bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a proforma to improve quality of handover of surgical patients at the weekend
Authors: Mughal Zahir , Al‐Jazieh Iyad , Zaidi Hammad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe introduction of shift pattern of working in the medical profession has led to an increase in reliance on effective handover of patient information. We evaluated the use of a weekend handover proforma in General Surgical patients at a University Teaching Hospital.MethodsA standardized weekend handover proforma was implemented. A pre‐post survey of medical staff and prospective observational study on the use of the proforma was carried out. The impact of three strategies to reinforce change in clinical practice was investigated at random time‐points. These were (1) presentation at a clinical governance meeting; (2) email; and (3) induction training on handover combined with one‐to‐one interactive training. The two outcome measures were compliance with the proforma, and “handover score,” which was the amount of data transferred per patient.ResultsThe survey highlighted inadequate provision for handover at the weekend. National guidelines were used to design the weekend handover proforma. There was 70% compliance with the new standardized proforma with a median handover score of 83% (IQR = 0‐100). The results were presented at a clinical governance meeting, and the proforma was refined. After this change, the proforma was used in 71% of patients, and the median score was 65% (IQR = 0‐80, P = 0.0516). Compliance after an email reminder was 69%, and median handover score was 80% (IQR = 0‐90, P = 0.1037). After induction training, there was a significant improvement in proforma compliance (94%) and median score (90%, IQR = 80‐90, P = 0.013).ConclusionEffective transfer of handover information can be achieved over the weekend with the use of a standardized proforma. Use of the proforma was greatest after providing junior doctors with didactic training on handover combined with interactive guidance on completing the proforma.
Blending technique‐determined distinct structured sodium alginate‐based films for cinnamon essential oils controlled release
Authors: Chen Xi , Lu Li‐xin , Qiu Xiaolin , Tang Yali 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSodium alginate (SA) bio‐based films with gelatin (G0) and Tween 80 (T) as emulsifiers for controlled release of cinnamon essential oils (CEOs) were fabricated via mechanical stirring emulsifying–blending technique (MB) and homogenized emulsifying‐blending technique (HB). Morphology results depicted distinct microstructures of MB‐prepared film (MBF) with symmetric porous oil‐rich cross‐sections, whereas HB‐prepared film (HBF) with asymmetric cross‐section consisted of compact polymer‐rich phase on top side (A) and porous oil‐rich phase on bottom side (B). The mechanical properties of HBF were significantly superior compared with MBF (p < .05). The diffusion coefficient (D) representing the release rate of CEO presented no significant difference between CEO releasing through A and B of MBF, whereas D of CEO releasing through A of HBF was significantly smaller than through B of HBF and A of MBF (p < .05). Moreover, D of CEO releasing through A of HBF decreased significantly with the increase in SA content (p < .05).Practical applicationsThe blending technique‐controlled distinct structured films could be potentially applied as controlled release food packaging protecting the food inside. Sodium alginate content could also be potentially applied as control factor for controlled release food packaging protecting the food inside.
International survey on growth indices and impacting factors in children with food allergies
Authors: Meyer R. , Wright K. , Vieira M. C. , Chong K. W. , Chatchatee P. , Vlieg‐Boerstra B. J. , Groetch M. , Dominguez‐Ortega G. , Heath S. , Lang A. , Archibald‐Durham L. , Rao R. , De Boer R. , Assa'ad A. , Trewella E. , Venter C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundElimination diets required for the management of food allergies increase the risk for poor growth in children. Currently, no worldwide data exist on this topic and limited published data exist on the impact of atopic comorbidity, type of allergy and foods eliminated on growth. We therefore set out to perform a worldwide survey on growth and impacting factors in food allergic children.MethodsA prospective growth survey was performed of children (aged 0–16 years) on an elimination diet with confirmed immunoglobulin (Ig)E and non‐IgE mediated food allergies. Data collected included: weight‐for‐age, weight‐for‐height, height‐for‐age, head circumference, body mass index, type of food allergy and eliminated foods, allergic comorbidities and replacement milk/breast milk. Multivariable regression analysis was used to establish factors that affected growth.ResultsData from 430 patients from twelve allergy centres were analysed: median age at diagnosis and data collection was 8 months and 23 months, respectively. Pooled data indicated that 6% were underweight, 9% were stunted, 5% were undernourished and 8% were overweight. Cow's milk elimination lead to a lower weight‐for‐height Z‐scores than other food eliminations and mixed IgE and non‐IgE mediated allergy had lower height‐for‐age Z‐scores than IgE mediated allergy. Children with only non‐IgE mediated allergies had lower weight‐for‐height and body mass index. Atopic comorbidities did not impact on growth.ConclusionsStunting is more common in children with food allergies than low weight. Children particularly at risk of poor growth are those with non‐IgE and mixed IgE and non‐IgE mediated allergies, as well as those with cow's milk allergy.
