bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sport Migrations of East African Athletics / Les migrations sportives des athlètes est-africains
Authors: Gaudin Benoît , Teka Solomon , Simyiu Mwanga Samuel 
Published: March 2019

Lesmigrations sportives des athlètes est -africains.
L’objectif de cet article est de décrire la structure et l’organisation sociologique des chaînes migratoires est-africaines de l’athlétisme professionnel et commercial. Comment cette chaîne migratoire prend-elle forme ? Quelles en sont les différentes étapes ? Quels en sont les points de départ, les points finaux et le coeur ? En premier lieu, cet article se veut descriptif, en s’intéressant à différents acteurs sociaux qui participent à chaque étape. Dans la première partie, il présente les «facteurs d’attraction » , les forces d’attraction existant dans les pays d’accueil, principalement mais pas exclusivement en termes de revenus économiques. La deuxième partie décrit les auxiliaires africains de la chaîne migratoire et l’organisation collective qui permettent les migrations. La troisième partie est plus analytique, en dévoilant les dimensions politiques de cette chaîne migratoire, aux niveaux communautaires et ethniques. L’article est basé sur des données collectées au cours d’un long terrain de recherche mené aux deux extrémités de la chaîne migratoire. Les données de première main ont été collectées par le biais d’entretiens auprès des acteurs et des témoins des chaînes migratoires d’athlétisme, ce qui inclut des of ciels et des journalistes, des athlètes actifs ou retraités, des entraîneurs et des agents. Les données de seconde main ont été rassemblées à partir de médias et de sites internet éthiopiens, kényans, européens et nord-américains.
Reconstitution spéléogénique de la grotte de Kanaan (Antélias, Liban). Contribution à la morphogenèse du nahr Antelias
Authors: Nehme Carole , Jabbour-Gedeon Badr , Gerard Pierre-Charles , Sadier Benjamin , Delannoy Jean-Jacques 
Published: March 2019

Cet article a pour objet l'étude spéléogénique de la grotte de Kanaan (Metn, Liban) située en rive gauche de la basse vallée du nahr Antélias au nord-est de Beyrouth. La diversité des morphologies et des remplissages présents dans cette cavité permet de retracer sa genèse et son évolution et, au-delà, de poser des jalons dans l'évolution géomorphologique du rebord occidental du Mont Liban. Ce dernier est recoupé par une série de petits fleuves côtiers, comme les nahr Beyrouth, Antélias, El Khab. Cet article présente les différentes étapes spéléogéniques qui ont pu être extraites de la cartographie géomorphologique. La carte présentée en hors-texte constitue la première carte géomorphologique souterraine d'une caverne libanaise. Les implications géomorphologiques et géologiques issues de la reconstitution spéléogénique sont développées au terme de cet article. Cet article est également l'expression des travaux qui sont actuellement menés sur les cavités libanaises afin de mettre en avant la richesse des informations paléogéographiques et paléoenvironnementales qui y sont contenues. Ces travaux ont permis de mettre en évidence une paléozone noyée karstique liée à un ancien niveau d'enfoncement du nahr Antélias.
Il est intéressant de relever qu'on retrouve, dans la vallée voisine du nahr El Khab au niveau de la grotte de Jeita, une paléozone noyée karstique à une altitude similaire à celle relevée dans la grotte de Kanaan. Les conditions de l'enfoncement postérieur du nahr Antélias jusqu'à son niveau actuel sont discutées.
Les vermiculations de la grotte de Lascaux : identification de sources de matériaux mobilisables par microanalyses physico-chimiques
Authors: Hoerlé Stéphane , Konik Stéphane , Chalmin Emilie 
Published: March 2019

