bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPM2 Exacerbates Central Nervous System Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Increasing Production of CXCL2 Chemokines
Authors: Tsutsui Masato , Hirase Ryo , Miyamura Sakie , Nagayasu Kazuki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Mori Yasuo , Shirakawa Hisashi , Kaneko Shuji 
Published: September 2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the CNS characterized by demyelination and axonal injury. Current therapies that mainly target lymphocytes do not fully meet clinical need due to the risk of severe side effects and lack of efficacy against progressive MS. Evidence suggests that MS is associated with CNS inflammation, although the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, is expressed at high levels in the brain and by immune cells, including monocyte lineage cells. Here, we show that TRPM2 plays a pathological role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Knockout (KO) or pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 inhibited progression of EAE and TRPM2-KO mice showed lower activation of Iba1-immunopositive monocyte lineage cells and neutrophil infiltration of the CNS than WT mice. Moreover, CXCL2 production in TRPM2-KO mice was significantly reduced at day 14, although the severity of EAE was the same as that in WT mice at that time point. In addition, we used BM chimeric mice to show that TRPM2 expressed by CNS-infiltrating macrophages contributes to progression of EAE. Because CXCL2 induces migration of neutrophils, these results indicate that reduced expression of CXCL2 in the CNS suppresses neutrophil infiltration and slows progression of EAE in TRPM2-KO mice. Together, the results suggest that TRPM2 plays an important role in progression of EAE pathology and shed light on its putative role as a therapeutic target for MS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCurrent therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), which mainly target lymphocytes, carry the risk of severe side effects and lack efficacy against the progressive form of the disease. Here, we found that the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel, which is abundantly expressed in CNS-infiltrating macrophages, plays a crucial role in development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. EAE progression was suppressed by Knockout (KO) or pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2; this was attributed to a reduction in CXCL2 chemokine production by CNS-infiltrating macrophages in TRPM2-KO mice, resulting in suppression of neutrophil infiltration into the CNS. These results reveal an important role of TRPM2 in the pathogenesis of EAE and shed light on its potential as a therapeutic target.
Language Experience in the Second Year of Life and Language Outcomes in Late Childhood
Authors: Gilkerson Jill , Richards Jeffrey A. , Warren Steven F. , Oller D. Kimbrough , Russo Rosemary , Vohr Betty 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Quantity of talk and interaction in the home during early childhood is correlated with socioeconomic status (SES) and can be used to predict early language and cognitive outcomes. We tested the effectiveness of automated early language environment estimates for children 2 to 36 months old to predict cognitive and language skills 10 years later and examined effects for specific developmental age periods.

METHODS:
Daylong audio recordings for 146 infants and toddlers were completed monthly for 6 months, and the total number of daily adult words and adult-child conversational turnswere automatically estimated with Language Environment Analysis software. Follow-up evaluations at 9 to 14 years of age included language and cognitive testing. Language exposure for 3 age groups was assessed: 2 to 17 months, 18 to 24 months, and ≥25 months. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.

RESULTS:
Conversational turn counts at 18 to 24 months of age accounted for 14% to 27% of the variance in IQ, verbal comprehension, and receptive and/or expressive vocabulary scores 10 years later after controlling for SES. Adult word counts between 18 and 24 months were correlated with language outcomes but were considerably weakened after controlling for SES.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data support the hypothesis that early talk and interaction, particularly during the relatively narrow developmental window of 18 to 24 months of age, can be used to predict school-age language and cognitive outcomes. With these findings, we underscore the need for effective early intervention programs that support parents in creating an optimal early language learning environment in the home.
Selección cualitativa del esqueje en la sobrevivencia y desarrollo morfogenético de Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Authors: Azofeifa-Bolaños José Bernal , Rivera-Coto German , Paniagua-Vásquez Amelia , Cordero-Solórzano Roberto 
Published: September 2018

In Costa Rica, an urgent ex situ national conservation program for V. planifolia is needed due to the rarity, high risk of extinction in the wild and the economic importance; that places it, as the most profitable orchid worldwide. Due to the lack of research about wild species conservation and the importance to evaluate the agronomic performance of the wild-type relatives, as a strategy to increase the reduced genetic variability, the aim of this research was to evaluate the acclimatization capacity and morphogenetic performance of wild V. planifolia under nursery conditions. The effect of two treatments 1) qualitatively selected cuttings according to their phytosanitary quality, mechanical damage and vigorousness and 2) cuttings without selection, were evaluated. Some growth variables were evaluated: survival rate, weight, length, number of nodes of the new and original shoot; number and weight of the roots The survival of the selected cuttings was greater (60%) than those that were not (45%). The morphogenetic responses of the selected explants were statistically significant for all variables evaluated. This is the first time that an initial process of acclimatization and morphogenetic performance with a known genotype individual of V. planifolia, is reported under greenhouse condition, in Costa Rica. Therefore, it is the first attempt to the ex situ conservation of the species as a part of an integrated program focus on the in situ conservation in a systematic and sustainable way, as well as, the first values of the vigorousness to some growth variables out of natural conditions.
Efecto de la composición racial sobre la calidad espermática de verracos
Authors: Valverde-Abarca Anthony , Madrigal-Valverde Mónica , Camacho-Calvo Marlen , Zambrana-Jiménez Adones , López Leonardo 
Published: September 2018

