bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon footprint in corporate logistics operations in the food sector
Authors: Bermeo Juan Felipe , Rodríguez Victoria M. , Alvarez Maria Jesús 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGlobal warming is negatively affecting the environment of the planet. This situation has led to the development of international standards, such as the International Organisation for Standardization's DIS 14064‐1 and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard, both of which measure corporate carbon footprints. These standards provide guidelines that can be applied to different organizational sectors. However, these are not sufficient for controlling the reduction of carbon emissions, because although they propose the use of indicators, they do not explicitly define them. In addition, in the case of emissions from wastewater treatment, they only suggest that the emissions associated with this process be considered. In the present study, an eight‐step, unified methodology based on these two international standards is proposed, focusing on direct emissions. Moreover, the step‐by‐step to data collection, calculations, and the required indicators to control the emissions are defined. The first scope considers direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the company. Methane generation measurement from wastewater treatment has been included in the methodology within Scope 1, as it is the second most polluting gas after carbon dioxide, both of which give rise to global warming. The proposed methodology was tested as a case study in one of the most important companies in the food sector in Colombia.
Characteristics of Genital Dissatisfaction Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Women
Authors: Rowen Tami S. , Gaither Thomas W. , Shindel Alan W. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Female genital self-image is an important aspect of psychosocial and sexual health. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) is a validated instrument that has been used to characterize women’s level of genital dissatisfaction.

Aim
In this report, we assess genital dissatisfaction using the FGSIS in a nationally representative sample of U.S. women.

Methods
We conducted a nationally representative survey of non-institutionalized adults aged 18–65 years residing in the United States. The survey included questions about demographics, sexual behavior, and the FGSIS.

Outcomes
Demographic characteristics were found to significantly correlate to women's perceived genital dissatisfaction.

Results
In total, 3,372 women completed the survey and 3,143 (93.2%) completed the FGSIS. The mean age was 46 years, and there was broad representation across the United States in terms of age, education, and location. On bivariate analysis, women’s genital dissatisfaction was significantly correlated to their age, race, location, and education. Women who were sexually active were less likely to report genital dissatisfaction than women who were not sexually active (76% vs 62%, respectively, P &lt; .001). The frequency of sexual activity was negatively correlated with genital dissatisfaction (P = .002). Women who reported genital dissatisfaction were less likely than those who reported satisfaction to engage in receptive vaginal sex (83% vs 88%, respectively, P = .03). There were no other significant associations between genital dissatisfaction and types of sexual activity. On multivariate analysis, women were less likely to report genital dissatisfaction if they were older, of black race, had an education level of high school or above, and/or lived in the Northeastern or Midwestern United States. There was no association between genital dissatisfaction and relationship status or gender of sexual partner.

Clinical Translation
Female genital dissatisfaction may be related to age, race, education, and geography.

