bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FROM BREXIT TO HEGEL
Authors: Chytry Josef 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBritish idealism has led an ambiguous existence in any overview of British historical and political thought in the twentieth century. Seen partly as an alien Continental intrusion into presumably typical British priorities of empiricism, positivism, and utilitarianism, it was badly damaged by its putative associations with the military enemy of two world wars. Admir Skodo's meticulous study of British “idealist revisionists” during the postwar period 1945–1980 repairs this damage by showing the extended influence of that idealism as funneled through the “new idealism” of the interwar period represented mainly by the philosophers R. G. Collingwood and Michael Oakeshott. Skodo demonstrates how these idealist revisionists deeply influenced postwar British historiography by underscoring qualities of humanism, pluralism, and variety not characteristically associated with idealism, reinterpreted a range of important topics in British history from the Tudors through the English civil wars to the Victorian period, and came up with political theorizing that celebrated the postwar welfare state while indicating its vulnerabilities to an increasingly technologized society. Just as Skodo's protagonists negotiated the 1970s transition in Britain's turn to Europe, so his account proves stimulating for contemporary concerns regarding a post‐Brexit Britain. The final part of the essay therefore looks at some suggested models, such as the “Anglosphere” or a “Singapore in the Atlantic” for Britain, before concluding with reflections on the importance according to a Hegelian reading of the modern “rational state” of the continued influence of Oxbridge intellectuals on the evolution of British directions and goals since the Victorian age.
INDIA, THE GREAT DIVERGENCE, AND THE WRECKAGE OF MODERNITY
Authors: Grimmer‐Solem Erik 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTResearch over the last two decades on the economic divergence of Europe and China before the nineteenth century has stimulated much recent scholarship investigating similar diverging paths between Europe and India. Following the lead of Kenneth Pomeranz, this work focuses on the demographic, ecological, and geographical factors in this divergence and argues for the direct comparability of the most economically advanced parts of Europe with such places as Gujarat and Mysore in Mughal India, which showed considerable proto‐industrial development before their relative economic decline and deindustrialization in the nineteenth century. The book under review approaches this topic by deploying a modified Marxian‐Weberian framework and draws on extensive research in Indian and British archives to argue that both Gujarat and Mysore might have embarked on paths of sustained economic growth through natural commercial expansion and deliberate mercantilist statecraft hindered by the East India Company. Despite resurging interest in Marx, much recent work in global economic history highlights the limitations of modernization theories drawn from a long tradition of Western social science indebted to the theories of Marx and Weber.
Fabrication of Ti3SiC2‐Ti4SiC3‐SiC ceramic composites through carbosilicothermic reduction of TiO2
Authors: Istomin Pavel , Istomina Elena , Nadutkin Aleksandr , Grass Vladislav , Kaplan Mikhail 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDense Ti3SiC2‐SiC, Ti4SiC3‐SiC, and Ti3SiC2‐Ti4SiC3‐SiC ceramic composites were fabricated through carbosilicothermic reduction of TiO2 under vacuum, followed by hot pressing of the as‐synthesized products under 25 MPa at 1600°C. In the reduction step, SiC either alone or in combination with elemental Si was used as a reductant. A one‐third excess of SiC was added in the reaction mixtures in order to ensure the presence of approximately 30 vol.% SiC in the products of synthesis. During the hot pressing step, the samples that contained Ti3SiC2 showed better densification compared to those containing Ti4SiC3. The obtained composites exhibited the strength properties typical of coarse‐grained MAX‐phase ceramics. The flexural strength values of 424 and 321 MPa were achieved in Ti3SiC2‐SiC, and Ti3SiC2‐Ti4SiC3‐SiC composites, respectively. The fracture toughness values were 5.7 MPa·m1/2.
