bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refoulement sexuel et radicalisation
Authors: Badache René 
Published: January 2019

En partant d’expressions misogynes violentes issues de séances de théâtre forum, cet article interroge les liens entre refoulement sexuel et fondamentalisme. Comme le fascisme au xxe siècle, l’islamisme excelle dans la manipulation d’adolescents en quête de sens par une intériorisation du déplacement des énergies sexuelles au profit d’un sentiment religieux substitutif, puis de la violence.	Toute tentative émancipatrice devrait prendre en compte ce complexe psycho-socio-sexuel de masse. La démarche du théâtre institutionnel permet d’en faire le diagnostic, mais aussi d’ouvrir des espaces transitionnels allant dans le sens de la co-construction, en refusant de considérer les jeunes en danger et/ou dangereux comme uniquement atteints d’une pathologie individuelle.
Mechanical Eye (Globe) Injuries in Children
Authors: Vasnaik Andrew , Vasu Usha , Battu Ravindra Rama , Kurian Mathew , George Sony 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: The epidemiology of mechanical eye injuries in children was studied to identify the agents of injury and their contribution to the severity of visual loss and to suggest preventive measures.
Methods: The mode, type, and severity of injury were correlated with the visual acuity 6 months after the injury in all children with mechanical eye injuries between January 1 994 to January 1 999.
Results: Of the 68 children with mechanical eye injuries, the mode of injury was host (child) related in 1 2 (1 7.65%) patients, agent related in 40 (58.82%) patients, and environment related in 16 (23.53%) patients. Mild injuries were seen in 22 (32.35%) patients, 31 (45.59%) patients had moderate injuries, and 15 (22.06%) patients had severe injuries. None of the patients with host-related injuries had a severe injury. Six (66.67%) patients with host-related injuries had a good visual outcome and none had a poor outcome. Among patients with agentrelated injuries, 1 1 (25%) had a good outcome, 1 4 (40%) patients had a fair outcome, and 10 (22.5%) patients had a poor outcome. Of the patients with environment-related injuries 3 (33.33%) each had good, fair, and poor visual outcomes.
Conclusions: Agent and environment-related injuries had a far worse outcome than host-related injuries. This epidemiological classification directly suggests practical preventive measures that can be adopted at home or at schoo) to reduce the incidence and severity of ocular injuries. The other predictors of the final visual outcome were the severity of the injury at presentation and the necessity for a secondary surgical procedure.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:5-10.
Long-Term Rates of PCO Following Small Incision Foldable Acrylic Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children
Authors: Stager David R , Weakley David R , Hunter Jeffrey S 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the long-term incidence of postoperative posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in children undergoing small incision foldable acrylic lens implantation with at least 2 years of follow up.
Methods: In 18 children, 26 eyes underwent small incision cataract extraction with posterior chamber foldable acrylic lens implantation. The posterior capsule was left intact in all patients at the time of surgery.
Results: With a mean follow up of 2.75 years and a mean age at surgery of 8.25 years, 13 of 26 eyes (50%) developed visually significant PCO requiring intervention. In the group of children under 4 years of age, 5 of 5 eyes (100%) developed visually significant PCO, while 8 of 21 eyes (38%) in the group of children over 4 years of age developed opacification. Four of 26 eyes (15%) required two procedures (either repeat Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy or pars plana secondary membrane removal) to clear the visual axis.
Conclusion: In this study, the incidence of PCO following small incision acrylic lens implantation in children over 4 years of age is lower than those rates reported by conventional large incision rigid lens techniques with a minimum of 2 years follow up. This technique has advantages over conventional techniques in older children because it offers less surgical intervention, a lower cost to patients, and less risk of vitreous and retinal complications.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:73-76.
Ocular Outcomes in Low Birth Weight Premature Infants With Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Christiansen Stephen P , Fray Katherine J , Spencer Trey 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To study ocular outcomes in very low birth weight premature infants with intraveniricular hemorrhage.
Methods: Parents of 490 consecutive very low birth weight (less than 1500 g) premature infants who were discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital between 1 994 and 1 996 were asked to enroll their child/children in this cross-sectional study. Sixty infants (12%) were recruited and had complete masked ophthalmologic examinations at 12 months corrected gestational age. The medical records of each infant were reviewed after the eye examination was complete. The occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage and other perinatal comorbidities was documented. Ocular outcomes of infants with no or low-grade (grades 1-11) hemorrhages were compared with those of infants with highgrade (grades lll-IV} intraventricular hemorrhage.
Results: Of the 60 infants examined, 17 (28%) had neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. Eleven (18%) had high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage, and 49 (82%) had no or low-grade hemorrhage. Of the 1 1 infants with high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage, 8 173%) had strabismus compared with 7 (14%) of 49 infants with no or low-grade hemorrhages who developed strabismus (P<0.001). The high-grade group also had a larger proportion of infants with ocular motility defects (P=OOOS), nystagmus (P<0.001>, optic nerve atrophy (P<0.001), and abnormal retinal findings (P=O. 039). Additionally, these infants were more likely to have stage 3 or worse retinopathy of prematurity (P=O. 00.3).
