bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐ and nanorobots from magnetic particles: Fabrication, control, and applications
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Yang Tao , Li Quan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetic microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have long been used as ideal miniaturized delivery and detection platforms. Their use as micro‐ and nanorobots (MNRs) is also emerging in the recent years with the help of more dedicated external magnetic field manipulations. In this review, we summarize the research progress on magnetic micro‐ and nanoparticle (MNP)‐based MNRs. First, the fabrication of micro‐ and nanorobots from either template‐assisted NP doping methods or directly synthesized MPs is summarized. The external driving torque sources for both types of MNRs are analyzed, and their propulsion control under low Reynolds number flows is discussed by evaluating symmetry breaking mechanisms and interparticle interactions. Subsequently, the use of these MNRs as scientific models, bioimaging agents, active delivery, and treatment platforms (drug and cell delivery, and sterilization), and biomedical diagnostics has also been reviewed. Finally, the perspective of MNPs‐based MNRs was outlined, including challenges and future directions.
A random encounter model for wildlife density estimation with vertically oriented camera traps
Authors: He Shuiqing , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Lin Hanzhe , Carbone Chris , Liefting Yorick , Thapa Shyam K. , Shrestha Bishnu P. , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe random encounter model (REM) estimates animal densities from camera‐trap data by correcting capture rates for a set of biological variables of the animals (average group size, speed and activity level) and characteristics of camera sensors. The REM has been widely used for setups in which cameras are mounted on trees or other structures aimed parallel to the ground. Here, we modify the REM formula to accommodate an alternative field of view acquired with vertically oriented camera traps, a type of deployment used to avoid camera theft and damage. We show how the calculations can be adapted to account for a different detection zone with minor modifications. We find that the effective detection area can be close to a rectangle with dimensions influenced by the properties of the Fresnel lens of the camera's motion sensor, the body mass of different species and the height of the camera. The other REM parameters remain the same. We tested the modified REM (vREM) by applying it to wildlife data collected with vertically oriented camera traps in Bardia National Park, Nepal. We further validated that the effective detection area for the camera model used was best approximated as a rectangle shape using maximum likelihood estimation. Density estimates obtained broadly matched independent density estimates for nine species from the previous studies in Bardia with varying body sizes by four orders of magnitude. We conclude that these modifications allow the REM to be effectively used for mammal density estimation for species with a wide range of body sizes, with vertically oriented camera traps.
Introducing Degradable Cationic Nanogels Carrying TLR9 Stimulating Oligonucleotides
Authors: Fuchs Alexander , Czysch Christian , Maxeiner Konrad , Winterwerber Pia , Schmitt Sascha , Stickdorn Judith , Zhong Zifu , Medina‐Montano Carolina , Räder Hans‐Joachim , Bros Matthias , De Geest Bruno G. , Koynov Kaloian , Grabbe Stephan , Nuhn Lutz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCationic, core‐crosslinked nanogel particles are prepared from synthetic biodegradable materials. These fully hydrophilic nanogels offer superior customizability compared to common lipid nanoparticles, thereby circumventing intrinsic immune stimulatory properties. Electrostatic loading allows for complexation of nucleic acids including the immune stimulatory Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonistCpG‐ODN (cytidine‐phosphate‐guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide). Only when complexed inside nanogels, one can control CpG‐ODN's biodistribution, prevent systemic toxicity, and increase bioavailability at target locations. Nanogels are prepared from cyclic aliphatic carbonate monomers with reactive pentafluorophenyl (PFP) esters. First, block copolymers are acquired via cationic ring opening polymerization (CROP) onto polyethylene glycol (PEG). Upon self‐assembly in ethanol, the micelles’ core is cationically core‐crosslinked, and the resulting fully hydrophilic particles exhibit sizes of ≈20 nm, also upon loading with CpG‐ODN. In vitro, they promote intracellular delivery devoid of carrier‐related toxicities, while retaining the immune stimulatory properties of the TLR agonist cargo. In vivo, the nanogels reduce systemic liver immune responses and remain near the injection site. Additionally, delivery into cDC1 (conventional dentritic cells type 1) antigen‐presenting cells, which are highly relevant for antitumoral T‐cell immune responses, is confirmed. Altogether, cationic, core‐crosslinked polycarbonate nanogels show promise for nucleic acid delivery, showcasing controlled immunostimulatory cargo delivery and an enhanced hydrolytic biodegradability profile, highly valuable for cancer immunotherapy.
