bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effect of using PCM in building materials for energy saving: Case study of Sharif Energy Research Institute
Authors: Esbati Saeed , Amooie Mohammad Ali , Sadeghzadeh Milad , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Pourfayaz Fathollah , Ming Tingzhen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to attain an efficient path into the enhancement of the sustainable conservation and management of energy resources in the buildings and residential sections, efforts by all relevant institutions in the area of energy are essential and primitive. Hence, the development of the energy supply model in the building and the provision of fundamental solutions in this area is rudimentary. The key to any program related to this matter is to boost and extend energy efficiency and energy resource management. According to the global statistics and processed data, the residential sector accounts for 34 percent of the total energy consumption in Iran, which is the highest energy consumption compared to all existing sectors; therefore, immeasurable research has been done on optimizing energy usage in the building sector. One of the most efficient energy optimization methods can be achieved by using energy storage materials in the outer walls of the buildings. In this project, a research‐based residential building is considered as a case to investigate for energy optimization. In the first stage, the building is simulated and the energy consumption of the building is measured. Afterward, with actual measurements, real consumption is approximated and compared with the results of the software. After verifying the software data, the insulation is simulated in the software and the outcomes of using this insulator are investigated to reduce energy consumption. Energy storage materials are considered as a type of phase‐change material. These materials have the same characteristics which is having a different melting point and, by capturing and losing heat at design temperatures, they can help maintain energy inside the building that is how they can be considered as an insulator. Within the appropriate software which is Design‐Builder, miscellaneous types of these materials are available with various features. The final results point out that the use of this material saves up to 30% of the heating energy and about 8% in the cooling load of the building.
A novel numerical model of gas transport in multiscale shale gas reservoirs with considering surface diffusion and Langmuir slip conditions
Authors: Huang Ting , Cao Lina , Yuan Chengdong , Chen Peng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiflow mechanisms coexist in shale gas reservoirs (SGRs) due to the abundant nanopores and the organic matter as a medium of gas souring and storage. The gas transport mechanisms in nanopores including bulk gas transfer and adsorption‐gas surface diffusion were already investigated in pore‐scale models, but their effects on actual gas production of multistage fractured horizontal wells in SGRs are not clearly understood, which are crucial for the economic development of unconventional resources. Therefore, a comprehensive apparent permeability (AP) model which couples the surface diffusion of adsorbed gas, slippage flow considering the additional flux generated by surface diffusion based on Langmuir's theory, and Knudsen diffusion is established. The presented model is validated with the experimental data and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulation results. Then, we propose a numerical model which combines multiflow mechanisms in microscale pores and a multistage fractured horizontal well (MSFHW) in macroscale shale gas reservoirs together. The effects of different transport mechanisms on both AP of nanopores and gas production are analyzed thoroughly. The results show that the effect of surface diffusion on the apparent permeability of nanopores is much greater than that on the actual gas production of MSFHW, and the influence of high‐pressure condition must be considered when calculating the surface diffusion coefficient. The presented numerical model has important implications for accurate numerical simulation and efficient development of shale gas reservoirs.
Reconstructing rates and patterns of colluvial soil redistribution in agrarian (hummocky) landscapes
Authors: van der Meij W.M. , Reimann T. , Vornehm V.K. , Temme A.J.A.M. , Wallinga J. , van Beek R. , Sommer M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHumans have triggered or accelerated erosion processes since prehistoric times through agricultural practices. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is widely used to quantify phases and rates of the corresponding landscape change, by measuring the last moment of daylight exposure of sediments. However, natural and anthropogenic mixing processes, such as bioturbation and tillage, complicate the use of OSL as grains of different depositional ages become mixed, and grains become exposed to light even long after the depositional event of interest. Instead, OSL determines the stabilization age, indicating when sediments were buried below the active mixing zone. These stabilization ages can cause systematic underestimation when calculating deposition rates.Our focus is on colluvial deposition in a kettle hole in the Uckermark region, northeastern Germany. We took 32 samples from five locations in the colluvium filling the kettle hole to study both spatial and temporal patterns in colluviation. We combined OSL dating with advanced age modelling to determine the stabilization age of colluvial sediments. These ages were combined with an archaeological reconstruction of historical ploughing depths to derive the levels of the soil surface at the moment of stabilization; the deposition depths, which were then used to calculate unbiased deposition rates.We identified two phases of colluvial deposition. The oldest deposits (~5 ka) were located at the fringe of the kettle hole and accumulated relatively slowly, whereas the youngest deposits (<0.3 ka) rapidly filled the central kettle hole with rates of two orders of magnitude higher. We suggest that the latter phase is related to artificial drainage, facilitating accessibility in the central depression for agricultural practices. Our results show the need for numerical dating techniques that take archaeological and soil‐geomorphological information into account to identify spatiotemporal patterns of landscape change, and to correctly interpret landscape dynamics in anthropogenically influenced hilly landscapes. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of ulipristal acetate for symptomatic uterine fibroids
Authors: Ghonim Mohamed , Magdy Rana , Sabbour Mohamed , Ghonim Mohanad , Nabhan Ashraf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundUterine fibroids cause menorrhagia and adversely affect quality of life. Ulipristal acetate (UPA) can improve fibroid symptoms.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of UPA in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids.Search strategyWe searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINHAL on December 31, 2018, using relevant search terms. Clinical trials registries were searched for ongoing trials and there were no language restrictions.Selection criteriaWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing UPA with placebo/no treatment/any pharmacological intervention for symptomatic uterine fibroids.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently screened trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in included studies. We used risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, plus their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Main resultsWe identified six RCTs (1121 participants). Five studies (882 participants) compared UPA with placebo. UPA significantly achieved amenorrhea (RR 24.54; 95% CI, 10.82–55.64), reduced blood loss, and improved quality of life with insufficient evidence from RCTs for adverse events. There was insufficient evidence for improved outcomes when UPA was compared with leuprolide acetate.ConclusionCompared with placebo, oral UPA significantly induces amenorrhea, reduces heavy menses, and improves quality‐of‐life in women with uterine fibroids.
