bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Nanogate System for Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Based on Diels–Alder Adducts
Authors: Castillo Rafael R. , Hernández‐Escobar David , Gómez‐Graña Sergio , Vallet‐Regí María 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe implementation of nanoparticles as nanomedicines requires sophisticated surface modifications to reduce the immune response and enhance recognition abilities. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles present extraordinary host–guest abilities and facile surface functionalization. These two factors make them ideal candidates for the development of novel drug‐delivery systems, at the expense of increasing structural complexity. With this idea in mind, a system composed of triggerable and tunable silica nanoparticles was developed for application as drug‐delivery nanocarriers. Diels–Alder cycloaddition adducts were chosen as thermal‐responsive units that permitted the binding of gold nanocaps able to block the pores and allow the incorporation of targeting fragments. The capping efficiency was tested under different thermal conditions to give outstanding efficiencies within the physiological range and mild temperatures, as well as enhanced release under pulsing heating cycles, which showed the best release profiles.
Anthracene Bisureas as Powerful and Accessible Anion Carriers
Authors: Dias Christopher M. , Valkenier Hennie , Davis Anthony P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSynthetic anion carriers (anionophores) have potential as biomedical research tools and as treatments for conditions arising from defective natural transport systems (notably cystic fibrosis). Highly active anionophores that are readily accessible and easily deliverable are especially valuable. Previous work has resulted in steroid and trans‐decalin based anionophores with exceptional activity for chloride/nitrate exchange in vesicles, but poor accessibility and deliverability. This work shows that anthracene 1,8‐bisureas can fulfil all three criteria. In particular, a bis‐nitrophenyl derivative is prepared in two steps from commercial starting materials, yet shows comparable transport activity to the best currently known. Moreover, unlike earlier highly active systems, it does not need to be preincorporated in test vesicles but can be introduced subsequent to vesicle formation. This transporter also shows the ability to transfer between vesicles, and is therefore uniquely effective for anion transport at low transporter loadings. The results suggest that anthracene bisureas are promising candidates for application in biological research and medicine.
Cooperative Iodide Pd(0)‐Catalysed Coupling of Alkoxyallenes and N‐Tosylhydrazones: A Selective Synthesis of Conjugated and Skipped Dienes
Authors: Parisotto Stefano , Palagi Lorenzo , Prandi Cristina , Deagostino Annamaria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPalladium(0)‐catalysed hydro‐alkylation or ‐alkenylation of alkoxyallenes with N‐tosylhydrazones gives direct access to conjugated and skipped 1‐alkoxydienes with high efficiency and excellent functional‐group compatibility. The reaction is proposed to involve the in situ‐formed t‐butanol as proton source in the key step of the allylpalladium(II) species generation. Moreover, lithium iodide or iodobenzene are employed as an unprecedented iodide (I−) reservoir to sustain the catalytic cycle.
Metal‐ and Reagent‐Free Anodic C−C Cross‐Coupling of Phenols with Benzofurans leading to a Furan Metathesis
Authors: Lips Sebastian , Frontana‐Uribe Bernardo Antonio , Dörr Maurice , Schollmeyer Dieter , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHeterobiaryls consisting of a phenol and a benzofuran motif are of significant importance for pharmaceutical applications. An attractive sustainable, metal‐ and reagent‐free, electrosynthetic, and highly efficient method, that allows access to (2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzofurans is presented. Upon the electrochemical dehydrogenative C−C cross‐coupling reaction, a metathesis of the benzo moiety at the benzofuran occurs. This gives rise to a substitution pattern at the hydroxyphenyl moiety which would not be compatible by a direct coupling process. The single‐step protocol is easy to conduct in an undivided electrolysis cell, therefore scalable, and inherently safe.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Fully Benzenoid Single and Double Carbohelicenes via Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation
Authors: Satoh Masakazu , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of fully benzenoid single and double carbo[6]helicenes has been achieved via the gold‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation. The single crystal of the racemic double carbo[6]helicene consists of unique layer structures like timbers with halving joints in the woodworking. Furthermore, the double carbo[6]helicenes exhibited relatively large CPL activities among chiral small organic molecules.
Engineering Anisotropically Curved Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Recyclable Binary Flux for Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Li Jie , Lai Yanqing , Xu Ming , Li Junming , Wang Peng , Zhang Zhian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs a low‐cost substitute of graphene and graphene derivatives, 2D carbon nanosheets are considered to be attractive materials for high‐performance electrochemical energy‐storage devices. Nevertheless, the lack of cost‐effective and green preparation methods still greatly impedes the application of 2D carbon nanosheets in sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, an environmental friendly and versatile strategy is proposed to engineer anisotropically curved nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets (CNCNs) derived from biosources with hydrosoluble and recyclable flux. After undergoing serious corrosion from the LiCl/KCl binary flux, the resulting CNCNs possess high structural stability. Notably, the CNCNs also possess a rational specific surface area, open porous structure, and abundant accessible edges, which can shorten the ion‐diffusion path, provide abundant accessible active sites, and result in less charge‐transfer impedance and excellent sodium‐ion diffusion coefficient (8.9×10−10 cm2 s−1). As a consequence, CNCN electrodes can deliver a high specific capacity of 361.6 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. Such architecture provides a promising structural platform for the fabrication of 2D carbons for highly reversible and high capacity sodium‐ion batteries.
Cytomorphologic patterns of Pap and PAS‐stained oral exfoliative cytology smears in adult Saudi diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls
Authors: Salih Magdi Mansour , El‐Esawy Basem Hassan , Abd El hafez Amal , Abd El‐Hafez Afaf 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and 425 million people were estimated to have diabetes by 2017. Oral manifestations reflect the metabolic control of diabetes. Exfoliative cytology using Papanicolaou (Pap) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains is a practical technique to evaluate oral epithelial cytomorphologic changes in diabetes.AimThis study analyzes the cytomorphologic changes and the glycogen content in exfoliated oral epithelial cells among diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls using Pap and PAS stains to verify the utility of exfoliative cytology as adjunct to diagnosis, follow up or screening of diabetes.Subjects and MethodsEighty‐nine participants; 38 adult diabetic patients (case group) and 51 age‐matching nondiabetics (control group) were enrolled in the study after fulfilling appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling and staining procedures were performed using routine protocols. Slides were observed by two pathologists and categorized as inflammatory, dyskaryotic and negative. Glycogen content was expressed as PAS negative or +, ++, and +++ positive.ResultsThe difference between the diabetics and the controls was statistically significant regarding inflammatory, dyskaryotic/nuclear changes and glycogen content and staining intensity. Other observed finding in diabetic patient smears included binucleation, polychromic, and/or vacuolated cytoplasm.ConclusionsCytomorphologic changes of oral epithelial cells reflect the complex pathological mechanisms by which DM affects cellular metabolism and function. Cytomorphologic patterns of Pap and PAS‐stained oral exfoliative cytology smears can be helpful for diagnosis, follow up as well as for screening for diabetes in high prevalence communities.
Stormwater wetlands can function as ecological traps for urban frogs
Authors: Sievers Michael , Parris Kirsten M. , Swearer Stephen E. , Hale Robin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAround cities, natural wetlands are rapidly being destroyed and replaced with wetlands constructed to treat stormwater. Although the intended purpose of these wetlands is to manage urban stormwater, they are inhabited by wildlife that might be exposed to contaminants. These effects will be exacerbated if animals are unable to differentiate between stormwater treatment wetlands of varying quality and some function as “ecological traps” (i.e., habitats that animals prefer despite fitness being lower than in other habitats). To examine if urban stormwater wetlands can be ecological traps for frogs, we tested if survival, metamorphosis‐related measures, and predator avoidance behaviors of frogs differed within mesocosms that simulated stormwater wetlands with different contaminant levels, and paired this with a natural oviposition experiment to assess breeding‐site preferences. We provide the first empirical evidence that these wetlands can function as ecological traps for frogs. Tadpoles had lower survival and were less responsive to predator olfactory cues when raised in more polluted stormwater wetlands, but also reached metamorphosis earlier and at a larger size. A greater size at metamorphosis was likely a result of increased per capita food availability due to higher mortality combined with eutrophication, although other compensatory effects such as selective‐mortality removing smaller individuals from low‐quality mesocosms may also explain these results. Breeding adults laid comparable numbers of eggs across wetlands with high and low contaminant levels, indicating no avoidance of the former. Since stormwater treatment wetlands are often the only available aquatic habitat in urban landscapes we need to better understand how they perform as habitats to guide management decisions that mitigate their potential ecological costs. This may include improving wetland quality so that fitness is no longer compromised, preventing colonization by animals, altering the cues animals use when selecting habitats, pretreating contaminated water prior to release, providing off‐line wetlands nearby, or simply not constructing stormwater treatment wetlands in sensitive areas. Our study confirms the potential for urban stormwater treatment wetlands to function as ecological traps and highlights the need for greater awareness of their prevalence and impact at landscape scales.
Dropout from cognitive‐behavioral therapy for eating disorders: A meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled trials
Authors: Linardon Jake , Hindle Annemarie , Brennan Leah 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveCognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for a range of eating disorder presentations, yet premature dropout is one factor that might limit CBTs effectiveness. Improved understanding of dropout from CBT for eating disorders is important. This meta‐analysis aimed to study dropout from CBT for eating disorders in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), by (a) identifying the types of dropout definitions applied, (b) providing estimates of dropout, (c) comparing dropout rates from CBT to non‐CBT interventions for eating disorders, and (d) testing moderators of dropout.MethodRCTs of CBT for eating disorders that reported rates of dropout were searched. Ninety‐nine RCTs (131 CBT conditions) were included.ResultsDropout definitions varied widely across studies. The overall dropout estimate was 24% (95% CI = 22–27%). Diagnostic type, type of dropout definition, baseline symptom severity, study quality, and sample age did not moderate this estimate. Dropout was highest among studies that delivered internet‐based CBT and was lowest in studies that delivered transdiagnostic enhanced CBT. There was some evidence that longer treatment protocols were associated with lower dropout. No significant differences in dropout rates were observed between CBT and non‐CBT interventions for all eating disorder subtypes.ConclusionPresent study dropout estimates are hampered by the use of disparate dropout definitions applied. This meta‐analysis highlights the urgency for RCTs to utilize a standardized dropout definition and to report as much information on patient dropout as possible, so that strategies designed to minimize dropout can be developed, and factors predictive of CBT dropout can be more easily identified.
Plant soil feedback strength in relation to large‐scale plant rarity and phylogenetic relatedness
Authors: Kempel Anne , Rindisbacher Abiel , Fischer Markus , Allan Eric 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding why some species are rare while others are common remains a central and fascinating question in ecology. Recently, interactions with soil organisms have been shown to affect local abundances of plant species within communities, however, it is not known whether they might also drive patterns of rarity at large scales. Further, little is known about the specificity of soil‐feedback effects, and whether closely related plants share more soil pathogens than more distantly related plants. In a multi‐species soil‐feedback experiment (using 19 species) we tested whether regionally and locally rare species differed in their response to soil biota. Regional rarity was measured using range size or IUCN status and local rarity by typical abundance within an area. All species were grown on soils trained by a variety of regionally and locally rare and common species, which also varied in their degree of relatedness to the target. We found that, in general, regionally rare species suffered more than twice as much from soil biota than regionally common species. Soil cultured by regionally rare species also had a more negative effect on subsequent plant growth, suggesting they may have also accumulated more pathogens. Local rarity did not predict feedback strength. Further, soil trained by closely related plants had a more negative effect on growth than soil trained by distant relatives, which indicates a phylogenetic signal in the host range of soil biota. We conclude that soil biota may well contribute to plant rarity at large spatial scales, which offers a novel explanation for plant rarity and commonness. Moreover, our results show that phylogenetic relatedness between plants was a good predictor of the likelihood that two plant species interacted negatively via soil biota, which might mean that soil pathogens could prevent the coexistence of closely related plants and could drive patterns of phylogenetic overdispersion. Our results suggest that soil pathogens could restrict the ability of rare species to shift their ranges and might need to be considered by conservation biologists seeking to protect populations of rare plants.
Demonstration of Loss‐reduction Effect of the Amorphous Cores for Larger‐Capacity Transformers by Trial Manufacture
Authors: KURITA NAOYUKI , NISHIMIZU AKIRA , MOROOKA HISASHI , KOBAYASHI CHIE , MIYAMOTO NAOYA , HAMADATE YOSHIO , ISHIGAMI TAKASHI , YAMADA YU , SASAKI KOUJI , SATAKE TAKAHIRO , FUKUYAMA TETSUYA 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYFor the demonstration of feasibility and loss‐reduction effect of the larger‐capacity amorphous core transformers (AMT), this paper proposed the support structure and design method of the iron‐loss reduced amorphous wound cores with a weight of 7 tons. We designed and manufactured 10 MVA single‐phase test model with the cores inserted in a support cage having structures of the stress‐buffered core support, the proof electromagnetic force from the windings, and the stray loss‐reducing shields. The 50%‐loaded total loss of the test model estimated from the calculated and measured results has been reduced by 35% compared with a conventional silicon‐steel core transformer (SST) with the same power capacity.
Plaque‐dependent morphological and electrophysiological heterogeneity of microglia in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Plescher Monika , Seifert Gerald , Hansen Jan Niklas , Bedner Peter , Steinhäuser Christian , Halle Annett 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMicroglia, the central nervous system resident innate immune cells, cluster around Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The activation phenotype of these plaque‐associated microglial cells, and their differences to microglia distant to Aβ plaques, are incompletely understood. We used novel three‐dimensional cell analysis software to comprehensively analyze the morphological properties of microglia in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD in spatial relation to Aβ plaques. We found strong morphological changes exclusively in plaque‐associated microglia, whereas plaque‐distant microglia showed only minor changes. In addition, patch‐clamp recordings of microglia in acute cerebral slices of TgCRND8 mice revealed increased K+ currents in plaque‐associated but not plaque‐distant microglia. Within the subgroup of plaque‐associated microglia, two different current profiles were detected. One subset of cells displayed only increased inward currents, while a second subset showed both increased inward and outward currents, implicating that the plaque microenvironment differentially impacts microglial ion channel expression. Using pharmacological channel blockers, multiplex single‐cell PCR analysis and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified Kir and Kv channel types contributing to the in‐ and outward K+ conductance in plaque‐associated microglia. In summary, we have identified a previously unrecognized level of morphological and electrophysiological heterogeneity of microglia in relation to amyloid plaques, suggesting that microglia may display multiple activation states in AD.
