bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Effectively Control Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Improve Crop Yields, Consider Exploring the Benefits of Intercropping Tomatoes with Garlic
Authors: Fathi Seyed Ali Asghar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Diversifying agroecosystems is crucial for maintaining ecosystem functions, including pest control, beneficial insect diversity, and soil fertility. In this study, the impact of intercropping tomato (T) (Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) and garlic (G) (Allium sativum L.) in three designs of 4E:4G, 4E:8G, and 4E:12G (row ratios) were assessed on the density of the tomato leafminer (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), fruit infestations, diversity of tomato-dwelling predators, parasitism rate, and crop yields compared with the sole crops over two growing seasons of 2022 and 2023. Three intercrops caused a significant reduction in the number of TLM eggs, larvae, and galleries, as well as the percentage of infested fruits compared to the sole tomato plots. The abundance of primary predators, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Orius niger (Wolff), were higher in intercrops compared to sole tomato plots. Furthermore, the annual abundance of tomato-dwelling predators enhanced in the intercrops than in the sole tomato plots. Besides, there was a noticeable enhancement in the Shannon diversity index for tomato-dwelling predators (the values of 1.98 in 4T: 4G in 2022 to 2.31 in 4T: 12G in 2023) compared to the values of 1.68 in 2022 and 1.82 in 2023 for sole tomato plots. The land equivalent ratio (LER) showed a notable improvement, ranging from 1.19 in 2022 to 1.32 in 2023 in the 4T: 12G intercrop, in intercrops compared to sole crops. Therefore, farmers may consider the implementation of the aforementioned intercrops as a strategy for the integrated management of T. absoluta infestations in their tomato fields.
Concentration-response Curve for Acetylcholine (Ach) in the Absence and Presence of Atropine and Measurement of the Equilibrium Dissociation Constant (Kb) Using Schild Analysis
Authors: Wilfred Obaalologhi , Urangikor Igbanam Michael , Itiri Eugene , Samuel Victor , Wilfred Otuamiobhedio Messiah , Ogbonna Victor Nnaemeka , Ezealisiobi Emeka Emmanuel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Acetylcholine is a chemical mediator synthesized in the central nervous system (the parasympathetic pathway) and act primarily on the muscarinic receptors so as to meditate smooth muscle cunctation. In this experiment, the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) and atropine (antagonist) were measured using an isolated guinea pig ileum which contain receptors that interact with these drugs. The relationship between the amount of drug and the biological response was plotted as a dose-response or concentration- response curve and the equilibrium dissociation constant (KB) for the antagonist and (KD) and for the agonist was obtained from the graph. Experiments were carried out using isolated pig ileum to characterize muscarinic receptor involved in the prejunctional regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic nerve terminals, and in the postjunctional smooth muscle contractile response. The effects of ACh and atropine were evaluated on muscarinic receptor to measure muscle contraction. This result showed that atropine is a competitive inhibitor of mAChR as it antagonized and prevented the binding of ACh on the muscarinic receptor, thereby preventing the mediation of muscle contraction of guinea pig ileum.
Individual building based net-zero emission transition pathways for global cities
Authors: Guan Dabo , Chen Yuxin , Wang Zhenyu , Meng Jing , Bi Jun , Huo Jingwen , Li Shuping , Zhou Li , Chen Peipei , Liang Diling 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Carbon reduction during the operational phase of buildings is a critical component in achieving global carbon neutrality objectives. Current methods for estimating carbon dioxide emissions in this phase predominantly focus on national or city-level scales, often ignoring the heterogeneity in building types and functions. This oversight limits the precision with which low-carbon management technologies can be applied to retrofit existing buildings effectively. To address this gap, we develop a building-based emissions accounting approach at city-scale that considers building type, function, floor area, and floor height of individual building. Additionally, we integrate point source data from facility-level power plants to characterize the structure of the energy supply sector. We then propose a suite of emission reduction technologies tailored for the operational phase of buildings, constructing baseline, regulatory, and blueprint scenarios to analyze the emission reduction pathways from 2020 to 2050. The demand-side pathways primarily target two key areas of emission reduction, such as modifying energy consumption behaviors by replacing conventional lighting with energy-efficient alternatives. On the supply-side, three major technological categories are addressed, including the conversion of coal-fired power plants to coal-biomass co-firing systems to enhance power generation efficiency. We applied the methodology to a global city of Nanjing, encompassing 534,000 individual buildings across 101 streets. Our analysis reveals that the carbon intensity of terminal energy use in commercial buildings in Nanjing is approximately 3.9 times higher than that in residential buildings. Enhancing energy efficiency in end-use sectors such as HVAC systems, commercial lighting, and electrical equipment emerges as the most effective strategy for reducing carbon emissions during the operational phase of commercial buildings. From a supply-side perspective, the early retirement of coal-fired power plants offers the most significant contribution to emission reductions. This approach accelerates the transition to a more efficient energy structure by phasing out outdated capacities before 2045 and optimizing the deployment of advanced power generation technologies, such as solar, wind, nuclear. Our findings offer targeted pathways for emission reduction during the operational phase of buildings and provide valuable scientific insights for policymakers.
Ranking of Treatments in Network Meta-Analysis: Incorporating Minimally Important Differences
Authors: Curteis Tristan , Wigle Augustine , Michaels Christopher J. , Nikolakopoulou Adriani 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In network meta-analysis (NMA), the magnitude of difference between treatment effects is typically ignored in the calculation of ranking metrics, such as probability best and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRAs).
Methods
Analogues to commonly available NMA ranking metrics that account for minimally important differences (MIDs) are provided. In particular, definitions are provided for MID-adjusted median ranks, MID-adjusted probability jth, MID-adjusted cumulative probability jth, and MID-adjusted SUCRA values. Since adjustment for MIDs allows for ties between treatments in a network, methods for handling ties in ranking are discussed, with it shown that the midpoint method for handling ties retains the property that the average value of all SUCRA values in a network is one half. Comparability of MID-adjusted P-scores and MID-adjusted SUCRA values is discussed, and a Bayesian software implementation of the MID-adjusted ranking metrics is provided.
Results
Two real-world applications of MID-adjusted ranking metrics are presented to illustrate their use. Specifically, NMAs are conducted based on published networks on treatments for diabetes and Parkinson’s disease. To present the results, MIDs are selected from relevant literature to interpret MID-adjusted ranking metrics for these networks.
Conclusions
Although dependent on the magnitude of the MID and the magnitude of difference between treatments, failure to consider MIDs in ranking treatments can lead to erroneous conclusions of differences when ranking treatments where none of clinical relevance exists.
Urbanization results in highly dynamic, degraded benthic macroinvertebrate communities in North Carolina streams
Authors: Westman Riley , Martin Katherine L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Benthic macroinvertebrates are frequently used as bioindicators of stream health. We compared macroinvertebrate communities from 22 urban stream sites with a range of development and impervious surface cover to those from 24 highly forested stream sites to determine how urban land cover impacts in-stream communities. We also assessed the temporal change in species compositions in the urban streams from 2001–2021 to test whether increasing development in watersheds that are already highly urbanized leads to further community degradation. Urban streams and forested streams represented alternate community states, with dispersed, non-overlapping clustering in a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. Urban streams were degraded by all community-level metrics examined (richness, diversity, pollution tolerance) relative to the forested streams. In the urban streams, species compositions differed significantly over 20 years, with pollution tolerant species continually replacing other tolerant species. However, these changes were not related to land cover, and most community-level metrics remained stable. A decline in gamma diversity suggests urban macroinvertebrate communities may gradually become more homogenized. Overall, we found that landcover changes associated with urbanization, particularly increases in impervious surface cover, result in persistently degraded, dynamic macroinvertebrate communities containing a few highly tolerant species.
Analyzing the impact of climatic conditions on rainfed wheat yield in northwest Iran: a parametric and nonparametric approach
Authors: Khaledi-Alamdari Mohammad , Fakheri-Fard Ahmad , Majnooni-Heris Abolfazl , Eini Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

