bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business model as a platform for the implementation of the process approach in the machine-building industry
Authors: Avlasko Z A , Bagdasarian I S , Avlasko P V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Economic growth opportunities and the country’s role in the global economy are directly dependent on the use of advanced technologies in industry. Mechanical engineering, and especially the reproduction equipment sector, is a basic industry that creates a wealthy nation and a country’s influence in the international market. The leading economic powers have already entered the period of the sixth technological order related to the development of micromechanics, thermonuclear and renewable energy, membrane and quantum technologies, nanotechnologies and others. In Russia at the moment, despite the measures of state support, the engineering industry is in deep decline. Major shifts in state support are needed to close this technological gap. However, enterprises themselves need to strengthen their work to improve management efficiency. The most promising method is to use a process approach, while its implementation should not be limited to documenting procedures. After all, business modeling is just a way of displaying the current and projected processes of an enterprise to improve its performance. The platform for the successful implementation of the process approach should be called the development of a business model, which should include a comprehensive analysis of the enterprise’s activities, market conditions, industry and technology development trends.
Methodical and practical aspects of development of financial strategy of the industrial enterprise
Authors: Chaikovskaya N V , Terentieva I V , Lukashova K A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article considers the methodological and practical aspects of the financial strategy of the enterprise. The role and importance of financial strategy in modern economic conditions are disclosed. The main methodological approaches to the development of the financial strategy of the enterprise are presented. The main stages of formation of the financial strategy are given on the example of JSC «Murom mechanical repair plant», which is an enterprise of the engineering industry. Problems of the enterprise are revealed on the basis of the comprehensive analysis of its financial activity. Matrix analytic method and SWOT analysis were used to develop the financial strategy of the enterprise and measures for its implementation. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures of the developed financial strategy is given.
Determination of the flow regime using the experimental hydrodynamic stand
Authors: Radzyuk Alexander Yu , Kulagin Vladimir A , Istyagina Elena B , Pianykh Tatyana A , Kolosov Mike V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article describes the approach to determining the flow regime using the experimental hydrodynamic stand for researching the cavitation processes. A series of experiments with technical tap water was performed, which allowed to confirm the reliability of the results obtained by comparing them with theoretical values. The researched values include mean flow rate, Reynolds number and cavitation numbers. Conclusions about the type of cavitation flow was made.
Limited Tissue Biopsies and Hematolymphoid Neoplasms
Authors: Ingersoll Kimberly F , Zhao Yue , Harrison Grant P , Li Yang , Yang Lian-He , Wang Endi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Use of fine-needle aspiration/needle core biopsy (FNA/CNB) in evaluating hematolymphoid processes has been debated. We investigate its applicability in various clinicopathologic settings.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 152 cases of FNA/CNB.

Results
Of 152 FNA/CNBs, 124 (81.6%) resulted in diagnoses without excisional biopsies, while 28 required subsequent excisional biopsies. Of these, 43 FNA/CNBs performed for suspected lymphoma relapse demonstrated 95.4% diagnostic rate (41/43), which was significantly better than those without history of lymphoma (77/109, 71%; odds ratio [OR], 8.5; confidence interval, 1.9-37.4). Patients with immunodeficiency also showed a high rate of diagnosis by FNA/CNB (100%). When stratified by types of disease, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high-grade B-cell lymphoma demonstrated a higher success rate (92.7%) than small B-cell lymphoma (79.2%), though the difference was not statistically significant (OR, 3.3; P value = .07). A subsequent excisional biopsy was required in 28 cases, 23 of which resulted in diagnoses concordant with the FNA/CNB. Five cases showed diagnostic discordance, reflecting pitfalls of FNA/CNB in unusual cases with complex pathology.

Conclusions
FNA/CNB is practical in evaluating most hematolymphoid lesions, with high efficacy in recurrent disease and some primary neoplasms with homogeneous/ aggressive histology, or characteristic immunophenotype.
