bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivities of Polyphenols from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco
Authors: Ren Jiaoyan , Liao Linfeng , Shang Shuaiming , Zheng Yamei , Sha Wanqian , Yuan Erdong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe polyphenols (PF) from Platycladus Orientalis (L.) Franco leaves were purified by using 10 different macroporous adsorption resins. HPD‐722 resin showed the best adsorption and desorption capacities. The static and dynamic adsorption and desorption of PF on HPD‐722 resin were studied and the total polyphenols were separated into two fractions, PF‐A and PF‐B. PF‐A and PF‐B demonstrated similar scavenging activity of free radical (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion). The scavenging activity of PF‐A and PF‐B on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical reached the equal levels of vitamin C and gallic acid. The IC50 value of PF‐A for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity were 0.50 and 0.56 mg/mL, while those of PF‐B were 0.61 and 0.64 mg/mL. PF‐A and PF‐B could reduce the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, Pro‐IL‐1β, and IL‐6) induced by lipopolysaccharide and their protein expression in THP‐1 cells. PF‐B exhibited better anti‐inflammatory effect than PF‐A in the dosage range of 1.0–4.0 µg/mL. Structural identification of PF‐A and PF‐B were conducted by HPLC‐MS/MS. Ten polyphenol compounds were identified in PF‐A and PF‐B, respectively, by HPLC‐MS/MS, including quercetin, apigenin, myricetin, and so on. Molecular docking studies indicated that apigenin, myricetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin effectively inhibit xanthine oxidase by forming hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues and binding to the active site of the enzyme. The results might supply useful information for better understanding the chemical structure, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities of Platycladuso (L.) Franco leaves polyphenols.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrated that polyphenols from P. orientalis (L.) Franco leaves have the potential applications as functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of gout and inflammation, hyperuricemia and gout.
Impact of thoracic radiation therapy after chemotherapy on survival in extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Deng Lei , Zhou ZongMei , Xiao ZeFen , Chen DongFu , Feng QinFu , Liang Jun , Lv JiMa , Wang XiaoZhen , Bi Nan , Wang Xin , Zhang Tao , Wang WenQing , Wang LvHua 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe role of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) after chemotherapy (CHT) in extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) has not been well defined. We investigated whether intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) improves outcomes in ES‐SCLC after CHT compared to CHT alone.MethodsA total of 292 patients who reached a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) after CHT were assigned into groups: CHT + TRT and CHT alone. Propensity score matching was used to balance patient groups (n = 72 each).ResultsThe five‐year overall survival (OS: 12.3% vs. 3.6%; P < 0.001) and progression‐free survival (PFS: 3.2% vs. 1.7%; P = 0.006) rates were significantly higher in the CHT + TRT group. This data was confirmed in the matched samples (5‐year OS: 10.5% vs. 1.6%, P < 0.001; PFS: 4.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.023). The overall (P = 0.002) and locoregional (P < 0.001) recurrence rates in the CHT + TRT group were significantly lower than in the CHT group. Univariate analysis showed that response evaluation after CHT and TRT were significant prognostic factors of OS. Multivariate analyses revealed that N Stage 0–1 (P = 0.02), > 6 cycles of CHT (P = 0.042), CR + PR after CHT (P < 0.001), and TRT (P < 0.001) were independently associated with longer OS compared to CHT alone.ConclusionTRT using IMRT is strongly correlated with improved OS and PFS in ES‐SCLC patients reaching CR, PR or SD after CHT. A multicenter, randomized phase III clinical trial is needed to confirm these findings.
