bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbance Analysis and Their Impact On Delays in Construction Process
Authors: Meszek Wieslaw , Rejment Mariusz , Dziadosz Agnieszka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Despite the development of: modern technologies, the software supporting the management of construction projects, popularizing of the tools for data analysis and numerous studies on factors interfering the efficient course of the construction process, the delays are still a phenomenon often present in the construction industry. Based on the literature, it should be noted that the main goal of the researchers is to try to rank the factors causing delays in the construction and their classification into groups. Frequently, the classification criterion is the participant’s status in the investment process (a designer, a contractor, an investor, etc.); the general macro division into factors related to an investor/a company, a contract, the external environment or the division by resources, i.e. human factors, hardware factors and material factors. The subject of investigations of the authors of this article is to identify the types of disturbances causing delays and their classification depending on the scale and degree of influence on the further implementation of construction processes based on the implementation of a commercial and service building. Analysing the course of the implementation of the construction project, it is possible to indicate those factors that cause the necessity to engage considerable resources and change the sequence of processes to minimize the delay. Therefore, it is important to monitor the processes and control of work progress indicators, enabling early detection of delays and planning alternative solutions.
The Spatial Organization of Ancient Greece Cities, Case study: Priene City from Hellenistic period (Third Century BC)
Authors: Al-Sabbagh Hadeel , Gorgees Manar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The city of Priene is one of the most important historical cities and represents a basic reference of the gridiron plans which has applied in many contemporary cities in the world. Priene city was built on the slope of a steep topography with a rigid grid system, this contradiction made the city unique. However, urban studies did not give much attention to the spatial organization of historical cities by quantitative methods. This paper investigates the main planning characteristics and the spatial organization of ancient Greece cities in term of axiality and convexity by generating axial lines of the city. The spiritual and mundane zones such as Agora, Acropolis and other civic buildings were located on the integrated spaces which are directly connected to the city gates. The spatial articulation between the religious and secular spaces was clear to enrich the spatial values of the city. Space syntax analysis has shown a lower degree of axial integration of convex spaces, a high degree of axiality, little deformation of the system, more synchrony, and moderate intelligibility.
Modification of the structure and Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete with Carbon Black Dispersion
Authors: Ivanovich Yakovlev Grigory , Pavlovich Grakhov Valery , Drochytka Rostislav , Fedorovna Gordina Anastasia , Vladimirovna Nikitin Svetlana , Vyacheslavovna Begunova Ekaterina , Fedorovich Buriyanov Alexander , Anatolievich Repin Alexander 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study shows that adding carbon black (soot) in the form of an aqueous dispersion into the composition of fine-grained concrete leads to an increase in bending and compressive strength of the samples: at a soot concentration of 0.005% by weight of cement, respectively, to 37.63 and 15.99%, at a concentration of 0.02% up to 26.39 and 26.39% due to compaction of the structure of the cement matrix. An intensification of cement hydration processes has been noted, confirmed by the results of IR-spectral, differential-thermal analyses and studies of the cement matrix microstructure in the composition of fine-grained concrete. On the surface of new formations in the composition of modified soot dispersion, the formation of needle-like crystals has been observed. On their surfaces, structures of spherulites formed with sizes ranging from 100 to 200 nm, which are typical for calcium hydro-sulfonic aluminates of 3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O type. The formation of spherulites is observed in the pores of the cement matrix, which contributes to additional compaction of the structure of fine-grained concrete.
Eco Energy Land - Envisioning the Międzyodrze Island in Szczecin: The New Approach to the Urban Design
Authors: Januszkiewicz Krystyna , Golebieski Jakub 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper deal with the possibilities of architectural design in the process of creating a zoro-energy city, which encompasses environmental quality of life in highly-urbanized areas. Nowadays, the urban pollution is rising on a global scale. This problem is particularly noticeable in Poland. According to the latest WHO report, 36 of the 50 most polluted cities in the European Union are located in Poland. The paper is focused on a new possibility to resolve the problem of air pollution in developing polish cities by advanced architectural design. One of the examples of cities implementing the zero-energy strategy may be Szczecin. In the process of designing new urban districts in the post-industrial area of the Międzyodrze Islands new opportunities to implement energy self-sufficiency can be given. The first part of the paper presents the need to use renewable energy sources and technologies that clean the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides in the processes of revitalization of degraded urban areas. The second part presents the results of the research program Climate Change Adapted Architecture and Building Structures which has been conducted by Krystyna Januszkiewicz (the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture for a few years at West Pomeranian University of Technology (WPUT) in Szczecin. The presented designs of application of titanium dioxide technology with photovoltaic technology were developed with co-operation of WPUT students. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the usage of titanium technology and photovoltaic technology as a special independent structures in the urban space. This is indispensable to improve citizens’ health and to clear the atmosphere as well as to stop the emission of new pollution resulting from the dynamic development of polish cities.
