bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratinocytes contribute to the recruitment and M1 polarisation of macrophages during C. albicans colonisation
Authors: Guan Xiu-Hao , Hong Yu-Xiao , Qi Rui-Qun , Gao Xing-Hua 
Published: October 2018

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that colonises the skin. Both keratinocytes and macrophages play crucial roles in host defence against C. albicans. However, the interaction of keratinocytes with macrophages during C. albicans colonisation has not been well studied. In this study, macrophages were cultured in conditioned medium from keratinocytes treated with heat-inactivated C. albicans (CM-C. albicans), macrophage migration and polarised activation and were then assessed by a Transwell assay, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blot and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that CM-C. albicans-stimulated macrophages display significantly increased migration and phagocytosis, and they display an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-12 and nitric oxide (NO)). Markers characteristic of M1 macrophages, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), are upregulated, whereas markers of M2 macrophages, such as mannose receptor (MR) and Arginase 1 (Arg1), are not affected. Additionally, the levels of TNF-a, IL-12 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in CM-C. albicans are markedly upregulated, whereas the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 are not affected. And the CM-C. albicans-induced M1 macrophage polarisation, proinflammatory cytokine production and phagocytosis could be blocked by an anti-TNF-a neutralising antibody. This study showed that keratinocytes may promote macrophage recruitment and M1 polarisation during C. albicans colonisation at least in part by secreting TNF-a.
The Key to the City: Using Digital Tools to Understand Tablet Provenience
Authors: Brumfield Sara 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Assyriologists have a variety of methods available to assign unprovenienced materials with educated certainty to its ancient site. The occurrence of specific toponyms and month names as well as the detailed study of prosopography, paleography, orthography, lexicography, tablet shape, format and sealing practices assist specialists in reconstructing the ancient context of a specific object. Now, with the fluorescence of technology, new digital tools are being developed and refined that may contribute to the complex process of provenience assignment. Text mining, the practice of deriving information from blocks of text using pattern recognition or trend analysis, has already been applied to corpora ranging from Shakespeare to Twitter.

For an example of previous text mining analysis on cuneiform sources, see, ENEA’s TIGRIS Virtual Lab (http://www.afs.enea.it/project/tigris/indexOpen.php)
With the ability to search for statistically significant correlations in large blocks of text following user-defined criteria and rules, statistical methods, here accessed via text mining software, have significant potential for revealing new levels of data in cuneiform texts.
Messunsicherheit bei der virtuellen Messung geometrischer Größen im Automobilbau
Authors: Galovska Maryna , Germer Christoph , Nagat Mike , Tutsch Rainer 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Virtuelle Messdatenanalyse (VMDA) ist ein bei der Volkswagen AG entwickeltes System, das der Analyse der geometrischen Fahrzeugqualitätsmerkmale dient. Die Basis der VMDA ist das Kombinieren eines virtuellen Fahrzeugmodells und der realen Messwerte. Virtuelle Messungen der Spaltmaße zwischen den Baugruppen sind indirekte Messungen, deren Modelle als Algorithmen dargestellt werden. Ein Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Unsicherheit für virtuelle Messungen geometrischer Größen wurde vorgeschlagen und die Fortpflanzung der Messunsicherheiten im virtuellen Fahrzeug analysiert. Starke Auswirkungen der Korrelation auf die kombinierte Unsicherheit von virtuellen Fugenmessungen wurden gezeigt.
THE TRITERPENOID AND STEROID FROM THE FRUITING BODY OF Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. IN VIETNAM
Authors: Tran Thang Dinh 
Published: October 2018

Five compounds, ergosterol (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2); ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (3); lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol (4) and 3β-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-trien-26-oic acid (5) were isolated from fruiting body of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (Ganodermataceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC). These compounds were isolated from the Vietnamese fungi for the first time. Moreover, the lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol is the first compound was found in the fungi.
Bile Acid G Protein-Coupled Membrane Receptor TGR5 Modulates Aquaporin 2–Mediated Water Homeostasis
Authors: Li Suchun , Qiu Miaojuan , Kong Yonglun , Zhao Xiaoduo , Choi Hyo-Jung , Reich Maria , Bunkelman Brady H. , Liu Qiaojuan , Hu Shan , Han Mengke , Xie Haixia , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Keitel Verena , Kwon Tae-Hwan , Levi Moshe , Li Chunling , Wang Weidong 
Published: October 2018

Background
The bile acid-activated receptors, including the membrane G protein–coupled receptor TGR5 and nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR), have roles in kidney diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of TGR5 in renal water handling and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods
We used tubule suspensions of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells from rat kidneys to investigate the effect of TGR5 signaling on aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression, and examined the in vivo effects of TGR5 in mice with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and Tgr5 knockout (Tgr5
−/−) mice.

Results
Activation of TGR5 by lithocholic acid (LCA), an endogenous TGR5 ligand, or INT-777, a synthetic TGR5-specific agonist, induced AQP2 expression and intracellular trafficking in rat IMCD cells via a cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway. In mice with NDI, dietary supplementation with LCA markedly decreased urine output and increased urine osmolality, which was associated with significantly upregulated AQP2 expression in the kidney inner medulla. Supplementation with endogenous FXR agonist had no effect. In primary IMCD suspensions from lithium-treated rats, treatment with INT-767 (FXR and TGR5 dual agonist) or INT-777, but not INT-747 (FXR agonist), increased AQP2 expression. Tgr5
−/− mice exhibited an attenuated ability to concentrate urine in response to dehydration, which was associated with decreased AQP2 expression in the kidney inner medulla. In lithium-treated Tgr5
−/− mice, LCA treatment failed to prevent reduction of AQP2 expression.

Conclusions
TGR5 stimulation increases renal AQP2 expression and improves impaired urinary concentration in lithium-induced NDI. TGR5 is thus involved in regulating water metabolism in the kidney.
Causas y componentes del síndrome metabólico en receptores de trasplante renal desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Martín Salvador Adelina , Fernández Castillo Rafael , García García Inmaculada , Aguilar Cordero María José , Bravo Soto Juan 
Published: October 2018

Introducción: la aparición del síndrome metabólico (SM) entre los receptores renales es una de las mayores complicaciones postrasplante y se asocia con un mayor riesgo de fracaso del injerto y altas tasas de obesidad y diabetes de nueva aparición.Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la relación entre la tasa de filtración glomerular medida por dos métodos distintos y los componentes del síndrome metabólico y sus combinaciones en pacientes trasplantados renales según género.Material y método: la muestra estuvo formada por 500 pacientes trasplantados renales, de los cuales 190 padecían SM, 121 hombres y 69 mujeres. Todos los sujetos se sometieron a evaluación clínica y toma de muestras de sangre para mediciones de laboratorio. El SM se determinó según los criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III). La función renal se estimó usando ecuaciones AMDRD y determinaciones de creatinina sérica (CrS).Resultados: la media de edad fue de 55,5 años. La prevalencia del SM fue significativamente mayor en hombres (23,1% < vs. 9,8%). La hipertensión arterial (HTA) fue el componente del SM más observado. Se observaron correlaciones significativas (Pearson; p < 0,05) entre TFG-AMDRD y TFG CrS y marcadores metabólicos más en hombres que en mujeres. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue significativamente mayor en mujeres que en hombres.Conclusiones: la disminución de la función renal asociada con los componentes del SM, la HTA y la obesidad representan un riesgo elevado de eventos cardiovasculares adversos y rechazos del injerto.
KARAKTERISTIK KESULITAN BELAJAR MEMBACA PADA SISWA KELAS RENDAH SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fauzi Fauzi 
Published: October 2018

This study aims to analyze the shape and characteristics of learning difficulties in reading at the early grade student of primary school; different learning difficulties of reading experienced by each student, as well as various forms or types of learning difficulties read the most dominant faced by students. This research was conducted at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Bobosan Kecamatan Purwokerto Utara, Kabupaten Banyumas, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, in April - June 2011. The research was conducted using the qualitative approach with descriptive case study type. To collect research data using interview techniques, observation, documentation, and reading practice test. Data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis technique. The results of the study showed that learning difficulties of reading faced by students appear in four forms of unusual reading habits, mistakes to recognize words, misconceptions of reading, and various symptoms. There are differences and similarities in the characteristics of learning difficulties in reading faced by students in certain forms of difficulty. In terms of achievement of learning outcomes, students who have difficulty learning to read show low learning outcomes in other subjects. This means that learning difficulties of reading are associated with low student learning outcomes in other subjects.

References
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Morris, D., Tyner, B., & Perney, J. (2000). Early steps: Replicating the effects of a first-grade intervention program. Journal of education psychology, 92(4), 681-693. doi: http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0663.92.4.681
Kemdikbud. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2016 tentang kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar pelajaran pada kurikulum 2013 pada pendidikan dasar dan pendidikan menengah. Jakarta: Kemdikbud.
Sandjaja, S. (1993). Hubungan antara persepsi visual dan tingkat pendidikan orang tua dengan kemampuan membaca di SD Kanisius Semarang Barat. Tesis tidak diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana UGM.
Santrock, J.W. (1999). Life- span development. Boston: McGraw.
Somad, P. (2002). Bimbingan membaca bagi siswa berkesulitan membaca. Jurnal Jassi Anakku, 1(1), 38-51.
Congenital Aplasia of the Patella and the Distal Third of the Quadriceps Mechanism
Authors: Shah Avi Pranay , Vaidya Sandeep , Phadke Sanjay , Agashe Mandar 
Published: October 2018

Case:
Congenital aplasia or hypoplasia of the patella by itself is a rare condition; to our knowledge, it has been associated with aplasia of the quadriceps mechanism only 3 times in the literature. We describe a 5-year-old boy who had bilateral fixed flexion deformity of the knee as well as bilateral hypoplasia of the patella and quadriceps mechanism; he never had been able to stand upright and walk. We present the clinical and radiographic features, the surgical details, and the successful outcome after treatment.

Conclusion:
Corrective femoral osteotomies with soft-tissue reconstruction to provide active knee extension provided a satisfactory outcome. At the last follow-up, the child was walking without support and had good active knee extension.
Failure of a Unidirectional Barbed-Suture Device at the Arthrotomy Repair Site Following Total and Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Berliner Zachary P. , Bhagat Priyal V. , Zawodzinski Rachel E. , Turner Alyson L. , Hepinstall Matthew S. , Rodriguez José A. 
Published: October 2018

Case:
We report the failure of a routine arthrotomy repair following knee arthroplasty. Five additional cases of arthrotomy failure occurred within a 14-month period during which a specific unidirectional knotless barbed suture device had been used for arthrotomy closure.

Conclusion:
Additional study on larger cohorts may be useful to understand the effectiveness of barbed suture for arthrotomy closure in knee arthroplasty.
Osteosarcoma in an Adolescent with Kniest Dysplasia
Authors: Tetreault Allison , Ramalingam Wendy , Black Jennifer , Miller Nancy H. , Donaldson Nathan 
Published: October 2018

Case:
A 19-year-old adolescent with Kniest dysplasia was incidentally found to have osteosarcoma of the proximal aspect of the humerus after having a chest radiograph for evaluation of an upper respiratory infection. He underwent chemotherapy and resection of the tumor, and there was no evidence of metastasis at the 16-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
Patients with osteochondrodysplasias often have multiple orthopaedic symptoms. Changes in chronic pain symptoms should be investigated to rule out insidious secondary causes of musculoskeletal pain, such as osteosarcoma.
A Review of Three-dimensional Printing for Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Devi M. Gundhavi , Amutheesan M. , Govindhan R. , Karthikeyan B. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Various living organisms especially endangered species are affected due to the damaged body parts or organs. For organ replacement, finding the customized organs within the time by satisfying biomedical needs is the risk factor in the medicinal field.Methods:The production of living parts based on the highly sensitive biomedical demands can be done by the integration of technical knowledge of Chemistry, Biology and Engineering. The integration of highly porous Biomedical CAD design and 3D bioprinting technique by maintaining the suitable environment for living cells can be especially done through well-known techniques: Stereolithography, Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Sintering and Inkjet printing are majorly discussed to get final products.Results:Among the various techniques, Biomedical CAD design and 3D printing techniques provide highly precise and interconnected 3D structure based on patient customized needs in a short period of time with less consumption of work.Conclusion:In this review, biomedical development on complex design and highly interconnected production of 3D biomaterials through suitable printing technique are clearly reported.
Health Capital and Economic Growth: Evidence from Georgia
Authors: Verulava Tengiz , Dangadze Beka 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:Investments in healthcare are important in terms of formation of the health capital. The research aims to find out the role of the health capital in economic growth of a country.Methods:This study is based on the secondary sources of data. The study data were obtained from Human Development Report, Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Protection of Georgia. As a proxy indicator for measuring the health capital we used the life expectancy at birth, the general and initial illness rate, the general, maternal and children’s mortality rate, outpatient referral rate, the state expenses on healthcare, the share of state expenditure in total expenditure on health and state expenditure on health as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product.Results:The average life expectancy has increased in recent 25 years. The maternal and children’s mortality rate have decreased, healthcare expenses have become higher and outpatient referral rate has also become more constant character. All these have a positive influence on the people’s health and country’s economic growth. However, the state expenses on healthcare and outpatient referral rate are far below the European level.Conclusion:As the health capital fulfills significant role in terms of the country’s economic growth in a long-run perspective, it is advisable to promote the development of the primary healthcare system and taking WHO recommendations concerning state healthcare expenses into account.
A novel method for oxidative degradation of metanil yellow azo dye by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions
Authors: Goel Anjali , Chaudhary Manu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present work, the degradation of metanil yellow, an azo dye, by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions (oxidant) in the aqueous alkaline medium has been investigated by kinetic–spectrophotometric method at λmax 435 nm of the reaction mixture. The effect of various parameters such as the concentration of dye, oxidant, and solution pH on the reaction rate has been determined. The results show that the rate of degradation increases linearly with the increase in concentrations of oxidant and dye at optimum pH of 9.0 and constant temperature of 40 ± 0.1°C. Thermodynamic parameters such as energy of activation, enthalpy of activation, entropy of activation, and energy of formation have been calculated by studying the reaction rate at four different temperatures, that is, 40–55°C. Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism involving complex formation has been proposed and a rate law has been derived. UV‐Vis and LC‐MS methods of analysis of degradation products show the formation of simpler and less hazardous degradation products.Practitioner points

It is also observed that the time required for azo dye degradation by the present method is about ten times less than the reported methods.

Thus degradation of azo linkage and formation of simple and less hazardous products (efficient degradation of dye) makes it a novel method.
Operational experience with a full‐scale anaerobic baffled reactor treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Schalk Thomas , Marx Conrad , Ahnert Markus , Krebs Peter , Kühn Volker 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of moderate temperatures on the efficiency of a full‐scale anaerobic treatment system consisting of a primary sedimentation unit (PST) and an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR, approx. 10 m3). Therefore, two trials with different test setups in series were carried out (1st trial: continuous load; 2nd trial: diurnal variation load). The plant was fed with municipal wastewater and operated at temperatures between 8 and 24°C. The mean efficiency of the ABR was low, compared to the one of the PST. At 10°C, only 10% of the COD was removed. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal efficiency of the plant (PST + ABR) averaged 50%. At low temperatures, volatile fatty acids began to accumulate. In both trials, the contents of total suspended solids in the sludge bed differed distinctly and influenced the effort for desludging.Practitioner points

The operation of ABR in combined collection systems depends on the efficiency of the pretreatment unit.

At cold temperatures, an ABR has no advantages compared to conventional pretreatment processes.

For use under moderate conditions, the design must be adjusted.
Internal Control Material Weaknesses and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Violations
Authors: Lin Yi-Hung , Cefaratti Meghann A. , Lee Chih-Chen , Huang Hua-Wei 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between internal control material weaknesses (ICMWs), as measured by presence, number, and type, and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations. Our results indicate that firms with ICMWs are more likely to violate the FCPA and firms with multiple ICMWs have a higher likelihood of violating the FCPA than firms with fewer ICMWs. Further, firms with ICMWs related to the risk assessment, control environment, and control activities components of internal controls (based on the COSO Internal Control—Integrated Framework) present a higher risk of FCPA violations than firms without ICMWs in those areas. These findings substantiate the importance of effective internal controls in supporting firms' regulatory compliance.
JEL Classifications: M42; M48; D73.
Ferrule Design Does Not Affect the Biomechanical Behavior of Anterior Teeth Under Mechanical Fatigue: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Figueiredo FE , Santos RC , Silva AS , Valdívia AD , Oliveira-Neto LA , Griza S , Soares CJ , Faria-e-Silva AL 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To investigate the survival and failure mode of fiber-post resin restorations over preparations with different ferrule designs when submitted to a fatigue load test.

Methods and Materials:
Fifty bovine incisors were selected and divided into five groups (n=10) according to ferrule design: a no-ferrule group, a 2-mm circumferential ferrule group, a 2-mm buccal ferrule group, a 2-mm lingual ferrule group, and a 2-mm buccal and lingual ferrule group. The fiberglass post was cemented and the composite core was built up and prepared, followed by cementation of a full composite crown. The samples were subjected to a cyclic fatigue test with loading applicator at 135°; a staircase approach was used until fracture. Survival (cycles to fracture) and failure modes were recorded. Survival data were analyzed with the log-rank test, while Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze failure mode data (α=0.05).

Results:
The median number of cycles to fracture ranged from 215,000 to 236,153. The log-rank test showed no statistically significant difference in survival rates among the groups (p=0.82). Regarding failure mode, three types were observed: I, post and/or core fracture; II, root fracture in the cervical third; and III, root fracture in the middle third. No statistical difference was observed among the groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p=0.147).

Conclusion:
The ferrule design had no effect on fatigue resistance or failure mode of endodontically treated incisor teeth restored with a fiber post, composite core buildup, and composite crown.
Emotion and Virality: What Makes Online Content Go Viral?
Authors: Berger Jonah , Milkman Katherine L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
"Companies are relying more and more on online communication to reach consumers. While some viral campaigns are tremendously successful, others remain far below expectations. But why are certain pieces of online content more viral than others?
An analysis conducted on the New York Times’ most-emailed list, along with further experimental evidence, showed that positive content is more viral than negative content. However, the relationship between emotion and social transmission is more complex than valence alone. Virality is driven, in part, by activation and arousal. Content that evokes either high-arousal positive emotions (awe) or negative emotions (anger or anxiety) tends to be more viral. Content that evokes low arousal or deactivating emotions (e.g., sadness) tends to be less viral. These results were also true when examining how surprising, interesting, or practically useful content is (all of which are positively linked to virality), as well as external drivers of attention (e.g., how prominently content is featured). Taking the effect of emotions into account helps to design effective viral marketing campaigns.
"