bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peran Radiasi dalam Tatalaksana Retinoblastoma
Authors: Sinambela Aurika , Djakaria H.M 
Published: September 2018

Retinoblastoma merupakan keganasan orbita tersering pada anak. Leukokoria merupakan tanda utama pada 80% pasien, diikuti strabismus, penurunan visus, hingga perdarahan vitreus pada penyakit stadium lanjut. Retinoblstoma dapat bersifat unilateral maupun bilateral, herediter maupun non-herediter, di mana terjadi mutasi pada kedua alel gen RB1 pada lengan panjang kromosom 13 (13q14). Tujuan utama terapi retinoblastoma adalah penyelamatan hidup pasien dan tujuan sekundernya adalah penyelamatan bola mata dan fungsi penglihatan. Agar tujuan ini tercapai, diagnosis dini dan tatalaksana multimodalitas yang terdiri atas kemoterapi, terapi fokal, operasi, dan radiasi oleh tim multidisiplin diperlukan. Laju sintasan retinoblastoma pada negara berkembang mencapai >95% namun pada negara sedang berkembang, mortalitas retinoblastoma masih tinggi, mencapai 40-70% karena keterlambatan diagnosis dan terapi.
Radioterapi pada Karsinoma Sel Basal
Authors: Fatmasari - , Djakaria H.M 
Published: September 2018

Karsinoma sel basal (KSB) merupakan kanker kulit yang paling sering terjadi, bersifat slow growing, invasif lokal, agresif dan destruktif lokal, jarang bermetastasis, namun dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan lokal dan cacat fungsional. Radioterapi sebagai terapi utama dalam kondisi tertentu mampu memberikan hasil yang baik. Begitu pula sebagai terapi adjuvan, radioterapi terbukti mampu menurunkan angka rekurensi dengan konsekuensi kosmetik minimal dan efek samping yang dapat ditoleransi. Oleh karena itu, pertimbangan radioterapi dalam tatalaksana KSB harus dimasukkan ke dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis dan manajemen multidisiplin.
Kompresi Medulla Spinalis akibat Metastasis
Authors: Sinambela Aurika , Ramli Irwan 
Published: September 2018

