bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of multiregion local models for detection of SSC of whole peach (Amygdalus persica L.) by combining both hyperspectral imaging and wavelength optimization methods
Authors: Li Jiangbo , Fan Shuxiang , Huang Wenqian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSoluble solids content (SSC) is an important quality attribute representing the internal quality of fruits. In this study, the feasibility of different types of local region models used to measure SSC of whole peach by Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging coupling with effective wavelengths optimization methods was investigated. Three types of local region models namely V‐local model, H‐local model, and V&H‐local model were established based on different data sets (Set‐I, Set‐II, and Set‐III), respectively. For optimizing the models, effective wavelengths were chosen using three types of wavelength selection methods including Monte–Carlo‐uninformative variable elimination (MC‐UVE), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and random frog (RF), respectively. Model analysis demonstrated that all multispectral local region models have the similar or better performance than the corresponding models with full wavelengths, and RF‐PLS model did much better performance than MC‐UVE‐PLS and CARS‐PLS models in terms of each type of dataset. Also, RF‐PLS model was tried to measure whole SSC of the single peach using independent samples. Results showed that RF‐PLS model could obtain the best SSC assessment ability with rp of 0.8469 and RMSEP of 0.4260 based on Set‐III and 31 wavelengths. However, as an alternative, V‐local model was also useful for SSC assessment of peach.Practical applicationsConventional SSC assessment is usually performed by destructive way and it is very time‐wasting. This way is only helpful for sampling several fruits from the whole batch. In a global competitive marketplace, the noncontacting and fast detection of internal quality of fruit is very important for fruit processing factory. Based on the hyperspectral imaging, this study develops the effective multi‐region local models for SSC prediction of whole peach. It is meaningful because it could provide the useful references for establishing a more robust multispectral global model used to detect the internal quality of other kind of fruit.
Analysis of tolvaptan non‐responders and outcomes of tolvaptan treatment of ascites
Authors: Iwamoto Takuya , Maeda Masaki , Saeki Issei , Hidaka Isao , Tajima Kunihiko , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Takami Taro , Sakaida Isao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe goals of the study were to identify an effective treatment for ascites and to examine the influence of tolvaptan on outcomes by investigating non‐responders to tolvaptan and comparing outcomes of hepatic cirrhosis in patients treated with and without tolvaptan.MethodsIn Study 1, of 145 patients with hepatic cirrhosis who were treated with tolvaptan between September 2013 and March 2018, 45 who did not achieve weight loss of ≥1.5 kg within one week were investigated. In Study 2, 83 patients who received tolvaptan for ascites between September 2013 and March 2017 were compared with 131 patients who were treated for ascites without use of tolvaptan between January 2006 and January 2012.ResultsIn Study 1, the 45 patients were divided into three groups based on changes in dosing of diuretics. Renal function was retained in the dose reduction group compared with that in the other groups, and the rate of discharge with remission and the outcomes were also favorable in patients with dose reduction. In Study 2, survival was significantly more favorable in patients treated with tolvaptan.ConclusionsDose reduction of diuretics may be effective for patients with reduced renal function for whom tolvaptan is ineffective or the effect is insufficient and may also improve outcomes of patients with hepatic cirrhosis by preventing a decline in renal function caused by an increased dose of diuretics.
Nurses’ experiences of caring for older patients afflicted by delirium in a neurological department
Authors: Kristiansen Susanne , Konradsen Hanne , Beck Malene 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate nurses’ experiences of caring for older (65+ years) patients afflicted by delirium in a neurological department.BackgroundDelirium is a frequent, acute and potentially fatal condition. Patients experience delirium as painful and stressful. The literature shows that nursing care is crucial in the prevention and treatment of delirium. The nurses’ approach to the patient with delirium is essential for the quality of care provided to the patient.DesignA qualitative, exploratory design was used to study the nurses’ experiences of caring for patients afflicted by delirium. The study complied with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).MethodsA total of fourteen nurses participated in three focus groups. The nurses’ narratives were used to elucidate their experiences, perceptions, attitudes and views towards the patient with delirium. The texts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed three themes: The relationship with the patient is challenged, expertise is requested, and barriers to cooperation exist.ConclusionsNurses experienced a relationship with patients with delirium that was influenced by a lack of knowledge about communication with such patients. This resulted in a lack of person‐centred care and knowledge about the patient's habitual condition and life story; hence, nurses did not discover the patient's initial delirium. Inadequate and unstructured documentation did the nursing effort initiated late so the patient's delirium was developing. Uncertainty caused lack of dialogue between nurses, which afflicted the partnership and relation between the patient and the nurse. A fast pace workload affected relationships, knowledge, documentation and collaboration. Thus, the person‐centred approach to the patient was challenged, which made the provision of professional nursing care difficult.Relevance to clinical practiceA continuous focus on patients with delirium, as well as specialised care, based on factual knowledge about delirium is necessary. Hence, communication skills are required to accommodate this group of patients and their need for care.
