bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Including rewiring in the estimation of the robustness of mutualistic networks
Authors: Vizentin‐Bugoni Jeferson , Debastiani Vanderlei J. , Bastazini Vinicius A. G. , Maruyama Pietro K. , Sperry Jinelle H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Species are entangled within communities by their interactions in such a manner that their local extinction may unchain coextinction cascades and impact community dynamics and stability. Despite increasing attention, simulation models to estimate the robustness of interaction networks largely neglect the important role of interaction rewiring, that is, the ability of species to switch partners.

Here we propose a new method to incorporate the potential of species to replace lost partners into a widely used coextinction model to estimate network robustness. In this model, species are allowed to rewire their interactions after initial loss of partners according to probabilities derived from well‐known mechanisms that determine mutualistic interactions, for example, trait matching, phenological overlap and abundances. To illustrate the use of this method, we analyzed a well‐sampled dataset of mutualistic plant–hummingbird interactions.

We found that (a) in general, rewiring increases the estimated robustness, (b) networks are similarly robust to the loss of pollinators or plants, (c) morphological matching and phenological overlap leads to higher robustness, (d) when multiple rewiring mechanisms are combined, however, robustness increases little, and (e) rewiring tends to increase robustness more in scenarios when the loss of generalist species occurs first.

Our results suggest that the same mechanisms known to drive plant–hummingbird network structure are relevant in buffering the effects of species loss via rewiring. The method proposed here can be applied to a wide range of interaction networks and is flexible to the inclusion of other variables important in determining interactions for specific systems. It also allows changes on the assumptions regarding the importance of distinct mechanisms, for instance including a hierarchical relationship, which facilitates insights into the relative importance of multiple variables influencing network disassembling. The analytical framework we offer here represents a step towards a more realistic estimation on how species loss may affect the integrity of interaction networks.
Understanding political−economic development in the American South
Authors: Krause George A. , Zarit Matthew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe propose an empirical strategy to adjudicate between competing explanations of political–economic development in the American South. This strategy evaluates the dynamic relationship between partisan control of representative institutions and economic performance, both before and after major partisan realignment forces and economic conditions had structurally transformed the American South. The political–economic development of low‐capacity Southern states since the early 1980s reflects a “virtuous cycle” of rising income growth and partisan balance of state legislatures mutually reinforcing one another. These findings reconcile conflicting claims regarding the catalytic nature of political–economic development coevolution in the American South and have broader implications for the study of comparative political–economic development.
Rationality as the rule of reason
Authors: Kauppinen Antti 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the prospects of a non‐structuralist account of rationality that doesn't postulate primitive structural requirements (whether of wide or narrow scope) for combinations of attitudes. Instead, it takes competent perceptions of reasons for attitudes to be basic. While broadly similar proposals have been offered before by Thomas Scanlon and Niko Kolodny, this paper adds two important elements to the picture. First, it argues that perceptions of reasons are implicit in intentions and at least certain beliefs (Normative Constitutivism). This allows for addressing challenges raised by John Broome, and makes it possible to derive norms for structural rationality in a natural way. Second, to avoid bootstrapping issues and to capture the authority of rationality, the paper argues that only competent perceptions of reasons give rise to rational requirements and permissions. The relevant kind of competence is a fallible sensitivity to at least basic favoring relations, including the weights of reasons and patterns among them. If we use Reason as the label for such competence, to be rational is to be ruled by one's Reason. If this proposal is successful, there is a common source for the diverse manifestations of rationality and irrationality.
Identification and selection of food safety‐related risk factors to be included in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s Establishment‐based Risk Assessment model for Hatcheries
Authors: Racicot Manon , Comeau Geneviève , Tremblay Alexandre , Quessy Sylvain , Cereno Teresa , Charron‐Langlois Maude , Venne Daniel , Hébert Ghislain , Vaillancourt Jean‐Pierre , Fravalo Philippe , Ouckama Rachel , Mitevski Darko , Guerin Michele T. , Agunos Agnes , DeWinter Leanne , Catford Angela , Mackay Anna , Gaucher Marie‐Lou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTowards the continuous improvement of its inspection system, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing an Establishment‐based Risk Assessment model for Hatcheries to allocate inspection resources based on the food safety risk associated with the Canadian hatcheries falling under its jurisdiction. The objectives of the current study were to identify and select critical food safety‐related risk factors that would be included in this model, with a main focus onSalmonella. A literature review was used to develop a comprehensive list of risk factors that could potentially contribute to the food safety risk attributed to Canadian hatcheries operating in all production streams (breeders, layers, broilers, turkeys, waterfowl and game birds). The development of this list used a selection process that was conducted according to the availability of data sources, the clarity of definition and the measurability of the selected risk factors. A panel of experts reviewed and adjusted the identified risk factors. A final list of 29 risk factors was generated; 20 originated from the scientific literature and nine from the expert panel. Risk factors were grouped in three clusters according to whether they pertained to the inherent risk (nine factors identified), risk mitigation (nine factors identified) or compliance of a hatchery with its preventive control plan and regulatory requirements (11 factors identified). Criteria for assessing each risk factor were defined based on common practices used in the Canadian hatchery industry. This comprehensive list of risk factors and criteria represents useful information to support the design and implementation of a Canadian risk assessment model for hatcheries, but could also be used by like‐minded food safety authorities.
Oral immunotherapy with peach juice in patients allergic to LTPs
Authors: Navarro Begoña , Alarcón Eladia , Claver Ángela , Pascal Mariona , Díaz-Perales Araceli , Cisteró-Bahima Anna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
To assess the safety and efficacy of an oral immunotherapy regimen in patients with allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).

Materials and methods
Prospective study of 24 patients allergic to LTP with positive skin test and a history of anaphylaxis. All patients underwent a desensitization protocol with commercial peach juice. Rising doses of peach juice were administered, starting with an initial dose of seven drops of a 1/1000 dilution and finishing with a dose of 5 ml at visit 17. At visit 18, all patients performed an open challenge with whole juice at a cumulative dose of 200 ml. All adverse reactions occurring during the administration of the different doses were recorded. Levels of rPru p 3 in the juice were quantified.

Results
There were no severe reactions during the desensitization process in the 24 patients. Seven patients (29%) reported mild oral symptoms, and two patients (8%) had urticaria associated with co-factors (one due to exercise and another due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Nineteen patients were able to swallow 5 ml of juice and five withdrew from the study. In two pregnant patients the final challenge was not performed. In all, 17/24 patients were able to consume 200 ml peach juice without developing symptoms.

Conclusions
Oral immunotherapy with the regimen used in this study is an effective and safe short-term therapeutic option for patients with allergy to LTPs. Commercial peach juice appears to be suitable for this treatment.
Beyond territorial conceptions of entrepreneurial ecosystems: The dynamic spatiality of knowledge brokering in seed accelerators
Authors: Kuebart Andreas , Ibert Oliver 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In spatial terms, entrepreneurial ecosystems are mostly conceptualized as confined to a specific territory. At the same time, the growing relevance of entrepreneurship in digital fields is underlined. This paper argues that this is contradictory since territorial thinking underestimates the disruptive qualities of new entrepreneurial practices in the digital economy. Using process-based, qualitative case studies on seed accelerators from four regions: Amsterdam, Berlin, Detroit and Hamburg, this study seeks to explore knowledge brokering in entrepreneurship ecosystems and analyzes the corresponding spatial dynamics. Our findings imply that startups in digital fields share knowledge about business models and technologies in a way that is unattainable in classical knowledge clusters. Moreover, we show that most of the observed entrepreneurial practices in seed accelerators crucially rely on extra-regional resources and thus remain only incompletely embedded into the respective regions. Against the background of these results, we suggest that entrepreneurial ecosystems should not be primarily viewed as territorial phenomena. Instead, we suggest that the territorial view on entrepreneurship ecosystems should be complemented with a topological view that foregrounds entrepreneurship as a trans-locally shared practice that is tangent to different regions in different ways.
Bemerkungen zur Schwingungstheorie dünner elastischer Platten
Authors: Sauter Fritz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Der natürlichste Weg zum Verständnis der Schwingungsvorgänge bei dünnen Platten, nämlich der über die strengen Lösungen der elastischen Grundgleichungen, ist bisher in der Literatur wenig beachtet worden. Diese strenge Integration ergibt für Platten endlicher Dicke bei vorgegebener Laufgeschwindigkeit c der Wellen parallel zur Platte (= Schnittgeschwindigkeit) ein diskretes Spektrum zugehöriger Schwingungsfrequen-zen. Seine Diskussion führt im Grenzfall dünner Platten zu drei bestimmten Dispersionsgesetzen für die drei verschiedenen Schwingungstypen (Scherungs-, Dehnungs-und Piegungsschwingungen), aus denen man leicht die für diesen Grenzfall vereinfachten Schwingungsgleichungen sowohl in erster wie auch in höherer Näherung gewinnen kann. Im besonderen wird so anschaulich verständlich, warum die Differentialgleichung für die Biegungsschwingungen dünner Platten von vierter Ordnung in den Raum-ableitungen ist.
