bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Detection of Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma in Patients With Serum PSA ≤ 1 ng/mL After Definitive Primary Treatment
Authors: England Joseph R. , Paluch Jeremy , Ballas Leslie K. , Jadvar Hossein 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The aims of this study were to report on our initial experience using 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT to detect recurrent prostate carcinoma in patients with low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after definitive treatment of primary disease and to conduct a preliminary investigation for factors associated with positive scan findings.

Patients and Methods
In this retrospective study, 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT scans from 28 men with suspected recurrence of prostate carcinoma and PSA values of 1 ng/mL or less were examined to identify the site(s) of disease recurrence. Differences in detection rate for Gleason scores of 7 and greater than 7, T2 and T3 disease, negative and positive surgical margins, and negative and positive seminal vesicle invasion were compared using the Fisher exact test. Mean PSA and mean PSA doubling time of patients with positive scans and negative scans were compared using the independent 2-group t test.

Results
At least one site of disease recurrence was identified in 13 (46.4%) of 28 patients. Disease detection rate was significantly higher in patients with history of Gleason score greater than 7 (Fisher exact test, P = 0.004). Mean PSA and PSA doubling time were not significantly different between patients with positive and negative 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT scans (P = 0.29 and 0.70, respectively).

Conclusions
Detection of recurrent prostate cancer using 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT is possible in patients with low but rising PSA levels of 1 ng/mL or less. In such patients, local and nodal recurrences are more common than distant metastasis, and Gleason score greater than 7 is associated with positive scan results.
Primary Common Iliac Artery Angiosarcoma With Multiple Bone Metastases Revealed by Dual-Time Point FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Wang Renjie , Wang Xueju , Ji Bin , Guan Qingtao , Chen Bin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Iliac artery angiosarcoma is rare, and bone metastasis as its presenting initial symptom is extremely rare. A 67-year-old man with a history of low back pain presented with multiple MRI-identified lumbar and sacrum lesions highly suggestive of bone metastasis. On subsequent PET/CT scan, in addition to multiple vertebrae and pelvis hypermetabolism, a lesion with intense focal uptake was discovered within the lumen of left common iliac artery. Dual-time point quantitative analysis revealed that the lesion-to-liver ratio of SUVmax was significantly increased in the delayed phase. Biopsy confirmed the lesion as a primary iliac artery angiosarcoma.
A Case of Mediastinal Leiomyosarcoma Demonstrated on FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Huang Yan , Li Yi , Wang Huoqiang , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A 56-year-old man presented with persisting chest tightness over 1 month. A mediastinal mass was found by chest radiography. To further evaluate the mass, chest CT was performed and the malignancy was suspected. Staging FDG PET/CT demonstrated a hypermetabolic lesion located in the left middle mediastinum without extra-lesion involvement. The lesion pathologically confirmed mediastinal leiomyosarcoma after surgical resection.
The New Possibility of Lymphoscintigraphy to Guide a Clinical Treatment for Lymphedema in Patient With Breast Cancer
Authors: Seo Kwan Sik , Suh Minseok , Hong Sunmok , Cheon Gi Jeong , Lee Shi-Uk , Jung Gwang Pyo 
Published: January 2019

Objectives
Lymphedema is a chronic disease that occurs frequently after breast cancer treatment. For the treatment of lymphedema, surgical approach such as vascularized lymph node transfer and super-microscopic lymphovenous anastomosis surgery is well established. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and sympathetic ganglion block (SGB) are two non-surgical therapeutic options. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lymphoscintigraphy in guiding the selection of the optimal non-surgical treatment in lymphedema.

Methods
A total of 81 lymphedema patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy and were treated with CDT or SGB were retrospectively evaluated. The parameters for the lymphoscintigraphic findings included the extent of dermal backflow (small extent/large extent groups), the level of lymphatic flow (trunk flow pattern/upper arm-restricted pattern/forearm-restricted pattern groups), and the visualization of lymph nodes (visualized/non-visualized groups). The change in the circumferential difference between the two sides of the body at the upper arm and forearm was used as the clinical outcome variable. Paired comparison and group comparison analysis were conducted.

