bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of propagule pressure affects non‐native plant species abundances
Authors: De Jong Gabriel L. , Fowler Norma L. 
Published: February 2018

Premise of the StudyInvasions by non‐native species are known to be related to present propagule pressure (e.g., the number of non‐native seeds arriving in a site each year). However, previous studies have mostly ignored the potential effects of the length of time that a site has experienced propagule pressure. This study is novel in studying past as well as present propagule pressure and in demonstrating the importance of past propagule pressure.MethodsWe tested the importance of past and present propagule pressure in three plant communities in central Texas to quantify relationships between variables representing past and present propagule pressure, other environmental variables, and the abundance of non‐native and native woody plant species.Key ResultsDuration of propagule pressure predicted non‐native species richness. Sites had greater non‐native species richness if they were nearer to development (houses, roads) and if nearby development was older. While mesic woodlands had the most native species, streamside woodlands had the most non‐native species.ConclusionsFirst, future studies of non‐native invasions would benefit from including past as well as present propagule pressure. If past propagule pressure is not considered, its effects may be wrongly ascribed to present propagule pressure. Second, the non‐native species in this study are widely used in landscaping, and development age reflects the years that landscaping has been present nearby. As xeriscaping becomes more common, streamside woodlands may someday not have the highest non‐native species richness: the new drought‐tolerant landscaping plants may be better invaders of drier sites than their predecessors.
Intramolekulare Aza‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen von ortho‐Chinon‐ methidiminen – ein schneller, katalytischer und enantioselektiver Aufbau benzanellierter Chinolizidine
Authors: Kretzschmar Martin , Hofmann Fabian , Moock Daniel , Schneider Christoph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAza‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen (ADARs) sind leistungsfähige Prozesse zum schnellen und stereoselektiven Aufbau von Stickstoffheterocyclen. Intramolekulare Varianten bieten darüber hinaus die Möglichkeit, bi‐ und polycyclische Ringsysteme in einem Schritt mit hoher Stereoselektivität zu generieren. In dem hier entwickelten Brønsted‐Säure‐katalysierten Verfahren können nun erstmals ortho‐Chinonmethidimine, die über den Iminsubstituenten an ein Dienophil gebunden sind, in einer enantioselektiven ADAR mit inversem Elektronenbedarf zu komplexen Chinolizidin‐ und Oxazinochinolin‐Ringsystemen umgesetzt werden. Die Reaktionen laufen unter milden Bedingungen in sehr guten Ausbeuten und mit guten bis sehr guten Diastereo‐ und Enantioselektivitäten ab. Das Verfahren kann darüber hinaus zu einem Domino‐Prozess erweitert werden, der Substratsynthese, ortho‐Chinonmethid‐Bildung und ADAR effizient vereinigt.
A Porous Network of Bismuth Used as the Anode Material for High‐Energy‐Density Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lei Kaixiang , Wang Chenchen , Liu Luojia , Luo Yuwen , Mu Chaonan , Li Fujun , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are plagued by a lack of materials for reversible accommodation of the large‐sized K+ ion. Herein we present, the Bi anode in combination with the dimethoxyethane‐(DME) based electrolyte to deliver a remarkable capacity of ca. 400 mAh g−1 and long cycle stability with three distinct two‐phase reactions of Bi↔ KBi2↔K3Bi2↔K3Bi. These are ascribed to the gradually developed three‐dimensional (3D) porous networks of Bi, which realizes fast kinetics and tolerance of its volume change during potassiation and depotassiation. The porosity is linked to the unprecedented movement of the surface Bi atoms interacting with DME molecules, as suggested by DFT calculations. A full KIB of Bi//DME‐based electrolyte//Prussian blue of K0.72Fe[Fe(CN)6] is demonstrated to present large energy density of 108.1 Wh kg−1 with average discharge voltage of 2.8 V and capacity retention of 86.5 % after 350 cycles.
Soft Phonon Modes Leading to Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance in AgCuTe
Authors: Roychowdhury Subhajit , Jana Manoj K. , Pan Jaysree , Guin Satya N. , Sanyal Dirtha , Waghmare Umesh V. , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCrystalline solids with intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) are crucial to realizing high‐performance thermoelectric (TE) materials. Herein, we show an ultralow κL of 0.35 Wm−1 K−1 in AgCuTe, which has a remarkable TE figure‐of‐merit, zT of 1.6 at 670 K when alloyed with 10 mol % Se. First‐principles DFT calculation reveals several soft phonon modes in its room‐temperature hexagonal phase, which are also evident from low‐temperature heat‐capacity measurement. These phonon modes, dominated by Ag vibrations, soften further with temperature giving a dynamic cation disorder and driving the superionic transition. Intrinsic factors cause an ultralow κL in the room‐temperature hexagonal phase, while the dynamic disorder of Ag/Cu cations leads to reduced phonon frequencies and mean free paths in the high‐temperature rocksalt phase. Despite the cation disorder at elevated temperatures, the crystalline conduits of the rigid anion sublattice give a high power factor.
Intramolecular Aza‐Diels–Alder Reactions of ortho‐Quinone Methide Imines: Rapid, Catalytic, and Enantioselective Assembly of Benzannulated Quinolizidines
Authors: Kretzschmar Martin , Hofmann Fabian , Moock Daniel , Schneider Christoph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAza‐Diels–Alder reactions (ADARs) are powerful processes that furnish N‐heterocycles in a straightforward fashion. Intramolecular variants offer the additional possibility of generating bi‐ and polycyclic systems with high stereoselectivity. We report herein a novel Brønsted acid catalyzed process in which ortho‐quinone methide imines tethered to the dienophile via the N substituent react in an intramolecular ADAR to form complex quinolizidines and oxazinoquinolines in a one‐step process. The reactions proceed under very mild conditions, with very good yields and good to very good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the process was extended to a domino reaction that efficiently combines substrate synthesis, ortho‐quinone methide imine formation, and ADAR.
Ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent liquid–liquid microextraction using azadipyrromethene dye as complexing agent for assessment of chromium species in environmental samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Panhwar Abdul Haleem , Tuzen Mustafa , Deligonul Nihal , Kazi Tasneem Gul 
Published: February 2018

A novel type of solvent named deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been considered as a green ionic liquid analogue. A novel method was developed for enrichment and speciation of chromium ion from water and food samples based on deep eutectic solvent and ultrasonic extraction. The procedure for this method was comprised of Cr(III) complex formation with a hydrophobic complexing agent (Z)‐N‐(3,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)‐3,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐imine (azadipyrromethene dye). Metal complex was entrapped in a deep eutectic solvent as an extracting solvent. While Cr(III) recovery was quantitative, the recovery of Cr(VI) was found 5%. After reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), the method was applied for determination of total chromium(III) ion. The amount of Cr(VI) was calculated as subtracting of Cr(III) from total chromium ion. Various analytical parameters were optimized. The certified reference materials were analyzed and standard addition method also carried out to real samples to check the accuracy of the developed method. Preconcentration factor was found to be 50. The limit of detection of chromium(III) was found to be 4.3 ng l‐1. The precision of developed method as the relative standard deviation (RSD) was found as 3.5 %. The developed method was applied successfully for the speciation of chromium ions in water and food samples.
Egg Yolk as Means for Providing Essential and Beneficial Fatty Acids
Authors: Shinn Sara E. , Proctor Andrew , Baum Jamie I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe new American Dietary Guidelines now recommend optimizing the types of fat consumed instead of reducing or eliminating fat from the diet. Chicken eggs are a means to deliver essential and beneficial human dietary fatty acids (FA), and can be staple component of healthy eating behavior. Additionally, polyunsaturated fatty acids can be increased in the avian egg yolk by simply incorporating selected lipid sources into the avian diet. Poultry feed rich in omega‐3 FA (omega‐3) has allowed commercialization of enriched eggs containing up to 600 mg of omega‐3. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has also been used in the research setting to enrich eggs to provide a portion of the 3–4 g CLA day−1 needed to promote weight loss to combat obesity. However, Americans consume only 50% of the omega‐3 recommended adequate intake, and average CLA consumption is under 600 mg day−1. While a variety of foods are naturally rich in omega‐3, conventional sources of CLA are limited to bovine milk and meat, which do not provide enough CLA to produce clinical effects in a balanced diet. Since eggs and egg‐based products are common in the Western diet, eggs enriched with both omega‐3 and CLA using dietary additions to poultry feed may promote consumption of the recommended levels of these FA. This article reviews the design of poultry eggs with enhanced lipid profiles through dietary intervention, and discusses the future direction of enriched egg research.
