bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying characteristic features of community orientation among community health nurses in Fiji
Authors: Tanabe Sachiko , Yanagisawa Satoko , Waqa-Ledua Silina , Tukana Mereani 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to identify detailed characteristics of community orientation among community health nurses in Fiji.DesignQualitative descriptive design using semi‐structured individual interviews.MethodsTwenty participants including expert nurses, novice nurses, policymakers and representatives from communities were interviewed between July–August 2015 in Fiji. Data were analysed using descriptive qualitative methods.ResultsThree main themes described in detail characteristics of community orientation among community health nurses in Fiji: Trusting Relationships, Commitment and Activity Management. Trusting Relationships and Commitment were interrelated and served as foundations for community orientation that promoted and facilitated Activity Management. Reflection and a sense of self‐accomplishment in the CHN experiences during Activity Management further strengthened Commitment and Trusting Relationships. Community orientation leads to superior understanding of community health needs, effective use of resources and increased community participation in activities. Such activity management will contribute to promote health beyond the individual, extending to entire communities.
A pilot study on the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS‐SR) with carers of people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Portillo Mari Carmen , Ambrosio Leire , Lanas Martín Raquel , Navarta Maria Victoria , Ursua Sesma MEugenia , Riverol Fernández Mario 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo report the cross‐cultural adaptation and pilot study of the ongoing validation of the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale with carers of people with Parkinson's disease.DesignCross‐cultural adaptation and pilot study with a cross‐sectional validation design of the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale – Carers.MethodsTwenty‐one carers of people with Parkinson's disease from a Primary Care practice in Spain were recruited and completed the PAIS‐Carers, the SF‐36 Health Survey, the Brief COPE Inventory and an assessment form. SPSS 23.0 was used to determine viability/acceptability and preliminary aspects of internal consistency of the instrument.ResultsFive of the seven domains presented floor effect (71.42%), and only one presented ceiling effect (14.28%). The internal consistency of the scale and domains showed acceptable values (over 0.7). The content validity of the Spanish version seemed satisfactory with positive comments in general from participants.
A critical review of analytical methods used for the chemical characterisation and quantification of phlorotannin compounds in brown seaweeds
Authors: Ford Lauren , Theodoridou Katerina , Sheldrake Gary N. , Walsh Pamela J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionPhlorotannins, the phenolic compounds found in brown seaweeds, are a unique and diverse class of compounds showing a huge potential for food and pharmaceutical applications.ObjectiveThis review will give an account of the colorimetric assays used and a discussion of their quantitative and qualitative analytical shortcomings. It will also discuss other more complex and modern analytical chemistry methods that are currently being developed to study phlorotannins. The purpose of this review is to increase awareness of these bioactive compounds and promote further development of robust analytical methods for use in biology, food science, pharmacology and biomedical and cosmeceutical sciences.ResultsWhilst the biological activity and huge commercial potential of the phlorotannins has been widely reported throughout the literature, the chemical structures and reactivity of these compounds is still not well understood. The phlorotannin content of seaweed is usually characterised using colorimetric assays. However, although these methods give a reasonable overall estimation of the total phenolic content, they lack precision and specificity.ConclusionThis review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used colorimetric assays. Novel techniques are highlighted using more selective chemistry to identify this class of compounds.
Realization of Universal Quantum Gates with Spin‐Qudits in Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Moro Fabrizio , Fielding Alistair J. , Turyanska Lyudmila , Patanè Amalia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHyperfine interactions in a single Mn‐ion confined in a quantum dot (QD) are exploited to create a qudit, that is, a multilevel quantum‐bit system, with well‐defined, addressable, and robust set of spin states for the realization of universal quantum gates. An arbitrary superposition of states between selected hyperfine energy level pairs is generated and probed by using electron double resonance detected nuclear magnetic resonance (EDNMR). This enables the observation of Rabi oscillations and the experimental realization of NOT and universal quantum gates that are robust against decoherence. Our protocol for cyclical preparation, manipulation, and read‐out of logic gates offers opportunities for the integration of qudits in scalable quantum circuit architectures beyond solid state electron spin qubits.
Privatization, demographic growth, and perceived sustainability: Lessons from the Israeli renewing kibbutzim
Authors: Reitan Ayelet , Rubin Ofir D. , Rubin Aviad , Kimhi Ayal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn 2005, the State of Israel established a new classification—renewing kibbutzim. This study examines the relationship between the extent of privatization and the various forms of demographic growth that were permissible under the new classification and their impact on the perceived sustainability of the kibbutz in these communal communities. We collected data at the kibbutz level via interviews with community managers and at the individual level through questionnaires among community members in 19 kibbutzim. We employed the “nearest neighbor” methodology to create pairs who were demographically eligible for a before and after comparison. Although our results about perceived sustainability suggest that kibbutzim across the board have overcome the struggle to survive and have been able to recover, unlike commonly assumed, changes they adopted in the direction of more privatization and diversified statuses are clearly correlated with smaller increases in levels of perceived sustainability. Our findings may offer lessons for wider sociological questions concerning processes of privatization and stratification.
