bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The JNK signalling pathway gene BmJun is involved in the regulation of egg quality and production in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Wang Yu‐Guo , Liu An‐Qi , Khan Yasir , Zhang Yi , Wang Chen‐Chen , Song Yao‐Le , Du Jiang‐Han , Sima Yang‐Hu , Qiu Jian‐Feng , Xu Shi‐Qing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway has a key role in tissue remodelling during insect metamorphosis by regulating programmed cell death. However, multiple members of the JNK pathway in Lepidoptera remain uncharacterized. In this study, two key genes of the JNK pathway, BmJun and BmFos, were cloned from the silkworm Bombyx mori, a lepidopteran model insect, and their effects on reproductive development were investigated. BmJun and BmFos encode 239 and 380 amino acids, respectively. Both proteins have typical basic leucine zipper domains and form a BmJUN‐BmFOS dimer activator protein to exert transcriptional regulation. During the wandering stage of silkworm development, interference in BmJun expression had no effect on pupation, whereas B. mori vitellogenin (BmVg) expression, which is essential for egg development, was suppressed in the fat body and egg laying was significantly reduced. Additionally, numerous eggs appeared shrivelled and deformed, suggesting that they were nutritionally stunted. Inhibition of the JNK pathway caused abnormal pupal metamorphosis, an increase in shrivelled, unfertilized eggs, a decrease in fat body synthesis, and accumulation of BmVg in the ovaries of female B. mori. The results indicated that BmJUN and BmFOS can form an AP‐1 dimer. Interfering with BmJun or inhibiting the phosphorylation of BmJUN leads to a reduction in the synthesis of BmVg in the fat body and its accumulation in the ovaries, thereby affecting the quality and production of the progeny eggs. These findings suggest that regulating Jun in the JNK pathway could be a potential way to inhibit female reproduction in Lepidoptera.
Unveiling Thrips (Thysanoptera) as Nature's Unsung Pollinators: A Survey From Obligatory Thripophily to Thrips as Supplementary Pollinators
Authors: Augustine Neenu , Jose Anna , Chinnu Vikraman Sreekala , Rachana Rajan Remani 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThrips are minute, paraneopteran insects with diverse ecological histories and plant associations, encompassing herbivory, fungivory, pollination and predation. They are typically not widely adored insects as many species are regarded to be destructive crop pests and vectors of crop diseases. Nevertheless, certain thrips play a significant role in pollination as they traverse from flower to flower with pollen attached to their bodies. However, most studies on relationships between flowering plants and pollinators have overlooked the prevalence and association of thrips with flowers, and the pollination services were often incorrectly attributed to wind, bees or other agents. This is primarily due to the minute size and cryptic behaviour of thrips, their limited range of movement and minimal structural modifications to carry and disperse pollen. In recent times, the involvement of thrips in pollination was investigated by many researchers and their role was established partly or fully in several angiosperm families. Their role in pollination through specialised thripophily, as minor or secondary pollinators, or via ambophily is well‐established now. The present paper reviews the evidence of pollen transfer by thrips, obligate and nonobligate pollination relationships between plants and pollinator thrips, evolutionary aspects of thripophily, morphological and physiological adaptations in thrips and floral syndromes associated with thripophily.
The proinflammatory status, based on preoperative interleukin‐6, predicts postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis and associated postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Ji Yuchen , Chen Haoda , Xu Zhiwei , Zhou Yiran , Fu Ningzhen , Li Hongzhe , Zhai Shuyu , Deng Xiaxing , Shen Baiyong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimEarly predictors of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) can guide tailored postoperative management. Preoperative inflammatory data in patients who underwent PD remained poorly studied in investigating the clinical significance of predicting postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (PPAP) and PPAP‐associated postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF).MethodsThe clinical data of 467 patients receiving PD between January 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative inflammatory data were stratified according to PPAP, and independent risk factors were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to compare risk factors of PPAP‐associated POPF and non‐PPAP‐associated POPF.ResultsPPAP occurred in 17.6% of patients. The incidence of other complications increased following PPAP. Among the preoperative inflammatory factors, only interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) increased (P < 0.001), leading to a higher incidence of PPAP and POPF (P < 0.001; P = 0.002). The area under the curve of IL‐6 in predicting PPAP was 0.71 (0.65–0.77; P < 0.001). Abnormal preoperative IL‐6 levels (odds ratio [OR]: 5.01; P < 0.001), soft pancreatic texture (OR: 2.15; P = 0.007), and pathology (OR: 2.03; P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for PPAP. The subgroup analysis showed that increased IL‐6 (OR: 1.01; P = 0.006) and soft pancreatic texture (OR: 2.05; P = 0.033) resulted in a higher risk of PPAP‐associated POPF, while increased IL‐8 (OR: 1.01; P = 0.007), older age (OR: 1.05; P = 0.008), and higher body mass index (OR: 1.12; P = 0.021) correlated with non‐PPAP‐associated POPF.ConclusionPPAP is common after PD; a high preoperative IL‐6 level can predict its occurrence, in addition to associated POPF, which could be due to a preoperative proinflammatory status.
Enhancing detection of various pancreatic lesions on endoscopic ultrasound through artificial intelligence: a basis for computer‐aided detection systems
Authors: Konikoff Tom , Loebl Nadav , Benson Ariel A. , Green Orr , Sandler Hunter , Gingold‐Belfer Rachel , Levi Zohar , Perl Leor , Dotan Iris , Shamah Steven 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive method for evaluation of pancreatic lesions but is limited by significant operator dependency. Artificial intelligence (AI), in the form of computer‐aided detection (CADe) systems, has shown potential in increasing accuracy and bridging operator dependency in several endoscopic domains. However, the complexity of integrating AI into EUS is far more challenging. This aims to develop and test the basis for a CADe system for real‐time detection and segmentation of all pancreatic lesions.MethodsIn this single‐center study EUS studies of pancreatic findings were included. Lesions were outlined by two expert (>5 years performing EUS) endoscopists, and the two leading types of models were benchmarked. The models' performance was evaluated through per‐pixel intersection over union (IoU).ResultsA total of 1497 EUS images from 165 patients were evaluated. The dataset included malignancies, neuroendocrine tumors, benign cysts, chronic and acute pancreatitis, normal fatty pancreas, and benign lesions. The best model demonstrated detection and segmentation on the test set with a mean IoU of 0.73, achieving a PPV, NPV, total accuracy, and ROC of 0.82, 0.96, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively. The algorithm is adaptable for real‐time processing.ConclusionsWe developed and tested deep learning models for real‐time detection and segmentation of pancreatic lesions during EUS with promising results. This constitutes the basis for a CADe system for EUS, which could be valuable in future detection and evaluation of pancreatic lesions. Further studies for validation and generalization are underway.
Evaluation of thin‐threaded implants primary stability in type IV bone right after maxillary sinus floor elevation: A human cadaver study
Authors: Coutant Jean‐Christophe , Canepa Camilla , Naveau Adrien , Sedarat Cyril , Lauverjat Yves , Ella Bruno 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThe bone‐implant interface plays a crucial role in obtaining sufficient primary stability for dental implants in weak bone supports. The aim of this human cadaver study was to evaluate the primary stability of new thin‐threaded implants when placed in type IV bone right after maxillary sinus floor elevation.Materials and MethodsThe study followed the CACTUS (ChAracteristics of Cadaver Training and sUrgical Studies) guidelines. Twenty‐four edentulous maxillary posterior zones with type IV bone and a residual bone height of 4 mm were selected using computed tomography scans. First, an osteotome sinus floor elevation was performed (C.M.C Tech, IBS IMPLANT, Daejeon, South Korea). Implants with thin threads (MagiCore, IBS IMPLANT, Daejeon, South Korea) were placed simultaneously. Samples were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1): 11 mm‐long implants with an elevation of 8 mm; Group 2 (G2): 7 mm‐long implants with an elevation of 4 mm. Primary stability was assessed using resonance frequency analysis (RFA).ResultsThe average primary stability values in the mesiodistal (MD) direction were 45.67 ± 3.09 Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) for G1 and 38.76 ± 16.94 ISQ for G2, and in the buccolingual direction were 43.33 ± 13.23 ISQ for G1 and 38.47 ± 16.14 ISQ for G2.ConclusionsThe primary stability of the thin‐threaded implants was compatible with clinical osseointegration in sinus sites with limited bone contact area in both experimental situations. Clinical studies are needed to confirm these encouraging results.
