bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Inhibition Achieved by Targeting and Regulating Multiple Key Elements in EGFR Signaling Pathway Using a Self‐Assembled Nanoprodrug
Authors: Li Bowen , Xie Xin , Chen Zelin , Zhan Chenyue , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractComprehensive understanding of signaling pathways regulating cancer progression has led to tremendous advances of molecularly targeted therapies. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is an attractive target for cancer therapy, and targeting multiple key elements in the pathway may further facilitate therapeutic efficacy. Here, an EGFR‐targeted nanoprodrug is demonstrated for in vivo imaging and tumor inhibition, which is assembled by a disulfide‐bridged quercetin (QSSQ) and an EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. QSSQ is synthesized via chemical manipulation of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups on quercetin; and the nanoprodrug is then fabricated through the disulfide‐facilitated assembly of QSSQ and erlotinib. The nanoprodrug is of high drug loading (87.3%) since its only inert component is the disulfide linker. The nanoprodrug is stable in physiological environment, whereas overexpressed glutathione in tumor tissue breaks the disulfide bridge, thereby disrupting the nanostructure and releasing active drugs quercetin and erlotinib. Upon release, erlotinib serves as an active drug blocking the EGFR tyrosine kinase, and quercetin generates strong aggregation‐induced emission of fluorescence for imaging drug release and acts as another drug inhibiting the downstream EFGR signaling, as evidenced by Western blotting analyses. The combined action thereof results in remarkable antitumor efficacy toward xenograft tumor‐bearing mice.
Microstructure Controlled Porous Silicon Particles as a High Capacity Lithium Storage Material via Dual Step Pore Engineering
Authors: Sohn Myungbeom , Lee Dong Geun , Park Hyeong‐Il , Park Cheolho , Choi Jeong‐Hee , Kim Hansu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo overcome the lithium storage barriers of current lithium‐ion batteries, it is imperative that conventional low capacity graphite anodes be replaced with other higher capacity anode materials. Silicon is a promising alternative anode material due to its huge energy densities; however, its lithium‐concentration‐dependent volumetric changes can induce severely adverse effects that lead to drastic degradations in capacity during cycling. The dealloying of Si–metal alloys is recently suggested as a scalable approach to fabricate high‐performance porous Si anode materials. Herein, a microstructure controlled porous Si is developed by the dealloying in conjunction with wet alkaline chemical etching. The resulting 3D networked structure enables enhancement in lithium storage properties when the Si‐based material is applied not only as a single active material but also in a graphite‐blended electrode.
Nitrogen‐Doped Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures Derived from Cobalt–Alanine Complexes for High‐Performance Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Li Xinran , Wei Jilei , Li Qing , Zheng Shasha , Xu Yuxia , Du Pan , Chen Changyun , Zhao Jiyang , Xue Huaiguo , Xu Qiang , Pang Huan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTaking advantage of the self‐assembling function of amino acids, cobalt–alanine complexes are synthesized by straightforward process of chemical precipitation. Through a controllable calcination of the cobalt–alanine complexes, N‐doped Co3O4 nanostructures (N‐Co3O4) and N‐doped CoO composites with amorphous carbon (N‐CoO/C) are obtained. These N‐doped cobalt oxide materials with novel porous nanostructures and minimal oxygen vacancies show a high and stable activity for the oxygen evolution reaction. Moreover, the influence of calcination temperature, electrolyte concentration, and electrode substrate to the reaction are compared and analyzed. The results of experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that N‐doping promotes the catalytic activity through improving electronic conductivity, increasing OH− adsorption strength, and accelerating reaction kinetics. Using a simple synthetic strategy, N‐Co3O4 reserves the structural advantages of micro/nanostructured complexes, showing exciting potential as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction with good stability.