Results
Of 81 patients, 41 received CDT and 40 received SGB. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the CDT and SGB groups. Both CDT and SGB had a significant therapeutic effect. Upper arm edema was more significantly reduced after SGB than after CDT in the small extent group (P = 0.004), the forearm-restricted pattern group (P = 0.002), and the non-visualized group (P = 0.018). In the other groups, SGB and CDT showed comparable therapeutic effects without statistical differences.

Conclusion
SGB was found to have a better therapeutic effect in the lymphedema patients with specific lymphoscintigraphic findings compared with CDT. Lymphoscintigraphy may be helpful in selecting the appropriate approach to lymphedema treatment. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to validate the findings of this study.
Identification of Heterotopic Ossification Using 18F-NaF PET/CT
Authors: Seraj Siavash Mehdizadeh , Al-Zaghal Abdullah , Østergaard Brian , Høilund-Carlsen Poul F. , Alavi Abass 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a benign condition characterized by the abnormal formation of mature lamellar bone in extraskeletal soft tissues. Most frequently, HO is observed around the hip joint after fractures or surgical procedures such as open reduction internal fixation or total hip arthroplasties. We are presenting a case of HO as detected by 18F-NaF PET/CT in a 68-year-old woman with multiple myeloma and a history of internal fixation of the right hip. Many previous publications have reported 18F-NaF uptake portraying calcification in soft tissue; the present report demonstrates the feasibility of 18F-NaF PET/CT to assess extraosseous calcification.
Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors
Authors: Rioux-Forker Dana , Deziel Allyson C. , Williams Larry S. , Muzaffar Arshad R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Odontogenic cysts and tumors are mandibular and maxillary lesions that occur across all patient demographics across age, sex, race, and social economic status, as altered remnants of dental development. They may be incidental findings from routine imaging in any office or found through workup for craniofacial surgery or injury. Many of these patients present with asymptomatic lesions, whereas others may be symptomatic. In this article, we review the literature on the most common odontogenic tumors and cysts and discuss their presentation, their defining traits, and how to approach diagnosis and definitive management.
Advanced Age Impairs Intestinal Antimicrobial Peptide Response and Worsens Fecal Microbiome Dysbiosis Following Burn Injury in Mice
Authors: Wheatley Elizabeth G. , Curtis Brenda J. , Hulsebus Holly J. , Boe Devin M. , Najarro Kevin , Ir Diana , Robertson Charles E. , Choudhry Mashkoor A. , Frank Daniel N. , Kovacs Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Maintenance of the commensal bacteria that comprise the gut microbiome is essential to both gut and systemic health. Traumatic injury, such as burn, elicits a number of changes in the gut, including a shift in the composition of the microbiome (dysbiosis), increased gut leakiness, and bacterial translocation into the lymphatic system and bloodstream. These effects are believed to contribute to devastating secondary complications following burn, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and septic shock. Clinical studies demonstrate that advanced age causes a significant increase in mortality following burn, but the role of the gut in this age-dependent susceptibility has not been investigated. In this study, we combined our well-established murine model of scald burn injury with bacterial 16S-rRNA gene sequencing to investigate how burn injury affects the fecal microbiome in aged versus young mice. Of our treatment groups, the most substantial shift in gut microbial populations was observed in aged mice that underwent burn injury. We then profiled antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the ileum, and found that burn injury stimulated a 20-fold rise in levels of regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3γ), a 16-fold rise in regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β), and an 8-fold rise in Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (Cramp) in young, but not aged mice. Advanced age alone elicited 5-fold higher levels of alpha defensin-related sequence1 (Defa-rs1) in the ileum, but this increase was lost following burn. Comparison of bacterial genera abundance and AMP expression across treatment groups revealed distinct correlation patterns between AMPs and individual genera. Our results reveal that burn injury drives microbiome dysbiosis and altered AMP expression in an age-dependent fashion, and highlight potential mechanistic targets contributing to the increased morbidity and mortality observed in elderly burn patients.
The Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome Score for the Prediction of Clinical Outcomes After Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Burrello Jacopo , Burrello Alessio , Stowasser Michael , Nishikawa Tetsuo , Quinkler Marcus , Prejbisz Aleksander , Lenders Jacques W. M. , Satoh Fumitoshi , Mulatero Paolo , Reincke Martin , Williams Tracy Ann 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To develop a prediction model for clinical outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism.

