bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Potential Anadromous Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus) Habitats in the Svalbard Archipelago After the End of the Little Ice Age
Authors: Roncoroni M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlaciers in the Svalbard Archipelago are retreating rapidly in response to climate change. This retreat leads to the alteration of the hydrological and thermal regimes of freshwater ecosystems. In this delicate context, existing anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations are at severe risk and might disappear from the archipelago. However, the retreat of glaciers also promotes the formation of new lake systems that might be suitable for colonization by anadromous Arctic charr. These systems may provide a substantial opportunity for the establishment of new populations of anadromous charr, potentially buffering the decline in existing systems. To date, there is a lack of information on the number of recently deglaciated lake systems that have emerged since the end of the Little Ice Age (ca. 1920) that might be suitable for charr colonization. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to provide an initial assessment of the number of these lakes. To this end, and in accordance with previously published research, this study assesses whether a recently deglaciated lake system is potentially open to colonization based on gradient, river length, and lake surface area. Depending on the applied threshold (four in total), up to 24 lake systems are classified as potentially open to colonization by anadromous Arctic charr, with Spitsbergen emerging as a potential hotspot for colonization. The findings of this paper might serve as basis for new studies and for implementing proactive management and conservation strategies to protect anadromous charr populations.
Amantadine against glioma via ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy arrest
Authors: Luo Yusong , Liu Ruolan , Zhang He , Wang Hongyu , Yin Hang , Tian Guopeng , Wang Bo , Yan Yunji , Ding Zilin , Dai Junqiang , Niu Liang , Yuan Guoqiang , Pan Yawen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlioma is a common primary nervous system malignant tumor with poor overall cure rate and low survival rate, yet successful treatment still remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrated that amantadine (AMT) exhibits the powerful anti-glioma effect by promoting apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, amantadine induces a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in glioma cells, and then triggers apoptosis by destroying mitochondria. In addition, amantadine induces the initiation of autophagy and inhibits the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, consequently performing an anti-glioma role. Taken together, our findings suggest that amantadine could be a promising anti-glioma drug that inhibits glioma cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, which may provide a novel potential treatment option for patients.
Microbial species and intraspecies units exist and are maintained by ecological cohesiveness coupled to high homologous recombination
Authors: Conrad Roth E. , Brink Catherine E. , Viver Tomeu , Rodriguez-R Luis M. , Aldeguer-Riquelme Borja , Hatt Janet K. , Venter Stephanus N. , Rossello-Mora Ramon , Amann Rudolf , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent genomic analyses have revealed that microbial communities are predominantly composed of persistent, sequence-discrete species and intraspecies units (genomovars), but the mechanisms that create and maintain these units remain unclear. By analyzing closely-related isolate genomes from the same or related samples and identifying recent recombination events using a novel bioinformatics methodology, we show that high ecological cohesiveness coupled to frequent-enough and unbiased (i.e., not selection-driven) horizontal gene flow, mediated by homologous recombination, often underlie these diversity patterns. Ecological cohesiveness was inferred based on greater similarity in temporal abundance patterns of genomes of the same vs. different units, and recombination was shown to affect all sizable segments of the genome (i.e., be genome-wide) and have two times or greater impact on sequence evolution than point mutations. These results were observed in both Salinibacter ruber, an environmental halophilic organism, and Escherichia coli, the model gut-associated organism and an opportunistic pathogen, indicating that they may be more broadly applicable to the microbial world. Therefore, our results represent a departure compared to previous models of microbial speciation that invoke either ecology or recombination, but not necessarily their synergistic effect, and answer an important question for microbiology: what a species and a subspecies are.
Kitaev interactions through extended superexchange pathways in the $${j}_{{\mathsf{eff}}}=1/2$$ Ru3+ honeycomb magnet RuP3SiO11
Authors: Abdeldaim Aly H. , Gretarsson Hlynur , Day Sarah J. , Le M. Duc , Stenning Gavin B. G. , Manuel Pascal , Perry Robin S. , Tsirlin Alexander A. , Nilsen Gøran J. , Clark Lucy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagnetic materials are composed of the simple building blocks of magnetic moments on a crystal lattice that interact via magnetic exchange. Yet from this simplicity emerges a remarkable diversity of magnetic states. Some reveal the deep quantum mechanical origins of magnetism, for example, quantum spin liquid (QSL) states in which magnetic moments remain disordered at low temperatures despite being strongly correlated through quantum entanglement. A promising theoretical model of a QSL is the Kitaev model, composed of unusual bond-dependent exchange interactions, but experimentally, this model is challenging to realise. Here we show that the material requirements for the Kitaev QSL survive an extended pseudo-edge-sharing superexchange pathway of Ru3+ octahedra within the honeycomb layers of the inorganic framework solid, RuP3SiO11. We confirm the requisite $${j}_{{\mathsf{eff}}}=\frac{1}{2}$$

j

eff

=

1

2

state of Ru3+ in RuP3SiO11 and resolve the hierarchy of exchange interactions that provide experimental access to an unexplored region of the Kitaev model.
Over 25 years of decrypting PIN-mediated plant development
Authors: Luschnig Christian , Friml Jiří 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdentification of PIN exporters for auxin, the major coordinative signal in plants, some 25 years ago, signifies a landmark in our understanding of plant-specific mechanisms underlying development and adaptation. Auxin is directionally transported throughout the plant body; a unique feature already envisioned by Darwin and solidified by PINs’ discovery and characterization. The PIN-based auxin distribution network with its complex regulations of PIN expression, localization and activity turned out to underlie a remarkable multitude of developmental processes and represents means to integrate endogenous and environmental signals. Given the recent anniversary, we here summarize past and current developments in this exciting field.
Reversible and controllable reduction in friction of atomically thin two-dimensional materials through high-stress pre-rubbing
Authors: Su Haoyang , Zhang Honglin , Sun Junhui , Lang Haojie , Zou Kun , Peng Yitian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGreat efforts have been made to further reduce friction of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials as solid lubricants due to their exceptional tribological properties and mechanical strength. In this work, the friction of atomically thin graphene is extensively and controllably reduced through pre-rubbing under high stress, resulting in a reduction of the friction coefficient by up to a factor of six compared to the pristine graphene. Also, this reduction can be reversed by reciprocating friction under moderate stress. Furthermore, high-stress pre-rubbing allows for patterning intentionally lubricating features on atomically thin graphene, such as nanometer-sized letters. This reduction in friction is attributed to the decreased sliding potential barrier yet increased contact stiffness, induced by the enhanced strength of graphene adhesion to the substrate due to interfacial charge transfer, as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These findings present a practical methodology for optimizing and controlling the performance of 2D materials.
The probabilistic dependence of ship-induced waves is preserved spatially and temporally in the Savannah River (USA)
Authors: Mares-Nasarre Patricia , Muscalus Alexandra , Haas Kevin , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapid changes in the shipping fleet during the last decades has increased the ship-induced loads and, thus, their impact on infrastructures, margin protections and ecosystems. Primary waves have been pointed out as the cause of those impacts, with heights that can exceed 2 m and periods around 2 minutes. Consequently, extensive literature can be found on their estimation mainly from a deterministic perspective with methods based on datasets limited to one location, making difficult their generalization. These studies propose either computationally expensive numerical models or empirical equations which often underestimate the extreme primary waves, hindering their use for design purposes. Moreover, a framework to allow the design of infrastructure under ship-wave attack based on probabilistic concepts such as return periods is still missing. In this study, a probabilistic model based on bivariate copulas is proposed to model the joint distribution of the primary wave height, the peak of the total energy flux, the ship length, the ship width, the relative velocity of the ship and the blockage factor. This model, a vine-copula, is developed and validated for four different deployments along the Savannah river (USA), with different locations and times. To do so, the model is quantified using part of the data in one deployment and validated using the rest of the data from this deployment and data of the other three. The vine-copula is validated from both a predictive performance point of view and with respect to the statistical properties. We prove that the probabilistic dependence of the data is preserved spatially and temporally in the Savannah river.
