bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community versus hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Park Chul , Na Soo Jin , Chung Chi Ryang , Cho Yang Hyun , Suh Gee Young , Jeon Kyeongman 
Published: January 2019

Background: Bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. However, it is unknown whether the type of pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) versus hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), should be considered when predicting outcomes for ARDS patients treated with ECMO. Methods: We divided a sample of adult patients receiving ECMO for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by bacterial pneumonia between January 2012 and December 2016 into CAP ( n = 21) and HAP ( n = 35) groups and compared clinical and bacteriological characteristics and outcomes. Results: The median acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II and sequential organ failure assessment scores were 22 and 8, respectively, in the CAP and HAP groups. The most commonly identified organism in the CAP group was Streptococcus pneumonia ( n = 12, 57.1%), while Acinectobacter baumanii was the most commonly identified in the HAP group ( n = 13, 37.1%). However, the incidence of multidrug resistant bacteria was not different between groups (57.1% versus 74.3%, p = 0.125). Of the 56 patients in the study, 26 were successfully weaned from ECMO, and 20 were discharged from the hospital. There were no significant differences in ECMO weaning rate (47.6% versus 45.7%, p > 0.999) or survival to discharge rate (33.3% versus 37.1%, p > 0.999) between the two groups. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were also similar. Conclusion: Patients with CAP and HAP who received ECMO for respiratory support had similar characteristics and clinical outcomes.
Detection rates of recurrent prostate cancer: 68Gallium (Ga)-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen versus choline PET/CT scans. A systematic review
Authors: Moghul Masood , Somani Bhaskar , Lane Tim , Vasdev Nikhil , Chaplin Brian , Peedell Clive , KandaSwamy Gokul Vignesh , Rai Bhavan Prasad 
Published: January 2019

Background: The aim of this work was to assess the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-labelled radiotracers in detecting the recurrence of prostate cancer. PSMA is thought to have higher detection rates when utilized in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans, particularly at lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, compared with choline-based scans. Methods: A systematic review was conducted comparing choline and PSMA PET/CT scans in patients with recurrent prostate cancer following an initial curative attempt. The primary outcomes were overall detection rates, detection rates at low PSA thresholds, difference in detection rates and exclusive detection rates on a per-person analysis. Secondary outcome measures were total number of lesions, exclusive detection by each scan on a per-lesion basis and adverse side effects. Results: Overall detection rates were 79.8% for PSMA and 66.7% for choline. There was a statistically significant difference in detection rates favouring PSMA [OR (M–H, random, 95% confidence interval (CI)) 2.27 (1.06, 4.85), p = 0.04]. Direct comparison was limited to PSA < 2 ng/ml in two studies, with no statistically significant difference in detection rates between the scans [OR (M–H, random, 95% CI) 2.37 (0.61, 9.17) p = 0.21]. The difference in detection on the per-patient analysis was significantly higher in the PSMA scans ( p < 0.00001). All three studies reported higher lymph node, bone metastasis and locoregional recurrence rates in PSMA. Conclusions: PSMA PET/CT has a better performance compared with choline PET/CT in detecting recurrent disease both on per-patient and per-lesion analysis and should be the imaging modality of choice while deciding on salvage and nonsystematic metastasis-directed therapy strategies.
Development of the Intercultural Diabetes Online Community Research Council: Codesign and Social Media Processes
Authors: Greenwood Deborah A. , Litchman Michelle L. , Ng Ashley H. , Gee Perry M. , Young Heather M. , Ferrer Mila , Ferrer Jimmy , Memering Chris E. , Eichorst Barbara , Scibilia Renza , Miller Lisa M. S. 
Published: January 2019

Background: This case study describes the formation of the Intercultural Diabetes Online Community Research council (iDOCr) and community advisory board (CAB) to engage the diabetes community and researchers in the codesign of community-based participatory research (CBPR) to examine online peer support in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Method: Social media engagement was the foundation for CBPR knowledge generation. During the project, the iDOCr council and CAB (n = 27) met quarterly via video conferencing and three times in person during national diabetes meetings. Data from four Twitter chats were used to explore the usefulness and utility of Twitter data to learn about concerns and priorities of the diabetes online community (DOC) and supported the evolution of iDOCr, the development of a research question and the design of a CBPR study. Results: The iDOCr project (1) created a diverse CAB; (2) raised awareness of iDOCr and online peer support, which resulted in support and trust from key opinion leaders within the DOC to enable future partnerships for research and funding; (3) engaged with English- and Spanish-speaking DOC users through social media; and (4) designed a CBPR study supported by Twitter chat data analyses. Conclusions: Integrating the voice of people with diabetes (PWD) and the DOC in designing CBPR, through use of a CAB, ensures the most important and relevant research questions are asked. Additional research focused on online peer support may increase health care provider confidence in referring PWD to this low-cost and relatively accessible resource with the potential power to advance health.
Bioinformatics-Based Approaches Predict That MIR-17-5P Functions in the Pathogenesis of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Through Regulating ABCA1 and CD69
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Ren Yu , Sun Xiaolei , Huang Haiyun , Liu Xiaojia 
Published: January 2019

Objective As the most prevalent type of rhinitis, allergic rhinitis is consisted of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis. This study is carried out for revealing the mechanisms of SAR. Methods Microarray data set GSE43523 (including 7 SAR nasal epithelial cells and 5 nonallergic control nasal epithelial cells) was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Based on limma package, differential expression analysis for the 2 groups was performed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using Multifaceted Analysis Tool for Human Transcriptome online tool, the functions involving the DEGs were predicted by enrichment analysis. Combined with Cytoscape software, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was built and a significant network module was acquired. In addition, transcription factor (TF)-target and miRNA-target pairs were predicted using WebGestalt tool, and then TF-miRNA-target regulatory network was built by Cytoscape software. Results There were 274 DEGs between rhinitis and control samples, including 144 upregulated genes and 130 downregulated genes. After PPI for the DEGs was built, a significant network module was identified. In the TF-miRNA-target regulatory network, ABCA1, CPEB4, CD69, MIR-17-5P, and CREB had higher degrees. Furthermore, both ABCA1 and CD69 were targeted by MIR-17-5P in the regulatory network. Conclusion CPEB4 and CREB might be implicated in the pathogenesis of SAR. Besides, MIR-17-5P might also act in SAR via targeting ABCA1 and CD69.
Isometric knee extension force in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without apparent diabetic polyneuropathy: Data from the Multicenter Survey of the Isometric Lower Extremity Strength in Type 2 Diabetes study
Authors: Nomura Takuo , Ishiguro Tomoyasu , Ohira Masayoshi , Oka Hiroyuki , Ikeda Yukio 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To determine standard reference values for isometric knee extension force using a cohort of Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic polyneuropathy. Methods: Patient data were collected from the Multicenter Survey of the Isometric Lower Extremity Strength in Type 2 Diabetes study and compared with previously published data of healthy control subjects. In total, we enrolled 898 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30–87 years, who did not have diabetic polyneuropathy. The control group included 510 healthy subjects aged 30–88 years. Maximum isometric knee extension force (KEF) values were obtained by using a hand-held dynamometer with belt stabilization. In addition, KEF (kgf) was adjusted for bodyweight (kg) to calculate %KEF. Results: KEF and %KEF decreased with age in both patients with diabetes and healthy control subjects. The mean values of KEF and %KEF in patients with diabetes were reduced by 9.7% and 20.8%, respectively, in males, and by 11.6% and 23.0%, respectively, in females compared to the values in healthy control subjects. Conclusion: KEF and %KEF in patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic polyneuropathy may reduce by approximately 10% and 20%, respectively, compared to these values in healthy control subjects. This study provides reference values for isometric KEF with respect to sex in a population covering a wide age range.
Hypertensive heart disease: Benefit of carvedilol in hemodynamic, left ventricular remodeling, and survival
Authors: Dominguez Renata F , da Costa-Hong Valeria A , Ferretti Luan , Fernandes Fabio , Bortolotto Luiz A , Consolim-Colombo Fernanda M , Egan Brent M , Lopes Heno F 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if carvedilol improved structural and functional changes in the left ventricle and reduced mortality in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Methods: Blood pressure, heart rate, echocardiographic parameters, and laboratory variables, were assessed pre and post treatment with carvedilol in 98 eligible patients. Results: Carvedilol at a median dose of 50 mg/day during the treatment period in hypertensive heart disease lowered blood pressure 10/10 mmHg, heart rate 10 beats/min, improved left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to follow-up (median: 6 years) (36%–47%)) and reduced left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions (62 vs 56 mm; 53 vs 42 mm, respectively, all p-values <0.01). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased in 69% of patients. Patients who did not have improved left ventricular ejection fraction had nearly six-fold higher mortality than those that improved (relative risk; 5.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–25, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Carvedilol reduced cardiac dimensions and improved left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac remodeling in patients with hypertensive heart disease. These treatment-related changes had a favorable effect on survival.
