bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating room for evidence‐based practice: Leader behavior in hospital wards
Authors: Renolen Åste , Hjälmhult Esther , Høye Sevald , Danbolt Lars Johan , Kirkevold Marit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe integration (routinizing and sustaining) of evidence‐based practice (EBP) into hospital management is a key element for improving patient safety and ensuring better patient outcomes. Hospital managers and clinical leaders play crucial roles in this integration. Interactions between leaders and integration context influence the improvement's quality, but leader‐based actions that are effective for improving nursing practice remain unclear. The relationship between leaders could also either hinder or enable this implementation process. The aim of this study was to generate a theory about patterns of leader behavior that leaders are engaged in when attempting to integrate EBP in a clinical setting. We used a classic grounded theory methodology to generate a substantive EBP theory. In this study, through participant observation, we observed 63 nurses (15 specialist, 39 registered, and 9 assistant nurses). From these, five ward leaders (two head nurses, one assistant head nurse, and two teaching nurses) participated in individual interviews, and 18 clinical nurses participated in four focus groups. “Creating room for EBP” emerged as a theory for explaining the way in which the leaders attempted to resolve their main concern: How to achieve EBP treatment and care with tight resources and without overextending the nurses. Creating room for EBP encompasses a process of interactions, including positioning for, executing, and interpreting responses to EBP.
Evaluation of intravirion human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA degradation activity in saliva by an RNA cleavage quantification method
Authors: Murayama Masaaki , Yamazaki Sayaka , Yamada Eiko , Ikeno Ryo , Nagata Masaki , Takagi Ritsuo , Kato Shingo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection through blood, breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions has been established, no report has clearly demonstrated HIV‐1 infection through saliva. We postulated that a low or absent infectivity of HIV‐1 in saliva is due to the damage of viral RNA in virions. To test this hypothesis, we developed an RNA cleavage quantification method.Materials and methodsA part of the gag gene was reverse transcribed from HIV‐1 RNA extracted from saliva‐treated virus, and the cDNA product was analyzed by quantitative real‐time PCR at three positions that were located at various distances from the reverse transcription (RT) start site. The slope of plots of cycle threshold value vs distance between the RT start site and the primer‐binding position was used to evaluate the degree of RNA damage.ResultsWhen free HIV‐1 RNA was incubated in saliva, the RNA became undetectable within 5 minutes; however, when virions were incubated, cleavage of the viral RNA occurred at a much slower rate. Although heat treatment at 70°C for 20 minutes did not influence the ability of saliva to cleave free HIV‐1 RNA, it completely suppressed the RNA cleavage activity within the viral envelope, suggesting that viral structure was loosen or destroyed by thermolabile factors and then intravirion RNA was digested by salivary ribonucleases.ConclusionsWe detected thermolabile intravirion RNA cleavage activity in saliva. This activity may be related to a poor infectivity of HIV‐1 in saliva.
Do Deferred Retirement Benefits Retain Government Employees?
Authors: Quinby Laura D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study explores how deferred retirement benefits affect employee retention in the U.S. public sector. State government employees in Michigan transitioned from a defined‐benefit pension with 10‐year vesting to a defined‐contribution plan with immediate vesting and less generous retiree health insurance benefits. Participation in either plan depends on date of hire, permitting a regression discontinuity research design. The shift away from generous deferred benefits caused a 5 percentage point decrease in the probability of remaining in state employment for at least a decade. The probability of leaving with four to nine years of tenure increased commensurately. Older professional workers were quite responsive to the design of their retirement benefits, whereas younger workers did not adjust their labor supply.
Well‐Posed Equations of States for Condensed‐Phase Explosives
Authors: Lee Kibaek , Hernández Alberto M. , Stewart D. Scott 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe discuss equation of state forms used to describe condensed high explosive materials that are comprised of mixed components of reactants and products. We show that when the equations of state have poor thermodynamic properties, or good properties but used outside their calibration domain, reactive flow simulations can fail unexpectedly, due to either no states or multiple found thermodynamic states. We propose the use of complete equations of states for components to build multi‐component equations of state for explosive mixtures. Specific examples of equation of state forms are given that show both simulation failure and success, when well‐posed equation of state forms are used to simulate blast generated by the initiation of an explosive from an intense high‐pressure source.
