bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memristor‐Based Efficient In‐Memory Logic for Cryptologic and Arithmetic Applications
Authors: Xu Liying , Yuan Rui , Zhu Zhenhua , Liu Keqin , Jing Zhaokun , Cai Yimao , Wang Yu , Yang Yuchao , Huang Ru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs the era of big data dawns, conventional digital computers face increasing difficulties in performance and power efficiency due to their von Neumann architecture, leading to an urgent requirement for computing paradigms that can merge logic and memory. An efficient in‐memory logic approach based on unipolar memristors that is capable of implementing all 16 Boolean logic functions in the same cell in less than 3 logic steps using a thermochemical metallization cell, where the confinement of filament diameter and thus switching location have reduced the threshold voltages and improved the switching uniformity, is experimentally demonstrated. The high efficiency of the logic units allows for the construction of novel encryption hardware in which both the encryption and decryption processes are achieved by memristor logic while the encryption key is also generated from the intrinsic stochasticity of resistive switching. The memristive array is also used to implement the calculation of Hamming distance and 1‐bit binary full adder with high efficiency, thus paving a way for future non‐von Neumann computing architectures.
Steering the Self‐Assembly Outcome of a Single NDI Monomer into Three Morphologically Distinct Supramolecular Assemblies, with Concomitant Change in Supramolecular Polymerization Mechanism
Authors: Markiewicz Grzegorz , Smulders Maarten M. J. , Stefankiewicz Artur R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNoncovalent self‐assembly creates an effective route to highly sophisticated supramolecular polymers with tunable properties. However, the outcome of this assembly process is highly dependent on external conditions. In this work, a monomeric naphthalene diimide (NDI), designed to allow solubility in a wide range of solvents, can assemble into three distinct noncovalent supramolecular species depending on solvent composition and temperature. Namely, while the self‐assembly in chlorinated solvents yields relatively short, hydrogen‐bonded nanotubes, the reduction of solvent polarity changes the assembly outcome, yielding π–π stacking polymers, which can further bundle into a more complex aggregate. The obtained polymers differ not only in their global morphology but—more strikingly—also in the thermodynamics and kinetics of their supramolecular self‐assembly, involving isodesmic or two‐stage cooperative assembly with kinetic hysteresis, respectively. Ultimately, three distinct assembly states can be accessed in a single experiment.
Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Network‐Assisted Regioselective Trifluoromethylthiolation and Sulfenylation of Electron‐Rich (Hetero)arenes
Authors: Liu Shiwen , Zeng Xiaojun , Xu Bo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have developed an efficient and straightforward hydrogen‐bonding‐network‐assisted regioselective sulfenylation and trifluoromethylthiolation of electron‐rich arenes using the electrophilic SCF3 reagent and N‐thiosuccinimides. This catalyst‐free protocol offers good yields for a wide range of arenes and shows good functional group tolerance without any protecting groups.
Influence of poly(acrylic acid) grafting density on switchable protein adsorption/desorption of poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline)/poly(acrylic acid) mixed brushes
Authors: Gong Kai , Pan Chao , He Kang , Zhu Haikun , Chen Lijuan , Hou Mingxin , Wang Yanmei 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(dopamine) is employed as an anchor to obtain a series of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMOXA) mixed brush coatings by sequential grafting to methods with PAA chains longer than PMOXA chains. Then, the prepared mixed brush coatings are rigorously characterized. The results show that the grafting density of PAA in mixed brushes could be well adjusted by changing the concentration of PAA solution used for the preparation of mixed brush coatings and the amounts of lysozyme adsorbed on PMOXA/PAA mixed brushes increase with increasing the grafting density of PAA chains while the desorption amounts decrease significantly when the grafting density of PAA is higher than one‐half of PMOXA chains. When the grafting density of PAA is about one‐half of PMOXA chains, the mixed brush could absorb high amounts of lysozyme (898.4 ng cm−2), and then more than 90% of adsorbed proteins could be released sharply by changing pH and ionic strength (I). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48135.
