bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergleich des Regenerativen Zytokinprofils von Adipose Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) Gewonnen Mittels Abdominoplastik, Suction Assisted
Liposuction (SAL) und Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction (UAL)
Authors: Aitzetmüller Matthias Michael , Machens Hans-Günther , Schilling Arndt F , Duscher Dominik 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Mesenchymale Stromazellen sind aufgrund ihres regenerativen Potentials schon in zahlreichen Fachgebieten der Medizin im klinischen Einsatz. In
der Plastischen Chirurgie stehen vor allem Fettstammzellen (Adipose derived stromal cells = ASCs) aus Lipoasopirat im Mittelpunkt der rezenten Forschung. Die
Fähigkeit zur Ausschüttung von regenerativen Zytokinen ist der Schlüsselmechanismus im therapeutischen Einsatz von ASCs. Es sind zurzeit eine Vielzahl an
Methoden und Geräten zur Lipoaspiratgewinnung in der klinischen Anwendung. Bei den meisten dieser Geräte sind die Auswirkungen auf die regenerativen
Eigenschaften der ASCs noch weitgehend ungeklärt. Ziel dieser Studie ist der Vergleich der Expression von wesentlichen regenerativen Zytokinen von ASCs,
gewonnen mittels dreier Standardverfahren der Plastischen Chirurgie: Abdominoplastik, Suction assisted Liposuction (SAL) und Ultrasound assisted Liposuction
(UAL).
Patienten und Methoden UAL und SAL Lipoaspirate wurden jeweils von 3 gesunden weiblichen Probanden gewonnen, be vor eine Abdominoplastik an denselben
Patienten durchgeführt wurde. ASCs wurden aus UAL und SAL Lipoaspiraten sowie aus den Abdominoplastikresektaten isoliert und die RNA-Expression von wichtigen
regenerativen Zytokinen (HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), FGF-2 (basic fibroblast growth factor), MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), SDF-1 (stromal
cell-derived factor 1) und VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) verglichen.
Resultate Es zeigte sich kein Unterschied hinsichtlich der Expression von HGF, FGF-2, SDF-1 und VEGF zwischen den einzelnen Proben, jedoch eine
signifikant erhöhte Expression von MCP-1 in ASCs gewonnen aus UAL-Lipoaspirat.
Conclusio UAL stellt bezüglich Einfluss auf das ASC Expressionsprofil von Schlüsselzytokinen der Gewebserneuerung eine mit SAL zumindest vergleichbare
Methode dar. Sowohl UAL als auch SAL Lipoaspirate sind geeignet zur Gewinnung von funktionellen ASCs vergleichbar mit minimal manipulierten Zellen aus
Abdominoplastikresektaten.
Polysialic acid is a cellular receptor for human adenovirus 52
Authors: Lenman Annasara , Liaci A. Manuel , Liu Yan , Frängsmyr Lars , Frank Martin , Blaum Bärbel S. , Chai Wengang , Podgorski Iva I. , Harrach Balázs , Benkő Mária , Feizi Ten , Stehle Thilo , Arnberg Niklas 
Published: April 2018

Significance
We present here that adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) attaches to target cells through a mechanism not previously observed in other human pathogenic viruses. The interaction involves unusual, transient, electrostatic interactions between the short fiber capsid protein and polysialic acid (polySia)-containing receptors on target cells. Knowledge about the binding interactions between polySia and its natural ligands is relatively limited, and our results therefore provide additional insight not only into adenovirus biology but also into the structural basis of polySia function. Since polySia can be found in high expression levels in brain and lung cancers where its presence is associated with poor prognosis, we suggest that this polySia-binding adenovirus could be useful for design of vectors for gene therapy of these cancers.
Controlled Human Hookworm Infection: Accelerating Human Hookworm Vaccine Development
Authors: Diemert David , Campbell Doreen , Brelsford Jill , Leasure Caitlyn , Li Guangzhao , Peng Jin , Zumer Maria , Younes Naji , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Mejia Rojelio , Pritchard David I , Hawdon John M , Bethony Jeffrey M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Controlled human hookworm infection (CHHI) is a central component of a proposed hookworm vaccination-challenge model (HVCM) to test the efficacy of candidate vaccines. Critical to CHHI is the manufacture of Necator americanus infective larvae (NaL3) according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and the determination of an inoculum of NaL3 that is safe and reliably induces patent infection.

Methods
cGMP-grade NaL3 were produced for a phase 1 trial in 20 healthy, hookworm-naïve adults in the United States, who received either 25 or 50 NaL3. Participants were monitored for 12–18 weeks postinfection for safety, tolerability, and patency of N. americanus infection.

Results
Both NaL3 doses were well tolerated. Early manifestations of infection included pruritus, pain, and papulovesicular rash at the application site. Gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilia appeared after week 4 postinfection. The 50 NaL3 inoculum induced patent N. americanus infection in 90% of this dose group.

