bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheoscopic Findings and Their Impact on Respiratory Symptoms in Children with Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Balleisen Johannes , Holzki Josef , Cernaianu Grigore , Alejandre Alcàzar Miguel , Dübbers Martin , Fischer Janina 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Esophageal atresia (EA) is often accompanied by tracheobronchial malformations leading to stridor, recurrent bronchitis, and occasionally to life-threatening obstructive apnea after surgical repair. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of tracheomalacia in patients with EA and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) pre- and postoperatively and to find endoscopic correlates leading to clinical airway symptoms.
Methods In a cohort of 362 patients with EA-TEF who underwent 595 tracheoscopies at the Children's Hospital of Cologne between January 1983 and December 2002, impaired tracheal lumen, localization of TEF, tracheal pulsations, and corresponding clinical symptoms were retrospectively analyzed.
Results The incidence of tracheomalacia was higher in patients with EA and TEF (Gross B–D) compared with patients with EA alone (Gross A) and average tracheal collapse does not significantly change before and after surgical repair of the esophagus in all types. Patients with cyanosis while eating and obstructive apnea presented with an average tracheal collapse of 89%. The presence of respiratory symptoms such as cough, stridor, or bronchitis was not associated with a higher grade of tracheal collapse compared with patients without any airway symptoms (average tracheal collapse of 37% in symptomatic patients vs. 33% in nonsymptomatic patients).
Conclusion Tracheomalacia tends to be present independently of surgical procedure. Tracheomalacia should be measured by tracheoscopy (in % of tracheal collapse). Patients with a tracheal collapse of >80%, a ventral pulsation, and obstructive apnea or cyanosis in combination, are at risk for life-threatening situations and further surgical treatment should be considered.
Behandlung von Spenderreaktionen bei präparativen Hämapheresen
Authors: Martens Jörg , Heuft Hans-Gert 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungPräparative Hämapheresen sind in vielen transfusionsmedizinischen Einrichtungen Standardverfahren zur modernen Herstellung von Blutprodukten. Sie kommen jährlich weltweit millionenfach zum Einsatz. Spenderreaktionen im Rahmen von präparativen Hämapheresen bei gesunden unverwandten Spendern sind dank moderner Apheresetechnik und hohen Prozessstandards heute ganz überwiegend als mild und klinisch nicht signifikant einzustufen. Die Kenntnis dieser, aber auch der seltenen schwerwiegenden Reaktionen, ihrer Symptome und ihrer Behandlung ist wichtig, um Spendersicherheit und Spendercompliance zu gewährleisten und Verfahrensabbrüche zu reduzieren bzw. zu vermeiden.
Non-French lexicon in Guianese French Creole
Authors: Wiesinger Evelyn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGuianese French Creole1(GFC) is one of the least studied French Creoles, which is especially true with respect to its non-French-related input. Combining sociohistorical, demographic and linguistic data, this contribution gives a first lexico-etymological account of the GFC lexicon of non-French origin, including Amerindian and Portuguese influences and especially the quantitative and qualitative nature of the contribution made by different Niger-Congo languages. These findings are discussed in light of controversial hypotheses on the particular influence of early numerical and/or socially dominant ethnolinguistic groups on the creole lexicon (i.e.Baker 2012), as well as with regard to word classes and semantic domains to which the different groups contributed. Whereas Gbe and non-Gbe languages clearly diverge with regard to their semantic contribution, the early dominance of presumably Gbe-speaking slaves in French Guiana is not reflected in the numerical proportion of Gbe-related lexical items in GFC, at least on the basis of my still limited data. This study thus tentatively confirms the lesser explanatory power of the lexicon for creole genesis scenarios and points to the fact that sub- or adstrate-related lexical items may have taken very complex etymological routes, which clearly need further study.
Attitudes toward EMI in East Asia and the Gulf
Authors: Graham Keith M. , Eslami Zohreh R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In order to raise global profiles of universities, governments around the world have pushed universities to offer English medium instruction (EMI) courses. While research examining the attitudes toward EMI has been conducted in various countries, these studies generally look at a single university and rarely examine attitudes between countries or regions. In order to investigate attitudes from a macro perspective, this study used a systematic literature review method to synthesize findings on attitudes toward EMI in East Asia and the Gulf. The review was guided by the following research questions: (1) What are the attitudes toward EMI in countries in the Gulf and East Asia? and (2) What are the similarities/differences between countries and what factors can be attributed to these? Attitude scores were calculated for twenty studies from ten countries, and the studies were coded by common themes affecting EMI attitudes. Results show that factors affecting attitudes include language and content issues, choice of medium of instruction, instructor quality, motivation to learn English, and deficit views of the L1. As a result of the findings, it is suggested that governments and universities review their EMI policies in order to ensure education quality and maintain the status of local languages.
Los límites jurídicos de las políticas lingüísticas y la desterritorialidad del catalán
Authors: Jiménez-Salcedo Juan 
Published: March 2019

