bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eleutheroside B increase tight junction proteins and anti‐inflammatory cytokines expression in intestinal porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2)
Authors: Che Dongsheng , Zhao Bao , Fan Yueli , Han Rui , Zhang Chun , Qin Guixin , Adams Seidu , Jiang Hailong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEleutheroside B (EB) is a phenylpropanoid glycoside with anti‐inflammatory properties, neuroprotective abilities, immunomodulatory effects, antinociceptive effects, and regulation of blood glucose. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EB on the barrier function in the intestinal porcine epithelial cells J2 (IPEC‐J2). The IPEC‐J2 cells were inoculated into 96‐well plates at a density of 5 × 103 cells per well for 100% confluence. The cells were cultured in the presence of EB at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/ml for 48 hr. Then, 0.10 mg/ml was selected as the suitable concentration for the estimation of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) value, alkaline phosphatase activity, proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, tight junction mRNA and protein expression. The results of this study indicated that the supplementation of EB in IPEC‐J2 cells decreased cellular membrane permeability and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interferon‐γ (INF‐γ), and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). The supplementation of EB in IPEC‐J2 cells increased tight junction protein expression and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β). In addition, the western blotting and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) results indicated that EB significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA and protein expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, Claudin‐3, Occludin, and Zonula Occludins protein‐1 (ZO‐1). Therefore, dietary supplementation of EB may increase intestinal barrier function, tight junction protein expression, anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines synthesis in IPEC‐J2 cells.
Diagnostic accuracy of stereotactic brain biopsy for intracranial neoplasia in dogs: Comparison of biopsy, surgical resection, and necropsy specimens
Authors: Kani Yukitaka , Cecere Thomas E. , Lahmers Kevin , LeRoith Tanya , Zimmerman Kurt L. , Isom Scott , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Debinksi Waldemar , Robertson John L. , Rossmeisl John H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) is a technique that allows for definitive diagnosis of brain lesions. Little information is available regarding the diagnostic utility of SBB in dogs with intracranial diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of SBB in dogs with brain tumors.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned dogs that underwent SBB followed by surgical resection or necropsy examinations.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Two pathologists blinded to SBB and reference standard diagnoses reviewed histologic specimens and typed and graded tumors according to World Health Organization and revised canine glioma classification criteria. Agreement between tumor type and grade from SBB were compared to reference standards and assessed using kappa statistics. Patient and technical factors associated with agreement also were examined.ResultsStereotactic brain biopsy specimens were obtained from 24 dogs with gliomas and 7 with meningiomas. Tumor type agreement between SBB and the reference standard was observed in 30/31 cases (κ = 0.95). Diagnostic concordance was perfect for meningiomas. Grade agreement among gliomas was observed in 18/23 cases (κ = 0.47). Stereotactic brain biopsy underrepresented the reference standard glioma grade in cases with disagreement. The DA of SBB was 81%, with agreement noted in 56/69 biopsy samples. Smaller tumors and fewer SBB specimens obtained were significantly associated with diagnostic discordance.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe DA of SBB readily allows for the diagnosis of common brain tumors in dogs. Although glioma grade discordance was frequent, diagnoses obtained from SBB are sufficient to currently inform therapeutic decisions. Multiple SBB specimens should be collected to maximize DA.
Is trigonitis a neglected, imprecise, misunderstood, or forgotten diagnosis?
Authors: Sadeghi Zhina , MacLennan Gregory , Childs Stacy J. , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo consolidate our understanding of “trigonitis” and its relevance in current urologic practice, we reviewed the literature on this entity. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases (1905 to present) were systematically reviewed for any English language articles addressing the following terms: trigonitis, cystitis trigoni, cystitis cystica, squamous metaplasia, pseudomembranous trigonitis, vaginal metaplasia, infection or inflammation of the trigone, and trigonitis in recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI). Abstracts or articles not focused on trigonitis, or those only repeating findings from other original articles on trigonitis, and studies in children or men were excluded. Reported histologic findings on trigonitis, theories regarding its pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies were reviewed. From 57 relevant articles, only 27 focused on trigonitis. Cystoscopic evaluation of the trigone described inflammatory lesions of cystitis cystica, occasionally small stones or pus‐filled lesions, an appearance that should be differentiated from white patches of squamous metaplasia. Embryologic formation of the trigone, history of rUTIs, and effects of hormones on the trigone have been proposed as underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Numerous therapeutic strategies have been reported to treat symptomatic trigonitis, including antibiotic therapy, intravesical instillation of different agents, electrofulguration, and laser coagulation. However, no treatment indication criteria have been well established so far, and long‐term data are lacking. Despite several reports describing histologic and endoscopic findings of trigonitis, its prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment have remained poorly defined. Its relevance in the management of rUTIs should be further evaluated.