A Conjugated Copper Porphyrin Polymer for Catalytic Coupling of Acetonitrile and Alcohols
Authors: Zhu Jiangping , Liu Enqing , Gao Yong , Yang Weijun , Huang Can , Liu Fan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA nitrogen‐phenyl‐bridged copper porphyrin polymer was synthesized, and copper ions were further coordinated on the bridging imine groups to obtain a copper porphyrin polymer containing two coordinative copper ions (Cu–MP−Cu‐2). The polymer was characterized by IR, SEM/TEM, N2 adsorption and XPS. Cu–MP−Cu‐2 has an unequal columnar structure accumulated by porphyrin layers with diameters of about 20–100 nm. Cu–MP−Cu‐2 also has an excellent micro‐mesoporous structure on the surface and in the interior. Under the synergistic catalysis of imino‐coordinated Cu(II) and Cu(II) in the porphyrin ring, the polymer can catalyze the oxidative coupling of alcohols and acetonitrile to form β‐ketonitrile compounds with high efficiency because of its special structure. The Cu–MP−Cu‐2 remained stable and still had high catalytic activity after several recycles.
Hydrothermal Coating of Patterned Carbon Nanotube Forest for Structured Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Jessl Sarah , Copic Davor , Engelke Simon , Ahmad Shahab , De Volder Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractControlling the arrangement and interface of nanoparticles is essential to achieve good transfer of charge, heat, or mechanical load. This is particularly challenging in systems requiring hybrid nanoparticle mixtures such as combinations of organic and inorganic materials. This work presents a process to coat vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests with metal oxide nanoparticles using microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Hydrothermal processes normally damage delicate CNT forests, which is addressed here by a combination of lithographic patterning, transfer printing, and reduction of the synthesis time. This process is applied for the fabrication of structured Li‐ion battery (LIB) electrodes where the aligned CNTs provide a straight electron transport path through the electrode and the hydrothermal coating process is used to coat the CNTs with conversion anode materials for LIBs. These nanoparticles are anchored on the surface of the CNTs and batteries fabricated following this process show a fourfold longer cyclability. Finally, this process is used to create thick electrodes (350 µm) with a gravimetric capacity of over 900 mAh g−1.
Analytic Acoustic–Elastic Coupled Equations and Their Application in Vector-Wave-Based Imaging of Ocean Bottom 4C Data
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Geng Jianhua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In conventional vector-wave-based elastic reverse-time migration, there are two types of artifacts: low-frequency artifacts and nonphysical artifacts. Vector-decomposition-based acoustic–elastic coupled equations are effective in suppressing nonphysical artifacts by using ocean bottom four component (4C) seismic data for receiver-side tensorial extrapolation. We introduce up/down-going wave separation into the vector-decomposition-based acoustic–elastic coupled equations, and deduce novel analytic acoustic–elastic coupled equations. With these novel equations, we can obtain the source-side and receiver-side up-going and down-going P/S-wave vectors in wavefield propagation, and effectively suppress both of the artifacts in vector-wave-based elastic reverse-time migration by combining receiver-side tensorial extrapolation and the decomposed vector-wave-based imaging conditions. Examples using synthetic data and field data are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of our method.
The BRCA2 mutation status shapes the immune phenotype of prostate cancer
Authors: Jenzer Maximilian , Keß Peter , Nientiedt Cathleen , Endris Volker , Kippenberger Maximilian , Leichsenring Jonas , Stögbauer Fabian , Haimes Josh , Mishkin Skyler , Kudlow Brian , Kaczorowski Adam , Zschäbitz Stefanie , Volckmar Anna-Lena , Sültmann Holger , Jäger Dirk , Duensing Anette , Schirmacher Peter , Hohenfellner Markus , Grüllich Carsten , Stenzinger Albrecht , Duensing Stefan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDefects in DNA damage repair caused by mutations inBRCA1/2, ATMor other genes have been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. The influence of such mutations on anti-tumor immunity in prostate cancer, however, is largely unknown. To better understand the correlation betweenBRCA1/2mutations and the immune phenotype in prostate cancer, we characterized the immune infiltrate of eightBRCA2-mutated tumors in comparison with eightBRCA1/2wild-type patients by T-cell receptor sequencing and immunohistochemistry for CD45, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD163. In addition, we analyzed seven prostate cancer biopsies that were eitherBRCA2orATM-mutated in comparison with wild-type tumors. Whereas inBRCA1/2wild-type tumors, immune cells were found predominantly extratumorally, mostBRCA2-mutated tumors including one biopsy showed a significantly increased intratumoral immune cell infiltration. The ratio of intratumoral to extratumoral immune cells was considerably higher inBRCA2-mutated tumors for all markers and reached statistical significance for CD4 (p = 0.007), CD8 (p = 0.006), and FOXP3 (p = 0.001). However, the intratumoral CD8 to FOXP3 ratio showed a trend to be lower inBRCA2-mutated tumors suggesting a more suppressed tumor immune microenvironment. Our findings provide a rationale for the future use of immune oncological approaches inBRCA2-mutated prostate cancer and may encourage efforts to target immunosuppressive T-cell populations to prime tumors for immunotherapy.
Suture‐Tool: A Mechanical Needle Driver for Standardized Wound Closure
Authors: Börner Gabriel , Montgomery Agneta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionA laparotomy is commonly required to gain abdominal access. A safe standardized access and closure technique is warranted to minimize abdominal wall complications like wound infections, burst abdomen and incisional hernias. Stitches are recommended to be small and placed tightly, obtaining a suture length‐to‐incision length (SL/WL) ratio of ≥ 4:1. This can be time‐consuming and difficult to achieve especially following long trying surgical procedures. The aim was to develop and evaluate a new mechanical suture device for standardized wound closure.MethodsA mechanical suture device (Suture‐tool) was developed in collaboration between a medical technology engineer team with the aim to achieve a standardized suture line of high quality that could be performed speedy and safe. Ten surgeons closed an incision in an animal tissue model after a standardized introduction of the instrument comparing the device to conventional needle driver suturing (NDS) using the 4:1 technique. Outcome measures were SL/WL ratio, number of stitches and suture time.ResultsIn total, 80 suture lines were evaluated. SL/WL ratio of ≥ 4 was achieved in 95% using the Suture‐tool and 30% using NDS (p < 0,001). Number of stitches was similar. Suture time was 30% shorter using the Suture‐tool compared to NDS (2 min 54 s vs. 4 min 5 s; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe mechanical needle driver seems to be a promising device to perform a speedy standardized high‐quality suture line for fascial closure.
Analysis of a novel RNA virus in a wild northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus)
Authors: Reuter Gábor , Várallyay Éva , Baráth Dániel , Földvári Gábor , Szekeres Sándor , Boros Ákos , Kapusinszky Beatrix , Delwart Eric , Pankovics Péter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Tombusviruses are generally considered plant viruses. A novel tombus-/carmotetravirus-like RNA virus was identified in a faecal sample and blood and muscle tissues from a wild northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus). The complete genome of the virus, called H14-hedgehog/2015/HUN (GenBank accession number MN044446), is 4,118 nucleotides in length with a readthrough stop codon of type/group 1 in ORF1 and lacks a poly(A) tract at the 3′ end. The predicted ORF1-RT (RdRp) and the capsid proteins had low (31-33%) amino acid sequence identity to unclassified tombus-/noda-like viruses (Hubei tombus-like virus 12 and Beihai noda-like virus 10), respectively, discovered recently in invertebrate animals. An in vivo experimental plant inoculation study showed that an in vitro-transcribed H14-hedgehog/2015/HUN viral RNA did not replicate in Nicotiana benthamiana, Chenopodium quinoa, or Chenopodium murale, the most susceptible hosts for plant-origin tombusviruses.
