bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cristae undergo continuous cycles of fusion and fission in a MICOS-dependent manner
Authors: Kondadi Arun Kumar , Anand Ruchika , Hänsch Sebastian , Urbach Jennifer , Zobel Thomas , Wolf Dane M. , Segawa Mayuko , Liesa Marc , Shirihai Orian S. , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie , Reichert Andreas S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mitochondrial inner membrane can reshape under different physiological conditions. How and at which frequency this occurs in vivo and what are the molecular players involved is unknown. Here we show using state-of-the-art live-cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution nanoscopy that crista junctions (CJs) are dynamically fusing and dividing in a reversible and balanced manner at a timescale of seconds. CJ dynamics is strongly reduced in the absence of the MICOS subunit MIC13. Staining of the cristae membrane using different protein markers or two inner mitochondrial membrane-specific dyes revealed that cristae also undergo continuous cycles of fusion and fission. These processes are dependent on MIC13 and occur at a timescale of seconds, resembling CJ dynamics. Our data further suggest that MIC60 acts as a docking platform pioneering CJ formation. Overall, by employing a variety of advanced imaging techniques including FRAP (Fluorescence-Recovery-After Photobleaching), SPT (Single-Particle-Tracking), live-cell STED and confocal Airyscan microscopy we demonstrate that cristae undergo continuous cycles of fusion and fission in a manner that is mechanistically linked to CJ formation and dynamics.
Two new polymorphic structures of alpha-synuclein solved by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Guerrero-Ferreira Ricardo , Taylor Nicholas M.I. , Arteni Ana-Andrea , Kumari Pratibha , Mona Daniel , Ringler Philippe , Britschgi Markus , Lauer Matthias E. , Makky Ali , Verasdock Joeri , Riek Roland , Melki Ronald , Meier Beat H. , Böckmann Anja , Bousset Luc , Stahlberg Henning 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntracellular inclusions rich in alpha-synuclein are a hallmark of several neuropathological diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). We here report two new polymorphic atomic structures of alpha-synuclein fibrils termed polymorphs 2a and 2b, at 3.0 Å and 3.4 Å resolution, respectively. These polymorphs show a radically different structure compared to previously reported polymorphs. The new structures have a 10 nm fibril diameter and are composed of two protofilaments which interact via intermolecular salt-bridges between amino acids K45, E57 (polymorph 2a) or E46 (polymorph 2b). The non-amyloid component (NAC) region of alpha-synuclein is fully buried by previously non-described interactions with the N-terminus. A hydrophobic cleft, the location of familial PD mutation sites, and the nature of the protofilament interface now invite to formulate hypotheses about fibril formation, growth and stability.Impact statementTwo new polymorphic structures of recombinant human alpha-synuclein fibrils show striking differences to previous structures, while familial PD mutation sites remain crucial for protofilament interaction and fibril stability.
Large particle fluorescence-activated cell sorting enables high quality single cell RNA-sequencing and functional analysis of adult cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kannan Suraj , Miyamoto Matthew , Lin Brian , Zhu Renjun , Murphy Sean , Kass David , Andersen Peter , Kwon Chulan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRationaleSingle cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool to profile the transcriptome at single cell resolution, enabling comprehensive analysis of cellular trajectories and heterogeneity during development and disease. However, the use of scRNA-seq remains limited in cardiac pathology owing to technical difficulties associated with the isolation of single adult cardiomyocytes (CMs).ObjectiveWe investigated the capability of large-particle fluorescence-activated cell sorting (LP-FACS) for isolation of viable single adult CMs.Methods and ResultsWe found that LP-FACS readily outperforms conventional FACS for isolation of struturally competent CMs, including large CMs. Additionally, LP-FACS enables isolation of fluorescent CMs from mosaic models. Importantly, the sorted CMs allow generation of high-quality scRNA-seq libraries. Unlike CMs isolated via previously utilized fluidic or manual methods, LP-FAC-isolated CMs generate libraries exhibiting normal levels of mitochondrial transcripts. Moreover, LP-FACS isolated CMs remain functionally competent and can be studied for contractile properties.ConclusionsOur study enables high quality dissection of adult CM biology at single-cell resolution.
Maternal experience-dependent cortical plasticity in mice is circuit- and stimulus-specific and requires MECP2
Authors: Lau Billy Y. B. , Krishnan Keerthi , Huang Z. Josh , Shea Stephen D. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene Mecp2. Misexpression of the protein MECP2 is thought to contribute to neuropathology by causing dysregulation of plasticity. Female heterozygous Mecp2 mutants (Mecp2het) failed to acquire a learned maternal retrieval behavior when exposed to pups, an effect linked to disruption of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV+) in the auditory cortex. However, the consequences of dysregulated PV+ networks during early maternal experience for auditory cortical sensory activity are unknown. Here we show that maternal experience in wild-type adult female mice (Mecp2wt) triggers suppression of PV+ auditory responses. We also observe concomitant disinhibition of auditory responses in deep-layer pyramidal neurons that is selective for behaviorally-relevant pup vocalizations. These neurons also exhibit sharpened tuning for pup vocalizations following maternal experience. All of these neuronal changes are abolished in Mecp2het, yet a genetic manipulation of GABAergic networks that restores accurate retrieval behavior in Mecp2het also restores maternal experience-dependent plasticity of PV+. Our data are consistent with a growing body of evidence that cortical networks are particularly vulnerable to mutations of Mecp2 in PV+ neurons.
Corrosion performance of mild steel and epoxy coated rebar in concrete under simulated harsh environment
Authors: Sohail Muazzam Ghous , Salih Mohammad , Al Nuaimi Nasser , Kahraman Ramazan 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of a two-year long study carried out in order to evaluate the corrosion performance of mild steel bare bars (BB) and epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) in concrete under a simulated harsh environment of chlorides.Design/methodology/approachThe blocks are subjected to Southern Exposure testing. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and Tafel plot are performed to measure the polarization resistance and corrosion current densities of these rebars. Knife-peel test was performed to assess the adhesion between epoxy and underlying steel after two years of exposure.FindingsMild steel BB showed a high corrosion current density of 1.24 µA/ cm2in Tafel plots and a very low polarization resistance of 4.5 kΩ cm2in LPR technique, whereas very high charge transfer resistance of 1672 and 1675 kΩ cm2is observed on ECR and ECR with controlled damage (ECRCD), through EIS technique, respectively. EIS is observed to be a suitable tool to detect the defects in epoxy coatings. After two years of immersion in 3.89 percent NaCl−solution, the mild steel BB were severely corroded and a considerable weight loss was observed, whereas under heavy chloride attack, ECR showed no deterioration of epoxy coating and neither any corrosion of underlying steel. Results of this study show that the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with respect to corrosion could be enhanced by using ECR, especially in harsh climatic conditions.Originality/valueThe corrosion performance of mild steel and ECR in concrete under a simulating splash zone environment is evaluated. EIS was used to evaluate the health of epoxy and corrosion state of underneath steel rebars. EIS was able to detect the defects in epoxy. The durability of RC structures could be enhanced in harsh climate regions by using ECR.
Cannabis festivals and their attendees in four European cities with different national cannabis policies
Authors: Skliamis Kostas , Korf Dirk J. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to: describe and contextualize the aims and distinctive and common characteristics of cannabis festivals in countries with different cannabis policies; assess characteristics of participants; identify reasons to attend cannabis festivals; explore to which extent cannabis festivals contribute to the social and cultural acceptance of cannabis, as perceived by attendees.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach incorporates three methods of data collection in the research design; quantitative research among 1,355 participants, participant observation and interviews with the organizers.

