bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of polypropylene and polyglactin sutures in primary sphincteroplasty for the treatment of anal fistula in rats
Authors: Conde Andrea Lima , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Tanus Otávio Augusto Vendas , Souza Isadora Ferreira de , Costa Rochelle Leite , Giuncanse Fernanda , Costa Izabela Oliveira 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Rationale Fistulotomy followed by primary sphincteroplasty is one of the therapeutic options in transsphincteric fistulae; however, it was not known which suture would present a better result.
Objective To compare polypropylene and polyglactin sutures in primary sphincteroplasty in rats subjected to fistulotomy.
Method Thirty Wistar rats were subjected to peritoneal anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, followed by transfixation of the anal sphincter with steel thread, which remained for 30 days to develop the anal fistula. After this period, the steel thread was removed and four groups were formed: A – Control (n = 5), without treatment; B – Fistulotomy (n = 5), performed fistulotomy only; C – Polypropylene (n = 10), in which fistulotomy was performed followed by primary sphincteroplasty with polypropylene suture; D – Polyglactin (n = 10), in which fistulotomy was performed followed by primary sphincteroplasty with polyglactin suture; after 30 days the animals were anesthetized again and submitted to euthanasia by deepening the anesthetic plane to remove the specimens, analyzing fistula closure, muscle fiber distance, and inflammatory process.
Results The fistula persisted in all animals of the control group and in none of the other groups; the distances between the muscle fibers were 1620 μm, 4665 μm, and 2520 μm, respectively in Groups B, C, and D (p = 0.067); in relation to fibrosis, the means were 2.4, 2.8, and 3.6, respectively in Groups B, C, and D, showing greater fibrosis in the latter group (p = 0.041).
Conclusion There was no persistence of the fistula in any of the treated animals; there was no difference in the distance between the muscle fibers between the groups subjected to primary sphincteroplasty with polypropylene or polyglactin, or between these groups and the one treated only by fistulotomy. There was greater fibrosis in animals treated with primary sphincteroplasty with polyglactin.
Comparison of Long-Term Results and Couples’ Satisfaction with Penile Implant Types and Brands: Lessons Learned From 883 Patients With Erectile Dysfunction Who Underwent Penile Prosthesis Implantation
Authors: Çayan Selahittin , Aşcı Ramazan , Efesoy Ozan , Bolat Mustafa Suat , Akbay Erdem , Yaman Önder 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
No study has compared surgical outcomes and couples’ satisfaction among the 3 types of implants, with all brands available on the markets.

Aims
To compare long-term complications, mechanical reliability, and couples’ satisfaction with penile implant types and brands in patients who underwent penile prosthesis implantation. We also investigated whether there are risk factors that might predict couples’ dissatisfaction.

Methods
This retrospective study included 883 patients with erectile dysfunction who underwent penile prosthesis implantation. Of the patients, 349 had malleable penile implant, 26 had 2-piece implants, and 508 had 3-piece implants.

Main Outcome Measure
Couples’ satisfaction after surgery was evaluated with the modified Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction questionnaire. Surgical outcomes, mechanical reliability, and couples’ satisfaction were compared according to type and brand of the penile implants in all patients.

Results
The mean age and follow-up period of the patients were 57.74 ± 9.59 years and 67.81 ± 49.11 months, respectively. The couples’ satisfaction rates were significantly higher in the 3-piece implant group than in the malleable group (P &lt; .001), but there was no significant difference between the 2-piece and 3-piece implant groups. There was no difference in terms of couples’ satisfaction according to the brand of the implants. Of the patients who had malleable implants, 27 (7.7%) underwent 3-piece penile prosthesis implantation due to dissatisfaction; however, only 1 (0.2%) of the patients with a 3-piece implant was switched to a malleable implant (P &lt; .001). The highest rate of revision surgery due to penile corporal perforation was in the malleable group (2.6%), whereas the highest rate of revision surgery due to penile implant malfunction occurred in the 3-piece implant group (5.5%) (P = .021 and .001, respectively). To analyze risk factors, using multivariate analysis, presence of complication was the only predictor that might cause couples’ dissatisfaction (P = .003).

Conclusions
3-piece and 2-piece implants have higher couples’ satisfaction rates than the malleable implant. Brands of implants did not have any effect on the couples’ satisfaction. Regarding detail of the complications, the 3-piece implant has a lower rate of penile corporal perforation and a higher rate of penile implant malfunction than the malleable implant. Patients with erectile dysfunction who need a penile implant should be informed about surgical outcomes, brands, and types of penile implants. Prosthesis choice should be customized to individual patient’s expectations/conditions and tailored accordingly.
Exercise Improves Self-Reported Sexual Function Among Physically Active Adults
Authors: Fergus Kirkpatrick B. , Gaither Thomas W. , Baradaran Nima , Glidden David V. , Cohen Andrew J. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Sexual dysfunction is common among adults and takes a toll on quality of life for both men and women.

Aim
To determine whether higher levels of weekly cardiovascular exercise are protective against self-reported sexual dysfunction among men and women.

Methods
We conducted an international online, cross-sectional survey of physically active men and women between April and December 2016, assessing exercise activity categorized into sextiles of weekly metabolic equivalent-hours. Odds ratios (ORs) of sexual dysfunction for each activity sextile compared with the lowest sextile were calculated using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, tobacco/alcohol use, sport, and marital status.

Main Outcome Measures
Female sexual dysfunction was defined as a score ≤26.55 on the Female Sexual Function Inventory and erectile dysfunction (ED) was defined as a score ≤21 on the Sexual Health Inventory for Men.

Results
3,906 men and 2,264 women (median age 41–45 and 31–35 years, respectively) met the inclusion criteria for the study. Men in sextiles 2–6 had reduced odds of ED compared with the reference sextile in adjusted analysis (Ptrend = .03), with an OR of 0.77 (95% CI = 0.61–0.97) for sextile 4 and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.62–0.99) for sextile 6, both statistically significant. Women in higher sextiles had a reduced adjusted OR of female sexual dysfunction (Ptrend = .02), which was significant in sextile 4 (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.51–0.96). A similar pattern held true for orgasm dissatisfaction (Ptrend &lt; .01) and arousal difficulty (Ptrend &lt; .01) among women, with sextiles 4–6 reaching statistical significance in both.

Clinical Implications
Men and women at risk for sexual dysfunction regardless of physical activity level may benefit by exercising more rigorously.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths include using a large international sample of participants with a wide range of physical activity levels. Limitations include the cross-sectional design, and results should be interpreted in context of the study population of physically active adults.

Conclusion
Higher cardiovascular exercise levels in physically active adults are inversely associated with ED by self-report in men and protective against female sexual dysfunction in women.
Terminus advance, kinematics and mass redistribution during eight surges of Donjek Glacier, St. Elias Range, Canada, 1935 to 2016
Authors: KOCHTITZKY WILLIAM , JISKOOT HESTER , COPLAND LUKE , ENDERLIN ELLYN , MCNABB ROBERT , KREUTZ KARL , MAIN BRITTANY 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDonjek Glacier has an unusually short and regular surge cycle, with eight surges identified since 1935 from aerial photographs and satellite imagery with a ~12 year repeat interval and ~2 year active phase. Recent surges occurred during a period of long-term negative mass balance and cumulative terminus retreat of 2.5 km since 1874. In contrast to previous work, we find that the constriction where the valley narrows and bedrock lithology changes, 21 km from the terminus, represents the upper limit of surging, with negligible surface speed or elevation change up-glacier from this location. This positions the entire surge-type portion of the glacier in the ablation zone. The constriction geometry does not act as the dynamic balance line, which we consistently find at 8 km from the glacier terminus. During the 2012–2014 surge event, the average lowering rate in the lowest 21 km of the glacier was 9.6 m a−1, while during quiescence it was 1.0 m a−1. Due to reservoir zone refilling, the ablation zone has a positive geodetic balance in years immediately following a surge event. An active surge phase can result in a strongly negative geodetic mass balance over the surge-type portion of the glacier.
Radiocarbon Sample Preparation Procedures and the First Status Report from the Bristol Radiocarbon AMS (BRAMS) Facility
Authors: Knowles Timothy D J , Monaghan Paul S , Evershed Richard P 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe Bristol Radiocarbon Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (BRAMS) Facility was established at the University of Bristol after the commissioning of our dedicated sample preparation laboratories and the installation and acceptance of the BrisMICADAS AMS in 2016. Routine measurements commenced in mid-2016, once validation was completed for each sample type. Herein, we give an overview of the standard pretreatment methods currently employed in the Facility and the results of radiocarbon (14C) determinations on a wide range of standards, blank materials, and intercomparison samples which have been measured during our extensive pretreatment method validation program and during our routine 14C analyses.
Analysis of a Class of Variable Thickness Reinforcement around a Circular Hole in a Flat Sheet
Authors: Mansfield E. H. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper determines the sheet thickness variation near a circular hole to yield a constant hoop stress in a sheet subjected to uniform radial stress at infinity. A similar analysis is presented for a variable thickness sheet plus an annular reinforcement. The stresses due to the remote application of shear and uniaxial tension are also determined.
Lifting Wings with Mixed (Subsonic-Supersonic) Leading Edges
Authors: Smith J. H. B. , Pierce D. , Rossiter Patricia J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe linearised theory of supersonic flow is applied to a plane wing with a pointed apex whose leading edge is subsonic near the apex but supersonic further outboard. The change in character of the leading edge may occur either where the edge is kinked or at a point where its slope is continuous. In each case, the theoretical pressure field due to incidence is found to be singular along the downstream, outward-going Mach line through the point at which the edge changes character. The form of the singularity is different for the two cases, and somewhat unexpected. Measurements of the pressure on a plane wing with a curved, mixed leading edge showed no abrupt variation near the Mach line on which the singular behaviour was predicted.
Hypersonic Flow with Attached Shock Waves over Delta Wings
Authors: Woods B. A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryHypersonic conical flows over delta wings are treated in the thin-shock-layer approximation due to Messiter. The equations are hyperbolic throughout, even in regions where the full equations are elliptic, and have not hitherto been solved for flows with attached shock waves. The concept of the simple wave has been used to construct a class of solutions for such flows; they contain discontinuities in flow variables and shock slope but, for the case of flow over a delta wing with lateral symmetry, agreement with results of numerical solutions of the full equations is good. The method is applied to plane delta wings at yaw, and to wings with anhedral and dihedral. For the flow at the tip of a rectangular wing, it is shown that two distinct solutions may be constructed.
Cumulative Damage in Fretting Fatigue of Pinned Joints Subjected to Narrow Band Random Loading
Authors: White D. J. , Lewszuk J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryFatigue tests have been made in constant amplitude loading and in narrow band random loading on FV520B steel lugs of width 27 mm loaded by means of a pin 12·7 mm in diameter. The test frequency was 220 Hz, a mean tensile stress of 309 N/mm2was used and tests extended for endurances of up to 109cycles.For endurances up to 106cycles there was good agreement between constant amplitude and random loading results with both stresses expressed in root mean square values. Beyond this endurance, the random loading results lay below those obtained in constant amplitude loading. Predictions made using the Palmgren-Miner cumulative damage hypothesis in conjunction with the endurance curve in constant amplitude loading gave good agreement with the results in random loading over the whole range of endurances tested.
Wake Induced Flutter of Circular Cylinders: Mechanical Aspects
Authors: Simpson Alan 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn a recent paper, a theory explaining the wake-induced flutter of smooth circular cylinders was developed and vindicated. It was shown that, for moderate spacing of the cylinders (where the aerodynamic coupling between the constituent motions is small), flutter could occur only when the natural frequency, in still air, of vertical oscillations exceeded that of the horizontal motions. The theory, however, took no account of the possibility of mechanical coupling between the constituent motions and, while the results from this theory were corroborated by wind-tunnel tests in which a statically uncoupled mechanical support system was used, no indications were given of the changes in aeroelastic behaviour which might accompany the introduction of simple coupling terms.In this paper, the class of cases wherein the mechanical support system for the leeward cylinder exhibits static coupling is studied using “undamped flutter theory”. It is demonstrated that the appearance of static coupling terms can lead to quite dramatic changes in the flutter characteristics, and that considerable care must be exercised in the design and operation of wind-tunnel dynamic models if meaningful results are to be obtained.An Appendix deals with the general problem of mechanical coupling, using the normal coordinates approach, and aspects of the problem which bear on the subconductor oscillation phenomenon experienced on “bundled” overhead power transmission lines are highlighted.
Stagnation Pressure Changes in Unsteady Flow
Authors: Horlock J. H. , Daneshyar H. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe changes in stagnation pressure produced by movement of rows, arrays and sheets of vortices are derived. By applying Preston’s result for a single row of moving vortices to continuous vortex sheets, the time mean stagnation pressure downstream of a row of blades with fluctuating circulation is derived. It is shown that if the blade circulation varies due to the potential flow fields of the neighbouring blades then the time mean stagnation pressure may change with location.
Turbulent Jets and Wall Jets in Uniform Streaming Flow
Authors: Patel Rajni P. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryFor plane turbulent jets and wall jets in uniform streaming flow a simple method, based on a simple empirical formula for the rate of growth which differs from that proposed by Abramovich, is presented. The predictions of length scale, l0, and velocity scale, u0, are in good agreement with experimental results for all ratios of free-stream to jet exit velocity and the eddy viscosity Reynolds number has the correct asymptotic values.
The Local Buckling and Post Local Buckling Behaviour of Thin-Walled Beams
Authors: Rhodes J. , Harvey J. M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a theoretical analysis of the behaviour of thin-walled lipped channel beams subjected to end moments. In the analysis the beam section is assumed to be composed of a number of flat plates, joined at the edges. The mechanics of local instability of the walls of the beam are examined from a consideration of the strain energy stored in the component plates, and critical moments to cause local buckling are evaluated. The behaviour of the beam after local buckling is studied using a semi-energy method, whereby the stress and deflection systems throughout the section are linked by solving von Kármán’s compatibility equation for the component plates and the stress and deflection magnitudes are found from energy considerations. As collapse of the beam is approached, a simple plasticity analysis is incorporated in the theory in order to evaluate the collapse moment for the beam.The results of the analysis are compared with the findings of an extensive experimental investigation and it is shown that the theory is very accurate in its prescription of the experimental stresses and deflections. Comparison of the theoretical and experimental collapse moments also verifies the validity of the theoretical analysis.
The Impingement of a Uniform, Axisymmetric, Supersonic Jet on a Perpendicular Flat Plate
Authors: Gummer J. H. , Hunt B. L. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe impingement region produced by directing a uniform, axisymmetric, supersonic jet of air normally onto a large, flat plate has been investigated experimentally and theoretically for four jets in the Mach number range 1·64 to 2·77. A qualitative theoretical description of the flow in the neighbourhood of the sonic line is given. A single-strip version of the method of Polynomial Approximation and Integral Relations (PIR) is applied to the flow, using two alternative methods of determining the centre-line shock height. The PIR predictions are compared to experimental shock shapes and pressure distributions. It is found that a PIR method in which the sonic line is assumed to intersect the shock at the jet edge leads to very good agreement with experiment at the higher jet Mach numbers, but accuracy is much reduced at the lower Mach numbers, the shock height being in error by about 62 per cent at a jet Mach number of 1·64. A change in flow pattern at small nozzle-to-plate distances is reported.
Some Stability Problems of Ground Effect Wing Vehicles in Forward Motion
Authors: Kumar P E 
Published: May 2019