Bottom-Up Forces Drive Increases in the Abundance of Large Daphnids in Four Small Lakes Stocked with Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Interior British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Mushet Graham R. , Laird Kathleen R. , Leavitt Peter R. , Maricle Stephen , Klassen Andrew , Cumming Brian F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe introduction of salmonids into lakes of western North America for sport fishing is a widespread phenomenon. While numerous investigations have documented cascading trophic interactions upon the introduction of fish into naturally fishless systems, little research has been done to investigate the importance of natural fish status (fishless vs. fish bearing) in modulating historical food web response to dual forcing by bottom-up (resource regulation from nutrients) and top-down (planktivory from stocked fish) processes. We used the paleolimnological record to reconstruct food web changes in four lakes in interior British Columbia that have been stocked with rainbow trout since the early to mid-1900s. Analysis of pigments, diatoms, and Cladocera was undertaken in cores from all lakes. We predicted that if fish were important in structuring cladoceran abundance and composition, we would document a decline in the abundance of large daphnids post-stocking in our two naturally fishless lakes, and little change in the two fish-bearing lakes. Instead, we documented increased abundance of large daphnids after stocking in all lakes in the early to mid-1900s, a finding inconsistent with size-selective predation from planktivorous fish. Further, our data suggest that deep, low-oxygen refugia may be important in sustaining populations of largeDaphnia, a process which was enhanced by increased nutrients and lake production according to sub-fossil diatom and pigment analyses. This study shows that fish stocking does not invariably result in a decrease in large-bodied Cladocera and that nutrients and lake type can modulate the response of invertebrate planktivores.
Assignment of heterogeneous agents in trees under the permission value
Authors: Chakrabarti Subhadip , Ghintran Amandine , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We investigate assignment of heterogeneous agents in trees where the payoff is given by the permission value. We focus on optimal hierarchies, namely those, for which the payoff of the top agent is maximized. For additive games, such hierarchies are always cogent, namely, more productive agents occupy higher positions. The result can be extended to non-additive games with appropriate restrictions on the value function. Next, we consider auctions where agents bid for positions in a vertical hierarchy of depth 2 . Under standard auctions, usually this results in a non-cogent hierarchy.
An Interdisciplinary Definition of Pornography: Results from a Global Delphi Panel
Authors: McKee Alan , Byron Paul , Litsou Katerina , Ingham Roger 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In interdisciplinary investigations into the relationships between pornography and its audiences, the issue of how to define the object of study is more complex than in studies situated within a single discipline. A Delphi panel of 38 leading pornography researchers from a wide range of disciplines was asked about various topics, including the definition of pornography. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of two rounds of survey responses suggested two different and—at first sight—incompatible definitions operating. The first was “Sexually explicit materials intended to arouse.” The second was a culturally relative definition suggesting pornography has no innate characteristics. This technical report suggests that we should encourage researchers to choose which definition they want to use in a self-reflective way depending on the needs of the project, so long as they make it explicit and justify their decision.
The role of South African researchers in intercontinental collaboration
Authors: Kozma Csaba , Calero-Medina Clara 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe analysis presented here focuses on mapping, based on publication output, the scientific collaboration of African based researchers and the role of the South African research community as a channel for within- and intercontinental collaborations. We have selected 10 scientific fields, namely, Tropical Medicine, Parasitology, Infectious Disease, Ecology, Water Resources, Immunology, Zoology, Plant Sciences, Agricultural and Food Sciences, and Psychology to gain a clear picture of the aforementioned scientific activity. As a first step, we created cooperation networks and visualized them on world-maps. In addition, centrality measures of the network were calculated to see the frequency of involvement regarding different countries, with a focus on South Africa, in the collaboration process. Furthermore, first and last authorship positions of the publications were summed to highlight the influence of the selected authors on the direction of and resources provided to the publications. Finally, the most prominent funding organizations and their focus on the selected fields were singled out. Through combining these steps of analysis, we gained an accurate picture of the level of involvement of the South African research community in within- and intercontinental scientific collaboration.
