bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated guidelines on HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis: continued efforts towards increased accessibility
Authors: Allan‐Blitz Lao‐Tzu , Mayer Kenneth H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionHIV transmission is ongoing in both high‐ and low‐resource settings. Post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) remains an important tool in preventing HIV; however, PEP is significantly underutilized. The multitude of barriers to PEP implementation include low patient and provider awareness and acceptability, limited access to treatment and prevention services, and high rates of stigma. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released updated guidance on the delivery of HIV PEP. This commentary aims to highlight the salient changes, evaluate how such recommendations can overcome the existing barriers to PEP implementation and discuss strategies needed to put the updated guidance into practice.DiscussionThe 2024 WHO PEP guidelines continue a trend towards increasing access to PEP. Most notably, the WHO now provides strong recommendations that: (1) PEP be delivered in community settings (e.g. pharmacies, police stations and online platforms), and (2) PEP delivery and monitoring be done via task sharing involving non‐specialist health workers (e.g. pharmacists or community health workers). The guidelines also emphasize that the PEP encounter is an important educable moment whereby a transition to pre‐exposure prophylaxis among individuals at continued risk for HIV infection should be discussed. The decentralization of PEP delivery has the potential to overcome numerous barriers to PEP implementation, reduce time to initiation and support adherence with the 28‐day course. To translate the recommendations into delivery programmes, however, much more work is needed. Detailed templates can help overcome the heterogeneity of both the community settings in which PEP can now be provided and the populations (e.g. survivors of sexual assault, healthcare workers, sex workers, etc.) among whom PEP may be indicated. Training of the workforce will be essential, which should include, as emphasized by the WHO, training in trauma‐based care. Novel formulations of and delivery mechanisms for PEP are also emerging, and how such iterations can synergize with decentralized PEP delivery programmes remains to be seen.ConclusionsThe updated WHO PEP guidelines make major strides towards increasing access to PEP. Realization of such aims will require ongoing evaluation and support given the heterogeneity in who benefits most from PEP.
Increasing event‐driven HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Australia: results from behavioural surveillance 2019–2023
Authors: Chan Curtis , Holt Martin , Smith Anthony K. J. , Broady Timothy R. , MacGibbon James , Mao Limin , Wilcock Ben , Rule John , Bavinton Benjamin R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionHIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been publicly available since 2018 in Australia as a daily regimen. In 2019, clinical guidelines were updated to support guidance on event‐driven PrEP (ED‐PrEP) use. We assessed trends in the PrEP dosing regimen by comparing daily PrEP use to ED‐PrEP among cisgender gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).MethodsData from repeated, cross‐sectional, national behavioural surveillance surveys were analysed from 2019 to 2023 among participants not living with HIV. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess trends and compared ED‐PrEP users to non‐PrEP users and daily PrEP.ResultsAmong 38,880 participants, overall PrEP use with any regimen increased from 27.6% in 2019 to 42.7% in 2023 (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.15−1.18, p < 0.001). Among 12,922 participants who reported PrEP use in the last 6 months, the proportion reporting ED‐PrEP use increased from 7.6% in 2019 to 27.8% in 2023 (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.37−1.46, p < 0.001) with those who reported daily PrEP decreasing from 92.4% to 63.3% (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.62−0.66, p < 0.001). In a cross‐sectional sub‐sample in 2022–2023 (n = 8840), compared to ED‐PrEP users, non‐PrEP users were less likely to have received three or more HIV tests in the last 12 months (aRRR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.22−0.31, p < 0.001), have 2−10 male sexual partners in the last 6 months (aRRR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.14−0.41, p < 0.001) or 11 or more (aRRR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.15−0.45, p < 0.001) compared to none, or to report condomless anal intercourse with casual partners (aRRR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.32−0.46, p < 0.001). Compared to ED‐PrEP users, daily PrEP users were more likely to have received three of more HIV tests in the last year (aRRR = 3.73, 95% CI = 3.15−4.40, p < 0.001) and less likely to be born overseas and lived in Australia for less than 5 years compared to being born in Australia (aRRR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49−0.83, p = 0.001).ConclusionsWhile daily PrEP remains the most common PrEP dosing regimen among GBMSM in Australia, there has been a steep increase in the proportion of PrEP users who are taking ED‐PrEP. Monitoring of PrEP use should continue to adapt to new dosing methods and future PrEP options. As ED‐PrEP use increases, further work is needed to ensure those taking ED‐PrEP are taking it effectively to prevent HIV.