Carbon Quantum Dot as Electron Transporting Layer in Organic Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Alam Md. Bayazeed , Yadav Kanchan , Shukla Devyani , Srivastava Ritu , Lahiri Jayeeta , Parmar Avanish. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarbon quantum dots derived from banana leaves by a simple hydrothermal process has been used as an electron transport layer to fabricate Organic Light Emitting Diodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Carbon QD utilized as an electron transport layer inOLED. Devices with multilayered structureITO/PEDOT: PSS/PFO/CQD/LiF/Al are fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. Current‐Voltage (I−V) curves reveal that the turn‐on voltages are reduced from 8 V to 6 V as compared with pristine PFO device.Results show CQD as an ETL has enhanced the performance and efficiency of the OLEDs.
pH/UV Responsive Polymeric Micelles Based on Coumarin to Tune Emulsification/Solidification Performance
Authors: Li Sisi , Wang Feng , Liu Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA kind of pH/UV sensitive terpolymer was prepared based on 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 7‐(2‐(4‐vinylbenzyloxyl)‐ethoxy)‐4‐methyl‐coumarin. To well trace the self‐assembly process and reversible photo‐cross/de‐cross‐linking, the pH‐ and light‐responsive behaviors at various conditions were investigated by dynamic light scattering and UV‐Vis spectroscopic analysis, respectively. Besides, dual pH‐ and light‐responsive coumarin‐containing polymeric micelles could be used to manipulate the emulsion phases and trigger the solidification of emulsions, which was a big breakthrough in the development of particulate emulsifiers. The emulsifying performance could be predicted by the form of aqueous micellar solutions with a certain pH value before oil‐water homogenization. Different to the effect of pH value lonely, the conversion from emulsification into solidification could be achieved with the synergetic effect of pH value and UV irradiation. This work might cast new insights on tuning emulsification/solidification performance just by adjusting pH value and UV irradiation time without the need for additives.
Ruthenium Oxide Modified alpha‐Manganese Dioxide Nanotube as Efficient Bifunctional Cathode Catalysts for Lithium Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiuhui , Chen Chunguang , Chen Xiang , Wang Leidanyang , Huang Tao , Yu Aishui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe design and fabrication of cathode remain a major challenge for lithium oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries. Here, RuO2/α‐MnO2 nanotubes as efficient bifunctional cathode catalysts are prepared by two‐step hydrothermal reaction to improve the battery performance. Nitrogen adsorption desorption (BET) tests indicate that RuO2/α‐MnO2 nanotubes have mesoporous structure with specific surface area of 51.2 m2 g−1. Electrochemical tests show that the catalytic activity and the conductivity of α‐MnO2 nanotubes modified with RuO2 nanoparticles are improved. RuO2/α‐MnO2 nanotubes are used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for cathode in Li‐O2 batteries, which show reduced overpotential, improved rate and cycling performance. At the current density of 0.05 mA cm−2, the overpotential of the batteries can go down by 0.38 V, and these batteries can be fully discharged/charged 26 cycles stably at a fixed capacity of 500 mAh g−1. The combination of RuO2 nanoparticles and α‐MnO2 nanotubes has excellent catalytic activity for ORR/OER, thus greatly improving the electrochemical performance of Li‐O2 batteries.
Band Structure Engineering of Schiff‐Base Microporous Organic Polymers for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Xiao Zhichang , Huang Xiaoxiong , Zhao Kun , Song Qi , Guo Ruiying , Zhang Xinghao , Zhou Shanke , Kong Debin , Wagner Manfred , Müllen Klaus , Zhi Linjie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSchiff‐base networks (SBNs), as typical examples of nitrogen‐doped microporous organic polymers (MOPs), exhibit promising application prospects owing to their stable properties and tunable chemical structures. However, their band structure engineering, which plays a key role in optical properties, remains elusive due to the complicated mechanisms behind energy level adjustment. In this work, a series of SBNs are fabricated by tailoring the ratio of p‐phthalaldehyde and o‐phthalaldehyde in the Schiff‐base chemistry reaction with melamine, resulting in a straightforward as well as continuous tuning of their band gaps ranging from 4.4 to 1.4 eV. Consequently, SBNs can be successfully used as photocatalysts with excellent visible‐light photocatalytic activity even under metal‐free conditions. Significantly, electronic structures of SBNs are systematically studied by electrochemical and spectroscopic characterizations, demonstrating that the enhanced performance is ascribed to proper band structure and improved charge separation ability. More importantly, in combination with theoretical calculations, the band structure regulation mechanism and band structure‐photocatalytic property relationship are deeply disclosed. The results obtained from this study will not only furnish SBN materials with excellent performance for solar energy conversion, but also open up elegant protocols for the molecular engineering of MOPs with desirable band structures.
