bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic risk, family cohesion, and adolescent aggression in Mexican American and European American families: Developmental pathways to alcohol use
Authors: Elam Kit K. , Chassin Laurie , Pandika Danielle 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPoor family cohesion and elevated adolescent aggression are associated with greater alcohol use in adolescence and early adulthood. In addition, evocative gene–environment correlations (rGEs) can underlie the interplay between offspring characteristics and negative family functioning, contributing to substance use. Gene–environment interplay has rarely been examined in racial/ethnic minority populations. The current study examined adolescents’ polygenic risk scores for aggression in evocative rGEs underlying aggression and family cohesion during adolescence, their contributions to alcohol use in early adulthood (n = 479), and differences between Mexican American and European American subsamples. Results suggest an evocative rGE between polygenic risk scores, aggression, and low family cohesion, with aggression contributing to low family cohesion over time. Greater family cohesion was associated with lower levels of alcohol use in early adulthood and this association was stronger for Mexican American adolescents compared to European American adolescents. Results are discussed with respect to integration of culture and racial/ethnic minority samples into genetic research and implications for alcohol use.
Prehospital Invasive Arterial Pressure: Use of a Minimized Flush System
Authors: Karlsson Jonas , Linde Joacim , Svensen Christer , Gellerfors Mikael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionInvasive blood pressure (IBP) monitoring could be of benefit for certain prehospital patient groups such as trauma and cardiac arrest patients. However, there are disadvantages with using conventional IBP devices. These include time to prepare the transducer kit and flush system as well as the addition of long tubing connected to the patient. It has been suggested to simplify the IBP equipment by replacing the continuous flush system with a syringe and a short stopcock.HypothesisIn this study, blood pressures measured by a standard IBP (sIBP) transducer kit with continuous flush was compared to a transducer kit connected to a simplified and minimized flush system IBP (mIBP) using only a syringe.MethodsA mechanical, experimental model was used to create arterial pressure pulsations. Measurements were made simultaneously using a sIBP and mIBP device, respectively. This was repeated four times using different mean arterial pressure (MAP): 40, 70, 110, and 140mm Hg. For each series, 16 measurements were taken during 20 minutes. Data were analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. Measurement error greater than five percent was regarded as clinically significant.ResultsMean bias and standard deviation (SD) for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and MAP was -3.05 (SD = 2.07), 0.2 (SD = 0.48), and -0.3 (SD = 0.55) mmHg, respectively. Bland-Altman plots revealed that the bias and SD for systolic pressures was mainly due to an increased under-estimation of pressures in lower ranges. All MAP and 98.4% of diastolic pressure measurements had an error of less than five percent. Systolic pressures in the MAP 40 series all had an error of greater than five percent. All other systolic pressures had an error of less than five percent.ConclusionThus, IBP with the mIBP flush system provides accurate measurement of MAP and DBP in a wide range of physiological pressures. For SBP, there was a tendency to under-estimate pressures, with larger error in lower pressures. Implementation of a simplified flush system could allow further development and potentially simplify the use of IBP for prehospital critical care teams.KarlssonJ,LindeJ,SvensenC,GellerforsM.Prehospital invasive arterial pressure: use of a minimized flush system.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(5):490–494.
Urine cultures and antibiotics for urinary tract infections in Dutch general practice
Authors: Ganzeboom Karlijn M.J. , Uijen Annemarie A. , Teunissen Doreth T.A.M. , Assendelft Willem. J.J. , Peters Hans J.G. , Hautvast Jeannine L.A. , Van Jaarsveld Cornelia H.M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in general practice, and antibiotic resistance is often seen. Urine cultures are advised by the Dutch national UTI guideline for patients at high risk of UTI complications. Prudent use of antibiotics and taking into account national guidelines and urine culture results are important to combat antibiotic resistance in general practice.AimTo identify subgroups of UTI patients in which the use of urine cultures and antibiotic prescriptions deviates from the national guidelines.MethodsWe investigated associations of several characteristics with urine culture orders in patients with UTI in 2015 from seven Dutch general practices (n=1295). These included subgroups at risk for UTI complications, comorbidities, age and history of UTI recurrence. In addition, we assessed the level of adherence to the guideline for antibiotic prescriptions in subgroups at risks for UTI complications.FindingsUrine cultures were ordered in 17% (n=221) of patients, more frequently in high-risk patients (32%) than in low-risk patients (7%), for UTI complications (OR=6.4; 95% CI 4.6–9.0). In low-risk patients, 91% received antibiotics that were recommended in the guideline. For high-risk patients this percentage ranged widely, and was particularly low in the risk groups with signs of tissue invasion (29–50%). Diagnostic and therapeutic adequacy can still be improved by increasing the adherence to the guideline in UTI patients at high risk for complications. This may contribute to containing antibiotic resistance in UTI by ordering urine cultures and use the results to adjust prescriptions to antibiotic susceptibility of the uropathogen.
