bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allele frequencies and genotype distribution of three metformin transporter polymorphisms in Mexican population and their application in pharmacogenomics of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chávez-Arreola Oscar I. , Lazalde Brissia , López-López Marisol , Ortega-Vázquez Alberto , Torres-Salazar Quitzia L. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundMetformin is the first-line antidiabetic therapy for type 2 diabetes in Mexico, despite recent recommendations highlighting alternatives like GLP-1 receptor agonists for individuals with obesity. Metformin elimination is reliant on liver and kidney function, and variants in transport proteins such as Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 (MATE1), MATE2, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2) can influence its pharmacokinetics. Understanding these variants’ frequencies in the Mexican population is crucial for tailoring personalized treatment strategies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the genotypic and allelic frequencies of key variants in metformin transporters within a Mexican population, addressing the interindividual variability in drug response.MethodologyGenetic analysis was conducted on 101 healthy, unrelated Mexican subjects who were genotyped for the MATE1, MATE2, and OCT2 variants using allele-specific real-time PCR assays.ResultsThe allele frequencies were 0.07 for OCT2, 0.23 for MATE1, and 0.67 for MATE2. The g.–66T→C variant was found only in wild-type and heterozygous forms. Comparative analysis indicated significant differences in allele frequencies between this Mexican population and other ethnic groups, highlighting potential implications for metformin efficacy and safety.ConclusionThis study provides crucial insights into the genetic variability of metformin transporter genes in a Mexican population, offering a foundation for personalized therapeutic approaches in type 2 diabetes management.
Efficacy of different traditional Chinese medicine decoctions in the treatment of ischemic stroke: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Ning Baicheng , Zhu Xiaoting , Wu Xiaodong , Zhu Weiyao , Wang Runze , Qi Chang , Li Mingquan 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveCurrently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its combinations are widely used in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke. However, current studies should mainly focus on the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicines alone. This paper will employ a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of different TCM decoctions in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsChinese and English databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of TCM decoctions in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke (IS), with a search time frame until April 2024. A library of references was created using EndNote 21. Quality assessment was performed using the Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). A Bayesian network meta-analysis of data was performed using R4.3.1 and STATA 15.0.ResultsA network meta-analysis was conducted on 119 randomized controlled trials including 12,137 IS patients. The following TCM decoctions were involved: Xinglou Chengqi Decoction (XLCQT), Shenqi Tongluo Decoction (SQTLF), Zhongfeng Jiuxian Decoction (ZFJXT), Yiqi Tongluo Decoction (YQTLT), Tongqiao Huoxue Tang (TQHXT), Tongluo Xifeng Decoction (TLXFT), Tongluo Fuzheng Decoction (TLFZT), Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYT), Xiaoxuming Decoction (XXMT), Qufeng Xingxue Tongluo Formula (QFXXTLF), Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (BXBZTMT), Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT),Huatan Tongluo Decoction (HTTLT), Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Decoction (YQHXTLT), Yiqi Huoxue Decoction (YQHXT), and Yiqi Huoxue Kaiqiao Prescription (YQHXKQP). Of them, XFZYT was most effective in reducing the NIHSS score; SQTLF was most effective in increasing the Barthel Index (BI) score; and HTTLT was most effective in improving activities of daily living (ADL).ConclusionThis network meta-analysis provided data on the relative efficacy of different TCM decoctions. Of them, XFZYT was most effective in reducing the NIHSS score; SQTLF was most effective in increasing the BI score; and HTTLT was most effective in improving the ADL score. At the same time, overall, XFZYT ranked first with its best efficacy regarding all the three outcome measures above, and SQTLF came second with its impact on two of the outcome measures.
Systematic observation of participatory interaction in university lectures: a multiple case study with a mixed methods approach
Authors: Tronchoni Héctor , Izquierdo Conrad , Anguera M. Teresa 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionIn order to improve and innovate the face-to-face instructional task in postgraduate and doctoral university teaching encompasses different formats of participatory interaction (PI), considered to be social medium facilitators of deep learning, including the development of autonomous expert activity. The purpose of this article is to establish the use of systematic observation and lag sequential analysis as a conceptual-methodological choice to base the review of social-constructivist instructional practice that is taught in an expository format prepared by the teacher.MethodThe systematic observation of the expert’s expository session from its inception to its conclusion was approached from a mixed methods perspective as a subject of multiple case studies. A total of four postgraduate teachers were selected. A purpose-built observational instrument was constructed. The data quality was evaluated with intra-observer agreement tests by calculating Cohen’s kappa coefficient (k). After the data matrices for each case were obtained, all possible file aggregations of the data were performed to detect the existence of common structures in the patterns through lag sequential analysis.ResultsThe sequential patterns of replicated and common lags of the multiple cases describe the chaining of the observed events, which characterizes the participatory interaction. Twelve lag sequential patterns have been identified that function as dialogical links, generated by the probability that the category “question” is linked to the conditioned events of “speech direction” and “exchange orientation.”DiscussionHaving constructed a theoretical interpretative scheme of the replicated patterns, we discuss the results. First, the significant results of the lag sequential analysis as examples of basic patterns extracted from their way of conducting expert expository sessions. As such, they can be reviewed with the formative purpose of reflecting on their potential for change when they are understood as dialogical links of participatory interaction committed to deep learning and the development of expert autonomy. Second, there is a training step consisting of the use of self-observation and the observation that teachers can make of the expert expository task. Finally, we conclude that non-intrusive systematic observation is a good choice when channeling the gradual and renewed improvement of participatory interaction with an expert expository format (§EF) and a mixed methods methodology.
