bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Lifetime Traumatic Experiences and HIV-Risk Behaviors Among Young Men Living in Informal Settlements in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and Structural Equation Model
Authors: Gibbs Andrew , Hatcher Abigail , Jewkes Rachel , Sikweyiya Yandisa , Washington Laura , Dunkle Kristin , Magni Sarah , Peacock Dean , Khumalo Mzwakhe , Christofides Nicola 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Qualitative research emphasizes men's experiences of trauma increase HIV risk. We seek to understand associations between experience of traumatic events and HIV-risk behaviors among heterosexual men in 2 trials in urban informal settlements in South Africa.

Methods:
Cross-sectional surveys among men in Johannesburg and Durban, South Africa, enrolled in intervention trials. Adjusted logistic regression and structural equation modeling assessed associations between men's experiences of poverty and traumatic events, and HIV-risk behaviors (inconsistent condom use, transactional sex, and number of sex partners). We explored mediated pathways from trauma to HIV risk through mental health and alcohol, and gender attitudes.

Results:
Among 2394 men, in adjusted logistic regression, transactional sex and 4 or more sex partners were associated with witnessing the murder of a family member, witnessing a murder of a stranger, experiencing excessive pain, been kidnapped, and witnessing a rape. More consistent condom use was associated with witnessing the murder of a family member, being kidnapped, and witnessing a rape. In 3 separate structural equation modeling pathways were consistent, trauma directly increased transactional sex, and past year sexual partners, and increased consistent condom use. Risk was increased through mental health pathways, and gender inequitable attitudes and practices.

Conclusion:
Men's HIV-risk behaviors in this population emerge at the confluence of poverty, traumatic experiences, and gender inequalities. Effective HIV-prevention interventions needs to reduce men's experiences of poverty and trauma, transform gender norms, and reduce the mental health impact of trauma.
Evaluation of PR3-ANCA Status After Rituximab for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: McClure Mark E. , Wason James , Gopaluni Seerapani , Tieu Joanna , Smith Rona M. , Jayne David R. , Jones Rachel B. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction
The value of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) measurements among patients with an established diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) to assess disease activity or predict relapse remains controversial, but recent evidence suggests a possible role for rituximab-treated patients.

Patients and Methods
All patients with active vasculitis and positive proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCA who were starting a 2-year treatment course of rituximab for induction of remission at Addenbrooke's Hospital between January 2011 and January 2016 were included in this study. Common department practice consists of 6 g of rituximab given over 2 years, concomitant corticosteroids (0.5–1.0 mg/kg) with rapid taper over 3 months, and cessation of oral maintenance immunosuppressive agents at time of first rituximab dose. Clinical and laboratory data were collected retrospectively using electronic patient records.

Results
Fifty-seven patients with current PR3-ANCA positivity were included in the analysis. Median follow-up was 59 months. PR3-ANCA negativity was achieved in 25 patients (44%) with a median time of 14 months. Clinical remission was achieved in 53 patients (93%) with a median time of 3 months. Among the 53 patients who achieved remission during follow-up, 24 (45%) relapsed with a median time to relapse of 36 months from remission. Both PR3-ANCA–negative status and 50% reduction in PR3-ANCA from baseline (as time-varying covariates) were significantly associated with a longer time to relapse (PR3-ANCA–negative status: hazards ratio, 0.08 [95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.63, p = 0.016]; 50% reduction in PR3-ANCA: hazards ratio, 0.25 [95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.99, p = 0.046]).

Conclusions
Achieving and maintaining PR3-ANCA negativity after rituximab was associated with longer-lasting remission.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Using 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow Involvement in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Abe Yoshiaki , Kitadate Akihiro , Usui Yoshiaki , Narita Kentaro , Kobayashi Hiroki , Miura Daisuke , Takeuchi Masami , O'uchi Eri , O'uchi Toshihiro , Matsue Kosei 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
No study has analyzed a sizeable cohort that comprised solely peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) patients for the diagnostic and prognostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for bone marrow (BM) involvement. This study aimed to investigate the utility of PET/CT for the identification of BM involvement and to explore its prognostic relevance in patients with PTCL.