Summary Background Data:
Unilateral primary aldosteronism is the most common surgically curable form of endocrine hypertension. Surgical resection of the dominant overactive adrenal in unilateral primary aldosteronism results in complete clinical success with resolution of hypertension without antihypertensive medication in less than half of patients with a wide between-center variability.

Methods:
A linear discriminant analysis model was built using data of 380 patients treated by adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism to classify postsurgical clinical outcomes. The total cohort was then randomly divided into training (280 patients) and test (100 patients) datasets to create and validate a score system to predict clinical outcomes. An online tool (Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome predictor) was developed to facilitate the use of the predictive score.

Results:
Six presurgical factors associated with complete clinical success (known duration of hypertension, sex, antihypertensive medication dosage, body mass index, target organ damage, and size of largest nodule at imaging) were selected based on classification performance in the linear discriminant analysis model. A 25-point predictive score was built with an optimal cut-off of greater than 16 points (accuracy of prediction = 79.2%; specificity = 84.4%; sensitivity = 71.3%) with an area under the curve of 0.839.

Conclusions:
The predictive score and the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome predictor can be used in a clinical setting to differentiate patients who are likely to be clinically cured after surgery from those who will need continuous surveillance after surgery due to persistent hypertension.
Local Referral of High-risk Patients to High-quality Hospitals
Authors: Smith Margaret E. , Shubeck Sarah P. , Nuliyalu Ushapoorna , Dimick Justin B. , Nathan Hari 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
We sought to assess the potential changes in Medicare payments and clinical outcomes of referring high-risk surgical patients to local high-quality hospitals within small geographic areas.

Summary Background Data:
Previous studies have documented a benefit in referring high-risk patients to high-quality hospitals on a national basis, suggesting selective referral as a mechanism to improve the value of surgical care. Practically, referral of patients should be done within small geographic regions; however, the benefit of local selective referral has not been studied.

Methods:
We analyzed data on elderly Medicare beneficiaries undergoing any of 4 elective inpatient surgical procedures between 2012 and 2014. Hospitals were categorized into Metropolitan Statistical Areas by zip code and stratified into quintiles of quality based on rates of postoperative complications. Patient risk was calculated by modeling the predicted risk of a postoperative complication. Medicare payments for each surgical episode were calculated. Distances between patients’ home zip code and high- and low-quality hospitals were calculated.

Results:
One quarter of high-risk patients underwent surgery at a low-quality hospital despite the availability of a high-quality hospital in their small geographic area. Shifting these patients to a local high-quality hospital would decrease spending 12% to 37% ($2,500 for total knee and hip replacement, $6,700 for colectomy, and $11,400 for lung resection). Approximately 45% of high-risk patients treated at low-quality hospitals could travel a shorter distance to reach a high-quality hospital than the low-quality hospital they received care at.

Conclusions:
Complication rates and Medicare payments are significantly lower for high-risk patients treated at local high-quality hospitals. This suggests triaging high-risk patients to local high-quality hospitals within small geographic areas may serve as a template for improving the value of surgical care.
Australia and New Zealand Islet and Pancreas Transplant Registry Annual Report 2018—Islet Donations, Islet Isolations, and Islet Transplants
Authors: Webster Angela C. , Hedley James A. , Anderson Patricia F. , Hawthorne Wayne J. , Radford Toni , Drogemuller Chris , Rogers Natasha , Goodman David , Lee Melissa H. , Loudovaris Thomas , Kelly Patrick J. 
Published: January 2019

Background
This is an excerpt from chapter 4 of the annual registry report from the Australia and New Zealand islet and pancreas transplant registry. The full report is available at http://anziptr.org/reports/.

