bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Austrian firearm legislation and its effects on suicide and homicide mortality: A natural quasi-experiment amidst the global economic crisis
Authors: König Daniel , Swoboda Patrick , Cramer Robert J. , Krall Christoph , Postuvan Vita , Kapusta Nestor D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:Restriction of access to suicide methods has been shown to effectively reduce suicide mortality rates.Aims:To examine how the global economic crisis of 2008 and the firearm legislation reform of 1997 affected suicide and homicide mortality rate within Austria.Methods:Official data for the years 1985–2016 for firearm certificates, suicide, homicide, unemployment rates and alcohol consumption were examined using auto regressive error and Poisson regression models.Results:Firearm certificates, total suicide mortality rate, suicide and homicides by firearms, and the fraction of firearm suicides/homicides among all suicides/homicides decreased after the firearm legislation reform in 1997. However, significant trend changes can be observed after 2008. The availability of firearm certificates significantly increased and was accompanied by significant changes in trends of firearm suicide and homicide rates. Concurrently, the total suicide mortality rate in 2008, for the first time since 1985, stopped its decreasing trend. While the total homicide rate further decreased, the fraction of firearm homicides among all homicides significantly increased.Conclusion:The initially preventative effect of the firearm legislation reform in Austria in 1997 seems to have been counteracted by the global economic downturn of 2008. Increased firearm availability was associated with corresponding increases in both firearm suicide and firearm homicide mortality. Restrictive firearm legislation should be an imperative part of a country’s suicide prevention programme. Although firearm legislation reform may have long-lasting effects, societal changes may facilitate compensatory firearm acquisitions and thus counteract preventive efforts, calling in turn again for adapted counter-measures.
mRNA expression of transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels 2 and 7 in perinatal brain development
Authors: Ratnam Melanie , Chan Jonathan , Lesani Naghmeh , Sidorova‐Darmos Elena , Eubanks James H. , Aarts Michelle M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTRPM7 and TRPM2 are non‐specific cation channels of the Transient Receptor Potential channel superfamily. Each channel has gained attention for their potential to mediate oxidative and anoxic cell death (Rama and García, 2016; Nazıroğlu, 2011a; Abiria et al., 2017; Sun, 2017), however their physiological expression and roles in the developing brain remain poorly defined. We employed real‐time reverse transcription PCR to examine mRNA expression of TRPM7 and TRPM2 in the developing rat brain and brain‐specific cell types. We determined the temporal and spatial expression patterns at four developmental time points (postnatal day 7, 14, 21, and 90) in four critical regions of the brain (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) and examined gene expression in neuronal, astrocytic, and microglial primary cell cultures. Our results revealed that TRPM7 mRNA expression peaks in the cortex at 2‐weeks after birth, and thus correlates most closely with a period of rat brain development associated with neurite outgrowth, which is heightened at 2‐weeks after birth. Our cell‐specific gene expression assays revealed that TRPM7 was expressed at equivalent levels in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Conversely, TRPM2 was most highly expressed in microglia with little expression in neurons and astrocytes. In the hippocampus and striatum, the expression profile of TRPM2 parallels the perinatal expression timeline for microglial infiltration and maturation in the rat brain. Microglial maturation is highest from the time of birth, up to 7‐days, but subsequently declines. The latter developmental expression profiles indicate a role for TRPM2 in microglial activation.
The Role of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in the Conservative and Surgical Management of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: Does the Strength of the Pelvic Floor Muscles Matter?
Authors: Lasak Anna Maria , Jean‐Michel Marjorie , Le Phuong Uyen , Durgam Roshni , Harroche Jessica 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to provide an in‐depth overview of the role of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training in the management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The definition, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of SUI are described. We review the anatomy of the PFM and the importance of PFM strength in maintaining urinary continence and establishing normal voiding function. A brief description of the surgical options currently available for SUI and the existing data regarding the role of perioperative PFM training for SUI are included. Critical research questions to better evaluate and assess PFM training during the perioperative period are proposed. Promising novel approaches in the treatment of SUI are also presented. This review is useful for physiatrists, urogynecologists, female urologists, and nurse practitioners who specialize in the management and treatment of women with SUI.Level of EvidenceIV
Confidentiality, integrity and availability – finding a balanced IT framework
Authors: Aminzade Michael 
Published: May 2018

With the high level of cyber-risk facing organisations today, taking a thorough look at their risk management processes can be one of the most important activities of the year. Conducting a regular IT risk assessment is an essential task to ensure that the business's compliance standards are met. However, going above and beyond regulatory mandates, it is also vital for an organisation to be aware of what risks it is facing and what should be done to mitigate the threat and the impact. With the high level of cyber-risk facing organisations today, taking a thorough look at their risk management processes can be one of their most important activities. Conducting a regular IT risk assessment is an essential task to ensure that the compliance standards of the business are met. However, going above and beyond regulatory mandates, it is also vital for an organisation to be aware of what risks it is facing and what should be done to mitigate the threat and the impact, says Michael Aminzade of Trustwave.
The miners strike – addressing the crypto-currency threat to enterprise networks
Authors: Caldwell Tracey 
Published: May 2018

The proliferation of crypto-currency has led inevitably to high-profile impacts on networks. In February, crypto-mining hackers hit more than 4,000 websites around the world, including UK government websites, the UK student loans company, the US courts and the City University of New York. They inserted Coinhive's Monero miner into every web page offering the Browsealoud plug-in that enables blind and partially sighted people to access web content. 1 Visitors to these websites found themselves inadvertently mining for crypto-currency. The proliferation of crypto-currency has led to high-profile impacts on networks. Crypto-mining presents a number of risks to enterprise networks, ranging from enterprises' websites being hijacked to staff installing coin-mining plugins. Most major crypto-currencies such as Bitcoin can now only be mined using enterprise-level computing power, thus making enterprise networks a juicy target for illicit mining software. At the same time, more recent crypto-currencies such as Monero may still be mined using the CPU power of an individual device – which could be in your corporate network. Tracey Caldwell explores the threats and what can be done about them.
Safe talk: setting the standard for secure communications
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve 
Published: May 2018

The popularity of apps such as WhatsApp, Proton Mail and even, in its day, BlackBerry Messenger, shows that there is an appetite in the market for communications solutions that cater to people's needs for privacy and security. However, the focus has often been on consumer-oriented offerings and siloed, proprietary solutions. As Elisabetta Zaccaria and Roderick Hodgson of Secure Chorus explain in this interview, when it comes to enterprises and governments, there's a need for standards and compatibility in secure communications technology. The popularity of apps such as WhatsApp and Proton Mail shows that there is an appetite in the market for communications solutions that cater to people's needs for privacy and security. However, the focus has often been on consumer-oriented offerings and siloed, proprietary solutions. As Elisabetta Zaccaria and Roderick Hodgson of Secure Chorus explain in this interview, when it comes to enterprises and governments, there's a need for standards and compatibility in secure communications technology.
‘You are the music while the music lasts’: Kwame Tua between the Asante and the British
Authors: McCaskie Tom 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article is an interpretive biography of Kwame Tua (c.1865–1950), one of millions of Africans born into an independent society that was overtaken by colonial conquest and overrule. Kwame Tua was from Asante, now in the republic of Ghana, and held the ascriptive status of a royal servant (ahenkwaa) who might have expected a specialist career as a royal hornblower. He was musically very gifted. However, after ruinous civil wars in the 1880s, the Asante king was sent into exile in 1896, and from 1901 to 1957 his kingdom was a British Crown Colony. This article discusses Kwame Tua's responses to these radically altered circumstances and his efforts to forge a place and identity for himself between the new imperial order and his Asante inheritance. It is argued throughout that the pursuit of detail is all in such a study so that we can get as close as possible to the personality of the individual in interaction with the times he lived through.
‘My desire is to be the possessor of all the best books in this world of struggle’: respectability and literary materialism in colonial Ibadan
Authors: Watson Ruth 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article argues for the importance of ‘literary materialism’ in colonial African understandings of respectability. It draws attention to a particular form of acquisitiveness that placed value on the materiality of literary things. That is, literary objects – books, journals, magazines, notebooks, diaries and encyclopaedia volumes – were valued for their material and physical qualities as well as for their use in imparting ‘knowledge’. They had the capacity, in Bourdieu's terms, to display cultural capital. My focus is Akinpelu Obisesan, a voluminous diarist whose life spanned the entire colonial period in the Yoruba city of Ibadan. The article first re-examines Obisesan's early years of diary writing, particularly how the activity related to his professional identity as a clerk, and then goes on to reconstruct the fraught circumstances that surrounded his purchase of the Encyclopaedia Britannica between 1928 and 1931. Obisesan struggled to pay his debt for the encyclopaedia, and all the time used his diary to confess his dire financial state. Ultimately, his claim to the cultural capital that the encyclopaedia embodied was undermined by his lack of economic resources.
Infrastructures of utopia: ruination and regeneration of the African future
Authors: de Jong Ferdinand , Valente-Quinn Brian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRuination has recently received much attention as a defining aspect of the materiality of modernity. Less attention is given to the processes of regeneration that occur within sites of ruination. In this article, we examine how processes of ruination and regeneration are folded into each other, by looking at the materiality of a single site, a small village in the vicinity of Dakar, Senegal. By building the University of the African Future at Sébikotane, the Senegalese president has sought to rekindle the spirit of excellence that inspired education at the École normale William Ponty in a Pan-African spirit. As part of a larger plan for urban expansion, the site of Sébikotane has inspired hope for development. Examining how the different temporalities of utopian modernism and Afro-nostalgia intersect in the ruined site, this article reflects on the ruination of African futures on a site of ever renascent utopian infrastructures.
Spatial distribution of coal-fired power plants in China
Authors: Xie Lunyu , Huang Ying , Qin Ping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCoal has fueled China's rapid growth in recent decades, but it also severely pollutes the air and causes many health issues. The magnitude of the health damage caused by air pollution depends on the location of emission sources. In this paper, we look into the spatial distribution of coal-fired power plants, which are the major emission sources in China, and investigate the determining factors behind the distribution. We find that the driving factors are economic development and expansion of electricity grid coverage; the latter factor plays a key role in provinces that are less developed but have abundant coal resources. This suggests a way to reduce health damages caused by air pollution without harming the economy: attracting coal-fired plants to less populated areas by developing trans-province electricity trade and grid coverage.
Neuroglobin mediates neuroprotection of hypoxic postconditioning against transient global cerebral ischemia in rats through preserving the activity of Na+/K+ ATPases
Authors: Wen Haixia , Liu Liu , Zhan Lixuan , Liang Donghai , Li Luxi , Liu Dandan , Sun Weiwen , Xu En 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHypoxic postconditioning (HPC) is an innovative neuroprotective strategy with cytoprotective effects on the hippocampal neurons against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) in adult rats. However, its molecular mechanisms have not yet been adequately elucidated. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogenous neuroprotectant with hypoxia-inducible property, and its role in experimental stroke has been increasingly attractive. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the involvement of Ngb in HPC-mediated neuroprotection and to further investigate its underlying molecular mechanism. We found that HPC increased Ngb expression in CA1 subregion after tGCI. Also, the inhibition of Ngb expression with Ngb antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODNs) eliminated the neuroprotective effect mediated by HPC, whereas overexpression of Ngb ameliorated neuronal damage in CA1 after tGCI, indicating that HPC conferred neuroprotective effects via upregulation of Ngb. We further showed that HPC increased the membranous level of Na+/K+ ATPases β1 subunit (Atp1b1) in CA1 after tGCI. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ngb upregulation in CA1 after HPC maintained the membranous level of Atp1b1 through Ngb–Atp1b1 interaction and reduced the glutathionylation of membranous Atp1b1 via suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately preserving the activity of NKA. Taken together, these data indicate that Ngb is involved in the neuroprotection of HPC against tGCI via maintenance of NKA activity in the hippocampal CA1.
Pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 mediates angiogenesis by modulating GATA2-dependent VEGFR2 transcription
Authors: Wang Huawei , Lapek John , Fujimura Ken , Strnadel Jan , Liu Bei , Gonzalez David J. , Zhang Wei , Watson Felicia , Yu Vicky , Liu Chao , Melo Carina Muccilo , Miller Yury I. , Elliott Kathryn C. , Cheresh David A. , Klemke Richard L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPEAK1 is a newly described tyrosine kinase and scaffold protein that transmits integrin-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) signals to facilitate cell movement and growth. While aberrant expression of PEAK1 has been linked to cancer progression, its normal physiological role in vertebrate biology is not known. Here we provide evidence that PEAK1 plays a central role in orchestrating new vessel formation in vertebrates. Deletion of the PEAK1 gene in zebrafish, mice, and human endothelial cells (ECs) induced severe defects in new blood vessel formation due to deficiencies in EC proliferation, survival, and migration. Gene transcriptional and proteomic analyses of PEAK1-deficient ECs revealed a significant loss of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mRNA and protein expression, as well as downstream signaling to its effectors, ERK, Akt, and Src kinase. PEAK1 regulates VEGFR2 expression by binding to and increasing the protein stability of the transcription factor GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2), which controls VEGFR2 transcription. Importantly, PEAK1-GATA2-dependent VEGFR2 expression is mediated by EC adhesion to the ECM and is required for breast cancer-induced new vessel formation in mice. Also, elevated expression of PEAK1 and VEGFR2 mRNA are highly correlated in many human cancers including breast cancer. Together, our findings reveal a novel PEAK1-GATA2-VEGFR2 signaling axis that integrates cell adhesion and growth factor cues from the extracellular environment necessary for new vessel formation during vertebrate development and cancer.
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are a profibrogenic immune cell population in the liver
Authors: Hegde Pushpa , Weiss Emmanuel , Paradis Valérie , Wan Jinghong , Mabire Morgane , Sukriti Sukriti , Rautou Pierre-Emmanuel , Albuquerque Miguel , Picq Olivia , Gupta Abhishak Chandra , Ferrere Gladys , Gilgenkrantz Hélène , Kiaf Badr , Toubal Amine , Beaudoin Lucie , Lettéron Philippe , Moreau Richard , Lehuen Agnès , Lotersztajn Sophie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLiver fibrosis is the common response to chronic liver injury, and leads to cirrhosis and its complications. Persistent inflammation is a driving force of liver fibrosis progression. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are non-conventional T cells that display altered functions during chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that circulating MAIT cells are reduced in patients with alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related cirrhosis while they accumulate in liver fibrotic septa. Using two models of chronic liver injury, we demonstrate that MAIT cell-enriched mice show increased liver fibrosis and accumulation of hepatic fibrogenic cells, whereas MAIT cell-deficient mice are resistant. Co-culture experiments indicate that MAIT cells enhance the proinflammatory properties of monocyte-derived macrophages, and promote mitogenic and proinflammatory functions of fibrogenic cells, via distinct mechanisms. Our results highlight the profibrogenic functions of MAIT cells and suggest that targeting MAIT cells may constitute an attractive antifibrogenic strategy during chronic liver injury.
Recurrent rearrangements of FOS and FOSB define osteoblastoma
Authors: Fittall Matthew W. , Mifsud William , Pillay Nischalan , Ye Hongtao , Strobl Anna-Christina , Verfaillie Annelien , Demeulemeester Jonas , Zhang Lei , Berisha Fitim , Tarabichi Maxime , Young Matthew D. , Miranda Elena , Tarpey Patrick S. , Tirabosco Roberto , Amary Fernanda , Grigoriadis Agamemnon E. , Stratton Michael R. , Van Loo Peter , Antonescu Cristina R. , Campbell Peter J. , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Behjati Sam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe transcription factor FOS has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone tumours, following the discovery that the viral homologue, v-fos, caused osteosarcoma in laboratory mice. However, mutations of FOS have not been found in human bone-forming tumours. Here, we report recurrent rearrangement of FOS and its paralogue, FOSB, in the most common benign tumours of bone, osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma. Combining whole-genome DNA and RNA sequences, we find rearrangement of FOS in five tumours and of FOSB in one tumour. Extending our findings into a cohort of 55 cases, using FISH and immunohistochemistry, provide evidence of ubiquitous mutation of FOS or FOSB in osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma. Overall, our findings reveal a human bone tumour defined by mutations of FOS and FOSB.
Mitochondrial DNA is unsuitable to test for isolation by distance
Authors: Teske Peter R. , Golla Tirupathi Rao , Sandoval-Castillo Jonathan , Emami-Khoyi Arsalan , van der Lingen Carl D. , von der Heyden Sophie , Chiazzari Brent , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTests for isolation by distance (IBD) are the most commonly used method of assessing spatial genetic structure. Many studies have exclusively used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences to test for IBD, but this marker is often in conflict with multilocus markers. Here, we report a review of the literature on IBD, with the aims of determining (a) whether significant IBD is primarily a result of lumping spatially discrete populations, and (b) whether microsatellite datasets are more likely to detect IBD when mtDNA does not. We also provide empirical data from four species in which mtDNA failed to detect IBD by comparing these with microsatellite and SNP data. Our results confirm that IBD is mostly found when distinct regional populations are pooled, and this trend disappears when each is analysed separately. Discrepancies between markers were found in almost half of the studies reviewed, and microsatellites were more likely to detect IBD when mtDNA did not. Our empirical data rejected the lack of IBD in the four species studied, and support for IBD was particularly strong for the SNP data. We conclude that mtDNA sequence data are often not suitable to test for IBD, and can be misleading about species’ true dispersal potential. The observed failure of mtDNA to reliably detect IBD, in addition to being a single-locus marker, is likely a result of a selection-driven reduction in genetic diversity obscuring spatial genetic differentiation.
New insights into the origin of remote PPG signals in visible light and infrared
Authors: Moço Andreia V. , Stuijk Sander , de Haan Gerard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRemote photoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical measurement technique with established applications in vital signs monitoring. Recently, the consensual understanding of blood volume variations (BVVs) as the origin of PPG signals was challenged, raising validity concerns about the remote SpO2methodology. Recognizing the imperative for new opto-physiological evidence, this investigation supports the volumetric hypothesis with living skin experiments and Monte Carlo simulations of remote PPG-amplitude in visible light (VIS) and infrared (IR). Multilayered models of the skin were developed to simulate the separate contributions from skin layers containing pulsatile arterioles to the PPG signal in the 450–1000 nm range. The simulated spectra were qualitatively compared with observations of the resting and compressed finger pad, and complemented with videocapillaroscopy. Our results indicate that remote PPG systems indeed probe arterial blood. Green wavelengths probe dermal arterioles while red-IR wavelengths also reach subcutaneous BVVs. Owing to stable penetration depths, the red-IR diagnostic window promotes the invariance of SpO2measurements to skin non-homogeneities.