Methods
Eighty-three consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PTCL were enrolled in this retrospective study. The diagnosis of BM involvement was confirmed on the basis of positive BM histology or disappearance of marrow abnormalities on follow-up PET/CT concurrently with a successful treatment response.

Results
Of 28 patients with confirmed BM involvement, BM biopsy (BMB) and PET/CT detected an involvement in 17 and 25 patients. Among 66 patients with negative BM histology, 11 patients had BM involvement detected by PET/CT and furthermore showed significantly shorter progression-free and overall survival than patients without BM involvement. We recategorized the International Prognostic Index (IPI) risk groups based on the presence of BM involvement using the combined assessment of iliac crest marrow biopsy histology and PET/CT (PET/BMB-based IPI). PET/BMB-based IPI tended to perform better than conventional BMB-based IPI.

Conclusions
This study included the largest population of PTCL patients for PET/CT evaluation of BM involvement so far. PET/CT exhibited a higher sensitivity for BM involvement than BMB. Furthermore, BM assessment using PET/CT identified patients at high risk of disease progression and mortality among those with negative BM histology, suggesting that PET/CT may have a potential to improve existing prognostic strategies in PTCL.
Comparing the Staging/Restaging Performance of 68Ga-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen and 18F-Choline PET/CT in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lin Chun-Yi , Lee Ming-Tsung , Lin Cheng-Li , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
PET/CT using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and choline radiotracers is widely used for diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, the roles of and differences in diagnostic performance between these 2 radiotracers for prostate cancer are unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the staging and restaging performance of 68Ga-labeled PSMA and 18F-choline PET/CT imaging in prostate cancer.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed for studies reporting the staging performance of 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-choline PET/CT in prostate cancer from the inception of the database to October 1, 2018, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Thirty-five studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled estimates of patient- and lesion-based sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-choline PET/CT were calculated alongside 95% confidence intervals. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was determined alongside the Q* index.

Results
The patient-based overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging in prostate cancer (13 studies) were 0.92, 0.94, 7.91, 0.14, 79.04, and 0.96, respectively, whereas those of 18F-choline PET/CT (16 studies) were 0.93, 0.83, 4.98, 0.10, 68.27, and 0.95. The lesion-based overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging in prostate cancer (9 studies) were 0.83, 0.95, 23.30, 0.17, 153.58, and 0.94, respectively, and those of 18F-choline PET/CT (4 studies) were 0.81, 0.92, 8.59, 0.20, 44.82, and 0.98. In both patient- and lesion-based imaging, there was no statistically significant difference in the abilities of detecting or excluding prostate cancer between 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-choline PET/CT.

