bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of leadership orientation on innovation and its relationship with competitive advantages of small and medium enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Samsir Samsir 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of leadership orientation on competitive advantage with innovation as a mediating (intervening) variable.

Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative methods (Creswell, 2010) are used as the study design. It is an explanatory research with the purpose of explaining the phenomenon or pattern of correlation between concepts (Kothary, 2004). SMEs (small and medium entrepreneurs) of typical food products of Riau domiciled in Kepulauan Meranti Regency are the focus of this study; the sample size included 258 respondents.

Findings
There is a significant effect of leadership orientation on innovation. Higher leadership orientation will result in higher innovation. There is a significant effect of innovation on competitive advantage. Higher innovation will result in higher competitive advantage. Innovation as a mediation variable in the relationship between leadership orientation and competitive advantage indicates that higher leadership orientation will cause a higher competitive advantage, if the mediated innovation is also higher.

Originality/value
The originality of this research lies in innovation as a mediating (intervening) variable and a complement of a previous study by including the indicator that measures the variables of the research so that research results can be completed and detailed.
Rebalancing international investment agreements in favour of host states
Authors: Dickson Moses Oruaze 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the nature of the protection afforded to foreign investors and whether this protection has been exercised to the detriment of host states. In other words, is the regulatory authority of host states being compromised by the content of the investment agreements entered into? If so, is there scope for reform? The need to reform investor-state arbitration was recently pushed forward by the European Union Commission in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.

Design/methodology/approach
It is conceptual.

Findings
It proposed an investment court system as a replacement for investor-state arbitration. However, there is great ambivalence on whether these reforms would result in a rebalance of investment agreements in favour of host states. Thus, this paper provides a range of solutions to the challenges posed by investor-state arbitration through proposals for a regional and world investment court.

Research limitations/implications
The findings made in this research will inform both academics and practitioners in the field of international law on whether the investment court proposal will bring about the desired changes.

Originality/value
Secondary sources
Corporate governance failures and the role of institutional investors in Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Samza , Mortimer Tom , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse a current theme of international interest regarding the increasing role of institutional investors in corporate governance. The role of institutional investors is getting elevated in world’s corporate market day by day due to their large shareholdings and having expertise in investment matters. However, their role and importance has not yet been accepted and explored in Pakistan. Therefore, this paper fills this gap and explores their role in Pakistan’s corporate governance by using a comparative study as to the role of institutional investors in the UK’s corporate governance. This paper identifies the failures of corporate governance in Pakistan and explores how institutional investors can help to overcome these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This research paper uses a comparative approach based on documentary analysis. It conducts a comparative study of the role of institutional investors and the related code of corporate governance in Pakistan with that of the UK. It analyses the existing studies and the data relating to the role of institutional investors in Pakistan’s corporate governance and formulate recommendations to enhance the role of institutional investors for the betterment of corporate governance practices in Pakistan.

Findings
This paper finds that the role of institutional investors in Pakistan’s corporate governance is under-developed and the fund industry is immature. Though there is a considerable scope for them to work in Pakistan’s business market and play their role in the development of corporate governance in the listed companies of Pakistan. For this purpose, the guidance can be taken form the “Combined Code of the UK”. A number of recommendations have been formulated through which the role of institutional investors can be enhanced for the development of corporate governance practices in the business market of Pakistan.

Originality/value
This paper analyses the role of institutional investors in Pakistan to formulate recommendations through which this role may be enhanced for the development of corporate governance principles and practices in Pakistan. This paper fills a gap in the existing literature relating to the role of institutional investors in Pakistan, as there is a dearth of research in Pakistan concerning this issue. Further, it contributes to the on-going debate on the increasing role of institutional investors in corporate governance more widely.
The effects of unions on job flows
Authors: Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the role of unions for job flow rates.Design/methodology/approachThe author uses a longitudinal data set emphasizing the importance of the time dimension.FindingsUsing the fixed effects estimator, the author finds that unions decrease the job separation rate and the job finding rate.Originality/valueThe findings support that the implications of the insider-outsider model by Lindbeck and Snower (1986): unions are beneficial for insiders but harm outsiders.
Internationalization strategies of hidden champions: lessons from Germany
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Lehmann Erik E. , Schenkenhofer Julian 
Published: February 2018

