bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol optical characteristics and their vertical distributions under enhanced haze pollution events: effect of the regional transport of different aerosol types over eastern China
Authors: Sun Tianze , Che Huizheng , Qi Bing , Wang Yaqiang , Dong Yunsheng , Xia Xiangao , Wang Hong , Gui Ke , Zheng Yu , Zhao Hujia , Ma Qianli , Du Rongguang , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The climatological variation of aerosol properties and the planetary
boundary layer (PBL) during 2013–2015 over the
Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region were investigated by employing ground-based Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) and CE-318
sun-photometer observations. Combining Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared
Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite products, enhanced haze pollution events affected by
different types of aerosol over the YRD region were analyzed through vertical structures, spatial distributions, backward
trajectories, and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) model. The results show that aerosols in the YRD are
dominated by fine-mode particles, except in March. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) in June and September is higher due to
high single scattering albedo (SSA) from hygroscopic growth, but it is lower in July and August due to wet deposition from
precipitation. The PBL height (PBLH) is greater (means ranging from 1.23 to 1.84 km) and more variable in the
warmer months of March to August, due to the stronger diurnal cycle and exchange of heat. Northern fine-mode pollutants
are brought to the YRD at a height of 1.5 km. The SSA increases, blocking the radiation to the surface, and cooling
the surface, thereby weakening turbulence, lowering the PBL, and in turn accelerating the accumulation of pollutants,
creating a feedback to the cooling effect. Originated from the deserts in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, long-range
transported dust masses are seen at heights of about 2 km over the YRD region with an
SSA440 nm below 0.84, which heat air and raise the PBL, accelerating the diffusion of dust
particles. Regional transport from biomass-burning spots to the south of the YRD region bring mixed aerosol particles at
a height below 1.5 km, resulting in an SSA440 nm below 0.89. During the winter, the
accumulation of the local emission layer is facilitated by stable weather conditions, staying within the PBL even below
0.5 km.
Reflected ray retrieval from radio occultation data using radio holographic filtering of wave fields in ray space
Authors: Gorbunov Michael E. , Cardellach Estel , Lauritsen Kent B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Linear and non-linear representations of wave fields constitute the basis of
modern algorithms for analysis of radio occultation (RO) data. Linear
representations are implemented by Fourier Integral Operators, which allow
for high-resolution retrieval of bending angles. Non-linear representations
include Wigner Distribution Function (WDF), which equals the pseudo-density
of energy in the ray space. Representations allow for filtering wave fields
by suppressing some areas of the ray space and mapping the field back from
the transformed space to the initial one. We apply this technique to the
retrieval of reflected rays from RO observations. The use of reflected rays
may increase the accuracy of the retrieval of the atmospheric refractivity.
Reflected rays can be identified by the visual inspection of WDF or
spectrogram plots. Numerous examples from COSMIC data indicate that
reflections are mostly observed over oceans or snow, in particular over
Antarctica. We introduce the reflection index that characterizes the relative
intensity of the reflected ray with respect to the direct ray. The index
allows for the automatic identification of events with reflections. We use
the radio holographic estimate of the errors of the retrieved bending angle
profiles of reflected rays. A comparison of indices evaluated for a large
base of events including the visual identification of reflections indicated
a good agreement with our definition of reflection index.
Effects of short-term variability of meteorological variables on soil temperature in permafrost regions
Authors: Beer Christian , Porada Philipp , Ekici Altug , Brakebusch Matthias 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Effects of the short-term temporal variability of meteorological variables on
soil temperature in northern high-latitude regions have been investigated.
For this, a process-oriented land surface model has been driven using an
artificially manipulated climate dataset. Short-term climate variability
mainly impacts snow depth, and the thermal diffusivity of lichens and
bryophytes. These impacts of climate variability on insulating surface layers
together substantially alter the heat exchange between atmosphere and soil.