It is essential to comprehend the relationship between agricultural yields and climatic conditions, especially concerning food security and the possible threats to crop output. Wheat is a crucial agricultural crop that covers a significant amount of rainfed production regions in Iran. This study utilized parametric and nonparametric approaches to assess rainfed wheat yield. The study centered on the Tabriz area in northwest Iran, examining precipitation patterns concerning rainfed wheat cultivation. The study focused on analyzing seasonal and distinct rainfall patterns during the cultivation period, utilizing widely recognized drought metrics such as the standardized precipitation index and the standardized precipitation–evaporation index. The study findings indicate a notable upward trend in rainfed wheat output over the analyzed period. The Mann–Kendall test resulted in a p-value of 0.031, indicating statistical significance for the observed rising trend. We conducted trend removal and normalized rainfed wheat yield figures based on seasonal precipitation to study the data more thoroughly. The second phase of the growing season was particularly notable, spanning from the completion of germination to the beginning of blooming. Instead of analyzing precipitation for the full growing season, concentrating on fall precipitation or the time from germination to blooming might improve yield forecasts and determinations.
PANORAMA DA INDENIZABILIDADE DO TEMPO DESPERDIÇADO PELO CONSUMIDOR NO ÂMBITO DAS RELAÇÕES JURÍDICAS DE CONSUMO
Authors: Carneiro Filho Humberto João , Da Silva Guimarães Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

