bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathway-structured predictive modeling for multi-level drug response in multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Li Bingzong , Han Huiying , Song Sha , Xu Hongxia , Yi Zixuan , Hong Yating , Zhuang Wenzhuo , Yi Nengjun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Molecular analyses suggest that myeloma is composed of distinct sub-types that have different molecular pathologies and various response rates to certain treatments. Drug responses in multiple myeloma (MM) are usually recorded as a multi-level ordinal outcome. One of the goals of drug response studies is to predict which response category any patients belong to with high probability based on their clinical and molecular features. However, as most of genes have small effects, gene-based models may provide limited predictive accuracy. In that case, methods for predicting multi-level ordinal drug responses by incorporating biological pathways are desired but have not been developed yet.

Results
We propose a pathway-structured method for predicting multi-level ordinal responses using a two-stage approach. We first develop hierarchical ordinal logistic models and an efficient quasi-Newton algorithm for jointly analyzing numerous correlated variables. Our two-stage approach first obtains the linear predictor (called the pathway score) for each pathway by fitting all predictors within each pathway using the hierarchical ordinal logistic approach, and then combines the pathway scores as new predictors to build a predictive model. We applied the proposed method to two publicly available datasets for predicting multi-level ordinal drug responses in MM using large-scale gene expression data and pathway information. Our results show that our approach not only significantly improved the predictive performance compared with the corresponding gene-based model but also allowed us to identify biologically relevant pathways.

Availability and implementation
The proposed approach has been implemented in our R package BhGLM, which is freely available from the public GitHub repository https://github.com/abbyyan3/BhGLM.
Temporally dependent accelerated failure time model for capturing the impact of events that alter survival in disease mapping
Authors: Carroll Rachel , Lawson Andrew B , Zhao Shanshan 
Published: May 2018

