bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress with uterine health in dairy cows with different dry period lengths1
Authors: Mayasari Novi , Trevisi Erminio , Ferrari Annarita , Kemp Bas , Parmentier Henk K , van Knegsel Ariette T M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Earlier studies indicated that the inflammatory status of dairy cows in early lactation could not be fully explained by the negative energy balance (NEB) at that moment. The objective of the present study was to determine relationships between inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress with uterine health in dairy cows after different dry period lengths. Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were assigned to one of three dry period lengths (0-, 30-, or 60-d) and one of two early lactation rations (glucogenic or lipogenic ration). Cows were fed either a glucogenic or lipogenic ration from 10-d before the expected calving date. Part of the cows which were planned for a 0-d dry period dried themselves off and were attributed to a new group (0 → 30-d dry period), which resulted in total in four dry period groups. Blood was collected (N = 110 cows) in weeks −3, −2, −1, 1, 2, and 4 relative to calving to determine biomarkers for inflammation, liver function, and oxidative stress. Uterine health status (UHS) was monitored by scoring vaginal discharge (VD) based on a 4-point scoring system (0, 1, 2, or 3) in weeks 2 and 3 after calving. Cows were classified as having a healthy uterine environment (HU, VD score = 0 or 1 in both weeks 2 and 3), nonrecovering uterine environment (NRU, VD score = 2 or 3 in week 3), or a recovering uterine environment (RU, VD score = 2 or 3 in week 2 and VD score= 0 or 1 in week 3). Independent of dry period length, cows with NRU had higher plasma haptoglobin (P = 0.05) and lower paraoxonase levels (P &lt; 0.01) in the first 4 weeks after calving and lower liver functionality index (P &lt; 0.01) compared with cows with HU. Cows with NRU had lower plasma albumin (P = 0.02) and creatinine (P = 0.02) compared with cows with a RU, but not compared with cows with HU. Independent of UHS, cows with a 0 → 30-d dry period had higher bilirubin levels compared with cows with 0-, 30-, or 60-d dry period (P &lt; 0.01). Cows with RU and fed a lipogenic ration had higher levels of albumin in plasma compared with cows with NRU and fed a lipogenic ration (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, uterine health was related to biomarkers for inflammation (haptoglobin and albumin) and paraoxonase in dairy cows in early lactation. Cows which were planned for a 0-d dry period, but dried themselves off (0 → 30-d dry period group) had higher bilirubin levels, which was possibly related to a more severe NEB in these cows. Inflammatory biomarkers in dairy cows in early lactation were related to uterine health in this period.
Monensin and mineral supplementation economically increase yearling cattle weight gain on California annual rangeland
Authors: Forero Larry C , Davy Josh S , McMurry Bryan E , Oltjen James W 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStocker operators generally graze cattle on California annual rangelands from November to May. The profit margins of these operators is low as cattle sell for less per unit at the end of the season when compared with the beginning. This creates a need for methods to economically increase weight gain, which can help to mitigate market volatility. The use of monensin is common in much of the United States but has not been researched in the unique winter annual rangelands of California. Likewise, research that formally documents weight gain from the correction of selenium deficiency on these rangelands is also lacking. Trials were conducted over 2 years to determine weight gain differences with treatments of salt only (control), salt with monensin, mineral supplement, and mineral supplement with monensin. All three treatments increased weight gain by 12%, 9%, and 15% over feeding straight salt, respectively. It appears that selenium deficiency correction and supplemental monensin should be considered economical weight gain improvement tools for yearling cattle grazing California annual rangeland.
The impact of blockchain technologies and smart contracts on dispute resolution: arbitration and court litigation at the crossroads
Authors: Ortolani Pietro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article investigates the twofold impact that blockchain technologies and smart contracts have on dispute resolution. On the one hand, these technologies enable private parties to devise arbitral systems that are self-enforcing and, therefore, largely bypass the recognition and enforcement procedures through which State courts traditionally exert a certain control over arbitration. This phenomenon may in the future allow arbitration to become entirely self-sufficient, thus leading to the marginalization of State courts. On the other hand, however, such a marginalization has not taken place yet; to the contrary, the recent blockchain-related phenomenon of initial coin offerings has given rise to some prominent court cases. These cases raise particularly interesting jurisdictional questions, especially in light of the difficulty of reconciling the decentralized nature of the blockchain with the territorial approach whereby jurisdiction is typically allocated among national courts.
Student-Novice Nurse Preparation: Addressing Barriers in Discharge Teaching
Authors: Chidume Tiffani , Pass-Ivy Sherry 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this article was to assess how and to what degree nursing students are prepared for patient discharge teaching (DT).

BACKGROUND
The process of discharging patients has become more complex. Despite the expectation that nursing students will be competent in providing effective DT upon graduation, the preparation of new graduates is a problem for hospitals.

METHOD
A review of the literature was conducted.

REVIEW
The review showed that novice nurses enter the workforce unprepared to provide adequate DT due to limited communication and limited time during their education, which led to low confidence and limited knowledge.

CONCLUSION
Methods to overcome current barriers in DT, including simulation practices, the teach-back method, dedicated education units, collaborative efforts, discharge checklists, and health literacy identification, are presented as recommendations for nursing education.
New phenotypes in hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Lee Youngsoo , Shin Yoo Seob , Park Hae-Sim 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the medical field, and hypersensitivity to NSAID is a common adverse drug reaction encountered. However, NSAID hypersensitivity presents a variety of symptoms caused by diverse pharmacological and immunological mechanisms.

Recent findings
Owing to the heterogeneity of the disease, a new concept for the classification of NSAID hypersensitivity has recently been proposed to diagnose and manage NSAID hypersensitivity for personalized treatment. Acute and delayed reactions were distinguished in this classification, and identification of symptoms and speculation of putative mechanisms help physicians make the right diagnosis. NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease is a noticeable phenotype of NSAID hypersensitivity that involves upper airway comorbidities (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps) as well as asthmatic features. The cutaneous phenotypes of NSAID hypersensitivity occur, and cross-reactivity with other types of NSAID should be considered in establishing a proper diagnosis. Hypersensitivity to a single NSAID can present urticaria/angioedema and anaphylaxis, in which an IgE-mediated immune response is suggested to be a prime mechanism. Management of NSAID hypersensitivity reactions includes avoidance, pharmacological treatment following standard guidelines, and aspirin desensitization.

Summary
The classification, diagnosis, and management of NSAID hypersensitivity should be individually reached by identifying its phenotype.
Microbiome and skin biology
Authors: Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Hlela Carol , O’Mahony Liam 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
The skin is home to a diverse milieu of bacteria, fungi, viruses, bacteriophages, and archaeal communities. The application of culture-independent approaches has revolutionized the characterization of the skin microbiome and have revealed a previously underappreciated phylogenetic and functional granularity of skin-associated microbes in both health and disease states.

Recent findings
The physiology of a given skin-niche drives the site-specific differences in bacterial phyla composition of healthy skin. Changes in the skin microbiome have consistently been associated with atopic dermatitis. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus overgrowth with concomitant decline in Staphylococcus epidermidis is a general feature associated with atopic dermatitis and is not restricted to eczematous lesions. Changes in fungal species are now also being described. Changes in the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota are associated with skin health.

Summary
We are now beginning to appreciate the intimate and intricate interactions between microbes and skin health. Multiple studies are currently focused on the manipulation of the skin or gut microbiome to explore their therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of skin inflammation.
Association Between Critical Care Admissions and Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults*
Authors: Schulte Phillip J. , Warner David O. , Martin David P. , Deljou Atousa , Mielke Michelle M. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Weingarten Toby N. , Warner Matthew A. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Sprung Juraj 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
Patients requiring admission to an ICU may subsequently experience cognitive decline. Our objective was to investigate longitudinal cognitive trajectories in older adults hospitalized in ICUs. We hypothesized that individuals hospitalized for critical illness develop greater cognitive decline compared with those who do not require ICU admission.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected cognitive scores of participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and ICU admissions retrospectively ascertained from electronic medical records. A covariate-adjusted linear mixed effects model with random intercepts and slopes assessed the relationship between ICU admissions and the slope of global cognitive z scores and domains scores (memory, attention/executive, visuospatial, and language).

Setting:
ICU admissions and cognitive scores in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging from October 1, 2004, to September 11, 2017.

Patients:
Nondemented participants age 50 through 91 at enrollment in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging with an initial cognitive assessment and at least one follow-up visit.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 3,673 participants, 372 had at least one ICU admission with median (25–75th percentile) follow-up after first ICU admission of 2.5 years (1.2–4.4 yr). For global cognitive z score, admission to an ICU was associated with greater decline in scores over time compared with participants not requiring ICU admission (difference in annual slope = –0.028; 95% CI, –0.044 to –0.012; p < 0.001). ICU admission was associated with greater declines in memory (–0.029; 95% CI, –0.047 to –0.011; p = 0.002), attention/executive (–0.020; 95% CI, –0.037 to –0.004; p = 0.016), and visuospatial (–0.013; 95% CI, –0.026 to –0.001; p = 0.041) domains. ICU admissions with delirium were associated with greater declines in memory (interaction p = 0.006) and language (interaction p = 0.002) domains than ICU admissions without delirium.

Conclusions:
In older adults, ICU admission was associated with greater long-term cognitive decline compared with patients without ICU admission. These findings were more pronounced in those who develop delirium while in the ICU.
Corneal Perforation After Corneal Cross-Linking in Keratoconus Associated With Potentially Pathogenic ZNF469 Mutations
Authors: Zhang Wenlin , Margines J. Ben , Jacobs Deborah S. , Rabinowitz Yaron S. , Hanser Evelyn Maryam , Chauhan Tulika , Chung Doug , Bykhovskaya Yelena , Gaster Ronald N. , Aldave Anthony J. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral and repetitive corneal perforations after corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus in a woman harboring potentially pathogenic variants in the ZNF469 gene and to characterize the keratoconus phenotype in this woman and her daughter who shared the same ZNF469 mutations.

Methods:
Clinical characterization of the proband and her daughter followed by sequencing of the genes associated with brittle cornea syndrome, ZNF469 and PRDM5, in both individuals.

Results:
An Ashkenazi Jewish woman in her sixth decade presented with diffuse corneal thinning and progressive steepening consistent with keratoconus. After CXL, epithelium-off in the first eye and epithelium-on in the second, she developed spontaneous corneal perforations in each eye. Her daughter in her fourth decade demonstrated a similar pattern of diffuse corneal thinning and progressive corneal steepening but did not undergo CXL and did not develop corneal perforation. Screening of the ZNF469 and PRDM5 genes revealed 3 missense ZNF469 variants (c.2035G>A, c.10244G>C, and c.11119A>G) in cis arrangement on 1 allele of ZNF469 in both proband and her daughter. Although the 3 variants share low (<0.01) global minor allele frequencies, each has significantly higher minor allele frequencies (0.01–0.03) in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, leading to uncertainty regarding a pathogenic role for the identified variants.

Conclusions:
CXL may be associated with the development of corneal perforation in particular at-risk individuals with keratoconus. Identifying clinical and genetic risk factors, including screening of ZNF469 and PRDM5, may be useful in the prevention of significant complications after CXL.
Pain or nociception? Subjective experience mediates the effects of acute noxious heat on autonomic responses - corrected and republished
Authors: Mischkowski Dominik , Palacios-Barrios Esther E. , Banker Lauren , Dildine Troy C. , Atlas Lauren Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNociception reliably elicits an autonomic nervous system (ANS) response. Because pain and ANS circuitry interact on multiple spinal, subcortical, and cortical levels, it remains unclear whether autonomic responses are simply a reflexive product of noxious stimulation regardless of how stimulation is consciously perceived or whether the experience of pain mediates ANS responses to noxious stimulation. To test these alternative predictions, we examined the relative contribution of noxious stimulation and individual pain experience to ANS responses in healthy volunteers who underwent 1 or 2 pain assessment tasks. Participants received 8 seconds of thermal stimulation of varied temperatures and judged pain intensity on every trial. Skin conductance responses and pupil dilation responses to stimulation served as measures of the heat-evoked autonomic response. We used multilevel modelling to examine trial-by-trial relationships between heat, pain, and ANS response. Although both pain and noxious heat stimulation predicted skin conductance response and pupil dilation response in separate analyses, the individual pain experience statistically mediated effects of noxious heat on both outcomes. Furthermore, moderated mediation revealed that evidence for this process was stronger when stimulation was perceived as painful compared with when stimulation was perceived as nonpainful, although this difference emerged late, in the 4-second period after thermal stimulation. These findings suggest that pain appraisal regulates the heat-evoked autonomic response to noxious stimulation, documenting the flexibility of the autonomic pain response to adjust to perceived or actual changes in environmental affordances above and beyond nociceptive input.
Testing a positive-affect induction to reduce verbally induced nocebo hyperalgesia in an experimental pain paradigm
Authors: Geers Andrew L. , Close Shane , Caplandies Fawn C. , Vogel Charles L. , Murray Ashley B. , Pertiwi Yopina , Handley Ian M. , Vase Lene 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There is an ethical obligation to notify individuals about potential pain associated with diagnoses, treatments, and procedures; however, supplying this information risks inducing nocebo hyperalgesia. Currently, there are few empirically derived strategies for reducing nocebo hyperalgesia. Because nocebo effects are linked to negative affectivity, we tested the hypothesis that a positive-affect induction can disrupt nocebo hyperalgesia from verbal suggestion. Healthy volunteers (N = 147) were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 (affect induction: positive vs neutral) by 2 (verbal suggestion: no suggestion vs suggestion of pain increase) between-subjects design. Participants were induced to experience positive or neutral affect by watching movie clips for 15 minutes. Next, participants had an inert cream applied to their nondominant hand, and suggestion was manipulated by telling only half the participants the cream could increase the pain of the upcoming cold pressor test. Subsequently, all participants underwent the cold pressor test (8 ± 0.04°C), wherein they submerged the nondominant hand and rated pain intensity on numerical rating scales every 20 seconds up to 2 minutes. In the neutral-affect conditions, there was evidence for the nocebo hyperalgesia effect: participants given the suggestion of pain displayed greater pain than participants not receiving this suggestion, P's < 0.05. Demonstrating a blockage effect, nocebo hyperalgesia did not occur in the positive-affect conditions, P's > 0.5. This is the first study to show that positive affect may disrupt nocebo hyperalgesia thereby pointing to a novel strategy for decreasing nocebo effects without compromising the communication of medical information to patients in clinical settings.
Enteral vs. parenteral nutrition in septic shock: are they equivalent?
Authors: Kott Matthias , Hartl Wolfgang H. , Elke Gunnar 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
The current review focuses on recent clinical evidence and updated guideline recommendations on the effects of enteral vs. parenteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients with (septic) shock.

Recent findigs
The largest multicenter randomized-controlled trial showed that the route of nutrient supply was unimportant for 28-day and 90-day mortality, infectious morbidity and length of stay in mechanically ventilated patients with shock. The enteral route, however, was associated with lower macronutrient intake and significantly higher frequency of hypoglycemia and moderate-to-severe gastrointestinal complications. Integrating these findings into recent meta-analyses confirmed that the route per se has no effect on mortality and that interactions with (infectious) morbidity are inconsistent or questionable.

Summary
The strong paradigm of favoring the enteral over the parenteral route in critically ill patients has been challenged. As a consequence, updated guidelines recommend withholding enteral nutrition in patients with uncontrolled shock. It is still unclear, however, whether parenteral nutrition is advantageous in patients with shock although benefits are conceivable in light of less gastrointestinal complications. Thus far, no guideline has addressed indications for parenteral nutrition in these patients. By considering recent scientific evidence, specific guideline recommendations, and expert opinions, we present a clinical algorithm that may facilitate decision-making when feeding critically ill patients with shock.
Translating the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 guidelines into practice
Authors: Reintam Blaser Annika , Deane Adam M. , Starkopf Joel 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
To present a pragmatic approach to facilitate clinician's implementing the recent European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit.

Recent findings
The ESPEN guidelines include 54 recommendations with a rationale for each recommendation. All data published since 1 January 2000 was reviewed and 31 meta-analyses were performed to inform these guidelines. An important aspect of the most recent ESPEN guidelines is an attempt to separate periods of critical illness into discrete – early acute, late acute and recovery – phases, with each exhibiting different metabolic profiles and requiring different strategies for nutritional and metabolic support.

Summary
A pragmatic approach to incorporate the recent ESPEN guidelines into everyday clinical practice is provided.
The Effects of Fortification and Refrigerated Storage on Bioactive Proteins in Holder‐pasteurized Donor Human Milk
Authors: Schlotterer Hannah R. , Parvez Boriana , Perrin Maryanne T. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to assess the total protein, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) content of unfortified and fortified Holder‐pasteurized donor human milk (HPDHM) during 96 hours of refrigerated storage.Study Design:HPDHM was prepared in a hospital feeding room and subjected to treatment with 3 different fortifiers: an acidic, bovine‐based (F‐ACID), a neutral, bovine‐based, and a human milk–derived (F‐HUM) fortifier. Unfortified HPDHM served as the control (CONTROL). Samples were stored at 4°C, and every 24 hours, a 1‐mL aliquot was removed for analysis.Results:At baseline, there was a significant difference in protein (mean, standard deviation) concentration (g/dL) between control (1.3, 0.1) and all other treatments (F‐ACID = 2.0, 0.2; neutral, bovine‐derived fortifier = 2.2, 0.1; F‐HUM = 2.5, 0.1; P < 0.001). Lysozyme and IgA were significantly lower in the F‐ACID group (P < 0.001). Lysozyme and IgA were significantly higher in the F‐HUM group (P < 0.001). There was no significant effect of storage time (P > 0.9) for all dependent variables.Conclusion:The type of fortifier has a more significant impact on bioactive components in fortified HPDHM than does storage time. Our findings of lack of negative impact of refrigeration storage time on the protein and bioactive components of donor milk strengthen the recent recommendations to extend storage time to 48 hours.