Targeting Candida albicans O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase (Met15p) in antifungal treatment
Authors: Kuplińska Aleksandra , Rząd Kamila , Stefaniak-Skorupa Joanna , Kozłowska-Tylingo Katarzyna , Wojciechowski Marek , Milewski Sławomir , Gabriel Iwona 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFungal infections are a serious threat to public health as they are becoming increasingly frequent. A major problem stems also from a rising fungal resistance to currently available antifungal therapies, therefore novel molecular targets are highly desirable. Exploration of enzymes participating in the biosynthesis pathways of essential amino acids such as L-methionine (L-Met) may provide new insights into pharmaceutical development. The MET15 gene from Candida albicans, encoding O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase (Met15p), an enzyme catalyzing the second step in that pathway, was cloned and expressed in two versions: as N and C-terminal oligo-His-tagged fusion proteins. The recombinant enzymes revealed appropriate activity, and catalyzed conversion of O-acetyl-L-homoserine and a sulfide ion to produce L-homocysteine. A new RP-HPLC-DAD method, using the enzymatic reaction product pre-column derivatization with 5,5’-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was developed and used by us to determine Met15p activity. Newly synthesized compounds as well as two commercially available exhibited a Met15p inhibitory effect which was related to antifungal activity. Fungal cells’ sensitivity to inhibitors depending on the presence or absence of L-Met in the medium clearly indicated Met15p targeting. Moreover, the synergistic effect of the first methionine biosynthetic enzyme affecting inhibitor and Met15p inhibitors indicate that methionine biosynthesis pathway enzymes are promising molecular targets.
Extreme learning machine‐based super‐twisting integral terminal sliding mode speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Zheng Yusai , Cao Zhenwei , Rsetam Kamal , Man Zhihong , Wang Song 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article proposes an extreme learning machine (ELM)‐based super‐twisting integral terminal sliding mode control (STITSMC) for speed regulation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, the PMSM is modeled in a non‐cascade control structure for fast system response and uncertainty compensation in the speed and torque loops. Second, the STITSMC is designed with integral actions in both the sliding surface and the reaching law to reduce chattering. Third, the ELM is constructed to compensate for the system lumped disturbance, and relax the disturbance upper bound required by the controller which further reduces the chattering. Fourth, the stability of the whole control system is proved based on the Lyapunov method and the finite time convergence regions are derived for both the reaching and the sliding phases. Finally, the comparative simulations and experiments are conducted to show the superiority of the proposed control.
Variability of the inner dead zone edge in 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Cecil Michael , Flock Mario 
Published: November 2024

Context. The inner regions of protoplanetary discs are prone to thermal instability (TI), which can significantly impact the thermal and dynamical evolution of planet-forming regions. Observable as episodic accretion outbursts, such periodic disturbances shape the disc’s vertical and radial structure.
Aims. We have investigated the stability of the inner disc edge around a Class II T Tauri star and analysed the consequences of TI on the thermal and dynamic evolution in both the vertical and radial dimensions. A particular focus is laid on the emergence and destruction of solid-trapping pressure maxima.
Methods. We conducted 2D axisymmetric radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the inner disc in a radial range of 0.05 AU to 10 AU. The models include a highly turbulent inner region, the transition to the dead zone, heating by both stellar irradiation and viscous dissipation, vertical and radial radiative transport, and tracking of the dust-to-gas mass ratio at every location. The simulated time frames include both the TI phase and the quiescent phase between TI cycles. We tracked the TI on S-curves of thermal stability.
Results. Thermal instability can develop in discs with accretion rates of ≥3.6 ⋅ 10−9 M⊙ yr−1 and results from the activation of mag-netorotational instability (MRI) in the dead zone after the accumulation of material beyond the MRI transition. The TI creates an extensive MRI active region around the midplane and disrupts the stable pebble and migration trap at the inner edge of the dead zone. Our simulations consistently show the occurrence of TI reflares that, together with the initial TI, produce pressure maxima in the inner disc within 1 AU, possibly providing favourable conditions for streaming instability. During the TI phase, the dust content in the ignited regions adapts itself in order to create a new thermal equilibrium manifested in the upper branch of the S-curve. In these instances, we find a simple relation between the gas and dust-surface densities.
Conclusions. On a timescale of a few thousand years, TI regularly disrupts the radial and vertical structure of the disc within 1 AU. While several pressure maxima are created, stable migration traps are destroyed and reinstated after the TI phase. Our models provide a foundation for more detailed investigations into phenomena such as the short-term variability of accretion rates.
Die Therapie „anderer primärer Kopfschmerzerkrankungen“
Authors: Evers Stefan , Fleischmann Robert , Frank Florian , Frese Achim , Gaul Charly , Gendolla Astrid , Goßrau Gudrun , Holle-Lee Dagny , Tim Jürgens , Kamm Katharina , Kraya Torsten , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Schankin Christoph , Summ Oliver 
Published: November 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Kopfschmerzklassifikation der International Headache Society unterscheidet in ihrem Kapitel 4 verschiedene primäre Kopfschmerzerkrankungen, die als selten gelten und als eigenständige Entitäten aufgefasst werden. Zu diesen gehören der primäre Hustenkopfschmerz, der primäre Anstrengungskopfschmerz, der primäre Sexualkopfschmerz, der primäre Donnerschlagkopfschmerz, der Kältekopfschmerz, der Kopfschmerz durch Einwirkung von Druck oder Zug auf den Kopf, der primäre stechende Kopfschmerz, der Münzkopfschmerz, der schlafgebundene Kopfschmerz und der neu aufgetretene tägliche anhaltende Kopfschmerz. Es handelt sich bei den primären Formen um prinzipiell gutartige Erkrankungen, die aber die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen erheblich einschränken können. Auch müssen potenziell bedrohliche sekundäre Kopfschmerzerkrankungen mit ähnlichem oder identischem Phänotyp ausgeschlossen werden. Aufgrund einer Analyse der publizierten Fallberichte und Fallserien und eines Expertenkonsenses werden für diese Kopfschmerzerkrankungen Therapieempfehlungen gegeben, auch wenn große randomisierte, kontrollierte Therapiestudien nicht vorliegen.
COVID-19, social determinants, and African American-White disparities: policy response and pathways forward
Authors: Snowden Lonnie R. , Graaf Genevieve 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 translated African Americans’ greater social, economic, and health-related risk, reflecting adverse Social Determinants of Health (SDOH), into greater COVID morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality, and it threatened to enlarge the very risks causing greater COVID suffering. However, following a federal policy response injecting trillions of dollars into the US economy, longstanding African American-White disparities in economic well-being, insurance coverage, vaccination rates, and evictions declined. On the other hand, troubling and consequential disparities in k-12 academic achievement and college attendance disparities widened. Continuous monitoring and careful research are needed to document and explain trajectories in social determinant disparities and to offer insight into how policy intervention can decrease continuing disparities in economic well-being, health care, and housing stability.
Absorption spectrum of crystalline RbMnCl3
Authors: Popkov Yu. A. , Beznosikov B. V. 
Published: November 2024

The optical absorption spectrum of crystalline RbMnCl3 (TN = 94°K; spatial group D6h4) is studied at temperatures of 4.2–40°K and magnetic fields of 0–300 kOe. In the neighborhood of the 6A1g(6S5/2)→A1g,4Eg(4G) transition of the Mn2+ ion all the absorption bands for zero field are of electric dipole nature. This follows from the symmetry properties of the crystal, namely, the presence of manganese ions shifted off the inversion center. The intensity of the spectral bands is found to depend on the mutual orientation of the electric vector of the light and the magnetic moments of the sublattices. Exciton-magnon transitions are observed due both to excitation of magnons and to their absorption (“cold” and “hot” exciton-magnon satellites), and the frequencies of the short wavelength magnons which contribute to the absorption spectrum are found to be about 40–75 cm–1. The latter value agrees with the estimates obtained here. In an external magnetic field it is found that there is a nonlinear shift of the bands and that new bands appear with intensities proportional to the square of the field. The polarization of two of the bands has a magnetic dipole nature. The behavior of the absorption bands in a magnetic field is discussed in terms of magnetic Davydov splitting.
Determining sources in the bioluminescence tomography problem
Authors: Ding Ming-Hui , Gong Rongfang , Liu Hongyu , Lo Catharine W K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the bioluminescence tomography (BLT) problem, where one seeks to reconstruct bioluminescence signals (an internal light source) from external measurements of the Cauchy data. As one kind of optical imaging, the BLT has many merits such as high signal-to-noise ratio, non-destructivity and cost-effectiveness etc and has potential applications such as cancer diagnosis, drug discovery and development as well as gene therapies and so on. In the literature, BLT is extensively studied based on diffusion approximation equation, where the distribution of peak sources is to be reconstructed and no solution uniqueness is guaranteed without adequate a priori information. Motivated by the solution uniqueness issue, several theoretical results are explored. The major contributions in this work that are new to the literature are two-fold: first, we show the theoretical uniqueness of the BLT problem where the light sources are in the shape of C
2 domains or polyhedral- or corona-shaped; second, we support our results with plenty of problem-orientated numerical experiments.
Stable structures and properties of Ru2Al5
Authors: Luo 罗 Jing 晶 , Zhang 张 Meiguang 美光 , Jia 贾 Xiaofei 晓菲 , Wei 魏 Qun 群 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Novel ordered intermetallic compounds have stimulated much interest. Ru–Al alloys are a prominent class of high-temperature structural materials, but the experimentally reported crystal structure of the intermetallic Ru2Al5 phase remains elusive and debatable. To resolve this controversy, we extensively explored the crystal structures of Ru2Al5 using first-principles calculations combined with crystal structure prediction technique. Among the calculated x-ray diffraction patterns and lattice parameters of five candidate Ru2Al5 structures, those of the orthorhombic Pmmn structure best aligned with recent experimental results. The structural stabilities of the five Ru2Al5 structures were confirmed through formation energy, elastic constants, and phonon spectrum calculations. We also comprehensively analyzed the mechanical and electronic properties of the five candidates. This work can guide the exploration of novel ordered intermetallic compounds in Ru–Al alloys.
Realism-based nonlocality in neutrino oscillations
Authors: Blasone M , De Siena S , Matrella C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We resort to the concepts of realism and indefiniteness introduced in Ref. [40], and based on the exploitation of ideal quantum tomography procedures. These concepts are connected to the existence of nonlocal correlations, and moreover allow to introduce a measure of nonlocality. In this paper we apply and test the approach of Ref. [40] in the physically relevant phenomenon of two-flavor neutrino oscillations, both in the plane-wave approximation and in the wave-packet approach, finding meaningful confirmations of the validity of the methodology, which allows to discriminate among distinct characters of different observables, and consequently on their physical relevance.
Polynomial algebra associated to the Cartan subalgebra of G2 in its enveloping algebra
Authors: Campoamor-Stursberg Rutwig 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The commutant of the Cartan subalgebra of G
2 in its enveloping algebra is determined, showing that it gives rise to a 66-dimensional polynomial algebra of sixth order. It is shown that the commutant of the regular subalgebra A
2 can be obtained by restriction. An illustration how to use these results for Hamiltonian systems with G
2 as spectrum generating algebra is given.
Symmetries of the squeezed Kerr oscillator
Authors: Iachello Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The algebraic structure of the squeezed Kerr oscillator sp(2,R)~su(1,1) is described. It is shown that the Kerr oscillator has a novel and hitherto unknown symmetry su(2) which occurs for integer values of the ratio η=Δ/K of detuning Δ to the Kerr coefficient K. The effect of quadratic, cubic and quartic squeezing of the Kerr oscillator is discussed. The results are of importance for the generation and stabilization of states useful for quantum computing.