bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of toothbrushing to metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged adults
Authors: Tanaka Akihiko , Takeuchi Kenji , Furuta Michiko , Takeshita Toru , Suma Shino , Shinagawa Takashi , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the effect of toothbrushing on the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including assessment of periodontal status, in middle‐aged adults.MethodsThis 5‐year follow‐up retrospective study was performed in 3,722 participants (2,897 males and 825 females) aged 35–64 years who underwent both medical check‐ups and dental examinations. Metabolic components included obesity, elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and reduced high‐density lipoprotein. Toothbrushing frequency was assessed using a questionnaire. Periodontal disease was defined as having at least one site with a pocket depth of ≥4 mm. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between toothbrushing frequency at the baseline examination and the development of MetS (≥3 components).ResultsDuring follow‐up, 11.1% of participants developed MetS. After adjusting for potential confounders including periodontal disease, participants with more frequent daily toothbrushing tended to have significantly lower odds of developing MetS (p for trend = .01). The risk of development of MetS was significantly lower in participants brushing teeth ≥3 times/day than in those brushing teeth ≤1 time/day (odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.45–0.92).ConclusionsFrequent daily toothbrushing was associated with lower risk of development of MetS.
Periodontal condition in relation to the adherence to nutrient recommendations in daily smokers
Authors: Jauhiainen Leena M. , Suominen Anna L. , Männistö Satu , Knuuttila Matti , Ylöstalo Pekka V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo examine whether a healthy diet based on nutrient recommendations is associated with periodontal condition in smokers.Material and MethodsDaily smokers from the cross‐sectional Health 2000 Survey (BRIF 8901) in Finland were analysed in two age groups (30–49 and 50–79 years, n = 704 and 267) and according to the level of oral hygiene. Periodontal condition was measured as the number of sextants with gingival bleeding and teeth with ≥4 mm deepened periodontal pockets. Information on nutrition was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire and measured using the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) and the Recommended Finnish Diet Score (RFDS).ResultsIn the total study population, no association between the scores and periodontal condition was observed. Among 30‐ to 49‐year‐old participants with good oral hygiene, diet scores associated inversely with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets (p = .078 (BSDS) and p = .027 (RFDS)).ConclusionsIn a representative sample of Finnish adults who smoke, a healthy diet was not associated with periodontal condition. Among a younger age group with good oral hygiene, a healthy diet associated with better periodontal condition. Age and oral hygiene appeared to modify the association between diet and periodontal condition.
The regular use of an emollient improves symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Tiplica G.S. , Boralevi F. , Konno P. , Malinauskiene L. , Kaszuba A. , Laurens C. , Saint‐Aroman M. , Delarue A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundEmollients are considered as a first‐line therapy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, evidence‐based proof that the regular use of emollients reduces AD severity is lacking.ObjectiveTo assess whether the regular use of emollients results in a reduction in AD severity in children with AD.MethodsIn this multicentre randomized, parallel group, open‐label study, children with mild‐to‐moderate AD were recruited during a flare. After flare resolution with a topical corticosteroid, patients were randomized to V0034CR emollient, reference emollient or no emollient (1:1:1 ratio), for 12 weeks. AD severity was assessed regularly by physicians [Scoring for Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and subcomponents, IGA] and by parents (PO‐SCORAD and POEM).ResultsA total of 335 patients were randomized to V0034CR (n = 111), reference emollient (n = 116) or no emollient (n = 108). After 12 weeks of treatment, SCORAD score was reduced by 5.28 points in the V0034CR group and by 3.36 points in the reference emollient group compared with the no emollient group (+4 points; P < 0.001 in both emollient groups vs. no emollient group). In a similar manner, PO‐SCORAD score was reduced by 4.88 and 2.67 points in the V0034CR and reference emollient groups, respectively, but increased by 2.90 points in the no emollient group (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for POEM. A continuous decrease in all scores was observed over the 12‐week treatment period. At the end of the study, the percentage of patients in complete remission (i.e. without a new flare over the treatment period) was higher in the V0034CR (59.5%) and reference emollient (44.3%) groups than in the no emollient group (29.8%; P < 0.001).ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the regular use of emollients in children with mild‐to‐moderate AD reduces the severity of symptoms and, therefore, support their use as a first‐line treatment for these patients.