Search, Financial Market Frictions, and Monetary Transmission
Authors: LI VICTOR E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper evaluates the implications of search and matching frictions in the financial market for the bank lending channel of monetary policy. Borrowers and lenders participate in a decentralized loan market for the purpose of establishing long‐term credit relationships and the provision of loanable funds to productive firms. Locating credit relationships is costly in terms of time and real resources and the interest rate is negotiated via a bargaining mechanism. This structure is incorporated into an otherwise standard monetary business cycle framework and used to study how such frictions in the credit market contribute to explaining the contemporaneous impact and propagation of monetary growth shocks and inflation. While anticipated inflation negatively impacts real activity, it can also increase loan market participation and the inflow of newly established credit relationships. It is shown that (i) bargaining and costly search mitigates the traditional inflation tax effect of monetary injections and (ii) the existence of long‐term lending relations tends to dampen liquidity effects. Monetary shocks in this environment lead to larger liquidity effects relative to the frictionless case and are capable of generating persistence in the nominal interest rate, labor, consumption, and output. It can also explain the excess volatility of credit creation relative to output and the observation that overall credit creation can lead output over the business cycle.
A Prospective Study on the Effects of Medicaid Regulation and Other Barriers to Obtaining Postpartum Sterilization
Authors: Hahn Taylor A. , McKenzie Fatima , Hoffman Shelley M. , Daggy Joanne , Tucker Edmonds Brownsyne 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThis study aimed to assess unfulfilled sterilization requests, specifically regarding issues with the Medicaid consent for sterilization, and determine the proportion of women who subsequently received interval sterilization by 3 months postpartum.MethodsThe authors conducted a prospective observational cohort study of women who gave birth over an 8‐month period and requested immediate postpartum sterilization. Records of women with unfulfilled requests were reviewed up to 3 months postpartum to determine rates of postpartum follow‐up and interval sterilization. Primary analysis examined unfulfilled sterilization requests associated with the Medicaid consent form and, secondarily, all other reasons for unfulfilled requests, as well as alternative contraceptive methods chosen.ResultsOf the 334 women who requested immediate postpartum sterilization, 173 (52%) received the requested sterilization and 161 (48%) did not. Among those whose request was unfulfilled, 91 (56.5%) still wanted the procedure, and of those women, more than two‐thirds were unable to receive it because of Medicaid consent issues. Within this group, only 6 received interval sterilization by 3 months postpartum; more than one‐third received a form of long‐acting reversible contraception, and 24.6% did not receive postpartum care.DiscussionA sizable proportion of women requesting postpartum sterilization have unfulfilled requests because of an issue with the Medicaid consent and also have a low likelihood of receiving interval sterilization by 3 months postpartum. The Medicaid consent may create barriers for women requesting postpartum sterilization, the vast majority of whom face subsequent barriers obtaining interval sterilization, thereby increasing the risk for unintended pregnancy in an at‐risk population. This has important implications for reproductive justice efforts to protect vulnerable populations while minimizing barriers to desired care.
An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Facility Design and the Provision of Childbirth Care
Authors: Plough Avery , Polzin‐Rosenberg Deb , Galvin Grace , Shao Amie , Sullivan Brendan , Henrich Natalie , Shah Neel T. 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionAcross health care, facility design has been shown to significantly affect quality of care; however, in maternity care, the mechanisms of how facility design affects provision of care are understudied. We aim to identify and illustrate key mechanisms that may explain how facility design helps or hinders clinicians in providing childbirth care.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to select design elements for inclusion. Using a modified Delphi consensus process, we engaged an interdisciplinary advisory board to prioritize these elements with regard to potential effect on care provision. The advisory board proposed mechanisms that may explain how the prioritized facility design elements help or hinder care, which the study team organized into themes. We then explored these themes using semistructured interviews with managers at 12 diverse birth centers and hospital‐based labor and delivery units from across the United States.ResultsThe design of childbirth facilities may help or hinder the provision of care through at least 3 distinct mechanisms: 1) flexibility and adaptability of spaces to changes in volume or acuity; 2) physical and cognitive anchoring that can create default workflows or mental models of care; and 3) facilitation of sharing knowledge and workload across clinicians.DiscussionFacility designs may intentionally or unintentionally influence the workflows, expectations, and cultures of childbirth care.
