bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrato, Pseudohalo‐Linked Zn(II)/Cd(II) Schiff‐Base Complexes with 1,3‐Diimine Spacer Group: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, DFT, TD‐DFT and Fluorescence Studies
Authors: Majumdar Dhrubajyoti , Dey Swapan , Sreekumar Sreejith S. , Das Sourav , Das Dhiraj , Metre Ramesh K. , Bankura Kalipada , Mishra Dipankar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelf assemblies of (N2O4) salen‐type bi‐compartmental ligand (H2L°Me) [N,N′‐Bis(3‐methoxysalicylidenimino)‐1,3‐diaminopropane] afforded two series of complexes, a trinuclear nitrate [Cd3(L°Me)2(NO3)2] (1) and a dinuclear (η1‐N3) [Zn2(L°Me)(η1‐N3)2(CH3OH)2] (2). Elemental analysis, UV‐visible and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopic methods were employed successfully to characterize the complexes. Single‐crystal X‐ray studies reveal that complex 1 consists of planar trinuclear Cd(II)3 core coordinated by two fully deprotonated dianionic ligands [L1]2− and nitrato (NO3−) bridging but complex 2 is a centrosymmetric hexacoordinated Zn(II) double end‐on azide (η1‐N3) with methanol as co‐ligands. Both complexes satisfied a common 4‐membered M(II)2(μ2‐O)2 basic structural core. Fluorescence properties in DMSO solvent reveal that complexes enhance appreciably the fluorescence behavior over free salen‐type ligand (H2L°Me). Complexes are optimized using Density functional theory calculated at B3LYP/TZVP level of theory to obtain insights into optimized structure, Frontier molecular orbital, Electrostatic potential maps, charge analyses gives an insight into the electronic structure and charge/potential distribution in the molecule etc. which substantiate the experimentally observed supramolecular interactions. Existing different non‐covalent supramolecular interactions have been explained by means of Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint plot analysis. Further theoretical explanations for the observed experimental electronic spectra of both complexes were explained by using Time‐dependent density functional theory level of calculations.
A short travel for neutrinos in Large Extra Dimensions
Authors: Stenico G. V. , Forero D. V. , Peres O. L. G. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Neutrino oscillations successfully explain the flavor transitions observed in neutrinos produced in natural sources like the center of the sun and the earth atmosphere, and also from man-made sources like reactors and accelerators. These oscillations are driven by two mass-squared differences, solar and atmospheric, at the sub-eV scale. However, longstanding anomalies at short-baselines might imply the existence of new oscillation frequencies at the eV-scale and the possibility of this sterile state(s) to mix with the three active neutrinos. One of the many future neutrino programs that are expected to provide a final word on this issue is the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program (SBN) at FERMILAB. In this letter, we consider a specific model of Large Extra Dimensions (LED) which provides interesting signatures of oscillation of extra sterile states. We started re-creating sensitivity analyses for sterile neutrinos in the 3+1 scenario, previously done by the SBN collaboration, by simulating neutrino events in the three SBN detectors from both muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance. Then, we implemented neutrino oscillations as predicted in the LED model and also we have performed sensitivity analysis to the LED parameters. Finally, we studied the SBN power of discriminating between the two models, the 3+1 and the LED. We have found that SBN is sensitive to the oscillations predicted in the LED model and have the potential to constrain the LED parameter space better than any other oscillation experiment for m
1

D

< 0.1 eV. In case SBN observes a departure from the three active neutrino framework, it also has the power of discriminating between sterile oscillations predicted in the 3+1 framework and the LED ones.
A3 foresight network on natural products
Authors: Bai Linquan , Ohnishi Yasuo , Kim Eung-Soo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Discovery and development of natural products (NPs) have played important roles in the fields of human medicine and other biotechnology fields for the past several decades. Recent genome-mining approaches for the isolation of novel and cryptic NP biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) have led to the growing interest in NP research communities including Asian NP researchers from China, Japan, and Korea. Recently, a three-nation government-sponsored program named ‘A3 Foresight Network on Chemical and Synthetic Biology of NPs’ has been launched with a goal of establishing an Asian hub for NP research-&-personnel exchange program. This brief commentary describes introduction, main researchers, and future perspective of A3 NP network program.
Evolution of Escarpments, Pediments, and Plains in the Noachian Highlands of Mars
Authors: Cawley Jon C. , Irwin Rossman P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtensive Noachian‐aged intercrater planation surfaces comprise much of the southern highlands of Mars. We mapped aggradational and stable to degradational surfaces in three study areas with diverse relief elements and ages: the high and rugged relief of Libya Montes, the well‐preserved intercrater plains of Noachis Terra, and the rolling relief with more drainage development in Terra Cimmeria. Here we describe four major geomorphic features that formed in these regions: debris‐mantled escarpments, regolith pediments, sloping aggradational surfaces, and depositional plains. We interpret that with tectonic stability and an arid paleoclimate, these features supported slow pedogenesis, sediment transport, and diagenesis over hundreds of millions of years during heavy impact bombardment. Slow aqueous weathering generated primarily fine‐ or medium‐grained particles from basaltic surfaces of impact ejecta and megabreccia. These sediments were collected in local lows, reducing surface roughness, permeability, and populations of small craters. Larger crater walls and structural escarpments retreated radially or linearly as ~5–20° slopes, indicating efficient removal of fine‐ or medium‐grained debris but little downslope transport of coarse material by fluvial erosion or creep. Gently to moderately sloping, composite intercrater planation surfaces evolved as regolith pediments with tectonic stability and little fluvial dissection. Noachian impact craters degraded in place on pediments and became embayed or buried on basin floors. The concentration of aggradational surfaces in low‐lying areas, lack of coarse‐grained alluvial fans in most locations, and resistance to later eolian deflation suggest intermittent low‐magnitude (hypo‐)fluvial erosion with aqueous cementation or development of a lag in basins.
Overview of Spirit Microscopic Imager Results
Authors: Herkenhoff Ken E. , Squyres Steve W. , Arvidson Raymond E. , Cole Shoshanna B. , Sullivan Rob , Yingst Aileen , Cabrol Nathalie , Lee Ella M. , Richie Janet , Sucharski Bob , Bell James F. , Calef Fred , Chapman Mary , Edgar Lauren , Franklin Brenda , Geissler Paul , Hurowitz Joel , Jensen Elsa , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Kirk Randy , Lanagan Peter , Leff Craig , Maki Justin , Mullins Kevin , Redding Bonnie , Rice Melissa , Sims Michael , Soderblom Larry , Spanovich Nicole , Springer Richard , Sunda Annette , Vaughan Alicia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of Mars Exploration Rover Spirit Microscopic Imager (MI) operations and the calibration, processing, and analysis of MI data. The focus of this overview is on the last five Earth years (2005–2010) of Spirit's mission in Gusev crater, supplementing the previous overview of the first 450 sols of the Spirit MI investigation. Updates to radiometric calibration using in‐flight data and improvements in high‐level processing are summarized. Released data products are described, and a table of MI observations, including target/feature names and associated data sets, is appended. The MI observed natural and disturbed exposures of rocks and soils as well as magnets and other rover hardware. These hand‐lens‐scale observations have provided key constraints on interpretations of the formation and geologic history of features, rocks, and soils examined by Spirit. MI images complement observations by other Spirit instruments, and together show that impact and volcanic processes have dominated the origin and evolution of the rocks in Gusev crater, with aqueous activity indicated by the presence of silica‐rich rocks and sulfate‐rich soils. The textures of some of the silica‐rich rocks are similar to terrestrial hot spring deposits, and observations of subsurface cemented layers indicate recent aqueous mobilization of sulfates in places. Wind action has recently modified soils and abraded many of the rocks imaged by the MI, as observed at other Mars landing sites.
CDF modelling for the optimum tilt and azimuth angle for PV installations: case study based on 26 different locations in region of the Yorkshire UK
Authors: Dhimish Mahmoud , Mather Peter , Holmes Violeta , Sibley Martin 
Published: November 2018

The optimum tilt and azimuth angle for PV installations in 26 different locations within the county of Yorkshire, UK have been evaluated. In order to examine the performance of the PV systems, a selection of criteria has been identified as follows: (i) the maximum difference in the age of the PV installations is no older than two years, (ii) PV modules technology is crystalline‐Silicon (c‐Si), (iii) maximum area of study in each location is 20 km2, and (iv) PV systems have either the same tilt or azimuth angle within ±2°. The Huddersfield area was used as the primary example to evaluate the proposed methodology. The optimum tilt and azimuth angle for PV installations in the area is 39° and −1° respectively. Moreover, based on 4 kWp PV installations observed in all studied locations, a geographical map representing the annual energy production in the 26 locations has been drawn. The maximum annual energy production is observed for the city of Hull, whereas the minimum observed for the town of Keighley. Finally, the evaluation of the overall annual energy production is discussed using the analysis of the direct normal irradiance (DNI), ambient temperature, air frost, and the cloudiness.
Revisiting the magnetization of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Heinisch P. , Auster H.-U. , Richter I. , Glassmeier K. H. 
Published: November 2018

Context. The landing of the Philae probe as part of the ESA Rosetta mission made it possible to study the magnetization of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) by combining observations from the lander and orbiter. In this work, we revisit the magnetic properties with information gained during the progression of the mission for a comprehensive understanding of the circumstances of Philae’s descent and landing.
Aims. The aim is to derive a limit for any possible magnetization of the cometary material on the surface of 67P. To achieve this, the surface contacts of Philae were analyzed. Combined with a more detailed understanding of the background magnetic field, this allows us to interpret the underlying magnetic measurements in detail.
Methods. We combined magnetic field observations from the ROMAP magnetometer on board Philae with observations from the RPC-MAG instrument on board the Rosetta orbiter. To facilitate this, a correlation analysis was used to correct phase shifts between the observed signals. Additionally, in-flight calibration of the ROMAP offsets was performed using information about the dynamics of Philae during flight. These corrections made it possible to use the orbiter measurements as reference for the comet-based Philae observations. We assumed a simple dipole model and used the magnetic field observations to derive an upper limit for the magnetization of the cometary material.
Results. An upper limit of 0.9 nT for the observed magnetic field on the surface of 67P was derived for any contribution from surface magnetization. For homogeneously magnetized pebbles with a size of typical aggregates in the range of ~5 cm, this translates into an upper limit of ~5 × 10−5 Am2 kg−1 for the specific magnetic moment. Depending on the exact history of formation, this results in an upper limit of 4 μT for the magnitude of the magnetic field in the solar nebula during the formation of comet 67P.
A Study of Siberia's Medicinal Plants Used in Homeopathy
Authors: Nekratova Anna , Kosmodemyanskiy Leonid 
Published: November 2018