Influence of cleaning methods on resin bonding to saliva‐contaminated zirconia
Authors: Yoshida Keiichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different cleaning methods on the shear bond strengths of 2 resin cements to saliva‐contaminated zirconia.MethodsAfter saliva contamination, alumina‐blasted zirconia specimens were cleaned with 1 of 5 methods of water‐rinsing (SA), K‐etchant GEL phosphoric acid (PA), Ivoclean (IC), AD Gel (ADG), or additional alumina‐blasting (AB). Alumina‐blasted zirconia without saliva contamination was used as control group (Cont). Composite cylinders were bonded to the zirconia with 1 of 2 dual‐cured resin cements. The bond strengths were measured by shear testing after 24 hours (TC0) and after thermal cycling at 4°C–60°C (TC10 000) and specimen surfaces were evaluated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data were statistically analyzed using 3‐way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were no significant differences in the bond strengths of 2 resin cements between the Cont ADG, and AB groups before and after TCs (P > .05). SA, PA, and IC groups did not exhibit durable resin bonding to zirconia. XPS showed that carbon and nitrogen increased in the SA group in comparison to the Cont group. The concentration of carbon in other 4 groups returned to the concentration range of the Cont group; however, nitrogen was not detected in the only AB group.ConclusionsSaliva contamination significantly reduced the bond strength of 2 resin cements to zirconia. Additional AB or cleaning with ADG resulted in effective cleaning of saliva contamination and preserved resin cement bond strength to zirconia.Clinical SignificanceSaliva contamination occurs during clinical procedures for adjustment of zirconia ceramic restorations in the oral environment. AD Gel application is effective for removing saliva contaminants on the alumina‐blasted zirconia surface beforehand by the dental laboratory instead of additional AB since AD Gel application and AB had a similar effect on the removal of organic components of saliva.
Persistence of self‐injury, aggression and property destruction in children and adults with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Wilde L. , Wade K. , Eden K. , Moss J. , de Vries P. J. , Oliver C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are at increased risk of developing self‐injurious behaviour. The persistence of this deleterious behaviour over years is reported in aetiologically heterogeneous samples to be between 60% and 80% but is unknown for TSC.MethodIn this study, we determined the 3‐year persistence of self‐injury in a sample (n = 52) of children (with and without ID) and adults (with ID) with TSC and examined characteristics associated with persistence.ResultsFindings for self‐injury were contrasted to those for aggression and property destruction to examine the specificity of results to this behaviour. Self‐injury was persistent in 84.6% of those with TSC who showed this behaviour, in contrast to 66.7% both for aggression and destruction. Persistent self‐injury was associated with poor self‐help skills, greater overactivity/impulsivity and more behavioural indicators of pain. These latter two characteristics were also associated with persistent aggression. No characteristics were associated with persistence of property destruction.ConclusionThese findings suggest that self‐injurious behaviours in individuals with TSC, together with aggressive and destructive behaviours, are highly persistent and would benefit from targeted intervention. Poor adaptive skills, overactivity/impulsivity and painful health conditions may differentiate those at most risk for persistent self‐injury or aggression.
