bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of spatial-temporal distribution and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in China, during 2008–2015
Authors: Zhang Y. , Wang X. L. , Feng T. , Fang C. Z. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAt present, the number of people with tuberculosis in China is second only to India and ranks second in the world. Under such a severe case of tuberculosis in China, prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis are urgently needed. This study aimed to study the temporal and geographical relevance of the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis and the factors affecting the incidence of tuberculosis. Spatial autocorrelation model was used to study the spatial distribution characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis from a quantitative level. The research results showed that the overall incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (IPT) in China was low in the east, high in the west and had certain seasonal characteristics. We use Spatial Lag Model to explore influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis. It indicates that the IPT is high in areas with underdeveloped economics, poor social services and low average smoking ages. Additionally, the IPT is high in areas with high AIDS prevalence. Also, compared with Classical Regression Model and Spatial Error Model, our model has smaller values of Akaike information criterion and Schwarz criterion. Besides, our model has bigger values of coefficient of determination (R2) and log-likelihood (log L) than the other two models. Apart from that, it is more significant than Spatial Error Models in the spatial dependence test for the IPT.
Evaluating Mild Cognitive Impairment in Essential Tremor: How Many and Which Neuropsychological Tests?
Authors: Cersonsky Tess E.K. , Morgan Sarah , Kellner Sarah , Robakis Daphne , Liu Xinhua , Huey Edward D. , Louis Elan D. , Cosentino Stephanie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectives:Essential tremor (ET) confers an increased risk for developing both amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Yet, the optimal measures for detecting mild cognitive changes in individuals with this movement disorder have not been established. We sought to identify the cognitive domains and specific motor-free neuropsychological tests that are most sensitive to mild deficits in cognition as defined by a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5, which is generally associated with a clinical diagnosis of MCI.Methods:A total of 196 ET subjects enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal, clinical-pathological study underwent an extensive motor-free neuropsychological test battery and were assigned a CDR score. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the neuropsychological tests which best identified individuals with CDR of 0.5 (mild deficits in cognition)versus0 (normal cognition).Results:In regression models, we identified five tests in the domains of Memory and Executive Function which best discriminated subjects with CDR of 0.5versus0 (86.9% model classification accuracy). These tests were the California Verbal Learning Test II Total Recall, Logical Memory II, Verbal-Paired Associates I, Category Switching Fluency, and Color-Word Inhibition.Conclusions:Mild cognitive difficulty among ET subjects is best predicted by combined performance on five measures of memory and executive function. These results inform the nature of cognitive dysfunction in ET and the creation of a brief cognitive battery to assess patients with ET for cognitively driven dysfunction in life that could indicate the presence of MCI. (JINS, 2018,24, 1084–1098)
Description of Ore Particles from X-Ray Microtomography (XMT) Images, Supported by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-Based Image Analysis
Authors: Furat Orkun , Leißner Thomas , Ditscherlein Ralf , Šedivý Ondřej , Weber Matthias , Bachmann Kai , Gutzmer Jens , Peuker Urs , Schmidt Volker 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, three-dimensional (3D) image data of ore particle systems is investigated. By combining X-ray microtomography with scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based image analysis, additional information about the mineralogical composition from certain planar sections can be gained. For the analysis of tomographic images of particle systems the extraction of single particles is essential. This is performed with a marker-based watershed algorithm and a post-processing step utilizing a neural network to reduce oversegmentation. The results are validated by comparing the 3D particle-wise segmentation empirically with 2D SEM images, which have been obtained with a different imaging process and segmentation algorithm. Finally, a stereological application is shown, in which planar SEM images are embedded into the tomographic 3D image. This allows the estimation of local X-ray attenuation coefficients, which are material-specific quantities, in the entire tomographic image.
