bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet transfusion as treatment for factor V deficiency in the parturient: a case report
Authors: Drzymalski Dan M. , Elsayes Ali H. , Ward Katelyn R. , House Michael , Manica Virgil S. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDCongenital factor V deficiency, also called parahemophilia, is a rare hematological disorder that can be treated with platelet transfusion.CASE PRESENTATIONA 27‐year‐old G2P0100 with factor V deficiency was admitted for induction of labor and requested labor epidural analgesia. Throughout her hospital course, factor V levels were managed per recommendation from her hematologist, which included transfusing fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to maintain a factor V level of 50% before any neuraxial technique and 40% for postpartum hemostasis. The parturient required multiple transfusions of FFP to stay at this level, which eventually resulted in pulmonary edema. Given the request to maintain high levels of factor V, the parturient was transfused with platelets as an alternative source of factor V. The parturient eventually delivered a healthy neonate without signs of postpartum hemorrhage or epidural hematoma.CONCLUSIONA major learning point from this case is that platelet transfusion is an effective alternative in the management of factor V deficiency. Factor V released by platelets has enhanced procoagulant function, resulting in local factor V concentrations 100 times more than that of plasma, and has a significantly extended half‐life. Platelet transfusion should be considered as a therapy in treating parturients with factor V deficiency.
The Roles of Sex and Physical Activity in Gait and Knee Extensor Function With Age
Authors: Hafer Jocelyn F. , Miller Mark S. , Kent Jane A. , Boyer Katherine A. 
Published: April 2019

Older females experience higher rates of disability than males, potentially due to sex-specific differences in gait and muscle function. The authors evaluated the effects of age and physical activity (PA) on gait mechanics and knee extensor muscle function in males and females. Three groups of 20 individuals (each 10 females) participated: young (21–35 y) and highly and less active older (55–70 y) adults. Knee extensor strength and joint mechanics during preferred speed gait were collected before and after 30 minutes of walking. Age by sex and PA by sex interactions indicated older and less active older females had lower concentric knee extensor muscle power and larger hip extension moments than males. After 30 minutes of walking, older less active adults had larger decreases in knee extensor power than their highly active older counterparts, and older adults of both sexes had decreases in ankle dorsiflexion moments while young adults did not. These results suggest that older, particularly less active, adults are susceptible to knee extensor muscle fatigue from moderate activity. For older adults, high levels of PA may be necessary to preserve gait mechanics in response to a bout of exercise. This new information may be important for targeting interventions in at-risk older adults.
Cost-effectiveness of community-based screening and treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in Mali
Authors: Isanaka Sheila , Barnhart Dale A , McDonald Christine M , Ackatia-Armah Robert S , Kupka Roland , Doumbia Seydou , Brown Kenneth H , Menzies Nicolas A 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionModerate acute malnutrition (MAM) causes substantial child morbidity and mortality, accounting for 4.4% of deaths and 6.0% of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) lost among children under 5 each year. There is growing consensus on the need to provide appropriate treatment of MAM, both to reduce associated morbidity and mortality and to halt its progression to severe acute malnutrition. We estimated health outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness of four dietary supplements for MAM treatment in children 6–35 months of age in Mali.MethodsWe conducted a cluster-randomised MAM treatment trial to describe nutritional outcomes of four dietary supplements for the management of MAM: ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSF; PlumpySup); a specially formulated corn–soy blend (CSB) containing dehulled soybean flour, maize flour, dried skimmed milk, soy oil and a micronutrient pre-mix (CSB++; Super Cereal Plus); Misola, a locally produced, micronutrient-fortified, cereal–legume blend (MI); and locally milled flour (LMF), a mixture of millet, beans, oil and sugar, with a separate micronutrient powder. We used a decision tree model to estimate long-term outcomes and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) comparing the health and economic outcomes of each strategy.ResultsCompared to no MAM treatment, MAM treatment with RUSF, CSB++, MI and LMF reduced the risk of death by 15.4%, 12.7%, 11.9% and 10.3%, respectively. The ICER was US$9821 per death averted (2015 USD) and US$347 per DALY averted for RUSF compared with no MAM treatment.ConclusionMAM treatment with RUSF is cost-effective across a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds.Trial registrationNCT01015950.
Calculation of the thermodynamic quantities of perovskite metal organics DMAKCr and perovskite HyFe close to the weakly first-order relaxor-like structural transformation using the mean field theory
Authors: Yurtseven H. , Tarı Ö. 
Published: April 2019

Weakly first-order or nearly second-order phase transitions occurring in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), particularly in DMAKCr and perovskite HyFe, are studied under the mean field model by using the observed data from the literature. In this work, mainly thermal and magnetic properties among various physical properties which have been reported in the literature for those MOFs are studied by the mean field theory. By expanding the free energy in terms of the magnetization (order parameter), the excess heat capacity ([Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]) and entropy ([Formula: see text]S), latent heat (L), magnetization (M) and the inverse susceptibility ([Formula: see text]) are calculated as a function of temperature close to the weakly first-order phase transition within the Landau phenomenological model which is fitted to the experimental data from the literature for C[Formula: see text] (DMAKCr and perovskite HyFe) and for magnetization M (HyFe). Our predictions of the excess heat capacity ([Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]) and entropy ([Formula: see text]S) agree below T[Formula: see text] with the observed data within the temperature intervals studied for DMAKCr and perovskite HyFe. From our predictions, we find that magnetization decreases continuously whereas the inverse susceptibility decreases linearly with increasing temperature toward the transition temperature in those MOFs as expected for a weakly first-order transition from the mean field model.
Ouro para fora, lixo para dentro: as inserções de Gana na divisão internacional do trabalho contemporânea e a recommodização da economia
Authors: Santos Kauê Lopes dos 
Published: April 2019

O território ganense possui uma rica variedade de recursos minerais – como ouro, manganês, bauxita e diamantes – que tem sido explorada por grandes corporações estrangeiras desde o final do século XX, quando o país executou reformas neoliberais. A exportação de minerais é uma componente chave na inserção do país no mercado internacional, trazendo substanciais recursos externos para o Estado. Ao mesmo tempo, devido a falta de industrialização de sua economia, Gana tornou-se altamente dependente da importação de bens manufaturados de segunda mão, como bens eletroeletrônicos (mas também automóveis e roupas), importados principalmente da Europa e da América do Norte. Aproximadamente 60% desses bens não podem ser reutilizados em suas funções originais, tornando-se lixo (lixo eletrônico) que se acumula no bairro de Agbogbloshie em Accra. Assim, esse artigo busca analisar o papel de Gana na Divisão Internacional do Trabalho contemporânea.
Assessing the Quality of Abstracts in Randomized Controlled Trials Published in High Impact Cardiovascular Journals
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Shaikh Asim , Ochani Rohan Kumar , Akhtar Tauseef , Fatima Kaneez , Khan Safi U. , Mookadam Farouk , Murad M. Hassan , Figueredo Vincent M. , Doukky Rami , Krasuski Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In the busy world of cardiovascular medicine, abstracts may be the only part of a publication that clinicians read. Therefore, it is critical for abstracts to accurately reflect article content. The extended CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement for Abstracts was developed to ensure high abstract quality. However, it is unknown how often adherence to CONSORT guidelines occurs among cardiovascular journals.

Methods and Results:

We searched MEDLINE for randomized controlled trials published in 3 major cardiovascular journals (
Circulation, Journal of the American College of Cardiology
, and
European Heart Journal
) from 2011 to 2017. Post hoc, interim, and cost-effective analyses of randomized controlled trials were excluded. Two independent investigators extracted the data using a prespecified data collection form and a third investigator adjudicated the data. The primary outcome was frequency of subcategory adherence to CONSORT guidelines. A total of 478 abstracts were included in the analysis. Approximately half of the abstracts (53%; 255/478; 95% CI, 49%–57%) identified the article as randomized in the title. All abstracts detailed the interventions for both study groups (100%) and 81% (95% CI, 78%–85%) reported trial registration. Methodological quality reporting was relatively low: 9% (45/478; 95% CI, 6%–12%) described participant eligibility criteria with settings for data collection, 43% (204/478; 95% CI, 39%–47%) reported details of blinding, and <1% (4/478; 95% CI, 0%–2%) reported allocation concealment. Approximately 60% (301/478; 95% CI, 59%–67%) of the included abstracts provided primary outcome results while 55% (262/478; 95% CI, 51%–60%) reported harms or adverse effects.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of nonadherence to CONSORT guidelines among leading cardiovascular journals. Efforts by editors, authors, and reviewers should be made to increase adherence and promote transparent and unbiased presentation of study results.
Buying Allies: Payment Practices in Multilateral Military Coalition-Building
Authors: Henke Marina E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Many countries serving in multilateral military coalitions are “paid” to do so, either in cash or in concessions relating to other international issues. An examination of hundreds of declassified archival sources as well as elite interviews relating to the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the Iraq War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization operation in Afghanistan, the United Nations–African Union operation in Darfur, and the African Union operation in Somalia reveals that these payment practices follow a systematic pattern: pivotal states provide the means to cover such payments. These states reason that rewarding third parties to serve in multilateral coalitions holds important political benefits. Moreover, two distinct types of payment schemes exist: deployment subsidies and political side deals. Three types of states are most likely to receive such payments: (1) states that are inadequately resourced to deploy; (2) states that are perceived by the pivotal states as critical contributors to the coalition endeavor; and (3) opportunistic states that perceive a coalition deployment as an opportunity to negotiate a quid pro quo. These findings provide a novel perspective on what international burden sharing looks like in practice. Moreover, they raise important questions about the efficiency and effectiveness of such payment practices in multilateral military deployments.
Comparison of conventional, diffusion, and perfusion MRI between infratentorial ganglioglioma and pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: She De-jun , Lu Yi-ping , Xiong Ji , Cao Dai-rong , Geng Dao-ying , Yin Bo 
Published: April 2019

Background The differentiation of infratentorial ganglioglioma and pilocytic astrocytoma may be therapeutically relevant, which is sometimes challenging to both pathologists and neuroradiologists. Purpose To evaluate the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) features of infratentorial ganglioglioma compared with pilocytic astrocytoma. Material and Methods This retrospective study enrolled 12 patients with infratentorial ganglioglioma and 61 patients with pilocytic astrocytoma who underwent MRI before surgery. DSC-PWI was performed in 20 patients (4 gangliogliomas, 16 pilocytic astrocytoma). Demographics, conventional imaging characteristics (tumor location, margin, cystic change, enhancement, peritumoral edema, and ipsilateral cerebellar atrophy), rADCmin, and rCBVmax ratio were compared. The optimum threshold, sensitivity, and specificity for rADCmin and rCBVmax ratios were determined. Results Infratentorial ganglioglioma appeared similar to pilocytic astrocytoma but was more likely to have an ill-defined margin ( P = 0.035), ipsilateral cerebellar atrophy ( P < 0.001), lower rADCmin ratio (1.24 ± 0.27 vs. 2.04 ± 0.46, P < 0.001), and higher rCBVmax ratio (3.05 ± 1.12 vs. 1.64 ± 0.39; P = 0.008). The threshold values ≤1.66 for rADCmin ratio provide sensitivity and specificity of 91.67% and 77.05%, respectively, for discriminating ganglioglioma from pilocytic astrocytoma. The optimal threshold value for rCBVmax ratio was >1.64. Conclusion Conventional MRI, DWI, and DSC-PWI can help to differentiate infratentorial ganglioglioma from pilocytic astrocytoma. DWI offers optimal sensitivity.
A Photovoice study of user experiences of an occupational therapy department within an acute inpatient mental health setting
Authors: Birken Mary , Bryant Wendy 
Published: April 2019

Introduction People admitted to acute mental health wards benefit from access to activities, but occupational therapy departments that are separate to wards have not been investigated from the user perspective. This research aimed to investigate how an occupational therapy department with specific facilities is experienced by service users in an outer London Borough acute mental health unit. Method Photovoice, a participatory visual method, was used. Over 10 weekly sessions, five service user participants used photography to answer the research question. A final set of images with corresponding statements outlining research themes was agreed. Findings: The participants experienced the occupational therapy department as a distinct therapeutic place where they could practise skills, try out choices and manage themselves, while engaged in relevant activities for their personal recovery. The most important aspect was the staff approach to enabling the service users to engage with the department resources. Conclusion Multiple reasons for users to engage with opportunities within the occupational therapy department were identified, revealing unique insights into the experiences of service users, facilitated by the participatory approach and visual method. Further research could develop ways of maximising occupationally and environmentally focused strategies used by staff to enhance services.
Midodrine as an Adjuvant to Intravenous Vasopressor Agents in Adults With Resolving Shock: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , Smith Melanie N. , Peksa Gary D. , Trivedi Abhaya P. , Balk Robert A. , Menich Bryan E. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of midodrine in addition to intravenous vasopressor therapy on outcomes in adults recovering from shock. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and published abstracts were searched from inception to November 2018 for studies comparing outcomes in shock after midodrine initiation versus no midodrine. Results: Three studies with 2533 patients were included. Patients in whom midodrine was added to intravenous vasopressor therapy compared to intravenous vasopressor therapy alone experienced similar intensive care unit (ICU; mean difference [MD]: 1.38 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.48 to 6.23, I2 = 93%) and hospital lengths of stay (MD: 4.37 days, 95% CI: −3.45 to 12.19, I2 = 93%) and intravenous vasopressor duration after midodrine initiation (MD: 7.28 days, 95% CI: −0.86 to 15.41, I2 = 97%). Mortality was similar between groups (odds ratio: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.44-1.27, I2 = 65%). Qualitative assessment of reporting biases revealed minimal location bias, moderate selective outcome reporting bias, no selective analysis reporting bias, and no conflict of interest bias. Conclusions: Midodrine had no effect on ICU or hospital length of stay. These results were highly susceptible to the study heterogeneity and availability. Future investigation into standardized initiation of midodrine at an adequate dosage with an expedited titration strategy is needed in order to assess the utility of this strategy in shock management.
Evaluation of prognostic value of MEDS, MEWS, and CURB-65 criteria and sepsis I and sepsis III criteria in patients with community-acquired infection in emergency department
Authors: Beğenen Maruf , Durak Vahide Aslihan , Akalın Halis , Armağan Erol 
Published: April 2019

Background: Early and effective treatment of patients with sepsis requires early recognition in emergency department and understanding the severity of the disease. Many studies have been conducted for this purpose, and many of scoring systems have been developed that provide early recognition of these patients and show their severity. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the scoring systems used to determine the mortality of patients with infections admitted in emergency department. Methods: In all, 400 patients who admitted to Uludağ University Hospital Emergency Department were prospectively included in this study. In addition to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome score, Quick SOFA score, Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score, Modified Early Warning Score, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score in all patients, CURB-65 score was calculated in the patients diagnosed with pneumonia. It has been aimed to determine the power of these scores’ predictive mortality rates and their superiority to each other. Results: It was found that Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score and Quick SOFA score could be used with similar efficacy (respectively p = 0.761 and p = 0.073) in determining early mortality in emergency department (5th and 14th days) and that MEDS score was more effective (p < 0.001) in predicting the 28th-day mortality. While these recommendations were valid in patients diagnosed with pneumonia, it was determined that CURB-65 score could also be used to estimate 5th-, 14th-, and 28th-day mortalities (respectively, for the 5th day, p = 0.894 and p = 0.256; for the 14th day, p = 0.425 and p = 0.098; and for the 28th day, p = 0.095 and p = 0.158). The power of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome score, previously used to identify sepsis, in predicting mortality was detected to be lower. Conclusion: Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score and Quick SOFA score could be used with similar efficacy in determining early mortality in emergency department. However, if you want to predict 28th-day mortality rate, it can be better to use Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score or CURB-65 (in patients diagnosed with pneumonia).
A Case Report of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Under Peritoneal Dialysis With Cyst Infection and Culture-Positive Peritoneal Fluid
Authors: Yasuda Itaru , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Tokuyama Hirobumi , Washida Naoki , Shinozuka Keisuke , Yasuda Marie , Ryuzaki Masaki , Urai Hidenori , Wakino Shu , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

Background: Cyst infection is a complication sometimes seen in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and often shows through a positive blood culture. However, there have been no reports of ADPKD patients whose cyst infection propagate to peritoneal fluid leading to positive peritoneal fluid culture. Case presentation: A 74-year-old Japanese man with ADPKD under peritoneal dialysis (PD) was presented with left flank pain, fever, and chills at our hospital. He did not show any symptoms or signs suggestive of peritonitis. There were no elevated cell counts or polymorphonuclear leucocytes in his PD fluid. There were some complicated cysts found in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. We clinically diagnosed him as having a renal cyst infection rather than PD-related peritonitis. We initiated treatment by administering ceftriaxone with an immediate favorable response. As the possibility of accompanying prostatitis still remained, we switched to intravenous levofloxacin on the second day. On the 10th day, Helicobacter cinaedi was detected in 2 sets of blood culture as well as in PD fluid. We switched back to ceftriaxone and this treatment was entirely successful. Conclusions: This is the first report of H cinaedi cyst infection which propagates to peritoneal fluid in a patient with ADPKD.
A cardiovascular risk score for hypertensive patients previously admitted to hospital
Authors: Martínez-Díaz Ana M , Palazón-Bru Antonio , Folgado-de la Rosa David M , Ramírez-Prado Dolores , Llópez-Espinós Patricia , Beneyto-Ripoll Concepción , Gil-Guillén Vicente F 
Published: April 2019

Background: Cardiovascular risk scales in hypertensive populations have limitations for clinical practice. Aims: To develop and internally validate a predictive model to estimate one-year cardiovascular risk for hypertensive patients admitted to hospital. Methods: Cohort study of 303 hypertensive patients admitted through the Emergency Department in a Spanish region in 2015–2017. The main variable was the onset of cardiovascular disease during follow-up. The secondary variables were: gender, age, educational level, family history of cardiovascular disease, Charlson score and its individual conditions, living alone, quality of life, smoking, blood pressure, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A Cox regression model was constructed to predict cardiovascular disease one year after admission. This was then adapted to a points system, externally validated by bootstrapping (discrimination and calibration) and implemented in a mobile application for Android. Results: A total of 93 patients developed cardiovascular disease (30.7%) over a mean period of 1.68 years. The predictors in the points system were: gender, age, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease and daily activity (quality of life). The internal validation by bootstrapping was satisfactory. Conclusion: A novel points system was developed to predict short-term cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients after hospital admission. External validation studies are needed to corroborate the results obtained.