bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence of Adaptive Compression Methods for Hartree‐Fock‐Like Equations
Authors: Lin Lin , Lindsey Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe adaptively compressed exchange (ACE) method provides an efficient way to solve Hartree‐Fock‐like equations in quantum physics, chemistry, and materials science. The key step of the ACE method is to adaptively compress an operator that is possibly dense and full‐rank. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the adaptive compression operation and establish rigorous convergence properties of the adaptive compression method in the context of solving linear eigenvalue problems. Our analysis also elucidates the potential use of the adaptive compression method in a wide range of problems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Epiperimetric Inequality for the Regularity of Some Free Boundary Problems: The 2‐Dimensional Case
Authors: Spolaor Luca , Velichkov Bozhidar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing a direct approach, we prove a two‐dimensional epiperimetric inequality for the one‐phase problem in the scalar and vectorial cases and for the double‐phase problem. From this we deduce, in dimension 2, the C1,α regularity of the free boundary in the scalar one‐phase and double‐phase problems, and of the reduced free boundary in the vectorial case, without any restriction on the sign of the component functions. Furthermore, we show that in the vectorial case each connected component of might have cusps, but they must be a finite number. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Millennials' green consumption behaviour: Exploring the role of social media
Authors: Bedard Stephanie Anne Nicole , Tolmie Carri Reisdorf 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated millennials' perceptions of sustainable products, and the factors that make these products appealing. Yet insight into the green purchase intentions of this demographic and influencing factors is limited. This study investigates the influence of social media usage and online interpersonal influence on green purchase intentions among millennials in the USA. In addition, the study considers how the cultural dimensions of individualism–collectivism and masculinity–femininity moderate the relationship between social media usage, online interpersonal influence, and green purchase intentions. Results indicate that social media usage and online interpersonal influence have significant, positive relationships with green purchase intentions. Masculinity was found to exert a weakening effect on the relationships in the study, while the effects of individualism were found to be insignificant. Results have important managerial implications for firms' sustainability strategy and provide a framework for investigating green purchase intentions in additional cultures around the world.
Integrated reporting: The mediating role of the board of directors and investor protection on managerial discretion in munificent environments
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , Garcia‐Benau María‐Antonia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIs there a relationship between managerial discretion in munificent environments and the propensity to disclose an integrated reporting? Is this relationship contingent on the board of directors and investor protection? For an international sample for 2006–2014, this paper supports the assertion that managers are more able to extract superior perquisites when the level of accumulated cash holding is higher; that is, in munificent contexts. Because of the greater managerial discretion in these contexts, managers show a lower incentive to disclose voluntary information through an integrated report, which decreases the firm's transparency. Nonetheless, the board of directors and the level of investor protection, as control mechanisms, play an active role in constraining managerial discretion and improving the firm's transparency. The lower dissemination of integrated reporting in munificent contexts—where managerial discretion is greater—is moderated when the board is stronger and in countries with higher levels of investor protection.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Co3S4 Hollow Nanoboxes for the Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes
Authors: Yang Shuliang , Peng Li , Sun Daniel T. , Oveisi Emad , Bulut Safak , Queen Wendy L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMOF‐derived Co3S4/CN hollow nanoboxes (CN=nitrogen‐doped carbon) was used to catalyze the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes to anilines under mild reaction conditions with H2 as the reducing agent. The catalyst provides high conversion efficiencies and selectivities for a variety of nitroarene substrates that contain electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing substituents under mild reaction conditions (in methanol at 60 °C). Further, the nanobox inhibits both dehalogenation and vinyl hydrogenation reactions, which are common limitations of state‐of‐the‐art Pd‐based catalysts. Because the reactions result in pure aniline products, the need for separation by column chromatography is eliminated. The resulting anilines are easily separated from the methanolic reaction solution in just three simple steps (centrifugation, decantation, and drying). If employed in industrial processes, catalysts of this kind would significantly reduce the amount of waste organic solvent generated and thus satisfy the need for sustainable chemical processes.
Across the Board: Arjan Kleij
Authors: Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Arjan W. Kleij, who discusses the use of terpenes as raw materials for the synthesis of biobased polyesters and polycarbonates, and the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead for these renewable polymers in the area of material science, trying to meet the requirements of a circular economy.