Conclusions
This is the first nationally representative sample of U.S. women focusing on genital and self-image and dissatisfaction. These data may not apply outside the United States. These data may help providers who provide information for women and manage concerns related to genital self-image.
Education Agendas and Resistance With the Teaching and Learning of Freshwater and Extreme Freshwater Events
Authors: Sammel Alison , McMartin Dena , Arbuthnott Katherine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite the essentiality of freshwater to all life on the planet, the populous has inadequate understandings of water. Formal education plays a key role in shaping how individuals and communities make sense of water, its accessibility, management, consumption, and hazards. This article seeks to bring attention to the influence of cultural framings of freshwater and extreme freshwater events (such as flood and drought) in government-mandated school curricula in two water-vulnerable geographical regions of Australia and Canada. We seek to identify and respond to hegemonic social constructions that become naturalised if left unexamined. By examining the agendas and language around freshwater and extreme freshwater events in formal educational curricula, we gain a better understanding of the perceptions and assumptions made about freshwater. The results highlight that freshwater and extreme freshwater events are minimally conceptualised within these curricula as ‘nature-based’, rather than being part of a dialectical relationship with societal agendas and practices. This article discusses the implications of this framing and the psychological barriers that may affect the acknowledgment and investigation of extreme freshwater events. We conclude by offering curricular suggestions that invite community-based understandings of the dialectic relationship freshwater has with communities and regional ecosystems.
Palaeontological pedagogues of the 1830s: the prehistory of the ‘history of life’ genre
Authors: SOMERSET RICHARD 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough the findings of the discipline of palaeontology had been rich enough since the 1830s to render a chronological history of nature conceivable, a recognizable genre fulfilling this purpose did not fully emerge until the 1860s. The lapse of time was largely due to the conceptual and formal difficulties of marrying content of adequate empirical credibility to a narrative of adequate readability. Early efforts were made by pedagogues and popularizers more than by men of science. This article considers four examples of such pieces, written between 1828 and 1837, and studies the ways in which their authors experimented with traditional and less traditional pedagogical formats in their various attempts to promote specific outlooks on the nature of natural process and on the place of empirical science in the education of their essentially middle-class audiences. It argues that the particular requisites of the pedagogical mode would help set the norm for the mature genre in later years.
Using publication data to evaluate a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) career development program: Early outcomes from KL2 scholars
Authors: Sayavedra Noelia , Hogle Janice A. , Moberg D. Paul 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionThis study uses KL2 scholars’ publications to evaluate the types of research the KL2 program supports and to assess the initial productivity and impact of its scholars.MethodsWe illustrate the feasibility of 3 different approaches to bibliometrics, one viable method for determining the types of research a program or hub supports, and demonstrate how these data can be further combined with internal data records.ResultsGender differences were observed in the types of research scholars undertake. Overall KL2 scholars are performing well, with their publications being cited more than the norm for National Institutes of Health publications. Favorable results were also observed in scholars’ continued engagement in research.ConclusionThis study illustrates that linking bibliometric data and data categorizing publications along the translational spectrum with a Clinical and Translational Science Award hub’s internal data records is feasible and offers a number of innovative possibilities for the evaluation of a Clinical and Translational Science Award hub’s programs and investigators.
kW-class high power fiber laser enabled by active long tapered fiber
Authors: Shi Chen , Zhang Hanwei , Wang Xiaolin , Zhou Pu , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: April 2018

