bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distributions of morphologically specialized hummingbirds coincide with floral trait matching across an Andean elevational gradient
Authors: Sonne Jesper , Zanata Thais B. , Martín González Ana M. , Cumbicus Torres Nixon L. , Fjeldså Jon , Colwell Robert K. , Tinoco Boris A. , Rahbek Carsten , Dalsgaard Bo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMorphological trait matching between species affects resource partitioning in mutualistic systems. Yet, the determinants of spatial variation in trait matching remain largely unaddressed. Here, we generate a hypothesis that is based on the geographical distributions of species morphologies. To illustrate our hypothesis, as a study system we use hummingbirds in the tropical Andes. Hummingbirds with specialized morphologies (i.e., long or curved bills) may forage on flowers that are inaccessible to hummingbirds with generalized bill morphologies (i.e., small‐to‐medium‐sized bills with no curvature), yet the vast majority of hummingbirds have generalized bill morphologies. Thus, we propose that trait matching across space is determined by the distribution of morphological specialists. In the Andes, we observe the richness of specialized hummingbird morphotypes to peak at high and low elevations. Therefore, we hypothesize that trait matching should be most influential in predicting pairwise interactions at high and low elevations. We illustrate our hypothesis by field observations along an elevational gradient in Podocarpus National Park (Ecuador). Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling of interaction frequencies in combination with network analyzes, we found that hummingbirds at high and low elevations contributed to resource partitioning by foraging on morphologically close‐matching flowers. Moreover, at high and low elevations, hummingbirds with specialized morphologies showed a stronger tendency to visit close‐matching flowers than morphological non‐specialists did. In contrast, at mid‐elevations, hummingbirds were not attracted to morphologically close‐matching flowers. These results suggest that the spatial distribution of specialized morphotypes determines trait matching and the partitioning of interactions within hummingbird–plant communities.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Insulin promotes invasion and migration of KRASG12D mutant HPNE cells by upregulating MMP‐2 gelatinolytic activity via ERK‐ and PI3K‐dependent signalling
Authors: Wang Guangfu , Yin Lingdi , Peng Yunpeng , Gao Yong , Gao Hao , Zhang Jingjing , Lv Nan , Miao Yi , Lu Zipeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesHyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but the function of insulin in carcinogenesis is unclear, so this study aimed to elucidate the carcinogenic effects of insulin and the synergistic effect with the KRAS mutation in the early stage of pancreatic cancer.Materials and methodsA pair of immortalized human pancreatic duct‐derived cells, hTERT‐HPNE E6/E7/st (HPNE) and its oncogenic KRASG12D variant, hTERT‐HPNE E6/E7/KRASG12D/st (HPNE‐mut‐KRAS), were used to investigate the effect of insulin. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‐8 and transwell assays, respectively. The expression of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐2, MMP‐7 and MMP‐9) was evaluated by Western blotting and/or qRT‐PCR. The gelatinase activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in conditioned media was detected using gelatin zymography. The phosphorylation status of AKT, GSK3β, p38, JNK and ERK1/2 MAPK was determined by Western blotting.ResultsThe migration and invasion ability of HPNE cells was increased after the introduction of the mutated KRAS gene, together with an increased expression of MMP‐2. These effects were further enhanced by the simultaneous administration of insulin. The use of MMP‐2 siRNA confirmed that MMP‐2 was involved in the regulation of cell invasion. Furthermore, there was a concentration‐ and time‐dependent increase in gelatinase activity after insulin treatment, which could be reversed by an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (HNMPA‐(AM)3). In addition, insulin markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT, p38, JNK and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways, with wortmannin or LY294002 (a PI3K‐specific inhibitor) and PD98059 (a MEK1‐specific inhibitor) significantly inhibiting the insulin‐induced increase in MMP‐2 gelatinolytic activity.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that insulin induced migration and invasion in HPNE and HPNE‐mut‐KRAS through PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 activation, with MMP‐2 gelatinolytic activity playing a vital role in this process. These findings may provide a new therapeutic target for preventing carcinogenesis and the evolution of pancreatic cancer with a background of hyperinsulinemia.
