bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘HEAVEN HELP THE YANKEES IF THEY CAPTURE YOU’: WOMEN READING GONE WITH THE WIND IN OCCUPIED GERMANY
Authors: Oliver Emily 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTFirst published in German in 1937, Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind was one of the most popular books in Germany throughout the Second World War and well into the occupation period. This article investigates why Mitchell's tale of the American Civil War and the South's humiliating defeat and subsequent occupation by hostile powers captured the popular imagination in occupied Germany. Drawing on the portrayal of women in the post‐war German press, the article illuminates how Scarlett O'Hara's transgression of traditional gender roles offered female readers potential for identification with the central character. Through reading Gone with the Wind in relation to debates about women's behaviour, relationships, and bodies during the occupation period, it argues that the novel participated in the victim discourse arising within Germany immediately after the Second World War.
WHICH FISCAL MULTIPLIERS ARE REGIME‐DEPENDENT? A META‐REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Gechert Sebastian , Rannenberg Ansgar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe analyse whether estimated multiplier effects are systematically higher if the economy suffers a downturn. For that purpose, we conduct a meta‐regression analysis on a unique data set of 98 empirical studies with more than 1800 observations on multiplier effects and control for regime‐dependence of the multiplier. We find that spending multipliers are much higher (by about 0.7–0.9 units) during a downturn. Tax multipliers are not sensitive to the economic regime, and generally lower than spending multipliers. Finally, for all spending categories other than government consumption, the multiplier significantly exceeds one during downturns.
Aversion to and Understanding of God Talk in the Public Sphere: A Survey Experiment
Authors: Evans John H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract“God talk” occurs when a member of the public gives religious reasons for a policy claim. The legitimacy of God talk is the subject of great debate among sociological and political theorists of the public sphere. There has never been an empirical study of the general public's views of the legitimacy of God talk itself. Using a vignette survey experiment, I find among the overall public that there is a statistically significant but extremely small degree of aversion to hearing God talk. Additionally, respondents claim to be able to understand God talk just as well as claims justified by science. Aversion to hearing and understanding God talk do differ by the religion of the respondent. I conclude with a discussion of how these results may influence theoretical debate about the public sphere.
Factors Driving Aquaculture Technology Adoption
Authors: Kumar Ganesh , Engle Carole , Tucker Craig 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTechnology adoption has played a key role in the global development and increase in agricultural productivity. However, the decision to adopt a new technology on farms is complex. While the factors that drive the adoption of new technologies have been well studied in agriculture, less attention has been paid to drivers of technology adoption in aquaculture. Aquacultural technologies have developed and advanced rapidly in recent decades, but not all technologies have been adopted readily by farmers. This review paper summarizes some of the critical factors that influence aquaculture technology adoption decisions such as: (1) method of information transfer, (2) characteristics of the technology, (3) farm characteristics, (4) economic factors, and (5) sociodemographic and institutional factors. Fish farmers have tended to adopt technologies that are perceived to be more advantageous than others in terms of productivity, cost efficiency, and ease of management. Price of aquaculture products and profit expectations from business ventures were key economic factors influencing adoption decisions. Given the wide array of species, production practices, and global nature of aquaculture, the intensity and the extent of adoption of technologies depend on the nature of the industry in which they are adopted and their economic, social, political, and regulatory environments.
The role of advanced geriatric nurses in Norway: A descriptive exploratory study
Authors: Henni Silje Havrevold , Kirkevold Marit , Antypas Konstantinos , Foss Christina 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundCare of older adults in the community is becoming increasingly complex. However, nursing staff often has insufficient knowledge and skills to adequately address the needs of frail older adults. There is therefore a need for nurses with advanced qualifications. To meet this need, advanced geriatric nursing has been introduced in Norway.Aims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the experiences of nurses with their new role as advanced geriatric nurses in care of older adults and to determine what strategies the nurses considered important in the development of their new role.DesignThis study applied a descriptive, exploratory design.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 21 nurses who had undergone an educational programme to become advanced geriatric nurses in Norway in 2016. Content analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe participants described a complex and extensive nursing role, which they related to a new understanding of the patients, relatives and the system in which they worked. This new gaze had developed based on a combination of their new knowledge, their skills, experiences and professional interests. The opportunities to use their role depended on their workplace conditions. They related to contextual challenges at their workplace in different ways to optimise the use of their new gaze.ConclusionsCommon for all participants was a broader and deeper understanding of the patient's health and life situation, which guided participants' actions. The key issue in developing the new role was developing effective strategies to foster role integration.Implications for PracticeAdvanced geriatric nurses should collaborate with their managers to create a role that takes advantage of their knowledge and skills, as well as collaborate with colleagues to enhance understanding of utilisation of their role.
Rethinking the Principle of Fair Play
Authors: Tosi Justin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe principle of fair play is widely thought to require simply that costs and benefits be distributed fairly. This gloss on the principle, while not entirely inaccurate, has invited a host of popular objections based on misunderstandings about fair play. Central to many of these objections is a failure to treat the principle of fair play as a transactional principle – one that allocates special obligations and rights among persons as a result of their interactions. I offer an interpretation of the principle of fair play that emphasizes its similarities to another transactional principle: consent. This interpretation reveals that playing fair requires one to reciprocate specifically by following the rules of the cooperative scheme from which one benefits, just as consent requires one to act according to the terms of an agreement. I then draw on the comparison with consent to reply to some popular and persistent objections to the principle.
Positive emotion in distress as a potentially effective emotion regulation strategy for depression: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Yamaguchi Keiko , Ito Masaya , Takebayashi Yoshitake 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesEmotion regulation utilizing positive emotion during negative emotional states might be one of the effective ways to alleviate depression and anxiety problems among people with emotional disorders. This study examined the psychometric properties and incremental validity of the Positive Emotion In Distress Scale (PEIDS), a newly developed self‐report scale, in a sample of university students in Japan.Design and methodsTo examine the psychometric properties of the PEIDS, the scale was completed by Japanese university students (396 men and 363 women; mean age of 19.92). Participants additionally answered the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Rumination and Reflection Questionnaire – Shorter Version, Affective Style Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affective Schedule, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The survey was conducted at two time points separated by 1 month to assess test–retest reliability and validity of the PEIDS.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a one‐factor structure. Reliability was confirmed by high internal consistency and test–retest stability; the convergent and discriminant validity was confirmed by correlations with related and unrelated variables. The results of hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that positive emotion in distress might predict depression above and beyond the effect of baseline depression and other common emotion regulation strategies.ConclusionsThe PEIDS showed acceptable reliability and validity within young adults and a non‐clinical population in Japan. Further research will be needed to examine the effect of positive emotion among clinical populations.Practitioner points

Previous research suggests that positive emotions play a key role in recovery from depression and anxiety problems through some forms of psychotherapy.

The Positive Emotion In Distress Scale (PEIDS) measures individual differences regarding the extent to which people can experience positive emotions in negative emotional states.

Results suggested that the subjective rating of the ability to experience positive emotions in distress might alleviate depression prospectively but not anxiety problems.

The effect of positive emotion in distress demonstrated to have beyond the effects of other emotion regulation strategies.
Executive control of bureaucracy and presidential cabinet appointments in East Asian democracies
Authors: Lee Don S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article examines the role of cabinet appointments in controlling the bureaucracy in presidential democracies. I demonstrate how administrative challenges stemming from the structure of the bureaucracy shape presidential choice of ministers. Analyzing a sample of four East Asian cases from 1986 through 2013, I find that presidents are more likely to select ministers from the civil service as bureaucracies are more professionalized, controlling for several political factors. Further evidence from qualitative interviews and case studies suggests that, in professionalized systems equipped with a sizable pool of talent but lacking responsiveness, presidents tend to promote ideologically aligned senior civil servants. However, in politicized systems, where presidents easily obtain responsiveness but face a low level of competence, policy experts tend to be selected from outside the bureaucracy. My findings have important implications for the regulatory governance and state capacity of East Asia, demonstrating the value of balancing between responsiveness and competence.
Forecasting Gross Domestic Product Growth with large Unbalanced Data Sets: The Mixed Frequency Three-pass Regression Filter
Authors: Hepenstrick Christian , Marcellino Massimiliano 
Published: March 2018

SummaryGross domestic product (GDP) is a key summary of macroeconomic conditions and it is closely monitored both by policy makers and by decision makers in the private sector. However, it is only available on a quarterly frequency, and in many countries it is released with a substantial delay. There are, however, many higher frequency and more timely economic and financial indicators that could be used for nowcasting and short-term forecasting GDP. Against this backdrop, we propose a modification of the three-pass regression filter to make it applicable to large mixed frequency data sets with ragged edges in a forecasting context. The resulting method, labelled MF-3PRF, is very simple but compares well with alternative mixed frequency factor estimation procedures in terms of theoretical properties and actual GDP nowcasting and forecasting for the USA and a variety of other countries.
