bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization within a Statewide Medicaid Managed Care System
Authors: Brousseau David C. , Dansereau Lynne M. , Linakis James G. , Leddy Tricia , Vivier Patrick M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract. Objectives: To describe pediatric emergency department (ED) utilization within a Medicaid managed care system and to investigate the association between pediatric ED utilization and the type of medical home. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, set at Rhode Island's statewide Medicaid managed care program (RIte Care). The study population was a random sample of 2,000 children aged 19 to 35 months at the conclusion of a period of continuous RIte Care enrollment from July 1, 1996, until June 30, 1997. For description of ED utilization, rates of utilization and percentages were calculated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the effect of type of medical home and individual/family characteristics on ED utilization. Logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios for types of medical home while controlling for sociodemographic factors and practice level variation. Results: Of the 1,988 children who were eligible for analysis, 791 children utilized the ED during the study year at a rate of 68 ED visits/100 person‐years. Thirty‐one percent of those visits were for injuries/poisonings. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated decreased ED utilization for patients enrolled in a staff‐model health maintenance organization (HMO) (OR 0.34; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.42) or a health center (OR 0.71; 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.95) compared with hospital‐based clinics. There was no significant association between the receipt of preventive services and ED utilization. Conclusions: Despite the presence of a defined medical home, ED use was common among preschool children enrolled in the statewide Medicaid managed care program. The type of medical home was an important determinant of ED use in this population.
Phase II Study of Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin in First- and Second-Line Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Borner Markus M. , Dietrich Daniel , Stupp Roger , Morant Rudolf , Honegger Hanspeter , Wernli Martin , Herrmann Richard , Pestalozzi Bernhard C. , Saletti Piercarlo , Hanselmann Silvia , Müller Samuel , Brauchli Peter , Castiglione-Gertsch Monica , Goldhirsch Aron , Roth Arnaud D. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of combining oxaliplatin with capecitabine in the treatment of advanced nonpretreated and pretreated colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-three nonpretreated patients and 26 patients who had experienced one fluoropyrimidine-containing regimen for advanced colorectal cancer were treated with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 and capecitabine 1,250 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks. Patients with good performance status (World Health Organization grade 0 to 1) were accrued onto two nonrandomized parallel arms of a phase II study. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33% to 65%) for nonpretreated and 15% (95% CI, 4% to 35%) for pretreated patients. The main toxicity of this combination was diarrhea, which occurred at grade 3 or 4 in 35% of the nonpretreated and 50% of the pretreated patients. Grade 3 or 4 sensory neuropathy, including laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia, occurred in 16% of patients on both cohorts. Capecitabine dose reductions were necessary in 26% of the nonpretreated and 45% of the pretreated patients in the second treatment cycle. The median overall survival was 17.1 months and 11.5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combining capecitabine and oxaliplatin yields promising activity in advanced colorectal cancer. The main toxicity is diarrhea, which is manageable with appropriate dose reductions. On the basis of our toxicity experience, we recommend use of capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 at an initial dose of 1,250 mg/m2 bid in nonpretreated patients and at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 bid in pretreated patients.
American College of Surgeons Operative Standards and Breast Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Taylor Crystal D. , Wang Ton , Baskin Alison S. , Sinco Brandy , Hughes Tasha M. , Boffa Daniel J. , Boughey Judy C. , Dossett Lesly A. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe American College of Surgeons (ACS) operative standards were established to detail critical elements of cancer surgery, reduce technical variation, and improve outcomes. Two of the 6 operative standards target adequate axillary surgery for breast cancer. The potential association of the operative standards with short-term oncologic outcomes, such as nodal yield and nodal positivity rates, is currently unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential association of the ACS operative standards with short-term oncologic outcomes in breast cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cohort study was performed using data on 1 201 317 women 18 years or older who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for invasive breast cancer from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020. Patients were identified using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), a clinical oncology database encompassing approximately 70% of new cancer diagnoses, sourced from hospital registry data from 1317 facilities. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2023 to June 2024.ExposureSentinel lymph node biopsy or ALND.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReliability-adjusted facility-level lymph node yield and nodal positivity rate for each procedure were calculated using generalized linear mixed models, Poisson regression, and logistic regression with facility-level random intercepts.ResultsThe cohort included 1 201 317 women with a median age of 62 years (IQR, 53-70 years). Facility-level nodal yield ranged from 1 to 6 for SLNB and from 6 to 22 for ALND. Median facility-level nodal yield for SLNB was 2.6 (IQR, 2.3-3.0) and the nodal positivity rate for SLNB was 12.2% (IQR, 11.0%-13.7%), with rates ranging from 6% to 21%. A weak correlation between facility-level lymph node yield and nodal positivity was observed (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.17). Median nodal upstaging rate (≥4 positive nodes) for ALND was 30.5% (IQR, 26.5%-35.0%), with rates ranging from 11% to 54%; median nodal yield was 12.2 (IQR, 10.9-13.6). A strong correlation between nodal yield and nodal upstaging rates was observed (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.53).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of women undergoing axillary surgery for invasive breast cancer, facility-level variation in lymph node yield was present for both SLNB and ALND, which could potentially be improved through the ACS operative standards. However, this variation had mixed associations with nodal positivity and upstaging rates, suggesting the association of the ACS operative standards with oncologic outcomes may be mixed.
Trends in Postpartum Depression by Race, Ethnicity, and Prepregnancy Body Mass Index
Authors: Khadka Nehaa , Fassett Michael J. , Oyelese Yinka , Mensah Nana A. , Chiu Vicki Y. , Yeh Meiyu , Peltier Morgan R. , Getahun Darios 
Published: November 2024

ImportancePostpartum depression (PPD) poses significant risks to maternal and child health. Understanding temporal trends is crucial for evaluating prevalence and identifying populations at risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate recent trends in PPD and assess how these trends are associated with race, ethnicity, and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA serial, cross-sectional analysis using data from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) electronic health records (EHRs), with live and stillbirths at 20 or more weeks of gestation who were KPSC members at the time of delivery between 2010 and 2021. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to August 2023.ExposuresSelf-reported race, ethnicity, and recorded prepregnancy BMI.Main outcome measuresPPD cases were identified using validated diagnostic codes and prescription records within 12 months postpartum in the KPSC EHRs. Patients with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 10 or more within 6 months postpartum were further evaluated by a mental health specialist for formal PPD diagnosis.ResultsIn this study of 442 308 pregnancies, the median (IQR) maternal age at delivery was 31 (27-34) years. The cohort was racially and ethnically diverse, with 62 860 individuals (14.2%) identifying as Asian/Pacific Islander, 231 837 (52.4%) as Hispanic, 33 207 (7.5%) as non-Hispanic Black, 108 201 (24.5%) as non-Hispanic White, 5903 (1.3%) as multiple or other, and 300 (0.1%) unknown. PPD prevalence doubled over the study period, increasing from 9.4% in 2010 to 19.0% in 2021. The largest increases were observed among Asian and Pacific Islander participants (280% increase) and non-Hispanic Black participants (140% increase). PPD rates increased across all BMI categories, particularly among individuals with obesity (class I) and morbid obesity (class II/III).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, PPD diagnosis increased significantly across all racial and ethnic groups and BMI categories over the past decade. While rising PPD may reflect improved screening and diagnosis practices, the persistently high rates highlight the need to develop and implement interventions to prevent the condition while expanding efforts to mitigate the impact of PPD on maternal and child health.
Measurement Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire–15 and Somatic Symptom Scale–8
Authors: Hybelius Jonna , Kosic Amanda , Salomonsson Sigrid , Wachtler Caroline , Wallert John , Nordin Steven , Axelsson Erland 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe subjective experience of somatic symptoms is a key concern throughout the health care system. Valid and clinically useful instruments are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the measurement properties of 2 widespread patient-reported outcomes: the Patient Health Questionnaire–15 (PHQ-15) and Somatic Symptom Scale–8 (SSS-8).Data SourcesMedline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were last searched February 1, 2024.Study SelectionEnglish-language studies reporting estimates pertaining to factor analysis, taxometric analysis, internal consistency, construct validity, mean scores in relevant groups, cutoffs, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs), minimal clinically important difference, test-retest reliability, or sensitivity to change.Data Extraction and SynthesisSearch hits were reviewed by independent raters. Cronbach α, Pearson r, means, and between-group effect sizes indicative of sensitivity to change were pooled in random-effects meta-analysis. Study quality was assessed using 3 instruments. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 reporting guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresComprehensive overview of evidence pertaining to the measurement properties of the PHQ-15 and SSS-8.ResultsA total of 305 studies with 361 243 participants were included. Most concerned routine care (178 studies) and the general population (27 studies). In factor analyses, both scales reflected a combination of domain-specific factors (cardiopulmonary, fatigue, gastrointestinal, pain) and a general symptom burden factor. The pooled PHQ-15 α was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.80-0.82), but with low item-total correlations for items concerning menstrual problems, fainting spells, and sexual problems (item-total correlations &amp;lt;0.40), and the SSS-8 α was 0.80 (0.77-0.83). Pooled correlations with other measures of somatic symptom burden were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.64-0.78) for the PHQ-15 and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72-0.92) for the SSS-8. Reported AUROCs for identification of somatoform disorders ranged from 0.63 (95% CI, 0.50-0.76) to 0.79 (95% CI, 0.73-0.85) for the PHQ-15 and from 0.71 (95% CI, 0.66-0.77) to 0.73 (95% CI, 0.69-0.76) for the SSS-8. The minimal clinically important difference on both scales was 3 points. Test-retest reliability could not be pooled and was inconsistent for the PHQ-15 (PHQ-15: r = 0.65-0.93; ICC, 0.87; SSS-8: r = 0.996, ICC = 0.89). The PHQ-15 showed tentative sensitivity to change (g = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.08-0.56), but data for the SSS-8 were lacking.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, findings supported use of the PHQ-15 and SSS-8 for the assessment of symptom burden, but users should be aware of the complex, multifactorial structures of these scales. More evidence is needed concerning longitudinal measurement properties.
Superior EMI Shielding and Thermal Management of Flexible, Fire‐Resistant SiBCNZr Nanofiber Fabrics Enhanced by Defect Engineering and Graphitization
Authors: Ding Qi , Yang Jiahao , Yang Hongyi , Gu Shijia , Cheng Zhi , Wang Lianjun , Fan Yuchi , Jiang Wan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven the critical threats to aviation safety induced by electromagnetic interference (EMI), fire hazards, and icing, high‐performance multifunctional materials integrating mechanical flexibility, EMI shielding, fire resistance, and thermal management capabilities are highly desired yet challenging. Herein, a synergistic strategy is developed involving defect engineering and graphitization to enhance EMI shielding and thermal management properties of SiBCNZr nanofiber fabrics. Initially, the SiBCNZr nanofiber fabrics demonstrate excellent mechanical flexibility and intrinsic ceramic fire resistance. Furthermore, after annealing at 1400 °C, t‐ZrO2 nanograins with various types of defects are precipitated from the amorphous matrix, accompanied by the formation of turbostratic graphite C. The synergistic effects of defect engineering of t‐ZrO2 nanograins and graphitization of turbostratic C enhance conductivity and polarization loss, leading to a specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of 2718 dB cm2 g−1. Additionally, the fabrics also demonstrate remarkable electrothermal conversion capability with a rapid electrothermal response. This work provides valuable insights into designing multifunctional EMI shielding ceramic nanofiber fabrics for aviation safety.
