bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface processes influence oxidant availability and chemoautotrophic hydrogen metabolism in Yellowstone hot springs
Authors: Lindsay Melody R. , Amenabar Maximiliano J. , Fecteau Kristopher M. , Debes Randal V. , Fernandes Martins Maria C. , Fristad Kirsten E. , Xu Huifang , Hoehler Tori M. , Shock Everett L. , Boyd Eric S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe geochemistry of hot springs and the availability of oxidants capable of supporting microbial metabolisms are influenced by subsurface processes including the separation of hydrothermal fluids into vapor and liquid phases. Here, we characterized the influence of geochemical variation and oxidant availability on the abundance, composition, and activity of hydrogen (H2)‐dependent chemoautotrophs along the outflow channels of two‐paired hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. The hydrothermal fluid at Roadside East (RSE; 82.4°C, pH 3.0) is acidic due to vapor‐phase input while the fluid at Roadside West (RSW; 68.1°C, pH 7.0) is circumneutral due to liquid‐phase input. Most chemotrophic communities exhibited net rates of H2 oxidation, consistent with H2 support of primary productivity, with one chemotrophic community exhibiting a net rate of H2 production. Abundant H2‐oxidizing chemoautotrophs were supported by reduction in oxygen, elemental sulfur, sulfate, and nitrate in RSW and oxygen and ferric iron in RSE; O2 utilizing hydrogenotrophs increased in abundance down both outflow channels. Sequencing of 16S rRNA transcripts or genes from native sediments and dilution series incubations, respectively, suggests that members of the archaeal orders Sulfolobales, Desulfurococcales, and Thermoproteales are likely responsible for H2 oxidation in RSE, whereas members of the bacterial order Thermoflexales and the archaeal order Thermoproteales are likely responsible for H2 oxidation in RSW. These observations suggest that subsurface processes strongly influence spring chemistry and oxidant availability, which in turn select for unique assemblages of H2 oxidizing microorganisms. Therefore, these data point to the role of oxidant availability in shaping the ecology and evolution of hydrogenotrophic organisms.
Biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate flow and biodentine
Authors: Mondelli J. A. S. , Hoshino R. A. , Weckwerth P. H. , Cerri P. S. , Leonardo R. T. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J. M. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. , da Silva G. F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of powder‐to‐gel ratio (0.19 g powder to 50 μL of gel, thick MTA Flow, and 0.06 g powder to 50 μL of gel, fluid MTA Flow) on biocompatibility of MTA Flow (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA, lot: 2015122901) and compare it with Biodentine (Septodont Inc., Saint‐Maur‐des‐Fossés, France, lot: B18542A).MethodologyThe materials were manipulated and inserted into polyethylene tubes for implantation in twenty rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the specimens were removed and embedded in paraffin. Haematoxylin and eosin sections were used to count the number of inflammatory cells (IC) and fibroblasts mm−2 (Fb). In the Masson's trichrome‐stained sections, the fibrous capsule thickness was measured; picrosirius red‐stained sections were used for birefringent collagen quantification. The data were submitted to two‐way ANOVA and Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsA significantly lower number of IC and consequently higher number of Fb were observed in the capsules adjacent to thick MTA Flow at all periods, in comparison with other materials (P ≤ 0.05). At 60 days, the quantity of birefringent collagen was significantly greater in the tissue in contact with thick MTA Flow, when compared with fluid MTA Flow and Biodentine.ConclusionsAlthough thick MTA Flow induced a less intense inflammatory response, all evaluated materials are biocompatible because they allowed regression of this process after 60 days.
