bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indifferent Wars in International Law? A Hypothesis on Benedetto Conforti’s Legacy Twenty Years Later
Authors: Mauri Diego 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In an article that appeared in Volume XII (2002) of the IYIL, Benedetto Conforti discussed the quandary of “just wars” in contemporary international law, wondering whether – and on which conditions – wars conducted outside the UN framework can be considered “just”. On that occasion, Conforti unearthed a thesis that he had decades prior put in writing in the first edition of his famous Manuale, according to which any use of force performed outside the UN Charter could not be evaluated legally, for it pertained to the realm of “legal indifference”. He thus concluded that, when it comes to assessing the “justness” of wars, the answer can be given only by taking stock of moral considerations, that is by resorting to “natural law”. The present contribution aims to appraise this provoking position expressed at the beginning of this millennium. It is argued that resort to the category of legal indifference must not be appraised from a purely philosophical standpoint, but rather in two complementary ways: first, as implying that the justness of any war cannot be decided on the basis of positive law; second, as a metalegal tool to comprehend and describe fundamental changes in the international community. Conforti’s theory of legal indifference vis-à-vis the justness of wars maintains its fascinating quality and utility today.
Eating Food Produced in Harmful Ways: Wrongful Complicity or Moral Tragedy?
Authors: Bobier Christopher A. , Milburn Josh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Imagine you come across a leftover turkey sandwich that will expire soon, no one is around to eat it, and you cannot donate it to someone else before it goes bad. A new omnivore says that you should eat the sandwich. A common rebuttal to new omnivorism says that by eating the turkey sandwich you become complicit in industrialized animal agriculture: consuming the leftover sandwich amounts to a retroactive endorsement of the institution that produced it. This is the complicity objection to new omnivorism. In this paper, we argue that the complicity objection fails to ethically distinguish new omnivores and vegans. We suggest that we accept that there is no harmless-to-animals diet available, and so, rather than trying to find the impossible, we should confront this morally tragic reality head on. Doing so may support new omnivorism over veganism.
Condolence Posts in English and Spanish: a Contrastive Pragmatic Analysis
Authors: Bou-Franch Patricia , Blitvich Pilar Garcés-Conejos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the growing presence of mourning practices in online contexts within today’s post-digital society, which has caught the attention of scholars in various disciplines. Despite this interest, there remains a dearth of discursive pragmatic research on social media mourning, particularly within contrastive pragmatics.
To address this gap, the study examines condolence discourse in English and Spanish from a contrastive pragmatic perspective, focusing on non-elicited digital data rather than traditional discourse completion tests. Emphasis is placed on the expression of emotions, given their significant role in both online and offline mourning, an area which has received limited attention in contrastive pragmatic studies.
The analysis draws on two comparable corpora of posts from X and examines triggers, discursive realization, and the expression of emotions. Findings highlight both similarities and differences in the expression of condolences, shedding light on the evolving nature of condolences in response to mediatization processes.
Identification and functional analysis of genes mediating osteoclast-driven progression of osteoporosis
Authors: Xu Qu , Feng Gangning , Zhang Zhihai , Yan Jiangbo , Tang Zhiqun , Wang Rui , Ma Penggang , Ma Ye , Zhu Guang , Jin Qunhua 
Published: November 2024

Objective The pathological mechanism of osteoporosis (OP) involves increased bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts and decreased bone formation mediated by osteoblasts, leading to an imbalance in bone homeostasis. Identifying key molecules in osteoclast-mediated OP progression is crucial for the prevention and treatment of OP. Methods Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed on the OP patient datasets from the GEO database. The results were intersected with the differential expression results from the osteoclast differentiation dataset to identify key genes. These key genes were then subjected to disease relevance analysis, and consensus clustering was performed on OP patient samples based on their expression profiles. The subgroups were analyzed for differences, followed by GO, KEGG, GSEA, and GSVA analyses, and immune infiltration. Finally, osteoclast differentiation model was constructed. After validating the success of the model using TRAP and F-actin staining, the differential expression of key genes was validated in vitro via Western blot. Results CTRL, ARHGEF5, PPAP2C, VSIG2, and PBLD were identified as key genes. These genes exhibited strong disease relevance (AUC > 0.9). Functional enrichment results also indicated their close association with OP and osteoclast differentiation. In vitro differential expression validation showed that during osteoclast differentiation, CTRL was downregulated, while ARHGEF5, PPAP2C, VSIG2, and PBLD were upregulated, with all differences being statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Discussion Currently, there are no studies on the effects of these five genes on osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, it is meaningful to design in vivo and in vitro perturbation experiments to observe the impact of each gene on osteoclast differentiation and OP progression. Conclusion CTRL, ARHGEF5, PPAP2C, VSIG2, and PBLD show high potential as molecular targets for basic and clinical research in osteoclast-mediated OP.
An Unpublished Egyptian Coffin of the Third Intermediate Period in the Antiquities Museum of Trieste
Authors: Moser Susanna 
Published: November 2024

