bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyses of predation behavior of the desert shrew Notiosorex crawfordi
Authors: Camargo Issac , Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio Ticul 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The desert shrew Notiosorex crawfordi is the smallest mammal in the arid and semiarid areas of North America. It displays ecological adaptations that allow it to colonize environments inhospitable for other species in the Order Soricomorpha. Little is known about the natural history of this species; hence, this work reports the characteristics of foraging behavior, prey items, prey size and bite effectiveness on prey items of similar or larger size than these shrews. The behavior in captivity of two individuals of N. crawfordi captured in Baja California Sur was analyzed in glass terrariums, recording the locomotion, posture, food preferences, prey manipulation and bite effectiveness. Preference for prey items collected from the same transects/habitat as the shrews and differing in size and belonging to different groups of Arthropoda was evaluated, revealing a greater preference for scorpions, which were attacked within 1 min of being placed in the terrarium. Observations of foraging behavior of captive desert shrews show that prey items from the different arthropod groups and lizards become paralyzed at the first bite. The behavior displayed by the prey suggested the potential presence of toxins in the saliva of N. crawfordi.
Synthesis and NMR characterization of a spirosilole tetra-anion: a homogeneous four-electron reductant
Authors: Han Zhengang , Bai Lei , Huo Shuhui , Chen Jing , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of highly selective homogeneous electron transfer reagents is highly desirable for synthetic chemistry. An isolable spirosilole tetra-anion described in this paper has been proved to be a promising soluble electron transfer reagent. The reduction of octaphenyl-1,1′-spirobisilole (1) with lithium resulted in the formation of the isolable spirosilole tetra-anion in good yield. The tetra-anion (2) has been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and cleanly underwent electron transfer reactions with dioxygen, carbonyl groups, and transition metal halides to yield reduction products with the regeneration of1.
Photonics of DNA/ruthenium(II) complexes
Authors: Kobayashi Norihisa , Minami Haruki , Nakamura Kazuki 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this review, we describe the investigation of a ruthenium [Ru(II)] complex-based, AC voltage-driven, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) device first. The ECL turn-on response time and intensity were dramatically improved by introducing the AC method. The turn-on response time was speeded up by increasing the applied frequency: 4 ms response time was achieved at 200 Hz, which was much faster than when using the DC method (1.5 s). We also introduced rutile-type titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in a Ru(II) complex-based AC-ECL device. The ECL intensity and the lifetimes of the ECL device with TiO2 NPs were greatly improved compared to those of the device without nanoparticles. Then we tried to improve photoelectrochemical properties of the Ru(II) complex by combining it with DNA molecules. We fabricated a novel DNA/Ru(bpy)3
2+ hybrid film that could immobilize the ECL-active Ru(bpy)3
2+ onto the electrode surface through electrophoretic migration. The hybrid film contained unique micrometer-scale aggregates of Ru(bpy)3
2+ in the DNA matrix. Surprisingly, by using the DNA/Ru(bpy)3
2+ hybrid film for the ECL device, luminescence could be obtained at frequencies as high as 10kHz, which corresponds to a response time shorter than 100μs.
Crystal structure of methyl 4-(3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate — water (2/1), C22H21F6NO3
Authors: Chen Liyan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C22H21F6NO3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 14.849(4) Å, b = 10.497(3) Å, c = 28.694(7) Å, β = 97.682(5)°, V = 4432(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0736, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2405, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-N-(4-bromo-2-(1-(hydroxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)benzamide, C15H13BrN2O2
Authors: Mphahlele Malose J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C15H13BrN2O2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 7.4754(3) Å, b = 17.6666(7) Å, c = 10.9145(4) Å, β = 103.520(1)°, V = 1401.48(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0290, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0713, T = 173(2) K.
