bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exaggerated BMP4 signalling alters human airway basal progenitor cell differentiation to cigarette smoking-related phenotypes
Authors: Zuo Wu-Lin , Yang Jing , Strulovici-Barel Yael , Salit Jacqueline , Rostami Mahboubeh , Mezey Jason G. , O'Beirne Sarah L. , Kaner Robert J. , Crystal Ronald G. 
Published: January 2019

Airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) originates, in part, from smoking-induced changes in airway basal stem/progenitor cells (BCs). Based on the knowledge that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) influences epithelial progenitor function in the developing and adult mouse lung, we hypothesised that BMP4 signalling may regulate the biology of adult human airway BCs relevant to COPD.BMP4 signalling components in human airway epithelium were analysed at the mRNA and protein levels, and the differentiation of BCs was assessed using the BC expansion and air–liquid interface models in the absence/presence of BMP4, BMP receptor inhibitor and/or small interfering RNAs against BMP receptors and downstream signalling.The data demonstrate that in cigarette smokers, BMP4 is upregulated in ciliated and intermediate undifferentiated cells, and expression of the BMP4 receptor BMPR1A is enriched in BCs. BMP4 induced BCs to acquire a smoking-related abnormal phenotypein vitromediated by BMPR1A/Smad signalling, characterised by decreased capacity to differentiate into normal mucociliary epithelium, while generating squamous metaplasia.Exaggerated BMP4 signalling promotes cigarette smoking-relevant airway epithelial remodelling by inducing abnormal phenotypes in human airway BCs. Targeting of BMP4 signalling in airway BCs may represent a novel target to prevent/treat COPD-associated airway disease.
The effectiveness and effects of alcohol regulation: evidence from India
Authors: Luca Dara Lee , Owens Emily , Sharma Gunjan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effects of alcohol regulation on alcohol consumption and associated public health outcomes using detailed individual level and aggregate data from India, where state-level laws regulating the minimum legal drinking age generate substantial variation in the availability of commercially produced alcohol across people of different ages. We find that despite significant law evasion, men who are legally allowed to drink are substantially more likely to consume alcohol. Further, men who are legally allowed to drink are significantly more likely to commit violence against their partners, suggesting a causal channel between alcohol consumption and domestic violence. These results are robust to the exclusion of states with prohibition, implying that they are driven by differences in MLDA. We also examine the effects of alcohol regulation on other public health outcomes. Consistent with the existing literature, we find evidence that smoking and drinking are complements. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that stricter alcohol control is associated with lower rates of motor vehicle accidents and crimes against women, but not other forms of crime.
Celecoxib With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Might Worsen Outcomes Differentially by COX-2 Expression and ER Status: Exploratory Analysis of the REMAGUS02 Trial
Authors: Hamy Anne-Sophie , Tury Sandrine , Wang Xiaofei , Gao Junheng , Pierga Jean-Yves , Giacchetti Sylvie , Brain Etienne , Pistilli Barbara , Marty Michel , Espié Marc , Benchimol Gabriel , Laas Enora , Laé Marick , Asselain Bernard , Aouchiche Brice , Edelman Martin , Reyal Fabien 
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE The overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene, also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( PTGS2), occurs in breast cancer, but whether it affects response to anticox drugs remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between PTGS2 expression, celecoxib use during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and both event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 156 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 –negative breast cancer from the REMAGUS02 (ISRCTN Registry No. 10059974) trial with pretreatment PTGS2 expression data. Patients were treated by sequential NAC (epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel with or without celecoxib). Experimental validation was performed on breast cancer cell lines. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 30801 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01041781) trial that tested chemotherapy with or without celecoxib in patients with lung cancer served as an independent validation cohort. RESULTS After 94.5 months of follow-up, EFS was significantly lower in the celecoxib group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1 to 2.88; P = .046). A significant interaction between PTGS2 expression and celecoxib use was detected ( Pinteraction = .01). In the PTGS2-low group (n = 100), EFS was lower in the celecoxib arm (HR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.45 to 6.24; P = .002) than in the standard treatment arm. Celecoxib use was an independent predictor of poor EFS, distant relapse–free survival, and OS. Celecoxib in addition to docetaxel enhanced cell viability in PTGS2-low cell lines but not in PTGS2-high cell lines. In CALGB 30801, a trend toward poorer progression-free survival was observed in the patients with low urinary metabolite of prostaglandin E2 who received celecoxib (HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 0.87 to 2.84; P = .13). CONCLUSION Celecoxib use during chemotherapy adversely affected survival in patients with breast cancer, and the effect was more marked in PTGS2-low and/or estrogen receptor–negative tumors. COX-2 inhibitors should preferably be avoided during docetaxel use in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing NAC.
Challenges Associated With Living Remotely From a Pediatric Cancer Center: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Walling Emily B. , Fiala Mark , Connolly Andrea , Drevenak Alyssa , Gehlert Sarah 
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE: Pediatric patients with cancer who live in rural communities face disparate access to medical services compared with those in urban areas. Our objectives were to use qualitative methods to describe how living in a rural setting during receipt of treatment at an urban cancer center affects a patient’s clinical course and to identify feasible areas of intervention to enhance service to these families. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews of caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer who received treatment at an urban pediatric hospital in the Midwest. Questions focused on how distance between home residence and cancer-treating hospital affected cancer treatment. RESULTS: Eighteen caregiver interviews were conducted. Five multithemed domains were identified; two related to receipt of emergent care at local hospitals, one related to the impact that distance had on the family, and two related to managing and coping with a pediatric cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Rural families of pediatric patients with cancer face unique challenges in addition to those previously identified for pediatric patients with cancer, most notably increased travel time to their cancer centers and increased time spent in community hospitals to receive emergent care. We recommend feasible steps to improve the care of rural children with cancer, including improved parental anticipatory guidance about unanticipated emergent visits to local hospitals, outreach to local hospitals, and medical visit coordination.
Book Review: "Toward a historical Sociolinguistic Poetics of Medieval Greek", eds. A. CUOMO- E. TRAPP, Studies in Byzantine History and Civilization (SBHC 12)
Authors: ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗ Αννα Σπυρίδωνος 
Published: January 2019

