bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of model-overfit on model-assisted forest inventory in boreal forests with remote sensing data
Authors: Cosenza Diogo N , Saarela Svetlana , Strunk Jacob , Korhonen Lauri , Maltamo Matti , Packalen Petteri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While remote sensing can be an effective tool in building a forest inventory, field measurements and model fitting can be both expensive and challenging. One strategy to reduce forest inventory costs is to leverage forest inventory models fitted to a different population (external models), although the effectiveness of external models is poorly understood. One concern is that models may predict well to the sample data, but poorly to the population—which is termed ‘overfitting’. The effect of overfit may be especially problematic in attempts to predict for a different population (a forest area not covered by any sample plots). Assessing overfit is difficult and its consequence for estimation are not well understood, especially in the context of prediction using external models. This study assesses how overfitting affects model-assisted forest inventory estimation when using internal and external models. We used field and remotely sensed data (Sentinel-2 images and airborne laser scanning data) from two forest areas in Finland. We evaluated four modeling approaches: ordinary least square regression (OLS), random forest, k-nearest neighbors, and gaussian process regression. Both analytical and bootstrap variance estimators were used to evaluate model-assisted estimation performance. Internal models, especially OLS, were the most affected by model overfitting, leading to bias in the population means and underestimation of variance. Estimates using external models provided unbiased means and realistic intervals except in the case of deliberate excessive overfitting. The bootstrap variance estimator was found to be more robust to overfit than the analytical variance estimator for the internal model, but was not helpful for the external model. Internal models should be parsimonious to generalize well to the population and avoid bias. The bootstrap estimator of variance is recommended for internal models, especially if there is concern about model overfitting.
The effect of health education on symptom severity in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Huan-Xi , Apriliyasari Renny Wulan , Tsai Pei-Shan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain as the primary symptom. To evaluate the effect of health education on the severity of various symptoms in patients with FM, seven databases were searched from inception to August 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of health education for FM. The primary outcome was overall symptom severity, and the secondary outcomes were pain, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, fatigue, physical function and self-efficacy. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomized trials and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations were used to assess the quality of the included studies and the certainty of evidence, respectively. Treatment effects were estimated by calculating Hedges’ g and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis included a total of 13 trials. The results revealed that health education significantly reduced overall symptom severity, depression and anxiety and increased sleep quality and physical function among patients with FM (all P values &lt; 0.05). However, no significant effects were observed on pain, fatigue and self-efficacy. Health education may be a beneficial intervention for FM patients, particularly for mitigating symptom severity. Health-care providers should implement health education interventions to empower patients to effectively manage their symptoms.
Understanding the features and effectiveness of randomized controlled trials in reducing COVID-19 misinformation: a systematic review
Authors: Miri Arman , Karimi-Shahanjarini Akram , Afshari Maryam , Bashirian Saeed , Tapak Leili 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess the features and effectiveness of individual-level randomized controlled trials targeting COVID-19 misinformation. The selection process included rigorous criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 24 individual studies from 21 papers. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income countries, with the accuracy/credibility of information as the primary outcome. Debunking and boosting interventions were the most common interventions while nudging and content labeling interventions were examined in a few studies. This study highlights that further research is needed to enhance the effectiveness of boosting strategies and to explore the impact of combined interventions. Addressing bias concerns and standardizing intervention assessment measures will contribute to the development of evidence-based approaches in this critical area.
Performance evaluation of a fully automated deep sequencing platform for hepatitis B genotyping and resistance testing
Authors: Ortonne Valérie , Bouvier-Alias Magali , Vo-Quang Erwan , Cappy Pierre , Ingiliz Patrick , Leroy Vincent , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Chevaliez Stéphane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection requires lifelong administration of nucleos(t)ide analogues with a high barrier to resistance and effective viral suppression. The major limitation of lifelong therapy is the possible selection of drug-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains. International Liver Society guidelines recommend that hepatitis B resistance testing must be performed by a reference laboratory.

Objectives
Performance of the deep sequencing-based ViroKey® SQ FLEX Genotyping Assay for the determination of HBV genotypes and resistance profiles were evaluated.

Patients and methods
Plasma samples collected from patients with chronic hepatitis B have been sequenced by two methods including Sanger (population) sequencing of a portion of the P/S overlapping gene and the deep sequencing-based ViroKey® SQ FLEX Genotyping Assay (Vela Diagnostics).

Results
A high concordance rate with population sequencing was found regardless of HBV genotypes. Deep sequencing with the Sentosa platform was more sensitive than population sequencing in detecting minor variant populations.

