bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anticancer effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on mouse fibrosarcoma cell line
Authors: Nourmohammadi Esmail , Khoshdel-sarkarizi Hoda , Nedaeinia Reza , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Hasanzadeh Leila , Darroudi Majid , Kazemi oskuee Reza 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCerium oxide nanoparticles are associated with anticancer effects. While protecting normal cells, these nanoparticles exert their anticancer effects via oxidative stress and apoptosis in the cancer cells. In this study, the anticancer properties of nanoceria on fibrosarcoma cell line are evaluated. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and their anticancer effects on mouse fibrosarcoma tumor cells (WEHI164) were investigated. Viability assay was evaluated by MTT, and the DC‐FDA assay performed for the detection of reactive oxygen species. For apoptosis assay, the annexin V/PI test was done as well as measuring the mRNA and protein expression levels of
Bax and
Bcl2 by real‐time PCR and western blot method, respectively. Characterization of nanoceria reveals that synthesized nanoceria has cubic floruit structure with a size of about 30 nm. Toxicity assessment results show that nanoceria increases ROS levels and induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner in cancer cells (WEHI164), whereas low levels of toxicity were observed in normal cells (L929), even at the concentrations above 250 µg/ml in MTT assay. Real‐time PCR and western blot assays showed that nanoceria could significantly increase the
Bax expression in cancer cells. The results showed that nanoceria could act as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of fibrosarcoma.
Signaling–chemokine axis network in brain as a sanctuary site for metastasis
Authors: Azizidoost Shirin , Asnafi Ali Amin , Saki Najmaldin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastasis remains a major cause of death in patients with solid cancers. The co‐operation between several molecular factors such as chemokines, chemokine receptors, and signaling pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis mostly from solid tumors. In this review, we examine the possible role of chemokine/receptor axis, as well as signaling pathways as prognostic biomarkers in brain metastasis.MethodsRelevant English language literature were searched and retrieved from Google Scholar search engine (1993–2017). The following keywords were used: “chemokine,” “signaling pathway,” “brain,” “metastasis,” and “niche.”ResultsIncreased expression of chemokines like CXCL12 and dysregulated signaling intermediates such as Notch in patients with solid tumors (e.g., breast cancer) is associated with brain metastasis.ConclusionsAs biomarkers for brain metastasis, chemokine, and signaling intermediates are potential prognostic factors in a number of solid tumor, including breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer.
LncRNA SNHG17 promotes gastric cancer progression by epigenetically silencing of p15 and p57
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Xu Ying , Wang Sijia , Gong Zhigang , Zou Chen , Zhang Heng , Ma Gui , Zhang Wenbo , Jiang Pengcheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets because of their disease‐ and stage‐restricted expression. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 17 (SNHG17) belongs to a large family of noncoding genes hosting small RNAs, with its expression pattern and biological function not clarified in gastric cancer (GC). Thus, we conducted this study to investigate the functional significance and the underlying mechanisms of SNHG17 in GC progression. Our results showed that SNHG17 expression was upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and its high expression was significantly correlated with increased invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. The expression of plasma SNHG17 was also found upregulated in patients with GC compared with healthy controls, with a moderate accuracy for diagnosis of GC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.748; 95% CI, 0.666–0.830). Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function of SNHG17 revealed that SNHG17 promoted GC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, and migration and inhibited apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations showed that SNHG17 was associated with polycomb repressive complex 2 and that this association was required for epigenetic repression of cyclin‐dependent protein kinase inhibitors, including p15 and p57, thus contributing to the regulation of GC cell cycle and proliferation. Furthermore, rescue experiments indicated that SNHG17 functioned as an oncogene via activating enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in GC cells. Our study provides a new perspective for SNHG17 acting as a noncoding oncogene in GC tumorigenesis, and it may serve as a novel early diagnostic marker and potential target for the treatment of GC.
