bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching assistant and pupil interactions: The role of repair and topic management in scaffolding learning
Authors: Bosanquet Paula , Radford Julie 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundTeaching assistants (TAs) are taking increasing responsibility for the learning of pupils. A key instructional skill for TAs is the ability to scaffold learning.AimTo explore the interactions of TAs in relation to scaffolding as a theory of instruction.MethodsObservational data in the form of video were collected. Conversation analysis was used to examine these interactions.ResultsExamples are explored where repair of troubles and construction of topic are highly led by the TA. As such, these interactions cannot be seen to constitute scaffolding.ConclusionsTeaching assistants require training in scaffolding as an instructional strategy, and educational psychologists (EPs) could play a vital role in this respect.
HOTAIR, a long noncoding RNA, is a marker of abnormal cell cycle regulation in lung cancer
Authors: Liu Minghui , Zhang Hongyi , Li Ying , Wang Rui , Li Yongwen , Zhang Hongbing , Ren Dian , Liu Hongyu , Kang Chunsheng , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2018

Dysregulation of the cell cycle is a key indicator of tumors, including lung cancer. Recently, the study of cell cycle inhibitors has made great progress in relation to lung cancer. However, the question of what kinds of patients can use cell cycle inhibitors has plagued us. Therefore, seeking an accurate and convenient marker for the abnormal cell cycle in lung cancer is very important. In the present research, we showed that lncRNA HOTAIR is an optimal indicator of cell cycle dysregulation in lung cancer. In the present study, we investigated HOTAIR‐specific expression in lung primary tumor samples by analyzing the TCGA public database and 67 pairs of patients’ tissues collected from our department. Through the TCGA public database KEGG analysis, HOTAIR correlates with the cell cycle pathway. We identified that HOTAIR and its 2 segments, HOTAIR3′ and HOTAIR5′, promote the cell cycle passing through the restriction point during G1‐S phase by regulating the Rb‐E2F pathway and influence non–small‐cell lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the β‐catenin pathway in vitro and vivo. Finally, we showed that the high expression of HOTAIR was associated with resistance to gefitinib through the dysregulated cell cycle. In conclusion, HOTAIR could be an ideal indicator of cell cycle dysregulation and guide the use of cell cycle inhibitors.
The cortisol stress response induced by surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prete Alessandro , Yan Qi , Al‐Tarrah Khaled , Akturk Halis K. , Prokop Larry J. , Alahdab Fares , Foster Mark A. , Lord Janet M. , Karavitaki Niki , Wass John A. , Murad Mohammad H. , Arlt Wiebke , Bancos Irina 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveSurgery is a stressor that can be categorized by duration and severity and induces a systemic stress response that includes increased adrenal cortisol production. However, the precise impact of surgical stress on the cortisol response remains to be defined.DesignWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the cortisol stress response induced by surgery and to stratify this response according to different parameters.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search in several databases from 1990 to 2016. Pairs of reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Cortisol concentrations were standardized, pooled in meta‐analysis and plotted over time.ResultsWe included 71 studies reporting peri‐operative serum cortisol measurements in 2953 patients. The cortisol response differed substantially between moderately/highly invasive and minimally invasive surgical procedures. Minimally invasive procedures did not show a peri‐operative cortisol peak, whereas more invasive surgeries caused a cortisol surge that was more pronounced in older subjects, women and patients undergoing open surgery and general anaesthesia. The duration of the procedure and the use of etomidate for induction of anaesthesia did not affect the cortisol response.ConclusionsThe peri‐operative cortisol stress response is dynamic and influenced by patient‐specific, surgical and anaesthetic features. However, the available evidence is derived from highly heterogeneous studies, with only two of 71 studies measuring cortisol by mass spectrometry, which currently prevents a precise and reproducible definition of this response.
Patients with a fast progression profile in geographic atrophy have increased CD200 expression on circulating monocytes
Authors: Krogh Nielsen Marie , Subhi Yousif , Molbech Christopher R , Falk Mads K , Singh Amardeep , Nissen Mogens H , Sørensen Torben L 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImportanceGeographic atrophy (GA) is a progressing atrophy of the neuroretina with no treatment option.BackgroundAge‐related malfunction of retinal microglia amplifies response towards age‐related tissue stress in age‐related macular degeneration. Here, we investigated monocyte CD200 expression – the circulating middleman negotiating retinal microglial activity – in a poorly understood subtype of age‐related macular degeneration.DesignProspective case–control study.ParticipantsForty‐six patients with GA and 26 healthy controls were included.MethodsAll participants were subjected to a structured interview and detailed retinal examination. Controls were recruited from patient's spouses accompanying them in the clinic to match the groups best possibly. Participants had no history of immune disorders or cancer, and did not receive any immune‐modulating medication. Patients did not have any history or sign of choroidal neovascularization in either eye. Fresh drawn blood was stained with monoclonal antibodies and prepared for flow cytometry to evaluate CD200 expression in monocytes and their functional subsets.Main Outcome MeasuresThe percentage of CD200+ monocytes in patients and controls.ResultsWe found that monocytes were more CD200 positive in patients with GA compared to healthy age‐matched controls. Then, we explored the potential relationship between CD200 expression and important fundus autofluorescence patterns that predict disease progression. Patients with a high risk of progression (patients with high degree of hyperautofluorescence) had distinctly increased CD200 expression compared to other patients with GA.Conclusions and RelevanceOur data reveals that abnormal monocytic CD200 expression is present in GA, and in particular among those identified as fast progressors.
