bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La carte et la fable
Authors: Luis Raphaël 
Published: June 2018

La reconnaissance internationale de la littérature latino-américaine au xxe siècle a souvent été interprétée par la critique comme le résultat de l’influence du modernisme, notamment du fait de la lecture, par les auteurs latino-américains, de James Joyce et de William Faulkner. Certains auteurs du continent, pourtant, suivent des stratégies différentes : Jorge Luis Borges, Adolfo Bioy Casares et Julio Cortázar utilisent les fondements de la littérature de genre (fantastique, policier, horreur, roman d’aventure) pour opérer une reconfiguration des équilibres entre le champ littéraire et les injonctions politiques, nationales et culturelles. Dans cette optique, le travail de Robert Louis Stevenson sur les publics populaires et le croisement des genres peut être vu comme une référence idéale, du fait de sa complexité et de son souci constant d’expérimentation. Cette étude a donc pour objectif de proposer une comparaison de ces stratégies, en utilisant les outils conceptuels et théoriques de la littérature mondiale. Stevenson, de cette manière, pourra apparaître comme un modèle herméneutique pour penser et résoudre certains dilemmes géographiques et littéraires.
Pneumomediastinum after transbronchial cryobiopsy
Authors: Barisione Emanuela , Bianchi Rita , Fiocca Roberto , Salio Mario 
Published: June 2018

Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of air or gas within the mediastinum and it rarely complicates bronchoscopy. We report, to our best knowledge, the first case of pneumomediastinum following a transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBLC). TBLC is considered a safe procedure as compared with both transbronchial biopsy and surgical lung biopsy. Systematic reviews, metanalysis and a Pubmed research, revealed that in literature no pneumomediastinum has been mentioned after TBLC. We report this case for to make it known to interventional pulmonologists the possibility that a pneumomediastinum can follow a TBLC. In our case the spontaneous resolution in few days did notÂ require any intervention.
The effect of 19-gauge endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsies on characterisation of malignant and benign disease. The Bristol experience
Authors: Jones Rachel C. , Bhatt Nidhi , Medford Andrew R.L. 
Published: June 2018

EBUS-TBNA is a recent mediastinal staging and diagnostic technique. We have previously reported superior characterisation with 21G biopsies over 22G biopsies for benign and malignant mediastinal nodes. A new 19G needle now exists but there are limited studies. We hypothesised 19G biopsies would improve both benign and malignant characterisation due to larger samples. We retrospectively analysed sequential patients referred for EBUS-TBNA with unexplained mediastinal adenopathy performed with 19G, 21G and 22G needles respectively (100 patients each). Contingency table analysis was performed. Â There were no complications. Sensitivity for malignancy was highest in the 19G group (95.7% versus 94.7% and 87.5%, respectively). The 19G group had higher mean lymph node size (19.4mm versus 18.6mm and 13.5mm, respectively), the highest proportion of lymphoma (9% versus 5% and 0%, respectively), the lowest proportion of NSCLC-NOS (2% versus 12% and 5%, respectively), the highest proportion of subcharacterised benign disease (89.6% versus 69.8% and 37.9%, respectively). This large single centre retrospective UK study suggests the 19G needle appears safe with the suggestion of better sensitivity for malignancy subcharacterisation of benign disease but this requires further study in adequately powered comparative controlled studies with univariate and multivariate analysis.
Pervasive skills development for aspirant chartered accountants: Academic versus training programmes
Authors: Keevy Monique , Mare Denise J. 
Published: June 2018

Changes in the business environment have challenged both the technical and pervasive competencies of aspirant professional accountants (or chartered accountants [CAs]). Accounting bodies have responded to this need by adopting competency-based qualification models. Likewise, in 2008, the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants developed a Competency Framework where aspirant CAs are now assessed on both technical and pervasive skills en route to qualifying as CAs, the latter being the focus of this article. The article aims to ascertain the views of aspirant CAs on the effectiveness of academic and training programmes en route to qualifying as a CA. It also seeks additional vehicles to improve the delivery of pervasive skills during qualification. This research uses empirical data in the form of a questionnaire with both open and closed response options. The study reveals that both programmes are critical to the success of qualifying as a CA, but further emphasis is required in developing pervasive skills for both programmes. The findings also demonstrate the importance of using methods such as cases, mentorship programmes and internship programmes in equipping candidates with pervasive skills. The use of separate modules to develop pervasive skills during both programmes was also strongly supported by the majority of aspirant CAs.
