bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice Variation in Antenatal Steroid Administration for Anticipated Late Preterm Birth: A Physician Survey
Authors: Clapp Mark , Boggess Kim , Kaimal Anjali , Snead Carrie , Schulkin Jay , Aliaga Sofia , Battarbee Ashley 
Published: July 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to measure knowledge and practice variation in late preterm steroid use.
Study Design Electronic survey of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) members about data supporting the ACOG/Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) recommendations and practice when caring for women with anticipated late preterm birth (PTB), 340/7 to 366/7 weeks.
Results Of 352 administered surveys, we obtained 193 completed responses (55%); 82.5% were generalist obstetrician-gynecologists (OB/GYNs), and 42% cared for women with anticipated late PTB at least weekly. Most believed that late preterm steroids provided benefit by reducing respiratory distress syndrome (93%), transient tachypnea of the newborn (83%), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (82%). More than half administered late preterm steroids to women with multiple gestations (73%), and pregestational diabetes (55–80%) depending on glycemic control. OB/GYNs administered steroids to insulin-dependent and poorly controlled diabetics more often than MFMs (75 vs. 46% and 59 vs. 37% respectively, p < 0.05 for both). While providers believed there was increased maternal hyperglycemia (88%) and neonatal hypoglycemia (59%), 88% believed neonatal respiratory benefits outweighed these risks. Respondents agreed research is needed to determine who are appropriate candidates (77%) and how to minimize adverse outcomes (82%).
Conclusion Most providers are administering late preterm steroids to all women, even those populations who have been excluded from previous trials. Despite widespread use, providers believe more research is needed to optimize management.
Real-Time Navigation-Guided Drilling Technique for Skull Base Surgery in the Middle and Posterior Fossae
Authors: Goto Tetsuya , Hara Yosuke , Hongo Kazuhiro , Ogiwara Toshihiro 
Published: July 2018

Objective The usefulness of the bony surface registration method for navigation system image-guided surgery in the lateral or prone position has been reported. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of our new real-time navigation-guided drilling technique with bony surface registration for skull base surgery in the middle and posterior fossae.
Methods The study included 29 surgeries for skull base tumors that required drilling of the petrous bone between January 2015 and December 2017 in Shinshu University Hospital. A navigation system was used for drilling of the petrous bone as follows: (1) some labyrinthine structures were marked by color in the source image and superimposed on the navigation image on the workstation preoperatively; (2) bony surface registration was performed with a three-dimensional (3D) skull reconstruction model in the operating room; (3) the petrous bone was drilled under navigation guidance with real-time view-through confirmation of 3D color-marked labyrinthine structures with observation under a microscopic operative view.
Results Real-time identification of some structures in the petrous bone was performed, and adequate and precise drilling of the petrous bone was achieved without the risk of labyrinthine perforation or stress. Using this method, surgeons do not need to alternate their gaze between the surgical field and the navigation screen.
Conclusions Due to the development of bony surface registration, this new technique is useful for drilling petrous bone in the middle and posterior fossa skull base surgeries.
Risk of Developing Postoperative Deficits Based on Tumor Location after Surgical Resection of an Intracranial Meningioma
Authors: Ehresman Jeff , Garzon-Muvdi Tomas , Rogers Davis , Lim Michael , Gallia Gary , Weingart Jon , Brem Henry , Bettegowda Chetan , Chaichana Kaisorn 
Published: July 2018