Conclusions
For staging and restaging performance in patients with prostate cancer, there was no significant difference between 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-choline PET/CT. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-choline PET/CT have demonstrated high diagnostic performance for accurate staging and restaging in patients with prostate cancer, and thus both should be considered for staging in this disease.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor With Bilateral Adrenal Metastases
Authors: Tripathy Sarthak , Passah Averilicia , Singhal Abhinav , Prashanth Arun , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
MPNSTs (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors) are a highly malignant group of soft tissue sarcomas and carry a very poor prognosis. Metastasis to bilateral adrenal glands is very rare in such group of neoplasms. We discuss a case of 85-year-old man who was diagnosed with MPNST from prevertebral mass with metastases to bilateral adrenal glands and bone marrow from the beginning and role of serial 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in response assessment first to sunitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and then to liposomal doxorubicin.
Detection of Local Relapse of Prostate Cancer With 18F-PSMA-1007
Authors: Seifert Robert , Schafigh Darius , Bögemann Martin , Weckesser Matthias , Rahbar Kambiz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–targeted PET/CT has become a fundamental tool in the management of patients with prostate cancer, especially to rule out local recurrence after surgery or radiation. However, the assessment of the prostatic fossa is difficult due to the renal excretion of PSMA-targeted radionuclides. PET/CT studies using 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and 18F-PSMA-1007 of a 61-year-old man after radical prostatectomy are presented. This case illustrates that 18F-PSMA-1007 is an ideal radionuclide for the detection of local recurrence of prostate cancer and is superior to 68Ga-PSMA-11, especially in case of pelvic lesions.
A Drain-free Technique for Female-to-Male Gender Affirmation Chest Surgery Decreases Morbidity
Authors: Gallagher Sidhbh , Rahmani Farrah , Russell Arielle , Duquette Stephen 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
One of the most common surgical procedures for gender affirmation surgery of the chest is mastectomy. The aims of this article are to review the outcomes of a single surgeon's experience with a drainless technique, which we named “masculoplasty” and compare morbidity in this group to previously published outcomes where drains were used.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all patients presenting to a single surgeon for gender-affirming chest surgery. A literature review was completed, compiling data from previously published studies of mastectomy with free nipple graft for the transgender patient. Outcomes of this drain-free group were compared with historical data, where drains were known to have been used.

Results
One hundred fifty-three patients underwent 306 masculoplasties in a university teaching hospital. The mean age of patients was 30 years (17–66 years). Sixty-five (42%) had 1 or more chronic medical comorbidities with 17 diabetic patients (11%). The mean body mass index was 32 kg/m2 (18–57 kg/m2), and 83 (54%) were obese. Forty-two (27%) of the patients had a history of smoking. Mean operative time was 136 minutes (74–266 minutes).
Hematoma occurred in 1 patient (0.3%). Infections occurred in 7 masculoplasties (2%) with wound dehiscence in 3 (1%). Two masculoplasties (0.7%) had partial nipple necrosis. Two patients (0.7%) developed a symptomatic pneumothorax. There were 0 seromas, and no procedures were performed to drain fluid. Eight masculoplasties (3%) underwent secondary corrections. Median follow-up was 9 months.
Outcomes from this drain-free technique were compared with previously published outcomes of mastectomy where drains were known to be used. When compared with previously published series (n = 1334), the drain-free group had statistically significantly lower rates of hematoma (1/306 vs 39/1334, P = 0.0036) and acute reoperation (1/306 vs 42/1334, P = 0.0024). There was a shorter length of hospital stay in the drain-free group with a statistically significantly lower revision rate (8/306 vs 116/1334, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
Gender affirmation chest surgery can be safely offered using a drain-free or “masculoplasty” technique. Compared with historical data, the use of progressive tension sutures decreases the incidence of hematoma, the need for acute reoperation, and other complications.
Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Current Practice
Authors: Li Mingxian , Mao Song , Tang Ru , Lin Hai , Li Dawei , Ye Haibo , Su Kaiming , Chen Zhengnong , Zhang Weitian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
As delayed diagnosis and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage are common in current practice, this study was performed to determine associated factors and discuss appropriate strategies to deal with these problems. A retrospective analysis of all cases of CSF leakage in our hospital from 2007 to 2018, including 41 patients with CSF rhinorrhea and 5 with CSF otorhinorrhea, was performed. Symptoms, associated diseases, misdiagnoses, history of skull base repair surgical, previous medical costs, and number of hospital visits before visiting our institution were reviewed. The diagnoses, surgical reconstruction methods, and prognoses of the patients were analyzed. In 18 patients, CSF leakage was spontaneous, in 14 the cause was trauma, and in the remaining 14 the origin was iatrogenic. Twelve patients had been misdiagnosed with allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, or otitis media. Twelve cases had intracranial infection and 14 suffered airway infection. Six had undergone unsuccessful craniotomy, endonasal endoscopic surgery, or ear surgery for treatment of CSF leakage before visiting our institute. This resulted in an average of 5.13 ± 1.32 referrals and medical costs of up to 20,795.7 ± 4553.80 RMB. The success rate was 97.83% after repairing CSF fistulae in our hospital. The septal floor flap (SFF) method (based on ethmoidal arteries) to treat CSF rhinorrhea showed a success rate of 100% in 12 patients. Therefore, early localization, clinical diagnosis, and appropriate repair surgery can avoid the occurrence of delayed events. Pedicled flaps, including SFF, are recommended to manage challenging CSF rhinorrhea.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Treatment of Adult Facial Arteriovenous Malformations: A Review of the Literature and A Single Institution's Experience With “Late” Surgical Resection and Aesthetic Reconstruction
Authors: Pedreira Rachel , Lopez Joseph , Ostrander Benjamin T. , Pearl Monica , Puttgen Katherine , Tekes Aylin , Dorafshar Amir H. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high flow vascular anomalies that are difficult to manage given their high recurrence rate. At this time, the optimal treatment of AVMs involves embolization and surgical resection. However, few studies have examined patient outcomes after a delayed surgical resection approach.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all patients presenting to a single institution with vascular malformations from 2000 to 2016 was performed. Patients with facial AVMs that underwent operative management were included. Records were reviewed for patient characteristics, lesion natural history, operative timing after embolization (<72 vs >72 hours), and outcomes.

