bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experienced Korean primary teachers’ perceptions of their difficulties in music classes
Authors: Shin Jihae 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBecause the importance of experienced teachers is growing, retaining experienced music teachers has become a major issue among educators. Therefore, it is necessary to listen attentively to what kinds of difficulties experienced music teachers perceive and to think about how to help these teachers so that they can successfully perform in their own music classes. The purpose of this study was to explore the difficulties in music classes that experienced Korean primary teachers perceived. The results of this study indicated that the teachers showed concerns regarding their own musical abilities, traditional Korean music, and students’ motivations for music learning. Implications of the findings for music teacher support are provided.
INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH LISTENING TO SONGS
Authors: Pavia Niousha , Webb Stuart , Faez Farahnaz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch investigating incidental vocabulary learning through listening to songs has primarily relied on participant’s self-report surveys on listening behaviors and its relationship with their vocabulary knowledge (Kuppens, 2010). Only one experimental study has investigated vocabulary learning gains from listening to songs (Medina, 1993). From the results, the researcher concluded that learning does occur from listening to songs. However, the learning gains were not provided. The present study investigated incidental learning of three vocabulary knowledge dimensions (spoken-form recognition, form-meaning connection, and collocation recognition) through listening to two songs. The effects of repeated listening to a single song (one, three, or five times) and the relationship between frequency of exposure to the targeted vocabulary items and learning gains were also explored. The results indicated that (a) listening to songs contributed to vocabulary learning, (b) repeated listening had a positive effect on vocabulary gains, and (c) frequency of exposure positively affected learning gains.
Octogenarians with Multiple Sclerosis: Lessons for Aging in Place
Authors: Downer Matthew B. , Wallack Elizabeth M. , Ploughman Michelle ,   the Health, Lifestyle, and Aging with MS Canadian Consortium
Published: May 2019

RÉSUMÉLes facteurs de protection retrouvés chez des octogénaires atteints de sclérose en plaques (SP) vivant à domicile ont été comparés à ceux d’individus sans SP du même groupe d’âge et de personnes moins âgées atteintes de SP. Les données provenant des octogénaires atteints de SP (n = 23) et d’un groupe de répondants plus jeunes avec cette maladie (n = 61) ont été tirées d’une enquête canadienne sur le vieillissement avec SP. Les données des groupes avec SP ont été comparées aux statistiques nationales d’octogénaires de la population générale. Les octogénaires avec SP présentaient plus d’incapacités et une prévalence plus élevée de troubles de l’humeur, mais étaient physiquement plus actifs que la population d’octogénaires de l’enquête canadienne. Les octogénaires avec SP ont déclaré éprouver moins de stress et de fatigue que le groupe d’individus plus jeunes avec SP. Bien que la différence d’âge entre les deux groupes avec SP soit d’une dizaine d’années, ces groupes ont rapporté des niveaux similaires de soutien social, d’aisance financière, d’incapacité physique et de participation. Le maintien d’appuis solides (sociaux et financiers), d’une attitude positive, la pratique d’activité physique et la participation aux activités quotidiennes peuvent contribuer au vieillissement dans la collectivité chez les individus avec SP, malgré les défis amenés par cette maladie.
Resting state coupling between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to household income in childhood and indexes future psychological vulnerability to stress
Authors: Hanson Jamie L. , Albert W. Dustin , Skinner Ann T. , Shen Shutian H. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Lansford Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhile child poverty is a significant risk factor for poor mental health, the developmental pathways involved with these associations are poorly understood. To advance knowledge about these important linkages, the present study examined the developmental sequelae of childhood exposure to poverty in a multiyear longitudinal study. Here, we focused on exposure to poverty, neurobiological circuitry connected to emotion dysregulation, later exposure to stressful life events, and symptoms of psychopathology. We grounded our work in a biopsychosocial perspective, with a specific interest in “stress sensitization” and emotion dysregulation. Motivated by past work, we first tested whether exposure to poverty was related to changes in the resting-state coupling between two brain structures centrally involved with emotion processing and regulation (the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC). As predicted, we found lower household income at age 10 was related to lower resting-state coupling between these areas at age 15. We then tested if variations in amygdala–vmPFC connectivity interacted with more contemporaneous stressors to predict challenges with mental health at age 16. In line with past reports showing risk for poor mental health is greatest in those exposed to early and then later, more contemporaneous stress, we predicted and found that lower vmPFC–amygdala coupling in the context of greater contemporaneous stress was related to higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. We believe these important interactions between neurobiology and life history are an additional vantage point for understanding risk and resiliency, and suggest avenues for prediction of psychopathology related to early life challenge.
