bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic and brain-expressed gene sets relate to the shared genetic risk across five psychiatric disorders
Authors: Hammerschlag Anke R. , de Leeuw Christiaan A. , Middeldorp Christel M. , Polderman Tinca J. C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence shows genetic overlap between multiple psychiatric disorders. However, the biological underpinnings of shared risk for psychiatric disorders are not yet fully uncovered. The identification of underlying biological mechanisms is crucial for the progress in the treatment of these disorders.MethodsWe applied gene-set analysis including 7372 gene sets, and 53 tissue-type specific gene-expression profiles to identify sets of genes that are involved in the etiology of multiple psychiatric disorders. We included genome-wide meta-association data of the five psychiatric disorders schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The total dataset contained 159 219 cases and 262 481 controls.ResultsWe identified 19 gene sets that were significantly associated with the five psychiatric disorders combined, of which we excluded five sets because their associations were likely driven by schizophrenia only. Conditional analyses showed independent effects of several gene sets that in particular relate to the synapse. In addition, we found independent effects of gene expression levels in the cerebellum and frontal cortex.ConclusionsWe obtained novel evidence for shared biological mechanisms that act across psychiatric disorders and we showed that several gene sets that have been related to individual disorders play a role in a broader range of psychiatric disorders.
Perceptions de pères vivant avec un fils ou une fille adulte ayant une déficience intellectuelle sur la transition de l’après-parents
Authors: Faubert Zoé , Goupil Georgette 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWith the increase in life expectancy, many people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are living in the family home with their parents. This research focuses on the experience of 17 fathers of adults with ID. These fathers answered a questionnaire including open and closed questions. During the individual interview, fathers described their motivations to cohabit with their son or daughter, cohabitation benefits and constraints, housing options considered and planning for the future. Results indicate that fathers chose this cohabitation. However, they experience anxiety because they do not know who will support the adult with ID when they can no longer do so. Postparental planning considerations include legal concerns and informal discussions with siblings or the extended family. These results describe a complex parental situation in which there is interaction between their emotions, their attachment to the adult with ID and their previous experiences with residential, social or rehabilitation services.
Are there missed opportunities for vaccinating against hepatitis B among people who inject drugs in the UK?
Authors: Njoroge J. , Hope V.D. , O'Halloran C. , Edmundson C. , Glass R , Parry J.V. , Ncube F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sustaining the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination on incidence and prevalence of HBV infection requires increasing and maintaining the uptake of vaccine among those at risk. In recent years, the level of vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the UK has levelled-off. Data (2015–2016) from the national unlinked-anonymous monitoring survey of PWID, an annual survey that collects data from PWID across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, were used to examine HBV vaccine uptake. Data from participants who had injected drugs during the previous year were used to investigate sources of hepatitis B vaccine doses as well as factors associated with vaccine uptake. Among the 3175 anti-HBc-negative participants, 3138 (99%) reported their vaccination status; 23% (714) reported no vaccine uptake. Among those not vaccinated, 447 (63%) reported being sexually active and 116 (16%) reported sharing needles and syringes. Majority of those not vaccinated reported accessing services in the previous year that could have provided hepatitis B vaccine doses. These missed opportunities for vaccinating of PWID indicate a need for additional targeted interventions.
