bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capitalisme, crise structurelle et mouvements sociaux contemporains
Authors: Wallerstein Immanuel , Curty Gaël 
Published: June 2018

Dans cet entretien, Immanuel Wallerstein présente son analyse actuelle du capitalisme, de sa crise structurelle et des mouvements sociaux contemporains qui lui sont associés. Après avoir défini les caractéristiques principales de l’économie-monde capitaliste, il décrit avec précision la crise structurelle qu’elle traverse depuis la « révolution-monde de 1968 ». Immanuel Wallerstein conclut enfin en analysant les luttes contemporaines entre les mouvements sociaux représentant l’« esprit de Davos » et l’« esprit de Porto Alegre » et en explorant les possibilités d’actions sociales et politiques visant à instaurer plus d’égalité et de démocratie au xxi e siècle.
Un réseau de crédit à Ypres au XIII e siècle
Authors: Howell Martha C. 
Published: June 2018

La ville flamande d’Ypres, à la toute fin du XIII e siècle, à son apogée économique de plus grande cité fabricante de draps de laine de luxe, nous a laissé 6 000 contrats de dette couvrant presque cinquante années de l’histoire de la ville. Nous ne possédons aucune autre trace au nord de l’Europe, avant le bas XV e siècle, voire le XVI e . Ces sources exposent non seulement la complexité des structures socio-économiques de la ville mais aussi les relations entre la classe des artisans et des petits marchands d’un côté et le monde des patriciens qui gouvernent la cité et, avec d’autres élites marchandes, dominent le commerce de luxe de la laine, d’autre part. Elles expliquent également les soulèvements contre les normes patriciennes, comme cela se produit à la fin du XIII e siècle à Ypres et ailleurs dans les Flandres. Au total, ces sources, à travers le crédit, nous rapportent à la fois la structure économique et les évènements politiques à un moment crucial de l’histoire de l’urbanisation européenne.
Movement patterns and home range size of tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) in the Incomati River system, South Africa
Authors: Roux Francois , Steyn Gert , Hay Clinton , Wagenaar Ina 
Published: June 2018

Historical data suggested that the tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) of the Incomati River migrates upstream and downstream as part of their life history. It has been suggested that this movement was a prerequisite for successful spawning in inundated floodplains in Mozambique. Recent advances in aquatic radio telemetry provided a reliable mechanism to monitor fish movement and increase knowledge of the ecology of tigerfish. From 04 January 2003 to 22 December 2003, 41 tigerfish in the Incomati River system were fitted with radio transmitters to record movement patterns and estimate home range size. On average, each fish was tracked 72 times, and the total number of fixes was 2971 over the study period, including 1322 summer fixes and 1649 winter fixes. The mean longest distance travelled by tigerfish was 730 m (range = 75 m to 3200 m). The home range size varied between individual fish, but on average fish stayed within a defined home range of 48 846 m2. Tigerfish showed high site fidelity to specific habitats within specific activity zones and movement occurred primarily within these defined zones. Differences in movement pattern, longest distance travelled and home range size could not be attributed to the sex or size of the fish. No large-scale movement patterns associated with specific life history activity were observed; thus, previous reports of large-scale downstream migrations and spawning migrations appear to be invalid. The presence of weirs in the study area impedes free fish movement as these weirs create migration obstructions.Conservation implications: River regulation such as damming, water abstraction, obstructive barriers and channel modification may have a detrimental impact on the survival strategy of this species. Implementation of these results in a management policy will provide a reliable basis for species specific requirements such as upstream reservoir release management; minimum flow volumes required for downstream ecosystem maintenance and management and planning of structures obstructing natural flow.
Prevalence of virulence genes in Enterococcus species isolated from companion animals and livestock
Authors: Pillay Shirwin , Zishiri Oliver T. , Adeleke Matthew A. 
Published: June 2018