Comparison of technological and physical properties of matcha powders of different geographical origins
Authors: Stępień Anna , Liszka‐Skoczylas Marta , Gwóźdź Gabriela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe sorption characteristics and glass transition temperature are important attributes that determine the shelf life of foods, particularly in powder form, whereas color is a key factor influencing consumer acceptance. As the popularity of matcha green tea powder is increasing, this study investigated whether the country of origin of examples of matcha products available on the Polish market influenced the sorption properties, glass transition temperature, and color.ResultsAll matcha powders exhibited sigmoidal water adsorption isotherms at 25 °C. The monolayer moisture content corresponding to the point of maximum stability ranged from 0.045 to 0.053 g water per g of sample. The glass transition temperature of anhydrous matcha powders varied between 106.3 and 139.0 °C. Based on the sorption and glass transition results, the matcha from Brazil should be the most stable during storage. The same sample showed the highest water solubility index values at temperatures above 80 °C and the lowest bulk density. The color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, and h) depended on the matcha powder variant.ConclusionThe results indicate that the optimal storage conditions for tea powders do not depend directly on the country of origin. Further research should therefore focus on analyzing the impact of climate or fertilization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The use of heat‐treated whey protein isolate as a natural emulsifier in fat‐filled whey powder with a pre‐emulsification process
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Li Ke , Zhang Leilei , Wu Zhengyan , Yu Hongmei , Li Hongbo , Lv Jiaping , Zhang Shuwen , Yu Jinghua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFat‐filled whey powder is a type of whey powder that has been developed in recent years and is widely applied in the dry processing of infant formula milk powder. The addition of sodium caseinate, dextrin, or modified starch as emulsifiers can also improve the stability of fat‐filled whey powders. However, regulations forbid the use of these substances as raw materials in powdered infant formulas. The development of new natural emulsifiers is therefore essential.RESULTSA pre‐emulsification process (P‐EP) with heat‐treated whey protein (HWP) increased the solubility of fat‐filled whey powders, reduced the Turbiscan stability index value, and reduced surface fat content. Microstructural analysis showed that the fat‐filled whey powder in the experimental group (≤35 wt% fat in dry matter) exhibited a more uniform particle distribution in comparison with a control group.CONCLUSIONThe P‐EP with HWP as a natural emulsifier can improve the stability and emulsifying effect in fat‐filled whey powders. The use of P‐EP with HWP was a promising method for producing fat‐filled whey powder without artificial additives, relying solely on milk‐derived ingredients for a clean label. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recurrence Timing and Risk Following Curative Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: Insights From a Hazard Function Analysis
Authors: Kawashima Jun , Akabane Miho , Endo Yutaka , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Altaf Abdullah , Ruzzenente Andrea , Popescu Irinel , Kitago Minoru , Poultsides George , Sasaki Kazunari , Aucejo Federico , Sahara Kota , Endo Itaru , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is no consensus on the optimal surveillance interval for patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We sought to assess the timing and intensity of recurrence following curative‐intent resection of CRLM utilizing a recurrence‐free survival (RFS) hazard function analysis.MethodsPatients with CRLM who underwent curative‐intent resection were identified from a multi‐institutional database. The RFS hazard function was used to plot hazard rates and identify the peak of recurrence over time.ResultsAmong 1804 patients, the median RFS was 19.9 months. In the analytic cohort, the RFS hazard curve peaked at 5.9 months (peak hazard rate: 0.054) and gradually declined, indicative of early recurrence. In subgroup analyses, patients with high and medium tumor burden scores (TBS) had RFS hazard peaks at 4.9 months (peak hazard rate: 0.060) and 5.8 months (peak hazard rate: 0.054), respectively. In contrast, patients with low TBS had a later peak at 7.5 months, with the lowest peak hazard rate of 0.047.ConclusionsThe recurrence peak for CRLM patients occurred approximately 6 months postsurgery, highlighting the need for intensified early postoperative surveillance. Patients with high TBS experienced earlier recurrence, underscoring the importance of close monitoring, particularly during the first 6 months after surgery.