Sebanyak 5 – 10% pasien kanker akan mengalami kompresi medulla spinalis akibat metastasis (KMSM). Penyakit ini terjadi saat tumor atau fragmen tulang menggeser dan menekan kedudukan medulla dalam kanalis spinalis. Gejala utama adalah nyeri punggung (83-95% pasien), dengan atau tanpa deficit motorik (82% pasien) dan sensorik (50-80% pasien). Saat ini pencitraan terpilih untuk diagnosis kompresi medulla spinalis adalah MRI dengan kontras. Kondisi ini merupakan salah satu kegawatdaruratan onkologi, yang harus ditatalaksana segera setelah diagnosisnya ditentukan. Modalitas terapi yang tersedia saat ini adalah operasi, radioterapi, dan kortikosteroid. Sepertiga pasien dengan KMSM memiliki kesempatan hidup lebih dari 1 tahun setelah terapi, sehingga tatalaksana yang dipilih harus mempertimbangkan toksisitas dan morbiditas pasca terapi agar tercapai kualitas hidup yang optimal.
Low-luminosity AGN and X-Ray Binary Populations in COSMOS Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Fornasini Francesca M. , Civano Francesca , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Elvis Martin , Marchesi Stefano , Miyaji Takamitsu , Zezas Andreas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present an X-ray stacking analysis of ∼75,000 star-forming galaxies between 0.1 < z < 5.0 using the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy survey to study the X-ray emission of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) and its connection to host galaxy properties. The stacks at z < 0.9 have luminosity limits as low as 1040–1041 erg s−1, a regime in which X-ray binaries (XRBs) can dominate the X-ray emission. Comparing the measured luminosities to established XRB scaling relations, we find that the redshift evolution of the luminosity per star formation rate (SFR) of XRBs depends sensitively on the assumed obscuration and may be weaker than previously found. The XRB scaling relation based on stacks from the Chandra Deep Field South overestimates the XRB contribution to the COSMOS high specific SFR stacks, possibly due to a bias affecting the CDF-S stacks because of their small galaxy samples. After subtracting the estimated XRB contribution from the stacks, we find that most stacks at z > 1.3 exhibit a significant X-ray excess indicating nuclear emission. The AGN emission is strongly correlated with stellar mass but does not exhibit an additional correlation with SFR. The hardness ratios of the high-redshift stacks indicate that the AGN are substantially obscured (N
H ∼ 1023 cm−2). These obscured AGN are not identified by IRAC color selection and have L
X ∼ 1041–1043 erg s−1, consistent with accretion at an Eddington rate of ∼10−3 onto 107–108
M
⊙ black holes. Combining our results with other X-ray studies suggests that AGN obscuration depends on stellar mass and an additional variable, possibly the Eddington rate.
Fermi-LAT Observations of the 2017 September 10 Solar Flare
Authors: Omodei Nicola , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Longo Francesco , Allafort Alice , Krucker Säm 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Fermi-Large Area Telescope detection of the X8.2 GOES class solar flare of 2017 September 10 provides for the first time observations of a long-duration high-energy gamma-ray flare associated with a ground-level enhancement (GLE). The >100 MeV emission from this flare lasted for more than 12 hr covering both the impulsive and extended phases. We present the localization of the gamma-ray emission and find that it is consistent with the active region from which the flare occurred over a period lasting more than 6 hr. The temporal variation of the gamma-ray flux and of the proton index inferred from the gamma-ray data seems to suggest three phases in acceleration of the proton population. Based on timing arguments we interpret the last phase to be tied to the acceleration mechanism powering the powering the production of the GLE particles.
VVV Survey Microlensing: The Galactic Longitude Dependence
Authors: Navarro María Gabriela , Minniti Dante , Contreras-Ramos Rodrigo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We completed the search for microlensing events in the zero latitude area of the Galactic bulge using the VVV Survey near-infrared (near-IR) data obtained between 2010 and 2015. We have now a total sample of N = 630 events Using the near-IR color–magnitude diagram we selected the red clump (RC) sources to analyze the longitude dependence of microlensing across the central region of the Galactic plane. The events show a homogeneous distribution, smoothly increasing in numbers toward the Galactic center, as predicted by different models. We find a slight asymmetry, with a larger number of events toward negative longitudes than positive longitudes. This asymmetry is seen both in the complete sample and the subsample of RC giant sources, and it is possibly related with the inclination of the bar along the line of sight. The timescale distribution is fairly symmetric with a peak in 17.4 ± 1.0 days for the complete sample (N = 630 events), and 20.7 ± 1.0 days for the RC stars (N = 291 events), in agreement with previous results.
Limited thermal acclimation capacity in cave beetles
Authors: Pallarés Susana , Ribera Ignacio , Montes Aitor , Millán Andrés , Rizzo Valeria , Comas Jordi , Sánchez-Fernández David 
Published: September 2018

Thermal tolerance is a key vulnerability factor for species that cannot cope with changing conditions by behavioural adjustments or dispersal, such as subterranean species. Previous studies of thermal tolerance in cave beetles suggest that these species may have lost some of the thermoregulatory mechanisms common in temperate insects, and appear to have a very limited thermal acclimation ability. However, it might be expected that both thermal tolerance and acclimation ability should be related with the degree of specialization to deep subterranean environments, being more limited in highly specialized species. To test this hypothesis, we use an experimental approach to determine the acclimation capacity of cave beetles within the tribe Leptodirini (family Leiodidae) with different degrees of specialization to the deep subterranean environment. For this, we acclimate groups of individuals at

a temperature close to their upper thermal limit (20ºC) or

a control temperature (approximately that of the cave in which they were found) for 2 or 10 days (short- vs. long-term acclimation).

a temperature close to their upper thermal limit (20ºC) or
a control temperature (approximately that of the cave in which they were found) for 2 or 10 days (short- vs. long-term acclimation).
Upper thermal limits (heat coma temperature, HC) are then measured for each individual using a ramping protocol (rate of increase of 1ºC/min) combined with infrared thermography and video recording. Preliminary results in a deep subterranean species (Speonomidius crotchi, with an intermediate degree of specialization) showed no significant effect of acclimation temperature in HC at any of the exposure times. Such reduced thermal plasticity could be also expected for other highly specialized subterranean species. The potential implications of these findings for subterranean biodiversity in a climate change context are discussed.
Ecological and Evolutionary Classification of Subterranean Organisms
Authors: Culver David C , Pipan Tanja 
Published: September 2018

