bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Total Cerebrovascular Disease in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Hovland Anders , Mundal Liv J. , Igland Jannicke , Veierød Marit B. , Holven Kirsten B. , Bogsrud Martin Prøven , Tell Grethe S. , Leren Trond P. , Retterstøl Kjetil 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose—
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease leading to increased level of serum LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and risk of coronary heart disease. Whether FH increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic stroke, is debated. Accordingly, we studied the incidence of cerebrovascular disease in a cohort of people with genetically verified FH compared with the entire Norwegian population and examined whether people in this cohort with previous cohort had increased risk of cerebrovascular disease.

Methods—
Incidence rates of hospitalization for cerebrovascular disease (among 3144 people with FH) and ischemic stroke (among 3166 people with FH) were estimated by linkage of FH people to Cardiovascular Disease in Norway—a nationwide database of cardiovascular disease hospitalizations (2001–2009). We calculated standardized incidence ratios and used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios.

Results—

A total of 46 cases (19 women and 27 men) of cerebrovascular disease were observed in the cohort of people with FH, with no increased risk of cerebrovascular disease compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8–1.4). Total number of ischemic strokes in the cohort of people with FH was 26 (9 women and 17 men), with no increased risk compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7–1.5). Prior coronary heart disease significantly increased cerebrovascular disease risk in women (hazard ratio, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.20–9.00) but not in men (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.45–2.37;
P
interaction
=0.04).

Conclusions—
In a large cohort of genetically verified FH, risks of cerebrovascular disease and ischemic stroke were not increased compared with the total Norwegian population.
Total Factor Productivity and Openness in Indian Economy: 1970–2011
Authors: Haider Salman , Ganaie Aadil Ahmad , Kamaiah Bandi 
Published: December 2018

The present article aims to explore the causal link between total factor productivity (TFP) and openness in the Indian economy during the period 1970–2011. The study employs the cointegration and error-correction approach, along with Granger causality test. The TFP index used in the study is based on the Tornqvist index and export plus import as a percentage of GDP is used as a measure of openness. It is found that trade openness is cointegrated with TFP using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. In the short run, there is evidence of unidirectional Granger causality running from trade openness to total factor productivity. The finding suggests that heavy protection for the domestic industry would deprive the country of efficiency gains in the long run. The resultant effect would be the wastage of resources. For a developing country, lower efficiency levels will halt the process of development. However, enhancement of TFP can not only be due to increase in trade, along with it, the investment in human and physical capital are also better avenues to be taken care of. JEL Codes: F10 O40 O33 C22
Trade Openness and Economic Growth Nexus: A Case Study of BRICS
Authors: Burange L. G. , Ranadive Rucha R. , Karnik Neha N. 
Published: December 2018

The article analyses a causal relationship between trade openness and economic growth for the member countries of BRICS by using an econometric technique of time series analysis. Member countries of BRICS adopted a series of liberalization reforms, almost simultaneously, from the late 1980s. The article attempts to study the impact of trade openness on their growth in GDP per capita. It captures structural composition of GDP and openness of trade in four aspects, that is, merchandise exports, merchandise imports, services export and services import. In India, the study found growth-led trade in services hypothesis. The article supports the growth-led export and growth-led import hypothesis for China and export- and import-led growth for South Africa. However, no causal relationship was evident for Brazil and Russia. JEL Codes: F43, C22
Entertainment, social media use and young women’s tanning behaviours
Authors: Willoughby Jessica Fitts , Myrick Jessica Gall 
Published: December 2018

Objective: While research suggests media use is positively associated with skin-damaging behaviours, especially among US college-aged women, less is known about the role of specific media types in potentially promoting indoor or outdoor tanning. Design: We used an online survey to examine the relationship between demographic variables, entertainment media and social media use, attitudes towards looking like people in the media and indoor tanning and outdoor sunbathing frequency. Setting: US Pacific Northwest. Method: Online survey with a convenience sample of college women ( N = 502) in September 2016. Results: Attitudes towards looking like people in media were a significant predictor of frequency of indoor and outdoor tanning, above and beyond demographic variables and media use. Greater magazine use predicted increased indoor tanning and social media use predicted outdoor sunbathing frequency. Greater use of visual-oriented social media platforms like Instagram, SnapChat and Pinterest predicted increased sunbathing. Conclusion: Health communicators should consider specific channels for prevention efforts, particularly social media for targeting sunbathers.
Rethinking Response Rates: New Evidence of Little Relationship Between Survey Response Rates and Nonresponse Bias
Authors: Hendra Richard , Hill Aaron 
Published: December 2018

