bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle Glycogen Utilization During an Australian Rules Football Game
Authors: Routledge Harry E. , Leckey Jill J. , Lee Matt J. , Garnham Andrew , Graham Stuart , Burgess Darren , Burke Louise M. , Erskine Robert M. , Close Graeme L. , Morton James P. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To better understand the carbohydrate (CHO) requirement of Australian Football (AF) match play by quantifying muscle glycogen utilization during an in-season AF match. Methods: After a 24-h CHO-loading protocol of 8 and 2 g/kg in the prematch meal, 2 elite male forward players had biopsies sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after participation in a South Australian Football League game. Player A (87.2 kg) consumed water only during match play, whereas player B (87.6 kg) consumed 88 g CHO via CHO gels. External load was quantified using global positioning system technology. Results: Player A completed more minutes on the ground (115 vs 98 min) and covered greater total distance (12.2 vs 11.2 km) than player B, although with similar high-speed running (837 vs 1070 m) and sprinting (135 vs 138 m). Muscle glycogen decreased by 66% in player A (pre: 656 mmol/kg dry weight [dw], post: 223 mmol/kg dw) and 24% in player B (pre: 544 mmol/kg dw, post: 416 mmol/kg dw). Conclusion: Prematch CHO loading elevated muscle glycogen concentrations (ie, >500 mmol/kg dw), the magnitude of which appears sufficient to meet the metabolic demands of elite AF match play. The glycogen cost of AF match play may be greater than in soccer and rugby, and CHO feeding may also spare muscle glycogen use. Further studies using larger sample sizes are now required to quantify the interindividual variability of glycogen cost of match play (including muscle and fiber-type-specific responses), as well examining potential metabolic and ergogenic effects of CHO feeding.
Replication Fork Breakage and Restart in Escherichia coli
Authors: Michel Bénédicte , Sinha Anurag K. , Leach David R. F. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY

In all organisms, replication impairments are an important source of genome rearrangements, mainly because of the formation of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) ends at inactivated replication forks. Three reactions for the formation of dsDNA ends at replication forks were originally described for
Escherichia coli
and became seminal models for all organisms: the encounter of replication forks with preexisting single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) interruptions, replication fork reversal, and head-to-tail collisions of successive replication rounds. Here, we first review the experimental evidence that now allows us to know when, where, and how these three different reactions occur in
E. coli
. Next, we recall our recent studies showing that in wild-type
E. coli
, spontaneous replication fork breakage occurs in 18% of cells at each generation. We propose that it results from the replication of preexisting nicks or gaps, since it does not involve replication fork reversal or head-to-tail fork collisions. In the
recB
mutant, deficient for double-strand break (DSB) repair, fork breakage triggers DSBs in the chromosome terminus during cell division, a reaction that is heritable for several generations. Finally, we recapitulate several observations suggesting that restart from intact inactivated replication forks and restart from recombination intermediates require different sets of enzymatic activities. The finding that 18% of cells suffer replication fork breakage suggests that DNA remains intact at most inactivated forks. Similarly, only 18% of cells need the helicase loader for replication restart, which leads us to speculate that the replicative helicase remains on DNA at intact inactivated replication forks and is reactivated by the replication restart proteins.
Pulseless electrical activity: a misdiagnosed entity during asphyxia in newborn infants?
