bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SETI at FAST in China
Authors: Zhang Tong-Jie , Huang Bo-Lun , Li Jian-Kang , Tao Zhen-Zhao , Luan Xiao-Hang , Zhang Zhi-Song , Wang Yu-Chen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the commencement of the first SETI observation in 2019, China’s Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence program has garnered momentum through domestic support and international collaborations. Several observations targeting exoplanets and nearby stars have been conducted with the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST). In 2023 the introduction of the Far Neighbour Project (FNP) marked a substantial leap forward, driven by the remarkable sensitivity of the FAST telescope and some of the novel observational techniques. The FNP seeks to methodically detect technosignatures from celestial bodies, including nearby stars, exoplanetary systems, Milky Way globular clusters and more. This paper provides an overview of the progress achieved by SETI in China and offers insights into the distinct phases comprising the FNP. Additionally it underscores the significance of this project’s advancement and its potential contributions to the field.
Welt: The concept that changed physics
Authors: Rodriguez Maria J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper explores a pivotal moment in history when the integration of space and time took place within a unified theoretical framework. The spacetime unification was embodied by the notion of Welt, the German term for world, originating during the period spanning 1907 to 1909 in between the publications on special and general relativity. Emphasis will be placed on elucidating the significance of a connected spacetime and providing a contextual backdrop to key historical advancements. While the conventional narrative often attributes the development of these concepts to a select group of renowned physicists, such as Albert Einstein and David Hilbert, it is essential to recognise the substantial involvement of numerous scientists and mathematicians. Their collective contributions, although sometimes overlooked, laid the foundation for the groundbreaking papers on relativity penned by Albert Einstein. In shedding light on this collaborative effort, the paper aims to underscore the intricate set of ideas that paved the way for Einstein’s seminal work. Furthermore, this paper also hints at the contemporary relevance of spacetime in ongoing research, highlighting its enduring importance in the scientific landscape.
From rays to waves and beyond: Light propagation in historical perspective
Authors: Borrelli Arianna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper sketches selected episodes from the history of research about the nature of light in the nineteenth and twentieth century. It begins with the discovery of “invisible rays from the Sun” and ends with the advent of the so-called wave-particle duality. In doing so the paper asks how far the question of the nature of light after many years of discussions and discoveries may be regarded as answered or not.
A brief history of the speed of light
Authors: Maraston Claudia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with the historical development of the ideas and experiments that culminated in our current interpretation of the speed of light as a constant of nature and a natural upper limit. Starting from the ancient Greeks up to our current epoch it will review the main signposts of this journey. The paper will finally discuss links to astrophysics and cosmology, and will comment on the dark sectors, dark matter and dark energy, that do not interact with light.
Paradigms in the eye of the beholder: Aristotle, Ptolemy and Copernicus
Authors: Taub Liba 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accounts of the history of physics sometimes describe major paradigm shifts followed by decades and even centuries of working through the consequences of the dominating paradigm. Some examples that are often pointed to as paradigm shifts are the Copernican revolution overtaking the millennium-old Ptolemaic system of astronomy and Newton’s mechanics replacing the ancient Aristotelian system. However, when thinking about ‘paradigm shifts’, there may be various different candidates that can be identified as possible ‘paradigms’ retrospectively. Thus it may be the case that paradigms are in the eye of the beholder.
The essential mystery - How an electron can be in more than one place at a time
Authors: Baggott Jim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantum mechanics is an extraordinarily successful scientific theory. But it is also completely mad. Its discovery forced us to confront all the cosy notions about physical reality that had been gained from our naïve interpretation of classical physics. Although the theory quite obviously works, it appears to leave us chasing ghosts and phantoms, particles that are waves and waves that are particles, cats that are at once both alive and dead, and lots of seemingly spooky goings-on. This paper is based on a talk delivered at the St Cross Centre for the History and Philosophy of Physics “The Nature of Quantum Reality” Conference in 2017. It addresses quantum theory’s only mystery and uses this as a platform to explore the Bohr-Einstein debate and the process of scientific theorising about the nature of quantum reality.
Explaining the Big Bang
Authors: Wilson Alastair 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Big Bang is the cause of every event in our Universe and hence it explains all subsequent cosmic history. But can the Big Bang itself be explained? This paper explores a number of different styles of explanation that might be offered. These include causal explanations of the Big Bang either by a physical or a non-physical cause: here the paper focusses especially on Roger Penrose’s conformal cyclic cosmology. They also include non-causal explanations of the Big Bang in terms of an underlying physical or non-physical fundamental basis for the Universe or in terms of fundamental physical laws.
