bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunofluorescent labeling of CD20 tumor marker with quantum dots for rapid and quantitative detection of diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Shariatifar Hanifeh , Hakhamaneshi Mohammad‐Saeed , Abolhasani Maryam , Ahmadi Fahimeh Haji , Roshani Daem , Nikkhoo Bahram , Abdi Mohammad , Ahmadvand Davoud 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are newfound nanocrystal probes which have been used in bioimaging filed in recent years. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of specific QDs coupled to rituximab monoclonal antibody against CD20 tumor markers for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In current study rituximab‐conjugated quantum dots (QDs‐rituximab) were prepared against CD20 tumor markers for detection of CD20‐positive cells (human Raji cell line) using flowcytometry. A total of 27 tumor tissue samples were collected from patients with DLBCL and 27 subjects with negative pathological tests as healthy ones, which stained by QD‐rituximab. The detection signals were obtained from QDs using fluorescence microscopy. The flowcytometry results demonstrated a remarkable difference in fluorescent intensity and FL2‐H + (CD20‐positive cells percentage) between two groups. Both factors were significantly higher in Raji in comparison with K562 cell line (P < 0.05). Lot of green fluorescence signals was observed due to the selectively binding of QD‐rituximab to CD20 tumor markers which overexpressed in tumor tissues and a few signals observed on the defined healthy ones. Based on these observations the cut‐off point was 46.8 dots and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%, 89.5%, 91.3%, and 100%, respectively (LR+, 9.52; LR−, 0). The QD
‐rituximab could be beneficial as a bioimaging tool with high sensitivity to provide an accurate molecular imaging technique for identifying CD20 tumor markers for early diagnosis of the patients with DLBCL.
Investigation of structural stability and functionality of homodimeric gramicidin towards peptide‐based drug: a molecular simulation approach
Authors: Ganesan Pavithrra , Ramalingam Rajasekaran 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreasing death rates due to antibiotic resistance deteriorate the existing treatment measures. Antimicrobial peptides have turned into the emerging cure for multidrug resistance. However, the stability and functionality determine an antimicrobial peptide as a drug. Analyses of the homodimeric β‐helical peptide, gramicidin have suggested the significant role of gramicidin‐A, gramicidin‐B, and gramicidin‐C as antimicrobial compounds, but the structural basis for understanding the stability and functionality is insufficient to resolve multidrug resistance. To identify the best template among gramicidin types as a therapeutic product, we combined a detailed comparative static analysis and dynamic analysis along with conformational free energy and secondary structure prediction. We observed that the high intramolecular interactions and the geometrical features favored gramicidin‐A among other types of gramicidin. Our analyses further revealed that the secondary structure of gramicidin‐A showed β sheets with coils along the conformations without any disruption, thereby enhanced its membrane interactions in terms of binding free energy. In conclusion, gramicidin‐A has definitely showed enhanced structural stability and functionality; this could be considered the best template for a potential therapeutic product.
A comparison of prenatal muscle transcriptome and proteome profiles between pigs with divergent growth phenotypes
Authors: Shang Peng , Wang Zhixiu , Chamba Yangzom , Zhang Bo , Zhang Hao , Wu Changxin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe growth of pigs is an important economic trait that involves multiple genes and coordinated regulatory mechanisms. The growth rate and potential of skeletal muscles are largely decided by embryonic myofiber development. Tibetan pig (TP) that is a mini‐type breed has a divergent phenotype in growth rate and adult body weight with Wujin pig (WJ) and large White pig (LW). In the current study, the transcriptome (using RNA‐seq) and proteome (using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification [iTRAQ]) data from the prenatal muscle tissues were analyzed to identify the genes related to postnatal growth rate and growth potential in pigs. In the RNA‐seq experiment, 19 626 genes were detected in the embryonic muscle tissues, and 3626 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in TP in comparison to that in LW and WJ. In the iTRAQ experiment, 2474 proteins were detected, and 735 unique differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in TP in comparison to that in LW and WJ. Combining the DEGs and DEPs, 209 genes were found to be differentially expressed, consistently at both the messenger RNA and protein levels, between TP and the other two breeds; these are mainly involved in 2‐oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, citrate cycle, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Of these, 20 genes that were related to myoblast differentiation and muscle fiber formation might have important roles in determining the postnatal growth rate and potential body weight in pigs. Our results provide new candidate genes and insights into the molecular mechanisms involved muscle growth traits in pigs.
MiR‐216b inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting Forkhead Box M1
Authors: Wang Wei , Guo Zijun , Yu Hong , Fan Ling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is considered the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, which has a high rate of mortality in children and adolescents. However, the current treatment methods for OS are ineffective. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to identify the critical targets. This study aimed to identify the roles and significance of microRNA‐216b (miR‐216b) in OS. To explore the cellular and molecular functions of miR‐216b and Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) in OS, the expression of miR‐216b and FoxM1 at the transcriptional level was measured using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Wound healing assay, 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and transwell invasion assay were conducted to study the function of miR‐216b and FoxM1 in OS cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the relationships between miR‐216b and FoxM1. qRT‐PCR results revealed that miR‐216b expression was significantly downregulated, and FoxM1 was observed to be significantly upregulated in human OS cell lines (MG‐63) and tissues. MTT data showed that upregulation of miR‐216b expression led to cell growth inhibition in MG‐63 cells. The results of the invasion assay and wound healing assay illustrated that miR‐216b upregulation or FoxM1 downregulation could inhibit the invasion and migration in MG‐63 cells. In vivo, the tumor volume was significantly decreased by miR‐194 mimic treatment compared with the control group. Furthermore, the results of the luciferase assay indicated that FoxM1 is a direct target of miR‐216b. These findings may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of miR‐216b and FoxM1 in the progression of OS, and suggested that miR‐216b may serve as a potential tumor inhibitor of OS by targeting FoxM1.
The use of bioelectrochemical systems in environmental remediation of xenobiotics: a review
Authors: Fernando Eustace Y , Keshavarz Taj , Kyazze Godfrey 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRemediation of anthropogenic pollutants in our environment has become an imperative of the 21st century in order to sustain human activity and all life on the planet. With the current limitations of the existing technologies for this purpose, the need for innovative bioremediation technologies has become vitally important. Hitherto, electrochemically active microorganisms have only been a scientific curiosity and a platform for sustainable power production from waste material. However, recent research utilizing these electrochemically active microorganisms in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) has revealed their promising potential for bioremediation applications. The primary research focus of BES applications up‐to now has been to optimize and increase their power output. The possibility of utilizing these systems for bioremediation applications has been a new facet of this field of work. This review provides a comprehensive outlook on the utilization of BES based technologies for remediation of xenobiotic environmental pollutants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression and polymorphism of micro-RNA according to body mass index and breast cancer presentation in Tunisian patients
Authors: Belaiba Fadoua , Medimegh Imene , Ammar Meriem , Jemni Feriel , Mezlini Amel , Romdhane Khaled Ben , Cherni Lotfi , Benammar Elgaaïed Amel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRs) constitute a class of small noncoding RNAs implicated in the regulation of gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. A miR can target several mRNAs, being involved in different biologic processes and pathologies. This pleiotropic function might explain the link between diseases co-occurrence. Epigenetic origin of the link between obesity and breast cancer (BC) is investigated in a cohort of Tunisian patients, focusing on polymorphism at germline level (miR-146a) and on expression in mammary tumors (miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-34a), according to body mass index (BMI) and clinico-pathologic features. The measure of miR expression in 60 mammary tumors was realized using quantitative RT-PCR. Study of rs 2910164 in miR-146a was performed by PCR and direct sequencing using blood DNA of 83 affected women and 50 unrelated subjects from Great Tunis. MiR-21, miR-146a, and miR-34a have been quantified in breast tumor according to BMI. MiR-21 is significantly more expressed in tumors of obese women comparatively to nonobese patients. On the contrary, miR-34a is decreased in tumors of obese women. Moreover, in obese BC patients, a significant increase in both miR-21 and miR-146a expression is revealed in cases with lymph node metastasis. The polymorphism at rs 2910164 (miR-146a) locus was not shown as a risk factor for BC. However the mutant CC genotype was revealed to be associated with a risk for bad outcome of the disease. Chronic inflammation in obese women would be linked to aggressive breast tumors via induction of oncomiRs overexpression and decrease of tumor suppressor miRs.
Chronic inflammation in obese women is linked to aggressive breast tumors via induction of oncomiR over-expression and decrease of tumor suppressor miR.
Analyte‐substrate interactions at functionalized tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Molecular mechanisms and applications
Authors: Yao Ya‐Nan , Hu Bin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) commonly uses capillary tip for sample introduction and ionization. In recent years, ESI‐MS using noncapillary substrate tips has attracted growing interest as it allows separation and enrichment of analytes from complex samples due to analytes‐substrate interactions. In this work, model mixtures and functionalized tips were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the analyte‐substrate interactions. The mixtures were directly loaded on substrate tips, and then temporal responses of analytes were investigated by monitoring selected ion chromatogram (SIC) responses of each analyte. It is found that all analytes are sprayed out together when bulk solution loaded substrate surface and then sequential ionization of analytes were observed. Sequential ionization of analytes was affected by the analytes‐substrate interactions which caused analytes of weaker‐interaction to be faster moved and the analytes of stronger‐interactions to be retained on the substrate. The main molecular mechanisms of analyte‐substrate interactions were revealed to be hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, based on the mechanistic insights, functionalized tips were further applied for rapid extractive sampling of target analytes from complex samples with good analytical performances. Overall, this study on the mechanism and applications of analyte‐substrate interactions is useful for understanding the fundamental principles and further developments of functionalized tip electrospray ionization (TESI).
Poor Social Support and Unemployment Are Associated With Negative Affect in Home Parenteral Nutrition–Dependent Patients With Chronic Intestinal Failure
Authors: Ablett Joanne , Vasant Dipesh H. , Taylor Michael , Cawley Cathy , Lal Simon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) provides life‐sustaining treatment for people with chronic intestinal failure (CIF). Poor quality of life is reported in association with the burden of HPN and the underlying condition leading to intestinal failure (IF). However, levels of negative affect (NA), incorporating anxiety and depression, have not been reported in CIF. This study examined the occurrence and risk factors for NA in a large CIF population using the validated Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaires. Methods: A survey pack including HADS and MSPSS were distributed to patients managed by a specialist IF center. Data from these measures were analyzed against factors including underlying disease, length of time receiving HPN, employment status, and demographics. Results: Of 85 patients who completed this study, 56% had clinical levels of anxiety and/or depression. Linear regression analysis confirmed significant correlations between social support and HADS scores, with poorer perceived social support associated with higher levels of NA (−0.26 MSPSS + 33.24; R2 = 0.29; P < .0001). There were also significant associations between unemployment and higher anxiety (P = .004), depression (P = .008), and NA scores (P = .003). By contrast, there were no significant associations between patient age, duration of time receiving parenteral nutrition, pathophysiological mechanisms of CIF, and NA levels. Conclusions: Clinical anxiety and depression are common, affecting more than half of patients with CIF. Patients with poor social networks and those of working age who have ceased employment are particularly vulnerable and should be prioritized for psychological support because of their elevated risk.
Quantification of oleacein and oleuropein aglycone in olive oil using deuterated surrogates by normal‐phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Luque‐Muñoz Antonio , Tapia Ruben , Haidour Ali , Justicia Jose , Cuerva Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn analytical method for the analysis of relevant secoiridoid‐based components in olive oil, oleacein and oleuropein aglycone, is described using for the first time deuterated surrogates. 0.2 g of sample was necessary to perform the analysis using liquid‐liquid extraction and ultrasound‐assisted extraction with a mixture of methanol/water (4:1, v/v). To avoid the formation of by‐products, normal‐phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography was chosen for the chromatographic separation. The selected mobile phase was a gradient mixture of tetrahydrofurane and hexane, and an ACE Excel 3 CN‐ES column as stationary phase. The detection and quantification was performed with a SYNAPT G2‐Si mass spectrometer. The calibration curves for oleacein and oleuropein aglycone were linear and quadratic, respectively. The validation was done at three levels of concentration. Relative errors from 0.1 to 10.5% and relative standard deviations lower than 9% were obtained. The method was applied to study different samples of olive oil.
High intensity focused electromagnetic therapy evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: Safety and efficacy study of a dual tissue effect based non‐invasive abdominal body shaping
Authors: Kinney Brian M. , Lozanova Paula 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThis study introduces an initial evaluation of a novel High‐Intensity Focused Electromagnetic (HIFEM) technology. The primary goal is to quantify any effects the treatments may have on abdominal tissues, as well as to establish hypotheses for future research of this technology.MethodsTwenty‐two patients received four abdominal treatments using the EMSCULPT device (BTL Industries Inc., Boston, MA). Anthropometric evaluations were recorded and digital photographs were taken at baseline, at 2 months, and at 6 months post‐treatments. The MRI without contrast determined by vertertebras T12 and S1 (FIESTA and FSPRG sequences) was used to measure dimensions in coronal cross‐sectional images of abdominal muscle and fatty tissues, in order to assess any anatomical changes induced by the application.ResultsAnalysis of the same MRI slices verified by tissue artefacts showed a statistically significant (allP < 0.0001) average 18.6% reduction of adipose tissue thickness, 15.4% increase in rectus abdominis muscle thickness, and 10.4% reduction in rectus abdominus separation (diastasis recti) as measured from the medial border of the muscle 2 months post‐treatment. More significant improvements were observed in patients with BMI 18.5–24.9 (classified as “normal”). MRI data from 6‐month follow‐up suggest the changes can be preserved in longer term. Tape measurements showed on average 3.8 cm subumbilical circumference reduction. The weight of the subjects did not change significantly (average −0.5 lb;P > 0.05). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsMRI, considered as a highly precise diagnostic method, revealed simultaneous muscle growth, fat reduction and reduced abdominal separation at 2 months and at 6 months post treatments, unrelated with dieting. Further research should investigate the exact physiological processes which stand behind the tissue changes observed in this study. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:40–46, 2019. © 2018 The Authors.Lasers in Surgery and MedicinePublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic Hydrogels from Host–Guest Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Mantooth Siena M. , Munoz‐Robles Brizzia G. , Webber Matthew J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydrogel biomaterials are pervasive in biomedical use. Applications of these soft materials range from contact lenses to drug depots to scaffolds for transplanted cells. A subset of hydrogels is prepared from physical cross‐linking mediated by host–guest interactions. Host macrocycles, the most recognizable supramolecular motif, facilitate complex formation with an array of guests by inclusion in their portal. Commonly, an appended macrocycle forms a complex with appended guests on another polymer chain. The formation of poly(pseudo)rotaxanes is also demonstrated, wherein macrocycles are threaded by a polymer chain to give rise to physical cross‐linking by secondary non‐covalent interactions or polymer jamming. Host–guest supramolecular hydrogels lend themselves to a variety of applications resulting from their dynamic properties that arise from non‐covalent supramolecular interactions, as well as engineered responsiveness to external stimuli. These are thus an exciting new class of materials.
The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer and the microenvironment
Authors: Folkerts Hendrik , Hilgendorf Susan , Vellenga Edo , Bremer Edwin , Wiersma Valerie R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutophagy is a crucial recycling process that is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in cancer initiation, cancer (stem) cell maintenance as well as the development of resistance to cancer therapy in both solid and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, it is being recognized that autophagy also plays a crucial and sometimes opposing role in the complex cancer microenvironment. For instance, autophagy in stromal cells such as fibroblasts contributes to tumorigenesis by generating and supplying nutrients to cancerous cells. Reversely, autophagy in immune cells appears to contribute to tumor‐localized immune responses and among others regulates antigen presentation to and by immune cells. Autophagy also directly regulates T and natural killer cell activity and is required for mounting T‐cell memory responses. Thus, within the tumor microenvironment autophagy has a multifaceted role that, depending on the context, may help drive tumorigenesis or may help to support anticancer immune responses. This multifaceted role should be taken into account when designing autophagy‐based cancer therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of the diverse facets of autophagy in cancer cells and nonmalignant cells in the cancer microenvironment. Second, we will attempt to integrate and provide a unified view of how these various aspects can be therapeutically exploited for cancer therapy.
Transcriptome analysis provides insights into differentially expressed genes and long noncoding RNAs involved in sex‐related differences in Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii)
Authors: Zhang Xin , Shi Jialong , Sun Yulong , Zhu Youfang , Zhang Ziping , Wang Yilei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the next‐generation sequencing technology was used to develop a transcriptome database of gonad and liver from 3‐year‐old male and female Amur sturgeons (Acipenser schrenckii). A total of 139,406 unigenes were generated after the Illumina Hiseq. 2500 sequence and assembled by Trinity. The differential expression analysis between male and female obtained 5,199 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gonad and 457 DEGs in liver. Gene Ontology enrich analysis showed that the specific DEGs of gonad play a dominant role in reproductive processes. Although the specific DEGs of liver indicated their primary responsibility for energy metabolism, the DEGs of liver and gonad co‐own enriched in terms associated with reproduction suggested that liver also plays a role in sex‐related differences in Amur sturgeon. Furthermore, genes related to sex‐related differences were selected to validate among the four different tissues by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). In addition, by trans‐acting analysis, a total of 5,206 putative long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 3,490 target genes of lncRNAs were predicted from gonad and liver. Moreover, several lncRNAs targeting
Mea1,
Piwil1,
Tdrd1,
Nanos2,
Ankrd49, and
ZP3 may have potential regulatory effect related to gametogenesis and gonadal differentiation were identified and validated by qRT‐PCR. These results suggested for the first time that lncRNAs might be one of the effect factors in regulating the differential expression of messenger RNAs associated with sex‐related differences in Amur sturgeon.
Polymer Nanocomposites for Emulsion‐Based Coatings and Adhesives
Authors: Dastjerdi Zahra , Cranston Emily D. , Berry Richard , Fraschini Carole , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmulsion‐based coatings and adhesives are in growing demand due to an increased awareness of health and safety issues arising from solvent‐based polymer manufacturing processes. However, emulsion‐based techniques often require additional development to achieve equal or better application performance compared to solvent‐based processes. The inclusion of nanoparticles in emulsion‐based coatings and adhesives can be considered as a promising means to enhance performance. This paper reviews the current progress on the synthesis of emulsion‐based nanocomposites for coating and adhesive applications and addresses the principles and techniques for nanoparticle dispersions and their inclusion into polymer latexes. The effects of nanoparticle shape and size on the enhancement of nanocomposite properties are also highlighted. Among the reinforcing nanoparticles such as nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), CNCs are promising due to their abundance, nontoxicity, and accessible surface hydroxyl groups, which facilitate their compatibility with polymer latexes via physical and chemical treatments.