richard , Nicholson Brian D 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDirect access (DA) testing allows GPs to refer patients for investigation without consulting a specialist. The aim is to reduce waiting time for investigations and unnecessary appointments, enabling treatment to begin without delay.AimTo establish the proportion of patients diagnosed with cancer and other diseases through DA testing, time to diagnosis, and suitability of DA investigations.Design and settingSystematic review assessing the effectiveness of GP DA testing in adults.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Where possible, study data were pooled and analysed quantitatively. Where this was not possible, the data are presented narratively.ResultsThe authors identified 60 papers that met pre-specified inclusion criteria. Most studies were carried out in the UK and were judged to be of poor quality. The authors found no significant difference in the pooled cancer conversion rate between GP DA referrals and patients who first consulted a specialist for any test, except gastroscopy. There were also no significant differences in the proportions of patients receiving any non-cancer diagnosis. Referrals for testing were deemed appropriate in 66.4% of those coming from GPs, and in 80.9% of those from consultants; this difference was not significant. The time from referral to testing was significantly shorter for patients referred for DA tests. Patient and GP satisfaction with DA testing was consistently high.ConclusionGP DA testing performs as well as, and on some measures better than, consultant triaged testing on measures of disease detection, appropriateness of referrals, interval from referral to testing, and patient and GP satisfaction.
Antibiotherapy management in respiratory infections in ambulatory in Tunisia
Authors: Chakroun Mohamed , Chakroun Amine , Hsairi Mohamed 
Published: August 2018

Acute respiratory tract infections are the commonest acute conditions managed in general practice and the main causes of antibiotic use. In Tunisia, the rates of antibiotic prescriptions remain high in general practice. In order to assess antibiotics prescribing practices of 23 general practitioners when facing an ENT or a respiratory tract infection, we conducted an observational study from February 1st, 2014 to November 25th, 2014.
The study involved 374 patients, 45.6 mean age of years, among them 193 men (51.6%) and 174 (51.9%) with comorbidities. Tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis and acute bronchitis are the main diagnosis, accounting for over 90% of ENT and respiratory tract infection. The diagnosis of these infections was based on clinical criteria, additional tests were prescribed for only 75 patients (20%).
An antibiotic was prescribed for 360 patients (96.2%). β-lactams were the main prescribed class of antibiotics (58.3%). The antibiotic treatment was considered as inappropriate in 42.5% of prescriptions. The main causes were the prescription of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid during tonsillitis, non-antipneumococcal fluoroquinolones, when streptococci or streptococcus pneumoniae are presumed to be responsible for infection (tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, pneumonia), and unnecessary combination of antibiotics.
A concomitant treatment was prescribed for 365 patients (97.6%). The most prescribed drugs were antipyretics (71.4%), corticosteroids (44.7%) and mucolytic (30.2%).
The outcome was favorable in 333 cases (89%) and unfavorable in 26 cases (7.1%). The total average cost of an infectious episode was 79.776 ± 36.988 TND (45 ± 20 USD)., with a minimum and maximum values respectively 19.5 and 315.5 TND (35 to 558 USD).
This study highlights the frequency of antibiotics prescription (96.2%) during supposed viral infections such as acute bronchitis, tonsillitis or when antibiotic prescription has to be debatable such as in acute otitis media, sinusitis maxillary or exacerbations of COPD.
The over-use of antibiotics is an important concern in many countries of the region leading to emergence of bacterial resistance. National guidelines should be developed in order to promote rational use of antibiotics.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections in a Tertiary Care Center in Bahrain (2010-2014)
Authors: AlSalaman Jameela , AlShehabi Khadija , Salah Sara , Ahmed Fatima , Khudhair Hasanin , Sabt Sajeda , Redha Hussain , Mahdi Muneer , Madan Ali , AlBalooshi Noor , Kamal Hawra 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To describe the epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease during a 5-year period in a major hospital in Bahrain.

Design and Setting:
Retrospective study of cases of pneumococcal diseases among patient ≥ 14 years old during a five-year period (2010-2014), who attended Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain.

Patients and Methods:
Laboratory data was obtained on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Patients ≥14 years old of age, both inpatient and outpatient with cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Only samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid, sputum, deep tracheal aspirate (DTA), bronchial wash, eye discharge and middle ear fluid were included. Demographics and clinical records from medical files were then reviewed.

