bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First flush of non-point source pollution and hydrological effects of LID in a Guangzhou community
Authors: Zeng Jiajun , Huang Guoru , Luo Haiwan , Mai Yepeng , Wu Haichun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo study the first flush effect of nonpoint source pollution in the Guangzhou community unit, runoff from roads, roofs, and green spaces during three rainfall events was collected and analyzed for pollutants. Nine runoff pollution indices were considered. The dimensionless cumulative curve of pollutant mass vs. volume, the first flush coefficient (b) and the mass first flush ratio (MFFn) were used to assess the first flush effect of different underlying surfaces. The assessment results pointed out that the roof was most prone to first flush effect. And ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus were the main pollutants in the first flush in the study area. For a quantitative analysis of the first flush, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to simulate the hydrological effect of low impact development (LID) implementation in the community. The results showed that the first flush strength was reduced after setting LID. And LID measures, such as green roofs and sunken green spaces, contribute to flood control and rainwater purification. This research can be relevant regarding for constructing sponge cities and reducing the pollution caused by the first flush.
Improved virtual synchronous generator with transient damping link and its seamless transfer control for cascaded H‐bridge multilevel converter‐based energy storage system
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Guozhu , Saqib Ali Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

To improve the efficiency, power quality and reliability for large‐scale renewable energy sources (RESs), a transformerless energy storage system (ESS) based on cascaded H‐bridge converter (CHB) is presented in this study. Furthermore, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is investigated to make ESS integrated to grid friendly. This study points out and discusses that the primary frequency regulation (PFR) of ESS will be deteriorated by the damping link in VSG due to the coupling problem, and to this end, the proposed virtual transient damping link (TDL) is introduced to simulate the transient and steady‐state characteristics of synchronous generators (SGs) accurately without affecting the frequency regulation of ESS. In addition, the small‐signal dynamic model of VSG with TDL is established, besides, the influence of VSG control parameters on system stability is analysed by the generalised root locus method and the parameters are quantitatively designed. Furthermore, a direct voltage‐phase discrimination‐based pre‐synchronising control strategy is proposed to realise the seamless transfer between islanded and grid‐connected modes for ESS. The simulation and 10 kW prototype experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies and the theoretical analysis.
Neuroendokrine Neoplasien im deutschen NET-Register
Authors: Maasberg Sebastian , Pape Ulrich-Frank , Fottner Christian , Goretzki Peter E. , Anlauf Martin , Hörsch Dieter , Cremer Birgit , Schulte Dominik M. , Quietzsch Detlef , Scheerer Frank , Pöpperl Gabriele , Poeppel Thorsten D. , Begum Nehara , Grohé Christian , Rinke Anja , Plöckinger Ursula , Wiedenmann Betram , Arnold Rudolf , Neuhaus Peter , Knapp Wolfram H. , Lehnert Hendrick , Auernhammer Christoph , Pavel Marianne , Weikersthal Ludwig Fischer von , Schmidt Bernd , Klein Harald H. , Essler Markus , Neumann Jörg-Dietrich , Hamann Susanne , Steffens Frank , Demtröder Frank , Kröcher Anke , Zoicas Flavius , Lahner Harald , Weber Frank , Geißler Michael , Raffel Andreas , Krausch Markus , Zimmermann Patrick , Lerch Markus M. , Wirth Thomas , Lang Matthias , Ezziddin Samer , Lammert Frank , Bischoff Marina , Altendorf-Hofmann Annelore , Müller Lothar , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Klose Silke , Musholt Thomas J. , Post Stefan , Gertler Ralf , Scheuerlein Hubert , Bergmann Tanja , Bisping Guido , Knauerhase Andreas , Rendenbach Bernhard , Groß Volker , Scheurlen Michael , Mönig Heiner , Kudlich Theodor , Grabowski Patricia , Musholt Thomas J. , Watza Felix , Scheidhauer Klemens , Möbius Elke 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungNeuroendokrine Neoplasien (NEN) umfassen eine seltene Tumorentität mit heterogener Biologie, Prognose und therapeutischen Optionen. In Zusammenhang mit der kürzlichen Publikation der ersten deutschen Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie von NEN erfolgte die Analyse der Kohorte des Deutschen NET-Registers der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie (DGE). Hierzu wurden 2686 Fälle extrahiert und ihre Patientencharakteristika wie Alter, Geschlecht, Primärtumorlokalisation, Grading und Staging dargestellt sowie das Gesamtüberleben berechnet. Zusätzlich wurden die systemischen Behandlungsstrategien in den beiden größten Untergruppen, NEN des Dünndarms und Pankreas, im Stadium der Metastasierung analysiert.Die Verteilung der Primärtumoren, die histopathologische Charakterisierung, das Tumorstadium sowie das Gesamtüberleben waren vergleichbar mit den Ergebnissen internationaler Registerstudien. Somatostatinanaloga (SSA) und die Peptid-Rezeptor-Radionuklid-Therapie (PRRT) waren die häufigsten systemischen Therapieverfahren bei Dünndarm-NEN. Hingegen wurde eine Chemotherapie – in Übereinstimmung mit der neuen Leitlinie – vor allem bei pankreatischen NEN eingesetzt und kam in der Erstlinie in ähnlicher Frequenz wie die SSA-Therapie bzw. in der Zweitlinie ähnlich häufig wie eine PRRT zum Einsatz. Prognostisch relevante Parameter waren die WHO-Klassifikation 2010 und das TNM-Staging.Die aktuelle Analyse des deutschen NET-Registers charakterisiert damit eine multizentrische, interdisziplinäre, deutschlandweite Kohorte von NEN-Patienten und beschreibt die angewendeten systemischen Therapieverfahren, das Gesamtüberleben und die prognostische Bedeutung der WHO-Klassifikation 2010 sowie des TNM-Stadiums.
Wie Gemütssymptome entstehen
Authors: Frei Heiner 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Neurowissenschaften haben lange versucht, das Gehirn im Hinblick darauf zu kartieren, bestimmte Gemütssymptome einer spezifischen anatomischen Region zuzuordnen. Das ist nicht gelungen. Stattdessen zeigen funktionelle MRI-Untersuchungen, dass identisch benannte Gemütssymptome in jeder Testperson unterschiedliche Teile des Gehirns aktivieren. Erklärt wird der Befund damit, dass nicht nur der Auslöser die Reaktion bestimmt, sondern spezifische Eigenheiten des Menschen, wie seine affektive Realität, konstruierte Konzepte und sein sozialer Hintergrund. – Für die Homöopathie bedeutet dies, dass es schwierig ist, eine Übereinstimmung zu erreichen zwischen den Gemütssymptomen eines Patienten und denjenigen, die ein Prüfer mit zeitlichem, oft auch geografischem und kulturellem Abstand in die Materia medica einbrachte. Hahnemanns und Bönninghausens Umgang mit Gemütssymptomen werden besprochen, und anhand eines Fallbeispiels wird gezeigt, wie deren Empfehlungen in der Polaritätsanalyse umgesetzt werden.
