bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Endogenous Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Interaction Partners and β-Catenin–Independent Targets by Proteomics
Authors: Popow Olesja , Paulo João A. , Tatham Michael H. , Volk Melanie S. , Rojas-Fernandez Alejandro , Loyer Nicolas , Newton Ian P. , Januschke Jens , Haigis Kevin M. , Näthke Inke 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is the most frequently mutated gene in colorectal cancer. APC negatively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by promoting the degradation of β-catenin, but the extent to which APC exerts Wnt/β-catenin–independent tumor-suppressive activity is unclear. To identify interaction partners and β-catenin–independent targets of endogenous, full-length APC, we applied label-free and multiplexed tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry. Affinity enrichment-mass spectrometry identified more than 150 previously unidentified APC interaction partners. Moreover, our global proteomic analysis revealed that roughly half of the protein expression changes that occur in response to APC loss are independent of β-catenin. Combining these two analyses, we identified Misshapen-like kinase 1 (MINK1) as a putative substrate of an APC-containing destruction complex. We validated the interaction between endogenous MINK1 and APC and further confirmed the negative, and β-catenin–independent, regulation of MINK1 by APC. Increased Mink1/Msn levels were also observed in mouse intestinal tissue and Drosophila follicular cells expressing mutant Apc/APC when compared with wild-type tissue/cells. Collectively, our results highlight the extent and importance of Wnt-independent APC functions in epithelial biology and disease.

Implications:
The tumor-suppressive function of APC, the most frequently mutated gene in colorectal cancer, is mainly attributed to its role in β-catenin/Wnt signaling. Our study substantially expands the list of APC interaction partners and reveals that approximately half of the changes in the cellular proteome induced by loss of APC function are mediated by β-catenin–independent mechanisms.
CCR4 Blockade Depletes Regulatory T Cells and Prolongs Survival in a Canine Model of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Maeda Shingo , Murakami Kohei , Inoue Akiko , Yonezawa Tomohiro , Matsuki Naoaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRegulatory T-cell (Treg) infiltration can be targeted as a cancer immunotherapy. Here, we describe therapeutic efficacy of this strategy in a canine model of bladder cancer. We used dogs with naturally occurring bladder cancer to study the molecular mechanism of Treg infiltration into bladder cancer tissues and the effect of anti-Treg treatment. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and their association with prognosis was examined in dogs with bladder cancer. The molecular mechanism of Treg infiltration was explored by RNA sequencing and protein analyses. Murine xenograft experiments and canine studies were used to explore the therapeutic potential of anti-Treg treatment for bladder cancer. We found that tumor-infiltrating Tregs were associated with poor prognosis in dogs bearing spontaneous bladder cancer. Treg infiltration was caused by interaction between the tumor-producing chemokine CCL17 and the receptor CCR4 expressed on Tregs. CCR4 blockade inhibited tumor growth and Treg infiltration into the tissues in a xenograft mouse model. Dogs with spontaneous bladder cancer responded to anti-CCR4 treatment with improved survival and low incidence of clinically relevant toxicities. In human patients with bladder cancer, immunohistochemistry showed that tumor-infiltrating Tregs expressed CCR4. Thus, anti-CCR4 treatment may be a rational approach to test in clinical trials for human patients with bladder cancer.
Hole Detection and Healing in Hybrid Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Kalwaghe Samidha N. , Dusane Atul V. 
Published: June 2019

The emerging technology of wireless sensor network (WSN) is expected to provide a broad range of applications, such as battlefield surveillance, environmental monitoring, smart spaces and so on. The coverage problem is a fundamental issue in WSN, which may cause due to low residual energy of nodes or poor installment. But in order to get full coverage of sensing area Coverage problem must be avoided. If the problem is unavoidable the coverage hole must be healed. Current hole healing algorithms uses complicated hole detection strategies like TENT rule. This project seeks to address the problem of hole detection and healing in mobile WSNs by deploying mobile sensors in the network, which is called hybrid sensor network. An enhanced hole detection and healing method (MHEAL) is proposed. MHEAL is a distributed and localized algorithm that operates in two distinct phases. First, is Distributed Hole Detection (DHD) proposed to identify the boundary nodes and discover holes. Second, is hole healing which uses a virtual forces based hole healing approach where only the nodes located at an appropriate distance from the hole and the nodes having maximum energy will be involved in the healing process. Unlike existing algorithms, proposed algorithm uses QURD based node detection and energy efficient Hole healing and thus solves the problem of hole with 100% coverage, minimum node movements and minimum node distance travelled thus giving a cost efficient solution.
