bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers predict frontotemporal dementia trajectory
Authors: Ljubenkov Peter A. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Rojas Julio C. , Allen Isabel E. , Wang Ping , Heuer Hilary , Karydas Anna , Kornak John , Cobigo Yann , Seeley William W. , Grinberg Lea T. , Spina Salvatore , Fagan Anne M. , Jerome Gina , Knopman David , Boeve Brad F. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Kramer Joel , Miller Bruce , Boxer Adam L. , Rosen Howard J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain, total tau, phosphorylated tau181, and amyloid beta1‐42was examined in frontotemporal dementia subtypes.MethodsWe compared baseline biomarkers between 49 controls, 40 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, 24 with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, and 26 with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess the value of baseline biomarkers in predicting clinical and radiographic change in patient cohorts over multiple yearly follow up visits.ResultsNeurofilament light chain concentrations were lowest in controls. Elevated baseline neurofilament light chain predicted faster worsening in clinical severity, frontotemporal volume and frontotemporal fractional anisotropy in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. High total tau similarly predicted faster progression in nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. In behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, higher phosphorylated tau181predicted faster clinical progression whereas lower amyloid beta1‐42predicted faster volumetric and fractional anisotropy reduction. Neurofilament light chain and phosphorylated tau181were of greater predictive value in patients with tau pathology as compared toTDP‐43 pathology. Baseline neurofilament light chain correlated with baseline clinical severity and frontotemporal volume in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Baseline total tau correlated with baseline clinical severity in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.InterpretationHigh cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain predicts more aggressive disease in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia. Total tau, phosphorylated tau181, and amyloid beta1‐42also predict some measures of disease aggressiveness in frontotemporal dementia.
Efficiently Controlling the 3D Thermal Conductivity of a Polymer Nanocomposite via a Hyperelastic Double‐Continuous Network of Graphene and Sponge
Authors: Qin Mengmeng , Xu Yuxiao , Cao Rong , Feng Wei , Chen Li 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGraphene‐reinforced polymer composites with high thermal conductivity show attractive prospects as thermal transfer materials in many applications such as intelligent robotic skin. However, for the most reported composites, precise control of the thermal conductivity is not easily achieved, and the improvement efficiency is usually low. To effectively control the 3D thermal conductivity of graphene‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites, a hyperelastic double‐continuous network of graphene and sponge is developed. The structure (orientation, density) and thermal conductivity (in‐plane, cross‐plane) of the resulting composites can be effectively controlled by adjusting the preparation and deformation parameters (unidirectional, multidirectional) of the network. Based on the experimental and theoretical simulation results, the thermal conduction mechanism is summarized as a two‐stage transmission of phonons. The in‐plane thermal conductivity increases from 0.175 to 1.68 W m−1 K−1 when the directional compression ratio increases from 0% to 95%, and the corresponding enhancement efficiency exceeds 300. The 3D thermal conductivity reaches a maximum of 2.19 W m−1 K−1 when the compression ratio is 70% in three directions, and the graphene content is 4.82 wt%. Moreover, the thermal conduction network can be largely prepared by power‐driven roller equipment, making the composite an ideal candidate for sensitive robotic skin for temperature detection.
Aminopeptidase‐N‐activated Theranostic Prodrug for NIR Tracking of Local Tumor Chemotherapy
Authors: Xiao Ming , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Cao Jianfang , Li Yueqing , Shao Kun , Li Miao , Li Xiaojing , Kang Yao , Zhang Wendi , Long Saran , Du Jianjun , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of molecular theranostic prodrugs for in vivo cancer diagnosis and targeted chemotherapy is urgently required. Enzyme‐activated prodrugs display superior selectivity as a result of cancer‐specific enzymes which serve as cancer biomarkers. Herein, an aminopeptidase N (APN)‐activated theranostic prodrug Nile blue‐C6‐amide‐p‐fluorophenylalanyl‐l‐melphalanyl (NBFMel) is reported for fluorescence cancer diagnosis and local tumor treatment. NBFMel demonstrates negligible cytotoxicity and very weak fluorescence due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between melphalan and Nile blue fluorophore. After activation caused by APN, the prodrug releases free melphalan that inhibits tumor cell growth. Simultaneously, the reaction blocks the PET process and switches on the fluorescence, which can be used for cancer diagnosis. NBFMel is successfully utilized to report the presence of tumor and for in situ tracking of drug release in tumor‐bearing mouse models. Moreover, NBFMel demonstrates efficient tumor inhibition when intravenously injected into mice. Therefore, the APN‐activated theranostic prodrug provides a new platform for in vivo cancer diagnosis and targeted anticancer chemotherapy.
The Biomedical Use of Silk: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Holland Chris , Numata Keiji , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Seib F. Philipp 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHumans have long appreciated silk for its lustrous appeal and remarkable physical properties, yet as the mysteries of silk are unraveled, it becomes clear that this outstanding biopolymer is more than a high‐tech fiber. This progress report provides a critical but detailed insight into the biomedical use of silk. This journey begins with a historical perspective of silk and its uses, including the long‐standing desire to reverse engineer silk. Selected silk structure–function relationships are then examined to appreciate past and current silk challenges. From this, biocompatibility and biodegradation are reviewed with a specific focus of silk performance in humans. The current clinical uses of silk (e.g., sutures, surgical meshes, and fabrics) are discussed, as well as clinical trials (e.g., wound healing, tissue engineering) and emerging biomedical applications of silk across selected formats, such as silk solution, films, scaffolds, electrospun materials, hydrogels, and particles. The journey finishes with a look at the roadmap of next‐generation recombinant silks, especially the development pipeline of this new industry for clinical use.
Dissipative Self‐Assembly of Anisotropic Nanoparticle Chains with Combined Electrodynamic and Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Nan Fan , Han Fei , Scherer Norbert F. , Yan Zijie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDissipative self‐assembly of colloidal nanoparticles offers the prospect of creating reconfigurable artificial materials and systems, yet the phenomenon only occurs far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore, it is usually difficult to predict and control. Here, a dissipative colloidal solution system, where anisotropic chains with different interparticle separations in two perpendicular directions transiently arise among largely disordered silver nanoparticles illuminated by a laser beam, is reported. The optical field creates a nonequilibrium dissipative state, where a disorder‐to‐order transition occurs driven by anisotropic electrodynamic interactions coupled with electrostatic interactions. Investigation of the temporal dynamics and spatial arrangements of the nanoparticle system shows that the optical binding strength and entropy of the system are two crucial parameters for the formation of the anisotropic chains and responsible for adaptive behaviors, such as self‐replication of dimer units. Formation of anisotropic nanoparticle chains is also observed among colloidal nanoparticles made from other metal (e.g., Au), polymer (e.g., polystyrene), ceramic (e.g., CeO2), and hybrid materials (e.g., SiO2@Au core–shell), suggesting that light‐driven self‐organization will provide a wide range of opportunities to discover new dissipative structures under thermal fluctuations and build novel anisotropic materials with nanoscale order.
Stretchable Structural Color Filters Based on a Metal–Insulator–Metal Structure
Authors: Ordinario David D. , Jinno Hiroaki , Nayeem Md Osman Goni , Tachibana Yutaro , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractColor filters play a big role in a large number of modern technologies such as displays, sensors, and photovoltaics. In particular, structural color filters possess a number of advantages like high tolerance to heat, resistance to photodegradation, and long‐term stability that make them a promising choice for potential future optics‐based applications. In the field of flexible electronics, there are many sensors either reliant on optical phenomena or containing simple optical elements that are demonstrably flexible enough to adhere to uneven, deformable surfaces. Such devices require any integrated components to have similar or better mechanical properties. Here, ultrathin, stretchable, and flexible structural color filters based on a simple metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure are investigated. The filters are fabricated on 1.3 µm ultrathin substrates, feature a minimum bending radius of 5 µm, and can be made to transmit any color in the visible range. Similar levels of performance to existing freestanding flexible color filters are maintained, with transmission degradation of no more than 2% after 1000 stretching or bending cycles. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating color filters possessing mechanical properties compatible with current state‐of‐the‐art flexible and/or wearable technologies.
