bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pretreatment‐assisted enzymatic extraction on recovery, physicochemical and rheological properties of oil from Labeo rohita head
Authors: Bruno Siewe Fabrice , Kudre Tanaji G. , Bhaskar N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEffects of pretreatments, namely heating (HT), microwave (MW), and ultrasound (US) followed by the enzymatic extraction on extraction yield, fatty acid profile (FAP), oxidative stability, and rheological properties of oil from Labeo rohita head (LRH) were investigated. MW and US pretreatments showed higher oil recoveries ranged from 68.45 to 69.75% and 58.74 to 67.48%, respectively, as compared to untreated LRH. US pretreatment enhanced the content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid of LRH oil. Furthermore, MW pretreatment reduced the stability of LRH oil, while US pretreatment did not affect the oxidative stability of LRH oil as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and peroxide value, anisidine value, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, and free fatty acid values. Besides, all oils behaved as Newtonian fluids. US extracted oil has shown both the lowest apparent viscosity and sensitivity to temperature change (Ea = 29.74 kJ/mol). Therefore, MW or US‐assisted enzymatic extraction of LRH oil could be a good alternative to conventional enzymatic extraction.Practical applicationsMicrowave (MW) and ultrasound (US) pretreatments improved the extraction yield of oil significantly from Labeo rohita head (fish byproduct) compared to conventional enzymatic extraction. The oil extracted by US pretreatment was found to have a high content in unsaturated fatty acids and higher oxidative stability over enzymatic extracted oil. Thus, the results revealed that the MW or US‐assisted enzymatic extraction was a promising method for the improvement of the extraction yield of Labeo rohita head oil with high quality.
Profile of inspectors and protocols applied to imported food in inspections stations
Authors: Maldonado‐Simán Ema , Martínez‐Hernández Pedro A. , Zaragoza‐Ramírez José L. , Rodríguez‐de Lara Raymundo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo characterize food inspection agents, facilities and protocols in the importation of food, a questionnaire was applied to agents at six Mexico's entry ports, 91 (76%) agents returned complete questionnaires. Data analysis was by χ2. Over 80% of agents had bachelor's degree; 75% with two or less years on the job; 81%, 35 years old or younger; and, 52 to 79% examined other products besides food of animal origin. Over 60% of the agents took more than 20 minutes for document and shipment inspections and 10% run their inspections at temperatures above the recommended for food conservation with 33% of them unaware of the negative consequences in food safety when breaking food cold chain at the inspection process. Six sources of food cold chain break while under inspection were identified. Agents require further training on maintenance and importance of food cold chain and protocols should be improved.Practical applicationsThe core of this study is to provide a discussion of the profile of Mexican food inspectors, facilities, and implementation of inspection protocols related to the maintenance of the food cold chain, to define a baseline upon which the need of training on specific strategies of shipment handling to keep food safety and quality.
Factors Influencing Emergency Care by Persons With Dementia: Stakeholder Perceptions and Unmet Needs
Authors: Jacobsohn Gwen Costa , Hollander Matthew , Beck Aaron P. , Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Werner Nicole , Shah Manish N. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESPeople with dementia (PwD) frequently use emergency care services. To mitigate the disproportionately high rate of emergency care use by PwD, an understanding of contributing factors driving reliance on emergency care services and identification of feasible alternatives are needed. This study aimed to identify clinician, caregiver, and service providers' views and experiences of unmet needs leading to emergency care use among community‐dwelling PwD and alternative ways of addressing these needs.DESIGNQualitative, employing semistructured interviews with clinicians, informal caregivers, and aging service providers.SETTINGWisconsin, United States.PARTICIPANTSInformal caregivers of PwD (n = 4), emergency medicine physicians (n = 4), primary care physicians (n = 5), geriatric healthcare providers (n = 5), aging service providers (n = 6), and community paramedics (n = 3).MEASUREMENTSDemographic characteristics of participants and data from semistructured interviews.FINDINGSFour major themes were identified from interviews: (1) system fragmentation influences emergency care use by PwD, (2) informational, decision‐making, and social support needs influence emergency care use by PwD, (3) emergency departments (EDs) are not designed to optimally address PwD and caregiver needs, and (4) options to prevent and address emergency care needs of PwD.CONCLUSIONParticipants identified numerous system and individual‐level unmet needs and offered many recommendations to prevent or improve ED use by PwD. These novel findings, aggregating the perspectives of multiple dementia‐care stakeholder groups, serve as the first step to developing interventions that prevent the need for emergency care or deliver tailored emergency care services to this vulnerable population through new approaches. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:711–718, 2019.
Parental experience of counselling about food and feeding practices at the child health centre: A qualitative study
Authors: Holmberg Fagerlund Bettina , Helseth Sølvi , Glavin Kari 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate how parents experience counselling about food and feeding practices and the use of a communication tool about diet at the child health centre.BackgroundFood‐related counselling is a key element in parents’ consultations with public health nurses at child health centres. Public health nurses possess limited strategies and tools for addressing nutritional issues, especially in the context of client diversity.DesignAn interpretive description approach, fulfilling the COREQ checklist criteria.MethodsIndividual interviews performed between January 2017–May 2017 among parents (n = 12) of children (mean age 28 months) who had been exposed to a communication tool about diet, in regular child health centre consultations with their child. These consultations were included in clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov.: Identifier: NCT02266953).ResultsCounselling using the communication tool about diet was primarily based on the public health nurse presenting images of healthy food choices. After infancy, consultations sometimes became more time‐pressured, inhibiting parents from asking questions related to the child's diet. The parents who had questions related to food allergy or breastfeeding of their child sometimes experienced limited support. Some parents felt overwhelmed with information about healthy food choices if their child's diet differed from the recommendations presented.ConclusionsThe parents’ existing expectations and needs had an impact on their satisfaction in relation to their perceptions of nutritional counselling. The use of the communication tool about diet to promote a two‐way dialogue instead of providing one‐way dietary information might be particularly useful in consultations for parents who do not follow customary recommendations.Relevance to clinical practiceIf the diet of the family differs from what is recommended, parents often experience limited support at the child health centre. Promoting a two‐way dialogue in consultations using a communication tool about diet could help parents in their concerns related to feeding their child.
Mid‐trimester glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) and its correlation with oral glucose tolerance test (World Health Organization 1999)
Authors: Dubey Devanshi , Kunwar Shipra , Gupta Uma 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to assess the role of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to compare its efficacy with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (World Health Organization [WHO]) screening criteria.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed on a total of 260 women attending antenatal outpatient department of our hospital at 24–28 weeks of gestation. All women underwent 75‐g OGTT testing, and WHO 1999 criteria was used for diagnosis of GDM. Also, a HbA1c test was performed for the same women.ResultsPrevalence of GDM was found to be 19.6% by OGTT. Mean HbA1c values in GDM was significantly higher than non‐GDM. HbA1c correlated well with both fasting and 2 h postprandial levels but there was better correlation with 2‐h postprandial level.ConclusionThe incidence of gestational diabetes is rising in South‐East Asian countries, especially in India. HBA1c could be a potential screening test for GDM.
A conceptual time window‐based model for the early stratification of trauma patients
Authors: Lamparello A. J. , Namas R. A. , Constantine G. , McKinley T. O. , Elster E. , Vodovotz Y. , Billiar T. R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProgress in the testing of therapies targeting the immune response following trauma, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, has been slow. We propose that the design of interventional trials in trauma would benefit from a scheme or platform that could support the identification and implementation of prognostic strategies for patient stratification. Here, we propose a stratification scheme based on defined time periods or windows following the traumatic event. This ‘time‐window’ model allows for the incorporation of prognostic variables ranging from circulating biomarkers and clinical data to patient‐specific information such as gene variants to predict adverse short‐ or long‐term outcomes. A number of circulating biomarkers, including cell injury markers and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and inflammatory mediators have been shown to correlate with adverse outcomes after trauma. Likewise, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associate with complications or death in trauma patients. This review summarizes the status of our understanding of the prognostic value of these classes of variables in predicting outcomes in trauma patients. Strategies for the incorporation of these prognostic variables into schemes designed to stratify trauma patients, such as our time‐window model, are also discussed.
