bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep-related symptoms of midlife women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Yang You Lee , Liu Jianghong , Chee Wonshik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and sleep-related symptoms among midlife women from four major racial/ethnic groups in the United States.

Methods:
The data from 164 participants of two larger Internet survey studies (62 women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 102 women without diabetes) were included. In the original studies, multiple instruments including the questions on background characteristics, health status, and menopause status and the Sleep Index for Midlife Women were used. The data were analyzed using χ2 tests, independent t tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses.

Results:
The mean total number of sleep-related symptoms was significantly higher in those with type 2 diabetes (9.95 ± 5.83) than those without diabetes (7.25 ± 6.08) (t = 2.81, P = 0.006). The mean total severity score of sleep-related symptoms was also significantly higher in those with type 2 diabetes (33.42 ± 22.41) than those without diabetes (21.87 ± 21.40) (t = 3.29, P = 0.001). Among postmenopausal women and Asian women, there were significant differences in total numbers and total severity scores between those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes (all P < 0.05). When background characteristics, health status, and menopause status were controlled, having a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with total numbers (β=0.143, P = 0.047) and total severity scores (β=0.176, P = 0.014) of sleep-related symptoms.

Conclusions:
This secondary analysis supported significant associations of type 2 diabetes to sleep-related symptoms of midlife women from four major racial/ethnic groups in the United States.
Injectable Tissue Replacement and Regeneration: Anatomic Fat Grafting to Restore Decayed Facial Tissues
Authors: Cohen Steven R. , Womack Hayley 
Published: August 2019

