bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azadirachta Indica and Brassica Oleracea Mediated Green Synthesis vs. Chemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Sharma R. , Singh J. , Bhatia A.K. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:
An alternative source of synythesis of nanoparticles is plant extract rather than
chemical methods. This is because of presence of secondary metabolites or reducing agents in plant extract
which are responsible for nanoparticles synthesis. In bioaccumulation, this synthesis depends upon
the availability of particular enzymes or protein in plant extract.

Materials & Methods:
Considering the therapeutic potentials of nanoparticles, this work has been designed
to find out antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. Objectives of this work are - preparation
of silver nanoparticles chemically and biologically, characterisation of nanoparticles and evaluation of
their antibacterial activities against E. coli. Comparision of antibacterial properties were made among
NaBH4- AgNPs, Azadirachta indica (Neem) extract AgNPs and Brassica oleracea (Cauliflower) extract
AgNPs. UV- absorption spectra of chemically and biologically synthesized AgNPs at different time intervals
were measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Particle size of AgNPs was measured by
dynamic laser scattering technique (DLS) using Malvern Aimil Zetasizer.

Results:
The obtained silver nanoparticles were of sizes between 10 nm and 100 nm.

Conclusion:
It was clear from antibacterial activities that biologically synthesized AgNPs were more
effective against E. coli than chemically synthesized AgNPs.
Transformed Double-Capped Gold Nanorods in Dye Co-Sensitized Solar Cells for Semitransparent Windows
Authors: Mazzoni Marina , Dagar Janardan , Lai Sarah , Centi Sonia , Ratto Fulvio , Pini Roberto , Zani Lorenzo 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) containing two different dyes were recently used for
applications to windows. To enhance the efficiency of this type of solar cells by means of the effect of localized
surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), we produced gold nanorods (GNRs) with an aspect ratio (a.r.) equal to 3:1
and tos 4:1. With an actual window application in mind, and mainly to prevent corrosion by the redox mediator in
the cell, we considered the capping of GNRs before introducing them into the titanium oxide (TiO2) layer of the
anode. In particular, we made a double-capping with silica and titania layers for a limited total thickness (i.e.,
about 6 nm), while still allowing a significant localized LSPR effect despite the increased distance between gold
and dye molecules. We documented the different transformations in dimensions of the two types of capped gold
nanorods (c-GNRs) due to the effect of sintering. Our aim was to evaluate the influence that these transformations
would have on the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs.

Methods:
We added c-GNRs with a ratio of 2% in w/w to a transparent semiconductor paste, which was doctor
bladed on the photoanodes of the co-sensitized solar cells made with commercially available organic sensitizers
(L1 or L0) and the squaraine SQ2, which acted as a co-sensitizer. The films had a thickness of about 6 μm and
were sintered at 450°C. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to document the transformations,
absorbance and absorptance spectra in order to control the effects of these modifications, and transmittance
spectra for evaluating the see-through effects. We performed current-voltage, external quantum efficiency
(EQE%) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterizations of the DSSCs.

Results:
The semiconductor films with c-GNRs that had GNRs with an a.r. equal to 4:1 (c-GNRs 4:1) had lower
absorption and higher transmission as compared to those with GNRs a.r equal to 3:1 (c-GNRs 3:1). Only the c-
GNRs 3:1, which retained a similar shape and an a.r. equal to 1.5 after sintering, produced an enhancement in the
power conversion efficiency η% (23%), current Jsc (8%), and voltage Voc (2.5%) when used in combination with
the dye cocktail containing the organic dye L1. On the contrary, the presence of c-GNRs 4:1 negatively influenced
the photovoltaic performances of the cells containing this dye cocktail. The same occurred for both types of
c-GNRs with the dye cocktail containing L0.