An Integrated Free‐Standing Flexible Electrode with Holey‐Structured 2D Bimetallic Phosphide Nanosheets for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Wei , Guo Hai‐Peng , Liang Ji , Zhang Jia‐Feng , Zhang Bao , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Luo Wen‐Bin , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn integrated, free‐standing, and binder‐free type of flexible anode electrode is fabricated from numerous holey‐structured, 2D nickel‐based phosphide nanosheets connected with carbon nanotubes. This electrode architecture can not only uniformly disperse the nanosheets throughout the whole electrode to avoid aggregation or detachment, but also provide an ideal sodium ion and electrolyte diffusion and penetration network with high electronic conductivity. Meanwhile, bimetallic phosphide formation by introducing secondary metal species will lead to a synergistic effect to modify the electrochemical properties. Due to the excellent compositional and structural characteristics of this electrode, it delivers superior performance. This designed flexible anode with Ni1.5Co0.5Px nanosheets demonstrates a reversible capacity of 496.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and a good rate capacity of 276.1 mAh g−1 at 8 C. Meanwhile, this connected integrated network woven from carbon nanotubes can effectively restrain volumetric expansion and shrinkage, and affect the conversion reaction products formation as well, from large‐sized microspheres to film structure, which is primarily credited with the improvement in electrochemical performance. This work may open up a new path for the synthesis of morphology‐controlled phosphides and promote the further development of flexible devices.
Nonvolatile Memory Materials for Neuromorphic Intelligent Machines
Authors: Jeong Doo Seok , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent progress in deep learning extends the capability of artificial intelligence to various practical tasks, making the deep neural network (DNN) an extremely versatile hypothesis. While such DNN is virtually built on contemporary data centers of the von Neumann architecture, physical (in part) DNN of non‐von Neumann architecture, also known as neuromorphic computing, can remarkably improve learning and inference efficiency. Particularly, resistance‐based nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) highlights its handy and efficient application to the multiply–accumulate (MAC) operation in an analog manner. Here, an overview is given of the available types of resistance‐based NVRAMs and their technological maturity from the material‐ and device‐points of view. Examples within the strategy are subsequently addressed in comparison with their benchmarks (virtual DNN in deep learning). A spiking neural network (SNN) is another type of neural network that is more biologically plausible than the DNN. The successful incorporation of resistance‐based NVRAM in SNN‐based neuromorphic computing offers an efficient solution to the MAC operation and spike timing‐based learning in nature. This strategy is exemplified from a material perspective. Intelligent machines are categorized according to their architecture and learning type. Also, the functionality and usefulness of NVRAM‐based neuromorphic computing are addressed.
Postgrowth Control of the Interfacial Oxide Thickness in Semiconductor–Insulator–Semiconductor Heterojunctions
Authors: Maman Nitzan , Templeman Tzvi , Manis‐Levi Hadar , Shandalov Michael , Ezersky Vladimir , Sarusi Gabby , Golan Yuval , Visoly‐Fisher Iris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe electronic properties of the heterojunction formed by chemical bath deposition of a thorium‐ and oxygen‐doped PbS nanostructured layer on GaAs substrate as a function of postgrowth thermal treatments are studied. A correlation is found between the heterojunction conductance and the duration of thermal treatment in air. In contrast to previous reports on the effect of air annealing on PbS films, where the conductance increased due to oxygen incorporation within the PbS, in this oxygen‐saturated system, the PbS properties are unaffected by exposure to oxygen. Control over the heterojunction conductance is achieved by tuning the interface oxide thickness, enabled by thermal treatment in air, resulting in the elimination of Fermi level pinning caused by interface induced gap states. The ability to control the interfacial insulator thickness post film‐growth is a unique feature of this system.
Integrated Resonant Unit of Metasurfaces for Broadband Efficiency and Phase Manipulation
Authors: Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Chen Yu Han , Lin Ren Jie , Wu Pin Chieh , Wang Shuming , Chen Bo Han , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntegrated‐resonant units (IRUs), incorporated with multiple resonators into one building block or one resonator with multiple modes, show a great capacity for achieving controllable smooth and linear phase dispersion as well as amplitude manipulation over a continuous and broad bandwidth. Based on an IRU library designed in the wavelength range of 400 to 667 nm, three achromatic deflectors showing constant steering angles of 9.5°, 19°, and 28°, respectively, are numerically validated. Achromatic metalenses with various numerical aperture (NA) values are further experimentally demonstrated, displaying an unvaried focal length throughout the bandwidth of 420–650 nm (≈50% bandwidth to the central wavelength). The focusing efficiency of the achromatic metalens with NA = 0.124 achieves 26.31%, 19.71%, and 20.37%, respectively, at wavelengths of 420, 550, and 650 nm. In addition, a multi‐nanorod IRU design is numerically optimized to achieve above 50% conversion efficiency from visible to near‐infrared (400–1400 nm). Such IRU design is then employed to construct a versatile polarization convertor, generating six different polarization states simultaneously upon one linear‐polarized illumination. The IRU approach with broadband control of amplitude and phase response provides an unprecedented platform in realizing multifunctional full‐color metadevices.
