bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topography enhances Runx2 expression in outgrowing cells from iPS cell‐derived embryoid bodies
Authors: Al‐Wahabi Akram , Ser‐Od Tungalag , Inoue Kenji , Nakajima Kei , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Inoue Takashi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effect of differing polystyrene substrate topographies on the osteogenic potential of the outgrowing cells (OGCs) formed from mouse‐induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (miPSCs)‐derived embryoid bodies (EBs) was investigated. Polystyrene substrates were sandblasted with 25, 50, and 150 μm aluminum oxide particles to obtain topographies with average Sa values of 0.6, 1.1, and 1.8 μm, respectively. 3D‐SEM was used to evaluate substrate's topographies. Examination was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), by immunocytofluorescence (ICF) analysis for vinculin, Runx2 and collagen type I, and by quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis for Runx2 and collagen type I. SEM and ICF analyses revealed that surface roughness caused cells elongation (2, 6, 8, 10 times for the NT, 0.6 μm, 1.1 μm, and 1.8 μm, respectively). Vinculin staining demonstrated how the Sa value affected cellular attachment to the substrate. FA points were randomly distributed on flat surfaces, but rough surfaces resulted in more concentrated FA points on the podia of the cells (11.7, 25.2, 26.7, 16.6 vinculin spots per 20 μm2 for the NT, 0.6 μm, 1.1 μm, and 1.8 μm, respectively). qRT‐PCR revealed that Runx2 expression was highest on day 16 on surfaces with Sa of 0.6 μm and 1.1 μm. Collagen type I expression increased from day 0 to day 16, no significance was found among the groups. In conclusion, surface topography affects cell shape and expression of early osteogenic potential in OGC, particularly surfaces with Sa values of 0.6 μm and 1.1 μm which showed the highest concentration of FA points on podia. These findings could be utilized in the development of inner surface topographies of scaffolds used with iPSCs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2288–2296, 2019.
One‐Pot Knoevenagel–Michael–Cyclization Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Functionalized Novel 4H‐pyrans by Using ZnCl2 as a Catalyst
Authors: Khan M. Musawwer , Saigal  , Khan Sarfaraz 
Published: February 2019

An expedient and cost‐effective protocol has been developed for the synthesis of novel 2‐methyl‐6‐(methylamino)‐5‐nitro‐4‐(4‐aryl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate derivatives. This domino, one‐pot, three‐component reaction was carried out between β‐ketoesters, aromatic aldehydes, and (E)‐N‐methyl‐1‐(methylthio)‐2‐nitroethenamine (NMSM) in the presence of 30 mol% anhydrous ZnCl2 under the neat condition at 120°C. The synthesized 4H‐pyran derivatives were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, CHNS, and HRMS. The molecular structure of compound methyl‐2‐methyl‐6‐(methylamino)‐5‐nitro‐4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate 4a was confirmed by the single crystal X‐ray analysis. This solvent‐free protocol has several advantages such as shorter reaction time, an inexpensive catalyst, good yields, simple workup, and column‐free purification.
A lambda‐shaped retractor lentis muscle in the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus
Authors: Miyazaki Taeko , Kato Akari , Ikenaga Takanori , Hagio Hanako , Yamamoto Naoyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe identified a morphologically uncommon piscine retractor lentis muscle in the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus. This lentis muscle has a shape similar to the Greek small letter lambda (λ). The two legs of the muscle are attached to the retinal periphery at the ventral eyecup, while the tip is connected to the lens surface by a ligament. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fibers of the lentis muscle run along the length of both the anterior and posterior legs. Immunolabeling with antiacetylated tubulin antibody and neuronal tracing with DiI of the whole lentis muscle revealed that the anterior leg is innervated by one or more nerves. The topographic distribution of ganglion cells in the retina was investigated to identify the visual axis. Three high cell density areas were observed in the dorso‐temporal, ventro‐nasals and ventro‐temporal retina. These findings suggest that the λ‐shaped lentis muscle may enable accommodatory movement of the lens toward the temporal as well as the nasal and/or ventral retina.
Cleavable Surfactants: A Comparison between Ester, Amide, and Carbonate as the Weak Bond
Authors: Stjerndahl Maria , Lundberg Dan , Chauhan Vinay , Bordes Romain , Holmberg Krister 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCleavable surfactants, i.e., surfactants in which a weak bond has deliberately been inserted into the molecule, are of interest when remaining surface‐active material at a surface can cause problems. Ester and amide bonds are established as week linkages in surfactants but these generate an acid when they hydrolyze. For some applications, acidic degradation products are unwanted. Surfactants with a carbonate bond between the polar headgroup and the hydrophobic tail are of interest for such purposes. In this article, we compare the physical–chemical properties of nonionic carbonate surfactants with those of the corresponding ester and amide surfactants. The half‐lives of the different cleavable surfactants are also compared and it was found that a carbonate bond is slightly more stable to alkaline hydrolysis than an ester bond when present in otherwise identical structures. A nonionic Gemini surfactant with a carbonate bond in the spacer, which on hydrolysis decomposes into two identical single‐tailed nonionic amphiphiles, is also presented. The hydrolysis kinetics for this surfactant was studied in some detail and it was found that it degrades much faster at low temperature than at higher temperature. This anti‐Arrhenius type of hydrolysis kinetics is proposed to be due to the reverse solubility versus temperature behavior of ethoxylated surfactants.
Application of magnetized MOF‐74 to phthalate esters extraction from Chinese liquor
Authors: Wang Tiefeng , Zhang Ruiqi , Li Di , Su Ping , Yang Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, magnetized MOF‐74 (Ni) was prepared using an ultrasound‐assisted synthesis method. This novel functional magnetic adsorbent was characterized using various techniques. Using the prepared material as adsorbents, a magnetic solid‐phase extraction method coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was proposed for determining four phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples. The extraction parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and eluent type and volume, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1.53–200 μg/L for diphenyl phthalate, 2.03–200 μg/L for butyl benzyl phthalate, 7.02–200 μg/L for diamyl phthalate, and 6.03–200 μg/L for dicyclohexyl phthalate, with correlation coefficients > 0.9944, low limits of detection (0.46–2.10 μg/L, S/N = 3), and good extraction repeatability (relative standard deviations of 3.7%, n = 6). This method was successfully used to analyze phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples with recoveries of 74.4–104.8%. Two phthalate esters were detected in two samples, both at concentrations that satisfied the Chinese national standard, indicating this method has practical application prospects. The extraction efficiency of this method was also compared with conventional solid‐phase extraction using commercial C18 cartridges. The results demonstrated that the proposed magnetic solid‐phase extraction is a simple, time‐saving, efficient, and low‐cost method.
Histoanatomical structures of laryngeal atresia: Functional considerations
Authors: Fayoux Pierre , Devisme Louise 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo study the histoanatomical structure of laryngeal atresia with a focus on the laryngeal functional components in order to evaluate the functional prognosis of laryngeal atresia repair.MethodsTwenty‐one consecutives cases of laryngeal atresia were diagnosed at our institution between 2009 and 2016. Morphological analysis by macroscopic exam during autopsy was performed in 19 cases. Histological study of the larynx included hematoxylin and eosin staining and protein S100 immunostaining. Our analysis focused on the vocal folds, structures of the lamina propria, cricoarytenoid joints, muscles, and innervation. For each case, associated malformations were classified into two groups: severe and moderate.ResultsAntenatal diagnosis was suspected because of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome in nine cases (37%).Associated malformations were present in 19 cases (90%), including severe malformations in 12 cases (57%). Atresia involved the cricoid in all cases, with a residual lumen in only one case and the glottis in 18 cases. Separation between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages was observed in all cases. Fusion of the vocal process of the arytenoids in the midline was present in 13 cases.According to the gestational age, posterior maculae flavae (MF) were present in 17 of 19 cases, with abnormal structure and median fusion in 13 cases. Anterior MF were present in nine of 18 cases, with fusion on the midline in five cases.Intrinsic abductors and adductors muscles were identifiable in all cases, with fusion of thyroarytenoids muscles in the midline in 18 cases. Both recurrent laryngeal nerves were observed in all cases.ConclusionLaryngeal atresia is generally associated with other malformations, with a high risk of fatal outcomes. We observed that the functional structures of the glottic plane were present in most cases, with the exception of MF, which were frequently abnormal.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:252–256, 2020
Effects of deregulation and performance on government accountability: Role of trust in Korea, Japan, and the United States
Authors: Hwang Kwangseon 
Published: February 2019

Public administration has been struggling to address the balance between conflicting government values. Trust in the study is employed as nodal value to reconcile modern management dilemma concerning conflicting relationships between performance and accountability and between discretion and accountability. Using 2012 International Social Survey Program data, this paper analyzed the moderator and mediator role of government trust among discretion, performance, and accountability in cases of South Korea, Japan, and the United States.This study used factor analysis and ordinary least square multiple regression analysis. The statistical results partially confirmed the hypotheses regarding the mediating and moderating role of trust: (a) the moderating effect of the trust on the relationship between performance and accountability in South Korea; (b) the moderating impact of the trust on the relationship between deregulation and accountability in Japan; and (c) when governments work well, it leads to high level of trust, in turn followed by high accountability in the United States and Japan.
Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points in Poststroke Patients With Painful Shoulders: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Villafañe Jorge H. , Lopez‐Royo Maria P. , Herrero Pablo , Valdes Kristin , Cantero‐Téllez Raquel , Pedersini Paolo , Negrini Stefano 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundIn patients with stroke, hemiplegic shoulder pain can be a major problem. One source of shoulder pain can be myofascial trigger points (MTrPs).ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and the correlation between MTrPs and pain and function in patients presenting with shoulder pain following a stroke.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingDepartment of Physical Therapy.PatientsFifty patients with stroke with shoulder pain.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe prevalence of the MTrPs located in infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, and upper trapezius was studied, using the diagnosis criteria recommended by Simons et al. The pressure pain threshold was also evaluated. Pain and function were assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scale, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of latent MTrPs was 68%, 92%, 40%, and 62% for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and upper trapezius muscle, respectively. The prevalence of active MTrPs was 34%, 50%, 12%, and 20% for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and upper trapezius muscle, respectively. Pain was moderately correlated with the prevalence of latent MTrPs (r = 0.35; P = .01) and active MTrPs (r = 0.31; P = .03) in the supraspinatus muscle. Disability was measured with the DASH scale and was moderately correlated with latent MTrPs in the infraspinatus (r = 0.31; P = .03) and active MTrPs of the supraspinatus (r = 0.32; P = .02).ConclusionsThis study shows that the prevalence of MTrPs is high in patents following a stroke. MTrPs in this population are moderately associated with pain and function.Level of EvidenceII.
Strength and Motion in the Shoulder, Elbow, and Hip in Softball Windmill Pitchers
Authors: West Amy M. , Scarborough Donna Moxley , McInnis Kelly C. , Oh Luke S. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSoftball pitching is a ballistic, complex movement that requires an underhand windmill motion to create force and ball velocity. In addition to proper pitch biomechanics, upper and lower extremity strength and joint motion likely contribute to ball location accuracy and velocity. Yet, the number of studies reporting muscle strength and joint range of motion among softball pitchers is scarce.ObjectiveTo assess differences between throwing and nonthrowing shoulder, elbow, and hip (lead and trail leg) strength and range of motion (ROM) in high school and collegiate level softball windmill pitchers.DesignCross‐sectional study.ParticipantsThirty‐three female softball pitchers (24 high school, 9 collegiate) were recruited from local teams.MethodsGoniometric joint ROM and handheld dynamometer strength measurements of the bilateral shoulders, elbows, and hips were measured.Main Outcome MeasurementsGoniometric joint ROM of the bilateral elbows (flexion, extension), shoulders, and hips (flexion, extension, internal rotation [IR], external rotation [ER]). Handheld dynamometer strength measurements of the bilateral shoulders (flexion, extension, abduction, IR, ER), elbows (flexion, extension), and hips (flexion, extension, IR, ER, abduction).ResultsAcross all pitchers, there was greater shoulder flexion ROM in the nonthrowing limb than in the throwing limb (P = .004). There was greater hip extension in the lead leg than trail leg. Among high school pitchers, there was greater shoulder ER (x = 105.792 ± 7.11) than collegiate pitchers (x = 100.1 ± 6.92), P = .05. There was no difference in total arc of shoulder rotational motion (ER+ IR) between throwing and nonthrowing limbs across all pitchers, nor between high school and collegiate pitchers. Strength measures demonstrated greater throwing limb shoulder abduction (P = .006) and IR strength (P = .001) than the nonthrowing shoulder across all pitchers. Elbow flexion strength was significantly greater than the nonthrowing side (P = .001). No difference was noted in hip strength between lead and trail lower extremities.ConclusionsDeveloping normative data for softball pitchers upper and lower extremity strength and range of motion may allow providers to assess players more comprehensively and identify athletes out of the expected value range. This information may help in guiding strength and conditioning programs for softball pitchers.Level of EvidenceIII
Direct Heteroarylation versus Stille Polycondensation Reaction for the Synthesis of TQ1 Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Akkuratov Alexander V. , Prudnov Fedor A. , Chernyak Alexander V. , Kuznetsov Petr M. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Troshin Pavel A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe report a facile synthesis of the well‐known and highly promising conjugated polymer TQ1 using eco‐friendly direct heteroarylation reaction. Optimization of the reaction conditions yielded the target polymer with good optoelectronic and charge‐transport characteristics. The TQ1 polymer obtained in the direct heteroarylation reaction delivered power conversion efficiency of ∼5% in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells, which matches well the characteristics of the reference devices assembled using TQ1 batch synthesized via conventional Stille polycondensation reaction. The obtained results highlight the potential of the direct heteroarylation reaction as an efficient and environment‐friendly alternative to Stille cross‐coupling in the design of high‐quality semiconductor materials for organic electronics. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 776–782
Systematic coarse‐graining of semicrystalline polyethylene
Authors: Li Yiyang , Agrawal Vipin , Oswald Jay 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn an effort to accelerate simulations exploring deformation mechanisms in semicrystalline polymers, we have created structure‐based coarse‐grained (CG) models of polyethylene and evaluated the extent to which they can simultaneously represent its amorphous and crystalline phases. Two CG models were calibrated from target data sampled from atomistic simulations of supercooled oligomer melts that differ in how accurately they represent the distribution of bond lengths between CG sites. Both models yield semicrystalline morphology when simulations are performed at ambient conditions, and both accurately predict the glass transition and melt temperatures. A thorough evaluation of the models was then conducted to assess how well they represent various properties of the amorphous and crystalline phases. We found that the model that more faithfully reproduces the target bond length distribution poorly represents the crystalline phase, which results from its inability to reproduce correlations in the structural distributions. The second model, which utilizes a harmonic bond potential and thus reproduces the target bond length distribution less accurately, represents the structure and chain mobility within the crystalline phase more realistically. Furthermore, the latter model more faithfully reproduces the vastly different relaxation timescales of the phases, a critical feature for modeling deformation mechanisms in semicrystalline polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2019,57, 331–342
Unexpected Molecular Weight Dependence to the Physical Aging of Thin Polystyrene Films Present at Ultra‐High Molecular Weights
Authors: Thees Michael F. , Roth Connie B. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe physical aging behavior, time‐dependent densification, of thin polystyrene (PS) films supported on silicon are investigated using ellipsometry for a large range of molecular weights (MWs) from Mw = 97 to 10,100 kg mol−1. We report an unexpected MW dependence to the physical aging rate of h < 80‐nm thick films not present in bulk films, where samples made from ultra‐high MWs ≥ 6500 kg mol−1 exhibit on average a 45% faster aging response at an aging temperature of 40 °C compared with equivalent films made from (merely) high MWs ≤ 3500 kg mol−1. This MW‐dependent difference in physical aging response indicates that the breadth of the gradient in dynamics originating from the free surface in these thin films is diminished for films of ultra‐high MW PS. In contrast, measures of the film‐average glass transition temperature T
g(h) and effective average film density (molecular packing) show no corresponding change for the same range of film thicknesses, suggesting physical aging may be more sensitive to differences in dynamical gradients. These results contribute to growing literature reports signaling that chain connectivity and entropy play a subtle, but important role in how glassy dynamics are propagated from interfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1224–1238
Molecular features and expression profiles of octopamine receptors in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Wu Shun‐Fan , Jv Xiao‐Min , Huang Jing‐Mei , Gao Cong‐Fen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOctopamine, the invertebrate counterpart of adrenaline and noradrenaline, regulates and modulates many physiological and behavioral processes in insects. It mediates its effects by binding to specific octopamine receptors, which belong to the superfamily of G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The expression profiles of octopamine receptor genes have been well documented in different developmental stages and multiple tissue types in several different insect orders. However, little work has addressed this issue in Hemiptera.RESULTSIn this study, we cloned four octopamine receptor genes from brown planthopper. The deduced amino acid sequences share high identity with other insect homologues and have the characteristic GPCRs domain architecture: seven transmembrane domains. These genes were expressed in all developmental stages and examined tissues. The expression of NlOA2B3 and NlOA3 was relatively higher in egg and first instar nymph stage than in other stages and other receptor genes. All of these receptor genes were more highly expressed in brain than other tissues.CONCLUSIONThe identification of octopamine receptor genes in this study will provide a foundation for investigating the diverse roles played by NlOARs and for exploring specific target sites for chemicals that control agricultural pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Robust identification of MISO neuro‐fractional‐order Hammerstein systems
Authors: Rahmani Mohammad‐Reza , Farrokhi Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper introduces a multiple‐input–single‐output (MISO) neuro‐fractional‐order Hammerstein (NFH) model with a Lyapunov‐based identification method, which is robust in the presence of outliers. The proposed model is composed of a multiple‐input–multiple‐output radial basis function neural network in series with a MISO linear fractional‐order system. The state‐space matrices of the NFH are identified in the time domain via the Lyapunov stability theory using input‐output data acquired from the system. In this regard, the need for the system state variables is eliminated by introducing the auxiliary input‐output filtered signals into the identification laws. Moreover, since practical measurement data may contain outliers, which degrade performance of the identification methods (eg, least‐square–based methods), a Gaussian Lyapunov function is proposed, which is rather insensitive to outliers compared with commonly used quadratic Lyapunov function. In addition, stability and convergence analysis of the presented method is provided. Comparative example verifies superior performance of the proposed method as compared with the algorithm based on the quadratic Lyapunov function and a recently developed input‐output regression‐based robust identification algorithm.