Geclusterte Plastizität bei Langzeitpotenzierung: Wie starke Synapsen bestehen bleiben, um Langzeitgedächtnis aufrechtzuerhalten
Authors: Mikhaylova Marina , Kreutz Michael R. 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Gedächtnisspeicherung erfordert, zumindest teilweise, die Langzeitpotenzierung (LTP) in den Synapsen der dendritischen Dornfortsätze aufrechtzuerhalten. Benachbarte Synapsen bilden häufig funktionelle Cluster. Gegenwärtig ist noch unklar, wie sich Cluster entwickeln, warum sie für längere Zeitabschnitte stabil sind, und wie Dornfortsätze innerhalb eines Clusters interagieren. In diesem Review werden wir einen Überblick über gegenwärtige Konzepte der geclusterten Plastizität geben, und wir werden die zellulären sowie die molekularen Mechanismen diskutieren, welche für die Stabilität der Dornfortsätze und die damit verbundenen Funktionen im Kontext mit LTP relevant sein können. Wir werden den Vorschlag machen, dass die Dynamik der initial gebildeten Cluster von der Kompartimentierung der Dendriten abhängt und dass die aktivitätsabhängige Genexpression dazu kommt, um die unterschiedlichen synaptischen Gewichtungen aufrechtzuerhalten. Wir werden diskutieren, wie für das Aufrechterhalten der geclusterten Plastizität eine Interaktion erfolgt zwischen den Mechanismen des synaptischen „Tagging“ (Etikettieren), der Anwesenheit sekretorischer Organellen in den Dendriten und dem Einbau der synaptischen Skalierungsfaktoren, welche durch unmittelbar-aktivierte Gene („immediate early genes, IEG) codiert werden.
Lignin-containing coatings for packaging materials
Authors: Javed Asif , Ullsten Henrik , Rättö Peter , Järnström Lars 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The mechanical properties and chemical stability in water of self-supporting films made from aqueous solutions of starch and lignin, and the barrier properties of paperboard coated with solutions of these polymers have been studied. The dissolution of starch from the starch-lignin films in contact with the model liquids was decreased significantly when lignin was added to the starch films. The addition of ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC) to the formulations as a crosslinking agent substantially increased the storage modulus of the starch-lignin films, which indicated that crosslinking had occurred. The addition of AZC to the formulations also led to a decrease in dissolution of both starch and lignin from the starch-lignin films in contact with model liquids. The effect of AZC on the water stability of the films was greater when the pH of the starch-lignin-AZC solution was adjusted with ammonia rather than NaOH. The addition of NH4Cl solution as a presumed catalyst to the recipe when the pH adjustment was performed with NaOH did not improve the effect of AZC on the water stability of the films. The water vapour transmission rate of the coated paperboard decreased slightly when AZC was added to the coating formulation.
The Shia armed groups and the future of Iraq
Authors: Rached Kardo , Bali Ahmed 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The rising and acceleration of the Shia armed group in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Lebanon require a deep understanding of the root of the multi-dimensional conflicts in the Middle East. An appropriate and sufficient approach to the research about these militias would be from a viewpoint of an internal conflict rather than an external conflict. The legitimization of the existence of the majority of these militias, if not all of them, is the fight and the struggle against an entity which is the Sunni sect, that would assimilate them rather than integrating them peacefully. In this article, we try to identify the impact of the Shia militias in Iraq on the formation of the future of this country. We maintain that these armed groups will be a destabilizing factor for Iraq and its neighbors, and they will worsen and deepen the sectarian division in the Middle East. We assess these different groups from different perspectives, for example, using the Weberian theory that the state is the only entity that has a monopoly of violence; Ariel Ahram’s model of state-sponsored and government-sponsored militias; and finally the devolution of violence to these armed groups.
Despair as Defiance: Kierkegaard’s Definitions in “The Sickness unto Death”
Authors: Hannay Alastair 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
How are we to read and how translate the brief formulae with which ‟The Sickness unto Death” introduces two forms of ‛authentic despair’? In response to Michael Theunissen’s claim that, to conform with the actual drift of Kierkegaard’s thought, the first of the two forms of despair should be given priority, an alternative reading that conforms with the published ordering is defended on the strength of both the text itself and the development of Kierkegaard’s thought up to the time of its writing. The further aim, shared with Theunissen, is to widen the basis for assessing the continuing relevance of Kierkegaard’s analysis of despair.
