bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Homemade Slime
Authors: Trifunova Bisera Kotevska , Demerdjieva Zdravka V. , Tsankov Nikolay K. , Kazandjieva Jana S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, allergic reactions in children are seen in dermatological practice on a daily basis. The most common reasons for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are piercings, temporary tattoos, a wide range of cosmetic products, substances related to the practice of a variety of hobbies and sports, etc. Slime is a new hobby and has become an obsession for some kids. There are many homemade slime recipes. The most common recipe for slime is glue, borax and food coloring for all kinds of rainbow effects. We present a case of an 11-year-old Caucasian girl with hand contact dermatitis caused by an allergic reaction to Slime.
Hepatitis E in pigs in Israel: seroprevalence, molecular characterisation and potential impact on humans
Authors: Shirazi Rachel , Pozzi Paolo , Wax Marina , Bar-Or Itay , Asulin Efrat , Lustig Yaniv , Mendelson Ella , Ben-Ari Ziv , Schwartz Eli , Mor Orna 
Published: December 2018

Introduction
The zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 (HEV-G3) has become a common cause of acute and chronic hepatitis among humans worldwide. In Israel, while HEV-3 sequences have previously been detected in sewage, only the non-zoonotic HEV-G1 genotype has been found in samples from human patients.

Aim
In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the status of HEV in a sample of the swine population and among swine farm workers in Israel.

Methods
Pig blood (n = 141) and faecal samples (n = 39), pig farm sewage samples (n = 8) and blood from farm workers (n = 24) were collected between February 2016 and October 2017. Anti-HEV IgG was detected using the Wantai assay. HEV RNA was analysed with the RealStar HEV kit. HEV open reading frame 1 fragments amplified from representative HEV RNA-positive samples were used for phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Overall prevalence of HEV antibodies in pigs was 75.9% (107/141). HEV RNA was detected in plasma (2.1%, 3/141), faecal (22.8%, 18/79) and pig sewage (4/8) samples. Pig and sewage-derived viral sequences clustered with previously identified human sewage HEV-G3 sequences. Most pig farms workers (23 of 24) were HEV-seropositive; none was viraemic or reported previous clinical signs.

Conclusions
This study showed that domestic pigs in Israel are infected with HEV-G3. The high HEV seropositivity of the farm workers together with the previous identification of this virus in human sewage suggests circulation to humans. The clinical impact of these findings on public health should be further explored.
Pengaruh model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis etnomatematika pada pola batik tenun (ATBM) khas Kota Kediri terhadap kemampuan refleksi dan simetri mahasiswa semester 2 Prodi Pendidikan Matematika UNP Kediri
Authors: Samijo Samijo , Yohanie Dian Devita 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis etnomatematika pada pola batik tenun (ATBM) khas kota kediri terhadap kemampuan refleksi dan simetri mahasiswa. Data penelitian diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan, pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan pada 2 orang pengusaha batik tenun kota Kediri. Hasil kajian dalam penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada motif Riwog, goyor dan motif Obar Abir dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan konsep geometri transformasi seperti konsep translasi dan refleksi serta penggunaan prinsip pengubinan pada satu jenis bangun geometri teselasi yaitu persegi.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis dan Habits Of Mind Siswa SMP Dalam Materi Segiempat Dan Segitiga
Authors: Indriani Lusiana Fauziah , Yuliani Anik , Sugandi Asep Ikin 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan penalaran matematis dan habits of mind siswa SMP pada materi segiempat dan segitiga. Metode penelitian mengunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Tempat penelitian dilaksanakan di salah satu SMP kota Cimahi pada kelas VII semester genap tahun ajaran 2017-2018. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII di salah satu SMP kota Cimahi pada materi materi segiempat dan segitiga. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII. Untuk memperoleh data penelitian digunakan instrumen berupa tes soal uraian dan angket habits of mind. Hasil penelitian didapat kesimpulan: tingkat kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa dalam penyelesaian masih rendah, kesulitan siswa pada umumnya belum memahami soal dan pemahaman konsep masih rendah dan siswa belum terbiasa berpikir dalam belajar.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the ability of mathematical reasoning and habits of mind of junior high school students in rectangular and triangular material. This researchmethod using qualitative descriptive method. The place of research is conducted in one of junior high school Cimahi in class VII even semester of academic year 2017-2018. The population of this study is the students of class VII in one of junior high school Cimahi on material material quadrilateral and triangle. The subjects of the study were students of class VII. To obtain the research data used the instrument in the form of test description and questionnaire habits of mind. The results of the research concluded: the level of students' mathematical reasoning ability in the settlement is still low, students' difficulties in general have not understood the problem and understanding the concept is still low, students are not used to thinking in learning.
