bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Forensic Laboratories Through University Collaboration: Obtaining Conclusive Reports and Reference Materials via NMR
Authors: Arantes Luciano Chaves , Silveira Dâmaris , Magno Sousa de Azerêdo Gabriel , Enrique Estrada Semprun Omar , Lima de Oliveira Aline , Benedito Luiz Eduardo Celino , Lião Luciano Morais , Oliveira Gerlon de Almeida Ribeiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTForensic laboratories play a pivotal role in identifying and quantifying drugs in police seizures, often using spectroscopic techniques in combination with chromatographic methods that rely on chemical reference substances (CRS). The demand for a wide variety of CRS is critical, not only for common drugs like cocaine but also for the rapidly increasing number of new psychoactive substances (NPS), which emerge weekly. However, acquiring CRS is costly and bureaucratic because of the restricted circulation of these substances. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers a viable alternative to identifying and quantifying substances without the need for specific CRS for each analyte. Although NMR equipment is commonly available at universities, it is typically absent from police laboratories because of its high initial cost. This work highlights a successful partnership between a forensic laboratory and university‐based NMR facilities as a cost‐effective strategy for obtaining CRS. A case study involving four substances—cocaine, two recently scheduled NPS, metonitazene and dipentylone, and ADB‐5′Br‐BUTINACA—demonstrates the effectiveness of this collaboration. This partnership allowed the generation of conclusive reports for seized substances, providing early warnings about NPS and helping to prevent potential outbreaks and public health crises. Additionally, the strategy facilitated the acquisition of expensive CRS from samples that would otherwise be destroyed, at a reduced cost and within a shorter timeframe. Furthermore, this partnership enhances student training in advanced instrumental analysis and research, showcasing the benefits of collaboration between forensic and academic institutions.
Ungated, plug‐and‐play preclinical cardiac CEST‐MRI using radial FLASH with segmented saturation
Authors: Weigand‐Whittier Jonah , Wendland Michael , Lam Bonnie , Velasquez Mark , Vandsburger Moriel H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeElectrocardiography (ECG) and respiratory‐gated preclinical cardiac CEST‐MRI acquisitions are difficult because of variable saturation recovery with T1, RF interference in the ECG signal, and offset‐to‐offset variation in Z‐magnetization and cardiac phase introduced by changes in cardiac frequency and trigger delays.MethodsThe proposed method consists of segmented saturation modules with radial FLASH readouts and golden angle progression. The segmented saturation blocks drive the system to steady‐state, and because center k‐space is sampled repeatedly, steady‐state saturation dominates contrast during gridding and reconstruction. Ten complete Z‐spectra were acquired in healthy mice using both ECG and respiratory‐gated and ungated methods. Z‐spectra were also acquired at multiple saturation B1 values to optimize for amide and Cr contrasts.ResultsThere was no significant difference between CEST contrasts (amide, Cr, magnetization transfer) calculated from images acquired using ECG and respiratory‐gated and ungated methods (p = 0.27, 0.11, 0.47). A saturation power of 1.8μT provides optimal contrast amplitudes for both amide and total Cr contrast without significantly complicating CEST contrast quantification because of water direct saturation, magnetization transfer, and RF spillover between amide and Cr pools. Further, variability in CEST contrast measurements was significantly reduced using the ungated radial FLASH acquisition (p = 0.002, 0.006 for amide and Cr, respectively).ConclusionThis method enables CEST mapping in the murine myocardium without the need for cardiac or respiratory gating. Quantitative CEST contrasts are consistent with those obtained using gated sequences, and per‐contrast variance is significantly reduced. This approach makes preclinical cardiac CEST‐MRI easily accessible, even for investigators without prior experience in cardiac imaging.
