bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restless legs syndrome and health‐related quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cederberg Katie L. J. , Jeng Brenda , Sasaki Jeffer E. , Braley Tiffany J. , Walters Arthur S. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder that may exacerbate many of the symptoms and consequences of multiple sclerosis (MS), and may have further implications for health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The present study examined the relationships among RLS, symptoms and HRQOL in people with MS. Participants with MS (n = 275) completed the Cambridge‐Hopkins Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire, the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Scale, the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Patient Determined Disease Steps. There were 74 (26.9%) persons with MS who had RLS (MS + RLS). The MS + RLS group reported worse physical and psychological HRQOL (p = 0.020 and p = 0.017, respectively) and greater perceived fatigue (p = 0.006) and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.042) than the MS‐only group. Within the MS + RLS group, RLS severity was associated with physical (r = 0.43) and psychological (r = 0.46) HRQOL, sleep quality (r = 0.38), perceived fatigue (r = 0.28), depression (r = 0.38) and anxiety (r = 0.28). The relationships between RLS severity and the domains of HRQOL were attenuated when accounting for fatigue, depression and/or anxiety. Worse RLS severity was associated with reduced HRQOL, which was accounted for by fatigue, depression and anxiety.
On the true identity of Sergentomyia gemmea and description of a closely related species: Se. raynali n. sp
Authors: Depaquit J. , Vongphayloth K. , Siriyasatien P. , Polseela R. , Phumee A. , Loyer M. , Vol A. , Varlot G. , Rahola N. , Brey P. T. , Sutherland I. W. , Hertz J. C. , Gay F. , Léger N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeveral species of Leishmania are responsible for leishmaniases in Thailand, although little is known about their transmission. Sergentomyia gemmea has been suspected several times to transmit Leishmania martiniquensis. Some captures carried out in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic have emphasized the scarcity of Se. gemmea, comprising only 1% of the collected females. The sequencing of cytochrome B mtDNA of our specimens showed that our specimens are not grouped with other Se. gemmea previously deposited in GenBank. The latter are grouped with some Se. khawi and Se. hivernus that we processed in the present study. We suspect misidentifications and propose focusing on the most useful characters for identification of Se. gemmea based on the examination of type‐specimens. The examination of the ascoids exhibiting anterior spurs is the most important one. However, we also describe Se. raynali n. sp. exhibiting comparable spurs but differing from Se. gemmea by its original cibarium. Finally, the vectorial role of Se. gemmea appears very questionable in the absence of new evidence.
CK1 inhibitor affects in vitro maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes
Authors: Shi Pengfei , Xu Jie , Zhao Xin , Shen Penglei , Wen Dongmei , Yu Qing , Deng Yanfei , Shi Deshun , Lu Fenghua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objectives of present study were to evaluate the effect of casein kinase 1 (CK1) inhibition D4476 on in vitro maturation (IVM) and developmental competence of bovine oocytes. The cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in maturation medium with D4476 (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 μM) for 24 hr. After IVM and in vitro fertilization, through expansion average scores of cumulus cells (CCs), oocyte maturation efficiency, cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of zygote, we found 5 μM D4476 could increase the development potential of oocytes. After the COCs were treated with 5 μM D4476, the results of quantitative real‐time PCR analysis, Lichen red staining and PI staining showed that under without affecting germinal vesicle breakdown and nuclear morphology, D4476 could significantly decrease CK1 and upregulate TCF‐4 in oocytes. Furthermore, without influencing the level of Bad and CTSB, D4476 could significantly increase the expression of β‐catenin, TCF‐4, Cx43, MAPK, PTGS‐2, PTX‐3, TGS‐6, Bax and Bcl‐2 in CCs. Western blot analysis revealed that the addition of 5 μM D4476 during the maturation of COCs resulted in a lower level of Cx43 protein at 12 hr and a higher expression of Cx43 protein at 24 hr compared to the group without D4476. These results indicate that adding optimum D4476 (5 μM) to maturation medium is beneficial to maturity efficiency and development competence of bovine oocytes.
Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep, and Gross Motor Skill Proficiency in Preschool Children From a Low- to Middle-Income Urban Setting
