bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength of carbon nanotubes depends on their chemical structures
Authors: Takakura Akira , Beppu Ko , Nishihara Taishi , Fukui Akihito , Kozeki Takahiro , Namazu Takahiro , Miyauchi Yuhei , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSingle-walled carbon nanotubes theoretically possess ultimate intrinsic tensile strengths in the 100–200 GPa range, among the highest in existing materials. However, all of the experimentally reported values are considerably lower and exhibit a considerable degree of scatter, with the lack of structural information inhibiting constraints on their associated mechanisms. Here, we report the first experimental measurements of the ultimate tensile strengths of individual structure-defined, single-walled carbon nanotubes. The strength depends on the chiral structure of the nanotube, with small-diameter, near-armchair nanotubes exhibiting the highest tensile strengths. This observed structural dependence is comprehensively understood via the intrinsic structure-dependent inter-atomic stress, with its concentration at structural defects inevitably existing in real nanotubes. These findings highlight the target nanotube structures that should be synthesized when attempting to fabricate the strongest materials.
Comprehensive quantitative analysis of vector beam states based on vector field reconstruction
Authors: Suzuki Masato , Yamane Keisaku , Oka Kazuhiko , Toda Yasunori , Morita Ryuji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate a comprehensive quantitative analysis of vector beam states (VBSs) by using a vector field reconstruction (VFR) technique integrating interferometry and imaging polarimetry, where the analysis is given by a cylindrically polarized Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) mode expansion of VBSs. From test examples of cylindrically polarized LG mode beams, we obtain the complex amplitude distributions of VBSs and perform their quantitative evaluations both in radial and azimuthal directions. The results show that we generated (l, p) = (1, 0) LG radially polarized state with a high purity of 98%. We also argue that the cylindrically polarized LG modal decomposition is meaningful for the detail discussion of experimental results, such as analyses of mode purities and mode contaminations. Thus the VFR technique is significant for analyses of polarization structured beams generated by lasers and converters.
Enhancement of the local asymmetry in the hydrogen bond network of liquid water by an ultrafast electric field pulse
Authors: Elgabarty Hossam , Kaliannan Naveen Kumar , Kühne Thomas D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCondensed phase electron decomposition analysis based on density functional theory has recently revealed an asymmetry in the hydrogen-bond network in liquid water, in the sense that a significant population of water molecules are simultaneously donating and accepting one strong hydrogen-bond and another substantially weaker one. Here we investigate this asymmetry, as well as broader structural and energetic features of water’s hydrogen-bond network, following the application of an intense electric field square pulse that invokes the ultrafast reorientation of water molecules. We find that the necessary field-strength required to invoke an ultrafast alignment in a picosecond time window is on the order of 108 Vm−1. The resulting orientational anisotropy imposes an experimentally measurable signature on the structure and dynamics of the hydrogen-bond network, including its asymmetry, which is strongly enhanced. The dependence of the molecular reorientation dynamics on the field-strength can be understood by relating the magnitude of the water dipole–field interaction to the rotational kinetic energy, as well as the hydrogen-bond energy.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer patients who achieved a pathological complete response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Yu Jin , Kim Youngkyong , Kong Moonkyoo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the prognostic impact of ACT in patients who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR). Articles published from January 1990 to September 2018 were searched in EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of overall survival (OS) were extracted. Thirteen observational studies were included. There were four National Cancer Database studies with overlapping study periods, thus individual pooled analyses of four different datasets were conducted (n = 3,182, 3,330, 3,575, and 4,739 for pooled analysis sets including Dossa et al., Polanco et al., Xu et al., and Shahab et al., respectively). Although a trend toward improved OS with ACT was observed, statistical significance was not proven (P = 0.09, P = 0.03, P = 0.12, and P = 0.10, respectively). When we performed a stratified analysis comparing the results from single institution and multicenter studies, there was no significant prognostic benefit of ACT. Publication bias was not observed. Routine use of ACT in patients with a pCR could not be warranted from the present meta-analysis. Further study of individual patient data from randomized trials is needed to clarify the role of ACT.