On the role of the utility function in the estimation of preference parameters
Authors: Pignalosa Daria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModern economic theory summarizes the main characteristics of individual preferences through a definite set of parameters: risk aversion, prudence, and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Despite their importance, the results of the literature devoted to the parameters’ estimation are controversial. This paper highlights the neglected role that may have been played by the constraints that the quantitative definition of the parameters and the utility functions employed impose on the estimation. A number of simulation exercises are presented, which show that the same saving behaviour can be associated with quite different values of the parameters depending on the utility function adopted.
Defecatory urge increases cognitive control and intertemporal patience in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zhao Dongxing , Corsetti Maura , Moeini‐Jazani Mehrad , Weltens Nathalie , Tuk Mirjam , Jan Tack , Warlop Luk , Van Oudenhove Lukas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPast research has demonstrated that moderate urge to urinate improves inhibitory control, specifically among participants with higher behavioral inhibition sensitivity (BIS). The effect was absent when the urge exceeded intolerable level. The present research examines whether rectal distension‐induced urge to defecate has similar effects.MethodsThe moderate and high defecatory urge were induced by rectal distension in healthy volunteers (n = 35), while they completed Stroop task and monetary delay discounting task. The difference of average reaction time between incongruent and congruent trials in the Stroop task (Stroop interference) and the preference for larger‐later rewards in the delay discounting task were the primary outcomes.Key ResultsParticipants with high BIS (n = 17) showed greater ability to inhibit their automatic response tendencies, as indexed by their Stroop interference, under moderate urge relative to no urge (128 ± 41 ms vs 202 ± 37 ms, t64 = 2.07; P = 0.021, Cohen's d: 0.44), but not relative to high urge (154 ± 45 ms, t64 = 1.20; P = 0.12, Cohen's d: 0.30). High BIS participants also showed a higher preference for larger‐later reward in the delay discounting task under high (odds ratio = 1.51 [1.02‐2.25], P = 0.039) relative to no urge, but not relative to moderate urge (odds ratio = 1.02 [0.73‐1.42], P = 0.91). In contrast, rectal distension did not influence performance on either of the tasks in participants with low BIS (n = 18).Conclusions and inferenceThese findings may be interpreted as a “spill‐over” effect of inhibition of the urge to defecate to volitional cognitive control among healthy participants with high BIS.
Comparing the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during epicardial ablation in swine versus canine models
Authors: Caluori Guido , Wojtaszczyk Adam , Yasin Omar , Pesl Martin , Wolf Jiří , Belaskova Silvie , Crha Michal , Sugrue Alan , Vaidya Vaibhav R. , Naksuk Niyada , DeSimone Christopher V. , Killu Ammar M. , Padmanabhan Deepak , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Stárek Zdeněk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundChoosing the appropriate animal model for development of novel technologies requires an understanding of anatomy and physiology of these different models. There are little data about the characteristics of different animal models for the study of technologies used for epicardial ablation. We aimed to compare the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during epicardial radiofrequency ablation between swine and canine models using novel epicardial ablation catheters.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using data obtained from epicardial ablation experiments performed on swine (Sus Scrofa) and canine (Canis familiaris) models. We compared the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during ablation between swine and canine using multivariate regression analysis. Six swine and six canine animals underwent successful epicardial radiofrequency ablation. A total of 103 ablation applications were recorded.ResultsVentricular arrhythmias requiring cardioversion occurred in 13.11% of radiofrequency ablation applications in swine and 9.75% in canine (relative risk: 117.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.97‐164.69, animal‐based odds ratio [OR]: .55, 95% CI: .23‐61.33; P = .184). When adjusting for application position, duration of ablation and power, the odds of developing potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmia in swine increased significantly compared to canine (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.35‐9.55; P = .010).ConclusionsThe swine myocardium is more susceptible to developing ventricular arrhythmias compared to canine model during epicardial ablation. This issue should be carefully considered in future studies.
Role of concealed conduction and allied phenomena in the genesis, maintenance, and termination of cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Jazayeri Mohammad‐Reza 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConcealed conduction is a common electrocardiographic phenomenon whereby a series of events may occur as a result of incomplete propagation of an impulse. The occurrence, maintenance, and resolution (termination) of several events such as functional block and cardiac arrhythmias are linked to concealed conduction. This phenomenon should be suspected on the surface electrocardiogram whenever an arrhythmic event occurs unexpectedly. Several electrophysiological concepts such as transseptal conduction and linking phenomenon are close allies of concealed conduction. His‐bundle electrocardiography and comprehensive electrophysiology may be needed to verify this phenomenon.
