bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
c-Met Signaling Is Essential for Mouse Adult Liver Progenitor Cells Expansion After Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Regulates Cell Phenotypic Switch
Authors: Almalé Laura , García-Álvaro María , Martínez-Palacián Adoración , García-Bravo María , Lazcanoiturburu Nerea , Addante Annalisa , Roncero Cesáreo , Sanz Julián , López María , Bragado Paloma , Mikulits Wolfgang , Factor Valentina M. , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. , Casal J. Ignacio , Segovia José-Carlos , Rial Eduardo , Fabregat Isabel , Herrera Blanca , Sánchez Aránzazu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Adult hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs)/oval cells are bipotential progenitors that participate in liver repair responses upon chronic injury. Recent findings highlight HPCs plasticity and importance of the HPCs niche signals to determine their fate during the regenerative process, favoring either fibrogenesis or damage resolution. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are among the key signals involved in liver regeneration and as component of HPCs niche regulates HPCs biology. Here, we characterize the TGF-β-triggered epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) response in oval cells, its effects on cell fate in vivo, and the regulatory effect of the HGF/c-Met signaling. Our data show that chronic treatment with TGF-β triggers a partial EMT in oval cells based on coexpression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. The phenotypic and functional profiling indicates that TGF-β-induced EMT is not associated with stemness but rather represents a step forward along hepatic lineage. This phenotypic transition confers advantageous traits to HPCs including survival, migratory/invasive and metabolic benefit, overall enhancing the regenerative potential of oval cells upon transplantation into a carbon tetrachloride-damaged liver. We further uncover a key contribution of the HGF/c-Met pathway to modulate the TGF-β-mediated EMT response. It allows oval cells expansion after EMT by controlling oxidative stress and apoptosis, likely via Twist regulation, and it counterbalances EMT by maintaining epithelial properties. Our work provides evidence that a coordinated and balanced action of TGF-β and HGF are critical for achievement of the optimal regenerative potential of HPCs, opening new therapeutic perspectives. Stem Cells 2019;37:1108–1118
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Potential Building Blocks for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Aumaitre Cyril , Morin Jean‐François 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene in the early 2000′s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been resurrected and new synthetic tools have been developed to prepare unprecedented structures with unique properties. One application that has been overlooked for this class of molecules is organic solar cells (OSCs). In this account, we present the recent development in the preparation of moderate to low band gap PAHs that could potentially be used as semiconducting materials in OSCs. Our focus is directed toward all‐carbon PAHs as well as their polymeric analogs.
Enrichment factors for clinical trials in mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ballard Clive , Atri Alireza , Boneva Neli , Cummings Jeffrey L. , Frölich Lutz , Molinuevo José Luis , Tariot Pierre N. , Raket Lars Lau 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionHeterogeneity of outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials necessitates large sample sizes and contributes to study failures. This analysis determined whether mild‐to‐moderate AD populations could be enriched for cognitive decline based on apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 genotype, family history of AD, and amyloid abnormalities.MethodsModeling estimated the number of randomized patients needed to detect a 2‐point treatment difference on the AD Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale using placebo data from three randomized, double‐blind trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01955161, NCT02006641, and NCT02006654).ResultsAn 80% power to detect a 2‐point treatment effect required the randomization of 148 amyloid‐positive patients; 178 ε4 homozygous or amyloid‐positive patients; and 231 ε4 homozygous, family history‐positive, or amyloid‐positive patients, compared with 1619 unenriched patients (per arm).DiscussionEnrichment in mild‐to‐moderate AD clinical trials can be achieved using combinations of biomarkers/risk factors to increase the likelihood of observing potential treatment effects.
Against epistemic pessimism about moral testimony
Authors: McShane Paddy Jane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMy aim in this paper is to argue against what I call “epistemic” pessimism about moral testimony. Epistemic pessimists argue that moral testimony fails to transmit epistemic warrant as non-moral testimony does. I reject epistemic pessimism by defending theNo Difference Thesis, that there is no in principle difference between the transmission of epistemic warrant by moral and non-moral testimony. The main thrust of my argument is that there is a goodprima faciecase to be made for the thesis, namely, that it is supported by all of the major current epistemological views of testimonial warrant, both reductionist and non-reductionist. After making this case, I consider five pessimist attempts to undermine theNo Difference Thesis, and argue that none of these attempts succeeds. So, in the absence of any other compelling criticisms, we are justified in rejecting epistemic pessimism and accepting theNo Difference Thesis.
Extraction of Dissolved Organic Carbon from Glacier Ice for Radiocarbon Analysis
Authors: Fang L , Schindler J , Jenk T M , Uglietti C , Szidat S , Schwikowski M 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAlpine glaciers are valuable archives for the reconstruction of human impact on the environment. Besides dating purposes, measurement of radiocarbon (14C) content provides a powerful tool for long-term source apportionment studies on the carbonaceous aerosols incorporated in ice cores. In this work, we present an extraction system for14C analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in ice cores. The setup can process ice samples of up to 350 g mass and offers ultra-clean working conditions for all extraction steps. A photo-oxidation method is applied by means of external UV irradiation of the sample. For an irradiation time of 30 min with catalyzation by addition of Fe2+and H2O2, we achieve an efficiency of 96 ± 6% on average. Inert gas working conditions and stringent decontamination procedures enable a low overall blank of 1.9 ± 1.6 μg C with a F14C value of 0.68 ± 0.13. This makes it possible to analyze the DOC in ice samples with a carbon content of as low as 25 μg C kg−1ice. For a first validation, the new method was applied to ice core samples from the Swiss Alps. The average DOC concentration and F14C values for the Fiescherhorn ice core samples show good agreement with previously reported data for the investigated period of 1925–1936 AD.
Effect of docking and shearing on growth and carcass traits of fat-tailed Ossimi sheep
Authors: Marai I. F. M. , Nowar M. S. , Bahgat Layla B. , Owen J. B. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThirty Ossimi lambs were used in an experiment to compare those whose tail was docked shortly after birth with controls. After weaning at 4 months of age the groups were further subdivided and two of the four groups closely shorn according to a 2 × 2 factorial design.Male lambs at 20 kg were subjected to intensive finishing until the age of 50 weeks and nine were then slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics.There was a trend for increased live-weight gain in the docked lambs in the preweaning stage (up to 16 weeks).This trend was also present, although not statistically significant, in the final phase of intensive feeding from 20 kg weight to 50 weeks. Shearing significantly improved daily gain in this final period (P < 0·05). These increases in gain were also apparently associated with improvements in efficiency, as judged on a group basis.Docking and shearing also tended to cause increases in body measurements: height, chest girth and abdomen girth in the case of docking (P < 0·05) and chest girth, chest depth and abdomen girth in the case of shearing (P < 0–05).Carcass characteristics, measured on a relatively small sample, indicated several effects of docking and shearing on carcass traits although most of these were consistent with the expected differences stemming from the higher carcass weights acheived at 50 weeks of age by docked and sheared lambs.
Systematics and Paleoecology of Norian (Late Triassic) Bivalves from a Tropical Island Arc: Wallowa Terrane, Oregon
Authors: Newton Cathryn R. , Whalen Michael T. , Thompson Joel B. , Prins Nienke , Delalla David 
Published: May 2019

Early Norian silicified bivalves from Hells Canyon in the Wallowa terrane of northeastern Oregon are part of a rich molluscan biota associated with a tropical island arc. The Hells Canyon locality preserves lenses of silicified shells formed as tempestites in a shallow subtidal carbonate environment. These shell assemblages are parautochthonous and reflect local, rather than long-distance, transport. Silicification at this locality involved small-scale replacement of original calcareous microstructures, or small-scale replacement of neomorphosed shells, without an intervening phase of moldic porosity. This incremental replacement of carbonate by silica contrasts markedly with void-filling silicification textures reported previously from silicified Permian bivalve assemblages.The bivalve paleoecology of this site indicates a suspension feeding biota existing on and within the interstices of coral-spongiomorph thickets, and inhabiting laterally adjacent substrates of peloidal carbonate sand. The bivalve fauna is ecologically congruent with the reef-dwelling molluscs associated with Middle Triassic sponge-coral buildups in the Cassian Formation of the Dolomites (Fuersich and Wendt, 1977). Hells Canyon is a particularly important early Norian locality because of the diversity of substrate types and because the site includes many first occurrences of bivalves in the North American Cordillera. These first occurrences include the first documentation of the important epifaunal families Pectinidae and Terquemiidae in Triassic rocks of the North American Cordillera.The large number of biogeographic and geochronologic range extensions discovered in this single tropical Norian biota indicates that use of literature-based range data for Late Triassic bivalves may be very hazardous. Many bivalve taxa formerly thought to have gone extinct in Karnian time have now been documented from Norian strata in this arc terrane. These range extensions, coupled with the high bivalve species richness of the Hells Canyon site, suggest that the Karnian mass extinction in several literature-based compilations may be an artifact of incomplete sampling. Even for the Norian, present compilations of molluscan extinction may have an unacceptably large artifactual component.Thirty-five bivalve taxa from the Hells Canyon locality are discussed. Of these, seven are new: the mytilidMysidiella cordilleranan. sp., the limaceanAntiquilima vallierin. sp., the true oysterLiostrea newellin. sp., the pectinaceanCrenamussium concentricumn. gen. and sp., the unioidCardinioides josephusn. sp., the trigoniaceanErugonia canyonensisn. gen. and sp., and the carditaceanPalaeocardita silberlingin. sp.
PARLAMENTO-ARENA O PARLAMENTO DI TRASFORMAZIONE?
Authors: Di Palma Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl quesito forse più immediato ed attuale che sorge quando si pensa, oggi, al processo di istituzionalizzazione del Parlamento è se vi siano stati cambiamenti rispetto alla fine degli anni settanta (anni cruciali in tema di istituzionalizzazione), e se questi cambiamenti comportino dei progressi sostanziali nel processo. Cambiamenti ve ne sono stati, come vedremo più avanti. Siccome, però, a parer mio, questi cambiamenti non indicano progressi chiari né permettono estrapolazioni sicure, partirò alla lontana con uno sforzo di riconcettualizzazione — o più modestamente con un tentativo di riformulare in maniera un po’ diversa e magari più convincente analisi già fatte e risapute, ma non sempre condivise.
VLA Observations of Stellar Flares: A 3-Hour Flare of the RS CVN Star λ Andromedae and A 5-Minute Flare of the BP STAR HR 5942
Authors: Drake Stephen A. , Linsky Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe describe high-sensitivity VLA observations of rapidly varying radio emission (‘flares’) from two stars of very different types, one of which (λ And) is a Long-Period RS CVn system, and the other (HR 5942) is a magnetic Bp star. In both cases, however, the physical mechanism producing the radio emission is most likely to be gyrosynchrotron radiation from mildly relativistic, power-law electrons.
SMM Observations of the Variability of Active Regions in the UV: Flares, Bursts, and Oscillations
Authors: Drake Stephen A. , Gurman Joseph D. , Orwig Larry E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have made extensive observations of the time-variability of solar active regions in the far-UV using the ultraviolet spectrometer on SMM. We describe the three different modes of solar variability (impulsive events, bursts and oscillations) that are evident in our data and discuss their physical implications.
Nonlinear Evolution of Parker Instability of Isolated Magnetic Flux Sheet and Its Application to Emerging Magnetic Flux in the Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Shibata K. , Tajima T. , Steinolfson R. , Matsumoto R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA two dimensional MHD code is used to study the nonlinear evolution of the Parker instability in isolated horizontal magnetic flux imbedded in (or below) the solar photosphere. It is found that the magnetic loop expands self-similarly in the nonlinear stage. Numerical results explain many features observed in emerging flux regions.
Return Current Instability in Flares
Authors: Cromwell D. , McQuillan P. , Brown J.C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider the problem of ion-acoustic wave generation, and resultant anomalous Joule heating, by a return current driven unstable by a small-area thick-target electron beam in solar flares. We find that, contrary to the usual assumption, the hard X-ray bremsstrahlung emission may actually be enhanced in comparison to conventional thick-target models. This present paper is a summary of the work of Cromwell, McQuillan and Brown (1988).
Exit versus voice – options for socially responsible investment in collective pension plans
Authors: Dietsch Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhat do we owe participants in collective pension plans in terms of socially responsible investment (SRI)? This paper draws into question current conventional wisdom on SRI, which considers investor engagement a more effective strategy than divestment to change morally problematic corporate behaviour. More fundamentally, in light of reasonable disagreement about the objective of SRI, the paper argues that participants in collective pension plans are owed some kind of control over their investments. The final section considers four different institutional arrangements to respect this requirement in practice, ranging from democratic decision procedures to the availability of SRI alternatives.
Addicted to compulsion: assessing three core dimensions of addiction across obsessive-compulsive disorder and gambling disorder
Authors: Grassi Giacomo , Makris Nikos , Pallanti Stefano 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveSeveral studies suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients display increased impulsivity, impaired decision-making, and reward system dysfunction. In a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, these findings are prototypical for addiction and have led some authors to view OCD as a behavioral addiction. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, as core dimensions of addiction, across OCD and gambling disorder (GD) patients.MethodsForty-four OCD patients, 26 GD patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Impulsivity was assessed through the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, decision-making through the Iowa Gambling Task, and reward system through a self-report clinical instrument (the Shaps-Hamilton Anhedonia Scale) assessing hedonic tone and through an olfactory test assessing hedonic appraisal to odors.ResultsBoth OCD and GD patients showed increased impulsivity when compared to HCs. More specifically, the OCD patients showed cognitive impulsivity, and the GD patients showed both increased cognitive and motor impulsivity. Furthermore, both OCD and GD patients showed impaired decision-making performances when compared to HCs. Finally, GD patients showed increased anhedonia and blunted hedonic response to pleasant odors unrelated to gambling or depression/anxiety symptoms, while OCD patients showed only increased anhedonia levels related to OC and depression/anxiety symptoms.ConclusionOCD patients showed several similarities and some differences with GD patients when compared to HCs on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, three core dimensions of addiction. These results could have relevant implications for the research of new treatment targets for OCD.
Soothing the heart with music: A feasibility study of a bedside music therapy intervention for critically ill patients in an urban hospital setting
Authors: Fallek Ronit , Corey Kristen , Qamar Aamna , Vernisie Shawna N. , Hoberman Alexander , Selwyn Peter A. , Fausto James A. , Marcus Paula , Kvetan Vladimir , Lounsbury David W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesMusic therapy has been shown to be effective for reducing anxiety and pain in people with a serious illness. Few studies have investigated the feasibility of integrating music therapy into general inpatient care of the seriously ill, including the care of diverse, multiethnic patients. This leaves a deficit in knowledge for intervention planning. This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing music therapy for patients on 4 inpatient units in a large urban medical center. Capacitated and incapacitated patients on palliative care, transplantation, medical intensive care, and general medicine units received a single bedside session led by a music therapist.MethodsA mixed-methods, pre-post design was used to assess clinical indicators and the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Multiple regression modeling was used to evaluate the effect of music therapy on anxiety, pain, pulse, and respiratory rate. Process evaluation data and qualitative analysis of observational data recorded by the music therapists were used to assess the feasibility of providing music therapy on the units and patients’ interest, receptivity, and satisfaction.ResultsMusic therapy was delivered to 150 patients over a 6-month period. Controlling for gender, age, and session length, regression modeling showed that patients reported reduced anxiety post-session. Music therapy was found to be an accessible and adaptable intervention, with patients expressing high interest, receptivity, and satisfaction.Significance of ResultsThis study found it feasible and effective to introduce bedside music therapy for seriously ill patients in a large urban medical center. Lessons learned and recommendations for future investigation are discussed.