Conclusions
The deep sequencing-based ViroKey® SQ FLEX Genotyping Assay can be confidently used in clinical practice for hepatitis B genotyping and resistance testing.
External validation of the Epic sepsis predictive model in 2 county emergency departments
Authors: Ostermayer Daniel G , Braunheim Benjamin , Mehta Amit M , Ward Jeremy , Andrabi Sara , Sirajuddin Anwar Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe the diagnostic characteristics of the proprietary Epic sepsis predictive model best practice advisory (BPA) alert for physicians in the emergency department (ED).

Materials and Methods
The Epic Sepsis Predictive Model v1.0 (ESPMv1), a proprietary algorithm, is intended to improve provider alerting of patients with a likelihood of developing sepsis. This retrospective cohort study conducted at 2 county EDs from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 evaluated the predictive characteristics of the ESPMv1 for 145 885 encounters. Sepsis was defined according to the Sepsis-3 definition with the onset of sepsis defined as an increase in 2 points on the Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) score in patients with the ordering of at least one blood culture and antibiotic. Alerting occurred at an Epic recommended model threshold of 6.

Results
The ESPMv1 BPA alert was present in 7183 (4.9%) encounters of which 2253 had sepsis, and not present in 138 702 encounters of which 3180 had sepsis. Within a 6-hour time window for sepsis, the ESPMv1 had a sensitivity of 14.7%, specificity of 95.3%, positive predictive value of 7.6%, and negative predictive value of 97.7%. Providers were alerted with a median lead time of 0 minutes (80% CI, −6 hours and 42 minutes to 12 hours and 0 minutes).

Discussion
In our population, the ESPMv1 alerted providers with a median lead time of 0 minutes (80% CI, −6 hours and 42 minutes to 12 hours and 0 minutes) and only alerted providers in half of the cases prior to sepsis occurrence. This suggests that the ESPMv1 alert is adding little assistance to physicians identifying sepsis. With clinicians treating sepsis 50% of the time without an alert, pop-ups can only marginally assist in disease identification.

