bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulation of Fungi of the Genus Candida in Children's and Adult Multi Purpose Hospitals
Authors: Petrukhina M. I. , Martynova2 A. M. , Politova N. G. , Starostina N. V. , Cairo A. N. 
Published: July 2018

The aimof the work is to study the circulation of fungi of the genus Candida in children's and adult multi purpose hospitals.Materials and methods.A total of 61,226 studies of material obtained from patients in the children's hospital were performed. A positive result was registered in 27 060 cases (44.2%). In an adult hospital, 8647 samples were tested, of which 1988 (23.0%) were positive.Results and discussion.Among the representatives of the fungi of the genus Candida, C. albicans 752 strains (61.3%) were isolated in the overwhelming number of patients of the children's hospital, C. papapsilosis – 15.1%, C. famata – 11.6%, and C. glabrata – 8.0%. Other representatives of the genus were rare enough, in particular: C. krusei and C. gullermondii – 1.1%, respectively. The greatest number of fungi of the genus – was allocated from patients in the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care – 467 strains (38.1% of all the fungi isolated), 186 strains (15.2%) in the Otorhinolaryngological department, 87 out of 87 (7.1%), in the Departments of Planned Surgery and Urology – 86 (7.0%), Surgical Intensive Care Unit – 72 (5.9%), in The Department of Infectious Diseases with Surgical Pathology – 65 (5.3%). C. albicans was sown both in monoculture – 47.4%, and in associations – 52.6%. Other representatives of fungi were also approximately equally found in mono- and in microcultures. In the children's multi purpose hospital, 11 species of Candida fungi with a predominance of C. albicans circulated. In the adult multi purpose hospital for two years was isolated from the patients 137 cultures of Candida fungi.Conclusions.The probability of isolating fungi from a locus is determined by the profile of the Department, as well as by the primary pathology with which patients entered the hospital. In both children's and adult hospitals, the most common Candida fungi have been isolated from the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care patients mainly from sputum and urine, less often from blood, separated wounds, abdominal cavity and from cerebrospinal fluid (only in children). Against the background of a wide circulation of fungi in the hospital, colonization of patients is possible with the subsequent development of the infectious process, mainly in people at risk.
Analysis Mortality in Patients with HIV-infection on Example of a Region with a High Prevalence of Infection
Authors: Rosenberg V. Ya. , Plotnikova Yu. K. , Voronin E. E. 
Published: July 2018

RelevanceThe HIV epidemic, registered worldwide since the early 1980s, is currently continuing its development in most countries, and, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS, 2016), covers more than 36 million people (including 1.8 million children) AIDS mortality is a key indicator of the effectiveness of the response to the HIV epidemic. On the example of the Irkutsk region as a region with high lesion, an analysis of the main indicators and causes of death of patients with HIV infection was carried out.Goal– analysis of the mortality of HIV / AIDS patients by the example of a region with a high degree of defeat in order to determine the key criteria for evaluating activities to reduce the mortality from HIV/AIDS.Materials and methods An analysis was made of the causes of mortality of patients with HIV infection in the Irkutsk region in 2014– 2016, using comparative data of modern domestic and foreign literature (including total mortality), as well as accounting and reporting documentation of the Irkutsk Regional Center for prevention and control of AIDS and infectious diseases.Results 1.There is an increase in the death rate of HIV-infected people, including those caused by HIV. 2. The increase in mortality practically does not lead to an increase in mortality due to a parallel increase in the number of people living with HIV. 3. The main causes of death from HIV infection (AIDS) are pathologies with primary respiratory system damage: tuberculosis and pneumonia, which requires special attention in developing approaches to diagnosis, recording, treatment and prevention of these diseases, as well as assessing the impact of vaccination of patients with HIV infection against pneumococcus on mortality from pneumonia. 4. The increase in ART coverage of all patient populations contributes to the stabilization of mortality from HIV/AIDS.Conclusions:the most important for assessing the impact of ongoing efforts of the health system to reduce mortality among HIVinfected patients is the correct registration and diagnosis (including posthumous) of AIDS-indicative diseases, certainly associated with the progression of HIV infection.
Problems of Vaccinal Prevention in Adult Population
Authors: Briko N. I. , Tsapkova N. N. , Batyrshina L. R. , Korshunov V. A. , Feldblyum I. V. , Bikmieva A. V. , Subbotina K. A. , Filippov O. V. 
