bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling membrane thermoregulation strategies in marine picocyanobacteria
Authors: Breton Solène , Jouhet Juliette , Guyet Ulysse , Gros Valérie , Pittera Justine , Demory David , Partensky Frédéric , Doré Hugo , Ratin Morgane , Maréchal Eric , Nguyen Ngoc An , Garczarek Laurence , Six Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Summary

The wide latitudinal distribution of marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria partly relies on the differentiation of lineages adapted to distinct thermal environments. Membranes are highly thermosensitive cell components, and the ability to modulate their fluidity can be critical for the fitness of an ecotype in a particular thermal niche.

We compared the thermophysiology of Synechococcus strains representative of major temperature ecotypes in the field. We measured growth, photosynthetic capacities and membrane lipidome variations. We carried out a metagenomic analysis of stations of the Tara Oceans expedition to describe the latitudinal distribution of the lipid desaturase genes in the oceans.

All strains maintained efficient photosynthetic capacities over their different temperature growth ranges. Subpolar and cold temperate strains showed enhanced capacities for lipid monodesaturation at low temperature thanks to an additional, poorly regiospecific Δ9‐desaturase. By contrast, tropical and warm temperate strains displayed moderate monodesaturation capacities but high proportions of double unsaturations in response to cold, thanks to regiospecific Δ12‐desaturases. The desaturase genes displayed specific distributions directly related to latitudinal variations in ocean surface temperature.

This study highlights the critical importance of membrane fluidity modulation by desaturases in the adaptive strategies of Synechococcus cyanobacteria during the colonization of novel thermal niches.
The elephant in the room: understanding the pathogenesis of Charles Bonnet syndrome
Authors: Carpenter Kilda , Jolly Jasleen K , Bridge Holly 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeCharles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a syndrome characterised by complex visual hallucinations in individuals who are cognitively normal, though often elderly and visually impaired. Although first described over 250 years ago, the condition remains poorly understood and difficult to treat.Recent findingsOur understanding of CBS pathogenesis has advanced little since it was first described, and much of the recent literature consists of case studies strikingly similar to the first published account of CBS. However, imaging studies have provided some indication as to the cortical areas implicated in the genesis of complex visual hallucinations, and the existence of similar hallucinatory syndromes in other sensory modalities suggests a common underlying mechanism.SummaryThis review begins by describing what is currently known about CBS, focusing on epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis. It then explores potential starting points for better understanding the pathogenesis of CBS, namely the existence of similar conditions in other sensory modalities and the reproduction of complex visual hallucinations in sensory deprivation scenarios. Finally, it discusses how CBS should be approached in clinical practice.
Cut‐point‐free accelerometer metrics to assess children’s physical activity: An example using the school day
Authors: Fairclough Stuart J. , Rowlands Alex V. , Taylor Sarah , Boddy Lynne M. 
Published: October 2019

The aims were to (a) investigate associations between a novel accelerometer metric: the minimum acceleration value above which the most active 30‐minutes were accumulated during the school day (M30ACC), and health indicators, and (b) demonstrate that applying an equivalent cut‐point to the M30ACC metric gives comparable prevalence results as a moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) cut‐point approach. Two hundred and ninety‐six children (age 9‐10‐years) wore wrist‐mounted accelerometers for 7‐days. School day MVPA and M30ACC were calculated. Body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were also measured. Mixed linear models investigated associations between M30ACC and health indicators. Agreement between ranked MVPA and M30ACC values was assessed using percent agreement, kappa, sensitivity, and specificity statistics. M30ACC thresholds associated with health indicators were 213 mg (BMI), 206 mg (WHtR), and 269 mg (CRF) for girls. The equivalent values for boys were 234 mg (BMI), 230 mg (WHtR), and 327 mg (CRF). Less than half of girls and 75% of boys accumulated 30 minutes of school day MVPA. Just <50% of girls and >80% of boys had M30ACC values ≥200 mg, which is equivalent to brisk walking. Agreement between MVPA and M30ACC tertiles was high, reflected by the sensitivity and specificity values of >90%. Results demonstrate the utility of M30ACC as a PA metric that is not heavily influenced by researcher decisions. M30ACC has potential as an accelerometer‐specific metric for generating PA guidelines related to health indicators and easily understood forms of activity such as brisk walking.
Physical health and symptoms of relative energy deficiency in female fitness athletes
Authors: Mathisen Therese Fostervold , Heia Josefine , Raustøl Marius , Sandeggen Mari , Fjellestad Ingrid , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionCompeting in aesthetic sports increases the risk of low energy availability and associated health impairments. Fitness physique sport is a popular, but understudied aesthetic sport. We evaluated health and symptoms of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED‐s) in female fitness athletes (FA) and female references (FR) during a competitive season.MethodsTotally, 25 FA and 26 FR, mean (SD) age of 28.9 (5.7), were included. Assessments were at baseline (T1), 2‐weeks pre‐competition (T2), and 1‐month post‐competition (T3), by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan, indirect calorimetry, diet registration, The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire, The Beck Depression Inventory, and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q).ResultsA history of eating disorders was reported by 35% FA and 12% FR. There were no between‐group differences at T1, besides less mean (99% CI) fat mass (FM) of 3.1 kg (−0.4, 6.5) in FA (P = .02). At T2, FA had lower BW of 6.7 kg (−12.0, −1.3), fat mass of −9.0 kg (−12.5, −5.5), and resting heart rate of −8.0 beats per minute (−14.5, −1.5) compared to FR (P ≤ .006). FA reduced resting metabolic rate by −191 kcal (−11, −371) and increased symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) by 1.4 points (0.3, 2.5) and prevalence of amenorrhea from 8% to 24%, (P < .003). At T3, there was a between‐group difference in fat mass, and a high number of FA with amenorrhea and GD.ConclusionManifestation of symptoms of RED‐s, some with persistence one‐month post‐competition, raises concern for the health of FA and those complying with the fit body ideal.
RADIATION RISK ESTIMATION FROM OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL IMAGING EXPOSURE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Yahaya S.R. , Hassim Mimi H. 
Published: October 2019

