bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding consequences of adaptive monitoring protocols on data consistency: application to the monitoring of giant clam densities impacted by massive mortalities in Tuamotu atolls, French Polynesia
Authors: Georget Stéphane , Van Wynsberge Simon , Andréfouët Serge 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
During long-term monitoring, protocols suitable in the initial context may have to change afterward because of unforeseen events. The outcome for management can be important if the consequences of changing protocols are not understood. In Tuamotu Archipelago atolls, French Polynesia, the density of giant clams (Tridacna maxima) has been monitored for 12 years, but massive mortalities and collapsing densities forced to shift from a line-intercept transects and quadrats (LIT-Q) method to a belt-transect (BT) method. We investigated with a simulation approach the conditions (density, size structure, aggregation of giant clam populations) under which the two methods provided different results. A statistical model relating the BT density to the LIT-Q density was validated using new field data acquired on the same sites with both protocols, on two atolls. The BT method usually provided higher estimates of density than the LIT-Q method, but the opposite was found for very high densities. The shape of the relationship between measurements depended on population size structure and on aggregation. Revisiting with the model the historical LIT-Q densities suggested that densities have been underestimated in the past but previously detected trends in population trajectories remained valid. The implication of these findings for management are discussed.
Gravitational potential and non-relativistic Lagrangian in modified gravity with varying G
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M , Kazanas Demosthenes 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We have recently shown that the baryonic Tully–Fisher (BTF) and Faber–Jackson (BFJ) relations imply that the gravitational ‘constant’ G in the force law vary with acceleration a as 1/a. Here we derive the converse from first principles. First we obtain the gravitational potential for all accelerations and we formulate the Lagrangian for the central-force problem. Then action minimization implies the BTF/BFJ relations in the deep MOND limit as well as weak-field Weyl gravity in the Newtonian limit. The results show how we can properly formulate a non-relativistic conformal theory of modified dynamics that reduces to MOND in its low acceleration limit and to Weyl gravity in the opposite limit. An unavoidable conclusion is that a0, the transitional acceleration in modified dynamics, does not have a cosmological origin and it may not even be constant among galaxies and galaxy clusters.
The Application of Forensic Linguistics in Cybercrime Investigations
Authors: Perkins Ria C 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Forensic linguistics is the application of linguistic knowledge and theory to forensic, legal, or criminal contexts. This article sets out some of the ways the forensic linguists can and do contribute to cybercrime investigations, as well as indicating how a basic knowledge of linguistics can be of use to investigators. This article introduces both investigative and evidentiary applications, including comparative authorship analysis, sociolinguistic profiling, and the determination of meaning. Through a discussion of casework and research this article aims to increase awareness and provide an introduction into the field of forensic linguistics, and its potential applications within the field of cybercrime. This article will focus on native language influence detection as an example of an area of forensic linguistic research and methodology that can be applied in cybercrime casework, discussing both the research and its findings, and demonstrating potential application.
BASELINE EVALUATION STUDY OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM VICINITY OF INDIA’S FIRST FAST REACTOR FUEL CYCLE FACILITY (FRFCF), DAE COMPLEX, KALPAKKAM, INDIA
Authors: Bramha S N , Krishnan H , Subramanian V , Baskaran R , Venkatraman B 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K were measured in the soil samples collected from Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle Facility (FRFCF) site, using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. This study is aimed to establish the baseline data of naturally occurring radionuclides within the site. The average activity concentrations were found to be 416.5, 61.7 and 622.3 Bq kg−1 for 40K, 238U and 232Th, respectively. The activity concentrations and its radiological indices were evaluated and were compared with the international values reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The ratio of 40K/232Th and 40K /238U were calculated, which indicates the presence of 5.79 and 2.69 times more K-bearing minerals as compared with Th and U-bearing minerals in the soil samples, respectively. The study provides baseline information on concentration of radionuclides and background radiological assessment of the FRFCF site.
Perioperative Pressure Injuries: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bulfone Giampiera , Bressan Valentina , Morandini Alessandro , Stevanin Simone 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To conduct a systematic review to investigate risk factors, incidence, and preventive strategies for perioperative pressure injuries (PIs).

METHODS:
The authors reviewed four databases for literature published from January 2001 to December 2017. Selected articles included primary quantitative studies with prospective, descriptive, and longitudinal design or randomized controlled trials that evaluated risk factors, incidence, and preventive strategies for perioperative PIs. The studies included were evaluated for methodological quality using the Edwards Method Score. The authors used a standardized extraction form to extract inclusion and exclusion criteria, participant demographics, methodology, PI risk instrument and classification systems, type of surgery and anesthesia, PI risk factors, incidence, preventive strategies, and outcomes evaluation.