One-Year Healthcare Utilization for Patients That Received Endovascular Treatment Compared With Control
Authors: Kamal Noreen , Rogers Edwin , Stang Jillian , Mann Balraj , Butcher Kenneth S. , Rempel Jeremy , Jeerakathil Thomas , Shuaib Ashfaq , Goyal Mayank , Menon Bijoy K. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Hill Michael D. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
Endovascular therapy has been shown to be highly efficacious based on 90-day modified Rankin Scale score. We examined actual daily healthcare utilization from stroke onset to 1 year afterward from the ESCAPE trial (Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Time) and registry data.

Methods—
We examined patients from Alberta, Canada, that was enrolled into the ESCAPE trial and the Quality Improvement and Clinical Research registry in the 2016/2017 fiscal year. Through data linkages to several administrative data sets, the daily location of each patient was assessed in various healthcare settings.

Results—
A total of 286 patients were analyzed, 52 patients were in the treatment arm, and 47 patients were in the control arm of the ESCAPE trial while 187 patients received endovascular therapy as usual care (2016/2017 fiscal year). The odds of a patient being out of a healthcare setting over 1 year was significantly higher when they received endovascular therapy: 3.46 (1.68–7.30) in ESCAPE trial patients and 2.00 (1.08–3.75) in the Quality Improvement And Clinical Research patients.

Conclusions—
Endovascular therapy significantly reduces healthcare utilization up to 1 year after a stroke.
Transnational Criminal Investigations in Cyberspace: Challenges to National Sovereignty
Authors: Sieber Ulrich , Neubert Carl-Wendelin 
Published: June 2019

The internet has become a major place of business for criminals. Due to the properties of cyberspace, crime committed on or by means of the internet is typically transnational in nature. This poses a significant obstacle for law enforcement authorities. As a rule, transnational exercise of enforcement jurisdiction traditionally constitutes a violation of another State’s territorial sovereignty. But do the same rules apply in the ‘global cyberspace?’
This article examines the applicability of the principle of territorial sovereignty in cyberspace. It rejects solutions that treat cyberspace as a common good and argues that transborder online criminal investigations infringe the territorial sovereignty of the State where the accessed data are located. Consequently, the analysis assesses justifications for such infringements on the basis of international treaty law, customary international law, and circumstances precluding wrongfulness. For the most intricate cases of loss of location, the analysis develops a carefully delimited, new solution based on the principle of necessity. The article also sheds light on future perspectives and advocates for a ‘cooperative cyberspace’ of investigators to counterbalance the unfettered global cyberspace of perpetrators.
Knowledge and Talent Development in the Electronics and Electrical (EE) Industry of Malaysia
Authors: Chin Yee Whah , Lim Ka Tiek , Khoh Soo Beng , Kamaruddin Shahrul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper examines knowledge diffusion, talent development and technology transfer in Malaysia’s electronics and electrical (EE) industry by employing a triangular model comprising the collaboration of the state, industry and the university in Penang’s Free Trade Zone. It examines the government’s policies and initiatives under the Economic Transformation Program (ETP) to rejuvenate Malaysia’s EE sector in the context of neoliberal globalisation. It explores and understands the actual transfer of tacit knowledge at ground level through three case studies which include multinational corporations and local contract manufacturers, a research university, and a newly-established non-profit knowledge institute, designated as Collaborative Research in Engineering, Science and Technology (CREST).