Direct Deuteration of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by Platinum on Carbon in Deuterium Oxide
Authors: Park Kwihwan , Matsuda Takumi , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Monguchi Yasunari , Sawama Yuka , Doi Naoki , Sasai Yasushi , Kondo Shin‐ichi , Sawama Yoshinari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe platinum on carbon (Pt/C)‐catalyzed deuteration of acrylic and methacrylic acid derivatives in deuterium oxide (D2O) efficiently proceeded to give the corresponding acrylic acid‐d3 and methacrylic acid‐d5 derivatives. The olefinic functionality, as well as the methyl group on the unsaturated functionality of the substrate, were satisfactorily deuterated via the hydrogen (H)‐deuterium (D) exchange reaction. The obtained deuterated compounds are useful building blocks and efficiently converted to the corresponding desired products including a polymer without the degradation of the original deuterium contents.magnified image
Applications of Pybox Complexes in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Babu Sheba Ann , Krishnan K. Keerthi , Ujwaldev S. M. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPybox ligands have found widespread application in organic synthesis and catalysis ever since their discovery, and their involvement in various C−C and C–heteroatom bond‐forming reactions is rapidly increasing. In this Focus Review, we summarise the reactions involving various Pybox–metal combinations used for forming C−C bonds, such as cross‐coupling reactions, carbonyl–ene reactions, three‐component reactions, allylation reactions, Diels–Alder reactions and other C−C bond‐forming reactions. The literature from 2006 to 2017 is covered.
Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Indoles and Pyrroles
Authors: Yan Sheng‐Yi , Zhang Zhuo‐Zhuo , Liu Yan‐Hua , Liao Gang , Li Peng‐Xiang , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of indoles and pyrroles with commercially available BrCF2CO2Et is reported. The developed protocol allows the site‐selective introduction of the CF2CO2Et moiety at the C2‐position of N‐heteroarenes with the assistance of a pyrimidyl group using CuI as the catalyst and 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline as the ligand. This procedure is scalable and tolerates various important functional groups.
Molecular Vise Approach to Create Metal‐Binding Sites in MOFs and Detection of Biomarkers
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Qi , Zhang Qin , Peng Bosi , Deng Hexiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report a new approach to create metal‐binding site in a series of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), where tetratopic carboxylate linker, 4′,4′′,4′′′,4′′′′‐methanetetrayltetrabiphenyl‐4‐carboxylic acid, is partially replaced by a tritopic carboxylate linker, tris(4‐carboxybiphenyl)amine, in combination with monotopic linkers, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, isonicotinic acid, 4‐chlorobenzoic acid, and 4‐nitrobenzoic acid, respectively. The distance between these paired‐up linkers can be precisely controlled, ranging from 5.4 to 10.8 Å, where a variety of metals, Mg2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Cd2+ and Pb2+, can be placed in. The distribution of these metal‐binding sites across a single crystal is visualized by 3D tomography of laser scanning confocal microscopy with a resolution of 10 nm. The binding affinity between the metal and its binding‐site in MOF can be varied in a large range (observed binding constants, Kobs from 1.56×102 to 1.70×104 L mol−1), in aqueous solution. The fluorescence of these crystals can be used to detect biomarkers, such as cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione, with ultrahigh sensitivity and without the interference of urine, through the dissociation of metal ions from their binding sites.