Published: July 2018

The analysis of the vaccine preventive status of infectious diseases in adults in Russia and various countries of the world is presented in the article. The problems and directions of improving the immunization of the adult population in Russia are identified.
Comparison of 3D intraoperative digital subtraction angiography and intraoperative indocyanine green video angiography during intracranial aneurysm surgery
Authors: Marbacher Serge , Mendelowitsch Itai , Grüter Basil Erwin , Diepers Michael , Remonda Luca , Fandino Javier 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEDuring the last decade, improvements in real-time, high-resolution imaging of surgically exposed cerebral vasculature have been realized with the successful introduction of intraoperative indocyanine green video angiography (ICGVA) and technical advances in intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). With the availability of 3D intraoperative DSA (3D-iDSA) in hybrid operating rooms, the present study offers a contemporary comparison for rates of accuracy and discordance.METHODSIn this retrospective study of prospectively collected data, 140 consecutive patients underwent microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in a hybrid operating room. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, aneurysm-specific characteristics, intraoperative ICGVA and 3D-iDSA findings, and the need for intraoperative clip readjustment. The authors defined the discordance rate of the two modalities as a false-negative finding that necessitated clip repositioning after 3D-iDSA.RESULTSIn 120 patients, ICGVA and 3D-iDSA were used to evaluate 134 IA obliterations. Of 215 clips used, 29 (14%) were repositioned intraoperatively, improving the surgical result in all 29 patients (24%). Repositioning was prompted by visual inspection and microvascular Doppler ultrasonography in 8 (28%), ICGVA in 13 (45%), and 3D-iDSA in 7 (24%) patients. Clip repositioning was needed in 7 patients (6%) based on 3D-iDSA, yielding an ICGVA accuracy rate of 94%. Five (71%) of the ICGVA–3D-iDSA discordances that prompted clip repositioning occurred at the anterior communicating artery complex.CONCLUSIONSA combination of vascular monitoring techniques most often achieved correct intraoperative interpretation of complete IA occlusion and parent artery integrity. Compared with 3D-iDSA imaging, ICGVA demonstrated high accuracy. Despite the relatively low discordance rate, iDSA was confirmed to be the gold standard. Improved imaging quality, including 3D-iDSA, supports its routine use in IA surgery, obviating the need for postoperative DSA.
Surgical anatomy of the superior hypophyseal artery and its relevance for endoscopic endonasal surgery
Authors: Truong Huy Q. , Najera Edinson , Zanabria-Ortiz Robert , Celtikci Emrah , Sun Xicai , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Gardner Paul A. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEThe endoscopic endonasal approach has become a routine corridor to the suprasellar region. The superior hypophyseal arteries (SHAs) are intimately related to lesions in the suprasellar space, such as craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas. Here the authors investigate the surgical anatomy and variations of the SHA from the endoscopic endonasal perspective.METHODSThirty anatomical specimens with vascular injection were used for endoscopic endonasal dissection. The number of SHAs and their origin, course, branching, anastomoses, and areas of supply were collected and analyzed.RESULTSA total of 110 SHAs arising from 60 internal carotid arteries (ICAs), or 1.83 SHAs per ICA (range 0–3), were found. The most proximal SHA always ran in the preinfundibular space and provided the major blood supply to the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve; it was defined as the primary SHA (pSHA). The more distal SHA(s), present in 78.3% of sides, ran in the retroinfundibular space and supplied the stalk and may also supply the tuber cinereum and optic tracts. In the two sides (3.3%) in which no SHA was present, the territory was covered by a pair of infundibular arteries originating from the posterior communicating artery. Two-thirds of the pSHAs originated proximal to the distal dural ring; half of these arose from the carotid cave portion of the ICA, whereas the other half originated proximal to the cave. Four branching patterns of the pSHA were recognized, with the most common pattern (41.7%) consisting of three or more branches with a tree-like pattern. Descending branches were absent in 25% of cases. Preinfundibular anastomoses between pSHAs were found in all specimens. Anastomoses between the pSHA and the secondary SHA (sSHA) or the infundibular arteries were found in 75% cases.CONCLUSIONSThe first SHA almost always supplies the infundibulum, optic chiasm, and proximal optic nerve and represents the pSHA. Compromising this artery can cause a visual deficit. Unilateral injury to the pSHA is less likely to cause an endocrine deficit given the artery’s abundant anastomoses. A detailed understanding of the surgical anatomy of the SHA and its many variations may help surgeons when approaching challenging lesions in the suprasellar region.