An assessment of the Tagula HoneyeaterMicroptilotis vicina, a Data Deficient bird species in a Melanesian endemic hotspot
Authors: GOULDING WILLIAM , MOSS PATRICK T. , MCALPINE CLIVE A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWe conducted research into the ‘Data Deficient’ and endemic Tagula HoneyeaterMicroptilotis vicinaof the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. This species was only observed on Sudest and Junet Islands. Islands were visited between October and January in the years from 2012–2014 and in 2016. We conducted the first assessment of spatial and habitat use by this species using radio-tracking in 2016. These findings were also used to inform estimates using traditional population density methods. CTMM package in R was used for home-range estimation for the tracked honeyeaters. Our results supported that members of this species display territoriality during the breeding season, occupying a mean of 2.0 ± 0.6 (SE) ha on Junet Island (n= 5). Whether individuals defended defined territories at other times of the year was not known but re-sightings of marked birds confirmed them to be locally resident. Population estimates ranged between 53,000 and 85,000 individuals. However, more conservative estimates nearing 50,000 individuals were considered prudent given lower population densities observed on parts of the larger Sudest Island (0.64/ha). This species utilised the canopy and understorey layers in a range of habitats from mangroves at sea-level, gardens and regrowth of various ages to cloud forest on the highest point of Sudest Island (∼800 m asl). Dietary observations support that like many closely related species, Tagula Honeyeaters have a broad diet of mostly insects supplemented with nectar and fruit. Observations indicated that this species had life history attributes toward the slower end of the spectrum but similar to other congeners. Vocalisations were more diverse in both structure and complexity than those of suspected close relatives the MimicMicroptilotis analogusand GracefulMicroptilotis gracilisHoneyeaters. Morphological measures were similarly different, supporting species level recognition.
Changing expectations mediate adaptation in L2 production
Authors: Montero-Melis Guillermo , Jaeger T. Florian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNative language (L1) processing draws on implicit expectations. An open question is whether non-native learners of a second language (L2) similarly draw on expectations, and whether these expectations are based on learners’ L1 or L2 knowledge. We approach this question by studying inverse preference effects on lexical encoding. L1 and L2 speakers of Spanish described motion events, while they were either primed to express path, manner, or neither. In line with other work, we find that L1 speakers adapted more strongly after primes that are unexpected in their L1. For L2 speakers, adaptation depended on their L2 proficiency: The least proficient speakers exhibited the inverse preference effect on adaptation based on what was unexpected in their L1; but the more proficient speakers were, the more they exhibited inverse preference effects based on what was unexpected in the L2. We discuss implications for L1 transfer and L2 acquisition.
Are We Still Needed? Reflections on the Profession in BIALL's Fiftieth Anniversary Year
Authors: Speight Dunstan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article Dunstan Speight, President of BIALL 2018–2019, provides a short overview of current challenges and opportunities facing the profession. In addition to trends affecting all types of law libraries, the article discusses some of the main issues facing the three main types of information service: academic, law firm and chambers, and professional bodies. The article concludes with a discussion of how core skills and experience are still relevant in the fast-changing world of legal information.
The BIALL Conference 1970 to 2019
Authors: Bowl Catherine , Furlong John , Mosley Caroline 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, the authors, Catherine Bowl, John Furlong and Caroline Mosley look at the direction the Association's Annual Conference has taken over the past 50 years since the first Conference in Liverpool in 1970. The emphasis is on the mid-1990s to the present day, during which period the authors served as Chairs of BIALL's Conference Committee1.
Discerning the Body of Christ: A Retrieval of Thomas Cranmer’s Eucharistic Theology by Way of the Spiritual Senses
Authors: Arcadi James M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThomas Cranmer’s Eucharistic theology has been the source of no small amount of scholarship and dispute. I argue that these disputes are in part due to the fact that Cranmer wavers between describing two distinct realities and that these realities are not necessarily coincidental. There is the reality of the consecrated elements, which he understands figuratively as being the body and blood of Christ. But Cranmer also describes a second reality, which is the direct connection between the soul of the recipient and the actual body and blood of Christ. I highlight the latter reality by recourse to recent work on the notion of the spiritual senses in the Christian theological tradition.
Women's Substantive Representation in Decline: The Case of Democratic Failure in Hungary
Authors: Ilonszki Gabriella , Vajda Adrienn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe substantive representation of women has attracted limited attention in cases in which women are present in politics in small numbers over an extended period of time. This article aims to fill this gap by focusing on two policy episodes in a postcommunist state where female descriptive representation has remained low and static and the regime's democratic backlash can also be observed. The two analytical questions refer to the agency and regime aspects of women's substantive representation under unfavorable conditions. Who is representing women under these conditions, and where and how is their representation taking place? How do the regime's characteristics explain the evolving representation patterns? The article will first argue that the same descriptive representation levels can imply different substantive representation patterns in terms of both actors and space. Second, by reconnecting descriptive representation and substantive representation, the article demonstrates that the decline of a regime's democratic credentials is detrimental to female substantive representation.