Uprising Unconventional Nanobiomaterials: Peptoid Nanosheets as a Multi‐Modular Platform for Advanced Biological Studies
Authors: Carretero Gustavo , Samarasekara Hettikankanamge Kalani , Battigelli Alessia , Mojsoska Biljana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeptoids are bio‐inspired peptidomimetic polymers that can be designed to self‐assemble into a variety of nanostructures. Among these different assemblies, peptoid nanosheets are the most studied. Peptoid nanosheets are 2D highly ordered nanostructures, able to free float in aqueous solutions while featuring versatile chemical displays that can be tuned to incorporate a plethora of functional units. In this review, the synthetic approach used to prepare sequence‐defined oligomers and highlight their main characteristics is introduced. The ability of peptoids to fold into nanostructures is then reviewed with an extensive emphasis on peptoid nanosheets, and their physico–chemical characteristics, assembly mechanism, and stability. A particular focus is also placed on the variety of functionalization incorporated into the peptoid nanosheets to tune their properties toward specific applications, especially within the fields of biology and medicine. Finally, the comparison between peptoid nanosheets and other 2D nanomaterials is discussed to address the challenges in the current nanomaterials and underline the future development of peptoid nanosheets in the field of biology.
Encage the Carcinogens: A Metal–“Organic Cage” Framework for Efficient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Removal From Water
Authors: Paul Bhaswati , Ghorai Sandipan , Samanta Jayanta , Natarajan Ramalingam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and persistent organic pollutants in water. Their removal is highly challenging for existing generic and nonspecific adsorbents, creating an urgent need for tailored solutions. Herein, a metal‐“organic cage” framework, MOF‐CC‐1, designed for the effective scavenging of PAHs from water is is introduced. This framework is constructed using a propeller‐shaped cofacial organic cage (CC‐1), equipped with three triazole pillars that coordinate with Ag(I) ions. The cationic MOF‐CC‐1 adopts a chiral (10,3)‐a srs net structure, spontaneously resolving into homochiral crystals. Additionally, bulk homochirality is achieved through chirality induction using chiral counteranions. MOF‐CC‐1 uniquely encapsulates diverse PAH molecules within the cavities of CC‐1, as confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, marking it as the first metal–“organic cage” framework with structural evidence of guest inclusion inside the organic cage linker. Further, MOF‐CC‐1 exhibits soft porosity, remaining nonporous to N₂ gas when compressed but expanding to encapsulate PAHs in solution. Moreover, MOF‐CC‐1 exhibits exceptional efficacy in scavenging ppb levels of PAHs from water. This work represents a significant advancement in utilizing organic cages as ligands toward MOF construction, paving the way for tailored adsorbents for PAH removal, and addressing a critical need for selective and efficient materials in environmental remediation.