DeepMito: accurate prediction of protein sub-mitochondrial localization using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Bruciaferri Niccolò , Tartari Giacomo , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMotivationThe correct localization of proteins in cell compartments is a key issue for their function. Particularly, mitochondrial proteins are physiologically active in different compartments and their aberrant localization contributes to the pathogenesis of human mitochondrial pathologies. Many computational methods exist to assign protein sequences to subcellular compartments such as nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles. However, a substantial lack of experimental evidence in public sequence databases hampered so far a finer grain discrimination, including also intra-organelle compartments.ResultsWe describe DeepMito, a novel method for predicting protein sub-mitochondrial cellular localization. Taking advantage of powerful deep-learning approaches, such as convolutional neural networks, our method is able to achieve very high prediction performances when discriminating among four different mitochondrial compartments (matrix, outer, inner and intermembrane regions). The method is trained and tested in cross-validation on a newly generated, high-quality dataset comprising 424 mitochondrial proteins with experimental evidence for sub-organelle localizations. We benchmark DeepMito towards the only one recent approach developed for the same task. Results indicate that DeepMito performances are superior. Finally, genomic-scale prediction on a highly-curated dataset of human mitochondrial proteins further confirms the effectiveness of our approach and suggests that DeepMito is a good candidate for genome-scale annotation of mitochondrial protein subcellular localization.Availability and implementationThe DeepMito web server as well as all datasets used in this study are available at http://busca.biocomp.unibo.it/deepmito. A standalone version of DeepMito is available on DockerHub at https://hub.docker.com/r/bolognabiocomp/deepmito. DeepMito source code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/BolognaBiocomp/deepmitoSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genomic Surveillance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Mathematical Early Modeling Study of Cost-effectiveness
Authors: Dymond Amy , Davies Heather , Mealing Stuart , Pollit Vicki , Coll Francesc , Brown Nicholas M , Peacock Sharon J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Genomic surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identifies unsuspected transmission events and outbreaks. Used proactively, this could direct early and highly targeted infection control interventions to prevent ongoing spread. Here, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of this intervention in a model that compared whole-genome sequencing plus current practice versus current practice alone.

Methods
A UK cost-effectiveness study was conducted using an early model built from the perspective of the National Health Service and personal social services. The effectiveness of sequencing was based on the relative reduction in total MRSA acquisitions in a cohort of hospitalized patients in the year following their index admissions. A sensitivity analysis was used to illustrate and assess the level of confidence associated with the conclusions of our economic evaluation.

Results
A cohort of 65 000 patients were run through the model. Assuming that sequencing would result in a 90% reduction in MRSA acquisition, 290 new MRSA cases were avoided. This gave an absolute reduction of 28.8% and avoidance of 2 MRSA-related deaths. Base case results indicated that the use of routine, proactive MRSA sequencing would be associated with estimated cost savings of over £728 290 per annual hospitalized cohort. The impact in total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was relatively modest, with sequencing leading to an additional 14.28 QALYs gained. Results were most sensitive to changes in the probability of a MRSA-negative patient acquiring MRSA during their hospital admission.

Conclusions
We showed that proactive genomic surveillance of MRSA is likely to be cost-effective. Further evaluation is required in the context of a prospective study.
Nest site selection and nest survival of Black-backed Woodpeckers after wildfire
Authors: Stillman Andrew N , Siegel Rodney B , Wilkerson Robert L , Johnson Matthew , Howell Christine A , Tingley Morgan W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recently burned coniferous forests host wildlife communities that respond to variation in burn severity, post-fire habitat structure, and patch configuration. Habitat selection theory predicts that birds inhabiting these variable post-fire landscapes will select nesting locations that confer an adaptive advantage through increased fitness and reproductive success. Understanding the effect of post-fire habitat on avian nesting ecology can provide valuable information to guide restoration and management after wildfire. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is strongly associated with recently burned forests in the western United States, where it is used as an indicator species for the effects of post-fire forest management. Between 2011 and 2018, we located and monitored 118 Black-backed Woodpecker nests in burned forests of northern California. We evaluated the influence of habitat and nest characteristics on nest site selection and daily nest survival. Our results demonstrate a pattern of neutral congruence between habitat selection and fitness. Black-backed Woodpeckers showed strong selection for each of the nest habitat variables that we measured: woodpeckers selected moderately sized trees in areas of high snag density burned at high severity, but also in areas relatively close to low-severity or unburned edges. However, only nest initiation date affected nest survival, with decreased survival in late-season nests. Our results suggest that management actions aimed at maintaining breeding habitat for Black-backed Woodpeckers should prioritize retention and creation of pyrodiverse landscapes that include dense stands of snags (>5 snags per 100 m2) within ~500 m of forest that burned at low severity or remained unburned.
