bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAUMATIC VISION(S) OF THE WAR FROM THE AIR: THE USE AND FUNCTION OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN GERMAN AND BRITISH WORLD WAR II NARRATIVES
Authors: Wunderlich Kathrin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTComparisons between Germany and Britain during WWII remain rare and unusual as a result of the incontrovertible differences between British democracy and the National Socialist dictatorship. Recent historical studies, however, have documented significant parallels between the two countries with regard to the material and physical environment engendered by the aerial bombing campaigns that affected the civilian populations of both Germany and Britain. These studies prompt the question of whether these parallels can be traced in contemporaneous German and British literary representations of the war from the air. This article proposes to locate these parallels in the use and function of figurative language. The first part of the article argues that, in their representation of the war from the air, German and British authors tend to resort to figurative rather than literal descriptions of the sights of war, and in so doing draw predominantly on the same resource realms for their imagery. Rather than dismissing these figurations as mere hallucinations, as has been done in the past, the second part of this article reconsiders them as a precarious mode of seeing, a kind of traumatic vision, conditioned by the sensory impact of the war from the air.
Self‐efficacy of undergraduate dental students in Endodontics within Aarhus and Amsterdam
Authors: Baaij A. , Özok A. R. , Vӕth M. , Musaeus P. , Kirkevang L.‐L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo understand whether the self‐efficacy of undergraduates is associated with the extent of the endodontic education they received.MethodologyData were obtained from three undergraduate endodontic programmes in two universities: Aarhus University (AU), Denmark and the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), the Netherlands. Just before their graduations in 2016 or 2017, students completed a questionnaire that contained the Endodontic General Self‐Efficacy Scale and questions on how they valued the education they received in Endodontics. The information on the number and type of root canal treatments participants had performed on patients was collected from dental clinic management systems. Data were ana‐lysed using non‐parametric tests and multiple regression analyses.ResultsThe median number of treated root canals on patients per student was 5 in the standard programme at ACTA, 10 in AU, and 14.5 in the extended programme at ACTA. Students’ self‐efficacy increased with the number of treated root canals; however, retreatments and root canal treatments in molars were negatively associated with self‐efficacy. All students wanted more experience in performing root canal treatment on patients.ConclusionsThe endodontic self‐efficacy of students from the standard programmes of the two participating universities was comparable. Students’ self‐efficacy was influenced mostly by their clinical experience when performing root canal treatment. It seems that the more root canal treatments students perform on patients, the greater their self‐efficacy is at graduation. However, treating difficult cases (molars and retreatments) might reduce their self‐efficacy.
Coronal root canal morphology of permanent two‐rooted mandibular first molars with novel 3D measurements
Authors: Fu Y. , Deng Q. , Xie Z. , Sun J. , Song D. , Gao Y. , Huang D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo measure the coronal root canal morphology of permanent mandibular first molars using 3D coordinates for more precise conservative endodontic cavity preparation.MethodologyIn total, 57 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of sound mandibular molars with fully formed apices without previous endodontic treatment were taken from 33 patients aged 16 to 75 years. The CBCT machine (MCT‐1[EX‐2F], J. Morita Manufacturing Corp, Kyoto, Japan) provided 14‐bit greyscale images with the voxel size of 0.125 mm. All images were taken at 80 kV and 5.0 mA, with a 17‐s exposure time, which were then reconstructed in 3D models and viewed by an endodontist. The gender of the patients and the tooth position, and number of root canals, were recorded. The landmarks of coronal root canals were determined, then the distribution of landmarks, maximum curvature in the axial direction and curvature directions in the horizontal direction of coronal root canals were measured. Distributions of landmarks were analysed using a spatial statistics method. Data about curvature were compared using a t test.ResultsOverall, the distribution of root canal orifices and the centre of the canal primary curve were more centralized than other landmarks. The landmarks were located more mesiobuccally to the centre of the occlusal plane of mandibular first molars. Specifically, the measurements of the maximum curvature of coronal root canals in the axial direction were as follows: in 3‐canal teeth, the average angles of curvatures were 22°,23°,15° for mesiobuccal (MB), mesiolingual (ML) and distobuccal (DB) canals, respectively; in 4‐canal teeth, the average angles of curvatures were 24°,26°,15°,22°for MB, ML, DB and distolingual (DL) canals, respectively. The degrees of coronal root canal curvatures in the horizontal direction were as follows: in 3‐canal teeth, the average angles of curvatures were −8°,47°,−2° for MB, ML and DB canals, respectively; in 4‐canals teeth, the average angles were −11°,50°,−28°,45° for MB, ML, DB and DL canals, respectively. Statistically, there was no reliable side or sex difference in any of the measurements (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn permanent two‐rooted mandibular first molars, the coronal canals clustered in the direction of the mesiobuccal side of the occlusal surface of the teeth.