MAIN RESULTS:
Of the 115 publications identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The risk assessment and PI classification instruments used differed in every study. Incidence of PI varied throughout the studies and was reduced by warming therapy and by a skin care intervention program.

CONCLUSIONS:
Further studies are necessary to develop a standard risk assessment instrument and preventive strategies and to clarify some contradictions evident in the literature.
Changes in Healthcare Encounter Rates Possibly Related to Cannabis or Alcohol following Legalization of Recreational Marijuana in a Safety-Net Hospital: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Calcaterra Susan L. , Hopfer Christian J. , Keniston Angela , Hull Madelyne L. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Liberalization of marijuana laws in Colorado contributed to increases in cannabis-related adverse events over time. We examined characteristics of patients with healthcare encounters possibly related to cannabis and assessed the temporal association between legalization of recreational marijuana and healthcare encounters possibly attributed to cannabis.

Methods:
Annual encounter rates possibly related to cannabis and alcohol were compared using negative binomial regression. Two-time intervals, pre/post-recreational marijuana legalization (January 2009 to December 2013 and January 2014 to December 2015, respectively) were used to examine changes in monthly rates of emergency encounters and hospitalizations possibly related to cannabis. Level and trend changes on encounter rates by legalization period were assessed using interrupted time series analyses. Encounters possibly related to alcohol were used as a comparator group.

Results:
Most encounters identified during the study period had alcohol-related International Classification of Diseases Diagnosis and Procedural Codes (ICD-9/10-CM) codes (94.8% vs 5.2% for cannabis). Patients with encounters possibly related to cannabis were younger, more likely to be hospitalized and more likely to be admitted to the psychiatric unit than patients with encounters possibly related to alcohol. Initial and sustained effects of encounter rates possibly related to cannabis demonstrated an increased trend in slope before and after recreational marijuana legalization. The slope became more abrupt following legalization with a significant increase in trend during the post-legalization period (β = 2.7, standard error = 0.3, ρ < 0.0001). No significant change was noted for encounters possibly related to alcohol.

Conclusions:
Additional research should identify patients at highest risk of an adverse health event related to cannabis and quantify costs associated with cannabis-related healthcare delivery.
Predictive Factors for Hypotension Associated With Supine-to-Prone Positional Change in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery
Authors: Yoon Hyun-Kyu , Lee Hyung-Chul , Chung Jaeyeon , Park Hee-Pyoung 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Positional change during general anesthesia can cause hypotension. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine predictive factors for hypotension associated with supine-to-prone positional change in spinal surgery patients.

Materials and Methods:
Data on demographics, current medications, comorbidity, intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, pulse pressure variation, tidal volume, peak inspiratory pressure, and propofol and remifentanil effect-site concentrations were collected from 179 patients undergoing elective spine surgery. Hypotension associated with supine-to-prone positional change was defined as >20% reduction in MAP during positional change.

Results:
Hypotension associated with supine-to-prone positional change was observed in 16 (8.9%) patients. The median (interquartile range) effect-site concentration of remifentanil (5.3 [4.0 to 8.5] vs. 4.0 [3.1 to 4.0] ng/mL, P<0.001), MAP (95.0 [86.0 to 103.5] vs. 80.0 [70.0 to 94.0] mm Hg, P=0.014), peak inspiratory pressure (16.5 [15.0 to 18.5] vs. 15.0 [14.0 to 17.0] hPa, P=0.040) in the supine position, and pulse pressure variation in the prone position (12.0 [9.0 to 16.4] vs. 9.0 [7.0 to 12.0]%, P=0.019) were significantly higher in the hypotension group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the effect-site concentration of remifentanil (odd ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.12 [1.51-2.96], P<0.001), preoperative use of beta-blocker (7.64 [1.21-48.36], P=0.031), and MAP in the supine position (1.04 [1.00-1.07], P=0.033) were independent predictive factors for hypotension associated with supine-to-prone positional change.

Conclusions:
Increased effect-site concentration of remifentanil, preoperative use of beta-blocker, and high MAP in the supine position were predictive factors for hypotension associated with supine-to-prone positional change in spinal surgery patients.
Vasculitis and peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Graf Jonathan , Imboden John 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of review
Vasculitis of medium-sized and small vessels commonly affects peripheral nerves and can occur in context of a systemic vasculitis with multiorgan involvement or a nonsystemic vasculitis limited to the peripheral nervous system. This review summarizes the clinical and pathological features of systemic and nonsystemic vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system.

