bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrategias para mitigar el riesgo de lavado de activos en sectores empresariales del Ecuador
Authors: Vergara Cuadros Yadira Natalia , Egas Moreno Fanny Graciela , Cifuentes Luz Marina , Troya Loor María Angélica 
Published: February 2019

Son muchos los mecanismos para lavar activos, no solamente en nuestro país, sino a nivel mundial. Estudios realizados indican que el lavado de activos alcanza aproximadamente USD 320 000 millones en el mundo, de los cuales USD 150 000 millones estarían en América Latina.
Esta investigación se basa en plantear estrategias para reducir el riesgo de lavado de activos en los sectores económicos vulnerables del Ecuador mediante la implementación de procedimientos de debida diligencia, puesto que el crimen organizado es muy ingenioso al determinar nuevas formas para delinquir, esto hace que diversos sectores económicos sean vulnerables y que surja la necesidad de contar con la habilidad suficiente para detectar, prevenir y mejorar su sistema operativo y sus prácticas empresariales. La globalización, la economía a nivel mundial, la facilidad en las comunicaciones y movilización, las relaciones y la creciente interdependencia económica entre países, ha atraído como consecuencia mayores oportunidades para lavar dinero y tratar de legitimar toda clase de fondos ilegales. Las empresas que son utilizadas para ejecutar este crimen, sufren desenlaces muy fuertes, así como también sus accionistas, directivos y empleados y en el peor de los casos puede causar su cierre y consecuentemente la desaparición del negocio.
Short Term Outcome of Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Low Ejection Fraction
Authors: Salekin Mohammad Serajus , Sazzad Md Faizus , Nahian Syed Al , Mohammad Musa Sumsul Arif , Alam Mohammed Rabbikul , Choudhury Dewan Iftakher Raza , Adhikary Asit Baran 
Published: February 2019

Coronary artery disease is increasing in developing countries. Revascularization surgery in such patients with amenable coronary anatomy is a valid option. Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with low ejection fraction (EF <35%) is very challenging although it is performing successfully in department of Cardiac Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University now a days. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of off pump coronary artery bypass grafting for EF e”35% and EF <35% and also to compare between pre and postoperative echocardiographic findings in this two groups. The preoperative, at discharge, 1 month and 3 month postoperative follow up data of total 60 patients in two groups ( EF e”35% and <35%) who underwent isolated off pump coronary artery bypass grafting between July 2012 – June 2014 was evaluated. In group 1 preoperative LVIDd and LVIDs was 54.86±3.45 mm and 45.23 ±4.13mm and LVEF was 42.7±4.66. Postoperatively at 3 month follow up the LVIDd 45.43±5.03 mm, LVIDs 34.7±5.33 mm and LVEF 53.46±5.06. The improvement of mean LVIDd and LVIDs is statistically significant (p<0.001) and (p<0.05) respectively. But improvement of LVEF is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Similarly in group 2 patients preoperative LVIDd, LVIDs and LVEF is 67.06±3.67mm, 59.1±4.35mm and 29.26±4.25. Postoperatively at 3 months follow up of this group the LVIDd, LVIDs and LVEF is changed to 57.56±4.96 mm, 48.3±5.53 mm and 38.93±6.03. The improvement of mean LVIDd and LVIDs is statistically significant (p<0.001) and (p<0.05) respectively. And the improvement of LVEF is also statistically significant (p<0.001). Significant improvement in terms of CCS grade and NYHA class was also observed specially in <35% ejection fraction group at 3moths follow up. We concluded that off pump coronary artery bypass grafting can be safely performed to the patients with normal and poor left ventricular ejection. Hence we recommended that off-pump CABG can be safely carry out in case of <35% ejection fraction patients.
University Heart Journal Vol. 14, No. 2, Jul 2018; 53-61
Cleveland Clinic Socre – What is the Role of a Novel Prognostic Treadmil Score to Diagnose Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Alam Md Mashiul , Rahman Md Mukhlesur , Parvin Tanjima , Ahmed Khurshed , Zaman SM Mustafa , Banerjee Sajal Krishna , Ahsan Sayed Ali , Hoque Harisul , Bajracharya Prashant , Rashed Md Rakibul Hasan 
Published: February 2019