Expression of phospholipase PLC Zeta in human spermatozoa: impact of cryopreservation
Authors: Moreau J. , Fargeon S. , Gatimel N. , Parinaud J. , Léandri R. D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCryopreservation is used for infertility treatment and for fertility preservation. The results of the use of frozen spermatozoa for ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) are lower than those of fresh spermatozoa. The phospholipase C Zeta (PLCζ) protein is involved in oocyte activation.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the percentage of spermatozoa expressing phospholipase C Zeta protein before and after a frozen‐thawing cycle.Materials and methodsSamples were provided after at least 2 days of sexual abstinence. A part of the fresh ejaculate (200 μL) was recovered for the study. Fifty microliters was necessary to carry out the technique before freezing. The remaining 150 μl was frozen according to a slow manual freezing technique. The samples were treated based on the procedure described by Yelumalai et al. (Fertil. Steril., 104, 2015, 561‐568.e4) and Grasa et al. (Hum. Reprod. Oxf. Engl. 23, 2008, 2513–2522).ResultsFreezing was associated with a decrease in the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting PLCζ (44 ± 22% before vs 31 ± 19% after, p < 0.05). The percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting PLCζ at post‐acrosomal position was significantly greater before freezing (8% vs 5%, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference for the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting PLCζ at equatorial position (15% before freezing versus 12% after thawing, NS).DiscussionThe results of the present study show that the presence of PLCζ on spermatozoa is decreased after freezing–thawing procedures. PLCζ is a soluble cytosolic protein (Nomikos et al., ), so it can be lost during cryopreservation. These membrane alterations are probably multifactorial.ConclusionOur results, in agreement with other studies, raise the hypothesis that cryopreservation reduces spermatic PLCζ expression.
Exploring motivations, attitudes and experiences of oocyte donors: A qualitative study
Authors: Borgstrøm Maria Buhl , Nygaard Siv S. , Danielsen Anne K. , Kesmodel Ulrik S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe demand for fertility treatment with donated oocytes is increasing in many European countries. In order to offer oocyte donors an attractive treatment, it is necessary to understand the views of the donors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how women who donate oocytes describe their motives and attitudes towards oocyte donation, as well as their experiences with oocyte donation.Material and methodsA qualitative study based on individual face‐to‐face interviews with 12 oocyte donors with a donor identity as either anonymous or open. Oocyte donors who had donated oocytes at least once were recruited from the fertility clinic at Herlev University Hospital, Denmark. Data were collected using a piloted, semi‐structured interview guide and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis was handled in NVIVO 11 PRO.ResultsThe analysis resulted in three themes: (1) helping others, (2) the treatment, and (3) being an oocyte donor. The financial compensation had varying degrees of importance for the oocyte donors but was always secondary to the desire to help others. All participants were interested in knowing whether their donation had resulted in pregnancy or birth of a child. Many donors had not gained a full understanding of the realistic outcomes of their donation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that oocyte donors are mainly motivated by altruism, and financial compensation was found to be a secondary motive. Further, political awareness could be directed toward particularly open donors and the need to provide information about the outcome of their donation. Finally, it seems that future oocyte donors, in a treatment with a high need for information, can benefit from clinicians giving more exact information in relation to the probability of the birth of a donor child.