Examining why employee proactive personality influences empowering leadership: The roles of cognition‐ and affect‐based trust
Authors: Han Soojung , Harold Crystal M. , Cheong Minyoung 
Published: January 2019

We integrate followership theory and trust theory to understand the role of employees' proactivity on their leaders' attitudes, cognitions, and behaviours. We propose that (1) employees' proactive personality engenders their leaders' cognition‐ and affect‐based trust, which in turn positively influences empowering leadership; (2) the indirect effects of proactive personality on empowering leadership via cognition‐ and affect‐based trust are contingent on the level of employee task performance and organizational citizenship behaviour, respectively; and (3) the indirect effect of proactive personality on empowering leadership via affect‐ (cognition‐) based trust is stronger when the level of cognition‐ (affect‐) based trust is high rather than low. We conducted two‐wave study, with a sample of 116 supervisor–employee dyads from a large petrochemical firm in South Korea to test proposed effects. Results suggest that leaders' affect‐based trust, but not cognition‐based trust, served to mediate the effect of proactive personality on empowering leadership. Moreover, the results further support that the positive mediation of leaders' affect‐based trust on empowering leadership was present when leaders' cognition‐based trust was high, but not when it was low. Implications for future research are discussed.Practitioner points

Leaders report a greater level of trust in employees with a more proactive personality.

Leaders are more likely to empower employees in whom they have higher levels of both affect‐based and cognition‐based trust; in other words, employees who they like more and believe to be more competent.

To help promote empowering, organizations might consider selecting on the basis of proactive personality and fostering a culture that promotes employee proactivity.
Biological and molecular effects of bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) inhibitors JQ1, IBET‐151, and IBET‐762 in OSCC cells
Authors: Baldan Federica , Allegri Lorenzo , Lazarevic Milos , Mio Catia , Milosevic Maja , Damante Giuseppe , Milasin Jelena 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDespite improvements in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) management, survival rates remain relatively low and novel anti‐neoplastic agents are needed. Bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) inhibitors proved to be promising agents for cancer treatment. We investigated the effects of three BET inhibitors (JQ1, IBET‐151, IBET‐762) on SCC‐25 cell line and primary oral cancer cell culture.MethodsCell viability was evaluated by MTT. Protein levels of MCM5 and cleaved‐PARP were estimated by Western blot. Clonogenic and migratory abilities were determined by colony forming and scratch assays. BET inhibitors effects on mRNA levels of E‐Cadherin, Vimentin, SNAI1, SNAI2, CLU, SERPINI1, MCM5, c‐Myc, E2F, IL7R, and PPARg were analyzed by qPCR.ResultsBET inhibitors significantly reduced oral cancer cell viability. JQ1 showed the greatest effect reducing cell viability to 10%, both in SCC‐25 and primary OSCC cultures (P < 0.001), compared to control cells. Cells treated with BET inhibitors displayed a reduction to 50% in colony forming capacity compared to control cells (P < 0.0001) and the colonies were smaller; they also had a 50%‐60% reduction in migratory capacity (P < 0.05) compared to untreated cells. BET inhibitors had a significant impact on genes related to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and other cancer cell markers, notably on MCM5, a gene related to cell cycle control.ConclusionsBET inhibitors induce both OSCC cell death and reduction of tumor aggressiveness. Molecular mechanisms of BET inhibition involve among others, MCM5 downregulation. Importantly, this study demonstrates for the first time the anti‐tumoral effect of IBET‐151 and IBET‐762 in oral cancer.
