bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model of preform deflected mode in the process of secondary polymer materials coextrusion processing
Authors: Dyadichev A V , Dyadichev V V , Kolesnikov A V , Menyuk S G , Dyadicheva E A , Ye Chornobay S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper analyzes the topicality of secondary polymer materials usage in new products. It considers the main stages of secondary polymers processing. Three main groups of recycling processes are singled out, i.e. preparatory, shape-generating, and auxiliary. The paper highlights special perspectives of the coextrusion with further blowing technology usage. The calculation of multilayer preform adhesion for different loading conditions is done. The paper researches the deflected mode in the process of blowing the preform, consisting of three layers; two outside layers consist of primary polymer, and the inside layer is the polymer received during the recycling. While modelling the material of each preform layer, a viscous-elastic model of the material is used; this model allows identifying the deflected mode within each layer and between the layers, taking into account the change of polymer viscosity in the nonuniform cooling conditions. The dependencies of deformation rate intensity on blowing pressure for each of three layers of a multilayer product are calculated.
Technology of manufacturing powder from aluminium chips
Authors: Dyadichev V V , Ryabicheva L A , Dyadichev A V , Menyuk S G , Dyadicheva E A , Ye Chornobay S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper studies two technologies of manufacturing powder from aluminium chips of A7E brand. It presents the research results of physico-technological properties of the manufactured powders with different fractures. The dependencies of apparent density and tap density on the fraction size are identified. The influence of annealing on the compression rate is revealed. The most effective technology of manufacturing aluminium powder with high technological properties is identified. Aluminium powder, manufactured according to the proposed technology, is recommended for application in manufacturing constructional parts.
Effect of gas-phase processes in argon-helium-silane plasma on amorphous-nanocrystalline transition in thin films of a-Si:H
Authors: Lyakhov A A , Strunin V I , Zh Khudaibergenov G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of solar cell elements on the basis of thin films of amorphous-nanocrystalline silicon, by incorporating silicon nanocrystals (SiNPs) into a film of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). As a result of performing the works, a two-dimensional model of the chemical composition of plasma Ar + He/SiH4 is proposed on the basis of the system of balanced transport equations for 24 components in the discharge chamber of cylindrical geometry. It is shown that the model reasonably describes the kinetics of the chemical reactions In the PECVD reactor. Based on the calculation according to the proposed model, the densities of the main particles in the helium-argon-silane plasma of the radio-frequency capacitive (RF)-discharge are determined. It has been shown that the addition of helium to the silane plasma causes an increase in the concentration of atomic silicon. Optimal concentration of helium in the mixture is set, and a mechanism for forming silicon nanocrystals is proposed.
The effect of ultrasonic activation on the formation of polytetrafluoroethylene modified by detonation nanodiamonds
Authors: Negrov D A , Eremin E N , Korusenko P M , Yu Putintsev V , Nesov S N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the influence of low-frequency ultrasonic vibrations on the structure and tribological properties of the synthesized polymer composite material based on polytetrafluoroethylene, modified by detonation nanodiamonds. As a result of researches it is established that the effect of low frequency ultrasonic vibrations and entered a modifier of detonating nanodiamonds leads to changes the supramolecular structure of the polymer composite, expressed in the increasing the blocks size and degree of crystallinity. Studies of the elemental composition and chemical state of the atoms indicate the improvement of the composite structure, which has a better structure and contains no defects as a C-H, C-C and C-CFn ties and contains mainly of the –CF2 and –CF3 chemical bonders. Detonation nanodiamonds are introduced in the process of forming material, prevent the formation of unwanted C-H, C-C due to the absorption of excess carbon, whereby the surface of the composite material has a more perfect structure. Low frequency ultrasonic vibrations lead to the improvement of wear resistance by 13.6% and to reduce the coefficient of sliding friction is 15% of the studied composite material.
The effect of thermal cycling on the properties of VO2±Y materials
Authors: Semenyuk N A , Surikov Vad I , Kuznetsova Y V , Surikov Val I , Volkova V K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article presents the research results of the thermal cycling influence on the ratio of the ultimate composition, chemical state and electrical resistance of VO2±Y system materials. It is established that for all VO2±Y system materials a phase transition semiconductor-metal (PTSM) is observed at temperature of ∼ 340 K, accompanied by a sharp change in electrical resistance both before and after thermal cycling. Despite the fact that PTMD retained after thermal cycling, the resistivity jump Δln(R/R0) at PTMD for all test materials decreases, the transition temperature becomes more diffused. It is shown that after a series of 30 thermal cycles, the ratio of the surface ultimate composition of all the materials under study changes to a decrease in the oxygen content. Minimal changes in properties as a result of thermal cycling are observed in vanadium dioxide of stoichiometric composition. According to the results of XPS spectra, it was determined that V4+ oxide predominates in the surface layer of VO2 samples, both before and after thermal cycling, and there are also small inclusions of V5+ oxide.
