bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filming sea‐level rise: media encounters and memory work in the Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Harms Arne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article, I discuss social consequences of the visualization of climate change. I focus on encounters between film crews and displaced islanders on rapidly eroding islands at the sea‐facing edge of the Indian Sundarbans. As these islands have become the epitome of global environmental damage and dystopian futures, film crews regularly travel here to produce captivating footage on degradation and displacement. I first situate the ensuing encounters in global regimes of visibility and infrastructural possibilities. Building on that, I argue that these encounters set forth what I call unintentional memory work. By virtue of being a spectacle, by enabling a return to the film subjects’ former homes, and by staging acts of remembering, film teams unintentionally induce a reworking of memories and, at times, the production of new memories. In both instances, particular pasts are prioritized and imbued with a sense of urgency and relevance to foreign film teams and global audiences. I frame these media encounters as interfaces through which global anxieties about Anthropocene futures become implicated in the fashioning of selves on remote shores.
The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Auditor Expertise and Human Capital Development
Authors: BOL JASMIJN C. , ESTEP CASSANDRA , MOERS FRANK , PEECHER MARK E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTwo critical aspects of the model of auditor expertise development in Tan and Libby [1997] are that audit firms do not value tacit knowledge in inexperienced auditors but do value it in experienced auditors. We update the former and extend the latter. Our paper predicts and finds that audit firms now do value tacit knowledge in inexperienced auditors, especially when their supervisors have higher tacit knowledge. Our proxies of value include higher promotability assessments, annual evaluations, and cash bonuses. Our paper also extends Tan and Libby [1997] by positing that enhanced development of expertise and audit firm human capital are two reasons audit firms value tacit knowledge in experienced auditors. As predicted, higher tacit knowledge in experienced auditors is positively associated with higher tacit knowledge acquisition by their inexperienced subordinates and with stronger firm commitment of inexperienced subordinates having higher tacit knowledge.
A Power Law Model for River Flow Velocity in Iowa Basins
Authors: Ghimire Ganesh Raj , Krajewski Witold F. , Mantilla Ricardo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study explores power law relationships to estimate water flow velocity as a function of discharge and drainage area across river networks. We test the model using empirical data from 214 United States (U.S.) Geological Survey gauging stations distributed over the state of Iowa in the U.S. The empirical data are the measurements of the mean cross‐sectional velocity and concurrent discharge. The data are used to estimate parameters for a state‐wide model and to test for spatial variability for 15 large river basins contained within the state. Spatial differences among the basins are small but some parameters significantly differ from the state‐wide model. Using individual station data, the authors also explore a simpler power law model that disregards dependence on the drainage area. Overall, the study shows that including drainage area improves the model. Our study provides parameter values that can be directly incorporated into a regional scale routing model, and provides a framework for developing flow velocity models for hydraulically similar rivers in the U.S. and the world.
Boosting DNA metabarcoding for biomonitoring with phylogenetic estimation of operational taxonomic units’ ecological profiles
Authors: Keck François , Vasselon Valentin , Rimet Frédéric , Bouchez Agnès , Kahlert Maria 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDNA metabarcoding has been introduced as a revolutionary way to identify organisms and monitor ecosystems. However, the potential of this approach for biomonitoring remains partially unfulfilled because a significant part of the sampled DNA cannot be affiliated to species due to incomplete reference libraries. Thus, biotic indices, which are based on the estimated abundances of species in a community and their ecological profiles, can be inaccurate. We propose to compute biotic indices using phylogenetic imputation of operational taxonomic units (OTUs’) ecological profiles (OTU‐PITI approach). First, OTUs sequences are inserted within a reference phylogeny. Second, OTUs’ ecological profiles are estimated on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships with reference species whose ecology is known. Based on these ecological profiles, biotic indices can be computed using all available OTUs. Using freshwater diatoms as a case study, we show that short DNA barcodes can be placed accurately within a phylogeny and their ecological preferences estimated with a satisfactory level of precision. In the light of these results, we tested the approach with a data set of 139 environmental samples of benthic river diatoms for which the same biotic index (specific sensitivity index) was calculated using (a) traditional microscopy, (b) OTUs with taxonomic assignment approach, (c) OTUs with phylogenetic estimation of ecological profiles (OTU‐PITI) and (d) OTU with taxonomic assignment completed by the phylogenetic approach (OTU‐PITI) for unclassified OTUs. Using traditional microscopy as a reference, we found that the combination of the OTUs’ taxonomic assignment completed by the phylogenetic method performed satisfactorily and substantially better than the other methods tested.
Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure
Authors: Erritzoe D. , Roseman L. , Nour M. M. , MacLean K. , Kaelen M. , Nutt D. J. , Carhart‐Harris R. L. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo explore whether psilocybin with psychological support modulates personality parameters in patients suffering from treatment‐resistant depression (TRD).MethodTwenty patients with moderate or severe, unipolar, TRD received oral psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, one week apart) in a supportive setting. Personality was assessed at baseline and at 3‐month follow‐up using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R), the subjective psilocybin experience with Altered State of Consciousness (ASC) scale, and depressive symptoms with QIDS‐SR16.ResultsNeuroticism scores significantly decreased while Extraversion increased following psilocybin therapy. These changes were in the direction of the normative NEO‐PI‐R data and were both predicted, in an exploratory analysis, by the degree of insightfulness experienced during the psilocybin session. Openness scores also significantly increased following psilocybin, whereas Conscientiousness showed trend‐level increases, and Agreeableness did not change.ConclusionOur observation of changes in personality measures after psilocybin therapy was mostly consistent with reports of personality change in relation to conventional antidepressant treatment, although the pronounced increases in Extraversion and Openness might constitute an effect more specific to psychedelic therapy. This needs further exploration in future controlled studies, as do the brain mechanisms of postpsychedelic personality change.
Dual use of alcohol and marijuana and condomless sex in young adult men and women: A within‐subject day‐level analysis
Authors: Hayaki Jumi , Anderson Bradley J. , Stein Michael D. 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesUnprotected sex has been linked independently to alcohol and marijuana use, but few studies have examined associations with dual use or gender differences in these associations.MethodsThis study examined day‐level associations between unprotected sex, defined as condomless vaginal sex with an opposite‐sex partner, and use of alcohol, marijuana, neither, or both substances among 290 young adults (18–25 years, 52.3% female) who reported either alcohol or marijuana use. Participants reported demographics, alcohol use, marijuana use, and at least one episode of condomless sex as defined above in the past 90 days (Timeline Follow‐Back). The likelihood of condomless sex was examined for days when alcohol, marijuana, neither, or both were used. Gender differences were also explored.ResultsFor females, compared to days with no substance use, the estimated risk of condomless sex increased by a factor of 2.12 on alcohol use days, 1.89 on marijuana use days, and 3.39 on dual use days. Among males, the odds of condomless sex increased only slightly on alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03) or marijuana use (OR = 1.08) days, but increased by a factor of 1.71 on dual use days.Discussion and ConclusionsYoung persons who use alcohol and/or marijuana experience heightened likelihood of condomless sex. This increased likelihood is greater for women than for men on days with alcohol or marijuana use, each alone but especially when combined.Scientific SignificanceYoung women may be especially susceptible to the influence of alcohol and/or marijuana use on sexual behavior. (Am J Addict 2018;27:413–418)
Mechanical oscillations superimposed on the pelvic floor muscles during Kegel exercises reduce urine leakage in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence: A prospective cohort study with a 2‐year follow up
Authors: Nilsen Ingard , Rebolledo Guillermo , Acharya Ganesh , Leivseth Gunnar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionNew methods of conservative treatment of female stress urinary incontinence are needed. We investigated whether superimposed vibration mechanosignals during Kegel exercises could reduce the amount of urinary leakage after 4 and 6 weeks of training.Material and methodsSixty women with stress urinary incontinence were included in this prospective cohort study. Vibration mechanosignals were superimposed during Kegel exercises using an intravaginal device. Each training session consisted of 15 maximal contractions of pelvic floor muscles for 5 s. The women performed training (5 min/day) at home for 4 (n = 60) and 6 (n = 36) weeks. Urine leakage (g) during stress test with standardized bladder volume, and contraction force without and with superimposed mechanical stimulations were measured at inclusion (T0), and after 4 (T2) and 6 (T3) weeks of training using an intravaginal device. Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form was recorded at T0, and in a sub‐cohort of women (n = 36) at 2 years follow up.ResultsMean urine leakage reduced significantly from 20.5 (± 12.2) g at T0 to 4.8 (± 6.7) g at T2 and 1.5 (± 6.7) g at T3. After 4 and 6 weeks of training, urinary leakage was ≤ 4 g on stress test in 44 and 49 of the 60 women, respectively. At T0, the mean Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form score was 13 (± 2.4), and at 2 years follow up, the score was 6.3 (± 3.75).ConclusionsSuperimposed mechanical stimulation with Kegel exercises significantly reduced urinary leakage in women with stress urinary incontinence.
Cellular expression of CD markers in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: implications for prognosis
Authors: Behzad Masumeh Maleki , Asnafi Ali Amin , Jalalifar Mohammad Ali , Moghtadaei Mostafa , Jaseb Kaveh , Saki Najmaldin 
Published: June 2018

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder associated with platelet destruction. Abnormalities in frequency and function of different immune cells can play a crucial role in this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CD markers’ expressions by immune cells in ITP. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 25 ITP patients before and after treatment. The expression of CD markers was evaluated by flow cytometry technique. The expression of CD38 and CD56 was significantly lower before treatment than after it (p = 0.025 and p = 0.036, respectively). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between CD38 expression with platelet count before (r = 0.496, p = 0.012) and after treatment (r = 0.404, p = 0.045). No significant relationship was found between this marker and platelet count while CD4 expression was higher before treatment than after it (p = 0.002). In conclusion, CD38 may have independent prognostic value in ITP and we suggest that it can be a prognostic marker for this disease.
Evaluation of TLR2,TLR4, and TOLLIP polymorphisms for their role in tuberculosis susceptibility
Authors: Wu Shouquan , Huang Weiwei , Wang Dan , Wang Yu , Wang Minggui , Zhang Miaomiao , He Jian‐Qing 
Published: June 2018

Previous studies indicated that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes coding for toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and toll‐interacting protein (TOLLIP) may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study was designed to investigate potential associations between the polymorphisms in TLR2, TLR4, and TOLLIP and susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or subsequent PTB in a Chinese Han population. A total of 209 PTB and 201 LTBI patients and 204 healthy control subjects (HCS) were enrolled in our study. We performed a logistic regression including sex and age as covariates to test the effect of genotype. Genotyping was conducted using the improved multiplex ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). Eleven markers in TLR2, TLR4, and TOLLIP were assessed. No significant association between polymorphisms of TLR2 and TLR4 with PTB or LTBI was detected. For TOLLIP, rs5743899 (p = 0.005, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.20–2.80) CC genotype were risk factors for PTB progression. Moreover, rs5743867 under addictive (p = 0.005, OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14–2.07) and recessive model (p = 0.004, OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.22–2.83) were also risk factors for PTB susceptibility. Our results indicate that polymorphisms in TOLLIP affected the risk of PTB disease.
Characterization of the LH peak after short and long fixed‐time artificial insemination protocols in sheep raised in the tropics
Authors: Soriano Gabriela Azenha Milani , de Ruediger Felipe Rydygier , Zundt Marilice , Gomes Marco Aurélio da Cruz Nobre , de Souza Lilian Francisco Arantes , Giometti Ines Cristina , de Paula Nogueira Guilherme , Zanelli Gustavo Ricci , de Almeida Rego Fabiola Cristiane , Castilho Caliê 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the peak in luteinizing hormone (LH) and the pregnancy rate of sheep (Texel × Santa Inês) in the tropics using short‐ (6 days) and long‐term (12 days) progesterone protocols followed by artificial insemination (AI) both in and out of the breeding season. Experiment 1 was conducted within (IN) the breeding season (autumn, n = 36), and experiment 2 was conducted outside (OUT) of the breeding season (spring, n = 43). In each experiment, the sheep were divided into two groups (6 or 12 days) according to the duration of treatment with a single‐use progesterone release vaginal device (CIDR®, Pfizer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), and blood samples were collected from 10 animals per group every 4 hr to measure the LH and progesterone concentrations. In the spring, the characteristics of the LH peak did not differ between groups; but in the autumn, there were differences between groups at the beginning (G‐6 IN: 36.44 ± 5.46 hr; G‐12 IN: 26.57 ± 4.99 hr) and end of the LH peak (G‐6 IN: 46.22 ± 7.51 hr; G‐12 IN: 34.86 ± 8.86 hr). The results showed alterations in the LH peak during the breeding season only in the sheep undergoing the short‐term protocol.
Augmented NRF2 activation protects adult sickle mice from lethal acute chest syndrome
Authors: Ghosh Samit , Hazra Rimi , Ihunnah Chibueze A. , Weidert Frances , Flage Bethany , Ofori‐Acquah Solomon F. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAcute chest syndrome (ACS) mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) rises sharply in young adult patients and mechanism‐based prophylaxis is lacking. In SCD, haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) declines with age and ACS is associated with low HO‐1. To test if enhanced HO‐1 can reduce ACS mortality, young SCD mice were treated with D3T (3H‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione), an activator of nuclear‐factor erythroid 2 like 2, which controls HO‐1 expression, for 3 months. Following haem‐induced ACS, all vehicle‐treated mice succumbed to severe lung injury, while D3T‐treated mice had significantly improved survival. Blocking HO‐1 activity abrogated the D3T effect. Thus HO‐1 may be targeted to reduce ACS severity in adult patients.
Remember your crimes: How an appeal to ingroup wrongdoings fosters reconciliation in separatist conflict
Authors: Mashuri Ali , van Leeuwen Esther , van Vugt Mark 
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of appeals to ingroup wrongdoings, as opposed to ingroup rightdoings, on reconciliation between groups in a real‐world conflict. We conducted an experiment in Indonesia, where separatist conflict in the province West Papua is currently unresolved. Participants were a sample of Javanese residents (N = 502), representing the majority group in Indonesia. Compared to ingroup rightdoings, being reminded of ingroup wrongdoings significantly increased participants’ sense of perpetratorhood. These feelings of being a perpetrator in turn fostered participants’ reconciliatory attitudes towards the separatist group. These findings reveal that an appeal to ingroup wrongdoings can be effective in promoting intergroup reconciliation. In addition to theoretical implications, we discuss practical implications in terms of highlighting the importance of acknowledging ingroup wrongdoings as part of an intervention programme.
Influence of clay licks on the diversity and structure of an Amazonian forest
Authors: Molina Eduardo , Espelta Josep Maria , Pino Joan , Bagaria Guillem , Armenteras Dolors 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe spatial heterogeneity of resource availability is a major driver of biodiversity patterns. Some environmental conditions and resources are characterized by large‐scale patterns of variation within the landscape. Clumped local discontinuities or discrete elements also increase spatial heterogeneity, promoting local ‘biodiversity hot spots’ by modifying habitat characteristics and promoting plant–animal interactions. Clay licks are faunal attractors owing to their role in the nutritional ecology of the user species; nevertheless, the effect of their presence on the surrounding vegetation has been poorly quantified. Here, we use data from 100 × 10 m transects and evaluate the effects of the presence of clay licks on forest diversity and structure at local and landscape scales. In clay lick areas, there was a higher abundance of certain species, which helps to homogenize species composition between localities counteracting the natural distance‐decay of compositional similarity between transects without clay lick influence (controls). Compared to control sites, clay lick′s forests had higher palm densities, shorter but more variable individuals in the canopy and understory, a thinner canopy layer, and denser herbaceous and ground level covers. These differences were found along the whole length of transects in both sampled areas types. These results reveal that the presence of discrete elements (i.e., clay licks) may help to explain the compositional and structural heterogeneity of Amazonian forests influencing ecological processes such as seed dispersal and trampling. These considerations may be relevant for other biomes where clay licks are present and give weight to their inclusion in conservation initiatives in tropical forests.
Targeting matrix metalloproteinase‐13 in bronchial epithelial repair
Authors: Howell Christopher , Smith James R. , Shute Janis K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundViral infection of the bronchial epithelium disrupts the barrier properties of the epithelium in healthy individuals and those with lung disease. Repair of the bronchial epithelium is dependent of the formation of a provisional fibrin matrix and migration of epithelial cells to cover denuded areas, followed by proliferation and differentiation.ObjectiveThe objective was to test the hypothesis that poly I:C, a model of viral infection, limits epithelial repair through the stimulated release of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13).MethodsConfluent layers of cultured normal human primary bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) and SV‐40 virus‐transformed 16HBE14o‐ bronchial epithelial cells were mechanically wounded, and video microscopy used to measure the rate of wound closure over 2 hours, in the absence and presence of poly I:C (1‐20 μg/mL). MMP‐13, tissue factor and endothelin release were measured by ELISA. The effect of inhibitors of MMP‐13 activity and expression and a nonspecific endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, on the rate of epithelial repair was investigated.ResultsPoly I:C limited the rate of epithelial repair, and NHBE were significantly more sensitive to poly I:C effects than 16HBE14o‐ cells. NHBE, but not 16HBE14o‐, released MMP‐13 in response to poly I:C. Inhibitors of MMP‐13 activity (WAY 170523) and expression (dimethyl fumarate) significantly enhanced the rate of repair. Bosentan enhanced the rate of bronchial epithelial repair by a mechanism that was independent of MMP‐13.Conclusions and clinical relevanceBronchial epithelial repair is limited by endothelin and by MMP‐13, a protease that degrades coagulation factors, such as fibrinogen, and matrix proteins essential for epithelial repair. Further studies with primary cells from patients are needed to confirm whether repurposing bosentan and inhibitors of MMP‐13 expression or activity, for inhalation may be a useful therapeutic strategy in diseases where repeated cycles of epithelial injury and repair occur, such as asthma and COPD.
Moral injury and the priesthood of all believers1
Authors: Childs James M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article proceeds from the conviction that moral injury suffered by many combat veterans is a deeply spiritual matter requiring spiritual resources for healing. The tradition of the care of souls commends itself. It takes into account that the “soul” is an expression of the whole person in all its physical, spiritual, and social realities. Moral injury affects all those dimensions of personhood or soul. Since the Reformation the care of souls has been a vocation for the ministry of the whole people of God under the theology of the priesthood of all believers. A caring community is essential to healing for many dealing with moral injury. Indeed, the veterans themselves, in sharing their stories and their pain, become part of that ministry of the priesthood of all believers and may well find healing in the meaningfulness of their mutual ministry.