bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐dependent development of Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera: Argidae), an invasive pest of elms in Europe
Authors: Papp V. , Ladányi M. , Vétek G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe temperature‐dependent development of Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Argidae), an invasive pest of elms in Europe, was studied in the laboratory on Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) at six constant temperatures (10.9, 15.0, 19.5, 23.0, 24.3 and 27.0°C) and at a photoperiod of 16L:8D. The larvae of the species developed through 4–7 instars, and it was the 6th instar individuals of which continued their development at the highest rate. The developmental threshold (Tmin) and the thermal constant (K) were determined by the linear model and Lactin‐2 model for egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages and one whole generation. The estimated values of Tmin and K by the two models for one generation were 7.3 and 7.1°C, and 426.5 and 432.7 degree‐days, respectively. Based on the survival and fecundity rates, the optimal temperature range for the species may be expected to be between 15.0 and 19.5°C. Allowing for the period of diapause, it was estimated that A. leucopoda might potentially develop through up to four or five generations per year in Hungary. These results may contribute to the better understanding of the biology of an invasive alien species in Europe.
A three‐phase excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and its response to exercise training
Authors: Zhang Y. , Claireaux G. , Takle H. , Jørgensen S. M. , Farrell A. P. 
Published: March 2018

The recovery of oxygen uptake to the standard metabolic rate (SMR) following exhaustive chasing exercise in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr occurred in three phases (rapid, plateau and slow). The initial recovery phase lasted 0·7 h and contributed 16% to the total excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). It was followed by a longer plateau phase that contributed 53% to the total EPOC. The slow recovery phase that completed recovery of SMR, which has not been reported previously, made a 31% contribution to the total EPOC. The plasticity of EPOC was demonstrated in exercise‐trained fish. Exercise training increased EPOC by 39% when compared with control fish (mean ± S.E., 877·7 ± 73·1 v. 629·2 ± 53·4 mg O2 kg−1, d.f. = 9, P < 0·05), with the duration of the plateau phase increasing by 38% (4·7 ± 0·58 v. 3·4 ± 0·16 h, d.f. = 9, P < 0·05) and the contribution of the slow phase to the total EPOC increasing by 80% (173·9 ± 23·9 v. 312·5 ± 50·4 mg O2 kg−1, d.f. = 9, P < 0·05). As a result, the combination of the plateau and slow phases of exercise‐trained fish increased by 47% compared with control fish (756·6 ± 71·4 v. 513·6 ± 43·1 mg O2 kg−1; d.f. = 9, P = 0·01). To substantiate the hypothesis that the plateau and slow recovery phase of EPOC was related to general metabolic recovery following exhaustive exercise, the time‐course for recovery of SMR was compared with previously published metabolite recovery profiles. The final phase of metabolic recovery was temporally associated with the final phases of gluconeogenesis, lactate oxidation and muscle intracellular pH regulation. Therefore, the plasticity of the latter phase of EPOC agreed with the known effects of exercise training in fishes.
Functional outcome measures for infantile Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease: a systematic review
Authors: Mandarakas Melissa R. , Rose Kristy J. , Sanmaneechai Oranee , Menezes Manoj P. , Refshauge Kathryn M. , Burns Joshua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA functional outcome measure for infants (aged 0–3 years) with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease is needed for upcoming disease‐modifying trials. A systematic review of outcome measures for infants with neuromuscular disorders was completed to determine if validated measures were available for the CMT infant population. We assessed 20,375 papers and identified seven functional outcome measures for infants with neuromuscular disorders. Six were developed and validated for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). There were no CMT‐specific outcome measures identified; however, one (motor function measure) assessed a range of neuromuscular disorders including 13 infants and children with CMT. The included studies exhibited “good” face, discriminant, convergent and concurrent validity, and reported excellent intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability. No outcome measure was subjected to item response theory. Studies reported outcome measures comprising of 51 different items assessing six domains of function: reflexive movement, axial movement, limb movement, positioning, gross motor, and fine‐motor skills. Scoring of items ranged from 2‐ to 7‐point rating scales; and none were scaled to normative reference values to account for changes in growth and development. The SMA focus of most items is likely to produce ceiling effects and lack sensitivity and responsiveness for within and between types of CMT in infants. Nevertheless, several items across scales assessing distal strength, gross‐ and fine‐motor function, could be included in the development of a composite functional outcome measure for infants with CMT to assess disease‐modifying interventions.