Field tests of a general ectotherm niche model show how water can limit lizard activity and distribution
Authors: Kearney Michael R. , Munns Suzanne L. , Moore Danae , Malishev Matthew , Bull C. Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMechanistic forecasts of how species will respond to climate change are highly desired but difficult to achieve. Because processes at different scales are explicit in such models, careful assessments of their predictive abilities can provide valuable insights that will be relevant to functionally similar species. However, there are surprisingly few comprehensive field tests of mechanistic niche models in the literature. We applied a general, thermodynamically grounded modeling framework to determine the fundamental niche of an extremely well‐studied herbivorous ectotherm, the sleepy lizard Tiliqua rugosa. We then compared the model predictions with detailed long‐term field observations that included sub‐hourly data on microclimate, activity levels, home ranges, and body temperatures as well as annual to decadal patterns of body condition and growth. Body temperature predictions inferred from gridded climatic data were within 10% of empirically observed values and explained >70% of observed daytime activity patterns across all lizards. However, some periods of activity restriction were explained by predicted desiccation level rather than by temperature, and metabolically driven activity requirements were much lower than potential activity time. Decadal trajectories of field growth and body condition could also be explained to within 10% of observed values, with the variance in trajectories being attributable to whether individuals had access to permanent water. Continent‐wide applications of the model partly captured the inland distribution limit, but only after accounting for water limitations. Predicted changes in habitat suitability under six climate change scenarios were generally positive within the species’ current range, but varied strongly with predicted rainfall. Temperature is regarded as the major factor that will restrict the distribution and abundance of lizards and other terrestrial ectotherms under climate change. Yet our findings show how water can be more important than temperature in constraining the activity, habitat requirements, and distribution limits of terrestrial ectotherms. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of first‐principles computation of the climatic limits on terrestrial animals from gridded environmental data, providing a coherent picture for how species will respond to climate change at different scales of space and time.
Environmental and endogenous drivers of tree mast production and synchrony in piñon–juniper–oak woodlands of New Mexico
Authors: Parmenter Robert R. , Zlotin Roman I. , Moore Douglas I. , Myers Orrin B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTree masting (synchronous, episodic reproduction) is common worldwide and is hypothesized to be especially important in ecosystems with low species diversity and productivity as in semi‐arid woodlands of the American Southwest. We analyzed mast dynamics of three dominant tree species, one‐seed juniper (Cupressaceae: Juniperus monosperma), two‐needle piñon pine (Pinaceae: Pinus edulis), and Sonoran scrub oak (Fagaceae: Quercus turbinella), on six sites during 1997–2016 within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico. We tested multiple hypotheses regarding environmental and endogenous variables as controlling mechanisms, analyzing time‐series mast production data in relation to weather variables (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, wind) over different time frames, and assessed evidence for weather tracking, resource switching, resource depletion, resource cycling, and pollen limitation. We found that (1) in univariate regression analyses, mast production in all three species was inversely related to lagged late‐summer/autumn temperatures during fruit primordia formation (1‐yr lag for juniper and oak, 2‐yr lag for piñon pine). Juniper mast production (n = 412 trees) was positively related to current‐year late‐winter (February–April) precipitation, combined with a negative relationship with current‐year summer temperatures. Piñon pine mast production (n = 210 trees) was positively related to 1‐yr lagged total annual precipitation and negatively associated with current‐year spring and summer temperatures. Oak mast production (n = 194 trees) also was positively related to current‐year late‐winter precipitation but was not affected by subsequent summer temperatures. (2) Multivariate environmental logistic regression models produced reasonable fits to observed field mast values. (3) High‐mast years in juniper and oak were characterized by greater proportions of trees producing mast and increased mast production per tree. (4) Juniper, oak, and piñon pine mast years were highly synchronized. (5) We found indirect support for resource depletion in all three species at some sites and indirect support for resource cycling in oak populations. (6) We observed only marginal indirect evidence for resource switching in piñon pine and oak. (7) Analyses of atmospheric pollen abundance relative to mast production produced no significant relationships. Predictive models of mast production have direct applications to regional silviculture, wildlife management, and ecosystem services in Southwestern woodlands.
