bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival Strategies
Authors: Najman Mercedes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince its emergence, the concept of family survival strategy has allowed the study of new issues and social phenomena in different fields of social science. It allows inquiry into the ways in which families in different social sectors organize themselves to survive and reproduce. Although it has been the target of a series of critiques – which enabled the deepening of this approach and the development of new terms related to it – it has been acknowledged as a groundbreaking approach due to its mediation between macro and micro social dimensions in the understanding of social reproduction processes. On the other hand, this approach focuses on the active and productive role assumed by the low income population in order to fulfill their needs. Nowadays, the problem of poverty and vulnerability is still a crucial issue, validating the significance of this type of analysis.
Controlling Red Color–Based Multicolor Upconversion through Selective Photon Blocking
Authors: Wu Ming , Yan Long , Wang Ting , Zhou Bo , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhoton upconversion multiplexing has attracted increasing interest in recent years; however, realizing the red color–based multicolor‐tunable output in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) at a fixed composition remains a huge challenge. Here, a novel and versatile approach to fine‐control upconversion luminescence (UCL) colors from UCNPs through selectively confining specific excitation energy by the photon blocking effect is reported. Four types of dual‐color switchable UCNPs capable of emitting red‐blue and red‐green emissions are successfully designed following this strategy, and their UCL performance shows a multiwavelength (808/980/1550 nm) excitable feature that is well sustained in a wide range of excitation power density. The use of the photon blocking effect further enables the dynamically switchable red‐green‐blue UCL with 808/980 nm excitations. These findings provide a general method to achieve multicolor‐tunable UCL at a single nanoparticle level. Moreover, the UCNPs with red‐based multicolor emissions in this work enriches the upconversion system and should have potential applications in display, anti‐counterfeiting, and bioimaging.
Multifunctional Smart Textronics with Blow‐Spun Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Ho Dong Hae , Cheon Siuk , Hong Panuk , Park Jong Hwan , Suk Ji Won , Kim Do Hwan , Han Joong Tark , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere, the fabrication of nonwoven fabric by blow spinning and its application to smart textronics are demonstrated. The blow‐spinning system is composed of two parallel concentric fluid streams: i) a polymer dissolved in a volatile solvent and ii) compressed air flowing around the polymer solution. During the jetting process with pressurized air, the solvent evaporates, which results in the deposition of nanofibers in the direction of gas flow. Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) dissolved in acetone is blow‐spun onto target substrate. Conductive nonwoven fabric is also fabricated from a blend of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and PVdF‐HFP. An all‐fabric capacitive strain sensor is fabricated by vertically stacking the PVdF‐HFP dielectric fabric and the SWCNT/PVdF‐HFP conductive fabric. The resulting sensor shows a high gauge factor of over 130 and excellent mechanical durability. The hierarchical morphology of nanofibers enables the development of superhydrophobic fabric and their electrical and thermal conductivities facilitate the application to a wearable heater and a flexible heat‐dissipation sheet, respectively. Finally, the conductive nonwoven fabric is successfully applied to the detection of various biosignals. The demonstrated facile and cost‐effective fabrication of nonwoven fabric by the blow‐spinning technique provides numerous possibilities for further development of technologies ranging from wearable electronics to textronics.
Thermodiffusion‐Assisted Pyroelectrics—Enabling Rapid and Stable Heat and Radiation Sensing
Authors: Shiran Chaharsoughi Mina , Zhao Dan , Crispin Xavier , Fabiano Simone , Jonsson Magnus P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSensors for monitoring temperature, heat flux, and thermal radiation are essential for applications such as electronic skin. While pyroelectric and thermoelectric effects are suitable candidates as functional elements in such devices, both concepts show individual drawbacks in terms of zero equilibrium signals for pyroelectric materials and small or slow response of thermoelectric materials. Here, these drawbacks are overcome by introducing the concept of thermodiffusion‐assisted pyroelectrics, which combines and enhances the performance of pyroelectric and ionic thermoelectric materials. The presented integrated concept provides both rapid initial response upon heating and stable synergistically enhanced signals upon prolonged exposure to heat stimuli. Likewise, incorporation of plasmonic metasurfaces enables the concept to provide both rapid and stable signals for radiation‐induced heating. The performance of the concept and its working mechanism can be explained by ion–electron interactions at the interface between the pyroelectric and ionic thermoelectric materials.
