bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring prenatal genetic counselors' perceptions of abortion laws in restrictive states
Authors: Koenig Shelby , Simi Eve , Goldenberg Aaron , Magasi Susan , Wicklund Catherine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn many states, abortion laws are becoming increasingly restrictive. Prenatal genetic counselors often see patients after the diagnosis of a fetal abnormality or genetic disorder and discuss the option of termination of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to understand prenatal genetic counselors' perspectives on how state abortion laws impact their practice. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 prenatal genetic counselors in states with restrictive abortion laws who were recruited from the National Society of Genetic Counselors' online directory. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed thematically, yielding five themes: genetic counselors in this study described (a) how state laws restrict access to abortion; (b) how they navigate state laws and institutional policies regarding abortion; (c) how they tailor their professional practice in the context of state abortion laws; (d) how abortion laws burden patients; and (e) how they engage in forms of advocacy. Participants described the financial and emotional burden placed on their patients by state abortion laws and how the laws influence their patient interactions. As access to abortion becomes more restricted, it is important to be aware of how this will impact genetic counselors and their patients.
Influenza surveillance during the 2009‐2010, 2010‐2011, 2011‐2012, and 2012‐2013 seasons in Algeria
Authors: Derrar Fawzi , Voirin Nicolas , Khanafer Nagham , Izri Kahéna , Gradi El‐Aalia , Aitaissa Assia , Hadjal Baya , Mehdi Zahida , Bouzeghoub Salima 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report the activity and circulation of influenza viruses in Algeria during four influenza seasons, from a national surveillance study carried out from 2009‐2010 to 2012‐2013. A total of 2766 samples from in‐ and outpatients, with no age restriction, were collected. The overall proportion of specimens that tested influenza positive was 46.0%. Overall, 96.6% of influenza A viruses were subtyped, and A/H1 subtypes accounted for 57.3% of influenza A viruses. Influenza A/H1 and A/H3 virus subtypes cocirculated in 2009‐2010. In 2010‐2011, a high proportion of type B viruses (66.2%) was observed. The subtype H3N2 was identified in 99% of cases typed in 2011‐2012. Influenza A/H3N2 and B virus cocirculated in 2012‐2013. A remarkably low influenza vaccination rate of 2.4% was observed among all age groups. Antibiotics were prescribed for 926 (41.3%) patients, and no difference was observed between patients with confirmed influenza and patients with influenza‐like illness not related to influenza. The burden of influenza is largely undocumented in Algeria and strategies to expand this surveillance across the country are needed. Strategies to increase vaccination coverage are warranted to control and prevent influenza in individuals at risk of complications as well as in the general population.
In vivo arthrometer measurements of mechanical ankle instability—A systematic review
Authors: Wenning Markus , Lohrer Heinz , Gollhofer Albert , Gehring Dominic 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTChronic ankle instability is caused by functional and/or mechanical deficits. To differentiate the two entities, mechanical ankle instability can be assessed using arthrometers. The measurement of mechanical instability is essential, since it can only be addressed surgically. The aim of this systematic literature review was to find out whether chronic mechanical ankle instability could be adequately and objectively assessed using in vivo arthrometer measurements. Articles were included if the main focus was to evaluate the contribution of mechanical deficits to chronic ankle instability and if they provided sufficient description of the device used. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA‐recommendations. Initially 47 articles were screened for eligibility, of which 33 studies reporting 10 different devices were included. While the reliability of the measurements was mostly good to excellent, only two studies aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of their results in regard to chronic ankle instability. Several devices reported conflicting results about mechanical deficits. In summary, this systematic review reveals a substantial deficit in diagnostic accuracy when assessing mechanical ankle instability in a clinical setting. Biases in recruiting and classification of participants raise the question whether the two entities of functional and mechanical ankle instability are properly defined. Clinical Significance: In recent years, this may have led to a misinterpretation of mechanical deficits and the subsequent need for surgical intervention. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Essential Fatty Acid Requirements and Intravenous Lipid Emulsions