Owners' perception of their dogs' quality of life during and after radiotherapy for cancer
Authors: Serras A. R. , Berlato D. , Murphy S. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the owners’ perception of dogs' quality of life before, immediately after and 6 weeks after radiotherapy treatments for a variety of neoplasms and assess owner satisfaction over their decision to treat.Materials and MethodsQuestionnaires were given to owners whose dogs completed a radiotherapy treatment at a referral radiation oncology centre. Questionnaires were given at three time points: before treatment, on the last day of treatment and more than 6 weeks after the treatment was finished. Owners were asked questions regarding their perception of radiotherapy and the quality of life of their pets before, during and after treatment with radiation therapy. Quality of life was scored from 1 (could not be worse) to 10 (could not be better).ResultsSeventy‐one owners met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed that 6 weeks or more after treatment, most owners were happy that they had chosen to treat their dogs (92%) and would treat another pet again, if indicated (88%). Across the three time points, median quality of life perception score was 9.Clinical SignificanceRadiotherapy was well tolerated by owners and dogs in this study. The great majority of clients were happy to have pursued radiotherapy, would choose to do it again (if indicated) and would recommend it to a friend.
Early steep decline of liver stiffness predicts histological reversal of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir
Authors: Kong Yuanyuan , Sun Yameng , Zhou Jialing , Wu Xiaoning , Chen Yongpeng , Piao Hongxin , Lu Lungen , Ding Huiguo , Nan Yuemin , Jiang Wei , Xu Youqing , Xie Wen , Li Hanwei , Feng Bo , Shi Guangfeng , Chen Guofeng , Li Hai , Zheng Huanwei , Cheng Jilin , Wang Tailing , Liu Hui , Lv Fudong , Shao Chen , Mao Yimin , Sun Jihong , Chen Tao , Han Tao , Han Ying , Wang Lin , Ou Xiaojuan , Zhang Hui , Jia Jidong , You Hong 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIt is unknown whether dynamic changes of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) can predict the reversibility of fibrosis. Therefore, we evaluated the utility of LSM changes in predicting histological changes of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on antiviral therapy. In a prospective cohort of CHB patients treated with entecavir, virological measurement and biochemical measurement along with LSM were measured at baseline and every 6 months. Liver biopsies were conducted at baseline and month 18 of treatment. Fibrosis regression was defined by the following two criteria: (a) Ishak score decrease ≥1 stage, (b) Ishak score decrease ≥1 stage or predominantly regressive by post‐treatment PIR classification. The dynamic changes of LSM and its predictive value for histological reversibility were evaluated with piecewise linear mixed‐effects model and ROC analysis. We found that at month 18 of antiviral therapy, liver fibrosis was reserved in 86 of 212 (40.6%) CHB patients by Ishak reversal criterion. Overall, a decline in LSM was associated with attenuation of Ishak score. The rate of LSM decline in the first 6 months was significantly faster in patients with fibrosis reversal (ΔLSM%Ishak = −2.19%/month, P = 0.0025; ΔLSM%Ishak/PIR = −2.56%/month, P = 0.0004). The predictive model based on baseline FIB‐4 and Ishak score as well as baseline LSM, PLT, albumin and their changes during the first 6 months could predict histological reversal (AUROCIshak = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67‐0.80; AUROCIshak/PIR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74‐0.87). We conclude that in CHB patients, changes in LSM during the first 6 months of entecavir therapy can predict histological reversibility of liver fibrosis at month 18 of antiviral therapy.
Differential modes of crosslinking establish spatially distinct regions of peptidoglycan in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Stankeviciute Gabriele , Miguel Amanda V. , Radkov Atanas , Chou Seemay , Huang Kerwyn Casey , Klein Eric A. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe diversity of cell shapes across the bacterial kingdom reflects evolutionary pressures that have produced physiologically important morphologies. While efforts have been made to understand the regulation of some prototypical cell morphologies such as that of rod‐shaped Escherichia coli, little is known about most cell shapes. For Caulobacter crescentus, polar stalk synthesis is tied to its dimorphic life cycle, and stalk elongation is regulated by phosphate availability. Based on the previous observation that C. crescentus stalks are lysozyme‐resistant, we compared the composition of the peptidoglycan cell wall of stalks and cell bodies and identified key differences in peptidoglycan crosslinking. Cell body peptidoglycan contained primarily DD‐crosslinks between meso‐diaminopimelic acid and D‐alanine residues, whereas stalk peptidoglycan had more LD‐transpeptidation (meso‐diaminopimelic acid‐meso‐diaminopimelic acid), mediated by LdtD. We determined that ldtD is dispensable for stalk elongation; rather, stalk LD‐transpeptidation reflects an aging process associated with low peptidoglycan turnover in the stalk. We also found that lysozyme resistance is a structural consequence of LD‐crosslinking. Despite no obvious selection pressure for LD‐crosslinking or lysozyme resistance in C. crescentus, the correlation between these two properties was maintained in other organisms, suggesting that DAP‐DAP crosslinking may be a general mechanism for regulating bacterial sensitivity to lysozyme.
The INFORMAS healthy food environment policy index (Food‐EPI) in Mexico: An assessment of implementation gaps and priority recommendations
Authors: Nieto Claudia , Rodríguez Estefania , Sánchez‐Bazán Karina , Tolentino‐Mayo Lizbeth , Carriedo‐Lutzenkirchen Angela , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Barquera Simón 
Published: January 2019

SummaryMexico is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of obesity and recently declared a national epidemic of diabetes. Healthy food environments have the potential to improve the diet of the population and decrease the burden of disease. The aim of the study was to assess the efforts of the Mexican Government towards creating healthier food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food‐EPI). The tool was developed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/Non‐communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). Then, it was adapted to the Latin‐American context and assessed the components of policy and infrastructure support. Actors from academia, civil society, government, and food industry assessed the level of implementation of food policies compared with international best practices. Actors were classified as (1) independents from academia and civil society (n = 36), (2) government (n = 28), and (3) industry (n = 6). The indicators with the highest percentage of implementation were those related to monitoring and intelligence. Those related to food retail were rated lowest. When stratified by type of actor, the government officials rated several indicators at a higher percentage of implementation compared with independent actors. None of the indicators were rated at high implementation. Government officials and independent actors agreed upon nine priority actions to improve the food environment in Mexico. These actions have the potential to improve government commitment and advocacy efforts to create healthier food environments.
Comparison of low‐fresh gas flow technique to standard technique of sevoflurane induction in children—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Singh Ajay , Sinha Renu , Aravindan Ajisha , Kumar Kanil Ranjith , Datta Priyankar Kumar 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundAlthough sevoflurane is preferred for inhalational induction in children, financial and environmental costs remain major limitations. The aim of this study was to determine if the use of low‐fresh gas flow during inhalational induction with sevoflurane could significantly reduce agent consumption, without adversely affecting induction conditions.MethodsAfter institutional ethical committee approval, 50 children, aged 1‐5 years, undergoing ophthalmic procedures under general anesthesia, were randomized into two groups—standard induction (Group S) and low‐flow induction (Group L). A pediatric circle system with 1 L reservoir bag was primed with 8% sevoflurane in oxygen at 6 L min−1 for 30 seconds before beginning induction. In Group S, fresh gas flow was maintained at 6 L min−1 until the end of induction. In Group L, fresh gas flow was reduced to 1 L min−1 after applying facemask (time = T0). In both groups, sevoflurane was reduced to 5% after loss of eyelash reflex (T1). Once adequate depth of anesthesia was achieved (regular respiration, loss of muscle tone, and absence of movement to trapezius squeeze), intravenous access was secured (T2), followed by insertion of an appropriately sized LMA‐Classic™ (T3). Heart rate and endtidal sevoflurane concentration were measured at each of the above time points, and at 15 seconds following laryngeal mask airway insertion (T4). The total amount of sevoflurane consumed during induction was recorded.ResultsSevoflurane consumption was significantly lower in Group L (4.17 ± 0.70 mL) compared to Group S (8.96 ± 1.11 mL) (mean difference 4.79 [95% CI = 4.25‐5.33] mL; P < 0.001). Time to successful laryngeal mask airway insertion was similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in heart rate, incidence of reflex tachycardia, or need for rescue propofol.ConclusionInduction of anesthesia with sevoflurane using low‐fresh gas flow is effective in reducing sevoflurane consumption, without compromising induction time and conditions.