bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid-Related Deaths in Eastern Ontario from 2011 to 2016
Authors: Parai Jacqueline L. , Castonguay Krista , Milroy Christopher M. 
Published: September 2019

There has been a growing opioid crisis in the United States and Canada. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in opioid-related deaths from the Eastern Ontario Regional Forensic Pathology Unit so that prevention strategies for these deaths can be developed. The analyses included examining the opioids involved and demographic characteristics of the individuals in these deaths so that possible risk factors for opioid-related deaths could be identified. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the full autopsy and toxicology data between 2011 and 2016 was conducted. Trends regarding the opioids involved in the death, all opioids reported in the toxicology reports and certain nonopioid drugs reported in the toxicology reports were examined. The distribution of opioid-related death by age-group and manner of death was also conducted. Two hundred seventy-four opioid-related deaths met the inclusion criteria and were examined. The majority of individuals overdosing were male. The most frequent age range for opioid-related deaths was 45 to 54 years with increasing deaths among individuals aged 55 years and older over the period studied. Fentanyl was responsible for most deaths overall when single or multiple opioids were involved. However, hydromorphone involvement was the only opioid to have a statistically significant increase over the time period. Analysis of nonopioid-related drugs revealed extensive use of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and their metabolites. Accident was the most common manner of death throughout all age groups except for those aged 65 years or older, where suicide was most common.
Retinal inner nuclear layer volume reflects inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis; a longitudinal OCT study
Authors: Balk Lisanne J , Coric Danko , Knier Benjamin , Zimmermann Hanna G , Behbehani Raed , Alroughani Raed , Martinez-Lapiscina Elena H , Brandt Alexander U , Sánchez-Dalmau Bernardo , Vidal-Jordana Angela , Albrecht Philipp , Koska Valeria , Havla Joachim , Pisa Marco , Nolan Rachel C , Leocani Letizia , Paul Friedemann , Aktas Orhan , Montalban Xavier , Balcer Laura J , Villoslada Pablo , Outteryck Olivier , Korn Thomas , Petzold Axel ,   on behalf of the IMSVISUAL consortium
Published: September 2019

Background The association of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness with neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is well established. The relationship of the adjoining inner nuclear layer (INL) with inflammatory disease activity is less well understood. Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship of INL volume changes with inflammatory disease activity in MS. Methods In this longitudinal, multi-centre study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and clinical data (disability status, relapses and MS optic neuritis (MSON)) were collected in 785 patients with MS (68.3% female) and 92 healthy controls (63.4% female) from 11 MS centres between 2010 and 2017 and pooled retrospectively. Data on pRNFL, GCIPL and INL were obtained at each centre. Results There was a significant increase in INL volume in eyes with new MSON during the study ( N = 61/1562, β = 0.01 mm3, p < .001). Clinical relapses (other than MSON) were significantly associated with increased INL volume (β = 0.005, p = .025). INL volume was independent of disease progression (β = 0.002 mm3, p = .474). Conclusion Our data demonstrate that an increase in INL volume is associated with MSON and the occurrence of clinical relapses. Therefore, INL volume changes may be useful as an outcome marker for inflammatory disease activity in MSON and MS treatment trials.
Improving short-term retention after robotic training by leveraging fixed-gain controllers
Authors: Losey Dylan P , Blumenschein Laura H , Clark Janelle P , O’Malley Marcia K 
Published: September 2019

