bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereovision Co-Registration in Image-Guided Spinal Surgery: Accuracy Assessment Using Explanted Porcine Spines
Authors: Evans Linton , Olson Jonathan D , Cai Yunliang , Fan Xiaoyao , Paulsen Keith D , Roberts David W , Ji Songbai , Lollis S Scott 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Current methods of spine registration for image guidance have a variety of limitations related to accuracy, efficiency, and cost.

OBJECTIVE
To define the accuracy of stereovision-mediated co-registration of a spinal surgical field.

METHODS
A total of 10 explanted porcine spines were used. Dorsal soft tissue was removed to a variable degree. Bone screw fiducials were placed in each spine and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning performed. Stereoscopic images were then obtained using a tracked, calibrated stereoscopic camera system; images were processed, reconstructed, and segmented in a semi-automated manner. A multistart registration of the reconstructed spinal surface with preoperative CT was performed. Target registration error (TRE) in the region of the laminae and facets was then determined, using bone screw fiducials not included in the original registration process. Each spine also underwent multilevel laminectomy, and TRE was then recalculated for varying amounts of bone removal.

RESULTS
The mean TRE of stereovision registration was 2.19 ± 0.69 mm when all soft tissue was removed and 2.49 ± 0.74 mm when limited soft tissue removal was performed. Accuracy of the registration process was not adversely affected by laminectomy.

CONCLUSION
Stereovision offers a promising means of registering an open, dorsal spinal surgical field. In this study, overall mean accuracy of the registration was 2.21 mm, even when bony anatomy was partially obscured by soft tissue or when partial midline laminectomy had been performed.
Effect of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride on Pregnancy Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kalaitzopoulos Dimitrios-Rafail , Chatzistergiou Konstantinos , Amylidi Anna-Lea , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Goulis Dimitrios G. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Methamphetamine hydrochloride is 1 of the most widespread psycho-stimulants in the world. Nevertheless, its effect on pregnant women and their neonates has not been investigated extensively.

Objective:
To systematically review the literature for the effect of methamphetamine exposure during pregnancy to neonatal and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and methods:
A meta-analysis of retrospective, case-control studies was conducted. Inclusion criteria were women who have used methamphetamine during pregnancy, determined by self-report, maternal or neonatal urine test, and/or meconium toxicology, compared with control women not taking methamphetamine. Main study outcomes were gestational age at birth, neonatal characteristics (birth weight, head circumference, body length), and prevalence of gestational hypertensive disorders.

Results:
Eight studies involving 626 women taking methamphetamine during pregnancy and 2626 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnancies complicated by the use of methamphetamine resulted in younger gestational age at birth (mean difference [MD] −0.90 weeks, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.11, −1.69), lower birth weight (MD −245 g, 95% CI −137, −353), head circumference (MD −0.88 cm, 95% CI −0.48, −1.28), body length (MD −0.94 cm, 95% CI −0.55, −1.32), and Apgar score (MD −0.94, 95% CI −0.33, −1.54) compared with control pregnancies. On the contrary, there was no statistical difference on the incidence of pre-eclampsia (risk ratio [RR] 1.77, 95% CI 0.75, 4.14) and hypertensive complications (RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.37, 7.06).

Conclusions:
Use of methamphetamine during pregnancy results in a deterioration of neonatal somatometric characteristics (birth weight, head circumference, body length), but not in excessive pregnancy complications (hypertension).
Ketamine Action in the In Vitro Cortical Slice Is Mitigated by Potassium Channel Blockade
Authors: Voss Logan J. , Karalus Sebastian , Englund Vilhelm , Sleigh James W. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Ketamine is a general anesthetic thought to act by antagonizing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. However, ketamine acts on multiple channels, many of which are potential targets―including hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated and potassium channels. In this study we tested the hypothesis that potassium leak channels contribute to the anesthetic action of ketamine.

