bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Secreted in Xylem (SIX) genes in two fusarium wilt pathogens of ornamental palms
Authors: Ponukumati S. V. , Elliott M. L. , Des Jardin E. A. 
Published: September 2019

Fusarium oxysporum ff. sp. canariensis (Foc) and palmarum (Fop) cause lethal fusarium wilt on ornamental palms. Foc infects Phoenix canariensis and has a worldwide presence, whereas Fop primarily infects Washingtonia robusta and Syagrus romanzoffiana and is currently primarily restricted to Florida (USA). A Secreted in Xylem (SIX) gene profile was obtained for Fop and Foc isolates from the USA. SIX1, SIX7, SIX10 and SIX12 were detected in most Foc isolates and, with the exception of SIX12, with minimal sequence polymorphism. SIX8 and SIX9 were detected in all Fop isolates, with no sequence polymorphism. SIX10 was also present in seven of the Fop isolates. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using EF-1α‐, SIX1, SIX7 and SIX10 gene sequences from this study and previously derived sequences from Foc isolates obtained in Australia, the Canary Islands and Japan. The topology of the housekeeping EF‐1α gene indicated Foc is polyphyletic, with the Australian isolates separating into a distinct group from all other Foc isolates. However, the topologies of SIX1, SIX7 and SIX10 phylogenetic trees for Foc indicate monophyly. As has been proposed previously, this suggests the core genome of Foc evolved into a separate lineage after the SIX genes were conserved within the whole genome. This study is the first to generate SIX12 sequences for Foc. Interestingly, the topology of the SIX12 phylogenetic tree suggests polyphyly. For Fop, the topologies of the EF‐1α, SIX8 and SIX9 phylogenetic trees support monophyly. The distinct SIX gene profile and EF‐1α sequence of Fop demonstrates an independent evolutionary origin from Foc.
Fitness cost but no selection for virulence in Meloidogyne incognita after two consecutive crops of eggplant grafted onto Solanum torvum
Authors: García‐Mendívil H. A. , Sorribas F. J. 
Published: September 2019

The eggplant Solanum melongena cv. Cristal, either ungrafted or grafted onto the Solanum torvum rootstock cv. Brutus, was cultivated for two consecutive years in the same plots in a plastic greenhouse to assess the level of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and crop yield. At the end of the second crop, the putative selection for virulence of the nematode subpopulations coming from infected ungrafted and grafted eggplant was assessed in the eggplant and in S. torvum in a pot experiment. Nematode population densities at transplantation in 2017 ranged from 2 to 378 per 100 cm3 of soil and did not differ between ungrafted and grafted eggplant. At the end of each crop, a higher galling index and number of nematodes in soil and in roots was registered in ungrafted compared to grafted eggplant. The grafted eggplant was categorized as resistant in 2017 and as highly resistant in 2018. Eggplant yield did not differ irrespective of grafting in 2017 after being cultivated for 135 days, but it differed after 251 days of cultivation in 2018. In the pot experiment, S. torvum was categorized as resistant to both M. incognita subpopulations. However, the M. incognita subpopulation obtained from roots of S. torvum produced 49.4% fewer egg masses and 56% fewer eggs per plant in the eggplant than the nematode subpopulation obtained from roots of the eggplant cv. Cristal. The results of this study revealed that the infective and reproductive fitness of the nematode decreased without having been selected for virulence.
Experiences of suffering among elderly hip‐fracture patients during the preoperative period: patients’ and nurse's perspective
Authors: Hestdal Tove , Skorpen Frode 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundIn Norway, 6000 patients were operated on due to hip fracture in 2016. Hip fracture results in increased suffering and often in a dramatic change in an older person's life. The experience of suffering in patients with hip fracture, or nursing staff's perception of it in the preoperative period, is sparsely studied. The perspective of the study was based on caring sciences.AimThe aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of subjective experiences of suffering among elderly hip‐fracture patients during the preoperative period, seen from the patients’ and nurses’ perspective.Methodological approachA Q‐methodological approach was used. Forty statements (Q‐sample), based on interviews and theory, were ranked in a forced‐choice distribution curve from ‘mostly agree’ to ‘mostly disagree’, followed by postinterviews. Nine patients and five nurses participated. A by‐person factor analysis in the form of principal component analysis with varimax and hand rotation was conducted.ResultsThree factors, also called viewpoints, emerged as follows: (i) ‘Feeling safe through presence, trust and hope’; (ii) ‘Feeling safe occurs when the patient is seen, met and informed’; and (iii) ‘Feeling alone and angry at oneself’. A polarisation between participants occurred, since the youngest patients (median age 73), the oldest patients (median age 90) and the nurses were represented in each specific factor.ConclusionThere exist differences between how the nursing staff, the youngest and the oldest elderly patients experienced the preoperative period and what can enhance or alleviate their suffering. Where the youngest elderly communicated safety through trust and relatives’ presence, the oldest elderly communicated insecurity in relation to staff and experienced severe pain and loneliness. Nursing staff and one patient emphasised the importance of seeing the patient in the first meeting to establish a feeling of security.
A General Damage Accumulation Model for Multiaxial, Proportional High Cycle Fatigue Loadings With Sines, Crossland and Dang Van Criteria
Authors: Ghazavizadeh Akbar , Meraghni Fodil , Peltier Laurent , Bourgeois Nadine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a key differential equation is proposed to formulate fatigue damage evolution in metallic alloys under multiaxial, multiblock, proportional loadings in high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes. This differential equation possesses two main components: one is a stress function to accommodate the adopted fatigue criterion and the other one is a characteristic damage function that serves to capture the HCF response of alloys. Two distinct characteristic damage functions with three different multiaxial fatigue criteria, namely Sines, Crossland, and Dang Van criteria, are examined to develop six (out of many possible) variants of the presented damage accumulation model. As a validation measure, Chaboche’s HCF damage model is retrieved as a specific case of the developed formalism. For model parameters identification, an ad hoc two-level identification scheme is designed and numerically verified. It is demonstrated that endurance limit, which is determined from fully reversed HCF tests (i.e., R = −1), can be identified from fatigue tests with positive stress ratio (R > 0), thus making our development quite suitable for specimens prone to buckling under compression. Another salient feature of the devised identification scheme is its capability in extracting model parameters from noisy data.
The Influence of X-Ray Computed Tomography Acquisition Parameters on Image Quality and Probability of Detection of Additive Manufacturing Defects
Authors: Kim Felix H. , Pintar Adam L. , Moylan Shawn P. , Garboczi Edward J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractX-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a promising nondestructive evaluation technique for additive manufacturing (AM) parts with complex shapes. Industrial XCT scanning is a relatively new development, and XCT has several acquisition parameters that a user can change for a scan whose effects are not fully understood. An artifact incorporating simulated defects of different sizes was produced using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM. The influence of six XCT acquisition parameters was investigated experimentally based on a fractional factorial designed experiment. Twenty experimental runs were performed. The noise level of the XCT images was affected by the acquisition parameters, and the importance of the acquisition parameters was ranked. The measurement results were further analyzed to understand the probability of detection (POD) of the simulated defects. The POD determination process is detailed, including estimation of the POD confidence limit curve using a bootstrap method. The results are interpreted in the context of the AM process and XCT acquisition parameters.
Chatter Stability of Micro-Milling by Considering the Centrifugal Force and Gyroscopic Effect of the Spindle
Authors: Lu Xiaohong , Jia Zhenyuan , Liu Shengqian , Yang Kun , Feng Yixuan , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the micro-milling process, the minimization of tool chatter is critical for good surface finish quality. The analysis of chatter requires an understanding of the milling tool as well as the dynamics of milling system structure. Frequency response function (FRF) at the micro-milling tool point reflects dynamic behavior of the whole micro-milling machine–spindle–tool system. However, the tool point FRF of micro-milling cannot be obtained directly through the hammering test. To solve the problem, the authors get the FRF of the spindle system based on the rotating Timoshenko beam theory and the receptance coupling substructure analysis (RCSA), and the bearing characteristics are added into the spindle model through structural modification. Then, the centrifugal force and gyroscopic effect caused by the high-speed rotation of the micro-milling spindle are considered to better simulate the real scenario and increase the accuracy of modal parameters. The method has general usage and can be applied to all the micro-milling tools under which only the spindle dimension, bearing characteristics, and contact parameters need to be changed.
Quantitative Modeling and Analysis of Reliance in Physical Human–Machine Coordination
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Lematta Glenn J. , Hsiung Chi-Ping , Rahm Kyleigh A. , Chiou Erin K. , Zhang Wenlong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Smooth and efficient human–machine coordination in joint physical tasks may be realized through greater sensing and prediction of a human partner's intention to apply force to an object. In this paper, we define compliance and reliance in the context of physical human–machine coordination (pHMC) to characterize human responses in a joint object transport task. We apply an optimization framework to explain human intention and behavior. The weighting factor in the optimization problem, lambda (λ), is presented as a person's reliance on the machine in a joint physical task with varying constraints. We demonstrate that with an estimated λ, the intended two-dimensional motion of a person's trajectory can be captured. We also found a relationship between λ and trust while participants performed a familiar task with no distraction. This finding suggests a relationship between the psychological construct of trust and joint physical coordination. The extent to which λ may serve as an online measure of trust and reliance in a physical load sharing task requires further investigation under more complex task scenarios that involve greater degrees of vulnerability and uncertainty.