The genetic heterogeneity of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis in a sample of the Brazilian population
Authors: Lavigne‐Moreira Carolina , Marques Vanessa D. , Gonçalves Marcus V. M. , de Oliveira Mauricio F. , Tomaselli Pedro J. , Nunez José C. , do Nascimento Osvaldo J. M. , Barreira Amilton A. , Marques Wilson 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo present the genetic heterogeneity of a sample of the Brazilian population with transthyretin (TTR) mutations. This cohort study was descriptive and retrospective, and enrolled patients with peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause that were found to have a mutation in the TTR gene during the process of etiological investigation, between July 1997 to January 2016. Over the study period, 129 point mutations were identified in 448 tested patients, of whom 128 were of Brazilian origin. The TTR Val30Met mutation was identified in 116 patients (90.6%); while 7 (4.7%) patients had a pathogenic non‐TTR mutation and 7 (4.7%) carried non‐pathogenic mutations (4.7%). The four non‐TTRMet30 pathogenic mutations were TTR Aps38Tyr; TTR Ile107Val; TTR Val71Ala; and TTR Val122Ile. In the non‐pathogenic group, we only found two mutations, including TTR Gly6Ser and TTR Thr119Thr. Our study depicts a scenario of greater genetic heterogeneity among Brazilian hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). We expect that this number will grow fast over a short period of time, due to increasing availability of genetic tests, increasing knowledge of the disease and the multivariate origin of our population.
Counterfeit esthetic devices and patient safety in dermatology
Authors: Wang Jordan V , Zachary Christopher B , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study addresses the dilemma concerned with meeting patients who may have encountered counterfeit esthetic devices in the marketplace. Over the past several years, we have witnessed a rise in counterfeit injectables and medical devices in our field. Often times, the procedures are marketed to patients at significantly reduced prices compared to competitors. Patients may be unaware that counterfeit devices exist and may unknowingly have procedures completed using untested and uncertified devices. It is important for clinicians to recognize when their patients may be encountering counterfeit devices, know what to do in this situation, and offer the best recommendations.
The anticancer activity of antisense microRNA (fRNA) in combination with the lectin from Bacillus subtilis B-7025
Authors: Martynov Artur , Didenko Gennady , Farber Boris , Farber Sophya , Cruts Olena 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Many adenocarcinomas have the ability to capture from an extracellular matrix the oligonucleotides and nanoparticles by pinocytosis, when the non-cancerous cells are not capable to capture the oligonucleotides and small liposomes. This provides selective accumulation of proposed protected oligonucleotides (fRNA) in cancer cells and also provides the absence toxicity in the fRNA.

Methods
For the immunotherapy, we used immunotropic 70 kDa lectin Bacillus subtilis B-7025. In vivo experiments were carried out in C57BL line mice in Lewis lung carcinoma. The cytotoxic activity, lymphocytes and macrophages were determined in vitro using the MTT assay.

Key findings
Animal survival rate in groups receiving either the fRNA or lectine was 70 and 40%, respectively.

Conclusions
Combined use of fRNA and lectine has the advantage compared with the use of these drugs in monotherapy, as the anticancer efficacy of the scheme is much higher, which is manifested in the primary tumour node and metastasis inhibition.
Rheum palmatum root extract inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in rats treated with diethylnitrosamine
Authors: El-Saied Mahmoud A , Sobeh Mansour , Abdo Walied , Badr Osama M , Youssif Lamiaa T , Elsayed Ibrahim H , Osman Samir M , Wink Michael 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anticancer properties of a methanol extract of Rheum palmatum roots against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats and to characterize its phytoconstituents.

