bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Determinant of Post-Operative Wound Infection among Patients underwent Routine Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Rahman Md Mafiur , Chaudhury SM Shafiul Azam , Islam Md Atiqul , Alam Mohammad Khurshidul , Islam ABM Mir Mubinul , Mohammad Abu Sayeed , Haque Mohammad Ahtashamul 
Published: August 2019

Background: Post-operative wound infection may occur after routine abdominal surgery.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the distribution and determinants of post-operative wound infection among the patients underwent routine abdominal surgery.
Methodology: This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted in the different surgical units of the Department of Surgery at Sir Sallimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2001 to December 2002 for a period of two (02) years. In the operation theatre, after anaesthesia skin was cleaned with Povidone iodine USP 5% w/w or Spirit (70% methylated spirit in water) or Chlorhexidine. During post-operative period dressing were left undisturbed unless it was felt necessary. Unusual pain in and around the wound was considered to be an indication of infection. A swab was taken from any discharge and was sent for bacteriological examination.
Result: In this study, 50 patients were admitted as routine cases and undergone routine abdominal operations in general operation theatre. Out of 50 patients undergone routine abdominal surgery, 5 developed wound infection post operatively. Overall infection rate was 10.0%. In routine abdominal operations, infection was 9.09% in upper midline or extended midline incision, 33.33% in lower midline, 6.25% right subcostal/Kocher's. In routine abdominal operations, the rate of infection in clean contaminated wound was 11.11%, contaminated wound was 33.33%. Wound infection rate was 20.0% cases in patients with malnutrition, 14.28% cases in obesity and 16.66% cases in diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: In conclusion post-operative wound infection is common in routine surgical operation.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):16-21
Clinical Efficacy of Amoxicillin versus Cefodoxime Proxetil for the Treatment of Pneumonia
Authors: Islam Sajani , Debnath Bithi , Hoque Md Azizul 
Published: August 2019

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading cause of death of under 5 children in Bangladesh. WHO recommended Amoxicillin and Co-trimoxazole as first line drugs for the treatment of pneumonia. But emergence of antimicrobial resistance against the common pathogens prompted WHO panel to find out evidence based recommendations for treating pneumonia.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of oral Amoxicillin and Cefpodoxime proxetil in children with pneumonia.
Methodology: This prospective randomized study was conducted in outpatient department of Pediatrics at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2010 to March 2012 for a period of two (02) years. Baseline data were collected from 197 patients, thereafter 85 patients from Amoxicillin group and 89 patients from Cefpodoxime proxetil group completed the trial.
Results: Among the enrolled (197) children, majority (53%) were boys. The baseline clinical characteristics before therapy were not significantly different in both the Amoxicillin and Cefpodoxime proxetil groups. Changes in duration of cough, duration of dyspnea, duration of fast breathing, mean heart rate, temperature and respiratory rate were observed. After treatment with Amoxicillin and Cefpodoxime proxetil similar significant improvement in mean body temperature, respiratory rate and wheeze were observed which were almost similar in both the groups (p <0.001). While comparing the efficacy, treatment outcome did not differ significantly in both the groups (p >0.127). Chi-square test revealed no statistically significant difference between patients treated with Amoxicillin and those treated with Cefpodoxime proxetil (p =0.171).
Conclusion: Response to therapy in both Amoxicillin and Cefpodoxime Proxetil groups was nearly similar and the difference was statistically insignificant.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):22-25
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS DONGENG SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 BENGKULU SELATAN DENGAN TEKNIK MODIFIKASI CERITA
Authors: Resmasita Resmasita 
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the research is to know the increase of the ability to write a fairy tale for the seventh grade student of SMPN 1 South Bengkulu by using Story Modification Technique. This research constitutes Classroom Action Research. This research is held some phases. Namely : a). Planning Phase b). Observation Phase 3). Exercution Phase, and 4. Reflection Phase and so on until improvement or increase can be reached. The Data Collecting Instruments is by using ; a). Observation (Teacher’s observation sheet and Student’s observation sheet) b). Assessment Sheet of the ability to rewrite story. Technique analysis data; a). Determining students` average score b). Determining classical completeness and c). Determining conclusion. Based on the analysis data, the modification technique story can raise the ability to write a fairy tale. This research is held in two cycles. At the first cycle, the result of student’s learn can be presentation 23% classical completeness and 68 average score. The second cycle is for remedy by guiding, giving motivation to the students and giving an example of story which had been modified by a teacher. The 81 average score, that showed 82% of classical mastery completeness. From both of cycles, we can see that there are increases taken place in form of the students` result in learning. So, , the research is done. From the classroom action research, it can be seen that the ability to write a fairy tale of the seventh grade students of SMPN 1 South Bengkulu is raised by using the Story Modification Technique.Keywords: The increase of ability to write a fairy tale, story modification.
TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU TENTANG PENEGAKAN HUKUM YANG BERBASIS TRANSENDENTAL
Authors: Riyanti Ratna 
Published: August 2019

Secara formal untuk menjamin terwujudnya aturan hukum dan keadilan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara di negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia , maka membutuhkan suatu wadah yaitu peradilan yaitu tempat dimana dilakukan aplikasi hukum dan juga para pencari keadilan. Pengemban hukum yang begitu fundamental dituntut harus mampu berfikir keras untuk menemukan keputusan hukum yang tepat. Penegakan hukum disini adalah melihat hakim sebagai manusia yang akan memahami nilai-nilai hukum yang hidup dalam masayarakat. Dalam kaitannya dengan penegakan hukum ini adalah dua hal yang saling berkaitan dan tidak dapat dipisah-pisahkan yaitu hukum dan keadilan. Penegakan hukum disini merupakan kegiatan menyerasikan hubungan nilai-nilai yang terjabarkan dalam kaidah-kaidah, pandangan-pandangan yang mantap dan mengejawantahkan dalam sikap, tindak sebagai serangkaian penjabaran nilai tahap akhir untuk menciptakan kedamaian hidup. Penegakan hukum hanya dapat terlaksana apabila berbagai dimensi kehidupan selalu menjaga harmonisasi (keselarasan, keseimbangan, dan keserasian) antara moralitas sosial, moralitas kelembagaan dan moralitas sipil warga negara yang didasarkan pada nilai-nilai aktual di dalam masyarakat.
GAMBARAN KONTROL DIRI PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS DAN SEDERAJAT DI KECAMATAN JATINANGOR
Authors: Andriani Wulan Selvia , Sriati Aat , Yamin Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

Penggunaan smartphone Â yang berlebihan menyebabkan kecanduan smartphone Â dan nomophobia hingga berdampak gangguan mental komorbiditas. Hal ini dapat diantisipasi dengan adanya kontrol diri, seharusnyaÂ mereka mampu untuk mengatur dan menjalankan tugas sebagai pelajar sehingga tidak mengalami kecanduan smartphone. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kontrol diri penggunaan smartphone Â pada siswa SMA dan Sederajat di Kecamatan Jatinangor. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi berjumlah 2.376 siswa dan sampel sebanyak 342 responden yang menggunakan teknik proportional sample random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan Skala Kontrol Diri yang dimodifikasi dari Rika (2012) dengan nilai validitas antara 0,431-0,783 dan koefisien alpha croncbah 0,919. Terdiri dari 27 item pernyataan menggunakan skala likert 1 â€“ 5. Data dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan presentase dari setiap sub-variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kontrol diri penggunaan smartphone Â pada siswa menyebar dalam tiga kategori yakni kontrol diri tinggi (15,8%), kontrol diri sedang (80,7%), dan kontrol diri rendah terhadap penggunaan smartphoneÂ (3,5%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah persentase terbesar partisapan memiliki kontrol diri sedang terhadap penggunaan smartphone, artinya partisipan tidak selalu melakukan pengendalian terhadap semua impuls memainkan smartphone Â yang partisipan miliki. Rekomendasi hasil penelitian ini agar perawat komunitas dan pihak sekolah membentuk program untuk mencegah penggunaan smartphone agar tidak berlebihan melalui berbagai sumber informasi, terutama sumber informasi yang signifikan bagi remaja.
PENGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN ALUMUNIUM
Authors: Widodo Widodo , Kumala Marshelly Chandra 
Published: August 2019

<em>The objective of this is research was conducted to find out how the influence of the price and quality of products against customer loyalty at PT. Alakasa Extrusindo Jakarta. This research was conducted in Alakasa Extrusindo PT by doing data collection, through the primary data and secondary data. The research results showed that the simultaneous price variables and product quality has a positive and significant effect against the variable customer loyalty. partially showed that price variables has a positive and significant influence towards customer loyalty. And partially showed that product quality variables has a positive and significant influence towards customer loyalty</em>
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL LATIHAN MATEMATIKA MELALUI PEMBATASAN WAKTU PADA SETIAP PERTEMUAN
Authors: Puryati Enung 
Published: August 2019

Dalam pengajaran matematika banyak sekali kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa sehingga membuat siswa jenuh banyaknya soal-soal yang di bahas, bukan menambah keberhasilan siswa tetapi membuat siswa beranggapan negatif terhadap gurunya, oleh sebab itu kombinasi metode latihan dengan metode pengajaran lainnya sangat diperlukan. Untuk mengatasi hal-hal tersebut di atas, perlu diusahakan suatu teknik latihan yang efektif dan lebih berhasil dalam pencapaian tujuan belajar mengajar, salah satu alternatifnya adalah penerapan pembatasan waktu dalam menyelesaikan soal latihan matematika pada setiap pertemuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal latihan matematika melalui pembatasan waktu pada setiap pertemuan. Subjek pada penelitian ini kelas IX J SMPN 1 Cianjur pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Berdasarkan pengujian maka hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembatasan waktu dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dari sebelumnya di kelas IX SMPN1 Cianjur. Implikasinya dalam pengajaran matematika dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam matematika. Kata Kunci : pembatasan waktu, matematika, latihan soal
TRAINING SOFT SKILLS – FROM PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE TO RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF SOFT SKILLS INTO TEACHING SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tan , Trinh Ai Ngoc 
Published: August 2019

Preparing soft skills for students has been being a matter of great concern to both society and the education industry. Soft skills are an essential factor for the success and happiness of each individual. Many decades ago, the weakness of soft skills of Vietnamese students have been warned by educational organizations, businesses and domestic and foreign experts. Although knowledge that is considered as a necessary condition during the learning process; it is still not a sufficient condition for students who want to get a desired job. Nowadays, softskills training activities are quite popular in almost universities and it is one of requirements for student’s graduation. However, these training activities are different in each university. In this study, from the practical experience in training soft skills of other universities, the authors recommend some basic solutions for integrating soft skills into main subjects in the specialized knowledge teaching process.
EDUCATING SOFT SKILLS IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0: THE CASE OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION, TRA VINH UNIVERSITY
Authors: Le Chi Yen , Nguyen Nghi Diep Phuong , Le Truc Thi Nha 
Published: August 2019

Education in the direction of developing soft skills competencies for students is an issue that needs to be addressed at the training institutions. In particular, in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, it is creating many challenges for educational activities. The results from the study of soft skills situation on Office Administrationstudents indicate that most students are satisfied with the skills equipped with the rate of 74.7%, in which, communication skills, teamwork skills, presentation skills, decision making and problemsolving skills, negotiation and conflict resolution skills are highly appreciated by students for their need. However, the actual capacity of students is only above average. Therefore, the School needs to pay more attention to the training of soft skills, innovating the training method towards approaching the Industrial Revolution 4.0 to create a quality, intellectual and soft skills capacity workforce will be the top task for current training institutions.
Sıçan primer nöron kültüründe glutamat eksitotoksisitesine karşı nar kabuğu ekstresinin etkileri
Authors: BİNNETOĞLU Damla , YAYLA Muhammed , ÇINAR İrfan , DEMİRBAĞ Çağlar , AKSU KILIÇLE Pınar 
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Güçlü
bir antioksidan etkiye sahip olan nar kabuğunun pek çok fizyolojik özellikleri
gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda eksitatör bir nörotransmitter olan glutamatın
nörotoksik etkisine karşı, güçlü antioksidan olan nar kabuğunun etkilerini
araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamızda yeni doğan sıçan beyin korteksi kullanılmıştır. Nar
kabuğu ekstresi 200, 300 ve 400 mg/ml dozunda uygulandıktan 2 saat sonra 6x10-3 ve
3x10-3 M konsantrasyonda glutamat uygulaması gerçekleştirildi.
Toksisite oluşturulduktan 24 saat sonra canlılık testi, total oksidan ve
antioksidan kapasite ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular:
Glutamat uygulaması artan dozlarda hücre canlılığını önemli ölçüde azaltırken
nar kabuğu ekstresi yüksek dozda en iyi nöroprotektif etkiyi ortaya koymuştur.
Toksisiteye bağlı artan oksidan kapasite nar kabuğu uygulaması ile anlamlı
derecede düzelmiştir. Glutamata bağlı azalan antioksidan kapasite nar kabuğu
ekstresi ile düzelme göstermiştir. Nar kabuğu ekstresi tek başına yüksek doz
uygulandığında proliferatif etki ortaya koymuştur. Nar kabuğu nöroprotektif
etkilerini proinflamatuar sitokin olan tümör nekrozis faktör-α ve apoptotik
proteinler olan caspas 3 ve 9 ekspresyonunu baskılayarak ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç: Nar
kabuğu ekstresi antioksidan, antiinflamatuar ve anti-apoptotik etkisi ile
glutamata bağlı gelişen nörotoksisiteyi önlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Nar, Eksitotoksisite, Glutamat, Sıçan
Machine Learning Model for Identifying Dutch/Belgian Biodiversity
Authors: Hogeweg Laurens , Schermer Maarten , Pieterse Sander , Roeke Timo , Gerritsen Wilfred 
Published: August 2019

The potential of citizen scientists to contribute to information about occurrences of species and other biodiversity questions is large because of the ubiquitous presence of organisms and friendly nature of the subject. Online platforms that collect observations of species from the public have existed for several years now. They have seen a rapid growth recently, partly due to the widespread availability of mobile phones. These online platforms, and many scientific studies as well, suffer from a taxonomic bias: the effect that certain species groups are overrepresented in the data (Troudet et al. 2017). One of the reasons for this bias is that the accurate identification of species, by non-experts and experts, has been limited by the large number of species that exist. Even in the geographically limited area of the Netherlands and Belgium, the number of species that are regularly observed are in the thousands. This makes the ability to identify all those species difficult or impossible for an individual.
Recent advances in species identification powered by deep learning, based on images (Norouzzadeh et al. 2018), suggest a large potential for a new set of digital tools that can help the public (and experts) to identify species automatically. The online observation platform Observation.org has collected over 93 million occurrences in the Netherlands and Belgium in the last 15 years. About 20% of these occurrences are supported by photographs, giving a rich database of 17 million photographs covering all major species groups (e.g., birds, mammals, plants, insects, fungi). Most of the observations with photos were validated by human experts at Observation.org, creating a unique database suitable for machine learning. We have developed a deep learning-based species identification model using this database containing 13,767 species, 1,530 species-groups, 734 subspecies and 117 hybrids. The model is made available to the public through a web service (https://identify.biodiversityanalysis.nl) and through a set of mobile apps (ObsIdentify).
In this talk we will discuss our technical approach for dealing with the large number of species in a deep learning model. We will evaluate the results in terms of performance for different species groups and what this could mean to address part of the taxonomic bias. We will also consider limitations of (image-based) automated species identification and determine venues to further improve identification. We will illustrate how the web service and mobile apps are applied to support citizen scientists and the observation validation workflows at Observation.org. Finally, we will examine the potential of these methods to provide large scale automated analysis of biodiversity data.
Les communes nouvelles françaises (2010-2019) : une réforme territoriale silencieuse
Authors: Bideau Gabriel 
Published: August 2019

Depuis 2010, des incitations législatives successives cherchent à favoriser les regroupements de municipalités au sein de « communes nouvelles ». Depuis 2012 et surtout 2015, les fusions ont été nombreuses (on est passé de 36 571 communes en 2012 à 34 841 au 1 er janvier 2019) ; bien que le phénomène reste limité comparé au nombre total de communes, la France compte désormais presque huit cents communes nouvelles. À partir d’entretiens avec des acteurs publics et d’analyses statistiques sur des données nationales, ce travail étudie le phénomène des communes nouvelles, d’abord en le présentant comme une nouvelle réponse aux critiques récurrentes visant l’échelon municipal en France. Ces fusions sont ensuite analysées en montrant leurs motivations, la reconfiguration qu’elles imposent, le tout en prenant en compte des permanences, dont le phénomène intercommunal. Est enfin présentée la distribution spatiale très inégale, orientée sur certaines régions dans un phénomène de grappe, sans qu’on puisse spécifier un type unique de communes fusionnantes.
Mesurer l’impact de l’innovation sociale : quelles perspectives en dehors de la théorie du changement ?
Authors: Besançon Emmanuelle , Chochoy Nicolas 
Published: August 2019

