bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing Boundaries
Authors: Solomon Mildred Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractI met Dan Callahan in 1986—when I came to pitch him. Coming from a sleek office setting near Boston, I was intrigued by The Hastings Center's higgledy‐piggledy environment where so many smart people got to work in a relaxed, inviting atmosphere. I had noticed that the Center was producing a great deal of policy work on a wide range of topics but didn't seem to go further than publishing the highly valuable guidance developed under Dan Callahan's leadership. I ended my pitch, “Look, Dan, where Hastings gets bored and wants to go on to the next topic, my group in Boston gets interested.” To my great pleasure, and despite his skepticism, Dan accepted the pitch.Beyond his generous responsiveness to unproven young people, Dan had many other virtues. For one, he was a boundary crosser.
Human‐Animal Chimeras: The Moral Insignificance of Uniquely Human Capacities
Authors: Koplin Julian J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman‐animal chimeras—creatures composed of a mix of animal and human cells—have come to play an important role in biomedical research, and they raise ethical questions. This article focuses on one particularly difficult set of questions—those related to the moral status of human‐animal chimeras with brains that are partly or wholly composed of human cells. Given the uncertain effects of human‐animal chimera research on chimeric animals’ cognition, it would be prudent to ensure we do not overlook or underestimate their moral status. However, to assess moral status, we first need to determine what kinds of capacities are morally relevant. The standard view holds that it matters, morally, if chimeric animals develop uniquely human cognitive capacities. I argue that this view is mistaken, highlighting three problems with it: that we can think of examples of uniquely human cognitive capacities that are not morally significant, that we can think of examples of morally significant cognitive capacities that are not uniquely human, and that evidence that some cognitive capacity is shared with nonhuman animals does not undermine claims that this capacity is morally significant. We need a better framework for thinking about the moral status of part‐human beings.
Ternary polymer nanocomposites with concurrently enhanced dielectric constant and breakdown strength for high‐temperature electrostatic capacitors
Authors: Li He , Ren Lulu , Ai Ding , Han Zhubing , Liu Yang , Yao Bin , Wang Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe exploration of high‐energy‐density electrostatic capacitors capable of operating both efficiently and reliably at elevated temperatures is of great significance in order to meet advanced power electronic applications. The energy density of a capacitor is strongly dependent on dielectric constant and breakdown strength of a dielectric material. Here, we demonstrate a class of solution‐processable polymer nanocomposites exhibiting a concurrent improvement in dielectric constant and breakdown strength, which typically show a negative correlation in conventional dielectric materials, along with a reduction in dielectric loss. The excellent performance is enabled by the elegant combination of nanostructured barium titanate and boron nitride fillers with complementary functionalities. The ternary polymer nanocomposite with the optimized filler compositions delivers a discharged energy density of 2.92 J cm−3 and a Weibull breakdown strength of 547 MV m−1 at 150°C, which are 83% and 25%, respectively, greater than those of the pristine polymer. The conduction behaviors including interfacial barrier and carrier transport process have been investigated to rationalize the energy storage performance of ternary polymer nanocomposite. This contribution provides a new design paradigm for scalable high‐temperature polymer film capacitors.image
Genetic Dissection of Femoral and Tibial Microarchitecture
Authors: Lu Lu , Huang Jinsong , Xu Fuyi , Xiao Zhousheng , Wang Jing , Zhang Bing , David Nicolae Valentin , Arends Danny , Gu Weikuan , Ackert‐Bicknell Cheryl , Sabik Olivia L , Farber Charles R , Quarles Leigh Darryl , Williams Robert W 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTOur understanding of the genetic control of bone strength has relied mainly on estimates of bone mineral density. Here we have mapped genetic factors that influence femoral and tibial microarchitecture using high‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography (8‐μm isotropic voxels) across a family of 61 BXD strains of mice, roughly 10 isogenic cases per strain and balanced by sex. We computed heritabilities for 25 cortical and trabecular traits. Males and females have well‐matched heritabilities, ranging from 0.25 to 0.75. We mapped 16 genetic loci most of which were detected only in females. There is also a bias in favor of loci that control cortical rather than trabecular bone. To evaluate candidate genes, we combined well‐established gene ontologies with bone transcriptome data to compute bone‐enrichment scores for all protein‐coding genes. We aligned candidates with those of human genome‐wide association studies. A subset of 50 strong candidates fell into three categories: (1) experimentally validated genes already known to modulate bone function (Adamts4, Ddr2, Darc, Adam12, Fkbp10, E2f6, Adam17, Grem2, Ifi204); (2) candidates without any experimentally validated function in bone (eg, Greb1, Ifi202b), but linked to skeletal phenotypes in human cohorts; and (3) candidates that have high bone‐enrichment scores, but for which there is not yet any functional link to bone biology or skeletal system disease (including Ifi202b, Ly9, Ifi205, Mgmt, F2rl1, Iqgap2). Our results highlight contrasting genetic architecture between sexes and among major bone compartments. The alignment of murine and human data facilitates function analysis and should prove of value for preclinical testing of molecular control of bone structure. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Novel red mud/polyacrylic composites synthesized from red mud and its performance on cadmium removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Jing , Xie Yan , Li Chen , Fang Guantao , Chen Qianlin , Ao Xianquan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed mud (RM) is a solid waste generated by the aluminum industry and has demonstrated promising physical adsorption properties for cadmium (Cd) due to its relatively large surface area. To improve the chemisorption performance of RM for Cd(II) ions, a new method utilizing in situ graft polymerization in a reversed‐phase suspension system is proposed, and red mud/polyacrylic acid (RM/PAA) composites were synthesized for the first time.RESULTSThe RM/PAA composites were used to adsorb Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Batch equilibrium measurements of RM/PAA were carried out to optimize the parameters. The characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photon spectroscopy. The maximum adsorption capacity of RM/PAA reached 96.15 mg g−1, which was much higher than that of the RM (21.70). The Cd(II) adsorption rate increased with increasing solution temperature and followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating that the adsorption followed the monolayer adsorption model. The thermodynamic parameter values suggested that endothermic and spontaneous adsorption occurred. The surface of RM/PAA possesses abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups, and because the specific surface area of the RM/PAA decreased and the amount of adsorption increased compared with those of RM, the surface groups contribute more to Cd(II) retention. Physical adsorption, ion exchange and chelation were possibly the predominant adsorption mechanisms.CONCLUSIONThus, the RM/PAA composites produced from RM are considered effective and low‐cost adsorbents for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. This study is of great significance for waste utilization and environmental protection. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of chitosan‐based molecularly imprinted material for enantioseparation of racemic mandelic acid in aqueous medium by solid phase extraction
Authors: Xiao Xudong , Li Zhenqun , Liu Ya , Jia Li 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin was synthesized by cross‐linking chitosan with glutaraldehyde in 2% acetic acid solution. S‐Mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin was used to enantioselectively separate racemic mandelic acid in aqueous medium. When keeping the pH of sample solution (100 mM Tris‐H3PO4) at 3.5 and adsorption time at 40 min, the enantiomer excess of mandelic acid in supernatant was 78.8%. The adsorption capacities of S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin for S‐ and R‐mandelic acid were determined to be 29.5 and 2.03 mg/g, respectively. While the adsorption capacities of non‐imprinted cross‐linked chitosan for S‐ and R‐mandelic acid were 2.10 and 2.08 mg/g, respectively. The result suggests that the imprinted caves in S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin are highly matched with S‐mandelic acid molecule in space structure and spatial arrangement of action sites. Interestingly, the enantiomer excess value of mandelic acid in supernatant after adsorption of racemic mandelic acid by R‐mandelic acid imprinted cross‐linked chitosan was 25.4%. The higher enantiomer excess value by S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin suggests that the chiral carbons in chitosan and the imprinted caves in S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin combine to play roles for the enantioselectivity of S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin toward S‐mandelic acid. Furthermore, the excellent enantioselectivity of S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin toward S‐mandelic acid demonstrates that using chiral chitosan as functional monomer to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers has great potential in enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals.
The first case of NEUROD1‐MODY reported in Latin America
Authors: Abreu Gabriella de Medeiros , Tarantino Roberta Magalhães , Cabello Pedro Hernan , Zembrzuski Verônica Marques , da Fonseca Ana Carolina Proença , Rodacki Melanie , Zajdenverg Lenita , Campos Junior Mário 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMODY‐NEUROD1 is a rare form of monogenic diabetes caused by mutations in Neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1). Until now, only a few cases of MODY‐NEUROD1 have been reported worldwide and the real contribution of mutations in NEUROD1 in monogenic diabetes and its clinical impact remain unclear.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 25 unrelated Brazilians patients with clinical characteristics suggestive of monogenic diabetes and the screening of the entire coding region of NEUROD1 was performed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe identified one novel frameshift deletion (p.Phe256Leufs*2) in NEUROD1 segregating in an autosomal dominant inheritance fashion. Almost 20 years after the first report of NEUROD1‐MODY, only a few families in Europe and Asia had shown mutations in NEUROD1 as the cause of monogenic diabetes.ConclusionTo our knowledge, we described the first case of NEUROD1‐MODY in a Latin American family.
Differentially fed, dual‐band filtering antenna with H‐shaped slot
Authors: Li Yapeng , Zhao Zhipeng , Tang Zhaoyang , Yin Yingzeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA differentially fed, dual‐band microstrip patch antenna with filtering response is proposed in this letter. By etching an H‐shaped slot at a rectangle radiating patch, two resonant modes of the patch antenna, as well as an additional radiation null between the two operation bands are generated. Besides, two symmetric open‐stub coupling feedlines (OSCFs) are introduced to differentially excite the antenna, which offer two extra radiation nulls outside the two bands. Thus, a dual‐band bandpass filtering response for the proposed antenna is obtained. Measurement results of the prototype show good agreement with the simulated ones. Stable radiation patterns with low cross‐polarization levels of better than 28 dB are observed. Besides, a deep roll‐off of better than 22 dBi for the realized gain is also obtained.
Real‐time multi‐directional flow MRI using model‐based reconstructions of undersampled radial FLASH – A feasibility study
Authors: Kollmeier Jost M. , Tan Zhengguo , Joseph Arun A. , Kalentev Oleksandr , Voit Dirk , Merboldt K. Dietmar , Frahm Jens 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this work was to develop an acquisition and reconstruction technique for two‐ and three‐directional (2d and 3d) phase‐contrast flow MRI in real time. A previous real‐time MRI technique for one‐directional (1d) through‐plane flow was extended to 2d and 3d flow MRI by introducing in‐plane flow sensitivity. The method employs highly undersampled radial FLASH sequences with sequential acquisitions of two or three flow‐encoding datasets and one flow‐compensated dataset. Echo times are minimized by merging the waveforms of flow‐encoding and radial imaging gradients. For each velocity direction individually, model‐based reconstructions by regularized nonlinear inversion jointly estimate an anatomical image, a set of coil sensitivities and a phase‐contrast velocity map directly. The reconstructions take advantage of a dynamic phase reference obtained by interpolating consecutive flow‐compensated acquisitions. Validations include pulsatile flow phantoms as well as in vivo studies of the human aorta at 3 T. The proposed method offers cross‐sectional 2d and 3d flow MRI of the human aortic arch at 53 and 67 ms resolution, respectively, without ECG synchronization and during free breathing. The in‐plane resolution was 1.5 × 1.5 mm2 and the slice thickness 6 mm. In conclusion, real‐time multi‐directional flow MRI offers new opportunities to study complex human blood flow without the risk of combining differential phase (i.e., velocity) information from multiple heartbeats as for ECG‐gated data. The method would benefit from a further reduction of acquisition time and accelerated computing to allow for extended clinical trials.
Identification of New Peptide Biomarkers for Bacterial Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Ma Yating , Wen Xinyu , Kong Yi , Chen Chen , Yang Ming , He Shang , Wang Jianan , Wang Chengbin 
Published: October 2019

PurposeDue to a lack of effective early diagnostic measures, new diagnostic methods for bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are urgently needed. A protein–peptide profiling approach can be used to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers of BSIs.Experimental designIn this study, MALDI‐TOF MS and nano‐LC/ESI‐MS/MS are used to analyze serum peptides. In addition, GO and network analyses are conducted as a means of analyzing these potential protein markers. Finally, the potential biomarkers are verified in independent clinical samples via ELISA.Resultsm/z 1533.8, 2794.3, 3597.3, 5007.3, and 7816.7 reveal an identical trend; the intensity of m/z 1533.8, 2794.3, and 3597.3 are higher in the infection group relative to controls, whereas the intensity of m/z 5007.3 and 7816.7 are lower in the infection group. Four peaks are successfully identified including ITIH4, KNG1, SAA2, and C3. GO and network analyses find these proteins to form an interaction network, which may be correlated with BSI. ELISA results indicate that ITIH4, KNG1, and SAA2 are effective in differentiating infected from normal control group and the febrile group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese biomarkers have the potential to offer new insights into the signaling networks underlying the development and progression of BSI.
Polymer‐based activatable optical probes for tumor fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Zhen Xu , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOptical imaging including fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging have been widely employed in early and accurate diagnosis of cancer. Compared to the “always on” optical probes, the molecular probes that could emit their signal in response to the tumor microenvironment exhibit the low background noise and high signal‐to‐background ratio, allowing sensitive and accurate cancer diagnosis. Polymer‐based activatable optical probes display the advantages of improved water solubility, good photostability, extended blood circulation time, and easy functionalization, which enable them to accumulate in tumor for early and accurate diagnosis. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of polymer‐based activatable optical probes for tumor fluorescence and PA imaging. The designs of polymer‐based optical probes are first discussed. Then the applications for tumor fluorescence and PA imaging using pH, hypoxia, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and enzymes responsive polymer‐based optical probes are discussed in details. At last, the present challenges and perspectives of polymer‐based activatable optical probes to further advance them into the clinical application are also suggested.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Introduction
Authors: Glorius Birgit , Doomernik Jeroen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince at least the summer of 2015, refugee migration to Europe has been a topical issue in academic, political and public debates. While European meta-discourses often link to security issues, border security and problems with “burden sharing”, which are reflected at the state level and expanded by questions of social policies and so forth, the local level is largely neglected. This volume aims to show the development of “the refugee crisis” and reception processes, and the repercussions of this “crisis” for policy development and public discourses at the level of European localities. It brings together a selection of fresh empirical research on reception processes and the development of structures, practices and discourses at the local level throughout Europe.Tthe volume shows the varieties of refugee reception and integration strategies and practices, taking into account the geographical, historical and political contexts of the specific case study regions. By also including perceptions of the local public and how these translate into policy development, it contributes to the nexus between migration/integration of refugees on the one hand and societal development and political culture on the other. Through highlighting examples of experimental governance and multi-sectoral approaches, we point to the role of localities in shaping innovative policies, but we also highlight the effects of tightening national (or supra-national) policies on specific places and localities, and on the inhabitants of those places.
Local Innovation in the Reception of Asylum Seekers in the Netherlands: Plan Einstein as an Example of Multi-level and Multi-sector Collaboration
Authors: Geuijen Karin , Oliver Caroline , Dekker Rianne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAsylum seeker reception has proved something of a ‘wicked issue’, resulting in an impasse in decision-making at national and European levels, and ‘scale mismatch’ with local contexts where the problem manifests. The 2015–2016 refugee crisis provoked an opportunity for experimentation at the local level in European cities. This chapter provides an example of one such experiment: the Utrecht Refugee Launchpad, or ‘Plan Einstein’ as it is known locally, a new concept of asylum seeker reception and integration. It offered ‘futureproof’ skills development for asylum seekers and simultaneous benefits for local people from the neighbourhood through living and learning together. We discuss how the concept aimed to respond to existing challenges, how it adapted in practice and why the innovation was able to prosper at this specific moment. In particular, the chapter shows how through the development of multi-sector and multi-level alliances, the project was made appealing to different constituents for different reasons. The chapter also shows how the experiment resulted in the initiators manoeuvring within different political contexts and constraints locally and nationally. In this way, it did not challenge outright the existing structures through decoupling from the national level, but negotiated within these, to bring the concept into being.
Conclusion
Authors: Doomernik Jeroen , Glorius Birgit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBy synthesizing the preceding case studies this chapter discusses the main contours of the variegated landscape of refugee reception in Europe in the wake of the 2015 “refugee crisis”. Following this inventory we aim to gain an appreciation of the many knowledge gaps that still remain. What are the empirical wholes that could be meaningfully filled, and what are the theoretical challenges? We suggest that much can still be learned from studying local refugee governance, not only by comparing local experiences and outcomes but also by using the local lens to look up to higher levels of governance and thus better understand vertical relationships. Lastly, we also address some policy implications and, among other things, argue that by means of “experimentalist governance” the local level could gain in importance within the Common European Asylum System making it more robust and effective.
Wheat bread enriched with raspberry and strawberry oilcakes: effects on proximate composition, texture and water properties
Authors: Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Walkowiak Katarzyna , Masewicz Łukasz , Duda Adamina , Poliszko Natalia , Różańska Maria Barbara , Jeżowski Paweł , Tomkowiak Agnieszka , Mildner-Szkudlarz Sylwia , Baranowska Hanna Maria 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oilcakes from the oilseed industry are rich in dietary fibre and protein by-products. We assessed the impact of wheat flour replacement with raspberry and strawberry oilcakes on the proximate composition of bread, colour, texture and water behaviour. The substitution influenced the ash, fat and protein content causing an increase in the content of each of the analysed macronutrients. The crumb colour components (CIE L*a*b*) were shifted toward red while the saturation of yellow decreased. Texture analysis showed that the hardness and chewiness of crumb with oilcakes increased as well as springiness decreased. It was found that flour substitution with oilcakes limited significantly water transport and also influenced the molecular dynamics of water in the bread crumb. 1H NMR measurement results of relaxation times demonstrated that the free water in relation to the bound water in the examined systems depended on the amount of the flour replaced by the oilcake, as well as on the botanical origin of the oilcakes.