Fabric impregnated with TiO2 gel with self‐cleaning property
Authors: Peter Anca , Mihaly‐Cozmuta Anca , Nicula Camelia , Mihaly‐Cozmuta Leonard , Vulpoi Adriana , Baia Lucian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCotton fabric decorated with TiO2 synthesized by sol‐gel approach was investigated as a self‐cleaning material depending on the TiO2 loading (1.5 wt% in the case of single layered fabric and 3 wt% in the case of double layered). The materials were investigated by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and photoactivity. The self‐cleaning property was established by determining the amount of the coated dust, the elemental composition, the carbon content, the opacity, and the water contact angle. The self‐cleaning property of the impregnated fabric was accentuated by TiO2 loading. The dust deposited on the single layer fabric stored inside was 3.8 wt% lower than on the nonimpregnated fabric and that deposited on double layer fabric, respectively, was reduced by 9.1 wt%. The decrease in the deposited dust was more accentuated for the samples stored outside (4.2 wt% for the single layer fabric and 16 wt% for the double layer fabric, as compared with the nonimpregnated textile).
Morphology, growth rate, and thickness of the nail plate during the pregnancy
Authors: Altan Ferhatoğlu Zeynep , Göktay Fatih , Yaşar Şirin , Aytekin Sema 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPregnancy causes some physiological skin changes, such as hyperpigmentation and striae gravidarum. Thickening of scalp hair and a prolonged anagen phase are also known to occur during pregnancy. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted on the effect of pregnancy on the nails. We aimed to investigate the effect of pregnancy on the morphology of the nail plate, specifically its growth rate and thickness. Pregnant women and a control group consisting of healthy female volunteers were included in the study. The distance from the apical point of the lunula to the midpoint of the free edge of the nail plate of the the thumb was measured with digital calipers. The measurement was repeated during the control visits and recorded in millimeters per day. The thickness of the nail plate of the thumb was measured at the midpoint of the free edge of the nail plate. A dermatological examination of the fingernails was performed for both groups. A survey was also conducted to identify any changes that occurred in the nails during pregnancy. The mean growth rate of the nail plate in pregnant women was 0.1 ± 0.05 mm/day, and in the control group it was 0.09 ± 0.05 mm/day. There was no statistically significant difference between the pregnant and control groups regarding the growth rate of the nail plate (P = 0.438). The mean thickness of the nail plate in pregnant women was 0.87 ± 0.19 mm, and in the control group it was 0.75 ± 0.17 mm. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to nail plate thickness (P < 0.001). A dermatological examination of the fingernails in the two groups did not reveal any statistically significant differences with respect to the nail findings. We determined in our study that pregnancy did not affect the growth rate and the morphology of the nails but increased the thickness of the nail plates.
The effect of acid‐deamidated wheat gluten on the sensory profile and consumer acceptance of ice cream
Authors: He Wenmeng , Gasmalla Mohammed Abdalbasit A. , Yang Ruijin , Zhao Wei 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of wheat gluten (WG) modified by acetic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid on sensory profile and consumer acceptance of ice cream was examined. A sensory profile of ice cream including six flavours and six textures descriptors was developed by quantitative descriptive analysis. Principal component analysis and confidence ellipse analysis results indicated that ice cream C2 (substitution of 20% of skim milk powder with citric acid‐deamidated WG) was the most similar to ice cream control (Ctrl) (without acid‐deamidated WG). Multiple factor analysis proved that physical viscosity and overrun properties were key factors affected the sensory texture properties of ice cream samples. External preference mapping indicated that consumer acceptance of Ctrl and C2 was the highest, and the inducing factors were ‘sweetness’, ‘dairy flavour’, ‘fat feel’, ‘meltdown’ and ‘density’ attributes. The C2 ice cream was suggested as a prototype for further development of ice cream with citric acid‐deamidated WG.