Findings
Cannabis festivals in Amsterdam, Berlin, Rome and Athens have common features but also maintain and reproduce local, social and cultural characteristics. Cannabis festivals, as well as their attendees, represent heterogeneous categories. The style of the festival – music festival or march combined with music – affects the main reason for attendance by the participants. In cannabis festivals more similar to music festivals the majority of the respondents attended for entertainment while at the cannabis festivals in the form of a march combined with music the majority attended for protest. Furthermore, increasing age, residency and the high frequency of cannabis use are factors that led the participants to attend for protest.

Originality/value
The research on cannabis festivals is limited. This paper not only explores the aims of cannabis festivals in four capital cities of Europe and the characteristics of their attendees including motivations, but also offers interesting insights for understanding the ways in which political and social constructions like cannabis festivals shape attitudes, perception and behaviors around cannabis use.
The participatory process of planning social and environmental responsibility at a Brazilian university
Authors: Frandoloso Marcos Antonio , Gasparetto Rebelatto Bianca 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Universities have an important role in articulation of the transformation of society, in the formation of individuals capable of acting in the processes that enable sustainable development goals (SDGs), in theoretical areas and in practical and concrete actions. Within the University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Brazil, some practices are being adopted from this perspective. This paper aims to present the efforts of UPF to achieve SDGs in its activities.

