bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanosekundenlaserbehandlung bei Chorioretinopathia centralis serosa ohne RPE-Defekte: eine retrospektive Fallserie
Authors: Funk Saskia , Fulga Roxana , Klabe Karsten , Breyer Detlev , Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim , Kaymak Hakan 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die Chorioretinopathia centralis serosa (CCS) ist eine ein- oder beidseitige Makulaerkrankung mit einer Abhebung der neurosensorischen Retina. Die Spontanresorptionsrate der subretinalen Flüssigkeit (SRF) bei der akuten CCS liegt bei etwa 68% innerhalb von 4 Monaten und 84% innerhalb von 6 Monaten.Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Behandlungserfolgs durch die selektive Nanolasertherapie bei CCS-Patienten ohne RPE-Atrophie gegenüber der aktuell empfohlenen konservativen Therapie.Methode Die retrospektive Auswertung umfasste 23 Augen von 23 Patienten ohne vorherige Therapie bei einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von bis zu 12 Monaten. Die Behandlung erfolgte mit dem 2RT®-Nanolaser Grid-Stimulation der Makula. Ausgewertet wurde die Änderung des bestkorrigierten Visus, der Makulasensitivität aus der Mikroperimetrie und der subretinalen Flüssigkeitshöhe. Alle Zielgrößen wurden 1, 3, 6 und 12 Monate nach der 1. Behandlung aufgenommen. Die Patienten erhielten keine substitutive Therapie.Ergebnis Zwei Monate nach der 1. Behandlung zeigte sich kumulativ bei 74%, nach 6 Monaten bei 91% der Patienten eine vollständige Resorption der subretinalen Flüssigkeit (SRF). Die zentrale Sehschärfe und die Makulasensitivität verbesserte sich von 0,18 ± 0,16 logMAR zu 0,09 ± 0,17 logMAR und 24,19 ± 3,96 dB zu 27,59 ± 2,89 dB signifikant. Die SRF reduzierte sich innerhalb eines Monats signifikant. Auffälligkeiten in der Angiografie oder Autofluoreszenz blieben aus. Bei keinem Patienten bildete sich im Beobachtungszeitraum eine sekundäre choroidale Neovaskularisation (CNV). Die anfängliche Flüssigkeitshöhe ist ein wesentlicher Faktor für eine schnellere Resorption.Schlussfolgerung Die Auswertung unserer Behandlungsergebnisse zeigt, dass die Therapie eine sichere und vielversprechende Methode darstellt. Patienten mit einer CCS ohne bestehende RPE-Defekte (RPE: retinales Pigmentepithel) profitieren durch die Behandlung mit dem 2RT®-Nanolaser, damit verbunden ist eine wahrnehmbare Funktionsverbesserung.
Stauungspapille, Pseudotumor cerebri und idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension – Was gibt es Neues?
Authors: Biermann Julia 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Differenzierung von Stauungspapille, Papillenschwellung und Pseudopapillenschwellung (z. B. kleine, hyperope oder schräge Papillen) bereitet dem Ophthalmologen häufig Schwierigkeiten. Dies führt nicht selten zu Fehldiagnosen, Überdiagnostik und Verzögerungen in der Behandlung. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die neue Literatur zur Stauungspapille im Rahmen des Pseudotumor-cerebri-Syndroms zusammen und vertieft das Verständnis zur Diagnostik und Therapie bei idiopathischer intrakranieller Hypertension (IIH). Dabei wird deutlich, dass sich viele neue Erkenntnisse ergeben haben, wie z. B. der neue Phänotyp des IIH-typischen Kopfschmerzes, der Einsatz der OCT bei der Verlaufsbeurteilung der Stauungspapille und erste Ib-Evidenzstudien zur Therapie mit Acetazolamid. Die Optikusscheidenmeningozele ist eine seltene Differenzialdiagnose in diesem Kontext.
Radical-Mediated Difunctionalization of Styrenes
Authors: Bao Xiazhen , Li Jun , Jiang Wei , Huo Congde 
Published: October 2019

Styrene, an extremely important compound in the chemical industry, is mainly produced by the dehydrogenation or oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. Transformation of this raw organic material to more useful fine organic chemicals is a very significant topic. Recently, the radical difunctionalization of styrene has become a powerful and efficient tool for organic synthesis. This strategy can introduce two substituents into a styrene molecule in one step via addition to the C=C bond, enhancing the molecular complexity in a single operation with good selectivity and wide functional group compatibility.1	Introduction2	C-Centered Radicals3	CF3 and Other Polyfluoroalkyl Radicals4	N-Centered Radicals5	P-Centered Radicals6	O-Centered Radicals7	S-Centered Radicals8	Other-Atom-Centered Radicals9	Conclusion and Perspective
Fulminant Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Multiple Organ Dysfunction in a Toddler with Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome-13
Authors: Nardi Nicolas , Proulx François , Brunel-Guiton Catherine , Oligny Luc L. , Piché Nelson , Mitchell Grant A. , Joyal Jean Sébastien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is exceptional after the neonatal period. A toddler with encephalopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy developed fatal NEC and multiple organ dysfunction within 48 hours of the introduction of enteral feeding. She was subsequently found to have pathogenic mutations in FBXL4, a cause of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-13. Intestinal dysmotility in the context of deficient mitochondrial respiration may have contributed to the development of NEC. Current paradigms call for early introduction of enteral nutrition to reinstate energy homeostasis. Enteral feeding should be administered with caution during metabolic crises of patients with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes.
Investigation of Bosentan's Effects on Pulmonary Contusion Created by Blunt Thoracic Trauma in Rats
Authors: Gercel Gonca , Aksu Burhan , Ozkanli Seyma , Uzun Hafize , Aksu Feyza , Ozatman Erdem , Durakbaşa Çiğdem Ulukaya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Bosentan is an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects. We aimed to evaluate its effects on lung tissue in a pulmonary contusion (PC) model.
Materials and Methods The rats were randomly divided into five groups: PC3: PC evaluated on the 3rd day (n = 8), PC-B3: PC enteral bosentan 100 mg/kg/day, for 3 days (n = 8), PC7: PC evaluated on the 7th day (n = 7), PC-B7: PC 7 days bosentan 100 mg/kg/day, for 7 days (n = 8), C: control (n = 6). Unilateral lung contusion was created by dropping a metal weight onto the chest. The rats were sacrificed on the 3rd or the 7th days. The lung tissue was evaluated histopathologically for alveolar edema, congestion, and leukocyte infiltration, biochemically for malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and immunohistochemically for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and apoptosis scores.
Results Alveolar edema, congestion, and leukocyte infiltration scores were increased in all groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05) and decreased in bosentan-treated groups compared with the relevant nontreated groups (p < 0.05). Fibrosis was observed only in PC7 and PC-B7 groups. Bosentan did not have any effect on fibrosis development. iNOS and eNOS levels were higher in all groups compared with the control (p < 0.05) without a difference in the nontreated versus treated groups (p > 0.05). Bosentan treatment caused decreased MDA and increased SOD levels in comparison to the nontreated groups (p < 0.05). Tissue NO levels did not show any significant difference among groups. PC groups had higher levels of apoptosis compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The degree of apoptosis decreased in bosentan-treated groups compared with the nontreated groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion PC causes progressive lung tissue damage. Bosentan reduced leukocyte infiltration and alveolar edema and congestion caused by PC. It also decreased MDA levels and increased SOD levels. Bosentan prevents tissue damage by inhibiting acute inflammatory response and reduces oxidative stress secondary to inflammation. It has therapeutic effects on apoptosis.
The mean gauges in bimetric relativity
Authors: Torsello Francesco 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The choice of gauge in numerical relativity is crucial in avoiding coordinate and curvature singularities. In addition, the gauge can affect the well-posedness of the system. In this work, we consider the mean gauges, established with respect to the geometric mean metric

in bimetric relativity. We consider three gauge conditions widely used in numerical relativity, and compute them with respect to the geometric mean: The

gauge condition and the maximal slicing for the lapse function of

, and the

-driver gauge condition for the shift vector of

. In addition, in the bimetric covariant BSSN formalism, there are other arbitrary choices to be made before evolving the system. We show that it is possible to make them by using the geometric mean metric, which is determined dynamically by the system, rather than using an arbitrary external metric, as in general relativity. These choices represent opportunities to recast the system in a well-posed form.
Study of lateral density distributions of Cherenkov photons in extensive air showers at primary energy 50 GeV and above
Authors: Das Prity Rekha , Boruah Kalyanee 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An EAS (extensive air shower) refers to the cascade of secondary particles created from the interactions of high energy primary cosmic ray particles with the air nuclei and subsequent decay of the particles produced. Ultra-relativistic secondary charged particles in the atmosphere produce Cherenkov radiation, which may be detected by ground based detector array. Such an array, HAGAR (High Altitude GAmma Ray) experiment is operating at Hanle, Ladakh, at an energy threshold of about 100 GeV, which will be lowered to 50 GeV using MACE telescope. We have studied the simulations of the distribution patterns of lateral density of Cherenkov photons generated in EAS for different primary particles (γ, p) incident with the fixed primary energy 50 GeV and these are compared with those of 100 GeV showers using the standard CORSIKA code. From our study it has been found that, for all primary particles, the variation of lateral density distribution of Cherenkov photons almost obey the functional relation, ρch
(r) = ρ0 e(−βr). The steepness of the lateral distribution function is found to depend on the primary mass composition. Further a prominent hump is observed in the lateral distribution for gamma shower only.
Farmer adaptation to reduced groundwater availability
Authors: Running Katrina , Burnham Morey , Wardropper Chloe , Ma Zhao , Hawes Jason , du Bray Margaret V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The sustainability of agriculture in the American West depends on the capacity of farmers to adapt to water resource constraints. Most US studies of agricultural adaptations measure farmers’ willingness to adopt various water use reduction strategies, meaning we have little empirical data on which strategies farmers implement and how these decisions impact their farms. We use survey data from 265 farmers in southeastern Idaho who, beginning in 2016, were required to cut annual groundwater withdrawals by 4%–20% to identify (1) the adaptation practices farmers implemented; (2) how reported crop yields and farm income were impacted; and (3) how adaptation practices varied by farm and farmer characteristics. We found the most commonly used adaptations were reduced spending, installation of more efficient irrigation systems or less frequent watering, and changing crop rotations. Farmers reported losing on average 7.6% of their yield and 8.4% of their income over the first two years of the water cuts. We found no systematic variation based on specific farm or farmer characteristics. Drawing on these results and prior research, we present a typology of adaptation categories intended to inform future research, allow comparisons to adaptation strategies elsewhere, and assist policymakers in designing effective policy interventions.
4D biofabrication of skeletal muscle microtissues
Authors: Apsite Indra , Uribe Juan Manuel , Posada Andrés Fernando , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Salehi Sahar , Ionov Leonid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant tissues in the body. Although it has a relatively good regeneration capacity, it cannot heal in the case of disease or severe damage. Many current tissue engineering strategies fall short due to the complex structure of skeletal muscle. Biofabrication techniques have emerged as a popular set of methods for increasing the complexity of tissue-like constructs. In this paper, 4D biofabrication technique is introduced for fabrication of the skeletal muscle microtissues. To this end, a bilayer scaffold consisting of a layer of anisotropic methacrylated alginate fibers (AA-MA) and aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers were fabricated using electrospinning and later induced to self-fold to encapsulate myoblasts. Bilayer mats undergo shape-transformation in an aqueous buffer, a process that depends on their overall thickness, the thickness of each layer and the geometry of the mat. Proper selection of these parameters allowed fabrication of scroll-like tubes encapsulating myoblasts. The myoblasts were shown to align along the axis of the anisotropic PCL fibers and further differentiated into aligned myotubes that contracted under electrical stimulation. Overall the significance of this approach is in the fabrication of hollow tubular constructs that can be further developed for the formation of a vascularized and functional muscle.
Cross-activity of honeybee queen mandibular pheromone in bumblebees provides evidence for sensory exploitation
Authors: Princen Sarah A , Van Oystaeyen Annette , Petit Clément , van Zweden Jelle S , Wenseleers Tom 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe evolutionary origin of queen pheromones (QPs), which regulate reproductive division of labor in insect societies, has been explained by two evolutionary scenarios: the sender-precursor hypothesis and the sensory exploitation hypothesis. These scenarios differ in terms of whether the signaling system was built on preadaptations on the part of either the sender queens or the receiver workers. While some social insect QPs—such as cuticular hydrocarbons—were likely derived from ancestral fertility cues and evolved according to the former theory, the honeybee’s queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) has been suggested to act directly on preexisting gene-regulatory networks linked with reproduction. This is evidenced by the fact that QMP has been shown to also inhibit ovary activation in fruit flies, thereby implying exploitation of conserved physiological pathways. To verify whether QMP has similar effects on more closely related eusocial species, we here tested for QMP cross-activity in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Interestingly, we found that the non-native QMP blend significantly inhibited egg laying in both worker and queen bumblebees and caused accompanying shifts in ovary activation. The native bumblebee QP pentacosane, by contrast, only inhibited the reproduction of the workers. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that honeybee QMP likely evolved via a route of sensory exploitation. We argue that such exploitation could allow social insect queens to produce compounds that manipulate the workers to remain sterile, but that a major hurdle would be that the queens themselves would have to be immune to such compounds.
DRUDIT: web-based DRUgs DIscovery Tools to design small molecules as modulators of biological targets
Authors: Lauria Antonino , Mannino Salvatore , Gentile Carla , Mannino Giuseppe , Martorana Annamaria , Peri Daniele 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Motivation
New in silico tools to predict biological affinities for input structures are presented. The tools are implemented in the DRUDIT (DRUgs DIscovery Tools) web service. The DRUDIT biological finder module is based on molecular descriptors that are calculated by the MOLDESTO (MOLecular DEScriptors TOol) software module developed by the same authors, which is able to calculate more than one thousand molecular descriptors. At this stage, DRUDIT includes 250 biological targets, but new external targets can be added. This feature extends the application scope of DRUDIT to several fields. Moreover, two more functions are implemented: the multi- and on/off-target tasks. These tools applied to input structures allow for predicting the polypharmacology and evaluating the collateral effects.

Results
The applications described in the article show that DRUDIT is able to predict a single biological target, to identify similarities among biological targets, and to discriminate different target isoforms. The main advantages of DRUDIT for the scientific community lie in its ease of use by worldwide scientists and the possibility to be used also without specific, and often expensive, hardware and software. In fact, it is fully accessible through the WWW from any device to perform calculations. Just a click or a tap can start tasks to predict biological properties for new compounds or repurpose drugs, lead compounds, or unsuccessful compounds. To date, DRUDIT is supported by four servers each able to execute 8 jobs simultaneously.

Availability and implementation
The web service is accessible at the www.drudit.com URL and its use is free of charge.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CCR2 mediates the adverse effects of LPS in the pregnant mouse
Authors: Hua Renyi , Edey Lydia F , O’Dea Kieran P , Howe Laura , Herbert Bronwen R , Cheng Weiwei , Zheng Xia , MacIntyre David A , Bennett Philip R , Takata Masao , Johnson Mark R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In our earlier work, we found that intrauterine (i.u.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS (10-μg serotype 0111:B4) induced preterm labor (PTL) with high pup mortality, marked systemic inflammatory response and hypotension. Here, we used both i.u. and i.p. LPS models in pregnant wild-type (wt) and CCR2 knockout (CCR2−/−) mice on E16 to investigate the role played by the CCL2/CCR2 system in the response to LPS.
Basally, lower numbers of monocytes and macrophages and higher numbers of neutrophils were found in the myometrium, placenta, and blood of CCR2−/− vs. wt mice. After i.u. LPS, parturition occurred at 14 h in both groups of mice. At 7 h post-injection, 70% of wt pups were dead vs. 10% of CCR2−/− pups, but at delivery 100% of wt and 90% of CCR2−/− pups were dead. Myometrial and placental monocytes and macrophages were generally lower in CCR2−/− mice, but this was less consistent in the circulation, lung, and liver. At 7 h post-LPS, myometrial ERK activation was greater and JNK and p65 lower and the mRNA levels of chemokines were higher and of inflammatory cytokines lower in CCR2−/− vs. wt mice. Pup brain and placental inflammation were similar. Using the IP LPS model, we found that all measures of arterial pressure increased in CCR2−/− but declined in wt mice.
These data suggest that the CCL2/CCR2 system plays a critical role in the cardiovascular response to LPS and contributes to pup death but does not influence the onset of inflammation-induced PTL.
On semiparametric estimation of a path-specific effect in the presence of mediator-outcome confounding
Authors: Miles C H , Shpitser I , Kanki P , Meloni S , Tchetgen Tchetgen E J 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Path-specific effects constitute a broad class of mediated effects from an exposure to an outcome via one or more causal pathways along a set of intermediate variables. Most of the literature concerning estimation of mediated effects has focused on parametric models, with stringent assumptions regarding unmeasured confounding. We consider semiparametric inference of a path-specific effect when these assumptions are relaxed. In particular, we develop a suite of semiparametric estimators for the effect along a pathway through a mediator, but not through an exposure-induced confounder of that mediator. These estimators have different robustness properties, as each depends on different parts of the likelihood of the observed data. One estimator is locally semiparametric efficient and multiply robust. The latter property implies that machine learning can be used to estimate nuisance functions. We demonstrate these properties, as well as finite-sample properties of all the estimators, in a simulation study. We apply our method to an HIV study, in which we estimate the effect comparing two drug treatments on a patient’s average log CD4 count mediated by the patient’s level of adherence, but not by previous experience of toxicity, which is clearly affected by which treatment the patient is assigned to and may confound the effect of the patient’s level of adherence on their virologic outcome.
Complex Evolutionary Origins of Specialized Metabolite Gene Cluster Diversity among the Plant Pathogenic Fungi of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex
Authors: Tralamazza Sabina Moser , Rocha Liliana Oliveira , Oggenfuss Ursula , Corrêa Benedito , Croll Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFungal genomes encode highly organized gene clusters that underlie the production of specialized (or secondary) metabolites. Gene clusters encode key functions to exploit plant hosts or environmental niches. Promiscuous exchange among species and frequent reconfigurations make gene clusters some of the most dynamic elements of fungal genomes. Despite evidence for high diversity in gene cluster content among closely related strains, the microevolutionary processes driving gene cluster gain, loss, and neofunctionalization are largely unknown. We analyzed the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) composed of plant pathogens producing potent mycotoxins and causing Fusarium head blight on cereals. We de novo assembled genomes of previously uncharacterized FGSC members (two strains of F. austroamericanum, F. cortaderiae, and F. meridionale). Our analyses of 8 species of the FGSC in addition to 15 other Fusarium species identified a pangenome of 54 gene clusters within FGSC. We found that multiple independent losses were a key factor generating extant cluster diversity within the FGSC and the Fusarium genus. We identified a modular gene cluster conserved among distantly related fungi, which was likely reconfigured to encode different functions. We also found strong evidence that a rare cluster in FGSC was gained through an ancient horizontal transfer between bacteria and fungi. Chromosomal rearrangements underlying cluster loss were often complex and were likely facilitated by an enrichment in specific transposable elements. Our findings identify important transitory stages in the birth and death process of specialized metabolism gene clusters among very closely related species.