Tuning of brain–autonomic coupling by prior threat exposure: Implications for internalizing problems in Mexican-origin adolescents
Authors: Weissman David G. , Guyer Amanda E. , Ferrer Emilio , Robins Richard W. , Hastings Paul D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExposure to threat increases the risk for internalizing problems in adolescence. Deficits in integrating bodily cues into representations of emotion are thought to contribute to internalizing problems. Given the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating bodily responses and integrating them into representations of emotional states, coordination between activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and autonomic nervous system responses may be influenced by past threat exposure with consequences for the emergence of internalizing problems. A sample of 179 Mexican-origin adolescents (88 female) reported on neighborhood and school crime, peer victimization, and discrimination when they were 10–16 years old. At age 17, participants underwent a functional neuroimaging scan during which they viewed pictures of emotional faces while respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance responses were measured. Adolescents also reported symptoms of internalizing problems. Greater exposure to threats across adolescence was associated with more internalizing problems. Threat exposure was also associated with stronger negative coupling between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and RSA. Stronger negative ventromedial prefrontal cortex–RSA coupling was associated with fewer internalizing problems. These results suggest the degree of coordinated activity between the brain and parasympathetic nervous system is both enhanced by threat experiences and decreased in adolescents with more internalizing problems.
From Fordist to neo-liberal urban spaces in times of de-industrialization: a conceptual frame for a complex relationship
Authors: Neumann Arndt 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHow did the complex relationship between working worlds and urban spaces change in Hamburg in times of de-industrialization? To answer this question, I focus on Hamburg's history from 1960 to 2008. Starting from the idea of a cumulative structural break, I develop a typology of Fordist and neo-liberal urban spaces and distinguish seven dimensions of change: from international division of labour to globalization, from industrial production to creativity, from rationalization to digitalization, from centralization to networks, from functional zoning to blurred boundaries, from social security to precarity and from suburbanization to the renaissance of the inner city. Finally, I consider whether this typology is valid for other European cities.
Three Wrongs Do Not Make a Right: The Conundrum of the US Steel and Aluminum Tariffs
Authors: LEE YONG-SHIK 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn March 2018, the United States enacted tariff increases on a vast range of imported steel and aluminum products. The Trump administration cited national security concerns as the justification, claiming an exception under GATT Article XXI. In response to these tariffs, several WTO Members, including the European Union, Canada, Mexico, China, Russia, and Turkey, adopted their own tariffs against imports from the United States, justifying their tariffs under the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. Other Members, such as South Korea, Brazil, and Argentina opted for quota agreements on these exports with the United States in exchange for exemption from the tariffs. This article argues that none of these measures is consistent with WTO rules. The sweeping tariffs that the United States have adopted, the retaliatory measures that several Members have implemented, and the bilateral quota agreements that three Members concluded with the United States are indeed ‘three wrongs’ that do not make a right, but rather endanger the stability of the international trading system under WTO legal disciplines.
Sorghum resistant to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Botswana and Zimbabwe
Authors: Teetes G. L. , Manthe C. S. , Peterson G. C. , Leuschner K. , Pendleton B. B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeedlings of 462 sorghum lines were screened to identify resistance to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). About 7% of the lines exhibited resistance in the seedling stage in greenhouse trials. In an advanced screening experiment, 12 sorghum lines had resistance ratings of 1.0–3.0 (highly resistant or resistant). In a similar test, older and larger plants of the same lines were as resistant as in the seedling stage. Lines IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, and IS12661C were highly resistant in preliminary and advanced screening trials. Antixenosis was shown to be a mechanism of resistance. Sorghum lines IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, and IS12661C were less preferred than ‘Mtode’, a susceptible sorghum. Based on greenhouse and field trials, antibiosis adversely affected aphid longevity, days reproducing, and progeny production. On the least antibiotic sorghums, longevity, days reproducing, and number of nymphs produced were as high as 13.7, 6.0, and 26.6, respectively. On the most antibiotic sorghums, these values were 4.5, 0.0, and 0.0. Resistance appeared to be controlled by a dominant gene, but there were indications of modifiers linked to major genes.
DOHaD – the challenge of translating the science to policy
Authors: Hanson M. A. , Poston L. , Gluckman P. D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe DOHaD Society has passed its 10th birthday, so it seems an appropriate time to reflect on what has been achieved and the Society’s aspirations. At the 10th International Congress in Rotterdam in November 2017, Peter Gluckman (the Society’s first President) delivered a plenary lecture entitled ‘DOHaD – addressing the science-policy nexus: a reality check’; in opening the Congress, Mark Hanson (second, and outgoing President) not only highlighted the success of the Society but also the challenges it now faces in achieving impact for its work in the global health arena, that is beyond the research agenda; and in assuming the role of third President, Lucilla Poston highlighted the need for the Society to grasp opportunities to change healthcare policy, while persevering with basic research and well-planned intervention studies. In this review we summarize the points made in these three presentations and issue a call to action to the membership to take up the challenge of taking the Society’s work to the next level of translating science to policy.
Interventions to Reduce Internalized Stigma in individuals with Mental Illness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alonso Marta , Guillén Ana Isabel , Muñoz Manuel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInternalized stigma has a high prevalence in people with mental health problems and is associated with negative consequences in different areas: work, social, personal, etc. Therefore, it is relevant to systematically study the characteristics and effectiveness of the different psychological and psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing it. Through the databases MEDLINE and PsycINFO, among others, controlled studies on specific interventions to reduce internalized stigma in people with severe mental disorders published between 2008 and 2018 were selected and reviewed. Results showed that the interventions can be grouped into four blocks: (a) psychoeducational interventions about stigma; (b) cognitive-behavioral interventions, mainly aimed at modifying self-stigmatizing beliefs; (c) interventions focused on the revelation of mental illness; and (d) multicomponent interventions that combine several of the above. The interventions had an average of 10 sessions and were predominantly applied in group format. In 9 of the 14 studies reviewed, significant results were obtained in the reduction of internalized stigma with small or moderate effect sizes. There were also significant improvements in other variables, such as subjective recovery or coping. The main methodological limitation of the studies reviewed was the absence of information on the rejection rate. We conclude that there are effective interventions aimed at reducing internalized stigma, with psychoeducational interventions on stigma and multicomponent interventions showing the best results. Cognitive-behavioral interventions and interventions based on disclosure have been studied to a lesser extent and their results are inconclusive. Future research should focus on establishing optimal interventions according to characteristics and objectives of individuals.
Understanding Sea Level Change in the South Pacific During the Late 20th Century and Early 21st Century
Authors: Albrecht F. , Pizarro O. , Montecinos A. , Zhang X. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA spatially nonuniform sea level rise was observed in the South Pacific with high trends of up to 8 mm/year in the southwest subtropical Pacific and much lower values in the eastern ocean during the 1993 to 2015 altimetry data period. Negative trends were observed further south. In recent decades, these trends have been interpreted as a spin‐up of subtropical gyre circulation. Here an analysis of altimetry data and data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 is presented, which attempts to separate natural climate variability from sea level changes. In order to quantify the impact of natural variability, a multiple linear regression was performed between sea level and dominant climate indices in the region, with the latter representing interannual to interdecadal climate variability. Our results indicate that the observed pattern cannot completely be explained by the climate modes but that a large residual trend remains.
Modeling the 1783–1784 Laki Eruption in Iceland: 2. Climate Impacts
Authors: Zambri Brian , Robock Alan , Mills Michael J. , Schmidt Anja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Laki eruption in Iceland, which began in June 1783, was followed by many of the typical climate responses to volcanic eruptions: suppressed precipitation and drought, crop failure, and surface cooling. In contrast to the observed cooling in 1784–1786, the summer of 1783 was anomalously warm in Western Europe, with July temperatures reaching more than 3 K above the mean. However, the winter of 1783–1784 in Europe was as cold as 3 K below the mean. While climate models generally reproduce the surface cooling and decreased rainfall associated with volcanic eruptions, model studies have failed to reproduce the extreme warming in western Europe that followed the Laki eruption. As a result of the inability to reproduce the anomalous warming, the question remains as to whether this phenomenon was a response to the eruption or merely an example of internal climate variability. Using the Community Earth System Model from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, we investigate the “Laki haze” and its effect on Northern Hemisphere climate in the 12 months following the eruption onset. We find that the warm summer of 1783 was a result of atmospheric blocking over Northern Europe, which in our model cannot be attributed to the eruption. In addition, the extremely cold winter of 1783–1784 was aided by an increased likelihood of an El Niño after the eruption. Understanding the causes of these anomalies is important not only for historical purposes but also for understanding and predicting possible climate responses to future high‐latitude volcanic eruptions.
Ce/Mo and Molybdenum Isotope Systematics in Subduction‐Related Orogenic Potassic Magmas of Central‐Southern Italy
Authors: Casalini M. , Avanzinelli R. , Tommasini S. , Elliott T. , Conticelli S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral recent studies have employed variations in the concentration and isotopic composition of molybdenum as tracers of igneous processes. In this study we present new Mo concentration and δ98/95Mo data on the peculiar subduction‐related potassic magmas of the Central‐Southern Italian peninsula; the leucite‐free (lamproite‐like) rocks of the Tuscan Magmatic Province and the leucite‐bearing rocks of Mt. Vesuvius. These rocks display exotic and distinctive geochemical and isotopic features due to differences in the lithology of the subducted material in their respective mantle sources. We examine the elemental and isotopic systematics of Mo in the context of these geochemical variations. The two different associations of magmas display significantly different Ce/Mo values but surprisingly similar δ98/95Mo values (0.10–0.26‰ for Vesuvius and 0.07–0.24‰ for Tuscan Magmatic Province), which are significantly heavier than typical mid‐ocean ridge basalts. While the δ98/95Mo implicate an isotopically heavy sedimentary component recycled into their respective mantle sources, the different Ce/Mo ratios reflect contrasting elemental fractionation during sediment melting related to the lithology and consequent residual mineralogy (sulfides vs. epidote) of the subducted sedimentary material undergoing melting (Ca poor vs. Ca rich). This indicates that the heavy Mo isotopic signature of these magmas is independent of the lithology of the recycled material, which instead controls the elemental fractionation of Mo.
