bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Service in Retailing
Authors: Regan William J. 
Published: November 2018

Most selling innovations by retailers have been to add customer services and conveniences, thereby increasing the cost of retail service. Running contrary to this trend has been the development of self-service which transfers to customers greater responsibility for buying and thereby lowers the store cost of retail service. This article throws some light on why consumer behavior has responded so favorably to the self-service concept.
Trends in State Margarine Legislation
Authors: Ferber Robert , Ladd George W. 
Published: November 2018

Between the late 1920s and the 1950s U. S. butter consumption declined by one-third, while margarine consumption quadrupled. One suggested cause is the repeal of various state laws which restricted the distribution of margarine. The author of this article shows how the validity of this argument can be tested. He adjusted national average time-series data to determine the effects of state laws, and shows how the repeal of laws prohibiting the sale of colored margarine has resulted in higher margarine consumption and lower butter consumption.
The Retail Hardware Decline
Authors: Vincent Clarence E. 
Published: November 2018

Until recently the hardware store held a place of prominence among retail institutions, but it is gradually losing that important position. What has caused the retail hardware trade to experience this decline? What, if anything, can hardware retailers do to rectify this situation? The author examines statistical evidence to ascertain the need for some changes, and gives concrete suggestions as to what directions these changes might lead.
New Reasoning in Choosing a Warehouse Location
Authors: Whiteman Irvin R. 
Published: November 2018

Should a company in need of additional warehouse space expand in already crowded quarters or pack up and move to more copious surroundings? Optimum solution of such a problem involves candid appraisal of the present and wise prediction of future needs. That such a decision cannot be made by hunch or crystal ball is apparent. But how should it be made? In this article, the author shows how a Los Angeles distributor assigned values to various warehouse location considerations to work out the expansion problem.
Marketing the Transit System
Authors: Farmer Richard N. 
Published: November 2018

Passenger transit companies in many cities are now municipally owned, and the trend to municipal ownership has accelerated in the past decade. As a result, city governments are faced with serious marketing problems for the transportation services they are selling. City-owned transit systems have inherited the marketing problems of the earlier private companies. Here is a discussion of how these problems evolved, and the implications for the cities and citizens involved.
The Marketing Dilemma of Negroes
Authors: Bauer Raymond A. , Cunningham Scott M. , Wortzel Lawrence H. 
Published: November 2018

The behavior of Negroes in the marketplace is shown to be integrally related to attempts to find full status in American Society. According to the authors, the Negro market divides “spontaneously” into two segments on the extent to which individual Negroes make the efforts to achieve this full status.
A Marketing Model for Short-term Prediction of Consumer Sales
Authors: Barton Samuel G. 
Published: November 2018

This article is a nontechnical description of a generalized marketing model from the point of view of the manufacturer of nondurable goods, one who does not fully control his own distribution system. The model seeks to identify the main marketing variables affecting the sales of such products. These are arranged in a structure which offers a useful conceptual approach for marketing management, and a starting framework for a specific information-system design. Mr. Barton believes that it is technically feasible to collect input statistics with sufficient accuracy as to improve the marketing activities of many medium-size to large-size companies.
The Impact of Retail Coupons
Authors: Nielsen A. C. 
Published: November 2018

Retail coupons, those small cards or slips of paper that offer the supermarket shopper a few cents off on this product or that, have come of age. They are no longer a nickel-and-dime business. Billions of them are distributed each year by grocery-product manufacturers. Millions of dollars’ worth are redeemed, too, sometimes with tremendous impact on a manufacturer's marketing program. Here are some interesting data about coupons and what makes them so attractive to the contemporary, value-conscious shopper.
Applying an Advertising-Sales Relationship Model to Product Fields
Authors: Kudisch Leonard 
Published: November 2018

The amount spent on advertising a brand, its “momentum” in the product field, and the effectiveness of its advertising are three important factors that can now be measured. Can their relative influence on sales-share change be measured? The President of Schwerin Research reports how this has been done in a broad mathematical model. He believes that the knowledge thus gained will have increasing importance in making realistic decisions in specific brand situations.
Marketing's Role in the Change to the Metric System
Authors: Archer Frank W. 
Published: November 2018

Practically all the nations of the world use the metric system of weights and measures. Yet the United States continues to offer goods, produced according to nonmetric standards, in the world markets in competition with metric products from other countries. The marketing aspects of the metric problem are now more important than ever: efforts to increase export trade; Britain's decision to move to the metric system; and widespread utilization of electronic data processing equipment, which uses the decimal system in calculations.
Does Advertising Belong in the Capital Budget?
Authors: Dean Joel 
Published: November 2018

