bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Status, Territorial Confinement, and Transnational Activities of Senegalese Migrants in France, Italy, and Spain
Authors: Vickstrom Erik R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMigrants have long maintained ongoing social, economic, and political connections with their homelands, but these transnational activities have garnered increased attention from scholars and policymakers in recent years. Academic research has shown that modern travel and communications technologies have created new kinds and quantities of transnational engagement, findings which have challenged the notions of the state control of borders and of unidirectional immigrant settlement and assimilation. At the same time, international development agencies and sending-country governments have begun to recognize the potential of migrants to be active participants in the development of their home communities. Such “co-development” strategies seek to leverage migrant cross-border activities, such as remittances, investment, and participation in hometown associations, as part of overall development strategies.
Basic Schools in Each and Every Parish: The School Act of 1842 and the Rise of Mass Schooling in Sweden
Authors: Westberg Johannes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines the preconditions, content, and consequences of the school act of 1842, which was the main primary school legislation in nineteenth-century Sweden. This chapter shows that the school act defined a school system that placed the main responsibility for funding and organizing schools in the hands of Sweden’s parishes. Although the school act did not make schooling mandatory for all children, it required all parishes to establish at least one school. As a result, schools were soon distributed throughout Sweden, although the teaching that children received remained limited in terms of attendance, content, and the length of the school year.
Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) Talc Pleurodesis Versus Pleurectomy for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Large Single‐Centre Study with No Conversion
Authors: Mithiran Harish , Leow Lowell , Ong Kingsfield , Liew Terence , Siva Daveraj , Liang Shen , Tam John Kit Chung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a relatively common clinical entity with high incidence in the young population. Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) bullectomy and chemical or mechanical pleurodesis are two primary modalities of treatment. There has been much debate on the ideal mode of pleurodesis, but the literature on surgical outcomes comparing VATS pleurectomy with talc pleurodesis has been inconclusive.MethodsWe performed a single‐centre 5‐year observational retrospective study of 202 patients who underwent VATS bullectomy with talc pleurodesis or parietal pleurectomy.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the demographics, pre‐operative and intra‐operative characteristics in both groups. Recurrence of pneumothorax, chest tube duration and hospital stay were similar in both groups. However, talc pleurodesis had a shorter operative time compared to pleurectomy.ConclusionOur study demonstrated comparable outcomes between talc pleurodesis and pleurectomy following VATS bullectomy for patients with PSP.
Correction to: Development of an autotrophic fermentation technique for the production of fatty acids using an engineered Ralstonia eutropha cell factory
Authors: Li Zhongkang , Xiong Bin , Liu Li , Li Siwei , Xin Xiuqing , Li Zhi , Zhang Xueli , Bi ChangHao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The article Development of an autotrophic fermentation technique for the production of fatty acids using an engineered
Tolerance and transcriptional analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum on biotransformation of toxic furaldehyde and benzaldehyde inhibitory compounds
Authors: Zhou Pingping , Khushk Imrana , Gao Qiuqiang , Bao Jie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Furaldehydes and benzaldehydes are among the most toxic inhibitors from lignocellulose pretreatment on microbial growth and metabolism. The bioconversion of aldehyde inhibitors into less toxic alcohols or acids (biotransformation) is the prerequisite condition for efficient biorefinery fermentations. This study found that Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 demonstrated excellent tolerance and biotransformation capacity to five typical aldehyde inhibitors including two furaldehydes: 2-furaldehyde (furfural), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, and three benzaldehydes: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde). Transcription levels of 93 genes hypothesized to be responsible for five aldehydes biotransformation were examined by qRT-PCR. Multiple genes showed significantly up-regulated expression against furaldehydes or benzaldehydes. Overexpression of CGS9114_RS01115 in C. glutamicum resulted in the increased conversion of all five aldehyde inhibitors. The significant oxidoreductase genes responsible for each or multiple inhibitors biotransformation identified in this study will serve as a component of key gene device library for robust biorefinery fermentation strains development in the future biorefinery applications.