Object Meningiomas occur in various intracranial locations. Each location is associated with a unique set of surgical nuances and risk profiles. The incidence and risk factors that predispose patients to certain deficits based on tumor locations are unclear. This study aimed to determine which preoperative factors increase the risk of patients having new deficits after surgery based on tumor location for patients undergoing intracranial meningioma surgery.
Methods Adult patients who underwent primary, nonbiopsy resection of a meningioma at a tertiary care institution between 2007 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations with postoperative deficits based on tumor location.
Results Postoperatively, from the 761 included patients, there were 39 motor deficits (5.1%), 23 vision deficits (3.0%), 19 language deficits (2.5%), 27 seizures (3.5%), and 26 cognitive deficits (3.4%). The factors independently associated with any postoperative deficits were preoperative radiation (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval, CI] 3.000 [1.346–6.338], p = 0.008), cerebellopontine angle tumors (HR [95% CI] 2.126 [1.094–3.947], p = 0.03), Simpson grade 4 resections (HR [95% CI] 2.000 [1.271–3.127], p = 0.003), preoperative motor deficits (HR [95% CI] 1.738 [1.005–2.923], p = 0.048), preoperative cognitive deficits (HR [95% CI] 2.033 [1.144–3.504], p = 0.02), and perioperative pulmonary embolisms (HR [95% CI] 11.741 [2.803–59.314], p = 0.0009).
Conclusion Consideration of the factors associated with postoperative deficits in this study may help guide treatment strategies for patients with meningiomas.
Warfarin Quality Metrics for Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Cohen Jessica , Sinvani Liron , Wang Jason , Kozikowski Andrzej , Patel Vidhi , Qiu Guang , Pekmezaris Renee , Spyropoulos Alex 
Published: July 2018

Background Warfarin's adverse drug events are dangerous, common, and costly. While outpatient warfarin management tools exist, there is a dearth of guidance for inpatients.
Objectives We sought to describe a health system's chronic warfarin quality metrics in older inpatients, defined by international normalized ratio (INR) control, explore associations between INR overshoots and clinical outcomes, and identify factors associated with overshoots.
Patients/Methods Data on patients 65 years and older who were prescribed chronic warfarin and admitted during January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016, were extracted through retrospective chart review. We defined overshoots as INRs 5 or greater after 48 hours of hospitalization. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine risks for overshoots and multivariate analysis for overshoots' association with length of stay (LOS), bleeding, and mortality.
Results Of the 12,107 older inpatients on chronic warfarin, most were 75 years or older (75.7%), female (51.2%), and white (70.0%). While 1,333 (11.0%) of patients had overshoots during the admission, 449 (33.7%) of these reached overshoots after 48 hours. When stratified by overshoots versus no overshoots, LOS more than doubled (15.6 vs. 6.8 days) and the bleed rate was significantly higher (27.4 vs. 8.3%) in the overshoot group. While overall mortality was small (0.4%), the overshoot group's mortality was significantly higher (3.12 vs. 0.28%). Black race and weight were protective against overshoots; history of heart failure and antibiotic/amiodarone exposure were predictive of overshoots.
Conclusion This is the largest study examining warfarin quality metrics for hospitalized adults, specifically older inpatients. Our model may serve as the basis for identifying high-risk warfarin patients to target interventions to reduce adverse drug events.
Parkinson-Erkrankung und Neuroinflammation – Zelluläre Pathologie, Mechanismen und therapeutische Optionen
Authors: Tönges Lars , Metzdorf Judith , Zella Samis 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDurch verfeinerte Untersuchungstechniken in der Neuropathologie, der präzisierten molekularen Charakterisierung von Biomaterialien und nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungen des ZNS bei Parkinson-Patienten sind sowohl in post mortem Analysen aber auch intravital zahlreiche Belege für eine relevante Beteiligung der Neuroinflammation zu finden. Nach Evaluation immer größerer und besser definierter Patienten-Kohorten hat sich zudem gezeigt, dass unterschiedliche neuroinflammatorische zelluläre Akteure involviert sind. Diese Zelltypen und ihre Funktionen wurden zum Verständnis der pathogenetischen Mechanismen der Parkinson-Erkrankung in Zellkultur- und Tiermodellen detailliert untersucht und bilden eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung translationaler therapeutischer Ansätze. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird der derzeitige Wissensstand über die Bedeutung der Neuroinflammation bei der Parkinson-Erkrankung mit Fokus auf die zelluläre Pathologie von Astrozyten, Mikroglia und T-Lymphozyten differenziert in Modellsystemen und beim Menschen dargestellt. Sich daraus ableitende therapeutische Optionen, deren humane Anwendbarkeit sowie das Potential zur Verlaufsbeeinflussung der Parkinson-Erkrankung sind enorm und werden abschließend diskutiert.
Adducts of transition metal complexes with redox-active ligands: the structure and spin-state-switching rearrangements
Authors: Starikova Alyona A. , Minkin Vladimir I. 
Published: July 2018