Civil unmanned aircraft systems and security: The European approach
Authors: Huttunen Mikko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCivil unmanned aircraft systems, commonly known as drones, have many useful applications but can also be used to intentionally cause harm. Additionally, drones themselves can be subject to unlawful interference. In this article, I analyze how European Union’s new rules on drones affect such security threats. I argue that the rules on protecting drones from unlawful interference are promising, although the required security features can also be abused by rogue operators. The intentional misuse of drones, however, is not much deterred by the rules that seek to protect persons and property from such misuse. Rules concerning the operator and the pilot assume compliance, the mandatory technical safeguards can be circumvented, and oversight is difficult because drones are mostly operated from outside airports in a distributed manner. One way to fill the security gap is to employ anti-drone technology that detects drones and prevents them from entering sensitive airspace without permission. Although many airports have already adopted such technology, the EU should consider making it mandatory for the busiest airports. Regardless of rules enacted by the Union, though, reliable and safe means of stopping unlawful drone operations should be employed at critical locations. This applies also to areas like prisons and power plants, the protection of which falls within the ambit of national security.
The DLR TuLam project: design of a short and medium range transport aircraft with forward swept NLF wing
Authors: Seitz A. , Hübner A. , Risse K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to further raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of laminar technologies in aircraft design the German Aerospace Center DLR conducted an internal project called TuLam (Toughen up Laminar Technology), which lasted from 2014 to 2017. In the course of the project two technology paths were pursued, namely Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) and Hybrid Laminar Flow Control (HLFC). Within the frame of the NLF path a short and medium range transport aircraft with forward swept laminar wing was designed. The present paper is focused on the aerodynamic design of the forward swept wing in cruise flight. As a special feature in comparison with previous designs of transonic laminar flow wings a trailing edge flap of 10% chord depth is employed to allow for an adaptation of the laminar bucket to off-design conditions. The resulting wing was assessed on overall aircraft level with respect to its fuel reduction potential, whereby the CSR-01 configuration, essentially a re-design of the Airbus A320-200, was used as a reference.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Extentions of neutrosophic cubic sets via complex fuzzy sets with application
Authors: Gulistan Muhammad , Khan Salma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose that the complex neutrosophic cubic set (internal and external) show, which is a blend of complex fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, and cubic sets. We characterize a few set theoretic activities of internal complex neutrosophic sets, for example, union, intersection and complement, and a while later the operational principles. A few ideas identified with the structure of this model are clarified. We present some accumulation administrators and talk about some basic leadership issue with genuine model.
Selectivity Estimation on Set Containment Search
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Ying , Lin Xuemin , Wang Liping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we study the problem of selectivity estimation on set containment search. Given a query record Q and a record dataset $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
, we aim to accurately and efficiently estimate the selectivity of set containment search of query Q over $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
. We first extend existing distinct value estimating techniques to solve this problem and develop an inverted list and G-KMV sketch-based approach IL-GKMV. We analyze that the performance of IL-GKMV degrades with the increase in vocabulary size. Motivated by limitations of existing techniques and the inherent challenges of the problem, we resort to developing effective and efficient sampling approaches and propose an ordered trie structure-based sampling approach named OT-Sampling. OT-Sampling partitions records based on element frequency and occurrence patterns and is significantly more accurate compared with simple random sampling method and IL-GKMV. To further enhance the performance, a divide-and-conquer-based sampling approach, DC-Sampling, is presented with an inclusion/exclusion prefix to explore the pruning opportunities. Meanwhile, we consider weighted set containment selectivity estimation and devise stratified random sampling approach named StrRS.
We theoretically analyze the proposed techniques regarding various accuracy estimators. Our comprehensive experiments on nine real datasets verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed techniques.