bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting landscape-scale summer resource selection for the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) in Iowa
Authors: Kaminski Dan J , Poole Kelly E , Clark Kathryne B , Harms Tyler M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) is currently listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act largely due to population declines resulting from the spread of white-nose syndrome in North America. White-nose syndrome was confirmed in Iowa in 2015, emphasizing a need to closely monitor populations of M. septentrionalis statewide. We applied presence-only models to predict landscape-scale resource selection by M. septentrionalis using roost tree observations and mist net captures from various research and environmental assessment projects in Iowa (2003–2015). We used a simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) model to account for residual spatial autocorrelation in our compiled data set and estimate the proportional probability of use of summer habitats for M. septentrionalis. We estimated SAR models using four environmental predictor variables measured at two landscape scales (0.5- and 2.4-km) representative of M. septentrionalis home range sizes in North America. The SAR models resulted in high predictive fit with withheld test observations and an independent data set of acoustic detections of M. septentrionalis from recent surveys (2016–2018), indicating a significant positive relationship existed between habitat quality (as an index of selection) and distribution of M. septentrionalis at landscape scales. At both spatial scales, M. septentrionalis showed positive selection of closed canopy interior forest, bottomland hardwood forest, and total perennial stream length, whereas at the 0.5-km scale, M. septentrionalis also showed a positive association with open canopy forest. Our models indicated that up to 7.0% and 8.5% of the state was comprised of potentially suitable forested summer habitats for M. septentrionalis for 0.5- and 2.4-km scales, respectively. Our models also indicated the distribution of highly selected habitats at landscape scales in Iowa and accurately predicted independent observations of M. septentrionalis in areas of the state where no capture efforts have occurred. This study provides methods to predict landscape-scale resource selection and distribution for bats where multiple fine-scale data sources exist across broad geographic regions.
Multilocus phylogenetic analysis helps to untangle the taxonomic puzzle of chubs (genus Squalius: Cypriniformes: Actinopteri) in the Adriatic basin of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Buj Ivana , Marčić Zoran , Čavlović Kristina , Ćaleta Marko , Tutman Pero , Zanella Davor , Duplić Aljoša , Raguž Lucija , Ivić Lucija , Horvatić Sven , Mustafić Perica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFish of the genus Squalius inhabit various freshwater habitats across Europe and Asia, with a particularly high diversity in the Mediterranean area, but the taxonomic status of many populations is still a matter of debate. This study aims to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties of chubs distributed in the Adriatic basin of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome b and two nuclear genes, the recombination activating gene 1 and the rhodopsin gene, reveal high diversity of chubs in the investigated area. Two evolutionary independent groups are revealed: the first comprising the species Squalius illyricus, S. microlepis, S. svallize, S. tenellus and S. zrmanjae, and a second group corresponding with S. squalus. Genetic distinctiveness of species belonging to different groups is high due to their divergence that began in the Middle Miocene. In addition to allopatric speciation as the main force of divergence of Adriatic Squalius species, several instances of natural hybridizations were detected, contributing to the observed diversity. A comparison of phylogenetic scenarios using Bayesian factors corroborated the molecular basis for recognition of six Squalius species in the Adriatic basin, while Squalius janae is confirmed to be a junior synonym of S. squalus.
Heterogenous Renal Injury Biomarker Production Reveals Human Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Subtypes
Authors: Jou-Valencia Daniela , Koeze Jacqueline , Popa Eliane R. , Aslan Adnan , Zwiers Peter J. , Molema Grietje , Zijlstra Jan G. , van Meurs Matijs , Moser Jill 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
To identify mechanisms associated with sepsis-acute kidney injury based on the expression levels of renal injury biomarkers, neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1 in renal biopsies which may allow the identification of sepsis-acute kidney injury patient subtypes.

Design:
Prospective, clinical laboratory study using “warm” human postmortem sepsis-acute kidney injury kidney biopsies.

Setting:
Research laboratory at university teaching hospital.

Subjects:
Adult patients who died of sepsis in the ICU and control patients undergoing tumor nephrectomy.

Measurements and Main Results:
Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were used to quantify messenger RNA and protein expression levels of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 in the kidney of sepsis-acute kidney injury patients and control subjects. Morphometric analysis was used to quantify renal and glomerular neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 protein levels. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 messenger RNA and protein levels were increased in kidneys of sepsis-acute kidney injury patients compared with control kidney tissue. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin was localized in the distal tubules, collecting ducts, the adventitia of the renal arterioles, and in the glomerular tufts of renal biopsies from sepsis-acute kidney injury patients. In contrast, kidney injury molecule-1 was localized at the brush border of the proximal tubules. There was no correlation between neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 levels. Furthermore, renal neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 levels were not associated with the extent of renal injury, the severity of critical illness, or serum creatinine levels at either ICU admission or day of expiration. By laser microdissecting glomeruli, followed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we identified heterogenous glomerular neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin production in the kidney of sepsis-acute kidney injury patients.