Modulating acetate ester and higher alcohol production inSaccharomyces cerevisiaethrough the cofactor engineering
Authors: Hong Kun-Qiang , Fu Xiao-Meng , Dong Sheng-Sheng , Xiao Dong-guang , Dong Jian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFlavor production by esters or by higher alcohols play a key role in the sensorial quality of fermented alcoholic beverages. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the syntheses of esters and higher alcohols are considerably influenced by intracellular CoA levels catalyzed by pantothenate kinase. In this work, we examined the effects of cofactor CoA and acetyl-CoA synthesis on the metabolism of esters and higher alcohols. Strains 12α−BAP2 and 12α+ATF1 where generated by deleting and overexpressing BAP2 (encoded branched-chain amino acid permease) and ATF1 (encoded alcohol acetyl transferases), respectively, in the parent 12α strains. Then, 12α−BAP2+CAB1 and 12α−BAP2+CAB3 strains were obtained by overexpressing CAB1 (encoded pantothenate kinase Cab1) and CAB3 (encoded pantothenate kinase Cab3) in the 12α−BAP2 strain, and 12α−BAP2+CAB1+ATF1 and 12α−BAP2+CAB3+ATF1 were generated by overexpressing ATF1 in the pantothenate kinase overexpression strains. The acetate ester level in 12α−BAP2 was slightly changed relative to that in the control strain 12α, whereas the acetate ester levels in 12α−BAP2+CAB1, 12α−BAP2+CAB3, 12α−BAP2+CAB1+ATF1, and 12α−BAP2+CAB3+ATF1 were distinctly increased (44–118% for ethyl acetate and 18–57% for isoamyl acetate). The levels of n-propanol, methyl-1-butanol, isopentanol, isobutanol, and phenethylol levels were changed and varied among the six engineered strains. The levels of acetate esters and higher alcohols can be modulated by changing the CoA and acetyl-CoA levels. The method proposed in this work supplies a practical means of breeding yeast strains by modulating acetate ester and higher alcohol production.
Natural Antibacterial Clays: Historical Uses and Modern Advances
Authors: Williams Lynda B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAntibacterial clays in nature include a variety of clay mineral assemblages that are capable of killing certain human pathogens. Although clays have been used for medicinal applications historically, only in the last decade have analytical methods and instrumentation been developed that allow researchers to evaluate the antibacterial mechanisms of various clays applied medicinally. Comparisons of the mineralogical and chemical compositions of natural clays that kill bacteria have promoted a better understanding of the mineral properties that are toxic to a broad-spectrum of human pathogens, including bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Popular literature is filled with reports of ‘healing’ clays, that, when tested against pathogens in vitro and compared to controls, do not appear to have bactericidal properties. It is important, however, to differentiate what properties make a clay ‘healing,’ versus what makes a clay ‘antibacterial.’ Most antibacterial clays identified to date buffer pH conditions of a hydrated clay outside the range of conditions in which human pathogens thrive (circum-neutral pH) and require oxidation reactions to occur. It is the change in oxidation state and pH imposed by the hydrated clay, applied topically, that leads to a chemical attack of the bacteria. Healing clays, on the other hand, may not kill bacteria but have soothing effects that are palliative. This article reviews some of the historical uses of clays in medicine but focuses primarily on the common characteristics of natural antibacterial clays and early studies of their antibacterial mechanisms. In this era of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, mimicking the antibacterial mechanisms exhibited by natural clays could be advantageous in the development of new antimicrobial agents.
Cytotoxicity and Biokinetic Evaluation of Clay Minerals
Authors: Choi Soo-Jin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClay minerals, such as layered double hydroxide (LDH) and montmorillonite (MMT), have attracted a great deal of attention for biological applications. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, public concern about the potential toxicity of nanoparticles is growing. In the present work, cytotoxicity of LDH and MMT was assessed in terms of inhibition of cell proliferation, generation of oxidative stress, and induction of inflammation response. Moreover, the biokinetics of LDH and MMT were evaluated; biokinetics provides information about in vivo absorption, distribution, and excretion kinetics. The results demonstrated that both LDH and MMT inhibited cell proliferation at relatively large concentrations and after long exposure time compared to other inorganic nanoparticles, although they generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). LDH induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in a size-dependent manner. Biokinetic study revealed that, after single-dose oral administration to mice, both LDH and MMT had extremely slow oral rates of absorption and did not accumulate in any specific organ. All the results suggest great potential of clay minerals for biological application at safe levels.