Summary:
Aging is a dynamic process that can be modeled and understood tissue by tissue and cell by cell. Numerous authors have helped us understand the anatomy of facial fat compartments and the effects of aging on our facial tissues such as skin, fat, bone and fibrous ligaments. Injectable tissue replacement and regeneration (ITR2) is a method to replace decayed tissues of the face using “like tissues” in an effort to delay or slow the rate of tissue decay seen in facial aging. Facial topography and proportion analysis are performed to diagnose individual-specific losses of facial fat. The degree of sun damage and skin thinning is noted as is the degree of loss in the superficial fat compartment. Deep compartment fat loss is evaluated as is pyriform aperture, orbital, mandibular ramus, mandibular body, and chin resorption. From this analysis, a detailed treatment plan is formulated. Using a mechanical device, 3 different fat grafts are created: 2 mm (millifat), 1 mm (microfat), and 500 microns (cell optimized, matrix rich nanofat); anatomic replacement of all areas of tissue loss is carried out. Millifat is used for deep compartment and bone losses, microfat for superficial fat losses above the facial musculature and nanofat is used intradermally and as a biological cream for topical application. The rationale behind this standardized approach is explained and the scientific foundations for the idea are presented. Reduction in tissue decay appears to be a valid observation, but awaits others confirmation.
Dynamic functional connectivity of the migraine brain: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Lee Mi Ji , Park Bo-Yong , Cho Soohyun , Park Hyunjin , Kim Sung-Tae , Chung Chin-Sang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Migraine headache is an episodic phenomenon, and patients with episodic migraine have ictal (headache), peri-ictal (premonitory, aura, and postdrome), and interictal (asymptomatic) phases. We aimed to find the functional characteristics of the migraine brain regardless of headache phase using dynamic functional connectivity analysis. We prospectively recruited 50 patients with migraine and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. All subjects underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Significant networks were defined in a data-driven fashion from the interictal (>48 hours apart from headache phases) patients and matched controls (interictal data set) and tested to ictal or peri-ictal patients and controls (ictal/peri-ictal data set). Both static and dynamic analyses were used for the between-group comparison. A false discovery rate correction was performed. As a result, the static analysis did not reveal a network which was significant in both interictal and ictal/peri-ictal data sets. Dynamic analysis revealed significant between-group differences in 7 brain networks in the interictal data set, among which a frontoparietal network (controls > patients, P = 0.0467), 2 brainstem networks (patients > controls, P = 0.0467 and <0.001), and a cerebellar network (controls > patients, P = 0.0408 and <0.001 in 2 states) remained significant in the ictal/peri-ictal data set. Using these networks, migraine was classified with a sensitivity of 0.70 and specificity of 0.76 in the ictal/peri-ictal data set. In conclusion, the dynamic connectivity analysis revealed more functional networks related to migraine than the conventional static analysis, suggesting a substantial temporal fluctuation in functional characteristics. Our data also revealed migraine-related networks which show significant difference regardless of headache phases between patients and controls.
Itch sensitization? A systematic review of studies using quantitative sensory testing in patients with chronic itch
Authors: van Laarhoven Antoinette I.M. , Marker Jens B. , Elberling Jesper , Yosipovitch Gil , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Andersen Hjalte H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As well established for patients with chronic pain, patients suffering from chronic itch also exhibit signs of peripheral and central sensitization. This has been linked to parallel neuroplastic sensitization processes. However, for chronic itch, sensitization has not yet been systematically assessed, studied, and hence validated. This review (Prospero CRD42016043002) summarizes and meta-analytically evaluates whether sensory aberrations including sensitization for itch occur in chronic itch. Databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies investigating somatosensory sensitivity assessment by quantitative sensory testing stimuli, including experimental cutaneous chemical pruritic provocations, in patients with chronic itch from skin/neurological conditions and compared with healthy controls. Outcomes were extracted for lesional and nonlesional skin, and risk of biases were assessed. Meta-analyses were performed when sufficient quantitative data were available. Of 4667 identified articles, 46 were included and 25 were eligible for meta-analyses. Patients (66% atopic dermatitis [AD]) were found more sensitive than the controls to histamine-evoked itch in lesional skin (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.66 confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-1.15), but not nonlesionally (SMD: −0.26 [CI: −0.58 to 0.06]). Cowhage did not evoke more itch in nonlesional skin of patients as compared to the controls (SMD: 0.38 [CI: −0.04 to 0.81]). For numerous other chemical provocations as well as for mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimulation paradigms, results were ambiguous or based on few studies. Patients with chronic itch are only robustly sensitized to various chemical pruritic stimuli when applied lesionally. More studies on somatosensory aberrations in chronic itch conditions other than AD are needed to establish whether sensitization is robustly present across chronic itch conditions.
Recurrent low back pain patients demonstrate facilitated pronociceptive mechanisms when in pain, and impaired antinociceptive mechanisms with and without pain
Authors: McPhee Megan E. , Graven-Nielsen Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) has been inconsistently associated with enhanced pronociceptive and impaired antinociceptive mechanisms. It remains unknown whether alterations are causal, consequential, or coincidental to pain presence. This study investigated pronociceptive and antinociceptive mechanisms in recurrent LBP (RLBP) patients across painful and pain-free periods, compared with age/sex-matched asymptomatic controls. During a painful episode (day 0) and when pain-free (day 28), 30 RLBP patients were assessed and compared with 30 controls over the same timeframe. Pressure pain thresholds were recorded bilaterally on the arm, back, and leg. Cuff algometry was used to assess cuff pressure pain detection threshold and cuff pain tolerance threshold on the lower legs, as well as temporal summation of pain (10 repeated painful cuff test stimuli on the dominant leg scored on a visual analogue scale) and conditioned pain modulation ([CPM]: cuff pain detection/tolerance threshold on dominant leg, before vs during painful cuff conditioning on the contralateral leg). Recurrent LBP patients displayed reduced pressure pain thresholds at the arm and back on day 0 compared with day 28 (P < 0.047) and with controls on day 0 (P < 0.049). Cuff pain detection threshold was reduced, and ratings of suprathreshold test stimuli were increased in RLBP patients on day 0 compared with day 28 (P < 0.02). Temporal summation of pain magnitude (increase in visual analogue scale scores) was enhanced in RLBP participants on day 0 compared with day 28 (P = 0.027) and with controls on day 0 (P = 0.039). Conditioned pain modulation magnitude (increased threshold during conditioning) was lower overall in RLBP participants than in controls (P = 0.021). Enhanced pronociceptive mechanisms were observed in RLBP patients. When pain-free, measures returned to similar levels as controls, except for CPM, which remained impaired.
Anti-alarmin approaches entering clinical trials
Authors: Gauvreau Gail M. , White Lucie , Davis Beth E. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
The alarmins, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33, are upstream regulators of T2 (type 2) inflammation and found to be expressed at high levels in airway epithelium of patients with T2 asthma. This review will summarize how alarmins regulate the inflamed asthmatic airways through previously described and newly identified mechanisms.