Microsatellite markers for Saussurea polylepis (Asteraceae), a vulnerable continental island species endemic to Korea
Authors: Yun Seon A , Kim Seung‐Chul 
Published: June 2019

PremiseNuclear microsatellite markers were developed for Saussurea polylepis (Asteraceae), a vulnerable species with very limited distribution in a few southwestern continental islands of the Korean peninsula, in order to facilitate future population genetic studies.Methods and ResultsBased on the Illumina sequence data, a total of 21 microsatellite primer pairs were designed and tested for their suitability. Nineteen of these primers, with two to 11 alleles per locus, were polymorphic in three natural populations of S. polylepis. The levels of expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.842 and 0.000 to 0.933, respectively. Sixteen of these simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were successfully cross‐amplified in five congeneric species, namely S. gracilis, S. grandifolia, and S. tanakae for all 21 loci, and S. maximowiczii and S. pulchella for 18 loci.ConclusionsThe SSR markers developed here will be useful for future population genetic studies on S. polylepis and related species.
RETRACTED: Furowanin A Exhibits Antiproliferative and Pro‐Apoptotic Activities by Targeting Sphingosine Kinase 1 in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Wei Ke , Sun Haixia , Chen Xinhui , Chen Qiwang , Li Yuehong , Wu Haihao 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTOsteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant bone tumors among children and young adults. Furowanin A (Fur A), one of the active ingredients of Millettia pachycarpa Benth, has been found to exert pro‐apoptotic activity in human leukemia cells. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of Fur A against OS. The effect of Fur A on cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were performed to determine the protein and mRNA level of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), respectively. To validate the role of SphK1 in the pro‐apoptotic activity of Fur A, overexpressing SphK1 vector and siRNA targeting SphK1 were utilized to transfect OS cells. Moreover, an OS xenograft murine model was used to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of Fur A in vivo. Fur A treatment led to a dose‐dependent decrease in the number of viable cells. It also exhibited antiproliferative activity and significantly promoted apoptotic cell death in OS cell lines. Our results showed that the anticancer activity of Fur A was associated with downregulation of SphK1 and inactivation of its downstream signaling. The mediatory role of SphK1 was validated when the pro‐apoptotic activity of Fur A was significantly blocked by SphK1 overexpression, while SphK1 knockdown sensitized the OS cells to Fur A. We concluded that Fur A can exhibit anti‐growth and pro‐apoptotic activities in vitro and in vivo in OS by downregulating SphK1. Our study highlights the possibility of utilizing Fur A as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of OS. Anat Rec, 302:1941–1949, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Histochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Developing Gonial Bone With Reference to Initial Ossification of the Malleus and Reduction of Meckel's Cartilage in Mice
Authors: Shibata Shunichi , Takahashi Masato , Fujikawa Kaoru 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDevelopment of mouse gonial bone and initial ossification process of malleus were investigated. Before the formation of the gonial bone, the osteogenic area expressing alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 mRNA was widely recognized inferior to Meckel's cartilage. The gonial bone was first formed within the perichondrium at E16.0 via intramembranous ossification, surrounded the lower part of Meckel's cartilage, and then continued to extend anteriorly and medially until postnatal day (P) 3.0. At P0, multinucleated chondroclasts started to resorb the mineralized cartilage matrix with ruffled borders at the initial ossification site of the malleus (most posterior part of Meckel's cartilage). Almost all CD31‐positive capillaries did not run through the gonial bone but entered the cartilage through the site where the gonial bone was not attached, indicating the forms of the initial ossification site of the malleus are similar to those at the secondary ossification center rather than the primary ossification center in the long bone. Then, the reducing process of the posterior part of Meckel's cartilage with extending gonial bone was investigated. Numerous tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive mononuclear cells invaded the reducing Meckel's cartilage, and the continuity between the malleus and Meckel's cartilage was completely lost by P3.5. Both the cartilage matrix and the perichondrium were degraded, and they seemed to be incorporated into the periosteum of the gonial bone. The tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles were attached to the ligament extending from the gonial bone. These findings indicated that the gonial bone has multiple functions and plays important roles in cranial formation. Anat Rec, 302:1916–1933, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Extra‐Framework Aluminum Species of Zeolite that Surrogate the Growth of Metal Organic Framework from Zeolite Matrix