Disruption of Melatonin Signaling Leads to Lipids Accumulation in the Liver of Melatonin Proficient Mice
Authors: Goyal Varunika , Tosini Gianluca 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMelatonin signaling via melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) and type 2 (MT2) plays an important role in the regulation of several physiological functions. Studies in rodents and humans have demonstrated that disruption of melatonin signaling may affect glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and leptin levels. Accumulating experimental evidence also indicates that in rodents the administration of exogenous melatonin has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid levels. However, the molecular mechanism by which melatonin signaling may regulate lipids is still unclear. In addition, most of the studies with mice have been performed in melatonin‐deficient mice by administering exogenous melatonin at supraphysiological doses. Hence the results of these studies may be greatly affected by these two factors. In this study, we report the effects of melatonin signaling removal on the liver biology and transcriptome using melatonin‐proficient mice (C3H‐f+/f+) in which MT1 or MT2 have been genetically ablated. Our data indicate that the absence of MT1 or MT2 signaling leads to disruption of the blood lipids profile and an increase in lipids deposition in the liver. These effects were more pronounced in the mice lacking MT1 than MT2. The gene expression profiles obtained with RNA‐seq from the livers of the three genotypes revealed that removal of MT1 affected the transcription of 4255 genes (i.e., 40.6%). Conversely, the removal of MT2 affected the transcription of 1864 transcripts (i.e., 17.2%). Finally, we identified a group of 13 genes involved in lipids biology that may play a key role in the accumulation of lipids in the liver when melatonin signaling is disrupted. In conclusion, our study indicates that melatonin signaling is an important modulator of liver physiology and metabolism. Our study also indicated that the removal of MT1 signaling is more deleterious than MT2 removal.
Interrogation questions to native and non‐native eyewitnesses: The role of witness credibility
Authors: Raver Arman , Lindholm Torun , Hassoun Sofie Liljestrand , Alm Charlotte 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study examined how the language of eyewitnesses (native vs. non‐native) and their perceived credibility influence the interrogation questions posed to them.MethodIn a previous study (Raver et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 2023, 14, 1240822), participants, assuming the role of interrogators, watched either a native or non‐native speaking eyewitness testify and were then asked to formulate interrogation questions to gather more information, as well as rate the witness’s credibility. In the present study, a new set of participants (N = 207) evaluated a subset of these interrogation questions in terms of (1) how leading they were, (2) whether the interrogator cast doubt on something the witness had said and (3) how open‐ended they were. The moderating role of witnesses’ perceived credibility on question framing was also examined.ResultsResults showed no main effect of language (native vs. non‐native) on any question type. For native speakers, lower (vs. higher) credibility led to more expressions of doubt. For non‐native speakers, credibility levels (high vs. low) had no effect on question framing.ConclusionThese findings highlight complex patterns in interrogation questioning that vary by witness language and perceived credibility, revealing a critical area for further exploration to mitigate potential cross‐linguistic biases. We discuss the study’s limitations and advocate for future research in diverse legal contexts to ensure fairness and uphold the integrity of witness testimonies across languages.
Salicylic acid priming before cadmium exposure increases wheat growth but does not uniformly reverse cadmium effects on membrane glycerolipids
Authors: Colak N. , Kurt‐Celebi A. , Roth M. R. , Welti R. , Torun H. , Ayaz F. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an abiotic stressor negatively affecting plant growth and reducing crop productivity. The effects of Cd (25 μM) and of pre‐soaking seeds with salicylic acid (SA) (500 μM) on morphological, physiological, and glycerolipid changes in two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Tosunbey’ and ‘Cumhuriyet’) were explored.
Parameters measured were length, fresh and dry biomass, Cd concentration, osmotic potential (ψ), lipid peroxidation, and polar lipid species in roots and leaves, as well as leaf chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and fv/fm.
Fresh biomass of roots and leaves and leaf length were strongly depressed by Cd treatment compared to the control, but significantly increased with SA + Cd compared to Cd alone. Cd reduced leaf levels of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and fv/fm, compared to controls. Treatment with SA + Cd increased pigment levels and fv/fm compared to Cd alone. Cd treatment led to a decrease in DW of total membrane lipids in leaves and depressed levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid in leaves and roots of both cultivars.
The effects of SA priming and SA + Cd treatment on lipid content and composition were cultivar‐specific, suggesting that lipid metabolism may not be a primary target underlying SA remediation of the damaging effects of Cd on wheat growth and development.
