bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biasing Buckling Direction in Shape‐Programmable Hydrogel Sheets with Through‐Thickness Gradients
Authors: Zhou Ying , Duque Carlos M. , Santangelo Christian D. , Hayward Ryan C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA photocrosslinkable poly(N, N′‐diethylacrylamide) copolymer allows for the photolithographic fabrication of hydrogel sheets with nonuniform crosslinking density and swelling ratio. Using this material system, different 3D shapes with nonzero Gaussian curvature K are successfully programmed by prescribing a “metric” defined by in‐plane variations in swelling. However, this methodology does not control the direction of buckling adopted by each positive K feature, and therefore cannot controllably select between different isometric shapes defined by a single metric. Here, by introducing gradients in swelling through the thickness of the gel sheet by tuning the absorption of the UV‐light used for crosslinking, a preferential buckling direction is locally specified for each feature by the direction of UV exposure. By also controlling the strength of coupling between neighboring features, this is shown to be an effective method to program buckling direction of each unit within a canonical corrugated surface shape.
Phase‐Change Materials Based Nanoparticles for Controlled Hypoxia Modulation and Enhanced Phototherapy
Authors: Zhang Shichao , Li Qinzhe , Yang Nan , Shi Yunhao , Ge Wei , Wang Wenjun , Huang Wei , Song Xuejiao , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTumor hypoxia strengthens tumor resistance to different therapies especially oxygen involved strategies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, the thermal responsive phase change materials (PCM) are utilized to coencapsulate ultrasmall manganese dioxide (sMnO2) and organic photosensitizer IR780 to obtain IR780‐sMnO2‐PCM nanoparticles for controlled tumor hypoxia modulation and enhanced phototherapy. The thermal responsive protective PCM layer can not only prevent IR780 from photodegradation, but also immediately release sMnO2 to decompose endogenous H2O2 and generate enough oxygen for PDT under laser irradiation. Owing to the efficient accumulation of IR780‐sMnO2‐PCM nanoparticles in tumor under intravenous injection as revealed by both florescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging, the tumor hypoxia is greatly relieved. Furthermore, in vivo combined photothermal therapy (PTT) and PDT, IR780‐sMnO2‐PCM nanoparticles, compared to IR780‐PCM nanoparticles, exhibit better performance in inhibiting tumor growth. The results highlight the promise of IR780‐sMnO2‐PCM in controlled modulation of tumor hypoxia to overcome current limitations of cancer therapies.
A Conductive/Ferroelectric Hybrid Interlayer for Highly Improved Trapping of Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shaoqiong , Qin Xianying , Liu Yuanming , Zhang Lihan , Liu Dongqing , Xia Yue , Zhu Hua , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are catching intensive worldwide attention for the outstanding energy density, low‐cost, and nontoxic nature of sulfur. However, the very limited lifespan and rate performance of Li–S systems originating from dissolution and diffusion of long‐chain polysulfides in liquid electrolytes, as well as the intrinsic poor conductivity of sulfur, severely hinder their practical application. Herein, an electrospinning and subsequent dipping and drying method is developed here to fabricate a duplex architecture consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer and BaTiO3 (BTO)‐decorated carbon nanofibers (BTO@CNFs), and it is used as a multifunctional interlayer for Li–S batteries. The 3D interwoven CNFs with conductive pathways for both electrons and ions can enhance the contact between polysulfides with BTO nanoparticles and promote the reuse of inactivated sulfur. Additionally, the ferroelectric BTO nanoparticles adhered on CNFs can realize a highly robust trapping to polysulfides via the extremely polar interaction. Moreover, the surface rGO layer can act as a textural barrier to intercept the shuttling polysulfides. Consequently, the modified Li–S batteries with the rGO/BTO@CNF interlayer deliver superior electrochemical performance of 865 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.3 C and a rate capability of 672 mAh g−1 at 3 C.