Recent findings
Alarmins drive allergic and nonallergic asthma through activation of innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2), which are a rich source of cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13, with resulting effects on eosinophilopoeisis and remodelling, respectively. Findings from bronchial allergen challenges have illustrated widespread expression of alarmins and their receptors across many effector cells in airways, and recent studies have emphasized alarmin regulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils, and their progenitors. Furthermore, a link between alarmins and lipid mediators is being uncovered.

Summary
Alarmins can drive well defined inflammatory pathways through activation of dendritic cells and polarizing T cells to produce type 2 cytokines, as well as they can directly activate many other effector cells that play a central role in allergic and nonallergic asthma. Clinical trials support a central role for TSLP in driving airway inflammation and asthma exacerbations, while ongoing trials blocking IL-33 and IL-25 will help to define their respective role in asthma.
Brief Report: High Programmatic Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) Use in Pregnancy Among HIV-Infected Women
Authors: LaCourse Sylvia M. , Wagner Anjuli D. , Cranmer Lisa M. , Copeland Audrey , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth , Richardson Barbra A. , Matemo Daniel , Kinuthia John , John-Stewart Grace 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) to prevent tuberculosis (TB), including pregnant women. Recent trial results suggest increased adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with IPT during pregnancy. Data are limited regarding programmatic IPT use in pregnant PLHIV.

Methods:
We assessed previous programmatic IPT during pregnancy among HIV-infected mothers on enrollment to an infant TB prevention trial in Kenya. Pregnancy IPT use was assessed by the estimated conception date assuming 38 weeks of gestation. Correlates of initiation and completion were analyzed by relative risk regression, using generalized linear models with log link and Poisson family adjusted for IPT initiation year.

Results:
Between August 15, 2016, to June 6, 2018, 300 HIV-infected women enrolled at 6 weeks postpartum. Two hundred twenty-four (74.7%) women reported previous IPT, of whom 155/224 (69.2%) had any pregnancy IPT use. Forty-five (29.0%) initiated preconception extending into early pregnancy, 41 (26.5%) initiated and completed during pregnancy, and 69 (44.5%) initiated in pregnancy and extended into early postpartum. The median gestational age at IPT pregnancy initiation was 15.1 weeks (interquartile range 8.3–28.4). Pregnancy/early postpartum IPT initiation was associated with new pregnancy HIV diagnosis [adjusted relative risk 1.9 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6 to 2.2, P < 0.001]. Six-month IPT completion rates were high [147/160 (91.9%)] among women with sufficient time to complete before trial enrollment and similar among preconception or during pregnancy initiators [adjusted relative risk 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.83 to 1.04, P = 0.19)].

