bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic quirks and the colourful history of the Euglena gracilis secondary plastid
Authors: Novák Vanclová Anna M. G. , Zoltner Martin , Kelly Steven , Soukal Petr , Záhonová Kristína , Füssy Zoltán , Ebenezer ThankGod E. , Lacová Dobáková Eva , Eliáš Marek , Lukeš Julius , Field Mark C. , Hampl Vladimír 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Euglena spp. are phototrophic flagellates with considerable ecological presence and impact. Euglena gracilis harbours secondary green plastids, but an incompletely characterised proteome precludes accurate understanding of both plastid function and evolutionary history.

Using subcellular fractionation, an improved sequence database and MS we determined the composition, evolutionary relationships and hence predicted functions of the E. gracilis plastid proteome.

We confidently identified 1345 distinct plastid protein groups and found that at least 100 proteins represent horizontal acquisitions from organisms other than green algae or prokaryotes. Metabolic reconstruction confirmed previously studied/predicted enzymes/pathways and provided evidence for multiple unusual features, including uncoupling of carotenoid and phytol metabolism, a limited role in amino acid metabolism, and dual sets of the SUF pathway for FeS cluster assembly, one of which was acquired by lateral gene transfer from Chlamydiae. Plastid paralogues of trafficking‐associated proteins potentially mediating fusion of transport vesicles with the outermost plastid membrane were identified, together with derlin‐related proteins, potential translocases across the middle membrane, and an extremely simplified TIC complex.

The Euglena plastid, as the product of many genomes, combines novel and conserved features of metabolism and transport.
Resident perceptions of opportunity for communication and contribution to care planning in residential aged care
Authors: Bennett Michelle , von Treuer Kathryn , McCabe Marita P. , Beattie Elizabeth , Karantzas Gery , Mellor David , Sanders Kerrie , Busija Ljoudmila , Goodenough Belinda , Byers Jessica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimIrrespective of age, communication is a tool of expression and a key daily activity meeting the human need for social interaction and connection. The introduction of consumer‐directed care (CDC) emphasises the importance of communication to provide consumers with the opportunity to exercise choice over the care they receive. As consumer‐directed care progresses, it is hypothesised that the feasibility of shared decision‐making and care planning in residential aged care will be largely determined by the communication opportunities afforded to the residents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore resident perceptions of the opportunities they have to communicate, including the opportunity to express their care preferences and contribute opinions about their care.DesignA qualitative inductive design was adopted.MethodsAn individual interview format was used to gather the perspectives of 102 residents. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis to generate themes illustrating patterns in participant views.FindingsOverall, residents desired increased involvement in their care planning and increased opportunity for more meaningful communication and social opportunities. Residents described the negative impact of the communication difficulties they face on their communication and the need for support and activities to be tailored to residents' individual communication needs.ConclusionsTo facilitate resident participation in CDC and meet resident desire for increased social communication, further investment in resources to support resident–staff communication and accommodate residents’ individual communication needs is required.Implications for PracticeBy highlighting communication as a stand‐alone activity and a priority of residents, the findings of this study raise the profile of communication and demonstrate the need for explicit allocation of care time and specialist services to support resident–staff communication and social communication in residential aged care. Such support must be tailored to meet residents’ individual communication needs and be coupled with increased staff training in providing communication support. Without facilitating resident communication and increasing the opportunity to communicate, shared decision‐making and care planning in residential aged care consistent with person‐centred and consumer‐directed models of care will be limited.
Radiofrequency versus cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation in the setting of left common pulmonary veins
Authors: Coutiño Hugo‐Enrique , Ströker Erwin , Takarada Ken , Mugnai Giacomo , Abugattas Juan‐Pablo , Sieira Juan , Salghetti Francesca , Terasawa Muryo , Varnavas Varnavas , Maj Riccardo , Osório Thiago Guimarães , Neach Diego , Brugada Pedro , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian‐Battista 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA left common pulmonary vein (LCPV) accounts as the most frequent pulmonary vein (PV) variation. Our aim was to compare the performance of radiofrequency (RF) versus second‐generation cryoballoon (CB‐A) ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and LCPVs.MethodsIn a total cohort of 716 patients undergoing PV isolation with preprocedural CT‐scanning, LCPV+ patients were selected with measurement of PV ostial area and trunk distance. All LCPV+ patients were matched between RF and CB‐A group in a 1:1 ratio based on propensity scores, and compared for outcome.ResultsLeft common pulmonary veins were found in 31% (88/283) RF versus 34% (146/433) CB‐A patients, respectively, (P = .44). In the matched population of 83 LCPV+ patients in each group, electrical isolation could be achieved in all left‐sided PVs. No significant difference was noted for the rate of AF/left atrial tachyarrhythmia (LAT) recurrence between RF and CB‐A group (30% vs 28%, P = .86), with similar AF/LAT‐free survival (log rank, P = .71). There were 48 patients with AF/LAT recurrence (29%) during the follow‐up. Recurrence rate between paroxysmal versus persistent AF was 27/120 (22.5%) versus 21/46 (46%), P = .004. Cox proportional regression analysis withheld LA volume and persistent AF as independent variables to predict AF/LAT recurrence. No increased hazard for AF/LAT recurrence was observed for patients with a long (>15 mm) vs short (5‐15 mm) LCPV trunk (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.6‐2.2, P = .7).ConclusionsIn our study, equal efficacy and outcome was noted in LCPV+ patients between RF and CB‐A technology.
Weather‐informed Light–tissue Model–Based Dose Planning for Indoor Daylight Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: LaRochelle Ethan P. M. , Chapman Michael Shane , Maytin Edward V. , Hasan Tayyaba , Pogue Brian W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDaylight activation for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin lesions is now widely adopted in many countries as a less painful and equally effective treatment mechanism, as compared to red or blue light activation. However, seasonal daylight availability and transient weather conditions complicate light dose estimations. A method is presented for dose planning without placing a large burden on clinical staff, by limiting spectral measurements to a one‐time site assessment, and then using automatically acquired weather reports to track transient conditions. The site assessment tools are used to identify appropriate treatment locations for the annual and daily variations in sunlight exposure for clinical center planning. The spectral information collected from the site assessment can then be integrated with real‐time daily electronic weather data. It was shown that a directly measured light exposure has strong correlation (R2: 0.87) with both satellite cloud coverage data and UV index, suggesting that the automated weather indexes can be surrogates for daylight PDT optical dose. These updated inputs can be used in a dose‐planning treatment model to estimate photodynamic dose at depth in tissue. A simple standardized method for estimating light dose during daylight‐PDT could help improve intersite reproducibility while minimizing treatment times.
Cognitive resources are distributed among the entire auditory landscape in auditory scene analysis
Authors: Symonds Renee M. , Zhou Juin W. , Cole Sally L. , Brace Kelin M. , Sussman Elyse S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough attention has been shown to enhance neural representations of selected inputs, the fate of unselected background sounds is still debated. The goal of the current study was to understand how processing resources are distributed among attended and unattended sounds during auditory scene analysis. We used a three‐stream paradigm with four acoustic features uniquely defining each sound stream (frequency, envelope shape, spatial location, tone quality). We manipulated task load by having participants perform a difficult auditory task and an easy movie‐viewing task with the same set of sounds in separate conditions. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) was measured to evaluate sound processing in both conditions. We found no effect of task demands on unattended sound processing: MMNs were elicited by unattended deviants during both low‐ and high‐load task conditions. A key factor of this result was the use of unique tone feature combinations to distinguish each of the three sound streams, strengthening the segregation of streams. In the auditory task, the P3b component demonstrates a two‐stage process of target evaluation. Thus, these results, in conjunction with results of previous studies, suggest that stimulus‐driven factors that strengthen stream segregation can free up processing capacity for higher‐level analyses. The results illustrate the interactive nature of top‐down and stimulus‐driven processes in stream formation, supporting a distributive theory of attention that balances the strength of the bottom‐up input with perceptual goals in analyzing the auditory scene.
Microalgal pigment induction and transfer in aquaculture
Authors: Pérez‐Legaspi Ignacio Alejandro , Valadez‐Rocha Veronica , Ortega‐Clemente Luis Alfredo , Jiménez‐García Maria Isabel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPigments are bioactive compounds produced by microalgae which have a very important role in the health and performance of aquaculture species, particularly in the early larval stages of marine fish and crustaceans. We review the production of specific pigments by microalgal species emphasizing on the specific culture and stress conditions to promote the accumulation of large amounts of pigments in microalgae such as Haematococcus pluvialis, and different genus of Dunaliella, Muriellopsis, Scenedesmus, Chlorella and Chlorococcum used for aquaculture. We also discuss the differences among different large‐scale production systems and review the dose–effect relation of pigments on the health and performance of different aquaculture species as well as discuss the feasibility of transferring the pigments by using zooplankton species to obtain the benefits of pigments and other compounds produced by microalgae. We conclude more research is needed on the specific dose effects of pigments in the health and performance of aquaculture species at specific developmental stages and that the transfer of these bioactive compounds using zooplankton species is worthy of consideration by the aquaculture industry.
Clastic injectites, internal structures and flow regime during injection: The Sea Lion Injectite System, North Falkland Basin
Authors: Dodd Thomas J. H. , McCarthy Dave J. , Clarke Stuart M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper details and describes a suite of 143 sub‐seismic‐scale clastic injectites encountered within the early Cretaceous, early post‐rift of the deep‐lacustrine North Falkland Basin. The injectites, referred to here as the Sea Lion Injectite System, are encountered below, above and in between the hydrocarbon‐bearing, deep‐lacustrine turbidite sandstones of the Bleaker 30, Sea Lion North, Sea Lion, Casper and Beverley fans. Sedimentary structures are documented within the injectites including: planar laminations, mud‐clast imbrication and clast alignment. Clasts align along centimetre‐scale foresets formed through ripple‐scale bedform migration in a hydraulically‐open fracture. The style of flow within the injectite system is interpreted as initially through fluid turbulence during an open fracture phase, which was followed by a later stage where laminar flow dominated, most likely during the closing phase of the fracture system. The host rocks display evidence for ductile deformation, which along with ptygmatic folding of dykes and internally injected mud‐clasts, suggests a period of injection into relatively uncompacted sediments. Evidence for brittle fracturing, in the form of stepped margins may be indicative of a separate phase of emplacement into more‐compacted sediments. This variability in deformation styles is related to multi‐phased injection episodes into host strata at different stages of consolidation and lithification at shallow burial depths. Injectites have been identified in four stratigraphic groupings: above the Bleaker 30 Fan and within/above the Sea Lion North Fan; within the hydrocarbon‐bearing Sea Lion Fan; overlying the Sea Lion Fan; and above/below the hydrocarbon‐bearing Casper and Beverley fans. This spatial association with the hydrocarbon‐bearing fans of the North Falkland Basin is important, considering the ability of injectite networks to form effective fluid‐flow conduits in the subsurface. Consequently, the findings of this study will improve the characterization of sub‐seismic scale injectites (and therefore fluid conduits) within otherwise impermeable strata.
Retinal endothelial function in cardiovascular risk patients: A randomized controlled exercise trial
Authors: Streese Lukas , Kotliar Konstantin , Deiseroth Arne , Infanger Denis , Gugleta Konstantin , Schmaderer Christoph , Hanssen Henner 
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on retinal microvascular endothelial function in cardiovascular (CV) risk patients. In the randomized controlled trial, middle‐aged and previously sedentary patients with increased CV risk (aged 58 ± 6 years) with ≥ two CV risk factors were randomized into a 12‐week HIIT (n = 33) or control group (CG, n = 36) with standard physical activity recommendations. A blinded examiner measured retinal endothelial function by flicker light‐induced maximal arteriolar (ADmax) and venular (VDmax) dilatation as well as the area under the arteriolar (AFarea) and venular (VFarea) flicker curve using a retinal vessel analyzer. Standardized assessments of CV risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, and retinal endothelial function were performed before and after HIIT. HIIT reduced body mass index, fat mass, and low‐density lipoprotein and increased muscle mass and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Both ADmax (pre: 2.7 ± 2.1%, post: 3.0 ± 2.2%, P = .018) and AFarea (pre: 32.6 ± 28.4%*s, post: 37.7 ± 30.6%*s, P = .016) increased after HIIT compared with CG (ADmax, pre: 3.2 ± 1.8%, post: 2.9 ± 1.8%, P = .254; AFarea, pre: 41.6 ± 28.5%*s, post: 37.8 ± 27.0%*s, P = .186). Venular function remained unchanged after HIIT. There was a significant association between ∆‐change VO2peak and ∆‐changes ADmax and AFarea (P = .026, R2 = 0.073; P = .019, R2 = 0.081, respectively). 12‐weeks of HIIT improved retinal endothelial function in middle‐aged patients with increased CV risk independent of the reduction in classical CV risk factors. Exercise has the potential to reverse or at least postpone progression of small vessel disease in older adults with increased CV risk under standard medication. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis seems to be a sensitive tool to detect treatment effects of exercise interventions on retinal microvascular endothelial function in middle‐aged individuals with increased CV risk.
What makes children defy their peers? Chinese and Spanish preschoolers' decisions to trust (or not) peer consensus
Authors: Sebastián‐Enesco Carla , Guerrero Silvia , Enesco Ileana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe more people agree on the same piece of information, the more likely are individuals to endorse the testimonial information. Children are sensitive to consensus but their trust in what a majority says also depends on the decision context, their previous knowledge, and, interestingly, the culture in which they develop. Here we study Chinese (N = 60) and Spanish (N = 48) preschoolers' sensitivity to the opinion of a group of peers in consensus regarding (a) peer interaction events and (b) use of artifacts. For each context, we varied the degree of ambiguity of the situations: unfamiliar, ambiguous, and familiar, where the majority offered a transgressive opinion in conflict with “common sense.” Children were more likely to trust their peers in the unfamiliar and ambiguous situations. In the familiar situations, children showed greater acceptance of transgressive claims regarding artifacts than peer interaction events. The two cultural groups, however, significantly differed in the degree of endorsement. Although Chinese children gave little credibility to their peers even when facing novel information, Spaniards deferred to them, even at the expense of their own criteria. Together with previous findings, these results indicate culture‐specific patterns related to children's attitudes toward peers versus adults as sources of knowledge.
Haemodynamic and cerebrovascular effects of intermittent lower‐leg compression as countermeasure to orthostatic stress
Authors: Gibbons Travis D. , Zuj Kathryn A. , Prince Chekema N. , Kingston David C. , Peterson Sean D. , Hughson Richard L. 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does smartly timed intermittent compression of the lower legs alter cerebral blood velocity and oxygenation during acute orthostatic challenges?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Intermittent compression timed to the local diastolic phase increased the blood flux through the legs and heart after two different orthostatic stress tests. Cerebral blood velocity improved during the first minute of recovery, and indices of cerebral tissue oxygenation remained elevated for 2 min. These results provide promise for the use of lower‐leg active compression as a therapeutic tool for individuals vulnerable to initial orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic stress.

AbstractIntermittent compression of the lower legs provides the possibility of improving orthostatic tolerance by actively promoting venous return and improving central haemodynamics. We tested the hypothesis that intermittent compression of 65 mmHg timed to occur only within the local diastolic phase of each cardiac cycle would attenuate the decrease in blood pressure and improve cerebral haemodynamics during the first minute of recovery from two different orthostatic stress tests. Fourteen subjects (seven female) performed four squat‐to‐stand transitions and four repeats of standing bilateral thigh‐cuff occlusion and release (TCR), with intermittent compression of the lower legs applied in half of the trials. Blood flow in the superficial femoral artery, mean arterial pressure, Doppler ultrasound cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and cerebral tissue saturation index (TSI%) were monitored. With both orthostatic stress tests, there was a significant compression × time interaction for superficial femoral artery flow (P < 0.001). The hypotensive state was attenuated with intermittent compression despite decreased total peripheral resistance (squat‐to‐stand, compression × time interaction, P < 0.001; TCR, compression × time interaction, P = 0.002) as a consequence of elevated cardiac output in both tests (P < 0.001). Intermittent compression also increased MCAv (P = 0.001) and TSI% (P < 0.001) during the squat‐to‐stand transition and during TCR (MCAv and TSI%, compression × time interaction, P < 0.001). Intermittent compression of the lower legs during quiet standing after an active orthostatic challenge augmented local, central and cerebral haemodynamics, providing potential as a therapeutic tool for individuals vulnerable to orthostatic stress.
Significance of Prandtl Number on the Heat Transport and Flow Structure in Rotating Rayleigh–Bénard Convection
Authors: Venugopal T Vishnu , De Arnab Kumar , Mishra Pankaj Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A direct numerical simulation of rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) for different fluids (Pr=0.015,0.7,1,7,20, and 100) in a cylindrical cell of aspect ratio Γ=0.5 is carried out in this work. The effect of rotation on the heat transfer rate, flow structures, their associated dynamics, and influence on the boundary layers are investigated. The Rayleigh number is fixed to Ra=106 and the rotation rates are varied for a wide range, starting from no rotation (Ro→∞) to high rotation rates (Ro≈0.01). For all the Prandtl numbers (Pr=0.015–100), a reduction in heat transfer with increase in rotation is observed. However, for Pr=7 and 20, a marginal increase of the Nusselt number for low rotation rates is obtained, which is attributed to the change in the flow structure from quadrupolar to dipolar state. The change in flow structure is associated with the statistical behavior of the boundary layers. As the flow makes a transition from quadrupolar to dipolar state, a reduction in the thermal boundary layer thickness is observed. At higher rotation rates, the thermal boundary layer thickness shows a power law variation with the rotation rate. The power law exponent is close to unity for moderate Pr, while it reduces for both lower and higher Pr. At extremely high rotation rates, the flow makes a transition to the conduction state. The critical rotation rate (1/Roc) for which transition to the conduction state is observed depends on the Prandtl number according to 1/Roc∝Pr0.5.
Experimental Study of Flow Inside a Centrifugal Fan Using Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry
Authors: Hoffman Davis W. , Villafañe Laura , Elkins Christopher J. , Eaton John K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D), three-component time-averaged velocity fields have been measured within a low-speed centrifugal fan with forward curved (FC) blades. The model investigated is representative of fans commonly used in automotive applications. The flow was analyzed at two Reynolds numbers for the same ratio of blade rotational speed to outlet flow velocity. The flow patterns inside the volute were found to have weak sensitivity to Reynolds number. A pair of counter-rotating vortices evolves circumferentially within the volute with positive and negative helicity in the upper and lower regions, respectively. Measurements have been further extended to capture phase-resolved flow features by synchronizing the data acquisition with the blade passing frequency. The mean flow field through each blade passage is presented including the jet-wake structure extending from the blade and the separation zone on the suction side of the blade leading edge.