Thirty‐day readmission in patients undergoing head and neck microvascular reconstruction
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Schrank Travis P. , Worley Mitchell L. , Momin Suhael R. , Day Terry A. , Huang Andrew T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundCharacteristics of 30‐day unplanned readmissions after head and neck microvascular reconstruction remain poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent head and neck microvascular reconstruction between 2010 and 2015.ResultsThe 30‐day unplanned readmission rate was 13.0% (64/493). The most common readmission diagnoses were dehiscence, surgical site infection, or fistula (45.3%; n = 29). Of the readmissions, 46.9% (30/64) occurred within 7 days of discharge from the hospital. Risk factors for readmission on multivariable analysis included body mass index (BMI) < 21 kg/m (odds ratio [OR] 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36‐4.47), primary site of oropharynx (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.17‐6.06), hypopharynx/larynx (OR 3.66; 95% CI 1.70‐7.88), or sinonasal/skull base (OR 4.07; 95% CI 1.43‐11.55), and fistula during the index hospitalization (OR 2.98; 95% CI 1.22‐7.24).ConclusionMore than 1 in 10 patients undergoing head and neck microvascular reconstruction has a 30‐day unplanned readmission, most commonly related to wound complications. Further efforts are needed to determine optimal 30‐day unplanned readmission reduction strategies.
Bridging the gap between numerical solutions of travel time distributions and analytical storage selection functions
Authors: Danesh‐Yazdi Mohammad , Klaus Julian , Condon Laura E. , Maxwell Reed M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent advancements in analytical solutions to quantify water and solute travel time distributions (TTDs) and the related StorAge Selection (SAS) functions synthesize catchment complexity into a simplified, lumped representation. Although these analytical approaches are efficient in application, they require rarely available long‐term and high‐frequency hydrochemical data for parameter estimation. Alternatively, integrated hydrologic models coupled to Lagrangian particle‐tracking approaches can directly simulate age under different catchment geometries and complexity, but at a greater computational expense. Here, we bridge the two approaches, using a physically based model to explore the uncertainty in the estimation of the SAS function shape. In particular, we study the influence of subsurface heterogeneity, interactions between distinct flow domains (i.e., the vadose zone and saturated groundwater), diversity of flow pathways, and recharge rate on the shape of TTDs and the SAS functions. We use an integrated hydrology model, ParFlow, linked with a particle‐tracking model, SLIM, to compute transient residence times (or ages) at every cell in the domain, facilitating a direct characterization of the SAS function. Steady‐state results reveal that the SAS function shape shows a wide range of variation with respect to the variability in the structure of subsurface heterogeneity. Ensembles of spatially correlated realizations of hydraulic conductivity indicate that the SAS functions in the saturated groundwater have an overall weak tendency toward sampling younger ages, whereas the vadose zone gives a strong preference for older ages. We further show that the influence of recharge rate on the TTD is tightly dependent on the variability of subsurface hydraulic conductivity.
Genotypic effect of a mutation of the MYBPC3 gene and two phenotypes with different patterns of inheritance
Authors: Mahdieh Nejat , Hosseini Moghaddam Maryam , Motavaf Mahsa , Rabbani Ahmad , Soveizi Mahdieh , Maleki Majid , Rabbani Bahareh , Alizadeh‐asl Azin 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundMYBPC3 mutations have been described in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). A mutation, c.3373G>A, has been reported to cause autosomal recessive form of HCM. Here, we report that this mutation can cause autosomal dominant form of DCM.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing using targeted panel of a total of 23 candidate genes and following Sanger sequencing was applied to detect causal mutations of DCM. Computational analyses were also performed using available software tools. In silico structural and functional analyses including protein modeling and prediction were done for the mutated MYBPC3 protein.Results and ConclusionTargeted sequencing showed one variant c.3373G>A (p.Val1125Met) in the studied family following autosomal dominant inheritance. Computational programs predicted a high score of pathogenicity. Secondary structure of the region surrounding p.Val1125 was changed to a shortened beta‐strand based on prediction of I‐TASSER and Phyre2 servers with high confidence value for the mutation. cMyBP‐C protein was modeled to 3dmkA. Our findings suggest that one single mutation of MYBPC3 may have different effects on the cellular mechanisms based of its zygosity. Various factors might be considered for explaining this phenomenon. This gene may have an important role in Iranian DCM and HCM patients.