bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart failure leads to altered β2-adrenoceptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate dynamics in the sarcolemmal phospholemman/Na,K ATPase microdomain
Authors: Bastug-Özel Zeynep , Wright Peter T , Kraft Axel E , Pavlovic Davor , Howie Jacqueline , Froese Alexander , Fuller William , Gorelik Julia , Shattock Michael J , Nikolaev Viacheslav O 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Aims
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates cardiac excitation–contraction coupling by acting in microdomains associated with sarcolemmal ion channels. However, local real time cAMP dynamics in such microdomains has not been visualized before. We sought to directly monitor cAMP in a microdomain formed around sodium–potassium ATPase (NKA) in healthy and failing cardiomyocytes and to better understand alterations of cAMP compartmentation in heart failure.

Methods and results
A novel Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor termed phospholemman (PLM)-Epac1 was developed by fusing a highly sensitive cAMP sensor Epac1-camps to the C-terminus of PLM. Live cell imaging in PLM-Epac1 and Epac1-camps expressing adult rat ventricular myocytes revealed extensive regulation of NKA/PLM microdomain-associated cAMP levels by β2-adrenoceptors (β2-ARs). Local cAMP pools stimulated by these receptors were tightly controlled by phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 3. In chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction, dramatic reduction of the microdomain-specific β2-AR/cAMP signals and β2-AR dependent PLM phosphorylation was accompanied by a pronounced loss of local PDE3 and an increase in PDE2 effects.

Conclusions
NKA/PLM complex forms a distinct cAMP microdomain which is directly regulated by β2-ARs and is under predominant control by PDE3. In heart failure, local changes in PDE repertoire result in blunted β2-AR signalling to cAMP in the vicinity of PLM.
Nitroglycerine limits infarct size through S-nitrosation of cyclophilin D: a novel mechanism for an old drug
Authors: Bibli Sofia-Iris , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Iliodromitis Efstathios K , Daiber Andreas , Randriamboavonjy Voahanginirina , Steven Sebastian , Brouckaert Peter , Chatzianastasiou Athanasia , Kypreos Kyriakos E , Hausenloy Derek J , Fleming Ingrid , Andreadou Ioanna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Aims
Nitroglycerine (NTG) given prior to an ischaemic insult exerts cardioprotective effects. However, whether administration of an acute low dose of NTG in a clinically relevant manner following an ischaemic episode limits infarct size, has not yet been explored.

Methods and results
Adult mice were subjected to acute myocardial infarction in vivo and then treated with vehicle or low-dose NTG prior to reperfusion. This treatment regimen minimized myocardial infarct size without affecting haemodynamic parameters but the protective effect was absent in mice rendered tolerant to the drug. Mechanistically, NTG was shown to nitrosate and inhibit cyclophilin D (CypD), and NTG administration failed to limit infarct size in CypD knockout mice. Additional experiments revealed lack of the NTG protective effect following genetic (knockout mice) or pharmacological inhibition (L-NAME treatment) of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The protective effect of NTG was attributed to preservation of the eNOS dimer. Moreover, NTG retained its cardioprotective effects in a model of endothelial dysfunction (ApoE knockout) by preserving CypD nitrosation. Human ischaemic heart biopsies revealed reduced eNOS activity and exhibited reduced CypD nitrosation.