Authors: Tomaz Simone A. , Prioreschi Alessandra , Watson Estelle D. , McVeigh Joanne A. , Rae Dale E. , Jones Rachel A. , Draper Catherine E. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Limited research reports on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), sleep, and gross motor skills (GMS) in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to (1) describe BMI, PA, SB, sleep duration, and GMS proficiency in South African preschool children and (2) identify relationships between variables. Methods: BMI, including z scores for height, weight, and BMI were determined. Seven-day PA, SB, and sleep were measured using accelerometry. GMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (second edition). Associations were explored by comparing sleep, PA, SB, and GMS between BMI tertiles using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Most (86%) children (n = 78, 50% boys) had a healthy BMI (15.7 [1.3] kg/m2). Children spent 560.5 (52.9) minutes per day in light- to vigorous-intensity PA and 90.9 (30.0) minutes per day in moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA; most (83%) met the current PA guideline. Nocturnal sleep duration was low (9.28 [0.80] h/d). Although daytime naps increased 24-hour sleep duration (10.17 [0.71] h/d), 38% were classified as short sleepers. Around half (54.9%) of participants complied with both PA and sleep guidelines. No associations between variables were found. Conclusion: Despite being lean, sufficiently active, and having adequate GMS, many children were short sleepers, highlighting a possible area for intervention.
Appositional angle closure and conversion of primary angle closure into glaucoma after laser peripheral iridotomy
Authors: Qiu Li , Yan Yujie , Wu Lingling 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo determine the relationship between appositional angle closure (AppAC) and the conversion of primary angle closure (PAC) into primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).MethodsConsecutive patients with PAC were included in this prospective cohort study. The eyes of the included patients who had undergone LPI with five or more reliable visual field (VF) tests in at least 5 years were analysed. Baseline AppAC was diagnosed when the trabecular meshwork and iris were located appositionally on the ultrasound biomicroscopy image. The criteria for PAC conversion were based on development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and corresponding VF defects. Other factors such as age and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) were also investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results128 patients were assessed at baseline. 80 eyes of 58 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 6.67 ± 1.33 years. PAC conversion was observed in 20 eyes. The frequency of PAC conversion was significantly higher in eyes with AppAC > 2 quadrants at baseline (58.3%, 7/12) than in those with AppAC ≤ 2 quadrants (19.1%, 13/68; p < 0.05). Compared with the non-converting group, the age and VCDR at baseline were both higher in the converting group (p < 0.05). Wider AppAC, older age and higher VCDR were significantly associated with PAC conversion.Conclusions25% of PAC eyes of Chinese patients converted into PACG eyes in more than 5 years after LPI. AppAC > 2 quadrants were related to the PAC conversion. Older baseline age and higher VCDR were also associated with PAC conversion.
Quality of prescribing in older people from a broad family physician perspective: a descriptive pilot study
Authors: Parodi López Naldy , Wallerstedt Susanna Maria 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the quality of drug treatment in older people from a broad family physician perspective, and to provide evidence for power calculations in full-scale studies on prescribing quality.DesignDescriptive, retrospective pilot study.SettingA primary healthcare centre in Sweden.Participants123 consecutive patients, ≥65 years, with a non-urgent physician consultation in January 2016.MeasuresThe drug treatment was assessed by a physician as either appropriate or suboptimal, taking individual factors like morbidity, life expectancy and concurrent drug treatment into account, and preceded by the application of 493 criteria from three screening tools for Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) and Potential Prescribing Omissions (PPOs). Suboptimal drug treatment was further categorised regarding priority: (1) immediate change suggested or (2) actions suggested in the longer term. Prevalence of the procedure code ‘medication review’ and the results thereof were also recorded.ResultsMedian age: 76 years; 48% women. When a family physician perspective was applied, and 593 PIMs/PPOs identified in 117 (95%) patients considered, 45 (37%) patients had suboptimal drug treatment. Immediate handling was suggested in 13 (11%) patients, most often concerning withdrawals of drugs for anxiety and insomnia. Handling in the longer term was suggested in 32 (26%) patients, most often concerning overuse of proton pump inhibitors. Over the last year, the procedure code ‘medication review’ was recorded for 65 (53%) patients. In medication reviews recorded during January 2016 (n=45), 23 (7%) drugs out of 309 were acted on, most often a dosage adjustment.ConclusionsThis pilot study shows that when a broad family physician perspective is applied, taking individual factors and medical priorities in the complex clinical situation into account, drug treatment in primary care is appropriate for the majority of older patients. The results may be useful in sample size considerations for future studies on prescribing practices.
Redefining A in RGBA
Authors: Urban Philipp , Tanksale Tejas Madan , Brunton Alan , Vu Bui Minh , Nakauchi Shigeki 
Published: June 2019