Problems equilibration of aggregates on the basis of slow moving stages
Authors: Yusha V L , Busarov S S , Nedovenchany A V , Busarov I S , Kobylski R E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study of new design solutions in the field of reciprocating compressor units led to the creation of units based on low-speed long-stroke compression stages. Regime and design parameters of such units, along with the use of linear drives do not allow to use a flywheel as a means of reducing fluctuations in the load on the drive mechanism. A number of schemes for such units has been proposed, the most successful of which is a design with two pistons moving towards each other. This design allows us to fully balance the unit. In addition, this design has a number of additional advantages, such as increased service life and improved performance of the workflow.
Simulate, evaluate the temperature performance of TEG when changing the height and angle of inclined plates
Authors: Hoang T H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Thermoelectric generators (TEG) have attracted considerable attention for the recovery of waste heat of internal combustion engines. In this study, a three-dimensional digital model for engine-based emission generator (ETEG) was developed based on Ansys Fluent simulation platform. By considering the detailed shape of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) and the thermal zones, along with the change in height and angle of the inclined plate. From the various changes studied and the design, optimization proposal was made. It was found that the inclined plate size should be moderate to balance the heat transfer for the TEG modules and reduce the pressure along the inclined plates. Increasing the number of inclined plates can improve thermal efficiency. However, because more space and TEG modules are needed, system size and cost should also be considered. Although it is only possible to place the slant plates at the inlet of the slant plate, it is possible to increase the heat transfer coefficient for the entire TEG hot surface. To ensure efficient use of hot emissions, the angle of inclined plates should be large enough, especially for downstream locations. Since larger inclined angle angles significantly increase the pressure drop, it is suggested that the angle of inclined plates change, with the angle increasing along the flow direction, possibly as a middle lock to balance the heat transfer and pressure drop. A single TEG design may not be suitable for all engine operating conditions and adjusting the number of inclined plates and inclined corners according to different engine operating conditions can improve performance.
Solution of the task of planar geometric optics with a non-stationary source
Authors: Lyubchinov E V , Panchuk K L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the present paper a geometric model of acquisition of receiver curve in the tasks of planar geometric optics with a non-stationary emitter is proposed. The model is based on cyclographic mapping of Euclidean space on a plane and significantly differs in terms of simplicity from the existing mathematical models applied in solution of similar tasks. Furthermore, the proposed model differs in applying uniform solution algorithms for direct and inverse planar geometric optics tasks. The variety of such tasks is dictated by variety of geometric forms of the sought element of the triad “emitter-reflector-receiver” as well as the initial conditions, where a single element of the triad is unknown and sought. The results of the present paper can find application in the area of metrology for optical profile control of machined cylindrical workpieces constituting reflector of the triad.
Designing optimal structure of road construction machines kits
Authors: Permyakov V B , Salikhov R F , Musagitova G N , Yu Levin N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article presents modernized mathematical model for optimizing the structure of road sets of machines, taking into account the technical and organizational downtimes of mechanization facilities employed in technological construction processes. In the process of operation, technical downtimes are caused by the wear of parts, assemblies and units of transport and technological machines, the removal of which takes more time each year. This circumstance causes an adequate decrease in the annual output of the mechanization facilities. The organizational kind of downtimes is caused by internal and external factors. The internal factors lead to the under-exploitation of the potential capabilities of individual pieces of the equipment of the kit. External factors are characterized by late supply of construction materials, caused by the irregularity of their production and delivery. Dependencies between productivity and the operating period of transport-technological machines, obtained using this mathematical model, will allow determining the real time of work, the output of machines, taking into account their age.
Minimizing resource cost in project scheduling problem with accumulative resources
Authors: Romanova A A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We consider the project scheduling problem with accumulative resources and criterion of resource cost minimization. The purchase cost of a resource depends on its amount per time period. If the amount of the resource exceeds a certain level a new higher price is set. For unlimited storage, when any amount of each resource can be stored, we show the polynomial solvability of the problem. For limited storage, the problem is proved to be strongly NP-hard. Integer linear programming model and dynamic programming algorithm are also proposed.
Structures of the Pareto set and their reduction in bicriteria discrete problems
Authors: Zakharov A O , Kovalenko Y V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We investigate discrete bicriteria problems and apply to them the axiomatic approach of the Pareto set reduction proposed by V. Noghin. Values of “quantum of information” parameter are identified, that guarantee the reduction of the Pareto set with special structures. We analyze the families of the bicriteria set covering instances in the scope of the Pareto set reduction.
Effect of Design Parameters on the Sensitivity of a Thermal Microaccelerometer with Inertial Mass
Authors: Kozlov A G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An analytical method is presented that allows one to determine the influence of the design parameters of a thermal microaccelerometer with inertial mass on its output signal. In the thermal microaccelerometer, a two-dimensional domain of modeling is marked out, in which the main thermal processes take place. This domain is replaced by the equivalent rectangular one, divided into a number of regions with uniform parameters. The temperature distribution in the regions is determined by the Fourier method. The parameters characterizing the processes of heat transfer between the regions are found from the conjugation conditions. Using the proposed method, the dependencies of the output voltage on the design parameters of the microaccelerometer (the gap between the element with inertial mass and the thermally isolated structure, the thickness of the thermally isolated structure, the length of the thermally insulated structure occupied by the battery of film thermocouples, the thermal conductivity of the air in the gap) and the sensitivities of the voltage to change of these parameters are determined.
Some dynamic features of ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Levi M O , Kalinchuk V V , Shirokov V B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The dynamic problem of the surface acoustic wave propagation in a thin-film structure is investigated. The propagation of plane waves in the film-substrate structure is considered. Thin film is made of barium titanate oxide, and solid substrate is made of magnesium oxide. Ferroelectric film is subjected to misfit strain because of the deposition. Assumed that the solid substrate retains its properties due to the large difference in the hardness of the materials. Built Green function, obtained phase velocities and electromechanical coupling coefficients in the C-phase of BaTiO3. The present investigation is of practical interest for developing high-frequencies smart ferroelectric devices for engineering applications.
Study of the effect of substrate holder temperature on the etching rate of monocrystalline silicon carbide
Authors: Osipov A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper touches upon the features of thermal stimulated plasma chemical etching (PCE) 6H-SiC in fluorine-containing inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in the temperature range from 50 °C to 300 °C. It was found that the etching rate of silicon carbide increases linearly from 0.9 µm/min to 1.3 µm / min with an increase in the temperature of the substrate holder from 50 °C to 150 °C, and further temperature increase to 300 °C does not contribute to an increase in the etching rate of SiC. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, the physicochemical regularities of plasma chemical etching of silicon carbide at elevated values of the substrate temperature were determined.
Embodied emissions in rail infrastructure: a critical literature review
Authors: Olugbenga Olubanjo , Kalyviotis Nikolaos , Saxe Shoshanna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the state of knowledge in quantifying the embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rail infrastructure and develops a sketch model for estimating the GHG impact of rail infrastructure based on the literature. A literature review identified 22 publications, containing 57 case studies, at least touching on the embodied GHG for different types of rail infrastructure. The cases studies include high speed rail, intercity rail, light rail, commuter rail, heavy rail, freight, and metro rail. The paper examines the GHG impact per kilometre of rail infrastructure reported across the case studies and compares the boundaries, functional units, methods, and data used. Most studies employed process-based LCA for an attributional analysis. The embodied emissions associated with the case studies range from 0.5 to 12 700 tCO2 km−1; much of the variation is dependent on the proportion of the rail line at-grade, elevated, or in a tunnel. However, large ranges in GHG per kilometre remain after controlling for elevated and tunneled distance. Comparing the embodied emissions across the rail types was challenging, due to the large variations in system boundaries, study goals, and inventory methods adopted in the publications. This review highlights the need for standardization across the reporting of embodied GHG for rail infrastructure to better facilitate hot spot detection, engineering design and GHG policy decision making. The statistical model finds that overall ∼941(±168) tCO2e are embodied per kilometre of rail at-grade, and tunneling has 27 (±5) times more embodied GHG per kilometre than at-grade construction. The statistical model is based on the findings of published literature and does not explicitly consider function, geometry, specifications, emphasis on whole lifecycle, legislative constraints, socio-economic factors, or the physical and environmental conditions of the construction site.