Vascular supply of the femoral head in sheep—Implications for the ovine femoroacetabular impingement model
Authors: Tannast Moritz , Wolfer Nadja , Ryan Michael K. , Nuss Katja M. , von Rechenberg Brigitte , Steppacher Simon D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTSheep hips have a natural non‐spherical head similar to a cam‐type deformity in human beings. By performing an intertrochanteric varus osteotomy, cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement can be induced experimentally. In sheep, the aspherical portion is located superiorly—exactly matching the region where the superior retinacular vessels enter the femoral head–neck junction in human beings. In order to fully exploit the potential of this experimental FAI model, a safe osteochondroplasty of the superior asphericity would need to be done without the risk of avascular necrosis. The aim of this study was to describe the vascular anatomy of the femoral head in sheep from the aorta to the retinacular vessels in order to perform safe femoral osteochondroplasty of the superior femoral asphericity in sheep. Sixty‐two ovine hips were analyzed using CT angiography (30 hips), post mortem intravascular latex injection (6 hips), vascular corrosion casting (6 hips), and analysis of the distribution of vascular foramina around the femoral head–neck junction in macerated ovine femora (20 hips). The ovine femoral head receives its blood supply from anterior retinacular arteries from the lateral femoral circumflex artery, and from posterior retinacular arteries from the medial femoral circumflex artery. The superior aspherical portion is free of vessels. Detailed knowledge about vascular anatomy of sheep hips is of clinical significance since it allows to perform osteochondroplasty of the superior aspherical portion in the experimental ovine FAI model safely without the risk of osteonecrosis. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2340–2348, 2018.
Enhancing integration of articular cartilage grafts via photochemical bonding
Authors: Arvayo Alberto L. , Wong Ivan J. , Dragoo Jason L. , Levenston Marc E. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe integration of osteochondral grafts to native articular cartilage is critical as the lack of graft integration may lead to continued tissue degradation, poor load transfer and inadequate nutrient transport. Photochemical bonding promotes graft integration by activating a photosensitizer at the interface via a light source and avoids negative effects associated with other bonding techniques. We hypothesized that the bond strength depends on photosensitizer type and concentration in addition to light exposure. Photochemical bonding was evaluated using methylene blue (MB), a cationic phenothiazine photosensitizer, and two phthalocyanine photosensitizers, Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (CASPc) and aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPc). Exposure was altered by varying irradiation time for a fixed irradiance or by varying irradiance with a fixed irradiation time. MB was ineffective at producing bonding at the range of concentrations tested while CASPc produced a peak twofold bond strength increase over controls. AlPc produced substantial bonding at all concentrations with a peak 3.9‐fold bond strength increase over controls. Parametric tests revealed that bond strength depended primarily on the total energy delivered to the bonding site rather than the rate of light delivery or light irradiance. Bond strength persisted for 1 week of in‐vitro culture, which warrants further exploration for clinical applications. These studies indicate that photochemical bonding is a viable strategy for enhancing articular cartilage graft integration. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2406–2415, 2018.
Cadaveric study validating in vitro monitoring techniques to measure the failure mechanism of glenoid implants against clinical CT
Authors: Junaid Sarah , Gregory Thomas , Fetherston Shirley , Emery Roger , Amis Andrew A , Hansen Ulrich 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTDefinite glenoid implant loosening is identifiable on radiographs, however, identifying early loosening still eludes clinicians. Methods to monitor glenoid loosening in vitro have not been validated to clinical imaging. This study investigates the correlation between in vitro measures and CT images. Ten cadaveric scapulae were implanted with a pegged glenoid implant and fatigue tested to failure. Each scapulae were cyclically loaded superiorly and CT scanned every 20,000 cycles until failure to monitor progressive radiolucent lines. Superior and inferior rim displacements were also measured. A finite element (FE) model of one scapula was used to analyze the interfacial stresses at the implant/cement and cement/bone interfaces. All ten implants failed inferiorly at the implant‐cement interface, two also failed at the cement‐bone interface inferiorly, and three showed superior failure. Failure occurred at of 80,966 ± 53,729 (mean ± SD) cycles. CT scans confirmed failure of the fixation, and in most cases, was observed either before or with visual failure. Significant correlations were found between inferior rim displacement, vertical head displacement and failure of the glenoid implant. The FE model showed peak tensile stresses inferiorly and high compressive stresses superiorly, corroborating experimental findings. In vitro monitoring methods correlated to failure progression in clinical CT images possibly indicating its capacity to detect loosening earlier for earlier clinical intervention if needed. Its use in detecting failure non‐destructively for implant development and testing is also valuable. The study highlights failure at the implant‐cement interface and early signs of failure are identifiable in CT images. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:2524–2532, 2018.
Antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate bead and pulse lavage eradicates biofilms on metal implant materials in vitro
Authors: Knecht Cory S. , Moley James P. , McGrath Mary S. , Granger Jeffrey F. , Stoodley Paul , Dusane Devendra H. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPulse lavage (PL) debridement and antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate beads (CS‐B) are both used for the treatment of biofilm related periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, the efficacy of these alone and in combination for eradicating biofilm from orthopaedic metal implant surfaces is unclear. The purpose of the study was to understand the efficacy of PL and antibiotic loaded CS‐B in eradicating bacterial biofilms on 316L stainless steel (SS) alone and in combination in vitro. Biofilms of bioluminescent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen41 and a USA300 MRSA Staphylococcus aureus SAP231 were grown on SS coupons for 3 days. The coupons were either, (i) debrided for 3 s with PL, (ii) exposed to tobramycin (TOB) and vancomycin (VAN) loaded CS‐B for 24 h, or (iii) exposed to both. An untreated biofilm served as a control. The amount of biofilm was measured by bioluminescence, viable plate count and confocal microscopy using live/dead staining. PL alone reduced the CFU count of both strains of biofilms by approximately 2 orders of magnitude, from an initial cell count on metal surface of approximately 109 CFU/cm2. The antibiotic loaded CS‐B caused an approximate six log reduction and the combination completely eradicated viable biofilm bacteria. Bioluminescence and confocal imaging corroborated the CFU data. While PL and antibiotic loaded CS‐B both significantly reduced biofilm, the combination of two was more effective than alone in removing biofilms from SS implant surfaces. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2349–2354, 2018.
Novel stepwise model of intervertebral disc degeneration with intact annulus fibrosus to test regeneration strategies
Authors: Vadalà Gianluca , Russo Fabrizio , De Strobel Francesca , Bernardini Marco , De Benedictis Giulia Maria , Cattani Caterina , Denaro Luca , D'Este Matteo , Eglin David , Alini Mauro , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTNovel preclinical models that do not damage the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc are required to study the efficacy of new regenerative strategies for the nucleus pulposus (NP). The aim of the study was to characterize a preclinical ovine model of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) induced by endplate (EP) damage and repair via the transpedicular approach, with or without partial nucleotomy, while keeping the AF intact. Twelve adult sheep were used. By the transpedicular approach, a 2 mm tunnel was drilled to the NP through the EP. A partial‐nucleotomy was performed. The tunnel was sealed using a polyurethane scaffold. Lumbar discs were assigned to different groups: L1‐2: nucleotomy; L2‐3: EP tunnel; L3‐4: nucleotomy + EP repair; L4‐5: EP tunnel + repair; L5‐6: control. X‐Ray and MRI were performed at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Disc height and MRI indexes were calculated. Macro‐ and micro‐morphology were analyzed. Pfirrmann and Thompson grades were assigned. The treated discs exhibited a progressive decrease in NP signal intensity and MRI index, displaying specific grades of degeneration based on the surgical treatment. According to Pfirrmann and Thompson grades different procedures were staged as: EP tunnel + repair: grade‐II; EP tunnel: grade‐III, nucleotomy + EP repair: grade‐IV; nucleotomy: grade‐V. A new stepwise model of IDD to study and test safety and efficacy of novel strategies for NP regeneration has been characterized. The different degrees of IDD have been observed similar to Pfirrmann and Thompson grading system. The intact AF allows for loading studies and eliminating the need for AF closure. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2460–2468, 2018.
Meniscal extrusion and degeneration during the course of osteoarthritis in the Murine collagenase‐induced osteoarthritis model
Authors: Utomo Lizette , Eijgenraam Susanne M. , Meuffels Duncan E. , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Bastiaansen‐Jenniskens Yvonne M. , van Osch Gerjo J. V. M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMeniscal damage is, despite its major role in knee osteoarthritis (OA), often neglected in OA animal models. We evaluated structural meniscal degeneration during the course of OA in the murine collagenase‐induced OA (CIOA) model. To investigate this, OA was induced in the knee joints of 33 male C57BL/6 mice by an intra‐articular injection of 10U collagenase. The mice were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, and the knees were harvested and processed for histological analysis. As control, six knees were obtained from 16‐week‐old mice in which no OA was induced. Meniscal damage, meniscal extrusion, and articular cartilage damage were evaluated on thionin‐stained sections. Associations between parameters of interest were evaluated with Spearman rho correlation tests. When compared to non‐OA knees, meniscal extrusion was visible from day 1 onwards and meniscal degeneration had a tendency to increase over time. The meniscus damage appeared around the same time as articular cartilage damage (day 14–28) and was statistically significantly more pronounced anterior than posterior, and no differences were seen between medial and lateral menisci. Meniscus and articular cartilage damage were moderately associated in the CIOA knees (ρ = 0.57; 95%CI [0.23–0.78]). Our findings suggest that the CIOA model is a valuable model to study the role of meniscal damage during OA progression and can support the development of future preventative treatment strategies. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:2416–2420, 2018.
Metastatic tumor cells detection and anti‐metastatic potential with vesicular stomatitis virus in immunocompetent murine model of osteosarcoma
Authors: Johan Muhammad P. , Kubo Tadahiko , Furuta Taisuke , Sakuda Tomohiko , Sakaguchi Takemasa , Nakanishi Mahito , Ochi Mitsuo , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTSarcomas are associated with a high incidence of lung metastasis, which leads to a high‐risk of cancer death. This study was performed to explore the pre‐clinical theranostic potential of a novel fully functional recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying imaging gene Katushka (rVSV‐K), as virotherapy and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection in the syngeneic mouse model of osteosarcoma with spontaneous pulmonary metastases. Recombinant VSV‐K was generated and evaluated in vitro on human and murine osteosarcoma cells. Spontaneous osteosarcoma metastases were established in immune‐competent mice by implanting subcutaneously syngeneic osteosarcoma LM8 cells. The vector was injected into the tumor‐bearing mice via jugular vein either once or repeatedly. To assess effectiveness, primary tumor growth and development of lung metastasis as well as survival were evaluated. We found that rVSV‐K efficiently replicated in and killed all osteosarcoma cell lines in time‐dependent manners. Both single or repeated systemic injections of the virus did not inhibit the growth of the primary tumor, but the repeated administration could effectively suppress the development of lung metastases and was likely responsible for the observed increase in survival. Furthermore, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CTCs in blood samples from syngeneic osteosarcoma‐bearing mice were successfully detected by utilizing rVSV‐K ex vivo. Our results show that repeated systemic injections of rVSV‐K are an effective anti‐metastatic agent against osteosarcoma in immune‐competent mice and this virus to be a useful tool for detection of osteosarcoma CTCs, suggesting that further development of future viral‐based theranostic approach in patients with osteosarcoma is warranted. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2562–2569, 2018.
A high‐performance multifunctional substrate of ultrathin‐layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for rapid biochemical mixture screening
Authors: Lee Bi‐Shen , Lin Ding‐Zheng , Huang Chih‐Hao , Yen Ta‐Jen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a multifunctional substrate of ultrathin‐layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which enables analytes separation and label‐free detection simultaneously. This integrated substrate is composed of silicon nanowires array (SiNWA), decorated with silver nano‐dendrites (AgNDs). This SiNWA is fabricated by a facile and low‐cost metal‐assisted chemical etching process, and the AgNDs are then decorated onto SiNWA by chemical reduction process. These AgNDs provide abundant hot spots by inducing strong localized electric field, which is confirmed by finite‐difference time‐domain simulation calculations. With the optimized multifunctional substrate, the screening of melamine is successfully validated. The high linear dependence of signal intensity and melamine concentrations from 15 to 1,500 ppm with small deviation was carried out by our developed UTLC–SERS substrate, providing a great potential for quantitative detection. Besides, the SERS signals further show a low relative standard deviation of 8.7%, benefited from the calibration by a peak located at 520 cm−1 of silicon. In short, such a low‐cost, high‐stable multifunctional substrate of UTLC and SERS can be readily employed for practical applications of rapid biochemical mixture screening.
Isolation and characterization of an aspartic protease able to hydrolyze and decolorize heme proteins from Aspergillus glaucus
Authors: Takenaka Shinji , Lim Lihui , Fukami Takashi , Yokota Satoko , Doi Mikiharu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe xerophilic Aspergillus molds, Aspergillus glaucus and Aspergillus repens, have been used in the ripening and fermentation of dried tuna bonito (katsuobushi). These molds, and especially their extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, may also be of wider industrial value.RESULTSAspergillus glaucus strain MA0196 produces different types of hydrolytic enzymes, including amylase, serine protease, aspartic protease, lipase and cellulase, depending on the composition of the medium. We characterized several of these enzymes, focusing on a glycosylated aspartic protease. The results showed that the lower the d‐glucose concentration in the medium, the higher the degree of protease glycosylation, with excess glycosylation tending to decrease protease activity. The molecular mass of the glycosylated protease as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 243 and 253 kDa, respectively. The chemically deglycosylated protease had a molecular mass of only 46 kDa. The amount of myoglobin‐decolorizing activity was similar to that of a previously reported aspartic protease from A. repens strain MK82. However, the strain MA0196 protease more broadly hydrolyzed myoglobin and hemoglobins than did the strain MK82 protease.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrate the potential utility of Aspergillus molds as a functionally new microbial resource for industrial applications such as the bleaching of heme proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mango phenolics increase the serum apolipoprotein A1/B ratio in rats fed high cholesterol and sodium cholate diets
Authors: Domínguez‐Avila J Abraham , Astiazaran‐Garcia Humberto , Wall‐Medrano Abraham , de la Rosa Laura A , Alvarez‐Parrilla Emilio , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSerum lipoproteins are in dynamic equilibrium, partially controlled by the apolipoprotein A1 to apolipoprotein B ratio (APOA1/APOB). Freeze‐dried mango pulp (FDM) is a rich source of phenolic compounds (MP) and dietary fiber (MF), although their effects on lipoprotein metabolism have not yet been studied.RESULTSThirty male Wistar rats were fed with four different isocaloric diets (3.4 kcal g−1) for 12 weeks: control diet, high cholesterol (8 g kg−1) + sodium cholate (2 g kg−1) diet either alone or supplemented with MF (60 g kg−1), MP (1 g kg−1) or FDM (50 g kg−1). MP and FDM reduced food intake, whereas MF and MP tended to increase serum APOA1/APOB ratio, independently of their hepatic gene expression. This suggests that lipoprotein metabolism was favorably altered by mango bioactives, MP also mitigated the non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis that resulted from the intake of this diet.CONCLUSIONWe propose that phenolics are the most bioactive components of mango pulp, acting as anti‐atherogenic and hepatoprotective agents, with a mechanism of action tentatively based on changes to the main protein components of lipoproteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry