bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single-use, size-specific, nylon arthroplasty guide: a preliminary study for hip resurfacing
Authors: Uemura Keisuke , Boughton Oliver R , Logishetty Kartik , Halewood Camilla , Clarke Susannah G , Harris Simon J , Sugano Nobuhiko , Cobb Justin P 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: In arthroplasty surgery, positioning of the components must be accurate and reproducible to avoid complications. Conventional guides are often used to align a component, but they require surgical skill and experience, and are prone to error. To this end, a single-use, size-specific, nylon guide (single-use nylon guide) has been developed for the purpose of increasing the accuracy without adding extra cost to the operation. The effectiveness of this type of guide was evaluated in using a synthetic bone study. Methods: A total of 66 synthetic femurs with the same osteoarthritic morphology were prepared. 3 surgeons participated in the experiments, and each surgeon created a drill hole for the femoral component by using the single-use nylon guide or a commercially-available, conventional, metal, neck-based guide (conventional guide). Anteversion, inclination, and insertion point acquired by the guide were compared between the guides, between surgeons, and to the computer-based plan. Results: Anteversion acquired by the single-use nylon guide (6.7° [4.9–11.5°]) was significantly closer to the plan (14.6°) than that acquired by the conventional guide (4.3° [2.4–8.6°]) ( p = 0.03). The insertion point was also significantly closer to the plan for the single-use nylon guide (3.8 mm ± 1.6 mm) than the conventional guide (5.7 mm ± 2.4 mm) ( p < 0.001). No significant difference was found for the inclination ( p = 0.76). Conclusion: A single-use, size-specific nylon guide was effective in acquiring a higher accuracy and precision in anteversion and insertion point than a conventional guide in this synthetic bone, hip resurfacing arthroplasty study. The use of single-use guides in other orthopaedic procedures should be explored.
Prognostic value of automated pupillometry: an unselected cohort from a cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Obling Laust , Hassager Christian , Illum Charlotte , Grand Johannes , Wiberg Sebastian , Lindholm Matias Greve , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Kondziella Daniel , Kjaergaard Jesper 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Patients admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit are often unconscious with uncertain prognosis. Automated infrared pupillometry for neurological assessment in the intensive care unit may provide early prognostic information. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of automated pupillometry in different subgroups of patients in a cardiac intensive care unit with 30-day mortality as the primary endpoint and neurological outcome as the secondary endpoint.

Methods:
A total of 221 comatose patients were divided into three groups: out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in-hospital cardiac arrest and others (i.e. patients with cardiac diagnoses other than cardiac arrest). Automated pupillometry was serially performed until discharge or death and pupil measurements were analysed using the neurological pupil index algorithm. We applied receiver operating characteristic curves in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and a calculated Youden index identified neurological pupil index cut-off values at different specificities.

Results:
In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients higher neurological pupil index values were independently associated with lower 30-day mortality. The univariable model for 30-day mortality had an area under the curve of 0.87 and the multivariable model achieved an area under the curve of 0.94. The Youden index identified a neurological pupil index cut-off in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients of 2.40 for a specificity of 100%. For patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest and other cardiac diagnoses, we found no association between neurological pupil index values and 30-day mortality, and the univariable models showed poor predictive values.

Conclusion:
Automated infrared pupillometry has promising predictive value after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but poor predictive value in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest or cardiac diagnoses unrelated to cardiac arrest. Our data suggest a possible neurological pupil index cut-off of 2.40 for poor outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.
Tibiofemoral Cartilage Contact Differences Between Level Walking and Downhill Running
Authors: Akpinar Berkcan , Thorhauer Eric , Tashman Scott , Irrgang James J. , Fu Freddie H. , Anderst William J. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Some studies have suggested that altered tibiofemoral cartilage contact behavior (arthrokinematics) may contribute to long-term cartilage degeneration, potentially leading to tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. However, few studies have assessed normal tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during dynamic activities. Purpose: To characterize tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during the impact phase of level walking and downhill running. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Arthrokinematic data were collected on uninjured knees of 44 participants (mean age, 20.7 ± 6.6 years). Using a dynamic stereoradiographic imaging system with superimposed 3-dimensional bone models from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of participant-specific tibiofemoral joints, arthrokinematics were assessed during the first 15% of the gait cycle during level walking and the first 10% of the gait cycle during downhill running. Results: During level walking and downhill running, the medial compartment had a greater cartilage contact area versus the lateral compartment. Both compartments had a significantly less cartilage contact area during running versus walking (medial compartment gait cycle affected: 8%-10%; lateral compartment gait cycle affected: 5%-10%). Further, medial and lateral compartment tibiofemoral contact paths were significantly more posterior and longer during downhill running. Conclusion: There was a decreased tibiofemoral cartilage contact area during downhill running compared with level walking, suggesting that underlying bone morphology may play a key role in determining the size of cartilage contact regions. Clinical Relevance: This study provides the first data characterizing tibiofemoral cartilage contact patterns during level walking and downhill running. These results provide evidence in support of performing biomechanical assessments during both level walking and downhill running to obtain a comprehensive picture of tibiofemoral cartilage behavior after clinical interventions.
Short-term versus long-term mentalization-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Juul Sophie , Lunn Susanne , Poulsen Stig , Sørensen Per , Salimi Mehrak , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Bateman Anthony , Simonsen Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder is often lengthy and resource-intensive. However, the current length of outpatient treatments is arbitrary and based on trials that never tested if the treatment intensity could be reduced. As a result, there is insufficient evidence to inform the decision between short-term and long-term psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Mentalization-based therapy is one treatment option for borderline personality disorder and consists traditionally of an 18-month treatment program.

