bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A natural antioxidant, tannic acid mitigates iron‐overload induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice through ROS regulation
Authors: Basu Tapasree , Panja Sourav , Shendge Anil Khushalrao , Das Abhishek , Mandal Nripendranath 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTannic acid (TA), a water soluble natural polyphenol with 8 gallic acids groups, is abundantly present in various medicinal plants. Previously TA has been investigated for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Being a large polyphenol, TA chelates more than 1 metal. Hence TA has been explored for potent antioxidant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and as iron chelator in vitro thereby mitigating iron‐overload induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. Iron dextran was injected intraperitoneally in Swiss albino mice to induce iron‐overload triggered hepatotoxicity, followed by oral administration of TA for remediation. After treatment, liver, spleen, and blood samples were processed from sacrificed animals. The liver iron, serum ferritin, serum markers, ROS, liver antioxidant status, and liver damage parameters were assessed, followed by histopathology and protein expression studies. Our results show that TA is a prominent ROS and RNS scavenger as well as iron chelator in vitro. It also reversed the ROS levels in vivo and restricted the liver damage parameters as compared to the standard drug, desirox. Moreover, this natural polyphenol exclusively ameliorates the histopathological and fibrotic changes in liver sections reducing the iron‐overload, along with chelation of liver iron and normalization of serum ferritin. The protective role of TA against iron‐overload induced apoptosis in liver was further supported by changed levels of caspase 3, PARP as well as Bax/BCl‐2 ratio. Thus, TA can be envisaged as a better orally administrable iron chelator to reduce iron‐overload induced hepatotoxicity through ROS regulation.
Subsurface plant‐accessible water in mountain ecosystems with a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Klos P. Zion , Goulden Michael L. , Riebe Clifford S. , Tague Christina L. , O’Geen A. Toby , Flinchum Brady A. , Safeeq Mohammad , Conklin Martha H. , Hart Stephen C. , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Hartsough Peter C. , Holbrook W. Steven , Bales Roger C. 
Published: February 2018

Enhanced understanding of subsurface water storage will improve prediction of future impacts of climate change, including drought, forest mortality, wildland fire, and strained water security. Previous research has examined the importance of plant‐accessible water in soil, but in upland landscapes within Mediterranean climates, soil often accounts for only a fraction of subsurface water storage. We draw insights from previous research and a case study of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory to define attributes of subsurface storage; review observed patterns in their distribution; highlight nested methods for estimating them across scales; and showcase the fundamental processes controlling their formation. We review observations that highlight how forest ecosystems subsist on lasting plant‐accessible stores of subsurface water during the summer dry period and during multiyear droughts. The data suggest that trees in these forest ecosystems are rooted deeply in the weathered, highly porous saprolite or saprock, which reaches up to 10–20 m beneath the surface. This review confirms that the system harbors large volumes of subsurface water and shows that they are vital to supporting the ecosystem through the summer dry season and extended droughts. This research enhances understanding of deep subsurface water storage across landscapes and identifies key remaining challenges in predicting and managing response to climate and land use change in mountain ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada and in other Mediterranean climates worldwide.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
On hypothesis testing in hydrology: Why falsification of models is still a really good idea
Authors: Beven Keith J. 
Published: February 2018

This opinion piece argues that in respect of testing models as hypotheses about how catchments function, there is no existing methodology that adequately deals with the potential for epistemic uncertainties about data and hydrological processes in the modeling processes. A rejectionist framework is suggested as a way ahead, wherein assessments of uncertainties in the input and evaluation data are used to define limits of acceptability prior to any model simulations being made. The limits of acceptability might also depend on the purpose of the modeling so that we can be more rigorous about whether a model is actually fit‐for‐purpose. Different model structures and parameter sets can be evaluated in this framework, albeit that subjective elements necessarily remain, given the epistemic nature of the uncertainties in the modeling process. One of the most effective ways of reducing the impacts of epistemic uncertainties, and allow more rigorous hypothesis testing, would be to commission better observational methods. Model rejection is a good thing in that it requires us to be better, resulting in advancement of the science.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Methods
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 2
Authors: Nance Michael E. , Hakim Chady H. , Yang N. Nora , Duan Dongsheng 
Published: February 2018

The cover image, by Michael E. Nance et al., is based on the Focus Article Nanotherapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1472. Design Credit: Michael E. Nance and Dongsheng Duan.
image
Boredom proneness and its correlation with Internet addiction and Internet activities in adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Chou Wen‐Jiun , Chang Yu‐Ping , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study examined the associations of boredom proneness with Internet addiction and activities as well as the moderators for such associations in adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In total, 300 adolescents with ADHD participated in this study. Their Internet addiction, the scores for lack of external and internal stimulation on the Boredom Proneness Scale‐short form (BPS‐SF), ADHD, parental characteristics, and the types of Internet activities were examined. The associations of boredom proneness with Internet addiction and Internet activities and the moderators of the associations were examined using logistic regression analyses. Higher scores for lack of external stimulation on the BPS‐SF were significantly associated with a higher risk of Internet addiction. Maternal occupational socioeconomic status moderated the association of lack of external stimulation with Internet addiction. Higher scores for lack of external stimulation were significantly associated with a high tendency to engage in online gaming, whereas higher scores for lack of internal stimulation were significantly associated with a low tendency to engage in online studies. Lack of external stimulation on the BPS‐SF should be considered a target in prevention and intervention programs for Internet addiction among adolescents with ADHD.
Medically Attended Catheter Complications Are Common in Patients With Outpatient Central Venous Catheters
Authors: Spires Steven S. , Rebeiro Peter F. , Miller Mickie , Koss Katie , Wright Patty W. , Talbot Thomas R. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVEOutpatient central venous catheters (CVCs) are being used more frequently; however, data describing mechanical complications and central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in the outpatient setting are limited. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study to understand the burden of these complications to elucidate their impact on the healthcare system.METHODSData were retrospectively collected on patients discharged from Vanderbilt University Medical Center with a CVC in place and admitted into the care of Vanderbilt Home Care Services. Risk factors for medically attended catheter-associated complications (CACs) and outpatient CLABSIs were analyzed.RESULTSA CAC developed in 143 patients (21.9%), for a total of 165 discrete CAC events. Among these, 76 (46%) required at least 1 visit to the emergency department or an inpatient admission, while the remaining 89 (54%) required an outpatient clinic visit. The risk for developing a CAC was significantly increased in female patients, patients with a CVC with >1 lumen, and patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. The absolute number of CLABSIs identified in the study population was small at 16, or 2.4% of the total cohort.CONCLUSIONSMedically attended catheter complications were common among outpatients discharged with a CVC, and reduction of these events should be the focus of outpatient quality improvement programs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:439–444
Ethical leadership, trust in leader and creativity: The mediated mechanism and an interacting effect
Authors: Javed Basharat , Rawwas Mohammed Y A , Khandai Sujata , Shahid Kamran , Tayyeb Hafiz Habib 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between ethical leadership and employee creativity with mediating role of trust in leader and moderating role of openness to experience. Data were collected from 205 supervisor–subordinate small textile firms across Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the distinctiveness of variables used in our study. The results confirmed that ethical leadership promotes creativity at workplace, while trust in leader mediates the effect of ethical leadership on creativity. Furthermore, the results did not confirm the moderation of openness to experience on the relationship between trust in leader and employee creativity. The implications are discussed.
Prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes of Canadian long-term care residents
Authors: Keller Heather H. , Lengyel Christina , Carrier Natalie , Slaughter Susan E. , Morrison Jill , Duncan Alison M. , Steele Catriona M. , Duizer Lisa , Brown K. Stephen , Chaudhury Habib , Yoon Minn N. , Boscart Veronique , Heckman George , Villalon Lita 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study determines the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes consumed by long-term care (LTC) residents. This cross-sectional study was completed in thirty-two LTC homes in four Canadian provinces. Weighed and estimated food and beverage intake were collected over 3 non-consecutive days from 632 randomly selected residents. Nutrient intakes were adjusted for intra-individual variation and compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes. Proportion of participants, stratified by sex and use of modified (MTF) or regular texture foods, with intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI), were identified. Numbers of participants that met these adequacy values with use of micronutrient supplements was determined. Mean age of males (n 197) was 85·2 (sd 7·6) years and females (n 435) was 87·4 (sd 7·8) years. In all, 33 % consumed MTF; 78·2 % (males) and 76·1 % (females) took at least one micronutrient pill. Participants on a MTF had lower intake for some nutrients (males=4; females=8), but also consumed a few nutrients in larger amounts than regular texture consumers (males=4; females =1). More than 50 % of participants in both sexes and texture groups consumed inadequate amounts of folate, vitamins B6, Ca, Mg and Zn (males only), with >90 % consuming amounts below the EAR/AI for vitamin D, E, K, Mg (males only) and K. Vitamin D supplements resolved inadequate intakes for 50–70 % of participants. High proportions of LTC residents have intakes for nine of twenty nutrients examined below the EAR or AI. Strategies to improve intake specific to these nutrients are needed.
Finite Groups Whose Common-Divisor Graph is Regular
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Mehdi , Ghasemi Mohsen , Lewis Mark L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLet G be a finite group, and write cd (G) for the set of degrees of irreducible characters of G. The common-divisor graph Γ(G) associated with G is the graph whose vertex set is cd (G)∖{1} and there is an edge between distinct vertices a and b, if (a, b) > 1. In this paper we prove that if Γ(G) is a k-regular graph for some k ⩾ 0, then for the solvable groups, either Γ(G) is a complete graph of order k + 1 or Γ(G) has two connected components which are complete of the same order and for the non-solvable groups, either k = 0 and cd(G) = cd(PSL2(2f)), where f ⩾ 2 or Γ(G) is a 4-regular graph with six vertices and cd(G) = cd(Alt7) or cd(Sym7).
Early postoperative remodelling following repair of tetralogy of Fallot utilising unsedated cardiac magnetic resonance: a pilot study
Authors: DiLorenzo Michael P. , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Nicolson Susan C. , Fogel Mark A. , Mercer-Rosa Laura 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe right ventricular adaptations early after surgery in infants with tetralogy of Fallot are important to understand the changes that occur later on in life; this physiology has not been fully delineated. We sought to assess early postoperative right ventricular remodelling in patients with tetralogy of Fallot by cardiac MRI.Materials and methodSubjects with tetralogy of Fallot under 1 year of age were recruited following complete surgical repair for tetralogy of Fallot. Protocol-based cardiac MRI to assess anatomy, function, and flows was performed before hospital discharge using the feed and sleep technique, an unsedated imaging technique.ResultsMRI was completed in 16 subjects at a median age of 77 days (interquartile range 114). There was normal ventricular ejection fraction and indexed right ventricular end-diastolic volume (48±13 cc/m2), but elevated right ventricular mass (z score 6.2±2.4). Subjects requiring a transannular patch or right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit had moderate pulmonary insufficiency (regurgitant fraction 27±16%).DiscussionEarly right ventricular remodelling after surgical repair for tetralogy of Fallot is characterised by significant pulmonary regurgitation, right ventricular hypertrophy, and lack of dilation. Performing cardiac MRI using the feed and sleep technique is feasible in infants younger than 5 months. These results might open new avenues to study longitudinal right ventricular changes in tetralogy of Fallot and to further explore the utility of unsedated MRI in patients with other types of CHDs.
Expanded diversity of microbial groups that shape the dissimilatory sulfur cycle
Authors: Anantharaman Karthik , Hausmann Bela , Jungbluth Sean P , Kantor Rose S , Lavy Adi , Warren Lesley A , Rappé Michael S , Pester Michael , Loy Alexander , Thomas Brian C , Banfield Jillian F 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A critical step in the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur on Earth is microbial sulfate reduction, yet organisms from relatively few lineages have been implicated in this process. Previous studies using functional marker genes have detected abundant, novel dissimilatory sulfite reductases (DsrAB) that could confer the capacity for microbial sulfite/sulfate reduction but were not affiliated with known organisms. Thus, the identity of a significant fraction of sulfate/sulfite-reducing microbes has remained elusive. Here we report the discovery of the capacity for sulfate/sulfite reduction in the genomes of organisms from 13 bacterial and archaeal phyla, thereby more than doubling the number of microbial phyla associated with this process. Eight of the 13 newly identified groups are candidate phyla that lack isolated representatives, a finding only possible given genomes from metagenomes. Organisms from Verrucomicrobia and two candidate phyla, Candidatus Rokubacteria and Candidatus Hydrothermarchaeota, contain some of the earliest evolved dsrAB genes. The capacity for sulfite reduction has been laterally transferred in multiple events within some phyla, and a key gene potentially capable of modulating sulfur metabolism in associated cells has been acquired by putatively symbiotic bacteria. We conclude that current functional predictions based on phylogeny significantly underestimate the extent of sulfate/sulfite reduction across Earth’s ecosystems. Understanding the prevalence of this capacity is integral to interpreting the carbon cycle because sulfate reduction is often coupled to turnover of buried organic carbon. Our findings expand the diversity of microbial groups associated with sulfur transformations in the environment and motivate revision of biogeochemical process models based on microbial community composition.
Long non-coding RNAs in ischemic stroke
Authors: Bao Mei-Hua , Szeto Vivian , Yang Burton B. , Zhu Shu-zhen , Sun Hong-Shuo , Feng Zhong-Ping 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Uncovering the cellular and molecular pathophysiological processes in stroke have been a top priority. Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs play critical roles in different kinds of diseases. In recent years, a bulk of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs have been screened out in ischemic stroke patients or ischemia insulted animals using new technologies such as RNA-seq, deep sequencing, and microarrays. Nine specific lncRNAs, antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), metastasis-associate lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), N1LR, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), H19, CaMK2D-associated transcript 1 (C2dat1), Fos downstream transcript (FosDT), small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14), and taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), were found increased in cerebral ischemic animals and/or oxygen-glucose deprived (OGD) cells. These lncRNAs were suggested to promote cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death. Our Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis predicted that MEG3, H19, and MALAT1 might also be related to functions such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through mechanisms of gene regulation (DNA transcription, RNA folding, methylation, and gene imprinting). This knowledge may provide a better understanding of the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke. Further elucidating the functions and mechanisms of these lncRNAs in biological systems under normal and pathological conditions may lead to opportunities for identifying biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity is modulated by transglutaminase type 2
Authors: Piacentini Mauro , Baiocchini Andrea , Del Nonno Franca , Melino Gerry , Barlev Nickolai A. , Rossin Federica , D’Eletto Manuela , Falasca Laura 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important liver diseases worldwide. Currently, no effective treatment is available, and NAFLD pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme whose dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Here we examined the impact of TG2 on NAFLD progression using the high-fat-diet-induced model in both wild-type and TG2-deficient mice. Animals were fed with a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (42% of the energy from fat) for 16 weeks. Results demonstrated that the absence of a functional enzyme, which causes the impairment of autophagy/mitophagy, leads to worsening of disease progression. Data were confirmed by pharmacological inhibition of TG2 in WT animals. In addition, the analysis of human liver samples from NAFLD patients validated the enzyme’s involvement in the liver fat disease pathogenesis. Our findings strongly suggest that TG2 activation may offer protection in the context of NAFLD, thus representing a novel therapeutic target for tackling the NAFLD progression.
ALS-related human cortical and motor neurons survival is differentially affected by Sema3A
Authors: Birger Anastasya , Ottolenghi Miri , Perez Liat , Reubinoff Benjamin , Behar Oded 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cell death of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). The cause of MN cell loss is not completely understood but involves both cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Numerous molecules have been implicated to be involved in the death of MNs. One such candidate is semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). In ALS patients, Sema3A was shown to be significantly upregulated in the motor cortex and downregulated in the spinal cord. In the mouse, Sema3A was shown to be an axon repellent molecule for MNs. Sema3A could also induce death of different neuronal types that are also repelled by it, including sensory, sympathetic, retinal, and cortical neurons. In contrast, astrocyte-specific knockout of Sema3A results in motor neuron cell death, consistent with the idea that Sema3A is a survival factor for mouse motor neurons. Here, we tested the response of human cortical neurons and spinal cord MNs to Sema3A. We found that Sema3A enhances the survival of spinal cord MNs. In contrast, Sema3A reduces the survival of cortical neurons. Thus, both upregulation of Sema3A in the cortex, or downregulation in the spinal cord of ALS patients is likely to directly contribute to MNs cell loss in ALS patients.
Predictive and preventive significance of AMPK activation on hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Liu Yan , Li Menghui , Wu Hao , Wang Yunbing , You Yu , Li Peizhi , Ding Xiong , Liu Chang’an , Gong Jianping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetformin has been demonstrated to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metformin acts mainly by phosphorylation of AMPK. However, the phosphorylation status of AMPK and its role in the prediction and prevention of HCC in cirrhotic patients remains unclear. The phosphorylation status of AMPK (Thr172) was determined by immunostaining in tissue microarrays of 426 cirrhotic liver tissues. Low expression of p-AMPK was observed in 94 (22.1%) cases. The median follow-up time was 87 months. HCC occurrence probability at 1/3/5/10 years after Hassab procedure was 3.1/9.6/13.8/30.6% in patients with p-AMPK low expression and 0/0.3/0.3/8% in patients with p-AMPK high expression, respectively. HCC occurrence risk was significantly higher in patients with p-AMPK low expression in univariable analysis (HR, 6.25; 95% CI: 3.36–11.60; P < 0.001) and multivariable analysis (HR, 6.0; 95% CI: 3.24–11.10; P < 0.001). An independent external cohort validated the significance of p-AMPK low expression. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrated that AMPK activation status was negatively related to HCC occurrence and blocking autophagy by chloroquine counteracted the protective effect of AMPK phosphorylation. These results present novel insight into a critical predictive role of AMPK activation in hepatocarcinogenesis and AMPK activation seems to be a potential target for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis.