bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the phenology of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, for sustainable pest management in Swiss apple orchards
Authors: Graf B. , Höhn H. , Höpli H.U. , Kuske S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe effects of temperature on post‐diapause development, female lifespan, and reproduction of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were studied under controlled conditions to determine the respective parameters for a temperature‐driven phenology model. Lower thermal thresholds of 10.0 and 9.7 °C and thermal constants of 417.2 and 427.7 degree days were established for post‐diapause development of females and males, respectively. Female lifespan was found to be 202.6 degree days on average, with a lower thermal threshold of 11.2 °C. Total fecundity was highest at 27.7 °C with an average of 241.9 eggs per female. Literature data were used to quantify the lower thermal thresholds and the thermal constants for eggs, larvae, and pupae. For validation, the model was run with weather data from 13 consecutive years and the output was compared with pheromone trap catches from 39 to 63 different orchards, depending on the year. The model proved to be a reliable and useful tool to forecast codling moth phenology under Swiss conditions not only for a whole growing season but also during several years with very variable weather conditions. Hence, it can be used to support apple growers in pest management decisions on the one hand and to predict changes in codling moth phenology with respect to climate change on the other.
Mental health service use decision‐making among young adults at clinical high risk for developing psychosis
Authors: Ben‐David Shelly , Cole Andrea , Brucato Gary , Girgis Ragy R. , Munson Michelle R. 
Published: August 2018

AimResearch has shown that young adults at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis have the capability to recognize that they have a problem and initiate mental health services, yet there is a paucity of theoretically based research examining this decision‐making process. This is critical to study because there are high rates of underutilization of mental health services among these young people. The following study explored the decision‐making process among young adults at CHR in order to understand mental health services utilization at a CHR clinic.MethodsSemi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 30 young adults at CHR between the ages of 18 and 30, from an Eastern city in the United States. The study applied the unified theory of behaviour (UTB), a decision‐making framework for health behaviour, to examine service use. Content analysis with multiple coders was used.ResultsThe most salient constructs discussed when participants envisioned seeking services at the clinic included attitudes or beliefs about help‐seeking, social image beliefs and emotional reactions towards seeking services. Differences in UTB responses emerged depending on whether participants were engaged in clinical services and research at the time of the interview or just taking part in research follow‐ups.ConclusionWhen designing future interventions to increase service utilization among young adults at CHR, programs can address health beliefs such as how services at the clinic can improve symptoms, stigma and difficult emotions such as fear and shame about seeking services, and particularly among young people who are more ambivalent about seeking clinical services.
A microcalorimetric approach for investigating stoichiometric constraints on the standard metabolic rate of a small invertebrate
Authors: Ruiz Thomas , Bec Alexandre , Danger Michael , Koussoroplis Apostolos‐Manuel , Aguer Jean‐Pierre , Morel Jean‐Pierre , Morel‐Desrosiers Nicole 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the determinants of metabolism is a core ecological topic since it permits to link individual energetic requirements to the ecology of communities and ecosystems. Yet, besides temperature, metabolic responses to environmental factors remain poorly understood. For example, it is commonly assumed that dietary stoichiometric constraints increase metabolism of small invertebrates despite scarce experimental support. Here, we used microcalorimetric measurements to determine the standard metabolic rate (SMR) of Daphnia magna fed stoichiometrically balanced (C/P: 166) or imbalanced (C/P: 1439). Daphnids fed imbalanced maintained their stoichiometric homeostasis within narrow boundaries. However, they consistently increased their SMR while decreasing their growth rate. Our measurements demonstrate that homeostatic regulation implies higher metabolic costs, thereby reducing available energy for growth. We demonstrate that microcalorimetry is a powerful and precise tool for measuring small‐sized organisms’ metabolic rate, thus opening promising perspectives for understanding how environmental factors, such as nutritional constraints, affect organismal metabolism.
Mechanisms of status epilepticus: α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor hypothesis
Authors: Joshi Suchitra , Kapur Jaideep 
Published: August 2018

SummaryProlonged seizures of status epilepticus (SE) result from failure of mechanisms of seizure termination or activation of mechanisms that sustain seizures. Reduced γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor–mediated synaptic transmission contributes to impairment of seizure termination. However, mechanisms that sustain prolonged seizures are not known. We propose that insertion of GluA1 subunits at the glutamatergic synapses causes potentiation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic receptor (AMPAR)‐mediated neurotransmission, which helps to spread and sustain seizures. The AMPAR‐mediated neurotransmission of CA1 pyramidal neurons was increased in animals in SE induced by pilocarpine. The surface membrane expression of GluA1 subunit–containing AMPARs on CA1 pyramidal neurons was also increased. Blockade of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors 10 minutes after the onset of continuous electrographic seizure activity prevented the increase in the surface expression of GluA1 subunits. N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist MK‐801 in conjunction with diazepam also terminated seizures that were refractory to MK‐801 or diazepam alone. Future studies using mice lacking the GluA1 subunit expression will provide further insights into the role of GluA1 subunit–containing AMPAR plasticity in sustaining seizures of SE.
SENSE registry for status epilepticus
Authors: Kellinghaus Christoph , Rossetti Andrea O. , Trinka Eugen , Lang Nicolas , Unterberger Iris , Rüegg Stephan , Tilz Christian , Uzelac Zeljko , Rosenow Felix 
Published: August 2018

SummaryEvidence is scarce regarding the treatment of status epilepticus (SE). Only a few large randomized controlled trials have been published. Therefore, we set up a multicenter registry to prospectively document treatment practice in several different large hospitals in German‐speaking countries. Over a period of more than 4 years, we were able to document 1179 episodes of 1049 patients who were treated for SE in 1 of the 8 participating centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Median age was 70 years. The most frequent etiology was remote (32%), followed by acute (31%), or a mixture of acute and remote factors (10%). Semiology was generalized convulsive in 44%, focal motor in 27%, and nonconvulsive in 30%. Only a few patients did not have relevant comorbidities. Median latency between SE onset and first treatment was 1 hour (median). Three hundred ninety‐three (32%) of the patients were treated within 30 minutes after onset. The first treatment step consisted of benzodiazepines in more than 80%, and in levetiracetam in 15%. Five hundred eleven patients (49%) were refractory (defined as ongoing SE after application of benzodiazepine and 1 intravenous anticonvulsant). Further analysis of these registry data may be important for hypothesis generation and trial design for treatment of status epilepticus.
Analysing the water and greenhouse gas effects of soya bean‐based biodiesel in five different regions
Authors: Knoope Marlinde M. J. , Balzer Christoph H. , Worrell Ernst 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBioenergy may have significant lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensities compared to fossil alternatives, but concerns are raised that bioenergy would contribute to additional water scarcity. Therefore, the GHG intensity, water intensity and water‐related risks are analysed simultaneously for conventional diesel and soya bean‐based biodiesel from Argentina, Brazil, Unites States (U.S.), Thailand and Iran on a life cycle basis. The water‐related risks are estimated with a water scarcity—consumption matrix, which was recently developed. Results show that a significant share (9%‐38%) of the GHG emissions in all biodiesel cases is caused by soil N2O emissions. In addition, the ranges in water consumption intensity for soya bean‐based biodiesel are considerably larger than for fossil fuels. However, whether this leads to high water‐related risks depends on the local water scarcity. Soya bean‐based biodiesel from Argentina has low water‐related risks to all nodes of the supply chain due to low local water stress combined with a low direct water consumption intensity (20 L/GJfuel). In addition, high GHG emission reduction (71%) and a low‐specific eutrophication potential (0.04 kg PO43−/GJfuel) are achieved. The indirect water consumption intensity is estimated at 120–420 L/GJ for soya bean‐based biodiesel, which is significant if the soya beans are rainfed, like in Argentina and Brazil. If irrigation is required, indirect water consumption is dwarfed by irrigation water. Overall, it is concluded that soya bean‐based biodiesel can have significant lower GHG emission intensity than fossil diesel, without causing additional water stress in the supply chain if they are produced in water abundant areas and good agricultural practices are used. The used method shows disaggregated water‐related risks for the different nodes of the supply chain to acknowledge the regional nature of water scarcity and enables decision makers to identify “hot spots” and take targeted actions.
Traits of lizards of the world: Variation around a successful evolutionary design
Authors: Meiri Shai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMotivationover the last 12 years I have been collecting trait and geographic data on lizards. These data could be useful for scientists studying this remarkable reptilian radiation. Furthermore, as published data for some of the less well known species are scarce, I hope this study can initiate a community effort to fill in data gaps. I present geographical, morphological, ecological, physiological and life history data for the 6,657 known species of lizards. I further indicate whether there are phylogenetic data associated with them, and their threat assessment, if they have one. I present descriptive statistics regarding these traits and point to avenues for future research using the dataset.Main types of variable containedbody size, ecological, thermal biology, geographic, phylogenetic and life history data.Spatial locationGlobal.Time perioddata are for species known from living, or recently extinct species. Most underlying data were collected during the 20th and 21st centuries.Major taxaReptilia, Sauria (Squamata, including Amphisbaenia but excluding Serpentes).Level of measurementspecies.Software formatcsv.
