bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition of dexamethasone to local infiltration analgesia in elective total hip arthroplasty: a double-blind, randomized control trial
Authors: El-Boghdadly Kariem , Short Anthony James , Gandhi Rajiv , Chan Vincent W S 
Published: September 2019

Background and objectivesPain following total hip arthroplasty is significant, and effective analgesia is associated with an improvement in functional outcomes. Dexamethasone may facilitate the action of local anesthesia, but its role as an additive to a local infiltration analgesia (LIA) mixture in hip arthroplasty settings has not been investigated. We hypothesized that the addition of dexamethasone to local anesthetic infiltration improves analgesic outcomes following total hip arthroplasty.MethodsWe performed a double-blind, randomized control trial of 170 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Patients were randomized to receive LIA mixed with either 2 mL of saline 0.9% or 2 mL of dexamethasone 4 mg/mL. The primary outcome was 24 hours oral morphine consumption. Secondary outcomes included short-term and long-term analgesic and functional outcomes and adverse events.Results85 patients were included in each arm. 24 hours morphine consumption was similar between saline and dexamethasone groups, with a median (IQR (range)) of 75 (45–105 (0–240)) and 62.5 (37.5–102.5 (0–210)) mg, respectively (p=0.145). However, patients receiving dexamethasone had significantly reduced opioid consumption for their total in-hospital stay, but not at any other time points examined. Functional outcomes were similar between groups. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was reduced in patients receiving dexamethasone.ConclusionsThe addition of 8 mg dexamethasone to LIA did not reduce 24 hours morphine consumption but was associated with limited improvement in short-term analgesic outcomes and a reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone had no effect on functional outcomes or long-term analgesia.Trial registration numberNCT02760043
Mechanical nociceptive thresholds in endurance horses
Authors: Schambourg Morgane , Taylor Polly M 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlteration of limb sensitivity is forbidden in equine sports but difficult to enforce. We aimed to develop an objective field method to assess mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) in endurance horses.MethodsA remotely controlled pneumatic actuator (1 mm tip) was used to measure forelimb pastern MNT in 108 endurance horses.ResultsMedian (IQR) MNT at rest was 1.9 N (0.9–3.5). Icing had no significant effect on limb sensitivity. MNT measured at weekly intervals increased from week 1 (1.2 N (0.6–1.8)) to week 3 (1.9 N (1.2–2.8)) (P<0.05). In 17 horses without impaired sensitivity, MNT increased from 1.2 N (0.6–2.3) before to 2.4 N (1.2–5.2) after racing (P=0.0017). In desensitised horses, MNT after racing was higher (8 limbs—23.1 N (21.4 to >25)) than in horses without impaired sensitivity (42 limbs—2.2 N (1.2–4.3)) (P<0.0001). Desensitisation with mepivacaine increased MNT to above the safety cut‐off (25 N) at 10 minutes; sensitivity return to baseline varied between individuals but was restored by 330 minutes. None of the horses became averse to the technique.ConclusionMNT was practical, non‐traumatic, repeatable and well tolerated under field conditions in endurance horses. The technique differentiated postracing MNT in horses with normal sensitivity from those with impaired sensitivity.
The changes in growth performance and lipid metabolism of pigs with yellow fat induced by high dietary fish oil
Authors: Guo Qiuping , Li Fengna , Wen Chaoyue , Zhang Lingyu , Duan Yehui , Wang Wenlong , Huang Ruilin , Yin Yulong 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration in growth performance and lipid metabolism during the development of yellow fat in pigs. A total of 30 pigs (9.23 ± 0.21 kg) were assigned to three treatments: (1) low fish oil (LFO), basal diet + 2% fresh fish oil; (2) high fish oil (HFO), basal diet + 8% fresh fish oil; and (3) oxidized fish oil (OFO), basal diet + 8% OFO (peroxide value = 250 meqO2kg−1). Pigs fed HFO and OFO diets showed yellow staining of fat and decreased growth performance, including average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and final body weight (P < 0.01). The oxidized lipid markers malondialdehyde, yellowness b* of backfat, perirenal fat, and abdominal fat were markedly increased in the pigs fed with HFO and OFO (P < 0.05). Furthermore, following HFO feeding, pigs showed significant decreases in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and mRNA expression levels of CCAAT-/enhancer-binding protein alpha, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase in backfat (P < 0.01). Overall, pigs with yellow-fat trait showed decreased growth performance and altered lipid metabolism by the high fish oil feeding.
Homogeneously Modified Special relativity (HMSR)