Summary
The introduction of spatial and temporal frailty parameters in survival models furnishes a way to represent unmeasured confounding in the outcome of interest. Using a Bayesian accelerated failure time model, we are able to flexibly explore a wide range of spatial and temporal options for structuring frailties as well as examine the benefits of using these different structures in certain settings. A setting of particular interest for this work involved using temporal frailties to capture the impact of events of interest on breast cancer survival. Our results suggest that it is important to include these temporal frailties when there is a true temporal structure to the outcome and including them when a true temporal structure is absent does not sacrifice model fit. Additionally, the frailties are able to correctly recover the truth imposed on simulated data without affecting the fixed effect estimates. In the case study involving Louisiana breast cancer-specific mortality, the temporal frailty played an important role in representing the unmeasured confounding related to improvements in knowledge, education, and disease screenings as well as the impacts of Hurricane Katrina and the passing of the Affordable Care Act. In conclusion, the incorporation of temporal, in addition to spatial, frailties in survival analysis can lead to better fitting models and improved inference by representing both spatially and temporally varying unmeasured risk factors and confounding that could impact survival. Specifically, we successfully estimated changes in survival around the time of events of interest.
The origin of filamentary star forming clouds in magnetized galaxies
Authors: Körtgen Bastian , Banerjee Robi , Pudritz Ralph E , Schmidt Wolfram 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Observations show that galaxies and their interstellar media are pervaded by strong magnetic fields with energies in the diffuse component being at least comparable to the thermal and even as large or larger than the turbulent energy. Such strong magnetic fields prevent the formation of stars because patches of the interstellar medium are magnetically subcritical. Here we present the results from global numerical simulations of strongly magnetized and self-gravitating galactic discs, which show that the buoyancy of the magnetic field due to the Parker instability leads at first to the formation of giant filamentary regions. These filamentary structures become gravitationally unstable and fragment into ${\sim }10^5 \,\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ clouds that attract kpc long coherent filamentary flows that build them into giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Our results thus provide a solution to the long-standing problem of how the transition from sub- to supercritical regions in the interstellar medium proceeds.
Epistemic Closure in Folk Epistemology
Authors: Beebe James R. , Monaghan Jake 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This chapter reports the results of four empirical studies that investigate the extent to which an epistemic closure principle for knowledge is reflected in folk epistemology. Previous work by Turri (2015a) suggested our shared epistemic practices may only include a closure principle that applies to perceptual beliefs but not to inferential beliefs. The chapter argues that the results of these studies provide reason for thinking individuals are making a performance error when their knowledge attributions and denials conflict with the closure principle. When the chapter authors used research materials that overcome proposed difficulties with Turri’s original materials, they found that participants did not reject closure. Furthermore, when they presented Turri’s original materials to non-philosophers with expertise in deductive reasoning, they endorsed closure for both perceptual and inferential beliefs. These results suggest that an unrestricted closure principle provides a better model of folk patterns of knowledge attribution than a source-relative one.
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: van Driel Willemien J. , Koole Simone N. , Sikorska Karolina , Schagen van Leeuwen Jules H. , Schreuder Henk W. R. , Hermans Ralph H. M. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , van der Velden Jacobus , Arts Henriëtte J. , Massuger Leon F. A. G. , Aalbers Arend G. J. , Verwaal Victor J. , Kieffer Jacobien M. , van de Vijver Koen K. , van Tinteren Harm , Aaronson Neil K. , Sonke Gabe S. 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;378:230–240)
The majority of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) receive an initial diagnosis of advanced disease that has spread from the ovaries to the peritoneal surface. The most effective treatment for patients with advanced disease is cytoreductive surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy.
Associations Between Childbirth and Urinary Incontinence After Midurethral Sling Surgery
Authors: Bergman Ida , Söderberg Marie Westergren , Lundqvist Andrea , Ek Marion 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2018;131:297–303)
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder in women. Its highest prevalence in women is between 25 and 49 years of age.