Authors: Rani Poonam , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConstructing a robust hybrid material with a porous inorganic and a porous organic framework is highly intriguing owing to its diverse functionality and porosity. However, the line of synthesis is not straightforward, since their nucleation and crystal growth processes are incompatible. Here, a simple method for the fabrication of hybrid zeolite/metal–organic framework of different framework structures is developed wherein the less‐useful extra‐framework aluminum species present in the zeolite surrogate the growth of metal organic framework (MOF) from the zeolite matrix in the presence of organic linkers of the corresponding MOF. An NMR study confirms that all the octahedral Al species are converted to Al‐MOF. TGA analysis shows that 32 % Al of H‐Beta is converted to Al‐MOF. Furthermore, NH3 TPD analysis shows that most of the weak acid sites disappear but strong acid sites are preserved suggesting the utilization of weakly bound Al species of H‐Beta in the growth of Al‐MOF. The synthesis strategy is successfully demonstrated using H‐Beta, H‐ZSM‐5, and H‐Y zeolites for the growth of MIL‐53 and MIL‐96 MOFs from the zeolite matrix. This synthesis strategy enables application‐based engineering of the framework structures, functionality, and porosity of the materials.
Spatial distribution characteristics of tumor marker CA724 reference values in China
Authors: Jing Jing , Ge Miao , Yang Ziqi , Li Peng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectsThis study aims to explore the Cancer antigen 724 (CA724) reference values spatial distribution characteristics in healthy Chinese adults. The study can provide regional reference for medical diagnosis.Study DesignThe relationship between CA724 and 25 geographical environmental factors was analyzed firstly. Artificial neural network simulation training was used to construct the prediction model. The national forecast distribution map of the CA724 reference values was obtained by the geostatistical mapping method. Analyzing and exploring the influence mechanism of geographical environment factors on CA724 reference values.MethodsCollecting 34470 cases from more than 106 cities healthy adults CA724 reference values via several paper databases in 10 recent years. Correlation analysis, RBF artificial neural networks and trend surface analysis were applied to explore if there was any tendency of spatial variation. The Kriging interpolation of geostatistical analysis was developed to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of the CA724 reference values.ResultsThe distribution of CA724 reference values of Chinese healthy adults shows a downward trend from south to north. CA724 reference values have negative correlations with latitude, annual sunshine duration and topsoil cation exchange capacity in clay. CA724 have positive correlations with annual mean air temperature, annual mean relative humidity, and annual precipitation amount. High temperature and high humidity environment will reduce gastrointestinal function and breeze various mold bacteria. Lack of sunshine can easily lead to vitamin C deficiency in the body. These will increase the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases and gastric cancer, then increase the CA724 value.ConclusionCA724 reference values show spatial autocorrelation and regional variation. There are some geographical environment factors effected Chinese healthy adults CA724 reference values. Geographic factors such as sunshine, temperature, and humidity have effects on CA724 reference values can provide new ideas and directions of prevention and clinical diagnosis in the future.
“Highlighting” red nuclei by atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vaysman Tetyana , Xu Prissilla , Vartanian Tara , Michalak Peter , Pike Kesley , Liu Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis is a case report in which a patient with SLE had a brainstem variant of PRES, and MRI demonstrated atypical distribution of FLAIR hyperintensity in the thalami and the midbrain sparing the red nuclei bilaterally (Figure 1). This impressive lesion pattern may reveal the disease mechanisms of PRES in patients with SLE.
