bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of GPR capabilities in the study of seismogenic faulting and deformation in the bottom sediments of Lake Upoloksha (northeast of the Fennoscandian shield)
Authors: Rodionov A. I. , Nikolaeva S. B. , Ryazantsev P. A. 
Published: December 2018

The article describes the experience of using the GPR method to study the bottom sediments of Lake Upoloksha located in the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Such sediments are viewed as good archives of various Holocene geodynamic processes, including tectonic and paleoseismic events. This small lake is located in the zone of the active NW-striking lineament, which length is more than 20 km. A series of åsars (eskers) stretches along the lineament. In the previous studies, the bottom sediments of the lake were investigated by geological methods, including core sampling, lithological and micro-palaeontological analysis of sediments. The studies have revealed a horizon which features are indicative of catastrophic changes in the sedimentation conditions due to a single impact. Our study aimed at evaluating the level of informativeness of the GPR method for detecting disturbances in the bottom sediments and new paleoseismic dislocations. The study referred to the hypothesis of the distribution of seismic foci in the Kola Peninsula in the Holocene. A ground-penetrating radar OKO-2 and an antenna unit (150 MHz) were used to survey of Lake Upoloksha in detail. The positions of the main stratigraphic horizons of the bottom sediments were clarified, and their thicknesses were measured more precisely. The GPR measurement error in comparison to the drilling data did not exceed ±0.2 m, which corresponds to the resolution of the antenna used in the survey. The GPR data confirmed the existence of seismic dislocations identified by the geological methods and discovered new zones of displacement and deformation in the organogenic and mineral bottom sediments. The survey detected vertical displacements, which amplitudes vary from 1.3 to 1.7 m, and landslides caused by seismogravitational rock collapse. Based on the GPR data, a bathymetric map was constructed. It shows the positions of the two basins of Lake Upoloksha. The survey provided the basis for a model showing the isosurface of the top of the mineragenous sequence. In the central part of the mineral-base model, there is a series of individual stepwise blocks of the sublatitudinal strike, which result from seismic movements. The GPR survey of Lake Upoloksha demonstrates that the GPR method can be successfully applied to estimate the mineral and organogenic parts of the bottom sediments, study their lithostratigraphic features, and detect changes in the structure of the bottom sediments. Based on the GPR data, it becomes possible to map even the small-scale disturbances.
Bcl‐2 inhibitors enhance FGFR inhibitor‐induced mitochondrial‐dependent cell death in FGFR2‐mutant endometrial cancer
Authors: Packer Leisl M. , Stehbens Samantha J. , Bonazzi Vanessa F. , Gunter Jennifer H. , Ju Robert J. , Ward Micheal , Gartside Michael G. , Byron Sara A. , Pollock Pamela M. 
Published: December 2018

Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynaecological malignancy. Unfortunately, 15–20% of women demonstrate persistent or recurrent tumours that are refractory to current chemotherapies. We previously identified activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in 12% (stage I/II) to 17% (stage III/IV) endometrioid ECs and found that these mutations are associated with shorter progression‐free and cancer‐specific survival. Although FGFR inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials for treatment of several cancer types, little is known about the mechanism by which they induce cell death. We show that treatment with BGJ398, AZD4547 and PD173074 causes mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release and impaired mitochondrial respiration in two FGFR2‐mutant EC cell lines (AN3CA and JHUEM2). Despite this mitochondrial dysfunction, we were unable to detect caspase activation following FGFR inhibition; in addition, the pan‐caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK was unable to prevent cell death, suggesting that the cell death is caspase‐independent. Furthermore, while FGFR inhibition led to an increase in LC3 puncta, treatment with bafilomycin did not further increase lipidated LC3, suggesting that FGFR inhibition led to a block in autophagosome degradation. We confirmed that cell death is mitochondrial‐dependent as it can be blocked by overexpression of Bcl‐2 and/or Bcl‐XL. Importantly, we show that combining FGFR inhibitors with the BH3 mimetics ABT737/ABT263 markedly increased cell death in vitro and is more effective than BGJ398 alone in vivo, where it leads to marked tumour regression. This work may have implications for the design of clinical trials to treat a wide range of patients with FGFR‐dependent malignancies.