Introduction When developing control strategies for robotic rehabilitation, it is important that end-users who train with those strategies retain what they learn. Within the current state-of-the-art, however, it remains unclear what types of robotic controllers are best suited for promoting retention. In this work, we experimentally compare short-term retention in able-bodied end-users after training with two common types of robotic control strategies: fixed- and variable-gain controllers. Methods Our approach is based on recent motor learning research, where reward signals are employed to reinforce the learning process. We extend this approach to now include robotic controllers, so that participants are trained with a robotic control strategy and auditory reward-based reinforcement on tasks of different difficulty. We then explore retention after the robotic feedback is removed. Results Overall, our results indicate that fixed-gain control strategies better stabilize able-bodied users’ motor adaptation than either a no controller baseline or variable-gain strategy. When breaking these results down by task difficulty, we find that assistive and resistive fixed-gain controllers lead to better short-term retention on less challenging tasks but have opposite effects on the learning and forgetting rates. Conclusions This suggests that we can improve short-term retention after robotic training with consistent controllers that match the task difficulty.
Suz12 inactivation cooperates with JAK3 mutant signaling in the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Broux Michael , Prieto Cristina , Demeyer Sofie , Vanden Bempt Marlies , Alberti-Servera Llucia , Lodewijckx Inge , Vandepoel Roel , Mentens Nicole , Gielen Olga , Jacobs Kris , Geerdens Ellen , Vicente Carmen , de Bock Charles E. , Cools Jan 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Suz12 inactivation cooperates with JAK3 mutant signaling to drive T-ALL development. JAK3/Suz12 mutant leukemia cells show increased sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR, VEGF receptor, and HSP90 inhibitors.
The role of prenatal stress as a pathway to personality disorder: longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Brannigan Ross , Tanskanen Antti , Huttunen Matti O. , Cannon Mary , Leacy Finbarr P. , Clarke Mary C. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMany studies have reported associations between prenatal stress and the development of psychotic, anxiety and depressive disorders; however, to date no studies have investigated potential associations with personality disorders.AimsThis study investigated potential associations between exposure to prenatal stress and personality disorder in offspring.MethodIn a subsample (N = 3626) of a large Finnish birth cohort, we used logistic regression models to examine associations between self-reported maternal stress during pregnancy, collected monthly during antenatal clinic appointments, and personality disorder in offspring. Familial and outcome information were obtained by linking data from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish Population Register.ResultsCompared with those unexposed, children exposed to any maternal stress during gestation had three times the odds of developing a personality disorder (odds ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.59–4.80, P = 0.000). Those exposed to moderate stress had three times the odds (odds ratio 3.13, 95% CI 1.42–6.88, P = 0.005) and those exposed to severe stress had seven times the odds (odds ratio 7.06, 95% CI 2.10–23.81, P = 0.002) of developing a personality disorder. These associations remained after adjusting for parental psychiatric history, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, prenatal smoking and antenatal depression.*ConclusionsExposure to stress during gestation increases the odds of personality disorder in offspring, independent of other psychiatric disorders. These results suggest the assessment of maternal stress and well-being during pregnancy may be useful in identifying those at greatest risk of developing personality disorder, and highlight the importance of prenatal care for good maternal mental health during pregnancy.
Modeling hematopoietic disorders in zebrafish
Authors: Konantz Martina , Schürch Christoph , Hanns Pauline , Müller Joëlle S. , Sauteur Loïc , Lengerke Claudia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Zebrafish offer a powerful vertebrate model for studies of development and disease. The major advantages of this model include the possibilities of conducting reverse and forward genetic screens and of observing cellular processes by in vivo imaging of single cells. Moreover, pathways regulating blood development are highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and several discoveries made in fish were later translated to murine and human models. This review and accompanying poster provide an overview of zebrafish hematopoiesis and discuss the existing zebrafish models of blood disorders, such as myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes and immunodeficiencies, with a focus on how these models were generated and how they can be applied for translational research.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mediates the Associations between Exercise, Aging, and Glucose Regulation
Authors: LEE SHUEN YEE , BURNS STEPHEN F. , NG KENNETH K. C. , STENSEL DAVID J. , ZHONG LIANG , TAN FRANKIE H. Y. , CHIA KAR LING , FAM KAI DENG , YAP MARGARET M. C. , YEO KWEE POO , YAP ERIC P. H. , LIM CHIN LEONG 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Aging increases the prevalence of glucose intolerance, but exercise improves glucose homeostasis. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)–adiponectin axis helps regulate glucose metabolism. However, the role of FGF21 in mediating glucose metabolism with aging and exercise remains unknown.

Purpose
This study examined whether FGF21 responses to a glucose challenge are associated with habitual exercise, aging and glucose regulation.

Methods
Eighty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were assigned to young sedentary and active (≤36 yr, n = 20 each group) and older sedentary and active (≥45 yr, n = 20 each group) groups. Fasted and postprandial blood glucose concentration and plasma concentration of insulin, FGF21, and adiponectin were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Results
During the OGTT, glucose concentrations were 9% higher (P = 0.008) and FGF21 concentrations were 58% higher (P = 0.014) in the older than the younger group, independent of activity status. Active participants had 40% lower insulin concentration and 53% lower FGF21 concentration than sedentary participants, independent of age (all P < 0.001). Adiponectin concentration during the OGTT did not differ by age (P = 0.448) or activity status (P = 0.611). Within the younger group, postprandial glucose, insulin and FGF21 concentrations during the OGTT were lower in active than in sedentary participants. In the older group, only postprandial insulin and FGF21 concentrations were lower in active participants.

Conclusions
FGF21, but not adiponectin, response during the OGTT is higher in older than younger adults and lower in active than sedentary individuals. Exercise-associated reduction in OGTT glucose concentrations was observed in younger but not older adults.
Effect of relaxation exercise on fasting blood glucose and blood pressure in gestational diabetes
Authors: Geranmayeh Mehrnaz , Bikdeloo Sara , Azizi Farahnaz , Mehran Abbas 
Published: September 2019

Background Gestational diabetes is a growing problem worldwide, with risks for both the woman and the baby. Stress has been shown to be linked with diabetes, and therefore research is examining the effect of relaxation on blood pressure. Aim To assess the effect of relaxation on blood glucose and blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed with a sample of 80 participants. Fasting blood glucose and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention, which was a 10-week programme of home mind-body and relaxation. Findings Both systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose in the control group were significantly higher (P<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure in both groups was not found to be significantly different (P=0.151). Conclusions Relaxation exercises reduce fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
The relationship between interpersonal trauma and substance misuse in pregnancy
Authors: Waddell Naomi , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: September 2019

Background There is a strong body of evidence supporting associations between interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance use; however, this tends to focus on associations between childhood trauma and substance use in non-pregnant populations. Neonatal and obstetric outcomes are poorer among pregnant women with problematic substance use, yet few studies have explored IPT as a possible mechanism underlying their use of substances. Aim To explore the literature regarding the relationship between IPT and substance misuse among pregnant women. Method A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted and a narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Titles, abstracts and full articles were screened against inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and quality assessed. Findings A total of 15 studies were identified that suggested associations between negative life events and substance misuse in pregnant women/new mothers. Conclusions Although a link between IPT and substance misuse is suggested, this review has highlighted a number of important gaps in the literature that warrant further investigation. These include a paucity of UK-based studies, and a lack of research that fully explores possible associations between IPT and substance use in pregnant women. Moreover, research to date has employed quantitative methodology.
Prognostic Relevance of Steroid Sulfation in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Revealed by Molecular Phenotyping Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Sun Na , Kunzke Thomas , Sbiera Silviu , Kircher Stefan , Feuchtinger Annette , Aichler Michaela , Herterich Sabine , Ronchi Cristina L , Weigand Isabel , Schlegel Nicolas , Waldmann Jens , Candida Villares Fragoso Maria , Whitsett Timothy G , Gill Anthony J , Fassnacht Martin , Walch Axel , Kroiss Matthias 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with variable prognosis even within the same tumor stage. Cancer-related sex hormones and their sulfated metabolites in body fluids can be used as tumor markers. The role of steroid sulfation in ACC has not yet been studied. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a novel tool for tissue-based chemical phenotyping.

METHODS
We performed phenotyping of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 72 ACC by MALDI-MSI at a metabolomics level.

RESULTS
Tumoral steroid hormone metabolites—estradiol sulfate [hazard ratio (HR) 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10–0.69; P = 0.005] and estrone 3-sulfate (HR 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07–0.63; P = 0.003)—were significantly associated with prognosis in Kaplan–Meier analyses and after multivariable adjustment for age, tumor stage, and sex (HR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11–0.79; P = 0.015 and HR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10–0.91; P = 0.033, respectively). Expression of sulfotransferase SULT2A1 was associated with prognosis to a similar extent and was validated to be a prognostic factor in two published data sets. We discovered the presence of estradiol-17β 3,17-disulfate (E2S2) in a subset of tumors with particularly poor overall survival. Electron microscopy revealed novel membrane-delimited organelles in only these tumors. By applying cluster analyses of metabolomic data, 3 sulfation-related phenotypes exhibited specific metabolic features unrelated to steroid metabolism.

CONCLUSIONS
MALDI-MSI provides novel insights into the pathophysiology of ACC. Steroid hormone sulfation may be used for prognostication and treatment stratification. Sulfation-related metabolic reprogramming may be of relevance also in conditions beyond the rare ACC and can be directly investigated by the use of MALDI-MSI.
Gastric Pseudotumor due to Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Calixto-Aguilar Lesly , Vasquez-Rios George , Contreras-Grande Jheferson , Ramos-Castillo Wilder , Guzmán-Calderón Edson 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
A 71-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. He had epigastric tenderness on examination. Basic studies revealed anemia and eosinophilia. A computed tomography scan showed a mass in the anterior wall of the stomach. Endoscopic studies revealed a subepithelial lesion in the same area. An exploratory laparotomy was conducted to rule out any malignancy, revealing a mass fixed to the transverse colon and stomach. Biopsy samples showed eosinophilic nodules and multiple cystic structures compatible with Fasciola hepatica. The patient was treated with triclabendazole with complete resolution. Gastric pseudotumor secondary to F. hepatica is a rare but treatable disease.
Bouveret Syndrome: When a Stone Cannot Pass the Pylorus
Authors: Khuwaja Samreen , Azeem Ahad , Semkhayev Boris A. , Afthinos John , Guttmann Steven 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Bouveret syndrome, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, occurs by passage of a gallstone through a cholecystoduodenal fistula into the intestinal lumen. Presenting symptoms are nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In some cases, chronic symptoms result in weight loss. Typically, the syndrome is diagnosed via x-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography. Treatment options are endoscopic or surgical. Endoscopic approaches include mechanical lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, stone extraction, laser lithotripsy, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and/or duodenal stenting. When stone fragments migrate distally, surgical removal becomes necessary. We describe a distinct endoscopic treatment via stone breakage, followed by pushing the fragments of the stone into the jejunum, resolving the intestinal obstruction.
KAJIAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA MINA PADUKUHAN BOKESAN DI KAWASAN MINAPOLITAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Azimah Amalia , Damayanti Maya 
Published: September 2019

Bokesan village is included in the minapolitan area which is set as a development area for mina tourism. The success of tourism management needs the capacity of the community to manage tourism activities. However, its capacity is still unknown, so there is a need to study the capacity of the existing community. The research aims to assess the capacity of the community in managing tourism at Bokesan district in the Minapolitan area of Ngemplak region. The research method used was qualitative method.The results of the study show that the emergence of community capacity in tourism activities is influenced by economic and social motivation. The results of community capacity studies at the individual level indicate that the capacity of individuals who are able to support tourism activities in Bokesan district are the capacity of those in culinary, fishing spot, swimming pools owner and tour guides. While the study of organizational capacity shows that the capacity of P2MKP Mina Ngremboko organization is stronger than the capacity of Bokesan POKDARWIS organization. It is influenced by the leadership factor of the chairman of the organization. In the P2MKP Mina Ngremboko, the chairman’s’ leadership was able to direct their subordinates to have good commitment and coordination in tourism management. Whereas in the POKDARWIS Bokesan, the chairman have not been able to direct the subordinates well, so that the commitment of members becomes weak. The form of capacity building in Bokesan Village was carried out in the form of training, assistance, tourism facilities development, cooperation, recruitment, and participation in associations and communication forums.
Experimental SWIR gated viewing in accumulation mode
Authors: Lutz Yves , Matwyschuk Alexis , Poyet Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The recent availability of imaging sensors able to work in accumulation mode in the SWIR spectral range allows the realization of new efficient range-gated viewing systems. Such systems relax the illumination constraint so that the energy required to build an image can be distributed over several laser pulses. Semiconductor or fiber lasers can be used instead of high peak power solid state lasers. Such a system was realized in our laboratory, tested, and compared to a more classical flash system under outdoor conditions. In a first step, images of the same scenes recorded in the same weather conditions were compared to those recorded with a classical system working in flash mode. The MTF analysis shows an improvement of up to 40% with the system working in accumulation mode. In order to remove the influence of two different laser sources as well as of two different cameras, a second experiment was conducted. For this purpose, a shorter range and only one system were employed. Both operating modes, the flash and the accumulation mode, were examined. The second experiment confirms that accumulation mode can decrease significantly the value of the scintillation index resulting in a higher resistance to optical perturbations. These results increase the relevance of the accumulation mode for active imaging applications in the SWIR spectral region.
Automatic analysis of image quality by ETR-1 for the On-Board Imager
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Krüger Marian , Willomitzer Christian , Abu Zakaria Golam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The test-plate image of an image quality test tool is processed. The processing is based on quality assurance with the well-established test device ETR-1. A program is developed to analyze the parameters such as contrast, low contrast and resolution automatically. This results in more accurate patient positioning for the On-Board Imager (OBI) system. The contrast and resolution are measured by means of Bresenham’s line algorithm. The low contrast is calculated with the help of binary masking. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is also observed for the system. The developed program imports the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image and returns the image parameters. The program can process the ideal image or the less noisy image. The no-rotation-mode or the slight-rotation-mode of the test-plate can be analyzed.
On the distribution of zeros of derivatives of the Riemann ξ-function
Authors: Malik Amita , Roy Arindam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
For the completed Riemann zeta function

ξ
⁢

(
s
)

{\xi(s)}

, it is known that the Riemann hypothesis for

ξ
⁢

(
s
)

{\xi(s)}

implies the Riemann hypothesis for

ξ

(
m
)

⁢

(
s
)

{\xi^{(m)}(s)}

, where m is any positive integer.
In this paper, we investigate the distribution of the fractional parts of the sequence

(

α
⁢

γ
m

)

{(\alpha\gamma_{m})}

, where α is any fixed non-zero real number and

γ
m

{\gamma_{m}}

runs over the imaginary parts of the zeros of

ξ

(
m
)

⁢

(
s
)

{\xi^{(m)}(s)}

.
We also obtain a zero density estimate and an explicit formula for the zeros of

ξ

(
m
)

⁢

(
s
)

{\xi^{(m)}(s)}

.
In particular, all our results hold uniformly for

0
≤
m
≤

g
⁢

(
T
)

{0\leq m\leq g(T)}

, where the function

g
⁢

(
T
)

{g(T)}

tends to infinity with T and

g
⁢

(
T
)

=

o
⁢

(

log
⁡

log
⁡
T

)

{g(T)=o(\log\log T)}

.