bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and resource utilization for vocal fold paralysis/paresis after esophagectomy
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Tong Betty C. , Lee Hui‐Jie , Song Yao , Harpole David H. , Jones Harrison N. , Cohen Seth 
Published: September 2018

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold paralysis/paresis (VFP) is an uncommon but serious complication following esophagectomy. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify the prevalence of VFP and associated complications after esophagectomy in the United States, and 2) determine the utilization and otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery/speech‐language pathology (OHNS/SLP) and predictors of such utilization in the management of these patients.Study DesignRetrospective database analysis.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) represents a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US hospitals. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, patients undergoing esophagectomy between 2008 and 2013 were identified in the NIS. Subcohorts of patients with VFP and OHNS/SLP utilization were also identified. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare binary outcomes such as complications; generalized linear models were used to compare total hospital charges and length of stay (LOS).ResultsWe studied 10,896 discharges, representing a weighted estimate of 52,610 patients undergoing esophagectomy. The incidence of VFP after esophagectomy was 1.96%. Compared to those without VFP, patients with VFP had a higher incidence of postoperative pneumonia, more medical complications, and were more likely to undergo tracheostomy; hospital charges and LOS were also higher. Of the patients with VFP, 35.0% received OHNS/SLP intervention.ConclusionsVFP after esophagectomy is associated with postoperative complications, prolonged LOS, and higher hospital costs. OHNS/SLP intervention occurred in roughly one‐third of postesophagectomy VFP patients, suggesting there may be opportunities for enhanced evaluation and management of these patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 128:2815–2822, 2018
Patient‐reported olfaction improves following outside‐in Draf III frontal sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wong Eugene H. , Do Timothy Q. , Harvey Richard J. , Orgain Carolyn A. , Sacks Raymond , Kalish Larry 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe Draf III frontal sinusotomy is an established surgical procedure with an important role in the surgical management of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In 2012, the outside‐in approach to the Draf III was described as a safe and efficient procedure. Smell recovery in inflammatory CRS is challenging, and to date there is limited evidence suggesting that Draf III improves patient‐reported olfactory dysfunction from CRS.MethodsA consecutive series of patients who underwent an outside‐in Draf III for inflammatory CRS by a single, tertiary rhinologist were reviewed. Patients were excluded if the Draf III was performed for noninflammatory conditions. Postoperatively, patients were maintained on long‐term corticosteroid irrigations, and adherence was assessed. Prospectively collected data included patient demographics, a visual analogue scale for smell, overall Sinonasal Outcome Test Score (SNOT‐22), global nasal function score, and a clinician‐graded clinical outcome score.ResultsOne hundred and four patients (41.1% female) aged 54 ± 12 years underwent an outside‐in Draf III. The median follow‐up time was 30.6 months (range 12.2–72.1). The majority of patients rated their smell loss as moderate or worse preoperatively; however, this was significantly improved at postoperative review (71.2% vs. 27.6%; Kendall tau‐b, P < 0.01). The SNOT‐22 score improved after surgery (2.32 ± 1.09 vs. 0.78 ± 0.69, P < 0.0001). Medication adherence was significantly associated with improved clinical outcome score (Kendall tau‐b, P < 0.004). Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease was found to be a significant risk factor predicting poor clinical outcome on univariate analysis (Odds Ratio = 4.69 (1.03–21.2), P = 0.04).ConclusionThe outside‐in Draf III appears to facilitate sustained, meaningful improvement in several self‐reported outcomes, including smell. However, further study and comparison to less aggressive surgery will be required to confirm its true benefit.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 129:25–30, 2019
Readmission after surgery for oropharyngeal cancer: An analysis of rates, causes, and risk factors
Authors: Goel Alexander N. , Badran Karam W. , Mendelsohn Abie H. , Chhetri Dinesh K. , Sercarz Joel A. , Blackwell Keith E. , John Maie A. St. , Long Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the rate, diagnoses, and risk factors associated with 30‐day nonelective readmissions for patients undergoing surgery for oropharyngeal cancer.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe analyzed the Nationwide Readmissions Database for patients who underwent oropharyngeal cancer surgery between 2010 and 2014. Rates and causes of 30‐day readmissions were determined. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for readmission.ResultsAmong 16,902 identified cases, the 30‐day, nonelective readmission rate was 10.2%, with an average cost per readmission of $14,170. The most common readmission diagnoses were postoperative bleeding (14.1%) and wound complications (12.6%) (surgical site infection [8.6%], dehiscence [2.3%], and fistula [1.7%]). On multivariate regression, significant risk factors for readmission were major ablative surgery (which included total glossectomy, pharyngectomy, and mandibulectomy) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06‐1.60), advanced Charlson/Deyo comorbidity (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.43‐2.79), history of radiation (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15‐2.17), Medicare (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.69) or Medicaid (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.32‐2.50) payer status, index admission from the emergency department (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.40), and length of stay ≥6 days (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19‐2.08).ConclusionsIn this large database analysis, we found that approximately one in 10 patients undergoing surgery for oropharyngeal cancer is readmitted within 30 days. Procedural complexity, insurance status, and advanced comorbidity are independent risk factors, whereas postoperative bleeding and wound complications are the most common reasons for readmission.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 129:910–918, 2019