Copper relay path through the N-terminus of Wilson disease protein, ATP7B
Authors: Shanmugavel Kumaravel Ponnandai , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In human cells, copper (Cu) ions are transported by the cytoplasmic Cu chaperone Atox1 to the Wilson disease protein (ATP7B) in the Golgi for loading of Cu-dependent enzymes. ATP7B is a membrane-spanning protein which, in contrast to non-mammalian homologs, has six cytoplasmic metal-binding domains (MBDs). To address the reason for multiple MBDs, we introduced strategic mutations in which one, two or three MBDs had been blocked for Cu binding via cysteine-to-serine mutations (but all six MBDs are present in all) in a yeast system that probes Cu flow through Atox1 and ATP7B. The results, combined with earlier work, support a mechanistic model in which MBD1-3 forms a regulatory unit of ATP7B Cu transport. Cu delivery via Atox1 to this unit, followed by loading of Cu in MBD3, promotes release of inhibitory interactions. Whereas the Cu site in MBD4 can be mutated without a large effect, an intact Cu site in either MBD5 or MBD6 is required for Cu transport. All MBDs, expressed as single-domain proteins, can replace Atox1 and deliver Cu to full-length ATP7B. However, only MBD6 can deliver Cu to truncated ATP7B where all six MBDs are removed, suggesting a docking role for this structural unit.
Structural insights into SUMO E1–E2 interactions in Arabidopsis uncovers a distinctive platform for securing SUMO conjugation specificity across evolution
Authors: Liu Bing , Lois L. Maria , Reverter David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
SUMOylation of proteins involves the concerted action of the E1-activating enzyme, E2-conjugating enzyme and E3-ligases. An essential discrimination step in the SUMOylation pathway corresponds to the initial interaction between E1 ubiquitin-fold domain (UFD) and E2 enzymes. Although E2 orthologs possess high sequence identity, the E2 binding region of the UFD domains has diverged across evolution. Moreover, in reciprocal in vitro conjugation reactions Arabidopsis E1 and E2 SCE1 fail to interact efficiently with cognate human E2 Ubc9 and E1 partners, respectively. To gain more insights into the properties of this interface in evolutionary distant organisms, we solved the crystal structure of SUMO E2 SCE1 and its complex with E1 UFD in Arabidopsis. In addition to a few common structural determinants, the interface between the E1 UFD and E2 in Arabidopsis is distinct compared with human and yeast, in particular by the presence of a longer α-helix in the Arabidopsis UFD domain. Despite the variability of E1 UFD domains in these surfaces, they establish specific interactions with highly conserved surfaces of their cognate E2 enzymes. Functional analysis of the different E2 interface residues between human and Arabidopsis revealed Val37 (Met36 in human), as a determinant that provides specificity in the E1–E2 recognition in plants.
Down-regulation of lncRNA XIST inhibits cell proliferation via regulating miR-744/RING1 axis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Jinglu , Cai Haibo , Dai Zhaoxia , Wang Gang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be potential factors in promoting tumor progression. However, the function and mechanism of lncRNA XIST in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poorly understood. The expression levels of lncRNA XIST in NSCLC tissues and cell lines were detected with real-time PCR, and the correlation of the expression level of XIST with histopathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed. The biological function of lncRNA XIST was validated through assays in vivo and in vitro. The expression of lncRNA XIST was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues. In addition, overexpression of XIST was positively correlated with the advanced clinical status of tumors, as well as poor overall survival and DFS. A tumor suppressive effect was presented via functional knockdown of lncRNA XIST. Up-regulation of XIST enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of NSCLC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, it was indicated that XIST could serve as an endogenous competitive RNA modulating miR-744, leading to the miR-744/RING1 signaling pathway inhibition and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation. Taken together, it was confirmed here that XIST overexpression is associated with tumor progression phenotype and the newly discovered XIST/miR-744/RING1 axis, which could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Planet formation and stability in polar circumbinary discs
Authors: Cuello Nicolás , Giuppone Cristian A. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Dynamical studies suggest that most circumbinary discs (CBDs) should be coplanar (i.e. the rotation vectors of the binary and the disc should be aligned). However, some theoretical works show that under certain conditions a CBD can become polar, which means that its rotation vector is orthogonal with respect to the binary orbital plane. Interestingly, very recent observations show that polar CBDs exist in nature (e.g. HD 98800).
