bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review: The Impact of the Battery Electrode Material Substrate on the Composition and Properties of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Coatings
Authors: Tiurin Ortal , Ein‐Eli Yair 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe applications of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology in the Li‐ion field are numerous: from protective coatings to high‐surface area active materials and composite electrodes to manufacturing and production of battery materials. The synergy between electrode materials and ALD coatings has been proven repeatedly; however, extensive knowledge of the reasons behind these benefits is needed. The lack of such know‐how is partly due to the common deposition and characterization methods applied in the field, where the deposition of films is performed on so‐called “simple substrates” (such as copper, silicon, or stainless steel) as opposed to the intended substrate material, which is either a complicated matrix of metal oxides or porous/inactive surfaces. In fact, real interactions between the electrode materials and the ALD coating vary greatly and depend on the substrate material identity. Here, the authors provide the reader with insight and an eye‐opening review of the effect of battery electrode substrates on the composition and quality of ALD coatings. They also report the importance of the suitable and most applicable characterization methods for ALD coatings and ALD film‐electrode interfaces.
Graphene Mesh for Self‐Sensing Ionic Soft Actuator Inspired from Mechanoreceptors in Human Body
Authors: Tabassian Rassoul , Nguyen Van Hiep , Umrao Sima , Mahato Manmatha , Kim Jaehwan , Porfiri Maurizio , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere, inspired by mechanoreceptors in the human body, a self‐sensing ionic soft actuator is developed that precisely senses the bending motions during actuating utilizing a 3D graphene mesh electrode. The graphene mesh electrode has the permeability of mobile ions inside the ionic exchangeable polymer and shows low electrical resistance of 6.25 Ω Sq−1, maintaining high electrical conductivity in large bending deformations of 180°. In this sensing system, the graphene woven mesh is embedded inside ionic polymer membrane to interact with mobile ions and to trace their movements. The migration of mobile ions inside the membrane induces an electrical signal on the mesh and provides the information regarding ion distribution, which is proven to be highly correlated with the bending deformation of the actuator. Using this integrated self‐sensing system, the responses of an ionic actuator to various input stimulations are precisely estimated for both direct current and alternating current inputs. Even though the generated displacement is extremely small around 300 µm at very low driving voltage of 0.1 V, high level accuracy (96%) of estimated deformations could be achieved using the self‐sensing actuator system.
The Correlation Between Emergency Medicine Residents’ Grit and Achievement
Authors: Olson Adriana Segura , Williamson Kelly , Hartman Nicholas , Cheema Navneet , Olson Nathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of emergency medicine (EM) residents who struggle with educational attainment is difficult. In‐training examination (ITE) scores predict success on the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) Qualifying Examination; however, results are not available until late in the academic year. The noncognitive trait “grit,” defined as “perseverance and passion for long‐term goals,” predicts achievement in high school graduation rates, undergraduate GPA, and gross anatomy. Grit‐S is a validated eight‐question scale scored 1 to 5; the average of responses represents a person’s grit. Our objective was to determine the correlation between EM resident Grit‐S scores and achievement, as measured by MCAT percentiles, ITE scores, and remediation rates.Study Design and MethodsThis was a 1‐year prospective, multicenter trial involving ten EM residencies from 2017 to 2018. Subjects were PGY‐1 to ‐4 EM residents. Grit‐S scores, MCAT percentile, remediation rates, ITE scores, and the ITE score’s prediction of passing the ABEM Qualifying Examination were collected. Correlation coefficients were computed to assess the relationship between residents’ grit and achievement.ResultsA total 385 of 434 (88.7%) residents participated who completed the Grit‐S as part of a larger study. The mean Grit‐S score was 3.62. Grit positively correlated with the predicted likelihood of passing the ABEM Qualifying Examination (r = 0.134, n = 382, p = 0.025). There was no correlation between grit and remediation (r = −0.04, n = 378, p = 0.46) or grit and MCAT percentiles (r =− 0.08, n = 262, p = 0.22).ConclusionsThe positive correlation between Grit‐S scores and percent likelihood of passing the ABEM Qualifying Examination demonstrates grit’s potential to assist residency leadership in early identification of residents who may attain a lower ITE score.