A short history of the smallest
Authors: Landua Rolf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper tells the story of the Standard Model of particle physics. That starts in the 1930s with the idea of the pion and then traces its roots from an embryonic quark theory to its contemporary form. Early scepticism towards the quark model dissolved as it elegantly elucidated baryon and meson structures, and helped to uncover the intricacies of the weak and strong interactions. The Δ++ particle’s existence demanded the introduction of ‘colour’ charge, giving birth to Quantum Chromodynamics. Successive discoveries of heavy quarks, heavy leptons and their corresponding neutrinos fortified the Standard Model. The verification of the existence of gluons, the discovery of the W and Z bosons, and - finally - the Higgs boson are considered triumphs of the theory. However, despite its success, the model has inadequacies, notably with regard to dark matter and energy, but also in explaining the very origin of its many free parameters. New ideas and discoveries are needed to help solve these mysteries.
The monster mechanical delusion: nineteenth-century controversies concerning perpetual motion
Authors: Gooday Graeme 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The history of attempts to make a perpetual motion machine is not (just) the saga of irrational efforts to defy the laws of thermodynamics. In the eighteenth-century Enlightenment there were good reasons to believe in perpetual growth both in Nature and the economy, just as the planets and Sun appeared to move perpetually in the heavens. Why not machines also? In nineteenth-century Britain numerous purported perpetual motion devices were patented and promoted as potential investments in unbounded energy sources. While such frauds were finally prevented by a change in law in 1932 that rendered patents for perpetual motion devices impermissible the lessons learned from six centuries of failed attempts to deliver practical forms of perpetual motion gave some of the strongest evidence to support the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. In the twenty-first century the energy industry’s solar, wind, geothermal and tidal power generation can now secure effectively free energy to move our machinery for the indefinite future.
In search of hidden symmetries
Authors: Nucci Maria Clara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper exemplifies the importance of finding hidden symmetries of differential equations that are models of physical phenomena. The hidden symmetries (Lie symmetries) may be determined by either linking together different equations for certain values of their parameters or transforming the original model into another equivalent system of equations that may have more symmetries. Therefore, hidden symmetries may help to solve the original model or yield its hidden properties, e.g. linearity and conservation laws. Moreover Noether symmetries are shown to be preserved by going from classical to quantum mechanics, namely from Lagrangian systems to the corresponding time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
CERN, the LHC, the Higgs boson and the rest
Authors: Wingerter-Seez Isabelle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Higgs field was proposed in 1964 as a new kind of field that fills the entire Universe and gives mass to all elementary particles. The Higgs boson, a wave in that field, was discovered at CERN in 2012 by the two international collaborations ATLAS and CMS which operate the two eponymous detectors installed at the Large Hadron Collider. This achievement was the result of several decades of scientific developments and constructions by hundreds of teams, thousands of scientists and staff all over the globe. None of this would have been possible without the vision and dedication of a few individuals who set up the scene in the years post-World War II.
Big Science and the Universe: mega-projects in astronomy
Authors: Jackson Carole A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Astronomy studies the constituents of the Universe and seeks to understand physics at the largest scales. The Universe is the ultimate big physics laboratory – we can observe but not influence. Today Astronomy is a cooperative, international field of ‘Big Science’. Our largest telescopes cost billions of dollars. Each telescope has systems specialised in detecting signals from one part of the electromagnetic spectrum or alternatively, in responding to particle streams or gravitational wave phenomena.
The greatest physics discovery of the 20th century
Authors: Weinberg Steven 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This brief paper is based on a transcript of the late Steven Weinberg’s talk on his choice of quantum mechanics as the greatest physics discovery of the 20th century (edited by William Phillips) and focusses on the dramatic break that quantum mechanics makes with the classical mechanics that preceded it. Quantum mechanics successfully explains the behaviour of matter, including phenomena like chemistry that 19th century physicists did not even believe fell within the province of physics. Weinberg speculates about the possibility that quantum mechanics as we know it may only be a good approximation to some more complete theory.
The greatest physics discovery of the 20th century
Authors: Leggett Anthony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
My claim is that the greatest physics discovery of the 20th century is the realisation that the experimental predictions of quantum mechanics are under certain conditions inconsistent with those of any theory of the so-called “objective local” class and the subsequent experimental falsification of all such theories. This paper briefly examines the implications of this discovery for our conception of nature not only at the microscopic level of photons and electrons, but at the level of everyday life; in particular I conclude that even at this level counterfactual statements cannot always possess truth values.
