bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Clinical, Diagnostic, and Advanced Imaging Characterization of the Ocular Surface in Spontaneous Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Disease in Dogs
Authors: Leonard Brian C. , Stewart Kathleen A. , Shaw Gillian C. , Hoehn Alyssa L. , Stanley Amelia A. , Murphy Christopher J. , Thomasy Sara M. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To perform a comprehensive clinical, diagnostic, and imaging characterization of the ocular surface in West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs) diagnosed with aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) disease.

Methods:
Six ADDE-affected and 13 ADDE-unaffected WHWT dogs were enrolled and underwent clinical assessment and disease scoring, tear osmolarity, phenol red thread test, Schirmer tear test, tear film breakup time, fluorescein staining, Rose bengal and lissamine green vital dye staining, meibometry, corneal esthesiometry, ultrasound pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, and conjunctival biopsy. Subjective assessment of their condition was provided by owner-reported surveys.

Results:
ADDE-affected WHWT dogs had higher median clinical disease (conjunctiva: 5.75 vs. 0.00; cornea: 14.00 vs. 5.00; total: 17.50 vs. 5.00), vital staining (Rose bengal: 2.25 vs. 1.50; lissamine green: 2.00 vs. 1.00), and histologic disease (conjunctiva: 2 vs. 0) scores when compared with the controls. In addition, ADDE-affected WHWTs had significantly lower phenol red thread test (5.0 vs. 17.5, mm/15 s), Schirmer tear test (3 vs. 20, mm/min), tear film breakup time (3.6 vs. 13.9, s) values and higher area under the curve values for meibometry (394 vs. 245, meibometry units [MU]). There were no significant differences in other tear film tests performed. Advanced imaging revealed decreased tear meniscus height (optical coherence tomography) and variable pigment deposition within corneal epithelial cells (in vivo confocal microscopy).

Conclusions:
This comprehensive assessment of ADDE-affected WHWTs depicts the ocular surface changes associated with quantitative lacrimal gland dysfunction. Importantly, ADDE-affected WHWTs may prove a valuable naturally occurring ADDE model for investigating underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutics.
Potentially inappropriate medicine prescribing by nurse practitioners in New Zealand
Authors: Poot Betty , Nelson Katherine , Zonneveld Rebecca , Weatherall Mark 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Nurse practitioners (NPs) in New Zealand (NZ) prescribe a broad range of medicines; little is known about their prescribing practice for older adults. Potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) can cause more harm than benefit. This study reports on the prescribing of PIMs to older adults (≥65 years) by NPs in NZ.

Methods:
A subset analysis using data from NZ Ministry of Health pharmaceutical collection from 2013 to 2015 was completed. Data included NP registration number, medicines dispensed, patient age, sex, and NZ Deprivation level. Those <65 years were excluded. Beers 2015 criteria were used to identify the PIMs.

Results:
There were 106 NPs that prescribed medicines to 12,410 patients aged ≥65 years. One third of the patients were prescribed ≥1 PIMss. Most (68.4%) were prescribed one PIM; 21.9% two PIMs; 7.1% three PIMs; and 2.6% were prescribed ≥4 PIMs. NPs prescribed an average of 14.9% PIMs. Primary care NPs were more likely to prescribe PIMs, compared to those with a scope of older adults and long-term conditions (p ≤ 0.001). The most common Beers 2015 PIMs prescribed were proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alpha blockers, hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and benzodiazepines.

Implications for practice:
NPs prescribe lower rates of PIMs to older adults than other prescribers in NZ. However, prescribing practices can be improved and the findings indicate that a more specific educational focus on prescribing to older adults is required. The findings provide an important baseline internationally for NP PIM prescribing and can be used by NPs, and educationally to review and improve practices.
Diversity and dysmorphology
Authors: Kruszka Paul , Tekendo-Ngongang Cedrik , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Dysmorphic features result from errors in morphogenesis frequently associated with genetic syndromes. Recognizing patterns of dysmorphic features is a critical step in the diagnosis and management of human congenital anomalies and genetic syndromes. This review presents recent developments in genetic syndromes and their related dysmorphology in diverse populations.

Recent findings
Clinical findings in patients with genetic syndromes differ in their heterogeneity across different population groups. Some genetic syndromes have variable features in different ethnicities, in part due to specific background exam characteristics such as flat facial profiles or nasal differences; however, other genetic syndromes are similar across different ethnicities. Facial analysis technology is accurate in diagnosing genetic syndromes in populations around the world and is a powerful adjunct to conventional clinical examination. This accuracy also reinforces the concept that genetic syndromes can and should be diagnosed in any ethnicity.

