bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartal klinisch manifeste alveoläre Echinokokkose bei einer Hündin
Authors: Gawda Natalia , Joekel Deborah 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung des Fuchsbandwurms Echinococcus multilocularis findet typischerweise im Fuchs (Endwirt) und in Wühlmäusen (Zwischenwirte) statt. Hunde können ebenfalls als Endwirte fungieren und selten ist der Hund Fehlwirt mit einer manifestierten alveolären Echinokokkose (AE) hauptsächlich in der Leber. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt eine klinisch manifeste AE bei einer 3-jährigen Hündin, die 5 Wochen post partum mit Inappetenz und Apathie vorgestellt wurde. Radiologisch waren weichteildichte, teilweise mineralisierte Umfangsvermehrungen zu befunden, die sich sonographisch als kavernös und flüssigkeitsgefüllt darstellten. Intra operationem zeigte sich eine multifokal generalisierte zystische Veränderung der Leber mit Metastasierung in das Omentum. Aufgrund der hochgradigen Veränderungen wurde die Hündin euthanasiert. Histopathologisch ließen sich neben der für E. multilocularis typischen Laminarschicht vereinzelnd Protoskolizes-Anschnitte darstellen. Die spezifische PCR zum Nachweis von E. multilocularis ergab einen positiven Befund. Nach bestem Wissen der Autorinnen ist bislang kein Fallbericht einer postpartal klinisch manifesten AE beim Hund beschrieben. Die Trächtigkeit könnte den progressiven Verlauf der Erkrankung begünstigt haben.
Waning Time of Maternally Derived Anti-Hepatitis A and Anti-Varicella Zoster Virus Antibodies
Authors: Duyan Camurdan Aysu , Beyazova Ufuk , Bozdayı Gulendam , Civil Fusun , Altay Kocak Aylin , Guzelkucuk Zeliha 
Published: January 2019

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the persistence of maternally derived antibodies to hepatitis A (anti-HAV) and varicella zoster (anti-VZV) viruses to determine the optimal time of vaccination of infants.
Materials and Methods This study was conducted between 2011 and 2012 at the Gazi University Hospital. Blood samples were collected from healthy infants' cord blood and at 12th, 18th, and 24th months of age. Anti-HAV and anti-VZV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in blood samples.
Results A total of 546 infants and children were included in the study; all had blood samples taken at four time points (at birth [cord blood], and at 12, 18, and 24 months). Anti-HAV IgG seropositivity rates in these samples were 77.3, 29.6, 14.8, and 17.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). Corresponding anti-VZV IgG seropositivity rates were 83.3, 21.5, 29.5, and 33.8%, respectively (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Anti-HAV and anti-VZV seropositivity rates were lowest at 18 and 12 months, respectively. We suggest that if VZV and hepatitis A vaccines were included in the national vaccination program after the age of 1 year, there should be little interference from passively acquired maternal antibodies.
Restoration of Constitutional Alignment in TKA with a Novel Osteotomy Technique
Authors: Wang Zhibing , Cheng Xingwang , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Xia , Zhou Yue 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany studies have shown that restoration of the preoperative constitutional varus may lead to a normal knee status in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is also known that coronal femoral lateral bowing contributes to constitutional varus of the femoral shaft, and bilateral femoral lateral bowing (BFLB) can decelerate medial knee osteoarthritis progression. In this sense, the BFLB should be reserved in TKA. To date, no study has yet reported the technique to reserve BFLB in TKA. Our study showed that the proximal and distal femur had no significant geometric difference between patients with varus knees and BFLB (> 5°) and volunteers with healthy knees and straight femoral shaft. So, the virtual center of femoral head fell on the distal femoral mechanical axis (DMA) after accurate correction of the bowing, indicating that the DMA should be the femoral original constitutional mechanical axis (CA). Subsequently, the distal femoral osteotomy was performed perpendicular to DMA in TKA, and the postoperative angle formed by DMA and tibial mechanical axis (TMA) was measured to assess whether CA was restored successfully. In this study, the gap balance was achieved without medial collateral ligaments release, and the patient's CA was successfully restored (range of DMA–TMA angle 178.2°–179.9°). This study provides a novel technique to restore preoperative CA in patients with varus knees and BFLB. It is found that the distal femur should be cut perpendicular to DMA, so the lower limb alignment and soft tissue strains can be restored to the preoperative state, and the knees would be stable and in a natural status after TKA.
Sepsis Biomarkers
Authors: Wong Hector 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSepsis-related biomarkers have a variety of potential applications. The most well-known application is to differentiate patients with signs of systemic inflammation caused by infection, from those with systemic inflammation due to a non-infectious cause. This application is important for timely and judicious prescription of antibiotics. Apart from diagnostic applications, biomarkers can also be used to identify patients with sepsis who are at risk for poor outcome and to subgroup patients with sepsis based on biological commonalities. The latter two applications embody the concepts of prognostic and predictive enrichment, which are fundamental to precision medicine. This review will elaborate on these concepts, provide relevant examples, and discuss important considerations in the process of biomarkers discovery and development.
Vitamin D Deficiency: A Treatable but Often Forgotten Cause of Motor Delay in Infants
Authors: Kakkar Shruti , Sahni Suhalika Singla , Kumar Ruchika , Goraya Jatinder Singh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an under-recognized cause of motor delays in infants and young children. Retrospective chart review identified 17 infants, 11 boys and 6 girls, aged between 7 and 27 months with motor delays attributable to vitamin D deficiency. Diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency was made on the basis of clinical, radiological, and biochemical findings. Presenting symptoms were delay in motor milestones in 14 and hypocalcemic seizures in 3. On physical examination, clinical signs of rickets were present in all. Neurological examination displayed hypotonia with retained tendon reflexes. Thirteen and ten infants, respectively, underwent radiographical and biochemical investigations, and all had abnormalities consistent with rickets. All infants were treated with 6,00,000 IU of vitamin D. Four infants were lost to follow-up. Rapid recovery of motor development was observed in remaining 13 infants. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of motor delays in infants and young children.
Hearing Preservation in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Saliba Joe , Friedman Rick , Cueva Roberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractModern imaging techniques allow early detection of small vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with minimal or no hearing impairment. While controversy surrounds the management of these tumors, given their benign nature and unpredictable natural history, microsurgical excision is the only modality that offers the opportunity to cure the tumor and preserve hearing. Hearing preservation in VS surgery may be accomplished via the middle fossa or retrosigmoid approaches. Appropriate patient selection and surgical approach is critical in achieving the best hearing outcomes. This article highlights the preoperative assessment, patient selection and prognostic factors, intraoperative monitoring of hearing, and surgical approaches to optimize hearing preservation during VS removal.
Selection and morphology of expletive subject clitics in northern Italian dialects
Authors: Ferrarotti Lorenzo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to sketch a morphological typology of 3sg expletive subject clitics (ESCs) in northern Italian dialects (NIDs). In order to show a variation greater than that reported in descriptive studies, a preliminary examination of the ESCs of some varieties of Piedmontese is made, with particular reference to the impersonal verbs sembra (‘it seems’) and bisogna (an impersonal only verb meaning ‘it is necessary’). Keeping the same focus, such a microvariational analysis is then extended to the whole of NIDs, seeking to draw up a morphological typology linked to syntax-semantic interface hypotheses. Lastly, some suggestions about a crosslinguistic comparison and some diachronic facts are presented.
Contact-induced phenomena in the Alps
Authors: Casalicchio Jan , Padovan Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The main question underlying this chapter is to what extent language contact can affect syntactic structure. To tackle this issue we examine two relevant phenomena found in two minority languages spoken in the region Trentino-Alto Adige/South Tyrol: clitic climbing in Dolomitic Ladin and the use of the Romance complementizer ke in Cimbrian. Both phenomena are usually considered as the result of a contact-induced change influenced by the neighbouring Italo-Romance varieties. However, it is shown that the rising of clitic climbing is a language-internal process which is only accelerated by the contact with Italian. Similarly, the lexical borrowing of the complementizer ke in Cimbrian does not entail that its syntactic properties are also borrowed.
Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Children in Senegal During a Year of Vaccine Mismatch: A Cluster-randomized Trial
Authors: Diallo Aldiouma , Diop Ousmane M , Diop Doudou , Niang Mbayame Nd , Sugimoto Jonathan D , Ortiz Justin R , Faye El hadji Abdourahmane , Diarra Bou , Goudiaby Deborah , Lewis Kristen D C , Emery Shannon L , Zangeneh Sahar Z , Lafond Kathryn E , Sokhna Cheikh , Halloran M Elizabeth , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Neuzil Kathleen M , Victor John C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The population effects of influenza vaccination in children have not been extensively studied, especially in tropical, developing countries. In rural Senegal, we assessed the total (primary objective) and indirect effectiveness of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3).

Methods
In this double-blind, cluster-randomized trial, villages were randomly allocated (1:1) for the high-coverage vaccination of children aged 6 months through 10 years with either the 2008–09 northern hemisphere IIV3 or an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Vaccinees were monitored for serious adverse events. All village residents, vaccinated and unvaccinated, were monitored for signs and symptoms of influenza illness using weekly home visits and surveillance in designated clinics. The primary outcome was all laboratory-confirmed symptomatic influenza.

Results
Between 23 May and 11 July 2009, 20 villages were randomized, and 66.5% of age-eligible children were enrolled (3918 in IIV3 villages and 3848 in IPV villages). Follow-up continued until 28 May 2010. There were 4 unrelated serious adverse events identified. Among vaccinees, the total effectiveness against illness caused by the seasonal influenza virus (presumed to all be drifted A/H3N2, based on antigenic characterization data) circulating at high rates among children was 43.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.6–60.9%). The indirect effectiveness against seasonal A/H3N2 was 15.4% (95% CI -22.0 to 41.3%). The total effectiveness against illness caused by the pandemic influenza virus (A/H1N1pdm09) was -52.1% (95% CI -177.2 to 16.6%).

Conclusions
IIV3 provided statistically significant, moderate protection to children in Senegal against circulating, pre-2010 seasonal influenza strains, but not against A/H1N1pdm09, which was not included in the vaccine. No indirect effects were measured. Further study in low-resource populations is warranted.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT00893906.
Characterization of γδ T Cells in Intestinal Mucosa From Patients With Early-Onset or Long-Standing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Correlation With Clinical Status
Authors: Lo Presti Elena , Di Mitri Roberto , Mocciaro Filippo , Di Stefano Anna Barbara , Scibetta Nunzia , Unti Elettra , Cicero Giuseppe , Pecoraro Giulia , Conte Elisabetta , Dieli Francesco , Meraviglia Serena 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsInflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the human gut with no clear aetiology. Traditionally, dysregulated adaptive immune responses play an important role even though accumulating evidence suggests a role also for innate immunity. Because of the well-known plasticity of γδ T cells, we investigated their percentage occurrence, phenotypic features and effector functions in the intestinal mucosa of early-onset and long-standing IBD patients, as compared to healthy subjects.MethodsFresh biopsies from 30 Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients were obtained and digested, and cells were analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsWe found a reduced frequency of Vδ1 T cells in tissue from early and late IBD patients (2.24% and 1.95%, respectively, vs 5.44% in healthy tissue) but an increased frequency of Vδ2 T cells in the gut of late IBD patients (3.19% in late patients vs 1.5% in early patients and 1.65% in healthy tissue). The infiltrating Vδ2 T cells had predominant effector memory and terminally differentiated phenotypes and produced elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-17 [IL-17]. The frequency of tissue Vδ2 T cells correlated with the extent of the inflammatory response and the severity of IBD.ConclusionOur study shows that tissue Vδ1 T cells are decreased in IBD patients while Vδ2 T cells are increased in the gut of IBD patients and contribute to TNF-α production. Moreover, we identify an as yet unappreciated role of Vδ2 T cells in IL-17 production in the gut of long-standing IBD patients, suggesting that they also participate in the chronic inflammatory process.
Does health literacy explain the link between structural stratifiers and adolescent health?
Authors: Paakkari Leena T , Torppa Minna P , Paakkari Olli-Pekka , Välimaa Raili S , Ojala Kristiina S A , Tynjälä Jorma A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The concept of health literacy (HL) may help us to better understand the mechanisms leading to health disparities, and to focus on the factors that can be influenced. However, not much is yet known about how HL is related to health disparities, or whether the association exists among adolescents. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between structural stratifiers, HL and health indicators among adolescents.

Methods
The nationally representative Finnish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey data (n=3833) were collected from 13- and 15-year-old pupils in the spring of 2014. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, and separate path models were estimated for the perceived health and health behaviour measures.

Results
HL was found to be an independent factor explaining disparities in health. Higher HL was related to positive health outcomes. HL also acted as a mediator between health behaviours and structural stratifiers, except for gender. School achievement and educational aspirations were among the factors explaining the HL level, which in turn, explained the health indicators.

Conclusion
The concept of HL is of use in understanding health disparities. In particular, HL provides a mechanism via which school achievement and educational plans affect health outcomes. Low HL places adolescents who have poor school achievement and who do not intend to continue on an academic path in an unequal position with respect to their health.
Genomic Analysis of Plasmodium vivax in Southern Ethiopia Reveals Selective Pressures in Multiple Parasite Mechanisms
Authors: Auburn Sarah , Getachew Sisay , Pearson Richard D , Amato Roberto , Miotto Olivo , Trimarsanto Hidayat , Zhu Sha Joe , Rumaseb Angela , Marfurt Jutta , Noviyanti Rintis , Grigg Matthew J , Barber Bridget , William Timothy , Goncalves Sonia Morgado , Drury Eleanor , Sriprawat Kanlaya , Anstey Nicholas M , Nosten Francois , Petros Beyene , Aseffa Abraham , McVean Gil , Kwiatkowski Dominic P , Price Ric N 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Horn of Africa harbors the largest reservoir of Plasmodium vivax in the continent. Most of sub-Saharan Africa has remained relatively vivax-free due to a high prevalence of the human Duffy-negative trait, but the emergence of strains able to invade Duffy-negative reticulocytes poses a major public health threat. We undertook the first population genomic investigation of P. vivax from the region, comparing the genomes of 24 Ethiopian isolates against data from Southeast Asia to identify important local adaptions. The prevalence of the Duffy binding protein amplification in Ethiopia was 79%, potentially reflecting adaptation to Duffy negativity. There was also evidence of selection in a region upstream of the chloroquine resistance transporter, a putative chloroquine-resistance determinant. Strong signals of selection were observed in genes involved in immune evasion and regulation of gene expression, highlighting the need for a multifaceted intervention approach to combat P. vivax in the region.
Learning The Hard Way: The Effect of Violent Conflict on Student Academic Achievement
Authors: Brück Tilman , Di Maio Michele , Miaari Sami H 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We study the effect of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict on various education outcomes for Palestinian high school students in the West Bank during the Second Intifada (2000–2006). Exploiting within-school variation in the number of conflict-related Palestinian fatalities during the academic year, we show that the conflict reduces the probability of passing the final exam, the total test score, and the probability of being admitted to university. The effect of conflict varies with the type and the timing of the violent events the student is exposed to and it is not significant for students in the upper tail of the test score distribution. We discuss various possible transmission mechanisms explaining our main result. Evidence suggests a role for both the conflict-induced deterioration of school infrastructures and the worsening in the student's psychological well-being due to direct exposure to violent events.
Longitudinal e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use Among US Youth in the PATH Study (2013–2015)
Authors: Stanton Cassandra A , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Johnson Amanda L , Sharma Eva , Katz Lauren , Ambrose Bridget K , Silveira Marushka L , Day Hannah , Sargent James , Borek Nicolette , Compton Wilson M , Johnson Sarah E , Kimmel Heather L , Kaufman Annette R , Limpert Jean , Abrams David , Cummings K Michael , Goniewicz Maciej L , Tanski Susanne , Travers Mark J , Hyland Andrew J , Pearson Jennifer L 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence is accumulating that youth who try Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS, e-cigarettes) may go on to try cigarettes. This analysis examines the bidirectional patterns of ENDS and cigarette use among US youth over one year and uses propensity score matching (PSM) to examine frequency of ENDS use on changes in cigarette smoking.MethodsOur analysis included 11 996 participants who had two waves of available data (Wave 1 [W1] 2013–2014; Wave 2 [W2] 2014–2015) drawn from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Cross-sectional weighted prevalence estimates are reported for cigarettes and ENDS. We used PSM to estimate the likelihood of ENDS use at W1 and to draw matched analytic samples, then used regression (logistic or linear) models to examine the effect of W1 ENDS use on W2 cigarette smoking. All statistical tests were two-sided.ResultsIn weighted analyses, 69.3% of W1 past-30-day cigarette smokers exhibited past-30-day smoking at W2; 42.2% of W1 past-30-day ENDS users were using ENDS at W2. W1 ever use of either product was similarly associated with W2 new use of the other product. Unweighted PSM models indicated W1 cigarette-naïve ENDS use was associated with W2 ever-cigarette smoking (n = 676; adjusted odds ratio = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.95 to 5.45, P < .001); W1 ever-ENDS use did not affect change in cigarette frequency at W2 (n = 1020, beta = 0.31, 95% CI = −0.76 to 1.39, P = .57); 1–5 days ENDS use compared with ever, no past-30-day ENDS use was associated with a statistically significant decrease of W2 smoking days (n = 256, beta = −2.64, 95% CI = −4.96 to −0.32; P = .03); and W1 6+ day ENDS users did not show a decrease in frequency of cigarette smoking.ConclusionsEver-ENDS use predicts future cigarette smoking, and frequency of ENDS use has a differential impact on subsequent cigarette smoking uptake or reduction. These results suggest that both cigarettes and ENDS should be targeted in early tobacco prevention efforts with youth.
Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA
Authors: Kuan Ai Seon , Green Jane , Kitahara Cari M , De González Amy Berrington , Key Tim , K. Reeves Gillian , Floud Sarah , Balkwill Angela , Bradbury Kathryn , Liao Linda M , Freedman Neal D , Beral Valerie , Sweetland Siân ,   The Million Women Study, the NIH-AARP study, and the PLCO study
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Available evidence on diet and glioma risk comes mainly from studies with retrospective collection of dietary data. To minimize possible differential dietary recall between those with and without glioma, we present findings from 3 large prospective studies.

Methods
Participants included 692 176 from the UK Million Women Study, 470 780 from the US National Institutes of Health–AARP study, and 99 148 from the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Cox regression yielded study-specific adjusted relative risks for glioma in relation to 15 food groups, 14 nutrients, and 3 dietary patterns, which were combined, weighted by inverse variances of the relative risks. Separate analyses by <5 and ≥5 years follow-up assessed potential biases related to changes of diet before glioma diagnosis.

Results
The 1 262 104 participants (mean age, 60.6 y [SD 5.5] at baseline) were followed for 15.4 million person-years (mean 12.2 y/participant), during which 2313 incident gliomas occurred, at mean age 68.2 (SD 6.4). Overall, there was weak evidence for increased glioma risks associated with increasing intakes of total fruit, citrus fruit, and fiber and healthy dietary patterns, but these associations were generally null after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up. There was little evidence for heterogeneity of results by study or by sex.

Conclusions
The largest prospective evidence to date suggests little, if any, association between major food groups, nutrients, or common healthy dietary patterns and glioma incidence. With the statistical power of this study and the comprehensive nature of the investigation here, it seems unlikely we have overlooked major effects of diet on risk of glioma that would be of public health concern.
Materialists and altruists in a charitable donation experiment
Authors: Fielding David , Knowles Stephen , Robertson Kirsten 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper presents results from a laboratory experiment that draws on insights from economics on different incentives for generosity and insights from social psychology on different personality types. Firstly, we test whether the effect of an appeal to pure altruism versus an appeal to self-interest varies across subjects. We find that there is substantial variation, and this variation is strongly correlated with a subject’s level of materialism. Secondly, we test whether spoken appeals and written appeals have different effects. We find no evidence for such a difference. These results have important implications for charities’ fundraising strategies and for experimental design.