Healthcare professionals’ competence in digitalisation: A systematic review
Authors: Konttila Jenni , Siira Heidi , Kyngäs Helvi , Lahtinen Minna , Elo Satu , Kääriäinen Maria , Kaakinen Pirjo , Oikarinen Anne , Yamakawa Miyae , Fukui Sakiko , Utsumi Momoe , Higami Yoko , Higuchi Akari , Mikkonen Kristina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify key areas of competence for digitalisation in healthcare settings, describe healthcare professionals’ competencies in these areas and identify factors related to their competence.BackgroundDigitalisation requires changes in healthcare practices, policies and actions to revise job expectations and workflows. The aspects of patient safety and integration of digitalisation into the professional context necessitate an assessment of healthcare professionals’ competencies in digitalisation.DesignSystematic review.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following Center of Reviews and Dissemination guidelines, including application of a PRISMA statement. Four databases—CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science and Academic Search Premiere (EBSCO)—were searched for relevant original peer‐reviewed studies published between 2012–2017. Twelve were chosen for final analysis: five quantitative studies and seven qualitative studies, which were, respectively, subjected to narrative and thematic synthesis.ResultsKey competence areas regarding digitalisation from a healthcare perspective identified encompass knowledge of digital technology and the digital skills required to provide good patient care, including associated social and communication skills, and ethical considerations of digitalisation in patient care. Healthcare professionals need the motivation and willingness to acquire experience of digitalisation in their professional context. Collegial and organisational support appear to be essential factors for building positive experiences of digitalisation for healthcare professionals.ConclusionHealthcare organisations should both pay attention to the social environment of a workplace and create a positive atmosphere if they want to improve the response to digitalisation. The successful implementation of new technology requires organisational and collegial support.Relevance to clinical practiceRecommendations for clinical practice include the following: development of competence in digitalisation by healthcare professionals when using technological equipment to minimise errors; provision of sufficient resources, equipment and room for technology usage; and provision of regular education that considers the participants’ competencies.
Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale: Psychometric evaluation among cancer patients
Authors: Xie Haiyan , Taylor Elizabeth Johnston , Li Mengqi , Wang Ying , Liang Tao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo translate and validate the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale (NSTS) among cancer patients in Beijing, China.BackgroundSpirituality is an essential and integrating facet of persons. However, spirituality is a new concept for most people in mainland China.MethodsThe NSTS was translated, adapted and content‐validated. The psychometric evaluation was performed with data collected from cancer patients hospitalised in one of the two academic medical centres. After computing the scale content validity index (S‐CVI), exploratory factor analysis was conducted to understand the content validity of the scale. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. GRRAS checklist was used to enhance the quality and transparency of this research.ResultsParticipants (N = 153) completed the 18‐item C‐NSTS. The S‐CVI of the C‐NSTS was 0.92. Cronbach's alpha of C‐NSTS was 0.88. The C‐NSTS was observed to include three factors (providing of religious support, listening to one's life perception and finding of one's value) and three additional items that did not adequately load onto a factor, yet were retained given their face value. Together, these factors explained 65.2% of the variance.ConclusionThis initial psychometric evaluation of the 18‐item C‐NSTS demonstrated it to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess cancer patients’ wishes regarding nurse‐provided spiritual care in the Chinese culture.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings could be used for spiritual care, hospice and palliative care, undergraduate or graduate studies.
Risk factors for intraoperative pressure injuries in patients undergoing digestive surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Xiong Can , Gao Xinglian , Ma Qiong , Yang Ying , Wang Zengyan , Yu Wenjing , Yu Lei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAim and objectiveTo investigate the incidence of intraoperative blanchable erythema and pressure injuries in patients undergoing digestive surgery and to explore potential risk factors.BackgroundPressure injuries pose significant economic and healthcare burden to patients and are used as one of the key indicators of nursing in the operation room with high incidence.DesignA retrospective observational study.MethodsBasic information and the results of 3S intraoperative risk assessment scale of pressure injury were obtained from the information system. And the patients with intraoperative blanchable erythema or pressure injuries were followed up for 72 hr by the information system. The clinical data were collected to analyse risk factors for intraoperative blanchable erythema and pressure injuries by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. STROBE checklist for cohort studies was applied in the preparation of the paper.ResultsOf 5,136 surgical cases, 134 (2.61%) had blanchable erythema, 37 (0.72%) had intraoperative pressure injuries, and 8 (0.16%) had pressure injuries at 72‐hr follow‐up. Preoperative skin under compression, preoperative physical activity, surgical position and extra intraoperative pressure were considered independent risk factors for intraoperative pressure injuries.ConclusionThe incidence of pressure injuries in our study was lower than those reported in the previous studies. Accessing preoperative skin under compression, preoperative physical activity, surgical position and extra intraoperative pressure was considered to be significant for preventing pressure injuries.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings suggest that preoperative skin under compression, preoperative physical activity, surgical position and extra intraoperative pressure are associated with intraoperative pressure injuries in patients undergoing digestive surgery.
Contextualizing personality: Personality within and across social roles and conceptual levels
Authors: Dunlop William L. , Hanley Grace E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivePersonality psychologists have begun to consider the predictive ability of comparable personality characteristics at the levels of traits, goals, and narrative identity. Here, we build upon and extend this work by adopting a contextualized personality approach. Doing so entailed exploring the implications of personality characteristics within three social roles and at each level of personality in relation to role‐specific and generalized measures of psychological adjustment.MethodsUndergraduates (N = 155) rated traits and specified goals and narratives pertaining to their roles as friends, students, and sons/daughters. Measures of trait‐based, goal‐based, and narrative‐based approach orientation were subsequently derived.ResultsWithin personality levels, mean‐levels of approach orientation differed significantly across social roles. Goal‐based and narrative‐based approach orientation showed inconsistent associations with role‐specific psychological adjustment. When approach orientation was aggregated across roles, however, it demonstrated positive relations with adjustment at each personality level.ConclusionsThere exists contextual variability among and between personality characteristics and adjustment. In addition, in certain cases, aggregating across contextualized personality measures (within conceptual levels) may provide a more reliable indicator of the underlying psychological construct. These results contribute to an evolving understanding of personality coherence and the relation between personality characteristics and context.
Melatonin protects chronic kidney disease mesenchymal stem cells against senescence via PrPC‐dependent enhancement of the mitochondrial function
Authors: Han Yong‐Seok , Kim Sang Min , Lee Jun Hee , Jung Seo Kyung , Noh Hyunjin , Lee Sang Hun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy is a treatment strategy for ischemic diseases associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), MSCs of CKD patients undergo accelerated senescence, with decreased viability and proliferation upon uremic toxin exposure, inhibiting their utility as a potent stem cell source for transplantation therapy. We investigated the effects of melatonin administration in protecting against cell senescence and decreased viability induced by pathophysiological conditions near the engraftment site. MSCs harvested from CKD mouse models were treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. CKD‐derived MSCs exhibited greater oxidative stress‐induced senescence than normal‐mMSCs, while melatonin protected CKD‐mMSCs from H2O2 and associated excessive senescence. The latter was mediated by PrPC‐dependent mitochondrial functional enhancement; melatonin upregulated PrPC, which bound PINK1, thus promoting mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism. In vivo, melatonin‐treated CKD‐mMSCs survived longer, with increased secretion of angiogenic cytokines in ischemic disease engraftment sites. CKD‐mMSCs are more susceptible to H2O2‐induced senescence than normal‐mMSCs, and melatonin administration protects CKD‐mMSCs from excessive senescence by upregulating PrPC and enhancing mitochondrial function. Melatonin showed favorable therapeutic effects by successfully protecting CKD‐mMSCs from related ischemic conditions, thereby enhancing angiogenesis and survival. These results elucidate the mechanism underlying senescence inhibition by melatonin in stem cell‐based therapies using mouse‐derived CKD‐mMSCs.
Basal glucosuria in cats
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian Karl , Polsterer Theresa , Krempl Herbert , Schwendenwein Ilse 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjective of this study was to demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of glucose in urine of euglycemic cats by a highly sensitive glucose assay. The local electronic database was searched for results of quantitative urine glucose measurements in cats. A total of 325 feline urine glucose measurements were identified, of which 303 (93%) had been submitted by one of the co‐authors working in a near‐by small animal practice. After the exclusion of patients with kidney disease (n = 60), hyperthyroidism (n = 15), diabetes mellitus (n = 11), multiple diseases (n = 9) or steroid treatment (n = 3), as well as serial measurements (n = 87) and outliers (n = 8), the final study population consisted of 132 cats. Urine creatinine concentration was unavailable in five patients. Whereas all but one cat had glucose concentrations above the detection limit of the assay (0.11 mmol/L, Gluco‐quant Enzyme Kit/Roche Diagnostics), no positive glucose dipstick test result (Combur 9‐Test, Roche Diagnostics) was observed. The median (range) of urinary glucose concentration and the glucose‐to‐creatinine ratio (UGCR) was 0.389 (<0.11–1.665) mmol/L and 0.0258 (0.007–0.517) respectively. The UGCR was not affected by age, gender, breed or leukocyturia, whereas cats with hematuria had slightly higher values. Data show that so‐called “basal glucosuria” is present in the majority of cats and by no means diagnostic for diabetes mellitus or renal glucosuria. This has to be considered when using bio‐analytical methods with a low limit of quantification.