Recent findings
Vasculitis of peripheral nerves is a diffuse process that affects the vasa nervorum along the entire length of affected nerves but appears to cause injury primarily in a zone in the proximal-middle of the nerve that is particularly susceptible to ischemic injury. Nerve biopsy can help establish the diagnosis of a systemic vasculitis, particularly when other organ involvement is not clinically apparent, and is required for diagnosis of nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy. Observational studies suggest that nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy responds to immunosuppressive therapy but conclusive data are lacking.

Summary
The current review summarizes the clinical and pathological features of both systemic and nonsystemic vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system so that clinicians can better recognize, make a more timely diagnosis, and thus treat this condition more effectively in their patients.
The Ewing Amputation: The First Human Implementation of the Agonist-Antagonist Myoneural Interface
Authors: Clites Tyler R. , Herr Hugh M. , Srinivasan Shriya S. , Zorzos Anthony N. , Carty Matthew J. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) comprises a surgical construct and neural control architecture designed to serve as a bidirectional interface, capable of reflecting proprioceptive sensation of prosthetic joint position, speed, and torque from and advanced limb prosthesis onto the central nervous system. The AMI surgical procedure has previously been vetted in animal models; we here present the surgical results of its translation to human subjects.

Methods:
Modified unilateral below knee amputations were performed in the elective setting in 3 human subjects between July 2016 and April 2017. AMIs were constructed in each subject to control and interpret proprioception from the bionic ankle and subtalar joints. Intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative residual-limb outcome measures were recorded and analyzed, including electromyographic and radiographic imaging of AMI musculature.

Results:
Mean subject age was 38 ± 13 years, and mean body mass index was 29.5 ± 5.5 kg/m2. Mean operative time was 346 ± 87 minutes, including 120 minutes of tourniquet time per subject. Complications were minor and included transient cellulitis and one instance of delayed wound healing. All subjects demonstrated mild limb hypertrophy postoperatively, and intact construct excursion with volitional muscle activation. All patients reported a high degree of phantom limb position perception with no reports of phantom pain.

Conclusions:
The AMI offers the possibility of improved prosthetic control and restoration of muscle-tendon proprioception. Initial results in this first cohort of human patients are promising and provide evidence as to the potential role of AMIs in the care of patients requiring below knee amputation.
A taxonomy of hospitals based on partnerships for population health management
Authors: Noh Eunjeong , Potthoff Sandra , Begun James W. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Hospitals face growing pressures and opportunities to engage with partner organizations in efforts to improve population health at the community level. Variation has been observed in the degree to which hospitals develop such partnerships.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to generate a taxonomy of hospitals based on their partnerships with external organizations, employing the theoretical notion of organizations’ focus on exploration versus exploitation.

Methodology:
With 1,238 valid cases from the 2015 American Hospital Association Population Health Survey, our study uses items asking about the level of partnership strength for 36 named partner types. Excluding three variables with low reliability, 33 variables are classified into six partner groups by factor analysis. Then, cluster analysis is conducted to generate a taxonomy of hospitals based on their partnerships with the six partner groups.

Findings:
Of 1,238 hospitals, 26.1% are classified as exploratory hospitals that develop more collaborative relationships with partners outside the medical sector. Exploitative hospitals (18.3%) focus on relationships with traditional medical sector partners. Ambidextrous hospitals (27.0%) develop partnerships both in and outside the medical sector. Finally, independent hospitals (28.6%) do not establish strong partnerships. Larger hospitals, not-for-profit hospitals, and teaching hospitals are more likely to be classified as exploratory.