Prevalence of Prolonged Latent Phase and Labor Outcomes: Review of Birth Records in a Swedish Population
Authors: Ängeby Karin , Wilde‐Larsson Bodil , Hildingsson Ingegerd , Sandin‐Bojö Ann‐Kristin 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThe prevalence of a prolonged latent phase of labor has been described as ranging from 5% to 6.5% in previous research. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of the prolonged latent phase of 18 hours or more, based on women's report, in women intending vaginal birth and who had spontaneous onset of labor. An additional aim was to compare the incidence of obstetric interventions, and the labor and neonatal outcomes in women with and without a prolonged latent phase.MethodsA descriptive and comparative study was performed in a mid‐sized hospital in western Sweden. The sample consisted of 1343 birth records of women who intended vaginal births and who had spontaneous onset of labor at 37 or more weeks’ gestation during a one‐year period (2013‐2014). Background characteristics, obstetric interventions, and labor and neonatal outcomes were compared between women with latent phases lasting less than 18 hours and 18 hours or more, based on women's self‐report. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the different exposure variables.ResultsA prolonged latent phase lasting 18 hours or more occurred in 23% of all births analyzed (n = 1343). A prolonged latent phase was more common among nulliparous women (29.2%) but also common for multiparous women (17%). Nulliparous and multiparous women who experienced a prolonged latent phase were more often exposed to amniotomy during latent phase. For nulliparous women, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 11.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.25‐25.51) and for multiparous women the aOR was 18.73 (95% CI, 9.06‐38.69). Similarly, amniotomy during active phase was more common for both nulliparous and multiparous women who experienced a prolonged latent phase (aOR, 4.05; 95% CI, 2.53‐6.47 and aOR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.43‐6.37, respectively). Women with latent phases of 18 hours or more, more often experienced augmentation of labor during all phases, especially during latent phase. For nulliparous women, the aOR was 10.13 (95% CI, 2.82‐36.39) and for multiparous women, aOR was11.9 (95% CI, 3.69‐38.71). A prolonged latent phase was associated with more instrumental vaginal births for multiparas (aOR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.27‐5.26) and emergency cesarean regardless of parity (nulliparous women: aOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.08‐9.50 and multiparous women: aOR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.67‐9.26).DiscussionBased on women's self‐report, the prevalence of a prolonged latent phase in women at term who planned a vaginal birth and had spontaneous onset of labor was higher than previously reported. Women with a prolonged latent phase were more likely to receive obstetric interventions. Assisted vaginal birth was more common for nulliparous women with prolonged latent phase and emergency cesarean occurred more frequently for both nulliparous women and multiparous women with a prolonged latent phase.
VEGF,FGF‐2 andTGFβ expression in the normal and regenerating epidermis of geckos: implications for epidermal homeostasis and wound healing in reptiles
Authors: Subramaniam Noeline , Petrik James J. , Vickaryous Matthew K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe skin is a bilayered organ that serves as a key barrier between an organism and its environment. In addition to protecting against microbial invasion, physical trauma and environmental damage, skin participates in maintaining homeostasis. Skin is also capable of spontaneous self‐repair following injury. These functions are mediated by numerous pleiotrophic growth factors, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) families. Although growth factor expression has been well documented in mammals, particularly during wound healing, for groups such as reptiles less is known. Here, we investigate the spatio‐temporal pattern of expression of multiple growth factors in normal skin and following a full‐thickness cutaneous injury in the representative lizardEublepharis macularius, the leopard gecko. Unlike mammals, leopard geckos can heal cutaneous wounds without scarring. We demonstrate that before, during and after injury, keratinocytes of the epidermis express a diverse panel of growth factor ligands and receptors, including:VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2, and phosphorylatedVEGFR2;FGF‐2 andFGFR1; and phosphorylatedSMAD2,TGFβ1, and activin βA. Unexpectedly, only the tyrosine kinase receptorsVEGFR1 andFGFR1 were dynamically expressed, and only during the earliest phases of re‐epithelization; otherwise all the proteins of interest were constitutively present. We propose that the ubiquitous pattern of growth factor expression by keratinocytes is associated with various roles during tissue homeostasis, including protection against ultraviolet photodamage and coordinated body‐wide skin shedding.
The Anatomical Society core anatomy syllabus for pharmacists: outcomes to create a foundation for practice
Authors: Finn Gabrielle M. , Hitch Geeta , Apampa Buge , Hennessy Catherine M. , Smith Claire F. , Stewart Jane , Gard Paul R 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Anatomical Society has developed a series of learning outcomes that ‘experts’ within the field would recommend as core knowledge outputs for a Master's Degree Programme in Pharmacy (MPharm) within the UK. Using the Anatomical Society core gross anatomy syllabus for medical anatomy as a foundation, a modified Delphi technique was used to develop outcomes specific to pharmacy graduates. A Delphi panel consisting of medical practitioners, pharmacists and anatomists (n = 39) was created and involved ‘experts’ representing 20 UK Higher Education Institutions. The output from this study was 49 pharmacy‐specific learning outcomes that are applicable to all pharmacy programmes. The new MPharm anatomy syllabus offers a basic anatomical framework upon which pharmacy educators can build the necessary clinical practice and knowledge. These learning outcomes could be used to develop anatomy teaching within an integrated curriculum as per requirements of the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC).
Analysis of the reliability of the Italian version of the Oral Behaviours Checklist and the relationship between oral behaviours and trait anxiety in healthy individuals
Authors: Donnarumma V. , Cioffi I. , Michelotti A. , Cimino R. , Vollaro S. , Amato M. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe Oral Behaviours Checklist (OBC) is a valid 21‐item instrument quantifying the self‐reported frequency of oral behaviours. An Italian version (OBC‐It) has been released recently. Anxiety and oral behaviours are known to be associated in individuals with oro‐facial pain due to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, information about this relationship in pain‐free individuals is still limited.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the reliability of the OBC‐It and its reduced version (OBC‐It 6), focusing on tooth clenching‐related wake‐time oral behaviours, and the effect of patient instructions on reliability. A second aim was to test the association between trait anxiety and oral behaviours in pain‐free individuals.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty‐two TMD‐free students, divided into 2 groups (Group A, n = 139, mean age ± SD = 22.6 ± 5.4 years; Group B, n = 143, 23.7 ± 4.2 years), filled in the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and the OBC‐It. Group B received instructions about the OBC‐It, while Group A did not. After 2 weeks, both groups filled in the OBC‐It again. However, Group B was further divided into 2 subgroups, B1 and B2. The first received the same instructions again, while B2 did not.ResultsThe test‐retest reliability of the OBC‐It (A: ICC = .87; B1: ICC = .94; B2: ICC = .95) and OBC‐It 6 (A: ICC = .85; B1: ICC = .89; B2: ICC = .93) was excellent in all groups. Trait anxiety was weakly associated with OBC‐It only in women (R2 = .043, P = .021).ConclusionsThe OBC‐It is a reliable tool but further subjects’ instructions might be needed. Trait anxiety has a limited effect on oral behaviours in TMD‐free subjects.
Validity of self‐reported tooth counts and masticatory status study of a Japanese adult population
Authors: Ueno M. , Shimazu T. , Sawada N. , Tsugane S. , Kawaguchi Y. 
Published: February 2018

SummarySelf‐reported measures of oral health are often used to assess oral health in populations or groups, but their validity or reliability needs repeated confirmation. The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the validity of self‐reported tooth counts and masticatory status, using data obtained from a sample of Japanese adults. A total of 2356 adults aged 40 to 75 years participated in a questionnaire survey and a clinical oral examination from 2013 through 2016. Self‐reported measures were compared with clinically measured values. For tooth counts, mean clinical and self‐reported tooth counts in all participants were 23.68 and 23.78 teeth, and no significant difference was detected. Spearman's, Pearson's and intra‐class correlation coefficients between clinical and self‐reported tooth counts were 0.771, 0.845 and 0.843, respectively. According to the Bland‐Altman analysis, the mean difference between clinical and self‐reported tooth counts was −0.098 (95% CI: −0.242, 0.047). The upper limit of agreement was 6.919 (95% CI: 6.669, 7.169), and the lower limit of agreement was −7.115 (95% CI: −7.365, −6.865). No significant fixed or proportional bias was observed. For masticatory status, the crude or age‐ and gender‐adjusted mean numbers of total teeth, posterior teeth and 3 kinds of functional tooth units significantly decreased with the deterioration of masticatory status. This study indicated that self‐reports were within an acceptable range of clinical measures. Therefore, self‐reports were considered valid alternatives to clinical measures to estimate tooth counts and masticatory status in a current Japanese adult population.
Development of reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of Hosta virus X
Authors: Zhang Yongjiang , Li Xiaojuan , Li Man , Qiu Yanhong , Li Guifen , Li Yongqiang , Zhu Shuifang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe one‐step real‐time turbidity loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay (RealAmp) was developed to detect Hosta virus X (HVX), the most devastating threat to hosta industry. The reaction was performed in a single tube at 63°C for 15 min, and real‐time turbidimetry was used to monitor the amplification results. Specificity and sensitivity analyses demonstrated that this RealAmp method was sensitive as real‐time TaqMan RT‐PCR and about 100‐fold higher than conventional RT‐PCR with no cross‐reaction with other viral pathogens. Field samples detection showed that HVX could be identified effectively with this method. Overall, this RealAmp assay for HVX detection was simple, specific, sensitive, convenient and time‐saving and could assist in the quarantine measures for prevention and control of the disease caused by HVX.
An adapted isolation procedure reveals Photobacterium spp. as common spoilers on modified atmosphere packaged meats
Authors: Hilgarth M. , Fuertes-Pèrez S. , Ehrmann M. , Vogel R.F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The genus Photobacterium comprises species of marine bacteria, commonly found in open-ocean and deep-sea environments. Some species (e.g. Photobacterium phosphoreum) are associated with fish spoilage. Recently, culture-independent studies have drawn attention to the presence of photobacteria on meat. This study employed a comparative isolation approach of Photobacterium spp. and aimed to develop an adapted isolation procedure for recovery from food samples, as demonstrated for different meats: Marine broth is used for resuspending and dilution of food samples, followed by aerobic cultivation on marine broth agar supplemented with meat extract and vancomycin at 15°C for 72 h. Identification of spoilage-associated microbiota was carried out via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry using a database supplemented with additional mass spectrometry profiles of Photobacterium spp. This study provides evidence for the common abundance of multiple Photobacterium species in relevant quantities on various modified atmosphere packaged meats. Photobacterium carnosum was predominant on beef and chicken, while Photobacterium iliopiscarium represented the major species on pork and Photobacterium phosphoreum on salmon, respectively.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study demonstrates highly frequent isolation of multiple photobacteria (Photobacterium carnosum, Photobacterium phosphoreum, and Photobacterium iliopiscarium) from different modified-atmosphere packaged spoiled and unspoiled meats using an adapted isolation procedure. The abundance of photobacteria in high numbers provides evidence for the hitherto neglected importance and relevance of Photobacterium spp. to meat spoilage.
Pervasive migration across rainforest and sandy coastal plain Aechmea nudicaulis (Bromeliaceae) populations despite contrasting environmental conditions
Authors: Meireles José Eduardo , Manos Paul S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the colonization of extreme marginal habitats and the relative roles of space and environment in maintaining peripheral populations remains challenging. Here, we leverage a system of pairs of rainforest and sandy coastal plain communities that allow us to decouple spatial and environmental effects in the population structure and migration rates of the bromeliad Aechmea nudicaulis. Structure and gene flow between populations were estimated from Bayesian clustering and coalescent‐based migration models applied to chloroplast sequence and nuclear microsatellite data. Contrary to our initial expectation, the sharp environmental gradient between rainforest and sandy plains does not seem to have affected the colonization and migration dynamics in A. nudicaulis. Our analyses uncover pervasive gene flow between neighbouring habitats in both chloroplast and nuclear data despite the striking differences in environmental conditions. This result is consistent with a scenario of repeated colonization of the sandy coastal plains from forest populations through seed dispersal, as well as the maintenance of gene flow between habitats through pollination. We also recovered a broad north/south population structure that has been found in other Atlantic rainforest groups and possibly reflects older phylogeographic dynamics.