Drive Them to Rail—How Can Tourist Destinations Increase the Market Share of Rail Travel? A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Bursa Bartosz , Tappeiner Gottfried , Vicoli Sebastian , Mölk Felix , Mailer Markus 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMobility accounts for the largest share of CO2 emissions generated by tourism industry. The extent of CO2 resulting from tourists' long‐distance travel depends strongly on the transport mode used. To reduce these emissions, destinations should engage in promoting a shift from flying and driving to traveling on rail. This study hypothesizes that the entire mobility chain, that is, long‐distance travel and mobility at destination, represents an interconnected bundle of services. Using data from a Discrete Choice Experiment conducted with visitors to a tourist destination in Austrian Alps, we estimated the effects of attributes of long‐distance travel by personal vehicle and rail (travel time, travel costs, number of transfers) and effects of attributes of local mobility services offered at the destination (transit frequency, carsharing, mobility hub). The outcomes indicate that local mobility services are highly relevant for transport mode choice of tourists and can increase the market share of rail significantly.
Collaborating for growth: Insights from Publisherspeak UK 2024, a scholarly publishing community gathering – part 1
Authors: Venkataramani Ravi , Mahadevan Sowmya , Ramkumar Arun , De Boer Jason , Krishnan Janani , Russell Louise , Anderton Sophia , Burley Caroline , Cockburn Emily , Kelly Joe 
Published: November 2024

Key points
Publisherspeak UK 2024, sponsored by Kriyadocs, facilitated breakout sessions to tackle key challenges in scholarly publishing.
Themes explored included research integrity, interoperability, environmental sustainability, and research communities.
Solutions focused on enhancing collaboration, standardizing industry guidelines, and improving efficiency across publishing workflows.
Delegates developed strategies to address the diffusion of responsibility in research integrity and foster interoperability.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement Based on Finite Analytical Method for Two‐Dimensional Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Xiao Chang‐Hao , Yu Jin‐Biao , Cao Wei‐Dong , Wang Yong , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Liu Zhi‐Feng , Wang Min 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, we improve the traditional adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) by combining it with the finite analytical method (FAM) to solve the multiphase flow in heterogeneous porous media numerically. The FAM can provide rather accurate internodal transmissibility, and it is employed to improve the accuracy of coarsening and refining processes in AMR. The high performance of the proposed AMR‐FAM is indicated through numerical tests for solving the two‐phase flow in 2D heterogeneous media. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed AMR‐FAM is more accurate than the traditional AMR‐FAM. Compared with the simulation in the original fine grids, the proposed AMR‐FAM can provide nearly the same results. Moreover, the computational cost in the AMR grids is only approximately one‐third of the cost in the original fine grids according to our numerical tests.
Impact of Overactive Bladder and Dry Mouth on Subjective and Comprehensive Sleep Quality in Older Adults With Nocturia
Authors: Natsume Osamu , Shimizu Takuto , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNocturia is among the most common and bothersome urinary tract symptoms in older adults. While sleep quality is key to nocturia management, there is little information on the impact of nocturia itself on sleep quality. We investigated the impacts of nocturia on sleep quality and quality of life and explored factors contributing to reduced sleep quality.MethodsA total of 186 men, aged 42–88 years (patients with nocturia and a control group), were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Nocturia Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire, a visual analog scale measurement of dry mouth, and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, among other tools. Patients were graded into four categories of nocturia severity based on 3‐day frequency volume charts. Factors associated with reduced subjective and comprehensive sleep quality were investigated using multiple regression analysis.ResultsInitial undisturbed sleep duration was negatively associated with nocturia frequency. Subjective and comprehensive sleep quality, overactive bladder scores, sleep efficiency and oral dryness were significantly associated with nocturia‐related quality of life, when controlled for both age and nocturia severity. Sleep efficiency was a major predictor of reduced subjective and comprehensive sleep quality; overactive bladder scores and oral dryness were also independently significantly associated with reduced subjective and comprehensive sleep quality on multiple regression analysis, although nocturia frequency and initial undisturbed sleep duration were not.ConclusionsIt may be beneficial to conduct a comprehensive assessment for overactive bladder and dry mouth when managing nocturia in older adults with poor sleep quality.