Physiological stress responses of tigers due to anthropogenic disturbance especially tourism in two central Indian tiger reserves
Authors: Tyagi Abhinav , Kumar Vinod , Kittur Sagar , Reddy Mahender , Naidenko Sergey , Ganswindt Andre , Umapathy Govindhaswamy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tigers continue to face unprecedented threats to their existence due to poaching, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbances. The present study examines the physiological stress response of tigers due to anthropogenic activities including wildlife tourism in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and Kanha Tiger Reserve using faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) measurement. We collected a total of 341 faecal samples from both reserves during tourism and non-tourism periods. Data on various anthropogenic disturbances including tourism activities like number of vehicles and visitors were also collected. We ascertained the species identity and sex of all the samples collected using genetic markers. fGCMs were extracted using a previously reported procedure, and fGCM concentrations were subsequently determined using an established enzyme immunoassay. There was no significant difference in overall mean fGCM concentrations between the two tiger reserves, but within each reserve, concentrations were significantly higher in tigers during the tourism period as compared to the non-tourism period. We also found that the number of tourist vehicles and disturbance level significantly correlated with fGCM concentrations. This study further supports the assumption that unbridled tourism associated with high anthropogenic disturbance can be related to perceived stress and consequently may have an impact on the reproductive fitness of tigers and long-term survival of isolated populations.
Subregional Timber Supply Projections with Chip-n-Saw Stumpage: Implications for Southern Stumpage Markets
Authors: Parajuli Rajan , Tanger Shaun , Abt Robert , Cubbage Fred 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Softwood chip-n-saw (CNS), an intermediate stumpage product between sawtimber and pulpwood, has become a mainstay in southern timber markets in recent years. Most of the previous studies in southern timber markets primarily focused on pulpwood and sawtimber markets, and often overlooked CNS as a standalone timber product. Using the Subregional Timber Supply model, this study examines the dynamics of sawtimber- and pulpwood-dominated softwood stumpage markets with growing CNS markets in the US South. Results suggest that South-wide CNS inventory increases over the short run but begins to decrease by 2024, which leads to CNS prices rising over the years. The projected trends vary widely from one wood basket to another. This study provides additional nuance to future prospects of southern timber markets.
Proteomic Investigation of a Diseased Gorgonian Coral Indicates Disruption of Essential Cell Function and Investment in Inflammatory and Other Immune Processes
Authors: Ricci Contessa A , Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa , Chakrabarty Jayanta Kishor , Fuess Lauren E , Mann Whitney T , Jinks Lea R , Brinkhuis Vanessa , Chowdhury Saiful M , Mydlarz Laura D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs scleractinian coral cover declines in the face of increased frequency in disease outbreaks, future reefs may become dominated by octocorals. Understanding octocoral disease responses and consequences is therefore necessary if we are to gain insight into the future of ecosystem services provided by coral reefs. In Florida, populations of the octocoral Eunicea calyculata infected with Eunicea black disease (EBD) were observed in the field in the fall of 2011. This disease was recognized by a stark, black pigmentation caused by heavy melanization. Histological preparations of E. calyculata infected with EBD demonstrated granular amoebocyte (GA) mobilization, melanin granules in much of the GA population, and the presence of fungal hyphae penetrating coral tissue. Previous transcriptomic analysis also identified immune trade-offs evidenced by increased immune investment at the expense of growth. Our investigation utilized proteogenomic techniques to reveal decreased investment in general cell signaling while increasing energy production for immune responses. Inflammation was also prominent in diseased E. calyculata and sheds light on factors driving the extreme phenotype observed with EBD. With disease outbreaks continuing to increase in frequency, our results highlight new targets within the cnidarian immune system and provide a framework for understanding transcriptomics in the context of an organismal disease phenotype and its protein expression.
The Lipman–Zariski Conjecture in Low Genus
Authors: Graf Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe prove the Lipman–Zariski conjecture for complex surface singularities of genus 1 and also for those of genus 2 whose link is not a rational homology sphere. As an application, we characterize complex $2$-tori as the only normal compact complex surfaces whose smooth locus has trivial tangent bundle. We also deduce that all complex-projective surfaces with locally free and generically nef tangent sheaf are smooth, and we classify them.
Proximities of Violence: Civil Order Beyond Governance Institutions
Authors: Phillips Sarah G 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article is concerned with the relationship between the quality of a country's governance institutions and the degree of civil order it experiences. Using evidence from Somaliland, it argues that order and peaceful cohabitation can be sustained not only when, but even partly because, governance institutions are incapable of reliably controlling violence. It suggests that Somaliland's postconflict peace is less grounded in the constraining power of its governance institutions than in a powerful discourse about the country's structural, temporal, and physical proximity to war. Through its sensitivity to the ease with which peace gives way to war, this discourse indirectly harnesses an apparent propensity to disorder as a source of order. This case challenges the “common sense” causal relationship between institutions and order. If either the strength or the weakness of institutions can offer foundations for order, then neither quality can be assigned as its cause without also being its effect. This has important implications beyond Somaliland by suggesting that, if weak institutions can support order under certain discursive conditions, then discourse—which is inherently fluid—also mediates the relationship between robust institutions and order. This makes them more susceptible to rapid change than usually imagined.