This article examines an ancient Egyptian coffin that was donated in 1867 to the Natural History Museum of Trieste and then moved to the Trieste Antiquities Museum in 2004. The coffin is a type dating to the Third Intermediate Period and belonged to an anonymous priestess. It is characterised by rather careless decoration and by extremely repetitive inscriptions that can hardly find parallels in the vast panorama of coffin production of the period. Its unique feature, though, is the large mummiform figure depicted on the bottom of the coffin box. The technical, decorative, and textual features hint at this coffin being part of a sort of ‘ready-made’ production by a Theban workshop. [Formula: see text]
Improvement of flame retardancy and thermal stability of epoxy composites by modifying salen-based polyphosphazene microspheres with Co-based metal organic frameworks
Authors: Tian Li , Chen Ronghua , Zhang Yabin , Zheng Qiang , Wang Xingyu , Tan Jiang , Guo Junhong , Mu Bo , Bao Xuemei 
Published: November 2024

A functionalized cross-linked polyphosphazenes microsphere (Salen-PZN-Ni@Co-MOF) was fabricated by enveloping Salen-Ni-based polyphosphazenes (Salen-PZN-Ni) with a type of hybrid flame retardant (Co-MOF) to enhance the flame retardant, smoke suppression properties and mechanical properties of epoxy (EP) composites. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the incorporation of Salen-PZN-Ni@Co-MOF significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the EP composites. The existence of Salen-PZN-Ni@Co-MOF enhanced both the vertical burning rating and resulted in a higher limiting oxygen index. The addition of 5 wt% Salen-PZN-Ni@Co-MOF conspicuously improved the fire safety of EP, as evidenced by the results of the cone calorimeter. For instance, the peak heat release rate and total heat release rate of the EP composites were decreased by 25.3% and 44.97%, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of Salen-PZN-Ni@Co-MOF significantly inhibited the generation of toxic carbon monoxide and other volatile compounds. Furthermore, a synergistic effect between Salen-PZN-Ni and Co-MOF was observed. The proposed flame retardant mechanism of Salen-PZN-Ni@Co-MOF is attributed to the synergistic catalytic carbonization effect and the formation of thermally stable components. Consequently, enhanced fire safety in EP composites is achieved through the synergistic interaction among various components (nickel and Co-MOF) with polyphosphazene microspheres. Meanwhile, the excellent compatibility between Salen-PZN-Ni@Co-MOF and EP enhances the mechanical properties of EP composites.
Identification method of cyclic top defects in track geometry measurements in its early stage
Authors: De Rosa Anna , Luber Bernd , Fuchs Josef 
Published: November 2024

Track irregularities in the long wavelengths are often overlooked in the development of new track identification and detection techniques, yet they can have serious implications for the safety of freight wagons and the comfort of passengers. This study is aimed to extend the current published literature, by proposing a methodology for the identification and classification of evolving cyclic top (CT) irregularities in the mid and long wavelength range between 25 and 70 m. The methodology required a dataset of historical vertical track geometry measurements to identify and classify CT irregularities, by analysing the growing wavelength contents. The classification of detected CT into early and advanced stage of evolution allows maintenance interventions to be timely planned, improving transportation efficiency. This study contributes to enhancing monitoring methodologies for track geometry and highlights the importance of considering mid and long wavelength irregularities.
Factors Influencing Nasoalveolar Molding Treatment Completion and Noncompletion in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Herrman Elisa I. , Dierkhising Ross A. , Lee Sarah K. , Salinas Thomas J. , Sarvas Elise W. , Viozzi Christopher F. , Muller Olivia M. 
Published: November 2024

Objective Identify sociodemographic factors and comorbidities predictive of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) treatment completion and noncompletion in infants with cleft lip with or without (+/–) cleft palate in a rural-suburban population. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary medical center. Patients, Participants Infants diagnosed with cleft lip +/- cleft palate who initiated NAM treatment between 2013 and 2023. Forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. Main Outcome Measure(s) Prevalence of NAM treatment completion, defined as continued attendance of NAM appointments until initial lip repair surgery. Results NAM treatment noncompletion rate of 23.4%. Noncomplete NAM treatment was associated with greater additional unscheduled NAM visits ( P < .001); increased days inpatient after birth ( P < .001); NICU admission ( P < .001); public insurance ( P = .007); preterm birth ( P = .008); history of social work visits ( P = .024); increased comorbidities ( P = .028); non-Caucasian race ( P = .034); and presence of siblings ( P = .036). Associated comorbidities included use of feeding tube ( P < .001); and conditions related with renal ( P < .001); cardiac ( P = .004); failure to thrive ( P = .009); syndromes ( P = .009); orthopedic ( P = .011); pulmonary ( P = .022); and ophthalmologic systems ( P = .041). Conclusions Increased overall health complexity, public insurance status, and need for social work support were identified as factors associated with NAM noncompletion. These variables can help identify patients at risk of noncompletion and empower providers to supply individualized support and resources.
Hybrid adaptive control for vibration reduction in the floating raft system based on FxLMS
Authors: Gao Dayong , Yao Hongliang , Liang Shengji , Yang Jinbo , Dou Jinxin 
Published: November 2024