Ionizing radiation has been increasingly applied in medicine and firmly established as an essential tool for diagnosis. There is high possibility for medical radiation workers to receive doses that are considerably higher than recorded by their dosimeters due to lack of knowledge about ionizing radiation, lack of training in radiation protection, and attitude of the workers themselves toward radiation protection. The purpose of this study is to estimate the radiation risk due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation among medical diagnostic workers at hospitals in Malaysia. Also the objective is to determine the knowledge of occupational radiation exposure and radiation safety among the workers. The assessment was made based on the collective doses collected from film badge of the workers. The results of risk assessment show the mean annual collective effective dose based on type of X-ray procedure in this study was 5.445mSv, which is much lower compared to the whole body exposure dose limit, set by the ICRP Publication 60. A survey on knowledge of occupational radiation exposure and radiation safety was conducted using questionnaire and it was found that vast majority of respondents were aware of radiation safety with 91.3% answered the specific questions regarding radiation protection at workplace correctly. Unfortunately only 30.4% of the respondents fully understand the hazard they are exposed to. The study reveals that there is a critical need to educate not only medical radiation workers but also medical doctors and nurses to decrease unnecessary occupational exposure to radiation hazard.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIAL ZONE FOR NONORGANIC SOLID WASTE IN FINAL DISPOSAL IN MANGGAR, BALIKPAPAN, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Pramiati Pramiati , Indrawati Dwi , Permata Sari Lin 
Published: October 2019

Various problems in solid waste management are covered, among others concerning nonorganic solid waste deposited in Final Disposal. The generation volume amounting to 330,01 tons/day. The solid waste disposal consists of 66% organic and 34% nonorganic. To develop Final Disposal Manggar, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, one special zone is planned to accommodate nonorganic solid waste. The landfill method for sanitary landfill is covering total area of 25 ha of Final Disposal. The feasibility calculation of the Final Disposal based on Le Grand Method. The original design for three landfill zones in Final Disposal Manggar was specified only for nonorganic waste, however, the plan will be made in 2 alternatives i.e. alternative 1 with separate system and alternative 2 with combined organic and nonorganic waste processing. Based on the calculation of the area totalling 17261,2 m2, the productivity period of zone 3 (three) in alternative 1 is 2 years and 5 months. As for alternative 2 the generate combined waste, except waste from market place with a density of 290 kg/m3 for 2014, which make the solid waste generation 438 m3/day, the productivity period of the combined system is 385 days.
THE SCHUR MULTIPLIER OF PAIRS OF NONABELIAN GROUPS OF ORDER P4
Authors: Afifi Nawi Adnin , Mohd Ali Nor Muhainiah , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Rashid Samad 
Published: October 2019

Let (G,N) be a pair of groups where G is any group and N is a normal subgroup of G, then the Schur multiplier of pairs of groups is a functorial abelian group. The notion of the Schur multiplier of pairs of groups is an extension from the Schur multiplier of a group G. In this research, the Schur multiplier of pairs of finite nonabelian groups of order p4, where p is an odd prime, is determined.
MODELLING THE PREDICTION OF DENGUE OUTBREAK USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH
Authors: Jaafar Ibnu Affan , Zainal Abidin Norhaslinda , Mohd Jamil Jastini 
Published: October 2019

