bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific weight of barley grains is determined by traits affecting packing efficiency and by grain density
Authors: Hoyle Aaron , Brennan Maree , Jackson Gail , Hoad Steve 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpecific weight influences the market value of barley grain, and in malting barley a high specific weight is thought to result in an increased malt output. However, links between specific weight and malt output have not yet been established. We hypothesised that packing efficiency and grain density will each contribute to specific weight. These traits would have implications for the malting process, highlighting the need for understanding what grain traits contribute to specific weight, before we can predict its effect on malting performance and efficiency.RESULTSWe report that specific weight is a product of grain density and packing efficiency, in our study proportionally contributing 48.5% and 36.5% to variation in specific weight, respectively. We report that packing efficiency is determined by grain dimensions, and is negatively correlated with the sum of grain length and depth. Therefore shorter, thinner grains can result in an increased specific weight, which is likely to be detrimental for malting performance. We also demonstrate that among cultivars which have grains with contrasting size traits, the same specific weight can be achieved through differing grain densities.CONCLUSIONSOur results demonstrate that both grain dimensions and grain density must be considered jointly to optimise specific weight, and that the relationship between specific weight and malting performance and efficiency needs to be carefully considered with respect to how a high specific weight is achieved. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of a 33‐yr series of whole‐lake experiments: Effects of nutrients, grazers, and precipitation‐driven water color on chlorophyll
Authors: Carpenter Stephen R. , Pace Michael L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe conducted a 33‐yr series of whole‐lake experiments to measure ecosystem responses to food web structure and nutrient load, compare aquatic and terrestrial carbon flows to consumers, and evaluate indicators of ecosystem resilience. These manipulations showed that chlorophyll responded to nutrient loading and to grazing controlled by a trophic cascade. In this article, we synthesized experimental results using a new analysis of heretofore unrecognized variation in water color, measured as light absorbance at 440 nm. Long‐term data revealed fluctuations in precipitation that drive water color variation. We compared effects of nutrient loading, zooplankton biomass, zooplankton body size, and water color on chlorophyll. Water color was an important factor in the chlorophyll response. This driver of the chlorophyll response to manipulation was not resolved until decades of data were available. A long‐term context enriched insights from ecosystem experiments and exemplified the complementarity of experimental and long‐term approaches in limnology.
A compact low‐phase noise oscillator using π‐network and complimentary μ‐near zero metamaterial resonator
Authors: Yoon Ki‐Cheol , Ahn Seungyoung , Lee Jong‐Chul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this article, the X‐band low‐phase noise oscillator based on a μ‐near zero (MNZ) metamaterial resonator is presented. The MNZ resonator has small size and high loaded quality factor (QL) and the oscillator has low‐phase noise due to high‐QL. Also, the proposed resonator is composed of complimentary structure which consists of spur‐line and meander‐line. The measured QL of a new resonator is 213 at resonant frequency of 10 GHz and the output power and second harmonics suppression are 14.43 dBm and −30.65 dBc, respectively. The measurement result for phase noise is −101.71 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset.
Non‐touch detection of rhodamine B concentration in distilled water using fiber coupler based on displacement sensor
Authors: Samian  , Zaidan A. H. , Anggraeni M. P. , Yasin M. , Supadi  
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon‐touch detection of rhodamine B concentration in distilled water using fiber coupler and concave mirror (CM) successfully demonstrated. Based on displacement sensor, the concentration of rhodamine B is detected through the peak voltage value which is resulted from the displacement profile. Using the He‐Ne (543 nm) laser as the source, the fiber coupler as the sensor probe and CM with the curvature radius of 12 mm as the reflector as well as the sample container, the rhodamine B concentration can be detected in the range 0‐20 ppm and the resolution of 0.26 ppm.
Optical characterization of high and low resistive silicon samples suitable for reconfigurable antenna design
Authors: Ali Abdul , Topalli Kagan , Ramzan Mehrab , Khan Talha Masood , Altintas Ayhan , Colantonio Paolo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHighly resistive (HR) silicon (Si) can behave as a switch when illuminated by optical source of suitable wavelength. Different reconfigurable passive structures, such as filters, waveguides, and antennas, can be constructed using such silicon switches. This letter presents experimental characterization of high and low resistive (HR & LR) silicon for switching application. In the experiment, HR Si is modeled on a switched transmission line by halogen lamp and a laser source. The experiment of utilizing halogen lamp for Si switch characterization is cost‐effective and can assist engineers in designing reconfigurable antennas. In future, this experiment could be utilized in designing novel reconfigurable antennas.
Low‐cost multi‐layer parasitic patch antenna array for 79 GHz automotive radar applications
Authors: Mosalanejad Mohammad , Ocket Ilja , Soens Charlotte , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA parasitic patch antenna array based on a new multi‐layer PCB technology, called the Any‐Layer PCB technology, is presented. The antenna is designed for 77‐81 GHz MIMO radar systems, mainly for automotive applications. The designed antenna array is composed of 4 sub‐arrays. Each sub‐array is based on 2 parasitic patches which are excited by a feeding patch. With this feeding topology, the radiation pattern and gain of the proposed antenna are nearly constant across the whole 4 GHz bandwidth, which is a very attractive feature for radar designers. A prototype has been fabricated and measured. The gain and SLL are 10.22, and ‐14.11 dB at 79 GHz, respectively.
Novel flowchart design of frequency independent 180° phase shifters
Authors: Tebache Soufiane , Ghanem Farid , Belouchrani Adel , Mansoul Ali 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the design guidelines for frequency independent 180° phase shifters. The proposed configuration is based on microstrip slot transition technique. The frequency independence feature is due to comparing two quasi‐identical structures and the phase inversion (180°) is related to the chosen inverted orientation of the main line compared to the reference one. Moreover, two different schemes are designed and manufactured and a good simulation to measurement agreement is demonstrated. Thus, interesting results are obtained (more than 10 dB return loss, less than 2.1 dB insertion loss and less than ± 3.6° phase deviation).
MRI gadolinium dosing on basis of blood volume
Authors: Liu Chia‐Ying , Lai Shenghan , Lima João A.C. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeGadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) for MRI are generally administrated in direct relationship to body weight. Instead, we propose a model for GBCA dosing on the basis of blood volume. The new method was tested by exploring the associations between MRI T1 mapping indices and weight in the MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.MethodsEmpirically derived methods based on sex and body habitus were used to calculate blood volumes. GBCA dose (in mL) in blood (in L) was calculated as the injected volume divided by the blood volume (i.e., DBV). Of the 1219 participants with cardiac MRI T1 mapping, 845 studies had standard dose of 0.15 mmol/kg (cohort 1) and 166 studies had 30 mL of GBCA regardless of weight (cohort 2). We also created a specific cohort with similar DBV (N = 357; cohort 3).ResultsPostcontrast blood relaxation rate R1blood and DBV were significantly correlated (R = 0.641; P < 0.001). R1blood was significantly associated with weight in cohort 1 and 2, but the correlation coefficient was positive for cohort 1 and negative for cohort 2, indicating GBCA overdosing in cohort 1 and underdosing in cohort 2 in heavy relative to lean subjects. R1blood was not associated with weight in cohort 3. Simulated results demonstrated that less contrast should be administrated for heavy subjects compared to the conventional weight‐based dose.ConclusionGBCA dosing on the basis of blood volume could improve the efficacy and safety of contrast‐enhanced MRI studies. This method could be implemented to standardize dose and augment precision in study comparisons.
Nyquist ghost correction of breast diffusion weighted imaging using referenceless methods
Authors: McKay Jessica A. , Moeller Steen , Zhang Lei , Auerbach Edward J. , Nelson Michael T. , Bolan Patrick J. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeCorrection of Nyquist ghosts for single‐shot spin‐echo EPI using the standard 3‐line navigator often fails in breast DWI because of incomplete fat suppression, respiration, and greater B0 inhomogeneity. The purpose of this work is to compare the performance of the 3‐line navigator with 4 data‐driven methods termed “referenceless methods,” including 2 previously proposed in literature, 1 introduced in this work, and finally a combination of all 3, in breast DWI.MethodsBreast DWI was acquired for 41 patients with SS SE‐EPI. Raw data was corrected offline with the standard 3‐line navigator and 4 referenceless methods, which modeled the ghost as a linear phase error and minimized 3 unique cost functions as well as the median solution of all 3. Ghost levels were evaluated based on the signal intensity in the background region, defined by a mask auto‐generated from a T1‐weighted anatomical image. Ghost intensity measurements were fit to a linear mixed model including ghost correction method and b‐value as covariates.ResultsAll 4 referenceless methods outperformed the standard 3‐line navigator with statistical significance at all 4 b‐values tested (b = 0, 100, 600, and 800 s/mm2).ConclusionsReferenceless methods provide a robust way to reduce Nyquist ghosts in breast DWI without the need for any additional calibration scan.
Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Key Proteins in Corneal Samples from Lattice Dystrophy Patients with TGFBI‐H626R and TGFBI‐R124C Mutations
Authors: Venkatraman Anandalakshmi , Hochart Guillaume , Bonnel David , Stauber Jonathan , Shimmura Shigeto , Rajamani Lakshminaryanan , Pervushin Konstantin , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: November 2018

ScopeThe purpose of this study is to identify and visualize the spatial distribution of proteins present in amyloid corneal deposits of TGFBI‐CD patients using Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) and compare it with healthy control cornea. Corneal Dystrophies (CD) constitute a group of genetically inherited protein aggregation disorders that affects different layers of the cornea. With accumulated protein deposition, the cornea becomes opaque with decreased visual acuity. CD affecting the stroma and Bowman's membrane, is associated with mutations in transforming growth factor β‐induced (TGFBI) gene.MethodsMALDI‐Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) is performed on 2 patient corneas and is compared with 1 healthy control cornea using a 7T‐MALDI‐FTICR. Molecular images obtained are overlaid with congo‐red stained sections to visualize the proteins associated with the corneal amyloid aggregates.ResultsMALDI‐MSI provides a relative abundance and two dimensional spatial protein signature of key proteins (TGFBIp, Apolipoprotein A‐I, Apolipoprotein A‐IV, Apolipoprotein E, Kaliocin‐1, Pyruvate Kinase and Ras related protein Rab‐10) in the patient deposits compared to the control. This is the first report of the anatomical localization of key proteins on corneal tissue section from CD patients. This may provide insight in understanding the mechanism of amyloid fibril formation in TGFBI‐corneal dystrophy.
Facile Synthesis by Peroxide Method and Microwave‐Assisted Hydrothermal Treatment of TiO2 with High Photocatalytic Efficiency for Dye Degradation and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Garcia Ana Paula , Guaglianoni Waleska Campos , Garcia Danielle Rodrigues , Soares Luana Goés , de Oliveira Vaz Maurício , Teixeira Sérgio Ribeiro , Pereira Marcelo Barbalho , Basegio Tania Maria , Clemens Frank Jörg , Alves Annelise Kopp , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo , Bergmann Carlos Pérez 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNanostructured titanium dioxide with high photocatalytic efficiency was synthesised by the oxidant peroxide method and microwave‐assisted hydrothermal treatment without calcination or doping. The influence of pH during hydrothermal treatment was investigated on the morphology, crystallinity, phase composition, specific surface area, photoluminescence properties, and photocatalytic behaviour. The pH of the medium had no significant effect on the nanostructured titanium dioxide morphologies but at higher pH, the powders presented lower surface area and higher particle size. A slight decrease in the photoluminescence intensity of the sample prepared at low pH was related to surface protonation. This material also exhibited higher photocatalytic performance in degrading methyl orange solutions than those obtained at a higher pH or commercial TiO2. Aditionally, the hydrogen production rate increased with the solution pH following heat treatment, with optimized results in deionized water. Finally, the powders did not require either heat treatment or doping with another metal to achieve more activity than the commercially available oxide.
In Situ Constructing MoS2‐C Nanospheres as Advanced Anode for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Liu Lihuai , Shi Rongjia , Li Yanjuan , Wu Yufen , Ye Kun , Yan Xiao , Shi Yanhui , Cao Changsheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStriving for achievements of anode materials with excellent rate capability and long cycle life is a key to the commercial progress of sodium‐ion batteries. In the present work, we report a spherical MoS2‐C nanocomposite as anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with high‐performance. The active materials were prepared via an in situ solvothermal reaction, in which carbon and MoS2 were simultaneously formed in one pot using toluene, acetone and ethanol as solvents. SEM results show that the controlled morphology has relative to the solvents, and the thermal gravimetric (TG) and Raman spectrum results indicated that the carbon was in situ formed. The MoS2‐C nano‐spheres were applied for sodium ion batteries. The results illustrate that MoS2‐C harvested from ethanol demonstrates the best electrochemical performances with long cycling stability (430 mA h g−1 after 100th cycles at 0.2 A g−1) and high rate capability (248 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1). The superior properties of MoS2‐C nanocoposite benefits from several merits: (1) nanoscale size can short path of Na+ diffusion, enlarge electrode/electrolyte contact area, (2) sphere structure possesses good stress–strain relief during Na+ insertion/extraction reactions and consequently decreases huge volume variation, (3) the carbon in situ formed between MoS2 particles can improve the intrinsically poor electronic conductivity leading to higher rate capability. The novel MoS2‐C architectures provide a new avenue to fabricate carbon coupled with sulfides materials with excellent performances.
Methyl Red as Organocatalyst for Arylation of Unactivated Benzene Derivatives with Aryl Halides
Authors: Ghonchepour Ehsan , Islami Mohammad Reza , Tikdari Ahmad Momeni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransition‐metal‐free arylation of benzene derivatives with aryl halides using KOtBu and methyl red as an organocatalyst is described in this letter. This facile one‐pot reaction is reported as an unprecedented C−H functionalization protocol for the synthesis of biaryls. Several organic acids we tested and among them, methyl red was found to be the best catalyst for this cross‐coupling. This method was designed based on the principles of green chemistry due to avoiding the use of stoichiometric of reagents, any expensive and toxic transition‐metal catalysts. We believe this procedure will become an acceptable method and could be very well compared with known protocols for biphenyl cross coupling.
A Simple Colorimetric Method for Naked‐Eye Detection of Circulating Cell‐Free DNA Using Unlabelled Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Khanna Shweta , Padhan Prasanta , Das Sourav , Jaiswal Kumar Sagar , Tripathy Archana , Smita Shuchi , Tripathy Suraj K. , Raghav Sunil Kumar , Gupta Bhawna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGaining interests and expediency of precision medicine for various diseases has led to the search for non invasive techniques like liquid biopsies involving study of circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) for diagnostic as well as prognostic applications. Present study reports that cfDNA in plasma of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis are fragmented, modified and hence remain undetected using qPCR, the commonly used analytical assay. They are immunogenic to peripheral blood cells and stimulate them to secrete TNF‐α, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine making it imperative to detect cfDNA in patients for an effective therapeutic intervention. Hereby a non‐invasive colorimetric assay for naked eye discernment of cfDNA using gold nanoparticles is proposed which is potent in detecting long and short cfDNA fragments from small amount of blood, is inexpensive, label free, easy to perform and allows visual detection. This can be further explored to assess its diagnostic and prognostics implications in various human disorders.
Preferred C2−H Activation of Quinoline N‐Oxides Catalyzed by Palladium Acetate: DFT Study on the Plausible Mechanism and Regioselectivity
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jiang Bo , Zhou Jianguo , Yu Lu , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA density functional theory study on the multi‐path and multi‐step C−H activation of quinoline N‐oxides catalyzed by the dimeric complex Pd2(OAc)4 has been carried out to fully address the strong preference for C2−H activation observed experimentally. The plausible C−H activation mechanism was identified as the undirected mechanism rather than the coordination‐directed mechanism, because the former has lower free‐energy barriers than the latter. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of different C−H activation reactions have been calculated and compared. The preference for C2−H activation over C8−H activation should be a result of the kinetic discrimination, while that over the remaining C−H activation processes could be attributed to the thermodynamic spontaneity.
Water‐Assisted Emission Enhancement of 2‐Hydroxynaphthaldoxime and Related Compounds
Authors: Tarai Arup , Baruah Jubaraj B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe combined contributions from the excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer and aggregation‐induced emission in the photoluminescence of compounds namely 2‐hydroxynaphthaldoxime, 2‐methoxynaphthaldoxime, 2‐hydroxynaphthaldehyde and 1‐[(methylimino)methyl]naphthalen‐2‐ol were established. For such a purpose the changes in the fluorescence emission of these compounds in different solvents upon addition of water and from the fluorescence emission life‐time decay profiles were studied. 1H‐NMR titration of the 2‐hydroxynaphthaldoxime with D2O had provided clear evidence on the role of water molecules to disrupt the C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions in assembly of 2‐hydroxynaphthaldoxime to orient the aromatic naphthalene rings differently to enhance the fluorescence emissions. Dynamic light scattering studies and scanning electron micrographs had showed that there were differences between the types of aggregation present in solid state and in solution. In solution the average size of the aggregates of 2‐hydroxynaphthaldoxime were increased upon addition of water. 2‐Hydroxynaphthaldoxime formed well defined cocrystal with tetrabutylammonium chloride but the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide formed salt of 2‐hydroxynaphthaldoxime by deprotonating hydroxy‐group. Accordingly the fluorescence emission changes of 2‐hydroxynaphthaldoxime caused by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was different from the emission showed by the cocrystal with tetrabutylammonium chloride.
Sphere‐to‐Multipod Transmorphic Change of Nanoconfined Pt Electrocatalyst during Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Juchan , Kang Dongwoo , Jeon Yuju , Lee Jong Hoon , Jeong Hu Young , Shin Hyeon Suk , Song Hyun‐Kon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst/support system is designed to have Pt nanoparticles nanoconfined in a nanodimensionally limited space. Holey crumpled reduced graphene oxide plates (hCR‐rGO) are used as a carbon support for Pt loading. As expected from interparticular Pt‐to‐Pt distance of Pt‐loaded hCR‐rGO longer than that of Pt/C (Pt‐loaded carbon black as a practical Pt catalyst), the durability of ORR electroactivity along cycles is improved by replacing the widely used carbon black with hCR‐rGO. Unexpected morphological changes of Pt are electrochemically induced during repeated ORR processes. Spherical multifaceted Pt particles are evolved to {110}‐dominant dendritic multipods. Nanoconfinement of a limited number of Pt within a nanodimensionally limited space is responsible for the morphological changes. The improved durability observed from Pt‐loaded hCR‐rGO originates from 1) dendritic pod structure of Pt exposing more active sites to reactants and 2) highly ORR‐active Pt {110} planes dominant on the surface.
One‐Step Synthesis of NiMn‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Efficient for Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Liu Yuqian , Li Haobo , Zhang Man , Lu Yiran , Zhang Lin , Xiao Jianping , Boehm Frank , Yan Kai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are noble metal–free 2D materials promising for water oxidation. One‐step synthesis of ultrathin NiMn‐LDHs nanosheets is successfully achieved at room temperature avoiding the multiple tedious steps (e.g., hydrothermal treatment, exfoliation). The as‐prepared NiMn‐LDHs (1.3 nm thickness) exhibit the twofold enhancement of the activity and a reduction of overpotential by 80 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in comparison with the traditional NiMn‐LDHs in 0.1 m NaOH, which is superior to the previously reported LDH‐derived electrocatalysts. The combination of theoretical and experimental results manifest that the largely enhanced electrocatalytic water oxidation activity of NiMn‐LDHs nanosheets is associated with the highly exposed active sites with a nearly optimal intermediates (*OH and *O) adsorption energy.
Surface and Interface Chemistry in Colloidal Quantum Dots for Solar Applications Studied by X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Clark Pip C. J. , Flavell Wendy R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractControl of the surface and interface chemistry of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) is critical to achieving a product with good air stability and high performing optoelectronic devices. Through various surface passivation treatments, vast improvements have been made in fields such as CQD photovoltaics; however devices have not currently reached commercial standards. We show how X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can provide a better understanding of exactly how surface treatments act on CQD surfaces, and the effect of surface composition on air stability and device performance.. We illustrate this with PbS‐based CQDs, using XPS to measure oxidation processes, and to quantify the composition of the topmost surface layer after different surface treatments. We also demonstrate the use of synchrotron radiation‐excited depth‐profiling XPS, a powerful technique for determining the surface composition, chemistry and structure of CQDs. This review describes our recent progress in characterization of CQD surfaces using SR‐excited depth profiling XPS and other photoemission techniques.