bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of laser plasma accelerated electrons for light sources
Authors: André T. , Andriyash I. A. , Loulergue A. , Labat M. , Roussel E. , Ghaith A. , Khojoyan M. , Thaury C. , Valléau M. , Briquez F. , Marteau F. , Tavakoli K. , N’Gotta P. , Dietrich Y. , Lambert G. , Malka V. , Benabderrahmane C. , Vétéran J. , Chapuis L. , El Ajjouri T. , Sebdaoui M. , Hubert N. , Marcouillé O. , Berteaud P. , Leclercq N. , El Ajjouri M. , Rommeluère P. , Bouvet F. , Duval J. -P. , Kitegi C. , Blache F. , Mahieu B. , Corde S. , Gautier J. , Ta Phuoc K. , Goddet J. P. , Lestrade A. , Herbeaux C. , Évain C. , Szwaj C. , Bielawski S. , Tafzi A. , Rousseau P. , Smartsev S. , Polack F. , Dennetière D. , Bourassin-Bouchet C. , De Oliveira C. , Couprie M.-E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWith gigaelectron-volts per centimetre energy gains and femtosecond electron beams, laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is a promising candidate for applications, such as ultrafast electron diffraction, multistaged colliders and radiation sources (betatron, compton, undulator, free electron laser). However, for some of these applications, the beam performance, for example, energy spread, divergence and shot-to-shot fluctuations, need a drastic improvement. Here, we show that, using a dedicated transport line, we can mitigate these initial weaknesses. We demonstrate that we can manipulate the beam longitudinal and transverse phase-space of the presently available LWFA beams. Indeed, we separately correct orbit mis-steerings and minimise dispersion thanks to specially designed variable strength quadrupoles, and select the useful energy range passing through a slit in a magnetic chicane. Therefore, this matched electron beam leads to the successful observation of undulator synchrotron radiation after an 8 m transport path. These results pave the way to applications demanding in terms of beam quality.
Recurrent lower respiratory illnesses among young children in rural Kyrgyzstan: overuse of antibiotics and possible under-diagnosis of asthma. A qualitative FRESH AIR study
Authors: Østergaard Marianne Stubbe , Kjærgaard Jesper , Kristensen Mette Marie , Reventlow Susanne , Poulsen Anja , Isaeva Elvira , Akylbekov Azamat , Sooronbaev Talant 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLower respiratory tract illnesses (LRT-illnesses) in children under 5 years (U5s) are a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalisations and mortality worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. It is pertinent to understand possible inconsistent management. This study explored perceptions and practices among caregivers and health professionals on recurrent LRT-illnesses in U5s. Semi-structured interviews with 13 caregivers to U5s with recurrent LRT-illnesses and with 22 primary care health professional interviews in two rural provinces in Kyrgyzstan were triangulated. Data were thematically analysed. The majority (8/13) of caregivers described their young children as having recurrent coughing, noisy breathing and respiratory distress of whom several had responded positively to acute salbutamol and/or had been repeatedly hospitalised for LRT-illness. Family stress and financial burdens were significant. The health professionals classified young children with recurrent LRT-illnesses primarily with pneumonia and/or a multitude of bronchitis diagnoses. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive medicine were used repeatedly, prescribed by health professionals or purchased un-prescribed by the caregivers at the pharmacy. The health professionals had never applied the asthma diagnosis to U5s nor had they prescribed inhaled steroids, and none of the interviewed caregivers’ U5s were diagnosed with asthma. Health professionals and caregivers shared a common concern for the children’s recurrent respiratory illnesses developing into a severe chronic pulmonary condition, including asthma. In conclusion, the study identified an inconsistent management of LRT-illnesses in U5s, with exorbitant use of antibiotics and an apparently systemic under-diagnosis of asthma/wheeze. When the diagnosis asthma is not used, the illness is not considered as a long-term condition, requiring preventer/controller medication.