Pluralism With Syncretism: A Perspective From Latin American Religious Diversity
Authors: Spica Marciano Adilio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to defend a type of pluralistic philosophical theory that addresses the specific characteristics of Latin American religious diversity. In order to do this, I will first try to show how, from a Latin American perspective, the discussion of religious diversity necessarily imposes the concept of syncretism and how this concept can be understood within the debate about diversity. After that, I will defend an understanding of religiosity that takes syncretism as something natural, given the functioning of our systems of practices and beliefs in general. Finally I will defend the advantages of a pluralistic philosophical perspective of religion that considers the phenomenon of syncretism and how it is necessary for an understanding of Latin American religiosity.
Phenomenology and Hermeneutics in Brazilian Religious Studies
Authors: Gross Eduardo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Brazilian Religious Studies have a short history, with prevalence of descriptive and social sciences approaches. Sometimes phenomenology and hermeneutics are perspectives claimed as philosophical guides or as methods to be used, but often obscurities remain among these claims. Critiques against such perspectives have been formulated, but these are not always careful regarding fundamental issues concerning them. With better clarification of phenomenological hermeneutics’ principles, it is possible to offer useful guidance for understanding Religious Studies as an important discipline in Humanities, without unbalanced views of it that favor simply an empiricist point of view.
An overview of conventional and alternative technologies for the production of ultra-low-sulfur fuels
Authors: Sikarwar Prerana , Gosu Vijayalakshmi , Subbaramaiah Verraboina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnvironmental concerns have given a great deal of attention for the production of ultra-low-sulfur fuels. The conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process has high operating cost and also encounters difficulty in removing sulfur compound with steric hindrance. Consequently, various research efforts have been made to overcome the limitation of conventional HDS process and exploring the alternative technologies for deep desulfurization. The alternative processes being explored for the production of ultra-low-sulfur content fuel are adsorptive desulfurization (ADS), biodesulfurization (BDS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), and extractive desulfurization (EDS). The present article provided the comprehensive information on the basic principle, reaction mechanism, workability, advantages, and disadvantages of conventional and alternative technologies. This review article aims to provide valuable insight into the recent advances made in conventional HDS process and alternative techniques. For deep desulfurization of liquid fuels, integration of conventional HDS with an alternative technique is also proposed.
SDG-Specific Country Groups: Subregional Analysis of the Arab Region
Authors: Kunčič Aljaž 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper examines a classification system for grouping the Arab countries together based on characteristics most relevant to sustainable development goals (SDGs). It analyzes SDGs in Arab countries with cluster analysis, identifies the most appropriate decomposition of the region for each of the SDGs separately and describes the characteristics of the unique SDG performance groups. The results show that countries move often from a better to a worse group or vice versa, implying that different and SDG-specific subregional groups should be used for work on each individual SDG. Examining the overlap of cluster memberships by countries through a network perspective further identifies the most tightly knit country groups. The implications of findings are relevant for informative monitoring of SDGs on the subregional level, as well as policy recommendation sharing for and between similar countries, and enhancing peer learning capacity.
Chrysippus’ counterargument against the Master Argument: a reappraisal
Authors: De Vincentis Mauro Nasti 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is widely held that as a nego suppositum, Chrysippus’ response to Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument is that the impossible “this man has died” follows from the possible “Dio has died”. A principal claim of this article is that Chrysippus was not actually committed, against Diodorus, to the tenet that there are deductions and conditionals whereby from the possible the impossible follows. I argue that this is most likely part of a Chrysippean exemplum fictum of a real dialectical discussion and it merely reflects a Chrysippean dialectical strategy, a merely instrumental agreement (συγχώρησις) with Diodorus on the admissibility of some single-premised arguments. As historical evidence for my conjecture I highlight two key passages by Sextus Empiricus which help to understand that Chrysippus’ real tenet was an ancient implicational counterpart of a deictic version of the Identity-Elimination Rule, whereas most likely, according to Diodorus the identitarian major premiss of this rule is redundant, so that it must be eliminated.
Effects of Coriandrum Sativum Extract and Simvastatin in Isopreterenol Induced Heart Failure in Rats
Authors: Siddiqi Aisha , Parveen Adila , Dhyani Neha , Hussain M. Ejaz , Fahim Mohammad 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Heart failure is a syndrome, caused due to structural and functional cardiac abnormalities, characterized by changes in the hemodynamic and neurohumoral mechanisms. It is becoming a major health burden worldwide. More effective therapies are desperately needed. Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), a traditional spice crop has been known to possess many biological and medicinal properties. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective efficacy of C. sativum in rat model of isoproterenol induced heart failure. Heart failure was produced by injecting isoproterenol subcutaneously (85 mg/kg twice at an interval of 24 h). Oral efficacy of seed extract was assessed on hemodynamic profile, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, mRNA and protein expression of endothelin receptors (ETA and ETB) and histopathology. Treatment of heart failure rats with C. sativum orally (1g/kg b.wt) improved the altered hemodynamics, restored the cardiac antioxidant enzymes armory, attenuated oxidative stress, improved lipid profile, lowered atherogenic indices, decreased the levels of ETA and ETB receptor mRNA and protein, and restored the cardiac morphology. In conclusion, our results suggest C. sativum to be a cardioprotective agent in heart failure, possibly by the virtue of its ability to alleviate oxidative stress, improve lipid profile and endothelial dysfunction.
Effects of Scandium Addition on the Structural Stability and Ideal Strengths of Magnesium-Lithium Alloys
Authors: Zhang Meiguang , Yan Haiyan , Wei Qun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The effects of scandium (Sc) solute addition on the structural stability, mechanical strength, and electronic structure of magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) ordered alloy were comprehensively studied by first-principles calculations. Two kinds of MgLi-Sc substitutional alloys (Mg-substituted Mg8−xLi8Scx and Li-substituted Mg8Li8−xScx) hold cubic lattice symmetry and become more stable with the increase in Sc content. The mechanical properties, including single crystal elastic constants, polycrystalline elastic moduli, and elastic anisotropy behaviors, have been systematically studied for two considered MgLi-Sc substitutional alloys. It was found that Mg8Li8−xScx exhibits larger elastic moduli than those of Mg8−xLi8Scx with the same Sc content; however, the derived elastic moduli of two substitutional alloys showed nonlinear variations as a function of Sc addition. Calculated stress–strain curves show an increasing of ideal tensile strengths and critical strains of the MgLi-Sc substitutional alloys along the <110> and <111> directions with Sc addition, indicating that the cubic MgLi-Sc substitutional alloy is mechanically harder and less brittle at higher Sc content. Furthermore, the developments of the electronic structures of two types of the studied alloys with increasing Sc addition were also investigated by the density of states and electronic localization function calculations.
Effect of Varying Self-myofascial Release Duration on Subsequent Athletic Performance
Authors: Phillips Jake , Diggin David , King Deborah L. , Sforzo Gary A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Phillips, J, Diggin, D, King, DL, and Sforzo, GA. Effect of varying self-myofascial release duration on subsequent athletic performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 746–753, 2021—Self-myofascial release (SMR) treatments can enhance joint range-of-motion and restore movement function. The effects of different SMR durations on athletic performance have yet to be examined. Twenty-four volunteers had ankle and knee joint range-of-motion assessed using modified weight-bearing and kneeling lunge (KL) tests. Vertical jump and pro-agility sprint performance were also examined. All tests were conducted before and immediately after 1 (SMR_1) and 5 minutes (SMR_5) of foam rolling, and immediately after a control (CONTR) condition. Results showed KL scores increased after SMR_5 (16.4%; effect size [ES] = 0.85) when compared with SMR_1 (12.5%; ES = 0.58). Weight-bearing lunge scores showed little change after either SMR treatment. The CONTR condition exhibited little effect on joint range-of-motion. Vertical jump performance decreased after SMR_5 (5.1%; ES = 0.26) but changed little after SMR_1 (0.7%; ES = 0.03) and CONTR (1.9%; ES = 0.10) conditions. Pro-agility performance improved slightly after SMR_1 (1.1%) but deteriorated after CONTR (1.2%) and SMR_5 (0.5%). Effect size calculations for changes in pro-agility sprint times were trivial across all conditions (0.06–0.15). Data suggest that extended periods of SMR may be recommended, should improvements in joint range-of-motion be required. If power output is a critical requirement of subsequent exercise/performance tasks, prolonged SMR treatment (i.e., 5 minutes) should be avoided. Practitioners should be cautious when implementing SMR treatments within warm-ups.
