bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and characteristics of smokers interested in using virtual reality for encouraging smoking cessation: a representative population survey in Great Britain
Authors: Okpako Tosan , Kale Dimitra , Perski Olga , Brown Jamie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity in the world. Virtual reality (VR) has been used to encourage and support quit attempts. However, interest in VR may differ according to sociodemographic characteristics. This study aimed to estimate the proportion and associated characteristics of smokers in Great Britain who were interested in using VR for smoking cessation.

Methods
Data were collected from 6,858 adults between February to April 2023, from the Smoking Toolkit Study—a monthly, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adults in Great Britain. Of these, 873 were smokers (unweighted). Prevalence of interest was assessed descriptively and associations between interest and sociodemographic and smoking characteristics were analysed with weighted logistic regression models.

Results
Of 905 (weighted) smokers, 34.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI):31.0%-38.5%) were interested in using VR for smoking cessation. Smokers had greater odds of reporting interest in VR for smoking cessation who were: highly motivated to quit (Odds Ratio (OR):2.41, 95% CI:1.59–3.65), had made a quit attempt in the past year (OR:1.95, 95% CI:1.37–2.77), currently trying to cut down (OR:1.90, 95% CI:1.34–2.67) and interested in VR generally (OR:10.42, 95% CI:6.97–15.57). Those ≥ 65 years old (OR:0.29, 95% CI:0.15–0.57) and women (OR:0.69, 95% CI:0.49–0.97) were less likely to report interest.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that up to a third of adult smokers may be interested in using VR to support a quit attempt. However, the potential reach of a VR smoking cessation intervention may be lower in certain subgroups such as women, adults 65 years or older, and adults less motivated to quit. From a health equity perspective, it is recommended that non-digital but effective interventions should be made readily available for adults at risk of digital exclusion due to lack of interest. However, as VR grows in popularity and its technological potential becomes fully realised, future research could also focus on strategies to reduce digital exclusion and increase interest. For example, by involving these subgroups in co-design activities and using novel dissemination strategies.
The Royal College of Psychiatrists should become British, not Royal
Authors: Curtis David 
Published: November 2024

Summary
The royal charter of the Royal College of Psychiatrists is generally taken to enhance its status. However, the concept of a hereditary monarchy is intellectually indefensible and the realities of the British monarchy exacerbate inequalities in the UK. The connection is particularly problematic for psychiatrists because of their role in the compulsory detention and treatment of patients. The Royal affiliation can only serve to emphasise the power inequalities in society associated with these activities. College members should feel free to discuss whether this situation should continue or whether we should be British rather than Royal.
Treatment with medication for patients with psychosis within 2 days during waiting in the accident and emergency department and its correlation with length of in-patient stay: retrospective database study
Authors: Pasha Memon Hannah , Phiphopthatsanee Nacharin , Hampsey Elliot 
Published: November 2024

Background
One of the ‘critical goals’ for psychiatric liaison services is reducing hospitalisation. Psychotropic medication is a treatment for psychosis, although research determining the efficacy of early medication administration is lacking.

Aims
To determine whether commencing psychotropic medication within 2 days of psychiatric liaison input in the accident and emergency (A&E) department is correlated with length of in-patient psychiatric admissions for patients with psychosis.

Method
We gathered data on patients presenting to A&E sites covered by South London and Maudsley (SLaM) National Health Service Trust, who were subsequently admitted to and discharged from SLaM psychiatric in-patient wards with discharge diagnosis of psychosis between 2015 and 2020. The analysis set comprised 228 patients waiting in the A&E department under psychiatric liaison care for ≥2 days, of which 140 were started on medication within those 2 days (group A) and 88 were not (group B). Group A was divided into A1 (patients restarted on previous psychotropic medication taken within 1 week) and A2 (others, including those new to psychotropic medication or with past usage).

Results
Although Kaplan–Meier survival curves with log-rank tests demonstrated no statistically significant difference of in-patient admission duration between groups A and B or groups B1 and B2, further analysis revealed that subgroup A1 had statistically significant shorter admissions than group B (P = 0.05).

Conclusions
Restarting patients with psychosis on medication they were taking within the week before A&E department attendance, within 2 days of arrival at the A&E department, is associated with statistically significant shorter admissions. The limitation is a relatively small sample size.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and symptoms in paediatric cancer survivors and their family nucleus: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Low Chen Ee , Tan Sheryl Yen Pin , Loh Andre , Yu Jingrong , Ong Joel Zuo Er , Loh Caitlin Yuen Ling , Yau Chun En , Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin , Ho Cyrus Su Hui 
Published: November 2024

Background
Various studies have highlighted the increased incidence and symptoms of depression and anxiety in paediatric cancer survivors (PCS). Yet no meta-analysis has focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in PCS and their family nucleus.