Design/methodology/approach
For the development of these research were consulted all administrative instruments of the Foundation University of Passo Fundo, from the proposals and guidelines of its creation in the decade of the 1960s to the most recent of the Institutional Development Plan PDI 2017-2021 and other bibliographic references. From the documentation, the effective results achieved by University Social Responsibility Policy (PRSU) and Institutional Environmental Policy were evaluated.

Findings
A process of consolidating the thematic of the SDGs within the university structure is perceived, with a participatory vision of the academic community.

Research limitations/implications
Although PRSU the policy has been developed since 2005, the effective results are recent and under construction.

Practical implications
The study identified a direction for a change of paradigms, moving from isolated and non-continuity actions to the establishment of normative guidelines.

Social implications
In this sense, this paper seeks to contribute to the process of discussion and generation of practices for the implementation of an agenda with its own goals in the areas of university’s action at local and regional levels, as well as contributing to a wide level.

Originality/value
The paper reports the process of development of the social and environmental policies at UPF to include SDGs in its academic and administrative procedures, which should encourage another similar university to follow suit.
Sustainable development of communities: ISO 37120 and UN goals
Authors: Moschen Suane A. , Macke Janaina , Bebber Suélen , Benetti Correa da Silva Marcelo 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The aims of this study is to put on the agenda discussions concerning the approach of sustainable goals and indicators, in terms of how they relate to each other and how to list their importance within a network of contemporary city management. From the millennium objectives experience, UN has launched the continuity of the development program, through the sustainable development goals (SDG), which have the purpose of giving support to local and regional governments for the 2030 agenda in local sphere. In the city context, sustainable development has also been approached in regulations, like ISO 37120: 2017 “Sustainable development of communities: Indicators for city services and quality of life”. These instruments have in common the concern of offering parameters of public services to citizens and promoting in a uniform manner both social and economic growth of the urban environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study aims to compare these two sustainable development tools by means of a documentary analysis and to analyze the feasibility of the proposed indicators and their qualitative evaluation goals to improve citizens’ quality of life.

Findings
The results suggest that the main urban challenges are related to unplanned urban growth and poor-quality public services, which generate a lack of commitment to enforce laws and to achieve sustainable development goals.

Originality/value
The study establishes bases for guiding the discussion to support managers and investors decisions to promote paradigm changes in the citizens’ life and in the way cities are planned.
Challenges and benefits of student sustainability research projects in view of education for sustainability
Authors: Ceulemans Griet , Severijns Nathal 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the educational benefits and challenges of introducing natural science students to on-campus and off-campus sustainability research projects as an approach to education for sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
The course “Science and Sustainability” at the University of Leuven is a stand-alone course that aims at providing master students in the natural sciences, education for (the benefit of) sustainability action. It was launched in 2016-2017 and has been running for two years now. The first year focused on getting students acquire a similar level of knowledge in sustainability, while, on a higher level, the experiential learning phase (project work) was supported with specific reflection assignments. In the second year, more specific attention was directed toward allowing students to get acquainted with systems thinking and deal with inter- and transdisciplinary issues by approaching problems from a multi-stakeholder view. Insight in the impact and the appreciation of the setup of the course was obtained from a series of questionnaires offered to all participating students at the beginning, about midway, and again at the end of the course.

Findings
Analysis of the students’ self-reported sustainability competence development shows a clear positive impact for almost all students who participated. A clear relation between the observed change and the students’ self-rating and attitude at the start, as well as with their discipline, is observed.

Originality/value
Information is gained on a number of factors of importance to impact the students’ attitude toward action for sustainability, and how this can be further improved.
Engineering education and the development of competencies for sustainability
Authors: Quelhas Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves , Lima Gilson Brito Alves , Ludolf Nicholas Van-Erven , Meiriño Marcelo Jasmim , Abreu Chrystyane , Anholon Rosley , Vieira Neto Julio , Rodrigues Leandro Silva Goulart 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with the skills for sustainable development in engineering courses. The main objective is to identify which competences should be developed in these courses to contribute to the resolution of conflicts related to sustainability, as well as the means used by universities for their development.Design/methodology/approachThe research is divided into two strands: a theoretical and an empirical one. Concerning the theoretical part, the webibliomining method was adopted, to select the articles that were relevant to the theme, and 22 works were selected. Regarding the empirical study, structured questionnaires were applied to 30 specialists in the field, aiming at validating the competencies found in the literature.FindingsIn the literature, eight main competencies required to the engineering professional, related to sustainability, were found. The empirical study showed that some competences are considered more relevant than others by the interviewees.Practical implicationsThe competencies verified in the present study and the relative relevance between them found in the empirical study can contribute to the engineering courses that wish to develop the sustainable behavior of the engineers in their professional or daily life.Originality/valueThe originality of the work consists in presenting to engineering students and teachers as well as professionals of the market and the government the competencies that can contribute to the formation of an engineer capable of bringing adequate solutions to the conflicts of sustainability in the twenty-first century. This paper also presents learning teaching methodologies indicated for this purpose. No other works were found with these results.
Dynamic obstacle-surmounting analysis of a bilateral-wheeled cable-climbing robot for cable-stayed bridges
Authors: Xu Fengyu , Jiang Quansheng 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Field robots can surmount or avoid some obstacles when operating on rough ground. However, cable-climbing robots can only surmount obstacles because their moving path is completely restricted along the cables. This paper aims to analyse the dynamic obstacle-surmounting models for the driving and driven wheels of the climbing mechanism, and design a mechanical structure for a bilateral-wheeled cable-climbing robot to improve the obstacle crossing capability.

