bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TRAKTOR TANGAN DAN CARA KONVENSIONAL DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Silamat Edi , Yuwana . , Yuliarso M. Zulkarnain 
Published: April 2018

The aims of this research are to (1) determine factors that affect rice farmers decision to use hand tractor or not (conventional), (2) analyze the productivity of rice using hand tractors and conventional technique. (3) Calculate the income of rice farmers that used tractors and conventional. The number of samples taken were 41 rice farmers who used hand tractors in the village of Rimbo Recap and the ones who used conventional technique 29 persons in Watas Marga village. The systems of farming was the same both in Watas Marga village and in Rimbo Recap. Sampling was conducted by interview using questionnaire to collect primer data and secunder data. The method of research was survey using the formula Slovin. The result of study concluded that the land space and perception of labor significantly affected the farmer’s decision to use the hand tractors, while the perception of farmers on hand tractors did not affect significantly on the farmer’s decision to use hand tractors in agricultural land preparation. Factors that affected the productivity were seeds 4.569 t count > t table of 2.564 and labor 8.936 t count > t table of 2.464t count > t table 2.042 and labor 8.936 t count > t table of 2.464 with 99% confidence level. Insectiside had significant effect on productivity of rice at 95% level. The value of t count was 2.479 > t table (2.042). T test had a negative value. Dummy showed decrease in productivity by 0.2077% if the farmer did not use a hand tractor. Incomes of farmers who used both tractors and conventional technique showed no significant difference. Income of farmers who used tractors was Rp. 9.014.727/MT or Rp. 11. 302.316/Ha and farmers' income whoutilize conventional technique was Rp. 9.041.365/MT or Rp. 11.349.945/Ha. The calculation results based on different incomes concluded that change in rice farming systems did not significantly effect on income benefit. Keywords: rice paddy, hand tractors, productivity, revenue.
ADOPSI INOVASI PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN AREAL MODEL HUTAN RAKYAT DI DESA BAKAL DALAM KECAMATAN TALO KABUPATEN BENGKULU SELATAN
Authors: Asriani Putri Suci 
Published: April 2018

The succes of community forest areal model development program in the location of Baka/ Da/am village, T810 subdistrict, South of Bengkulu district very depend on wffh efective or inefective adoption-inovation process to this program. In addition to obsetVed from positif perseption as indicated with direct by participant farmers in this program, low or high personal motivation partiCipant farmers to this program, and rank of this participation. Key words: Adoption-inovation, community forest areal model development.
EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI JAGUNG DI DESA SUKA PINDAH
Authors: Utama Satria Putra 
Published: April 2018

The general objective of the study was to estimate technical efficiency of farmers under Bengkulu Regional Development Project (BRDP) through Unit Pengelola Keuangan Desa (UPKD) of com farmers' practice in Suka Pindah, Lubuk Pinang Sub-district, Bengkulu Province. Suka Pindah was choosen by purposive method because this area one of the production center for com in Bengkulu Province. The research was conducted on December 2003, using a total of 30 respondents chosen by simple random sampling from 138 farmers. The stochastic frontier production function estimation using MLE showed that seed and labour had positive significant influence on the value of the output. Nitrogen (urea) coefficient had negative sign but this was not Significant. SP36, KGf, Herbidde and UPKD had positive sign, but these were not significant. The average of technical efficiency was 70 % for the com farmers'in Suka Pindah, it's mean that there is chance to increase the effiCiency around 30 % more compare to the best farmers' practices. Key word: Bengkulu Regional Development Project (BRDP), technical efficiency
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN TENAGA KERJA PADA USAHATANI KOPI (Studi Kasus Di Desa Kepala Curup Kecamatan Padang Ulak Tanding Kabupaten Rejang Lebong)
Authors: Sriyoto . , Utama Satria Putra , Antony . 
Published: April 2018

The hypothesis of the study were capital, coffee price, labor wages, and price of fertifizers significantfy influence demand for labor in coffee estate management at Padang Ulak Tanding sub district, Rejang Lebong regency. The cobb-douglas model was used for elaborating the objectives. The results significantly show that demand for labor was influenced by capital, labor wages; price of coffee in nurse ring while price of fertilizers was not In the planting, capital and price of fertilizers were influence the demand for labor while labor wages and price of coffee were not. Capital and labor wages significantly influenced the demand for labor while price of coffee and fertilizers were not in the maintaining activities. Price of coffee and capital influence the demand for labor but labor wages and price of fertilizers are not. Government has had to serious attention in terms of technical and management assistances through special programs in improving the best production and productivity.Key words: Labor demand, estate management and coffee
SKALA USAHA MINIMUM PADA USAHATANI TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum) KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Utama Satria Putra , Irawan Andi , Marito H Butmen 
Published: April 2018

Tobacco was one of priority commodity in Rejang Lebong district to develop, its supported by suitable micro climate and farmer behavior so long. The research were objected to analyze the influencing factors on produdion and minimum economic scale of tobacco farming system at Rejang Lebong District. These tried to answer thorugh the cob-douglas and break even point analyses. The research showed that area (x 1), TSP fertilizer (x3), ZA fertlizer (x4) significantly influence to tobacco production. Minimum economic scale of tobacco farming system around 0.07 ha but farmers scale about 0.49 ha. It meaned that farmet tobacco were already in comerdal/economic scale. Improving the prcxluction could be attained thorugh extensification and intesification . extensification in the way of extended the croping area, while intesification by improving fertilizers of TSP and ZA to optimal level of usage. others factors should be another farmer focus to increas prcxluction such quality of seed, integrated and environmental pestici~e and so forth. Keywords: Minimum economic scale, farming system, tobacco
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN BURUH MIGRAN PEREMPUAN INDONESIA DI HONGKONG
Authors: Wulan Tyas Retno , Kolopaking Lala M. , Wahyuni Ekawati Sri , Abdullah Irwan 
Published: April 2018

Social remittances (ideas, system practice, and social capital flow from the receiving country to the home country) of Indonesian female migrant workers (BMP) in Hong Kong appeared better and more complete than other BMP in other countries like Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, or Singapore. Based on that research, we are encouraged to do extensive research in order to identify factors that push BMP’s social remittances development in Hong Kong, to identify kinds of social remmitances they receive and to understand on how far their social remittances become a medium to empower them and their society. This study is done in qualitative method that uses an in-depth interview technique and FGD. Subjects of study are BMP, the government (Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration and BNP2TKI), NGOs, migrant workers’ organization and researchers of BMP. The study done in Cianjur (West Java), Wonosobo and Banyumas (Central Java) and Hong Kong indicates that during their migration process, female migrant workers not only have economical remittance that can be used for productive activities, but also social remittances. The social remittances are in the form practical knowledge such as language skill and nursery; knowledge on health, financial management; ethical work; the mindset changing and networking. The study indicate that female migrant workers are extraordinary women more than just an ex-helper. Their migration has put them into a position as an agent of development in society.Key words: Indonesians female migrant workers, social remmitances, empowerment
PERILAKU KOMUNIKASI IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN KETAHANAN PANGAN: STUDI PADA RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Yuliarso M. Zulkarnain 
Published: April 2018

This research aimed at identifying the communication behavior of the household wife toward food security’s knowledge. This communication behaviour includes information searching and transmissionboth its frequency and quality (communication level),gathered from mass media and interpersonal communication. This study was survey research with 30 people was selected using simple random sampling. Data analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis based on frequency tabulation. Diversification, stabilitation, and food intake information are favourable towardsand much communicated by respondents. Communication level ranges from only small talk, interdependent to interactive communication. Respondents gained their information from PKK and Posyandu cadres, nurse and private doctor, and community healts centre crew. Mass media were not used as information sources, but it is more likely entertainment media.Key words : Communication Behavior, Food Security, Housewife
Achieving the Global Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ntim Quality , Amuzu Evans Xorse , Ansong Daniel 
Published: April 2018