Dimension-based retro-cue benefit in working memory does not require unfocused dimension removal
Authors: Liu Ruyi , Guo Lijing , Lin Xiaoshu , Nie Dan , Astikainen Piia , Ye Chaoxiong 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionWithin the maintenance phase of visual working memory (VWM), previous researchers presented retro-cues orienting to a probed dimension across all multidimension stimuli and found a robust dimension-based retro-cue benefit (RCB): VWM performance for cued dimension was better than no/neutral-cue baseline. This improvement is often attributed to the prioritization of information related to the focused dimension and the removal of information related to the unfocused dimension from VWM. However, it remains unclear whether the removal of the uncued dimension is necessary to observe this dimension-based RCB.MethodsIn the current study, we first manipulated the number of retro-cues to investigate this question. We used colored, oriented bars as stimuli and two sequential retro-cues oriented to different dimensions in the double-cue condition. The last presented cue in each trial was always valid. Therefore, the unfocused dimension in the first cue display was probed in double-cue trials. Experiment 1 adopted change detection tasks and three cue type conditions (no-cue, single-cue, double-cue). Experiment 2 divided the single-cue condition into early- and late- cue conditions, using recall tasks to elevated probe precision. Experiment 3 further added double-neutral and double-same cue types and eliminated the different influences of post-memory masks on each dimension respectively.ResultsResults across these experiments showed a robust pattern of no worse performances for the double-cue condition than for the single-cue condition.DiscussionBecause the dimension-based single cue benefit was observed especially in early-cue trials, we supposed that the dimension-based RCB does not require removing the unfocused dimension from VWM.
Mood states of active and insufficiently active adolescents related to sleep quality, gender, academic performance and guidelines for the post-COVID-19 scenario
Authors: Andrade Alexandro , D’Oliveira Anderson , dos Santos Keyla Mara , Falese Lavinia , Mancone Stefania , Diotaiuti Pierluigi , Stabile Luca , Buonanno Giorgio 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of physical activity on the mood states of active and insufficiently active Italian adolescents and the relationships with sleep quality, sex, and academic performance, analyzing guidelines for the post-COVID-19 scenario.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study. Data collection was carried out through an electronic questionnaire via Google Forms. Adolescent students from schools in the Lazio region, Italy, were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 437 Italian adolescents were included, with a mean age of 15.9 ± 1.37 years. The average time of exercise reported by the students was 277 min per week. Physical activity appears to be positively correlated with improved mood states, particularly in adolescents who engage in 150 min or more of physical activity per week, who exhibited notably higher levels of vigor. It was found that female adolescents presented a worse mood state, greater tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and mental confusion, and worse vigor when compared to boys and that adolescents who had poor sleep quality presented significantly worse mood state. Adolescents with an insufficient perception of academic performance demonstrated a significantly worse mood state, tension, depression, anger, and mental confusion, with a submerged mood profile when compared to adolescents who perceived themselves as excellent, with an iceberg profile. In the regression analysis, it was found that for each minute of physical activity practiced, the score in the state of vigor of the adolescents increased by 0.02 and mental confusion decreased by 0.002.ConclusionFrom the present findings, we conclude that recommendations on PA practices for adolescents should be strengthened, as a way to mitigate possible damage to mood states, especially in the post-COVID-19 scenario. Future studies need to deepen the relationships between the mental health, sex, and academic performance of adolescents to strengthen positive mood states and elucidate information on the type, intensity, and dosage of physical activity to achieve mood benefits.
Rural-urban disparities in basic sanitation access among households: a multivariable decomposition analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2019
Authors: Keleb Awoke , Daba Chala , Endawkie Abel , Asmare Lakew , Bayou Fekade Demeke , Abeje Eyob Tilahun , Ayres Aznamariam , Mohammed Anissa , Kebede Natnael , Abera Kaleab Mesfin , Mekonen Asnakew Molla , Gebeyehu Endalkachew Mesfin , Kebede Shimels Derso , Enyew Ermias Bekele , Arefaynie Mastewal , Tareke Abiyu Abadi , Tsega Yawkal 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionDisparities in access to basic sanitation services between rural and urban households pose significant challenges to public health and human development. Understanding the determinants contributing to this gap is vital for advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and improving environmental and public health through evidence-based interventions.ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze and understand the disparities in access to basic sanitation services between rural and urban households in Ethiopia.MethodsThis study analyzed a sample of 8,663 weighted households, collected using stratified sampling techniques, utilizing the data from the 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The primary outcome was basic sanitation access, defined as access to flush or pour-flush systems, septic tanks, pit latrines, or composting toilets. A multivariable decomposition analysis was conducted to identify factors contributing to rural–urban disparities. Statistically significant variables were determined at a p-value of &lt;0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe weighted proportion of basic sanitation access in Ethiopia was 13.78% (95% CI, 12.67–14.96), with significant disparities between rural (6.02%) and urban (27.15%) residents. Endowment factors accounted for 78.9% of this disparity, while behavioral coefficients contributed 22.1%. If the characteristics of respondents in rural and urban households had been similar, significant factors that would have narrowed the gap included the age of the household head (15–35 years), the absence of under-five children, smaller family size, and the attainment of secondary education, reducing the gap by 1.83, 2.07, 5.08, and 3.25%, respectively. Conversely, illiteracy and primary education levels widened the gap between rural and urban access to basic sanitation services by 16.85 and 0.23%, respectively. Additional factors exacerbating the rural–urban disparity included poverty (which widened the gap by 58.71%), residence in pastoralist regions (which widened the gap by 10.10%) or agrarian regions (which widened the gap by 7.03%), and access to water sources located more than 30 min away (which widened the gap by 7.91%).ConclusionSignificant disparities in access to basic sanitation services exist between rural and urban households in Ethiopia. Key factors contributing to these disparities include the age of the household head, education level, family size, region of residence, and water source proximity. Addressing these factors is essential for improving sanitation access and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Association between sleep quality and cognitive impairment in older adults hypertensive patients in China: a case–control study
Authors: Lv Shunxin , Jiao Huachen , Zhong Xia , Qu Ying , Zhang Mengdi , Wang Rui , Liu Donghai 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have found that poor sleep quality promotes the occurrence of cognitive impairment (CI), but this relationship has been rarely reported in older adults hypertensive patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and CI in older adults hypertensive patients and the mediating effect of sleep quality between physical activity (PA) and CI.MethodsA total of 2072 older adults hypertensive patients were included in this case–control study. Five hundred and eighteen older adults hypertensive patients with CI were matched 1:3 by age and sex to 1,554 older adults hypertensive patients with normal cognitive function. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Mini-Mental State Examination were used to evaluate PA intensity, sleep quality, and cognitive function in older adults hypertensive patients. Multivariate logistic regression and the mediation package in R Language were used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and CI and the mediating effect of sleep quality between PA intensity and CI in older adults hypertensive patients.ResultsAfter adjusting for all confounding factors, sleep quality was positively correlated with CI in older adults hypertensive patients (OR = 2.565, 95%CI: 1.958–3.360, p &lt; 0.001), and this relationship also existed in the older adults hypertensive patients with education levels of primary school and below and junior high school and above (OR = 2.468, 95%CI: 1.754–3.473, p &lt; 0.001; OR = 2.385, 95%CI: 1.367–4.161, p = 0.002). In addition, sleep quality mediated part of the mediating effect between PA intensity and CI in older adults hypertensive patients (Za*Zb: - 17.19339; 95%CI: −0.37312, −0.04194).ConclusionPoor sleep quality was associated with the occurrence of CI in older adults hypertensive patients, and this relationship also existed in older adults hypertensive patients with education levels of primary school and below and junior high school and above.