The myth of the immature barrier systems in the developing brain: role in perinatal brain injury
Authors: Mallard Carina , Ek C. Joakim , Vexler Zinaida S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCentral nervous system homeostasis is maintained by cellular barriers that protect the brain from external environmental changes and protect the CNS from harmful molecules and pathogens in the blood. Historically, for many years these barriers were thought of as immature, with limited functions, during brain development. In this review, we will present advances in the understanding of the barrier systems during development and evidence to show that in fact the barriers serve many important neurodevelopmental functions and that fetal and newborn brains are well protected. We will also discuss how ischaemic injury or systemic inflammation may breach the integrity of the barriers in the developing brain.
image
Hormone‐sensitive lipase preferentially redistributes to lipid droplets associated with perilipin‐5 in human skeletal muscle during moderate‐intensity exercise
Authors: Whytock Katie L. , Shepherd Sam O. , Wagenmakers Anton J. M. , Strauss Juliette A. 
Published: March 2018

Key points
Hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) are the key enzymes involved in intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) lipolysis.
In isolated rat skeletal muscle, HSL translocates to IMTG‐containing lipid droplets (LDs) following electrical stimulation, but whether HSL translocation occurs in human skeletal muscle during moderate‐intensity exercise is currently unknown.
Perilipin‐2 (PLIN2) and perilipin‐5 (PLIN5) proteins have been implicated in regulating IMTG lipolysis by interacting with HSL and ATGL in cell culture and rat skeletal muscle studies.
This study investigated the hypothesis that HSL (but not ATGL) redistributes to LDs during moderate‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle, and whether the localisation of these lipases with LDs was affected by the presence of PLIN proteins on the LDs.
HSL preferentially redistributed to PLIN5‐associated LDs whereas ATGL distribution was not altered with exercise; this is the first study to illustrate the pivotal step of HSL redistribution to PLIN5‐associated LDs following moderate‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle.
AbstractHormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) control skeletal muscle lipolysis. ATGL is present on the surface of lipid droplets (LDs) containing intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) in both the basal state and during exercise. HSL translocates to LD in ex vivo electrically stimulated rat skeletal muscle. Perilipin‐2‐ and perilipin‐5‐associated lipid droplets (PLIN2+ and PLIN5+ LDs) are preferentially depleted during exercise in humans, indicating that these PLINs may control muscle lipolysis. We aimed to test the hypothesis that in human skeletal muscle in vivo HSL (but not ATGL) is redistributed to PLIN2+ and PLIN5+ LDs during moderate‐intensity exercise. Muscle biopsies from 8 lean trained males (age 21 ± 1 years, BMI 22.6 ± 1.2 kg m−2 and 48.2 ± 5.0 ml min−1 kg−1) were obtained before and immediately following 60 min of cycling exercise at ∼59% . Cryosections were stained using antibodies targeting ATGL, HSL, PLIN2 and PLIN5. LDs were stained using BODIPY 493/503. Images were obtained using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and object‐based colocalisation analyses were performed. Following exercise, HSL colocalisation to LDs increased (P < 0.05), and was significantly greater to PLIN5+ LDs (+53%) than to PLIN5− LDs (+34%) (P < 0.05), while the increases in HSL colocalisation to PLIN2+ LDs (+16%) and PLIN2− LDs (+28%) were not significantly different. Following exercise, the fraction of LDs colocalised with ATGL (0.53 ± 0.04) did not significantly change (P < 0.05) and was not affected by PLIN association to the LDs. This study presents the first evidence of exercise‐induced HSL redistribution to LDs in human skeletal muscle and identifies PLIN5 as a facilitator of this mechanism.
Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors for Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Luther Megan K. , Parente Diane M. , Caffrey Aisling R. , Daffinee Kathryn E. , Lopes Vrishali V. , Martin Emily T. , LaPlante Kerry L. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The molecular and clinical factors associated with biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) are incompletely understood. Biofilm production for 182 MRSA isolates obtained from clinical culture sites (2004 to 2013) was quantified. Microbiological toxins, pigmentation, and genotypes were evaluated, and patient demographics were collected. Logistic regression was used to quantify the effect of strong biofilm production (versus weak biofilm production) on clinical outcomes and independent predictors of a strong biofilm. Of the isolates evaluated, 25.8% (47/182) produced strong biofilms and 40.7% (74/182) produced weak biofilms. Strong biofilm-producing isolates were more likely to be from multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex 8 (CC8) (34.0% versus 14.9%;
P
= 0.01) but less likely to be from MLST CC5 (48.9% versus 73.0%;
P
= 0.007). Predictors for strong biofilms were
spa
type t008 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 17.1) and receipt of chemotherapy or immunosuppressants in the previous 90 days (aOR, 33.6; 95% CI, 1.68 to 673). Conversely, patients with high serum creatinine concentrations (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.72) or who previously received vancomycin (aOR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.39) were less likely to harbor strong biofilm-producing MRSA. Beta-toxin-producing isolates (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.89) and isolates with
spa
type t895 (aOR, 0.02 95% CI, <0.001 to 0.47) were less likely to produce strong biofilms. Patient outcomes also varied between the two groups. Specifically, patients with strong biofilm-forming MRSA were significantly more likely to be readmitted within 90 days (aOR, 5.43; 95% CI, 1.69 to 17.4) but tended to have decreased 90-day mortality (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.12 to 1.06). Patients that harbored t008 and received immunosuppressants were more likely to have strong biofilm-producing MRSA isolates. Clinically, patients with strong biofilm-forming MRSA were less likely to die at 90 days but five times more likely to be readmitted.
In Vitro
Antifungal Activity of Novel Triazole Efinaconazole and Five Comparators against Dermatophyte Isolates
Authors: Rezaei-Matehkolaei Ali , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Alshahni Mohamad Mahdi , Tamura Takashi , Satoh Kazuo , Abastabar Mahdi , Shokoohi Gholam Reza , Ahmadi Bahram , Kord Mohammad , Taghipour Simin , Makimura Koichi , Badali Hamid 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to assess the
in vitro
activity of the novel triazole antifungal drug, efinaconazole, and five comparators (luliconazole, lanoconazole, terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole) against a large collection of
Trichophyton interdigitale
and
Trichophyton rubrum
clinical isolates. The geometric mean MICs were the lowest for luliconazole (0.0005 μg/ml), followed by lanoconazole (0.002 μg/ml), efinaconazole (0.007 μg/ml), terbinafine (0.011 μg/ml), itraconazole (0.095 μg/ml), and fluconazole (12.77 μg/ml). It appears that efinaconazole, lanoconazole, and luliconazole are promising candidates for the treatment of dermatophytosis due to
T. interdigitale
and
T. rubrum
.
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Iclaprim versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Suspected or Confirmed To Be Due to Gram-Positive Pathogens (REVIVE-2 Study)
Authors: Holland Thomas L. , O'Riordan William , McManus Alison , Shin Elliot , Borghei Ali , File Thomas M. , Wilcox Mark H. , Torres Antoni , Dryden Matthew , Lodise Thomas , Oguri Toyoko , Corey G. Ralph , McLeroth Patrick , Shukla Rajesh , Huang David B. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Iclaprim is a novel diaminopyrimidine antibiotic that may be an effective and safe treatment for serious skin infections. The safety and effectiveness of iclaprim were assessed in a global phase 3, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled trial. Six hundred thirteen adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) suspected or confirmed to be due to Gram-positive pathogens were randomized to iclaprim (80 mg) or vancomycin (15 mg/kg of body weight), both of which were administered intravenously every 12 h for 5 to 14 days. The primary endpoint was a ≥20% reduction in lesion size compared with that at the baseline at 48 to 72 h after the start of administration of study drug in the intent-to-treat population. Among patients randomized to iclaprim, 78.3% (231 of 295) met this primary endpoint, whereas 76.7% (234 of 305) of those receiving vancomycin met this primary endpoint (difference, 1.58%; 95% confidence interval, −5.10% to 8.26%). This met the prespecified 10% noninferiority margin. Iclaprim was well tolerated, with most adverse events being categorized as mild. In conclusion, iclaprim was noninferior to vancomycin in this phase 3 clinical trial for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. On the basis of these results, iclaprim may be an efficacious and safe treatment for skin infections suspected or confirmed to be due to Gram-positive pathogens. (This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02607618.)