bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les emprunts du gbàyà au français : enjeux et usages au cameroun
Authors: NABOULA Lili 
Published: October 2019

RÉSUMÉ. Ce travail a pour objectif de présenter les causes pour lesquelles le gbàyà emprunte au français. Il présente également les différents types d’emprunts. Se faisant, il donne des informations sur le processus d’usage de ces emprunts lors de leurs intégrations dans la langue gbàyà. Par l’utilisation de la grammaire descriptive appliquée à la théorie du structuralisme, ainsi qu’à la mise en relief de l’observation participante, l’on a pu les analyser et les décrire. L’analyse des données porte sur un corpus qui est constitué des mots gbàyà. Ce corpus vient des entretiens que l’on a eu avec les locuteurs natifs qui nous ont donné une liste de mots gbàyà qui a été transcrite, segmentée et décrite. Au sortir de cette analyse, il en découle qu’on distingue plusieurs types d’emprunts français qui se font de façon motivée et immotivée. Ce travail a permis de voir la portée de ces emprunts dans l’enrichissement et le développement de la langue gbàyà. Mots-clés : enjeux, emprunts, français, gbàyà, usagesABSTRACT. This work has as aim to present the reasons for which gbàyà takes words from french. It shows also in which way words are taken. By so doing, it gives the informations of the process of use while speaking gbàyà. By the use of descriptive grammar, linked to the structuralism theory, also emphasize on the practical observation, it has come to description and analysis. The data analyzed are some words in gbàyà. Those words, which make up an interview done with the native speakers who gave us a list of gbàyà words has been transcribed, cut and described. At the end of this analysis, it appears that many types of words are taken from French with justifications or not. This work has permitted us to see that the words taken from french has enriched and developed the gbàyà language. Keywords: borrow, french, gbàyà, stakes, uses
Şanlıurfa Yöresinde Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Eminium (Blume) Schott (Araceae Juss.) Cinsine Ait Taksonların Anatomik ve Morfolojik Yönden İncelenmesi
Authors: AKAN Hasan , ÇEÇEN Cahit , BALOS Mehmet Maruf 
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada, Şanlıurfa’da doğal yayılış gösteren
Araceae Juss. Familyasının Eminium (Blume) Schott cinsine ait türlerinin
morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Şanlıurfa’da yapılan
floristik çalışmada Eminium intortum (Banks &amp; Sol.) Kuntze, E. rauwolffii (Blume) Schott
ve E. spiculatum (Blume)
Schott’un doğal
yayılış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Toplanan türler herbaryum standartlarına uygun olarak kurutulmuş ve
morfolojik ölçümler yapılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümler ‘Resimli Türkiye Florası’ ve
‘Flora of Turkey’ ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Anatomik çalışmalar parafin yöntemi
modifiye edilerek yapılmıştır. Anatomik çalışmalarda el kesitleri de
alınmıştır. Çalışılan taksonların kök, skapa ve yaprak anatomileri
incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan skape anatomisinde; E.
spiculatum ve E. intortum’da
epidermisin altında belirli aralıklarla dizilmiş kollenkima hücre kümeleri
gözlenmiştir. E. rauwolffii’de
kollenkimatik hücre kümeleri gözlenmemiştir. Yaprak anatomisinde her üç türde
de Epidermiste stoma hücreleri mezomorf ve amfistomatik’tir. Stoma tipi
anomositik ve parasitik stomadır.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE LEGAL CULTURE OF FUTURE ECONOMIC BACHELOR
Authors: S. Sovhira , O. Bezliudnyi , Y. Pidlisnyi 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The article deals with the problem of the formation of the legal culture of bachelors in economics through conducting a pedagogical experiment.
Methodology: Conducting a pedagogical experiment required the study of the structure of the legal culture of the future bachelor of economics considered by us through the prism of the "block" method, on the basis of which three criteria were identified - motivational-value (MV), cognitive-informational (CI), activity-behavioral (AB) formation of legal culture Bachelor of Economics.
Result: the growth of the quantitative indicators of the formation of the legal culture of future bachelors in economics in the EG regarding the CG shows the effectiveness of the process of forming the legal culture of students in the EG.
Applications: This research can be used for bachelors and students in economics.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the legal culture of future economic bachelor is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
METHODS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL OF A UNIVERSITY GRADUATE
Authors: L. N. Kharchenko , R. M. Abdulgalimov , D. V. Gulyakin , E. N. Sorokina , N. N. Kharlanova , R. M. Magomedova , O. V. Pergun 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The article presents the author's approach to assessing the human capital of a graduate of a regional university. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the problem of assessing of human capital is especially acute for pedagogy, since the contribution of education to the formation of human capital is one of the determining factors, and the contribution of pedagogy to the study of the pedagogical aspects of this phenomenon is extremely small.
Methodology: The authors propose a methodology and technology for assessing human capital. In particular, it was proposed to use an integrated approach to the assessment of human capital of a graduate of a regional university, the essence of which is to add the absolute values of indicators of individual components of capital, and then based on the data calculate the relative indicator of the quality of human capital.
Result: The result of training and the main goal of improving the quality of training of specialists at a regional university will be to ensure the minimum deviation of the level of the human capital of the graduate achieved during the period of study at the university, from the level of human capital established by regulatory requirements.
STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIFITAS PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH KELAS X IPS DI MAN 1 MALANG
Authors: Astuti Erfa Ila Fuji 
Published: October 2019

<div class="WordSection1"><p>The importance of teachers’ strategy in the learning process is inseparable from the occurrence of several obstacles faced by the students. It is especially related to History subject. This subject is well-known for its numerous theories and stories. Thus, to make the teaching and learning process effective and to prevent boredom during the class activity, the teachers must apply the suitable strategies in teaching, particularly for history subject. The writer has formulated the objectives of this study, namely: (1) to describe the strategies which is usually use in the history of learning process (2) to describe the strategies implementation chosen by teachers to improve the learning process effectiveness of History subject for the Tenth graders of Social Science class in MAN 1 Malang, (3) to describe the obstacles faced by teachers when the learning process takes place. The results of the study show that, (1) the strategy commonly used is the use of receptive, inquiry, jigsaw and think pair share methods (2) the process of implementing the strategies chosen by the teacher to improve the learning process effectiveness of the History subject given for Tenth graders of Social Science class in MAN 1 Malang undergo several stages. Those are the planning stage that is making lesson plans; the implementation stage, which is a preliminary stage in which the teacher checks the students’ attendance and provides stimulus to students; and the core stage where the teacher uses a variety of learning methods that have been selected such as lecture, inquiry, think pair share, and jigsaw, (3) The obstacles faced by the teacher when the learning process takes place are the students themselves. The examples are the students’ skill to comprehend the material, students’ character, some passive students and noisy students. </p><p class="CPAuthor"><em>K</em><em>ey</em><em>wo</em><em>r</em><em>ds:</em><em> </em><em>teacher strategy; learning effectiveness; history subject</em><em></em></p></div><strong><br clear="all" /></strong>
CONVENTIONAL INDIRECTNESS STRATEGIES ON REQUEST USED BY MALE AND FEMALE SPEAKERS IN SPOKEN BRITISH NATIONAL CORPUS
Authors: Indriarti Tantri Refa , Mawarni Yulia R. 
Published: October 2019

<p>This study aims at analysing conventional indirectness strategies on request used by British English speakers as shown in spoken British National Corpus (BNC). Conventional indirect strategy is often rated as the most polite expression of politeness. In this case, male and female obviously have different strategies for making the request, which may be influenced by some factors. A qualitative approach was employed to conduct this study since the data are the utterances produced by male and female speakers in spoken BNC. The study revealed that there were 187 utterances that contain Conventional Indirectness Strategies on request used by male and female speakers in spoken BNC. Ability conditions was the strategy of conventional indirect request that mostly used by the male and female speakers. Then, the three factors (i.e. gender, age, and social class) have an effect and significant role on the speaker’s choice of strategies employed by British English speakers. As this study is focused on the indirect request strategies, thus it is suggested to the next researchers who are interested in the same study could be expected to conduct the indirect request strategies by adding more factors.</p><p> </p>
La necesaria construcción de un sistema público de pensiones para la sociedad mexicana
Authors: Ramírez Berenice 
Published: October 2019

A partir de los indicadores que utiliza la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) en su estudio y publicación Reversing Pension Privatizations Rebuilding: Public Pension Systems in Eastern Europe and Latin America (2018) se evalúan los sistemas de pensiones en México, para situar la discusión acerca de las siguientes preguntas: ¿la privatización ha sido un fracaso?, ¿se requiere reversión de la privatización o solamente reformas al actual sistema?, ¿sería suficiente? o ¿habría que construir un integral sistema de pensiones públicas? Para situar las posibles respuestas, se presenta el diagnóstico y la situación actual de los sistemas de pensiones en México, así como los principales retos y escenarios para la sociedad mexicana, ante la ausencia e insuficiencia de pensiones en un contexto de mayoritaria informalidad en el empleo, bajos ingresos y envejecimiento demográfico.
Characteristic and Diversity Vegetation of Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park as Dietary Sources for Reintroduced Sumatran Orang Utan (Pongo abelii Lesson)
Authors: Kuswanda Wanda , Barus Sriyanti P. 
Published: October 2019

<p>The population of Sumatran orang utan in natural habitat has been declined and threatened with extinction. The orang utanreintroduction program is expected to increase breeding and population in nature. This study aimed to analyze the important value index of vegetation as well as the diversity and abundance species of Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park (BTNP) as dietary sources for reintroduced Sumatran orang utan. The research was conducted during two years from 2015 to 2016. The data collection for flora characteristics is done through the vegetation analysis with strip transects method. Plots were selected by stratification method based on the resort management and the land cover, like primary and secondary forests. Total flora species on a plot of 2.8<br />ha were identified about 301 species. The highest variation found in Suo-Suo Resort (139 species) and the lowest in Talang Lakat Resort (82 species). The dominant species have been found were Eugenia grandiflora O. Berg, Macaranga lowii King ex Hook.f., Shore iliginosa Foxw., and Tarrietia rubiginosa Kostern. Vegetation chararacteristic to be identified were tree density of 350-552.5 individuals/ha, species diversity index of 2.86-4.19, and abundance index of 32.1087.35. It also identified that vegetation characteristic among resort and land cover were different (p &lt;0.05). Moreover, there were about 110 species of tree plants including of 31 families that found as dietary sources for orang utan and leaves became the highest plant parts which consumed by orang utans (41.8%) compared to other parts. Based on area size, ecosystem types as well as vegetation composition and variation, BTNP may support the increasing population of orang utans. However, there needs to be considered that other<br />aspects such as high human activity within the conservation area, particularly by Talang Mamak tribe communities, may cause unsuccessful achievement on reintroduction program of orang utan.</p>
The Effectiveness of Pyrethrum, Neem, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae Against Brown Plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)
Authors: Kardinan Agus , Wahyono Tri Eko , Tarigan Nurbetti 
Published: October 2019

<p>Brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is the main pest on rice cultivation. Synthetic insecticides application had negative impact to the human health and environment. The research objective was aimed to examine the effectiveness of botanical (pyrethrum and neem) and bio-insecticides (Beauveria bassiana/Bb and Metarhizium anisopliae/Ma) against brown plant hopper. Research was conducted at Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor in 2017. Trial consisted of two activities: the effectiveness of botanical and bio-insecticides to brown plant hopper mortality and horizontal transmission of bio-insecticides on brown plant hoppers. Botanical pesticide tested was (1) pyrethrum I (5 ml.l-1 water ), (2) pyrethrum II (5 ml.l-1 water), (3) neem I (20 ml.l-1 water), (4) neem II (20 ml.l-1 water), (5) synthetic insecticide (2 ml.l-1 water) and (6) control. Bio-insecticide treatments were (1) Bb (spraying, 2.5 ml/plant), (2) Bb (granule, 5 g/pot), (3) Ma (spraying, 2.5 ml/plant), (4) Ma (granule, 5 g/ pot) and (5) control. Treatments of horizontal transmission was the ratio of infected : healthy brown plant hopper 1 : 10; 2 : 10; 3 : 10 and 4 : 10. Botanical insecticides were prospective to suppressing brown plant hopper population of 85-87 % (pyrethrum) and 60-70 % (neem). B. bassiana was able to suppress brown plant hopper population (18.2%), better than M. anisopliae (5.6 %). Biological insecticide application by contact (spraying) was better than applied in granules form. Botanical insecticide application showed no horizontal transmission from infected to healthy insect. Botanical insecticide (pyrethrum and neem) was more prospective than bio-insecticide (B. bassiana and M. anisopliae) in controlling brown plant hopper. </p>
Structural-and-Parametric Optimization of Automatic Control System for Power Units of 300 MW in Wide Range of Load Variations
Authors: Artsiomenka K. I. 
Published: October 2019

The structural-parametric optimization of the automatic control system for power units (ACSPU) of 300 MW of Lukoml’skaya GRES (Lukoml Local Condensing Power Plant) in the mode of both the permanent and the variable superheated steam pressure upstream of the turbine is under consideration. During 1974–1979, eight units of the Lukoml’skaya GRES implemented the ACSPU with a leading boiler power control. At the moment, these systems no longer meet all the frequency control quality requirements. In 2016, the daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system was as follows: the basic part of the schedule of electric loads was covered by combined heat and power plants (CHP) and by mini-CHP (which are the least maneuverable of the power plants), the semi-peak part of it–by local condensing power plants (Lukoml’skaya GRES and Berezovskaya GRES), the peak part–by import electric energy from neighboring power systems. However, this year the first unit of the Belorussian NPP will be put into operation, while the second one–in 2020. After the launch of the Belorussian NPP, it will cover basic part of load curve; CPPs will cover the semi-peak part, while the peak part of load curve will be covered by local condensing power plants. Correspondingly, due to the alteration of the structure of daily schedule of electric loads of the Belarusian power system, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of power units of Lukoml’skaya GRES as well as of the entire Lukoml’skaya GRES in general. This can be achieved with the help of the method of parametric optimization of the typical ACSPU proposed in the present paper. As a result, the quality of control of power and pressure upstream of the turbine will be improved; the flow of fuel will be reduced, as well as the turbine regulation valve displacement; environmental performance of entire power plant will be improved, too. The proposed technique has been confirmed by the results of computer simulation of transient processes in the automatic control system under external and internal disturbances.
Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals mechanisms of low pollen-pistil compatibility during water lily cross breeding
Authors: Sun Chun-Qing , Chen Fa-Di , Teng Nian-Jun , Yao Yue-Mei , Shan Xi , dai zhongliang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In water lily ( Nymphaea ) hybrid breeding, breeders often encounter non-viable seeds, which make it difficult to transfer desired or targeted genes of different Nymphaea germplasm. We found that pre-fertilization barriers were the main factor in the failure of the hybridization of Nymphaea . The mechanism of low compatibility between the pollen and stigma remains unclear; therefore, we studied the differences of stigma transcripts and proteomes at 0, 2, and 6 hours after pollination (HAP). Moreover, some regulatory genes and functional proteins that may cause low pollen-pistil compatibility in Nymphaea were identified.
Results: RNA-seq was performed for three comparisons (2 vs 0 HAP, 6 vs 2 HAP, 6 vs 0 HAP), and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 8,789 (4,680 were up-regulated), 6,401 (3,020 were up-regulated), and 11,284 (6,148 were up-regulated), respectively. Using label-free analysis, 75 (2 vs 0 HAP) proteins (43 increased and 32 decreased), nine (6 vs 2 HAP) proteins (three increased and six decreased), and 90 (6 vs 0 HAP) proteins (52 increased and 38 decreased) were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism , hydrogen peroxide decomposition and metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, secondary metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
Conclusions: Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted specific genes, incuding those in ROS metabolism, biosynthesis of flavonoids, SAM metabolism, cell wall organization or biogenesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis that warrant further study in investigations of the pollen-stigma interaction of water lily. This study strengthens our understanding of the mechanism of low pollen-pistil compatibility in Nymphaea at the molecular level, and provides a theoretical basis for overcoming the pre-fertilization barriers in Nymphaea in the future.
Evaluation of an online knowledge translation intervention to promote cancer risk reduction behaviours: findings from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Neil-Sztramko Sarah , Belita Emily , Levinson Anthony , Boyko Jennifer , Dobbins Maureen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Many cancers are preventable through lifestyle modification; however, few adults engage in behaviors that are in line with cancer prevention guidelines. This may be partly due to the mixed messages on effective cancer prevention strategies in popular media. The goal of the McMaster Optimal Aging Portal (the Portal) is to increase access to trustworthy health information. The purpose of this study was to explore if and how knowledge translation strategies to disseminate cancer prevention evidence using the Portal influence participants’ knowledge, intentions and health behaviors related to cancer risk.Methods