Comparing the Quality of Life among Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Iraq Using Different Disease Modifying Therapies
Authors: Yahya Ruaa Natiq , A.Kasim Ali , A. Al Gawwam Gheyath 
Published: December 2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, immune mediated disease of the central nervous system, mostly affecting young adults with mean age of 30 years, twice as high in women compared to men. The etiology of MS is not fully elucidated. MS symptoms are directly related to demyelination and axonal loss, along with other psychological symptoms, can result in functional limitations, disability and reduced quality of life (QoL). The QoL assessments in patients with a chronic disease may contribute to improving treatment and could even be of prognostic value. The goals of this study were to compare the QoL of Iraqi patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS),using three different diseases modifying therapies(DMTs) administered orally, subcutaneously, and by slow infusion; namely, fingolimod,interferonB-1b, and natalizumab, respectively. And to assess the role of disability status, educational status, occupational status, MS duration, and treatment duration as a predictor for the QoL. Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) questionnaire version 4 was used to assess QoL. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were tested by univariate and multivariate regression analyses to assess the contribution of these predictors to QoL. No significant differences were found in symptoms, thinking/fatigue subscales and FAMS total scores among the three DMTs. In conclusion: Iraqi MS patients using InterferonB-1b, fingolimod or natalizumab have a comparable low level of QoL. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is negatively associated with QoL of MS patients in all of the three therapies, while other predictors such as occupational status, educational status, smoking habit and MS duration have different impact in different treatments.
Ameliorating Effect of Oral Guggulsterone Administration in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Mice
Authors: A. Khaleel Raghad , H. Zalzala Munaf 
Published: December 2018

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epidermis and altered keratinocyte differentiation.
In this work, psoriasis was induced by an imiquimod 5% cream, an immune response modifier that can induce psoriasis-like skin inflammation when applied topically in mice. Guggulsterone prepared as a suspension and has been orally given to mice before imiquimod application. The results of the current study showed that guggulsterone suspension can significantly reduce psoriasis area and severity index in (guggul suspension+imiquimod group as compared with both control group and (vehicle suspension+imiquimod ) group.
Impact of Osteocalcin Level on Vascular Calcification in Type 2 Diabetics in Relation to Fibroblast Growth Factor-23(FGF-23)
Authors: A. Ali Inas , H. Ali Shatha 
Published: December 2018

The present study aimed to assess the potential impact of serum concentration of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (the active form of osteocalcin) and fibroblast growth factor-23 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetics with carotid artery calcification and the possible association with metabolic changes in relation to glucose and minerals homeostasis.
This study included 52 men with carotid artery calcification type 2 diabetes mellitus. These patients were categorized; as follows: group A includes 30 patients who had cardiovascular disease and group B includes 22 patients who had no cardiovascular disease. These groups were compared with 25 apparently healthy control (Group C).
It has been shown that fasting serum glucose, HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and undercarboxylated osteocalcin values were significantly different in group A and B as compared with control. Also, undercarboxylated osteocalcin was negatively correlated with fasting serum glucose and HbA1c in group A and B. Furthermore, mean serum fibroblast growth factor level was significantly different among the three studied groups, with highest levels in group A.
In type 2 diabetic patients with normal kidney function and carotid artery calcification, fibroblast growth factor-23 is associated with cardiovascular disease while undercarboxylated osteocalcin does not.
Studying the Effect of Variables on Acyclovir Microsponge
Authors: Fareed Noor Y. , Kassab Hanan J. 
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present investigation was to develop a microsponge delivery system of acyclovir to control its release when applied topically thereby reducing dosing frequency and enhancement patient compliance. The microsponges were produced by the oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion method. The effect of different formulation and process variables such as internal phase volume, polymer type, drug-polymer ratio, stirring speed and stirring duration on microsponge production yield, loading efficiency, particle size and in-vitro drug release was evaluated. The result showed that the microsponge F2 prepared from Eudrajet RS polymer had optimum physical properties regarding the loading efficiency of 99.71_+ 0.7% and production yield which was 85%. Also, F2 showed 66% drug release within 8 hours. Accordingly, the oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion method is an effective technique to formulate microsponges with maximum production yield and loading efficiency for acyclovir.
Induction Heat Treating Systems
Authors: Haimbaugh Richard E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Induction heating has many different applications, such as melting, heating stock for forging, and heat treating. This article begins with a discussion on the types of power supplies, namely, solid-state power supplies and oscillator tubes. It provides information on system elements, including cooling systems, power supplies, heat stations, work handling fixtures, induction or work coils, and quench systems. The article discusses the influence of system elements on induction heat treating system design. It also deals with the general theory, types, and applications of induction coils.
Temperature Control in Heat Treating
Authors: Sherwin Peter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Temperature control in heat treating is of paramount importance in maintaining the quality and achieving the desired metallurgical results. This article provides a detailed account of the factors affecting temperature control in heat treating furnaces, with information on temperature control systems, including contact sensors, noncontact sensors, controllers, energy-flow regulators, measurement instruments, and set-point programmers. Common contact sensors include temperature scales, thermocouples, and resistance temperature detectors, whereas optical pyrometers and on-line radiation thermometers fall under the noncontact type. The article describes two types of instrumentation used in heat treating: field test instruments for temperature-uniformity surveys and system-accuracy tests; and controlling, monitoring, and recording instruments for digital instrumentation.
Furnace Atmosphere Controls in Heat Treating
Authors: Oakes Jim , Lutz John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The atmosphere within a furnace chamber is a basic factor in achieving the desired chemical reactions with metals during heat treating. This article presents the fundamentals of heat treating atmospheres, and describes two groups of atmosphere control, namely, furnace atmosphere control and supply atmosphere control. The two basic types of atmospheric supply systems are generated atmospheres and nitrogen-base atmospheres. The article provides a brief overview of the gas reactions associated with oxidation and carbon control to ensure either carburization, or to prevent decarburization. It demonstrates how the carbon potential control is achieved by controlling water vapor concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, or oxygen partial pressure. The article also describes the various devices and analyzers used to monitor sampled gas from furnace atmospheres, namely, chromatographs, oxygen probes, Orsat analyzers, infrared analyzers, dewpoint analyzers, and hot-wire analyzers. Finally, it discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of these analyzers.
Salt Bath Heat Treatment and Equipment
Authors: Laird W. James 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article provides information on the salt baths used for a variety of heat treatments, including heating, quenching, interrupted quenching (austempering and martempering), case hardening, and tempering. It describes two general types of salt bath systems for steel hardening: the first type uses atmosphere austenitizing followed by salt quench and the second type employs austenitizing salt baths with rapid transfer to the quench salt. The article provides a detailed account on the construction, advantages and disadvantages, and limitations of isothermal quenching furnaces, submerged-electrode furnaces, immersed-electrode furnaces, and externally heated furnaces. It discusses the important applications of various furnace designs, including the austempering of ductile iron, the hardening of tool steels, and the isothermal annealing of high-alloy steels.
Furnace Controls
Authors: Walls Jason , Pietracupa Frank , Boltz Eric , Szymborski Janusz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Heat treating furnaces require different control systems and integration for achieving optimum technical results and enabling safe operation. This article focuses on atmosphere furnaces, with some coverage on controls for vacuum furnaces. Heat treating operations require reliable monitoring and control of motion and position of various mechanical components with the help of mechanical limit switches, proximity sensors, and distance- and position-measuring devices. Using inputs from both flow meters and sensors, such as thermocouples and oxygen sensors, flow measurement control systems must be able to adjust the flow of gases for process optimization. The operator interface of a furnace-control system displays critical information such as the furnace temperature, atmosphere status, alarms, electronic chart recorders, recipe, and maintenance. A supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) system is used to monitor, collect, and store data from multiple pieces of equipment.
Acoustical Characterization
Authors: Ravnik Franc , Grum Janez 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on the heat removal stages involved in quenching, and on the experimental setup used for measuring temperature and detecting sound signals with the help of illustrations and curves. The quenching process generates acoustic signals, which are the consequences of the phase transformation of steel and of the boiling process at the interface during the cooling process. The sound-pressure signal is captured by the hydrophone through sound-emission measurements that occur during steel quenching in different quenching media. The analysis of the results offers an interesting approach to evaluation and, more importantly, to monitoring, controlling, and optimizing the entire quenching process.
Calculation of Heat Treating Costs
Authors: Dossett J.L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article presents a simple cost/pricing system that is reasonably accurate and could easily be recalculated if the yearly cost of any of the basic cost components change. Using the example of a commercial heat treating facility, the operational details are categorized as atmosphere processes, induction processes, aluminum processes, high-heat processes, and secondary processes. For the purpose of calculating the heat treatment processing cost per hour and the selling price for a piece of equipment, the costs are separated into direct costs, allocated costs, capitalized cost, and general and administrative costs. The article discusses the techniques involved in allocating costs to the group of equipment, and presents a description on the cost analysis of endothermic gas.
Vacuum Heat Treating Processes
Authors: Fradette Real , Osterman Virginia , Jones William R. , Dossett Jon 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Vacuum heat treating consists of thermally treating metals and alloys in cylindrical steel chambers that have been pumped down to less than normal atmospheric pressure. This article provides a detailed account of the operations and designs of vacuum furnaces, discussing their pressure levels, resistance heating elements, quenching systems, work load support, pumping systems, and temperature control systems. It describes the classification of instruments used for measuring and recording pressure inside a vacuum processing chamber. Common devices include hydrostatic measuring devices and devices for measuring thermal and electrical conductivity. The article also describes the applications of the vacuum heat treating process, namely, vacuum nitriding and vacuum carburizing. Finally, it reviews the heat treating process of tool steels, stainless steels, Inconel 718, and titanium and its alloys.
Heat Treating of Gray Irons
Authors: Dossett J.L. , White C.V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Gray irons are a group of cast irons that form flake graphite during solidification, in contrast to the spheroidal graphite morphology of ductile irons. The heat treatment of gray irons can considerably alter the matrix microstructure with little or no effect on the size and shape of the graphite achieved during casting. This article provides a detailed account of classes of gray iron, and heat treating methods of gray irons with examples. These methods include stress relieving, annealing, normalizing, transformation hardening, austenitizing, quenching, austempering, martempering, flame hardening, induction hardening, and nitriding.
Introduction to Heat Treating of Tool Steels
Authors: Mesquita Rafael A. , Schneider Reinhold E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTool steels are an important class of steels due to their distinct applications and their specific heat treating issues. This article provides an overview of the classification and production of tool steels, and discusses the procedures and process control requirements for heat treating principal types of tool steels. It reviews the various heat treating processes, namely, normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, austenitizing, quenching, and tempering, and surface treatments and cold treating. The article also provides information on the applicability of these processes to various types of tool steels.
Heat Treating of Air-Hardening High-Strength Structural Steels
Authors: Shan Aidang , Fu Liming 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Air hardening steel is a type of steel that has deep hardenability and can be hardened in large sections by air cooling. This article discusses the principles of heat treatment of air-hardening steel, and describes the recommended heat treating practices for air-hardening high-strength structural steels, namely, H11 Mod, H13 steel, 300M steel, D-6A and D-6AC, and AF1410 steel. It also provides information on recommended heat treating practices for air-hardening martensitic stainless steels.
Processes and Furnace Equipment for Heat Treating of Tool Steels
Authors: Schneider R. , Mesquita R. , Altena H. , Müller T. , Seemann P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article provides a detailed discussion on the heating equipment used for austenitizing, quenching, and tempering tool steels. These include salt bath furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, fluidized-bed furnaces, and vacuum furnaces. The article discusses the types of nitriding and nitrocarburizing processes and the equipment required for heat treating tool steels to improve hardness, wear resistance, and thermal fatigue. The various nitriding and nitrocarburizing processes covered are salt bath nitrocarburizing, gas nitriding and nitrocarburizing, and plasma nitriding and nitrocarburizing.
Low-Temperature Surface Hardening of Stainless Steel
Authors: Somers M.A.J. , Christiansen T.L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Low-temperature surface hardening is mostly applied to austenitic stainless steels when a combination of excellent corrosion performance and wear performance is required. This article provides a brief history of low-temperature surface hardening of stainless steel, followed by a discussion on physical metallurgy, including crystallographic identity, thermal stability and decomposition, nitrogen and carbon solubility in expanded austenite, and diffusion kinetics of interstitials. It provides a description of low-temperature nitriding and nitrocarburizing processes for primarily austenitic and, to a lesser extent, other types of stainless steels along with practical examples and industrial applications of these steels.
Heat Treatment of Powder Metallurgy Steels
Authors: Newkirk Joseph W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Powder metallurgy (PM) processes include press and sinter hardening, metal injection molding, powder forging, hot isostatic pressing, powder rolling, and spray forming. This article provides an overview of PM processing methods and general considerations of heat treatment of PM parts that are case-hardened to obtain higher hardness, wear, fatigue, and impact properties. It describes the effects of porosity on heat treatment, alloy content on PM hardenability, and starting material on homogenization of PM steels. The article describes the properties, following heat treatment, of low-alloy steels tempered at 175 ºC for one hour, and lists recommended quench and temper parameters to achieve good wear resistance and core strength based on different ranges of porosity.
Heat Treating of Cold-Work Tool Steels—Medium-Alloy Air-Hardening, High-Carbon High-Chromium and High-Vanadium-Powder Metallurgy Steels
Authors: Mesquita Rafael Agnelli , Schneider Reinhold S.E. , Gonçalves Cristiane Sales 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on various heat-treating practices, namely, normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, preheating, austenitizing, quenching, tempering, and nitriding for cold-work tool steels. The cold-work tool steels include medium-alloy air-hardening tool steels, high-carbon high-chromium tool steels, and high-vanadium-powder metallurgy tool steels. The article also describes the properties, types, nominal compositions and designations of these cold-work tool steels.