bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Museipedagogik och livslångt lärande
Authors: Palviainen Ritva 
Published: August 2018

The role of museum educationat a university of the Third AgeMuseum education is most often connected with the cooperation between museums, preschools and schools. The best known teaching methods are traditional guided museum visits and workshops. Museum education is often considered as a supplement to exhibitions. Museums have much more to give. Museums have the expertise of their personnel, their collections, archives, publications and research, which reach outside the museum walls to the culcural landscape, builc environment, sites and monuments - to everyone's everyday experience. All these offer diverse alternatives for many different ways of teaching and for life-long learning. Museum education is, indeed, for all and museums should have the competence to handle and offer adult education too.
Museum buildings and their functions
Authors: Enerstvedt Åse 
Published: August 2018

The most beautiful museum building in Scotland - perhaps even in the world - was opened in Edinburgh at the end of 1998. The exterior is breathtaking - marble and sandstone in shades of pale rose and yellow, with a smooth surface that challenges the tactile sense of the passers-by. The Museum of Scotland is situated in a busy street, surrounded by important historical buildings. A modern building on this site could be a disaster; but though the museum is extremely modern in style, it harmonizes to the extent that it is experienced as a natural part of the existing architecture in the surrounding streets.
Notiser
Authors: Ågren Per-Uno , Vilkuna Janne , Bergdahl Ewa , Gjestrum John Aage 
Published: August 2018

Marja-Liisa Rönkkö. Louvren ja Louisianan perilliset - Suomalainen taidemuseoPeter Davis: Ecomuseums - A sense of place Ingrid Bergman, Artur Hazelius. Nordiska Museets och Skansens skapare Upptackargladje! Om museipedagogikEva Silven & Maths Isacson (red.) Industriarvet i samtiden Helka Ketonen (ed.), Nykytaiteen Keraamisesta/Collecting Contemporary ArtMål og mening i museumshverdagen. Sjølevalueringsopplegg for plan og utviklingsarbeid i museene
How to manage collections? – The problem of management of collections in Tampere Museums
Authors: Palo-oja Ritva , Willberg Leena 
Published: August 2018

What do you do, when collections include 200,000 objects, and only half of them are within the management system? What do you do with objects that have been damaged by fire or in transfers between collections? These questions prompted the collection management team of Tampere Museums to develop a value classification system in 1994. This system has been applied since, and has proved to be a practical tool for collection management. The system has already been refined through experience. We hope that this article will provoke discussion and motivate museums to develop common collection management methods.
The phenomenon of cultural heritage and the definition of a unit of material
Authors: Maroevic Ivo 
Published: August 2018

Cultural heritage is a complex matter. To use a very concise definition, it is the value of the past that we distinguish in the present in order to be able to preserve it for the future. Through the varying course of the present it constantly transmits the experiences and the messages of past times, forever expanding human knowledge about them. The theoretical formulation of cultural heritage goes back a long way but in the modern sense began to be defined and directed towards conservation in the period of romanticism, in the mid-19th century, when a clearly focused interest in the past was one of the major features of the contemporary world-view.
Pugge kritisk tenkning? Om religionskritikk i lærebøker for KRLE
Authors: Hatlebrekke Kristin 
Published: August 2018

Artikkelen undersøker kapittelet om religionskritikk i to læreverk for KRLE. Analysen gjelder kritikkens innhold. I forlengelsen av dette drøfter artikkelen på hvilken måte og i hvilken grad læreboktekstene er transparente for elevene slik at de blir oppmerksomme på kritikkens avsender og videre kontekst.Nøkkelord: Religionskritikk, lærebokanalyse. The article examines the chapter concerning critique of religion in two KRLE school books. The analysis concentrates on the subject content. In addition, the article examines in which way and to what extent the school book texts are well presented for the students so that they can easily understand who has written the critique and the wider context of the article.Key words: Critique of religion, textbook analysis
High Performance Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Monitoring Cardiac Action Potential
Authors: Liang Yuanying , Ernst Mathis , Brings Fabian , Kireev Dmitry , Maybeck Vanessa , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mayer Dirk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFlexible and transparent electronic devices possess crucial advantages over conventional silicon based systems for bioelectronic applications since they are able to adapt to nonplanar surfaces, cause less chronic immunoreactivity, and facilitate easy optical inspection. Here, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are embedded in a flexible matrix of polyimide to record cardiac action potentials. The wafer‐scale fabricated devices exhibit transconductances (12 mS V−1) and drain–source on‐to‐off current ratios (≈105) comparable to state of the art nonflexible and superior to other reported flexible OECTs. The transfer characteristics of the devices are preserved even after experiencing extremely high bending strain and harsh crumpling. A sub‐micrometer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) layer results in a fast transport of ions between the electrolyte and the polymer channel characterized by a cut‐off frequency of 1200 Hz. Excellent device performance is proved by mapping the propagation of cardiac action potentials with high signal‐to‐noise ratio. These results demonstrate that the electrical performance of flexible OECTs can compete with hard‐material‐based OECTs and thus potentially be used for in vivo applications.
Stereoselective Solid‐State Synthesis of Substituted Cyclobutanes Assisted by Pseudorotaxane‐like MOFs
Authors: Hu Fei‐Long , Mi Yan , Zhu Chen , Abrahams Brendan F. , Braunstein Pierre , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRegioselective photodimerization of trans‐4‐styrylpyridine (4‐spy) derivatives is performed using pseudorotaxane‐like Zn‐based metal organic frameworks MOFs as templates. The formation of rctt‐HT (head‐to‐tail) dimers is achieved by confining pairs of coordinated 4‐spy derivative ligands within hexagonal windows and then irradiating them with UV light. It is also possible to achieve a photodimerization reaction where two different substituted 4‐spy ligands are included in such a MOF material. The ether bond formation is employed to protect the sensitive ‐OH group of HO‐spy and the methyl group of CH3O‐spy is subsequently removed after the formation of cyclobutane derivative in the CH3O‐spy‐based MOF. Introducing substituents at the 2‐ or 3‐position of the phenyl group of 4‐spy does not significantly affect the rate of the dimerization process except in the case of the strongly electron‐withdrawing nitro group where the rate is significantly decreased. These results are in striking contrast to the mixtures of photoproducts and low yields obtained by untemplated photodimerization in organic solvents.
Enzymatic Amide Tailoring Promotes Retro‐Aldol Amino Acid Conversion To Form the Antifungal Agent Aspirochlorine
Authors: Tsunematsu Yuta , Maeda Naoya , Yokoyama Mamoru , Chankhamjon Pranatchareeya , Watanabe Kenji , Scherlach Kirstin , Hertweck Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAspirochlorine is an unusual antifungal cyclopeptide produced by Aspergillus oryzae, an important mold used for food fermentation. Whereas its structure suggested that a non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase assembles the cyclopeptide from phenylalanine and glycine building blocks, labeling studies indicated that one Phe moiety is transformed into Gly after peptide formation. By means of genetic engineering, heterologous expression, biotransformations, and in vitro assays, we dissected and reconstituted four crucial steps in aspirochlorine biosynthesis, which involve two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, (AclL and AclO), a methyltransferase (AclU), and a halogenase (AclH). We found that the installation of the N‐methoxylation of the peptide bond sets the stage for a retro‐aldol reaction that leads to the Phe‐to‐Gly conversion. The substrate scopes of the dedicated enzymes as well as bioassays revealed that the peptide editing has evolved to optimize the antifungal action of the natural product.
Simultaneous ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of four antihypertensive drugs in human plasma using hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced reversed‐phase sorbents sample preparation protocol
Authors: Mahrouse Marianne A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors has a great impact on blood pressure control in patients with heart failure and hepatic and renal impairment. To provide an efficient tool for drug assessment in plasma, a UPLC–MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of benazepril hydrochloride, fosinopril sodium, captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma samples. Solid phase extraction was applied for sample preparation using OASIS® hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced reversed‐phase sorbents cartridges. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Agilent SB‐C18 column and methanol–0.1% formic acid in water (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase, at flow rate 0.3 mL/min. Detection was accomplished using a tandem mass spectrometer. The method was validated according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. It showed good linearity over concentration ranges 5–400 ng/mL for benazepril hydrochloride, fosinopril sodium and hydrochlorothiazide and 100–3500 ng/mL for captopril. CV% values were <13.92% whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 94.50 to 113.82% for quality control samples and their extraction recoveries ranged from 90.60 to 99.38%. In conclusion, the present study revealed method selectivity and sensitivity; it can be applied for estimation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma for dose adjustment and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Pyrrole‐Based Zwitterionic π‐Electronic Systems That Form Self‐Assembled Dimers
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Okubo Takayuki , Haketa Yohei , Yasuda Nobuhiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPyrrole‐based zwitterionic π‐electronic systems including a phenylcarboxylate (benzoate) anionic site and an N‐methyl pyridinium cation unit were synthesized. Spectroscopic and theoretical examinations revealed the intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions of the pyrrole NH group and the 3‐pyridinium and 3‐benzoate ortho‐CH moieties of zwitterions with a carboxylate anion to form self‐assembled dimers. The self‐assembled dimers were found to exist in equilibrium with the corresponding monomers in DMSO, whose dimerization ability was examined by concentration‐dependent measurements.
No pancreatic safety concern following glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist therapies: A pooled analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Liu Ye , Tian Qing , Yang Jin , Wang Haining , Hong Tianpei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsEvidence on the pancreatic safety of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist therapy has been limited. The objective of the study was to investigate this issue by pooling data on the incidence of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer from four large‐scale cardiovascular outcome trials of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists.Materials and methodsData were extracted from four published cardiovascular outcome trials of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes, and pooled analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer associated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist treatment. Peto OR with 95% CI was used for risk evaluation.ResultsThe four cardiovascular outcome trials enrolled a total of 33 457 patients with type 2 diabetes and reported 123 patients with acute pancreatitis and 70 patients with pancreatic cancer during the median follow‐ups of 2.1 to 3.8 years. There was no increased risk of either acute pancreatitis (Peto OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.63, 1.27]) or pancreatic cancer (Peto OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.53, 1.35]) associated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists compared with placebo when added to standard care.ConclusionsCombined analysis of the four cardiovascular outcome trials showed that treatment with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists was not associated with an increased risk of either acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our new analysis further supports the previously reported results.
Predicting climate types for the Continental United States using unsupervised clustering techniques
Authors: Sathiaraj D. , Huang X. , Chen J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe problem of clustering climate data observation sites and grouping them by their climate types is considered. Machine learning–based clustering algorithms are used in analyzing climate data time series from more than 3,000 climate observation sites in the United States, with the objective of classifying climate type for regions across the United States. Understanding the climate type of a region has applications in public health, environment, actuarial science, insurance, agriculture, and engineering.In this study, daily climate data measurements for temperature and precipitation from the time period 1946–2015 have been used. The daily data observations were grouped into three derived data sets: a monthly data set (daily data aggregated by month), an annual data set (daily data aggregated by year), and a threshold exceeding frequency data set (threshold exceeding frequency provides the frequency of occurrence of certain climate extremes). Three existing clustering algorithms from the literature, namely, k‐means, density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise, and balanced iterative reducing and clustering using hierarchies, were each applied to cluster each of the data sets, and the resulting clusters were assessed using standardized clustering indices. The results from these unsupervised learning techniques revealed the suitability and applicability of these algorithms in the climate domain. The clusters identified by these techniques were also compared with existing climate classification types such as the Köppen classification system. Additionally, the work also developed an interactive web and map‐based data visualization system that uses efficient big data management techniques to provide clustering solutions in real time and to display the results of the clustering analysis.
Design of experiments for the optimization of electrospray ionization in the LC‐MS/MS analysis of ciguatoxins
Authors: Moreiras Guillermo , Leão José Manuel , Gago‐Martínez Ana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLiquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is being widely applied as an analytical tool in the field of marine biotoxins both for regulated and for new and emerging compounds. LC‐MS/MS recently became the reference method for the control of lipophilic toxins in the European Union, and new methods are being developed and optimized to extend the applicability of this technique to other toxin groups. In this work, conditions for the analysis of ciguatoxins (CTXs) by LC‐MS/MS were investigated using standard solutions of CTX1B and CTX3C, which are structurally representative compounds for the rest of the main congeners of Pacific group toxins (P‐CTXs). Preliminary studies were carried out for the selection of precursor and product ions used for multiple reaction monitoring. Two transitions based on the chemical structures of CTXs were set up, and mass spectrometer parameters were adjusted for selected reactions monitored. The electrospray ionization source has been carefully optimized through a design of experiments that consisted of a two‐level fractional factorial design of resolution IV for the screening of adequate source conditions and of response surface designs for optimization of the main interactions between factors. The statistical approach allowed maximizing the sensitivity on the MS analyzer that provides a good specificity in P‐CTX detection, which can be also used for confirmation purposes.
High concentration chlorophyll a rings associated with the formation of intrathermocline eddies
Authors: Lee Dongkyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh concentration chlorophyll a (Chl a) rings formed around anticyclones have been observed frequently in the Japan/East Sea. To study their formation, an anticyclone to intrathermocline eddy (ITE) transformation is examined using hydrographic observations, remotely sensed Chl a, sea level anomaly fields, and sea surface temperature images in the Japan/East Sea. Due to the winter cooling up to March, a cold homogeneous layer forms inside the anticyclone. In April, the East Korean Warm Current from the south merges with the anticyclone and encircles the clockwise‐rotating anticyclone. The wrapping warm current generates a geostrophic flow opposite to the clockwise direction of the anticyclone and effectively decelerates it. The geostrophic flow weakens along the periphery of the eddy as the warm current gradually cools down through horizontal mixing, resulting in an accelerating anticyclonic current around the transformed ITE. A high Chl a concentration area in the form of a ring forms around the ITE along the accelerating, thus horizontally divergent surface flow. The divergence around the ITE continues throughout the summer above the submerged homogeneous lens under the stratified surface layer. Based on observations, it is shown that the accelerating surface flow induced through the anticyclone‐to‐ITE transformation process causes an upward transport of nutrients, enhancing the Chl a concentration around the ITE.
Helicoidal flat surfaces in the 3‐sphere
Authors: Manfio Fernando , dos Santos João Paulo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, helicoidal flat surfaces in the 3‐dimensional sphere are considered. A complete classification of such surfaces, that generalizes a classification of rotational flat surfaces, is given in terms of the first and second fundamental forms for asymptotic parameters. The result consists in a relation between helicoidal flat surfaces and linear solutions of the corresponding homogeneous wave equation for the angle function.
The fundamentals of uroflowmetry practice, based on International Continence Society good urodynamic practices recommendations
Authors: Gammie Andrew , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo review the recommendations on uroflowmetry in the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardization documents in order to identify a systematic approach to the delivery and interpretation of free flow rate testing in clinical practice.MethodsExpectations of service and good practice in uroflowmetry described in the ICS standards on Urodynamic Practice, Urodynamic Equipment, and Terminology for Lower Urinary Tract Function were identified and summarized.ResultsUrodynamic centers should provide a suitable uroflowmetry testing environment. Equipment should be calibrated and maintained according to manufacturer requirements. Patients should be well‐informed in advance of the test. They should be advised to avoid: knocking the machine; allowing the stream to move; squeezing the urethra; and body movements. It is generally appropriate to get more than one flow trace for each patient. Voided volume should be representative for the patient, for example by comparing with values recorded on a Bladder Diary. Post void residual (PVR) should be measured soon after testing. After the test, the urodynamicist should review the trace and ensure maximum flow rate and end of micturition are correctly identified in case the equipment has inappropriately taken the values from a trace artefact.ConclusionsThe summary provides a systematic approach to ensure a representative, high quality, non‐invasive flow test is carried out for individual patients.
Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors' memory and future thinking processes place them at risk for poor mental health
Authors: Sansom‐Daly Ursula M. , Wakefield Claire E. , Robertson Eden G. , McGill Brittany C. , Wilson Helen L. , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveIdentity formation is a key developmental milestone for adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Autobiographical memory and future‐thinking are crucial cognitive processes underpinning this, which may be impacted by cancer experiences. We know little about how these processes might be related to AYAs' adjustment to cancer, quality of life (QoL), and mental health outcomes.MethodsWe examined autobiographical memory and future‐thinking processes, and their relationship with mental health outcomes, among 77 AYA cancer survivors (Mage = 22.3 years, 59.7% female), compared with 62 community‐based controls (Mage = 23.3 years, 50% female). Participants completed the Life Narratives Interview, Future Imaginings Task, measures assessing depression, anxiety, QoL, and cancer‐related identity. We coded two facets of autobiographical thinking: thematic content and specificity.ResultsRelative to controls, survivors recounted more negative life narratives (P = .000). Survivors' memories and future lives were more health/illness‐focused (P = .000) and they remembered past events with greater specificity (P = .007) than controls. In contrast, survivors imagined their future lives with less specificity than controls (P = .000). Regression analyses highlighted that being female, greater identification as a “cancer survivor,” worse depression, and recent cancer treatment‐completion significantly predicted maladaptive autobiographical thinking processes.ConclusionsThese findings point to key modifiable cognitive processes relevant to AYAs' cancer‐related adjustment and future mental health. To bolster resilience into longer‐term survivorship, clinicians could adapt existing evidence‐based, cognitive‐behavioural interventions to assist AYAs to imagine future events in greater detail.