No association between sleep apnoea and macular telangiectasia type 2 and its markers of severity and progression: a case–control study and retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Martin G , Marshall Nathaniel S , Clemons Traci E , Hunter Michael L , James Alan L , Grunstein Ron R , Nguyen Vuong , Campain Anna , Gillies Mark C 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImportanceIdiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel) is an uncommon, progressive retinal disease usually affecting both eyes. Currently there is no know treatment however with similar comorbidities to Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) there is plausibility of an association which may accelerate disease progression.BackgroundTo identify an association between MacTel and OSA and whether OSA may result in increased disease progression.DesignMatched case–control study and retrospective cohort analysis.ParticipantsFifty‐seven patients with MacTel and 165 matched controls from the Busselton Health Study.MethodsMacTel participants were matched based on age, gender and body mass index (BMI) (and where possible hypertension and diabetes) on a 3:1 ratio with controls from the Busselton Health Study. Participants undertook a sleep questionnaire using a previously validated questionnaire. In a subset sleep apnoea severity was objectively measured via overnight ambulatory polygraphy (30 cases and 83 matched controls; ApneaLink device; ResMed, Sydney, Australia). In a retrospective analysis of the suspected MacTel cases we assessed whether major markers of OSA severity and MacTel progression were associated.Main Outcome MeasuresApnoea Hypopnea Index along with key markers of MacTel progression.ResultsMacTel patients did not have a higher risk of sleep apnoea when compared to age, sex and BMI ‐matched controls (mean ± SD Apnoea hypopnea index [AHI] cases 9.6 ± 14.7 vs. controls 9.7 ± 10.8, P = 0.95). No markers of disease progression in the cases were associated with any marker of OSA severity.Conclusions and RelevanceSleep apnoea does not increase the risk or accelerate the progression of MacTel.
Keratitis antimicrobial resistance surveillance program, Sydney, Australia: 2016 Annual Report
Authors: Watson Stephanie , Cabrera‐Aguas Maria , Khoo Pauline , Pratama Ryanbi , Gatus Barrie J , Gulholm Trine , El‐Nasser Jasmin , Lahra Monica M 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImportanceAntimicrobial resistance data from bacterial keratitis in Australia are lacking.BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is a global health threat. Bacterial keratitis is an ophthalmic emergency requiring immediate and effective treatment.DesignRetrospective cohort study of bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility profiles at a quaternary hospital in Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsTwo hundred and twenty‐four corneal scrapes from patients from January 1 to December 31, 2016.MethodsMatrix assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry identified bacteria. The Calibrated Dichotomous Sensitivity (CDS) method determined antibiotic susceptibilities.Main Outcome MeasuresIsolated organisms and antibiotic susceptibilities.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐eight scrapes of 224 (75%) were culture positive. One hundred and thirty‐one patients had a single organism isolated and 21 had mixed bacterial growth. Of the 157 organisms isolated, 131 (83%) were Gram‐positive and 27 (17%) Gram‐negative. Of the Gram‐positive organisms, 75 (57%) were coagulase‐negative Staphylococci (CoNS), 15 (11%) Staphylococcus aureus (including one methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) and 8 (6%) Corynebacterium spp. Of the Gram‐negative organisms, 15 (58%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) resistance to chloramphenicol was 21%, ciprofloxacin 7% and gentamicin 7%. With CoNS resistance to cefalotin was 9%, gentamicin 9% and ciprofloxacin 9%. With Corynebacterium spp. resistance was 40% to cefalotin, chloramphenicol 25% and ciprofloxacin 14%.Conclusions and Relevance
Staphyloccocus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were the most common microorganisms isolated. There was low resistance to cefalotin and ciprofloxacin for these isolates. More than 90% of these would be covered by current therapeutic recommendations for empiric therapy in Australia.
