bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Civil Society in the Turbulent Times: Lessons from Poland
Authors: Domaradzka Anna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter develops some reflections presented at the ISTR webinar series The Future of Third Sector Research under the topic “Changes and Challenges in Civil Society Definitions: Learnings from International Perspectives and Dialogue” in April 2023. It reflects my perspective as an international civil society researcher based in Poland and some of my interests including social movements and their organizational platforms, leaders’ motivations, and the impact of technologies on the civic life. As a result, I try to underline the importance of reflecting on the dominant definitions of civil society from the point of view of growing complexity of the field and the involved struggles between its actors. The starting point is the tension between civil society as an object of measurement (embodied in John Hopkins project or UN Handbook) and the concept of civil sphere as defined by Jeffrey Alexander and embodied by various collective practices observable around the globe. In the context of modern discussion on the shrinking of the civil sphere (Siri Hummel et al.) and the rise of new forms of (digital) activism, the boundaries of civil society are being questioned repeatedly.
Multi-calorimetry in light-based neutrino detectors
Authors: Cabrera Anatael , Han Yang , Calvez Steven , Chauveau Emmanuel , Chen Hanyi , de Kerret Hervé , Dusini Stefano , Grassi Marco , Imbert Leonard , Li Jiajun , Mandujano Roberto Carlos , Navas-Nicolás Diana , Nunokawa Hiroshi , Obolensky Michel , Ochoa-Ricoux Juan Pedro , Pronost Guillaume , Viaud Benoit , Yermia Frédéric 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neutrino detectors are among the largest photon detection instruments, built to capture scarce photons upon energy deposition. Many discoveries in neutrino physics, including the neutrino itself, are inseparable from the advances in photon detection technology, particularly in photo-sensors and readout electronics, to yield ever higher precision and richer detection information. The measurement of the energy of neutrinos, referred to as calorimetry, can be achieved in two distinct approaches: photon-counting, where single-photon can be counted digitally, and photon-integration, where multi-photons are aggregated and estimated via analogue signals. The energy is pursued today to reach permille level systematics control precision in ever-vast volumes, exemplified by experiments like JUNO. The unprecedented precision brings to the foreground the systematics due to calorimetric response entanglements in energy, position and time that were negligible in the past, thus driving further innovation in calorimetry. This publication describes a novel articulation that detectors can be endowed with multiple photon detection systems. This multi-calorimetry approach opens the notion of dual-calorimetry detector, consisting of both photon-counting and photon-integration systems, as a cost-effective evolution from the single-calorimetry setups used over several decades for most experiments so far. The dual-calorimetry design exploits unique response synergies between photon-counting and photon-integration systems, including correlations and cancellations in calorimetric responses, to maximise the mitigation of response entanglements, thereby yielding permille-level high-precision calorimetry.
Free field realizations for rank-one SCFTs
Authors: Beem Christopher , Deb Anirudh , Martone Mario , Meneghelli Carlo , Rastelli Leonardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we construct the associated vertex operator algebras for all $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories of rank one. We give a uniform presentation through free-field realizations, which turns out to be a particularly suitable framework for this task. The elementary building blocks of the construction are dictated by the low energy degrees of freedom on the Higgs branch, which are well understood for rank-one theories. We further analyze the interplay between Higgs and Coulomb data on the moduli space of vacua, which tightly constrain the overall structure of the free field realizations. Our results suggest a plausible bottom-up classification scheme for low-rank SCFTs incorporating vertex algebra techniques.
The Carrollian limit of ModMax electrodynamics
Authors: Correa Francisco , Hernández Ankai , Oliva Julio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We consider the Carrollian limit of ModMax electrodynamics, namely the limit of vanishing speed of light, for the most general, four-dimensional, duality and conformal invariant electromagnetism. The theory is parameterized by a unique real constant γ, which remains playing a non-trivial role in the magnetic Carrollian case, while it can be removed in the electric Carrollian contraction, and we therefore focus in the former. Applying the technique of Lie point symmetries, we obtain that the magnetic limit is invariant under the Carrollian group, as well as under the local translation in Carrollian time x0→ x0′ = x0+f (xi) and xi→ xi′ = xi, with f being an arbitrary function. A diagonal part of the symmetries span the Conformal Carroll algebra of level 2, 𝔠𝔠𝔞𝔯𝔯2 in four dimensions. Two additional internal symmetries remain in the Carrollian limit of ModMax standing for the conformal invariance of the theory, as well as the invariance under duality transformations.
