bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Interferon Production, RNA Synthesis, and PHA Response in Patients With Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Pidot Anne L. Rassiga , Maurer L. Herbert , McIntyre O. Ross 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sequential measurements of in vitro Newcastle disease virus-induced interferon (IF) synthesis, spontaneous RNA synthesis, and PHA-induced blastic transformation were made in leukocytes derived from ten patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM). The median leukocyte IF production on the day of diagnosis was found to be significantly depressed, 35 international units (IU) IF per 2 x 106 leukocytes, in comparison to a median titer of 463 IU after recovery (p < 0.002) or to a median of 406 IU found in 52 cultures from normal healthy individuals. No spontaneous production of leukocyte IF or circulating serum IF was noted. An increased rate of spontaneous leukocyte RNA synthesis during the first 2 hr of culture was noted in nine of the ten subjects (p < 0.001). Four of the ten patients showed a markedly defective response to PHA after 96-144 hr in culture. A suggestive, but not statistically significant, correlation was noted between increased spontaneous RNA synthesis, defective late PHA transformation, and defective virus-induced IF production. All defects persisted during the 1-wk study period and were resolved after recovery. We conclude that major temporary alterations occur in several parameters of leukocyte function in IM.
Cytogenetic Studies in Myeloma
Authors: Dartnall Jean A. , Mundy G. R. , Baikie A. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chromosomes have been studied in cultures of nucleated peripheral blood cells in 30 patients with myeloma. Both unstimulated cultures and cultures stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were examined in all cases. Mitoses were observed in 13 unstimulated cultures of peripheral blood from 12 cases, providing evidence for the presence of circulating abnormal cells in these patients. In 19 stimulated cultures of peripheral blood from 17 cases, abnormal mitoses were present, seven of these included abnormalities involving a chromosome of group 13-15. In five cases, a large acrocentric chromosome was observed similar to that previously described in some cases of myeloma. In eight cases, chromosome studies were also carried out on bone marrow to allow comparison of methods. Examination of stimulated peripheral blood cells was found to be the better method. Marked aneuploidy was not a feature of the results. No correlation was found between the cytogenetic abnormalities and previous treatment, disease stage, further progression of the disease, or serum and urinary protein abnormalities. The results are discussed, particularly with reference to technical factors influencing the frequency of demonstrable chromosome abnormalities in these cases and the relative merits of examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow.
Measurement of Serum Folate Levels and Serum Folic Acid-binding Protein by 3H-PGA Radioassay
Authors: Waxman Samuel , Schreiber Carol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A radioassay for the measurement of serum folate levels using commercially available beta lactoglobulin, as the folate-binding protein, and 3H-pteroylglutamic acid (3H-PGA) is reported. The assay was run in a one-step simultaneous addition at room temperature. A standard curve was constructed to a sensitivity of 0.25-10 ng of N-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (methyl-THFA). There was a clear correlation with separation into normal (greater than 6 ng/ml), indeterminate range (3-6 ng/ml), and deficient (0-3 ng/ml), as measured by radioassay. Serums from patients receiving antibiotics had normal folate levels with this assay. 3H-PGA was also used to measure serum folic acid-binding protein (FABP). In normal serums, the mean FABP was 18 pg bound/0.4 ml serum, while in folate-deficient serums it was 133 pg bound/0.4 ml of serum. Folate-deficient patients had a fall in serum FABP to the normal range when treated with folic acid. Serum FABP, in a patient on a folate-deficient diet, increased with early folate deficiency and abruptly fell to normal with a regular diet. FABP in lysates of folate-deficient bone marrow was higher than normal marrow. Patients with B12 deficiency, multiple myeloma, cirrhosis, pregnancy, or taking oral contraceptives had normal FABP. Elevated FABP was found in two out of ten patients taking Dilantin. This radioassay and the measurement of FABP should simplify the diagnosis of folate deficiency.
Differences in Inducing Activity for Human Bone Marrow Colonies in Normal Serum and Serum From Patients With Leukemia
Authors: Mintz Uri , Sachs Leo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Normal serum and serums from patients with acute and chronic leukemia were assayed for granulocyte colony-inducing activity with human bone marrow cells. Serum from untreated acute leukemia, but not from the other patients, showed about normal inducing activity at low serum concentration and lower than normal activity at high concentration. This suggests that serum from patients with acute leukemia contained an inhibitor for colony formation. Serums from chronic myeloid leukemia were in about the same range as normal, whereas serums from chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed the highest colony-inducing activity.