Nebulised hypertonic saline in moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Jaquet-Pilloud Raphaelle , Verga Marie-Elise , Russo Michel , Gehri Mario , Pauchard Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate whether nebulised hypertonic saline (HS) treatment would decrease length of hospital stay (LOS) among infants with moderate-to severe-bronchiolitis compared with standard supportive care (SC).MethodsWe conducted an open, multicentre, randomised clinical trial from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2016, in Swiss children’s hospitals. Patients aged 6 weeks to 24 months with a primary diagnosis of moderate or severe bronchiolitis were included. Children with previous episodes of wheezing, cardiac disease, chronic respiratory disease, immunodeficiency, prematurity (gestational age <34 weeks), corticotherapy in the preceding 2 weeks or inhaled bronchodilators within 24 hours before presentation were excluded. Patients were randomised to receive standard SC with nebulisation of 4 mL of 3% sodium chloride every 6 hours versus SSC. Main outcomes and measures were LOS duration of oxygen therapy, transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), readmission within 7 days following discharge and adverse events.Results121 children were randomised. No statistically significant differences were found between treatment groups at baseline (age, Wang Score, atopic history, smoking exposure). Children in the HS group had a non-significant difference in length of stay −2.8 hours (−10; 16) compared with the SC group. There were no differences in oxygen therapy duration, transfer to ICU, readmission rate or adverse events. The intervention was discontinued at the parents’ request in 16% of the cases.ConclusionOur study does not support the use of HS nebulisation in children with moderate to severe bronchiolitis.Trial registration numberNCT01812525.
Characterisation of human orbital fibroblasts cultivated from intraconal, nasal and central adipose tissues
Authors: Kim Jin A , Ahn Donghyuck , Kim Bo-Yeon , Choi Yeon Jeong , Shin Hyun Jung , Jang Sun Young 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo investigate the characteristics of human orbital fibroblasts (OFs) cultivated from intraconal, nasal and central adipose tissues.MethodsIntraconal adipose tissues were obtained during orbital decompression surgery for severe proptosis in nine patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). Nasal and central adipose tissues were obtained during upper eyelid blepharoplasty in nine patients with no history of GO. Human OFs were separately cultured from GO intraconal, non-GO nasal, non-GO central orbital adipose deposits. Human dermal fibroblasts were also cultured from redundant resected skin tissue obtained during upper eyelid blepharoplasty in normal controls. Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors were investigated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Protein levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced inflammatory cytokines and generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined.ResultsIGF-1 and TSH receptor RNA expressions of GO intraconal OFs and non-GO nasal OFs were higher than non-GO central OFs and dermal fibroblasts. The expression of IL-1β induced the IL-6, IL-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 of GO intraconal OFs, and non-GO nasal OFs were higher than non-GO central OFs and dermal fibroblasts. Intracellular ROS generation in GO intraconal OFs and non-GO nasal OFs were higher than in non-GO central OFs and dermal fibroblasts, although the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsNon-GO nasal OFs had similar characteristics to GO intraconal OFs. We recommend the use of nasal adipose tissue in order to culture OFs as a normal control involving in vitro experiments.
Lamina cribrosa pore movement during acute intraocular pressure rise
Authors: Wang Ya Xing , Zhang Qi , Yang Hongli , Chen Jian Dong , Wang Ningli , Jonas Jost B 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo assess changes in the position of lamina cribrosa pores (LCPs) induced by acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation.MethodsA prospective observational study. Acute angle-closure suspects who underwent the 2-hour dark room prone provocative test (DRPPT) were included. At baseline and within 5 min after the DRPPT end, tonometry, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography were performed. Optic disc photos taken before and after the DRPPT were aligned and moving distance of each visible LCP was measured (LCPMD).Results38 eyes from 27 participants (age: 52.5±10.8 years) were included. The IOP rose from 16.7±3.2 mm Hg at baseline to 23.9±4.3 mm Hg at the DRPPT end. The mean lateral LCPMD was 28.1±14.6 µm (range: 5.0–77.2 µm), which increased with higher IOP rise (p=0.01) and deeper optic cup (p=0.02) in multivariate analysis. The intralamina range and SD of the LCPMD increased with younger age (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively) and with wider optic cup (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively). The LCP movements were headed to the superior direction in 12 (33%) eyes, inferior direction in 10 (28%) eyes, temporal direction in 9 (25%) eyes, and nasal direction in 5 (14%) eyes.ConclusionsIOP rise is associated with LCP movements in the frontal plane, which are more pronounced with higher IOP rise and deeper optic cup. The intralamina variability in the IOP rise-associated LCPMD increased with younger age and wider optic cup. IOP variation-associated lateral LCP movements may be of interest to elucidate glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment; and cataract surgical services in Katsina state of Nigeria
Authors: Taryam Manal Omran , Rabiu Muhammad M , Muhammad Nasiru , Oladigbolu Kehinde , Abdurrahman Halima 
Published: September 2019

AimTo generate data on blindness and visual impairment for planning and monitoring a comprehensive eye care programme in Katsina state of Nigeria.MethodA rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey methodology was used to select 3120 persons aged 50 years and over. The sample was selected using a multistage cluster randomised sampling. Each participant had visual acuity and lens assessment. Persons with vision less than 6/12 in any eye were assessed for the cause of visual impairment. Persons with cataract were asked why they had not had surgery. Data were captured electronically with the mRAAB Android-based software and analysed with STATA V.14 software.ResultsA response rate of 90.1% was achieved. The age-sex adjusted blindness prevalence was 5.3% (95% CI 5.2% to 5.3%). Women were 30% more likely to be blind (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.3). The principal causes of blindness were cataract (70%), other posterior segment (12%) and glaucoma (7%); 86.7% of blindness was avoidable. The prevalence of cataract blindness is 2.6% (95% CI 2.5% to 2.6%) with higher odds in women (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.3, p<0.005). The cataract surgical coverage <6/60 for persons was 28.2% and women were 45% less likely to have had cataract surgery (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.78, p<0.005). The major barriers to cataract surgery are lack of felt need and the cost of services.ConclusionKatsina state of Nigeria has high burden of avoidable blindness affecting more women. The state eye care programme should have cataract services that are more accessible, affordable and gender sensitive.