Origins of a pervasive, erroneous idea: The “green birefringence” of Congo red‐stained amyloid
Authors: Howie Alexander J. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryCongo red was discovered to stain amyloid by accident in 1922, and Congo red‐stained amyloid was shown to be birefringent on polarization microscopy in 1927. Colours, namely green and yellow, were reported under these conditions in 1945, although these are only two of various anomalous colours that may be seen, depending on the optical set‐up. In 1953 there began a dogmatic insistence that in Congo red‐stained amyloid between crossed polarizer and analyser green alone should be seen, and the finding of any other colour was a mistake. The idea that green, and only green, is essential for the diagnosis of amyloid has persisted almost universally, and virtually all mentions of Congo red‐stained amyloid say that it just shows “green birefringence” or “apple‐green birefringence.” This idea is wrong and is contrary to everyday experience, because green is seldom seen on its own under these conditions of microscopy, and often, there is no green at all. How observers maintain this unscientific position is explained by a study of its historical origins. Most of the early literature was in German or French and was usually quoted in English at second hand, which meant that misquotations, misattributions and misunderstandings were common. Few workers reported their findings accurately, hardly any attempted to explain them, and until 2008, none gave a completely satisfactory account of the physical optics. The history of Congo red‐stained amyloid is an instructive example of how an erroneous belief can become widely established even when it is contradicted by simple experience.
Measuring the social impact of research in Paediatric Dentistry: An Altmetric study
Authors: Garcovich Daniele , Adobes Martin Milagros 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraditional metrics have been extensively used to evaluate the scientific performance. Despite being widespread accepted, citation‐based metrics are not able to describe the social impact of research. A diverse metric, Altmetric, was proposed to overcome those limitations.AimThis study aims to analyse the social impact of research in the field of paediatric dentistry and to assess if a correlation exists between the JCR citations, the AAS score, and the recently released Dimensions citation count.DesignA bibliometric study was conducted on the four journals related to Paediatric Dentistry listed in the JCR from 2014 to 2017. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the articles and the journals. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship among JCR citations, AAS, and Dimensions.ResultsThe percentage of articles with an AAS presents a huge variability and was significantly higher in the International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. In our sample, the correlation between the JCR citation count and the AAS was poor in the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 and low in 2017. The correlation between JCR citation and Dimensions citation count was strong.ConclusionsThe social impact of research in paediatric dentistry can be increased. Dimensions could be an alternative to the JCR. Both the editors and the researcher should change their vision and facilitate the access to research information to scholar and non‐scholar audiences.
Neoteric Mn2+‐activated Cs3Cu2I5 dazzling yellow‐emitting phosphors for white‐LED
Authors: Du Peng , Luo Laihui , Cheng Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeoteric Mn2+‐activated Cs3Cu2I5 yellow‐emitting halides were achieved by the simple solid‐state reaction route. The near‐ultraviolet light was the suitable excitation lighting source for the resultant halides. The resultant halides exhibited bright yellow emission under the excitation of 378 nm and the optimum dopant content was 11 mol%. The multipole‐multipole interaction contributed to the concentration quenching mechanism and the critical distance was 28.65 Å. The thermal resistance of the prepared compounds was identified by the temperature‐dependent emission spectra. Ultimately, the designed light‐emitting diode showed bright white light with satisfied color rendering index, proper color coordinate, and suitable correlated color temperature. These results indicated that the prepared yellow‐emitting halides were suitable for indoor illumination.