Evolutionary processes, including natural selection, neutral mutation, and habitat filtering, act upon morphology and other aspects of their biology, as well as species composition itself, to produce the observed patterns or community structure and morphology. The context for these evolutionary processes (the ecological theater in G.E. Hutchinson’s phrase) are the subterranean habitats. We have a relatively rich vocabulary to describe habitats (e.g., MSS, epikarst, hypotelminorheic) and to describe the closeness of association of a particular species or population with these habitats (e.g. trogloxene, troglophile, and troglobiont). Trajano provides a bridging principle between the ecological theater and the evolutionary play with the concept of source and sink populations. What has been given much less attention is the morphological side, coined by Christiansen, that is the results of the evolutionary play. The word we have available is “troglomorphy”, which has been taken to mean

loss of eyes and pigment,

loss of eyes and pigment as well as increases in extra-optic sensory structures,

any convergent change in any subterranean population.

loss of eyes and pigment,
loss of eyes and pigment as well as increases in extra-optic sensory structures,
any convergent change in any subterranean population.
Only regressive changes are included in the first meaning; both regressive and progressive changes are included in the second; and the third includes autamorphy as well as homoplasy. Typically, it is used for the suite of characters involved, rather than an individual character. We suggest that the term “troglomorphy” be restricted to convergent changes (in the sense of [2] above) in subterranean habitats, and that the phrase “cave-dependent”, also used by Christiansen, be used when considering only caves, and perhaps be joined by phrases such as “MSS-dependent”. Additionally, the phrases ‘cave-dependent”, “MSS-dependent”, etc. be used for individual characters.
La formation des cadres des médias africains par le e-learning
Authors: Caudron Fabrice , Grecos Myrto , Jeafar Ibtisseme 
Published: September 2018

L’article présente une étude de cas portant sur la formation de cadres des médias africains par le e-learning. La place des médias dans les pays africains a longtemps été limitée à une fonction de relais du discours du pouvoir en place. Les années 1990 et 2000 ont été marquées par l’émergence de processus de transition qui ont abouti à une libéralisation du paysage médiatique avec la création de nouveaux médias. L’Afrique a donc vu émerger des groupes privés dont les besoins en encadrement intermédiaire se font croissant. Notre objectif est ici de mieux comprendre les dimensions organisationnelles d’une formation e-learning dans l’enseignement supérieur à travers la problématique suivante : comment et en quoi le développement d’une stratégie partenariale e-learning apporte-t-elle une réponse au besoin de formation de cadres intermédiaires et dirigeants des médias africains ? Notre méthodologie repose sur une recherche-action, mobilise des sources qualitatives variées et prend ici la forme d’une étude de cas. Le e-learning constitue ici un instrument de coopération Nord/Sud pertinent à la condition d’une prise en compte de la spécificité du secteur d’activité (les médias), du contexte culturel (l’Afrique) et du caractère particulier d’une formation à destination d’un public professionnel, c’est-à-dire l’accompagnement personnalisé.
Hommage aux gens « de rien »
Authors: Clément Nicolas , Taïbi Nadia 
Published: September 2018

« En interpellant la société, en honorant ces morts, nous agissons aussi pour les vivants », Nicolas Clément aime rappeler le mot d’ordre du Collectif des Morts de la Rue dont il assure la présidence. Il rappelle qu’honorer les morts est une question de dignité : celle que les vivants se doivent d’abord mutuellement.
Ne plus être né
Authors: Taïbi Nadia 
Published: September 2018

Le crime parfait doit conduire à l’effacement de la vie que l’on assassine. Un tel effacement est aussi caractéristique de la peine de mort civile : la sanction pénale dont on admet qu’elle fût la plus radicale. Elle rappelle que l’on peut non pas seulement disparaître mais ne pas même apparu et rend ainsi vertigineuse la force du souverain…
Le Rien, la mort et l’Idéal
Authors: Diet Emmanuel 
Published: September 2018

La société hypermoderne se trouve aujourd’hui affaiblie par la violence nihiliste du terrorisme djihadiste. Ces nouveaux « martyrs » s’assurent de l’emprise et leur violence et fantasment sur la destruction de la civilisation. Est-ce donc le règne du Rien qu’ils travaillent à faire venir ?
Réduire les inégalités de santé : Lor’IS, une grille d’accompagnement pour les acteurs de terrain en promotion de la santé
Authors: Gaudefroy Marie , Osbery Aline , Christophe Émilie 
Published: September 2018

Introduction : La question des inégalités de santé est complexe et peut sembler éloignée des acteurs de terrain. Cet article présente Lor’IS, une grille d’accompagnement des porteurs de projets ayant pour objectif de leur permettre de questionner leurs actions à travers des critères contribuant à la réduction des inégalités sociales et territoriales de santé. Méthodes : Une analyse de la littérature et un recueil des besoins des acteurs ont abouti à sa création. Fruit d’une démarche portée par un groupe de travail plurisectoriel, elle a été testée par les futurs utilisateurs et améliorée. Résultats : Lor’IS légitime la place des acteurs de tous champs, institutionnel ou associatif, à lutter contre les inégalités de santé. Accessible, cet outil vise à faciliter la mise en place de projets en promotion de la santé, reconnue comme contribuant à la réduction de ces dernières, en s’appuyant sur 51 items. Discussion : Cette démarche doit être poursuivie auprès d’acteurs tels que les professionnels du soin, du logement, de l’emploi, du milieu rural, maillons essentiels de la réduction des inégalités mais pourtant encore éloignés de cet enjeu. Enfin, un travail de plaidoyer doit être mené pour que la question des inégalités de santé soit intégrée au sein de toutes les politiques publiques.
Aerosol-induced changes in the vertical structure of precipitation: a perspective of TRMM precipitation radar
Authors: Guo Jianping , Liu Huan , Li Zhanqing , Rosenfeld Daniel , Jiang Mengjiao , Xu Weixin , Jiang Jonathan H. , He Jing , Chen Dandan , Min Min , Zhai Panmao 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Our knowledge is still poor regarding the response of the precipitation vertical
structure to aerosols, partly due to the ignorance of precipitation occurring
at different spatial scales. A total of 6 years of collocated ground-based PM10
and satellite-based (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) radar data, along with ERA-Interim reanalysis, are
used in this study to investigate the aerosol effects on three localized rain
regimes (shallow, stratiform, and convective rain) over the Pearl River Delta
region of China. A subjective analysis method is proposed to discriminate
between the localized and synoptic-scale precipitations based on weather
composite charts where daily averaged wind field at 850 hPa is overlaid with
the geopotential height at 500 hPa. In general, average rain rate tends to be
greater under polluted conditions than under clean conditions. But such
potential aerosol effects are regime dependent: as the atmosphere becomes
slightly polluted (PM10≤38 µg m−3), the top 1 % radar reflectivity (Z) for all regimes
initially increases, followed by continued increases and weak decreases for
convective and stratiform/shallow rain regimes, respectively. As the
atmosphere becomes much more polluted, such regime dependences of aerosol
effects are more significant. From a perspective of the vertical Z structure,
comparisons between polluted conditions (days with the highest third of
PM10 concentration) and clean conditions (days with the lowest third of
PM10 concentration) show that the convective rain regime exhibits a deeper
and stronger Z pattern, whereas a much shallower and weaker Z pattern is
observed for stratiform and shallow precipitation regimes. In particular, the
top height of the 30 dBZ rain echo increases by ∼29 %
(∼1.27 km) for the convective regime, but decreases by
∼10.8 % (∼0.47 km) for the stratiform regime.
However, no noticeable changes are observed for the shallow precipitation regime.
Impacts of meteorological factors are further studied on both rain top height
(RTH) and the center of gravity of Z, including vertical velocity, vertical wind
shear, convection available potential energy, and vertically integrated
moisture flux divergence (MFD). The possible invigoration effect on convective
precipitation seems dependent on wind shear, in good agreement with previous
findings. Overall, the observed dependence of the precipitation vertical
structure on ground-based PM10 supports the notion of aerosol
invigoration or suppression effect on cold or warm rain and adds new insights into
the nature of the complex interactions between aerosol and various localized
precipitation regimes.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SPECTRA BY THE VORTEX METHOD WITH ARTIFICIAL TURBULENCE
Authors: Ogami Y. , Nishiwaki K. , Yoshihara Y. 
Published: September 2018