EPID‐based in vivo dosimetry using Dosimetry Check™: Overview and clinical experience in a 5‐yr study including breast, lung, prostate, and head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Nailon William H. , Welsh Daniel , McDonald Kim , Burns Donna , Forsyth Julie , Cooke Gillian , Cutanda Francisco , Carruthers Linda J. , McLaren Duncan B. , Puxeu Vaqué Josep , Kehoe Terence , Andiappa Sankar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndependent verification of the dose delivered by complex radiotherapy can be performed by electronic portal imaging device (EPID) dosimetry. This paper presents 5‐yr EPID in vivo dosimetry (IVD) data obtained using the Dosimetry Check (DC) software on a large cohort including breast, lung, prostate, and head and neck (H&N) cancer patients.Material and MethodsThe difference between in vivo dose measurements obtained by DC and point doses calculated by the Eclipse treatment planning system was obtained on 3795 radiotherapy patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) (n = 842) and three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) (n = 2953) at 6, 10, and 15 MV. In cases where the dose difference exceeded ±10% further inspection and additional phantom measurements were performed.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of the percentage difference in dose obtained by DC and calculated by Eclipse in VMAT was: in brain, in H&N, and in prostate cancer. In 3DCRT, this was in brain, in breast, in bladder, in H&N, 2.60 ± 5.35% in lung and in prostate cancer. A total of 153 plans exceeded the ±10% alert criteria, which included: 88 breast plans accounting for 7.9% of all breast treatments; 28 H&N plans accounting for 4.4% of all H&N treatments; and 12 prostate plans accounting for 3.5% of all prostate treatments. All deviations were found to be as a result of patient‐related anatomical deviations and not from procedural errors.ConclusionsThis preliminary data shows that EPID‐based IVD with DC may not only be useful in detecting errors but has the potential to be used to establish site‐specific dose action levels. The approach is straightforward and has been implemented as a radiographer‐led service with no disruption to the patient and no impact on treatment time.
Iatrogenic Critical Care Procedure Complication Boot Camp: A Simulation‐based Pilot Study
Authors: Riefkohl‐Ortiz Elaine , Frey Jennifer A. , Yee Jennifer , David Gothard M. , Hughes Patrick G. , Ballas Derek A. , Ahmed Rami A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTraditional medical education strategies teach learners how to correctly perform procedures while neglecting to provide formal training on iatrogenic error management. Error management training (EMT) requires active exploration as well as explicit encouragement for learners to make and learn from errors during training. Simulation provides an excellent methodology to execute a curriculum on iatrogenic procedural complication management. We hypothesize that a standardized simulation‐based EMT curriculum will improve learner's confidence, cognitive knowledge, and performance in iatrogenic injury management.MethodsThis was a pilot, prospective, observational study performed in a simulation center using a curriculum developed to educate resident physicians on iatrogenic procedural complication management. Pre‐ and postintervention assessments included confidence surveys, cognitive questionnaires, and critical action checklists for six simulated procedure complications. Assessment data were analyzed using medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs), and the paired change scores were tested for median equality to zero via Wilcoxon signed rank tests with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsEighteen residents participated in the study curriculum. The median (IQR) confidence increased significantly by a summed score of 12.5 (8.75–17.25; p < 0.001). Similarly, the median (IQR) knowledge significantly increased by 6 (3–8) points from the pre‐ to postintervention assessment (p < 0.001). For each of the simulation cases, the number of critical actions performed increased significantly (p < 0.001 to p = 0.002).ConclusionWe demonstrated significant improvement in the confidence, clinical knowledge, and performance of critical actions after the completion of this curriculum. This pilot study provides evidence that a structured EMT curriculum is an effective method to teach management of iatrogenic injuries.
