bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triangular inequality for 3d Euclidean simplicial complex in loop quantum gravity
Authors: Husin Idrus , Sebastian Ignatius , Ariwahjoedi Seramika , Zen Freddy P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Triangular inequality is an important relation in geometry such that this relation, intuitively, is a statement that the direct line connecting two points is the shortest one. Loop quantum gravity is presented after a reformulation of gravity using Ashtekar variables. The quantization follows the Dirac procedures, which results in the existence of state of quanta of 3d space as an element of Hilbert space. Spin network states has become the basis state for quanta of space in loop quantum gravity. In loop quantum gravity space is discrete and the geometrical quantity is quantized at the Planck scale. In 3d space, we can define triangular discretization of the hypersurface. In this article we discuss the length spectrum and check whether the triangular inequality is satisfied by the quantum length. The answer to the question is positive, such that even at the Planck scale the triangular inequality is still valid.
Capabilities of non-medicamentous sympathocorrection of the tone of cerebral veins in people with accelerated ageing
Authors: Yakimova M E , Gavrilova M N , Polozova O V , Zimina I S , Mukhina S A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article studies the effectiveness of the electroimpulse sympathocorrector influence on the area of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in patients with early signs of ageing. Using the ultrasound angiography method, we found that the course of sympathocorrection normalizes the diameter of internal jugular veins and contributes to improvement of cerebral venous outflow. In its turn, this implies that the development of angiodystonic changes, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis in the organism are decelerated. The method of percutaneous electroimpulse actions in the area of the cervical sympathetic ganglia can be recommended as a way to prevent premature and accelerated ageing in the blood circulatory system and as an additional method in complex therapy.
Detectability of flat microdefects in radiographic images obtained using linear microfocus bremsstrahlung source based on 18 MeV betatron with narrow target inside
Authors: Rychkov M M , Kaplin V V , Smolyanskii V A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For the determination of ability of microfocus Bremsstrahlung (Bs) source based on B-18 betatron to detect flat microgaps and microinclusions in heavy material products the investigations were carried out. The radiographic images of 10 μm gaps and 13 μ m tantalum (Ta) foil into steel bulk which were oriented at different angles with respect to the direction of radiation were investigated. The assembly of four steel blocks having 10 μm gaps between their neighbor surfaces was placed on goniometer. The 13 μm Ta foil having the length of 4 mm along radiation beam was mounted in a plastic holder which was also placed on the goniometer. For modeling narrow gaps and thin inclusions inside the bulk of steel detail, the experimental samples were placed before a thick steel plate. The radiographic images of the samples were obtained with a 2.4-fold magnification at different orientations of narrow gaps and Ta foil with respect to the radiation beam and at the thick steel plates of different thicknesses. The results illustrate high sensitivity of detecting of the microgaps inside steel bulk and flat microinclusions from heavy material in the bulk of detail made from a lighter material due to the microfocus of Bs source.
Specific features of diagnostic of wellhead equipment and gas field pipelines at the stage of declining production
Authors: Balina O V , Nassonov V V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies of climatic factors impact on the processes of aging and degradation of materials of field equipment in the Subpolar climatic zone. On the basis of diagnostic measures and analysis of dispatching data on daily pressure fluctuations in pipelines, ambient temperature variations, frequency of wind gusts and amount of precipitation the damage probabilities of the pipeline linear section and wellhead equipment due to various factors have been determined.
Hardware-software system for magnetic analysis of structure
Authors: Kostin V , Vasilenko O , Byzov A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relative values of the magnetic properties of a substance is shown to be determined locally by measuring the magnetic field induction in the transducer hole of a special form made in the magnetic circuit of the measuring transducer and the tangential component of the magnetic field in the interpolar transducer space near the surface of the magnetized object.The proposed method is shown to allow for the determination of the whole complex of hysteresis characteristics and significantly expand the ranges of measurement of magnetic properties.The difference in the structural sensitivity of the magnetic properties locally determined in the coordinates “flow-internal field” (properties of matter) and in the coordinates “flow in the product-current in the windings” (properties of the “body”) is established.The possibility and expediency of simultaneous measurement and pooled analysis of the magnetic characteristics of the substance and the “body” is shown.Information about the mobile hardware-software system DIUS-1.15M, designed to implement one-and multi-parameter methods of monitoring the structural-phase and stress-strain state of ferromagnetic materials and objects based on the proposed measurement techniques is provided.
Study of the effect of ultrasound scanner settings on the level of radiation intensity by the reciprocity method
Authors: Bogdan O P , Muravieva O V , Gulyaeva Yu S , Shirobokova A D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a new method of measuring the intensity on the radiating surface of the convex sensor of the ultrasonic diagnostic scanner EDAN U50 with its various settings was proposed, based on the reciprocity method using a hydrophone calibrated with a vibration simulator. The effect of the following scanner settings on the peak-spatial average time-averaged intensity in B-mode was experimentally investigated: ultrasonic radiation frequencies, number of focuses, and number of focus positions. It was found that changing the scanner settings significantly changes the temporal parameters of the emitted bursts of pulses, which affects the result of averaging intensity over time. At the same time, an increase in the number of focuses leads to a decrease in intensity, while an increase in the focus of the positions and frequency of the radiation, on the contrary, leads to its growth. Studies have shown that the intensity value exceeds the allowable values at almost any settings of the ultrasound scanner, with the exception of the ultrasound frequency of 2.5 MHz.
Control of defects in layer composite materials by the method of electromagnetic emission
Authors: Borovikov A K , Luchnikov P A , Podgorny Yu V , Frolova O A , Chernova N I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article considers the method of non-destructive quality control of layered composite materials based on registration and spectral analysis of electromagnetic radiation of piezoactive adhesive joint and cavitation acoustic noise. The method allows the diagnostics of adhesive compound defects of layer composite materials with 50 [%] accuracy and 0.7 confidence level. The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the adhesive compound shows defects at the layered boundary. The use of active piezoelectric layer of elastomer adhesive joint increases adhesion strength at stratification by 2.1 – 5.2.
The research of the quality of ECG recording by capacitive electrodes in violation of the skin-electrode contact
Authors: Boyakhchyan A A , Ivanov M A , Morenetz A I , Pavlenko B N , Torgaev S N , Lezhnina I A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents actual development in the field of personal telemedicine. For personal cardiographs most suitable dry electrodes that do not require a conductive gel. This article describes experiments with capacitive electrodes from Plessey Semiconductors. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, it is planned to create own capacitive electrodes with the possibility of detuning from the skin-electrode contact.
Temperature regulator for containers with working substance in high-frequency metal vapor active media
Authors: Bukreev E G , Kozhemyak O A , Musorov I S , Ogorodnikov D N , Drobchik V V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the study of the control functions for the temperature control of containers with the active substance in active media on metal vapors. Nonlinear control function was built and tested with a layout of container. Tests demonstrate discordant, but primary positive results of using nonlinear regulator instead of linear proportional-integral-differential (PID) regulator.
Hierarchy of calibrated global models reveals improved distributions and fluxes of biogeochemical tracers in models with explicit representation of iron
Authors: Yao Wanxuan , Kvale Karin F , Achterberg Eric , Koeve Wolfgang , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Iron is represented in biogeochemical ocean models by a variety of structurally different approaches employing generally poorly constrained empirical parameterizations. Increasing the structural complexity of iron modules also increases computational costs and introduces additional uncertainties, with as yet unclear benefits. In order to demonstrate the benefits of explicitly representing iron, we calibrate a hierarchy of iron modules and evaluate the remaining model-data misfit. The first module includes a complex iron cycle with major processes resolved explicitly, the second module applies iron limitation in primary production using prescribed monthly iron concentration fields, and the third module does not explicitly include iron effects at all. All three modules are embedded into the same circulation model. Models are calibrated against global data sets of NO3, PO4 and O2 applying a state-of-the-art multi-variable constraint parameter optimization. The model with fully resolved iron cycle is marginally (up to 4.8%) better at representing global distributions of NO3, PO4 and O2 compared to models with implicit or absent parameterizations of iron. We also found a slow down of global surface nutrient cycling by about 30% and a shift of productivity from the tropics to temperate regions for the explicit iron module. The explicit iron model also reduces the otherwise overestimated volume of suboxic waters, yielding results closer to observations.
Aloe Vera as A Coating Material for Tropical Fruits Using Spray Method
Authors: Darmawati E , Nava N , Suyatma N E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aloe vera is one of the coating materials that has begun to be widely studied. The application of spray method in fruit coating requires the formulation of a solution to generate droplets that are small, smooth and can forms a film. The purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of the film and droplet produced by various concentrations of aloe vera solution applied by spray method. Observation variables for selection of the best concentration included droplet diameter, film thickness, and Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR). Solution with 10% aloe vera resulted in droplet diameter of 0.26 mm, while at a concentration of 20% yielded a droplet diameter of 0.37 mm. The thickness of the film produced from both- concentrations were 0.9 mm. The WVTR value was not significantly different, i.e 3.02 g/m2- day and 3.03 g/m2-day for the concentration 10% and 20%, respectivaly. The application of 10% aloe vera coating using spray method on rambutan of Lebak varieties decreased respiration rate from 15.08 ml O2/kg-hour to 5.77 ml O2/kg-hour at 10° C storage temperature. Based on these result, the selected formula of coating using spray method was 10% aloe vera solution.
Effect of Hormone Treatment, Coating Material and Ethylene Absorber on the Shelf Life of Mangosteen
Authors: Herawati H , Winarti C , Setyabudi D A , Wahyuningsih K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several factors affect the shelf life of mangosteen fruit, such as the low quality of fruit at harvest time or poor storage and transportation precise conditions before the fruit is consumed. Cause of poor quality of mangosteen fruit for export due to hardening of fruit skin after harvest and harvesting through matures caused by the lack of proper handling of harvest and postharvest. The objective of the research was to study the effect of hormone treatment, coating material and ethylene absorber to the shelf life of mangosteen. Treatments were implemented by coating process using a combination of GA3 hormone treatment and coating materials (chitosan and wax). The other treatments used were combination of plastic and teabag packaging containing KMNO4. The study was designed using a completely randomized design. Observations included external visuals, internal visuals, weight loss, color, texture, and skin structure. The data analysis was performed using SPSS 2.1 software. At first week, the condition of treated mangosteen fruit were still resembles with fruit on day-0. This was due to the cooling factor, assisting in the process of maintaining the freshness of the mangosteen fruit.
Chemical Identification of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke
Authors: Mulyawanti I , Kailaku S I , Syah A N A , Risfaheri  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coconut shell liquid smoke is produced from a chemical pyrolysis process that involved smoke bearing water vapor from burning coconut shells in very high temperature. Materials used in this study were coconut shell liquid smoke with three different grades. Visually, grade 1 liquid smoke was clear. Grade 2 liquid smoke was reddish in color and not as clear as grade 1, while grade 3 was dark brown. This difference may indicate that each grade had different chemical compositions. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical compounds of the three different grades of coconut shell liquid smoke using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Extraction was carried out using Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME). Result showed that the coconut shell liquid smoke contains high content of polyphenol. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo(a)pyrene were also found. The findings of this study may be useful as basis in the determination of the application of the different grades of coconut shell liquid smoke.
Curing Process Modification of Shallot Through Cutting Leaves
Authors: Amiarsi Dwi , Sasmitaloka K S , Arif A B , Widayanti S M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Shallot (Allium cepa L. Var. ascalonicum Backer) is one of horticulture crop that serves as a spice in daily cuisine for almost all Indonesian people. One of postharvest handling of shallot after harvesting is the curing process to extend the freshness of shallot bulbs. Curing process needs a lot of energy to dry the leaves. Even though the curing process only to dry the bulbs. For this reason, we can cut the leaves through a curing process to save the energy. This study aimed to obtain the right cutting leaves to save energy needed in the curing process. T he shallot bulbs are harvested in the morning. Then the shallot leaves are cut to the length of each leaf 1-10; 11-20; 21-30 cm and without cutting (as a control). The results showed that the cutting technique of shallot leaves with a leaf length of 1-10 cm to 11-20 cm from the initial leaf length could shorter until 4 days curing processing time with a weight loss of 16.22%, water content of 80.83%, the brightness value of 45.60, and the texture of 1589.00 grams/mm2.
Simple extraction of silica nanoparticles from rice husk using technical grade solvent: effect of volume and concentration
Authors: Setyawan N , Hoerudin  , Wulanawati A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne of the main components of rice husk ash (RHA) is silica, which can be used as raw material for fertilizer. The study examined influences of various volume and concentration on silica extraction. The silica was extracted using a technical alkaline grade solvent (NaOH) with a variation in volume/the ratio of RHA to the amount of solvents (1: 4, 1: 5, and 1: 6) and the solvent concentration (0.50, 0.75 and 1 N). The highest average yield was found in the concentration of 1 N solvent with the ratio of RHA to the number of solvents 1: 6 is 62.83%. Based on the physical characteristics of silica from RHA which include whiteness (93.2496.66%), moisture content (0.49-2.81%), and density (0.56-0.95 g / mL) indicates that the use of technical alkaline solvents tends to decrease the purity of the proven silica also with the presence of major contaminants such as Na and Cl and other elements through SEM-EDX, XRF, and XRD test. In saline soils, the presence of contaminants in silica with an amorphous phase (2θ = 22.29°) especially Na and Cl may have a negative effect if used as raw material for fertilizers.
Effect of Arrowroot Nano Starch Preparation Methods on the Characteristics of Temulawak Oleoresin Microcapsules
Authors: Winarti C , Richana N , Mangunwidjaja D , Sunarti T C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Active compounds of temulawak often have some disadvantages such as barely dissolve in water, unstable in alkaline and acidic conditions, that need to be overcome by coating with the starch matrix. Starch nanoparticles precipitated with alcohol can serve as coating material because it has a helical hole and the porous structure. The research objective was to determine the effect of starch nanoparticles coating materials on the characteristics of temulawak microcapsule. The treatments tested included types of coating/starch matrix resulted from two different preparations of arrowroot starch nanoparticles namely by butanol and ethanol precipitation with two degrees of hydrolysis. The parameters observed consist of yield, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), morphology (SEM and TEM), particle size distribution and polydispersity index (PDI), FTIR, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the yield of microcapsules ranged from 42.91 to 58.31%, with EE from 48.69 to 69.59% and DL from 19.02 to 28.96%. Microcapsule size ranged from micro to nano size having 200 nm in average with rounded shape, and polydispersity index from 0.69 to 0.94. The antioxidant activity showed that microcapsule coated with butanol precipitation starch matrix was higher than that of ethanol precipitation. The FTIR analysis showed a binding of the active ingredient (curcumin) in the matrix as seen with the new absorption peak at a wavelength of 1510 cm−1 as well as two new peaks at 1750 cm−1 and 3730 cm−1.
The Effect of Air-Drying on Yield of Essential Oil from Sereh Wangi Plants Cultivated on Degraded Land
Authors: Achmad E , Mursalin  , Novra A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L) is a kind of plant producing essential oil. The cultivation does not require special requirements, can be grown on less fertile soil, and able to rehabilitate degraded and critical lands. In this study, 5 levels of drying duration (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days) were observed for their effect on the yield of citronella oil grown at 3 critical levels of land (quite critical, critical, and very critical). The experiment was designed in a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The distillation of whole citronella leaves was carried out for 4 hours using steam distillation method. The result showed that the air drying significantly affected the yield of citronella oil. An increase in drying duration decreased the yield of oil in a linear trend. The highest yield of oil was produced from fresh raw material (0 days drying duration). The decrease of the oil yield due to the increase of drying duration at three levels of critical land (quite critical, critical, and very critical) followed the equation Y1 = - 0.024x + 0.711; Y2 = -0.017x + 0.704; and Y3 = -0.012x + 0.704 (for y = yield [%] and x = drying duration [day]).
Effect of Acid And Hydrolysis Duration on The Characteristics of Arrowroot and Taro Starch Nanoparticles
Authors: Winarti C , Widaningrum  , Surono I S , Uswah M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arrowroot and taro are underutilized tuber. Modification of starch into starch nanoparticles will open to opportunities for further development. The aim of this research was to find out the influence of acid types and hydrolysis length on the characteristics of the resulted starch nanoparticle. There were group of treatments including source of starch: arrowroot and taro beneng starch, and the acid types was HCland H2SO4, and the length of hydrolysis was 3 and 5 hours. The results showed that the yield of arrowroot nanoparticle starch was higher than taro, 21.64 - 34.44% and 33.83 - 51.22%, respectively. Hydrolysis with HCl and H2SO4 produced starch nanoparticles (NP) with different characteristics. Treatment with HCl provides higher yield than that of H2SO4, but particle size was larger. The average size of the taro and arrowroot starch nanoparticles produced by hydrolysis by H2SO4 was 379.2 nm and 464.4 nm, respectively, with high polydispersity index of 0.480 and 0.621. Meanwhile, the crystallinity of taro and arrowroot starch NP increased from 44.1 into 87.3% and 43.5% into 51.3%, respectively. Acid hydrolysis improved solubility of starch nanoparticles but decreased the swelling power and gelatinization temperature. Starch nanoparticles can be implemented as a reinforcing agent for packaging, and carrier material for phytochemicals or agro-chemicals.
Study on Yoghurt Powder Probiotic Quality using Foam-Mat Drying Method
Authors: Miskiyah  , Juniawati  , Ayu K , Mulyati A H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Yoghurt powder probiotic has been produced by fermentation of milk using yoghurt cultures, Streptococcus thermophillus ENCC 0040, Lactobacillus bulgaricus ENCC 0041, Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707. The aim of this research was to determine the concentration and type of foam material to produce the best quality of yoghurt powder. Two types of foaming agents were used at different concentration as egg albumin 15%, 20%, 25% and tween 80 for 0.75%, 1.25%, 1.75%. The yoghurt foam was dried at 50°C for 3 h in cabinet dryer. The results showed that characteristic of yoghurt powder probiotic using 20% egg albumin meets the standard of the SNI (2981:2009) requirements as it was characterized by physicochemical and microbiologically. Moisture content 6,29%; ash content 4,82%; fat content 15,29%; protein content 26,47%; phosphor (P) content 634,15 ppm; and calcium (Ca) content 5121,71 ppm; acidity (lactic acid) 1,57%; lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count 1.8x1010 CFU/g; and yield 19.05%.