bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WiFi‐controlled portable atomic force microscope
Authors: Wang Yingda , You Qingyang , Zhang Ziyao , Chen Jiajun , Zhang Haijun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article proposes to develop a WiFi‐controlled portable atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM consists of a horizontal probe, controlling circuits, digital to analog (D/A) and analog to digital (A/D) interfaces, a microcomputer (Raspberry Pi, RPi), and a laptop. The proposed AFM uses a pocket‐size power supply to drive the controlling circuits, the D/A and A/D interfaces, as well as the RPi that constructs network hotspots and generates scanning signals. With special design and integration of the whole system, both of the AFM probe and electronic controlling system are portable. At a distance of 50 m from the proposed AFM, experiments in the constant height mode and the constant force mode are conducted to evaluate its performance. The results show that this WiFi‐controlled AFM has a maximum scan range of 3.6 × 3.6 μm2 with nanometer order resolution. Meanwhile, it achieves satisfactory image contrast, stability, and repeatability. Compared with conventional AFMs, the AFM proposed in this paper no longer relies on commercial AC mains supply or high‐voltage DC power supply, and realizes WiFi‐controlled AFM scanning and imaging in 50 m or farther without wire or network cable connection to a laptop or a desktop computer. Given credits to these features, WiFi‐controlled AFMs are expected to own a wider range of application, especially in isolated environments, outdoor researches, or even fieldwork investigations.
The diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism by an integrative “multi‐omics” approach: A perspective encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics
Authors: Stenton Sarah L. , Kremer Laura S. , Kopajtich Robert , Ludwig Christina , Prokisch Holger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven the rapidly decreasing cost and increasing speed and accessibility of massively parallel technologies, the integration of comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data into a “multi‐omics” diagnostic pipeline is within reach. Even though genomic analysis has the capability to reveal all possible perturbations in our genetic code, analysis typically reaches a diagnosis in just 35% of cases, with a diagnostic gap arising due to limitations in prioritization and interpretation of detected variants. Here we review the utility of complementing genetic data with transcriptomic data and give a perspective for the introduction of proteomics into the diagnostic pipeline. Together these methodologies enable comprehensive capture of the functional consequence of variants, unobtainable by the analysis of each methodology in isolation. This facilitates functional annotation and reprioritization of candidate genes and variants—a promising approach to shed light on the underlying molecular cause of a patient's disease, increasing diagnostic rate, and allowing actionability in clinical practice.
Fat, fight, and beyond: The multiple roles of lipid droplets in infections and inflammation
Authors: Pereira-Dutra Filipe S , Teixeira Livia , de Souza Costa Maria Fernanda , Bozza Patrícia T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Increased accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in host nonadipose cells is commonly observed in response to numerous infectious diseases, including bacterial, parasite, and fungal infections. LDs are lipid-enriched, dynamic organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell and stimulus regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, LDs have come to be seen as an essential platform for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and the immune response. LD participation in the immune response occurs as sites for compartmentalization of several immunometabolic signaling pathways, production of inflammatory lipid mediators, and regulation of antigen presentation. Infection-driven LD biogenesis is a complexly regulated process that involves innate immune receptors, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, increased lipid uptake, and new lipid synthesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that intracellular pathogens are able to exploit LDs as an energy source, a replication site, and/or a mechanism of immune response evasion. Nevertheless, LDs can also act in favor of the host as part of the immune and inflammatory response to pathogens. Here, we review recent findings that explored the new roles of LDs in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
Impact of differences in the decaying phase of El Niño on South and East Asia summer monsoon in CMIP5 models
Authors: Srinivas Gangiredla , Chowdary Jasti S. , Gnanaseelan Chellappan , Parekh Anant , Dandi Ramu , Prasad Koneru Venkata Siva Rama , Naidu Chennu Venkata 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study examined the ability of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models in representing the differences in decaying phases of El Niño and their impact on south Asia and east Asia monsoon during June and July (JJ), the early summer monsoon months. El Niño decay is classified into three categories, based on the timing of decay with respect to the summer season after the peak phase of El Niño. Analysis suggests that many CMIP5 models are able to capture the differences in the decaying phase of El Niño. Observed rainfall anomalies are positive over most parts of south and east Asia regions during the early decay (ED) years mainly due to anomalous Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) warming and La Niña like forcing from the eastern Pacific. Most models show significant skill in capturing the positive rainfall anomalies over south Asia and TIO SST warming in ED years. However, many models have failed to represent east Asian rainfall anomalies due to weak Western North Pacific (WNP) anticyclone and its association with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. In case of mid‐decay (MD) years, observed rainfall anomalies over south Asia is negative especially in the monsoon trough region and positive over east Asian region. Low‐level divergence induced by anomalous WNP anticyclone extending to head Bay of Bengal and Gangetic Plain region in MD years caused low rainfall over south Asia. These features are however not well organized in many CMIP5 models. In no decay (ND) years, the rainfall anomalies over south and east Asia regions are negative in almost all the CMIP5 models, which is consistent with the observations. This study highlights the importance of proper representation of differences in the decaying phase of El Niño and associated teleconnections in CMIP5 models.
