bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Trend Analysis for Use of Cement Augmented Pedicle Screws in Osteoporosis of Spine: A Systematic Review (2000-2017)
Authors: Singh Vishwajeet , Mahajan Rajat , Das Kalidutta , Chhabra Harvinder Singh , Rustagi Tarush 
Published: September 2018

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: (1) Study indications for cement-augmented pedicle screws (CAPS) in patients with osteoporosis. Have they changed over the years (2000-2017)? Are there any differences in usage of CAPS based on the geographical region? (2) What were the outcome of the studies? (3) What are the complications associated with this technique? Methods: Electronic database and reference list of desired articles were searched from the database (2000-2017). Articles were selected discussing indications, clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications in cases of preexistent osteoporosis treated surgically using CAPS. Results: Seventeen studies were identified; 3 were comparative studies and had a control arm (cemented vs noncemented screws). Most studies originated from Europe (10) or Asia (7). Painful vertebral fracture with or without neurological deficit, Kummell’s lesion, deformity and failure to respond to conservative treatment are the common indications for cement augmentation. Visual analogue scale score was the most commonly used to assess pain and average improvement after surgery was 6.1. Average improvement in kyphosis was 13.21° and average loss of correction at the end of the study was 3°. Cement leak was the most common complication observed and pulmonary cement embolism was the most dreaded complication. Nevertheless, majority of cement leaks discussed in studies were asymptomatic. Conclusion: CAPS are being increasingly used in osteoporotic spine. Pain scores, functional quality of life, and neurological function indices were studied. CAPS improved anchorage in osteoporotic vertebra and helped improve/maintain clinical and radiological improvement. Common risks of cement leak were observed.
‘I felt closed in and like I couldn’t breathe’: A qualitative study exploring the mainstream educational experiences of autistic young people
Authors: Goodall Craig 
Published: September 2018

Background and aim More autistic young people are being educated in mainstream schools. While existing research suggests that the outcomes of mainstream inclusion are mixed for autistic young people, few studies have examined their views and experiences directly. This article discusses the educational experiences of 12 autistic young people (aged 11–17 years) from their perspectives and how education could be improved to better support the others with autism. Methods A flexible qualitative participatory approach was used which incorporated a range of methods, including individual semi-structured interviews, diamond ranking activities and draw-and-tell activities. A Children’s Research Advisory Group (CRAG) advised on the methods used and matters to be explored. Results The young people offered insights into how education has been for them in mainstream school, mostly negative, but with islets of positive experience. Several described themselves as being socially, emotionally and physically isolated from peers, with loneliness and bullying experienced by some. Participants felt unsupported and misunderstood by teachers within a social and sensory environment that was antithetical to their needs. Some spoke of the dread they felt before and during school and the negative impact their experiences in mainstream has had on their wellbeing. Many participants suggested simple strategies and curriculum adaptations that they felt would have helped make their time at mainstream more successful. These include having more breaks, smaller class sizes, less homework, instructions broken down, safe places to use when anxious and teachers who listen to their concerns and take account of their needs. In short they want to be understood, supported and included. Conclusions There exists scope to better support autistic young people in mainstream education, as evidenced by the literature and the participants in this paper. The participants demonstrate that mainstream is not working for all and that changes, such as smaller class sizes, flexible pedagogy and understanding could improve education for autistic learners. Implications Autistic young people can and should be central to the discussion on school improvement. They also show that being academically able for mainstream school should not be the only aspect when deciding on the suitability of mainstream school for meeting their needs. The young person’s social and emotional wellbeing must be considered to ensure they can flourish, and not flounder.
Investigating unilateral pleural effusions: the role of cytology
Authors: Arnold David T. , De Fonseka Duneesha , Perry Siobhan , Morley Anna , Harvey John E. , Medford Andrew , Brett Mary , Maskell Nick A. 
Published: September 2018

The vast majority of undiagnosed unilateral pleural effusions have fluid sent for cytological analysis. Despite widespread use, there is uncertainty about its sensitivity to diagnose malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Our aim was to ascertain the utility of cytology using a large prospective cohort.Consecutive patients presenting with an undiagnosed unilateral pleural effusion were recruited to this UK-based study. All had pleural fluid sent for cytological analysis. Cytological sensitivity was based on the final diagnosis at 12 months, confirmed by two consultants.Over 8 years, 921 patients were recruited, of which 515 had a MPE. Overall sensitivity of fluid cytology to diagnose malignancy was 46% (95% CI 42–58%). There was variation in sensitivity depending on cancer primary, with mesothelioma (6%) and haematological malignancies (40%) being significantly lower than adenocarcinomas (79%). MPEs secondary to ovarian cancer had high pick-up rates (95%). In asbestos-exposed males with exudative effusions, the risk of MPE was 60%, but cytological sensitivity was 11%.This is the largest prospective study of pleural fluid cytology and informs discussions with patients about the likely requirement for investigations following thoracentesis. In patients presenting with a clinical suspicion of mesothelioma, cytological sensitivity is low, so more definitive investigations could be performed sooner.
Improved Survival by Adding Lomustine to Conventional Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With AML Without Unfavorable Cytogenetics: Results of the LAM-SA 2007 FILO Trial
Authors: Pigneux Arnaud , Béné Marie C. , Salmi Louis-Rachid , Dumas Pierre-Yves , Delaunay Jacques , Bonmati Caroline , Guièze Romain , Luquet Isabelle , Cornillet-Lefebvre Pascale , Delabesse Eric , Ianotto Jean-Christophe , Ojeda-Uribe Mario , Hunault Mathilde , Banos Anne , Fornecker Luc Matthieu , Bernard Marc , Jourdan Eric , Vey Norbert , Zerazhi Hacene , Hishri Yosr , Mineur Ariane , Asselineau Julien , Delepine Roselyne , Cahn Jean-Yves , Ifrah Norbert , Récher Christian ,   on behalf of the French Innovative Leukemia Organization
Published: September 2018

Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients has a poor prognosis. In an attempt to improve outcome for these patients, the prospective open-label phase III LAM-SA 2007 (Adding Lomustine to Chemotherapy in Older Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), and Allogeneic Transplantation for Patients From 60 to 65 Years Old) trial randomly assigned patients to a standard induction regimen with lomustine added or to a consolidation regimen with cytarabine and idarubicin. Patients and Methods Adults age 60 years or older with previously untreated AML who were fit to receive intensive chemotherapy and who were without unfavorable cytogenetics received standard chemotherapy with lomustine (idarubicin, cytarabine, and lomustine [ICL]) or without (idarubicin and cytarabine [IC]). The primary objective of the study was overall survival (OS); secondary objectives were response rate, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), event-free survival (EFS), and safety. Results From February 2008 to December 2011, 459 patients were enrolled. Comparing patients in the IC and ICL arms, complete response or complete response with incomplete recovery was achieved in 74.9% versus 84.7% ( P = .01). The proportional hazards assumption was rejected for OS ( P = .02), which led us to consider two separate time intervals: during and after induction. There was no significant difference between the two arms during induction, although induction deaths were 3.7% versus 7.7%, respectively ( P = .11). However, significantly better results were observed after induction with an improved 2-year OS of 56% in the ICL arm versus 48% in the IC arm ( P = .02). At 2 years, EFS was improved at 41% in the ICL arm versus 26% in the IC arm ( P = .01). The CIR at 2 years was 41.2% in the ICL arm versus 60.9% in the IC arm ( P = .003). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities, mostly hematologic, were significantly higher in the ICL arm ( P = .04), and fewer patients required a second treatment after ICL. Conclusion Adding lomustine to standard chemotherapy significantly improved the outcome of elderly patients with AML.
CD151 regulates expression of FGFR2 in breast cancer cells via PKC-dependent pathways
Authors: Sadej Rafal , Lu Xiaohong , Turczyk Lukasz , Novitskaya Vera , Lopez-Clavijo Andrea F. , Kordek Radzisław , Potemski Piotr , Wakelam Michael J. O. , Romanska-Knight Hanna , Berditchevski Fedor 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Expression of the tetraspanin CD151 is frequently upregulated in epithelial malignancies and correlates with poor prognosis. Here, we report that CD151 is involved in regulation of the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Depletion of CD151 in breast cancer cells resulted in an increased level of FGFR2. Accordingly, an inverse correlation between CD151 and FGFR2 was observed in breast cancer tissues. CD151-dependent regulation of the FGFR2 expression relies on post-transcriptional mechanisms involving HuR (also known as ELAVL1), a multifunctional RNA-binding protein, and the assembly of processing bodies (P-bodies). Depletion of CD151 correlated with inhibition of PKC, a well-established downstream target of CD151. Accordingly, the levels of dialcylglycerol species were decreased in CD151-negative cells, and inhibition of PKC resulted in the increased expression of FGFR2. Whereas expression of FGFR2 itself did not correlate with any of the clinicopathological data, we found that FGFR2−/CD151+ patients were more likely to have developed lymph node metastasis. Conversely, FGFR2−/CD151− patients demonstrated better overall survival. These results illustrate functional interdependency between CD151 complexes and FGFR2, and suggest a previously unsuspected role of CD151 in breast tumorigenesis.
Adolescent THC exposure does not sensitize conditioned place preferences to subthreshold d-amphetamine in male and female rats
Authors: Keeley Robin J , Bye Cameron , Trow Jan , McDonald Robert J 
Published: September 2018