La mesure de l’impact social est devenue un sujet majeur dans le débat relatif au financement de l’innovation sociale. Plusieurs rapports de référence ont été publiés dans ce sens. Ces travaux récents, en s’inscrivant tous dans le cadre logique de la gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR), également appelée « théorie du changement », renouvellent la construction d’une relation problématique : le lien causal et la mesure de sa preuve. À partir d’une approche institutionnaliste de l’innovation sociale, cet article expose les impasses de la GAR dans l’évaluation des innovations sociales et souligne que d’autres voies sont possibles. Les auteurs proposent ainsi de placer l’aspiration sociale au cœur du processus d’évaluation.
Agglomeration economies in the presence of an informal sector: the Colombian case
Authors: García Gustavo A. 
Published: August 2019

Cette étude analyse la relation entre les économies d’agglomération et la productivité dans le cas d’un pays en voie de développement en présence d’un secteur informel. En utilisant des données de Colombie, on examine si le secteur informel bénéficie des économies d’agglomération et, surtout, ses différences par rapport au secteur formel en termes de rentabilité des économies d’échelle. Les résultats démontrent que les économies d’agglomération ont un impact très important sur la productivité du secteur informel : les travailleurs du secteur informel dans les endroits les plus densément occupés gagnent environ 11 % de plus de ceux qui résident ailleurs.	JEL classification : R12, J46, R23, J31
La Cour de justice, acteur multifonctionnel du développement du droit économique de l’Union
Authors: Adam Stanislas , Cheynel Benjamin , Rolin Frédérique 
Published: August 2019

Le présent article rassemble deux interventions présentées lors du colloque sur les « Fonctions de la procédure dans le droit économique européen ». Il a pour objet d’illustrer le rôle des procédures juridictionnelles pour la mise en œuvre du droit économique européen. Il ne s’agit pas exclusivement de mettre en exergue les fonctions classiquement reconnues aux procédures juridictionnelles en droit de l’Union, mais bien plus encore de mettre en lumière les potentielles implications politiques de ces procédures, intimement liées à l’articulation atypique du rôle, d’une part, des juridictions nationales en tant que juges de droit commun du droit de l’Union et, d’autre part, des juridictions de l’Union. En premier lieu, l’article aborde l’utilisation à des fins matérielles du renvoi préjudiciel par les juridictions nationales. En second lieu, il traite des recours directs devant les juridictions de l’Union, introduits tant par les institutions et les États membres que par les particuliers, et examine leur rôle pour le développement du droit économique de l’Union.
Le vêtement en politique. Représentation, ressemblance et faux pas
Authors: Matonti Frédérique 
Published: August 2019

Cet article entend montrer que, loin d’être anecdotiques, les vêtements de travail des élu·e·s ont partie liée avec le cœur de leur métier : les exigences de la représentation politique. Il rappelle d’abord quelques « scandales vestimentaires » (Cécile Duflot, Jack Lang, Valérie Pécresse, François Ruffin, etc.) récents, le fondement des exigences sociales et genrées attendues des professionnel·le·s de la politique. Il analyse ensuite, en remontant jusqu’à la Révolution française, comment plusieurs facteurs (sélection sociale des élus, normes vestimentaires des classes dominantes, volonté d’imposition de l’autorité, etc.) se combinent pour donner naissance à une règle générale : le vêtement des représentants doit se distinguer de celui des représentés, mais aussi à quelques variations liées notamment aux appartenances partisanes. Il s’intéresse enfin à l’évolution contradictoire des obligations des politiques en matière vestimentaire – au fil du temps, leur corps est de moins en moins apprêté, mais de plus en plus scruté et contrôlé.