Book Review: Byzantios, Studies in Byzantine History and Civilization (SBHC 12) Toward a Historical Sociolinguistic Poetics of Medieval Greek, A. CUOMO- E. TRAPP (eds.) VIII+233 p., 11 b/w ill., 156 x 234 mm, 2017 ISBN: 978-2-503-57713-5 Languages: English, French, Italian.
Book Review:Jean-Claude CHEYNET – Turan GOKYILDIRIM – Vera BULGURLU Les sceaux byzantins du Musée archéologique d’Istanbul: Istanbul Research Institute 2012
Authors: KARAGIORGOU Olga 
Published: January 2019

Book Review:Jean-Claude CHEYNET – Turan GOKYILDIRIM – Vera BULGURLU, Les sceaux byzantins du Musée archéologique d’Istanbul: Istanbul Research Institute 2012
Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype Epidemiology among PCV-10 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children at Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, Nairobi County: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Walekhwa Michael , Muturi Margaret , Gunturu Revathi , Kenya Eucharia , Kabera Beatrice 
Published: January 2019

Background: Serotype replacement and emergence of multidrug resistantS. pneumoniaehas exacerbated the need for continuous regional serotype surveillance especially in the developing world. We investigatedS. pneumoniaeserotypes circulating among vaccinated and unvaccinated children ≤5 years in Nairobi County post PCV10 era.Methods: A total of 206 vaccinated and unvaccinated children attending Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital (GCH) were recruited for this study. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected using Copan Flocked Swabs were the main study specimen. Culturing and isolation ofS. pneumoniaewas done on BA with gentamicin and BA plates respectively at the GCH main laboratory. Serotyping was done using the Quellung reaction at the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi. Results: Out of the 206 subjects sampled, 20.39% (42) were found to be carriers ofS. pneumoniae. About 52% (n=22) of theS. pneumoniaecarriers had received the recommended dose of PCV-10, while 48% (n=20) of the carriers had not. Almost all (n=41; 19.90% of subjects) isolates contained non-vaccine typeS. pneumoniaeserotypes, while n=1 of the serotypes (in 0.49% of subjects) were untypeable. Serotypes 28F, 6A, 11A, 3 and 7C were prevalent in both vaccinated and unvaccinated children, whereas serotypes 23A, 17F, 35F, 48, 13 and 35B, and 23B, 20, 19B, 21, untypeable, 15B and 39 were found among unvaccinated and vaccinated groups, respectively.Conclusions: AllS. pneumoniaeserotypes isolated from the subjects sampled were non PCV-10 vaccine type. These results therefore highlight the importance of monitoring and evaluation to provide epidemiological information to determine the effectiveness of PCV10 in Kenya’s Public health services.
on the relevance of cognitive neuroscience for community of inquiry
Authors: Weinstein Mark leonard , Fisherman Dan 
Published: January 2019

