bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Year Follow-Up Study in Patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Martic Vesna , Bozovic Ivo , Berisavac Ivana , Basta Ivana , Peric Stojan , Babic Milica , Rajic Sonja Lukic , Bjelica Bogdan , Stojiljkovic Tamas Olivera , Stojanov Aleksandar , Grunauer Marija , Cobeljic Mina , Komatina Nenad , Djuric Vanja , Petrovic Milutin , Vujovic Balsa , Dominovic Kovacevic Aleksandra , Djordjevic Gordana , Jovanovic Dejana , Stevic Zorica 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA majority of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have tendency of a good recovery. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of the disease 1 and 3 years after GBS symptom onset. Methods: During 2014, GBS was diagnosed in 82 patients in seven tertiary healthcare centers. Neurological follow-up was conducted in 57 (70%) patients after 1 year, and in 54 (66%) after 3 years. Functional disability was estimated according to the GBS disability scale (GDS), with a score of 0-3 indicating mild disability and a score of 4-6 indicating severe disability during acute phase, whereas a score >1 indicated poor recovery on follow-ups. Visual analog scale was used to assess sensory symptoms and musculoskelatal pain, and Krupp’s Fatigue Severity Scale was used to asses fatigue. Results: Poor functional outcome was found in 39% of GBS patients at year 1 and 30% at year 3. Paresthesias/dysesthesias were detected in 60% of patients after 1 year and 43% after 3 years. Musculoskeletal pain was present in 40% of patients at year 1 and 33% at year 3. Significant fatigue after 1 year was found in 21% of subjects and after 3 years in 7%. Parameters associated with poor functional outcome after 1 year were age >55 years (p=0.05), severe disability at admission (p<0.05), and on discharge (p<0.01). Poor functional outcome after 3 years was associated with male gender (p<0.05) and severe disability on discharge (p=0.06). Conclusion: One and even three years after GBS onset, a substantial number of patients had neurological sequelae, including functional disability, sensory symptoms, pain, and fatigue.
FROM EMPTY PEWS TO EMPTY CRADLES: FERTILITY DECLINE AMONG EUROPEAN CATHOLICS
Authors: Berman Eli , Iannaccone Laurence R. , Ragusa Giuseppe 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:Total fertility in the Catholic countries of Southern Europe has dropped to remarkably low rates (=1.4) despite continuing low rates female labor force participation and high historic fertility. We model three ways in whichreligionaffects the demand for children – through norms, market wages, and childrearing costs. We estimate these effects using new panel data on church attendance and clergy employment for 13 European countries from 1960 to 2000, spanning the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Using nuns per capita as a proxy for service provision, we estimate fertility effects on the order of 300 to 400 children per nun. Moreover, nuns outperform priests as a predictor of fertility, suggesting that changes in childrearing costs dominate changes in theology and norms. Reduced church attendance also predicts fertility decline, but only for Catholics, not for Protestants. Service provision and attendance complement each other, a finding consistent with club models of religion.
Clinical implications of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic criteria
Authors: Barbano Anna C. , van der Mei Willem F. , Bryant Richard A. , Delahanty Douglas L. , deRoon-Cassini Terri A. , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Olff Miranda , Qi Wei , Ratanatharathorn Andrew , Schnyder Ulrich , Seedat Soraya , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. , Shalev Arieh Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundProjected changes to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria in the upcoming International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 may affect the prevalence and severity of identified cases. This study examined differences in rates, severity, and overlap of diagnoses using ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic criteria during consecutive assessments of recent survivors of traumatic events.MethodsThe study sample comprised 3863 survivors of traumatic events, evaluated in 11 longitudinal studies of PTSD. ICD-10 and ICD-11 diagnostic rules were applied to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) to derive ICD-10 and ICD-11 diagnoses at different time intervals between trauma occurrence and 15 months.ResultsThe ICD-11 criteria identified fewer cases than the ICD-10 across assessment intervals (range −47.09% to −57.14%). Over 97% of ICD-11 PTSD cases met concurrent ICD-10 PTSD criteria. PTSD symptom severity of individuals identified by the ICD-11 criteria (CAPS total scores) was 31.38–36.49% higher than those identified by ICD-10 criteria alone. The latter, however, had CAPS scores indicative of moderate PTSD. ICD-11 was associated with similar or higher rates of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. Individuals identified by either ICD-10 or ICD-11 shortly after traumatic events had similar longitudinal course.ConclusionsThis study indicates that significantly fewer individuals would be diagnosed with PTSD using the proposed ICD-11 criteria. Though ICD-11 criteria identify more severe cases, those meeting ICD-10 but not ICD-11 criteria remain in the moderate range of PTSD symptoms. Use of ICD-11 criteria will have critical implications for case identification in clinical practice, national reporting, and research.
The Unprecedented 2016–2017 Arctic Sea Ice Growth Season: The Crucial Role of Atmospheric Rivers and Longwave Fluxes
Authors: Hegyi Bradley M. , Taylor Patrick C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe 2016–2017 Arctic sea ice growth season (October–March) exhibited one of the lowest values for end‐of‐season sea ice volume and extent of any year since 1979. An analysis of Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 atmospheric reanalysis data and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System radiative flux data reveals that a record warm and moist Arctic atmosphere supported the reduced sea ice growth. Numerous regional episodes of increased atmospheric temperature and moisture, transported from lower latitudes, increased the cumulative energy input from downwelling longwave surface fluxes. In those same episodes, the efficiency of the atmosphere cooling radiatively to space was reduced, increasing the amount of energy retained in the Arctic atmosphere and reradiated back toward the surface. Overall, the Arctic radiative cooling efficiency shows a decreasing trend since 2000. The results presented highlight the increasing importance of atmospheric forcing on sea ice variability demonstrating that episodic Arctic atmospheric rivers, regions of elevated poleward water vapor transport, and the subsequent surface energy budget response is a critical mechanism actively contributing to the evolution of Arctic sea ice.
Performance Evaluation of an Explicit Lightning Forecasting System
Authors: Dafis S. , Fierro A. , Giannaros T. M. , Kotroni V. , Lagouvardos K. , Mansell E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, an explicit electrification and lightning parameterization scheme implemented within the Weather Research and Forecasting model (E‐WRF, Fierro et al., , https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR‐D‐12‐00278.1) is evaluated against selected lightning diagnostic schemes. Convection‐permitting simulations of 10 high‐impact weather case studies over Greece are compared against lightning observations from the ZEUS ground‐based lightning detection network. The model's ability to accurately simulate these convective events is first evaluated through statistical scores of accumulated rainfall. The simulated flash origin density (FOD) fields are then assessed using statistical neighborhood methods. Overall, the simulated FOD fields have good agreement with the observations. Most of the lightning activity over the sea, however, is generally poorly forecasted. Lightning‐producing events over the sea near Greece mainly occur during the cold season. Thus, lightning forecast with E‐WRF appear to have better skill during the warm season. The simulated areal coverage of FOD using E‐WRF also reduces the false alarms of lightning activity both over land and sea compared to a well‐documented diagnostic lightning prediction scheme. Given its relatively low computational cost, these results support the potential use of E‐WRF for real‐time lightning predictions at convection‐allowing scales.
Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short‐Lived Substances: Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models
Authors: Wales Pamela A. , Salawitch Ross J. , Nicely Julie M. , Anderson Daniel C. , Canty Timothy P. , Baidar Sunil , Dix Barbara , Koenig Theodore K. , Volkamer Rainer , Chen Dexian , Huey L. Gregory , Tanner David J. , Cuevas Carlos A. , Fernandez Rafael P. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Atlas Elliot L. , Hall Samuel R. , Navarro Maria A. , Pan Laura L. , Schauffler Sue M. , Stell Meghan , Tilmes Simone , Ullmann Kirk , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Deushi Makoto , Dhomse Sandip S. , Feng Wuhu , Graf Phoebe , Hossaini Ryan , Jöckel Patrick , Mancini Eva , Michou Martine , Morgenstern Olaf , Oman Luke D. , Pitari Giovanni , Plummer David A. , Revell Laura E. , Rozanov Eugene , Saint‐Martin David , Schofield Robyn , Stenke Andrea , Stone Kane A. , Visioni Daniele , Yamashita Yousuke , Zeng Guang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.0 ± 2.1 ppt, in agreement with the 5 ± 3 ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC‐11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.9 ± 0.6 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.1 ± 2.1 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer‐lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.
The Transport of Asian Dust and Combustion Aerosols and Associated Ozone to North America as Observed From a Mountaintop Monitoring Site in the California Coast Range
Authors: Asher Elizabeth C. , Christensen John N. , Post Andrew , Perry Kevin , Cliff Steven S. , Zhao Yongjing , Trousdell Justin , Faloona Ian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAerosol and tropospheric ozone transport to North America has important implications for regional air quality and climate. We present data from Chews Ridge, a remote mountaintop site in California, in February–September 2012, which identifies separate Asian dust and Asian combustion aerosol signals and quantifies exogenous ozone. We use positive matrix factorization of size‐fractionated aerosol X‐ray fluorescence data and 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb isotope measurements to isolate aerosol signals of Asian origins and find good agreement between both types source attribution techniques. Power spectra of Asian dust and Asian combustion signals reveal two distinct peaks, one seasonal (~90 days) and one monthly (~25–30 days). Overall, 89% of the Asian dust signal occurs in March–May, compared with June–September, whereas only 51% of the Asian combustion signal occurs in March–May. Nearly half the Pb observed at Chews Ridge was derived from Asia (46%; 8.3% from Asian dust, 23% from Asian combustion, and 15% of the Asian Pb signal was not explained by the positive matrix factorization). A positive correlation between deseasonalized ozone concentrations and the Asian factors suggests that ozone is elevated by 6.3 ± 0.8 ppb due to transpacific transport. Scanning mobility particle size spectra were also measured from May to September and indicate that new particles are often produced and grow throughout the afternoon during onshore flow. We hypothesize that particle nucleation on the windward edge of the continent is an important source of new particles.
Retrieval of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Number Concentration Profiles From Lidar Extinction and Backscatter Data
Authors: Lv Min , Wang Zhien , Li Zhanqing , Luo Tao , Ferrare Richard , Liu Dong , Wu Decheng , Mao Jietai , Wan Bingcheng , Zhang Fang , Wang Yuying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe vertical distribution of aerosols and their capability of serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are important for improving our understanding of aerosol indirect effects. Although ground‐based and airborne CCN measurements have been made, they are generally scarce, especially at cloud base where it is needed most. We have developed an algorithm for profiling CCN number concentrations using backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1,064 nm and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm from multiwavelength lidar systems. The algorithm considers three distinct types of aerosols (urban industrial, biomass burning, and dust) with bimodal size distributions. The algorithm uses look‐up tables, which were developed based on the ranges of aerosol size distributions obtained from the Aerosol Robotic Network, to efficiently find optimal solutions. CCN number concentrations at five supersaturations (0.07–0.80%) are determined from the retrieved particle size distributions. Retrieval simulations were performed with different combinations of systematic and random errors in lidar‐derived extinction and backscatter coefficients: systematic errors range from −20% to 20% and random errors are up to 15%, which fall within the typical error ranges for most current lidar systems. The potential of this algorithm to retrieve CCN concentrations is further evaluated through comparisons with surface‐based CCN measurements with near‐surface lidar retrievals. This retrieval algorithm would be valuable for aerosol‐cloud interaction studies for which virtually none has employed CCN at cloud base because of the lack of such measurements.
Promoting Competitive Water Resource Use Efficiency at the Water‐Market Scale: An Intercooperative Demand Equilibrium‐Based Approach to Water Trading
Authors: Delorit Justin D. , Block Paul J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWater rights law and corresponding markets exist to promote economic water resource use efficiency by permitting water rights holders to trade allocations. In some regions, hydrologic uncertainty drives annual assignment of per‐water right allocation values. Water rights holders, specifically those involved in agricultural production, may use collaborative water resource decision making to mitigate allocation uncertainty and promote economic and social efficiency. Such is the case in semi‐arid North Chile, where interactions between representative farmer groups, treated as resource competitive growers’ cooperatives, and modeled at water market‐scale, can provide both price and water right allocation distribution signals for unregulated, temporary water right markets. For the range of feasible per‐water right allocation values, a coupled agricultural‐economic model is developed to describe the equilibrium distribution of water, the corresponding market price of water rights, and the net surplus generated by collaboration between competing agricultural uses. A static, demand‐based allocation redistribution ruleset is generated by which the cooperatives are constrained to abide. Water right supply and demand inequality impacts at the market‐scale are used to characterize market performance under existing water rights law, and to evaluate the efficacy of intercooperative collaboration over the period 2000–2015. Exclusive intercooperative water trading, following a demand‐based ruleset, produces joint mean annual expected profits 24%–122% larger than a case of no‐interaction, depending on initial rights distribution. The broader insights of this research suggest that water rights holders engaged in agriculture can achieve enhanced benefits by forming crop‐type cooperatives and implementing demand‐based allocation redistribution rulesets.
Variation in the Distribution and Properties of Circumpolar Deep Water in the Eastern Amundsen Sea, on Seasonal Timescales, Using Seal‐Borne Tags
Authors: Mallett Helen K. W. , Boehme Lars , Fedak Mike , Heywood Karen J. , Stevens David P. , Roquet Fabien 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the Amundsen Sea, warm saline Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) crosses the continental shelf toward the vulnerable West Antarctic ice shelves, contributing to their basal melting. Due to lack of observations, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of CDW, particularly seasonally. A new data set of 6,704 seal tag temperature and salinity profiles in the easternmost trough between February and December 2014 reveals a CDW layer on average 49 dbar thicker in late winter (August to October) than in late summer (February to April), the reverse seasonality of that seen at moorings in the western trough. This layer contains more heat in winter, but on the 27.76 kg/m3 density surface CDW is 0.32°C warmer in summer than in winter, across the northeastern Amundsen Sea, which may indicate that wintertime shoaling offshelf changes CDW properties onshelf. In Pine Island Bay these seasonal changes on density surfaces are reduced, likely by gyre circulation.
Long‐Lasting Response of the Global Thermosphere and Ionosphere to the 21 August 2017 Solar Eclipse
Authors: Lei Jiuhou , Dang Tong , Wang Wenbin , Burns Alan , Zhang Binzheng , Le Huijun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have been devoted to examining the ionosphere and thermosphere response during the solar eclipse, but the posteclipse response of the global ionosphere and thermosphere has not been well quantified. In this study, for the first time, we quantitatively investigate the posteclipse response of the global ionosphere and thermosphere system to the recent Great American Solar Eclipse using a high‐resolution, global, coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere‐electrodynamics model. It was found that the posteclipse response of the ionosphere and thermosphere is significant and worldwide, which was not expected. Specifically, even 9 hr after the eclipse ended, the globally averaged ionospheric total electron content perturbations were about 0.2 total electron content unit, and the corresponding changes in neutral temperature and winds reached 2 K and 2 m/s. The changes in the global dynamic and energetic processes associated with the solar eclipse contributed to this long‐lasting response of the ionosphere and thermosphere during the posteclipse period.
Generating Coherent Ensemble Forecasts After Hydrological Postprocessing: Adaptations of ECC‐Based Methods
Authors: Bellier Joseph , Zin Isabella , Bontron Guillaume 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydrological ensemble forecasts are frequently miscalibrated, and need to be statistically postprocessed in order to account for the total predictive uncertainty. Very often, this step relies on parametric, univariate techniques that ignore the between‐basins and between‐lead times dependencies. This calls for a procedure referred to as sampling‐reordering, which generates a coherent multivariate ensemble from the marginal postprocessed distributions. The ensemble copula coupling (ECC) approach, which is already popular in the field of meteorological postprocessing, is attractive for hydrological forecasts as it preserves the dependence structure of the raw ensemble assumed as spatially and temporally coherent. However, the existing implementations of ECC have strong limitations when applied to hourly streamflow, due to raw ensembles being frequently nondispersive and to streamflow data being strongly autocorrelated. Based on this diagnosis, this paper investigates several variants of ECC, in particular the addition of a perturbation to the raw ensemble to handle the nondispersive cases, and the smoothing of the temporal trajectories to make them more realistic. The evaluation is conducted on a case study of hydrological forecasting over a set of French basins. The results show that the new variants improve upon the existing ECC implementations, while they remain simple and computationally inexpensive.
Functional interplay between E2F7 and ribosomal rRNA gene transcription regulates protein synthesis
Authors: Coutts Amanda S , Munro Shonagh , La Thangue Nicholas B 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA prerequisite for protein synthesis is the transcription of ribosomal rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I (Pol I), which controls ribosome biogenesis. UBF (upstream binding factor) is one of the main Pol I transcription factors located in the nucleolus that activates rRNA gene transcription. E2F7 is an atypical E2F family member that acts as a transcriptional repressor of E2F target genes, and thereby contributes to cell cycle arrest. Here, we describe an unexpected role for E2F7 in regulating rRNA gene transcription. We have found that E2F7 localises to the perinucleolar region, and further that E2F7 is able to exert repressive effects on Pol I transcription. At the mechanistic level, this is achieved in part by E2F7 hindering UBF recruitment to the rRNA gene promoter region, and thereby reducing rRNA gene transcription, which in turn compromises global protein synthesis. Our results expand the target gene repertoire influenced by E2F7 to include Pol I-regulated genes, and more generally suggest a mechanism mediated by effects on Pol I transcription where E2F7 links cell cycle arrest with protein synthesis.