bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High correlation between species‐level environmental data estimates extracted from IUCN expert range maps and from GBIF occurrence data
Authors: Alhajeri Bader H. , Fourcade Yoan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) expert range maps and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) species occurrence data are commonly used to estimate species’ geographic range. Macroecological studies often cross‐reference geographic range data with a climate dataset, to extract the mean environmental conditions encountered by a species within its geographic range. We aimed to assess the consistency of the environmental data estimates derived from IUCN versus GBIF geographic range data, and to test whether such differences may affect estimates of ecogeographical relationships, such as Bergmann's rule.LocationWorldwide.Time periodAround 2000.TaxaRodents (Rodentia).MethodsWe first assessed the correlation between environmental data estimates (19 bioclimatic variables and elevation) derived from IUCN versus GBIF geographic range data of 1,315 rodent species, comparing how range size, conservation status, habitat, zoogeographic realm or elevation changed these correlations. Then, we compared the association between body mass and climate (mean temperature and precipitation) when the latter are derived from IUCN or GBIF data.ResultsThere was high correlation between environmental data estimates derived from IUCN versus GBIF data, especially when excluding GBIF occurrences outside of IUCN polygons. Species’ characteristics, or using the mean or median, did not change the consistency between estimates. Overall, GBIF occurrence data and IUCN range maps produced similar patterns of body mass—climate correlations.Main conclusionsAt the large spatial and taxonomic scale employed in this study, there does not seem to be any considerable differences in the average environmental data estimates derived from IUCN versus GBIF geographic range data. This result indicates that both sources of geographic range data could be used independently or in concert for macroecological inferences that involve summarizing species’ niches by a single estimate of the average of their used environments.
Vocal fold medialization—A 5‐year series of single surgeon consecutive medialization with review of literature
Authors: Nassimizadeh Abdul , El‐Shummar Suliman , Emery Katrina , Costello Declan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionENT UK released guidelines in 2010 detailing the requisite structure for the creation of a laryngeal intervention clinic. The senior author's practice is the only one regionally that offers this service, and our objective was to review this to determine whether vocal cord medialization injections were showing an improvement in quality of voice for patients.Materials and methodsPatients were reviewed in a specialist voice clinic prior to being offered vocal cord injection under local anaesthetic in a separate dedicated weekly clinic. They would be assessed by the senior author and a dedicated voice specialist speech and language therapist (SALT). This would include a preinjection grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain (GRBAS), Voice Handicap Index (VHI)‐10, and the measuring of maximum phonation time (MPT) with the aid of Opera Vox Apple iPad application.ResultsData were available for 186 injections, on patients with a median age of 66 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 51‐75), of whom 61% were male. VHI‐10 score improved significantly, from a mean of 26.7 to 12.5 (P < .001). A significant improvement in MPT was also observed, from a median of 3.0 to 6.3 (N = 66, P < .001). Improvements in all components of the GRBAS score were also observed (all P < .001), with between 43% and 88% of cases reporting reductions after the procedure.Patients receiving a repeat procedure saw a significantly smaller improvement in VHI‐10 than those where it was the primary treatment (mean reduction: 9.8 vs 15.5, P = .018).Analysis of MPT found a significant correlation between the quantity of injection material used and the degree of improvement observed (rho = 0.355, P = .004).ConclusionVocal Cord local anaesthetic medialization injection is a swift, safe, and effective short‐term method of improving dysphonia.
Outcome of elective switching to vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease patients under tumor necrosis factor antagonist‐maintained clinical remission
Authors: Wang Yunwei , Wang Jennifer , Pekow Joel , Dalal Sushila , Cohen Russell D , Ollech Jacob , Israel Amanda , Shogan Benjamin D , Micic Dejan , Cannon Lisa , Umanskiy Konstantin , Hurst Roger , Hyman Neil , Rubin David T , Sakuraba Atsushi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimVedolizumab (VDZ) has been used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who failed anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. This study was to examine long‐term outcome of IBD patients switching to VDZ from anti‐TNF agents for reasons other than failure of therapy.MethodsInflammatory bowel disease patients at the University of Chicago IBD center who were in clinical remission with anti‐TNF therapy and then electively changed to VDZ due to reasons other than loss of response were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was the durability of clinical remission maintained by VDZ as assessed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The proportion of patients in clinical and endoscopic remission at 6–12 months after switching to VDZ therapy was analyzed.ResultsA total of 41 patients (36 with Crohn's disease and 5 with ulcerative colitis) met the inclusion criteria and were in clinical remission at the time of switch. The majority of patients switched therapy due to adverse effects (56.1%) or infections (14.6%). During a median duration of 30 months (range 7–52) of VDZ therapy, 34 (82.9%) were in VDZ‐maintained clinical remission. One (2.4%) and four (9.8%) patients discontinued VDZ due to flare and adverse effects, respectively. Endoscopic remission was present in 25 of 30 patients (83.3%) who had a follow‐up colonoscopy.ConclusionsVedolizumab was effective and safe in maintaining remission in IBD patients who switched from anti‐TNF agents due to reasons other than failure of therapy. Our results suggest that switching anti‐TNF remitters to VDZ treatment is a safe practice in specific patient populations.
Rhythm processing in cochlear implant−mediated music perception
Authors: Jiam Nicole T. , Limb Charles J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCochlear implants (CIs) are biomedical devices that provide sound to people with severe‐to‐profound hearing loss by direct electrical stimulation of auditory neurons in the cochlea. Despite the remarkable achievements with respect to speech perception in quiet environments, music perception with CIs remains generally poor due to the degradation of auditory input. Prior studies have shown that both pitch perception and timbre discrimination are poor in CI users, whereas the performance on rhythmic tasks is nearly equivalent to normal hearing participants. There are several caveats, however, to this generalization regarding rhythm processing for CI users. The purpose of this article is to summarize the literature on rhythmic perception for CI users while highlighting important limitations within these studies. We will also identify areas for future research and development of CI‐mediated music processing. It is likely that rhythm processing will continue to advance as our understanding of electrical current delivery to the auditory nerve improves.
Genetic analysis of photosynthesis‐related traits in faba bean (Vicia faba) for crop improvement
Authors: Khazaei Hamid , Wach Damian , Pecio Alicja , Vandenberg Albert , Stoddard Frederick L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIncreasing productivity through improvement of photosynthesis in faba bean breeding programmes requires understanding of the genetic control of photosynthesis‐related traits. Hence, we investigated the gene action of leaf area, gas exchange traits, canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and biomass. We chose inbred lines derived from cultivars 'Aurora' (Sweden) and 'Mélodie' (France) along with an Andean accession, ILB 938, crossed them (Aurora/2 × Mélodie/2, ILB 938/2 × Aurora/2 and Mélodie/2 × ILB 938/2), and prepared the six standard generations for quantitative analysis (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, and B2). Gene action was complex for each trait, involving additive and dominance gene actions and interactions. Additive gene action was important for SPAD, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm. Dominance effect was important for biomass production. It is suggested that breeders selecting for productivity can maximize genetic gain by selecting early generations for canopy temperature, SPAD and Fv/Fm, then later generations for biomass. The information on genetics of various contributing traits of photosynthesis will assist plant breeders in choosing an appropriate breeding strategy for enhancing productivity in faba bean.
Prospective study on changes in the donor gallbladder contraction function after left lateral lobe hepatectomy
Authors: Wei Lin , Zhi Xin , He Enhui , Qian Linxue , Sun Liying , Zhu Zhijun , Zeng Zhigui , Qu Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of donor gallbladder preservation in liver transplantation. Conventional removal of the donor gallbladder is applied in a majority of pediatric liver transplantation. A total of 42 donors who underwent gallbladder preservation in liver transplantation from October 2013 to December 2015 at the Beijing Friendship Hospital, China, were enrolled for the study. The changes in gallbladder volume and the gallbladder EF of donors before and after surgery were measured through ultrasound, and the changes in the donor gallbladder contraction function before and after surgery were evaluated to help verify the feasibility of gallbladder preservation in living donor left lateral lobe hepatectomy. The gallbladder emptying index dropped to 42.67% in 2 weeks after surgery and gradually increased with the length of recovery time, which could reach 69.14% in 3 months after surgery. At that time, 97.6% of the donors were considered to have recovered their gallbladder contraction function. The gallbladder contraction function at an early stage after gallbladder preservation in liver transplantation is not obviously improved, but it can recover to a normal level in 1 month after surgery, indicating that the gallbladder preservation in hepatectomy of living donor can effectively guarantee the gallbladder contraction function.
Risk–Risk Tradeoff Analysis of Nuclear Explosives for Asteroid Deflection
Authors: Baum Seth D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo prevent catastrophic asteroid–Earth collisions, it has been proposed to use nuclear explosives to deflect away earthbound asteroids. However, this policy of nuclear deflection could inadvertently increase the risk of nuclear war and other violent conflict. This article conducts risk–risk tradeoff analysis to assess whether nuclear deflection results in a net increase or decrease in risk. Assuming nonnuclear deflection options are also used, nuclear deflection may only be needed for the largest and most imminent asteroid collisions. These are low‐frequency, high‐severity events. The effect of nuclear deflection on violent conflict risk is more ambiguous due to the complex and dynamic social factors at play. Indeed, it is not clear whether nuclear deflection would cause a net increase or decrease in violent conflict risk. Similarly, this article cannot reach a precise conclusion on the overall risk–risk tradeoff. The value of this article comes less from specific quantitative conclusions and more from providing an analytical framework and a better overall understanding of the policy decision. The article demonstrates the importance of integrated analysis of global risks and the policies to address them, as well as the challenge of quantitative evaluation of complex social processes such as violent conflict.
Resonances in bounded media: Nonlinear and boundary effects
Authors: Shatnawi Taqi A. M. , Amundsen David E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe study the response of nonlinear wave systems in bounded domains at or near resonance. There are typically two qualitatively distinct types of response which may be observed relating to whether or not higher harmonics are themselves resonant. We introduce a variety of nonlinear model problems at or near resonance and study the subsequent response. We explain how the features of this problem such as the form of nonlinearity, boundary conditions, and the nature of spectrum play a fundamental role in the qualitative nature of the response. Numerical simulations are carried out to provide further explanation and comparison with analytic approximations. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the impact and interplay between nonlinear and boundary effects and thus in turn will contribute to providing new insights into various physically motivated problems in acoustics and other settings.
Path segmentation for movement trajectories with irregular sampling frequency using space‐time interpolation and density‐based spatial clustering
Authors: Song Ying , Song Tianci , Kuang Rui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPath segmentation methods have been developed to distinguish stops and moves along movement trajectories. However, most studies do not focus on handling irregular sampling frequency of the movement data. This article proposes a four‐step method to handle various time intervals between two consecutive records, including parameter setting, space‐time interpolation, density‐based spatial clustering, and integrating the geographic context. The article uses GPS tracking data provided by HOURCAR, a non‐profit car‐sharing service in Minnesota, as a case study to demonstrate our method and present the results. We also implement the DB‐SMoT algorithm as a comparison. The results show that our four‐step method can handle various time intervals between consecutive records, group consecutive stops close to each other, and distinguish different types of stops and their inferred activities. These results can provide novel insights into car‐sharing behaviors such as trip purposes and activity scheduling.
Delayed calcareous nannoplankton boom-bust successions in the earliest Paleocene Chicxulub (Mexico) impact crater
Authors: Jones Heather L. , Lowery Christopher M. , Bralower Timothy J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg; 66 Ma) mass extinction was caused by a bolide impact on the Yucatán platform near modern Chicxulub, Mexico. Calcareous nannoplankton, a dominant group of primary producers, were almost eradicated at this time. Post-impact nannoplankton assemblages from Northern Hemisphere sites were characterized by a short-lived series of high-dominance, low-diversity acmes (“boom-bust” successions), which likely represent an unstable post-impact environment. Although these boom-bust successions are a global signal, the mechanisms that controlled the taxonomic switchovers between acmes are currently unknown. Here, we present detailed analyses of calcareous nannoplankton and planktic foraminiferal assemblages in a new K-Pg section from the peak ring of the Chicxulub crater. We show that although nannoplankton assemblages resemble the typical series of acmes at Tethyan sites, the termination of the “disaster” acme in the crater is delayed by at least 500 k.y. The coincidence between shifts in the dominant planktic foraminiferal trophic group and switchovers in nannoplankton boom-bust taxa suggests that this series of acmes may represent a gradual trend toward oligotrophy driven by the global restoration of biological pump efficiency. Thus, the global diachroneity of boom-bust successions likely reflects the differential pacing of biological pump restoration between oceanic basins and settings.
Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of tobacco-associated diseases and how it is influenced by tobacco products advertisement, promotion and sponsorship while enforcing a strong and comprehensive ban in Panama: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Quintana Hedley Knewjen , Herrera Víctor , Niño Cecilio , Gómez Beatriz , Roa Reina 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesAssessing the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) of tobacco-associated diseases, and how it is influenced by tobacco products' advertisement, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) while enforcing a strong and comprehensive ban.DesignThe Panamanian implementation of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey: an international standardised cross-sectional survey study.SettingNational Panamanian population aged between 15 years and 29 years old.ParticipantsThere were 4796 responding participants (n=905 830 in the expanded sample).Primary and secondary outcomesAn index was developed using factorial analysis using TAPS and KAP variables. The primary outcomes were: (1) The national median index value. (2) The index value stratified by sex, age, occupation, income quintile and geographical areas. (3) The first and second factor loadings (FFL and SFL, respectively) for variables included in the KAP index.ResultsFifteen out of the 16 variables comprising the index were variables related to KAP and one variable was related to TAPS. The top three variables according to their FFL were ‘KAP that cigarette is associated to …’: (1) ‘… bladder cancer’. (2) ‘… breast cancer’. (3) ‘… stomach cancer’. The top three variables according to the SFL were ‘KAP that cigarette is associated to …’: (1)‘… chronic bronchitis’. (2) ‘… myocardial infarction’. (3) ‘… lung cancer’. Illegal tobacco advertisement in posters was the only TAPS variable included in the index. The national KAP index value was 0.26. Our results show that current smokers, teens, men, people with the lowest income quintile, and those living in Guna Yala Indigenous Territory (health region with the highest smoking prevalence) had a lower median value than the national median.ConclusionsMen, young adults and deprived youth had the lowest median KAP index. Illegal TAPS had no influence on the KAP of tobacco-associated diseases when a strong and comprehensive ban is enforced.
PRIME (Positive Transitions Through the Menopause) Study: a protocol for a mixed-methods study investigating the impact of the menopause on the health and well-being of women living with HIV in England
Authors: Tariq Shema , Burns Fiona M , Gilson Richard , Sabin Caroline 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionAdvances in antiretroviral therapy have transformed HIV into a long-term condition with near-normal life expectancy for those in whom viral replication is well controlled on treatment. This means that age-related events, including menopause, is of increasing importance in the care of people living with HIV. The PRIME (Positive Transitions Through the Menopause) Study aims to explore the impact of the menopause on the health and well-being of women living with HIV (WLHIV).Methods and analysisThe PRIME Study is a multicentre, mixed-methods observational study deploying a multiphase sequential design with explanatory and exploratory phases. Phase 1 comprised three focus group discussions with WLHIV. In phase 2 we aimed to administer questionnaires comprising detailed assessment of menopausal status and symptoms to 1500 WLHIV aged 45–60 attending HIV clinics in England. Phase 3 comprised semistructured interviews with a subsample of phase 2 participants. Ongoing quantitative follow-up of 100 participants is planned between October 2018 and September 2019. Qualitative and quantitative data will be kept analytically distinct and analysed using appropriate methods. We will integrate quantitative and qualitative findings using coding matrices.Ethics and disseminationThe PRIME Study has ethical approval from the South East Coast-Surrey Research Ethics Committee on behalf of all National Health Service (NHS) sites, and approval from University College London Research Ethics Committee for qualitative work conducted in non-NHS sites. In conjunction with the study Expert Advisory Group (which includes WLHIV), we have drafted a dissemination strategy that takes into account a wide range of stakeholders, including patients, policy makers and healthcare providers. This includes at least five empirical research papers to be submitted to peer-reviewed journals, as well as an accessible report aimed primarily at a non-technical audience (published in May 2018 and launched at a live-streamed event). Both quantitative and qualitative data are held by the PRIME Study team and are available by request.
Clitoral surgery on minors: an interview study with clinical experts of differences of sex development
Authors: Liao Lih-Mei , Hegarty Peter , Creighton Sarah , Lundberg Tove , Roen Katrina 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesClitoral surgery on minors diagnosed with differences of sex development is increasingly positioned as a violation of human rights. This qualitative study identified how health professionals (HPs) navigate the contentious issues as they offer care to affected families.DesignQualitative analysis of audio-recorded semistructured interviews with HPs. All of the interviews were transcribed verbatim for theoretical thematic analysis.SettingTwelve specialist multidisciplinary care centres for children, adolescents and adults diagnosed with a genetic condition associated with differences of sex development.ParticipantsThirty-two medical, surgical, psychological and nursing professionals and clinical scientists in 12 specialist centres in Britain and Sweden formed the interview sample.ResultsAll interviewees were aware of the controversial nature of clitoral surgery and perceived themselves and their teams as non-interventionist compared with other teams. Data analyses highlighted four strategies that the interviewees used to navigate their complex tasks: (1) engaging with new thinking, (2) holding on to historical assumptions, (3) reducing the burden of dilemmas and (4) being flexible. In response to recent reports and debates that challenge clitoral surgery on minors, HPs had revised some of their opinions. However, they struggled to reconcile their new knowledge with the incumbent norms in favour of intervention as they counsel care users with variable reactions and expectations. The flexible approach taken may reflect compromise, but the interviewees were often trapped by the contradictory values and assumptions.ConclusionsIf the pathology-based vocabularies and narratives about genital diversity could be modified, and normative assumptions are questioned more often, clinicians may be more adept at integrating their new knowledge into a more coherent model of care to address the psychosocial concerns that genital surgery purports to overcome.