Pseudohyperphosphatemia in a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma after bone marrow transplantation: A case report
Authors: Kritmetapak Kittrawee , Dumrongsukit Sophon , Jinchai Jittirat , Wongprommek Panibud 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPseudohyperphosphatemia is a laboratory artifact characterized by falsely elevated serum phosphate mostly due to paraprotein interference on the conventional automated analyzer. Clinician recognition of this phenomenon and pre‐analytical preparation, including dilution or protein precipitation, can obviate unnecessary therapy and potentially unveil the diagnosis of paraproteinemia especially related to multiple myeloma.
Unique Half Embedded/Exposed PdFeCu/C Interfacial Nanoalloy as High‐Performance Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Jyoti Borah Biraj , Saikia Himadri , Goswami Chiranjita , Kashyap Hazarika Kumar , Yamada Yusuke , Bharali Pankaj 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDesign of high‐performance non‐Pt electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications is greatly anticipated. Herein, we have developed a unique half‐embedded and half‐exposed interfacial PdFeCu nanoalloy anchored onto carbon matrix. The stable electronic coupling between the carbon matrix and PdFeCu nanoalloy possess very fast interfacial electron transfer which in turn enhances the electron conductivity. This makes the trimetallic nanoalloy high performing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst in both basic and acidic media. The PdFeCu/C nanoalloy exhibits enhanced electrochemically active surface area than various PdFe/C bimetallics as well as benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C and Pd/C. As a result, it offers larger active sites for ORR and eased the electron transport during the electrocatalysis. It exhibits 1.5‐ and 2.4‐fold higher mass activity in comparison to the Pt/C and Pd/C. Furthermore, it exhibits long‐term stability and low onset potential compared to those of the other catalysts. Thus, the present investigation shows potential strategy for the design and synthesis of Pt‐free electrocatalyst with remarkable catalytic activity and stability.
An Alternative Carbon Carrier in Green Preparation of Efficient Gold/Carbon Catalyst for Acetylene Hydrochlorination
Authors: Lai Huixia , Wang Bolin , Yue Yuxue , Sheng Gangfeng , Wang Saisai , Feng Feng , Zhang Qunfeng , Zhao Jia , Li Xiaonian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAu catalysts supported with carbon‐based carriers have been extensively studied for the hydrochlorination of acetylene and expected to replace toxic mercury catalysts. However, removal of the highly corrosive aqua regia used in the preparation of carbon‐based catalysts while maintaining catalytic activity and stability remains a key challenge. Herein, we present a green technology carrier, activated carbon fibers (ACF), to support gold catalysts for the hydrochlorination of acetylene. TPD and XPS analyses confirmed the presence of surface oxygen‐containing functional groups (SOGs) and pyrrolic N species on the ACF. The Au/ACF−H2O catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity and stability than Au/ROX0.8(AQ)−H2O. Characterization results revealed that the catalytic properties of Au/ACF−H2O could be attributed to the anchoring and stabilization of gold active species on the SOGs, leading to atomic dispersion, and to the improvement of HCl adsorption with the synergistic effect of electron‐donating pyrrolic N groups. The results indicated that usage of this green carrier can be considered as the a new approach to reduce or eliminate the use of strong oxidizing reagents in the preparation of Au catalysts.
Phase and Vacancy Modulation in Tungsten Oxide: Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Sharma Lalita , Kumar Pawan , Halder Aditi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDefects in crystal structures often contribute to an increase in the number of catalytically active sites and, in turn, enhance the electrochemical performances. In the present work, we modulate the phase transition of tungsten oxide from hexagonal to the monoclinic by tuning annealing conditions in vacuum environment. This phase transition also accompanies the incorporation of oxygen vacancies in crystal structures. WO3‐x annealed at 550 °C (Vac‐550) shows a transition from heaxagonal to monoclinic with superior hydrogen evolution activity, exhibiting a Tafel slope of only 30 mV/dec, which is comparable that of commercial Pt/C. XRD, in situ TEM, EPR, and XPS analysis provide detailed insights into the structural transition as well as oxygen vacancy concentration of the annealed WO3‐x samples in a vacuum environment. This work paves the way towards a generalized methodology for enhancing electrochemical activity by the vacancy modulation in transition‐metal oxides.
Connections of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus with the habenular‐interpeduncular‐raphe system
Authors: Bueno Debora , Lima Leandro B. , Souza Rudieri , Gonçalves Luciano , Leite Fernanda , Souza Stefani , Furigo Isadora C. , Donato Jose , Metzger Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) is a hindbrain cholinergic cell group thought to be involved in mechanisms of arousal and the control of midbrain dopamine cells. Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that LDTg is also engaged in mechanisms of anxiety/fear and promotion of emotional arousal under adverse conditions. Interestingly, LDTg appears to be connected with other regulators of aversive motivational states, including the lateral habenula (LHb), medial habenula (MHb), interpeduncular nucleus (IP), and median raphe nucleus (MnR). However, the circuitry between these structures has hitherto not been systematically investigated. Here, we placed injections of retrograde or anterograde tracers into LDTg, LHb, IP, and MnR. We also examined the transmitter phenotype of LDTg afferents to IP by combining retrograde tracing with immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization techniques. We found LHb inputs to LDTg mainly emerging from the medial division of the LHb (LHbM), which also receives axonal input from LDTg. The bidirectional connections between IP and LDTg displayed a lateralized organization, with LDTg inputs to IP being predominantly GABAergic or cholinergic and mainly directed to the contralateral IP. Moreover, we disclosed reciprocal LDTg connections with structures involved in the modulation of hippocampal theta rhythm including MnR, nucleus incertus, and supramammillary nucleus. Our findings indicate that the habenula is linked with LDTg either by direct reciprocal projections from/to LHbM or indirectly via the MHb‐IP axis, supporting a functional role of LDTg in the regulation of aversive behaviors, and further characterizing LHb as a master controller of ascending brainstem state‐setting modulatory projection systems.
Optical Spectra and Fluorescence Quenching in Azaacenes Bearing Five‐Membered Rings
Authors: Hodecker Manuel , Ganschow Michael , Abu‐Odeh Mahmud , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Dreuw Andreas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOptical absorption and emission properties as well as fluorescence quenching via introduction of an additional unsaturated five‐membered ring in some azaacenes are investigated computationally. It is shown that non‐radiative decay via conical intersections or intersystem crossing is rather unlikely. Instead, the additional double bond alters the electronic structure of the first excited singlet state, turning it into a dark state with long lifetime and hence low fluorescence rate, that cannot be seen anymore with the naked eye.
Selective Transformation of CO2 and H2 into Lower Olefins over In2O3‐ZnZrOx/SAPO‐34 Bifunctional Catalysts
Authors: Dang Shanshan , Li Shenggang , Yang Chengguang , Chen Xinqing , Li Xiaopeng , Zhong Liangshu , Gao Peng , Sun Yuhan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBecause lower olefins (C2=–C4=) are important bulk petrochemicals, their direct production from CO2 hydrogenation is highly attractive. However, the selectivity towards C2=–C4= by the modified Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is restricted to 56.7 % with high undesired methane selectivity. Here, a series of bifunctional catalysts containing In2O3‐ZnZrOx oxides and various SAPO‐34 zeolites with different crystal sizes (0.4–1.5 μm) and pore structures was developed for the production of lower olefins by CO2 hydrogenation. The C2=–C4= selectivity reached as high as 85 % among all hydrocarbons with very low CH4 selectivity of only 1 % at a CO2 conversion of 17 %. This demonstrated that the small crystal size, hierarchical pore structure, and appropriate amount of Brønsted acid sites of SAPO‐34 endowed the bifunctional catalysts with high C2=–C4= selectivity. This work shows an efficient way for developing bifunctional catalysts for direct CO2 hydrogenation to lower olefins.