Comparative analysis of functional outcome of anatomical precontoured locking plate versus reconstruction plate in the management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures
Authors: Kingsly P , Sathish M , Ismail N Deen Muhammad 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: For the fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures, different plates are available, each with its specific pros and cons. The ideal plating choice remains subject to ongoing discussion. Reconstruction plates are cheap and easily bendable, but their strength and stability have been questioned. The anatomical precontoured locking plates provide better stability and strength compared with the reconstruction plate. Materials and methods: We have analyzed both prospectively and retrospectively 55 cases of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures treated surgically using precontoured anatomical locking plate (24 cases) or reconstruction plate (31 cases) for patients admitted in our institute between January 2011 and December 2017. The clinical and radiological outcomes between the reconstruction plate and precontoured anatomical locking plate were compared using Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and plain radiographs, respectively. Results: The mean time to union was 16.3 weeks in the reconstruction plate group compared with 13.4 weeks in the precontoured locking plate group. The mean score in Quick DASH was 32.65 in the reconstruction group and 25.44 points in the precontoured locking plate group. We had complications such as hypertrophic scar, painful shoulder, and restricted range of motion in both the groups, whereas screw cutout and plate failure were noted only in the reconstruction plate group, which needed implant removal. The mean follow-up period was 16.44 months (14–31 months). The removal of implant was carried out in three patients in the reconstruction group. None of the group had nonunion. Conclusion: Surgical management of fresh middle third clavicle fractures with anatomical precontoured locking plate provided stable fixation, faster union, and better functional outcome compared with the reconstruction plating. Anatomical plate had the advantage of less soft tissue stripping, and there is less need for lag screw fixation of the plate for fracture stability as precontoured plate itself provides a rigid construct.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Hamstring Autograft: A Matched Cohort Comparison of the All-Inside and Complete Tibial Tunnel Techniques
Authors: Desai Vishal S. , Anderson Gregory R. , Wu Isabella T. , Levy Bruce A. , Dahm Diane L. , Camp Christopher L. , Krych Aaron J. , Stuart Michael J. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures, with an estimated 100,000 to 175,000 procedures performed annually. Recently, the all-inside reconstruction technique has come into favor and is theorized to be superior to the complete tibial tunnel technique. Purpose: To compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction (ACLR) performed with an all-inside versus a complete tibial tunnel technique. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent hamstring autograft ACLR via either an all-inside approach (femoral and tibial sockets) or a complete tibial tunnel approach (femoral socket and full-length, transtibial tunnel) at a single institution between July 2011 and July 2015 were reviewed. Demographic information, preoperative comorbidities, surgical details, physical examination findings, and follow-up outcomes were extracted from the medical record. Physical examination data included pivot-shift, Lachman, and range of motion examinations, whereas PROs included the Tegner activity scale, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Return to sport and risk factors for failure were analyzed. Results: A total of 82 patients (mean ± SD age, 25.8 ± 10.2 years) who underwent all-inside reconstruction (median PRO follow-up, 30.1 months; range, 24.7-72.9 months) and 54 patients (mean ± SD age, 21.1 ± 7.3 years) who underwent complete tibial tunnel reconstruction (median PRO follow-up, 25.8 months; range, 23.9-74.5 months) met the inclusion criteria. PRO scores at latest follow-up were comparable between the all-inside versus the complete tibial tunnel groups (Lysholm score, 93.8 vs 94.4, P = .621; IKDC score, 93.5 vs 93.3, P = .497; Tegner activity score, 6.4 vs 6.8, P = .048). Complications (including graft failure) were experienced by 20% of patients in the all-inside group compared with 24% in the complete tibial tunnel group ( P = .530). Graft failure before the final follow-up was experienced by 10% of patients in the all-inside group compared with 19% in the complete tibial tunnel group ( P = .200). Mean return to sport was 12.5 months in the all-inside group versus 9.9 months in the complete tibial tunnel group ( P = .028). Conclusion: All-inside and complete tibial tunnel hamstring autograft ACLR resulted in excellent physical examination findings and PROs at minimum 2-year follow-up. Both techniques successfully restored knee stability and patient function.
Lin28b regulates age-dependent differences in murine platelet function
Authors: Stolla Massiel Chavez , Catherman Seana C. , Kingsley Paul D. , Rowe R. Grant , Koniski Anne D. , Fegan Katherine , Vit Leah , McGrath Kathleen E. , Daley George Q. , Palis James 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Platelets are essential for hemostasis; however, several studies have identified age-dependent differences in platelet function. To better understand the origins of fetal platelet function, we have evaluated the contribution of the fetal-specific RNA binding protein Lin28b in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage. Because activated fetal platelets have very low levels of P-selectin, we hypothesized that the expression of platelet P-selectin is part of a fetal-specific hematopoietic program conferred by Lin28b. Using the mouse as a model, we find that activated fetal platelets have low levels of P-selectin and do not readily associate with granulocytes in vitro and in vivo, relative to adult controls. Transcriptional analysis revealed high levels of Lin28b and Hmga2 in fetal, but not adult, megakaryocytes. Overexpression of LIN28B in adult mice significantly reduces the expression of P-selectin in platelets, and therefore identifies Lin28b as a negative regulator of P-selectin expression. Transplantation of fetal hematopoietic progenitors resulted in the production of platelets with low levels of P-selectin, suggesting that the developmental regulation of P-selectin is intrinsic and independent of differences between fetal and adult microenvironments. Last, we observe that the upregulation of P-selectin expression occurs postnatally, and the temporal kinetics of this upregulation are recapitulated by transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into adult recipients. Taken together, these studies identify Lin28b as a new intrinsic regulator of fetal platelet function.
