bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification-based Segmentation for Rehabilitation Exercise Monitoring
Authors: Lin Jonathan Feng-Shun , Joukov Vladimir , Kulić Dana 
Published: March 2018

Introduction Exercise segmentation, the process of isolating individual repetitions from continuous time series measurement of human motion, is key to providing online feedback to patients during rehabilitation and enables the computation of useful metrics such as joint velocity and range of motion that are otherwise difficult to measure in the clinical setting. Methods This paper proposes a classifier-based approach, where the motion segmentation problem is formulated as a two-class classification problem, classifying between segment and non-segment points. The proposed approach does not require domain knowledge of the exercises and generalizes to groups of participants and exercises that were not part of the training set, allowing for more robustness in clinical applications. Results Using only data from healthy participants for training, the proposed algorithm achieves an average segmentation accuracy of 92% on a 30-participant healthy dataset and 87% on a 44-patient rehabilitation dataset. Conclusion A real-time approach for segmentation of rehabilitation exercises is proposed, based on two-class classification approach. The method is validated on both healthy and rehabilitation motion datasets and generalizes to a variety of demographics and exercises not part of the training set.
Asthma health services utilisation before, during and after pregnancy: a population-based cohort study
Authors: To Teresa , Feldman Laura Y. , Zhu Jingqin , Gershon Andrea S. 
Published: March 2018

During pregnancy, females with asthma may be at higher risk of exacerbation. The objective of this study was to determine whether females with asthma in Ontario, Canada have increased health services utilisation (HSU) during pregnancy.Rates of asthma-specific, asthma-related and non-pregnancy-related HSU were calculated in a population-based cohort of pregnant females with asthma. Poisson regression with repeated measures was used to determine adjusted rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals of HSU during and 1 year after pregnancy, compared to the year before pregnancy.The cohort consisted of 103 976 pregnant females with asthma. Compared to the year prior to pregnancy, hospitalisation rates per 100 person-months during pregnancy increased 30% for asthma (from 0.016 to 0.020), 24% for asthma-related conditions (from 0.012 to 0.015) and decreased 37% for non-pregnancy-related conditions (from 0.24 to 0.15). Emergency department visits for asthma and asthma-related conditions did not increase significantly during pregnancy. During pregnancy, physician office visits decreased 19% for asthma (from 2.20 to 1.79), 10% for asthma-related conditions (from 9.44 to 8.47) and increased 74% for non-pregnancy-related conditions (from 56.4 to 98.2).Hospitalisations for asthma and asthma-related conditions increased during pregnancy, demonstrating that the overall increase in non-pregnancy-related physician office visits may not meet the primary care needs of pregnant females with asthma.
Biomarkers of carcinogenesis and tumour growth in patients with cutaneous melanoma and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Santamaria-Martos Fernando , Benítez Ivan , Girón Cristina , Barbé Ferran , Martínez-García Miguel-Angel , Hernández Luis , Montserrat Josep M. , Nagore Eduardo , Martorell Antonio , Campos-Rodriguez Francisco , Corral Jaime , Cabriada Valentin , Abad Jorge , Mediano Olga , Troncoso Maria F. , Cano-Pumarega Irene , Fortuna Gutierrez Ana Maria , Diaz-Cambriles Trinidad , Somoza-Gonzalez Maria , Almendros Isaac , Farre Ramon , Gozal David , Sánchez-de-la-Torre Manuel 
Published: March 2018

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the levels of carcinogenesis- and tumour growth-related biomarkers in patients with cutaneous melanoma.This multicentre observational study included patients who were newly diagnosed with melanoma. The patients were classified as non-OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) 0–5 events·h−1), mild OSA (AHI 5–15 events·h−1) and moderate–severe OSA (AHI >15 events·h−1). ELISAs were performed to analyse the serum levels of hypoxia- and tumour adhesion-related biomarkers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1) and markers of tumour aggressiveness (S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA)). A logistic model adjusted for age, sex and body mass index was fitted to each biomarker, and the AHI served as the dependent variable.360 patients were included (52.2% male, median (interquartile range) age 55.5 (43.8–68.0) years and AHI 8.55 (2.8–19.5) events·h−1). The levels of VEGF, IL-8, ICAM-1, S100B and MIA were not related to the severity of OSA. The levels of VCAM-1 were higher in patients with OSA than those without OSA (mild OSA: odds ratio (OR) 2.07, p=0.021; moderate–severe OSA: OR 2.35, p=0.013).In patients with cutaneous melanoma, OSA was associated with elevated circulating levels of VCAM-1 that could indicate the contribution of OSA in tumorigenesisviaintegrin-based adhesion.
Mesenchymal stem cells enhance NOX2-dependent reactive oxygen species production and bacterial killing in macrophages during sepsis
Authors: Rabani Razieh , Volchuk Allen , Jerkic Mirjana , Ormesher Lindsay , Garces-Ramirez Linda , Canton Johnathan , Masterson Claire , Gagnon Stephane , Tatham Kate C. , Marshall John , Grinstein Sergio , Laffey John G. , Szaszi Katalin , Curley Gerard F. 
Published: March 2018

Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to produce an M2-like, alternatively activated phenotype in macrophages. In addition, MSCs mediate effective bacterial clearance in pre-clinical sepsis models. Thus, MSCs have a paradoxical antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory response that is not understood.Here, we studied the phenotypic and functional response of monocyte-derived human macrophages to MSC exposurein vitro.MSCs induced two distinct, coexistent phenotypes: M2-like macrophages (generally elongated morphology, CD163+, acute phagosomal acidification, low NOX2 expression and limited phagosomal superoxide production) and M1-like macrophages characterised by high levels of phagosomal superoxide production. Enhanced phagosomal reactive oxygen species production was also observed in alveolar macrophages from a rodent model of pneumonia-induced sepsis. The production of M1-like macrophages was dependent on prostaglandin E2and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. MSCs enhanced human macrophage phagocytosis of unopsonised bacteria and enhanced bacterial killing compared with untreated macrophages. Bacterial killing was significantly reduced by blockade of NOX2 using diphenyleneiodonium, suggesting that M1-like cells are primarily responsible for this effect. MSCs also enhanced phagocytosis and polarisation of M1-like macrophages derived from patients with severe sepsis.The enhanced antimicrobial capacity (M1-like) and inflammation resolving phenotype (M2-like) may account for the paradoxical effect of these cells in sepsisin vivo.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Azoramide, a novel regulator, favors adipogenesis against osteogenesis through inhibiting the GLP-1 receptor-PKA-β-catenin pathway
Authors: Ruan Banjun , Zhu Zheng , Yan Zhao , Yang Wei , Zhai Dongsheng , Wang Li , Ye Zichen , Lu Huanyu , Xiang An , Liang Jingwei , Jiang Yinghao , Xu Chengming , Wang Zhenyu , Wei Ming , Lei Xiaoying , Cao Xiaorui , Lu Zifan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
The reciprocal fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to either bone or adipocytes is determined by Wnt-related signaling and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Azoramide, an ER stress alleviator, was reported to have an antidiabetic effect. In this study, we investigated the function of azoramide in regulating the lineage determination of MSCs for either adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation.

Methods
In this study, microcomputed tomography and histological analysis on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2-induced parietal periosteum bone formation assays, C3H10T1/2 and mouse bone marrow MSC-derived bone formation and adipogenesis assays, and specific staining for bone tissue and lipid droplets were used to evaluate the role of azoramide on the lineage determination of MSC differentiation. Cells were harvested for Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence staining was used to explore the potential mechanism of azoramide for regulating MSC differentiation.

Results
Based on MSC-derived bone formation assays both in vivo and in vitro, azoramide treatment displayed a cell fate determining ability in favor of adipogenesis over osteogenesis. Further mechanistic characterizations disclosed that both the GLP-1R agonist peptide exendin-4 (Ex-4) and GLP-1R small interfering (si)RNA abrogated azoramide dual effects. Moreover, cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated nuclear β-catenin activity was responsible for the negative function of azoramide on bone formation in favor of adipogenesis.

Conclusions
These data provide the first evidence to show that azoramide may serve as an antagonist against GLP-1R in MSC lineage determination.
Passionate and Pious
Authors: Moultrie Monique 
Published: March 2018