Background: Ischemic heart disease is increasing all over the world even in the developing countries like Bangladesh. The incidence rate of coronary artery disease is escalating very rapidly among both male and female population in our country. Though exercise treadmill test (ETT) is a well accepted non-invasive investigation to diagnose Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), it has a high false positive and false negative result if ST segment response alone is calculated for interpretation of the test. Accuracy of different treadmill scores in our population is largely unknown. Clevelan Clinic Score is a prognostic ETT score which is validated for prognostic indication but may have some diagnostic value as well.
Objective: To know the diagnostic role of Cleveland Clinic Score, currently which has only prognostic implication. Method: A Cross-Sectional study was carried out on patients attending University Cardiac Center in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for stable chest pain to find out the accuracy of Cleveland Clinic Scores (CCS) in comparison to other diagnostic treadmill scores namely Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) and Simple Treadmill Score (STS).Total 130 persons including male and female who have undergone ETT were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Coronary angiogram reports were collected after the procedure was performed as per clinical practice. The accuracy of ST segment response & different treadmill scores were calculated and compared with each other.
Result: ETT scores had better sensitivity and specificity than ST segment response which was affected by workup bias more. CCS, DTS and STS have 83.3% & 60.9%; 71.4% & 71.7%; 64.3% & 78.3% sensitivity & specificity, respectively. Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed all of the three scores have similar area under curve (AUC) that means they have similar accuracy to diagnose CAD. But they have different sensitivity and specificity for different cut off value. Overall analysis showed accuracy of STS (83.9%) is comparable to that of DTS (83.3%), CCS (77%) .
Conclusion: Among the three treadmill scores Cleveland Clinic Score has comparable predictive accuracy when compared with DTS, STS. Though a prognostic ETT score, CCS may have diagnostic role which need to be validated further.
University Heart Journal Vol. 14, No. 2, Jul 2018; 62-66
Significance of ST Segment Elevation in Lead aVR in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gachchhadar Pritam Kumar , Mahmood Manzoor , Adhikary Dipal Krishna , Chowdhury MSI Tipu , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin , Mandal MRM , Md Iqbal Khaled , Banerjee Sajal Krishna 
Published: February 2019

Background: As acute occlusion of the left main (LM) artery causes life-threatening hemodynamic deterioration and malignant arrhythmias, resulting in an adverse outcome, a rapid diagnosis and subsequent urgent revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary bypass surgery is very important in this subset of patients. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Unlike other 11 leads, lead aVR has been long neglected until recent years.
Objective: To determine the accuracy of 12-lead electrocardiography in predicting left main and/or triplevessel disease in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE- ACS). Methodology: This cross sectional observational study carried out among patients presenting with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome at Cardiac Emergency Department or CCU of BSMMU. This study was conducted from May 2017 to April 2018. A total of 36 patients meeting the eligibility criteria were consecutively included. Data collection was carried out by using a questionnaire. Informed written consent was obtained from the hospital authority. Analysis of data was finally done with Statistical Package for Social Science program 17 version of computer on the basis of different variables.
Result: As ST-segment elevation in lead aVR is a continuous variable, a suitable cut-off for ST- elevation in lead aVR was found out for diagnosing LM and/or triple vessel disease (TVD) using ROC curve. The cut-off value was 0.75 mm which gave us an optimum sensitivity of 88.5% and a specificity of 80% with an area under the curve being 0.892(95% CI = 0.785-1.000), p < 0.001. The area under the curve demonstrated that 89.2% of the LM and/or TVD were correctly diagnosed with ST elevation e” 0.75 mm in lead aVR in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. The positive predictive value was commendably high (92%) and negative predictive value was no less (72.7%) with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 86%.
Conclusion: From the findings of the study it can be concluded that ST- segment elevation e”0.75 mm in lead aVR in patients of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome had optimum sensitivity and specificity with an appreciably high overall diagnostic accuracy. The ST- segment elevation e”0.75 mm in lead aVR in patients with non-STE-ACS can differentiate LM and/or triple vessel disease with fair degree of accuracy.
University Heart Journal Vol. 14, No. 2, Jul 2018; 71-76
Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Pelestarian Hutan Cagar Alam Di Kampung Saporkren Distrik Waigeo Selatan Kabupaten Raja Ampat
Authors: Irnawati Irnawati 
Published: February 2019