Background A current priority of national health care in Russia is to expand the range of drug substances, based on naturally occurring compounds, to use for treating socially significant diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Objective The main objective of our study was to compile a contemporary list of Siberia's ‘homeopathic plants’, describing for each plant the corresponding therapeutic indications or main symptoms of disease.
Methods The textbook, Global Resources of Homeopathic Medicinal Raw Materials, was used to scrutinize the 709 species that are allowed for use in Russia, designating each of the 709 as either indigenous or non-indigenous to the region of Siberia. A homeopathic repertory, containing description of more than 1,800 single-component homeopathic medicines, was used to identify Siberia's medicinal plants used in homeopathy, along with the medical indications of each.
Results The medicinal plants of Siberia used in homeopathy comprise 137 species of flowering plants, gymnosperms and sporophytes, belonging to 52 families. The most represented are the Compositae, Rosaceae, and Lamiaceae families.
Conclusion The inventory of Siberian plants has allowed us to identify the plants of this region used in homeopathy and will help to inform research on additional species with the potential for introduction into homeopathic practice.
Ephrin-B1, -B2, and -B4 Expression is Decreased in Developing Diaphragms and Lungs of Fetal Rats with Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Takahashi Toshiaki , Friedmacher Florian , Zimmer Julia , Puri Prem 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is assumed to originate from a malformation of the amuscular mesenchymal component of the primordial diaphragm. Mutations in ephrin-B1, a membrane protein that is expressed by mesenchymal cells, have been found in newborn infants with CDH and associated pulmonary hypoplasia (PH), highlighting its important role during diaphragmatic and airway development. Ephrin-B1, -B2, and -B4 are expressed in fetal rat lungs and have been identified as key players during lung branching morphogenesis. We hypothesized that diaphragmatic and pulmonary expression of ephrin-B1, -B2, and -B4 is decreased in the nitrofen-induced CDH model.
Materials and Methods Time-mated rats received nitrofen or vehicle on day 9 (D9). Fetal diaphragms (n = 72) and lungs (n = 72) were harvested on D13, D15, and D18, and divided into control and nitrofen-exposed specimens. Ephrin-B1, -B2, and -B4 gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescence double staining for ephrin-B1, -B2, and -B4 was combined with mesenchymal and epithelial markers (Gata-4/Fgf-10 and calcitonin gene-related peptide) to evaluate protein expression/localization.
Results Ephrin-B1, -B2, and -B4 gene expression was significantly reduced in pleuroperitoneal folds/primordial lungs (D13), developing diaphragms/lungs (D15), and fully muscularized diaphragms/differentiated lungs (D18) of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared with controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated markedly diminished ephrin-B1 immunofluorescence in diaphragmatic and pulmonary mesenchyme of nitrofen-exposed fetuses on D13, D15, and D18 compared with controls, whereas ephrin-B2 and -B4 expression was mainly decreased in distal airway epithelium.
Conclusion Decreased ephrin-B1, -B2, and -B4 expression may disrupt diaphragmatic development and lung branching morphogenesis by interfering with epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, thus causing diaphragmatic defects and PH.
Effect of auto-tempering on the cold roll-ability of medium-Mn steel
Authors: Nam Jae-Hoon , Yu Sang-Hyun , Lee Young-Kook 
Published: November 2018

Recently, medium-Mn steels have attracted attention for high-strength automotive components. However, because they exhibit martensitic microstructure at room temperature, low cold roll-ability is concerned so that annealing or tempering is often performed before cold rolling. Therefore, we investigated whether cold roll-ability can be improved by adjusting coiling condition in the hot rolling process. For comparison, some specimens were water-quenched or air-cooled after hot rolling. While the water-quenched specimen revealed cracks at ∼30% cold reduction, air-cooled and coiling-simulated specimens at high reductions above ∼68%. This is because the latter had lower and wider ranged hardness values compared to the former due to partial auto-tempering occurring after coiling. The higher coiling temperature caused higher cold roll-ability probably due to the active recovery of austenite. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels.
Endosperm enzyme activity is responsible for texture and eating quality of cooked rice grains in Japanese cultivars
Authors: Iijima Ken , Suzuki Keitaro , Hori Kiyosumi , Ebana Kaworu , Kimura Keiichi , Tsujii Yoshimasa , Takano Katsumi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTEating quality of cooked rice grains is an important determinant of its market price and consumer acceptance. To comprehensively assess the variation of eating-quality traits in 152 Japanese rice cultivars, we evaluated activities of eight endosperm enzymes related to degradation of starch and cell-wall polysaccharides. Endosperm enzyme activities showed a wide range of variations and were lower in recently developed cultivars than in landraces and old improved cultivars. Activities of most endosperm enzymes correlated significantly with the eating-quality score and surface texture of cooked rice grains. Principal component analysis revealed that rice cultivars with high eating-quality scores had high stickiness of the grain surface and low levels of endosperm enzyme activities. These results suggest that endosperm enzyme activities control texture and eating quality of cooked rice grains in Japanese rice cultivars.
Identification of a gene cluster for biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene antibiotic, heptelidic acid, in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Shinohara Yasutomo , Nishimura Ikuko , Koyama Yasuji 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Heptelidic acid (HA), a sesquiterpene lactone, is a known inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Recently, we found that HA was produced by Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 and acted as the growth inhibitor of the salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria in soy sauce brewing. Although several decades have passed since the discovery of HA, the genes involved in its biosynthesis and biosynthetic pathway have not yet been fully identified. In this study, we identified the HA biosynthetic gene cluster (HA cluster) using gene disruption and expression analysis. We also revealed that two transcription regulatory genes adjacent to the HA cluster were responsible for the expression of HA biosynthetic genes in A. oryzae. Interestingly, the HA cluster contained a gene encoding GAPDH (gpdB), which showed much higher resistance to HA than the GAPDH gene (gpdA) located at the other locus, but which did not seem to act as a self-resistant gene.
Web search volume as a surrogate of public interest in biodiversity: a case study of Japanese red list species
Authors: Kim Ji Yoon , Noda Akira , Im Ran-Young , Nishihiro Jun 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
: Citizen science has contributed substantially to the quantity of biodiversity data collections and is used as an essential monitoring scheme for global conservation studies. However, there remain large gaps in the geographic and taxonomic coverage of data collections, and different levels of interest in participation and uneven distribution of participants can result in biased data collection in citizen science programs. These issues must be addressed for more efficient use of citizen science-based biodiversity data. We compared web search volumes with citizen-collected occurrence data of Japanese Red List species.

Outcomes:
Uneven distribution of web search volumes with different taxa was correlated with the amount of data collected by citizen-volunteered programs. Moreover, the relative web search volumes and amounts of citizen-collected data showed similar spatial patterns at the province level.
Conclusion:
Overall, our results indicate that web search volume can indirectly reflect potential citizen participation or interest in particular species. Web search behavior can help project coordinators estimate potential citizen engagement and refine efficient citizen participation programs for biodiversity conservation.
Individual and Social Factors Related to Trajectories of Blackouts among Underage Drinkers in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bonar Erin E , Goldstick Jason E , Cunningham Rebecca M , Fernandez Anne C , Davis Alan K , Ilgen Mark A , Walton Maureen A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Aims
Alcohol-related blackouts can result in acute injuries and other negative outcomes. Among underage risky drinkers, we examined longitudinal trajectories of blackout frequency following an emergency department (ED) visit, and identified baseline characteristics associated with blackout trajectory membership.

Methods
Participants (ages 14–20; N = 836) attending an ED who screened positive for risky drinking and enrolled in a randomized-controlled trial of brief alcohol interventions were assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months. We used group-based trajectory modeling to determine characteristic trajectories of blackout frequency over 12-months in relation to baseline characteristics: demographics, substance use, delinquency, depression/anxiety symptoms, sexual assault, dating violence, and peer and sibling influences.

Results
We identified four groups: No/Low blackouts (n = 248; 29.7%), Declining blackouts (n = 92; 11.0%), Moderate blackouts (n = 337; 40.3%) and High blackouts (n = 159; 19.0%); group membership did not differ based on intervention receipt. In adjusted analyses, compared to the No/Low group all other groups had higher odds of having an alcohol-related baseline ED visit. Female sex, alcohol consumption, prescription drug misuse, sexual assault while incapacitated due to substances, and negative peer influences were positively associated with membership in the High group; College/Greek life involvement was also highest. Negative peer influences and being in high school (vs. College/Greek life) also distinguished the Moderate group.

Conclusion
Blackout frequency was largely stable over time and riskier trajectories were marked by risk factors such as negative peer influences and college/Greek life involvement. Findings may inform targeted interventions, particularly for women who were in higher risk trajectories.