Implant rehabilitation of the edentulous jaws: Does tilting of posterior implants at an angle greater than 45° affect bone resorption and implant success?: A retrospective study
Authors: Malchiodi Luciano , Moro Tommaso , Cattina Diego P. , Cucchi Alessandro , Ghensi Paolo , Nocini Pier F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to (1) investigate the success of posterior implants tilted >45° when 4 immediately loaded implants were used to support full‐arch prostheses, eliminating any distal cantilever and (2) examine the effect on marginal bone loss (MBL) of different combinations of anterior multi‐unit abutment (MUA) angles and posterior implant tilting angles.Materials and MethodsRecords of patients rehabilitated according to the Columbus Bridge Protocol were analyzed. Peri‐implant bone levels (PBLs) and MBL were measured for each implant. The influence of posterior implant tilting angle on PBL, MBL, and implant and prosthetic success rate was investigated. The impact on the same endpoints of different anterior MUA angles, and different combinations of anterior MUA and tilted posterior implant angles was also examined.ResultsRecords of 41 patients were analyzed, for a total of 46 complete rehabilitations, and 142 implants (52 anterior, 63 posterior tilted ≤45° [group 1], and 27 posterior tilted >45° [group 2]). No implants were lost during the follow‐up (25.9 months), and no prosthetic complications were reported. Success rate for posterior implants was 100% in group 1 and 96.3% in group 2. Mean MBL differed significantly between the 2 groups (0.45 mm in group 1, 0.66 in group 2 [P = .04]), but not when the analysis was limited to implants in the same jaw. Implant tilting angle did not correlate with MBL and the MUA angle had no effect on bone resorption around posterior implants, neither in the sample as a whole nor in individual patients.ConclusionsPosterior implants tilted >45° to eliminate distal cantilever may be as safe as those tilted less in severely atrophic jaws rehabilitated with immediately loaded, full‐arch prostheses supported on 4 implants. Further prospective studies on larger samples of patients and implants and with longer follow‐up are needed to confirm these findings.
A probabilistic model for state sequence analysis in hidden Markov model for hand gesture recognition
Authors: Sagayam K. Martin , Hemanth D. Jude 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe role of gesture recognition is significant in areas like human‐computer interaction, sign language, virtual reality, machine vision, etc. Among various gestures of the human body, hand gestures play a major role to communicate nonverbally with the computer. As the hand gesture is a continuous pattern with respect to time, the hidden Markov model (HMM) is found to be the most suitable pattern recognition tool, which can be modeled using the hand gesture parameters. The HMM considers the speeded up robust feature features of hand gesture and uses them to train and test the system. Conventionally, the Viterbi algorithm has been used for training process in HMM by discovering the shortest decoded path in the state diagram. The recursiveness of the Viterbi algorithm leads to computational complexity during the execution process. In order to reduce the complexity, the state sequence analysis approach is proposed for training the hand gesture model, which provides a better recognition rate and accuracy than that of the Viterbi algorithm. The performance of the proposed approach is explored in the context of pattern recognition with the Cambridge hand gesture data set.
Unethical authorship practices: A qualitative study in Malaysian higher education institutions
Authors: Olesen Angelina , Amin Latifah , Mahadi Zurina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo explore academia perceptions and experience with unethical authorship practices in their respective institutions.Method21 in‐depth interviews were carried out.ResultsOur analysis revealed variability in experiences with various types of unethical authorship practices among the interviewees. Second, we found that unethical authorship practices are not so unusual among academia although the exact numbers of incidents are unknown due to the fact that such practices are seldom reported. Third, our interviewees revealed that the culture of ‘publish or perish’ could be the main contributor to unethical practices of authorship because publication records are the main criteria for researcher's career evaluation besides, others, which are set by the university.ConclusionIt was suggested that the institution must play a proactive role in educating and promoting awareness on authorship guidelines, through education and training, ethical leadership as well as promoting the importance of publication ethics.
Intensive multidisciplinary weight management in patients with type 1 diabetes and obesity: A one‐year retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Mottalib Adham , Tomah Shaheen , Hafida Samar , Elseaidy Taha , Kasetty Megan , Ashrafzadeh Sahar , Hamdy Osama 
Published: July 2018

AimsRecent studies report that approximately 50% of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are overweight or obese. This work studies the effects of intensive multidisciplinary weight management (IMWM) in patients with T1D and obesity.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 68 patients with T1D and obesity who enrolled in a 12‐week IMWM program (IMWM cohort: mean age, 42 ± 11 years; HbA1c, 8.3% ± 1.0%; body weight, 104.3 ± 18.2 kg; BMI, 36.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2). We matched them 1:1 with a similar cohort of patients receiving standard care (SC cohort: mean age, 42 ± 12 years; HbA1c, 8.3% ± 1.0%; body weight, 102.4 ± 17.9 kg; BMI, 36.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2). Data were collected at baseline and at 12 months.ResultsParticipants in the IMWM cohort had a body weight change of −6.6 ± 1.8 kg or −6.4% ± 1.6% of their initial body weight, while participants in the SC cohort had no change (P < 0.01 for group*time interaction). Participants in the IMWM cohort had a change in HbA1c of −0.4% ± 0.1% from baseline (P < 0.01), while participants in the SC cohort had no change. There was no difference in glycaemic control between cohorts at 12 months. Total daily insulin dose changed by −5.9 ± 1.8 units/d from baseline in the IMWM cohort while there was no change in the SC cohort (P < 0.01 for group*time interaction).ConclusionsIn comparison to standard care, patients with T1D and obesity who participated in an IMWM programme achieved significant weight loss and significant reduction in daily insulin dose at 1 year. Weight reduction was associated with improvements in glycaemic control compared to baseline.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors and the risk of fractures of the upper or lower limbs in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nested case–control study
Authors: Schmedt Niklas , Andersohn Frank , Walker Jochen , Garbe Edeltraut 
Published: July 2018

AimsTo investigate whether the use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of fractures.Material and methodsWe conducted a cohort study with nested case–control analysis based on the InGef database between November 2011 and December 2016 among patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiating treatment with, switching to, or adding a new class of non‐insulin antidiabetic drug. Patients with a hospital or ambulatory diagnosis of fractures of the upper or lower limbs were included and were matched to up to 40 randomly sampled control subjects. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate confounder adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of fractures, comparing current use of metformin plus SGLT‐2 inhibitor or metformin plus another antidiabetic drug class to metformin plus DPP‐4 inhibitor as reference.ResultsThe cohort comprised 210 042 new users of non‐insulin antidiabetic drugs. For the nested case–control analysis, 7522 patients with fractures were matched to 296 845 control subjects. In the crude and confounder adjusted analyses, current use of metformin plus SGLT‐2 inhibitor compared to current use of metformin plus DPP‐4 inhibitor was not associated with fractures (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.72‐1.39 and OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.71‐1.37, respectively). Similarly, no statistically significant association was found for current use of metformin plus another antidiabetic drug class. No treatment effect modification was observed after stratification by number of documented risk factors for falls and fractures (< 4 vs ≥ 4) and age (< 75 vs ≥ 75 years).ConclusionOur study suggests that use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors and other antidiabetic drug classes are not associated with an increased risk of fractures of the upper or lower limbs compared to use of DPP‐4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Bargaining With Hard Evidence
Authors: Eső Péter , Wallace Chris 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article studies how the presence of concealable hard evidence affects the timing of agreement and the size and distribution of surplus in bargaining. A buyer and a seller receive randomly arriving, verifiable, but concealable evidence about the value of a tradable good. Each party discloses individually favourable information but conceals signals that benefit the other side, giving rise to mutual suspicion; the seller repeatedly posts prices valid for one period. In the leading case of interest with a finite horizon and sufficiently patient players, the equilibrium is characterised by an interval of skimming (a sequence of prices acceptable only to a buyer who has learned that the good’s value is high) concluded by a single settlement period in which agreement is reached for sure. The length of delay until agreement and the corresponding efficiency loss are decreasing in the time horizon and in the abilities of the trading parties to identify the good’s value, but increasing in impatience. An arbitrarily long time horizon leads to immediate agreement if the parties are even slightly impatient and interaction is frequent enough; if the parties are perfectly patient, there is no trade without evidence disclosure.
Timepoints of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus colonization predict outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Scheich Sebastian , Weber Sarah , König Rosalie , Wilke Anne C. , Lindner Sarah , Reinheimer Claudia , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Hogardt Michael , A. J. Kempf Volkhard , Kessel Johanna , Martin Hans , Bug Gesine , Serve Hubert , Steffen Björn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn hematology and oncology, in particular in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) colonization rates are high due to previous hospital stays and preceding antibiotic treatment and colonized patients have a lower overall survival (OS).ObjectiveWe reanalyzed our previously published cohort, to unravel which colonization timepoints before and during allo‐HSCT might be predictive for the subsequent outcome.Patients and methodsWe report about 268 patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving an allo‐HSCT between 2006 and 2016.ResultsWe identified 129 never‐colonized patients, 15 previously colonized patients (positive only before admission for allo‐HSCT), 41 persistently colonized patients (positive before and at admission for allo‐HSCT), and 83 newly colonized patients (positive only during allo‐HSCT). Persistently and newly colonized patients had a worse 60 months OS due to increased incidence of non‐relapse‐related mortality (NRM) than never‐colonized patients (OS: never‐colonized: 61.0% vs persistently colonized: 43.5%; P = 0.023 vs newly colonized: 45.6%; P = 0.046). In contrast, OS and NRM of never‐colonized and previously colonized patients as well as between persistently and newly colonized patients were similar.ConclusionPatients can lose their VRE colonization status and acquisition of VRE during inpatient stay for allo‐HSCT decreases survival to a similar extend as persistent colonization.