NUV light induced visible emission in Er3+‐activated NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 phosphors for green LEDs and thermometer
Authors: Xue Junpeng , Noh Hyeon Mi , Park Sung Heum , Lee Bo Ram , Kim Jung Hwan , Jeong Jung Hyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEr3+‐activated NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 phosphors were synthesized by a traditional solid‐state reaction technique, which exhibited bright green emissions ascribing to the (2H11/2, 4S3/2) → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions under 377 nm excitation. The luminescence intensity increased with increasing the Er3+ ion concentration and achieved its maximum value when the doping concentration was 4 mol%. Moreover, the critical distance was estimated to be 25.32 Å, and the dipole‐dipole interaction played a significant role in NR energy transfer between Er3+ ions in NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 host lattices. At a forward bias current of 100 mA, the Light Emitting Diode (LED) device emitted a bright green emission with the color coordinate of (0.2547, 0.5996) that can be observed by the naked eye. Besides, based on the thermally coupled levels of 2H11/2 and 4S3/2, the temperature sensing performances of the prepared phosphors in the temperature range of 303‐483 K were studied using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique. The maximum sensor sensitivity was about 0.0150 K−1 when the temperature was 483 K, and the Er3+ ion concentration largely influenced the sensor sensitivity of studied samples. Furthermore, the prepared phosphors exhibited excellent water resistance and thermal stability behavior. These characteristics demonstrated that the Er3+ activated NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 phosphors were dual‐functional materials for solid‐state illumination and non‐contact temperature measurement.
Payout policy, financial flexibility, and agency costs of free cash flow
Authors: Oded Jacob 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper explains how firms choose between dividends and open‐market repurchase programs, the prevailing method that firms use to disburse cash today. While earlier theories about payout policy are motivated by signaling, the motivation for payout in this paper is to prevent the waste of free cash by self‐interested insiders. In the model, dividends prevent free cash waste by forcing cash out, but result in underinvestment if the cash paid out is later needed for operations. Open‐market programs stimulate payout by providing personal gains to informed insiders that are associated with the firm's repurchase trade. Yet, they also avoid the underinvestment problem by leaving insiders the option to cancel the payout. Because their execution is optional, however, open‐market programs only partially prevent the waste of free cash. The model provides testable predictions that are generally consistent with the empirical evidence.
Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial conditions in relation to anticoagulation satisfaction among elderly adults with atrial fibrillation: The SAGE‐AF study
Authors: Wang Weijia , Saczynski Jane , Lessard Darleen , Mailhot Tanya , Barton Bruce , Waring Molly E. , Sogade Felix , Hayward Robert , Helm Robert , McManus David D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful anticoagulation is critical for stroke prevention in adults with atrial fibrillation (AF). Anticoagulation satisfaction is a key indicator of treatment success. While physical, cognitive, and psychosocial limitations are common in elderly AF patients, their associations with anticoagulation satisfaction are unknown.ObjectiveExamine whether anticoagulation satisfaction differs among AF patients with and without physical, cognitive, and psychosocial conditions.MethodsThe study comprised AF patients greater than or equal to 65 years old who were prescribed an oral anticoagulant (warfarin 57%; direct oral anticoagulant [DOAC] 43%). Frailty, cognitive function, social support, depressive symptoms, vision, hearing, and anxiety were assessed using validated measures. Anticoagulation satisfaction was measured using the anticlot treatment scale.ResultsParticipants (n = 1037, 50% female) were on average 76 years old. The following conditions were prevalent: frailty (14%), cognitive impairment (42%), social isolation (13%), vision impairment (35%), hearing impairment (36%), depression (29%), and anxiety (24%). Average anticlot treatment burden scale was 55 out of 60 (lower burden scales indicating higher perceived burden). Patients with high perceived burden were older, more likely to be female, and receive warfarin. After adjusting for confounders, visual impairment (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.7 [1.2‐2.4]), depressive symptoms (2.4 [1.6‐3.7]), and anxiety (1.8 [1.2‐2.7]) were significantly associated with high perceived burden. Different conditions were associated with high perceived burden in warfarin vs DOAC users.ConclusionPhysical, cognitive, and psychosocial limitations are prevalent and associated with high perceived anticoagulation burden among elderly AF adults. These conditions merit consideration in anticoagulation prescribing.