The assessment of the semen quality is an essential tool to improve the reproductive indexes in swine farms. The motility is the most important parameter that used in the sperm quality evaluation because it is associated with the energy of the spermatozoon. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of breed composition on reproductive variables of sperm quality, kinetics and semen motility in boars. During 2016, 240 ejaculates were collected from 63 boars with a mean age of 24.4±10.9 months. Six racial groups were identified: Duroc (D), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), F1 Pietrain*Duroc (PD) and two genetic lines (LA and LB). The breeds with the highest ejaculate volume presented a higher total number of spermatozoa (P<0.05). The effect of the breed was significant (P<0.05) on sperm kinetics variables except for amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm). The Landrace breed presented the highest (P<0.05) percentage of static sperm (29.30±1.57). The most relevant differences (P<0.05) for total motility (MTOT) and progressive motility (MP), were presented between L and PD with values of 70.71±1.57; 77.48±1.09 and 51.80±1.97; 59.85±1.37% respectively. Adult boars (≥18 months) had higher volumes of ejaculate and total number of sperm than boars in the intermediate and young ages, however, for velocities (μm/s): curvilinear (VCL), straight line (VSL) and average path (VAP), adult boars only were different (P<0.05) of the boars in-between ages. Four sperm subpopulations (SP) were identified, SP1 (46.83%) characterized by a moderate speed, but of very progressive motility, SP2 (14.78%) with active movement, but not progressive, SP3 (8.45%) with low speeds and progressive path and SP4 (29.94%) with quick movement, but without progressivity.
Caracterización química de nuevas variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía
Authors: Ledea-Rodríguez José Leonardo , Verdecia-Acosta Dani , La-O-León Orestes , Ray-Ramírez Jorge Valentín , Reyes-Pérez Juan José , Murillo-Amador Bernardo 
Published: September 2018

Climate change has modified the behavior of climate variables, for this reason, pastures manifest a seasonal productive behavior, where the deposition of structural carbohydrates is modified and in some cases the absorption of minerals. The objective of this study was to characterize, in varieties of Cenchrus purpureus tolerant to drought, the chemical composition of leaves and stems at different ages of regrowth in conditions of intense seasonal drought. The experimental period covered the years 2013 to 2015, in the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages of the Institute of Agricultural Research “Jorge Dimitrov”. In a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement was used, and the dynamics of the chemical composition of leaves and stems of new varieties of C. purpureus were characterized, in different ages of regrowth and different climatic periods (rainy and not very rainy), and their combination (4 x 3 x 2). The interaction age of regrowth with climatic station affected the chemical composition of the leaves (p≤0.001), altering the content of cellulose (Cel), hemicellulose (Hcel), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellular content (CC), calcium (Ca) and silica (Si), while in the stems this interaction only affected the concentration of ADF. The isolated effect of the climatic season modified in leaves (p≤0.01) the content of phosphorus (P) and lignin (Lig), it stems the P content (p≤0.001). When the regrowth age varied, there was a modification of the chemical composition of the leaves (crude protein and Lig) and stems (crude protein). The new varieties of C. purpureus under conditions of degradation and intense seasonal drought showed a pattern of chemical behavior similar to that of tropical grasses, but with low contents of protein and phosphorus.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) awareness among young women of central India
Authors: Patel Jaya , Rai Shailesh 
Published: September 2018