FRAND as Access to All versus License to All
Authors: Martinez Juan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the last few decades, standardised cellular technology has experienced an impressive (r)evolution. This is mainly due to the success of open standardisation marked by the commitment of some companies to contribute their best innovative technologies to standards and to make them accessible to all on Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) terms and conditions. Recently, a discussion has emerged on whether such commitment implies that the patent holder has an obligation to license everyone across the supply chain (‘license to all’) or whether he is only obliged to offer everyone access to its standard essential patents through licences with end user devices (‘access to all’). Also discussed is whether a requirement to grant a licence at all levels of the supply chain is legally and practically possible. This paper will analyse the commercial licensing practice in the Information and Communication Technology field, the economic efficiencies of such licensing approaches, as well as the legal and practical implications of each of them.
Human blastocyst outgrowths recapitulate primordial germ cell specification events
Authors: Popovic Mina , Bialecka Monika , Gomes Fernandes Maria , Taelman Jasin , Van Der Jeught Margot , De Sutter Petra , Heindryckx Björn , Chuva De Sousa Lopes Susana M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Our current knowledge of the mechanisms leading to human primordial germ cell (PGC) specification stems solely from differentiation experiments starting from human pluripotent stem cells. However, information regarding the origin of PGCs in vivo remains obscure. Here we apply an improved system for extended in vitro culture of human embryos to investigate the presence of PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) 12 days post fertilization (dpf). Good quality blastocysts (n = 141) were plated at 6 dpf and maintained in hypoxia, in medium supplemented with Activin A until 12 dpf. We primarily reveal that 12 dpf outgrowths recapitulate human peri-implantation events and demonstrate that blastocyst quality significantly impacts both embryo viability at 12 dpf, as well as the presence of POU5F1+ cells within viable outgrowths. Moreover, detailed examination of 12 dpf blastocyst outgrowths revealed a population of POU5F1+, SOX2– and SOX17+ cells that may correspond to PGCLCs, alongside POU5F1+ epiblast-like cells and GATA6+ endoderm-like cells. Our findings suggest that, in human, PGC precursors may become specified within the epiblast and migrate either transiently to the extra-embryonic mesoderm or directly to the dorsal part of the yolk sac endoderm around 12 dpf. This is a descriptive analysis and as such the conclusion that POU5F1+ and SOX17+ cells represent bona fide PGCs can only be considered as preliminary. In the future, other PGC markers may be used to further validate the observed cell populations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the origin of the human germline and may serve as a foundation to further unravel the molecular mechanisms governing PGC specification in human.
Oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol and ethanol by oxidases and dehydrogenases in the digestive gland of gastropods
Authors: Lobo-da-Cunha Alexandre , Amaral-de-Carvalho Diogo , Calado Gonçalo , Costa Vítor 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Alcohol oxidases and dehydrogenases are poorly studied in the Mollusca, the second largest phylum of metazoans. In order to obtain an overview of the distribution of aromatic alcohols and ethanol-oxidizing enzymes in the gastropod phylogenetic tree, we investigated the activity of these enzymes in the digestive gland of 26 gastropod species in the clades Patellogastropoda, Neritimorpha, Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. Marine, freshwater and terrestrial species, as well as herbivores and carnivores, were sampled so that gastropods varying widely in habitat and diet were included in the study. An aromatic alcohol oxidase, which was previously reported in herbivorous terrestrial gastropods, was detected in 25 of the studied species. The activity of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase was detected for the first time in gastropods and this enzyme was found to be present in all the species that were studied. Our study, thus, demonstrates that alcohol oxidases and dehydrogenases are ubiquitous enzymes among gastropods; these enzymes are found across the gastropod phylogenetic tree and across species varying widely in habitat and diet. The enzymes that catalyze the oxidation or dehydrogenation of cinnamyl alcohol must be involved in the metabolism of aromatic alcohols of very different dietary origins and conceivably have a detoxification function. Oxidase or dehydrogenase activities involving ethanol as a substrate were detected only in a few species, mostly those belonging to the Panpulmonata. This suggests that for many gastropods ethanol may not be metabolically relevant.