Cet article présente les premiers résultats des analyses physico-chimiques de vermiculations observées dans la grotte de Lascaux. Ce travail a été mené suite à l'observation à l'automne 2009, de «nouvelles » vermiculations à certains emplacements sur des parois de la Salle des Taureaux. Un protocole d'étude, dont l'objectif est de comprendre les mécanismes de formation des vermiculations susceptibles de s'exercer dans la grotte de Lascaux, a été mis en place afin de prévenir tout impact de ce phénomène sur les œuvres pariétales. Rappelons que les vermiculations, très courantes en milieu souterrain, sont des agrégats de particules fines (ici < 10 µm) liées par une matrice.
La caractérisation physico-chimique des agrégats prélevés dans la grotte de Lascaux met en évidence que ceux-ci sont essentiellement des grains de calcite, de quartz, mais aussi d'aluminosilicates variés, d'oxydes (de fer, de manganèse et parfois de titane) et des fibres (naturelles ou synthétiques). Cette composition apparaît directement en relation avec le support et les sources de matériaux proches. Les vermiculations comportent, en outre, une fraction de matière organique importante (environ 5-10 % en masse de matière sèche), dont une partie peut être attribuée à des fibres incorporées et à une activité microbienne. En effet, de nombreux indices d'une telle activité (grains de calcite à faciès caractéristique d'une origine microbienne, filaments, carbone «amorphe ») sont observables dans les agrégats prélevés.
Fantômisation d'une galerie à remplissage fluviatile (Carrière de Gauthier-Wincqz, Soignies, Belgique)
Authors: Quinif Yves , Baele Jean-Marc , Deschuyteneer Doria , Gline Simon 
Published: March 2019

La carrière de Gauthier-Wincqz à Soignies exploite la pierre bleue du Tournaisien supérieur (Formation de Soignies) située sous la Formation de Malon-Fontaine, calcaire micritique à cherts siliceux noirs, par une «carrière-trou » descendant sous la surface piézométrique locale. Cette exploitation a permis la découverte de paléokarsts dont l'essentiel est constitué de fantômes de roche. Un autre type de phénomène a également été mis en évidence, dont celui qui fait l'objet de cette communication : il s'agit d'un ensemble complexe dont la partie principale est constituée de galets roulés, pugilaires, à matrice peu abondante ainsi que de sable.
Cette formation complexe est enchâssée dans la Formation de Malon-Fontaine sous la forme d'une lentille décamétrique par l'intermédiaire d'une partie fantômisée in situ. La nature lithologique des galets prouve qu'ils proviennent des roches du socle du Cambrien-Ordovicien-Silurien du Massif du Brabant, dont les affleurements sont situés à quelques kilomètres au nord. Ce type de phénomènes karstiques se retrouve à d'autres endroits de la carrière et à d'autres altitudes, sous la forme de galeries en «trou de serrure ». La nature du remplissage de ces galeries conduit à suggérer une circulation à haute énergie en provenance du massif du Brabant et traversant le massif calcaire par la voie souterraine. Ces circulations n'ont pu se faire qu'à une époque où le relief de la région était encore vigoureux. Des études connexes conduisent à situer cette période au Crétacé inférieur. Ensuite, lors d'une phase où un aplanissement de la région était réalisé, une fantômisation s'est déroulée, affectant à la fois l'encaissant sous la forme des fantômes de roche connus dans la région et les galeries à remplissage de galets. Ce phénomène témoigne ainsi d'une succession de phénomènes karstiques, de nature différente, se déroulant dans des paléogéomorphologies contrastées qui induisent des types différents de karstification.
Nouvelle piste de recherche à la grotte de Nkwei (Cameroun)
Authors: Testa Olivier 
Published: March 2019

New research focus at Nkwei cave (Cameroon).
New caves have been identified in the volcanic area of Mount Bambouto (West Cameroon) following a systematic prospection, and their study has begun now. The Nkwei cave in the Fongo Tongo district opens at the base of a trachytic lava flow. It presents a guano deposit. The analysis of a bat guano drillcore may give new insights into this archeaologically rich area.
Le paradigme néolibéral de la connaissance
Authors: Laval Christian 
Published: March 2019

In the neoliberal conception, knowledge must be considered as a scarce economic good, which has a cost and produces a return.
This new dominant paradigm legitimates and guides the global remaking of School and of scientific research institutions.
Knowledge is subjected to a three-way reduction to the fields of technology, of information and of financial capital.
This new paradigm is opposed by strong objection in so far as knowledge can't be simply reduced to the three aforementioned elements (technology, information and capital).
On the role of conjunction in adjective ordering preferences
Authors: Rosales Cesar Manuel , Scontras Gregory 
Published: March 2019

