bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Flux Cancellation as the Trigger Mechanism of Solar Coronal Jets
Authors: McGlasson Riley A. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Sterling Alphonse C. , Moore Ronald L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Coronal jets are transient narrow features in the solar corona that originate from all regions of the solar disk: active regions, quiet Sun, and coronal holes. Recent studies indicate that at least some coronal jets in quiet regions and coronal holes are driven by the eruption of a minifilament following flux cancellation at a magnetic neutral line. We have tested the veracity of that view by examining 60 random jets in quiet regions and coronal holes using multithermal (304, 171, 193, and 211 Å) extreme ultraviolet images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and line-of-sight magnetograms from the SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. By examining the structure and changes in the magnetic field before, during, and after jet onset, we found that 85% of these jets resulted from a minifilament eruption triggered by flux cancellation at the neutral line. The 60 jets have a mean base diameter of 8800 ± 3100 km and a mean duration of 9 ± 3.6 minutes. These observations confirm that minifilament eruption is the driver and magnetic flux cancellation is the primary trigger mechanism for most coronal hole and quiet region coronal jets.
Chree Method of Analysis: A Critique of Its Application to Forbush Events Selection Criteria and Timing
Authors: Okike O. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Chree method of analysis is a useful tool employed in solar–terrestrial studies. In a bid to fine-tune the results obtained by the technique, some areas of improvements, especially the statistical test of significance, have been pointed out. Recently, Okike & Umahi spotted another pitfall in the technique with regard to the type of neutron monitor data used. The present work suggests that harmonic analysis is required to deal with galactic cosmic-ray (CR) signals, composed of different periodicities, cycles, and short-term random fluctuations. It is equally demonstrated that an R software program could be adapted to calculate the magnitude and timing of the sudden and rapid depressions (referred to as Forbush decreases [FDs]) in the high-frequency term of the transformed signal. Our results, in agreement with those of the IZMIRAN group, suggest that large FDs might not be as rare as are claimed by the numerous solar–terrestrial superposition analyses. The present analysis, in consonance with the global survey method of Belov et al., demonstrates that a sophisticated method is required to select FDs in a large volume of CR data. Thus, the small FD samples, usually employed in solar–terrestrial analyses, might be the reason for the misleading conclusions in some past studies that were investigating solar–climate links.
Raphia vinifera (Arecaceae; Calamoideae): Misidentified for far too long
Authors: Mogue Kamga Suzanne , Sonké Bonaventure , Couvreur Thomas L.P. 
Published: August 2019

The genusRaphia(Arecaceae/Palmae) is the most economically and culturally important genus of African palms. With over 20 recognized species, it is also the most diversified among tropical African palms. However, significant taxonomic confusion still persists in the genus.Raphia viniferaP.Beauv. is one of the first two names described in the genus, but the species has been misidentified and confused for several decades.We clarify the taxonomic identity ofR. vinifera.We retrace the taxonomic history of the name and clarify its morphological identity using the literature and type material. We synonymize the nameR. mambillensiswithR. vinifera.We provide a new detailed morphological description ofR. viniferabased on the study of herbarium material and field data. A distribution map is also provided.Raphia viniferais still incompletely known, and more research should be undertaken on this species' presence and ecology, especially in West Africa.
Size-dependent seasonal activity for males of the dung beetle Copris acutidens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Akamine Mayumi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine differences in activities between two male morphs of the dung beetle Copris acutidens Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) during the reproductive period and to examine the size distribution of reproductive males that stayed in nests. The activities of two male morphs distinguished by a threshold value of body size were compared with those by horn length. Regardless of body size or horn length, earlier activity of minor males was observed during the reproductive period. The sex ratio showed the greatest female bias when minor males were the more abundant than major males, indicating that minor males were the most active when competition was the weakest and these could avoid direct combat with major males. In morphs distinguished by horn length, more major males than minor males stayed in nests with females although the major males became the most active from the middle of the reproductive period. Thus, longer horns may directly confer a competitive advantage to males, enabling them to stay in nests with females, whereas early activity of minor males does not always indicate the effect of horn length directly. Therefore, this behaviour may occur regardless of whether the morphs differ in body size or horn length.
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Characteristics and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Questionnaire Score in Collegiate Baseball Athletes
Authors: Faherty Mallory S. , Plata Aldo , Chasse Patrick , Zarzour Robert , Sell Timothy C. 
Published: August 2019