Temperatureffekte bei der Diffusion realer Gase
Authors: Miller Leonhard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bei der Diffusion von reinem Wasserstoff gegen reinen Stickstoff im geschlossenen Zylinder wird der Diffusionsthermoeffekt mit einem Saitengalvanometer registriert. Das zeitlich veränderliche Temperaturfeld wird rekonstruiert, wobei sich Hinweise auf eine endliche negative Mischungswärme ergeben, die auch nach thermodynamischer Berechnung existieren muß.
Die maximalen Temperaturänderungen bei der Diffusion einer Reihe anderer Gas-paare werden angegeben. Weiter werden die Temperaturänderungen bei der Diffusion aus einem offenen Zylinder in den freien Raum beobachtet.
Eine Prüfung der Theorie der Kern-Einzelstreuung von Elektronen
Authors: Bothe Walther 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nach einer früher beschriebenen Methode wurden vergleichende Messungen der Einzelstreuung von Elektronen an dünnen Folien mit magnetischer Zerlegung der gestreuten Elektronen durchgeführt. Für Elektronen von 210 und 370 keV und einen effektiven Streuwinkel von 106° weicht die gemessene Z-Abhängigkeit erheblich von der theoretisch erwarteten ab.
Dielektrische Polarisation und Relaxation von Lösungen und Mischungen polarer (einschl. assoziierter) Stoffe unter Annahme des Onsagerschen inneren Feldes
Authors: Fischer Erich 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Auf Grund des Onsagerschen Ansatzes für das innere Feld wird die dielektrische Relaxation von Lösungen und Mischungen polarer Flüssigkeiten behandelt. Eine zweckmäßige Umformung der Onsagerschen Gleichung ergibt im quasi-statischen Fall zunächst eine einfache Formel zur Berechnung von Dipolmomenten in Lösungen und Mischungen. Bei der Auswertung von Relaxationszeiten der in unpolarer Flüssigkeit gelösten Dipolmoleküle ist gegenüber dem Fall reiner Dipolflüssigkeit eine Korrektur wegen der Verschiedenheit der optischen Polarisationen von Lösungsmittel und Gelöstem zu beachten. Das Gleiche gilt für Mischungen verschiedener Dipolflüssigkeiten bei der Zusammensetzung ihrer Einzelrelaxationszeiten zu einer mittleren Relaxationszeit für das Langwellengebiet. Für assoziierte Dipolsubstanzen ist der aus den Einzelrelaxationszeiten der verschiedenen Komplexe gebildete Mittelwert τ̅ gegenüber der Relaxationszeit τ1 des Einzelmoleküls erhöht; wenn das mittlere Moment pro Einzelmolekül unverändert bleibt, ist bei Kettenassoziation unter einfachen Bedingungen τ̅ = (2 f - 1)τ1 (f = mittlere Zähligkeit); bei polarer Assoziation ändert sich die Beziehung in Richtung auf eine Abhängigkeit τ̅ = [3f-1-2f/(f - 1)]τ1. Es werden die Möglichkeiten diskutiert, aus Messungen von τ̅ und durch weitergehende Analyse des Dispersions- und Absorptionsverlaufs, der durch Überlagerung einer Reihe von Relaxationen gekennzeichnet ist, Aufschluß über den Assoziationsgrad und die Verteilung der Komplexe zu erhalten.
COPING MANUFACTURED TECHNIQUE OF SPINELL SLIP CAST ALL CERAMIC BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND CAD/CAM
Authors: Hidayatin Insani , Indiani Sri Redjeki , Ratwita Rr. Dwiyanti Feriana 
Published: September 2019

