bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects and challenges of mini‐LED and micro‐LED displays
Authors: Huang Yuge , Tan Guanjun , Gou Fangwang , Li Ming‐Chun , Lee Seok‐Lyul , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe review the emerging mini/micro–light‐emitting diode (LED) displays featuring high dynamic range and good sunlight readability. For mini‐LED backlit liquid crystal displays (LCDs), we quantitatively evaluate how the device contrast ratio, local dimming zone number, and local light profile affect the image quality. For the emissive mini/micro‐LED displays, the challenges of ambient contrast ratio and size‐dependent power efficiency are analyzed. Two figure‐of‐merits are proposed for optimizing the optical and electrical performances of mini/micro‐LED displays.
Paroxysmal Asymmetric Dystonic Arm Posturing—A Less Recognized but Characteristic Manifestation of ATP1A3‐related disease
Authors: Balint Bettina , Stephen Christopher D. , Udani Vrajesh , Sankhla Charulata Savant , Barad Narendrakumar H. , Lang Anthony E. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground
ATP1A3 mutations cause a wide clinical spectrum, and are one of the “commoner rare diseases”.MethodsCase series of four patients with ATP1A3 mutations.ResultsThe patients displayed characteristic episodes of dystonic arm posturing, involving a dystonic, flexed arm held in front of the body or close to the body, but with the hand raised upwards. Other attacks manifested with arm extension, either beside the body or reaching upwards. Dystonic posturing occurred paroxysmally, with no neurological signs between attacks, or combined with other signs like chorea, ataxia, and hypotonia.ConclusionsWhile previous diagnostic criteria have not included paroxysmal or episodic dystonia, recent expert consensus has proposed to include alternating or paroxysmal dystonia as major feature calling for ATP1A3 genetic testing. Attacks of marked arm flexion posturing, either paroxysmal or as episodic exacerbation of mild pre‐existent dystonia, are a characteristic clue to ATP1A3‐related disease.
Association of NKX2‐5, GATA4, and TBX5 polymorphisms with congenital heart disease in Egyptian children
Authors: Behiry Eman G. , Al‐Azzouny Mahmoud A. , Sabry Dina , Behairy Ola G. , Salem Nessrine E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral genes encoding transcription factors are known to be the primary cause of congenital heart disease. NKX2‐5 and GATA4 were the first congenital heart disease–causing genes identified by linkage analysis. This study designed to study the association of five single–nucleotide variants of NKX2‐5, GATA4, and TBX5 genes with sporadic nonsyndromic cases of a congenital cardiac septal defect in Egyptian children.MethodsVenous blood samples from 150 congenital heart disease children (including a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and patent ductus arteriosus) and 90 apparently healthy of matched age and sex were studied by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing in order to study two single–nucleotide variants of NKX2‐5 (rs2277923, rs28936670), two single–nucleotide variants of GATA4 (rs368418329, rs56166237) and one single–nucleotide variant TBX5 (rs6489957). The distribution of genotype and allele frequency in the congenital heart diseases (CHD) group and control group were analyzed.ResultsWe found different genotype frequencies of the two variants of NKX2‐5, as CT genotype of rs2277923 was present in 58% and 36% in cases and control respectively, and TT genotype present in 6% of the cases. Also regarding missense variant rs28936670, heterozygous AG presented in 82% of the cases. Also, we observed a five prime UTR variant rs368418329, GT (42% of the cases) and GG (46% of the cases) genotypes showed the most frequent presentation in cases. While regarding a synonymous variant rs56166237, GT and GG were the most presented in cases (41.4%, 56% respectively) in contrast to control group (20%, 1.7% respectively). Also, a synonymous variant in TBX5, the distribution of genotype frequency was significantly different between the CHD group and control group. CT genotype of TBX5 ‐rs6489957 was found in 12 ASD, 24 VSD, six PDA, three aortic coarctation and nine fallot that represent 42% of the cases.ConclusionsSignificantly higher frequency of different allelle of five variants was observed in cases when compared to the control group, with significant risky effect for the development of septal defect. In addition to two polymorphisms of NKX2‐5 (rs2277923, rs28936670) variant in the cardiac septal defect, two variants in GATA4 (rs368418329, rs56166237) and one variant in TBX5 (rs6489957) seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease.