A bulk-interface correspondence for equatorial waves
Authors: Tauber C. , Delplace P. , Venaille A. 
Published: April 2019

Topology is introducing new tools for the study of fluid waves. The existence of unidirectional Yanai and Kelvin equatorial waves has been related to a topological invariant, the Chern number, that describes the winding of$f$-plane shallow water eigenmodes around band-crossing points in parameter space. In this previous study, the topological invariant was a property of the interface between two hemispheres. Here we ask whether a topological index can be assigned to each hemisphere. We show that this can be done if the shallow water model in the$f$-plane geometry is regularized by an additional odd-viscosity term. We then compute the spectrum of a shallow water model with a sharp equator separating two flat hemispheres, and recover the Kelvin and Yanai waves as two exponentially trapped waves along the equator, with all the other modes delocalized into the bulk. This model provides an exactly solvable example of bulk-interface correspondence in a flow with a sharp interface, and offers a topological interpretation for some of the transition modes described by Iga (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 294, 1995, pp. 367–390). It also paves the way towards a topological interpretation of coastal Kelvin waves along a boundary and, more generally, to an understanding of bulk-boundary correspondence in continuous media.
Metabolomic profiling to identify effects of dietary calcium reveal the influence of the individual and postprandial dynamics on the canine plasma metabolome
Authors: Allaway David , Gilham Matt , Wagner-Golbs Antje , Maldonado Sandra González , Haydock Richard , Colyer Alison , Stockman Jonathan , Watson Phillip 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShort-term feeding studies have highlighted a phenomenon in Ca regulation that raises concerns around Ca absorption in dogs that may make an impact on commercial diets near to the maximum recommended level. A recent study to determine responses in dogs fed one of two diets differing in dietary Ca over 40 weeks found no evidence to suggest a concern across a range of biological parameters hypothesised to be affected by Ca. Unforeseen consequences of dietary Ca could have occurred and metabolic profiling was deemed a suitable data-driven approach to identify effects of dietary Ca. The objectives were to compare the fasted plasma metabolome (sampled at 8-week intervals over 40 weeks) of dogs fed one of two diets, near to the minimum and maximum recommended levels of dietary Ca. Comparisons with the control diet were also investigated across the postprandial time course (1–4 h) following acute (1 d) and long-term (24 weeks) feeding of the test diet. Comparing fasted plasma samples at each time point, no significant effect (adjustedP< 0·05) of diet on metabolites was observed. In the postprandial state, only phosphate was consistently different between diets and was explained by additional dietary P to maintain Ca:P. Metabolic profiling analysis supports the view that the dietary Ca upper limit is safe. Additionally, the canine plasma metabolome was characterised, providing insights into the stability of individual profiles across 40 weeks, the response to consumption of a nutritionally complete meal over a 4 h postprandial time course and different kinetic categories of postprandial absorption.
An analysis of the impacts of Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events on global molluscan diversity dynamics
Authors: Freymueller Nicholas A. , Moore Jason R. , Myers Corinne E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOceanic anoxic events (OAEs) are contemporaneous with 11 of the 18 largest Phanerozoic extinction events, but the magnitude and selectivity of their paleoecological impact remains disputed. OAEs are associated with abrupt, rapid warming and increased CO2flux to the atmosphere; thus, insights from this study may clarify the impact of current anthropogenic climate change on the biosphere. We investigated the influence of the Late Cretaceous Bonarelli event (OAE2; Cenomanian/Turonian stage boundary; ~94 Ma) on generic- and species-level molluscan diversity, extinction rates, and ecological turnover. Cenomanian/Turonian results were compared with changes across all Cretaceous stage boundaries, some of which are coincident with less severe OAEs. We found increased generic turnover, but not species-level turnover, associated with several Cretaceous OAEs. The absence of a species-level pattern may reflect species occurrence data that are too temporally coarse to robustly detect patterns. Five hypotheses of ecological selectivity relating anoxia to survivorship were tested across stage boundaries with respect to faunality, mobility, and diet using generalized linear models. Interestingly, benthic taxa were consistently selected against throughout the Cretaceous regardless of the presence or absence of OAEs. These results suggest that: (1) the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (OAE2) was associated with a decline in molluscan diversity and increase in extinction rate that were significantly more severe than Cretaceous background levels; and (2) no differential ecological selectivity was associated with OAE-related diversity declines among the variables tested here.
‘Bottom-up’ effects in a tritrophic plant–aphid–parasitoid system: Why being the perfect host can have its disadvantages
Authors: Mehrparvar M. , Rajaei A. , Rokni M. , Balog A. , Loxdale H.D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study the host plant genotype effect on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Hemiptera: Aphididae) preference and performance, the effect of aphid genotype on parasitoids performance, as well as the indirect effects of plant genotypes on aphid parasitoid performance, were tested using different population samples of the aphid and its primary endoparasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Experiments were run as fully-factorial randomized block design in a greenhouse. Accordingly, host plant cultivar had significant effects on the total number of aphids and aphid-load whilst the fitness of the aphid genotypes were also influenced by plant cultivar. The effect of parasitism on cabbage aphids was significantly different between plant cultivars. Overall, the results revealed that cabbage aphid is under different selective pressures arising from both higher (parasitoid) and lower (host plant cultivar) trophic levels. The host plant cultivar had a significant effect on both aphid fitness and parasitism rate on particular aphid genotypes. This indicates that host-plant-adapted aphid species can create much context-dependency in the nature and strength of ‘fitness benefits parasitism’, which may in turn alter the costs and benefits of host specialization.
Foraging behavior ofAphidius matricariae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on tobacco aphid,Myzus persicae nicotianae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Rezaei M. , Talebi A.A. , Fathipour Y. , Karimzadeh J. , Mehrabadi M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior ofAphidius matricariae(Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a biological control agent ofMyzus persicae nicotianaeBlackman (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a key and cosmopolitan pest of tobacco fields. To achieve a strategy for the control of this pest and a mass-rearing program of the parasitoid, host stage preference, switching, functional response, and mutual interference ofA. matricariaewere investigated at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod. The parasitoid showed a preference for third- and fourth-instar nymphs of tobacco aphid in both choice and no-choice experiments. Using the Murdach's model, switching behavior was observed inA. matricariaebetween different density proportions of third- and fourth-instar nymphs. Further, the parasitoid exhibited a type II functional response when it was offered to third-instar nymphs ofM. persicae nicotianaeat six densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64). Based on the linear regression analysis, there was a significance difference between the logarithm of per capita searching efficiency and the logarithm of parasitoid density. As the wasp density increased, per capita searching efficiency decreased. The result of this study revealed thatA. matricariaeis an effective agent in the integrated management ofM. persicae nicotianae. In addition, application of these results can be important in mass-rearing program ofA. matricariae.
A revised chronostratigraphic framework for International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 sites in Laxmi Basin, eastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Routledge Claire M. , Kulhanek Denise K. , Tauxe Lisa , Scardia Giancarlo , Singh Arun D. , Steinke Stephan , Griffith Elizabeth M. , Saraswat Rajeev 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInternational Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 drilled Sites U1456 and U1457 in Laxmi Basin (eastern Arabian Sea) to document the impact of the South Asian monsoon on weathering and erosion of the Himalaya. We revised the chronostratigraphic framework for these sites using a combination of biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and strontium isotope stratigraphy. The sedimentary section at the two sites is similar and we divided it into six units bounded by unconformities or emplaced as a mass-transport deposit (MTD). Unit 1 underlies the MTD, and is of early–middle Miocene age at Site U1456 and early Paleocene age at Site U1457. An unconformity (U1) created by emplacement of the MTD (unit 2) during the late Miocene Epoch (at c. 9.83–9.69 Ma) separates units 1 and 2 and is identified by a marked change in lithology. Unit 3 consists of hemipelagic sediment with thin interbeds of graded sandstone of late Miocene age, separated from unit 4 by a second unconformity (U2) of 0.5–0.9 Myr duration. Unit 4 consists of upper Miocene interbedded mudstone and sandstone and hemipelagic chalk deposited between c. 8 and 6 Ma. A c. 1.4–1.6 Myr hiatus (U3) encompasses the Miocene–Pliocene boundary and separates unit 4 from unit 5. Unit 5 includes upper Pliocene – lower Pleistocene siliciclastic sediment that is separated from unit 6 by a c. 0.45 Myr hiatus (U4) in the lower Pleistocene sediments. Unit 6 includes a thick package of rapidly deposited Pleistocene sand and mud overlain by predominantly hemipelagic sediment deposited since c. 1.2 Ma.
Influence of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and bacterial bioinoculants on growth and yield ofCapsicum chinensecultivated in non-sterilized soil
Authors: Surendirakumar K. , Pandey R. R. , Muthukumar T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the global importance ofCapsicumspecies, there is limited information on the indigenous endomycorrhizal fungal association in this crop. Therefore, the diversity and colonization patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in roots of Naga King chilli (Capsicum chinense) were assessed during pre-flowering, flowering and fruit ripening growth stages under a sub-tropical shifting cultivation system of North Eastern India. All the roots examined had AMF colonization and the presence ofParis-type arbuscular mycorrhizal morphology is reported for the first time inC. chinense. A total of 11 AMF spore morphotypes were isolated from both field and trap culture soils. Maximum AMF spore density and root colonization were recorded during the pre-flowering and flowering stages, respectively. The influence ofFunneliformis geosporum, individually or in combination withPseudomonas fluorescensandAzotobacter chroococcum, on growth and yield ofC. chinense, was evaluated in a pot experiment using sterilized and non-sterilized soils. The application of AMF andP. fluorescensto sterilized soil significantly increased the growth, flower and fruit production, and nutrient content ofC. chinense. The highest growth rates and yields ofC. chinensein non-sterilized soils were achieved when AMF was combined with bothP. fluorescensandA. chroococcum. The results of the current study indicate the value of applying microorganisms to improve plant growth and performance in chillies. One of the mechanisms for this could be the facilitated assimilation of nutrients promoted by AMF and bacterial bioinoculants.
Morphological and molecular characterization ofLenonchium zanjanensesp. n. (Dorylaimida, Nordiidae) from Iran, with new insights into the phylogeny of the genus and a revision of its taxonomy
Authors: Asgari M. , Eskandari A. , Karani H.M. , Abolafia J. , Peña-Santiago R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe new speciesLenonchium zanjanensesp. n. is described from a natural habitat of Zanjan province, Iran, including line, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy illustrations and a molecular (18S, 28S) study. It is characterized by its 3.50–4.51 mm long body, rounded lip region, continuous and 13.5–15.5 µm broad, odontostyle 21–24 µm long, neck 362–490 µm long, double guiding ring, pharyngeal expansion 190–285 µm long, female genital system didelphic–amphidelphic, uterus simple and 185–320 µm long or 3.4–5.9 times the corresponding body diameter, vulva nearly equatorial (V= 45–53), tail conical-elongated to filiform (90–165 µm,c= 23–43,c′ = 2.4–5.3) with three or four mucro-like projections at the tip, spicules 58–64 µm long and 16–21 contiguous ventromedian supplements ending at the level of the anterior end of the spicules. The taxonomy of the genus is updated, with an emended diagnosis, list of species, key to their identification and a compendium of their main morphometrics.Lenonchium asterocaudatumis regarded as identical and a junior synonym ofL. denticaudatum.New insights into the phylogeny of the group are also provided, and the classification ofLenonchiumwithin Nordiidae is seriously questioned.