Effect of POFA Foamed Concrete Block on Indoor Air Temperatures
Authors: Awang Hanizam , Arminda Wenny 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product produced from the combustion of biomass, including palm oil fibre and kernel shell; it is commonly used as an alternative fuel to generate electricity in palm oil mills. The disposal of this ash around the mill is usually uncontrolled, causing environmental problems. To reduce the ash’s negative impact on the environment, several studies have sought to incorporate this waste into the production of concrete, mortar and paste. Incorporation of POFA can enhance the mechanical, material and thermal properties of foamed concrete. This study examines the effect of replacing cement with POFA in a lightweight foamed concrete mix with a density of 900 kg/m3 and cement-to-sand ratio of 1:1.5 on indoor air temperatures. The POFA foamed concrete was cast to produce blocks measuring 100 mm × 200 mm × 500 mm. A single-storey building with a floor area of 20 m2 and height of 3 m was built and tested, and an actual test of indoor and outdoor temperatures was conducted. Comparison of actual and simulated data using simulation software showed that the indoor air temperature of the POFA foamed concrete block is lower than the outdoor air temperature. Using POFA foamed concrete blocks as a wall material decreased the indoor air temperature by up to 5.69 °C. The average indoor air temperature of a building with POFA foamed concrete blocks was 29.11 °C, which is close to that of a building with clay brick (29.12 °C). These temperatures are lower than those of buildings with normal concrete walls.
Review on the Social Conflicts of Land Acquisition and Demolition and its causes in China: From the Perspectives of Stakeholders and Institutions
Authors: Zhai Yu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In China, with the accelerating process of urbanization, social conflicts usually occur during the process of land acquisition and demolition, which has brought about large negative social impacts. Faced with the needs of the practice, this paper conducts a comprehensive review to sort out the performances of conflicts, to explore the causes and to provide some suggestions from both the stakeholders and institutional perspective. The study contends that there are three main manifestations of social conflicts in land acquisition and demolition: (1) violent enforcement of demolition; (2) differences in compensation needs; and (3) problems of landless people’s disorderly struggle. At the same time, in order to solve these problems, the government should establish a sense of “service-oriented governance”, distinguish the relationship between public interests and personal interests, enrich the public feedback channels to enhance the public’s right to speak. For developers, the government should strengthen control and avoid corruption caused by the combination of officials and businessmen. Finally, the government should improve the compensation and supervision mechanism for land acquisition and demolition, fundamentally solving the chaotic state that no great laws to follow.
Investigation of the Soil-Geosynthetic Interaction Using Direct Shear Testing and FEM Method
Authors: Vlcek Jozef , Valaskova Veronika 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVerification of the design of the reinforced earth retaining structures is usually based on the global and internal stability check. Beside the analytical solutions, numerical modelling can simulate the real behaviour of the structure including mutual interaction of the particular elements. Additionally, stress-strain relation is involved in the final verification together with the required stability of the system. Parameters such as reinforcement stiffness or interaction ability with the soil allow to calculate more realistic axial forces acting in the reinforcing elements. Analytical solutions don’t take into account the influence of the deformation of the soil mass on the overall and internal stability. Finite Element Method can describe both of these mechanisms which take place simultaneously. Estimation of the interaction parameters is crucial to determine the forces with sufficient accuracy, especially when 2ndlimit state is critical for the structure design. The paper is aimed at the laboratory testing and numerical modelling of the interaction of the geosynthetic reinforcement and the soil during the sliding described by the interaction coefficient. A direct shear test was adopted to investigate the actual value of the interaction coefficient which is related to the certain displacement of the reinforcement in the soil. There is a recommendation not to use the interface element at the soil-reinforcement contact when the grid shaped reinforcing elements such as geogrids are used for the numerical simulations. This approach was approved by the study presented in this paper. Reinforcement with the grid structure and rigid joints provides higher level of interaction with the soil environment so reduction of the shear strength at this contact is unrealistic.