Background: Federally funded evaluation research projects typically strive for an 80% survey response rate, but the increasing difficulty and expense in reaching survey respondents raises the question of whether such a threshold is necessary for reducing bias and increasing the accuracy of survey estimates. Objectives: This analysis focuses on a particular component of survey methodology: the survey response rate and its relationship to nonresponse bias. Following a review of the literature, new analysis of data from a large, multisite random assignment experiment explores the relationship between survey response rates and measured nonresponse bias. Research Design: With detailed survey disposition data, the analysis simulates nonresponse bias at lower response rates. The subjects included 12,000 individuals who were fielded for 16 identical surveys as part of the Employment Retention and Advancement evaluation. Results: The results suggest scant relationship between survey nonresponse bias and response rates. The results also indicate that the pursuit of high response rates lengthens the fielding period, which can create other measurement problems. Conclusions: The costly pursuit of a high response rate may offer little or no reduction of nonresponse bias. Achieving such a high rate of response requires considerable financial resources that might be better applied to methods and techniques shown to have a greater effect on the reduction of nonresponse bias.
Body-weight goals, trends, and weight-loss techniques among patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Addison O , Yang R , Serra MC 
Published: December 2018

Background: Obesity contributes to negative outcomes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Little is known about the body-weight goals and trends among patients with PAD. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore self-reported body-weight trends and methods used to achieve weight loss in patients with PAD. Methods: Data from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was utilized to compare individuals with PAD who were overweight and obese ( n = 240), to matched individuals without PAD ( n = 480). Self-reported body weight at age 25 years, 10 years prior and 1 year prior to the current assessment, and age and weight of heaviest body weight were compared. Self-reported weight-loss techniques during the past year were compared between groups. Results: Individuals with PAD and controls reported similar weights 10 years prior (79.2 kg vs 78.5 kg; p = 0.60) and weight gain over the last 10 years of 5.7 kg. There was no significant difference in reported body weight at age 25 years, 10 years prior, 1 year prior, or heaviest weight. Compared with the control group, fewer participants with PAD reported attempted weight loss in the last year (27.50% vs 36.04%; p = 0.02) and were half as likely to report utilizing exercise as a weight-loss method (12.5% vs 21.7%; p = 0.003). Conclusions: These data indicate that those with PAD are less inclined to attempt weight loss, especially through means of increased physical activity. Future research is needed regarding the effectiveness of intentional weight-loss programs in this population.
Deep venous thrombosis in the clinical course of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Stoeva Natalia , Staneva Milena , Kirova Galina , Bakalova Rumiana 
Published: December 2018

Objectives The aim of the study is to find how concomitant deep venous thrombosis (DVT) changes the clinical course of pulmonary embolism. Methods Three hundred and five patients with pulmonary embolism were examined and grouped into DVT and non-DVT groups. Both groups were compared with regard to demography, predisposing factors, clinical signs, thrombotic burden, and one-month mortality rate. Results The patients with DVT had a more severe clinical presentation: higher heart rate (94.80 ± 18.66 beats per minute versus 87.9 ± 13.90 in the non-DVT group, p = 0.00033), more hemodynamic instability (11.35% versus 3.05% in the non-DVT group, p = 0.005), and less pCO2 in arterial blood gases (30.81 ± 7.94 mmHg versus 32.59 ± 7.35 mmHg in the non-DVT group, p = 0.049). The DVT group had heavier thrombotic burden in pulmonary artery, measured by Mastora score. The one-month mortality rate did not differ statistically between groups. Conclusions Patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism and concomitant DVT have heavier thrombotic burden in the pulmonary artery and more severe clinical presentation compared to those without DVT, but a similar one-month mortality rate.
The impact of environmental enrichment in an acute stroke unit on how and when patients undertake activities
Authors: Rosbergen Ingrid CM , Grimley Rohan S , Hayward Kathryn S , Brauer Sandra G 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: To explore the effect of environmental enrichment within an acute stroke unit on how and when patients undertake activities, and the amount of staff assistance provided, compared with a control environment (no enrichment). Design: This is a substudy of a controlled before–after observational study. Setting: The study was conducted in an Australian acute stroke unit. Participants: The study included stroke patients admitted to (1) control and (2) environmental enrichment period. Intervention: The control group received standard therapy and nursing care, which was delivered one-on-one in the participants’ bedroom or a communal gym. The enriched group received stimulating resources and communal areas for mealtimes, socializing and group activities. Furthermore, participants and families were encouraged to increase patient activity outside therapy hours. Main measures: Behavioral mapping was performed every 10 minutes between 7.30 a.m. and 7.30 p.m. on weekdays and weekends to estimate activity levels. We compared activity levels during specified time periods, nature of activities observed and amount of staff assistance provided during patient activities across both groups. Results: Higher activity levels in the enriched group ( n = 30, mean age 76.7 ± 12.1) occurred during periods of scheduled communal activity ( P < 0.001), weekday non-scheduled activity ( P = 0.007) and weekends ( P = 0.018) when compared to the control group ( n = 30, mean age 76.0 ± 12.8), but no differences were observed on weekdays after 5 p.m. ( P = 0.324). The enriched group spent more time on upper limb ( P < 0.001), communal socializing ( P < 0.001), listening ( P = 0.007) and iPad activities ( P = 0.002). No difference in total staff assistance during activities was observed ( P = 0.055). Conclusion: Communal activities and environmental resources were important contributors to greater activity within the enriched acute stroke unit.
Discussing factors associated with quality of life in cancer follow-up appointments: a preliminary test of a pragmatic model for clinical practice
Authors: Lindner Oana C , McCabe Martin G , Boele Florien , Mayes Andrew , Talmi Deborah , Radford John , Wearden Alison 
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to perform a preliminary test of a practical, evidence-based model to enable discussions around quality of life–related concerns during cancer follow-up appointments. Design: Cross-sectional study measuring quality of life, illness perceptions, emotional distress, fatigue, and subjective cognitive complaints. Setting: Cancer outpatient follow-up clinics in four National Health Services in the United Kingdom. Participants: Working-age post-treatment cancer patients, treated with curative intent. Interventions: Not applicable. Main measures: European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer – Quality of Life Questionnaire – Core 30, Illness Perceptions Questionnaire – Revised, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Results: Fifty-seven cancer patients, with a mean age of 36 years and on average 2.75 years post treatment, returned the completed questionnaires. Anxiety partially mediated the association between subjective cognitive complaints and illness identity (60%) and timeline (25%). Cognitive complaints mediated the relationships between quality of life and anxiety (45%), depression (30%), and fatigue (62%). Depression mediated the relationships between quality of life and illness identity (48%) and timeline (40%). Conclusion: Our study provides a preliminary test of an evidence-based model to help elicit quality of life–related concerns during cancer follow-up appointments. Illness perceptions are associated with quality of life through the mediation of other cancer-relevant factors. Discussing the type, origin, and expected duration of symptoms may elicit other concerns, such as emotional distress, fatigue, or cognitive complaints, which explained a significant amount of the relationship between illness perceptions and quality of life.
Carfilzomib-induced tumor lysis syndrome in relapsed multiple myeloma: a report of two cases
Authors: Terzi Demirsoy Esra , Birtas Atesoglu Elif , Eren Necmi , Gedük Ayfer , Mehtap Ozgur , Tarkun Pınar , Hacıhanefioğlu Abdullah 
Published: December 2018

Background: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially fatal complication of cancer therapy characterized by severe electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcaemia. TLS usually occurs in aggressive hematologic malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma and acute leukemia. TLS has rarely been observed in multiple myeloma (MM). Case report: We present 2 patients with relapsed MM who developed TLS after the first cycle of carfilzomib treatment. Conclusion: Carfilzomib is a next-generation proteasome inhibitor with proven efficacy in relapsed/refractory MM. Recently, increasing frequency of TLS has been reported in MM, especially after treatment with proteasome inhibitors. The potential complications of TLS should be considered especially during the first cycle of carfilzomib treatment.
Mapping participation of disabled youth in sport and other free-time activities to facilitate their livelihoods development
Authors: Lorenzo Theresa , McKinney Vic , Bam Armand , Sigenu Viwe , Sompeta Siphokazi 
Published: December 2018

Introduction The benefits of engaging in sport and other free-time activities empower youth to learn social and life skills. There is little research evidence that participation builds competence for livelihoods development of youth with disabilities. This article investigates the capacity of non-governmental organisations to extend the outcomes of participation in these activities for livelihoods development. It argues that occupational therapists employed in non-governmental organisations could play this key role. Method The study utilised an exploratory, intrinsic case study design to provide meaningful, context-related knowledge and insight about real-life events. Twenty disabled youth and 12 parents of disabled children, between the ages of 18 and 37 years, were selected through five non-governmental organisations in an urban metropole and town, and two rural farming communities in South Africa. Findings Two themes emerged: first, family as anchor and catalyst for social and economic inclusion; and second, creating capacity for inclusive environments, systems and services to maximise resources for livelihood development. Conclusion Occupational therapists in non-governmental organisations are well positioned to facilitate capacity-building of a community-based inclusive workforce to ensure systems for public service delivery are accessible and affordable. Then, the social and life skills developed through sport and free-time activities may enable the livelihoods development of all youth.
Labour mobility, skill-relatedness and new plant survival across different development stages of an industry
Authors: Cappelli Riccardo , Boschma Ron , Weterings Anet 
Published: December 2018

Labour mobility is often considered a crucial factor for regional development. However, labour mobility is not good per se for local firms. There is increasing evidence that labour recruited from skill-related industries has a positive effect on plant performance, in contrast to intra-industry labour recruits. However, little is known about which types of labour are recruited in different stages of the evolution of an industry, and whether that matters for plant performance. This paper attempts to fill these gaps in the literature using linked employee–employer data at the plant level for manufacturing and services industries in the Netherlands for the period 2001–2009. Our study focuses on the effects of different types of labour recruits on the survival of new plants. We show that the effects of labour recruits from the same industry and from skill-related and unrelated industries on plant survival vary between different stages of the evolution of an industry. We also find that inter-regional labour flows do not affect new plant survival. JEL classification: R11, R12, O18
PAC1 receptor mRNA and protein distribution in rat and human trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia, spinal trigeminal nucleus and in dura mater
Authors: Hensley Kelly , Pretorius Jim , Chan Brian , Page Keith , Liu Hantao , Choi Chang , Shi Di , Xu Cen , Edvinsson Lars , Miller Silke 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundTo further understand the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (PAC1) receptors in headache disorders, we mapped their expression in tissues of the trigemino-autonomic system by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.MethodsTo optimize screening for monoclonal antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cells overexpressing human PAC1 receptors. 169G4.1 was selected from these studies for analysis of rat and human tissues and chimerized onto a mouse backbone to avoid human-on-human cross-reactivity. Immunoreactivity was compared to PAC1 receptor mRNA by in situ hybridization in both species.Results169G4.1 immunoreactivity delineated neuronal cell bodies in the sphenopalatine ganglion in both rat and human, whereas no staining was detected in the trigeminal ganglion. The spinal trigeminal nucleus in both species showed immunoreactivity as especially strong in the upper laminae with both cell bodies and neuropil being labelled. No immunoreactivity was seen in either rat or human dura mater vessels. In situ hybridization in both species revealed mRNA in sphenopalatine ganglion neurons and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, a weak signal in the trigeminal nucleus and no signal in dural vessels.ConclusionTaken together, these data support a role for PAC1 receptors in the trigemino-autonomic system as it relates to headache pathophysiology.
It keeps on turning: Effects of prolonged long-term left ventricular assist device support as a bridge to heart transplantation
Authors: Schmack Bastian , Grossekettler Leonie , Zeriouh Mohamed , Weymann Alexander , Mohite Prashant , Koch Achim , Ruhparwar Arjang , Simon Andre Ruediger , Sabashnikov Anton , Popov Aron Frederik 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Increasing incidence of end-stage heart failure has moved the therapy with left ventricular assist devices to the forefront of surgical treatment. Moreover, continuous sophistication in this technology has resulted in increasing proportion of patients on prolonged support. Early and late complications after left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplantation and present factors associated with long-term support and long-term outcomes of patients supported for at least 1 year were compared. Methods: A total of 163 consecutive patients who underwent left ventricular assist device implantation as bridge to transplantation were included. A total of 79 patients were supported for at least 1 year (long-term support), whereas 84 patients were supported for less than 1 year (short-term group). Results: Factors associated with a successful long-term support were male gender (p < 0.001), cessation of smoking at least 6 months prior to surgery (p = 0.045), previous implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (p = 0.001) and rapid postoperative extubation (p = 0.018). Regarding echocardiographic parameters, higher left ventricular mass (p = 0.013) and larger left ventricular–end systolic (p = 0.008) and diastolic (p = 0.005) diameters prior to left ventricular assist device implantation were associated with long-term support. Short-term group showed higher mortality and higher proportion of patients who underwent device exchange due to device failure, and left ventricular assist device explantation for myocardial recovery was less frequent in the long-term support (p < 0.001). In addition, patients from the long-term support had significantly higher incidence of higher-grade aortic regurgitation (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Prolonged left ventricular assist device support as bridge to transplantation is associated with lower mortality and lower incidence of device failure requiring device exchange. However, long-term support reduces the chance of device explantation for myocardial recovery and increases the incidence of higher-grade aortic regurgitation in the follow-up.