bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Victorian Bluestone: a proposed Global Heritage Stone Province from Australia
Authors: Walter Susan M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Victorian Bluestone is proposed as a Global Heritage Stone Province from Australia. Numerous heritage stones occur within this province and of these Malmsbury Bluestone is suggested as a Global Heritage Stone Resource. Bluestone, an iconic basalt dimension stone from Victoria, is used domestically and internationally with a recognized heritage value. Sources are located in urban and country areas of Victoria some of which are still utilized for dimension stone. In many instances bluestone has superior technical characteristics, including durability, that surpass high-quality commercial sandstones, despite an architectural preference for lighter-coloured stones. These characteristics are matched by the diversity of significant uses for domestic, commercial and infrastructure purposes especially in Victoria. Notable examples include the Spotswood Pumping Station, Malmsbury Viaduct, the Graving Dock (Williamstown), Malmsbury Reservoir, St Patrick's Cathedral (Melbourne), Kyneton Railway Station and Ararat Gaol. If the bluestone used in pavements and drains is also considered, Victorian Bluestone could be described as Australia's most prominent infrastructure heritage stone. Bluestone use in Melbourne dates from the 1840s, in the other states of Australia and in New Zealand from 1873, with international interest from Asia between 1860 and 1880. The stone continues to be utilized widely around Australia and is also exported.
Heritage stone in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Cole Doug 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cape Town was founded in 1652 and many of its historical buildings are constructed of local natural stone. Malmesbury Group slate was exploited from 1666 and used to build Cape Town Castle, which is the oldest building in Cape Town. Two other local stones, Cape granite and Table Mountain sandstone were utilized for buildings from 1850. A medium-grained granite named Paarl Grey was exploited from an area adjacent to the town of Paarl, 50 km east of Cape Town, from 1890. This granite is the most extensively-used natural stone in Cape Town.
The resource fields of natural stone near Cape Town, namely Malmesbury Group slate, Cape granite and Table Mountain sandstone, lie within the Table Mountain National Park and Robben Island World Heritage Site and can no longer be exploited, but similar resource fields occur outside Cape Town. Paarl Grey granite is still extracted at one quarry and, despite part of the resource field lying within the Paarl Mountain Nature Reserve, there are still sufficient quantities of stone available.
From an international perspective, the heritage stones of Cape Town, South Africa, are best considered as having national significance.
Chronic Medical Conditions and CA125 Levels among Women without Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Akinwunmi Babatunde O. , Babic Ana , Vitonis Allison F. , Cramer Daniel W. , Titus Linda , Tworoger Shelley S. , Terry Kathryn L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
Randomized trials using the biomarker cancer antigen (CA) 125, with or without pelvic ultrasound, have failed to show a clear benefit of general population screening for ovarian cancer. In part, this may be due to a lack of information about conditions, besides ovarian cancer, that can alter CA125 levels and affect specificity or sensitivity. We evaluated the association between common medical conditions and CA125 levels among women without ovarian cancer.

Methods:
We used data and specimens from 2,004 women without ovarian cancer who participated in the New England Case Control study between 1992 and 2008. Participants completed in-person interviews and donated blood samples at enrollment. We measured CA125 using the CA125II assay and calculated the association between medical conditions and log-transformed CA125 using linear regression.

Results:
The median age of participants was 53 years and 1,119 (56%) were postmenopausal. The average CA125 level was 14.5 units/mL for premenopausal and 11.7 for postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women, CA125 was significantly lower for women with colon polyps (P = 0.06) and hysterectomy (P = 0.01) and significantly higher with endometriosis (P = 0.05). CA125 was also significantly higher in premenopausal women with coronary artery disease (CVD) (P &lt; 0.01, n = 2 cases) but not among postmenopausal with CVD (n = 79). Furthermore, among postmenopausal women, CA125 was significantly lower for women with osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, and osteoarthritis (P = 0.03, 0.02, and 0.01 respectively) and higher for women with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Several chronic diseases are associated with CA125, which could influence the interpretation of CA125 in the context of ovarian cancer screening.

Impact:
Consideration of chronic medical conditions may be necessary to interpret CA125 values.
Wittgenstein e eu
Authors: Cuter João Vergílio 
Published: September 2018

Tenta-se especificar uma noção de “limite da linguagem” compatível com a filosofia madura de Wittgenstein. Essa noção é relacionada ao caráter necessariamente público dos critérios. Várias questões são feitas, então, quanto à possível existência de um objeto ou fato cuja identificação dependesse essencialmente de critérios privados. Essas questões revelam-se patentes contrassensos, e esse resultado mostra-se ontologicamente neutro. Assim, as questões filosóficas desaparecem, ao passo que o horizonte místico se mantém.
A concepção metafísica de Descartes da ciência e da representação mecanicista da natureza
Authors: Chiappin J. R. N. 
Published: September 2018

O objetivo é descrever a concepção metafísica da ciência de Descartes como um instrumento de solução de problemas e a construção metafísica do mundo como uma representação mecanicista da natureza. O objetivo do projeto cartesiano é de proporcionar legitimidade ao método de Galileu de física e a imagem da natureza física por ela criada como caracterizando a natureza da ciência e da nova imagem do mundo como mecânica formada de massas e movimento. Descartes transforma a física de Galileu em um modelo e programa de conhecimento do mundo e o mundo numa representação mecânica.
Cidadania e liberdade: Rousseau contra Hobbes
Authors: Frateschi Yara 
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende mostrar que para desmontar as teses centrais da teoria política de Hobbes, Rousseau deve recusar a antropologia do autor do Leviatã e lançar mão de outra antropologia que reivindica para o homem um aspecto moral condizente com a ideia de liberdade e de uma vontade que é causa de si mesma e inalienável.Trata-se de analisar a crítica de Rousseau à antropologia mecanicista de Hobbes para esclarecer, em primeiro lugar, porque, para o autor do Emílio, abdicar da vontade equivale a deixar de ser humano, e, em segundo lugar, que essa mesma crítica permite a Rousseau repensar o exercício da cidadania em termos radicalmente distintos dos de Hobbes, pois ao cidadão rousseauísta estará resguardada a possibilidade de uma transformação moral que permite a construção de relações sociais de qualidade muito distinta daquelas que os súditos hobbesianos estabelecem entre si e com a coletividade.
Schiller e a intersubjetividade teatral
Authors: Morel Charlotte 
Published: September 2018

O artigo busca explorar a interpenetração do pensamento acerca do teatro e da filosofia na obra de Schiller. Para tanto, é central o conceito de intersubjetividade, que põe o autor de "Don Carlos" em contato direto com a Crítica do juízo, de Kant.
Diderot e o romantismo na política
Authors: Portich Ana 
Published: September 2018

Contesta-se aqui a leitura exclusivamente naturalista que se faz das teorias de Diderot sobre a origem e a função do modelo ideal nas artes. O modelo ideal, assim como não pode ser entendido como fruto de um processo indutivo que parta de certa disposição fisiológica, também não é concebido pelo ator em estado de isolamento, resultante de um julgamento íntimo frente à tensão entre razão e sensibilidade. A hipótese a ser defendida é a de que essas alternativas sejam desdobramento de um modelo ideal originado no solo da política, mais especificamente, uma vertente da política contrária aos privilégios das elites, de modo que na plateia nenhum espectador as admire, nem queira se identificar com elas. Embora Diderot considere que a equanimidade seja uma tendência natural aos membros da espécie humana, é o aspecto convencional da linguagem, a artística inclusive, que justifica sua opção pelo sistema constitucionalista – que no estado civil garante direitos iguais para todos –, como a concretização do ideal a ser perseguido e a ser disseminado pelas artes.
Selection of β‐Blocker in Patients With Cirrhosis and Acute Myocardial Infarction: A 13‐Year Nationwide Population‐Based Study in Asia
Authors: Wu Victor Chien‐Chia , Chen Shao‐Wei , Ting Pei‐Chi , Chang Chih‐Hsiang , Wu Michael , Lin Ming‐Shyan , Hsieh Ming‐Jer , Wang Chao‐Yung , Chang Shang‐Hung , Hung Kuo‐Chun , Hsieh I.‐Chang , Chu Pao‐Hsien , Wu Cheng‐Shyong , Lin Yu‐Sheng 
Published: September 2018

Background

It is not clear whether β
1
‐selective or nonselective β‐blockers should be used in patients with cirrhosis and acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

Medical records were retrieved from Taiwan NHIRD (National Health Insurance Research Database) during 2001‐2013. Patients were excluded for age <20, previous acute myocardial infarction, contraindication to β‐blockers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or atrioventricular conduction disease. Patients who died during index admission, had a follow‐up <6 months, had a medication ratio of either β
1
‐selective or nonselective β‐blocker <80%, or who switched between β‐blockers were also excluded. Patients on β
1
‐selective blockers and nonselective β‐blockers were propensity score matched and compared for outcome. Primary outcomes were 1‐ and 2‐year cardiovascular events, liver adverse outcomes, and all‐cause mortality. A total of 203 595 patients with acute myocardial infarction were enrolled, of whom 6355 had cirrhosis. After screening for exclusion criteria, 1769 patients (655 patients on β‐blockers and 1114 patients not on β‐blockers) were eligible for analysis. Among patients on β‐blockers, propensity score matching was performed, and 218 patients on β
1
‐selective blockers and 218 patients on nonselective β‐blockers were studied. During a 2‐year follow‐up, patients on β
1
‐selective blockers had significantly fewer major cardiac and cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio=0.62; 95% confidence interval=0.42‐0.91;
P
=0.014), a trend toward lower all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio=0.66; 95% confidence interval=0.38‐1.14;
P
=0.135), and nonworsening liver outcome (hazard ratio=0.66; 95% confidence interval=0.38‐1.14;
P
=0.354).

Conclusions

In patients with cirrhosis and acute myocardial infarction, selecting a β‐blocker is a clinical dilemma. Our study showed that the use of β
1
‐selective blockers is associated with lower risks of major cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
Effect of Once‐Weekly Exenatide on Clinical Outcomes According to Baseline Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial
Authors: Mentz Robert J. , Bethel M. Angelyn , Merrill Peter , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Buse John B. , Chan Juliana C. , Felício João S. , Goodman Shaun G. , Choi Jasmine , Gustavson Stephanie M. , Iqbal Nayyar , Lopes Renato D. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Öhman Peter , Pagidipati Neha J. , Poulter Neil R. , Ramachandran Ambady , Reicher Barry , Holman Rury R. , Hernandez Adrian F. ,   the EXSCEL Study Group
Published: September 2018

Background

In the
EXSCEL
(Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering), exenatide once‐weekly resulted in a nonsignificant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (
MACEs
) and a nominal 14% reduction in all‐cause mortality in 14 752 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2
DM
) with and without cardiovascular disease. Whether patients at increased risk for events experienced a comparatively greater treatment benefit with exenatide is unknown.

Methods and Results

In the
EXSCEL
population, we created risk scores for
MACEs
and all‐cause mortality using step‐wise selection of baseline characteristics. A risk score was calculated for each patient, and a time‐to‐event model for each end point was developed including the risk score, treatment assignment, and risk‐treatment interaction. Interaction
P
values evaluating for a differential treatment effect by baseline risk were reported. Over a median follow‐up of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2, 4.4), 1091 (7.4%) patients died and 1744 (11.8%) experienced a
MACE
. Independent predictors of
MACEs
and all‐cause mortality included age, sex, comorbidities (eg, previous cardiovascular event), body mass index, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The all‐cause mortality and
MACE
risk models had modest discrimination with optimism‐corrected c‐indices of 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. No interaction was observed between treatment effect and risk profile for either end point (both interactions,
P
>0.1).

Conclusions

Baseline characteristics (eg, age, previous cardiovascular events) and routine laboratory values (eg, hemoglobin A1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate) provided modest prognostic value for mortality and
MACEs
in a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exenatide's effects on mortality and
MACEs
were consistent across the spectrum of baseline risk.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01144338.
Benefit-risk assessment of erenumab and current migraine prophylactic treatments using the likelihood of being helped or harmed
Authors: Vo Pamela , Wen Shihua , Martel Marie-Josée , Mitsikostas Dimos , Reuter Uwe , Klatt Jan 
Published: September 2018

Objective This study evaluated the benefit-risk profile of erenumab relative to other therapies approved for migraine prophylaxis and available in the majority of European countries. Methods Trials were identified via a published systematic literature review updated to December 2017 using MEDLINE. Erenumab’s pivotal trials study reports were also included (NCT02066415, NCT02456740). From these sources, ≥ 50% responder rates and discontinuations due to adverse events were extracted to generate numbers needed to treat and harm and likelihood of being helped or harmed, a quantitative benefit-risk measure. Results Eleven articles (nine randomized clinical trials) met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Low numbers needed to treat (range: 4–13) were observed for most treatments, while numbers needed to harm showed substantial differences (erenumab’s higher numbers needed to harm indicating better tolerability). In chronic and episodic migraine, likelihoods of being helped or harmed for erenumab 70 mg were 143 and 167, and 42 and 167 for erenumab 140 mg. Likelihoods of being helped or harmed in chronic migraine were 2 and 3 for topiramate (two studies) and 4 for onabotulinumtoxinA. In episodic migraine, likelihoods of being helped or harmed were 2 for topiramate and 2 for propranolol. Conclusions While all prophylactic treatments were more likely to help than harm (likelihood of being helped or harmed > 1), erenumab showed a likelihood of being helped or harmed of high magnitude, supporting its favorable benefit-risk profile across the entire migraine frequency spectrum, in contrast with other prophylactic treatments.
Surgical Volume and Postoperative Complications of Acromioclavicular Joint Separations: Analysis of the ABOS Part II Examination
Authors: Hippensteel K.J. , Brophy Robert , Smith Matthew , Wright Rick 
Published: September 2018

Background: High-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations are relatively rare injuries that are often treated surgically, yet more information is needed about the risks of various surgical procedures in terms of considering and counseling patients regarding operative versus nonoperative treatment. Purpose: To calculate whether the volume of surgical treatment of AC joint separations increased over a recent 12-year period; to examine the nature and frequency of complications, reoperations, and readmissions associated with these procedures; and to assess whether patient- and surgeon-specific factors or surgical technique affected these rates. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) database for orthopaedic surgeons taking the Part II examination was reviewed from 2005 to 2016 to identify surgical treatment of AC joint separations. The authors calculated the percentage of all surgical cases in the ABOS database and rates of complications, reoperations, and readmissions. Association of these sequelae with patient- and surgeon-specific factors and surgical techniques was assessed. Results: There was no difference in the number or percentage of cases per year over the study period. There was an overall complication rate of 24.5%, a reoperation rate of 7.3%, and a readmission rate of 1.9%. Patients ≥40 years of age had significantly higher complication, reoperation, and readmission rates as compared with patients <40 years of age. There were significant differences in complication, reoperation, readmission, and displacement rates dependent on the type of surgical procedure performed. The highest complication rates were seen with open suspensory fixation, screw fixation, open reduction internal fixation, and arthroscopic coracoclavicular ligament repair or reconstruction. The highest reoperation rates were seen with screw fixation, open reduction internal fixation, and open suspensory fixation. Conclusion: The volume of surgical treatment for AC joint separations did not change significantly over the study period. Complication, reoperation, and readmission rates were dependent on the type of surgical procedure performed and patient age. This information should assist surgeons in discussing risks when considering and counseling patients regarding operative versus nonoperative treatment.
Anatomic Site-Specific Complication Rates for Central Venous Catheter Insertions
Authors: Bell Jacob , Goyal Munish , Long Sallie , Kumar Anagha , Friedrich Joseph , Garfinkel Jonathan , Chung Suzi , Fitzgibbons Shimae 
Published: September 2018

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) complication rates reflecting the application of modern insertion techniques to a clinically heterogeneous patient populations are needed to better understand procedural risk attributable to the 3 common anatomic insertion sites: internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral veins. We sought to define site-specific mechanical and duration-associated CVC complication rates across all hospital inpatients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted over 9 months at Georgetown University Hospital and Washington Hospital Center. Peripherally inserted central catheters and tunneled or fluoroscopically placed CVC’s were excluded. Mechanical complications (retained guidewire, arterial injury, and pneumothorax) and duration-associated complications (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and central line-associated bloodstream infections) were identified. Results: In all, 1179 CVC insertions in 801 adult patients were analyzed. Approximately 32% of patients had multiple lines placed. Of 1179 CVCs, 73 total complications were recorded, giving a total rate of one or more complications occurring per CVC of 5.9%. There was no statistically significant difference between site-specific complications. A total of 19 mechanical complications were documented, with a 1.5% complication rate of one or more mechanical complications occurring. A total of 54 delayed complications were documented, with a 4.4% complication rate of 1 or more delayed complications occurring. There were no statistically significant differences between anatomic sites for either total mechanical or total delayed complications. Conclusions: These results suggest that site-specific CVC complication rates may be less common than previously reported. These data further inform on the safety of modern CVC insertion techniques across all patient populations and clinical settings.
Weight concerns as a predictor of smoking cessation according to nicotine dependence
Authors: Tuovinen Eeva-Liisa , Saarni Suoma E. , Kinnunen Taru H. , Ollila Hanna , Ruokolainen Otto , Patja Kristiina , Männistö Satu , Jousilahti Pekka , Kaprio Jaakko , Korhonen Tellervo 
Published: September 2018

Background: Nicotine-dependent smokers find it difficult to quit smoking. Additionally, smoking-specific weight concerns may affect smoking cessation although the evidence is controversial. We investigated whether smoking-specific weight concerns predict the probability of cessation and, if so, whether the effect varies according to the level of nicotine dependence. Methods: The study was conducted with a population-based sample of 355 adult daily smokers who participated in the baseline examination in 2007 and in the 2014 follow-up. Baseline nicotine dependence was classified as low or high (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; 0–3 vs. 4–10 points). Within these groups, we examined whether baseline weight concerns predict smoking status (daily, occasional, ex-smoker) at follow-up by using multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for multiple covariates. Results: Among low-dependent participants at baseline, 28.5% had quit smoking, while among highly dependent participants 26.1% had quit smoking. The interaction between weight concerns and nicotine dependence on follow-up smoking status was significant. Among participants with low nicotine dependence per the fully adjusted model, greater weight concerns predicted a lower likelihood of both smoking cessation (relative risk ratio 0.93 [95% CI 0.87–1.00]) and smoking reduction to occasional occurrence (0.89 [95% CI 0.81–0.98]). Weight concerns were not associated with follow-up smoking status among participants with high nicotine dependence. Conclusions: Weight concerns are associated with a smaller likelihood of quitting among smokers with low nicotine dependence. Weight concerns should be addressed in smoking cessation interventions, especially with smokers who have low nicotine dependence.
First identification of a single amino acid change in the spike protein region of feline coronavirus detected from a coronavirus-associated cutaneous nodule in a cat
Authors: Osumi Takafumi , Mitsui Ikki , Leutenegger Christian M , Okabe Ryo , Ide Kaori , Nishifuji Koji 
Published: September 2018

Case summary A 32-month-old spayed female Singapura cat presented with a non-pruritic erythematous nodule on the upper lip. The cat also had multiple nodules in the liver but exhibited no other clinical signs consistent with classical feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), such as pleural effusion or ascites, uveitis or neurological symptoms. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the cutaneous nodule revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis with intralesional macrophages laden with feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR of a cutaneous sample revealed a single nucleotide substitution in the spike protein gene of FCoV (mutation M1058L), which is consistent with an FCoV genotype commonly associated with FIP. The cat received a blood transfusion and supportive therapy, but the owner declined to continue the treatments owing to poor response. The cat was lost to follow-up 5 months after discharge. Relevance and novel information This report describes a case of a coronavirus-associated cutaneous nodule in which the evidence of amino acid changes in the spike protein gene identified by RT-PCR were consistent with an FCoV genotype commonly seen in cases of FIP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of cutaneous disease associated with the mutated FCoV that was confirmed by molecular diagnostic testing.