Community of inquiry is most often seen as a dialogical procedure for the cooperative development of reasonable approaches to knowledge and meaning. This reflects a deep commitment to normatively based reasoning that is pervasive in a wide range of approaches to critical thinking and argument, where the underlying theory of reasoning is logic driven, whether formal or informal. The commitment to normative reasoning is deeply historical reflecting the fundamental distinction between reason and emotion. Despite the deep roots of the distinction and its canonization in current educational thought, contemporary cognitive neuroscience presents a fundamental challenge to the viability of the distinction and thus to any effort that sees education for reasonable judgment to be based on the remediation of cognition in isolation from its roots in the emotions. Cognitive neuroscience looks at the deep connections between emotion and memory, information retrieval, and resistance to refutation. This conforms with earlier studies in experimental psychology, which showed resistance to changing beliefs in the face of evidence, including evidence based on personal experience. This paper will look at the recent research including speculations from neurological modeling that shows the depth of connection between, emotions, memory and reasoning. It will draw implications for dialogic thinking within a community of inquiry including systematic self-reflection as an essential aspect of critical thinking.
The use of oral anticoagulants for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mulliss Kelly , Green Shona 
Published: January 2019

Atrial fibrillation is a common condition in the UK that puts patients at a higher risk of stroke if left untreated. Kelly Mulliss and Shona Green explore the reasons why patients may not be being prescribed oral anticoagulants to reduce this risk Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common condition in the older UK population and research states that it puts patients at a higher risk of stroke. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance suggests that patients at risk of stroke should be prescribed an oral anticoagulant (OAC). This article presents the findings of a clinical audit in a general practice and explores methods by which patient risk can be assessed. The authors offer suggestions as to why patients may not be receiving OAC when they are at risk, as well as ways in which health professionals in general practice may effectively implement NICE guidance and reduce the risk of stroke in their patients.
The epidemiology and trends in the surgical management of calcaneal fractures in England between 2000 and 2017
Authors: Humphrey J. A. , Woods A. , Robinson A. H. N. 
Published: January 2019

Aims This paper documents the epidemiology of adults (aged more than 18 years) with a calcaneal fracture who have been admitted to hospital in England since 2000. Secondary aims were to document whether publication of the United Kingdom Heel Fracture Trial (UK HeFT) influenced the proportion of patients admitted to hospital with a calcaneal fracture who underwent surgical treatment, and to determine whether there has been any recent change in the surgical technique used for these injuries. Patients and Methods In England, the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data are recorded annually. Between 2000/01 and 2016/17, the number of adults admitted to an English NHS hospital with a calcaneal fracture and whether they underwent surgical treatment was determined. Results During this 17-year period, 62 858 patients were admitted to hospital with a calcaneal fracture. The male-to-female ratio was 2.66:1. The mean annual incidence was 10.5/100 000 for men and 3.8/100 000 for women. The results of the UK HeFT were published in July 2014. The percentage of patients admitted with a calcaneal fracture undergoing internal fixation was 7.31% (3792/51 859) before and 7.38% (534/7229) after its publication. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.94). Since 2015, there has been a significant increase in the percentage of calcaneal fractures treated by closed reduction and internal fixation, as opposed to open reduction and internal fixation, from 7.7% (292/3792) to 13.29% (71/534) (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study documents the epidemiology and trends in surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures in England. We established that surgeons did not change their practice in terms of offering surgery to these patients in response to the results of the UK HeFT. There has been a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the number of calcaneal fractures being treated surgically using less invasive procedures.
The influence of obesity on clinical outcomes of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Xu S. , Lim W-A. J. , Chen J. Y. , Lo N. N. , Chia S-L. , Tay D. K. J. , Hao Y. , Yeo S. J. 
Published: January 2019

AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of obesity on the clinical outcomes and survivorship ten years postoperatively in patients who underwent a fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).Patients and MethodsWe prospectively followed 184 patients who underwent UKA between 2003 and 2007 for a minimum of ten years. A total of 142 patients with preoperative body mass index (BMI) of < 30 kg/m2were in the control group (32 male, 110 female) and 42 patients with BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2were in the obese group (five male, 37 female). Pre- and postoperative range of movement (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and survivorship were analyzed.ResultsPatients in the obese group underwent UKA at a significantly younger mean age (56.5 years (sd 6.4)) than those in the control group (62.4 years (sd 7.8); p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in preoperative functional scores. However, those in the obese group had a significantly lower ROM (116° (sd 15°) vs 123° (sd 17°); p = 0.003). Both groups achieved significant improvement in outcome scores regardless of BMI, ten years postoperatively. All patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for OKS and KSS. Both groups also had high rates of satisfaction (96.3% in the control group and 97.5% in the obese group) and the fulfilment of expectations (94.9% in the control group and 95.0% in the obese group). Multiple linear regression showed a clear association between obesity and a lower OKS two years postoperatively and Knee Society Function Score (KSFS) ten years postoperatively. After applying propensity matching, obese patients had a significantly lower KSFS, OKS, and physical component score (PCS) ten years postoperatively. Seven patients underwent revision to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), two in the control group and five in the obese group, resulting in a mean rate of survival at ten years of 98.6% and 88.1%, respectively (p = 0.012).ConclusionBoth groups had significant improvements in functional and quality-of-life scores postoperatively. However, obesity was a significant predictor of poorer improvement in clinical outcome and an increased rate of revision ten years postoperatively.
A standardized interdisciplinary algorithm for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Karczewski D. , Winkler T. , Renz N. , Trampuz A. , Lieb E. , Perka C. , Müller M. 
Published: January 2019

Aims In 2013, we introduced a specialized, centralized, and interdisciplinary team in our institution that applied a standardized diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The hypothesis for this study was that the outcome of treatment would be improved using this approach. Patients and Methods In a retrospective analysis with a standard postoperative follow-up, 95 patients with a PJI of the hip and knee who were treated with a two-stage exchange between 2013 and 2017 formed the study group. A historical cohort of 86 patients treated between 2009 and 2011 not according to the standardized protocol served as a control group. The success of treatment was defined according to the Delphi criteria in a two-year follow-up. Results Patients in the study group had a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (3.9 vs 3.1; p = 0.009) and rate of previous revisions for infection (52.6% vs 36%; p = 0.025), and tended to be older (69.0 vs 66.2 years; p = 0.075) with a broader polymicrobial spectrum (47.3% vs 33.7%; p = 0.062). The rate of recurrent infection (3.1% vs 10.4%; p = 0.048) and the mean time interval between the two stages of the procedure (66.6 vs 80.7 days; p < 0.001) were reduced significantly in the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion We were able to show that the outcome following the treatment of PJIs of the hip and knee is better when managed in a separate department with an interdisciplinary team using a standard algorithm.
Morphometric geometrical analysis to determine the centre of the acetabular component placement in Crowe type IV hips undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Yoshitani J. , Kabata T. , Kajino Y. , Ueno T. , Ueoka K. , Nakamura T. , Tsuchiya H. 
Published: January 2019

