bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous metabolic and functional imaging of the brain using SPICE
Authors: Guo Rong , Zhao Yibo , Li Yudu , Li Yao , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTo enable simultaneous high‐resolution mapping of brain function and metabolism.MethodsAn encoding scheme was designed for interleaved acquisition of functional MRI (fMRI) data in echo volume imaging trajectories and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data in echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging trajectories. The scheme eliminates water and lipid suppression and utilizes free induction decay signals to encode both functional and metabolic information with ultrashort TE, short TR, and sparse sampling of ‐space. A subspace‐based image reconstruction method was introduced for processing both the fMRI and MRSI data. The complementary information in the fMRI and MRSI data sets was also utilized to improve image reconstruction in the presence of intrascan head motion, field drift, and tissue susceptibility changes.ResultsIn‐vivo experimental results were obtained from healthy human subjects in resting‐state fMRI/MRSI experiments. In these experiments, the proposed method was able to simultaneously acquire metabolic and functional information from the brain in high resolution. For scans of 6.5 minutes, we achieved 3.0 × 3.0 × 1.8 mm3 spatial resolution for fMRI, 1.9 × 2.5 × 3.0 mm3 nominal spatial resolution for MRSI, and 1.9 × 1.9 × 1.8 mm3 nominal spatial resolution for quantitative susceptibility maps.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneous high‐resolution mapping of brain function and metabolism with improved spatial resolution and synergistic image reconstruction.
Suprascapular neuropathy: A review of 87 cases
Authors: Memon Anza B. , Dymm Braydon , Ahmad Bashiruddin K. , Sripathi Naganand , Schultz Lonni , Chandok Arun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionSuprascapular neuropathy (SSN) is rare, with an estimated prevalence of 4.3% in patients with shoulder pain.MethodsThis retrospective chart review included patients with SSN seen during a 16‐year period. Demographics and clinical information were recorded. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, and standard deviations, were computed for the variables of interest for all patients.ResultsOf 87 patients included in this study, trauma (n = 27) was the most common cause of SSN, followed by neuralgic amyotrophy (n = 21). Fifty‐seven patients had isolated SSN. Others had SSN associated with axillary neuropathy (23 patients), brachial plexopathy (3 patients), and long thoracic, radial, or spinal accessory neuropathy (1 patient each).DiscussionSSN is commonly associated with axillary neuropathy. Trauma remains the most common cause of SSN. Electrodiagnostic findings aid in the initial diagnosis and may indicate the need for close clinical follow‐up based on the severity of the axonal injury.
Nanofibrous poly(ethylene oxide)‐based structures incorporated with multi‐walled carbon nanotube and graphene oxide as all‐solid‐state electrolytes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Banitaba Seyedeh Nooshin , Semnani Dariush , Heydari‐Soureshjani Elahe , Rezaei Behzad , Ensafi Ali Asghar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNanofibrous solid polymer electrolytes were prepared using the electrospinning method. These nanofibres were constructed from poly(ethylene oxide), lithium perchlorate and ethylene carbonate, which were incorporated with multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene oxide (GO). The morphological properties of the as‐prepared electrolytes and the interaction between the components of the composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. X‐ray spectra and differential scanning calorimetry indicated an increase in amorphous regions of the nanofibrous electrolytes on addition of the fillers. However, the crystalline regions were increased on incorporation of fillers into polymeric film electrolytes. The conductivity values of the nanofibrous electrolytes reached 0.048 and 0.057 mS cm−1 when 0.35 wt% MWCNT and 0.21 wt % GO were introduced into the nanofibrous structures, respectively. The capacity and cycling stability of the nanofibrous electrolytes were improved by incorporation of MWCNT filler. Furthermore, stress and elongation modulus were improved at low MWCNT and GO filler contents. Results revealed that the nanofibrous structures could be promising candidates as solvent‐free electrolytes applicable in lithium ion batteries. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ignition of Mechanically Activated Aluminum Powders Doped with Metal Oxides
Authors: Dossi Stefano , Maggi Filippo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUse of mechanical milling to increase micrometric powder reactivity is of interest due to several intrinsic advantages of this technique (e. g. versatility and safety). In this work, 30 μm propulsion‐grade aluminum has been activated with and without metal oxides. The powders so obtained were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, metal content, morphology, and ignition temperature. This last parameter represents a good indicator to rate the reaction properties of powders and the effects of activation parameters on the final product. All the ingredients containing metal oxides feature an enhanced reactivity as a consequence of both additives and modification of particle morphology.