Enhancing mechanical properties of PLA‐based bio composite filament reinforced with horse gram filler for 3D printing applications
Authors: Nataraj Ganesh , Ramesh Babu S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGreen composites for 3D printing have gained significant attention due to the potential of incorporating natural fillers to reduce costs and enhance performance while maintaining environmental benefits. The use of agricultural by‐products, such as horse gram (Hg), not only promotes waste utilization but also seeks to improve the mechanical properties of biopolymers like PLA. In this study, Hg powder was utilized as a natural filler to enhance the mechanical properties of PLA‐based composites. The composites were fabricated with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% Hg powder filler content, and the filament was processed through a single screw extruder machine. Their mechanical properties were systematically evaluated to determine the optimal filler ratio. The results indicate that the incorporation of 1% Hg filler into PLA provided superior mechanical performance compared to Neat PLA. Specifically, tensile strength increased by 11.19%, flexural strength improved by 5.32%, and compression strength increased by 5.94%. In contrast, composites with 2% and 3% Hg filler showed a reduction in these mechanical properties, highlighting that the 1% Hg/PLA composite achieves the best balance between strength and filler content. The findings suggest that the 1% Hg/PLA composite offers an optimized combination of tensile, flexural, and compression properties, making it a strong candidate for environmentally sustainable engineering applications such as lightweight structural components, automotive interior parts, and consumer product casings.Highlights
One percent Hg filler improved tensile, flexural strength, and hardness through uniform dispersion.
Higher filler content (3%–4%) led to agglomeration, reducing composite performance.
XRD and SEM analyses revealed reduced PLA crystallinity and structural defects at higher filler levels.
First molecular report of the Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5 Scutavirus chelonidalpha5) in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomatosis in the southwest Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Espinoza Joelly , Gazol Eduardo , Rojas Maurilia , Reyes-López Miguel Angel , Alfaro-Núñez Alonzo , Reséndiz Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFibropapillomatosis (FP) is an emerging neoplastic disease associated with chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5; Scutavirus chelonidalpha 5) that affects all species of marine turtles worldwide, mainly green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at coastal feeding sites. This report describes the case of a juvenile green turtle stranded alive on the coast of Veracruz, Mexico that presented 41 lesions suggestive of FP distributed on the eyes, neck, front flippers, axillary/inguinal regions and plastron. Morphologically, the lesions varied in size, shape and appearance of the surface. A tumour was collected and analysed by histopathology revealing a benign neoplasm with fibropapilloma characteristics (dermal and epidermal proliferation) and cytopathic effects consistent with herpesvirus infection, such as ballooning, reticular, and vacuolar degeneration, cell necrosis, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The tumour tested positive for ChHV5 through conventional PCR targeting the UL30, UL18, UL22, and UL27 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA Polymerase (UL30) placed the Veracruz variant in the Western Atlantic/Eastern Caribbean cluster along with sequences from Florida, Colombia, Barbados, and Brazil. Additional identification of the CMA1.1 DNA mitochondrial haplotype for this individual supports the connectivity between green turtles from the northern and southern regions of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and the Caribbean. It also suggests a potential risk route for ChHV5 infection. This report details the first case of FP linked to ChHV5 in Veracruz and the southwestern GoM. Further research on FP and ChHV5 in these areas is crucial due to their role as habitats for five sea turtle species across various life stages.
Study on mitogenic activity of serum from patients with total coronary occlusions: relation to duration of occlusion
Authors: Tchaikovski V. , Werner G. S. , Fritzenwanger M. , Jandt E. , Waltenberger Johannes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In contrast to the extensive evidence from animal studies, only few human data are available on the relation of vascular growth factors and collateral function as well as on the conditions which may modify their release or function. In 31 patients with total coronary occlusion (TCOs) blood was collected from distal to the occlusion site (collateral circulation) and from the aortic root (systemic circulation). Serum was used to assess its mitogenic potential in [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Serum from patients with the duration of occlusion between 1 and 3 months was significantly more mitogenic as compared to either shorter or longer duration of occlusion. None of the demographic or clinical factors correlated with the mitogenic activity of serum. Serum from patients with TCOs shows a particular time-dependent mitogenic profile with a maximal activity between 1 and 3 months following the occlusion. This profile corresponds to the experimentally described time-line of strongest collateral development and indicates the time-window for possible modification.