Advances in multimaterial 3D printing have the potential to reproduce various visual appearance attributes of an object in addition to its shape. Since many existing 3D file formats encode color and translucency by RGBA textures mapped to 3D shapes, RGBA information is particularly important for practical applications. In contrast to color (encoded by RGB), which is specified by the object’s reflectance, selected viewing conditions, and a standard observer, translucency (encoded by
A
) is neither linked to any measurable physical nor perceptual quantity. Thus, reproducing translucency encoded by
A
is open for interpretation.

In this article, we propose a rigorous definition for
A
suitable for use in graphical 3D printing, which is independent of the 3D printing hardware and software, and which links both optical material properties and perceptual uniformity for human observers. By deriving our definition from the absorption and scattering coefficients of virtual homogenous reference materials with an isotropic phase function, we achieve two important properties. First, a simple adjustment of
A
is possible, which preserves the translucency appearance if an object is rescaled for printing. Second, determining the value of
A
for a real (potentially non-homogenous) material, can be achieved by minimizing a distance function between light transport measurements of this material and simulated measurements of the reference materials. Such measurements can be conducted by commercial spectrophotometers used in graphic arts.

Finally, we conduct visual experiments employing the method of constant stimuli, and we derive from them an embedding of
A
into a nearly perceptually uniform scale of translucency for the reference materials.
A Theory of NP-completeness and Ill-conditioning for Approximate Real Computations
Authors: Malajovich Gregorio , Shub Mike 
Published: June 2019

We develop a complexity theory for approximate real computations. We first produce a theory for exact computations but with condition numbers. The input size depends on a condition number, which is not assumed known by the machine. The theory admits deterministic and nondeterministic polynomial time recognizable problems. We prove that P is not NP in this theory if and only if P is not NP in the BSS theory over the reals.
Then we develop a theory with weak and strong approximate computations. This theory is intended to model actual numerical computations that are usually performed in floating point arithmetic. It admits classes P and NP and also an NP-complete problem. We relate the P vs. NP question in this new theory to the classical P vs. NP problem.
RAS Mutations Are Not Created Equal
Authors: Hobbs G. Aaron , Der Channing J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Poulin and colleagues apply structural, biochemical, and biological profiling of two mutants of KRAS, one found most frequently in all cancers (G12D) and one found nearly exclusively in colorectal cancer (A146T). They provide compelling evidence that specific mutations will impart different structural and biochemical consequences on KRAS function and that the same KRAS mutation displays tissue-distinct signaling and biological consequences.
See related article by Poulin et al., p. 738.
Gene Therapy for Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia by Inhibition of Ca
2+
/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II
Authors: Bezzerides Vassilios J. , Caballero Ana , Wang Suya , Ai Yulan , Hylind Robyn J. , Lu Fujian , Heims-Waldron Danielle A. , Chambers Kristina D. , Zhang Donghui , Abrams Dominic J. , Pu William T. 
Published: June 2019

Background:

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited cardiac arrhythmia characterized by adrenergically triggered arrhythmias, is inadequately treated by current standard of care. Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an adrenergically activated kinase that contributes to arrhythmogenesis in heart disease models, is a candidate therapeutic target in CPVT. However, translation of CaMKII inhibition has been limited by the need for selective CaMKII inhibition in cardiomyocytes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CaMKII inhibition with a cardiomyocyte-targeted gene therapy strategy would suppress arrhythmia in CPVT mouse models.

Methods:
We developed AAV9-GFP-AIP, an adeno-associated viral vector in which a potent CaMKII inhibitory peptide, autocamtide-2–related inhibitory peptide [AIP], is fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed from a cardiomyocyte selective promoter. The vector was delivered systemically. Arrhythmia burden was evaluated with invasive electrophysiology testing in adult mice. AIP was also tested on induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with CPVT with different disease-causing mutations to determine the effectiveness of our proposed therapy on human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes and different pathogenic genotypes.

Results:

AAV9-GFP-AIP was robustly expressed in the heart without significant expression in extracardiac tissues, including the brain. Administration of AAV9-GFP-AIP to neonatal mice with a known CPVT mutation (
RYR2

R176Q
/+

) effectively suppressed ventricular arrhythmias induced by either β-adrenergic stimulation or programmed ventricular pacing, without significant proarrhythmic effect. Intravascular delivery of AAV9-GFP-AIP to adolescent mice transduced ≈50% of cardiomyocytes and was effective in suppressing arrhythmia in CPVT mice. Induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes derived from 2 different patients with CPVT with different pathogenic mutations demonstrated increased frequency of abnormal calcium release events, which was suppressed by a cell-permeable form of AIP.

Conclusions:
This proof-of-concept study showed that AAV-mediated delivery of a CaMKII peptide inhibitor to the heart was effective in suppressing arrhythmias in a murine model of CPVT. CaMKII inhibition also reversed the arrhythmia phenotype in human CPVT induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocyte models with different pathogenic mutations.
Caveolin-1 Regulates Atherogenesis by Attenuating Low-Density Lipoprotein Transcytosis and Vascular Inflammation Independently of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation
Authors: Ramírez Cristina M. , Zhang Xinbo , Bandyopadhyay Chirosree , Rotllan Noemi , Sugiyama Michael G. , Aryal Binod , Liu Xinran , He Shun , Kraehling Jan R. , Ulrich Victoria , Lin Chin Sheng , Velazquez Heino , Lasunción Miguel A. , Li Guangxin , Suárez Yajaira , Tellides George , Swirski Filip K. , Lee Warren L. , Schwartz Martin A. , Sessa William C. , Fernández-Hernando Carlos 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Atherosclerosis is driven by synergistic interactions between pathological, biomechanical, inflammatory, and lipid metabolic factors. Our previous studies demonstrated that absence of caveolin-1 (Cav1)/caveolae in hyperlipidemic mice strongly inhibits atherosclerosis, which was attributed to activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and increased production of NO and reduced inflammation and low-density lipoprotein trafficking. However, the contribution of eNOS activation and NO production in the athero-protection of Cav1 and the exact mechanisms by which Cav1/caveolae control the pathogenesis of diet-induced atherosclerosis are still not clear.