Methods
HPLC-PDA-MS/MS was used to profile the secondary metabolites in R. palmatum root extract. HCC was induced using diethylnitrosamine (DENA). The activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total proteins, serum albumin and serum globulin was determined. DNA fragmentation and histopathological examination and GST-P immunostaining were also studied.

Key findings
LC-MS/MS analysis identified 16 compounds belonging to anthraquinones, flavonoids and tannins. The root extract significantly reduced the elevated liver enzymes ALT and AST and increased total proteins, albumin and globulin in HCC-rats. Also, the tumour markers AFP and GGT levels were significantly reduced in HCC-rats treated with the extract. In addition, the extract significantly reduced elevated DNA fragmentation and decreased the numbers and areas of GST-P positive putative foci in HCC-rats.

Conclusions
Rheum palmatum is a potential candidate to be explored for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Secondary craters and ejecta across the solar system: Populations and effects on impact‐crater–based chronologies
Authors: Bierhaus E. B. , McEwen A. S. , Robbins S. J. , Singer K. N. , Dones L. , Kirchoff M. R. , Williams J.‐P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe review the secondary‐crater research over the past decade, and provide new analyses and simulations that are the first to model an accumulation of a combined primary‐plus‐secondary crater population as discrete cratering events. We develop the secondary populations by using scaling laws to generate ejecta fragments, integrating the trajectories of individual ejecta fragments, noting the location and velocity at impact, and using scaling laws to estimate secondary‐crater diameters given the impact conditions. We also explore the relationship between the impactor size–frequency distribution (SFD) and the resulting secondary‐crater SFD. Our results from these analyses indicate that the “secondary effect” varies from surface to surface and that no single conclusion applies across the solar system nor at any given moment in time—rather, there is a spectrum of outcomes both spatially and temporally, dependent upon target parameters and the impacting population. Surface gravity and escape speed define the spatial distribution of secondaries. A shallow‐sloped impactor SFD will cause proportionally more secondaries than a steeper‐sloped SFD. Accounting for the driving factors that define the magnitude and spatial distribution of secondaries is essential to determine the relative population of secondary craters, and their effect on derived surface ages.
Comparative study among Spanish students of health sciences degrees: Facing death
Authors: Pérez‐ de la Cruz Sagrario , García‐ Luengo Amelia Victoria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and attitudes of students of health sciences faculties (medicine, nursing, and physiotherapy) regarding specific issues related to death and end of life in both professional and personal realms. A descriptive, cross‐sectional, and multi‐center approach was used. The modified Bugen Scale for facing death was used. The study population (411 students) encompassed three distinct groups: students from the degrees of medicine, nursing, and physiotherapy. In total, 12 items showed significant differences between the three groups. The sample presented a moderate level of perceived competency in the ability to face death. We found significant differences in the scores obtained by the three groups regarding their ability to face the death of people who are emotionally close. Furthermore, the sample demonstrated a good level of self‐efficacy when facing death, with nursing students displaying the greatest emotional involvement when compared to their colleagues studying medicine and physiotherapy. It is therefore recommended that study curricula of future health professionals contain specific training in end‐of‐life care.
Returning Heroes: Greek and Native Interaction in (Pre‐)Colonial South Italy and Beyond
Authors: Guggisberg Martin A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe cultural interaction between the native population of south Italy and the first immigrants from Greece and the Levant in the early first millennium BC has been exhaustively discussed in recent years. In most cases the debate has been focused on the native side of the encounter, on imports and imitations of Greek and Levantine products found in Italy and on the effects that these foreign goods and the ideologies attached to them had on the local population. Only rarely, however, has the question been asked of how the encounter affected the Greek and Levantine participants. New evidence from the necropolis of Francavilla Marittima, a pivotal point in the early trade and exchange network across the Mediterranean, reveals the adoption of Greek drinking and dining customs based on the notion of ritualized guest‐friendship by the local elite as early as the third quarter of the eighth century BC. As Greek xenia functions on the basis of equal rank of the participants involved, it follows from this discovery that Greek aristocrats must have been present in the pre‐colonial world from a very early time. In the second part of the paper the question is raised of the material evidence in Greece and the Aegean world for these early contacts with the native Italic population, focusing in particular on the evidence from Eretria, one of the leading powers in the early Greek exploration of the West.
Circadian clock components control daily growth activities by modulating cytokinin levels and cell division‐associated gene expression in Populus trees
Authors: Edwards Kieron D. , Takata Naoki , Johansson Mikael , Jurca Manuela , Novák Ondřej , Hényková Eva , Liverani Silvia , Kozarewa Iwanka , Strnad Miroslav , Millar Andrew J. , Ljung Karin , Eriksson Maria E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTrees are carbon dioxide sinks and major producers of terrestrial biomass with distinct seasonal growth patterns. Circadian clocks enable the coordination of physiological and biochemical temporal activities, optimally regulating multiple traits including growth. To dissect the clock's role in growth, we analysed Populus tremula × P. tremuloides trees with impaired clock function due to down‐regulation of central clock components. late elongated hypocotyl (lhy‐10) trees, in which expression of LHY1 and LHY2 is reduced by RNAi, have a short free‐running period and show disrupted temporal regulation of gene expression and reduced growth, producing 30–40% less biomass than wild‐type trees. Genes important in growth regulation were expressed with an earlier phase in lhy‐10, and CYCLIN D3 expression was misaligned and arrhythmic. Levels of cytokinins were lower in lhy‐10 trees, which also showed a change in the time of peak expression of genes associated with cell division and growth. However, auxin levels were not altered in lhy‐10 trees, and the size of the lignification zone in the stem showed a relative increase. The reduced growth rate and anatomical features of lhy‐10 trees were mainly caused by misregulation of cell division, which may have resulted from impaired clock function.
Changes in iron availability in Arabidopsis are rapidly sensed in the leaf vasculature and impaired sensing leads to opposite transcriptional programs in leaves and roots
Authors: Khan Mather A. , Castro‐Guerrero Norma A. , McInturf Samuel A. , Nguyen Nga T. , Dame Ashley N. , Wang Jiaojiao , Bindbeutel Rebecca K. , Joshi Trupti , Jurisson Silvia S. , Nusinow Dmitri A. , Mendoza‐Cozatl David G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER 3 (OPT3) has recently been identified as a component of the systemic network mediating iron (Fe) deficiency responses in Arabidopsis. Reduced expression of OPT3 induces an over accumulation of Fe in roots and leaves, due in part by an elevated expression of the IRON‐REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1. Here we show however, that opt3 leaves display a transcriptional program consistent with an Fe overload, suggesting that Fe excess is properly sensed in opt3 leaves and that the OPT3‐mediated shoot‐to‐root signaling is critical to prevent a systemic Fe overload. We also took advantage of the tissue‐specific localization of OPT3, together with other Fe‐responsive genes, to determine the timing and location of early transcriptional events during Fe limitation and resupply. Our results show that the leaf vasculature responds more rapidly than roots to both Fe deprivation and resupply, suggesting that the leaf vasculature is within the first tissues that sense and respond to changes in Fe availability. Our data highlight the importance of the leaf vasculature in Fe homeostasis by sensing changes in apoplastic levels of Fe coming through the xylem and relaying this information back to roots via the phloem to regulate Fe uptake at the root level.