Conclusions
The ESPMv1 provides suboptimal diagnostic characteristics for undifferentiated patients in a county ED.
“I Learned as I Went”: an online distance education case study
Authors: Meek David R , Skyer Michael E , Donaldson Maggie M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interactions between deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students and instructors in online distance education (ODE) increased exponentially during the COVID pandemic. To understand this phenomena, we conducted a comprehensive literature review about evolving ODE formats customized for deaf student’s needs. This literature shows increasing multimodal, multilingual, and interactive features. Next, we examined empirical data from a collective case study implemented to better understand ODE phenomena from the perspectives of DHH students and faculty in higher education. We used 4 data collection strategies: (1) in-depth, semi-structured faculty interviews, (2) observations of teaching-learning interactions, (3) focus-groups featuring undergraduate and graduate DHH students, and (4) curriculum document analyses. We coded the dataset using MAXQDA software and uncovered 10 triangulated themes; 4 focus on instructors, 4 center students, and 2 describe student–faculty interactions. Overall, this qualitative analysis is a particularizing account of our participant’s lifeworlds; however, we close with general recommendations for improving ODE practices through research.
Phenotypic homogenization and potential fitness constraints following non-native introgression in an endemic sportfish
Authors: Gunn Joe C , Clements Sarah J , Adams Grant , Sterling Edward M , Moore Michael J , Volkers Taylor N , Eggert Lori S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introgressive hybridization may lead to contrasting evolutionary outcomes that are difficult to predict since they depend on the fitness effects of endogenous genomic interactions and environmental factors. Conservation of endemic biodiversity may be more effective with require direct measurement of introgressed ancestry and fitness in wild populations, especially for keystone taxa at risk of hybridization following species introductions. We assessed the relationship of non-native ancestry with growth and body condition in the basin-restricted Neosho Bass (Micropterus velox; NB), focussing on two streams in the NB native range that are admixed extensively with non-native Smallmouth Bass (M. dolomieu; SMB). We quantified the genetic composition of 116 fish from Big Sugar Creek (N = 46) and Elk River (N = 70) at 14 microsatellite loci. Using back-calculated total length-at-age estimated from sagittal otoliths, we assessed whether genetic ancestry explained variation in von Bertalanffy growth model parameters, accounting for sex and stream effects. We then assessed the relationship between ancestry and body condition. We found no differences in growth parameters by sex, stream, or ancestry, suggesting phenotypic homogenization which could be mediated by selection on body size. We found a negative correlation between SMB ancestry and condition, including lower condition in Big Sugar Creek, possibly reflecting a trade-off between maximum length and condition with respect to overall fitness. We show that ongoing non-native introgression, which may be augmented by anthropogenic SMB introductions, may attenuate evolutionary differentiation between species and directly influence fitness, possibly having critical implications for long-term persistence and management of adaptive potential in a popular and ecologically important endemic sportfish.
A larval expressed chemosensory protein involved in recognition of anthocyanins in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Dong Xiaolin , Huang Yaling , Pei Yanfang , Chen Ling , Tan Tianliang , Xiang Fayun , Li Chuanren , Fu Lijun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites which act as diverse functions during plant growth. Insects can discriminate host plants by their sensitive gustatory systems. It is hypothetical that chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play a crucial role in regulating this behavioral process. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we characterized a CSP SlitCSP8 from the Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that SlitCSP8 was mainly expressed in the head of the 7th S. litura larvae, especially labrum. Further, recombinant SlitCSP8 was obtained using bacterial expression system. Fluorescence competitive binding assays demonstrated that the purified SlitCSP8 exhibited a strong binding affinity to anthocyanins, a natural compound derived from the host plant. Silencing SlitCSP8 through RNAi significantly reduced the sensitivity of S. litura larvae to anthocyanins-treated leaf disks, the development from larva to pupae was not affected. These data provide insight into the molecular basis that CSP8 can detect anthocyanins in host plants by chemosensory system of insects. It can be further used in designing novel optimal food attractant targeting to the CSPs for pest control.
Characterization of insecticide resistance and their mechanisms in field populations of the German cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) in Taiwan under different treatment regimes
Authors: Kruaysawat Panida , Chen Mei-Er , Lee Shao-Hung , Lee Chow-Yang , Neoh Kok-Boon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigated how management strategies influence resistance profiles in German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) populations and their impact on the performance of commercial gel baits containing fipronil, imidacloprid, and indoxacarb. Field populations from premises managed under 3 different strategies: Baiting, random insecticide (RI) used, and insecticide rotation (IR) were tested. Almost all populations under RI and IR were resistant to deltamethrin, but low to moderate resistance was observed under the Baiting approach. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) were involved in deltamethrin resistance in these resistant populations. All individuals under Baiting and RI were homozygous for the L993F mutation, but the populations under IR lacked homozygous-resistant individuals. Eighty-three percent of field populations with complete homozygosity for the Rdl mutation displayed low mortality upon exposure to 3× LD95 fipronil. The effect of P450 and the Rdl mutation conferred high fipronil resistance in populations under the Baiting approach, recording moderate performance indices (PI) of 44–67 in fipronil bait. By contrast, those populations under RI and IR, in which involve glutathione S-transferases in fipronil resistance, had high PIs of 78–93. Almost 80% of populations exhibited over 90% mortality at 3× LD95 indoxacarb treatment, accompanied by high PIs of 90–100 in indoxacarb bait. Partial mortality from 1× LD95 imidacloprid occurred across all field populations due to the involvement of P450. PIs of imidacloprid bait ranged 5–57 and 20–94 in populations under RI and IR, respectively. Field populations demonstrate different resistance profiles depending on the treatment regimes, and the resistance mechanisms involved influenced gel bait’s effectiveness.
Public access to the register of the Unified Patent Court: unprecedented transparency with unfounded limitations