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) associated with multiple presentation in females although it is common disorder but due to lack of knowledge females often delays in getting confirm diagnosis and treatment. PCOS remains a syndrome and as such no single diagnostic criterion is sufficient for clinical diagnosis. Objective: To assess the knowledge about PCOS in young women.Methods: Cross sectional study was performed on 400 women of age group 18-30 years either studying in Colleges or working in Indore city. Written informed consent was obtained and simple random technique was applied for selection of study participants. Pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed through percentages and frequencies using Excel. Relevant statistical test was applied was applied and p value was calculated where ever required and considered statistically significant when it is <0.05.Results: Among 400 participants, only 41% of the women were aware of the term PCOS. 46% of the subjects who were aware about the organ system involved in this disease. Most of the people know about this disorder through friends or relatives. 49% of the women knew about the various signs and symptoms associated with PCOS.Conclusions: The results of present study show that very few of the young women understand what this disease is and what are the earliest symptoms that should alarm them to consult a physician. Discussion with the girls in college authors came to know that most of the people are considering menstrual pain and irregularities as a part of their physiological process and do not consider consulting a doctor.
Inorganic nitrogen absorption in the aquaponics farming of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at uneven retention periods
Authors: Zahidah Zahidah , Andriani Yuli , Dhahiyat Yayat , Nurruhwati Isni , Sahidin Asep , Hamdani Herman , Victoria Stephanie Marcelia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAquaponics is new aquaculture integrating the technology of fishes and plants due to less availability of land. This study aimed to determine the optimum retention period in the aquaponics farming of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) integrated with water spinach (Ipomoea reptan) to generate the water to support the catfish production. This study conducted in 40 days between May to June 2016 at Ciparanje Fish Hatchery Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. The design of this study was completely randomized, with five treatments and three replications. The treatments retention periods were 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes, and control (no water flow). The study showed that the retention period affected water spinach’s inorganic nutrient absorption in sangkuriang catfish farm. The 15 minutes retention period gave the most desirable result, with a flow of 0.072 L/s that reduced 58.83% of nitrate, and 33.32% of ammonia has been produced by fish farming activities. The highest specific growth rate of the sangkuriang catfish obtained in 15 minute retention period of 4.01 % Keywords: aquaponics, sangkuriang catfish, water spinach, retention periods AbstrakAkuaponik adalah teknologi akuakultur baru yang mengintegrasikan ikan dan tanaman karena ketersediaan lahan yang semakin rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan periode retensi optimum pada budidaya akuaponik ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) yang terintegrasi dengan kangkung air (Ipomoea reptan) untuk menghasilkan air yang mendukung produksi lele. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 40 hari di Laboratorium Budidaya Ikan Ciparanje, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan berupa periode retensi 5, 10, 15, 20 menit, dan kontrol (tidak ada aliran air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periode retensi memengaruhi penyerapan nutrisi anorganik oleh bayam air dalam budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang. Periode retensi 15 menit memberikan hasil yang paling baik, dengan aliran 0,072 L/s mengurangi 58,83% nitrat, dan 33,32% amonia dalam media budidaya ikan. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik ikan lele sangkuriangtertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan waktu retensi 15 menit, yaitu sebesar 4,01%. Kata kunci: akuaponik, ikan lele sangkuriang, kangkung darat, waktu retensi
O. Kasper Drużbicki SJ (1590-1662) i jego nauka o doskonałości chrześcijańskiej
Authors: Mandziuk Józef 
Published: September 2018

At their beginnings, Jesuits had a huge impact on the Catholic Church in Poland. They introduced the Council of Trent reform and stopped the spread of Protestanism. Amongst them, there were many mystics, great theologians, missionaries, saints and priests. One of them was Father Kasper Druzbicki, theologian, ascetic writer, preacher and administrator.One of his many theological works is a treaty about the shortest way to Christian perfection, which is God’s will fulfillment. The book is not just designed for those in consecrated life, but also in secular life who strive toward holiness.
Chlorambucil Cytotoxicity Reduction in Rats Through Bone Marrow, An In vivo Study
Authors: Nafie Ebtesam H.O. , Khater Eman , Awwad Mohamed , Zowail Mohamed , Hegazy Kholud 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Bone Marrow (BM) has the self-renovation capacity and has been used recently in tumor
medicine. Chlorambucil [CHB] is ordinarily utilized chemotherapy to treat varieties of malignancy patients. This
investigation intended to gauge the effectiveness of BM as an in-vivo antimutagenic against CHB.

Methods:
The experimental design relies upon four classes; each class contains ten adult male albino rats as follows:
control, rats infused orally with CHB for fourteen days, rats intravenously infused with BM through a tail vein one
time, rats infused the mix of CHB and BM.The Anticancer capability of BM was assessed by cytogenetic assay and
mitotic index. The declarations of the apoptosis- related genes were examined by RT-qPCR examination.

Results:
The present experiment demonstrated a curative effect of BM against the cytotoxic impact of CHB. Infusion
of BM after chemotherapy helps to diminish the chromosomal aberration; increment mitotic index and decline the
Bax/Bcl2 proportion compared with [CHB] class gather that prompts expanding the survival rate of influenced cells
with chemotherapy cytotoxicity.