AimsWe analyzed the acetabular morphology of Crowe type IV hips using CT data to identify a landmark for the ideal placement of the centre of the acetabular component, as assessed by morphometric geometrical analysis, and its reliability.Patients and MethodsA total of 52 Crowe IV hips (42 patients; seven male, 35 female; mean age 68.5 years (32 to 82)) and 50 normal hips (50 patients; eight male, 42 female; mean age 60.7 years (34 to 86)) undergoing total hip arthroplasty were retrospectively identified. In this CT-based simulation study, the acetabular component was positioned at the true acetabulum with a radiological inclination of 40° and anteversion of 20°. Acetabular shape and the position of the centre of the acetabular component were analyzed by morphometric geometrical analysis using the generalized Procrustes analysis.ResultsThe acetabular shapes of Crowe IV hips were distinctively triangular; the ideal position of the centre of the acetabular component was superior on the posterior bony wall. The first and second relative warps explained 34.2% and 18.4% of the variance, respectively, compared with that of 28.6% and 18.0% in normal hips. We defined the landmark as one-third the distance from top on the posterior bony wall in Crowe IV hips. The average distance from the centre of the acetabular component was 5.6 mm.ConclusionCrowe IV hips are distinctively triangular; the point one-third from the top on the posterior bony wall was a useful landmark for placing the acetabular component.
Numéro 143 - Janvier 2019
Authors: Attanasi Gautier , Bodart Vincent , Courtoy François , Fontenay Sébastien , Ounnas Alexandre , Sauvenier Mathieu 
Published: January 2019

Après avoir été soutenue en 2017, la croissance de l’économie belge est redevenue plus modeste en 2018. L’expansion de l’économie belge resterait modérée en 2019. Alors que la demande intérieure devrait être soutenue par l’amélioration de la situation du marché du travail et du pouvoir d’achat des ménages, de même que par un certain optimisme des entreprises, la contribution de la demande étrangère serait en revanche réduite en raison d’un ralentissement de la croissance de l’économie mondiale et du commerce international. De 1,5 % en 2018, la croissance du PIB belge diminuerait à 1,3 % en 2019.
En résumé , nos prévisions macroéconomiques pour 2019 sont les suivantes:

L’économie belge devrait croître de 1,3 % en 2019.
L’emploi augmenterait, en termes nets, de 37.900 unités en 2019.
Le nombre de demandeurs d’emploi diminuerait de 15.200 unités en 2019.
L’inflation générale des prix à la consommation s’élèverait à 1,8 % en 2019.
Le déficit budgétaire des administrations publiques serait de 1,6 % du PIB en 2019.
АВТОБІОГРАФІЧНА ПАМ'ЯТЬ У СТРУКТУРІ ЩОДЕННИКОВОГО ДИСКУРСУ
Authors: Ігнатьєва Світлана 
Published: January 2019

W artykule poddano analizie pamięć autobiografi czną jako proces spowodowany chęcią pamiętnikarza-adresanta głębiej wniknąć w swoje wewnętrzne „Ja”, jak najlepiej zrozumieć samego siebie, swoją przeszłość, osiągnąć sens istnienia. Określono subiektywne czynniki, które wpływają na zdolność pamięci do transformacji. Skoncentrowano uwagę na sytuacji medialnej pamięci autobiografi cznej w strukturze dyskursu pamiętnikarskiego, wskazano na jej zdolność identyfi kacji autora — nadawcy wypowiedzi. Przedstawiono niezbędne dla wielostronnego rozumienia achanizmów pamięci autobiografi cznej funkcje intersubiektywną, intrasubiektywną oraz egzystencjalną, wyodrębniono markery językowe, które biorą aktywny udział w dyskursie pamiętnikarskim. Dyskurs pamiętnikarski omówiono jako szczególny rodzaj dialogu pamiętnikarza z samym sobą, z umownym nadawcą-odbiorcą, epoką, przyszłością.
Spectral ray data for optical simulations
Authors: Rotscholl Ingo , Trampert Klaus , Schmidt Franz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper summarizes selected approaches, to generate spectral ray data for different types of spectrally varying light sources including only angular variable as well as spatial and angular variable sources. This includes a description of their general ideas and applications, the required measurements, and their mathematical concepts. Finally, achieved results for an Red/Green/Blue/White-light emitting diode (RGBW-LED) system are shown. Ray tracing simulations of a spatially and angularly spectral varying LED system combined with a spectrally sensitive optical system are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a colorimetric far-field measurement of the same system. The results demonstrate the potential and benefits of spectral ray files in general.