bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectivity of dissolved SF6 tracer for clarification of rainfall–runoff processes in a forested headwater catchment
Authors: Sakakibara Koichi , Tsujimura Maki , Iwagami Sho , Sato Yutaro , Nagano Kosuke , Onda Yuichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding rainfall‐runoff processes is crucial for prevention and prediction of water‐related natural disasters. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a potential tracer, but few researches have applied it for rainfall‐runoff process studies. We observed multiple tracers including SF6 in spring water at 1‐ to 2‐hr intervals during rainstorm events to investigate the effectivity of SF6 tracer in rainfall–runoff studies through the clarification of rainfall–runoff process. The target spring is a perennial spring in a forested headwater catchment with an area of 0.045 km2 in Fukushima, Japan. The relationship between the SF6 concentration in spring water and the spring discharge volume was negative trend; the SF6 concentration in spring water becomes low as the spring discharge volume increases especially during rainstorms. The hydrograph separation using SF6 and chloride ion tracers was applied for determining the contribution of principal sources on rainfall–runoff water. It suggested more than 60% contribution of bedrock groundwater at the rainfall peak and high percentage contribution continued even in the hydrograph recession phase. Based on observed low SF6 concentration in groundwater after heavy rainfall, the replacement of groundwater near the spring with bedrock groundwater is indicated as a mechanism for water discharge with low SF6 concentration during rainfall events. Consequently, rainstorm events play an important role as triggers in discharging water stored in the deeper subsurface area. In addition, SF6 tracer is concluded as one of the strongest tracers for examining rainfall–runoff process studies. And, therefore, this study provided new insights into the dynamics of groundwater and its responses to rainfall in terms of SF6 concentration variance in water in headwater regions.
Waso: An Innovative Device to Uncover Independent Converging Opinions of Irrigation System Farmers
Authors: Keïta Amadou , Koïta Mahamadou , Niang Dial , Lidon Bruno 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany development projects fail due to farmers' individual antagonistic strategies. Group surveys often fail to capture underlying individual motivations. An innovation from the African game Awale and the Japanese abacus named Soroban, WASO was used to assess opinions in the Baguinéda Irrigation Scheme (Mali) for rice cultivation and the sugar cane company of SUCAF‐CI (Côte d'Ivoire). The WASO scores were introduced into the ANOVA/Tukey test or Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney test to check their convergence. Such processing provided very useful results in the two case studies. At the Baguinéda Irrigation Scheme, the farmers' foremost concern to improve drainage system maintenance is training for maintenance (score 17.6 ± 1.1 at a 95% confidence interval (CI)). At SUCAF‐CI, sugar cane cutters would be much more available if they were paid on a monthly basis (score 15.7 ± 1.0 at 95% CI). It appeared that the WASO is an effective and versatile statistical interface helping to reveal and prioritize stakeholders' independent converging opinions, crucial to a development project's success. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deficit Irrigation Scheduling and Superabsorbent Polymer‐ Hydrogel Enhance Seed Yield, Water Productivity and Economics of Indian Mustard Under Semi‐Arid Ecologies
Authors: Rathore S.S. , Shekhawat Kapila , Dass Anchal , Premi O.P. , Rathore B.S. , Singh V.K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOilseed brassicas are extensively grown in the water‐stressed ecologies of India. Sufficient irrigation, deficit irrigation scheduling (DIS) with limited irrigation water and rainfed (no irrigation) conditions were assessed with and without the use of superabsorbent polymer‐hydrogel (SAP‐hydrogel) under a micro‐sprinkler irrigation system (MIS) for Indian mustard. Irrigation scheduling at an irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE) of 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4, along with use of SAP‐hydrogel, produced almost equal dry matter per plant (113, 115 and 109 g plant−1), which was, however, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) over rainfed (86 g plant−1). The seed yield under DIS (0.6 IW/CPE) increased by 39.3% over rainfed + hydrogel (HG). Also, the seed yield obtained under irrigation scheduling at a ratio of 0.4 IW/CPE was found to be similar to that obtained in rainfed + HG treatment. A similar water productivity (WP) of 10 kg ha−1 mm−1 was obtained with DIS at 0.4 IW/CPE + HG and at 0.8 IW/CPE‐HG; however, a higher total water productivity (WPt) was recorded under DIS at 0.6 and 0.4 IW/CPE + HG (23 and 29 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively) over the same irrigation schedules excluding HG. The economics of HG application under DIS was better due to higher net returns, although the highest B : C ratio (1.92) was recorded in DIS (0.4 IW/CPE), trailed by irrigation scheduling at IW/CPE 0.8 and 0.6. Overall, it could be concluded that DIS through micro‐sprinkler and use of HG enhanced seed, oil, water productivity and energy dynamics under water‐constrained conditions in semi‐arid ecologies. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of dolutegravir‐based regimens as either first‐line or switch antiretroviral therapy: data from the Icona cohort
Authors: Mondi Annalisa , Cozzi‐Lepri Alessandro , Tavelli Alessandro , Rusconi Stefano , Vichi Francesca , Ceccherini‐Silberstein Francesca , Calcagno Andrea , De Luca Andrea , Maggiolo Franco , Marchetti Giulia , Antinori Andrea , d'Arminio Monforte Antonella ,   Icona Foundation Study Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionConcerns about dolutegravir (DTG) tolerability in the real‐life setting have recently arisen. We aimed to estimate the risk of treatment discontinuation and virological failure of DTG‐based regimens from a large cohort of HIV‐infected individuals.MethodsWe performed a multicentre, observational study including all antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve and virologically suppressed treatment‐experienced (TE) patients from the Icona (Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals) cohort who started, for the first time, a DTG‐based regimen from January 2015 to December 2017. We estimated the cumulative risk of DTG discontinuation regardless of the reason and for toxicity, and of virological failure using Kaplan–Meier curves. We used Cox regression model to investigate predictors of DTG discontinuation.ResultsAbout 1679 individuals (932 ART‐naïve, 747 TE) were included. The one‐ and two‐year probabilities (95% CI) of DTG discontinuation were 6.7% (4.9 to 8.4) and 11.5% (8.7 to 14.3) for ART‐naïve and 6.6% (4.6 to 8.6) and 7.6% (5.4 to 9.8) for TE subjects. In both ART‐naïve and TE patients, discontinuations of DTG were mainly driven by toxicity with an estimated risk (95% CI) of 4.0% (2.6 to 5.4) and 2.5% (1.3 to 3.6) by one year and 5.6% (3.8 to 7.5) and 4.0% (2.4 to 5.6) by two years respectively. Neuropsychiatric events were the main reason for stopping DTG in both ART‐naïve (2.1%) and TE (1.7%) patients. In ART‐naïve, a concomitant AIDS diagnosis predicted the risk of discontinuing DTG for any reason (adjusted relative hazard (aRH) = 3.38, p = 0.001), whereas starting DTG in combination with abacavir (ABC) was associated with a higher risk of discontinuing because of toxicity (aRH = 3.30, p = 0.009). TE patients starting a DTG‐based dual therapy compared to a triple therapy had a lower risk of discontinuation for any reason (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.50, p = 0.037 for ABC‐based triple‐therapies, aHR = 3.56, p = 0.012 for tenofovir‐based) and for toxicity (aHR = 5.26, p = 0.030 for ABC‐based, aHR = 6.60, p = 0.024 for tenofovir‐based). The one‐ and two‐year probabilities (95% CI) of virological failure were 1.2% (0.3 to 2.0) and 4.6% (2.7 to 6.5) in the ART naïve group and 2.2% (1.0 to 3.3) and 2.9% (1.5 to 4.3) in the TE group.ConclusionsIn this large cohort, DTG showed excellent efficacy and optimal tolerability both as first‐line and switching ART. The low risk of treatment‐limiting toxicities in ART‐naïve as well as in treated individuals reassures on the use of DTG in everyday clinical practice.