Results:
11 patients fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Nine patients were female, with an average age at resection of 29.1 years. Three patients had hemi/mid-facial AVMs, 1 patient had a nasal AVM, 3 patients had labial AVMs, 1 patient had an AVM on the chin, and 1 had a periorbital AVM. Average time between embolization and primary resection was 8.6 days (range 1–24). No complications requiring reoperation occurred in any patient. Average follow-up was 32.6 months, with 2 recurrences at a mean of 47.6 months. Timing of resection, Schobinger stage, and resection completeness did not significantly affect recurrence (P >0.05). Lesion size >6 cm in any dimension was significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.018).

Conclusion:
Compared to early resection, delayed (>72 h) surgical resection after embolization of facial AVMs is a viable treatment option and results in non-inferior recurrence rates (25 vs 14% respectively over a 40-month period).
Kimura's Disease
Authors: Wang Xizhong , Ma Ying , Wang Zhiming 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Kimura's disease (KD) is a benign, rare and chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology and it affects subcutaneous tissues, lymph nodes, and salivary glands. The clinical manifestation of cases reported is mainly small neoplasms or enlarged lymph nodes, while cases for large masses are rarely reported. This case reveals a female patient of KD with large masses in the head and neck region. The scope of the tumor is huge, which seriously affects the facial shape and psychology of the patient, thereby affecting the daily life of the patient. Although the patient had surgically removed the same site tumor 8 years ago, it was not possible to determine whether it was a recurrent case because the postoperative pathological diagnosis of first treatment was not confirmed. Under the general anesthesia, the right head and neck masses were removed. During the operation, the facial nerve branches were wrapped by the masses. After consulting the family members, it was agreed that the facial nerve should not be preserved for maximum extent removal of the tumor. Although the patient has facial paralysis symptoms after surgery, the facial shape and patient's psychology are greatly improved, and the patient is satisfied with the treatment effect. Surgical treatment is one of the effective ways to treat huge tumors in the head and neck of KD. This study has certain guiding significance for clinicians to treat huge tumors of head and neck in KD.
Ophthalmic Changes Following Maxillectomy With or Without Postoperative Radiation Therapy
Authors: Sweeney Adam R. , Walker Brian , Bhrany Amit D. , Chang Shu-Hong , Jian-Amadi Arash 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate ophthalmic complications and quantitatively assess anatomic changes following maxillectomy with or without adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with midface malignancy.

Methods:
Twenty-four patients who underwent maxillectomy for sinus and/or paranasal cancer were included for retrospective review. Patients with complete ophthalmic examinations were evaluated for postoperative findings corresponding to sequelae of treatment. When available, anatomical changes including eyelid position were quantified from preoperative and postoperative full-face photos using computer software.

