bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay Between Microwave Spectroscopy and X‐ray Diffraction: The Molecular Structure and Large Amplitude Motions of 2,3‐Dimethylanisole
Authors: Ferres Lynn , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Stahl Wolfgang , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo determine the structural properties of 2,3‐dimethylanisole, a multidisciplinary approach was carried out where gas phase rotational spectroscopy recording a spectrum from 2 to 26.5 GHz using a pulsed molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer was combined with solid‐state X‐ray diffraction. Both methods revealed that only one conformer with a planar heavy‐atom structure exists. In the solid state, the packing in the monoclinic space group is P21/n with Z=4. In the gas phase spectrum, torsional splittings due to the internal rotations of two methyl groups attached to the phenyl ring were resolved and analyzed, providing an estimate of the barriers to methyl internal rotation of V3=26.9047(5) and 518.7(12) cm−1 for the methyl groups at the ortho‐ and meta‐position, respectively. The coupling between the two internal rotations is modeled on a two‐dimensional potential energy surface, which was obtained by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory.
Unique p–n Heterostructured Water‐Borne Nanoparticles Exhibiting Impressive Charge‐Separation Ability
Authors: Kim Yu Jin , Lee Byeongdu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ecofriendly synthesis of organic semiconductors with heterojunctions is of interest and requires surfactants to stabilize colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution. The use of conventional surfactants results in p–n heterostructured NPs, in which both p‐ and n‐type semiconductors are phase separated and confined within a core surrounded by the surfactant shell. The performances of these devices, however, are not comparable to those of solid organic semiconductor films. Further efforts are required to understand and control the morphological structure of the nanoparticles to improve their performances. Here, by using a new class of polyethyleneglycol‐based surfactant, PEG‐C60, we synthesized unique p–n heterostructured water‐borne NPs that comprise a p‐type semiconductor core and an n‐type PEG‐C60 shell. We demonstrate that the morphology gives rise to charge separation superior to conventional water‐borne NPs. These PEG‐C60‐based water‐borne NPs can, thus, provide a new paradigm in the current field of water‐based organic semiconductor colloids.
Safeguarding and retrofitting works at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Takht‐e Soleyman, Iran
Authors: Burkert Toralf , Fuchs Christian , Schweinfurth Jörg 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article reports on the works safeguard in 2016 to secure the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Takht‐e Soleyman in the province of West Azerbaijan in the northwest of Iran. The site includes a fire temple and dates back to the sixth century AD. The complex was transformed by the Ilkhanids in the 13th century with extensive repair and building measures. From the 15th century, the complex was abandoned and decayed. In the 1970s, the north wall of the Western Eivan was first secured with steel scaffolding. The Chair of Structural design at the TU Dresden undertook works in 2016 to stabilise the Western Eivan in collaboration with the Iranian cultural heritage organisation (ICHHTO) and with financial support from the cultural maintenance programme of the Federal Foreign Office of Germany. The preliminary investigations until now and the work to the structure planned for 2018 are described below.
Adult neurogenesis in the central olfactory pathway of dendrobranchiate and caridean shrimps: New insights into the evolution of the deutocerebral proliferative system in reptant decapods
Authors: Wittfoth Christin , Harzsch Steffen 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPersistent neurogenesis in the central olfactory pathway characterizes many reptant decapods such as lobsters, crayfish and crabs. In these animals, the deutocerebral proliferative system generates new neurons which integrate into the neuronal network of the first order processing neuropil of the olfactory system, the deutocerebral chemosensory lobes (also called olfactory lobes). However, differences concerning the phenotype and the mechanisms that drive adult neurogenesis were reported in crayfish versus spiny lobsters. While numerous studies have focussed on these mechanisms and regulation of adult neurogenesis, investigations about the phylogenetic distribution are missing. To contribute an evolutionary perspective on adult neurogenesis in decapods, we investigated two representatives of basally diverging lineages, the dendrobranchiate Penaeus vannamei and the caridean Crangon crangon using the thymidine analogue Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as marker for the S phase of cycling cells. Compared to reptant decapods, our results suggest a simpler mechanism of neurogenesis in the adult brain of dendrobranchiate and caridean shrimps. Observed differences in the rate of proliferation and spatial dimensions are suggested to correlate with the complexity of the olfactory system. We assume that a more complex and mitotically more active proliferative system in reptant decapods evolved with the emergence of another processing neuropil, the accessory lobes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018
Rhododendron maximumimpacts seed bank composition and richness followingTsuga canadensisloss in riparian forests