Evaluation of decision support tools for patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Tapp Diane , Blais Marie-Claude 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveMedical decisions in the context of advanced cancer are more based on patient values and preferences than during the early stages of the disease. The implementation of shared decision-making is particularly important with an oncology palliative care population. However, few decision support tools focus on this population. This literature review aims to identify decision support tools related to palliative care for an oncological population and to assess their quality using International Patient Decision Aids Standards criteria.MethodThe tools were identified through PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases; the inventory of tools to assist the decisions of the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; and through the register of Cochrane trials. They were then evaluated using the third version of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards instrument.ResultSixteen tools were identified, which targeted five types of cancer and addressed a particular decision or the use of chemotherapy in addition to palliative care. The quality of the reviewed tools varies.Significance of resultsClinicians can use four decision support tools related to palliative care with an oncology population that meet a certain quality standard. Further studies are needed to develop new decision support tools targeting more types of cancer and decisions.
A profile of Australian mental health carers, their caring role and service needs: results from the 2012 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers
Authors: Diminic S. , Hielscher E. , Harris M. G. , Lee Y. Y. , Kealton J. , Whiteford H. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsPlanning mental health carer services requires information about the number of carers, their characteristics, service use and unmet support needs. Available Australian estimates vary widely due to different definitions of mental illness and the types of carers included. This study aimed to provide a detailed profile of Australian mental health carers using a nationally representative household survey.MethodsThe number of mental health carers, characteristics of carers and their care recipients, caring hours and tasks provided, service use and unmet service needs were derived from the national 2012 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers. Co-resident carers of adults with a mental illness were compared with those caring for people with physical health and other cognitive/behavioural conditions (e.g., autism, intellectual disability, dementia) on measures of service use, service needs and aspects of their caring role.ResultsIn 2012, there were 225 421 co-resident carers of adults with mental illness in Australia, representing 1.0% of the population, and an estimated further 103 813 mental health carers not living with their care recipient. The majority of co-resident carers supported one person with mental illness, usually their partner or adult child. Mental health carers were more likely than physical health carers to provide emotional support (68.1%v.19.7% of carers) and less likely to assist with practical tasks (64.1%v.86.6%) and activities of daily living (31.9%v.48.9%). Of co-resident mental health carers, 22.5% or 50 828 people were confirmed primary carers – the person providing the most support to their care recipient. Many primary mental health carers (37.8%) provided more than 40 h of care per week. Only 23.8% of primary mental health carers received government income support for carers and only 34.4% received formal service assistance in their caring role, while 49.0% wanted more support. Significantly more primary mental health than primary physical health carers were dissatisfied with received services (20.0%v.3.2%), and 35.0% did not know what services were available to them.ConclusionsResults reveal a sizable number of mental health carers with unmet needs in the Australian community, particularly with respect to financial assistance and respite care, and that these carers are poorly informed about available supports. The prominence of emotional support and their greater dissatisfaction with services indicate a need to better tailor carer services. If implemented carefully, recent Australian reforms including the Carer Gateway and National Disability Insurance Scheme hold promise for improving mental health carer supports.
