bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
АЛЛОХТОННОЕ И АВТОХТОННОЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ ВЕЩЕСТВО ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОД: КИНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ, КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ И КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ СОСТАВЫ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Лозовик П.А. , Зобкова М. В. , Рыжаков А. В. , Зобков М. Б. , Ефремова Т. А. , Сабылина А. В. , Ефремова Т.В. 
Published: September 2018

Используя адсорбцию органического вещества (ОВ) на ДЭАЭ-целлюлозе в динамическом режиме, авторы разделили ОВ на автохтонное и аллохтонное. На основании опытов по кинетике БПК и разделения ОВ на его составляющие впервые установлены кинетические параметры трансформации автохтонного и аллохтонного ОВ (kaвт - 0,013, kалл - 0,0013 сут-1 при t = 20 °C). По уравнению Аррениуса определены активационные параметры трансформации автохтонного (DH# = 75,6 кДж/моль, DS# = -116,5 Дж/мольК, DG# = 108,3 кДж/моль) и аллохтонного ОВ (DH# = 66,1 кДж/моль, DS# = -149,1 Дж/мольК, DG# = 108,0 кДж/моль).
ДЕТЕКЦИЯ НАНОАЛМАЗОВ В БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОБРАЗЦАХ МЕТОДОМ ЭПР-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИИ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Инжеваткин Е.В. , Барон А.В. , Максимов Н.Г. , Волкова М. Б. , Пузырь А.П. , Бондарь В.С. 
Published: September 2018

В модельных экспериментах in vitro установлена применимость метода ЭПР-спектрометрии для детекции модифицированных наноалмазов (МНА) в крови и гомогенатах органов мышей. В образцах биоматериалов, содержащих МНА, зарегистрировали характерный сигнал (g = 2,003, H 10 Гс), интенсивность которого линейно возрастала с ростом концентрации наночастиц в диапазоне 1,6-200 мкг МНА на 1 мл образца. Методом ЭПР в биоматериалах выявили наличие собственных парамагнитных центров, сигналы которых накладывались на сигнал МНА. Интенсивность этих сигналов была незначительной, что позволило регистрировать МНА методом ЭПР-спектрометрии с необходимой точностью. Полученные результаты открывают перспективы для использования метода ЭПР в исследованиях фармакокинетики и фармакодинамики МНА в организме экспериментальных животных.
ЭКСПРЕССИЯ КОМПОНЕНТОВ СЕРОТОНИНЕРГИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В?РАЗВИВАЮЩЕМСЯ ТИМУСЕ КРЫС, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Лифанцева Н.В. , Конеева Ц.О. , Воронежская Е.Е. , Мельникова В.И. 
Published: September 2018

В развивающемся тимусе плодов крыс присутствуют все компоненты серотонинергической системы - рецепторы, ферменты синтеза и мембранные транспортёры. Экспрессия рецепторов свидетельствует о возможности прямого влияния серотонина на развитие тимуса. Наличие триптофангидроксилазы (ключевого фермента, лимитирующего скорость синтеза серотонина) и декарбоксилазы доказывает способность клеток эмбрионального тимуса синтезировать серотонин. Показали, что клетки формирующегося тимуса способны активно захватывать внеклеточные моноамины. Полученные данные позволили предположить наличие разных функций внутритимического и циркулирующего пулов серотонина в регуляции развития тимуса.
НОВЫЕ КОНЪЮГАТЫ ТАКРИНА С ПРОИЗВОДНЫМИ 1,2,4-ТИАДИАЗОЛА - ВЫСОКОЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ ИНГИБИТОРЫ ХОЛИНЭСТЕРАЗ, БЛОКАТОРЫ NMDA-РЕЦЕПТОРОВ И АНТИОКСИДАНТЫ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Махаева Г.Ф. , Ковалева Н.В. , Григорьев В.В. , Прошин А.Н. , Рудакова Е.В. , Болтнева Н.П. , Серков И.В. , Бачурин С.О. 
Published: September 2018

Впервые синтезировали конъюгаты такрина с производными 1,2,4-тиадиазола, исследовали их эстеразный профиль, действие на ключевые сайты связывания NMDA-рецептора и антиоксидантную активность. Полученные соединения эффективно ингибировали холинэстеразы с преимущественным действием на бутирилхолинэстеразу, блокировали одновременно два сайта связывания NMDA-рецепторов (аллостерический и внутриканальный сайты) и обладали высокой радикалсвязывающей способностью. Наше исследование показывает перспективность полученных соединений для создания на их основе препаратов для лечения болезни Альцгеймера и ряда других мультифакторных нейродегенеративных заболеваний.
P
yrinomonadaceae
Authors: Pascual Javier , Huber Katharina J. , Overmann Jörg 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Py.ri.no.mo.na.da.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Pyrinomonas
, type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Pyrinomonadaceae
, the
Pyrinomonas
family.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Pyrinomonadaceae

The
Pyrinomonadaceae
are delineated from other taxa based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The family is a member of the order
Blastocatellales
within the class
Blastocatellia
(formerly: subdivision 4
Acidobacteria
). Cells are ovoid or rod shaped, divide by binary fission, and stain Gram‐negative. Cells are nonmotile and form neither spores nor capsules. Aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs, unable to grow phototrophically, and unable to reduce nitrate or ferment glucose. Cytochrome
c
oxidase and catalase activities are variable. Mesophiles or thermophiles, which are adapted to a broad range of pH values.
Pyrinomonadaceae
utilize a limited number of growth substrates with a preference for complex proteinaceous compounds. The ability to hydrolyze polymers is variable among species. All genera of the
Pyrinomonadaceae
contain phosphatidylethanolamine and MK‐8 as major polar lipid and respiratory quinone, respectively. Some representatives also contain minor amounts of MK‐7. Iso‐C
15
:0
is the major fatty acid. Other major fatty acids are variable among the genera. After direct acid hydrolysis of biomass, 13,16‐dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso‐diabolic acid) and its monoalkyl glycerol ether derivatives are detected in all members tested to date. The DNA G + C content ranges from 54.7 to 66.9 mol%. Members of the family
Pyrinomonadaceae
have been isolated from semiarid savannah and volcanic soils.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 54.7–66.9.

Type genus
:
Pyrinomonas
Crowe, Power, Morgan, Dunfield, Lagutin, Rijpstra, Vyssotski, Sinninghe Damsté, Houghton, Ryan, and Stott 2014, 225
VP
.
A
renimicrobium
Authors: Pascual Javier , Huber Katharina J. , Overmann Jörg 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

A.re.ni.mi.cro'bi.um. L. fem. n.
arena
, sand; N.L. neut. n.
microbium
, microbe; N.L. neut. n.
Arenimicrobium
, a bacterium isolated from sandy soil.

Acidobacteria / Blastocatellia / Blastocatellales / Pyrinomonadaceae / Arenimicrobium

Gram‐negative, ovoid to rod‐shaped cells that divide by binary fission. Cells are nonmotile and form neither spores nor capsules. Test positive for catalase and negative for cytochrome
c
oxidase. Grow aerobically by chemoorganotrophic metabolism, preferentially using complex protein‐containing substrates. Mesophiles that are adapted to a broad range of pH values. Major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol. Contain MK‐8 as major respiratory quinone and minor amounts of MK‐7. Major fatty acids include iso‐C
15
:0
and iso‐C
15
:1
H/C
13
:0
3‐OH (summed feature 1). Member of the class
Blastocatellia
(formerly subdivision 4
Acidobacteria
), order
Blastocatellales
, family
Pyrinomonadaceae
. The type species was isolated from a sandy agriculturally used old flood plain soil in Mashare, Namibia. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, additional not‐yet‐cultured representatives occur mainly in bulk and rhizosphere soils. Also found in saline–alkaline soils, terrestrial crystalline volcanic rocks, and on human body skin.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 66.9 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Arenimicrobium luteum
Wüst, Foesel, Geppert, Huber, Luckner, Wanner and Overmann 2016, 3362
VP
.
N
itrososphaerales
Authors: Kerou Melina , Alves Ricardo J. Eloy , Schleper Christa 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Ni.tro.so.sphae.ra'les. N.L. fem. n.
Nitrososphaera
type genus of the order; N.L. suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order, N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nitrososphaerales
the order of the genus
Nitrososphaera
.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria / Nitrososphaerales

The order
Nitrososphaerales
encompasses the diversity of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea formerly known as the I.1b group of
Thaumarchaeota
. This order contains organisms found predominantly in soil and freshwater environments, but also associated with sediments, plants, and the human skin. Cells have an irregular coccoid shape with a diameter of 0.65–1.3 µm. All described isolates are obligate aerobes, mesophilic or moderately thermophilic, and exhibit a chemolithoautotrophic metabolism via ammonia oxidation and CO
2
fixation. Urea and cyanate have been reported as alternative substrates for some species. Genomes of characterized strains range between 2.53 and 3.4 Mb and are larger than the genomes of members of all other orders within the class
Nitrososphaeria
described so far. They possess genes enabling extensive cell surface modification and cell adhesion, biofilm formation, carbohydrate conversions, and detoxification of aromatic compounds and drugs.

Type genus
:
Nitrososphaera
Stieglmeier, Klingl, Alves, Rittmann, Melcher, Leisch and Schleper 2014, 2746
VP
.
Actinides: Nuclear Forensics
Authors: Wallenius Maria , Lützenkirchen Klaus , Mayer Klaus , Varga Zsolt 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe smuggling of nuclear materials, including weapons‐grade uranium and plutonium, arose in a particularly problematic form in the early 1990s, and gave rise to the development of a new forensic discipline—nuclear forensics. Its principal aim is to determine the origin of nuclear and other radioactive materials that are out of regulatory control. Existing analytical techniques as used in material science, nuclear safeguards, and environmental analysis have been adapted to the specific needs of nuclear forensic investigations. During the past 20 years, new methodologies have been developed, aiming at identifying useful “nuclear forensic signatures” in order to reduce the ambiguities remaining in the interpretation of analytical results. The hazards involved with nuclear smuggling and the potential relation with nuclear terrorism are the driving forces for deploying and further advancing this scientific area.
Electronic Structure of the Transactinide Atoms
Authors: Eliav Ephraim , Kaldor Uzi , Borschevsky Anastasia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectronic structure and atomic properties of the transactinide or superheavy elements (SHEs) are reviewed. The properties of interest include electronic configurations of the ground states, ionization potentials, electron affinities, and excitation energies, which are associated with the spectroscopic and chemical behavior of these elements, and are therefore of considerable interest. Accurate predictions of these quantities require high‐order inclusion of relativity and electron correlation on equal footing. The four‐component Dirac–Coulomb–Breit Hamiltonian serves as the framework for the treatment, to include all terms up to second order in the fine‐structure constantα. Electron correlation is treated by the state‐of‐art relativistic Fock‐space coupled‐cluster method. The quality of the calculations is assessed by applying the same methods to lighter homologs, where the experimental information is available. This comparison shows very good agreement, within a few hundredths of an electronvolt, and similar accuracy is expected for the SHEs. Many of the properties predicted for the SHEs differ significantly from what may be expected by straightforward extrapolation of lighter homologies, demonstrating that the structure and chemistry of SHEs are strongly affected by relativity, making determination of their place in the Periodic Table a challenge.
Chemical Properties of the Transactinide Elements
Authors: Düllmann Christoph E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite their short half‐lives and minute production rates, chemical properties of the transactinide elements 104–108 and 112–114 have been studied and compared to those of their lighter homologs. While the gross trends established within the groups by the lighter, well‐known members are mostly followed, detailed studies revealed significant deviations from simple extrapolations within the respective groups. In many cases, these can only be understood if the influence of the very high nuclear charge on the electrons in the atomic shell is fully taken into account. In the transactinides, electrons are accelerated to a substantial fraction of the speed of light. A correct theoretical treatment requires fully relativistic quantum chemical calculations. These elements are thus an ideal laboratory to test the influence of relativity on chemical properties, and experimental data help refining theoretical models. In this article, the methods used for the chemical study of transactinide elements are introduced, and the present status of knowledge about their chemical properties is summarized.
Phosphorus: The Allotropes, Stability, Synthesis, and Selected Applications
Authors: Nilges Tom , Schmidt Peer , Weihrich Richard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhosphorus, first found in the seventeenth century, played an important role in the definition of the element term by Lavoisier and thus shaped the beginning of the era of modern chemistry. It was discovered for the first time in the most unstable crystalline modification—the white phosphorus. Today, a variety of experimentally proven allotropes are known. The most common allotropes, such as black, violet, and fibrous phosphorus, are described here with respect to their synthesis, crystal structures, thermal, and thermodynamic properties. Besides, more than 50 crystalline allotropes have been predicted, and their stabilities have been estimated using quantum‐chemical methods. This way, phosphorus becomes one of the most structurally variable elements of the periodic table. In this article, some of the most reasonable and sophisticated calculations are presented.The applications of elemental phosphorus are mainly connected with its semiconducting properties. Thus, the development of current applications is strongly related to new synthesis methods for direct preparation of individual, phase pure allotropic forms of phosphorus. The past decade supplied basic results on the formation of black phosphorus and other modifications, primarily using the mineralizer concept.Related to graphene and other two‐dimensional, layered structures, phosphorene is of drastically rising interest. The pertinent modifications are characterized by corrugated arrangement of six‐membered P‐rings, where both the boat conformation and the chair conformation are known. The application of phosphorene is in a jumping evolution. Currently, phosphorene is already in use in manifold ways, including as a sensor, optical device, transistor, energy‐conversion material, and supercapacitor material.
Detectors assessment for stereotactic radiosurgery with cones
Authors: Garnier Nicolas , Amblard Régis , Villeneuve Rémy , Haykal Rodolphe , Ortholan Cécile , Colin Philippe , Gérard Anaïs , Belhomme Sarah , Mady Franck , Benabdesselam Mourad , Serrano Benjamin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to assess eight detectors performance for output factor (OF), percent depth dose (PDD), and beam profiles in a 6‐MVClinac stereotactic radiosurgery mode for cone irradiation using Monte Carlo simulation as reference. Cones with diameters comprised between 30 and 4 mm have been studied. The evaluated detectors were ionization chambers: pinpoint and pinpoint 3D, diodes:SRS, P and E, Edge, MicroDiamond andEBT3 radiochromic films. The results showed that pinpoints underestimateOFup to −2.3% for cone diameters ≥10 mm and down to −12% for smaller cones. Both nonshielded (SRSand E) and shielded diodes (P and Edge) overestimate theOFrespectively up to 3.3% and 5.2% for cone diameters ≥10 mm and in both cases more than 7% for smaller cones. MicroDiamond slightly overestimates theOF, 3.7% for all the cones andEBT3 film is the closest to Monte Carlo with maximum difference of ±1% whatever the cone size is. For the profiles and thePDD, particularly for the small cones, the size of the detector predominates. All diodes andEBT3 agree with the simulation within ±0.2 mm for beam profiles determination. ForPDDcurve all the active detectors response agree with simulation up to 1% for all the cones.EBT3 is the more accurate detector for beam profiles andOFdeterminations of stereotactic cones but it is restrictive to use. Due to respectively inappropriate size of the sensitive volume and composition, pinpoints and diodes do not seem appropriate withoutOFcorrective factors below 10 mm diameter cone. MicroDiamond appears to be the best detector forOFdetermination regardless all cones. For off‐axis measurements, the size of the detector predominates and forPDDall detectors give promising results.
Pd/C‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Urea Derivatives Using Chloroform as the Carbon Monoxide Source in Water
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Hao , Li Guiqing , Min Shuliang , Xiang Fangyuan , Liu Shiqi , Zheng Waigang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA Pd/C‐catalyzed domino synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ureas from aryl iodides, sodium azide, amines and CHCl3 in water has been developed. This reaction proceeds with sequential carbonylation, Curtius rearrangement and nucleophilic addition. CHCl3 serves as a convenient and safe alternation of CO gas in the presence of KOH. A series of urea derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, the Pd/C catalyst could be readily recovered with slight decrease in the catalytic activity after six consecutive runs.magnified image
Iminyl Radical‐Mediated Controlled Hydroxyalkylation of Remote C(sp3)‐H Bond via Tandem 1,5‐HAT and Difunctionalization of Aryl Alkenes
Authors: Ma Zhi‐Yong , Guo Li‐Na , Gu Yu‐Rui , Chen Li , Duan Xin‐Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA visible‐light mediated γ‐hydroxyalkylation of ketones via C(sp3)‐H functionalization has been developed under redox neutral conditions. This protocol relies on the iminyl radical‐triggered 1,5‐HAT followed by oxyalkylation of alkenes, wherein C−C and C−O bonds were constructed in one step. This three‐component reaction features mild conditions, wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, thus providing a facile and highly efficient access to complex valuable ketones.magnified image
A Soluble Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative and Its Applications for Organic Phototransistors
Authors: Lee Chulyeon , Kim Joonwoo , Moon Yejin , Kim Dohan , Song Dong‐Ik , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA small molecular diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivative containing 2,4‐difluorinated phenyl groups, 3,6‐bis(5‐((E)‐2,4‐difluorostyryl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (EHD2FV), was synthesized by a cross‐coupling reaction with 90% yield. The solid EHD2FV film exhibited a broad optical absorption up to 1000 nm, it featured a deep‐lying LUMO energy (4.49 eV). EHD2FV was employed as an electron acceptor (n‐type) for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers, which act as a sensing channel layer in organic phototransistors (OPTRs), while poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was introduced as an electron donor (p‐type). The OPTRs with the P3HT : EHD2FV BHJ layers were capable of sensing a deep red light (700 nm). The results showed that the best photosensing performance (photoresponsivity=337.1 mA/W) was achieved at the EHD2FV molar ratio of 0.05.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Aziridination: Recent Advances
Authors: Roma Elia , Tosi Eleonora , Miceli Martina , Gasperi Tecla 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAziridines, the nitrogen counterparts of epoxides, are among the most challenging and intriguing heterocycles in organic chemistry, since they not only represent the endpoints of several total syntheses as common scaffolds in natural products, but also act as crucial precursors of complex molecules. The present review provides a brief overview of aziridine derivatives as well as the authors’ choice of published papers that highlight recent enhancements concerning asymmetric organocatalytic strategies involved in aziridination reactions.
Versatile and Catalyst‐Free Methods for the Introduction of Group‐16 Elements at the meso‐Positions of Diarylporphyrins
Authors: Yamashita Ken‐ichi , Kataoka Kazuyuki , Pham Qui Van Hang , Ogawa Takuji , Sugiura Ken‐ichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis report describes versatile and catalyst‐free methods for the introduction of group‐16 elements at the meso‐positions of diarylporphyrins. The methods involve nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of the meso‐bromodiarylporphyrin. The reaction proceeds in almost quantitative yield in most cases. Reactions with various phenols afford the corresponding meso‐phenoxyporphyrins, except for the reaction with 4‐hydroxypyridine, which affords a meso‐(N‐pyridonyl)porphyrin. With the exception of thiocyanate, reactions involving sulfur‐centered nucleophiles proceed smoothly and afford the corresponding functionalized porphyrins, including a meso‐sulfonylporphyrin that was obtained from benzenesulfinate. To overcome problems associated with the handling of chalcogenols (instability, bad odors), we also used dichalcogenides as nucleophile precursors to afford the corresponding meso‐sulfanyl or selanylporphyrins. The instability of a novel meso‐tellanylporphyrin is also revealed.
Refugees, their situation and treatment needs
Authors: Varvin Sverre 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe number of displaced persons today is the highest since World War II. Flight has become increasingly dangerous and refugees are now in poorer health conditions. Severe traumatization happens in their home‐countries but atrocities under flight is increasing, including torture, trafficking and death. It has become increasingly difficult to reach Western countries and those who come now meet difficult conditions with poor living conditions and growing xenophobia. There are unmet treatment needs in the refugee population and lack of early preventive measures. Many severely traumatized will also need qualified psychotherapy. This article presents a psychoanalytic view on traumatization and describes specific features of psychoanalytic therapy with severely traumatized refugees. A case example is presented to illustrate how the analyst inevitably becomes involved in traumatization related mental scenarios and how this involvement may provoke countertransference enactment. It is demonstrated how this may be solved in the therapeutic process and facilitate integration of traumatic experiences and loss.
Arthritis. The Cumulative Impact of a Common Chronic Condition
Authors: YELIN EDWARD 
Published: September 2018

Objective. To document the extent of disability related to arthritis among working‐age (18–64‐year‐old) and elderly (≥70‐year‐old) individuals.Methods. Data from the 1970–1987 National Health Interview Surveys were used to determine the prevalence of arthritis‐related disability among working‐age adults. The Longitudinal Study on Aging was used to determine the prevalence of arthritis‐related disability among the elderly.Results. Among working‐age persons, 3.734 million men and 5.649 million women reported having arthritis, of whom in excess of 2 million and 3 million, respectively, reported activity limitation (the definition of disability in the National Health Interview Survey). Labor force participation among men with arthritis was ~20% lower than among those without arthritis and ~25% lower among women with arthritis than among those without. Among elderly individuals, 55% reported having arthritis and, of these, more than three‐quarters were limited in a physical activity and more than one‐third were limited in an activity of daily living. Moreover, disability rates for persons with arthritis were found to be increasing, even on an age‐adjusted basis.Conclusion. The impact of arthritis in terms of disability was shown to be high and was probably underestimated, given the high prevalence of the disease among women and elderly persons, and the limitations in the methods used in contemporary social surveys to establish the extent of disability, in these 2 population groups in particular.