Effects of preoperative mental distress versus surgical modality, arthroplasty, or fusion on long-term outcome in patients with cervical radiculopathy
Authors: MacDowall Anna , Skeppholm Martin , Lindhagen Lars , Robinson Yohan , Olerud Claes 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVESeveral efforts have been made to investigate the long-term efficacy of artificial disc replacement surgery compared with that of fusion after decompression for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy. However, research on the impact of mental distress on surgical treatment outcome has been sparse. The aim of the authors was to investigate the potential predictive value of preoperative risk factors in determining long-term outcome.METHODSA total of 153 patients (mean age 47 years) with single- or double-level cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy were randomly assigned to undergo either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (n = 70) or artificial disc replacement (n = 83). The primary outcome was the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, a patient-reported function score that ranges from 0% to 100%; higher scores indicate greater disability. Preoperative variables such as sex, age, smoking status, employment status, having a strenuous job, neck pain duration, arm pain duration, amount of regular exercise, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, NDI score, whether surgery was performed on 1 or 2 levels, and allocated treatment were analyzed in multiple linear regression models with the 5-year NDI score as the outcome.RESULTSA total of 47 (31%) patients had either a HADS anxiety or HADS depression score of 10 points or higher. High values on the preoperative HADS were a negative predictor of outcome (p = 0.009). Treatment allocation had no effect on 5-year NDI scores (p = 0.32).CONCLUSIONSPreoperative mental distress measured with the HADS affects long-term outcome in surgically treated patients with cervical radiculopathy.
Phenytoin versus levetiracetam as prophylaxis for postcraniotomy seizure in patients with no history of seizures: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Chang-Hyun , Koo Hae-Won , Han Seong Rok , Choi Chan-Young , Sohn Moon-Jun , Lee Chae-Heuck 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEDe novo seizure following craniotomy (DSC) for nontraumatic pathology may adversely affect medical and neurological outcomes in patients with no history of seizures who have undergone craniotomies. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly used prophylactically in patients undergoing craniotomy; however, evidence supporting this practice is limited and mixed. The authors aimed to collate the available evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam monotherapy and compare it with that of the classic AED, phenytoin, for DSC.METHODSPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies that compared levetiracetam with phenytoin for DSC prevention. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with no history of epilepsy who underwent craniotomy with prophylactic usage of phenytoin, a comparator group with levetiracetam treatment as the main treatment difference between the two groups, and availability of data on the numbers of patients and seizures for each group. Patients with brain injury and previous seizure history were excluded. DSC occurrence and adverse drug reaction (ADR) were evaluated. Seizure occurrence was calculated using the Peto odds ratio (POR), which is the relative effect estimation method of choice for binary data with rare events.RESULTSData from 7 studies involving 803 patients were included. The DSC occurrence rate was 1.26% (4/318) in the levetiracetam cohort and 6.60% (32/485) in the phenytoin cohort. Meta-analysis showed that levetiracetam is significantly superior to phenytoin for DSC prevention (POR 0.233, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.117–0.462, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that levetiracetam is superior to phenytoin for DSC due to all brain diseases (POR 0.129, 95% CI 0.039–0.423, p = 0.001) and tumor (POR 0.282, 95% CI 0.117–0.678, p = 0.005). ADRs in the levetiracetam group were cognitive disturbance, thrombophlebitis, irritability, lethargy, tiredness, and asthenia, whereas rash, anaphylaxis, arrhythmia, and hyponatremia were more common in the phenytoin group. The overall occurrence of ADR in the phenytoin (34/466) and levetiracetam (26/432) groups (p = 0.44) demonstrated no statistically significant difference in ADR occurrence. However, the discontinuation rate of AEDs due to ADR was 53/297 in the phenytoin group and 6/196 in the levetiracetam group (POR 0.266, 95% CI 0.137–0.518, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSLevetiracetam is superior to phenytoin for DSC prevention for nontraumatic pathology and has fewer serious ADRs that lead to discontinuation. Further high-quality studies that compare levetiracetam with placebo are necessary to provide evidence for establishing AED guidelines.