Authors: Patel Sparsh , Cheung Po-Yin , Solevåg Anne Lee , Barrington Keith J , Kamlin C Omar Farouk , Davis Peter G , Schmölzer Georg M 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe 2015 neonatal resuscitation guidelines added ECG as a recommended method of assessment of an infant’s heart rate (HR) when determining the need for resuscitation at birth. However, a recent case report raised concerns about this technique in the delivery room.ObjectivesTo compare accuracy of ECG with auscultation to assess asystole in asphyxiated piglets.MethodsNeonatal piglets had the right common carotid artery exposed and enclosed with a real-time ultrasonic flow probe and HR was continuously measured and recorded using ECG. This set-up allowed simultaneous monitoring of HR via ECG and carotid blood flow (CBF). The piglets were exposed to 30 min normocapnic alveolar hypoxia followed by asphyxia until asystole, achieved by disconnecting the ventilator and clamping the endotracheal tube. Asystole was defined as zero carotid blood flow and was compared with ECG traces and auscultation for heart sounds using a neonatal/infant stethoscope.ResultsOverall, 54 piglets were studied with a median (IQR) duration of asphyxia of 325 (200-491) s. In 14 (26%) piglets, CBF, ECG and auscultation identified asystole. In 23 (43%) piglets, we observed no CBF and no audible heart sounds, while ECG displayed an HR ranging from 15 to 80/min. Sixteen (30%) piglets remained bradycardic (defined as HR of <100/min) after 10 min of asphyxia, identified by CBF, ECG and auscultation.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of the potential inaccuracy of ECG assessment during asphyxia in newborn infants and should rather rely on assessment using a combination of auscultation, palpation, pulse oximetry and ECG.
Patient-reported outcome measurements in clinical routine of trauma, spine and craniomaxillofacial surgeons: between expectations and reality: a survey among 1212 surgeons
Authors: Joeris Alexander , Knoll Christian , Kalampoki Vasiliki , Blumenthal Andrea , Gaskell George 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo gain information about the advantages/disadvantages of an implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) into the clinical routine of trauma/orthopaedic surgeons, and to identify the technical constraints confronting a successful implementation of PROMs.DesignOnline survey.ParticipantsSurgeons who are members of the AO Foundation.MeasuresParticipants answered questions regarding demographics, their familiarity with specific and generic PROMs and the use of PROMs in clinical routine. Furthermore, reasons for/against using PROMs, why not used more often, prerequisites to implement PROMs into clinical routine and whether PROMs would be implemented if adequate tools/technologies were available, were solicited. Χ2tests and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate the effect of the AO Region, surgeon specialisation, current position, clinical experience, and workplace on the familiarity with disease-specific PROMs, the familiarity with generic PROMs and the current use of PROMs. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify issues underlying the extent of PROM usage.Results1212 surgeons completed the survey (response rate: 6.8%; margin of error: ±2.72%): 54.2% were trauma/orthopaedic surgeons, 16.6% were spine surgeons, 27.9% were craniomaxillofacial surgeons and 16 had no defined specialty. Working in a certain AO Region, surgical specialisation and current workplace were associated with a higher familiarity of disease-specific PROMs and the use of PROMs in daily clinical routine (p≤0.05). Exploratory factor analysis identified four categories important for the use of PROMs and two categories preventing the use of PROMs. In case of the availability of an adequate tool, 66.2% of surgeons would implement PROMs in clinical routine.ConclusionsOur survey results provide an understanding of the use of PROMs in clinical routine. There is consensus on the usefulness of PROMs. User-friendly and efficient tools/technologies would be a prerequisite for the daily use of PROMs. Additionally, educational efforts and/or policies might help.
Telemedicine for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in long-term care facilities: the DETECT study, methods of a cluster randomised controlled trial to assess feasibility
Authors: Piau Antoine , Nourhashemi Fati , De Mauléon Adélaïde , Tchalla Achille , Vautier Claude , Vellas Bruno , Duboue Maryline , Costa Nadège , Rumeau Pierre , Lepage Benoit , Soto Martin Maria 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) in elderly patients with dementia are frequent in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and are associated with adverse events. Telemedicine is an emerging way to provide consultation and care to dependent LTCF residents who may not have easy access to specialty services. Several studies have evaluated telemedicine for dementia care but to date, no study has evaluated its impact in the management of NPS in patients with dementia living in LTCF.Methods and analysisThe Dementia in long-term care facilities: Telemedicine for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms (DETECT) study is a 24-month multicentre prospective cluster randomised controlled study with two arms: a control arm (usual care) and an intervention arm (telemedicine consultation) for NPSs management. DETECT enrolled 20 LTCFs. The primary outcome is based on the acceptability of the telemedicine among the LTCF staff which will be assessed in the intervention group by quantitative and qualitative indicators. The rate of unscheduled hospitalisations and/or consultations due to disruptive NPSs, psychotropic drug use and health costs will be described in both groups. Approximately, 200 patients are expected to be recruited.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved and sponsored by the French Ministry of Health. The study received ethical approval from the Toulouse University Hospital Institutional Review Board. We will communicate the final results to the public via conferences and results will also be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT02472015.