Conclusion
Low-dose NTG given prior to reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size by preserving eNOS function, and the subsequent eNOS-dependent S-nitrosation of CypD, inhibiting cardiomyocyte necrosis. This novel pharmacological action of NTG warrants confirmation in clinical studies, although our data in human biopsies provide promising preliminary results.
The Distribution of Phase Shifts for Semiclassical Potentials with Polynomial Decay
Authors: Gell-Redman Jesse , Hassell Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This is the 3rd paper in a series [6, 9] analyzing the asymptotic distribution of the phase shifts in the semiclassical limit. We analyze the distribution of phase shifts, or equivalently, eigenvalues of the scattering matrix $S_h$, at some fixed energy $E$, for semiclassical Schrödinger operators on $\mathbb{R}^d$ that are perturbations of the free Hamiltonian $h^2 \Delta $ on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ by a potential $V$ with polynomial decay. Our assumption is that $V(x) \sim |x|^{-\alpha } v(\hat x)$ as $x \to \infty $, $\hat x = x/|x|$, for some $\alpha&gt; d$, with corresponding derivative estimates. In the semiclassical limit $h \to 0$, we show that the atomic measure on the unit circle defined by these eigenvalues, after suitable scaling in $h$, tends to a measure $\mu $ on $\mathbb{S}^1$. Moreover, $\mu $ is the pushforward from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R} / 2 \pi \mathbb{Z} = \mathbb{S}^1$ of a homogeneous distribution. As a corollary we obtain an asymptotic formula for the accumulation of phase shifts in a sector of $\mathbb{S}^1$. The proof relies on an extension of results in [14] on the classical Hamiltonian dynamics and semiclassical Poisson operator to the larger class of potentials under consideration here.
Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus Infection Secondary to an Infected Vascular Stent: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tejura Nilesh , Bontempo Gilda , Chew Debra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing, multidrug-resistant mycobacteria, commonly associated with pulmonary, skin, and soft tissue infections. We describe a rare case of M abscessus endovascular stent infection; only 3 cases of graft infections have previously been reported.
Political Sociology and the People's Health
Authors: Beckfield Jason 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Health, illness, and death are distributed unequally around the world. Babies born in Japan can expect to live to age 80 or over, while babies born in Malawi can expect to die before the age of 50. As important, birth into one race, class, and gender within one society vs. another also matters enormously for one’s health. To answer such questions about social inequalities in health, Political Sociology and the People’s Health responds to two research trends that are motivating scholarship at the leading edge of inquiry into population health. First, social epidemiology is turning toward policy and politics to explain the unequal global distribution of population health. Second, social stratification research is turning toward new conceptualizations and theorizations of how institutions—the “rules of the game” that organize power in social life—distribute social goods, including health. Political Sociology and the People’s Health advances these two turns by developing new hypotheses that integrate insights from political sociology and social epidemiology. Political sociology offers a rich array of concepts, measures, and data that help social epidemiologists develop new hypotheses about how macroscopic factors like social policy, labor markets, and the racialized and gendered state shape the distribution of population health. Social epidemiology offers innovative approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of population, etiologic period, and distribution that can advance research on the relationships between institutions and inequalities. Developing the conversation between these fields, Political Sociology and the People’s Health describes how human institutional arrangements distribute life and death.
Semantic Typology and Composition
Authors: Pietroski Paul M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHow many types of expression meaning are there, and are some types more basic than others? According to a familiar tripartite proposal, languages like English generate (i) denoters of a basic type &lt;e&gt;; (ii) truth-evaluable sentences of a basic type &lt;t&gt;; and (iii) expressions of nonbasic types that are characterized recursively: if &lt;A&gt; and &lt;B&gt; are types, so is &lt;A,B&gt;; where expressions of type &lt;A,B&gt; signify functions, from things of the sort signified with expressions of type &lt;A&gt; to things of the sort signified with expressions of type &lt;B&gt;. On this view, human languages are importantly like the language that Frege invented to study the foundations of arithmetic. In this chapter it is argued that each third of the tripartite proposal is wrong. An alternative is then sketched according to which there are exactly two semantic types, corresponding to monadic and dyadic concepts.
Opacity and transparency in vowel harmony
Authors: van der Hulst Harry 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe first chapter of this book offers an overview of the general causes of asymmetries in vowel harmony systems. This overview will characterize the general nature of vowel harmony, yet focus on what is taken to be a key issue in this area of phonology, which is the behavior of vowels ‘that do not play ball’. The chapter also provides an overview of general issues and characteristics such as vowel harmony, symmetrical harmony, transparency, opacity, root control, dominant/recessive systems, and harmonic domains.
Zurich and Geneva
Authors: Straumann Tobias 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Global Financial Crisis has had a strong negative effect on Zurich and Geneva by ending banking secrecy for foreign clients. The reason for this historical break was the rapid rise of public debt in the wake of the crisis which prompted major EU countries and the United States to intensify their fight against financial centres profiting from tax evasion. As Zurich and Geneva have always had other comparative advantages besides banking secrecy, they are likely to remain important hubs in the international financial geography. But there is no doubt that their golden age has come to an end. Brexit and fintech are unlikely to provide opportunities to reverse the relative decline, since Switzerland is not part of the EU and the Eurozone and does not have the economic size required to be a first mover in developing basic innovations.
Vector Calculus
Authors: Mann Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This chapter gives a non-technical overview of differential equations from across mathematical physics, with particular attention to those used in the book. It is a common trend in physics and nature, or perhaps just the way numbers and calculus come together, that, to describe the evolution of things, most theories use a differential equation of low order. This chapter is useful for those with no prior knowledge of the differential equations and explains the concepts required for a basic exposition of classical mechanics. It discusses separable differential equations, boundary conditions and initial value problems, as well as particular solutions, complete solutions, series solutions and general solutions. It also discusses the Cauchy–Lipschitz theorem, flow and the Fourier method, as well as first integrals, complete integrals and integral curves.
Osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Saccomano Scott J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease. The condition results in bone-on-bone contact, stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility. By the year 2050, 40 million individuals will be severely disabled because of OA, and there will be over 130 million individuals suffering from OA worldwide.
Robotic-Assisted Sacrocolpopexy: Early Postoperative Outcomes After Surgical Reduction of Enlarged Genital Hiatus
Authors: Bradley Megan S. , Askew Amy L. , Vaughan Monique H. , Kawasaki Amie , Visco Anthony G. 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218:514.e1–514.e8)
Robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RSC) has comparable surgical outcomes and less perioperative morbidity than abdominal sacrocolpopexy.
Effect of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia on Fetal Neural Development
Authors: Basu Sriparna , Kumar Dinesh , Anupurba Shampa , Verma Ashish , Kumar Ashok 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from J Perinatol 2018;38:233–239)
The hippocampus region of the brain plays an important role in memory and learning and appears to show particular response to iron deficiency. In this study, the researchers evaluated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations found in cord blood as well as the intracranial volumes of 70 singleton term neonates born to mothers with iron deficiency anemia, comparing the data with those of a control group of 20 gestational age–matched neonates born to healthy mothers.
Relaxation of the One Child Policy and Trends in Cesarean Section Rates and Birth Outcomes in China Between 2012 and 2016: Observational Study of Nearly Seven Million Health Facility Births
Authors: Liang Juan , Mu Yi , Li Xiaohong , Tang Wen , Wang Yanping , Liu Zheng , Huang Xiaona , Scherpbier Robert W. , Guo Sufang , Li Mingrong , Dai Li , Deng Kui , Deng Changfei , Li Qi , Kang Leni , Zhu Jun , Ronsmans Carine 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from BMJ 2018;360:k817)
Health care communities around the world have expressed concerns about the health effects of increased cesarean delivery rates. In China, complex factors such as financial incentives and medicolegal concerns have influenced the high cesarean rates.
Association Between Loss of Hospital-Based Obstetric Services and Birth Outcomes in Rural Counties in the United States
Authors: Kozhimannil Katy B. , Hung Peiyin , Henning-Smith Carrie , Casey Michelle M. , Prasad Shailendra 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from JAMA 2018;319(12):1239–1247)
In the decade from 2004 to 2014, hospital-based obstetric services in rural US counties declined from 55% to 46%. Loss of hospital-based obstetric care may worsen existing maternal and child health challenges, prolonging travel distances and times and affecting access to peripartum care.
Single Modified Ilioinguinal Approach for the Treatment of Acetabular Fractures Involving Both Columns
Authors: Chen Kaifang , Ji Yanhui , Huang Zhenfei , Navinduth Ramphul , Yang Fan , Sun Tingfang , Xiong Zekang , Yao Sheng , Ahn Jaimo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
To report the technical aspects, radiographic results, and complications of a modified ilioinguinal approach for the treatment of bicolumnar acetabular fractures, especially involving the quadrilateral plate.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level I Trauma Center, Wuhan Union Hospital, China.

Patients/Participants:
Data from all acetabular fractures (n = 96) treated surgically were collected between January 2012 and June 2015. According to the exclusion criteria, 22 patients who had undergone a single supra-ilioinguinal approach with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included in the study.

Intervention:
The supra-ilioinguinal approach was used to treat bicolumnar acetabular fractures by modifying the ilioinguinal approach, using the navel, anterior superior iliac spine, and the symphysis pubis as landmarks.

Main Outcome measurements:
The surgical exposure and reduction of fractures is expected to become more direct and convenient, with shorter surgical time, less blood loss, and fewer complications.

Results:
Of the 22 consecutive patients, 5 were anterior column with posterior hemi-transverse, 11 were associated both column, 3 were transverse and 3 were T-type patterns. Average length of incision, operative time, and intraoperative blood loss were 10.7 ± 1.1 cm, 182 ± 40 minutes, and 793 ± 228 mL, respectively. Seventeen cases of the reductions were graded excellent; 4, good; and 1, poor. In the last follow-up, the Merle d ′Aubigné scores showed that 14 cases were excellent; 6, good; and 2, poor. Postoperative deep vein thrombosis occurred in 1 patient and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury in 3 patients.

Conclusions:
For the treatment of bicolumnar acetabular fractures, the supra-ilioinguinal approach provides direct visualization and convenient access to the quadrilateral plate, and allows for appropriate reduction and fixation with few complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Exercise Training on Cardiac Function Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anand Vidhu , Garg Sushil , Garg Jalaj , Bano Shah , Pritzker Marc 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with subclinical abnormalities in left ventricular function and an increased downstream risk for heart failure. Exercise training has been associated with significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness among these patients. However, its impact on cardiac function is not well established.

Methods:
We conducted a meta-analysis including all randomized and nonrandomized trials that evaluated effects of exercise training on cardiac function among patients with T2D. Primary outcomes were measures of left ventricular systolic (global longitudinal strain) and diastolic (early diastolic velocity [é]) function. The effects of exercise training on peak oxygen uptake; other markers of diastolic dysfunction: mitral peak early-to-late diastolic filling velocity (E/A), mitral inflow to annular ratio (E/é), and deceleration time (DT); and systolic velocity were also assessed.

Results:
Our study included 441 patients enrolled in 6 trials. Exercise training significantly improved early diastolic velocity (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.09-1.07), global longitudinal strain (SMD, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.04-1.21), and peak oxygen uptake (SMD, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.51-2.35) as compared with control group. However, no significant changes were observed in other markers of diastolic function (E/A, E/é and DT) and systolic velocity.

Conclusion:
Exercise training in patients with T2D is associated with a significant improvement in some echocardiographic indicators of systolic and diastolic function and cardiorespiratory fitness. These findings suggest that exercise training may improve subclinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients at risk for clinical heart failure.
Cost-Effectiveness of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Chilean Patients Surviving Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Serón Pamela , Gaete Mónica , Oliveros María-Jose , Román Claudia , Lanas Fernando , Velásquez Monica , Reveco Roberto , Bustos Luis , Rojas Rubén 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To assess the cost-effectiveness of 3 models of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) compared with standard care in survivors of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within the public health system in Chile.