The acute effects of marijuana consumption on brain physiology and behaviour are well documented, but the long-term effects of its chronic use are less well known. Chronic marijuana use during adolescence is of increased interest, given that the majority of individuals first use marijuana during this developmental stage , and adolescent marijuana use is thought to increase the susceptibility to abusing other drugs when exposed later in life. It is possible that marijuana use during critical periods in adolescence could lead to increased sensitivity to other drugs of abuse later on. To test this, we chronically administered ∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to male and female Long-Evans (LER) and Wistar (WR) rats directly after puberty onset. Rats matured to postnatal day 90 before being exposed to a conditioned place preference task (CPP). A subthreshold dose of d-amphetamine, found not to induce place preference in drug naïve rats, was used as the unconditioned stimulus. The effect of d-amphetamine on neural activity was inferred by quantifying cfos expression in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal hippocampus following CPP training. Chronic exposure to THC post-puberty had no potentiating effect on a subthreshold dose of d-amphetamine to induce CPP. No differences in cfos expression were observed. These results show that chronic exposure to THC during puberty did not increase sensitivity to a sub-threshold dose of d-amphetamine in adult LER and WR rats. This supports the concept that THC may not sensitize the response to all drugs of abuse.
An update on discoloured teeth and bleaching part 2: mechanism of action of bleaching agents and management of discoloured teeth
Authors: Dubal Raj , Porter Richard WJ 
Published: September 2018

Abstract: The term ‘discoloured teeth’ describes a very broad array of clinical manifestations which can result from an equally broad list of aetiologies. The ability to assess and diagnose the cause accurately allows clinicians to prescribe and execute the appropriate treatment modality and avoid disappointing outcomes and potential overtreatment. This article aims to provide an overview of the current legislation related to dental bleaching, the mechanism of action of bleaching agents and an update regarding the techniques which are at practitioners' disposal for managing different clinical challenges. The potential risks and complications related to bleaching are presented. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A sound understanding of the different bleaching materials and techniques available and their appropriate application are essential in helping clinicians to provide appropriate, safe and effective treatment modalities.
The surgical removal of an impacted canine: diagnosis, investigations and technique
Authors: Rahman Zarish , Azam Hamnah , Ahmed Bilal 
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Impacted canines occur in 1.7% of the population. These cases may be seen in general practice for further referral to an orthodontist or oral surgeon. Diagnosis often involves clinical examination, palpation and radiographic imaging to ascertain the location and association with anatomical structures. By using a clinical case, this paper aims to demonstrate one conservative way of managing the removal of impacted maxillary canines. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Canine impactions can cause resorption to adjacent teeth. They may require orthodontic traction to be brought into alignment but in some cases surgical removal is necessary.
Stabilization of Plasma Glucose: The Use of Newer Technology and Pragmatic Laboratory Practice
Authors: Coward Stephen M , O'Neill Fiona C , McAdam Leanne , Reilly Lynsey , McKeeman Gareth C 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The target values for plasma glucose concentrations for the investigation and diagnosis of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose, and the realization that small incremental changes in glucose concentration increase the risk of adverse events, has led to greater focus on laboratory glucose results. Although analytical methods show acceptable precision, the control of preanalytical error due to the stability of glucose remains problematic. The aim of this study was to compare glucose concentrations in 3 different and commercially available blood tubes, with analysis and storage under current practices and conditions.

Methods
Blood samples for glucose were obtained from consenting patients attending the Diabetic Clinic at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. Blood was collected into BD Vacutainer® Barricor™ Lithium Heparin tubes, BD Vacutainer Fluoride EDTA tubes, and Greiner Vacuette® FC-Mix (sodium fluoride/citrate/Na2EDTA) tubes in that order. The Barricor tubes were immediately centrifuged at 4000g for 3 min. All samples were then sent to the Biochemistry Laboratory for analysis on the same day, and again the following day after storage at 4 °C.

Results
There was no significant difference in mean glucose concentrations between immediately centrifuged Barricor and FC-Mix tubes when analyzed on day 0. Both tube types demonstrated higher mean glucose concentrations than traditional fluoride EDTA (F/EDTA) samples.

