bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DO LEITE BOVINO NO BRASIL ASSOCIADA A Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: SILVA TEIXEIRA CAMILLA MÉRCIA , ANDRADE FIGUEIREDO MARIANA 
Published: March 2019

O leite bovino é um dos alimentos mais consumidos pela população brasileira e um dos grandes responsáveis pelo crescimento da economia nacional. Rico em gorduras, carboidratos, proteínas, água e cálcio, o leite promove benefícios para seus consumidores. Por todas as suas características de composição físico-químicas, ele é também um excelente meio de cultivo para diversos micro-organismos. Para minimizar os riscos de disseminação de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTAs) através dessa contaminação microbiológica, o leite deve atender aos parâmetros exigidos pela Instrução Normativa n° 62/2011 estabelecida pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, vigente atualmente. O comércio informal do leite e a inadequação aos parâmetros mencionados elevam o risco de intoxicações alimentares, sobretudo pela contaminação deste com as toxinas produzidas pela Staphylococcus aureus. A manipulação e forma de obtenção estão diretamente ligadas à qualidade do produto e consequentemente à saúde do consumidor uma vez que a ingestão de leite sem comprovada qualidade higiênico-sanitária está associada ao aumento do número de surtos alimentares, sobretudo aos de intoxicação associadas às bactérias S. aureus produtoras de enterotoxinas termorresistentes pré-formadas no alimento que assumem relevância para a saúde pública em virtude do risco de sua veiculação ao homem. Diante disto, esta revisão de literatura teve como principal objetivo salientar a importância da adequação do leite à IN n° 62/2011 assim como destacar um patógeno comumente encontrado neste alimento que é atrelado às más condições de higiene durante a cadeia produtiva do leite, o S. aureus.
Patient and Clinician Engagement with Health Information in the Primary Care Waiting Room: A Mixed Methods Case Study
Authors: Penry Williams Cara , Elliott Kristine , Gall Jane , Woodward-Kron Robyn 
Published: March 2019

Background Primary care waiting rooms can be sites of health promotion and health literacy development through the provision of readily accessible health information. To date, few studies have considered patient engagement with televised health messages in the waiting room, nor have studies investigated whether patients ask their clinicians about this information. The aim of this study was therefore to examine patient (or accompanying person) and clinician engagement with waiting room health information, including televised health messages. Design and methods The mixed methods case study was undertaken in a regional general practice in Victoria, Australia, utilising patient questionnaires, waiting room observations, and clinician logbooks and interviews. The qualitative data were analysed by content analysis; the questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Patients engaged with a range of health information in the waiting room and reportedly received health messages from this information. 44% of the questionnaire respondents (33 of 74) reported watching the television health program, and half of these reported receiving a take home health message from this source. Only one of the clinicians ( N=9) recalled a patient asking about the televised health program. Conclusions The general practice waiting room remains a site where people engage with the available health information, with a televised health ‘infotainment’ program receiving most attention from patients. Our study showed that consumption of health information was primarily passive and tended not to activate patient discussions with clinicians. Future studies could investigate any link between the health infotainment program and behaviour change.
Application of a Preventive Training Program Implementation Framework to Youth Soccer and Basketball Organizations
Authors: Root Hayley J. , Frank Barnett S. , Denegar Craig R. , Casa Douglas J. , Gregorio David I. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , DiStefano Lindsay J. 
Published: March 2019

Context
Preventive training programs (PTPs) can reduce injury rates and improve neuromuscular control and sport performance. However, PTPs must be implemented correctly and consistently over time for athletes to benefit. Coaches represent the best long-term option for implementing PTPs. Youth athletes are at the optimal age for developing good habits before maturation. Although frameworks have been proposed to guide implementation efforts, little is known regarding the feasibility and real-world context of PTP implementation at the youth sport level.

Objective
To evaluate the application of the 7-Step framework for promoting implementation of a preseason PTP workshop.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
Youth soccer and basketball organizations.

Patients or Other Participants
Organizations with at least 1 team of athletes aged 8 to 14 years were invited to participate in a free preseason coaches' education workshop on PTP implementation.

Intervention(s)
The 7-Step framework was used to guide PTP education and implementation for each organization. Personnel at organizations that agreed to participate attended a single preseason workshop for coaches. Research staff were available as a resource throughout the season but did not actively implement or monitor the PTPs.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Retrospective evaluation of each organization's completion of steps 1 through 5 of the 7-Step framework.

Results
A total of 62 youth soccer (n = 40) and basketball (n = 22) organizations were invited to participate. Twelve organizations completed steps 1 through 4 and steps 5a through 5d. The highest drop-off rate occurred during step 1, “Establishing Administrative Support.” No organization completed all components of steps 1 through 5.