Fossil flower ofStaphyleaL. from the Miocene amber of Mexico: New evidence of the Boreotropical Flora in low-latitude North America
Authors: Hernández-Damián Ana L. , Cevallos-Ferriz Sergio R. S. , Huerta-Vergara Alma R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA new flower preserved in amber in sediments of Simojovel de Allende, México, is identified as an extinct member of Staphyleaceae, a family of angiosperms consisting of only three genera (Staphylea,TurpiniaandEuscaphis), which has a large and abundant fossil record and is today distributed over the Northern Hemisphere.Staphylea ochoterenaesp. nov. is the first record of a flower for this group, which is small, pedicelled, pentamer, bisexual, with sepals and petals with similar size, dorsifixed anthers and superior ovary. Furthermore, the presence of stamens with pubescent filaments allows close comparison with extant flowers ofStaphylea bulmadaandS. forresti, species currently growing in Asia. However, their different number of style (one vs. three) and the apparent lack of a floral disc distinguish them fromS. ochoterenae.The presence of Staphyleaceae in southern Mexico ca. 23 to 15My ago is evidence of the long history of integration of vegetation in low-latitude North America, in which some lineages, such asStaphylea, could move southwards from high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, as part of the Boreotropical Flora. In Mexico it grew in association with tropical elements, as suggested by the fossil record of the area.
Arrival Angle and Travel Time Measurements of HF Transequatorial Propagation for Plasma Bubble Monitoring
Authors: Saito Susumu , Yamamoto Mamoru , Maruyama Takashi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA system to measure travel times of high‐frequency (HF) radio waves was developed based on a digital receiver technique. Travel times of HF transequatorial propagation (HF‐TEP) of signals of Radio Australia from Shepparton (36.2°S, 145.3°E), Australia to Oarai (36.3°N, 140.6°E), Japan, were measured by the system. Directions of arrival of the signals were simultaneously observed by a HF Direction Finder located at Oarai (Oarai Direction Finder: ODF). When the ODF observed signals arriving from great circle direction, constant multiple discrete values of propagation times were observed. After sunset, propagation times longer than those expected from the great circle propagation were observed and the ODF observed corresponding signals from off‐great‐circle directions (off‐great‐circle propagation). The observed maximum azimuth angle deviation (∼50°) was much larger than the angle that would have been obtained when a single side reflection in HF‐TEP was assumed. This result supports the multireflection model of off‐great‐circle propagation of HF‐TEP proposed by Tsunoda et al. (2016a, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021695). The propagation time measurements are useful to determine the propagation paths, when they are used with HF‐TEP observations by a HF Direction Finder system. Ray tracing analysis with the propagation times and arrival angles will contribute to monitoring locations of plasma bubbles as well as understanding their structures and the physics behind them. The technique can also be applied to determine the propagation paths in the normal great circle propagations and other geophysical phenomena, such as midlatitude trough, deep traveling ionospheric disturbance modulation of the ionospheric height due to Perkins instability and sporadic E layer irregularities.
Timing of Orogenic Exhumation Processes of the Qinling Orogen: Evidence From40Ar/39Ar Dating
Authors: Dong Yunpeng , Neubauer Franz , Genser Johann , Sun Shengsi , Yang Zhao , Zhang Feifei , Cheng Bin , Liu Xiaoming , Zhang Guowei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Qinling Orogenic Belt was formed by long‐lived subduction and collision between the North and South China blocks. Our40Ar/39Ar geochronological data of amphibole, white mica, and biotite reveal different exhumation and cooling histories of the major units in the North Qinling Belt and South Qinling Belt (SQB), constraining the multiple orogenic processes. The exhumation of the Qinling Group in the North Qinling Belt started before 432 Ma, through about 500 °C during 432.3–405 Ma, followed by rapid cooling below 425 °C at 388.9 ± 1.1 Ma and slow cooling through about 300 °C during 333.3–329.5 Ma. A similar exhumation history of the Kuanping Group started from about 383 Ma, cooled below 425 °C at 364.9 ± 1.2 Ma and 300 °C at 341.8 ± 1.3 Ma. The metamorphic fore‐arc sedimentary wedge cooled below 500 °C during 322–311.2 Ma, below 425 °C at 306.3 ± 2.8 Ma, and 300 °C at 249 ± 2.8 Ma. However, the white mica40Ar/39Ar ages of 349.4 ± 5.1 and 363.2 ± 2.5 Ma constrain the syntectonic metamorphic crystallization age of the Devonian Liuling Group in the northern SQB, whereas 228.2 ± 0.7 Ma indicates either a delayed cooling of the Wudang Group in the southern SQB or a second stage of low‐temperature thermal overprint. Together with previous cooling ages and regional geology, our new data support a tectonic model of Early Paleozoic Andean‐type orogeny with subsequent Late Paleozoic continental subduction in the Qinling Orogenic Belt.
Variability in Atmospheric Methane From Fossil Fuel and Microbial Sources Over the Last Three Decades
Authors: Thompson R. L. , Nisbet E. G. , Pisso I. , Stohl A. , Blake D. , Dlugokencky E. J. , Helmig D. , White J. W. C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAtmospheric measurements show an increase in CH4 from the 1980s to 1998 followed by a period of near‐zero growth until 2007. However, from 2007, CH4 has increased again. Understanding the variability in CH4 is critical for climate prediction and climate change mitigation. We examine the role of CH4 sources and the dominant CH4 sink, oxidation by the hydroxyl radical (OH), in atmospheric CH4 variability over the past three decades using observations of CH4, C2H6, and δ13CCH4 in an inversion. From 2006 to 2014, microbial and fossil fuel emissions increased by 36 ± 12 and 15 ± 8 Tg y−1, respectively. Emission increases were partially offset by a decrease in biomass burning of 3 ± 2 Tg y−1 and increase in soil oxidation of 5 ± 6 Tg y−1. A change in the atmospheric sink did not appear to be a significant factor in the recent growth of CH4.
Examining the Origins of Ocean Heat Content Variability in the Eastern North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre
Authors: Foukal Nicholas P. , Lozier M. Susan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe analyze sources of ocean heat content (OHC) variability in the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre from both Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives within two ocean simulations from 1990 to 2015. Heat budgets reveal that while the OHC seasonal cycle is driven by air‐sea fluxes, interannual OHC variability is driven by both air‐sea fluxes and the divergence of ocean heat transport, the latter of which is dominated by the oceanic flux through the southern face of the study area. Lagrangian trajectories initialized along the southern face and run backward in time indicate that interannual variability in the subtropical‐origin volume flux (i.e., the upper limb of the overturning circulation) drives variability in the temperature flux through the southern face. As such, the heat carried by the imported subtropical waters is an important component of the eastern subpolar gyre heat budget on interannual time scales.
Revisiting Pan Evaporation Trends in Australia a Decade on
Authors: Stephens Clare M. , McVicar Tim R. , Johnson Fiona M. , Marshall Lucy A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDecreases in pan evaporation (Epan) have been reported around the world despite increasing air temperatures; this was attributed to reductions in wind speed and solar radiation. Using 42 years (1975–2016) of Australian Epan data, we reexamined Epan trends, adding over a decade of observations to previous analyses. Flexible local linear regression models showed that many previously reported decreasing Epan trends have plateaued or reversed. Attribution analysis confirmed that 1975–1994 Epan decreases in southern/western Australia were chiefly driven by decreasing wind speeds. Increasing vapor pressure deficit subsequently became dominant, resulting in 1994–2016 Epan increases. Climate trend analyses should consider applying flexible statistical models to qualitatively understand temporal dynamics, complementing linear models that are able to provide quantitative assessments, especially when multiple drivers are involved.
Ash Particles Detected in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Jensen Eric J. , Woods Sarah , Lawson R. Paul , Bui T. Paul , Pfister Leonhard , Thornberry Troy Dean , Rollins Andrew W. , Vernier Jean‐Paul , Pan Laura L. , Honomichl Shawn , Toon Owen Brian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report here on measurements of relatively large (up to ≃5‐μm maximum dimension) particles detected in the tropical western Pacific lower stratosphere. The particles were observed at low relative humidities and contain no detectable ice mass. We conclude that these particles are silicate ash injected by the Mount Kelud eruption in Indonesia a few weeks prior to the aircraft observations. The Kelud ash particles were detected by cloud probes on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Hawk between the lapse rate tropopause (≃16.5 km) and the aircraft ceiling (18.5 km). The ash particles detected in the lowermost stratosphere by the aircraft extended well into the northern subtropics. The concentration of ash particles dropped off rapidly below the lapse rate tropopause, presumably because of rapid removal by ice nucleation scavenging. Although ash particles are very effective ice nuclei, the low particle concentrations detected in the upper troposphere precludes a significant impact on cirrus clouds.
Determining the Shortwave Radiative Flux From Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera
Authors: Su Wenying , Liang Lusheng , Doelling David R. , Minnis Patrick , Duda David P. , Khlopenkov Konstantin , Thieman Mandana M. , Loeb Norman G. , Kato Seiji , Valero Francisco P. J. , Wang Hailan , Rose Fred G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard Deep Space Climate Observatory provides 10 narrowband spectral images of the sunlit side of the Earth. The blue (443 nm), green (551 nm), and red (680 nm) channels are used to derive EPIC broadband radiances based upon narrowband‐to‐broadband regressions developed using collocated MODIS equivalent channels and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) broadband measurements. The pixel‐level EPIC broadband radiances are averaged to provide global daytime means at all applicable EPIC times. They are converted to global daytime mean shortwave (SW) fluxes by accounting for the anisotropy characteristics using a cloud property composite based on lower Earth orbiting satellite imager retrievals and the CERES angular distribution models (ADMs). Global daytime mean SW fluxes show strong diurnal variations with daily maximum‐minimum differences as great as 20 W/m2 depending on the conditions of the sunlit portion of the Earth. The EPIC SW fluxes are compared against the CERES SYN1deg hourly SW fluxes. The global monthly mean differences (EPIC‐SYN) between them range from 0.1 W/m2 in July to −4.1 W/m2 in January, and the RMS errors range from 3.2 to 5.2 W/m2. Daily mean EPIC and SYN fluxes calculated using concurrent hours agree with each other to within 2% and both show a strong annual cycle. The SW flux agreement is within the calibration and algorithm uncertainties, which indicates that the method developed to calculate the global anisotropic factors from the CERES ADMs is robust and that the CERES ADMs accurately account for the Earth's anisotropy in the near‐backscatter direction.
The Impact of Magnetic Field Temporal Sampling on Modeled Surface Electric Fields
Authors: Grawe Matthew A. , Makela Jonathan J. , Butala Mark D. , Kamalabadi Farzad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDescriptions of the surface magnetic‐to‐electric field relationship, using magnetotelluric impedance tensors, have seen refinement in recent years. Correspondingly, models of geomagnetically induced currents flowing in power line conductors using input from more fundamental observables (e.g., the surface magnetic field or solar wind drivers) have become more sophisticated. Magnetometer data used for purposes of surface electric field modeling typically have cadences between 1 s and 1 min. Using 1‐D and 3‐D magnetotelluric impedance tensors, we quantify the effect of magnetometer cadence on modeled peak surface electric fields during the 22 June 2015, 17 March 2015, and 2 October 2013 geomagnetic storms. It is shown that 1‐min magnetometer data sampling leads to median biases in the peak electric field of 10–20% magnitude attenuation and 2–17° in direction (depending on the storm) across the United States using the Fernberg 1‐D conductivity models and 11–26% (0.9–8° ) using the 3‐D impedance tensors derived from the USArray magnetotelluric survey. The largest 10% of attenuations almost entirely occur near low‐resistivity subsurface structures in the western and eastern United States, reaching a 50% median attenuation during the 17 March 2015 event. It is concluded that cadence, local geology, and the spectral content of the geomagnetic field all play a significant role in the bias.
The Ground‐Level Enhancement Event of September 2017 and Other Large Solar Energetic Particle Events of Cycle 24
Authors: Cohen C. M. S. , Mewaldt R. A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 10 September 2017 solar energetic particle (SEP) event was the largest since June 2015 and one of only two ground‐level enhancement (GLE) events of solar cycle 24. GLE events are subset of large SEP events (~15% of events identified by Space Weather Prediction Center) with particularly hard spectra, making them a substantial space weather hazard to space‐based instrumentation and exposed astronauts. We present analysis of the 10 September 2017 event and compare it to the other cycle 24 GLE events, to those of cycle 23, and also to two extreme SEP events observed by Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO). We find the 10 September 2017 event had a broken power law spectrum typical of GLE events but was softer than average at high energies. However, it was hard at low energies with a relatively high break energy, which led to 100‐MeV proton fluences within a factor of 4.5 of the largest cycle 23 GLE events. The composition was nominal, except for a low Fe/O ratio, which has also been seen in large SEP events this cycle, but is somewhat atypical of the cycle 23 GLE events. The extreme events seen by STEREO exhibited very hard high‐energy spectra, with one event producing ~80‐MeV proton fluences larger than the largest cycle 23 GLE event. However, even including STEREO events, the top 10 largest cycle 24 events are, on average, 2.4 times smaller than the top 10 of cycle 23 based on >10‐MeV proton fluences.
Loss of complex O-glycosylation impairs exocrine pancreatic function and induces MODY8-like diabetes in mice
Authors: Wolters-Eisfeld Gerrit , Mercanoglu Baris , Hofmann Bianca T. , Wolpers Thomas , Schnabel Claudia , Harder Sönke , Steffen Pascal , Bachmann Kai , Steglich Babett , Schrader Jörg , Gagliani Nicola , Schlüter Hartmut , Güngör Cenap , Izbicki Jakob R. , Wagener Christoph , Bockhorn Maximilian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCosmc is ubiquitously expressed and acts as a specific molecular chaperone assisting the folding and stability of core 1 synthase. Thus, it plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of O-linked glycosylation of proteins. Here, we show that ablation of Cosmc in the exocrine pancreas of mice causes expression of truncated O-glycans (Tn antigen), resulting in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with decreased activities of digestive enzymes and diabetes. To understand the molecular causes of the pleiotropic phenotype, we used Vicia villosa agglutinin to enrich Tn antigen-modified proteins from Cosmc-KO pancreatic lysates and performed a proteomic analysis. Interestingly, a variety of proteins were identified, of which bile salt-activated lipase (also denoted carboxyl-ester lipase, Cel) was the most abundant. In humans, frameshift mutations in CEL cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 8 (MODY8), a monogenic syndrome of diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction. Here, we provide data suggesting that differentially O-glycosylated Cel could negatively affect beta cell function. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of correct O-glycan formation for normal exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, implying that aberrant O-glycans might be relevant for pathogenic mechanisms of the pancreas.
Demethylzeylasteral inhibits glioma growth by regulating the miR-30e-5p/MYBL2 axis
Authors: Zhang Kui , Fu Gang , Pan Guangzhao , Li Chongyang , Shen Li , Hu Renjian , Zhu Shunqin , Chen Yibiao , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlioma is the most common and malignant form of primary brain tumour, and is characterised by high proliferation and extensive invasion and neurological destruction. Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), which is extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii, is considered to have immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. Here, the anti-tumour effect of T-96 on glioma was evaluated. Our results demonstrated that T-96 significantly inhibited glioma cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase but did not induce apoptosis. Cell invasion and migration were dramatically suppressed after treatment with T-96. Almost all genes related to cell cycle and DNA replication were downregulated after treatment with T-96. Our results showed that miR-30e-5p was noticeably upregulated after T-96 treatment, and MYBL2, which is involved in cell cycle progression and is a target gene of miR-30e-5p, was significantly reduced in synchrony. Overexpression of MYBL2 partially rescued the T-96-induced inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, a miR-30e-5p antagomir significantly reduced the upregulation of miR-30e-5p expression induced by T-96, leading to recovery of MYBL2 expression, and partially rescued the T-96-induced inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. More important, T-96 effectively upregulated miR-30e-5p expression and downregulated MYBL2 expression, thus inhibiting LN-229 cell tumour growth in a mouse model. These results indicated that T-96 might inhibit glioma cell growth by regulating the miR-30e-5p/MYBL2 axis. Our study demonstrated that T-96 might act as a promising agent for malignant glioma therapy.