Aims
To evaluate the overall risk of PTSD and severity of PTSS in PCS and their family nucleus. Secondary objectives include identifying potential risk factors of PTSD and high PTSS.

Method
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO for studies comparing the risk of PTSD and PTSS severity among PCS, their family nucleus and non-cancer controls. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted.

Results
From 1089 records, we included 21 studies. PCS have an increased risk of PTSD (risk ratio 2.36, 95% CI 1.37–4.06) and decreased PTSS severity (standardised mean difference −0.29, 95% CI −0.50 to −0.08). Subgroup analyses of other categorical study-level characteristics revealed that female PCS who were older at diagnosis and data collection had a significantly higher risk of PTSD. Meta-regression were insignificant. Family nucleus did not show a significantly increased risk of PTSD (risk ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.59–5.00) and PTSS severity (standardised mean difference 0.53, 95% CI −0.00 to 1.06). Systematically reviewing studies on the family nucleus found that the majority reported a significantly increased risk of psychological trauma compared with the comparator. Lower education, income and social status were also risk factors.

Conclusions
Timely identification and interventions are imperative for policy makers and healthcare providers to prevent trauma from worsening in this population group.
Robotic Warehousing Operations: A Learn-Then-Optimize Approach to Large-Scale Neighborhood Search
Authors: Barnhart Cynthia , Jacquillat Alexandre , Schmid Alexandria 
Published: November 2024

The rapid deployment of robotics technologies requires dedicated optimization algorithms to manage large fleets of autonomous agents. This paper supports robotic parts-to-picker operations in warehousing by optimizing order–workstation assignments, item–pod assignments, and the schedule of order fulfillment at workstations. The model maximizes throughput, managing human workload at the workstations and congestion in the facility. We solve it via large-scale neighborhood search with a novel learn-then-optimize approach to subproblem generation. The algorithm relies on an off-line machine learning procedure to predict objective improvements based on subproblem features and an online optimization model to generate a new subproblem at each iteration. In collaboration with Amazon Robotics, we show that our model and algorithm generate much stronger solutions for practical problems than state-of-the-art approaches. In particular, our solution enhances the utilization of robotic fleets by coordinating robotic tasks for human operators to pick multiple items at once and by coordinating robotic routes to avoid congestion in the facility. Funding: This research was partially funded by Amazon.com Services LLC under award number 2D-12552417. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2024.0033 .
The Value of Information Design in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Candogan Ozan , Gurkan Huseyin 
Published: November 2024

This paper studies an information design problem of a retailer in a two-tier supply chain that procures a single type of product from a supplier. The supplier needs to decide on a production quantity by balancing the shortage cost and the excess inventory holding cost with respect to the retailer’s demand. The retailer’s demand is random, but the retailer receives an informative signal about the demand before the supplier sets the production quantity and places orders after learning the demand realization. The retailer wants to reduce the shortage cost, and to this end, the retailer can disclose information about the retailer’s signal to persuade the supplier to increase production levels. For this setup, we characterize the optimal information disclosure policy of the retailer and shed light on settings in which the retailer strictly benefits from carefully designed information disclosure policies relative to a full- or a no-disclosure policy. This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management. Funding: O. Candogan acknowledges the NSF (National Science Foundation) [Grant 2216912] for “Institute for Data, Econometrics, Algorithms and Learning.” Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03004 .
Generation of structural colors with wide gamut based on stretchable transmission metasurfaces
Authors: Jiang Kun , Jiang Xiquan , Wu Rui , Gao Xinpeng , Ding Shuangshuang , Ma Jingwen , Li Zhihao , Teng Shuyun 
Published: November 2024

Structural colors with high saturation, large gamut, high resolution, and tunable color are expected in practical applications. This work explores the generation of tunable structural color based on transmission metasurfaces. The designed metasurfaces consist of rectangular nanoholes etched in silver film, which is deposited on the stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The smaller separation of adjacent nanoholes makes the resolution of metasurface reach 63,500 dpi. The color gamut of the nanostructures reaches 146.9% sRGB. We also perform a comparison with the case on the glass substrate and analyze the incident polarization condition and the coating film of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The ultra-thin structure, high resolution, high-performance structural colors, and convenient transmission mode provide broad application prospects for metasurfaces in color displaying, color printing, and color holographic imaging.
Giardia lamblia risk factors and burden in children with acute gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort
Authors: Gutiérrez Lester , Vielot Nadja A. , Herrera Roberto , Reyes Yaoska , Toval-Ruíz Christian , Blandón Patricia , Rubinstein Rebecca J. , Mora Javier , Bartelt Luther A. , Bucardo Filemón , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Vilchez Samuel 
Published: November 2024

Background
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan estimated to cause ~200 million symptomatic infections annually, mainly in children in low- and middle-income countries associated with intestinal damage, increased permeability, and malabsorption.

Methods and results
We describe here the epidemiology, incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of acute gastroenteritis episodes (AGE) with G. lamblia detection (GAGE) using a birth cohort of 443 Nicaraguan children followed weekly until 36 months of life. From June 2017 to July 2021, 1385 AGE samples were tested by qPCR. G. lamblia was detected in 104 (7.5%) of AGE episodes. In all, 69 (15.6%) children experienced at least one GAGE episode, and 25 of them (36.2%) experienced more than one episode. The incidence rate of the first episode of GAGE was 6.8/100 child-years (95% CI, 4.5–9.1). During GAGE, bloody stools, vomiting, and fever were uncommon, and children were less likely to be treated at a primary care clinic, suggesting that GAGE is typically mild and most cases did not receive medical attention, which could facilitate higher parasite loads with increased possibilities of establishing chronic carriage. GAGE was more common in children 12–24 months of age (13.9/100 child-years [95% CI, 10.7–17.1]) as compared to other age groups. In our birth-cohort, children living in a home with an indoor toilet (aHR, 0.52 [95%CI, 0.29–0.92]), and being breastfed in the first year of life (aHR: 0.10 [95%IC, 0.02, 0.57]) had a lower incidence of GAGE. In contrast, being breastfed for ≤ 6 months was associated with a higher incidence if the children were living in houses without indoor toilets and earthen floors (HR, 7.79 [95% CI, 2.07, 29.3]).

Conclusion
Taken together, GAGE is more frequent under poor household conditions. However, breastfeeding significantly reduces the incidence of GAGE in those children.
Identifying pragmatic solutions to reduce cigarette smoking prevalence in Indigenous North Americans: A sequential exploratory mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Rusk Ann M. , Paul Maggie , Kelleher Dan P. , Tilburt Jon , Northfelt Donald , Rank Matthew , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Capossela Guthrie , Jackson Trudie , Sabaque Corinna , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Ortega Victor E. , Benzo Roberto , Kennedy Cassie 
Published: November 2024

Background
American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking of any race or ethnicity in the United States. Efforts to address smoking prevalence in this population have not historically targeted maintenance of smoking cessation, or behaviors associated with pregnancy. Recent longitudinal cohort studies have identified maintenance of cessation and pregnancy as potential opportunities to address smoking in AI/AN people.

Methods
To promote success in achieving sustained smoking cessation in AI/AN people, we propose a community engaged sequential exploratory mixed-methods study focused on identifying pragmatic elements of cessation interventions. A discovery sample of 45 AI/AN people will be included in the qualitative study in one of two arms consisting of small groups or one-on-one interviews to develop elements of cessation interventions for evaluation in a discrete choice experiment survey. These one-on-one interviews will characterize the key drivers of smoking relapse and unique experiences of smoking during pregnancy. An additional, independent small group will consist of counselors who engage in smoking cessation counseling. A larger-scale survey will be administered to an AI/AN cohort from Olmsted County, Minnesota (n = 898). Elements of successful interventions will be used to inform a smoking cessation intervention pilot study. Community stakeholders have informed the methods outlined in this protocol, and there is a longitudinal engagement plan for the duration of study.

Discussion
We outline the methods to understand optimal strategies to promote sustained cigarette smoking cessation and cessation during pregnancy in AI/AN people. This study is critical to inform a pilot intervention aimed at reducing smoking prevalence in AI/AN people.
Injury epidemiology and emergency department length of stay in trauma hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Hailemichael , Zewdie Ayalew , Getachew Tesfaye , Deressa Wakgari 
Published: November 2024

Background
Injuries are a major cause of health problems in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income nations. This study aimed to describe injuries and identify factors associated with the emergency department (ED) length of stay (LoS).

Methods
This study was conducted at the Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency, and Trauma (AaBET) hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. All injured patients who visited the ED between April 1, 2021, and March 30, 2022, were included in the study. Data were collected through a retrospective medical record review. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data and a multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to assess factors associated with LoS in the ED.

Results
A total of 6991 (86.8%) injured patients were studied out of 8055 patients who visited the ED. The majority of the patients were male, 5184 (74.2%), and aged between 18–44 years, 4368 (62.4%). The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accidents, 2693 (38.5%), followed by falls, 1523 (21.8%). The most commonly reported injured body parts were the head (2179, 31.2%). Of the total injured patients, 101 (1.8%) died. The LoS in the ED was greater than 24 hours for 24.4% (95% CI: 23.3–25.5) of the injured patients, with a mean duration of 2.51 (SD = 5.18) days. Factors significantly associated with a prolonged LoS (>24 hours) in the ED included being residing in outside Addis Ababa in Oromia [AOR: 1.61, 95% CI (1.38–1.88)], Amhara [AOR: 1.56, 95% CI (1.14–2.14)] and other [AOR: 3.93, 95% CI (2.73–5.64)], male [AOR: 1.30, 95% CI (1.09–1.54)], aged 60 years or older [AOR: 1.38, 95% CI (1.03–1.85)]; sustaining injuries from road traffic accident [AOR: 2.43, 95% CI (1.19–4.94)], being triaged to orange [AOR: 3.03, 95% CI (2.40–3.83)] and red zones [AOR:3.37, 95% CI (2.65–4.28)]; having fracture injuries [AOR: 1.95, (1.34–2.83)]; and experiencing contusions and crushing injuries [AOR: 2.63 (1.57–4.42)].