Nonvolatile Electrical Control and Heterointerface‐Induced Half‐Metallicity of 2D Ferromagnets
Authors: Zhao Yinghe , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Yuan Shijun , Chen Zhongfang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrical control of atom‐thick van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets is a key toward future magnetoelectric nanodevices; however, state‐of‐the‐art control approaches are volatile. In this work, introducing ferroelectric switching as an aided layer is demonstrated to be an effective approach toward achieving nonvolatile electrical control of 2D ferromagnets. For example, when a ferromagnetic monolayer CrI3 and ferroelectric MXene Sc2CO2 come together into multiferroic heterostructures, CrI3 is controlled by polarized states P↑ and P↓ of Sc2CO2. P↑ Sc2CO2 does not change the semiconducting nature of CrI3, but surprisingly P↓ Sc2CO2 makes CrI3 half‐metallic. Nonvolatility of the electrical switching between two oppositely ferroelectric polarized states, therefore, indirectly enables nonvolatile electrical control of CrI3 between ferromagnetic semiconductor and half‐metal. The heterointerface‐induced half‐metallicity in CrI3 is intrinsic without resorting to any chemical functionalization or external physical modification, which is rather beneficial to the practical application. This work paves the way for nonvolatile electrical control of 2D vdW ferromagnets and applications of CrI3 in half‐metal‐based nanospintronics.
Highly Stretchable Polymers: Mechanical Properties Improvement by Balancing Intra‐ and Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Galant Or , Bae Suwon , Silberstein Meredith N. , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe mechanical properties of polymers are highly dependent on the mobility of the underlying chains. Changes in polymer architecture can affect inter‐ and intramolecular interactions, resulting in different chain dynamics. Herein, an enhancement in the mechanical properties of poly(butylmethacrylate) is induced by folding the polymer chains through covalent intramolecular crosslinking (CL). Intramolecular CL causes an increase in intramolecular interactions and inhibition of intermolecular interactions. In both the glassy and rubbery states, this molecular rearrangement increases material stiffness. In the glassy state, this molecular rearrangement also leads to reduced failure strain, but surprisingly, in the rubbery state, the large strain elasticity is actually increased. An intermediate intramolecular CL degree, where there is a balance between intra‐ and intermolecular interactions, shows optimal mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to confirm and provide molecular mechanisms to explain the experimental results.
Effects of Programmed Local Delivery from a Micro/Nano‐Hierarchical Surface on Titanium Implant on Infection Clearance and Osteogenic Induction in an Infected Bone Defect
Authors: Li Dize , Li Yihan , Shrestha Annie , Wang Si , Wu Qingqing , Li Lingjie , Guan Chao , Wang Chao , Fu Tiwei , Liu Wenzhao , Huang Yuanding , Ji Ping , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe two major causes for implant failure are postoperative infection and poor osteogenesis. Initial period of osteointegration is regulated by immunocytes and osteogenic‐related cells resulting in inflammatory response and tissue healing. The healing phase can be influenced by various environmental factors and biological cascade effect. To synthetically orchestrate bone‐promoting factors on biomaterial surface, built is a dual delivery system coated on a titanium surface (abbreviated as AH‐Sr‐AgNPs). The results show that this programmed delivery system can release Ag+ and Sr2+ in a temporal‐spatial manner to clear pathogens and activate preosteoblast differentiation partially through manipulating the polarization of macrophages. Both in vitro and in vivo assays show that AH‐Sr‐AgNPs‐modified surface renders a microenvironment adverse for bacterial survival and favorable for macrophage polarization (M2), which further promotes the differentiation of preosteoblasts. Infected New Zealand rabbit femoral metaphysis defect model is used to confirm the osteogenic property of AH‐Sr‐AgNPs implants through micro‐CT, histological, and histomorphometric analyses. These findings demonstrate that the programmed surface with dual delivery of Sr2+ and Ag+ has the potential of achieving an enhanced osteogenic outcome through favorable immunoregulation.
Beyond 1000 nm Emission Wavelength: Recent Advances in Organic and Inorganic Emitters for Deep‐Tissue Molecular Imaging
Authors: Ding Feng , Fan Yong , Sun Yao , Zhang Fan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn vivo second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1.0–1.7 µm) bioimaging , a rapidly expanding imaging tool for preclinical diagnosis and prognosis, is of great importance to afford precise dynamic actions in vivo with high spatiotemporal resolution, deeper penetration, and decreasing light absorption and scattering. In the course of preclinical practices, organic and inorganic emitters with NIR‐II signals are indispensable keys to open the invisible biological window. In this review, NIR‐II emitters, including but not limited to organic emitters like organic small molecules and copolymers, and inorganic emitters such as lanthanide‐based nanocrystals, quantum dots like Ag2S dots, and carbon nanotubes, are described, especially regarding their unique optical features and noteworthy functions for animal bioimaging. Along with these existing advances, the challenges and potential spaces for further progress are discussed to offer an approximate direction for future researches.
Homogeneous Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers on Ti–6Al–4V Alloy with Improved Adhesion Strength and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Hu Nan , Hu Tao , Gao Ang , Gao Nong , Starink Marco J. , Chen Ying , Sun Wanting , Liao Qing , Tong Liping , Xu Xiaochang , Chu Paul K. , Wang Huaiyu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHexagonal TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) arrays are generally fabricated on Ti‐based substrates for some biomedical purposes, but the TNT layers constructed on conventionally processed Ti alloys are usually inhomogeneous because the substrates typically contain both the α and β phases. In this work, high‐pressure torsion (HPT) is applied to obtain a saturated single α‐phase microstructure in Ti–6Al–4V alloys via strain‐induced β phase dissolution. Homogeneous anodic TNT layers with three different morphologies, one‐step nanoporous, one‐step nanotubular, and two‐step nanoporous structures, are electrochemically fabricated on the ultrafine‐grained (UFG) Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrates after HPT processing, whereas the TNT layers prepared on coarse‐grained substrates are normally inhomogeneous. More notably, the TNT layers show significantly improved adhesion strength to the UFG substrate as well as better corrosion resistance compared to those on the conventionally processed Ti–6Al–4V substrates. X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy in combination with electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy indicate that the improvement is due to a larger dislocation density in the UFG substrate as well as strain‐induced β phase dissolution.
An Eco‐Friendly, CMOS‐Compatible Transfer Process for Large‐Scale CVD‐Graphene
Authors: Moon Ji‐Yun , Kim Seung‐Il , Son Seok‐Kyun , Kang Seog‐Gyun , Lim Jae‐Young , Lee Dong Kyu , Ahn Byungmin , Whang Dongmok , Yu Hak Ki , Lee Jae‐Hyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince the first realization of graphene synthesis through the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in 2009, CVD‐graphene is regarded as a key material in the future electronics industry, and one that requires high standard characteristics. However, because graphene itself is not a semiconductor, therefore it does not have a bandgap, a promising application is considered to integrate its use with semiconductors, rather than completely replace Si or Ge. Although numerous methods for a clean and uniform graphene transfer process are developed, graphene growth and transfer methods that are applicable to current mainstream Si‐based complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing processes are not yet introduced. This study implements an eco‐friendly and CMOS‐compatible graphene transfer process through water‐soluble inorganic MoO3 film as a supporting layer. Since the monolayer graphene is grown on hydrogen‐terminated semiconductor Ge surface, the MoO3 thin film coated graphene is easily delaminated from the Ge substrate. The separated graphene could be transferred to arbitrary substrate without a chemical wet etching process, and the remaining Ge substrate could be employed for about 50 times multiple reuse for the growth of graphene, without degradation of the crystallinity of the graphene.
Thermally Dependent Dynamic Meta‐Holography Using a Vanadium Dioxide Integrated Metasurface
Authors: Liu Xingbo , Wang Qiu , Zhang Xueqian , Li Hua , Xu Quan , Xu Yuehong , Chen Xieyu , Li Shaoxian , Liu Meng , Tian Zhen , Zhang Caihong , Zou Chongwen , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces have drawn enormous attention in both the physics and engineering communities owing to their capabilities of arbitrarily manipulating the electromagnetic waves at subwavelength scale. One of the promising applications of metasurfaces is the realization of high‐quality holograms. However, due to the passive response of metasurface resonators, previous demonstrations on meta‐holography were mainly limited to generating static images. Seeking new approaches to realize active control over meta‐holograms is highly demanded for display applications, such as holographic movies. Here, a broadband active meta‐holography which enables temperature‐dependent dynamic holographic imaging is experimentally demonstrated. The meta‐hologram consists of two sets of resonators: set 1 is passive, being composed of simple metallic C‐shape split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) and set 2 is active, being composed of vanadium dioxide (VO2) integrated CSRRs (V‐CSRRs). Each set generates certain holographic images with predesigned amplitude and phase distributions. Under external heating, the insulator‐to‐metal transition property of VO2 will gradually short out the V‐CSRRs and their responses, thus dynamically changing the overall generated holographic image. The proposed approach presents a new way of tunable metasurface design and holds promise for active meta‐devices with versatile functionalities.
Bright and Multicolor Chemiluminescent Carbon Nanodots for Advanced Information Encryption
Authors: Shen Cheng‐Long , Lou Qing , Lv Chao‐Fan , Zang Jin‐Hao , Qu Song‐Nan , Dong Lin , Shan Chong‐Xin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe various luminescent properties of carbon nanodots (CDs) reveal fascinating applications in several areas. Here, bright and multicolor chemiluminescence (CL) is realized from CDs, whose CL quantum yield can be optimized by adjusting the energy level alignment between the CDs and 1,2‐dioxetanedione intermediate generated from the reaction of peroxalate and hydrogen peroxide. A CL quantum yield of 9.32 × 10−3 Einsteins mol−1, maximal luminance of 3.28 cd m−2, and lifetime of 186.4 s are achieved in red CDs, all of which are the best values ever reported for CDs. As a proof‐of‐concept prototype, a high‐quality information encryption strategy is established via CD based CL imaging techniques by virtue of the high brightness and multicolor CL.
Iron–Salen Complex and Co2+ Ion‐Derived Cobalt–Iron Hydroxide/Carbon Nanohybrid as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Du Jian , Liu Guoquan , Li Fei , Zhu Yong , Sun Licheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetal–salen complexes are widely used as catalysts in numerous fundamental organic transformation reactions. Here, CoFe hydroxide/carbon nanohybrid is reported as an efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst derived from the in situ formed molecular Fe–salen complexes and Co2+ ions at a low temperature of 160 °C. It has been evidenced that Fe–salen as a molecular precursor facilitates the confined‐growth of metal hydroxides, while Co2+ plays a critical role in catalyzing the transformation of organic ligand into nanocarbons and constitutes an essential component for CoFe hydroxide. The resulting Co1.2Fe/C hybrid material requires an overpotential of 260 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with high durability. The high activity is contributed to uniform distribution of CoFe hydroxides on carbon layer and excellent electron conductivity caused by intimate contact between metal and nanocarbon. Given the diversity of molecular precursors, these results represent a promising approach to high‐performance carbon‐based water splitting catalysts.
3D Printing of Personalized Thick and Perfusable Cardiac Patches and Hearts
Authors: Noor Nadav , Shapira Assaf , Edri Reuven , Gal Idan , Wertheim Lior , Dvir Tal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeneration of thick vascularized tissues that fully match the patient still remains an unmet challenge in cardiac tissue engineering. Here, a simple approach to 3D‐print thick, vascularized, and perfusable cardiac patches that completely match the immunological, cellular, biochemical, and anatomical properties of the patient is reported. To this end, a biopsy of an omental tissue is taken from patients. While the cells are reprogrammed to become pluripotent stem cells, and differentiated to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix is processed into a personalized hydrogel. Following, the two cell types are separately combined with hydrogels to form bioinks for the parenchymal cardiac tissue and blood vessels. The ability to print functional vascularized patches according to the patient's anatomy is demonstrated. Blood vessel architecture is further improved by mathematical modeling of oxygen transfer. The structure and function of the patches are studied in vitro, and cardiac cell morphology is assessed after transplantation, revealing elongated cardiomyocytes with massive actinin striation. Finally, as a proof of concept, cellularized human hearts with a natural architecture are printed. These results demonstrate the potential of the approach for engineering personalized tissues and organs, or for drug screening in an appropriate anatomical structure and patient‐specific biochemical microenvironment.
Defect Self‐Compensation for High‐Mobility Bilayer InGaZnO/In2O3 Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: He Jiawei , Li Guoli , Lv Yawei , Wang Chunlan , Liu Chuansheng , Li Jinchai , Flandre Denis , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang , Liao Lei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere, the bilayer InGaZnO/In2O3 thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are deposited by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. A high field‐effect mobility (μFE) of 64.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a small subthreshold swing (SS) of 204 mV per decade are achieved in the bilayer‐stack TFTs fabricated upon SiO2/Si substrate, with large improvement compared to the single‐layer InGaZnO and In2O3 TFTs. Implementing HfO2 and Si3N4 as high‐k gate dielectrics, μFE and SS are correspondingly enhanced to be 67.5 and 79.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, and 85 and 92 mV per decade in the bilayer TFTs. Defect self‐compensation effect is also revealed, i.e., (In)+ + (O)− → In − O, while, respectively, considering the indium‐ and oxygen‐related defects in InGaZnO and In2O3 and exploring the numerical simulations in SILVACO/Atlas (for electrical performance) and Quantum Espresso (for physical analysis). The InO formation can result in a significant reduction in defect density (validated by the X‐ray photoelectron spectra and low‐frequency noise characterizations) and therefore improvement of μFE and SS in the bilayer‐stack TFT. The important role of defect self‐compensation mechanism while combining different individual channel layers in the oxide semiconducting TFTs is underlined and highly potential application in next‐generation, fast‐speed flexible displays is shown.
Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks Selectively Grown on Laser‐Scribed Graphene for Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhang Wenli , Kandambeth Sharath , Shekhah Osama , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConductive 2D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have merits beyond traditional MOFs for electrochemical applications, but reports on using MOFs as electrodes for electrochemical microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are practically non‐existent. In this work, a Ni‐catecholate‐based MOF (Ni‐CAT MOF) having good conductivity and exhibiting redox chemistry in the positive and negative voltage windows is developed. A novel process is developed to selectively grow the conductive Ni‐CAT MOF on 3D laser scribed graphene (LSG). The LSG with its superior wettability serves as a functional matrix‐current collector for the hybridization of conductive Ni‐CAT MOF nanocrystals. Impressively, MSCs fabricated using the hybrid LSG/Ni‐CAT MOF show significant improvement compared with MOF‐free LSG electrodes. Specifically, the LSG/Ni‐CAT MOF electrodes can deliver MSCs with a wide operating voltage (1.4 V), high areal capacitance (15.2 mF cm−2), energy density (4.1 µWh cm−2), power density (7 mW cm−2), good rate performance, and decent cycling stability. This work opens up an avenue for developing electrochemical microsupercapacitors using conductive MOF electrodes.