Hydrogel-based scaffolds to support intrathecal stem cell transplantation as a gateway to the spinal cord: clinical needs, biomaterials, and imaging technologies
Authors: Oliveira J. Miguel , Carvalho Luisa , Silva-Correia Joana , Vieira Sílvia , Majchrzak Malgorzata , Lukomska Barbara , Stanaszek Luiza , Strymecka Paulina , Malysz-Cymborska Izabela , Golubczyk Dominika , Kalkowski Lukasz , Reis Rui L. , Janowski Miroslaw , Walczak Piotr 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe prospects for cell replacement in spinal cord diseases are impeded by inefficient stem cell delivery. The deep location of the spinal cord and complex surgical access, as well as densely packed vital structures, question the feasibility of the widespread use of multiple spinal cord punctures to inject stem cells. Disorders characterized by disseminated pathology are particularly appealing for the distribution of cells globally throughout the spinal cord in a minimally invasive fashion. The intrathecal space, with access to a relatively large surface area along the spinal cord, is an attractive route for global stem cell delivery, and, indeed, is highly promising, but the success of this approach relies on the ability of cells (1) to survive in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), (2) to adhere to the spinal cord surface, and (3) to migrate, ultimately, into the parenchyma. Intrathecal infusion of cell suspension, however, has been insufficient and we postulate that embedding transplanted cells within hydrogel scaffolds will facilitate reaching these goals. In this review, we focus on practical considerations that render the intrathecal approach clinically viable, and then discuss the characteristics of various biomaterials that are suitable to serve as scaffolds. We also propose strategies to modulate the local microenvironment with nanoparticle carriers to improve the functionality of cellular grafts. Finally, we provide an overview of imaging modalities for in vivo monitoring and characterization of biomaterials and stem cells. This comprehensive review should serve as a guide for those planning preclinical and clinical studies on intrathecal stem cell transplantation.
A systems pharmacology-oriented discovery of a new therapeutic use of the TCM formula Liuweiwuling for liver failure
Authors: Wang Jia-bo , Cui He-rong , Wang Rui-lin , Zhang Cong-en , Niu Ming , Bai Zhao-fang , Xu Gen-hua , Li Peng-yan , Jiang Wen-yan , Han Jing-jing , Ma Xiao , Cai Guang-ming , Li Rui-sheng , Zhang Li-ping , Xiao Xiao-he 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMultiple components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae determine their treatment targets for multiple diseases as opposed to a particular disease. However, discovering the unexplored therapeutic potential of a TCM formula remains challenging and costly. Inspired by the drug repositioning methodology, we propose an integrated strategy to feasibly identify new therapeutic uses for a formula composed of six herbs, Liuweiwuling. First, we developed a comprehensive systems approach to enrich drug compound-liver disease networks to analyse the major predicted diseases of Liuweiwuling and discover its potential effect on liver failure. The underlying mechanisms were subsequently predicted to mainly attribute to a blockade of hepatocyte apoptosis via a synergistic combination of multiple effects. Next, a classical pharmacology experiment was designed to validate the effects of Liuweiwuling on different models of fulminant liver failure induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS) or thioacetamide (TAA). The results indicated that pretreatment with Liuweiwuling restored liver function and reduced lethality induced by GalN/LPS or TAA in a dose-dependent manner, which was partially attributable to the abrogation of hepatocyte apoptosis by multiple synergistic effects. In summary, the integrated strategy discussed in this paper may provide a new approach for the more efficient discovery of new therapeutic uses for TCM formulae.
Intentional communication between wild bonnet macaques and humans
Authors: Deshpande Adwait , Gupta Shreejata , Sinha Anindya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractComparative studies of nonhuman communication systems could provide insights into the origins and evolution of a distinct dimension of human language: intentionality. Recent studies have provided evidence for intentional communication in different species but generally in captive settings. We report here a novel behaviour of food requesting from humans displayed by wild bonnet macaques Macaca radiata, an Old World cercopithecine primate, in the Bandipur National Park of southern India. Using both natural observations and field experiments, we examined four different behavioural components—coo-calls, hand-extension gesture, orientation, and monitoring behaviour—of food requesting for their conformity with the established criteria of intentional communication. Our results suggest that food requesting by bonnet macaques is potentially an intentionally produced behavioural strategy as all the food requesting behaviours except coo-calls qualify the criteria for intentionality. We comment on plausible hypotheses for the origin and spread of this novel behavioural strategy in the study macaque population and speculate that the cognitive precursors for language production may be manifest in the usage of combination of signals of different modalities in communication, which could have emerged in simians earlier than in the anthropoid apes.