Patient Characteristics and Practice Variation Associated With New Community Prescription of Benzodiazepine and z‐Drug Hypnotics After Critical Illness: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Mansi Elizabeth T. , Rentsch Christopher T. , Bourne Richard S. , Guthrie Bruce , Lone Nazir I. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeSurvivors of critical illness are often affected by new or worsened mental health conditions and sleep disorders. We examined the incidence, practice variation and factors associated with new benzodiazepine and z‐drug community prescriptions among critical illness survivors.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink data included 52 846 adult critical care survivors hospitalised in 2010 and 2018 who were not prescribed benzodiazepines or z‐drugs before hospitalisation. We performed multilevel multivariable logistic regression to assess patient factors associated with new (any prescription within 90 days) and with new‐and‐persistent (2+ prescriptions within 180 days) benzodiazepine or z‐drug prescribing, and to evaluate variation by primary care practice.Results5.2% (2769/52846) of treatment‐naïve survivors (95% CI 5.1–5.4) were prescribed a benzodiazepine or z‐drug, and 2.5% (1311/52846) had new‐and‐persistent prescribing. A history of insomnia (adjusted OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.74–2.21), anxiety or depression (adjusted OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.28–1.53) and recent prescription opioid use (adjusted OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.34–1.61) were associated with new community prescription. Sex was not associated with new prescriptions and older patients were less likely to receive a prescription. 2.6% of the variation in new prescribing and 4.1% of the variation in new‐and‐persistent prescribing were attributable to the prescribing practice.ConclusionsOne in twenty critical illness survivors receive a new community benzodiazepine or z‐drug prescription. Further research is needed to understand where in the patient care pathway initiation occurs and the risk of adverse events in survivors of recent critical illness.
Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control of a Parallel Robot With Workspace Optimization and Trajectory Planning
Authors: Saidi Ahlem , Mezghani Ben Romdhane Neila , Boukattaya Mohamed , Damak Tarak 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control for the PAR 4 parallel robot, focusing on workspace optimization and trajectory planning. First, an analytical inverse kinematic model is derived to calculate the workspace, which is then extended using parameter optimization techniques. Next, a trajectory planning method based on the S‐curve approach is proposed to generate the desired path, with special attention to reducing the cycle time of pick‐and‐place operations using sequential quadratic programming method. Finally, a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control strategy is suggested to enable the robot to accurately track the generated trajectory. The stability of the closed‐loop system is analyzed using Lyapunov theory, and the effectiveness of the controller is validated through simulation results.
Responsive 3D Printed Microstructures Based on Collagen Folding and Unfolding
Authors: Mainik Philipp , Aponte‐Santamaría Camilo , Fladung Magdalena , Curticean Ronald Ernest , Wacker Irene , Hofhaus Götz , Bastmeyer Martin , Schröder Rasmus R. , Gräter Frauke , Blasco Eva 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMimicking extracellular matrices holds great potential for tissue engineering in biological and biomedical applications. A key compound for the mechanical stability of these matrices is collagen, which also plays an important role in many intra‐ and intercellular processes. Two‐photon 3D laser printing offers structuring of these matrices with subcellular resolution. So far, efforts on 3D microprinting of collagen have been limited to simple geometries and customized set‐ups. Herein, an easily accessible approach is presented using a collagen type I methacrylamide (ColMA) ink system which can be stored at room temperature and be precisely printed using a commercial two‐photon 3D laser printer. The formulation and printing parameters are carefully optimized enabling the manufacturing of defined 3D microstructures. Furthermore, these printed microstructures show a fully reversible response upon heating and cooling in multiple cycles, indicating successful collagen folding and unfolding. This experimental observation has been supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Thus, the study opens new perspectives for designing new responsive biomaterials for 4D (micro)printing.
