bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing Eurolects
Authors: Mori Laura 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on linguistic differences in Italian between two legislative corpora belonging to the Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus: corpus A (EU directives) and their Italian laws of implementation (corpus B). In order to prove that two different legislative varieties do exist, corpus-based and corpus-driven analyses involved several levels: lexico-semantic, morphological, morphosyntactic, syntactic and textual. Results obtained through a quantitative approach are combined with qualitative insights and interepreted according to a common categorisation into EU-rooted phenomena, contact-induced features, and intra-linguistic variability (Research Template in Mori (this volume). Significant differences found confirm the existence of an Italian Eurolect characterised by Europeisms on a lexical level, morphological trends, morphosyntactic preferences, and textual patterns that do not conform to language conventions and norms in use in legislative Italian.
Conclusions
Authors: Mori Laura 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The volume addresses the existence of an EU legislative variety across countries and languages: the so-called Eurolect (Chapter 1). Each chapter tackles this research hypothesis by focusing on one of the 11 cases covered by the first phase of the Eurolect Observatory Project: Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, and Spanish. The common design and frame of analysis of the research study allow us to pool final results that cover shared parameters and interpretative categories. The mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) applied to the same corpus (Eurolect Observatory Multilingual Corpus) by all scholars contributes substantively to the description of significant Eurolectal features across EU languages. By clustering the most relevant variational patterns, one obtains a rather comprehensive picture of Eurolects. This chapter is intended to sum up the conclusions of the whole research project in order to highlight cross-linguistically converging and diverging trends.
Measurement of heavy metals and organo-tin in leather powder
Authors: Ma L D , Wang Q , Wei C , Wong Y L , Tang P O , Lee H M , Sze K L , Domiguez M d A , Araujo T , Sena R C d , Zhu Y B , Kadir H A , Baharom N , Thiengmanee U , Kaewkhomdee N , Taebunpakul S , Yafa C , Can S Z , Coskun F G , Tunc M , Sobina E , Tabatchikova T , Dobrovolskiy V , Stakheev A , Stolboushkina T , Krylov D F , Ivanovich K A , Vladimirovich B M , Vladimirovich S V 
Published: November 2018

The CCQM-K128 key comparison was organized by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group (IAWG) of CCQM to test the abilities of national metrology institutes in measuring the heavy metals and organo-tin in leather matrix material or other similar organics content materials, and a pilot study CCQM-P163 was conducted in parallel with this key comparison. The National Institute of Metrology (NIM), P. R. China, acted as the coordinating laboratory. This comparison includes two parts: part A is for heavy metals (eight elements include As, Cd, Pb, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Sb) in leather powder with concentrations levels (30 ~ 100) mg/kg, and part B is for organo-tin (tributyltin) in leather powder with the concentration range (150~600) nmol/g.
There were 10 laboratories registered and 9 laboratories returned the results, and different measurement methods (ID-ICPMS, ICP-MS, ICP-OES) with the microwave digestion were used in Part A; There were 3 laboratories registered and returned the results, and ID-LC-ICPMS, ID-GC-ICPMS and LC-ICPMS were used in Part B. After several rounds results and technical discussion at CCQM IAWG meeting, the KCRV and which associated uncertainty for each component had been confirmed.
The comparison is to ensure the comparable and traceable measurement results for heavy metals and organo-tin in leather products among the NMIs and other designated measurement bodies worldwide. The consequence is relatively successful overall, although some problem of mercury and antimony determination had been discussed and summarized in this report. All participants have shown their capabilities and gained experience through this comparison. The results of CCQM-K128 are expected to cover the measurement capability and support the relative CMC claiming in the leather materials and similar high organics content matrix industrial products.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Leather, metal, Organo-Tin