Assessing the Sustainability Principles of Prishtina, Kosovo
Authors: Tahiri Adelina , Ažman Momirski Lucija 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Prishtina is the capital city and at the same time the fastest-growing city of Kosovo, which is an eastern European country that is both a developing country and a post-conflict country dealing with poverty and underdevelopment. Kosovo separated from Yugoslavia in 1999, and since then it has experienced various development stages, transformations, and radical changes regarding urban planning, society, and the political system. Urban planning in combination with local politics that had no visionary urban strategies resulted in the failure of Prishtina’s planning to direct massive growth towards sustainable urban development. To confirm this hypothesis, Prishtina is studied using a set of fifteen principles of green urbanism, which serves as a tool to assess Prishtina’s sustainability principles. The results show that postwar urban development patterns have been unsustainable thus far. Prishtina lacks the majority of sustainable city principles, but there have also been positive aspects of city development. The question remains whether Kosovo as a developing country should follow the same unsustainable steps as developed countries to catch up with them, or whether it could use other means such as universities, which can act as think tanks for transforming cities. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for existing development patterns and can provide guidance for future sustainable urban planning and developments in Prishtina.
Change of Temperature in the Room with the Living Wall
Authors: Poorova Zuzana , Salem Alhosni Mohamed , Kapalo Peter , Vranayova Zuzana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
With the advent of the modern industrial city, more than half of the world’s population, planners, designers and urban advocates are once again turning to plants. Green infrastructure is a key strategy to provide cleaner air and water, while improving living environments, human health and mental well being. This paper is a part of doctoral study focusing on interior green walls and their qualities in terms of air temperature, humidity and level of CO2. The paper describes living wall built in vestibule in laboratory of Technical University of Kosice, its construction, irrigation and vegetation. The paper deals with effect of green wall on only one parameter – air temperature in the room.
The Human Factor in the Revitalization of the Housing Estates
Authors: Orchowska Anita 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article presents the issues connected with revitalization of the housing estates built in the industrial technologies, regarding it as one of the key elements of the transformation process of the modern cities in Poland. The aim of this work is to draw the attention to a very important element of revitalisation- a ‘human factor’, which is the basis of any changes in the urban and architectural spaces of modern housing estates. The first aspect of transformations relates to searching for a suitable scale and the urban character of the building development, together with the available area and the functions of residents’ service. The second essential element is a social participation of the residents, their involvement in the decisions connected with the project, which range from the issues of spatial planning to the choice of specific solutions, furnishings and other details, but it also involves their participation in any works carried out for the housing estate. The residents’ participation increases their chances for happiness, a sense of identity, the bond with neighbourhood community and a better assessment of conducted architectural and urban transformations. In Western European countries, the issue of huge housing estates is commonly known and the rich experience in revitalisation covers both the more conservative methods but also the demolitions of an urban tissue and changes of the structure of building development. The aim of such changes is to achieve suitable proportions, the buildings’ aesthetics, new forms of exploitation, and also their ‘human’ scale. It is indispensable to conduct social consultations related to the use of common spaces and constructing the places of mutual integration. In this paper, the survey conducted among the residents of Sadyba housing estate in Warsaw is presented, concerning the issues of functioning of basic elements of the space and indispensable changes in the field of the comfort of use, aesthetics and the neighbourhood relations. The inhabitants of this estate react passively to a vision of basic changes in the conditions of their housing environment and are not fully ready for an active participation in the dialogue on revitalisation of the residential estate.
Gender Differences in Perception of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
Authors: Kraus Michal , Novakova Petra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
There are many factors creating the internal environment of the building. These factors could be biological, physical, or chemical, and they determine the indoor environmental quality. This contribution investigates the gender differences in occupants’ perception on various aspects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). There are many studies, how the conditions of the indoor environment affect the users’ performance, health, or comfort. Generally, women are more likely to have symptoms of SBS, such as fatigue, headache, irritated or dry eyes, nose and throat, and skin symptoms. Assessments of user´s perception were carried out at the Institute of Technology and Business situated in the city of České Budějovice, South Bohemia, Czechia. The panellists (students) indicated their immediate evaluation on eight continuous scales regarding air acceptability, odor intensity, thermal comfort, humidity comfort, visual comfort, color comfort, noise load and total satisfaction. Then the percentage of dissatisfied people (PN) was estimated. The gender differences in perception of indoor environmental quality were analysed. This knowledge is necessary and useful to develop appropriate strategies to create and maintain a sustainable internal environment for education and training. Understanding the perception of the quality of the inner environment by students is essential to increase the performance and productivity of not only students but also the academic staff. The long-term low indoor environment quality can lead to poor productivity, performance and ability to learn. It is also necessary to take into account the health of students and also academic staff in the context of the hygiene of the internal environment.