Resumen
El concepto de territorialidad lingüística remite a la existencia, para cada una de las lenguas
de Europa, de un régimen jurídico propio circunscrito a un territorio determinado. Como categoría opuesta, el concepto de
desterritorialidad implica la existencia de un no-territorio jurídico, en el que no se pueden desarrollar de
manera óptima las políticas lingüísticas necesarias para hacer que una lengua se convierta en lengua pública común. El catalán
puede considerarse lengua mediana de Europa desde el punto de vista demolingüístico, pero está desterritorializada, pues carece de
plenitud institucional al tener que compartir espacio jurídico con el francés y el castellano. Este fenómeno es especialmente
observable en el ámbito educativo, en el que pueden analizarse hasta tres niveles diferentes de desterritorialidad: la influencia
del castellano y el francés como lengua franca y lengua vehicular tradicional en Andorra (nivel 1), la dificultad de encajar el
sistema de conjunción lingüística de Cataluña en el entramado constitucional español (nivel 2) y la insuficiencia de la política
lingüística educativa para revertir la ruptura de la transmisión lingüística intergeneracional en el Rosellón (nivel 3).
R-impersonal interpretation in Italian Sign Language (LIS)
Authors: Mantovan Lara , Geraci Carlo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we examine agent backgrounding in Italian Sign Language (LIS). Specifically, we are interested in
identifying and describing the strategies used by LIS signers to reduce referentiality. On the basis of low-referential contexts
(cf. questionnaire in the Introduction chapter), we recorded target sentences containing potential markers of agent backgrounding
and asked three LIS native signers to provide felicity judgments on them using a 7-point scale. We discuss agent-backgrounding
strategies of different types: (i) manual, (ii) non-manual, and (iii) syntactic. Overall, our study shows that the combination of
raised eyebrows and mouth-corners down associated with the existential quantifier someone and the sign person
makes the agent-backgrounding reading more prominent. Other strategies that can be used in LIS to reduce referentiality are free
relatives, perspective shift, and null subject. We also investigate in more detail the semantic status of someone,
person, and the null subject through well-established tests from the literature.
R-impersonals in Hong Kong Sign Language
Authors: Sze Felix , Tang Gladys 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses R-impersonals in Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL). As evidenced in our questionnaire and conversation data, R-impersonals in HKSL typically make use of null forms, the non-specific indefinite determiner (i.e.,onedet-path(someone)/onedet-path(anyone)), distinguished by non-manual markers), and, occasionally, the Chinese character signhuman/person. HKSL does not show impersonal uses of personal pronouns (e.g.,they, you) which are commonly found in spoken languages. The nominal strategies are determined by the contexts and the referential properties of the impersonal referents, and they differ in the use of space in representing the impersonal referents in subsequent discourse. R-impersonal referents encoded byonedet-path(someone)/onedet-path(anyone) are associated with an area of the upper part of the ipsilateral side of the signing space, but they can still be assigned to a specific locus if the subsequent discourse requires locative information. Impersonal referents introduced by null forms or the Chinese character signhuman/personare typically not spatially anchored.
Strong pronominals in ASL and LSF?
Authors: Schlenker Philippe 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Theories of pronominal strength (e.g., Cardinaletti & Starke 1999)
lead one to expect that sign language, just like spoken language, can have morphologically distinct strong pronominals. We suggest
that American Sign Language (ASL) and French Sign Language (LSF) might have such pronominals, characterized here by the fact that
they may associate with only even in the absence of prosodically marked focus.
The role of behavioural assessment in determining 'positive' affective states in animals.