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Measuring pain
Authors: Reitz F , Soratto A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A system of evaluation and quantification of pain in the human body that considers anatomical, physiological, environmental and psychological measurements of the patients is presented. The measured variables are compiled by algorithms that generate a graph where the pain level is presented in a scale from 0 to 10 called the rtz scale. A report with information and images relevant to the decision making of health professionals, reducing the subjectivity of the diagnoses, is generated. The proposed system represents an advance in the measurement of pain in humans and the rtz scale creates reference parameters for its quantification.
Molecular phylogenomics of the tribe Shoreeae (Dipterocarpaceae) using whole plastid genomes
Authors: Heckenhauer Jacqueline , Paun Ovidiu , Chase Mark W , Ashton Peter S , Kamariah A S , Samuel Rosabelle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsPhylogenetic relationships within tribe Shoreeae, containing the main elements of tropical forests in Southeast Asia, present a long-standing problem in the systematics of Dipterocarpaceae. Sequencing whole plastomes using next-generation sequencing- (NGS) based genome skimming is increasingly employed for investigating phylogenetic relationships of plants. Here, the usefulness of complete plastid genome sequences in resolving phylogenetic relationships within Shoreeae is evaluated.MethodsA pipeline to obtain alignments of whole plastid genome sequences across individuals with different amounts of available data is presented. In total, 48 individuals, representing 37 species and four genera of the ecologically and economically important tribe Shoreeae sensu Ashton, were investigated. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.Key ResultsHere, the first fully sequenced plastid genomes for the tribe Shoreeae are presented. Their size, GC content and gene order are comparable with those of other members of Malvales. Phylogenomic analyses demonstrate that whole plastid genomes are useful for inferring phylogenetic relationships among genera and groups of Shorea (Shoreeae) but fail to provide well-supported phylogenetic relationships among some of the most closely related species. Discordance in placement of Parashorea was observed between phylogenetic trees obtained from plastome analyses and those obtained from nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data sets identified in restriction-site associated sequencing (RADseq).ConclusionsPhylogenomic analyses of the entire plastid genomes are useful for inferring phylogenetic relationships at lower taxonomic levels, but are not sufficient for detailed phylogenetic reconstructions of closely related species groups in Shoreeae. Discordance in placement of Parashorea was further investigated for evidence of ancient hybridization.
Cumulative Inequality at the End of Life?: Racial Disparities in Impairment in the Time Before Death
Authors: Taylor Miles G , Min Stella N , Reid Keshia M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Drawing from cumulative inequality (CI) theory, the current study examined racial disparities in impairment as individuals approached death to determine whether proposed mechanisms hypothesized to fuel or diminish racial disparities at late ages were at work at the end of individualized life spans.

Method
Black–white disparities were analyzed among decedents using latent growth curves based on the data from the North Carolina Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) (N = 1,926).

Results
Consistent with previous literature, racial inequalities in functional disparities diminish at late ages. However, significant black–white disparities emerge as older adults approach death, exponentially increasing within the 2 years immediately preceding death. Further, these disparities are not fully mediated by socioeconomic status.

Discussion
The results confirm that CI in health outcomes is observable in late life among individual life spans, suggesting the years surrounding death may be a particularly vulnerable period for health inequality. Future research should examine how advantaged statuses translate to increased access to health-related resources that aid in maintaining greater functional independence until the last stage of life.
An Improved Genome Assembly for Drosophila navojoa, the Basal Species in the mojavensis Cluster
Authors: Vanderlinde Thyago , Dupim Eduardo Guimarães , Nazario-Yepiz Nestor O , Carvalho Antonio Bernardo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Three North American cactophilic Drosophila species, D. mojavensis, D. arizonae, and D. navojoa, are of considerable evolutionary interest owing to the shift from breeding in Opuntia cacti to columnar species. The 3 species form the “mojavensis cluster” of Drosophila. The genome of D. mojavensis was sequenced in 2007 and the genomes of D. navojoa and D. arizonae were sequenced together in 2016 using the same technology (Illumina) and assembly software (AllPaths-LG). Yet, unfortunately, the D. navojoa genome was considerably more fragmented and incomplete than its sister species, rendering it less useful for evolutionary genetic studies. The D. navojoa read dataset does not fully meet the strict insert size required by the assembler used (AllPaths-LG) and this incompatibility might explain its assembly problems. Accordingly, when we re-assembled the genome of D. navojoa with the SPAdes assembler, which does not have the strict AllPaths-LG requirements, we obtained a substantial improvement in all quality indicators such as N50 (from 84 kb to 389 kb) and BUSCO coverage (from 77% to 97%). Here we share a new, improved reference assembly for D. navojoa genome, along with a RNAseq transcriptome. Given the basal relationship of the Opuntia breeding D. navojoa to the columnar breeding D. arizonae and D. mojavensis, the improved assembly and annotation will allow researchers to address a range of questions associated with the genomics of host shifts, chromosomal rearrangements and speciation in this group.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Lung Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study: An Update
Authors: Stram Daniel O , Park S Lani , Haiman Christopher A , Murphy Sharon E , Patel Yesha , Hecht Stephen S , Le Marchand Loic 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
We previously found that African Americans and Native Hawaiians were at highest lung cancer risk compared with Japanese Americans and Latinos; whites were midway in risk. These differences were more evident at relatively low levels of smoking intensity, fewer than 20 cigarettes per day (CPD), than at higher intensity.