Authors: Gramlich Leah , Ireton‐Jones Carol , Miles John M. , Morrison Maya , Pontes‐Arruda Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLinoleic acid (LA) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA) must be supplied to the human body and are therefore considered essential fatty acids. This narrative review discusses the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). EFAD may occur in patients with conditions that severely limit the intake, digestion, absorption, and/or metabolism of fat. EFAD may be prevented in patients requiring parenteral nutrition by inclusion of an intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) as a source of LA and ALA. Early ILEs consisted solely of soybean oil (SO), a good source of LA and ALA, but being rich in LA may promote the production of proinflammatory fatty acids. Subsequent ILE formulations replaced part of the SO with other fat sources to decrease the amount of proinflammatory fatty acids. Although rare, EFAD is diagnosed by an elevated triene:tetraene (T:T) ratio, which reflects increased metabolism of oleic acid to Mead acid in the absence of adequate LA and ALA. Assays for measuring fatty acids have improved over the years, and therefore it is necessary to take into account the particular assay used and its reference range when determining if the T:T ratio indicates EFAD. In patients with a high degree of suspicion for EFAD, obtaining a fatty acid profile may provide additional useful information for making a diagnosis of EFAD. In patients receiving an ILE, the T:T ratio and fatty acid profile should be interpreted in light of the fatty acid composition of the ILE to ensure accurate diagnosis of EFAD.
Effects of part and whole straw returning on soil carbon sequestration in C3–C4 rotation cropland
Authors: Liu Zhen , Gao Tianping , Liu Wentao , Sun Kai , Xin Yanni , Liu Hongjian , Wang Shengzhao , Li Geng , Han Huifang , Li, Zengjia , Ning Tangyuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLong‐term no‐tillage management and crop residue amendments to soil were identified as an effective measure to increase soil organic carbon (SOC). The SOC content, SOC stock (SOCs), soil carbon sequestration rate (CSR), and carbon pool management index (CPMI) were measured. A stable isotopic approach was used to evaluate the contributions of wheat and maize residues to SOC at a long‐term experimental site. We hypothesized that under no‐tillage conditions, straw retention quantity would affect soil carbon sequestration differently in surface and deep soil, and the contribution of C3 and C4 crops to soil carbon sequestration would be different. This study involved four maize straw returning treatments, which included no maize straw returning (NT‐0), 0.5 m (from the soil surface) maize straw returning (NT‐0.5), 1 m maize straw returning (NT‐1), and whole maize straw returning (NT‐W). The results showed that in the 0–20 cm soil layer, the SOC content, SOCs, CSR and CPMI of the NT‐W were highest after 14 years of no‐tillage management, and there were obvious differences among the four treatments. However, the SOC, SOCs, and CSR of the NT‐0.5 and NT‐W were the highest and lowest in 20–100 cm, respectively. The value of δ13C showed an obviously vertical variability that ranged from –22.01‰ (NT‐1) in the 0–20 cm layer to –18.27‰ (NT‐0.5) in the 60–80 cm layer, with enriched δ13C in the 60–80 cm (NT‐0.5 and NT‐1) and 80–100 cm (NT‐0 and NT‐W) layers. The contributions of the wheat and maize‐derived SOC of the NT‐0.5, NT‐1 and NT‐W increased by 11.4, 29.5 and 56.3% and by 10.7, 15.1 and 40.1%, relative to those in the NT‐0 treatment in the 0–20 cm soil layer, respectively. In conclusion, there was no apparent difference in total SOC sequestration between the NT‐0.5, NT‐1, and NT‐W treatments in the 0–100 cm soil layer. The contribution of wheat‐derived SOC was higher than that of maize‐derived SOC.
