bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid energy systems in unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Mazur Anna Maria , Domanski Roman 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe presented research is carried out in reaction to the soaring costs of fuel and tight control over environmental issues such as carbon dioxide emissions and noise. The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of applying the environmental-friendly energy source in an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) propulsion system.Design/methodology/approachCurrently, the majority of UAVs are still powered by conventional combustion engines. An electric propulsion system is most commonly found in civilian micro and mini UAVs. The UAV classification is reviewed in this study. This paper focuses mainly on application of electric propulsion systems in UAVs. Investigated hybrid energy systems consist of fuel cells, Li-ion batteries, super-capacitors and photovoltaic (PV) modules. Current applications of fuel cell systems in UAVs are also presented.FindingsThe conducted research shows that hybridization allows for better energy management and operation of every energy source onboard the UAV within its limits. The hybrid energy system design should be created to maximize system efficiency without compromising the performance of the aircraft.Practical implicationsThe presented study highlights the reduction of the energy consumption, necessary to perform the mission and maximizing of the endurance with simultaneous decrease in emissions and noise level.Originality/valueThe conducted research studies the feasibility of implementing the environmental-friendly hybrid electric propulsion systems in UAVs that offers high efficiency, reliability, controllability, lack of thermal and noise signature, thus, providing quiet and clean drive with low vibration levels. This paper highlights the main challenges and current research on fuel cell in aviation and draws attention to fuel cell – electric system modeling, hybridization and energy management.
Gender and university degree: a new analysis of entrepreneurial intention
Authors: López-Delgado Pilar , Iglesias-Sánchez Patricia P. , Jambrino-Maldonado Carmen 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine how and why differences in gender affect entrepreneurial intention (EI). Although there are many studies in this area, scholars have yet to reach a consensus.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a survey of students at Malaga University in two stages to introduce a new perspective that links gender and university degree subject with the predisposition towards business creation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is applied.

Findings
Comparing the explanatory power of an additive model and a multiplicative model, this paper confirms that socialisation conditions both men and women in their choice of university studies. Consequently, gender and university degree subject choice are shown to be linked and both affect EI.

Research limitations/implications
These findings provide a starting point for closing the information gap in the literature, but deeper analysis is required to combine other factors, such as international variations and the influence of different education systems on entrepreneurship.

Practical implications
These results are of special value to universities interested in fomenting entrepreneurship in their graduates, allowing them to better propose educational policies and communication campaigns reducing the effect of gender on degree choice.

Originality/value
The contribution of this research is the development of introducing university degree subjects as tied to gender. The study forms one construct together, and not a descriptive variable of the sample selected or as two independent exogenous variables, as is the case in most of the literature in this area.
Optimal distribution of metal foam inserts in a double-pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Arasteh Hossein , Salimpour Mohammad Reza , Tavakoli Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
In the present research, a numerical investigation is carried out to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in a double-pipe, counter-flow heat exchanger exploiting metal foam inserts partially in both pipes. The purpose of this study is to achieve the optimal distribution of a fixed volume of metal foam throughout the pipes which provides the maximum heat transfer rate with the minimum pressure drop increase.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. The metal foams are divided into different number of parts and positioned at different locations. The number of metal foam parts, their placements and their volume ratios in each pipe are sought to reach the optimal conditions. The four-piece metal foam with optimized placement and partitioning volume ratios is selected as the best layout. The effects of the permeability of metal foam on the Nusselt number, the performance evaluation criteria (PEC) and the overall heat transfer coefficient are investigated.

Findings
It was observed that the heat transfer rate, the overall heat transfer coefficient and the effectiveness of the heat exchanger can be improved as high as 69, 124 and 9 per cent, respectively, while the highest value of PEC is 1.36.

Practical implications
Porous materials are widely used in thermo-fluid systems such as regenerators, heat sinks, solar collectors and heat exchangers.

Originality/value
Having less pressure drop than fully filled heat exchangers, partially filled heat exchangers with partitioned metal foams distributed optimally enhance heat transfer rate more economically.
Application of continuous improvement techniques to improve organization performance
Authors: Khan Sharfuddin Ahmed , Kaviani Mohamad Amin , J. Galli Brian , Ishtiaq Palvisha 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study, analyze and implement continuous improvement (CI) techniques in an interior design case company, which faces challenges in different departments that affect the case company performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed methodology implemented in three departments of an interior design company in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). First, the authors analyzed and identified problems using Pareto chart and cause and effect diagram. After that, they improved identified problems using Kaizen, 5S, developed project selection form and modified organization chart. The result has been shown savings regarding money and time.