Context
Upper extremity (UE) musculoskeletal injuries are common in baseball athletes due to the increased demand placed on the UE. The link between risk factors for UE musculoskeletal injuries and baseball athletes' perceived UE function and pain, as measured by the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) questionnaire, is unclear.

Objective
To (1) describe the musculoskeletal characteristics of the UE (posture, range of motion, flexibility, and isometric strength) in a population of baseball athletes and (2) determine the predictive capability of UE musculoskeletal characteristics for the KJOC score in these athletes.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Athletic training room.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 37 male National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball athletes (age = 20.10 ± 1.27 years, height = 186.96 ± 7.64 cm, mass = 90.60 ± 10.69 kg).

Intervention(s)
Athletes self-reported all shoulder musculoskeletal injuries and completed the KJOC questionnaire. Postural assessment consisted of forward head and shoulder posture. Flexibility tests characterized glenohumeral internal and external rotation, posterior shoulder tightness, and pectoralis minor length. Strength tests involved the lower and middle trapezius, rhomboid, glenohumeral internal and external rotation, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, supraspinatus, and upper trapezius.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
All 10 KJOC questions were summed for an overall score out of 100. Questions 1 through 5 were summed for a pain score; questions 6 through 10 were summed for a function score. All data were assessed for normality. A stepwise multiple regression model was fit to determine if the predictor variables assessed could predict the KJOC score. We set the α level a priori at .05.

Results
For the KJOC total score, a 1-year history of shoulder injury accounted for 7.80% of the variance in the KJOC total score (P = .07). For KJOC questions 1 through 5, a history of UE injury in the year before testing and posterior shoulder tightness accounted for 14.40% of the variance in the KJOC total score (P = .047).

Conclusions
The link between a history of UE musculoskeletal injuries and the KJOC score highlights the need for continued focus on self-perceived pain and function after UE musculoskeletal injury.
Assessing the formation and evolution mechanisms of severe haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region using process analysis
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhu Jia , Liao Hong , Gao Yi , Qiu Yulu , Zhang Meigen , Liu Zirui , Li Nan , Wang Yuesi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Fine-particle pollution associated with haze threatens human
health, especially in the North China Plain region, where extremely high PM2.5
concentrations are frequently observed during winter. In this study, the
Weather
Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model coupled with an improved integrated process analysis scheme
was used to investigate the formation and evolution mechanisms of a haze
event over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in December 2015; this included an examination of
the contributions of local emissions and regional transport to the PM2.5
concentration in the BTH area, and the contributions of each detailed physical or
chemical process to the variations in the PM2.5 concentration. The
mechanisms influencing aerosol radiative forcing (including aerosol direct
and indirect effects) were also examined by using process analysis.
During the aerosol accumulation stage (16–22 December, Stage 1), the near-surface PM2.5 concentration in the BTH region increased from 24.2 to 289.8 µg m−3, with the contributions of
regional transport increasing from 12 % to 40 %, while the contribution
of local emissions decreased from 59 % to 38 %. During the aerosol
dispersion stage (23–27 December, Stage 2), the average
concentration of PM2.5 was 107.9 µg m−3, which was
contributed by local emissions (51 %) and regional transport (24 %).
The 24 h change (23:00 minus 00:00 LST) in the near-surface PM2.5
concentration was +43.9 µg m−3 during Stage 1
and −41.5 µg m−3 during Stage 2. The contributions of
aerosol chemistry, advection, and vertical mixing to the 24 h change were
+29.6 (+17.9) µg m−3, −71.8 (−103.6) µg m−3, and
−177.3 (−221.6) µg m−3 during Stage 1
(Stage 2), respectively. Small differences in the contributions
of other processes were found between Stage 1 and
Stage 2. Therefore, the PM2.5 increase over the BTH region during the
haze formation stage was mainly attributed to strong production by the
aerosol chemistry process and weak removal by the advection and vertical mixing
processes. When aerosol radiative feedback was considered, the 24 h
PM2.5 increase was enhanced by 4.8 µg m−3 during
Stage 1, which could be mainly attributed to the
contributions of the vertical mixing process (+22.5 µg m−3),
the advection process (−19.6 µg m−3), and the aerosol chemistry process
(+1.2 µg m−3). The restrained vertical mixing was the primary
reason for the enhancement in the near-surface PM2.5 increase when aerosol
radiative forcing was considered.
Perestroika in the Stacks: Independent Library Associations in Moscow and Leningrad
Authors: Kolar Kelly A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Libraries in the Soviet Union were enlisted in propaganda efforts from the time of the 1917 October Revolution. The introduction of perestroika and glasnost reforms in the mid-1980s shook the decades-long principles of Soviet librarianship. As the party loosened its controls on information and cut funding of libraries, a grassroots movement for reform developed among Soviet librarians. Through the formation of independent library associations (ILAs) librarians sought to reimagine the role of the library in a democratizing society. This article uses the establishment of ILAs in the two largest Soviet cities, Moscow and Leningrad, as a lens through which to examine Russian librarians' responses to changes under perestroika and the resulting growth of professional self-awareness that led to the adoption of new values that continue to influence Russian librarianship.
Behaviour of post-tensioned timber columns under bi-directional seismic loading
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Pampanin Stefano , Palermo Alessandro , Buchanan Andrew H. 
Published: August 2019

Moment-resisting frames made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) in combination with unbonded post-tensioning have recently been proposed for multi-storey timber buildings. Prefabricated and post-tensioned timber frames can be designed to have enhanced re-centering and energy dissipation after seismic loading. The unbonded post-tensioning provides re-centering capacity while energy is dissipated through the addition of special dissipating devices which also act as external reinforcing.
As part of a research program on multi-storey timber structures, this paper describes experimental and analytical studies to investigate the behaviour of post-tensioned LVL columns under uni-and bi-directional seismic loading. The results show excellent seismic performance, characterized by negligible damage of the structural members and small residual deformations, even under the combined effect of loading in two directions. Energy is dissipated mostly through yielding of external mild steel dissipaters connecting the column and the foundation, which can be easily removed and replaced after an earthquake. Since post-tensioning can be economically performed on site, the system can be easily implemented for either column-to-foundation connections in multi-storey timber buildings as well as for pier-to-foundation and/or pier-to-deck connections in timber bridges.
Het concern en het ontslagrecht: de Hoge Raad eist maatwerk
Authors: van Schadewijk M.A.N. 
Published: August 2019