Microbes follow Humboldt: temperature drives plant and soil microbial diversity patterns from the Amazon to the Andes
Authors: Nottingham Andrew T. , Fierer Noah , Turner Benjamin L. , Whitaker Jeanette , Ostle Nick J. , McNamara Niall P. , Bardgett Richard D. , Leff Jonathan W. , Salinas Norma , Silman Miles R. , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , Meir Patrick 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMore than 200 years ago, Alexander von Humboldt reported that tropical plant species richness decreased with increasing elevation and decreasing temperature. Surprisingly, coordinated patterns in plant, bacterial, and fungal diversity on tropical mountains have not yet been observed, despite the central role of soil microorganisms in terrestrial biogeochemistry and ecology. We studied an Andean transect traversing 3.5 km in elevation to test whether the species diversity and composition of tropical forest plants, soil bacteria, and fungi follow similar biogeographical patterns with shared environmental drivers. We found coordinated changes with elevation in all three groups: species richness declined as elevation increased, and the compositional dissimilarity among communities increased with increased separation in elevation, although changes in plant diversity were larger than in bacteria and fungi. Temperature was the dominant driver of these diversity gradients, with weak influences of edaphic properties, including soil pH. The gradients in microbial diversity were strongly correlated with the activities of enzymes involved in organic matter cycling, and were accompanied by a transition in microbial traits towards slower‐growing, oligotrophic taxa at higher elevations. We provide the first evidence of coordinated temperature‐driven patterns in the diversity and distribution of three major biotic groups in tropical ecosystems: soil bacteria, fungi, and plants. These findings suggest that interrelated and fundamental patterns of plant and microbial communities with shared environmental drivers occur across landscape scales. These patterns are revealed where soil pH is relatively constant, and have implications for tropical forest communities under future climate change.
Exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with pulmonary artery catheter monitoring in carcinoid heart disease: a shift towards early intervention?
Authors: Timmermans Philippe , Rega Filip , Bogaert Jan , Herregods Marie‐Christine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumours are a rare malignancy, which can be complicated by a carcinoid syndrome and, in more rare cases, also valve destruction. The correct timing for surgical repair remains unknown. We report the first‐in‐men exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with pulmonary artery catheter measurements in order to better understand the haemodynamic impact of isolated tricuspid valve insufficiency in a low symptomatic patient. Not pressure but volume overload is the key factor in the development of symptoms, as long as the right ventricular function is intact. Based on our findings, we referred the patient for tricuspid valve replacement. This case, together with the review of all carcinoid heart disease cases in our hospital (a large tertiary cardiology and oncology centre) since 2000, indicates a potential benefit for early intervention in carcinoid heart disease.
General versus pain‐specific cognitions: Pain catastrophizing but not optimism influences conditioned pain modulation
Authors: Traxler Juliane , Hanssen Marjolein M. , Lautenbacher Stefan , Ottawa Fabian , Peters Madelon L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies found evidence that dispositional optimism is related to lower pain sensitivity. Recent findings suggest that temporarily increasing optimism by means of imagining a positive future may also have pain‐alleviating effects.ObjectivesThe present experiment was designed to investigate conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as a potential underlying mechanism of this pain‐alleviating effect of induced optimism.MethodsFor this purpose, 45 healthy participants were randomized into an optimistic or neutral imagery condition. Additionally, participants completed questionnaires on dispositional optimism, pain catastrophizing and pain expectations. CPM was assessed by delivering a series of five heat pain stimuli on the nondominant hand before and during immersion of the dominant hand in water of 5°C for 70 s.ResultsA clear CPM effect was found, that is heat pain reports were lower during simultaneous cold water stimulation. Although the optimism manipulation successfully increased optimism, it did not affect pain ratings or CPM. Post hoc analyses indicated that dispositional optimism was not associated with the magnitude of CPM, but pain catastrophizing and pain expectations did significantly correlate with the CPM effect.ConclusionPain‐specific but not general cognitions appear to influence endogenous pain modulation.SignificanceConditioned pain modulation is not the underlying mechanism of the pain‐alleviating effects of induced optimism. However, pain‐specific cognitions including pain catastrophizing and pain expectations affect endogenous pain modulation which should be taken into account in treatment and CPM research.
A case report of sustained resolution of cancer pain by continuous perineural infusion of local anaesthetic
Authors: Fuzier Régis , Izard Philippe , Daboussi Amelle , Pouymayou Jacques , Pierre Sébastien 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are currently offered as first‐line treatment for chronic pain from cancer. Continuous regional analgesia could be an alternative to opioids. However, the required duration of catheterization and the sustained analgesic effects of this technique after catheter removal have yet to be clarified.Case ReportWe report the case of a patient with a shoulder desmoid tumour for which monitoring of tumour progression was the sole therapeutic strategy. Analgesia took the form of patient‐controlled infusion of local anaesthetics through an interscalene catheter. Due to the need of an MRI control 45 days later, the pump was stopped. The persistence of pain relief 48 hr later led to the decision to remove the perineural catheter. No pain was reported by the patient over the following 42 days.ConclusionsIn this patient, it would seem that continuous analgesia allowed for a sustained resolution of pain from the shoulder‐located tumour. One hypothesis is that local anaesthetics play a direct role in the erasure of pain memory. This hypothesis needs to be tested with a large patient cohort.SignificanceThis case report provides new insights into the treatment of cancer pain. The most interesting finding is that the pain did remained absent after 45 days of continuous infusion of local anaesthetics through an interscalene catheter. We postulated that local anaesthetic drugs have an impact on pain memory.