Prevalence of Pain and Associated Clinical Characteristics in 10‐Year Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Howren M. Bryant , Pagedar Nitin A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivePain prevalence in long‐term head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors is important but understudied to date. The present investigation examined pain prevalence, associated clinical characteristics, and disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in a cohort of survivors 10 years postdiagnosis (N = 187).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle‐institution tertiary care center.MethodsPain was assessed using a single‐item numeric rating scale. Clinical characteristics were abstracted from the patient medical record and HNC‐specific HRQOL scores were measured using the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI) and are presented by the pain subgroup.ResultsAt 10 years postdiagnosis, 56.7% reported no pain, 20.3% reported mild pain, 16.0% reported moderate pain, and 7.0% reported severe pain. Most patients with moderate or severe pain at the 10‐year follow‐up assessment also had advanced‐stage disease at diagnosis. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that advanced‐stage disease at diagnosis was a significant predictor of pain at 10 years postdiagnosis controlling for age, sex, and comorbidity status (β = .184, t = 2.193, P = .030, sr2 = 0.025). Across all HNC‐specific HRQOL domains, those reporting moderate/severe pain at 10 years postdiagnosis failed to reach a score of 70 which is indicative of high functioning on the HNCI in the areas of aesthetics, eating, speech, and social disruption.ConclusionPain is a significant issue in long‐term HNC survivors up to 10 years postdiagnosis. More research is needed to understand the correlates and types of long‐term pain exhibited after treatment, including the implementation of screening and intervention into clinical workflow to improve outcomes and optimize HNC survivorship care.
Management of Ganglioneuroma and Ganglioneuroblastoma Intermixed: A United Kingdom Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (UK CCLG) Nationwide Study Report
Authors: Burnand Katherine M. , Neville Jonathan , Budzanowski Annita , Okoye Bruce O. , Cross Kate , Wheeler Kate , Gray Juliet , Hall Nigel , Ramanujakar Ramya , Reddy Snigdha , Pachl Max , Kierulff Carla , Herd Fiona , Makin Guy , Howell Lisa , Pizer Barry , Rogers Timothy , Al‐Khafaji Nadeem , Tweddle Deborah , Carruthers Vicky‐Anne , Barone Giuseppe , Anderson John , Vaidya Sucheta , George Sally , Braungart Sarah , Kwok Chun , Jacovides Michael , Burke Amos , Yeomanson Dan , Murphy Dermot , Losty Paul D. , Angelini Paola , Gabra Hany 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGanglioneuroblastoma intermixed (GNBi) and ganglioneuroma (GN) represent benign variants of peripheral neuroblastic tumours. While historically surgical resection was recommended, watchful active observation has become the accepted management for a subset of patients.ObjectivesTo review clinical features, biology, natural history and management of a retrospective UK CCLG study cohort of GN and GNBi, and compare outcomes of patients treated with surgical resection or watchful active observation.MethodsRetrospective review of histologically confirmed non‐metastatic GN and GNBi diagnosed between 1990 and 2020.ResultsA total of 259 patients were identified (163 GN, 93 GNBi, median age 62 months). In all 201 (78%) had initial surgery and 58 (22%) were observed. Overall survival was 98%. Twenty‐one of 58 observed (36%) required subsequent surgery due to progressive tumour growth (52%). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 79% of patients with a 19% complication rate. GTR was obtained in a similar proportion of patients having initial surgery (65%) and delayed surgery (76%). Patients obtaining GTR were more likely to have complete symptom(s) control (43% vs. 24%). In 45 cases (39%), surgical pathology was different from pathology at biopsy, and in 14 (12%) the pathology changed from GN/GNBi to neuroblastoma/GNB nodular.ConclusionWatchful active observation can be a safe approach, with surgical resection reserved for symptomatic patients. However, a small proportion of patients in the observation group had their diagnosis revised to malignant at surgery. Careful assessment of surgical risk and expected benefits, after considering an initial period of observation, will allow clinicians to make optimal decisions for patients and their families.