Results:
The most common complications identified in patients after maxillectomy were retraction/ectropion (50%), epiphora (29%), and exposure keratopathy/dry eye syndrome (25%). Patients treated with maxillectomy with adjuvant radiation therapy were more frequently found to have ophthalmic complications following treatment. In patients with available postoperative photos (n = 10), the mean ipsilateral margin reflex distance (MRD)2 and inferior scleral show were 8.4 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively. In patients with available preoperative photos (n = 5), the mean change in MRD2 and inferior scleral show following maxillectomy was 3.4 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
Patients undergoing maxillectomy for the treatment of head and neck malignancy may be at significant risk for development of specific periocular complications. Lower eyelid malposition was the most significant postoperative quantitative eyelid change following maxillectomy, which may be exacerbated by adjuvant radiotherapy and inferior orbital rim removal.
The Natural Growth Rate of Skull Base Meningiomas Compared With Non-Skull Base Meningiomas
Authors: Yao Xiang , Wei Ting , Zhang Haoran , Li Jialin , Tang Aiwen , Ren Ke 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the authors assessed the differences in natural growth rates between skull base and non-skull base meningiomas by meta-analysis. Studies investigating meningioma growth rate were compiled from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the collected literature were conducted using Stata 12.0 software. A total of 7 observational cohort studies, including 361 patients with untreated meningiomas, were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that the weighted mean difference for absolute growth rate (years), relative growth rate (years), and doubling time (month) were 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.64, P <.0001), 1.08 (95%CI: 0.85–1.32, P <.0001), and −0.56 [95%CI: (−0.78)–(−0.33), P <.0001)] respectively. These findings indicate that the natural growth rate of skull base meningioma is less than that of non-skull base meningioma.
Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Defects of the Lower Lip With a Double Overlying Cervical Flap
Authors: Copelli Chiara , Manfuso Alfonso , Pederneschi Nicola , Hanna Karim Tewfik , Cassano Lazzaro , Cocchi Roberto 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Reconstruction of full-thickness total or subtotal lower lip defects represents a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon because of the difficulty to create a functional and aesthetically good lip. Many surgical techniques, going from local to free flaps, have been reported, each of them having its own advantages and disadvantages. In particular, the free fascio-cutaneous flaps in most cases are the first reconstructive option, even though several disadvantages such as the complexity of the procedure, longer operative times, morbidity, longer hospitalization, and conspicuous donor-site scar. To avoid these problems, especially in aged patients and in presence of low compliance and/or comorbidities, the Authors propose a single stage reconstruction with a double overlying cervical flap.
Use of Calcium Phosphate Cement for Repairing Bone Defects: Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Analyses
Authors: Gulinelli Jéssica Lemos , Queiroz Thallita Pereira , Hochuli-Vieira Eduardo , Okamoto Roberta , Mattos João Marcos Borges , Calcagnotto Thiago , Santos Pâmela Leticia dos 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the repair of surgically created bone defects filled with blood clot, autogenous bone, and calcium phosphate cement, by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Ten adult male rabbits were used. Three bone defects were prepared with an 8-mm diameter trephine bur in the parietal region of each animal and filled with blood clot (Group BC), autogenous bone (Group AB), and calcium phosphate bone cement (Group CPC). The animals were euthanized at 40 and 90 postoperative days. The sections were subjected to histomorphometric analysis of the new bone formed inside the calvarial defects and immunohistochemical staining to determine the expression of osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) proteins. Histomorphometric data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at 5% significance level. In the results at 40 and 90 days, Group AB differed significantly from Group CPC regarding the area of newly formed bone. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of OP, OC, and TRAP proteins in all groups. Group AB showed prevalence of OC and OP, and lower TRAP expression. Therefore, the calcium phosphate bone cement assessed in the present study did not accelerate the protein expression dynamics during bone healing, compared with the autogenous group.