Shape But Not Color Facilitates Two‐Year‐Olds’ Search Performance in a Spatial Rotation Task
Authors: Ebersbach Mirjam , Nawroth Christian 
Published: September 2018

Children younger than 3 years of age often fail to track hidden objects that are rotated together with identical hiding containers, which might be due to relatively complex paradigms. We examined whether 2‐year‐olds (N = 28) are already able to track spatial rotations (i.e., by 90° and 180°) if the task is facilitated by increasing the visual discriminability of the hiding containers by means of different shapes and different colors. Children performed above chance level in all conditions except for the condition in which containers had the same color and shape and were rotated by 180°. Moreover, children found the hidden object more often when the containers had different—as compared to identical—shapes, whereas performance was similar when the containers had the same or different colors. Furthermore, their performance was better after 90° rotations than after 180° rotations and children in all conditions showed an inhibition bias. Our findings suggest that 2‐year‐olds are already able to track spatial rotations if the task is kept simple and focuses solely on the ability of interest. In addition, young children use shape—rather than color—as a salient dimension in spatial rotation tasks.
The economics of stock touting during Internet‐based pump and dump campaigns
Authors: Siering Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInformation systems have facilitated the increase in relevance of financial markets. Nevertheless, the rise of the Internet has eased information‐based financial market manipulations. In this study, we examine the phenomenon of stock touting during pump and dump campaigns, in which deceivers advertise stocks to profit from an increased price level. We observe that the positive prospects promised are not confirmed by corporate disclosures and financial news. Furthermore, manipulators select targeted financial instruments based on specific stock and company characteristics. Manipulators avoid signals of anomaly and prefer unknown stocks. We find that stock touting has a positive market impact but that it is followed by a large decline in stock price in the subsequent days, causing investors to lose substantial amounts of their investments. We consider the impact of information generation, information content, and information presentation on the corresponding market reaction. Interestingly, information generation influences the demand for the stock, but information content and information presentation drive the willingness to pay. Our results are highly relevant for Internet users, software vendors, and market surveillance authorities, as a deep understanding of such information‐based manipulations is necessary to develop appropriate countermeasures.
Isobavachalcone sensitizes cells to E2‐induced paclitaxel resistance by down‐regulating CD44 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Chen Yi , Chen Wenxing , Tang Cuiju , Zhang Honghong , Chen Yuetong , Yang Xiuwei , Xu Zhi , Wei Jingsun , Chen Jinfei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOestrogen receptor (ER) is expressed in approximately 60%‐70% of human breast cancer. Clinical trials and retrospective analyses have shown that ER‐positive (ER+) tumours are more tolerant to chemotherapeutic drug resistance than ER‐negative (ER−) tumours. In addition, isobavachalcone (IBC) is known as a kind of phytoestrogen with antitumour effect. However, the underlying mechanism of IBC in ER+ breast cancer needs to be elucidated further. Our in vitro experiments showed that IBC could attenuate 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐induced paclitaxel resistance and that E2 could stimulate CD44 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells but not in ER− cells. Meanwhile, E2 could promote ERα expression to render ER+ breast cancer cells resistant to paclitaxel. Furthermore, we established paclitaxel‐resistant breast cancer cell lines and determined the function of ERα in the enhancement of paclitaxel resistance via the regulation of CD44 transcription. IBC down‐regulated ERα and CD44 expression and thus inhibited tumour growth in paclitaxel‐resistant xenograft models. Overall, our data demonstrated for the first time that IBC could decrease CD44 expression level via the ERα pathway and make ER+ breast cancer cells sensitive to paclitaxel treatment.