Low‐Frequency Brain Oscillations Track Motor Recovery in Human Stroke
Authors: Bönstrup Marlene , Krawinkel Lutz , Schulz Robert , Cheng Bastian , Feldheim Jan , Thomalla Götz , Cohen Leonardo G. , Gerloff Christian 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe majority of patients with stroke survive the acute episode and live with enduring disability. Effective therapies to support recovery of motor function after stroke are yet to be developed. Key to this development is the identification of neurophysiologic signals that mark recovery and are suitable and susceptible to interventional therapies. Movement preparatory low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs) play a key role in cortical control of movement. Recent animal data point to a mechanistic role of motor cortical LFOs in stroke motor deficits and demonstrate neuromodulation intervention with therapeutic benefit. Their relevance in human stroke pathophysiology is unknown.MethodsWe studied the relationship between movement‐preparatory LFOs during the performance of a visuomotor grip task and motor function in a longitudinal (<5 days, 1 and 3 months) cohort study of 33 patients with motor stroke and in 19 healthy volunteers.ResultsAcute stroke–lesioned brains fail to generate the LFO signal. Whereas in healthy humans, a transient occurrence of LFOs preceded movement onset at predominantly contralateral frontoparietal motor regions, recordings in patients revealed that movement‐preparatory LFOs were substantially diminished to a level of 38% after acute stroke. LFOs progressively increased at 1 and 3 months. This re‐emergence closely tracked the recovery of motor function across several movement qualities including grip strength, fine motor skills, and synergies and was frequency band specific.InterpretationOur results provide the first human evidence for a link between movement‐preparatory LFOs and functional recovery after stroke, promoting their relevance for movement control. These results suggest that it may be interesting to explore targeted, LFOs‐restorative brain stimulation therapy in human stroke patients. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:853–865
Self‐Assembled Gold Arrays That Allow Rectification by Nanoscale Selectivity
Authors: Cai Jiarong , Ma Wei , Xu Liguang , Hao Changlong , Sun Maozhong , Wu Xiaoling , Colombari Felippe Mariano , de Moura André Farias , Silva Mariana Cristina , Carneiro‐Neto Evaldo Batista , Chaves Pereira Ernesto , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe deposition of a monolayer nanoarray on the surface of a micrometer‐thick substrate is demonstrated, producing rectification characteristics at the nanoscale. The experimental results show that the heterogeneity of the structure and the charge density are the two key factors affecting rectification, which was confirmed with molecular dynamic (MD) and finite element simulations. Moreover, by altering the asymmetric electrolyte environment, the fabricated heterogeneous membrane can be used in energy conversion. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the generation of rectification and related factors, providing a theoretical basis for the characteristics of rectification.
Accessing 1,2‐Substituted Cyclobutanes through 1,2‐Azaborine Photoisomerization
Authors: Giustra Zachary X. , Yang Xinyu , Chen Min , Bettinger Holger F. , Liu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe provide a seminal example of the utility of the 1,2‐azaborine motif as a 4C+1N+1B synthon in organic synthesis. Specifically, conditions for the practically scalable photoisomerization of 1,2‐azaborine in a flow reactor are reported that furnish aminoborylated cyclobutane derivatives. The C−B bonds could also be functionalized to furnish a diverse set of highly substituted cyclobutanes.