Purple to Yellow Silicone Elastomers: Design of a Versatile Sensor for Screening Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Ogliani Elisa , Skov Anne Ladegaard , Brook Michael A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntioxidants play a key role in counteracting the adverse effects of oxidative stress in human organisms. Thus, there is a huge demand for the development of smart and convenient assays for the evaluation of antioxidant activity of synthetic and natural compounds, food samples, plant extracts, etc. The design of a solid‐state, flexible, and portable format of the traditional in vitro 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical test is reported. For the first time, purple DPPH radicals are physically immobilized into a silicone matrix by means of a facile and rapid process. The working principle of the resulting sensor is based on the colorimetric process that is associated with the redox reaction of DPPH radicals with antioxidants. When an antioxidant reacts with the sensor, a color change from purple to yellow can be perceived by the naked eye. The response of the sensor is investigated qualitatively and quantitatively toward food samples and selected antioxidants of different natures, and solubilized in different media. It is demonstrated that the DPPH silicone sensor is highly versatile and can be used as a ready‐to‐use sensor for direct colorimetric detection of antioxidants.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyprolines and 3‐Hydroxypipecolic Acids via Ketoreductase‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Reduction
Authors: Prier Christopher K. , Lo Michael M.‐C. , Li Hongming , Yasuda Nobuyoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report a practical enzymatic approach for the stereoselective synthesis of hydroxylated cyclic amino acids. Using ketoreductases, cyclic ketoesters are converted with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity to all isomers of 3‐hydroxyproline and 3‐hydroxypipecolic acid via a dynamic kinetic reduction reaction. This work highlights the ability of enzymes to provide solutions to challenges in stereoselective synthesis.magnified image
Exploring London Dispersion and Solvent Interactions at Alkyl–Alkyl Interfaces Using Azobenzene Switches
Authors: Strauss Marcel A. , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInteractions on the molecular level control structure as well as function. Especially interfaces between innocent alkyl groups are hardly studied although they are of great importance in larger systems. Herein, London dispersion in conjunction with solvent interactions between linear alkyl chains was examined with an azobenzene‐based experimental setup. Alkyl chains in all meta positions of the azobenzene core were systematically elongated, and the change in rate for the thermally induced Z→E isomerization in n‐decane was determined. The stability of the Z‐isomer increased with longer chains and reached a maximum for n‐butyl groups. Further elongation led to faster isomerization. The origin of the intramolecular interactions was elaborated by various techniques, including 1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that there are additional long‐range interactions between n‐alkyl chains with the opposite phenyl core in the Z‐state. These interactions are most likely dominated by attractive London dispersion. This work provides rare insight into the stabilizing contributions of highly flexible groups in an intra‐ as well as an intermolecular setting.
Halloysite Nanoclay/Biopolymers Composite Materials in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Naumenko Ekaterina , Fakhrullin Rawil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiocompatible materials for the fabrication of tissue substitutes are crucially important in the advancement of modern medicinal biotechnology. These materials, to serve their function, should be similar in physical, chemical, biological, and structural properties to native tissues which they are aimed to mimic. The porosity of artificial scaffolds is essential for normal nutrient transmission to cells, gas diffusion, and cell attachment and proliferation. Nanoscale inorganic additives and dopants are widely used to improve the functional properties of the polymer materials for tissue engineering. Among these inorganic dopants, halloysite nanotubes are arguably the most perspective candidates because of their biocompatibility and functional properties allowing to enhance significantly the mechanical and chemical stability of tissue engineering scaffolds. Here, this vibrant field of biotechnology for regenerative medicine is overviewed.
Microbial Production of Hydrogen by Mixed Culture Technologies: A Review
Authors: Wang Shaojie , Zhang Ting , Bao Meidan , Su Haijia , Xu Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith its high energy content and clean combustion, hydrogen is recognized as a renewable clean energy source with enormous potential. Biological hydrogen production is a promising alternative with significant advantages over conventional petroleum‐derived chemical processes. Sustainable hydrogen production from renewable resources such as cassava, wastewater, and other agricultural waste is economically feasible for industrial applications. So far, the major bottlenecks in large‐scale biological hydrogen production are the low production rate and yield. This review discusses the various factors that affect the metabolic pathways of dark hydrogen production, and highlights the state‐of‐the‐art development of mixed culture technology. The aim of this review is to provide suggestions for the future directions of mixed culture technology, as well as by‐product valorization in dark fermentation.
