bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors of the prevalence of diarrhea among children age under-five years in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ferede Melkamu Molla 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Diarrhea is one of the major contributors to deaths for under age five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are highly affected by diarrhea than urban children. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of the prevalence of diarrhea among children age under five years in Rural Ethiopia.
Methods: Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8,041 under-five children were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were employed for the analysis of the data to assess the relationships between the prevalence of diarrhea and socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors among under five children. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results : The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that younger mothers’ children and child’s age 6-11 months (AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23 months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35 months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) were significantly associated with diarrhea. The two week prevalence of diarrhea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58), Children in rural Afar and Gambela regions, households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77), higher birth order number and households with 3 or more under-five children interacted with older mothers (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45).
Conclusion: The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was strongly associated with younger mothers, child’s age between 6-35 months, male children, children in rural part of Afar and Gambela regions, children with higher birth order numbers, those who shared toilet facility with other households and households with 3 or more number of under-five children interacted with older mothers/primary caregivers. Thus, in order to reduce childhood diarrhea, I suggest that child’s health care programs and other efforts in Ethiopia should give special attention to those categories of children who had highly affected by diarrhea.
SCreg: A Registration-based Platform to Compare Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty SPECT/CT Scans
Authors: Dandois Félix , De Buck Stijn , Beckers Lucas , Shah Darshan , Slane Laura , Vandenneucker Hilde , Scheys Lennart 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: A combination of conventional computed tomography and single photon emitted computed tomography (SPECT/CT) provides simultaneous data on the intensity and location of osteoblastic activity. Currently, since SPECT/CT scans are not spatially aligned, scans following knee arthroplasty are compared by extracting average and maximal values of osteoblastic activity intensity from large subregions of the structure of interest, which leads to a loss of resolution, and hence, information. Therefore, this paper describes the SCreg platform based on the principle of image registration to spatially align SPECT/CT scans following unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) and allow full resolution intra-subject and inter-subject comparisons. Methods: SPECT-CT scans of 20 patients were acquired before and 1 year after UKA. Firstly, scans were pre-processed to account for differences in voxel sizes and divided in volumes of interest. This was followed by optimization of registration parameters according to their volumetric agreement, and alignment using a combination of rigid, affine and non-rigid registration. Finally, SPECT values were normalized, and differences between pre-operative and post-operative activity were computed for each voxel. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was performed to compare Dice similarity coefficients pre- and post-registration.Results: Qualitative and quantitative validation of the platform assessing the correct alignment of SPECT/CT scans resulted in Dice similarity coefficient values over 80% and distances between predefined anatomical landmarks below the fixed threshold of (2;2;0) voxels. Locations of increased and decreased SPECT values obtained during comparisons of osteoblastic activity before and after UKA were mainly consistent with literature. Conclusions: Thus, a full resolution comparison performed on the platform could assist surgeons and engineers in optimizing surgical parameters in view of bone remodeling, thereby improving UKA survivorship.
Explaining unsuccessful physical activity promotion in low back pain patients: A secondary analysis on the usage and acceptance of health coaching
Authors: Dejonghe Lea Anna Lisa , Rudolf Kevin , Becker Jennifer , Stassen Gerrit , Froboese Ingo , Schaller Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Multicomponent interventions combined with health coaching are widely recommended to improve a healthy lifestyle. The present study analysed the usage and acceptance of approaches of a multicomponent intervention (telephone, web and face-to-face coaching) for low back pain patients, with the purpose of understanding why the intervention was not as effective as expected. Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial, aimed at promoting physical activity, was conducted. It was a cross-sectional study based on data of a multicomponent intervention group (baseline=201 participants). For evaluating the usage and acceptance, descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Over half (n=118) of the patients participated at least once in the telephone coaching. Approximately half of the participants (44 of 90) rated the telephone coaching as "good". 34 of 92 (37%) participants reported of visiting the web-platform. The web-platform was comprehensible for nearly one-quarter (n=8 of 33) and very useful for one participant. The face-to-face-contact was rated highly (range: 79.4-88.2 out of 100). Conclusion: Usage of the telephone coaching approach was moderate with even fewer participants visiting the web-platform. In addition, these approaches were not rated as very useful. The acceptance of the face-to-face contact was high. Since the usage and acceptance could influence the effectiveness, utilisation and acceptance studies might help to explain the reason for non-effective lifestyle interventions. Therefore, more studies analysing the usage and acceptance are needed. To improve the usage and acceptance, a stronger participatory orientation in the design of interventions and the integration of face-to-face contact could be helpful. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS)-ID: DRKS00004878 Keywords: Usage; acceptance; promoting physical activity; health coach; face-to-face contact; telephone coaching; web based coaching