Mycophenolic acid in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases: From humans to dogs
Authors: Klotsman Michael , Sathyan Gayatri , Anderson Wayne H. , Garden Oliver A. , Shivanand Padmaja 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMycophenolic acid (MPA), a noncompetitive, selective and reversible inhibitor of inosine 5′‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), is an immunosuppressive agent that has a long history in medicine. Mechanistically, the inhibition of IMPDH leads to the selective and eventual arrest of T‐ and B‐lymphocyte proliferation. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), the first MPA‐based product to receive marketing approval over two decades ago, was originally indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in human transplant patients. Given its broad immunosuppressive properties and ability to selectively inhibit lymphocyte division and effector functions, the clinical utility of MPA was subsequently explored in a host of autoimmune diseases. Human clinical studies have shown MPA to be safe and effective and support its off‐label administration for immune‐mediated diseases such as lupus, myasthenia gravis and atopic dermatitis. MMF became generically available in the United States in 2008, and its clinical utility is increasingly being explored as a treatment option for dogs with immune‐mediated diseases. This review summarizes the available literature for MPA pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and the current status of MPA as a treatment for client‐owned dogs diagnosed with immune‐mediated diseases.
Amylase increases energy and nutrient density of Super Cereal Plus porridge as prepared and accepted by Rwandan caregivers
Authors: Broersen Britt , Sinamo Sisay , Nsabimana Jules , Mahamadou Tanimoune , Gatete Edgar , Prigge Shane , Van Hoan Nguyen , de Pee Saskia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdding amylase to Super Cereal Plus (SC+A) improves energy and nutrient intake as porridge energy density reaches 1.0 kcal/g, meeting the recommended ≥0.8 kcal/g for prepared foods for young children. Caregiver response to SC+A in terms of adjusting porridge preparation using printed pictogram instructions was not yet investigated. The study assessed (a) porridge preparation by caregivers; (b) porridge energy density; (c) sensory porridge acceptability; and (d) understanding of preparation instructions. An 8‐day follow‐up intervention study was conducted amongst caregivers of children aged 6–23 months (n = 238) in Rwanda. Caregivers prepared porridge using SC+A whilst referring to printed pictogram instructions at the study site on Days 1 and 8 and received flour for preparation at home on Days 2–7. At the site, data were collected on porridge preparation procedures, energy density, consistency, acceptability, and interviews (n = 12), and focus group discussions (n = 6) were conducted. Mean porridge dry matter (DM) increased from 21.3 ± 4.4% (Day 1) to 25.1 ± 4.8% (Day 8; p < 0.0005). Flour and water were mixed before cooking by 95% of the participants, as per printed instructions. Sensory porridge acceptability was high, and the printed instructions enabled caregivers to prepare an accepted and energy dense porridge. The preferred water/flour volume ratio was 2.5 instead of 3. In conclusion, Rwandan caregivers prepared well‐accepted SC+A porridges with a preferred consistency and mean DM content of 25.1% (1.0 kcal/g), after 1 week practicing at home. This supports introducing SC+A with the tested instructions at scale.
Multiple infections, relatedness and virulence in the anther‐smut fungus castrating Saponaria plants
Authors: Fortuna Taiadjana M. , Namias Alice , Snirc Alodie , Branca Antoine , Hood Michael E. , Raquin Christian , Shykoff Jacqui A. , Giraud Tatiana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultiple infections (co‐occurrence of multiple pathogen genotypes within an individual host) can have important impacts on diseases. Relatedness among pathogens can affect the likelihood of multiple infections and their consequences through kin selection. Previous studies on the castrating anther‐smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis‐dioicae have shown that multiple infections occur in its host plant Silene latifolia. Relatedness was high among fungal genotypes within plants, which could result from competitive exclusion between unrelated fungal genotypes, from population structure or from interactions between plant and fungal genotypes for infection ability. Here, we aimed at disentangling these hypotheses using M. saponariae and its host Saponaria officinalis, both experimentally tractable for these questions. By analysing populations using microsatellite markers, we also found frequent occurrence of multiple infections and high relatedness among strains within host plants. Infections resulting from experimental inoculations in the greenhouse also revealed high relatedness among strains co‐infecting host plants, even in clonally replicated plant genotypes, indicating that high relatedness within plants did not result merely from plant x fungus interactions or population structure. Furthermore, hyphal growth in vitro was affected by the presence of a competitor growing nearby and by its genetic similarity, although this latter effect was strain‐dependent. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that relatedness‐dependent competitive exclusion occurs in Microbotryum fungi within plants. These microorganisms can thus respond to competitors and to their level of relatedness.