bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les migrations internationales dans l’enseignement belge francophone
Authors: Ouali Nouria 
Published: October 2018

<p class="resume">L’article rappelle, d’abord, la revendication ancienne d’un enseignement sur les migrations, ensuite, il restitue la manière dont le système éducatif francophone a « (dé)considéré », peu ou prou, la présence des enfants de migrants en son sein. Enfin, il dresse un tableau général des formations existantes et analyse les conditions qui ont contribué à leur développement. Il conclut sur l’intérêt toujours marginal pour cette matière dans le secondaire alors que les universités procèdent à sa lente institutionnalisation grâce aux nouvelles sources économiques que ces formations génèrent.</p>
Insegnare le migrazioni internazionali in Italia : uno sguardo all’antropologia e alla geografia
Authors: Amato Fabio , Gatti Rosa 
Published: October 2018

Dans le contexte universitaire italien, les cours consacrés aux thèmes des migrations n’ont eu une certaine visibilité qu’à partir du nouveau millénaire. Après la réforme universitaire de 1999, nous assistons à une prolifération d’intitulés de cours qui font référence d’une manière plus ou moins explicite aux migrations et il est désormais difficile de synthétiser toutes les informations. Notre enquête permet de souligner que l’étude des processus migratoires n’est plus un domaine exclusif d’un secteur disciplinaire et que leur enseignement est transversal aux différents champs disciplinaires. Elle fournit une ample matière à réflexion : l’objectif de cette note de recherche est d’ouvrir une fenêtre sur l’enseignement en anthropologie et géographie.
A satellite-based estimate of combustion aerosol cloud microphysical effects over the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zamora Lauren M. , Kahn Ralph A. , Huebert Klaus B. , Stohl Andreas , Eckhardt Sabine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Climate predictions for the rapidly changing Arctic are
highly uncertain, largely due to a poor understanding of the processes
driving cloud properties. In particular, cloud fraction (CF) and cloud phase
(CP) have major impacts on energy budgets, but are poorly represented in most
models, often because of uncertainties in aerosol–cloud interactions. Here,
we use over 10 million satellite observations coupled with aerosol transport
model simulations to quantify large-scale microphysical effects of aerosols
on CF and CP over the Arctic Ocean during polar night, when direct and
semi-direct aerosol effects are minimal. Combustion aerosols over sea ice are
associated with very large (∼10 W m−2) differences in longwave
cloud radiative effects at the sea ice surface. However, co-varying
meteorological changes on factors such as CF likely explain the majority of
this signal. For example, combustion aerosols explain at most 40 % of the
CF differences between the full dataset and the clean-condition subset,
compared to between 57 % and 91 % of the differences that can be
predicted by co-varying meteorology. After normalizing for meteorological
regime, aerosol microphysical effects have small but significant impacts on
CF, CP, and precipitation frequency on an Arctic-wide scale. These effects
indicate that dominant aerosol–cloud microphysical mechanisms are related to
the relative fraction of liquid-containing clouds, with implications for a
warming Arctic.
A machine learning approach to aerosol classification for single-particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Christopoulos Costa D. , Garimella Sarvesh , Zawadowicz Maria A. , Möhler Ottmar , Cziczo Daniel J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Compositional analysis of atmospheric and laboratory aerosols is often
conducted via single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS), an in situ and
real-time analytical technique that produces mass spectra on a
single-particle basis. In this study, classifiers are created
using a data set of SPMS spectra to automatically differentiate particles on
the basis of chemistry and size. Machine learning algorithms build a
predictive model from a training set for which the aerosol type associated
with each mass spectrum is known a priori. Our primary focus surrounds the
growing of random forests using feature selection to reduce dimensionality
and the evaluation of trained models with confusion matrices. In addition to
classifying ∼20 unique, but chemically similar, aerosol types, models
were also created to differentiate aerosol within four broader categories:
fertile soils, mineral/metallic particles, biological particles, and all other aerosols.