5-Azacytidine: A New Active Agent for the Treatment of Acute Leukemia
Authors: Karon Myron , Sieger Lance , Leimbrock Suzanne , Finklestein Jerry Z. , Nesbit Mark E. , Swaney Jerry J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-seven children with acute leukemia were treated with 5-azacytidine in 5-day courses given every 14 days. Six out of 14 children with acute myelogenous leukemia who were adequately treated achieved an M1 marrow. Five of these subsequently developed complete remissions lasting 8 mo, 6 mo, 3 mo, 2 mo, and 2 mo. Of 22 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, one achieved an M1 marrow and one an M2 marrow. The former attained a complete remission which lasted 3 mo. The maximum tolerated dose is between 150 to 200 mg/sq m on a daily x 5 schedule given every 14 days. The impressive activity of 5-aza-C in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia resistant to cytosine arabinoside indicates that this drug will become an important addition to the therapeutic armamentaria against this type of leukemia.
"Foreign Serum" Heterophile Antibodies in Patients Receiving Antithymocyte Antisera
Authors: Pirofsky Bernard , Ramirez-Mateos J. C. , August Anne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Forty-six patients with venous immunologically mediated or lymphoproliferative diseases received goat antihuman thymocyte antisera globulin (ATG) therapy. Heterophile antibody production occurred in 91 % of these patients, following ATG administration. The heterophile antibody was absorbable with both guinea pig kidney and boiled beef erythrocyte antigens. This corresponds to a form of heterophile antibody previously reported as a "serum sickness" variety. The heterophile antibody was composed of a mixture of gamma G and gamma M antibodies and was partially absorbed by ATG. Serum sickness did not occur in any of these patients, in spite of the production of heterophile antibodies. It is recommended that the involved heterogenetic antigen be termed "foreign serum" variety, and the resulting antibody described as a "foreign serum" type of heterophile antibody.
Cholinesterase as a Possible Marker for Early Cells of the Megakaryocytic Series
Authors: Jackson Carl W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Among marrow cells of rats only megkaryocytes stain appreciably for acetylcholinesterase. An investigation was therefore undertaken to determine whether this staining characteristic might be used to identify precursors of recognizable megakaryocytes. Marrow cells smaller than recognizable megakaryocytes were positive for the enzyme. The number of these cells increased after induction of severe thrombocytopenia by injection of antiplatelet antiserum. Subsequently, the number of recognizable megakaryocytes increased, suggesting their derivation from the small acetylcholinesterase-positive cells. These results suggest that acetylcholinesterase activity can be used as a marker for megakaryocytic cells that cannot be detected with conventional staining methods.
A Hypertransfused Mouse Assay for Thrombopoietic Factors
Authors: Cooper George W. , Cooper Barbara , Ossias A. Lawrence , Zanjani Esmail D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method was developed for the quantitative separation of platelets from CF1 mouse whole blood. This made it possible to determine the platelet incorporation of 35S-sulfate without the necessity of doing platelet counts. Daily hypertransfusions of the mice to three to four times normal platelet levels for 4-5 days significantly reduced platelet uptake of radiosulfate to an average of about 40% of the nontransfused controls. Mice rendered thrombocytopenic 48 hr earlier by antiplatelet serum, had 2-day 35S uptakes over 2 1/2 times the controls and 6 times the hypertransfused animals. The administration of a total of 2 ml of serum, given twice daily for 3 days from a thrombocytopenic patient with Hodgkin's disease caused a highly significant 103% rise in radiosulfate incorporation when compared with saline in the hypertransfused mouse. Normal human serum from a healthy donor caused a small and insignificant rise. The serum from a patient with Hodgkin's disease caused a highly significant 63% rise in 35S incorporation when compared to the normal serum.