Conclusion:
We found differences in the expression of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 in patients with the same syndrome “sepsis-acute kidney injury” meaning there is no single pathway leading to sepsis-acute kidney injury. This underscores the beliefs that there are many/different pathophysiological pathways that can cause sepsis-acute kidney injury. Hence, patients with criteria that meet the definitions of both acute kidney injury and sepsis can be divided into subtypes based on pathophysiological features.
Vasopressin Versus Norepinephrine for the Management of Septic Shock in Cancer Patients: The VANCS II Randomized Clinical Trial*
Authors: Hajjar Ludhmila Abrahão , Zambolim Cristiane , Belletti Alessandro , de Almeida Juliano Pinheiro , Gordon Anthony C. , Oliveira Gisele , Park Clarice Hyesuk Lee , Fukushima Julia Tizue , Rizk Stephanie Itala , Szeles Tais Felix , dos Santos Neto Nestor Cordeiro , Filho Roberto Kalil , Galas Filomena Regina Barbosa Gomes , Landoni Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Previous trials suggest that vasopressin may improve outcomes in patients with vasodilatory shock. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether vasopressin could be superior to norepinephrine to improve outcomes in cancer patients with septic shock.

Design:
Single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Setting:
ICU of a tertiary care hospital.

Patients:
Two-hundred fifty patients 18 years old or older with cancer and septic shock.

Interventions:
Patients were assigned to either vasopressin or norepinephrine as first-line vasopressor therapy. An updated meta-analysis was also conducted including randomized trials published until October 2018.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 28 days after randomization. Prespecified secondary outcomes included 90-days all-cause mortality rate; number of days alive and free of advanced organ support at day 28; and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score 24 hours and 96 hours after randomization. We also measure the prevalence of adverse effects in 28 days. A total of 250 patients were randomized. The primary outcome was observed in 71 patients (56.8%) in the vasopressin group and 66 patients (52.8%) in the norepinephrine group (p = 0.52). There were no significant differences in 90-day mortality (90 patients [72.0%] and 94 patients [75.2%], respectively; p = 0.56), number of days alive and free of advanced organ support, adverse events, or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.

Conclusions:
In cancer patients with septic shock, vasopressin as first-line vasopressor therapy was not superior to norepinephrine in reducing 28-day mortality rate.
Impact of periprocedural biomarker elevation on mortality in stable angina pectoris patients undergoing elective coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis including 24 666 patients
Authors: Soud Mohamad , Hideo-Kajita Alexandre , Ho Gavin , Yacob Omar , Alahdab Fares , King Fred , Waksman Ron , McFadden Eugène P. , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundUncertainty remains regarding the exact prognostic impact of biomarker elevation following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina pectoris and the subsequent risk of death. We sought, therefore, to evaluate the effect of periprocedural myocardial infarction on the subsequent mortality risk following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina pectoris and normal preprocedural cardiac biomarkers level.MethodsAfter a systematic literature search was done in PubMed and EMBASE, we performed a meta-analysis of studies with post-procedural cardiac biomarkers data. All-cause mortality and cardiac death were evaluated in subjects with stable angina pectoris who underwent an elective coronary intervention.ResultsFourteen studies with 24 666 patients were included. The mean age was 64.2 years ± 9.8 with about 3-quarters (74.9%) of these patients being men. The mean duration of follow-up was 18.1 months ± 14.3. Periprocedural myocardial infarction, based on study-specific biomarker criteria, occurred in 14.3% of the patients. Periprocedural myocardial infarction conferred a statistically significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–2.01;P< 0.0001; I2= 0%); where reported separately, cardiac death was also significantly increase (odds ratio, 2.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.60–4.80;P= 0.0003; I2= 0%).ConclusionThe occurrence of periprocedural myocardial infarction after an elective percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina pectoris is associated with a statistically significant increase in subsequent all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality.
Effects of Brief Mood-Improving Interventions on Immunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ayling Kieran , Sunger Kanchan , Vedhara Kavita 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
Positive mood has been associated with enhanced immune function. Interventions that improve mood could therefore provide a mechanism for optimizing immune-related health outcomes. Brief interventions that improve mood, also known as mood inductions, potentially offer a pragmatic approach to enhancing immune function for finite periods where this would be beneficial to health (e.g., in advance of vaccination or surgery). This review sought to systematically examine the evidence regarding the effects of brief, single-session positive mood interventions on immunity.