Insertion Torque of Variable‐Thread Tapered Implants in the Posterior Maxilla: A Clinical Study
Authors: Abi‐Aad Habib L. , Daher Fadi I. , Baba Nadim Z. , Cordioli Giampiero , Majzoub Zeina A.K. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPurposePrimary stability is a key factor for successful implant osseointegration, especially in poor bone quality and early/immediate loading. In the immediate loading protocol, insertion torque values (ITVs) have been suggested to be the most valid prognostic factor for osseointegration of maxillary implants. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate ITVs achieved by a variable‐thread tapered implant in the posterior maxilla; and (2) assess the impact of bone quality, implant dimensions, bicortical anchorage, and implant location on ITVs.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six adult, systemically healthy patients received 173 variable‐thread tapered implants in maxillary premolar and molar healed edentulous sites with a minimum subsinus height of 8 mm. Implant sites were prepared using the bone‐quality adjusted drilling sequence according to manufacturer's recommendations. Bone quality was recorded subjectively during drilling based on Misch criteria (D1‐D4), and ITVs were measured with a manual torque wrench. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed at the 0.05 significance level.ResultsFirst and second molar sites accounted for 46.8% of all implants. D4 bone was encountered in 61.3% of the sites. Most of the implants were 4.3 mm in diameter (59.5%), and lengths of 11.5 and 13 mm were most commonly used (75.2%). Approximately half of the implants were associated with apical cortical anchorage (51.4%). The overall mean ITV was 44.5 ± 23.0 Ncm, with 65.5 ± 15.6 Ncm, 55.5 ± 19.6 Ncm, and 36.6 ± 21.7 Ncm for D2, D3, and D4 bone, respectively. Bone quality and implant location significantly affected ITVs, while implant dimensions and apical cortical anchorage did not.ConclusionsITVs of variable‐thread implants were significantly influenced by variations in bone quality and implant position in the posterior maxilla. Despite the influence of bone quality on primary stability, the mean ITVs attained with variable‐thread tapered implants in poor bone quality were within the recommended range for immediate loading.
Effect of cell size on growth rates of two Skeletonema species and their competitve interactions
Authors: Ando Yutaro , Katano Toshiya 
Published: September 2018

We investigated shifts in growth rates and cell size reduction–restoration processes in two species of diatoms, Skeletonema japonicum and Skeletonema dohrnii. Growth rates greatly fluctuated from 1.0 to 2.1 per day, even under the same conditions. Rates increased from 1.1 to 2.1 per day with decreasing valve diameter; however, rates quickly decreased to 1.0 per day when cell size reached the threshold for initiating auxosporulation. We also conducted co‐culture experiments using different size combinations of the two species. The experiment was started using the same cell densities (75 cells · mL−1) of both species, and when batch cultures reached late exponential phase, the cultures were reinoculated twice into new medium. When large (valve diameter of 17 μm) S. japonicum cells and small (6 μm) S. dohrnii cells were co‐cultured, the S. dohrnii contributed 99% of the total cell density on day 16 (S. dohrnii: 263,900 cells · mL−1; S. japonicum: 2,000 cells · mL−1). In contrast, when small (9 μm) S. japonicum cells and large (15 μm) S. dohrnii cells were co‐cultured, small S. japonicum cells accounted for 97% of the total cell density after only 13 d (S. dohrnii: 1,900 cells · mL−1; S. japonicum: 62,500 cells · mL−1). This study demonstrated that diatom growth rates covary with cell size, and this phenomenon potentially determines the outcome of competition between species.
Quantitative genetic changes in reproductive performance of giant freshwater prawn after 10 years of selection for increased growth rate
Authors: Vu Nguyen Thanh , Nguyen Nguyen Hong 
Published: September 2018

ContentsEffect of long‐term selection for improved growth on reproductive performance of giant freshwater prawn (GFP) Macrobrachium rosenbergii has not been reported in the literature. The present study aimed to measure correlated responses in reproductive traits and to estimate genetic parameters for these characters in a GFP population selected for high growth over ten generations from 2007 to 2016. A total of 959 breeding females (offspring of 515 sires and 810 dams) had measurements for seven reproductive traits (weight before spawn WBS; weight after spawn WAS; Fecundity FEC or number of larvae per female at hatching; first age to reach post‐larvae PLAGE; zoea (e) weight ZOEAWT; larval survival during hatchery phase SURV1 and survival from PL to tagging SURV2. The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and mixed model analysis were used to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate selection responses for the seven traits studied. Our REML analysis showed that heritability for these traits ranged from 0.04 to 0.42 (SE: 0.19–0.28). Female body weight either before or after spawning had strong positive phenotypic correlations with fecundity (0.52–0.98). By contrast, the phenotypic correlations of WBS/WAS with larval and fry survivals were not significant (−0.08–0.05). Genetic correlations among fecundity‐related traits studied were not different from zero due to their high standard errors. Correlated responses in reproductive traits were measured by comparing least squares means of the selection line and control group. Females of the selected line for high growth had significantly greater weight before or after spawning than that of the control group. There were, however, no statistical differences between the two lines in the other traits. It is concluded that selection for high growth did not have detrimental impact on reproductive performance of breeding females in the present population of GFP.