Results:
A total of 130 culture samples met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One-hundred twenty-six patients with pneumococcal disease were identified; with 65% being non-invasive and 35% being invasive pneumococcal disease. Overall, non-bacteremic Pneumonia was the most frequent manifestation, followed by bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease was more common among male patients (62.7%). Mean age was 57.67 (15-95 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus followed by cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven patients received mechanical ventilation during their admission, 13 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 6 patients developed para-pneumonic effusion as a complication. In-hospital Mortality rate was 13.5%.

Conclusion:
This study supports the current literature where pneumococcal infection is more prevalent in elderly and those with comorbidities. Mortality was related to age, certain chronic medical illness, admission to intensive care unit and need for mechanical ventilation.
Intended Hydration Strategies and Knowledge of Exercise-Associated Hyponatraemia in Marathon Runners: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Leggett Thomas , Williams Jonathan , Daly Colm , Kipps Courtney , Twycross-Lewis Richard 
Published: August 2018

Context:
Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a potentially fatal condition that can be prevented by avoiding excessive fluid intake. Running has become more popular in recent years, so it is important to assess the safety of runners' hydration strategies.

Objective:
(1) To explore the intended hydration strategies of a sample of marathon runners before the 2014 London Marathon, (2) to examine their sources of information and knowledge about fluid intake and their understanding of EAH, and (3) to compare these findings with the results of a similar study carried out before the 2010 London Marathon.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
The 2014 London Marathon.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 298 runners (148 males, 150 females), 0.83% of all race finishers.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Planned frequency, type, and volume of hydration; sources of information about appropriate drinking; and understanding of hyponatremia were explored. Comparisons were made with data collected from a sample of participants at the 2010 London Marathon. Data relating to the 2014 cohort are presented in descriptive form. Comparisons of the 2010 and 2014 cohorts were conducted using parametric and nonparametric methods.

Results:
A total of 48.7% of the 2014 cohort listed drinking to thirst as the most important factor affecting their hydration strategy during the race. This compared with 25.3% of runners from the 2010 cohort and represented an increase (χ2 = 29.1, P = .001); 5.8% of the 2014 cohort planned on drinking more than 3.5 L, compared with 12% of the 2010 cohort (χ2 = 4.310, P = .038).

Conclusions:
The number of sampled individuals using thirst to guide hydration strategies in the 2014 London Marathon increased from 2010. However, more than half of the 2014 cohort was not planning to drink to thirst. Runners still need to be educated about the risks of overdrinking as they continue to demonstrate a lack of knowledge and understanding.
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Services in Mental Health Practice
Authors: Swarbrick Margaret , Noyes Susan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
National behavioral health care efforts have opened opportunities to reignite occupational therapy mental health practice and research. The profession’s person-centered and occupation-based practice fits well with the growing needs of people with serious mental illness (SMI) served in community-based settings. The nine articles in this special issue provide a growing body of evidence to support the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for adults with SMI to enhance health management skills and promote independence in living a balanced and satisfying life. However, much more high-level research is required to explicitly investigate the contributions of occupational therapy in all areas of occupation for adults with SMI and to broaden the available evidence base to inform occupational therapy practice.
Effectiveness of Direct Application of Phosphate Rock in Upland Acid Inceptisols Soils on Available-P and Maize Yield
Authors: Nurjaya . , Nursyamsi Dedi 
Published: August 2018

Source of P fertilizer which is used by farmers in upland acid soils area is generally acidulated phosphate rock (PR), such as tripel super phosphate (TSP), super phosphate 36% P2O5 (SP-36), as well as partial acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) which contain 10-30% P2O5. Their effectiveness, however, varies and depends on the soil and plant types. Phosphate rock fertilizers have a high prospects for acid soils because its effectiveness equals to the SP-36, cheaper, slow release, and its application can also leave the residual P in the soil that available for plants for next few seasons. Field experiment aimed to study the effectiveness of direct application of PR at upland acid soils and its effect on soil available-P as well as maize (Zea mays L.) yield was conducted in Acid Inceptisols of Ciampea, Bogor in wet season years 2008/2009. The experiment was arranged by a Randomized Completely Block Design with 3 replications. Maize of P-12 variety was used as a plant indicator. The treatment consisted of 6 levels of phosphate rock: 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg P ha-1, as well as one level of SP-36 40 kg P ha-1 as standard fertilizer. In addition, urea of 300 kg ha-1 and KCl of 100 kg ha-1 were used as basal fertilization. The result showed that the application of PR in the amount ranging from 20 to 60 kg P ha-1 increased total-P and available-P, and pH, decreased exchangeable Al in the soils as well as increased maize straw and grain. Phosphate rock application at 40 kg P ha-1 level was equally effective as SP-36 in the tested soils. Critical level of soil P for maize grown in the soil was 675 and 5.00 mg P2O5 kg-1 extracted with HCl 25% and Bray I, respectively. The requirement of P for maize grown in the soil to achieve maximum profit was 38 kg P ha-1 and 17.5 kg P ha-1 or equivalent to PR of 583 and 268 kg ha-1 in low (soil P < critical level) and high (soil P > critical level) soil P status, respectively.Keywords: Direct application, phosphate rock, soil available-P, upland acid soils.[How to Cite: Nurjaya and D Nursyamsi. 2013. Effectiveness of Direct Application of Phosphate Rock in Upland Acid Inceptisols Soils on Available-P and Maize Yield. J Trop Soils 18 (1): 1-9. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.1] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.1]
Assessment Erosion 3D Hazard with USLE and Surfer Tool: A Case Study of Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Aflizar . , Afrizal Roni , Masunaga Tsugiyuki 
Published: August 2018

Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion rate is an important basic to investigate and improve land use system, which has not been sufficiently conducted in Indonesia. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Erosion Three Dimension (E3D) in Surfer were used to identify characteristic of dominant erosion factors in Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra, Indonesia using data soil survey and monitoring sediment yield in outlet watershed. Climatology data from three stations were used to calculate Rainfall erosivity (R) factor. As many as101 sampling sites were used to investigate soil erodibility (K-factor) with physico-chemical laboratory analysis. Digital elevation model (DEM) of Sumani Watershed was used to calculate slope length and Steepness (LS-factor). Landsat TM imagery and field survey were used to determine crop management (C-factor) and conservation practices (P-factor). Calculating soil loss and map of USLE factor were determined by Kriging method in Surfer 9. Sumani Watershed had erosion hazard in criteria as: severe to extreme severe (26.23%), moderate (24.59%) and very low to low (49.18%). Annual average soil loss for Sumani watershed was 76.70 Mg ha-1 y-1 in 2011. Upland area was designated as having a severe to extreme severe erosion hazard compared to lowland which was designated as having very less to moderate. On the other land, soil eroded from upland were deposited in lowland. These results were verified by comparing one year’s sediment yield observation on the outlet of the watershed. Land use (C-factor), rainfall erosivity (R- factor), soil erodibility (K-factor), slope length and steepness (LS-factor) were dominant factors that affected soil erosion. Traditional soil conservation practices were applied by farmer for a long time such as terrace in Sawah. The USLE model in Surfer was used to identify specific regions susceptible to soil erosion by water and was also applied to identify suitable sites to conduct soil conservation planning in Sumani Watershed.[How to Cite : Aflizar, R Afrizal, T Masunaga. 2013. Assessment Erosion 3D Hazard with USLE and Surfer Tool: A Case Study of Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra Indonesia. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 81-92. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.81][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.81]
Oral Versus Written Recall of Long-Term Memory Items: Replicating and Extending the Writing Superiority Effect Across Knowledge Domains
Authors: Janczyk Markus , Aßmann Martin , Grabowski Joachim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough language production offers a commonly used window into individuals’ knowledge, it remains questionable whether oral or written language production allows better diagnostic content validity, for example, in educational or legal settings. Existing results vary with respect to empirical evidence in favor of the oral or the written modality in knowledge assessment. However, for list-like organized knowledge domains (i.e., domains consisting of a definite number of uniform items), a writing superiority effect (WSE) has been consistently observed. We present 3 experiments in which the WSE is replicated and generalized to hitherto untested knowledge domains and participant pools. To estimate the content validity of the verbal recall modes, free recall performance is analyzed as a function of modality, taking into account cued recall performance, which is known to allow more complete knowledge recollection. Throughout all experiments, free recall performance was better in the written than in the oral diagnosis of list-like knowledge. The results recommend written diagnosis at least for similarly structured knowledge domains. Future research should investigate to which degree writing superiority also holds for other kinds of knowledge domains and which language production and retrieval processes are responsible for the effect.
TIM e Cosmopolis: narrativas utópicas e distópicas no e sobre o tempo presentesente
Authors: Isolan Flaviano Bugatti 
Published: August 2018

As visões do futuro que preenchem e caracterizam o cotidiano estão presentes nas narrativas e imagens da cultura da mídia e do audiovisual, as quais consolidaram-se como fonte documental para análises sobre a construção e a configuração do tempo presente. Este artigo pretende fazer um exercício de reflexão nesse sentido, partindo de duas produções: a propaganda de TV da operadora TIM (2012) e o filme Cosmópolis (2012). A proposta é comparar ambas as fontes audiovisuais a partir de suas visões utópicas e distópicas do futuro. Tais visões permitem observar as diferentes possibilidades de construção de sentidos e perspectivas da categoria ‘presente’. Palavras-chave: Tempo Presente. Audiovisual. Utopia. Distopia. TIM/Cosmopolis.
Popularizações do passado e historicidades democráticas: escrita colaborativa, performance e práticas do espaço
Authors: Pereira Mateus Henrique de Faria , Bianchi Guilherme , Abreu Marcelo Santos de 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo pretende compreender as relações entre popularização do passado e democratização da história. Para tal, realizamos três estudos de caso que nos permitem pensar em outros regimes de escrita, presença e memória. No primeiro caso, descrevemos um suposto plágio que a revista de divulgação Leituras da História teria cometido a partir da Wikipédia, no segundo analisamos como as artes cênicas representam uma possibilidade ativa de relação com o passado traumático e, no terceiro, lidamos com a forma pela qual inscrições históricas no espaço urbano são constantemente ressignificadas. Concluímos que a popularização do passado em diferentes meios desestabiliza os lugares tradicionais de produção e consumo de conhecimento histórico, e lançam uma série de questões para repensar o lugar da historiografia na contemporaneidade. Palavras-chave: Popularização do passado. Historicidade. Presença. Memória.
A formação do movimento feminista brasileiro: considerações a partir de narrativas de mulheres que militaram contra a ditadura civil-militar
Authors: Kreuz Débora Strieder 
Published: August 2018

A partir dos anos 1960, grande parte do mundo ocidental viu emergir novas formas de manifestação relacionadas com pautas até então consideradas secundárias. No Brasil, contudo, vivíamos um momento conturbado politicamente, com a implantação, em 1964, de uma ditadura civil-militar que perdurou até 1985 e reprimiu violentamente toda e qualquer forma de resistência. Em meados da década de 1970, entretanto, iniciou-se a rearticulação de novos movimentos sociais, os quais, além da luta pelo retorno da democracia, inseriram novas discussões no cenário. O artigo se propõem a analisar, a partir de narrativas de militantes que atuaram em organizações clandestinas de combate a ditadura e posteriormente no movimento feminista, a maneira como este se organizou no país. Intentamos compreender a relação entre a participação em grupos revolucionários e a posterior militância feminista das narradoras. Para a análise dos relatos partimos de duas categorias analíticas principais: memória e gênero. A partir do que elenca a metodologia da História Oral temos acesso a memória das militantes, que é compreendida enquanto um processo de constante rearranjo em virtude das experiências vividas. Assim, o trabalho busca a compreensão da forma como o movimento feminista brasileiro de segunda onda se organizou, sobretudo a partir das vivências daquelas que lutaram contra o arbítrio ditatorial, partindo do pressuposto que tal experiência foi fundamental para a caracterização das suas especificidades. Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Movimento Feminista Brasileiro. Gênero. Memória.
Génétique textuelle et écritures mono- et plurilingues
Authors: Leblay Christophe 
Published: August 2018

Le choix méthodologique de ce travail pose la génétique textuelle comme discipline de référence ; celle-ci prend en compte prioritairement une description des phénomènes intrinsèques de scripturalité, bien avant de s’intéresser au seul produit final. Les concepts clés de la génétique textuelle (successivité, immédiateté, linéarité) sont réactualisés et transférables à de nouveaux corpus hétérogènes, collaboratifs, polygraphiques et professionnels. En ajoutant l’appareil conceptuel génétique, il devient possible de suivre et de visualiser le pas-à-pas des transformations : le retour critique sur sa propre écriture s’apprend, se raffine à l’aide de ressources visuelles. À partir de repères élémentaires en génétique textuelle, il s’agit de considérer les différentes manières d’étudier ce que la génétique nomme avant-texte, afin de pouvoir classer les principaux corpus génétiques, depuis les premiers corpus littéraires jusqu’aux plus récents, multimodaux, dont font partie les écritures professionnelles monolingue (rédaction) et plurilingue (traduction).