Authors: Whittaker A. L. , Marsh L. E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The assessment and promotion of positive affective states as opposed to consideration of negative states alone has now become an accepted component of animal welfare thinking. However, methods for assessment of positive affective state are comparatively underdeveloped compared with their negative counterparts. Due to the current lack of established physiological methods for assessing positive effect in animals, behavioural measures are likely to be the closest proxies. In this paper, we broadly review spontaneous behavioural measures that have been utilized in mammals to determine positive affect. This includes luxury behaviours, facial expression, vocalizations and laterality. Play and anticipatory behaviours expressed in animals have received greatest research attention. However, these methods require care in interpretation due to the influence of age and other factors, such as social status on their performance. These methods may also be subjective if descriptions of individual behaviours are not well defined and validated. Methods that are amenable to automation may reduce subjectivity. Automation will also aid in more widespread implementation as an on-enterprise welfare assessment tool. There is a pressing need to develop simple and objective indices of positive affect. The use of vocalizations and facial expressions may fulfil these criteria. Future research attention should be directed towards further characterising these methods.
Loss of Rim15p in shochu yeast alters carbon utilization during barley shochu fermentation
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Tashiro Satoshi , Shintani Dai , Sugimoto Yukiko , Iwami Akihiko , Kajiwara Yasuhiro , Takashita Hideharu , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTRim15p of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a Greatwall-family protein kinase that inhibits alcoholic fermentation during sake brewing. To elucidate the roles of Rim15p in barley shochu fermentation, RIM15 was deleted in shochu yeast. The disruptant did not improve ethanol yield, but altered sugar and glycerol contents in the mash, suggesting that Rim15p has a novel function in carbon utilization.
Single-cell transcriptome-based multilayer network biomarker for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response of gliomas
Authors: Zhang Ji , Guan Meige , Wang Qianliang , Zhang Jiajun , Zhou Tianshou , Sun Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Occurrence and development of cancers are governed by complex networks of interacting intercellular and intracellular signals. The technology of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting the interplay between the cancer cells and the associated microenvironment. Here we combined scRNA-seq data with clinical bulk gene expression data to develop a computational pipeline for identifying the prognostic and predictive signature that connects cancer cells and microenvironmental cells. The pipeline was applied to glioma scRNA-seq data and revealed a tumor-associated microglia/macrophage-mediated EGFR/ERBB2 feedback-crosstalk signaling module, which was defined as a multilayer network biomarker (MNB) to predict survival outcome and therapeutic response of glioma patients. We used publicly available clinical data sets from large cohorts of glioma patients to examine the prognostic significance and predictive accuracy of the MNB, which outperformed conventional gene biomarkers and other methods. Additionally, the MNB was found to be predictive of the sensitivity or resistance of glioma patients to molecularly targeted therapeutics. Moreover, the MNB was an independent and the strongest prognostic factor when adjusted for clinicopathologic risk factors and other existing gene signatures. The robustness of the MNB was further tested on additional data sets. Our study presents a promising scRNA-seq transcriptome-based multilayer network approach to elucidate the interactions between tumor cell and tumor-associated microenvironment and to identify prognostic and predictive signatures of cancer patients. The proposed MNB method may facilitate the design of more effective biomarkers for predicting prognosis and therapeutic resistance of cancer patients.
Interacting, Nonspecific, Immunological Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin and Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis Inactivated Polio Vaccinations: An Explorative, Randomized Trial
Authors: Blok Bastiaan A , de Bree L Charlotte J , Diavatopoulos Dimitri A , Langereis Jeroen D , Joosten Leo A B , Aaby Peter , van Crevel Reinout , Benn Christine S , Netea Mihai G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Certain vaccines, such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), have nonspecific effects, which modulate innate immune responses and lead to protection against mortality from unrelated infections (trained immunity). In contrast, in spite of the disease-specific effects, an enhanced overall mortality has been described after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination in females. This randomized trial aimed to investigate the nonspecific immunological effects of BCG and DTP-containing vaccines on the immune response to unrelated pathogens.