Advanced oxidation protein products play critical roles in liver diseases
Authors: Zhao Yalei , Zhang Lingjian , Ouyang Xiaoxi , Jiang Zhengyi , Xie Zhongyang , Fan Linxiao , Zhu Danhua , Li Lanjuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a complex oxidant and antioxidant system that maintains the redox homoeostasis in the liver. While suffering from exogenous or endogenous risk factors, the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed and excessive reactive oxygen species are generated, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is prevalent in various liver diseases and is thought to be involved in their pathophysiology. Advanced oxidation protein products are generated under conditions of oxidative damage and are newly described protein markers of oxidative stress. Previous studies have underscored the universal pathogenic roles of oxidation protein products in various diseases. However, investigations into how these products participate in the development of liver diseases have been superficial and insufficient. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the roles of advanced oxidation protein products in liver disease pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we summarize the current studies on advanced oxidation protein products in infectious and noninfectious, acute and chronic liver diseases. Different strategies for targeting these advanced oxidation protein products and future perspectives, which may pave the way for developing new therapeutic strategies, will also be discussed here.
Glucose effectiveness and its components in relation to body mass index
Authors: Morettini Micaela , Di Nardo Francesco , Ingrillini Laura , Fioretti Sandro , Göbl Christian , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Tura Andrea , Pacini Giovanni , Burattini Laura 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundObesity is known to induce a deterioration of insulin sensitivity (SI), one of the insulin‐dependent components of glucose tolerance. However, few studies investigated whether obesity affects also the insulin‐independent component, that is glucose effectiveness (SG). This cross‐sectional study aimed to analyse SG and its components in different body mass index (BMI) categories.Materials and methodsThree groups of subjects spanning different BMI (kg m−2) categories underwent a 3‐h frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test: Lean (LE; 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25, n = 73), Overweight (OW; 25 ≤ BMI < 30, n = 90), and Obese (OB; BMI ≥ 30, n = 41). OB has been further divided into two subgroups, namely Obese I (OB‐I; 30 ≤ BMI < 35, n = 27) and Morbidly Obese (OB‐M; BMI ≥ 35, n = 14). Minimal model analysis provided SG and its components at zero (GEZI) and at basal (BIE) insulin.ResultsValues for SG were 1.98 ± 1.30 × 10−2·min−1 in all subjects grouped and 2.38 ± 1.23, 1.84 ± 0.82, 1.59 ± 0.61 10−2·min−1 in LE, OW and OB, respectively. In all subjects grouped, a significant inverse linear correlation was found between the log‐transformed values of SG and BMI (r = −0.3, P < 0.0001). SG was significantly reduced in OW and OB with respect to LE (P < 0.001) but no significant difference was detected between OB and OW (P = 0.35) and between OB‐I and OB‐M (P = 0.25). Similar results were found for GEZI. BIE was not significantly different among NW, OW and OB (P = 0.11) and between OB‐I and OB‐M (P ≥ 0.07).ConclusionsSG and its major component GEZI deteriorate in overweight individuals compared to those in the normal BMI range, without further deterioration when BMI increases above 30 kg m−2.