Compared with traditional uniform fibers, tapered fiber has numerous unique advantages, such as larger mode area, higher pump absorption, suppression to nonlinear effects, and maintaining good beam quality. In this manuscript, we have constructed an all-fiberized fiber amplifier which is based on a piece of ytterbium-doped tapered double-clad fiber (T-DCF). The fiber amplifier is operated under continuous wave (CW) regime at 1080 nm wavelength. The $M^{2}$ factor of the amplifier at 1.39 kW output power is ${\sim}1.8$. The maximum output power of the system reached 1.47 kW, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest output power of long tapered fiber based fiber laser system. Our result successfully verifies the potential of power scalability and all-fiberized capability of long tapered fiber, and the performance of our system can be further enhanced by fiber design optimization.
AMS Dates of New Maize Specimens Found in Rock Shelters of the Tehuacan Valley
Authors: Torres-Rodríguez Esperanza , Vallebueno-Estrada Miguel , Martínez González Javier , García Cook Angel , Montiel Rafael , Vielle-Calzada Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA large collection of maize macro-specimens has been gathered from archaeological sites across the American continent, but only a few have been directly dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). We recently conducted two new excavations in several rock shelters of Tehuacán valley (San Marcos, Coxcatlán, and Purrón) and uncovered 132 non-manipulated macro-specimens of maize suitable for morphological and paleogenomic analysis, including many complete cobs, stalks, internodes, and leaves. Direct AMS dates for 43 samples found in San Marcos or Coxcatlán confirm the previously reported chronologies for these sites. By contrast, a cob found in Purrón was dated to 3060±30 before present (3360–3180 cal BP) (2σ), demonstrating that maize was present at that site at least 1500 calendar years earlier than previously expected, and suggesting that other specimens of similar age are still likely to be found in the southeastern region of the Tehuacán valley. A global comparison of macro-specimen chronology across the continent shows that the current archaebotanical record does not yet reflect the chronology of dispersal from central Mexico to northern or southern regions, opening the possibility for finding the missing links in subsequent expeditions within Mexico and Central America.
Association of epicardial fat thickness with clinical and polysomnographic parameters in non-obese obstructive sleep apnoea patients
Authors: Derin S , Altun I , Koseoglu S , Sahin C , Yilmaz M , Akin F , Sahan M 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to investigate the relationship of epicardial fat thickness with severity of obstructive sleep apnoea, and clinical and polysomnographic parameters, and to determine independent predictors for epicardial fat thickness.Methods:A total of 84 patients with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2 and suspected sleep-disordered breathing were included in the study. The correlations of epicardial fat thickness with polysomnographic and clinical data, and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea, were investigated.Results:Mean epicardial fat thickness was 3.75 ± 1.07 mm in the study group (n = 62) and 2.97 ± 0.62 mm in the control group (n = 22) (p < 0.001). There were significant positive correlations between epicardial fat thickness and: apnoea/hypopnoea index, oxygen desaturation index 3 and minimum oxygen saturation, as well as with age, body mass index, and neck and waist circumferences.Conclusion:Non-obese obstructive sleep apnoea patients have thicker epicardial fat compared to controls. Oxygen desaturation index 3 has a strong correlation with epicardial fat thickness and is an independent predictor of it.
‘What a Picture Can Do’: Contests of colonial mastery in photographs of Asian ‘houseboys’ from Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, 1880s–1920s
Authors: LOWRIE CLAIRE 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe archives of colonial Southeast Asia and northern Australia contain hundreds of photographs of masterly white colonizers and their seemingly devoted Asian ‘houseboys’. This article analyses this rich photographic archive, drawing on examples from the Netherlands Indies, Singapore, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and the Northern Territory of Australia. It explores how photographs of ‘houseboys’ worked as a ‘visual culture’ of empire that was intended to illustrate and immortalize white colonial power, but that also expressed anxieties about colonial projects. As well as a tool for understanding the assertions and insecurities of white colonizers, the article argues that photographs of servants can be used to illuminate the working lives of these Chinese, Malay, Javanese, and Filipino men. Drawing on a remarkable studio portrait that was commissioned by three Filipino servants and an oral history account from a Chinese servant, I conclude that both masters and servants used the photographic medium to assert their power in the home and the colony.
Lonely young adults in modern Britain: findings from an epidemiological cohort study
Authors: Matthews Timothy , Danese Andrea , Caspi Avshalom , Fisher Helen L. , Goldman-Mellor Sidra , Kepa Agnieszka , Moffitt Terrie E. , Odgers Candice L. , Arseneault Louise 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to build a detailed, integrative profile of the correlates of young adults’ feelings of loneliness, in terms of their current health and functioning and their childhood experiences and circumstances.MethodsData were drawn from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a birth cohort of 2232 individuals born in England and Wales in 1994 and 1995. Loneliness was measured when participants were aged 18. Regression analyses were used to test concurrent associations between loneliness and health and functioning in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine childhood factors associated with young adult loneliness.ResultsLonelier young adults were more likely to experience mental health problems, to engage in physical health risk behaviours, and to use more negative strategies to cope with stress. They were less confident in their employment prospects and were more likely to be out of work. Lonelier young adults were, as children, more likely to have had mental health difficulties and to have experienced bullying and social isolation. Loneliness was evenly distributed across genders and socioeconomic backgrounds.ConclusionsYoung adults’ experience of loneliness co-occurs with a diverse range of problems, with potential implications for health in later life. The findings underscore the importance of early intervention to prevent lonely young adults from being trapped in loneliness as they age.
Behavior problems in sexually abused preschoolers over a 1-year period: The mediating role of attachment representations