PurposeIn contrast to the predictions from the family business and the small- and medium-sized enterprise internationalization literatures, Hidden Champions are world-market leaders exhibiting a high share of exports. The purpose of this study is to analyze their strategy of internationalization of Hidden Champions in Germany and find that the international success and strong, sustained performance emanates from their product type, enabling to successfully pursue a niche strategy for differentiated premium products.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first conceptually explore how Hidden Champions pursue strategic internationalization, and then analyze a sample ofN= 2,690 Hidden Champions to examine why Germany has been able to generate the highest per capita share of Hidden Champions in the world.FindingsThe study finds that on both a micro and macro level, the strong and sustained performance of Hidden Champions is driven by product type and quality strategies. Niche strategies for a knowledge-intensive, technological product enable the firm to lock-in customers. However, to safeguard the internalization of highly specific quasi-rents, Hidden Champions enter foreign markets through fully owned subsidiaries, retaining control and residual property rights. The second finding of this paper is that Germany has succeeded in deploying its high level of human capital into the Mittelstand through highly skilled workers.Research limitations/implicationsUnfortunately, no micro-level panel data are available. Still macro-level data beginning in the nineteenth century provide strong empirical support for the hypothesized causality.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to link the strong and sustained export performance of Germany to the Hidden Champions by examining the origins of the German Mittelstand model, dating back to the social, political and economic developments of nineteenth century.
Environmentally sustainable stochastic procurement model
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Singh Surya Prakash 
Published: February 2018

PurposeProcurement planning has always been a huge and challenging activity for business firms, especially in manufacturing. With government legislations about global concern over carbon emissions, the manufacturing firms are enforced to regulate and reduce the emissions caused throughout the supply chain. It is observed that procurement and logistics activities in manufacturing firms contribute heavily toward carbon emissions. Moreover, highly dynamic and uncertain business environment with uncertainty in parameters such as demand, supplier and carrier capacity adds to the complexity in procurement planning. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a novel attempt to model environmentally sustainable stochastic procurement (ESSP) problem as a mixed-integer non-linear program. The ESSP optimizes the procurement plan of the firm including lot-sizing, supplier and carrier selection by addressing uncertainty and environmental sustainability. The model applies chance-constrained-based approach to address the uncertain parameters.FindingsThe proposed ESSP model is solved optimally for 30 data sets to validate the proposed ESSP and is further demonstrated using three illustrations solved optimally in LINGO 10.Originality/valueThe ESSP model simultaneously minimizes total procurement cost and carbon emissions over the entire planning horizon considering uncertain demand, supplier and carrier capacity.
Comparison of strategic content of facilities managers functions with other building support practitioners in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Koleoso Hikmot Adunola , Omirin Modupe Moronke , Adejumo Femi 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The literature propounds that facilities management (FM) differs from other building support services (BSS) because it features a significant strategic content. However, research indicates that this deep seated strategic and value-adding practice is mostly unavailable except in the most matured markets. The purpose of this paper is to compare the strategic content of the functions performed by FM practitioners with that of other BSS providers in Lagos, the commercial hub of Nigeria. This is to determine if the content of the FM functions is comparatively more strategic and invariably more value-adding than that of other BSS providers as indicated in literature and also to identify required areas of improvement, both for practice and training.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was carried out through self-administered questionnaire directed to a sample of 123 BSS providers that work with office buildings in Lagos, Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, means, χ2 test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Findings
Rather than the strategic tasks, the FM group as with the non-FM group were more regularly involved with the less specialized facilities operations/maintenance and facilities support service tasks such as, security, fire, emergency management, cleaning and waste management. Specialized FM support service tasks such as mail services, reprographics, catering and travel services, were least often performed by both groups. The study found that facilities managers were slightly more involved than the non-facilities managers in performing the strategic group of tasks. This was indicated by the higher cumulative mean values and ranking of the level of involvement. The facilities managers also ranked higher in their involvement in the individual strategic tasks. The study also shows that FM practitioners use the more strategic ways to determine the needs of users. These findings imply that FM presents a slightly more strategic edge, which is, however, insufficient.

Practical implications
Although the FM practitioners may feature a slightly more strategic content of functions than their non-FM counterparts, the edge is insufficient to add significant value to clients’ business as postulated in literature. Lagos FM practitioners must become more involved in strategic functions in order to enhance FM’s value-adding edge and hence distinguish it better from other BSS practices.