Split‐step time‐domain modeling of dual‐mode DFB laser diode for terahertz wave generation
Authors: Chung Youngchul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA split‐step time‐domain modeling is applied to investigate the characteristics of dual‐mode distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD) for terahertz (THz) wave generation. The THz wave generation from 163 to 1,378 GHz by proper thermo‐optic tuning and initial detuning combination is effectively simulated, which is qualitatively analogous to the experimental results. It is shown that the residual facet reflectivity should be below 0.003 to suppress the facet‐to‐facet cavity modes and provide good spectral quality. The time‐domain simulation tool could be incorporated into future THz fiber‐optic communication systems.
High efficient multi‐bands circular polarization convertor based on spoof surface plasmon polariton
Authors: Karamirad Mohsen , Ghobadi Changiz , Nourinia Javad , Mohammadi Bahman 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose to achieve a high efficient polarization convertor based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP). The proposed polarization convertor is realized by a dielectric blade with a metallic pattern on one side. Spatial dispersion modulation is considered by designing the pattern in y‐direction while keeping free space in x‐direction. Meanwhile, the y‐polarized incident wave is well coupled as SSPP mode. Therefore, the circular polarization (CP) conversion is provided regarding to the direction of the incident waves. A frequency bandwidth of 52.7% is obtained for right to left CP while left to right polarization conversion is adopted in a 23% bandwidth. The fabricated prototype of the proposed structure is provided to verify the simulated results.
Plasma creatinine as predictor of delayed elimination of high‐dose methotrexate in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Danish population‐based study
Authors: Schmidt Diana , Kristensen Kim , Schroeder Henrik , Wehner Peder Skov , Rosthøj Steen , Heldrup Jesper , Damsgaard Linn , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Mikkelsen Torben Stamm 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeverely delayed elimination of methotrexate (MTX) is difficult to predict in patients treated with high‐dose MTX (HD‐MTX), but it may cause life‐threatening toxicity. It has not been defined how an increase in plasma creatinine can be best used as a predictor for severely delayed MTX elimination, thus providing a guide for therapeutic interventions to minimize renal toxicity.MethodsPharmacokinetic data were retrospectively collected on 218 Danish children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with HD‐MTX 5 or 8 g/m2 on the NOPHO2000 protocol. Moderately delayed MTX elimination was defined as 42‐hour plasma MTX ≥ 4.0–9.9 μM, and severely delayed elimination was defined as 42‐hour plasma MTX ≥ 10 μM.ResultsMedian 42‐hour plasma MTX was 0.61 μM (interquartile range, 0.4–1.06 μM). Of 1295 MTX infusions with 5 g/m2 (n = 140 patients) or 8 g/m2 (n = 78 patients), 5.1% were severely (1.5%) or moderately (3.6%) delayed. The risk of having delayed elimination was highest in the first of eight infusions with MTX 5 g/m² (7.4% vs 0.0 to 4.1% for subsequent MTX infusions) (P < 0.02). A 25 μM increase or a 1.5‐fold increase in plasma creatinine within 36 hours from start of the MTX infusion had a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI, 82%–97%) and a specificity of 85% (95% CI, 83%–87%) for predicting 42‐hour MTX ≥4.0 μM.ConclusionsA 25 μM increase or a 1.5‐fold in plasma creatinine within 36 hours after start of an HD‐MTX infusion can predict delayed MTX elimination, thus allowing intensification of hydration and alkalization to avoid further renal toxicity and promote the elimination of MTX.