Methods
We report data for all allogeneic islet isolation and transplant activity from 2002 to end 2017. Solid organ pancreas transplantation activity is reported separately. New Zealand does not have an islet transplant program. Data analysis was performed using Stata software version 14 (StataCorp, College Station, TX).

Results
From 2002 to 2017, a total of 104 allogeneic islet transplants were performed in 62 recipients.

Conclusions
The number of islet transplants performed in Australia was slightly lower in 2017 but continues to increase over time.
Are comorbidities compatible with a molecular pathological classification of neurodegenerative diseases?
Authors: Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an update on comorbidities in neurodegenerative conditions. The term comorbidity is used here to distinguish cases with overlapping pathogenic mechanisms, which includes combinations of neurodegenerative proteinopathies from cases with multimorbidity, which is defined as concomitant brain and systemic disorders with different pathogenic mechanisms.

Recent findings
Comorbid proteinopathies are more frequent in both sporadic and hereditary neurodegenerative diseases than previously assumed. The most frequent additional proteinopathies are related to Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disorder, and limbic predominant transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 proteinopathy, however, different forms of tau pathologies are also increasingly recognized. In addition to ageing, synergistic interaction of proteins, common disease pathways, and the influence of genetic variations are discussed as possible pathogenic players.

Summary
Comorbid proteinopathies might influence the clinical course and have implications for biomarker and therapeutic development. As pure forms of proteinopathies are still observed, the notion of current molecular classification is justified. This corroborates elucidation of various pathogenic pathways leading to neurodegeneration. Assuming that single proteins and associated pathways are targeted in therapy trials, efforts are needed to better stratify patients and to select pure proteinopathy forms lacking unfavorable genetic constellations. Otherwise combined therapeutic strategies might be necessary for comorbid proteinopathies.
Cellular transformation by combined lineage conversion and oncogene expression
Authors: Sahu Biswajyoti , Pihlajamaa Päivi , Zhang Kaiyang , Palin Kimmo , Ahonen Saija , Cervera Alejandra , Ristimäki Ari , Aaltonen Lauri A. , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Taipale Jussi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCancer is the most complex genetic disease known, with mutations implicated in more than 250 genes. However, it is still elusive which specific mutations found in human patients lead to tumorigenesis. Here we show that a combination of oncogenes that is characteristic of liver cancer (CTNNB1, TERT, MYC) induces senescence in human fibroblasts and primary hepatocytes. However, reprogramming fibroblasts to a liver progenitor fate, induced hepatocytes (iHeps), makes them sensitive to transformation by the same oncogenes. The transformed iHeps are highly proliferative, tumorigenic in nude mice, and bear gene expression signatures of liver cancer. These results show that tumorigenesis is triggered by a combination of three elements: the set of driver mutations, the cellular lineage, and the state of differentiation of the cells along the lineage. Our results provide direct support for the role of cell identity as a key determinant in transformation, and establish a paradigm for studying the dynamic role of oncogenic drivers in human tumorigenesis.
Oncogenic Notch promotes long-range regulatory interactions within hyperconnected 3D cliques
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Zhou Yeqiao , Fasolino Maria , Goldman Naomi , Schwartz Gregory W. , Mumbach Maxwell R. , Nguyen Son C. , Rome Kelly S. , Sela Yogev , Zapataro Zachary , Blacklow Stephen C. , Kruhlak Michael J. , Shi Junwei , Aster Jon C. , Joyce Eric F. , Little Shawn C. , Vahedi Golnaz , Pear Warren S. , Faryabi Robert B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChromatin loops enable transcription factor-bound distal enhancers to interact with their target promoters to regulate transcriptional programs. Although developmental transcription factors, such as active forms of Notch, can directly stimulate transcription by activating enhancers, the effect of their oncogenic subversion on the 3-dimensional (3D) organization of the cancer genome is largely undetermined. By mapping chromatin looping genome-wide in Notch-dependent triple-negative breast cancer and B-cell lymphoma, we show that far beyond the well-characterized role of Notch as an activator of distal enhancers, Notch regulates its direct target genes through establishing new long-range regulatory interactions. Moreover, a large fraction of Notch-promoted regulatory loops forms highly interacting enhancer and promoter spatial clusters, termed “3D cliques”. Loss-and gain-of-function experiments show that Notch preferentially targets hyperconnected 3D cliques that regulate the expression of crucial proto-oncogenes. Our observations suggest that oncogenic hijacking of developmental transcription factors can dysregulate transcription through widespread effects on the spatial organization of cancer genomes.
A microfluidic device for inferring metabolic landscapes in yeast monolayer colonies
Authors: Marinkovic Zoran S , Vulin Clément , Acman Mislav , Song Xiaohu , Di Meglio Jean Marc , Lindner Ariel B. , Hersen Pascal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicrobial colonies are fascinating structures in which growth and internal organization reflect complex morphogenetic processes. Here, we generated a microfluidics device with arrays of long monolayer yeast colonies to further global understanding of how intercellular metabolic interactions affect the internal structure of colonies within defined boundary conditions. We observed the emergence of stable glucose gradients using fluorescently labelled hexose transporters and quantified the spatial correlations with intracolony growth rates and expression of other genes regulated by glucose availability. These landscapes depended on the external glucose concentration as well as secondary gradients, e.g., amino acid availability. This work demonstrates the regulatory genetic networks governing cellular physiological adaptation are the key to internal structuration of cellular assemblies. This approach could be used in the future to decipher the interplay between long-range metabolic interactions, cellular development and morphogenesis in more complex systems.
New modular assays for the quantitative study of skylight navigation in flying flies
Authors: Mathejczyk Thomas , Wernet Mathias F. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe quantitative study of visual behaviors using virtual flight arenas is complicated by the fact that an effective experimental setup needs to combine a rather complex set of custom-built mechanical, electronic, and software components. Assembling such an apparatus amounts to a major challenge when working in an environment without the support of a machine shop. Here we present detailed instructions for the assembly of virtual flight arenas optimized forDrosophilaskylight navigation, which can easily be modified towards other uses. This system consists entirely of off-the-shelf parts and 3D-printed components, combining a modular flight arena designed to reduce visual artifacts, swappable high-power LED light sources, polarization filters on a computer-controlled rotating filter wheel, all placed within a temperature and humidity controlled environment. Using this new assay, we show that individual flies choose arbitrary headings when flying under a uniform field of linear polarization. Furthermore, flies adjust their heading to both sudden and continuous changes in filter orientation and can keep their chosen heading for several minutes. Finally, flies show the tendency to maintain headings even after interruption with an unpolarized stimulus. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the usefulness of these assays for the study of skylight navigation in flies.
YAP/TAZ as a Novel Regulator of cell volume
Authors: Perez-Gonzalez Nicolas A. , Rochman Nash D. , Yao Kai , Tao Jiaxiang , Le Minh-Tam Tran , Flanary Shannon , Sablich Lucia , Toler Ben , Crentsil Eliana , Takaesu Felipe , Lambrus Bram , Huang Jessie , Fu Vivian , Holland Andrew J. , An Steven , Wirtz Denis , Guan Kun-Liang , Sun Sean X. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHow mammalian cells regulate their physical size is currently poorly understood, in part due to the difficulty of accurately quantifying cell volume in a high throughput manner. Here, using the fluorescence exclusion method, we demonstrate that the mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are novel regulators of single cell volume. We report that the role of YAP/TAZ in cell volume regulation must go beyond its influence on total cell cycle duration or the cell shape to explain the observed changes in volume. Moreover, for our experimental conditions, volume regulation by YAP/TAZ is independent of mTOR. Instead, we find YAP/TAZ directly impacts the cell division volume. Based on the idea that YAP/TAZ is a mechanosensor, we find that inhibiting the assembly of myosin and cell tension slows cell cycle progression from G1 to S. These results suggest that YAP/TAZ and the Hippo pathway may be modulating cell volume in combination with cytoskeletal tension during cell cycle progression.