bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review
Authors: Gabes Michaela , Knüttel Helge , Stute Petra , Apfelbacher Christian J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause affects up to 50% of postmenopausal women and has negative impacts on the women's quality of life. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify and assess the measurement properties of all existing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) specific for genitourinary symptoms that were developed and/or validated for measuring patient-reported outcomes in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Studies which evaluated, described, or compared measurement properties of PROMs were considered as eligible. We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist. Furthermore, predefined quality criteria for good measurement properties were applied and the quality of the evidence was graded.

Results:
Nine articles reporting on four PROMs were included. Two instruments, the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire and the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging Questionnaire, can be further recommended for use. Both showed moderate to high quality of evidence for sufficient structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity. The two other instruments, urogenital atrophy quality of life (UGAQoL) and the Urogenital Symptom Scale, cannot be recommended for use, whereby the UGAQoL still has the opportunity to be recommended if the authors gave access to the instrument and further validation studies were conducted.

Conclusions:
Both Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire and Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging Questionnaire can be recommended for use and results obtained with these two instruments can be seen as trustworthy. Future validation studies should focus on those two instruments.
Performance Times for the King-Devick Test in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gubanich Paul J. , Gupta Resmi , Slattery Eric , Logan Kelsey 
Published: August 2019

Objective:To establish the King-Devick test (KD) performance values for children and adolescents.Design:Prospective cohort.Setting:Pediatric sports medicine clinics.Participants:Five hundred seven athletes presenting to a pediatric sports medicine clinic for non–concussion-related evaluations.Independent Variables:Age, sex, and risk factors for abnormal concussion recovery.Main Outcome Measures:The King-Devick test time.Results:Four hundred eighty-three participants were included in the final analysis, which included 60.5% girls (n = 292) and 39.5% boys (n = 191). The KD test performance varied by age with a steady decrease in test time yearly from 8 years through 14 years of age, where some plateauing occurred. Baseline scores changed approximately 31 seconds over ages 8 to 18. Analysis of variance results revealed a strong effect of age on overall mean KD time (P< 0.001). The KD test performance was not associated with sex or other studied concussion risk factors or comorbid conditions.Conclusions:The KD test performance was reported in a cohort of youth aged 8 to 18 years, allowing for comparison of performance in individuals who may not have a baseline assessment. If baseline testing is desired, at least yearly intervals seems to be appropriate through childhood and early adolescence.
Current Evidence for Acute Pain Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries and Postoperative Pain in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Liu Diana V. , Lin Yuan-Chi 
Published: August 2019

Objective:Sports-related injuries in young athletes are increasingly prevalent with an estimated 2.6 million children and adolescents sustaining a sports-related injury annually. Acute sports-related injuries and surgical correction of sports-related injuries cause physical pain and psychological burdens on pediatric athletes and their families. This article aims to evaluate current acute pain management options in pediatric athletes and acute pain management strategies for postoperative pain after sports-related injuries. This article will also elucidate which areas of pain management for pediatric athletes are lacking evidence and help direct future clinical trials.Data Sources:We conducted a literature search through PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to provide an extensive review of initial and postoperative pain management strategies for pediatric sports-related musculoskeletal injuries.Main Results:The current knowledge of acute pain management for initial sports-related injuries, postoperative pain management for orthopedic surgeries, as well as complementary and alternative medical therapies in pediatric sports-related injuries is presented. Studies evaluating conservative management, enteral and nonenteral medications, regional anesthesia, and complementary medical therapies are included.Conclusions:Adequate pain management is important for sports injuries in children and adolescents for emotional as well as physical healing, but a balance must be achieved to provide acceptable pain relief while minimizing opioid use and side effects from analgesic medications. More studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of nonopioid analgesic medications and complementary therapies in pediatric patients with acute sports-related injuries.
Clinical and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Softball Pitcher: A Review of Current Concepts and Clinical Commentary
Authors: Fry Karl E. , Wittman Kelcie , Gerke Dale , Parr Ashley 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The windmill softball pitch (WSP) is a vastly understudied human motion relative to its counterpart the overhand baseball pitch (OBP). A large body of research has been conducted to understand the kinematics and kinetics of the OBP. Better understanding of the kinematics and kinetics of the WSP may help provide better pitch volume guidelines, physical performance preparation, and injury prevention programs.

Evidence Acquisition:
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to gain a full understanding of all currently available biomechanical and clinical evidence surrounding the WSP and related softball injuries.

Study Design:
Clinical Review.

Level of Evidence:
Level 5.

Results:
The softball pitch is a highly complex series of coordinated movements, in which the force generated by the large muscles of the lower extremity and trunk during the wind-up and stride phases are transferred to the ball through the shoulder and arm. Biomechanical evidence has demonstrated relatively equivocal distraction forces at the shoulder for both the softball pitch and baseball pitch.

Conclusions:
Altered pitching biomechanics, high pitch velocity, elevated pitch counts, decreased rest between outings, and increased pitcher fatigue may increase tissue stress on the upper extremity of a softball pitcher. There is convincing evidence that each of these variables have a compounding effect on injury risk for a softball pitcher. Therefore, coaches and clinicians need more research to promote upper extremity health in the softball pitcher at all levels of competition including pitch volume guidelines and injury prevention strategies.
Update on anterior skull base reconstruction
Authors: Ein Liliana , Sargi Zoukaa , Nicolli Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Anterior skull base reconstruction has rapidly evolved over the past few years as endoscopic approaches to resect tumors in this region have become more established. The present review evaluates the robust amount of new literature on this topic over the past year with particular attention to minimally invasive methods for reconstruction.

Recent findings
Although vascularized local flaps remain the mainstay reconstructive choice when available for the anterior skull base, innovative techniques for all types of reconstruction, ranging from free grafts to free flaps continue to emerge.

Summary
Because of the unique challenges and wide variety of options available to repair the anterior skull base with the goal to prevent or treat cerebrospinal fluid leaks, surgical expertise and experience in this field is of utmost importance.
Are 30-Day Outcomes Enough? Late Infectious Readmissions following Prosthetic-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Collier Willem , Scheefer Van Boerum Melody , Kim Jaewhan , Kwok Alvin C. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Surgical-site infection is a major concern in prosthetic-based breast reconstruction. Thirty-day postoperative readmission rates are a common quality metric, but little is known about readmission rates for later infections.

Methods:
Using the 2013 to 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database, the authors identified breast cancer patients undergoing breast reconstruction with implants and tissue expanders who had an infectious readmission. The authors used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify predictors of infectious readmission and explantation within the early (0 to 30 days) and late (31 to 90 days) postoperative periods.

Results:
In the weighted sample, the authors identified 18,338 patients undergoing prosthetic-based breast reconstruction. The overall infectious readmission rate was 4.1 percent (n = 759): 49.3 percent occurred early and 50.7 percent occurred late. Of the infectious readmissions, 39.5 percent required explantation, 55.1 percent of which occurred during a late infectious readmission. Seventy-five percent of these infectious readmissions and explantations occurred within 49 days of initial surgery. Median annual household income less than $40,000 (p = 0.035), diabetes (p = 0.038), and obesity (p = 0.004) were independent predictors of infectious readmission. Diabetes (p = 0.049) and hypertension (p = 0.011) were independent predictors of early readmission. Median annual household income less than $40,000 (p = 0.049), obesity (p = 0.006), and increasing length of stay during the index procedure (p = 0.028) were independent predictors of late readmission. No statistically significant independent predictors for explantation were identified.

Conclusions:
Traditional 30-day readmission rates are not an adequate quality metric for breast reconstruction given the number of late postoperative readmissions, many of which lead to explantation. Early and late infectious readmissions have different predictors. Interventions targeting these predictors may decrease the number of readmissions, thus reducing cost and improving quality.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Correction of Sagittal Synostosis Using Three-Dimensional Planning and Maltese Cross Geometry
Authors: Veeramani Anamika , Singh Anusha , DiLuna Michael L. , Steinbacher Derek M. 
Published: August 2019

Summary:
There are several approaches to correct sagittal synostosis. Regardless of technique, the goals are to (1) release the fused suture and (2) impart a normocephalic head shape with resultant functional and aesthetic benefits. This article and video detail the authors’ preferred technique for the treatment of sagittal synostosis. This novel method involves three-dimensional planning and an open approach to focus on immediate correction of the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertex dimensions, using vault remodeling, pedicled osseous (“Maltese”) crosses, and corset pericranial flaps.
Social Media: Is the Message Reaching the Plastic Surgery Audience?
Authors: Chen Austin D. , Ruan Qing Zhao , Bucknor Alexandra , Chattha Anmol S. , Bletsis Patrick P. , Furnas Heather J. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The aim of this study was to assess readability of articles shared on Twitter and analyze differences between them to determine whether messages and written posts are at reading levels comprehended by the general public.

Methods:
Top-rated #PlasticSurgery tweets (per Twitter algorithm) in January of 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Text from tweeted links to full, open-access, and society/institutional patient information articles were extracted. Readability was analyzed using the following established tests: Coleman-Liau, Flesch-Kincaid, FORCAST Readability Formula, Fry Graph, Gunning Fog Index, New Dale-Chall Formula, New Fog Count, Raygor Readability Estimate, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Readability Formula. Ease-of-reading was analyzed using the Flesch Reading Ease Index.

Results:
Of 234 unique articles, there were 101 full journal (43 percent), 65 open-access journal (28 percent), and 68 patient information (29 percent) articles. When compared using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Readability Formula, full and open-access journal articles attained similar mean reading levels of 17.7 and 17.5, respectively (p = 0.475). In contrast, patient information articles had a significantly lower mean readability level of 13.9 (p < 0.001). Plastic surgeons posted 128 articles (55 percent) and non–plastic surgeon individuals posted 106 articles (45 percent). Mean readability levels between the two were 16.2 and 16.9, respectively (p < 0.001). All tweeted articles were above the sixth-grade recommended reading level.

Conclusions::
Readability of #PlasticSurgery articles may not be appropriate for many American adults. Consideration should be given to improving readability of articles targeted toward the general public to optimize delivery of social media messages.
Conditioned Contextual Freezing is A Neurobehavioral Biomarker of Axonal Injury Indicated by Reduced Fractional Anisotropy in A Mouse Model of Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Weiss Craig , Lendacki Frances R. , Rigby Paul H. , Wyrwicz Alice M. , Disterhoft John F. , Spiess Joachim 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem generated by closed head injury. This study is focused on the impact of blast-induced mild TBI on auditory trace and delay fear conditioning, models of declarative and non-declarative memory, respectively, and the correlation of conditioned freezing and fractional anisotropy, a measure of axonal state. A supersonic helium pressure wave was generated by a shock tube to blast 8-week-old male mice on Day 1 for 1.4 msec with an incident pressure of 16 psi, corresponding to a reflected pressure of 56.9 psi at the mouse head. On Day 3, the mice were subjected to auditory trace- or delay-fear conditioning. On Day 4, contextual freezing in the trained context, and precue and cued freezing in a novel context were determined. After cardiac perfusion on Day 5, ex vivo images were obtained with diffusion tensor imaging at 14.1 Tesla. We observed that delay fear conditioning prevented or reversed the decrease in fractional anisotropy in both the medial and lateral corpus callosum suggesting axonal stabilization of potentially behavioral therapeutic significance. Moderately strong and statistically significant Pearson correlations were found between fractional anisotropy and contextual freezing in the medial and lateral corpus callosum of blasted and sham-blasted delay- or trace-fear conditioned mice. Thus, contextual freezing is a neurobehavioral biomarker for axonal injury in mild TBI and is a reliable and high-throughput behavioral assay for the evaluation of potential therapeutics to treat mild TBI.
Deepprune: Learning efficient and interpretable convolutional networks through weight pruning for predicting DNA-protein binding
Authors: Luo Xiao , Chi Weilai , Deng Minghua 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTConvolutional neural network (CNN) based methods have outperformed conventional machine learning methods in predicting the binding preference of DNA-protein binding. Although studies in the past have shown that more convolutional kernels help to achieve better performance, visualization of the model can be obscured by the use of many kernels, resulting in overfitting and reduced interpretation because the number of motifs in true models is limited. Therefore, we aim to arrive at high performance, but with limited kernel numbers, in CNN-based models for motif inference.We herein present Deepprune, a novel deep learning framework, which prunes the weights in the dense layer and fine-tunes iteratively. These two steps enable the training of CNN-based models with limited kernel numbers, allowing easy interpretation of the learned model. We demonstrate that Deepprune significantly improves motif inference performance for the simulated datasets. Furthermore, we show that Deepprune outperforms the baseline with limited kernel numbers when inferring DNA-binding sites from ChIP-seq data.
Essentiality ofCREBBPinEP300truncated B-cell lymphoma revealed by genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen
Authors: Nie Man , Du Likun , Zhang Bo , Ren Weicheng , Joung Julia , Ye Xiaofei , Fuenzalida Jonathan Arias , Shi Xi , Liu Dongbing , Wu Kui , Zhang Feng , Pan-Hammarström Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHistone acetyltransferases (HATs), includingCREBBPandEP300, are frequently mutated in B-cell malignancies and usually play a tumor-suppressive role. In this study, we performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen to study a germinal center B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line (RC-K8). Using a summarizing method that is optimized to address the complexity introduced by the time-course design, we identified a distinct pattern of genetic essentialities in RC-K8, including a dependency onCREBBPandMDM2, shown already at early time points and a gradually increased dependency on oxidative phosphorylation related genes. The dependency onCREBBPis associated with the corresponding genetic alterations identified in this cell line, i.e. a balanced translocation involvesEP300, which resulted in a truncated form of protein that lacks the critical bromodomain and HAT domain. We further evaluated the previously published CRISPR-Cas9 screens and identified a genetic essentiality ofCREBBPorEP300gene in a small set of cancer cell lines, including several DLBCL cell lines that are highly sensitive forEP300knockout and withCREBBPmutations or copy number loss. The dependency of the remaining HAT function inCREBBPand/orEP300-deficient genotype was validated by testing the HAT-domain inhibitor A-485. Our study suggests that integration of the unbiased, time-course-based functional screen results with the genomic and transcriptomic data can identify druggable vulnerability in individual or subgroups of cell lines/patients, which may help to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for cancers that are genetically highly heterogeneous, like DLBCL.
Identifying a task-invariant cognitive reserve network using task potency
Authors: van Loenhoud A.C. , Habeck C. , van der Flier W.M. , Ossenkoppele R. , Stern Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCognitive reserve (CR) is thought to protect against the consequence of age- or disease-related structural brain changes across multiple cognitive domains. The neural basis of CR may therefore comprise a functional network that is actively involved in many different cognitive processes. To investigate the existence of such a “task-invariant” CR network, we measured functional connectivity in a cognitively normal sample between 20-80 years old (N=265), both at rest and during the performance of 11 separate tasks that aim to capture four latent cognitive abilities (i.e. vocabulary, episodic memory, processing speed, and fluid reasoning). For each individual, we determined the change in functional connectivity from the resting state to each task state, which is referred to as “task potency” (Chauvin et al., 2017; Chauvin et al., 2018). Task potency was calculated for each pair among 264 nodes (Power et al., 2011) and then summarized across tasks reflecting the same cognitive ability. Subsequently, we established the correlation between task potency and premorbid IQ or education (i.e. CR factors). We identified a set of 57 pairs in which task potency showed significant correlations with IQ, but not education, across all four cognitive abilities. These pairs were included in a principal component analysis, from which we extracted the first component to obtain a latent variable reflecting task potency in this task-invariant CR network. This task potency variable moderated the relationship between cortical thickness and episodic memory performance (β=−.64, p=.01), and showed a direct effect on fluid reasoning (β=.08, p<.01) after adjusting for the effects of cortical thickness. Our identification of this task-invariant network contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying CR, which may facilitate the development of CR-enhancing treatments. Our work also offers a useful alternative operational measure of CR future studies.
A mixture of three engineered phosphotriesterases enables rapid detoxification of the entire spectrum of known threat nerve agents
Authors: Despotovic Dragana , Aharon Einav , Dubovetskyi Artem , Leader Haim , Ashani Yacov , Tawfik Dan S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNerve agents are organophosphates that potently inhibit acetylcholinesterase and their enzymatic detoxification has been a long-standing goal. Nerve agents vary widely in size, charge, hydrophobicity, and the cleavable ester bond. A single enzyme is therefore unlikely to efficiently hydrolyze all agents. Here, we describe a mixture of three previously developed variants of the bacterial phosphotriesterase (Bd-PTE) that are highly stable and nearly sequence identical. This mixture enables effective detoxification of a broad spectrum of known threat agents – GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman), GF (cyclosarin), VX, and Russian-VX. The potential for dimer dissociation and exchange that could inactivateBd-PTE has minimal impact, and the three enzyme variants are as active in a mixture as they are individually. To our knowledge, this engineered enzyme ‘cocktail’ comprises the first solution for enzymatic detoxification of the entire range of threat nerve agents.
Origins and long-term patterns of copy-number variation in rhesus macaques
Authors: Thomas Gregg W.C , Wang Richard J. , Nguyen Jelena , Harris R. Alan , Raveendran Muthuswamy , Rogers Jeffrey , Hahn Matthew W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMutations play a key role in the development of disease in an individual and the evolution of traits within species. Recent work in humans and other primates has clarified the origins and patterns of single nucleotide variants, showing that most arise in the father’s germline during spermatogenesis. It remains unknown whether larger mutations, such as deletions and duplications of hundreds or thousands of nucleotides, follow similar patterns. Such mutations lead to copy-number variation (CNV) within and between species, and can have profound effects by deleting or duplicating genes. Here we analyze patterns of CNV mutations in 32 rhesus macaque individuals from 14 parent-offspring trios. We find the rate of CNV mutations per generation is low (less than one per genome) and we observe no correlation between parental age and the number of CNVs that are passed on to offspring. We also examine segregating CNVs within the rhesus macaque sample and compare them to a similar dataset from humans, finding that both species have far more segregating deletions than duplications. We contrast this with long-term patterns of gene copy-number evolution between 17 mammals, where the proportion of deletions that become fixed along the macaque lineage is much smaller than the proportion of segregating deletions. These results suggest purifying selection acting on deletions, such that the majority of them are removed from the population over time. Rhesus macaques are an important biomedical model organism, so these results will aid in our understanding of this species and the disease models it supports.