Authors: Cofer Tristan M. , Elliott Katherine J. , Bush Janis K. , Miniat Chelcy F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSouthern Appalachian riparian forests have undergone changes in composition and function from invasive pathogens and pests.Castanea dentatamortality in the 1930s from chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) andTsuga canadensismortality in the 2000s from the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) have led to the expansion and increased growth ofRhododendron maximum, an evergreen subcanopy shrub. A better understanding of seed bank characteristics and the various abiotic and biotic factors that affect the seed bank may be useful in determining the restoration potential of forest communities following invasion‐related disturbances. We compared the seed bank of two deciduous forest types: hardwood forests with a denseR. maximumsubcanopy (hereafter,RR) and hardwood forests withoutR. maximum(hereafter,HWD). We evaluated numerous microenvironmental variables through principal component analysis (PCA) and correlated the derivedPCAaxes scores to seed bank density and richness across forest types. We found that seed bank density was comparable between the forests types; however, seed bank richness was much lower inRRthanHWDand the species composition was dissimilar between forest types. Twenty‐eight of 64 (44%) species in the seed bank ofHWDwere not found in the seed bank ofRR. Species that were represented in both forest types were often found in contrasting densities. Most notably, seed bank densities of several woody species were considerably higher inRR(85%) thanHWD(45%), while herbaceous seed bank density was lower inRR(11%) thanHWD(50%). Mineral soilpH, soil nutrient availability, and soil moisture were lower, and organic soil (Oi + Oe + Oa) depth and mass were greater in theRRthanHWDforest type.PCAcorrelations revealed thatPCA4 (represented by understory density and Oe + Oa phosphorus and carbon/nitrogen ratio) was negatively correlated with total seed bank density.PCA1 (represented by Oe + Oa cations and phosphorus, understory richness, ground‐layer cover, and mineral soilpH) andPCA4 were positively correlated with total seed bank richness. These results suggest that the soil seed bank will not be the primary mode of recruitment to establish a diverse and herbaceous‐rich community if a RR is present.
Microbial decomposers not constrained by climate history along a Mediterranean climate gradient in southern California
Authors: Baker Nameer R. , Khalili Banafshe , Martiny Jennifer B. H. , Allison Steven D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMicrobial decomposers mediate the return of CO2 to the atmosphere by producing extracellular enzymes to degrade complex plant polymers, making plant carbon available for metabolism. Determining if and how these decomposer communities are constrained in their ability to degrade plant litter is necessary for predicting how carbon cycling will be affected by future climate change. We analyzed mass loss, litter chemistry, microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, and enzyme temperature sensitivities in grassland litter transplanted along a Mediterranean climate gradient in southern California. Microbial community composition was manipulated by caging litter within bags made of nylon membrane that prevent microbial immigration. To test whether grassland microbes were constrained by climate history, half of the bags were inoculated with local microbial communities native to each gradient site. We determined that temperature and precipitation likely interact to limit microbial decomposition in the extreme sites along our gradient. Despite their unique climate history, grassland microbial communities were not restricted in their ability to decompose litter under different climate conditions across the gradient, although microbial communities across our gradient may be restricted in their ability to degrade different types of litter. We did find some evidence that local microbial communities were optimized based on climate, but local microbial taxa that proliferated after inoculation into litterbags did not enhance litter decomposition. Our results suggest that microbial community composition does not constrain C‐cycling rates under climate change in our system, but optimization to particular resource environments may act as more general constraints on microbial communities.
Effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation on species coexistence
Authors: Hausch Stephen , Vamosi Steven M. , Fox Jeremy W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntraspecific variation can promote or inhibit species coexistence, both by increasing species’ competitive abilities, and by altering the relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific competition. Effects of intraspecific variation on coexistence can occur via complementarity of different variants, and via a selection effect: initially‐variable populations are more likely to contain highly competitive variants that might determine the ability of the population as a whole to both invade and resist invasion. We tested the effects of intraspecific variation and composition on coexistence by assaying the mutual invasibility of populations of two competing bean weevil species (Callosobruchus maculatusandC. chinensis) when each was initiated with one, three, or five genetically‐ and phenotypically‐distinct lineages. Our results reveal that intraspecific variation is a double‐edged sword for species coexistence. Increasing intraspecific variation increased species’ abilities to invade, and to resist invasion, via selection effects and intraspecific niche complementarity among conspecific lineages, thereby creating the potential for exclusion among mismatched competitors. But intraspecific variation also increased the scope for resource partitioning, creating the potential for stable coexistence. Stable coexistence occurred only when intraspecific variation caused species to exhibit both relatively evenly‐matched competitive abilities and sufficiently‐strong resource partitioning. Our work explains the conflicting results of previous studies.