Pediatric Head and Neck Malignancies in the United States: A 20‐Year Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kraguljac Simo , Hajjar Fouad , Wong Richard , Shah Jatin , Lopez Joseph 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEpidemiologic data for pediatric head and neck (HN) cancers in the United States (US) have not been reported in many years. An update is essential to highlight trends to guide future treatment.MethodsWe analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database from 2000 to 2019. We included patients aged <1–21 years with a malignancy in the HN region. We also report trends in incidence rates over time.ResultsHN tumors encompassed 16.7% of all pediatric tumors with a mean age of 13.1 years. Females accounted for 59.0% of tumors. The female predominance is largely due to thyroid carcinoma; if thyroid malignancies are excluded male incidence is higher. The overall incidence (0–19 years) was found to be 3.29 malignancies per 100,000 person‐years. The incidence from 2000 to 2004 was 2.84 [95% CI, 2.77, 2.91] while from 2015 to 2019 was 3.65 [3.57, 3.73]. This increase of 28.5% was greater than overall pediatric cancer, which increased by 13.7%. Incidence varies significantly by age group with 4.56 [4.35, 4.78] at age <1, 2.45 [2.37, 2.53] from 1 to 4 years, 1.46 [1.40, 1.51] from 5 to 9 years, 2.27 [2.21, 2.34] from 10 to 14 years, 4.81 [4.71, 4.90] from 15 to 19 years, and 7.35 [7.17, 7.40] from 20 to 21 years. Thus, there is a bimodal rise at the extremes of the pediatric age group.ConclusionsPediatric HN tumors more commonly affect females. These tumors appear in a bimodal distribution; they most commonly present in very young patients and then during late adolescence The incidence has increased since 2000 and faster than overall incidence. Reporting of these data and trends will allow for advancement in treatment.
An Improved Synthesis of Compound 11, a Unique Bicyclic Melanocortin‐3 Antagonist
Authors: Joy Stephen T. , Dahir Naima S. , Cone Roger D. , Mapp Anna K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe melanocortin‐3 receptor (MC3R) is a G‐protein coupled receptor that regulates appetite and is a potential therapeutic target for anorexia and weight loss treatments. The report of a highly selective synthetic antagonist of MC3R, Cpd11, represents a major advance toward therapeutic targeting of MC3R. However, Cpd11 is challenging to access synthetically, severely limiting its use and additional structural optimization. Here, we outline an improved synthesis of Cpd11 that addresses three major synthetic challenges, including the formation of Cpd11's structurally unique bicyclic core. With these changes, Cpd11 was readily produced (2.3 mg from a 0.05 mmol scale versus ≪ 0.1 mg using the original synthetic methodology) and utilized in MC3R studies in C57BL/6J male mice. Thus, this new approach will increase the accessibility of Cpd11 and is translatable to related bicyclic agonists and antagonists for other melanocortin receptors and may have general applicability toward the synthesis of other multicyclic poly‐cysteine peptides.
Comparing the Effects of Different Dielectric Materials on an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet by Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Huang Po‐Chun , Weng Hao‐Hsiang , Hsueh Cheng‐Hsiao , Tsai Hsing‐Che , Cheng Yun‐Chien 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how quartz and alumina affect atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) stability using numerical simulations and experiments. Unlike previous research, it uses simulations and equivalent circuits to explore discharge characteristics. Experimental results show a temperature increase in quartz APPJ, leading to decreased gas voltage and enhanced plasma intensity, validated by equivalent circuit analysis. Alumina APPJ maintains more stable plasma intensity. Simulation reveals that higher dielectric coefficients enhance capacitance, leading to higher plasma parameters such as electron density, ion density, and electron temperature. This research clarifies quartz's voltage increase over time, which is crucial for biomedical plasma applications, aiding in selection of stable dielectric materials.