bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of BiOCl‐CoWO4 nanocomposites with improved photocatalytic activity
Authors: Paul Chowdhury Arpita , Shambharkar Baban H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe have synthesized novel BiOCl‐CoWO4 heterostructured nanocomposites through chemical precipitation route with different amount of CoWO4 using KCl as Cl source at a temperature of 100°C, 4 hours. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV‐visible NIR spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed to gain the crystal structure, morphology, optical properties, surface area, and charge separation of the prepared photocatalysts. BiOCl‐CoWO4 composites demonstrated the diffraction peaks of both monoclinic CoWO4 nanoparticles and tetragonal BiOCl indicating the formation of the nanocomposite. TEM observations have shown that CoWO4 nanoparticles were deposited on the BiOCl surface. Photoluminescence, fluorescence lifetime study, and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy responses of materials indicated a good separation efficiency of charge carriers in BiOCl‐CoWO4‐1. The photodegradation efficiency of the prepared materials was assessed by the decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) dye solution under sunlight irradiation. Among the synthesized materials, the BiOCl‐CoWO4‐1 composite photocatalyst exhibited maximum photocatalytic activity. Thus the resulting heterostructure favored the efficient charge and energy transfer between BiOCl and CoWO4 nanoparticles across the interface. The investigations from the radical scavenger tests showed that photogenerated h+, O2∙−, and •OH radicals were involved in the photodegradation of RhB.
A universal HF‐free synthetic method to highly efficient narrow‐band red‐emitting A2XF6:Mn4+ (A = K, Na, Rb, Cs; X = Si, Ge, Ti) phosphors
Authors: Luo Xuefang , Hou Ziyang , Zhou Tianliang , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMn4+‐activated fluoride red‐emitting narrow‐band phosphors have been successfully used in wide color‐gamut white LEDs for liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights. However, highly concentrated and toxic HF is usually used in their synthesis, causing environment and safety issues. In this work, we proposed a HF‐free green method, that is, using NH4F/HCl instead of HF, to synthesize a series of A2XF6:Mn4+ (A = K, Na, Rb, Cs; X = Si, Ge, Ti) phosphors. The microstructure, photoluminescence (PL) properties, thermal quenching, and applications of the synthesized phosphors were investigated. Using the proposed approach, the phosphors generally showed a pure phase, a particle size ranging from 5 to 45 μm, and some characteristic sharp emission lines of Mn4+ in the red spectral range. The internal quantum efficiency was varied in a broad range of 69%‐94% under the 460 nm excitation, depending on the composition of the fluoride host. Among these compositions, K2XF6:Mn4+ (X = Ge and Ti) phosphors even had a similar external quantum efficiency (>60%) with commercial ones. By combining K2GeF6:Mn4+ (narrow‐band red) and β‐sialon:Eu2+ (narrow‐band green) with a blue LED, a white light‐emitting diode (wLED) backlight with a color gamut of 87.7% National Television System Committee Standard, color temperature of 8423 K, and a luminous efficacy of 110.8 lm/W was demonstrated. These results indicate that the synthetic method proposed in this work is universal for preparing highly efficient fluoride phosphors used in wLEDs.
Involving caregivers in self‐management interventions for patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Noonan Miriam C. , Wingham Jennifer , Dalal Hasnain M. , Taylor Rod S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo quantify the impact of involving caregivers in self‐management interventions on health‐related quality of life of patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.DesignSystematic review, meta‐analysis.Data sourcesSearched: Medline Ebsco, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, The British Library and ProQuest. Search time frame; January 1990–March 2018.Review MethodsRandomized controlled trials involving caregivers in self‐management interventions (≥2 components) compared with usual care for patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A matched sample based on publication year, geographic location and inclusion of an exercise intervention of studies not involving caregivers were identified. Primary outcome of analysis was patient health‐related quality of life.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials (1,701 participants: 1,439 heart failure; 262 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) involving caregivers (mean age 59; 58% female) were identified. Reported patient health‐related quality of life measures included; Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire, St. George's respiratory questionnaire and Short‐Form‐36. Compared with usual care, there was similar magnitude in mean improvement in patient health‐related quality of life with self‐management interventions in trials involving caregivers (SMD: 0.23, 95% confidence interval: −0.15–0.61) compared with trials without caregivers (SMD: 0.27, 0.08–0.46).ConclusionWithin the methodological constraints of this study, our results indicate that involving caregivers in self‐management interventions does not result in additional improvement in patient health‐related quality of life in heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, involvement of caregivers in intervention delivery remains an important consideration and key area of research.ImpactGreater understanding and awareness is needed of the methodology of caregiver engagement in intervention development and delivery and its impact on patient outcomes.
