bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Colorimetric Detection of Fe (III) Using Metallochromic Tannin‐Impregnated Silica Strips
Authors: Khattab Tawfik A. , Fouda Moustafa M. G. , Allam Ahmed A. , Othman Sarah I. , Bin‐Jumah May , Al‐Harbi Hanan M. , Rehan Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA solid state sensor tool used for determination of ferric ions (Fe+3) in an aqueous medium was developed using the environmental friendly tannin polyphenolic biomolecule as spectroscopic probe and silica plates as a host strip. The colorimetric recognition of the analyte is based on a tanna‐activated silica dipstick with a determination limit in the ppm level. The best detection of Fe (III) was accomplished in a pH range from 3.2 to 8.8. The metallochromic tannin‐impregnated silica diagnostic tool provided an instant color alteration from yellow to dark purple upon immersion in an aqueous environment of ferric cation as was demonstrated by the coloration measurements. This color shift is proportionally correlated with increasing the ferric concentration. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were performed. The sensor demonstrated high selectivity to Fe (III), while no color change was monitored for other metals. The recognition mechanism of ferric occurs via tannic (polyphenolic)‐Fe (III) polydentate complex creation. Different spectroscopic techniques, including scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy as well as elemental mapping were utilized to characterize the tannic‐Fe (III) complex formation on the silica dipstick.
Exploring Reaction Mechanisms for the Reduction of NO Molecules over Al‐ or Si‐Anchored Graphene Oxide: A Metal‐Free Approach
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing periodic density functional theory calculations, the catalytic reduction of NO molecules is studied over a Al‐ or Si‐anchored graphene oxide (GO). It is found that the epoxy groups over GO could trap the Al or Si atom with a large adsorption energy and high diffusion barrier. Both “direct dissociation” and “dimer” mechanisms are studied for the reduction of NO molecules to N2O over these surfaces. According to our results, the NO reduction over Al or Si anchored GO proceeds through a dimer mechanism, due to its low activation energy. Moreover, the dimer mechanism should be more favorable than the direct dissociation since the adsorption energy of the (NO)2 dimer is found to be larger than that of a single NO monomer. Besides, the Si‐anchored GO exhibits higher catalytic activity than the Al‐anchored one. We hope that results of present study provide a valuable guidance on design graphene‐based single‐atom catalysts to remove toxic NO molecules.
A Facile Iron‐Catalyzed Coupling of N‐Activated Benzyl Amines with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds through C‐N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Paul Dipankar , Chatterjee Paresh N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBenzylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using benzyl amines is considered to be a challenging endeavour. In the method presented here, FeCl3 is utilized as an efficient catalyst for the benzylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds through C−N bond cleavage of N‐activated benzyl amines. Several electron‐withdrawing groups were examined for activating the amino functionality of the benzyl amine. The method furnishes very good yields of the coupling products for a wide range of N‐activated benzyl amines and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. Inexpensiveness, easy availability and low toxicity of the catalyst in addition to mild reaction conditions impart great value to this method for its use in organic synthesis.
Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic Hydrocarbons by Iron‐Based Metal Organic Framework as Solid Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Nagarjun Nagarathinam , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present work, the aerobic oxidation of indan is reported using Fe(BTC) (BTC: 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate) as solid heterogeneous catalyst and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as an additive under mild reaction conditions. Although aerobic oxidation of indane has been reported earlier using MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts, these methods require higher reaction temperature and catalytic amounts of radical initiator. Therefore, this study aims to report the aerobic oxidation of indan employing Fe(BTC) as catalyst without the need of initiators under mild reaction temperature. The catalytic data reveal that the indan conversion reaches to 18% with 97% selectivity of indanol at 80 °C in acetonitrile as solvent. Furthermore, the catalyst stability is surveyed by performing reusability experiments and observing no decay in its activity. On other hand, comparison of fresh with three times reused Fe(BTC) samples by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicates that the crystallinity and morphology of the reused sample, respectively is retained during the course of the reaction. Finally, two times reused Fe(BTC) exhibits similar electron spin resonance (ESR) pattern with that of fresh Fe(BTC), suggesting no changes in the oxidation state of iron.
Facile Fabrication of Unimpeded and Stable Graphene Oxide Coating on Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Dual‐Functional Protection
Authors: Hu Ruirui , Wang Chen , Liu Xu , He Yijia , Zhao Guoke , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMembrane fouling and chlorination have remained the greatest threats to durable reverse osmosis (RO) membrane applications. Here, we report a facile technique of high pressure assisted deposition (HPSD) to physically anchor stable graphene oxide (GO) coatings on RO membranes for simultaneous dual‐functional protection against fouling and chlorination without sacrifice of water flux. Thick coatings were directly prepared by HPSD, and a subsequent “skin‐removing” method was used to obtain GO thin coatings with stronger adhesion. The measurement of GO coating thickness was achieved by a “removing‐transferring” method, demonstrating a thickness of 200 and 50 nm for GO thick and thin coatings, respectively. Benefiting from our coating deposition technique of HPSD, 100% of coverage by GO was achieved for both GO coated membranes. The filtration test showed that GO coating was highly permeable to water resulted from the optimized small size of GO sheets (∼200 nm) and the unique water transport properties through GO laminates. The GO thin coating could effectively alleviate the membrane fouling by rendering membrane surface more hydrophilic and smoother, while the thick coating reversely aggravated the fouling due to the more hydrophobic surface. In addition, GO coating could dramatically improve the chlorine stability of RO membrane by impeding the diffusion of reactive chlorine, with a high level of salt rejection after chlorination for GO coated membranes.
A Simple, Mild and Straight forward Route for the Synthesis of α‐Ureidopeptidomimetics Using Cbz‐Protected Amino Acid Esters
Authors: Ramachandra Sagar N. , Srinivasulu C. , Hosamani Basavaprabhu , L Santhosh , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of α‐ureidopeptidomimetics employing a simple, mild and straight forward route starting from benzyloxy carbonyl (Cbz‐) protected amino acid esters in presence of 2‐Cl pyridine (2‐chloropyridine) and Tf2O (triflic anhydride) in one‐pot is described. The in situ generated isocyanate intermediates react with amino acid esters to yield the title compounds in good yields (89‐96%) and the protocol proved to be racemization free.
A Novel Self‐Assembled Mitochondria‐Targeting Protein Nanoparticle Acting as Theranostic Platform for Cancer
Authors: Zhu Xin‐Jie , Li Ri‐Fei , Xu Liang , Yin Hui , Chen Long , Yuan Ye , Zhong Wu , Lin Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembled protein nanoparticles have attracted much attention in biomedicine because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Protein nanoparticles have become widely utilized as diagnostic or therapeutic agents for various cancers. However, there are no reports that protein nanoparticles can specifically target mitochondria. This targeting is desirable, since mitochondria are critical in the development of cancer cells. In this study, the discovery of a novel self‐assembled metal protein nanoparticle, designated GST‐MT‐3, is reported, which targets the mitochondria of cancer cells within 30 min in vitro and rapidly accumulates in tumors within 1 h in vivo. The nanoparticles chelate cobalt ions [GST‐MT‐3(Co2+)], which induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects lead to antitumor activity in vivo. GST‐MT‐3(Co2+) with covalently conjugated paclitaxel synergistically suppress tumors and prolong survival. Importantly, the effective dosage of paclitaxel is 50‐fold lower than that utilized in standard chemotherapy (0.2 vs 10 mg kg−1). To the best of the authors' knowledge, GST‐MT‐3 is the first reported protein nanoparticle that targets mitochondria. It has the potential to be an excellent platform for combination therapies.
Characterization of hafting adhesives using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Perrault Katelynn A. , Dubois Lena M. , Cnuts Dries , Rots Veerle , Focant Jean‐François , Stefanuto Pierre‐Hugues 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe determination of the presence and the composition of residues from organic materials on archeological objects allows the behavior of our prehistoric ancestors to be better understood. The functional analysis of tools used for daily life activities, such as hunting or hide working, represents an important source of information. However, the chemical characterization of residues from archeological artifacts represents an analytical challenge. On one hand, the residues are made of different natural materials containing hundreds of chemicals. This complexity requires advanced analytical procedures to separate and identify the constituents. On the other hand, the low quantity and the advanced degradation require sensitive and non‐destructive methods. In this study, an approach employing headspace sampling (solid‐phase microextraction) with comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high‐resolution‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was developed for the characterization of adhesive residues on simulated archeological artifacts. First, the performance of the analytical system was evaluated on a standard mixture and a pine resin sample. Next, adhesives and adhesives mixtures were analyzed that represented typical compositions that have been witnessed in archaeological applications. This analytical approach is a gateway into new potential for headspace organic residue characterization as a first step of analysis prior to altering residues for additional characterization.
Overexpression of IGF‐IIRα regulates cardiac remodeling and aggravates high salt induced apoptosis and fibrosis in transgenic rats
Authors: Chang Ruey‐Lin , Nithiyanantham Srinivasan , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Pai Pei‐Ying , Chang Tung‐Ti , Lai Chao‐Hung , Chen Ray‐Jade , Vijaya Padma Viswanadha , Huang Chih‐Yang , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIGF‐IIR activation regulates cardiac remodeling leading to apoptosis. Here, we identified the novel IGF‐IIRα (150 KDa), a truncated IGF‐IIR transcript enhances cardiac apoptosis under high‐salt uptake in transgenic rat model. Echocardiographic analysis revealed decline in ejection fraction and fractional shortening percentage in IGF‐IIRα (TG) rats. We found that IGF‐IIRα TG rats developed severe apoptosis and fibrosis as identified through TUNEL assay and Masson's trichrome staining. Importantly, the heart functioning, apoptosis, and fibrosis were significantly affected under high‐salt conditions in IGF‐IIRα (TG) rats. Significant upregulation of apoptosis was evident from decreased Bcl‐2, p‐AKT, and p‐PI3K expressions with concomitant increase in Bad, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3 levels. We found that, IGF‐IIRα highly induced tissue fibrosis through collagen accumulation (col I, col III) and up regulated various fibrotic markers such as tPA, uPA, TGF‐β, and vimentin expressions. The observed upregulation of fibrosis were significantly regulated under high‐salt conditions and their over regulation under IGF‐IIRα over expressions shows the key role of IGF‐IIRα in promoting high‐salt induced fibrosis. During IGF‐IIRα over expression induced cardiotoxicity, under high salt condition, and it destroys the interaction between CHIP and HSF1, which promotes the degradation of HSF1 and results in upregulation of IGF‐IIR/IGF‐IIRα expressions. Altogether, the study unveils novel IGF‐IIRα in the regulation of cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis under high‐salt diet.
The Impact of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights on Anti-Discrimination Law: More a Whimper than a Bang?
Authors: WARD Angela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article explores the influence of Articles 20 and 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union in the development of EU equal treatment law, with emphasis on forms of discrimination precluded by Council Directive 2000/43 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin, and Directive 2000/78 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. The author contends that although Articles 20 and 21 are primary measure of EU law, their impact in the development of case law elaborated pursuant to the Directives is relatively muted. This may have stunted the development of jurisprudence on the relationship between Articles 20 and 21 of the Charter, and rules contained in Title VI of the Charter governing its interpretation and application, such as Article 52(3) on the relationship between the Charter and the European Convention on Human Rights, and Article 52(1) on justified limitations. The author forewarns against the emergence of incoherence in the case law in this context, and with respect to the role of Articles 20 and 21 in disputes over the meaning of Directives 2000/43 and 2000/78 and calls for fuller reflection on Charter rules in disputes based on an allegation of discrimination.
Mixed-methods analysis of glove use as a barrier to hand hygiene
Authors: Acquarulo Blake A. , Sullivan Linda , Gentile Anthony L. , Boyce John M. , Martinello Richard A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExamination gloves have been previously noted as a possible barrier to hand hygiene. We performed a prospective quantitative and qualitative study to investigate. Glove usage was found to be a potential barrier to hand hygiene; this was driven by desire for personal safety and potentially learned during professional training.
Revision of the Age of Construction Phases of a Mound Dated to the Late Copper–Early Bronze Age in Eastern Hungary Relying on14C-Based Chronologies
Authors: Szilágyi Gábor , Sümegi Pál , Gulyás Sándor , Molnár Dávid 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTEcse Mound is a burial mound in the Hortobágy region of eastern Hungary. Built by prehistoric nomadic peoples from the east, it now stands on the border between two modern settlements. The construction of the mound was assumed to be related to representatives of the Pit Grave Culture populating the area between the Late Copper and Bronze Ages. This theory considered similarities in shape, orientation, and stratigraphy of this mound with other absolute-dated ones in the Hortobágy region alone. The mound comprises two construction layers as indicated by magnetic susceptibility and on-site stratigraphic observations. According to detailed sedimentological, geochemical analyses of samples taken from the bedrock, artificial stratigraphic horizons, and the overlying topsoil, there is a marked similarity between the soil forming the body of the mound in both artificial horizons and the underlying bedrock soil. In contrast the pedological, geological character of the modern topsoil is utterly different. According to our dating results, the uppermost stratigraphic horizon is coeval with the absolute-dated mounds in the region, assigning it to the period of the Pit Grave Culture. However, the lower anthropological horizon is older and dates to between the Early and Late Copper Ages.
Archaeological Materials of Eneolithic Settlements in Forest-Steppe Zone of the Volga Region: A Source for Diet and Chronology
Authors: Korolev A , Kulkova M M , Platonov V , Roslyakova N , Shalapinin A , Yanish Y E 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe study the diet of Eneolithic populations is of great interest to archaeologists. However, the studies undertaken in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Volga region in Russia have left many issues unsolved. Data collected recently through the comprehensive studies of Lebyazhinka VI settlement enable us to change this situation. Of particular importance at this settlement site is good preservation of animal bones, bone fishing tools, and ceramics of the same type with food crusts and connected to a large house pit. For the first time in this geographical area, bones of domestic animals were found in the fill of a dwelling. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained through comprehensive studies of diet and economy in the Eneolithic based on the materials from Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlement sites. The main results of the archaeozoological analysis— determinations of species, age and size of the animals—provide the necessary data for studying the diet. We conclude that there are differences between Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlements. Lebyazhinka III settlement included bones of only wild species, however, Lebyazhinka VI settlement consists of wild and domestic species.
What Is the Carbon Origin of Early-Wood?
Authors: Kudsk Sabrina G K , Olsen Jesper , Nielsen Lasse N , Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra , Knudsen Mads F , Karoff Christoffer 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTSubstantial amounts of annual radiocarbon (14C) data have recently been produced with the purpose of increasing the time resolution of14C records used for constructing the calibration curve and for studying the occurrence of abrupt cosmic-ray events. In this study, we investigate if it is possible to resolve sub-annual scale changes in the atmospheric14C content by measuring radiocarbon in early-wood and late-wood fractions from Danish oak. The tree-ring samples span the period 1954–1970 CE, hereby covering the peak of the bomb pulse. A least squares test comparing the atmospheric14C content and the new sub-annual14C record from Danish tree rings reveals that by measuring early-wood and late-wood fractions, it may be possible to resolve sub-annual variations in past atmospheric14C levels.
Factorizations in Bounded Hereditary Noetherian Prime Rings
Authors: Smertnig Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIfHis a monoid anda = u1···uk ∈ Hwith atoms (irreducible elements)u1, … ,uk, thenkis a length ofa, the set of lengths ofais denoted byⅬ(a), and ℒ(H) = {Ⅼ(a) |a ∈ H} is the system of sets of lengths ofH. LetRbe a hereditary Noetherian prime (HNP) ring. Then every element of the monoid of non-zero-divisorsR•can be written as a product of atoms. We show that ifRis bounded and every stably free rightR-ideal is free, then there exists a transfer homomorphism fromR•to the monoidBof zero-sum sequences over a subsetGmax(R) of the ideal class groupG(R). This implies that the systems of sets of lengths, together with further arithmetical invariants, of the monoidsR•andBcoincide. It is well known that commutative Dedekind domains allow transfer homomorphisms to monoids of zero-sum sequences, and the arithmetic of the latter has been the object of much research. Our approach is based on the structure theory of finitely generated projective modules over HNP rings, as established in the recent monograph by Levy and Robson. We complement our results by giving an example of a non-bounded HNP ring in which every stably free rightR-ideal is free but which does not allow a transfer homomorphism to a monoid of zero-sum sequences over any subset of its ideal class group.
Geochemistry and geochronology of OIB-type, Early Jurassic magmatism in the Zhangguangcai range, NE China, as a result of continental back-arc extension
Authors: Feng Guangying , Dilek Yildirim , Niu Xiaolu , Liu Fei , Yang Jingsui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Zhangguangcai Range in the Xing’an Mongolian Orogenic Belt, NE China, contains Early Jurassic (c. 188 Ma) Dabaizigou (DBZG) porphyritic dolerite. Compared with other island-arc mafic rocks, the DBZG dolerite is characterized by high trace-element contents, relatively weak Nb and Ta enrichments, and no Zr, Hf or Ti depletions, similar to OIB-type rocks. Analysed rocks have (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7033–0.7044, relatively uniform positive ɛNd(t) values of 2.3–3.2 and positive ɛHf(t) values of 8.5–17.1. Trace-element and isotopic modelling indicates that the DBZG mafic rocks were generated by partial melting of asthenospheric mantle under garnet- to spinel-facies conditions. The occurrence of OIB-like mafic intrusion suggests significant upwelling of the asthenosphere in response to lithospheric attenuation caused by continental rifting. These processes occurred in an incipient continental back-arc environment in the upper plate of a palaeo-Pacific slab subducting W–NW beneath East Asia.
Familism values across the transition to adolescent motherhood: Links to family functioning and Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ adjustment
Authors: Updegraff Kimberly A. , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Zeiders Katharine H. , Bravo Diamond Y. , Jahromi Laudan B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFamilism values are conceptualized as a key source of resilience for Latino adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment. The current study addressed the developmental progression and correlates of familism within the context of the transition to adolescent motherhood. Participants were 191 Mexican-origin pregnant adolescents (15 to 18 years of age at first pregnancy; Mage = 16.76 years; SD = 0.98) who were having their first child. Adolescents completed interviews during their third trimester of pregnancy and annually for 5 years after (Waves 1 through 6). We examined changes in familism values across the transition to adolescent motherhood and the moderating role of age at pregnancy. Moderation analyses revealed differences in familism trajectories for younger versus older adolescents. We also examined whether familism values were related to family relationship dynamics (i.e., adolescents’ relationships with their own mother figures) and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment, respectively, using multilevel models to test both between-person and within-person associations. Adolescents’ stronger familism values were related to adolescent–mother figure warmth and conflict, coparenting communication, and three dimensions of social support from mother figures, but no associations emerged for coparental conflict, adolescents’ depressive symptoms, or self-esteem. Discussion addresses these findings in the context of culturally grounded models of ethnic–racial minority youth development and psychopathology.
Ethnic–racial identity content and the development of depressive symptoms among Latino adolescents
Authors: Cross Fernanda L. , Hoffman Adam J. , Constante Kevin , Rivas-Drake Deborah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current study examined the concurrent and prospective associations of ethnic–racial identity content (i.e., centrality, private regard, and public regard) and depressive symptomatology among Latino adolescents. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of Latino adolescents (N = 148, 53.4% girls) who were 13–14 years old at Wave 1. Results indicated that higher ethnic–racial centrality at Waves 1 and 2 predicted fewer depressive symptoms at Waves 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, more positive private regard at Wave 1 predicted fewer depressive symptoms at Wave 2, and more positive public regard at Wave 2 predicted fewer symptoms at Wave 3. Thus, ethnic–racial identity content may serve as a cultural protective factor that is linked to diminished depressive symptomatology among Latino youth.