bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Android Applications Homology Based on the Authors’ Programming Style
Authors: Xu Jiayu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As the mobile internet playing an increasingly important role in people’s daily life, the copyright issue of Android applications attaches more and more attentions. Because Android applications are vulnerable to reverse engineering, there are many criminals illegally modify and re-sign the official android for their own interests, which has seriously damaged the user’s rights and disturbed the order of the mobile internet. In this paper, a novel detects method of Android applications similarity based on the authors’ programming style is described. In the proposed method, we firstly extract a series of basic features that can represent the programming style of author. Considering that the features selected manually are highly subjective, we tried ICA, PCA and LDA to optimize the features. Ultimately, an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model is trained with sequences of feature vectors. The results of experiments demonstrate that our proposed method has better performance than string comparison and grammar tree analysis when fighting against variable substitution, insert independent statement and data stream confusion.
Real-time Measurement, Computing and Visualization of Plant Structure
Authors: Li Guo , Qian Tingting , Lu Shenglian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A method and software tool for measuring and reconstructing small plant in real time was presented. The key of this method lies in the feature points measuring with 3D digitizer and organ templates-based details 3D reconstructing. Firstly, several feature points were selected and measured by using a digitizer from the targeted plant. Then the morphological parameters of this plant could be calculated from these feature points, with its skeleton model was reconstructed in the process of measuring. For a details 3D reconstruction of the plant structure, organ’s 3D template was used, which was created by using 3D point cloud data measured from real plant organs, or created with interactive designing. This method has been tested in many plants, including crops and small fruit trees. The experiment results indicated that the proposed method is suitable for real-time measurement and multi-scale structural modeling of small plants.
Efficient Small Object Detection with an Improved Region Proposal Networks
Authors: Ma Dong Wen , Wu Xiao Jun , Yang Honghong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Although the state-of-the-art object detection methods, which depend on region proposal algorithms to hypothesize object locations, have achieved high detection accuracy, it still struggles in small-size object detection. In this paper, we present a novel method with a multi-scale and multi-tasking region proposal method to effectively detect small object. In the proposed method, multi-scale features and high-level features are employed to locate object position and identify object category, respectively. The main contributions of the proposed approach are two-fold: (1) A simpler way is used to improve the accuracy performance of small object detection, instead of the complex image pyramids and the complex combination framework, and make the object detection task more flexible. (2) Based on multi-scale and multi-tasking approaches, object location information in low layers and object semantic information in deep layers are made fully advantage respectively. The experimental results on the PASCAL VOC dataset show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the art object detection accuracy.
Recent global and regional trends in burned area and their compensating environmental controls
Authors: Forkel Matthias , Dorigo Wouter , Lasslop Gitta , Chuvieco Emilio , Hantson Stijn , Heil Angelika , Teubner Irene , Thonicke Kirsten , Harrison Sandy P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The apparent decline in the global incidence of fire between 1996 and 2015, as measured by satellite-observations of burned area, has been related to socioeconomic and land use changes. However, recent decades have also seen changes in climate and vegetation that influence fire and fire-enabled vegetation models do not reproduce the apparent decline. Given that the satellite-derived burned area datasets are still relatively short (<20 years), this raises questions both about the robustness of the apparent decline and what causes it. We use two global satellite-derived burned area datasets and a data-driven fire model to (1) assess the spatio-temporal robustness of the burned area trends and (2) to relate the trends to underlying changes in temperature, precipitation, human population density and vegetation conditions. Although the satellite datasets and simulation all show a decline in global burned area over ~20 years, the trend is not significant and is strongly affected by the start and end year chosen for trend analysis and the year-to-year variability in burned area. The global and regional trends shown by the two satellite datasets are poorly correlated for the common overlapping period (2001–2015) and the fire model simulates changes in global and regional burned area that lie within the uncertainties of the satellite datasets. The model simulations show that recent increases in temperature would lead to increased burned area but this effect is compensated by increasing wetness or increases in population, both of which lead to declining burned area. Increases in vegetation cover and density associated with recent greening trends lead to increased burned area in fuel-limited regions. Our analyses show that global and regional burned area trends result from the interaction of compensating trends in controls of wildfire at regional scales.