O presente trabalho possui como objetivo geral analisar o atual cenário no Brasil da reparabilidade do dano sofrido pelo consumidor em razão de seu infrutífero dispêndio de tempo por conduta imputável ao fornecedor, mormente a aplicação da denominada “teoria do desvio produtivo”. Para tanto, foi utilizada a análise bibliográfica exploratória e descritiva centrada na obra de Marcos Dessaune e, ainda, análise documental, com especial atenção para acórdãos proferidos pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça relativos ao tema. A ressarcibilidade do dano gerado pela conduta daquele que acarretou a outrem desnecessária perda do tempo útil, com especial atenção às relações de consumo, tem tido aceitação no direito nacional, com aprofundamento e mesmo crítica da temática pela doutrina especializada construída e desenvolvida nos últimos anos, bem como a contínua e recente aplicação da referida construção teórica no âmbito da jurisprudência pátria como dano moral. Reconhecidas as peculiaridades das relações de consumo, especialmente voltadas à tutela de um sujeito de direito débil e vulnerável, foram identificadas resistências à qualificação da teoria às relações de direito privado não consumeristas.
Pengaruh Environmental Concern terhadap Purchase Intention pada Produk Skincare Organik
Authors: Cahyaningrum Avisa Regina , Tresnawaty Yulistin 
Published: November 2024

Makin naiknya perhatian terhadap masalah lingkungan mendorong konsumen untuk lebih selektif dalam memilih produk yang berkelanjutan seperti produk skincare organik berbahan alami dalam rutinitas sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kepedulian lingkungan individu terhadap niat membeli produk skincare organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pendekatan kuantitatif yang melibatkan 275 responden pengguna produk skincare ramah lingkungan/organik berbahan alami berusia 17-40 tahun. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik incidental sampling. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi linear dengan bantuan IBM SPSS versi 25. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel environmental concern adalah environmental concern scale memiliki nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,793. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel purchase intention adalah purchase intention for green products scale memiliki nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,893. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa environmental concern berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap purchase intention sebesar 26,6% dengan nilai koefisien yang diperoleh adalah F= 98,515 p= 0,000 dan B= 0,508. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi environmental concern pada individu maka semakin tinggi purchase intention individu terhadap pengguna skincare organik.

The increasing attention to environmental issues encourages consumers to be more selective in choosing sustainable products such as organic skincare products made from natural ingredients in their daily routine. This study aims to determine how much influence individual environmental concerns have on the intention to buy organic skincare products. This study uses a quantitative approach research involving 275 respondents who are users of environmentally friendly/organic skincare products made from natural ingredients aged 17-40 years. Sampling using incidental sampling technique. In this study using the linear regression method with the help of IBM SPSS version 25. Data collection used to measure environmental concern variables is the environmental concern scale which has a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.793. Data collection used to measure purchase intention variables is purchase intention for green products scale has a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.893. The results of the analysis show that environmental concern has a significant positive effect on purchase intention by 26.6% with the coefficient value obtained is F= 98.515 p= 0.000 and B= 0.508. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the higher the environmental concern of individuals, the higher the individual purchase intention of organic skincare users.
Marhata sebagai Rekonsiliasi Konflik Tanah Warisan Antar Marga di Desa Hatinggian Kabupaten Toba
Authors: Sinaga Winda Safrina , Tampake Tony , Supratikno Agus 
Published: November 2024

Sistem pembagian tanah warisan bagi Masyarakat Batak Toba sering sekali menjadi konflik, seperti konflik antar marga Sirait dan Sinaga yang ada di Desa Hatinggian. Konflik muncul karena para pemilik tanah telah meninggal, anak cucu pergi merantau, dan tanah tidak memiliki sertifikat karena diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tradisi marhata sebagai rekonsiliasi konflik dalam penyelesaian konflik tanah warisan antar marga di Desa Hatinggian Kabupaten Toba. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori konflik oleh Lewis A. Coser, teori tindakan sosial oleh Max Weber yang berfokus pada teori tindakan rasionalitas instrumental dan teori tindakan tradisional untuk melihat langkah-langkah penyelesaian konflik tanah warisan antar marga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi dan studi dokumen. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah marga yang berkonflik dan para tokoh adat. Analisis data dengan melakukan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa tradisi marhata menjadi dialog terbuka dan partisipatif dengan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kejujuran, keterbukaan, dan rasa hormat. Setiap pihak menyampaikan pandangan dan keluhannya, sehingga solusi yang adil dan diterima oleh semua pihak tercapai dan tercipta perdamaian sehingga tradisi ini perlu dipertahankan.

The inheritance land distribution system for the Toba Batak community often becomes a conflict, such as the conflict between the Sirait and Sinaga clans in Hatinggian Village. The conflict arises because the landowners have died, their children and grandchildren have gone abroad, and the land does not have a certificate because it is inherited from generation to generation. This study aims to describe the marhata tradition as a conflict reconciliation in resolving inheritance land conflicts between clans in Hatinggian Village, Toba Regency. This study uses conflict theory by Lewis A. Coser, social action theory by Max Weber which focuses on the theory of instrumental rationality action and traditional action theory to see the steps to resolve inheritance land conflicts between clans. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews and observations and document studies. The informants in this study were the conflicting clans and traditional leaders. Data analysis by conducting data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of this study indicate that the marhata tradition is an open and participatory dialogue by upholding the values ​​of honesty, openness, and respect. Each party conveys their views and complaints, so that a fair and acceptable solution is achieved by all parties and peace is created so that this tradition needs to be maintained.
Variáveis ambientais e composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica do rio Água Doce, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Santos de Souza Giovanna , Paiva Melo Lins Ruceline , Alves Maria Helena , Moreira de Andrade Ivanilza 
Published: November 2024

Os estuários fornecem recursos alimentares e habitat para diversas espécies, oportunidades recreativas, experiências científicas e educacionais e outros serviços ecossistêmicos importantes. Objetivou-se avaliar, sazonal e espacialmente, as variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas do rio Água Doce no município de Água Doce, estado do Maranhão. As coletas ocorreram mensalmente, de julho de 2017 a junho de 2018, em seis pontos, durante a preamar e baixamar. Registrou-se in situ dados de temperatura, pH, salinidade, turbidez, condutividade elétrica e transparência da água, e em laboratório os valores de N-NH4, N-NO2, N-NO3, nitrogênio total, fósforo total, sólidos totais, oxigênio dissolvido, clorofila a, e composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica, e por banco de dados, a precipitação pluviométrica. As análises estatísticas de variância e correlação de Spearman foram aplicadas. Temporalmente, evidenciou-se um período seco, julho a dezembro de 2017, e outro chuvoso, janeiro a junho de 2018. O rio Água Doce apresentou águas quentes, salinas e com baixa concentração de nutrientes. A comunidade fitoplanctônica foi representada por por 22 espécies de diatomáceas (Bacillariophyta), 8 de dinoflagelados (Dinophyta) e duas de cianofíceas (Cyanophyta). O período chuvoso foi o principal fator de interferência na dinâmica físico-química e na composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica, apesar das flutuações de marés e das ações antrópicas.
Religião e educação: o análogo entre a tradição judaico-cristã e a crise educacional da modernidade
Authors: Guerra Danilo Dourado , Silva Nogueira Emivaldo 
Published: November 2024

Uma perspectiva dialética entre religião e educação nos assinala que a educação em maior ou menor escala valorativa, nunca esteve desenraizada de pressupostos religiosos. Frente a esse paradigma, pretendemos à luz de elementos da tradição judaico-cristã pensar o cenário educacional contemporâneo. Respeitando o pressuposto da educação religiosa, em seu potencial não catequético e plural no que diz respeito à abordagem das múltiplas culturas e tradições religiosas, nosso exercício reflexivo pretende questionar, sobretudo: como a pegadogia inerente ao(s) modelo(s) judaico-cristão de ensino pode contribuir com a educação contemporânea no sentido da formação ética e ontológica do indivíduo para a vida, em meio ao cenário de crise educacional próprio da modernidade.
Brazilian inpatients perspectives on spirituality, religiosity and the healthcare relationship regarding spirituality and religiosity in a university hospital
Authors: Viana Marques Vanessa , De Oliveira Valente Tânia Cristina , Cavalcanti Ana Paula Rodrigues 
Published: November 2024

Spiritual and religious care is essential to help individuals overcome suffering and cope with the disease. OBJECTIVE: We investigated in a sample of 25 Brazilian patients hospitalized in medical and surgical shared wards of a university hospital their preferences about spirituality/religiosity(S/R) in the care provided. METHODS: We used an ethnographic approach, analyzed using the discourse of the collective subject. RESULTS: The results showed that for interviewed patients the needs related to the S/R were less critical than their relationship with the health team and their medical needs, and some of them considered the hospital ward an inappropriate place to talk about S/R. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: These findings emphasize the role of the patient-health team relationship in the patient's perspective about the need to insert the S/R approach in care and indicate that better understanding about patient’s S/R and personal preferences is urgent for clinical practice and healthcare education.
Luzia Soares, processada por feitiçaria pelo Tribunal da Inquisição de Lisboa: uma análise histórica- jurídica
Authors: De Andrade Pena Miranda Corby Isabela 
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo analisa o processo de Luzia Soares, escrava crioula, acusada por feitiçaria, cujo procedimento fora iniciado pelo juízo ordinário, pelo Vigário da Vara de Ribeirão do Carmo, em 1738, e finalizado pela mesa da Inquisição em 1745. Trata-se de um caso estudado por diversos pesquisadores, visto que é envolto de peculiaridades, as quais desembocam na absolvição de Luzia. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo acrescentar às análises já realizadas anteriormente a percepção de que havia uma prudência procedimental do Tribunal da Inquisição e, para tanto, era observado o sistema de produção de provas. Além disso, reiteramos por novos ângulos que a absolvição de Luzia ocorreu em virtude de um conjunto de vícios procedimentais. Na metodologia de análise, utilizamos uma perspectiva jurídica para interpretação da fonte. Observamos que antes de adentrar no exame do caso, propomos algumas considerações jurídicas acerca da série dos processos do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. Por fim, concluímos, principalmente que este caso explicita a necessidade de reafirmação constante do Tribunal da Fé perante sua jurisdição em relação às heresias, reforçando sua própria imagem diante da sociedade colonial, mesmo que para tal fosse necessário proferir uma sentença de absolvição.