Insights into the development of grapefruit nutraceutical powder by spray drying: physical characterization, chemical composition and 3D intestinal permeability
Authors: González Freddy , García‐Martínez Eva , del Mar Camacho María , Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria , Sarmento Bruno , Fernandes Iva , Freitas Victor , Rodrigues Francisca , Oliveira Beatriz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of functional and nutraceutical foods comes from a greater awareness of the relationship between food and health by consumers. In recent years, the idea of purifying and encapsulating bioactive compounds through techniques such as spray drying has been well received by the food industry. The development and characterization of a grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) nutraceutical powder obtained by spray drying is of great interest owing to the different bioactive compounds and the potential health effects.RESULTSThe grapefruit powder was characterized by a low water amount (1.5 g water per 100 g powder) and a high porosity (75%). The color parameters were L* = 80.0 ± 1.8, hab* = 61.7 ± 0.4 and Cab* = 11.4 ± 0.6. The IC50 values determined for the freeze‐dried oxalic acid extract (FDOA) and the freeze‐dried methanol–water extract (FDMW) were 0.48 and 0.72 mg mL−1 respectively, while the total phenolic content (TPC) ranged between 1274 and 1294 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g dry basis (d.b.). Regarding total flavonoid content (TFC), FDOA presented the highest amount (6592 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) per 100 g d.b.). For both extracts, the cell viability in Caco‐2 and HT29‐MTX was above 90% at 100 μg mL−1. The bioavailability of the bioactive compounds was analyzed through a 3D intestinal model. Delphenidin‐3‐glucoside and hesperitin‐7‐O‐glucoside presented a permeation higher than 50%, followed by hesperidin which was close to 30%.CONCLUSIONThis work allows to establish that the formulation of grapefruit powder has great potential as a nutraceutical food, with spray drying being a good alternative technique in the food industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term outcomes of tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis in adults
Authors: Tzelnick Sharon , Hilly Ohad , Vinker Shlomo , Bachar Gideon , Mizrachi Aviram 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThere is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis in the adult population. Several studies have described a reduced number and severity of tonsillitis episodes; however, the impact of tonsillectomy on healthcare burden has yet to be studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of tonsillectomy in the adult population.MethodsA retrospective review of the central database of Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel, between 2003 and 2009 was performed. The study included all adult patients (>18 years) who underwent tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis. Clinical and epidemiological data from 3 years before and after surgery were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 3,701 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 37.4 years, and 42.9% were males. Following surgery, there was a significant decrease in the total number of tonsillitis episodes, otolaryngologist clinic visits, consumption of pertinent antibiotics, and respiratory complaints. Moreover, a reduced number of hospitalizations to the otolaryngology department and shorter hospitalization duration were also noted. Although the total number of hospitalizations was unaffected, there was an increase in the number of primary care office visits. Finally, a break‐even time analysis revealed an average of 2.7 years following tonsillectomy.ConclusionTonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis is effective in decreasing the number and severity of tonsillitis episodes and might also have an economic benefit. The impact of tonsillectomy on general health needs to be further evaluated; however, it appears that there is no increase in overall morbidity.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:328–331, 2020
Chemical receptors of the arytenoid: A comparison of human and mouse
Authors: Jetté Marie E. , Clary Matthew S. , Prager Jeremy D. , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe larynx is a highly responsive organ exposed to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Chemicals elicit responses both in intraepithelial nerve fibers and in specialized chemosensory cells, including scattered solitary cells as well as taste cells organized into taste buds. Activation of both chemosensory cells and taste buds in the larynx elicit cough, swallow, or apnea with exposure to sour or bitter substances, and even by water or sweet‐tasting chemicals. In an effort to begin understanding their function, we sought to compare the distribution, density, and types of chemosensory cells and chemoresponsive nerve fibers in laryngeal epithelium of humans and mice.Study DesignAnimal and human laboratory analysis.