The Model of Educational Reconstruction: Students’ Conceptual Knowledge on Solid State Chemistry Domain
Authors: Nursa'adah E. , Liliasari L. , Mudzakir A. , Barke H. D. 
Published: July 2018

Solid state chemistry (SSC) concept is abstract yet makes it difficult for students. Considering students’ and scientist conception in designing a learning sequence, it is important to make scientific knowledge to be comprehensible for students. Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER) was adopted to define learning in order to develop students’ Conceptual Knowledge (CK) of the SSC concept. A sequence of learning activities was designed based on the MER. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of MER in developing students’ CK. One group pre- and post-test experimental design employed in this study. CK on SSC structured essay test consisting of 26 items were developed to measure students’ CK before and after their involvement in learning. Paired sample t-tests were employed and the results showed significant differences in the overall domain-knowledge (p < .001). In detail, students’ CK categorized into complete (C), incomplete (IC), misconception (M), incorrect (I), and no answer (NA). After the intervention, the number of students that answered correctly increased (57,4% complete and 21% incomplete). This study showed that MER was an effective learning design to develop students’ conceptual knowledge of chemistry concepts.
Out-of-Home Care and Subsequent Preterm Delivery: An Intergenerational Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Can , Vinnerljung Bo , Östberg Viveca , Gauffin Karl , Juarez Sol , Cnattingius Sven , Hjern Anders 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:Adverse early-life experience may affect preterm delivery later in life through priming of stress response. We aim to investigate the links between out-of-home care (OHC) experience in childhood, as a proxy of severe adversities, on subsequent risk of preterm delivery.METHODS:A register-based national cohort of all women born in Sweden between 1973 and 1977 (N = 175 821) was crosslinked with information on these women’s subsequent deliveries as recorded in the Swedish medical birth register. During 1986–2012, 343 828 livebirths of these women were identified. The associations between women’s OHC experience and her risk of preterm delivery were analyzed through logistic regression models, adjusting for women’s own preterm birth, intrauterine growth, and childhood socioeconomic situation.RESULTS:Compared with women that never entered OHC, women with OHC experience up to and after age 10 were both associated with increased risks of preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.23 [95% confidence interval 1.08–1.40] and aOR = 1.29 [1.13–1.48], respectively). Women who experienced OHC before or at 10 years of age had increased risk of both spontaneous and medically indicated preterm delivery (aOR = 1.19 [1.03–1.38] and aOR = 1.27 [1.02–1.59], respectively). Women who experienced OHC after age 10 had a more pronounced risk of medically indicated preterm delivery (aOR = 1.76 [1.44–2.16]) than for spontaneous preterm delivery (aOR = 1.08 [0.92–1.27]).CONCLUSIONS:Women who were placed in OHC in childhood had increased risk of preterm delivery independent from their own perinatal history. Stress response, as 1 consequence of early life adversities, may take its toll on women’s reproductive health and their offspring, calling for integrative efforts in preventing early life adversity.
Bending and Vibration Analysis of Curved FG Nanobeams via Nonlocal Timoshenko Model
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Amirhosein , Rahmani Omid 
Published: July 2018

The bending and vibration behavior of a curved FG nanobeam using the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory is analyzed in this paper. It is assumed that the material properties vary through the radius direction. The governing equations were obtained using Hamilton principle based on the nonlocal Timoshenko model of curved beam. An analytical approach for a simply supported boundary condition is conducted to analyze the vibration and bending of curved FG nanobeam. In the both mentioned analysis, the effect of significant parameter such as opening angle, the power law index of FGM, nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio and mode number are studied. The accuracy of the solution is examined by comparing the results obtained with the analytical and numerical results published in the literatures.