bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering novel polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and unique pathway in yeast hanseniaspora valbyensis for sustainable bioplastic production
Authors: Abd-El-Haleem Desouky A.M. , Elkatory Marwa R. , Abu-Elreesh Gadallah M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the exploration of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes within wild-type yeast strains, spotlighting the exceptional capabilities of isolate DMG-2. Through meticulous screening, DMG-2 emerged as a standout candidate, showcasing vivid red fluorescence indicative of prolific intracellular PHA granules. Characterization via FTIR spectroscopy unveiled a diverse biopolymer composition within DMG-2, featuring distinct functional groups associated with PHA and polyphosphate. Phylogenetic analysis placed DMG-2 within the Hanseniaspora valbyensis NRRL Y-1626 group, highlighting its distinct taxonomic classification. Subsequent investigation into DMG-2’s PHA biosynthesis genes yielded promising outcomes, with successful cloning and efficient PHA accumulation confirmed in transgenic E. coli cells. Protein analysis of ORF1 revealed its involvement in sugar metabolism, supported by its cellular localization and identification of functional motifs. Genomic analysis revealed regulatory elements within ORF1, shedding light on potential splice junctions and transcriptional networks influencing PHA synthesis pathways. Spectroscopic analysis of the biopolymer extracted from transgenic E. coli DMG2-1 provided insights into its co-polymer nature, comprising segments of PHB, PHV, and polyphosphate. GC-MS analysis further elucidated the intricate molecular architecture of the polymer. In conclusion, this study represents a pioneering endeavor in exploring PHA biosynthesis genes within yeast cells, with isolate DMG-2 demonstrating remarkable potential. The findings offer valuable insights for advancing sustainable bioplastic production and hold significant implications for biotechnological applications.
3D hydrogen-like screening effect on excitons in hBN-encapsulated monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Takahashi S. , Kusaba S. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Yanagi K. , Tanaka K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We observe both s-series and p-series excitons by using sum frequency generation spectroscopy on monolayer (1L-)MX2 (M = Mo, W, X = S, Se) encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Moreover, we perform numerical calculations with the Rytova-Keldysh potential and obtain the relative dielectric constant of hBN among other parameters. The obtained relative dielectric constant can be approximated by the high-frequency limit of the infrared dispersion even though the exciton binding energies are almost on the phonon resonances in hBN. This suggests that the theoretically indicated modification of the exciton level structure due to the phonon resonances is negligible. The power-law scaling of exciton binding energies indicates that dielectric screening of 1L-MX2 exciton levels other than 1s can be approximated by that of a 3D hydrogen model with the dielectric constant of hBN.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for fibromyalgia-like syndrome in patients with Long-COVID: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zulbaran-Rojas Alejandro , Bara Rasha O. , Lee Myeounggon , Bargas-Ochoa Miguel , Phan Tina , Pacheco Manuel , Camargo Areli Flores , Kazmi Syed Murtaza , Rouzi Mohammad Dehghan , Modi Dipaben , Shaib Fidaa , Najafi Bijan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia-like symptoms including chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and/or gait impairment in twenty-five individuals with long-COVID. Participants were randomized to a high dose (intervention group, IG) or low dose (placebo group, PG) TENS device. Both groups received daily 3–5 h of TENS therapy for 4-weeks. The Brief Pain Inventory assessed functional interference from pain (BPI-I), and pain severity (BPI-S). The global fatigue index (GFI) assessed functional interference from fatigue. Wearable technology measured gait parameters during three 30-feet consecutive walking tasks. At 4-weeks, the IG exhibited a greater decrease in BPI-I compared to the PG (mean difference = 2.61, p = 0.008), and improved in gait parameters including stride time (4-8%, test condition dependent), cadence (4-10%, depending on condition), and double-support phase (12% in dual-task) when compared to baseline. A sub-group meeting the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria undergoing high-dose TENS showed GFI improvement at 4-weeks from baseline (mean change = 6.08, p = 0.005). Daily TENS therapy showed potential in reducing functional interference from pain, fatigue, and gait alterations in long-COVID individuals. The study’s limited power could affect the confirmation of certain observations. Extending the intervention period may improve treatment effectiveness.