Twenty years’ experience with myelomeningocele management at a single institution: lessons learned
Authors: Kellogg Robert , Lee Philip , Deibert Christopher P. , Tempel Zachary , Zwagerman Nathan T. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Johnson Stephen , Greene Stephanie 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEThe authors reviewed 20 years’ experience with the surgical management of open myelomeningocele in a well-defined retrospective cohort from a single large academic medical center. Their goal was to define the characteristics of a modern cohort of children with myelomeningocele to allow for evidence-based decision-making for the treatment of these patients.METHODSAfter IRB approval was obtained, the authors queried an operative database maintained by the Department of Neurological Surgery at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh for patients who underwent closure of a myelomeningocele between 1995 and 2015. They identified 153 infants, and a retrospective chart review was performed.RESULTSEighty-eight percent of the patients required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and 15% of these patients acquired shunt-related infections. Eighteen percent of patients underwent Chiari malformation type II (CM-II) decompression. Sixteen percent of patients underwent a tethered cord release. Three percent of patients died within the 1st year of life. Predictors of an early demise included poor Apgar scores, large head circumference, and need for early CM-II decompression. Functional motor outcome was slightly better than predicted by anatomical level of defect.CONCLUSIONSMyelomeningoceles represent a severe birth defect with life-threatening complications. The authors provide long-term follow-up data and insight into factors that contribute to early death.
GİRİŞİMCİLİK MALİYETLERİNİN DÜŞÜRÜLMESİ: T.C. KÜÇÜK VE ORTA ÖLÇEKLİ İŞLETMELERİ GELİŞTİRME VE DESTEKLEME İDARESİ BAŞKANLIĞI (KOSGEB) DESTEKLİ BİR İŞLETME ÜZERİNE UYGULAMA
Authors: Berikol Bilal Zafer , Kıllı Mustafa 
Published: July 2018

Bir
girişimci tarafından yeni kurulan işletmelerin çoğu küçük veya orta büyüklükte
kurulmaktadır. Bu işletmeler Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmeler (KOBİ) olarak bilinmektedir. KOBİ'ler ekonomik
canlılığın göstergesidirler ve her ülkede olduğu gibi ülkemiz ekonomisinde de
son derece önemli bir yere sahiptirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı yeni kurulmuş bir KOBİ’de Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyetleme
(FTM) yönteminin uygulanabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, KOSGEB’den
destek alarak kurulmuş bir mobilya işletmesine ilişkin veriler ile vaka
çalışması yöntemi kullanılarak yöntemin uygulanabilirliği sınanmıştır. Vaka çalışması
yöntemi, araştırma yapılan konunun ayrıntılı olarak ve özel bir durumun ya da
özel bir örneğin detaylı incelenmesine imkân tanıdığı için maliyet ve yönetim
muhasebesi çalışmalarında sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bulgular FTM yönteminin daha
doğru bilgiler sağladığı ve KOBİ’lerde uygulanabileceğini göstermektedir.
Depletion-model-based numerical simulation of the kinetics of red blood cell aggregation under sinusoidal pulsatile flow
Authors: Lee Cheong-Ah , Kong Qi , Paeng Dong-Guk 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Previous numerical modeling studies on red blood cell (RBC) aggregation have elucidated the inverse relationship between shear rate and RBC aggregation under steady flow. However, information on the cyclic variation in RBC aggregation under pulsatile flow remains lacking. OBJECTIVE: RBC aggregation was simulated to investigate the complex interrelationships among the parameters of RBC motion under pulsatile flow. METHODS: A two-dimensional particle model was used to simulate RBC motion driven by hydrodynamic, aggregation, and elastic forces in a sinusoidal pulsatile flow field. The kinetics of RBCs motion was simulated on the basis of the depletion model. RESULTS: The simulation results corresponded with previously obtained experimental results for the formation and destruction of RBC aggregates with a parabolic radial distribution during a pulsatile cycle. In addition, the results demonstrated that the cyclic variation in the mean aggregate size of RBCs increased as velocity amplitude increased from 1 cm/s to 3 cm/s under a mean steady flow of 2 cm/s, as mean steady flow velocity decreased from 6 cm/s to 2 cm/s under a velocity amplitude of 1.5 cm/s, and as stroke rate decreased from 180 beats per minute (bpm) to 60 bpm. CONCLUSIONS: The present simulation results verified previous experimental results and improved the current understanding of the complex spatiotemporal changes experienced by RBC aggregates during a sinusoidal pulsatile cycle.