Design/methodology/approach
A mechanical structure of the bilateral-wheeled cable-climbing robot is designed in this paper. Then, the kinematic and dynamic obstacle-surmounting of the driven and driving wheels are investigated through static-dynamic analysis and Lagrangian mechanical analysis, respectively. The climbing and obstacle-surmounting experiments are carried out to improve the obstacle crossing capability. The required motion curve, speed and driving moment of the robot during obstacle-surmounting are generated from the experiments results.

Findings
The presented method offers a solution for dynamic obstacle-surmounting analysis of a bilateral-wheeled cable-climbing robot. The simulation, laboratory testing and field experimental results prove that the climbing capability of the robot is near-constant on cables with diameters between 60 and 205 mm.

Originality/value
The dynamic analysis method presented in this paper is found to be applicable to rod structures with large obstacles and improved the stability of the robot at high altitude. Simulations and experiments are also conducted for performance evaluation.
STEM and gender at university: focusing on Irish undergraduate female students’ perceptions
Authors: Kelly Regina , McGarr Oliver , Lehane Louise , Erduran Sibel 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify whether or not females believe they associate with the culture of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) by investigating the perceptions of female students currently enroled in STEM courses.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents data from a survey on female STEM students’ “Perspectives of women in STEM”, “Parents’ Science qualification”, “Supports in their STEM Course” and their “Science identify” through a social capital lens. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyse the data.FindingsThe main findings were that female STEM undergraduates believe social bias, balancing work and family life and lack of role models are the main cause of less women in STEM professions and leadership positions. There were statistically significant differences between how male and female students identified with certain traits, with less females claiming to be intelligent and know about latest discoveries than males.Research limitations/implicationsTo eradicate stereotypical views of scientists, it is recommended that Irish higher-education institutions introduce initiatives to increase the socialisation of STEM females within female networks and develop female students’ self-awareness of their own capabilities. The expansion of STEM networks could act as a means to facilitate female students adopting positive science identities, increasing their science capital.Originality/valueIn Ireland, there is a paucity of literature relating to females’ experience of STEM in higher education. This paper provides evidence that despite their engagement with STEM, female undergraduate students subscribe to the stereotypical image of the scientist. This study highlights the need to change the culture experienced by female STEM undergraduates in Ireland so as to improve the experiences and trajectories of women in higher education.
The causality link between political risk and stock prices
Authors: Wang Huiqiang 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Prior studies have paid close attention to the impact of political risk on financial markets. Following this strand of literature, this paper aims to focus on the causality link between political shocks and their impacts on emerging stock markets.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper highlights an innovative counterfactual model for political risk assessment. Based on a natural experiment, i.e. the Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1995-1996, this study utilizes one data-driven approach, e.g. the synthetic control methods (SCMs), to estimate causal impact of this political shock on Taiwan’s stock market.

Findings
Major findings in this study are consistent with existing literature on the price of political risk, e.g. political uncertainty commands a risk premium. The SCM estimations suggest that Taiwan’s stock prices dramatically underperformed its newly industrialized peers and other developed markets during the crisis. The SCM results are statistically significant and robust to various cross-validation tests.

Research limitations/implications
Findings in this study indicate that political risks could generate enormous impacts on emerging financial markets. In particular, political uncertainty following new geopolitical dynamics requires proper identification and assessment.

Originality/value
To the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first rigorous counterfactual study to the causality relationship between political uncertainty and stock prices in emerging markets. This paper is distinct from previous studies in applying a data-driven approach to combine the features of learning from others (cross-sectional) and learning from the past (time series).