bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA-encoded libraries – an efficient small molecule discovery technology for the biomedical sciences
Authors: Kunig Verena , Potowski Marco , Gohla Anne , Brunschweiger Andreas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
DNA-encoded compound libraries are a highly attractive technology for the discovery of small molecule protein ligands. These compound collections consist of small molecules covalently connected to individual DNA sequences carrying readable information about the compound structure. DNA-tagging allows for efficient synthesis, handling and interrogation of vast numbers of chemically synthesized, drug-like compounds. They are screened on proteins by an efficient, generic assay based on Darwinian principles of selection. To date, selection of DNA-encoded libraries allowed for the identification of numerous bioactive compounds. Some of these compounds uncovered hitherto unknown allosteric binding sites on target proteins; several compounds proved their value as chemical biology probes unraveling complex biology; and the first examples of clinical candidates that trace their ancestry to a DNA-encoded library were reported. Thus, DNA-encoded libraries proved their value for the biomedical sciences as a generic technology for the identification of bioactive drug-like molecules numerous times. However, large scale experiments showed that even the selection of billions of compounds failed to deliver bioactive compounds for the majority of proteins in an unbiased panel of target proteins. This raises the question of compound library design.
Hypoxia and serum deprivation induces glycan alterations in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Albuquerque Amanda P.B. , Balmaña Meritxell , Mereiter Stefan , Pinto Filipe , Reis Celso A. , Beltrão Eduardo I.C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major global public health problem. The lack of targeted therapy and the elevated mortality evidence the need for better knowledge of the tumor biology. Hypoxia and aberrant glycosylation are associated with advanced stages of malignancy, tumor progression and treatment resistance. Importantly, serum deprivation regulates the invasive phenotype and favors TNBC cell survival. However, in TNBC, the role of hypoxia and serum deprivation in the regulation of glycosylation remains largely unknown. The effects of hypoxia and serum deprivation on the expression of glycosyltransferases and glycan profile were evaluated in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. We showed that the overexpression of HIF-1α was accompanied by acquisition of epithelial-mesenchimal transition features. Significant upregulation of fucosyl- and sialyltransferases involved in the synthesis of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens was observed together with changes in fucosylation and sialylation detected by Aleuria aurantia lectin and Sambucus nigra agglutinin lectin blots. Bioinformatic analysis further indicated a mechanism by which HIF-1α can regulate ST3GAL6 expression and the relationship within the intrinsic characteristics of TNBC tumors. In conclusion, our results showed the involvement of hypoxia and serum deprivation in glycosylation profile regulation of TNBC cells triggering breast cancer aggressive features and suggesting glycosylation as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.
Protein crystallization in living cells
Authors: Schönherr Robert , Rudolph Janine Mia , Redecke Lars 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Protein crystallization in living cells has been observed surprisingly often as a native assembly process during the past decades, and emerging evidence indicates that this phenomenon is also accessible for recombinant proteins. But only recently the advent of high-brilliance synchrotron sources, X-ray free-electron lasers, and improved serial data collection strategies has allowed the use of these micrometer-sized crystals for structural biology. Thus, in cellulo crystallization could offer exciting new possibilities for proteins that do not crystallize applying conventional approaches. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of intracellular protein crystallization. This includes an overview of the cellular functions, the physical properties, and, if known, the mode of regulation of native in cellulo crystal formation, complemented with a discussion of the reported crystallization events of recombinant proteins and the current method developments to successfully collect X-ray diffraction data from in cellulo crystals. Although the intracellular protein self-assembly mechanisms are still poorly understood, regulatory differences between native in cellulo crystallization linked to a specific function and accidently crystallizing proteins, either disease associated or recombinantly introduced, become evident. These insights are important to systematically exploit living cells as protein crystallization chambers in the future.
Effects of Single versus Multiple Bouts of Resistance Training on Maximal Strength and Anaerobic Performance
Authors: Shiau Kai , Tsao Te Hung , Yang Chang Bin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study examined the effects of one single bout daily versus triple bouts of resistance exercise for 12 weeks on muscular strength and anaerobic performance of the upper body. Twenty young male adults (age: 22.0 ± 1.0 years, bench press: 44.0 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to a single bout (SB) or triple bouts (TB) of resistance exercise group. Maximal strength and anaerobic performance of the upper body using the bench press (one-repetition maximum) and the modified 30 s Wingate test were determined before and after the intervention. Additionally, changes in lactate levels before and after the Wingate test were measured. Although the SB and TB groups showed a significant increase in maximal strength (post-intervention, SB: 67.2 ± 9.2 and TB: 67.6 ± 7.6 kg, respectively) compared with the values at pre-intervention (SB: 44.6 ± 11.4 and TB: 43.9 ± 8.7 kg, respectively), there was no significant difference for this variable between the two groups post-intervention (p> 0.05). The anaerobic performance of the upper body in the SB and TB groups also displayed improvements without significant difference between the two groups after the completion of different training regimes. On the basis of the same training volume, multiple bouts of resistance training showed similar improvements in maximal strength and anaerobic performance to one bout of resistance training in young adult men without prior experience in resistance training
Epidemiology of Time-Loss Injuries in Senior and Under-18 Portuguese Male Rugby Players
Authors: Cruz-Ferreira Antonio Miguel , Cruz-Ferreira Eduardo Miguel , Ribeiro Pedro Barbosa , Santiago Luiz Miguel , Taborda-Barata Luis 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Rugby union has one of the highest injury incidence rates in team sports, however, most of the available data focus on the epidemiology of injuries in countries where rugby is popular. We aimed to report the incidence rate and relevant epidemiological aspects of injuries occurred in a group of Portuguese male rugby players. A prospective cohort study was conducted with a group of 45 senior and 32 under-18 male players (total of 77 players). Outcome measures included injury incidence, position, type, location and severity of injuries. The match injury incidence for all players was 55.84 per 1000 player match-hours (66.66 for seniors, 42.85 for under-18), while mean time-loss for injury was 20.79 days. No statistical differences were found between groups. Lower limb injuries accounted for 60.5% of all injuries, while joint/ligament injuries were the most prevalent type. Contact events were responsible for 65.1% of injuries. Despite the limitations, the obtained data are consistent with the literature. Time-loss injuries seem highly prevalent in rugby union and the incidence rates found in this Portuguese-based study were lower than the reported for international and senior men’s professional rugby union, but higher than those occurring in community rugby in tier-1 countries. The authors believe these data reinforce the need to develop and implement effective injury surveillance and prevention programs.
The Effectiveness of Land and Water Based Resistance Training on Shoulder Rotator Cuff Strength and Balance of Youth Swimmers
Authors: Batalha Nuno , Dias Sónia , Marinho Daniel A. , Parraca José A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The continuous execution of swimming techniques, supported mainly by the upper limbs, may cause shoulder rotator muscle imbalances, which leads to injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two training programs on strength, balance and endurance of shoulder rotator cuff muscles in youth swimmers. Twenty-five male swimmers were evaluated and randomly divided into two groups – the land group (n = 13), which conducted a conventional dry-land training program with elastic bands, and the water group (n = 12), which conducted a water resistance program. In both groups, the level of strength of the shoulder rotators was evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer on two occasions (baseline and after 10 weeks) using two protocols: i) three repetitions at 60
o
/s; ii) twenty repetitions at 180
o
/s. The land group significantly increased the unilateral ratios compared to the water group. The land group also decreased the external rotator levels of muscular fatigue. The dry-land training program conducted proved to be more effective than the one conducted in the water, allowing to reduce the muscle imbalance and to decrease muscle fatigue.
Effect of Pitch Size on Technical-Tactical Actions of the Goalkeeper in Small-Sided Games
Authors: Jara Daniel , Ortega Enrique , Gómez Miguel-Ángel , Baranda Pilar Sainz de 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to determine how the size of the pitch affected technical and tactical actions of the goalkeeper when playing small-sided games. The participants were 13 male youth players, including 3 goalkeepers. Three different pitch sizes were used (62 x 44 m; 50 x 35 m; 32 x 23 m). On each pitch, the players played three matches of 8 minutes, with 5-minute breaks between matches. Numerous variables were recorded and examined: defensive and offensive technical and tactical actions, opponent’s shooting zone, length and zone of the offensive action, and goal zone where the shoot was directed. An ad hoc observational tool was used. A descriptive analysis was described. The Fisher’s exact test was used when the expected distribution was below 5 or included values below 1%. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that the technical-tactical actions of the goalkeeper differed among pitch sizes. In defensive actions, when the pitch was larger, the 1-on-1 situations took precedence, whereas when the pitch was smaller, the proportion of blocks increased. In offensive actions, the goalkeepers did not show a wide variety of actions when the pitch was larger, but when the pitch was smaller, passes with a hand or foot increased. These results show that the size should be taken into account when planning and designing tasks.
Production of NMSBA from NMST Catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br and HPW@C Modified with ZnCl2 Solution
Authors: Wen Di , Fang Zhou-wen , He Heng , Zhang Chao , Long Xiang-li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (NMSBA) can be produced by oxidizing 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonyltoluene (NMST) with air catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br and phosphotungstic acid(HPW) loaded on activated carbon. This paper reports that the catalytic ability of the HPW@C catalyst in the oxidation of NMST to NMSBA can be improved by treating the activated carbon with ZnCl2solution. The best modification condition with ZnCl2solution is impregnating the carbon sample in 0.1 mol/L solution for 6 h followed by calcination at 600 °C for 4 h. The increase of the surface area and the acidic groups on the carbon surface enhances the catalytic ability of the HPW@C catalyst. The mesopores play an important role in the catalytic oxidation of NMST to NMSBA.
A stochastic differential game of low carbon technology sharing in collaborative innovation system of superior enterprises and inferior enterprises under uncertain environment
Authors: Yin Shi , Li Baizhou 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Considering the fact that the development of low carbon economy calls for the low carbon technology sharing between interested enterprises, this paper study a stochastic differential game of low carbon technology sharing in collaborative innovation system of superior enterprises and inferior enterprises. In the paper, we consider the random interference factors that include the uncertain external environment and the internal understanding limitations of decision maker. In the model, superior enterprises and inferior enterprises are separated entities, and they play Stacklberg master-slave game, Nash non-cooperative game, and cooperative game, respectively. We discuss the feedback equilibrium strategies of superior enterprises and inferior enterprises, and it is found that some random interference factors in sharing system can make the variance of improvement degree of low carbon technology level in the cooperation game higher than the variance in the Stackelberg game, and the result of Stackelberg game is similar to the result of Nash game. Additionally, a government subsidy incentive and a special subsidy that inferior enterprises give to superior enterprises are proposed.
Low-Velocity Impact Characterization of Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Hygrothermal Effect
Authors: Zai Behzad Ahmed , Khan M. A. , Park M. K. , Shahzad Majid , Shahzad M. A. , Nisar Salman , Khan S. Z. , Khan Kamran , Shah Aqueel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this article, low-velocity impact characteristics of UHN125C carbon fiber/epoxy composite, including unidirectional (0°), cross-directional (0°/90°), and quasi-isotropic layups, were experimentally measured. The effect of the fiber orientation angle and stacking sequences on impact force and induced strain were measured via an instrumented drop-weight apparatus with special concern for the moisture absorption effect. Dried specimens were immersed in distilled water for a certain period of time to absorb water for intermediate and saturated moisture content. It was observed that the impulse was reduced with the increase in moisture content; on the other hand, strain increased with moisture, as measured by DBU-120A strain-indicating software (MADSER Corp., El Paso, TX). Impact damage is widely recognized as one of the most detrimental damage forms in composite laminates because it dissipates the incident energy by a combination of matrix damage, fiber fracture, and fiber-matrix debonding. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the impact strength of a structure, especially for applications in industries such as aerospace, ship design, and some other commercial applications. The use of composite materials in engineering applications is increasing rapidly because they have higher strength-to-weight ratios than metals. The strength, stiffness, and, eventually, the life of composite materials are affected more than conventional materials by the presence of moisture and temperature. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the response of composites in a hydrothermal environment.
Pharmacological Dopamine Manipulation Does Not Alter Reward-Based Improvements in Memory Retention during a Visuomotor Adaptation Task
Authors: Quattrocchi Graziella , Monaco Jessica , Ho Andy , Irmen Friederike , Strube Wolfgang , Ruge Diane , Bestmann Sven , Galea Joseph M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotor adaptation tasks investigate our ability to adjust motor behaviors to an ever-changing and unpredictable world. Previous work has shown that punishment-based feedback delivered during a visuomotor adaptation task enhances error-reduction, whereas reward increases memory retention. While the neural underpinnings of the influence of punishment on the adaptation phase remain unclear, reward has been hypothesized to increase retention through dopaminergic mechanisms. We directly tested this hypothesis through pharmacological manipulation of the dopaminergic system. A total of 96 young healthy human participants were tested in a placebo-controlled double-blind between-subjects design in which they adapted to a 40° visuomotor rotation under reward or punishment conditions. We confirmed previous evidence that reward enhances retention, but the dopamine (DA) precursor levodopa (LD) or the DA antagonist haloperidol failed to influence performance. We reason that such a negative result could be due to experimental limitations or it may suggest that the effect of reward on motor memory retention is not driven by dopaminergic processes. This provides further insight regarding the role of motivational feedback in optimizing motor learning, and the basis for further decomposing the effect of reward on the subprocesses known to underlie motor adaptation paradigms.