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry, we identified taste cells and polymodal nociceptive nerve fibers in the arytenoid area of the laryngeal epithelium of the following: 1) infants undergoing supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia, and 2) a cadaveric specimen procured from a 34‐year‐old donor. We then compared these findings to both preweanling and mature mouse tissue.ResultsArytenoid tissue from both human and mouse contained many taste buds containing type II taste cells—bitter, sweet, or umami sensing—which were innervated by nerve fibers expressing P2X3 type adenosine triphosphate receptors. Type III cells (acid responsive) were also present, but they were fewer in human tissue than in equivalent tissue from mice. In both species, the epithelium was densely innervated by free nerve endings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that from a standpoint of chemosensation, human and mouse larynges are biologically similar. This suggests that a murine model can be used effectively in laryngeal chemosensory research.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:423–430, 2020
Phantom odor perception and vascular conditions among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014
Authors: Bainbridge Kathleen E. , Byrd‐Clark Danita 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisPhantom odor perception has been correlated with burden of vascular risk among older adults. We evaluated associations between vascular conditions and phantom odor perception among adults in the United States.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.MethodsCross‐sectional data were collected as part of the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, yielding a nationally representative sample of 7,417 adults aged 40 years and older. Phantom odor perception was defined as report of an unpleasant, bad, or burning odor when nothing is there. Participants reported on vascular conditions including history of stroke. Total cholesterol and glycated hemoglobinwere measured. High blood pressure was ascertained during an examination.ResultsStroke was associated with a 76% greater likelihood of phantom odor perception. Congestive heart failure and angina were associated with three times and 2.8 times the odds of phantom odor perception among adults 40 to 59 years and 60 years and older, respectively. Adults with diagnosed, but controlled, high cholesterol reported phantom odors more frequently than those without high cholesterol. Adults with diagnosed, but controlled, high blood pressure reported phantom odors more frequently than those without high blood pressure. We observed a threefold greater odds of phantom odor perception among adults aged 60 years and older with diabetes, but only among those who use both insulin and oral medications.ConclusionsStroke, angina, congestive heart failure, well‐managed high blood pressure, and well‐managed high cholesterol are associated with phantom odor perception. Vascular or metabolic conditions or their treatments may contribute to reporting of phantom odor perception.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:332–337, 2020
Decoding phonation with artificial intelligence (DeP AI): Proof of concept
Authors: Powell Maria E. , Rodriguez Cancio Marcelino , Young David , Nock William , Abdelmessih Beshoy , Zeller Amy , Perez Morales Irvin , Zhang Peng , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Schmidt Douglas , White Jules , Gelbard Alexander 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveAcoustic analysis of voice has the potential to expedite detection and diagnosis of voice disorders. Applying an image‐based, neural‐network approach to analyzing the acoustic signal may be an effective means for detecting and differentially diagnosing voice disorders. The purpose of this study is to provide a proof‐of‐concept that embedded data within human phonation can be accurately and efficiently decoded with deep learning neural network analysis to differentiate between normal and disordered voices.MethodsAcoustic recordings from 10 vocally‐healthy speakers, as well as 70 patients with one of seven voice disorders (n = 10 per diagnosis), were acquired from a clinical database. Acoustic signals were converted into spectrograms and used to train a convolutional neural network developed with the Keras library. The network architecture was trained separately for each of the seven diagnostic categories. Binary classification tasks (ie, to classify normal vs. disordered) were performed for each of the seven diagnostic categories. All models were validated using the 10‐fold cross‐validation technique.ResultsBinary classification averaged accuracies ranged from 58% to 90%. Models were most accurate in their classification of adductor spasmodic dysphonia, unilateral vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold polyp, polypoid corditis, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Despite a small sample size, these findings are consistent with previously published data utilizing deep neural networks for classification of voice disorders.ConclusionPromising preliminary results support further study of deep neural networks for clinical detection and diagnosis of human voice disorders. Current models should be optimized with a larger sample size.Levels of EvidenceLevel III