Enterococcus species have developed from being commensal bacteria to leading pathogens that cause infections in humans and animals. The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is the normal habitat of these species. Virulence factors are proteins that are produced by the bacterium which are used to enhance their pathogenicity. The objectives of this study were to isolate Enterococcus spp. from livestock and companion animals, differentiate between the different sub-species and detect the presence of important virulence genes. Rectal and saliva swabs were collected from dogs and cats, whereas only rectal swabs were collected from cattle and cloacal swabs from chickens. Presumptive Enterococcus was selected using Bile Esculin Azide (BEA) agar, and Enterococcus species were confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplifying the tuf gene. In order to differentiate between E. faecalis and E. faecium, a multiplex PCR was used to detect the SodA gene. The genes responsible for gelatinase production (gelE) and for conjugation (ccf) were also detected using PCR. Out of 211 animal swabs, 182 (86%) were positive for the tuf gene. Overall, there were 55 isolates of E. faecalis (30%) compared to 22 isolates of E. faecium (12%). The virulence genes had a prevalence of 52% and 36% for gelE and ccf, respectively, in all animal hosts. The results demonstrated that chicken cloacal samples had the highest prevalence for E. faecalis, gelE and ccf genes compared to all the other isolates detected from other animal hosts. The results also demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the prevalence of virulence genes (gelE and ccf) and animal species from which Enterococcus spp. was isolated. We provided evidence that healthy livestock and companion animals can harbour pathogenic Enterococcus that can be transferred via the food chain as well as through close association such as petting and licking of humans. This study partially demonstrated that Enterococci spp. are capable of evolving from being simple commensal bacteria to becoming pathogens that cause infection in humans and animals through the acquisition of virulence factors through mobile genetic elements.
Gestão da Informação: análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso de Biblioteconomia da UFF e UFRJ
Authors: Souza Luana Quintal de , Vogel Michely Mamede Jabala 
Published: June 2018

Introdução: No atual ambiente tecnológico e globalizado, com a informação sendo compartilhada em tempo real, surge a necessidade de realizar atividades e processos que possibilitem gerenciar de forma eficaz o fluxo informacional. Ao identificar essa necessidade, as organizações buscam investir em recursos humanos. O Bibliotecário, como profissional da informação, tem a capacidade de trabalhar com o ciclo de vida da informação de maneira eficiente, proporcionando vantagem para as organizações em que atua. Objetivo: Busca identificar os Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso de Biblioteconomia e Documentação da Universidade Federal Fluminense e da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, para levantar o estudo do tema Gestão da Informação na graduação. Metodologia: Empregou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica para estabelecer o referencial teórico e a Bibliometria para a mensuração da produção, realizando a pesquisa nos catálogos e repositórios das instituições escolhidas e organizou os dados em planilha, a fim de elaborar gráficos e quadros que identifiquem a cronologia da produção, qual instituição produziu mais sobre o tema, o uso de palavras-chave utilizados pelo autor comparados aos termos utilizados no processamento técnico para identificar os assuntos, e análise das referências mais utilizadas pelos alunos. Resultados: Ao todo foram analisados nove trabalhos, defendidos entre o ano de 2004 e 2014, os quais utilizaram ao todo 339 referências, 251 autores, com uma variação de 12 tipos documentais e foi identificado o uso ade 27 palavras-chave e 24 assuntos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que ainda são poucas as pesquisas sobre o tema na graduação de biblioteconomia, porém acredita-se na relevância do tema por ser uma das atuações do Bibliotecário.
COMMENTAIRES RELATIFS AUX PRINCIPALES RÈGLES RÉGISSANT LA TRANSITION DES SOCIÉTÉS CIVILES, DES SOCIÉTÉS EN NOM COLLECTIF ET DES SOCIÉTÉS EN COMMANDITE DU CODE CIVIL DU BAS CANADA AU CODE CIVIL DU QUÉBEC
Authors: Labrecque Marc-André 
Published: June 2018