Experience of finding footwear and factors contributing to footwear choice in people with gout: a mixed methods study using a web‐based survey
Authors: Brenton‐Rule Angela , Dalbeth Nicola , Edwards N. Lawrence , Rome Keith 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundGout frequently affects the foot, particularly the first metatarsophalangeal joint. People with gout commonly wear ill‐fitting footwear that lacks cushioning and support, which may further contribute to foot pain and disability. Footwear with good cushioning and motion control may be an effective non‐pharmacological intervention. Currently, there is limited understanding about the footwear experience in people with gout. The aim was to understand footwear characteristics, experience of finding footwear, and factors contributing to footwear choice, in people with gout.MethodsA web‐based survey of people visiting a gout education website. Participants self‐reported a diagnosis of gout. The 17‐item survey included questions to elicit demographic and clinical characteristics, type of footwear worn, level of difficulty finding appropriate footwear, and factors contributing to choices about footwear. A mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology was used to report survey findings.ResultsSurvey respondents (n = 83) were predominately White/Caucasian (84%), male (58%), and aged between 46 and 75 years‐old (73%). Thirty‐nine percent were newly diagnosed (< 12 months), 43% had gout for 1–10 years, and 19% had disease over 10 years. Gout flares in the feet were reported by 77 (93%) respondents, mostly in the big toe joint (73%). Seventy‐six (92%) participants completed questions about footwear. Closed‐in athletic shoes (88%), sturdy walking shoes (79%), and casual closed‐in slip‐on shoes (63%) were most frequently worn. Orthopaedic shoes were worn least often (16%). Comfort, fit, support, and ease to put on/take off were the features most often rated as important or very important when choosing footwear. Over half the respondents (64%) reported difficulty in finding footwear. Three categories, encompassing seven subcategories, were identified from the qualitative analysis to describe experiences of footwear. Categories included difficulty finding suitable shoes; impact of shoes on activity; and preferred footwear.ConclusionsPeople with gout need comfortable shoes that conform to the foot, have a wide opening, made from pliable materials with adjustable straps. The main barriers related to footwear include difficulty finding shoes that are wide enough, suitable for work and aesthetically pleasing. These findings provide clinicians with important insights into the priorities and needs of people with gout that should be considered when developing footwear interventions.
Updated Analysis of KEYNOTE-024: Pembrolizumab Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score of 50% or Greater
Authors: Reck Martin , Rodríguez–Abreu Delvys , Robinson Andrew G. , Hui Rina , Csőszi Tibor , Fülöp Andrea , Gottfried Maya , Peled Nir , Tafreshi Ali , Cuffe Sinead , O´Brien Mary , Rao Suman , Hotta Katsuyuki , Vandormael Kristel , Riccio Antonio , Yang Jing , Pietanza M. Catherine , Brahmer Julie R. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose In the randomized, open-label, phase III KEYNOTE-024 study, pembrolizumab significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) compared with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a programmed death ligand 1 tumor proportion score of 50% or greater and without EGFR/ALK aberrations. We report an updated OS and tolerability analysis, including analyses adjusting for potential bias introduced by crossover from chemotherapy to pembrolizumab. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks (for up to 2 years) or investigator’s choice of platinum-based chemotherapy (four to six cycles). Patients assigned to chemotherapy could cross over to pembrolizumab upon meeting eligibility criteria. The primary end point was progression-free survival; OS was an important key secondary end point. Crossover adjustment analysis was done using the following three methods: simplified two-stage method, rank-preserving structural failure time, and inverse probability of censoring weighting. Results Three hundred five patients were randomly assigned (pembrolizumab, n = 154; chemotherapy, n = 151). At data cutoff (July 10, 2017; median follow-up, 25.2 months), 73 patients in the pembrolizumab arm and 96 in the chemotherapy arm had died. Median OS was 30.0 months (95% CI, 18.3 months to not reached) with pembrolizumab and 14.2 months (95% CI, 9.8 to 19.0 months) with chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.86). Eighty-two patients assigned to chemotherapy crossed over on study to receive pembrolizumab. When adjusted for crossover using the two-stage method, the hazard ratio for OS for pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.69); results using rank-preserving structural failure time and inverse probability of censoring weighting were similar. Treatment-related grade 3 to 5 adverse events were less frequent with pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy (31.2% v 53.3%, respectively). Conclusion With prolonged follow-up, first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy continues to demonstrate an OS benefit over chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated, advanced NSCLC without EGFR/ALK aberrations, despite crossover from the control arm to pembrolizumab as subsequent therapy.