bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we expand the borders in active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer?
Authors: Islamoglu Ekrem , Kisa Erdem , Yucel Cem , Celik Orcun , Cakmak Ozgur , Yalbuzdag Okan , Kozacıoglu Zafer 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: We assessed the outcomes of men with low-risk prostate cancer enrolled in active surveillance. Methods: From January 2008, patients in our clinic who were classified as having low-risk prostate cancer according to the D’Amico classification were included in the protocol. Follow-up consisted of regular prostate-specific antigen tests, digital rectal examinations and biopsies. Outcomes were compared between men who progressed and those who did not, and survival analysis was obtained. Results: The mean follow-up period was 46 months. A total of six patients received curative treatment during follow-up as a result of meeting progression criteria. The mean follow-up time from the beginning of active surveillance until curative therapy was 27.1 months. Four of our 64 patients lost their lives due to diseases other than prostate cancer, none of the patients were lost due to prostate cancer. When patients who showed progression and those who did not were compared in terms of positive core numbers and the core tumour percentage we found no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) Conclusion: Active surveillance seems to be a safe and feasible practice in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Gleason score, clinical stage and initial prostate-specific antigen seem to be the most definite criteria for the selection of patients, while it is thought that the number of positive cores is a matter that can be dealt with more flexibility. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Vitamin D Insufficiency Among Professional Basketball Players: A Relationship to Fracture Risk and Athletic Performance
Authors: Grieshober Jason A. , Mehran Nima , Photopolous Christos , Fishman Matthew , Lombardo Stephen J. , Kharrazi F. Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Background: Vitamin D is believed to play a role in influencing fracture risk and athletic performance. Insufficiency of vitamin D affects an estimated three-quarters of the United States population. Hypovitaminosis D has also been demonstrated to be quite common among professional basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Purpose: To determine whether a relationship exists between vitamin D levels and fracture risk and athletic performance (as measured by NBA draft status) among elite basketball players. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data were obtained from the NBA regarding combine participants from 2009 through 2013. This information included vitamin D level, demographic information, fracture history, and NBA draft status. The data were analyzed to determine associations between vitamin D level and fracture risk and NBA draft status. Results: Vitamin D levels were measured for 279 players at the NBA Combine from 2009 through 2013. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was seen in 32.3% of athletes, vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) was seen in 41.2%, and sufficient levels of vitamin D (>30 ng/mL) were present in only 26.5%. A total of 118 players had a history of at least 1 fracture. Vitamin D level was not predictive of fracture risk. Contrary to our hypothesis, players with a history of stress fracture had a significantly greater mean vitamin D level than those without such history (30.7 vs 25.1 ng/mL; P = .04). A majority (79.6%) of participants were selected in the NBA draft. Players with deficient vitamin D levels had a significantly lower rate of being drafted into the NBA ( P = .027). The NBA draft rate was found to increase with increasing levels of vitamin D ( P = .007). Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is quite common among NBA Combine participants, affecting 73.5%. While no significant relationship was found between vitamin D level and fracture history, patients with a history of stress fracture had significantly greater mean vitamin D levels. Additionally, participants with greater vitamin D levels were more likely to be drafted into the NBA. This information supports the potential role of vitamin D in influencing athletic performance.
