bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of CuxS particles on the thermal decomposition of anion exchangers
Authors: Kociołek-Balawejder Elżbieta , Mucha Igor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the versality, surface imperfections and diverse redox chemistry of CuxS, hybrid ion exchangers (HIXs) containing these particles are an interesting object of research, including thermal transformation. The composite materials used for testing were strongly basic anion exchangers, with macroreticular (M) and gel-type structure (G), containing in the poly (styrene/divinylbenzene) skeleton fine particles of covellite/brochantite (M1), covellite (M2), covellite/digenite/djurleite (G1) and covellite/digenite (G2). The prepared HIXs contained 12–16 mass% S + Cu. They were subjected to thermal analysis under air and N2 to identify the role of the inorganic phase in decomposition of the polymeric phase. The results were discussed on the basis of the TG/DTG curves and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the solid residues (CuO after combustion, carbon/Cu2S after pyrolysis). It was found that CuxS in the resin phase exhibited oxidative activity promoting the combustion process. The polymeric skeleton of HIXs decomposed in air at a much lower temperature compared to pure resins (400 vs 600 °C). The TG/DTG curves had a model shape, three separate conversions occurring in a narrow temperature range, which indicated sequential decomposition. The low consumption of hydrogen for the reduction of CuxS to Cu2S during pyrolysis was not conducive to condensation of alkyl radicals and increase of the mass of carbon matter. The results advance the understanding of the effect of copper/sulfur-containing fine particles on the thermal decomposition of anion exchanger and can be useful in preparation of multifunctional carbon-containing composite materials.
Easter eggs: Signaling quality via intrinsic motivation
Authors: Fuchs Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEaster eggs are initially hidden elements of a consumer experience that have little direct commercial benefit for the brand. While Easter eggs may have been present in video games and software since the 1970s, they are now found in more and more consumer products such as cars, fashion, and fast food. This work explores the possible motivations for brands to include Easter eggs in their experiences by testing their effects on consumers during the post-purchase experience. It is found that Easter eggs serve as a new type of quality signal and positively affect perceived quality. The positive effect of Easter eggs on perceived product quality appears to be mediated by increased perceived intrinsic motivation of the brand’s employees. One study on Amazon.com reviews data on video games, and three online experiments on fashion, candy, and cars lend support to these hypotheses.
Unveiling Lodderomyces elongisporus as an Emerging Yeast Pathogen: A Holistic Approach to Microbiological Diagnostic Strategies
Authors: Muangkaew Watcharamat , Thanomsridetchai Natthapaninee , Tangwattanachuleeporn Marut , Ampawong Sumate , Sukphopetch Passanesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLodderomyces elongisporus, first isolated in 1952, has increasingly been recognized as a significant pathogen, with a notable rise in human infections since the 1970s. Initially misidentified as Candida parapsilosis due to morphological similarities, L. elongisporus has now been conclusively established as a distinct species, largely due to advancements in molecular biology, particularly DNA sequencing. This review traces the detection history of L. elongisporus, from the earliest documented cases to the most recent reports, underscoring its role as a causative agent in human infections. It also explores therapeutic strategies that have demonstrated efficacy, alongside instances of environmental contamination reported in international literature. A critical evaluation of diagnostic methodologies essential for precise identification is provided, including culture-based techniques such as colony morphology on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and chromogenic media, coupled with microscopic assessments using Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) and Gram staining. The ultrastructure of L. elongisporus, as observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), is also discussed. Furthermore, non-culture-based diagnostics, such as sugar utilization tests (API 20C AUX and the innovative in-house arabinose-based “Loddy” test) and antifungal susceptibility profiling, are reviewed, with a particular focus on molecular tools like ITS-DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS, which, despite their higher costs, offer unparalleled specificity. The accurate distinction and characterization of L. elongisporus are paramount, particularly in vulnerable and immunocompromised patients, where misdiagnosis can lead to severe consequences. This review advocates for intensified research efforts to develop more accessible diagnostic tools and deepen our understanding of this emerging pathogen, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes.
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors treated with stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Kim Inhwa , Yan Michael , Sourour Michel , Heaton Robert , Faulkner Colin , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Keilty Dana M. , Cusimano Michael D. , Payne David , Laperriere Normand , Shultz David B. , Alli Saira B. , Zadeh Gelareh , Tsang Derek S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs) are benign tumors that may recur after surgical resection or persist following medical management. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes and toxicities of patients with pitNETs treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) at a single institution.

Methods
We completed a retrospective, single-institution study of patients with pitNETs treated with frame-based, single-fraction, cobalt-60 SRS between September 2005 and June 2023. The primary endpoint was local tumor control. Secondary endpoints included endocrine control (for functional tumors), overall survival, and toxicities.

Results
A total of 88 lesions in 83 patients were treated with SRS. Most lesions (70%) were non-functional tumors. Of the 26 functioning tumors, 6 patients achieved endocrine remission with SRS alone (23%), and the remainder achieved remission with combined medical management. With a median patient follow-up of 4.7 years, no local tumor recurrences were observed with an estimated local control probability of 100%. Two- and five-year overall survival estimates were 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 89–99) and 95% (95% CI 84–98), respectively. Causes of death were unrelated to PitNET or SRS. Twelve patients (14%) developed hypopituitarism after SRS. Despite the 34 lesions that were ≤ 3 mm from optic structures, no patients developed any optic neuropathy or visual decline post SRS.

Conclusions
SRS is a highly effective modality for recurrent or residual pitNETs. This study observed a local control of 100% with no cases of optic toxicities after a median follow-up of 4.7 years. These observed findings suggest that dose de-escalation may be possible for future treatment of pitNETs.
Unlocking nature’s drought resilience: a focus on the parsimonious root phenotype and specialised root metabolism in wild Medicago populations
Authors: Calleja-Satrustegui Aitziber , Echeverría Andrés , Ariz Idoia , Peralta de Andrés Javier , González Esther M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Crop wild relatives, exposed to strong natural selection, exhibit effective tolerance traits against stresses. While an aggressive root proliferation phenotype has long been considered advantageous for a range of stresses, it appears to be counterproductive under drought due to its high metabolic cost. Recently, a parsimonious root phenotype, metabolically more efficient, has been suggested to be better adapted to semiarid environments, although it is not clear that this phenotype is a trait exhibited by crop wild relatives.

Methods
Firstly, we analysed the root phenotype and carbon metabolism in four Medicago crop wild relatives adapted to a semiarid environment and compared them with the cultivated M. truncatula Jemalong (A17). Secondly, we exposed the cultivated (probably the least adapted genotype to aridity) and the wild (the most common one in arid zones) M. truncatula genotypes to water deficit. The carbon metabolism response in different parts of their roots was analysed.

Results
A reduced carbon investment per unit of root length was a common trait in the four wild genotypes, indicative of an evolution towards a parsimonious root phenotype. During the water deficit experiment, the wild M. truncatula showed higher tolerance to drought, along with a superior ability of its taproot to partition sucrose and enhanced capacity of its fibrous roots to maintain sugar homeostasis.

Conclusion
A parsimonious root phenotype and the spatial specialization of root carbon metabolism represent two important drought tolerance traits. This work provides relevant findings to understand the response of Medicago species roots to water deficit.
Emphasizing the Communal Demands of a Leader Role Makes Job Interviews Less Stressful for Women But Not More Successful
Authors: Nater Christa , Eagly Alice H. , Heilman Madeline E. , Messerli-Bürgy Nadine , Sczesny Sabine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cultural construal of leadership as masculine impedes women’s attainment of leader roles. This research examined whether adding feminine demands to a leader role relieved the greater stress experienced by women than men in a job interview for a leadership position and considered the processes that mediated women’s less favourable interview outcomes. In a hiring simulation, management students (N = 209; 112 women, 97 men) interviewed for a leader role framed by either stereotypically feminine or masculine role requirements. As shown by the stress biomarker salivary cortisol, the feminine role framing alleviated women’s, but not men’s, physiological stress response during the interview. However, under both masculine and feminine role framing, women, compared with men, reported lesser fit, expected poorer interview performance, appraised greater threat relative to challenge, and evaluated their performance less favourably, as did external raters. An additional vignette study (N = 305; 189 women, 111 men, 5 diverse) found that the feminine role framing increased the leader role’s communal demands but still conveyed strong agentic demands not different from those of the masculine role. In conclusion, although a feminine role framing alleviated women’s physiological stress response, it did not change their less favourable outcomes, as indicated by participants’ self-reports and others’ reports.
‘Mind’ and ‘mental’: extended, pluralistic, eliminated
Authors: Gough Joe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe terms ‘mind’ and ‘mental’ are used to refer to different phenomena across and within at least philosophy, psychology, psychiatry, and cognitive science. My main aim in this paper is to argue that the terms ‘mind’ and ‘mental’ are in this way ‘pluralistic’, and to explore the different options for responding to this situation. I advocate for a form of pluralistic eliminativism about the terms ‘mind’ and ‘mental’, ‘mind concept eliminativism,’ because I believe that current use of the terms results in both public and scientific confusions that hamper progress on important issues and increase stigma around certain vulnerable groups.
Strengthening research-extension-farmer-input linkage system for sustainable smallholder livestock farming in Africa: progress and prospects
Authors: Mapiye Obvious , Dzama Kennedy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe drive to hasten the development of smallholder livestock farming through research-extension-farmer-input linkage systems (REFILS) is being promoted in African countries. Resource-constrained smallholders face various challenges including poor access to timely and relevant research-based innovations. Weak research-extension-farmer-input linkages exacerbate this issue. This review explores the evolution of Knowledge Transfer and Agricultural Extension Theories, emphasising the shift from centralised top-down dissemination to participatory and user-driven models. The paper characterises “research”, “extension”, “farmer”, and “input” as the main pillars of agricultural knowledge systems and how their lack of interconnectedness impacts their effectiveness. Examining the dynamics of these pillars provides a comprehensive rationale for strengthening REFILS. Also, REFILS adoption disparities such as limited funding and investment, institutional and organisational inefficiencies, and social and cultural factors were discussed. The identified key challenges form an intricate web of interconnected issues which should not be addressed in isolation but collectively. The proposed measures for REFILS enhancement include building strong public-private partnerships, full participation and collaboration by all key actors including farmers, digitalisation of smallholder agriculture, and policy and institutional reorganisation towards a stronger REFILS. Moreover, the study acts as a foundational guide for strengthening REFILS at national, regional, and continental levels to foster economic, environmental, and social sustainability in Africa’s livestock industry.
Response accuracy of GPT-4 across languages: insights from an expert-level diagnostic radiology examination in Japan
Authors: Harigai Ayaka , Toyama Yoshitaka , Nagano Mitsutoshi , Abe Mirei , Kawabata Masahiro , Li Li , Yamamura Jin , Takase Kei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of language selection and translation quality on Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4)'s response accuracy to expert-level diagnostic radiology questions.

Materials and methods
We analyzed 146 diagnostic radiology questions from the Japan Radiology Board Examination (2020–2022), with consensus answers provided by two board-certified radiologists. The questions, originally in Japanese, were translated into English by GPT-4 and DeepL and into German and Chinese by GPT-4. Responses were generated by GPT-4 five times per question set per language. Response accuracy was compared between languages using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction or the Mann–Whitney U test. Scores on selected English questions translated by a professional service and GPT-4 were also compared. The impact of translation quality on GPT-4’s performance was assessed by linear regression analysis.

Results
The median scores (interquartile range) for the 146 questions were 70 (68–72) (Japanese), 89 (84.5–95.5) (GPT-4 English), 64 (55.5–67) (Chinese), and 56 (46.5–67.5) (German). Significant differences were found between Japanese and English (p = 0.002) and between Japanese and German (p = 0.022). The counts of correct responses across five attempts for each question were significantly associated with the quality of translation into English (GPT-4, DeepL) and German (GPT-4). In a subset of 31 questions where English translations yielded fewer correct responses than Japanese originals, professionally translated questions yielded better scores than those translated by GPT-4 (13 versus 8 points, p = 0.0079).

Conclusion
GPT-4 exhibits higher accuracy when responding to English-translated questions compared to original Japanese questions, a trend not observed with German or Chinese translations. Accuracy improves with higher-quality English translations, underscoring the importance of high-quality translations in improving GPT-4’s response accuracy to diagnostic radiology questions in non-English languages and aiding non-native English speakers in obtaining accurate answers from large language models.
Sulfide Route to Chromium–Nickel–Molybdenum Ferroalloys for Stainless Steel Production
Authors: Stinn Caspar , Allanore Antoine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNew methods of materials separation and metal production utilizing sulfide chemistries may support a paradigm shift in sustainable metallurgy. We leverage sulfidation with elemental sulfur, aluminothermic reduction, and slag refining to obtain a chromium–nickel–molybdenum ferroalloy and stainless steel using a sulfide-based route without direct greenhouse gas emissions. The absence of carbothermic reduction from the mineral, concentrate, and matte feedstocks tried herein indicates that argon-oxygen-decarburization may no longer be necessary to refine stainless steel products.
Die Bedeutung neurobiologischer Befunde und vertiefender Psychopathologie für die Forensische Psychiatrie
Authors: Cording Clemens 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungAnhand einer Literaturübersicht sowie auf der Grundlage eigener Erfahrungen und Überlegungen wird die Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Erkenntnisquellen für forensisch-psychiatrische Begutachtungen kritisch diskutiert. Neurobiologische Befunde sind dafür weder notwendig noch hinreichend. Goldstandard ist eine im Hinblick auf die jeweilige Gutachtensfrage vertiefende psychopathologische Analyse, die je nach Bedarf und Möglichkeit durch neuropsychologische und neurobiologische Befunde sinnvoll ergänzt werden kann, deren Interpretation und Integration methodenkritische Kompetenz erfordert. Eine dementsprechend ausgerichtete forensisch-psychiatrische Weiterbildung und Qualitätssicherung ist erforderlich, um die Reliabilität und Validität der Gutachten zu verbessern.
Die Forensisch-Therapeutische Ambulanz für Gewalt- und Sexualstraftäter in Berlin: Übersicht über 20 Jahre Behandlung und Forschung
Authors: Voß Tatjana , Hausam Joscha , Sauter Julia 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungForensische Nachsorge im Rahmen von Weisungen zur Führungsaufsicht ist in der Bundesrepublik inzwischen in allen Bundesländern realisiert, allerdings mit deutlichen Unterschieden in deren länderspezifischer Ausgestaltung. Die Berliner Forensisch Therapeutische Ambulanz (FTA) der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin ist dabei eine derjenigen Ambulanzen, die seit 2005 sowohl ehemalige Straffällige aus dem Straf- als auch aus dem Maßregelvollzug psychiatrisch und psychotherapeutisch behandelt. Die Ergebnisse aus in der Behandlung von z. B. Menschen mit Störungen der Intelligenzentwicklung, von ehemals Sicherungsverwahrten und auch die Behandlungsergebnisse im Rahmen von antiandrogener Behandlung von Sexualstraftätern sind dabei ermutigend. Erste Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der Rückfälligkeit von in der FTA behandelten Straffälligen belegen geringe Rückfallraten.
Phenomenology of Mystical Psychedelic Experiences: The Case of Existential Anxiety
Authors: Kuravsky Erik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The essay offers an interpretation of psychedelic peak experiences. It criticizes the quasi-scientific naturalistic attempts to explain such experiences and offers an alternative ontology underlying a more complex sense of naturalism, thus defending an entheogenic view irreducible to mere psychological effects. First, the mainstream ontology in the paradigm of natural sciences is exposed as being a version of the ontology of presence. This fact is shown as the reason for the phenomenological gap and the impotence of the natural sciences to address human experience. Next, existential anxiety is interpreted in terms of Heidegger’s ontology and is suggested as the core dimension of possible spiritual transformation. Finally, the phenomenology of mystical psychedelic experiences (MPE) is interpreted in terms of overcoming existential anxiety– a well-documented effect of MPE – and explicated in ontological terms. The psychedelic experience is shown to be mystical in a sense of transcending the everyday mode of existential denial of the enigmatic nature of the universe by facing the nothingness in a way that transforms one’s stand within it into a stand of original belongingness to the field of emptiness (Nishitani). Different aspects of psychedelic experience are explained and co-related in terms of such a transformation.
Mathematical Modelling and Chemical Analysis to Characterise Anthocyanin Self-association Interactions Influencing Colour Expression and Stability in Young Red Wines
Authors: Tindal Rachael A. , Jeffery David W. , Muhlack Richard A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds that provide colour to young red wines following extraction from grape skins, and their reaction kinetics are not well understood as they exist within a complex pH-dependent multistate system. For commercial wineries to best control anthocyanin colour expression that is a major determinant for red wine quality, there is a critical need for behaviours of all pH-dependent monomeric and self-associated anthocyanins to be considered together. In response, the current study employed mathematical and experimental techniques to reveal kinetic and steady-state behaviours of all species of a model anthocyanin, malvidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (M3G), within three Shiraz red wines throughout fermentation. Investigator-developed models represented the following: (i) acid–base reactions that form red, purple, and blue anthocyanin monomers; (ii) hydration reactions that result in monomeric colour loss; and (iii.) physical self-association interactions that temporally stabilise anthocyanin colour. Simulations were validated experimentally using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) and colourimetric analysis of wine samples. Moreover, a unique predictive modelling framework was developed that takes in measured values for anthocyanin concentration, pH, and temperature at the onset of fermentation, and output data describing corresponding wine colour expression and stability characteristics that would arise after fermentation has progressed. Results of the current study elucidate complex reaction kinetics occurring between anthocyanin species under dynamic red wine conditions and provide meaningful predictions for future wine colour and shelf-life characteristics. Outputs may be used to inform key winemaking decisions influencing red wine quality and to optimise the use of winery resources throughout the fermentation process.
Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Cohort of Autosomal Recessive Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Sayed-Ahmed Mohammed M. , El-Bassyouni Hala T. , Afifi Hanan H. , Essawi Mona L. , Taher Mohamed B. , Gadelhak Mohamed I. , Zaytoun Rehab A. , Abdelmonem Ahmed A. , Elbagoury Nagham M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHearing loss (HL) is one of the most common health problems worldwide. Autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (ARNSHL) represents a large portion of congenital hereditary HL. Our study was conducted on 13 patients from 13 unrelated families. The majority of patients presented with congenital severe to profound bilateral sensorineural HL. All patients were subjected to detailed family history and three-generation pedigree analysis to exclude any environmental cause and to ensure an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Molecular analysis was performed using the whole exome sequencing (WES) technique for the recruited patients. Three variants in the MYO7A and OTOF genes were reported for the first time in patients with ARNSHL (one nonsense, one frameshift, and one splice variant). Ten previously reported variants were detected in seven genes (GJB2, MYO15A, BSND, OTOF, CDH23, SLC26A4, and TMIE). They varied between missense, nonsense, frameshift, and splice variants. This study expands the molecular spectrum of two types of autosomal recessive deafness (types 2 and 9).