Authors: Torri Marco Danilo Claudio , Antonelli Vito , Miramonti Lino 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This work explores a Standard Model extension possibility, that violates Lorentz invariance, preserving the space-time isotropy and homogeneity. In this sense HMSR represents an attempt to introduce an isotropic Lorentz Invariance Violation in the elementary particle SM. The theory is constructed starting from a modified kinematics, that takes into account supposed quantum effects due to interaction with the space-time background. The space-time structure itself is modified, resulting in a pseudo-Finsler manifold. The SM extension here provided is inspired by the effective fields theories, but it preserves covariance, with respect to newly introduced modified Lorentz transformations. Geometry perturbations are not considered as universal, but particle species dependent. Non universal character of the amended Lorentz transformations allows to obtain visible physical effects, detectable in experiments by comparing different perturbations related to different interacting particles species.
Black hole shadow of a rotating polytropic black hole by the Newman–Janis algorithm without complexification
Authors: Contreras Ernesto , Ramirez–Velasquez J. M. , Rincón Ángel , Panotopoulos Grigoris , Bargueño Pedro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, starting from a spherically symmetric polytropic black hole, a rotating solution is obtained by following the Newman–Janis algorithm without complexification. Besides studying the horizon, the static conditions and causality issues of the rotating solution, we obtain and discuss the shape of its shadow. Some other physical features as the Hawking temperature and emission rate of the rotating polytropic black hole solution are also discussed.
Dynamically generated inflation from non-Riemannian volume forms
Authors: Benisty D. , Guendelman E. I. , Nissimov E. , Pacheva S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We propose a simple modified gravity model without any initial matter fields in terms of several alternative non-Riemannian spacetime volume elements within the metric (second order) formalism. We show how the non-Riemannian volume-elements, when passing to the physical Einstein frame, create a canonical scalar field and produce dynamically a non-trivial inflationary-type potential for the latter with a large flat region and a stable low-lying minimum. We study the evolution of the cosmological solutions from the point of view of theory of dynamical systems. The theory predicts the spectral index $$n_s \approx 0.96$$ns≈0.96 and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $$r \approx 0.002$$r≈0.002 for 60 e-folds, which is in accordance with the observational data. In the future Euclid and SPHEREx missions or the BICEP3 experiment are expected to provide experimental evidence to test those predictions.
Three-loop contribution of the Faddeev–Popov ghosts to the $$\beta $$-function of $$\mathcal{N}=1$$ supersymmetric gauge theories and the NSVZ relation
Authors: Kuzmichev M. D. , Meshcheriakov N. P. , Novgorodtsev S. V. , Shirokov I. E. , Stepanyantz K. V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We find the three-loop contribution to the $$\beta $$β-function of $$\mathcal{N}=1$$N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories regularized by higher covariant derivatives produced by the supergraphs containing loops of the Faddeev–Popov ghosts. This is done using a recently proposed algorithm, which essentially simplifies such multiloop calculations. The result is presented in the form of an integral of double total derivatives in the momentum space. The considered contribution to the $$\beta $$β-function is compared with the two-loop anomalous dimension of the Faddeev–Popov ghosts. This allows verifying the validity of the NSVZ equation written as a relation between the $$\beta $$β-function and the anomalous dimensions of the quantum superfields. It is demonstrated that in the considered approximation the NSVZ equation is satisfied for the renormalization group functions defined in terms of the bare couplings. The necessity of the nonlinear renormalization for the quantum gauge superfield is also confirmed.
Today's Special on the Anticancer Menu: Immunomodulation by Antifolates
Authors: Buque Aitziber , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Casares Noelia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Pemetrexed is widely employed for the clinical management of mesothelioma and non–small cell lung carcinoma, largely based on its ability to curtail folate metabolism in highly proliferating cells. Recent preclinical findings suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of pemetrexed may involve an unsuspected immunologic component.
See related article by Schaer et al., p. 7175
Colon Capsule Endoscopy versus CT Colonography in Patients with Large Non-Polypoid Tumours: A Multicentre Prospective Comparative Study (4CN Study)
Authors: Utano Kenichi , Katsuki Shinichi , Matsuda Tomoki , Mitsuzaki Katsuhiko , Fujita Tomoki , Nemoto Daiki , Nagata Koichi , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Togashi Kazutomo 
Published: October 2019