On the EFT of dyon-monopole catalysis
Authors: Bogojević S. , Burgess C. P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Monopole-fermion (and dyon-fermion) interactions provide a famous example where scattering from a compact object gives a cross section much larger than the object’s geometrical size. This underlies the phenomenon of monopole catalysis of baryon-number violation because the reaction rate is much larger in the presence of a monopole than in its absence. It is sometimes claimed to violate the otherwise generic requirement that short distance physics decouples from long-distance observables — a property that underpins the general utility of effective field theory (EFT) methods. Decoupling in this context is most simply expressed using point-particle effective field theories (PPEFTs) designed to capture systematically how small but massive objects influence their surroundings when probed only on length scales large compared to their size. These have been tested in precision calculations of how nuclear properties affect atomic energy levels for both ordinary and pionic atoms. We adapt the PPEFT formalism to describe low-energy S-wave dyon-fermion scattering with a view to understanding whether large catalysis cross sections violate decoupling (and show why they do not). We also explore the related but separate issue of the long-distance complications associated with polarizing the fermion vacuum exterior to a dyon and show in some circumstances how PPEFT methods can simplify calculations of low-energy fermion-dyon scattering in their presence. We propose an effective Hamiltonian governing how dyon excitations respond to fermion scattering in terms of a time-dependent vacuum angle and outline open questions remaining in its microscopic derivation.
T violation at a future neutrino factory
Authors: Kitano Ryuichiro , Sato Joe , Sugama Sho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the possibility of measuring T (time reversal) violation in a future long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. By assuming a neutrino factory as a staging scenario of a muon collider at the J-PARC site, we find that the νe → νμ oscillation probabilities can be measured with a good accuracy at the Hyper-Kamiokande detector. By comparing with the probability of the time-reversal process, νμ → νe, measured at the T2K/T2HK experiments, one can determine the CP phase δ in the neutrino mixing matrix if |sin(δ)| is large enough. The determination of δ can be made with poor knowledge of the matter density of the earth as T violation is almost insensitive to the matter effects. The comparison of CP and T-violation measurements, à la the CPT theorem, provides us with a non-trivial check of the three neutrino paradigm based on the quantum field theory.
Supergravity spectrum of AdS5 black holes
Authors: Ezroura Nizar , Larsen Finn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We embed Kerr-Newman-AdS black holes into $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 gauged supergravity and study quadratic fluctuations around the black hole backgrounds of all fields in the larger theory. The equations of motion of the perturbations are partially diagonalized by the group theory of broken symmetry. Nearly all fields in theory have non-minimal couplings, so their equations of motion are not merely massive Klein-Gordon equations with minimal coupling to background gauge fields, and their analogues for fields with spin. In the special case of extremal black holes we identify specific modes of instability, some of which touch supersymmetric locus. For example, we identify scalar fields in supergravity that condense in the near horizon region and transition the black hole into a superconducting phase. We also identify supergravity modes that are susceptible to superradiant instability.
A CFT dual for evaporating black holes: boundary continuous matrix product states
Authors: Vardian Niloofar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tensor network states, especially Matrix Product States (MPS), are crucial tools for studying how particles in large quantum systems are entangled with each other. MPS are particularly effective for modeling systems in one-dimensional space. Their continuous version, known as continuous Matrix Product States (cMPS), extends this approach to more complex quantum field theories that describe systems with an infinite number of interacting particles. This paper introduces a novel extension, boundary continuous Matrix Product States (BCMPS), which incorporate boundary states from conformal field theory (TFD state of two CFTs, let). We construct BCMPS and explore their potential holographic duals, linking them to black hole microstates with end-of-the-world branes in AdS/CFT. This connection hints at a deeper relationship between tensor networks and spacetime geometry, potentially offering new insights into the interplay between quantum information and gravity.
Finite N black hole cohomologies
Authors: Choi Jaehyeok , Choi Sunjin , Kim Seok , Lee Jehyun , Lee Siyul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study new cohomologies for the BPS operators of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Yang-Mills theory with SU(3) and SU(4) gauge groups, to better understand the black hole microstates. We first study the index of these black hole operators and identify their apparent threshold levels. For SU(3), we find many towers of states and partial no-hair behaviors. We explicitly construct the threshold cohomology in the SU(3) theory. We study throughout this paper a subsector of the field theory corresponding to the BMN matrix theory. We also argue that the BMN sector exhibits a black hole like entropy growth at large N.
Post AdS/CFT
Authors: Lowe David A. , Thorlacius Larus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Hamiltonian governing the gravitational interaction of N relativistic particles in a four-dimensional anti-de Sitter background is derived to leading order in Newton’s constant. The resulting pairwise interactions, combined with the confining nature of motion in anti-de Sitter spacetime, are expected to lead to classical chaos. In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, the emergence of a chaotic classical limit on the gravity side has important implications for the dual three-dimensional conformal field theory, including that the spectrum of conformal primary operators at strong coupling should exhibit level repulsion in line with the Wigner surmise.
Gradient corrections to the quantum effective action
Authors: Canevarolo Sofia , Prokopec Tomislav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We derive the quantum effective action up to second order in gradients and up to two-loop order for an interacting scalar field theory. This expansion of the effective action is useful to study problems in cosmological settings where spatial or time gradients are important, such as bubble nucleation in first-order phase transitions. Assuming spacetime dependent background fields, we work in Wigner space and perform a midpoint gradient expansion, which is consistent with the equations of motion satisfied by the propagator. In particular, we consider the fact that the propagator is non-trivially constrained by an additional equation of motion, obtained from symmetry requirements. At one-loop order, we show the calculations for the case of a single scalar field and then generalise the result to the multi-field case. While we find a vanishing result in the single field case, the one-loop second-order gradient corrections can be significant when considering multiple fields. As an example, we apply our result to a simple toy model of two scalar fields with canonical kinetic terms and mass mixing at tree-level. Finally, we calculate the two-loop one-particle irreducible (1PI) effective action in the single scalar field case, and obtain a nonrenormalisable result. The theory is rendered renormalisable by adding two-particle irreducible (2PI) counterterms, making the 2PI formalism the right framework for renormalization when resummed 1PI two-point functions are used in perturbation theory.
Genetic variation within the arctic-alpine Calamagrostis stricta (Poaceae) species complex in Europe
Authors: Champoud Luca , Grünig Sandra , Metry Adrian , Eggenberg Stefan , Kozlowski Gregor , Parisod Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Calamagrostis stricta (Poaceae) species complex is a circumpolar, boreo-arctic and montane taxon that includes numerous subspecies and varieties. The recent discovery of Calamagrostis lonana in the Alps calls for a thorough assessment of relationships within C. stricta. The main aim of our study was to elucidate the phylogenetic position, genetic structure and ploidy level of C. lonana, as compared to the other members of the C. stricta species complex from Central Europe to the Arctic. Fifteen populations of the C. stricta species complex were sampled across Central and Northern Europe, and their ploidy level was estimated using flow cytometry. Genetic variation was characterized using double digest RAD sequencing reads (ddRAD-seq) on a total of 115 individuals genotyped at 1157 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Based on flow cytometric measurements, tetraploidy was observed in Arctic populations from Northern Europe and C. lonana in the Alps, in contrast to other populations exhibiting higher ploidy levels. Calamagrostis lonana was genetically closely related to the arctic C. stricta subsp. groenlandica, while C. stricta subsp. stricta formed a second genetic cluster across Central Europe. A third, very distinct genetic cluster was observed in the northern Svalbard archipelago. Despite lacking evidence of sexual reproduction, substantially more genetic diversity than expected under asexual reproduction was detected within populations in C. lonana and other taxa. The distribution and genetic structure of the C. stricta species complex has been shaped by major post-glacial environmental changes having affected cold regions and specifically highlights C. lonana as a valuable relict taxon for the Alps.
Immediate Irradiation Induced Cerebral Water and Hemodynamic Response in Whole Brain Radiotherapy
Authors: Miettinen Heli , Lohela Jesse , Moradi Sadegh , Inget Kalle , Nikkinen Juha , Myllylä Teemu , Karhula Sakari S. , Korhonen Vesa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Effects of clinical radiotherapy are often studied between or after irradiations. The current study’s aim was to monitor an immediate irradiation response in cerebral water and hemodynamics in patients treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and to assess the response’s individuality.

Methods
We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to monitor changes in cerebral water, oxyhemoglobin (HbO), and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) during the irradiation of 31 patients (age 69.3 ± 12.5 years, 16 females) receiving WBRT. The radiation dose delivered to a patient during a single measurement was 4 Gy (total dose of 20 Gy in five fractions) for most patients and 3 Gy (total dose of 30 Gy in ten fractions) for three patients.

Results
106 patient recordings were analyzed. They showed an immediate irradiation induced increase in HbO and HbR, and decrease in cerebral water content (P < .001) as soon as 5 s after the start of irradiation. The radiation dose, age, and gender affected recorded signals. A smaller dose resulted in a steeper change in HbR (P < .01), but larger total change in HbO (P < .01). Younger age was associated with a more significant decrease in the water signal (P < .05). In contrast, female gender was associated with a greater total increase in HbO (P < .01) and HbR (P < .001) signals.

Conclusion
There is an immediate cerebral water and hemodynamic response to irradiation and this response shows dependency on the radiation dose, age, and gender. Better understanding about the immediate radiation response may help improve the patient outcome in clinical radiotherapy.
Consumption Dynamics in Mixed-Income Neighborhoods with Connected Households
Authors: Jungeilges Jochen , Nilssen Trygve Kastberg , Pavletsov Makar , Perevalova Tatyana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of household consumption in a setting in which households are connected across income classes. Low- and high-income households form preferences endogenously, conditional on their own and their neighbor’s past consumption. The modeling effort relies on a stochastic dynamic model of interdependent consumer choice in which the demand for commodities evolves according to a non-linear difference equation with stochastic initial states. The analysis targets a region of the parameter space that corresponds to salient features of a mixed-income neighborhood in which households are connected. Standard methods of asymptotic analysis of dynamic systems (e.g. bifurcation analysis) are combined with numerical simulation, statistical modelling of extreme events and statistical estimation techniques to investigate the dynamics. From the mathematical point of view, our analysis reveals the existence of intricate bifurcation pattern, coexistence of multiple attractors, complex basins and long transients. The essential economic finding states that key features of household consumption vary significantly in the influence the high-income households exert on the preference formation of the low-income households. In particular, we find that the prevalence of long transients, i.e. long waiting times before convergence to asymptotic states occur, is inversely related to the type of connectedness considered. We demonstrate that the dynamics of the consumption trajectory evolving over an extended time period before it settles on long-run simple consumption pattern, may not at all be captured by an asymptotic state. Thus, policies targeting the economies in mixed-income neighborhoods that are solely based on information about long-run consumption states, might trigger unwanted, unanticipated effects.
Factorization and irreducibility of composed products
Authors: Kölsch Lukas , Krompholz Lucas , Kyureghyan Gohar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBrawley and Carlitz introduced diamond products of elements of finite fields and associated composed products of polynomials in 1987. Composed products yield a method to construct irreducible polynomials of large composite degrees from irreducible polynomials of lower degrees. We show that the composed product of two irreducible polynomials of degrees m and n is again irreducible if and only if m and n are coprime and the involved diamond product satisfies a special cancellation property, the so-called conjugate cancellation. This completes the characterization of irreducible composed products, considered in several previous papers. More generally, we give precise criteria when a diamond product satisfies conjugate cancellation. For diamond products defined via bivariate polynomials, we prove simple criteria that characterize when conjugate cancellation holds. We also provide efficient algorithms to check these criteria. We achieve stronger results as well as more efficient algorithms in the case that the polynomials are bilinear. Lastly, we consider possible constructions of normal elements using composed products and the methods we developed.
Codes over $$\mathbb {F}_4$$ and $$\mathbb {F}_2 \times \mathbb {F}_2$$ and theta series of the corresponding lattices in quadratic fields
Authors: Freed Josline 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUsing codes defined over $$\mathbb {F}_4$$

F
4

and $$\mathbb {F}_2 \times \mathbb {F}_2$$

F
2

×

F
2

, we simultaneously define the theta series of corresponding lattices for both real and imaginary quadratic fields $$\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt{d})$$

Q
(

d

)

with $$d \equiv 1\mod 4$$

d
≡
1

mod

4

a square-free integer. For such a code, we use its weight enumerator to prove which term in the code’s corresponding theta series is the first to depend on the choice of d. For a given choice of real or imaginary quadratic field, we find conditions on the length of the code relative to the choice of quadratic field. When these conditions are satisfied, the generated theta series is unique to the code’s symmetric weight enumerator. We show that whilst these conditions ensure all non-equivalent codes will produce distinct theta series, for other codes that do not satisfy this condition, the length of the code and choice of quadratic field is not always enough to determine if the corresponding theta series will be unique.
TTF-1 negativity in synchronous M1b/M1c wildtype lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases predicts worse survival with increased risk of intracranial progression
Authors: Wasilewski David , Araceli Tommaso , Bischoff Philip , Früh Anton , Ates Rober , Murad Selin , Jung Niklas , Bukatz Jan , Samman Majd , Faust Katharina , Jünger Julia , Witzenrath Martin , Horst David , Baborie Atik , Koch Arend , Capper David , Heppner Frank L. , Radbruch Helena , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Schmidt Nils Ole , Vajkoczy Peter , Proescholdt Martin , Onken Julia , Frost Nikolaj 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1) expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has been studied for its prognostic value in early-stage and metastatic disease. Its role in brain metastasis remains unexplored. This study investigates the predictive value and association of TTF-1 status with clinicopathological variables in patients with synchronous LUAD brain metastases.

Material and methods
In this bicentric retrospective study, 245 patients with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve brain metastasis undergoing resection were included. Patient data were retrieved from electronic records. Outcomes included overall and progression-free survival. Statistical analysis included Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
Mean Ki67 index in TTF-1 negative patients was 43% [95% CI 38–48%] compared to 32% [95% CI 29–35%] in TTF-1 positive (TTF-1 +) patients (p < 0.001). Tumor volume was significantly larger in TTF-1 negative (TTF-1-) patients (mean volume 24 mL [95% CI 18–31 mL]) vs. 15 mL [95% CI 12–17 mL] in TTF-1 + patients (padjust = 0.003). Perifocal edema was smaller in TTF-1- patients (mean volume: 58 mL [95% CI 45–70 mL]) vs. 84 mL [95% CI 73–94 mL] in TTF-1 + patients (padjust = 0.077). Tumor and edema volume did not correlate. TTF-1- patients showed worse overall, intracranial, and extracranial progression-free survival. In a multivariable Cox model, positive TTF-1 status was independently associated with improved outcomes. Negative TTF-1 status was associated with increased hazard for intracranial disease progression compared to extracranial progression.

Conclusion
In synchronous LUAD brain metastases, TTF-1 negativity reflects an aggressive phenotype with larger proliferation capacity and tumor volume. Future research should explore the underlying cellular and molecular alterations of this phenotype.