bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Missing Carbon Fixation Enzymes as Potential Drug Targets in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Katiyar Amit , Singh Harpreet , Azad Krishna Kant 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Metabolic adaptation to the host environment has been recognized as an essential mechanism of pathogenicity and the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs for decades. The Mtb uses CO2 as a source of carbon during the dormant or non-replicative state. However, there is a lack of biochemical knowledge of its metabolic networks. In this study, we investigated the CO2 fixation pathways (such as ko00710 and ko00720) most likely involved in the energy production and conversion of CO2 in Mtb. Extensive pathway evaluation of 23 completely sequenced strains of Mtb confirmed the existence of a complete list of genes encoding the relevant enzymes of the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. This provides the evidence that an rTCA cycle may function to fix CO2 in this bacterium. We also proposed that as CO2 is plentiful in the lungs, inhibition of CO2 fixation pathways (by targeting the relevant CO2 fixation enzymes) could be used in the expansion of new drugs against the dormant Mtb. In support of the suggested hypothesis, the CO2 fixation enzymes were confirmed as a potential drug target by analyzing a number of attributes necessary to be a good bacterial target.
Somatotype, Body Composition and Explosive Power of Athlete and Non-Athlete
Authors: Sukanta Saha 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the effect of somatotype and body composition variables on leg explosive power of college level men students. The sample consisted of 500 young college students, divided into two groups: athletes (N= 250) undergoing Bachelor of Physical Education course whose mean age 23.86 ± 0.36 years; and non-athletes (N= 250) college students who do not take part regular physical activities and mean age 22.16 ± 0.88 years. The somatotype was assessed using the Heath & Carter method. Assessing body composition of the subject various anthropometric measurements were taken. Sargent vertical jump test was used to measure leg explosive power. The measures were compared between the two groups using the Student t-test for independent samples. The two groups differed significantly (p≤0.01) in terms of body weight, % body fat, lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass and somatotype. The findings of the present study showing that athlete have higher mean values in leg explosive power (p≤0.01) than non-athlete. The leg explosive power was positively significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with % skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, mesomorphy and ectomorphy components of somatotype; on the other hand body weight, height, % body fat, body surface area and endomorphy component of somatotype significantly (p≤0.01) negatively correlated. In conclusion, somatotype and body composition variables are important factors in determining leg explosive power.
Anxiety and Affect in Successful and Less Successful Elite Female Basketball Players: in-Situ Sampling Before Six Consecutive Games
Authors: Szabo Attila , Szűcs Attila , Gáspár Zoltán , Süle Krisztina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Justification and aim of the study: Successful athletes tend to approach contest situations with different psychological mind-set than their less successful counterparts. The aim of this repeated-measures design study was to assess whether a successful (national league third rank) and a less successful (11th rank) first division women’s basketball team differ in anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect before six consecutive games in the annual championship. Methods: Two psychometrically validated questionnaires, the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT; Martens et al., 1990) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were used to measure pre-competitive anxiety and positive-and negative affect. The scales were completed by first division female basketball players, who were members of either the successful or the less successful team, before six matches; three played at home and three played away from home. Results: Successful players reported lower anxiety before games (effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.2) than less successful players. Both teams displayed more positive affect before the games played at home than before the games played away from home (d = .44). However, ratings of the subjective states varied substantially across the games. Conclusion: The results, interpreted in light of an interactional model (Cerin et al., 2000), show that subjective appraisal of each competition situation yields very specific or unique expectations, which in turn determine the psychological states of the players before the upcoming contest.
Generation of Tax Revenues and Economic Development: A Panel-Analysis for Emerging Economies in Asia
Authors: Vogiatzoglou Klimis , Nguyen Lien Phuong 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Particularly in an emerging or developing economy context, generating sufficient tax revenues is essential for the provision and upkeep of well-needed public infrastructure/public capital that supports the development process. However, tax policy can also cause distortionary and negative effects to economic activity and growth, especially if excessive taxation is imposed. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of tax revenues and estimate its overall net impact on economic growth in emerging economies in Asia. The dataset covers emerging economies from South, Southeast, and East Asia during 1998-2015. The results show that tax revenues have an overall positive net impact on the growth rate of real GDP per capita, suggesting the positive effects associated with taxation outweigh the negative and distortionary effects of taxation. Thus, evidence is found that the collection of adequate amounts of tax revenues (with which public investments were financed) contributed significantly to economic development.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Review
Authors: Tocar Sebastian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
When investigating foreign direct investment, scientists focus on different combinations of factors. They often emphasize the economic ones, while underestimating the others. Among the non-economic factors, there are several problems regarding the identification of relevant FDI determinants. The aim of this paper is the provision of a comprehensive review of the factors that are considered to impact the attraction of FDI and the identification of relevant FDI determinants. From the variety of factors, mentioned in the specialty literature, we identified eleven categories of FDI determinants. We also provided a comprehensive review of categorical and methodological interferences of the identified factors, proposing potential working hypothesis for future researches in the field. The final assessment of this study is the creation of a Synthesis of the factors influencing FDI.
Therapeutic applications of selenium-derived compounds
Authors: Kamal Amna , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Bhatti Haq Nawaz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Selenium is a biocompatible element and participates in several biochemical reactions occurring in the human body. Its biocompatibility and minimal toxicity has attracted researchers to develop selenium-based drugs. Hence, recent developments on biomedical applications of selenium-based compounds have been discussed. A structure activity relationship has also been interpreted.
Warum wurde nach dem Sechstagekrieg kein Friede erreicht?
Authors: Goldstein Yossi 
Published: July 2018

Vorspann
Die Folgen des Sechstagekriegs zwischen Israel und seinen arabischen Nachbarn vom 5. bis 10. Juni 1967 prägen bis heute die Situation im Nahen Osten entscheidend. Die Frage der besetzten Gebiete - abgesehen vom Sinai, der nach dem israelischägyptischen Friedensvertrag von 1979 vollständig an Ägypten zurückging - bleibt ein Gegenstand massiver Streitigkeiten. Yossi Goldstein analysiert auf der Basis zum Teil erst vor Kurzem zugänglich gewordener israelischer Quellen die Position von Ministerpräsident Levi Eschkol und fragt, warum dessen Ansatz einer „Land für Frieden“- Lösung erfolglos blieb.
Verhaltenssteuerung jenseits von Markt und Moral
Authors: Graf Rüdiger 
Published: July 2018

Vorspann
Das Problem ist bekannt: Man weiß, dass es besser wäre, das Auto stehen zu lassen, Produkte aus ökologischem Landbau zu kaufen oder beim Kauf eines neuen Elektrogeräts eher auf den Stromverbrauch als auf das Design zu achten. Dennoch entscheiden wir uns jeden Tag nicht für die vernünftigste Option, sondern lassen uns von Gewohnheiten, Vorlieben oder Ängsten leiten - zum Nachteil von Gesundheit und Ökologie. Rüdiger Graf zeichnet in seinem Aufsatz am Beispiel der Umweltpolitik den Aufstieg der Verhaltensökonomie nach und stellt die Kontinuitäten heraus, die das verhaltenssteuernde Nudging von heute mit den Umbrüchen in den Jahren „nach dem Boom“ verbinden. Damit geht es aber um nicht weniger als um den Wandel politischer Regulierung und staatlichen Handelns im letzten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts.
„Geschichte ist machbar, Herr Nachbar!“
Authors: König Malte 
Published: July 2018

Vorspann
Duelle zwischen Toten kann es eigentlich nicht geben, und doch finden sie bisweilen statt. In Berlin kreuzten beispielsweise nach der Jahrtausendwende noch einmal zwei verstorbene Heroen der alten Bundesrepublik die Klingen: der Studentenführer Rudi Dutschke und der Medienzar Axel Cäsar Springer. Arena dieses paradoxen Schauspiels war die Kochstraße im Berliner Bezirk Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg mit der Zentrale der Axel Springer AG, die in Rudi-Dutschke-Straße umbenannt werden sollte. Malte König zeichnet die mit harten Bandagen und überraschenden Mitteln geführte Auseinandersetzung nach, in der letztlich nichts anderes verhandelt wurde als der historische Ort von „1968“ in der deutschen Geschichte.
The lanthanide hydride oxides SmHO and HoHO
Authors: Zapp Nicolas , Kohlmann Holger 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Metal hydride oxides are an interesting class of compounds with potential for hydride ion conduction and as host materials for luminescence. SmHO and HoHO were prepared from mixtures of the sesquioxides Ln
2O3 and the hydrides LnH2+

x
at 1173 K as gray powders (Ln=Sm, Ho). They crystallize in a fluorite type crystal structure with disordered anion distribution (Fm3̅m; SmHO: a=5.46953(6) Å, V=163.625(5) Å3; HoHO: a=5.27782(3) Å, V=147.016(2) Å3, based on powder X-ray diffraction) and show stability towards air. Lanthanide-oxygen and -hydrogen distances are 2.36838(3) Å in SmHO and 2.28536(1) Å in HoHO and comparable to those in binary lanthanide oxides and hydrides. Elemental analyses confirm the composition LnHO. Quantum-mechanical calculations show a negative enthalpy for the reaction RE
2O3+REH3→3 REHO for all lanthanides and Y, with increasing values for decreasing ionic radii.
Optimising Genomic Selection in Wheat: Effect of Marker Density, Population Size and Population Structure on Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Norman Adam , Taylor Julian , Edwards James , Kuchel Haydn 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Genomic selection applied to plant breeding enables earlier estimates of a line’s performance and significant reductions in generation interval. Several factors affecting prediction accuracy should be well understood if breeders are to harness genomic selection to its full potential. We used a panel of 10,375 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines genotyped with 18,101 SNP markers to investigate the effect and interaction of training set size, population structure and marker density on genomic prediction accuracy. Through assessing the effect of training set size we showed the rate at which prediction accuracy increases is slower beyond approximately 2,000 lines. The structure of the panel was assessed via principal component analysis and K-means clustering, and its effect on prediction accuracy was examined through a novel cross-validation analysis according to the K-means clusters and breeding cohorts. Here we showed that accuracy can be improved by increasing the diversity within the training set, particularly when relatedness between training and validation sets is low. The breeding cohort analysis revealed that traits with higher selection pressure (lower allelic diversity) can be more accurately predicted by including several previous cohorts in the training set. The effect of marker density and its interaction with population structure was assessed for marker subsets containing between 100 and 17,181 markers. This analysis showed that response to increased marker density is largest when using a diverse training set to predict between poorly related material. These findings represent a significant resource for plant breeders and contribute to the collective knowledge on the optimal structure of calibration panels for genomic prediction.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS OF RECOUNT TEXT BY APPLYING TRANSITION-ACTION-DETAILS (TAD) STRATEGY
Authors: Muhsin Arief 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT This research aimed to explain how the use of the Transition-Action-Details (TAD, hereafter) Strategy improved students’ skills in writing Recount Text dealing with the content of writing. It also aimed to explain how the TAD Strategy improved students’ skills in writing Recount Text dealing with the organization of writing. Employing CAR as the reseaech design, the research findings indicate that TAD Strategy improves students’ writing skills of Recount Text. It was proven by the writing Recount Text of the students’ mean score in cycle 2 test result (78.95). This improved from the cycle 1 mean score (68.95). It improved significantly from diagnostic test (D – test) mean score (61.04). The writing Recount Text of the students’ achievement in cycle 2 indicated that it had met the score target (70.00), and considered to be successful criteria in improving the writing Recount Text through TAD Strategy. Based on the findings above, the author concluded that using TAD Strategy could improve the writing Recount Text of the students. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana penggunaan Strategi Transisi-Aksi-Detail (TAD, selanjutnya) Strategi meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis Recount Text yang berhubungan dengan isi tulisan. Ini juga bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Strategi TAD meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis Recount Text yang berhubungan dengan organisasi penulisan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TAD Strategy meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa dari Recount Text. Hal ini terbukti dengan penulisan Recount Text dari nilai rata-rata siswa dalam hasil tes siklus 2 (78,95). Ini meningkat dari skor rata-rata siklus 1 (68,95). Ini meningkat secara signifikan dari tes diagnostik (D-test) skor rata-rata (61,04). Tulisan Recount Text tentang pencapaian siswa dalam siklus 2 menunjukkan bahwa mereka telah memenuhi target skor (70,00), dan dianggap sebagai kriteria yang berhasil dalam meningkatkan penulisan Recount Text melalui TAD Strategy. Berdasarkan temuan di atas, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa menggunakan TAD Strategy dapat meningkatkan penulisan Recount Text dari para siswa. How to Cite: Muhsin, M. A. (2017). Improving Students’ Writing Skills of Recount Text by Applying Transition-Action-Details (TAD) Strategy. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 156-167. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.2430
THE USE OF CONTENT-BASED SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUE IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING SKILLS OF MADRASAH
Authors: Aratusa Zana Chobita 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Previous studies argued that summarizing techniques can improve students skill to comprehend a reading text, but those studies did not address what type of summarizing teachniques and how to apply them, in particular in Islamic schools context in which their studdents often study rich textual documents. Through the use of the experimental method, this study implemented Content-Based Summarizing Technique (CBST) in teaching English reading skill at two State Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) in Palu, Central Sulawesi. After 12 weeks teaching, this study found that students who were taught by using CBST have significantly improved their reading skill to comprehend a reading text. Meanwhile, the non-CBST treatment students’ reading skill remain stable. This study concludes that the use of CBST in English reading teaching can be used as a new alternative technique in English teaching. The limitation of this study is that the treatment might not be long enough and the sample small. Future research need to involve more sample and apply longer treatment period. ABSTRAK Sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa teknik merangkum