Background/Aims: Non-polypoid colon lesions compared with polypoid lesions has a high malignant potential. The diagnostic performance of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and CT colonography (CTC) for large colorectal non-polypoid tumours, that is, laterally spreading tumours is still unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of CCE and CTC for the diagnosis of large non-polypoid tumours. Methods: Thirty patients referred for endoscopic submucosal dissection of non-polypoid tumours measuring ≥20 mm were enrolled. Patients first underwent CCE, then colonoscopy (without resection) and CTC on the same day. An experienced gastroenterologist in a third hospital evaluated the CCE and recorded the location, size and morphology of all lesions detected, blinded to the colonoscopic findings. An experienced radiologist read the CTC under the same conditions. Colonoscopic findings were defined as the reference. Results: A total of 30 lesions (T1 cancer: 3, Tis cancer: 7, adenoma: 14, sessile serrated adenoma/polyp: 6) in 27 patients were observed for evaluation. The capsule excretion rate within 8 h was 85% (23/27), and all capsules went beyond the target lesions. Non-polypoid tumours tend to be depicted as polypoid on CCE. Per patient sensitivities were 0.89 (24/27) by CCE and 0.70 (19/27) by CTC (p = 0.0253, McNemar), and per lesion sensitivities were 0.87 (26/30) and 0.67 (20/30) respectively (p = 0.0143). Most lesions missed by both modalities were located in the proximal colon. Conclusion: Eighty-seven per cent of non-polypoid tumours were detected by CCE, and the sensitivity using CCE was higher than that obtained using CTC (UMIN0000014772).
Evolution of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Cardiology Clinical Practice Guidelines: A 10‐Year Assessment
Authors: DuBose‐Briski Victoria , Yao Xiaoxi , Dunlay Shannon M. , Dhruva Sanket S. , Ross Joseph S. , Shah Nilay D. , Noseworthy Peter A. 
Published: September 2019

Background
The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association periodically revise clinical practice guidelines. We evaluated changes in the evidence underlying guidelines published over a 10‐year period.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐five American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines were divided into 2 time periods: 2008 to 2012 and 2013 to 2017. Guidelines were categorized into the following topic areas: arrhythmias, prevention, acute and stable ischemia, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and vascular medicine. Changes in recommendations were assessed for each topic area. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association designated class of recommendation as level I,
II
, or
III
(I represented “strongly recommended”) and levels of evidence (
LOE
) as A, C, or C (A represented “highest quality”). The median number of recommendations per each topic area was 281 (198–536, interquartile range) in 2008 to 2012 versus 247 (190–451.3, interquartile range) in 2013 to 2017. The median proportion of class of recommendation I was 49.3% and 44.4% in the 2 time periods, 38.0% and 44.5% for class of recommendation
II
, and 12.5% and 11.2% for class of recommendation
III
. Median proportions for
LOE
A were 15.7% and 14.1%, 41.0% and 52.8% for
LOE
B, and 46.9% and 32.5% for
LOE
C. The decrease in the proportion of
LOE
C was highest in heart failure (24.8%), valvular heart disease (22.3%), and arrhythmia (19.2%). An increase in the proportion of
LOE
B was observed for these same areas: 31.8%, 23.8%, and 19.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
There has been a decrease in American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommendations, driven by removal of recommendations based on lower quality of evidence, although there was no corresponding increase in the highest quality of evidence.
Nocturnal Mean Arterial Pressure Rising Is Associated With Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Jiamei , Li Ruohan , Gao Ya , Zhang Jingjing , Zhao Yujie , Zhang Xiaoling , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2019

Background

Disrupted circadian rhythm of blood pressure is commonly observed in patients in the intensive care unit (
ICU
). This study assessed the association of nocturnal mean arterial pressure rising (
NMAPR
) with short‐ and long‐term mortality in critically ill adult patients.

Methods and Results

Adult patients with a complete record of mean arterial pressure monitoring during the first 24 hours of
ICU
stay in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care
II
(MIMIC‐II) database were included in this retrospective cohort study. All patients were divided into the non‐
NMAPR
group (≤1) or the
NMAPR
group (>1), according to the value of mean nighttime divided by daytime mean arterial pressure. The associations of
NMAPR
with
ICU
, hospital, 28‐day, and 1‐year mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression or a Cox proportional hazards model. Interaction and subgroup analyses were performed for those patients who had a first Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (
SOFA
) score of ≥8 or <8. The overall cohort comprised 5185 patients. The patients with
NMAPR
(n=1865) had higher
ICU
, hospital, 28‐day, and 1‐year mortality than the non‐
NMAPR
group (n=3320). After adjusting for covariates, the analysis showed that
NMAPR
was significantly associated with mortality in the
ICU
(odds ratio: 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10–1.65), in the hospital (odds ratio: 1.35; 95%
CI
, 1.12–1.63), at 28 days (hazard ratio: 1.27; 95%
CI
, 1.10–1.48), and at 1 year (hazard ratio: 1.24; 95%
CI
, 1.10–1.40). All results of the interaction analysis had no statistical significance, and similar results persisted in the patients with different
SOFA
scores.

Conclusions

NMAPR
may aid in the early identification of critically ill patients at high risk of
ICU
, hospital, 28‐day, or 1‐year mortality.
Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment of Isolated Diastolic Hypertension: Insights From the China PEACE Million Persons Project
Authors: Mahajan Shiwani , Zhang Danwei , He Siyun , Lu Yuan , Gupta Aakriti , Spatz Erica S. , Lu Jiapeng , Huang Chenxi , Herrin Jeph , Liu Shuling , Yang Jingwei , Wu Chaoqun , Cui Jianlan , Zhang Qiuli , Li Xi , Nasir Khurram , Zheng Xin , Krumholz Harlan M. , Li Jing , Dong Zhong , Jiang Bo , Zhang YingYi , Liu Yuhuan , Meng Yaqing , Xi Yunfeng , Tian Yuanmeng , Fu Yao , Liu Ting , Yan Shichun , Jin Lin , Wang Jing , Xu Xiaoling , Xing Xiuya , Zhang Luan , Fang Xin , Xu Yan , Xu Chunxiao , Fan Lei , Qi Minjie , Qi Junfeng , Li Junlin , Liu Qiong , Feng Yingqing , Wang Jiabin , Wen Hong , Xu Jie , He Jun , Jiang Chenxi , Yang Cangjiang , Yu Yue , Tashi Zongji , Hu Zhiping , Zhang Jing , Li Xiaoping , Ma Shaoning , Ma Yitong , Huang Ying , Zhang Yuchen , Shen Jiacong 
Published: September 2019

Background

Characterizing and assessing the prevalence, awareness, and treatment patterns of patients with isolated diastolic hypertension (
IDH
) can generate new knowledge and highlight opportunities to improve their care.

Methods and Results

We used data from the China PEACE (Patient‐centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events) Million Persons Project, which screened 2 351 035 participants aged 35 to 75 years between 2014 and 2018.
IDH
was defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressure of <140 and ≥90 mm Hg; awareness as self‐reported diagnosis of hypertension; and treatment as current use of antihypertensive medications. Of the 2 310 184 participants included (mean age 55.7 years; 59.5% women); 73 279 (3.2%) had
IDH
, of whom 63 112 (86.1%) were untreated, and only 6512 (10.3%) of the untreated were aware of having hypertension. When compared with normotensives, participants who were <60 years, men, at least college educated, had body mass index of >28 kg/m
2
, consumed alcohol, had diabetes mellitus, and prior cardiovascular events were more likely to have
IDH
(all
P
<0.01). Among those with
IDH
, higher likelihood of awareness was associated with increased age, women, college education, body mass index of >28 kg/m
2
, higher income, diabetes mellitus, prior cardiovascular events, and Central or Eastern region (all
P
<0.05). Most treated participants with
IDH
reported taking only 1 class of antihypertensive medication.