Prevalence of group B streptococcus anogenital colonization and feasibility of an intrapartum screening and antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in Cameroon, Africa
Authors: Subramaniam Akila , Blanchard Christina T. , Ngek Ekongefeyin S.N. , Mbah Rahel , Welty Edith , Welty Thomas , Dionne‐Odom Jodie , Sander Melissa , Halle‐Ekane Gregory , Tita Alan T.N. ,   the Cameroon Health Initiative
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization prevalence and feasibility of intrapartum GBS screening/antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) in Cameroon, Africa.MethodsProspective cohort in the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services network. Maternity providers collected anogenital swabs from consenting term women in labor for testing by a rapid GBS‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system. Positive tests (GBS+) resulted in initiation of intravenous ampicillin until delivery. Primary outcomes were GBS prevalence and proportion of GBS+ women receiving ampicillin before delivery and more than 4 hours before delivery.ResultsA total of 219 women were enrolled from January 10 to April 27, 2017. GBS prevalence was 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9–16.7) with GBS+ women more likely to reside in urban areas (19.6% vs 9.7%, P=0.004). Of 27 GBS+ women, 19 (70.4%) received ampicillin before delivery and 14 (51.9%) 4 hours or longer before delivery. A median two doses of ampicillin (interquartile range [IQR] 1–5) were given and started at a median of 105 minutes (IQR 90–155) after swab collection and 20 minutes (IQR 10–45) after GBS result. Of the 8 women who did not receive ampicillin, 7 (87.5%) delivered before test results.ConclusionA GBS IAP protocol is feasible in Cameroon and should be evaluated for widespread implementation in Cameroon and other low‐income countries to decrease GBS‐related morbidity.
Guidelines for the management of the social and ethical challenges in brain death during pregnancy
Authors: Čartolovni Anto , Habek Dubravko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to assess the ethical, legal, and social issues of brain death in pregnancy through a literature review, and, based on the review results, to provide ethical and social guidelines. A search of PubMed using MeSH terms was conducted and yielded 844 results for the period from 1979 to 2017. After articles were screened based on the title and abstract content, 45 were found to refer to the existing ethical, social, and legal implications in cases of brain death during pregnancy, and 40 articles were selected as the source for our set of ethical and social guidelines. From the findings of the study, issues referring to the legitimacy and justification of performing a corporeal support procedure have been identified, as have the issues focusing on fetus or mother, and, finally, those relating to the decision‐making process. Given the increasing number of successful births after a diagnosis of brain death during pregnancy, there is justification for an ethical duty to continue prolonged corporeal support, even if there is little likelihood of success, despite the apparent absence of a legal duty, and relying on the international jurisdictional discrepancies in the attribution of legal rights to the fetus.
Dissolved organic N in shallow tropical lakes and reservoirs: Contribution to total dissolved N and relationships with eutrophication
Authors: Boëchat Iola Gonçalves , Paiva‐Magela Aparecida Beatriz das Mercês , Reis Helbert Rocha , Gücker Björn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDissolved organic nitrogen (DON) plays important biogeochemical and ecological roles in aquatic systems. However, little is known about its importance in small tropical lakes and reservoirs. We hypothesized that (a) DON is higher in these systems than dissolved inorganic N (DIN), and that (b) relative contributions of DON and DIN to the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) pool decrease and increase, respectively, with trophic status. To test these hypotheses, we measured DON and DIN in six lakes and two reservoirs at the Atlantic forest‐Cerrado savanna transition in Southeast Brazil, in the rainy and the dry season. With one exception in each season, all oligo‐ and mesotrophic systems had DON:DIN ratios >1. DON:DIN ratios were negatively correlated with total phosphorus (TP). This pattern was due to high DIN, mainly ammonium, in eutrophic and hypertrophic systems. DON:DIN ratios <1 occurred at TP higher than 103 and 104 µg L−1 in the rainy and dry season, respectively. We found a general dominance of DON in near‐natural lentic systems at the Atlantic forest‐Cerrado savanna transition, which was more pronounced than that reported for other regions. Human alterations to the TDN pool may affect biological communities and ecosystem functioning of these systems.