The currently available literature data on the synthesis, molecular and electronic structure of mixed-ligand complexes (adducts) of transition metals (chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium) with organic redox-active ligands are systematically considered for the first time. The possibility of manifestation of magnetic bistability by adducts of tetracoordinate CoII and FeII complexes and the potential for their application as molecular switches are studied in detail by means of quantum chemical modelling of thermally initiated rearrangements controlled by the spin crossover and valence tautomerism mechanisms. Special attention is given to dinuclear adducts of CoII and FeII complexes with linearly bonded and polycyclic di-o-quinones and their imines, which can operate as thermally switchable elements of quantum computers suitable for practical implementation of two-qubit gates.
The bibliography includes 183 references.
Enhanced expression of MycN/CIP2A drives neural crest toward a neural stem cell-like fate: Implications for priming of neuroblastoma
Authors: Kerosuo Laura , Neppala Pushpa , Hsin Jenny , Mohlin Sofie , Vieceli Felipe Monteleone , Török Zsofia , Laine Anni , Westermarck Jukka , Bronner Marianne E. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Neuroblastoma is a neural crest-derived pediatric cancer that develops in the embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS). Studies of PNS progenitors have failed to uncover how tumors initiate or fully recapitulate the most aggressive forms of the disease. Previous transcriptome analysis reveals similarity between some neuroblastoma samples and neural stem cells. Here, we show that ectopic expression of MycN in the neural crest domain of the developing neural tube biases neural crest stem cells toward a more CNS neural stem cell-like fate and thus results in improperly specified neural crest cells. This may play a role as a priming event for tumor initiation, thus providing useful insights into understanding the mechanism behind neuroblastoma formation.
Stress-testing the relationship between T cell receptor/peptide-MHC affinity and cross-reactivity using peptide velcro
Authors: Gee Marvin H. , Sibener Leah V. , Birnbaum Michael E. , Jude Kevin M. , Yang Xinbo , Fernandes Ricardo A. , Mendoza Juan L. , Glassman Caleb R. , Garcia K. Christopher 
Published: July 2018

Significance
T cells recognize their targets through the T cell receptor (TCR). The affinity of a typical receptor for an agonist peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule is extremely weak, and TCRs are known to be cross-reactive for related peptides. However, there are known TCR/pMHC interactions that occur at weaker affinities, such as in thymic selection and recognition of self-antigens, yet little is known about the identity of these peptides. We show that TCR/pMHC interactions of extremely low affinities remain highly specific, which informs of the nature of extremely weak affinity ligands. We also show that a peptide “velcro” can induce peptide-dependent T cell activation, providing a method for increasing the potency of a target, which is useful in immunotherapy.
Computational resources associating diseases with genotypes, phenotypes and exposures
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Zhang Haiyue , Yang Huan , Li Miaoxin , Xie Zhi , Li Weizhong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe causes of a disease and its therapies are not only related to genotypes, but also associated with other factors, including phenotypes, environmental exposures, drugs and chemical molecules. Distinguishing disease-related factors from many neutral factors is critical as well as difficult. Over the past two decades, bioinformaticians have developed many computational resources to integrate the omics data and discover associations among these factors. However, researchers and clinicians are experiencing difficulties in choosing appropriate resources from hundreds of relevant databases and software tools. Here, in order to assist the researchers and clinicians, we systematically review the public computational resources of human diseases related to genotypes, phenotypes, environment factors, drugs and chemical exposures. We briefly describe the development history of these computational resources, followed by the details of the relevant databases and software tools. We finally conclude with a discussion of current challenges and future opportunities as well as prospects on this topic.
Cryfa: a secure encryption tool for genomic data
Authors: Hosseini Morteza , Pratas Diogo , Pinho Armando J 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Summary
The ever-increasing growth of high-throughput sequencing technologies has led to a great acceleration of medical and biological research and discovery. As these platforms advance, the amount of information for diverse genomes increases at unprecedented rates. Confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of such genomic information should be ensured due to its extremely sensitive nature. In this paper, we propose Cryfa, a fast secure encryption tool for genomic data, namely in Fasta, Fastq, VCF, SAM and BAM formats, which is also capable of reducing the storage size of Fasta and Fastq files. Cryfa uses advanced encryption standard (AES) encryption combined with a shuffling mechanism, which leads to a substantial enhancement of the security against low data complexity attacks. Compared to AES Crypt, a general-purpose encryption tool, Cryfa is an industry-oriented tool, which is able to provide confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of data at four times more speed; in addition, it can reduce the file sizes to 1/3. Due to the absence of a method similar to Cryfa, we have simulated its behavior with a combination of encryption and compression tools, for comparison purpose. For instance, our tool is nine times faster than its fastest competitor in Fasta files. Also, Cryfa has a very low memory usage (only a few megabytes), which makes it feasible to run on any computer.

Availability and implementation
Source codes and binaries are available, under GPLv3, at https://github.com/pratas/cryfa.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Survey of Open Data Platforms in Six UK Smart City Initiatives
Authors: Ghahremanlou Lida , H Tawil Abdel-Rahman , Kearney Paul , Nevisi Hossein , Zhao Xia , Abdallah Ali 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the feasibility studies submitted by six UK cities (London, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol and Milton Keynes). The datasets were collected during the period of February–March 2017 by exploring their Open Data resources, common visions of their smart programmes and the themes of their projects. The aim of this work is to raise awareness and access of the existing data resources, encourage alignment of data collection and curation among projects with compatible objectives in different cities and to identify the gaps in coverage that are hampering achievement of the cities’ visions. In this research, we distinguish between stored datasets that are accessible via data hubs, and live data that are only accessible via application programming interfaces in real time. Given that our findings are purely based on stored Open Data, we conclude that the Smart City dream will be only achieved in reality, where those involved in Smart Cities-related projects co-operate and share both experiences and resources in order to maximize progress towards the common goal but to minimize duplication of efforts and repetition of the same mistakes.
Sociability, Natural Jurisprudence, and Republicanism in the French Revolution: Jean-Baptiste Salaville’s Empiricist Science of the Legislator
Authors: Kim Minchul 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The radical ideas of the French Revolution are generally regarded as the offspring of the theory of social contract. However, even though the Revolutionaries cherished Rousseau’s legacy, the period was not without instances in which this legacy could be subject to variation and the notion of social contract could be attributed, in a decidedly negative tone, less to Rousseau than to Hobbes. In this context, the present study of Jean-Baptiste Salaville’s
L’Homme et la société, ou nouvelle théorie de la nature humaine et de l’état social
(1799) demonstrates that the idea of natural sociability could provide an opportunity to elaborate a radical republican future without the notion of social contract. Salaville’s political vision, built on the tradition of natural jurisprudence, posited a new idea of the general will and empiricist legislation in the last days of the French Revolution.
Examining the Impact of Psychological Factors on Hospital Length of Stay for Burn Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: O’Brien Kyle H , Lushin Victor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Recovery of burn patients may be impeded by mental health problems. By gaining a better understanding of the impact that psychological factors may have on hospital length of stay, providers may be better informed to address the complex needs of burn survivors through effective and efficient practices. This systematic review summarizes existing data on the adverse psychological factors for the length of burn patients’ hospitalization, and assesses the methodological quality of the extant literature on mental health conditions of burn survivors. A literature search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Science Direct, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results yielded reports published between 1980 and 2016. Methodological quality was assessed by using an 11-item methodological quality score system. Seventy-four studies were identified by search; 19 articles were eligible for analysis. Findings demonstrate paucity of evidence in the area. Reports indicate longer hospital stay among burn patients with mental health problems. Substance use was the most consistent mental-health predictor of longer hospital stay. Heterogeneity in data on mental health conditions rendered impossible estimation of effect sizes of individual psychological factors on length of hospitalization. Many studies over-relied on retrospective designs, and crude indicators of psychological factors. Findings indicate that mental health problems do have an impact on the trajectory of burn recovery by increasing the length of hospital stay for burn survivors. Inpatient mental health services for burn patients are critically needed. Prospective designs, and more sensitive psychological indicators are needed for future studies.
Associations and Heritability of Auditory Encoding, Gray Matter, and Attention in Schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Yu-Han , Howell Breannan , Edgar J Christopher , Huang Mingxiong , Kochunov Peter , Hunter Michael A , Wootton Cassandra , Lu Brett Y , Bustillo Juan , Sadek Joseph R , Miller Gregory A , Cañive José M 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Auditory encoding abnormalities, gray-matter loss, and cognitive deficits are all candidate schizophrenia (SZ) endophenotypes. This study evaluated associations between and heritability of auditory network attributes (function and structure) and attention in healthy controls (HC), SZ patients, and unaffected relatives (UR).

Methods
Whole-brain maps of M100 auditory activity from magnetoencephalography recordings, cortical thickness (CT), and a measure of attention were obtained from 70 HC, 69 SZ patients, and 35 UR. Heritability estimates (h2r) were obtained for M100, CT at each group-difference region, and the attention measure.

Results
SZ patients had weaker bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) M100 responses than HC and a weaker right frontal M100 response than UR. Abnormally large M100 responses in left superior frontal gyrus were observed in UR and SZ patients. SZ patients showed smaller CT in bilateral STG and right frontal regions. Interrelatedness between 3 putative SZ endophenotypes was demonstrated, although in the left STG the M100 and CT function−structure associations observed in HC and UR were absent in SZ patients. Heritability analyses also showed that right frontal M100 and bilateral STG CT measures are significantly heritable.

Conclusions
Present findings indicated that the 3 SZ endophenotypes examined are not isolated markers of pathology but instead are connected. The pattern of auditory encoding group differences and the pattern of brain function−structure associations differ as a function of brain region, indicating the need for regional specificity when studying these endophenotypes, and with the presence of left STG function−structure associations in HC and UR but not in SZ perhaps reflecting disease-associated damage to gray matter that disrupts function−structure relationships in SZ.
Fat storage‐inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) is less abundant in type 2 diabetes, and regulates triglyceride accumulation and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes
Authors: Agrawal Madhur , Yeo Chia Rou , Shabbir Asim , Chhay Vanna , Silver David L. , Magkos Faidon , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Toh Sue-Anne 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTFat storage–inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) aids in partitioning of cellular triacylglycerol into lipid droplets. A genome‐wide association study reported FITM2‐R3H domain containing like‐HNF4A locus to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in East Asian populations. Mice with adipose tissue (AT)‐specific FIT2 knockout exhibited lipodystrophic features, with reduced AT mass, insulin resistance, and greater inflammation in AT when fed a high‐fat diet. The role of FIT2 in regulating human adipocyte function is not known. Here, we found FIT2 protein abundance is lower in subcutaneous and omental AT obtained from patients with T2DM compared with nondiabetic control subjects. Partial loss of FIT2 protein in primary human adipocytes attenuated their lipid storage capacity and induced insulin resistance. After palmitate treatment, triacylglycerol accumulation, insulininduced Akt (Ser‐473) phosphorylation, and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake were significantly reduced in FIT2 knockdown adipocytes compared with control cells. Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐18 and IL‐6 and phosphorylation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker inositol‐requiring enzyme la were greater in FIT2 knockdown adipocytes than in control cells. Our results show for the first time that FIT2 is associated with T2DM in humans and plays an integral role in maintaining metabolically healthy AT function.—Agrawal, M., Yeo, C. R., Shabbir, A., Chhay, V., Silver, D. L., Magkos, F., Vidal‐Puig, A., Toh, S.‐A. Fat storage‐inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) is less abundant in type 2 diabetes, and regulates triglyceride accumulation and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. FASEB J. 33, 430–440 (2019). www.fasebj.org