Harnessing In Situ Iodine Ionic Liquids for High Areal Capacity and Long Cycle Life Zn//I2 Solid Microbatteries
Authors: Zhu Junbing , Ni Jiangfeng , Li Liang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractZn‐ion microbatteries (MBs), distinguished by their simple fabrication process, low material costs, and high safety, are ideal candidates for powering microelectronic devices. Nevertheless, most Zn‐ion MBs face momentous performance challenges of limited areal capacity and insufficient cycling as a result of poor contact between the electrode and electrolyte. In this work, a liquid–solid electrode–electrolyte contact is designed by harnessing in situ generated iodine ionic liquids to produce Zn//I2 solid MBs with unprecedented energy storage capabilities, even at temperatures as low as −20 °C. As a result, Zn//I2 MBs demonstrate an ultrahigh capacity of 7.2 mAh cm−2, energy density of 8.3 mWh cm−2, and stable cycling for over 900 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at room temperature. Even at −20 °C, the MBs still afford a capacity of 3.9 mAh cm−2 and an energy of 4.1 mWh cm−2. Operando spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations are employed to track the evolution of ionic liquid electrodes upon electrochemical cycling. Moreover, such MBs are integrated into flexible Bluetooth sensor modules, thereby ushering in a bright future for powering microscale electronics.
Pyrite‐Based Solid‐State Batteries: Progresses, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Bai Xiaojie , Jiang Di , Yin Song , Hao Yao , Zheng Jiahan , Hao Huiying , Xing Jie , Dong Jingjing , Liu Hao , Liao Libing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPyrite (FeS2), as a transition metal sulfide, has a promise application in the field of secondary batteries due to its abundant reserves, high theoretical capacity, safety, and non‐toxicity. However, serious volume expansion and shuttle effect of FeS2 in liquid secondary batteries limit its further development. Solid‐state batteries offer effective solutions to these challenges. In this review, the synthesis methods of FeS2 and recent progress in FeS2‐based solid‐state lithium/sodium batteries are presented, and the effects of FeS2 size and morphology, solid electrolyte type, and battery structure design on the electrochemical performance of solid‐state batteries are discussed. By analyzing and summarizing the problems in applying FeS2 in solid‐state batteries, the remaining challenges in this field are discussed and future directions are proposed. This review aims to guide research on high‐performance solid‐state batteries based on FeS2 and promote further development of FeS2 in electrochemical energy storage.
Portable Absorbable Electrical Stimulation System for Enhanced Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Wang Xi , Xu Qin , Xu Yang , Yuan Linhao , Guan Xiudong , Ma Shunchang , Zhang Dainan , Liu Xiangxiang , Li Jiang , Zhang Tieqiang , Yang Xingyu , Zhou Wenjianlong , Jia Wang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury significantly impairs sensory and motor functions, leading to diminished quality of life. Traditional treatments like nerve suturing and grafting often have limited efficacy and require long recovery. Recent advances in electrical stimulation technology show promise in speeding nerve repair, but current devices usually require lengthy surgeries, risking secondary nerve injury from prolonged nerve exposure during electrode installation and removal. This study introduces a portable, absorbable electrical stimulation system (PAESS) that integrates a battery‐free, wirelessly powered flexible printed circuit board chip with a biodegradable organic electrode. PAESS enables multiple self‐administered nerve stimulation without the need for electrode installation or removal. Using animal models, its electrical performance, biocompatibility, and efficacy in nerve repair are evaluated. The findings indicate a considerable enhancement in the recovery of nerve function, as demonstrated by improved electrophysiological measurements, decreased muscle atrophy, and positive histological results. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that the PAESS initiates the nerve regeneration process. This research presents an innovative platform for electrical stimulation, laying the groundwork for exploring electrical parameters and their mechanisms. This may deepen understanding of nerve regeneration and foster innovation in therapies.
Regulation of the Charge Carrier Dynamics in Antimony Selenide Thin‐Film Solar Cells Based on the Effective Diffusion of Ions at the Heterojunction Interface
Authors: Zhang Tingyu , Yang Yusheng , Dong Junjie , Shen Bangzhi , Zhang Jinling , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Han , Lu Meiling , Jiang Sai , Qiu Jianhua , Li Lvzhou , Zhuang Huliang , Guo Huafei , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is regarded as a next‐generation material for high‐efficiency photovoltaic applications due to its favorable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, carrier mobility, and stability. Nonetheless, cadmiun sulfide (CdS) has low short‐wavelength transmittance, which limits photon utilization, and the suboptimal band alignment in the CdS/Sb2Se3 heterojunction causes significant interface recombination. In this study, a simple lithium‐ion doping method is presented and report the dual enhancement effects of lithium ions on CdS and Sb2Se3 layers for the first time. Lithium ions improve the CdS layer by allowing for larger grain sizes, reduces roughness, and increase transmittance in the electron transport layer. At the same time, lightweight Li ions diffuse more easily through the interface into the Sb2Se3 layer, resulting in improved orientation, lower defect density, and a longer carrier lifetime. Furthermore, doping with Li ions changes the band alignment of the CdS/Sb2Se3 junction from a “cliff‐like” to a “spike‐like” configuration, improving carrier transport and reducing carrier recombination near the interface. Ultimately, due to the benefits of Li‐ion doping, the champion device obtained have a VOC of 0.462 V, a JSC of 30.86 mA cm−2, an FF of 65.46%, and an efficiency of 9.33%, representing a 15.8% increase over the undoped device.
Skin‐Like Soft Thermoelectric Composites with a “J‐Shaped” Stress–Strain Behavior for Self‐Powered Strain Sensing
Authors: Zhang Yichuan , Zhang Yajie , Deng Wenjiang , Li Qinglin , Guo Mingming , Chen Guangming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolymer thermoelectric (TE) materials present a promising alternative to actuating low‐power wearable electronics without an additional power source, among which poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) is a promising candidate. However, it is too hard and brittle to integrate into wearables seamlessly and comfortably. Herein, PEDOT:PSS‐based TE composites with simultaneous softness and stretchability are fabricated by a water‐borne polyurethane (WPU) and PEDOT:PSS mixture containing the judiciously chosen ionic liquid (IL) and subsequent drop casting. The obtained composites show a stable TE voltage, high stretchability (>500%), ultra‐flexibility, and excellent sensitivity (gauge factor = 1251). More importantly, it exhibited “J‐shaped” stress–strain curves resembling human skins after a loading/releasing treatment. The skin‐like nonlinear elastic behavior combines enough softness in the “toe” region, high stretchability, and a strong strain hardening at the late deformation stage, enabling its seamless and comfortable integration with the human body. Given the desired mechanical performance and strain‐sensing capability, the composite is designed to serve as a self‐powered sensor with high sensitivity and accuracy, suggesting a high potential in human motion detection. This work demonstrates the versatility of the developed skin‐like PEDOT:PSS‐based composites in wearable electronics.
Optical Evidence of Charge Trapping at Lanthanide Codopants in SrAl2O4:Eu,Ln (Ln = Nd, Sm, Dy) Persistent Phosphors
Authors: Van der Heggen David , Joos Jonas J. , Smet Philippe F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this work, the absorption spectra of metastable Dy2+, Nd2+, and Sm2+ are identified in SrAl2O4:Eu,Ln persistent phosphors after excitation with blue light, thereby confirming that the persistent luminescence is indeed due to a charge transfer between the two lanthanide dopants. In contrast to previous studies relying on X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to observe charge transfers between dopants, here low‐energy light is exclusively employed to probe for changes in the absorption spectrum of the phosphor, thereby only minimally affecting the state of the phosphor. Optical bleaching in combination with thermoluminescence measurements allowed to assign which optically active trapping centers contribute to the afterglow of the persistent phosphors.