Aims. We test the predictions of CBD alignment around eccentric binaries based on linear theory. In particular, we compare prograde and retrograde CBD configurations. Then, assuming planets form in these systems, we thoroughly characterise the orbital behaviour and stability of misaligned (P-type) particles. This is done for massless and massive particles.
Methods. The evolution of the CBD alignment for various configurations was modelled through three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. For the orbital characterisation and the analysis stability, we relied on long-term N-body integrations and structure and chaos indicators, such as Δe and MEGNO.
Results. We confirm previous analytical predictions on CBD alignment, but find an unexpected symmetry breaking between prograde and retrograde configurations. More specifically, we observe polar alignment for a retrograde misaligned CBD that was expected to become coplanar with respect to the binary disc plane. Therefore, the likelihood of becoming polar for a highly misaligned CBD is higher than previously thought. Regarding the stability of circumbinary P-type planets (also know as Tatooines), polar orbits are stable over a wide range of binary parameters. In particular, for binary eccentricities below 0.4 the orbits are stable for any value of the binary mass ratio. In the absence of gas, planets with masses below 10−5 M⊙ have negligible effects on the binary orbit. Finally, we suggest that mildly eccentric equal-mass binaries should be searched for polar Tatooines.
Stable decompositions of hp-BEM spaces and an optimal Schwarz preconditioner for the hypersingular integral operator in 3D
Authors: Karkulik Michael , Melenk Jens Markus , Rieder Alexander 
Published: July 2019

We consider fractional Sobolev spaces Hθ(Γ), θ∈[0, 1] on a 2D surface Γ. We show that functions in Hθ(Γ) can be decomposed into contributions with local support in a stable way. Stability of the decomposition is inherited by piecewise polynomial subspaces. Applications include the analysis of additive Schwarz preconditioners for discretizations of the hypersingular integral operator by the p-version of the boundary element method with condition number bounds that are uniform in the polynomial degree p.
Is There a Need to Alter the Timing of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Measurement During the Menstrual Cycle?
Authors: Gorkem Umit , Togrul Cihan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction There are numerous conflicting studies which have addressed the question whether the measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations should be done at a certain time during the menstrual cycle. We aimed to investigate AMH fluctuations during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and to determine whether AMH variations, if present, might influence the clinical utility of ovarian reserve markers.
Materials and Methods A total of 257 infertile women eligible for inclusion were categorized into three groups based on their total antral follicle count: 1. hypo-response group (< 7 follicles, n = 66), 2. normo-response group (7 – 19 follicles, n = 98), and 3. hyper-response group (> 19 follicles, n = 93).
Results Mean follicular AMH levels were elevated compared to levels in the luteal phase in all response groups (p < 0.001). There were significant and strong positive correlations between follicular and luteal AMH levels in all response groups (Spearmanʼs r = 0.822, r = 0.836, and r = 0.899, respectively; p < 0.001 for all groups). Fisherʼs Z-test comparisons of these correlations in all response groups demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference (Z = 0.277, Z = − 1.001, and Z = − 1.425, respectively; p < 0.001).
Conclusion We found that serum AMH levels in the follicular phase were higher than those in the luteal phase in all three response groups. In current practice, fluctuations in serum AMH concentrations are not large enough to alter the timing of AMH measurements during the menstrual cycle. The issue is important for the assessment of ovarian reserve in infertile women with AMH levels near to the cut-off value.
Shoulder Stiffness – How to Treat?
Authors: Cucchi Davide , Walter Sebastian Gottfried , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Friedrich Max Julian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractShoulder stiffness is a condition of restricted glenohumeral range of motion, which can arise spontaneously or as consequence of a known cause, including surgical procedures on the shoulder. Several approaches to shoulder stiffness have been proposed and high-level evidence is available to analyze and discuss their results. The aim of this review was to summarize the current concepts on conservative and operative treatment of shoulder stiffness and discuss the results of the available studies with a high level of evidence, which should be considered to guide clinical practice. Treatment of shoulder stiffness should be tailored to the patientʼs clinical situation and the stage of its shoulder pathology and should aim at pain reduction, restoration of range of motion, functional regain and shortening of symptoms duration. When possible, known risk factors for primary shoulder stiffness and causes of secondary shoulder stiffness should be addressed to avoid relapse. Conservative therapy is the mainstay of treatment for shoulder stiffness and should include a multimodal and activity-oriented program. Intra-articular injection of a low dose of corticosteroid is safe and effective, provides immediate benefits, and is recommended in combination to an appropriate rehabilitation protocol. In conservative refractory cases, arthrolysis and capsular release can be performed with an arthroscopic approach.
Psyche und Arbeitswelt
Authors: Kuhn Joseph , Brettner Johannes 
Published: July 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit vielen Jahren kann eine Zunahme der Krankschreibungen infolge von psychischen Störungen beobachtet werden. Auch die krankheitsbedingten Frühberentungen mit dieser Diagnose haben zugenommen. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt relevante Daten und Datenquellen zur Häufigkeit psychischer Belastungen sowie zu Beanspruchungen und Ressourcen am Arbeitsplatz vor. Zu den bedeutsamsten Belastungen zählen in der Arbeitswelt Leistungsdruck und Monotonie. Der Ausfall an Bruttowertschöpfung infolge psychischer Störungen betrug in Deutschland 2017 ca. 20 Milliarden Euro. Um das Thema auch auf Länderebene besser beobachten und ggf. Schwerpunkte bei Interventionen setzen zu können, wäre der Ausbau der Gesundheitsberichterstattung zur psychischen Gesundheit auf dieser Ebene notwendig.
Arbeit und psychische Erkrankung
Authors: Brieger Peter , Menzel Susanne 
Published: July 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGArbeit hat auch bei psychisch erkrankten Menschen eine überwiegend salutogenetische Bedeutung – sie macht nicht krank, sondern gesund. Der Artikel stellt Veränderungen der Arbeitswelt durch den gesellschaftlichen Wandel dar, er diskutiert, welche Auswirkungen dies auf psychisch kranke Menschen haben kann und welche Ansatzpunkte es für eine diesbezüglich bessere Versorgung gibt.
Operative Therapie bei postpartalen rektovaginalen Fisteln: die gynäkologische Sicht
Authors: Reisenauer Christl 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungSelten können Geburtsverletzungen rektovaginale Fistelbildungen (RVF) zur Folge haben. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, Ursachen und Management geburtshilflicher rektovaginaler Fisteln bei Patientinnen, die in der Universitäts-Frauenklinik Tübingen im Zeitraum Januar 2015 bis April 2019 operiert wurden, zu evaluieren. Fünf der 12 operativ versorgten rektovaginalen Fisteln waren Primärfisteln, in 7 Fällen lag ein Fistelrezidiv vor. Die operative Versorgung erfolgte über einen transvaginalen Zugang im Anschluss an die Geburt oder im Rahmen einer darauffolgenden Geburt. Die letztgenannte Vorgehensweise wählten wir bei Patientinnen mit hohem Rezidivrisiko bzw. bei denen, die ein hohes Risiko für postoperative funktionelle Beschwerden aufwiesen. Erstmalig wurden die schwangerschaftsbedingten Veränderungen der Vagina genutzt, um die Erfolgsraten eines Fistelverschlusses zu optimieren. 11 der 12 postpartalen rektovaginalen Fisteln konnten in unserem Patientenkollektiv verschlossen werden. Die Therapie einer geburtshilflich bedingten rektovaginalen Fistel hängt von dem Lokalbefund, den Voroperationen, den Wünschen der Patientinnen und der Erfahrung des Operateurs ab. Die Versorgung der Fisteln in Zentren ist eindeutig von Vorteil.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Platelet Ordering Errors and a Proposed Model for Evaluating Clinical Decision Support Effectiveness
Authors: Yarahuan Julia Whitlow , Billet Amy , Hron Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives Clinical decision support (CDS) and computerized provider order entry have been shown to improve health care quality and safety, but may also generate previously unanticipated errors. We identified multiple CDS tools for platelet transfusion orders. In this study, we sought to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of those CDS tools while creating and testing a framework for future evaluation of other CDS tools.
Methods Using a query of an enterprise data warehouse at a tertiary care pediatric hospital, we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess baseline use and performance of existing CDS for platelet transfusion orders. Our outcome measure was the percentage of platelet undertransfusion ordering errors. Errors were defined as platelet transfusion volumes ordered which were less than the amount recommended by the order set used. We then redesigned our CDS and measured the impact of our intervention prospectively using statistical process control methodology.
Results We identified that 62% of all platelet transfusion orders were placed with one of two order sets (Inpatient Service 1 and Inpatient Service 2). The Inpatient Service 1 order set had a significantly higher occurrence of ordering errors (3.10% compared with 1.20%). After our interventions, platelet transfusion order error occurrence on Inpatient Service 1 decreased from 3.10 to 0.33%.
Conclusion We successfully reduced platelet transfusion ordering errors by redesigning our CDS tools. We suggest that the use of collections of clinical data may help identify patterns in erroneous ordering, which could otherwise go undetected. We have created a framework which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of other similar CDS tools.
Comment Clauses and mood choice in New York City Spanish
Authors: Viner Kevin Martillo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on Spanish grammatical mood variation in Comment Clauses (e.g.,es mejor que no vayas(subjunctive) /vas(indicative) ‘it’s better you not go’) in the speech of two generations in New York City. The data come from 36 participants, 18 from each of two generational cohorts. Carried out within the variationist-sociolinguistic research paradigm, we test grammatical mood against eight variables, four external (generation, region, speaker sex, language skill) and four internal (grammatical tense, clause type, lexical identity, negation). Statistical findings reveal that generation significantly conditions subjunctive use (the first generation has a significantly higher rate of use of subjunctive forms than does the second generation); English skill conditions first-generation subjunctive use (those with ‘good or excellent’ English skills have a higher subjunctive rate than those with ‘fair or poor’ English skills); clause type conditions both generations’ subjunctive use (impersonal constructions yield a higher subjunctive rate than personal constructions); lexical identity and negation in the matrix clause both condition first-generation use of mood (gustar‘to like’ favors the indicative;importar‘to be important’ andser+ impersonal expression ‘to be’ both favor the subjunctive). Generational differences are thus observed with respect to both social and linguistic conditioning factors.
‘Agreement of structural obliques’parameter
Authors: Manzini M. Rita , Franco Ludovico 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe consider two sets of facts. The first is thatdomobjects may or may not agree with perfect participles in Indo-Aryan. The second is that (pseudo)partitive subjects may agree with the verb in the plural or not. We account for thedomparameter, basing on the assumption thatdomcorresponds to embedding of a DP under an oblique adposition: if P projects, thedomobject is labelled PP and does not agree; if D projects, it is labelled DP, projecting like any other DP. On the contrary, inherent datives, where P/K is lexically selected, must project P/K and are therefore not goals for Agree. We extend this labelling account to (pseudo)partitives, as well as to optionally agreeing oblique clitics in Romance.
Prolegomena to the study of object relations
Authors: Ormazabal Javier , Romero Juan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that there is nothing “differential” in the licensing conditions of Differential Object Marking and outlines an analysis that unifiesdomwith dative object marking and with a broader set of “derived object”-marking configurations. We show that neither morphological nor syntactic distinctiveness can be the driving force fordom: accounts ofdomas a morphological distinctiveness device are inadequate diachronically and very unefficient functionally. Syntactic analyses that postulate DP-internal differences or construction-specific double-licensing conditions fail to capture the basic fact thatdomis a relation between the objects and the predicates selecting them. Precisely, the burden of our unified explanation falls on the checking requirements imposed to the DP complements by the structural heads selecting them.