Conclusion:
The use of c-GNRs 3:1 could actually improve the efficiency of co-sensitized DSSCs. On the other
hand, the transformed dimensions of the c-GNRs 4:1 negatively influenced the photovoltaic characteristics when
we used the same concentration of nanoparticles, and a semiconductor paste in small grains (i.e., about 20 nm).
We attributed this fact both to a reduced penetration of the dyes in the films and to an inferior plasmonic effect.
Antineoplastic Effects of NF-κB Inhibition by DHMEQ (Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin) Alone and in Co-treatment with Radio-and Chemotherapy in Medulloblastoma Cell Lines
Authors: Ramos Priscila M.M. , Pezuk Julia A. , Castro-Gamero Angel M. , Oliveira Harley F. , Scrideli Carlos A. , Umezawa Kazuo , Tone Luiz G. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
NF-κB is a transcription factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of a large number
of genes related to tumorigenesis in several cancer cell types, and its inhibition has been related to anticancer effect.
DHMEQ (Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin) is a compound that blocks the translocation of NF-κB from the
cytoplasm to the nucleus, thus inhibiting its activity as a transcriptional activator. Several studies have shown the
antineoplastic effects of DHMEQ in numerous tumor types, however, there are no surveys that tested their effects in
MB.

Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DHMEQ as NF-κB inhibitor in pediatric MB
cell lines.

Method:
We used the UW402, UW473 and ONS-76 medulloblastoma (MB) cell lines to verify the effect of
DHMEQ on proliferation, clonogenic capacity, apoptosis, cell invasion and migration, and evaluated the effect of the
combination with other drugs and the potential as a radiosensitizator.

Results:
A significant decrease in the cell growth, a strong inhibition of the clonogenic capacity, migration and cell
invasion was observed after NF-κB inhibition in the three MB cell lines. Conversely, increased level of apoptosis
rates were demonstrated. Additionally, treatments with DHMEQ combined with other chemotherapeutic agents were
synergic in most points, and a strong radiosensitization by this compound was observed in the three MB cell lines.

Conclusion:
DHMEQ has potential antitumor effect on MB cells, and it may be considered a new therapeutic agent
to improve treatment approaches in MB.
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of New 3, 5-Disubstituted-2-Thioxoimidazolidinones
Authors: Abdellatif Khaled R.A. , Elbadawi Mostafa M. , Elsaady Mohammed T. , Abd El-Hafeez Amer A. , Fujimura Takashi , Kawamoto Seiji , Khodair Ahmed I. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Some 2-thioxoimidazolidinones have been reported as anti-prostate and anti-breast cancer
agents through their inhibitory activity on topoisomerase I that is considered as a potential chemotherapeutic target.

Objective:
A new series of 3,5-disubstituted-2-thioxoimidazolidinone derivatives 10a-f and their S-methyl analogs
11a-f were designed, synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3),
human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and non-cancerous human lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38).
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Results and Method: While compounds 10a-f showed a broad range of activities against PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines
(IC50 = 34.0 – 186.9 and 24.6 – 147.5 µM respectively), the S-methyl analogs 11a-f showed (IC50 = 22.7 – 198.5 and
16.9 – 188.2 µM respectively) in comparison with 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 60.7 and 40.7 µM respectively). 11c (IC50 =
22.7 and 29.2 µM) and 11f (IC50 = 28.7 and 16.9 µM) were the most potent among all compounds against both PC-3
and MCF-7 respectively with no cytotoxicity against WI-38.

Conclusion:
The newly synthesized compounds showed good activity against PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines in
comparison with 5-fluorouracil. Compounds 11c and 11f bound with human topoisomerase I similar to its known
inhibitors and significantly inhibited its DNA relaxation activity in a dose dependent manner which may rationalize
their molecular mechanism as cytotoxic agents.
Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Renal Function and Renal Phosphate Handling in African Adults with Advanced HIV and CKD
Authors: Adedeji Tewogbade A. , Adebisi Simeon A. , Adedeji Nife O. , Biliaminu Sikiru A. , Olanrewaju Timothy O. 
Published: July 2018