Development of a machine learning tool to predict the risk of incident chronic kidney disease using health examination data
Authors: Yoshizaki Yuki , Kato Kiminori , Fujihara Kazuya , Sone Hirohito , Akazawa Kohei 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a decreased glomerular filtration rate or renal injury (especially proteinuria) for at least 3 months. The early detection and treatment of CKD, a major global public health concern, before the onset of symptoms is important. This study aimed to develop machine learning models to predict the risk of developing CKD within 1 and 5 years using health examination data.MethodsData were collected from patients who underwent annual health examinations between 2017 and 2022. Among the 30,273 participants included in the study, 1,372 had CKD. Demographic characteristics, body mass index, blood pressure, blood and urine test results, and questionnaire responses were used to predict the risk of CKD development at 1 and 5 years. This study examined three outcomes: incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, the development of proteinuria, and incident eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the development of proteinuria. Logistic regression (LR), conditional logistic regression, neural network, and recurrent neural network were used to develop the prediction models.ResultsAll models had predictive values, sensitivities, and specificities &gt;0.8 for predicting the onset of CKD in 1 year when the outcome was eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was &gt;0.9. With LR and a neural network, the specificities were 0.749 and 0.739 and AUROCs were 0.889 and 0.890, respectively, for predicting onset within 5 years. The AUROCs of most models were approximately 0.65 when the outcome was eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria. The predictive performance of all models exhibited a significant decrease when eGFR was not included as an explanatory variable (AUROCs: 0.498–0.732).ConclusionMachine learning models can predict the risk of CKD, and eGFR plays a crucial role in predicting the onset of CKD. However, it is difficult to predict the onset of proteinuria based solely on health examination data. Further studies must be conducted to predict the decline in eGFR and increase in urine protein levels.
Peri-Interventional Hemodynamic Management Strategies for Percutaneous Chemosaturation of the Liver in Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Rehn Patrick , Tan Benjamin , Turra Jan , Adler Patrick , Mayer Philipp , Fischer Dania , Fiedler-Kalenka Mascha O. , Schmitt Felix C. F. , Chang De-Hua , Lichtenstern Christoph , Wielpütz Mark O. , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Weigand Markus A. , Dietrich Maximilian 
Published: November 2024

Background: Hepatic chemosaturation for inoperable liver tumors is a palliative treatment option with a beneficial effect on survival. However, the procedure regularly leads to circulatory failure during the filtration phase, and hemodynamic management is challenging. Our study aimed to compare two different strategies for hemodynamic management during chemosaturation to develop hypotheses for improving patient care and reducing peri-interventional morbidity. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study including 66 procedures of chemosaturation between May 2016 and March 2024. Procedures were divided into two groups: group 1 was managed with norepinephrine as the only vasopressor and liberal use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES). Group 2 was managed with norepinephrine and vasopressin and the preferred use of balanced crystalloids. We compared these two groups with respect to hemodynamic parameters, laboratory values, and post-interventional complications. Results: The heart rate was highest and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowest during the filtration phase in both groups (p = 0.868, p = 0.270). The vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) was significantly higher in group 2 during the filtration phase (31.5 vs. 89, p < 0.001). Group 1 received significantly more HES overall (1000 mL vs. 0 mL, p < 0.001). Lactate levels at admission to the ICU were higher in group 1 (22.9 vs. 14.45 mg/dL, p = 0.041). Platelet counts were lower in group 2 from directly after chemosaturation through day 2 (p = 0.022, p = 0.001, p = 0.032). The INR differed significantly directly after chemosaturation (1.13 vs. 1.26, p = 0.015). Overall, group 1 received significantly more blood products peri-interventionally. There were two bleedings and one ischemic stroke in the overall cohort. There was no peri-interventional mortality. Conclusions: Advanced hemodynamic management ensures low peri-interventional mortality and morbidity. High-dose vasopressors, including vasopressin and the preferred use of balanced crystalloids, are sufficient to stabilize circulatory function during chemosaturation.
Oral Toxicity and Hypotensive Influence of Sericin-Derived Oligopeptides (SDOs) from Yellow Silk Cocoons of Bombyx mori in Rodent Studies
Authors: Tocharus Chainarong , Prum Virakboth , Sutheerawattananonda Manote 
Published: November 2024

Sericin-derived oligopeptides (SDOs) from yellow silk cocoons exhibit antihypertensive and hypoglycemic properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This study investigated the acute toxicity of SDOs as a novel food for human consumption using female ICR mice and Wistar rats, as well as the chronic toxicity test on both sexes of Wistar rats. Clinical chemistry, hematology, and histopathological studies revealed that SDOs were safe for a single dose of 2000 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) and daily oral administration of 50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1 BW for six months. The chronic toxicity study additionally measured the rats’ systolic blood pressure (SBP) and blood sugar monthly as they slowly aged. In the 2nd month for male rats and the 4th month for both sexes, SDOs had a significant hypotensive effect on Wistar rats’ blood pressure, lowering it from 130 mmHg to a plateau at 110–115 mmHg. In contrast, the blood pressure of the control rats exceeded 140 mmHg after five months. Nonetheless, the hypoglycemic effect was not observed. Measurements of SBP and blood glucose in aged rats during chronic toxicity tests yielded insights beyond ordinary toxicity, including the health and fitness of the lab rats, perhaps resulting in novel discoveries or areas of study that justify the sacrifice of the animals’ lives.