Methadone enhances the effectiveness of 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic therapy for squamous cell carcinoma and glioblastoma in vitro
Authors: Shi Lei , Buchner Alexander , Pohla Heike , Pongratz Thomas , Rühm Adrian , Zimmermann Wolfgang , Gederaas Odrun A. , Zhang Linglin , Wang Xiuli , Stepp Herbert , Sroka Ronald 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough having shown promising clinical outcomes, the effectiveness of 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and glioblastoma remains to be improved. The analgesic drug methadone is able to sensitize various tumors to chemotherapy. In this in vitro study, the influence of methadone to the effectiveness of ALA‐PDT for SCC (FADU) and glioblastoma (A172) was investigated on the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, survival rates, apoptosis, and cell cycle phase, each with or without the presence of methadone. The production of PpIX was increased by methadone in FADU cells while it was decreased in A172 cells. The survival rates of both cell lines treated by ALA‐PDT were significantly reduced by the combination with methadone (P < .05). Methadone also significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and improved the effect of ALA‐PDT on the cell cycle phase arrest in the G0/G1 phase (P < .05). This study demonstrates the potential of methadone to influence the cytotoxic effect of ALA‐PDT for both SCC and glioblastoma cell lines.
Circulating ctDNA methylation quantification of two DNA methyl transferases in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Khatami Fatemeh , Teimoori‐Toolabi Ladan , Heshmat Ramin , Nasiri Shirzad , Saffar Hiva , Mohammadamoli Mahsa , Aghdam Mohammad Haddadi , Larijani Bagher , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of cancer among thyroid malignancies. Tumor‐related methylation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma could represent tumor specific alterations can be considered as good biomarkers in circulating tumor cells. In this study, we studied the methylation status of seven promoter regions of two DNA methyl Transferases (MGMT and DNMT1) genes as the methylated ctDNA in plasma and tissue samples of patients with PTC and goiter patients as noncancerous controls.Methods: Both ctDNA and tissue genomic DNA of 57 PTC and 45 Goiter samples were isolated. After bisulfite modification, the methylation status was studied by Methylation‐Sensitive High Resolution Melting (MS‐HRM) assay technique. Four promoter regions of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and three promoter regions of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) were assessed.Results: From seven candidate promoter regions of two methyltrasferase coding genes, the methylation status of ctDNA within MGMT (a), MGMT (c), MGMT (d), and DNMT1 (b) were meaningfully different between PTC cases and controls. However, the most significant differences were seen in circulating ctDNA MGMT (c) which was hypermethylated in 25 (43.9 %) of patients with PTC vs 2 (4. 4 %) of goiter samples. Between two selected DNA methyl transferase, the methylation of MGMT as the maintenance methyltransferase was significantly higher in PTC cases than goiter controls (P‐value < .001). The resulting areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.78 for MGMT (d) for PTC versus goiter samples that can represent the overall ability of MGMT (d) methylation status to discriminate between PTC and goiter patients.Conclusion: Among seven candidate regions of ctDNA the MGMT (c) and MGMT (d) showed higher sensitivity and specificity for PTC as a suitable candidates as biomarkers of PTC.
Mesenchymal stem cells improve survival in ischemic diabetic random skin flap via increased angiogenesis and VEGF expression
Authors: Chehelcheraghi Farzaneh , Chien Sufan , Bayat Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRandom skin flaps (RSFs) are cutaneous flaps. Despite the negative impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on RSF viability, they are commonly used in diabetic patients. In this study, we have assessed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) treatment on RSF survival, tensiometrical parameters, angiogenesis, and mast cells (MCs) count in an ischemic RSF model in rats with type 1 DM (T1DM). We induced T1DM in 30 Wistar adult male rats. The animals were assigned to three groups of 10 rats per group as follows: group 1 (control); group 2 (placebo), and group 3 (BMMSCs). A 30  ×  80  mm RSF was created in each rat. On day 7, we measured the viable portion of each RSF. A sample was taken for histological and immunohistochemistry studies, fibroblasts, MCs, angiogenesis, collagen bundle density, and the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)+ cells. An additional sample was taken to evaluate the flap's incision strength. Treatment with BMMSCs (17.8  ±  0.37) significantly increased RSF survival compared with the control (13.3  ±  0.35) and placebo (16.1  ±  0.27) groups (one‐way analysis of variance, P  =  .000; least significant difference, P  =  .000, P  =  .002). There was a significant improvement in angiogenesis, as confirmed by stereologic examination. Assessment of VEGF+ cells showed prominent neovascularization in BMMSC‐treated RSFs compared with the control and placebo groups. Subdermal injection of BMMSC significantly increased ischemic RSF survival as a result of stimulated neovascularization in T1DM rats. Treatment of diabetic RSF with BMMSCs showed no beneficial effects in the fibroblast number and biomechanical parameters for the repair of ischemic wounds in the rat model. Treatment with BMMSCs significantly increased collagen bundle density.
The interplay of Klotho with signaling pathway and microRNAs in cancers
Authors: Abolghasemi Maryam , Yousefi Tooba , Maniati Mahmood , Qujeq Durdi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKlotho (KL) gene has been accepted as an "aging suppressor" gene that encodes a single transmembrane protein in human known as Klotho which is commonly expressed in renal tubes. The interruption in the secretion of Klotho protein expedites aging whereas its high expression extends lifespan. The family of Klotho proteins has been reported to act as distinct receptors for endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which manage multifarious metabolic processes. Further, the secreted Klotho is a hormonal factor that takes part in the ion channel organization. Numerous studies determined that this protein affects the function of a number of important signaling pathways, which may present an impact in tumorigenesis via the coordination of receptors located on them. This review article focuses on the effects of microRNAs on the performance of Klotho and how the interplay between Klotho and certain pathways like insulin‐like growth factor, FGF, Wnt, and transforming growth factor β contribute to the biogenesis of cancer. The present study is also pointed at defining the molecular mechanisms of these interactions.
Advances and potential application of gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine
Authors: Lopes Talíria Silva , Alves Gutemberg Gomes , Pereira Mariana Rodrigues , Granjeiro Jose Mauro , Leite Paulo Emílio Corrêa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanomedicine is an emerging research area which has brought new possibilities and promising applications in image, diagnosis, and treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs) for medicinal purposes can be made of several material types such as silica, carbon, different polymers, and metals as silver, copper, titanium, and gold. Gold NPs (AuNPs) are the most studied and used, mostly due to their characteristics including simple preparation, controllable size and distribution, biocompatibility, good acceptance of surface modifications, and specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This study reviews the scientific literature regarding the potential applications of AuNPs in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for nanomedicine, including their biomedical use as a drug carrier, as an agent in radio and phototherapy, and bioimaging for image diagnosis. While it becomes clear that much research remains to be done to improve the use of these nanoparticles, with particular concern for safety issues, the evidence from the literature already points to the great potential of AuNPs in nanomedicine.
Identification of reciprocal microRNA‐mRNA pairs associated with metastatic potential disparities in human prostate cancer cells and signaling pathway analysis
Authors: Ma Hui , Wang Li‐Yong , Yang Rong‐Hui , Zhou Ying , Zhou Ping , Kong Lu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe major cause of mortality for prostate cancer (PCa) is metastasis; however, the metastatic mechanism remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) alter the expression patterns of essential genes through posttranscriptional regulation during cancer development. The study was mainly aimed at identifying specific miRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions and signaling pathways associated with PCa distant metastasis. New analytical approaches were applied, combining miRNA and gene expression microarray, to screen differentially expressed miRNA‐mRNA pairs in the normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE‐1, the highly‐metastatic human PCa cell line PC‐3M‐1E8 (H‐1E8 or 1E8) and the lowly metastatic cell line PC‐3M‐2B4 (L‐2B4 or 2B4). Eight differentially expressed candidate miRNAs and their targets closely related to PCa metastasis were identified and validated in patients by using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Among them, overexpression of hsa‐miR‐92b‐3p and hsa‐let‐7a‐5p and underexpression of their targets, such as glutathione‐S‐transferase M3 (GSTM3), baculoviral IAP repeat‐containing 3, and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A), were also validated in H‐1E8 cells compared with L‐2B4 cells. Bioinformatics suggested that hsa‐miR‐92b‐3p and hsa‐let‐7a‐5p and their targets might promote PCa metastasis through platinum‐based drug resistance and the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway. H‐1E8 and L‐2B4 cells treated by cisplatin showed the greatly decreased levels of hsa‐miR‐92b‐3p and hsa‐let‐7a‐5p; however, in contrast to 2B4 cells, 1E8 cells did not negatively regulate the increase in the expression levels of the targets GSTM3 and CDKN1A. This finding suggests that the dysregulation between hsa‐let‐7a‐5p/CDKN1A and hsa‐miR‐92b‐3p/GSTM3 pairs is associated with platinum‐based chemoresistance of metastatic cancer cells.