bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction and prevention of small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates: evidence from SPREE and ASPRE
Authors: Tan M. Y. , Poon L. C. , Rolnik D. L. , Syngelaki A. , de Paco Matallana C. , Akolekar R. , Cicero S. , Janga D. , Singh M. , Molina F. S. , Persico N. , Jani J. C. , Plasencia W. , Greco E. , Papaioannou G. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the effect of first‐trimester screening for pre‐eclampsia (PE) on the prediction of delivering a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate and the effect of prophylactic use of aspirin on the prevention of SGA.MethodsThe data for this study were derived from two multicenter studies. In SPREE, we investigated the performance of screening for PE by a combination of maternal characteristics and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks' gestation. In ASPRE, women with a singleton pregnancy identified by combined screening as being at high risk for preterm PE (> 1 in 100) participated in a trial of aspirin (150 mg/day from 11–14 until 36 weeks' gestation) compared to placebo. In this study, we used the data from the ASPRE trial to estimate the effect of aspirin on the incidence of SGA with birth weight < 10th, < 5th and < 3rd percentile for gestational age. We also used the data from SPREE to estimate the proportion of SGA in the pregnancies with a risk for preterm PE of > 1 in 100.ResultsIn SPREE, screening for preterm PE by a combination of maternal factors, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and serum placental growth factor identified a high‐risk group that contained about 46% of SGA neonates < 10th percentile born at < 37 weeks' gestation (preterm) and 56% of those born at < 32 weeks (early); the overall screen‐positive rate was 12.2% (2014 of 16 451 pregnancies). In the ASPRE trial, use of aspirin reduced the overall incidence of SGA < 10th percentile by about 40% in babies born at < 37 weeks' gestation and by about 70% in babies born at < 32 weeks; in babies born at ≥ 37 weeks, aspirin did not have a significant effect on incidence of SGA. The aspirin‐related decrease in incidence of SGA was mainly due to its incidence decreasing in pregnancies with PE, for which the decrease was about 70% in babies born at < 37 weeks' gestation and about 90% in babies born at < 32 weeks. On the basis of these results, it was estimated that first‐trimester screening for preterm PE and use of aspirin in the high‐risk group would potentially reduce the incidence of preterm and early SGA by about 20% and 40%, respectively.ConclusionFirst‐trimester screening for PE by the combined test identifies a high proportion of cases of preterm SGA that can be prevented by the prophylactic use of aspirin. © 2018 Crown copyright. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology © 2018 ISUOG.
The Role of Particle Size, Ballast, Temperature, and Oxygen in the Sinking Flux to the Deep Sea
Authors: Cram Jacob A. , Weber Thomas , Leung Shirley W. , McDonnell Andrew M. P. , Liang Jun‐Hong , Deutsch Curtis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe “transfer efficiency” of organic particles from the surface to depth is a critical determinant of ocean carbon sequestration. Recently, direct observations and geochemical analyses have revealed a systematic geographical pattern of transfer efficiency, which is highest in high latitude regions and lowest in the subtropical gyres. We evaluate the possible causes of this pattern using a mechanistic model of sinking particle dynamics. The model represents the size distribution of particles, the effects of mineral ballast, seawater temperature (which influences both particle settling velocity and microbial metabolic rates), and O2. Parameters are optimized within reasonable ranges to best match the observational constraints. Our model shows that no single factor can explain the observed pattern of transfer efficiency, but the biological effect of temperature on remineralization rate and particle size effects together can reproduce most of the regional variability with both factors contributing to low transfer efficiency in the subtropical gyres and high transfer efficiency in high latitudes. Particle density from mineral ballast has a similar directional effect to temperature and size but plays a substantially smaller role in our optimum solution, due to the opposing patterns of silicate and calcium carbonate ballasting. Oxygen effects modestly improved model fit by depressing remineralization rates and thus increasing transfer efficiency in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Our model implies that climate‐driven changes to upper ocean temperature and associated changes in surface plankton size distribution would reduce the carbon sequestration efficiency in a warmer ocean.
Tectonic Topography Changes in Cenozoic East Asia: A Landscape Erosion‐Sediment Archive in the South China Sea
Authors: Yan Yi , Yao Deng , Tian Zhi‐Xian , Huang Chi‐Yue , Dilek Yildirim , Clift Peter D. , Li Zi‐An 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mode and tempo of Cenozoic fluvial input into the South China Sea by Asian rivers were strongly controlled by tectonically induced topographic changes and landscape development that resulted in repeated river captures and reversals. New Nd isotope and U‐Pb detrital zircon data from clastic sedimentary sequences in the northern South China Sea display secular variations reflecting significant changes in the compositions of fluvial sediment as well as changes in source rocks. The oldest, Eocene‐Oligocene (before ∼25 Ma) clastic rocks of the South China Sea contain sediments withɛNdvalues of −5 to −7.5 and detrital zircons of Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Permo‐Triassic, all derived from southern Cathaysia. The Oligocene‐Middle Miocene (∼25–11 Ma) sediments in the South China Sea strata displayɛNdvalues of −12 to −14 and Archean, Proterozoic, and Paleozoic detrital zircons, suggesting northern Cathaysia and/or the Yangtze Blocks as their provenance. The headward expansion of the Pearl River and reversal of the Middle Yangtze River correlates with the opening of the South China Sea and growth of the eastern Tibetan Plateau at ∼25 Ma. Further uplift of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Wuyi‐Nanling Mountains in SE China around 11 Ma reshaped the landscape and caused another phase of erosion—pattern adjustment and drainage—divide migration in East Asia, leading to the establishment of the modern fluvial systems of the Pearl, Minjiang, and Lower Yangtze Rivers.
Late Pliocene Marine pCO2 Reconstructions From the Subarctic Pacific Ocean
Authors: Swann George E. A. , Kendrick Christopher P. , Dickson Alexander J. , Worne Savannah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe development of large ice sheets across the Northern Hemisphere during the late Pliocene and the emergence of the glacial‐interglacial cycles that punctuate the Quaternary mark a significant threshold in Earth's climate history. Although a number of different mechanisms have been proposed to initiate this cooling and the onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation, reductions in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 likely played a key role. The emergence of a stratified (halocline) water column in the subarctic northwest Pacific Ocean at 2.73 Ma has often been interpreted as an event which would have limited oceanic ventilation of CO2 to the atmosphere, thereby helping to cool the global climate system. Here diatom carbon isotopes (δ13Cdiatom) are used to reconstruct changes in regional carbon dynamics through this interval. Results show that the development of a salinity stratification did not fundamentally alter the net oceanic/atmospheric flux of CO2 in the subarctic northwest Pacific Ocean through the late Pliocene/early Quaternary. These results provide further insights into the long‐term controls on global carbon cycling and the role of the subarctic Pacific Ocean in instigating global climatic changes.
Geophysical Measurements to Determine the Hydrologic Partitioning of Snowmelt on a Snow‐Dominated Subalpine Hillslope
Authors: Thayer Drew , Parsekian Andrew D. , Hyde Kevin , Speckman Heather , Beverly Dan , Ewers Brent , Covalt Matt , Fantello Nadia , Kelleners Thijs , Ohara Noriaki , Rogers Trent , Holbrook W. Steven 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn subalpine watersheds of the intermountain western United States, snowpack melt is the dominant water input to the hydrologic system. The primary focus of this work is to understand the partitioning of water from the snowpack during the snowmelt period and through the remainder of the growing season. We conducted a time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) study in conjunction with a water budget analysis to track water from the snow‐on through snow‐off season (May–August 2015). Seismic velocities provided an estimate of regolith thickness while transpiration measurements from sap flow in conifer trees provided insight into root water uptake. We observed four hydrologic process‐periods and found that deep flow and tree water fluxes are the primary pathways through which water moves off of the hillslope. Overland flow and interflow were negligible. We observed temporal changes in vadose zone water content more than 3.0 m below the surface. Our results show that vertical flow through the thin soil mantle overlaying coarse colluvial regolith was the primary pathway to a local unconfined aquifer.
Chemical Fluxes From a Recently Erupted Shallow Submarine Volcano on the Mariana Arc
Authors: Buck Nathaniel J. , Resing Joseph A. , Baker Edward T. , Lupton John E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHydrothermal discharge from submarine arc volcanoes is thought to be an important contributor to global hydrothermal budgets, but quantitative flux measurements are scarce. Ahyi Seamount, a shallow (<100 m) submarine intraoceanic arc volcano located in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, erupted in May 2014. In May and December 2014, we sampled the hydrothermal plume created by the eruption and estimated chemical fluxes from Ahyi by combining shipboard hull‐mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profile current vector measurements with continuous and discrete Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) data. Towed CTD sections were conducted perpendicular to the mean current direction: a sampling strategy that optimized chemical flux calculations by reducing complexities introduced by temporal variability in the speed and direction of plume dispersion. The Ahyi plume had an elevated optical backscatter signal accompanied by evidence of reduced chemical species and a lowered pH. We found enriched concentrations of H2, 3He, CH4, particulate S, Mn, and Fe, observations consistent with a highly active hydrothermal system. The fluxes of magmatic 3He and Fe from Ahyi were similar to that measured at three slow‐spreading ridge‐crest sites, whereas CH4 and Mn were 100–1,000 times lower. This is the first study to constrain export fluxes of a shallow submarine arc volcano into the euphotic zone. However, our data were collected soon after an eruption and thus may not be fully representative of the longer‐term chemical inputs from Ahyi.
25.78 Gbit/s data transmission over 2 km multi‐mode‐fibre with 850 and 910 nm single‐mode VCSELs and a commercial quad small form‐factor pluggable transceiver
Authors: Ledentsov N. , Agustin M. , Chorchos L. , Ledentsov N. N. , Turkiewicz J. P. 
Published: April 2018