Conclusions:
Programmatic IPT use was high in pregnant PLHIV, with frequent periconception and early pregnancy initiation. Programmatic surveillance could provide further insights on pregnancy IPT implementation and maternal and infant safety outcomes.
Efficacy of a spatial repellent for control of malaria in Indonesia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Syafruddin Din , Asih Puji BS , Rozi Ismail Ekoprayitno , Permana Dendi Hadi , Hidayati Anggi Puspa Nur , Syahrani Lepa , Zubaidah Siti , Sidik Dian , Bangs Michael J. , Bøgh Claus , Liu Fang , Eugenio Evercita C. , Hendrickson Jared , Burton Timothy , Baird J. Kevin , Collins Frank , Grieco John P. , Lobo Neil F. , Achee Nicole L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA cluster randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to estimate protective efficacy of a spatial repellent against malaria infection at Sumba, Indonesia. Following radical cure in 1,341 children aged ≥ 6 months - ≤5 years in 24 clusters, households were given transfluthrin or placebo passive emanators (devices designed to release vaporized chemical). Monthly blood screening and biweekly human-landing mosquito catches were performed during 10-months baseline (June 2015 to March 2016) and a 24-month intervention period (April 2016 to April 2018). Screening detected 164 first-time infections and an accumulative total of 459 infections in 667 subjects in placebo-control households; and 134 first-time and 253 accumulative total infections among 665 subjects in active intervention households. The 24-cluster protective effect of 27.7% and 31.3%, for time to first-event and overall (total new) infections, respectively, was not statistically significant. Purportedly, this was due in part to zero to low incidence in some clusters, undermining the ability to detect a protective effect. Subgroup analysis of 19 clusters where at least one infection occurred during baseline showed 33.3% (p-value = 0.083) and 40.9% (p-value = 0.0236, statistically significant at the 1-sided 5% significance level) protective effect to first-infection and overall infections, respectively. Among 12 moderate-to high-risk clusters, a statistically significant decrease on infection by intervention was detected (60% protective efficacy). Primary entomological analysis of impact was inconclusive. While this study suggests spatial repellents prevent malaria, additional evidence is required to demonstrate the product class provides an operationally feasible and effective means of reducing malaria transmission.
Prospective Trial Registration and Publication Rates of Randomized Clinical Trials in Digital Health: A Cross Sectional Analysis of Global Trial Registries
Authors: Al-Durra Mustafa , Nolan Robert P. , Seto Emily , Cafazzo Joseph A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegistration of clinical trials was introduced to mitigate the risk of publication and selective reporting bias in the realm of clinical research. The prevalence of publication and selective reporting bias in trial results has been evidenced through scientific research. This bias may compromise the ethical and methodological conduct in the design, implementation and dissemination of evidence-based healthcare interventions. Principal investigators of digital health trials may be overwhelmed with challenges that are unique to digital health research, such as the usability of the intervention under test, participant recruitment, and retention challenges that may contribute to non-publication rate and prospective trial registration. Our primary research objective was to examine the prevalence of prospective registration and publication rates in digital health trials. We included 417 trials that enrolled participants in 2012 and were registered in any of the seventeen WHO registries. The prospective registration and publication rates were at (38.4%) and (65.5%) respectively. We identified a statistically significant (P<.001) “Selective Registration Bias” with 95.7% of trials published within a year after registration, were registered retrospectively. We reported a statistically significant relationship (P=.003) between prospective registration and funding sources, with industry-funded trials having the lowest compliance with prospective registration at (14.3%). The lowest non-publication rates were in the Middle East (26.7%) and Europe (28%), and the highest were in Asia (56.5%) and the U.S. (42.5%). We found statistically significant differences (P<.001) between trial location and funding sources with the highest percentage of industry funded trials in Asia (17.3%) and the U.S. (3.3%).
Accuracy of Medical Billing Data Against the Electronic Health Record in the Measurement of Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates
Authors: Rudrapatna Vivek A. , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Avila Patrick , Harding-Theobald Emily , Wang Connie , J. Butte Atul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveAdministrative healthcare data are an attractive source of secondary analysis because of their potential to answer population-health questions. Although these datasets have known susceptibilities to biases, the degree to which they can distort measurements like cancer screening rates are not widely appreciated, nor are their causes and possible solutions.MethodsUsing a billing code database derived from our institution’s electronic health records (EHR), we estimated the colorectal cancer screening rate of average-risk patients aged 50-74 seen in primary care or gastroenterology clinic in 2016-2017. 200 records (150 unscreened, 50 screened) were sampled to quantify the accuracy against manual review.ResultsOut of 4,611 patients, an analysis of billing data suggested a 61% screening rate. Manual review revealed a positive predictive value of 96% (86-100%), negative predictive value of 21% (15-29%), and a corrected screening rate of 85% (81-90%). Most false negatives occurred due to exams performed outside the scope of the database – both within and outside of our institution – but 21% of false negatives fell within the database’s scope. False positives occurred due to incomplete exams and inadequate bowel preparation. Reasons for screening failure include ordered but incomplete exams (48%), lack of or incorrect documentation by primary care (29%) including incorrect screening intervals (13%), and patients declining screening (13%).ConclusionsAlthough analytics on administrative data are commonly ‘validated’ by comparison to independent datasets, comparing our naïve estimate to the CDC estimate (∼60%) would have been misleading. Therefore, regular data audits using the complete EHR are critical to improve screening rates and measure improvement.Study HighlightsWHAT IS KNOWNMedical billing data might be useful for measuring colon cancer screening rates but are bias-prone and difficult to validateThe degree to which these biases may skew the results of simple population-level analytics is not widely appreciated, nor are their causes and possible solutions.WHAT IS NEW HEREBilling data from the health record does not accurately capture unscreened patients. Some reasons were predictable (screening outside the system or prior to software implementation) but others were not.The common practice of external validation would have been falsely reassuring for these data. The naïve estimate of screening rates matches the CDC estimate (61%); the true rate was 85%.Periodic data audits using the full EHR is critical to continue to improve screening rates and monitor improvements accurately and at scale.
Generalisability of Results from UK Biobank: Comparison With a Pooling of 18 Cohort Studies
Authors: Batty G. David , Gale Catharine R. , Kivimäki Mika , Deary Ian J. , Bell Steven 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe UK Biobank cohort study has become a much-utilised and influential scientific resource. With a primary goal of understanding disease aetiology, the low response to the original survey of 5.5% has, however, led to debate as to the generalisability of these findings. We therefore compared risk factor–disease estimations in UK Biobank with those from 18 nationally representative studies with conventional response rates.MethodsWe used individual-level baseline data from UK Biobank (N=502,655) and a pooling of data from the Health Surveys for England (HSE) and the Scottish Health Surveys (SHS), comprising 18 studies and 89,895 individuals (mean response rate 68%). Both study populations were aged 40-69 years at study induction and linked to national cause-specific mortality registries.FindingsDespite a typically more favourable risk factor profile and lower mortality rates in UK Biobank participants relative to the HSE-SHS consortium, risk factors–endpoints associations were directionally consistent between studies, albeit with some heterogeneity in magnitude. For instance, for cardiovascular disease mortality, the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for ever having smoked cigarettes (versus never) was 2.04 (1.87, 2.24) in UK Biobank and 1.99 (1.78, 2.23) in HSE-SHS, yielding a ratio of hazard ratios close to unity (1.02, 0.88, 1.19; p-value 0.76). For hypertension (versus none), corresponding results were again in same direction but with a lower effect size in UK Biobank (1.89; 1.69, 2.11) than in HSE-SHS (2.56; 2.20, 2.98), producing a ratio of hazard ratios below unity (0.74; 0.62, 0.89; p-value 0.001). A similar pattern of observations were made for risk factors (smoking, obesity, educational attainment, and physical stature) in relation to different cancer presentations and suicide whereby the ratios of hazard ratios ranged from 0.57 (0.40, 0.81) and 1.07 (0.42, 2.74).InterpretationDespite a low response rate, aetiological findings from UK Biobank appear to be generalisable to England and Scotland.