bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Stepwise Approach to Primary Tumor Detection in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Neck With Unknown Primary
Authors: Ryan John F. , Motz Kevin M. , Rooper Lisa M. , Mydlarz Wojciech K. , Quon Harry , Gourin Christine G. , Tan Marietta , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the cumulative effect of diagnostic steps for primary tumor identification in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP), including lingual tonsillectomy, and the impact of primary tumor identification on subsequent treatment.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 110 patients diagnosed with HNSCCUP between 2003 and 2015. Results of diagnostic imaging (fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography [FDG‐PET/CT]), tumor detection with direct laryngoscopy with biopsies, palatine tonsillectomy, and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) lingual tonsillectomy were recorded. Associations between demographic and treatment variables with overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were modeled with Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsFDG‐PET/CT was suspicious for a primary site in 23/77 (30%) patients. Direct laryngoscopy identified a primary tumor in 34/110 patients (31%). Forty‐seven patients underwent palatine tonsillectomy, which identified 17 primaries (36%), yielding a cumulative primary tumor identification of 51/110 (46%). Fourteen patients underwent TORS lingual tonsillectomy, which identified eight primaries (57%), resulting in a cumulative identification of 59/110 (53%). The detection rate increased from 28/63 (44%) to 31/47 (66%) after the addition of TORS lingual tonsillectomy to our institutional approach. Detection rates varied by HPV status. Primary tumor identification altered subsequent radiation planning, as patients with an identified primary tumor received radiation to a smaller volume of tissue than did those without an identified primary tumor. However, there was no significant association between primary tumor identification and OS or PFS.ConclusionsA stepwise approach to primary tumor identification identifies a primary tumor in a majority of patients.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1610–1616, 2019
Using GIS to predict habitat in lakes: An example using nearshore substrate categories
Authors: Zentner Douglas L. , Cross Timothy K. , Raabe Joshua K. , Jacobson Peter C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHabitat is an integral component of lake ecosystems and threatened by anthropogenic alterations. Quantifying habitat is typically done with labor intensive and spatially limited surveys (i.e., transects) or with surveys requiring specialized field equipment combined with computer analyses (i.e., sonar). These approaches are limited to inventorying habitat condition and do not directly describe processes that influence habitat distributions. We developed a framework that utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) to answer habitat‐based questions and allows for an understanding of the factors that influence its distribution. This framework uses GIS‐derived data to describe factors input as predictive variables. We tested this framework by predicting nearshore substrate composition in Minnesota lakes. Substrate composition was measured during the summers of 2014–2016 along transects in 28 lakes across Minnesota. Composition was then grouped into three size categories (muck, sandy gravel, and coarse). For each transect, we obtained GIS‐derived data describing exposure (fetch), riparian height, maximum depth, wind power, and bathymetric aspect to use as predictor variables in a classification tree model. We randomly selected 15% of transects to validate the model. Using repeated sampling with replacement, we determined this model predicted substrate composition with 62.0–71.0% accuracy. We then used data from all study lakes and examples from Belle Lake, Minnesota, to determine sources of error. Our results demonstrate that a GIS framework can describe both the distribution of a habitat component and the factors structuring it. This framework can enhance communication effectiveness and decision‐making processes regarding habitat protection, management, and restoration.
Origin of Waveguiding in Ultrashort Pulse Structured Silicon
Authors: Kämmer Helena , Matthäus Gabor , Lammers Kim A. , Vetter Christian , Chambonneau Maxime , Nolte Stefan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe origin of waveguiding in the bulk of silicon after sub‐ps laser inscription is investigated. Locally resolved Raman measurements of waveguide cross sections and along the propagation axis reveal highly localized crystal deformations. These modifications consist of highly confined regions of silicon with a disturbed crystal structure accompanied with strain. This transformation is responsible for a local increase of the refractive index allowing localized waveguiding. On the basis of near‐field measurements at an excitation wavelength of 1550 nm, the absolute value of the refractive index change is estimated to be in the range of 10−3.