Effect of Temperature on Shock Initiation of RDX‐Based Aluminized Explosives
Authors: Zhao Pin , Chen Lang , Yang Kun , Geng Deshen , Lu Jianying , Wu Junying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn increase in temperature of an explosive will lead shock sensitivity to change, which affects explosive safety. Therefore, a study of the effect of temperature on the shock initiation of explosives is of great significance. We carried out a series of tests on explosive‐driven flyer‐initiating heated RDX‐based aluminized explosives (61 wt % RDX, 30 wt % Al, 9 wt % binder) and the temperature and input shock pressure of the explosives were controlled accurately during the tests. The pressure histories at different depths inside the explosives were measured by using manganin pressure gauges, and the effect of temperature on detonation wave growth was analysed. The ignition and growth reaction model, some parameters of which rely on temperature, was used to simulate the shock‐initiation processes. The relationship between the model parameters and the temperature were obtained from the experimental results. The run distance to detonation as a function of the initial input pressure in a temperature range, the Pop plot, and the reaction degree of the explosives were determined. For the RDX‐based aluminized explosives, binder softening and the increasing sensitivity of RDX are the two main reasons that change the shock sensitivity. For 25 °C–110 °C, the shock sensitivity decreases with an increase in temperature, mainly because of binder softening. However, for 110 °C–170 °C, the shock sensitivity increases with an increase in temperature, which depends on the increasing sensitivity of the RDX.
Structural modeling of protein complexes: Current capabilities and challenges
Authors: Dapkūnas Justas , Olechnovič Kliment , Venclovas Česlovas 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTProteins frequently interact with each other, and the knowledge of structures of the corresponding protein complexes is necessary to understand how they function. Computational methods are increasingly used to provide structural models of protein complexes. Not surprisingly, community‐wide Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP) experiments have recently started monitoring the progress in this research area. We participated in CASP13 with the aim to evaluate our current capabilities in modeling of protein complexes and to gain a better understanding of factors that exert the largest impact on these capabilities. To model protein complexes in CASP13, we applied template‐based modeling, free docking and hybrid techniques that enabled us to generate models of the topmost quality for 27 of 42 multimers. If templates for protein complexes could be identified, we modeled the structures with reasonable accuracy by straightforward homology modeling. If only partial templates were available, it was nevertheless possible to predict the interaction interfaces correctly or to generate acceptable models for protein complexes by combining template‐based modeling with docking. If no templates were available, we used rigid‐body docking with limited success. However, in some free docking models, despite the incorrect subunit orientation and missed interface contacts, the approximate location of protein binding sites was identified correctly. Apparently, our overall performance in docking was limited by the quality of monomer models and by the imperfection of scoring methods. The impact of human intervention on our results in modeling of protein complexes was significant indicating the need for improvements of automatic methods.
A free‐energy landscape for the glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor GLP1R
Authors: Alhadeff Raphael , Warshel Arieh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractG‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most important receptors in human physiology and pathology. They serve as master regulators of numerous key processes and are involved in as well as cause debilitating diseases. Consequently, GPCRs are among the most attractive targets for drug design and pharmaceutical interventions (>30% of drugs on the market). The glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) hormone receptor GLP1R is closely involved in insulin secretion by pancreatic β‐cells and constitutes a major druggable target for the development of anti‐diabetes and obesity agents. GLP1R structure was recently solved, with ligands, allosteric modulators and as part of a complex with its cognate G protein. However, the translation of this structural data into structure/function understanding remains limited. The current study functionally characterizes GLP1R with special emphasis on ligand and cellular partner binding interactions and presents a free‐energy landscape as well as a functional model of the activation cycle of GLP1R. Our results should facilitate a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying GLP1R activation, forming a basis for improved development of targeted therapeutics for diabetes and related disorders.
Electric field amplification of plasmon‐molecule hybrids revealed by first‐principles time dependent density functional theory calculations
Authors: Muhammed Mufasila M. , John Joicy , Mokkath Junais H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing first‐principles quantum mechanical calculations, we investigate the electric field amplification in hybrid nanostructures composed of few‐atom Ni linear chains attached to an organic molecule. We found that the pristine Ni linear chains exhibit localized plasmons and produce nanoscale hotspot regions, acting as a plasmon‐like nanoantenna. We demonstrate that localized plasmons provide massive electric field amplification in the vicinity of the molecule. Besides, we also investigated the active modulation of the optical absorption spectra due to the inclusion of a positive and/or negative electric field in the Hamiltonian. We believe that the results presented in this work are important for the emerging field of cavity induced photo‐catalysis and will aid in the realization of new quantum nano‐optic devices.
Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Integrated Quantum Photonics
Authors: Hepp Stefan , Jetter Michael , Portalupi Simone Luca , Michler Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuantum mechanics promises to have a strong impact on many aspects of research and technology, improving classical analogues via purely quantum effects. A large variety of tasks are currently under investigation, for example, the implementation of quantum computing, sensing, metrology, and communication. From a general perspective, in a similar way as classical computing benefited by the reduction of the device footprint, enabling the realization of highly complex chips, a range of quantum applications will sensibly improve thanks to the successful realization of on‐chip quantum photonics. Conversely to bulky table‐top experiments, it would be very advantageous to transfer all required functionalities on the same quantum photonic chip. The key elements for quantum photonic circuits are on‐demand nonclassical light sources, a versatile photonic logic, the ability to store quantum information, and highly efficient detectors, directly integrated on‐chip. Among several systems capable of the efficient generation of single‐ and indistinguishable photons, quantum dots are rapidly establishing as one of the most appealing candidates. This paper reviews the recent progress in the on‐chip integration of quantum‐dot‐based nonclassical light sources as well as in the development of the main building blocks, either integrated monolithically or hybridly on a compact and scalable platform.
Finite‐horizon fault estimation for time‐varying systems with multiple fading measurements under torus‐event–based protocols
Authors: Ju Yamei , Wei Guoliang , Ding Derui , Liu Shuai 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the issue of the finite‐horizon H∞ fault estimation is dealt with for a class of discrete time‐varying systems subject to randomly occurring faults and multiple fading measurements. The missing phenomena may occur in a random way from different sensors, which is represented by an individual stochastic variable meeting a certain probability distribution. Furthermore, in order to alleviate the communication burden, the torus‐event–based protocols are adopted to schedule the data transmissions only when some significant events occur. Our aim of the presented issue is to estimate the fault such that, with multiple fading measurements via the received information governed by torus‐event–based protocols, the H∞ index is satisfied over a given finite horizon. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the desired time‐varying estimator in terms of the technique of stochastic analysis and the methods of completing squares. The desired estimator gains are calculated by working out two backward recursive Riccati difference equations. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to verify the usefulness of our designed fault estimation approach.
Surface Modification of Polypropylene with Primary Amines by Acrylamide Radiation Grafting and Hofmann's Transposition Reaction
Authors: Rodríguez‐Alba Efraín , Huerta Lázaro , Ortega Alejandra , Burillo Guillermina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) film surface is modified with primary amines by means of gamma radiation to graft acrylamide (AAm) using the pre‐irradiation oxidative method at a dose of 50 kGy, a monomer concentration of 13%, and a temperature of 60 °C for 6 h, followed by Hofmann rearrangement to reduce the primary amide groups of the grafted polymer (PP‐g‐AAm) to obtain vinylamine (VAm) groups (PP‐g‐VAm). The films are characterized using infrared spectroscopy before and after the reduction reaction; the hydrophilicity is studied using the contact angle; the thermal stability of the films are observed using TGA and DSC; and the surface morphology is determined using SEM. The presence of primary amines and the corresponding decrease in C=O and O=C‐NH2 groups due to reduction reaction, are confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the surface primary amines are quantified using a colorimetric method that calculated the amount as 1.9+0.1 nmol/mm2.
Inlaying Ultrathin Bimetallic MOF Nanosheets into 3D Ordered Macroporous Hydroxide for Superior Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Ma Dong‐Dong , Cao Changsheng , Zou Ruqiang , Xu Qiang , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: July 2019

AbstractControllable synthesis of ultrathin metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets and rational design of their nano/microstructures in favor of electrochemical catalysis is critical for their renewable energy applications. Herein, an in situ growth method is proposed to prepare the ultrathin NiFe MOF nanosheets with a thickness of 1.5 nm, which are vertically inlaid into a 3D ordered macroporous structure of NiFe hydroxide. The well‐designed composite delivers an efficient electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotential of 270 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and stable electrolysis as long as 10 h toward the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction, much superior to the state‐of‐the‐art RuO2 electrocatalyst. A comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the excellent performance originates from the desirable combination of the highly exposed active centers in the ultrathin bimetallic MOF nanosheets, effective electron conduction between MOF nanosheets and ordered macroporous hydroxide, and efficient mass transfer across the hierarchically porous hybridization. This study sheds light on the exploration of powerful protocols to gain diverse high‐performance MOF nanosheets and may open a perspective to achieve their efficient electrocatalytic performance.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tissue‐engineering applications
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhou Xiaojun , He Chuanglong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely investigated as a nanocarrier for the delivery of various cargoes in nanomedicine. The application of MSNs in tissue engineering is a relatively newly emerged field that has gained much research interest. In this review, the recent advances in the tissue‐engineering application of MSNs are summarized. The controlled synthesis of MSNs is delineated first in terms of tuning the morphology, pore size of MSNs, and its surface chemistry, as well as biodegradability. Then, the different roles of MSNs in tissue engineering are successively introduced, which mainly comprise the delivery of bioactive factors, the inherent bioactivity of MSNs, stem cells labelling, and the impacts of incorporated MSNs on scaffolds. Furthermore, the recent progress in the applications of MSNs for tissue engineering, particularly bone tissue engineering, is summarized in detail. Finally, the challenges or potential trends for the further applications of MSNs in tissue engineering are also discussed.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Having a look at the Bayes Blind Spot
Authors: Rédei Miklós , Gyenis Zalán 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Bayes Blind Spot of a Bayesian Agent is, by definition, the set of probability measures on a Boolean$$\sigma $$σ-algebra that are absolutely continuous with respect to the background probability measure (prior) of a Bayesian Agent on the algebra and which the Bayesian Agent cannot learn by a single conditionalization no matter what (possibly uncertain) evidence he has about the elements in the Boolean$$\sigma $$σ-algebra. It is shown that if the Boolean algebra is finite, then the Bayes Blind Spot is a very large set: it has the same cardinality as the set of all probability measures (continuum); it has the same measure as the measure of the set of all probability measures (in the natural measure on the set of all probability measures); and is a “fat” (second Baire category) set in topological sense in the set of all probability measures taken with its natural topology. Features of the Bayes Blind Spot are determined from the perspective of repeated Bayesian learning when the Boolean algebra is finite. Open problems about the Bayes Blind Spot are formulated in probability spaces with infinite Boolean$$\sigma $$σ-algebras. The results are discussed from the perspective of Bayesianism.
Integrated process planning and scheduling in networked manufacturing systems for I4.0: a review and framework proposal
Authors: Varela Maria L. R. , Putnik Goran D. , Manupati Vijay K. , Rajyalakshmi Gadhamsetty , Trojanowska Justyna , Machado José 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntegrated process planning and scheduling in networked manufacturing systems plays a crucial role nowadays and in the forthcoming context of Industry 4.0 to enable effective and efficient decisions, and to improve the business market, based on collaboration, along with computer-based distributed manufacturing and management functions. In this paper some insights regarding a literature review carried out about this main subjects analysed are presented and discussed. Moreover, a framework for integrated process planning and scheduling in networked manufacturing systems is proposed and briefly described, along with some main underlying issues, which are further discussed. Thus, the main purpose of this research consists on presenting a proposed methodology, based on the study conducted, to enable to further assist either academia or industry to develop new tools, techniques and approaches for integrated process planning in networked manufacturing environments. The findings and contributions of this research can help in the implementation and improvement in distributed manufacturing environments, to be linked with small and medium enterprises, to further expand their potentialities through well suited integrated process planning and scheduling decision making processes.
A&nbsp;qualitative study on harmonization of postgraduate medical education in Europe: negotiating flexibility is key
Authors: Van der Aa Jessica E. , Scheele Fedde , Goverde Angelique J. , Teunissen Pim W. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction International harmonization of postgraduate medical education is gaining importance in the globalization of medical education. Harmonization is regarded as the establishment of common standards in education, while maintaining regional or local freedom to adapt training to contexts. During the development of a harmonized curriculum, tensions between standardization and contextualization may surface. To allow future harmonization projects to recognize these tensions and deal with them in a timely manner, this study aims to gain insight into tensions that may arise when developing a harmonized curriculum for postgraduate medical education in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Europe.
Methods Focus groups were held with international curriculum developers to discuss challenges that resulted from tensions between standardization and contextualization when developing a harmonized European curriculum for postgraduate medical education in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Data were analyzed through conventional content analysis, using the principles of template analysis.
Results and Discussion Tensions between standardization and contextualization in the development of a harmonized curriculum were apparent in two domains: 1) Varying ideas about what the harmonized curriculum means for the current curriculum and 2) Inconsistencies between educational principles and the reality of training. Additionally, we identified ways of dealing with these tensions, which were characterized as ‘negotiating flexibility’. Tensions between standardization and contextualization surfaced in the development phase of harmonizing a curriculum, partly because it was anticipated that there would be problems when implementing the curriculum.
Cognitive bias in professional hand hygiene and feedback: A national online-survey on overconfidence in Germany
Authors: Bushuven Stefan , Weidenbusch Marc , Mohr Stefan , Delis Achilles , Fischer Martin R. , Juenger Jana , Dettenkofer Markus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo evaluate learning motivation barriers in infection control and feedback competences, we conducted a national online survey in Germany. Among 767 healthcare workers, overconfidence effects could be detected independent from age, gender, profession, education, and hospital-size. The identified effects may impair learning motivation relevant for supervisors and educators in infection control.