Conclusions
To better understand how to successfully promote PTP adoption, we must identify the implementation steps that may present the most challenges. Because the highest drop-off rate was seen during the initial step, establishing administrative support and strengthening initial engagement are necessary to improve PTP implementation.
Vegetation of Akkerendam Nature Reserve, Northern Cape: Delineation and dynamics over 100 years
Authors: Van der Merwe Helga , Hoffman M. Timm 
Published: March 2019

Background: Akkerendam Nature Reserve is the second oldest proclaimed municipal nature reserve in the Northern Cape, yet to date no vegetation map has been produced. The possible expansion of the reserve is under consideration.Objectives: To produce a vegetation map, classification and description of the vegetation of the reserve and proposed expansion area, and assess how the vegetation has changed over the past century.Method: Braun Blanquet methodology was used to produce a vegetation map. To quantify vegetation change, (1) relevés (a plot of phytosociological data) composed from Acocks’ species lists, recorded in 1954 and 1956, were compared with the phytosociological table, and (2) recent repeat photographs (2016) were compared to four images taken by Pole Evans (ca. 1920).Results: Three plant communities were identified within the reserve and expansion area; however, four subcommunities are only found in the proposed expansion area. Relevés compiled from Acocks’ species lists were absorbed into the phytosociological table indicating that no significant vegetation change has taken place in the last approximately 60 years. This study found 222 species in common with Acocks’ species lists; however, he did not list the alien invasive species Prosopis glandulosa. Comparison of repeat photographs with images taken nearly a century earlier suggests that, except for the impact of recent fires, the composition remained relatively similar.Conclusion: The phytosociological approach adopted has provided a map of the vegetation units of the study area, while the historical comparisons indicate that the vegetation of Akkerendam Nature Reserve has not undergone significant change over the last 100 years.
SLC22A5 polymorphism associated with risk of extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Pawlik Andrzej , Paradowska-Gorycka Agnieszka , Safranow Krzysztof , Dziedziejko Violetta , Dutkiewicz Grażyna , Słucznowska-Głabowska Sylwia , Juzyszyn Zygmunt , Drozdzik Marek 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune disease, is thought to be a complex disease in which a combination of risk alleles from different susceptibility genes predisposes to development of the disease, following exposure to as yet unknown environmental factors. An important component of the carnitine system is the plasma membrane carnitine transporters, also called organic cation transporters, i.e. OCTN1 and OCTN2 encoded by the SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 genes, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SLC22A5 polymorphism and RA.Material and methodsThe study was carried out on 404 patients diagnosed with RA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and 560 healthy subjects. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the SLC22A5 gene – 207C>G (rs 2631367) was genotyped using pre-validated TaqMan genotyping assays.ResultsThe distribution of SLC22A5 genotypes and alleles in RA patients did not differ significantly from that in healthy controls. Moreover, there were no significant associations between SLC22A5 genotypes and age at time of disease diagnosis, rheumatoid factor, erosive disease and response to treatment with methotrexate. Extra-articular manifestations were diagnosed in 16.7% of SLC22A5 GG homozygous patients, in 9.4% with the GC genotype and in 7.2% of homozygous CC patients. The frequency of extra-articular manifestations was two-fold greater in homozygous GG patients as compared with carriers of the C allele (GG vs. GC + CC), OR = 2.06 (95% CI: 1.11–3.85, p = 0.022).ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that the SLC22A5 polymorphism may be associated with the development of extra-articular manifestations of RA but the distribution of SLC22A5 genotypes and alleles in studied RA patients did not significantly differ from healthy subjects.
Relapsing polychondritis – analysis of symptoms and criteria
Authors: Maciążek-Chyra Beata , Szmyrka Magdalena , Skoczyńska Marta , Sokolik Renata , Lasocka Joanna , Wiland Piotr 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesRelapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare disease characterised by recurrent inflammation of the cartilaginous structures and proteoglycan-rich organs. The aim of this case series study is to share the 10-year clinical experience of our department in diagnosing RP patients in the context of data from available published studies.Material and methodsA retrospective case analysis of 10 patients with symptoms of RP, hospitalised at the Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases of Wrocław University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2018.ResultsNine out of 10 patients fulfilled at least one of the three sets of the diagnostic criteria. The mean age (±standard deviation) at diagnosis was 54.4 ±13.3 years and ranged from 32 to 73 years. The symptoms suggestive of the RP diagnosis were mainly inflammation of the pinna (in 80% of patients) and laryngeal stenosis (in 20% of patients). The mean age at which initial symptoms were observed was 52.3 ±12.0 years and ranged from 31 to 69 years. Auricular chondritis was the first manifestation of the disease in 40% of cases (two women and two men) laryngeal chondritis in 20%, nasal chondritis in 10%, and bronchial stenosis in 10%. Other initial symptoms were polyarthritis, which was present in 10% of cases (male) and general symptoms observed in 10%.ConclusionsA thorough analysis of the entire medical history with specific questions about the occurrence of the manifestations of the disease in the past leads to the diagnosis of RP. The RP also should be considered in differential diagnosis of respiratory track narrowings. It is very useful to apply the three sets of criteria simultaneously in the diagnostic process.
The Spectre of Superbugs: Waste, Structural Violence and Antimicrobial Resistance in India
Authors: Doron Assa , Broom Alex 
Published: March 2019

At first glance there may seem to be no clear connections between two of humanity’s most pressing problems: environmental waste and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In fact, as we posit in this paper, there is an inevitable convergence across these medical and environmental domains that hinge on social and economic inequalities. Such intersections have not been given nearly enough emphasis. Here we offer a series of considerations regarding the potential nexus of environmental pollution, waste-work, poverty and the decreasing viability of antimicrobials. We suggest that AMR and environmental pollution will fundamentally shape one another over the course of the coming decades, with differential impacts across socio-economic divides. More perniciously, the coalescing of waste, environmental pollution and reduced potency of pharmaceutical infection management will in turn likely escalate cultural prejudices around hygiene, ‘untouchability’, exclusion and privilege. That is, this nexus of waste and bacterial risk will polarise and divide communities, disproportionately affecting poorer communities. This paper is intended to chart an agenda for the study of this increasingly critical site of bacterial-human-environmental relations. It does so by examining the cycle of infection, risk and vulnerability amongst the most disadvantaged sections of the population in India.
NOTA SOBRE A NOÇÃO DE CULTURA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A DE CIVILIZAÇÃO: O OCIDENTE COMO OBSERVATÓRIO DAS FORMAS DE VIDA SOCIAL
Authors: Rodríguez-Alcalá Carolina 
Published: March 2019

Um aspecto central no conhecido debate em torno dos termos civilização e cultura surgido na Europa entre os séculos XVII e XVIII é o olhar mais prescritivo ou descritivo que eles projetam sobre as formas de vida social e seus efeitos na constituição de conceitos que são fundamento das ciências sociais modernas, em particular, da Antropologia. Embora não sem ambivalências, entrecruzamentos e superposições de significação, existe um certo consenso em associar civilização a uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, que tomaria as formas de vida ocidentais como modelo; a invenção do conceito moderno de cultura teria coincidido com o questionamento dessa perspectiva e a constituição de uma postura mais neutra, que definiria toda e qualquer forma de vida como uma entidade coerente e autônoma, que pode e dever ser analisada a partir de categorias próprias. O objetivo do presente trabalho é problematizar essa ideia, sustentando que tanto um como outro termo atualizam, através de percursos de sentido diferentes, uma memória urbana ocidental, a partir das quais são descritas – e hierarquizadas — as diferentes sociedades, o que afetará a constituição tanto do senso comum (os sentidos das palavras) como das ciências (os sentidos dos conceitos). Nosso intuito, com isso, é reconhecer a historicidade de nossas ideias sobre a natureza humana e sua diversidade, sustentando que o olhar é sempre situado no tempo e no espaço e afetado pelas condições políticas particulares em que se inscreve.
MANUALIZAÇÃO E DISCIPLINARIZAÇÃO DOS SABERES DA LÍNGUA: O CASO DA ENUNCIAÇÃO
Authors: Puech Christian 
Published: March 2019

O processo de manualização dos saberes linguísticos concernentes à Enunciação é considerado sob um duplo aspecto: por um lado, as modalidades segundo as quais as teorias da Enunciação, em sua diversidade mesma, emergiram historicamente em uma proximidade problemática com a linguística estrutural: por outro lado, sua integração universitária/escolar progressiva, submetida a outras restrições e transplantadas para uma outra história. É na interseção dessas duas “contextualizações” que o “manual” manifesta sua especificidade em relação às “obras eruditas”. É em torno da noção complexa de transmissão que se coloca em relação à história das ideias linguísticas, de um lado, e a implementação operatória escolar, de outro. De acordo com quais procedimentos? Com quais efeitos? Mas sobretudo aqui: em que condições?
Quality-of-life among Syrian refugees residing outside camps in Jordan relative to Jordanians and other countries
Authors: Abdo Nour , Sweidan Faten , Batieha Anwar 
Published: March 2019

Background
Since the beginning of the Syrian humanitarian crisis, Syrians sought refuge in many safer countries. Many aspects of Syrian refugees’ lives have been affected, hence affecting the overall quality of their lives. However, only one study has investigated their quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to assess the QOL of Syrian refugees residing outside camps in Jordan and compare it to the QOL of Jordanians and to other refugees and populations around the globe.