Molecular Imprinting of Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Hydrogels Improves Drug Loading and Delivery
Authors: Juric Dajan , Rohner Nathan A. , von Recum Horst A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCyclodextrin‐based controlled delivery materials have previously been developed for controlled release of different therapeutic drugs. In this study, a supramolecular hydrogel made from cyclodextrin‐based macromonomers is subjected to molecular imprinting to investigate the impact on release kinetics and drug loading, when compared with non‐imprinted, or alternately imprinted hydrogels. Mild synthesis conditions are used to molecularly imprint three antibiotics—novobiocin, rifampicin, and vancomycin—and to test two different hydrogel chemistries. The release profile and drug loading of the molecularly imprinted hydrogels are characterized using ultraviolet spectroscopy over a period of 35 days and compared to non‐imprinted, and alternately imprinted hydrogels. While only modest differences are observed in the release rate of the antibiotics tested, a substantial difference is observed in the total drug‐loading amount possible for hydrogels releasing drugs which has been templated by those drugs. Hydrogels releasing drugs which are templated by other drugs do not show improved release or loading. Analysis by FTIR does not show substantial incorporation of drug into the polymer. Lastly, bioactivity assays confirmed long‐term stability and release of incorporated antibiotics.
Dynamics of Sodium Ions and Water in Swollen Superabsorbent Hydrogels as Studied by 23Na‐ and 1H‐NMR
Authors: Guo Xiaoai , Theissen Solveig , Claussen Jan , Hildebrand Viet , Kamphus Juliane , Wilhelm Manfred , Luy Burkhard , Guthausen Gisela 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDynamics of sodium ions and water in swollen superabsorbent polymer (SAP) hydrogels are studied by 23Na‐ and 1H‐NMR, respectively. The apparent diffusion coefficients of water in swollen SAPs, probed by 1H pulsed field gradient NMR, decreases with increasing diffusion time. The degree of hindrance depends on structural and synthesis parameters. It is quantified within a tortuosity model. Based on the results, the swelling degree has the highest impact on the ion mobility, apart from synthesis parameters leading to different levels of physical and chemical crosslinks. 23Na‐NMR relaxation and diffusion reveal the 23Na+ mobility in swollen SAPs. A higher degree of neutralization leads to faster relaxation and to a smaller apparent diffusion coefficient. Surface crosslinking restricts water mobility, but has a smaller impact on the dynamics of sodium ions. The experimental results indicate an influence of SAP structure on the dynamics of ions and water molecules.
Diffusive stability for periodic metric graphs
Authors: Chirilus‐Bruckner Martina , Maier Daniela , Schneider Guido 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear diffusion equation on an infinite periodic metric graph. We prove that the terms which are irrelevant w.r.t. linear diffusion on the real line are irrelevant w.r.t. linear diffusion on the periodic metric graph, too. The proof is based on L1‐ estimates combined with Bloch wave analysis for periodic metric graphs.
Synthetic 2D Polymers: A Critical Perspective and a Look into the Future
Authors: Wang Wei , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis feature article provides both a critical perspective as to where synthetic 2D polymers currently stand and a rather substantial view into how the future of this exciting field of polymer chemistry might look. It starts out by addressing strategic considerations meant to familiarize the reader with what to expect when entering the field. To better understand these considerations, the very nature of a 2D polymer is addressed in comparison to other organic 2D materials. Thereafter, the article moves quite intensely and critically into synthetic and mechanistic issues of 2D polymers before concentrating on the important structural analytics that one has to go through when unequivocally establishing these novel sheet‐like polymeric objects. After a short excursion into the matter of exfoliation, the feature article then culminates in a section attempting to forecast the future. Key differences between 1D and 2D polymers are highlighted, and those considered by the authors to be the most attractive and burning research goals are further discussed. It is hoped that the reader will find this speculative section inspiring enough such that ideas that will help in advancing 2D polymers even faster are generated.
Evaluation of copy number variant detection from panel‐based next‐generation sequencing data
Authors: Yao Ruen , Yu Tingting , Qing Yanrong , Wang Jian , Shen Yiping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTargeted gene capture and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely utilized as a robust and cost‐effective approach for detecting small variants among a group of disease genes. Copy number variations (CNV) can also be inferred from the read‐depth information but the accuracy of CNVs called from panel‐based NGS data has not been well evaluated.MethodsSequencing data were acquired from patients underwent routine clinical targeted panel sequencing testing. Pathogenic CNVs detected from targeted panel sequencing data were evaluated using CNVs generated by two clinical accepted platforms, namely chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) and multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) as benchmarks. CNVkit was used in our study to call CNVs from sequencing data using read‐depth information. CMA and MLPA tests were used to confirm and further assess the size and breakpoints of CNVs.ResultsThe size of CNVs detected using panel‐based NGS data are over 300 kb. The sizes of CNVs detected are slightly larger (102.3% on average) using the NGS platform than using the CMA platform, and the size accuracy improved as the size of variants increases. The breakpoints of CNVs detected using NGS data are quite close (within 2.3% of margin) to the breakpoints detected by CMA. CNVs on sex chromosomes, however, are less concordant between NGS and CMA platforms.ConclusionCopy number variations covering adequate exons on autosomes can be accurately detected using targeted panel sequencing data as using CMA. CNVs detected from sex chromosomes need further evaluation and validation. Except for exon‐level deletion/duplication and CNV on sex chromosome, our data support the use of panel‐based NGS data for routine clinical detection of pathogenic CNVs.
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Channel Catfish from Continental Waters of Mexico
Authors: Lara-Rivera Ana Laura , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel , Sifuentes-Rincón Ana María , De la Rosa-Reyna Xochitl Fabiola 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Mexico is the native site of 10 species of the genus Ictalurus, among which the Channel Catfish I. punctatus has great presence in worldwide aquaculture. Wild populations of catfish not only constitute a biological resource but have a great potential for aquaculture. Recently, this species was classified as an invasive organism by the Mexican government. The aim of this study was to determine the structure and genetic diversity of Channel Catfish belonging to native and introduced freshwater populations within Mexico. Using 11 DNA microsatellite loci, we analyzed 292 fish sampled from four rivers and five reservoirs. Observed heterozygosity values ranged between 0.66 and 0.80. The genetic distance analysis showed low to high differentiation among populations (overall genetic differentiation index FST = 0.14). Bayesian coancestry analysis identified two ancestral groups. A single management population on central Tamaulipas can be suggested. The findings of the present study provide the basis for future characterization of productive traits of Mexican Channel Catfish populations in order to use the species as a breeding source for aquaculture. The lower Rio Grande population is one of the most ancient and ecologically relevant Channel Catfish populations in Mexico, and this study identifies it as the most vulnerable. Free-living populations of Channel Catfish, although they have been heedlessly spread, constitute a valuable natural resource that deserves our best effort to preserve.
A qualitative investigation of the experience of participation in Mindfulness‐based Intervention for IVF‐ET (MBII) with Chinese women undergoing first IVF‐ET
Authors: Li Jing , Luo Hong , Long Ling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo explore what the women experience during their first IVF‐ET treatment while participating a mindfulness‐based intervention for IVF‐ET (MBII), and how they use it to enhance their infertility‐related quality of life (QoL).DesignQualitative exploratory design.MethodsAs part of a larger multimethod study, this study shares the description from 38 IVF‐ET women. We conducted semi‐structured interviews and collected daily practice diary. Each interview was conducted one‐on‐one within one week after MBII programme. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour primary themes described participants’ perceptions of how the programme benefitted IVF‐ET treatment and daily lives: improved infertility‐related QoL, enhanced awareness, increased acceptance and regained control over life. Additionally, enhanced awareness, regained control over life and increased acceptance may be implicated in the effectiveness of MBII on the infertility‐related QoL. Clinicians and nurses working with women undergoing first IVF‐ET have another tool to recommend to the patients.
LKB1 signaling is activated in CTNNB1‐mutated HCC and positively regulates β‐catenin‐dependent CTNNB1‐mutated HCC
Authors: Charawi Sara , Just Pierre‐Alexandre , Savall Mathilde , Abitbol Shirley , Traore Massiré , Metzger Nolwenn , Ravinger Roland , Cavard Catherine , Terris Benoit , Perret Christine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are known to be highly heterogenous. Within the extensive histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of HCC, tumors with mutations in CTNNB1, encoding β‐catenin (CTNNB1‐mutated HCC), constitute a very homogeneous group. We previously characterized a distinctive metabolic and histological phenotype for CTNNB1‐mutated HCC. They were found to be well‐differentiated, almost never steatotic, and often cholestatic, with a microtrabecular or acinar growth pattern. Here, we investigated whether LKB1, which controls energy metabolism, cell polarity, and cell growth, mediates the specific phenotype of CTNNB1‐mutated HCC. The LKB1 protein was overexpressed in CTNNB1‐mutated HCC and oncogenic activation of β‐catenin in human HCC cells induced the post‐transcriptional accumulation of the LKB1 protein encoded by the LKB1 (STK11) gene. Hierarchical clustering, based on the expression of a murine hepatic liver Lkb1 (Stk11) signature in a human public dataset, identified a HCC cluster, composed of almost all the CTNNB1‐mutated HCC, that expresses a hepatic liver LKB1 program. This was confirmed by RT‐qPCR of an independent cohort of CTNNB1‐mutated HCC and the suppression of the LKB1‐related profile upon β‐catenin silencing of CTNNB1‐mutated human hepatoma cell lines. Previous studies described an epistatic relationship between LKB1 and CTNNB1 in which LKB1 acts upstream of CTNNB1. Thus, we also analyzed the consequences of Lkb1 deletion on the zonation of hepatic metabolism, known to be the hallmark of β‐catenin signaling in the liver. Lkb1 was required for the establishment of metabolic zonation in the mouse liver by positively modulating β‐catenin signaling. We identified positive reciprocal cross talk between the canonical Wnt pathway and LKB1, both in normal liver physiology and during tumorigenesis that likely participates in the amplification of the β‐catenin signaling by LKB1 and the distinctive phenotype of the CTNNB1‐mutated HCC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel age‐related venous amyloidosis derived from EGF‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1
Authors: Tasaki Masayoshi , Ueda Mitsuharu , Hoshii Yoshinobu , Mizukami Mayumi , Matsumoto Sayaka , Nakamura Makoto , Yamashita Taro , Ueda Akihiko , Misumi Yohei , Masuda Teruaki , Inoue Yasuteru , Torikai Tessei , Nomura Toshiya , Tsuda Yukimoto , Kanenawa Kyosuke , Isoguchi Aito , Okada Masamitsu , Matsui Hirotaka , Obayashi Konen , Ando Yukio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMost intractable tissue‐degenerative disorders share a common pathogenic condition, so‐called proteinopathy. Amyloid‐related disorders are the most common proteinopathies and are characterized by amyloid fibril deposits in the brain or other organs. Aging is generally associated with the development of these amyloid‐related disorders, but we still do not fully understand how functional proteins become pathogenic amyloid deposits during the human aging process. We identified a novel amyloidogenic protein, named epidermal growth factor‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), in massive venous amyloid deposits in specimens that we obtained from an autopsied patient who died of gastrointestinal bleeding. Our postmortem analyses of additional patients indicate that EFEMP1 amyloid deposits frequently developed in systemic venous walls of elderly people. EFEMP1 was highly expressed in veins, and aging enhanced venous EFEMP1 expression. In addition, biochemical analyses indicated that these venous amyloid deposits consisted of C‐terminal regions of EFEMP1. In vitro studies showed that C‐terminal regions formed amyloid fibrils, which inhibited venous tube formation and cell viability. EFEMP1 thus caused a novel age‐related venous amyloid‐related disorder frequently found in the elderly population. Understanding EFEMP1 amyloid formation provides new insights into amyloid‐related disorders occurring during the aging process. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing predictors of statin initiation in US women over two decades
Authors: Kinsey Tracy L. , Stürmer Til , Poole Charles , Rothman Kenneth J. , Glynn Robert J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe changing roles of predictors of statin initiation before and after incident coronary heart disease, and before and after publication of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel‐III (ATP‐III) guidelines in a cohort of US women.MethodsWe identified 34 382 women enrolled into the Women's Health Study from 1993 to 1995 and followed up until 2012. Proportions of previous nonusers initiating statins were described over time. We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate adjusted initiation proportion differences (IPDs) for initiation overall, separately before and after incident coronary heart disease, and separately for ATP‐II and ATP‐III time periods.ResultsKey predictors of initiation overall were self‐reported total cholesterol, and previous incident coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes. Adjusted IPDs (percentage) for total cholesterol > 240 vs <200 mg/dL were 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.0‐8.0) and 9.3 (95% CI, 8.7‐9.9) during ATP‐II and ATP‐III time periods, respectively. Adjusted IPDs in women with diabetes were 7.0 (95% CI, 6.3‐7.8) and 11.9 (95% CI, 6.7‐17.0) for primary and secondary prevention, respectively, and 3.1 (95% CI, 2.1‐4.0) and 9.2 (95% CI 8.2‐10.2) for before and after ATP‐III, respectively.ConclusionsSecular trends reflected evolution toward risk factor‐based treatment indications for statin initiation with increased initiation among diabetics and women with normal and borderline cholesterol. The role of serum cholesterol changed over time, though the character was scale (multiplicative vs additive) dependent. In pharmacoepidemiologic studies of statins, strength of confounding by important variables sometimes unmeasured in claims data, such as cholesterol level, may be calendar time dependent.
An experimental and computational approach to pH‐dependent self‐aggregation of poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline)
Authors: Cagli Eda , Yildirim Erol , Yang Shuo‐Wang , Erel‐Goktepe Irem 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBesides temperature, self‐aggregation of poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PIPOX) can also be triggered via pH in aqueous solution (25 °C, pH > 5). Lowest energy structures and interaction energies of PIPOX with H3O+, OH−, and H2O were calculated by DFT methods showed that, in addition to their ability to protonate PIPOX, H3O+ ions had strong interaction with both water and PIPOX in acidic conditions. H3O+ ions acted as compatibilizer between PIPOX and water and increased the solubility of PIPOX. OH− ions were found to have stronger interaction with water compared to PIPOX resulting in desorption of water molecules from PIPOX phase and decreased solubility, leading to enhanced hydrophobic interactions among isopropyl groups of PIPOX and formation of aggregates at high pH. Results concerning the effect of end‐groups on aggregate size were in good agreement with statistical mechanics calculations. Moreover, the effect of polymer concentration on the aggregate size was examined. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 210–221
Size and Shape Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in “Far‐Field” Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Zhuang Yiqi , Liu Linlin , Wu Xiaoyan , Tian Yu , Zhou Xuehong , Xu Shuping , Xie Zengqi , Ma Yuguang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe “far‐field” surface plasmon resonance (FSPR) of metal nanoparticles, which have built a facile way to emission enhancement of red, green, blue, and white with nice reproducibility, has big potential application in solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). According to the theory of the “far‐field” effect, the reflectivity of the metal surface and the phase shift at the reflection play an important role in enhancing ratio, which strongly relate to the size and shape of nanoparticles. In this work, gold nanospheres with different sizes and nanorods are synthesized in order to determine the size and shape effect of FSPR. The results demonstrate that the one with higher reflectivity in a certain range induces a better emission enhancement in the luminous efficiency and the maximum brightness. The nanoparticles with bigger sizes and shape of rods have higher reflectivity, which is consistent with the simulation based on FSPR effect. The phase shifts of different nanoparticles are optimized by the distance between gold nanoparticles and emitters. The metal NPs with a high reflectivity and the applicable phase shift will have big potential for the emission enhancement in OLEDs.