Use and safety of disease‐modifying therapy in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: MacDonald Sarah C. , McElrath Thomas F. , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe dispensing patterns and comparative safety of disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) during pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsWe identified pregnancies from the Truven Health Marketscan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database (2011‐2015) and ascertained MS before delivery from inpatient and outpatient claims. We computed the proportion of women with DMT dispensing claims around pregnancy and estimated risk ratios of spontaneous abortion, infections, cesarean section, preterm delivery, poor fetal growth, preeclampsia, and major structural malformations by DMT exposure.ResultsOf 984 058 pregnancies, 1649 were to women with MS. Thirty‐five percent of women with MS filled a prescription for a DMT in the 90 days before pregnancy. DMT use declined during pregnancy but increased again after delivery. Glatiramer acetate and interferon beta were most commonly dispensed. Pregnancies with and without early DMT exposure had similar risks of outcomes to one another and to pregnancies in women without MS. Small numbers did not allow evaluation of specific DMTs.ConclusionsApproximately one third of commercially insured women with MS in the United States uses DMTs before conception. Neither MS itself nor early pregnancy use of DMTs overall seems to be associated with a substantial risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
A stable engineered human IgG3 antibody with decreased aggregation during antibody expression and low pH stress
Authors: Saito Seiji , Namisaki Hiroshi , Hiraishi Keiko , Takahashi Nobuaki , Iida Shigeru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHuman IgG comprises four subclasses with different biological functions. The IgG3 subclass has a unique character, exhibiting high effector function and Fab arm flexibility. However, it is not used as a therapeutic drug owing to an enhanced susceptibility to proteolysis. Antibody aggregation control is also important for therapeutic antibody development. To date, there have been few reports of IgG3 aggregation during protein expression and the low pH conditions needed for purification and virus inactivation. This study explored the potential of IgG3 antibody for therapeutics using anti‐CD20 IgG3 as a model to investigate aggregate formation. Initially, anti‐CD20 IgG3 antibody showed substantial aggregate formation during expression and low pH treatment. To circumvent this phenomenon, we systematically exchanged IgG3 constant domains with those of IgG1, a stable IgG. IgG3 antibody with the IgG1 CH3 domain exhibited reduced aggregate formation during expression. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis of individual amino acid substitutions revealed that two amino acid mutations in the CH3 domain, N392K and M397V, reduced aggregation and increased CH3 transition temperature. The engineered human IgG3 antibody was further improved by additional mutations of R435H to obtain IgG3KVH to achieve protein A binding and showed similar antigen binding as wild‐type IgG3. IgG3KVH also exhibited high binding activity for FcγRIIIa and C1q. In summary, we have successfully established an engineered human IgG3 antibody with reduced aggregation during bioprocessing, which will contribute to the better design of therapeutic antibodies with high effector function and Fab arm flexibility.
Delay range‐and‐rate dependent stability criteria for systems with interval time‐varying delay via a quasi‐quadratic convex framework
Authors: Yang Feisheng , He Jing , Kang Peipei , Pan Quan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper concerns the stability analysis of systems with interval time‐varying delay. A Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional containing an augmented quadratic term and certain triple integral terms is constructed to integrate features of the truncated Bessel‐Legendre inequality less conservative than Wirtinger inequality that encompasses Jensen inequality, respectively, and to exploit merits of the newly developed double integral inequalities tighter than auxiliary function‐based, Wirtinger, and Jensen double integral inequalities. A new quadratic convex lemma is proposed to derive delay and its derivative dependent sufficient stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities synthetically with reciprocal convex approach and affine convex combination. The efficiency of the presented method is illustrated on some classical numerical examples.
Finite‐time output‐feedback stabilization of high‐order nonholonomic systems
Authors: Xie Xue‐Jun , Li Guang‐Ju 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of finite‐time output‐feedback stabilization of a class of high‐order nonholonomic systems under weaker conditions on system powers and nonlinearities. By constructing the appropriate Lyapunov function and observer, skillfully combining generalized adding a power integrator technique, sign function, and homogeneous domination method, and successfully introducing a new mathematical method, an output‐feedback controller is constructed to guarantee that all the states of the closed‐loop system converge to origin in a finite time.