GATA2 zinc finger 1 mutations are associated with distinct clinico-biological features and outcomes different from GATA2 zinc finger 2 mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tien Feng-Ming , Hou Hsin-An , Tsai Cheng-Hong , Tang Jih-Luh , Chiu Yu-Chiao , Chen Chien-Yuan , Kuo Yuan-Yeh , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Peng Yen-Ling , Liu Ming-Chih , Liu Chia-Wen , Liao Xiu-Wen , Lin Liang-In , Lin Chien-Ting , Wu Shang-Ju , Ko Bor-Sheng , Hsu Szu-Chun , Huang Shang-Yi , Yao Ming , Chou Wen-Chien , Tien Hwei-Fang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMutations of the GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) gene in myeloid malignancies usually cluster in the zinc finger 1 (ZF1) and the ZF2 domains. Mutations in different locations of GATA2 may have distinct impact on clinico-biological features and outcomes in AML patients, but little is known in this aspect. In this study, we explored GATA2 mutations in 693 de novo non-M3 AML patients and identified 44 GATA2 mutations in 43 (6.2%) patients, including 31 in ZF1, 10 in ZF2, and three outside the two domains. Different from GATA2 ZF2 mutations, ZF1 mutations were closely associated with French-American-British (FAB) M1 subtype, CEBPA double mutations (CEBPAdouble-mut), but inversely correlated with FAB M4 subtype, NPM1 mutations, and FLT3-ITD. ZF1-mutated AML patients had a significantly longer overall survival (OS) than GATA2-wild patients and ZF2-mutated patients in total cohort as well as in those with intermediate-risk cytogenetics and normal karyotype. ZF1 mutations also predicted better disease-free survival and a trend of better OS in CEBPAdouble-mut patients. Sequential analysis showed GATA2 mutations could be acquired at relapse. In conclusion, GATA2 ZF1 mutations are associated with distinct clinico-biological features and predict better prognosis, different from ZF2 mutations, in AML patients.
Utilization of rare codon-rich markers for screening amino acid overproducers
Authors: Zheng Bo , Ma Xiaoyan , Wang Ning , Ding Tingting , Guo Liwei , Zhang Xiaorong , Yang Yu , Li Chun , Huo Yi-Xin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe translation of rare codons relies on their corresponding rare tRNAs, which could not be fully charged under amino acid starvation. Theoretically, disrupted or retarded translation caused by the lack of charged rare tRNAs can be partially restored by feeding or intracellular synthesis of the corresponding amino acids. Inspired by this assumption, we develop a screening or selection system for obtaining overproducers of a target amino acid by replacing its common codons with the corresponding synonymous rare alternative in the coding sequence of selected reporter proteins or antibiotic-resistant markers. Results show that integration of rare codons can inhibit gene translations in a frequency-dependent manner. As a proof-of-concept, Escherichia coli strains overproducing l-leucine, l-arginine or l-serine are successfully selected from random mutation libraries. The system is also applied to Corynebacterium glutamicum to screen out l-arginine overproducers. This strategy sheds new light on obtaining and understanding amino acid overproduction strains.
Biomimetic coating-free surfaces for long-term entrapment of air under wetting liquids
Authors: Domingues Eddy M. , Arunachalam Sankara , Nauruzbayeva Jamilya , Mishra Himanshu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTrapping air at the solid–liquid interface is a promising strategy for reducing frictional drag and desalting water, although it has thus far remained unachievable without perfluorinated coatings. Here, we report on biomimetic microtextures composed of doubly reentrant cavities (DRCs) and reentrant cavities (RCs) that can enable even intrinsically wetting materials to entrap air for long periods upon immersion in liquids. Using SiO2/Si wafers as the model system, we demonstrate that while the air entrapped in simple cylindrical cavities immersed in hexadecane is lost after 0.2 s, the air entrapped in the DRCs remained intact even after 27 days (~106 s). To understand the factors and mechanisms underlying this ten-million-fold enhancement, we compared the behaviors of DRCs, RCs and simple cavities of circular and non-circular shapes on immersion in liquids of low and high vapor pressures through high-speed imaging, confocal microscopy, and pressure cells. Those results might advance the development of coating-free liquid repellent surfaces.