‘Decoupling’ land productivity and greenhouse gas footprints: A review
Authors: Wang Li , Cutforth Herb , Lal Rattan , Chai Qiang , Zhao Cai , Gan Yantai , Siddique Kadambot H.M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA major challenge of our time is to produce sufficient nutrient‐rich food for the ever‐growing human population with limited land resources. There is a huge gap between current yields and genetic potential in many crops, which can be narrowed by enhancing land productivity. High‐input cropping increases crop yields, but heavy fertilizer and pesticide use can lead to land degradation, increase greenhouse gas footprint, and carry significant risks for eutrophication. What efforts can be taken to ‘decouple’ land productivity and the environmental footprint? Can land productivity increase while concurrently minimizing the environmental footprint? Here, we show that an integrated systems approach can minimize the tradeoff to achieve an effective ‘decoupling’ outcome. Some key components that can be integrated into a system include (i) intensifying crop rotations to enhance carbon conversion from atmospheric CO2 to plant biomass, (ii) diversifying cropping systems to enhance residual soil water and nutrient use and increase systems resilience, (iii) including N2‐fixing pulse crops in rotations to reduce synthetic fertilizer use, (iv) improving fertilizer‐N use efficiency to lower N2O emissions, and (v) sequestering more carbon to the soil to potentially offset CO2 equivalent emissions from cropping inputs. Integration of these proven cropping practices into a system creates a powerful synergy among individual components, thereby improving land productivity and systems resilience for long‐term sustainability. Relevant economic and agro‐environmental policies are needed to reinforce the adoption of a systems approach at the local farm level.
Inter‐annual variations over a decade of primary production of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Champenois W. , Borges A. V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe acquired quasi‐continuous measurements of community gross primary production (GPP) by mass balance of O2 measured on a mooring, from August 2006 to October 2016 over a Posidonia oceanica meadow (10 m depth) in the Bay of Revellata (Corsica). Over the 2006–2016 period, annual GPP averaged 88 molO2 m−2 yr−1 and ranged from 61 to 108 molO2 m−2 yr−1. The 2 yr with the lowest annual GPP (2007 and 2015) were characterized by a low occurrence of fall–winter storms, probably leading to the accumulation of leaf litter in fall and early winter; we hypothesize this might have led to occultation of benthic macro‐algae. Among the other years, the inter‐annual variability of GPP was related to changes during the February–August period, as GPP was repeatable among years during the September–January period. For the February–August period, inter‐annual variations of GPP were correlated to chlorophyll a (Chl a), solar radiation (SR) and water temperature. Computed phytoplankton GPP corresponded to a small fraction of community GPP, so the relation between GPP and Chl a probably reflected inter‐annual variations of a common driver that we hypothesize to be nutrient inputs. The correlation of GPP with SR shows that light availability contributed to inter‐annual variations of the development of P. oceanica. The positive relation between GPP and temperature was consistent with the fact that the observed temperatures in the Bay of Revellata were during the study period within the comfort range for the growth of P. oceanica, despite an increase of water temperature of 0.7°C.
Generation of Multi‐Gigahertz Trains of Phase‐Coherent Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Ti:Sapphire Waveguides
Authors: Grivas Christos , Ismaeel Rand , Corbari Costantino , Huang Chung‐Che , Hewak Dan W. , Lagoudakis Pavlos , Brambilla Gilberto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMiniature lasers producing ultrashort phase‐coherent pulses at high repetition rates by stable mode‐locking in ambient conditions can offer unique capabilities in various applications, spanning from microwave photonics to telecom and biological imaging techniques. Here, the operation of graphene mode‐locked lasers based on channel waveguides written by femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses in Ti:sapphire crystals is demonstrated. Trains of pulses of 41.4 fs duration at a 21.25 GHz repetition rate are generated by capitalizing on the formation of solitons in their monolithic resonators through Gires–Tournois interferometers. The latter, allow for effective pulse shaping via tuning of the intracavity group delay dispersion while simultaneously enabling ultralow laser operating thresholds. A number of features of these sources, including their high‐brightness and broad bandwidth, are essential ingredients for achieving high longitudinal resolution and sensitivity, which are the primary performance metrics of the Fourier domain/spectral domain variant of optical coherence tomography systems. A further doubling of the laser repetition rate to 42.5 GHz is achieved by coherent pulse interleaving in optical fiber technology, thereby underlining the potential of the Ti:sapphire waveguide lasers to produce highly stable, wide‐spaced combs of phase‐coherent optical frequency lines.
Informant‐ and Self‐Appraisals on the Psychosis and Hallucinations Questionnaire (PsycH‐Q) Enhances Detection of Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Muller Alana J. , Mills Joanna M. Z. , O'Callaghan Claire , Naismith Sharon L. , Clouston Paul D. , Lewis Simon J. G. , Shine James M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundClinicians vary in their ability to elicit and interpret hallucinatory symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). There is limited evidence for informant‐report measures of PD hallucinations as adjuncts to clinician‐rated scales.ObjectivesTo determine the utility of an informant version of the validated Psychosis and Hallucinations Questionnaire (PsycH‐Q) for assessing the presence and severity of hallucinations in PD; and, to evaluate accuracy of clinician judgements by comparison with informant report and self‐report.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐three PD patient‐informant dyads completed self‐ and informant‐report versions of PsycH‐Q and three common questionnaire measures: Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire; Parkinson's Psychosis Questionnaire; and Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease–Psychiatric Complications. We compared self‐ratings and informant ratings across analogous subscales for the presence of hallucinations with clinician interview ratings on MDS‐UPDRS as a diagnostic standard.ResultsThere was a low level of agreement between dyads (average κ = 0.39; κ range = 0.32–0.47; P < 0.001), and patients indicated the highest prevalence of hallucinations compared to informant or clinician estimates. Clinician interview missed 32% of PsycH‐Q hallucinators identified by dyads. Relative to the sample, 22 patients with exclusively clinician‐appraised hallucinations had poorer overall quality of life measured by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire.ConclusionsThe sole use of clinician‐rated scales may underestimate prevalence of PD hallucinations, and there is room for introducing self‐ and informant‐report tools. Nonetheless, clinician appraisals are critical in cases when informant and patient insight might be affected by the impact of illness on quality of life.
Revised antiemetics guidelines and the impact on nutritional status during induction chemotherapy in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Carroll Catherine , Clinton Frieda , Smith Aisling , Fox Aine , Capra Michael , Pears Jane , Owens Cormac 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐risk neuroblastoma (HR NBL) treatment requires intensive induction chemotherapy. The profoundly emetogenic agents used can compromise nutritional status. Our institution introduced a new antiemetic guideline in 2010 incorporating regular dexamethasone, in addition to ondansetron, for all highly emetogenic protocols.ProcedureA retrospective comparative review of pediatric patients diagnosed with HR NBL who received rapid COJEC induction chemotherapy as per HR‐SIOPEN NBL trial. Prophylactic antiemetics were prescribed regardless of chemotherapy emetogenicity in group A (2004–2010) but for defined time periods considering chemotherapy emetogenicity in group B (2010–2017).ResultsSixty‐three children were eligible for inclusion (median age, 31 months; range, 1–88 months). Group A had more episodes of emesis than group B (189 vs. 116, P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in weight‐for‐age Z score change between the groups by induction end (P = 0.0027). Four children (13%) in group A lost >10% body weight versus none in group B. Nutrition support (NS) was utilized by 29 children (94%) in group A and 22 children (69%) in group B. Group A had a median of 3 (range, 1–7) admissions for febrile neutropenia (FN) versus a median of 1.5 (range, 0–4) for group B (P = 0.003) during induction.ConclusionThe review of our guidelines led to reduced emesis frequency for group B. They also required less NS, followed expected growth trajectories more closely and had fewer FN admissions. We propose that this may have occurred due to better emesis control resulting in improved nutritional status and associated enhanced immune function.
Helix‐sense‐selective copolymerization of triphenylmethyl methacrylate with chiral 2‐isopropenyl‐4‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline
Authors: Shen Jun , Ikeda Naoto , Bi Wanying , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe asymmetric induction leading to a one‐handed helix was investigated in the anionic and radical copolymerization of triphenylmethyl methacrylate (TrMA) and (S)‐2‐isopropenyl‐4‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline ((S)‐IPO), and highly isotactic copolymers with a reasonable optical activity were obtained. In the anionic copolymerization, the optical activity of the obtained copolymers depended on the polarity of solvents, and a highly optically active copolymer was produced in the copolymerization in toluene. The chiral oxazoline monomer functioned not only as a comonomer but also as a chiral ligand to endow the polymer with large negative optical rotation in the copolymerization with TrMA. The copolymers with small positive optical rotation were obtained in THF, indicating that IPO unit may work only as the chiral monomer that dictates the helical sense via copolymerization with TrMA. The isotacticity of the obtained copolymers depended on the contents of TrMA units in the copolymers, but was almost independent of the solvent for copolymerization. In the radical copolymerization, the obtained copolymers exhibited small optical activities. It seemed that the chiral monomer cannot induce one‐handed helical structure of TrMA sequences even if the sequences probably have a high isotacticity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 441–447
Active site flexibility revealed in crystal structures of Parabacteroides merdae β‐glucuronidase from the human gut microbiome
Authors: Little Michael S. , Ervin Samantha M. , Walton William G. , Tripathy Ashutosh , Xu Yongmei , Liu Jian , Redinbo Matthew R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstractβ‐Glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract are involved in maintaining mammalian‐microbial symbiosis and can play key roles in drug efficacy and toxicity. Parabacteroides merdae GUS was identified as an abundant mini‐Loop 2 (mL2) type GUS enzyme in the Human Microbiome Project gut metagenomic database. Here, we report the crystal structure of P. merdae GUS and highlight the differences between this enzyme and extant structures of gut microbial GUS proteins. We find that P. merdae GUS exhibits a distinct tetrameric quaternary structure and that the mL2 motif traces a unique path within the active site, which also includes two arginines distinctive to this GUS. We observe two states of the P. merdae GUS active site; a loop repositions itself by more than 50 Å to place a functionally‐relevant residue into the enzyme's catalytic site. Finally, we find that P. merdae GUS is able to bind to homo and heteropolymers of the polysaccharide alginic acid. Together, these data broaden our understanding of the structural and functional diversity in the GUS family of enzymes present in the human gut microbiome and point to specialization as an important feature of microbial GUS orthologs.
A characterization of constant‐sample testable properties
Authors: Blais Eric , Yoshida Yuichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe characterize the set of properties of Boolean‐valued functions on a finite domain that are testable with a constant number of samples (x,f(x)) with x drawn uniformly at random from . Specifically, we show that a property is testable with a constant number of samples if and only if it is (essentially) a k‐part symmetric property for some constant k, where a property is k‐part symmetric if there is a partition of such that whether satisfies the property is determined solely by the densities of f on . We use this characterization to show that symmetric properties are essentially the only graph properties and affine‐invariant properties that are testable with a constant number of samples and that for every constant , monotonicity of functions on the d‐dimensional hypergrid is testable with a constant number of samples.
Experiences in creating a software tool to analyze and postprocess simulated and measured data
Authors: Ceraolo Massimo 
Published: September 2018

SummaryToday, there is a great availability of software to plot simulated or measured data either commercial or free, possibly open source. The author has created one of them, which has the specificity of being compact, compatible with several input formats, and freely distributed, available for Windows, Macintosh, and Unix. It has also the ability to postprocess simulated and measured data. This paper shows some of the choices that have been made to produce this tool, gives hints on their implementation, and shows which special characteristics were searched for, which not always are available on larger tools or tools built into simulation or measuring software.
Catalytic Enantioselective Flow Processes with Solid‐Supported Chiral Catalysts
Authors: Rodríguez‐Escrich Carles , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSustainability concerns are the wind in the sails for the development of novel, more selective catalytic processes. Hence, chiral catalysts play a crucial role in the green production of enantioenriched compounds. To further increase the green profile of this approach, the use of solid‐supported catalytic species is appealing due to the reduced generation of waste, as well as the possibility of reusing the precious catalyst. Even more attractive is the implementation of flow processes based on these immobilized catalysts, a flexible strategy that allows to generate from milli‐ to multi‐gram amounts of chiral product with a reduced footprint set‐up. Herein, we will present the efforts devoted in our laboratory towards the immobilization of chiral catalysts and their use in single‐pass, highly enantioselective, flow processes. Proline, diarylprolinols, other aminocatalysts, squaramides, thioureas, phosphoric acids and even chiral ligands and metal‐based catalysts constitute our current toolkit of supported species for enantioselective catalysis.
Reaching Out to Students From Title I Schools
Authors: Johnston Vickie , Martelli Cynthia Dawn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA university's literacy festival can promote reading and foster the idea that books make a difference, especially to undersupported students from Title I schools. A literacy festival featuring a variety of diverse authors presenting hands‐on workshops showcasing their literary craft can enable students from Title I schools to engage with the authors and can motivate students from diverse backgrounds to develop an excitement for reading. It can also motivate teachers and librarians to use literature that reflects their population to engage students in reading and can transform teacher candidates’ understanding of students from diverse backgrounds. The authors describe how a university College of Education's literacy festival was implemented and explore how it provided an opportunity for children in low‐socioeconomic‐status communities to be exposed to books and authors of quality children's literature.