dapat meningkatkan keterampilan siswa untuk memahami teks bacaan, namun penelitian tersebut tidak membahas jenis pengajaran yang meringkas dan bagaimana menerapkannya, khususnya dalam konteks sekolah Islam seperti madrasah yang para siswanya sering mempelajari berbagai teks bacaan. Dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen, penelitian ini menerapkan Content-Based Summarizing Technique (CBST) dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca dalam bahasa Inggris pada dua Madrasah Aliyah Negeri di Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. Setelah 12 minggu mengajar, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa siswa yang diajar dengan CBST mampu meningkatkan kemampuan membaca mereka secara signifikan dalam memahami teks bacaan dalam bahasa Inggris. Sementara itu, kemampuan membaca siswa yang tidak diajarkan dengan -CBST tetap tidak meningkat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan CBST dalam pengajaran membaca bahasa Inggris dapat digunakan sebagai teknik alternatif baru dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris. Keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah lamanya penerapan CBST mungkin tidak cukup dan sampelnya kecil. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu melibatkan lebih banyak sampel dan periode penerapan CBST perlu lebih lama. How to Cite: Aratusa, Z. C. (2017). The Use of Content-Based Summarizing Technique in Improving Students’ Reading Skills of Madrasah. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 208-220. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.6153
Религия и социальная справедливость: обзор исследований влияния религиозности на предпочтения относительно социальной политики
Authors: Кулькова Анна Юрьевна 
Published: July 2018

Анна Кулькова – младший научный сотрудник, Научно-учебная лаборатория политических исследований, НИУ ВШЭ, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: akulkova@hse.ru
Масштабы социальной политики зависят от уровня развития государства, которым определяется, какое количество ресурсов государство может перераспределять и направлять на помощь нуждающимся. Однако проводимая социальная политика также зависит и от предпочтений граждан, их представлений о необходимости помощи определенным социальным группам, о степени допустимого вмешательства государства в экономику. В отличие от исследований, которые объясняют различия в предпочтениях относительно социальной политики через социально-экономические факторы, в фокусе этого обзора исследований находится религия как культурный предиктор восприятия государства благосостояния. Религия может оказывать воздействие на индивидуальные предпочтения относительно перераспределения благ, как создавая общий культурный контекст и задавая некий стандарт помощи нуждающимся, так и определяя индивидуальные установки верующих относительно того, кто заслуживает помощи и как она должна осуществляться. Статья представляет собой обзор механизмов влияния религии на формирование индивидуальных предпочтений относительно социальной политики, в котором на основании существующих исследований анализируется, существуют ли различия в отношении к социальной политике между последователями разных религиозных традиций, а также между религиозными и нерелигиозными людьми в современной Европе. Сначала религия рассматривается как фактор контекстуального уровня, и в фокусе оказывается влияние церковно-государственных отношений и содержательной стороны доминирующей религиозной традиции на формирование принципиально разного отношения к бедности и, как следствие, разных режимов благосостояния в странах Европы. Затем религия рассматривается как предиктор индивидуального уровня, и анализируется, как на предпочтения относительно перераспределения благ влияет степень индивидуальной религиозности.
Особенности здоровья и возрастная структура российских рабочих – традиции против изменений
Authors: Тихонова Наталья Евгеньевна 
Published: July 2018

Наталья Евгеньевна Тихонова – д. с. н., профессор-исследователь, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; главный научный сотрудник, Институт социологии ФНИСЦ РАН, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: ntihonova@hse.ru
В статье на материалах 25-й волны РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ (2016 г.) рассматривается физиологический ресурс рабочих, операционализированный через показатели возраста и состояния здоровья. Анализируется соотношение традиций (в частности, предпочтений при выборе молодежью типа деятельности) и изменений. Показано, что возрастная структура российских рабочих воспроизводится и практически совпадает с возрастной структурой работающего населения страны в целом. Миф о том, что молодежь не хочет «идти в рабочие» обусловлен высокой долей среди молодых рабочих неофициальной занятости, в силу чего значительная их часть не попадает в систему статистического учета. В то же время в последние годы наметились изменения – среди молодежи до 25 лет профессия продавца стала популярнее рабочих профессий. Продемонстрировано, что российские рабочие гетерогенная по состоянию здоровья профессиональная группа. Если квалифицированные рабочие характеризуются хорошими показателями здоровья, то работники неквалифицированного физического труда обладают не просто наихудшими показателями здоровья из всех профессиональных групп, но и наиболее ярко выраженной тенденцией его ухудшения с возрастом. Выделены три группы работников: полностью здоровые, с наличием отдельных проблем со здоровьем и имеющие множественные и серьезные проблемы со здоровьем. Итоговый вывод статьи заключается в том, что физиологический ресурс квалифицированных рабочих в России в настоящее время достаточен для того, чтобы можно было говорить об их способности выполнять задачи, которые могут встать в случае интенсивной технологической перестройки экономики. В то же время в силу возможных технологических изменений в области занятости рабочих, и в экономике в целом, формируются серьезные вызовы для государственной социальной политики, без адекватного ответа на которые невозможно обеспечить устойчивое социально-экономическое развитие страны в среднесрочной перспективе.