Methods:

Triple-knockout mouse lacking expression of
eNOS
,
Cav1
, and
Ldlr
were generated to explore the role of NO production in Cav1-dependent athero-protective function. The effects of Cav1 on lipid trafficking, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vascular inflammation were studied both in vitro and in vivo with a mouse model of diet-induced atherosclerosis. The expression of Cav1 and distribution of caveolae regulated by flow were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy.

Results:

We found that absence of Cav1 significantly suppressed atherogenesis in

Ldlr
−/−
eNOS

−/−
mice, demonstrating that athero-suppression is independent of increased NO production. Instead, we find that the absence of Cav1/caveolae inhibited low-density lipoprotein transport across the endothelium and proatherogenic fibronectin deposition and disturbed flow-mediated endothelial cell inflammation. Consistent with the idea that Cav1/caveolae may play a role in early flow-dependent inflammatory priming, distinct patterns of Cav1 expression and caveolae distribution were observed in athero-prone and athero-resistant areas of the aortic arch even in wild-type mice.

Conclusions:
These findings support a role for Cav1/caveolae as a central regulator of atherosclerosis that links biomechanical, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways independently of endothelial eNOS activation and NO production.
History (?) in the Damascus Document
Authors: Fraade Steven D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
While the Damascus Document, like other writings found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, has been mined for historical information, with which to reconstruct the history of the Yaḥad, including the process and conditions of its formation and development over time, the present study is interested in discerning the text’s own understanding of the place in history occupied by its community of auditors and learners. Particular attention will be given to the text’s recurring reference to its beginnings (“first ones”) and ends (“last ones”) and to its sense of living in a truncated time-between. Through the close reading of two hortatory sections of the text, the question of how the Yaḥad’s collective social memory informs its self-understanding and practices as it faces both backward and forward in time.
Sulla and the Invention of Roman Athens
Authors: Kuin Inger N.I. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In 86 BC Sulla sacked Athens. The siege left deep marks in the cityscape and in the literary sources. This article traces a diachronic development in the ancient reception of the sack of Athens in Greek literature, from the first century BC through the second century AD. In earlier authors the siege is presented primarily in a military context, while in later authors the emphasis shifts onto Sulla’s destruction of cultural capital. His treatment of Athens comes to be understood as irrational and excessive. I argue that this latter depiction is an anchoring device that roots the new perception of the city during the Empire in the Republican past. In the first two centuries AD Athens increasingly came to be seen as the symbol of Greek culture. Plutarch and Pausanias react to this growing Athenocentrism by retrojecting an image of Athens as cultural symbol onto the first century BC.
Capital in Transition
Authors: Dong Xuan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Migrant children are an unintended consequence of the widened rural-urban gap in China. In Dengfeng, a county-level city in central China, many of the 70,000 full-time martial arts students were rural-to-urban migrant children ‘floating’ with their parents from one place to another. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores why these migrant children ‘migrated’ to martial arts schools for educational purposes and how they and their parents seek to establish a new value system within which different forms of capital can be accumulated, disseminated, and transformed as society expects. This paper argues that the (imaginary) transition between and flow of economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital construct a path to an aspirational future used by both these martial arts students and their parents.
Fears, Hopes, and Dreams: The Talismanic Shirts of Murād iii
Authors: Felek Özgen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There is much evidence that Ottoman Turks were interested in talismans and magic. However, this area has not yet been studied in depth. A few recent studies present information about material artifacts, but without deep analysis of the use of talismans and magic among Ottoman Sufis. The present study examines talismanic shirts prepared for the Ottoman sultans, in particular the shirts of Murād iii (r. 982/1574-1003/1595), who was a devout disciple of a Ḫalwatī master, Šuǧāʿ Dede. After a brief introduction to talismanic shirts prepared for Ottoman sultans, I analyze the motifs, symbols, and divine words on the talismanic shirts produced for Murād iii. I also explore what insights can be gained when his shirts are read together with his dream letters that he sent to his spiritual master. Intertextual reading of significant symbols on Sulṭān Murād’s shirts, when taken in conjunction with his letters, demonstrates that his shirts are infused with a more complex meaning than is evident at first glance.