bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
МОДЕЛЬ ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ ПО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗУ С ШИРОКОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬЮ В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Стерликов Сергей Александрович , Русакова Лариса Ивановна 
Published: September 2018

Актуальность моделирования эпидемической ситуации по туберкулезу с широкой лекарственной устойчивостью (ШЛУ ТБ) обусловлена высокой эпидемической опасностью заболевания, отсутствием результативных мер его профилактики и лечения, отсутствием статистических данных, описывающих частоту его распространения. Материалы и методы. Базируясь на сведениях федерального статистического наблюдения, а также на результатах специального запроса Минздрава России о частоте ШЛУ ТБ у случаев туберкулеза из различных регистрационных групп, была разработана модель расчета ожидаемой частоты распространения ШЛУ ТБ. В основе модели лежат данные о числе больных туберкулезом органов дыхания с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, охвате больных туберкулезом органов дыхания с бактериовыделением тестами на лекарственную чувствительность микобактерий туберкулеза к противотуберкулезным препаратам, числе больных туберкулезом внелегочных локализаций с бактериовыделением, охвате случаев лечения туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ ТБ) тестами на наличие ШЛУ ТБ, выявление случаев ШЛУ ТБ среди случаев МЛУ ТБ. Результаты. Ожидаемое число больных МЛУ ТБ на окончание отчетного года составило 43025, что на 5099 больше, чем зарегистрированное число больных МЛУ ТБ органов дыхания, состоящих на окончание отчетного года в медицинских организациях Минздрава России. Охват случаев МЛУ ТБ тестами на наличие широкой лекарственной устойчивости микобактерий туберкулеза в большинстве регионов России приближался к 100%, однако был низким в республиках Калмыкия, Карелия, Кабардино-Балкария. Медианная доля больных ШЛУ ТБ среди больных МЛУ ТБ составила 12,3%. Обсуждение. К недостаткам модели относится учет данных только среди больных туберкулезом, наблюдающихся в противотуберкулезных организациях Минздрава России, которая не учитывает больных, наблюдающихся в других ведомствах. Также искажающее влияние может вносить неравномерность качества культуральной диагностики и проведения тестов на лекарственную чувствительность к препаратам основного и резервного ряда, неполный охват больных туберкулезом культуральной диагностикой. Заключение. Предложенная модель позволяет дать ориентировочные характеристики частоты распространения ШЛУ ТБ. Ожидаемое число больных ШЛУ ТБ, состоящих на бациллярном учете на окончание 2016 года, составило от 5 до 8,5 тыс. (­оптимальный прогноз - 6,5 тыс.), а ожидаемая частота распространения - от 3,3 до 3,9 на 100 000 населения. ­Несмотря на невысокую частоту распространения ШЛУ ТБ, в 10 регионах России имеется более 100 больных ШЛУ ТБ, что ­позволяет говорить о высоком финансовом бремени данного заболевания.
АЛЬТЕРАЦИИ В ГЕНАХ PNCA И RPSA И АКТИВНОСТЬ ПИРАЗИНАМИДАЗЫ У ШТАММОВ M.?TUBERCULOSIS ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ И УСТОЙЧИВЫХ К ПИРАЗИНАМИДУ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Андреевская Софья Николаевна , Андриевская Ирина Юрьевна , Смирнова Татьяна Геннадьевна , Устинова Вера Витальевна , Альварес Мария Викторовна , Маслов Дмитрий Антонович , Ларионова Елена Евгеньевна , Черноусова Лариса Николаевна 
Published: September 2018

Для определения механизмов формирования лекарственной устойчивости к пиразинамиду у M. tuberculosis проведен комплексный анализ, включающий одновременное определение фенотипической чувствительности к пиразинамиду, активности пиразинамидазы, структуры генов, кодирующих пиразинамидазу и мишень воздействия пиразинамида, а также МИК препарата. Показана ведущая роль нарушения активности пиразинамидазы вследствие мутаций в гене pncA. Описан широкий спектр мутаций в этом гене и выделены те из них, которые приводят к пограничной устойчивости к пиразинамиду. Мутации на уровне гена rpsA, кодирующего мишень действия препарата, не оказывали влияния на формирование устойчивости к пиразинамиду.
ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ У ДЕТЕЙ РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУПП: ВЕДУЩИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ИННОВАЦИИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ, ЛЕЧЕНИИ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ МОЛДОВА, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Яворский Константин Михайлович , Болотникова Валентина Андреевна 
Published: September 2018

Согласно данным доказательной медицины в общих методических подходах при оценке бремени туберкулеза (ТБ) среди детско-подросткового населения, влияния на его показатели наиболее значимых морбидных факторов рис­ка и особенностей в системе противотуберкулезных мероприятий ключевую роль играет учет возраста пациентов. Это положение предопределило цель исследования и ее составляющие, явилось предметом изучения возрастной специфики ТБ в когорте (445 чел.) больных 0-17 лет по данным регистра за 2015-2017 гг. В статье представлены статистические данные о заболеваемости, распространенности и смертности от ТБ, обозначены его социально-эпидемиологические и клинико-демографические особенности. Показано, что дети раннего возраста и подростки являются наиболее уязвимой группой по инфицированию и заболеванию ТБ. Изложены приоритетные современные направления и действующие методы профилактики, диагностики и лечения ТБ у детей и подростков в Республике Молдова.
Transforming growth factor‐β blocks glucose‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Fengge , Kong Hui , Kong Xiangfeng 
Published: September 2018

Diabetic retinopathy is the most important ocular complication associated with diabetes. Corneal defects due to diabetes mellitus (DM) may cause severe vision impairments. This study aimed to identify the effect of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) on biological events, such as apoptosis and inflammation, in the diabetic cornea. High‐glucose treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and several biological events, including apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion, in human corneal epithelial cells. However, administration of TGF‐β significantly decreased ROS production, Annexin V‐positive cells, and levels of inflammatory cytokines. Sprague Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) as a model of DM. Inflammatory cytokine secretion, apoptosis, and inflammation were all increased by STZ treatment. However, apoptosis and inflammation were markedly reduced following TGF‐β treatment. In conclusion, TGF‐β can ameliorate the enhancement of apoptosis and inflammation in diabetic cornea in in vivo and in vitro.
Altered tryptophan metabolism is associated with pediatric multiple sclerosis risk and course
Authors: Nourbakhsh Bardia , Bhargava Pavan , Tremlett Helen , Hart Janace , Graves Jennifer , Waubant Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if altered tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is associated with MS risk or disease severity in children.MethodsParticipants with pediatric‐onset MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) within 4 years of disease onset and healthy controls underwent collection of serum. Longitudinal disability and processing speed measures and relapse data were collected in cases. Global metabolomics were conducted in 69/67 cases/controls. Targeted Trp measurement was performed in a discovery group (82 cases, 50 controls) and a validation group (92 cases, 50 controls), while functional gut microbiome analysis was done in 17 cases. Adjusted logistic, linear and negative binomial regression and Cox‐proportional hazard models were used.ResultsUsing global metabolomics data, higher relative abundances of Trp and indole lactate, a known gut microbiota‐derived Trp metabolite, were associated with lower risk of MS. In cases, higher relative abundances of gut microbiota‐derived Trp metabolites were associated with lower disability and higher processing speed scores and higher relative abundance of kynurenine was associated with higher relapse rate. Using targeted tryptophan measures, in the discovery and validation groups, each 1 mcg/mL increase in serum Trp level was associated with 20% (95% CI: 4–34%) and 32% (95% CI: 16–44%) decrease in adjusted odds of having MS, respectively. A lower relative abundance of gut microbial genes involved in Trp catabolism was associated with higher relapse risk.InterpretationTrp metabolism by the gut microbiota and the kynurenine pathway may be relevant to the risk of MS in children as well as MS activity and severity.
Band Structure Engineering in 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Bao Xiaozhi , Ou Qingdong , Xu Zai‐Quan , Zhang Yupeng , Bao Qiaoliang , Zhang Han 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent advances in the development of 2D‐layered materials have witnessed the use of these materials as intriguing building blocks for various optoelectronic applications. The versatility of 2D material systems makes them particularly attractive for photodetection with fast response and high sensitivity over a broad spectral coverage, ranging from ultraviolet, visible to infrared. However, due to the atomically thin nature and inherent electronic structure, light that is harvested by monolayer 2D materials is extremely low and the photodetector devices often operate as Schottky junctions, which significantly limit the efficiency for photocurrent generation. Here, recent progress on the exploration of 2D material–based heterostructures and the engineering of the band structures for energy‐efficient optoelectronic applications is reviewed. First, the strategies to introduce a bandgap in graphene are reviewed and discussed. This is followed by a discussion on the engineering of electronic structures in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides by localized chemical doping, dual gating, liquid gating, thickness modulation, and constructing heterojunctions. It is concluded by a summary and perspective on the challenges and future directions.
A Parallel Multiscale Simulation Framework for Complex Polymerization: AB2‐Type Monomer Hyperbranched Polymerization as an Example
Authors: Zhang Zidan , Krajniak Jakub , Samaey Giovanni , Nies Erik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA multiscale simulation framework for polycondensation and other types of polymerization mechanisms, which is used to study the hyperbranched polymerization of AB2 type monomer 4,4‐bis‐(4'‐hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid is presented. The reaction framework is established by combining the coarse‐grained molecular dynamics and the reactive Monte Carlo method, in which the coarse‐grained molecular dynamics handles the diffusion of particles and the reactive Monte Carlo method determines the bond formation. The influence of parameters in the simulation model on the quality of the simulation results is explicitly evaluated. Specific guidelines on how to choose proper values for the simulation model parameters are given here. It is shown that i) the reaction interval should be chosen from the ballistic region of the diffusion profile; and ii) the first valley of the radial distribution function of reactants is a good value for the reaction capture radius for polycondensation in terms of accuracy of the calculations. Moreover, a recipe to determine the rate constant from the kinetic equation is explicitly proposed. Using the guidelines, excellent agreement between simulation results and the experimental data is obtained.
Fabrication of graphene/single wall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline composite gels as binder‐free electrode materials
Authors: Du Xiangxiang , Luo Fubin , Guo Yuyue , Zhu Qingqing , Xiao Fei , Wu Kun , Lu Mangeng 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTA three‐dimensional (3D) graphene‐based hydrogels system containing one‐dimensional (1D) carbon material‐single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and pseudocapacitor material‐polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by combination of cross‐linking, reduced and in situ polymerization. The polyaniline nanoparticles were combined with the reduced graphene sheet by π‐π conjugation. The as‐perpared composite gels could be directly used as electrode materials without binders. Due to the synergistic effect between SWCNTs, graphene sheet and PANI, the graphene/single wall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (GH/SWCNTs/PANI) composite gel shows the enhanced electrochemical performances. The resultant GH/SWCNTs/PANI gel electroactive material shows a gravimetric specific capacitance of 145.4 F/g at 0.5 A/g and has improved 45% compared with initial graphene hydrogel (GH) at the same current density. And it keeps high retention of 98.8% of the initial capacity after 10,00 charge/discharge cycles at high current density of 10 A/g. The great cycle stability achieved is fundamentally attributed to the support of graphene sheet and single wall carbon nanotubes, which favors stress distribution and charge transfer during the longtime charge/discharge process. The graphene‐based hydrogels could be a potential applicant for high rate charge/discharge applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46948.
Expanding the Cathodic Potential Window of Activated Carbon Electrodes in a Lithium‐Salt Containing Electrolyte
Authors: Dsoke Sonia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractActivated carbon is the most common material used for electrochemical double layer capacitors. With the recent development of Li‐ion capacitors, activated carbon is also used in Li‐salt‐containing organic electrolytes. The cathodic potential of activated carbon is in general limited to 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+, in order to avoid the decomposition of the electrolyte, which can block the porosity and accessible area of the carbon. This work aims to investigate the unexplored region, below 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+ to understand how a lower limit cut‐off can influence the electrochemical performance of activated carbon. Interestingly, a very critical potential is 1.0 V. When an electrode is cycled until this limit, the performance drastically falls down. On the other side, by further expanding the lower potential limit to 0.5 V, the capacity increases, without substantially compromising the resistance and the cycling stability. At even lower potentials (i. e., 0.2 V, 0.1 V and 0.005 V) the capacity further increases, but at the cost of the cycling stability. This work opens new directions on the use of activated carbon at potentials below the standard cathodic limit of 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+.
Protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on lipotoxicity‐mediated cell death in Schwann cells: Implication of PI3K/AKT and mTORC2 pathways
Authors: Descorbeth Magda , Figueroa Karen , Serrano‐Illán Miguel , De León Marino 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibits neuroprotective properties and has been shown to preserve nerve cells following trauma and ischemic injury. Recently, we showed that DHA pretreatment improved locomotion and reduced neuropathic pain after acute spinal cord injury in adult rats. These improvements were associated with an increase in the levels of AKT in spinal cord injury neurons. In this study, we investigate the implication of PI3K/AKT and mTOR pathway in DHA‐mediated protection of primary cultured Schwann cells (pSC) undergoing palmitic acid‐induced lipotoxicity (PA‐LTx).MethodsPrimary cultured Schwann cells were treated with PA (PA:BSA, 2:1) in the presence or absence of DHA (1–200 µM) for 24–48 hr. Cell viability was determined by crystal violet staining and nuclear morphology was examined using Hoechst staining.ResultsWe found that pSC cultures exposed to palmitic acid (PA) overload showed chromatin condensation, a decrease in cell viability and an inhibition of AKT phosphorylation in a time‐dependent manner. Next, pSC exposed to PA overload were treated with DHA. The data show that co‐treatment with DHA inhibited the loss of cell viability and apoptosis caused by PA. Moreover, treatment with DHA inhibited chromatin condensation, significantly stimulated p‐AKT phosphorylation under PA‐LTx condition, and DHA alone increased AKT phosphorylation. Additionally, when these pSC cultures were treated with PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and, BKM120 and mTOR inhibitors Torin 1 (mTORC1/mTORC2), but not rapamycin (mTORC1), the protective effects of DHA were not observed.ConclusionThese findings suggest PI3K/AKT and mTORC2 kinase pathways are involved in the protective function (s) of DHA in PA‐induced Schwann cell death.
Applying eye tracking and electroencephalography to evaluate the effects of placement disclosures on brand responses
Authors: Guo Fu , Ye Guoquan , Duffy Vincent G. , Li Mingming , Ding Yi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProduct placement is regarded as a covert advertising strategy because viewers are often unaware of the persuasion attempt when they are exposed to product placement due to the high integration of the commercial content into the media content. In order to guarantee fair communication and prevent viewers from being influenced without their awareness, regulations prescribing proper disclosure of product placement have been issued in many countries. However, there are no consistent findings of the effectiveness of disclosures in prior studies. This study first combined eye‐tracking and electroencephalography (EEG) technologies with self‐reported measures to better understand the effects of disclosures on viewers' brand responses. The results show that (a) disclosure is an effective method to increase viewers' awareness of the embedded persuasive message and brand recognition, while also causing a decrease in brand attitude; (b) viewers exposed to a product placement disclosure tend to show longer fixation time on the placed product and evoke decreased frontal alpha band and increased frontal and right‐hemisphere gamma band compared with those who are exposed to non‐disclosed product placement; and (c) the positive effects of disclosures on the awareness of the embedded persuasive message and brand recognition are mediated by fixation time, and the negative effect of disclosures on brand attitude is mediated by fixation time and right‐hemisphere gamma band. These findings indicate that such eye movement indices and EEG bands can be viewed as reference measures reflecting viewers' cognitive and emotional processing of product placement and disclosures.
Use of self‐reported psychopathy assessments with older adults: An update on evaluation of their psychometrics for people over 60 years
Authors: Holzer Katherine J. , Vaughn Michael G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychometric properties of self‐report psychopathy scales have generally been established in samples of people under the age of 40. Personality traits are, however, likely to persist into old age, so it is important to understand the performance of user‐friendly self‐report psychopathy measures among older people.AimsThe aims of this study were to find out the extent to which self‐reported scales developed for rating psychopathy have been used with people of 60 years or older and the extent of any evidence that the psychometric properties of the scales vary with age.MethodsA systematic literature review, with searching limited to PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar for the years 1990‐2017, of studies of the psychometric properties of five prominent self‐report psychopathy scales: the Self‐Report Psychopathy Scale, Levenson Self‐Report Psychopathy Scale, Psychopathic Personality Inventory, Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment according to age of participants.ResultsFourteen studies were found for the years 1990–2017. Age ranges in these samples are wide, with a typical mean age of approximately 30 years. None of these studies focused solely on adults of 60 years or older or attempted to isolate findings by specific age group.Conclusions and Implications for Future ResearchStudies of the use of self‐rated psychopathy tools remain inconclusive about their psychometrics in older people. Further investigations should follow three main paths: first, deriving samples solely of older adults from the general population—to improve the generalisability of their results; second, item response theory methods should be used to detect differential item functioning between younger and older adults; finally, modifications of extant measures with and without items with potential age‐bias should be tested.
Nonsurgical management of a large necrotic nasal tip wound using a viable cryopreserved placental membrane
Authors: Johnson Eric L. , Danilkovitch Alla 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageA large necrotic nasal wound with interdomal subcutaneous tissue loss and the exposed greater alar cartilage was managed conservatively with a placental allograft. This approach is an alternative to the complex staged surgical reconstructive procedures for poor surgical candidates, patients unwilling to undergo facial surgeries, or autologous nasal graft failures.
Prospective analysis of 30‐day mortality following palliative chemotherapy at a tertiary cancer centre
Authors: McCracken James A. , Dabscheck Adrian , Coperchini Maria , Hornung Ilana , Jalali Azim , Akers Georgina , Karahalios Amalia , Gore Fran , Lipton Lara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThirty‐day mortality after chemotherapy has been suggested as a marker of quality in oncology care. Retrospective audits worldwide have put this figure at between 8.1% and 43%, with previous retrospective Australian audits putting this figure at between 3.4% and 18%. To date, there has not been a prospective cohort study of patients receiving palliative intent chemotherapy at an Australian chemotherapy day unit.AimThe aim of the study is to benchmark 30‐day mortality for patients receiving palliative intent chemotherapy and identify associated factors at an Australian tertiary cancer centre.Methods and resultsA prospective cohort study of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy referred for palliative intent intravenous chemotherapy to the Sunshine Hospital Chemotherapy Day Unit over a 12‐month period. The primary outcome was death within 30 days of receiving palliative intent chemotherapy. Other outcome measures included place of death and whether the patient received an outpatient palliative care referral. A total of 314 patients were enrolled in the study, and 98 patients died within the audit period. Of these, 21 (6.6%) died within 30 days of commencing palliative intent chemotherapy, and 60 (18.8%) died more than 30 days after receiving chemotherapy. Of the 34 patients that were referred, but did not start chemotherapy, 18 (52%) died. Multivariable logistic regression found that patients who received an outpatient palliative care referral and received chemotherapy were more likely to die within 30 days, although these did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion(s)This prospective cohort study demonstrated that 6.6% of patients died within 30 days of the administration of palliative intent chemotherapy; however, none of the prespecified factors were found to be statistically significantly associated with 30‐day mortality.