The effect of adherence to spectacle wear on early developing literacy: a longitudinal study based in a large multiethnic city, Bradford, UK
Authors: Bruce Alison , Kelly Brian , Chambers Bette , Barrett Brendan T , Bloj Marina , Bradbury John , Sheldon Trevor A 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of adherence to spectacle wear on visual acuity (VA) and developing literacy following vision screening at age 4–5 years.DesignLongitudinal study nested within the Born in Bradford birth cohort.Setting and participantsObservation of 944 children: 432 had failed vision screening and were referred (treatment group) and 512 randomly selected (comparison group) who had passed (<0.20 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) in both eyes). Spectacle wear was observed in school for 2 years following screening and classified as adherent (wearing spectacles at each assessment) or non-adherent.Main outcome measuresAnnual measures of VA using a crowded logMAR test. Literacy was measured by Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised subtest: letter identification.ResultsThe VA of all children improved with increasing age, −0.009 log units per month (95% CI −0.011 to −0.007) (worse eye). The VA of the adherent group improved significantly more than the comparison group, by an additional −0.008 log units per month (95% CI −0.009 to −0.007) (worse eye) and −0.004 log units per month (95% CI −0.005 to −0.003) in the better eye.Literacy was associated with the VA, letter identification (ID) reduced by −0.9 (95% CI −1.15 to −0.64) for every one line (0.10 logMAR) fall in VA (better eye). This association remained after adjustment for socioeconomic and demographic factors (−0.33, 95% CI −0.54 to −0.12). The adherent group consistently demonstrated higher letter-ID scores compared with the non-adherent group, with the greatest effect size (0.11) in year 3.ConclusionsEarly literacy is associated with the level of VA; children who adhere to spectacle wear improve their VA and also have the potential to improve literacy. Our results suggest failure to adhere to spectacle wear has implications for the child’s vision and education.
Emollient prescribing formularies in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chan Jonathan , Boyd Grace , Quinn Patrick A , Ridd Matthew J 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo identify and compare emollient formularies across all clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) and local health boards (LHBs) in England and Wales.DesignFormularies were retrieved via CCG/LHB websites or Google search (October 2016–February 2017). Data on structure and content were extracted, and descriptive analyses were undertaken.Setting209 English CCGs and 7 Welsh LHBs.Main outcome measuresNumber and structure of formularies; number, type and name of emollients and bath additive recommendedandnot recommended; and any rationale given.Results102formularies were identified, which named 109 emollients and 24 bath additives. Most were structured in an ‘order of preference’ (63%) and/or formulation (51%) format. Creams and ointments were the most commonly recommended types of emollients, and three ointments were the most commonly recommended specific emollients (71%–79% of formularies). However, there was poor consensus over which emollient should be used first line and 4 out of 10 of the most recommended lotions and creams contained antimicrobials or urea. Patient preference (60%) and/or cost (58%) were the most common reasons given for the recommendations. Of the 82% of formularies that recommend the use of bath additives, 75% did not give any reasons for their recommendation.ConclusionsEmollient formularies in England and Wales vary widely in their structure, recommendations and rationale. The reasons for such inconsistencies are unclear, risk confusion and make for inequitable regional variation. There is poor justification for multiple different, conflicting formularies.