Conclusion:
The present study shows that bone marrow transplantation together after CHB infusion helps to increase
genomic stability by diminishing structural chromosome abnormalities, diminishing the Bax/Bcl2 proportion and
increasing the mitotic index.
A Comparison of the Inhibitory Effects of Anti-Cancer Drugs on Thioredoxin Reductase and Glutathione S-Transferase in Rat Liver
Authors: Ozgencli Ilknur , Kilic Deryanur , Guller Ugur , Ciftci Mehmet , Kufrevioglu Omer I. , Budak Harun 
Published: September 2018

Background:
While Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) plays an important role in regulation of the
intracellular redox balance and various signalling pathways, Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTs) enzymes belong to
the detoxification family that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with various endogenous and xenobiotic
electrophiles. Since TrxR and GSTs are overexpressed in many cancer cells, they have been identified as potential
targets to develop chemotherapeutic strategies.

Method:
The mitochondrial TrxR (TrxR2) enzyme and the cytosolic GST enzyme was purified from rat liver via
affinity chromatography. After the purification, the in vitro inhibition effects of some anticancer drugs (cisplatin,
calcium folinate, carboplatin, epirubicin hydrochloride, doxorubicin hydrochloride, paclitaxel, etoposide,
fluorouracil, and methotrexate) were investigated on both enzymes. Since only methotrexate inhibits both enzymes
among all the anticancer drugs, a molecular docking study was performed to determine the binding site and the
binding affinity of methotrexate to the enzymes.

Results:
Firstly, TrxR2 and GST were found to have a specific activity of 0.436, 1765 EU/mg proteins with a yield
of 39.20%, 31.28% and 207.6, 3516.6 of purification fold, respectively. While TrxR2 was strongly inhibited by all of
the anticancer drugs, GST was not inhibited by any of the anticancer drugs except methotrexate.

Conclusion:
Both enzymes were inhibited by only methotrexate in rat liver, and methotrexate was well placed in the
active sites of both proteins. Therefore, it may be argued that methotrexate may be a more effective anticancer drug
than all other drugs used in this study against the multi drug resistance that will occur during chemotherapy.
Parathyroid Carcinoma Causing Mild Hyperparathyroidism in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Triggiani Vincenzo , Castellana Marco , Basile Paolo , Renzulli Giuseppina , Giagulli Vito Angelo 
Published: September 2018

Background:Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an increased incidence of tumors, including endocrine ones. Primary hyperparathyroidism can be rarely caused by a parathyroid carcinoma; these patients are generally characterized by severe symptoms, large neck lesions and high levels of PTH and calcium. We report a case of hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid carcinoma in a patient affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. A systematic review of the literature was also conducted.Patient Findings:A 56-year-old woman was referred for a 13 mm-nodular lesion of the neck incidentally discovered on ultrasound examination and mild hyperparathyroidism. A 99mTctetrofosmin/ pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy was negative for parathyroid disease. Given the absence of suspicious ultrasound finding, a fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed with iPTH determination in the aspirate, confirming the parathyroid origin of the lesion. The patient underwent left inferior parathyroidectomy with intraoperative monitoring of iPTH and became normocalcemic. On histopathological examination, parathyroid carcinoma presenting at the resection margin was diagnosed, thus a surgery revision was requested.Conclusion:Even if literature does not support a syndromic association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and primary hyperparathyroidism, the benefit of precociously diagnosing and treating this condition may outweigh costs associated with screening. This case report moreover demonstrates that sometimes clinical, laboratory and imaging aspects suspicious for cancer may be missing. A prompt referral to a high-volume center is crucial for the management of those cases of incidental histopathological diagnosis.
Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes and Predictive Factors in Optic Neuritis
Authors: Hansapinyo Linda , Vivattanaseth Chayanee 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The causes, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of optic neuritis are distinct among different populations. Early diagnosis based on clinical presentations plays an important role in treating optic neuritis patients.

Objective:

The study aimed to determine clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and predictive factors of treatment outcomes in optic neuritis patients with and without demyelinating disease.

Methods:
A retrospective descriptive study of optic neuritis patients carried out between January 2009 and December 2016 was done. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the predictive factors of treatment outcomes.

Results:
Among 150 patients with optic neuritis, 58 patients were diagnosed with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease (NMOSD), 23 patients were diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and 69 patients were idiopathic. The age at presentation in the NMOSD group was significantly younger than the MS group and the idiopathic group. The female:male ratio was significantly lower in the idiopathic group than in the NMOSD group. The initial Best Corrected Visual Activity (BCVA) of 20/20-20/60 (p = 0.001) and the idiopathic group (p =0.030) was associated with good visual outcomes. Initial BCVA of < 20/200 (p = 0.009) and the NMOSD group (p < 0.001) was associated with poor visual outcomes.

Conclusion:
NMOSD is a more common cause of optic neuritis than MS in Thai population. Female patients with poor initial VA, poor response to steroids treatment, and presenting recurrent attacks are highly suspicious for NMOSD. Optic neuritis without associated demyelinating disease has a better visual outcome and lower recurrence rate.