Electrochemistry of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds
Authors: Francke Robert , Broese Timo , Roesel Arend F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCompared to conventional methods for the preparation of hypervalent iodine compounds, electrosynthesis represents an interesting alternative. The facts that toxic and dangerous oxidants are replaced by electric current and that unstable or hazardous hypervalent iodine reagents can be generatedin siturender this method attractive from the economic and ecologic point of view. Furthermore, the electrochemical approach provides access to a number of iodine(III) species that are not or only difficult to prepare by conventional means. The electrochemical procedures developed thus far provide access to diaryliodonium compounds, (difluoroiodo)arenes, and (dialkoxyiodo)arenes. The latter two species have also been intensively studied with respect to their reactivity toward various organic compounds and were found to be potent electrochemical mediators. In this chapter, the abovementioned classes of iodine(III) compounds will be individually discussed according to their electrochemical preparation, followed by a treatment of their (electro)synthetic applications. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the developments since the first reports on this topic in the 1960s.
Orienting Active Crystal Planes of New Class Lacunaris Fe2PO5 Polyhedrons for Robust Water Oxidation in Alkaline and Neutral Media
Authors: Wu Yunzhen , Meng Yanan , Hou Jungang , Cao Shuyan , Gao Zhanming , Wu Zhijian , Sun Licheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeveloping efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is essential for realizing sustainable energy conversion, such as solar fuels. Although modulating active sites and electron transfer is of great significance to boost electrocatalysis activity, it still remains a big challenge to desirably actualize this goal. Herein, engineering of active sites and electronic framework is implemented via oriented modulation of crystal planes and construction of lacunaris architecture supported by ammonification‐elicited simultaneous incorporation of nitrogen and oxygen‐defect strategy. The new class porous nitrogen‐incorporated Fe2PO5 with oxygen‐defect (N‐Fe2PO5–x) polyhedron with dominantly exposed {110} reactive facets exhibits superior performance toward water oxidation, achieving current densities of 10 mA cm−2 at quite low overpotentials of 235 and 315 mV in alkaline and neutral media, respectively. Furthermore, density functional theoretical calculations reveal the energetically favorable {110} planes of lower absorption energy of intermediates and remolding of electronic density framework arising from the ammoniated elicitation process, contributing to excellent OER performance of lacunaris N‐Fe2PO5–x polyhedrons. This work may offer a feasible guideline for regulating active sites and electron transfer to develop low‐cost and highly efficient OER electrocatalysts in energy conversion systems.
Interfacial Charge Behavior Modulation in Perovskite Quantum Dot‐Monolayer MoS2 0D‐2D Mixed‐Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Wu Hualin , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Zihan , Zhang Zheng , Si Haonan , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Suicai , Wu Jing , Zhang Xiankun , Zhang Yue 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFundamental understanding of charge behavior inside heterostructures is of vital importance for advancing high‐performance optoelectronic applications. However, the charge behavior of 0D‐2D mixed‐dimensional van der Waals heterostructures (MvdWHs) in the photoexcited state remains elusive. In this work, an energy band alignment protocol is adopted to realize effective energy band structure engineering inside 0D‐2D MvdWHs of perovskite quantum dots and MoS2 monolayer with precisely designed typical type I and type II heterostructures, respectively. A profile and in‐depth understanding of interfacial photoinduced charge behavior is determined from two opposite perspectives based on MvdWHs. Sufficient comparison of a series of optical characterization results, including Raman shift, quenched photoluminescence, visualized suppressed fluorescence intensity, and shortened fluorescence lifetime imaging, clearly verifies that interfacial charge behavior can be tailored by varying the band alignment in 0D‐2D MvdWHs. Furthermore, the photoresponse performance and the relatively stronger and weaker photogating effects of such MvdWH‐based phototransistors also demonstrate modulation of interfacial charge behavior in 0D‐2D MvdWHs via energy band structure engineering, which is still feasible for optoelectronic performance optimization. These results are expected to shed light on designing novel functional devices and advancing the development process of 0D‐2D MvdWHs in the foreseeable future.
