bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetric and asymmetric dynamic characterization of mode‐III fracture in epoxy/unidirectional carbon‐fibre composites
Authors: Bertorello Carlos , Viña Jaime , Bonhomme Jorge , Viña Isabel , Mollón Victoria , Argüelles Antonio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper experimentally analyses the delamination behaviour of a composite material under mode III fracture as a function of the loading mode applied during the fatigue tests was carried out in two different ways. First, the test specimens were loaded cyclically in a single direction of delamination until reaching a certain fracture energy and subsequently returning to the starting point. Second, cyclic loading was applied both in one direction of delamination and in the opposite direction until reaching the same fracture energies, though in two opposite directions.The experimental results revealed clear differences in the fatigue behaviour of the material when the way of applying the load varied. In both cases, a statistical analysis of the results was carried out in order to evaluate the existing differences more suitably. Furthermore, a fractographic analysis was conducted for both types of loading in order to distinguish possible differences at the microstructural level.
Fatigue life prediction of clutch sleeve based on abrasion mathematical model in service period
Authors: Liu Xintian , Kan Fuchao , Wang Haijie , Xin Xiufeng , Wang Zhaoqiang , Huang Hu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo predict the service life of clutch sleeve, major reasons for the change of clearance between the clutch sleeve and shell in service period are analysed. A mathematical model of the clearance is established considering abrasion of the step outside sleeve caused by friction. To determine the size of abrasion, a micro‐convex body model for the friction surface is built. Based on surface fatigue abrasion theory, an abrasion model is established. A life model is established based on the entire abrasion of the sleeve. Fatigue life of sleeve is predicted using the model based on actual surface morphology parameters of the enterprise products. Major factors affecting the abrasion speed are discussed and determined after the prediction result is analysed.
The acclimation of leaf photosynthesis of wheat and rice to seasonal temperature changes in T‐FACE environments
Authors: Cai Chuang , Li Gang , Di Lijun , Ding Yunjie , Fu Lin , Guo Xuanhe , Struik Paul C. , Pan Genxing , Li Haozheng , Chen Weiping , Luo Weihong , Yin Xinyou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCrops show considerable capacity to adjust their photosynthetic characteristics to seasonal changes in temperature. However, how photosynthesis acclimates to changes in seasonal temperature under future climate conditions has not been revealed. We measured leaf photosynthesis (An) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under four combinations of two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched up to 500 µmol/mol) and two levels of canopy temperature (ambient and increased by 1.5–2.0°C) in temperature by free‐air CO2 enrichment (T‐FACE) systems. Parameters of a biochemical C3‐photosynthesis model and of a stomatal conductance (gs) model were estimated for the four conditions and for several crop stages. Some biochemical parameters related to electron transport and most gs parameters showed acclimation to seasonal growth temperature in both crops. The acclimation response did not differ much between wheat and rice, nor among the four treatments of the T‐FACE systems, when the difference in the seasonal growth temperature was accounted for. The relationships between biochemical parameters and leaf nitrogen content were consistent across leaf ranks, developmental stages, and treatment conditions. The acclimation had a strong impact on gs model parameters: when parameter values of a particular stage were used, the model failed to correctly estimate gs values of other stages. Further analysis using the coupled gs–biochemical photosynthesis model showed that ignoring the acclimation effect did not result in critical errors in estimating leaf photosynthesis under future climate, as long as parameter values were measured or derived from data obtained before flowering.
Greenhouse gas budget of a poplar bioenergy plantation in Belgium: CO2 uptake outweighs CH4 and N2O emissions
Authors: Horemans Joanna A. , Arriga Nicola , Ceulemans Reinhart 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiomass from short‐rotation coppice (SRC) of woody perennials is being increasingly used as a bioenergy source to replace fossil fuels, but accurate assessments of the long‐term greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of SRC are lacking. To evaluate its mitigation potential, we monitored the GHG balance of a poplar (Populus) SRC in Flanders, Belgium, over 7 years comprising three rotations (i.e., two 2 year rotations and one 3 year rotation). In the beginning—that is, during the establishment year and during each year immediately following coppicing—the SRC plantation was a net source of GHGs. Later on—that is, during each second or third year after coppicing—the site shifted to a net sink. From the sixth year onward, there was a net cumulative GHG uptake reaching −35.8 Mg CO2 eq/ha during the seventh year. Over the three rotations, the total CO2 uptake was −51.2 Mg CO2/ha, while the emissions of CH4 and N2O amounted to 8.9 and 6.5 Mg CO2 eq/ha, respectively. As the site was non‐fertilized, non‐irrigated, and only occasionally flooded, CO2 fluxes dominated the GHG budget. Soil disturbance after land conversion and after coppicing were the main drivers for CO2 losses. One single N2O pulse shortly after SRC establishment contributed significantly to the N2O release. The results prove the potential of SRC biomass plantations to reduce GHG emissions and demonstrate that, for the poplar plantation under study, the high CO2 uptake outweighs the emissions of non‐CO2 greenhouse gases.
Mechanical and microstructural properties of cameroonian bauxite ceramics for ballistic applications
Authors: Tchamba Arlin Bruno , Mbessa Michel , Sontia Metekong Jordan V. , Yang Liuhua , Ntchayi Tankeu Solange , Elambo Nkeng George , Njopwouo Daniele , Bier Thomas A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThermal reactions of bauxite, kaolin, and talc compound were investigated at 1550°C to obtain high rigidity ceramic for ballistic applications. The compressed strength and density of the bauxite ceramics with kaolin and talc substitutions varied from 195 to 455 MPa and density from 2.85 to 4.05 g/cm3. The Young’s modulus varied from 107 GPa to 222 GPa with water absorption varying from 1.4 wt% to 5.9 wt% for 0 wt% and 15 wt% substitution of kaolin. The substitution of bauxite‐kaolin by talc up to 7.5 wt% contributes to the resorption of microporosity and increase the Young's modulus from 107 to 195 GPa. The XRD of bauxite ceramic with kaolin substitution showed the presence of corundum and mullite; whereas the XRD of bauxite ceramic with kaolin and talc substitution showed the presence of corundum, mullite, and spinel. The ballistic simulation with abaqus dassult SIMULA using the JH‐2 model predict that an impact with velocity of 525 to 810 m/s on the 10 mm thick bauxite ceramic does not erode or damage for a projectile consisting of tungsten alloy with dimensions: 12 mm in diameter, 61.5 mm length, and 72 g of mass. The bauxite ceramics can be used for ballistic applications.
Understanding psychocutaneous disease: psychosocial & psychoneuroimmunologic perspectives
Authors: Jafferany Mohammad , Patel Arsh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study of psychocutaneous disease involves a comprehensive understanding of the complex and often neglected psychoneuroimmunologic components and pathways. Patients suffering from the many disorders that blur the interface between the fields of psychiatry and dermatology are often misdiagnosed and mistreated because of the lack of knowledge and awareness of the underlying disease‐causing mechanisms. Individuals with psychodermatologic disease also experience a general lower overall quality of life as it has negative implications on psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive well‐being. Factors like early life interactions, body image dissatisfaction, and societal stigma play a crucial role in the development of psychosocial stress experienced by individuals with visible skin conditions. This heightened level of stress serves as a trigger in the activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐axis (HPA), mediating immune responses that influence cutaneous disease severity and exacerbation. In order to improve the quality of life and treatment outcomes of the patient population impacted by psychodermatologic disease, it is essential to better understand the complex interplay between the various psychosocial factors and pathophysiologic pathways involved.
Phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties of novel LiAl5−xZnxO8−0.5x‐based (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ceramics
Authors: Lan Xue‐Kai , Li Jie , Li Jia‐Pu , Wang Fei , Lu Wen‐Zhong , Wang Xiao‐Chuan , Lei Wen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNovel LiAl5−xZnxO8−0.5x microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized through a solid‐state reaction route. Phase evolution of LiAl5−xZnxO8−0.5x was determined by XRD analysis. The XRD results indicated that the phase compositions had a P4332 space group when 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 and a spinel structure when 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.5. The dielectric constant (εr) of this series’ solid solutions decreased with the increase in Zn doping content, which was in good agreement with the Clausius‐Mossotti relation. Oxygen vacancy and the decreased degree of order degraded the quality factor (Q × f) of the two structures. The deterioration in quality factor was further verified by impedance spectroscopy. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τf) decreased with the increase in x and was correlated with the unit cell volume. Finally, CaTiO3 was used as a compensation material to obtain a near‐zero τf of the LiAl5O8 ceramic.
High permittivity and excellent high‐temperature energy storage properties of X9R BaTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Chen Lingling , Wang Hongxian , Zhao Peiyao , Hui Kezhen , Guo Limin , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe fabricated x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–(1−x)[BaTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–Nb] (BNT‐doped BTBNT‐Nb) dielectric materials with high permittivity and excellent high‐temperature energy storage properties. The initial powder of Nb‐modified BTBNT was first calcined and then modified with different stoichiometric ratios of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT). Variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the ceramics with a small amount of BNT doping consisted of coexisting tetragonal and pseudocubic phases, which transformed into the pseudocubic phase as the test temperature increased. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the ceramic grain was the core‐shell structure. The permittivity of the 5 mol% BNT‐doped BTBNT‐Nb ceramic reached up to 2343, meeting the X9R specification. The discharge energy densities of all samples were 1.70‐1.91 J/cm3 at room temperature. The discharge energy densities of all samples fluctuated by only ±5% over the wide temperature range from 25°C to 175°C and ±8% from 25°C to 200°C. The discharge energy density of the 50 mol% BNT‐doped BTBNT‐Nb ceramic was 2.01 J/cm3 at 210 kV/cm and 175°C. The maximum energy efficiencies of all ceramics were up to ~91% at high temperatures and were much better than those at room temperature. The stable dielectric properties within a wide temperature window and excellent high‐temperature energy storage properties of this BNT‐doped BTBNT‐Nb system make it promising to provide candidate materials for multilayer ceramic capacitor applications.
RIsk Stratification prior to lead Extraction and impact on major intraprocedural complications (RISE protocol)
Authors: Afzal Muhammad R. , Daoud Emile G. , Matre Nancy , Shoben Abigail , Burnside Melissa , Gilliam Courtney , Pinkhas Daniel , Okabe Toshimasa , Tyler Jaret , Houmsse Mahmoud , Kalbfleisch Steven S. , Crestanello Juan A. , Turner Katja , Weiss Raul , Hummel John D. , Love Charles J. , Augostini Ralph S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn internal risk stratification algorithm was developed to decrease the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) during lead extractions (LEs).ObjectiveTo report upon the impact of a risk stratification algorithm (RISE [RIsk Stratification prior to lead Extraction] protocol) on outcomes of LEs in a high‐volume center.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained LEs database was performed to identify features associated with MACEs. On the basis of the retrospective data, the RISE protocol differentiated LEs procedures into “High” and “Low” risk for occurrence of MACEs. High‐risk LEs included dual‐coil defibrillator lead (≥3 years), pacemaker and single‐coil lead (≥5 years), and any StarFix coronary sinus lead. During the prospective evaluation of the RISE protocol, “High‐risk” LEs were performed in an operating room (OR) or hybrid laboratory with the cardiac anesthesiologist, OR nursing team, perfusionist in the room, and a cardiac surgeon on the premises. “Low‐risk” LEs were performed in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory with anesthesia provided by EP nursing team. The preintervention (pre‐RISE) and postintervention (post‐RISE) group spanned 19 and 40 months and consisted of 449 (632 leads) and 751 patients (1055 leads), respectively. The primary outcome of MACEs in the two groups was compared.ResultsProtocol compliance was 100%. The primary outcome of MACEs occurred in 15 patients (3.34%) before and 12 (1.6%) after implementation of the RISE protocol (P = .04).ConclusionRISE identified a low‐risk group where minimal resources are needed and allowed for rapid intervention in the high‐risk group that reduced the consequences of MACEs.
Twelve‐lead electrocardiographic localization of idiopathic premature ventricular contraction origins
Authors: Yamada Takumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe major sites of origins of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias have been elucidated. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias most often present as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) with a focal mechanism, and commonly occur without structural heart disease. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias usually originate from specific anatomical structures, commonly endocardial but sometimes epicardial and exhibit characteristic electrocardiograms (ECGs) based on their anatomical background. There are general and specific ECG characteristics that can localize the site of idiopathic PVC origins. The general ECG characteristics include the bundle branch block pattern, axis, QRS polarity in lead V6, QRS duration, precordial transition, maximal deflection index, and so forth. They can roughly localize the site of idiopathic PVC origins. Several major sites of idiopathic PVC origins are located close to each other, and specific ECG characteristics are helpful for localizing the site of origins more accurately in those PVCs. Twelve‐lead surface ECG algorithms usually can localize the site of idiopathic PVC origins with a high accuracy, but their accuracy can be limited by the patients’ physique, heart rotation, specific conduction properties, presence of structural heart disease, and so forth. This review describes an overview of the approaches to the 12‐lead surface ECG localization of idiopathic PVCs, and also discusses their caveats and limitations.
Potential cost‐effectiveness of wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator for patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator explant in a high‐income city of China
Authors: Jiang Xinchan , Ming Wai‐Kit , You Joyce H. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionWearable cardioverter‐defibrillator (WCD) is recommended for patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) removal. This study aimed to investigate the potential cost‐effectiveness of WCD for patients with ICD explant in a high‐income city of China.Methods and ResultsA 5‐year decision‐analytic model was developed to simulate outcomes of three strategies during the period between ICD explant and reimplantation: discharge‐to‐home without WCD (home group), discharge‐to‐home with WCD (WCD group), and stay‐in‐hospital (hospital group). Outcome measures were mortality rates (during the period between ICD explant and reimplantation), direct medical costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost per QALY saved (ICER). Model inputs were derived from literature and public data. Base‐case analysis was performed at four cost levels of WCD. Robustness of model results was examined by sensitivity analyses. In base‐case analysis, the 8‐week mortality rates of WCD, hospital, and home groups were 7.3%, 8.1%, and 9.4%, respectively. WCD group gained the highest QALYs (3.0990 QALYs), followed by hospital group (3.0553 QALYs) and home group (3.0132 QALYs). The WCD group was the cost‐effective option with ICERs less than willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold (57 315 USD/QALY) at WCD daily cost ≤USD48. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the WCD group at daily cost of USD24, USD48, USD72, and USD96 were cost‐effective in 100%, 94.16%, 22.08%, and 0.16% of 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations, respectively.ConclusionsUse of WCD during the period between ICD explant and reimplantation is likely to save life and gain higher QALYs. Cost‐effectiveness of WCD is highly subject to the daily cost of WCD in China.
Cavotricuspid isthmus ablation using ablation index in typical right atrial flutter
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Yunlong , Han Zhihong , Zhao Hua , Liang Zhuo , Wang Ye , Wu Yongquan , Ren Xuejun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAblation index (AI) has been evaluated as guidance quality marker for pulmonary vein isolation, but not for linear ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) for typical right atrial flutter (AFL). We thus studied the feasibility and effectiveness of AI‐guided CTI for AFL.MethodsProcedural and 6‐month outcomes of ablation for AFL were retrospectively compared between consecutive patients undergoing either AI‐guided ablation of CTI (n = 43; AI target of 500 for anterior 2/3 segments and 400 for posterior 1/3 segments) or contact force (CF)‐guided ablation (n = 42) at a single center. Each Visitag dataset from all patients in each group was analyzed.ResultsAI guidance vs CF guidance was associated with: higher first‐pass conduction block of CTI (93.0% vs 76.2%, P = .03) with similar ablation time; similar acute spontaneous CTI reconnection 2.3% vs 9.5%, P = .343); fewer radiofrequency (RF) applications (10.1 ± 2.8 vs 11.5 ± 3.0, P = .031) needed to achieve CTI directional block; significantly higher mean ablation time, impedance drop, force time integral and AI and similar mean CF and power of each VisiTag point. One inguinal hematoma and one pseudoaneurysm developed in the AI and CF groups, respectively. Recurrent AFL was recorded in two (4.7%) AI‐group patients and four (9.5%) CF‐group patients (P = .650).ConclusionAI‐guided ablation of CTI line for AFL appears feasible and effective with similar ablation time, fewer RF applications, a higher rate of first‐pass conduction block, and no additional complications.
Retrograde aortic access during ventricular tachycardia ablation: Indications, techniques, and challenges
Authors: Adlan Ahmed M. , Campbell Timothy , Fairbairn Timothy , Aggarwal Suneil , Nawaytou Omar , Penha Diana , Todd Derick , Mahida Saagar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe retrograde aortic (RA) route is a widely used access route for mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardias (VT) arising from the left ventricular endocardium. With the expanding role of VT ablation in patients with significant comorbidity, the choice between the RA and transseptal access routes is an increasingly important consideration. An individualized decision based on the location of the arrhythmogenic substrate, vascular anatomy, aortic valve morphology, and operator experience is necessary when deciding on the optimal access route. Among patients with challenging vascular anatomy, growing experience from structural interventions such as transcatheter aortic valve replacements and peripheral vascular interventions has provided valuable insights into techniques for safe retrograde access. The present review focuses on patient selection for RA access, potential complications associated with the technique, and optimal approaches for access in patients with challenging vascular or aortic valve anatomy.
Chagas disease is associated with a worse prognosis at 1‐year follow‐up after implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator for secondary prevention in heart failure patients
Authors: Vieira de Melo Rodrigo M. , de Azevedo Diogo F. C. , Lira Yasmin M. , Cardoso de Oliveira Natalia F. , Passos Luiz C. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere are conflicting data regarding the efficacy of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in Chagas disease (CD) patients. This study aims to evaluate the short‐term outcome after ICD for secondary prevention, in a population where CD is a prevalent cause of heart failure (HF).Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients with HF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), who underwent ICD implantation for secondary prevention of SCD. Clinical and demographic data were collected to investigate mortality predictors at 1 year. During the study period, 117 patients underwent ICD implantation, of which 108 were included. The most frequent causes of HF was CD: 52 (48.1%) and ischemic cardiomyopathy: 20 (18.5%). Chagas and non‐Chagas patients were well balanced—male: 32 (61.5%) vs 38 (67.9%), P = .548; age: 59.2 (±10.9) vs 56.8 (±13.4), P = .681; and LVEF: 34.1 (±0.2) vs 31.3 (±8.7), P = .064, respectively. At the mean follow‐up of 15.7 months, overall mortality occurred in 14 (12.9%) patients, with a higher incidence in patients with CD cardiomyopathy, 11 (21.2%) vs 3 (5.4%), P = .021 (log‐rank). In the multivariate analysis, CD remained as an independent predictor for death (hazard ratio: 4.62, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.27‐16.81, P = .021).ConclusionCD was associated with a poor short‐term outcome in patients with HF submitted to ICD implantation for secondary prevention when compared with other HF etiologies. In this specific HF population, ICD indication should be individualized, considering the worst prognosis of these patients.
GSK‐3β inhibition protects the rat heart from the lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation injury via suppressing FOXO3A activity
Authors: Li Zhigang , Zhu Huifang , Liu Chang , Wang Yumei , Wang Duo , Liu Huan , Cao Wenze , Hu Yi , Lin Qin , Tong Chang , Lu Min , Sachinidis Agapios , Li Li , Peng Luying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSepsis‐induced cardiac dysfunction represents a main cause of death in intensive care units. Previous studies have indicated that GSK‐3β is involved in the modulation of sepsis. However, the signalling details of GSK‐3β regulation in endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced septic myocardial dysfunction are still unclear. Here, based on the rat septic myocardial injury model, we found that LPS could induce GSK‐3β phosphorylation at its active site (Y216) and up‐regulate FOXO3A level in primary cardiomyocytes. The FOXO3A expression was significantly reduced by GSK‐3β inhibitors and further reversed through β‐catenin knock‐down. This pharmacological inhibition of GSK‐3β attenuated the LPS‐induced cell injury via mediating β‐catenin signalling, which could be abolished by FOXO3A activation. In vivo, GSK‐3β suppression consistently improved cardiac function and relieved heart injury induced by LPS. In addition, the increase in inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced model was also blocked by inhibition of GSK‐3β, which curbed both ERK and NF‐κB pathways, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results demonstrate that GSK‐3β inhibition attenuates myocardial injury induced by endotoxin that mediates the activation of FOXO3A, which suggests a potential target for the therapy of septic cardiac dysfunction.