bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and genetic characteristics of pachydrusen in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Fukuda Yoshiko , Sakurada Yoichi , Yoneyama Seigo , Kikushima Wataru , Sugiyama Atsushi , Matsubara Mio , Tanabe Naohiko , Iijima Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigated the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including typical AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and retinal angiomatous proliferation, in whom pachydrusen was seen. Patients with unilateral exudative AMD with at least a 12-month follow-up period were included. According to the fellow eye condition, 327 consecutive patients were classified into 4 groups: Group 0: no drusen (42.8%), Group 1: pachydrusen (12.2%), Group 2: soft drusen (30.3%), Group 3: pseudodrusen with or without soft drusen (14.7%). Development of exudative AMD in the fellow eye was retrospectively studied for a 60-month period and this inter-group comparisons were performed. Genotyping was performed for ARMS2 A69S and CFH I62V. The thickness of the choroid in the fellow eyes increased significantly in Group 1 than in other groups (all P < 1.0 × 10−7). The development of exudative AMD in the fellow eye was significantly less frequent in Group 1 than in Groups 2 or 3 (P = 0.022 and 0.0015, respectively). Risk allele frequency of ARMS2 A69S was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 and 3 (all P < 1.0 × 10−4). Patients with pachydrusen have genetic and clinical characteristics distinct from those of soft drusen and pseudodrusen.
Dark air–liquid interfacial chemistry of glyoxal and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Zhang Fei , Yu Xiaofei , Chen Jianmin , Zhu Zihua , Yu Xiao-Ying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe air–liquid (a–l) interfacial chemistry of glyoxal is of great interest in atmospheric chemistry. We present molecular imaging of glyoxal and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dark aging using in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). More organic peroxides and cluster ions are observed at the a–l interface in dark aging compared to UV aging. Cluster ions formed with more water molecules in dark aging indicate that the aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) could form hydrogen bond with water molecules, suggesting that aqSOAs at the aqueous phase are more hydrophilic. Thus the interfacial aqSOA in dark aging could increase hygroscopic growth. Strong contribution of cluster ions and large water clusters in dark aging indicates change of solvation shells at the a–l interface. The observation of organic peroxides and cluster ions indicates that the aqueous surface could be a reservoir of organic peroxides and odd hydrogen radicals at night. Our findings provide new understandings of glyoxal a–l interfacial chemistry and fill in the gap between field measurements and the climate model simulation of aqSOAs.
Impact of PSCA gene polymorphisms in modulating gastric cancer risk in the Chinese population
Authors: Yan Kangpeng , Wu Kun , Lin Chao , Jie Zhigang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have identified the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene rs2294008 C &gt; T and rs2976392 G &gt; A polymorphisms to be associated with the risk of gastric cancer, the results of which are inconsistent. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the two polymorphisms and the gastric cancer risk in the Chinese population. A hospital-based case–control study was conducted on 549 cases and 592 healthy controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the association of the two polymorphisms on the gastric cancer risk. We found that both rs2294008 (CT vs. CC, OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.20–1.99, P&lt;0.001 and CT+TT vs. CC, OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.09–1.74, P=0.008) and rs2976392 (GA vs. GG, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.25–2.07, P&lt;0.001 and GA+AA vs. GG, OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.20–1.92, P&lt;0.001) were associated with an increased gastric cancer. In the combined analysis of the two polymorphisms, subjects with more than one risk genotype have a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.09–1.75, P=0.008) in comparison with those without any risk genotypes. In conclusion, our findings verified that the PSCA gene rs2294008 and rs2976392 polymorphisms were both significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in the Chinese population. Well-designed functional studies are to be warranted to confirm these findings.
Three-dimensional modeling of chromospheric spectral lines in a simulated active region
Authors: Bjørgen Johan P. , Leenaarts Jorrit , Rempel Matthias , Cheung Mark C. M. , Danilovic Sanja , de la Cruz Rodríguez Jaime , Sukhorukov Andrii V. 
Published: August 2019

Context. Because of the complex physics that governs the formation of chromospheric lines, interpretation of solar chromospheric observations is difficult. The origin and characteristics of many chromospheric features are, because of this, unresolved.
Aims. We focus on studying two prominent features: long fibrils and flare ribbons. To model these features, we use a 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation of an active region, which self-consistently reproduces both of these features.