To enhance the real-time performance of multi-frequency line spectrum vibration control within the floating raft system and minimize the vibration of the floating raft, a hybrid adaptive active vibration control algorithm based on the FxLMS algorithm is introduced. Focusing on the bottom degree of freedom in the floating raft system, a horizontal two-degree of freedom system is established. Initially, the dynamic model of this system is analyzed; subsequently, the hybrid adaptive control algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and its stability is verified by simulation under normal condition, shock disturbance condition, and random signal disturbance condition. The results reveal that the average control effects of feedforward control across each line spectrum under these conditions are −9.55 dB, −10.88 dB, and −9.91 dB, respectively. In contrast, hybrid adaptive control demonstrates stronger performance with average control effects of −23.19 dB, −21.65 dB, and −21.48 dB. Lastly, an experimental platform was established to assess the performance of the proposed control algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid adaptive control successfully mitigates vibrations arising from multiple frequency spectra. The hybrid adaptive control achieves average control effects of −14.77 dB, −15.13 dB, and −14.63 dB across the three conditions, demonstrating superior control efficacy.
Successful use of PRGF-endoret® and ILM peeling for full thickness macular hole in MacTel type 2: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Bertolani Yann , Arnaiz-Camacho Albert , Fernández-Engroba Jorge , García-Arumí Jose , Zapata Miguel-Ángel 
Published: November 2024

Purpose To describe the successful use of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret®) and internal limiting membrane peeling for full thickness macular hole in Macular Telangiectasia type 2. Case presentation A case report of a full thickness macular hole (FTMH) associated with Macular Telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 is described. 25-G vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and use of (PRGF-Endoret®) was performed. Several ophthalmological visits were conducted and multiple diagnostic tests were carried out including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography. A 72-year-old man under follow-up for MacTel type 2 presented with worsening vision in his left eye, with a best visual corrected acuity (BVCA) of 20/80. OCT demonstrated a FTMH in the left eye measuring 264 µm. A 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy surgery was performed with ILM peeling, use of PRGF-Endoret® and tamponade with 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Three weeks after surgery, complete anatomical closure was observed with a BVCA of 20/40, which improved to 20/25 one year after the surgery. Conclusions The use of PRGF associated with ILM peeling may be a useful tool in the treatment of macular holes associated with MacTel Type 2 with excellent anatomical and functional outcomes.
D-Dimer in Acute Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Case-Control International Multicenter Study
Authors: Acosta Stefan , Blaser Annika Reintam , Nuzzo Alexandre , Soltanzadeh-Naderi Yasmin , Starkopf Joel , Forbes Alastair , Murruste Marko , Tamme Kadri , Voomets Anna-Liisa , Koitmäe Merli , Bala Miklosh , Bodnar Zsolt , Casian Dumitru , Demetrashvili Zaza , Biloslavo Alan , Muñoz-Cruzado Virginia Dúran , Hess Benjamin , Kase Karri , Kirov Mikhail , Lindner Matthias , Loudet Cecilia I , Damaskos Dimitrios , Björck Martin 
Published: November 2024