Warming-induced contrasts in snow depth drive the future trajectory of soil carbon loss across the Arctic-Boreal region
Authors: Pongracz Alexandra , Wårlind David , Miller Paul A. , Gustafson Adrian , Rabin Sam S. , Parmentier Frans-Jan W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Arctic-Boreal region is projected to experience spatially divergent trends in snow depth following climate change. However, the impact of these spatial trends has remained largely unexplored, despite potentially large consequences for the carbon cycle. To address this knowledge gap, we forced a customised arctic version of the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS with daily CMIP6 outputs from a global climate model (MRI-ESM2-0) under three climate scenarios. We find that snow depths increased the most in the coldest, northernmost regions, insulating the soil, which led to increased heterotrophic respiration and reduced carbon residence times. We emphasise the need for improved projections of future snow depth - in particular diverging trends across landscapes - to more accurately simulate the strength of Arctic-Boreal carbon feedbacks and their impact on global climate.
How climate change intensified storm Boris’ extreme rainfall, revealed by near-real-time storylines
Authors: Athanase Marylou , Sánchez-Benítez Antonio , Monfort Eva , Jung Thomas , Goessling Helge F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDisentangling the impact of climate change on environmental extremes is of key importance for mitigation and adaptation. Here we present an automated system that unveils the climate change signal of the day in near-real-time, employing a set of innovative storyline simulations based on a coupled climate model. Its potential to complement probabilistic assessments is showcased for storm Boris, which brought record-breaking rainfall over Central and Eastern Europe in September 2024, leading to devastating floods. Our near-real-time storylines suggest that storm Boris deposited about 9% more rain due to human-induced warming. The area impacted by the same storm’s extreme rainfall (>100 mm) was 18% larger and would continue expanding in a future warmer climate. Results from our prototype storyline system are disseminated publicly via an online tool. The case of Storm Boris demonstrates the potential of near-real-time storylines for rapid evidence-based climate change communication.
Flocs as vectors for microplastics in the aquatic environment
Authors: Wu Nan , Grieve Stuart W. D. , Manning Andrew J. , Spencer Kate L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are an important component of suspended particulate matter in aquatic environments with two main transport modes, that is, as individual entities or in flocs. Despite its importance to MP pollution management, understanding and predicting MP flocculation remains a challenge. In this Article, we combined a meta-analysis of published data (>2,000 measurements) with new experimental data (>4,000 measurements) to investigate which size fraction of MPs can be incorporated into and transported by flocs in the aquatic environment. The size relationship between MPs and flocs can be used to predict the flocculation of MPs in various aquatic environments, and we have proposed a mathematical model to show that small MPs (<162 µm) are predominantly transported as flocs, regardless of the physicochemical characteristics of the MPs or water body. This provides valuable information to predict the transport modes of MPs, presenting a critical insight for multiple environmental settings and future pollution control strategies.
Design and fabrication of PCF‐based terahertz sensor for breast cancer cell detection
Authors: Noor Khalid Sifulla , Bani Most. Momtahina , Ferdous A. H. M. Iftekharul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is a type of cancer that is common in women worldwide, which emphasises its significance in identification with preventative treatment methods. The invented Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) exhibits outstanding performance in detecting Breast Cancer. The suggested model of the authors includes Hybrid layout within clad surface alongside Square Core. Introduced PCF detector exhibits max Relative Sensitivity (RS) of 96.82% as well 96.74% for breast cancer cell MCF‐7 as well MDA‐MB‐231 correspondingly. The authors also investigated the Confinement Loss of 1.642 × 10−10 dB/m, 2.461 × 10−10 dB/m with Effective Material Loss of 0.0473, 0.0565 cm−1 for the mentioned cells. Increased outcomes, customised therapy, plus quick action are made possible by swift identification in breast carcinoma. Timely malignancy detection reduces requirements to severe therapy by enabling simpler medicines. Additionally, making continuous illness detection easier, improving patient treatment. Furthermore, reliable evaluation contributes for investigating advancements that improve worldwide recognition as well as therapy alternatives. The introduced PCF Perhaps crucial in quick identification of these deadly cells as it has an extraordinary sensing ability. In conclusion, it has numerous possibilities in the healthcare sector.
Dynamics of star associations in an SMBH–IMBH system
Authors: Pavlík Václav , Karas Vladimír , Bhat Bhavana , Peißker Florian , Eckart Andreas 
Published: November 2024

Context. The existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) still poses challenges to theoretical and observational astronomers. Several candidates have been proposed, including the one in the IRS13 cluster in the Galactic centre, where the evidence is based on the velocity dispersion of its members; however, none have been confirmed to date.
Aims. We aim to gain insights into the presence of an IMBH in the Galactic centre through a numerical study of the dynamical interplay between an IMBH and star clusters (SCs) in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH).
Methods. We used high-precision N-body models of IRS13-like SCs in the Galactic centre, and of more massive SCs that fall into the centre of the Galaxy from larger distances.
Results. We find that at IRS13’s physical distance of 0.4 pc, an IRS13-sized SC cannot remain gravitationally bound even if it contains an IMBH of thousands of M⊙. Thus, IRS13 appears to be an incidental present-day clumping of stars. Furthermore, we show that the velocity dispersion of tidally disrupted SCs (the likely origin of IRS13) can be fully accounted for by the tidal forces of the central SMBH; the IMBH’s influence is not essential.
Sulfur-bearing molecules in a sample of early star-forming cores
Authors: Martinez N. C. , Paron S. , Ortega M. E. , Petriella A. , Álamo A. , Brook M. , Carballo C. , Heberling T. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. The sulfur content in dense molecular regions is highly depleted in comparison to diffuse clouds. The reason for this phenomenon is unclear, and it is therefore necessary to carry out observational studies of sulfur-bearing species toward dense regions, mainly in early evolution stages. In this context, the analysis of sulfur-bearing molecules in a large sample of dense starless molecular cores is of great importance to help us uncover the early sulfur chemistry in these regions.
Methods. From the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) data archive, we selected a project in Band 7 (275-373 GHz), which contains the emission of several sulfur-bearing species. The observations were performed toward a sample of 37 dense cores that are embedded in the most massive infrared-quiet molecular clumps from the ATLASGAL survey. The lines of 34SO, SO2, NS, SO, SO+, and H2CS were analyzed, and the column densities of each molecular species were obtained. Based on the continuum emission and two CH3OH lines, the 37 cores were characterized in density and temperature, and the corresponding H2 column densities were derived. The abundances of these sulfur-bearing species were derived and studied.
Results. We find that the abundances of the analyzed sulfur-bearing species increase with increasing gas temperature. Based on the correlation between abundances and temperature, we suggest that the chemistry involved in the formation of each of the analyzed molecules may similarly depend on Tk in the range 20–100 K. Additionally, we find that the comparisons among abundances are highly correlated in general. Taking into account that this correlation decreases in more evolved sources, we suggest that the sulfur-bearing species we analyzed have a similar chemical origin. Our observational results show that the X(SO2)/X(SO) ratio can be used as a chemical clock of molecular cores. Based on the line widths of the molecular lines, we point out that molecules with an oxygen content (34SO, SO2, SO, and SO+) may be associated with warmer and more turbulent gas than the other molecules. H2CS and NS are associated with more quiescent gas, probably in the external envelopes of the cores, which trace similar physical and chemical conditions. We complement recent similar works done toward more evolved sources with a large sample of sources, but also provide quantitative information about abundances that might be useful in chemical models for explaining the sulfur chemistry in the interstellar medium.
Perioperative Immuntherapie beim operablen Lungenkarzinom: aktuelle Studienlage und neue Therapiestandards
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Ohm Birte , Schmid Severin 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung der Immuntherapie hat die Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms drastisch verändert, wobei auch die perioperative Applikation bei lokal fortgeschrittenen nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinomen ermutigende Ergebnisse gezeigt hat. Die neoadjuvanten und perioperativen Therapieregime der CheckMate-816- und KEYNOTE-671-Studie sowie die adjuvanten Therapien nach dem IMPower010- und dem PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091-Protokoll wurden bereits von der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) für die Behandlung ausgewählter Fälle zugelassen. Weitere Therapieregime und Kombinationstherapien mit unterschiedlichen Wirkstoffgruppen und Therapiemodalitäten werden derzeit auf ihre Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit überprüft. Aus der veränderten Therapielandschaft ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten, aber auch Herausforderungen für die behandelnden Disziplinen. Die aktuelle Studienlage zur perioperativen Immuntherapie des resektablen Lungenkarzinoms und die sich daraus ergebenden Handlungsempfehlungen,
insbesondere bez. der Patientenselektion sowohl für eine neoadjuvante als auch adjuvante Immuntherapie sowie die derzeitigen Forschungsbemühungen werden in diesem Artikel beleuchtet.
Characterization of CD3+ T Lymphocytes in Human Coronary Thrombi with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gu Muyang , Xia Ni , Zhang Si , Zhu Xinyu , Liu Meilin , Lu Yuzhi , Li Nana , Yang Haoyi , Tang Tingting , Nie Shaofang , Li Jingyong , Yang Fen , Jiao Jiao , Lv Bingjie , Wang Weimin , Hu Desheng , Hu Jiong , Liu Huirong , Chen Chen , Cheng Xiang 
Published: November 2024

Background The occurrence and development of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are accompanied by coronary atherothrombosis and occlusion, and immune responses play prominent roles in their pathogeneses. However, the causes of atherothrombosis remain elusive, and a comprehensive study of T cell-mediated immune responses in coronary thrombi from STEMI patients is lacking.
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the heterogeneity and clonality of CD3+ T lymphocytes in STEMI patients at the single-cell level.
Methods Paired single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed on CD3+ T lymphocytes in the coronary thrombi and peripheral blood of STEMI patients, as well as the blood from control subjects without coronary artery disease (CAD).
Results Compared with those in the peripheral blood of STEMI patients, the activation, cytotoxicity, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic characteristics of CD3+ T lymphocytes in coronary thrombi were decreased, and the clonality of CD3+ T cells was increased. Compared with those from non-CAD controls, T lymphocytes from STEMI patients exhibited an upregulation of genes related to recent TCR engagement, suggesting antigen-specific stimulation in STEMI. Antigen specificity prediction using an algorithm indicated the probability of T cells from different patients binding to similar antigens for clonal expansion during STEMI.
Conclusion This study provides a basis for exploring the cellular heterogeneity of CD3+ T lymphocytes in the coronary thrombi and peripheral blood of STEMI patients. Identifying the precise adaptive immune mechanisms driving atherothrombosis may lead to innovative therapies that selectively target the aberrant immune response, resulting in more effective treatments for STEMI.
Mutterschutz in der Pneumologie – Überlegungen für eine Positivliste
Authors: Ganzert Christine , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungAufgrund zahlreicher Risiken wie zum Beispiel der Umgang mit Infektionserregern oder mit Narkosegasen scheint eine Weiterbeschäftigung werdender/stillender Mütter in interventionellen Fächern schwierig umsetzbar zu sein. Oftmals ist eine Schwangerschaft von Ärztinnen mit einem Beschäftigungsverbot verbunden und damit gleichbedeutend mit einer Verzögerung der beruflichen Karriere.
Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, eine Positivliste zu erarbeiten, die Schwangeren eine risikoarme Weiterbeschäftigung auch während der Schwangerschaft erlaubt und Arbeitgebern eine Handlungshilfe für die Erstellung einer anlassbezogenen Gefährdungsbeurteilung bietet.
Die narrative Kurzübersicht basiert auf den Empfehlungen, die sowohl von Fachgesellschaften als auch vom Ausschuss für Mutterschutz erstellt worden sind. Sie soll Hilfestellung für die Erstellung einer individuellen Gefährdungsbeurteilung nach Mitteilung einer Schwangerschaft im Fachbereich Pneumologie geben, um Ärztinnen risikoarm weiterbeschäftigen zu können.
In Silico Techniques Unveil the Anticancer Potential of Himalayan Pteridophytic Compounds via PI3K Inhibition
Authors: Singh Mansi , Bansal Priya , Gupta Siddhi , Sharma Shivani , Prakash Surya , Katiyar Deepti , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction Inhibiting the signaling protein/gene involved in cancer progression may affect the signaling cascade and could be a possible targeted approach against progressive cancer. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of bioactive compounds from selected Himalayan pteridophytes by targeting the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway using in silico techniques.
Materials and Methods In the present study, we identified various Himalayan pteridophytes via literature search from different search engines like Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, etc. Among all, four Himalayan pteridophytes were chosen whose bioactive constituents were already identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Molecular docking via PyRx software was performed against two PI3K target proteins (PDB ID: 5OQ4 and PDB ID: 3OAW) for determining the binding affinity of selected bioactive constituents against cancer. Drug likeliness and toxicity assessment were also carried out by using Swiss ADME and ProTox-II.
Results and Discussion Molecular docking study identified 12 bioactive molecules with favorable binding affinities (ranging from –7.3 to –10.00 kcal/mol) against PI3K pathway. Among 12 constituents, 3 molecules named as PC-2 (Matteucinol), PC-4 (Matteuorienate-A), and PC-9 (flavan-4-ol) have binding affinity more than the reference compounds. These results suggest that these constituents may serve as a promising candidate for further in vitro and in vivo studies in cancer therapeutics. The selected bioactive compounds demonstrate promising anticancer activity via PI3K inhibition, warranting further experimental validation and development as potential cancer therapeutics.
Investigation of an improved ceramic-based pulse-forming line based on impedance matching electrode
Authors: Fu Zebin , Jia Chenglin , Zeng Fanzheng , Liu Yifeng , Wei Jinhong , Li Song 
Published: November 2024

A ceramic-based pulse-forming line (PFL) is a solid-state device with a wide range of applications in compact pulsed power systems. In this paper, the characteristic impedance of a ceramic-based PFL is theoretically analyzed, and an improved PFL based on an impedance matching electrode is proposed. The improved PFL effectively increases the flat-top ratio and reduces the rise and fall times, enhancing its potential applicability. Experiments using the improved PFL show that, under a charging voltage of 33 kV and with an impedance matching load, the output pulse width can reach 86 ns with a matching impedance of 3.9 Ω. The improved PFL output waveform has a flat-top ratio that reaches 72%, compared with 49.5% in a typical PFL, and exhibits shorter rise and fall times.
An atomic beam of titanium for ultracold atom experiments
Authors: Schrott Jackson , Novoa Diego , Eustice Scott , Stamper-Kurn Dan M. 
Published: November 2024

We generate an atomic beam of titanium (Ti) using a “Ti-ball” Ti-sublimation pump, which is a common getter pump used in ultrahigh vacuum systems. We show that the sublimated atomic beam can be optically pumped into the metastable 3d3(4F)4s a5F5 state, which is the lower energy level in a cycling optical transition that can be used for laser cooling. We measure the atomic density and transverse and longitudinal velocity distributions of the beam through laser fluorescence spectroscopy. We find a metastable atomic flux density of 4.3(2) × 109 s−1 cm−2 with a mean forward velocity of 773(8) m/s at 2.55 cm directly downstream of the center of the Ti-ball. Owing to the details of optical pumping, the beam is highly collimated along the transverse axis parallel to the optical pumping beam and the flux density falls off as 1/r. We discuss how this source can be used to load atoms into a magneto-optical trap.