Differentiation was accomplished using ∼40 positive and negative
spectral features. For the broad categorization, machine learning resulted in
a classification accuracy of ∼93 %. Classification of aerosols by
specific type resulted in a classification accuracy of ∼87 %. The
“trained” model was then applied to a “blind” mixture of aerosols which
was known to be a subset of the training set. Model agreement was found on
the presence of secondary organic aerosol, coated and uncoated mineral dust,
and fertile soil.
Impacts of anthropogenic inputs on hypoxia and oxygen dynamics in the Pearl River estuary
Authors: Wang Bin , Hu Jiatang , Li Shiyu , Yu Liuqian , Huang Jia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In summer, the Pearl River estuary (PRE) experiences hypoxia, largely driven
by the high input of fresh water with low dissolved oxygen (DO), abundant
nutrients and particulate organic carbon from the Pearl River network. In
this study, we used a well-validated physical–biogeochemical model together
with a DO species-tracing method to study the responses of hypoxia and oxygen
dynamics to the anthropogenic perturbations of riverine inputs (i.e. DO,
nutrients, and particulate organic carbon) in July–August 2006. Model results
showed that hypoxia in the PRE was most sensitive to riverine inputs of
particulate organic carbon, followed by DO concentrations and nutrients.
Specifically, a 50 % decrease (increase) in riverine input of particulate
organic carbon led to a 47 % decrease (64 % increase) in hypoxic area,
with the sediment oxygen demand and water column production being the two
most important processes contributing to changes in DO concentration.
Changes in the riverine inputs of DO and nutrients had little impact on the
simulated hypoxia because of the buffering effects of re-aeration (DO fluxes
across the air–sea interface); i.e. the re-aeration responded to the changes
in surface apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) associated with river-induced
variations of oxygen source and sink processes. The PRE features shallow
waters (with averaged depth of 10 m) in which oxygen provided by the re-aeration
could penetrate to bottom waters via vertical diffusion and largely offset
the changes in DO contributed by other oxygen source and sink processes. This
study highlights the importance of re-aeration in reducing hypoxia
variability in shallow estuaries.
The role of regional feedbacks in glacial inception on Baffin Island: the interaction of ice flow and meteorology
Authors: Birch Leah , Cronin Timothy , Tziperman Eli 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Over the past 0.8 million years, 100 kyr ice ages have dominated
Earth's climate with geological evidence suggesting the last glacial
inception began in the mountains of Baffin Island. Currently,
state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs) have difficulty simulating
glacial inception, possibly due in part to their coarse horizontal resolution
and the neglect of ice flow dynamics in some models. We attempt to address
the role of regional feedbacks in the initial inception problem on Baffin
Island by asynchronously coupling the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model,
configured as a high-resolution inner domain over Baffin and an outer
domain incorporating much of North America, to an ice flow model using the
shallow ice approximation. The mass balance is calculated from WRF
simulations and used to drive the ice model, which updates the ice extent
and elevation, that then serve as inputs to the next WRF run. We drive the
regional WRF configuration using atmospheric boundary conditions from 1986
that correspond to a relatively cold summer, and with 115 kya insolation.
Initially, ice accumulates on mountain glaciers, driving downslope ice flow
which expands the size of the ice caps. However, continued iterations of the
atmosphere and ice models reveal a stagnation of the ice sheet on Baffin
Island, driven by melting due to warmer temperatures at the margins of the
ice caps. This warming is caused by changes in the regional circulation that
are forced by elevation changes due to the ice growth. A stabilizing feedback
between ice elevation and atmospheric circulation thus prevents full
inception from occurring.
Rumors of Our Deaths: Fake News, Folk News, and Far Away Moses
Authors: Winick Stephen D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper addresses the suggestion that “fake news” would be better called “folk news.” It explores the tale of the death and subsequent replacement by an impostor of a nineteenth-century celebrity, comparing that story to similar tales about Paul McCartney and Mark Twain. The legends and proverbs created in the context of these news reports suggest that “fake news” is not the same as “folk news,” largely because “folk” does not mean “fake.”