Methods
We randomized 75 healthy, female, adult volunteers to receive either BCG, followed by a booster dose of tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis inactivated polio vaccine (Tdap) 3 months later; BCG and Tdap combined; or Tdap followed by BCG 3 months later. Blood was collected before vaccination, as well as at 1 day, 4 days, 2 weeks, and 3 months after the first vaccination(s), plus 2 weeks after the second vaccination. Ex vivo leukocyte responses to unrelated stimuli and pathogens were assessed.

Results
Tdap vaccination led to short-term potentiation and long-term repression of monocyte-derived cytokine responses, and short-term as well as long-term repression of T-cell reactivity to unrelated pathogens. BCG led to short-term and long-term potentiation of monocyte-derived cytokine responses. When given together with Tdap or after Tdap, BCG abrogated the immunosuppressive effects of Tdap vaccination.

Conclusions
Tdap induces immunotolerance to unrelated antigens, which is partially restored by concurrent or subsequent BCG vaccination. These data indicate that the modulation of heterologous immune responses is induced by vaccination with Tdap and BCG, and more studies are warranted to investigate whether this is involved in the nonspecific effects of vaccines on mortality.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02771782.
Diacylglycerol kinase epsilon nephropathy: late diagnosis and therapeutic implications
Authors: Holanda Maria Izabel de , Gomes Caio Perez , Araujo Stanley de Almeida , Wanderley David Campos , Eick Renato George , Dantas Gustavo Coelho , Tino Michele Karen dos Santos , Pesquero João Bosco , Palma Lilian Monteiro Pereira 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A 17-year-old male presented thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) at 6 months of age with arterial hypertension, anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney injury improving with plasma infusions. Fourteen years later, he was diagnosed with severe arterial hypertension, increase in serum creatinine and chronic TMA on kidney biopsy. Eculizumab was started and after 18 months of treatment, he persisted with hypertension, decline in renal function and proteinuria. Genetic analysis demonstrated mutation in diacylglycerol kinase epsilon (DGKe). Complement blockade was stopped. This case of late diagnosis of DGKe nephropathy highlights the importance of genetic testing in patients presenting TMA during the first year of life.
DUBLIN [Degree of Ulcerative colitis Burden of Luminal Inflammation] Score, a Simple Method to Quantify Inflammatory Burden in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Rowan Catherine R , Cullen Garret , Mulcahy Hugh E , Sheridan Juliette , Moss Alan C , Ryan Elizabeth J , Doherty Glen A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Endoscopic scores of local severity do not reflect disease extent, or disease burden. The DUBLIN score is a simple bedside clinical score that estimates inflammatory burden using both disease severity and extent. As the need to personalize therapy for ulcerative colitis [UC] patients increases, a score accurately assessing disease burden will be of great relevance. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of the DUBLIN score by comparing its performance with objective biomarkers.