Whether advertising is an investment and so should be treated like other parts of the capital budget is a question of moment to marketing managers. Viewing promotion as an investment could bring dramatic changes in decision-making, market-testing, measurements of effectiveness, and value judgments that are required in determining how much to spend on promotion. The economic case for an investment approach to the advertising budget is the theme of this article by a distinguished economist.
Guidelines for a Store-location Strategy Study
Authors: Applebaum William 
Published: November 2018

The large investments in modern store facilities and the long lease commitments make it necessary for retailing firms and for shopping-center developers to employ store-location research. In this article the author presents 16 fundamental steps or guidelines, distilled from 35 years of experience, for planning and executing comprehensive store - location studies. These guidelines are of interest not only to marketing research specialists, but also to business administrators who must make store-location expansion decisions.
Estimating the Proportion of Loyal Buyers
Authors: Ehrenberg A. S. C. 
Published: November 2018

Of the people who buy a brand or product in a given period of time, a certain number—the “loyal” buyers—will buy again in a later one. The proportion of buyers who are loyal in both can be predicted from a mathematical model, using observed data relating to one period only. In verifying the predictions against the actually observed loyalty proportion for the following period, the goodness of fit has, with one exception, averaged about half a percentage point for loyalty percentages ranging from less than one percent to over 25 percent. Practical applications of developments of this kind are also discussed.
Territory Sales Response
Authors: Ryans Adrian B. , Weinberg Charles B. 
Published: November 2018

What factors account for the wide variation in performance with in a salesforce, and what is the relative importance of these factors? The authors attempt to answer that question by first developing a framework that identifies the major constructs to be included in a model of territory response, and then testing the model in three different corporate settings. The empirical results provide a basis for useful generalizations about the importance of territory characteristics, span of control, and other factors in explaining the variability in salesperson performance. The research was supported in part by grants from the Marketing Science Institute and the American Cyanamid Company. The authors thank the executives of the companies that participated in this study for their help in providing data, and also thank Dick R. Wittink and a JMR reviewer for their helpful comments on a draft of this article. The research assistance of Tsuneo Yahagi is gratefully acknowledged.
The State of the Science of Natural Family Planning Fifty Years after Humane Vitae: A Report from NFP Scientists’ Meeting Held at the US Conference of Catholic Bishops, April 4, 2018
Authors: Manhart Michael D. , Fehring Richard J. 
Published: November 2018

A one-day meeting of physicians, professional nurses, and scientists actively involved in Natural Family Planning (NFP) research was held to review the state of the science of NFP and consider future priorities. The meeting had four objectives: (i) determine the gaps in research evidence for secure methods of NFP among women of all reproductive categories, (ii) determine the gaps in the research and development of new technology for providing NFP services, (iii) determine the gaps in the research that determine the benefits and challenges with use of NFP among married couples, and (iv) provide prioritized ideas for future research needs from the analysis of evidence gaps from objectives above. This article summarizes the discussion and conclusions drawn from topics reviewed. While much has been accomplished in the fifty years since Humane vitae, there are still many gaps to address. Five areas for future research in NFP were identified as high priority: (1) well-designed method effectiveness studies among various reproductive categories including important subpopulations (postpartum, perimenopause, posthormonal contraceptive), normally cycling women (especially US women), and comparative studies between NFP methods; (2) validation studies to establish the benefit of charting fertility signs (both currently known and potential new indicators) as a screening tool for women’s health issues; (3) ongoing independent evaluation of fertility monitoring apps to provide users perspective on the relative merits of each and to identify those most worthy of further effectiveness testing; (4) studies evaluating the impact of new technologies on NFP adoption, use, and persistence; and (5) creation of a shared database across various NFP methods to collaborate on shared research interests, longitudinal studies, and so on. This summarizes a meeting to review the scientific and medical progress related to natural family planning made in the 50 years since Humane Vitae and to define priorities for future work. Areas reviewed included the evidence for avoiding pregnancy in normally cycling, postpartum, and perimenopausal women, the impact of new technology, including fertility charting apps, on NFP, and the impact on relationships and personal well-being from use of NFP. Five priority focus areas for future research were also identified.
Effects of isokinetic muscle strengthening on muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pontes Sarah Souza , de Carvalho Ana Louise Reis , Almeida Katna de Oliveira , Neves Murilo Pires , Ribeiro Schindler Ingara Fernanda Silva , Alves Iura Gonzalez Nogueira , Arcanjo Fabio Luciano , Gomes-Neto Mansueto 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To investigate whether isokinetic muscle strengthening improves muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials at PubMed/Medline, SciELO, PEDro, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from the earliest date available to June 2018. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of isokinetic muscle strengthening versus other rehabilitation interventions or control in post-stroke patients were included. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: In total, 13 studies (347 patients) focusing on the use of isokinetic in rehabilitation following stroke were included. All trials were of low-to-moderate quality. Isokinetic muscle strengthening improved muscle strength WMD 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.4; N = 96), mobility WMD −2.03 seconds (95% CI: −2.9, −1.1; N = 111) and gait speed WMD 0.9 m/s (95% CI: 0.05, 1.8; N = 87). Conclusion: Isokinetic muscle strengthening seems to be a useful strategy for improving muscle strength, mobility, and gait in post-stroke patients.
Chemoradiation in female patients with anal cancer: Patient-reported outcome of acute and chronic side effects
Authors: Koerber Stefan A. , Seither Ben , Slynko Alla , Haefner Matthias F. , Krug David , Liermann Jakob , Adeberg Sebastian , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Juergen , Sterzing Florian 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: We evaluated acute and chronic side effects of 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in female patients with anal carcinoma and accessed correlations between dosimetric parameters and the considered toxicities. Methods: For 70 women with anal cancer treated at our department, acute and chronic side effects and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated with questionnaires using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v. 4.0.) and Late Effects in Normal Tissue, Subjective, Objective Management and Analytic Scales (LentSoma) before, during, and after the treatment. Results: Forty-seven out of 70 (67%) patients completed the questionnaire and were enrolled in the study. Only poor urinary stream, loss of pubic hair during chemoradiation, and chronic vaginal dryness were observed more frequently in the 3D-CRT group compared to the IMRT group (univariable logistic regression p = .032, p = .04, p = .049, respectively). After the treatment, 43% in the 3D-CRT group and 29% in the IMRT group reported a severe loss of QoL. A higher proportion among the patients receiving a genital V20 ⩾35% showed grade 1–3 side effects such as chronic dyspareunia ( p = .035; Fisher exact test). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of IMRT decreases acute and chronic adverse effects although reduced QoL also occurred in the IMRT group. These effects are likely to be underreported in retrospective studies using physician-reported outcome measures.
Unexpected postpneumonectomy exertion-induced acute right heart failure
Authors: Colombo Jacopo , Arendar Iryna , Pastorino Ugo , Codazzi Daniela 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Thoracic surgery can have serious side effects. Accurate preoperative evaluation to assess which patients with anatomically resectable disease are suitable candidates for surgery is mandatory. Case description: A 58-year-old man, scheduled for left pneumonectomy for lung cancer, passed all the preoperative examinations suggested by guidelines and underwent the surgery. Three days after pneumonectomy, he experienced hemorrhagic shock and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome. Fifteen days after left pneumonectomy, he experienced exertional acute right heart failure (ARHF). We administered sildenafil and he improved, clinically and echocardiographically. During the following 2 years of follow-up, he was asymptomatic at rest but under exercise test, he developed pulmonary hypertension with echocardiographic signs of right ventricular impairment. Conclusions: In patients scheduled for major lung resections, preoperative stress echocardiography may give an adjunctive value to cardiopulmonary exercise test, quantifying the exercise-induced reduction in right ventricle ejection fraction and identifying asymptomatic patients at risk for postoperative ARHF.
Debt covenant violation, competition and cost of new debt
Authors: Butt Umar 
Published: November 2018

This article empirically shows that the cost of new debt is higher for firms that commit covenant violations. Using a proxy for product market competition to capture exogenous changes to a firm’s competitive environment, I find that the cost is systematically higher for firms that operate in competitive markets. Moreover, I identify channels through which violations can increase the cost of new debt, namely, the incidence, timing and frequency effects, and I document these effects to be more acute for competitive markets. Overall, the study finds that the market prices financial contracts by taking into account the information content of the violation and the risk arising from market competition. JEL Classification: G12, G30
An unusual case of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks
Authors: Sardoeira Ana , Cação Gonçalo , Pina Sofia , Sousa Ana Paula , Damásio Joana 
Published: November 2018