Autoantibodies in Acquired Hemolytic Anemia With Special Reference to the LW System
Authors: Vos G. H. , Petz L. D. , Garratty G. , Fudenberg H. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Most autoantibodies in patients with warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) have specificity within the Rh system. Using rare cells such as -D- and Rhnull cells, Weiner and Vos (1963) described specificity against normal cells (nl), partially deleted cells (pdl), and deleted cells (dl). Recently, autoantibodies which failed to react with Rhnull cells that were of anti-U specificity have been described. It was suggested that the "Rh related" autoantibodies that cannot be identified as specific Rh antibodies may be anti-U. In the present study we examined eluates from the red cells of eight patients with AIHA using a panel of extremely rare cells and cross-absorption and elution techniques. We demonstrated autoantibody specificities not definable without the rare cells and, further, defined heterogeneity of the LW antigen. Autoantibodies with U specificity occurred in three eluates only. It was always present with an antibody of another specificity. Six of the eluates contained anti-LW, two anti-nl, five anti-pdl, three anti-dl, and one anti-e. Absorption and elution studies using the rare Rh-positive LW-negative (Mrs. Bigelow) showed that anti-pdl may in fact represent anti-LW + LW1 and that Mrs. Bigelow may represent a weak variant of LW. Injection of her red cells into guinea pigs produced an anti-LW that reacted similarly to the antibody produced by injecting Rh-positive LW-positive cells. An analogy to the ABO is suggested that normal Rh-positive LW-positive cells represent LW1, Rh-negative LW-positive cells represent LW2, Mrs. Bigelow represents LW3 and Rhnull cells represent the only true LW-negative (lw).
The Effects of Injection of Human Factor VIII Antibody Into Rabbits
Authors: Shen S. M-C. , Feinstein D. I. , Rapaport S. I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabbits were injected with an immunoglobulin fraction of human serum containing a factor VIII antibody. Factor VIII levels fell abruptly, persisted below 10% of a rabbit plasma standard for 12 hr, and returned to normal by 120-168 hr. The factor VIII antigen-antibody reaction did not result in Intravascular clotting as evaluated by kinetic studies with 125I-fibrinogen. However, small falls in factor V and factor VII levels were observed over a 6-hr period after the injection. Platelets fell to about one-half of initial values within 15 min, rose to 80% of initial levels over 2 hr, and subsequently declined to 65%-70% of initial levels. WBC levels fell to below 20% of initial values 2 hr after the injection but returned to about 75% of initial values by 6 hr. Total hemolytic complement activity was unaffected. Animals made granulocytopenic with nitrogen mustard and animals with hereditary C'6 deficiency behaved similarly to normal animals. One may conclude that the injection of human factor VIII antibody into rabbits produces a rabbit model with impaired intrinsic coagulation suitable for studies of the mechanism of endotoxin-induced intravascular clotting.
Intravascular Clotting After Endotoxin in Rabbits With Impaired Intrinsic Clotting Produced by a Factor VIII Antibody
Authors: Shen S. M-C. , Rapaport S. I. , Feinstein D. I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A rabbit model in which intrinsic clotting was selectively impaired by injection of a human factor VIII antibody was used to evaluate the mechanism of endotoxin-induced intravascular clotting in cortisone-treated rabbits. Three groups of animals were studied: a control group given factor VIII antibody followed by saline; a second control group given an inert material followed by endotoxin; and an experimental group given factor VIII antibody followed by endotoxin. The following parameters were measured: 125I-fibrinogen kinetics, fibrinogen levels, factor VIII, factor VII, factor V, WBC, platelets, and hematocrit. The kidneys were examined for deposition of fibrin. Mean values for factor VIII at the time of injection of the second test material and mean values for fibrinogen consumed in the 6 hr after the second injection were as follows: antibody-saline group, 8.5% and 11.0 mg/kg; control material-endotoxin group, 90% and 29.6 mg/kg; and antibody endotoxin group, 7.0% and 32.7 mg/kg. Factor V, factor VII, granulocytes, and platelets fell in both groups of animals given endotoxin. One animal in each group given endotoxin developed gross renal cortical necrosis. These data establish that selective impairment of the intrinsic clotting reactions does not reduce the amount of clotting induced by a single injection of endotoxin in the cortisone-treated rabbit.
Kinetics of Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Studies Using Continuous 3H-Thymidine Infusion in Two Patients
Authors: Theml H. , Trepel F. , Schick P. , Kaboth W. , Begemann H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two patients with typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia received a continuous infusion of 3H-thymidine for 7 days. The production rate of lymphocytes was low in the lymph nodes, the marrow, and the blood. The fraction of newly formed lymphocytes appearing in the blood per day was only about 0.5%. The absolute production rate of blood lymphocytes however was very high, 690 cells/cu mm blood/day in one patient and 725 cells/cu mm/day in the other. The daily accumulation of newly produced lymphocytes in the circulating blood was estimated to be 3.0 x 109 cells. Most of these newly formed cells were lost from the blood lymphocyte compartment within 3 wk. They are considered to be short-lived lymphocytes with half-lives of 3-8 days. About 90% of the blood lymphocytes were long-lived with a turnover time in excess of 1 yr in the blood lymphocyte compartment. The short-lived cells were both large and small lymphocytes, the long-lived cells were almost exclusively small lymphocytes. Lymphoid cell proliferation was virtually absent in the blood, very low in the marrow, and marked in the enlarged lymph nodes. The exchange of lymphocytes seemed to be partially intact between lymph nodes and blood but more or less completely blocked between marrow and blood.
Tissue Factor Activity of Normal and Leukemic Cells
Authors: Garg Sudershan K. , Niemetz Julian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Generation of procoagulant activity was studied in leukocytes and lymphocytes from normal human peripheral blood, leukocytes from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), rabbit peripheral leukocytes, and macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavity of rabbits. Marked procoagulant activity developed in peritoneal macrophages and rabbit peripheral leukocytes when incubated with endotoxin. Human peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes also generated procoagulant activity. When endotoxin was omitted the procoagulant activity generated was considerably (3-12 times) lower. Leukocytes from patients with CML were less active than normal leukocytes. Leukocytes from patients with CLL generated very little procoagulant activity even after prolonged incubation. An antibody to rabbit tissue factor neutralized the tissue factor activity generated by rabbit leukocytes.
Immunologic Studies of Antihemophilic Factor (AHF, Factor VIII). V. Immunologic Properties of AHF Subunits Produced by Salt Dissociation
Authors: Rick Margaret E. , Hoyer Leon W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII), a large plasma protein with a molecular weight of approximately two million, is dissociated by changes in ionic strength. The immunologic properties of subunits obtained by sucrose density ultracentrifugation in 1 M NaCl and by agarose gel filtration in 0.24 M CaCl2 have been determined using human and rabbit anti-AHF. Asymmetric dissociation of AHF has been identified with formation of two subunits in these separations: a nonfunctional highmolecular-weight (HMW) subunit similar in size to plasma AHF which is identified by immunoprecipitation and radioimmunoassay for AHF antigen, and an active lowmolecular-weight (LMW) subunit which is not detected by these antigen assays. The LMW subunit retains AHF antigens, however, for it is inactivated by both human and rabbit anti-AHF. Antibody neutralization studies verify the presence of AHF antigens on the HMW subunit. These immunologic studies provide constraints which must be incorporated into models of AHF structure.
Inhibition of Human Platelet Aggregation by Plasmin Digests of Human Factor VIII
Authors: Donati M. B. , de Gaetano G. , Vermylen J. , Verstraete M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human factor VIII, upon prolonged incubation at 37°C with plasmin, inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ADP, adrenaline, or collagen. The human factor VIII digests are not anticoagulant in the thrombin time or partial thromboplastin time. Factor VIII split products may interfere in vivo with platelet function and thus could contribute in some way to the hemorrhagic diathesis of fibrinolytic states.
Lymphocytes Forming Red Cell Rosettes in the Cold in Patients With Chronic Cold Agglutinin Disease
Authors: Feizi Ten , Wernet Peter , Kunkel Henry G. , Douglas Steven D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocytes that formed rosettes with human red cells in the cold were observed in the peripheral blood of four patients with chronic cold agglutinin disease. Similar rosettes were not observed in normals or other controls studied. Specificity for I and i red cells was demonstrated which paralleled that of the serum macroglobulins. The rosettes were inhibited by soluble I and i antigens in accordance with the specificity of the serum antibodies. Lymphocytotoxicity assays with idiotypic antisera made to the serum macroglobulins detected the same proteins on the lymphocyte surface. Evidence was obtained that the rosette test underestimated the number of cells bearing the specific cold agglutinin protein. Antisera against cold agglutinins as well as anti-IgM antibodies blocked the rosette formation. By all of these criteria, the surface lymphocyte receptors were indistinguishable from the serum antibodies of these patients.