Improving the use of treatment escalation plans: a quality-improvement study
Authors: Sayma Meelad , Nowell George , O’Connor Aedamar , Clark Gemma , Gaukroger Andrew , Proctor Dominic , Walsh Jamie , Rigney Brian , Norman Storm , Adedeji Andrew , Wilson David , O’hagan Darren , Cook Victoria , Carrington Robbie , Sekaran Preshgena , Wehbe Maya , Paterson Duncan , Welchman Sophie , Over Jay , Payne Sheila 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTreatment escalation plans (TEPs) are vital in communicating a ceiling of care. However, many patients still deteriorate and die without a pre-established ceiling of care for attending clinicians to rely on. We aimed to increase the proportion of suitable patients that have TEPs in place in a rural district general hospital.MethodsWe undertook three ‘Plan-Do-Study-Act’ (PDSA) cycles between 1 December 2016 and 9 June 2017. These cycles aimed to assess the problem, implement a solution and monitor its sustainability. We sampled all acute medical admissions at different time points, focusing on the acute medical unit. We identified patients requiring TEP forms using SupportiveandPalliative Care Indicators Tool. Stakeholders were surveyed during the project, and a process communication map was developed to understand the human interfaces that occur when producing a TEP.ResultsWe sampled a total of 323 patients (PDSA 1, n=128; PDSA 2, n=95; PDSA 3, n=100). Following implementation of a ‘talking to your doctor about treatment’ leaflet, the proportion of patients who did not have a TEP but required one fell from 43% (n=38, PDSA 1) to 27% (n=20, PDSA 3) then to 23% (n=77, PDSA 3) (CI 0.6631 to 39.917, p=0.028).ConclusionsThis study highlights the challenges of TEP form completion. The impact of our intervention appeared to raise awareness of advanced care planning. The information contained in our leaflet could be distributed in more innovative ways to ensure patients unable to access textual information are able to receive this message.
Gold in Stream Sediments from the Sardinia Crystalline Basement (Italy)
Authors: Valera P. , Sanna A. , Marcello A. , Pretti S. 
Published: June 2018

From the first half of the 1970s to the early 2000s, more than 33 000 samples of stream sediments have been collected in Sardinia over the course of several mineral prospecting campaigns. The sets of elements determined in each campaign varied, although analyses for most of the ore-related metals were normally performed. On this basis, the distribution of gold was studied because, in the set of metals known in the metallogeny of Sardinia, this metal was the last to prove economically recoverable.
For this study, the territory of the whole island was subdivided into 110 districts and 26 sectors. This subdivision takes into account both the overall geological–lithological characteristics of each district and the total number of samples collected inside its limits.
The results show that the metamorphic-dominated areas display a number of samples containing more than 20 ppb Au. This number is much higher than that observed in the granitic areas, not only as an absolute value, but also in relative frequency, which is more than twice that in the granitic areas. These high Au values are clearly clustered and related to ore-bearing structures.
Reprocessing and interpretation of deep structures in a regional transect of the Parnaíba Basin, Brazil
Authors: Manenti Rafael R. , Souza Wilker E. , Porsani Milton J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Parnaíba cratonic basin is located in the NE of Brazil and its sedimentation started in the Silurian with the Serra Grande Group. Deep reflection seismic data were acquired along a 1400 km-long profile, with 20 s of two-way travel time (TWT) across the basin. Using these data, we were able to interpret and conjecture about the composition complexity level of the crust and mantle from the features presented in the lower crust, Moho reflector and upper mantle. In addition, the presence of basaltic intrusions from the Sardinha and Mosquito formations are mapped as outcrops and magnetic anomalies on the geological map, and by correlating these areas of occurrence with the lack of the Moho in the seismic section may suggest that these igneous bodies, in some way, contribute to the lack of signal seen in parts of the data.
Inhibition of HER2 Increases JAGGED1-dependent Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Role for Membrane JAGGED1
Authors: Shah Deep , Wyatt Debra , Baker Andrew T. , Simms Patricia , Peiffer Daniel S. , Fernandez Michelle , Rakha Emad , Green Andrew , Filipovic Alexandra , Miele Lucio , Osipo Clodia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: HER2-positive breast cancer is driven by cells possessing stem-like properties of self-renewal and differentiation, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are implicated in radiotherapy, chemotherapy resistance, and tumor recurrence. NOTCH promotes breast CSC survival and self-renewal, and overexpression of NOTCH1 and the NOTCH ligand JAGGED1 predict poor outcome. Resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+ breast cancer requires NOTCH1, and that combination of trastuzumab and a gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) prevents tumor relapse in xenograft models.
Experimental Design: The current study investigates mechanisms by which HER2 tyrosine kinase activity regulates NOTCH-dependent CSC survival and tumor initiation.
Results: Lapatinib-mediated HER2 inhibition shifts the population of HER2+ breast cancer cells from low membrane JAGGED1 expression to higher levels, independent of sensitivity to anti-HER2 treatment within the bulk cell population. This increase in membrane JAGGED1 is associated with higher NOTCH receptor expression, activation, and enrichment of CSCs in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, lapatinib treatment results in growth arrest and cell death of JAGGED1 low-expressing cells while the JAGGED1 high-expressing cells continue to cycle. High membrane JAGGED1 protein expression predicts poor overall cumulative survival in women with HER2+ breast cancer.
Conclusions: These results indicate that higher membrane JAGGED1 expression may be used to either predict response to anti-HER2 therapy or for detection of NOTCH-sensitive CSCs posttherapy. Sequential blockade of HER2 followed by JAGGED1 or NOTCH could be more effective than simultaneous blockade to prevent drug resistance and tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4566–78. ©2018 AACR.
DNA Methylation of Telomere-Related Genes and Cancer Risk
Authors: Joyce Brian T. , Zheng Yinan , Nannini Drew , Zhang Zhou , Liu Lei , Gao Tao , Kocherginsky Masha , Murphy Robert , Yang Hushan , Achenbach Chad J. , Roberts Lewis R. , Hoxha Mirjam , Shen Jincheng , Vokonas Pantel , Schwartz Joel , Baccarelli Andrea , Hou Lifang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Researchers hypothesized that telomere shortening facilitates carcinogenesis. Previous studies found inconsistent associations between blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and cancer. Epigenetic reprogramming of telomere maintenance mechanisms may help explain this inconsistency. We examined associations between DNA methylation in telomere-related genes (TRG) and cancer. We analyzed 475 participants providing 889 samples 1 to 3 times (median follow-up, 10.1 years) from 1999 to 2013 in the Normative Aging Study. All participants were cancer-free at each visit and blood leukocytes profiled using the Illumina 450K array. Of 121 participants who developed cancer, 34 had prostate cancer, 10 melanoma, 34 unknown skin malignancies, and 43 another cancer. We examined 2,651 CpGs from 80 TRGs and applied a combination of Cox and mixed models to identify CpGs prospectively associated with cancer (at FDR &lt; 0.05). We also explored trajectories of DNA methylation, logistic regression stratified by time to diagnosis/censoring, and cross-sectional models of LTL at first blood draw. We identified 30 CpGs on 23 TRGs whose methylation was positively associated with cancer incidence (β = 1.0–6.93) and one protective CpG in MAD1L1 (β = −0.65), of which 87% were located in TRG promoters. Methylation trajectories of 21 CpGs increased in cancer cases relative to controls; at 4 to 8 years prediagnosis/censoring, 17 CpGs were positively associated with cancer. Three CpGs were cross-sectionally associated with LTL. TRG methylation may be a mechanism through which LTL dynamics reflect cancer risk. Future research should confirm these findings and explore potential mechanisms underlying these findings, including telomere maintenance and DNA repair dysfunction. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 511–22. ©2018 AACR.