Homozygous missense MYBPC3 Pro873His mutation associated with increased risk for heart failure development in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kissopoulou Antheia , Trinks Cecilia , Green Anna , Karlsson Jan‐Erik , Jonasson Jon , Gunnarsson Cecilia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary autosomal‐dominant disorder of the myocardium with variable expressivity and penetrance. Occasionally, homozygous sarcomere genetic variants emerge while genotyping HCM patients. In these cases, a more severe HCM phenotype is generally seen. Here, we report a case of HCM that was diagnosed clinically at 39 years of age. Initial symptoms were shortness of breath during exertion. Successively, he developed a wide array of severe clinical manifestations, which progressed to an ominous end‐stage heart failure that resulted in heart transplantation. Genotype analysis revealed a missense MYBPC3 variant NM_000256.3:c.2618C>A,p.(Pro873His) that presented in the homozygous form. Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity have been reported for the Pro873His MYBPC3 variant described here. Our patient, presenting with two copies of the variant and devoid of a normal allele, progressed to end‐stage heart failure, which supports the notion of a deleterious effect of this variant in the homozygous form.
Bayesian hierarchical model for variations in earthquake peak ground acceleration within small‐aperture arrays
Authors: Rahpeyma Sahar , Halldorsson Benedikt , Hrafnkelsson Birgir , Jónsson Sigurjón 
Published: April 2018

Knowledge of the characteristics of earthquake ground motion is fundamental for earthquake hazard assessments. Over small distances, relative to the source–site distance, where uniform site conditions are expected, the ground motion variability is also expected to be insignificant. However, despite being located on what has been characterized as a uniform lava‐rock site condition, considerable peak ground acceleration (PGA) variations were observed on stations of a small‐aperture array (covering approximately 1 km2) of accelerographs in Southwest Iceland during the Ölfus earthquake of magnitude 6.3 on May 29, 2008 and its sequence of aftershocks. We propose a novel Bayesian hierarchical model for the PGA variations accounting separately for earthquake event effects, station effects, and event‐station effects. An efficient posterior inference scheme based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations is proposed for the new model. The variance of the station effect is certainly different from zero according to the posterior density, indicating that individual station effects are different from one another. The Bayesian hierarchical model thus captures the observed PGA variations and quantifies to what extent the source and recording sites contribute to the overall variation in ground motions over relatively small distances on the lava‐rock site condition.
Hazard‐compatible modification of stochastic ground motion models
Authors: Tsioulou Alexandra , Taflanidis Alexandros A. , Galasso Carmine 
Published: April 2018

SummaryA computationally efficient framework is presented for modification of stochastic ground motion models to establish compatibility with the seismic hazard for specific seismicity scenarios and a given structure/site. The modification pertains to the probabilistic predictive models that relate the parameters of the ground motion model to seismicity/site characteristics. These predictive models are defined through a mean prediction and an associated variance, and both these properties are modified in the proposed framework. For a given seismicity scenario, defined for example by the moment magnitude and source‐to‐site distance, the conditional hazard is described through the mean and the dispersion of some structure‐specific intensity measure(s). Therefore, for both the predictive models and the seismic hazard, a probabilistic description is considered, extending previous work of the authors that had examined description only through mean value characteristics. The proposed modification is defined as a bi‐objective optimization. The first objective corresponds to comparison for a chosen seismicity scenario between the target hazard and the predictions established through the stochastic ground motion model. The second objective corresponds to comparison of the modified predictive relationships to the pre‐existing ones that were developed considering regional data, and guarantees that the resultant ground motions will have features compatible with observed trends. The relative entropy is adopted to quantify both objectives, and a computational framework relying on kriging surrogate modeling is established for an efficient optimization. Computational discussions focus on the estimation of the various statistics of the stochastic ground motion model output needed for the entropy calculation.
The emergence, maintenance, and demise of diversity in a spatially variable antibiotic regime
Authors: Leale Alanna M. , Kassen Rees 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat that, in the absence of new antibiotics, requires effective management of existing drugs. Here, we use experimental evolution of the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to explore how changing patterns of drug delivery modulates the spread of resistance in a population. Resistance evolves readily under both temporal and spatial variation in drug delivery and fixes rapidly under temporal, but not spatial, variation. Resistant and sensitive genotypes coexist in spatially varying conditions due to a resistance-growth rate trade-off which, when coupled to dispersal, generates negative frequency-dependent selection and a quasi-protected polymorphism. Coexistence is ultimately lost, however, because resistant types with improved growth rates in the absence of drug spread through the population. These results suggest that spatially variable drug prescriptions can delay but not prevent the spread of resistance and provide a striking example of how the emergence and eventual demise of biodiversity is underpinned by evolving fitness trade-offs.
