bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ländliche räume in Lateinamerika: globalisierung und lokale reaktionen
Authors: Neuburger Martina 
Published: June 2019

Die ländlichen Räume in Südamerika unterliegen in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmenden Globalisierungseinfl üssen, die zu einem tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel geführt haben, der bis heute im Gange ist. Dabei sind nicht nur Veränderungen in den wirtschaftlichen Bereichen zu beobachten. Auch sozio-kulturelle, politische und ökologische Sphären werden restrukturiert. Die damit verbundenen Prozesse erfassen somit praktisch alle Lebensbereiche der ländlichen Bevölkerung, so dass Akteure auf lokaler und regionaler Ebene gezwungen sind, sich neu zu positionieren. Die Reaktionen reichen dabei von der aktiven Anpassung an und Integration in globalisierte Wirkungszusammenhänge bis hin zum Rückzug aus den übergeordneten Kontexten und der Erschließung neuer Handlungsoptionen auf lokaler Ebene. Diese vielfältigen Prozesse in den ländlichen Räumen Südamerikas lassen sich in verschiedene Entwicklungsdynamiken diff erenzieren. Die agro-industrielle Entwicklungsdynamik ist charakterisiert durch eine Landwirtschaft,
in der standardisierte Massenprodukte dominieren, die von Billiglohnarbeitern hergestellt werden und für den Massenkonsum vor allem auf globaler Ebene bestimmt sind. In der postproduktivistischen
Entwicklungsdynamik fungiert der ländliche Raum hingegen als Konsumraum einer städtischen oder/und globalen Elite, die ihre Freizeit dort gestalten will und ökologische Ausgleichsfl ächen für die „eigene“ degradierte Umwelt benötigt. In der als alternativ bezeichneten
Entwicklungsdynamik schließlich dominieren eindeutig die lokal-regionalen Akteure, deren
Hauptaugenmerk auf der Überlebenssicherung der lokalen Bevölkerung, auf der Sicherung der
ökologischen Ressourcen und auf der Erhaltung der lokalen Gemeinschaft liegt. Diese
Entwicklungsdynamiken überlagern sich zeitlich und räumlich. Die vielschichtigen kleinräumigen
Diff erenzierungen sind verbunden mit einer entsprechenden Erweiterung der Funktionen der
ländlichen Räume im lokalregionalen, nationalen und internationalen Kontext. Ländliche
Entwicklungsplanung und die darin involvierten politischen Entscheidungsträger stehen damit vor
neuartigen Herausforderungen, die neue Konzepte und Leitbilder verlangen.
"Innovative Orders" Under the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008
Authors: Naude Tjakie , De Stadler Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

This article considers section 4(2)(b) of the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (hereafter the CPA), which grants a power to courts and the National Consumer Tribunal to make "appropriate orders to give practical effect to the consumer's right of access to redress", including, but not limited to, "any innovative order that better advances, protects, promotes and assures the realisation by consumers of their rights" in terms of the CPA (in addition to any order provided for in the CPA). First, a brief overview of the provisions on interpretation of the CPA is given, to give context to the interpretation of the power of the courts to make innovative orders. Thereafter, instances are discussed where it is undoubtedly clear that innovative orders are needed, that is, where the CPA creates a right without a remedy. Examples are the consumer's right to receive delivery of the goods or performance of the services within a reasonable time where no time for performance was agreed upon, and the consumer's right to assume that "the supplier has the legal right, or the authority of the legal owner", to supply the goods. This part includes analysis and criticism of the only reported decision which discusses the delineation of the power to grant innovative orders, and which unjustifiably refused to grant such an order in respect of the consumer's right that the goods supplied "remain useable and durable for a reasonable time".
The article then considers situations where there is no clear gap in the CPA such as a right without a remedy, but the CPA is nevertheless ambiguous and policy considerations call for an innovative order. This part gives an example of a case where the National Consumer Tribunal briefly referred to section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders in support of a new rule on the suspension of prescription (time limitation) not recognised in the text of the CPA. Part 5 of the article considers the types of orders that were probably envisaged by the legislature when drafting section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders, such as publicity and compliance programme orders, which serve to increase the effectiveness and preventative effect of orders on prohibited conduct. This part of the article considers legislation from the United Kingdom on such orders, which is referred to as "enhanced consumer measures".
The Ratification of Inadequate Surrogate Motherhood Agreements and the Best Interest of the Child
Authors: Baase Mathabo 
Published: June 2019

South Africa has developed domestic legislation governing all surrogacy matters within the country. These provisions are contained in Chapter 19 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005.
In Ex parte MS; In re: Confirmation of Surrogate Motherhood Agreement 2014 2 All SA 312 (GNP), the commissioning parents did not adhere to the requirement provided by Chapter 19. The parties to the (initially informal) surrogacy agreement authorised the artificial fertilisation of the surrogate mother prior to the confirmation of the surrogate motherhood agreement by the court. In considering the best interest of the resultant child, the High Court decided to ratify the inadequate surrogate motherhood agreement.
This discussion aims to establish whether the court's judgement in Ex parte MS; In re: Confirmation of Surrogate Motherhood Agreement 2014 2 All SA 312 (GNP) was in accordance with the provisions of current legislation and case law. It furthermore aims to answer two primary questions: firstly, whether adjudicators should make use of the best interest of the child when ratifying inadequate surrogate motherhood agreements; and secondly, in what manner the court should go about implementing the best interest of the child when validating inadequate surrogate motherhood agreements.
It is submitted that courts should refrain from applying the best interest of the child as a constitutional right in inadequate surrogacy matters where the child is yet to be born alive, in accordance with the Digesta Texts. Parties to the invalid agreement should rather be instructed to make use of a section 22 parental responsibilities and rights agreement, a section 28 termination agreement, or adoption as provided for by chapter 15 of the Children's Act.
Do outro lado do muro: manifestações de jovens através da Intervenção Urbana
Authors: Bartalini Marina Mayumi 
Published: June 2019

A partir do estudo das intervenções urbanas realizadas no Brasil e no mundo, crianças e adolescentes de uma instituição sócio-educativa de ensino não-formal, realizaram intervenções em espaços públicos dos bairros Vila Castelo Branco e Satélite Íris I situados na zona noroeste da cidade de Campinas. A trajetória para a realização das intervenções foi traçada através da vivência deambulatória e posterior reflexão acerca das impressões geradas pelas caminhadas que foram feitas pelos jovens em seu próprio bairro. Durante estas caminhadas foram feitos registros fotográficos de problemas estruturais do bairro e problemas oriundos das relações culturais e sociais da comunidade. Através da análise de imagens dos processos criativos de artistas e coletivos de artistas que realizam intervenções no espaço público das cidades do Brasil e do mundo, os jovens planejaram e executaram coletivamente ações artísticas no bairro onde moram. O processo consistiu na realização de rodas de conversas que focavam a busca de novas estratégias expressivas para aprimorar a comunicação dos jovens com sua própria comunidade. Durante este procedimento foram realizadas entrevistas com moradores que fazem intervenções em espaços públicos relacionadas ao cuidado dos jardins de praças públicas. As intervenções foram realizadas entre setembro de 2009 e maio de 2010. Projeto Corpos Carimbados, Migração dos Pássaros, Terra do nosso chão, Cadê/Achei, Paisagens Transparentes e Reorganizações de Lixo são algumas das intervenções realizadas coletivamente pelos jovens durante este período.
A educação formal e informal do oratório festivo “São João Bosco” para meninas abandonadas
Authors: Bonifácio Nadja Santos , Freitas Anamaria Gonçalves Bueno de 
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo traçou considerações sobre a infância pobre emSergipe, partindo de representações da formação educativa oferecidano Oratório Festivo “São João Bosco”, uma das instituições de ensinocatólico para atendimento a menores abandonadas no Estado. A ins-tituição objetivava recolher, instruir e educar meninas pobres e órfãs,proporcionando, inicialmente o ensino de valores morais e religiosos e,consequentemente, além da educação religiosa, escolarização elemen-tar, complementadas com aulas de trabalho manuais, de civilidade eetiqueta, visando auxiliar na educação mental e corporal das alunasatravés de um modelo de ensino pautado no Sistema Preventivo de Dom Bosco. Para tal proposta, utilizamos como fundamento teórico--metodológico os preceitos da História Cultural e como categorias deanálise os conceitos de civilização de Norbert Elias; apropriação deRoger Chartier; habitus e campo religioso de Pierre Bourdieu que per-mitiram trabalhar o conteúdo das diversas fontes coletadas em jornais,anais da instituição, cartas-programas, fontes orais, dentre outras. Bus-camos estruturar o estudo expondo inicialmente considerações sobrea prática informal com a prática do Oratório Festivo e a modalidadeformal representada pelo internato. Procuramos ainda abordar as in-tenções da Igreja visando à educação do indivíduo e suas investidaspara tal objetivo e, por fim, tecer considerações sobre a formação dasalunas do Oratório Festivo “São João Bosco” que estavam ligadas tan-to aos objetivos da proposta da Igreja quanto das especificações gover-namentais do período que desejam um homem disciplinado e sereno,capacitado para viver numa sociedade civil e religiosa.
O monodrama de Schoenberg e o “quadro vivo” de Beckett
Authors: Medeiros Sergio 
Published: June 2019

Este texto busca mostrar que um poema em prosa de Beckett, “Un soir”/ “One evening”, possui um enredo muito parecido com o enredo de uma das obras-primas de Schoenberg, Erwartung. Contudo, se seu tema é o mesmo, sua linguagem é diferente, revelando uma experiência narrativa peculiar.Palavras-chave: Beckett; Schoenberg; poesia; música; noite; morte. Abstract: This paper tries to show that Beckett’s prose poem, “Un soir”/ “One evening”, has a plot very similar to the one of Schoenberg’s masterpieces, Erwartung. However, if its theme is the same, its language is different, showing a peculiar narrative experience.Key-words: Beckett; Schoenberg; poetry; music; night; death.
Cerzimento literário de James Joyce - Psicanálise e literatura
Authors: Guimarães Dinara G. Machado 
Published: June 2019

O “Cerzimento Literário de James Joyce - Psicanálise e Literatura”, a partir do “Retrato do Artista quando Jovem” (A portrait of the artist as young man) que se inscreve na origem de tudo o que vai acontecer de Ulisses até o Finnegans Wake, onde “James Joyce acaba por se fazer um nome como autor-artífice do significante que o representa por sua obra.
Strategies to Reduce Illicit Trade of Regular Nicotine Tobacco Products After Introduction of a Low-Nicotine Tobacco Product Standard
Authors: Ribisl Kurt M. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Huang Jidong , Williams Rebecca S. , Donny Eric C. 
Published: June 2019

The US Food and Drug Administration is considering mandating a substantial reduction in the nicotine level of cigarettes and possibly other combusted tobacco products to render them minimially addictive. This would likely result in several public health benefits, including increased cessation, decreased progression to dependence, and reduced consumption of combusted tobacco products. However, findings from clinical trials of reduced-nicotine cigarettes suggest that many smokers consuming low nicotine–content cigarettes sought out regular nicotine–content cigarettes, even when they were asked to only smoke free low-nicotine cigarettes. If this policy were implemented without ensuring that cessation treatments and appealing alternative products (e.g., e-cigarettes) were readily available, some consumers would be likely to seek banned regular nicotine–content combusted tobacco products from illicit sources: retail, online, and individuals. Left unchecked, this illicit market could undermine the public health benefits of the policy. We describe supply and demand factors in an illicit market. Informed by the literature on controlling Internet tobacco sales and reducing illicit trade in low-cost cigarettes when there are price differentials, we recommend tracking and tracing products and greater surveillance and enforcement efforts to minimize illicit trade in normal nicotine products under a low-nicotine tobacco product standard.
La escuela enredada desarrolla pensamiento crítico: Investigación sobre el uso de las redes sociales para generar pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de ciclo III de los colegios distritales La Toscana y Nuevo Chile.
Authors: Nagles García Maribel , Estupiñán Moreno Aneysa , Velásquez Vacca Alexander 
Published: June 2019

En la era digital, los estudiantes, usuarios del sistema educativo, están enfrentando una realidad cambiante, llamativa e innovadora donde les es más fácil y divertido aprender temas nuevos de interés personal, social, cultural y académico de una manera más asequible, sin determinar los estratos socioeconómicos, debido a los grandes avances tecnológicos de la actualidad. En el marco de una educación innovadora nace la necesidad, en un grupo de docentes investigadores, de plantear una propuesta de intervención pedagógica que desde el uso de las redes sociales haga posible el desarrollo de pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes.
El estudio está inmerso en la llamada etnografía virtual, desde la acción del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura de español, para posibilitar el desarrollo de las habilidades de pensamiento crítico (interpretación, análisis e inferencia). El enfoque metodológico que se desarrolló en el proyecto fue de carácter cualitativo, centrado en la interpretación y comprensión de la problemática estudiada. Se determinó que los estudiantes y docentes en sus prácticas cotidianas utilizan las redes sociales y mediante esto pueden implementarse una serie de metodologías, estrategias y herramientas necesarias para ofrecer a nuestros estudiantes una educación de calidad, donde, sin dejar de cumplir con los objetivos, estándares y propósitos de la educación, se logre impactar positivamente haciendo uso de estas tecnologías y recursos que día a día están al alcance de todos y que se van haciendo propias dentro de las dinámicas, tanto personales como académicas, para transmitir y generar conocimiento.
Beneficios e implementación de accesibilidad web en la plataforma EVA UNLaR
Authors: Agüero Andrea Leonor , Guzmán Alejandra Elena , Gramajo Susana Cristina , Varas Vilma Dalila 
Published: June 2019

El artículo describe el análisis realizado a la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje EVA UNLaR implementada en la Universidad Nacional de La Rioja a partir del año 2007 como un complemento a la presencialidad. Este articulo está basado en un trabajo de investigación cuyo fin es determinar si la plataforma es accesible a todos los usuarios. Se abordan los estándares propuestos por el Consorcio W3C que permiten el acceso a los contenidos web y la verificación del cumplimiento de las pautas WCAG 2.0. Se diseñó una metodología de búsqueda de información, análisis y evaluación de validadores, seleccionando el validador automático TAW para la revisión de la accesibilidad de la mencionada plataforma.
En términos generales el trabajo de investigación sugiere mejoras en los errores comunes encontrados sobre accesibilidad y a partir de ellos la implementación de nuevas acciones. De los beneficios se puede mencionar entre otros: mejor accesibilidad y usabilidad, compatibilidad entre plataformas y dispositivos, un mayor grado de eficacia, eficiencia y satisfacción de los usuarios.
Treatment response and its predictors among epilepsy patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gidey Kidu , Chelkeba Legesse , Dukessa Tadesse , Bekele Fekede 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disease with variable treatment responses. To design effective epilepsy treatment strategies, it is important to understand treatment responses and predictive factors. However, there are fewer data available in limited resource settings including Ethiopia.

Objectives

To assess treatment response and its predictors among adult epilepsy patients in Jimma university medical center, Ethiopia.

Method and Materials

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 404 adult patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy and receiving antiepileptic medication between May 2010 to May 2015. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data of epilepsy patients with a follow-up of at least two years were collected. Data was entered into Epidata software and imported into the statistical package for the social sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) for analysis. Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors of seizure remission.

Result

A total of 404 study participants were followed for 1579.25-person years (median 44.0 months). Of them, 64.6% remained seizure-free for at least one year. High frequency of pre-treatment seizure (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]= 0.716, 95% CI: 0.558–0.919), poor early response (AHR= 0.339, 95% CI: 0.256–0.449), poor adherence (AHR= 0.719, 95% CI 0.546–0.942) and being on polytherapy (AHR= 0.563, 95% CI: 0.420–0.756) were significant predictors of poor seizure remission.

Conclusion

Only about two third of the patients achieved a one-year seizure remission period. High pre-treatment seizure frequency, poor early response, being on polytherapy and nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs were the independent predictors of poor seizure remission. Early identification and prediction of patients likely to be unresponsive based on the present findings need to be considered.
Pneumococcal surface protein C group 4 of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant factor to human invasive pneumococcal diseases
Authors: Miyazaki Haruko , Chang Bin , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Fukushima Noritoshi , Shibuya Rie , Miyazaki Yoshitusgu , Matsumoto Tetsuya 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative pathogen of non-invasive and invasive disease worldwide. Although many virulence factors of S. pneumoniae have been reported, the knowledge of the relationship between these factors and clinical features of pneumococcal infection is limited. To clarify factors leading from non-invasive to invasive disease, we analyzed virulence factor genes of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients and evaluated relationship between presence or absence of the genes and clinical features.

Methods

Pneumococcal surface protein (Psp)A families (pspA F1 and pspA F2), PspC group 4 (pspC.4), Pilus-1 (rrgC), and Pilus-2 (sipA) virulence factor genes were measured by PCR using 13 isolates from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and 111 from patients with non-invasive pneumococcal diseases (NIPD) in a community hospital in Japan during 2016. We also tested serotype of isolates. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression analysis for calculating adjusted odds ratio (AOR).

Results

Isolates from IPD carried pspC.4 at significantly higher rate (69.2%) than from NIPD (AOR 10.58 [95% CI, 2.67-41.87]). Proportions of pspC.4 positive isolates were varied depending on serotype. There found 13 serotypes (including non-typeable) that had pspC.4, and 7 of the 13 pspC.4-carrying serotypes caused invasive diseases while 2 of 12 non-pspC.4 serotypes did. Relationships between IPD and pspA F1, pspA F2, rrgC, or sipA were not significant.

Conclusions

It is suggested that positive pspC.4 gene in S. pneumoniae is related with invasive pneumococcal diseases in this study. Further studies of virulence factors are required to elucidate S. pneumoniae pathogenicity.
Association of polymorphisms in SLC gene family with risk of leprosy and malformation in Chinese familial and sporadic patients
Authors: Xiaohua Wang , Mei Junpu , Que Shouhong , Li Ming , wu Xueli , Huang Junxin , Zheng Daocheng , Yang Bin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and usually affects the skin surface and peripheral nerves, and may lead to deformities if not be healed. Genes in solute carrier (SLC) super-family encode a series of the largest transport-proteins, and are reported to be associated with several connective tissue diseases. Methods: Here we performed a multiple-stage study to investigate the polymorphisms of SLC gene family in familial leprosy patients using whole exome sequencing data and sporadic leprosy patients using TaqMan custom genotyping assays, in China. Results: We found that, rs202071873 in SLC35E1 is associated with leprosy, rs3731865 in SLC11A1 and rs117820608 in SLC35E2B are associated with the degree of malformation in leprosy. Conclusions: This report of the polymorphisms in SLC gene family supports the view of a important role of human genetics in the natural development of the disease.
Key word：Leprosy；solute carrier (SLC) super-family；Genes