Is There No Such Thing as Non-White Racism?
Authors: Kalunta-Crumpton Anita 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Race-related legislative advances have been made over the years to the advantage of non-Whites. However, this reality is yet to alter mainstream discourses of racism, which have portrayed Whites as having monopoly over the perpetration of racism, arguably because they have systemic/institutional advantage and power to be racist toward non-Whites. This paper argues that racism can be non-institutional, that there is power in non-institutional racism, that non-Whites can utilize non-institutional racism to their advantage, and that racism is not race-specific. With a primary focus on how non-Whites might utilize non-institutional racism, this paper draws on media reports of events of the 2016 presidential election campaigns to demonstrate that the perpetration of racism is no longer a White prerogative, and that the victimization experiences of racism is no longer specific to non-Whites. The paper concludes with a call for these important dynamics of racism to be made salient in academic and public debates.
Peter the Venerable on the Talmud, the Jews, and Islam
Authors: Resnick Irven 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
It is largely for his attack upon the Talmud that Peter the Venerable’s Adversus Iudeorum inveteratam duritiem stands out. Peter is the first medieval Latin author to name the Talmud as such. Having identified the Talmud as a principal source of Jewish error, Peter condemns its influence upon Jews. In their Talmud, Peter the Venerable insists, Jews even declare that God condemns Christians to Hell “because they do not believe in the Talmud.” Peter views the Talmud not only as a source of error for Jews, however, but also for Muslims. Muḥammad wove the Qurʾān in part, Peter insists, out of the filthy cloth of the Jews’ Talmud. Since he claims that Satan is the ultimate source for Talmudic “lies,” he attributes both the Talmud and the Qurʾān to diabolical agency. This paper examines Peter’s view of the Talmud, then, and its deleterious influence upon both Jews and Muslims.
Sites of Controversy: Jews Debating Philosophy between Iberia and Occitania in the Fourteenth Century
Authors: Marvin Tamar Ron 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The extant sources of the Maimonidean controversies demonstrate that medieval Jewish intellectual culture was sited in actual encounters and interactions. Such interactions often took place around the practices of writing, conveying, receiving, and discussing letters, social activities governed by communal norms. Whether in the course of collaborating with co-writers, seeking signatories in support of a proposition contained in the letter text, or congregating at an established meeting to discuss a newly arrived letter, those involved in the controversies were actively, socially engaged in addressing the problems raised by the incompatibility of the Greco-Islamic rationalist tradition with rabbinic principles. Through a careful examination of the rich letter collection Minḥat Qenaʾot from the Maimonidean controversy of 1304–1306, this paper details the modes of encounter among discussants in the acrimonious cultural debate.
Rules Governing the Use of Experts in International Disputes
Authors: Mbengue Makane Moïse , Das Rukmini 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe use of experts before international courts and tribunals is receiving increased attention, bringing into sharp focus the fact that the practices and procedures governing the use of experts in international disputes have been growing somewhat spontaneously, often through case law, rather than through precise primary rules. This article examines the existing legal framework governing expert use, with the aim to study the development of practice through case law, judicial innovation or parties’ initiatives, rather than carefully planned legislative documents. It is also useful to have a comparative view of specific provisions across different statutes and rules – a review that is absent in the existing literature.
Procedural Developments at the International Criminal Court (2017)
Authors: Le Floch Guillaume , Lemey Marie , Paiola Lucie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current column covers selected procedural developments at the International Criminal Court (“ICC”) in 2017. During the reporting period, the Court encountered a certain amount of turmoil. Notably, it was highly criticized by certain States. Nevertheless, this has not prevented the ICC from further developing its jurisprudence, and, indeed, as in recent years, the Court delivered numerous decisions. Concerning the proceedings before the Court, some of them confirmed a long-standing body of case law, whilst others provided useful clarifications on specific topics.