Unraveling the Augmented Field Emission Performance of Molybdenum Disulfide‐Praseodymium Sulfide (MoS2@PrS) Heterostructure: A Combined Experimental and First Principles‐Based Study
Authors: Mahajan Anima , Khan Mayur , Umapathy G. R. , Jha Menaka , Ghosh Santanu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe molybdenum disulfide‐praseodymium sulfide (MoS2‐PrS) heterojunctions are optimally synthesized through a sophisticated three‐step procedure. Initially, MoS2 rods are synthesized using the micellar route followed by a solid‐state reaction, forming well‐defined structures. Subsequently, PrS nanoparticles are synthesized using the same method. In the final stage, PrS nanoparticles are evenly self‐assembled onto the MoS2 rods to create MoS2‐PrS heterojunctions. This is accomplished using a combination of polyethylene glycol and ethanol as a cohesive substance, assisted by the spin coating process. The MoS2‐PrS heterostructure has exceptional field emission characteristics, with a much lower turn‐on field of 2.6 V µm−1. This is in sharp contrast to the turn‐on fields of 3.5 and 4.3 V µm−1 reported in pure MoS2 and PrS, respectively. The emission current demonstrates remarkable stability at a predetermined value of 6 V µm−1 across 8 h, with variations limited to within ±2% of the mean value. The improved field emission (FE) capability of the MoS2‐PrS heterostructure is attributed to its high enhancement factor (β) of 2.1 × 103. The results highlight the capability of the MoS2‐PrS heterostructure emitter as a promising electron source in vacuum nano/microelectronic systems. Density functional theory calculation on electronic structure is performed to support the experimental results.
Robust Multifunctional Films with Excellent EMI Shielding, Anti‐Peeling, and Joule Heating Performances Enabled by an Encapsulated Highly Conductive Fabric Strategy
Authors: Chen Teng , Cheng Xiang , Cai Jun , Gong De , Gong Weilu , Yang Pengyuan , Wang Jianchong , Zhu Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, the issue of electromagnetic pollution has become increasingly prominent. Flexible polymer films with various conductive fillers are preferred to address this problem due to their highly efficient and durable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. However, their applications are restricted by the unbalanced and insufficient electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding capabilities, as well as the weak interlayer bonding force. In this work, robust flexible multifunctional AgNW/MXene/NiCo‐C (AMN) films are fabricated by hierarchical casting assembly and an encapsulated conductive fabric strategy. The synergistic effect of the conductive‐absorption integrated sandwich core fabric and the conductive encapsulation layer collaborate to provide excellent absorption‐dominated EMI shielding (EMI SEmax = 89.12 dB with an ultralow reflectivity value of 0.19) and Joule heating (a high temperature of 103.5 °C at 4.5 V) performances. Besides, AMN films with embedded fabrics as a reinforcement structure achieved enhanced peel (1.97 N mm−1) and tensile (7.85 MPa) strengths through an interface enhancement process (plasma and pre‐immersion treatments). In conclusion, this paper proposes a feasible paradigm to prepare flexible multifunctional conductive films, which demonstrate tremendous potential for applications in the wearable electronics and aerospace fields.
The role of the inferior glenohumeral capsule ratio in the diagnosis of frozen shoulder/ adhesive capsulitis—An ultrasound study
Authors: Shrestha‐Taylor Sumi , Clarke Jillian L. , Poulos Ann , Halaki Mark , Ginn Karen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of the inferior glenohumeral capsule (IGHC) ratio in diagnosing frozen shoulder (FS) by analysing two patient groups with shoulder dysfunction, one with and the other without clinical signs of FS.MethodsThis study was performed in volunteers with unilateral shoulder problems. Passive ranges of motion were measured, and pre‐defined clinical criteria were used to allocate participants into FS and no‐FS groups. IGHC ratios were calculated at shoulder abduction angles of 60° and 90°. The Independent‐Samples‐Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the distributions of the IGHC ratios of the two groups.ResultsOf 151 participants (53 years ± 7, 78 men), 13 fulfilled the FS criteria. All participants were measured at 60° abduction. Eight of the FS and 127 of the no‐FS groups were able to be measured at 90°. A significant group difference was found in the IGHC ratios at 90° abduction (p = .008, FS group = 1.8, no‐FS group = 1.1) but not at 60° (p = .31). At 90° abduction, an IGHC ratio ≥1.8 was 92% specific to the FS cohort. In those without clinical signs of FS, no difference was found in IGHC thicknesses between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides.ConclusionThe ultrasound IGHC thickness ratio obtained at 90° shoulder abduction has potential for confirming the clinical suspicion of FS in those who can abduct their shoulders to 90°. The contralateral shoulder used for comparison does not have to be symptom free as long as it does not exhibit clinical signs of FS.