Fairness and the Puzzle of Disability
Authors: Bognar Greg 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConsider two cases. In Case 1, you must decide whether you save the life of a disabled person or you save the life of a person with no disability. In Case 2, you must decide whether you save the life of a disabled person who would remain disabled, or you save the life of another disabled person who, in contrast, would also be cured as a result of your intervention. It seems that most people agree that you should give equal chances in Case 1: saving the life of the person with no disability would be unfair discrimination against the person with disability. Yet, in Case 2, it appears that many people believe that you are at least permitted to save straightaway the person who would have no disability after your intervention. There would be no unfair discrimination against the other person. I argue that these judgements present a puzzle for theories of resource allocation in normative ethics. The puzzle is straightforward for consequentialists: the two cases have the same outcomes, but the judgements are different. But the puzzle also presents a problem for nonconsequentialist views. After introducing the cases, I show this by reviewing a number of proposals for solving the puzzle. I argue that none of these proposals are successful. I then make my own proposal and conclude by spelling out its implications.
Radiographic distribution of ureteral stones in 78 cats
Authors: Nesser Valerie E. , Reetz Jennifer A. , Clarke Dana L. , Aronson Lillian R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo document the distribution of ureteral stones in cats.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsSeventy‐eight cats.MethodsAbdominal radiographs with ureteral stones were reviewed. The location of stones was categorized as proximal ureter (PU), midureter (MU), or ureterovesicular junction (UVJ). The number, size, and location of stones were recorded by using the kidneys and vertebral bodies as landmarks. Stone location in cats with 1 versus multiple stones was assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the incidence of ureteral stone location.ResultsAmong cats with a single stone (44%, 34/78), 44% (15/34) had a stone in the PU, 41% (14/34) had a stone in the MU, and 15% (5/34) had a stone at the UVJ. When multiple stones were present, 61% (27/44) of cats had at least 1 stone located in the PU, 70% (31/44) had at least 1 stone located in the MU, and 34% (15/44) had at least 1 stone located at the UVJ. The L4 vertebral body most commonly marked stone location in cats with 1 stone and the most distal stone in cats with multiple stones. Stones located at the UVJ site were more common in male (37%) than in female (12%) cats (P = 0.004). Larger stone size was associated with a more proximal location (P = 0.04).ConclusionUreteral stones were more commonly located in the PU and the MU than in the UVJ. UVJ stones were more common in male than in female cats, and larger stones had a more proximal location.Clinical significanceThis study enhances our understanding of feline ureteral stone location and identifies a correlation between stone location and stone size.