First, in order to use as an inlet condition for turbulent simulation, a method is presented which produces numerically an artificial turbulence, namely, a series of velocity fluctuations of which frequency is Gaussian, and energy spectrum and root mean square correspond to the given ones. Besides, the fluctuation data are determined by the characteristic parameters of turbulent flows such as the inlet mean velocity, the kinematic viscosity, the Kolmogorov scale and the integral time scale. Our examples show excellent accuracy and flexibility of the method. Secondly, the vortex method has been studied to see the ability of the method to deal with turbulent flows. It is found that the energy spectra produced by this agree well with the ones given as the inlet condition, and that the vortex method is able to produce turbulent flows with the given parameters described above.
UNCERTAINTY IN STATIC PRESSURE CORRECTION IN A SUBSONIC WIND TUNNEL
Authors: Reis M. L. C. C. , Mello O. A. F. , Chisaki M. 
Published: September 2018

The static pressure p on the subsonic Wind Tunnel of the Aerodynamic Testing Laboratory of the Institute of Aeronautics and Space  IAE, Aerospace Technical Center  CTA, is measured using an absolute pressure sensor, located on the upper test section wall. This measurement is not taken at the same location as the one where the model is mounted during the actual wind tunnel test. This fact raises the need for a correction during data reduction. The identification and evaluation of the associated error source is important because the static pressure is an input quantity for the calculation of the total pressure pt, Mach number M and density ρ during the test. The present paper is concerned with the determination of the relationship between the static pressure measured on the tunnels upper wall and that at the model location, and with the analysis of the uncertainty propagation for the measured flow parameters.
AIR VELOCITY PROFILES IN AIR BLAST FREEZERS FILLED WITH BOXES OF FRUIT PULP MODELS
Authors: Resende J.V. , Silveira Jr. V. 
Published: September 2018

The changes in the air velocities caused by the resistance for the air flow due to fruit pulp model packaged (100 grams) and conditioned in multi layers boxes during freezing process were evaluated and air flow rate were estimated using a method of treatment of the experimental data. The air velocities were measured before the air pass through the pillage of multi layer boxes in the air stream. For the measurements processing was used a non linear regression routine. Air flow rate measured by the present method resulted of the numerical integration of air velocities adjusted profile. Results presented a relative difference 10 % higher than the standard average procedure, which consists in averaging the air velocity measurements performed at each point of the section. In the same fan operation conditions, the results shown for the 7 layers arrays of product in the boxes which the air velocity was 62% lower than the 3 layers arrays and 50.9 % lower than the 5 layers arrays of product. These results were proportional to the bulk area for the air flow.
AN EXPLICIT CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR PLANE AND AXISYMMETRIC STEADY FLOWS WITH VISCOELASTIC EFFECTS
Authors: Thompson R. L. , Souza Mendes P. R. 
Published: September 2018

Non-Newtonian materials respond differently when submitted to shear or extension. A constitutive equation in which the stress is a function of both the rate of deformation and on the type of the flow is proposed and analyzed theoretically. It combines information obtained in shear, extension and rigid body motion in all regions of complex flow. The analysis has shown how to insert some elastic effects in a constitutive equation that depends only on the present time and position. One advantage of the model is that all the steady rheological functions in simple shear flow and in extensional flow are predicted exactly. Another important property that is included is the split of the extensional viscosity in two parts: one dissipative part that is related to the shear viscosity and an elastic part that is related to the first and second normal stress coefficients in shear. A discussion involving the dimensionless numbers that relate elastic and viscosity effects is also given.
FLOW STRUCTURE IN THE HORIZONTAL SLUG FLOW
Authors: Rosa E. S. 
Published: September 2018

Successions of long gas bubbles and liquid slugs form the so-called slug flow pattern in a gas-liquid flow. A unit cell encompassing one gas bubble and one liquid slug characterizes this alternating gas-liquid flow. The kinematic and dynamic flow mechanisms responsible for the interactions between the successive unit cells are still an open question. Inside this context, this work addresses specifically to the bubble velocity, the bubble to bubble interactions and the entrance mechanisms. Within an experimental framework the spatial evolution of each unit cell structure is individualized during the acquisition period. The experimental apparatus consisted of a 23.4 m long transparent Plexiglas pipe, 26mm ID, which means a total relative length of 900 free diameters. The air and water were mixed at the inlet of the test section and discharged into a collecting tank open to the atmosphere. The instantaneous measurements of the flow structure were made with double-wire conductive probes. The probes were installed in four measuring stations; each station had two probes slightly apart. The measuring stations were located at 127D, 273D, 506D e 777D from the mixer. The experimental database is further processed to give rise to histograms and correlations among flow variables