In Passionate and Pious Monique Moultrie explores the impact of faith-based sexual ministries on black women's sexual agency to trace how these women navigate sexuality, religious authority, and their spiritual walk with God. Providing churchwomen a space to candidly discuss these issues, these popular ministries exist largely beyond the traditional church, with dialogues about sex taking place in chat rooms and through text messages, social media, email, and other media. Moultrie foregrounds televangelist Juanita Bynum's construction of the black Christian sexual identity these ministries promote while emphasizing how churchwomen reconcile these prescriptive identities with their individual experiences. What does it mean for senior women to exercise sexual agency when their church standing could be questioned? What does celibacy mean for women who experience same-sex desire while believing that such desire goes against God's will? Advancing a womanist sexual ethics, Moultrie reframes biblical interpretations and conceptions of what constitutes a healthy relationship to provide a basis for sexual decision making that does not privilege monogamy or deny female pleasure, thereby calling on black churchwomen to experience responsible and life-enhancing sex.
Instructed-Assembly (iA): A Molecular Process for Controlling Cell Fate
Authors: He Hongjian , Xu Bing 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Instructed-assembly (iAssembly or iA) refers to the formation of ordered superstructures of molecules as the consequence of at least one trigger event (e.g., a reaction or a ligand-receptor interaction). As a biomimetic process that transforms from an equilibrium to another equilibrium, iA is emerging as a powerful approach to provide spatiotemporal control for a range of potential biomedical applications, including molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering. This account introduces the general concept of iA in the context of cells and illustrates how to achieve iA for applications. By mainly describing the representative examples of iA and its applications in complex environments, such as cells or animals, and providing the perspectives of the future development of iA, we intend to show that, as a process that bridges self-assembly and self-organization, iA offers chemists a facile means to explore the emergent properties of molecular assemblies and the dynamics of molecular processes to control cell fate. Particularly, iA promises many wonderful surprises and useful applications in physical and/or life sciences when multiple processes (e.g., self-assembly, instructed-assembly, and self-organization) are taking place simultaneously.
Effects of Two Hours of Heavy-Intensity Exercise on the Power–Duration Relationship
Authors: CLARK IDA E. , VANHATALO ANNI , BAILEY STEPHEN J. , WYLIE LEE J. , KIRBY BRETT S. , WILKINS BRAD W. , JONES ANDREW M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Changes in the parameters of the power–time relationship (critical power (CP) and W′) during endurance exercise would have important implications for performance. We tested the hypotheses that CP and W′, estimated using the end-test power (EP) and the work done above EP (WEP), respectively, during a the 3-min all-out test (3MT), can be reliably determined, and would be lower, after completing 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise.

Methods
In study 1, six cyclists completed a 3MT immediately after 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise on two occasions to establish the reliability of EP and WEP. In study 2, nine cyclists completed a control 3MT, and a fatigued 3MT and constant power output tests to 30 min or the limit of tolerance (T
lim) below and above F-EP after 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise.

Results
In study 1, EP (273 ± 52 vs 276 ± 58 W) and WEP (12.4 ± 4.3 vs 12.8 ± 4.3 kJ) after 2 h of heavy-intensity exercise were not different (P > 0.05) and were highly correlated (r = 0.99; P < 0.001). In study 2, both EP (F-EP: 282 ± 52 vs C-EP: 306 ± 56 W; P < 0.01) and WEP (F-WEP: 14.7 ± 4.9 vs C-WEP: 18.3 ± 4.1 kJ; P < 0.05) were lower after 2-h heavy-intensity exercise. However, maximum O2 uptake was not achieved during exercise >F-EP and T
lim was shorter than 30 min during exercise <F-EP (18.2 ± 10.7 min).

Conclusions
The EP and WEP may be reliably determined after 2-h heavy-intensity exercise. The 8% and 20% reductions in EP and WEP, respectively, have important implications for performance during endurance exercise. The physiological characterization of EP (and, by extension, CP) may differ in a fatigued compared with a rested state.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in an animal model of diabetic neuropathy is associated with a reduction of neurosteroid synthesis.
Authors: Humble Stephen R. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Recent work in a model of diabetic neuropathy revealed that layer 2/3 cortical pyramidal neurones of the pain pathway exhibited reduced endogenous neurosteroid modulation of the GABAAR and exogenously applied neurosteroids had an exaggerated impact. It is postulated that this is related to reduced precursor synthesis, due to mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy. Benzodiazepines are also known to activate neurosteroidogenesis by binding to mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO). This study explored the differential effect of diazepam on GABAAR modulation via neurosteroidogenesis in diabetic and wild type (WT) mice. Methods: Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used on slices of neural tissue. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from layer 2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons of the pain pathway from mice with type-II diabetic neuropathy (ob/ob) and WT controls aged 60-80 days. Results: There was a key difference in the response of the WT and ob/ob cortical neurons to simultaneous incubation with diazepam and flumazenil. In contrast, diazepam and the 5a-reductase inhibitor finasteride, individually or in combination, produced the same response in both strains. Conclusions: The exaggerated effect of diazepam on GABAergic inhibitory tone in the ob/ob, despite the presence of the GABAAR benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil is likely observed due to physiological upregulation of key neurosteroidogenic enzymes in response to the reduced pregnenolone synthesis by the mitochondria. By increasing pregnenolone via TSPO activation, it is possible to promote enhanced neurosteroidogenesis and increase GABAergic inhibitory tone via an alternate route. In diabetic neuropathy, mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role. Enhancing the GABAergic neurosteroid tone could be of potential therapeutic benefit.
Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak
Authors: Den Boon Saskia , Vallenas Constanza , Ferri Mauricio , Norris Susan L. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) health facility transmission can result in infection and death of health workers. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports countries in preparing for and responding to public health emergencies, which often require developing new guidance in short timelines with scarce evidence. The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians’ and nurses’ perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. Methods: We surveyed frontline physicians and nurses deployed to West Africa between March and September of 2014. Results: We developed the protocol, obtained ethics approval, delivered the survey, analysed the data and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated within eight weeks. Forty-four physicians and nurses responded to the survey. They generally felt at low or extremely low risk of virus transmission with all types of PPE used. Eye protection reduced the ability to provide care, mainly due to impaired visibility because of fogging. Heat and dehydration were a major issue for 76% of the participants using goggles and for 64% using a hood. Both gowns and coveralls were associated with significant heat stress and dehydration. Most participants (59%) were very confident that they were using PPE correctly. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that it was possible to incorporate primary data on end-users’ preferences into a rapid advice guideline for a public health emergency in difficult field conditions. Health workers perceived a balance between transmission protection and ability to care for patients effectively while wearing PPE. These findings were used by the guideline development expert panel to formulate WHO recommendations on PPE for frontline providers caring for EVD patients in outbreak conditions.
Charity in the Laboratory: Matching, Competition, and Group Identity
Authors: Charness Gary , Holder Patrick 
Published: March 2018

We conduct a laboratory experiment in which participants can make donations to real charities. We vary whether the experimenter provides matching funds for any such donations, and whether there is individual or team competition for these matching funds. Our results indicate that providing matching funds for all donations does increase donations from 23% to 33% of the endowment. While individual competition for matching funds had nearly the same effectiveness as matching all donations, by far the most effective approach was to form (anonymous) teams that competed for matching funds; this led to donations of 47% of the endowment. We appeal to the notion of group identity to explain our results—participants seemed to be reluctant to “let down their team” in a competition. Our results can be seen as providing support for the notion that combining group identity and competition creates a motivation that can potentially be harnessed effectively for prosocial purposes. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Corporate Innovation Along the Supply Chain
Authors: Chu Yongqiang , Tian Xuan , Wang Wenyu 
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we document a positive effect of supplier–customer geographic proximity on supplier innovation. To establish causality, we explore plausibly exogenous variation in proximity caused by customer relocations. The positive effect of supplier–customer proximity on supplier innovation is stronger when customers are more innovative themselves, when suppliers and customers are closer in technological space, and when customers’ demand accounts for a larger fraction of suppliers’ total sales. These findings suggest that the feedback channel and the demand channel are likely underlying mechanisms through which supplier–customer proximity affects supplier innovation. Overall, our paper sheds new light on the real effect of supplier–customer relationship on corporate innovation.This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Posteromedial bowing of the tibia: A benign condition or a case for limb reconstruction?
Authors: Wright J. , Hill R. A. , Eastwood D. M. , Hashemi-Nejad A. , Calder P. , Tennant S. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose To review the initial deformity and subsequent remodelling in posteromedial bowing of the tibia and the outcome of limb reconstruction in this condition. Patients and Methods In all, 38 patients with posteromedial bowing of the tibia presenting between 2000 and 2016 were identified. Mean follow-up from presentation was 78 months. A total of 17 patients underwent lengthening and deformity correction surgery, whilst three further patients are awaiting lengthening and deformity correction procedures. Results The greatest correction of deformity occurred in the first year of life, but after the age of four years, remodelling was limited. The absolute leg-length discrepancy (LLD) increased throughout growth with a mean 14.3% discrepancy in tibial length. In the lengthening group, mean length gained per episode was 45 mm (35 to 60). Mean duration in frame was 192 days, with a mean healing index of 42.4 days/cm. Significantly higher rates of recurrence in LLD were seen in those undergoing lengthening under the age of ten years (p = 0.046). Four contralateral epiphysiodeses were also performed. Conclusion Posteromedial bowing of the tibia improves spontaneously during the first years of life, but in 20/38 (53%) patients, limb reconstruction was indicated for significant residual deformity and/or worsening LLD. For larger discrepancies and persistent deformity, limb reconstruction with a hexapod external fixator should be considered as part of the treatment options. Level of evidence Level IV (Case series)
Perceptions of Family Engagement and Support in SWIFT Schools
Authors: Gross Judith M. S. , Choi Jeong Hoon , Francis Grace L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent research and federal legislation highlight the importance of family engagement and support. However, meaningful and effective family engagement does not always come to fruition in public schools. Developing and maintaining relationships with families can be especially challenging in an inclusive school setting, given the difficulty of blending general and special education requirements, policies, and practices. The purpose of this research was to investigate (a) the relationship between families' perceived support in 32 schools implementing the Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation (SWIFT) framework, a product of a federally funded technical assistance center; and (b) the degree to which the SWIFT framework was implemented with fidelity in these schools. Results of multilevel modeling indicated that, with the exception of the Inclusive Policy Structure and Practice domain, SWIFT implementation significantly and positively predicted families' perceptions of parent support. This finding suggests that effective implementation of the SWIFT framework can predict parents' participation in and shared information about child progress or school activities.