Data augmentation in predictive maintenance applicable to hydrogen combustion engines: a review
Authors: Schwarz Alexander , Rahal Jhonny Rodriguez , Sahelices Benjamín , Barroso-García Verónica , Weis Ronny , Duque Antón Simon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMachine-learning-based predictive maintenance models, i.e. models that predict breakdowns of machines based on condition information, have a high potential to minimize maintenance costs in industrial applications by determining the best possible time to perform maintenance. Modern machines have sensors that can collect all relevant data of the operating condition and for legacy machines which are still widely used in the industry, retrofit sensors are readily, easily and inexpensively available. With the help of this data it is possible to train such a predictive maintenance model. The main problem is that most data is obtained from normal operating conditions, whereas only limited data are from failures. This leads to highly unbalanced data sets, which makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to train a predictive maintenance model that can detect faults reliably and timely. Another issue is the lack of available real data due to privacy concerns. To address these problems, a suitable data generation strategy is needed. In this work, a literature review is conducted to identify a solution approach for a suitable data augmentation strategy that can be applied to our specific use case of hydrogen combustion engines in the automotive field. This literature review shows that, among the different state-of-the-art proposals, the most promising for the generation of reliable synthetic data are the ones based on generative models. The analysis of the different metrics used in the state of the art allows to identify the most suitable ones to evaluate the quality of generated signals. Finally, an open problem in research in this area is identified and it is the need to validate the plausibility of the data generated. The generation of results in this area will contribute decisively to the development of predictive maintenance models.
Further Evidence for the Dark-Ego-Vehicle Principle: Higher Pathological Narcissistic Grandiosity and Virtue Signaling Are Related to Greater Involvement in LGBQ and Gender Identity Activism
Authors: Krispenz Ann , Bertrams Alex 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe dark-ego-vehicle principle (DEVP) suggests that individuals with so-called dark personalities (e.g., high narcissistic traits) are attracted to political and social activism that they can repurpose to satisfy their specific ego-focused needs (e.g., signaling moral superiority and manipulating others) instead of achieving prosocial goals. Currently, research on the DEVP is still rare. With two pre-registered studies, we sought further evidence for the DEVP by examining the associations of pathological narcissistic grandiosity with involvement in LGBQ activism (Study 1) and gender identity activism (Study 2). Socioeconomically diverse samples from the USA (Study 1; N = 446) and the UK (Study 2; N = 837) were recruited online via the research-oriented crowdsourcing platform Prolific. Individuals completed the Pathological Narcissism Inventory as well as measures of involvement in activism. Moreover, we assessed different covariates (e.g., altruism), and potential correlates within the narcissism–activism relationship (i.e., virtue signaling, dominance, and aggression). In addition, we examined potential relationships between other dark personality variables (e.g., psychopathy) and activism. In both samples, higher pathological narcissistic grandiosity was related to greater involvement in activism. As expected, virtue signaling was consistently involved in the relationship between pathological narcissistic grandiosity and activism. However, neither dominance nor aggression was related to individuals’ involvement in activism. The results did also not consistently support a relationship between higher psychopathy and greater involvement in activism. Overall, the findings help to further specify the DEVP.
Optimization schemes on manifolds for structured matrices with fixed eigenvalues
Authors: Chehab Jean-Paul , Oviedo Harry , Raydan Marcos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Several manifold optimization schemes are presented and analyzed for solving a specialized inverse structured symmetric matrix problem with prescribed spectrum. Some entries in the desired matrix are assigned in advance and cannot be altered. The rest of the entries are free, some of them preferably away from zero. The reconstructed matrix must satisfy these requirements and its eigenvalues must be the given ones. This inverse eigenvalue problem is related to the problem of determining the graph, with weights on the undirected edges, of the matrix associated with its sparse pattern. Our optimization schemes are based on considering the eigenvector matrix as the only unknown and iteratively moving on the manifold of orthogonal matrices, forcing the additional structural requirements through a change of variables and a convenient differentiable objective function in the space of square matrices. We propose Riemannian gradient-type methods combined with two different well-known retractions, and with two well-known constrained optimization strategies: penalization and augmented Lagrangian. We also present a block alternating technique that takes advantage of a proper separation of variables. Convergence properties of the penalty alternating approach are established. Finally, we present initial numerical results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposals.
The exploration of continuous teaching intention in emerging-technology environments through perceived cognitive load, usability, and teacher’s attitudes
Authors: Maričić Mirjana , Anđić Branko , Soeharto Soeharto , Mumcu Filiz , Cvjetićanin Stanko , Lavicza Zsolt 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccording to the theoretical frameworks and teaching practice, the constructs of the Technology acceptance model - TAM and the Cognitive load theory - CLT are in a close cause-and-effect relationship, and gaining insights into this issue is essential for educators. Our study aimed to examine continuous teaching intention (CTI) with emerging technologies (ET) through perceived usability (PUS), attitudes towards teaching (ATT) and perceived cognitive load (PCL) from the aspect of teachers’ perceptions. A survey research design using a cross-sectional survey technique was applied. The research involved 801 primary and lower secondary school teachers. Results showed that the TAM-CLT scale model is aligned and fits the overall sample well. In addition, teachers’ PUS can be a crucial factor in shaping ATT and CTI of ET because this construct positively influences these variables underlining the importance of designing user-friendly ET. However, our study reveals the lack of a significant negative relationship between teachers’ PCL and PUS, and the absence of mediation between PCL and CTI through PUS. These unexpected findings highlight the complexity of users’ experiences with ET and the need for a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between these constructs. One of the implications of our study refers to further investigation of the underlying mechanisms between PCL, PUS, and CTI. Other recommendations are stated in the discussion.
Effect of appropriate extenders to maintain sperm functionality during short-term storage of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm with fertilization assay under hatchery conditions
Authors: Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Siddique Mohammad Abdul Momin , Zhang Songpei , Ma Zhijun , Rodina Marek , Linhart Otomar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Short-term storage and management of sperm in vitro is an easy and economical process in which suitable extenders can be utilized to extend the storage period and prevent sperm function impairment. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of suitable extenders during the short-term storage of sterlet sperm and determine their fertilizing capacity and hatching success. Three extenders containing a composition of 16, 20, and 24 mM NaCl, 1 mM KCl, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 10 mM Tris, pH 8.0 with osmolarity of 46, 55, and 62 mOsm/kg, were used to dilute the sperm of four sexually mature sterlet males (n = 4). Using a CASA system, the motility and velocity of undiluted and diluted sperm with extenders (E1 – E3) were assessed over 6 days at 0–2 °C. The short-term stored diluted sperm was then used in the fertilization and hatching assay, and undiluted fresh and stored sperm was used as a control. A two-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) model confirmed significant effects on sperm motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), and straight-line velocity (VSL) (P < 0.001), as well as their interaction with the extender. The model was decomposed into a one-way ANOVA to examine the impacts of extenders and storage time. With increasing storage periods, the sperm motility and velocity gradually decreased for diluted sperm with three extenders (E1–E3) but sharply decreased for undiluted sperm (Control). The motility of undiluted sperm was found 3.77 ± 4.09% at 4 days, whereas sperm diluted with extenders showed 57.57 ± 12.33% (E1), 64.34 ± 11.86% (E2), and 61.40 ± 12.41% (E3) motility at 6 days. This study explored extenders optimized with higher osmolarity (39–62 mOsm/kg) and lower K+ (1 mmol/L) as the most suitable medium for storing sterlet sperm for 6 days. After 6 days post storage, sperm diluted with extenders E1–E3 achieved a fertilization rate of 31.29 ± 14.2%, 31.66 ± 8.84%, and 30.67 ± 10.02%, respectively, and hatching success of 29.58 ± 13.4%, 30.50 ± 7.89%, and 27.95 ± 9.62%, respectively with freshly ovulated eggs.