Kawasan cagar alam memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam dan jasa lingkungan yang tinggi dan dapat dijadikan sebagai modal dasar pelaksanaa pembangunan Indonesia di masa yang akan datang. evaluasi kondisi komunitas hutan cagar alam di kampung Sapokren sangat berguna dalam mamantau proses regenerasi terhadap pelestarian Hutan Cagar Alam di Waigo Barat. Metode yang di pakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian hutan cagar alam penelitian ini terdiri atas kemauan, kemampuan dan kesempatan yang dimiliki masyarakat untuk ikut serta dalam kegiatan partisipasi, Perilaku masyarakat tentang upaya pelestarian dapat dilihat dari motivasi responden mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah setempat yang mencapai 55%Â dalam tingkat sukarela motivasi masyarakat yang ikut ambil bagian dalam menjaga dan melestarikan hutan cagar alam di Kampung Saporkren Distrik Waigeo Selatan.
Studi Karakteristik Dan Pengelompokan Jenis Tumbuhan Bawah Pada Areal Pusat Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan Lindung Di KPHL Kota Sorong
Authors: Tanahitumesseng Brandon , Ponisri Ponisri , Nanlohy Lona 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan pengelompokan jenis tumbuhan bawah di areal pusat pengendalian kebakaran hutan lindung di KPHL Kota Sorong. Jenis tumbuhan bawah pada areal Pusat Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan Lindung di KPHL Kota Sorong ditemukan 8 (delapan) jenis dengan penyebaran paling dominan yaitu 4 jenis tumbuhan bawah adalah Alang-alang (Imperata cylindria) (25), Rumput Cakar Ayam ( Digitaria ciliaris) (23), Sentro (Centrosema pubescens) (18), dan rumput teki (Cyperus rotundus) (15). Sedangkan yang tidak mendominasi yaituÂ Paku kijang (Phegopteris connectilis) (14) . Putri malu (Mimosa pudica) (11) , Rumput pait (Axonopus comperesus) Â (9) , dan Babandotan (Agretum conyzoides) (7). Jenis Tumbuhan bawah pada areal Pusat Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan LindungÂ di KPHL Kota Sorong memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan jenisnya dimana penyebarannya mulai dari 0,5 ha, 0,5-1 ha dan > 1ha.Â
Investigation of structural dynamics of substances using ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy: (50th anniversary of the Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences)
Authors: Aseyev S A , Ryabov E A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The structural dynamics of matter, induced by powerful and most often femtosecond laser pulses, is manifested in an atomic-molecular ‘movie’, a collection of processes, the exploration of which is of immense interest for today’s natural sciences. Studying this global phenomenon requires an ultra-high spatio-temporal resolution that involves the development of dedicated research methods. Laser spectroscopy may be applied to determine energy states of samples and track their evolution in time; however, the structural dynamics of matter can only be disclosed from that information by indirect methods. We present here direct techniques for studying laser-perturbed substances in the spatio-temporal continuum where matter is probed with ultrashort electron and X-ray pulses. We also describe the first series of experiments performed with the aid of a femtosecond electron diffractometer and picosecond transmission electron microscope at the Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences based in Troitsk, Moscow.
Uluru statement
Authors: Fleay Jesse John , Judd Barry 
Published: February 2019

From every State and Territory of Australia, including the islands of the Torres Strait over 200 delegates gathered at the 2017 First Nations National Constitutional Convention in Uluru, which has stood on Anangu Pitjantjatjara country in the Northern Territory since time immemorial, to discuss the issue of constitutional recognition. Delegates agreed that tokenistic recognition would not be enough, and that recognition bearing legal substance must stand, with the possibility to make multiple treaties between Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders and the Commonwealth Government of Australia. In this paper, we look at the roadmap beyond such a potential change. We make the case for a redistributive approach to capital, and propose key outcomes for social reconstruction, should a voice to parliament, a Makarrata[1] Commission and multiple treaties be enabled through a successful referendum. We conclude that an alteration of the Commonwealth Constitution (Cth) is the preliminary overture of a suite of changes: the constitutional change itself is not the end of the road, but simply the beginning of years of legal change, which seeks provide a socio-economic future for Australia’s First Peoples, and the oldest continuing cultures in the world. Constitutional change seeks to transform the discourse about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander relations with the Australian state from one centred on distributive justice to one that is primarily informed by retributive justice. This paper concerns the future generations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, and their right to labour in a market that honours their cultural contributions to humanity at large.

[1] Yolŋu ceremony for coming together after a struggle.
Educación histórica con el patrimonio:
Authors: Alves Luis Alberto , Pinto Helena 
Published: February 2019

Se presenta una reflexión respecto al papel del patrimonio en la educación formal, en cuanto a la relación entre la educación patrimonial y la educación histórica. Se discuten referentes teóricos, que fundamentan la metodología de investigación utilizada, de carácter esencialmente cualitativo.
Son objetivos principales, analizar y comprender cómo la implementación de actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje de historia, con recurso al patrimonio cultural, en contexto, posibilita y favorece la progresión en el conocimiento histórico y en la conciencia patrimonial de los estudiantes.
Se describen varios estudios de caso que se han desarrollado en Portugal, en el ámbito de doctorado y máster –en este caso en la Facultad de Letras de la Universidad de Porto –aplicándose en la educación formal, con profesorado de historia en formación continua y futuros docentes de historia/ciencias sociales, en formación inicial.
Los resultados, si bien sin objetivos comparativos, revelan que hay potencial para la interpretación del patrimonio en la educación formal. Aunque persistan limitaciones, hay propuestas creíbles para su desarrollo sistemático con la educación histórica. Además del estudio de las concepciones de los profesores –y alumnos– hay que comprender lo que ocurre en el aula cuando se usa el patrimonio, qué contenidos y fuentes se seleccionan, qué actividades se realizan y qué materiales didácticos se utilizan.
It is presented a reflection on the role of heritage in formal education regarding the relationship between heritage education and history education. Some theoretical references which support the research methodology of an essentially qualitative nature are discussed too.
The main purposes are to analyse and understand how the implementation of history teaching and learning activities through cultural heritage in context, makes possible and favours students’ progression in historical understanding and heritage awareness.
We describe several case studies that have been developed in Portugal, in the field of doctoral and master's research - specifically in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto – that have been applied in formal education with history teachers in the context of continuous training and initial history/social sciences teachers’ training.
Results, although without comparative aims, reveal that there is potential for interpretation of heritage in formal education. Even if limitations persist, there are credible proposals for its systematic development with history education. In addition to the study of teachers’ conceptions –and students’ too– it is necessary to understand what happens in the classroom when using heritage, what contents and sources are selected, what activities are carried out and what didactic materials are used.
An Electron Microscopic Study of the Effect of (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the Ability of E. coli 0157:H7 to Attach and Efface Healthy Young Broilers
Authors: Abdullah M. S. Shathele , Hassan Sharif M. , Alaqil A. A. 
Published: February 2019

The present study was carried out to determine the influence of dietary probiotic source feed (fungal-yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the ability of E. coli 0157:H7 to attach and efface healthy young broilers at different feeding periods (7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days of age). There were reductions in bacterial attachment of broilers fed various yeast levels. Twenty one days post-challenging about 87% of the (G1); positive control, chicks fed control diet containing 0.00% baker yeast and challenged with E. coli 0157:H7, showed both cecal attachment and effacement. On the other hand 37% of the (G2); chicks fed control diet containing 0.75% baker yeast and challenged with E. coli 0157:H7, showed cecal attachment. And only 16% of the (G3); chicks fed control diet containing 1.00% baker yeast and challenged with E. coli 0157:H7 showed cecal attachment. The results of this study suggest adding yeast at 1.0% into broilers diets causing a significant (P<0.005) decrease in bacterial attachment and may enhance the productive performance and nutrients utilization via the inhibitory effect of yeast against pathogenic bacteria E. coli 0157:H7.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Microvascular Blood-Brain Barrier Pathology
Authors: Fullerton Josie L. , Hay Jennifer , Bryant-Craig Charlotte , Atkinson Josephine , Smith Douglas H. , Stewart William 
Published: November 2024

ImportancePediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with an increased risk of catastrophic outcome compared with adult TBI, including diffuse brain swelling and so-called second impact syndrome. Nevertheless, the biological substrates driving adverse outcomes in pediatric TBI remain poorly described.ObjectiveTo compare neuropathological evidence of brain swelling and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after moderate or severe acute TBI in adult vs pediatric case material.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this retrospective case series, cases of pediatric (aged 3-18 years) and adult (aged ≥19 years) TBI were accrued from January 1, 1979, to December 31, 2005, and underwent laboratory-based assessment of autopsy material from the Glasgow TBI Archive. Data analysis was performed from January 2019 to January 2024.ExposuresSingle moderate or severe TBI.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEvaluation of representative brain tissue sections stained for markers of endothelia (CD34) and BBB integrity (fibrinogen and immunoglobin G).ResultsEighty-one pediatric patients (mean [SD] age, 12.1 [4.6] years; 50 [62%] male) and 62 adult patients (mean [SD] age, 38.7 [12.9] years; 35 [56%] male) were studied. At autopsy, when present, brain swelling was more often diffuse and bilateral among pediatric patients (64 of 81 cases [83%]) when compared with adult patients (21 of 62 [34%]) (P &amp;lt; .001). Histologic evidence of BBB disruption was common in material from both adult (57 of 62 [91%]) and pediatric (65 of 81 [80%]) (P = .06) patients. In pediatric patients, however, this was a predominantly microvascular, capillary-level pathology, which was a less common finding in adult case material (mean [SD], 84.7% [8.6%] vs 31.2% [7.7%]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis autopsy case series of patients dying in the acute phase after single moderate or severe TBI provides neuropathological evidence of age-dependent differences in vascular pathology. Specifically, although BBB disruption in pediatric material was typically confined to microvascular, capillary-level vessels, in adult case material, BBB disruption more typically involved larger-diameter vessels. This observation of distinct microvascular pathology in pediatric acute TBI requires further investigation. In the meantime, this study presents an intriguing potential candidate pathology contributing to diffuse brain swelling in this age group.
Design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace (1954), Hiroshima, by Togo Murano (Part 4): Formal manipulations observed in the process of working design and construction instruction of the cathedral (1948–1954)
Authors: Tomioka Yoshito , Tabata Chikako 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFollowing schematic design in November 1948, the design effort continued through working design (detailed design prepared for construction work), which was completed in June 1950, and subsequent detailed construction instruction design. These phases included dome installation over the sanctuary, crypt redesign, window design, and tower design, all of which are impressive manifestations seen in the built work. This paper depicts the architect's creative and strategic design thinking during these phases by analyzing formal manipulations observed in sketches and drawings created until just before the cathedral's dedication on August 6, 1954.