Inheritance of Striga hermonthica adaptive traits in an early‐maturing white maize inbred line containing resistance genes from Zea diploperennis
Authors: Akaogu Ijeoma C. , Badu‐Apraku Baffour , Tongoona Pangirayi , Ceballos Hernan , Gracen Vernon , Offei S. K. , Dzidzienyo Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStriga hermonthica can cause as high as 100% yield loss in maize depending on soil fertility level, type of genotype, severity of infestation and climatic conditions. Understanding the mode of inheritance of Striga resistance in maize is crucial for introgression of resistance genes into tropical germplasm and deployment of resistant varieties. This study examined the mode of inheritance of resistance to Striga in early‐maturing inbred line, TZdEI 352 containing resistance genes from Zea diploperennis. Six generations, P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 derived from a cross between resistant line, TZdEI 352 and susceptible line, TZdEI 425 were screened under artificial Striga infestation at Mokwa and Abuja, Nigeria, 2015. Additive‐dominance model was adequate in describing observed variations in the number of emerged Striga plants among the population; hence, digenic epistatic model was adopted for Striga damage. Dominance effects were higher than the additive effects for the number of emerged Striga plants at both locations signifying that non‐additive gene action conditioned inheritance of Striga resistance. Inbred TZdEI 352 could serve as invaluable parent for hybrid development in Striga endemic agro‐ecologies of sub‐Saharan Africa.
Media Freedom and Protest Events in the Global South*
Authors: Zhao Mengyang 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis articles analyzes the relationship between media freedom and protest onset in 60 African and Latin American countries from 1993 to 2015. Additional analysis is conducted to explore such relationship for different types of protest events.MethodThe article is based on event history data generated from the Social Conflict Analysis Database, Freedom House, Polity IV, the World Bank, and the International Telecommunication Union, which are analyzed using Cox regression models.ResultsThe results indicate a consistent curvilinear relationship between media freedom and protest onset. In other words, only when media is severely restricted can it pose a significant threat to protest mobilization. Results also show that spontaneous protest events are more likely to be affected by changes in media freedom than organized protests.ConclusionsThis study incorporates media freedom into the study of contentious politics in the Global South. It separately analyzes multiple types of protests instead of lumping them into one category, offering a more detailed pattern of the heterogeneous effect of media freedom in different protest contexts.
Representation's Effect on Latinx College Graduation Rates*
Authors: Capers K. Jurée 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveCollege enrollments among Latinx students have increased by 12 percent in the last 14 years, but the group's overall graduation rate has only increased by 5 percent, leading researchers to reevaluate the predictors of completion for Latinx students. This study explores the relationship between Latinx graduation rates and various forms of representation.MethodsRandom effect modeling using institutional‐level data collected from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, 2008–2011, is used to examine the relationship between Latinx graduation rates, peer, faculty, and structural representation.ResultsResults suggest that structural representation and behaviors are important predictors of Latinx students’ persistence toward graduation. Specifically, historically black colleges and universities fare better than other structures in representing and supporting Latinx students.ConclusionInstitutions and policymakers seeking to improve the college completion rates of Latinx students should think beyond descriptive representation and consider reducing the structural barriers to Latinx students’ success.
Creating Political Habitus: Religion Versus Nonreligion*
Authors: Davidson James Clark , Pieper Christopher M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveExisting literature suggests that religious organizations provide institutional resources and civic skills that facilitate collective action. This study expands this effort by investigating the role of specific religious practices on forms of political engagement and comparing them with secular equivalents.MethodsData used are from Wave IV of the Baylor Religion Survey (n = 1,572) Pearson correlations to explore bivariate relationships and then we present binary logistic regression models for predicting protest engagement.ResultsResults indicate participation in community‐based religious activities, such as prayer groups or Bible studies, is a robust predictor of traditional means of political participation such as participating in a voter registration drive. The religiously unaffiliated are more likely to engage in protest and other distinct political activities.ConclusionWe argue that these divergent processes of political socialization generate two opposite forms of “political habitus” in U.S. culture, and contribute significantly to a historically polarized electorate. These findings also provide an inferential technique for predicting mobilization and/or political engagement style based on religious markers.
A web‐based visualization tool for exploring stakeholder conflicts in land‐use planning
Authors: Bohman Samuel , Fasth Tobias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article describes an open source web‐based visualization tool for exploring stakeholder conflicts in land‐use planning. It implements a multi‐criteria, decision‐analytic framework which solves a conflict‐constrained knapsack problem in order to find Pareto efficient combinations of actions which maximize public value, given the conflict constraint. The user interface is centered around an interactive map in which geographical subareas are color‐shaded in proportion to the mean strength of preference for a particular chosen action within the population in the selected area. The aim of this work is to investigate the use of web technologies and formal problem‐solving methods for improving public participation in land‐use planning and support local governments in the pursuit of improved decision‐making. The tool was developed using the free statistical programming language R and the web application framework Shiny. Its usefulness is demonstrated through a case study in Upplands Väsby municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. The article ends with a summary together with some ideas for future research and development.