Access to 18F‐labelled isoxazoles by ruthenium‐promoted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 4‐[18F]fluoro‐N‐hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride with alkynes
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Kniess Torsten 
Published: January 2019

4‐[18F]Fluoro‐N‐hydroxybenzimidoyl chloride (18FBIC), an 18F‐labelled aromatic nitrile oxide, was developed as building block for Ru‐promoted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with alkynes. 18FBIC is obtained in a one‐pot synthesis in up to 84% radiochemical yield (RCY) starting from [18F]fluoride with 4‐[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde (18FBA) and 4‐[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde oxime (18FBAO) as intermediates, by reaction of 18FBAO with N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS). 18FBIC was found to be a suitable and stable synthon to give access to 18F‐labelled 3,4‐diarylsubstituted isoxazoles by [Cp*RuCl(cod)]‐catalysed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with various alkynes. So the radiosynthesis of a fluorine‐18–labelled COX‐2 inhibitor [18F]1b, a close derivative of valdecoxib, was performed with 18FBIC and 1‐ethynyl‐4‐(methylsulfonyl)benzene, providing [18F]1b in up to 40% RCY after purification in 85 minutes. The application of 18FBIC as a building block in the synthesis of 18F‐labelled heterocycles will generally extend the portfolio of available PET radiotracers.
New 99mTc(CO)3‐radiolabeled arylpiperazine pharmacophore as potent 5HT1A serotonin receptor radiotracer: Docking studies, chemical synthesis, radiolabeling, and biological evaluation
Authors: Erfani Mostafa , Malek Hadi , Sadat Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil , Hassanzadeh Leila 
Published: January 2019

In spite of previous efforts, there is lack of a radiotracer for imaging the 5HT1A receptor density in human brain, which is involved in several neurological brain disorders. The aim of this study was to prepare a new derivative of 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MPP) as a main chemical structure of 5HT1A receptor antagonist with 3‐carbon linker and radiolabeled by [99mTc][Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ precursor. Docking studies before chemical synthesis showed similar fashion of interaction for both WAY100635 (potent 5HT1A receptor antagonist) and new designed ligand, despite of addition of 99mTc(CO)3 group in the structure of new ligand. MPP‐(CH2)3‐N3 was synthesized via three efficient and reliable chemical synthesis steps (more than 80% yield) then radiolabeled by addition of 2‐ethynylpyridine and [99mTc][Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ precursor in one pot procedure (more than 95% radiochemical efficiency) through click chemistry method. After incubation, radiotracer was found stable in vitro up to 2 hours. Binding assays showed about 33% specific binding of radiotracer to the 5HT1A receptors. Brain biodistribution studies indicated (0.26 ± 0.05)% ID/g hippocampus uptake at 30 minutes post injection, which its specificity was verified through blocking studies. These results suggested that new designed radioligand might serve as a potent SPECT imaging agent to estimate status of 5HT1A receptors.
Application of quantitative structure‐activity relationship analysis on an antibody and alternariol‐like compounds interaction study
Authors: Wang Jianyi , Peng Tao , Zhang Xiya , Xie Sanlei , Zheng Pimiao , Yao Kai , Ke Yuebin , Wang Zhanhui , Jiang Haiyang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe antigen‐antibody interaction determines the sensitivity and specificity of competitive immunoassay for hapten detection. In this paper, the specificity of a monoclonal antibody against alternariol‐like compounds was evaluated through indirect competitive ELISA. The results showed that the antibody had cross‐reactivity with 33 compounds with the binding affinity (expressed by IC50) ranging from 9.4 ng/mL to 12.0 μg/mL. All the 33 compounds contained a common moiety and similar substituents. To understand how this common moiety and substituents affected the recognition ability of the antibody, a three‐dimensional quantitative structure‐activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) between the antibody and the 33 alternariol‐like compounds was constructed using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. The q2 values of the CoMFA and CoMSIA models were 0.785 and 0.782, respectively, and the r2 values were 0.911 and 0.988, respectively, indicating that the models had good predictive ability. The results of 3D‐QSAR showed that the most important factor affecting antibody recognition was the hydrogen bond mainly formed by the hydroxyl group of alternariol, followed by the hydrophobic force mainly formed by the methyl group. This study provides a reference for the design of new hapten and the mechanisms for antibody recognition.
APT‐weighted MRI: Techniques, current neuro applications, and challenging issues
Authors: Zhou Jinyuan , Heo Hye‐Young , Knutsson Linda , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Jiang Shanshan 
Published: January 2019

Amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) imaging is a molecular MRI technique that generates image contrast based predominantly on the amide protons in mobile cellular proteins and peptides that are endogenous in tissue. This technique, the most studied type of chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, has been used successfully for imaging of protein content and pH, the latter being possible due to the strong dependence of the amide proton exchange rate on pH. In this article we briefly review the basic principles and recent technical advances of APTw imaging, which is showing promise clinically, especially for characterizing brain tumors and distinguishing recurrent tumor from treatment effects. Early applications of this approach to stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury are also illustrated. Finally, we outline the technical challenges for clinical APT‐based imaging and discuss several controversies regarding the origin of APTw imaging signals in vivo.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:347–364.
The effect of storage temperature and water activity on aflatoxin B1 accumulation in hull‐less and hulled spelt grains
Authors: Krulj Jelena , Markov Siniša , Bočarov‐Stančić Aleksandra , Pezo Lato , Kojić Jovana , Ćurčić Nataša , Janić‐Hajnal Elizabet , Bodroža‐Solarov Marija 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn concomitance with shifts in climate conditions in recent years, an increasingly frequent emergence of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins in cereals has been observed. In this study the effects of temperature (15, 23, 30 and 37 °C) and water activity (aw) (0.85, 0.90, 0.95 and 0.99) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by A. flavus isolate inoculated on hull‐less and hulled spelt grains were investigated.RESULTSThe optimal conditions for AFB1 biosynthesis were reached at 30 °C and aw value of 0.99 in the all tested samples (hull‐less grains, dehulled spelt grains and hulls). The AFB1 accumulation was significantly higher in hull‐less than in dehulled grains, that implicated a protective effect of spelt hulls. The levels of AFB1 were about 10–170 times higher in hulls than in grains. In order to determine the possibility of predicting the occurrence of AFB1 under different storage conditions mathematical models [second order polynomial (SOP) and artificial neural network (ANN)] were applied.CONCLUSIONThe achievement of such estimation facilitates further decisions on continuous monitoring of the potential hazard related to AFB1 contamination of stored spelt‐based food. The knowledge of the storage temperature and aw effects on the AFB1 content in spelt during the postharvest phase is of great practical importance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐density surface electromyography: A visualization method of laryngeal muscle activity
Authors: Bracken David J. , Ornelas Gladys , Coleman Todd P. , Weissbrod Philip A. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngeal muscle activation is a complex and dynamic process. Current evaluation methods include needle and surface electromyography (sEMG). Limitations of needle electromyography include patient discomfort, interpretive complexity, and limited duration of recording. sEMG demonstrates interpretive challenges given loss of spatial selectivity. Application of high‐density sEMG (HD sEMG) arrays were evaluated for potential to compensate for spatial selectivity loss while retaining benefits of noninvasive monitoring.Study DesignBasic science.MethodsTen adults performed phonatory tasks while a 20‐channel array recorded spatiotemporal data of the anterior neck. Data were processed to provide average spectral power of each electrode. Comparison was made between rest, low‐, and high‐pitch phonation. Two‐dimensional (2D) spectral energy maps were created to evaluate use in gross identification of muscle location.ResultsThree phonatory tasks yielded spectral power measures across the HD sEMG array. Each electrode within the array demonstrated unique power values across all subjects (P < .001). Comparison of each electrode to itself across phonatory tasks yielded differences in all subjects during rest versus low versus high, rest versus low, and rest versus high and in 9/10 subjects (P < .001) for low versus high phonation. Symmetry of HD sEMG signal was noted. Review of 2D coronal energy maps allowed for gross identification of cricothyroid muscle amidst anterior strap musculature.ConclusionsHD sEMG can be used to identify differences in anterior neck muscle activity between rest, low‐, and high‐pitch phonation. HD sEMG of the anterior neck holds potential to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring for pathologies of laryngeal function.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2347–2353, 2019
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Type‐2 CRS wNP: An Endotype‐Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Alsharif Saeed , Jonstam Karin , van Zele Thibaut , Gevaert Philippe , Holtappels Gabriele , Bachert Claus 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesNasal polyps are often characterized by type 2 inflammation and disease recurrence. We developed a new surgical technique, referred to as reboot approach, which aims to maximally remove all sinus mucosa and allow healthy re‐epithelialization from the preserved nasal mucosa. We here review type 2 endotype chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients who underwent classical mucosa‐sparing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) or the reboot approach.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study of 50 consecutive CRSwNP patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery between 2015 and 2017, either as a classical non‐reboot ESS (n = 20); a partial reboot approach removing the mucosa of the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses (n = 18); or a complete reboot approach including Draf III and removal of all frontal sinus mucosa (n = 12). Polyp recurrence over the follow‐up period of 2 years served as the primary outcome.ResultsAll patients demonstrated a type 2 inflammation of the mucosal tissue harvested during surgery. In the classical approach group (n = 20), nine patients relapsed within 2 years (45%); in the partial reboot group, three out of 18 patients (17%) relapsed; and in the full reboot group one out of 12 patients (8%) relapsed. The relapse rates were significantly different between the non‐reboot and the reboot groups (P = 0.02) but also between all treatment groups (P = 0.038).ConclusionComplete removal of diseased mucosa from the paranasal sinuses (reboot approach) significantly reduces the recurrence of nasal polyps for 30 months postoperatively compared to the current mucosa‐sparing approach in type 2 inflammatory CRSwNP.Level of Evidence3bLaryngoscope, 129:1286–1292, 2019
Oxaloacetate Protects Rat Liver From Experimental Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Improving Cellular Energy Metabolism
Authors: Merlen Grégory , Raymond Valérie‐Ann , Cassim Shamir , Lapierre Pascal , Bilodeau Marc 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important cause of liver damage especially early after liver transplantation, following liver resection, and in other clinical situations. Using rat experimental models, we identified oxaloacetate (OAA) as a key metabolite able to protect hepatocytes from hypoxia and IRI. In vitro screening of metabolic intermediates beneficial for hepatocyte survival under hypoxia was performed by measures of cell death and injury. In vivo, the effect of OAA was evaluated using the left portal vein ligation (LPVL) model of liver ischemia and a model of warm IRI. Liver injury was evaluated in vivo by serum transaminase levels, liver histology, and liver weight (edema). Levels and activity of caspase 3 were also measured. In vitro, the addition of OAA to hepatocytes kept in a hypoxic environment significantly improved cell viability (P < 0.01), decreased cell injury (P < 0.01), and improved energy metabolism (P < 0.01). Administration of OAA significantly reduced the extent of liver injury in the LPVL model with lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P < 0.01), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; P < 0.01), and reduced liver necrosis (P < 0.05). When tested in a warm IRI model, OAA significantly decreased ALT (P < 0.001) and AST levels (P < 0.001), prevented liver edema (P < 0.001), significantly decreased caspase 3 expression (P < 0.01), as well as histological signs of cellular vesiculation and vacuolation (P < 0.05). This was associated with higher adenosine triphosphate (P < 0.05) and energy charge levels (P < 0.01). In conclusion, OAA can significantly improve survival of ischemic hepatocytes. The hepatoprotective effect of OAA was associated with increased levels of liver bioenergetics both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that it is possible to support mitochondrial activity despite the presence of ischemia and that OAA can effectively reduce ischemia‐induced injury in the liver.
A 900/1800 MHz dual‐band high‐efficiency rectenna
Authors: Tissier Jérôme , Latrach Mohamed 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article presents a high‐efficiency dual‐band rectenna, for RF energy harvesting in GSM bands (900‐1800 MHz). The rectifier used is a dual‐diode rectifier topology based on a Delon voltage doubler. To ensure, the highest efficiency as possible, source‐pull simulations are used to determine the optimal diodes input impedance. The antenna is a spiral planar structure, where two slots ring resonators have been added to expand bandwidth at low frequencies without increasing its initial size. It is associated with a broadband balun to transform its impedance into the desired 50‐Ω rectifier input impedance. The antenna and balun are sized for broadband operation to cover the main wireless communication bands. Measurement results show high RF‐DC conversion efficiencies of 28% and 20% at 890 MHz and 1780 MHz, respectively, for a low RF input power of −20 dBm and with a 10 kΩ DC load. Efficiency reaches 43.5% with a dual‐tone signal at −20 dBm.