Background: Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is rarely suspected as primary diagnosis in emergency departments and still carries an in-hospital mortality rate of above 20%. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find differences in clinical and laboratory markers between patients with acute MVT and a control group of suspected but confirmed as not having any type of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI). Design: Data was retrieved from the AMESI (Acute MESenteric Ischaemia) study. This international, multicenter prospective case-control study from 32 sites collected data on patients with suspected AMI during a 10-month period. Methods: Independent factors associated with acute MVT were evaluated in a multivariable logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: D-dimer was not significantly higher in MVT (n = 73) compared to non-AMI (n = 287) patients (median 7.0 mg/L vs 4.5 mg/L, P = .092). After entering BMI, atherosclerotic disease, history of venous thromboembolism, CRP, and D-dimer as covariates in a multi-variable logistic regression analysis, absence of atherosclerotic disease (OR 0.096, 95% CI 0.011-0.84; P = .034) and elevated D-dimer (OR 2.59/one SD increment, 95% CI 1.07-6.28; P = .034) were associated with MVT. The discriminative ability of D-dimer for MVT as assessed by area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristics analysis was 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.78). Conclusion: Elevated D-dimer was associated with MVT, but the discriminative ability of D-dimer was poor. There is an urgent need to find a more accurate plasma biomarker for this condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05218863 (registered 19.01.2022).
Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Aquaculture Systems in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Dayie Nicholas T. K. D. , Nathan-Mensah Frances N. N. , Kotey Fleischer C. N. , Tabi Blessing Kofi Adu , Kabotso Daniel E. K. , Odoom Alex , Hotor Prince , Dayie Alberta D. , Tetteh-Quarcoo Patience B. , Egyir Beverly , Donkor Eric S. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) poses a critical global health challenge, necessitating its surveillance across both human and animal health sectors. This study evaluated ABR in bacteria harboured in reared inland fishes sold in Accra and the pond water from which they originated. Method: The study was cross-sectional, involving fishes and water sampled from 80 ponds. The gastrointestinal organs of the fishes were homogenised and cultured for bacteria, as were the water samples. The bacteria were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using the Kirby-Bauer method. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were selected for further testing. The double disc diffusion method was used to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in isolates that were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the ESBL-positive isolates using the Illumina Miseq platform. Results: In total, 39 different bacterial species, with their individual numbers totalling 391, were isolated. The bacteria were predominantly Escherichia coli (17%), Aeromonas veronii (11%), Citrobacter freundii (8%), Bacillus cereus (5%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%). The overall ABR rates were cefotaxime (32%), gentamicin (1%), ciprofloxacin (4%), chloramphenicol (19%), tetracycline (37%), meropenem (0%), and ertapenem (0%). Overall MDR and ESBL bacteria prevalence were 13.6% and 1.3%, respectively. The sequence types of the ESBL isolates were ST4684 (80%, n = 4) and ST2005 (20%, n = 1), and the serotypes were H34:09 (80%, n = 4) and H7 (20%, n = 1); the ABR genes were blaCTX-M-15, fosA7, and qnrS1. Conclusion: The fishes and the pond water were contaminated with a diverse range of bacteria, mainly Escherichia coli and Aeromonas veronii. The ABR, MDR, and ESBL rates were low to moderate. Moreover, the main sequence type and serotype of the ESBL isolates were ST4684 and H34:09, respectively, and the ABR genes were blaCTX-M-15, fosA7, and qnrS1.
Cumulative interpersonal risk and suicide ideation/attempts among Chinese early adolescents: Does self-esteem play a moderating role?
Authors: Zhao Jingfei , Wang Yulong , Wang Xinchen 
Published: November 2024

Scope Suicide among adolescents is a serious global health concern. Previous research has highlighted that interpersonal factors are vital determinants of suicidality. However, little is known about the cumulative effects of interpersonal risks and the protective factors that buffer individuals from developing suicidal tendencies. The present study examined whether linear or nonlinear models best account for the relationship between cumulative interpersonal risk and suicidal ideation and attempts among early adolescents and the protective value of self-esteem in these associations. Methods A sample of 605 seventh-grade students from in Hunan, China was tracked over a 6 month interval. Measures of interpersonal risk, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-esteem were obtained from adolescents’ self-reports. Results The findings indicated both concurrent and longitudinal linear associations between cumulative interpersonal risk and adolescent suicidal ideation. Cumulative interpersonal risk was only associated with concurrent adolescent suicide attempts, showing a nonlinear relationship. Self-esteem moderates the association between cumulative interpersonal risk and subsequent suicidal ideation. The results also showed that identifying interpersonal risk early and simultaneously reducing multiple interpersonal risks would benefit high-suicide-risk youths. Conclusions Adolescents who face more than three interpersonal risks are particularly at risk for suicide attempts. Self-esteem is insufficient to counteract the cumulative impact of interpersonal risk completely. Study analyzing whether personal worth plays a moderating role in the suicidal ideation and attempts of early Chinese adolescents. While suicide among adolescents is a serious global health concern, little is known about the cumulative effects of interpersonal risks and the protective factors that buffer individuals from developing suicidal tendencies. As such, we followed 605 seventh graders over six months to investigate the combined influence of various interpersonal stressors such as low teacher support, limited classmates’ support, ineffective communication with parents, and experiences of social ostracism on suicidality. In addition, we explored whether a good sense of personal worth (self-esteem) made a difference. Our findings showed that, as interpersonal risks accumulate, the likelihood of an adolescent experiencing suicidal thoughts increases. Although self-esteem offers some protection, it does not fully counteract the detrimental effects of combined interpersonal problems. In particular, when an adolescent faces three or more interpersonal stressors, the risk of suicide attempts increases. Based on our findings, we believe that interventions aimed at reducing these interpersonal risks and bolstering adolescent self-esteem could be pivotal for suicide prevention.