Environmental impact of inhaled medicines: A Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand position statement
Authors: Wurzel Danielle F. , Montgomery Brett D. , Anderson Natalie , Schneider‐Futschik Elena K. , George Johnson , Bosnic‐Anticevich Sinthia , Stone Emily , Hancox Robert J. , Fingleton James , Kuek Stephanie , Tope Helen , Blakey John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobally, more than 1.2 billion inhalers are purchased for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) annually. In Australia and New Zealand, pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are the leading delivery device prescribed and pMDI salbutamol can be purchased over the counter in Australia. These inhalers are a major contributor to healthcare related greenhouse gases. This is due to the propellants that they currently contain which have extremely high global warming potential (GWP). In this position paper, we report the findings of a Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) working group on the environmental impact of inhaled respiratory medicines. We reviewed the use of inhaled medicines in Australia and New Zealand and their contribution to climate change and other environmental degradation. We propose strategies for health professionals and consumers to reduce environmental impact in the management of airway diseases. These include accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary treatment, better disease control to minimize the need for reliever therapy and actively choosing inhaler devices with lower environmental impacts when clinically appropriate. Inhaler selection should be tailored to the individual, aiming to achieve the best possible clinical outcome. Choosing an appropriate inhaler for an individual involves consideration of factors such as dexterity, inspiratory capacity and cost. In our current climate emergency and with the availability of lower carbon alternatives, health professionals should also consider environmental impact.image
Does the left–right cleavage matter in local politics? An analysis of local party manifestos across municipal sizes
Authors: Reuse Raf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn comparative political science the question whether the local political space can be structured along a left–right dimension is being strongly debated. A growing body of research underpins the relevance of left and right in local politics, but these studies are often conducted from the perspective of voters and, above all, in large cities. In order to close these gaps in the literature, this paper addresses the shape of the local political space and the role of municipal size by analysing 257 local party manifestos in the context of Flanders (Belgium). With the help of Wordscores, local parties' policy positions on the general, economic and cultural left–right dimension in small, medium‐sized and large municipalities are analysed. The findings show a strong ideological resemblance between local branches of the same party and between local branches and their national party, but this relationship is not affected by municipal size.
Influence of Prestretch on Planar Indentation of Elastomers: Insights From Experiments and Theory
Authors: Wu Simeng , Zheng Yue Luna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Elastomers exhibit a stiffer mechanical response and anisotropy when stretched in a specific direction, which has led to numerous applications in biomechanics, surgery, tactile sensors, and more. This study introduces a comprehensive, experimentally validated analytical framework to investigate the effects of prestretch on the planar contact between a rigid indenter and a hyperelastic substrate. By linearizing the equilibrium equation for incremental deformation, we adapt the superposition principle to reveal how prestretch modifies the mechanical response, which is reflected in a simple prefactor in the surface Green’s function. This modification facilitates precise calculation of contact mechanics properties, including indentation pressure distributions and displacement profiles, which are essential for assessing both global and local properties, e.g., force–displacement responses. We further support our theoretical findings with numerical simulations and validate them through cylindrical indentation tests across various stretch ratios. These outcomes emphasize the feasibility of using our first-order approximation theory in practical settings, especially for the mechanical characterization of materials involving residual stress analysis and the development of advanced, model-based adaptive tactile sensors.
Prediction of Steady and Unsteady Flow Quantities Using Multiscale Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Strönisch Sebastian , Sander Maximilian , Meyer Marcus , Knüpfer Andreas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Analysis, optimization, and uncertainty quantification of the aerodynamic behavior of turbomachinery components is a fundamental part of the current industrial design process and requires the extensive use of compute-intensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. This paper explores the potential of graph neural networks as surrogate models to accelerate the design process, for example, in a multi-fidelity framework. Graph neural networks promise to provide good estimates of flow quantities while maintaining the geometric accuracy at a fraction of the computational effort of CFD. To assess the performance of such methods, a state-of-the-art graph neural network is applied to a turbomachinery setup of industry-relevant mesh size. In particular, a multiscale graph neural network is used to overcome the problems of large information distances when applying message-passing based graph-net blocks to large meshes. The training database consists of a space-filling design of experiment of 100 CFD solutions with different geometries. The first use case encompasses the prediction of flow quantities of the complete fluid domain with 2.5×106 mesh points. The second use case focuses on predicting a single scalar (e.g., pressure) on surface meshes with up to 30×103 mesh points. In both cases, the networks predict time-averaged and unsteady flow fields on unstructured meshes of variable point sizes for new geometries not present in the training set. The results demonstrate the proficiency of the approach in predicting time-averaged and unsteady flow quantities on surfaces as well as for full fluid domains for new geometries.
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement of Velocity Fields Surrounding Cloud Cavitation Induced by Submerged Water-Jet
Authors: Ushioku Takahiro , Yoshimura Hiroaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is well known that cloud cavitation shows growth and collapse behavior in an extremely short period of time, and how the velocity fields appear associated with the unsteady behavior of the cloud has not been well understood. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the velocity fields surrounding the cloud induced by a pulsed submerged water-jet injection. To do this, we employ the fluorescent Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method, by which particle images are recorded by a high-speed camera with 300,000 frames per second, and the two-dimensional velocity and vorticity fields in the unsteady behavior of the cloud, namely, the inception, growth, collapse and rebound are measured. In particular, we illustrate that flows of twin vortices appear near the cloud and move along its boundary associated with its growth and shrink behaviors. Then they collide with each other, disappear just before the collapse of the cloud, and finally reappear in the high vorticity regions just after the cloud collapse. These facts suggest that the unsteady behaviors of the cloud induce the motion of the twin vortices. Further, we shall make some comparisons between the observations in experiments and those obtained by our previous numerical study.