Adjective ordering preferences are robustly attested in English and many unrelated languages. In nominals with multi-adjective strings (e.g., big blue box), chances are the order of the adjectives is non-arbitrary. However, ordering preferences are claimed to neutralize in cases where multi-adjective strings are formed via conjunction (e.g., blue and big box). We provide empirical evidence in support of this claim, but with an important caveat: conjunction neutralizes adjective ordering preferences in languages like Spanish where multi-adjective strings obligatorily feature conjunction. In English, where multi-adjective strings optionally feature conjunction, ordering preferences persist in the presence of conjunction.
Radio Variability from a Quiescent Stellar-mass Black Hole Jet
Authors: Plotkin R. M. , Miller-Jones J. C. A. , Chomiuk L. , Strader J. , Bruzewski S. , Bundas A. , Smith K. R. , Ruan J. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Relativistic outflows are believed to be a common feature of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) at the lowest accretion rates, when they are in their “quiescent” spectral state. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of how quiescent jet emission varies with time. Here we present 24 yr of archival radio observations (from the Very Large Array and the Very Long Baseline Array) of the BHXB V404 Cygni in quiescence (totaling 150 observations from 1.4 to 22 GHz). The observed flux densities follow lognormal distributions with means and standard deviations of

and

at 4.9 and 8.4 GHz, respectively (where f

ν
is the flux density in units of mJy). As expected, the average radio spectrum is flat with a mean and standard deviation of

, where

. We find that radio flares that increase the flux density by factors of 2–4 over timescales as short as <10 minutes are commonplace, and that long-term variations (over 10–4000 day timescales) are consistent with shot-noise impulses that decay to stochastic variations on timescales ≲10 days (and perhaps as short as tens of minutes to several hr). We briefly compare the variability characteristics of V404 Cygni to jetted active galactic nuclei, and we conclude with recommendations on how to account for variability when placing quiescent BHXB candidates with radio luminosities comparable to V404 Cygni (L
R ≈ 1028 erg s−1) onto the radio/X-ray luminosity plane.
Effective Geometry of the Bardeen Spacetimes: Gravitational Lensing and Frequency Mapping of Keplerian Disks
Authors: Schee Jan , Stuchlík Zdeněk 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We study the appearance of Keplerian accretion disks in order to demonstrate the influence of the nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) on the gravitational lensing and frequency shifting of the images of the Keplerian disks. We focus our attention on the Bardeen black hole backgrounds with magnetic charges that could be considered to be acceptable solutions for the Einstein gravitational equations combined with those representing an NED. Photons governing the appearance of the Keplerian disks follow null geodesics of the effective geometry related to the Bardeen spacetime. We compare the appearance governed by the effective geometry to those governed by the spacetime geometry itself, and to the appearance of Keplerian disks orbiting a related Reissner–Nordstrom black hole spacetime. We demonstrate a clear and very strong difference between the disk images determined by the effective geometry and the others, both in the shape and (especially) in the frequency mapping where it exhibits a difference of three orders.
Probing Time-dependent Dark Energy with the Flux Power Spectrum of the Lyα Forest
Authors: Coughlin Jared W. , Mathews Grant J. , Phillips Lara Arielle , Snedden Ali P. , Suh In-Saeng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present new simulations of the flux power spectrum of the Lyα forest as a means to investigate the effects of time-dependent dark energy on structure formation. We use a linearized parameterization of the time-dependence of the dark energy equation of state and sample the parameters (w
0, w

a
) from the extrema of the allowed observational values as determined by the Planck results. Each chosen (w
0, w

a
) pair is then used in a high-resolution, large-scale cosmological simulation run with a modified version of the publicly available SPH code GADGET-2. From each of these simulations we extract synthetic Lyα forest spectra and calculate the flux power spectrum. We use the k-sample Anderson–Darling test to analyze the effects of dark energy on the Lyα forest. We compare each dark energy power spectrum to that due to a cosmological constant power spectrum. We find, however, that there is only a marginal effect of the choice of allowed dark energy models on the flux power spectrum.
Rethinking CO Antibiosignatures in the Search for Life Beyond the Solar System
Authors: Schwieterman Edward W. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Olson Stephanie L. , Ozaki Kazumi , Harman Chester E. , Hong Peng K. , Lyons Timothy W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Some atmospheric gases have been proposed as counter indicators to the presence of life on an exoplanet if remotely detectable at sufficient abundance (i.e., antibiosignatures), informing the search for biosignatures and potentially fingerprinting uninhabited habitats. However, the quantitative extent to which putative antibiosignatures could exist in the atmospheres of inhabited planets is not well understood. The most commonly referenced potential antibiosignature is CO, because it represents a source of free energy and reduced carbon that is readily exploited by life on Earth and is thus often assumed to accumulate only in the absence of life. Yet, biospheres actively produce CO through biomass burning, photooxidation processes, and release of gases that are photochemically converted into CO in the atmosphere. We demonstrate with a 1D ecosphere-atmosphere model that reducing biospheres can maintain CO levels of ∼100 ppmv even at low H2 fluxes due to the impact of hybrid photosynthetic ecosystems. Additionally, we show that photochemistry around M dwarf stars is particularly favorable for the buildup of CO, with plausible concentrations for inhabited, oxygen-rich planets extending from hundreds of ppm to several percent. Since CH4 buildup is also favored on these worlds, and because O2 and O3 are likely not detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope, the presence of high CO (>100 ppmv) may discriminate between oxygen-rich and reducing biospheres with near-future transmission observations. These results suggest that spectroscopic detection of CO can be compatible with the presence of life and that a comprehensive contextual assessment is required to validate the significance of potential antibiosignatures.
The r-process with the Newly Developed High-precision Mass Model WS4
Authors: Zhao 赵 B. 斌 , Zhang 张双 S. Q. 全 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The influence of the new mass model Weizsäcker–Skyrme 4 (WS4) on the r-process abundance distribution is investigated using the site-independent classical r-process and the site-dependent dynamical r-process models. The dynamical r-process calculations are performed under the neutrino-driven wind scenario. In comparison with the finite-range droplet model (FRDM) often used in r-process calculations, better agreement between the calculated abundance and the observed solar r-process abundance is found in both the classical and dynamical calculations by using the mass model WS4. The abundance underestimations at the A ∼ 115, 140, and 200 mass regions encountered with the calculations using the FRDM is overcome to a large extent by using WS4.
Inferred Evidence for Dark Matter Kinematic Substructure with SDSS–Gaia
Authors: Necib Lina , Lisanti Mariangela , Belokurov Vasily 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We use the distribution of accreted stars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey–Gaia DR2 to demonstrate that a nontrivial fraction of the dark matter halo within galactocentric radii of 7.5–10 kpc and

is in substructure and thus may not be in equilibrium. Using a mixture likelihood analysis, we separate the contributions of an old, isotropic stellar halo and a younger anisotropic population. The latter dominates and is uniform within the region studied. It can be explained as the tidal debris of a disrupted massive satellite on a highly radial orbit and is consistent with mounting evidence from recent studies. Simulations that track the tidal debris from such mergers find that the dark matter traces the kinematics of its stellar counterpart. If so, our results indicate that a component of the nearby dark matter halo that is sourced by luminous satellites is in kinematic substructure referred to as debris flow. These results challenge the Standard Halo Model, which is discrepant with the distribution recovered from the stellar data, and have important ramifications for the interpretation of direct detection experiments.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Guidelines on the Treatment of Osteoporosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Malochet-Guinamand Sandrine , Lambert Céline , Gossec Laure , Soubrier Martin , Dougados Maxime 
Published: March 2019

Objective.To assess whether the 2003 and 2014 French guidelines on the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and the 2012 update of the French guidelines for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) were applied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 776 patients with RA (19 centers). We collected the data required for the application of the various recommendations (age, sex, prednisone intake, low-energy fracture, history in the immediate family of hip fractures, and bone densitometry), anti-osteoporotic drugs, and the various factors that may be associated with the application of the recommendations.Results.Of the patients who should have received antiosteoporosis treatment, there were 22.6% actually treated (according to the 2014 guidelines), 27.3% actually treated according to the 2003 guidelines, and of postmenopausal women, 23.6% (according to the 2012 PMOP guidelines). Applying the 2014 GIOP guidelines increased the theoretical number of patients requiring treatment relative to the 2003 GIOP guidelines (77% vs 53%; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, being treated was associated with a spinal T score ≤ −2 SD according to the 2014 guidelines; with not taking part in physical activity for more than 30 min a day according to the 2003 guidelines; and with older age, lower body mass index, and a T score ≤ −2.5 SD in at least 1 site according to the PMOP guidelines.Conclusion.Patients with RA had inadequate prevention of GIOP and PMOP. The management of osteoporosis needs to be improved in this population.
Identifying Rheumatoid Arthritis Cases within the Quebec Health Administrative Database
Authors: Slim Zeinab F. , Soares de Moura Cristiano , Bernatsky Sasha , Rahme Elham 
Published: March 2019

Objective.Our objective was to calculate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) point prevalence estimates in the CARTaGENE cohort, as well as to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of our ascertainment approach, using physician billing data. We investigated the effects of using varying observation windows in the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) health services administrative databases, alone or in combination with self-reported diagnoses and drugs.Methods.We studied subjects enrolled in the CARTaGENE cohort, which recruited 19,995 participants from 4 metropolitan regions in Québec from August 2009 to October 2010. A series of Bayesian latent class models were developed to assess the effects of 3 factors: the number of years of billing data, the addition of self-reported information on RA diagnoses and drugs, and the adjustment for misclassification error.Results.The 3-year 2010 point prevalence estimate among cohort members aged 40–69 years, using physician billing plus self-report, adjusting for misclassification error in each source, was 0.9% [95% credible interval (CrI) 0.7–1.2] with RAMQ sensitivity of 84.0% (95% CrI 74.0–93.7) and a specificity of 99.8% (95% CrI 99.6–100.0). Our results show variations in the prevalence point estimates related to all 3 factors investigated.Conclusion.Our study illustrates that multiple data sources identify more RA cases and thus a higher prevalence estimate. RA point prevalence estimates using billing data are lower if fewer years of data are used.
Factors Associated with Relapse and Dependence on Glucocorticoids in Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Dumont Anael , Parienti Jean-Jacques , Delmas Claire , Boutemy Jonathan , Maigné Gwénola , Martin Silva Nicolas , Sultan Audrey , Planchard Gaétane , Aouba Achille , de Boysson Hubert 
Published: March 2019

Objective.To identify characteristics and factors associated with relapse and glucocorticoid (GC) dependence in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods.We retrospectively analyzed 326 consecutive patients with GCA followed for at least 12 months. Factors associated with relapse and GC dependence were identified in multivariable analyses.Results.The 326 patients (73% women) were followed up for 62 (12–262) months. During followup, 171 (52%) patients relapsed, including 113 (35%) who developed GC dependence. Relapsing patients had less history of stroke (p = 0.01) and presented large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) more frequently on imaging (p = 0.01) than patients without relapse. During the first months, therapeutic strategy did not differ among relapsing and nonrelapsing patients. GC-dependent patients were less likely to have a history of stroke (p = 0.004) and presented LVV on imaging more frequently (p = 0.005) than patients without GC-dependent disease. In multivariable analyses, LVV was an independent predictive factor of relapse (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.002–2.12; p = 0.04) and GC dependence (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.19–4.05; p = 0.01). Conversely, stroke was a protective factor against relapse (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.03–0.68; p = 0.005) and GC-dependent disease (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.001–0.31; p = 0.0005). Patients with a GC-dependent disease who received a GC-sparing agent had a shorter GC treatment duration than those without (p = 0.008).Conclusion.In this study, LVV was an independent predictor of relapse and GC dependence. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether patients with LVV require a different treatment approach.