As a result, soil temperature is 0.1 to 0.8 ∘C higher when
climate variability is reduced. Earth system models project warming of the
Arctic region but also increasing variability of meteorological variables and
more often extreme meteorological events. Therefore, our results show that
projected future increases in permafrost temperature and active-layer
thickness in response to climate change will be lower (i) when taking into
account future changes in short-term variability of meteorological variables
and (ii) when representing dynamic snow and lichen and bryophyte functions in
land surface models.
Google Earth Pro, Panoramio e Youtube como auxílio ao reconhecimento de knickpoints em afluentes dos rios das Velhas e Paraopeba, em Minas Gerais / Google Earth Pro, Panoramio and YouTube as an aid to recognition of the knickpoints in tributaries (...)
Authors: Henriques Renata Jordan , Valadão Roberto Célio 
Published: March 2018

<p>Os elementos constituintes da rede hidrográfica que compõem a superfície terrestre são fundamentais na investigação da morfogênese e morfodinâmica das formas de relevo. Nesse contexto se destacam as rupturas de declividade – os <em>knickpoints – </em>presentes nos perfis longitudinais dos principais afluentes do trecho centro-sul do divisor hidrográfico entre as bacias dos rios das Velhas e Paraopeba, em Minas Gerais. Na investigação desses <em>knickpoints</em>, objeto de análise neste trabalho, foram empregados na identificação da geometria das rupturas por modelos digitais de elevação, imagens orbitais disponibilizadas no <em>Google Earth Pro</em>, fotografias arquivadas no <em>Panoramio</em> e vídeos compartilhados pela plataforma <em>Youtube</em>. Os resultados indicaram rupturas que geram cachoeiras, corredeiras, além de alguns <em>knickpoints</em> utilizados para a construção de barragens. Esse conjunto de recursos se revelou eficiente na identificação e caracterização de <em>knickpoints </em>em canais fluviais, bem como exerceu papel fundamental no planejamento de trabalhos de campo, conduzidos a posteriori.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> geomorfologia fluvial, geotecnologias, perfil longitudinal fluvial.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The elements of the hydrographic network that make up the terrestrial surface are fundamental in the investigation of the morphogenesis and morphodynamics of the relief forms. In this context, the slope ruptures - the knickpoints - present in the longitudinal profiles of the main tributaries of the central-south section of the hydrographic divisor between the Velhas and Paraopeba river basins in Minas Gerais. In the investigation of these knickpoints, object of analysis in this work, were used to identify the geometry of the ruptures by digital elevation models, orbital images available in Google Earth Pro, photographs archived in the Panoramio and videos shared by the Youtube platform. The results indicate ruptures that generate waterfalls, stretches of fast flow, and some knickpoints used for dam construction. This set of resources proved efficient in the identification and characterization of knickpoints in fluvial channels, as well as played a fundamental role in the planning of fieldwork, conducted in the future.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: fluvial geomorphology, geotechnologies, longitudinal river profile.</p>
La tecnologia nella direttiva sul lavoro agile
Authors: Signorini Elena 
Published: March 2018

<p><strong>Riassunto</strong> Il testo affronta le modalità con cui il legislatore italiano ha cercato di conciliare le esigenze di vita con le esigenze di lavoro nell’ambito della pubblica amministrazione. Il tema affrontato sotto il profilo del <em>digital divide</em> evidenzia le misure ideate per perseguire l’intento conciliativo. Esso si sofferma sulle due modalità intorno alle quali le riflessioni si rincorrono: il telelavoro ed il lavoro agile introdotto nel panorama italiano con la legge n. 81 del 2017.</p><p><strong>Parole chiave </strong>Amministrazione pubblica, conciliazione tempi di vita tempi di lavoro, telelavoro, lavoro agile, potere di controllo, potere disciplinare</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong>This paper studies the ways in which the Italian legislator has tried to reconcile the needs of life with the needs of work in the public administration. The topic dealt with in terms of the <em>digital divide</em> highlights the measures designed to pursue the conciliatory intent. It focuses on the two ways around which the reflections follow each other: teleworking and agile work introduced in the Italian panorama with the law n. 81 of 2017. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords </strong>Public administration, reconciliation of working time, working time, teleworking, agile work, power of control, disciplinary power<strong></strong></p>
Deep learning for conflicting statements detection in text
Authors: Lingam Vijay , Bhuria Simran , Nair Mayukh , Gurpreetsingh Divij , Goyal Anjali , Sureka Ashish 
Published: March 2018

Background. Automatic contradiction detection or conflicting statements detection in text consists of identifying discrepancy, inconsistency and defiance in text and has several real world applications in questions and answering systems, multi-document summarization, dispute detection and finder in news, and detection of contradictions in opinions and sentiments on social media. Automatic contradiction detection is a technically challenging natural language processing problem. Contradiction detection between sources of text or two sentence pairs can be framed as a classification problem.
