From reflective observation to active learning: A mobile experiential learning approach for environmental science education
Authors: Cheng Shu‐Chen , Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Chen Chih‐Hung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral previous studies have emphasized the importance of situating students in authentic learning or problem‐solving contexts to enhance their learning performances. However, some challenges of situated learning have been stated, such as the lack of effective learning support or concrete objective design to improve students’ learning engagement, problem‐solving competences and their active thinking. In this study, a mobile technology‐supported experiential learning system was developed to improve students’ problem‐solving competences as well as their learning performances, attitudes and collective efficacy. Moreover, an experiment was conducted on an environmental science course in an elementary school to compare the effects of this method with those of the conventional situated mobile learning approach on students’ learning effectiveness. The experimental results display that the implemented approach can significantly enhance students’ learning achievements, environmental attitudes and collective efficacy; furthermore, the students who learned with the implemented approach showed higher problem‐solving competence than those who learned with the conventional situated mobile learning approach, implying a noticeable reference for conducting experiential learning activities in environmental science education. Furthermore, the promotion of students’ active thinking in the mobile technology‐supported experiential learning is discussed.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

The importance of situating students in authentic learning or problem‐solving contexts to enhance their learning performances has been emphasized.
Some challenges of situated learning have been stated, such as the lack of effective learning support or concrete objective design to improve students’ learning engagement, problem‐solving competences and active thinking.
Properly integrating technology into instruction is most effective in an authentic learning context.
What this paper adds

A mobile technology‐supported experiential learning system was designed to conduct an authentic learning activity.
The proposed approach can significantly enhance students’ learning achievements, environmental attitudes and collective efficacy.
The students who learned with the proposed approach showed higher problem‐solving competence than those who learned with the conventional situated mobile learning approach.
The promotion of students’ active thinking while learning with the mobile technology‐supported experiential learning system is discussed.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The mobile technology‐supported experiential learning system is beneficial to students in an authentic learning environment as it triggers their active thinking.
Such an approach can be designed with authentic learning activities in other courses by replacing the authentic objects and learning materials.
It would be interesting to probe students’ social interactions and learning patterns in an experiential collective learning activity.