Het concern en het ontslagrecht: de Hoge Raad eist maatwerk
Op 18 januari 2019 liet de Hoge Raad zich uit over de verhouding tussen het Nederlandse grondenstelsel en concernbrede herplaatsingsvereiste enerzijds en het afvloeiingsbeleid van het internationale Shell-concern anderzijds. In deze bijdrage analyseert de auteur de betekenis van de beschikking voor de plaats van het (internationale) concern in het Nederlandse ontslagrecht. Hij concludeert dat de beschikking van de Hoge Raad goed past binnen het systeem van de Ontslagregeling, waarin de wetgever op casuïstische wijze recht probeert te doen aan het concernlidmaatschap van de werkgever. Met die gefragmenteerde benadering is ook het probleem gegeven: zij stoelt niet op een duidelijke visie op het concern en leidt tot rechtsonzekerheid. In dat licht schetst de auteur enige gezichtspunten ten aanzien van de reikwijdte van het concernbrede herplaatsingsvereiste.
Identification and Quantification of Nonviable Lactobacillus pentosus Cells in a Health Food Product
Authors: Liu Na , Zhou Wei , Wang Chune , Ren Xiu , Luo Haipeng , Chen Yiwen , Xie Guandong , Yu Wen , Lu Yong , Cui Shenghui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The lack of formal protocol to verify the nonviable cell probiotic product authenticity blocks its registration and supervision process. Objective: To develop a protocol for identification, enumeration, and purity determination of a Lactobacillus pentosus nonviable cell product. Methods: The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis, whole-genome sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS), and FACSMicroCount™ system were applied to establish a protocol of identification, enumeration and purity determination of a Lactobacillus pentosus nonviable cell product. Results: The 1530 bp of 16S rRNA sequence could only identify the bacteria at genus level, but the MALDI-TOF-MS could identify both the nonviable cell and fresh culture to species level with high confidence. Metagenomic analysis of the 16S rRNA amplicon could recognize Lactobacillus as the dominant genus in the nonviable cell product. The total number of matching k-mers between the nonviable cell product and the L. pentosus BGM48 in the GenBank was the highest. The 95% confidence interval of the nonviable cell concentration in the product was determined as 4.31–4.68 × 1010 cells/g through the BD FACSMicroCount system. Conclusions: This validation protocol offers an executable approach that can verify microbial contents in nonviable cell products and ensure the compliance with label claims. Highlights: The established validation protocol could determine the nonviable cell species through MALDI-TOF-MS, the concentration through FACSMicroCount system, and the purity and strain level identification through metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA and the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid.
Application of Automated Mini–Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup for the Analysis of Pesticides in Complex Spice Matrixes by GC-MS/MS
Authors: Goon Arnab , Shinde Raviraj , Ghosh Bappa , Banerjee Kaushik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Pesticide residues are routinely tested in spices for trade compliance. This results in a huge sample load for food testing laboratories and demands automation in sample preparation. Although there exists a method for the analysis of pesticides in fruits using an automated sample cleanup by mini–solid-phase extraction (mini-SPE) technique, no study is available to date on spices. Objective: This study aims to develop an automated sample cleanup method using mini-SPE technique in a range of spices, including chili powder, turmeric, black pepper, cumin, coriander, and cardamom. Methods: This automated sample preparation workflow involved an X-Y-Z instrument autosampler, and a set of mini-SPE cartridges comprising cleanup sorbents. Spice samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and the extract was put into an autosampler vial for automated mini-SPE cleanup before analysis by GC tandem MS. For an efficient cleanup, three different sorbent compositions were compared along with various automated workflows. Results: For the relatively simple matrixes (e.g., coriander, cumin, and cardamom), the LOQ for the target pesticides was 10 ng/g with acceptable recovery, and precision. The method provided an LOQ of 10 ng/g for around 77% of the compounds in the relatively complex matrixes (e.g., turmeric, chili powder, and black pepper). The remainder of the compounds had satisfactory recoveries at 20 ng/g and higher levels. Conclusions: Given its time effectiveness and efficient analytical performance, this method can be adopted in commercial food testing laboratories for time-bound analysis of a large volume of samples. Highlights: The study describes effectiveness of the automated mini-SPE cleanup in multiresidue analysis of pesticides in a range of spice matrixes. The method facilitates high-throughput residue analysis in compliance with the regulatory requirements of sensitivity and method performance.
Gestión y comunicación de la cultura corporativa en empresas de las industrias creativas. Estudio de caso en el Arco mediterráneo en España
Authors: Rodríguez Monteagudo Eliseo , Olivares Delgado Fernando 
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo aborda el modo de gestionar y comunicar la cultura corporativa por parte de empresas de las industrias creativas presentes en el Arco Mediterráneo en España. Metodología: Se emplea el estudio de quince casos de empresas de las industrias creativas del Arco Mediterráneo en España a través de entrevistas y/o cuestionarios con CEO’s, responsables de RR.HH. y/o Dircoms de dichas empresas. Hallazgos: Los datos tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos obtenidos permiten aportar una visión inédita, actual sobre la gestión y comunicación de la cultura corporativa por parte de las empresas analizadas. Limitaciones de la investigación: los datos y hallazgos hacen referencia a la muestra de estudio y, por lo tanto, no son generalizables a todas las industrias creativas. Aplicabilidad: El estudio reporta una aproximación a las industrias creativas y su gestión en la actual economía creativa. Originalidad: Ante el constante aumento de la importancia de las industrias creativas, este estudio genera datos y una visión práctica sobre la gestión de sus intangibles.
Comparaison entre les étudiants de première et de seconde génération : engagement, rendement et persévérance
Authors: Mayer Denis 
Published: August 2019

Cet article résume une recherche qui compare les étudiants de première et de seconde génération sur des facteurs d’engagement, de rendement et de persévérance en lien avec la langue du programme d’études à l’Université Laurentienne de Sudbury. La recherche a porté sur 514 étudiants en première année d’études inscrits dans des programmes de langues française ou anglaise dont 54 % étaient de la première génération, 91,4 % étaient citoyens canadiens et 83,5 % étaient de la race blanche; les femmes comptaient pour 73 % de l’échantillon.Dans l’enquête, les étudiants de première génération étaient en moyenne plus âgés, en majorité des femmes, ils étaient inscrits à moins de cours et avaient fréquenté dans une plus forte proportion un collège avant d’arriver à l’université. Ils habitaient hors campus en plus grand nombre et, pour eux, l’intention de faire des études au doctorat était plus rare. L’instrumentNSSE2014 a fait voir neuf différences entre les étudiants de première et de seconde génération sur les questions/énoncés d’engagement. Les analyses sur la langue du programme d’études (français/anglais) ont montré des différences significatives pour 24 questions/énoncés. Les étudiants inscrits dans des programmes de langue française avaient un rendement supérieur quant aux crédits réussis. Toutefois, les analyses n’ont montré aucune différence entre les groupes quant à la persévérance dans les études, ce qui a conduit à mettre en doute la variable utilisée à cette fin.Soixante-seize individus ont livré des remarques sur la qualité de leur expérience universitaire et avancé des recommandations pour l’établissement. Les commentaires furent rapportés en neuf catégories, quatre portant sur des aspects scolaires et cinq sur la vie étudiante. En gros, les remarques ont appuyé ou accentué les résultats des analyses quantitatives. La convergence d’opinions entre les groupes témoigne d’une appréciation plutôt comparable sur l’expérience éducative et le choix de l’établissement.Somme toute, l’enquête a montré que la théorie de l’engagement parvient à relever des différences selon le statut de l’étudiant, mais davantage pour la langue du programme d’études, soit le français ou l’anglais. Les étudiants de première et de seconde génération qui étudiaient en français étaient plus engagés que les autres sur un nombre de variables de l’outilNSSE.
Complex Demonstratives
Authors: King Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2019

Since the late 1970s, the orthodox view of complex 'that' phrases (e.g., 'that woman eating a granola bar') has been that they are contextually sensitive devices of direct reference. In Complex Demonstratives, Jeffrey King challenges that orthodoxy, showing that quantificational accounts not only are as effective as direct reference accounts but also handle a wider range of data.
After providing arguments against direct reference accounts of 'that' phrases and developing a quantificational theory of them, King looks at the interaction of 'that' phrases with modal operators, negation, and verbs of propositional attitude. He argues for evidence of scope interaction between 'that' phrases and other scoped elements. King also addresses semantic properties of 'that' and other determiners, and the possibility of extending the semantics of 'that' phrases to 'that' as a syntactically simple demonstrative. Finally, he argues against what he calls ambiguity approaches, theories that hold that the various uses of 'that' phrases cannot be treated by a single semantical theory.
Bradford Books imprint