bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel solution for an efficient tele‐collaborating in surgical medical education: Three‐dimensional tele‐immersion systems
Authors: Gahatraj S. , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P.W.C. , Haddad Sami , Alrubaie Ahmad , Pham Linh , Deva Anand , Hsu Jeremy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional tele‐immersion systems for tele‐collaboration in surgical medical education (SME) have not been implemented due to issues of variable bandwidth availability and delay requirements for high real‐time video quality. The proposed solution in this paper aims to implement a three‐dimensional tele‐immersion system for tele‐collaboration in SME with improved video quality, minimized end‐to‐end delay, and an adaptation ratio, to increase tele‐collaboration experience. The proposed system is based on an algorithm that enhances compression, creates bandwidth adaptivity, and leads to low latency (ECBAaLL), to make efficient use of limited network bandwidth and reduce end‐to‐end delay, by introducing a raptor code and an enhanced algorithm based on segmentation. The results achieved in terms of video quality, end‐to‐end delay, and adaptation ratio of the video streams reflect that the proposed new algorithm improves the quality per stream of the real‐time videos by 8% and reduces the end‐to‐end delay of the video packets by 6%‐7% and that, with the new algorithm, the adaptation ratio of the bandwidth‐adapted videos is increased by 4%‐5%. This work focuses on reducing transmission delays and implementing an improved compression algorithm with reduced end‐to‐end delay and high video adaptation. Hence, the outcome is the quality of video streams for available bandwidth budget with minimal end‐to‐end and processing time delays on a real‐time tele‐collaboration environment in SME.
Antioxidant activity of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) extract on lipid and protein oxidation in cooked mixed pork patties during refrigerated storage
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Xu Yu , Xue Hai , Jiang Guo‐Chuan , Liu Xue‐Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo prevent oxidation and maintain the quality of meat products, it is essential to add antioxidants. The aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) extract (VTE) and evaluate the effects of VTE on the quality characteristics and lipid and protein oxidation of cooked mixed pork patties during refrigerated storage. VTE had a significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, and its IC50 was 15.35 µg/ml. VTE‐treated mixed pork patties had a better texture than that of the control group (p < 0.05). VTE could significantly inhibit an increase in the TBARS value and the formation of carbonyl compounds (p < 0.05), and the inhibition was stronger than that of the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) group (p < 0.05), while the amount of sulfhydryl groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The color of VTE itself made the mixed pork patties darker (p < 0.05), but this did not affect the sensory scores and overall acceptability of the VTE‐treated patties, indicating the VTE can be incorporated into mixed pork patties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the VTE inhibited the oxidation of the cooked mixed pork patties during refrigerated storage. These findings may be significant to helping extend the shelf life of meat products.
Nutritional compositions of Indian Moringa oleifera seed and antioxidant activity of its polypeptides
Authors: Liang Lili , Wang Cong , Li Shaoguang , Chu Xuemei , Sun Kunlai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo study the nutritional composition of Indian Moringa oleifera seed and the antioxidant activity of M. oleifera seed polypeptide, Indian M. oleifera seed was used as raw material for composition analysis and content determination. After extraction of the seed protein, enzymatic hydrolysis with flavourzyme, dispase, papain, pepsin, and alcalase was conducted for different time, and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions was determined with DPPH scavenging capacity as an indicator. The seed polypeptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis were ultrafiltered, and the active peptide fragments were tracked with DPPH, HO (•OH), ABTS and superoxide anion (O2•−) free radical scavenging ability and lipid oxidation inhibition rate as indicators. The results showed that the protein content in Indian M. oleifera seed was high to 40.34%, containing seven essential amino acids. The content of macroelements such as potassium, sodium, and magnesium is high, with the potassium content as high as 2,357.71 mg/kg, among the microelements, the iron content as high as 36.2 mg/kg. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis with flavourzyme (50°C, pH 6.7) for 300 min, and DPPH scavenging capacity was 84.76%. Activity tracing found that the polypeptide fragment with molecular weight <3.5 kDa had the strongest antioxidant capacity, and the EC50 values of DPPH, •OH, ABTS, and O2•− free radical scavenging rates were 4.0, 4.2, 5.3, and 4.3 mg/ml, respectively. The above results show that Indian M. oleifera seed not only has high nutritional value, but its protease enzymatic hydrolyzate also has significant antioxidant activity, which can be further developed into nutrition products, healthcare products, functional foods, beauty and skin care products, liver protection drugs, etc.
Clinicopathological predictors of occult lateral neck lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhan Shaohua , Luo Dan , Ge Wei , Zhang Bin , Wang Tianxiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis meta‐analysis aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors that could predict the risk of occult lateral neck lymph node metastasis (OLLNM) in N0/N1a papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).MethodsA literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, OvidSP, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was performed using relevant keywords. Specific odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsThe final analysis included 15 studies with a total of 5342 patients. OLLNM was found to be significantly associated with some clinicopathological features, including age <45 years, male sex, extrathyroidal extension, tumor location in the upper pole, tumor size >10 mm, positive central lymph node metastasis, number of central lymph node metastasis ≥3, and vascular invasion.ConclusionsFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology or FNA‐Tg test might be an appropriate and reasonable intervention in the patients with N0/N1a PTC with an increased risk of OLLNM.
Serum Liver‐Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Is a Possible Prognostic Factor in Human Chronic Liver Diseases From Chronic Hepatitis to Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Eguchi Akiko , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Iwasa Motoh , Tamai Yasuyuki , Ohata Keiichi , Oikawa Tsuyoshi , Sugaya Takeshi , Takei Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2019

Liver‐type fatty acid–binding protein (L‐FABP) is a key regulator of fatty acid metabolism, but serum L‐FABP levels are not well investigated in chronic liver diseases. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic ability of serum L‐FABP in human chronic liver diseases and compare it with the albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score. In 242 chronic liver disease patients, including chronic hepatitis (CH, n = 100), liver cirrhosis (LC, n = 142), and presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 144), serum L‐FABP levels were correlated with liver function (P < 0.0001), increased in LC compared with CH (P < 0.01), and correlated to ALBI score (P < 0.0001). Serum L‐FABP levels were increased in the presence of HCC (P < 0.0001), correlating to des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (P < 0.0001), alpha‐fetoprotein (P = 0.009), and Barcelona‐Clinic Liver Cancer stage. In the average follow‐up period of 1,054 days, serum L‐FABP levels were elevated (P < 0.0001) in patients who eventually died. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum L‐FABP (0.764) was higher than that of ALB (0.709), and the patients with serum L‐FABP ≤ 6.8 ng/mL had significantly longer rates of survival (P < 0.0001). Serum L‐FABP (hazard ratio [HR] 4.0; P < 0.001), HCC (HR 3.7; P = 0.001), ALBI score (HR 2.7; P < 0.001), and age (HR 1.0; P = 0.049) were independent predictors of survival. In the subgroup who maintained liver function, the AUC of serum L‐FABP (0.751) was higher than that of ALB (0.643). In this subgroup, serum L‐FABP (HR 4.4; P = 0.002) and HCC (HR 13.9; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of survival. Conclusion: Serum L‐FABP is a possible predictor of survival in chronic liver diseases from CH to LC and HCC, including any subgroup that maintains liver function.
Characterization of spatial patterns of dental restorative nanocomposites
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Stach Sebastian , Lainović Tijana , Blažić Larisa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide important insights into the effects of four different dental polishing protocols (one single‐step and one multi‐step either followed or not by diamond paste polishing) on the 3D surface morphology of two representative dental resin‐based nanocomposites (a nanofilled and a nanohybrid composite) by means of digital image analysis and processing techniques. The 3D surface morphology was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Segmentation, statistics of height distributions (described by statistical parameters, according to ISO 25178‐2: 2012) and Minkowski functionals were applied to the images to characterize the spatial patterns of analyzed samples at micrometer scale. The nanofilled composite had significantly lower values of height parameters in comparison with nanohybrid one. Multi‐step polishing protocol generated a statistically significant smoother finish for both tested materials, than one‐step polishing protocol, even when it was followed by diamond paste polishing. Diamond paste polishing generated a statistically significant smoother surface of tested samples. This suite of surface analysis tools is important in the research and manufacture of these dental resin‐based nanocomposites, where material surfaces have a key role in the functionality of objects.
Beyond bouncy gaits: The role of multiscale compliance in skeletal muscle performance
Authors: Holt Natalie C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMcNeill Alexander demonstrated that compliant tendons could improve locomotor performance by decoupling muscle length changes from joint movements and mechanical energy fluctuations. This was revolutionary for our understanding of animal locomotion, but also highlighted the limitations of our understanding of the contractile performance of muscle under the dynamic conditions relevant to movement. This review addresses the potential for biological compliance to not only alter the demands on muscle but also fundamentally change contractile performance. Compliance exists across all spatial scales within the muscle. Molecule scale compliance is observed in the thin filament and the cytoskeletal protein titin likely acts as an activation‐dependent variable‐stiffness spring. Larger scale connective tissue compliance is found not only in tendons but also the more structurally complex extracellular matrix and aponeuroses. The interaction of the compliance in these structures with the contractile elements of muscle, and the variation in this interaction across physiological conditions, appears to explain muscle phenomena central to locomotion but not readily explained by the crossbridge and sliding filament theories, such as history dependence, the energetics of cyclical contractions, the nonlinear effect of activation level on muscle performance and the effect of age on muscle and locomotor capacity.
Three‐photon‐resonance‐enhanced third‐harmonic generation for label‐free deep‐brain imaging: In search of a chemical contrast
Authors: Lanin Aleksandr A. , Chebotarev Artem S. , Pochechuev Matvey S. , Kelmanson Ilya V. , Fedotov Andrei B. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Zheltikov Aleksei M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWithin the past decade, nonlinear Raman microscopy has earned a well‐deserved status of a gold‐standard technology for chemically selective imaging. Even though second‐ and third‐harmonic microscopy is much less demanding on a laser source and multifrequency beam arrangement, it is increasingly falling behind nonlinear Raman scattering as a method of bioimaging because it offers no mechanism whereby imaging could be made chemically specific. Here, we show, however, that such a mechanism does exist, helping harmonic‐generation microscopy overcome its no‐chemical‐specificity handicap. We demonstrate that, with the laser wavelength tuned to a three‐photon resonance with the Soret band of hemoglobin, third‐harmonic generation provides a chemically specific method for a high‐contrast imaging of red blood cells in a broad class of biological systems, including live brain. Moreover, third‐harmonic generation imaging can be conveniently combined with second‐harmonic microscopy on a compact laser platform, providing, as our experiments on rat brain show, a powerful resource for three‐dimensional, cell‐specific label‐free deep‐brain imaging.
Rapid electrophoretic monitoring of the anaesthetic ketamine and its metabolite norketamine in rat blood using a contactless conductivity detector to study the pharmacokinetics
Authors: Tůma Petr , Sommerová Blanka , Vaculín Šimon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA method of capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection has been developed for non‐enantioselective monitoring the anaesthetic ketamine and its main metabolite norketamine. The separation is performed in a 15 μm capillary with an overall length of 31.5 cm and length to detector of 18 cm; inner surface of the capillary is covered with a commercial coating solution to reduce the electroosmotic flow. In an optimised background electrolyte with composition 2 M acetic acid + 1% v/v coating solution under application of a high voltage of 30 kV, the migration time is 97.1 s for ketamine and 95.8 s for norketamine, with an electrophoretic resolution of 1.2. The attained detection limit was 83 ng/mL (0.3 μmol/L) for ketamine and 75 ng/mL (0.3 μmol/L) for norketamine; the number of theoretic plates for separation of an equimolar model mixture with a concentration of 2 μg/mL was 683 500 plates/m for ketamine and 695 400 plates/m for norketamine. Laboratory preparation of rat blood plasma is based on mixing 10 μL of plasma with 30 μL of acidified acetonitrile, followed by centrifugation. A pharmacokinetic study demonstrated an exponential decrease in the plasma concentration of ketamine after intravenous application and much slower kinetics for intraperitoneal application.