Ultraflexible and Lightweight Bamboo‐Derived Transparent Electrodes for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Kaiping , Lu Zheng , Cong Shan , Cheng Guanjian , Ma Peipei , Lou Yanhui , Ding Jianning , Yuan Ningyi , Rümmeli Mark H. , Zou Guifu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWearable devices are mainly based on plastic substrates, such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, which causes environmental pollution after use due to the long decomposition periods. This work reports on the fabrication of a biodegradable and biocompatible transparent conductive electrode derived from bamboo for flexible perovskite solar cells. The conductive bioelectrode exhibits extremely flexible and light‐weight properties. After bending 3000 times at a 4 mm curvature radius or even undergoing a crumpling test, it still shows excellent electrical performance and negligible decay. The performance of the bamboo‐based bioelectrode perovskite solar cell exhibits a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.68%, showing the highest efficiency among all reported biomass‐based perovskite solar cells. It is remarkable that this flexible device has a highly bendable mechanical stability, maintaining over 70% of its original PCE during 1000 bending cycles at a 4 mm curvature radius. This work paves the way for perovskite solar cells toward comfortable and environmentally friendly wearable devices.
Cloud broker proposal based on multicriteria decision‐making and virtual infrastructure migration
Authors: Rodrigues Leonardo R. , Cardoso Euclides , Alves Omir C. , Redígolo Fernando F. , Pillon Maurício A. , Miers Charles C. , Koslovski Guilherme P. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe adoption of infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a reality for academic, industrial, and governmental institutions. Cloud tenants request dynamically provisioned virtual infrastructures (VIs) tailored to their application requirements, detailing not only the virtual compute/storage resources but also the network components, topology, and services. The creation of a large number of cloud providers came along with the widespread use of VIs. The selection of an appropriate provider is a challenging task due to the diversity of the IaaS market and formally is a multicriteria analysis (NP‐hard). Notwithstanding the provider selection complexity, the mobility of VI‐hosted applications is limited due to the optimization anchors introduced by providers. Although the existing IaaS cloud brokers can indicate a hosting provider, they lack on conceptual and technical skills to migrate a VI and all its internal components between providers. This work enhances the state‐of‐the‐art on IaaS cloud brokerage by proposing virtual infrastructure multicriteria allocation and migration–based broker (VIMAM), which performs a multicriteria analysis of providers and VI migration. VIMAM is driven by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to select an IaaS provider, offering a set of predefined weighting schemas to represent distinct tenant perspectives. Moreover, to migrate a VI, VIMAM takes into account the virtual machines, containers, switches, and other topology elements. In addition to discussing the AHP ranking weights and frequency of providers selection, the experimental analysis details the implementation of an OpenStack and Docker–based prototype for VI migration.
Synthesis of Single‐Component Metal Oxides with Controllable Multi‐Shelled Structure and their Morphology‐Related Applications
Authors: Qin Ming , Lan Di , Liu Jiaolong , Liang Hongsheng , Zhang Limin , Xing Hui , Xu Tingting , Wu Hongjing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMulti‐shelled hollow spheres metal oxides, namely materials with more than three shells, have attracted increasing attention due to their unique structure. The preparation methods of typical metal oxides including NiO, Co3O4 and ZnO etc. have been summarized in this review. Simultaneously, the parameters that influence the ultimate morphologies, shell number as well as the compositions have also been discussed. The potential application fields in energy conversion and storage, electromagnetic wave absorption, photocatalysis that related to the unique structure are also highlighted. Finally, the future researches of multi‐shelled hollow spheres metal oxides are further discussed.
National Cancer Institute Alliance for nanotechnology in cancer—Catalyzing research and translation toward novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics
Authors: Hartshorn Christopher M. , Russell Luisa M. , Grodzinski Piotr 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNanotechnology has been a burgeoning research field, which is finding compelling applications in several practical areas of everyday life. It has provided novel, paradigm shifting solutions to medical problems and particularly to cancer. In order to accelerate integration of nanotechnology into cancer research and oncology, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer program in 2005. This effort brought together scientists representing physical sciences, chemistry, and engineering working at the nanoscale with biologists and clinicians working on cancer to form a uniquely multidisciplinary cancer nanotechnology research community. The last 14 years of the program have produced a remarkable body of scientific discovery and demonstrated its utility to the development of practical cancer interventions. This paper takes stock of how the Alliance program influenced melding of disparate research disciplines into the field of nanomedicine and cancer nanotechnology, has been highly productive in the scientific arena, and produced a mechanism of seamless transfer of novel technologies developed in academia to the clinical and commercial space.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Perspectives on the Origin of Biological Homochirality on Earth
Authors: Tamura Koji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe origin of biological homochirality on Earth has been an important unresolved issue in the field of molecular evolution and many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this. The most prevailing view may be that of astrobiologists, in that a slight enantiomeric excess of l-amino acids in meteorites can account for the origin. However, the view ignores two important factors: amino acid racemization, and the evolution and continuity of biological systems on Earth. Therefore, on the basis of these two standpoints, the plausibility of the hypothesis that chiral-selective tRNA aminoacylation could have led to crucial homochiral protein biosynthesis should be emphasized. Recent molecular dynamic simulations have clearly elucidated the mechanisms of enantiomer-specific aminoacylation. These studies strengthen the possibility that the hypothesized chiral selection of amino acids in biological systems actually occurred at the molecular level. It is significant to raise the points because the topic so far has tended to be expressed unclearly and ambiguously and also handled as such owing to its very nature.
Arable and forest land user rent in a peri-urban district, Ghana
Authors: Appiah Divine Odame , Abalo Emmanuel Mawuli , Eshun Gabriel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLand-use policies meant to mitigate deforestation activities in Ghana will have to consider the heterogeneity of the drivers of arable and forest land degradation. This would help avoid the one-size fits all approach to solving this problem. The urgency for this realisation is premised on the recent increasing monetary incentive to convert arable and forest land to other land uses in peri-urban Ghana. This study hypothesised that there is no significant relationship between land rent and the conversion probability from arable and forest land to other land uses such as commercial, industrial and residential land uses in Bosomtwe, a peri-urban district in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Four-hundred and oneusufructor land-owning households and individual landowners participated through a three-stage sampling procedure. The results indicated a significant relationship between higher land rent and conversion probability from arable land to other land uses such as commercial, industrial and residential land uses. Specifically, receiving land rent above GH¢400 (OR = 1.979) predicted the outcome variable in all three models. Moreover, being a female (OR = 0.612), ageing: 56 and 65 (OR = 2.158) and 76 and above (OR = 11.781), traders/food vendors (OR = 0.423) and widows (OR = 2.050) had some odds of predicting the outcome variable. The study recommends a reformation of government land use conversion policies and decisions in collaboration with landowners, to include parameters which assess the effect and benefits of land conversion decisions on biodiversity before leasing out land rights.
Laser-induced vapour bubble as a means for crystal nucleation in supersaturated solutions—Formulation of a numerical framework
Authors: Hidman Niklas , Sardina Gaetano , Maggiolo Dario , Ström Henrik , Sasic Srdjan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe use in this work numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of a laser-induced vapour bubble with a special focus on the resolution of a thin layer of liquid around the bubble. The application of interest is laser-induced crystallization, where the bubble acts as a nucleation site for crystals. Experimental results indicate the extreme dynamics of these bubbles where the interface during the period of 200 us, from nucleation to collapse, reaches a maximum radius of roughly 700 µm and attains a velocity of well above 20 m/s. To fully resolve the dynamics of the bubble, the volume of fluid (VOF) numerical framework is used. Inertia, thermal effects, and phase-change phenomena are identified as the governing phenomena for the bubble dynamics. We develop and implement into our numerical framework an interface phase-change model that takes into account both evaporation and condensation. The performed simulations produce qualitatively promising results that are in fair agreement with both experiments and analytical solutions from the literature. The reasons behind the observed differences are discussed and suggestions are made for future improvements of the framework.
Specific activation of thehb4gene in theXenopusoocyte through a Nobox-binding element located at the proximal promoter sequence
Authors: Nakamigawa Masanori , Kondo Takumi , Maéno Mitsugu 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe isolated and characterizedXenopus tropicalis hb4flanking DNA and showed that the −3076/+29 sequence was able to drive stage-specific transcription in the developmental process. Transgenic reporter analysis indicated that green fluorescent protein was expressed in the ovaries of female frogs at 3 months of age and in both the ovaries and testis of frogs at 6 months of age. A series of experiments with deletion of the flanking sequence and a subsequent luciferase reporter assay revealed that there were two positive regulatory regions and that the most proximal sequence of the promoter region had a certain level of transcriptional activity in oocytes. Subsequently, we showed that a conserved sequence containing Nobox-binding element (NBE) was essential for transcriptional activation and that Nobox expressed in the ovary had a crucial role inhb4transcription through the NBE sequence.