Robustness of relative diversity metrics to inventory incompleteness: Could we estimate the near imponderable?
Authors: Azovsky Andrey I. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimRelative diversity metrics (RDMs), such as local : global or regional : global diversity ratios and percentage of endemics, are widely applied in biodiversity studies. This approach, however, is flawed because the real global diversity of many taxa is still largely unknown, especially for rare species. This potential inconsistency of RDMs has not been proved (or disproved) thus far. Here, I use simulation models to explore the efficiency of RDM estimations from incomplete inventories.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsThree simple models of species distribution were used: (a) the “everything is everywhere” model (unlimited dispersal, i.e., equal probability for a species to occur at every point); (b) the “environmental selection” model (each species can occupy only a portion of randomly distributed “suitable localities” according to its ecological preferences); and (c) the “endemicity” model (most species are restricted to a few regions each). To parameterize these models, the world‐wide datasets on ciliates, flagellates and harpacticoid copepods were used. The RDMs were estimated by simulating equal‐effort sampling and by varying the full number of species and number of sampled individuals per cell.ResultsEstimated species richness at any scale was heavily influenced by the sampling effort and was greatly underestimated with small sample sizes. The estimated RDM values also depended on the sampling effort (being either upward or downward biased) but were only slightly influenced by the unrecorded part of real global diversity (ignorance). The predictions of the first two models were generally close to each other but differed noticeably from those of the third model.Main conclusionsThe relative metrics, albeit influenced by undersampling, are nevertheless more robust to inventory incompleteness than absolute measures and can therefore be a reliable tool in comparative biodiversity studies, even if the true number of species cannot be estimated overall. Their estimated values, however, must be interpreted with caution.
Community‐dwelling older men with dementia are at high risk of hip fracture, but not any other fracture: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project
Authors: Hsu Benjumin , Bleicher Kerrin , Waite Louise M , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona M , Handelsman David J , Le Couteur David G , Seibel Markus J , Cumming Robert G 
Published: August 2018

AimThe aim of the present longitudinal study of community‐dwelling older men was to examine the association between cognitive status at baseline, and falls, fractures and bone loss over time.MethodsIn the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project, 1705 community‐dwelling men aged 70–97 years had detailed baseline clinical assessment of cognitive status (dementia, mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and normal cognition), as well as depression, physical activity, neuromuscular function, health status, sociodemographics, comorbidities, medication use and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels. During a mean follow‐up period of 6 years, participants were contacted 4‐monthly to ascertain incident falls and fractures, the latter being confirmed by radiographic reports. Bone mineral density was measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry at multiple time‐points.ResultsAt baseline, 120 men were assessed to have MCI and 93 men to have dementia. Over time, there were 162 first incident fractures, including 43 hip and 32 vertebral fractures. In univariate models, baseline dementia, but not MCI, predicted an increased incidence of hip fracture (HR 6.95, 95% CI 3.47–13.96), but not vertebral (HR 2.26, 95% CI 0.79–6.46) or non‐hip non‐vertebral fracture (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.27–1.99). The strong risk of hip fractures associated with dementia remained after accounting for potential confounders (HR 4.44, 95% CI 1.97–9.98). In multivariate analyses, dementia (incidence rate ratio 2.26, 95% CI 1.70–2.99), but not MCI, was associated with an increased risk of falls compared with normal cognition. There was no association between baseline dementia and change in bone mineral density.ConclusionsOlder men with dementia, but not MCI, have a greater tendency to fall and sustain hip fractures, but not any other types of fractures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1479–1484.
Development of a novel conditional knockdown mouse based on YB‐1 protein degradation
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Ozawa Masaaki , Miyamoto‐Sato Etsuko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo clarify the pathogenic mechanism of disease and establish effective therapies, animal disease models that can be dynamically analyzed are urgently required. Knockout mouse models and conditional genetically engineered mouse models were developed to analyze genes and proteins involved in disease. However, these methods have drawbacks, including embryonic lethality, side effects and low efficiency. To address this issue, we created a novel transgenic mouse model in which the YB1 gene was fused with a destabilizing domain (DD), named the YB1‐DD mouse. YB‐1 is widely expressed throughout development and has been implicated as a cell survival factor. Newly synthesized DD proteins are degraded through the proteasome pathway, but their degradation can be blocked with trimethoprim (TMP). In this study, we established a novel conditional knockdown mouse model that enables targeting of protein degradation directly; this model resulted in dose‐dependent regulation of the target protein YB‐1 by the ligand TMP in YB1 heterozygous mice. Since this conditional knockdown mouse model appears to be functional, it has potential as a useful disease model based on direct protein degradation control.