Methods. We propose an approach for detecting three different types of contradiction: negation, antonyms and numeric mismatch. We derive several linguistic features from text and use it in a classification framework for detecting contradictions. The novelty of our approach in context to existing work is in the application of artificial neural networks and deep learning. Our approach uses techniques such as Long short-term memory (LSTM) and Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe). We conduct a series of experiments on three publicly available dataset on contradiction detection: Stanford dataset, SemEval dataset and PHEME dataset. In addition to existing dataset, we also create more dataset and make it publicly available. We measure the performance of our proposed approach using confusion and error matrix and accuracy.
Results. There are three feature combinations on our dataset: manual features, LSTM based features and combination of manual and LSTM features. The accuracy of our classifier based on both LSTM and manual features for the SemEval dataset is 91.2%. The classifier was able to correctly classify 3204 out of 3513 instances. The accuracy of our classifier based on both LSTM and manual features for the Stanford dataset is 71.9%. The classifier was able to correctly classify 855 out of 1189 instances. The accuracy for the PHEME dataset is the highest across all datasets. The accuracy for the contradiction class is 96.85%.
Discussion. Experimental analysis demonstrate encouraging results proving our hypothesis that deep learning along with LSTM based features can be used for identifying contradictions in text. Our results shows accuracy improvement over manual features after applying LSTM based features. The accuracy results varies across datasets and we observe different accuracy across multiple types of contradictions. Feature analysis shows that the discriminatory power of the five feature varies.
Differences in expression density and molecular weight of CR1-Like in erythrocytes of landrace swine
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yin Wei , Wang Chun , Jia Ruipu , Fan Kuohai , Sun Na , Sun Yaogui , Li Hongquan 
Published: March 2018

Background. Porcine erythrocytes express complement receptor 1-like (CR1-like), which is involved in immune adherence.
Methods. In this study, porcine erythrocyte samples were collected from fifty-five individual Landrace swine to characterize differences in porcine CR1-like. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to examine the porcine differences in CR1-like expression density and immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE and Western blot were performed to detect variations in porcine CR1-like molecular weights.
Results. Different mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of porcine erythrocytes were identified in three groups as 33.016±2.889 (40.0%), 59.974±9.299 (45.5%) and 131.241±8.375 (14.5%). Under reduced condition, three porcine CR1-like molecular weight variants were identified as 85.280±0.935 kDa (9.09%), 123.939±2.752 kDa (14.55%) and 136.696±2.028 kDa (76.36%).
Discussion. CR1-like was dispersed on the surface of porcine erythrocytes and promoted immune adherence. There have been no reports on whether differences in the expression levels and/or molecular weights of CR1-like in erythrocytes represent diversity in different individuals, and if so, whether this diversity influences the immune adherence of erythrocytes and/or whether the diversity is associated with CR1-like polymorphisms. At present, five candidate genes that are related to the differences above were found. Research examining erythrocyte immune adherence and CR1-like genes is under way. These results will provide theoretical data for future studies of the immunological mechanism of CR1-like in porcine erythrocytes.
Analysis of Roadway Traffic Accidents Based on Rough Sets and Bayesian Networks
Authors: Xiong Xiaoxia , Chen Long , Liang Jun 
Published: March 2018

The paper integrates Rough Sets (RS) and Bayesian Networks (BN) for roadway traffic accident analysis. RS reduction of attributes is first employed to generate the key set of attributes affecting accident outcomes, which are then fed into a BN structure as nodes for BN construction and accident outcome classification. Such RS-based BN framework combines the advantages of RS in knowledge reduction capability and BN in describing interrelationships among different attributes. The framework is demonstrated using the 100-car naturalistic driving data from Virginia Tech Transportation Institute to predict accident type. Comparative evaluation with the baseline BNs shows the RS-based BNs generally have a higher prediction accuracy and lower network complexity while with comparable prediction coverage and receiver operating characteristic curve area, proving that the proposed RS-based BN overall outperforms the BNs with/without traditional feature selection approaches. The proposed RS-based BN indicates the most significant attributes that affect accident types include pre-crash manoeuvre, driver’s attention from forward roadway to centre mirror, number of secondary tasks undertaken, traffic density, and relation to junction, most of which feature pre-crash driver states and driver behaviours that have not been extensively researched in literature, and could give further insight into the nature of traffic accidents.
System Model for Autonomous Road Freight Transportation
Authors: Csiszár Csaba , Földes Dávid 
Published: March 2018

Emerging info-communication and vehicle technologies (especially vehicle automation) facilitate evolvement of autonomous road freight transportation. The entire transport system and its operation undergo a major change. New service concepts are growing and the existing ones are being transformed. The changing is particularly significant in city logistics. However, there are debates about the ways of automation of processes targeting improvement of capacity utilisation and decrease of expenditures. The main research questions of the paper are therefore: what properties of the future autonomous freight transportation are presumed; what system structure is to be constructed and how the system is to be operated? After introducing the basic notions and reviews of the current systems and developments, the shifting from traditional freight transportation to autonomous system is investigated by several aspects. A system- and process-oriented analytical modelling method has been applied. The main system constituents and their connections are modelled. Finally, we elaborate the operational model of road freight transportation, which is applicable principally in metropolitan areas. In conclusion, the presentedresults appoint the research and innovation trends towards the automation of freight transportation.
The Philosophical Worth of Liberal Peacebuilding
Authors: Kharisma Muhammad Waffaa 
Published: March 2018

Konsep peacebuilding liberal sering dikaitkan dengan kegagalan upaya liberalisasi pada negara-negara gagal yang dilanda perang, Hal ini berpangkal dari kecenderungan praktik liberal dalam pembangunan perdamaian untuk membingkai dan memperlakukannya sebagai “proyek” liberal dan bukan sebagai upaya peacebuilding utamanya. Artikel ini melihat bahwasanya pembangunan perdamaian liberal layak dipertahankan apabila pembangunan tersebut mengakui dirinya sebagai proyek yang belum selesai. Artikel ini juga menganjurkan agar upaya pembangunan perdamaian lebih difokuskan pada solusi teknis daripada menekankannya sebagai sebuah gagasan ideologis. Peacebuilding liberal selayaknya ditarik dari definisi liberalisme yang lebih murni, terutama dengan memerhatikan gagasan kebebasan positif. Artikel ini dimulai dengan memecah premis dasar pembangunan perdamaian liberal serta menelisik dorongan ideologisnya, khususnya dengan merujuk pada paparan Roland Paris (2010). Lebih lanjut, artikel ini mengevaluasi berbagai kritik dan mengidentifikasi alternatif untuk agenda pembangunan perdamaian liberal. Selanjutnya, artikel ini menyampaikan argumen utama bahwa untuk menjauhkannya dari kritik terhadap pembangunan perdamaian liberal sebagai sebuah “proyek” idelogis, pembangunan perdamaian liberal harus mengurangi ambisi liberalnya dan meninjau lagi titik pandangnya dengan kembali mengenali bahwa liberalisme dalam tubuh gagasannya sendiri memiliki nilai-nilai yang saling bertentangan. Artikel ini kemudian menawarkan untuk memprioritaskan stabilitas di negara pascakonflik dengan berkonsentrasi pada solusi teknis kasus-per-kasus, yang seringkali dikaitkan dengan membangun kapasitas kelembagaan dan memastikan adanya landasan yang dapat menjamin masyarakat lokal menyampaikan tujuan dan kepentingan kolektifnya
Pervasive Eclogitization Due to Brittle Deformation and Rehydration of Subducted Basement: Effects on Continental Recycling?
Authors: Engi Martin , Giuntoli Francesco , Lanari Pierre , Burn Marco , Kunz Barbara , Bouvier Anne‐Sophie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe buoyancy of continental crust opposes its subduction to mantle depths, except where mineral reactions substantially increase rock density. Sluggish kinetics limit such densification, especially in dry rocks, unless deformation and hydrous fluids intervene. Here we document how hydrous fluids in the subduction channel invaded lower crustal granulites at 50–60 km depth through a dense network of probably seismically induced fractures. We combine analyses of textures and mineral composition with thermodynamic modeling to reconstruct repeated stages of interaction, with pulses of high‐pressure (HP) fluid at 650–670°C, rehydrating the initially dry rocks to micaschists. SIMS oxygen isotopic data of quartz indicate fluids of crustal composition. HP growth rims in allanite and zircon show uniform U‐Th‐Pb ages of ∼65 Ma and indicate that hydration occurred during subduction, at eclogite facies conditions. Based on this case study in the Sesia Zone (Western Italian Alps), we conclude that continental crust, and in particular deep basement fragments, during subduction can behave as substantial fluid sinks, not sources. Density modeling indicates a bifurcation in continental recycling: Chiefly mafic crust, once it is eclogitized to >60%, are prone to end up in a subduction graveyard, such as is tomographically evident beneath the Alps at ∼550 km depth. By contrast, dominantly felsic HP fragments and mafic granulites remain positively buoyant and tend be incorporated into an orogen and be exhumed with it. Felsic and intermediate lithotypes remain positively buoyant even where deformation and fluid percolation allowed them to equilibrate at HP.
Multisensor, Microseismic Observations of a Hurricane Transit Near the ALOHA Cabled Observatory
Authors: Butler Rhett , Aucan Jérome 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe generation of microseisms is investigated at the ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO) north of Oahu during the close passage of Hurricane Lester in September 2016. Sensors include a seafloor ALOHA pressure gauge at ACO, KIP seismic data on Oahu, and nearby wave buoys. Examination of frequency‐direction spectra from wave buoys and numerical wave model outputs confirms two separate microseism generation processes: At frequencies <0.225 Hz, the microseisms are generated by swells from Hurricane Lester and Typhoon LionRock traveling in opposite directions in the vicinity of ALOHA. At higher frequencies >0.225 Hz, microseisms are dominated by waves originating from Hurricane Lester. The cross‐over frequency (0.225 Hz) occurs where the ocean wave group velocity matches the Hurricane storm track speed. Correcting for impedance, the spectrogram for energy at ALOHA closely correlates with KIP. When opposing swells meet at a distance from the Hurricane Lester and ACO, the resulting microseisms also spread geometrically in propagation to ALOHA and KIP, effectively equivalent to 1/R2. At the microseism peak, 4 September, the dominant motions of KIP are observed with retrograde particle motion characteristic of Rayleigh modes, in both the radial‐vertical and transverse‐vertical sagittal planes at distances of ≲400 km from the eye. Otherwise, the energy on the transverse component is comparable to the radial component. We hypothesize that the observed transverse energy arises locally: (1) from the extended microseism source region near ACO and (2) and from scattering by dipping structure and anisotropy embedded in the crust during emplacement at the Pacific‐Farallon ridge.