Doping and alloying of kesterites
Authors: Romanyuk Yaroslav E , Haass Stefan G , Giraldo Sergio , Placidi Marcel , Tiwari Devendra , Fermin David J , Hao Xiaojing , Xin Hao , Schnabel Thomas , Kauk-Kuusik Marit , Pistor Paul , Lie Stener , Wong Lydia H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Attempts to improve the efficiency of kesterite solar cells by changing the intrinsic stoichiometry have not helped to boost the device efficiency beyond the current record of 12.6%. In this light, the addition of extrinsic elements to the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 matrix in various quantities has emerged as a popular topic aiming to ameliorate electronic properties of the solar cell absorbers. This article reviews extrinsic doping and alloying concepts for kesterite absorbers with the focus on those that do not alter the parent zinc-blende derived kesterite structure. The latest state-of-the-art of possible extrinsic elements is presented in the order of groups of the periodic table. The highest reported solar cell efficiencies for each extrinsic dopant are tabulated at the end. Several dopants like alkali elements and substitutional alloying with Ag, Cd or Ge have been shown to improve the device performance of kesterite solar cells as compared to the nominally undoped references, although it is often difficult to differentiate between pure electronic effects and other possible influences such as changes in the crystallization path, deviations in matrix composition and presence of alkali dopants coming from the substrates. The review is concluded with a suggestion to intensify efforts for identifying intrinsic defects that negatively affect electronic properties of the kesterite absorbers, and, if identified, to test extrinsic strategies that may compensate these defects. Characterization techniques must be developed and widely used to reliably access semiconductor absorber metrics such as the quasi-Fermi level splitting, defect concentration and their energetic position, and carrier lifetime in order to assist in search for effective doping/alloying strategies.
Joanne S. Tornow: Advancing Opportunities for Convergence
Authors: Verdier James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Joanne S. Tornow was selected as assistant director for the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) in February 2019, following almost two decades with the foundation. Her duties ranged from program management to high-level leadership and strategic development, and she previously served as the head of BIO in an interim capacity. Prior to her time at the NSF, Tornow served on the faculty at Portland State University and the University of Southern Mississippi. James M. Verdier interviewed her about the directorate's current operations and future plans in March 2019. An audio version of this conversation can be found as a part of the American Institute of Biological Science's podcast series, BioScience Talks, available at http://bioscienceaibs.libsyn.com. Both versions have been edited for clarity.
Arthroscopic primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Papalia Rocco , Torre Guglielmo , Papalia Giuseppe , Campi Stefano , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe most common procedure to manage a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is surgical reconstruction. Primary repair of the ACL is returning on the forefront in the management of acute ACL, aiming to be less invasive and preserve the original ligament. Several techniques have been reported; the present systematic review investigates the clinical outcomes of ACL primary repair in adults.Sources of dataFollowing an electronic search through Medline, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases, articles of interest were retrieved and evaluated, including case series, retrospective studies, case-control studies and randomized controlled trials. The main outcome data were extracted and summarized in tables and text. The methodology of the studies was assessed using the Coleman methodology score (CMS).Areas of agreementOf the articles included, one was of level I, two of level III and the remaining of level IV. The direct intraligamentary stabilization technique was the most widely and accurately reported technique, with acceptable success and improvement of functional outcomes. The CMS averaged 58.75 (range 48 to 69), with no significant association with year of publication (Pearson’s regression r = −0.397, P = 0.207).Areas of controversyConcerning stump sutures and suture anchors repair, although leading to good results, also in comparison with ACL reconstruction, no sufficient evidence was available to support these techniques.Growing pointsThe overall good results were reported also for other techniques are not supported by adequate evidence. More and better trials are required to improve our knowledge and understanding in this controversial area.
Neuronal Activity Drives Astroglial Connexin 30 in Perisynaptic Processes and Shapes Its Functions
Authors: Ghézali Grégory , Vasile Flora , Curry Nathan , Fantham Marcus , Cheung Giselle , Ezan Pascal , Cohen-Salmon Martine , Kaminski Clemens , Rouach Nathalie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Astrocytes play key roles in brain functions through dynamic interactions with neurons. One of their typical features is to express high levels of connexins (Cxs), Cx43 and Cx30, the gap junction (GJ)-forming proteins. Cx30 is involved in basic cognitive processes and shapes synaptic and network activities, as shown by recent studies in transgenic animals. Yet it remains unknown whether astroglial Cx30 expression, localization, and functions are endogenously and dynamically regulated by neuronal activity and could therefore play physiological roles in neurotransmission. We here show that neuronal activity increased hippocampal Cx30 protein levels via a posttranslational mechanism regulating lysosomal degradation. Neuronal activity also increased Cx30 protein levels at membranes and perisynaptic processes, as revealed by superresolution imaging. This translated at the functional level in the activation of Cx30 hemichannels and in Cx30-mediated remodeling of astrocyte morphology independently of GJ biochemical coupling. Altogether, these data show activity-dependent dynamics of Cx30 expression, perisynaptic localization, and functions.