Ethnic–Racial Socialization Practices Among Latino Immigrant Families: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Ayón Cecilia , Tran Alisia G. T. T. , Nieri Tanya 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo examine profiles of Latinx immigrant parents' use of ethnic–racial socialization (ERS) strategies, as well as demographic, cultural, and sociopolitical factors associated with those profiles.BackgroundFew studies have examined ethnic–racial socialization strategies beyond cultural socialization among Latinx immigrant families. This study was designed to assess 6 ERS strategies: cultural socialization, promotion of mistrust, adapt (preparation for bias, avoidant coping), advocate (preparation for bias, active coping), promoting the value of diversity, and educating about nativity and documentation status.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional design and a sample of 300 immigrant parents (80% of whom were mothers; overall mean of 3 children). A new validated ERS measure was used along with measures of familismo, social support, and discrimination.ResultsProfile analysis revealed 3 ERS profiles: Low ERS, Moderate ERS, and High ERS. Although parents in the sample used all the ERS strategies, they used adapt and promotion of mistrust with less frequency relative to other strategies across the 3 profiles. Four demographic variables and 2 cultural variables predicted profile membership.ConclusionThis study advances understanding of how Latinx immigrant parents socialize their children in the context of resurgent antiimmigrant sentiment and policy and illuminates the complexities in the ERS process.ImplicationsPractitioners should assess for strategies parents use to prepare their children for racial interactions and the support structures parents have in place. In addition, future interventions need to account for ERS strategies, which are a particularly critical aspect of parenting among immigrants given current attitudes toward immigration in the United States.
Traditional methods for managing illness in newborns and infants in an Arab society
Authors: Arabiat D.H. , Whitehead L. , AL Jabery M. , Towell‐Barnard A. , Shields L. , Abu Sabah E. 
Published: March 2019

AimThis study explored self‐management practices in relation to traditional methods for managing illness in newborns and infants and the implications of these practices on infant health.BackgroundSelf‐medication with folk remedies is believed to have short‐ and long‐term impacts on well‐being. Little is known about how mothers in Arab societies used their traditional beliefs and practices in self‐managing their newborns’ and infants’ health.MethodsData were collected from five focus groups using open‐ended questions with 37 mothers. Participants were selected using snowball sampling and were recruited from four different cities in Jordan between June 2016 and August 2016.Ethical approvalAll identifying information regarding the study participants has been omitted, and this study was approved by the Academic Research Committee at the University of Jordan.FindingsMothers were more willing to try herbal remedies, traditional massage and certain foods to self‐manage their infants’ health. Folk remedies were not restricted to traditions handed down through generations, but included a representation of newly emerged trends towards ‘safety’ or ‘nature’.ConclusionsWhile the use of folk remedies have been handed down generations as customs, today, virtual support groups and social media provide modern resources for folk remedies’ promotion in care and self‐management.Implications for nursing and health policyNursing and health policymakers can use our findings for planning and developing strategies and health policies that increase public awareness about adverse health effects associated with herbal remedies. Such strategies are likely to be facilitated through partnerships between nursing and midwifery education institutions, antenatal clinics and social media in the region.
Water diffusion in Zr‐containing fiberglass materials at room temperature
Authors: Glazneva Tatiana S. , Paukshtis Evgeny A. , Sadovskaya Ekaterina M. , Larina Tatyana V. , Bal'zhinimaev Bair S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiffusion of water into Zr‐containing silica fiberglass materials was studied at room temperature by infrared spectroscopy. Several types of experiments were performed: (a) rehydration with H2O of fiberglass materials previously calcined in air at 450°C and under vacuum at 180°C; (b) isotopic experiments for uncalcined fiberglass materials using D2O with and without the presence of sodium. Water diffusion coefficients were determined in each case. It was suggested that the transfer of the protons and water molecules occurred by different mechanisms: the protons diffused through the hydroxyl groups via the relay mechanism like in liquid water, whereas water diffused more slowly in the form of molecular water.
Influence of PbO stoichiometry on the properties of PZT ceramics and multilayer actuators
Authors: Oldenkotte Moritz , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Schönau Kristin A. , Kühlein Marc , Bernard Thilo , Hoffmann Michael J. , Hinterstein Manuel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLead‐oxide stoichiometry of lead‐zirconate‐titanate (PZT) ceramics and multilayer actuators is a critical issue for fabrication and performance. During sintering, the high vapor pressure and the corresponding volatility of lead oxide (PbO) require a careful design of sintering setup and parameters, as both may significantly impact on the PbO content in ceramics and devices. In order to investigate the effects of PbO stoichiometry, PZT compositions with different PbO contents have been synthesized and were sintered under varying temperature conditions and sintering setups. Structure and microstructure of the material was characterized using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dielectric properties and high field strain behavior were analyzed with respect to their relation to PbO content and grain size. Corresponding experiments with multilayer actuators were carried out, whereby the PbO content was varied by controlling the sintering atmosphere. The results indicate that there is a pronounced correlation between PbO content, structure and high field strain in both, PZT ceramics, and multilayer actuators.