Risk of diabetes associated with fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway is independent of insulin sensitivity and response: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
Authors: Qureshi Waqas , Santaren Ingrid D , Hanley Anthony J , Watkins Steven M , Lorenzo Carlos , Wagenknecht Lynne E 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway, specifically myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0),cis-palmitoleic acid (c16:1 n-7),cis-myristoleic acid (c14:1n5), stearic acid (18:0) andcis-oleic acid (c18:1 n-9), with 5-year risk of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that DNL fatty acids are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes independent of insulin sensitivity.Research design and methodsWe evaluated 719 (mean age 55.1±8.5 years, 44.2% men, 42.3% Caucasians) participants from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Multivariable logistic regression models with and without adjustment of insulin sensitivity were used to assess prospective associations of DNL fatty acids with incident type 2 diabetes.ResultsType 2 diabetes incidence was 20.3% over 5 years. In multivariable regression models, palmitic, palmitoleic, myristic, myristoleic and oleic acids were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (p<0.05). Palmitic acid had the strongest association (OR per standard unit of palmitic acid 1.46; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.76; p<0.001), which remained similar with addition of insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response (AIR) to the model (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.70, p=0.01). Oleic and palmitoleic acids were also independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes. In multivariable models, ratios of fatty acids corresponding to stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 and Elovl6 enzymatic activity were significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes independent of insulin sensitivity and AIR.ConclusionsWe observed associations of DNL fatty acids with type 2 diabetes incidence independent of insulin sensitivity.
Quality appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for diabetes mellitus published in China between 2007 and 2017 using the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Gao Yuting , Wang Jinjing , Luo Xufei , Song Xiaoyang , Liu Lian , Ke Lixin , Liao Zhihong , Wang Dongke , Mu Yiming , Chen Yaolong , Estill Janne Anton Markus 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the quality of the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for diabetes mellitus published in China over the period of January 2007 to April 2017.MethodsWe searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature database, VIP database and WanFang databases and guideline websites for CPGs for diabetes mellitus published between January 2007 and April 2017 in China. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted data. We used the the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool (Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Canada) to evaluate the quality of the included guidelines, calculated the scores of each domain and evaluated the consistency among the assessors via use of the intragroup correlation coefficient. And then we compared the results with Chinese CPGs and international CPGs. We conducted a subgroup analysis based on different classification criteria and compared scores of each domain subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 98 guidelines were identified. The correlation coefficient within the group was 0.93, suggesting that the consistency between the evaluators was good. The scores of the six domains of AGREE II were described in median (IQR) as follows: scope and purpose 53.7 (50.0–59.7), stakeholder involvement 31.5 (27.3–37.0), rigour of development 19.1 (15.3–22.2), clarity of presentation 59.3 (50.0–64.8), applicability 18.1 (13.9–25.7) and editorial independence 0.0 (0.0–0.0). The mean score in each domain of quality of Chinese diabetes CPGs was lower than that of CPGs published worldwide but higher than the mean score of Chinese guidelines of all topics. A funding source, the updated version, organisation and publishers of the guidelines and target fields are all the factors influencing the quality of CPGs to a certain degree.ConclusionsA large number of Chinese diabetes CPGs have been produced. Their quality remain unsatisfactorily low compared with CPGs worldwide, there is still room for improvement. Chinese guideline developers should pay more attention to the transparency of methodology, and use the AGREE II instrument to develop and report guidelines.