Believe Me, I’m Joking: The Dialectics of the Legend and the Dialectics of Humor
Authors: Marsh Moira 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The American public is told that they can trust what the president says, except when he is joking. Jokers do not commit to the truth of what they are saying, but they do not commit to speaking untruth either. The joking frame discounts utterances, introducing not certainty, but endless ambiguity and argument. The White House’s invocation of the joking frame is one more element in the destabilizing of epistemology and in widening political, cultural, and social divisions.
Never Remember: Fake News Turning Points and Vernacular Critiques of Bad Faith Communication
Authors: Goldstein Diane E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The February 2, 2017, false assertion by one of American President Donald Trump’s advisors of a terrorist tragedy in Bowling Green, Kentucky, has been characterized as a moment of significance that constituted a break in the “fake news clouds.” This article uses the vernacular response to the “Bowling Green Massacre” to understand the quick and decisive identification of bad faith communication and the strategic nature of resistance to hegemonic control over “fact” and “reality” in the wake of the Trump presidency. I explore the role of intertextuality, localization, and incongruity in the vernacular response to both a massacre that never happened and the overall phenomenon of fake news.
#CRISPRfacts, Gene Editing, and Joking in the Twittersphere
Authors: Lowthorp Leah 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Digital folklore offers unique insight into how the wider public is grappling with complex scientific developments in the world today. This paper explores the relationship between scientific hyperbole and public skepticism of scientific claims in an age of fake news, in an examination of a joke cycle, #CRISPRfacts, that emerged on Twitter in response to hype about the new gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9.
“My friend posted it and that’s good enough for me!”: Source Perception in Online Information Sharing
Authors: McNeill Lynne S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
One of the solutions proposed to mitigate the impact of fake news is to train readers to be more critical of the material they encounter. While critical research and reading are indeed important skills to teach, the study of legends shows us that our acquisition of information—even that which we might call “news”—often comes from informal, conversational sources rather than from activities that we would label “research.” On social media, where the line between reading and conversing is especially blurred, the vetting of sources is complicated by the perception of exactly who or what the source of the information really is.
Magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Knorr John R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Magnetic resonance angiography is a noninvasive approach to vascular study that recently has become feasible and is quickly proving its usefulness in several areas. Currently, advances are concentrated on evaluation of vessels of the head and neck. Magnetic resonance angiography has also proved valuable in evaluation of the central vasculature, including the heart. Because magnetic resonance angiography is not a single technique and the different techniques of which it is composed have their own strengths and weaknesses, it is important that clinicians, as well as radiologists, be aware of these strengths and weaknesses. Various techniques and their applications and limitations are discussed.
A primer on graduate medical education financing
Authors: Carl James M. , Knaus Ronald J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Medical education is recognized as a legitimate cost of doing business in a teaching hospital. This article outlines the general principles and concepts currently used to determine the actual amount of financial reimbursement that a hospital receives for its graduate medical education (GME) programs. Directors of Medical Education should have a solid understanding of these principles if they are to work successfully with the hospital reimbursement experts to maximize the teaching hospital's revenue. To that end, the authors detail 10 rules to ensure that all essential elements are included in the reimbursement formulas. Also considered are the nonfinancial benefits of GME of which hospital leadership must be aware so that they may understand the total contribution that GME makes to the teaching hospital.
Recognition of Hantavirus infection in the rural setting: report of first Colorado resident to survive
Authors: Posson Steven C. , Told Thomas N. , Hollar Gregory F. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Since May 1993, there has been an outbreak of an acute illness with nonspecific symptoms and signs that rapidly progresses to death. The majority of the cases identified have occurred in the rural southwestern United States, predominantly in the four-corners area comprising New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado. Findings of preliminary investigation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest that the etiologic agent is a previously unidentified strain of Hantavirus. In reported cases, infection with this virus has a very high mortality. The authors describe the primary care of the first Colorado resident of the four Coloradans infected to survive documented Hantavirus-associated disease. There are potential implications for rural healthcare delivery as rapid recognition and early intervention with supportive care could improve survival.