New minerals with modular structure derived from hatrurite from the pyrometamorphic rocks. Part IV: Dargaite, BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3, from Nahal Darga, Palestinian Autonomy
Authors: Galuskina Irina O. , Gfeller Frank , Galuskin Evgeny V. , Armbruster Thomas , Vapnik Yevgeny , Dulski Mateusz , Gardocki Mariusz , Jeżak Lidia , Murashko Mikhail 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDargaite, ideally BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3, is an additional member of the arctite group belonging to minerals with a modular intercalated antiperovskite structure derived from hatrurite. The holotype specimen was found at a small outcrop of larnite pseudoconglomerates in the Judean Mts, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy. Larnite, fluorellestadite–fluorapatite, brownmillerite, fluormayenite–fluorkyuygenite and ye'elimite are the main minerals of the holotype specimen; ternesite, shulamitite and periclase are noted rarely. Dargaite, nabimusaite and gazeevite occur in linear zones with higher porosity within larnite rocks. Pores are filled with ettringite and Ca-hydrosilicates, less commonly with gibbsite, brucite, baryte, katoite and calciolangbeinite. Dargaite is colourless, transparent with a white streak and has a vitreous lustre. It exhibits pronounced parting and imperfect cleavage along (001). Mohs’ hardness is ~4.5–5.5. The empirical formula is (Ba0.72K0.24Na0.04)Σ1(Ca11.95Mg0.04Na0.01)Σ12([SiO4]0.91[PO4]0.05[AlO4]0.03[Ti4+O4]0.01)Σ4([SO4]0.84[PO4]0.14[CO3]0.02)Σ2(O2.54F0.46)Σ3. Dargaite is trigonalR$\overline 3 $m, the unit-cell parameters are:a= 7.1874(4) Å,c= 41.292(3) Å,V= 1847.32(19) Å3andZ= 3. The crystal structure of dargaite was refined from X-ray single-crystal data toR1= 3.79%. The calculated density is 3.235 g cm–3. The following main Raman bands are distinguished on the holotype dargaite (cm–1): 122, 263, 323, 464, 523, 563, 641 and 644, 829 and 869, 947, 991 and 1116. The formation conditions of dargaite are linked to the local occurrence of pyrometamorphic by-products (gases, fluids and melts) transforming earlier mineral associations at ~900°C.
Identification of key lipids critical for platelet activation by comprehensive analysis of the platelet lipidome
Authors: Peng Bing , Geue Sascha , Coman Cristina , Münzer Patrick , Kopczynski Dominik , Has Canan , Hoffmann Nils , Manke Mailin-Christin , Lang Florian , Sickmann Albert , Gawaz Meinrad , Borst Oliver , Ahrends Robert 
Published: May 2018

Key PointsFirst quantitative analysis of dynamic platelet lipidome modulation reveals key lipids altered in platelet activation. Lipidomics in a knockout approach unravel SMPD1 as a powerful modulator of platelet lipidome and activation via regulation of SPC.
Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of severe burn patients: results of a retrospective multicenter study in China, 2011–2015
Authors: Tian Hao , Wang Liangxi , Xie Weiguo , Shen Chuanan , Guo Guanghua , Liu Jiaqi , Han Chunmao , Ren Licheng , Liang Yi , Tang Yong , Wang Yuan , Yin Meifang , Zhang Jiaping , Huang Yuesheng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Severe burns injury is a serious pathology, leading to teratogenicity and significant mortality, and it also has a long-term social impact. The aim of this article is to describe the hospitalized population with severe burns injuries in eight burn centers in China between 2011 and 2015 and to suggest future preventive strategies.

Methods
This 5-year retrospective review included all patients with severe burns in a database at eight institutions. The data collected included gender, age, month distribution, etiology, location, presence of inhalation injury, total burn surface area, depth of the burn, the length of hospitalization, and mortality. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.

Results
A total of 1126 patients were included: 803 (71.3%) male patients and 323 (28.7%) female patients. Scalds were the most common cause of burns (476, 42.27%), followed by fire (457, 40.59%). The extremities were the most frequently affected areas, followed by the trunk. The median length of hospitalization was 30 (15, 52) days. The overall mortality rate was 14.21%.

Conclusions
Although medical centers have devoted intensive resources to improving the survival rates of burn patients, expenditures for prevention and education programs are minimal. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the importance of prevention and the reduction of injury severity. This study may contribute to the establishment of a nationwide burn database and the elaboration of strategies to prevent severe burns injury.
A closed system irrigation & drainage technique for surgical evacuation of chronic subdural haematomas
Authors: Kareem Haider , Adams Hadie 
Published: May 2018

Background: Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH), is a common neurosurgical disorder that is associated with morbidity and mortality affecting the ageing population. The aim is to present the treatment experience of CSDH patients treated with a technique that combines the classical single burr-hole irrigation and the continuous closed system drainage: The closed system irrigation & drainage (CSID) technique. Methods: The cases undergoing CSDH evacuation with the CSID method were captured over a 4-year period at a tertiary neurosurgical centre. The authors describe the performance of this methods with respect to post-operative clinical and radiological features, including recurrence rates, complications, and length of stay. Results: A total of 36 cases undergoing 42 CSID procedures (30 unilateral and 6 bilateral CSDHs) were performed, in cases ranging between 55-95 years old (median age 79 years). The rate of recurrence or significant ruminant blood in the subdural space on post-operative imaging was 11% (n=4). No cases of pneumocephalus were observed in this series (n=0). The mean (SD) skin-to-skin time for this procedure was 13.4 (4.4) minutes, with a mean (SD) length of stay of 4 (1.9) days. Conclusion: We conclude that the one burr-hole closed system irrigation and drainage technique with a sub-periosteal drain seems to be a simple, effective and safe procedure for treatment of CSDH. It’s well tolerated under local anaesthesia for patients with high co-morbidities and these preliminary results indicated it may potentially be a better option for treatment of CSDH with a lower rate of post-operative complications.
Trends and birth outcomes in adolescent refugees and migrants on the Thailand-Myanmar border, 1986-2016: an observational study
Authors: Parker Amber L. , Parker Daniel M. , Zan Blooming Night , Min Aung Myat , Gilder Mary Ellen , Ringringulu Maxime , Win Elsi , Wiladphaingern Jacher , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Nosten François , Lee Sue J. , McGready Rose 
Published: May 2018

Background: Currently there are more adolescents (10-19 years old) and young adults (20-24 years old) than ever. Reproductive health among this age group is often overlooked, although it can have a profound impact on the future. This is especially the case in conflict zones and refugee settings, where there is a heightened need for reproductive health care, and where both the resources and possibility for data collation are usually limited. Methods: Here we report on pregnancies, birth outcomes and risk factors for repeat pregnancies among adolescent and young adult refugees and migrants from antenatal clinics on the Thailand-Myanmar border across a 30 year time span. Results: Pregnancy and fertility rates were persistently high. Compared with 20-24-year-olds, 15-19-year-olds who reported being unable to read had 2.35 (CI: 1.97 – 2.81) times the odds for repeat pregnancy (gravidity >2). In primigravidae, the proportion of small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm births (PTB), and neonatal deaths (NND) decreased with increasing maternal age (all p <0.001). After adjustment, this association retained significance for PTB (cut-off point, ≤18 years) but not for SGA and NND. Conclusions: There is considerable room for improvement in adolescent pregnancy rates in these border populations, and educational opportunities may play a key role in effective interventions.
Multiperiod Stock Allocation via Robust Optimization
Authors: Jackson Peter L. , Muckstadt John A. , Li Yuexing 
Published: May 2018

We consider a one-warehouse, N-retailer, multiperiod, stock allocation problem in which holding costs are identical at each location and no stock is received from outside suppliers for the duration of the planning horizon. No shipments are allowed between retailers. The only motive for holding inventory at the central warehouse for allocation in future periods is the so-called risk pooling motive. We apply robust optimization to this problem extending the inventory policy to allow for an adaptive, nonanticipatory shipment policy. We consider two alternatives for the uncertainty set, one in which risk pooling is implicit and another for which risk pooling is explicit. The explicit risk pooling uncertainty set grows by no more than the square of the number of retailers. The general problem can be solved using Benders’ decomposition. A special case gives rise to closed-form solutions for both uncertainty set alternatives. The explicit risk pooling uncertainty set leads to a square root law in which the optimal stock to reserve at the central warehouse grows with the square root of the number of retailers. The experimental results confirm the value of the robust optimization approach and provide managerial insights into the operation of such systems. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Can school attachment modify the relation between foster care placement and school achievement?
Authors: Engh Lisbet , Jernbro Carolina , Lin Ping-I , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf , Eriksson Ulla-Britt 
Published: May 2018

The aim of this research is to examine the relation between school attachment and school achievement and foster care placement. A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 20 340 pupils in Sweden, aged 10, 13 and 16 years, 252 of the children were placed in foster care. Data on children's health, school attachment and school achievement were obtained from the Pupil Health Database. The results show that school achievement was significantly poorer for children in foster care than for other children, but only when they had low school attachment. When they had high school attachment, there was no difference in school achievement between the groups. Therefore, the results of this study suggests that school attachment could modify the relation between foster care placement and school achievement. The interaction effect was statistically significant after adjusting for age and sex. By promoting school attachment for children in foster care through creating supportive relations and a friendly school environment, the school achievement can be improved.
The dentist's role in smoking cessation management – a literature review and recommendations: part 2
Authors: Keat Ross M , Fricain Jean-Christophe , Catros Sylvain , Monteiro Luis , da Silva Luis Martins , Freitas Marcio Diniz , Brandariz Angel , Lodi Giovanni , Pispero Alberto , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Khan Zahid , Albuquerque Rui 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: By utilizing the ‘stages of change’ approach to smoking cessation an individual's willingness to quit smoking can be ascertained, with provision of knowledge on potential interventions empowering patients to make their own decisions on cessation modalities. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) can reduce physical cravings, pharmacotherapies can reduce the desire to smoke, stop smoking services can provide smokers with interpersonal support and electronic cigarettes are increasing in popularity but cannot be recommended as a completely safe way of delivering nicotine. Interpersonal support in combination with NRT and/or pharmacotherapy is the safest and most successful method of smoking cessation. The authors are developing an online resource to assist with smoking cessation advice. It is available at http://www.smokingcessationtraining.com/ . CPD/Clinical Relevance: For a patient who is amenable to brief cessation advice, the stages of change model allows the dentist to adapt brief advice to the patient's current circumstances. By improving knowledge of smoking cessation modalities, the dentist can answer any simple questions the patient may have, signposting them towards specialist cessation centres when appropriate.
Cognitive behavioural therapy and the adolescent patient
Authors: Marshman Zoe , Kirby Jen , Rodd Helen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Dental anxiety is common in adolescents and is associated with poor oral health status and worse oral health-related quality of life. As these patients move into adulthood, they may continue to be reliant on pharmacological approaches in order to cope with dental treatment and only attend when they have a problem. Managing anxious adolescents is also a source of stress for dental practitioners. This article describes how cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be used to reduce dental anxiety in this group of patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article provides an overview of cognitive behavioural therapy and gives practical guidance on how such approaches can be used with adolescents.
The role of dentists in management of snoring with oral appliances
Authors: Johal Ama , Desai Aditi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: This paper aims to highlight the importance of dentists in the management of sleep-related breathing disorders through the provision of mandibular advancement appliances (MAAs). An update on the use of MAA therapy is provided with respect to current clinical practice guidelines, their mode of action, selection and an awareness of their relative advantages and disadvantages, along with follow-up and practical aspects to their provision. CPD/Clinical Relevance: With the increasing recognition of the role of mandibular advancement appliances in the management of sleep-related breathing disorders, the importance of trained dentists in what is recognized as Dental Sleep Medicine is highlighted in this update.
The ultimate aesthetic challenge in dentistry: a single crown on a maxillary central incisor
Authors: Manhart Juergen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Optical impairments of teeth in the aesthetic zone constitute a problem for many patients. Modern dentistry offers a large variety of different treatment options for aesthetic challenges in the anterior dentition, such as tooth bleaching, direct composite restorations, ceramic veneers or all-ceramic crowns, depending on characteristics and severity of dental defects or tooth decay. This case report documents the preparation and restoration of an upper central incisor with a glass ceramic crown. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Successful anterior crowns need a precise fit and functional adaptation but also an excellent aesthetic integration into neighbouring dental structures.
Child cancers: managing the complications of childhood chemotherapy in the adult dentition
Authors: Rizvi Naureen , Kelleher Martin G D , Majithia Milan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Young children who are unfortunate enough to suffer from a malignant disease are often treated with chemotherapy. This selectively toxic treatment keeps them alive but, in many cases, the effects on the developing dental structures can be very serious. Robust evidence is limited on how to manage the dental issues of the surviving patients later on in their lives. This article demonstrates some interesting malformations of teeth produced by the malignant disease or by the chemotherapy early in life. It offers some pragmatic ideas on solving some of these dental problems without destroying the already much reduced tooth tissue. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article enables clinicians to appreciate the long-term effects of chemotherapy on the dental development of young cancer victims and outlines subsequent management using minimally destructive, pragmatic, bonded composite restorations.
Skill mix – the challenges for practice
Authors: Cannell Phillip 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Skill mix is a term that has started to appear in the dental arena over the last few years. The intention of this article is to enable the reader to appreciate what the term means, its relationship to the scope of practice of the various members of the dental team, offer a consideration of the economics of using a broad skill mix approach within primary care dental practice, and consider possible implications that skill mix may have on the delivery of dental services to our patients in the future. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article will assist those involved in the delivery of dental services to patients within the practice setting, to appreciate some of the opportunities as well as challenges that exist in utilizing a skill mix approach, as well as considering further potential changes that it may bring about in the delivery of care to patients in the future.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia – a diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Shabir Aisha , Cymerman James , Jay Amrita , Jawad Susan , Morley Simon , Liew Colin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: A case of necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is presented in a female patient, who initially presented as a suspected head and neck malignancy. This relatively rare condition holds diagnostic importance because of its ambiguous clinical and histopathological presentation that can be misdiagnosed clinically as neoplasia. The aim is to add to the existing literature on this condition with a rare collection of fully illustrative clinical images and the aetiology and pathogenesis of NS based on an up-to-date literature search will also be discussed. There are no conflicts of interest. The natural history of necrotizing sialometaplasia, a benign inflammatory condition is presented, with rarely seen clinical photographs from inception to fully developed lesions through to healing stages. Ultrasound and MRI images that characterize the acute phase of this condition are also presented. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The implications of patients' use of smartphone cameras to document their condition is discussed, which can be of immense help to the clinician.
The aberrant canine part 1: aetiology and diagnosis
Authors: Mittal Tarun K , Atack Nikki E , Naish Hywel J , Williams Julie C , Puryer James S , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The eruption of the permanent canine, particularly the maxillary tooth, is a milestone in dental development. Although often uneventful, occasionally there are disturbances in eruption, the management of which can be one of the more challenging aspects of orthodontics. This article is presented in two parts. Part 1 gives an overview of the possible aetiology and diagnosis of the aberrant canine tooth. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of the possible sequelae of unerupted canines is important in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Informed consent: a changing paradigm?
Authors: Gallacher Amy Arora , Ward Stephen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: It is both an ethical and legal obligation for clinicians to ensure patients are fully informed and involved in the decision-making process. A recent landmark case, Montgomery vs Lanarkshire, has emphasized the importance of fully informing patients regarding the risks of treatment and is likely to have significant implications for the dental specialty. This paper aims to provide an overview of informed consent in the UK and discuss the implications of this ruling on orthodontists and the wider dental team. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to discuss the legal and ethical implications of a recent legal case, Montgomery vs Lankarkshire, on the orthodontic profession and highlight how the case may change the current consent taking process.