Conclusions
The inoculum of 50 NaL3 was well tolerated and consistently induced patent N. americanus infection suitable for future HVCM trials.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01940757.
Poles Apart
Authors: Livermore Roy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In just a few years, the magnetic bar-code secreted beneath the world’s oceans had provided detailed intelligence on the motions of the plates. When combined with other data from the sea floor, this allowed geophysicists to reconstruct the history of entire ocean basins following the rifting of Pangea. Some folk, however, are never happy, and ‘glass-half-empty’ types might well have complained that, impressive as all this was, it accounted for less than 200 million of the 4500 million years of Earth history, i.e. just 4%. What about that other 96%? Did plate tectonics operate through part or all of this long history and, in any case, how could you ever know, since the evidence had all been shredded by the closure of earlier oceans? There was hope: the same process that had so conveniently sequestered the recent history of the plates in the sea floor had also been at work throughout much of earlier geological time, recording the story in rocks onshore. By comparison with the high-definition picture of plate motions offered by bar-codes and fracture zones, this recording was monochrome, fuzzy, and incomplete. Yet, by the mid-1950s, it had already provided conclusive evidence that continents were truly mobile. Curiously, hardly anyone noticed.
Plate Tectonics by Jerks
Authors: Livermore Roy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Anyone living around the Pacific Ocean will be familiar with plate tectonics by jerks. That is, periods of quiescence when nothing much seems to be happening, punctuated by very large, frequently fatal, and so far unpredictable, earth movements on a time scale of seconds. Surprisingly, careful measurements of plate motions over periods of just a few years (using geodetic methods that will be discussed in Part II) show that the plates are in fact moving almost continuously, so that what there is on all but the very shortest timescales is ‘plate tectonics by creeps’. Happily, in this context, jerks and creeps are not mutually exclusive and so, unlike the biologists, there is no need to come to blows.
Continents and Supercontinents
Authors: Livermore Roy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Keith Runcorn’s boys showed beyond any doubt that the continents had been touring the globe since the Precambrian, long before they converged on Pangea. Their precise pre-Pangea itineraries were, however, uncertain, for while the ancient latitude of each block could be determined from the magnetic dip of suitable rock samples of the correct age (assuming such could be found), the ancient longitude was a different matter. The magnetic compass in ancient rocks recorded the direction to the ancient pole, but did not allow continents to be placed in their correct relative longitudes. Worse still, the best evidence of relative plate motions—marine magnetic anomalies and fracture zones—had all been shredded by subduction during the assembly of Pangea. And, since the old continents had been around the block a bit since the Paleozoic, there were no continental margins that you could fit together, as had been done for the Atlantic continents by Teddy Bullard and colleagues. Geologists were left only with indirect evidence from rock outcrops to guess the relative positions of these earlier continents. On the bright side, however, the lack of constraints freed them to give full reign to their imaginations, and they quickly began postulating lost supercontinents of all kinds.
The Final Frontier
Authors: Livermore Roy 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
After fifty years, you’d have thought that Harry Hess’ gloomy prognosis would have come to pass and plate tectonics research would by now be reduced to a mopping-up exercise. Nothing, however, could be further from reality. Surprisingly, many of the outstanding problems at the frontier of current research are also the most fundamental—still unresolved after a generation of effort. For example, when did plate tectonics begin (and when might it cease)? What came before plate tectonics? How are plates formed? Does plate tectonics occur elsewhere in the solar system? Progress is being made on all these questions, and answers to some could well be found within our lifetime.
Vector Control
Authors: Vaez-Zadeh Sadegh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The chapter begins with a description of the scalar control of PMS motors. The fundamentals of PMS motor vector control (VC) are then presented with an eye on the analogy with DC motor operating principles. The VC of surface-mounted permanent magnet pole motors and interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are presented in various reference frames. Current and voltage operating limits are incorporated into the control systems. Flux control modes of operation of PMS motors together with the corresponding control means in different reference frames are also presented in detail, as a particular feature of this book. These include maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control, maximum torque per voltage control, and unity power factor control. Finally, loss minimization control by offline and online strategies is elaborated after presenting the method of motors loss reduction and the PMS motor loss modeling.
Parameter Estimation
Authors: Vaez-Zadeh Sadegh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this chapter, the estimation of permanent magnetic synchronous (PMS) motor parameters, including stator winding resistance, motor inductances, and magnitude of permanent magnet flux linage, is presented in two main categories, i.e., offline and online. Several offline schemes, including DC and AC standstill tests, no-load test, load test, and vector control schemes, are presented for estimation of all the motor parameters. Major online schemes used in the estimation of PMS motor parameters are also presented in this chapter. They include closed-loop observer-based estimation, model reference adaptive system (MRAS)-based estimation, recursive least-squares (RLS) estimation, and extended Kalman filter scheme. The online schemes take into account the motor parameter variations during motor operation. The motor model, estimation procedure, and the connection of estimation systems to the motor control system are discussed for each parameter estimation scheme.
Words and the Musician
Authors: Phillips Tom 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe central claim advanced in this chapter is that significant connections between rhythm and semantic content form an important and under-examined stylistic feature of Pindar’s dactylo-epitrite epincians. In particular, the chapter focuses on passages in which sonic and rhythmical features express or imitate aspects of what the texts refer to, and that this ‘imitation’ could assume various degrees of complexity and abstraction depending on the nature of the linguistic referents of a given passage. The final part of the chapter examines how strophic responsion creates semantic and thematic connections between stanzas. A case is made for moving beyond a mode of reading that sees rhythmical features exclusively as subordinated to semantic meaning.
Music in Euripides’Medea
Authors: Thomas Oliver 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter argues that a tricky passage of Athenaeus, about Euripides’ use of melodic responsion in the play’s odes (453c–454a), is worth taking seriously. The reasons for doubting its information are not overwhelming, and moreover the effects of such responsion tie in excellently with what a number of the characters within the play (especially the chorus in the first and third stasima) have to say about music. In testing the hypothesis that Euripides employed ‘melodic responsion’ in the Medea, the chapter shows that melodic structure could have reinforced the odes’ semantics and themes, but also that it would have been a crucial element in the characterization of the chorus. This use of melody is also examined in the context of existing scholarship on Euripides’ adoption of various ‘New Musical’ forms later in his career.
Introduction
Authors: Adams-Prassl Jeremias 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Introduction outlines the main topics covered in this book which looks in depth at work in the gig economy across the world: its opportunities, its problems, and its wider implications. It then outlines the coverage of the individual chapters. The aim of this book is to consider the variety of approaches and business models within the gig economy, and look at how these constantly evolve to meet new market demands and regulatory challenges. In addition, chapters examine the competing narratives surrounding 'gigs', sharing, and collaboration and the reality of platforms reliant on on-demand workforces. The final chapters in this book develop a blueprint to solve the problems facing on-demand workers, platforms, and their customers.
Disrupting the Disruptors
Authors: Adams-Prassl Jeremias 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter turns to the regulation of work in the on-demand economy. To the extent that ‘disruption’ has become tech-speak for breaking the law, the time has come to ‘disrupt the disruptors’. On-demand gigs, tasks, and rides are work, rather than entrepreneurship—and should be recognized as such. This means that the industry needs to be brought within the scope of employment law. Legal systems across the world have learned to respond to employers’ attempts to mischaracterize work as independent entrepreneurship by focusing on the reality of the underlying relationship instead; in more complex multilateral scenarios, a further question crops up as to who should be the responsible employer. The time has come to rethink substantive employment law norms, from portable ratings to higher wages for non-guaranteed hours.
Simplifying Primitive Equations: Rotating Shallow-Water Models and their Properties
Authors: Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, one- and two-layer versions of the rotating shallow-water model on the tangent plane to the rotating, and on the whole rotating sphere, are derived from primitive equations by vertical averaging and columnar motion (mean-field) hypothesis. Main properties of the models including conservation laws and wave-vortex dichotomy are established. Potential vorticity conservation is derived, and the properties of inertia–gravity waves are exhibited. The model is then reformulated in Lagrangian coordinates, variational principles for its one- and two-layer version are established, and conservation laws are reinterpreted in these terms.
Instabilities of Jets and Fronts and their Nonlinear Evolution
Authors: Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNotions of linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic (in)stability are explained and criteria of instability of plane-parallel flows are presented. Instabilities of jets are investigated by direct pseudospectral collocation method in various flow configurations, starting from the classical barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. Characteristic features of instabilities are displayed, as well as typical patterns of their nonlinear saturation. It is shown that in the Phillips model of Chapter 5, new ageostrophic Rossby–Kelvin and shear instabilities appear at finite Rossby numbers. These instabilities are interpreted in terms of resonances among waves counter-propagating in the flow. It is demonstrated that the classical inertial instability is a specific case of ageostrophic baroclinic instability. At the equator it appears also in the barotropic configuration, and is related to resonances of Yanai waves. The nature of the inertial instability in terms of trapped modes is established. A variety of instabilities of density fronts is displayed.
Rotating Shallow-Water Models with Full Coriolis Force
Authors: Zeitlin Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe derivation of the rotating shallow-water model by vertical averaging is carried on in the tangent plane approximation without neglecting the vertical component of the Coriolis force, and contributions of the vertical component of velocity in its horizontal component (‘non-traditional’ terms), leading to one- and two-layer ‘non-traditional’ rotating shallow-water models. A similar approach on the whole sphere encounters difficulties with conservation of angular momentum. Consistent ‘non-traditional’ rotating shallow-water equations in this case are obtained from the variational principle, which is first formulated for full primitive equations. It is shown that columnar motion hypothesis should be replaced by solid-angle motion one on the sphere. Two-layer non-traditional rotating shallow-water equations are used to analyse inertial instability of jets and compare the results with Chapter 10. It is shown that non-traditional terms can increase the growth rates up to 30% in some configurations and can also change the structure of the unstable modes.
Proposing a Theoretical Framework for the Criminal Investigation of Human Trafficking Crimes
Authors: Pajón Laura , Walsh Dave 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Human Trafficking (HT) is considered as one of the most complex crimes to investigate. However, to date, little research has been conducted concerning what occurs during criminal investigations of HT. The present study, through interviewing 21 highly experienced and senior professionals from law enforcement agencies and governmental bodies in the UK, conceptualizes HT investigations under a common framework that underpins a model for the investigation of these crimes. Data from these narratives reveals that a total number of 22 investigative actions are commonly taken throughout the investigative process, following an apparent sequential route. While participants disagreed as to when/how to initiate and conclude an investigation, absolute agreement existed when considering multi-agency collaboration, tactical advice and support, and intelligence sharing (as core elements in HT criminal investigations). Such data enables both academic and practitioner communities to better identify what are effective investigation actions when these crimes are investigated.
Prospective Prognostic Cohort Study of Pressure Injuries in Older Adult Patients with Hip Fractures
Authors: Forni Cristiana , D’Alessandro Fabio , Genco Rossana , Mini Sandra , Notarnicola Teresa , Vitulli Arianna , Capezzali Daniela , Morri Mattia 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to assess the rate of pressure injury and real predictors thereof in the older adult population with hip fractures in an orthopedic hospital.

METHODS:
In this prospective prognostic cohort study, all patients admitted with fragility hip fractures were monitored over a 12-month period. On a daily basis, ward nurses and physiotherapists assessed the condition of the patients’ skin and collected data about all the predictors connected to their healthcare and hospital organization until the patients were discharged from hospital or until the onset of pressure injury.

RESULTS:
From October 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014, 467 older adult patients with fragility fractures were enrolled in the study. Of these, 27% (n = 127) developed a pressure injury. Multivariate analysis identified the following predictive factors: age older than 81 years, type of surgery, and placing the limb in a foam rubber splint. No other factor connected to the patient or medical, nursing, or rehabilitation treatment was significantly correlated to the onset of pressure injury, even when the univariate analysis showed some of them were possible predictors.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pressure injury in older adults with hip fractures is a relatively common complication, especially in high-risk patients or following certain treatments. These potential indicators could help provide safe and targeted care by preemptively identifying patients at highest risk of pressure injury.
Wound Care Center of Excellence: A Process for Continuous Monitoring and Improvement of Wound Care Quality
Authors: Howell Raelina S. , Kohan Lauren S. , Woods Jon S. , Criscitelli Theresa , Gillette Brian M. , Donovan Virginia , Gorenstein Scott 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Patients with chronic wounds require complex care because of comorbidities that can affect healing. Therefore, the goal of this project was to develop a system of reviewing all hospitalized patients seen by the study authors’ wound care service on a weekly basis to decrease readmissions, morbidity, and mortality. Weekly multidisciplinary conferences were conducted to evaluate patient data and systematically assess for adherence to wound care protocols, as well as to create and modify patient care plans. This review of pathology and the performance of root-cause analyses often led to improved patient care.

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To provide information about a study using a new process for continuous monitoring to improve chronic wound care quality.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After completing this continuing education activity, you should be better able to:
1. Recognize problems associated with chronic wound care.
2. Identify methods used in this project to improve care.
3. Illustrate the findings from this and similar projects and implications for providing improved wound care.
The Struggle Is Real: Investigating the Challenge of Assigning a Failing Clinical Grade
Authors: Couper Jeannie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between role strain, faculty stress, and perceived organizational support for nurse faculty who faced the decision to assign a failing clinical grade.

BACKGROUND
Although faculty are responsible for assigning a grade reflecting students' competence and ability to practice safely, faculty find it troublesome and stressful to assign a failing clinical grade.

METHOD
A national sample consisting of 390 nursing faculty completed an online four-part questionnaire with an open-ended question. Data were analyzed using parametric statistical testing and conventional content analysis.

RESULTS
Statistically significant relationships were found between role strain, faculty stress, and perceived organizational support. Ten issues related to system breakdown were identified. Most (82.6 percent) reported assigning the failing grade; many reported changes in teaching practices following the deliberation to assign a failing grade.

CONCLUSION
The decision to assign a failing clinical grade remains a significant issue for undergraduate and graduate clinical nurse faculty.