Literature on Pulmonary diseases
Authors: Aronson Robert M. , Greenstein Stephen I. , Schonfeld Alvin J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The following annotated bibliography has been developed for the purpose of providing primary care physicians with a handy source of review articles in the field of pulmonary diseases. Almost all of the articles are review articles of clinical topics that will be of interest to the practicing physician. JAOA will be publishing additional annotated bibliographies in various fields of internal medicine over the next several months.
Important characteristics of a director of medical education
Authors: Powell Vance D. , George Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In osteopathic graduate medical education programs, the Director of Medical Education (DME) plays the key leadership role. This article outlines critical characteristics and skills that the DME should possess to successfully perform in this role. Central to this success is a passionate commitment to osteopathic medical education and a commitment to justice and fairness.
Complications of varicella pneumonia in adults
Authors: Joseph Samuel G. , Oser Barry 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Varicella is predominantly a disease of children, in whom it typically has a benign course and outcome. However, when the disease affects adults, the complications can be life-threatening. Varicella pneumonia, secondary bacterial infection, and opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised host are the most common complications in the adult. Surveillance for these complications is mandatory because appropriate therapy may be life-saving. The introduction of specific antiviral agents may be useful in certain clinical circumstances. The authors describe two representative patients and discuss the diagnosis and treatment. They also discuss this infection in adulthood in general.
Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Within the Patient Population at a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Elshazzly Mohamed , Mnatsakanian Ani , Machiele Ryan , Aghili Roxana , Kuo Yen-Ping , Hinkelman Amy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Context
Uninsured patients living in rural areas of North Carolina have been inordinately affected by the increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the midst of severe budget cuts to treatment programs and a shortage of rural primary care physicians. The Campbell University Community Care Clinic, a self-funded, student-run clinic, provides free health care to uninsured residents of rural Harnett County. As a relatively new clinic serving a unique population, epidemiologic research is paramount to the clinic's continued efficacy.

Objective
To determine which STDs are present in this patient population and to identify demographic groups at higher risk of contracting STDs.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of patient medical records from March 1, 2015, to March 6, 2018. Records were evaluated to identify STD cases based on diagnostic information, such as primary diagnoses, positive laboratory results, and clinical indicators.

Results
A total of 449 patient records were analyzed, revealing an STD incidence rate of 5.3%, which represents a higher STD frequency than the national average of 2%. Our results identified human papillomavirus infection and gonorrhea as the most frequent STDs (n=7 [29.2%] and n=6 [25%], respectively), followed by chlamydia (n=4 [16.7%]), herpes simplex virus (n=4 [16.7%]), syphilis (n=2 [8.3%]), hepatitis C virus (n=2 [4.2%]), trichomoniasis (n=1 [4.2%]), and HIV (n=1 [4.2%]) infections. Among racial/ethnic groups, Hispanics had a slightly higher relative risk (RR) for STDs by a factor of 1.3 when normalized to the average frequency. Patients aged 26 to 29 and 30 to 39 years had a significantly higher RR for STDs: 2.1 and 2.0, respectively. Furthermore, female patients had an STD frequency 3 times that of male patients.

Conclusion
This study reveals noteworthy health risks in a rural uninsured population, including a higher rate of gonorrhea compared with national rates and a higher RR for STDs in certain demographic groups. These findings form a foundation for improvements in care through earlier STD diagnoses, effective treatment, and enhanced patient education.
Establishing a Diagnostic Technique for Coelomocentesis in the Long-Spined Sea Urchin Diadema antillarum
Authors: Martony Molly , Pouder Deborah , Yanong Roy , Kiryu Yasunari , Landsberg Jan H. , Isaza Ramiro , Waltzek Thomas , Stacy Nicole I. , Giglio Robson , Baker Shirley , Francis-Floyd Ruth 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Coelomic fluid aspiration has been utilized in echinoderms in research and clinical settings. Detailed procedural descriptions for coelomic fluid sampling in sea urchins (class Echinoidea) are lacking, and samples are prone to contamination. The objectives of this study were to (1) standardize a technique for coelomic fluid collection in long-spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum that optimizes the diagnostic quality of the sample utilizing diagnostic imaging, (2) identify coelomic fluid bacterial isolates (using Biolog GEN III MicroLog and 16s rDNA sequencing), and (3) compare positive cultures to animal weight, holding time prior to sampling, water temperature, and gross fluid appearance. Seventy Diadema antillarum from the Florida Keys collected in two groups (March and September 2015) were utilized. Positive cultures for bacterial contamination were identified in 5% and 44%, respectively, of animals in the sampling groups. Vibrio spp. was the predominant genus identified. Positive cultures were more frequent in the group with smaller-sized animals, increased holding times, and elevated water temperatures. Deviation from clear-pink gross coelomic fluid appearance did not reliably predict bacterial contamination. A standardized technique for coelomocentesis was defined. The use of the proposed coelomocentesis methodology may facilitate improved health evaluations of sea urchins and may be applicable to research, conservation efforts, and disease investigations.
Ionotronic Halide Perovskite Drift‐Diffusive Synapses for Low‐Power Neuromorphic Computation
Authors: John Rohit Abraham , Yantara Natalia , Ng Yan Fong , Narasimman Govind , Mosconi Edoardo , Meggiolaro Daniele , Kulkarni Mohit R. , Gopalakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Nguyen Chien A. , De Angelis Filippo , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmulation of brain‐like signal processing is the foundation for development of efficient learning circuitry, but few devices offer the tunable conductance range necessary for mimicking spatiotemporal plasticity in biological synapses. An ionic semiconductor which couples electronic transitions with drift‐diffusive ionic kinetics would enable energy‐efficient analog‐like switching of metastable conductance states. Here, ionic–electronic coupling in halide perovskite semiconductors is utilized to create memristive synapses with a dynamic continuous transition of conductance states. Coexistence of carrier injection barriers and ion migration in the perovskite films defines the degree of synaptic plasticity, more notable for the larger organic ammonium and formamidinium cations than the inorganic cesium counterpart. Optimized pulsing schemes facilitates a balanced interplay of short‐ and long‐term plasticity rules like paired‐pulse facilitation and spike‐time‐dependent plasticity, cardinal for learning and computing. Trained as a memory array, halide perovskite synapses demonstrate reconfigurability, learning, forgetting, and fault tolerance analogous to the human brain. Network‐level simulations of unsupervised learning of handwritten digit images utilizing experimentally derived device parameters, validates the utility of these memristors for energy‐efficient neuromorphic computation, paving way for novel ionotronic neuromorphic architectures with halide perovskites as the active material.
Reliable Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Plasmonic Nanostructures Based on Seedless Pulsed Electrodeposition
Authors: Mueller Aaron D. , Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Zhang Dao Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStrong plasmonic resonance in the visible spectrum requires high aspect ratio metallic resonators with deep subwavelength dimensions, which find applications as part of a cost‐effective and practical optics‐based sensing platform. Electrodeposition is a highly suitable method for fabricating such structures as it allows deposition of metals with much larger thickness and better morphology than that achieved by physical deposition. Herein are presented an in‐depth study of pulsed electrodeposition of a gold film directly onto a transparent substrate without a seed layer and the development of a reliable and efficient fabrication method for high aspect ratio metallic nanostructures with sub‐10 nm features. Based on this approach, a low‐cost fabrication of sub‐100 nm metallic nanostructures is demonstrated with a very high deposition rate (up to 7 nm per pulse), yet with good surface morphology. Specifically, high aspect ratio rotationally symmetric plasmonic nanostructures suitable for a practical sensing platform are realized, exhibiting strong resonances in the visible spectrum with Q factors as high as 10 under unpolarized excitation.