Graphene‐Oxide‐Modified Lanthanide Nanoprobes for Tumor‐Targeted Visible/NIR‐II Luminescence Imaging
Authors: Song Xiaorong , Li Shihua , Guo Hanhan , You Wenwu , Shang Xiaoying , Li Renfu , Tu Datao , Zheng Wei , Chen Zhuo , Yang Huanghao , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of hydrophilic lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals (Ln3+‐NCs) with molecular recognition ability for bioimaging currently remains a challenge. Herein, we present an effective strategy to circumvent this bottleneck by encapsulating Ln3+‐NCs in graphene oxide (NCs@GO). Monodisperse NCs@GO was prepared by optimizing GO size and core–shell structure of NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4, thus combining the intense visible/near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) luminescence of NCs and the unique surface properties and biomedical functions of GO. Such nanostructures not only feature broad solvent dispersibility, efficient cell uptake, and excellent biocompatibility but also enable further modifications with various agents such as DNA, proteins, or nanoparticles without tedious procedures. Moreover, we demonstrate in proof‐of‐concept experiments that NCs@GO can realize simultaneous intracellular tracking and microRNA‐21 visualization, as well as highly sensitive in vivo tumor‐targeted NIR‐II imaging at 1525 nm.
Improving the performance of novel polysulfone‐based membrane via sulfonation method: Application to water desalination
Authors: Khodami Samaneh , Babanzadeh Samal , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHigh‐performance polymers for water desalination were designed. A novel polysulfone was prepared via reaction between a new synthesized pyridine‐based diol and bis(4‐fluorophenyl) sulfone. Also a series of disulfonated copolymers with sulfonation content of 20–50 wt% were prepared to compare the hydrophilicity with the pristine polymer. The generated membranes were characterized by microscopic, mechanical, and thermal methods, and the influence of sulfonation degree on hydrophilicity, water flux, and salt rejection was followed. Water flux of sulfonated membranes was increased compare to pristine membrane as sulfonation increased, while the salt rejection decreased. Optimum application performance was obtained for membrane with 30 wt% sulfonation content. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48568.
Mechanical properties and morphology of coal gasification fine slag glass bead‐filled acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) composites
Authors: Ai Weidong , Zhang Jiupeng , Zhang Jinyi , Miao Shiding , Wei Cundi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCoal gasification fine slag glass beads (CGFSGBs) were processed via an efficient pneumatic separation technique. CGFSGB products (CGFSGB‐S1, CGFSGB‐S2, and CGFSGB‐S3) with different sizes were acquired. The heavy calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as comparative filler. Effects of particle size and geometric shape on mechanical strengths, flow properties, and solid density of filled acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) were investigated. The mechanical strengths of composites decreased with increasing CGFSGB weight fraction, while MFR and solid density increased. The mechanical strengths were found to increase with decreasing CGFSGB size, and spherical surface of the CGFSGB is more beneficial to improve interface adhesion strength than square surface of the CaCO3. The flow property analysis showed that the ABS/CaCO3 composites have better fluidity and the advantages in the processing energy consumption. However, the incorporation of CaCO3 resulted in the higher solid‐state density. In summary, CGFSGBs have the potential to replace CaCO3 in the ABS market. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48601.
Structural, mechanical, and gas barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanohybrid using nanotalc
Authors: Saxena Dipti , Soundararajan Narendren , Katiyar Vimal , Rana Dipak , Maiti Pralay 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTAmorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/nanotalc nanohybrids have been prepared through solution casting route. The fine dispersion of nanotalc clay in the polymer matrix has been examined through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The intercalation and interaction of nanoclay have further been confirmed using X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet, and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The thermal stability has been tested via thermogravimetric analysis and nanohybrids have been found thermally stable. The glass‐transition temperature has been further confirmed through DTA and differential scanning calorimetry analysis which has been increased in the presence of nanotalc arising from greater interaction. The nanohybrids have been tested for their mechanical performances and have been found to have improved mechanical responses for nanotalc‐filled nanohybrids. The modulus has been increased whereas toughness has been compromised meagerly. The modulus values have been theoretically predicted using various micromechanical models. The microhardness of the nanohybrids has been examined through Vicker hardness test. The theoretical prediction of the hardness values has been done using different micromechanical models. The structural development upon uniaxial stretching of the samples has been studied using small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle ray diffraction. The stretched samples have found to have short‐range ordering as well as increased blob size and better coherency in the presence of nanotalc. The aspect ratio has been increased upon stretching. The inclusion of nanotalc has induced high barrier for gas permeation as compared to pure PET. The oxygen transmission rate has been found to decrease up to 64% for 8 wt % of filler concentration. The prediction of the permeability data has been done using different models considering different aspect ratios. The permeability values have been predicted very closely and nanohybrids have been found suitable for practical applications such as packaging. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,137, 48607.
