bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of 58K SNP-array and high-density linkage map in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus)
Authors: Joshi Rajesh , Árnyasi Mariann , Lien Sigbjørn , Gjøen Hans Magnus , Alvarez Alejandro Tola , Kent Matthew 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite being the second most important aquaculture species in the world accounting for 7.4% of global production in 2015, tilapia aquaculture has lacked genomic tools like SNP-arrays and high-density linkage maps to improve selection accuracy and accelerate genetic progress. In this paper we describe the development of a genotyping array containing more than 58,000 SNPs for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). SNPs were identified from whole genome resequencing of 32 individuals from the commercial population of the Genomar strain, and selected for the SNP-array based on polymorphic information content and physical distribution across the genome using the Orenil1.1 genome assembly as reference sequence. SNP-performance was evaluated by genotyping 4991 individuals, including 689 offspring belonging to 41 full-sib families, which revealed high-quality genotype data for 43,588 of the SNPs. A preliminary genetic linkage map was constructed using Lepmap2 which in turn was integrated with information from the O_niloticus_UMD1 genome assembly to produce an integrated physical and genetic linkage map comprising 40,186 SNPs distributed across 22 linkage groups. Around one-third of the linkage groups showed a different recombination rate between sexes, with male and female map lengths differing by a factor of 1.2 (1359.6cM and 1632.9cM respectively), with most linkage groups displayed a sigmoid recombination profile. Finally, the sex-determining locus in this population was mapped to position 40.53 cM on linkage group 23, in the vicinity of the anti-Müllerian hormone (amh) gene. These new resources has the potential to greatly influence and improve the genetic gain when applying genomic selection and surpass the difficulties of efficient selection for invasive traits in tilapia.
A non-canonical-PPARγ/RXRα-binding sequence regulates leptin expression in response to changes in adipose tissue mass
Authors: Zhang Yinxin , Dallner Olof Stefan , Nakadai Tomoyoshi , Fayzikhodjaeva Gulya , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Lazar Mitchell A. , Roeder Robert G. , Friedman Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLeptin expression decreases after fat loss and is increased when obesity develops and its proper quantitative regulation is essential for the homeostatic control of fat mass. We previously reported that a distant leptin enhancer (LE1), 16kb upstream from the transcription start site (TSS), confers fat-specific expression in a BAC transgenic reporter mouse (BACTG). However this and the other elements that we identified do not account for the quantitative changes in leptin expression that accompany alterations of adipose mass. In this report, we used ATAC-seq to identify a 17bp non-canonical-PPARγ/RXRα-binding site leptin regulatory element 1 (LepRE1) within LE1, and show that it is necessary for the fat-regulated quantitative control of reporter (luciferase) expression. While BACTG reporter mice with mutations in this sequence still show fat-specific expression, luciferase is no longer decreased after food restriction and weight loss. Similarly the increased expression of leptin reporter associated with obesity inob/obmice is impaired. A functionally analogous LepRE1 site is also found in a second, redundant DNA regulatory element 13kb downstream of the TSS. These data uncouple the mechanisms conferring qualitative and quantitative expression of the leptin gene and further suggest that factor(s) that bind to LepRE1 quantitatively control leptin expression and might be components of a lipid sensing system in adipocytes.SignificanceLeptin gene expression is highly correlated with the lipid content of individual fat cells suggesting that it is regulated by a "fat sensing" signal transduction pathway. This study is thus analogous to studies that led to the identification of a cholesterol-sensing pathway by studying the regulation of the LDL receptor gene by intracellular cholesterol. Several lines of investigation have suggested that, in addition to adipocytes, liver, neurons and other cell types can also sense changes in lipid content though the molecular mechanisms are unknown. The data here provide a critical first step toward elucidating the components of this system, which would be of great importance. These studies also identify a previously underappreciated role of PPARγ/RXRα complex to regulate leptin expression.
Bayesian Analysis of Retinotopic Maps
Authors: Benson Noah C. , Winawer Jonathan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman visual cortex is organized into multiple retinotopic maps. Characterizing the arrangement of these maps on the cortical surface is essential to many visual neuroscience studies. Typically, maps are obtained by voxel-wise analysis of fMRI data. This method, while useful, maps only a portion of the visual field and is limited by measurement noise and subjective assessment of boundaries. We developed a novel Bayesian mapping approach which combines observation–a subject’s retinotopic measurements from small amounts of fMRI time–with a prior–a learned retinotopic atlas. This process automatically draws areal boundaries, corrects discontinuities in the measured maps, and predicts validation data more accurately than an atlas alone or independent datasets alone. This new method can be used to improve the accuracy of retinotopic mapping, to analyze large fMRI datasets automatically, and to quantify differences in map properties as a function of health, development and natural variation between individuals.
A novel histone H4 variant regulates rDNA transcription in breast cancer
Authors: Long Mengping , Sun Xulun , Shi Wenjin , An Yanru , Leung Tsz Chui Sophia , Ding Dongbo , Cheema Manjinder S. , MacPherson Nicol , Nelson Chris , Ausio Juan , Yan Yan , Ishibashi Toyotaka 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHistone variants, present in various cell types and tissues, are known to exhibit different functions. For example, histone H3.3 and H2A.Z are both involved in gene expression regulation, whereas H2A.X is a specific variant that responds to DNA double-strand breaks. In this study, we characterized H4G, a novel hominidae-specific histone H4 variant. H4G expression was found in a variety of cell lines and was particularly overexpressed in the tissues of breast cancer patients. H4G was found to localize primarily to the nucleoli of the cell nucleus. This localization was controlled by the interaction of the alpha helix 3 of the histone fold motif with the histone chaperone, nucleophosphomin 1. In addition, we found that H4G nucleolar localization increased rRNA levels, protein synthesis rates, and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, micrococcal nuclease digestion of H4G-containing nucleosomes reconstitutedin vitroindicated that H4G destabilizes the nucleosome, which may serve to alter nucleolar chromatin in a way that enhances rDNA transcription in breast cancer tissues.
Advance or face
Authors: Li Rui , Xu Jia , Zhou Mingshan , Wang Tianyu 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
In accordance with the traditional ranking of “scholar, farmer, artisan and merchant” in China, entrepreneurs are characterized as having lower social status, and are driven by face consciousness to engage in conspicuous consumption. Education is not only a human capital investment but also a conspicuous consumption good. This study aims to investigate how entrepreneurial households manage their education expenditure differently from non-entrepreneurial households and what the underlying mechanism is.

Design/methodology/approach
Using Chinese Household Finance Survey 2011 data, this study empirically examines the education expenditure differentials between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial households. Regression analyses on matched samples are carried out and the results are quite robust across different model specifications.

Findings
On the basis of the empirical analysis, this study finds that entrepreneurial households annually spend 19.30 per cent more on education than non-entrepreneurial households. The empirical results provide no evidence that education generates a greater increase in income for entrepreneurial households than for their non-entrepreneurial counterparts, which indicates that the education expenditure differentials do not result from different income returns to education. The findings show that education is a conspicuous good and the gap in education expenditure is partially attributable to different demands for the conspicuous consumption, which results from different face consciousness between the two kinds of households.

Originality/value
The results of this study reveal the significance and economic consequences of face consciousness for entrepreneurial households from the perspective of education.
Linkages among workplace negative behavioral incidents
Authors: Mardanov Ismatilla , Cherry John 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the linkages between such negative workplace behaviors as abusive supervision and coworker bullying (CB)/mobbing; also, the study explores the linkages between such negative behaviors and work-life outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use “negative acts,” abusive supervision, and workplace bullying/mobbing and develop work-life outcomes scales to test a data set collected from randomly selected respondents in the Midwest of the USA. The two-stage data collection offsets common method variance.FindingsThe authors find evidence that American supervisors and employees commit negative behavioral acts rarely. However, the data analyses indicate that many significant relationships exist among negative acts, abusive supervision, CB/mobbing, and employee well-being.Research limitations/implicationsCompanies are reluctant to allow surveying their employees on the subject of negative acts. Therefore, respondents in this study are a random sample. Many statistically significant interrelationships were detected.Practical implicationsThis study will reinvigorate discussion on workplace negative behaviors, bullying, and their effects on employee well-being.Social implicationsAddressing and reducing negative workplace behaviors will reduce employee stress and anxiety and improve the quality of employees’ work and life.Originality/valueThe scales were selected and developed, and the data set was constructed specifically for this study; the interactions of negative acts, abusive supervision, CB and mobbing, and work-life outcomes are tested together in a workplace scenario for the first time.
The information needs of the Ghanaian immigrant
Authors: Atiso Kodjo , Kammer Jenna , Adkins Denice 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the information needs of Ghanaian immigrants who have settled in Maryland in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an ethnographic approach, immigrants from Ghana shared their information needs, challenges and sources they rely upon for information. In total, 50 Ghanaian immigrants participated in this study.

Findings
Findings indicate that like many immigrant populations, Ghanaians who have immigrated to the USA primarily rely on personal networks, mediated through social media, as their primary sources of information. Despite the availability of immigration resources in the library, Ghanaian immigrants may not view it as a useful resource.

Social implications
While this study examines a single immigrant population, its social implications are important to libraries who aim to serve immigrant populations in their community.