Evaluating the analytical performance of four new coagulation assays for the measurement of fibrinogen, D‐dimer and thrombin time
Authors: Kitchen Steve , Geisen Ulrich , Kappelmayer Janos , Quehenberger Peter , Lowe Anna , Jones Robert , Miles Gabrielle , Boehm Jana G. , Rozsnyai Gergely 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionNew laboratory methods to measure haemostatic function require careful assessment before routine use. We evaluated the analytical performance of four new coagulation assays for the measurement of fibrinogen by Clauss assay, prothrombin time‐derived fibrinogen, thrombin time and D‐dimer levels.MethodsThe four assays were evaluated on the cobas t 711 and cobas t 511 analysers at four centres in Europe. Analytical performance and method comparisons with other commercially available assays were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (EP09‐A3, EP05‐A3) using residual anonymized human sodium citrate (3.2% [0.109M]) plasma samples. Lot‐to‐lot variability and the equivalency of each assay on the cobas t 711 and cobas t 511 analysers were also assessed.ResultsOverall, coefficients of variance were ≤4.1% and ≤8.6% for within‐run precision and total reproducibility, respectively. Method comparison experiments showed good or acceptable agreement for each assay compared with their respective comparator method, and equivalency was demonstrated for the two cobas t platforms (Pearson's correlation coefficient ≥0.991). A high level of consistency was observed between lots for all four assays (Pearson's correlation coefficient ≥0.994).ConclusionThis multicentre study demonstrates excellent analytical performance for four new coagulation assays on the cobas t 711 and cobas t 511 analysers.
Mitigating heat and chilling stress by adjusting the sowing date of maize in the North China Plain
Authors: Tian Beijing , Zhu Jincheng , Nie Yanshun , Xu Cailong , Meng Qingfeng , Wang Pu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe North China Plain (NCP) is one of the major areas of cereal production, and in recent years its maize (Zea mays L.) production has been influenced by both heat and chilling stresses. Adjusting the sowing date is an effective measure for mitigating these stresses. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We performed a 5‐year field experiment to determine how the sowing date mitigated heat and chilling stresses at Wuqiao Experimental Station in the NCP with three treatments: early sowing (ES), middle sowing (MS), and late sowing (LS). In all 5 years, higher grain yields were observed in the MS (averaged 11.7 Mg/ha) and LS (averaged 11.4Mg/ha) treatments compared with the ES (averaged 10.9Mg/ha) treatment. The lower yield in ES treatment mainly resulted from high temperature 5 days pre‐silking and 5 days post‐silking (>31.8°C). In 2015 and 2016, the lower grain yield in LS (11.4Mg/ha in 2015 and 11.2Mg/ha in 2016) treatment compared with MS (12.1Mg/ha in 2015 and 11.9Mg/ha in 2016) was mainly because the minimum temperature was <13.0°C 5 days before maturity or <13.6°C 10 days before maturity. Long‐term weather data further verified middle sowing would be appropriate in a changing climate. Therefore, we can conclude that sowing date manipulation constitutes a useful method for mitigating heat and chilling stresses for maize production.
Reducing gender identity bias through imagined intergroup contact
Authors: Moss‐Racusin Corinne A. , Rabasco Helena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTransgender individuals face high levels of stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, and violence. However, there is a paucity of research (particularly experimental work) investigating the magnitude of gender identity bias (GIB) targeting transgender individuals, as well as interventions designed to ameliorate it. To address this gap, we conducted experimental investigations of reactions to identical, highly qualified men or women job applicants described as either transgender or cisgender (Experiments 1a, 1b), and tested the efficacy of an imagined intergroup contact (IIC) intervention (relative to a control condition) in ameliorating GIB against transgender women (Experiment 2). As expected, all applicants were perceived as equally highly competent, adding to the literature suggesting that clearly demonstrating excellent qualifications can prevent biased judgments of candidate competence. However, revealing GIB, transgender men and women were rated as less likeable and hirable than the identical cisgender applicants, despite the fact that they were viewed as equally competent (Experiments 1a, 1b). Providing additional evidence of GIB, in the absence of IIC, participants rated a transgender female applicant as less likeable and hirable than the identical cisgender applicant, and also reported less self‐other overlap and perspective taking for the transgender applicant (Experiment 2). However, these target gender identity differences were reduced (for likeability) or fully eliminated (for the remaining outcomes) in the IIC condition. Put another way, while reactions to the cisgender applicant were unaffected by intervention condition, IIC elevated perceptions of the transgender applicant, suggesting that it may function as an effective GIB intervention.
Field comparison of oviposition substrates used in ovitraps for Aedes aegypti surveillance in Salta, Argentina
Authors: Chanampa Mariana , Gil José F. , Aparicio Juan P. , Castillo Paola , Mangudo Carolina , Copa Griselda N. , Gleiser Raquel M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a mosquito broadly found in tropical and temperate areas of the world. It is the main vector of dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever (urban cycle), among other viruses. Aedes aegypti immatures develop in water holding containers, and frequently use artificial containers in urban settings as larval habitat. Ovitraps are artificial oviposition sites, a tool developed for mosquito population surveillance and to assess effectiveness of control measures. The preference for different oviposition substrate materials was assessed in the field, in two localities of Salta province, northern Argentina, where dengue outbreaks are frequent. The proportion of positive traps did not differ between oviposition substrates. However, higher numbers of eggs were laid in cotton fabric and velour paper, which were better than wooden paddle and blotting paper if the aim was to maximize the numbers of eggs collected. The results also evidenced that substrate preference for oviposition did not differ between geographic regions.
The Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis learns to avoid an odorant associated with a toxin in food
Authors: Liu Jia‐li , Chen Hui‐ling , Yu Jin‐xin , Zeng Xin‐nian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo adapt to the environment, it is important for insects to learn and evaluate food quality to avoid toxins in food. Currently, attractants are widely used for pest control, as they are environmentally friendly pesticides. Learning to associate an attractive odor with a toxin in food may influence insect behaviour in response to the attractant, thus affecting its application. In this study, we found that Bactrocera dorsalis, a serious pest of fruits and vegetables, can learn to associate a male lure compound, methyl eugenol (ME), with a sucrose solution contaminated with N,N‐diethyl‐3‐methyl benzoyl amide (DEET), a common insect repellent and decrease its proboscis extension response (PER) elicited by ME. Learning with DEET depends on its concentration, and flies exhibited significant aversive memory formation when high concentrations were used. Aversive‐DEET memory formed with 0.6% DEET persisted for at least 24 hr. We also found that aversive memory formed during training could be transferred to a behavioural response in an operant context.
Floral resources to enhance the potential of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani for biological control of the aphid Myzus persicae
Authors: Jado Rana Hasan , Araj Salah‐Eddin , Abu‐Irmaileh Barakat , Shields Morgan W. , Wratten Steve D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlowering plants have been widely used to enhance biological control. However, this approach has been limited to some extent by the lack of suitable flowering plant species of wide applicability, particularly for global pests. A key example is the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (GPA). It is commonly attacked by the polyphagous koinobiont aphidiidae, Aphidius colemani, which is also of global occurrence. Here, eight flowering plants were evaluated for the potential enhancement of GPA biological control using A. colemani under laboratory conditions. These included buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), alyssum (Lobularia maritima), white rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare), thyme (Origanum marjorana) and pepper mint (Mentha piperita). The effects of access to these flowers on the longevity (days), potential fecundity (number of dissected eggs) and parasitism rate for A. colemani compared with the control treatment (water) were studied. Longevity of A. colemani which had access to buckwheat was 4–5 times longer than the control and 2–3 times longer than it was in the other plant treatments; the latter did not differ significantly between each other. Potential fecundity of A. colemani was the highest when it had been provided with buckwheat flowers. Exposing A. colemani to flowering plants for longer time intervals (12 hr and 24 hr) increased the number of eggs produced compared with 6 hr. The number of parasitized aphids/female A. colemani with buckwheat flowers was the highest of all treatments; it ranged from 14 in the control to 219 with buckwheat. Further studies should be carried out under field conditions to determine the effect of a range of flowering plants on A. colemani. For example, although buckwheat was highly effective, in many climates it may be a useful component in mixtures comprising other, more robust species.
The role of neurotensin in vulnerability for self‐injurious behaviour: studies in a rodent model
Authors: Muehlmann A. M. , Wolfman S. L. , Devine D. P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐injurious behaviour is a debilitating characteristic that is commonly expressed in people with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but the neurobiological basis of this maladaptive behaviour is not understood. Abnormal dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated, especially in relation to basal ganglia and mesocorticolimbic circuits. As neurotensin is an important modulator of dopamine and glutamate in these circuits, we investigated its potential role in vulnerability for self‐injury, using the pemoline model in rats.MethodsMale Long‐Evans rats were injected once daily with the psychostimulant pemoline or peanut oil vehicle on each of five consecutive days. Self‐injury was quantified by measuring the area of injuries for each rat on each day of the experiment. Each brain was harvested on the sixth day, and the striatum and ventral tegmentum were dissected. Neurotensin‐like immunoreactivity was quantified by radioimmunoassay from the dissected brain regions of some of the rats. Membrane and intracellular neurotensin receptor NTS1 were assayed from the striata of the remaining pemoline‐treated or vehicle‐treated rats by Western blot. In an additional experiment, male Long‐Evans rats were treated with daily injections of vehicle or pemoline, and the NTS1 neurotensin receptor agonist PD149163 or the NTS1 receptor antagonist SR48692 (or respective vehicle solutions) was co‐administered twice daily throughout the pemoline treatment regimen. The areas of injured tissue were measured, and the duration of self‐injurious oral contact was quantified by video‐recorded time samples throughout each day.ResultsStriatal neurotensin immunoreactivity was found to be significantly higher in pemoline‐treated than in vehicle‐treated rats. Moreover, both membrane‐bound and intracellular levels of NTS1 receptor were significantly higher in the striata of pemoline‐treated rats than in the striata of the vehicle‐treated controls. When the NTS1 receptor agonist PD149163 was co‐administered during the pemoline treatment regimen, it prolonged the daily durations of self‐injurious oral contact and increased the severity of the injuries in the self‐injurious rats. Conversely, co‐administration of the NTS1 receptor antagonist SR48692 diminished the daily durations of self‐injurious oral contact and decreased the severity of the injuries.ConclusionsThe elevation of striatal neurotensin immunoreactivity during pemoline treatment, coupled with the effects of the NTS1 agonist and antagonist, suggests that neurotensin transmission in the striatum may be an important modulator of self‐injurious behaviour in the pemoline model. Overall, the convergence of the behavioural and biochemical findings suggests that neurotensin signalling could be an important target for pharmacotherapeutic interventions for self‐injurious behaviour.
Anatomy of the forelimb musculature and ligaments ofPsittacus erithacus(Aves: Psittaciformes)
Authors: Razmadze Daria , Panyutina Aleksandra A. , Zelenkov Nikita V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParrots (order Psittaciformes) are a rather homogeneous group of birds that can be easily distinguished by the notably modified morphology of the skull and hindlimb. Detailed description of the forelimb morphology in these birds has never been provided, though parrots are often used as model objects in flight studies. Parrots are also considered the closest living relatives of the perching birds (Passeriformes), and thus knowledge of the wing morphology in Psittaciformes is important for understanding the evolution of the locomotor apparatus on the way to the most speciose group of birds. Here we provide a comprehensive illustrated description of the wing morphology (musculature and ligaments) of the African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) and compare it with several closely related taxa of the high clade Eufalconimorphae and more distantly related outgroups (based on personal dissections and literature data). We note a general similarity of the wing musculature betweenP. erithacusand Falconidae. A number of features common with the outgroup Columbidae supports a generally plesiomorphic structure of the forelimb in parrots as compared with the Passeriformes. Nevertheless, the wing of the Psittaciformes displays a series of structural (likely autapomorphic) modifications, which can be explained in terms of adaptations for flight with vertical body. An analysis of the anatomical data for parrots (ratio of wing elevators and highly unusual development of the M. supracoracoideus), which is based on the current experiment‐based knowledge of the flapping flight in birds, allows us to hypothesize that parrots are able to produce useful aerodynamic force during the upstroke, which is also known for pigeons and hummingbirds. This supposed ability of vertical flight and the zygodactyl foot together link the origin of parrots with the dense (likely tropical) forests.