Cardiac devices in patients with transthyretin amyloidosis: Impact on functional class, left ventricular function, mitral regurgitation, and mortality
Authors: Donnellan Eoin , Wazni Oussama M. , Saliba Walid I. , Baranowski Bryan , Hanna Mazen , Martyn Michael , Patel Divyang , Trulock Kevin , Menon Venu , Hussein Ayman , Aagaard Philip , Jaber Wael , Kanj Mohamed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to investigate outcomes of patients with ATTR (amyloidosis and transthyretin) CA (cardiac amyloidosis) and implantable devices with respect to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral regurgitation (MR), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and mortality.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational cohort study of 78 patients with ATTR CA and implantable devices. During a mean follow‐up of 42 months we investigated the impact of right ventricular (RV) pacing burden and biventricular (BiV) pacing on LVEF, MR severity, NYHA functional class, and mortality.ResultsWorsening MR occurred in 11% of patients with a RV pacing % <40% compared to 62% of those with a RV pacing burden >40% (P = .002). Similarly, worsening LVEF occurred in 26% of patients who were RV paced <40% and 89% of those who were RV paced >40% of the time (P < .0001) and worsening in NYHA functional class occurred in 22% and 89%, respectively (P < .0001). Improvement in LVEF, NYHA functional class, and MR severity occurred in 78%, 67%, and 67%, respectively, in those with BiV devices. Death occurred in 67% of patients in the cardiac resynchronization therapy group compared to 68% of those with a RV pacing burden <40% and 92% of those with a RV pacing burden >40%.ConclusionA higher RV pacing burden is associated with deleterious remodeling and congestive heart failure in patients with ATTR CA, whereas BiV pacing is associated with improvements in LVEF, NYHA class, and degree of MR. BiV pacing should be considered in patients with ATTR CA and an indication for pacing. However, further larger prospective studies will need to be performed.
Gingiva thickening with a porcine collagen matrix in a preclinical dog model: Histological outcomes
Authors: Schmitt Christian M. , Schlegel Karl Andreas , Gammel Lisa , Moest Tobias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo compare 10‐month histological and immunohistological outcomes after soft tissue thickening around teeth with a porcine collagen matrix (CM) versus a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG).Material and MethodsIn eight beagle dogs, soft tissue thickening of the buccal gingiva of upper canines was performed with the SCTG or the CM. Connective tissue thickness (CTT) was histomorphometrically measured in the augmented regions. The augmented connective tissues were also histologically characterized and the collagen I and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions immunohistologically quantified.ResultsCTT significantly differed between groups (SCTG: 1.32 mm ± 0.44 mm; CM: 1.06 mm ± 0.27 mm; p = .008). Descriptive histological analyses revealed mature connective tissue that did not differ between groups. Immunohistological quantification of collagen I and VEGF expressions in the connective tissue also revealed no significant inter‐group differences (collagen I: SCTG, 32.64% ± 7.09% vs. CM, 30.57% ± 7.83%; VEGF: SCTG, 39.06% ± 7.27% vs. CM, 37.15% ± 9.80%).ConclusionSCTG is superior to CM with regard to CTT in this experimental model. The CM and the SCTG lead to comparable connective tissue quality ten months after connective tissue thickening.
Exploring How to Model Formative Assessment Trajectories of Posing‐Pausing‐Probing Practices: Toward a Teacher Learning Progressions Framework for the Study of Novice Teachers
Authors: Duckor Brent , Holmberg Carrie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA robust body of evidence supports the finding that particular teaching and assessment strategies in the K‐12 classroom can improve student achievement. While experts have identified many effective teaching and learning practices in the assessment for learning literature, teachers’ knowledge and use of “high leverage” formative assessment (FA) practices are difficult to model in novice populations. By employing advances in construct modeling, the theoretical underpinnings of learning progressions research, and four principles of evidence‐centered design, teacher educators along with psychometricians can test hypotheses about teacher learning progressions. Utilizing an FA moves‐based framework, the article examines how beginning teachers’ posing, pausing, and probing practices align with five key strategies of FA. Examples of construct maps, instructional tasks, and turns of talk analysis using scoring guides are provided from an empirical study of novice science preservice teachers in a high‐needs school district.
Controlling sodium release using maltodextrin and octenyl‐succinic‐anhydride‐modified starch with two types of spray‐dryer nozzles
Authors: Cai Jingwen , Lee Youngsoo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractControlling sodium release is a promising way to achieve sodium reduction in foods. Microencapsulation can be effective technique to control sodium release. Maltodextrin and octenyl‐succinic‐anhydride (OSA)‐modified starch were evaluated as carriers to encapsulate NaCl using spray drying technique with two‐fluid and three‐fluid nozzles. The sodium release was measured using a conductivity probe. Increasing the concentration of maltodextrin and OSA‐modified starch decreased Rmax (maximum sodium release rate) and C20, C50, and C150 (sodium concentration at 20, 50, and 150 s, respectively). Generally, the samples spray dried with maltodextrin released sodium in faster rate than the samples with OSA‐modified starch, and samples with two‐fluid nozzle released faster than the ones with the three‐fluid nozzle. This study indicated that the release of sodium could be altered by the type and concentration of carriers and the types of spray‐dryer nozzles, which may provide strategies to reduce sodium content in foods, especially in salty snacks.Practical ApplicationsThis study aims to explore an innovative method to control sodium release and enhance saltiness perception during mastication of crispy salty snacks. It may provide a way to reduce sodium content without altering the flavor of foods. At the same time, the application of a three‐fluid nozzle as a novel spraying technique was examined for encapsulation of NaCl. The information obtained from this study can be used to modify the technique and to expand the application to various core–carrier combinations.
Spray drying of extract from Euterpe oleracea Mart.: Optimization of process and characterization of the açaí powder
Authors: Valente Maria da C. da Costa , do Nascimento Rafael A. , Santana Elza B. , Ribeiro Nielson F. da Paixão , Costa Cristiane M. L. , de Faria Lênio J. G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for spray drying açaí extract using both response surface methodology and desirability function. Drying was based on an experimental design, where air temperature and feed flow were the independent variable. A high yield of açaí powder was obtained, with low‐moisture content and high anthocyanin retention. The desirability function indicated that a temperature of 134°C and a feed flow of 9.00 ml/min constitute the optimal drying conditions (p < .05), under which the yield was 56.22% with high anthocyanin retention (80.99%) and low‐moisture content (2.71 g 100 g−1). Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of spherical particles with average size <10.00 μm, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the nature of the organic dye. The açaí powder was highly soluble (94.38%) and nonhygroscopic (hygroscopicity of 7.87%), indicating its potential as an additive in instant products and beverage industries.Practical applicationsSpray drying is a viable technique for obtaining powdered products with their original characteristics preserved. This study proposes optimized conditions for producing açaí powder. The results indicate high yield, low degradation of anthocyanins, and low‐moisture content, which are fundamental characteristics for application as subsidy for the products of food and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, we suggest the potential use of açaí powder in many applications, including the development of dietary supplements, high‐energy drinks, milk‐based products, and instant and bakery products.