Conclusions: These results confirm the findings of our earlier retrospective study, and suggest that the occurrence of high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage in (he early postnatal period places these infants at significant risk for adverse ocular outcomes. These infants require close ophthalmologic surveillance.
Journal of Pediatrie Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:157-165.
Relationships Between Visual Acuity and Anomalous Head Posture in Patients With Congenital Nystagmus
Authors: Stevens Deanna J , Hertle Richard W 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To determine whether patients with congenital nystagmus and an anomalous head posture have better binocular visual acuity than such patients without an anomalous head posture.
Patients and Methods: This was an observational case series of prospectively collected data for 125 patients with clinical and oculographically confirmed congenital nystagmus. Clinical data were tabulated using computer software. Statistical analyses compared binocular visual acuity with and without the presence of a clinically evident anomalous head posture and visual acuity with and without associated sensory disease.
Results: The mean visual acuity was 20/42 (log of the minimal angle of resolution [MAR], 0.32) in patients with an anomalous head posture and 20/83 (logMAR, 0.62) in patients with no anomalous head posture P < .001). Among patients with disease of the sensory system, those with an anomalous head posture had a mean visual acuity of 20/55 (logMAR, 0.44) and those without an anomalous head posture had a mean visual acuity of 20/108 (logMAR, 0.73; P < .001).
Effect of Disinsertion of Rectus Eye Muscles on Aqueous Humor Composition in Rabbits
Authors: Simon Guy J Ben , Abraham Spierer 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate aqueous humor composition and biochemical analysis in a rabbit model for anterior segment ischemia.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six rabbits underwent bilateral disinsertion of the four rectus eye muscles. One day later, aqueous humor (0.1 to 0.2 mL) was withdrawn from the anterior chamber and the concentrations of electrolytes, glucose, and lactate were determined. Similar assessments were performed in 8 eyes of 4 control rabbits that were not operated on.
* RESULTS: Sodium and calcium concentrations (mean ± standard deviation) were significandy higher in the study group than in the control group (142 ± 2.9 vs 138 ± 2 mmol/L, P= .002, and 1.4 ± 0.1 vs 1.3 ± 0 mmol/L, P= .005, respectively). Potassium concentrations were significandy lower in the study group than in the control group (4.1 ± 0.5 vs 4.5 ±0.1 mmol/L; P= .02). The mean glucose level in the study group was 108.4 mg/dL, which is comparable to the published normal value of 108 mg/dL, and the mean lactate level was 124 mg/dL, which is significandy higher than the published normal value of 78 mg/dL (P =.001).
* CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral disinsertion of the four rectus muscles in rabbits resulted in a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier, as reflected and measured by an electrolyte imbalance. These experimental results may be useful in the future in searching for methods of manipulating the ischemic response. There is currendy no indication to perform anterior chamber taps in humans for that purpose.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:31-36.]
Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Cataract Surgery: Outcome of Phacoemulsification Versus Manual Extracapsular Cataract Extraction Through a Sclerocorneal Tunnel
Authors: Axer-Siegel Ruth , Dotan Gad , Rosenblatt Irit , Benjamini Yoav , Weinberger Dov 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of combined pars plana vitrectomy and cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation by phacoemulsification versus manual extracapsular cataract extraction through a sclerocorneal tunnel.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent combined pars plana vitrectomy with intraocular lens implantation and phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction through a sclerocorneal tunnel between March 1992 and July 2002.
* RESULTS: Fifty-four eyes of 51 patients were evaluated. Mean age was 69.68 ±9.11 years, and mean follow-up was 9 months. Phacoemulsification was performed in 35 cases (64%) and manual extraction in 19 cases (36%). Visual acuity improved from mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution 1.69 ± 0.54 before surgery to 1.22 ± 0.76 after surgery. There was a greater improvement of visual acuity in the phacoemulsification group (0.59 ± 0.67) than in the extracapsular cataract extraction group (0.22 ± 0.68) (P = .06). Final visual acuity was correlated to the vitreoretinal pathology. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed well-positioned foldable or rigid intraocular lens in the bag or in the sulcus.
* CONCLUSION: Combined cataract extraction by phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction through sclerocorneal tunnel and pars plana vitrectomy are safe and effective procedures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:94-98.]
Estudos citogenéticos: condensação cromossômica prematura (PCC) em culturas de linfócitos do sangue periférico e culturas de lesões de verrugas cutâneas induzidas pela infecção espontânea do papilomavírus em bovinos
Authors: Marins Rachel Siqueira de Queiroz Simões , Nogueira Denise Monnerat , Pereira Sílvia Regina Ferreira Gonçalves , Cassiano Keila Mara , Maues Tábata , Dias Viviane Guimarães , Moreira Lio , Carvalho Eulógio Carlos Queiroz de 
Published: January 2019

<div><div>O papilomavírus é um vírus DNA oncogênico dermotrópico que induz a lesões benignas e malignas descrita em uma ampla variedade de hospedeiros. Evidências sugerem que o vírus é espécie e tecido específico. No entanto, vários relatos tem mostrado o desenvolvimento de lesões em hospedeiros filogeneticamente próximos. Foram analisadas um total de 30 amostras de sangue e tumores de bovinos afetados por lesões papilomatosas cutâneas. Nosso estudo relatou a condensação cromossômica prematura (PCC) em culturas de linfócitos do sangue periférico e em culturas de verrugas cutâneas, detectando a hiperproliferação celular epitelial, confirmada pelo processamento de tecidos histológicos. A morfologia da PCC reflete a fase do ciclo celular, exibindo níveis específicos da cromatina condensada prematuramente. Estes resultados indicaram uma falha no mecanismo de controle celular, com o rompimento de barreiras mitóticas, induzidas pela infecção espontânea do vírus.</div></div>
Blastopore Fate: Amphistomy, Protostomy or Deuterostomy
Authors: Nielsen Claus 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The bilaterian tubular gut with mouth and anus is generally believed to have evolved from the sack‐shaped gut of a gastrula‐like organism. Cell‐lineage studies show that gastrulation through epiboly and invagination follow similar patterns with the cells of the blastopore rim bordering the cells which give rise to endo‐mesoderm. Three theories for the evolution of the tubular gut prevail: (1) Protostomy in which the blastopore should become the mouth and the anus develop secondarily, (2) Deuterostomy in which the blastopore should become the anus and the mouth develop secondarily and (3) Amphistomy in which the blastopore should become divided into mouth and anus through fusion of the lateral blastopore lips. A recent review has discussed the most informative characters related to the blastopore fates, viz. fate of the actual blastoporal opening; fate of the tissues surrounding the blastoporal opening, studied both through cell‐lineage and gene expression; morphology and embryology of the central nervous systems; and morphology of larval ciliary bands according to the trochaea theory. It is concluded that the tubular gut with mouth and anus most probably evolved through amphistomy.

Key Concepts

The latest common ancestor of the eumetazoans (ctenophores and placozoans are not discussed here) was a gastrula‐like organism, with a sac‐shaped gut with a blastopore.

The tubular gut of the bilateral animals evolved from the sack‐shaped gut of the common ancestor.

Amphistomy is a condition in which the tubular gut evolved from the sack‐shaped gut through lateral blastopore closure, leaving mouth and anus.

Protostomy is a condition in which the blastopore was retained as the bilaterian mouth, the anus developing as a secondary opening.

Deuterostomy is a condition in which the blastopore was retained as the bilaterian anus, the mouth developing as a secondary opening.

In invagination gastrula, the gastrula develops from a blastula through invagination of the endoderm forming the archenteron with the blastopore.

In epibolic gastrula, there is no invagination, but the endo‐mesodermal cells become internalized through overgrowth by the ectodermal cells; the endoderm differentiates into the gut, and mouth and anus develop from ectodermal invaginations, stomodaeum and proctodaeum, respectively.
Evolutionary Ethnobiology
Authors: Ferreira Júnior Washington Soares , de Medeiros Patricia Muniz , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEthnobiology is a discipline that deals with understanding the relationship between human beings and biota. The strong interdisciplinary component of ethnobiology allows it to interact with different fields of knowledge. The evolutionary approach in ethnobiology is not completely absent; however, it lacks systematisation, which has been recently proposed. From this proposal, the evolutionary ethnobiology emerged. This approach studies the relations between human groups and biota from theoretical scenarios of ecology and evolution. This article presents the evolutionary ethnobiology, its key concepts, the theoretical scenarios with which it dialogues and the main findings of the recent investigations in this approach.Key ConceptsEvolutionary ethnobiology seeks the understanding of people–biota interactions from ecological and evolutionary scenarios.The field has an interdisciplinary nature in order to dialogue with scenarios from different disciplines, such as cultural evolution, evolutionary psychology and niche construction theory.Evolutionary ethnobiology deals with theoretical scenarios related to biological evolution and cultural evolution, usually seeking the association of both.This scientific field studies not only the structure and dynamics of social–ecological systems but also the forms and biases of cultural learning related to these systems.The adaptive strategies present in human populations, whether they are genetically fixed or products of cultural evolution, are usually based on obtaining security in the use of natural resources.
Cryptic Species and Their Evolutionary Significance
Authors: Struck Torsten H , Cerca José 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCryptic species are detected at an ever‐increasing rate, mainly due to the application of molecular data. While the impact of this hidden diversity on macro‐ecology and conversation biology is widely recognized, its evolutionary significance is rarely. In recent years, it became apparent that definitions of cryptic species are too ambiguous to allow the differentiation between natural phenomena from human‐made artefacts. Hence, recently, a unifying conceptual framework has been proposed highlighting the necessity to test the degree of reduced phenotypic disparity in cryptic species. Within this reduced disparity also lies the evolutionary significance, as cryptic species can be regarded as the opposite of adaptive radiations. Specifically, studies on evolutionary stasis can substantially benefit from including these by addressing both patterns of reduced disparity and processes resulting in the lack of phenotypic evolution. In addition, this will allow connecting macro‐evolutionary and paleontological studies with micro‐evolutionary investigations of genotype‐phenotype linkage.Key ConceptsCryptic species are phenotypically highly similar species.Species complexes resulting from taxonomic artefacts should not be considered as cryptic species.To identify cryptic species, first one should establish species boundaries and only then study processes resulting in phenotypic similarity.Cryptic species could result from recent speciation, parallelism, convergence or stasis.Evolution of cryptic species through stasis holds the potential to enlighten us about deceleration of phenotypic evolution.Cryptic species (shallow morphological differences, pronounced genetic divergence) could be considered as the opposite of adaptive radiation (pronounced morphological differences, shallow genetic divergence).
Photostimulation for In Vitro Optogenetics with High‐Power Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Morton Andrew , Murawski Caroline , Deng Yali , Keum Changmin , Miles Gareth B. , Tello Javier A. , Gather Malte C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOptogenetics, photostimulation of neural tissues rendered sensitive to light, is widely used in neuroscience to modulate the electrical excitability of neurons. For effective optical excitation of neurons, light wavelength and power density must fit with the expression levels and biophysical properties of the genetically encoded light‐sensitive ion channels used to confer light sensitivity on cells—most commonly, channelrhodopsins (ChRs). As light sources, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) offer attractive properties for miniaturized implantable devices for in vivo optical stimulation, but they do not yet operate routinely at the optical powers required for optogenetics. Here, OLEDs with doped charge transport layers are demonstrated that deliver blue light with good stability over millions of pulses, at powers sufficient to activate the ChR, CheRiff when expressed in cultured primary neurons, allowing live cell imaging of neural activity with the red genetically encoded calcium indicator, jRCaMP1a. Intracellular calcium responses scale with the radiant flux of OLED emission, when varied through changes in the current density, number of pulses, frequency, and pulse width delivered to the devices. The reported optimization and characterization of high‐power OLEDs are foundational for the development of miniaturized OLEDs with thin‐layer encapsulation on bioimplantable devices to allow single‐cell activation in vivo.
Poly(alkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)‐Based Polymerized Ionic Liquids: A Potential High‐Performance Lubricating Grease
Authors: Wu Jian , Mu Liwen , Feng Xin , Lu Xiaohua , Larsson Roland , Shi Yijun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolymers prepared from ionic liquids are widely called polymerized ionic liquids (PILs). Compared to monocationic and dicationic ILs, PILs have higher molecular weights, charge, and greater intermolecular interactions, which make PILs have a higher possibility to generate better lubricity. PILs of poly‐alkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PImC6NTf2) is studied herein. Dicationic ILs of 1,1′‐(pentane‐1,5‐diyl)‐bis(3‐butylimidazolium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BIm5‐(NTf2)2) is used as additive to decrease the crystallization temperature of PImC6NTf2. Lubricity of PImC6NTf2 and PImC6NTf2+BIm5‐(NTf2)2, as well as BIm5‐(NTf2)2 for comparison is evaluated under severe conditions, i.e., 3.0 to 3.5 GPa and 200 °C. The rheological study suggests that PImC6NTf2 can be classified into grease. Tribological test results show that PImC6NTf2 has much better antiwear property than BIm5‐(NTf2)2, especially at 3.5 GPa. Adding 4% BIm5‐(NTf2)2 to PImC6NTf2 is able to reduce friction under high pressure. At 200 °C, PImC6NTf2 exhibits excellent lubricity. The mixture of 96%PImC6NTf2+4%BIm5‐(NTf2)2 shows even better antiwear property than neat PImC6NTf2 and exhibits the highest friction reducing property among the ILs at 200 °C. It is speculated that the robust strength of PILs and strong adhesion between PILs and solids are key factors in achieving the excellent antiwear property.
Light‐Permeable Air Filter with Self‐Polarized Nylon‐11 Nanofibers for Enhanced Trapping of Particulate Matters
Authors: Park Daehoon , Kim Minje , Lee Sol , Yoon Ick‐Jae , Lee Kayoung , Lee Min Hyung , Nah Junghyo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecently, there is a growing demand of high‐performance, lightweight, and light‐permeable air filters due to severe air pollution. Nanofiber air filters have been actively investigated to filter out ultrafine particulate matters (PMs) in air. Among various polymer nanofibers, Nylon‐6 nanofibers have been widely adopted to fabricate air filters owing to their mechanical strength and chemical stability. However, the filtering efficiency of the Nylon‐6 air filter is relatively low when it has high light transmittance. Thus, a relatively thick nanofiber layer is required to ensure the filtering efficiency, leading to a high pressure drop and low light transmittance. Herein, the fabrication and performance of an air filter made of ferroelectric Nylon‐11 nanofibers is introduced. The air filters fabricated with ferroelectric Nylon‐11 demonstrate much improved PM filtering efficiency due to their spontaneous polarization. Specifically, for inorganic PMs, a higher filtration efficiency of ≈70% is obtained for trapping PM2.5 using the filter with 80% light transmittance, which is ≈20% higher compared to that of the Nylon‐6 air filter with the same light transmittance. Particularly, the Nylon‐11 air filter exhibits higher quality factors for both organic and inorganic PMs owing to its high filtering efficiency and breathability. The approach introduced herein is a simple route for fabricating high‐performance air filters.