Challenging the Dominant Frame: The Moderating Impact of Exposure and Knowledge on Perceptions of Sex Trafficking Victimization*
Authors: Bouché Vanessa , Farrell Amy , Wittmer‐Wolfe Dana E. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveHuman trafficking problems have largely been framed by political elites and the media as a sexual crime involving innocent victims who are largely women and children. It is unclear how this framing impacts the public's attitudes about the issue. Here, we ask what types of sex trafficking victim frames produce the strongest response among the American public and how does increased exposure and accurate knowledge about the issue moderate the impact of the victim frames?MethodsTo answer these questions, we utilize data from a unique nationally representative survey experiment fielded to 2,000 Americans in which we designed a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment manipulating the gender, age, and nationality of sex trafficking victims.ResultsWe find the age of the victim has the greatest impact on affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses to human trafficking, but that these victim frames are conditional on the amount of exposure a subject has had to the issue of human trafficking and the level of correct knowledge he or she possesses about human trafficking.ConclusionVictim framing in public discourse on sex trafficking does make a difference, and the reasons these frames elicit different responses are complex and moderated by respondents’ exposure to information and knowledge about the issue.
Mitogenome organization and evolutionary history of the subfamily Cephinae (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)
Authors: KORKMAZ ERTAN MAHİR , DOǦAN ÖZGÜL , DUREL BERŞAN SEÇİL , TEMEL ALTUN BURCU , BUDAK MAHİR , BAŞIBÜYÜK HASAN HÜSEYİN 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCephinae represents one of the exclusively endophytophagous sawfly lineages with diverse host plant utilizations, in which most species have great economic importance. However, the evolutionary history of the subfamily has not been thoroughly investigated to date. Here, we characterized the mitogenomes of six species representing five genera of Cephinae. Rearrangements of the tRNA genes were found to be notably common. The rearrangements involve the IQM and TP gene clusters, and the former is a synapomorphy of the subfamily. In spite of the seldom occurrence of gene duplication in arthropods, three tRNA duplication events not known elsewhere in Symphyta were detected in Cephinae. The phylogeny of Cephinae was reconstructed using different datasets generated from mitochondrial genes and two nuclear fragments, EF‐1α and ITS2, under Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) approaches by adding the data of previously reported seven species. Five different tree topologies were recovered in which the tree produced from the nP12RNAexc4genes dataset under the BI and ML approaches was highly resolved with high support values. The phylogeny did not support the traditional tribal concept but it suggested two strongly supported clades. Diversification of the subfamily appears to correspond to a great extent to host plant availability and colonization in the Late Cretaceous, Early Eocene and Oligocene, suggesting speciation via host shift. The nonsynonymous substitutions and the most radical changes observed in mitochondrial protein‐coding genes were proposed as evidence for speciation driven by divergent adaptive selection.
Frequent source plasma donors are not at risk of iron depletion: the Ferritin Levels in Plasma Donor (FLIPD) study
Authors: Schreiber George B. , Brinser Roger , Rosa‐Bray Marilyn , Yu Zi‐Fan , Simon Toby 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDWhole blood and red blood cell (RBC) donors are at risk of iron deficiency. Since Source plasma (SP) donors have RBCs returned during apheresis, risk of iron depletion appears low. However, SP donors can donate frequently and assessment of frequent donor iron status is needed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 1254 SP donors were enrolled in four frequency groups determined by donations in the prior 12 months: no donations and 1 to 24, 25 to 69, and 70 or more donations. Ferritin was determined for each donor. Donors with ferritin levels of less than 12 ng/mL were classified as having absent iron stores (AIS).RESULTSCompared to new donors, ferritin for females was higher in each successive frequency group. For 70 or more donations, ferritin was 13 ng/mL higher than in new donors (p = 0.02). For males, 1 to 24 donations had the highest ferritin levels. Compared to new donors, highest‐frequency donors had lower ferritin levels, 114 ng/mL versus 100 ng/mL (p = 0.14). Age for females and males increased with each successive frequency group. Age adjustment resulted in smaller ferritin differences for females and larger differences for males in the high‐frequency groups; AIS for females was highest in new donors (7%) and lowest in the highest‐frequency group (1%). In aggregate, AIS occurred in less than 1% of all male donors. Male new and highest‐frequency donors had 1% AIS with none in the other groups.CONCLUSIONFew SP donors have iron depletion and it is not higher in frequent donors. Frequent SP donation does not adversely impact iron stores. Thus, monitoring donor iron status or iron supplementation is not necessary.