Background:Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been implicated in renal dysfunction with hypophosphataemia.Objective:We prospectively evaluated renal phosphate excretion during HAART use.Method:Newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals were treated with Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/Emtricitabine/Efavirenz (TDF/FTC/EFV), n=33; Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine (ZDV/3TC/NVP), n=53; and Zidovudine/Lamivudine/Efavirenz (ZDV/3TC/EFV), n=16. Creatinine and phosphate were assayed in blood and urine simultaneously at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fractional phosphate excretion and reabsorption (FEPi % and TRP), and the ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate (TmP) to GFR (TmP/GFR) were estimated.Results:At baseline, eGFR showed moderate chronic kidney disease (mean: 35.50 ± 2.02, 33.14 ± 1.63, and 39.97±1.84 ml/min/1.73m2 in the 3 groups respectively); 54 (52.9%) patients had hyperphosphataemia (1.4mmo/L); 43 (42.2%) had normophosphataemia (0.6-1.4mmol/L); 5 (4.9%) had hypophosphataemia (<0.6mmol/L). eGFR improved significantly from 1 month (≥60, 58.65 ± 1.11, and 51.76 ±1.59 ml/min/1.73m2; p=0.04, <0.001, 0.67 respectively), with a relapse at 9 months in TDFtreated subjects (50.10 ± 1.89 ml/min/1.73m2). TDF/FTC/EFV resulted in< significantly greater reduction in plasma phosphate than ZDV/3TC/NVP (p=0.031), but not significantly different from ZDV/3TC/EFV (p=0.968). Similarly, ZDV/3TC/EFV resulted in significantly greater reduction in plasma phosphate than ZDV/3TC/NVP (p=0.036).FEP% progressively increased with HAART duration, more in TDF-treated and ZDV/3TC/EFV-treated groups than ZDV/3TC/NVP (p=0.014); TRP was elevated (<0.86), implying non-maximal phosphate reabsorption. TmP/GFR values were elevated, (<1.35mmol/l).Conclusion:HIV causes kidney dysfunction with reduced phosphate excretion resulting in hyperphosphataemia but HAART improves renal function. Prolonged use of TDF can cause renal toxicity with hypophosphataemia as fractional excretion progressively increased with duration of therapy unlike ZDV/3TC/NVP. The use of different third agents (either NVP or EFV) in zidovudine-based therapy results in significantly different plasma phosphate levels; ZDV/3TC/EFV, like TDF/FTC/EFV, resulted in significantly greater decline in plasma phosphate than ZDV/3TC/NVP. Thus, Evafirenz (EVF) may have similar or synergistic adverse effects with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).
Perspective of Future Potent Therapies for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Okumura Naoki , Hayashi Ryousuke , Koizumi Noriko 
Published: July 2018

Background:Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive disease that affects the corneal endothelium in both eyes. Recent studies have identified a novel genetic basis for FECD, and basic research findings have provided evidence for its underlying pathophysiology. Since its first description by Ernst Fuchs in 1910, the only therapeutic choice has been corneal transplantation using donor corneas. However, accumulating evidence suggests that a change in this “rule” may be imminent.Conclusions:This article reviews the current knowledge of the genetics and pathophysiology of FECD, and it introduces some potent therapeutic modalities that show promise as new treatments for this disorder.
Review of Corneal Biomechanical Properties Following LASIK and SMILE for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Damgaard Iben Bach , Reffat Mohamed , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: July 2018