Has Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Impacted Termination of Pregnancy and Live Birth Rates of Infants With Down Syndrome?
Authors: Hill Melissa , Barrett Angela , Choolani Mahesh , Lewis Celine , Fisher Jane , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2017;37:1281–1290)
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for aneuploidy using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become widely available and popular for detection of Down syndrome (DS) because of its high sensitivity (99%) and specificity (99.5%). The acceptance of NIPT as an alternative to the first-trimester combined test has greatly reduced the use of invasive prenatal diagnostic testing.
Gonadotrophins Versus Clomifene Citrate With or Without Intrauterine Insemination in Women With Normogonadotropic Anovulation and Clomifene Failure (M-OVIN): A Randomized, Two-by-Two Factorial Trial
Authors: Weiss Nienke S. , Nahuis Marleen J. , Bordewijk Esmee , Oosterhuis Jurjen E. , Smeenk Jesper M. J. , Hoek Annemieke , Broekmans Frank J. M. , Fleischer Kathrin , de Bruin Jan Peter , Kaaijk Eugenie M. , Laven Joop S. E. , Hendriks Dave J. , Gerards Marie H. , van Rooij Ilse A. J. , Bourdrez Petra , Gianotten Judith , Koks Carolien , Lambalk Cornelis B. , Hompes Peter G. , van der Veen Fulco , Mol Ben Willem J. , van Wely Madelon 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from Lancet 2018;391:758–765)
Clomifene citrate has long been used as a first-line ovulation induction agent for women wishing to conceive who have normogonadotropic anovulation (absent or irregular ovulation). Women who ovulate but do not conceive after several cycles with clomifene citrate are usually switched to ovulation induction with gonadotrophins, with or without intrauterine insemination.
Delayed Versus Immediate Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants
Authors: Tarnow-Mordi William , Morris Jonathan , Kirby Adrienne , Robledo Kristy , Askie Lisa , Brown Rebecca , Evans Nicholas , Finlayson Sarah , Fogarty Michael , Gebski Val , Ghadge Alpana , Hague Wendy , Isaacs David , Jeffery Michelle , Keech Anthony , Kluckow Martin , Popat Himanshu , Sebastian Lucille , Aagaard Kjersti , Belfort Michael , Pammi Mohan , Abdel-Latif Mohamed , Reynolds Graham , Ariff Shabina , Sheikh Lumaan , Chen Yan , Colditz Paul , Liley Helen , Pritchard Margo , de Luca Daniele , de Waal Koert , Forder Peta , Duley Lelia , El-Naggar Walid , Gill Andrew , Newnham John , Simmer Karen , Groom Katie , Weston Philip , Gullam Joanna , Patel Harshad , Koh Guan , Lui Kei , Marlow Neil , Morris Scott , Sehgal Arvind , Wallace Euan , Soll Roger , Young Leslie , Sweet David , Walker Susan , Watkins Andrew , Wright Ian , Osborn David , Simes John 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2017;377:2445–2455)
Systemic reviews have shown that delaying the time of umbilical cord clamping can improve outcomes of preterm newborns. One such study found enhanced placental transfusion through delayed cord clamping, cord-palpation, or a combination of the 2 practices caused a lower infection and mortality rate when compared with immediate clamping.
The potential role of pharmacogenomics and biotransformation in hypersensitivity reactions to paracetamol
Authors: Agúndez José A.G. , Gómez-Tabales Javier , Ruano Francisco , García-Martin Elena 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of reviewThe aim of the present review is to discuss recent advances supporting a role of paracetamol metabolism in hypersensitivity reactions to this drug.Recent findingsRecent developments in the identification of novel paracetamol metabolites, as well as in allele frequencies and functional effects of genetic variation leading to the bioavailablity of reactive paracetamol metabolites, have led to the identification of potential pharmacogenomic and metabolomic targets in studies seeking mechanisms involved in hypersensitivity reactions caused by this drug. Particularly relevant are identification of araquidonate metabolites, identification of specific-binding sequences for reactive paracetamol metabolite-protein adducts, and studies on the frequencies and the functional impact of duplication or multiduplication of genes involved in the formation of reactive metabolites, as well as complete gene deletion or deleterious mutations in genes involved in the detoxification of paracetamol reactive metabolites. In addition, recent evidence points to sex, ethnic origin and age as relevant factors in the production of reactive paracetamol metabolites.SummaryHigh inter-individual variability in the production of reactive paracetamol metabolites exists, and factors leading to increased bioavailability of reactive paracetamol metabolites are being uncovered. Additional research is required to link these factors to paracetamol-induced hypersensitivity reactions.
Use of Outcome Measures Among Prosthetists and Orthotists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Young Joshua , Rowley Lynne , Lalor Simon 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Outcome measures (OMs) are an important aspect of clinical practice, but there is limited information available on practice concerning OMs among prosthetists and orthotists. This preliminary study aims to identify OMs used, frequency of OM use, and barriers to OM use among prosthetists and orthotists in the United Kingdom (UK).

Materials and Methods
This study is a cross-sectional survey. A 34-item online questionnaire was devised and administered via the Web site of the British Association of Prosthetists and Orthotists.

Results
A total of109 complete responses were received. Results indicate that the majority of prosthetists and orthotists in the UK use OMs; however, only 28% are routine users. Use of OMs is affected by factors including education, work environment, and clinical specialty. Lack of training, availability of clinical time for review appointments, and motivation are reported as barriers to the routine use of OMs.

Conclusions
A picture of current practice concerning OMs among UK prosthetists and orthotists is presented.
Assessing the Degree of Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue Among Critical Care, Oncology, and Charge Nurses
Authors: Al-Majid Sadeeka , Carlson Nika , Kiyohara Melody , Faith Merideth , Rakovski Cyril 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the degree of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue (CF) among critical care, oncology and charge nurses.

BACKGROUND
Cumulative grief resulting from caring for critically/terminally ill patients may result in CF, leading to lower quality care and higher nurse attrition.

METHOD
Data were collected from 38 direct care nurses and 10 charge nurses, using the Professional Quality of Life.

RESULTS
Charge nurses had higher secondary traumatic stress (STS) than direct care nurses. Nurses with less than 10 years of experience had lower CS than experienced nurses. Higher levels of burnout (BO) and STS were reported among charge nurses, whereas less direct care nurses had average to high BO and STS ratings.

CONCLUSIONS
Previous studies focused on direct care nurses; our findings suggest that CF is prevalent among charge nurses as well. Interventions should be considered for clinical providers and charge nurses including debriefing, stress reduction, peer support, and team building.
Top-of-License Nursing Practice, Part 2
Authors: Loversidge Jacqueline , Yen Po-Yin , Chipps Esther , Gallagher-Ford Lynn , Genter Lynne , Buck Jacalyn 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to describe differences in associate degree (ADN) and baccalaureate degree–prepared (BSN) nurses' perceptions of top-of-license (TOL) practice.

BACKGROUND
To date, no empirical work has examined whether ADN and BSN nurses approach TOL practice nursing activities differently.

METHODS
We conducted a qualitative pilot study with focus groups to explore the perceptions of a group of ADN- and BSN-prepared nurses concerning nursing activities and their relation to TOL practice.

RESULTS
Subthemes emerged differentiating how ADN and BSN nurses perceived their responsibilities related to critical thinking, communication, and patient education. For professional nursing care, 5 subthemes further emerged: (a) approaches to assessment, (b) chart review, (c) psychosocial patient care, (d) documentation, and (e) handoff.

CONCLUSIONS
The differences identified in approaches to TOL practice activities by educational preparation have implications for staffing patterns that can optimize the contribution of ADN- and BSN-prepared nurses. Further research is indicated.
Chronic Pelvic Pain in an Interdisciplinary Setting: 1-Year Prospective Cohort
Authors: Allaire Catherine , Williams Christina , Bodmer-Roy Sonja , Zhu Sean , Arion Kristina , Ambacher Kristin , Wu Jessica , Yosef Ali , Wong Fontayne , Noga Heather , Britnell Susannah , Yager Holly , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. , Albert Arianne Y. , Lisonkova Sarka , Yong Paul J. 
Published: May 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218:114.e1–114.e12)
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common clinical problem among women. Its etiology is complex and involves an interplay of gynecologic, urologic, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and psychosocial comorbidities.
Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: Current Management Strategies
Authors: Glenn Tanya L. , Bembry James , Findley Austin D. , Yaklic Jerome L. , Bhagavath Bala , Gagneux Pascal , Lindheim Steven R. 
Published: May 2018

Importance
Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) has a high rate of morbidity with nonspecific signs and symptoms making identification difficult. The criterion-standard treatment of CSEP has been subject to debate.

Objective
This review defines CSEP, discusses pathogenesis and diagnosis, and compares treatment options and outcomes.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature review was performed utilizing the term cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy and subsequently selecting only meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Only articles published in English were included. Relevant articles within the reviews were analyzed as necessary.

Results
Five basic pathways have been identified in treatment of CSEP: expectant management, medical therapy, surgical intervention, uterine artery embolization, or a combination approach. Expectant management has the highest probability of morbid outcomes, including hemorrhage, uterine rupture, and preterm delivery. Medical management often requires further treatment with additional medication or surgery. Different surgical methods have been explored including uterine artery embolization; dilation and curettage; surgical removal via vaginal, laparoscopic, or laparotomic approach; and hysterectomy. Each method has various levels of success and depends on surgeon skill and patient presentation.

Conclusions
Recent research supports any method that removes the pregnancy and scar to reduce morbidity and promote future fertility. Laparoscopic and transvaginal approaches are options for CSEP treatment, although continued research is required to identify the optimal approach.

Relevance
As cesarean delivery numbers rise, a subsequent increase in CSEPs can be anticipated. The ability to accurately diagnose and treat this morbid condition is vital to the practice of any specialist in general obstetrics and gynecology.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to delineate the signs and symptoms of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP), recall the ultrasound findings that are diagnostic for CSEP, list common complications, and discuss the relative effectiveness management options for CSEP.
Herpes Simplex Virus Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Child on Corticosteroids for Acute Wheezing
Authors: Pines Naama , Tsabari Reuven , Kerem Eitan , Reiter Joel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is rarely the cause of pneumonia in immunocompetent patients. We describe a previously healthy child, with no evidence of an immunodeficiency, who presented to the emergency department with severe pneumonia, wheezing, and pleural effusions with a history of orolabial HSV infection. On admission, he was started on antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids but continued to deteriorate. Oral lesions, blood, and pleural fluid tested positive for HSV, and improvement was achieved only after the addition of acyclovir and discontinuation of steroids. We suggest that steroids should be used with caution in patients presenting with lower respiratory tract symptoms and herpetic oral lesions.
Early Functional Treatment of Proximal Phalanx Fractures in Children
Authors: Bohr Stefan , Mammadli Toghrul 
Published: May 2018

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess proper indications a nonsurgical treatment regime for pediatric fractures of the proximal phalanx based on principles of early functional treatment.

Methods
A case series (evidence level 4) of 30 pediatric patients with fractures of the proximal phalanx were treated nonsurgically using protective dynamic splinting techniques and fiberglass casting material. Assessments were performed clinically and by x-ray within 4 to 8 weeks of commencement of treatment. Outcome measures included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score questionnaire as well as fingertip palm distance (cm) and dynamic pain interval assessments.

Results
All fractures healed without any clinically apparent bony deformities. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores were of 25.17 ± 5.29 (mean ± SD), which indicated good functional results usually within 2 weeks of removal of dynamic splints. Fingertip palm distance measurements at endpoints were of 0.17 ± 0.27 cm (mean ± SD), which indicated an almost free range of finger motion. Absence of pain perception under active finger motion (dynamic pain interval) was noted at 14.10 ± 6.79 days (mean ± SD).

Conclusions
Well-established criteria for surgical treatment of phalangeal fractures exist. However, in our experience, a majority of pediatric fractures of the proximal phalanx can be safely treated nonsurgically with dynamic splinting along with shorter intervals of immobilization of the affected fingers and faster restoration of overall hand function compared to surgical treatment.
Quantification of Pain and Distress Associated With Intranasal Midazolam Administration in Children and Evaluation of Validity of Four Observational Measures
Authors: Tsze Daniel S. , Ieni Maria , Flores-Sanchez Pamela L. , Shen Sripriya T. , Bregstein Joan S. , O'Connell Nicole C. , Dayan Peter S. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives
The aims of this study were to quantify the pain and distress associated with the administration of intranasal (IN) midazolam in young children using 4 observational measures and to evaluate the degree of validity of these measures.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational pilot study. Children aged 1 to 7 years requiring IN midazolam were enrolled. Children were videotaped, and scores were assigned to baseline and administration phases using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress–Revised (OSBD-R), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS), and the Faces-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) scale. The cry duration following administration was assessed. Interrater reliability and convergent validity were determined for all 4 measures. Internal consistency and responsivity for the OSBD-R, CHEOPS, and FLACC scales were determined.

Results
We enrolled 20 children. The mean OSBD-R, CHEOPS, and FLACC scores associated with administration of IN midazolam were 27.1 (SD, 13.5), 11.5 (SD, 1.2), and 8.9 (SD, 2.7), respectively. The mean cry duration was 105.5 (SD, 68.8) seconds. The intraclass correlation coefficients for all measures ranged from 0.82 to 0.99. The Cronbach α's for the OSBD-R, CHEOPS, and FLACC were between 0.71 and 0.97. Pearson correlation coefficients for comparisons between OSBD-R, CHEOPS, and FLACC were between 0.82 and 0.96 but were between 0.32 and 0.51 for comparisons involving cry duration.

Conclusions
We have identified estimates of pain and distress associated with administration of IN midazolam in young children that can be used to determine desired effect sizes for trials that study interventions to treat this pain and distress. The OSBD-R, CHEOPS, and FLACC scales are suitable choices for outcome measures.