Sonographic lower uterine segment thickness after prior cesarean section to predict uterine rupture: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Swift Brenna E. , Shah Prakesh S. , Farine Dan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionCesarean section rates are increasing with a decrease in the rate of trial of labor after cesarean section. The objective of this study was to systematically review the predictive characteristics of sonographic measurement of lower uterine segment thickness for uterine rupture during labor.Material and methodsThe review was carried out in agreement with PRISMA and SEDATE guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library were searched from 1990 until November 2018. Quality of included studies was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 tool. Data were extracted to construct 2 × 2 tables from each study comparing ultrasound measurement with uterine defect at time of delivery. The data were plotted as a summary receiver‐operating characteristic (SROC) curve using the hierarchical SROC model.ResultsTwenty‐eight observational cohort studies met the selection criteria for inclusion. Sonographic lower uterine segment thickness was measured at a gestational age of 36‐40 weeks in women with a previous cesarean section. The risk of bias and concerns regarding applicability were low among most studies. The sonographic measurement was correlated with either delivery outcome or lower uterine segment thickness at the time of repeat cesarean section. The cut‐off value for lower uterine segment thickness ranged from 1.5 to 4.05 mm across all studies. An association between thin lower uterine segment measurement and uterine dehiscence and uterine rupture was shown in 27 and four studies, respectively. Nineteen studies were included in a meta‐analysis with a subgroup analysis by ultrasound methodology. In the subgroup using the ultrasound methodology associated with uterine rupture, the cut‐off value is more precise (2.0‐3.65 mm) among these 12 studies. There were 18 cases (1.0%) of uterine rupture, 120 (6.6%) of uterine dehiscence and 1674 (92.4%) women with no uterine defect. The SROC curve showed a sensitivity of 0.88 (95% CI 0.83‐0.92) and specificity of 0.77 (95% CI 0.70‐0.83). The negative likelihood ratio was 0.11 (95% CI 0.08‐0.16) and the diagnostic odds ratio was 34.0 (95% CI 18.2‐63.5).ConclusionsLower uterine segment thickness >3.65 mm, measured using a standardized ultrasound technique, is associated with a lower likelihood of uterine rupture.
Should progesterone and estrogen receptors be assessed for predicting the response to conservative treatment of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Saccone Gabriele , Mollo Antonio , De Placido Giuseppe , Insabato Luigi , Zullo Fulvio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionProgestins are used as conservative treatment of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and early endometrial cancer (EEC). We aimed to assess whether immunohistochemical expression of estrogens and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) predicts the treatment response.Material and methodsElectronic databases were searched for studies assessing ER and PR expression in EH and EEC treated with progestins. Relative risk for poor response, sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−) and area under the curve (AUC) on summary receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. Subgroup analyses were based on administration route (oral progestin or levonorgestrel‐intrauterine device) and on histological diagnosis (atypical EH/EEC or non‐atypical EH). Only high accuracy (AUC > 0.9; LR+ >10; LR− <0.1) was considered determining for the clinical practice.ResultsThirteen studies with 635 patients were included in the systematic review. Studies at high risk of bias were excluded from the meta‐analysis. Negative ER expression did not significantly predict poor response (P = 0.16), with low predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.637). Negative PR significantly predicted poor response (P = 0.01), with moderate accuracy (AUC = .806). In the oral progestin subgroup, neither ER (P = 0.55) nor PR (P = 0.18) had significant predictive value. In the levonorgestrel‐intrauterine device subgroup, both ER (P < 0.0001) and PR (P = 0.02) were significantly predictive of good response, although the accuracy was suboptimal (LR+ 6.02 and 2.48, respectively; LR− 0.59 and 0.55, respectively). The atypical EH/EEC subgroup showed non‐significant results. Data about non‐atypical EH were not extractable.ConclusionsER and PR expressions are significantly predictive of response in EH and EEC treated with a levonorgestrel‐intrauterine device but not with oral progestins. However, their accuracy is insufficient to be determining in the clinical practice.
