bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lived values and modal choices in Sweden: an approximation to potential losses from the low-carbon transition in the transport sector
Authors: Strambo Claudia , Xylia Maria , Gong Jindan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo meet the goals set in the Paris Agreement, the transport sector requires transformative changes, not only in terms of prevailing technologies but also with regards to reducing the need for fossil-based transport and increasing the share of public and active transport modes. Policies to enable this transformation are likely to have differentiated impacts on quality of life across society and have the potential to reproduce or deepen existing inequalities. When identifying potential losers from the low-carbon transition, it is important to consider a diverse set of loss categories, including social support networks and attachments a person has to particular people, material things, places and traditions. A key assumption here is that individuals’ perceptions of loss derive from their lived values, i.e., what they consider important in their life. Through a mixed-method approach consisting of a literature review and a survey, this study explores modal choices for realizing activities central to quality of life in Sweden, with a particular focus on societal groups at disadvantage in the transport transition. This article provides new insights on potential losses associated with the low-carbon transition in the transport sector and their distribution across society and reflects on the implications for transitional assistance policy.
Septum of the penis – dissection, anatomical description and functional relevance
Authors: Filipoiu Florin-Mihail , Ion Radu-Tudor , Filipoiu Zoran-Florin , Tulin Adrian-Daniel , Enciu Octavian , Enyedi Mihaly 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The septum of the penis or the pectiniform septum (from Latina pecten) is a connective structure that separates the two corpora cavernosa of the penis. It is formed through the joining of the circular fibers of the tunica albuginea, which envelops the corpora cavernosa. The septum neither completely separates, nor entirely joins the two corpora cavernosa.

Results
We dissected the penile septum in 10 formalized bodies. The dissections were carried out using magnifying lenses, emphasizing the connective structures. We studied the structure of the septum using transverse and sagittal dissection planes. We identified the penile septum as a structure consisting of clusters of tendinous cords incompletely separating the two cavernous structures. The septum completely separates the two corpora cavernosa in its posterior segment. As we progress forward, the septum starts resembling the tendinous cords that attach to the papillary muscles of the heart. These cords are differentiated from the internal layer of the albuginea of each corpus cavernosum. We evaluated the opportunity of considering the anterior and posterior intercavernous ligaments as septal structures.

Conclusion
In this type of construction, the septum maintains both the hemodynamic and mechanical coherence of the cavernous structures and allows penile movement more efficiently than a continuous septal structure. The septum enables the lengthening of the penis and simultaneous filling with blood of both its corpora cavernosa through the transseptal vascular anastomosis. This allows for penile deformation during erection to be avoided. Our study also provides a description of the way the corpora cavernosa attach to the bulbus of corpus spongiosum.
Cytomegalovirus-associated pancytopenia in a four-month-old infant: a case report
Authors: Gyawali Jeevan , Pudasainee-Kapri Sangita , Agrawal Sumit , Khatri Dhan Bahadur , Adhikari Sugat , Dhunagana Prem Prasad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a beta-herpes virus causing common infections, often asymptomatic in healthy individuals. However, it poses increased risks to immunocompromised individuals and can cause congenital infections, leading to severe disabilities. CMV infection can cause significant hematological abnormality. A four-month-old female infant was admitted for decreased feeding for two days. She was severely pale, without hepatosplenomegaly. In initial laboratory investigations hemoglobin, platelet count, and white blood cells were decreased. The patient was transfused with whole blood and referred to a tertiary care center. Further workup, including bone marrow biopsy, showed hypocellular marrow. The Urine CMV Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test returned highly positive with a viral load of 1,700,000 copies/mL. This patient was diagnosed with CMV-associated bone marrow suppression, and she was prescribed valganciclovir at a dosage of 16 mg/kg/dose every 12 h for 6 months. She had shown significant hematologic parameter improvement during subsequent follow-up. Pancytopenia in infancy should include a differential diagnosis for CMV infection. The early recognition and correct infection management, including antiviral therapy and symptomatic treatment, yield a better prognosis.
HIV Social-network intervention more effective in older populations in Kenya
Authors: Zoughbie Daniel E. , Huddleston Dillon , Watson Kathleen , Ding Eric L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUS President’s Emergency Plan for HIV/AIDS has been credited with saving 25 million lives in sub-Sahara Africa and, as such, constitutes a preeminent US foreign policy achievement of the twenty-first century. However, the implementation of effective HIV/AIDS pharmacological interventions remains a challenge in rural Kenyan communities. Of particular importance are patient retention and care engagement and their interaction with age disparities that are sensitive to different socioeconomic contexts, as well as time-in-treatment. For the first time, we perform an intermediation and triple interaction intent-to-treat secondary analysis on a social network-based randomized controlled trial. We hypothesize that the temporal interactions of critical demographic features with a treatment/control indicator variable may significantly explain patient retention and that these results are intermediated by social network phenomena. We find that not only does extended time-in-treatment significantly improve primary outcomes, but the threefold interaction along with age and treatment itself is sufficiently flexible to fit the data remarkably well without unnecessary elaboration, an effect that is mediated via internalized stigma. This strongly suggests that patient retention varies by age group. Rather than deploying one-size-fits-all solutions, foreign and public policymakers should invest in research that considers how interventions might be optimized for different ages.Trial registration Clinical Trial Number. NCT02474992 (note: the main trial report was published here https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255945.) Date of submission: June 6, 2015.
Association of lifetime lactation and characteristics of menopause: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Scime Natalie V. , Huang Beili , Brockway Meredith Merilee , Brown Hilary K. , Brennand Erin A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Lactation has many established benefits for women’s long-term health; however, its influence on menopause is less clear. This study investigated the association between lifetime duration of lactation and the timing and type of menopause in midlife women.

Methods
We analyzed survey data on 19,783 parous women aged 40 to 65 years at enrollment in the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project (2000–2022), a prospective community-based cohort study in Alberta, Canada. Duration of lifetime lactation across all births was categorized as: <1 month (reference group; 19.8% of women), 1–3 months (12.1%), 4–6 months (11.7%), 7–12 months (18.8%), and ≥ 13 months (37.7%). Women were classified as premenopause, natural menopause (age at 1 year after the final menstrual period), surgical menopause (age at bilateral oophorectomy), or indeterminate menopause (age at premenopausal hysterectomy with ovarian preservation). Flexible parametric survival analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze menopause timing and type, respectively, according to lactation status and controlling for birth year, education, parity, hormonal contraceptive use, and smoking.

Results
In a dose-response manner, longer lactation was associated with reduced risk of natural menopause before age 50 (for ≥ 13 months of lactation, adjusted hazard ratio at age 45: 0.68, 95% CI 0.59–0.78), surgical menopause before age 55 (age 45: 0.56, 0.50–0.63), and indeterminate menopause before age 50 (age 45: 0.75, 0.69–0.82). Longer lactation was associated with lower odds of surgical (adjusted odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.45–0.66) and indeterminate menopause (0.63, 0.55–0.73), compared to natural menopause.

Conclusions
Optimizing the timing of natural menopause and reducing risks of early surgical and indeterminate menopause may be novel maternal benefits of breastfeeding.
(Dis)connected by design? Using participatory citizen science to uncover environmental determinants of social connectedness for youth in under-resourced neighbourhoods
Authors: Sones Meridith , Holden Meg , Kestens Yan , King Abby C. , Rennie Mimi , Winters Meghan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Social isolation and loneliness are a growing public health concern. Inadequacies in neighbourhood social infrastructure can undermine social connectedness, particularly for youth, who are dependent on their local environments yet often marginalized from public spaces and city planning. Integrating citizen science with participatory action research, the Youth.hood study set out to explore how neighbourhood built environments help or hinder social connectedness from the understudied perspective of youth in under-resourced and racialized communities.

Methods
Youth (n = 42) from three neighbourhoods in Vancouver, Canada were recruited to: (1) Assess environmental assets and barriers to connectedness in their neighbourhoods using a digital photovoice app; (2) Analyze and prioritize their collective data into themes; and (3) Design and advocate for environmental improvements through a participatory workshop and forum with residents, city planners, and elected officials. Data on participant characteristics and neighbourhood perceptions were collected via an online survey and analyzed descriptively. Participatory analysis was conducted with youth using methods from thematic analysis, photovoice, and design thinking.

Results
Youth captured 227 environmental features impacting their connectedness. The most frequently reported assets were parks and nature (n = 39, 17%), including formal and informal green spaces, and food outlets (n = 25, 11%). Top barriers included poor neighbourhood aesthetics (n = 14, 6%) and inadequate streets and sidewalks (n = 14, 6%). Thematic analysis with youth underscored four themes: (1) Connecting through mobility: The fun and functionality of getting around without a car; (2) The power of aesthetics: Mediating connections to people and place; (3) Retreating to connect: Seeking out social and restorative spaces for all; and (4) Under-resourced, not under-valued: Uncovering assets for sociocultural connection. Youth described their local environments as affording (or denying) opportunities for physical, emotional, and cultural connection at both an individual and community level.

Conclusion
Our findings extend evidence on key environmental determinants of social connectedness for youth, while highlighting the potential of community design to support multiple dimensions of healthy social development. Additionally, this work demonstrates the resilience and agency of youth in under-resourced settings, and underscores the importance of honouring assets, co-production, and intergenerational planning when working to advance healthy, connected, and youthful cities.
What are the priorities of consumers and carers regarding measurement for evaluation in mental healthcare? Results from a Q-methodology study
Authors: O’Loughlin Rachel , Lambert Caroline , Olsen Gemma , Thwaites Kate , Saltmarsh Keir , Anderson Julie , Devlin Nancy , Hiscock Harriet , Dalziel Kim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to identify and describe common views of people with lived experience of mental health challenges – consumers and carers, families and supporters – of what they consider the most important measures to include in health economic evaluations which assess the incremental value of competing options in mental health care.

Methods
Participants (n = 111) were people living in the state of Victoria, Australia, who identified as consumers of mental healthcare (n = 38); carers, family members and/or supporters (n = 43); or both (n = 30). Factor analysis based on Q-Methodology was used to identify clusters of people who hold similar viewpoints. Common viewpoints were described in terms of the characteristics of the group, and a qualitative interpretation was conducted on the basis of distinguishing statements and quotes provided in participants’ own words.

Results
We identified four common views: (1) safety before all else, prioritizing physical, sexual and psychological safety; (2) hope and partnership in processes of care; (3) physical and emotional health and wellbeing; and (4) care access, continuity and partnership with families. Although different priorities were identified for each viewpoint, key priority areas that were common to all views were having an environment in the health service that fosters respect and dignity, and that consumers feel heard and listened to. In sub-group and qualitative analyses, differences were observed regarding the likelihood of consumers and carers holding each of the views, as well as by age group.

Conclusions
While some differences were noted between the views of consumers and carers and different age groups, there was also common ground regarding what outcomes are of most importance to measure. Including these measures in evaluation frameworks would provide a way of focussing mental healthcare decisions on the aspects of mental healthcare that are of most value to consumers and carers, thereby addressing an important shortcoming of current approaches to decision-making in mental healthcare.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) as treatment for nicotine cessation in psychiatric populations: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Serene , Li Maggie , Le Gia Han , Teopiz Kayla M. , Vinberg Maj , Ho Roger , Au Hezekiah C. T. , Wong Sabrina , Valentino Kyle , Kwan Angela T. H. , Rosenblat Joshua D. , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Nicotine use and nicotine use disorder (NUD) are the leading causes of preventable death in the United States. Persons with mental disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder) are differentially susceptible to nicotine use. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity and show preliminary evidence of efficacy in addiction-related behaviours. Herein, we synthesize extant preclinical and clinical evidence evaluating the effect of GLP-1RAs on neurobiological systems and behaviours salient to nicotine consumption and cessation.

Methods
Online databases (MedLine, Embase, AMED, PsychINFO, JBI EBP Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched from inception to May 21, 2024. Relevant studies were also extracted from the reference lists of the obtained articles. All articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Administration of GLP-1RAs reduced nicotine self-administration and nicotine-seeking behaviour in animal models that, in some cases, is sustained beyond exposure to the agent. GLP-1RAs also mitigated post-nicotine cessation weight gain, craving, withdrawal, and hyperphagia. The preceding effects are attributable to modulation of reward-related brain regions (e.g., mesolimbic dopamine system), resulting in nicotine aversion. GLP-1RAs were also efficacious as adjunctive therapies [e.g., in combination with nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs)].

Conclusion
The multi-effect characteristics in NUD paradigms provide a compelling rationale for large, adequately powered, long-term, randomized controlled trials of GLP-1RAs in the treatment and prevention of NUD. The replicated effect on mitigating post-nicotine cessation weight gain is a differentiating feature of GLP-1RAs from extant proven therapies for NUD.
Advancing hyperspectral imaging techniques for root systems: a new pipeline for macro- and microscale image acquisition and classification
Authors: Faehn Corine , Konert Grzegorz , Keinänen Markku , Karppinen Katja , Krause Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Understanding the environmental impacts on root growth and root health is essential for effective agricultural and environmental management. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology provides a non-destructive method for detailed analysis and monitoring of plant tissues and organ development, but unfortunately examples for its application to root systems and the root-soil interface are very scarce. There is also a notable lack of standardized guidelines for image acquisition and data analysis pipelines.

Methods
This study investigated HSI techniques for analyzing rhizobox-grown root systems across various imaging configurations, from the macro- to micro-scale, using the imec VNIR SNAPSCAN camera. Focusing on three graminoid species with different root architectures allowed us to evaluate the influence of key image acquisition parameters and data processing techniques on the differentiation of root, soil, and root-soil interface/rhizosheath spectral signatures. We compared two image classification methods, Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and K-Means clustering, and two machine learning approaches, Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), to assess their efficiency in automating root system image classification.

Results
Our study demonstrated that training a RF model using SAM classifications, coupled with wavelength reduction using the second derivative spectra with Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, provided reliable classification between root, soil, and the root-soil interface, achieving 88–91% accuracy across all configurations and scales. Although the root-soil interface was not clearly resolved, it helped to improve the distinction between root and soil classes. This approach effectively highlighted spectral differences resulting from the different configurations, image acquisition settings, and among the three species. Utilizing this classification method can facilitate the monitoring of root biomass and future work investigating root adaptations to harsh environmental conditions.

Conclusions
Our study addressed the key challenges in HSI acquisition and data processing for root system analysis and lays the groundwork for further exploration of VNIR HSI application across various scales of root system studies. This work provides a full data analysis pipeline that can be utilized as an online Python-based tool for the semi-automated analysis of root-soil HSI data.
Parental obesity, health determinants, and cardiometabolic risk according to sleep duration in schoolchildren: analysis through structural equations
Authors: Brand Caroline , Batista Lemes Vanilson , Paula Sehn Ana , Agostinis-Sobrinho Cesar , Henriquez-Maquehue Fernanda , Jofré-Saldía Emilio , Ibacache-Saavedra Paulina , Farias-Valenzuela Claudio , Villa-González Emilio , Priscila Reuter Cézane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
the independent association between parental obesity, sleep and lifestyle habits with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents has been widely explored in the literature. Our study represents a novel approach to comprehensively investigate a complex model encompassing various aspects associated with cardiometabolic risk in youth. Thus, the aim of the present study was to verify the relationship between parental obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, considering the mediator role of health indicators according to sleep time.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,973 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years attending public and private schools in a city located in Southern Brazil. Sleep duration, lifestyle, physical activity, natural food consumption, and parental obesity were evaluated through self-reported questionnaires. Physical fitness was evaluated according to the protocols of Projeto Esporte Brasil. The body fat percentage was evaluated through the measures of tricipital and subscapular folds, and the body mass index was calculated. The clustered metabolic risk score (cMetS) considered the summing z-scores of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and fasting glucose, divided by five. A structural equation model was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The relationship between parental obesity and cardiometabolic risk was observed in children and adolescents with adequate sleep, being significant (p < 0.05) mediated by physical activity, natural food, physical fitness, and lifestyle. This was also observed when parental education was included in the inadequate sleep cluster model. Conclusion: Present findings underscore the importance of sufficient sleep duration as a critical factor in understanding the complex interplay between parental obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.
Comparative performance analysis of different microfilaria testing methods for Dirofilaria immitis in canine blood
Authors: Smith Rachel C. , Tomlinson Trey D. , Bowles Joy V. , Starkey Lindsay A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Microfilaria (MF) testing is an essential part of canine heartworm diagnostics, and it is recommended by the American Heartworm Society that a MF test be performed in tandem with antigen testing on every dog, every year, regardless of prevention status or history. There are a variety of methods that can be used to detect MF in canine whole blood; however, these methods widely vary in their sensitivities as well as practical factors, including time investment and cost. Additionally, some MF tests offer the advantage of being quantitative or allowing for morphological or molecular species identification, while other tests should only be used qualitatively.

Methods
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative performance of MF tests, including the 20 μL count, wet mount, 9 μL and 40 μL hematocrit tubes, thin smear, thick smear, modified Knott test (MKT), and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
Qualitatively, there was little difference in the performance of the 20 μL count, wet mount, MKT, and PCR. The MKT and PCR are the optimal MF tests, as these perform most reliably for detecting positives even when the MF per milliliter is relatively low, and in most cases, these two methods also allow for species-level confirmation of the identity. However, PCR tends to be a very costly test, and both PCR and MKT require a greater degree of expertise and time investment to perform than other tests. Even the lowest performance tests, including the thin smear and hematocrit tube methods, can reliably detect MF at very high burdens; although, caution should be advised when using low reliability methods, since there is a greater likelihood of failing to identify MF-positive dogs.

Conclusions
Microfilaria (MF) testing is an essential part of heartworm diagnosis and screening in dogs, and test selection should balance practical factors such as cost and time investment with the patient’s risk of infection based on prevention status and history, clinical signs, and antigen testing results. This approach to MF testing will help minimize cost while avoiding failure to detect MF in infected dogs, especially when MF burden is low.

Graphical Abstract