Effects of high pressure on the electrical resistivity and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline SnO
2
Authors: Shen Wenshu , Ou Tianji , Wang Jia , Qin Tianru , Zhang Guozhao , Zhang Xin , Han Yonghao , Ma Yanzhang , Gao Chunxiao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe electrical transport and structural properties of tin oxide nanoparticles under compression have been studied by in situ impedance measurements and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) up to 27.9 GPa. It was found that the conduction of SnO2 can be improved significantly with compression. Abnormal variations in resistivity, relaxation frequency, and relative permittivity were observed at approximately 12.3 and 25.0 GPa, which can be attributed to pressure-induced tetragonal- orthorhombic-cubic structural transitions. The dielectric properties of the SnO2 nanoparticles were found to be a function of pressure, and the dielectric response was dependent on frequency and pressure. The dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increasing frequency. Relaxation-type dielectric behaviour dominated at low frequencies. Whereas, modulus spectra indicated that charge carrier short-range motion dominated at high frequencies.
Diffuse Myocardial Injuries are Present in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Clinical Study Using Myocardial T1-mapping Quantification
Authors: Yao Zhi , Gao Xia , Liu Min , Chen Zhe , Yang Ning , Jia Yu-Mei , Feng Xiao-Meng , Xu Yuan , Yang Xin-Chun , Wang Guang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) is a common disorder that may represent early thyroid dysfunction and is related to adverse cardiovascular events. However, myocardial injuries induced by SHT are difficult to detect. Our previous study demonstrated that the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial longitudinal relaxation time (T1) mapping technique is a useful tool for assessing diffuse myocardial injuries in overt hypothyroidism patients. This study was designed to detect whether diffuse myocardial injuries were present in SHT by using the T1 mapping technique. We found that SHT participants had significantly increased native T1 values within four segments of the left ventricle (all p < 0.01), especially patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels ≥10 µIU/mL, compared with those in the controls. In addition, the native T1 values were negatively correlated with free thyroxine (FT4) (r = −0.476, p = 0.003) and were positively correlated with TSH (r = 0.489, p = 0.002). Furthermore, left ventricular diastolic function estimated by the peak filling rate (PFR) was significantly lower in patients with TSH levels ≥10 µIU/mL than that in the controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, diffuse myocardial injuries were present in SHT, and T1 mapping may be a useful tool for evaluating mild myocardial injuries in SHT at an early stage. Our study is the first to confirm myocardial injuries in SHT patients using T1 mapping.
Crotamine induces browning of adipose tissue and increases energy expenditure in mice
Authors: Marinovic Marcelo P. , Campeiro Joana D. , Lima Sunamita C. , Rocha Andrea L. , Nering Marcela B. , Oliveira Eduardo B. , Mori Marcelo A. , Hayashi Mirian A. F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCrotamine, originally isolated from rattlesnake venom, has been extensively studied due to its pleiotropic biological properties, and special attention has been paid to its antitumor activity. However, long-term treatment with crotamine was accompanied by a reduction in animal body weight gain and by increases in glucose tolerance. As cancer is commonly associated with cachexia, to preclude the possible cancer cachexia-like effect of crotamine, herein this polypeptide was administered in healthy wild-type C57/BL6 mice by the oral route daily, for 21 days. Reduced body weight gain, in addition to decreased white adipose tissue (WAT) and increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass were observed in healthy animals in the absence of tumor. In addition, we observed improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity, accompanied by a reduction of plasma lipid levels and decreased levels of biomarkers of liver damage and kidney disfunctions. Importantly, long-term treatment with crotamine increased the basal metabolic ratein vivo, which was consistent with the increased expression of thermogenic markers in BAT and WAT. Interestingly, cultured brown adipocyte cells induced to differentiation in the presence of crotamine also showed increases in some of these markers and in lipid droplets number and size, indicating increased brown adipocyte maturation.