Measuring therapeutic relationship in the care of patients with haemophilia: A scoping review
Authors: McCabe Erin , Miciak Maxi , Dennett Liz , Manns Patricia , Guptill Christine , Hall Jeremy , Gross Douglas P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a scoping review of the tools used to measure therapeutic relationship in patients with haemophilia.BackgroundHaemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of a clotting factor in the blood. Therapeutic relationship is foundational to the management of patients with chronic diseases like haemophilia. A reliable and valid measurement tool for assessing therapeutic relationship is needed to evaluate the quality of care received by these patients, and to rigorously study the association between therapeutic relationship and the outcomes of treatment.MethodsWe adopted the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping studies. The following electronic databases were searched for studies that measured a construct related to therapeutic relationships in haemophilia care: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus. We inventoried these studies, identified the measurement tools used, and described each tool by purpose, content, measurement properties and target population. We identified gaps in the current evidence and directions for future research.ResultsThere were 253 unique records retrieved in the search, and twenty studies were deemed relevant. Ten measurement tools were identified. None of the tools measured therapeutic relationship as a single entity; however, six tools measured constructs considered part of patient‐provider relationship (eg trust, communication, working alliance). There has been little validation testing of these tools in haemophilia patient populations.ConclusionsThere is a need for a validated tool for measuring therapeutic relationship in the care of patients with haemophilia. This review provides a foundation for future research in this area.
Diagnostic performance of clinical characteristics to detect airflow limitation in people living with HIV and in uninfected controls
Authors: Ronit A , Benfield T , Mocroft A , Gerstoft J , Nordestgaard BG , Vestbo J , Nielsen SD ,   the Copenhagen Co‐morbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study Group
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is underdiagnosed in the general population and possibly also in people living with HIV (PLWH). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of symptoms and risk factors for assessment of airflow limitation in PLWH and in uninfected controls.MethodsSpirometry was performed in the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study and Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS), and airflow limitation was defined by forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity < lower limit of normal. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and area under the curve (AUC) of symptoms and risk factors for assessment of airflow limitation in PLWH and uninfected controls.ResultsA total of 1083 PLWH and 12 074 uninfected controls were included in the study. The sensitivity for sputum, chronic cough, breathlessness, wheezing, current and cumulative smoking and self‐reported COPD was higher, but the specificity lower, in PLWH than in uninfected controls. The negative and positive predictive values were largely similar between the groups. The AUCs were similar or slightly higher in PLWH and highest for > 20 pack‐years smoked [0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.72] and wheezing (0.64; 95% CI 0.57–0.71). A summed score for five variables was associated with slightly higher AUC in PLWH compared with uninfected controls [0.71 (95% CI 0.63–0.79) versus 0.65 (95% CI 0.63–0.68), respectively; P = 0.06].ConclusionsClinical variables were relatively poor discriminators of airflow limitation in PLWH and uninfected controls. Active COPD case finding by screening for symptoms and relevant exposures, as recommended in the general population, is likely to yield similar diagnostic power in PLWH.
Effect of process parameters on the microstructure and property of hydroxyapatite precursor powders and resultant sintered bodies
Authors: Liu Dan , Wu Yonghao , Wu Hongfeng , Li Xiangfeng , Yang Xiao , Zhu Xiangdong , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic could have better potential in biomedical application due to its high bioactivity and mechanical strength. This study aimed at investigating on the relationship between the starting HA powders and resultant HA ceramics. The synthesized HA crystals using chemical precipitation showed different morphology, size, and crystallinity under different reaction temperature and aging time. The spray‐dried HA powders from the different HA slurries synthesized at 40, 60, and 80°C had spherical shapes and similar particles size but different specific surface area (SSA). Lower synthesizing temperature resulted in lower crystallinity and need‐like shape of the HA crystals, and thus higher SSA of the spray‐dried HA powders. After cold isostatic pressing of the HA powders, the HA green compacts were sintered at 1000, 1050, and 1150°C, respectively, and they presented different sinterability, compactness, and mechanical strength, which were tightly dependent on the starting HA powders. As compared to 80°C synthesized powders, 40 and 60°C synthesized powders exhibited better sinterability due to the lower crystallinity and higher SSA, leading to the relatively high compactness and mechanical strength, but small grain size below 100 nm of the resultant HA ceramics even at low sintering temperature of 1050°C.