Revisiting Ocean Boundary Disputes in the South Pacific in Light of the South China Sea Arbitration: A Legal Perspective
Authors: Song Lili , Mosses Morsen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article examines three ocean boundary disputes in the South Pacific in light of the South China Sea arbitration. First, we consider whether the Matthew and Hunter Islands, over which France and Vanuatu have made competing claims, are full-fledged islands or rocks and argue that they are likely to be rocks. Second, we discuss the dispute between Fiji and Tonga over the Minerva Reefs. We submit that, if the Minerva Reefs are low-tide elevations as public information in English generally suggests, Tonga’s historic claim to the maritime area around the Minerva Reefs would be inconsistent with the principle of ‘the land dominates the sea’. Third, we examine Tonga’s historic claim to the maritime area within a rectangle boundary defined in Tonga’s 1887 Royal Proclamation and submit that the main difficulty for Tonga to establish such claim is to prove that it has effectively exercised sovereignty over the relevant area.
Singapore
Authors: McCreath Millicent 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article summarises and discusses the main issues addressed at the conference hosted by the Centre for International Law at the National University of Singapore in March 2018 on Climate Change and the Law of the Sea: Adapting the Law of the Sea to Address the Challenges of Climate Change. The conference covered topics including the status and entitlement of offshore features, impacts of sea-level rise on baselines, the content of the LOSC climate change obligations, climate change dispute settlement under the LOSC, and possible ways to develop or adapt the LOSC to address the challenges of climate change.
Making Access to a Population of Bodies in the Name of Autonomy
Authors: Asmussen Ida Helene , Ó Cathaoir Katharina Eva 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Developments within biotechnology are of a pace and complexity that challenge the predictability at the foundation of legislation, i.e. the possibility for politicians to foresee pitfalls and hazards, and design legislation accordingly. The lack of predictability is not only a challenge for the legislature, but also for the citizen, who is to consent to the new biotech services offered by the health authorities. How can one give informed consent to a measure, the consequences of which is hard to predict? Does the uncertainty and lack of predictability mean that paternalism has slipped back in as a ‘self-selected’ responsiveness to the rhetoric of the health regime? Recently, Denmark has taken another step in the direction of voiding autonomy of actual value by rendering genetic analysis contingent on agreeing that the resulting data may be stored in the recently established National Genome Centre, and reused for research unless the patient opts out.
Minority Perception of Police Legitimacy in Finland: The Patterns and Predictors
Authors: Egharevba Stephen 
Published: June 2019

Across the world, minorities are often perceived as social problems in policy formulations and processes in many societies. This perspective gets support from the notion that minorities engage in deviant and criminal behaviour. However, in Finland fewer scholarly attentions have explored the extent of minority attitudes and experiences as they relate to social problems in societies. The aim of this study is to explore procedural justice and its understanding thereof by minorities and racial groups in Finland in complying with police orders. Data for this study was collected between April 2013 and July 2015 from (N = 650) respondents from three major cities (Helsinki, Tampere and Turku) using minority experiences of racial profiling, encounters and unfair policing as variables that increase minority distrust in procedural justice in Finland. The result suggests that ethnicity influences minority views of procedural justice in the country. The implication of this finding is that there is a need for more exploration of the relationship between the police and minorities in Finland.
Litigation or Arbitration for Resolving Islamic Banking Disputes
Authors: Al-Shibli Farouq Saber 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When investors decide to deal with Islamic banks, one of their main concerns is to ensure their businesses are protected in the case of disputes arising. For this reason, developing a good legal framework for resolving disputes is crucial to strengthen the position of Islamic banks in the global financial market. However, the unique nature of Islamic financial products and transactions requires that the disputes arising from this sector should not be dealt with by means of conventional laws and courts (litigation). It can be said that current practice, where Islamic banking and finance disputes are resolved by litigation with lopsided judgments is counterproductive to the practice of Islamic banking and finance. This article therefore explores the problems associated with resolving Islamic banking disputes through litigation and proposes arbitration as an alternative method for establishing a legal framework for dispute resolution in countries where Islamic banking is implemented.