Authors: Galeotta Giorgia , Khuchua Tamar , Stierle Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the approach of the Court of Appeal of the Unified Patent Court (UPC) towards the principle of transparency focusing on the standards set for public access to written pleadings and evidence lodged at the UPC and recorded by its Registry. We argue that the UPC Court of Appeal shapes a concept of openness with its decision in the case Ocado v Stothers, which goes way beyond the known standards for public access to such documents in the major national forums for patent litigation in the European Union. Although this tendency is most welcome, at the same time, the Court of Appeal also limited the open access to documents in an unfounded manner by holding that the general interest of justice and public order can restrict the right to access and by requiring representation for access to court documents by the public.
The race for global FRAND rate setting: where does the Unified Patent Court stand?
Authors: Jagdev Rajvinder , Robinson Claire 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, we take stock of the Unified Patent Court (UPC)’s approach to fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) issues in its first 16 months of operation and place this in the context of the rapidly developing international FRAND jurisprudence, where cases are increasingly focusing on FRAND rate setting. As the number of standard-essential patent actions filed in the UPC grows, developments are occurring on an almost weekly basis.
Novo plant-based mosquito repellent shows promise for exclusion of Aedes mosquitoes from “window” entry
Authors: Yavasoglu Sare I , Wood Martyn J , Bull James C , Alkış Nergis , Doğan Emrecan , Alkhaibari Abeer M , Butt Tariq M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mosquitoes threaten over half of the world’s population through vectored diseases such as malaria, zika, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. Mosquitoes have a highly developed olfactory system attuned to chemotaxis relating to host-seeking, mating, and oviposition behavior. In this study, we aimed to determine the spatial efficacy of 2 plant-based repellent blends (Blend3 and Blend4 that had previously been found to successfully repel Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes in wind tunnel assays) in excluding Aedes aegypti from the window entry. A new cage system was developed for parallel “no-choice” and “choice” olfactometric assays. In the no-choice trial, Blends 3 and 4, as well as commercial products (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, p-menthane-3,8-diol [PMD], 3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)-amino-propionic acid ethyl ester, and 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropylstyrene 1-piperidine carboxylate), were adsorbed into filter papers of different sizes and placed in a window created between 2 attached bug dorms. Then, the number of mosquitoes entering the window was counted through a 6-min period. In choice olfactometric assays, Blends 3, 4, and PMD were adsorbed into filter paper and the number of mosquitoes moving away from Blend 3 and PMD were compared. No-choice assays showed that Blend3 (P &lt; 0.001) and Blend4 (P = 0.0012) were more repellent than the best commercial product PMD. Additionally, while Blend 4 was significantly more repellent than Blend 3 (P = 0.012) in the choice assay, overall, these 2 blends show promise as new repellents for the spatial exclusion of Aedes aegypti from window entry alone or as part of a “push-pull’’ strategy.
Resolution of historically discordant Ames test negative/rodent carcinogenicity positive N-nitrosamines using a sensitive, OECD-aligned design
Authors: Thomas Dean N , Wills John W , Burman Mark , Williams Abbie N , Harte Danielle S G , Buckley Ruby A , Urquhart Mike W , Bretonnet Anne-Sophie , Jeffries Benjamin , White Angela T , Harvey James S , Howe Jonathan R , Lynch Anthony M 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test is crucial for evaluating the mutagenicity of pharmaceutical impurities. For N-nitrosamines (NAs) historical data indicated that for certain members of this chemical class, the outcomes of the Ames test did not correlate with their associated rodent carcinogenicity outcomes. This has resulted in negative outcomes in an OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)-aligned Ames test alone (standard or enhanced) no longer being considered sufficient by regulatory authorities to assess potential carcinogenic risk of NAs if present as impurities in drug products. Consequently, extensive follow-up in vivo testing can be required to characterize the potential mutagenicity and genotoxic carcinogenicity of NA impurities (i.e. beyond that defined in the ICH M7 guideline for non-NA impurities). We previously demonstrated that the mutagenicity of alkyl-nitrosamines can be detected by the appropriately designed, OECD-aligned Ames test and identified those conditions that contributed most to assay sensitivity. This OECD-aligned Ames test design was used to assess seven NAs, i.e. (methyl(neopentyl)nitrosamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-2-propanamine, N-nitrosodiisopropylamine, bis(2-methoxyethyl)nitrosoamine, N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-fluoroaniline, dinitrosoethambutol, (R,R)- and mononitrosocaffeidine) that were reported to be negative in historical Ames tests but positive in rodent carcinogenicity studies. All seven of the NAs were demonstrated to be mutagenic in the OECD-aligned Ames test and therefore these compounds should no longer be considered as discordant (false negatives) with respect to the correlation of the Ames test and rodent carcinogenicity. These results confirm the sensitivity of the OECD-aligned Ames test for the detection of NA mutagenicity and provides further support of its pivotal placement within the ICH M7 framework for the assessment of mutagenic impurities in pharmaceuticals to limit potential carcinogenic risk. In addition, we present data for 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine, that indicates it could serve as a suitable positive control to provide further confidence in the sensitivity of the Ames test for the NA chemical class.
Principles of ion binding to RNA inferred from the analysis of a 1.55 Å resolution bacterial ribosome structure – Part I: Mg2+
Authors: Leonarski Filip , Henning-Knechtel Anja , Kirmizialtin Serdal , Ennifar Eric , Auffinger Pascal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The importance of Mg2+ ions for RNA structure and function cannot be overstated. Several attempts were made to establish a comprehensive Mg2+ binding site classification. However, such descriptions were hampered by poorly modelled ion binding sites as observed in a recent cryo-EM 1.55 Å Escherichia coli ribosome structure where incomplete ion assignments blurred our understanding of their binding patterns. We revisited this model to establish general binding principles applicable to any RNA of sufficient resolution. These principles rely on the 2.9 Å distance separating two water molecules bound in cis to Mg2+. By applying these rules, we could assign all Mg2+ ions bound with 2–4 non-water oxygens. We also uncovered unanticipated motifs where up to five adjacent nucleotides wrap around a single ion. The formation of such motifs involves a hierarchical Mg2+ ion dehydration process that plays a significant role in ribosome biogenesis and in the folding of large RNAs. Besides, we established a classification of the Mg2+…Mg2+ and Mg2+…K+ ion pairs observed in this ribosome. Overall, the uncovered binding principles enhance our understanding of the roles of ions in RNA structure and will help refining the solvation shell of other RNA systems.