Methods/design
This trial is an investigator-initiated single-center randomized clinical superiority trial of short-term (20 weeks) compared to long-term (14 months) mentalization-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder. Participants will be recruited from the Outpatient Clinic for Personality Disorders at Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark. Participants will be included if they meet a minimum of four DSM-V criteria for borderline personality disorder. Participants will be assessed before randomization, and at 8, 16, and 24 months after randomization. The primary outcome is severity of borderline symptomatology assessed with the Zanarini Rating Scale for borderline personality disorder. Secondary outcomes include self-harm incidents, functional impairment (Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning) and quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey 36). Severity of psychiatric symptoms (Symptom Checklist 90-R) will be included as an exploratory outcome. Measures of personality functioning, attachment, borderline symptoms, group alliance, and mentalization skills will be included to explore potential predictors and mechanisms of change.

Discussion
This trial will provide evidence of the beneficial and harmful effects of short-term compared to long-term mentalization-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03677037. Registered on September 19, 2018.
The ciliary GTPase Arl3 maintains tissue architecture by directing planar spindle orientation during epidermal morphogenesis
Authors: Bhattarai Samip R. , Begum Salma , Popow Rachel , Ezratty Ellen J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Arl/ARF GTPases regulate ciliary trafficking, but their tissue-specific functions are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ciliary GTPase Arl3 is required for mitotic spindle orientation of mouse basal stem cells during skin development. Arl3 loss diminished cell divisions within the plane of the epithelium, leading to increased perpendicular divisions, expansion of progenitor cells and loss of epithelial integrity. These observations suggest that an Arl3-dependent mechanism maintains cell division polarity along the tissue axis, and disruption of planar spindle orientation has detrimental consequences for epidermal architecture. Defects in planar cell polarity (PCP) can disrupt spindle positioning during tissue morphogenesis. Upon Arl3 loss, the PCP signaling molecules Celsr1 and Vangl2 failed to maintain planar polarized distributions, resulting in defective hair follicle angling, a hallmark of disrupted PCP. In the absence of Celsr1 polarity, frizzled 6 lost its asymmetrical distribution and abnormally segregated to the apical cortex of basal cells. We propose that Arl3 regulates polarized endosomal trafficking of PCP components to compartmentalized membrane domains. Cell-cell communication via ciliary GTPase signaling directs mitotic spindle orientation and PCP signaling, processes that are crucial for the maintenance of epithelial architecture.
An interview with Judith Kimble
Authors: Maartens Aidan 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Judith Kimble is Vilas Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator (since 1994). Her lab is interested broadly in the molecular regulation of animal development, with a focus on stem cell self-renewal, fate specification and reprogramming in Caenorhabditis elegans. We caught up with Judith after she delivered her Keynote Lecture at the 2019 Santa Cruz Developmental Biology Meeting, and heard about her circuitous route to basic research, her passion for black boxes in science and why London is her cabin the woods.
High Frequency Jet Ventilation during stereotactic ablation of liver tumours: an observational study on blood gas analysis as a measure of lung function during general anaesthesia
Authors: Galmén Karolina , Jakobsson Jan G , Freedman Jacob , Harbut Piotr 
Published: April 2019

Background: Stereotactic ablation of tumours in solid organs is a promising curative procedure in clinical oncology. The technique demands minimal target organ movements to optimise tumour destruction and prevent injury to surrounding tissues. High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a novel option during these procedures, reducing the respiratory-associated movements of the liver. The effects of HFJV via endotracheal catheter on gas exchange during liver tumour ablation is not well studied. Methods: The aim of this explorative study was to assess lung function and the effects on blood gas and lactate during HFJV in patients undergoing stereotactic liver ablation. Blood gases were analysed in 25 patients scheduled for stereotactic liver ablation under general anaesthesia pre-induction, every 15 minutes during HFJV and following extubation in the recovery room. The HFJV was set at fixed settings. Results: None of the patients developed hypoxia or signs of increased lactate production but a great variation in PaO2/FiO2 ratio was found; from 13.1 to 71.3. An increase in mean PaCO2 was observed, from a baseline of 5.0 to a peak of 7.1 at 30 minutes (p <0.001) and a decrease was found in median pH, from a baseline of 7.44 to 7.31 at 15 minutes (p=0.03). We could not see any clear association between a decrease in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and PaCO2 elevation. Conclusions: HFJV during general anaesthesia in patients undergoing stereotactic liver ablation is feasible and it did not cause hypoxemia or signs of increased lactate production. A reversible mild to moderate impairment of gas exchange was found during HFJV.
Gametocyte carriage in an era of changing malaria epidemiology: A 19-year analysis of a malaria longitudinal cohort
Authors: Muthui Michelle K. , Mogeni Polycarp , Mwai Kennedy , Nyundo Christopher , Macharia Alex , Williams Thomas N. , Nyangweso George , Wambua Juliana , Mwanga Daniel , Marsh Kevin , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa C. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Interventions to block malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes are currently in development. To be successfully implemented, key populations need to be identified where the use of these transmission-blocking and/or reducing strategies will have greatest impact. Methods: We used data from a longitudinally monitored cohort of children from Kilifi county located along the Kenyan coast collected between 1998-2016 to describe the distribution and prevalence of gametocytaemia in relation to transmission intensity, time and age. Data from 2,223 children accounting for 9,134 person-years of follow-up assessed during cross-sectional surveys for asexual parasites and gametocytes were used in logistic regression models to identify factors predictive of gametocyte carriage in this cohort. Results: Our analysis showed that children 1-5 years of age were more likely to carry microscopically detectable gametocytes than their older counterparts. Carrying asexual parasites and recent episodes of clinical malaria were also strong predictors of gametocyte carriage. The prevalence of asexual parasites and of gametocyte carriage declined over time, and after 2006, when artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) was introduced, recent episodes of clinical malaria ceased to be a predictor of gametocyte carriage. Conclusions: Gametocyte carriage in children in Kilifi has fallen over time. Previous episodes of clinical malaria may contribute to the development of carriage, but this appears to be mitigated by the use of ACTs highlighting the impact that gametocidal antimalarials can have in reducing the overall prevalence of gametocytaemia when targeted on acute febrile illness.
Organizational and Perceived Learning in the Workplace: A Multilevel Perspective on Employees’ Problem Solving
Authors: Furlan Andrea , Galeazzo Ambra , Paggiaro Adriano 
Published: April 2019

Using a multilevel theoretical framework, we investigate the effects of organizational and perceived learning on employees’ systematic problem solving (SPS) that aims to prevent the recurrence of a problem. At the organizational level, we focus on the deliberate learning mechanisms of knowledge articulation (OKA) and knowledge codification (OKC). At the individual level, we focus on the relative perception of the mechanisms of knowledge articulation (PKA) and knowledge codification (PKC). Drawing on both knowledge management and sensemaking literature, we move from learning only captured through organizational mechanisms, which suppose individuals are passively embedded in the organizational context, to learning captured through perceived mechanisms, which suppose individuals take an active part in the learning processes and interpret them differently. We employ multilevel structural equation modeling to test our theoretical framework using survey data from a sample of 383 shop floor employees in 52 plants. To enhance our results, we perform a set of robustness checks that control different specifications of our model and potential endogeneity issues. Our study indicates that OKC affects SPS, while OKA affects OKC. Moreover, results show that both PKA and PKC have strong positive effects on SPS. Our study draws attention to the multilevel role of organizational learning and expands the understanding of the role of problem solving in routine evolution. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1274 .
Hydration status, total water intake and subjective feelings of adolescents living in a hot environment, during a typical school day
Authors: Aphamis George , Stavrinou Pinelopi S. , Andreou Eleni , Giannaki Christoforos D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimIndividuals living in a hot environment appear to face increased risk of dehydration. Currently there is not extensive literature on the adolescent population in relation to hydration. The aim of the present study was to assess hydration status and total water intake (TWI) at school, of adolescents living in a hot environment, and to investigate the association of hydration and TWI with various subjective feelings.MethodsThe hydration status of 141 adolescents (boys n = 102), age 15–17 years, was assessed via urine specific gravity (USG), at the beginning (07:30 am) and at the end (1:30 pm) of one school day. TWI from fluids and solid food was assessed via detailed food and fluid records. Subjective feelings (i.e. thirst, alertness, ability to concentrate) were recorded by specific scales.ResultsNinety percent of the students arrived dehydrated at school (USG >1.020). Thirteen students were hydrated (USG <1.020), 67 students were slightly dehydrated (USG 1.021–1.029), and 50 students were seriously dehydrated (USG >1.030). There was no difference in TWI between the three groups (765 ± 451 mL). TWI correlated with alertness (p = 0.005) and the ability to concentrate (p = 0.015), and inversely correlated with fatigue (p = 0.015). Seriously dehydrated students felt less alert in the morning (p < 0.035) whereas the feeling of thirst was similar between all groups.ConclusionsThe prevalence of the dehydration of the adolescents during school time appeared to be extremely high, and thirst was not driving those adolescents to drink enough. Apart from health concerns, school performance could be affected by dehydration and inadequate water intake.
Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Kinetic Study of Ultrafiltration-Enhanced, SCER-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Lard
Authors: Lv Enmin , Ding Shaoxuan , Lu Jie , Li Zhuang , Du Lixiong , Zhang Shuguang , Ding Jincheng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The integration process of polyethersulphone (PES) ultrafiltration with catalytic hydrolysis of lard was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The influences of molar ratio of water to lard, reaction time and transmembrane pressure on the fatty acids (FAs) yield were investigated. Results showed that the maximum FAs yield of 99.52 % was obtained under the optimized conditions of molar ratio of water to lard of 6.0:1.0, reaction time of 10.0 h and transmembrane pressure of 100.0 kPa. Moreover, the membrane cleaning efficiency was studied after four cleanings. Furthermore, the kinetic model of membrane separation process was investigated and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined.
Speech-accompanying gestures in L1 and L2 conversational interaction by speakers of different proficiency levels
Authors: Lin Yen-Liang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study examines the co-occurrence of speech and gestures based on a multimodal corpus to investigate the extent to which speech-accompanying gestures differ between Chinese as L1 and English as L2 speech among speakers of different L2 proficiency levels. Thirty-two Chinese-speaking learners of English, equally distributed between advanced (C1) and low-intermediate (B1) proficiency levels were recruited. The face-to-face casual conversation in L1 and L2 among friends were video-recorded, and speech-accompanying gestures were then coded for different types: deictic gestures, iconic gestures, metaphoric gestures, beats, and others. The analysis of overall frequencies of L2 gestures, English proficiency level was found to have a significant effect; in particular, speakers at higher levels of L2 proficiency are more likely to produce more beats and iconic gestures in conversational interaction for additional emphasis, while less proficient L2 speakers tended to produce more deictic gestures, accompanied with other communication strategies. Furthermore, the comparison of the types of gestures that accompanied the speakers’ L1 and L2 conversation show that except metaphoric gestures, speakers tended to produce more beats, deictic and iconic gestures in L2 than in L1, with similar results found in both advanced and low-intermediate learners.
Plasmon-assisted bandgap engineering in dilute nitrides
Authors: Pettinari Giorgio , Labbate Loris Angelo , Sharma Mayank Shekhar , Rubini Silvia , Polimeni Antonio , Felici Marco 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The inherent ability of plasmonic bowtie nanoapertures (NAs) to localize the electromagnetic field at a subwavelength scale was exploited to engineer the H removal process in dilute nitrides at the nanometer level. Dilute nitride semiconductor alloys (e.g. GaAsN with a small percentage of nitrogen) are characterized by peculiar optoelectronic properties and, most importantly, by an even more peculiar response to hydrogen incorporation. In this class of materials, it is indeed possible to tune post-growth the alloy bandgap energy by a controlled incorporation of hydrogen atoms. The formation of N-H complexes neutralizes all the effects N has on the host matrix, among which is the strong narrowing of bandgap energy. In the present work, bowtie NAs resonant to the N-H complex dissociation energy were numerically modeled by finite element method simulations, realized by a lithographic approach, and characterized by scanning probe microscopy and resonant scattering spectroscopies. The conditions to get the maximum field enhancement at a specific position below the metal/semiconductor interface, namely at the dilute nitride quantum well position, were identified, demonstrating the ability to achieve a plasmon-assisted spatially selective hydrogen removal in a GaAsN/GaAs quantum well sample. Hydrogen removal through bowtie NAs turns out to be way more efficient (approximately two orders of magnitude) than through the plain surface, thus indicating that bandgap engineering through plasmonic nanostructures can be optimized for future efficient realization of site-controlled single-photon emitters and for their deterministic integration in plasmonic devices.
Stereoselective synthesis of sugar mimetics from simple monosaccharides
Authors: Jarosz Sławomir , Tiara Karolina , Potopnyk Mykhaylo A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A number of bicyclic imino- and carba-sugars (examples are presented in the Scheme) can be obtained from simple monosaccharides (hexoses or pentoses) by various methods.