Conclusions
Injuries are the major share of cases among ED patients at AaBET hospital. Patients were staying in the ED for longer than the recommended 24 hours by the Ethiopian health system. Intervention measures focusing on injury prevention are necessary to reduce the patient burden on the hospital and strengthen the hospital’s capacity to reduce prolonged LoS.
Microbiological profile of patients with generalized gingivitis undergoing periodontal therapy and administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Furlaneto Flavia , Levi Yara Loyanne de Almeida Silva , Sávio Débora de Souza Ferreira , da Silveira Izadora Cianfa Firmino , de Oliveira Adriana Miranda , Lourenço Talita Gomes Baêta , Ribeiro Marcella Costa , Silva Pedro Henrique Felix , Salvador Sergio Luiz de Souza , Colombo Ana Paula Vieira , Messora Michel Reis 
Published: November 2024

Objective
To evaluate the adjunctive use of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) to conventional therapy on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with generalized gingivitis.

Methods
Sixty systemically healthy individuals with untreated generalized gingivitis were submitted to periodontal therapy and allocated to receive Placebo (n = 30) or Probiotic (n = 30) lozenges, twice a day for 8 weeks. Bleeding on Marginal Probing (BOMP) was evaluated at baseline, after 2 and 8 weeks. Supra and subgingival biofilm were obtained at baseline and 8 weeks post-therapy for analyses by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differences between therapeutic groups were analyzed by non-parametric tests (p<0.05).

Results
The Placebo and Probiotic groups showed a significant reduction in BOMP at 8 weeks compared to baseline (p<0.05). The Probiotic group had a lower percentage of BOMP when compared with the Placebo group at 8 weeks (p<0.0001). Alpha and beta-diversity showed no statistical significance between groups and time points. At phylum level, no significant differences were observed between groups and time points. At genus level, an increase in the relative abundances of Bergeyella and Corynebacterium were significantly associated with a greater reduction in bleeding in the Placebo group and with less reduction in bleeding in the Probiotic group, respectively. At species level, Schaalia spp., Streptococcus gordonii, and Leptotrichia wadei increased in Placebo and decreased in the Probiotic group after treatment. Granulicatella adiacens decreased significantly after the probiotic therapy, while Saccharibacteria (TM7) spp., Solobacterium moorei, and Catonella morbi increased significantly. In the Placebo group, Bergeyella sp. HMT-322 was associated with a greater percentage of reduction in bleeding. In both groups, Actinomyces species were related to less reduction in bleeding.

Conclusion
The adjuvant use of B. lactis HN019 alongside conventional therapy enhanced the reduction in BOMP and promoted greater changes in the microbiological profile of patients with generalized gingivitis.

Trial registration
The study was registered at Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC; protocol number: RBR-59v2yb).
Estimating the early life exposure to PFAS using PBPK modelling and Human biomarker data
Authors: Ratier Aude , Gestin Ophélia , Vrijheid Martine , Brochot Céline , Zeman Florence 
Published: November 2024

In 2020, EFSA established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw/week for PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS based on a sum value approach.
Our work aims to estimate the exposure of children to these compounds using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approach and to determine the contribution of each exposure source (
in utero, breastfeeding and diet). A PFAS lifetime model was updated to simulate internal PFAS exposures during prenatal and childhood and to include individual characteristics and exposure scenarios. Our approach was applied to the HELIX cohort which contains more than a thousand mother-child pairs from six European countries with measured plasma concentrations of the four PFAS at two sampling times: during pregnancy and in childhood (6 to 10 years).
Our first results show that the model predicted an increase in plasma concentrations during fetal development and childhood up to the age of 2 years, when maximum concentrations are reached. The estimated total daily intakes (DI) of several infants aged of one year exposed to the four PFAS exceed the EFSA threshold, although the average for all children remains below. The highest DI appear to be found in children from France and Norway for PFOS and in France, England and Norway for PFOA.
Furthermore, we observed that similar measured biomarker levels can correspond to large differences in simulated internal exposures, highlighting the importance of studying the child's exposure in early life to refine early life risk assessment.