bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term memory impairment in vestibular patients can arise independently of psychiatric impairment, fatigue, and sleeplessness
Authors: Smith Laura , Wilkinson David , Bodani Mayur , Bicknell Rowena , Surenthiran S. S. 
Published: April 2018

Vestibular dysfunction is associated with visual short‐term memory impairment; however, it remains unclear if this impairment arises as a direct result of the vestibular dysfunction or is a consequence of comorbid changes in mood, affect, fatigue, and/or sleep. To this end, we assessed the concurrence and interdependence of these comorbidities in 101 individuals recruited from a tertiary balance clinic with a neuro‐otological diagnosis. Over fifty per cent of the sample showed reduced visuospatial short‐term memory, 60% and 37% exceeded cut‐off on the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories, respectively, 70% exceeded cut‐off on the Fatigue Severity Scale, 44% reported daytime sleepiness on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and 78% scored above cut‐off on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The high concurrence of these symptoms gives reason to infer the existence of a vestibular cognitive affective syndrome. Structural equation modelling indicated that the significant statistical association between general unassisted posture (a marker of chronic vestibular dysfunction and strong predictor of falls risk) and short‐term memory was not mediated by mood and wakefulness. Instead, the memory impairment related more directly to vestibular dysfunction. From a rehabilitation perspective, the implication is that if the vestibular disorder is treated successfully then the memory problem will likewise improve.
Measuring the financial and productivity burden of paediatric hospitalisation on the wider family network
Authors: Mumford Virginia , Baysari Melissa T , Kalinin Djala , Raban Magdalena Z , McCullagh Cheryl , Karnon Jonathon , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: April 2018

AimTo estimate the non‐medical out‐of‐pocket costs for families with a child in hospital.MethodsThis study was a survey of 225 parents of paediatric inpatients on nine wards of an Australian public paediatric teaching hospital on two separate days. Our primary outcomes were the costs associated with: (i) time taken off work to care for the child in hospital; (ii) time off work or contributed by family and friends to care for other dependents; and (iii) travel, meals, accommodation and incidental expenses during the child's stay. Demographic data included postcode (to assess distance, socio‐economic status and remoteness), child's age, ward and whether this was their child's first admission.ResultsMean patient age was 6.5 years (standard deviation 5.2). On an average per patient day basis, parents took 1.12 days off work and spent 0.61 (standard deviation 0.53) nights away from home, with 83.8% of nights away at the child's bedside. Parents spent Australian dollars (AUD)89 per day on travel and AUD36 on meals and accommodation. Total costs (including productivity costs) were AUD589 per patient day. Higher costs per patient day were correlated with living in a more remote area (0.48) and a greater travel distance to the hospital (0.41). A higher number of days off work was correlated (0.69) with number of school days missed.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the considerable time and financial resources expended by families caring for a child in hospital and are important inputs in evaluating health‐care interventions that affect risk of hospitalisation and length of stay in paediatric care.
Effects of fat supplementation on plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acid analysis in ponies maintained on a forage‐based diet
Authors: Williams T. , Rude B. , Liao S. , Mochal‐King C. , Nicodemus M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to observe how fat incorporated into an equine forage‐based diet through supplementation altered levels of plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acids. Five Shetland/Hackney cross pony mares were fed alfalfa pellet diets top dressed with commercially available vegetable oil (blend of soya bean, canola and corn oils) at 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet. Ponies were randomly assigned one of four diets to start, with a 14‐day adjustment period between transitioning to another one of the four diets. Ponies were gradually adapted to the new diet within the 14‐day period before a five‐day trial period. Each pony received all four diets by the end of the study. Each trial was a five‐day period with a three‐day sample collection. Blood samples for each collection week were taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 min and at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 hr post‐feeding. Excess fat did not impact plasma glucose (p > .1), nor did it affect blood plasma insulin concentration. While there was no time alteration found for plasma fatty acid concentration (p > .1), C14:0 increased when ponies were fed 0% fat and C18:2 decreased when ponies were fed 0% fat. Plasma fatty acids (% of totalFA) were higher in C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:1 in the added fat diets (p < .1). These findings suggest the amounts reported in this study of fat supplementation on a forage‐based diet did influence the fatty acid analysis within the pony, but did not negatively impact blood glucose and insulin concentrations.
Effects of a DHA‐rich unextracted microalgae as a dietary supplement on performance, carcass traits and meat fatty acid profile in growing‐finishing pigs
Authors: Moran C. A. , Morlacchini M. , Keegan J. D. , Delles R. , Fusconi G. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTwo 125‐day experiments of the same design were conducted to evaluate the effects of a heterotrophically grown microalgae (AURA) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on pig performance, carcass traits and the fatty acid composition of lean and adipose tissue. In each experiment, 144 Hypor pigs were blocked by sex, allocated to three treatment groups, and fed 0, 0.25% or 0.50% AURA in isonutritive, isocaloric diets. Pigs were weighed on days 0, 28, 56, 84 and 112. Feed and water intakes were measured every 28 days. Pigs were slaughtered on day 125. Data from the two studies were analysed as a single data set. Performance and carcass traits did not differ between treatments. Both microalgae treatment levels enriched (p < .05) Longissimus lumborum (LL) and backfat in DHA and improved (p < .05) their ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate selectively activates vagal afferent C‐fiber subtype in guinea pig esophagus
Authors: Yu X. , Patil M. J. , Yu M. , Liu Y. , Wang J. , Undem B. J. , Yu S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundActivation and sensitization of visceral afferent nerves by inflammatory mediators play important roles in visceral nociception. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a lipid with intracellular and extracellular functions. Extracellularly, it can act as an autacoid via interactions with S1P receptors. The present study aims to determine the effect of S1P on esophageal vagal afferent nerve functions.MethodsExtracellular single‐unit recordings were performed in ex vivo guinea pig esophageal‐vagal preparations. The action potentials (APs) evoked by mechanical distension and chemical perfusions applied to the vagal afferent nerve endings in the esophagus were recorded at their intact neuronal cell bodies in either nodose or jugular ganglia. The effects of S1P and its receptor subtype agonists on vagal afferents were recorded and compared. The expression of S1P receptors (S1PR1‐3) in esophageal‐labeled vagal nodose and jugular neurons was studied by single‐cell RT‐PCR.Key ResultsSphingosine‐1‐phosphate evoked AP discharges in almost all esophageal jugular but not nodose C‐fibers without changing their responses to esophageal distension. Esophageal‐labeled vagal nodose and jugular neurons highly expressed transcripts of S1PR1 and S1PR3. Agonists of S1PR1 and S1PR3 each partially mimicked S1P‐induced effect in jugular C‐fibers, suggesting that these receptors may contribute partially to S1P‐induced activation effect on esophageal jugular C‐fiber subtype.Conclusions & InferencesThese data, for the first time, demonstrated a selective activation effect of S1P on vagal afferent nerve subtype in the gastrointestinal tract. This may help to better understand its role in visceral inflammatory nociception.
Rethinking autonomism: Beauty in a world of moral anarchy
Authors: Clavel‐Vazquez Adriana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdvocates of the ethical criticism of art claim that works' ethical defects or merits have an impact on their aesthetic value. Against ethical critics, autonomists claim that moral criteria should not be part of the considerations when evaluating works of art as art. Autonomism refers to the view that an artwork's aesthetic value is independent from its ethical value. The purpose of this paper is to examine how autonomism has been defended in the contemporary discussion in analytic aesthetics. I present three versions of autonomism: Richard Posner's radical autonomism, James C. Anderson and Jeffrey T. Dean, and James Harold's moderate autonomism, and Francisca Pérez Carreño's robust autonomism. I argue that robust autonomism offers a stronger argument against the ethical critic. However, I point to some difficulties for Pérez Carreño's account and conclude by suggesting how further work in autonomism might go around them.
Black carbon and the Arctic: Global problem‐solving through the nexus of science, law and space
Authors: Khan Sabaa Ahmad , Kulovesi Kati 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBlack carbon pollution is an important driver of climate change in the Arctic region. Most black carbon emissions entering the Arctic originate from non‐Arctic sources, and hence mitigating black carbon pollution in the Arctic region requires not only regional, but global engagement. Attempts to regulate borderless climate pollutants such as black carbon force us to think about law's effectiveness from the perspective of its relationship to science as well as its engagement with space. This article argues that for effective legal problem‐solving, black carbon pollution must be addressed from the point of view of science, law and space. Scientific, social and spatial landscapes reveal different legal narratives embedded in climate governance that have traditionally fallen outside the State‐led discourse of environmental legal negotiation and yet are central to developing a meaningful understanding of global climate ‘law’, realities and outcomes.
Enamel‐Renal‐Syndrome: case report
Authors: Torres Luiz Henrique Soares , de‐Azevedo‐Vaz Sérgio Lins , Barroso Danielle Resende Camisasca , Silva Daniela Nascimento , Velloso Tânia Regina Grão , de Barros Liliana Aparecida Pimenta 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAimsto describe a case in which dental changes were observed and investigation proceeded to consider Enamel‐Renal‐Syndrome (ERS), a rare disorder that associates amelogenesis imperfecta with nephrocalcinosis.Case reportan 11‐year‐old male patient upon intraoral examination revealed generalized gingival hyperplasia, a few teeth were absent clinically and the remaining ones were yellowish‐brown in color. The enamel alterations were suggesting of amelogenesis imperfecta. Unerupted teeth with increased pericoronal spaces, suggesting hyperplasic follicles or dentigerous cysts and an enamel with lower thickness and density were observed in the panoramic radiography. The patient was referred for an assay to investigate mucopolysaccharidosis; however, it was negative. A renal ultrasound showed bilateral nephrocalcinosis and laboratory exams, including calcium, phosphate, and creatinine levels were below the average. An incisional gingival biopsy showed numerous round to ovoid basophilic calcifications in the connective tissue. The final diagnosis was ERS.ConclusionDentists should refer patients with similar clinical presentation for renal ultrasound evaluation in order to rule out the possible diagnosis of ERS.
Investigation of knee control as a lower extremity injury risk factor: A prospective study in youth football
Authors: Räisänen A. M. , Arkkila H. , Vasankari T. , Steffen K. , Parkkari J. , Kannus P. , Forsman H. , Pasanen K. 
Published: April 2018

This prospective study in youth football examined the relationship between frontal plane knee projection angle (FPKPA) during the single‐leg squat and sustaining an acute lower extremity injury or acute non‐contact lower extremity injury. Secondly, side‐to‐side asymmetry in FPKPA and sex as injury risk factors were explored. In addition, we investigated the influence of age, sex, and leg dominance on the FPKPA. A total of 558 youth football players (U11 to U14) participated in the single‐leg squat test and prospective injury registration. FPKPA was not found as a risk factor for injuries at this age. There was no difference in the mean FPKPA between sexes. However, FPKPA was associated with age; oldest subjects displayed the smallest FPKPA. Among boys, the frontal plane knee control improved by age. Among girls, the relationship between age and FPKPA was not as clear, but the oldest girls displayed the smallest mean FPKPA in the study (12.2° ± 8.3°). The FPKPA was greater on the dominant kicking leg compared to the non‐dominant support leg (P < .001 for boys, P = .001 for girls). However, side‐to‐side asymmetry in FPKPA was not associated with future injuries. In conclusion, frontal plane knee control in the single‐leg squat was not associated with lower extremity injuries among young football players. As the single‐leg squat to 90° knee flexion was too demanding for many subjects, easier single‐leg squat test procedure or a different movement control test, such as a double‐legged squat, could be more suitable for the young football players.
Changing preferences towards redistribution: How deliberation shapes welfare attitudes
Authors: Zimmermann Katharina , Heuer Jan‐Ocko , Mau Steffen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe article departs from the argument that research on welfare attitudes is, so far, dominated by large‐scale survey‐studies, which allow for generalizable insights into citizens' preferences and evaluations, but are necessarily limited in their ability to capture the dynamic and contextual aspects of attitude formation. In order to broaden the horizon of welfare attitudes' research, this article introduces a new qualitative method, namely deliberative forums. In these large group discussions—originally developed for participatory decision‐making—attitudes, opinions, and preferences are core aspects of the deliberation process, and the article argues that by observing deliberation, we can observe attitude construction “in vivo”. The evidence from a two‐day German deliberation event illustrates in an exploratory manner how information, reasoning, and group processes can influence people's evaluations and expressed policy preferences with regard to redistribution. By linking participants' answers from a survey before and after the event to their statements during the discussions, the article not only shows that the preferences for redistribution people expressed in the survey answers are often higher after the deliberative event, but also seeks to make sense of attitudinal dynamics on the basis of the qualitative material by pointing towards the role of information, reasoning, and group processes.
Assembly and annotation of a draft genome sequence for Glycine latifolia, a perennial wild relative of soybean
Authors: Liu Qiong , Chang Sungyul , Hartman Glen L. , Domier Leslie L. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryGlycine latifolia (Benth.) Newell & Hymowitz (2n = 40), one of the 27 wild perennial relatives of soybean, possesses genetic diversity and agronomically favorable traits that are lacking in soybean. Here, we report the 939‐Mb draft genome assembly of G. latifolia (PI 559298) using exclusively linked‐reads sequenced from a single Chromium library. We organized scaffolds into 20 chromosome‐scale pseudomolecules utilizing two genetic maps and the Glycine max (L.) Merr. genome sequence. High copy numbers of putative 91‐bp centromere‐specific tandem repeats were observed in consecutive blocks within predicted pericentromeric regions on several pseudomolecules. No 92‐bp putative centromeric repeats, which are abundant in G. max, were detected in G. latifolia or Glycine tomentella. Annotation of the assembled genome and subsequent filtering yielded a high confidence gene set of 54 475 protein‐coding loci. In comparative analysis with five legume species, genes related to defense responses were significantly overrepresented in Glycine‐specific orthologous gene families. A total of 304 putative nucleotide‐binding site (NBS)‐leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR) genes were identified in this genome assembly. Different from other legume species, we observed a scarcity of TIR‐NBS‐LRR genes in G. latifolia. The G. latifolia genome was also predicted to contain genes encoding 367 LRR‐receptor‐like kinases, a family of proteins involved in basal defense responses and responses to abiotic stress. The genome sequence and annotation of G. latifolia provides a valuable source of alternative alleles and novel genes to facilitate soybean improvement. This study also highlights the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of the application of Chromium linked‐reads in diploid plant genome de novo assembly.
Age of transfused blood in critically ill adult trauma patients: a prespecified nested analysis of the Age of Blood Evaluation randomized trial
Authors: Green Robert S. , Erdogan Mete , Lacroix Jacques , Hébert Paul C. , Tinmouth Alan T. , Sabri Elham , Zhang Tinghua , Fergusson Dean A. , Turgeon Alexis F. ,   on behalf of the ABLE Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDBlood transfusion is common in the resuscitation of patients with traumatic injury. However, the clinical impact of the length of storage of transfused blood is unclear in this population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe undertook a prespecified nested analysis of 372 trauma victims of the 2510 critically ill patients from 64 centers treated as part of the Age of Blood Evaluation (ABLE) randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized according to their trauma status to receive either a transfusion of fresh blood stored not more than 7 days or standard‐issue blood. Our primary outcome was 90‐day all‐cause mortality.RESULTSOverall, 186 trauma patients received fresh blood and 186 received standard‐issue blood. Adherence to transfusion protocol was 94% (915/971) for all fresh blood transfused and 100% (753/753) for all standard‐issue blood transfused. Mean ± SD blood storage duration was 5.6 ± 3.8 days in the fresh group and 22.7 ± 8.4 days in the standard‐issue group (p < 0.001). Ninety‐day mortality in the fresh group was 21% (38/185), compared to 16% (29/184) in the standard‐issue group, with an unadjusted absolute risk difference of 5% (95% confidence interval [CI], –3.1 to 12.6) and an adjusted absolute risk difference of 2% (95% CI, –3.5 to 6.8).CONCLUSIONIn critically ill trauma patients, transfusion of fresh blood did not decrease 90‐day mortality or secondary outcomes, a finding similar to the overall population of the ABLE trial.
A GXXXA Motif in the Transmembrane Domain of the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Is Required for Tetherin Antagonism
Authors: González-Hernández Mariana , Hoffmann Markus , Brinkmann Constantin , Nehls Julia , Winkler Michael , Schindler Michael , Pöhlmann Stefan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The interferon-induced antiviral host cell protein tetherin can inhibit the release of several enveloped viruses from infected cells. The Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) antagonizes tetherin, but the domains and amino acids in GP that are required for tetherin antagonism have not been fully defined. A GXXXA motif within the transmembrane domain (TMD) of EBOV-GP was previously shown to be important for GP-mediated cellular detachment. Here, we investigated whether this motif also contributes to tetherin antagonism. Mutation of the GXXXA motif did not impact GP expression or particle incorporation and only modestly reduced EBOV-GP-driven entry. In contrast, the GXXXA motif was required for tetherin antagonism in transfected cells. Moreover, alteration of the GXXXA motif increased tetherin sensitivity of a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) chimera encoding EBOV-GP. Although these results await confirmation with authentic EBOV, they indicate that a GXXXA motif in the TMD of EBOV-GP is important for tetherin antagonism. Moreover, they provide the first evidence that GP can antagonize tetherin in the context of an infectious EBOV surrogate.

IMPORTANCE
The glycoprotein (GP) of Ebola virus (EBOV) inhibits the antiviral host cell protein tetherin and may promote viral spread in tetherin-positive cells. However, tetherin antagonism by GP has so far been demonstrated only with virus-like particles, and it is unknown whether GP can block tetherin in infected cells. Moreover, a mutation in GP that selectively abrogates tetherin antagonism is unknown. Here, we show that a GXXXA motif in the transmembrane domain of EBOV-GP, which was previously reported to be required for GP-mediated cell rounding, is also important for tetherin counteraction. Moreover, analysis of this mutation in the context of vesicular stomatitis virus chimeras encoding EBOV-GP revealed that GP-mediated tetherin counteraction is operative in infected cells. To our knowledge, these findings demonstrate for the first time that GP can antagonize tetherin in infected cells and provide a tool to study the impact of GP-dependent tetherin counteraction on EBOV spread.
Effect of Electroacupuncture Stimulation on Long-Term Recovery following Achilles Tendon Rupture in a Rat Model
Authors: Imaeda Miwa , Hojo Tatsuya , Kitakoji Hiroshi , Tanaka Kazuto , Itoi Megumi , Inoue Motohiro 
Published: April 2018

Aims In this study we examined the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on the mechanical strength of the rat Achilles tendon after long-term recovery. Methods Using 20 rats, an Achilles tendon rupture model was created in an invasive manner. The rats were assigned to one of three groups, that received EA treatment (EA group), minimal acupuncture (MA group) or remained untreated (Control group). In the EA group, EA stimulation (5 ms, 50 Hz, 20 µA, 20 min) was applied to the rupture region over a period of 90 days (five times/week). In the MA group, needles were inserted into the same positions as in the EA group but no electrical current was applied. After 90 days the tendon was measured to calculate the cross-sectional area of the rupture region. Then, the mechanical strength of the tendon was measured by tensile testing. Results No significant differences were observed between the three groups in cross-sectional area of the injured tendon. For maximum breaking strength, the EA group showed a significantly higher threshold compared with the Control group (P<0.05) but not the MA group (P=0.24). No significant difference was seen between the MA group and the Control group (P=0.96). Conclusion Given the EA group showed a significant increase in maximum breaking strength, it is likely that EA stimulation increases the mechanical strength of a repaired tendon after long-term recovery, and EA stimulation could be useful for preventing re-rupture.