Practice Implications:
The four-cluster taxonomy can provide hospital and health system leaders and managers with a better understanding of the wide variation in partnerships that hospitals establish and insights into their different strategic options with regard to partnership development.
Neonatal vincristine administration modulates intrinsic neuronal excitability in the rat dorsal root ganglion and spinal dorsal horn during adolescence
Authors: Schappacher Katie A. , Xie Wenrui , Zhang Jun-Ming , Baccei Mark L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Our recent work has shown that the early-life administration of vincristine (VNC), commonly used to treat pediatric cancers, evokes mechanical pain hypersensitivity in rats that emerges during adolescence and persists into adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, as nothing is known about how neonatal VNC treatment influences peripheral and central nociceptive processing at the cellular level. Here, we used in vitro intracellular microelectrode and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to evaluate the consequences of early-life VNC administration on the intrinsic membrane properties of adolescent dorsal root ganglion and spinal superficial dorsal horn neurons. The results demonstrate that VNC treatment increased the prevalence and rate of repetitive firing in both large- and medium-diameter sensory neurons, while reducing repetitive firing in small-diameter neurons, in comparison with vehicle-treated littermate controls. By contrast, passive membrane properties and peripheral conduction velocities were similar between experimental groups across all classes of primary afferents. Within the adolescent superficial dorsal horn, neonatal VNC exposure significantly enhanced the intrinsic membrane excitability of lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons, as evidenced by a decrease in rheobase and elevation of repetitive firing frequency compared with controls. Meanwhile, putative interneurons within lamina I exhibited a reduction in repetitive action potential discharge after early-life chemotherapy. Collectively, these findings suggest that neonatal VNC treatment evokes cell type–specific changes in intrinsic excitability at multiple levels of the ascending pain pathway. Overall, this work lays an essential foundation for the future exploration of the ionic mechanisms that drive chemotherapy-induced chronic pain in children and adolescents.
Reduction of oxidative stress a key for enhanced postoperative recovery with fewer complications in esophageal surgery patients
Authors: Tsuchiya Masahiko , Shiomoto Kazumasa , Mizutani Koh , Fujioka Kazuya , Suehiro Koichi , Yamada Tokuhiro , Sato Eisuke F. , Nishikawa Kiyonobu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Oxidative stress may be an integral determinant of surgical stress severity. We examined whether the preoperative level of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), an oxidative stress biomarker based on total hydroperoxides in circulating blood, is predictive of increased risk of delayed recovery and complications after surgery, as well as the effects of anesthesia management on postoperative recovery in light of oxidative stress.

Methods:
Patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II) scheduled for a radical esophagectomy (n = 186) were randomly selected to receive inhalational sevoflurane (n = 94) or intravenous propofol (n = 92) anesthesia. Preoperative blood d-ROMs level, as well as pre-and postoperative plasma ferric-reducing ability, were analyzed to assess oxidative stress, with white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, incidence of severe postoperative complications, and postoperative recovery process within 30 days after surgery also examined in a double-blind fashion.

Results:
Postoperative normalization of WBC and CRP was extended in patients with elevated preoperative d-ROMs [WBC versus d-ROMs: correlation coefficient (r) = 0.58 P < .001; CRP versus d-ROMs: r = 0.46 P < .001]. Receiver operating characteristics analysis of d-ROMs in relation to incidence of severe postoperative complications revealed an optimum d-ROMs threshold value of 410 UCarr and that patients with ≥410 UCarr had a greater risk of complications as compared to those with lower values (odds ratio = 4.7). Plasma ferric-reducing ability was decreased by 61 ± 185 mmol·l−1 (P < .001) after surgery, demonstrating development of surgery-related oxidative stress, the magnitude of which was positively correlated with preoperative d-ROMs level (r = 0.16, P = .043). A comparison of the 2 anesthesia management protocols showed that patients who received propofol, an antioxidant anesthetic, had no postoperative decrease in ferric-reducing ability, lower incidence of severe postoperative complications (7 of 92 versus 18 of 94, P = .030, odds ratio = 0.35), and faster uneventful recovery time (WBC normalization days 7.1 ± 5.2 versus 13.6 ± 10.2, P < .001) as compared to those who received sevoflurane.

Conclusions:
Elevated preoperative blood d-ROMs predicts greater intraoperative oxidative stress and increased postoperative complications with prolonged recovery, thus is useful for identifying high-risk patients for delayed and complicated surgical recovery. Reduction of oxidative stress is vital for enhanced recovery, with control by antioxidants such as propofol a possible solution.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma with breast metastasis
Authors: Meng Kexin , Chen Wanyuan , Tian Wei , Sun Kewang , Chen Hailong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer with frequent hematogenous metastasis. While its metastasis is usually observed in the lung, liver, or bone, it rarely migrates to the breast.

Patient concerns:
Here we report 2 cases with a complaint of breast lump after initial treatment of MTC.

Diagnoses:
In both patients, the MTC characteristics of breast nodules were confirmed by pathologic analysis of biopsy specimens.

Interventions:
The genetic mutations within the metastatic breast lesion were evaluated. Wide local excision was thus performed to 1st case, while no therapeutic intervention for another patient due to the wide-spread presence of the disease.

Outcomes:
No sign of relapse or metastasis was found in 1st case during a 14-month follow-up. For 2nd case, the breast nodule grew to 14 mm within 3 months before remaining stable for 10 months.

Lessons:
MTC can be a very indolent disease despite its aggressiveness. Reoperation should be considered for patients with local recurrence or resectable distant metastasis of MTC. The findings for both cases supported serum calcitonin as an important marker for the evaluation of disease. Future studies are needed to advance our understanding of its molecular features and improve strategies for its diagnosis and treatment.