An empirical study of the behavior of patients who leave the emergency department without being seen
Authors: Bolandifar Ehsan , DeHoratius Nicole , Olsen Tava , Wiler Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQueue abandonment has a significant impact on system performance. However, the key drivers for abandonment, particularly in observable systems, are not well understood. To better inform our understanding of abandonment behavior, we study the effect of three operational drivers of abandonment from a hospital emergency department (ED), namely, waiting time, queue length, and observed service rate. We confirm that all three factors affect a patient's propensity for leaving the waiting area without being seen by a physician (LWBS), that is, abandoning the queue. Further, these factors interact with each other in a nonlinear fashion. Both ED crowding and observed service rate influence a patient's perception of waiting time. Moreover, patients are not homogenous in their abandonment response, and we observe behavior that is distinct for patients with severe conditions. Specifically, patients who report to a congested ED with more severe conditions are more inclined to abandon the ED early in the process compared to patients with less severe conditions. Further, we observe that patients with severe conditions who elect to remain in the crowded ED exhibit less sensitivity to waiting time and observed service rate than other patient types. We discuss the implications of this observed abandonment behavior on ED management.
Effects of a Medial Knee Unloading Implant on Tibiofemoral Joint Mechanics During Walking
Authors: Morgan Oliver J. , Hillstrom Howard J. , Ranawat Anil , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert , Hillstrom Rajshree 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe Atlas™ unicompartmental knee system is a second‐generation extra‐articular unloading implant for patients with mild to moderate medial knee osteoarthritis. The technology acts to reduce a portion of the weight‐bearing load exerted on the medial knee during physical activity thereby, reducing the mechanical stress imposed on a degenerative joint. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the Atlas™ on tibiofemoral joint mechanics during walking. A computer‐aided design assembly of the Atlas™ was virtually implanted on the medial aspect of a previously validated finite element tibiofemoral joint model. Data for knee joint forces and moments from an anthropometrically matched male were applied to the model to quasi‐statically simulate the stance phase of gait. Predictions of tibiofemoral joint mechanics were computed pre‐ and post‐virtual implantation of the Atlas™. Compressive force in the medial tibiofemoral compartment was reduced by a mean of 53%, resulting in the decrement of mean cartilage–cartilage and cartilage–meniscus von Mises stress by 31% and 32%, respectively. The Atlas™ was not predicted to transfer net loading to the lateral compartment. The tibiofemoral joint model exhibited less internal–external rotation and anterior–posterior translation post‐Atlas™, indicating a change in the kinematic environment of the knee. From a biomechanical perspective, extra‐articular joint unloading may serve as a treatment option for patients recalcitrant to conservative care. Evaluation of mechanical changes in the tibiofemoral joint demonstrate the potential treatment mechanism of the Atlas™, in accordance with the available clinical data. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2149–2156, 2019
Anemia of inflammation associated with periodontitis: Analysis of two clinical studies
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Darbar Ulpee , Rakmanee Thanasak , Donos Nikos 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile leukocytosis is a common feature of severe periodontitis, a smaller amount of evidence has been produced on erythrocytes counts in periodontitis, suggesting a possible tendency to anemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between periodontitis and circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets.MethodsThe study included 471 patients with periodontitis (including aggressive periodontitis [AgP], and chronic periodontitis [CP]) and periodontal health. A separate sample of 333 patients from a previous study (127 AgP and 206 periodontally healthy) was used as replication. Periodontal clinical data were collected and a blood sample was obtained from each participant for hematological analysis of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets.ResultsAdjusted linear regression analyses revealed associations between periodontitis and total leukocytes counts (p < 0.001), neutrophil counts (P <0.001) and hematocrit (HCT) levels (P = 0.045). Sub‐analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between AgP and CP. Disease severity was correlated with total leukocyte and neutrophil counts and HCT (P <0.001, P <0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). In the replication sample, adjusted linear regression analysis revealed associations between periodontitis and decreased hemoglobin (HB) (P = 0.009), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (P = 0.023), and MCH concentration (P <0.001). A subset of patients included in these studies (14% to 15.7% of periodontitis versus 8.4% to 10.2% of healthy, respectively, in the two cohorts) were anemic based on the World Health Organization criteria.ConclusionThis paper, reporting results of periodontal examination and blood sampling in over 800 patients, suggest that not just leukocytosis but also tendency to “anemia of inflammation” are typical features of periodontitis.
Research on Oleic Acid Amide Betaine Used in Surfactant‐Polymer Compound Flooding for Ordinary Heavy Oil
Authors: Fu Lipei , Liao Kaili , Pei Haihua , Zhang Guicai , Ge Jijiang , Jiang Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn view of the low recovery rate associated with water flooding, as well as the scaling problems caused by traditional alkali‐surfactant‐polymer flooding, the feasibility of using a betaine surfactant with high interfacial activity for chemical flooding of ordinary heavy oil was investigated. Aqueous solutions of oleic acid amide betaine (OAAB) with the mass concentration of 0.01% can reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to the ultralow level (10−3 mN m−1), making it suitable for chemical flooding. To solve the problem of high adsorption onto sandstone, static adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption tests were carried out. The results show that the weakly alkaline lignin can significantly reduce the adsorption quantity of OAAB by more than 40%, based on which, a compound‐flooding system of 0.1% partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) + 0.1% OAAB +0.75% lignin was constructed. Compared with water flooding, the ultimate rate was enhanced by 20.4%, resulting in a final recovery rate of 53.9%. The study of oil displacement mechanism shows that the excellent ability to reduce the oil–water interfacial tension of OAAB can emulsify heavy oil to small droplets easily, exhibiting better capacity in oil displacement efficiency. The polymer can increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase, reduce the mobility ratio of water to oil, weaken the fingering effect, and improve the sweep efficiency. Lignin can not only reduce the adsorption quantity of betaine surfactant, but also promote the adsorption of OAAB onto the oil–water interface, leading to enhance the emulsification performance of OAAB and maintain the oil displacement efficiency effectively. Therefore, the surfactant‐polymer flooding system based on the betaine surfactant can be developed into an economically and technically feasible flooding technology suitable for ordinary heavy oil reservoirs.
Imidazolium‐Based Stabilization of Aqueous Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Dispersions
Authors: Texter John , Crombez Rene , Maniglia Rafael , Ma Xiumin , Arjunan Vasantha Vivek , Manuelian Michael , Campbell Robert , Slater Lisa , Mourey Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImidazolium bromide, an ionic liquid surfactant acrylate, as well as its homopolymer and various copolymers are demonstrated to be superior dispersing aids for preparing aqueous multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersions. We demonstrate apparent complete exfoliation in water with extinction coefficients at 500 nm of about 60 cm2 mg−1 of MWCNT dispersed, a new lower bound and the highest reported extinction to date. The efficacy or efficiency of dispersion (activated by ultrasonication) is examined in terms of a quotient of extinction and weight ratio of the active monomer and MWCNT. A rank ordering of the results obtained for seven stabilizers based on the same imidazolium bromide monomer provides insights into roles of π‐overlap adsorption onto MWCNT surfaces and how hydrogel properties of some of these polymers provide stability in water at higher concentrations than previously considered feasible for surfactant‐stabilized and polymer‐stabilized MWCNT dispersions. Simple nanocomposite film formation is demonstrated by casting and thermal diffusivity and electrical conductivity properties are examined.
Color holographic display system based on utilization of effective viewing area
Authors: Wang Di , Xiao Dan , Liu Su‐Juan , Liu Chao , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a color holographic display system based on the utilization of effective viewing area (EVA) is proposed. Color reconstruction is achieved by using a single spatial light modulator (SLM). The EVA of three color reconstructed images is analyzed based on the holographic diffraction theory and the principle of geometrical optics. Then, the effective holograms of three colors are calculated based on the EVA of the system. When three color lasers are used to collimate the SLM, three color reconstructed images can be coincided in the same position with a fast speed of calculation. Moreover, the chromatic aberration can be eliminated and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed system.
Risk Factors for Intracardiac Thrombus During Liver Transplantation
Authors: Groose Molly K. , Aldred Breanna N. , Mezrich Joshua D. , Hammel Laura L. 
Published: May 2019

Intracardiac thrombus (ICT) is an intraoperative complication with high mortality that occurs during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Patients with end‐stage liver disease have compromised coagulation pathways, and when combined with stressors of surgery, thrombi can form. However, it is unknown which patients are most likely to develop ICT. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all OLT patients at our hospital from 2010 to 2017 to identify risk factors for ICT. An analysis was performed with conventional bivariate tests and logistic regression. The incidence of ICT during OLT was 4.2% (22/528) with a 45.5% (10/22) mortality. Patients who developed ICT had higher physiologic Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores at the time of transplant (25.1 versus 32.4; P = 0.004), received grafts from donors with a higher body mass index (28.1 versus 32.2 kg/m2; P = 0.007), and had longer intraoperative warm ischemia times (53.1 versus 67.5 minutes; P = 0.001). The odds of developing ICT were significantly lower after administration of intravenous (IV) heparin prior to inferior vena cava (IVC) clamping compared with no administration of heparin (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.08‐0.75; P = 0.01). In conclusion, the incidence of ICT at our institution is higher than previously reported, which may be explained by our routine use of transesophageal echocardiography. Although many factors associated with ICT in this study are nonmodifiable, administration of IV heparin prior to IVC cross‐clamping is modifiable and was found to be protective. Further studies will be needed to confirm findings and ultimately aid in preventing these lethal events.
Inclusion and commitment as key pathways between leadership and nonprofit performance
Authors: Brimhall Kim C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven the projected growth of workforce diversity in the United States and the fact that heterogeneous workforces result in both positive (increased retention and performance) and negative (increased conflict and turnover) organizational outcomes, nonprofit leaders are faced with the challenge of effectively managing their workforces. Findings ways to ensure positive workplace outcomes, such as employee commitment (an emotional attachment to the organization) and performance, is especially critical for the overall functioning of nonprofit organizations. Using longitudinal multilevel path analyses, this study examined whether transformational leadership influenced work group performance through both creating a climate for inclusion and increasing employee affective commitment in a diverse nonprofit health care organization. Results indicate that transformational leaders help increase perceptions of inclusion, which improves employee commitment to the organization, and ultimately enhances perceived work group performance. This suggests inclusion and affective commitment as key factors for how leaders can increase nonprofit performance.
Risk of depression in pregnant women with low‐normal serum Vitamin B12
Authors: Peppard Lora , Oh Kyeung Mi , Gallo Sina , Milligan Renee 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh prevalence rates of both Vitamin B12 insufficiency and depressive symptoms exist in pregnant women. Although the association between depressive symptoms and certain nutrient deficiencies like iron, folate, or Vitamin B12 has been established, the specific relationship between low‐normal serum Vitamin B12 levels and depressive symptoms in pregnant women in the United States has not been studied closely. Using 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, a secondary analysis was conducted to examine the association between low‐normal serum Vitamin B12 level and depression, as measured by a score of 10 or higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, in pregnant women (N = 174). In bivariate regression models, Vitamin B12 level, experiencing poverty, and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were significant predictors of depression. In multivariate logistic regression models, pregnant women with low‐normal serum Vitamin B12 levels (OR = 3.82, 95% CI [1.10–13.31], p < 0.04) were 3.82 times more likely to experience depression, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, pre‐pregnancy BMI, and the biomarkers hemoglobin and folate. Identifying and treating pregnant women with low‐normal Vitamin B12 levels may enhance prenatal depression management.
Closer: A videoconference intervention for distance caregivers of cancer patients
Authors: Blackstone Eric , Lipson Amy R. , Douglas Sara L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDistance caregivers (DCGs) represent a growing demographic. The emotional burden of caregiving for a family member with cancer is amplified by the logistical challenges of providing support from afar. DCGs feel higher levels of distress, anxiety, and depression compared with local caregivers. Videoconference technology may alleviate both the emotional and practical burdens faced by DCGs. This is an ongoing randomized controlled trial in 32 outpatient ambulatory clinics at a large, urban, comprehensive cancer center. To date, 332 patient‐DCG dyads have been enrolled. DCGs must have internet access and have been identified by the patient as a source of support. The intervention period is 4 months. DCGs are randomized to one of three arms: DCGs in Arm 1 receive four coaching sessions with an advanced practice nurse or social worker and four videoconference appointments during the oncologist‐patient office visit. DCGs in Arm 2 participate in four videoconference appointments with the oncologist and patient, and Arm 3 is the control group, which receives access to information through a website. Primary outcome variables are DCG distress, anxiety, depression, burden, self‐efficacy, and emotional support. These data are collected electronically at baseline, 4 months, and 6 months. Patient distress, anxiety, and depression are also assessed at these same intervals using brief in‐person interviews. The change in each of the DCG outcomes over time will be examined by a repeated measures analysis of covariance.
Proteomic Approaches to Decipher Mechanisms Underlying Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Singh Vaibhav , Tripathi Ajai , Dutta Ranjan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The cause of MS is unknown, with no effective therapies available to halt the progressive neurological disability. Development of new and improvement of existing therapeutic strategies therefore require a better understanding of MS pathogenesis, especially during the progressive phase of the disease. This can be achieved through development of biomarkers that can help to identify disease pathophysiology and monitor disease progression. Proteomics is a powerful and promising tool to accelerate biomarker detection and contribute to novel therapeutics. In this review, an overview of how proteomic technology using CNS tissues and biofluids from MS patients has provided important clues to the pathogenesis of MS is provided. Current publications, pitfalls, as well as directions of future research involving proteomic approaches to understand the pathogenesis of MS are discussed.