Grape hyacinth [Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill] control in a wheat-soybean rotation
Authors: Beam Shawn C. , VanGessel Mark J. , Vollmer Kurt M. , Flessner Michael L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrape hyacinth is a perennial bulbous species in the Liliaceae. It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant, but it can spread into agricultural fields and become weedy, potentially interfering with harvest and fall-planted crops. There has been limited research on controlling grape hyacinth in cropping systems. Fall and spring applied field-research studies were conducted to determine grape hyacinth control with herbicides labeled for use in wheat or winter fallow before planting soybean. Among fall-applied herbicides, paraquat resulted in the greatest initial grape hyacinth control (90% to 100%). Grape hyacinth control, 16 months after application (MAA), was variable, but the top-performing treatments were glyphosate and metsulfuron plus paraquat, resulting in 65% and 50% control, respectively. After spring applications, grape hyacinth control in November (7 MAA) was variable, but top-performing treatments were glyphosate and metsulfuron, which resulted in at least 26% control. Spring-applied paraquat, carfentrazone, metsulfuron, and sulfosulfuron resulted in 73%, 68%, 69%, and 60% reductions in grape hyacinth bulb counts, compared with the nontreated control 7 MAA, and were the top-performing treatments. Despite product-label prohibitions on rotation to soybeans, no soybean yield reductions were observed from any treatment in either study. Single applications of certain herbicides in the fall or spring can result in good control (>80%) of grape hyacinth initially, but long-term control is poor, and additional research is required.
Bread and Circuses: Sports and Public Opinion in China
Authors: Chen Dan , MacDonald Andrew W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSports victory constitutes an important part of propaganda in authoritarian states. The heavy state investment in sports industries and sports culture in China illustrates the political importance of sports. However, few studies have systematically examined the exact impact of sports propaganda on public opinion. Using a survey experiment conducted in two Chinese cities, this article finds that broadcast highlighting national sports achievements has significant positive effects on general satisfaction and compliance with the local governments. These results expand on the small, but growing, literature on the effects of sports on political opinions and help detail the specific ways in which sports can affect political attitudes.
Investigation of Forbush Decreases and Other Solar/Geophysical Agents Associated With Lightning Over the U.S. Latitude Band and the Continental Africa
Authors: Okike O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRegardless of the numerous significant contributions in the field (e.g., Svensmark, H. & Svensmark, J., 2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038429; Svensmark, J., et al, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-3595-2012), the impact of cosmic rays on Earth's weather is still a source of misunderstanding among scientists. Chree method of analysis (Chree, 1912, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1913.0003) is one of the commonest tool used in the investigation. But the method has been queried by some publications. Greater number of these critiques (Forbush et al., 1983, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00145551; Prager & hoenig, 1989, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0608:SEAART>2.3.CO;2) (Forbush et al., 1983; Prager & Hoenig, 1989) point to the test of significance of epoch superposition results. Forbush events are the most widely key event time used in solar Earth's weather investigation. Despite the early indications of Marcz (1997, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(96)00076-4) that the result of compositing analysis depends on the Forbush event selection criteria and timing, various conflicting methods of event selection still dominate articles documenting Forbush decrease (FD)‐related correlations. The present submission calls the attention of researchers to the need for a systematic FD event identification with respect to timing and magnitude estimation prior to compositing/correlation/regression analyses. The relationship between program‐selected FDs, World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data, and solar/geophysical parameters is tested at different regions of the world. Significant correlations between WWLLN and other parameters were observed at the U.S. latitude band and within the African region.