A prospective study on single tooth reconstructions using parallel walled implants with internal connection (NobelParallel CC) and abutments with angulated screw channels (ASC)
Authors: Friberg Bertil , Ahmadzai Mirwais 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundA new implant design was launched in 2015 with internal connection allowing for placement of abutments with angulated screw channels. Such devices may eliminate the use of nonauthentic components, which may present with poor fit and jeopardize the construction. It may also eliminate the use of cemented single‐crowns with the risk for excessive cement to cause marginal bone destruction.PurposeTo evaluate the outcome of a straight‐walled implant with conical connection (NobelParallel CC), when used in the single‐tooth situation of the anterior maxilla. Further, to elucidate the need for an abutment with angulated screw channel (ASC).Materials and MethodsPatients referred for both implant surgery and prosthetics to rehabilitate missing single maxillary incisors/canines. Implants were placed according to a two‐staged surgical procedure. Patients were followed up to delivery of prosthetic crowns with the purpose to extend the study up to 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year follow up. Registrations of implant survival, marginal bone level measurements, hard/soft tissue complications, and the incidence of ASC to avoid the use of nonauthentic components or crown cementation, were performed at the end of the study.ResultsA total of 47 patients were included in the current investigation. One patient deceased during the study period. In all 51 implants were inserted, of which 14 implant sites were bone augmented either prior to implant placement or in connection with the insertion procedure. Further, four remaining teeth were extracted in the region of interest during implant placement. One implant presented with infection and mobility at abutment connection and was consequently removed. Implant survival rate was 98.0%. Mean marginal bone level at crown placement was 0.41 mm (SD = 0.45 mm) and the corresponding measurements at 1 year for 22 implants revealed a marginal bone resorption of 0.41 mm (SD = 0.36 mm). Abutments with angulated screw channels were used in 42/49 sites.ConclusionThe NobelParallel CC implant seemed to work well together with the ASC abutment. No major complications were noted.
T lymphocyte phenotype of contact‐allergic patients: experience with nickel and p‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Wicks Kate , Stretton Clare , Popple Amy , Beresford Lorna , Williams Jason , Maxwell Gavin , Gosling John Paul , Kimber Ian , Dearman Rebecca J. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThere is considerable interest in understanding the immunological variables that have the greatest influence on the effectiveness of sensitization by contact allergens, particularly in the context of developing new paradigms for risk assessment of novel compounds.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between patch test score for three different contact allergens and the characteristics of T cell responses.MethodsA total of 192 patients with confirmed nickel, p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) or methylisothiazolinone (MI) allergy were recruited from the Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit at Salford Royal Hospital. Severity of allergy was scored by the use of patch testing, peripheral blood lymphocytes were characterized for T cell phenotype by flow cytometry, and proliferative activity was characterized by radiolabelled thymidine incorporation. Comparisons were drawn with buffy coat samples from healthy volunteers.ResultsPatch test positivity for nickel, PPD and MI was associated with changes in the phenotype of peripheral blood T cells: increases in naïve cells, decreases in regulatory T cell frequency and the CD4+/CD8hi ratio, and increased expression of the skin‐homing marker cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), particularly for those patients with a +++ patch test score.ConclusionsThis increased understanding of the characteristics of the T cell responses to contact allergens may provide parameters with which to better measure health risks associated with skin sensitization.
Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis caused by lavender: A retrospective study from an Australian clinic
Authors: Bingham Linda J. , Tam Mei M. , Palmer Amanda M. , Cahill Jennifer L. , Nixon Rosemary L. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundLavender is commonly used in aromatherapy and in a broad range of personal and household products. It has been identified as a contact sensitizer, and has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).ObjectivesTo report our experience with contact allergy and ACD caused by lavender, and to raise awareness of lavender as a potential contact allergen.MethodA retrospective database review was performed of patients attending patch testing clinics at the Skin and Cancer Foundation, Victoria, Australia, from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2017.ResultsAmong the 2178 patients patch tested with lavender over this period, a total of 58 positive reactions were recorded in 49 individuals, giving a positive patch test prevalence for patients tested with lavender of 2.2%. Twenty‐seven patients were diagnosed with ACD. The most common sources of exposure to lavender were personal care products and essential oils. Of the patients with ACD, 74% were tested with lavender absolute, with positive results in 90% of cases.ConclusionLavender is an uncommon cause of ACD but is important to consider, given the potential for exposure through the use of personal care items and essential oils.