LFP beta amplitude is linked to mesoscopic spatio-temporal phase patterns
Authors: Denker Michael , Zehl Lyuba , Kilavik Bjørg E. , Diesmann Markus , Brochier Thomas , Riehle Alexa , Grün Sonja 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBeta oscillations observed in motor cortical local field potentials (LFPs) recorded on separate electrodes of a multi-electrode array have been shown to exhibit non-zero phase shifts that organize into planar waves. Here, we generalize this concept to additional classes of salient patterns that fully describe the spatial organization of beta oscillations. During a delayed reach-to-grasp task we distinguish planar, synchronized, random, circular, and radial phase patterns in monkey primary motor and dorsal premotor cortices. We observe that patterns correlate with the beta amplitude (envelope): Coherent planar/radial wave propagation accelerates with growing amplitude, and synchronized patterns are observed at largest amplitudes. In contrast, incoherent random or circular patterns are observed almost exclusively when beta is strongly attenuated. The occurrence probability of a particular pattern modulates with behavioral epochs in the same way as beta amplitude: Coherent patterns are more present during movement preparation where amplitudes are large, while incoherent phase patterns are dominant during movement execution where amplitudes are small. Thus, we uncover a trigonal link between the spatial arrangement of beta phases, beta amplitude, and behavior. Together with previous findings, we discuss predictions on the spatio-temporal organization of precisely coordinated spiking on the mesoscopic scale as a function of beta power.
Urban and nomadic isotopic niches reveal dietary connectivities along Central Asia’s Silk Roads
Authors: Hermes Taylor R. , Frachetti Michael D. , Bullion Elissa A. , Maksudov Farhod , Mustafokulov Samariddin , Makarewicz Cheryl A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ancient ‘Silk Roads’ formed a vast network of trade and exchange that facilitated the movement of commodities and agricultural products across medieval Central Asia via settled urban communities and mobile pastoralists. Considering food consumption patterns as an expression of socio-economic interaction, we analyse human remains for carbon and nitrogen isotopes in order to establish dietary intake, then model isotopic niches to characterize dietary diversity and infer connectivity among communities of urbanites and nomadic pastoralists. The combination of low isotopic variation visible within urban groups with isotopic distinction between urban communities irrespective of local environmental conditions strongly suggests localized food production systems provided primary subsistence rather than agricultural goods exchanged along trade routes. Nomadic communities, in contrast, experienced higher dietary diversity reflecting engagements with a wide assortment of foodstuffs typical for mobile communities. These data indicate tightly bound social connectivity in urban centres pointedly funnelled local food products and homogenized dietary intake within settled communities, whereas open and opportunistic systems of food production and circulation were possible through more mobile lifeways.
Association between serum uric acid and cardiovascular risk in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic individuals: The Taiwan I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study
Authors: Chang Chun-Chin , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Liu Li-Kuo , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Kuo Chin-Sung , Huang Po-Hsun , Chen Liang-Kung , Lin Shing-Jong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSerum uric acid level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether it is an independent risk factor or not remains controversial. We analyzed the association between serum uric acid level and cardiovascular risk. In total, 973 nonhypertensive and nondiabetic participants in the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study were eligible for this study. Subjects were divided into tertiles according to uric acid levels. The 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated using Framingham risk score (FRS). Study subjects in the highest tertile of serum uric acid level were older, more likely to be male, and had higher systolic blood pressure, body mass index, carotid artery intima–media thickness and serum triglyceride, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all p < 0.05). Subjects in the highest tertile had significantly higher FRS (p < 0.001). After adjusting for other risk factors, serum uric acid level remained associated significantly with the FRS (p < 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis, the serum uric acid level was an independent predictive factor for high (≥20%) FRS (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.68). These findings warrant attention to this cardiovascular risk factor in apparently healthy adults.