Summary
The increasing amount of data from studies on genetic syndromes in diverse populations is significantly improving our knowledge and approach to dysmorphic patients from various ethnic backgrounds. Optimal management of genetic syndromes requires early diagnosis, including in developing countries.
Chimeric xenotransplantation
Authors: Oldani Graziano , Lacotte Stéphanie , Toso Christian 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for selected patients with end-stage organ disease or specific cancer types. Its main limitations are the chronic lack of grafts and the lifetime need for immunosuppression. The advent of autologous organs generated into xenogeneic species has the potential to solve these issues.

Recent findings
The current review discusses about the recent discoveries in the filed of organ generation by interspecific pre and postimplantation embryo complementation. Moreover, it describes the recent progress in postnatal xenogeneic liver repopulation and the transplantation of chimeric tissues and organs.

Summary
Thanks to the groundbreaking discoveries of the last few years, these strategies are becoming more and more real, yet with still a number of key steps to overcome.
The Anatomy of the Sigmoid-Transverse Junction According to the Tentorial Angle
Authors: Vatansever Alper , Mut Melike , Ergun K. Mine , Oğuz Kader Karli , Gümeler Ekim , Bulut Elif , Tatar Ilkan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dural sinuses have critical importance during intracranial approaches. Detailed anatomical knowledge of the dural sinuses is crucial for surgeons to reduce unexpected venous bleeding. The aim of this study was to investigate anatomical relation of sigmoid sinus and tentorium cerebelli according to clinically palpable landmarks and cranial morphometry. The authors evaluated 222 individuals’ (94 women, 128 men) 3-dimensional computed tomography angiograms, retrospectively. The authors also studied on 12 mid-sagittal cut dried hemiskulls and 8 formalin fixed cadaver heads hemisected midsagitally. All measurements were completed using Osirix-Lite version 9 software. Craniometrical values were measured to define cranium morphology. Furthermore, level of the sigmoid sinus according to asterion and tentorial angle were evaluated in detail. Our results demonstrated that there were significant differences between parameters and genders, except vertical angle of the tentorium cerebelli. Distance between asterion and sigmoid sinus was statistically different between right and left sides in favor of the left side. This also varied depending on the position of the sigmoid sinus, as well. Only transverse angle between the upper point of external acoustic meatus and asterion demonstrated a significant correlation with age. This study evaluated the detailed 3D anatomy of sigmoid sinus and tentorium cerebelli related with the cranium morphology. Determining to sigmoid sinus anatomy according to clinically palpable landmarks has advantages for setting surgical protocols and reducing to unexpected injuries while surgery to these structures.
Bonegraft Wrap Technique: Avoiding Accentuated Labiomental Groove After Genioplasty
Authors: Klüppel Leandro Eduardo , Trento Guilherme , Claudino Guilherme , Sebastiani Aline Monise , Scariot Rafaela 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work presents the wrap technique developed by the authors aiming to avoid the occurrence of unaesthetic deep labiomental fold in genioplasty. The technique recommends the use of particulate bone graft that is wrapped on collagen or a Surgicel membrane which is placed over the osteotomized segment of the chin fixated with a prebent 4-hole titanium plate.
The Role of Bacterial Etiology in the Tear Duct Infections Secondary to Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstructions
Authors: Bekmez Sinan , Eriş Erdem , Altan Emir Volkan , Dursun Vecihe 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To define the microbiological features of dacryocystitis in childhood.

Methods:
Patients with dacryocystitis secondary to CNLDO between 2017 and 2019 in Izmir, Turkey were included in the study. Inclusion criteria of the study were: mucopurulent secretion, being under 4 years old and not having received prior antibiotic treatment. Samples from secretion were cultivated in sheep blood agar, eosin methylene blue, and chocolate agar. Reproduction was checked intermittently. Clinically significant growths were reported.

Results:
Seventy patients with dacryocystitis secondary to CNLDO were included in the study. Sixty percent of patients were female (n = 42) and 40% (n = 28) percent of patients were male. The average age of participants was 2.09 ± 0.68 (1–3) years old. Positive bacterial proliferation results were noted in 20 patients (28.6%). Eighty percent (n = 16) of culture-positive bacterias were gram-negative bacterias and 20% (4) were gram-positive bacterias. Twenty percent of culture-positive bacterias were aerobic and 80% were facultative bacterias. The most common bacteria seen in culture specimen was Haemophilus 40% (Haemophilus haemolyticus [20%] and Haemophilus influenzae [20%]).

Conclusions:
Gram-negative organisms especially Haemophilus were most prevalent. These findings could be helpful for antibiotic selection.
The Effects of Intraoperative Tarsorrhaphy on Conjunctival Chemosis During Orbital Fracture Repair Surgery
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Fan , Li Zhengkang , Deng Yuan 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
We employed intraoperative tarsorrhaphy depending on the degree of edema to treat moderate conjunctival chemosis during orbital fracture repair surgery.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case review of 1367 patients (1384 eyes) who underwent orbital fracture repair surgery by a transconjunctival approach. All cases of moderate conjunctival chemosis during surgery were included and were divided into 2 groups. In one group, intraoperative tarsorrhaphy was performed immediately the chemosis reached a moderate degree and the conjunctiva was incarcerated by the lower eyelid margin; once severe chemosis developed, stitches were added to cover all of the prolapsed conjunctiva with a palpebral margin. In the second group, moderate chemosis was treated with bandage pressure without stitches even after appearance of severe chemosis. The time course of conjunctival edema was recorded.

Results:
The incidence of moderate conjunctival chemosis in orbital reconstruction surgery by the transconjunctival approach was 9.4%. The average time for resolution of moderate chemosis in the tarsorrhaphy group (3.5 ± 1.4 days) was obviously shorter than in the bandage group (6.2 ± 1.9 days). The incidence of severe chemosis in the intraoperative tarsorrhaphy group (14.1%) was significantly lower than in the bandage group (31.8%). Overall, the total duration of severe chemosis in the tarsorrhaphy group was obviously shorter than that of the bandage group.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative tarsorrhaphy was a highly effective method of treating moderate chemosis and preventing severe conjunctival chemosis during orbital fracture repair surgery.
Incubation periods impact the spatial predictability of outbreaks: analysis of cholera and Ebola outbreaks in Sierra Leone
Authors: Kahn Rebecca , Peak Corey M. , Fernández-Gracia Juan , Hill Alexandra , Jambai Amara , Ganda Louisa , Castro Marcia C. , Buckee Caroline O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractForecasting the spatiotemporal spread of infectious diseases during an outbreak is an important component of epidemic response. However, it remains challenging both methodologically and with respect to data requirements as disease spread is influenced by numerous factors, including the pathogen’s underlying transmission parameters and epidemiological dynamics, social networks and population connectivity, and environmental conditions. Here, using data from Sierra Leone we analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of recent cholera and Ebola outbreaks and compare and contrast the spread of these two pathogens in the same population. We develop a simulation model of the spatial spread of an epidemic in order to examine the impact of a pathogen’s incubation period on the dynamics of spread and the predictability of outbreaks. We find that differences in the incubation period alone can determine the limits of predictability for diseases with different natural history, both empirically and in our simulations. Our results show that diseases with longer incubation periods, such as Ebola, where infected individuals can travel further before becoming infectious, result in more long-distance sparking events and less predictable disease trajectories, as compared to the more predictable wave-like spread of diseases with shorter incubation periods, such as cholera.Significance statementUnderstanding how infectious diseases spread is critical for preventing and containing outbreaks. While advances have been made in forecasting epidemics, much is still unknown. Here we show that the incubation period – the time between exposure to a pathogen and onset of symptoms – is an important factor in predicting spatiotemporal spread of disease and provides one explanation for the different trajectories of the recent Ebola and cholera outbreaks in Sierra Leone. We find that outbreaks of pathogens with longer incubation periods, such as Ebola, tend to have less predictable spread, whereas pathogens with shorter incubation periods, such as cholera, spread in a more predictable, wavelike pattern. These findings have implications for the scale and timing of reactive interventions, such as vaccination campaigns.
Tolerance to NADH/NAD+ imbalance anticipates aging and anti-aging interventions
Authors: Alonso-Lavin Alvar J. , Bajić Djordje , Poyatos Juan F. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryRedox couples coordinate cellular function, but the consequences of their imbalances are unclear. This is somewhat associated with the limitations of their experimental quantification. Here we circumvent these difficulties by presenting a new approach that characterizes fitness-based tolerance profiles to redox couple imbalances using an in silico representation of metabolism. Focusing on the NADH/NAD+ redox couple in yeast, we demonstrate that reductive disequilibria generate metabolic syndromes comparable to those observed in cancer cells. The tolerance of yeast mutants to redox disequilibrium can also explain 30% of the variability in their experimentally measured chronological lifespan. Moreover, by predicting the significance of some metabolites to help stand imbalances, we correctly identify nutrients underlying mechanisms of pathology, lifespan-protecting molecules or caloric restriction mimetics. Tolerance to redox imbalances becomes thus a valid framework to recognize fundamental properties of the aging phenotype while providing a firm biological rationale to assess anti-aging interventions.
The porcine deltacoronavirus replication organelle comprises double membrane vesicles and zippered endoplasmic reticulum with double membrane spherules