Influence of Mesoscale Features on Mixed Layer Dynamics in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Trott Corinne B. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Nyadjro Ebenezer S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring the summer monsoon season from June through September, low‐level winds from the Findlater Jet induce strong mesoscale activity and seasonal deepening of the mixed layer. For the first time, we have investigated the impact of mesoscale features on the strong intraseasonal variability of the mixed layer depth in the Arabian Sea using simulations from a reanalysis version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model and the European Centre for Mid‐range Weather Forecasting ERA‐Interim product. We identify and track mesoscale eddies using an eddy‐tracking algorithm during strong and weak summer monsoon conditions to determine the importance of mesoscale features on mixed layer variability during strong and weak wind forcing. We identify frontal systems in the Arabian Sea and observe how they strengthen with depth throughout the summer monsoon season. To quantify the role of these features on mixed layer variability, we also explore the roles of wind forcing, evaporation, precipitation, significant wave heights, and surface heat fluxes on mixed layer variability. A mixed layer heat budget was computed in the Arabian Sea, finding a strong dominance of vertical advective entrainment followed by compensation by horizontal processes indicating strong mesoscale activity.
Involvement of proapoptotic genes in autophagic cell death induced by irradiation
Authors: Song Jianrui , Zhao Xue , Feng Yi , Xu Sheng , Zhang Yanling , Wei Lixin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIrradiation is widely used in anticancer therapy; however, the efficiency is limited. Most cancer cells have mutations in apoptosis that they can easily escape the apoptosis induced by irradiation. Autophagy has been known as type II programmed cell death that can be activated by irradiation, especially when apoptosis is blocked, but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. We demonstrated that proapoptotic genes PUMA and Bid are involved in the regulation of autophagic cell death. When wild-type (WT), Bax−/− and PUMA−/− HCT116 cells were exposed to irradiation, we found that, compared with WT, Bax−/− cells showed significantly decreased cell death because of Bax deficiency; however, surprisingly PUMA−/− cells showed significant increase in cell death although the proapoptotic gene PUMA was knocked out. By analyzing apoptosis via Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay with flow cytometry, both Bax−/− and PUMA−/− cells showed less apoptosis than WT, suggesting the existence of another type of cell death in PUMA−/− cells. Autophagy was then examined in three cell lines by counting the percentage of cells with punctate GFP-LC3. Although all three cell lines showed significantly increased autophagy activity after irradiation, that of PUMA−/− cells was much higher than the other two cell lines, which suggests that PUMA−/− cells may die through autophagy. This was then confirmed by the decreased cell death in PUMA−/− cells when autophagy was blocked by 3-MA. In addition, we also tested the responses of WT and Bid−/− MEFs to irradiation. Bid−/− MEFs but not WT died through autophagy after irradiation. These results imply the involvement of apoptosis-associated genes such as PUMA and Bid in autophagic cell death, which contributes to identifying the molecular mechanism by which autophagy drives cells to death.
Rethinking gut microbiome residency and the Enterobacteriaceae in healthy human adults
Authors: Martinson Jonathan N V , Pinkham Nicholas V , Peters Garrett W , Cho Hanbyul , Heng Jeremy , Rauch Mychiel , Broadaway Susan C , Walk Seth T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Longitudinal human gut microbiome datasets generated using community-level, sequence-based approaches often report a sub-set of long-lived “resident” taxa that rarely, if ever, are lost. This result contrasts with population-level turnover of resident clones on the order of months to years. We hypothesized that the disconnect between these results is due to a relative lack of simultaneous discrimination of the human gut microbiome at both the community and population-levels. Here, we present results of a small, longitudinal cohort study (n = 8 participants) of healthy human adults that identifies static and dynamic members of the gut microbiome at the clone level based on cultivation/genetic discrimination and at the operational taxonomic unit/amplified sequence variant levels based on 16S rRNA sequencing. We provide evidence that there is little “stability” within resident clonal populations of the common gut microbiome bacterial family, Enterobacteriaceae. Given that clones can vary substantially in genome content and that evolutionary processes operate on the population level, these results question the biological relevance of apparent stability at higher taxonomic levels.