Active channel width as a proxy of sediment supply from mining sites in New Caledonia
Authors: Bertrand Mélanie , Liébault Frédéric 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough the channel morphology of upland fluvial systems is known to be strongly controlled by sediment supply from hillslopes, it is still difficult to isolate this effect from the other controlling factors of channel forms, such as the sediment transport capacity (depending notably on the size of the catchment) and local conditions (e.g. confinement, riparian vegetation, valley‐floor slope). The rivers in New Caledonia offer an interesting field laboratory to isolate the morphological effect of contrasted sediment supply conditions. Some of these rivers are known to be highly impacted by the coarse sediment waves induced by the mining of nickel deposits that started in the early 1870s, which was particularly intensive between the 1940s and 1970s. The propagation of the sediment pulses from the mining sites can be traced by the presence of wide and aggraded active channels along the stream network of nickel‐rich peridotite massifs. A first set of 63 undisturbed catchments in peridotite massifs distributed across the Grande Terre was used to fit a classic scaling law between active channel width and drainage area. A second set of 86 impacted sites, where the presence of sediment waves was clearly attested by recent aerial imagery, showed systematically wider active channels, with a width ratio around 5 (established from the intercept ratio of width–area power laws). More importantly, this second set of disturbed sites confirmed that the residual of active channel widths, computed from the scaling law of undisturbed sites, is statistically positively related to the catchment‐scale relative area of major mining sediment sources. It is therefore confirmed that the characterization of sediment supply conditions is crucial for the understanding of spatial patterns of active channel width, and this should be more thoroughly considered in morphological studies of rivers draining environments with contrasted geomorphic activities on hillslopes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to Bait the Hook: Identifying What Motivates Anglers to Participate in a Volunteer Angler Data Program
Authors: Crandall Chelsey A , Monroe Martha , Dutka-Gianelli Jynessa , Fitzgerald Brett , Lorenzen Kai 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Volunteer angler data programs can help to address challenges in collecting recreational fisheries data. However, recruiting and retaining participants can be difficult. This study surveyed participants in the Angler Action Program to identify motivations and barriers to participation. Results showed that participants were most motivated by the desire to improve fisheries data, contribute to original research, and benefit scientists as well as to improve fisheries for the enjoyment of all. Individual benefits (except those related to learning) or subjective norms (“peer pressure”) were not important motivations. Participating anglers shared motivations in common with citizen scientists in other fields. Satisfaction with fisheries management and science was similar between participants and nonparticipants, indicating that dissatisfaction with either was not a major motivation. The biggest barrier to participation for nonparticipants (i.e., those who enrolled in the program but never entered data) was lack of knowledge about the program, and a decrease in fishing; the time it takes to enter data, software difficulties, and forgetting were also cited. Outreach and feedback addressing participants’ main motivations—for example, by providing data syntheses and illustrating the value of the data to science and management—may offer the most effective avenues for recruiting and retaining participants.
Conjugate natural convection in a fluid‐saturated porous enclosure with two solid vertical partitions
Authors: Chordiya Jayesh Subhash , Sharma Ram Vinoy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConjugate natural convection in a fluid‐saturated square porous enclosure with two solid vertical partitions of finite and equal thickness equispaced from center of enclosure is investigated in this paper. The primary objective is to attenuate the Nusselt number (Nu) and hence the heat transfer rate across a differentially heated enclosure. Darcy's model is considered. Numerical computation is performed using successive accelerated replacement and explicit scheme. Partition ratio, partition length, thermal conductivity ratio, and modified Rayleigh number are the parameters under study. Fluid flow is analyzed by observing transient changes of streamlines and isotherms for partition length 0.3‐1, thermal conductivity ratio 0.5‐2, partition ratio 0.1‐0.3 and modified Rayleigh number 100 and 1000 where partition ratio is the ratio of distance between center of enclosure and either of the partition center to the total length of the enclosure; while Nusselt number is calculated to estimate the heat transfer rate for each configuration. It is found that, employing a solid partition within the enclosure most definitely reduces the Nusselt number. The drop in Nusselt number is more for partition length 0‐0.6 after which it does show a drop in Nu but only very subtle. Further, Nu is the least for partition ratio 0.2. Also, Nusselt number is proportional to thermal conductivity ratio which is the ratio of thermal conductivity of solid to porous medium.