Background Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headaches include those with conjunctival injection and tearing and with cranial autonomic symptoms. Most frequently reported as idiopathic, there is a growing number of symptomatic cases described. Case report A 57-year old man presented a 16-year history of right hemifacial short-lasting pain attacks accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic symptoms and simultaneous malar contractions. Brain MRI disclosed a right acoustic neuroma compressing the right facial nerve and a venous developmental anomaly perpendicular to the right facial nerve root entry zone, without lesions affecting the trigeminal nerve. He was started on lamotrigine, resulting in complete remission of pain attacks, autonomic signs and facial contractions. Conclusions This patient presents a typical short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with response to lamotrigine. The uniqueness of the case is the co-occurring malar contractions, evocative of facial nerve involvement. We speculate whether facial nerve compression renders this nerve more susceptible to triggering during a short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attack.
Midterm Results of the Bony Bankart Bridge Technique for the Treatment of Bony Bankart Lesions
Authors: Godin Jonathan A. , Altintas Burak , Horan Marilee P. , Hussain Zaamin B. , Pogorzelski Jonas , Fritz Erik M. , Millett Peter J. 
Published: November 2018

Background: The arthroscopic “bony Bankart bridge” (BBB) repair technique was recently shown to successfully restore shoulder stability at short-term follow-up, but longer-term outcomes have not yet been described. Purpose: To report the outcomes at minimum 5-year follow-up after BBB repair for anterior shoulder instability with a bony Bankart lesion. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients were included if they sustained a bony Bankart lesion, were treated with a BBB technique, and were at least 5 years postoperative. Patients were excluded if they underwent concomitant rotator cuff repair or an open bone fragment reduction. All patients were assessed with the following measures preoperatively and at final evaluation: QuickDASH (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) Physical Component Summary. Results: From 2008 to 2012, 13 patients who underwent BBB met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 39.6 years (range, 19.1-68.8 years) and a mean follow-up of 6.7 years (range, 5.1-9.0 years). Mean time from most recent injury to surgery was 6.3 months (range, 1 day–36 months). The mean glenoid bone loss was 22.5% (range, 9.1%-38.6%). Mean SF-12 scores demonstrated significant improvement from 45.8 (SD, 9.7) preoperatively to 55.1 (SD, 5.9) at a mean follow-up of 6.7 years. At final follow-up, the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 93.1 (range, 68.3-100); the mean QuickDASH score, 6.2 (range, 0-25); and the mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, 92.8 (range, 69-99). None of the patients progressed to further shoulder surgery. Three of 13 patients (23%) reported subjective recurrent instability. At final follow-up, 9 of 12 (75%) patients indicated that their sports participation levels were equal to their preinjury levels. Median patient satisfaction at final follow-up was 10 of 10 points (range, 3-10). Conclusion: The arthroscopic BBB technique for patients with anterior bony Bankart lesions can restore shoulder stability, yield durable improvements in clinical outcomes, and provide a high return-to-sport rate at a minimum 5-year follow-up. Three of 13 patients experienced postoperative symptoms of instability but did not undergo further stabilization surgery.
Where Patients With Cancer Die: A Population-Based Study, 1990 to 2012
Authors: Hunt Roger W. , D’Onise Katina , Nguyen Anh-Minh Thi , Venugopal Kamalesh 
Published: November 2018

Aims: To describe changes in the place of death of patients with cancer from 1990 to 2012, and to identify issues for their end-of-life care. Materials and Methods: Population-based descriptive study, with analyses of place of death patterns, using the South Australian Cancer Registry records of 86 257 patients with cancer who died from 1990 to 2012. Results: From 1990 to 2012, the proportion of cancer deaths in hospital decreased from 63.4% to 50.9%, and in nursing homes increased from 8.2% to 22.5%. After the year 2000, the proportions in hospices and at home were both below 15%. Multivariate analyses showed that young patients with cancer were more likely to die in a hospice or at home, compared to elderly patients with cancer who were more likely to die in a nursing home; the likelihood of dying in a hospice increased with socioeconomic status; patients with a short survival time or a hematological malignancy were more likely to die in a metropolitan hospital. Conclusions: Compared to most other countries, the proportion of cancer deaths at home was low, and many patients would not have died at their preferred place. The trend for more cancer deaths to occur in nursing homes is likely to continue, but nursing homes generally lack the resources and skilled staff to provide quality palliative care. Models of palliative care delivery should take account of patient preferences, the growth of terminal cancer care in nursing homes, and apparent inequities.