Multiple Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Processes Require Smg5 in Drosophila
Authors: Nelson Jonathan O , Förster Dominique , Frizzell Kimberly A , Luschnig Stefan , Metzstein Mark M 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay (NMD) pathway is a cellular quality control and post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism and is essential for viability in most multicellular organisms . A complex of proteins has been identified to be required for NMD function to occur; however, there is an incomplete understanding of the individual contributions of each of these factors to the NMD process. Central to the NMD process are three proteins, Upf1 (SMG-2), Upf2 (SMG-3), and Upf3 (SMG-4), which are found in all eukaryotes, with Upf1 and Upf2 being absolutely required for NMD in all organisms in which their functions have been examined. The other known NMD factors, Smg1, Smg5, Smg6, and Smg7, are more variable in their presence in different orders of organisms and are thought to have a more regulatory role. Here we present the first genetic analysis of the NMD factor Smg5 in Drosophila. Surprisingly, we find that unlike the other analyzed Smg genes in this organism, Smg5 is essential for NMD activity. We found this is due in part to a requirement for Smg5 in both the activity of Smg6-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage, as well as an additional Smg6-independent mechanism. Redundancy between these degradation pathways explains why some Drosophila NMD genes are not required for all NMD-pathway activity. We also found that while the NMD component Smg1 has only a minimal role in Drosophila NMD during normal conditions, it becomes essential when NMD activity is compromised by partial loss of Smg5 function. Our findings suggest that not all NMD complex components are required for NMD function at all times, but instead are utilized in a context-dependent manner in vivo.
Rationalist Hymnbooks in the Early 19th century Latvian Literature: an Episode in the History of Reading in Livonia and Courland
Authors: Daija Pauls 
Published: June 2018

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
The article explores the introduction of the Rationalist hymnbooks in the Latvian literature during the first decade of the 19th century as an episode in the history of reading in Livonia and Courland. The reformed hymnbooks met with strong resistance of the Latvian reading public that might be explained by the significant place of the traditional hymnbook in peasants’ lives. In the article, the process of the introduction of new hymnbooks has been analysed along with the reasons for a dismissive attitude from the Latvian readers. In the context of the history of reading, the introduction of new hymnbooks has been described in terms of segregation in the reading public, as analysed by the Latvian scholar Aleksejs Apīnis.
Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents
Authors: Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Quante Mirja , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Redline Susan , Oken Emily , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Shorter sleep duration is associated with childhood obesity. Few studies measure sleep quantity and quality objectively or examine cardiometabolic biomarkers other than obesity.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional study of 829 adolescents derived sleep duration, efficiency and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from &gt;5 days of wrist actigraphy recording for &gt;10 hours/day. The main outcome was a metabolic risk score (mean of 5 sex-specific z-scores for waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol scaled inversely, and log-transformed triglycerides and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), for which higher scores indicate greater metabolic risk. Secondary outcomes included score components and dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry fat mass. We measured socioeconomic status, race and/or ethnicity, pubertal status, and obesity-related behaviors (television-viewing and fast food and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption) using questionnaires.

RESULTS:
The sample was 51.5% girls; mean (SD) age 13.2 (0.9) years, median (interquartile range) sleep duration was 441.1 (54.8) minutes per day and sleep efficiency was 84.0% (6.3). Longer sleep duration was associated with lower metabolic risk scores (−0.11 points; 95% CI: −0.19 to −0.02, per interquartile range). Associations with sleep efficiency were similar and persisted after adjustment for BMI z score and physical activity, television-viewing, and diet quality. Longer sleep duration and greater sleep efficiency were also favorably associated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fat mass.

CONCLUSIONS:
Longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency were associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic profile in early adolescence, independent of other obesity-related behaviors. These results support the need to assess the role of sleep quantity and quality interventions as strategies for improving cardiovascular risk profiles of adolescents.
Obesity frequency and related risk factors in primary school children
Authors: Ardıç Cüneyt , Omar Esma 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The aim of this
study was to determine the obesity and overweight situations and related
factors among the children between the ages of 6-11 studying in Rize, Turkey. Methods: The study included 180 pediatric patients (86 girls and 94 boys) applying
to our policlinic, who born between 2006 and 2010. The age, height, weight and
gender of children and their parents, physical activity status of children,
frequency of convenience goods consumption, education and income status of
parents and duration of children spent on television were evaluated. Body mass
indexes of participants were measured and compared with their socio-demographic
characteristics. Results: Obesity was found in 12.2% and overweight was found in
15% of all students participating the study. While a relation was found between
being obese or overweight with gender, body mass index of parents, staying more
than 2 hours a day in front of television, fast-food consumption and low
physicial activity; no relation could be found between the educational status
of parents, time of starting supplementary food during infancy and and the
duration of total breastfeeding. Conclusions: The increase in
frequency of childhood obesity has been particularly important for identifying
risk factors associated with obesity and competing with these factors in the
early period. Family physicians, the first contact points of the patients, are
the most important part of the health system in preventing childhood obesity. A
higher prevalence of childhood obesity than other studies in the literature may
indicate that obesity will become an increasingly common problem.