bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Fibrinopeptide A and Beta-Thromboglobulin in Major Bacterial Infections
Authors: van Hulsteijn H , Fibbe W , Bertina R , Briët E 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of plasma fibrinopeptide A and beta-thromboglobulin concentrations for the diagnosis of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with a major bacterial infection. In 80 controls the mean plasma fibrinopeptide A concentration was 0.72 ± 0.47 (ng/ml ± SD) and the mean plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration 28.2 ± 10.1 (ng/ml ± SD).On admission the mean fibrinopeptide A concentration was significantly raised (5.42 ng/ml) in these patients and 17 of them had a raised fibrinopeptide A concentration. However, the mean beta-thromboglobulin concentration was not significantly different from that of the healthy individuals (35.4 ng/ml) and only three patients had an increased beta-thromboglobulin concentration.Our data show that patients with major bacterial infections tend to have increased fibrinopeptide A and normal beta-thromboglobulin concentrations. Consequently, the measuring of plasma fibrinopeptide A concentration is useless for the diagnosis of acute venous thromboembolism in these patients. However, the determination of plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration can still be used for this purpose, since a normal beta-thrombo-globulin concentration excludes the presence of acute venous thrombosis.
Platelet and Coagulation Parameters Following Millisecond Exposure to Laminar Shear Stress
Authors: Wurzinger L J , Opitz R , Blasberg P , Schmid-Schönbein H 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBlood flowing through artificial organs or arterial stenoses is subjected to high shear for short times. To clarify the effects of short acting high shear forces upon platelets, heparinized PRP was exposed to viscometric flow (57–255 N/m2; 7–700 ms). Before and after shear exposure β-TG release, LDH liberation, platelet count, and ADP-induced aggregation were assayed. Stypven time-monitored platelet procoagulant activity, determined after heparin neutralization by protamine, proved to be the most sensitive indicator for shear-induced platelet alteration. A shear stress of 170 N/m2, acting for as short a time as 7 ms made available procoagulant phospholipids, whereas P-TG and LDH liberation required 255 N/m2 for 7 ms, and ADP refractoriness was found only after 113 ms exposure to 255 N/m2. Under these conditions the percent release of β-TG does not exceed the liberation of LDH, suggesting that the evidence for “shear induced platelet activation” from experiments with exposure times of minutes, is most likely a conventional biochemical rather than biophysical effect.
Protein C Deficiency – Response to Danazol and DDAVP
Authors: Gonzalez R , Alberca I , Sala N , Vicente V 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe studied a Spanish family in which one of the female members presented recurrent thrombophlebitis in both legs after three different deliveries. Biological and antigenic activity of protein C was decreased (35% and 42% respectively). Reduced protein C levels were also observed in 6 other family members. Administration of danazol (600 mg/day) in two patients with protein C deficiency elevated this protein and discontinuation of the drug resulted in a reduction of protein C to pretreatment values. The proposita showed a normal fibrinolytic activity and infusion of DDAVP produced a similar response of FVIII/VWF and plasminogen activator to those observed in healthy subjects.
High p16 Expression Is Associated with Malignancy and Shorter Disease-Free Survival Time in Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Liang Yuanxin , Heller Robert S. , Wu Julian K. , Heilman Carl B. , Tischler Arthur S. , Arkun Knarik 
Published: August 2018

Objective Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) and hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are now classified along a single spectrum of fibroblastic mesenchymal tumors with NAB2–STAT6 fusion. This fusion acts as a driver mutation that constitutively activates EGR1, which is known to be involved in the p16 pathway. Overexpression of p16 is associated with malignancy and worse prognosis in multiple mesenchymal tumors. The authors sought to investigate p16 immunoexpression in association with malignancy and prognosis of SFT/HPC tumors.
Design Twenty-three SFT/HPC tumors (central nervous system [CNS]: 12, non CNS: 11) diagnosed at our institution from 2002 to 2016 were assigned into 3 grades. Data from microarray immunohistochemistry for STAT6, synaptophysin, CD56, chromogranin, SST2A, EGR1, Ki67, and p16, grade and survival were analyzed.
Results CNS SFT/HPCs tend to be malignant (grade 3; 67 vs. 18%, p = 0.036) and more likely to express synaptophysin (33 vs. 0%, p = 0.035) than non CNS tumors. Overexpression of p16 (immunopositivity ≥ 50% tumor cells) was associated with malignant (grade 3) tumors, and has a sensitivity of 70% (7/10), and a specificity of 77% (10/13), as a predictive marker for malignancy. SFT/HPC patients with low p16 expression demonstrated significantly longer disease-free survival time (median survival > 113 months) than those with high p16 expression (median survival = 30 months, p = 0.045).
Conclusions SFT/HPCs in the CNS are more likely to be malignant than the tumors in other sites. High p16 expression is also associated with malignancy and shorter disease-free survival time in SFT/HPC tumors in our study cohort. Clinically, p16 overexpression can be used as predictive marker for malignancy and prognosis and a possible therapeutic target.
High aspect ratio nanotubes assembled from macrocyclic iminium salts
Authors: Sun Chao , Shen Meng , Chavez Anton D. , Evans Austin M. , Liu Xiaolong , Harutyunyan Boris , Flanders Nathan C. , Hersam Mark C. , Bedzyk Michael J. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Dichtel William R. 
Published: August 2018

Significance
The distinct properties of one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and actin filaments, emerge from their high aspect ratios. Stacking macrocycles into nanotubes represents a potentially powerful design strategy to access synthetic nanotubes, but such noncovalent assemblies are typically too weak to support individual, high aspect ratio structures. We report hexagonal macrocycles that exhibit strong electrostatic stacking upon protonation of their imine linkages. The resulting nanotubes form lyotropic phases and align in flow, a hallmark of high aspect ratio structures. The iminium-linked macrocycle assemblies form and disassemble reversibly in the presence of bases and acids, and are stabilized by covalent cross-linking.
Isolation of tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitory flavonoids from Juniperus chinensis fruits
Authors: Park Sang-a , Jegal Jonghwan , Chung Ki Wung , Jung Hee Jin , Noh Sang Gyun , Chung Hae Young , Ahn Jongmin , Kim Jinwoong , Yang Min Hye 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
A new biflavonoid, amentoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and thirteen known flavonoids were isolated from the fruits of Juniperus chinensis using a bioactivity-guided method and their tyrosinase inhibitory effects were tested using a mushroom tyrosinase bioassay. Two isolates, hypolaetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside, were found to reduce tyrosinase activity at a concentration of 50 μM. Quercetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside attenuated cellular tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in α-MSH plus IBMX-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Molecular docking simulation revealed that quercetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside inhibits tyrosinase activity by hydrogen bonding with residues His85, His244, Thr261, and Gly281 of tyrosinase.
Abbreviations: EtOH, ethanol; CH2Cl2, dichloromethane; EtOAc, ethylacetate; n-BuOH, n-butanol; MeOH, metanol; CHCl3,chloroform; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; α-MSH, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone; L-DOPA, L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
An Analysis of Plastic Surgeons’ Social Media Use and Perceptions
Authors: Economides James M , Fan Kenneth L , Pittman Troy A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Social media have become ubiquitous in society with an increasing number of active daily users across multiple platforms. Social media use has grown within the field of plastic surgery; many surgeons have created a professional account to gain exposure.

Objectives
This study investigates the patterns of use and perceptions of social media in plastic surgery.

Methods
A 16-item questionnaire was sent electronically to board-certified plastic surgeons to investigate professional social media use and perceptions. A literature review of all studies pertaining to social media and plastic surgery was also undertaken.

Results
An online survey was sent to 6136 ASPS members with 454 responses (7.4%). Of the respondents, 61.9% reported having an active professional social media account. Respondents whose practice primarily consisted of aesthetic/cosmetic surgery were the most likely to have an active professional social media account (79.4%). Nonacademic surgeons were most likely to maintain an active professional social media account (71.9%) compared with university-affiliated community surgeons (41.4%) and academic surgeons (29.5%). Nonacademic surgeons were more likely to believe social media is positive for the field (48.9%) compared with the other 2 cohorts (27.6% and 35.1%, respectively). Academic surgeons are more likely to believe social media worsens the image of the field (49.3%) vs the other cohorts (35.4% and 37.2%).

Conclusions
Professional social media use is rising within plastic surgery. However, a dichotomy exists in acceptance. Private practice, younger surgeons are more likely to view social media as an acceptable method of reaching patients.
SOMANZ Guidelines for the Investigation and Management of Sepsis in Pregnancy
Authors: Bowyer L. , Robinson H.L. , Barrett H. , Crozier T.M. , Giles M. , Idel I. , Lowe S. , Lust K. , Marnoch C.A. , Morton M.R. , Said J. , Wong M. , Makris A. 
Published: August 2018

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2017;57:540–551)
Sepsis, caused by Group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) infection, is an increasing cause of maternal mortality in both Australia and the United Kingdom. Sepsis can lead to insufficiency in maternal circulation, leading to compromised fetal perfusion and fetal distress. The Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) has designed evidence-based guidelines for the effective investigation and management of sepsis in pregnant and postpartum women.
Competency-based Assessment Tools for Regional Anaesthesia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chuan A. , Wan A.S. , Royse C.F. , Forrest K. 
Published: August 2018

(Br J Anaesth. 2018;120:264–273)
Assessment tools play a critical role in the evaluation of trainee performance in competency-based postgraduate medical education programs. Consequently, the authors of the present narrative appraised published regional anesthesia assessment tools and addressed the type and purpose of current tools, relevant psychometric properties, implications for clinical adoption, and priorities in research.
Preeclampsia and Scleroderma: A Prospective Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Kamper-Jørgensen M. , Gammill H.S. , Nelson J.L. 
Published: August 2018

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018;97:587–590)
Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by skin thickening. Various subtypes exist that are defined by the organ systems affected. A previous retrospective study found that women who ultimately developed scleroderma reported having had a pregnancy with hypertensive complications at twice the rate of that for healthy women. To determine the possible association between preeclampsia and scleroderma, a nationwide prospective cohort analysis was performed.
Reduction of Preterm Birth Rates Starts at Preconception
Authors: Oudijk M.A. 
Published: August 2018

(BJOG 2017;124:1717)
The article by Kim et al has found obesity, in the absence of chronic disease, to be associated with preterm birth. Of interest was the association between obesity and extremely preterm birth (birth at <28 wk gestation), both spontaneous and indicated, in nulliparous women. Extremely preterm birth is associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. Providers should attempt to identify women at risk of preterm birth, such as overweight and obese women, and work to modify these risk factors.
Loss of Resistance: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing 4 Low-fidelity Epidural Puncture Simulators
Authors: Pedersen T.H. , Meuli J. , Plazikowski E.J. , Buttenberg M. , Kleine-Brueggeney M. , Seidl C. , Theiler L. , Greif R. 
Published: August 2018

(Eur J Anaesthesiol 2017;34:602–608)
Placing an epidural catheter for administration of regional anesthesia is considered to be a difficult skill for anesthesia residents to master. In one study, first-year residents had only an 80% success rate after 90 attempts at epidural catheter placement. With such a steep learning curve, it would be beneficial to have significant simulated experiences before performing the procedure on patients. Several simulators are commercially available for practicing identification of the epidural space using a loss of resistance (LOR) technique. However, these simulators can be quite expensive, ranging in price between €1500 and 3000. The use of various fruits have been studied to simulate the feel of LOR during epidural procedures with the banana found to best simulate the sensation. In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled study the investigators compared 3 commercially available simulators and a banana for their ability to simulate the LOR feel essential to successful epidural placement.
Electron Microscopy of Dural and Arachnoid Disruptions After Subarachnoid Block
Authors: Reina M.A. , Puigdellívol-Sánchez A. , Gatt S.P. , De Andrés J. , Prats-Galino A. , van Zundert A. 
Published: August 2018

(Reg Anesth Pain Med 2017;42:709–718)
Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is commonly explained by intracranial hypotension due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage. An association between larger size dural punctures and an increased incidence of PDPH has been widely accepted. It was generally believed that pencil-point type needles produced smaller dural lesions by allowing separation rather than cutting of the dural fibers, but this has not been supported by morphologic evidence. There has been little investigation on the morphology of dural lesions produced by spinal needles. This study aimed to study human meninges and the morphology of dura-arachnoid lesions produced by 27 G Whitacre and 29 G Quincke spinal needles. The study also sought to determine whether there was a correlation between the diameter of the lesions and the needles used. Finally, authors aimed to determine whether the lesion diameter was altered when the 29 G needle bevel was oriented vertically rather than horizontally.
Preventing Mistransfusions: An Evaluation of Institutional Knowledge and a Response
Authors: MacDougall N. , Dong F. , Broussard L. , Comunale M.E. 
Published: August 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2018;126:247–251)
The risk of transfusion of the wrong blood to the wrong patient is 3 times higher than the risk of infectious disease transmission through blood products. In the present study, the authors reported on their experience with a transfusion event, in which a patient with type AB blood type was given type A plasma with no negative sequelae. Following the analysis of the knowledge gap that occurred between the technician and the members of the anesthesia team, the authors evaluated the application of a point of care cognitive aid to bridge potentially lethal knowledge gaps among practitioners in blood product to patient compatibility.
Microparticle Release During Normal Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Hofer J.E. , Scavone B.M. 
Published: August 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2018;126:925–927)
Microparticles (MPs) are spherical cytoplasm-free parts of cell membranes released from cells during physiological or pathologic processes; the origin of MPs can be identified based on their membrane proteins. The relationship between coagulability and MP levels surrounding normal delivery has not been characterized. A better understanding of peripartum coagulation may permit better identification of those at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. The authors of this brief report hypothesized that an increase in MP levels in plasma occurs around the time of placental separation and subsides after several hours.
Photoplethysmography and Heart Rate Variability for the Diagnosis of Preeclampsia
Authors: Euliano T.Y. , Michalopoulos K. , Singh S. , Gregg A.R. , Del Rio M. , Vasilopoulos T. , Johnson A.M. , Onkala A. , Darmanjian S. , Euliano N.R. , Ho M. 
Published: August 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2018;126:913–919)
Nearly one-third of patients with preeclampsia (PE) do not present clearly, and there currently is no predictive test with adequate discrimination power. Analysis of peripheral pulse waveforms has long been recognized to indicate arterial resistance characteristics. The authors of the present study hypothesized it may be possible to distinguish women with PE with severe features from nonpreeclamptic patients, using parameters of photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse and electrocardiogram (ECG) alone. To that end, the authors of the present study determined a set of timing, shape, and statistical features available through these noninvasive measures.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes (CONCEPTT): A Multicentre International Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Feig D.S. , Donovan L.E. , Corcoy R. , Murphy K.E. , Amiel S.A. 
Published: August 2018

(Lancet 2017;390:2347–2359)
Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, congenital anomalies, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. While optimal glycemic control during pregnancy can improve outcomes, it is difficult to accomplish due to the complexity of insulin dose adjustments, changes in insulin sensitivity, and variability of insulin absorption that all occur during pregnancy. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been successful at improving glycemic control in nonpregnant women but studies in pregnant women have had conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CGM in women with type 1 diabetes who were pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
A Shift in Thinking to Reduce Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis B
Authors: Dusheiko G. 
Published: August 2018

(N Engl J Med. 2018;378:952–953)
In this editorial, the author discusses a recent study regarding the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) prophylaxis and vaccination to help alleviate the increasing disease burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in countries eligible for Global Vaccine Alliance support. In these countries, HBV infection during the neonatal period and childhood remains the leading source of new chronic infections. An estimated 1% of newborns annually (>365,000 newborns) are infected at birth in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the first dose of the vaccine is scheduled to occur at 5 weeks, as per the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), only 48% of countries report actually administering the vaccine at birth.
Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes at Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Frederiksen L.E. , Ernst A. , Brix N. , Braskhøj Lauridsen L.L. , Roos L. , Ramlau-Hansen C.H. , Ekelund C.K. 
Published: August 2018

(Obstet Gynecol 2018;131:457–463)
Previous studies examining associations between advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes have conflicting findings, are inadequately powered, or are prone to bias. The authors of the present study thereby examined the possible associations between advanced maternal age (above 35 y of age) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a large population-based cohort of pregnant women in Denmark, followed from first trimester to delivery or termination of pregnancy. The authors also predicted risk estimates of a composite adverse pregnancy outcome, to identify whether certain groups of parturients are at risk for select adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Rocuronium Versus Suxamethonium for Rapid Sequence Induction of General Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Influence on Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Kosinova M. , Stourac P. , Adamus M. , Seidlova D. , Pavlik T. , Janku P. , Krikava I. , Mrozek Z. , Prochazka M. , Klucka J. , Stoudek R. , Bartikova I. , Harazim H. , Robotkova H. , Hejduk K. , Hodicka Z. , Kirchnerova M. , Francakova J. , Pyszkova L. Obare , Hlozkova J. , Sevcik P. 
Published: August 2018

(Int J Obstet Anesth 2017;32:4–10)
Rocuronium has been considered for use in rapid-sequence induction of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery as an alternative to succinylcholine. No large, randomized trials have investigated neonatal outcomes associated with maternal administration of rocuronium. A previous trial by the same authors as the present study compared rocuronium and succinylcholine for cesarean delivery and found lower Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes for neonates whose mothers were administered rocuronium. However, this was a secondary outcome of the earlier study and was not adequately powered for that outcome. Therefore, the investigators performed this current study with the goal to confirm these findings in a larger sample size.
S100β in Newborns After C-Section With General Versus Epidural Anesthesia: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Xu Z. , Liu Z. , Zhang Y. , Jin C. , Shen F. , Yu Y. , Cheek T. , Onuoha O. , Liang G. , Month R. , Atkins J. , Tran K.M. , Wei H. 
Published: August 2018

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018;62:293–303)
S100β is a sensitive and reliable biomarker that can be used to detect brain damage and hypoxia and ischemia in the fetuses of pregnant patients. In fact, previous studies have demonstrated S100β as a sensitive marker for fetal brain apoptosis, particularly when the fetal brain is exposed to a high concentration of general anesthetic (GA). Although S100β has been well studied in animal models, its effectiveness in human subjects is yet to be confirmed. In the present study, the authors compared the ratio of S100β from umbilical artery to umbilical vein (UA/UV) immediately after delivery of a newborn via cesarean section under either epidural or GA; they hypothesized that S100β would not be increased in cord arterial blood of fetuses exposed briefly to GA when compared with epidural anesthesia (EA).
New Labor Management Guidelines and Changes in Cesarean Delivery Patterns
Authors: Rosenbloom J.I. , Stout M.J. , Tuuli M.G. , Woolfolk C.L. , López J.D. , Macones G.A. , Cahill A.G. 
Published: August 2018

(Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:689.e1–e8)
In 2010 the Consortium on Safe Labor published new labor curves based on contemporary parturients which changed the onset of active labor to 6 cm. The American College of Obstetricians and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine proposed that the cesarean delivery (CD) rate could be lowered by avoiding the diagnosis of arrest of dilation before 6 cm. However, the efficacy of the new labor curves, the extent of their clinical implementation, and their effect on CD rates is still unclear. This study was aimed at testing the following hypotheses: (1) rates of arrest of dilation disorders have decreased in term, low-risk patients and (2) pushing duration before the diagnosis of arrest of descent has increased. In turn, a decrease in CD rates should be observed. Changes in the maternal and neonatal morbidity were also investigated.