Perceptions of emerging biotechnologies
Authors: Azodi Christina B , Dietz Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Research on public views of biotechnology has centered on genetically modified (GM) foods. However, as the breadth of biotechnology applications grows, a better understanding of public concerns about non-agricultural biotechnology products is needed in order to develop proactive strategies to address these concerns. Here, we explore the perceived benefits and risks associated with five biotechnology products and how those perceptions translate into public opinion about the use and regulation of biotechnology in the United States. While we found greater support for non-agricultural biotechnology product, 70% of individuals surveyed showed no or little variation in their support across the products, indicating opinions about early GM products may be influencing the acceptance of emerging biotechnologies. We identified five common patterns of opinions about biotechnology and used machine learning models to integrate a wide range of factors and predict a respondent’s opinion group. While the model was particularly good at identifying individuals supportive of biotechnology, differentiating between individuals from the non- and conditionally-supportive opinion groups was more challenging, emphasizing the complexity of public opinions of emerging biotechnology products.
A dynamic climate finance allocation mechanism reflecting the Paris Agreement
Authors: Egli Florian , Stünzi Anna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Reaching the goal of the Paris Agreement requires substantial investment. The developed country parties have agreed to provide USD$100 billion in climate finance annually from 2020 to 2025. Ongoing negotiations on post-2025 commitments are likely to exceed that sum and include a broader scope of parties. However, there is no guidance regarding the allocation of contributions. Here, we develop a dynamic mechanism based on two conventional pillars of a burden sharing mechanism: emission responsibility and ability to pay. The mechanism adds dynamic components that reflect the Paris principle to ‘ratchet-up’ ambition; it rewards countries with ambitious mitigation targets and relieves countries with a high degree of climate vulnerability. Including developed country parties only, we find that ten countries should bear 85% of climate finance contributions (65% if all parties to the Paris Agreement are included). In both scopes, increasing climate ambition is rewarded. If the EU increased its emission reduction target from 40% to 55% by 2030, member states could reduce their climate finance contributions by up to 3.3%. The proposed mechanism allows for an inclusion of sub-, supra- or non-state actors. For example, we find a contribution of USD$3.3 billion annually for conventionally excluded emissions from international aviation and shipping.
Evidence map of crop diversification strategies at the global scale
Authors: Beillouin Damien , Ben-Ari Tamara , Makowski David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The diversification of cropping systems encompasses different strategies that may help maintain or enhance the sustainability of agriculture. Thousands of experiments have been carried out around the world since almost five decades to evaluate and compare the performances of various diversification strategies in a wide array of agroecosystems and climates. Although these analyses have been synthesized in a growing number of meta-analyses, the information remains somewhat fragmented. A multicriteria systematic synthesis of worldwide agricultural diversification is still lacking. Here, we review all meta-analyses conducted on crop diversification strategies and produce a detailed overview of their results and of their quality. We identified and analyzed 99 meta-analyses summarizing the results of more than 3700 agronomic experiments on seven crop diversification strategies. Among these strategies, rotation and associated plant species are dominant in the literature followed by intercropping, agroforestry and landscape heterogeneity. Our analysis reveals that rotation and intercropping are associated with yield increases. Agroforestry systematically induces an improvement of biodiversity and soil quality—in particular soil organic carbon. We show that, regardless of the context, a combination of several diversification strategies outperforms any individual strategy. Our review reveals that a significant knowledge gap remains, in particular regarding water use, farmers’ profitability, product quality and production stability. Few meta-analyses investigate the performance of landscape heterogeneity and of systems with species other than cereals and pulses. Additionally, we show that most of the meta-analyses studied cannot be considered fully transparent and reproducible. Their conclusions should therefore be interpreted with caution. Our systematic mapping provides a benchmark to guide and improve the relevance and reliability of future meta-analyses in agronomy.
Defect properties of vanadium doped barium titanate ceramics
Authors: Böttcher R , Langhammer H T , Walther T , Syrowatka F , Ebbinghaus S G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) powder spectra (9 and 34 GHz) and the magnetic susceptibility of BaTiO3 + 0.04 BaO + 0.01 V2O5 ceramics were studied to investigate the valence states of V ions and their solubility in the BaTiO3 lattice. In samples sintered at 1400 °C in air, only about 0.1 mol% V is incorporated in the BaTiO3 lattice being in V4+ and V5+ valence state, respectively. 95% of the nominal V dopant content occurs in the secondary phase Ba3(V/Ti)2O8. All BaTiO3 samples investigated are in tetragonal phase at room temperature. In the as-sintered samples V4+ is detected at temperatures T < 20 K by its hyperfine structure (HFS) octet due to the nuclear spin 7/2 of 51V. Samples post-annealed in H2/Ar atmosphere at 1200 °C exhibit a further HFS octet occurring at T > 25 K and vanishing at T > 250 K, which is caused by V2+ ions. This spectrum is characterized by a simultaneous HFS and fine structure splitting constituted by allowed and forbidden transitions. Both V4+ and V2+ ions are incorporated at Ti4+ sites of the BaTiO3 lattice.