SummaryRecent advances in the development of ground cushion vehicles have indicated the need for a more efficient means of providing lift at the higher speeds envisaged in the future. A wing operating in ground effect could provide this lift and might be far more attractive economically than the “Hovercraft”. This note investigates some of the stability aspects of such a “Ground Effect Wing” Vehicle, using linear analysis, by developing the relevant equations of motion and examining the characteristic equations using quasi-steady derivatives, at fixed heights, obtained from wind-tunnel tests. In addition comparison is made between an analogue simulation of a GEW and the flight paths obtained from a free-flight model. This investigation showed that the longitudinal mode of oscillation for both single and tandem-wings with endplates was unstable and artificial stability was necessary. The lateral mode of oscillation for a single wing was stable in both roll and yaw, the latter being subject to fin and endplate configurations. The effects of the force, and moment, rate of change of height derivatives were not considered, as values for these derivatives were not available. Some proposals for future work include the development of suitable aerofoil sections for operation near the ground and the investigation of slender bodies in ground effect.
The carbonates of the post-Variscan basins of Sardinia: the evolution from Carboniferous–Permian humid-persistent to Permian arid-ephemeral lakes in a morphotectonic framework
Authors: Costamagna Luca Giacomo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLate to post-Variscan sedimentary basins of Sardinia were influenced during Pennsylvanian to Permian times by two main tectono-sedimentary cycles: a Pennsylvanian to Cisuralian cycle represented mainly by dark limnic deposits, overlain by a Guadalupian to a possibly Lopingian cycle, mostly characterized by red-bed deposits. Lacustrine waterbodies developed in some sedimentary basins that were filled with siliciclastic to frequently early silicified carbonate deposits, depending on the climate and environmental conditions, landscape morphology and tectonic regime. The limnic successions of the lower tectono-sedimentary cycle were deposited in permanent, tens of metres deep lakes in deep, narrow tectonic strike-slip basins under a temperate to warm-humid climate. They started as lakes with terrigenous sedimentary input and developed minor carbonate deposits mainly at the end of their story. Conversely, the red-bed successions of the upper cycle were deposited in ephemeral, shallow playa lakes related to wider basins in an extensive alluvial plain under a hot and arid climate. Here, the siliciclastic sediments are intercalated with thin carbonate beds that are typical of a high evaporation rate. The evolution of the lake type could be related not only to a major climatic shift, but also to the changing morphotectonic conditions of the Variscan chain influencing the local microclimate. Comparisons with coeval successions in the Provence Basin, the Massif Central Aumance basin (France) and the Saar–Nahe Basin (Germany) show both similarities and differences between the basins.
Purchase of the Cave of Machpelah
Authors: Westbrook Raymond 
Published: May 2019

The lengthy report in Genesis 23 of the negotiations and subsequent purchase of the cave and field of Machpelah is problematic from the legal point of view. On the face of it, Abraham obstinately insists on paying for what the Bnei Heth and Ephron wish to give him free. If one is not to dismiss the bulk of the report as niceties of oriental bargaining, as do most non-legal commentators, then complex problems of relating the transaction to the provisions of a coherent legal system arise. For this reason it is impossible entirely to separate the question of the legal source of this passage from the problems of its content. Consequently the first section on material legal problems of the text includes a consideration of some of the possible sources, while those relating to aspects of form alone are treated separately.Assuming the legal background to be that of Jewish law, Melamed interprets the transaction as a gift-transaction, not by the Bnei Heth, but also by Abraham. The problem is that Abraham being a “stranger and sojourner”, as he declares in v. 4, he is unable to buy land for burial. In order to avoid this prohibition, the transaction takes the form of mutual gifts. But if all that is needed is a gift in order to make his acquisition possible, it seems strange that Abraham refuses Ephron's offer in v. 11 and insists on giving money in return, which looks suspiciously like an offer to purchase. Melamed proposes, therefore, that Abraham did not in fact want to receive a real gift, because he feared that the giver meant amatana 'al menat lěhahzir(gift made on condition that it be returned—cf. Succa41b); he thus in v. 13 requests Ephron to take his money first, and only afterwards will he bury his dead. However, the Talmudic matana'al menat lěhahziris a subtle concept, the product of a well-developed legal system, and it is difficult to relate it to the presumably quite primitive legal system of the patriarchs.