Sweet‐Lime‐Peels‐Derived Activated‐Carbon‐Based Electrode for Highly Efficient Supercapacitor and Flow‐Through Water Desalination
Authors: Ahirrao Dinesh J. , Tambat Sneha , Pandit A. B. , Jha Neetu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present work, highly porous activated carbon with an excellent surface area has been successfully synthesized from the agricultural waste product; sweet lime peels (Citrus limetta) using a facile chemical approach. The structural and morphological properties of sweet lime peels derived activated carbon (SLP‐AC) were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area and pore structure were studied using nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms. Electrochemical characterizations were performed in two and three electrode cell configurations using techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in aqueous (1 M H2SO4 and 1 M NaCl) and ionic liquid electrolytes (EMIMBF4). SLP‐AC based electrodes showed high electrochemical charge storage capacity of 421.67 F/g (at 1 A/g) along with outstanding cyclic stability up to 10000 GCD cycles. Fabricated supercapacitor device demonstrated high energy density of 45.53 Wh/kg in the ionic liquid electrolyte. SLP‐AC was also used to prepare the porous sponge electrodes to study their applicability in flow‐through electrode capacitive deionization (CDI), where it achieved the maximum electrosorption capacity of 22.8 mg/g. The electrosorption results fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and the kinetics study indicates a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model for the electrosorption of salt ions onto the electrodes surface. This confirms the outstanding performance of SLP‐AC as a highly stable and low‐cost electrode material for supercapacitors and water desalination applications.
Role of Coherence in Excitation Transfer Efficiency to the Reaction Center in Photosynthetic Bacteria Chlorobium tepidum
Authors: Singh Davinder , Dasgupta Shubhrangshu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effect of coherence to the excitation transfer efficiency (ETE) in photosynthetic bacteria Chlorobium tepidum. We have modelled the monomer of Fenna‐Matthews‐Olson (FMO) complex as consisting of eight bacteriochlorophyll‐a sites, while explicitly consider reaction center core complex (RCC) as an additional site. With the use of realistic bath spectrum and several dominant vibronic modes in the non‐Markovian master equation, in an effective 9‐site model, we have compared the ETE for an initial pure state and an initial mixed state. We observe that the initial pure state relaxes efficiently to increase the trapping at the RCC. We further illustrate that the coherence play a competitive role to block the back transfer of excitation from RCC pigment to FMO complex and hence to maximize the ETE.
First Principles Study of Dendritic Carbazole Photosensitizer Dyes Modified with Different Conjugation Structures
Authors: Majid Abdul , Bibi Maryam , Khan Salah Ud‐Din , Haider Sajjad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the pursuit of efficient organic dyes first principles calculations were carried out by using density functional theory (DFT). The electronic and optical properties of D−D‐π‐A carbazole dendritic donor and cyanoacrylic acid acceptor conjugated through thiophene and oxadiazole structures are being reported. The findings of this work point to the dependence of the structural modifications especially changes in length of conjugation molecule appeared to notably affect the properties of the dyes. The positions of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest molecular orbitals (LUMO) energy levels are found suitable for electron reduction and electron injection processes respectively. The addition of another oxadiazole ring as well as replacement of a thiophene ring with existing oxadiazole in the conjugating bridge appeared to reduce the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap. TD‐DFT excitation spectra calculated at PBE, B3LYP and CAM−B3LYP levels of theory are discussed in detail to shed light on charge transfer process in the dye molecules and the calculated results are found consistent with reported experimental work. The changes in length and structure of π‐spacer chain are discussed to analyze the photon to current conversion efficiency.
Investigating Cationic Distribution, Defect Structure and Phosphor Characteristics of Na2Sm2Ca6(PO4)6F2
Authors: Das Pratik , Pathak Nimai , Mukherjee Sumanta , Shafeeq Muhammed , Dash Smruti , Kadam Ramakant M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSm3+ based fluorapatite matrix viz. Na2Sm2Ca6(PO4)6F2 was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction technique, infrared spectroscopy, EDX elemental mapping. Thermal stability was checked by differential thermal analysis technique. Presence of oxygen vacancy related defect centers were confirmed by EPR study, which create several electronic states inside the band gap of the material and give rise to photoemission in the blue and green region in the PL spectra. From the characteristics emission of Sm3+ and its decay profile, it has been confirmed that Sm3+ ion prefers to occupy the less crowdedM2 A site where Ca2+ ion is having 7‐co‐ordination and a direct linking to F− atom.PL decay study also showed that there are two different kinds of oxygen vacancies namely F and F+ center. Finally, based on calculation of International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color coordinates, it has been observed that the compound is a white light emitting material, which has several advantages over the other white light emitting source being a single phase compound.