Methods:
A Markov model was designed using 5 health states: ACS survivor, second ACS, complications, general mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. The transition probabilities between health states for standard care and corresponding relative risk for CR were calculated from a systematic review. Health benefits were measured with the EuroQol 5-dimensional 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) survey. Costs for each health state were quantified using the national cost verification study. The CR cost was estimated with a microcosting methodology. The time horizon was a lifetime and the discount rate was 3% per year for costs and benefits. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were performed. Structural uncertainty was managed by designing 3 scenarios: CR as currently delivered in a specific Chilean public health center, CR as recommended by South American guidelines, and CR as proposed for low-resource settings.

Results:
Cardiac rehabilitation versus standard care showed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the standard model of $722, for the South American model of $1247, and for the low-resource model of $666. The tornado diagram showed higher uncertainty in relative risk for the complications state and for the second ACS state.

Conclusion:
Considering a cost-effectiveness threshold of 1 unit of gross domestic product per capita (∼$19 000), CR is highly cost-effective for the public health system in Chile.
LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLE WITH LAMELLAR HOLE–ASSOCIATED EPIRETINAL PROLIFERATION IN FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To present a clinical case of lamellar macular hole with lamellar hole–associated epiretinal proliferation in a pediatric familial exudative vitreoretinopathy patient. Retinal findings are described, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography documentation is provided. The efficacy of surgical intervention is also discussed.

Methods:
A 4-year-old girl presented with poor vision in her right eye, which was discovered during routine physical examination. Clinical examination revealed familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in both eyes and a lamellar macular hole in the right eye. Both of the patient's parents were also examined, which revealed familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in the girl's father. The patient underwent vitrectomy, inner limiting membrane and lamellar hole–associated epiretinal proliferation peeling, and air–fluid exchange.

Results:
Images obtained with optical coherence tomography revealed lamellar hole–associated epiretinal proliferation at the lamellar defect edge in the patient's right eye. Postoperative examination showed that the lamellar macular hole had closed.

Conclusion:
Pediatric familial exudative vitreoretinopathy patients may develop lamellar macular hole with lamellar hole–associated epiretinal proliferation. Vitreoretinal surgery effectively closes this type of macular hole.
Biocidal Efficacy of a Hydrogen Peroxide Lens Care Solution Incorporating a Novel Wetting Agent
Authors: Gabriel Manal M. , McAnally Cindy , Bartell John , Walters Rhonda , Clark Linda , Crary Monica , Shannon Stephen 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To compare the antimicrobial effects of CLEAR CARE, a 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution formulated for simultaneous cleaning, daily protein removal, disinfection, and storage of soft (hydrophilic) hydrogel, silicone hydrogel, and gas-permeable contact lenses, and CLEAR CARE PLUS, consisting of the 3% H2O2 solution plus a novel wetting agent, polyoxyethylene-polyoxybutylene (EOBO-21).

Methods:
Three lots each of the 2 solutions were incubated with 5 compendial microorganisms required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14729 stand-alone procedures, 4 clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and trophozoites and cysts of 2 Acanthamoeba strains that are associated with microbial keratitis. Microbial loads were evaluated after disinfection and neutralization.

Results:
Both solutions exceeded the FDA/ISO stand-alone primary criteria against Gram-positive and Gram-negative compendial bacteria, yeast, and mold after only 1.5-hr disinfection/neutralization. At the recommended minimum disinfection time, bacteria were reduced by 4.4 to 5.1 logs, yeast by 4.4 to 4.9 logs, and mold by 2.9 to 3.5 logs with and without organic soil. In addition, both solutions eliminated or effectively reduced populations of clinically relevant ocular bacterial isolates (4.5–5.0 logs), Acanthamoeba trophozoites (3.4–4.2 logs), and cysts (1.5–2.1 logs).

Conclusion:
Both solutions eliminated or reduced populations of FDA/ISO compendial bacteria and fungi as well as clinically relevant microorganisms and Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. The addition of EOBO-21 to the 3% H2O2 lens care solution had no impact on antimicrobial activity.