Visible Light‐Induced Aerobic Oxidative −H Arylation of Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Li Shilin , Yang Xiaorong , Wang Yunwei , Zhou Huang , Zhang Boyang , Huang Ganxing , Zhang Yuan , Li Ying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA direct aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling reaction of glycine derivatives with electron‐rich arenes has been accomplished via the synergistic combination of organic‐dye mediated photoredox catalysis and Lewis acid catalysis. This process exhibits good tolerance of functional groups and provides rapid synthesis of arylglycine derivatives at room temperature under an air atmosphere. Moreover, this protocol could be performed on a 10 mmol scale, without obvious reduction of the yield.magnified image
A Simple Aliphatic Diamine Auxiliary for Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Unactivated β‐C(sp3)‐H Bonds
Authors: Lou Jiang , Wang Quannan , He Yuan , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed β‐C(sp3)‐H arylation of aliphatic acid derivatives was achieved by means of 2‐dimethylaminoethylamine auxiliary as a directing group. The β‐C(sp3)‐H arylation reactions with aryl and heteroaryl iodides efficiently afforded the corresponding arylated hydrocinnamic acid derivatives. Direct β‐C(sp3)‐H alkynylation, and arene C−H arylation and alkynylation were also realized under the same or slightly modified conditions. The aliphatic diamine auxiliary in the products could be readily removed by methanol in the presence of BF3 ⋅ OEt2. In comparison with the widely used bidentate nitrogen‐containing directing groups, 2‐dimethylaminoethylamine is a simple, cheap, readily available and removable, and atom‐economical directing group for C−H functionalization.magnified image
Enhancement of Conductivity and Thermoelectric Property of PEDOT:PSS via Acid Doping and Single Post‐Treatment for Flexible Power Generator
Authors: Wang Chen , Sun Kuan , Fu Jiehao , Chen Rui , Li Meng , Zang Zhigang , Liu Xixia , Li Bichen , Gong Hao , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising thermoelectric (TE) material. Nonetheless, its practical application is hindered by the poor TE properties of the pristine PEDOT:PSS and complicated treatment procedures. Enhancing its electrical conductivity is a key step for the improvement of TE properties. Here, a simple method is introduced to enhance the conductivity by adding sulfonic acid into the PEDOT:PSS solution. A systematic study of representative sulfonic acids with various functional groups suggests that steric effect induced by the functional groups has remarkable impact on the conductivity. The highest conductivity of 1996 S cm−1 is observed in benzenesulfonic acid‐doped PEDOT:PSS films. The doped PEDOT:PSS films are further treated with dimethyl sulfoxide and hydrazine successively or synchronously to tune the oxidation level. A maximum power factor (PF) of 203.1 µW m−1 K−2 is obtained. The high PF of treated PEDOT:PSS allows the realization of a flexible thermoelectric generator, which can generate 4.6 mV thermovoltage when attached on human skin. It also shows a good linear response with the increase of temperature difference; thus, it can be potentially used as a flexible thermal sensor. The facile fabrication process and good TE performance provide PEDOT:PSS an opportunity in wearable electronics.
Fracture Properties of Graphene‐Coated Silicon for Photovoltaics
Authors: Javvaji Brahmanandam , Budarapu Pattabhi Ramaiah , Paggi Marco , Zhuang Xiaoying , Rabczuk Timon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe possibility of replacing the conductive gridline deposited on solar cells by highly electrically conductive graphene is opening new perspectives for the future generation of photovoltaics. Besides enhanced electric performance, graphene can also have a role in the resistance of silicon against cracking. Here, the influence of depositing graphene on the silicon surface, on the fracture properties of silicon, is investigated. To pin‐point the influence of graphene, fracture properties estimated from molecular dynamics simulations of three different cases in uniaxial tension are compared. In the first case, the fracture properties of silicon alone are estimated in relation to different initial defect sizes. Second, the same simulations are repeated by depositing graphene on the silicon surface. Atomic interactions in the composite structure are modeled using the combined adaptive inter‐molecular reactive empirical bond order (AIREBO) and Tersoff potential functions. Improvement of about 780% in the Young's modulus of silicon is achieved after coating with graphene. Furthermore, to study the influence of realistic initial defects in graphene, a third set of simulations is considered by repeating the previous tests but with initial cracks through graphene and silicon. Predictions show that graphene can be highly beneficial in strengthening and repairing micro‐cracked silicon to decrease electrical power losses caused by cracks.
Highly Improved Switching Properties in Flexible Aluminum Oxide Resistive Memories Based on a Multilayer Device Structure
Authors: Jang Jingon , Choi Han‐Hyeong , Paik Sung Hoon , Kim Jai Kyeong , Chung Seungjun , Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMultilayer aluminum oxide (Al2O3) resistive memory devices, exhibiting robust switching properties fabricated on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate using only physical vapor deposition methods at room temperature, are reported here. Improved reliability and robust switching properties of the multilayer Al2O3 memory devices are observed compared to those of the single‐layer devices, with the assistance of a guide filament formed in the bottom Al2O3 resistive layer. The multilayer Al2O3 resistive memory devices exhibit nonvolatile and bipolar resistive switching properties with high ON/OFF ratio (>104), DC sweep endurance cycles (>700), statistical uniformity, and retention times (2 × 104 s). The role of the guide filament in the multilayer structure is identified in the non‐rewritable properties of the bottom layer device, increased reset current values, and spatial temperature distribution simulation. Thus, the formation sites of the switchable filament in the top Al2O3 layer can be specified by the guide filament, resulting in remarkable improvement of reproducibility with more robust metallic percolation paths. The reliable resistive switching properties in flexible conditions is also evaluated in a bent radius of 10 mm, and the suggested flexible multilayer memory devices can provide promising strategies to be utilized in future practical storage media.
Polyoxometalates‐Modulated Reduced Graphene Oxide Flash Memory with Ambipolar Trapping as Bidirectional Artificial Synapse
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Pan Jingyi , Fu Jingjing , Zhu Xin , Zhang Chen , Zhou Li , Wang Yan , Lv Ziyu , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEmploying flash memories that function as the analogue synapse cleft for implementation of neural systems is a popular approach. For practical application in synapse mimicking, ambipolar trapping of both holes and electrons enables the weight updated linearity, symmetric conductivity variation, and desired variation margin, which are consistent with biological synapse. Nevertheless, most of the flash memory exhibits unipolar charge trapping behavior. Here, the first polyoxometalates (POMs)‐modulated reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐based flash memory with ambipolar charge trapping characteristics is reported. Keggin type [PW12O40]3− (PW) is selected to function as both catalyst for in situ photoreduction of the graphene oxide (GO) into RGO under UV illumination and electron trapping sites. The electrons accepting property of PW induces energy level realignment between the PW/RGO interface and the subsequent ambipolar charge trapping. Furthermore, the selected features of biological synaptic behavior, including short‐term plasticity and long‐term plasticity as well as paired pulse facilitation and depression, are mimicked. It is worth noting that almost symmetrical potentiation and depression synaptic behavior is obtained. This work provides new opportunities to realize reconfigurable characteristics of electronic devices via engineering of POMs, which is significantly meaningful to emerging artificial intelligence.
Fused‐Ring Nonfullerene Acceptor Forming Interpenetrating J‐Architecture for Fullerene‐Free Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Dong , Liu Wenxu , Yao Jiannian , Zhan Chuanlang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn interesting and important question emerges with the rapid advances of the highly efficient fused‐ring nonfullerene acceptors; that is, how the acceptor molecules form aggregates in its blended film with a donor polymer/small molecule so as to offer highly efficient exciton diffusion and electron transport? To answer this question, a new acceptor molecule, 3,9‐bis(5‐methylene‐4‐one‐6‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐cyclopenta[c]thiophen‐2,8‐dimethyl)‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐n‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (ITCT‐DM), is designed and synthesized herein and its unique interpenetrating J‐architecture is presented in which the acceptor molecules form compacted and displaced ππ‐stacks with the distances of 3.1−4.2 Ǻ. Again the crystal structure data are correlated with the grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) data of the pure acceptor and its polymer:acceptor blended films, which gives a clearer picture about the origins of the acceptor's GIXRD signals in both the pure and its blended films. Again, these results unveil the key roles of the uses of 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) and thermal annealing treatment in optimizing the acceptor phase morphologies in the donor:acceptor blended film, and the combination of the thermal annealing and DIO treatment leads to obtain higher crystallinity for both the donor and acceptor phases, more compacted packing, and finer morphologies. A power conversion efficiency of 10.5% is obtained.
A Nonfullerene Semitransparent Tandem Organic Solar Cell with 10.5% Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Chen Shangshang , Yao Huatong , Hu Bo , Zhang Guangye , Arunagiri Lingeswaran , Ma Lik‐Kuen , Huang Jiachen , Zhang Jianquan , Zhu Zonglong , Bai Fujin , Ma Wei , Yan He 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells have great potential for building integrated photovoltaics and power‐generating windows owing to their advantages of light weight, mechanical flexibility, and color tunability. However, the performance of previous semitransparent organic solar cells have been limited by their relatively weak optical absorptions. In this paper, an efficient nonfullerene semitransparent tandem organic solar cell that exhibits a broad absorption from 300 to 1000 nm is reported. The rear subcell is based on a narrow‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptor named IEICS‐4F that exhibits a strong crystallinity and high electron mobility. As a result, the IEICS‐4F‐based single‐junction opaque and semitransparent organic solar cells yield high efficiencies of 10.3% and 7.5%, respectively. To further enhance light harvesting of the single‐junction semitransparent organic solar cells while maintaining a decent transmittance, a semitransparent tandem organic solar cell is fabricated by incorporating a medium‐bandgap P3TEA:FTTB‐PDI4 blend as the front subcell. A high efficiency of 10.5% is recorded with an average transmittance of 20%.
Shortcut Scheme for One‐Step Implementation of a Three‐Qubit Nonadiabatic Holonomic Gate
Authors: Huang Bi‐Hua , Kang Yi‐Hao , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Song Jie , Xia Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has attracted increasing interest because of its robustness. Here, based on the shortcuts to adiabaticity, a scheme to construct a three‐qubit nonadiabatic holonomic gate in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system is proposed. In the scheme, the three‐qubit holonomic gate is implemented in a single step. In addition, by numerical simulations, it is shown that the constructed holonomic quantum gate holds characteristics such as high fidelity, decoherence‐resistance, and error‐immunity.
Novel 2D Germanene Dioxide Monolayers: Mechanical Properties, Hole‐Mobility Values, and Carrier Mobility
Authors: Dou Yan‐Mei , Ji Wei‐Xiao , Zhang Shu‐Feng , Zhang Chang‐Wen , Li Ping , Wang Pei‐Ji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing first‐principles calculations, 2D germanene dioxide monolayers of freestanding and well‐ordered GeO 4 tetrahedrons (4‐GD) and GeO 6 tetrahedrons (6‐GD) building blocks are found to be stable. 4‐GD is formed by corner‐sharing GeO 4 tetrahedrons in a rectangular network, and 6‐GD consists of edge‐sharing GeO 6 octahedrons. However, the insulating 6‐GD is the strongest germanene dioxide monolayer with an energy difference of −4.93 eV, and can therefore play the role of a supporting substrate for nanostructures in sensing and catalytic applications. The bandgap of 4‐GD monolayers is 2.8 eV, and 6‐GD has slightly larger bandgaps of about 3.5 eV regardless of the chirality and width. It is found that both the imaginary part of the dielectric function and the absorption spectrum exhibit a consistent bandgap with the electronic structure diagram, suggesting the possibility of its use as an optical detector for ultraviolet light. Carrier mobility can be observed along the x and y directions; a maximum of 1.20 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 is observed. Their thermal stability can be confirmed by molecular dynamics at 300 and 500 K, suggesting that the novel 2D structures have a stable existence.