bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mite load predicts the quality of sexual color and locomotor performance in a sexually dichromatic lizard
Authors: Orton Richard W. , Kinsey Chase T. , McBrayer Lance D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince Darwin, the maintenance of bright sexual colors has recurrently been linked to mate preference. However, the mechanisms underpinning such preferences for bright colors would not be resolved for another century. Likely, the idea of selection for colors that could decrease the chances of survival (e.g., flashy colors that can inadvertently attract predators) was perceived as counterintuitive. It is now widely accepted that these extreme colors often communicate to mates the ability to survive despite a “handicap” and act as honest signals of individual quality when they are correlated with the quality of other traits that are directly linked to individual fitness. Sexual colors in males are frequently perceived as indicators of infection resistance, in particular. Still, there remains considerable discord among studies attempting to parse the relationships between the variables associating sexual color and infection resistance, such as habitat type and body size. This discord may arise from complex interactions between these variables. Here, we ask if sexual color in male Florida scrub lizards (Sceloporus woodi) is an honest signal of resistance to chigger mite infection. To this end, we use linear modeling to explore relationships between mite load, different components of sexual color, ecological performance, body size, and habitat type. Our data show that that the brightness of sexual color in scrub lizards is negatively associated with the interaction between mite load and body size, and scrub lizards suffer decreased endurance capacity with increases in mite load. Our data also indicate that mite load, performance, and sexual color in male scrub lizards can vary between habitat types. Collectively, these results suggest that sexual color in scrub lizards is an honest indicator of individual quality and further underscore the importance of considering multiple factors when testing hypotheses related to the maintenance of sexual color.
How do we distinguish termite stone lines from artefact horizons? A challenge for geoarchaeology in tropical Australia
Authors: Smith M. A. , Ward Ingrid , Moffat Ian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCan we distinguish stone lines created by termite bioturbation from genuine artefact horizons? This is a challenge for field archaeology and geoarchaeology in northern Australia, where termites are abundant. We review published data to (a) present a model of the evolution of stone lines and (b) develop guidelines for recognizing these bioturbation products in archaeological contexts. In case studies, we examine Madjedbebe and Nauwalabila, two sites in northern Australia. The early occupation levels at these sites are pivotal to ideas about initial human occupation of the Australian landmass but there are claims these are unrecognized stone lines. Our assessment is that neither Madjedbebe nor Nauwalabila contain termite stone lines, although both sites may have complex geomorphic and taphonomic histories.
Disability, Technology, and Flourishing
Authors: Parens Erik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBecause people with disabilities live in a world not built for them, they are often the first to experiment with new technologies and are often expert in making choices about when to use them. People with disabilities face the question that all human beings increasingly face: to what extent will a given technology promote or thwart my flourishing? More generally, and at least as importantly, what does “flourishing” mean, and how can people use technologies to promote it? To address those questions, we will build six public conversations around an activity that can be essential for flourishing: communicating, navigating, belonging, expressing, curing, and procreating. Each event will feature three persons who live with a disability or are the parents of someone who does.
Admiring Dan's Creation
Authors: Parens Erik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDan Callahan never tired of probing the fundamental ethical question that Socrates asked, “How should we live?” The investigation animated him. He asked, Can we, for a moment, set aside our preoccupation with better health and a longer life and think together about what we want those things for ? Can we explore what a good life consists in?It turned out there was no better alibi for asking that fundamental question than taking up the seemingly more manageable ones that were arising in the context of emerging medicine, science, and technology. When one asked about who should be born, or how we should die, or how we should prioritize investments in the myriad institutions that help to promote human well‐being, the question concerning what we mean by a good life was always and palpably present.
Callahanian Bioethics
Authors: Earp Brian D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor someone with an outsized influence on a field he helped to create, Dan Callahan was anything but overbearing. Physically compact, thin, and wiry in older age, he spoke at the rapid speed of his mind. Soon after I met him—when I was on the cusp of what would become a year‐long residency at The Hastings Center—I found myself seated in his decidedly quaint living room. Dan told a story that evening, one of many that has stuck in my head. It seemed to encapsulate his moral mindset and, in a way, his broader vision for bioethics. I am sure he has told the story many times to many people, but here it is as I recall it.
Dan Callahan's Press Clips
Authors: Gilbert Susan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor more than eleven years, I worked with Dan Callahan as an editor, a liaison with journalists, and a sounding board for ideas. To Dan, every new writing project was a thrill, whether it was for the New Republic or a blog. He consumed a wide range of professional and scholarly literature, followed the news with the eye of a reporter, and called experts when he wanted to learn more about something he had read. The result was a volcanic bubbling of story ideas. If he didn't turn them into articles or books, I sometimes had the feeling that he might burst.
Developing, Administering, and Scoring the Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certification Examination
Authors: Bruce Courtenay R. , Feudtner Chris , Davis Daniel , Benner Mary Beth ,   Felicia Cohn for the Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certification Commission
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn November 2018, the practice of health care ethics consultation crossed a major threshold when 138 candidates took the inaugural Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certification Examination. This accomplishment, long in the making, has had and continues to have both advocates and critics. The Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certification Commission, a functionally autonomous body created and funded by the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, was charged with overseeing creation of the certification process, developing the exam, and formulating certification standards and policies to assess candidates’ qualifications. In this essay, as members of the commission, we describe the process of developing, administering, and scoring the certification examination as well as the historical context and the outlook for certification. By detailing the decisions and actions of the commission, we aim to provide a transparent account of the commission's efforts to develop a psychometrically sound, reliable, and secure examination through a deliberative, fair, and data‐driven process.
The Moral Status of Human‐Animal Chimeras with Human Brain Cells
Authors: Tannenbaum Julie A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile there is not unanimity (across time or cultures), almost all who read this commentary will think that both they and a toddler have a moral status higher than that of a rat. For instance, they will think that a third party who has to choose whom to save from death should choose them over the rat, and the toddler over the rat. But what is it about humans that gives us this greater moral status? This question is particularly pressing when considering that scientists have begun creating human‐animal chimeras with brains composed partly or wholly of human cells. In “Human‐Animal Chimeras: The Moral Insignificance of Uniquely Human Capacities,” Julian Koplin focuses on the moral implications of such experiments and those that use (or plan to use) these chimeras to study diseases and treatments. How should we understand the concerns about moral status that have been raised about such chimeras? In this commentary, I interpret these concerns differently from Koplin and respond to his suggestion that the greater one's ability to draw value from certain kinds of conscious experiences, the greater one's moral status.
What Medical Students Teach: The Healing Skill of Being a Team Player
Authors: Chen Donna , Shepherd Lois , Muse Eleanor , Johnston Alika 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe question, what makes a clinician a healer? may evoke the image of a devoted physician paying a critically important home visit at the end of a long day or the image of an astute nurse—steadfast, empathic, anticipating the patient's needs before they become apparent to others. But health care is no longer provided by lone doctors or nurses. In the modern health care system, multiple professionals must work together to provide safe and effective care. The moral nature of healing has not changed. But what is required of clinicians to facilitate healing has. To be a healer today, a clinician must be a good team player. Medical students have opened our eyes to this new reality. Building on their observations, we articulate a view that, over and above the role of teamwork in providing technically appropriate care and preventing errors, health care requires teamwork to promote healing. Being a good team player is now a moral imperative because it makes an essential contribution to healing.
Neutral effects of turbidity across a gradient of vegetation density on the predation of juvenile mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Tanglin , Hicks Brendan J. , Zhang Chaowen , Li Zhongjie , Liu Jiashou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMandarin fishSiniperca chuatsiis a widespread piscivorous species in lakes of the Yangtze River basin. However, their wild population has drastically declined, and survival and growth rates of stocked populations are low. Anthropogenic activities have reduced submersed vegetation and increased turbidity in lakes containingS. chuatsi, thus, we hypothesize that reduced submersed vegetation and increased turbidity could inhibit the feeding efficiency of juvenileS. chuatsi, subsequently reducing their growth and survival. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally examined the effects of a range of vegetation density and turbidity on predation ofS. chuatsi. Laboratory predation trials were performed with a common prey fishCarassius auratusoffered simultaneously toS. chuatsiin clear or turbid water under five different levels of vegetation density (0, 20, 40, 80, and 120 stems/m2). The total prey consumption per day (in 24 hr) byS. chuatsionC. auratuswas significantly affected by vegetation density, with the consumption positively linearly related with increased vegetation density. The total prey consumption was unaffected by turbidity. Prey size selection was not significantly influenced by vegetation density or turbidity. These results indicate that turbidity does not appear to negatively affect the predation ofS. chuatsi, but a reduction of vegetation can negatively influence feeding induced by decreased predation efficiency, and hence might hinder survival and growth.
GATA factors in pancreas development and disease
Authors: Villamayor Laura , Cano David A. , Rojas Anabel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutics options for diabetic patients given the high prevalence of diabetes worldwide and that, currently, there is no cure for this disease. The transplantation of pancreatic islets that contain insulin‐producing cells is a promising therapeutic alternative, particularly for type 1 diabetes. However, the shortage of organ donors constitutes a major limitation for this approach; thus, developing alternative sources of insulin‐producing cells is of critical importance. In the last decade, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling embryonic pancreas development has significantly advanced. More importantly, this knowledge has provided the basis for the in vitro generation of insulin‐producing cells from stem cells. Recent studies have revealed that GATA transcription factors are involved in various stages of pancreas formation and in the adult ß cell function. Here, we review the fundamental role of GATA transcription factors in pancreas morphogenesis and their association with congenital diseases associated with pancreas.
Association of human serum paraoxonase‐1 with some respiratory drugs
Authors: Gökçe Başak , Sarıoğlu Nurhan , Gençer Nahit , Arslan Oktay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of certain respiratory drugs, which are mainly used on human serum paraoxonase‐1 (hPON1; EC 3.1.8.1). hPON1 was purified from human serum, with 354.91 fold and 45% yield by using two simple step procedures including, first, ammonium sulfate precipitation, then, Sepharose‐4B‐l‐tyrosine‐1‐naphthylamine hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single protein band belonging to hPON1 with 43 kDa. All the pharmaceutical compounds inhibited the PON1 enzyme highly at the micromolar level. The obtained IC50 values for nine different pharmaceutics ranged from 0.219 μM (salbutamol sulfate) to 67.205 μM (montelukast sodium). So, all drugs could be considered as potent hPON1 inhibitors. Ki values and inhibition types were determined by Lineweaver‐Burk graphs. While varenicline tartrate and moxifloxacin hydrochloride inhibited the enzyme in a noncompetitive manner, others inhibited it in a mixed manner.
miR125a attenuates BMSCs apoptosis via the MAPK‐ERK pathways in the setting of craniofacial defect reconstruction
Authors: Fan Longkun , Wang Jingxian , Ma Chao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)‐based regenerative therapy is critical for the craniofacial defect reconstruction. However, oxidative stress microenvironment after transplantation limits the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC. The miR‐181c has been found to be associated with cell survival and proliferation. Herein, we investigated whether prior miR‐181c treatment promoted BMSC proliferation and survival under oxidative stress injury. The results in our study demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment reduced BMSC viability and this effect could be reversed via additional supplementation of miR181‐c. Mechanistically, oxidative stress increased cell apoptosis, augmented caspase‐3 activity, promoted reactive oxygen species synthesis, impaired mitochondrial potential, and induced mitochondrial dynamics imbalance. However, miR‐181c pretreatment reversed these effects of oxidative stress on BMSC. Moreover, miR‐181c treatment improved BMSC proliferation, migration and paracrine, which are very important for craniofacial reconstruction. In addition, we identified that AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)–mitofusins‐1 (Mfn1) axis was the direct targets of miR‐181c in BMSC. Mfn1 silencing impaired the protective effects miR‐181c on BMSC viability and proliferation under oxidative stress environment. Collectively, our results indicate that miR‐181c participates in oxidative stress‐mediated BMSC damage by modulating the AMPK–Mfn1 signaling pathway, suggesting miR‐181c–AMPK–Mfn1 axis may serves as novel therapeutic targets to facilitate craniofacial defect reconstruction.
Modulatory effects of statins on the autophagy: A therapeutic perspective
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Ahmadi Zahra , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutophagy is considered as an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis and responsible for the degradation of superfluous or potentially toxic components and organelles. Autophagy impairment is associated with a number of pathological conditions, such as aging, neurological disorders, cancer, and infection. Autophagy also plays a significant role in cancer chemotherapy. The multiple cancer drugs have been notably developed with the strategy of autophagy modulation. Statins, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA inhibitors, are known due to their efficacy in decreasing low‐density lipoprotein and extensively used for the management of cardiovascular diseases. Statins have other therapeutic and biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective known as pleiotropic effects. It seems that statins are capable of targeting various signaling pathways in the induction of their great pharmacological effects. At the present study, we demonstrate the therapeutic effects of statins mediated via autophagy regulation.
Cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of a novel nano‐toxin formulation based on biologically synthesized silver nanoparticle loaded with recombinant truncated pseudomonas exotoxin A
Authors: Gholami Navid , Cohan Reza Ahangari , Razavi Alireza , Bigdeli Razieh , Dashbolaghi Aziz , Asgary Vahid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBacterial toxins have received a great deal of attention in the development of antitumor agents. Currently, these protein toxins were used in the immunotoxins as a cancer therapy strategy. Despite the successful use of immunotoxins, immunotherapy strategies are still expensive and limited to hematologic malignancies. In the current study, for the first time, a nano‐toxin comprised of truncated pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38) loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared and their cytotoxicity effect was investigated on human breast cancer cells. The PE38 protein was cloned into pET28a and expressed in Escherichia coli, BL21 (DE3), and purified using metal affinity chromatography and was analyzed by 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AgNPs were biologically prepared using cell‐free supernatant of E. Coli K12 strain. Nanoparticle formation was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The PE38 protein was loaded on AgNPs and prepared the PE38‐AgNPs nano‐toxin. Additionally, in vitro release indicated a partial slow release of toxin in about 100 hr. The nano‐toxin exhibited dose‐dependent cytotoxicity on MCF‐7 cells. Also, real‐time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated the ability of nano‐toxin to upregulate Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and caspase‐3, ‐8, ‐9, and P53 apoptotic genes in the MCF‐7 tumor cells. Apoptosis induction was determined by Annexin‐V/propidium flow cytometry and caspases activity assay after treatment of cancer cells with the nano‐toxin. In general, in the current study, the nano‐toxin exhibit an inhibitory effect on the viability of breast cancer cells through apoptosis, which suggests that AgNPs could be used as a delivery system for targeting of toxins to cancer cells.
The Ecology of Experiences for African American Women in Clinical Doctoral Programs
Authors: Horsford Sheena , Carolan Marsha , Johnson Deborah 
Published: October 2019

African American women must navigate higher education, in particular, clinical doctoral programs, as a gendered racial minority. These women often endure multiple levels of discrimination to obtain their degree. Findings of this study highlight these experiences and suggest the importance of increasing supports for African American women in clinical doctoral programs. Practices and supports should be put in place so that students of color are not marginalized because of their race.Las mujeres afroamericanas tienen que pasar por la educación superior, y particularmente en programas de doctorado clínico, como una minoría racial y de sexo. Estas mujeres sufren con frecuencia múltiples niveles de discriminación para poder obtener su titulación. Los hallazgos de este estudio destacan estas experiencias y sugieren la importancia de incrementar los apoyos para mujeres afroamericanas en programas de doctorado clínico. Deberían implementarse prácticas y apoyos para que las estudiantes de color no sean marginadas por su raza.
The Experiences of Students of Color at a Predominantly White Institution: Implications for Counselor Training
Authors: Pulliam Nicole , Paone Tina R. , Malott Krista M. , Shannon Jordan 
Published: October 2019

This qualitative study examined the experiences of 11 students of color who participated in 2 multicultural counseling courses in a master’s‐level counseling program at a predominantly White institution. Findings illustrate students’ learning experiences based on instructors’ racial and ethnic identities, including a pivotal transition from distrust to trust toward the White instructor. Implications for teaching race‐based topics with students of color are presented.Este estudio cualitativo examinó las experiencias de 11 estudiantes de color que participaron en dos cursos de consejería multicultural en un programa de consejería de nivel máster en una institución predominantemente blanca. Los hallazgos ilustran las experiencias de aprendizaje de los alumnos basadas en las identidades raciales y étnicas de los docentes, incluyendo una transición fundamental desde la desconfianza hasta la confianza hacia el docente blanco. Se presentan las implicaciones para la enseñanza de temas basados en la raza con alumnos de color.
Thriving and Ethnic Discrimination: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Torres Lucas , Morgan Consoli Melissa L. , Unzueta Emily , Meza Danny , Sanchez Adriana , Najar Natasha 
Published: October 2019

Using mixed methodology, the authors examined facilitators to psychological thriving—or positive changes after adversity—in the context of ethnic discrimination among Latina/o adults. Several themes emerged from qualitative interviews (n = 10), including proving others wrong, ethnic identity, and community involvement. Quantitative analyses (n = 97) indicated that U.S. identity moderated the relationship between ethnic microaggressions and thriving such that high levels of U.S. identity were associated with lower thriving. Implications and future directions are discussed.Usando una metodología mixta, los autores examinaron los facilitadores de la prosperidad psicológica (o cambios positivos tras la adversidad) en el contexto de la discriminación étnica en personas latinas adultas. Varios temas surgieron de las entrevistas cualitativas (n = 10), entre los que se incluyen demostrar que otros estaban equivocados, la identidad étnica y la implicación de la comunidad. Los análisis cuantitativos (n = 97) indicaron que la identidad estadounidense moderó la relación entre las microagresiones étnicas y la prosperidad de tal modo que unos altos niveles de identidad estadounidense se asociaron con una baja prosperidad. Se discuten las implicaciones y direcciones futuras.
Holding the Tension of Opposites: Counselors’ Experiences of the Therapeutic Internalization Process
Authors: Smith Elyssa B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProfessional counselors engage in meaningful relationships with their clients over time. In this narrative inquiry, the author explores the experiences of 2 licensed professional counselors who developed meaningful connections with their clients outside of or between their counseling sessions. Three narrative threads were identified. Implications for professional counselors are discussed.