Modulation and Mechanisms of Cellulose‐Based Hydrogels for Flexible Sensors
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xu Ting , Liu Kun , Zhu Liyu , Miao Chengyun , Chen Ting , Gao Mengge , Wang Junfeng , Si Chuanling 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFlexible sensors exhibit the properties of excellent shape adaptability and deformation ability, which have been applied for environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, food safety, smart systems, and human–computer interaction. Cellulose‐based hydrogels are ideal materials for the fabrication of flexible sensors due to their unique three‐dimensional structure, renewability, ease of processing, biodegradability, modifiability, and good mechanical properties. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advances of cellulose‐based hydrogels in the construction of flexible sensor applications. The characteristics, mechanisms, and advantages of cellulose‐based hydrogels prepared by physical cross‐linking, chemical cross‐linking are respectively analyzed and summarized in detail. The focus then turns to the research and development in cellulose‐based hydrogel sensors, including physical sensing (pressure/strain, humidity/temperature, and optical sensing), chemical sensing (chromium, copper, and mercury ion sensing, toxic gas sensing, nitrite sensing), and biosensing (glucose, antibody, and cellular sensing). Additionally, the limitations of cellulose‐based hydrogels in sensors, along with key challenges and future directions, are discussed. It is anticipated that this review will furnish invaluable insight for the advancement of novel green, flexible sensors and facilitate the integration of cellulose‐based hydrogels as a fundamental component in the development of multifunctional sensing technologies, thereby expediting the design of innovative materials in the near future.
Isoproterenol and phenylephrine infusions following external pacing failure in an anaesthetised dog with sick sinus syndrome undergoing unilateral mastectomy
Authors: Mattaliano Giorgio , Alonso Bruna , Mosing Martina , Rocchi Attilio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractManaging anaesthesia in dogs with sick sinus syndrome poses significant challenges due to bradyarrhythmias and life‐threatening hypotension. An 8‐year‐old, mixed‐breed dog with sick sinus syndrome underwent general anaesthesia for unilateral mastectomy. Anaesthetic drugs with minimal cardiovascular impact and a multimodal analgesic approach, including loco‐regional techniques, were employed. Initially, transcutaneous pacing ensured stable cardiovascular parameters, but surgical repositioning led to pacing failure, causing a rapid drop in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. Immediate infusion of isoproterenol and phenylephrine successfully normalised the dog's haemodynamics, allowing the 100‐minute surgery to proceed with stable vital parameters. The infusions were discontinued at the end of anaesthesia, leading to an uneventful recovery. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of isoproterenol and phenylephrine infusions in managing an anaesthetised dog with sick sinus syndrome, highlighting the importance of preparedness and having alternative pharmacological interventions ready for device‐related challenges.
Hyper‐Parameter Optimization of Kernel Functions on Multi‐Class Text Categorization: A Comparative Evaluation
Authors: Loki Michael , Mindila Agnes , Cheruiyot Wilson 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, machine learning (ML) has witnessed a paradigm shift in kernel function selection, which is pivotal in optimizing various ML models. Despite multiple studies about its significance, a comprehensive understanding of kernel function selection, particularly about model performance, still needs to be explored. Challenges remain in selecting and optimizing kernel functions to improve model performance and efficiency. The study investigates how gamma parameter and cost parameter influence performance metrics in multi‐class classification tasks using various kernel‐based algorithms. Through sensitivity analysis, the impact of these parameters on classification performance and computational efficiency is assessed. The experimental setup involves deploying ML models using four kernel‐based algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Radial Basis Function, Polynomial Kernel, and Sigmoid Kernel. Data preparation includes text processing, categorization, and feature extraction using TfidfVectorizer, followed by model training and validation. Results indicate that Support Vector Machine with default settings and Radial Basis Function kernel consistently outperforms polynomial and sigmoid kernels. Adjusting gamma improves model accuracy and precision, highlighting its role in capturing complex relationships. Regularization cost parameters, however, show minimal impact on performance. The study also reveals that configurations with moderate gamma values achieve better balance between performance and computational time compared to higher gamma values or no gamma adjustment. The findings underscore the delicate balance between model performance and computational efficiency by highlighting the trade‐offs between model complexity and efficiency.