Conclusions
Both immediately separated Barricor and citrated FC-Mix plasma preserve glucose concentrations to the same extent, and better than F/EDTA preservative. These newer technologies involved offer pragmatic solutions to improved glucose analysis, allowing laboratories to choose the best option given the source of their samples.
Personality profile of successful entrepreneurs
Authors: Setia Shinta 
Published: September 2018

Working as entrepreneurs has become popular in Indonesia in recent years. The reason is not only they are deemed to be as a hero by the society, but also they are seen as an alternative career by young generation. This is due to their being quite attractive in terms of time flexibility as well as their potential income.Â People have seen a fact that job opportunities and the competition in the market are getting more and more competition. Therefore, entrepreneurs seem to be an alternative promising career, Supported by modern technology, e-commerce era, digital life style have indeed provided more positive hopes being an entrepreneur, The objective of this research is to examine the influence of personality towards successful entrepreneur. The personality of entrepreneur is based on The Big Five Model of Personality translating personality into 5 different profiles: conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. Sample of this research are 39 successful entrepreneurs, measured by its business growth, profit and turnover growth, employment growth, and length of company's survival. Result indicated that 1 out of 5 personality dimensions: conscientiousness showed the strongest significant correlation to successful entrepreneurs.Â
Leached compounds from the extracts of pomegranate peel, green coconut shell, and karuvelam wood for the removal of hexavalent chromium
Authors: Abdul Salam Femina , Narayanan Anantharaman 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
During biosorption, the biosorbent releases many organic compounds to the medium. In the present study, extracts of pomegranate peel (PP), green coconut shell (GCS), and karuvelam wood (KW) were prepared at three different conditions, namely 12 h, 3 h, and 3 h at pH 2, for the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. The amount of organic compounds, mainly the leached organic compounds in the extract before and after treatment with Cr(VI) solution, was determined by chemical oxygen demand analysis. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and total flavonoid content were used to estimate the chromium reduction potential of the extracts. The PP extract is the richest in all the three factors, followed by GCS and KW. The disappearance rate of Cr(VI) in the presence of PP extract reached 99.63% for the 50 mg/l concentration within 3 min, while it was 12% and 10% for GCS and KW, respectively, for the same concentration and time. Reaction mechanisms were formulated with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the role of leached compounds from natural materials for the removal of heavy metal.
An efficient green synthesis of novel 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole-3-amine and imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-amine derivatives via Strecker reaction under controlled microwave heating
Authors: Sadek Kamal Usef , Abdel-Hameed Afaf Mohamed , Abdelnabi Hisham A. , Meleigy Yasser 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A highly efficient multi-component one-pot synthesis of novel 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole-3-amine and imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-amine derivatives has been developed through the reaction of easily available aromatic aldehydes, benzoyl cyanide and either 2-aminoimidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in pyridine under controlled microwave heating. The process is environmentally friendly, is operationally simple, with short reaction time and with high yields.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from lauan (
Shorea
ssp.) plyboard prepared with kraft lignin, soy flour, gluten meal and tannin: emissions during hot pressing and from panels as a function of time
Authors: Grigsby Warren , Tohmura Shin-ichiro , Miyamoto Kohta 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Soy and corn gluten proteins are common ingredients in adhesives and resins together with kraft lignin and condensed tannin. The relative contribution of these additives to volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the course of processing hardwood veneer products was evaluated. Press emissions were captured and separated into condensate and gaseous fractions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to characterize aldehydes in condensate and gaseous fractions, while GCMS served for identification and quantitative determination of the compounds in the gas phase. Aldehydes dominate the press emissions with both proteinaceous binders producing significantly higher formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AcA) and hexaldehyde (hexA) emissions compared to pressed veneer without additives. Other aldehydes, including valeraldehyde and propionaldehyde were also captured, but in relatively lower amounts. In contrast, lignin as a binder led to lower FA content in press emissions, whereas tannin significantly reduced contributions of FA, AcA and other aldehydes. VOC emissions from plywood panels during chamber testing were similar to compounds evolved on hot-pressing.
Current insights and future perspectives of hypoxia-inducible factor-targeted therapy in cancer
Authors: Ajith Thekkuttuparambil A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that are expressed in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. They are involved in the cellular adaptations by improving the metabolism of glucose and enhance the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and angiopoietin, thereby they play a pivotal role in the angiogenesis. Hypoxia can increase the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B which promotes the pro-inflammatory status. Abnormally high angiogenesis, inflammation, antiapoptosis and anaerobic glycolysis can augment the progression and metastasis of tumor. Hence, HIFs remain one of the promising antiangiogenic agents as well as a direct target for interfering with the energetic of cancer cells in order to regulate the tumor growth. Previous studies found agents like topotecan, acriflavine and benzophenone-1B etc. to block the HIF-α mediated angiogenesis. The effect is mediated through interfering any one of the processes in the activation of HIF such as nuclear translocation of HIF-1α; dimerization of HIF-1α with β in the nucleus; HIF-1α/HIF-2α mediated induction of VEGF or translation of HIF-1α mRNA. Despite the experimental studies on the inhibitory molecules of HIFs, none of them are available for the clinical use. This review article discusses the recent update on the HIF-targeted therapy in cancer.