Methods
We apportioned lung cancer risk into three parts: age-specific background risk (among never smokers), an excess relative risk term for cumulative smoking, and modifiers of the smoking effect: race and years-quit smoking. We also explored the effect of replacing self-reports of CPD with a urinary biomarker—total nicotine equivalents—using data from a urinary biomarker substudy.

Results
Total lung cancers increased from 1979 to 4993 compared to earlier analysis. Estimated excess relative risks for lung cancer due to smoking for 50 years at 10 CPD (25 pack-years) ranged from 21.9 (95% CI = 18.0 to 25.8) for Native Hawaiians to 8.0 (95% CI = 6.6 to 9.4) for Latinos over the five groups. The risk from smoking was higher for squamous cell carcinomas and small cell cancers than for adenocarcinomas. Racial differences consistent with earlier patterns were seen for overall cancer and for cancer subtypes. Adjusting for predicted total nicotine equivalents, Japanese Americans no longer exhibit a lower risk, and African Americans are no longer at higher risk, compared to whites. Striking risk differences between Native Hawaiians and Latinos persist.

Conclusions
Racial differences in lung cancer risk persist in the Multiethnic Cohort study that are not easily explained by variations in self-reported or urinary biomarker-measured smoking intensities.
Robert Musil, a war journal, and stylometry: Tackling the issue of short texts in authorship attribution
Authors: Rebora Simone , Herrmann J Berenike , Lauer Gerhard , Salgaro Massimo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring World War I (WWI), between 1916 and 1917, Robert Musil was the chief editor of the Tiroler Soldaten-Zeitung in Bozen. This activity probably also involved authorship of articles and has posed a philological problem to scholars, who have not been able to attribute with certainty a range of relatively short texts to Musil. With this article, we present a new approach that combines philological research with stylometric methods. Exploration of WWI archives and digitization of historical documents were paired with application of authorship attribution techniques, following extensive evaluation. To build the training set, we adapted the ‘impostors method’ by grouping three ‘distractor authors’ (similar to Musil in terms of style) and three actual candidates for authorship. In the test set, we developed two designs for tackling the issue of text length: a combinatory design, where longer chunks were composed by the juxtaposition of short texts; a simplified design, where the texts for attribution were merged with already attributed texts. Results of our experiment suggest that Musil attribution may be disproved with a high level of confidence for ten texts that were more probably written by a less well-known author, Albert Ritter. We carried out a keyness analysis on the specific words preferred or avoided by the two authors, which not only corroborated the results of the quantitative analysis but also findings from Musil philology. Our study showcases the potentialities of using mixed methods in stylometry.
Deep repeat resolution—the assembly of the Drosophila Histone Complex
Authors: Bongartz Philipp , Schloissnig Siegfried 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThough the advent of long-read sequencing technologies has led to a leap in contiguity of de novo genome assemblies, current reference genomes of higher organisms still do not provide unbroken sequences of complete chromosomes. Despite reads in excess of 30 000 base pairs, there are still repetitive structures that cannot be resolved by current state-of-the-art assemblers. The most challenging of these structures are tandemly arrayed repeats, which occur in the genomes of all eukaryotes. Untangling tandem repeat clusters is exceptionally difficult, since the rare differences between repeat copies are obscured by the high error rate of long reads. Solving this problem would constitute a major step towards computing fully assembled genomes. Here, we demonstrate by example of the Drosophila Histone Complex that via machine learning algorithms, it is possible to exploit the underlying distinguishing patterns of single nucleotide variants of repeats from very noisy data to resolve a large and highly conserved repeat cluster. The ideas explored in this paper are a first step towards the automated assembly of complex repeat structures and promise to be applicable to a wide range of eukaryotic genomes.
Early Onset Scoliosis: Is there an Improvement in Quality of Life With Conversion From Traditional Growing Rods to Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods?
Authors: Bauer Jennifer M. , Yorgova Petya , Neiss Geraldine , Rogers Kenneth , Sturm Peter F. , Sponseller Paul D. , Luhmann Scott , Pawelek Jeff B. , Shah Suken A. 
Published: November 2018