Glucose release from lentil flours digested in vitro: The role of particle size
Authors: Kathirvel Priya , Yamazaki Yuka , Zhu Wenxi , Luhovyy Bohdan L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesRegular intake of pulses has been shown to offer numerous health benefits, including improved glycemic control. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro carbohydrate digestion rate of raw, baked, and moist‐heat cooked lentil flours of varying particle sizes: coarse (710–1,190 μm), regular (355–710 μm), fine (180–355 μm), very fine (80–180 μm), and superfine (<80 μm) over 180 min using the Englyst method.FindingsThere was an effect of particle size (p < .05), time (p < .05), and a particle size‐by‐time interaction (p < .05) on glucose release in raw, baked, and moist‐heat cooked lentils flours digested in vitro over 180 min. The magnitude of glucose release was lower for the coarse compared to finer grinds (p < .05) in raw, baked, and moist‐heat cooked samples and could be attributed to the lower starch damage, lower amounts of available carbohydrates, and higher amounts of resistant starch.ConclusionsThe larger particle size of lentil flour is associated with reduced glucose release upon simulated gastrointestinal digestion which was partially retained after baking or moist‐heat cooking.Significance and noveltyThis is the first study demonstrating that lentil flours varying in their average particle sizes have distinct content of resistant and available carbohydrates that may predict their glycemic properties.
Ethylene Oligomerization over SiO2−Al2O3 Supported Ni2P Catalyst
Authors: Shin Mi , Suh Young‐Woong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSilica‐alumina supported Ni2P catalysts with a co‐catalyst LiAlH4 exhibited a higher reaction rate and improved productivity for ethylene oligomerization to higher olefins owing to the phosphorus and oxygen surrounding nickel. This catalyst system possesses characteristics of active homogeneous and heterogeneous Ni‐containing catalysts previously reported for ethylene oligomerization.
Biodegradable Conducting Polymer Coating to Mitigate Early Stage Degradation of Magnesium in Simulated Biological Fluid: An Electrochemical Mechanistic Study
Authors: Jamali Sina S. , Moulton Simon E. , Zhao Yue , Gambhir Sanjeev , Forsyth Maria , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe application of a biodegradable conducting polymer coating based on a polythiophene composite (PTC) to mitigate degradation of magnesium in an in vitro environment is reported. The rationale behind the study is to advance a bioactive coating to control the rapid early stage degradation of the magnesium and prevent inflammatory reactions and physiological complications, while, in the long term, the coating degrades, followed by the full degradation of the magnesium implant. The conducting polymer in this study is deposited on a bioabsorbable medical grade magnesium alloy, AZNd, through layer‐by‐layer deposition, and the degradation behavior in simulated biological fluid is studied electrochemically. The possibility of a synergistic effect by combining praseodymium conversion coating together with the conducting polymer coating in protecting magnesium is also examined. Results show that the highest level of corrosion mitigation is afforded by the combination of praseodymium conversion and the conducting polymer coating layers. Electrochemical models are advanced to explain the electroactivity of the conducting polymer across the film as well as at the interface with electrolyte and substrate. Based on the physical and electrochemical evidence, the barrier effect is proposed as the main protection mechanism.
The Origin of High Activity of Amorphous MoS2 in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Longfei , Longo Alessandro , Dzade Nelson Y. , Sharma Akhil , Hendrix Marco M. R. M. , Bol Ageeth A. , de Leeuw Nora H. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Hofmann Jan P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is a collaborative research effort involving experiments by L. Wu, A. Sharma, M. Hendrix, A. A. Bol, E. Hensen, and J. P. Hofmann (Eindhoven University of Technology) as well as A. Longo (European Synchrotron ESRF), and theoretical modelling from N. Dzade and N. De Leeuw (Utrecht and Cardiff Universities). The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201901811.