Methods
Adult mouse cortical slices (400 µm) were exposed to no-magnesium artificial cerebrospinal fluid to generate seizure-like event activity. The reduction in seizure-like event frequency after exposure to ketamine (n = 14) was quantified as a signature of anesthetic effect. Pharmacologic manipulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated and potassium channels using ZD7288 (n = 11), cesium chloride (n = 10), barium chloride (n = 10), low-potassium (1.5 mM) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (n = 10), and urethane (n = 7) were investigated.

Results
Ketamine reduced the frequency of seizure-like events (mean [SD], –62 [22]%, P < 0.0001). Selective hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel block with ZD7288 did not significantly alter the potency of ketamine to inhibit seizure-like event activity. The inhibition of seizure-like event frequency by ketamine was fully antagonized by the potassium channel blockers cesium chloride and barium chloride (8 [26]% and 39 [58%] increase, respectively, P < 0.0001, compared to ketamine control) and was facilitated by the potassium leak channel opener urethane (–93 [8]%, P = 0.002 compared to ketamine control) and low potassium artificial cerebrospinal fluid (–86 [11]%, P = 0.004 compared to ketamine control).

Conclusions
The results of this study show that mechanisms additional to hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel block are likely to explain the anesthetic action of ketamine and suggest facilitatory action at two-pore potassium leak channels.
Oral Presentations Have a Significantly Higher Publication Rate, But Not Impact Factors, Than Poster Presentations at the International Society for Study of Lumbar Spine meeting
Authors: Ohtori Seiji , Orita Sumihisa , Eguchi Yawara , Aoki Yasuchika , Suzuki Miyako , Kubota Gou , Inage Kazuhide , Shiga Yasuhiro , Abe Koki , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Inoue Masahiro , Kanamoto Hirohito , Norimoto Masaki , Umimura Tomotaka , Furuya Takeo , Masao Koda , Maki Satoshi , Akazawa Tsutomu , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine the publication rate and impact factors (IFs) among all abstracts presented at the 2010 and 2012 meetings of the International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine (ISSLS).

Summary of Background Data.
The publication rate of abstracts presented at overseas meetings was reported to be around 50%. However, the publication rate and IFs of oral and poster presentations made at ISSLS meetings were unclear. Moreover, whether the publication rates and IFs differed for papers associated with oral or poster presentations at ISSLS meetings was unknown.

Methods.
We investigated all 1,126 abstracts (oral, special posters, general posters) presented at ISSLS meetings held between 2010 and 2012. PubMed was searched to identify publications and IFs were determined using journal citation reports. We also compared the publication rates and IFs between oral and poster presentations.

Results.
The overall publication rate was 50.1% for three ISSLS meetings (564 publications/1126 abstracts). The overall publication rate for oral presentations, special posters, and general posters given in the 2010 to 2012 meetings was 62.0%, 48.3, and 46.6%, respectively. Overall, papers related to oral presentations had significantly higher publication rates than those of special and general posters (P = 0.0002). The average IFs of publications associated with abstracts presented at three ISSLS meetings was 2.802 for oral presentations, 2.593 for special posters, and 2.589 for general posters. There were no significant differences in average IFs between oral and poster presentations (P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
The publication rate for abstracts presented at ISSLS meetings was high and similar to publication rates for abstracts presented at other meetings concerning orthopedic and spine research. However, there was no significant difference in IFs between oral and poster presentations, suggesting that abstract evaluations cannot predict IFs of the eventual publication.

Level of Evidence: 4
Clinical Significance of Molecular Micrometastasis in the Sentinel Lymph Node of Early-stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Lafuente-Sanchis Aránzazu , Estors-Guerrero Miriam , Zúñiga Ángel , Martínez-Hernández Néstor J. , Cremades Antonio , Aparisi-Aparisi Francisco , Galbis-Caravajal José M. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Metastatic affectation of lymph node is the main prognostic factor in localized lung cancer. A pathologic study of the obtained samples, even after adequate lymphadenectomy, showed tumor relapses for 20% of stage I patients after oncological curative surgery. We evaluated the prognostic value of molecular micrometastasis in the sentinel lymph node of patients with early-stage lung cancer.

Patients and Methods:
The sentinel node was marked immediately after performing thoracotomy by peritumorally injecting 0.25 mCi of nanocoloid of albumin (Nanocol1) labeled with Tc-99m in 0.3 mL. Guided by a Navigator1 gammagraphic sensor, we proceeded to its resection. The RNA of the tissue was extracted, and the presence of genes CEACAM5, BPIFA1, and CK7 in mRNA was studied. The significant association between the presence of micrometastasis, clinicopathologic characteristics, and patients’ outcome was assessed.

Results:
Eighty-nine stage I-II non–small cell lung cancer patients were included in the study. Of the 89 analyzed sentinel lymph nodes, 44 (49.4%) were positive for CK7, 24 (26.9%) for CEACAM5, and 17 (19.1%) for BPIFA1, whereas 10 (11.2%) were positive for the 3 analyzed genes. A survival analysis showed no significant relation between the presence of molecular micrometastasis in the sentinel node and patients’ progression.

Conclusions:
The molecular analysis of the sentinel node in patients with early-stage lung cancer shows node affectation in cases staged as stage I/II by hematoxylin-eosin or an immunohistochemical analysis. However, this nodal affectation was not apparently related to patients' outcome.
In people living with HIV (PLWH), menopause (natural or surgical) contributes to the greater symptom burden in women: results from an online US survey
Authors: Schnall Rebecca , Jia Haomiao , Olender Susan , Gradilla Melissa , Reame Nancy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective:
The majority of people living with HIV in the United States are now over the age of 50, but symptom burden research has seldom included older women or the potential role of menopause. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of menopause as part of sex differences in HIV symptom burden.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted that included both a sex-based analysis of previously reported HIV symptom characteristics of 1,342 respondents to an online survey (males, n = 957; female, n = 385) and a follow-up online survey of menstrual bleeding patterns (inferred menopause) in eligible females (n = 242) from the respondent pool. Using linear mixed models, we identified predictors of symptom burden scores in female respondents.

Results:
For the most troublesome symptoms assessed in the sex-based analysis, depression scores were similar (P > 0.05), but higher (worse) burden scores for fatigue (P = 0.013) and muscle aches/pains (P = 0.004) were exclusively observed in females after adjusting for covariates. Respondents to the female survey (n = 222) were predominantly Black, heterosexual, nonsmokers, and obese, with an HIV diagnosis of approximately 16 years and at least one comorbid condition. Burden scores were higher in women reporting amenorrhea due to natural menopause or hysterectomy (n = 104) versus the menstruating group (n = 118) for muscle aches/pains (P = 0.05), fatigue (P = 0.03), and difficulty falling asleep (P = 0.04), independent of age, HIV duration, and number of HIV-associated non-AIDS conditions.

Conclusions:
Two of the most common symptoms in people living with HIV—fatigue and muscle aches/joint pains—invoke additional burden in women. Independent of aging, symptom burden may be exacerbated after menopause, supporting a shifting paradigm for HIV care management.
Treatment of Painful Nerves in the Abdominal Wall Using Processed Nerve Allografts
Authors: Bi Andrew , Park Eugene , Dumanian Gregory A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
Neuromas can be a debilitating cause of pain and often negatively affect patients’ quality of life. One effective method of treatment involves surgical resection of the painful neuroma and use of a processed nerve allograft to repair the injured nerve segment. Giving the nerve “somewhere to go and something to do” has been shown to effectively alleviate pain in upper and lower extremities. We present the first report of this concept to treat a painful neuroma of the abdominal wall that developed following a laparoscopic gastric bypass. The neuroma was excised, and the affected nerve was reconstructed using a processed nerve allograft as an interposition graft, with resolution of pain and gradual return of normal sensation. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Neuroma excision with concurrent interposition grafting using processed nerve allografts may be a promising method of treatment for postsurgical painful neuromas of the trunk.
Development of “Core Syllabus” for Facial Anatomy Teaching to Aesthetic Physicians: A Delphi Consensus
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Swift Arthur , Rahman Eqram 
Published: March 2018

Background:
A detailed understanding of facial anatomy, specifically the vascular framework, is crucial for delivering safe nonsurgical aesthetic procedures. To date, there is no core document based on consensus for the teaching of facial anatomy to aesthetic physicians exists. The aim of this study was to ascertain the most critical anatomical structures for avoiding disastrous complications during nonsurgical aesthetic procedures.

Methods:
After a detailed literature review, Delphi questionnaire was developed listing 154 anatomical structures of the face and neck for consensus review. Thirty-five international experts in surgical and nonsurgical facial aesthetics were invited to complete an online survey designed to rank the relevance of each anatomical element on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all important) to 4 (very important) or 5 (no opinion). Consensus for items included in the core syllabus was predefined as achieving a Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.90 and an agreement score of ≥ 80%.

Results:
Thirty-four international experts (97.14%) completed the iterative online Delphi survey. The consensus among the specialists polled was achieved after 1 round of the survey (Cronbach’s α = 0.94). The expert panel reached an agreement score of ≥ 80% on 137 of the 154 anatomical structures listed.

Conclusion:
The outcome of this Delphi study represents an essential first step in systematizing an evidence-based facial anatomy “Core Syllabus” for the teaching of aesthetic physicians and practitioners. This “Core Syllabus” will act as a blueprint for the educators while crafting a program.
A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach to Examine the Effects of mTBI and PTSD Symptoms on ANAM Performance in Recently Deployed Active Duty Soldiers: Results From the Warrior Strong Study
Authors: Betthauser Lisa M. , Brenner Lisa A. , Cole Wesley , Scher Ann I. , Schwab Karen , Ivins Brian J. 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
Service members are frequently diagnosed with comorbid mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder after returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. Little is known about how mTBI in the postacute and chronic phases combined with current posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTS) affects performance on the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Version 4, Traumatic Brain Injury—Military (ANAM4) battery used by the US military. We examined postdeployment ANAM4 performance using conventional statistical methods, as well as rates of poor performance, below established cutoffs (<10th and ≤2nd percentile).

Methods:
A total of 868 soldiers were assessed for history of mTBI during the most recent deployment, as well as, lifetime mTBI, current PTS, and current pain-related symptoms. The ANAM4 was also administered.

Results:
Soldiers with PTS and/or mTBI performed worse on ANAM4 relative to controls with those with both conditions performing worst. However, a nontrivial minority (∼10%-30%) of individuals with mTBI, PTS, or both had scores that were at or below the second percentile.

Conclusion:
Our results illustrate that a combination of mTBI and PTS is associated with worse ANAM4 performance than either condition alone. Furthermore, only a minority of soldiers with any, or both, of the conditions had ANAM deficits. The long-lasting impacts and unique contribution of each condition have yet to be determined.
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN CHOROIDAL AND RETINAL THICKNESSES IN CHILDREN WITH MYOPIC SHIFT
Authors: Jin Peiyao , Zou Haidong , Xu Xun , Chang Ta Chen , Zhu Jianfeng , Deng Junjie , Lv Minzhi , Jin Jiali , Sun Sifei , Wang Ling , He Xiangui 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To elucidate the development of the choroid and retina in children, and to explore changes in these during myopic shift.

Methods:
A total of 118 children aged 7 to 12 years participated in this 1-year longitudinal study. Children underwent several examinations at baseline and follow-up, including cycloplegic refraction, axial length measurement, and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Thickness changes in the choroid and retina were compared among children with or without myopic shift.

Results:
Eighty-eight children (74.6%) developed a myopic shift after 1 year, and their central foveal choroid was significantly attenuated (P < 0.01). No significant change was observed in choroids of children without myopic shift (P = 0.83). Choroidal thickness decreased in all subfields during myopic shift, whereas the thickness of the retinal layers increased or were unchanged in most subfields. Axial length increase and central foveal choroidal thinning were associated with myopic shift (R2 = 0.157, P < 0.01), but axial length increase was not significantly related to choroidal thinning (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Choroidal thinning occurs early in myopic progression. Axial length increase and choroidal thinning are independently associated with myopic shift.
EFFECT OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE–LOWERING MEDICATIONS ON NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN THE COMPARISON OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATMENT TRIALS
Authors: Rahimy Ehsan , Ying Gui-shuang , Pan Wei , Hsu Jason ,   on behalf of the CATT Research Group
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of intraocular pressure-lowering medications on treatment outcomes in the Comparison of AMD Treatments Trials.

Methods:
Secondary analysis of Comparison of AMD Treatments Trials data. Medication logs were reviewed for continuous 2-year use of agents that increased aqueous outflow (Group A: topical prostaglandins) or suppressed aqueous production (Group B: topical beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors). Eyes were excluded if mixed-mechanism intraocular pressure–lowering agents or medications from more than one group were taken. Anatomical and vision responses to treatment at years 1, 2, and over the entire 2-year period in each group were compared with controls (no intraocular pressure–lowering medications).

Results:
Inclusion criteria were met by 28 Group A patients, 19 Group B patients, and 857 controls. After 2 years, the control group had a mean visual acuity improvement of +6.3 letters from baseline, compared with +3.5 letters in Group A (P = 0.38), and +13.8 letters in Group B (P = 0.052). Mean retinal thickness change from baseline was −54.9 μm in controls, −80.6 μm in Group A (P = 0.26), and −96.8 μm in Group B (P = 0.13). Mean total thickness change from baseline was −163 μm in controls, −180 μm in Group A (P = 0.63), and −238 μm in Group B (P = 0.08). In longitudinal analysis with adjustment by their baseline values, anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment drug and regimen, Group B had more visual acuity improvement (difference of 2.6 letters, 95% confidence interval: −3.4–8.5 letters), more reduction in the retinal thickness (−17.9 μm, 95% confidence interval: −36.5 to 0.7 μm), and total thickness from baseline (mean difference of −54.7 μm, 95% confidence interval: −103 to 6.2 μm) compared with the control group.

Conclusion:
Concurrent aqueous suppressant use during anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration was associated with a trend toward greater reductions in retinal and total thickness as well as improved visual outcomes over 2 years. A similar effect was not observed to the same extent with agents that increase aqueous outflow. Because of the small sample size and secondary analysis, these findings must be cautiously interpreted and perhaps serve as a basis for future prospective studies.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Intrauterine Transmission Among Pregnant Women With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Peng Songxu , Wan Zhihua , Liu Tingting , Zhu Huiping , Du Yukai 
Published: March 2018

Goals:
To identify the potential risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) intrauterine transmission and predict the incidence of HBV intrauterine transmission among hepatitis B surface antigen–positive pregnant women with diverse viral load.

Background:
The intrauterine transmission of HBV significantly contributes to the persistence of a high number of patients infected with HBV. However, its risk factors remain unclear.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was performed on hepatitis B surface antigen–positive pregnant women who delivered from June 2012 to December 2016 at Wuhan Medical Care Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, China.

Results:
In total, 1200 women paired with 1219 infants were enrolled. In total, 11 (0.9%) infants were identified with intrauterine transmission. We observed that all infants with intrauterine transmission were born to hepatitis B e antigen–positive mothers who had serum HBV DNA levels >7 log10 copies/mL. Our study suggested that the HBV DNA levels (for each log10 copies/mL increase, odds ratio=5.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-22.43; P=0.019) had independent effects on HBV intrauterine transmission in a multivariate logistic regression model. Moreover, cesarean section (odds ratio=0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.74; P=0.018) was associated with a reduced risk of HBV intrauterine transmission. The predictive rates of intrauterine transmission were 0.06%, 0.50%, 2.81%, 8.89% in infants with maternal HBV DNA levels of 105, 106, 107, 108 copies/mL, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our data confirmed that increasing maternal viral load has the ability to predict intrauterine HBV transmission. Vaginal delivery increased risk of HBV transmission in infants compared with cesarean section. Further studies are warranted to clarify the possible mechanism underlying these associations.