Dengue virus had become the dominant mosquito-borne disease in Malaysia. With no positive progress on the development of vaccine, other ways in dealing with the virus is to predict the next outbreak which is also the aim of this paper. This dengue model based on system dynamics approach gives valuable information to decision makers in determining the strategies for vector control. The array of factors involved such as temperature, rainfall and population density that significantly influence virus transmission, give opportunity for a system approach in providing answer to the complicated relationship which exist in dengue system. System dynamics dengue model is able to simulate reasonable and promising results, which can be used as basis for future researcher to model more accurate and detail dengue transmission control system.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE SKIN SECRETIONS OF MALAYSIAN FROGS
Authors: A. Rahman Zainon , Foong Abdullah Mohamad Faiz , Wan Azmi Wan Mohamad Syahmin , Abdul-Aziz Aziyah 
Published: October 2019

Bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial properties in frogs are parts of the animal defense against microbial infections. The lyophilized frog’s skin secretions containing varies bioactive compounds were subjected to screen for their antimicrobial activity. This study was conducted as part of an effort on the search of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) profiles of Malaysian frogs. The results indicate the collected frog skin secretion has antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. BLAST and standard phylogenetics were used to establish a preliminary identity of the frog samples.
A 35,000 yr fire history from the Oregon Coast Range, USA
Authors: Long Colin J. , Power Mitchell J. , Grigg Laurie D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We extend a published 9000 yr fire history record from Little Lake, in the Oregon Coast Range, to 35,000 yr and compare it with the established pollen record from the site. The fire history is based on a high-resolution analysis of charcoal preserved in lake sediments, providing a fire history record that spans the Last Glacial Maximum in North America. The data enabled us to address questions regarding the interactions between large-scale climate changes associated with the shift from glacial to interglacial conditions and the accompanying changes in forest vegetation and fire regimes. The vegetation history indicates a change from open subalpine forests to closed western hemlock and Douglas fir forests as climate moved from cold and dry full glacial to warm and wet Holocene conditions. The fire history indicates that although there was more biomass burned in the Holocene, the frequency of fires between glacial and interglacial conditions was not significantly different, and the fire frequency did not change in concert with regional shifts in vegetation. This suggests that fire is a product of seasonal or multiyear variations in climate that may not cause significant shifts in vegetation. Also, as this short-term climate variability becomes more common in the near future, conditions for fires in these mesic forests may become more common as well.
Records of late Quaternary environmental change from high-elevation lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range, Nevada
Authors: Munroe* Jeffrey S. , Bigl Matthew F. , Silverman Annika E. , Laabs Benjamin J.C. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Sedimentary records were analyzed from three lakes in the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range of northeastern Nevada. Lakes are rare in the arid Great Basin, and these represent the highest-elevation lacustrine records from this region. The three cores cover overlapping time intervals: One, from a lake located just beyond a moraine, is interpreted to represent the Last Glacial Maximum, extending back to 26 cal ka; another extends to deglaciation ca. 14 cal ka; and the third extends to deposition of the Mazama ash, ca. 7.7 cal ka. Multiproxy analysis focused on measurements of bulk density, organic matter content, C:N ratio, biogenic silica abundance, and grain-size distribution. Depth-age models were developed using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, along with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating of terrestrial macrofossils (wood and conifer needles), charcoal, and pollen concentrates (for deep sediment in one lake). Collectively, the three lakes record a series of discrete intervals spanning an unusually long stretch of time. These include the local Last Glacial Maximum (26.0–18.5 cal ka), local deglaciation (18.5–13.8 cal ka), the onset of biologic productivity (13.8–11.3 cal ka), early Holocene aridity (11.3–7.8 cal ka), deposition and reworking of the Mazama ash (7.8–5.5 cal ka), a neopluvial interval (5.5–3.8 cal ka), a variable late Holocene climate (3.8–0.25 cal ka), and a latest Holocene productivity spike (250 yr B.P. to the present) that may be anthropogenic. Data from all three lakes are presented, and the collective record of climate and environmental change for the Ruby Mountains and East Humboldt Range is compared with other paleorecords from the Great Basin.
Geomorphic controls on sedimentation in Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, eastern Great Basin
