bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii andB.henselaein dogs
Authors: Müller A. , Soto F. , Sepúlveda M. , Bittencourt P. , Benevenute J. L. , Ikeda P. , Machado R. Z. , André M. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to molecularly surveyBartonellain dogs from Chile. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) forBartonellaspp. based onnuoGgene was performed in 139 blood samples taken from dogs belonging to rural localities of the Valdivia Province, Los Ríos region, southern Chile.nuoGqPCR-positive samples were submitted to conventional PCR assays forftsZ,gltA,rpoBandnuoGgenes and sequencing for speciation and phylogenetic analysis. Based upon qPCR results,Bartonellaspp. occurrence in dogs was 4.3% (6/139). Out of sixnuoGqPCR-positive samples, six, three, two and none showed positive results in cPCR assays based ongltA,ftsZ,rpoBandnuoGgenes, respectively. Consistent sequencing results were obtained only for theftsZgene from sample #1532 (GeneBank accession number: MG252491), andgltAgene from samples #1535 (MG252490) and #1532 (148 bp fragment that was not deposited in GenBank). Phylogenetic analysis offtsZandgltAgenes allowed speciation of twonuoG-positive samples, one asBartonella vinsoniisubsp. berkhoffii and the other asB. henselae. Bartonella vinsoniisubsp. berkhoffii andB. henselaeare detected for the first time in dogs from Chile, highlighting the importance of the canine population as a source of zoonotic agents and potential infection risk to humans.
Enhancing vital non-technical workplace competencies for early career seed scientists
Authors: Pérez Héctor E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGraduate training programs often produce technically ‘savvy’ scientists with inadequate non-technical skill sets essential for workplace success. The challenges associated with lack of non-technical competency may be exacerbated in highly specialized fields such as seed science. This brief communication describes recent efforts conducted at the 12th Triennial Conference of the International Society for Seed Science to address non-technical skill development for pre-career professionals. Furthermore, I propose a few adaptable ideas to begin confronting the divide between graduate education and professional development.
Town clerks and the authorship of custumals in medieval England
Authors: CUENCA ESTHER LIBERMAN 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT:This article examines the expertise and duties of clerks in medieval English towns, particularly their roles in creating custumals, or collections of written customs. Customs could regulate trade, office-holding, prostitution and even public nuisance. Many clerks were anonymous, and their contributions to custumals understudied. The careers of relatively well-known clerks, however, do provide insights into how some clerks shaped custumals into civic repositories of customary law. By analysing their oaths and known administrative practices, which involved adapting material from older custumals, this article argues that town clerks played critical roles in transmitting customary law to future generations of administrators.
Paramedics’ Perspectives on Factors Impacting On-Scene Times for Trauma Calls
Authors: Levitan Mark , Law Madelyn P. , Ferron Richard , Lutz-Graul Karen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionAccording to Ontario, Canada’s Basic Life Support Patient Care Standards, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) on-scene time (OST) for trauma calls should not exceed 10 minutes, unless there are extenuating circumstances. The time to definitive care can have a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of trauma patients. This is the first Canadian study to investigate why this is the case by giving a voice to those most involved in prehospital care: the paramedics themselves. It is also the first study to explore this issue from a complex, adaptive systems approach which recognizes that OSTs may be impacted by local, contextual features.ProblemResearch addressed the following problem: what are the facilitators and barriers to achieving 10-minute OSTs?MethodsThis project used a descriptive, qualitative design to examine facilitators and barriers to achieving 10-minute OSTs on trauma calls, from the perspective of paramedics. Paramedics from a regional Emergency Services organization were interviewed extensively over the course of one year, using qualitative interviewing techniques developed by experts in that field. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and entered into NVivo for Mac (QSR International; Victoria, Australia) software that supports qualitative research, for ease of data analysis. Researcher triangulation was used to ensure credibility of the data.ResultsThirteen percent of the calls had OSTs that were less than 10 minutes. The following six categories were outlined by the paramedics as impacting the duration of OSTs: (1) scene characteristics; (2) the presence and effectiveness of allied services; (3) communication with dispatch; (4) the paramedics’ ability to effectively manage the scene; (5) current policies; and (6) the quantity and design of equipment.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the complexity of the prehospital environment and bring into question the feasibility of the 10-minute OST standard.LevitanM,LawMP,FerronR,Lutz-GraulK.Paramedics’ perspectives on factors impacting on-scene times for trauma calls.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(3):250–255.
Effects of Repeated Concussions and Sex on Early Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions as Revealed by Electrophysiology
Authors: Carrier-Toutant Frédérike , Guay Samuel , Beaulieu Christelle , Léveillé Édith , Turcotte-Giroux Alexandre , Papineau Samaël D. , Brisson Benoit , D’Hondt Fabien , De Beaumont Louis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectives: Concussions affect the processing of emotional stimuli. This study aimed to investigate how sex interacts with concussion effects on early event-related brain potentials (ERP) measures (P1, N1) of emotional facial expressions (EFE) processing in asymptomatic, multi-concussion athletes during an EFE identification task. Methods: Forty control athletes (20 females and 20 males) and 43 multi-concussed athletes (22 females and 21 males), recruited more than 3 months after their last concussion, were tested. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, and an Emotional Facial Expression Identification Task. Pictures of male and female faces expressing neutral, angry, and happy emotions were randomly presented and the emotion depicted had to be identified as fast as possible during EEG acquisition. Results: Relative to controls, concussed athletes of both sex exhibited a significant suppression of P1 amplitude recorded from the dominant right hemisphere while performing the emotional face expression identification task. The present study also highlighted a sex-specific suppression of the N1 component amplitude after concussion which affected male athletes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that repeated concussions alter the typical pattern of right-hemisphere response dominance to EFE in early stages of EFE processing and that the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the processing of emotional stimuli are distinctively affected across sex. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–11)
Gender, Power, and Left Politics: From Feminization to “Feministization”
Authors: Dean Jonathan , Maiguashca Bice 
Published: May 2018

AbstractResponding to ongoing debates about the presence (or otherwise) of feminism within left-wing politics, this article has two central aims. First, it seeks to develop a set of analytical criteria to identify and assess the extent to which an instance of politics has become “feminist.” Second, it aims to illustrate the utility of this framework by applying it to a range of examples of contemporary left politics in Britain. Our argument is similarly twofold. Conceptually, learning from the literature on socialist feminism, gender and politics, and cultural studies and sociology, we identify five features of what we call “feministization,” arguing that in addition to feminist ideas, policies, and modes of organizing, we must also pay attention to the role of embodied performances and affect. Empirically, we suggest that, seen through this lens, the British left has in fact undergone a significant but uneven process of feministization in recent years.
Mosque Involvement and Political Engagement in the United States
Authors: Westfall Aubrey 
Published: May 2018

AbstractConfronted by a number of home-grown Islamic terrorist attacks, many Americans incorrectly assume that Muslim religiosity correlates with anti-American values and that the American mosque is the center of radical socialization efforts. This paper examines the nature of the relationship between mosque involvement and political engagement. It finds that mosque attendance is positively associated with political engagement only when the attendance engages congregants in ways beyond religious ritual. Attending mosque to pray does not significantly impact political identities or engagement like following politics, registering to vote, voting, or party membership, while participation in other social or religious activities at a mosque is associated with an increased probability of engagement. These results suggest that not all mosque involvement is equally beneficial for promoting political engagement and that religious participation must proactively engage with the social lives of the congregants to have a substantive political effect.
Up-regulation of renal renin–angiotensin system and inflammatory mechanisms in the prenatal programming by low-protein diet: beneficial effect of the post-weaning losartan treatment
Authors: Watanabe I. K. M. , Jara Z. P. , Volpini R. A. , Franco M. d. C. , Jung F. F. , Casarini D. E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is affected by adverse maternal nutrition during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a maternal low-protein diet on proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and RAS components in kidney samples isolated from adult male offspring. We hypothesized that post-weaning losartan treatment would have beneficial effects on RAS activity and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in these animals. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with a control (20% casein) or low-protein diet (LP) (6% casein) throughout gestation. After weaning, the LP pups were randomly assigned to LP and LP-losartan groups (AT1 receptor blockade: 10 mg/kg/day until 20 weeks of age). At 20 weeks of age, blood pressure levels were higher and renal RAS was activated in the LP group. We also observed several adverse effects in the kidneys of the LP group, including a higher number of CD3, CD68 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and higher levels of collagen and reactive oxygen species in the kidney. Further, our results revealed that post-weaning losartan treatment completely abolished immune cell infiltration and intrarenal RAS activation in the kidneys of LP rats. The prevention of augmentation of angiotensin (Ang II) concentration abolished inflammatory and fibrotic events, indicating that Ang II via the AT1 receptor is essential for pathological initiation. Our results suggest that the prenatal programming of hypertension is dependent on the up-regulation of local RAS and presence of immune cells in the kidney.
Looking for Law in Unusual Places: Cross-Border Diffusion of Environmental Norms
Authors: Affolder Natasha 
Published: May 2018

AbstractScholars of environmental law are gaining comfort with looking for law in unusual places. As a result, lists and maps of the environmental content of contractual provisions are emerging. What these lists and maps largely miss, however, is the powerful dynamic of how legal norms move across borders through contract. This article argues that contractual provisions operate as critical platforms for the migration of legal norms, ideas and technologies between project and transactional settings. Three dynamics of how this movement takes place (transfer from contract to contract, migration from contract to legislation, and entrenching private standards through contract) are explored – each revealing how contractual practices reproduce selective visions of what counts as the ‘environment’ worth protecting.
Legal and Policy Pathways of Climate Change Adaptation: Comparative Analysis of the Adaptation Practices in the United States, Australia and China
Authors: He Xiangbai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo successfully respond to climate change impacts, it is imperative that governments structure adaptation laws and policies around their country’s existing legal framework. The United States (US), China, and Australia have all made adaptation attempts through legislative, executive, and judicial action. However, because the systems of law and governance of the three countries differ, the ways in which adaptation issues are managed vary. State and local adaptation planning functions as the leading adaptation pathway in the US, whereas in Australia judicial intervention is more influential than executive action. By contrast, China relies primarily on policy to manage adaptation issues. This article argues that the differences in adaptation responses are the result of a complex combination of factors, which include climate politics and awareness of adaptation, the status of environmental principles, and the role of the judiciary. This analysis helps in identifying the opportunities and barriers associated with different adaptation solutions, and also contributes to cross-jurisdictional learning.
S‐to‐Rayleigh Wave Scattering From the Continental Margin Observed at USArray
Authors: Buehler J. S. , Mancinelli N. J. , Shearer P. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe show examples of teleseismic S waves from western Pacific earthquakes converting to surface waves near the western U.S. coastline. Many of these events originate in the Tonga‐Samoa region. We observe these surface wave conversions at USArray stations at relatively long periods (>10 s). The amplitudes vary considerably from station to station and appear highly amplified in the Yellowstone region. Two‐dimensional spectral element simulations successfully generate scattered Rayleigh waves from incident SV waves and models with surface topography at the coastline and crustal thickness variations across the margin, although simple models cannot explain the large Rayleigh wave amplitudes (greater than the direct S wave amplitude) observed in some regions, suggesting that the wave train is amplified by local structure or 3‐D focusing effects.
Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Fine Sediment Transport by Waves and Currents in a Shallow Estuary
Authors: Chou Yi‐Ju , Nelson Kurt S. , Holleman Rusty C. , Fringer Oliver B. , Stacey Mark T. , Lacy Jessica R. , Monismith Stephen G. , Koseff Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA suspended sediment transport model is implemented in the unstructured‐grid SUNTANS model and applied to study fine‐grained sediment transport in South San Francisco Bay. The model enables calculation of suspension of bottom sediment based on combined forcing of tidal currents and wind waves. We show that accurate results can be obtained by employing two‐size classes which are representative of microflocs and macroflocs in the Bay. A key finding of the paper is that the critical calibration parameter is the ratio of the erosion of the microflocs to macroflocs from the bed. Different values of this erosion ratio are needed on the shallow shoals and deeper channels because of the different nature of the sediment dynamics in these regions. Application of a spatially variable erosion ratio and critical shear stress for erosion is shown to accurately reproduce observed suspended sediment concentration at four‐field sites located along a cross‐channel transect. The results reveal a stark contrast between the behavior of the suspended sediment concentration on the shoals and in the deep channel. Waves are shown to resuspend sediments on the shoals, although tidal and wind‐generated currents are needed to mix the thin wave‐driven suspensions into the water column. The contribution to the suspended sediment concentration in the channel by transport from the shoals is similar in magnitude to that due to local resuspension. However, the local contribution is in phase with strong bottom currents which resuspend the sediments, while the contribution from the shoals peaks during low‐water slack tide.