Methods. We modeled the Hα, Mg II k, Ca II K, and Ca II 8542 Å lines using the 3D non-LTE radiative transfer code Multi3D. To obtain non-LTE electron densities, we solved the statistical equilibrium equations for hydrogen simultaneously with the charge conservation equation. We treated the Ca II K and Mg II k lines with partially coherent scattering.
Results. This simulation reproduces long fibrils that span between the opposite-polarity sunspots and go up to 4 Mm in height. They can be traced in all lines owing to density corrugation. In contrast to previous studies, Hα, Mg II h&k, and Ca II H&K are formed at similar height in this model. Although some of the high fibrils are also visible in the Ca II 8542 Å line, this line tends to sample loops and shocks lower in the chromosphere. Magnetic field lines are aligned with the Hα fibrils, but the latter holds to a lesser extent for the Ca II 8542 Å line. The simulation shows structures in the Hα line core that look like flare ribbons. The emission in the ribbons is caused by a dense chromosphere and a transition region at high column mass. The ribbons are visible in all chromospheric lines, but least prominent in Ca II 8542 Å line. In some pixels, broad asymmetric profiles with a single emission peak are produced similar to the profiles observed in flare ribbons. They are caused by a deep onset of the chromospheric temperature rise and large velocity gradients.
Conclusions. The simulation produces long fibrils similar to what is seen in observations. It also produces structures similar to flare ribbons despite the lack of nonthermal electrons in the simulation. The latter suggests that thermal conduction might be a significant agent in transporting flare energy to the chromosphere in addition to nonthermal electrons.
Spot evolution on LQ Hya from 2006–2017: temperature maps based on SOFIN and FIES data
Authors: Cole-Kodikara Elizabeth M. , Käpylä Maarit J. , Lehtinen Jyri J. , Hackman Thomas , Ilyin Ilya V. , Piskunov Nikolai , Kochukhov Oleg 
Published: August 2019

Context. LQ Hya is one of the most frequently studied young solar analogue stars. Recently, it has been observed to show intriguing behaviour when analysing long-term photometry. For instance, from 2003–2009, a coherent spot structure migrating in the rotational frame was reported by various authors. However, ever since, the star has entered a chaotic state where coherent structures seem to have disappeared and rapid phase jumps of the photometric minima occur irregularly over time.
Aims. LQ Hya is one of the stars included in the SOFIN/FIES long-term monitoring campaign extending over 25 yr. Here, we publish new temperature maps for the star during 2006–2017, covering the chaotic state of the star.
Methods. We used a Doppler imaging technique to derive surface temperature maps from high-resolution spectra.
Results. From the mean temperatures of the Doppler maps, we see a weak but systematic increase in the surface temperature of the star. This is consistent with the simultaneously increasing photometric magnitude. During nearly all observing seasons, we see a high-latitude spot structure which is clearly non-axisymmetric. The phase behaviour of this structure is very chaotic but agrees reasonably well with the photometry. Equatorial spots are also frequently seen, but we interpret many of them to be artefacts due to the poor to moderate phase coverage.
Conclusions. Even during the chaotic phase of the star, the spot topology has remained very similar to the higher activity epochs with more coherent and long-lived spot structures. In particular, we see high-latitude and equatorial spot activity, the mid latitude range still being most often void of spots. We interpret the erratic jumps and drifts in phase of the photometric minima to be caused by changes in the high-latitude spot structure rather than the equatorial spots.
Chaos in the inert Oort cloud
Authors: Saillenfest Melaine , Fouchard Marc , Ito Takashi , Higuchi Arika 
Published: August 2019

Context. Distant trans-Neptunian objects are subject to planetary perturbations and galactic tides. The former decrease with the distance, while the latter increase. In the intermediate regime where they have the same order of magnitude (the “inert Oort cloud”), both are weak, resulting in very long evolution timescales. To date, three observed objects can be considered to belong to this category.
Aims. We aim to provide a clear understanding of where this transition occurs, and to characterise the long-term dynamics of small bodies in the intermediate regime: relevant resonances, chaotic zones (if any), and timescales at play.
Methods. The different regimes are explored analytically and numerically. We also monitored the behaviour of swarms of particles during 4.5 Gyrs in order to identify which of the dynamical features are discernible in a realistic amount of time.
Results. There exists a tilted equilibrium plane (Laplace plane) about which orbits precess. The dynamics is integrable in the low and high semi-major axis regimes, but mostly chaotic in between. From about 800 to 1100 astronomical units (au), the chaos covers almost all the eccentricity range. The diffusion timescales are large, but not to the point of being indiscernible in a 4.5 Gyrs duration: the perihelion distance can actually vary from tens to hundreds of au. Orbital variations are damped near the ecliptic (where previous studies focussed), but favoured in specific ranges of inclination corresponding to well-defined resonances. Moreover, starting from uniform distributions, the orbital angles cluster after 4.5 Gyrs for semi-major axes larger than 500 au, because of a very slow differential precession.
Conclusions. Even if it is characterised by very long timescales, the inert Oort cloud mostly features chaotic regions; it is therefore much less inert than it appears. Orbits can be considered inert over 4.5 Gyrs only in small portions of the space of orbital elements, which include (90377) Sedna and 2012VP113. Effects of the galactic tides are discernible down to semi-major axes of about 500 au. We advocate including the galactic tides in simulations of distant trans-Neptunian objects, especially when studying the formation of detached bodies or the clustering of orbital elements.
Alkoholrückfall nach medizinisch indizierter Cannabistherapie
Authors: Flöther Lilit , Peitek Kathrin , Bucher Michael , Benndorf Ralf A. 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund In dieser Kasuistik berichten wir über einen 60-jährigen Patienten, der in unserer Ambulanz für Spezielle Schmerztherapie aufgrund einer „Mixed-Pain“-Schmerzsymptomatik bei Zustand nach operativer Entfernung eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms des Mundbodens analgetisch behandelt wurde. Nebenbefundlich war bei dem Patienten ein Zustand nach Alkoholabusus bekannt.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Der Patient war in reduziertem Allgemeinzustand und kachektischem Ernährungszustand. Es bestanden progrediente Schmerzen im Mund mit Ausstrahlung in beide Ohren sowie Appetitlosigkeit, so dass die Diagnose eines tumorbedingten Schmerzes (Mixed-Pain) und einer tumorbedingten Kachexie bei Zustand nach kurativer Behandlung eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms des Mundbodens gestellt wurde.
Therapie und Verlauf Aufgrund des zunehmend kachektischen Ernährungszustandes und andauernder Appetitlosigkeit des Patienten wurde nach Abstimmung mit dem Versicherungsträger eine Therapie mit dem Cannabis-Spray Sativex® (enthält u. a. delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol und Cannabidiol) eingeleitet. Trotz anfänglich guter Verträglichkeit musste die Therapie aufgrund eines Alkoholrückfalls des Patienten abgebrochen werden. Nach Beendigung der Therapie konnte der Alkoholkonsum wieder beherrscht werden.
Folgerung Dieser Fall bestätigt aus unserer Sicht, dass Medizinisches Cannabis bei Patienten mit anamnestisch bekannten Suchterkrankungen nur äußerst zurückhaltend eingesetzt werden sollte.
Diagnostik und Therapie bei HIV-Infektion – was muss der Hausarzt wissen?
Authors: Ankert Juliane , Rößler Steve , Flössner Christian , Jablonka Alexandra , Schleenvoigt Benjamin T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccording to the Robert Koch Institute, the estimated HIV prevalence in Germany is 86 100. On-third of the affected persons is over 50 years old. Overall, the prognosis of patients with HIV infection depends crucially on the time of diagnosis. The unfounded stigmatization of affected patients stands in the way of today's treatment options as it did 30 years ago. Every practice of primary care must also take into consideration the medical care of HIV-infected people. The purpose of this article is to make the general practitioner aware of this topic and to prepare for the necessary procedure in everyday practice in this rare but not unlikely situation.
Update – Kalziumstoffwechsel
Authors: Schöfl Christof 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA finely balanced control system keeps the extracellular calcium concentration within narrow limits. Disorders of calcium metabolism are often based on altered parathormone levels. Symptoms are not always clear, sometimes they are even missing: the more it is important to know possible associated diseases. The author presents basics, current diagnostics and concrete therapy options. Central hormone for the regulation of the calcium balance is the parathyroid hormone. With decreasing calcium, PTH leads to an increase in extracellular free calcium concentration in three ways. The classic symptoms of pHPT (polyuria, polydipsia, “stone, leg, and stomach pain”) are rare now, as the condition is diagnosed much earlier. Treatment of choice in all symptomatic patients with pHPT is surgery. FHH and pHPT are both characterized by hypercalcaemia and increased parathyroid hormone. The differential diagnosis of urinary calcium excretion, which is usually lower in FHH but normal or elevated in pHPT, is crucial. In primary hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid failure interferes with calcium homeostasis at a central location. Consequences are hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia and lack of active vitamin D. Due to increased urinary calcium excretion, patients with ADH are at high risk for kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis and the development of renal insufficiency. Recently, rhPTH 1-84 has been available for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. However, long-term data is still lacking to provide a safe indication, considering potential effects and side effects.
Stellenwert der koronararteriellen Revaskularisation in der Herzinsuffizienztherapie
Authors: Schlegel Philipp , Kreußer Michael , Katus Hugo A. , Raake Philip 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie koronare Herzerkrankung (KHK) stellt mit circa 70% die häufigste Ursache für die Entwicklung einer chronischen Herzinsuffizienz dar. Als einziger kausaler Ansatz ist die Revaskularisation die wichtigste Therapie, um eine Verbesserung der kardialen Funktion und Gesamtprognose zu erreichen. Bislang liegen nur für die chirurgische Revaskularisation positive Daten aus randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien vor. Die Entscheidung hinsichtlich Bypassoperation oder perkutaner Koronarintervention ist eine klassische Fragestellung für das Heartteam, wobei neben dem klinischen Zustand und operativen Risiko des Patienten die Erreichbarkeit einer vollen Revaskularisation, die Koronaranatomie, Herzklappenerkrankungen und weitere Komorbiditäten mit einkalkuliert werden müssen. Bei Mehrgefäß-KHK kommt eine perkutane Koronarintervention infrage, wenn dadurch eine vollständige Revaskularisation erreicht werden kann und/oder das OP-Risiko als deutlich erhöht einzuschätzen ist. Weiterführende Therapieansätze bis hin zu kardialen Unterstützungssystemen und die Listung zur Herztransplantation sollten erst nach Revaskularisation erwogen werden.
Wissenschaftlicher Überblick zu bewegungstherapeutischen Interventionsstudien in onkologischen Rehabilitationskliniken
Authors: Wolf Florian , Baumann Freerk T. , Wirtz Petra 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Arbeit Zahlreiche Studien belegen die ganzheitlich-positiven Effekte bewegungstherapeutischer Interventionen bei Krebspatienten. Auch in der onkologischen Rehabilitationsklinik besitzt die Bewegungstherapie einen hohen Stellenwert, deren Erkenntnisse hier zusammengefasst werden sollen.
Methoden Es wurde die Datenbank Pubmed sowie die Publikationen der Rehabilitationswissenschaftlichen Kolloquien nach Interventionsstudien von 2006 bis Januar 2018 durchsucht.
Ergebnisse 13 Publikationen wurden identifiziert, die sich auf 8 Studien bezogen, von denen 5 RCTs waren. In erster Linie zeigten Studien den positiven Effekt von Trainingsinterventionen auf das Fatigue-Syndrom und das Bewegungsverhalten. Für viele Parameter liegen jedoch noch keine validen Ergebnisse vor.
Schlussfolgerung Zukünftige Studien im Setting der onkologischen Rehabilitationskliniken sollten insbesondere auf die objektive Erfassung von körperlicher Aktivität und körperlicher Fitness, lange Follow-Up-Zeiträume, ein multizentrisches Design, eine Personalisierung des Trainings und eine intensivierte Nachsorge achten.
Ambulante Rehabilitationssportangebote für Krebspatienten: Eine Befragungsstudie zu Barrieren und Zugangswegen
Authors: Graf Katharina , Vogt Lutz , Middelmann Felix , Jäger Elke , Banzer Winfried 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Trotz einer steigenden Anzahl an Rehabilitationssportgruppen für Krebspatienten wird häufig von Schwierigkeiten beim Zugang zu entsprechenden wohnortnahen Angeboten berichtet. Ziel der Untersuchung war daher die Erhebung von Zugangswegen sowie wahrgenommenen Barrieren und Einflussgrößen für den Einstieg und die langfristige Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport für Krebspatienten.
Methode An der quantitativen und qualitativen Befragung beteiligten sich 189 Teilnehmer aus 21 ambulanten Rehabilitationssportgruppen (63±10 J.; 96 % weiblich; 82 % Brustkrebs; Rehasport-Teilnahme seit im Median 29 Monaten). Mittels standardisiertem Instrument (offene und geschlossene Fragen; validierte Skalen) wurden systematisch Faktoren erfasst, die Einstieg und Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport potenziell beeinflussen können (z. B. Barrieren, Motive).
Ergebnisse Vor dem Einstieg hatten 151 (80 %) der Befragten eine Empfehlung für die Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport bekommen (40 % Stationäre Rehabilitation / Anschlussheilbehandlung; 24 % Familie / Freunde; 16 % Onkologe; 11 % Personal der onkologischen Einrichtung; 10 % Hausarzt / Gynäkologe). Hindernisse / Bedenken vor dem Einstieg umfassten insbesondere eine als zu starke wahrgenommene Müdigkeit / Erschöpfung (37 %), zu starke Schmerzen / Unwohlsein (15 %) und das Gefühl einer therapie- / erkrankungsbedingt zu geringen Fitness (14 %) sowie fehlende Kenntnisse über passende Angebote (19 %) und unzureichende Empfehlungen (13 %). Primäre Motive für den Einstieg und die Teilnahme am Rehabilitationssport liegen in einer Verbesserung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden (97 bzw. 93 %) sowie einer Reduktion von (Krankheits-)Beschwerden (96 %) und Rezidivrisiko (82 %). Fast alle Teilnehmer (n = 185; 98 %) wollen nach der Teilnahme am Rehasport weiterhin regelmäßig körperlich-sportlich aktiv bleiben (74 % im Sportverein, davon 36 % zusätzlich privat; 17 % ausschließlich privat). Gut 2 / 3 der Befragten (68 %) haben Interesse, an weiteren regulären Vereinssport-Angeboten teilzunehmen, 38 % kennen keine anderen Angebote bzw. Möglichkeiten im Verein.
Diskussion Konkrete Empfehlungen und adäquate Aufklärung über Durchführbarkeit, Nutzen und Möglichkeiten von Rehabilitationssport scheinen für den Einstieg in eine entsprechende Krebssportgruppe relevant. Informationen zu Angeboten und Möglichkeiten, bestenfalls bereits während der Krebstherapie, könnten den Einstieg in den Rehasport und konsekutiv einen aktiven Lebensstil sowie die Nutzung des Potenzials von Bewegung unterstützen.
Sport- und Bewegungsempfehlung nach Brustrekonstruktion: Erste Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung und Erfahrungen aus der Praxis
Authors: Otto Stephanie , de Gregorio Nikolaus , Volz Sophia , Janni Wolfgang , de Gregorio Amelie , Michael Steinacker Jürgen , Ebner Florian 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie plastisch-kosmetische Brustrekonstruktion wird aus unterschiedlichsten Indikationen durchgeführt. Patientinnen mit einem entsprechenden Eingriff sind körper-bewusst und nehmen an verschiedensten körperlichen Aktivitäten bzw. Sport teil. Da die postoperativen Empfehlungen nur auf niedrigem Evidenzniveau bei Brustrekonstruktion existieren, wurde mittels einer online Befragung ein erster Überblick über die Empfehlungen erhoben. Demzufolge kann die Wiederaufnahme von Sport unterstützt werden, es sollte jedoch auf mögliche Risiken hingewiesen werden. Grundsätzlich ist nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand nicht von Sport und körperlicher Aktivität nach einem Brustwiederaufbau abzuraten.
Grifola frondosa extract and ergosterol reduce allergic reactions in an allergy mouse model by suppressing the degranulation of mast cells
Authors: Kawai Junya , Mori Koichiro , Hirasawa Noriyasu 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The increasing number of patients suffering from allergic diseases is a global health problem. Grifola frondosa is an edible mushroom consumed as a health food in Asia, and has recently been reported to have anti-allergic effects. We previously reported that G. frondosa extract (GFE) and its active components, ergosterol and its derivatives, inhibited the antigen-induced activation of RBL-2H3 cells. Here, we demonstrated that GFE and ergosterol also had an inhibitory effect on the degranulation of bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) and alleviated anaphylactic cutaneous responses in mice. Using an air pouch-type allergic inflammation mouse model, we confirmed that oral administration of GFE and ergosterol suppressed the degranulation of mast cells in vivo. Our findings suggest that G. frondosa, including ergosterol as its active component, reduces type I allergic reactions by suppressing mast cell degranulation in mice, and might be a novel functional food that prevents allergic diseases.