Dual-Task Gait and Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Risk in Cognitively Normal Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Whitson Heather E. , Potter Guy G. , Feld Jody A. , Plassman Brenda L. , Reynolds Kelly , Sloane Richard , Welsh-Bohmer Kathleen A. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Dual-task paradigms, in which an individual performs tasks separately and then concurrently, often demonstrate that people with neurodegenerative disorders experience more dual-task interference, defined as worse performance in the dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition. Objective: To examine how gait-cognition dual-task performance differs between cognitively normal older adults with and without an APOE ɛ4 allele. Methods: Twenty-nine individuals ages 60 to 72 with normal cognition completed a dual-task protocol in which walking and cognitive tasks (executive function, memory) were performed separately and concurrently. Fourteen participants carried APOE ɛ4 alleles ( ɛ3/ ɛ4 or ɛ2/ ɛ4); fifteen had APOE genotypes ( ɛ2/ ɛ2, ɛ2/ ɛ3, or ɛ3/ ɛ3) associated with lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results: The two risk groups did not differ by age, sex, race, education, or gait or cognitive measures under single-task conditions. Compared to low risk participants, APOE ɛ4 carriers tended to exhibit greater dual-task interference. Both the memory and executive function tasks resulted in dual-task interference on gait, but effect sizes for a group difference were larger when the cognitive task was executive function. In the dual-task protocol that combined walking and the executive function task, effect sizes for group difference in gait interference were larger (0.62– 0.70) than for cognitive interference (0.45– 0.47). Discussion: Dual-task paradigms may reveal subtle changes in brain function in asymptomatic individuals at heightened risk of AD.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation: Comparison of Hemorrhagic and DWI MRI Features
Authors: Renard Dimitri , Tatu Lavinia , Collombier Laurent , Wacongne Anne , Ayrignac Xavier , Charif Mahmoud , Boukriche Yassine , Chiper Laura , Fourcade Genevieve , Azakri Souhayla , Gaillard Nicolas , Mercier Erick , Lehmann Sylvain , Thouvenot Eric 
Published: July 2018

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) can be associated with primary vasculitis of small/medium-sized leptomeningeal and cortical arteries, called CAA-related inflammation (CAA-ri). Objective: To compare hemorrhagic and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI features in CAA and CAA-ri. Methods: We prospectively scored in a consecutive CAA and CAA-ri cohort: presence/number of chronic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), cerebral microbleeds (CMB), and cortical superficial siderosis (CSS) on initial T2*-weighted imaging, and DWI lesions on both initial and follow-up imaging. In a subgroup, ApoE, CSF, and 18F-florbetaben-positron emission tomography (FBB-PET) were also analyzed. Results: In CAA-ri, CMB presence was more frequent (100% versus 40%, p < 0.001) and CMB numbers higher (mean 137 versus 8, p < 0.001). No difference was observed for chronic ICH or CSS. DWI lesions were more frequent in acute compared to chronic CAA-ri ( p = 0.025), whereas no such difference was observed between acute and chronic CAA ( p = 0.18). Both ApoE4 (genotyping available in 22 CAA-ri and 48 CAA patients) carriers and homozygosity were more frequent in CAA-ri (48% versus 19% [ p = 0.014] and 32% versus 2% [ p < 0.001] respectively). CSF biomarker analyses (performed in 20 CAA-ri and 45 CAA patients) showed lower A β42 levels in CAA-ri compared to CAA (median 312 versus 422 pg/mL, p = 0.0032). FBB-PET (performed in 11 CAA-ri and 20 CAA patients) showed higher standardized uptake value ratios in CAA-ri compared with CAA, only significant when the pons was used as reference ( p = 0.037). Conclusion: Compared to CAA, CAA-ri was associated with higher CMB numbers, more frequent ApoE4 carriers and homozygotes, lower CSF A β42 levels, and more severe amyloid load on FBB-PET.