Assessment of Autonomous pH Measurements for Determining Surface Seawater Partial Pressure of CO2
Authors: Takeshita Yuichiro , Johnson Kenneth S. , Martz Todd R. , Plant Josh N. , Sarmiento Jorge L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) program currently operates >80 profiling floats equipped with pH sensors in the Southern Ocean. Theoretically, these floats have the potential to provide unique year‐around estimates of pCO2 derived from pH measurements. Here, we evaluate this approach in the field by comparing pCO2 estimates from pH sensors to directly measured pCO2. We first discuss data from a ship's underway system which covered a large range in temperature (2–30°C) and salinity (33.6–36.5) over 43 days. This pH sensor utilizes the same sensing technology but with different packaging than those on SOCCOM floats. The mean residual varied between −4.6 ± 4.1 and 8.6 ± 4.0 (1σ) μatm, depending on how the sensor was calibrated. However, the standard deviation of the residual, interpreted as the ability to track spatiotemporal variability, was consistently < 5 μatm and was independent of the calibration method. Second, we assessed the temporal stability of this approach by comparing pCO2 estimated from four floats over 3 years to the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series. Good agreement of −2.1 ± 10.4 (1σ) µatm was observed, with coherent seasonal cycles. These results demonstrate that pCO2 estimates derived from profiling float pH measurements appear capable of reproducing spatiotemporal variations in surface pCO2 measurements and should provide a powerful observational tool to complement current efforts to understand the seasonal to interannual variability of surface pCO2 in underobserved regions of the open ocean.
Ice Shelf Rift Propagation and the Mechanics of Wave‐Induced Fracture
Authors: Lipovsky Bradley Paul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDistant storms, tsunamis, and earthquakes generate waves on floating ice shelves. Previous studies, however, have disagreed about whether the resulting wave‐induced stresses may cause ice shelf rift propagation. Most ice shelf rifts show long periods of dormancy suggesting that they have low background stress concentrations and may therefore be susceptible to wave‐induced stresses. Here I quantify wave‐induced stresses on the Ross Ice Shelf Nascent Rift and the Amery Ice Shelf Loose Tooth T2 Rift using passive seismology. I then relate these stresses to a fracture mechanical model of rift propagation that accounts for rift cohesive strength due to refrozen melange, ice inertia, and spatial heterogeneity in fracture toughness due to the presence of high toughness suture zones. I infer wave‐induced stresses using the wave impedance tensor, a rank three tensor that relates seismically observable particle velocities to components of the stress tensor. I find that wave‐induced stresses are an order of magnitude larger on the Ross Ice Shelf as compared to the Amery Ice Shelf. In the absence of additional rift strength, my model predicts that the Nascent Rift should have experienced extensive rift propagation. The observation that no such propagation occurred during this time therefore suggests that the Nascent Rift experiences strengthening from either refrozen melange or rift tip processes zone dynamics. This study illustrates one way in which passive seismology may illuminate glacier calving physics.
An Emergent Sea Ice Floe Size Distribution in a Global Coupled Ocean‐Sea Ice Model
Authors: Roach Lettie A. , Horvat Christopher , Dean Samuel M. , Bitz Cecilia M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSea ice is composed of discrete floes, which range in size across orders of magnitude. Here we present a model that represents the joint distribution of sea ice thickness and floe size. Unlike previous studies, we do not impose a particular form on the subgrid‐scale floe size distribution. Floe sizes are determined prognostically by the interaction of five key physical processes: new ice formation, welding of floes in freezing conditions, lateral growth and melt, and fracture of floes by ocean surface waves. Coupled model results suggest that these processes capture first‐order characteristics of the floe size distribution, including decay in the distribution with increasing floe size and basin‐wide spatial variability in representative radius. Lateral melt and floe welding are particularly important, with wave fracture creating floes at preferred sizes. The addition of floe size dependence to the existing model physics results in significant reductions in sea ice concentration, particularly in summer and principally due to floe size‐dependent lateral melt. The increased lateral melt alters partitioning of the melting potential, which reduces basal melt and increases sea ice thickness in some locations. These results suggest that including a floe size distribution may be important for accurate simulation of the polar climate system.
Trends in the prevalence and incidence of ankylosing spondylitis in South Korea, 2010–2015 and estimated differences according to income status
Authors: Park Jin-Sung , Hong Jae-Young , Park Ye-Soo , Han Kyungdo , Suh Seung-Woo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and incidence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in South Korea, 2010–2015. This study was conducted using the Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA) database, which includes information on every patient diagnosed with AS. The incidence and prevalence of AS were evaluated by age, sex, and income status. The prevalence increased linearly by 7.7% annually, i.e., 31.62 in 2010 to 52.30 in 2015 (per 100,000 persons). During the study period, the incidence was 6.34 per 100,000 person-years. The prevalence peaked for both men and women in the age range 30–39 years. Incidence peaked for men in the age range 20–29 years, but peaked for women between ages 70 and 89. AS was 3.6 times more prevalent in men than in women, and the incidence in men was 2.1 times greater than in women. With respect to income status, the prevalence and incidence of AS were 3 times greater and 5 times greater, respectively, in medical aid recipients compared to individuals with other income levels. The trend of increasing AS prevalence and the observation that 14.3% of all patients newly diagnosed with AS are medical aid recipients have significant implications for healthcare planning.