Introduction
Authors: Sefton-Green Julian , Livingstone Sonia , Mannell Kate , Erstad Ola 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis brief introductory chapter establishes the context for the argument of this book. In a context of increasing platformization and simultaneously reshaping of the contemporary family, how do platforms and families see, understand, and interact with each other as changing kinds of processes and social institutions? The chapter outlines the contents of the rest of the book.
Sozialwissenschaftliche Mobilitätsforschung als interdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld
Authors: Ruhrort Lisa 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel umreißt anhand ausgewählter Fragestellungen die Konturen der sozialwissenschaftlichen Mobilitätsforschung als interdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld und zeigt dabei auf, wie sich die sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektive von planerischen, technischen und ökonomischen Ansätzen unterscheidet. Zugleich werden interdisziplinäre Schnittstellen zwischen den verschiedenen sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und zu den Planungs- und Technikwissenschaften aufgezeigt. Abschließend gibt der Artikel einen Ausblick auf zukünftige zentrale Forschungsfragen.
Transformation des Verkehrssystems: Konflikte und Komplexität
Authors: Dangschat Jens S. , Sgibnev Wladimir 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Transformation des Mobilitätssystems ist mehr als eine Antriebswende, die lediglich lokale Emissionsfreiheit anstrebt und damit verbundene Probleme des Extraktivismus ausblendet. Die Transformation ist notwendigerweise komplex, multiskalar und konfliktreich. Daher wird in diesem Kapitel die globale Verwobenheit und historische und kulturelle Einbettung von Mobilität thematisiert und Analogien zu anderen grundlegenden sozialen und ökonomisch-technischen Umwälzungen gezogen. Abschließend wird dafür plädiert, die dominante Automobilität als Voraussetzung für eine wirksame Transformation des Verkehrssystems zu überwinden.
Weyl-invariant Einstein-Cartan gravity: unifying the strong CP and hierarchy puzzles
Authors: Karananas Georgios K. , Shaposhnikov Mikhail , Zell Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We show that the minimal Weyl-invariant Einstein-Cartan gravity in combination with the Standard Model of particle physics contains just one extra scalar degree of freedom (in addition to the graviton and the Standard Model fields) with the properties of an axion-like particle which can solve the strong CP-problem. The smallness of this particle’s mass as well as of the cosmological constant is ensured by tiny values of the gauge coupling constants of the local Lorentz group. The tree value of the Higgs boson mass and that of Majorana leptons (if added to the Standard Model to solve the neutrino mass, baryogenesis and dark matter problems) are very small or vanishing, opening the possibility of their computability in terms of the fundamental parameters of the theory due to nonperturbative effects.
Non-invertible surface defects in 2+1d QFTs from half spacetime gauging
Authors: Cui Wei , Haghighat Babak , Ruggeri Lorenzo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study duality defects in 2+1d theories with $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(0)}\times {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

0

×

ℤ
N

1

global symmetry and trivial mixed ’t Hooft anomaly. By gauging these symmetries simultaneously in half of the spacetime, we define duality defects for theories that are self-dual under gauging. We calculate the fusion rules involving duality defects and show that they obey a fusion 2-category. We also construct the corresponding symmetry topological field theory, obtained from a four-dimensional BF theory gauging a $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{\textrm{EM}} $$

ℤ
N
EM

electric-magnetic symmetry. Furthermore, we provide explicit examples of such duality defects in U(1) × U(1) gauge theories and in more general product theories. Finally, we find duality defects in non-Lagrangian theories obtained by compactification of 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 0) SCFTs of type AN−1 on various three-manifolds.