L’effet de l’application du régime transitoire sur le statut juridique des sociétés existantes crée beaucoup de confusion ainsi qu’une certaine insécurité dans le milieu économique, mais surtout dans la communauté juridique.
L’article 115 de la Loi sur l’application de la réforme du Code civil régit la transition des sociétés civiles de l’ancien au nouveau Code.
Cet article a d’abord transformé les sociétés civiles existantes le 1er janvier 1994 en sociétés en nom collectif. Il les a obligé ensuite à se déclarer, entre le 1er janvier 1994 et le 1er janvier 1995, en vertu de la Loi sur la publicité légale des entreprises, des sociétés et des personnes morales.
Celles qui se sont conformées à cette obligation dans le délai prévu par la loi ont conservé leur forme juridique. Les autres sont devenues des sociétés en participation, en plus d’être passibles des sanctions pénales prévues par la Loi sur la publicité légale.
L’article 118 de la Loi d’application réglemente le passage des sociétés en nom collectif ou en commandite de l’ancien au nouveau système.
Il prévoit que celles qui étaient en défaut de se déclarer en vertu du Code civil du Bas Canada et de la Loi sur les déclarations des compagnies et sociétés, deviennent des sociétés en participation, à défaut de s’immatriculer conformément à la Loi sur la publicité légale entre le 1er janvier 1994 et le 1er janvier 1995.
À l’opposé, celles qui s’étaient conformées à l’obligation de publicité légale imposée par le droit antérieur conservent leur forme juridique, même si elles se déclarent après le 1er janvier 1995. Elles sont cependant passibles des sanctions pénales établies par la Loi sur la publicité légale.
La compréhension du régime transitoire applicable aux sociétés de personnes qui existaient lors de l’entrée en vigueur du Code civil du Québec nécessite une vision globale des règles pertinentes.
L’incertitude et la confusion découlant de l’interprétation des articles 115 et 118 de la Loi d’application ont été amplifiées par un jugement rendu par la Cour supérieure en 1998.
Derecho inteligente || Smart Law
Authors: Martínez García Jesús Ignacio 
Published: June 2018

RESUMEN: El derecho constituye una de las formas de inteligencia más necesarias y potentes, de la que depende el futuro de la humanidad. Es preciso conectar el pensamiento jurídico con el debate contemporáneo sobre la inteligencia. Se propone un enfoque integrador que abarca tanto la inteligencia artificial como la inteligencia institucional y la inteligencia emocional. Necesitamos juristas inteligentes, con nuevas formas de pensamiento, preparados para manejar un derecho que responde cada vez más a una dinámica de red. Conceptos clave de la racionalidad jurídica aparecen como componentes de la inteligencia. Las sociedades inteligentes dependen de sistemas inteligentes y las instituciones se presentan como objetos inteligentes. El derecho está modulando nuestro mundo mental y nuestra sensibilidad

ABSTRACT: Law is one of the most necessary and powerful types of intelligence. The future of humanity depends on it. We should connect legal thinking with the actual discussion on intelligence. This article presents an integrative approach that embraces both artificial, institutional and emotional intelligence. We need smart jurists, provided with new forms of thinking and trained to manage a law working increasingly as a net. Key concepts of legal rationality are components of intelligence. Smart societies depend on smart systems. Institutions appear as smart entities. Law modulates our mental world and our sensibility.
Pathway analysis identifies altered mitochondrial metabolism, neurotransmission, structural pathways and complement cascade in retina/RPE/ choroid in chick model of form-deprivation myopia
Authors: Giummarra Loretta , Crewther Sheila G. , Riddell Nina , Murphy Melanie J. , Crewther David P. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
RNA sequencing analysis has demonstrated bidirectional changes in metabolism, structural and immune pathways during early induction of defocus induced myopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether similar gene pathways are also related to the more excessive axial growth, ultrastructural and elemental microanalytic changes seen during the induction and recovery from form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in chicks and predicted by the RIDE model of myopia.

Methods
Archived genomic transcriptome data from the first three days of induction of monocularly occluded form deprived myopia (FDMI) in chicks was obtained from the GEO database (accession # GSE6543) while data from chicks monocularly occluded for 10 days and then given up to 24 h of normal visual recovery (FDMR) were collected. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software was used to determine enriched pathways during the induction (FDMI) and recovery (FDMR) from FD. Curated gene-sets were obtained from open access sources.