Authors: (Jack) Oviatt* Charles G. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The most common and widespread sedimentary facies of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, in the eastern Great Basin of North America, is marl, which consists of a mixture of fine-grained endogenic calcium carbonate that precipitated in the epilimnion of the lake and then settled onto the lake floor and mixed with fine-grained clastic sediments. Primary sources of clastic sediment were inflowing rivers, wave activity in shore zones, and ice rafting. The thickness of deposits in cores and outcrops is largely dependent on the proportion of clastic sediment, although the rate of endogenic calcium carbonate precipitation probably also varied temporally and spatially. Net sediment-accumulation rate in the marl, as measured in outcrops and cores, ranges from a low of 4 cm/1000 yr, in the middle of the lake basin far from sources of clastic input, to over 100 cm/1000 yr near clastic-sediment sources.
Underflow deposits, derived from higher-density river water loaded with suspended sediment, are thick and extensive near the mouths of major rivers that drained glaciated mountains. Net sediment-accumulation rates in suspended-load underflow deposits were much greater than those in contemporaneously deposited marl. The largest underflow-sediment accumulations, which have a fan shape in plan view, have been referred to as deltas (as at the mouths of the Sevier, Provo, Weber, and Bear Rivers). True Gilbert-type deltas composed of gravel, with topset, foreset, and bottomset beds, are uncommon in the basin.
Variability in the sedimentary characteristics of the Bonneville deposits is determined by geomorphic factors, such as wave energy, composition of surficial material in the shore zone (e.g., resistant bedrock vs. unconsolidated alluvium), slope, and proximity to river mouths and active shore zones.
Characteristics of landslide-formed lakes of central Idaho: High-resolution archives of watershed productivity and clastic sediment delivery
Authors: Shapley Mark D. , Finney Bruce P. , Krueger Charles R. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Failure-prone Cenozoic volcanic rocks distributed across central Idaho, USA, promote large landslides, consequent drainage impoundment, and the formation of regionally asynchronous landslide-dammed lakes. Examination of sedimentary records shows that extant lakes formed in this way exhibit high primary productivity relative to other lakes in the region, apparently sustained through relatively elevated watershed phosphorous loading and the contribution of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The resulting high rates of sediment and carbon accumulation exceed those found in regional lakes formed by other processes and underlain by other bedrock lithologies lower in phosphorous. These unusually high biogenic sediment accumulation rates produce highly resolved, often annually laminated sedimentary sequences. The result is a high-resolution temporal matrix for the runoff-intensity signal of episodically delivered, watershed-derived clastic sediment. Elemental analysis by core-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) effectively highlights these clastic pulses, and spectral analysis of lithogenic elemental intensities indicates they carry spectral power (including significant harmonic signals) concentrated in the 3–5 yr period. Patterns shown by episodic sediment delivery events support winter snowpack as a modulator of late Holocene sediment export from these watersheds.
Geomorphic and sedimentologic evidence for pluvial Lake Carrizo, San Luis Obispo County, California
Authors: Rhodes Dallas D. , Negrini Robert M. , Arrowsmith J Ramon , Wigand Peter E. , Forman Steven L. , Palacios-Fest Manuel R. , Davis Owen K. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Carrizo Plain, the only closed basin in California’s Southern Coast Ranges, preserves landforms and deposits that record both climate change and tectonic activity. An extensive system of clay dunes documents the elevations of late Pleistocene and Holocene pans. Clay dune elevations, drowned shorelines, eroded anticlinal ridges, and zones of perturbed soil chemistry provide evidence of two lake levels higher than today’s (currently 581 m above sea level [masl]), one at ~591 masl at ca. 20 ka and another at ~585 masl that existed at ca. 10 ka, based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates on clay dune sediment. Two cores from the abandoned floor of the lake provide additional evidence of a long-lived lake in the Carrizo Plain during the late Pleistocene. The longer of the two cores (~42 m) was sampled for palynology, environmental magnetism, and scanning electron microscope–petrography. The magnetic susceptibility signal contains two notable features corresponding to sedimentary materials consistent with reducing conditions. The higher of these features occurs near the surface, and the lower occurs at ~18 m depth. A 14C date on charcoal from the upper reduced zone places the top of this zone at no older than 22.6–20.9 cal ka. This date is consistent with the OSL date on geomorphic features associated with a highstand above ~591 masl. Assuming that reducing conditions correspond to at least a few meters’ depth of relatively fresh water, the new 14C date suggests that the upper reduced zone represents a marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 pluvial maximum lake in the Carrizo Plain. Pollen and ostracodes from the reduced sediments indicate a wetter and cooler climate than today. These conditions would have been capable of sustaining a lake with water much less saline than that of the modern lake. The timing of the oldest documented highstand (no later than 20 ka) is consistent with a modified jet stream migration model and is not consistent with a tropical incursion model. Northeast-to-southwest asymmetry across the lake floor may be consistent with southwestward tilting driven by Coast Range shortening normal to the San Andreas fault, as is seen throughout the region.