bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering Cultural Competence in Nursing Students Through International Service Immersion Experiences
Authors: Dyches Cathy , Haynes-Ferere Angela , Haynes Twilla 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:Using an ethnographical case study method, faculty members examined senior nursing students' experiences and learning during a cultural immersion service-learning trip in Haiti. Pediatric care was emphasized, as well as cultural awareness and competency. Following thematic analysis, students' guided reflections revealed common themes: knowledge and skills, culture, healthcare, and challenges and opportunities. Students also reported improved cultural understanding and self-perception.
Medical Oversight and Scope of Practice of Medical Spas (Med-Spas)
Authors: Gibson Juliet F. , Srivastava Divya , Nijhawan Rajiv I. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
The regulation of medical spas (med-spas) in the United States varies considerably from state to state with important ramifications for patient safety.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the current state of med-spas in the United States and degree of medical oversight in these facilities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Descriptive study based on web search and standardized phone interviews of med-spas in the most heavily populated cities in each state of the United States. Information obtained included the following: whether medical directors were listed; if so, whether they were advertised as being on site; medical directors' training and board certification; and services offered.

RESULTS
Of 247 medical spas reviewed, 72% advertised a medical director on their website, and 6.5% claimed that the director was on site. Of listed medical directors, 41% were trained in dermatology and/or plastic surgery. In phone interviews, 79% of med-spas endorsed the medical director to be board certified, and 52% stated that the medical director was on site less than 50% of the time.

CONCLUSION
There is significant variation in medical directorship and oversight among medical spas in the United States. Appropriate regulation of medical directors' training and the degree of oversight provided are warranted to optimize patient safety.
Phacoemulsification With 3.0 and 2.0 mm Opposite Clear Corneal Incisions for Correction of Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Ren Yueping , Fang Xiuxiu , Fang Aiwu , Wang Le , Jhanji Vishal , Gong Xianhui 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To compare the effect of 3.0 and 2.0 mm opposite clear corneal incisions (OCCIs) in phacoemulsification on reduction of preexisting corneal astigmatism, and their impact on corneal aberrations.

Methods:
This study is a prospective randomized controlled study that included 140 patients with age-related cataract and regular corneal astigmatism ≥0.75 diopter (D). Phacoemulsification was performed using on-meridian 3.0 or 2.0 mm corneal incision with or without an OCCI. Cases were divided into 4 groups: 3.0 mm OCCIs, 3.0 mm single clear corneal incision (3.0 mm SCCI), 2.0 mm OCCIs, and 2.0 mm SCCI. Keratometry and topography were performed at 3 months postoperatively. The variations in corneal astigmatism and aberrations were recorded. Surgically induced astigmatism was calculated using vector analysis.

Results:
The corneal astigmatism reduction was 0.61 ± 0.38 D in the 3.0 mm OCCIs group, significantly higher than the other groups (P ≤ 0.004); and 0.29 ± 0.29 D in the 2.0 mm OCCIs group. The mean surgically induced astigmatism was 1.07 ± 0.51 D in the 3.0 mm OCCIs group, higher than 0.61 ± 0.35 D in the 2.0 mm OCCIs group (P = 0.001). The root mean square values of corneal trefoil, spherical aberration, and total higher order aberrations increased at 3 months postoperatively, but there were no significant differences between OCCI and SCCI groups.

Conclusions:
On-meridian 3.0 mm OCCIs are effective for correcting mild-to-moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery, exerting no additional impact on corneal aberration compared with SCCI.
Increased Serum Levels of Cortisol and Inflammatory Cytokines in People With Depression
Authors: Jia Yong , Liu Linlin , Sheng Chuqiao , Cheng Zhaohua , Cui Lianzhi , Li Min , Zhao Yawei , Shi Tongfei , Yau Tung On , Li Feng , Chen Li 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at measuring the correlation and association between serum levels of cortisol, inflammatory cytokines, and depression and to measure the detection accuracy of serum levels of cortisol in serum samples. In total, 89 male participants were recruited into this study from June 15, 2017, to September 31, 2017. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to investigate the mental health status of the participants. Serum concentrations of cortisol and inflammatory cytokines were determined. The serum cortisol concentration, anxiety level, and sleep quality were included in the final logistic regression model. Serum cortisol was able to accurately distinguish between patients with depression and those without depression. There was a significant positive correlation between serum cortisol levels and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores.
Approaches to Recruitment of Postmenopausal Women for a Community-Based Study
Authors: Waltman Nancy L. , Smith Kara M. , Kupzyk Kevin A. , Lappe Joan M. , Mack Lynn R. , Bilek Laura D. 
Published: March 2019

Background
Few researchers have focused on the challenges of recruiting postmenopausal women for community-based research. Researchers have reported that multiple methods may be needed to recruit the required number of subjects. One contemporary approach to recruitment is use of Facebook. More studies are needed examining Facebook as a recruitment strategy.

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine which recruitment methods were most successful and cost-effective in recruiting postmenopausal women for a randomized controlled trial on bone loss.

Methods
Subjects were 276 postmenopausal women who had osteopenia and were within 5 years of menopause. Multiple methods were used to recruit women. To determine which methods were successful, women were asked how they learned about the study. Descriptive data were used to examine recruitment numbers as well as to determine the cost-effectiveness and enrollment efficiency of recruitment methods.

Results
Healthcare provider letters yielded the highest number of enrolled subjects (n = 58), followed by postcard mailings (n = 47), and Facebook posts (n = 44). Eleven subjects were referred by family and friends, five subjects were from newspaper or television, and two were from digital ads. Cost of recruitment per subject enrolled was highest with digital ads and postcard mailings.

Discussion
Recruitment could be more costly and time-consuming than anticipated. Recruitment using direct-targeted mailings, such as provider letters and postcards, was successful in our study and has been effective in previous studies reviewed. Facebook was successful for recruitment in our study and may continue to be useful for recruitment in the future, as the number of women accessing Facebook continues to increase.
Understanding trauma systems
Authors: Miclau Theodore 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide. Many more survive their injuries and face lifelong disabilities, including limiting musculoskeletal conditions that significantly impact individuals and societies. According to the World Health Organization, the burden of injury resulting from trauma will continue to increase. Despite this expected increase, trauma systems remain poorly described and understood. This supplement, which represents a collaboration of member societies of the International Orthopaedic Trauma Association, will describe trauma systems in countries from 5 different continents. The expectation is that this work will assist in identifying existing trauma systems and developing strategies for improvements in post-injury care worldwide.
Arrhythmogenic Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Associated With Fibromuscular Dysplasia of Ostial Right Main Coronary Artery
Authors: Farkašová Iannaccone Silvia , Vasovčák Peter , Sopková Dorota , Švajdler Peter , Dettmeyer Reinhard , Rampazzo Alessandra , Farkaš Daniel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article, we report the autopsy findings of a 23-year-old woman, who was found unconscious at home by her relatives. During the transportation to the hospital, the woman was handed over to the ambulance personnel, who were the first to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the hospital, after an hour-lasting asystole, the heart activity was restored. Prolonged cardiac arrest led to hypoxic brain injury, which resulted in a persistent coma. Examinations carried out during hospitalization detected hypokinetic interventricular septum, frequent ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular fibrillation. The patient died within 35 hours of admission to the hospital. Gross findings of the heart included a noticeable increase of the adipose tissue in the right ventricular wall, where histologically focal myocardial atrophy with focal transmural lipomatosis reaching endocardium were detected. Death was attributed to arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy. Pathogenic variants in JUP gene and KCNH2 gene confirmed the diagnosis. Other finding of note was fibromuscular dysplasia of ostial right main coronary artery causing a significant luminal narrowing.
First Impressions Matter: How Initial Worries Influence Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring
Authors: van der Straten Ariane , Browne Erica N. , Shapley-Quinn Mary Kate , Brown Elizabeth R. , Reddy Krishnaveni , Scheckter Rachel , Soto-Torres Lydia , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Baeten Jared M. , Mensch Barbara ,   for the MTN-020/ASPIRE Study Team
Published: March 2019

Background:
In MTN-020/ASPIRE, a dapivirine vaginal ring effectiveness trial in sub-Saharan Africa, we assessed whether worries about ring use changed over time and were associated with adherence.

Methods:
Participants (N = 2585) were surveyed at baseline and follow-up about worries regarding daily ring use. First, they answered a question about general worries and then responded to 15 items covering specific worries. From a nested qualitative component (N = 214), we extracted themes related to ring worries and adherence. Seven months into the trial, aggregate adherence data were shared with study sites as part of an intervention that included counseling and social support. Nonadherence was defined as dapivirine plasma levels of ≤95 pg/mL. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to assess changes in ring worries and nonadherence from baseline to month 3 and later.

Results:
Worry about wearing the ring decreased from 29% at baseline to 4% at month 3 (P < 0.001), while having a specific worry decreased from 47% to 16% (P < 0.001). Among those enrolled before intervention, 29% with baseline worries were nonadherent at month 3 (95% confidence interval: 19% to 39%) compared to 14% without worries (95% confidence interval: 9% to 19%; P = 0.005); the difference persisted through month 6. There was no difference in nonadherence by baseline worry for those enrolled after intervention (P = 0.40). In the qualitative subset, initial ring anxieties reportedly subsided with self-experimentation and practice and the beneficial influence of the intervention.

Conclusions:
Although worries may be an initial deterrent to correct ring use, intervening early by leveraging social influences from peers and clinicians should facilitate successful adoption and correct ring use.
Cavernous Angioma Mimicking Meningioma
Authors: Uzunoglu Inan , Guvenc Gonul , Kizmazoglu Ceren , Aydin Hasan Emre , Kaya Ismail , Rezanko Turkan Atasever , Yuceer Nurullah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The authors present a rare case of cavernous angioma mimicking a meningioma in a 58-year-old man who presented with a headache and dizziness. There were no neurological deficits or other neurological symptoms or signs. An extra-axial mass lesion thought to be associated with diffusely well-enhanced falx in the postcontrast sections was noted in the posterior interhemispheric fissure near the posterior part of the corpus callosum splenium. Extra-axial cavernous angiomas (cavernomas) are extremely rare lesions. They most commonly occur in the parenchyma but have been occasionally reported to arise from the dura matter. Dural cavernous angiomas arise from dural sinuses, falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, cranial base dura, or internal auditory canal dura and convexity. Parenchymal cavernous angiomas classically have a ring of hemosiderin surrounding the lesions observed on magnetic resonance imaging, but dural cavernous angiomas do not display the same magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and occasionally exhibit a dural tail sign due to which they can often be misdiagnosed as meningiomas.
The impact of modern-day neuroimaging on the field of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Horn Andreas 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established but growing treatment option for multiple brain disorders. Over the last decade, electrode placement and their effects were increasingly analyzed with modern-day neuroimaging methods like spatial normalization, fibertracking, or resting-state functional MRI. Similarly, specialized basal ganglia MRI sequences were introduced and imaging at high field strengths has become increasingly popular.

Recent findings
To facilitate the process of precise electrode localizations, specialized software pipelines were introduced. By those means, DBS targets could recently be refined and significant relationships between electrode placement and clinical improvement could be shown. Furthermore, by combining electrode reconstructions with network imaging methods, relationships between electrode connectivity and clinical improvement were investigated. This led to a broad series of imaging-based insights about DBS that are reviewed in the present work.

Summary
The reviewed literature makes a strong case that brain imaging plays an increasingly important role in DBS targeting and programming. Furthermore, brain imaging will likely help to better understand the mechanism of action of DBS.
Minimally-invasive nasal sampling in children offers accurate pneumococcal colonization detection
Authors: Nikolaou Elissavet , Blizard Annie , Pojar Sherin , Mitsi Elena , German Esther L. , Reiné Jesús , Hill Helen , McNamara Paul S. , Collins Andrea M. , Ferreira Daniela M. , Jochems Simon P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNasopharyngeal colonization of potential respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major source of transmission and precursor of invasive disease. Swabbing deeply the nasopharynx, which is currently recommended by WHO, provides accurate pneumococcal detection but is unpleasant. We showed that nasal lining fluid filter strips offer equal detection sensitivity.
Engineered phenotype patterns in microbial populations
Authors: Bittihn Philip , Didovyk Andriy , Tsimring Lev S. , Hasty Jeff 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRapid advances in cellular engineering1,2have positioned synthetic biology to address therapeutic3,4and industrial5problems, but a significant obstacle is the myriad of unanticipated cellular responses in heterogeneous environments such as the gut6,7, solid tumors8,9, bioreactors10or soil11. Complex interactions between the environment and cells often arise through non-uniform nutrient availability, which can generatebidirectionalcoupling as cells both adjust to and modify their local environment through different growth phenotypes across a colony.12,13While spatial sensing14and gene expression patterns15–17have been explored under homogeneous conditions, the mutual interaction between gene circuits, growth phenotype, and the environment remains a challenge for synthetic biology. Here, we design gene circuits which sense and control spatiotemporal phenotype patterns in a model system of heterogeneous microcolonies containing both growing and dormant bacteria. We implement pattern control by coupling different downstream modules to a tunable sensor module that leveragesE. coli⁉sstress response and is activated upon growth arrest. One is an actuator module that slows growth and thereby creates an environmental negative feedback via nutrient diffusion. We build a computational model of this system to understand the interplay between gene regulation, population dynamics, and chemical transport, which predicts oscillations in both growth and gene expression. Experimentally, this circuit indeed generates robust cycling between growth and dormancy in the interior of the colony. We also use the stress sensor to drive an inducible gating module that enables selective gene expression in non-dividing cells. The ‘stress-gated lysis circuit’ derived from this module radically alters the growth pattern through elimination of the dormant phenotype upon a chemical cue. Our results establish a strategy to leverage and control the presence of distinct microbial growth phenotypes for synthetic biology applications in complex environments.
Connectivity profile of thalamic deep brain stimulation to effectively treat essential tremor
Authors: Al-Fatly Bassam , Ewert Siobhan , Kübler Dorothee , Kroneberg Daniel , Horn Andreas , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEssential tremor is the most prevalent movement disorder and is often refractory to medical treatment. Deep brain stimulation offers a therapeutic approach that can efficiently control tremor symptoms. Several deep brain stimulation targets (ventral intermediate nucleus, zona incerta, posterior subthalamic area) have been discussed for tremor treatment. Effective deep brain stimulation therapy for tremor critically involves optimal targeting to modulate the tremor network. This could potentially become more robust and precise by using state-of-the-art brain connectivity measurements. In the current study, we utilized two normative brain connectomes (structural and functional) to show the pattern of effective deep brain stimulation electrode connectivity in 36 essential tremor patients. Our structural and functional connectivity models were significantly predictive of post-operative tremor improvement in out-of-sample data (p< 0.001 for both structural and functional leave-one-out cross-validation). Additionally, we segregated the somatotopic brain network based on head and hand tremor scores. These resulted in segregations that mapped onto the well-known somatotopic maps of both motor cortex and cerebellum. Crucially, this shows that slightly distinct networks need to be modulated to ameliorate head vs. hand tremor and that those networks could be identified based on somatotopic zones in motor cortex and cerebellum.Finally, we propose a multi-modal connectomic deep brain stimulation sweet spot that may serve as a reference to enhance clinical care, in the future. This spot resided in the posterior subthalamic area, encroaching on the inferior borders of ventral intermediate nucleus and sensory thalamus. Our results underscore the importance of integrating brain connectivity in optimizing deep brain stimulation targeting for essential tremor.
Non-linear effects of socioeconomic status on brain development: associations between parental occupation, cortical thickness and language skills in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Khundrakpam Budhachandra , Choudhury Suparna , Vainik Uku , Al-Sharif Noor , Bhutani Neha , Evans Alan ,   the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudies have pointed to the role of the brain in mediating the effects of the social environment of the developing child on life outcomes. Since brain development involves nonlinear trajectories, these effects of the child’s social context will likely have age-related differential associations with the brain. However, there is still a dearth of integrative research investigating the interplay between neurodevelopmental trajectories, social milieu and life outcomes. We set out to fill this gap, focusing specifically on the role of socioeconomic status, SES (indexed by parental occupation) on brain and cognitive development by analyzing MRI scans from 757 typically-developing subjects (age = 3-21 years). We observed nonlinear interaction of age and SES on cortical thickness, specifically a significant positive association between SES and thickness around 9-13 years at several cortical regions. Using a moderated mediation model, we observed that cortical thickness mediated the link between SES and language abilities, and this mediation was moderated by ‘age’ in a quadratic pattern, indicating a pronounced SES-effect during early adolescence. Our results, drawn from cross-sectional data, provide a basis for further longitudinal studies to test whether early adolescence may be a sensitive time window for the impact of SES on brain and cognitive development.
Differential Tractography as a Track-Based Biomarker for Neuronal Injury
Authors: Yeh Fang-Cheng , Zaydan Islam M. , Suski Valerie R. , Lacomis David , Richardson R. Mark , Maroon Joseph C. , Barrios-Martinez Jessica 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiffusion MRI tractography has been used to map the axonal structure of human brain, but its ability to detect neuronal injury is yet to be explored. Here we report differential tractography, a new type of tractography that utilizes repeat MRI scans and a novel tracking strategy to map the exact segment of fiber pathways with a neuronal injury. We examined differential tractography on multiple sclerosis, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epileptic patients. The results showed that the affected pathways shown by differential tractography matched well with the unique clinical symptoms of the patients, and the false discovery rate of the findings could be estimated using a sham setting to provide a reliability measurement. This novel approach enables a quantitative and objective method to monitor neuronal injury in individuals, allowing for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of brain diseases.
Activity-dependent changes in synaptic protein complex composition are consistent in different detergents despite differential solubility
Authors: Lautz Jonathan D. , Gniffke Edward P. , Brown Emily A. , Immendorf Karen B. , Mendel Ryan D. , Smith Stephen E.P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAt the post-synaptic density (PSD), large protein complexes dynamically form and dissociate in response to synaptic activity, comprising the biophysical basis for learning and memory. The use of detergents to both isolate the PSD fraction and release its membrane-associated proteins complicates studies of these activity-dependent protein interaction networks, because detergents can simultaneously disrupt the very interactions under study. Despite widespread recognition that different detergents yield different experimental results, the effect of detergent on activity-dependent synaptic protein complexes has not been rigorously examined. Here, we characterize the effect of three detergents commonly used to study synaptic proteins on activity-dependent protein interactions. We first demonstrate that SynGAP-containing interactions are more abundant in 1% Deoxycholate (DOC), while Shank-, Homer-and mGluR5-containing interactions are more abundant in 1% NP-40 or Triton. All interactions were detected preferentially in high molecular weight (HMW) complexes generated by size exclusion chromatography, although the detergent-specific abundance of proteins in HMW fractions did not correlate with the abundance of detected interactions. Activity-dependent changes in protein complexes were consistent across detergent types, suggesting that detergents do not isolate distinct protein pools with unique behaviors. However, detection of activity-dependent changes is more or less feasible in different detergents due to baseline solubility. Collectively, our results demonstrate that detergents affect the solubility of individual proteins, but activity-dependent changes in protein interactions, when detectable, are consistent across detergent types.