bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Listening To Binaural Beats on Frontal EEG Alpha and Beta of Males and Female
Authors: Norhazman Haryanti , Mohamad Zaini Norliza , Taib Mohd Nasir , Azura Othman Kama , Jailani Rozita , Omar H. A. 
Published: April 2019

Healthy brain is important in making sure that our lives are run properly. In most cases, normal and emotionally stable persons can think wisely and most of the time they are able to execute proper strategy in any problem solving. Listening to the Binaural Beats tone is one of the methods to distress. The effects of the Binaural Beats tone on male and female were observed on Alpha and Beta sub bands in both hemispheres. 40 subjects were involved in EEG data collection of sessions before and after listening to the binaural beats. The frequency of the beats used in this research is Alpha frequency of 9 Hz. The Energy Spectral Density feature (ESD) for both left and right hemispheres were used. Graphical analysis observing the box plot from the Normality Test shows that in session before, females have higher alpha level in both hemispheres as compared to males. Females have lower beta level in both hemispheres as compared to males. In session after listening to the binaural beats, both males and females have better decrement in beta levels in both hemispheres. Decrement in Beta sub bands also indicates that the subjects are getting more relaxed. The results indicate that male’s brain is easier to be entrained. During listening to noise, female group shows that they are easily affected by noise as compared to males.
Keywords: Binaural Beats, EEG, ESD, female and male
Ethical Codes as Instruments for Cooperative Sustainability
Authors: Aris Nooraslinda Abdul , Othman Rohana , Rahman Safawi Abdul , Marzuki Marziana Madah , Wan Chik Wan Mohd Yusof 
Published: April 2019

Numerous ethical breaches have made cooperatives, and their management endures pressure to improve their image and ethical performance. One of the ways identified is by adopting ethical codes. Codes are regarded as instruments to enhance social responsibility that contain open guidelines describing desirable behavior and closed guidelines prohibiting certain behaviors. Codes clarify the norms and values organizations seek to uphold. Regarded as social enterprises, cooperatives are compelled to scale up their operations for sustainability reasons towards positive contribution to the national economy. Past research on ethical codes affecting behavior, attitude and performance has yielded mixed results. In addition, there are very few studies devoted to cooperatives. This paper presents the results of scientific literature, highlighting how ethical codes and sustainability may progressively improve the cooperatives’ image and reputation in the eyes of the stakeholders.

Keywords: ethical codes, social responsibility, sustainability, cooperative
The Relationship between Collaboration in Learning, Quantity and Timing of Feedback, And Self-Efficacy of Students in Higher Education
Authors: Chan Yuen Fook , Gurdial Singh Gurnam Kaur A/P , Narasuman Suthagar , Lee Lai Fong , Yap Bee Wah 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of collaboration in learning, and the quantity and timing of feedback towards the enhancement of self-efficacy among students in a public university in Malaysia. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 500 randomly selected tertiary students. A total of 475 questionnaires were returned and used for analysis. Data was analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that most of the students collaborate with peers in their learning. Feedback that was identified has a positive and significant relationship with student self-efficacy. A moderate, positive and significant correlation has been identified between collaboration in learning, quantity and timing of feedback and self-efficacy among the students in a public university. However, collaboration in learning and quantity and timing of feedback only induced a low effect size on self-efficacy.
Keywords: collaborative learning, feedback, self-efficacy, higher education
Comparison of Visibility Threshold on Different Chromatic Contrast Objects
Authors: Rosli Saiful Azlan , Aladin Anis Zahirah , Muhamad Nurulain , Chen Ai Hong 
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the visibility threshold of eight plates with different chromatic contrast. The staircase psychophysics method based on the resolution of gaps in Landolt C was used to determine the average visibility threshold. Thirty young adults with best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6, normal colour perception and no history of ocular diseases were recruited. The results showed a combination of white on blue background plate gave a highest visibility level (mean=44.48±6.37m), while red on a blue background was the least visible combination (mean=33.30±4.68m). In conclusion, the chromatic contrast of an object can affect the visibility threshold.
Keywords: chromatic contrast, visibility threshold
Text Structures Affect Reading Speed
Authors: Jufri Shauqiah , Buari Noor Halilah , Chen Ai Hong 
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate how the text structures affect reading speed in the same participants. Two types of text structures were used. The first text structure (TS1) had a total of 84 words that formed by 14 separate sentences with 6 words in each sentence (3-words per line). The second text structure (TS2) was written as 100-words passage with 10 continuous sentences. The average words in TS2 was 3 to 15 words per sentence. The sentences were constructed in Malay language and words selected from Malay textbook under The Malaysia Ministry of Education (MMOE). Twenty-five participants were asked to read aloud both text structures at random. Time to complete both texts was measured with stopwatch and recorded using audiotape. The error was noted in recording sheet if there were any omission, repeated, added or misread of word. Reading speed was calculated as words per minute (wpm). Mean reading speed in for TS1 was found to be faster than TS2 (t=10.61, p<0.01). In conclusion, text structures might affect reading speed among Malay-native speakers. Therefore, it was importance to consider about the text structure in designing the reading material for evaluation and monitoring the reading and vision rehabilitation.
Keywords: reading speed, Malay sentence, text structure
Hard Landscape Trend Analysis: A Case Study at Perak Tengah District
Authors: Zakaria Ahmad Zamil , Abd Rashid Mohd Sabrizaa , Ahmad Syazwani 
Published: April 2019

Hard landscape as known is made up of man made materials found in gardens or in house compounds. At the moment it is difficult to obtain accurate information on the existence of hard landscape in the compound of Malay community houses. This is due to the hard landscape of the Malay community which is not very significant (intangible factors) compared to soft landscape elements which are more prominent (tangible factors). The aim of this study was to identify the needs and functions of each hard landscape elements in the Perak Malay landscape. The objective of this study was to determine the elements of traditional hard landscape and its use in the present. As a conceptual framework, this study will focus on the results of previous research findings that are relevant to the “user preference” of hard landscape elements used by the Malay community. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to obtain information for this study. Case studies include the Malay traditional house in the Perak Tengah District. Researchers expect the study to be a benchmark for the survey in other districts in Perak. The results of this study concluded that the hard landscape element that is used by the Malay community is not the same as used by other communities in the world. Differences have made the study more interesting, and this information can be used by other researchers in the future.
Keywords: Perak Malay garden, Malay landscape, Malay garden concept, Malay, cultural landscape
The Current Practice of Design and Build Procurement Process in Malaysia
Authors: Saaidin Sabihah , Endut Intan Rohani , Abu Samah Abu Samah , Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad Ruslan 
Published: April 2019

This paper discusses the design-build project delivery method which is becoming an increasingly viable alternative to traditional project delivery method in the public sector. This interest has led to dialogue among public sector agencies to establish and formalise understanding of the design-build process and its implementation. The process consists of six stages namely Project Definition, Request for Qualification, Request for Proposal, Proposal Submission and Evaluation, Contract Award, and Document/Construction. Therefore, this finding of Design-Build (DB) procurement process is on the improvement and understanding on an owner and contractor in practice and implementation in Malaysia.
Keywords: design/build, design/bid/build, advantage and disadvantage, procurement process
Tropical Environment Elements for Green Highway Assessment
Authors: Ahmad Asmalia Che , Husin Nur Illiana , Ab Wahid Abdul Muhaimin , Kamaruzzaman Syahrul Nizam 
Published: April 2019

A highway is a main public road that connects towns and cities. Subsequently, a green highway is the transportation corridor which is based on a relatively new concept of roadway design that integrates major cities and towns. A green highway also provides more sustainable construction techniques and approaches to maximise its lifespan. The need for evaluation of sustainability and green development requires an assessment system of a green highway. An assessment system is required to evaluate the sustainability of a highway for construction projects. The aim of this study is to explore the environmental elements for green highway in the tropical climate of Malaysia. The objective is to identify the essential fundamental environment elements in a tropical climate for green highway assessment. The methodology is using desk study. This study has discovered eight fundamental environment elements of the green highway.

Keywords: tropical environment, green highway, assessment system
Implementation Process and Lessons Learned In the Determination of Educational Cost Using Modified Activity-Based Costing (ABC)
Authors: Maelah Ruhanita , Sofiah Md Auzair Sofiah , Mohd Amir Amizawati , Azlina Ahmad Azlina 
Published: April 2019

Putting in place accurate cost information for the outputs of universities is no longer a choice but a necessity if a university is to have a worldclass management system. Nevertheless, the current costing systems are not designed to support management-related information with fund accounting and budgetary control systems dominating the mind-sets of the administrators of universities. In support of an autonomous pathway for public universities in Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia has piloted an educational cost determination exercise using the activitybased costing (ABC) system. Instead of proposing a major overhaul to the system, an ABC model that takes into consideration existing limitations was developed. While far from being perfect, the model is workable within certain limitations. This study examines the process involved in the exercise of determining educational cost based on the modified ABC approach. Nine critical steps are explained and the lessons learned from the exercise are highlighted. This study contributes to the theoretical knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the application of ABC in a service setting, or, more specifically, in a university. In terms of practice, this study provides guidelines concerning the determination of educational cost to interested parties including the university’s management, Ministry of Education and other universities.
Keywords: activity based costing, educational cost, university, process
The Similarity of Malay Architecture Terminology: Perahu and House
Authors: Abdul Wahab Mohamad Hanif , Bahauddin Azizi 
Published: April 2019

The perahu also known as boat was used by the Malay community during the Holocene period when the rise of the sea level altered the Malay world and it became islands and a peninsula. The perahu became important, not only as a navigational vessel but served as a shelter during the journey. As sailing is a part of Malay way of life, many perahu manifestations are often seen in housing construction. The objectives of this paper are to outline the features of perahu used around Negeri Sembilan traditional house – architecture with kajang perahu analogy – and to raise questions on what are the similarities between the terminology perahu and house. The questions look through literature review analysis and identify elements and components related to the house.
Keywords: Malay, architecture, terminology, perahu, house
A Conceptual Framework of Blended Learning for Self-Directed Learners in the Social Context: Case of Mobile Learning
Authors: WAN MOHD ISA WAN ABDUL RAHIM , Zulkipli Zulinda Ayu , Mustapa Mimi Nurakmal 
Published: April 2019

Currently, the factors for adopting m-learning revolve around higher education settings. However, the factors surrounding different cultural and background context of the user in using m-learning in different contexts are not fully explored, especially in the social context. Thus, there are needs to understand blended learning for self-directed learners from different communities. The main objectives of this paper are (i) to develop a conceptual framework of blended learning for self-directed learners in the social context by using mobile learning as the case study and (ii) to provide recommendations for improving m-learning for self-directed learners. The adapted conceptual framework which consists of (i) learner aspects, (ii) device aspects and (iii) the social aspects, was used in this study. A survey was conducted with 190 respondents who have experience in using mobile devices for self-directed learning and their qualitative responses were recorded. The preliminary descriptive results are presented to understand the user’s background and qualitative responses in supporting the recommendations related to (i) learner's aspects, (ii) device aspects and (iii) the social aspects, as suggested in the conceptual framework.
Keywords: blended learning; mobile learning, self-directed learners
Comparison on Selected Fitness Indicator and Golf Performances among Elite and Non-Elite University Golfers
Authors: Saiful Annur Muhamad Safiq , Yasin Azman , Syarif Ahmad Farhan , Md Radzi Noor Azila Azreen 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences of physical fitness between elite and non-elite golfers in the National Golf Academy, UUM. The two groups were compared based on their physical fitness (leg power, muscular endurance, muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, balance and abdominal muscle performances) and golf performances (handicap, 5-iron ball speed, 5-iron clubhead speed, 5-iron carry distance, average score, greens in regulations, and putts per round). Significant differences were found on handicap and predicted Vo2max variables (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found on non-dominant leg vertical jump (20.6 ± 4.5 vs. 14.7 ± 5, p < 0.05) and push up performances (27.9 ± 10.1 vs. 16.4 ± 11.2, p < 0.05) between the elite and non-elite groups. Elite golfers have better performances in static balance (both dominant and non-dominant leg) and abdominal muscle performance where the significant level was found to be less than 0.05. While for golf performances, the difference between those two groups were found on the 5-iron clubhead speed, 5-iron ball speed, 5-iron carrying distance and average score (p < 0.05). These results can be used for developing training programmemes, as well as for the development of talent identification programmemes.
Keywords: golf, fitness, performance, comparison, elite, university
Housing For Young People: What Are Their Opportunities?
Authors: Yaacob Mahazril 'Aini , Siti Hajar Abu Bakar Siti Hajar , Wan Abdul Aziz Wan Nor Azriyati 
Published: April 2019

Housing does not only serve the basic needs of the citizens, but it is also considered as one of the important features of independent living. A comprehensive literature search revealed that access to housing is vital in the transition to adulthood, mainly to ensure that young adults enjoy a higher quality of life. Young adults face many hardships in their pursuit of adequate and affordable housing. Nevertheless, the act of leaving home, are typically determined by the economic resources (income) and other influential factors. The debate on establishing the homeownership was rampantly discussed by numerous searchers. However, efforts to examine the factors influencing the housing opportunities among the young people are limited. In response to this need, a preliminary study was carried out to identify the factors affecting the housing opportunities among the young people. Except for locational factor, affordability,housing knowledge and structural factors play prominent roles in inducing housing opportunities among the youth. Therefore, strategies such as comprehensive information about housing schemes should be made available and accessible to the young people. Additionally, other relevant parties, such as financial institutions and developers, may need to revise their requirement for loan financing, and the eligibility criteria. Overall, these measures should be able to ensure that young can people enjoy housing opportunities and improve their quality of life
Keywords: affordability, housing knowledge, housing opportunities, location, structural
The Mediating Effect of Happiness on the Relationship between Work-Life Balance and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Study on Employees of Malaysian Financial Industry
Authors: Najamudin Siti Hartini , Omar Muhamad Khalil , Zakaria Azzarina 
Published: April 2019

The issue of happiness in organisation has been debated among academicians, practitioners, and policy makers nowadays. This is because it provides an index of how well things are going within the organisational context. The ability for an organisation to track front-line employee’s happiness over time is a very useful in order to achieve organisation’s successful policies and practices. Some previous studies conducted to measure the relationship contribute of work-life balance effects in quality in life, life satisfaction and wellbeing. Also, the impact of decreased income on happiness has hardly been studied except through the drop in income due to unemployment. Therefore, this paper attempts to show the relationship of work-life balance and life satisfaction with the mediating role of happiness. The main problem is to relate the situation to the Malaysian Financial Sector work-life balance with sense of happiness by World Happiness Report to get the outcomes of life satisfaction. Perhaps for these reasons, towards the end of this paper, happiness is proposed to be measured in mediating concept by linking the relationship of work-life balance and life satisfaction.
Keywords: work-life balance, happiness, life satisfaction
Descriptive Analysis - Predictors of Attitude towards Purchasing Halal Skin Care Products
Authors: Jihan Azreen , Musa Rosidah 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the percentage of frequencies with measures of central tendency (mean value) and dispersion (standard deviation) of predictors of attitude, namely, spiritual intelligence, spiritual congruence, product image and product involvement of halal skin care products towards a continuous intention to purchase. The primary objective of the descriptive analysis is to explore and gain an initial understanding and get the feel of the data gathered from the survey. It was based upon a representative sample of adult urban Muslim career woman (users and non-users) who work or live in the target area for this study. These areas are the federal territory of the Klang Valley which are considered urbanised. The survey reached 449 adults, achieving 100 percent of the target sample size of 400. The respondents involved are those who have experience in purchasing and continue to purchase the halal skin care products. The quota sampling technique was employed. Two demographic variables have been determined as a mechanism to control the composition of the sample (gender and age).
Keywords: spiritual intelligence, spiritual congruence, product image, product involvement
The Roles of Employees Coaching Towards Employee Outcomes
Authors: Ahmad Nursaadatun Nisak , Ismail Ida Rosnita , Ismail Azman 
Published: April 2019

Employees’ coaching is an effective management tool to enhance employees’ performance and development. Since 1980, a number of researchers have noted the value of the employees’ coaching relationship, but there is still little evidence regarding what makes employees’ coaching to be effective in Malaysia. Therefore, the study looked at the role of leader coach (supervisory coaching behaviour and autonomy support) toward enhancing employees’ motivation (employees’ self-efficacy) and performance to explore this topic in-depth. Again, the purpose of an immediate supervisor as a coach in a practice context is to help employees to consider how they might work and behave differently with a more effective behaviour and thus lead to better outcomes, without a reliance on the formal authority the manager possesses. The outcomes of using PLS-SEM path model analysis showed three important findings: First, the relationship between supervisory coaching behaviour was not correlated with employees’ self-efficacy. Second, autonomy support was positively correlated with employees’ selfefficacy; and third, employees’ self-efficacy indirectly influences employees’ performance.
Keywords: supervisory coaching behaviour, autonomy support, employees’ self-efficacy and performance
MDAB Programme Is A Waste Of Money?
Authors: Juhaili Nor Hazizah , Mohamadin Mohammad Isa , Mohamed Bebe Norlita , Karim Mariathy 
Published: April 2019

The MDAB programme is a remedial course introduced by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) in June 2010. The main objective of the programme is to give an opportunity to Bumiputera students having under qualified entry results and coming from low income families to further their tertiary studies in UiTM. The students entering this programme are fully sponsored and to date about 22000 students have undergone this programme and about RM20 million has been spent just for the students’ allowance. Thus, this research was embarked to investigate the overall performance of the students in this programme in order to justify that the money invested was indeed well spent and also such remedial courses have helped the students. The performance of all MDAB students for the last nine semesters as well as the performance of a particular MDAB programme namely Pre-Science at UiTM Sarawak are reported in this paper. The results showed that 83.43% of the overall MDAB students managed to complete the courses and continued their studies at diploma level. However, only 70.94% of Pre-Science students in UiTM Sarawak managed to complete their courses. In general, the overall performance showed that the programme has indeed succeeded in helping the students to further their studies at a higher level.
Keywords: MDAB, Pre-Commerce, Pre-Science, performance, UiTM