Divergent Synthesis of CF3‐Substituted Allenyl Nitriles by Ligand‐Controlled Radical 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Addition to 1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Dinghai , Zhou Yu , Liang Ling , Lu Ronghua , Chen Pinhong , Lin Zhenyang , Liu Guosheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA ligand‐controlled system that enables regioselective trifluoromethylcyanation of 1,3‐enynes has been identified, which provides access to a variety of CF3‐containing tri‐ and tetrasubstituted allenyl nitriles. We disclose that the involved propargylic radicals can be selectively trapped by (Box)CuII cyanide, while the tautomerized allenyl radicals are trapped by (phen)CuII cyanide (Box= bisoxazoline, phen=phenanthroline). In addition, the reaction features broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. Moreover, this protocol represents a novel regioselectivity‐tunable functionalization of 1,3‐enynes via radicals, which we believe will have great implications for the development of catalytic systems for selectivity control in radical and organometallic chemistry.
Nanosecond Dynamics Regulate the MIF‐Induced Activity of CD74
Authors: Pantouris Georgios , Ho Junming , Shah Dilip , Syed Mansoor Ali , Leng Lin , Bhandari Vineet , Bucala Richard , Batista Victor S. , Loria J. Patrick , Lolis Elias J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activates CD74, which leads to severe disorders including inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer under pathological conditions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations up to one microsecond revealed dynamical correlation between a residue located at the opening of one end of the MIF solvent channel, previously thought to be a consequence of homotrimerization, and residues in a distal region responsible for CD74 activation. Experiments verified the allosteric regulatory site and identified a pathway to this site via the MIF β‐strands. The reported findings provide fundamental insights on a dynamic mechanism that controls the MIF‐induced activation of CD74.
Development of the Human Incus With Special Reference to the Detachment From the Chondrocranium to be Transferred into the Middle Ear
Authors: Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco , Yamamoto Masahito , Abe Shinichi , Katori Yukio , Murakami Gen 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe mammalian middle ear represents one of the most fundamental features defining this class of vertebrates. However, the origin and the developmental process of the incus in the human remains controversial. The present study seeks to demonstrate all the steps of development and integration of the incus within the middle ear. We examined histological sections of 55 human embryos and fetuses at 6 to 13 weeks of development. At 6 weeks of development (16 Carnegie Stage), the incus anlage was found at the cranial end of the first pharyngeal arch. At this stage, each of the three anlagen of the ossicles in the middle ear were independent in different locations. At Carnegie Stage 17 a homogeneous interzone clearly defined the incus and malleus anlagen. The cranial end of the incus was located very close to the otic capsule. At 7 and 8 weeks was characterized by the short limb of the incus connecting with the otic capsule. At 9 weeks was characterized by an initial disconnection of the incus from the otic capsule. At 13 weeks, a cavity appeared between the otic capsule and incus. Our results provide significant evidence that the human incus developed from the first pharyngeal arch but independently from Meckel's cartilage. Also, during development, the incus was connected with the otic capsule, and then it was detached definitively. The development of the incus in humans provides evidence that this ossicle is homologous to the quadrate. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunological Behavior Analysis of Muscle Cells under IFN‐γ Stimulation in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Ding Maochao , Huang Tao , Zhu Rong , Gu Ruicai , Shi Dandan , Xiao Jiangwei , Guo Mengxia , Li Junhua , Hu JiJie , Liao Hua 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMuscle cells could serve as antigen‐presenting cells, and participate in the activation of immune response. Immunological characteristics of muscle cells, and their capacities to equip themselves with immunorelevant molecules, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the immunological properties of myoblasts and differentiated myotubes in vitro and in vivo, under the IFN‐γ induced inflammatory condition. We found that the fused C2C12 myotubes are more sensitive to inflammatory stimulation, and significantly upregulated the expression levels of MHC‐I/II and TLR3/7 molecules, than that of proliferated myoblasts. As well, some co‐stimulatory/‐inhibitory molecules, including CD40, CD86, ICAM‐I, ICOS‐L, and PD‐L1, were prominently upregulated in IFN‐γ induced myotubes. Notably, we detected the protein levels of ASC, NLRP3, and Caspase‐1 increased in stimulated myotubes, and IL‐1β in cell culture supernatant, implying the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in IFN‐γ treated myotubes. The pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines mRNA levels in IFN‐γ induced C2C12 myotubes and myoblasts, involving IL‐1, IL‐6, and MCP‐1, increased markedly. T cell activation test further verified IFN‐γ induced C2C12 myotubes prompt to the proliferation of the splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In Cardiotoxin‐damaged tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, some regenerated myofibers expressed both MHC class I and class II molecules under IFN‐γ enhanced inflammatory condition. Thus, our work demonstrates that muscle cells are active participants of local immune reactions. Anat Rec, 301:1551–1563, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Translational Biomarkers and Ex Vivo Models of Joint Tissues as a Tool for Drug Development in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kjelgaard‐Petersen Cecilie F. , Platt Adam , Braddock Martin , Jenkins Martin A. , Musa Kishwar , Graham Emma , Gantzel Thorbjørn , Slynn Gillian , Weinblatt Michael E. , Karsdal Morten A. , Thudium Christian S. , Bay‐Jensen Anne‐C. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and degenerative autoimmune joint disease that leads to disability, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Although several synthetic and biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs are available, there is still a medical need for novel drugs that control disease progression. As only 10% of experimental drug candidates for treatment of RA that enter phase I trials are eventually registered by the Food and Drug Administration, there is an immediate need for translational tools to facilitate early decision‐making in drug development. In this study, we aimed to determine if the inability of fostamatinib (a small molecule inhibitor of Syk) to demonstrate sufficient efficacy in phase III of a previous clinical study could have been predicted earlier in the development process.MethodsBiomarkers of bone, cartilage, and interstitial matrix turnover (C‐telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX‐I], matrix metalloproteinase–derived types I, II, and III collagen neoepitopes [C1M, C2M, and C3M]) were measured in 450 serum samples from the Oral Syk Inhibition in Rheumatoid Arthritis 1 study (OSKIRA‐1, a phase III clinical study of the efficacy of fostamatinib in RA) at baseline and follow‐up. Additionally, the same biomarkers were subsequently measured in conditioned media from osteoclast, cartilage, and synovial membrane cultured with the active metabolite of fostamatinib, R406, to assess the level of suppression induced by the drug.ResultsIn OSKIRA‐1 serum samples and osteoclast and cartilage cultures, fostamatinib suppressed the levels of CTX‐I and C2M. In OSKIRA‐1 serum samples and synovial membrane cultures, fostamatinib did not mediate any clinical or preclinical effect on either C1M or C3M, which have previously been associated with disease response and efficacy.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that translational biomarkers are a potential tool for early assessment and decision‐making in drug development for RA treatment.
Digitale Planung und geometrische Präzisionsfertigung für Durchstanzversuche
Authors: Bocklenberg Lennart , Winkler Karsten , Mark Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDurchstanzversuche an Stahlbetonplatten sind bislang auf geringe Dicken begrenzt. Infolge hoher Prüflasten und großer Versuchskörperabmessungen stoßen Versuchslabore weltweit an ihre Grenzen. Um erstmals Plattendicken bis 70 cm im Experiment zu testen, nutzt ein neu entwickeltes Versuchskonzept den Symmetrieeffekt. Durch Viertelung der Versuchskörper an zwei Symmetrieebenen lassen sich sowohl Prüflasten als auch Versuchskörperabmessungen um den Faktor 4 reduzieren. Bei der Umsetzung des Konzepts stellt der Übergang zwischen Versuchskörper und Versuchsstand an den Symmetrieebenen die zentrale Herausforderung dar. Durch die statisch unbestimmte Lagerung und Vorspannkräfte von bis zu 5 MN/m führen bereits geringe geometrische Unschärfen zu Zwangsbeanspruchungen, die ungewünscht verfälschte Ergebnisse und Initialrisse erzeugen. Dabei geht es um lokale Welligkeit, ungewollte Schiefstellungen, Versätze oder Winkeligkeit. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie mit digitaler Planung und Fertigung hochpräzise Versuchskörper und ebensolche Gegenstücke an den Widerlagern entstehen. Messungen und Nachrechnungen belegen, dass die erzielten Genauigkeiten im Submillimeterbereich genügen, um die resultierenden Zwangsbeanspruchungen für Plattendicken bis ca. 30 cm vernachlässigbar zu halten. Für Großversuche an bis zu 70 cm starken Platten sind zusätzliche Eigenspannungen aus Widerlagerrotationen zu erwarten, sodass vorgeschlagen wird, die Probekörper direkt im Versuchsstand zu betonieren (match casting), um Zwangsspannungen aus Geometrieunschärfen nahezu auszuschließen.