Methods
Data were obtained from Syrian refugees residing outside camps in Jordan, and from two Jordanian groups; low socioeconomic status (LSES) Jordanians and average socioeconomic status (ASES) Jordanians in 2017. A total of 661 Syrians, 208 LSES Jordanians and 714 ASES Jordanians, aged between 18 and 75 years were included. The World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used as the QOL assessment tool. Analysis of Variance “ANOVA” and post hoc Tukey-Honest tests were used to find the differences between the means of QOL questions in the three groups (Syrians, ASES, and LSES). Stepwise multivariate linear regression was performed for each domain to determine the most associated risk factors.

Results
No significant difference was found between Syrian refugees and LSES Jordanians in the physical health domain. Syrian refugees scored significantly lower than LSES Jordanians in the psychological health and social relationship domain. Syrian refugees scored significantly higher than LSES Jordanians in the environmental domain. ASES Jordanians scored significantly higher than the other two groups in all domains, with all its scores above the average.

Discussion
Despite the support Jordan provides to the Syrian refugees, they still seem to suffer from poor psychological health, social relationships and environmental domains, with scores below 50 on (0–100) scale. Nonetheless, no significant difference was found between Syrian refugees and LSES Jordanians in the physical health domain, furthermore they scored significantly higher than LSES Jordanians in the environmental domain despite both scoring below 50 on (0–100) scale in this domain. Physical, psychological, and social domains were mainly affected by having a job, having higher income, and being married and free from diseases.
Effects of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Marine Water from Niger Delta on the β-Galactosidase Activity of Mutant Escherichia coli
Authors: Uba Bright Obidinma 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine effects of aromatic hydrocarbons and marine water from Niger Delta on the β-Galactosidase activity mutant Escherichia coli.
Study Design: Fifteen treatments and the control designs were set up in triplicates in microtitre plates containing 200 µL of the 100% concentration of samples (three marine waters and distilled water spiked each with xylene, anthracene and pyrene). The fifteen treatments and control (HgCl2) set ups designated as A, B, C, D, E, F and G were used to determine their median effective concentration (EC50) for the inhibition of β-Galactosidase activity of mutant Escherichia coli.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Nigeria between February, 2017 to July, 2017.
Methodology: A laboratory scale study was carried on the water samples from the three studied areas using physicochemical analyses and bacterial Toxi-chromo test.
Results: The findings revealed that the three sampling sites contain higher quantities of aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other physico-chemical parameters in the sediment samples than water samples. Xylene distilled water had the highest EC50 of 3.417 ± 0.094 mg/l while pyrene Onne water had the least EC50 of 0.015 ± 0.002 mg /L. Also, pyrene and anthracene are significantly (P = .05) highly toxic aromatic hydrocarbons (EC50 < 1 mg /L) while xylene is a significantly (P = .05) toxic aromatic hydrocarbon (1 mg /L < EC50 ≤ 10 mg /L) compare to the positive control (HgCl2) (EC50 < 1 mg /L) indicating that enzyme inhibition among test samples were much different from the positive control.
Conclusion: Thus, the toxicity results (< 0.1 mg /L < EC50 ≤ 10 mg /L) in this study indicate that the potential eco-toxicity and environmental health effects of these toxicants should be given attention in order to get rid of their dangerous outcomes.
How Does Adoption of Crop Variety Reduce the Impact of Drought in Agriculture and Mitigate Food Insecurity of Smallholder Farmers? A Case Study on BUdhan1 Rice Variety in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasim Fardus Ahamed , Hoque Muhammad Ziaul , Haque Md. Enamul , Islam Md. Shariful , Parveen Nymphaea , Chakma Sulogna , Afrad Md. Safiul Islam 
Published: March 2019

Adaptation to climate change impacts in agriculture sector is a particular challenge in the coming decades. Erratic rainfall causes prolonged drought period in the north-western part of Bangladesh which hampers crop production and creates uncertainty of food security. Adoption of drought-tolerant crop variety could be an effective strategy to overcome the challenges of food insecurity. This study examines the adoption quotient of BUdhan1 rice variety and its effect on food insecurity status of the beneficiary farmers in Gaibandha district through a questionnaire survey of 60 sampled respondents. The results reveal that respondent farmers are slowly adopting BUdhan1 rice variety although they provided positive feedback regarding its profitability and attributive characteristics. The farm holding size, knowledge, access to information sources and annual household income was positively related to changes in the adoption of BUdhan1 rice variety. However, the productivity and economic returns from BUdhan1 influenced farmers' decision to continue or discontinue of the rice variety in the future. Notably, the study found a very significant impact of BUdhan1 adoption in eradicating food insecurity from the study area. This study highlighted some other strengths and weaknesses of BUdhan1 rice variety that can be included in the further development, multiplication and dissemination process of this rice variety to make it more climate-smart innovation.