Findings
Successful implementation of the proposed methodology reduced project in pipeline time from 16 weeks to nine weeks, profit margin increased from 25 to 27 per cent, sales win ratio increase from 11 to 32 per cent, better project and financial forecasting and 92 per cent of tender submission deadline achievement. A habit of clean, tidy and organized workplace has been developed among workers.

Originality/value
Proposed solutions contributed significantly to saving time and effort spent to accomplish different tasks in the case company. The company approved the proposed solutions and implemented them, which show that these proposed solutions are feasible and practical. In addition to that, in literature, most of the CI applications are in the manufacturing or production sectors. This was the first study, which implemented CI techniques in an interior design company.
Sustaining school-based improvement: considering emotional responses to change
Authors: Karami-Akkary Rima , Mahfouz Julia , Mansour Samaya 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Emotions of school leaders influence school culture and structure. Understanding emotions is under-researched and under-theorized in non-western contexts, especially during educational change. The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of the leadership team’s (LT’s) emotional responses to change, their coping strategies and conditions that maintain their commitment to change.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used intrinsic case study research, drawing on data from interviews and a focus group that illuminated perceptions of the LT in a school. The data set was analyzed following the general inductive approach.

Findings
The LT’s experienced three critical incidents (CI) of educational change that provoked a range of intense negative and positive emotions, a national curriculum reform. Despite the team’s attempt to cope with the national curriculum reform (i.e. CI1), negative emotions and unsupportive conditions challenged their commitment to change. In CI2, supportive conditions and effective personal coping strategies helped elicit positive emotions, which led to sustained commitment to change. Emotions experienced during the capacity-building program (i.e. CI3) were predominantly positive due to support from the school principal and coaches, resulting in sustained commitment to change.

Research limitations/implications
Findings from this small-scale case study in Lebanon are not generalizable to other contexts. The time lag could have affected the recollection of experiences. All participants were female, and their experiences might not reflect those of other school members affected by the changes.

Practical implications
Examining emotions during change uncovers insight into school leaders’ subjective experience, facilitates a more nuanced understanding of change, and supports change implementation. Considering emotions during change informs the development of tailored interventions that provide effective support.

Originality/value
This study examines how emotions affect the success of educational change. Contrary to common understanding, change does not always generate negative emotions that impede implementation. School-based improvement creates structural and cultural conditions for effective change as it considers practitioners’ socio-emotional needs, eliciting positive emotions.
Leaders’ experiences in Arizona’s mature education market
Authors: Potterton Amanda U. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeIn Arizona’s mature, market-based school system, we know little about how school leaders make meaning of school choice policies and programs on the ground. Using ethnographic methods, the author asked: How do school leaders in one Arizona district public school and in its surrounding community, which includes a growing number of high-profile and “high-performing” Education Management Organisation (EMO) charter schools, make meaning of school choice policies and programs? The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe author analysed 18 months of qualitative fieldnotes that the author collected during participant observations and six semi-structured school leader interviews from both traditional district public schools in the area (n=4) and leaders from EMO charter schools (n=2).FindingsSchool leaders’ decision-making processes were influenced by competitive pressures. However, perceptions of these pressures and leadership actions varied widely and were complicated by inclusive and exclusive social capital influences from stakeholders. District public school leaders felt pressure to package and sell schools in the marketplace, and charter leaders enjoyed the notion of markets and competition.Practical implicationsAs market-based policies and practices become increasingly popular in the USA and internationally, a study that examines leaders’ behaviours and actions in a long-standing school choice system is timely and relevant.Originality/valueThis study uniquely highlights school leaders’ perceptions and actions in a deeply embedded education market, and provides data about strategies and behaviours as they occurred.
Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care services provided at primary-level and secondary-level health facilities in Indonesia’s health coverage system
Authors: Larasanty Luh Putu Febryana , Cahyadi Maria Fiani , Sudarni Ni Made Rai , Wirasuta I Made Agus Gelgel 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine patient expectation and perception of pharmaceutical care services in order to measure the level of patient satisfaction provided by Indonesia’s health coverage (IHC) system.

Design/methodology/approach
A patient satisfaction survey was conducted at primary-level and secondary-level health facilities operating under IHC system. The assessment was performed using a closed-ended questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The patients’ point of view was evaluated based on their expectation and perception of six dimensions of the pharmaceutical care services they had received. Patient satisfaction was calculated based on the gap between their expectation and their perception.

Findings
A total of 602 patients participated in this research. The levels of the patients’ expectation of the pharmaceutical care services provided at primary-level health facilities range from high (3.39) to very high (3.54), whereas at secondary-level health facilities, the range was from low (2.04) to very high (3.75). This indicates that patients have a higher expectation of the provided pharmaceutical care services compared to the actual experience of the healthcare services that they received, resulting in a low value in the measurement of patient satisfaction levels.

Originality/value
The high level of patient expectation is an opportunity for pharmacists at both primary-level and secondary-level health facilities to continue developing pharmaceutical care services. Improving drug information service, patient counseling and reducing patient waiting time can be good ways to increase patient satisfaction within pharmaceutical care services.
Brand equity in a tourism destination: a case study of domestic tourists in Hoi An city, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Vinh Trung , Nguyen Nguyen Phuc , Tran Phuong Thi Kim , Tran Tuan Nien , Huynh Thuan Thi Phuong 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose and investigate the relationships among the components of brand equity, and examining the effects of these components on overall destination brand equity in Hoi An tourism destination, Vietnam, from the perspective of domestic tourists.

Design/methodology/approach
Questionnaire data were collected from 319 domestic tourists who have visited Hoi An city. The results of empirical tests using a structural equation model support the research hypotheses.

Findings
The results indicate that destination brand awareness has significant, positive effects on destination brand image and destination perceived quality; destination brand image has positive influences on destination perceived quality and destination brand loyalty; destination perceived quality has significant, positive impacts on destination brand loyalty; except for destination brand image, the remaining dimensions have positive and direct impacts on overall destination brand equity.

Originality/value
An integrated model of destination brand equity dimensions and overall destination brand equity was tested in a tourism city in the context of a developing economy. Moreover, relevant implications are provided for destination marketers as to how to improve destination brand equity in the tourism industry.
The functional significance of facultative hyperthermia varies with body size and phylogeny in birds
Authors: Gerson Alexander R. , McKechnie Andrew E. , Smit Ben , Whitfield Maxine C. , Smith Eric K. , Talbot William A. , McWhorter Todd J. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Facultative hyperthermia, the elevation of body temperature above normothermic levels, during heat exposure, importantly affects the water economy and heat balance of terrestrial endotherms. We currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the benefits hyperthermia provides for avian taxa.

Facultative hyperthermia has been proposed to minimize rates of water loss via three distinct mechanisms: M1) by maintaining body temperature (Tb) above environmental temperatures (Te), heat can be lost non‐evaporatively, saving water; M2) by minimizing the thermal gradient when Te > Tb, environmental heat gain and evaporative water loss rates are reduced; and M3) by storing heat via increases in Tb which reduces evaporative heat loss demands and conserves water.

Although individuals may benefit from all three mechanisms during heat exposure, the relative importance of each mechanism has not been quantified among species that differ in their body size, heat tolerance and mechanisms of evaporative heat dissipation.

We measured resting metabolism, evaporative water loss and real‐time Tb from 33 species of birds representing nine orders ranging in mass from 8 to 300 g and estimated the water savings associated with each proposed mechanism. We show that facultative hyperthermia varies in its benefits among species.

Small songbirds with comparatively low evaporative cooling capacities benefit most from (M1), and hyperthermia maintains a thermal gradient that allows non‐evaporative heat losses. Other species benefited most from (M2) minimizing evaporative losses via a reduced thermal gradient for heat gain at high Te. We found that (M3), heat storage, only improved the water economy of the sandgrouse, providing little benefit to other species.

We propose that differences in the frequency and magnitude of hyperthermia will drive taxon‐specific differences in temperature sensitivity of tissues and enzymes and that the evolution of thermoregulatory mechanisms of evaporative heat dissipation may contribute to differences in basal metabolic rate among avian orders.

Understanding the mechanistic basis of heat tolerance is essential to advance our understanding of the ecology of birds living in hot environments that are warming rapidly, where extreme heat events are already re‐structuring avian communities.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Evaluation of gastric residual volume in fasting diabetic patients using gastric ultrasound
Authors: Sabry Rabab , Hasanin Ahmed , Refaat Sherin , Abdel Raouf Sabah , Abdallah Ahmed S. , Helmy Nadia 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDiabetic patients are claimed to have high risk of delayed gastric emptying; however, the evidence concerning residual gastric volume in fasting diabetic patients is not consistent. The aim of this work is to evaluate residual gastric volume in fasting diabetic patients for elective surgery.MethodsFifty patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were included in the study. The study included 25 patients with at least 6‐year history of diabetes and 25 healthy controls. Gastric ultrasound was performed to measure antral cross‐sectional area in semi‐sitting and right lateral positions. Nasogastric tube was inserted after induction of anaesthesia to aspirate and calculate the volume of gastric contents. Both study groups were compared according to antral cross‐sectional area, residual gastric volume, risk of aspiration, in addition to demographic data.ResultsThe diabetic group showed higher median (quartiles) antral cross‐sectional area (13.8 [9.5‐19.5] mm2 versus 8.8 [5.5‐10.5] mm2, P < 0.001), and higher calculated gastric residual volume, (177 [96‐275] mL versus 83 [50‐109] mL, P < 0.001) compared to the control group. The diabetic group also showed higher aspirated volume through the nasogastric tube compared to the control group (150 [85‐210] mL versus 75 [35‐87] mL, P < 0.001). The correlation was very good between calculated residual gastric volume using ultrasound measures and volume of aspirated gastric contents through nasogastric tube.ConclusionPatients with long standing diabetes showed higher residual gastric volume compared to healthy controls after fasting 8 hours for elective surgery.
The effect of knowledge, species aesthetic appeal, familiarity and conservation need on willingness to donate
Authors: Lundberg P. , Vainio A. , MacMillan D. C. , Smith R. J. , Veríssimo D. , Arponen A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEnvironmental non‐governmental organizations (ENGOs) largely select flagship species for conservation marketing based on their aesthetic appeal. However, little is known about the fundraising effectiveness of this approach or how it compares to ecosystem conservation campaigns that use habitat types as flagships. By performing a willingness to donate (WTD) survey of potential online donors from Finland, we identified which motivations and donor characteristics influence their preferences for a range of different flagship species and ecosystems. Using the contingent valuation method and the payment card approach, we found the combined funding for eight mammal flagship species was 29% higher funding than for eight bird flagship species. Furthermore, the aesthetically more appealing species, as well as the species and ecosystems that are native to Finland, attracted the most funding. We then used ordinal logistic regression to identify the factors influencing a donor's WTD, finding that knowledge of biodiversity conservation and familiarity with the flagship was associated with an increased WTD to birds and ecosystems, and people with higher education levels had an increased WTD to ecosystems. Surprisingly, species aesthetic appeal was not related to an increased WTD, although “need of conservation” was, suggesting that highlighting the plight of these less appealing threatened species or ecosystems could raise money. Our results suggest that the factors driving donating to mammals, birds or ecosystems differ, and so underline the importance of considering the diverse motivations behind donation behaviour in fundraising campaigns. They also provide new evidence of the motivations of online donors, an under‐studied group who are likely to become an increasingly important source of conservation funding.
Insulin‐like factor 3, luteinizing hormone and testosterone in testicular cancer patients: effects of β‐hCG and cancer treatment
Authors: Steggink L. C. , van Beek A. P. , Boer H. , Meijer C. , Lubberts S. , Oosting S. F. , de Jong I. J. , van Ginkel R. J. , Lefrandt J. D. , Gietema J. A. , Nuver J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundPrimary hypogonadism (low testosterone and high luteinizing hormone, LH) is present in approximately 20% of testicular cancer (TC) survivors after orchidectomy with or without chemotherapy.ObjectivesWe investigated insulin‐like factor 3 (INSL3), a novel marker of Leydig cell function, in TC patients.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed: (I) a cross‐sectional cohort of TC patients after orchidectomy with or without chemotherapy (1988–1999) at long‐term follow‐up (median 36 and 35 years of age at follow‐up, respectively) and healthy men of similar age; (II) a longitudinal cohort of chemotherapy‐treated TC patients (2000–2008), analyzed before and 1 year after chemotherapy (median 29 years of age at chemotherapy). INSL3, testosterone, and LH were compared between groups and over time and related to pre‐chemotherapy β‐hCG levels.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional cohort, TC patients at median 7 years after orchidectomy and chemotherapy (n = 79) had higher LH (p < 0.001), lower testosterone (p = 0.001), but similar INSL3 as controls (n = 40). After orchidectomy only (n = 25), higher LH (p = 0.02), but no differences in testosterone or INSL3 were observed compared to controls. In the longitudinal cohort, patients with normal pre‐chemotherapy β‐hCG (≤5 mU/L, n = 35) had increased LH 1 year after chemotherapy compared to pre‐chemotherapy (p = 0.001), and no change in testosterone or INSL3. In contrast, patients with high β‐hCG pre‐chemotherapy (n = 42) had suppressed LH, markedly elevated testosterone, and low INSL3 at start of chemotherapy, with increased LH, decreased testosterone, and increased INSL3 1 year later (all p < 0.001).DiscussionChanges in LH show that gonadal endocrine function is disturbed before chemotherapy, 1 year later, and at long‐term follow‐up in chemotherapy‐treated TC patients.ConclusionPre‐chemotherapy, β‐hCG‐producing tumors affect the gonadal endocrine axis, demonstrated by increased testosterone and decreased LH. INSL3 did not uniformly follow the pattern of testosterone.