Worldwide, femtosecond Laser AssistedIn-situKeratomileusis (LASIK) is a well known and commonly used refractive technique, although Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) has become increasingly popular since it was introduced in 2011. In LASIK, a corneal flap is cut with a microkeratome or femtosecond laser, followed by thinning of the stromal bed with excimer laser ablation. In SMILE, a minor intrastromal lenticule is cut with a femtosecond laser and subsequently removed through a small incision, leaving the anterior and strongest part of the cornea almost intact. Both LASIK and SMILE require cutting of corneal lamellae that may reduce the biomechanical stability of the cornea, with the potential risk of corneal iatrogenic ectasia as a severe complication. However, SMILE preserves the anterior corneal integrity and may, in theory, better preserve the corneal biomechanical strength than LASIK after surgery.A review aimed to examine the current literature that describes and compares the corneal biomechanical properties after Laser AssistedIn-situKeratomileusis (LASIK) and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE). A comprehensive search was performed in Pubmed.gov using the following search queries: Corneal biomechanical properties, corneal biomechanics, ocular response analyser, ocular response analyzer, ORA,ex vivo, in vitro, Corvis, Corvis ST, LASIK, and SMILE.
La asignatura "Anatomía Funcional de la Voz". Veinte años de pedagogía de la voz en los estudios de Medicina de la Universidad de Barcelona
Authors: Torres Gallardo Begoña 
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo presento la asignatura optativa Anatomía Funcional de la Voz, que imparto en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Barcelona (España) desde el curso académico 1997/1998. Creé esta asignatura porque consideré que era necesario que los estudiantes de medicina tuvieran un conocimiento profundo de la voz normal para poder así comprender sus trastornos.
La asignatura ha ido sufriendo a lo largo de los años cambios derivados de la entrada de las nuevas tecnologías y de los nuevos métodos docentes en la universidad. En la actualidad consta de nueve sesiones teóricas presenciales y se cierra el con un taller de Técnica Vocal de carácter voluntario.
Los estudiantes realizan tres actividades individuales evaluables a través del Campus Virtual de la Universidad de Barcelona (plataforma Moodle). Las dos primeras son de autoobservación de la postura y de la respiración, y la tercera consiste en la creación de una base de datos de voces, habladas o cantadas (de dominio público). Asimismo, los estudiantes preparan en pequeños grupos un trabajo escrito sobre algún tema relacionado con la voz normal que sea de su interés, que les permite llevar a cabo una revisión y análisis de aspectos concretos de la voz.
Creo que esta asignatura permite a los estudiantes adquirir una visión amplia y multidisciplinar de la voz. Tras haber llegado a su vigésima edición, estoy muy satisfecha de los resultados, no sólo académicos, que siempre son de gran calidad, sino también por la buena acogida que siempre tiene entre el alumnado.
Creación, interpretación y audición. Integración estratégica para el aprendizaje de la armonía en estudiantes de interpretación musical
Authors: Ibáñez Gericke Tania Verónica 
Published: July 2018

Nueve estudiantes de interpretación musical pertenecientes al último año de un curso de Solfeo y Práctica Auditiva realizaron la actividad didáctica de crear una pieza musical en pequeños grupos, con el propósito de poner en práctica materias de armonía presentes en el programa de estudios del curso. Orientándose de acuerdo a una pauta de trabajo, elaboraron estas piezas para sus instrumentos de especialidad respectivos. Posteriormente, las creaciones fueron interpretadas por cada grupo al resto del curso, para que estos descubrieran auditivamente los enlaces armónicos utilizados en ellas.
Los estudiantes se mostraron muy motivados al asumir el desafío de crear, actividad poco habitual para la mayoría. Las piezas instrumentales fueron atentamente escuchadas y comentadas por el curso y cada grupo logró describir sus trabajos demostrando dominio teórico sobre la unidad pedagógica en cuestión. En cuanto al reconocimiento auditivo de la armonía utilizada en ellas, los estudiantes lograron muy buenos resultados, pese a que anteriormente la mayoría manifestaba dificultades en esta materia.
En esta comunicación planteo algunas hipótesis surgidas a lo largo del ejercicio de mi docencia, tomando como referencia la experiencia con este grupo de estudiantes, quienes presentaban desempeños inusualmente bajos en la resolución de ejercicios auditivos armónicos. Expongo de manera crítica la forma en que son llevadas a cabo algunas de las actividades didácticas orientadas al desarrollo del oído armónico y propongo algunas ideas para contribuir a mejorar estas prácticas pedagógicas.
GANGGUAN MAKAN ANOREXIA NERVOSA DAN BULIMIA NERVOSA PADA REMA
Authors: Krisnani Hetty , Santoso Meilanny Budiarti , Putri Destin 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRAKMasa remaja merupakan masa perubahan dramatis dalam diri seseorang. Salah satu perubahan yang terjadi adalah perubahan komposisi tubuh, terutama akumulasi lemak tubuh pada remaja puteri. Dengan adanya akumulasi lemak tubuh tersebut, ada anggapan bahwa mereka tidak memiliki tubuh semenarik yang diinginkan. Hal ini akan mendorong remaja puteri mencari jalan keluar agar memiliki tampilan fisik yang ideal, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan perubahan kebiasaan makan yang umumnya menyimpang. Kebiasaan makan yang tidak benar itu dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan makan atau eating disorder yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi remaja. Eating disorders (ED) merupakan gangguan mental yang meskipun berhubungan dengan pola makan dan berat badan, gangguan tersebut bukanlah mengenai makanan, tetapi mengenai perasaan dan ekspresi diri. Pada umumnya, penderita ED adalah mereka yang memiliki kepercayaan diri rendah. Terdapat dua macam ED, yaitu anorexia nervosa dan bulimia nervosa. Kedua gangguan tersebut mempunyai tujuan yang sama, yaitu menguruskan badan. ABSTRACTAdolescence is a time of dramatic change in a person. One of the changes that occur are changes in body composition, especially the accumulation of body fat in girls. Given the accumulation of body fat, there is the assumption that they do not have a body as attractive as desired. This will encourage the girls find a way out in order to have the ideal physical appearance, one is to change eating habits are generally distorted. Improper eating habits can result in eating disorders or disordered eating can be bad for teens. Eating disorders (ED) is a mental disorder even though associated with diet and weight, the disorder is not about food, but about feelings and self-expression. In general, patients with ED are those who have low confidence. There are two kinds of ED, namely anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these disorders have the same goal, which is to lose weight.
Program Lingkungan Sehat Bebas Sampah Pada RW 10 Desa Sayang Kecamatan Jatinangor
Authors: RASMINI MAS 
Published: July 2018