Authors: Charest Florence , Hébert Martine , Bernier Annie , Langevin Rachel , Miljkovitch Raphaële 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccording to the developmental psychopathology framework, adverse childhood experiences, including child sexual abuse (CSA), may alter the course of normal development in children. Attachment security has been identified as a protective factor against psychopathology and may thus play a critical role in predicting victims’ adaptation. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the mediating effect of attachment representations in the relation between CSA and behavior problems over a 1-year period. The sample consisted of 391 children (251 sexually abused) aged 3.5 to 6 years. The Attachment Story Completion Task and the Child Behavior Checklist were used. Disorganized attachment partially mediated the relation between CSA and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems 1 year following the initial assessment. This mediation effect was not found for ambivalent nor secure attachment dimensions. Child gender was found to moderate the association between CSA and disorganization, with larger effects of CSA among boys. These findings underscore the importance of considering attachment representations in treatment programs for preschool victims. Evidence-based practice focusing on trauma could be combined with an attachment-based intervention targeting the parent–child relationship. Moreover, interventions should be gender sensitive, as CSA appears to affect boys and girls differently.
Assessing multilingual multimodal image description: Studies of native speaker preferences and translator choices
Authors: FRANK STELLA , ELLIOTT DESMOND , SPECIA LUCIA 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo studies on multilingual multimodal image description provide empirical evidence towards two questions at the core of the task: (i) whether target language speakers prefer descriptions generated directly in their native language, as compared to descriptions translated from a different language; (ii) whether images improve human translation of descriptions. These results provide guidance for future work in multimodal natural language processing by first showing that on the whole, translations are not distinguished from native language descriptions, and second delineating and quantifying the information gained from the image during the human translation task.
Where to put the image in an image caption generator
Authors: TANTI MARC , GATT ALBERT , CAMILLERI KENNETH P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen a recurrent neural network (RNN) language model is used for caption generation, the image information can be fed to the neural network either by directly incorporating it in the RNN – conditioning the language model by ‘injecting’ image features – or in a layer following the RNN – conditioning the language model by ‘merging’ image features. While both options are attested in the literature, there is as yet no systematic comparison between the two. In this paper, we empirically show that it is not especially detrimental to performance whether one architecture is used or another. The merge architecture does have practical advantages, as conditioning by merging allows the RNN’s hidden state vector to shrink in size by up to four times. Our results suggest that the visual and linguistic modalities for caption generation need not be jointly encoded by the RNN as that yields large, memory-intensive models with few tangible advantages in performance; rather, the multimodal integration should be delayed to a subsequent stage.
Effectiveness of a parental school-based intervention to improve young children’s eating patterns: a pilot study
Authors: Gomes Ana Isabel , Barros Luisa , Pereira Ana Isabel , Roberto Magda Sofia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot study of a parental school-based intervention to promote healthy eating behaviours in young children.DesignA quasi-experimental longitudinal design with three conditions (complete intervention (CIG), minimal intervention (MIG), control (CG)), with repeated measures at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 6 months and 1 year after intervention.SettingFourteen public and state-funded kindergartens near Lisbon, Portugal.SubjectsParents (n349) of 3- to 6-year-old children assigned to the three conditions completed the baseline protocol. The ‘Red Apple’ intervention included four parental group sessions about young children’s growth, nutritional guidelines and positive parental feeding strategies, which was combined with adult–child activities at home and in the classroom, and newsletters (CIG). MIG included only a single nutritional counselling session, whereas the CG had no intervention. At the end, thirty-eight, twenty-six and fifty-four parents in the CIG, MIG and CG, respectively, had completed all evaluation components. Data regarding parental perception of children’s weight, self-efficacy, nutritional knowledge, feeding strategies, eating behaviours and BMI were collected at the four assessment moments.ResultsThe CIG showed improvements in children’s healthy food intake, compared with the MIG and CG. Parental self-efficacy regarding the regulation of children’s eating behaviours decreased in the CG but not in both intervention groups.ConclusionsConsidering the low dosage of the intervention, the results obtained were positive. Future studies should offer additional solutions to overcome barriers to parents’ participation.
India–Solar Cells: Trade Rules, Climate Policy, and Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: KARTTUNEN MARIANNA , MOORE MICHAEL O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIndia–Solar Cellsis one of a growing number of WTO disputes that highlight the continuing tensions between climate change polices (and renewable energy manufacturing initiatives in particular) and established multilateral trading rules. The United States alleged that Indian policies discriminated against foreign solar cell suppliers operating in the Indian market. The Appellate Body broadly rejected India's arguments to justify the measure either under Article III.8 public procurement derogations or as a general exception under ‘short supply’ and ‘compliance with laws and regulations’ provision of Article XX of the GATT. We argue that the Appellate Body was correct both on legal and economic grounds. The case does highlight the continuing need for clarity about the allowed parameters for climate change policies within the multilateral trade system.
Russia–Tariff Treatment: Identifying Systematic Violations of WTO Law
Authors: REYNOLDS KARA M. , RIGOD BORIS 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn October 2014, the European Union requested consultations with Russia under the WTO's dispute settlement system regarding Russia's tariff treatment of various agricultural and manufacturing products. Although most of the measures challenged by the EU were individual tariff lines, the final measure in its complaint was a ‘more general measure’ referred to as the systematic duty variation. A WTO Dispute Panel eventually ruled that the EU failed to establish the systematic nature of the duty treatment afforded by Russia to certain products. In this paper, we explore the Dispute Panel's ruling, as well as how claims of systematic non-compliance are treated in other legal settings. We conclude by exploring whether future WTO Panels should instead consider statistical evidence of systematic treatment to promote compliance.