Vascular plant species of the Kingdom of Tonga by vegetation type, species origin, growth form, and dispersal mechanism
Authors: Fall Patricia L. , Drezner Taly Dawn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this research is to compile a database of vascular plants found in the Kingdom of Tonga in western Polynesia, a phyto‐geographic subregion of the South Pacific. The Tongan islands are spread over ~600,000 km2 of the Pacific Ocean between 15–23° S latitude and 173–177° W longitude. The archipelago is comprised of 171 islands with an aggregate land area of about 720 km2. Since there is no comprehensive or updated flora for Tonga, we use 143 published sources to compile a database for 1,020 plant species, of which more than 450 are indigenous to these islands. Tonga is noteworthy for its low proportion of endemics, accounting for <5% of the indigenous species and <2% of the total plant species. Our database documents species presence in Tonga as a whole, and more specifically on 11 Tongan islands or island groups. We have assembled ecological information for each plant species according to growth form, vegetation type, origin (endemic, indigenous, and introduced species), and dispersal mechanisms. We include introduced species in our database because they represent over half of the plant species growing in Tonga. Species origins reflect human alteration of Tongan ecosystems in which endemic and indigenous species represent pre‐human vegetation and introduced species indicate plants brought by either Polynesian or European settlers. For example, on Tongatapu, the largest and longest occupied island, more than half the plants are introduced, whereas on the sparsely populated, more remote islands, 70–90% of the species are indigenous. Dispersal mechanisms, which may include more than one mechanism per species, are documented in over 100 publications. Our database provides information on the whole suite of plant dispersal mechanisms over entire communities or island groups in Tonga. Plant species dispersal differs across environmental variables, including island geology, topography, vegetation type, and species origin. The older limestone islands have more bird, water, and human‐dispersed plants, while the youngest volcanic islands have the most wind‐dispersed species. Our database documents plant species endemism, introductions, vegetation types and dispersal mechanisms that reveal key biogeographic dynamics of the Tongan archipelago in the South Pacific. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication, presentation, or teaching activities. There are no copyright restrictions.
Human monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells impair B‐cell phenotype and function in vitro
Authors: Jaufmann Jennifer , Lelis Felipe J.N. , Teschner Annkathrin C. , Fromm Katja , Rieber Nikolaus , Hartl Dominik , Beer‐Hammer Sandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key regulators of immunity that initially have been defined by their ability to potently suppress T‐cell responses. Recent studies collectively demonstrate that the suppressive activity of MDSCs is not limited to T cells, but rather affects a broad range of immune cell subsets. However, relatively few studies have assessed the impact of MDSCs on B cells, particularly in the human context. Here, we report that human monocytic MDSCs (M‐MDSCs) significantly interfere with human B‐cell proliferation and function in vitro. We further show that the inhibition occurs independent of direct cell‐contact and involves the expression of suppressive mediators such as indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO), arginase‐1 (Arg1), and nitric oxide (NO). In addition, our studies demonstrate that the suppression of B cells by M‐MDSCs is paralleled by a skewing in B‐cell phenotype and gene expression signatures. M‐MDSCs induced the downregulation of key surface markers on activated B cells, including IgM, HLA‐DR, CD80, CD86, TACI, and CD95. Concurrently, M‐MDSCs but not conventional monocytes elicited alterations in the transcription of genes involved in apoptosis induction, class‐switch regulation, and B‐cell differentiation and function. In summary, this study expands our understanding of the regulatory role of M‐MDSCs for human B‐cell responses.
Enhanced Electrochemical Determination of Catechol and Hydroquinone Based on Pd Nanoparticles/Poly(Taurine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Koçak Çağrı Ceylan , Koçak Süleyman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere, Pd nanoparticles and poly(taurine) film was prepared on the glassy carbon electrode surface (Pd/Poly(TAU)/GCE) by the rapid electrochemical technique. The proposed composite surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Enhanced electron transfer ability and higher electroactive surface area were achieved at Pd/Poly(TAU)/GCE as compared to the bare GCE and polymer film electrode. The new and highly stable Pd/Poly(TAU)/GCE was employed for the individual and simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol which were environmentally toxic. Under the optimized conditions, HQ and CC were individually determined by using the differantial pulse voltammetry in the linear ranges of 0.008–100 μM and 0.001–100 μM with the detection limits of (LOD) 2.1 nM and 0.68 nM, respectively. In case of simultaneous determination, LODs were found as 10 nM and 0.88 nM for HQ and CC, respectively. The content of both analytes in the real sample analysis was evaluated in the river water and tap water successfully.
Characterization of in vitro neural functional connectivity on a neurofluidic device
Authors: Shen Xuefei , Wu Jiaxi , Wang Zhengfei , Chen Tao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of functional connectivity in neural system is of great benefit to lot of researches and applications. Microfluidics and microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been frequently utilized for in vitro neural cultures study. However, there are few studies on the functional connectivity of neural cultures grown on a microfluidic chip. It is intriguing to unveil the influences of microfluidic structures on in vitro neuronal networks from the perspective of functional connectivity. Hence, in the present study, a device was established, which comprised a microfluidic chamber for cell growth and a MEA substrate for recording the electrophysiological response of the neuronal networks. The network topology, neural firing rate, neural bursting rate and network burst frequency were adopted as representative characteristics for neuronal networks analysis. Functional connectivity was estimated by means of cross‐covariance analysis and graph theory. The results demonstrated that the functional connectivity of the in vitro neuronal networks formed in the microchannel has been apparently reinforced, corresponding to improve neuronal network density and increased small‐worldness.
Association between perinatal anemia and postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study of Japanese women
Authors: Maeda Yuto , Ogawa Kohei , Morisaki Naho , Tachibana Yoshiyuki , Horikawa Reiko , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the association between postpartum depression (PPD) and anemia in each stage of pregnancy as well as in the postpartum period.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted between May 2010 and November 2013 at a tertiary hospital in Japan. In total, 1128 women were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at postpartum week 4 and a blood test was performed in the second trimester (24–28 weeks of gestation), third trimester (35–36 weeks of gestation), and postpartum week 1. The primary outcome was PPD, defined as an EPDS score of 9 or higher. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate the association between anemia and PPD for each period. Additionally, trend analysis was conducted to determine if there was a linear association between maternal hemoglobin concentration and PPD.ResultsPostpartum anemia was significantly associated with increased PPD risk (adjusted odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.17–2.26) whereas anemia in the second and third trimesters was not. Similarly, a significant inverse association was observed between the quintiles of maternal hemoglobin levels in the puerperium and the PPD risk (P value for trend 0.004).ConclusionPostpartum anemia was associated with an increased risk of PPD.
“Reading Is Important,” but “I Don't Read”: Undergraduates’ Experiences With Academic Reading
Authors: Gorzycki Meg , Desa Geoffrey , Howard Pamela J. , Allen Diane D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractQualitative data analysis from open‐ended comments written by 206 undergraduates illustrates student attitudes, beliefs, and practices that reveal an academic reading paradox. Consistently, undergraduates report that reading is valuable, yet their noncompliance with reading assignments suggests otherwise. Undergraduates report that they achieve their academic goals with little reading and that they perceive reading as too voluminous and irrelevant to class outcomes. The data highlight a misalignment between conventional academic expectations that undergraduates will read in scholarly ways and their actual academic reading practice. Qualitative analysis illustrates that students do not experience academic reading as a venue for scholarly engagement in disciplinary discourse. Whereas the academic reading literature proposes that students develop along a continuum from novice to expert reader, findings suggest that the undergraduate experience of academic reading is not representative of that continuum.