Reflections on the development of the Movement and international humanitarian law through the lens of the ICRC Library's Heritage Collection
Authors: Raboud Ismaël , Niederhauser Matthieu , Mohr Charlotte 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Library was first created at the initiative of the ICRC's co-founder and president, Gustave Moynier. By the end of the nineteenth century, it had become a specialized documentation centre with comprehensive collections on the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, international humanitarian law (IHL) and relief to war victims, keeping track of the latest legal debates and technological innovations in the fields related to the ICRC's activities. The publications collected by the Library until the end of the First World War form a rich collection of almost 4,000 documents now known as the ancien fonds, the Library's Heritage Collection.Direct witness to the birth of an international humanitarian movement and of IHL, the Heritage Collection contains the era's most important publications related to the development of humanitarian action for war victims, from the first edition of Henry Dunant's groundbreaking Un souvenir de Solférino to the first mission reports of ICRC delegates and the handwritten minutes of the Diplomatic Conference that led to the adoption of the 1864 Geneva Convention. This article looks at the way this unique collection of documents retraces the history of the ICRC during its first decades of existence and documents its original preoccupations and operations, highlighting the most noteworthy items of the Collection along the way.
Investigating the Fast Response of Precipitation Intensity and Boundary Layer Temperature to Atmospheric Heating Using a Cloud‐Resolving Model
Authors: Chua Xin Rong , Ming Yi , Jeevanjee Nadir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCoarse‐resolution global climate models cannot explicitly resolve the intensity distribution of tropical precipitation and how it responds to a forcing. We use a cloud‐resolving model to study how imposed atmospheric radiative heating (such as that caused by greenhouse gases or absorbing aerosols) may alter precipitation intensity in the setting of radiative‐convective equilibrium. It is found that the decrease in total precipitation is realized through preferentially reducing weak events. The intensity of strong precipitation events is maintained by a cancellation between the moistening of air parcels and weakening of updrafts. A boundary layer energy budget analysis suggests that free‐tropospheric heating raises boundary layer temperatures mainly through a reduction in rain reevaporation. This insight leads to a predictive scaling for the surface sensible and latent flux changes. The results imply that cloud microphysical processes play a key role in shaping the temperature and precipitation responses to atmospheric heating.
THEMIS Observations of Particle Acceleration by a Magnetosheath Jet‐Driven Bow Wave
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Hietala Heli , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Omelchenko Yuri , Roytershteyn Vadim , Vainio Rami 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLocalized magnetosheath jets with high dynamic pressure are frequently observed downstream of Earth's bow shock. When such a fast magnetosheath jet compresses the ambient magnetosheath plasma, an earthward compressional bow wave could form. Such bow waves have been predicted by simulations but have never been observed. Using multipoint Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substroms (THEMIS) observations, we report the first observation where such a bow wave driven by an intrinsically formed magnetosheath jet can reflect and accelerate particles up to tens of kiloelectron volt for ions and 100 keV for electrons. By analyzing the ion distributions, we infer how particles reach the spacecraft from the bow wave demonstrating good agreement with our model of single particle motion. Our study implies that particle acceleration at magnetosheath jets could contribute significantly to particle acceleration at shocks in general.
Quality Control for Crowdsourced Personal Weather Stations to Enable Operational Rainfall Monitoring
Authors: de Vos Lotte Wilhelmina , Leijnse Hidde , Overeem Aart , Uijlenhoet Remko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutomatic personal weather stations owned and maintained by weather enthusiasts provide spatially dense in situ measurements that are often collected and visualized in real time on online weather platforms. While the spatial and temporal resolution of this data source is high, its rainfall observations are prone to typical errors, currently preventing its large‐scale, real‐time application. This study proposes a quality control methodology consisting of four modules targeting these errors, applicable in real time without requiring auxiliary measurements. The quality control improves the overall accuracy of a year of hourly rainfall depths in Amsterdam to a bias of −11.3% (0.2% when a proxy for overall rainfall underestimation by personal weather stations is used), a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82, and a coefficient of variation of 2.70, while maintaining 88% of the original data set. Application on a national scale (average 1 station per ∼10 km2) yields high‐resolution nationwide rainfall maps, hence showing the great potential of personal weather stations for complementing existing often sparse traditional rain gauge networks.