Adults ≥40 years old, with no cancer history were randomized to a 12-week intervention (weekly emails and social media posts) or control group. Quantitative data on knowledge, intentions and behaviors (physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption and use of tobacco products) were collected at baseline, end of study and three months later. Participant engagement was assessed using Google Analytics, and participant satisfaction through open-ended survey questions and semi-structured interviews.Results

Participants (n = 557, mean age 64.9) were predominantly retired (72%) females (81%). Knowledge of cancer prevention guidelines was higher in the intervention group at end of study only. Intentions to follow cancer prevention guidelines increased in both groups, with no between-group differences. Intervention participants reported greater light-intensity physical activity at end of study, and reduced alcohol intake at follow up, but no other between-group differences were found. Overall satisfaction with the Portal and intervention materials was high.Conclusions

Dissemination of evidence-based cancer prevention information through the Portal improves knowledge of risk-reduction strategies and may impact self-reported health behaviours in particular groups. Further tailoring of knowledge translation strategies may be needed to see more meaningful change in knowledge and health behaviours.
Obesity in the fire service: An inside look at the perceptions of firefighters towards obesity and other health issues
Authors: Bucala Matthew , Sweet Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Despite being an extremely physically demanding job, there exists a high prevalence of obesity for members of the fire service nationally based on recent studies. The fire service has a unique culture and environment that likely influences behaviors and attitudes among the members, and in turn impacts their health.Objectives Based on previous research we hypothesized that cultural and structural aspects of the fire service contribute to the rise in obesity among its members. The primary aims of this research project were: (1) to determine the current extent, or prevalence, of obesity among members of a large eastern US fire department (“X Fire Department”), and (2) to elucidate aspects of the physical and cultural environment that may contribute to obesity risk among members (specifically, diet, exercise, and sleep). Methods This two-phase, mixed-methods study involved conducting qualitative interviews with (n=17) members of the X Fire Department (Phase I) and collecting online questionnaire data (n=120) from a broader department-wide sample of 1,400 active members.Results The data gathered in Phase II indicated that out of the (n=120) members that participated in the study the average BMI was 29 with approximately 40% of the respondents falling into the category of obese. The data indicated that while overall diet and exercise has improved in the department in recent years there are still factors impacting the diet, exercise, and sleep levels of the members that contribute to risk for obesity and other adverse health conditions.Conclusion There are factors in the X Fire Department that are negatively impacting the members’ ability to eat, exercise, and sleep properly, which in turn we believe is directly attributable to the high percentage of obesity in our study. Our hope is that this research will highlight the areas that require immediate action and to add to existing research in order to instill in a change in other fire departments nationally.