Premonstratensian Convent Complex in the Polish Lands: Imbramowice in the Past and Today
Authors: Gil-Mastalerczyk Joanna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The historical architectural and urban complex of the Norbertine Sisters in Imbramowice near Kraków (Poland) is a valuable treasure trove of the spiritual and cultural heritage of the Premonstratensian Order in the Polish lands, spanning several centuries. This is a site of special religious and pilgrimage importance, and one of the oldest Norbertine convents, one of the two currently functioning Norbertine houses in Poland. Its history reflects the rich and painful history of Poland. The convent complex was funded in the 13th century by Bishop Iwo Odrowąż. Subsequently, after the fire, it was rebuilt in the 17th and the 18th century and has been functioning incessantly to this day. For over 780 years, it has been managed by the Norbertine Sisters and supported by benefactors and volunteers. Thanks to the numerous initiatives that are undertaken and the systematically performed construction work, the overall functionality of the complex has increased. The old monuments offer numerous possibilities of using their diverse wealth by all the interested persons.
Disorders window openings – family house in Lipno nad Vltavou
Authors: Dedic Martin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper was to assess the state of the window openings and the height positioning of the sliding window HST portal (heroal S 77 HI) and the design of the repair. During the construction-technical survey, it was found that this is an unfinished (unconditioned) new building of the family house. It is a freestanding detached family house, the object is partially recessed into the terrain. The building is built of brick technology with a wooden roof structure. It has been found that the windows are visibly damaged by the connection gap, especially from the interior side in the lower corners of the windows. At this point, the cleaner APU strip was detached from the plaster and the plaster was severely damaged. Further, measurements were made to reveal the frames of the windows and their glass fillings towards the interior. In addition to all the fixed windows, the rest of the windows fitted also showed a slight deflection and lack of anchoring. Fitting the HST portal goes against the owner´s requirements to a zero transition between the clean floor of the interior and the minimization of the staircase towards the terrace of the building.
One Imagination in Experiences of Beauty and Achievements of Understanding
Authors: Breitenbach Angela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
I argue for the unity of imagination in two prima facie diverse contexts: experiences of beauty and achievements of understanding. I develop my argument in three steps. First, I begin by describing a type of aesthetic experience that is grounded in a set of imaginative activities on the part of the person having the experience. Second, I argue that the same set of imaginative activities that grounds this type of aesthetic experience also contributes to achievements of understanding. Third, I show that my unified account of imagination has important implications: it sheds light on two puzzling phenomena, the aesthetic value of science and the cognitive value of art.
6 The Intersection of Human Rights and Decision Making Capacity Legislation with Person Centred Approaches
Authors: Phelan Amanda , Clarke Patricia Rickard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
A major focus on decision making capacity (as opposed to cognitive capacity and competence) legislation in many Western countries is the integration of a human rights approach focused on self-determination and autonomy. This paper examines modern day concepts of personhood and person centred care and presents Irish and United Kingdom legal commentaries which focus on health services’ and society's approaches to risky decision making. Integrating human rights into decision making capacity legislation has been central in contemporary discourses on health and welfare.

Methods
A literature review was undertaken charting the emergence of personhood, person centred care and human rights. Case studies of influential legal commentaries in Ireland and the United Kingdom where decision-making capacity was addressed were mapped to person centred care principles.

Results
Findings point to a convergence of discourses of human rights in contemporary approaches to health and social care as well as the evolution of legislation to support person centredness in fostering safeguarding and promoting autonomy and self-determination. Specific legal commentaries point to the need of health and social care to be mindful of paternalism and to conceptualise the concept of ‘risk’ with a particular emphasis on the inclusion and defence of the voice of the older or vulnerable person.

Conclusion
The intrinsic worth of each human is articulated through an implicit and explicit vindication of their human rights. The emergence of the third generation of human rights has argued the value of self-determination and autonomy, articulated through robust national legislation on decision-making capacity based on the core principles of person centred care approaches. This move from paternalism is imperative and is imbued in contemporary legislation and legal commentaries, which has noted the need for revisions in health and social care case management perspectives.