CoFe2O4 Nanocrystals Mediated Crystallization Strategy for Magnetic Functioned ZSM‐5 Catalysts
Authors: Li Bin , Yildirim Erol , Li Wei , Qi Dianpeng , Yu Jiancan , Wei Jiaqi , Liu Zhiyuan , Sun Zhenkun , Liu Yong , Kong Biao , Xue Zhaoteng , Liu Zhuangjian , Yang Shuo‐Wang , Chen Xiaodong , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractZeolites have many applications in the petrochemical and fine chemical industry and their functionalization does expand the spectrum of potentials. However, the integration of functional nanocrystals into zeolite frameworks with controlled size, dispersion, and crystallization behavior still remains a significant challenge. Here, a new synthesis of magnetic functioned ZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts via a CoFe2O4 nanocrystal mediated crystallization strategy is reported. It is found that high crystallinity of CoFe2O4 nanocrystals results in a well‐dispersed encapsulation of them into a single‐crystal of ZSM‐5 due to non‐further‐grown nanocrystals during the fast ZSM‐5 growth. On the contrary, low crystallinity of CoFe2O4 nanocrystals leads to the polycrystalline zeolite growth due to the secondary growth of nanocrystals accompanied by the zeolite crystallization and large lattice mismatch between them. The successful encapsulation of small CoFe2O4 nanocrystals (≈4 nm) into single crystals lies on the preattachment of them into solid silica gel. During the growth of ZSM‐5 crystals, no secondary growth of nanocrystals happens and its motion is restricted. The encapsulation of magnetic CoFe2O4 nanocrystals not only endows magnetic function into zeolites for the first time, but also does not impact catalytic performance of ZSM‐5 in acetalization of cyclohexanone with methanol, which is highly promising in catalytic industries.
Novel Redox‐Responsive Polymeric Magnetosomes with Tunable Magnetic Resonance Property for In Vivo Drug Release Visualization and Dual‐Modal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Zhongling , Xue Xiangdong , He Yixuan , Lu Ziwei , Jia Bei , Wu Hao , Yuan Ye , Huang Yee , Wang Han , Lu Hongwei , Lam Kit S. , Lin Tzu‐Yin , Li Yuanpei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMonitoring of in vivo drug release from nanotheranostics by noninvasive approaches remains very challenging. Herein, novel redox‐responsive polymeric magnetosomes (PolyMags) with tunable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties are reported for in vivo drug release monitoring and effective dual‐modal cancer therapy. The encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX) significantly decreases PolyMags' T2‐contrast enhancement and transverse relaxation rate R2, depending on the drug loading level. The T2 enhancement and R2 can be recovered once the drug is released upon PolyMags' disassembly. T2‐ and T2*‐MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) are utilized to quantitatively study the correlation between MRI signal changes and drug release, and discover the MR tuning mechanisms. The in vivo drug release pattern is visualized based on such tunable MRI capability via monitoring the changes in T2‐weighted images, T2 and T2* maps, and R2 and R2* values. Interestingly, the PolyMags possess excellent photothermal effect, which can be further enhanced upon DOX loading. The PolyMags are highly efficacious to treat breast tumors on xenograft model with tumor‐targeted photothermal‐ and chemotherapy, achieving a complete cure rate of 66.7%. The concept reported here is generally applicable to other micellar and liposomal systems for image‐guided drug delivery and release applications toward precision cancer therapy.
Time‐Dependent T1–T2 Switchable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Realized by c(RGDyK) Modified Ultrasmall Fe3O4 Nanoprobes
Authors: Bai Chen , Jia Zhengyang , Song Lina , Zhang Wei , Chen Yi , Zang Fengchao , Ma Ming , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo achieve the accurate diagnosis of tumor with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nanomaterials‐based contrast agents are developed rapidly. Here, a tumor targeting nanoprobe of c(RGDyK) modified ultrasmall sized iron oxide is reported with high saturation magnetization and high T1‐weighted imaging capability, attributed to a large number of paramagnetic centers on the surface of nanoprobes and rapid water proton exchange rate (inner sphere model), as well as strong superparamagnetism (outer sphere model). These nanoprobes could actively target and gradually accumulate at the tumor site with a time‐dependent T1–T2 contrast enhancement imaging effect. In in vivo MRI experiments, the nanoprobes exhibit the best T1 contrast enhancement at 30 min after intravenous administration, followed by gradually vanishing and generating T2 contrast enhancement with increasing time at tumor site. This is likely due to time‐dependent nanoprobes aggregation in tumor, in good agreement with in vitro experiment where aggregated nanoprobes display larger r2/r1 value (19.1) than that of the dispersed nanoprobes (2.8). This dynamic property is completely different from other T1‐T2 dual‐modal nanoprobes which commonly exhibit the T1‐ and T2‐weighted enhancement effect at the same time. To sum up, these c(RGDyK) modified ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoprobes have significant potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity in MRI.
Ultrabright Fluorescent and Lasing Microspheres from a Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Gardner Kirsty , Aghajamali Maryam , Vagin Sergey , Pille Jennifer , Morrish William , Veinot Jonathan G. C. , Rieger Bernhard , Meldrum Alkiviathes 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFluorescent microspheres are used for biomarkers, assay substrates, chemical diagnostics, flow cytometry, and biological imaging. These applications demand the highest fluorescence intensity achievable; however, concentration quenching limits the amount of dye that can be practically incorporated in conventional fluorescent microspheres. Conjugated polymers (CPs) can be less susceptible to concentration quenching, suggesting that they can be excellent candidates for a new class of light‐emitting microspheres. Due to their long‐chain‐conjugated backbone, however, CPs can be resistant to forming smoothly curved or spherical structures. Here, strongly fluorescent CP microspheres as large as 100 µm in diameter are synthesized. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) appear in the fluorescence spectra, and the microspheres show clear evidence of lasing above a threshold pump intensity. These conjugated polymer beads are up to 50 times larger than CP microspheres obtained by other methods, and they exceed the emission intensity of conventional fluorescent microspheres by more than an order of magnitude.
Field‐Free Programmable Spin Logics via Chirality‐Reversible Spin–Orbit Torque Switching
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wan Caihua , Kong Wenjie , Zhang Xuan , Xing Yaowen , Fang Chi , Tao Bingshan , Yang Wenlong , Huang Li , Wu Hao , Irfan Muhammad , Han Xiufeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpin–orbit torque (SOT)‐induced magnetization switching exhibits chirality (clockwise or counterclockwise), which offers the prospect of programmable spin‐logic devices integrating nonvolatile spintronic memory cells with logic functions. Chirality is usually fixed by an applied or effective magnetic field in reported studies. Herein, utilizing an in‐plane magnetic layer that is also switchable by SOT, the chirality of a perpendicular magnetic layer that is exchange‐coupled with the in‐plane layer can be reversed in a purely electrical way. In a single Hall bar device designed from this multilayer structure, three logic gates including AND, NAND, and NOT are reconfigured, which opens a gateway toward practical programmable spin‐logic devices.
Approaching Perfect Light Incoupling in Perovskite and Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells by Moth Eye Surface Textures
Authors: Qarony Wayesh , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Dewan Rahul , Fischer Stefan , Meyer‐Rochow V Benno , Salleo Alberto , Knipp Dietmar , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSolar cells with increased short‐circuit current density and energy conversion efficiency can be realized by integrating moth eye textures in the design of perovskite and amorphous silicon thin film solar cells. Broadband light incoupling in solar cells can be achieved by using hexagonally arranged arrays of nipples or domes with parabolically shaped surface profiles. The moth eye surface texture represents a refractive index grating that allows for an efficient incoupling of light in the solar cell while minimizing reflection losses. The light incoupling is studied for perovskite and amorphous silicon solar cells. Perovskite has a rather low refractive index of ≈2.5, while amorphous silicon exhibits a refractive index of ≈4.5 comparable to that of crystalline silicon. Due to largely different refractive indices, different device designs must be selected to allow for an efficient light incoupling in the solar cell. 3D finite‐difference time‐domain simulations are used for the optical modeling. Design guidelines are provided on how to realize perovskite and silicon thin film solar cells with high quantum efficiency and short‐circuit current by using moth eye textures.
Diastereocontrolled Monoprotodeboronation of β‐Sulfinimido gem‐Bis(boronates): A General and Stereoselective Route to α,β‐Disubstituted β‐Aminoalkylboronates
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Hall Dennis G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstractβ‐Aminoalkylboronic acids are bioisosteres of the pharmaceutically important class of β‐amino acids but few stereoselective methods exist for their preparation. The 1,2‐addition of lithiated 1,1‐diborylalkanes onto chiral N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl aldimines produces β‐sulfinimido gem‐bis(boronates) in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity. The optimized conditions involve the use of rubidium fluoride and water, and are compatible with functionalized alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl substituents. Under these conditions, the geminal quaternary alkyl bis(pinacolatoboryl) intermediates undergo a highly diastereoselective monoprotodeboronation to afford a wide range of syn‐α,β‐disubstituted β‐aminoalkylboronates. This novel application of protodeboronation chemistry was shown to result from a kinetically controlled, diastereotopic‐group‐selective B−C bond protolysis dictated by the configuration of the adjacent stereogenic C−N center. Facile acidic cleavage of the sulfinimide auxiliary produces the free aminoboronates with high enantiomeric purity.
Transmission of Unidirectional Molecular Motor Rotation to a Remote Biaryl Axis
Authors: Uhl Edgar , Thumser Stefan , Mayer Peter , Dube Henry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMolecular motors undergo repetitive directional motions upon external energy input. A profound challenge is the defined transfer of directional motor motions to remote entities at the molecular scale. Herein, we present a molecular setup that allows for the transfer of the directional rotation of a light‐powered motor unit onto a remote biaryl axis via an ethylene glycol chain link. Based on a combination of X‐ray crystallographic analysis, ECD, and NMR experiments as well as a comprehensive theoretical assessment, we provide evidence for the coupled stepwise directional motions of both molecular units. With the presented setup, facile integration of molecular motor units into larger functional frameworks and complex molecular machines can be explored consciously in the future.
Robust Actuator‐Fault‐Tolerant Control System Based on Sliding‐Mode Observer for Thrust‐Vectoring Aircrafts
Authors: Li Bingqian , Dong Wenhan , Xiong Chao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a robust actuator‐fault‐tolerant control (FTC) system is proposed for thrust‐vectoring aircraft (TVA) control. To this end, a TVA model with actuator fault dynamics, disturbances, and uncertain aerodynamic parameters is described, and a local fault detection and identification (FDI) mechanism is proposed to locate and identify faults, which utilizes an adaptive sliding‐mode observer (SMO) to detect actuator faults and two SMOs to identify and estimate their parameters. Finally, a fault‐tolerant controller is designed to compensate for these actuator faults, disturbances, and uncertain aerodynamic parameters; the approach combines back‐stepping control with fault parameters and a high‐order SMO. Furthermore, the stability of the entire control system is validated, and simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential for this robust FTC system.
DRILL Interface Makes Ion Soft Landing Broadly Accessible for Energy Science and Applications
Authors: Johnson Grant E. , Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Browning Nigel D. , Mehdi B. Layla , Laskin Julia , Kottke Peter A. , Fedorov Andrei G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POM) have been deposited onto carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes using benchtop ion soft landing (SL) enabled by a vortex‐confined electrohydrodynamic desolvation process. The device is based on the dry ion localization and locomotion (DRILL) mass spectrometry interface of Fedorov and co‐workers. By adding electrospray emitters, heating the desolvation gas, and operating at high gas flow rates, it is possible to obtain stable ion currents up to −15 nA that are ideal for deposition. Coupled with ambient ion optics, this interface enables desolvated ions to be delivered to surfaces while excluding solvent and counterions. Electron microscopy of surfaces prepared using the device reveal discrete POM and no aggregation that degrades electrode performance. Characterization of POM‐coated CNT electrodes in a supercapacitor showed an energy storage capacity similar to that achieved with SL in vacuum. For solutions that produce primarily a single ion by electrospray ionization, benchtop SL offers a simpler and less costly approach for surface modification with applications in catalysis, energy storage, and beyond.