bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-Orbital Angular Momentum (Q-OAM) Generated by Quasi-Circular Array Antenna (QCA)
Authors: Fouda Reham M. , Baum Thomas C. , Ghorbani Kamran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrbital Angular Momentum (OAM), as a property of Electromagnetic (EM) fields has recently been proposed for Radio and Microwave communications. This paper investigates a new class of OAM radiation patterns for Radio and Microwave applications, namely, Quasi-OAM radiation patterns, induced by a proposed Quasi-Circular Array Antenna (QCA). Simulations and Experiments show that Quasi-OAM waves can be induced and preserved in the far-field using the proposed QCA apertures and configurations, demonstrating non-integer dominant OAM modes corresponding to l = +1 and l = −1 with a directional quasi intensity and rotational 2π phase profiles. The proposed method in this work significantly reduces aperture size and cost by using Quasi-Circular Arrays of N
Q
= 5 and N
Q
= 6 elements in lieu of conventional OAM circular aperture arrays with N = 8 elements.
Furan-Site Bromination and Transformations of Fraxinellone as Insecticidal Agents Against Mythimna separata Walker
Authors: Dong Qing-Miao , Dong Shuai , Shen Cheng , Cao Qing-Hao , Song Ming-Yu , He Qiu-Rui , Wang Xiao-Ling , Yang Xiao-Jun , Tang Jiang-Jiang , Gao Jin-Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFuran ring of limoninoids is critical in exhibiting insecticidal activity. Herein, fraxinellone (1) was used as a template of furan-containing natural products and a series of its derivatives was synthesized by selective bromination in good yields on gram-scale and following Suzuki-Miyaura or Sonogashira coupling reactions in moderate to good yields. Bromination of limonin (9) was also accomplished without altering other functional groups in high yield. Furthermore, an evaluation of insecticidal activity against the instar larvae of Mythimna separata showed that derivatives 2, 3b, 3g, 5a, 5d and 5h displayed more potent insecticidal activity than 1 and toosendanin.
Increase lipid tear thickness after botulinum neurotoxin A injection in patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm
Authors: Ho Ren-Wen , Fang Po-Chiung , Chao Tsai-Ling , Chien Chun-Chih , Kuo Ming-Tse 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in the tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) and aqueous tear production after botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT) injection in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). Eleven and six patients with BEB and HFS, respectively, who received BoNT injection were consecutively enrolled in this prospective study. The blepharospasm disability index (BSDI), blink pattern, dry eye symptoms, Schirmer test 1 findings, LLT, eyelid performance, and corneal integrity were evaluated before and after treatment. Both BEB and HSF patients experienced remarkable relief from spasms and ocular discomfort after BoNT injection. LLT, the partial blink rate, the snap-back time, the lid distraction distance, and lateral canthal laxity were significantly increased at 1 month after treatment. There were no significant changes in Schirmer test 1 findings and meibomian gland dropout. Our findings suggest that LLT, a decisive factor for tear film stability, significantly increases at 1 month after BoNT injection for BEB and HFS. A decrease in BSDI and an increase in the snap-back time may contribute to the increase in LLT; this mechanism is probably responsible for the relief from dryness after BoNT injection in patients with facial movement disorders.
Predator experience changes spider mites’ habitat choice even without current threat
Authors: Murase Aoi , Fujita Kazuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs recent studies have revealed, previous exposure to a predator can change prey behavior even in the absence of current threat. We hypothesized that experiencing a predator increases prey avoidance of lower-quality resources even in the absence of a predator, which in turn influences the prey’s spatial distribution. We examined these hypotheses using the herbivorous spider mite Tetranychus kanzawai and the specialist predatory mite Neoseiulus womersleyi. We used Phaseolus vulgaris as a high-quality host plant and Hydrangea macrophylla as a low-quality host plant. First we examined whether T. kanzawai females that were previously exposed to predators preferred P. vulgaris to H. macrophylla under no current threat more than those without predator experience. Second, we tested the effect of predator experience on dispersal by T. kanzawai females on P. vulgaris or on H. macrophylla. Our results show that: (1) predator-experienced T. kanzawai females expressed stronger avoidance of the low-quality plant H. macrophylla than those without predator experiences; and (2) T. kanzawai females transferred to H. macrophylla traveled farther than those on P. vulgaris, especially females with previous predator experience. These findings reveal neglected aspects of the evolutionary interaction between predators and the habitat choices of their prey.
Common genetic variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) locus is associated with autoimmune Addison’s disease in Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Daniel , Bianchi Matteo , Landegren Nils , Dalin Frida , Skov Jakob , Hultin-Rosenberg Lina , Mathioudaki Argyri , Nordin Jessika , Hallgren Åsa , Andersson Göran , Tandre Karolina , Rantapää Dahlqvist Solbritt , Söderkvist Peter , Rönnblom Lars , Hulting Anna-Lena , Wahlberg Jeanette , Dahlqvist Per , Ekwall Olov , Meadows Jennifer R. S. , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Bensing Sophie , Rosengren Pielberg Gerli , Kämpe Olle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAutoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is the predominating cause of primary adrenal failure. Despite its high heritability, the rarity of disease has long made candidate-gene studies the only feasible methodology for genetic studies. Here we conducted a comprehensive reinvestigation of suggested AAD risk loci and more than 1800 candidate genes with associated regulatory elements in 479 patients with AAD and 2394 controls. Our analysis enabled us to replicate many risk variants, but several other previously suggested risk variants failed confirmation. By exploring the full set of 1800 candidate genes, we further identified common variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) as a novel risk locus associated to sporadic AAD in our study. Our findings not only confirm that multiple loci are associated with disease risk, but also show to what extent the multiple risk loci jointly associate to AAD. In total, risk loci discovered to date only explain about 7% of variance in liability to AAD in our study population.
Mapping of Adenovirus of serotype 3 fibre interaction to desmoglein 2 revealed a novel ‘non-classical’ mechanism of viral receptor engagement
Authors: Vassal-Stermann Emilie , Mottet Manon , Ducournau Corinne , Iseni Frédéric , Vragniau Charles , Wang Hongjie , Zubieta Chloe , Lieber André , Fender Pascal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh-affinity binding of the trimeric fibre protein to a cell surface primary receptor is a common feature shared by all adenovirus serotypes. Recently, a long elusive species B adenovirus receptor has been identified. Desmoglein 2 (DSG2) a component of desmosomal junction, has been reported to interact at high affinity with Human adenoviruses HAd3, HAd7, HAd11 and HAd14. Little is known with respect to the molecular interactions of adenovirus fibre with the DSG2 ectodomain. By using different DSG2 ectodomain constructs and biochemical and biophysical experiments, we report that the third extracellular cadherin domain (EC3) of DSG2 is critical for HAd3 fibre binding. Unexpectedly, stoichiometry studies using multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and analytical ultra-centrifugation (AUC) revealed a non-classical 1:1 interaction (one DSG2 per trimeric fibre), thus differentiating ‘DSG2-interacting’ adenoviruses from other protein receptor interacting adenoviruses in their infection strategy.
Fermi‐level depinning in germanium Schottky junction using nitrogen plasma treatment
Authors: Janardhanam V. , Yun H.‐J. , Jyothi I. , Lee H.‐K. , Lee S.‐N. , Won J. , Choi C.‐J. 
Published: May 2018

Fermi‐level depinning in germanium (Ge) through nitrogen (N2) plasma treatment is demonstrated. The Ge surface was exposed to N2 plasma for 1 min without heat treatment, resulting in the formation of 2.5 nm‐thick GeOxNy layer with uniform surface and interface morphologies. Ohmic and Schottky behaviours were obtained for Al contacts to N2 plasma‐treated n‐ and p‐type Ge with barrier heights of 0.09 and 0.40 eV, respectively. Fermi‐level depinning could be attributed to the reduction in interface states caused by the passivation of Ge surface by highly uniform GeOxNy layer.
Comparison of Current Swiss Fetal Biometry Reference Charts with Reference Charts from 1999. Are Fetuses Getting Bigger?
Authors: Knitza Johannes , Kurmanavicius Juozas , Faschingbauer Florian , Wisser Josef 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose To create current fetal biometry reference ranges and to compare them with references published in 1999, from the same local area in order to generate data for secular trend in fetal size.
Materials and Methods Applying the same methodology as previously published, we calculated reference ranges for biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) in 7863 patients examined at the obstetric clinics in a cross-sectional, prospective study in a university setting from January 2008 to December 2014. In order to compare the new reference ranges with our previously published data, we used Z-Scores and displayed the pick-up of fetal biometry data below the 5th and above the 95th percentile using the previously published reference charts.
Results The comparison of the charts showed a minimal but clinically relevant increase in mean fetal body measures (BPD, HC, AC). Applying the 1999 charts to the new dataset, we would classify only 162 of 339 fetuses (47.8 %) to be correctly below the 5th percentile for AC and only 134 of 349 (38.4 %) fetuses were correctly below the 5th percentile for HC. On the other hand, the 1999 charts classified 426 instead of 332 fetuses to be above the 95th percentile for AC, which means an overestimation of 28.3 %.
Conclusion Applying a similar methodology, study collective and clinical setting, our new charts showed clinically relevant differences compared to the 1999 charts. The data suggest that within one generation fetuses are getting bigger and regular updates of fetal reference charts are needed.
MAPLE 2.3.0: an improved system for evaluating the functionomes of genomes and metagenomes
Authors: Arai Wataru , Taniguchi Takeaki , Goto Susumu , Moriya Yuki , Uehara Hideya , Takemoto Kazuhiro , Ogata Hiroyuki , Takami Hideto 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
MAPLE is an automated system for inferring the potential comprehensive functions harbored by genomes and metagenomes. To reduce runtime in MAPLE analyzing the massive amino acid datasets of over 1 million sequences, we improved it by adapting the KEGG automatic annotation server to use GHOSTX and verified no substantial difference in the MAPLE results between the original and new implementations.
The entrance of statistics and mathematical models
Authors: Harper Sarah 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
By the 19th century the study of demography had developed from John Graunt’s primitive life table to the complex statistical laws and theories of Benjamin Gompertz and William Makeham. ‘The entrance of statistics and mathematical models’ describes the Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality, the first parametric model of human mortality that is still valid today, and the formation of the International Union for the Scientific Investigation of Population Problems in 1927. It also outlines the contributions of William Farr, Francis Galton, Karl Pearson, Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, Leonard Henry Tippett, Ansley Johnson Coale, William Brass, and John ‘Jack’ Caldwell to the development of demography and demographic methods and analysis from the 19th century to the 21st century.
The trouble with terrorism
Authors: Townshend Charles 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The point of terrorism is to upset and make people feel vulnerable. ‘The trouble with terrorism’ attempts to define terrorism by examining the relationship between terror and war. Should all acts of terrorism be regarded as illegal? What factors decide whether an act of violence by non-state actors is justifiable despite being illegal? There are three elements in the terror process: seizing attention (shock, horror, fear, or revulsion), getting the terrorist message across, and fight or flight (the response to terrorism). The different strategies of terror, the shapes and forms of different terrorist organizations and their arms, as well as the role of women in terrorism are also considered.
A strengths-based data capture model: mining data-driven and person-centered health assets
Authors: Gao Grace , Kerr Madeleine J , Lindquist Ruth A , Chi Chih-Lin , Mathiason Michelle A , Austin Robin R , Monsen Karen A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
With health care policy directives advancing value-based care, risk assessments and management have permeated health care discourse. The conventional problem-based infrastructure defines what data are employed to build this discourse and how it unfolds. Such a health care model tends to bias data for risk assessment and risk management toward problems and does not capture data about health assets or strengths. The purpose of this article is to explore and illustrate the incorporation of a strengths-based data capture model into risk assessment and management by harnessing data-driven and person-centered health assets using the Omaha System. This strengths-based data capture model encourages and enables use of whole-person data including strengths at the individual level and, in aggregate, at the population level. When aggregated, such data may be used for the development of strengths-based population health metrics that will promote evaluation of data-driven and person-centered care, outcomes, and value.
Spatially resolved metal gas clouds
Authors: Péroux C , Rahmani H , Arrigoni Battaia F , Augustin R 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
We now have mounting evidences that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies is polluted with metals processed through stars. The fate of these metals is however still an open question and several findings indicate that they remain poorly mixed. A powerful tool to study the low-density gas of the CGM is offered by absorption lines in quasar spectra, although the information retrieved is limited to 1D along the sightline. We report the serendipitous discovery of two close-by bright zgal = 1.148 extended galaxies with a fortuitous intervening zabs = 1.067 foreground absorber. MUSE IFU observations spatially probes kpc-scales in absorption in the plane of the sky over a total area spanning ∼30 kpc−2. We identify two [O ii] emitters at zabs down to 21 kpc with SFR ∼ 2 M⊙ yr−1. We measure small fractional variations (&lt;30 per cent) in the equivalent widths of Fe ii and Mg ii cold gas absorbers on coherence scales of 8 kpc but stronger variation on larger scales (25 kpc). We compute the corresponding cloud gas mass &lt;2 × 109 M⊙. Our results indicate a good efficiency of the metal mixing on kpc-scales in the CGM of a typical z ∼ 1 galaxy. This study show-cases new prospects for mapping the distribution and sizes of metal clouds observed in absorption against extended background sources with 3D spectroscopy.
Collision strengths for FIR and UV transitions in P iii and the phosphorus abundance
Authors: Naghma Rahla , Nahar Sultana N , Pradhan Anil K 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Phosphorus abundance is crucial for DNA-based extraterrestrial life in exoplanets. Atomic data for observed spectral lines of P-ions are needed for its accurate determination. We present the first calculations for collision strengths for the forbidden [P iii] fine structure transition $\mathrm{ 3s^23p (^2P^o_{1/2{\text{--}}3/2})}$ within the ground state at 17.9 $\mu$m , as well as allowed UV transitions in the $\mathrm{ 3s^23p (^2P^o_{1/2,3/2}) \rightarrow 3s3p^2 (^2D_{3/2,5/2}, ^2S_{1/2}, ^2P_{1/2,3/2})}$ multiplets between 915 and 1345 Å. Collision strengths are computed using the Breit–Pauli R-Matrix method including the first 18 levels, and they exhibit extensive auto-ionizing resonance structures. In particular, the Maxwellian averaged effective collision strength for the FIR 17.9 $\mu$m  transition shows a factor 3 temperature variation broadly peaking at typical nebular temperatures. Its theoretical emissivity with solar phosphorus abundance is computed relative to H β and found to be similar to observed intensities from planetary nebulae; the abundances derived in earlier works are 3–5 times sub-solar. The results pertain to the reported paucity of phosphorus from preferred production sites in supernovae, and abundances in planetary nebulae and supernova remnants.
Automated Telephone Follow-up for Smoking Cessation in Smokers With Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Reid Robert D , Aitken Debbie A , Mullen Kerri-Anne , McDonnell Lisa , Armstrong Ashley , LeBlanc Allana G , Slovinec-D’Angelo Monika , Pipe Andrew L 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Smokers with coronary heart disease (CHD) benefit from in-hospital cessation treatment, but relapse is common without ongoing support postdischarge. The purpose of this study was to determine if smoking abstinence would be higher after hospital discharge in smokers who received automated telephone follow-up (ATF) and nurse-counseling, compared with a standard care (SC) control group.

Methods
A total of 440 smokers hospitalized with CHD were randomly assigned to the ATF group (n = 216) or to the SC group (n = 224). Participants in the ATF group received automated phone calls 3, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after hospital discharge. The ATF system posed questions concerning smoking status, confidence in staying smoke-free, and need for assistance. If flagged by the ATF system, a nurse-counselor provided additional counseling by phone. Self-reported continuous smoking abstinence was assessed 26 and 52 weeks postdischarge using intention-to-treat analysis. The main outcome measure was continuous abstinence for weeks 1–26 postdischarge.

Results
Participants in the ATF group achieved higher abstinence rates for weeks 1–26 than those in the SC group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 2.33). There was no significant difference between groups in abstinence rates for weeks 27–52 (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.89 to 2.09).

Conclusions
ATF-mediated follow-up helped smokers with CHD achieve abstinence during the intervention period. There was a trend toward clinically important improvements for weeks 27–52; but between-group differences for this time point did not achieve statistical significance.

Clinical Trial Number
NCT00449852.

Implications
Automated telephone follow-up exerts its effect by reinforcing participants’ efforts to be smoke-free and by proactively linking people requiring assistance to individualized support (eg, telephone counseling). This study shows that automated telephone follow-up can assist smokers with CHD in remaining smoke-free; however, the success of automated telephone follow-up is limited to the treatment period and abstinence rates after the treatment period were not statistically different from among those receiving standard care. Extended treatment via automated telephone follow-up may provide a solution to extend cessation assistance beyond hospital discharge.
Distal Measurements Can Produce False Negative Results: A Prospective Secondary Analysis of a Natural History Study
Authors: Klemperer Elias M , Hughes John R , Naud Shelly 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Most prospective studies of quit attempts (QAs) or abstinence measure the ability of variables to predict quitting many weeks or months later. This design ignores more proximal fluctuations in the predictor that may be more relevant. The present secondary analysis compares 6-week (distal) and daily (proximal) changes in cigarettes per day (CPD) as predictors of making a QA.

Methods
Daily smokers reported CPD and QAs nightly throughout a 12-week natural history study. We provided no treatment. In the distal analysis, we tested whether reduction in CPD between baseline and 6 weeks predicted making a QA during the following 6 weeks. In the proximal analysis, we identified episodes of one or more days of ≥10% reduction in CPD and tested whether reduction predicted making a QA on the day immediately after the reduction episode. We tested the following predictors: (1) reduction in CPD of ≥10% (yes/no), (2) percent reduction, (3) absolute magnitude of reduction, and (4) CPD at the end of reduction.

Results
In the distal analysis, reduction did not predict making a QA. In the proximal analysis, any reduction (OR = 3.0), greater percent reduction (OR = 1.6), greater absolute reduction (OR = 1.3), and fewer CPD on the final day of an episode (OR = 11.8) predicted making a QA the next day (all p &lt; .001).

Discussion
Relying on distal measurements to identify causes of a behavior may produce false-negative results. Increased use of technological advances will make assessments of the more valid proximal measurements more feasible.

Implications
This secondary analysis tested distal and proximal predictors of making a quit attempt among the same participants and found that distal tests did not, but proximal tests did predict quit attempts. Relying on distal measurements may result in false negatives.
Evaluating Antimicrobial Use and Spectrum of Activity in Ontario Hospitals: Feasibility of a Multicentered Point Prevalence Study
Authors: Leung Valerie , Li Michael , Wu Julie Hui-Chih , Langford Bradley , Zvonar Rosemary , Powis Jeff , Longpre Julie , Béïque Lizanne , Gill Suzanne , Ho Grace , Garber Gary 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial stewardship, a key component of an overall strategy to address antimicrobial resistance, has been recognized as a global priority. The ability to track and benchmark antimicrobial use (AMU) is critical to advancing stewardship from an organizational and provincial perspective. As there are few comprehensive systems in Canada that allow for benchmarking, Public Health Ontario conducted a pilot in 2016/2017 to assess the feasibility of using a point prevalence methodology as the basis of a province-wide AMU surveillance program.

Methods
Three acute care hospitals of differing sizes in Ontario, Canada, participated. Adults admitted to inpatient acute care beds on the survey date were eligible for inclusion; a sample size of 170 per hospital was targeted, and data were collected for the 24-hour period before and including the survey date. Debrief sessions at each site were used to gather feedback about the process. Prevalence of AMU and the Antimicrobial Spectrum Index (ASI) was reported for each hospital and by indication per patient case.

Results
Participants identified required improvements for scalability including streamlining ethics, data sharing processes, and enhancing the ability to compare with peer organizations at a provincial level. Of 457 patients, 172 (38%) were receiving at least 1 antimicrobial agent. Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors were the most common (18%). The overall mean ASI per patient was 6.59; most cases were for treatment of infection (84%).

Conclusions
This pilot identified factors and features required for a scalable provincial AMU surveillance program; future efforts should harmonize administrative processes and enable interfacility benchmarking.