Shear stress and oxygen availability drive differential changes in opossum kidney proximal tubule cell metabolism and endocytosis
Authors: Ren Qidong , Gliozzi Megan L. , Rittenhouse Natalie L. , Edmunds Lia R. , Rbaibi Youssef , Locker Joseph D. , Poholek Amanda C. , Jurczak Michael J. , Baty Catherine J. , Weisz Ora A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKidney proximal tubule (PT) cells have high‐metabolic demands to drive the extraordinary ion and solute transport, water reabsorption, and endocytic uptake that occur in this nephron segment. Increases in renal blood flow alter glomerular filtration rate and lead to rapid mechanosensitive adaptations in PT transport, impacting metabolic demand. Although the PT reabsorbs essentially all of the filtered glucose, PT cells rely primarily on oxidative metabolism rather than glycolysis to meet their energy demands. We lack an understanding of how PT functions are impacted by changes in O2 availability via cortical capillaries and mechanosensitive signaling in response to alterations in luminal flow. Previously, we found that opossum kidney (OK) cells recapitulate key features of PT cells in vivo, including enhanced endocytic uptake and ion transport, when exposed to mechanical stimulation by culture on an orbital shaker. We hypothesized that increased oxygenation resulting from orbital shaking also contributes to this more physiologic phenotype. RNA seq of OK cells maintained under static conditions or exposed to orbital shaking for up to 96 hours showed significant time‐ and culture‐dependent changes in gene expression. Transcriptional and metabolomics data were consistent with a decrease in glycolytic flux and with an increased utilization of aerobic metabolic pathways in cells exposed to orbital shaking. Moreover, we found spatial differences in the pattern of mitogenesis vs development of ion transport and endocytic capacities in our culture system that highlight the complexity of O2‐dependent and mechanosensitive crosstalk to regulate PT cell function.
Stereotactic radiation therapy for canine multilobular osteochondrosarcoma: Eight cases
Authors: Sweet Katherine A. , Nolan Michael W. , Yoshikawa Hiroto , Gieger Tracy L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadiotherapy is often considered in the management of canine multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO), but its efficacy against bulky MLO tumours is poorly described. This retrospective case series describes the clinical outcomes of pet dogs with MLO treated with a stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) prescription of 30 Gy in three consecutive daily 10 Gy fractions. Dogs with an imaging (via computed tomography [CT] scan) and/or pathologic diagnosis of MLO were included. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, radiation plan dosimetry, toxicity and outcome data were obtained retrospectively from the records. The median progression‐free survival time (MPFST) and median overall survival time (MST) were calculated using a LOGLOG test. Eight dogs were included. None had evidence of metastasis at the time of SRT. Clinical signs associated with the MLO included a mass noted by owner, stertor, vestibular signs, exophthalmos and abnormal mentation. Of the five dogs that had CT scans performed 3 to 9 months after SRT, tumour volume decreased by 26% to 87% in four dogs and increased by 32% in one dog. Late radiation toxicity was documented in three dogs (VRTOG Grade 1 skin and/or ocular, n = 2; Grade 3 central nervous system, n = 1). Confirmed local disease progression (n = 3; two were treated with a second course of SRT) and suspected pulmonary metastasis (n = 2) occurred 90 to 315 days after SRT. The MPFST was 223 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 144.5‐276.5 days). The MST was 329 days (IQR: 241.5‐408 days). This protocol was well‐tolerated, but the duration of response was short‐lived.
Adolescents’ Postural Control Learning According to the Frequency of Knowledge of Process
Authors: Gandía Julián , García-Massó Xavier , Marco-Ahulló Adrián , Estevan Isaac 
Published: April 2019

Feedback is one of the most influential factors for motor skills learning. Physical Education teachers commonly use verbal cues to provide knowledge of process (KP) when teaching motor skills, but the ideal presentation frequency for KP in adolescents is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the frequency of KP (i.e., 100%, 67%, 0%) on dynamic balance. Thirty adolescents, age 14–15 years, participated in the study. Performance on a stabilometer platform was used to assess dynamic balance. Participants received feedback after each trial (100%), in two out of three trials (67%), or no feedback during 12 30-s trials of practice. Adolescents who received feedback (67% or 100%) required lower mean velocity to maintain similar dynamic balance performance (i.e., root mean square). Moreover, adolescents receiving 100% feedback had a higher α-scaling than those who did not received it. During the post-test and the retention, both 67% and 100% KP frequencies were effective at improving postural control, compared to the no feedback control.