Effect of high-intensity interval training in young heart transplant recipients: results from two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nytrøen Kari , Rolid Katrine , Yardley Marianne , Gullestad Lars 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Little is known about the effect of exercise in young heart transplant recipients, and results on group level is lacking. This study summarizes the findings of the youngest participants in two previous randomized controlled trials.Method This is a hypothesis-generating study reporting the main results from the youngest participants in two larger randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT). The article summarizes the main results from 28 young participants (< 40 year of age) who have participated in two previous studies which evaluated the effect of HIT vs. controls in adult heart transplant recipients. One of the studies included de novo heart transplant recipients and the other included maintenance heart transplant recipients. All study tests were performed in-hospital, in the specialist health care setting, but the exercise intervention was carried out locally, in cooperation with the primary health care. In both studies the exercise intervention lasted for 9-12 months. In one study, HIT was compared to controls (no specific intervention), and in the other study HIT was compared to moderate, continuous exercise (MICT). The main outcome measure was peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ).Results The summarized findings from the youngest heart transplant recipients in these two studies demonstrated mainly that the improvement in peak oxygen uptake among the younger recipients (< 40 years) was much larger compared to the improvement among the older recipients (≥ 40 years), and in accordance with results from adult heart transplant populations: HIT, compared to MICT, induced the largest improvement in peak oxygen consumption, also in the younger heart transplant recipients.Conclusions This result may suggest that younger recipients benefit more from high-intensity interval training than their older co-patients. However, larger randomized studies focusing on the young heart transplant population is strongly needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Sarcopenia and Low Mean Muscle Attenuation are associated with poor survival in Indonesian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Mardian Yan , Yano Yoshihiko , Ratnasari Neneng , Choridah Lina , Wasityastuti Widya , Setyawan Nurhuda Hendra , Hayashi Yoshitake 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background A large-scale Japanese retrospective study showed that low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival. Here, we evaluated the effects of SMI and IMF on the survival of Indonesian HCC patients, whose characteristics differ from those of Japanese patients.Methods SMI and mean muscle attenuation (MA) were evaluated using computed tomography images of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) in a prospective cohort of 100 Indonesian HCC patients. Clinical, laboratory and body composition data were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model to investigate which factors are associated with prognosis.Results Of 100 patients, 31 were diagnosed with sarcopenia (L3 SMI value ≤36.2 cm 2 /m 2 for men and ≤29.6 cm 2 /m 2 for women), and 65 had IMF deposition (MA value ≤44.4 HU for men and ≤39.3 HU for women). These groups had shorter median survival than the reference groups (both P <0.0001). In multivariable analysis, sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.921; P = 0.016), IMF deposition (HR, 3.580; P <0.001), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages C and D (HR: 2.396, P <0.01 and HR: 6.131, P <0.01, respectively), Japan Integrated Staging (JIS) score 4 (HR: 2.067, P = 0.020), and male gender (HR: 3.211, P <0.001) were independently associated with mortality.Conclusion Sarcopenia and IMF deposition showed superior value in combination with BCLC stage and JIS score for predicting the survival of Indonesian HCC patients. Increased awareness and strategies to prevent or reverse these factors might improve patient outcomes. (Electric word counts: 249)
Linking crop traits to transcriptome differences in a progeny population of tetraploid potato
Authors: Alexandersson Erik , Kushwaha Sandeep , Subedi Aastha , Weighill Deborah , Climer Sharlee , Jacobson Daniel , Andreasson Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Potato is the third most consumed crop in the world. Breeding for traits such as yield, product quality and pathogen resistance are main priorities. Identifying molecular signatures of these and other important traits is important in future breeding efforts. In this study, a progeny population from a cross between a breeding line, SW93-1015, and a cultivar, Désirée, was studied by trait analysis and RNA-seq in order to develop understanding of segregating traits at the molecular level and identify transcripts with expressional correlation to these traits. Transcript markers with predictive value for field performance applicable under controlled environments would be of great value for plant breeding. Results A total of 34 progeny lines from SW93-1015 and Désirée were phenotyped for 17 different traits in a field in Nordic climate conditions and controlled climate settings. A master transcriptome was constructed with all 34 progeny lines and the parents through a de novo assembly of RNA-seq reads. Gene expression data obtained in a controlled environment from the 34 lines was correlated to traits by different similarity indices, including Pearson and Spearman, as well as DUO, which calculates the co-occurrence between high and low values for gene expression and trait. Our study linked transcripts to traits such as yield, growth rate, high laying tubers, late and tuber blight, tuber greening and early flowering. We found several transcripts associated to late blight resistance and transcripts encoding receptors were associated to Dickeya solani susceptibility. Transcript levels of a UBX-domain protein was negatively associated to yield and a GLABRA2 expression modulator was negatively associated to growth rate. Conclusion In our study, we identify 100’s of transcripts, putatively linked based on expression with 17 traits of potato, representing both well-known and novel associations. This approach can be used to link the transcriptome to traits. We explore the possibility of associating the level of transcript expression from controlled, optimal environments to traits in a progeny population with different methods introducing the application of DUO for the first time on transcriptome data. We verify the expression pattern for five of the putative transcript markers in another progeny population.
A nationwide survey of intraoperative management for one-lung ventilation in Taiwan: time to accountable for diversity in protective lung ventilation
Authors: Kuo Chuan-Yi , Liu Ying-Tung , Lam Chen-Fuh , Wu Ming-Cheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: There is a major paradigm shift for intraoperative mechanical ventilator support by the introduction of lung protective ventilation strategies to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and improve overall clinical outcomes in non-thoracic surgeries. However, there is currently a lack of standardized practice guideline for lung protection during thoracic surgeries that require one-lung ventilation (OLV). This study aimed to collect the expert opinions of the thoracic anesthesiologists in perioperative care for OLV surgery in Taiwan.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in 16 tertiary hospitals in Taiwan from January to February 2019. A structured survey form was distributed across the participating hospitals and the thoracic anesthesiologists were invited to complete the form voluntarily. The survey form consisted of three parts, including the basic information of the institutional anesthesia care standards, ventilatory settings for a proposed patient receiving OLV surgery and expert opinions on OLV.Results: A total of 71 thoracic anesthesiologists responded to the survey. Double-lumen tubes are the most commonly used (93.8%) airway devices for OLV. The most commonly recommended ventilator setting during OLV is a tidal volume of 6-7 ml/kg PBW (67.6%) and a PEEP level of 4-6 cmH2O (73.5%). Dual controlled ventilator modes are used by 44.1% of the anesthesiologists. During OLV, high oxygen fraction (FiO2 >0.8) is more commonly supplemented to achieve an oxygen saturation higher than 94%. The consensus of anesthesiologists on the indices for lung protection in thoracic surgery is considerably low. Large majority of the anesthesiologists (91.5%) highly recommend that an international clinical practice guideline on the protective lung ventilation strategy for thoracic anesthesia should be established.Conclusions: This study found that the thoracic anesthesiologists in Taiwan share certain common practices in ventilator support during OLV. However, they are concerned about the lack of fundamental clinical evidences to support the beneficial outcomes of the current lung protective strategies applicable to OLV. Large-scale trials are needed to form an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for thoracic anesthesia.
Comparative genomics analysis of c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation in Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Chen Meng , Xu Chun-Yang , Wang Xu , Ren Chong-Yang , Ding Jiao , Li Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Cyanobacteria are of special concern because they proliferate in eutrophic water bodies worldwide and affect water quality. As an ancient photosynthetic microorganism, cyanobacteria can survive in ecologically diverse habitats because of their capacity to rapidly respond to environmental changes through a web of complex signaling networks, including using second messengers to regulate physiology or metabolism. A ubiquitous second messenger, bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), has been found to regulate essential behaviors in a few cyanobacteria but not Microcystis, which are the most dominant species in cyanobacterial blooms. In this study, comparative genomics analysis was performed to explore the genomic basis of c-di-GMP signaling in Microcystis aeruginosa.
Results: General characterization along with a pan-genome analysis showed that M. aeruginosa have a medium size genome (4.99 Mb in average), a conserved core genome, and an expansive pan-genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed good overall congruence between the two types of phylogenetic trees based on 31 highly conserved protein-coding genes and pan-genome matrix. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed no correlation between geographic distribution and phylogenetic relationships of the M. aeruginosa strains isolated from different regions. Moreover, proteins involved in c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation, such as diguanylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, and PilZ-containing proteins, were encoded in M. aeruginosa genomes. It was revealed that the numbers of genes that encode diguanylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, and hybrid proteins with GGDEF-EAL domains in M. aeruginosa might result from environment-specific adaptation. Bioinformatics and structure analysis of c-di-GMP signal-related GGDEF, EAL and GGDEF-EAL domains revealed that they all possess essential conserved amino acid residues that bind the substrate. In addition, it was also found that all selected M. aeruginosa genomes encode PilZ domain containing proteins.
Conclusions: Comparative genomics analysis of c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation in M. aeruginosa strains helped elucidate the genetic basis of c-di-GMP signaling pathways in M. aeruginosa. Knowledge of c-di-GMP metabolism and relevant signal regulatory processes in cyanobacteria can enhance our understanding of their adaptability to various environments and bloom-forming mechanism.
Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa, Comparative genomics, c-di-GMP, Phylogenetic analysis, GGDEF, EAL, PilZ
Induction techniques that reduce redistribution hypothermia: A prospective, randomized, controlled, single blind effectiveness study.
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Braitman Leonard E , Hunt Lacy H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND
While much effort has been devoted to correcting intraoperative hypothermia, less attention has been directed to preventing redistribution hypothermia. In this study, we compared three different anesthetic induction techniques to standard IV propofol inductions (control) in their effect on reducing redistribution hypothermia.
METHODS
Elective, afebrile patients, age 18 to 55 years, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=50 each). Group “INH/100” was induced with 8% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen, Group “INH/50” with 8% sevoflurane in 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide, Group “PROP” with 2.2 mg/kg propofol, and Group “Phnl/PROP” with 2.2 mg/kg propofol immediately preceded by 160 mcg phenylephrine. Patients were maintained with sevoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen in addition to opioid narcotic. Forced air warming was used. Core temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes after induction for one hour.
RESULTS
Compared to control group PROP, the mean temperatures in groups INH/100, INH/50, and Phnl/PROP were higher 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after induction (p<0.001 for all comparisons), averaging between 0.39oC and 0.54oC higher. In group PROP, 60% of patients had at least one temperature below 36.0oC in the first hour whereas only 16% did in each of groups INH/100, INH/50, and Phnl/PROP (p<0.0001 in each group compared to PROP).
CONCLUSIONS
In this effectiveness trial, inhalation inductions with sevoflurane or with prophylactic phenylephrine bolus prior to propofol induction reduced the magnitude of redistribution hypothermia by an average of 0.4 to 0.5°C in patients aged 18 to 55 years.

Retrospectively registered on clinical-trials.gov as NCT02331108, November 20, 2014.
Abstract uploaded to:
http://www.persistent-identifier.nl/?identifier=urn%3Anbn%3Anl%3Aui%3A13-lo-lchp
Core Values and Their Reflection in the Speech of the Ural City
Authors: Вепрева Ирина , Vepreva Irina , Купина Наталия , Kupina Natalia , Ицкович Татьяна , Itskovich Tatiana 
Published: October 2019

The research outlines the findings of collaborative insights into the core values anchored in the linguistic consciousness of people living in the Urals and represented across diverse areas of speech in the cities of the Middle Urals. The purpose of the study is to understand the linguoaxiologic reality of the current times, interpret representatives of value concepts with a consolidating function.
To reach the target, the authors have practiced sociolinguistic monitoring helping to reveal value preferences among the student youth. Using the complementation principle, they have conducted a psycholinguistic experiment aimed at identifying nuclear and peripheral conceptual meanings anchored in the linguistic consciousness. The findings helped to conclude: the core of basic values is a system of interrelated conceptual meanings organized as a cognitive matrix.
Based on a meaningful interpretation of the materials used in the experiment, the authors managed to identify the increase in the divergent self-mentality of a subject with free consciousness focused on self-fulfillment and pursuing personal goals. However, at the emotional level, young people stay committed to the socio-centric traditions of the Russian culture: family interests (we-group) prevail over individual interests.
The linguoaxiologic analysis of municipal newspaper texts and methods of metalanguage study helped to describe the value aspects of provincial thinking: native speakers feel both as Uralians and Russians with preserved national, primarily, family traditions. The core value of the urban provincial community is little homeland — a key category of the Ural mentality. The mentally relevant mindsets are those related to common good.
Using conversation scripts reflecting the distinctive features of speech communication in the Urals, the authors divide the value-thematic and communicative-value text fragments, develop an algorithm for linguoaxiological commenting on oral dialogue.