Septal Aperture of the Humerus: Etiology and Frequency Rates in Two European Populations
Authors: Bradshaw Rebecca , Eliopoulos Constantine , Borrini Matteo 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTAnalysis of the septal aperture was conducted on two documented European populations. Collections from the National Museum of Natural History Lisbon, Portugal, and University of Athens, Greece, were used for the study. Both collections are modern and documented for sex and age. The Portuguese sample comprises 297 individuals (149 males and 148 females) between the ages of 18 and 88. A septal aperture was observed in 50 individuals resulting in a frequency of 16.83%. The Greek sample comprises 117 individuals (68 males and 49 females) between the ages of 20 and 65. Twenty‐five septal apertures were observed, giving a frequency of 21.37%. Both populations had high frequencies which exceeded those observed in European countries in previous studies. Sex analysis shows that both samples confirm that septal apertures are more common in females. The Portuguese sample also supports that septal apertures are more common in the left humerus; however, the Greek sample had a higher frequency of bilateral cases. Measurements of the Portuguese sample were taken to determine whether robusticity correlates with presence of septal apertures. These measurements concluded that there was no difference in robusticity with presence or absence of a septal aperture, challenging previous studies. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1821–1830, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Energy efficiency and indoor air quality of seminar rooms in older buildings with and without mechanical ventilation
Authors: Maas Stefan , Da Cruz Antunes Joël , Steffgen Georges 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present paper reports on an experimental study performed in a seminar room of the University of Luxembourg in a building of the 1970ies without a major renovation. This lecture room is typical for this building period and has a capacity of 60 seats. It is equipped with a mechanical ventilation system that is normally in operation on workdays for 11 hours a day in semester periods (8:00–19:00h), while windows can be opened manually. A blower‐door test revealed that the room is not airtight. During a year, the ventilation system was shut “on” and “off” in periods of some weeks and the consumed final‐energy was measured, as well as the indoor climate assessed by physical and psychological measurements. For instance, the measured CO2 concentrations are marginally better with the ventilation system „on“, which was not perceived in any way by the occupants during the investigations. It was not possible to properly identify the impact of ventilation on the consumed heat‐energy, as the room could not be thermally separated from the rest of the building. But with the system “on”, there was a clear increase in consumed primary energy due to the electric consumption of the fans. No relationship between the perceived percentage of dissatisfied and perceived climate could be observed. It is concluded that the typical normal operation modus is questionable for seminar rooms in older buildings with variable occupancy and that a simple shut down or semi‐automatic user‐controlled modus by low‐cost retrofit seems advantageous.
Ermüdungsnachweis für Elementdecken mit Gitterträgern
Authors: Furche Johannes , Bauermeister Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElementdecken aus vorgefertigten Stahlbetonplatten mit Gitterträgern und aufbetonierter Ortbetonschicht werden seit Jahren auch bei nicht vorwiegend ruhender Beanspruchung eingesetzt [1]. Die Anwendungs‐ und Bemessungsregeln hierzu wurden auf der Grundlage von Bauteilversuchen festgelegt. Erste ermüdungsbeanspruchte Verbundbauteile mit horizontaler Verbundfuge überstanden als Prüfkriterium zwei Millionen Lastwechsel ohne Versagen. Das Bemessungskonzept wurde für diese Lastwechselzahl formuliert. Inzwischen wurden sowohl Ermüdungsversuche an Elementdecken mit größerer Lastwechselzahl durchgeführt als auch Wöhlerlinien für Gitterträger als Verbundbewehrung und Schubbewehrung ermittelt. Das Bemessungskonzept in der allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung für Gitterträger wurde daher an das Bemessungskonzept des Eurocodes für Stahlbetonbauteile angepasst. Auf der Grundlage der neuen Zulassung lässt sich der Ermüdungswiderstand sowohl über einen Betriebsfestigkeitsnachweis als auch über eine äquivalente Spannungsschwingbreite nachweisen.