Does supportive legislation guarantee access to pregnancy termination and postabortion care services? Findings from a facility census in Central Province, Zambia
Authors: Cresswell Jenny A , Owolabi Onikepe O , Chelwa Nachela , Dennis Mardieh L , Gabrysch Sabine , Vwalika Bellington , Mbizvo Mike , Filippi Veronique , Campbell Oona M R 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionZambia is one of the few countries in Africa to permit termination of pregnancy (TOP) on a wide range of grounds. However, substantial barriers remain to TOP and postabortion care (PAC).MethodsWe conducted a census of 153 facilities between March and May 2016. We defined facilities according to whether they met basic and/or comprehensive signal functions criteria for TOP and PAC. We linked our facility data to census data to estimate geographic accessibility under different policy scenarios.ResultsOverall, 16% of facilities reported they had performed a TOP and 39% performed a PAC in the last year. Facilities were twice as likely to use medical methods for TOP compared with surgical methods, and four times more likely for PAC. Considerably more facilities had performed TOP or PAC than met the basic or comprehensive signal functions criteria, indicating services were being performed in facilities below essential quality standards. Under current Zambian law for non-emergency scenarios, 21% of women in Central Province lived within 15 km of a facility with basic capability to provide TOP; if midlevel providers were trained to provide TOP, this would increase to 36%.ConclusionA supportive legislative framework is essential, but not in itself sufficient, for adequate access to services. Training midlevel providers, in line with WHO guidance, and ensuring equipment is available in primary care can increase accessibility of TOP and PAC. While both medical and surgical methods need to be available, medical abortion is a safe and effective method that can be provided in low-resource settings.
A formative evaluation of online information to support abortion access in England, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Duffy Deirdre Niamh , Pierson Claire , Best Paul 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate web-based information on accessing abortion services retrieved through internet searches in different jurisdictions from the perspective of service users. To provide a formative evaluative mechanism for enabling user-focused design of abortion access information web pages.DesignWeb searches were conducted in three countries—England, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland—using two search engines in the summer of 2016. Four search terms were used and the first two pages of results were analysed. The perspective of someone seeking abortion services was used. Sources were evaluated using a five-item tool combining user-based indicators identified in other instruments and a question on jurisdictional accuracy.ResultsA total of 619 web pages were retrieved through initial searches, 83 of which related to accessing services; 22 pages were retrieved from the Republic of Ireland, 31 from Northern Ireland, and 30 from England. Fewer than a third (n=31) were judged as good or excellent by the tool. The jurisdictional relevancy of information retrieved varied; almost half of all results in each country provided information that was either inaccurate within or irrelevant to the jurisdiction where the search took place.ConclusionsIf online information is to support abortion access, the circumstances and perspective of the user requires more attention. Designers of abortion information pages online need to ensure that information about access is relevant to the jurisdiction in which users are based.
Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide CN-105 improves outcome in a murine model of SAH
Authors: Liu Ji , Zhou Guanen , Kolls Bradley J , Tan Yanli , Fang Chuan , Wang Haichen , Laskowitz Daniel T 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 3% of all strokes, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is growing evidence implicating apolipoprotein E (apoE) in mediating adaptive anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses following ischaemic and traumatic brain injury. In the current study, we test the efficacy of a small apoE mimetic peptide, CN-105 in a murine model of SAH.MethodsMice subjected to SAH received repeated intravenous injections of CN-105 every 12 hours for 3 days, with the first dose given 2 hours after injury. Daily functional outcomes were assessed by rotarod and neurological severity score. Haemorrhage grade and cerebral vascular diameters were measured at 5 days post-SAH. Cerebral microgliosis, neuronal degeneration and survival were analysed at 5 and 35 days post-SAH, respectively.ResultsCN-105 reduces histological evidence of inflammation, reduces vasospasm and neuronal injury and is associated with improved long-term behavioural outcomes in a murine model of SAH.ConclusionsGiven its favourable pharmacokinetic profile, central nervous system penetration and demonstration of clinical safety, CN-105 represents an attractive therapeutic candidate for treatment of brain injury associated with SAH.
Minkowski Games
Authors: Roux Stéphane Le , Pauly Arno , Raskin Jean-François 
Published: September 2018

We introduce and study Minkowski games. These are two-player games, where the players take turns to choose positions in R<sup<d</sup< based on some rules. Variants include boundedness games, where one player wants to keep the positions bounded, and the other wants to escape to infinity; as well as safety games, where one player wants to stay within a prescribed set, while the other wants to leave it.
We provide some general characterizations of which player can win such games and explore the computational complexity of the associated decision problems. A natural representation of boundedness games yields coNP-completeness, whereas the safety games are undecidable.