Program Lingkungan Sehat Bebas Sampah di RW 10 Desa Sayang merupakan program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepedulian, menambah pengetahuan, dan menambah pengalaman masyarakat mengenai sampah serta tata cara pengelolaannya. Mengingat penanganan sampah secara tidak tepat dapat memberikan dampak yang merugikan. Kerugian tersebut biasanya disebabkan oleh timbunan sampah maupun perilaku membuang sampah sembarangan yang dalam kasus ini disebabkan oleh tidak adanya tempat pembuangan akhir dan minimnya lahan pembakaran sampah. Untuk mewujudkan lingkungan yang sehat dan terbebas dari sampah tersebut, dilaksanakan program sosialisasi dan pendampingan mengenai tata cara pengolahan sampah yang dilakukan pada 25 sampel rumah tangga di RW 10. Kemudian diberikan 5 buah tempat pembakaran sampah yang dapat diletakan di setiap RT di RW 10 Desa Sayang Kecamatan Jatinangor.
The golden rule of morality – an ethical paradox
Authors: Máhrik Tibor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on the dynamics of ethical perspectives that embody the Golden Rule of Morality. Based on critical analysis of this rule in various cultural and religious contexts, but also from the perspective of humanism, the author presents its paradoxical character, the essence of which is interpreted here in terms of a pointer to metaphysical reality. It turns out that social conditionality, as well as the self-referential concept as a starting point of any ethical reasoning, are serious epistemological challenges for the application of the Golden Rule in the position of universal normativity that this study addresses. On the other hand, Judeo-Christian cosmology and the related basis for ethical foundations is presented here as an inspirational space of ethical reasoning in which the paradoxical character of the Golden Rule becomes rather an indicator of a deeper metaethical interpretation of one's own particular ethical attitudes and outcomes than a practical guide to the discovery of ethical universals.
A candle in the wind: An assessment of sanitation behavior among students of tertiary educational institutions in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Daramola Oluwole , Olowoporoku Oluwaseun , Akanmu Ademola , Adejumo Adewale 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article examined sanitation behaviour among students’ of tertiary education institutions in southwest Nigeria. The study surveyed the behaviour of the students in the residential hostels across gender differences. A total of 125 students were selected for the survey using a systematic sampling technique. The study revealed that the majority 194 (96.8%) were below 28 years of age. Findings revealed that the number of occupants in a student room was higher than the number of students allocated to the room. Due to overpopulation in rooms within the hostels, the available sanitary installations are overstretched. The study found that the average per capita use of toilets and bathrooms in male and female hostels was 27 and 21 students respectively. The study reports on poor sanitation behaviour among the students in terms of washing of hands after defecation, hand cleaning materials used by the student after using the toilet, flushing the toilet after use, sanitary alternatives when the toilet is in a bad condition and cleaning of students’ rooms. It recommends a mind-set reorientation for the students about adequate sanitary behaviour through effective sanitation education and provision of adequate sanitary amenities to cater for the students residing in the hostels. The findings of this study will have implications for effective policy making on sanitation behaviour among students in tertiary education institutions with a similar background.