bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective economic production quantity model for fully backlogged problem where demand depend on some conditions and permissible delay in payment
Authors: Biswas Abhishek Kanti , Islam Sahidul 
Published: June 2019

For any business, inventory system takes a monumental part. Keep this aspect in mind, we formulate multi-objective displayed EPQ model consider with non-instantaneous deteriorating things where production depends on demand and variable demand pattern depends on display self-space, selling price and frequency of advertisement of the item. The customers are more attracted to buy an item by observing self-space, selling price and advertisement. Imperfect materials are now and again come back to providers for a discount or credit. Here price discount is available for deteriorated and defective items. Holding cost varies with time where shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. Fuzzy environment touches the reality instead of the crisp environment. So, we assumed the cost components as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and Nearest Interval Approximation Method is used to defuzzify the model. Finally, numerical examples as well as sketches are given to illustrate the model.
Estimation of environment-induced crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factors generated during slow strain rate testing of aluminum alloys
Authors: Holroyd N.J. Henry , Burnett Timothy L. , Palmer Benjamin C. , Lewandowski John J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this contribution, we introduce a simple approach to quickly estimate the environment-induced crack velocity (CV) as a function of the calculated applied stress intensity factor (K) developed during the slow strain rate testing of aluminum alloys exposed to aqueous or humid air-type environments. The CV-K behavior for a commercial aluminum-magnesium alloy, AA5083-H131, sensitized and pre-exposed to a 0.6 m NaCl solution has been estimated from slow strain rate test data. The predicted threshold K and crack velocities match recently published data for the same alloy in similarly sensitized conditions where the CV-K data were obtained using state-of-the-art fracture mechanics-based testing.
Tauroursodeoxycholate protects from glycochenodeoxycholate-induced gene expression changes in perfused rat liver
Authors: Paluschinski Martha , Castoldi Mirco , Schöler David , Bardeck Nils , Oenarto Jessica , Görg Boris , Häussinger Dieter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) is well known to protect against glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC)-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes. In the present study, we analyzed whether TUDC also exerts protective effects by modulating GCDC-induced gene expression changes. For this, gene array-based transcriptome analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed on RNA isolated from rat livers perfused with GCDC, TUDC or a combination of both (each 20 μm for 2 h). GCDC led to a significant increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the effluent perfusate, which was prevented by TUDC. GCDC, TUDC and co-perfusion induced distinct gene expression changes. While GCDC upregulated the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, co-perfusion with TUDC increased the expression of pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic p53 target genes. In line with this, levels of serine20-phosphorylated p53 and of its target gene p21 were elevated by GCDC in a TUDC-sensitive way. GCDC upregulated the oxidative stress surrogate marker 8OH(d)G and the pro-apoptotic microRNAs miR-15b/16 and these effects were prevented by TUDC. The upregulation of miR-15b and miR-16 in GCDC-perfused livers was accompanied by a downregulation of several potential miR-15b and miR-16 target genes. The present study identified changes in the transcriptome of the rat liver which suggest, that TUDC is hepatoprotective by counteracting GCDC-induced gene expression changes.
Ludometrics: luck, and how to measure it
Authors: Gilbert Daniel E. , Wells Martin T. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Game theory is the study of tractable games which may be used to model more complex systems. Board games, video games and sports, however, are intractable by design, so “ludological” theories about these games as complex phenomena should be grounded in empiricism. A first “ludometric” concern is the empirical measurement of the amount of luck in various games. We argue against a narrow view of luck which includes only factors outside any player’s control, and advocate for a holistic definition of luck as complementary to the variation in effective skill within a population of players. We introduce two metrics for luck in a game for a given population – one information theoretical, and one Bayesian, and discuss the estimation of these metrics using sparse, high-dimensional regression techniques. Finally, we apply these techniques to compare the amount of luck between various professional sports, between Chess and Go, and between two hobby board games: Race for the Galaxy and Seasons.
Soft covering based rough graphs and corresponding decision making
Authors: Park Choonkil , Shah Nasir , Rehman Noor , Ali Abbas , Ali Muhammad Irfan , Shabir Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Soft set theory and rough set theory are two new tools to discuss uncertainty. Graph theory is a nice way to depict certain information. Particularly soft graphs serve the purpose beautifully. In order to discuss uncertainty in soft graphs, some new types of graphs called soft covering based rough graphs are introduced. Several basic properties of these newly defined graphs are explored. Applications of soft covering based rough graphs in decision making can be very fruitful. In this regard an algorithm has been proposed.
An investigation of fractional Bagley-Torvik equation
Authors: Fazli Hossein , Nieto Juan J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper the authors prove the existence as well as approximations of the solutions for the Bagley-Torvik equation admitting only the existence of a lower (coupled lower and upper) solution. Our results rely on an appropriate fixed point theorem in partially ordered normed linear spaces. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of our technique.
Embedding of Supplementary Results in Strong EMT Valuations and Strength
Authors: Kanwal Salma , Imtiaz Mariam , Iftikhar Zurdat , Ashraf Rehana , Arshad Misbah , Irfan Rida , Sumbal Tahira 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A graph ℘ is said to be edge-magic total (EMT if there is a bijection Υ : V(℘) ∪ E(℘) → {1, 2, …, |V(℘) ∪ E(℘)|} s.t., Υ(υ) + Υ(υν) + Υ(ν) is a constant for every edge υν ∈ E(℘). An EMT graph ℘ will be called strong edge-magic total (SEMT) if Υ(V(℘)) = {1, 2, …, |V(℘)|}. The SEMT strength, sm(℘), of a graph ℘ is the minimum of all magic constants a(Υ), where the minimum runs over all the SEMT valuations of ℘, this minimum is defined only if the graph has at least one such SEMT valuation. Furthermore, the SEMT deficiency of a graph ℘, μs(℘), is either the minimum non-negative integer n such that ℘ ∪ nK1 is SEMT or +∞ if there will be no such integer n. In this paper, we will present the strong edge-magicness and deficiency of disjoint union of 2-sided generalized comb with bistar, path and caterpillar, moreover we will evaluate the SEMT strength for 2-sided generalized comb.
The Stylistic Function of Neologisms in Cercidas
Authors: Guasti Duccio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper I analyze the rhetorical function of compositional neologisms in Cercidas’ versification, in order to provide a new semantical and/or syntactical explanation for single words that have not been correctly interpreted before. In particular I analyze the fragments 1.41–50 Lom., 2.25–7 Lom. and 60 Lom., focusing especially on the correct interpretation of τεθνακοχαλκίδης, συοπλουτοσύνη and μεταμελλοδύνη. At the end of the paper, final considerations on the rhetorical function of neologism in Cercidas’ text are offered.
Linguistic strategies prompting interactions in recipes from Mandarin Chinese food blogs
Authors: Hsiao Chi-hua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigates linguistic strategies used in recipes from Mandarin Chinese food blogs that prompt interactions between writers and readers. Using analytical concepts such as contextualization cues and frames to analyze 122 recipes collected from five popular food blogs in Taiwan, this study explicates two research questions. First, what linguistic strategies do writers frequently employ as contextualization cues to prompt interactions from readers? Second, how do these contextualization cues help readers choose frames when responding to writers? The findings show that writers of popular food blogs often adopt three linguistic strategies to engage readers’ discussions on recipes: narrative orientations, speech acts, and direct reported speech from family members. Three implications arise from interactions in the context of food blogs. First, writers usually adopt manifold contextualization cues to establish the frames of recipes intended by them. Second, the ways writers and readers use language to discuss food and create coherent discourses on food construct food blogs in Taiwan as an online community. Finally, recipes may reflect social phenomena, i.e. in Taiwan, more and more people, especially female caregivers in their families who are concerned about health, started to cook after serious breaches of food safety.
The Sculptor Qen (ii), His Two Wives, and the Men in his Family
Authors: Sweeney Deborah 
Published: June 2019

Summary
A detailed examination of the individuals mentioned in TT 4, the family tomb of the sculptor Qen (ii) and his two wives, Nefertari (vi) and Henutmehyt (iii), and on other family monuments, demonstrates that Nefertari (vi) was the senior of the two ladies of the house. The male relatives included in the representation of the funerary procession, and the ritual roles allotted to the children of each wife, are also key pieces of evidence leading to this conclusion.
Verbal Grammaticalisation Clines in Coptic
Authors: Uljas Sami 
Published: June 2019

Summary
The present paper studies grammaticalisation of verbs in Coptic. Various (classes of) expressions found in this language can be shown to occupy different sections or ‘points’ on the continuum/cline of evolution of verbs posited in linguistics that extends from lexical items to auxiliaries, affixes, parts of other lexemes, and finally zero (nothing). The mechanisms that ‘push’ verbs along this continuum turn out to be those seen also in other languages, and the same holds for the semantic and morpho-syntactic signals thereof. Besides being of typological interest, this again emphasises the importance and necessity of studying Coptic from a more diachronic perspective.
O,O-diethyl O-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate: structural evidence of the decomposition product and its oxalate salt
Authors: Althoff Marc André , Martens Jörn Frederik , Reichel Marco , Metzulat Manfred , Klapötke Thomas Matthias , Karaghiosoff Konstantin Ludmilov 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The molecular and single crystal structure of O,O-diethyl O-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate oxalate, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, is described for the first time; although this compound is well-known by industry and research from the mid-20th century. The known decomposition product of pure O,O-diethyl O-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate could also be structurally characterized. Additionally, the compounds are characterized by recent analytical methods e.g. NMR. The findings of our study support the thesis that the isolated decomposition product must be a by-product of the thiono-thiolo rearrangement process of the title compound.
Characterization of Cold In-Place Recycled Materials at Young Age Using Shear Wave Velocity
Authors: Lecuru Quentin , Ethier Yannic , Carter Alan , Karray Mourad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The characterization of cold recycled pavement materials at an early stage of their life, right after compaction, is difficult, especially if classical tests are used. Indeed, these materials at a very young age behave like granular materials, which affect the feasibility of the usual tests done on bituminous materials. Nondestructive techniques using wave propagation can be used to overcome this difficulty. The aim of this study is to evaluate if a method based on the spectral analysis of mechanical shear wave generated by piezoelectric rings (P-RAT method) can be used to characterize a cold in-place recycled material treated with an asphalt emulsion at a young age. Shear waves are used here because of the water content of such materials at early age. Such material can contain 10 % of water by volume before compaction. Shear wave allows the characterization of the skeleton of aggregates and bituminous binder (i.e., the asphalt concrete) with no interference from the pore water, thanks to the zero shearing resistance of the water. The tests show a strong link between water disappearance inside the specimen during the cure and the evolution of shear wave propagation velocity in the specimen. Moreover, water disappearance can be easily related to the evolution of |E*| in the specimen, allowing the characterization of this material using the evolution of the shear wave propagation velocity.
Examining the Influence of the Degree of Saturation on Length Change and Freeze-Thaw Damage
Authors: Ghantous Rita Maria , Madland Haley , Kwong Justin , Weiss W. Jason 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Concrete can be susceptible to damage when it is exposed to freezing and thawing (FT). It has been shown that the potential for damage depends on the degree of saturation (DOS). When concrete has a low DOS, it does not show damage during an FT cycle. However, when the DOS exceeds a specific value (critical DOS), the concrete shows damage resulting from the FT cycle. The objective of this article is to measure the length change for cementitious specimens with varying DOS. It is hypothesized that these length change measurements can be used to quantify the critical DOS (DOSCR) for cementitious paste specimens exposed to FT. Specimens with a low DOS show a nearly linear length change response throughout the entire range of temperatures tested. Specimens with a high DOS (i.e., DOS &gt; DOSCR) show a notable change in length at temperatures associated with the freezing and thawing points of water. The strain reduction associated with the melting of ice is calculated by normalizing the length reduction during the melting of ice with the initial length of the specimen. A DOSCR can be obtained by fitting a line between the strain reduction and the DOS. Another parameter known as residual strain can be used to quantify damage. Residual strain is defined as strain that exists in the specimen after an FT cycle. Only specimens with a high DOS (DOS &gt; DOSCR) show residual strain. The approach presented in this paper provides an alternative method that can complement other existing tests to determine the DOSCR for use in the sorption-based model.
A New Binder-Fast-Characterization-Test Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer and Its Application for Rejuvenating Reclaimed Asphalt Binder
Authors: Schrader Johannes , Wistuba Michael P. , Cannone Falchetto Augusto , Riccardi Chiara , Alisov Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A simple method using a dynamic shear rheometer is proposed for determining high-temperature key parameters of asphalt binders in place of the ring-and-ball softening point, currently used in Germany. The test was recently introduced in the German standards under the name Bitumen-Typisierungs-Schnell Verfahren (BTSV), which translates to Binder-Fast-Characterization-Test. Two key parameters are obtained as the result of the test: the temperature TBTSV, at which the shear modulus is equal to 15.0 kPa, and the corresponding phase angle δBTSV. While TBTSV provides information on material hardness, δBTSV indicates the degree of modification. Based on these two parameters, a classification system is proposed for different asphalt binder grades commonly used in Europe. Additionally, the procedure was applied for rejuvenating aged asphalt binder extracted from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). A linear relation is observed for the two key parameters when blending RAP binder with different proportions of rejuvenator. These findings were used to evaluate the effectiveness of different rejuvenating additives.
Fracture Resistance of HMA Mixtures Modified with Nanoclay and Nano-Al2O3
Authors: Pirmohammad Sadjad , Majd Shokorlou Y. , Amani B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the use of nanoparticles as a binder modifier has increased because of their unique properties. This article investigates the effect of nanoclay and nano–aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles on mixed mode I/II fracture behavior of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. In this study, two types of modified HMA mixtures were prepared for conducting the fracture experiments using cracked semicircular bend specimens. These modified HMA mixtures contained five different percentages (i.e., 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 %) of nanoclay and four different percentages (i.e., 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 %) of nano-Al2O3. The fracture experiments demonstrated that both the nanoclay and nano-Al2O3 particles improve the fracture resistance of HMA mixtures significantly, such that nanoclay particles with percentages of 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 % increase the fracture resistance by 2, 8, 14, 19, and 31 %, respectively. As such, improvement in the fracture resistance that was achieved by the use of 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 % nano-Al2O3 was on average 6, 15, 21, and 27 %, respectively. Furthermore, the improvement effect of nanoclay and nano-Al2O3 was more pronounced when the HMA mixtures were loaded under high shear deformation modes.
New Phenomenological Model to Predict High-Temperature Flow Stress Curves at High Strain Rates
Authors: Shafiei E. , Ostovan F. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, a new phenomenological equation has been presented to predict high-temperature flow stress curves of metallic materials at industrially relevant deformation conditions with negligible flow softening. To this end, a nonlinear estimation of strain-hardening rate versus strain curves was employed to obtain flow stress as a function of strain. To prove the validity and competency of the presented model, flow stress curves of Alloy 800 H obtained at temperatures from 850°C to 1,050°C and at strain rates of 5 s−1 and 10 s−1 were used. The evaluation of the mean error of flow stress revealed that the presented model can give a precise estimation of stress-strain curves of Alloy 800 H at high strain rates. The Johnson-Cook and logarithmic power models were also used to show the accuracy of the presented model at different deformation conditions. It was discovered that the presented model can provide a more accurate estimation of flow stress curves for the alloy of this study.
Systematic Analysis of Metabolic Pathway Distributions of Bacterial Energy Reserves
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Jianye , Huang Yue , Liu Qinghua , Xu Yaping , Piao Xue , Wise Michael J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Previous bioinformatics studies have linked gain or loss of energy reserves with host-pathogen interactions and bacterial virulence based on a comparatively small number of bacterial genomes or proteomes. Thus, understanding the theoretical distribution patterns of energy reserves across bacterial species could provide a shortcut route to look into bacterial lifestyle and physiology. So far, five major energy reserves have been identified in bacteria due to their capacity to support bacterial persistence under nutrient deprivation conditions. These include polyphosphate (polyP), glycogen, wax ester (WE), triacylglycerol (TAG), and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Although the enzymes related with metabolism of energy reserves are well understood, there is a lack of systematic investigations into the distribution of bacterial energy reserves from an evolutionary point of view. In this study, we sourced 8282 manually reviewed bacterial reference proteomes and combined a set of hidden Markov sequence models (HMMs) to search homologs of key enzymes related with the metabolism of energy reserves. Our results revealed that specific pathways like trehalose-related glycogen metabolism and enzymes such as wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT) are mainly restricted within specific types of bacterial groups, which provides evolutionary insights into the understanding of their origins and functions. In addition, the study also confirms that loss of energy reserves like polyP metabolism absence in Mollicutes is correlated with bacterial genome reduction. Through this analysis, a clearer picture about the metabolism of energy reserves in bacteria is presented, which could serve as a guide for further theoretical and experimental analyses of bacterial energy metabolism.
The subpopulation of CD105 negative mesenchymal stem cells show strong immunomodulation capacity compared to CD105 positive mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Pham Liem Hieu , Vu Ngoc Bich , Van Pham Phuc 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most popular stem cells applied in disease treatment. MSCs can be isolated and in vitro expanded from various sources such as bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, and adipose tissue. According to Dominici et al. (2006), MSCs should express CD105, an essential marker used to confirm MSCs. However, some recent studies have show that MSCs contained a subpopulation that is negative for CD105. This study aimed to compare the immune modulation capacity of 2 populations of CD105 positive (CD105+) and negative (CD105-) MSCs derived from 2 sources: human adipose tissue (AT) and human umbilical cord (UC).
Methods: MSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues (adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells – AT-MSCs) and human umbilical cord (umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells – UC-MSCs) according to previously published protocols. The two populations of CD105- and CD105+ MSCs were sorted based on the expression of CD105 from AT-MSCs and UC-MSCs. Four populations of CD105 (AT-MSCs, CD105+ AT-MSCs, CD105- UC-MSCs, and CD105+ UC-MSCs) were used to compare the phenotype as well as in vitro differentiation potential; then they were used to evaluate the immune modulation capacity by allogeneic T cell suppression and cytokine release.
Results: The results showed that CD105- MSCs from AT and UC exhibited an immune modulation capacity that was much stronger than CD105+ MSCs from the same source of AT and UC. The strong immunomodulation of CD105- MSCs may relate to autocrine production of TGF-beta 1 by MSCs.
Conclusion: The results suggested that CD105- MSCs are promising MSCs for application in regenerative medicine, especially for the treatment of diseases related to inflammation.