Drug penetration enhancement techniques in ablative fractional laser assisted cutaneous delivery of indocyanine green
Authors: Meesters Arne A. , Nieboer Marilin J. , Almasian Mitra , Georgiou Giota , de Rie Menno A. , Verdaasdonk Rudolf M. , Wolkerstorfer Albert 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesTopical drug delivery can be increased by pretreatment of the skin with ablative fractional laser (AFXL). Several physical penetration enhancement techniques have been investigated to further improve AFXL‐assisted drug delivery. This study investigated the influence of three of these techniques, namely massage, acoustic pressure wave treatment, and pressure vacuum alterations (PVP) on the distribution of the fluorescent drug indocyanine green (ICG) at different depths in the skin after topical application on AFXL pretreated skin.Materials and MethodsIn ex vivo human skin, test regions were pretreated with AFXL (10,600 nm, channel depth 300 μm, channel width 120 μm, density 15%). Subsequently, ICG was applied, followed by massage, acoustic pressure wave treatment or PVP. ICG fluorescence intensity (FI) was assessed after 1, 3, and 24 hours at several depths using fluorescence photography.ResultsFI was higher when using enhancement techniques compared to control (AFXL‐only) up to 3 hours application time (P < 0.05). After 3 hours, mean surface FI was highest after acoustic pressure wave treatment (61.5 arbitrary units; AU), followed by massage (57.5AU) and PVP (46.9AU), respectively (for comparison: AFXL‐only 31.6AU, no pretreatment 14.9AU). Comparable or higher FI was achieved already after 1 hour with enhancement techniques compared to 3–24 hours application time without. After 24 hours, no significant differences between enhancement techniques and AFXL‐only were observed (P = 0.31).ConclusionPenetration enhancement techniques, especially acoustic pressure wave treatment and massage, result in improved drug accumulation in AFXL‐pretreated skin and reduce the application time needed. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On‐site rapid detection of antibacterial activity of neutrophils using freeze‐dried bacteria
Authors: Tanabe Koji , Kinoshita Manabu , Nakashima Masahiro , Kariya Koki , Yokokawa Masatoshi , Morimoto Yuji , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImpaired neutrophil functions, and in particular their antibacterial activity, are known to reflect the immunocompromised condition of the host. To investigate the potential for prompt on‐site measurement of this condition, we analysed the antibacterial activity of murine neutrophils by measuring the change in oxygen consumption in a 10 μl sample solution in which bacteria and neutrophils were co‐incubated. A critical point was the use of freeze‐dried Escherichia coli (E. coli), which remarkably facilitated handling because of its ability to be stored at room temperature for extended periods and the ease in which its respiratory activity could be re‐established. This therefore allowed the antibacterial activity of murine neutrophils to be measured following their co‐incubation with E. coli. Indeed, we successfully detected a reduction in the antibacterial activity of murine neutrophils in mice subjected to water‐immersion restraint stress.
Gallotannins and Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 Mitigate High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Inflammation and Induce Biomarkers for Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue in Gnotobiotic Mice
Authors: Fang Chuo , Kim Hyemee , Yanagisawa Lora , Bennett William , Sirven Maritza A. , Alaniz Robert C. , Talcott Stephen T. , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne U. 
Published: March 2019

ScopeIntestinal microbial metabolites from gallotannins (GT), including gallic acid (GA) and pyrogallol (PG), may possess potential anti‐obesogenic properties. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) found in the intestinal microbiome encodes for enzymatic activities that metabolize GT into GA and PG. Anti‐obesogenic activities of orally administered GT in the presence or absence of L. plantarum is examined in gnotobiotic mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).Methods and resultsGerm‐free (GF) C57BL/6J mice are divided into three groups, GF control, GF gavaged with GT, and mice colonized with L. plantarum and gavaged with GT. Compared to the control, GT decreases the expressions of lipogenic genes (e.g., fatty acid synthase (FAS)) in epididymal white adipose tissue and increases thermogenic genes (e.g., nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐like 1 (Nfe2l1)) in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Intestinal colonization with L. plantarum enhances these effects, and mice colonized with L. plantarum exhibit lower levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), leptin and plasma insulin.ConclusionsResults indicate that GT and L. plantarum reduce HFD‐induced inflammation, insulin resistance, and promote thermogenesis in adipose tissue potentially through the activity of GT‐metabolizing bacterial enzymes yielding absorbable bioactive GT metabolites. These findings imply the potential role of prebiotic–probiotic interactions in the prevention of diet‐induced metabolic disorders.