Reasons for choosing or refusing care from a nurse practitioner: Results from a national population‐based survey
Authors: Craswell Alison , Dwyer Trudy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo understand the public's willingness or lack thereof, to be seen and treated by a nurse practitioner (NP) as the first point of contact when accessing healthcare services.DesignThis cross‐sectional, population‐based survey study used computer assisted telephone interviewing to elicit public opinions on the topic.MethodsData were collected in July and August 2015 from calls randomly placed to Australian households. Survey questions were developed from previous surveys and pilot tested. Summative content analysis was used to analyse open‐ended responses.ResultsMost respondents were always, or in some situations, willing to receive care from a nurse practitioner. The main themes identified from those willing to be seen by a nurse practitioner in any situation were, (a) appropriately qualified nurse practitioners, (b) the knowledge and experience to refer on if necessary. Description of situations from those unwilling to be seen by a nurse practitioner related to concern about appropriate care in a life‐threatening condition.ConclusionRespondents unwilling to consider any care from a nurse practitioner or care in an emergency situation, reveal a lack of understanding of their role in the wider healthcare team. As the number of nurse practitioners increase, professional groups and community awareness programmes should be focused on explaining and promoting their essential role.ImpactThis study addresses the increasing healthcare requirements of ageing populations through understanding acceptance by society to the provision of care from health professionals other than medical practitioners.Most respondents were willing to be seen by a nurse practitioner for all or most of their healthcare needs. Lack of understanding of their scope of practice and role in the wider healthcare team, particularly in emergency situations, was reflected in responses. Those who would refuse care from a NP were in the minority. Appropriateness and acceptability of the roles of health professionals to provide quality care collaboration need consideration by policy makers.
What is important for advance care planning in the palliative phase of people with intellectual disabilities? A multi‐perspective interview study
Authors: Voss Hille , Vogel Anique , Wagemans Annemieke M. A. , Francke Anneke L. , Metsemakers Job F. M. , Courtens Annemie M. , de Veer Anke J. E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is the process of discussing and documenting wishes and preferences for future care. Research about ACP for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is limited. This study describes what is important for ACP in the palliative phase of people with intellectual disabilities.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with people with intellectual disabilities (n = 5), relatives (n = 7) and professional caregivers (n = 8). Qualitative data were analysed inductively, using the principles of thematic analysis.ResultsImportant themes in ACP were as follows: tailoring care, working as a team and taking and giving time. The perceived role of people with intellectual disabilities in ACP was to express their wishes. Relatives had a signalling, representing and contributing role. Professionals felt their role was to inform, collaborate and coordinate.ConclusionsA staff training programme about ACP should cover how to build and maintain close relationships, provide a safe environment and address ACP as an integral part of care.
Outcomes from a community‐based Positive Behavioural Support team for children and adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Bowring Darren L. , Totsika Vasiliki , Hastings Richard P. , Toogood Sandy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious evaluations of community PBS teams have not investigated whether behaviour change is both statistically reliable and clinically significant. Few previous studies have reported quality of life (QoL) and social validity outcomes.MethodThe present authors collected data on 85 people referred to a specialist PBS team. The present authors used a unique set of multiple measures and statistical change metrics to evaluate outcome.ResultsStatistically significant improvements in QoL and health‐related QoL (HRQoL), with medium to large effect sizes, were demonstrated following PBS input. Mean Behaviour Problems Inventory‐Short Form scores reduced from 37.74 (SD = 30.54) at baseline to 12.12 (SD = 12.24) at follow‐up, with a large effect size (d = 0.84). Stakeholders reported valuing the process and outcomes of PBS, findings which support the social validity of PBS for people with developmental disabilities.ConclusionThis study demonstrates successful PBS outcomes in QoL, HRQoL, challenging behaviour and social validity in a community setting.
Life after release from prison: The experience of ex‐offenders with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chiu Pak , Triantafyllopoulou Paraskevi , Murphy Glynis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the UK, little is known about the experience of ex‐prisoners with intellectual disabilities.MethodA qualitative study was therefore conducted to investigate what life is like for ten men with intellectual disabilities who left prison at least 9 months previously. Semi‐structured interviews were employed to explore the men's views of post‐prison life, including opportunities/challenges and support received from services.ResultsThrough interpretative phenomenological analysis, four over‐arching themes were constructed: the nature of support and services, the difficulty of staying out of trouble, the importance of family and the need to act the “tough guy”. The participants reported being extremely under‐supported. They were often hostile about staff who they felt were too focused on their previous crime.ConclusionsIn general, men were very under‐supported and the upheavals of post‐prison lives appeared to be “normalized” by them. Better understanding of their lives within their social context would benefit their community re‐entry.