Scaffolding for cognitive and linguistic challenges in CLIL science assessments
Authors: Lo Yuen Yi , Lui Wai-mei , Wong Mona 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programmes, students learn some non-language content subjects through a second/foreign language (L2), and their content knowledge is often assessed in their L2. It follows that students are likely to face challenges in both cognitive and linguistic aspects in assessments. Yet, there has been limited research exploring whether and how CLIL teachers help their students cope with those challenges. This multi-case study seeks to address this issue by investigating the instructional and assessment practices of two science teachers in Hong Kong secondary schools. The two teachers presented an interesting contrast – one teacher incorporated both implicit and explicit language instruction in her lessons, so her students were well prepared for the assessment tasks; the other teacher’s instructional and assessment practices were heavily content-oriented, and it is not sure whether students mastered both content and L2. These findings illuminate CLIL pedagogy and teacher education.
Exploring register variation on Reddit
Authors: Liimatta Aatu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While the language of the internet has been an increasingly popular research topic, there remain many understudied areas and topics which deserve more attention. This study explores register variation within the social media website Reddit using the multi-dimensional approach developed by Douglas Biber. Reddit, the third most popular English-language social media website after the giants Facebook and Twitter, is made up of thousands of user-created ‘subreddits’, subcommunities centered around different topics, where users make posts and comment on them. Many different communities and topic areas under one roof makes Reddit a particularly fruitful source of research material. In this paper, three register dimensions are extracted from data collected over one month from a group of thirty-seven subreddits: ‘On-line Subjective Production’, ‘Informational Style’ and ‘Instructional Focus’. These dimensions describe register variation within Reddit in meaningful ways. They are also in line with suggested register universals (Biber 2014).
Relationship of tongue coating microbiome on volatile sulfur compounds in healthy and halitosis adults
Authors: Ye Wei , Zhang Yu , He Mei , Zhu Ce , Feng Xi-Ping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to assess the microbiome variations related to intraoral halitosis and its relationship with volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) among periodontally healthy Chinese adults. Material and methods: Tongue coating samples were collected from 28 periodontally healthy subjects (16 subjects with halitosis and 12 subjects without halitosis) who fulfilled the selection criteria. The organoleptic score (OS) was used to evaluate the halitosis status. The characterization of associated microbial communities was performed using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and metagenomics methods. Results: A wide range of microbial communities, including 13 phyla, 23 classes, 37 orders, 134 genera, 266 species and 349 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), were detected. The Shannon index values were significantly higher in the halitosis group. Genera, such as Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Leptotrichia, Peptostreptococcus and Stomatobaculum, exhibited significantly higher relative percentages in halitosis samples, when compared to healthy samples. Peptostreptococcus, Alloprevotella, Eubacterium nodatum and Stomatobaculum exhibited significantly positive correlations with the total number of VSCs. Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium nodatum and Alloprevotella were correlated with increased H2S and CH3SH concentration values. Bergeyella was correlated with decreased total VSC, H2S and CH3SH concentration values. Conclusion: Microbial diversity was higher in the halitosis group than in the control group, and several bacteria were significantly correlated to halitosis. Furthermore, there were correlations between tongue bacterial composition structure and VSC gases. Tongue coating microbiota can offer important clues in the investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of halitosis.
A gene regulatory network for Müllerian duct regression
Authors: Moses Malcolm M , Behringer Richard R 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMammalian embryos initially develop progenitor tissues for both male and female reproductive tract organs, known as the Wolffian ducts and the Müllerian ducts, respectively. Ultimately, each individual develops a single set of male or female reproductive tract organs. Therefore, an essential step for sex differentiation is the regression of one duct and growth and differentiation of the other duct. In males, this requires Müllerian duct regression and Wolffian duct growth and differentiation. Müllerian duct regression is induced by the expression of Amh, encoding anti-Müllerian hormone, from the fetal testes. Subsequently, receptor-mediated signal transduction in mesenchymal cells surrounding the Müllerian duct epithelium leads to duct elimination. The genes that induce Amh transcription and the downstream signaling that results from Amh activity form a pathway. However, the molecular details of this pathway are currently unknown. A set of essential genes for AMH pathway function has been identified. More recently, transcriptome analysis of male and female Müllerian duct mesenchyme at an initial stage of regression has identified new genes that may mediate elimination of the Müllerian system. The evidence taken together can be used to generate an initial gene regulatory network describing the Amh pathway for Müllerian duct regression. An Amh gene regulatory network will be a useful tool to study Müllerian duct regression, sex differentiation, and its relationship to environmental influences.
African Basil (Ocimum gratissimum) Is a Reservoir of Divergent Begomoviruses in Uganda
Authors: Mollel Happyness G. , Ndunguru Joseph , Sseruwagi Peter , Alicai Titus , Colvin John , Navas-Castillo Jesús , Fiallo-Olivé Elvira 
Published: September 2019

Begomoviruses are plant viruses that cause major losses to many economically important crops. Although they are poorly understood, begomoviruses infecting wild plants may have an important role as reservoirs in the epidemiology of viral diseases. This study reports the discovery and genomic characterization of three novel bipartite begomoviruses from wild and cultivated African basil (Ocimum gratissimum) plants collected in Uganda, East Africa. Based on the symptoms shown by the infected plants, the names proposed for these viruses are Ocimum yellow vein virus (OcYVV), Ocimum mosaic virus (OcMV), and Ocimum golden mosaic virus (OcGMV). Genome and phylogenetic analyses suggest that DNA-A of OcGMV is mostly related to begomoviruses infecting tomato in Africa, whereas those of OcYVV and OcMV are closely related to one another and highly divergent within the Old World begomoviruses. The DNA-A of all characterized begomovirus isolates are of a recombinant nature, revealing the role of recombination in the evolution of these begomoviruses. The viruses characterized here are the first identified in O. gratissimum and the first in Ocimum spp. in the African continent and could have important epidemiological consequences for cultivated basils and other important crops. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Improved Accuracy of Cervical Spinal Surgery With Robot-Assisted Screw Insertion
Authors: Fan Mingxing , Liu Yajun , He Da , Han Xiaoguang , Zhao Jingwei , Duan Fangfang , Liu Bo , Tian Wei 
Published: September 2019

Study Design.
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Objective.
To compare robot-assisted and conventional implantation techniques by evaluating the accuracy and safety of implanting screws in cervical vertebrae.

Summary of Background Data.
Cervical spinal surgery is difficult and dangerous as screw misplacement might lead not only to decreased stability but also neurological, vascular, and visceral injuries. A new robot-assisted surgical procedure has been introduced to improve the accuracy of implant screw positioning.

Methods.
We randomly assigned 135 patients with newly diagnosed cervical spinal disease and who required screw fixation using either robot-assisted or conventional fluoroscopy-assisted cervical spinal surgery. The primary outcomes were the discrepancies between the planned trajectories and the actual screw positions.

Results.
Altogether, 127 patients underwent the assigned intervention (61 robot-assisted and 66 conventional fluoroscopy-assisted). The baseline characteristics including the screw types, were similar in the two groups. Altogether, 390 screws were planed and placed in the cervical vertebrae, and 94.9% were acceptable. The robot-assisted group had a better screw placement accuracy than the conventional fluoroscopy-assisted group with associated P values <0.001 (0.83 [0.44, 1.29] vs. 1.79 [1.41, 2.50] mm). The Gertzbein and Robbins scales also showed a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the robot-assisted group experienced significantly less blood loss during surgery than the conventional fluoroscopy-assisted group (200 [50, 375] vs. 350 [100, 500] mL; P = 0.002) and shorter length of stay after surgery (P = 0.021). These two groups did not differ significantly regarding the duration of the operation (P = 0.525). Neurological injury occurred in one case in the conventional fluoroscopy-assisted group.

Conclusion.
The accuracy and clinical outcomes of cervical spinal surgery using the robot-assisted technique tended to be superior to those with the conventional fluoroscopy-assisted technique in this prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Level of Evidence: 2
The ambiguity of sciatica as a clinical diagnosis: A case series
Authors: Troutner Alyssa M. , Battaglia Patrick J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Sciatica as a clinical diagnosis is nonspecific. A diagnosis of sciatica is typically used as a synonym for lumbosacral radiculopathy. However, the differential for combined low back and leg pain is broad, and the etiology can be one several different conditions. The lifetime prevalence of sciatica ranges from 12.2% to 43%, and nonsuccessful outcomes of treatment are prevalent. Nurse practitioners and other primary care clinicians often have minimal training in differential diagnosis of the complex causes of lower back and leg pain, and many lack adequate time per patient encounter to work up these conditions. Differentiating causes of low back and leg pain proves challenging, and inadequate or incomplete diagnoses result in suboptimal outcomes. Chiropractic care availability may lessen demands of primary care with respect to spinal complaints, while simultaneously improving patient outcomes. The authors describe three patients referred from primary care with a clinical diagnosis of sciatica despite differing underlying pathologies. More precise clinical terminology should be used when diagnosing patients with combined low back and leg pain. Nurse practitioners and other clinicians' triage, treat, and determine appropriate referrals for low back and leg pain. Multidisciplinary care including chiropractic may add value in settings where patients with lower back and leg pain are treated.
Developing advanced practice nurse writing competencies as a corequisite for evidence-based practice
Authors: Rohan Annie , Fullerton Judith 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Writing competency is increasingly recognized as imperative for advanced practice nurses (APNs) who are engaged in evidence-based practice (EBP). Writing skills are an implied expectation inherent in many APN evidence-based practice competencies, such as “formulating evidence based policies and procedures,” and “communicates best evidence ….” A quality improvement project was implemented for APN's within a post-Master's Doctor of Nursing Practice program, to create a novel set of low-cost, high-impact strategies that could be embedded into a program of study to improve APN writing skills. Prior work has indicated that mentorship and peer support are useful strategies that can contribute to the enhancement of APN writing skills. This study builds on prior work to develop a quantitative evaluation of a peer-supported writing intervention for APNs. Read Aloud innovation was one of two strategies chosen from among many writing improvement strategies identified in the literature because of easy implementation, even by faculty who lacked confidence in providing traditional writing instruction. If explicit development of writing competencies is not elevated to a higher priority in APN education, suboptimal writing confidence is likely to continue across the professional lifetime and will present as a recurring challenge for APNs who pursue higher educational degrees, transition into faculty roles, or seek to fully develop APN EBP competencies. Findings from this study indicate that feedback received from peers during the structured Read Aloud innovation, with emphasis on hierarchy of paragraph sentences (i.e., explicit examination for overarching quality of the leading sentence), is effective in improving clarity and brevity of writing among APNs.
Higher anti-tumor necrosis factor levels are associated with perianal fistula healing and fistula closure in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Plevris Nikolas , Jenkinson Philip W. , Arnott Ian D. , Jones Gareth R. , Lees Charlie W. 
Published: September 2019

Objective
Limited data are available regarding the relationship between anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drug/antibody levels and perianal fistula outcomes in Crohn’s disease. The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between maintenance anti-TNF levels and perianal fistula outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients receiving maintenance adalimumab or infliximab therapy (minimum 24 weeks) for the treatment of Crohn’s disease with associated perianal fistulas, who had anti-TNF drug/antibody levels (trough for infliximab) measured within 4 weeks of clinical assessment. The primary outcome was the association of anti-TNF levels with perianal fistula healing defined as the absence of drainage. The secondary outcome was the association of anti-TNF levels with complete perianal fistula closure.

Results
A total of 64 patients (adalimumab, n = 35; infliximab, n = 29) were included. Patients with fistula healing had higher levels of anti-TNF vs. those without fistula healing (adalimumab: 12.6 vs. 2.7 μg/mL, P < 0.01; infliximab: 8.1 vs. 3.2 μg/mL, P < 0.01). Patients with fistula closure also had significantly higher anti-TNF levels vs. those without fistula closure (adalimumab: 14.8 vs. 5.7 μg/mL, P < 0.01; infliximab: 8.2 vs. 3.2 μg/mL, P < 0.01). For adalimumab, receiver operator characteristic analysis identified an optimum level of >6.8 μg/mL and >9.8 μg/mL for fistula healing and closure, respectively. For infliximab, receiver operator characteristic analysis identified an optimum trough level of >7.1 μg/mL for both fistula healing and closure.

Conclusion
Higher maintenance anti-TNF levels are associated with perianal fistula healing and closure in Crohn’s disease.