LincRNA H19 protects from dietary obesity by constraining expression of monoallelic genes in brown fat
Authors: Schmidt Elena , Dhaouadi Ines , Gaziano Isabella , Oliverio Matteo , Klemm Paul , Awazawa Motoharu , Mitterer Gerfried , Fernandez-Rebollo Eduardo , Pradas-Juni Marta , Wagner Wolfgang , Hammerschmidt Philipp , Loureiro Rute , Kiefer Christoph , Hansmeier Nils R. , Khani Sajjad , Bergami Matteo , Heine Markus , Ntini Evgenia , Frommolt Peter , Zentis Peter , Ørom Ulf Andersson , Heeren Jörg , Blüher Matthias , Bilban Martin , Kornfeld Jan-Wilhelm 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIncreasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in mice and humans improves metabolic health and understanding BAT function is of interest for novel approaches to counteract obesity. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these processes remains elusive. We observed maternally expressed, imprinted lncRNA H19 increased upon cold-activation and decreased in obesity in BAT. Inverse correlations of H19 with BMI were also observed in humans. H19 overexpression promoted, while silencing of H19 impaired adipogenesis, oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial respiration in brown but not white adipocytes. In vivo, H19 overexpression protected against DIO, improved insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial biogenesis, whereas fat H19 loss sensitized towards HFD weight gains. Strikingly, paternally expressed genes (PEG) were largely absent from BAT and we demonstrated that H19 recruits PEG-inactivating H19-MBD1 complexes and acts as BAT-selective PEG gatekeeper. This has implications for our understanding how monoallelic gene expression affects metabolism in rodents and, potentially, humans.
Cryo-EM of full-length α-synuclein reveals fibril polymorphs with a common structural kernel
Authors: Li Binsen , Ge Peng , Murray Kevin A. , Sheth Phorum , Zhang Meng , Nair Gayatri , Sawaya Michael R. , Shin Woo Shik , Boyer David R. , Ye Shulin , Eisenberg David S. , Zhou Z. Hong , Jiang Lin 
Published: August 2018

Abstractα-Synuclein (aSyn) fibrillar polymorphs have distinct in vitro and in vivo seeding activities, contributing differently to synucleinopathies. Despite numerous prior attempts, how polymorphic aSyn fibrils differ in atomic structure remains elusive. Here, we present fibril polymorphs from the full-length recombinant human aSyn and their seeding capacity and cytotoxicity in vitro. By cryo-electron microscopy helical reconstruction, we determine the structures of the two predominant species, a rod and a twister, both at 3.7 Å resolution. Our atomic models reveal that both polymorphs share a kernel structure of a bent β-arch, but differ in their inter-protofilament interfaces. Thus, different packing of the same kernel structure gives rise to distinct fibril polymorphs. Analyses of disease-related familial mutations suggest their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies by altering population distribution of the fibril polymorphs. Drug design targeting amyloid fibrils in neurodegenerative diseases should consider the formation and distribution of concurrent fibril polymorphs.
Drought reduces blue-water fluxes more strongly than green-water fluxes in Europe
Authors: Orth René , Destouni Georgia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDrought comprehensively affects different interlinked aspects of the terrestrial water cycle, which have so far been mostly investigated without direct comparison. Resolving the partitioning of water deficit during drought into blue-water runoff and green-water evapotranspiration fluxes is critical, as anomalies in these fluxes threaten different associated societal sectors and ecosystems. Here, we analyze the propagation of drought-inducing precipitation deficits through soil moisture reductions to their impacts on blue and green-water fluxes by use of comprehensive multi-decadal data from > 400 near-natural catchments along a steep climate gradient across Europe. We show that soil-moisture drought reduces runoff stronger and faster than it reduces evapotranspiration over the entire continent. While runoff responds within weeks, evapotranspiration can be unaffected for months. Understanding these drought-impact pathways across blue and green-water fluxes and geospheres is essential for ensuring food and water security, and developing early-warning and adaptation systems in support of society and ecosystems.
Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE
Authors: Büntgen Ulf , Wacker Lukas , Galván J. Diego , Arnold Stephanie , Arseneault Dominique , Baillie Michael , Beer Jürg , Bernabei Mauro , Bleicher Niels , Boswijk Gretel , Bräuning Achim , Carrer Marco , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Cherubini Paolo , Christl Marcus , Christie Duncan A. , Clark Peter W. , Cook Edward R. , D’Arrigo Rosanne , Davi Nicole , Eggertsson Ólafur , Esper Jan , Fowler Anthony M. , Gedalof Ze’ev , Gennaretti Fabio , Grießinger Jussi , Grissino-Mayer Henri , Grudd Håkan , Gunnarson Björn E. , Hantemirov Rashit , Herzig Franz , Hessl Amy , Heussner Karl-Uwe , Jull A. J. Timothy , Kukarskih Vladimir , Kirdyanov Alexander , Kolář Tomáš , Krusic Paul J. , Kyncl Tomáš , Lara Antonio , LeQuesne Carlos , Linderholm Hans W. , Loader Neil J. , Luckman Brian , Miyake Fusa , Myglan Vladimir S. , Nicolussi Kurt , Oppenheimer Clive , Palmer Jonathan , Panyushkina Irina , Pederson Neil , Rybníček Michal , Schweingruber Fritz H. , Seim Andrea , Sigl Michael , Churakova Olga , Speer James H. , Synal Hans-Arno , Tegel Willy , Treydte Kerstin , Villalba Ricardo , Wiles Greg , Wilson Rob , Winship Lawrence J. , Wunder Jan , Yang Bao , Young Giles H. F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThough tree-ring chronologies are annually resolved, their dating has never been independently validated at the global scale. Moreover, it is unknown if atmospheric radiocarbon enrichment events of cosmogenic origin leave spatiotemporally consistent fingerprints. Here we measure the 14C content in 484 individual tree rings formed in the periods 770–780 and 990–1000 CE. Distinct 14C excursions starting in the boreal summer of 774 and the boreal spring of 993 ensure the precise dating of 44 tree-ring records from five continents. We also identify a meridional decline of 11-year mean atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations across both hemispheres. Corroborated by historical eye-witness accounts of red auroras, our results suggest a global exposure to strong solar proton radiation. To improve understanding of the return frequency and intensity of past cosmic events, which is particularly important for assessing the potential threat of space weather on our society, further annually resolved 14C measurements are needed.
microCLIP super learning framework uncovers functional transcriptome-wide miRNA interactions
Authors: Paraskevopoulou Maria D. , Karagkouni Dimitra , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Tastsoglou Spyros , Hatzigeorgiou Artemis G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArgonaute crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) experiments are the most widely used high-throughput methodologies for miRNA targetome characterization. The analysis of Photoactivatable Ribonucleoside-Enhanced (PAR) CLIP methodology focuses on sequence clusters containing T-to-C conversions. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the non-T-to-C clusters, frequently observed in PAR-CLIP experiments, exhibit functional miRNA-binding events and strong RNA accessibility. This discovery is based on the analysis of an extensive compendium of bona fide miRNA-binding events, and is further supported by numerous miRNA perturbation experiments and structural sequencing data. The incorporation of these previously neglected clusters yields an average of 14% increase in miRNA-target interactions per PAR-CLIP library. Our findings are integrated in microCLIP (www.microrna.gr/microCLIP), a cutting-edge framework that combines deep learning classifiers under a super learning scheme. The increased performance of microCLIP in CLIP-Seq-guided detection of miRNA interactions, uncovers previously elusive regulatory events and miRNA-controlled pathways.
Dynamic capillary assembly of colloids at interfaces with 10,000g accelerations
Authors: Huerre Axel , De Corato Marco , Garbin Valeria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh-rate deformation of soft matter is an emerging area central to our understanding of far-from-equilibrium phenomena during shock, fracture, and phase change. Monolayers of colloidal particles are a convenient two-dimensional model system to visualise emergent behaviours in soft matter, but previous studies have been limited to slow deformations. Here we probe and visualise the evolution of a monolayer of colloids confined at a bubble surface during high-rate deformation driven by ultrasound. We observe the emergence of a transient network of strings, and use discrete particle simulations to show that it is caused by a delicate interplay of dynamic capillarity and hydrodynamic interactions between particles oscillating at high frequency. Remarkably for a colloidal system, we find evidence of inertial effects, caused by accelerations approaching 10,000g. These results also suggest that extreme deformation of soft matter offers new opportunities for pattern formation and dynamic self-assembly.