Polytetrafluoroethylene covered stents during PCI: Wanting more from our “savior”
Authors: Seth Ashok , Singh Vivudh Pratap 
Published: October 2019

Key Points
Polytetrafluoroethylene covered stents are life‐saving treatment of coronary artery perforation and effective treatment for coronary artery aneurysm.
Procedural and Technical consideration may improve long‐term outcomes.
New generation of user friendly covered stents could aid rapid stabilization of patients during coronary artery perforation.
Dietary specialization is conditionally associated with increased ant predation risk in a temperate forest caterpillar community
Authors: Singer Michael S. , Clark Robert E. , Johnson Emily R. , Lichter‐Marck Isaac H. , Mooney Kailen A. , Whitney Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe enemy‐free space hypothesis (EFSH) contends that generalist predators select for dietary specialization in insect herbivores. At a community level, the EFSH predicts that dietary specialization reduces predation risk, and this pattern has been found in several studies addressing the impact of individual predator taxa or guilds. However, predation at a community level is also subject to combinatorial effects of multiple‐predator types, raising the question of how so‐called multiple‐predator effects relate to dietary specialization in insect herbivores. Here, we test the EFSH with a field experiment quantifying ant predation risk to insect herbivores (caterpillars) with and without the combined predation effects of birds. Assessing a community of 20 caterpillar species, we use model selection in a phylogenetic comparative framework to identify the caterpillar traits that best predict the risk of ant predation. A caterpillar species' abundance, dietary specialization, and behavioral defenses were important predictors of its ant predation risk. Abundant caterpillar species had increased risk of ant predation irrespective of bird predation. Caterpillar species with broad diet breadth and behavioral responsiveness to attack had reduced ant predation risk, but these ant effects only occurred when birds also had access to the caterpillar community. These findings suggest that ant predation of caterpillar species is density‐ or frequency‐dependent, that ants and birds may impose countervailing selection on dietary specialization within the same herbivore community, and that contingent effects of multiple predators may generate behaviorally mediated life‐history trade‐offs associated with herbivore diet breadth.
Assessing factors associated with changes in the numbers of birds visiting gardens in winter: Are predators partly to blame?
Authors: Swallow Ben , Buckland Stephen T. , King Ruth , Toms Mike P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe factors governing the recent declines observed in many songbirds have received much research interest, in particular whether increases of avian predators have had a negative effect on any of their prey species. In addition, further discussion has centered on whether or not the choice of model formulation has an effect on model inference. The study goal was to evaluate changes in the number of 10 songbird species in relation to a suite of environmental covariates, testing for any evidence in support of a predator effect using multiple model formulations to check for consistency in the results. We compare two different approaches to the analysis of long‐term garden bird monitoring data. The first approach models change in the prey species between 1970 and 2005 as a function of environmental covariates, including the abundance of an avian predator, while the second uses a change–change approach. Significant negative relationships were found between Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and three of the 10 species analyzed, namely house Sparrow Passer domesticus, starling Sturnus vulgaris, and blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus. The results were consistent under both modeling approaches. It is not clear if this is a direct negative impact on the overall populations of these species or a behavioral response of the prey species to avoid feeding stations frequented by Sparrowhawks (which may in turn have population consequences, by reducing available resources). The species showing evidence of negative effects of Sparrowhawks were three of the four species most at risk to Sparrowhawk predation according to their prevalence in the predator's diet. The associations could be causal in nature, although in practical terms the reduction in the rate of change in numbers visiting gardens accredited to Sparrowhawks is relatively small, and so unlikely to be the main driver of observed population declines.