bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbiosis, Selection and Novelty: Freshwater Adaptation in the Unique Sponges of Lake Baikal
Authors: Kenny Nathan J , Plese Bruna , Riesgo Ana , Itskovich Valeria B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFreshwater sponges (Spongillida) are a unique lineage of demosponges that secondarily colonized lakes and rivers and are now found ubiquitously in these ecosystems. They developed specific adaptations to freshwater systems, including the ability to survive extreme thermal ranges, long-lasting dessication, anoxia, and resistance to a variety of pollutants. While spongillids have colonized all freshwater systems, the family Lubomirskiidae is endemic to Lake Baikal, and plays a range of key roles in this ecosystem. Our work compares the genomic content and microbiome of individuals of three species of the Lubomirskiidae, providing hypotheses for how molecular evolution has allowed them to adapt to their unique environments. We have sequenced deep (>92% of the metazoan ‘Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs’ (BUSCO) set) transcriptomes from three species of Lubomirskiidae and a draft genome resource forLubomirskia baikalensis. We note Baikal sponges contain unicellular algal and bacterial symbionts, as well as the dinoflagellateGyrodinium. We investigated molecular evolution, gene duplication and novelty in freshwater sponges compared to marine lineages. Sixty one orthogroups have consilient evidence of positive selection. Transporters (e.g.zinc transporter-2),transcription factors (aristaless-related homeobox) and structural proteins (for exampleactin-3), alongside other genes, are under strong evolutionary pressure in freshwater, with duplication driving novelty across the Spongillida, but especially in the Lubomirskiidae. This addition to knowledge of freshwater sponge genetics provides a range of tools for understanding the molecular biology and, in the future, the ecology (for example, colonization and migration patterns) of these key species.
Improved real-time influenza surveillance using Internet search data in eight Latin American countries
Authors: Clemente Leonardo , Lu Fred , Santillana Mauricio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA real-time methodology for monitoring flu activity in middle income countries that is simultaneously accurate and generalizable has not yet been presented. We demonstrate here that a self-correcting machine learning method leveraging Internet-based search activity produces reliable and timely flu estimates in multiple Latin American countries.
ProgressiveMycobacterium abscessuslung infection in C3HeB/FeJ mice associated with corticosteroid administration
Authors: Maggioncalda Emily C. , Story-Roller Elizabeth , Ammerman Nicole C. , Nuermberger Eric L. , Lamichhane Gyanu 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMycobacterium abscessus(Mab) is a rapidly-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that is a growing health concern among both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patient populations. It most commonly causes skin and soft tissue or pulmonary infection. As an emerging health issue there is much that still needs to be understood about the infection and its progression to disease. In the context of pulmonary infection, anin vivosystem ofMabinfection that permits investigation of host-microbe interactions that result inMabinfection and the transition to pathogenesis, and also the evaluation of treatments, is an essential tool that is currently lacking. Here, we describe a system of pulmonaryMabinfection in the C3HeB/FeJ mouse strain under corticosteroid immunosuppressive therapy that progresses to pathology.
High-throughput identification of dominant negative polypeptides in yeast
Authors: Dorrity Michael W. , Queitsch Christine , Fields Stanley 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDominant negative polypeptides can act as inhibitors by binding to the wild type protein or by titrating an essential ligand. Here, we use high-throughput sequencing of DNA libraries composed of fragments of yeast genes to identify dominant negative polypeptides based on their depletion during cell growth. The method uncovers numerous inhibitory polypeptides for a protein and thus is capable of defining interacting domains with exquisite resolution, even pinpointing individual residues that contact ligands.
A human embryonic stem cell model of Aβ-dependent chronic progressive neurodegeneration
Authors: Ubina Teresa , Magallanes Martha , Srivastava Saumya , Warden Charles , Yee Jiing-Kuan , Salvaterra Paul M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe describe construction and phenotypic analysis of a human embryonic stem cell model of progressive Aβ-dependent neurodegeneration (ND) with potential relevance to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We modified one allele of the normal APP locus to directly express a secretory form of Aβ40 or Aβ42, eliminating the need for amyloidogenic APP proteolysis. Following neuronal differentiation edited cell lines specifically accumulate aggregated/oligomeric Aβ, exhibit a synaptic deficit and have an abnormal accumulation of endolysosomal vesicles. Edited cultures progress to a stage of overt ND. All phenotypes appear at earlier culture times for Aβ42 relative to Aβ40. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis identified 23 up and 70 down regulated genes (DEGs) with similar directional fold change but larger absolute values in the Aβ42 samples suggesting common underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Pathway/annotation analysis suggested that down regulation of extracellular matrix and cilia functions are significantly overrepresented. This cellular model could be useful for uncovering mechanisms directly linking Aβ to neuronal death and as a tool to screen for new therapeutic agents that slow or prevent human ND.
Individual response to mTOR inhibition in delaying replicative senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Antonioli Eliane , Torres Natália , Ferretti Mario , Piccinato Carla A. , Sertie Andrea L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground aimsDelaying replicative senescence and extending lifespan of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may enhance their potential for tissue engineering and cell based therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway, such as rapamycin, constitute promising pharmacological agents to retard senescence and extend stemness properties of various progenitor cell types. Here, we investigated whether the ability of rapamycin to postpone replicative senescence varies among bone marrow MSC samples (BM-MSCs) derived from different healthy donors, and explored the molecular mechanisms that drive rapamycin-mediated lifespan increment.MethodsBM-MSCs at early passages were serially passaged either in absence or continuous presence of rapamycin and the number of cell population doublings until growth arrest was measured. The inhibition of mTOR signaling was assessed by the phosphorylation status of the downstream target RPS6. The expression levels of several senescence and pluripotency markers at early and late/senescent passages were analyzed by RT-qPCR, flow cytometry and western blot.ResultsWe found that the lifespan extension in response to the continuous rapamycin treatment was highly variable among samples, but effective in most BM-MSCs. Despite all rapamycin-treated cells secreted significantly reduced levels of IL6, a major SASP cytokine, and expressed significantly higher levels of the pluripotency marker NANOG, the expression patterns of these markers were not correlated with the rapamycin-mediated increase in lifespan. Interestingly, rapamycin-mediated life-span extension was significantly associated only with repression of p16INK4A protein accumulation.ConclusionsTaken together, our results suggest that some, but not all, BM-MSC samples would benefit from using rapamycin to postpone replicative arrest and reinforce a critical role of p16INK4A protein downregulation in this process.
Spatial patterns of species richness and nestedness in ant assemblages along an elevational gradient in a Mediterranean mountain range
Authors: Flores O. , Seoane J. , Hevia V. , Azcárate F.M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe study of biodiversity spatial patterns along ecological gradients can serve to elucidate factors shaping biological community structure and predict ecosystem responses to global change. Ant assemblages are particularly interesting as study cases, because ant species play a key role in many ecosystem processes and have frequently been identified as useful bioindicators. Here we analyzed the response of ant species richness and assemblage composition to elevational gradients in Mediterranean grasslands and subsequently tested whether these responses were stable spatially and temporally. We sampled ant assemblages in two years (2014, 2015) in two mountain ranges (Guadarrama, Serrota) in Central Spain, along an elevational gradient ranging from 685 to 2390 m a.s.l.Jackknife estimates of ant species richness ranged from three to 18.5 species and exhibited a hump-shaped relationship with elevation that peaked at mid range values (1100 - 1400 m). This pattern was transferable temporally and spatially. Elevation was significantly related to ant assemblage composition and facilitated separation of higher elevation assemblages (> 1700 m) from the remaining lower elevation species groups. Ant assemblages were nested; therefore species assemblages with a decreased number of species were a subset of the richer assemblages, although species turnover was more important than pure nestedness in all surveys. The degree of nestedness changed non-linearly as a cubic polynomial with elevation. These assembly patterns were observed over time but not between the two study regions.We concluded double environmental stressors typical of Mediterranean mountains explained species richness patterns: drought at low elevations and cold temperatures at high elevations likely constrained richness at both extremes of elevational gradients. The fact that species turnover showed a dominant role over pure nestedness suggested current ant assemblages were context-dependent (spatio-temporal factors) and highly vulnerable to global change, which threatens the conservation of present day native ant communities, particularly at high elevations.
Tubular linear permanent magnet synchronous machine applied to semi-active suspension systems
Authors: Zanatta Ana Paula , Bandeira Boff Ben Hur , Eckert Paulo Roberto , Ferreira Flores Filho Aly , Dorrell David George 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Semi-active suspension systems with electromagnetic dampers allow energy regeneration and the required control strategies are easier to implement than the active suspensions are. This paper aims to address the application of a tubular linear permanent magnet synchronous machine for a semi-active suspension system.

Design/methodology/approach
Classical rules of mechanics and electromagnetics were applied to describe a dynamic model combining vibration and electrical machines theories. A multifaceted MATLAB®/Simulink model was implemented to incorporate equations and simulate global performance. Experimental tests on an actual prototype were carried out to investigate displacement transmissibility of the passive case. In addition, simulation results were shown for the dissipative semi-active case.

Findings
The application of the developed model suggests convergent results. For the passive case, numerical and experimental outcomes validate the parameters and confirm system function and proposed methodology. MATLAB®/Simulink results for the semi-active case are consistent, showing an improvement on the displacement transmissibility. These agree with the initial conceptual thoughts.

Originality/value
The use of linear electromagnetic devices in suspension systems is not a novel idea. However, most published papers on this subject outline active solutions, neglect semi-active ones and focus on experimental studies. However, here a dynamic mechanical-electromagnetic coupled model for a semi-active suspension system is reported. This is in conjunction with a linear electromagnetic damper.
A multi-objective supplier selection model for green supply chain network under uncertainty
Authors: Khalilzadeh Mohammad , Derikvand Hadis 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Globalization of markets and pace of technological change have caused the growing importance of paying attention to supplier selection problem. Therefore, this study aims to choose the best suppliers by providing a mathematical model for the supplier selection problem considering the green factors and stochastic parameters. This paper aims to propose a multi-objective model to identify optimal suppliers for a green supply chain network under uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach
The objective of this model is to select suppliers considering total cost, total quality parts and total greenhouse gas emissions. Also, uncertainty is tackled by stochastic programming, and the multi-objective model is solved as a single-objective model by the LP-metric method.

Findings
Twelve numerical examples are provided, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed mathematical model. Results indicate that with increasing market numbers and final product numbers, the total objective function value and run time increase. In case that decision-makers are willing to deal with uncertainty with higher reliability, they should consider whole environmental conditions as input parameters. Therefore, when the number of scenarios increases, the total objective function value increases. Besides, the trade-off between cost function and other objective functions is studied. Also, the benefit of the stochastic programming approach is proved. To show the applicability of the proposed model, different modes are defined and compared with the proposed model, and the results demonstrate that the increasing use of recyclable parts and application of the recycling strategy yield more economic savings and less costs.

Originality/value
This paper aims to present a more comprehensive model based on real-world conditions for the supplier selection problem in green supply chain under uncertainty. In addition to economic issue, environmental issue is considered from different aspects such as selecting the environment-friendly suppliers, purchasing from them and taking the probability of defective finished products and goods from suppliers into account.
Insurer interest margin management, default risk, and life insurance policyholder protection
Authors: Lin Jyh-Horng , Li Xuelian , Huang Fu-Wei 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to theoretically examine the effects of regulatory policyholder protection on spread behavior and default probability of a life insurance company.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors construct a contingent claim model for the valuation of the equity of a life insurance company. Then, they extend it to model default risk measures associated with a more appropriate behavioral mode of strategic invested asset rate-setting under regulation.

Findings
The findings established that the optimal insurer interest margin is explicitly modeled by a spread between the loan rate and the required guaranteed rate of the company. The effect of the guaranteed rate on the insurer interest margin is positive when the barrier is low, whereas it is negative when the barrier is high. As the barrier increases, the positive effect of the guaranteed rate on the default risk is increased, the negative effect of the participation on the insurer interest margin is decreased and the positive effect of the participation on the default risk is decreased.

Practical implications
Several results derived that should be of interest to investors, analysts, supervising agencies and policymakers. For example, policyholders protected by increasing the guaranteed rate may create a higher risk for the life insurance company to meet its obligations.

Originality/value
The authors’ approach is a significant departure from the existing literature; they differentiate among path-dependent, barrier options and suggest that the life insurance company’s defaults are more commonly triggered by regulatory responses than debt default.
How could discourse theories of identity formation critically engage patient-centered care in older adults?
Authors: Horton Anna , Horton Simon 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how discourse theories can contribute to the concept of identity formation within a patient- or person-centered care (PCC) orientation, to enable more critical engagement with PCC in older people.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper.FindingsThis paper concludes that the discourse literature has important insights for understanding identity formation in older people as operationalized in the context of PCC in three particular ways: accounting for multiplicity in patients’ identity; exploring “the devolution of responsibility” to address shifts in performing identities in clinical encounters; and attending to a “crisis of positioning” to engage empowerment discourse within a PCC philosophy.Originality/valueWhilst a notion of patient identity is at the heart of PCC, the concept remains inconsistent and underdeveloped. This is particularly problematic for the quality of care in older adults, as PCC has become increasingly synonymous with care of older people. Discourse theories of identity formation can be used to critically engage with identity within the context of PCC, so as to develop more nuanced understandings of “the person” or “the patient,” with the potential to improve research into care for aging and older adults.
Assessing the social determinants of health care costs for Medicaid‐enrolled adolescents in Washington State using administrative data
Authors: Patton Deleena A. , Liu Qinghua , Adelson Jaimie D. , Lucenko Barbara A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe study used administrative data to identify the social determinants that have the greatest impact on Medicaid expenditures in adolescence.Data SourcesData were compiled using the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services Integrated Client Databases, which link data from state systems including Medicaid claims and social services receipt.Study DesignMedical system and behavioral health service costs of over 180 000 Medicaid‐enrolled adolescents aged 12‐17 were measured using integrated administrative data from Washington State. Social determinants of health, including child maltreatment and parent risk factors, were also measured. Two‐stage regression models were used to identify factors associated with increased health care utilization and costs.Principal FindingsRegression models revealed that the factors most predictive of higher health care costs were child abuse, child neglect, and instability in out‐of‐home placements related to foster care. Other social determinants of health, such as parent risk factors, were not associated with health care costs. Child maltreatment and placement instability impacted health care costs primarily through large increases in behavioral health utilization and costs.ConclusionsPrevention and early interventions for children and families to decrease child maltreatment and increase foster care placement stability could reduce overall health care costs.
Saving Impact of Mortgage Payments: A Microlevel Study for the U.S. Households
Authors: Güneş Ali , Tunç Cengiz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of the mortgage payments on the saving rate of the U.S. households by employing instrumental variable‐based methods along with the Panel Study Income Dynamics data over the period of 1999–2015. The results show that a 1% increase in the mortgage payments leads to a 0.15‐percentage‐point (corresponding to an actual 8.8%) decrease in the saving rate. The significant depressing effect also prevails even when mortgage payment is decomposed into the principal and interest components. The finding evidence indicates that the changes in the saving rate of the U.S. households can be partially explained by the changes in mortgage payments.
One‐way gates successfully facilitate the movement of burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur) through exclusion fences around reserve
Authors: Butler Kate , Paton David , Moseby Katherine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhen native herbivores are enclosed in fenced reserves without predators or dispersal options then overgrazing can occur, leading to damage to vegetation and co‐occurring fauna species. One‐way gates that allow medium‐sized herbivores to exit fenced reserves may be an effective management tool to address overabundance or facilitate population expansion. We tested the use of one‐way gates to facilitate the movement of the reintroduced burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) from inside to outside a fenced reserve in arid South Australia. One‐way gates were installed in the exterior fence of the reserve and assessed using remote motion‐sensor cameras. The influence of gate position (dune, swale or corner) and provision of food were assessed in relation to gate visits and exits. Animals were trapped inside and outside the gates to determine any population bias in gate exits. Baited gates recorded significantly more exits than unbaited gates and dune gates had higher exit rates than interdunal swale gates. When gates were unbaited, those installed in corners of the reserve showed significantly higher visitation by bettongs and a non‐significant trend towards more exits compared to gates placed in straight sections of fence along dunes or swales. There was no sex or age bias of burrowing bettongs using the gates and bettongs travelled between 75 m and 1535 m from their warrens to use the gates. No non‐target species gained access to the reserve through the one‐way gates and only two non‐target animals used the gates to exit the reserve confirming gate specificity for bettongs. During the same period, 96 burrowing bettongs exited the reserve through the one‐way gates. One‐way gates may be a management strategy for facilitating passive movement of medium‐sized herbivores outside of fenced reserves for the purposes of reducing overpopulation or facilitating population expansion outside reserves.
Modelling large herbivore movement decisions: Beyond food availability as a predictor of ranging patterns
Authors: Boult Victoria L. , Sibly Richard M. , Quaife Tristan , Fishlock Vicki , Moss Cynthia , Lee Phyllis C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ability of animals to adapt to their changing environment will depend in part on shifts in their ranging patterns, but when and why individuals choose to move requires detailed understanding of their decision‐making processes. We develop a simple decision‐making model accounting for resource availability in habitually used ranges. We suggest that disparities between model predictions and animal tracking data indicate additional factors influencing movement decisions, which may be identified given detailed system‐specific knowledge. The model was evaluated using movement data from satellite‐tracked elephants (Loxodonta africana) inhabiting the Amboseli basin in Kenya, moving from savannah areas with low quality but constant resource availability, to areas with temporally constrained higher nutrient availability. Overall, the model fits the data well: There was a good correlation between predicted and observed locations for the combined data from all elephants, but variation between individuals in how well the model fits. For those elephants where model predictions were less successful, additional factors likely to affect movement decisions, including reproduction, anthropogenic threats, memory and perception are suggested. This protocol for building and testing decision‐making models should contribute to success in attempts to preserve sufficient space for large herbivores in their increasingly human‐dominated ecosystems.