Neutropenia in the age of genetic testing: Advances and challenges
Authors: Furutani Elissa , Newburger Peter E. , Shimamura Akiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIdentification of genetic causes of neutropenia informs precision medicine approaches to medical management and treatment. Accurate diagnosis of genetic neutropenia disorders informs treatment options, enables risk stratification, cancer surveillance, and attention to associated medical complications. The rapidly expanding genetic testing options for the evaluation of neutropenia have led to exciting advances but also new challenges. This review provides a practical guide to germline genetic testing for neutropenia.
A new method to quantify mandibular corpus shape in extant great apes and its potential application to the hominoid fossil record
Authors: Pitirri M. Kathleen , Begun David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesMandibular corpus robusticity (corpus breadth/corpus height) is the most commonly utilized descriptor of the mandibular corpus in the great ape and hominin fossil records. As a consequence of its contoured shape, linear metrics used to characterize mandibular robusticity are inadequate to quantify the shape of the mandibular corpus. Here, we present an alternative to the traditional assessment of mandibular shape by analyzing the outline of the mandibular corpus in cross‐section using landmarks and semilandmarks.Materials and methodsOutlines of the mandibular corpus in cross‐section between M1and M2were quantified in a sample of hominoids and analyzed using generalized Procrustes analysis, ProcrustesANOVA, CVA, and cluster analysis. Corpus breadth and width were also collected from the same sample and analyzed using regression,ANOVA,and cluster analysis.ResultsAnalysis of corpus outline shape revealed significant differences in mandibular corpus shape that are independent of size and sex at the genus level across hominoids. Cluster analysis based on the analysis of corpus outline shape results in almost all specimens grouping based on taxonomic affinity (99.28% correct classification). Comparison of these results to results using traditional measures of mandibular robusticity shows that analysis of the outline of the corpus in cross‐section discriminate extant great apes more reliably.ConclusionThe strong taxonomic signal revealed by this analysis indicates that quantification of the outline of the mandibular corpus more fully captures mandibular corpus shape and offers the potential for greater power in discriminating among taxa in the hominoid fossil record.
Reduction of Carbon Oxides by an Acyclic Silylene: Reductive Coupling of CO
Authors: Protchenko Andrey V. , Vasko Petra , Do Dinh Cao Huan , Hicks Jamie , Fuentes M. Ángeles , Jones Cameron , Aldridge Simon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractReactions of a boryl‐substituted acyclic silylene with carbon dioxide and monoxide are reported. The former proceeds through oxygen atom abstraction, generating CO (with rearrangement of the putative silanone product through silyl‐group transfer). The latter is characterized by reductive coupling of CO to give an ethynediolate fragment, which undergoes formal insertion into the Si−B bond. The net conversion of carbon dioxide with two equivalents of silylene offers a route for the three‐electron reduction of CO2 to [C2O2]2−.
Skeletons of the Eye: An Evolutionary and Developmental Perspective
Authors: Franz‐Odendaal Tamara Anne 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe ocular skeleton, composed of the scleral cartilage and scleral ossicles, is present in many vertebrates. The morphology of the scleral cartilage and ossicles varies within different extant reptiles (including birds) and also varies dramatically from the morphology in extant teleosts. This incredible range of diverse morphologies is the result of millions of years of evolution. Both the position of these elements within the eye and the timing of development vary amongst different vertebrates. While the development of both the scleral cartilage and scleral ossicles is somewhat understood in reptiles and in teleosts, the functional advantage of these elements is still debated. Most reptiles have a multi‐component scleral ossicle ring composed of a series of flat bone plates and a scleral cartilage cup lining the retina, some sharks have calcified cartilage plates, and some teleosts have two bones while most others only have a ring of scleral cartilage. The data presented shows that different vertebrates have adapted to similar selective pressures in different ways. However, the reason why sarcopterygians have a series of overlapping bones in the sclera remains unclear. A better understanding of the ocular skeletal diversity in Reptilia as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms of vision within different environments (i.e., air vs. water) and that used by secondarily aquatic organisms is needed. This review discusses the observed variation in morphology and development of the ocular skeleton in the context of evolution and highlights our knowledge gaps in these areas. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
Saws, Scissors, and Sharks: Late Paleozoic Experimentation with Symphyseal Dentition
Authors: Tapanila Leif , Pruitt Jesse , Wilga Cheryl D. , Pradel Alan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTSharks of Late Paleozoic oceans evolved unique dentitions for catching and eating soft bodied prey. A diverse but poorly preserved clade, edestoids are noted for developing biting teeth at the midline of their jaws. Helicoprion has a continuously growing root to accommodate >100 crowns that spiraled on top of one another to form a symphyseal whorl supported and laterally braced within the lower jaw. Reconstruction of jaw mechanics shows that individual serrated crowns grasped, sliced, and pulled prey items into the esophagus. A new description and interpretation of Edestus provides insight into the anatomy and functional morphology of another specialized edestoid. Edestus has opposing curved blades of teeth that are segmented and shed with growth of the animal. Set on a long jaw the lower blade closes with a posterior motion, effectively slicing prey across multiple opposing serrated crowns. Further examples of symphyseal whorls among Edestoidae are provided from previously undescribed North American examples of Toxoprion, Campyloprion, Agassizodus, and Sinohelicoprion. The symphyseal dentition in edestoids is associated with a rigid jaw suspension and may have arisen in response to an increase in pelagic cephalopod prey during the Late Paleozoic. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:363–376, 2020. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
Safe Casting and Reliable Cusp Reconstruction Assisted by Micro‐Computed Tomographic Scans of Fossil Teeth
Authors: O'Hara Mackie C. , Le Cabec Adeline , Xing Song , Skinner Mark F. , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTDental replicas are frequently utilized in paleoanthropological studies of perikymata and enamel hypoplasia. However, fossil teeth are often fragile and worn, causing two problems: (1) the risk of damage by removing enamel fragments when impression‐making material is separated from the fossil tooth surface, and (2) the need to reconstruct worn portions of the crown to assess perikymata number, distribution, and hypoplasia timing. This study presents the advantages of μCT data of canines and lateral incisors for (1) detecting cracks along the enamel‐dentine junction (EDJ) which could cause damage when casting, and (2) reliably and non‐destructively reconstructing worn or broken cusps. Fragile teeth of Homo naledi, Miocene, and Pleistocene specimens were μCT‐scanned: 2D virtual sections and 3D models allowed for inspecting crack pattern beyond the external surface and 2D virtual sections were used to digitally reconstruct cusp tips (only Homo naledi). Micro‐CT scans allowed cracks running along the EDJ and communicating with radial cracks in the enamel to be identified prior to casting. Cusp reconstructions using μCT data were conducted as precisely as when using thin‐sections or photographs, and with high intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement, while preserving the original specimen and affording numerous planes of virtual section. When available, μCT data should be inspected prior to tooth casting to exclude teeth that show a pattern of cracks that could lead to damage. Virtual sections allow for accessible, reliable, and non‐destructive cusp reconstructions that may be used for developmental (e.g., perikymata and enamel hypoplasia) or enamel thickness studies. Anat Rec, 302:1516–1535, 2019. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
The Effects of a Functional Three‐dimensional (3D) Printed Knee Joint Simulator in Improving Anatomical Spatial Knowledge
Authors: Cai Bohong , Rajendran Kanagasuntheram , Bay Boon Huat , Lee Jieying , Yen Ching‐Chiuan 
Published: December 2018

In recent decades, three‐dimensional (3D) printing as an emerging technology, has been utilized for imparting human anatomy knowledge. However, most 3D printed models are rigid anatomical replicas that are unable to represent dynamic spatial relationships between different anatomical structures. In this study, the data obtained from a computed tomography (CT) scan of a normal knee joint were used to design and fabricate a functional knee joint simulator for anatomical education. Utility of the 3D printed simulator was evaluated in comparison with traditional didactic learning in first‐year medical students (n = 35), so as to understand how the functional 3D simulator could assist in their learning of human anatomy. The outcome measure was a quiz comprising 11 multiple choice questions based on locking and unlocking of the knee joint. Students in the simulation group (mean score = 85.03%, ±SD 10.13%) performed significantly better than those in the didactic learning group, P < 0.05 (mean score = 70.71%, ±SD 15.13%), which was substantiated by large effect size, as shown by a Cohen’s d value of 1.14. In terms of learning outcome, female students who used 3D printed simulators as learning aids achieved greater improvement in their quiz scores as compared to male students in the same group. However, after correcting for the modality of instruction, the sex of the students did not have a significant influence on the learning outcome. This randomized study has demonstrated that the 3D printed simulator is beneficial for anatomical education and can help in enriching students’ learning experience.
Curcumin in tissue engineering: A traditional remedy for modern medicine
Authors: Ahangari Najmeh , Kargozar Saeid , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Baino Francesco , Pasdar Alireza , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Ferns Gordon A. A. , Kim Hae‐Won , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurcumin is the principal polyphenolic compound present in turmeric with broad applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It has some important inherent properties with the potential to facilitate tissue healing, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and antibacterial activities. Therefore, curcumin has been used for the treatment of various damaged tissues, especially wound injuries. There are different forms of curcumin, among which nano‐formulations are of a great importance in regenerative medicine. It is also important to design sophisticated delivery systems for controlled/localized delivery of curcumin to the target tissues and organs. Although there are many reports on the advantages of this compound, further research is required to fully explore its clinical usage. The review describes the physicochemical and biological properties of curcumin and the current state of the evidence on its applications in tissue engineering. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):135–151, 2019
Dual‐responsive pegylated polypeptoids with tunable cloud point temperatures
Authors: Fu Xiaohui , Tian Jiliang , Li Zheng , Sun Jing , Li Zhibo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA series of pegylated polypeptoids have been readily synthesized by a strategy combining ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and thiol‐yne photoaddition. The polypeptoids simultaneously incorporated branched oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) units and thioether bonds in the side‐chains. All the polypeptoids are readily soluble in aqueous solution and show reversible thermo‐responsive properties. The cloud points (CPs) were demonstrated to be readily tunable in the range of ~25 °C‐60 °C by varying the chemical composition, OEG chain length and the degree of polymerization. Attractively, the chemical compositions of the side chains are readily tunable via adjusting the molar ratios of a mixture of thiol terminated OEG molecules, which avoid synthesizing new monomers or copolymerization of different monomers. Further, the oxidation/reduction of thioether groups shows significant influence on the CPs, providing a second stimulus to tune the phase transition behaviors. Considering the biocompatibility and degradability, the dual‐responsive polypeptoids are potential candidates for various biomedical or biotechnological applications.
Characterization of a novel method for the production of single‐span membrane proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Smith Sarah M. , Walker Kelly L. , Jones Alexander S. , Smith Corinne J. , Robinson Colin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe large‐scale production and isolation of recombinant protein is a central element of the biotechnology industry and many of the products have proved extremely beneficial for therapeutic medicine. Escherichia coli is the microorganism of choice for the expression of heterologous proteins for therapeutic application, and a range of high‐value proteins have been targeted to the periplasm using the well characterized Sec protein export pathway. More recently, the ability of the second mainstream protein export system, the twin‐arginine translocase, to transport fully‐folded proteins into the periplasm of not only E. coli, but also other Gram‐negative bacteria, has captured the interest of the biotechnology industry.In this study, we have used a novel approach to block the export of a heterologous Tat substrate in the later stages of the export process, and thereby generate a single‐span membrane protein with the soluble domain positioned on the periplasmic side of the inner membrane. Biochemical and immuno‐electron microscopy approaches were used to investigate the export of human growth hormone by the twin‐arginine translocase, and the generation of a single‐span membrane‐embedded variant. This is the first time that a bonafide biotechnologically relevant protein has been exported by this machinery and visualized directly in this manner. The data presented here demonstrate a novel method for the production of single‐span membrane proteins in E. coli.