bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Argumentasi Melalui Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Sesuai Gaya Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia 2024-2025
Authors: Rubiyanti Rubiyanti , Pranoto Agung , Ariani Dian 
Published: November 2024

Pembelajaran berdifrensiasi memiliki arti ialah proses pembelajaran yang berfokus pada kebutuhan belajar peserta didik dalam memahami pembelajaran berdasarkan kemampuan atau karakeristik, kemampuan, minat, gaya belajar dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan menulis peserta didik dengan menerapkan pembelajaran berdifrensiasi sesuai dengan gaya belajar peserta didik di SMAN 6 Surabaya berjumlah 34 siswa, metode penelitian di gunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data penelitin dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis peserta didik pada Teks Argumentasi melalui pembelajaran berdifrensiasi sesuai gaya belajar siswa pada kelas XI-3 SMAN 6 Surabaya, dikatan berhasil dikarna aspek penilai mencapai indikator keberhasilan sebesar 80%. Terjadinya peningkatan hasil belajar karena pembelajaran ini menerapkan pembelajaran berdifrensiasi yang sesuai dengan gaya belajar peserta didik, membantu peserta didik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan beajar, sehingga meningkatkan keterampilan peserta didik dalam menulis teks argumentasi. Penulisan tek argumentasi dengan menyesuaikan gaya belajar peserta didik yaitu dengan gaya belajar visual, audiovisual, dan kinestetik. Penelitian tindakan kelas dengan penerapan pembelajaran berdifrensiasi sesuai gaya belajar peserta didik mampu meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks argumentasi pada peserta didik kelas XI-3 SMAN 6 Surabaya.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran TGT untuk meningkatkan Minat Belajar dan Keterampilan Kolaboratif Sekolah Dasar pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Jannah Nila Roudlotul , Soewardini Herfa Maulina Dewi , Aini Nurul 
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini tujuannya guna meningkatkan minat belajar dan keterampilan kolaboratif kelas 2 dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dan memakai model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Team Game Tournament ( TGT ). Jenis Penelitian ini ialah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ( PTK ). Subjek penelitian adalah kelas 2-A SDN Putat Jaya IV/380 Surabaya yang berjumlah sebanyak 27 pada tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Instrumen yang dipakai atas penelitian ini ialah lembar observasi pada minat belajar juga lembar observasi keterampilan kolaboratif. Analisis yang dipakai ialah analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanya kenaikan minat belajar pada keterampilan kolaboratif kelas 2-A SDN Putat Jaya IV/380 Surabaya dan memakai model pembelajaran Kooperatif Team Game Tournament ( TGT ). Hal tersebut ditunjukkan atas terdapatnya kenaikan minat belajar dan keterampilan kolaboratif siswa atas mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil observasi atas minat belajar dan keterampilan kolaboratif siswa pada siklus I yakni minat belajar 67,5% dan keterampilan kolaboratif 70,5%. Kemudian meningkat, pada siklus II yakni minat belajar 84,5% dan keterampilan kolaboratif 84,5%.
Holistic Learning Models in Remote Areas: Enhancing Student Motivation through Local Wisdom, Parental Collaboration, Teacher Capacity, and Government Support
Authors: M Usman , Hermansyah Sam , . Yusrianti , Said Sunandar , Febrianti Devy , Riza Andi 
Published: November 2024

This study explores a holistic learning model in elementary education that integrates local wisdom, parental collaboration, teacher capacity, and government support to enhance student motivation in remote areas of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research follows a quantitative approach, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS to analyze data collected through offline questionnaires from 159 respondents, including 18 school principals and 141 elementary school teachers. Results reveal that government support significantly boosts both teacher capacity (O = 0.64, P = 0.000) and student motivation (O = 0.36, P = 0.000). Teacher capacity plays a critical role in improving student motivation (O = 0.807, P = 0.000) and fostering parental collaboration (O = 0.289, P = 0.000). Surprisingly, a negative correlation was found between parental collaboration and student motivation (O = -0.289, P = 0.000), while local wisdom showed an insignificant impact on student motivation (O = -0.097, P = 0.215). Discussion suggests that government support and teacher capacity are key drivers of student motivation, though the complex dynamics of parental collaboration require further exploration. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of teacher capacity and government involvement while recognizing the nuanced role of parental involvement. Future research should explore these factors across different cultural contexts, using mixed-methods approaches to provide a deeper understanding of the relationships and the role of cultural practices in motivating students.
Abstinência sexual dos adolescentes na era da globalização cultural. Estudo de caso na cidade de chimoio em Moçambique (2022-2023)
Authors: De Moçambique Universidade Católica 
Published: November 2024

A abstinência sexual é um fenómeno que é sobretudo discutido no contexto tradicional e religioso. Embora a abordagem de educação sexual abrangente chamada ABC (Abstinência, Fidelidade e Uso de Preservativo) englobe esta estratégia, na prática os programas de educação sexual recorrem pouco a este recurso. O presente estudo focalizou a atenção num adolescente do meio urbano na cidade de Chimoio em Moçambique e analisou a sua percepção em relação à abstinência sexual. Os participantes da pesquisa foram estudantes com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e 16 anos, das escolas secundárias públicas do curso diurno da cidade de Chimoio. A amostragem probabilística por conglomerado apurou 703 alunos, de ambos os sexos, das cinco escolas secundárias. As respostas foram analisadas através do pacote estatístico SPSS. Partindo de uma abordagem quantitativa a primeira parte da análise recorreu a estatística descritiva, apresentando-se através de gráficos e tabelas, as principais tendências motivacionais na busca de abstinência sexual. Constatou-se que 74.3% dos inquiridos recebem instrução na Igreja de não se envolverem sexualmente e 59% em casa, contudo, as análises posteriores revelaram que as principais razões motivacionais que levam os adolescentes a abster-se não partem da afiliação religiosa. O estudo revelou que 42.4% dos adolescentes não se está a envolver sexualmente porque simplesmente se considera ainda muito jovem. O teste de correlação de Pearson testou se ambos os sexos demostram as mesmas tendências motivacionais ou se existe alguma diferença significativa entre as razões motivacionais dos rapazes e das raparigas. O resultado demostrou que há mais meninas do que rapazes que consideram o factor de idade como determinante para não se envolver sexualmente. Aliada a esta razão surge o medo de engravidar, enquanto para os rapazes as razões mais destacáveis são o medo de contrair HIV e a instrução que vem de família. O estudo sugere que o conceito de abstinência deve ser mais explorado, e que os programas de educação sexual devem apresentá-lo como sendo uma alternativa viável enquanto método de prevenção e redução de riscos para uma grande proporção dos adolescentes.
Applying stacking ensemble method to predict chronic kidney disease progression in Chinese population based on laboratory information system: a retrospective study
Authors: Du Jialin , Gao Jie , Guan Jie , Jin Bo , Duan Nan , Pang Lu , Huang Haiming , Ma Qian , Huang Chenwei , Li Haixia 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue, and accurate prediction of the progression of kidney failure is critical for clinical decision-making and helps improve patient outcomes. As such, we aimed to develop and externally validate a machine-learned model to predict the progression of CKD using common laboratory variables, demographic characteristics, and an electronic health records database.

Methods
We developed a predictive model using longitudinal clinical data from a single center for Chinese CKD patients. The cohort included 987 patients who were followed up for more than 24 months. Fifty-three laboratory features were considered for inclusion in the model. The primary outcome in our study was an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or kidney failure. Machine learning algorithms were applied to the modeling dataset (n = 296), and an external dataset (n = 71) was used for model validation. We assessed model discrimination via area under the curve (AUC) values, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score.

Results
Over a median follow-up period of 3.75 years, 148 patients experienced kidney failure. The optimal model was based on stacking different classifier algorithms with six laboratory features, including 24-h urine protein, potassium, glucose, urea, prealbumin and total protein. The model had considerable predictive power, with AUC values of 0.896 and 0.771 in the validation and external datasets, respectively. This model also accurately predicted the progression of renal function in patients over different follow-up periods after their initial assessment.

Conclusions
A prediction model that leverages routinely collected laboratory features in the Chinese population can accurately identify patients with CKD at high risk of progressing to kidney failure. An online version of the model can be easily and quickly applied in clinical management and treatment.
Potential molecular mechanisms of ETV6-RUNX1-positive B progenitor cell cluster in acute lymphoblastic leukemia revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Qu Ning , Wan Yue , Sui Xin , Sui Tianyi , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2024

Aim
This study was to explore role of immune landscape and the immune cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) progression.

Background
The most prevalent genetic alteration in childhood ALL is the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion. The increased proliferation of B progenitor cells could expedite the disease’s progression due to irregularities in the cell cycle. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which particular cell clusters influence the cell cycle and promote the advancement of ALL are still not well understood.

Objective
This study was to explore role of immune landscape and the immune cells in ALL progression.

Methods
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of ETV6-RUNX1 and healthy pediatric samples obtained from GSE132509 were clustered and annotated using the Seurat package, and differentially highly expressed genes identified in each cluster were analyzed using DAVID for pathway annotation. Chromosome amplification and deletion were analyzed using the inferCNV package. SCENIC evaluated the regulation of transcription factors and target gene formation in cells. cellphoneDB and CellChat were served to infer ligand-receptor pairs that mediate interactions between subpopulations. The role of the target gene in regulating ALL progression was assessed using RT-qPCR, Transwell and scratch healing assays.

Results
The bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) from ETV6-RUNX1 and healthy pediatric samples in GSE132509 were divided into 11 clusters, and B cell cluster 1 was identified as B progenitor cell, which was amplified on chromosome 6p. B progenitor cells were divided into seven clusters. Expression levels of amplified genes in chromosome 6p of B progenitor cell cluster 5 were the highest, and its specific highly expressed genes were annotated to pathways promoting cell cycle progression. Regulons formed in B progenitor cell cluster 5 were all involved in promoting cell cycle progression, so it was regarded as the B progenitor cell cluster that drives cell cycle progression. The key regulator of the B progenitor cell is E2F1, which promotes the migration and invasion ability of the cell line HAP1. The major ligand-receptor pairs that mediate the communication of B progenitor cell cluster 5 with cytotoxic NK/T cells or naive T cells included FAM3C−CLEC2D, CD47−SIRPG, HLAE−KLRC2, and CD47−KLRC2. HLAE−KLRC1 and TGFB1−(TGFBR1+TGFBR2).

Conclusion
This study outlined the immune cell landscape of ETV6-RUNX1 ALL and identified chromosome 6p amplification in B progenitor cells, described the major B progenitor cell cluster driving cell cycle progression and its potential regulatory mechanisms on NK cells and T cells, providing cellular and molecular insights into ETV6-RUNX1 ALL.
N‐glycan signatures identified in tumor interstitial fluid and serum of breast cancer patients: association with tumor biology and clinical outcome
Authors: Terkelsen Thilde , Haakensen Vilde D. , Saldova Radka , Gromov Pavel , Hansen Merete Kjær , Stöckmann Henning , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Børresen‐Dale Anne‐Lise , Papaleo Elena , Helland Åslaug , Rudd Pauline M. , Gromova Irina 
Published: April 2018

Particular N‐glycan structures are known to be associated with breast malignancies by coordinating various regulatory events within the tumor and corresponding microenvironment, thus implying that N‐glycan patterns may be used for cancer stratification and as predictive or prognostic biomarkers. However, the association between N‐glycans secreted by breast tumor and corresponding clinical relevance remain to be elucidated. We profiled N‐glycans by HILIC UPLC across a discovery dataset composed of tumor interstitial fluids (TIF, n = 85), paired normal interstitial fluids (NIF, n = 54) and serum samples (n = 28) followed by independent evaluation, with the ultimate goal of identifying tumor‐related N‐glycan patterns in blood of patients with breast cancer. The segregation of N‐linked oligosaccharides revealed 33 compositions, which exhibited differential abundances between TIF and NIF. TIFs were depleted of bisecting N‐glycans, which are known to play essential roles in tumor suppression. An increased level of simple high mannose N‐glycans in TIF strongly correlated with the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes within tumor. At the same time, a low level of highly complex N‐glycans in TIF inversely correlated with the presence of infiltrating lymphocytes within tumor. Survival analysis showed that patients exhibiting increased TIF abundance of GP24 had better outcomes, whereas low levels of GP10, GP23, GP38, and coreF were associated with poor prognosis. Levels of GP1, GP8, GP9, GP14, GP23, GP28, GP37, GP38, and coreF were significantly correlated between TIF and paired serum samples. Cross‐validation analysis using an independent serum dataset supported the observed correlation between TIF and serum, for five of nine N‐glycan groups: GP8, GP9, GP14, GP23, and coreF. Collectively, our results imply that profiling of N‐glycans from proximal breast tumor fluids is a promising strategy for determining tumor‐derived glyco‐signature(s) in the blood. N‐glycans structures validated in our study may serve as novel biomarkers to improve the diagnostic and prognostic stratification of patients with breast cancer.
Haem Structure and Function
Authors: Kim Hyung J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Haem is an iron‐containing cofactor that is universally utilised from single‐cell microbes to vertebrates. The porphyrin ring is the organic framework that coordinates the iron ion, and nature modifies the structure of this functionally versatile ring to create haems with different chemical properties. In addition, the type and the number of iron‐binding ligands from the haem protein's scaffold, which includes histidine, methionine and cysteine residues, also modulate the chemistry of haem. These interactions afford haem to function in dioxygen (O
2
) transport, as in myoglobin and haemoglobin; in electron transport, as in mono‐ and multihaem cytochromes and in enzymic reactions as in oxidases. Furthermore, the structural interactions between the haem and the proteinaceous ligands fine‐tune reduction potentials and give rise to distinct electronic absorption spectra that are useful for biochemical studies of haem proteins. As studies of haem and haem proteins continue, new functions are being discovered, including in the regulation of key cellular processes.

Key Concepts

Haem is an iron ion coordinated to a substituted porphyrin ring, called protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and serves as a cofactor for a functionally diverse group of proteins.

The porphyrin ring can be structurally modified to produce haem types
b, c, a, o
or
d
.

The haem iron ion can coordinate five or six ligands where the five‐coordinate complexes can bind small ligands such as O
2
and/or participate in catalysis.

The highly conjugated π‐electron system of haem's porphyrin provides characteristic electronic absorbance spectrum for different types of haems and haem proteins.

Factors such as the type and the number of axial ligands to the haem iron, the nature of substituents to the porphyrin ring and charges near the haem centre contribute to modulating the reduction potential of haems.

Both the O
2
‐carrier haemoglobin and the enzyme peroxidase possess five‐coordinate His ligation systems, yet vastly different functions, illustrating the broad functional range of haem proteins by use of different protein environments.
Haemostasis: General Pathways
Authors: Balduini Alessandra , Balduini Cesare 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Haemostasis protects the organism from bleeding due to tissue and vascular injury. It is a complex system of interconnected mechanisms that have the purpose of halting blood loss and reconstituting the integrity of the damaged tissue. The haemostatic process begins with a vascular damage that results in the exposure of the subendothelial collagen; this component is recognised by platelet receptors that initiate a series of events resulting in platelet aggregation with the formation of the primary unstable thrombus. Tissue damage also sets off the activation cascade of the coagulation factors, which results in the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin, stabilising the thrombus. The final phase of haemostasis is the removal of the fibrin clot by plasmin, followed by wound healing of the damaged tissue. In normal conditions, haemostasis is controlled by sophisticated mechanisms that trigger the activation of the coagulation process to block blood loss, preventing unnecessary thrombus formation.

Key Concepts

Haemostasis is a system of highly interconnected mechanisms aimed at protecting the organism from blood loss.

Four phases occur in haemostasis: (1) tissue and vessel wall damage, (2) platelet activation, (3) blood clotting and (4) fibrinolysis and wound healing.

Injury of the vessel wall initiates the mechanisms responsible for platelet activation and coagulation factor activation.

Coagulation factors are plasma proteins that in the absence of tissue damage circulate in blood in an inactive form. Tissue lesion provokes a proteolytic cascade that sequentially activates all the factors, resulting in the formation of the stable fibrin clot.

The haemostatic mechanisms are limited to the area in which tissue injury and platelet adhesion occurred.

Upon definitive arrest of bleeding, the fibrin network is dissolved by plasmin deriving from proteolytic activation of plasminogen.

Plasminogen activation is strongly stimulated by fibrin, and therefore plasmin is active only in the areas in which fibrin is present.

Alterations of the different haemostatic mechanisms result in severe pathologic conditions that represent one of the main causes of death in modern society.

The haemostatic process is controlled by sophisticated mechanisms aimed at maintaining a functionally correct balance between prothrombotic and antithrombotic pathways.
HAPPY
Mapping
Authors: Dear Paul H 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

For large genomes, such as most eukaryotes, it is difficult or impossible to produce a complete, gap‐free genome sequence. Genome mapping entails finding the relative positions of different deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences in such an incompletely sequenced genome, often across large distances (kb or Mb). An accurate genome map arranges sequence fragments in context, and can also be used to guide directed sequencing efforts to close the remaining gaps. HAPPY mapping is a versatile
in vitro
method for making such genome maps. Genomic DNA is broken randomly and diluted to the point where samples contain only a few molecules. Many such samples are analysed and, if two sequences (markers) are often found together in the same sample, this implies that they are often on the same DNA fragment and therefore adjacent in the genome.

Key Concepts

A genome map shows the positions of different DNA sequences in a genome, even if the genome has not been fully sequenced.

Genome maps show the large‐scale organisation of the genome, across many kilobases or megabases.

Genome maps can help to guide efforts to close in a full genome sequence, by showing the size and position of remaining gaps.

HAPPY mapping relies only on
in vitro
steps, and is less prone to artefacts than some other mapping methods

HAPPY mapping can be used to make maps with resolutions from kilobases to hundreds of kilobases.
Dominance and Recessivity
Authors: Wilkie Andrew OM 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The terms dominance and recessivity, originally codified by Gregor Mendel, are not strictly speaking intrinsic properties of genes or alleles but describe, in diploid organisms, the pattern of occurrence of a phenotypic trait with respect to the possible combinations of two alleles. If the trait is present in the heterozygote, it is said to be dominant or semidominant, and if it is present only in one of the homozygotes, it is recessive. In contemporary genetics, these terms are frequently used in a different but useful way to describe a property of the variant or mutant allele itself in relation to the normal, wild‐type state; this context is very helpful for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mutations lead to disease. Practical applications include elucidation of genotype–phenotype relationships, structure–function studies of proteins and prediction of patterns of segregation of phenotypes to offspring in contexts such as selective breeding and genetic counselling.

Key Concepts

In comparing the traits (phenotypes) associated with alleles
A
and
B
in a diploid organism, the dominant phenotype is that observed in association with genotypes
AA
and
AB
, whereas the recessive phenotype is that observed in association with the
BB
genotype.

Semidominance of the phenotypes occurs when that associated with
AB
is intermediate between
AA
and
BB
.

A less formally correct, but operationally useful allele‐centric definition occurs when comparing the phenotypes associated with a rare variant allele to the normal (wild‐type) state. When heterozygotes appear phenotypically normal, the variant allele is described as recessive, but if they are abnormal, it is described as dominant.

Most (∼90%) variants of large phenotypic effect result in loss‐of‐function and the associated phenotype only manifests in the homozygous state (recessive to the wild‐type), because in heterozygotes, the function of the remaining wild‐type allele is sufficient for homeostasis.

Fewer than 10% of variants of large effect are associated with a phenotype in heterozygosity with wild type (i.e. dominant genetics). The reasons why the remaining wild‐type allele is unable to buffer the phenotype fall into distinct categories, depending on whether the functional consequence of the variant allele is to lose, gain or alter function.

Haploinsufficiency refers to the situation in which the remaining wild‐type allele (
A
) is unable to compensate fully for loss‐of‐function of the variant allele
B
, so that the phenotype in
AB
heterozygotes differs from normal.

Nonhaploinsuffciency or altered‐function mechanisms of dominance are diverse and specific to the context of the gene/protein involved. Common consequences include dominant‐negative activity and gain‐of‐function, which can include structural disruption and toxic cellular effects.