Originality/value
The study positions the Nigerian FM practice in the light of expectations in literature and re-affirms the supposition that the practice is relatively strategically immature. It also identifies the contingent needs of local and multinational organizations that may require or intend to provide FM and other BSS in the Nigerian context, invariably allowing for international comparisons.
Indigenous reporting of a national housing corporation
Authors: Brown Alistair 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the level of reporting compliance achieved by the National Housing Corporation (NHC) of Papua New Guinea in terms of local indigenous reporting expectations.Design/methodology/approachTesting of a framework of indigenous accountability through indigenous enactments and regulations is conducted by textual analysis, which is informed by the theory of indigenous alternatives to assess the financial reporting compliance of the NHC of Papua New Guinea’s financial statements for years ending 2004-2013.FindingsDocumentary evidence of the state auditor reports of the NHC’s financial statements reveals that the corporation’s financial reports are not submitted for audit on a timely basis and receive disclaimed audit opinions. Despite the clear indigenous reporting expectations raised by local legislative and regulatory instruments, the NHC is unable or unwilling to provide an accurate account of their activities.Practical implicationsThe lack of compliant reporting suggests that the planning, management and monitoring of the housing needs of residents of Papua New Guinea are compromised. There also appears merit in asking why parliament continues to fund the corporation given its difficulties in meeting local-level reporting expectations.Social implicationsThe results have wider implications for the reporting ideologies of indigenous-run housing corporations operating in other developing countries. It might be fruitful to meet local reporting expectations before taking on the specialized reporting that accompanies introduced western-oriented policies on housing.Originality/valueAccountability in relation to indigenous property management is constructed through a lens of reporting issues facing a developing country housing corporation.
Entrepreneurship resources in US public libraries: website analysis
Authors: Faulkner Ashley E. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the entrepreneurship resources patrons can discover and/or access on the web pages of the largest 46 US public libraries to assess the strength of public libraries’ current support to their entrepreneur-patrons, and where, and by what means, public libraries may wish to expand, or further promote, their support.

Design/methodology/approach
The author completed a website analysis of the largest 46 US public libraries, as defined by the criteria in the ALA publication The Nation’s Largest Public Libraries. Website analysis was completed via a standardized checklist assessment of each library website.

Findings
Public libraries often have print and electronic resources, meeting spaces and programming that could be of use to entrepreneur-patrons, but these resources are sometimes difficult to discover on library websites. Libraries have strong partnering relationships with other government and nonprofit organizations, but they may wish to expand these partnerships further.

Practical implications
Public libraries in the US often have multiple support services to offer entrepreneur-patrons. However, if libraries would like to reach entrepreneur-patrons beyond their walls, as well as within them, they may wish to consider further refining the resources both accessible via their website and promoted on it.

Originality/value
While there are research articles exploring how both academic and public libraries support entrepreneur-patrons, as yet, there has been no in-depth research into how public libraries support their entrepreneur-patrons through not only their in-library offerings but also the materials highlighted and/or available via their website. This research addresses this gap in the literature.
Clean up your network: how a strike changed the social networks of a working team
Authors: Thommes Kirsten , Akkerman Agnes 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the impact of an intra-team conflict on the social relations within a team. The team conflict was triggered by a strike action which separated the team in two groups, the strikers and the worker, who continued to work. After the strike was settled, all had to work again cooperatively. This paper analyses how the strike action affects work and private social networks among workers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors combine a qualitative ethnographic approach with quantitative network data.FindingsThe authors find that the strike action led to a separation between the former group of strikers and non-strikers. While the subgroups become more cohesive and their social network density increased, the links between both groups diminished.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reveals that strikes and the accompanying separation of the workforce can improve social relations within the team, if individuals behaved alike during the conflict.Practical implicationsFor managers, the results raise questions concerning typical managerial behaviour during strikes, as managers frequently trigger separation by trying to convince some individuals to continue to work. Instead, groups may even improve their performance after a strike, if they were allowed to behave alike by all joining the strike or refraining.Originality/valueThis study is the first to analyse social relations after a conflict. The authors combine qualitative and quantitative data and show the evolution of a social network after a strike. Moreover, they separate private communication flows and work-related communication and show that both networks do not necessarily evolve equally after a conflict.
Standard tables of truncated standard normal distribution using a new summarizing method
Authors: Hamasha Mohammad M. , Al-Rabayah Mohammad , Aqlan Faisal 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe single- and double-sided truncated normal distributions have been used in a wide range of engineering fields. However, most of the previous research works have focused primarily on the non-truncated population distributions. The authors present reference tables to estimate the values of density and cumulative density functions of truncated normal distribution for practitioners. Finally, the authors explain how to use the tables to estimate other properties, such as mean, median and variance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an efficient method to summarize tables, and furthermore, to provide readers with statistical tables on truncated standard normal distribution.Design/methodology/approachA new methodology is developed to summarize the tables with ordered values. The introduced method allows for the reduction of the number of pages required for such tables into a reasonable level by using linear interpolation. Moreover, it allows for the estimation of the required truncation values accurately with an error value less than 0.005.FindingsThe data in the tables can be summarized into a significantly reduced amount. The new summarized table can be designed for any number of pages and/or level of error wanted. However, with reducing the level of error, the number of pages increases and vice versa.Originality/valueThe value of this work is through two major points. First, all provided summarized tables in the literature are for single-sided and symmetry truncation cases. However, there is no attempt to summarize the tables of the asymmetry truncation normal distribution due to the requirement of huge number of pages. In this paper, the case of asymmetry truncation is included. Second, the methodology provided in this research can be used to summarize similar large tables.
Preventive maintenance scheduling using analysis of variance-based ant lion optimizer
Authors: Elango Umamaheswari , Sivarajan Ganesan , Manoharan Abirami , Srikrishna Subramanian 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Generator maintenance scheduling (GMS) is an essential task for electric power utilities as the periodical maintenance activity enhances the lifetime and also ensures the reliable and continuous operation of generating units. Though numerous meta-heuristic algorithms have been reported for the GMS solution, enhancing the existing techniques or developing new optimization procedure is still an interesting research task. The meta-heuristic algorithms are population based and the selection of their algorithmic parameters influences the quality of the solution. This paper aims to propose statistical tests guided meta-heuristic algorithm for solving the GMS problems.

Design/methodology/approach
The intricacy characteristics of the GMS problem in power systems necessitate an efficient and robust optimization tool. Though several meta-heuristic algorithms have been applied to solve the chosen power system operational problem, tuning of their control parameters is a protracting process. To prevail over the previously mentioned drawback, the modern meta-heuristic algorithm, namely, ant lion optimizer (ALO), is chosen as the optimization tool for solving the GMS problem.

Findings
The meta-heuristic algorithms are population based and require proper selection of algorithmic parameters. In this work, the ANOVA (analysis of variance) tool is proposed for selecting the most feasible decisive parameters in algorithm domain, and the statistical tests-based validation of solution quality is described. The parametric and non-parametric statistical tests are also performed to validate the selection of ALO against the various competing algorithms. The numerical and statistical results confirm that ALO is a promising tool for solving the GMS problems.

Originality/value
As a first attempt, ALO is applied to solve the GMS problem. Moreover, the ANOVA-based parameter selection is proposed and the statistical tests such as Wilcoxon signed rank and one-way ANOVA are conducted to validate the applicability of the intended optimization tool. The contribution of the paper can be summarized in two folds: the ANOVA-based ALO for GMS applications and statistical tests-based performance evaluation of intended algorithm.
Improved frog leap inspired protocol (IFLIP) – for routing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHN)
Authors: J. Ramkumar , R. Vadivel 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
End-to-end latency in network affects the overall performance in number of ways. It is one of the major tasks to minimize the end-to-end latency in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHN), as the transmission of packets passes through every hop of the routing path. This paper aims to propose a new reactive multicast routing protocol, namely, improved frog leap inspired protocol (IFLIP) to reduce the overall end-to-end latency in CRAHN.

Design/methodology/approach
It is difficult to solve the problems that emerge in optimization. Routing is the procedure for choosing the best network path. This paper proposes a novel algorithm by improving the FLIP to use an ideal route, which progressively reduces the congestion level on various routing path by considering the spectrum accessibility and the service rate of each hop in CRAHN.

Findings
Result of this research work concludes that IFLIP significantly outperforms other baseline schemes (namely, TIGHT and Greedy TIGHT) in minimizing the end-to-end latency in CRAHN.

Originality/value
It is proved that IFLIP gives a better ratio of packet delivery under varying primary users and secondary users. IFLIP results in increased packet deliver ratio, reduced end-to-end latency and better throughput.