Authors: Doyle Nicole , Hawes Philippa C. , Simpson Jennifer , Adams Lorin H. , Maier Helena J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was first identified in Hong Kong in 2012 from samples taken from pigs in 2009. PDCoV was subsequently identified in the USA in 2014 in pigs with a history of severe diarrhea and the virus has now been detected in pigs in several countries around the world. Following the development of tissue culture adapted strains of PDCoV, it is now possible to begin to address questions regarding virus-host cell interactions for this genera of coronavirus. Here we present a detailed study of PDCoV induced replication organelles. All positive strand RNA viruses induce the rearrangement of cellular membranes during virus replication to support viral RNA synthesis, forming the replication organelle. Replication organelles for theAlpha-,Beta- andGammacoronavirusgenera have been characterized. However the structures induced by deltacoronaviruses, in particular the presence of convoluted membranes or double membrane spherules, are unknown. Initially, the dynamics of PDCoV strain OH-FD22 replication were assessed with the onset of viral RNA synthesis, protein synthesis and progeny particle release determined. Subsequently, virus induced membrane rearrangements were identified in infected cells by electron microscopy. As has been observed for all other coronaviruses studied to date, PDCoV replication was found to induce the formation of double membrane vesicles. Significantly however, PDCoV replication was also found to induce the formation of regions of zippered endoplasmic reticulum and small associated tethered vesicles, double membrane spherules. These structures strongly resemble the replication organelle induced by avianGammacoronavirusinfectious bronchitis virus.
Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Circulating Adipokines and C-reactive Protein on Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Robinson T , Martin RM , Yarmolinsky J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdipokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been proposed as molecular mediators linking adiposity to breast cancer (BCa). Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as proxies for risk factors to strengthen causal inference in observational studies. We performed a MR analysis to evaluate the causal relevance of six circulating adipokines (adiponectin, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6, leptin receptor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin) and CRP in risk of overall and oestrogen receptor-stratified BCa in up to 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls. Genetic instruments were constructed from single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly (P<5×10−8) associated with risk factors in genome-wide association studies. In MR analyses, there was evidence for a causal effect of hepatocyte growth factor on ER- BCa (OR per SD increase:1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.35;P=0.035) but little evidence for effects of other adipokines or CRP on overall or oestrogen receptor-stratified BCa. Collectively, these findings do not support an important etiological role of various adipokines or CRP in BCa risk.
Detection of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus from crude plant extracts using Reverse Transcriptase- Recombinase Polymerase Amplification in endpoint and real-time
Authors: Martinez Juan Francisco Iturralde , Rosa Cristina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVirus detection in early stages of infection could prove useful for identification and isolation of foci of inoculum before its spread to the rest of susceptible individuals via vectoring insects. However, the low number of viruses present at the beginning of infection renders their detection and identification difficult and requires the use of highly sensitive laboratory techniques that are often incompatible with a field application.To obviate this challenge, we designed a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification, a molecular technique that makes millions of copies of a predefined region in the genome, in this case of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus. The reaction occurs at 39 ℃ and can be used directly from crude plant extracts without nucleic acid extraction. Notably, positive results can be seen with the naked eye as a flocculus made of newly synthesized DNA and metallic beads.The objective of the procedure is to create a portable and affordable system that can isolate and identify viruses in the field, from infected plants and suspected insect vectors, and can be used by scientists and extension managers for making informed decisions for viral management. Results can be obtained in situ without the need of sending the samples to a specialized lab.
GRP78 promotes stemness in normal and neoplastic cells
Authors: Conner Clay , Lager Tyson W. , Guldner Ian H. , Wu Min-Zu , Hishida Yuriko , Hishida Tomoaki , Ruiz Sergio , Yamasaki Amanda E. , Gilson Robert C. , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos , Gray Peter C. , Kelber Jonathan A. , Zhang Siyuan , Panopoulos Athanasia D. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTReliable approaches to identify stem cell mechanisms that mediate aggressive cancer could have great therapeutic value, based on the growing evidence of embryonic signatures in metastatic cancers. However, how to best identify and target stem-like mechanisms aberrantly acquired by cancer cells has been challenging. We harnessed the power of reprogramming to examine GRP78, a chaperone protein generally restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum in normal tissues, but which is expressed on the cell surface of human embryonic stem cells and many cancer types. We have discovered that (1) cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78) is expressed on iPSCs and is important in reprogramming, (2) sGRP78 promotes cellular functions in both pluripotent and breast cancer cells (3) overexpression of GRP78 in breast cancer cells leads to an induction of a CD24-/CD44+ tumor initiating cell (TIC) population (4) sGRP78+ breast cancer cells are enriched for stemness genes and appear to be a subset of TICs (5) sGRP78+ breast cancer cells show an enhanced ability to seed metastatic organ sites in vivo. These collective findings show that GRP78 has important functions in regulating both pluripotency and oncogenesis, and suggest that sGRP78 marks a stem-like population in breast cancer cells that has increased metastatic potential in vivo.