Bi-directional coupling in strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures with magnetic domains and domain wall motion
Authors: Xiao Zhuyun , Lo Conte Roberto , Chen Cai , Liang Cheng-Yen , Sepulveda Abdon , Bokor Jeffrey , Carman Gregory P. , Candler Robert N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStrain-coupled multiferroic heterostructures provide a path to energy-efficient, voltage-controlled magnetic nanoscale devices, a region where current-based methods of magnetic control suffer from Ohmic dissipation. Growing interest in highly magnetoelastic materials, such as Terfenol-D, prompts a more accurate understanding of their magnetization behavior. To address this need, we simulate the strain-induced magnetization change with two modeling methods: the commonly used unidirectional model and the recently developed bidirectional model. Unidirectional models account for magnetoelastic effects only, while bidirectional models account for both magnetoelastic and magnetostrictive effects. We found unidirectional models are on par with bidirectional models when describing the magnetic behavior in weakly magnetoelastic materials (e.g., Nickel), but the two models deviate when highly magnetoelastic materials (e.g., Terfenol-D) are introduced. These results suggest that magnetostrictive feedback is critical for modeling highly magnetoelastic materials, as opposed to weaker magnetoelastic materials, where we observe only minor differences between the two methods’ outputs. To our best knowledge, this work represents the first comparison of unidirectional and bidirectional modeling in composite multiferroic systems, demonstrating that back-coupling of magnetization to strain can inhibit formation and rotation of magnetic states, highlighting the need to revisit the assumption that unidirectional modeling always captures the necessary physics in strain-mediated multiferroics.
Sulfate alters aerosol absorption properties in East Asian outflow
Authors: Lim Saehee , Lee Meehye , Kim Sang-Woo , Laj Paolo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) aerosols that are released from the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass are of great concern because of their light-absorbing ability and great abundance associated with various anthropogenic sources, particularly in East Asia. However, the optical properties of ambient aerosols are dependent on the mixing state and the chemical composition of absorbing and non-absorbing aerosols. Here we examined how, in East Asian outflows, the parameters of the aerosol optical properties can be altered seasonally in conjunction with the mixing state and the chemical composition of aerosols, using 3-year aerosol measurements. Our findings highlight the important role played by sulfate in East Asia during the warm season in both enhancing single scattering albedo (SSA) and altering the absorption properties of aerosols—enhancing mass absorption cross section of BC (MACBC) and reducing MAC of BrC (MACBrC,370). Therefore we suggest that in global radiative forcing models, particular attention should be paid to the consideration of the accurate treatment of the SO2 emission changes in the coming years in this region that will result from China’s air quality policy.
Heparanase attenuates axon degeneration following sciatic nerve transection
Authors: Whitehead Michael J. , McGonigal Rhona , Willison Hugh J. , Barnett Susan C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAxon degeneration underlies many nervous system diseases; therefore understanding the regulatory signalling pathways is fundamental to identifying potential therapeutics. Previously, we demonstrated heparan sulphates (HS) as a potentially new target for promoting CNS repair. HS modulate cell signalling by both acting as cofactors in the formation of ligand-receptor complexes and in sequestering ligands in the extracellular matrix. The enzyme heparanase (Hpse) negatively regulates these processes by cleaving HS and releasing the attached proteins, thereby attenuating their ligand-receptor interaction. To explore a comparative role for HS in PNS axon injury/repair we data mined published microarrays from distal sciatic nerve injury. We identified Hpse as a previously unexplored candidate, being up-regulated following injury. We confirmed these results and demonstrated inhibition of Hpse led to an acceleration of axonal degeneration, accompanied by an increase in β-catenin. Inhibition of β-catenin and the addition of Heparinase I both attenuated axonal degeneration. Furthermore the inhibition of Hpse positively regulates transcription of genes associated with peripheral neuropathies and Schwann cell de-differentiation. Thus, we propose Hpse participates in the regulation of the Schwann cell injury response and axo-glia support, in part via the regulation of Schwann cell de-differentiation and is a potential therapeutic that warrants further investigation.