Pruritus characteristics in a large Italian cohort of psoriatic patients
Authors: Damiani G. , Cazzaniga S. , Conic R.R.Z. , Naldi L. ,   Psocare Registry Network
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis (Ps) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease associated with pruritus in 64–98% of patients. However, few modestly sized studies assess factors associated with psoriatic pruritus.ObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with Ps pruritus intensity.MethodsPsoriasis patients 18 years or older seen in one of 155 centres in Italy between September 2005 and 2009 were identified from the Italian PsoCare registry. Patients without cutaneous psoriasis and those with missed information on pruritus were excluded.ResultsWe identified 10 802 patients, with a mean age 48.8 ± 14.3 years. Mild itch was present in 33.2% of patients, moderate in 34.4%, severe in 18.7% and very severe in 13.7%. Higher itch intensity was associated with female gender, lower educational attainment compared to university degree, pustular psoriasis, psoriasis on the head, face, palmoplantar areas, folds and genitalia, more severe disease, disease duration <15 years, and no or few prior systemic treatments.LimitationsEffects of specific medication on itch were not assessed.ConclusionsPruritus should be evaluated during psoriasis visits, and physicians should be aware of patients at higher risk for itch. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of medications on itch, and establish therapy for psoriasis patients with persistent itch.
Perspectives of Patients in Identifying Their Values‐Based Health Priorities
Authors: Feder Shelli L. , Kiwak Eliza , Costello Darcé , Dindo Lilian , Hernandez‐Bigos Kizzy , Vo Lauren , Geda Mary , Blaum Caroline , Tinetti Mary E. , Naik Aanand D. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVESPatient Health Priorities Identification (PHPI) is a values‐based process in which trained facilitators assist older adults with multiple chronic conditions identify their health priorities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients’ perceptions of PHPI.DESIGNQualitative study using thematic analysis.SETTINGIn‐depth semistructured telephone and in‐person interviews.PARTICIPANTSTwenty‐two older adults who participated in the PHPI process.MEASUREMENTSOpen‐ended questions about patient perceptions of the PHPI process, perceived benefits of the process, enablers and barriers to PHPI, and recommendations for process enhancement.RESULTSPatient interviews ranged from 9 to 63 minutes (median = 20 min; interquartile range = 15–26). The mean age was 80 years (standard deviation = 7.96), 64% were female, and all patients identified themselves as white. Of the sample, 73% reported no caregiver involvement in their healthcare; 36% lived alone. Most patients felt able to complete the PHPI process with ease. Perceived benefits included increased knowledge and insight into disease processes and treatment options, patient activation, and enhanced communication with family and clinicians. Patients identified several factors that were both enablers and barriers to PHPI including facilitator characteristics, patient demographic and clinical characteristics, social support, relationships between the patient and their primary care provider, and the changing health priorities of the patient. Recommendations for process enhancement included more frequent and flexible facilitator contacts, selection of patients for participation based on specific patient characteristics, clarification of process aims and expectations, involvement of family, written reminders of established health priorities, short duration between facilitation and primary care provider follow‐up, and the inclusion of health‐related tasks in facilitation visits.CONCLUSIONSPatients found the PHPI process valuable in identifying actionable health priorities and healthcare goals leading to enhanced knowledge, activation, and communication regarding their treatment options and preferences. PHPI may be useful for aligning the healthcare that patients receive with their values‐based priorities.
A Balance of Social Inclusion and Risks: Staff Perceptions of Information and Communication Technology in the Daily Life of Young Adults with Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disability in a Social Care Context
Authors: Ramsten Camilla , Martin Lene , Dag Munir , Marmstål Hammar Lena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInformation and communication technology (ICT) has increased in importance and facilitates participation in several life areas throughout society. However, young adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability make less use ICT than the general population. Disability services staff play a central role in supporting and enabling service users in daily life, and their perceptions of ICT are important to their role in service provision. The aim of the study is to describe staff perceptions of the role of ICT and how it affects daily life in young adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability living in residential homes. Focus group interviews and individual interviews were conducted with staff working in residential homes in which young adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability live. All materials were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using latent content analysis. Staff perceived ICT and, more specifically, the Internet as being supportive of both daily life and social relationships of these young adults, but they also viewed ICT as posing social risks. Perceptions of and support for ICT were related to staff perceptions about what is appropriate and manageable in relation to an individual resident's functioning level. Staff members also considered the views of parents about appropriate content when providing support. Staff in residential homes for young adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability use their implicit moral judgment about the use of ICT by residents. Their enablement of and support for ICT are not primarily based on the service user's wishes or interests. This finding implies a risk that the organization of a conflict‐free service provision is a higher priority than service users' participation in social life.
Milestones in the discovery of Budd‐Chiari syndrome
Authors: Zanetto Alberto , Pellone Monica , Senzolo Marco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn 1845, George Budd published a brief report regarding three patients who developed an obstruction of the hepatic veins. The condition has never been reported before, and was related to sepsis and alcoholism. Fifty‐three years later, Hans Chiari postulated that syphilis was causing the obstruction of the hepatic veins, and enriched the debate with clinical and pathological correlations. Following the hypothesis on the ‘phlebitis obliterans’, several authors proposed other pathophysiological explanations including congenital causes, chronic trauma and exogenous toxins. RG Parker, in 1959, first recognized the relationship between obstruction of hepatic veins and thrombophilic conditions such as polycythaemia vera, pregnancy and hormonal therapy. Based on that, anticoagulant treatment was attempted, but with unsatisfactory outcome. We need to wait until the mid 1980s to see a widespread adoption of anticoagulants, with a consequent improvement of patients' survival. The fear of haemorrhagic events in patients with liver disease discouraged this therapeutic approach, and other surgical interventions (mainly port‐systemic shunts) were conceived, but with high morbidity and mortality. The first liver transplantation in 1976 and the first trans‐jugular intra‐hepatic porto‐systemic shunt in 1993 represented two major cornerstones in the management of Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS). Such progresses allowed modifying the treatment of BCS until the modern concept of stepwise therapy. The present review thoroughly reviews the major landmarks in the discovery, treatment and clinical management of patients with BCS.
SOX10 regulates multiple genes to direct eumelanin versus pheomelanin production in domestic rock pigeon
Authors: Domyan Eric T. , Hardy Jeremy , Wright Tanner , Frazer Cody , Daniels Jordan , Kirkpatrick Joshua , Kirkpatrick Jacob , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Hill Jonathon T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe domesticated rock pigeon (Columba livia) has been bred for hundreds of years to display an immense variety of ornamental attributes such as feather color and color patterns. Color is influenced by multiple loci that impact the type and amount of melanin deposited on the feathers. Pigeons homozygous for the “recessive red” mutation, which causes downregulation of Sox10, display brilliant red feathers instead of blue/black feathers. Sox10 encodes a transcription factor important for melanocyte differentiation and function, but the genes that mediate its promotion of black versus red pigment are unknown. Here, we present a transcriptomic comparison of regenerating feathers from wild‐type and recessive red pigeons to identify candidate SOX10 targets. Our results identify both known and novel targets, including many genes not previously implicated in pigmentation. These data highlight the value of using novel, emerging model organisms to gain insight into the genetic basis of pigment variation.