A step in the global effort to control hypertension: Fixed dose combination antihypertensive drugs
Authors: Campbell Norm R. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of antihypertensive drugs have recently been added to the World Health Organization model list of essential medications. FDCs have advantages in the management of hypertension compared to single drug tablets including improved adherence, greater blood pressure lowering and are associated with reduced cardiovascular complications. FDCs can also reduce ethnic, and age‐related variation in blood pressure lowering and have similar or reduced adverse effects relative to single‐drug therapy. Best hypertension control practices from the World Health Organization HEARTS program advocates the use of FDC in simple directive treatment protocols. FDC in simple directive protocols was viewed as a key success factor in the control of chronic infections (eg, tuberculosis, HIV). Unfortunately, implementing simple directive protocols with FDC has had substantial opposition from hypertension experts. Hypertension organizations and experts need to familiarize themselves with best practices in hypertension control, their supporting evidence and to become advocates.
Atopic dermatitis is associated with increased use of social benefits: a register‐based cohort study
Authors: Slagor R.M. , Nørreslet L.B. , Ebbehøj N.E. , Bonde J.P. , Thomsen S.F. , Agner T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe comprehensive consequences of atopic dermatitis (AD) include a negative influence on work life. However, data regarding use of social benefits in patients with AD are sparse.ObjectiveTo examine the association between AD and use of social benefits, with a specific focus on paid sick leave and disability pension.MethodsThe study cohort comprises citizens born in the period 1964–1999 with a diagnosis of AD registered in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) and a 20‐fold match control group from the background population. Cross‐linkage of data from 1964 up to 2015 by four national registers (the DNPR; the Central Person Register; the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics; and the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalisation) enabled the comparison of AD patients and controls with respect to social benefits. Prescription of systemic medication served as a proxy for AD severity. Social benefits were analysed as a function of AD status using Cox regression.ResultsA total of 28 156 AD patients were registered in the DNPR, and the control group comprised 473 836 individuals not registered with AD in the DNPR. AD was found to be associated with increased risk of receiving social benefits, paid sick leave in particular, and most pronounced for younger patients with severe AD (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.25–1.52). The use of disability pension was increased for all groups of AD patients compared to controls and most pronounced for older patients with severe AD [HR 1.67 (95% CI: 1.45–1.93)].ConclusionOur data emphasize that AD significantly impacts work life negatively for the patients and is a financial burden for the society.
Sun‐protection and sun‐exposure habits among sailors: results of the 2018 world's largest sailing race Barcolana’ skin cancer prevention campaign
Authors: Zalaudek I. , Conforti C. , Corneli P. , Jurakic Toncic R. , di Meo N. , Pizzichetta M.A. , Fadel M. , Mitija G. , Curiel‐Lewandrowski C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic data suggest an increased risk of melanoma (MM) and non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in persons with intense recreational sun‐exposure such as marathon runners or surfers. Up to data little is known about the sun‐exposure habits, sun‐protection behaviours and risk factors for MM and NMSC among sailors.ObjectiveThe objective of this prospective, cross‐sectional study was to investigate the sun‐exposure and sun‐protective habits and risk factors for skin cancer among sailors attending the 50° edition of Barcolana, the largest sailing race in of the world, which took place in October 2018 in Trieste, Italy as an integrative component of a public sun‐prevention campaign.MethodsThe study consisted of 2 parts: (i) a self‐administered questionnaire focusing on sun‐exposure and protective habits and (ii) a free skin examination carried out by volunteer dermatologists. Participation was optional and anonymous, and open to visitors and sailors attending the event.ResultsOverall, 431 (52.4%) sailors and 391 (47.6%) visitors responded to the questionnaire, while a total of 437 individuals including 189 (43.3%) sailors and 248 (56.6%) visitors participated in the skin examination group. The majority of sailors reported a past history of severe sunburns (20.2%), applied sunscreen never (14.4%) to sometimes (45.7%) or only once daily (59%) on the face (55%) and shoulders (26%). Moreover, 14% of sailors had a personal history of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). During the dermatological examination, suspicious lesions for skin cancer (including MM and NMSC) were identified in 37% of the sailors.ConclusionOur findings support the need to develop and promote primary and secondary prevention strategies to improve the sun‐exposure and sun‐protective habits among sailors.
Evaluation of moisturizing and irritation potential of sacha inchi oil
Authors: Soimee Wichuda , Nakyai Wongnapa , Charoensit Pensri , Grandmottet Francois , Worasakwutiphong Saran , Phimnuan Preeyawass , Viyoch Jarupa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe moisturizing and irritation effects of sacha inchi oil were evaluated.Study Design The moisturizing effect on the skin was clinically assessed using a regression study design. Sacha inchi oil or olive oil (benchmark) was applied on the left or right lower leg of the subjects for 14 days followed by application discontinuation for 2 days. The TEWL, skin moisture content and dryness appearance were observed.MethodsThe fatty acid composition and characteristics of cold‐pressed sacha inchi seed oil were determined. Skin tissues cultured ex vivo were used to assess primary irritation induced by the oil by examining keratin 1 expression and TNF‐α and IL‐1α release from the oil‐applied tissues.ResultsThe sacha inchi oil contained 42.3% linolenic acid and 39.5% linoleic acid. This oil's saponification, iodine, acid and peroxide values were 168.58 ± 1.55 mg KOH/g, 203.00 ± 0.04 g I2/100 g, 1.68 ± 0.03 mg KOH/g, and 1.95 ± 0.26 mEq peroxide/kg, respectively. Compared with nontreated skin tissues, induced secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐1α and disruption of keratin 1 integrity in the stratum corneum layer were not found in the sacha inchi oil‐treated tissues. In a clinical study with 13 volunteers, the improvement in moisture content and skin dryness appearance at the sacha inchi oil‐applied site was comparable with that observed at the olive oil‐applied site.ConclusionsThe sacha inchi oil was mild to the skin and benefited dry skin.
Chronic eyelid edema and xerophthalmia secondary to periorbital hyaluronic acid filler injection
Authors: Khalil Krystina , Arnold Nichelle , Seiger Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) is a popular, nonsurgical, temporary technique that is commonly used in the periocular region to restore volume in areas that have undergone volume loss, as well as adjusting the height and contour of the eyebrow.AimsDue to the location of glands, nerves, and vasculature, the facial anatomy should be well understood to avoid injections into areas that may result in complications.Patient/MethodsA 54‐year‐old woman presented for a cosmetic consultation to address "puffy eyelids". She states she had HA filler injected along the orbital ridge inferior to the eyebrow and medially at the glabellar crease two years prior. Two months after her injection, she began to notice upper eyelid edema, xerophthalmia, and dryness of her nasal mucous membranes. Extensive evaluation and imaging were done by physicians of different specialties with a negative workup.ResultsA total of 60 units of hyaluronidase were injected into the areas of previous filler placement over a three‐week period. This resulted in complete resolution of the patient's presenting symptoms.ConclusionFamiliarity with potential adverse events is arguably the most important aspect of treating patients with HA filler. The anatomy of the orbit and lacrimal system are important to keep in mind when evaluating symptoms related to possible long‐term complications of retained filler injections. Reporting this case should raise awareness about this potential adverse event and further explain the delicate anatomy of the periorbital area.
Functional characterization of 27 CYP3A4 variants on macitentan metabolism in vitro
Authors: Li Ying-hui , Lu Xiang-ran , Lin Qian-meng , Huang Huan-le , Liang Xiao-long , Cai Jian-ping , Cui Ju , Hu Guo-xin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Macitentan is a new choice for pulmonary hypertension treatment which is converted to active metabolite ACT132577 by human cytochrome P450 3A4. Human cytochrome P450 3A4 often occurred gene mutations. Gene polymorphism might cause a variety of changes of protein expression and thus give rise to metabolic difference. The aim of this study was to investigate the catalytic characteristics of 27 CYP3A4 protein variants on the metabolism of macitentan in vitro.

Method
The incubation mixtures (final volume of 200 μl in 1 m PBS) consisted of 1 pmol wild-type CYP3A4.1 or other CYP3A4 protein variants, 2.38 pmol CYP b5 and macitentan (10–600 μm) with 1 mm NADPH. All specimens were processed using same approach with acetonitrile precipitation. The metabolite of macitentan was analysed by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Key finding
Most CYP3A4 protein variants (CYP3A4.9, .11, .12, .13, .17, .20, .23, .24, .28, .29, .33, .34) exhibited a sharp decrease, meanwhile nearly one in five variants (CYP3A4.3, .4, .5, .10, .15, .16) showed a significant rise in intrinsic clearance. The relative clearance of CYP3A4 protein variants was ranged from 5.53 to 501.00%.

Conclusion
Twenty-seven CYP3A4 protein variants displayed different catalytic characteristics towards macitentan in vitro, especially CYP3A4.5, .17, .20, .23. It is important to pay more attention to the dosage of macitentan in order to get better treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension.