bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic memory of radiotherapy in dermal fibroblasts impairs wound repair capacity in cancer survivors
Authors: Bian Xiaowei , Piipponen Minna , Liu Zhuang , Luo Lihua , Geara Jennifer , Chen Yongjian , Sangsuwan Traimate , Maselli Monica , Diaz Candice , Bain Connor A. , Eenjes Evelien , Genander Maria , Crichton Michael , Cash Jenna L. , Archambault Louis , Haghdoost Siamak , Fradette Julie , Sommar Pehr , Halle Martin , Xu Landén Ning 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT), a common cancer treatment, unintentionally harms surrounding tissues, including the skin, and hinders wound healing years after treatment. This study aims to understand the mechanisms behind these late-onset adverse effects. We compare skin biopsies from previously irradiated (RT+) and non-irradiated (RT−) sites in breast cancer survivors who underwent RT years ago. Here we show that the RT+ skin has compromised healing capacity and fibroblast functions. Using ATAC-seq, we discover altered chromatin landscapes in RT+ fibroblasts, with THBS1 identified as a crucial epigenetically primed wound repair-related gene. This is further confirmed by single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis of human wounds. Notably, fibroblasts in both murine and human post-radiation wound models show heightened and sustained THBS1 expression, impairing fibroblast motility and contractility. Treatment with anti-THBS1 antibodies promotes ex vivo wound closure in RT+ skin from breast cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that fibroblasts retain a long-term radiation memory in the form of epigenetic changes. Targeting this maladaptive epigenetic memory could mitigate RT’s late-onset adverse effects, improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.
Phospho-signaling couples polar asymmetry and proteolysis within a membraneless microdomain in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Ahmed Yasin M. , Brown Logan M. , Varga Krisztina , Bowman Grant R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAsymmetric cell division in bacteria is achieved through cell polarization, where regulatory proteins are directed to specific cell poles. In Caulobacter crescentus, both poles contain a membraneless microdomain, established by the polar assembly hub PopZ, through most of the cell cycle, yet many PopZ clients are unipolar and transiently localized. We find that PopZ’s interaction with the response regulator CpdR is controlled by phosphorylation, via the histidine kinase CckA. Phosphorylated CpdR does not interact with PopZ and is not localized to cell poles. At poles where CckA acts as a phosphatase, dephosphorylated CpdR binds directly with PopZ and subsequently recruits ClpX, substrates, and other members of a protease complex to the cell pole. We also find that co-recruitment of protease components and substrates to polar microdomains enhances their coordinated activity. This study connects phospho-signaling with polar assembly and the activity of a protease that triggers cell cycle progression and cell differentiation.
Arctic freshwater outflow suppressed Nordic Seas overturning and oceanic heat transport during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Ezat Mohamed M. , Fahl Kirsten , Rasmussen Tine L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Last Interglacial period (LIG) was characterized by a long-term Arctic atmospheric warming above the preindustrial level. The LIG thus provides a case study of Arctic feedback mechanisms of the cryosphere-ocean circulation-climate system under warm climatic conditions. Previous studies suggested a delay in the LIG peak warming in the North Atlantic compared to the Southern Ocean and evoked the possibility of southward extension of Arctic sea ice to the southern Norwegian Sea during the early LIG. Here we compile new and published proxy data on past changes in sea ice distribution, sea surface temperature and salinity, deep ocean convection, and meltwater sources based on well-dated records from the Norwegian Sea. Our data suggest that southward outflow of Arctic freshwater supressed Nordic Seas deep-water formation and northward oceanic heat transport during the early LIG. These findings showcase the complex feedback interactions between a warming climate, sea ice, ocean circulation and regional climate.
MatSwarm: trusted swarm transfer learning driven materials computation for secure big data sharing
Authors: Wang Ran , Xu Cheng , Zhang Shuhao , Ye Fangwen , Tang Yusen , Tang Sisui , Zhang Hangning , Du Wendi , Zhang Xiaotong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 necessitates close collaboration among material research institutions to accelerate the development of novel materials. However, multi-institutional cooperation faces significant challenges in protecting sensitive data, leading to data silos. Additionally, the heterogeneous and non-independent and identically distributed (non-i.i.d.) nature of material data hinders model accuracy and generalization in collaborative computing. In this paper, we introduce the framework, built on swarm learning, which integrates federated learning with blockchain technology. features two key innovations: a swarm transfer learning method with a regularization term to enhance the alignment of local model parameters, and the use of Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) with Intel SGX for heightened security. These advancements significantly enhance accuracy, generalization, and ensure data confidentiality throughout the model training and aggregation processes. Implemented within the National Material Data Management and Services (NMDMS) platform, has successfully aggregated over 14 million material data entries from more than thirty research institutions across China. The framework has demonstrated superior accuracy and generalization compared to models trained independently by individual institutions.
N-type and P-type series integrated hydrogel thermoelectric cells for low-grade heat harvesting
Authors: Shen Jiafu , Huang Xi , Dai Yu , Zhang Xiaojin , Xia Fan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLow-grade heat is abundant and ubiquitous, but it is generally discarded due to the lack of cost-effective recovery technologies. Ion thermoelectric cells are an affordable and straightforward approach of converting low-grade heat into usable electricity for sustainable power. Despite their potential, ion thermoelectric cells face challenges such as limited Seebeck coefficient and required series integration. Here, we demonstrate that the N-type and P-type conversion of ion thermoelectric cells can be achieved through the phase transition of temperature-sensitive hydrogel containing the triiodide/iodide redox couple. Through the strong interaction between the hydrophobic region of the hydrogel and triiodide, the hydrophobic side selectively captures triiodide and the hydrophilic side repels triiodide, raising the concentration difference of triiodide and thereby increasing the Seebeck coefficient. Specifically, the Seebeck coefficient of the N-type ion thermoelectric cells is 7.7 mV K−1, and the Seebeck coefficient of P-type ion thermoelectric cells is −6.3 mV K−1 (ΔT = 15 K). By connecting 10 pairs of the N-type and P-type ion thermoelectric cells, we achieve a voltage of 1.8 V and an output power of 85 μW, surpassing the reported triiodide/iodide-based ion thermoelectric cells. Our work proposes a phase transition strategy for the N-P conversion of ion thermoelectric cells, and highlights the prospect of series integrated hydrogel ion thermoelectric cells for low-grade heat harvesting.
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron BA.5 emerging in an immunocompromised long-term infected COVID-19 patient
Authors: Garcia Ignacio , Bråte Jon , Fossum Even , Rohringer Andreas , Moen Line V. , Hungnes Olav , Fjære Olav , Zaragkoulias Kyriakos , Bragstad Karoline 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to a global pandemic, prompting extensive research efforts to understand its molecular biology, transmission dynamics, and pathogenesis. Recombination events have been increasingly recognized as significant contributor to the virus’s diversity and evolution, potentially leading to the emergence of novel strains with altered biological properties. Indeed, recombinant lineages such as the XBB variant and its descendants have subsequently dominated globally. Therefore, continued surveillance and monitoring of viral genome diversity are crucial to identify and understand the emergence and spread of novel strains. Through routine genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Norway, we discovered a SARS-CoV-2 recombination event in a long-term infected immunocompromised COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) patient. A deeper investigation showed several recombination events between two distinct lineages of the virus, namely AY.98.1 and BA.5, that resulted in a single novel recombinant viral strain with a unique genetic signature. Our data is consistent with the presence of several concomitant recombinants in the patient, suggesting that these events occur frequently in vivo. This study underscores the importance of continued tracking of viral diversity and the potential impact of recombination events on the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Optimizing data transmission in 6G software defined networks using deep reinforcement learning for next generation of virtual environments
Authors: Naguib Khaled Mohamed , Ibrahim Ibrahim Ismail , Elmessalawy Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdelhaleem Ahmed Mostafa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractData transmission of Virtual Reality (VR) plays an important role in delivering a powerful VR experience. This increasing demand on both high bandwidth and low latency. 6G emerging technologies like Software Defined Network (SDN) and resource slicing are acting as promising technologies for addressing the transmission requirements of VR users. Efficient resource management becomes dominant to ensure a satisfactory user experience. The integration of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) allows for dynamic network resource balancing, minimizing communication latency and maximizing data transmission rates wirelessly. Employing slicing techniques further aids in managing distributed resources across the network for different services as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). The proposed VR-based SDN system model for 6G cellular networks facilitates centralized administration of resources, enhancing communication between VR users. This innovative solution seeks to contribute to the effective and streamlined resource management essential for VR video transmission in 6G cellular networks. The utilization of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approaches, is presented as an alternative solution, showcasing significant performance and feature distinctions through comparative results. Our results show that implementing strategies based on DRL leads to a considerable improvement in the resource management process as well as in the achievable data rate and a reduction in the necessary latency in dynamic and large scale networks.
Implementation of a novel secured authentication protocol for cyber security applications
Authors: Suresh Kumar V. , Ibrahim Khalaf Osamah , Raman Chandan Radha , Bsoul Qusay , Kant Gupta Shashi , Zawaideh Firas , Mohammed Alsekait Deema , Salama AbdElminaam Diaa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRobust verification protocols are crucial for maintaining the security and reliability of sensitive information due to the increasing complexity of cyber-attacks. This paper introduces a novel 5G Secure Handover Protocol aimed at addressing security and effectiveness issues encountered in existing systems. The proposed protocol is robust against various attacks, including de-synchronization, replay, man-in-the-middle (MITM), denial of services (DoS), and jamming, ensures perfect forward key secrecy, safeguarding communication confidentiality. The proposed protocol utilizes a combination of spiking neural network and fuzzy logic (SNN-FL) techniques that must choose the goal cell as carefully as possible before initiating the transfer process. By combining fuzzy logic and spiking neural networks to reduce handover latency and thwart several types of cyberattacks, the proposed 5G Secure Handover Protocol improves security. Extensive simulations show its efficacy and emphasize its potential for safe communication in large-scale cybersecurity applications. The paper presents a novel secure authentication protocol that significantly reduces handover delays and improves efficiency. Simulations show its resilience against common security threats, protecting sensitive information and maintaining secure communication channels. The protocol, with low communication expenses, complex spatial, and latency for changeover verification, is ideal for large-scale cybersecurity applications, contributing to the development of secure digital authentication mechanisms.
Finite element analysis on the human and guinea pig cochlear vibration patterns under bone conduction stimulations
Authors: Zhao Mingduo , Stenfelt Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo compare the vibrational patterns of human and guinea pig cochleae accurately, we developed and validated a novel finite element model of the guinea pig, leveraging it to analyze vibrational patterns in the cochlea. This approach is mirrored in our examination of the human cochlear model, providing granular insights into the nuances of human bone conduction hearing. The comparative analysis reveals that the guinea pig cochlea mirrors human cochlear vibrational patterns, thus serving as an efficient proxy for exploring human cochlear function. The human mastoid and the upper region of the guinea pig’s skull are recommended as the convenient and comparable sites for bone conduction stimulation. The cochlear vibration pattern encompasses a mix of rigid, rotational, and compressive motion. Significantly, the guinea pig model demonstrates robust agreement with existing experimental data and other studies, these findings are confirming the validity of the model. Our study delineates the distinct roles of the three vibration types across various frequency spectrums. At lower frequencies, rigid motion is the dominant mechanism, supplemented by rotational motion. However, at higher frequencies, the influence of rigid motion wanes, ceding prominence to rotational and compressive motions. This trend is consistently observed in both human and guinea pig models.
Proanthocyanidins protects 3-NPA-induced ovarian function decline by activating SESTRIN2-NRF2-mediated oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Huang Yupei , Cui Yanfan , Huang Jian , Xinyuan Huang , Zihang Wang , Luo Tao , Li Jia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAbnormal apoptosis of ovarian cells caused by oxidative stress is an important cause of premature ovarian failure (POF). Previous studies revealed that proanthocyanidins (PCs) are powerful natural antioxidants that can safely prevent oxidative damage in humans. However, the protective effect and mechanism of PCs on ovarian function during the course of POF remain unknown. In this study, female mice were injected with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) to establish an ovarian oxidative stress model; at the same time, the mice were treated with PC via gavage. Thereafter, the expression of various apoptosis genes, hormones, and related molecules was assessed. Compared with those in the control group, the ovarian index, follicle count at all levels, expression of MVH, PCNA and BCL2, and estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels were significantly lower in the POF group, but significant recovery was observed in terms of MVH and PCNA expression and E2 and P levels in the POF + PCs group. The apoptosis marker genes BAX and ROS were significantly increased in the POF group but were notably restored in the POF + PCs group. In addition, the expression of Sestrin2, an antiapoptotic protein, was significantly increased in the PCs treatment group, as were the upstream and downstream regulatory factors NRF2 and SOD2, and the indices of the Sestrin2 overexpression group were similar to those of the PCs treatment group. In summary, these findings suggest that PCs have potential as innovative therapeutic agents for preventing and treating POF by activating the protective SESTRIN2-NRF2 pathway against oxidative stress.
“It happened to be the perfect thing”: experiences of generative AI chatbots for mental health
Authors: Siddals Steven , Torous John , Coxon Astrid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global mental health crisis underscores the need for accessible, effective interventions. Chatbots based on generative artificial intelligence (AI), like ChatGPT, are emerging as novel solutions, but research on real-life usage is limited. We interviewed nineteen individuals about their experiences using generative AI chatbots for mental health. Participants reported high engagement and positive impacts, including better relationships and healing from trauma and loss. We developed four themes: (1) a sense of ‘emotional sanctuary’, (2) ‘insightful guidance’, particularly about relationships, (3) the ‘joy of connection’, and (4) comparisons between the ‘AI therapist’ and human therapy. Some themes echoed prior research on rule-based chatbots, while others seemed novel to generative AI. Participants emphasised the need for better safety guardrails, human-like memory and the ability to lead the therapeutic process. Generative AI chatbots may offer mental health support that feels meaningful to users, but further research is needed on safety and effectiveness.
Signatures of clustering accessible with a Time Projection Chamber: TexAT
Authors: Bishop Jack , Ahn S. , Barbui M. , Kokalova Tz. , Koshchiy E. , Parker C.E. , Pirrie S.H. , Pollacco E.C. , Roeder B.T. , Rogachev G.V. , Saastamoinen A. , Wheldon C. 
Published: October 2024

Many experimental observables in clustering require high-sensitivity, almost background-free measurements. The use of Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) over the past 15 years have demonstrated their capability as a step change in the accessibility of many of these observables, as well as the possibility to study clustering via new techniques.
A summary of the difficulties and pitfalls of determining the type of clustering from observables is briefly discussed, with a focus on α-condensation and the possibility of an additional (Efimov) 0+ state in 12C, below the Hoyle state. The expansion of the technique used to tackle this challenge to study 3α + p clustering in 13N is also discussed, highlighting the exciting opportunities TPCs provide to study clustering inaccessible by conventional means.
Finally, an overview of the recent and upcoming advances in TPC technology is given as well as listing additional future challenges that are needed to be overcome, in the context of discussing the next-generation upgrade to the existing TexAT TPC, known as TeBAT (TExas Birmingham Active Target).
When TCM debate meets Covid-19 discourse
Authors: Pan Yun , Peng Altman Yuzhu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has pushed medical discourse to the forefront of everyday communication, but limited scholarly attention has been given to its intersection with social-mediated language use in the Chinese context. From a corpus-pragmatic view, we examined textual data collected from Zhihu, the most popular Chinese community question-answering site. Our analysis focused on the linguistic mechanism of evidential expression in social-mediated debates on Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Within the realm of medical scientific discussion, we identified a prevailing epistemic stance of doubt and uncertainty towards the efficacy of TCM, emphasising its socio-political significance. We also demonstrated how the ‘source of knowledge’ value and the ‘speaker commitment’ value of evidentiality interact at the semantic-pragmatic interface. Our findings shed light on a promising research trajectory for sociolinguistic intervention in the formal, descriptive line of evidentiality research, thus, advancing existing corpus pragmatics literature on evidentiality and epistemics in social-mediated communication.
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus – A Silent Threat?
Authors: Gama Andre B. , Flasco Madison T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is the causal agent of yellow leaf disease, a significant threat to global sugarcane production. SCYLV is disseminated via infected planting material and transmitted by aphids, primarily by
Melanaphis sacchari
(Zehntner). The disease’s impact varies depending on the sugarcane cultivar, with some varieties showing little to no foliar symptoms, yet experiencing severe yield losses. Reliable diagnostic methods, including serological and molecular techniques, are crucial for accurate detection, though these methods vary in sensitivity. Advances in molecular techniques have revealed ten major SCYLV genotypes grouped into three phylogroups, further complicating detection efforts. Improved understanding of SCYLV’s distribution within the plant and its seasonal variability are yet to be understood. Management strategies focus on breeding SCYLV-resistant varieties, but this is challenging due to the virus’s variable impact on yield and the often asymptomatic nature of epidemics. Efforts to develop SCYLV-free propagative material have been implemented, but the virus can still spread via aphid vectors from neighbouring fields. Ongoing research aims to identify resistant cultivars, optimize diagnostic techniques, and better understand the epidemiology of SCYLV to mitigate its impact on sugarcane yield and quality.

Information
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Discussion on the upper limit of HIFU sound pressure measurement based on laser interferometry
Authors: Wang Ke , Xing Guangzhen , Wang Min , Yang Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology is a non-invasive treatment technique that can achieve non-invasive treatment of tumors and other diseases. The accuracy of HIFU sound pressure is crucial for the clinical efficacy and safety of HIFU treatment. The sound pressure measurement technology based on laser interferometry is the recommended method for ICE TC87, which has the advantages of high measurement accuracy and good traceability, and is therefore widely adopted as the new generation of sound pressure standards. However, the upper limit of the laser interferometric HIFU sound pressure measurement currently reported is about 10 MPa, which is far lower than the actual sound pressure of HIFU technology. In response to this issue, the upper limit of HIFU sound pressure measurement was discussed from the perspective of laser interference systems. The mathematical relationship between the HIFU sound pressure and the optical and electrical signals of the laser interference system under the condition of nonlinear sound field is established. The mathematical analysis of HIFU sound pressure requirements for the bandwidth of laser interference systems is discussed. Using experimental and numerical simulation methods, the effect of HIFU sound pressure on the bandwidth of a laser interference system under nonlinear acoustic field conditions was studied.