Originality/value
This study provides new information about African immigrant population, a population whose information needs have rarely been covered in the literature.
Leader identity development in healthcare: an existential-phenomenological study
Authors: Koskiniemi Anne , Vakkala Hanna , Pietiläinen Ville 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to take an existential-phenomenological perspective to understand and describe the experienced leader identity development of healthcare leaders working in dual roles. Leader identity development under the influence of strong professional identities of nurses and doctors has remained an under-researched phenomenon to which the study contributes.

Design/methodology/approach
Existential-phenomenology serves as a perspective underpinning the whole research, and an existential-phenomenological method is applied in the interview data analysis.

Findings
The study showed leader identity development in healthcare to be most strongly influenced and affected by clinical work and its meanings and followers’ needs and leader–follower relationships. In addition, four other key categories were presented as meaningful in leader identity development; leader identity development is an ongoing process occurring in relations of the key categories.

Originality/value
The existential-phenomenological approach and analysis method offer a novel way to understand leader identity development and work identities as experienced.
Cost drivers for managing dialysis facilities in a large chain in Taiwan
Authors: Cho Chia-Ching , Chiu AnAn , Huang Shaio Yan , Liu Shuen-Zen 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
As the rise in expenditures will be even faster when the baby-boom generation soon reaches healthcare-dependent ages, healthcare providers are facing cost management decision of achieving superior performance. Taiwan provides a unique environment that the dialysis service providers face only one medical buyer. The purpose of this paper is to discuss cost factors of dialysis facilities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of factors influencing the dialysis costs using the data collected from a large renal clinic chain at Taiwan. The multiple linear regression analysis is employed to examine the factors influencing dialysis costs. The research sample composed of 1,255 patients is collected from 16 dialysis centers in Taiwan.

Findings
The results indicate that the treatment costs of dialysis are influenced by managerial factors including capacity utilization rate (CUR), the percentage of shares held by the owners and the geographical location of clinics (LC). The findings assist renal clinics to identify the parts critical to the cost control. Our results indicate that medical variable costs for performing the dialysis treatments are significantly influenced by such managerial factors as CUR, the percentage of owners’ shares holding and LC.

Practical implications
By identifying a comprehensive set of costs drivers for dialysis services, this study provides useful information for both health providers and policy makers. In specific, the result assists these providers to consider the utilization of better mechanisms/instruments to control costs by increasing the operational efficiency and achieving the economies of scale.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to exploring costs drivers that are generally absent from the extant literature. The result suggests that the regulators should be aware that the dialysis providers may reject costly patients. Hence, to establish the appropriate monitoring mechanisms to prevent such incidence is important. Finally, many other countries in addition to Taiwan also have a similar practice as national health insurances or services (e.g. Medicare in the USA or National Health Service in the UK). Those health systems may all face a similar cost control issues for handling end-stage renal disease patients. The analysis can help health systems worldwide to better design the reimbursement rates to account for the differences existed in dealing with the dialysis treatment costs.
When and why firms issue sukuk?
Authors: Ahmed Hasib , Hassan M. Kabir , Rayfield Blake 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze whether investors perceive the issuance of sukuk differently than they do in case of conventional bonds, by using event study with superior data. Then, it analyzes whether financial characteristics of issuers can explain the abnormal return and likelihood of sukuk issuance. Finally, the paper proposes a testable model explaining the investor reaction.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses market model event study to assess investor reaction to the issuance of sukuk. Then, linear and logistic regressions are used to test whether financial characteristics of issuers can explain the abnormal return and likelihood of sukuk issuance. To investigate the differences between sukuk issuers and bond issuers, this paper tests the difference in means of issuer characteristics. Finally, the sample is subdivided into good and bad firm prospects according to dividend/earnings ratio and book-to-market ratio. The subdivisions are used to test the proposed model explaining the investor reaction.FindingsThe study finds that a large variety of firms issues sukuk. The event study reports significant negative abnormal returns around the announcement date of sukuk issuance. The study also reveals that the earning prospect of issuer firms affect the investor reaction. Firms with lower earning prospect receive a negative reaction from the investors. Also, smaller, or financially unhealthy firms are more likely to issue sukuk. Smaller and riskier firms issue sukuk, because participation in the market is less constrained. In other words, the risk-sharing nature of sukuk might imply that the firm is not confident about the future prospect. However, if the firm has good earnings prospects, investors react to the issuance of sukuk negatively.Research limitations/implicationsReliability and availability of data is a hurdle to test the investor reaction model. As more data become available, the models implications can be further tested.Originality/valueThis paper uses the most complete set of data to study sukuk, making it the most selection bias-free and complete study. Moreover, the proposed investor reaction model will enrich the theory.
Development of traditional flavour in commercial doogh by addition of lipase
Authors: Sasanian Nazanin , Mortazavian Amir Mohammad , Hosseini Hedayat , Mohammadi Reza , Nayebzadeh Kooshan , Sasanian Negar 
Published: May 2018