Methods
Systematic searches of electronic databases were performed from earliest records to July 25, 2018. We identified 42 interventions suitable for inclusion, 6 of which were tested in multiple subpopulations. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for pre-post experimental group immune outcomes measured in at least five intervention studies.

Results
Although interventions were heterogeneous, 81% resulted in a statistically significant change in at least one immune parameter after the positive mood intervention for one or more of the subpopulations examined. However, studies were, in general, of low-to-moderate quality with small sample sizes (median n = 32) and did not examine the persistence or clinical relevance of the immune changes observed. Random-effects meta-analyses showed a significant medium-sized effect of interventions on increasing secretory IgA concentration (g = 0.65), a small but statistically significant effect for increased Interleukin-6 production (g = 0.12), and nonsignificant effects on natural killer cell activity (g = 0.15).

Conclusions
The current literature suggests that improvements in mood resulting from brief interventions can influence some immune parameters in ways indicative of enhanced immune function. However, there is a need for higher-quality research in this area that focuses on clinically relevant immune outcomes and mechanisms.
PrEP Discontinuation and Prevention-Effective Adherence: Experiences of PrEP Users in Ugandan HIV Serodiscordant Couples
Authors: Gilbert Hannah N. , Wyatt Monique A. , Pisarski Emily E. , Muwonge Timothy R. , Heffron Renee , Katabira Elly T. , Celum Connie L. , Baeten Jared M. , Haberer Jessica E. , Ware Norma C. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Optimal adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention involves aligning consistent PrEP use with periods of risk to achieve prevention-effective adherence. Prevention-effective adherence is predicated on individuals discontinuing PrEP during periods without expected risk. For stable, serodiscordant couples, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence by the HIV-positive partner markedly decreases HIV transmission risk, potentially obviating the need for continued PrEP use; yet little is known about actual lived experiences of discontinuing PrEP.

Methods:
In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with HIV-uninfected PrEP users in serodiscordant couples taking part in the Partners Demonstration Project at IDI-Kasangati, Kampala, Uganda. Open-ended interviews elicited information on the partnered relationship; understandings of PrEP; prevention strategies; and experiences of PrEP discontinuation. An inductive, thematic, content-analytic approach was used to analyze study data.

Results:
Uninfected partners experienced PrEP as a valued resource for preventing HIV acquisition. Despite ongoing ART use by HIV-positive partners for a period of time consistent with viral suppression, discontinuation of PrEP was experienced as a loss of protection and a corresponding increase in risk of HIV acquisition. Uninfected partners responded with strategies aimed at offsetting this subjective sense of increased risk, specifically: (1) changing sexual practices; (2) prioritizing fidelity in the relationship; (3) increasing reliance on condoms; and (4) seeking evidence of partners' ART adherence.

Conclusions:
These experiences highlight the challenges PrEP users in serodiscordant couples face in discontinuing PrEP for prevention-effective adherence. Flexible interventions that support individuals during this transition may increase comfort with discontinuing PrEP when alternative prevention strategies provide protection, such as a partner's consistent adherence to ART.
Clinical Consequences of Using an Indeterminate Range for Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV: A Decision Model
Authors: Salvatore Phillip , Johnson Karl , Vojnov Lara , Doherty Meg , Dowdy David 
Published: October 2019

Background:
To minimize false-positive diagnoses of HIV in exposed infants, the World Health Organization recommends confirmatory testing for all infants initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). In settings where confirmatory testing is not feasible or intermittently performed, clinical decisions may be aided by semi-quantitative cycle thresholds (Cts) that identify positive results most likely to be false-positive.

Methods:
We developed a decision analysis model of HIV-exposed infants in sub-Saharan Africa to estimate the clinical consequences of deferring ART for infants with weakly positive (“indeterminate”) results. We assessed the degree to which “indeterminate” results may reduce the number of infants starting ART unnecessarily while missing a small number of HIV-infected infants. Our primary outcome was the ratio of averted unnecessary ART regimens to additional HIV-related deaths (due to false-negative diagnosis) at different Ct cutoffs.

Results:
The clinical consequences of adopting an indeterminate range varied with the prevalence of HIV and Ct cutoff. Considering a Ct cutoff ≥33, adopting an indeterminate range could prevent a median of 1.4 infants from receiving ART unnecessarily (95% UR: 1.0–2.0) for each additional HIV-related death. This ratio could be improved by prioritizing infants with indeterminate results for confirmatory testing [median 8.8 (95% UR: 6.0–13.3)] and by adopting a higher cutoff [median 82.3 (95% UR: 49.0–155.8) with Ct ≥36].

Conclusions:
When implemented in settings where confirmatory testing is not universal, the benefits of classifying weakly positive results as “indeterminate” may outweigh the risks. Accordingly, the World Health Organization has recommended Ct values ≥33 be considered indeterminate for infant HIV diagnosis.
Propranolol Accelerats Hemangioma Stem Cell Transformation Into Adipocyte
Authors: Li Hong-hong , Lou Yin , Zhang Rong-rong , Xie Juan , Cao Dong-sheng 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundInfantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common childhood benign vascular tumor. Recently, propranolol has been found to be an effective therapy for IH, but its mechanism of action is not yet understood. Hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) have a mesenchymal morphology, robust proliferation, and multilineage differentiation (into adipocytes). Therefore, we hypothesized that propranolol could accelerate the transdifferentiation of HemSCs and prevent the growth of proliferating IH. In this study, the fibrofatty tissue of IH that received therapy with propranolol appeared much earlier than without the treatment.MethodsWe isolated HemSCs with CD133-tagged immunomagnetic beads, and then we used flow cytometry technology to analyze the HemSC phenotypes and determine whether propranolol induced HemSC death. The proliferation and adipogenesis abilities of propranolol-treated HemSCs were analyzed by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide assay, Oil red O staining, and Western blotting.ResultsWe observed that the HemSC morphological traits gradually became spindle shaped, like fibroblasts, and the average extraction yield of HemSCs was about 0.25%. The HemSCs had high rates of expression for CD90 (98.8%) and CD105 (97.8%) but did not significantly express CD31 (0.7%). We also found a 100 μM concentration of propranolol cutoff point. Propranolol did not affect HemSC survival significantly at low concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 μM). However, propranolol resulted in a sharp and significant variation in cell morphology and survival rates at high concentrations (100, 200, and 400 μM). The results suggest that treatment with propranolol inhibited HemSC proliferation and induced cell death and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Oil droplets determined by Oil red O staining showed that propranolol increased the transdifferentiation rate of HemSCs into adipocytes. Furthermore, the expressions of phosphorylated AKT and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were increased with a 100 μM concentration of propranolol in HemSC culture.ConclusionsOur study found that propranolol inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis and necrosis, and promoted differentiation of HemSCs. Propranolol may upregulate PPARγ via PI3K pathways, thereby accelerating lipogenesis and enhancing IH HemSC adipogenesis.
Usefulness of Ramified Cephalic Vein Graft in the Wrist for Connection With Concomitant Vein in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Shin Jin Yong , Roh Si-Gyun , Chang Suk Choo , Lee Nae-Ho 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A vein graft in head and neck reconstruction is essential in some circumstances. The cephalic vein in the wrist has a suitable caliber for both a concomitant vein and the internal jugular vein (IJV). A vein graft involving the cephalic vein and its branches was used in 2 cases of head and neck reconstruction. The ramified distal vein was anatomized with a concomitant vein, and the proximal larger vein was anastomosed with the IJV using an end-to-side technique. After placement of vein grafts using the cephalic vein, the flaps were stable with no venous complications. To overcome the size difference between concomitant veins and the IJV, the authors recommend the cephalic vein including its distal branches in the wrist area.
Reconstruction of a Huge Residual Palatal Cleft
Authors: Sancak Kevser , Naifoğlu Eda , Yurttutan Mehmet Emre , Tuzuner Aysegul Mine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Closure of large oronasal fistula (ONF) in cleft patients is a challenge for patients and surgeons. The extent of functional impairment has psychologic, social, and developmental consequences. The ONF affects the feeding and speech of patients. Keys to repairing fistulas in this region are a 2-layer, tension-free closure, and an attentive suturing technique. In this article, the details and effectiveness of 2-flap palatoplasty are presented.
Relationship of Inflammation With Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Yao Yuzhi , Chang Bowen , Li Shiting 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common cranial nerve disease. Inflammation is suggested in many recent studies to be involved in neuropathic pain, but its role in TN remains unclear so far. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the relationship of inflammation with TN.

Methods:
The levels of inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NE), lymphocyte (LY), monocyte (MO), platelet (PLT), and albumin (ALB), as well as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) had been compared between TN patients and healthy controls using nonparametric tests. Moreover, multiple logistic regression models had been employed to assess the associations of inflammatory markers with TN. Besides, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the values of these inflammatory makers, as well as their matched combinations in diagnosing TN.

Results:
The levels of WBC, NE, MO, NLR, dNLR, and MLR in TN patients were evidently increased combined with those in normal subjects. In addition, multivariate logistic regression models illustrated that inflammation had close correlation with TN. Meanwhile, the area under the curve (AUC) values for NE, NLR, and dNLR, as well as those for the matched combinations of NLR+PLR, NLR+PNI, dNLR+NLR, and dNLR+PLR in TN were >0.7, which might have predictive value for TN compared with those for normal subjects.

Conclusions:
Findings of this study reveal that inflammation could have played a close and important role in the progression and etiology of TN.