Methods
The DUBLIN score was calculated as a product of the Mayo Endoscopic Score [0–3] and disease extent [E1–E3]. Correlation with objective biomarkers was performed in a retrospective ‘discovery cohort’. A ‘validation cohort was recruited from a single centre, where clinical outcomes, colectomy rate, and biochemical data were collected prospectively.

Results
The discovery cohort included 70 patients with UC. The DUBLIN score correlated significantly with faecal calprotectin [FCP] levels [r = 0.394; p < 0.01]. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis using FCP>50μg/g showed a higher area under the ROC curve [AUC] with the DUBLIN score [AUC = 0.76] than with the Mayo Score [AUC = 0.73]. The validation cohort included 41 patients. Patients with a high inflammatory burden [DUBLIN >3] had higher C-reactive protein and FCP, and lower albumin than patients with a low inflammatory burden. A high DUBLIN score was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure. [hazard ratio 2.98 95%, confidence interval 1.002–8.87; p = 0.049]

Conclusion
The DUBLIN score is a simple measure of inflammatory burden, which correlates with objective inflammatory markers and is associated with clinical outcomes, such as treatment failure. The DUBLIN score has the potential to assist in personalizing therapy for patients with UC.
Lung cancer survival and comorbidities in lung cancer screening participants of the Gdańsk screening cohort
Authors: Ostrowski Marcin , Marczyk Michał , Dziedzic Robert , Jelitto-Górska Małgorzata , Marjański Tomasz , Pisiak Sylwia , Jędrzejczyk Tadeusz , Polańska Joanna , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Wojtyniak Bogdan , Rzyman Witold 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2010, the World Health Organisation recommended implementation of screening programmes in four groups of diseases—neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is due to the fact that they share the same, modifiable risk factors.

Methods
Between 2009 and 2011, 8637 heavy smokers (aged 50–75, smoking history &gt;20 pack-years) were screened in the Pomeranian Pilot Lung Cancer Screening Programme (PPP) in Gdańsk, Poland. We looked at 5-year follow-up and analysed the medical events and comorbidities of all participants. One health care provider in the Polish health care system provides a unique opportunity to gather most reliable data on all medical events in each person.

Results
In 52.0% of lung cancer screening participants CVD (33.5%), DM (26.0%) and COPD (21.0%) were diagnosed. Prevalence of these diseases is higher in lung cancer patients than in the non-cancer screening group (P &lt; 0.0001). One hundred and seven (1.2%) lung cancers were diagnosed during PPP programme performance and another 382 cases (4.4%) in the 5-year follow-up, so the potential mean annual lung cancer detection rate is 0.77%.

Conclusions
Lung cancer screening programme offers a great potential for joint screening of lung cancer, CVD, diabetes and COPD.
Physiological and transcriptomic response of Saccharomyces pastorianus to cold storage
Authors: Somani Abhishek , Box Wendy G , Smart Katherine A , Powell Chris D 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Removal of yeast biomass at the end of fermentation, followed by a period of storage before re-inoculation into a subsequent fermentation, is common in the brewing industry. Storage is typically conducted at cold temperatures to preserve yeast quality, a practice which has unfavourable cost and environmental implications. To determine the potential for alleviating these effects, the transcriptomic and physiological response of Saccharomyces pastorianus strain W34/70 to standard (4°C) and elevated (10°C) storage temperatures was explored. Higher temperatures resulted in increased expression of genes associated with the production and mobilisation of intracellular glycogen, trehalose, glycerol and fatty acids, although these observations were limited to early stages of storage. Intracellular trehalose and glycerol concentrations were higher at 4°C than at 10°C, as a consequence of the cellular response to cold stress. However, significant changes in glycogen degradation or cellular fatty acid composition did not occur between the two sets of populations, ensuring that cell viability remained consistent. It is anticipated that this data may lead to changes in standard practice for handling yeast cultures, without compromising yeast quality. This work has significance not only for the brewing industry, but also for food and biofuel sectors requiring short-term storage of liquid yeast.