Conservation or politics? Australia's target to kill 2 million cats
Authors: Doherty Tim S. , Driscoll Don A. , Nimmo Dale G. , Ritchie Euan G. , Spencer Ricky‐John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Australian Government's 5‐year Threatened Species Strategy contains four priority action areas and associated targets. Here, we argue that the well‐publicized target to cull 2 million feral cats has a weak scientific basis because: (1) reliable estimates of Australia's cat population size did not exist when the target was set; (2) it is extremely difficult to measure progress (numbers of cats killed) in an accurate, reliable way; and, most importantly, (3) the cull target is not explicitly linked to direct conservation outcomes (e.g., measured increases in threatened species populations). These limitations mean that the cull target fails to meet what would be considered best practice for pest management. The focus on killing cats runs the risk of distracting attention away from other threats to biodiversity, most prominent of which is widespread, ongoing habitat loss, which has been largely overlooked in the Threatened Species Strategy. The culling target is a highly visible symbol of a broader campaign around feral cat research and management in Australia, rather than a direct indicator of conservation action and success. We are concerned that progress toward the 2 million target could be misinterpreted as progress toward conserving threatened species, when the link between the two is not clear.
Colour‐based foraging diverges after multiple generations under different light environments
Authors: Cole Gemma L. , Lynn Jessica C. B. , Kranz Alexandrea M. , Endler John A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhen the environment changes, sensory systems can adapt plastically or evolve genetically to the new surroundings, and traits and behaviours reliant on these sensory systems may also change, leading to altered evolutionary trajectories. We tested for differences in colour‐based foraging preferences of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) that lived for 6–10 generations under each of three light environments (green, lilac or control) to determine whether evolution under different light environments alters visually based behaviour. When tested in a common light environment, we found differences in pecking behaviour between treatments that were likely due to changes in the visual system. Pecking behaviour towards green stimuli was consistent across light treatments, possibly reflecting the importance of detecting green algae in the wild. The blue stimulus was only pecked at by fish from the control environments. Behaviour towards long wavelength stimuli varied, possibly due to the polymorphic nature of the long wavelength opsins. These results are consistent with one component of sensory drive but do not allow us to conclude whether these differences are due to plastic or evolved responses.
An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits
Authors: Skaala Øystein , Besnier Francois , Borgstrøm Reidar , Barlaup BjørnTorgeir , Sørvik Anne Grete , Normann Eirik , Østebø Britt Iren , Hansen Michael Møller , Glover Kevin Alan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInteractions between domesticated escapees and wild conspecifics represent a threat to the genetic integrity and fitness of native populations. For Atlantic salmon, the recurrent presence of large numbers of domesticated escapees in the wild makes it necessary to better understand their impacts on native populations. We planted 254,400 eggs from 75 families of domesticated, F1‐hybrid, and wild salmon in a river containing up‐ and downstream traps. Additionally, 41,630 hatchery smolts of the same pedigrees were released into the river. Over 8 years, 6,669 out‐migrating smolts and 356 returning adults were recaptured and identified to their families of origin with DNA. In comparison with wild salmon, domesticated fish had substantially lower egg to smolt survival (1.8% vs. 3.8% across cohorts), they migrated earlier in the year (11.8 days earlier across years), but they only displayed marginally larger smolt sizes and marginally lower smolt ages. Upon return to freshwater, domesticated salmon were substantially larger at age than wild salmon (2.4 vs. 2.0, 4.8 vs. 3.2, and 8.5 vs. 5.6 kg across sexes for 1, 2, and 3 sea‐winter fish) and displayed substantially lower released smolt to adult survival (0.41% vs. 0.94% across releases). Overall, egg‐to‐returning adult survival ratios were 1:0.76:0.30 and 1:0.44:0.21 for wild:F1‐hybrid:domesticated salmon, respectively, using two different types of data. This study represents the most updated and extensive analysis of domesticated, hybrid, and wild salmon in the wild and provides the first documentation of a clear genetic difference in the timing of smolt migration—an adaptive trait presumed to be linked with optimal timing of entry to seawater. We conclude that spawning and hybridization of domesticated escapees can lead to (i) reduced wild smolt output and therefore wild adult abundance, through resource competition in freshwater, (ii) reduced total adult abundance due to freshwater competition and reduced marine survival of domesticated salmon, and (iii) maladaptive changes in phenotypic traits.