Results
Clusters of significant changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism, neurotransmission, ion channel transport, G protein coupled receptor signalling, complement cascades and neuron structure and growth were identified during the 10 days of induction of profound myopia and were found to correlate well with change in axial dimensions. Bile acid and bile salt metabolism pathways (cholesterol/lipid metabolism and sodium channel activation) were significantly upregulated during the first 24 h of recovery from 10 days of FDM.

Conclusions
The gene pathways altered during induction of FDM are similar to those reported in defocus induced myopia and are established indicators of oxidative stress, osmoregulatory and associated structural changes. These findings are also consistent with the choroidal thinning, axial elongation and hyperosmotic ion distribution patterns across the retina and choroid previously reported in FDM and predicted by RIDE.
Seasonal dynamics of terrestrial vertebrate abundance between Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests
Authors: Costa Hugo C.M. , Peres Carlos A. , Abrahams Mark I. 
Published: June 2018

The flood pulse is the main factor structuring and differentiating the ecological communities of Amazonian unflooded (terra firme) and seasonally-flooded (várzea) forests as they require unique adaptations to survive the prolonged annual floods. Therefore,várzeaandterra firmeforests hammer out a spatio-temporal mosaic of resource availability, which may result in landscape scale seasonal movements of terrestrial vertebrates between adjacent forest types. Yet the lateral movements of terrestrial vertebrates between hydrologically distinct neighbouring forest types exhibiting staggered resource availability remains poorly understood, despite the important implications of this spatial dynamic for the ecology and conservation of forest wildlife. We examined the hypothesis of terrestrial fauna seasonal movements between two adjacent forest types at two contiguous sustainable-use forest reserves in Western Brazilian Amazonia. We used camera trapping data on the overall species richness, composition, and abundance of nine major vertebrate trophic guilds to infer on terrestrial vertebrate movements as a function of seasonal changes in floodplain water level. Species richness differed in neighboringterra firmeforests between the high-and low-water phases of the flood pulse andterra firmeforests were more species rich thanvárzeaforests. There were clear differences in species composition between both forest types and seasons. Generalized Linear Models showed that water level was the main factor explaining aggregate abundance of all species and three trophic guilds. Our results indicate that the persistence of viable populations of large terrestrial vertebrates adjacent to major Amazonian rivers requires large, well-connected forest landscapes encompassing different forest types to ensure large-scale lateral movements by forest wildlife.
Highly Polarized and Fast Photoresponse of Black Phosphorus‐InSe Vertical p–n Heterojunctions
Authors: Zhao Siwen , Wu Junchi , Jin Ke , Ding Huaiyi , Li Taishen , Wu Changzheng , Pan Nan , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe van der Waals heterojunctions of 2D materials offer tremendous opportunities in designing and investigating multifunctional and high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, a vertical p–n diode is constructed by vertically stacking p‐type few‐layer black phosphorus (BP) on n‐type few‐layer indium selenide (InSe). The photodetector based on the heterojunction displays a broadband and gate‐modulated photoresponse under illumination. More importantly, by taking advantage of the strong linear dichroism of BP, the device demonstrates a highly polarization‐sensitive photocurrent with an anisotropy ratio as high as 0.83. Additionally, the device can function in a zero‐bias photovoltaic mode, enabling a fast photoresponse and low dark current. The external quantum efficiency can reach ≈3%, which is impressive for BP‐based devices. The results pave the way for the implementation of p‐BP/n‐InSe heterostructure as a promising candidate for future multifunctional optoelectronics and, especially, polarization‐sensitive applications.
Homojunction of Oxygen and Titanium Vacancies and its Interfacial n–p Effect
Authors: Wu Si‐Ming , Liu Xiao‐Long , Lian Xi‐Liang , Tian Ge , Janiak Christoph , Zhang Yue‐Xing , Lu Yi , Yu Hao‐Zheng , Hu Jie , Wei Hao , Zhao Heng , Chang Gang‐Gang , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Wang Li‐Ying , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe homojunction of oxygen/metal vacancies and its interfacial n–p effect on the physiochemical properties are rarely reported. Interfacial n–p homojunctions of TiO2 are fabricated by directly decorating interfacial p‐type titanium‐defected TiO2 around n‐type oxygen‐defected TiO2 nanocrystals in amorphous–anatase homogeneous nanostructures. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations on the cell lattice parameters show that the homojunction of oxygen and titanium vacancies changes the charge density of TiO2; a strong EPR signal caused by oxygen vacancies and an unreported strong titanium vacancies signal of 2D 1H TQ‐SQ MAS NMR are present. Amorphous–anatase TiO2 shows significant performance regarding the photogeneration current, photocatalysis, and energy storage, owing to interfacial n‐type to p‐type conductivity with high charge mobility and less structural confinement of amorphous clusters. A new “homojunction of oxygen and titanium vacancies” concept, characteristics, and mechanism are proposed at an atomic‐/nanoscale to clarify the generation of oxygen vacancies and titanium vacancies as well as the interface electron transfer.
A Straightforward Access to Stable β‐Functionalized Alkyl Selenols
Authors: Tanini Damiano , Tiberi Caterina , Gellini Cristina , Salvi Pier Remigio , Capperucci Antonella 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTreatment of epoxides with bis(trimethylsilyl)‐selenide under strictly controlled conditions allows to isolate β‐hydroxy selenols which evidence an unexpected stability, taking into account their known propensity to afford diselenides. Also thiiranes and aziridines lead to functionalized selenols bearing a thiol and a N‐Ts‐ or N‐Boc‐protected amino moiety on β‐position. These selenols were stable enough to react with different electrophiles. Ab‐initio DF calculations on two suitable model systems, n‐propyl selenol and β‐hydroxy derivative, allow to ascribe the observed low tendency to oxidation to noncovalent interactions between the selenol moiety and the −OH group.magnified image
Robust Sandwich‐Structured Nanofluidic Diodes Modulating Ionic Transport for an Enhanced Electrochromic Performance
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Liu Qirong , Kang Jianxin , Huang Qingjiao , Liu Zhaoyue , Diao Xungang , Zhai Jin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiomimetic solid‐state nanofluidic diodes have attracted extensive research interest due to the possible applications in various fields, such as biosensing, energy conversion, and nanofluidic circuits. However, contributions of exterior surface to the transmembrane ionic transport are often ignored, which can be a crucial factor for ion rectification behavior. Herein, a rational design of robust sandwich‐structured nanofluidic diode is shown by creating opposite charges on the exterior surfaces of a nanoporous membrane using inorganic oxides with distinct isoelectric points. Potential‐induced changes in ion concentration within the nanopores lead to a current rectification; the results are subsequently supported by a theoretical simulation. Except for providing surface charges, functional inorganic oxides used in this work are complementary electrochromic materials. Hence, the sandwich‐structured nanofluidic diode is further developed into an electrochromic membrane exhibiting a visual color change in response to redox potentials. The results show that the surface‐charge‐governed ionic transport and the nanoporous structure facilitate the migration of Li+ ions, which in turn enhance the electrochromic performance. It is envisioned that this work will create new avenues to design and optimize nanofluidic diodes and electrochromic devices.
Dead Ends Limit Charge Carrier Extraction from All‐Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Jasiūnas Rokas , Melianas Armantas , Xia Yuxin , Felekidis Nikolaos , Gulbinas Vidmantas , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExtraction of photocreated charge carriers from a prototypical all‐polymer organic solar cell is investigated by combining transient photocurrent and time‐delayed collection field experiments with numerical simulations. It is found that extraction is significantly hampered by charges getting trapped in spatial traps that are tentatively attributed to dead ends in the intermixed polymer network—in photovoltaic devices based on the same donor polymer and a fullerene acceptor this effect is much weaker. The slow‐down in charge extraction leads to enhanced recombination and associated performance losses. These effects are observed in addition to the dispersive behavior that is characteristic of charge motion in energetically disordered media. Upon annealing the effects of spatial traps diminish, rationalizing the doubling in device power conversion efficiency after annealing.