A "Philadelphia-like" Chromosome Derived From the Y in a Patient With Refractory Dysplastic Anemia
Authors: Warburton Dorothy , Bluming Avrum 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A small acrocentric chromosome, identical in appearance to the Philadelphia chromosome of chronic myelocytic leukemia, was identified in all karyotyped marrow cell metaphases prepared from a 74-yr-old male with refractory dysplastic anemia. The abnormal chromosome was shown by quinacrine fluorescent staining to be derived from a Y chromosome which has lost the characteristic brilliantly fluorescent material of its long arms. A normal Y chromosome was consistently observed in karyotypes of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from this patient.
Change in Marrow and Spleen CFU Compartments Following Leukemia Virus Infection: Comparison of Friend and Rauscher Virus
Authors: OKunewick James P. , Phillips Eleanore L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of the Friend and Rauscher leukemia viruses on the marrow and spleen colony-forming unit compartments have been studied. It was found that the two viruses produced qualitatively similar but quantitatively different effects relative to each other. Comparison of the effects of the individual virus on spleen with those on the marrow also showed striking differences. In the spleen by 14 days after infection with either virus the CFU compartment was grossly enlarged. In the marrow of the Friend-infected mouse the CFU number was not significantly different from normal, and in the Rauscher-infected mouse there was a 50% drop in marrow CFU. Measurement of the F factor showed that infection by either virus resulted in colony-forming units that were deficient as compared to the normal in their ability to successfully "seed" in the spleens of irradiated normal recipients, with the greater depression in F factor being found in cells obtained from spleen tissue. These results indicate that in both cases the nature of the host tissue (marrow versus spleen) exerts a significant modifying effect on the expression of the virus action, and also suggest that the pluripotent colony-forming unit may be a target cell for these viruses.
Biological Effects of Repeated Leukapheresis of Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Vallejos C. S. , McCredie K. B. , Brittin G. M. , Freireich E. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fifteen patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were managed only with repeated leukapheresis for up to 26 mo. At each procedure approximately 10 liters of blood were processed with a continuous-flow blood cell separator over a 3-hr period. Five patients had intermittent leukapheresis (1-2 procedures/wk), and ten of them had one or more series of intensive leukapheresis (4-5 procedures/wk). Addition of hydroxyethyl starch to the extracorporeal circuit was found to increase the removal of leukocytes fourfold. With intensive leukapheresis the leukocyte count decreased 80%, and the platelet count decreased 54% (mean values). With intermittent leukapheresis the corresponding figures were 70% and 35%. Thrombocytopenia was never clinically significant. All 15 patients experienced symptomatic improvement, and those with organomegaly had decrease in the size of the spleen and liver. Leukapheresis was not associated with morbidity, except that anemia became more severe and required periodic transfusions of packed red blood cells. Patients managed with leukapheresis did not enter bone marrow remission, and transformation of CML into blastic crisis was not prevented or delayed.
Iron in the Duodenal Mucosa of Normal, Iron-loaded and Iron-deficient Rats
Authors: Mattii Roberto , Mielke C. Harold , Levine Peter H. , Crosby William H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Iron absorption studies with oral 59FeSO4 were performed on 13 iron-depleted, 11 iron-loaded, and 10 control rats, and nonheme iron was determined in both isolated epithelial cells and defoliated mucosa obtained from the duodenum. Mean absorption by the control animals was 18.5% of the dose. Both iron-depleted and iron-loaded groups showed significant differences in iron absorption (54.5% and 2.2% respectively). Compared with the normal controls, iron was decreased in the epithelial cells of the iron-deficient group, whereas higher concentrations were observed in the defoliated mucosa of iron-loaded animals. The latter observation was confirmed by the presence of iron-laden macrophages seen in sections of the lamina propria of the iron-loaded rats.