X11 and X11‐like proteins regulate the level of extrasynaptic glutamate receptors
Authors: Motodate Rika , Saito Haruka , Sobu Yuriko , Hata Saori , Saito Yuhki , Nakaya Tadashi , Suzuki Toshiharu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractX11/Mint 1 and X11‐like (X11L)/Mint 2 are neuronal adaptor protein to regulate trafficking and/or localization of various membrane proteins. By analyzing the localization of neuronal membrane proteins in X11‐, X11L‐, and X11/X11L doubly deficient mice with membrane fractionation procedures, we found that deficient of X11 and X11L decreased the level of glutamate receptors in non‐PSD fraction. This finding suggests that X11 and X11L regulate the glutamate receptor micro‐localization to the extrasynaptic region. In vitro coimmunoprecipitation studies of NMDA receptors lacking various cytoplasmic regions with X11 and X11L proteins harboring domain deletion suggest that extrasynaptic localization of NMDA receptor may be as a result of the multiple interactions of the receptor subunits with X11 and X11L regulated by protein phosphorylation, while that of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunits is not dependent on the binding with X11 and X11L proteins. Because the loss of X11 and X11L tends to impair the exocytosis, but not endocytosis, of glutamate receptors, NMDA receptors are likely to be supplied to the extrasynaptic plasma membrane with a way distinct from the mechanism regulating the localization of NMDA receptors into synaptic membrane region. Reduced localization of NMDA receptor into the extrasynaptic region increased slightly the phosphorylation level of cAMP responsible element binding protein in brain of X11/X11L doubly deficient mice compare to wild‐type mice, suggesting a possible role of X11 and X11L in the regulation of signal transduction pathway through extrasynaptic glutamate receptors.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Nursing Diagnoses as Predictors of Hospital Length of Stay: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: D'Agostino Fabio , Vellone Ercole , Cocchieri Antonello , Welton John , Maurici Massimo , Polistena Barbara , Spandonaro, Federico , Zega Maurizio , Alvaro Rosaria , Sanson Gianfranco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the number of nursing diagnoses on hospital admission is an independent predictor of the hospital length of stay.DesignA prospective observational study was carried out. A sample of 2,190 patients consecutively admitted (from July to December 2014) in four inpatient units (two medical, two surgical) of a 1,547‐bed university hospital were enrolled for the study.MethodsData were collected from a clinical nursing information system and the hospital discharge register. Two regression analyses were performed to investigate if the number of nursing diagnoses on hospital admission was an independent predictor of length of stay and length of stay deviation after controlling for patients’ sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender), clinical variables (disease groupers, disease severity morbidity indexes), and organizational hospital variables (admitting inpatient unit, modality of admission).FindingsThe number of nursing diagnoses was shown to be an independent predictor of both the length of stay (β = .15; p < .001) and the length of stay deviation (β = .19; p < .001).ConclusionsThe number of nursing diagnoses is a strong independent predictor of an effective hospital length of stay and of a length of stay longer than expected.Clinical RelevanceThe systematic inclusion of standard nursing care data in electronic health records can improve the predictive ability on hospital outcomes and describe the patient complexity more comprehensively, improving hospital management efficiency.
The moment arms of the muscles spanning the glenohumeral joint: a systematic review
Authors: Hik Freya , Ackland David C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe moment arm of a muscle represents its leverage or torque‐producing capacity, and is indicative of the role of the muscle in joint actuation. The objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the moment arms of the major muscles spanning the glenohumeral joint during abduction, flexion and axial rotation. Moment arm data for the deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor were reported when measured using the geometric and tendon excursion methods. The anterior and middle sub‐regions of the deltoid had the largest humeral elevator moment arm values of all muscles during coronal‐ and scapular‐plane abduction, as well as during flexion. The pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major had the largest depressor moment arms, with each of these muscles exhibiting prominent leverage in shoulder adduction, and the latissimus dorsi and teres major also in extension. The rotator cuff muscles had the largest axial rotation moment arms regardless of the axial position of the humerus. The supraspinatus had the most prominent elevator moment arms during early abduction in both the coronal and scapular planes as well as in flexion. This systematic review shows that the rotator cuff muscles function as humeral rotators and weak humeral depressors or elevators, while the three sub‐regions of the deltoid behave as substantial humeral elevators throughout the range of humeral motion. The pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major are significant shoulder depressors, particularly during abduction. This study provides muscle moment arm data on functionally relevant shoulder movements that are involved in tasks of daily living, including lifting and pushing. The results may be useful in quantifying shoulder muscle function during specific planes of movement, in designing and validating computational models of the shoulder, and in planning surgical procedures such as tendon transfer surgery.
Narco‐frontiers: A spatial framework for drug‐fuelled accumulation
Authors: Ballvé Teo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBased on historical and ethnographic research conducted in a region of northwest Colombia and drawing on the stories of novelist Gabriel García Márquez, this article develops the analytical concept of “narco‐frontiers” to help disentangle the confusing political economy of agrarian spaces affected by the violence of the drug war. As socially produced spaces, narco‐frontiers emerge through the convergence of four interlocking processes: uneven development, internal colonialism, political violence, and narco‐fuelled dispossession. Although often depicted as “ungovernable” or “stateless” spaces, narco‐frontiers are wracked by extra‐legal regimes of rule in which the state is simply one actor among others. With the drug trade inducing violent agrarian change all over the world—from Colombia to Afghanistan, Burma to Central America—this article offers a spatial‐historical framework for understanding these dramatic transformations.
Remake Rates for Single‐Unit Crowns in Clinical Practice: Findings from The National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network
Authors: McCracken Michael S. , Litaker Mark S. , Gordan Valeria V. , Karr Thomas , Sowell Ellen , Gilbert Gregg H. ,   National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeSome crowns returned from the laboratory are clinically unacceptable, and dentists must remake them. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the remake rate of single‐unit crowns; and (2) identify factors significantly associated with crown remakes and intraoral fit.Materials and MethodsDentists participating in the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network recruited patients needing crowns and documented fabrication techniques, patient characteristics, and outcomes. Crowns were considered clinically acceptable or rejected. Also, various aspects of the clinical fit of the crown were graded and categorized as ‘Goodness of Fit (GOF).’ Dentist and patient characteristics were tested statistically for associations with crown acceptability and GOF.ResultsMore than 200 dentists participated in this study (N = 205) and evaluated 3750 single‐unit crowns. The mean age (years) of patients receiving a crown was 55. The remake rate for crowns was 3.8%. The range of rejection rates among individual practitioners was 0% to 42%. Most clinicians (118, or 58%) did not reject any crowns; all rejections came from 42% of the clinicians (n = 87). The most common reasons for rejections were proximal misfit, marginal errors, and esthetic failures. Fewer years in practice was significantly associated with lower crown success rates and lower fit scores. GOF was also associated with practice busyness and patient insurance status, patient gender (dentists reported better fit for female patients), and patient ethnicity.ConclusionsThe crown remake rate in this study was about 4%. Remakes and crown GOF were associated with certain dentist and practice characteristics.
Paediatric immunisation and chemoprophylaxis in a Ugandan sickle cell disease clinic
Authors: Chen Chung‐Jen , Bakeera‐Kitaka Sabrina , Mupere Ezekiel , Kasirye Philip , Munube Deogratias , Idro Richard , Hume Heather , Pfeffer Betsy , LaRussa Philip , Green Nancy S 
Published: November 2018

AimWe aimed to assess the receipt of recommended care for young children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in a central SCD clinic in Kampala Uganda, focusing on standard vaccination and antibacterial and antimalarial prophylaxis.MethodsA cross‐sectional assessment of immunisation status and timeliness and prescribed antibacterial and antimalarial prophylaxis was performed in a sample with SCD aged ≤71 months in Mulago Hospital SCD Clinic. Government‐issued immunisation cards and clinic‐issued visit records for prescribed prophylaxis were reviewed.ResultsVaccinations were documented by immunisation cards in 104 patients, mean age 31.7 months (range 3–70 months). Only 48 (46.2%) received all doses of each of the four recommended vaccine types, including pneumococcal 10‐valent conjugate vaccine (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)‐10), which became available in 2014. Vaccination completion was associated with younger age and, for polio, maternal employment. PCV‐10 series was completed in 54.8% of the sample and in 18.2% of those aged 48–71 months. Of children completing all vaccination types, an average 68.8% were immunised on time, defined as <60 days beyond the recommended age. Only 17 (13.5%) children were both fully and timely vaccinated. In an overlapping sample of 147 children, with a mean age of 38.4 months (4–70 months), 81.6% had ≥1 documented prescription for penicillin and/or antimalarial prophylaxis.ConclusionsStandardised vaccination and antibacterial and antimalarial protective measures for young children at this central SCD clinic were incomplete, especially PCV‐10 for age ≥24 months, and often late. Child age, but not general maternal demographics, were associated with vaccination and chemoprophylaxis. Clinic‐based oversight may improve timely uptake of these preventative measures.