One‐pot Annulation for Biaryl‐fused Monocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate through Aromatic B−H Bond Disconnection
Authors: Akimoto Gaku , Otsuka Mai , Miyamoto Kazunori , Muranaka Atsuya , Hashizume Daisuke , Takita Ryo , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe have developed a one‐pot annulation reaction of monocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate with cyclic diaryliodonium salts to afford biaryl‐fused derivatives. Aryl functionalities are introduced at both the 1‐carbon and unreactive ortho‐boron vertices of the “σ‐aromatic” carborane cage without the need for pre‐functionalization. DFT calculations revealed that the palladium‐catalyzed C−B bond‐formation step in this process proceeds through a concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD)‐type pathway for the B−H bond disconnection on the aromatic cage, though such bonds are generally regarded as hydridic.
Frischbetonverbundtechnologie
Authors: Freimann Thomas , Heinlein Ulli 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFrischbetonverbundsysteme (FBVS) können planmäßig als zusätzliche Abdichtung in Verbindung mit WU‐Bauwerken zum Einsatz kommen. Sie werden wasserseitig vor dem Betoneinbau verlegt und gehen einen reißfesten Verbund mit dem Beton ein. Durch den zweiteiligen Aufbau aus dehnfähiger Dichtungsschicht und Verbundschicht sollen sowohl Risse in der Betonkonstruktion überbrückt, als auch Hinterläufigkeiten zwischen der Membran und dem Bauwerk verhindert werden. Dieser Beitrag soll die Technologie und Wirkungsweise von FBV‐Systemen beleuchten und das Anwendungspotenzial diskutieren. Weiterhin werden eigene praxisnahe Untersuchungen vorgestellt und Hinweise zur Ausführung gegeben.
Enhancing the Catalytic Performance of a CYP116B Monooxygenase by Transdomain Combination Mutagenesis
Authors: Li Ren‐Jie , Xu Jian‐He , Chen Qi , Zhao Jing , Li Ai‐Tao , Yu Hui‐Lei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 monooxygenase discovered in Labrenzia aggregata (P450LaMO) is a self‐sufficient redox system with versatile oxygenation functions. However, its catalytic performance is severely hindered by a low reaction rate, poor electron coupling efficiency (CE) and fragile thermostability. Herein, a simple transdomain combination mutation strategy was proposed for engineering this multi‐domain P450 enzyme with redox partners fused to the heme domain. After focused mutagenesis on the heme domain, a triple mutant H3 (N119C/V264A/V437G) was hit, that improved the turnover frequency (TOF) and CE of P450LaMO by about 7.8‐fold and 3.0‐fold, respectively. A redox domain‐based mutant with higher cytochrome c reduction activity, MR1 (M612L/K774Y), mediated more efficient electron transfer, elevated the TOF by 4.9‐fold, and the coupling efficiency by 4.2‐fold. The beneficial effect was further enhanced by combining the mutation sites from different domains, resulting in a combinatorial mutant (N119C/V264A/V437G/M612L/N694D) with a 9.1‐fold increase in coupling efficiency, 10‐fold in TOF, as well as +3.8 °C in thermostability (T5010). Meanwhile, for series of tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives, this combinator showed higher hydroxylation activity. This work suggested that employing this combinatorial strategy targeting on both the redox and heme domains is efficient to improve holoenzyme activity, CE and stability of a CYP116B subfamily member from the low starting point.
Sodium‐Alginate‐Based Binders for Lithium‐Rich Cathode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries to Suppress Voltage and Capacity Fading
Authors: Zhang Shao‐Jian , Deng Ya‐Ping , Wu Qi‐Hui , Zhou Yao , Li Jun‐Tao , Wu Zhan‐Yu , Yin Zu‐Wei , Lu Yan‐Qiu , Shen Chong‐Heng , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA series of sodium alginate (SA)‐based binders are prepared for Li‐rich and Mn‐based oxides (LRMO) to address capacity loss and voltage fading issue. Our results demonstrate that the Ba2+ and Al3+ cations crosslinked SA binders can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance. A small voltage fading of 0.326 V and a capacity retention of 82.5 % are displayed with Ba2+‐doped SA binder; and a voltage decay of 0.208 V and a capacity retention of 99.9 % are measured on the Al3+‐doped one. FESEM and TEM observations prove that the doped SA based binders can form a coating layer on the surface of the primary particles, which functions as an effective screen to prevent the active materials from being etched by the electrolyte and hence stabilizes the layered crystal structure of the LRMO. XPS depth profiles of the cycled LRMO with SA‐based binders further confirm that the Mn element dissolution, an issue which causes severe capacity loss and irreversible structural transformation, can be effectively alleviated by Ba2+‐ and Al3+‐doped SA binders. On this basis, the usage of SA‐based binders are a promising approach to suppress the voltage and capacity fading of LRMO.
Iron‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Lator Alexis , Gaillard Sylvain , Poater Albert , Renaud Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed chemo‐ and diastereoselective reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones into the corresponding saturated ketones in mild reaction conditions is reported herein. DFT calculations and experimental work underline that transfer hydride reduction is a more facile process than hydrogenation, unveiling the fundamental role of the base.
Why prescribe exercise as therapy in type 2 diabetes? We have a pill for that!
Authors: Ried‐Larsen Mathias , MacDonald Christopher S. , Johansen Mette Y. , Hansen Katrine B. , Christensen Robin , Almdal Thomas P. , Pedersen Bente K. , Karstoft Kristian 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe majority of T2D cases are preventable through a healthy lifestyle, leaving little room for questions that lifestyle should be the first line of defence in the fight against the development of T2D. However, when it comes to the clinical care of T2D, the potential efficacy of lifestyle is much less clear‐cut, both in terms of impacting the pathological metabolic biomarkers of the disease, and long‐term complications. A healthy diet, high leisure‐time physical activity, and exercise are considered to be cornerstones albeit adjunct to drug therapy in the management of T2D. The prescription and effective implementation of structured exercise and other lifestyle interventions in the treatment of T2D have not been routinely used. In this article, we critically appraise and debate our reflections as to why exercise and physical activity may not have reached the status of a viable and effective treatment in the clinical care of T2D to the same extent as pharmaceutical drugs. We argue that the reason why exercise therapy is not utilized to a satisfactory degree is multifaceted and primarily relates to a “vicious cycle” with lack of proven efficacy on T2D complications and a lack of proven effectiveness on risk factors in the primary care of T2D. Furthermore, there is a lack of experimental research establishing the optimal dose of exercise. This precludes widespread and sustained implementation of physical activity and exercise in the clinical treatment of T2D will not succeed.
Invasive predator tips the balance of symmetrical competition between native coral‐reef fishes
Authors: Kindinger Tye L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe importance of competition and predation in structuring ecological communities is typically examined separately such that interactions between these processes are seldom understood. By causing large reductions in native prey, invasive predators may modify native species interactions. I conducted a manipulative field experiment in The Bahamas to investigate the possibility that the invasive Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans) alters competition between planktivorous fairy and blackcap basslets (Gramma loretoandGramma melacara, respectively). Competition between these coral‐reef fishes is known to have symmetrical effects on the juveniles of both species, whereby the feeding positions under reef ledges and growth rates of these individuals are hindered. Following baseline censuses of local populations of competing basslets, I simultaneously manipulated the abundance of lionfish on entire reefs, and the abundance of basslets in local populations under isolated ledges within each reef, resulting in three treatments: unmanipulated control populations of both basslets, reduced abundance of fairy basslet, and reduced abundance of blackcap basslet. For eight weeks, I measured the change in biomass and feeding position of 2–5 cm size classes of each basslet species and calculated the growth rates of ~2 cm individuals using a standard mark‐and‐recapture method. Experimental populations were filmed at dusk using automated video cameras to quantify the behavior of lionfish overlapping with basslets. Video playback revealed lionfish hunted across all ledge positions, regardless of which basslet species were present, yet lionfish differentially reduced the biomass of only juvenile (2 cm) fairy basslet. Predation reduced the effects of interspecific competition on juvenile blackcap basslet as evidenced by corresponding shifts in feeding position toward coveted front edges of ledges and increases in growth rates that were comparable to the response of these fish in populations where competition was experimentally reduced. Thus, an invasive marine predator altered the outcome of interspecific competition via differential predation, which tipped the balance of competition between native prey species from symmetrical to asymmetrical effects on juveniles. This study reveals a newly demonstrated context in which predation can indirectly facilitate prey, further broadening our understanding of the interactive effects of predation and competition in the context of invasive species.
Elaboration of Table Olives: Assessment of New Olive Genotypes
Authors: Rallo Pilar , Morales‐Sillero Ana , Brenes Manuel , del Rocio Jiménez María , Sánchez Antonio H. , Suarez Maria Paz , Casanova Laura , Romero Concepción 
Published: February 2018

Thirty‐three new genotypes coming from a table olive cross‐breeding program are evaluated to assess their adaptability to standard processes, namely Spanish‐style and black ripe olives. Different physical and chemical parameters are evaluated in fresh fruits, processed olives, and brines. Most of these traits exhibit large variability among all genotypes and within each cross. Seven new genotypes, 05–138, 05–166, 05–217, 05–322, 05–499, 04–1390, and 04–1396, are selected based on fruit weight, pulp‐to‐pit ratio, olive oil content, and bruising parameters. In particular, two genotypes (04–1355 and 05–271) did not develop fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. Some genotypes had firmness problems in the final product, especially the 02–1000, and in both elaboration processes this cultivar was excessively soft. Other genotypes developed an unacceptable color when they were processed as Spanish‐style olives. Nevertheless, all new genotypes could be elaborated as both Spanish‐style and black ripe olives by adapting specific criteria in the processes for each genotype. Correlations between traits measured in fresh fruit and those measured in processed olives are explored.Practical Applications: Currently, the consumption of table olives is increasing and the table olive industry has a greater problem with the raw material that reaches its cooperatives. The relevance of this work is that almost all genotypes tested have produced a final product of high quality. In addition, they have agronomic advantages over traditional cultivars. It opens up the possibility to employ theses new cultivars to obtain table olives, both Spanish‐style and black ripe olives, with less post‐harvest, and processing problems.New olive genotypes are processed as both Spanish‐style and black ripe olives. An edible final product is obtained.
The increase in medial prefrontal glutamate/glutamine concentration during memory encoding is associated with better memory performance and stronger functional connectivity in the human medial prefrontal–thalamus–hippocampus network
Authors: Thielen Jan‐Willem , Hong Donghyun , Rohani Rankouhi Seyedmorteza , Wiltfang Jens , Fernández Guillén , Norris David G. , Tendolkar Indira 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe classical model of the declarative memory system describes the hippocampus and its interactions with representational brain areas in posterior neocortex as being essential for the formation of long‐term episodic memories. However, new evidence suggests an extension of this classical model by assigning the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) a specific, yet not fully defined role in episodic memory. In this study, we utilized 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis to lend further support for the idea of a mnemonic role of the mPFC in humans. By using MRS, we measured mPFC γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate/glutamine (GLx) concentrations before and after volunteers memorized face–name association. We demonstrate that mPFC GLx but not GABA levels increased during the memory task, which appeared to be related to memory performance. Regarding functional connectivity, we used the subsequent memory paradigm and found that the GLx increase was associated with stronger mPFC connectivity to thalamus and hippocampus for associations subsequently recognized with high confidence as opposed to subsequently recognized with low confidence/forgotten. Taken together, we provide new evidence for an mPFC involvement in episodic memory by showing a memory‐related increase in mPFC excitatory neurotransmitter levels that was associated with better memory and stronger memory‐related functional connectivity in a medial prefrontal–thalamus–hippocampus network.