Design, Synthesis, DNA Binding, Cytotoxicity, and Molecular Docking Studies of Amonafide‐Linked β‐Lactam
Authors: Rad Javad Ameri , Jarrahpour Aliasghar , Aseman Marzieh Dadkhah , Nabavizadeh Masoud , Pournejati Roya , Karbalaei‐Heidari Hamid Reza , Turos Edward 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study describes our investigations on the synthesis, molecular modeling, and biological capabilities of a new β‐lactam containing the anticancer agent, amonafide. This is the first time that amonafide has been applied to a β‐lactam synthesis, which involved five steps from naphthalic anhydride. The β‐lactam was structurally characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy studies indicated that the β‐lactam is an effective DNA intercalating agent. Gel electrophoresis confirmed its intercalation into the pBluescript plasmid DNA, causing a considerable decrease in its electrophoretic mobility. The gel electrophoresis pattern in the presence of ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and methyl green also demonstrated that the β‐lactam was stacked tightly between DNA bases via the major groove. Moreover, the MTT assay of the β‐lactam against the HepG2 cancerous cell line showed potential cytotoxic behavior with an IC50 of 65.5 μM and 34.2 μM after 48 and 72 h incubation, respectively. Molecular docking experiments were also in agreement with the experimental data and showed the major groove binding behavior of the β‐lactam.
A Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Materials for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yao Lu , Chen Da‐Ming , Yan Song , Lin Jing‐Jing , Liu Ye‐Ping , Lian Jun , Liu Yue‐Ran , Lin Hua‐Lin , Han Sheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA simple way for N‐doped porous carbon materials (ANCs) was prepared in N2 atmosphere through the KOH‐assisted carbonization of commercial melamine foam (MF) attached glucose. Adding glucose and KOH activation process have great effects on improving the electrochemical properties of ANCs materials. Compared with other materials, the optimal ANCs‐800, which is obtained with a KOH/glucose/MF weight ratio of 5:20:1 at 800 °C, exhibits the best capacitance performance with the specific surface area (SSA) of 1481 m2 g−1 and high nitrogen content of 3.7 at. %. It possesses prominent specific capacitance (387 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (98.6% retention after 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, in the symmetric supercapacitor, the ANCs‐800 electrode material maintains high energy density (24.2 W h kg−1 at 701.07 W kg−1) and great cycling performance (96.3% after 10,000 cycles). Accordingly, the facile synthetic approach and attractive electrochemical properties make ANCs‐800 a popular capacitor material.
Base Promoted Tandem Cyclization ofo‐Phenylenediamine with Ninhydrin‐phenol Adducts: An Unprecedented Route to Phenol Appended Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxaline Fluorophore
Authors: Das Suven , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Paul Bijan K. , Dutta Arpita 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSynthesis of fluorescent molecules has drawn considerable attention due to their potential applications in life and material sciences. Here we report a metal‐free approach to a new class of fluorophore, namely, 6‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalin‐11(5H)‐ones exploiting ninhydrin ring system via base promoted tandem cyclization. The readily obtainable phenolic adducts of ninhydrin undergoes smooth reaction witho‐phenylenediamine in refluxing ethylene glycol/Et3N via breaking of C−C bond, N‐insertion, followed by heterocyclization to furnish the fully unsaturated isoindoloquinoxaline framework. Structures of the products are in good agreement with their IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, and mass spectral data. The photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds were studied by UV‐vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques under ambient conditions, and the results reveal an interesting property of large Stokes shift.