Dispersion in the multimode fibres (MMF) limits the transmission distance of the modern data communication networks. The authors show that the use of single‐mode (SM) vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) in combination with the receiver module of a commercially available transceiver can increase the transmission distance to several kilometres. They report 25.78 Gbit/s error‐free transmission over 1800 m of multimode fibre with 850 nm and 1400 m with 910 nm SM VCSELs. Data transmission up to 2600 and 2400 m can be achieved with BER below 3.8×10−3 forward error correction limit accordingly. The use of multiple wavelengths demonstrates the opportunity to increase the capacity of MMF links with shortwave wavelength division multiplexing.
Predicting the future location of cars on urban street network by chaining spatial web services
Authors: Hazeghi Aghdam Arash , Alesheikh Ali Asghar 
Published: April 2018

The use of web services for analysing and visualising maps has received great attention recently, because the complicated analysis of spatial data requires different processes to be run consecutively. Predicting the future location of a vehicle on a street network is one of the most challenging analyses used for improving context‐aware location‐based services, intelligent transportation systems and criminology. In this research, the authors present a new short‐term prediction algorithm and explore the required analyses and web services. They present an appropriate method for chaining these web services to predict location(s). To assess their methodology, they developed a prototype system and tested for trajectories in Beijing. This system calculates the prediction time for a specified car to show the predicted future location in the street network. Their results showed that the average transferred data volume increases as the prediction period increases. The results also showed that the prediction algorithm has 75% accuracy at 1 min and 87.5% accuracy at 2 and 3 min. The implemented chaining method reduces the complexity of the location prediction algorithm for users because they do not need to know the processes. The outputs from this system can be used as input parameters for other web‐based applications.
Synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4)–Avastin nanocomposite as a potential drug for AMD treatment
Authors: Zargarzadeh Mehrzad , MadaahHosseini Hamid Reza , Delavari Hamid , Irajirad Rasoul , Aghaie Ermia 
Published: April 2018

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the prevailing causes of blindness in the aged over 50 years. There are several conventional treatments for AMD including laser therapy, surgery, and intravitreal injection of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor directly into the eye. Intravitreal injection may result in various side effects such as increasing the eye pressure, eye infections, blurring vision; furthermore, it can negatively affect other body organs. In addition, large number of injections would be required to regenerate the lost vision. To overcome some of these obstacles, the work proposes a new drug delivery technique by using Avastin–Fe3O4 nanocomposites synthesised through co‐precipitation method with approximate size of 20 nm. The saturation magnetisation (Ms) of the synthesised iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) was about 55.6648 emu/g which is completely suitable for movement of the (Avastin–Fe3O4) NPs. Besides, the results of the flow cytometry tests showed that 90.5% of NPs were Avastin loaded. The proposed new method can be replaced with conventional treatments as the long‐term sustained release of Avastin instead of several injections as well as declining the systemic side effects due to the high concentration of Avastin in the posterior segment of the eye.
Gram + ve bacterium Staphylococcus aureus: a potential source for the green biosynthesis of monodispersed, smaller selenium nanoparticles
Authors: Kora Aruna Jyothi 
Published: April 2018

In the current communication, an effort has been made to utilise Gram + ve bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, as a potential, renewable source for the green biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles. The time‐dependent bacterial biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles was studied at different selenite concentrations. The green synthesised nanoparticles were probed with ultraviolet–visible spectra, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterisation tools. The strain produced red coloured, protein capped, amorphous, nearly monodispersed spherical nanoparticles of 3.6 nm size. This is the first report, in which the smallest selenium nanoparticles with the narrow size distribution of 2.8–4.7 nm were biosynthesised by the bacteria. Thus, paving a way for the commercial production of size‐controlled smaller, selenium nanoparticles.
3D multilayered Bi4O5Br2 nanoshells displaying excellent visible light photocatalytic degradation behaviour for resorcinol
Authors: Hu Hanmei , Xu Juanjuan , Deng Chonghai , Wang Man , Zhou Xiaoyu , Le Huirong 
Published: April 2018

High‐ordered three‐dimensional multilayered Bi4O5Br2 nanoshells have been fabricated successfully via a green ultrasound‐assisted anion exchange reaction followed by a calcination treatment approach. The products are characterised by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results reveal that ternary Bi4O5Br2 nanoshells possess a pure monoclinic phase with the average thickness of ca. 12 nm, and the walls are of 10–12 layers constructed by nanograins with 10 nm in size. The specific surface is measured to be 36.18 m2 g‐1 and the band gap energy Eg value is calculated to be 2.52 eV. The possible formation process for Bi4O5Br2 nanoshells is simply proposed. According to the photocatalytic degradation for resorcinol under visible light irradiation, the as‐prepared Bi4O5Br2 nanoshells exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, which is not only far beyond the degradation rate of BiOBr precursor nanosheets but also superior to that of other reported Bi4O5Br2 architectures, suggesting a practical application for the treatment of organic pollutants.
Electrochemical etching of lightweight nanotips for high quality‐factor quartz tuning fork force sensor: atomic force microscopy applications
Authors: Hussain Danish , Song Jianmin , Zhang Hao , Meng Xianghe , Xie Hui 
Published: April 2018

Commercially available quartz tuning forks (QTFs) can be transformed into self‐sensing and actuating force sensors by micro‐assembling a sharp tip on the apex of a tine. Mass of the tip is critical in determining the quality (Q)‐factor of the sensor, therefore, fabrication of the lightweight nanotips is a precondition for high Q‐factor QTF sensors. The work reports fabrication of very lightweight tungsten nanotips with a two‐step electrochemical etching technique which can be used to develop high Q‐factor QTF force sensor. First, a tungsten wire with protective coating at one end (1–2 mm) is etched with a trapezoidal waveform to form a lengthy (∼2–5 mm) and slender (diameter ∼10–40 μm) micro‐needle. In the second step, sharp tip apex is fabricated with a direct current etching. High Q‐factor (6600–8000) QTF force sensors have been developed with the fabricated nanotips. Atomic force microscope scanning of nano‐grating and a triblock copolymer surface validates the scanning performance of the developed sensors.
Cost‐effective chemical solution synthesis of bismuth telluride nanostructure for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Mamur Hayati , Dilmac Omer Faruk , Korucu Haluk , Bhuiyan Mohammad Ruhul Amin 
Published: April 2018

In this work, the bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanostructure for thermoelectric applications was successfully synthesised by a new cost‐effective chemical solution process. Firstly, the metal solutions of bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate and tellurium dioxide were mixed together at room temperature with adjusting the hydrodynamic atmosphere and introduced the sodium hydroxide. After that, different characterisation parameters, such as X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray, and transverse electron microscopy (TEM) were obtained. Then, the average crystalline size of the Bi2Te3 nanostructure was found 23 nm. According to these obtained results, the materials consist of every specimen in nano range dimension in AFM studies. The elemental of Bi and Te were arranged with their quite stoichiometric atomic ratio observed by SEM. Ultimately, the TEM micrographs showed that the powders exhibited an aggregate phenomenon, and the primary crystalline size was about low dimension.
Fabrication and characterisation of new type of magnetic nanoanion exchanger particles for enteric losartan potassium delivery
Authors: Amareh Nazanin , Ahmad Panahi Homayon , Moeinpour Farid 
Published: April 2018

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesised and grafted with polymer containing brilliant cresyl blue for the exchange of losartan potassium. The resulted polymeric nanoparticles were characterised with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of the exchange parameters such as sample pH, temperature and contact time on sorption of losartan potassium were investigated. The sorption capacity of the functionalised sorbent was 19.4 mg g−1. The equilibrium adsorption data of losartan potassium on modified nanoparticles were analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Redlich–Peterson equations. Nearly, 74% of losartan potassium was released in simulated gastric fluid of pH 1.2 in 15 h and 50% in simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 in 30 h. These results have shown the utility of losartan potassium loaded–modified MNPs for enteric drug delivery.
From Autotransplantation to Allotransplantation: A Perspective on the Future of Reconstructive Microsurgery
Authors: Levin L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt has been half a century since Susumu Tamai reported on the first thumb replantation. The evolution of reconstructive microsurgery has continually added new applications of the operating microscope for reconstructive surgery and has had profound impact on countless patients. From the time of Harold Gillies until today, the reconstructive ladder has evolved to a reconstructive elevator with the “penthouse” floor being represented by vascularized composite allotransplantation.
Effects of Transfusion on Free Flap Survival: Searching for an Optimal Hemoglobin Threshold for Transfusion
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Woo Kyong-Je , Kang So Ra , Park Bo Young 
Published: April 2018

Background Microsurgical free tissue transfer is a popular technique nowadays. Because of its considerably exquisite procedure, various risk factors can affect surgical outcome. However, current key practices, especially those in blood transfusion, are in contention due to the lack of enough evidence. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of perioperative blood transfusion on microsurgical complication.
Methods Data of a total of 168 patients who underwent microvascular free tissue transfer from 2013 through 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, comorbidity, anatomical surgical site, preoperative and postoperative lowest hemoglobin (Hb) level, estimated blood volume loss, and final clinical flap outcome were compared between patients with and without transfusion treatment. Factors with a significance of p < 0.05 in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors.
Results Of 168 patients, 72 (43%) were in the transfusion group. Cross analysis statistics showed that flap failure in the transfusion group was 3.6 times higher (p = 0.018) than that in the control group. Multivariable analysis revealed that age (p = 0.083) and perioperative lowest Hb level (p = 0.021) remained as significant predictors of flap failure. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the appropriate lower limit of transfusion commencement of Hb was 8.75 g/dL (area under the curve: 0.721).
Conclusion A transfusion during perioperative period of free flap did not increase its failure rate. Rather than appropriate transfusion strategy, perioperative lowest Hb level, and age were significant predictors of flap failure. Therefore, transfusion can be confidently used in patients who undergo free flap without any hesitation. Results of this study provide practical evidence of performing perioperative transfusion for free tissue transfer patients.