bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable Antibacterial Polymeric Nanosystems: A New Hope to Cope with Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ding Xiaokang , Wang Anzhi , Tong Wei , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe human society is faced with daunting threats from bacterial infections. Over decades, a variety of antibacterial polymeric nanosystems have exhibited great promise for the eradication of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and persistent biofilms by enhancing bacterial recognition and binding capabilities. In this Review, the “state‐of‐the‐art” biodegradable antibacterial polymeric nanosystems, which could respond to bacteria environments (e.g., acidity or bacterial enzymes) for controlled antibiotic release or multimodal antibacterial treatment, are summarized. The current antibacterial polymeric nanosystems can be categorized into antibiotic‐containing and intrinsic antibacterial nanosystems. The antibiotic‐containing polymeric nanosystems include antibiotic‐encapsulated nanocarriers (e.g., polymeric micelles, vesicles, nanogels) and antibiotic‐conjugated polymer nanosystems for the delivery of antibiotic drugs. On the other hand, the intrinsic antibacterial polymer nanosystems containing bactericidal moieties such as quaternary ammonium groups, phosphonium groups, polycations, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their synthetic mimics, are also described. The biodegradability of the nanosystems can be rendered by the incorporation of labile chemical linkages, such as carbonate, ester, amide, and phosphoester bonds. The design and synthesis of the degradable polymeric building blocks and their fabrications into nanosystems are also explicated, together with their plausible action mechanisms and potential biomedical applications. The perspectives of the current research in this field are also described.
The positive allosteric modulator at mGlu2 receptors, LY487379, reverses the effects of chronic stress‐induced behavioral maladaptation and synaptic dysfunction in the adulthood
Authors: Mango Dalila , Caruso Alessandra , Saidi Amira , Nisticò Robert , Scaccianoce Sergio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChronic stress induces maladaptive neural responses in several brain areas including hippocampus. It has been demonstrated that chronic stress exposure induced a downregulation of the putative presynaptic type 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors, which would reduce the negative feedback role exerted by these receptors. The reduced availability of these receptors would enhance glutamate overflow in the hippocampus, supporting the hypothesis that hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a key etiopathological determinant in stress‐induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Since modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been shown to represent an interesting pharmacological tool to treat psychiatric disorders, in the present study we have investigated the effects of the mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) LY487379. The rational bases of our study were: (a) chronic restraint stress (CRS) application in C57/BALB6 mouse induced a loss of resilience at the behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological level; (b) a superimposed familiar stressor (restraint) but not unfamiliar (i.e., forced swim stress) completely reversed the effects of CRS. Using the CRS model, in the present study we have investigated the effects of LY487379, an mGlu2 PAM, as well as a superimposed familiar stressor (acute restraint stress—ARS), on the immobility time at the tail suspension test and electrophysiological profile of glutamatergic transmission in the dentate gyrus (DG).
The three faces of Sup35
Authors: Lyke Douglas R. , Dorweiler Jane E. , Manogaran Anita L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSup35p is an essential protein in yeast that functions in complex with Sup45p for efficient translation termination. Although some may argue that this function is the only important attribute of Sup35p, there are two additional known facets of Sup35p's biology that may provide equally important functions for yeast; both of which involve various strategies for coping with stress. Recently, the N‐terminal and middle regions (NM) of Sup35p, which are not required for translation termination function, have been found to provide stress‐sensing abilities and facilitate the phase separation of Sup35p into biomolecular condensates in response to transient stress. Interestingly, the same NM domain is also required for Sup35p to misfold and enter into aggregates associated with the [PSI+] prion. Here, we review these three different states or “faces” of Sup35p. For each, we compare the functionality and necessity of different Sup35p domains, including the role these domains play in facilitating interactions with important protein partners, and discuss the potential ramifications that each state affords yeast cells under varying environmental conditions.
The Rejuvenation of Japan
Authors: Teo Victor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an overall introduction to the book by highlighting the main research problematic of Japan’s normalization and rejuvenation against the backdrop of security challenges faced by Japan today. The chapter first provides a conceptual survey of the literature on Japanese foreign policy, highlights the political paradoxes and dilemmas that Japan has faced through the decades since the end of the Pacific War, and demonstrates that even though circumstances and the environment have changed over the years, the fundamental security challenges that Japan face as a nation remain relatively constant. The chapter presents a theoretical discussion of the ideas behind Japan’s “normalization” and “rejuvenation,” and concludes by laying out the theoretical argument put forth by the book and providing a chapter overview of the book.
Screening, expression, purification and characterization of CoA-transferases for lactoyl-CoA generation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Mao Yufeng , Wang Baowei , Cui Zhenzhen , Zhang Zhidan , Wang Zhiwen , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Lactoyl-CoA is critical for the biosynthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible lactate-based copolymers, which have wide applications. However, reports on acetyl-CoA: lactate CoA-transferases (ALCTs) are rare. To exploit novel ALCTs, amino acid sequence similarity searches based on the CoA-transferases from Clostridium propionicum and Megasphaera elsdenii were conducted. Two known and three novel enzymes were expressed, purified and characterized. Three novel ALCTs were identified, one each from Megasphaera sp. DISK 18, Clostridium lactatifermentans An75 and Firmicutes bacterium CAG: 466. ME-PCT from Megasphaera elsdenii had the highest catalytic efficiency for both acetyl-CoA (264.22 s−1 mM−1) and d-lactate (84.18 s−1 mM−1) with a broad temperature range for activity and good stability. This study, therefore, offers novel and efficient enzymes for lactoyl-CoA generation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic mining of ALCTs, which offers valuable new tools for the engineering of pathways that rely on these enzymes.
A Dynamic Game Approach for Demand-Side Management: Scheduling Energy Storage with Forecasting Errors
Authors: Pilz Matthias , Al-Fagih Luluwah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSmart metering infrastructure allows for two-way communication and power transfer. Based on this promising technology, we propose a demand-side management (DSM) scheme for a residential neighbourhood of prosumers. Its core is a discrete time dynamic game to schedule individually owned home energy storage. The system model includes an advanced battery model, local generation of renewable energy, and forecasting errors for demand and generation. We derive a closed-form solution for the best response problem of a player and construct an iterative algorithm to solve the game. Empirical analysis shows exponential convergence towards the Nash equilibrium. A comparison of a DSM scheme with a static game reveals the advantages of the dynamic game approach. We provide an extensive analysis on the influence of the forecasting error on the outcome of the game. A key result demonstrates that our approach is robust even in the worst-case scenario. This grants considerable gains for the utility company organising the DSM scheme and its participants.
Patients with Alzheimer's disease who carry the APOE ε4 allele benefit more from physical exercise
Authors: Jensen Camilla Steen , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Siersma Volkert , Beyer Nina , Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Gottrup Hanne , Hoffman Kristine , Høgh Peter , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Sobol Nanna Aue , Waldemar Gunhild , Wermuth Lene , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionOur group has completed an exercise study of 200 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. We found improvements in cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and physical measures in the participants who adhered to the protocol. Epidemiological studies in healthy elderly suggest that exercise preserves cognitive and physical abilities to a higher extent in APOE ε4 carriers.MethodsIn this post hoc subgroup analysis study, we investigated whether the beneficial effect of an exercise intervention in patients with mild AD was dependent on the patients' APOE genotype.ResultsWe found that patients who were APOE ε4 carriers benefitted more from the exercise intervention by preservation of cognitive performance and improvement in physical measures.DiscussionThis exploratory study establishes a possible connection between the beneficial effects of exercise in AD and the patients' APOE genotype. These findings, if validated, could greatly impact the clinical management of patients with AD and those at risk for developing AD.
Surgical site infection risk following cesarean deliveries covered by Medicaid or private insurance
Authors: Yi Sarah H. , Perkins Kiran M. , Kazakova Sophia V. , Hatfield Kelly M. , Kleinbaum David G. , Baggs James , Slayton Rachel B. , Jernigan John A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective:To compare risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean delivery between women covered by Medicaid and private health insurance.Study design:Retrospective cohort.Study population:Cesarean deliveries covered by Medicaid or private insurance and reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and state inpatient discharge databases by hospitals in California (2011–2013).Methods:Deliveries reported to NHSN and state inpatient discharge databases were linked to identify SSIs in the 30 days following cesarean delivery, primary payer, and patient and procedure characteristics. Additional hospital-level characteristics were obtained from public databases. Relative risk of SSI by primary payer primary payer was assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient, procedure, and hospital characteristics, accounting for facility-level clustering.Results:Of 291,757 cesarean deliveries included, 48% were covered by Medicaid. SSIs were detected following 1,055 deliveries covered by Medicaid (0.75%) and 955 deliveries covered by private insurance (0.63%) (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–1.3; P < .0001). The adjusted odds of SSI following cesarean deliveries covered by Medicaid was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2–1.6; P < .0001) times the odds of those covered by private insurance.Conclusions:In this, the largest and only multicenter study to investigate SSI risk following cesarean delivery by primary payer, Medicaid-insured women had a higher risk of infection than privately insured women. These findings suggest the need to evaluate and better characterize the quality of maternal healthcare for and needs of women covered by Medicaid to inform targeted infection prevention and policy.
Difficulties with emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with the emergence of psychopathology
Authors: Weissman David G. , Bitran Debbie , Miller Adam Bryant , Schaefer Jonathan D. , Sheridan Margaret A. , McLaughlin Katie A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for most forms of psychopathology. We examine emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking maltreatment with general psychopathology. A sample of 262 children and adolescents participated; 162 (61.8%) experienced abuse or exposure to domestic violence. We assessed four emotion regulation processes (cognitive reappraisal, attention bias to threat, expressive suppression, and rumination) and emotional reactivity. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed concurrently and at a 2-year longitudinal follow-up. A general psychopathology factor (p factor), representing co-occurrence of psychopathology symptoms across multiple internalizing and externalizing domains, was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis. Maltreatment was associated with heightened emotional reactivity and greater use of expressive suppression and rumination. The association of maltreatment with attention bias varied across development, with maltreated children exhibiting a bias toward threat and adolescents a bias away from threat. Greater emotional reactivity and engagement in rumination mediated the longitudinal association between maltreatment and increased general psychopathology over time. Emotion dysregulation following childhood maltreatment occurs at multiple stages of the emotion generation process, in some cases varies across development, and serves as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with general psychopathology.
Linking social motivation with social skill: The role of emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Neuhaus Emily , Webb Sara J. , Bernier Raphael A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with pervasive social deficits as well as marked emotion dysregulation across the life span. Decreased social motivation accounts in part for social difficulties, but factors moderating its influence are not fully understood. In this paper, we (a) characterize social and emotional functioning among children and adolescents with ASD, (b) explore contributions of socialmotivationand emotion dysregulation to socialskill, and (c) consider biological sex and intellectual functioning as moderators of these associations. In a sample of 2,079 children and adolescents with ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection, we document direct effects of social motivation, internalizing symptoms, aggression, attention problems, irritability, and self-injurious behavior on children's social skills. Furthermore, dysregulation in several domains moderated the association between social motivation and social skill, suggesting a blunting effect on social motivation in the context of emotional difficulties. Moreover, when considering only individuals with intellectual skills in the average range or higher, biological sex further moderated these associations. Findings add to our understanding of social–emotional processes in ASD, suggest emotion dysregulation as a target of intervention in the service of social skill improvements, and build on efforts to understand sources of individual difference that contribute to heterogeneity among individuals with ASD.
SHORT INTERVALS ASYMPTOTIC FORMULAE FOR BINARY PROBLEMS WITH PRIME POWERS, II
Authors: LANGUASCO ALESSANDRO , ZACCAGNINI ALESSANDRO 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe improve some results in our paper [A. Languasco and A. Zaccagnini, ‘Short intervals asymptotic formulae for binary problems with prime powers’, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux30 (2018) 609–635] about the asymptotic formulae in short intervals for the average number of representations of integers of the forms $n=p_{1}^{\ell _{1}}+p_{2}^{\ell _{2}}$ and $n=p^{\ell _{1}}+m^{\ell _{2}}$, where $\ell _{1},\ell _{2}\geq 2$ are fixed integers, $p,p_{1},p_{2}$ are prime numbers and $m$ is an integer. We also remark that the techniques here used let us prove that a suitable asymptotic formula for the average number of representations of integers $n=\sum _{i=1}^{s}p_{i}^{\ell }$, where $s$, $\ell$ are two integers such that $2\leq s\leq \ell -1$, $\ell \geq 3$ and $p_{i}$, $i=1,\ldots ,s$, are prime numbers, holds in short intervals.
What do family caregivers know about palliative care? Results from a national survey
Authors: Dionne-Odom J. Nicholas , Ornstein Katherine A. , Kent Erin E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveDespite their key role in caring for individuals with serious, chronic illness, there have been no national studies examining family caregiver awareness and perceptions of palliative care. Hence, our objectives were to ascertain level of knowledge of palliative care among U.S. family caregivers and describe demographic variation in awareness and perceptions of palliative care.MethodUsing the 2018 National Cancer Institute Health Information National Trends Survey, we identified unpaid family caregivers caring or making healthcare decisions for someone with a medical, behavioral, disability, or other condition. Respondents were asked about their awareness of the term “palliative care” and, if aware, how much they agreed with statements representing common (mis)perceptions about palliative care (e.g., “Palliative care is the same as hospice”).ResultMore than one-half of caregivers (55%) had “never heard” of palliative care; 19.2% knew what palliative care was and “could explain it to someone else.” In adjusted models, racial minorities (vs. whites) and those without a college degree were less likely to have heard of palliative care. Among those aware of palliative care, ~40% “strongly” or “somewhat” agreed that “Palliative care is the same as hospice”; another 10.5% “didn't know.” Similarly, 40% reported that “When I think of palliative care, I automatically think of death.”Significance of resultsOne-half of family caregivers of adults with serious chronic illness have never heard of palliative care. Even among those who had heard of palliative care, the majority do not distinguish it from hospice care and death. Given the role family caregivers may play in decisions to access palliative care, public messaging efforts are needed to clarify palliative care services in a way that is patient- and family-centered.
QUANTIFIED INTUITIONISTIC LOGIC OVER METRIZABLE SPACES
Authors: KREMER PHILIP 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the topological semantics, quantified intuitionistic logic, QH, is known to be strongly complete not only for the class of all topological spaces but also for some particular topological spaces — for example, for the irrational line, ${\Bbb P}$, and for the rational line, ${\Bbb Q}$, in each case with a constant countable domain for the quantifiers. Each of ${\Bbb P}$ and ${\Bbb Q}$ is a separable zero-dimensional dense-in-itself metrizable space. The main result of the current article generalizes these known results: QH is strongly complete for any zero-dimensional dense-in-itself metrizable space with a constant domain of cardinality ≤ the space’s weight; consequently, QH is strongly complete for any separable zero-dimensional dense-in-itself metrizable space with a constant countable domain. We also prove a result that follows from earlier work of Moerdijk: if we allow varying domains for the quantifiers, then QH is strongly complete for any dense-in-itself metrizable space with countable domains.
TDOA estimation using a pair of synchronized anchor nodes
Authors: Djaja-Josko Vitomir , Kolakowski Jerzy , Modelski Jozef 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNowadays, as indoor localization is getting more popular, there is a growing need for reliable and accurate techniques of position determination. Recently, ultrawideband (UWB)-based systems are gaining popularity, since they make achieving positioning errors in the range of dozens of centimeters or even single centimeters, possible. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)-based systems are especially attractive because they allow to simplify tags, in which functionality can be limited to transmission of packets. However, one of TDOA-based solution drawbacks is a need for strict synchronization between anchor nodes, which may be hard to provide in indoor environment. In the paper, a novel method for simplifying synchronization in TDOA-based UWB localization system is described. The paper presents two system architectures based on pairs of synchronized nodes. Results of simulations and experiments included in the article allow for evaluation of both solutions.
High-Fat Diet Elevates Liver Docosahexaenoic Acid Possibly through Over-Expression of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Elongase 2 in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Reddy Mooli Raja Gopal , Asha Gundluri Venkata , Manchiryala Sravan Kumar , Putcha Uday Kumar , Vajreswari Ayyalasomayajula , Jeyakumar Shanmugam M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The liver is the main site of lipid metabolism and vitamin A storage. Dietary factors are known to affect liver function, thereby leading to metabolic abnormalities. Here, we assessed the impact of long-term feeding of a high-fat diet on hepatic vitamin A status and lipid metabolism. For this purpose, 14 male and 14 female 35-day-old mice (strain C57BL/6J) were each divided into 2 groups of 7 animals and fed either a stock diet or a high-fat (HF) diet for 26 weeks. In addition to increased body weight/weight gain, the HF diet induced hypertriglyceridemia in both (p < 0.01). However, liver triglyceride levels were comparable among groups, which could be partly explained by unaltered expression of various lipogenic pathway proteins such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), and glycerol 3-phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT). On the other hand, hepatic retinol stores increased significantly in both sexes, whereas males displayed elevated circulatory retinol levels. Notably, long-term feeding of a HF diet elevated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) levels in the liver (p ≤ 0.001), which is in line with the over-expression of very long-chain fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) protein in both sexes of mice (p < 0.01). In conclusion, very long-term feeding of a HF diet increased hepatic retinol stores and induced hypertriglyceridemia. However, it had no effect on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, possibly due to increased DHA levels arising from the ELOVL2-mediated elongation pathway.