Particle physics since 1945 and the emergence of the Standard Model
Authors: Virdee Tejinder Singh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The creation of the Standard Model of particle physics is one of humankind’s most significant achievements. Its descriptive and predictive power has been experimentally verified with an unprecedented accuracy in many generations of experiments, ranging from low to high energies. So far, no significant deviations from its predictions have been observed. This paper will give a historical perspective of particle physics from the mid-1940s and the theoretical and experimental work, leading to the creation of the Standard Model. It will discuss the Large Hadron Collider, its experiments, the discovery of the Higgs boson, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Amongst the other questions being addressed in particle physics are: What constitutes dark matter? Are there extra dimensions of space? Why is the Universe composed of matter and not antimatter? The answers have the potential to alter our perception of how Nature operates at the fundamental level.
From awe to experience, from artefacts to edufacts? On the post-war revolution in the objects of science communication
Authors: Schirrmacher Arne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The central message of this paper is that in the 20th century there was a revolution in the way science was presented. It became most visible in a significant change in the kinds of objects used to explain science to a wider public. For centuries the objects came from the academy, university, laboratory or industry. Either directly as artefacts or as modifications and simplifications that might work better in lectures and demonstrations, they inhabited the display cases in schools, universities, science collections and museums. It was not until the 1960s in North America that science museums – or rather science centres, as they soon became known – began to build their own exhibits in such a way as to present scientific phenomena as vividly as possible. How did this turn from artefacts to ‘edufacts’ come about and what implications did it have?
Application of the percentage differential relay and stator earth fault protection in synchronous generators
Authors: Huang C W , Wang S R , Hsu W T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Synchronous generators play a vital role in the power system. The relay protection distributed in the system can quickly remove the fault, effectively respond to it, and solve the problem. In this paper, the characteristics of a synchronous generator neutral ungrounded are analyzed when various unsymmetrical and symmetrical faults occur in the internal and external areas, and the percentage differential relay is used to solve the problem of short circuit faults. For the single line-to-ground fault, the stator earth fault protection is also introduced to compensate for the shortcomings of the generator neutral ungrounded. The simulation software MATLAB/Simulink is applied for modeling and analysis, and the strategy of composite protection solves the problem of unsymmetrical failure for the neutral point ungrounding generator.
Applying deep reinforcement learning to solve the low-carbon economic dispatch problem in smart microgrids
Authors: Liao G C , Liao B T , Liang Z Q , Yeh A T , Wu R C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Smart microgrid (SMG) technology can effectively integrate the advantages of new and renewable energy power generation - distributed generation, and, at the same time, provide a new technical approach for the large-scale application of new and renewable energy grid-connected power generation. Smart microgrids can improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and serve as an effective complementary power grid of the primary power grid to enhance the reliability of power supply and power quality, which is the latest frontier topic in power engineering research. This paper, aiming at the characteristics of distributed generation such as solar power generation, wind power generation, fuel cell power generation, and micro gas turbine in the smart microgrid system, considering the fuel, efficiency, operation, and maintenance costs of different types and capacities, the different greenhouse gas emissions, and the particularity of solar power generation and wind power generation, a mathematical model of low-carbon economic dispatch of smart microgrid that comprehensively considers the cost of power generation and emission is proposed. This paper presents a scheduling decision model based on an improved dual-delay depth deterministic strategy gradient algorithm. The improved double-delay deep deterministic strategy gradient algorithm is used to construct and train the neural network to avoid overestimation and improve the stability of the network output. At the same time, to improve the efficiency of network training, the historical experience data in the training process were stored, and the experience was replayed and sampled. Examples verify the superiority and practicability of the method proposed in this paper.
Research on size optimization of 3D printed parts using Grey-Taguchi method
Authors: Liao K Y , Lin B X , Lai T Y , Li C E , Liu F H , Tsao C C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the earliest developed 3D printing processes, which has the advantages of a clean processing environment, low overall manufacturing costs, and a variety of optional materials. However, it still has the disadvantages of low dimensional accuracy and poor surface quality of the molded workpiece. Therefore, how to solve this annoying problem has become an important research topic in the current industry-university-research fields. In this study, a square container with a bottom area of 48 mm×48 mm, a height of 30 mm, and a thin wall of 6 mm was used as the design object, and four controllable factors were adopted: layer thickness (A), nozzle temperature (B), printing speed (C), and forming path (D), combined with Grey- Taguchi’s experiments and calculations are carried out in order to achieve the purpose of optimizing the inner volume (IV) and inner diagonal length (IDL) of the square container (dual-objective quality characteristics). The experimental results show that within the selected printing parameter range, the optimized process parameter combination is layer thickness of 0.25 mm (A3), nozzle temperature of 190 °C (B1), printing speed of 50 mm/s (C3) and the molding direction of the annular surface (D2). Finally, use the GOM Inspect software (ATOS Q 3D scanner) and vernier caliper (VC) to compare the physical errors. According to the verification results, the errors of IV and IDL of the square container obtained by optimizing process parameters are 0.49% and 1.53%, and 3.76% and 6.33% respectively in GOM Inspect software and vernier caliper measurement. The results of this optimization process not only prove that the GOM Inspect software has a considerable degree of accuracy, but also can be used as a means to improve FDM multi-quality printing process optimization when combined with the Grey-Taguchi method.
The redrawing of oval shells for the use of a connector part
Authors: Lin H S , Zhang J D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Oval-shell parts have been widely used in consumer electronics such as the receptacle of the lightning connector. The current stamped part, based on the design of rectangular redrawing, exhibits uneven distribution of wall thickness and cannot meet the required tolerance. The wall thickness tends to be smaller near the entrance of the flat wall than that of the semi-cylindrical wall while it tends to be larger near the bottom of the flat wall than that of the semi-cylindrical wall. This paper proposes an elliptical scheme for the redrawing of oval shells for the progressive stamping process. The variation of the wall thickness between the flat wall and the semi-cylindrical wall has been improved.
Study on the forging process of artificial bone plates of SUS 316L
Authors: Yang T S , Yeh J C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
SUS 316L stainless steel, valued for its strength and biocompatibility, is a popular choice for artificial bone plates. Forged SUS 316L plates offer advantages like enhanced strength, improved fatigue resistance, reduced material waste, and increased production efficiency. Consequently, the forging technology and die design for SUS 316L is crucial in the manufacturing of high quality artificial bone plates. Finite element analysis simulates the forging process of SUS 316L bone plates, guiding the selection of the appropriate forging machine, die design, and process parameters based on the resulting forging load, stress distribution, and filling condition. Ultimately, this approach facilitates the creation of high-quality SUS 316L bone plates with precise dimensional accuracy.
3D FEM forming simulation optimization and experiment on bevel thread-forming screw
Authors: Teng H Y , Lu C , Tzou G Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study adopts 3 forming passes and 1 thread rolling process as the multi-pass schedule of bevel thread-forming screw. The finite element simulation software is used to simulate the plastic behaviour of forming and thread rolling processes. The geometry shapes, the part dimensions of each pass, the effective stress, the effective strain, the forming force and the die stress of each pass can be reached via FEM simulation. Moreover, especially Taguchi method for the maximum force pass is conducted to optimize the forming processes. Considering 4 control factors such as A: head arc radius (rH), B: flange thickness (t), C: corner radius (r), and D: frictional factor(m) and 3 levels to establish the orthogonal array table for optimum forming force, the influence rank and the optimal parameters combination are obtained to carry out the realistic experiment for confirming the feasibility of FEM simulation optimization. In a word, the influence rank of control factors: flange thickness (t) > head arc radius (rH) > corner radius (r) > frictional factor (m), and the optimal parameters combination is A3B3C3D1 (rH=42 mm, t=1.3 mm, r=0.7 mm, and m=0.12).
Development of cable-climbing robot with inspection function
Authors: Su B H , Chen Y H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The primary purpose of this study is to research and develop a crawler-type cable climbing robot to meet the demand of Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Ltd, using excellent structural design to meet the current practical requirements of the application of cable diameter varies greatly and simplify the operation process, improve the efficiency of the safety inspection of bridge cables and reduce the related risks, and through numerical analysis and the finite element method to optimize the design. The design is mainly divided into three parts: vibration measurement mechanism, robot control system, and cable climbing mechanism. The vibration measurement mechanism adopts the micro-vibration measurement method, in which a 3-axis piezoelectric accelerometer is tightly attached to the cable to measure the resonance frequency of the cable and detect the cable force. The robot control system adopts the fourth-generation Raspberry Pi as the central controller, with a ground remote control system and a backup system to prevent the robot from losing control due to the failure of the central system. The drive unit adopts a stepping motor with a planetary gearbox to drive the crawler. The cable-climbing mechanism uses a compression device to keep the robot’s track close to the cable to achieve a maximum speed of 0.04 m/s and to cross an obstacle limit of 9 mm over a 60-200 mm vertical or horizontal cable. The tracked cable-climbing robot is tested to be installed and operated by a single person and is adaptable to different cable environments with rapid deployment and operation.