Background:Modern treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) includes implantation of traditional growing rods (TGR) or magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) for posterior-based distraction if nonoperative treatment plans failed. The recent MCGR innovation has largely been expected to improve patient and family burden by avoiding frequent return to the operating room. At least one study has shown no HRQoL difference between TGR and MCGR, but none have specifically investigated a cohort of conversion patients whose families have experienced both.Methods:An EOS database was queried for all patients treated with TGR, MCGR, and those converted from TGR to MCGR who had at least 1 pretreatment and 1 posttreatment HRQoL assessment (EOSQ-24). Data on demographics, diagnoses, and major curve size, as well as EOSQ-24 domain scores were studied.Results:There were 156 TGR, 114 MCGR, and 32 conversion patients, with an average of 2.0 years between first and final EOSQ-24 surveys. There was no significant difference in outcome in any EOSQ-24 domain between the converts and the other 2 treatment groups. There was a significant post-op improvement in MCGR versus TGR in transfers and energy level (P=0.01;P=0.01).Conclusions:Although patient families and their surgeons may subjectively report improved HRQoL after conversion from TGR lengthenings to in-office MCGR lengthenings, these improvements were seen in transfer and fatigue domains, not burden or satisfaction. Although the EOSQ-24 is a well-validated EOS metric, it may not be sensitive enough to overcome the QoL floor-effect associated with the diagnosis itself, or perhaps the improvement in QoL must be assessed over a longer interval to assess meaningful change.Level of Evidence:Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Melatonin Attenuates Cardiac Reperfusion Stress by Improving OPA1-Related Mitochondrial Fusion in a Yap–Hippo Pathway–Dependent Manner
Authors: Ma Shuxian , Dong Zhenming 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:
The role of OPA1-related mitochondrial fusion in cardiac reperfusion stress has remained elusive. The aim of our study is to explore whether melatonin alleviates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by modulating OPA1-related mitochondrial fusion. We found that melatonin reduced infarct area, sustained myocardial function, and suppressed cardiomyocyte death during cardiac reperfusion stress. Biological studies have revealed that IR-inhibited mitochondrial fusion was largely reversed by melatonin through upregulated OPA1 expression. Knocking down OPA1 abrogated the protective effects of melatonin on mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitochondrial apoptosis. In addition, we also found that melatonin modified OPA1 expression through the Yap–Hippo pathway; blockade of the Yap–Hippo pathway induced cardiomyocyte death and mitochondrial damage despite treatment with melatonin. Altogether, our data demonstrated that cardiac IR injury is closely associated with defective OPA1-related mitochondrial fusion. Melatonin supplementation enhances OPA1-related mitochondrial fusion by activating the Yap–Hippo pathway, ultimately reducing cardiac reperfusion stress.
Bilateral Ulcerative Keratitis Associated With Afatinib Treatment for Non–Small-cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: McKelvie James , McLintock Cameron , Elalfy Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of afatinib-related bilateral ulcerative keratitis.

Methods:
An 85-year-old female patient on treatment with afatinib for non–small-cell lung carcinoma presented with progressive redness, pain, and decreased vision in both eyes. Four weeks before the onset of symptoms, afatinib therapy had been commenced at a dose of 40 mg, once daily. Clinical examination, OCT imaging, photographs, and corneal scrapes were completed at presentation. Afatinib was discontinued. Topical and oral therapy were commenced to treat ulcerative keratitis with close monitoring for signs of progression or corneal perforation.

Results:
Significant stromal thinning was detected in the inferior cornea of both eyes with an overlying epithelial defect and no infiltrate. No organisms were identified from the corneal scrapes. The patient responded well to treatment, and her vision returned to baseline 4 months after presentation.

Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature that reports afatinib-related ulcerative keratitis. Careful monitoring for signs of ocular adverse events is recommended during treatment with afatinib for non–small-cell lung carcinoma.
Pertussis Morbidity in Children 12–59 Months of Age
Authors: Staff Michael , Nyinawingeri Adelaide , Denniss Kathy , Ingleton Andrew , Jelfs Jane , Corben Paul 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Pertussis continues to be a significant public health problem despite high levels of vaccination. Although hospitalizations and deaths among children greater than 12 months of age are much less frequent than among infants less than 6 months of age, only limited information is available for this age group on other measures of morbidity.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with a 6-week follow-up component was conducted in New South Wales, Australia in 2017 to measure morbidity among children 12–59 months of age notified to health authorities. Measures used included cough duration, cough severity, constitutional symptoms and impacts on the family. Associations between these outcomes and age group, vaccination status, asthma, treatment and family structure were explored.

Results:
Three hundred and five of 472 (65%) notified cases were interviewed at baseline with approximately 20% having a severe cough with no trend in prevalence across age groups. Forty-eight percent of cases had experienced 3 or more constitutional symptoms with rates significantly higher among younger children. Children who had received an 18-month booster vaccination were significantly less likely to experience 3 or more constitutional symptoms (odds ratio: 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.97). Fifty-one percent of cases were still coughing at 6 weeks. One-third of carers initially reported having disrupted sleep 4 or more nights per week with substantial disruption to carers’ sleep still recorded at 6 weeks.

Conclusions:
Substantial morbidity was observed in this age group with some evidence that the reintroduction of an 18-month acellular pertussis booster lessened disease severity.