In the year 2000, the Millenium Development Goals were the talk of many. The MDGs targeted key issues such as poverty, hunger, primary education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, environmental sustainability, and global partnership. These global goals were not sufficiently met by sub-Saharan Africa. 15 years down the line the Sustainable Development Goals have been put forward. How can sub-Saharan Africa achieve these goals.
The influence of cerebrospinal fluid on blood coagulation and the implications for ventriculovenous shunting
Authors: Vandersteene Jelle , Baert Edward , Planckaert Guillaume M. J. , Van Den Berghe Thomas , Van Roost Dirk , Dewaele Frank , Henrotte Michaël D. M. , De Somer Filip 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE
The effect of CSF on blood coagulation is not known. Enhanced coagulation by CSF may be an issue in thrombotic complications of ventriculoatrial and ventriculosinus shunts. This study aimed to assess the effect of CSF on coagulation and its potential effect on thrombotic events affecting ventriculovenous shunts.

METHODS
Two complementary experiments were performed. In a static experiment, the effect on coagulation of different CSF mixtures was evaluated using a viscoelastic coagulation monitor. A dynamic experiment confirmed the amount of clot formation on the shunt surface in a roller pump model.

RESULTS
CSF concentrations of 9% and higher significantly decreased the activated clotting time (ACT; 164.9 seconds at 0% CSF, 155.6 seconds at 9% CSF, and 145.1 seconds at 32% CSF). Increased clot rates (CRs) were observed starting at a concentration of 5% (29.3 U/min at 0% CSF, 31.6 U/min at 5% CSF, and 35.3 U/min at 32% CSF). The roller pump model showed a significantly greater percentage of shunt surface covered with deposits when the shunts were infused with CSF rather than Ringer’s lactate solution (90% vs 63%). The amount of clot formation at the side facing the blood flow (impact side) tended to be lower than that at the side facing away from the blood flow (wake side; 71% vs 86%).

CONCLUSIONS
Addition of CSF to blood accelerates coagulation. The CSF-blood–foreign material interaction promotes clot formation, which might result in thrombotic shunt complications. Further development of the ventriculovenous shunt technique should focus on preventing CSF-blood–foreign material interaction and stagnation of CSF in wake zones.
Les pôles de compétitivité wallons
Authors: Dujardin Claire , Louis Virginie , Mayneris Florian 
Published: April 2018

Cet article étudie l’impact de la politique wallonne des Pôles de compétitivité sur les performances économiques des entreprises financées. Sont considérés en particulier les effets sur la productivité, l’emploi et les exportations. L’analyse se base sur des micro-données d’entreprises couvrant l’ensemble des entreprises wallonnes et bruxelloises, pour la période 2003-2011. Nous recourons à des doubles et triples différences et à des méthodes de matching afin de solutionner les biais de sélection et de simultanéité. Les résultats suggèrent que, si la politique a bien sélectionné des entreprises plus performantes, elle n’aurait eu d’impact significatif ni sur la productivité, ni sur la valeur des exportations des entreprises bénéficiaires. Par contre, l’entrée dans le dispositif des Pôles coïnciderait avec une légère augmentation de l’emploi des entreprises financées et de leur valeur ajoutée brute l’année d’entrée dans le pôle, ainsi qu’avec une diversification de leur portefeuille de produits exportés.	Classification JEL : C23, R10, R11, R58
Effectiveness of A Multicomponent School Based Intervention to Reduce Bullying among Adolescents in Chandigarh, North India: A Quasi-Experimental Study Protocol
Authors: Rana Monica , Gupta Madhu , Malhi Prahbhjot , Grover Sandeep , Kaur Manmeet 
Published: April 2018

Background Bullying perpetration and victimization is associated with significant academic, psychosocial and health related problems among adolescents. There is a need to develop effective interventions to prevent bullying among adolescents, especially in low and middle income countries. This paper presents the study protocol to develop, and evaluate the effect of multi-component school based prevention program for bullying in India. Design Quasi-experimental study. Methods The study will be conducted among 846 students of grade 7th and 8th in the intervention and control schools in Chandigarh, Union Territory, North India. A government and a private school will be selected purposively in each of the intervention and control arm. The intervention is based on socio-ecological model, and will be administered at individual, relationship (parents and teachers) and school level. The primary study outcome will be the proportion of students experiencing any kind of bullying (bullying, victimization, or both), in each study arm. The effectiveness of the intervention will be measured by performing difference in difference analysis and generalized estimating equations. Expected impact for public health Bullying is an aggressive behaviour with significant morbidities, including psychological or physical trauma, affecting individuals not only in their adolescence, but also later in their adulthood. This quasi-experimental study is expected to provide evidence on whether multi-component bullying prevention intervention program, can reduce the burden of bullying perpetration and victimization among school adolescents in India. The results of the study will add in the exiting literature on bullying intervention program, especially, from the low middle-income countries, as there are limited studies available on this topic in these countries.
Influence of micronization on the physical properties of salbutamol sulfate as a model drug used in dry powder inhalation
Authors: Boshhiha Antesar , Urbanetz Nora 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Investigation of the crystallinity of salbutamol sulfate a model drug used in the dry powder inhalation formulation. Materials and Methods: Salbutamol sulfate was supplied kindly by Lindopharm (Hilden, Germany). Salbutamol sulfate was milled using an air jet milling process, the particle size and morphology were determined using laser diffraction and the scanning electron microscopy. The drug was subjected to conditioning through storage at 52.8% and 75% relative humidity for 24 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks, respectively. The drug crystallinity was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, and water vapor sorption techniques. Results and Discussion: Conditioning of salbutamol sulfate after micronization lowers the glass transition (Tg) temperature of the amorphous parts present at particle surface, which enhances particle mobility for more rearrangement associated with water expelling. This transformation may result in deviation from the original particle size obtained after milling out of respirable range. DSC and X-ray diffraction show no detectable amorphous drug since no detectable Tg observed. Alternatively, water vapor sorption shows a small amount of amorphous salbutamol sulfate at the particle surface, which recrystallizes at 52.8% relative humidity after approximately 2 weeks of conditioning. Conclusion: The amorphous regions can be generated in crystalline materials during processing. The level of amorphous materials can affect every step of pharmaceutical formulation, storage, and stability. However, quantification of low levels of amorphous content still poses considerable challenge. This study confirms that, the water vapor sorption technique is useful in the quantification of a small amount of drug amorphous content.
Local Shtukas and Divisible Local Anderson Modules
Authors: Hartl Urs , Singh Rajneesh Kumar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe develop the analog of crystalline Dieudonné theory for$p$-divisible groups in the arithmetic of function fields. In our theory$p$-divisible groups are replaced by divisible local Anderson modules, and Dieudonné modules are replaced by local shtukas. We show that the categories of divisible local Anderson modules and of effective local shtukas are anti-equivalent over arbitrary base schemes. We also clarify their relation with formal Lie groups and with global objects like Drinfeld modules, Anderson’s abelian$t$-modules and$t$-motives, and Drinfeld shtukas. Moreover, we discuss the existence of a Verschiebung map and apply it to deformations of local shtukas and divisible local Anderson modules. As a tool we use Faltings’s and Abrashkin’s theories of strict modules, which we review briefly.
Conjoint Analysis: An Innovative Approach for Sunk Cost Prevention in PPP Contracts
Authors: Sobiech-Grabka Katarzyna G. 
Published: April 2018

The preparation stage of PPPs is crucial in order to avoid unsuccessful negotiations that lead to sunk costs. The key to successful negotiations is to construct an effective contract reconciling the differing interests of all parties. Therefore, identification of the most important features of the project from both partners’ points of view is extremely important to ultimately conclude the negotiations successfully. The purpose of the study is to test and assess the usefulness of an innovatively adapted conjoint analysis method aimed at identifying the preferences of both partners involved in PPP.
Algorithm theoretical baseline for formaldehyde retrievals from S5P TROPOMI and from the QA4ECV project
Authors: De Smedt Isabelle , Theys Nicolas , Yu Huan , Danckaert Thomas , Lerot Christophe , Compernolle Steven , Van Roozendael Michel , Richter Andreas , Hilboll Andreas , Peters Enno , Pedergnana Mattia , Loyola Diego , Beirle Steffen , Wagner Thomas , Eskes Henk , van Geffen Jos , Boersma Klaas Folkert , Veefkind Pepijn 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. On board the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) platform, the
TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is a double-channel,
nadir-viewing grating spectrometer measuring solar back-scattered earthshine
radiances in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared
with global daily coverage. In the ultraviolet range, its spectral resolution
and radiometric performance are equivalent to those of its predecessor OMI,
but its horizontal resolution at true nadir is improved by an order of
magnitude. This paper introduces the formaldehyde (HCHO) tropospheric
vertical column retrieval algorithm implemented in the S5P operational
processor and comprehensively describes its various retrieval steps.
Furthermore, algorithmic improvements developed in the framework of the EU
FP7-project QA4ECV are described for future updates of the processor.
Detailed error estimates are discussed in the light of Copernicus user
requirements and needs for validation are highlighted. Finally, verification
results based on the application of the algorithm to OMI measurements are
presented, demonstrating the performances expected for TROPOMI.
Implementation of electrochemical, optical and denuder-based sensors and sampling techniques on UAV for volcanic gas measurements: examples from Masaya, Turrialba and Stromboli volcanoes
Authors: Rüdiger Julian , Tirpitz Jan-Lukas , de Moor J. Maarten , Bobrowski Nicole , Gutmann Alexandra , Liuzzo Marco , Ibarra Martha , Hoffmann Thorsten 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Volcanoes are a natural source of several reactive gases (e.g.,
sulfur and halogen containing species) and nonreactive gases (e.g.,
carbon dioxide) to the atmosphere. The relative abundance of carbon and
sulfur in volcanic gas as well as the total sulfur dioxide emission rate from
a volcanic vent are established parameters in current volcano-monitoring
strategies, and they oftentimes allow insights into subsurface processes.
However, chemical reactions involving halogens are thought to have
local to regional impact on the atmospheric chemistry around passively
degassing volcanoes. In this study we demonstrate the successful deployment
of a multirotor UAV (quadcopter) system with custom-made lightweight payloads
for the compositional analysis and gas flux estimation of volcanic plumes.
The various applications and their potential are presented and discussed in
example studies at three volcanoes encompassing flight heights of 450 to
3300 m and various states of volcanic activity. Field applications were
performed at Stromboli volcano (Italy), Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica) and
Masaya volcano (Nicaragua). Two in situ gas-measuring systems adapted for
autonomous airborne measurements, based on electrochemical and optical
detection principles, as well as an airborne sampling unit, are introduced.
We show volcanic gas composition results including abundances of CO2,
SO2 and halogen species. The new instrumental setups were compared with
established instruments during ground-based measurements at Masaya volcano,
which resulted in CO2 ∕ SO2 ratios of 3.6 ± 0.4. For
total SO2 flux estimations a small differential optical absorption
spectroscopy (DOAS) system measured SO2 column amounts on transversal
flights below the plume at Turrialba volcano, giving
1776 ± 1108 T d−1 and 1616 ± 1007 T d−1 of SO2
during two traverses. At Stromboli volcano, elevated CO2 ∕ SO2
ratios were observed at spatial and temporal proximity to explosions by
airborne in situ measurements. Reactive bromine to sulfur ratios of
0.19 × 10−4 to 9.8 × 10−4 were measured in situ
in the plume of Stromboli volcano, downwind of the vent.