Conclusions

IDH
affects a substantial number of people in China, however, few are aware of having hypertension and most treated participants are poorly managed, which suggests the need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of people with
IDH
.
(Post)human Temporalities: Science Fiction in the Anthropocene
Authors: Hay Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough many SF texts proceed from the speculative premise that our species will continue to develop technologically, and hence become increasingly posthuman, our species’ continuance into even the next century is by no means assured. Rather, the Anthropocene exerts a new temporal logic; it is an age defined by an intensification of geological timescales. It is therefore noteworthy that many contemporary SF texts are ecologically interventionist and figure apocalyptic future temporalities which curtail the posthuman predilection common to the genre. This article analyses a tetrad of literary texts, written at various points during the last three decades, which summatively reveal the mutations of the (post)human temporalities figured by cli-fi texts. These four texts are: Kim Stanley Robinson’s Mars Trilogy (1992-1996); Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods (2007); Michel Faber’s The Book of Strange New Things (2014); and Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Water Knife (2015).
Present-Tense Narration and Representing Trauma in Anne Enright’s The Gathering
Authors: McCarthy Karen Anne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article, I engage with the present-tense narration in Anne Enright’s novel, The Gathering. The narrator, Veronica Hegarty, is tasked with assembling her family for a wake after the suicide of her closest brother Liam. What his death unleashes in her is a compulsion to write down an “uncertain event,” which may or “may not have happened,” in which Liam was sexually assaulted as a child. The narrative suggests that Veronica witnessed this “event” and, in line with the aporetic nature of traumatic experience, did not register it as such. The narrative temporal strategy, as this article will demonstrate, is key to the author’s representation of the “event” which, due to its traumatic nature, is always of the present, and never successfully relegated to the past. I also explore the ways in which the novel suggests a healing which can be neither contained nor enacted within the confines of this overtly present-tense narrative.
Faculty and Student Perceptions of the Presence of Emotional Support Animals on a College Campus
Authors: Goodman-Wilson Miranda , Highfill Lauren 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Colleges are experiencing an increase in requests for Emotional Support Animals (ESAs) to live on campus. However, misconceptions about policies pertaining to ESAs are pervasive. No formal, published study has yet examined the opinions of those who are most impacted—faculty and students. In the present study, 45 faculty and 228 students (49 living with an ESA) were surveyed about their understanding of ESAs and ESA-related policies. Participants were asked about the perceived benefits and disadvantages of having an ESA at college. Results indicate that the majority of faculty and students are supportive of ESAs on campus generally. However, opinions about permitting ESAs into academic spaces are considerably more mixed. Among both faculty and students, there is much confusion about the rules which govern their presence on campus. The survey also revealed support for increased accountability measures for ESAs in the form of training qualifications and welfare considerations.
Citizens and mobile government: an empirical analysis of the antecedents and consequences of mobile government usage
Authors: Wirtz Bernd W. , Birkmeyer Steven , Langer Paul F. 
Published: September 2019

Mobile government services have significantly gained importance for practitioners and researchers. However, there is a lack of empirical investigation into the diffusion of mobile government among users. Based on the technology acceptance model and related literature, we derived a structural model providing the central antecedents of citizens’ usage intention of mobile government services and its effect on word-of-mouth intention. Findings from a sample of 161 German public administration students largely supported the model. Only the anticipated effect of perceived interactivity on intention to use was not supported. Points for practitioners The study provides a comprehensive model of mobile government applications’ success. Professionals who develop mobile government services should focus on usefulness, usability and a high level of service coverage, as well as privacy and security aspects, to increase citizens’ intention to use the respective service. Interactivity has not been found to be a significant factor for citizens’ intention to use mobile government services. The study also suggests that citizens will recommend the services to others if they intend to use it in the first place.