The entwined futures of financialisation and cities
Authors: Gupta Priya S 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article considers the future of financialisation as it is entwined with that of cities. It poses the question of how cities can regulate financialisation. ‘Financialization’ is understood here to encompass the myriad of social, economic, legal and political dimensions of the transition from industrial capitalism to finance capitalism. This transition implicates the financial sector and their motives as well as the new roles that financial ideas play in everyday lives. That new role for finance has been understood to be a ‘normative order of reason’ that informs public decision-making and governance. While the efforts of national and transnational law to regulate the financial sector have been studied, there has been far less focus on local governments. Local governments, however, play a crucial role in how financial capitalism takes hold through their regulation of real estate and urban space (real estate being a key current engine of financial markets). Local governments mediate the ways that finance takes hold in cities and the built environment and the way that those transformations exclude certain populations. In short, they mediate the ‘spatialization’ of finance. This triangular constitution of local governance, financialisation and urban space can be observed in the shrinking of public space. The article first examines the relationship between public space and democracy, and the role of law as the underlying structure that allocates urban space towards the use of the public or the use of private real estate actors. This engagement demonstrates how urban space is a key site of financialisation’s dual dimensionality: as a sector with material accumulation of resources and as a constellation of rationalities and cultures. The article then turns to a discussion of city efforts to regulate the financial sector, and popular resistance to the ideologies of finance. Through that examination, this article hopes to demonstrate that efforts to regulate the financial sector are only one level on which to regulate financialisation. ‘Regulation’ here becomes a complex endeavour, requiring an engagement with the modes of reasoning and culture promulgated by financialisation as well as the financial sector and its activities.
Biochemical and biological validations of a faecal glucocorticoid metabolite assay in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)
Authors: Lavin Shana R , Woodruff Miles C , Atencia Rebeca , Cox Debby , Woodruff Glenn T , Setchell Joanna M , Wheaton Catharine J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Stress is a major factor in determining success when releasing endangered species into the wild but is often overlooked. Mandrills (Mandrills sphinx) are vulnerable to extinction due to habitat loss and demand for bush meat and the pet trade. To help bolster in situ populations, rehabilitated rescued mandrills recently were released into a protected area in the Republic of Congo. The goal of this study was to validate the use of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) in mandrills and test field-friendly faecal hormone extraction techniques that can subsequently be used to monitor the stress physiology and welfare of mandrills throughout the release process. Using faecal samples collected from ex situ mandrills, we tested cortisol, corticosterone, 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone (69a), and 11-oxoetiocholanolone EIAs. Absolute concentrations, hormone profiles following medical procedures or translocation, and high-performance liquid chromatography fraction immunoreactivity showed that the 69a assay was the best choice to monitor the stress response in this species. Samples with delayed extraction or drying times had 40–80% lower 69a concentrations than samples extracted immediately post-collection and frozen. The 69a EIA is an appropriate assay for monitoring welfare in this species in situ or ex situ, and results indicated that consistent extraction methods are important for accurate comparisons.
H.M. Hyndman and the Intellectual Origins of the Remaking of Socialism in Britain, 1878–1881
Authors: Flaherty Seamus 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the historiography of late nineteenth-century British Socialism has reached a new level of sophistication. The determinism and essentialism that typified much of the work on the subject prior to the so-called linguistic turn in social history has been decisively dropped. This article, however, argues that the influence of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels still persists in two crucial respects. Firstly, it suggests that historians continue to take their lead from Marx in pinpointing the start of the Socialist movement; and second, it posits that historians also continue to follow Engels by describing the political beliefs of H.M. Hyndman as belonging to an intellectual tradition of Tory Radicalism. This article argues that, partly as a consequence of that first error, historians have overlooked the small but crucial burst of articles on the topic of Socialism published in the periodical press between 1878 and 1880. It also claims that, contrary to the historiographical consensus, Hyndman was not an ‘ex-Conservative’ or Radical of Tory inclination. It demonstrates, rather, that Hyndman’s ideological heritage was overwhelmingly Liberal. It situates Hyndman’s first article on Socialism against the anterior discussion in the periodical press. The article reveals how Hyndman’s intervention was indebted to the arguments previously advanced by J.S. Mill, Henry Fawcett, and William Cunningham. It posits, furthermore, that once it is recognised that the writings of Mill, Fawcett and other Liberals occupied a central place in Hyndman’s political imagination a number of other features of Hyndman’s political thought also fall into place.
Complex segmentectomy in the treatment of stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Handa Yoshinori , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESAlthough segmentectomy for lung cancer has been widely accepted, complex segmentectomy, which creates several, intricate intersegmental planes, remains controversial. Potential arguments include risk of incurability and ‘failure of cancer control’. We compared the outcomes of complex segmentectomy versus lobectomy and evaluated its use in lung cancer treatment.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed clinical stage IA lung cancer patients who underwent complex segmentectomy (n = 99) or location-adjusted lobectomy (n = 94) between April 2009 and December 2017. Clinicopathological and postoperative results were compared. Factors affecting survival were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox regression analysis.RESULTSNo significant differences were detected in 30-day mortality (0% vs 0%), overall complications (26.3% vs 21.3%) and prolonged air leakage (11.1% vs 9.6%) rates between the 2 groups, respectively. Comparable results were obtained for 5-year overall (93.5% vs 96.4%, respectively; P = 0.21) or recurrence-free (92.3% vs 88.5%, respectively; P = 0.82) survivals after complex segmentectomy or lobectomy. There were 2 (2.0%) recurrences after complex segmentectomy and 7 (7.5%) after lobectomy (P = 0.094), with 0 (0%) margin relapses in each group. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that complex segmentectomy and lobectomy had a numerically similar impact on recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.32–2.69; P = 0.90).CONCLUSIONSComplex segmentectomy can provide acceptable short- and long-term outcomes in lung cancer treatment.
Trends and results of oesophageal cancer surgery in Finland between 2004 and 2014
Authors: Helminen Olli , Sihvo Eero , Gunn Jarmo , Sipilä Jussi O T , Rautava Päivi , Kytö Ville 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Few population-based studies reporting trends in oesophageal cancer surgery exist. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of oesophageal cancer, changes in resection rates, patient demographics and short- and long-term outcomes of oesophagectomy at the population level in Finland.

METHODS
All Finnish patients diagnosed with cancer of the oesophagus or gastrooesophageal junction between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014 identified from the nationwide registries were included. The follow-up ended on 31 December 2016. For evaluation of changes in demographics and treatment, data were divided into 2 periods: 2004–2009 and 2010–2014. For comparison of short-and long-term outcomes, adjustments for age, sex, comorbidity, tumour stage and histology were used.

RESULTS
The number of diagnosed oesophageal cancers was 4266. Of these, 740 underwent oesophagectomy. Resection rate increased from 15.2% in 2004–2009 to 19.6% in 2010–2014. The median number of oesophagectomies in Finnish hospitals increased from 1.9 to 3.7 per hospital per year. At the same time, minimally invasive surgery became more common (6.3% vs 35.1%, P &lt; 0.0001) and a trend for increase in neoadjuvant treatment was observed (46.8% vs 53.8%, P = 0.0582). The rate of type III anastomosis leaks and conduit necroses was 5.1% without differences in time periods. Three-year [52.4% vs 61.6%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59–0.95] and 5-year survival (42.1% vs 56.5%, adjusted HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.87) improved.

CONCLUSIONS
This nationwide population-based study demonstrates an increase in resection rate, use of neoadjuvant treatment and minimally invasive surgery together with an improvement in long-term outcome after oesophageal cancer surgery.
Save the Injured – Don’t Kill IHL: Rejecting Absolute Immunity for ‘Shielding Hospitals’
Authors: Beer Yishai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article is a response to Neve Gordon and Nicola Perugini’s thought-provoking article, ‘“Hospital Shields” and the Limits of International Law’, published in this issue. The authors advocate reforming the law to allow hospitals absolute protection, even in cases where they are also used by combatants for military purposes that are harmful to their adversary (‘shielding hospitals’). Defining the contour of the desired protection for hospitals should start with both the institutional and personal attributes justifying their special protection as well as with the empirical data relating to the prevalence of attacks on hospitals – who and what triggers them. Against this background, this reply presents the prevailing law that grants strong protection to hospitals, albeit a contingent one that may be removed in exceptional cases of their abuse. It advocates retaining the contingent protection, though with some adjustments, and argues that the suggested absolute protection – in fact, immunity – for shielding hospitals is neither feasible nor normatively desirable. It would damage the current balance and rationale of the entire body of international humanitarian law in general and have a counter-effect upon the treatment of the sick and wounded in particular. Contrary to its apparent humanitarian rationale, absolute immunity for shielding hospitals would damage their ability to function as medical institutions and allow an adversary who controls a hospital full discretion in selecting its priorities regarding the use of its space and resources and might turn the sick and wounded into a means of warfare.