The Political Economy and Underdevelopment of the Muslim World: A Juridico-Philosophical Perspective
Authors: Ebrahim Muhammed Shahid , Sheikh Mustapha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article studies the relation between Islam and economic development from a juridico-philosophical perspective. A fresh review of this issue is timely, because of the ongoing laggardness of Arab and Muslim economies due to decades of Pareto-inferior poverty traps. We disentangle the viewpoints on the Islamic-economic nexus and determine that the backwardness of Muslim countries’ economies is primarily due to the retrograde outlook of the jurists (fuqahāʾ). Flawed jurisprudential reasoning is instrumental in the paucity of financial instruments, markets, and institutional development. We also scrutinise the jurists’ co-option by the ruling elite, which legitimises the elite’s autocracy. We conclude by recommending a salient strategy critical to fostering economic development and growth.
Spirits Coming Alive: The Subtle Alchemy of Francis Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum
Authors: Jalobeanu Dana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Observations, experiments and inquiries into the world of plants figure prominently in Francis Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum. My purpose in this article is to offer a survey of this very rich and relatively under-investigated natural historical material, with the purpose of showing two things. First, I show that these inquiries unveil a sophisticated instrumental approach. Bacon treats plants as (al)chemical laboratories in which one can investigate the fundamental processes of nature and the continuous ‘pneumatisation’ of matter. A detailed examination of this instrumental approach can shed important light upon Bacon’s reductionist strategies of explanation. Second, I show that some of the experiments with plants recorded (or merely suggested) in the Sylva Sylvarum uncover several layers of theoretical vocabulary. In this experimental context, key concepts of Bacon’s natural philosophy are further refined and acquire new meanings.
Slavery, Human Rights and Visas
Authors: Drønen Tomas Sundnes 
Published: June 2019

A case study of yet unpublished material from the French colonial archives shows that the administration carefully watched the work of Christian missionaries in Cameroon. This surveillance stemmed from the administration’s fear of local rebellion due to the missionaries’ influence. In the North, the fear was that Christian mission would provoke the previously militarily powerful Fulbe to a rebellion similar to those the French had experienced in their North African colonies. The Norwegian missionaries took an active stance against local slavery, and visa applications for nine new missionaries in 1950 became the impetus for intensive surveillance from the French administration. The visa struggle and the struggle over domestic slavery also show that the administration had established a political culture that only reluctantly gave priority to serious human rights issues over respect for local traditions, and that they had established a regime of strict control over religious activities.
在法国殖民地的存档里一份未发表的档案中显示，政府小心地观察在卡麦隆的基督教宣教士的工作。这种监视乃是出自对由于宣教士的影响而会产生的本地叛乱的恐惧。在北部，这种恐惧是怕基督教宣教会引发类似在法国的北非殖民地经历了的军事叛乱。挪威的宣教士们采取积极的姿态反对奴隶制，并且1950年九位宣教士的签证申请加剧了法国政局对他们的密切监视。政府对签证和本地奴隶制的挣扎，显示了其建立的懒于将严重的人权问题置于对本地传统的尊重之上的政治文化，也显示了对宗教活动严格控制的政权。
Un estudio de caso de materiales inéditos de los archivos de las colonias francesas muestra que el gobierno vigiló el trabajo de los misioneros cristianos en Camerún. Esta vigilancia por parte del gobierno se origina por temor a una rebelión local influenciada por los misioneros. En el Norte, el temor era de que la misión cristiana llevaría a los fulbe, ya militarmente poderosos, a una rebelión similar a la que los franceses habían experimentado en sus colonias del norte de África. Los misioneros noruegos tomaron una postura activa contra la esclavitud local y la solicitud de visas para nueve nuevos misioneros en 1950 fue el impulso para la vigilancia por parte de la administración francesa. Las luchas por las visas y contra la esclavitud doméstica también muestran que el gobierno sólo había establecido una cultura política que a regañadientes daba prioridad a temas importantes de derechos humanos sobre el respeto por las tradiciones locales, y que había establecido un régimen de control estricto sobre las actividades religiosas.
This article is in English.