Superior stimulation of female fecundity by subordinate males provides a mechanism for telegony
Authors: Pascoal Sonia , Jarrett Benjamin J. M. , Evans Emma , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen females mate promiscuously, rival males compete to fertilise the ova. In theory, a male can increase his success at siring offspring by inducing the female to lay more eggs, as well as by producing more competitive sperm. Here we report that the evolutionary consequences of fecundity stimulation extend beyond rival males, by experimentally uncovering effects on offspring. With experiments on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, we show that smaller subordinate males are better able to stimulate female fecundity than larger, dominant males. Furthermore dominant males also benefit from the greater fecundity induced by smaller males, and so gain from the female's earlier promiscuity - just as predicted by theory. By inducing females to produce more offspring on a limited resource, smaller males cause each larva to be smaller, even those they do not sire themselves. Fecundity stimulation thus promotes the non-genetic inheritance of offspring body size, and provides a mechanism for telegony.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Loss from a Passive DMFC using Differential Interferometer
Authors: Vasanth P. , Kolar Ajit K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe knowledge of heat loss from the fuel cell will be helpful to decide on material components and fixture design. In the present study, a new methodology is proposed to estimate heat loss from passive DMFC using interferometry technique. Printed circuit board (PCB) fixture is adapted in our study that replaces end plate and current collector. The accurate cell temperature distribution is useful to estimate the heat from the cell fixture. The cell temperature distribution is measured based on infra‐red (IR) thermography and this temperature distribution is used to estimate the heat transfer coefficient of the fuel cell. Differential interferometer (DI) technique is used to estimate the heat transfer under different operating conditions of the fuel cell. The cell surface temperature measured on the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) is 42 °C for 5M methanol concentration whereas for 1M, it is 32 °C. Based on the analysis , the average heat transfer coefficient of the cell at vertical PCB rib orientation using 5M methanol concentration is estimated to be 2.7 Wm−2 K−1. A two‐dimensional non‐isothermal single‐phase half‐cell (cathode) model is developed and compared with experiments. The cell temperature distribution obtained from model is in good agreement with experiments. The model is extended to study the effect of PCB orientation and thermal conductivity of PCB material on heat loss. The cell at vertical PCB rib orientation retains 15 ‐ 20% more heat than horizontal rib. Therefore, the cell temperature showed 42 °C and performed 10% better compared to horizontal PCB rib.
An adaptive semantic matching paradigm for reliable and valid language mapping in individuals with aphasia
Authors: Wilson Stephen M. , Yen Melodie , Eriksson Dana K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearch on neuroplasticity in recovery from aphasia depends on the ability to identify language areas of the brain in individuals with aphasia. However, tasks commonly used to engage language processing in people with aphasia, such as narrative comprehension and picture naming, are limited in terms of reliability (test–retest reproducibility) and validity (identification of language regions, and not other regions). On the other hand, paradigms such as semantic decision that are effective in identifying language regions in people without aphasia can be prohibitively challenging for people with aphasia. This paper describes a new semantic matching paradigm that uses an adaptive staircase procedure to present individuals with stimuli that are challenging yet within their competence, so that language processing can be fully engaged in people with and without language impairments. The feasibility, reliability and validity of the adaptive semantic matching paradigm were investigated in sixteen individuals with chronic post‐stroke aphasia and fourteen neurologically normal participants, in comparison to narrative comprehension and picture naming paradigms. All participants succeeded in learning and performing the semantic paradigm. Test‐retest reproducibility of the semantic paradigm in people with aphasia was good (Dice coefficient = 0.66), and was superior to the other two paradigms. The semantic paradigm revealed known features of typical language organization (lateralization; frontal and temporal regions) more consistently in neurologically normal individuals than the other two paradigms, constituting evidence for validity. In sum, the adaptive semantic matching paradigm is a feasible, reliable and valid method for mapping language regions in people with aphasia.
Locoregionally advanced oral cavity cancer: A propensity‐score matched analysis on overall survival with emphasis on the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Shin Jacob Y. , Yoon Ja Kyoung , Shin Aaron K. , Diaz Aidnag Z. 
Published: April 2018

AbstracBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in locoregionally advanced oral cavity cancer.MethodsData were extracted from the National Cancer Data Base, of which overall survival (OS) is the only outcome variable available. The chi‐square test and Cox regression models were used.ResultsA total of 6654 patients were identified. The utilization of adjuvant RT has increased over time. A propensity matched cohort included 3946 patients, exactly one‐half of whom received adjuvant RT. Independent predictors associated with receipt of adjuvant RT included age, Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score, extracapsular extension, surgical margins, and T and N classifications. On multivariable analysis, adjuvant RT remained an independent prognosticator for OS.ConclusionReceipt of adjuvant RT is a prognostic factor associated with improved OS, its utilization has increased over time, and it should be considered for clinically suitable patients who have undergone resection for the disease.