Background: Ceramic restorations is divided into two kindsnamelyPorcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) and all-ceramic restorations. In ceram spinell is one of the materials needed for manufacturing anterior coping of all ceramic which has better aesthetic than in other in ceram. Methods which have been done are Conventional Slip Cast by application of spinell paste on refractory die manually and CAD/CAM computer-based technique. The difference of mentioned previously methods is few step-in slips cast methods can be performed only by one step CAD/CAM methods. Objective: To discover the differences between Conventional Slip Cast methods and CAD/ CAM methods. Review: Application of CAD/CAM methods has few advantages compared to conventional methods. Since few step-in conventional methods can be performed only one step in CAD/CAM methods. Conclusion: In order to shorten the time in manufacturing spinell all-ceramic, the dental technician may use CAD/CAM methods. Few advantages of CAD/CAM methods compare to slip cast methods are not necessary to do die to block out, die duplication, wetting agent spraying, vitasonic and ultrasonic usage, giving border by ink pen for determining application border, preparing spinell paste for coping application. Those steps all can be performed only by scanning, design, and milling by CAD/CAM methods. Besides that, coping result produced by CAD/ CAM methods has good accuracy due to spinell block utilization which has better homogenous composition.
ANALISIS TERJEMAHAN EUFEMISME ORGAN DAN AKTIFITAS SEKSUAL DALAM NOVEL FIFTY SHADES OF GREY
Authors: Arifin Desi Zauhana , Djatmika Djatmika , Wiratno Tri 
Published: September 2019

<p>This research is aimed to: (1) identify the kinds of euphemism sexual organ and sexual activity in Fifty Shades of Grey novel, (2) identify the translation techniques used by the translator in translating sexual organ and sexual activity with euphemism, (3) describe the impact of translation technique which applied by the translator toward translation quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability.</p><p>This research is a descriptive-qualitative research. Sources of data are Fifty Shades of Grey novel and also informans who assess the quality of the translation. Data were collected by using document analysis, questionnaires, and focus group discussion (FGD). Data were analyzed by using Spradley’s ethnography method.</p><p>The result of this research shows that there are 10 kinds of euphemism in sexual organ and sexual activity in Fifty Shades of Grey novel . The most dominating euphemism sexual organ of this data is general for specific with the percentation as many as 47.14%, while in sexual activity, the most dominating euphemism is hyperbole with percentation 29.37%. In this research there are thirteen techniques which used by the translator to translate sexual organ and sexual activity with euphemism, the technique which dominates is established equivalent with the percentation 47.43%. For the translation quality, 117 data (59,7%) were accurately translated, 66 data (33,7%) were less accurately translated 13 data (6,6%)were not accurately translated and there were 112 data (57,1%) identified as acceptable translation, 74 data (37,8%) are less acceptable translation, and 10 data (5,1%) are not acceptable translation.</p><p>The conclusion of this research shows that lots of euphemisms were found in <em>Fifty Shades of Grey </em>novel and some of translation techniques have negative impact towards the translation quality of <em>Fifty Shades of Grey </em>novel. This research only uses euphemism sexual organ and sexual activity in <em>Fifty Shades of Grey </em>novel. The other reference of euphemism can be used as the data for further research.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: Euphemism, translation techniques, translation quality</strong></p>
MODALITAS SEBAGAI REALISASI MAKNA INTERPERSONAL PADA TALKSHOW MATA NAJWA ON STAGE "SEMUA KARENA AHOK"
Authors: Khaofia Suci 
Published: September 2019

<p class="Keywords">Artikel ini akan membahas modalitas sebagai realisasi makna interpersonal pada sebuah talk show. Mata Najwa on stage adalah sebuah talk show yang dipandu oleh Najwa Shihab membahas mengenai berbagai topik dengan tokoh-tokoh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis modalitas yang digunakan oleh Najwa Shihab dan menjelaskan hubungan antara modalitas dengan makna interpersonal pada talk show Mata Najwa on stage “Semua Karena Ahok”. Data penelitian ini diambil dari dialog yang terjadi antara Najwa Shihab dan narasumber (bintang tamu). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Najwa Shihab menggunakan 25 probabilitas tingkat tinggi, 5 probabilitas tingkat sedang, 1 probabilitas tingkat rendah, 5 obligasi tingkat tinggi dan 1 inklinasi tingkat rendah. Penggunaan modalitas tingkat tinggi serta adanya obligasi menunjukkan bahwa posisi Najwa Shihab tidak sejajar dengan partisipan lain pada talk show tersebut.</p><p>Kata kunci: makna interpersonal, modalitas, obligasi, probabilitas, status</p>
THE ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION QUALITY OF CHINESE CULTURE SOCIAL TERM
Authors: Maharani Ayu Kharisma 
Published: September 2019

<p><em>The Chinese cultural term is one of the main problems in translation. This study aims to analyze the translation which is the Chinese social cultural term, translation techniques, and the impact of the use of translation techniques on the quality of translation which includes aspects of accuracy, acceptability, and readybility. This research employs a descriptive qualitative with case study and oriented to the translation product. The source of data take from documents selected with purposive sampling technique and the discussion result with raters and informant. The document refer to Stempel Tiongkok: Kumpulan Karya Li Lanqing Dalam Pameran Seni Ukir dan Kaligrafi with its translated text. Data reaserch contains Chinese culture term which are word or phrase. The technique of collecting data used consisted of analysis of documents, quisioner and interview to raters and informants. Data were analyzed using ethnographic analysis, which consisting of domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis until found its cultural theme. From the analysis found 12 data and 7translation technique. They are using adaptation techniques, lending, common equivalent, linguistic compression, variation, deskrutif creation, transposition. Good translation techniques are common equivalent, linguistic compression, lending, variation. Translation techniques are not good deskrusif creations and adaptations.</em></p>
INTEGRATING ONE OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF DISCOURSE CALLED ‘PROCESS’ IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT FOR INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
Authors: Widuri Emilia 
Published: September 2019

<p><em>In this article the researcher applies one of internal structure of discourse called ‘Process’ in writing ‘Procedures text’. </em><em>Procedure text is a piece of writing that tells us information of making/doing something through several steps/directions. There are two important parts that students have to consider in procedure text; the generic structure and the language features. In the language features, the internal structure of “Process” of discourse integrated. The aim of internal structure of “Process” are offers the procedure/process for how something is done/created. The problem occurs when students ignore the internal structure of discourse, therefore they will face difficulties in writing process.</em></p><p><em>The first step of the researcher did in this research was making a lesson plan and student’ assessment. After finish it the researcher discussed with the expert to get the feedback. Based on the feedback the researcher revised it. Once again researcher discussed with the expert to get the final result of lesson plan and student’ assessment. The next step was conducting try out. It was held on 28<sup>th</sup> December 2017. The subjects are 3 students of UNY. The subjects are chosen randomly. </em></p><p><em>Based on the research finding, internal structure is applicable in writing. The generic structure and language features are also really helpful for students in writing English especially procedures text. Thus, all of the subjects of the research be able to produce discourse part with the same structure and successfully produce a paragraph of procedure text.</em></p><p> </p>