The combined effects of lipase/cream reaction, temperature/time and pH of fermentation on levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), biochemical changes, oxidative stability and flavour development of the dough during 21 days of cold storage were investigated. Levels of short‐chain FFAs increased in doogh samples, while long‐chain FFAs decreased. Under the severe conditions of the lipase/cream reaction, the lowest pH drop, acidity increase and the highest intensity of lipid oxidation were observed. Treatment with a shorter reaction time and a lower temperature of the lipase/cream mixture and a lower final pH of fermentation (4.0‐20‐30) achieved the highest sensory acceptability, which could be used to improve industrial doogh.
CTC1‐STN1 coordinates G‐ and C‐strand synthesis to regulate telomere length
Authors: Gu Peili , Jia Shuting , Takasugi Taylor , Smith Eric , Nandakumar Jayakrishnan , Hendrickson Eric , Chang Sandy 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCoats plus (CP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CTC1, a component of the CST (CTC1, STN1, and TEN1) complex important for telomere length maintenance. The molecular basis of how CP mutations impact upon telomere length remains unclear. The CP CTC1L1142H mutation has been previously shown to disrupt telomere maintenance. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to engineer this mutation into both alleles of HCT116 and RPE cells to demonstrate that CTC1:STN1 interaction is required to repress telomerase activity. CTC1L1142H interacts poorly with STN1, leading to telomerase‐mediated telomere elongation. Impaired interaction between CTC1L1142H:STN1 and DNA Pol‐α results in increased telomerase recruitment to telomeres and further telomere elongation, revealing that C:S binding to DNA Pol‐α is required to fully repress telomerase activity. CP CTC1 mutants that fail to interact with DNA Pol‐α resulted in loss of C‐strand maintenance and catastrophic telomere shortening. Our findings place the CST complex as an important regulator of both G‐strand extensions by telomerase and C‐strand synthesis by DNA Pol‐α.
Test Characteristics of Point‐of‐care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Retinal Detachment in the Emergency Department
Authors: Kim Daniel J. , Francispragasam Mario , Docherty Gavin , Silver Byron , Prager Ross , Lee Donna , Maberley David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) have reported high sensitivities and specificities for retinal detachment (RD). Our primary objective was to assess the test characteristics of POCUS performed by a large heterogeneous group of emergency physicians (EPs) for the diagnosis of RD.MethodsThis was a prospective diagnostic test assessment of POCUS performed by EPs with varying ultrasound experience on a convenience sample of emergency department (ED) patients presenting with flashes or floaters in one or both eyes. After standard ED assessment, EPs performed an ocular POCUS scan targeted to detect the presence or absence of RD. After completing their ED visit, all patients were assessed by a retina specialist who was blinded to the results of the POCUS scan. We calculated sensitivity and specificity with associated exact binomial confidence intervals (CIs) using the retina specialist's final diagnosis as the reference standard.ResultsA total of 30 EPs enrolled 115 patients, with median age of 60 years and 64% female. The retina specialist diagnosed RD in 16 (14%) cases. The sensitivity and specificity of POCUS for detecting RD were 75% (95% CI = 48%–93%) and 94% (95% CI = 87%–98%), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 12.4 (95% CI = 5.4–28.3), and negative likelihood ratio was 0.27 (95% CI = 0.11–0.62).ConclusionsA large heterogeneous group of EPs can perform POCUS with high specificity but only intermediate sensitivity for RD. A negative POCUS scan in the ED performed by a heterogeneous group of providers after a 1‐hour POCUS didactic is not sufficiently sensitive to rule out RD in a patient with new‐onset flashes or floaters.
Effects of subsidized crop insurance on crop choices
Authors: Yu Jisang , Sumner Daniel A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on how subsidized crop insurance affects crop choices. Crop insurance may change farm investments by reducing risks and providing subsidies. First, actuarially fair insurance reduces risks in crop production and marketing, holding the expected return constant. Second, insurance subsidies encourage farms to purchase crop insurance, which increases the expected return to insured risky crops. Farms also have many self‐insurance mechanisms such as crop diversification or working off the farm. We derive conditions under which (1) unsubsidized and actuarially fair crop insurance or (2) insurance premium subsidies lead to more investment in a risky higher return crop. We then examine the role of self‐insurance for these conditions. The impact of premium subsidies is decomposed into a direct profit effect and an indirect coverage effect. These effects are explained by substitutions between market insurance and self‐insurance and between a risky crop and a safe crop. We discuss each effect as a combination of subsidy and risk effects. Numerical illustrations show that an insurance subsidy has a larger impact on risky crop investments compared to that of an input subsidy when farms are more risk‐averse and have high costs of self‐insurance. The framework provides a novel way to evaluate subsidized crop insurance programs.