Automatic Tracking of Muscle Cross‐Sectional Area Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Ultrasound
Authors: Chen Xin , Xie Chenxi , Chen Zhewei , Li Qiaoliang 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop an automatic tracking method for the muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) on ultrasound (US) images using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The performance of the proposed method was evaluated and compared with that of the state‐of‐the art muscle segmentation method.MethodsA real‐time US image sequence was obtained from the rectus femoris muscle during voluntary contraction. A CNN was built to segment the rectus femoris muscle and calculate the CSA in each US frame. This network consisted of 2 stages: feature extraction and score map reconstruction. The training of the network was divided into 3 steps with output score map resolutions of one‐fourth, one‐half, and all of the original image. We evaluated the segmentation performance of our method with 5‐fold cross‐validation. The mean precision, recall, and dice similarity score were calculated.ResultsThe mean precision, recall, and Dice's coefficient (DSC) ± SD were 0.936 ± 0.029, 0.882 ± 0.045, and 0.907 ± 0.023, respectively. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art muscle segmentation method (constrained mutual‐information–based free‐form deformation), the proposed method using CNN showed high performance.ConclusionsThe automated method proposed in this study provides an accurate and efficient approach to the estimation of the muscle CSA during muscle contraction.
Polymeric Lids for Microcontainers for Oral Protein Delivery
Authors: Mazzoni Chiara , Jacobsen Rasmus Due , Mortensen Jacob , Jørgensen Jacob Rune , Vaut Lukas , Jacobsen Jette , Gundlach Carsten , Müllertz Anette , Nielsen Line Hagner , Boisen Anja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOral delivery of proteins and peptides is one of the main challenges in pharmaceutical drug development. Microdevices have the possibility to protect the therapeutics until release is desired, avoiding losses by degradation. One type of microdevice is polymeric microcontainers. In this study, lysozyme is chosen as model protein and loaded into microcontainers with the permeation enhancer sodium decanoate (C10). The loaded microcontainers are sealed and functionalized by applying polymeric lids onto the cavity of the devices. The first lid is poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) and on top of this either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or chitosan is applied (PLGA+PEG or PLGA+chitosan, respectively). The functionalization is evaluated in vitro for morphology, drug release, and mucoadhesive properties. These are coupled with in vitro and ex vivo studies using Caco‐2 cells, Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX‐E12 co‐cultures, and porcine intestinal tissue. PLGA+chitosan shows slower release compared to PLGA+PEG or only PLGA in buffer and the transport of lysozyme across cell cultures is not enhanced compared to the bulk powder. Microcontainers coated with chitosan or PEG demonstrate a three times stronger adhesion during ex vivo mucoadhesion studies compared to samples without coatings. Altogether, functionalized microcontainers with mucoadhesive properties and tunable release for oral protein delivery are developed and characterized.
Association of statin use with Parkinson's disease: Dose–response relationship
Authors: Jeong Su‐Min , Jang Wooyoung , Shin Dong Wook 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere have been conflicting results on the association between statin use and Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence.ObjectivesThis study investigated the association between time‐varying status of statin use and incidence of PD while considering the dose–response relationship and total cholesterol level.MethodsUsing the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2002 to 2015, we examined 76,043 subjects (≥60 years old) free of PD, dementia, and stroke at baseline. The dose of statin use was classified into the following four 6‐month categories (<180, 180‐365, 365‐540, and ≥540 days) for each 2‐year interval. The incidence of PD was identified by the prescription records for any anti‐PD medication with a diagnosis of PD.ResultsDuring 10 years of follow‐up, 1,427 PD cases occurred. Statin “ever use” was significantly associated with a high risk of PD incidence (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.12‐1.46) when compared with statin nonuse. In terms of a dose–response relationship, although a duration of statin use <365 days was associated with a higher risk of PD, the duration of statin use ≥365 days was not significantly associated with an increased risk of PD.ConclusionsStatin use was associated with an elevated PD risk of PD, but long‐term and adherent statin use was not significantly associated with elevated PD risk. However, there was no evidence of benefit with any statin treatment related to PD risk. Our study suggests that there is a complex relationship among cholesterol level, statin use, and PD risk that warrants further studies. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Comparison of the Effects of High‐Fat Diet on Energy Flux in Mice Using Two Multiplexed Metabolic Phenotyping Systems
Authors: Soto Jamie E. , Burnett Colin M. L. , Ten Eyck Patrick , Abel E. Dale , Grobe Justin L. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveMultiplexed metabolic phenotyping systems are available from multiple commercial vendors, and each system includes unique design features. Although expert opinion supports strengths and weaknesses of each design, empirical data from carefully controlled studies to test the biological impact of design differences are lacking.MethodsWild‐type C57BL/6J mice of both sexes underwent phenotyping in OxyMax (Columbus Instruments International) and Promethion (Sable Systems International) systems located within the same room of a newly constructed animal research facility in a crossover design study. Phenotypes were examined under chow (2920×)‐fed conditions and again after 4 weeks of 60% high‐fat diet (D12492) feeding.ResultsFood intake, physical activity, and respiratory gas exchange data significantly diverged between systems, depending upon sex of animals and diet supplied. Estimates of energy expenditure based on gas exchange in both systems accounted for a fraction of consumed calories that was greater in males than females.ConclusionsDesign differences quantitatively impact the assessment of metabolic end points and thus the qualitative interpretation of various interventions. Importantly, current multiplexed systems remain blind to multiple additional end points, including digestive efficiency and selected forms of energy flux (nitrogenous, anaerobic, etc.), that account for a physiologically and/or pathophysiologically significant fraction of total energy flux.
Characterization of dual‐junction III‐V on Si tandem solar cells with 23.7% efficiency under low concentration
Authors: Veinberg‐Vidal Elias , Vauche Laura , Medjoubi Karim , Weick Clément , Besançon Claire , Garcia‐Linares Pablo , Datas Alejandro , Kaminski‐Cachopo Anne , Voarino Philippe , Mur Pierre , Decobert Jean , Dupré Cécilia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMonolithic two‐terminal III‐V on Si dual‐junction solar cells, designed for low concentration applications, were fabricated by means of surface‐activated direct wafer bonding. The III‐V top cell is a heterojunction formed by an n‐Ga0.5In0.5P emitter and a p‐Al0.2Ga0.8As base. An efficiency of 21.1 ± 1.5% at one sun and 23.7 ± 1.7% at 10 suns is demonstrated, which to our knowledge is the best dual‐junction two‐terminal III‐V on Si tandem cell efficiency reported to date under verified reference conditions. The I‐V characterization of these 1‐cm2 tandem cells under concentration required the development of a new method using a single‐source multiflash solar simulator and not perfectly matched component cells, also known as pseudo‐isotypes, formed by Si single‐junction cells and optical filters. In addition, the spectrum of the pulsed solar simulator was measured using a high‐speed CMOS spectrometer, allowing the calculation of the spectral mismatch correction factor. Merging these two techniques results in the hybrid corrected pseudo‐isotype (HCPI) characterization method, which shows a fast and accurate performance with a simplified procedure based on a single‐source solar simulator. Pseudo‐isotypes are easily adaptable to new cell designs by simply using a different filter, hence allowing the characterization of new multijunction solar cell architectures.