Segmentation of SED by Boundary Flows Associated With Westward Drifting Partial Ring current
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zou Shasha , Coppeans Thomas , Ren Jiaen , Ridley Aaron , Gombosi Tamas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe segmentation mechanism of polar cap patches is agreed to be related to temporal changes of interplanetary magnetic field or transient reconnection. In this letter, using Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model driven by two‐way coupled Block‐Adaptive‐Tree‐Solarwind‐Roe‐Upwind‐Scheme and Rice Convection Model, a new segmentation mechanism is proposed. This mechanism works as follows: A strong boundary flow between the Region 1 and Region 2 field‐aligned currents develops, while a shielding process develops in the inner magnetosphere. As the partial ring current drifts westward, the peak of the boundary flow also moves westward. This strong boundary flow raises the ion temperature through enhanced frictional heating, enhances the chemical recombination reaction rate, and reduces the electron density. When this boundary flow crosses the storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume, the plume will be segmented into patches. No external interplanetary magnetic field variations or transient reconnections are required in this mechanism.
Driving Planetary Period Oscillations From the Hall Conducting Layer of Saturn's Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Smith C. G. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe develop a simple physical model of the planetary period oscillations (PPOs) observed in Saturn's magnetosphere. The model couples together flows and currents in five two‐dimensional systems: an upper and lower atmospheric layer in each hemisphere, and the equatorial magnetosphere. We neglect the curved geometry of the planet and the magnetosphere but use a simple scaling argument to account for the very different sizes of the two systems. We show that it is possible to drive a PPO current system with many of the observed properties by invoking a twin vortex system in the Hall conducting layer of either hemisphere. The twin vortex system is able to generate divergent currents because our model includes a representation of the latitudinal variation of conductance. The large inertia and low Pedersen conductance of this layer of the atmosphere means that the twin vortex system and the PPO currents have a very stable rotation velocity and a very long dissipation timescale, explaining the long term persistence and stability of the PPO current systems. For a range of realistic parameters, part of the PPO current system closes through the equatorial magnetosphere, and part through the opposite hemisphere, as observed. We make predictions about the phase relationships between these closure currents that allow our model to be tested. Although the wind speeds required to produce the observed currents are implausibly large, interaction with enhanced electron density in the auroral regions reduces the necessary wind speeds to plausible values.
Seismotectonics of the Zagros (Iran) From Orogen‐Wide, Calibrated Earthquake Relocations
Authors: Karasözen Ezgi , Nissen Edwin , Bergman Eric A. , Ghods Abdolreza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe use calibrated earthquake relocations to reassess the distribution and kinematics of faulting in the Zagros range, southwestern Iran. This is among the most seismically active fold‐and‐thrust belts globally, but knowledge of its active faulting is hampered by large errors in reported epicenters and controversy over earthquake depths. Mapped coseismic surface faulting is extremely rare, with most seismicity occurring on blind reverse faults buried beneath or within a thick, folded sedimentary cover. Therefore, the distribution of earthquakes provides vital information about the location of active faulting at depth. Using an advanced multievent relocation technique, we relocate ∼2,500 earthquakes across the Zagros mountains spanning the ∼70‐year instrumental record. Relocated events have epicentral uncertainties of 2–5 km; for ∼1,100 of them we also constrain origin time and focal depth, often to better than 5 km. Much of the apparently diffuse catalog seismicity now collapses into discrete trends highlighting major active faults. This reveals several zones of unmapped faulting, including possible conjugate left‐lateral faults in the central Zagros. It also confirms the activity of faults mapped previously on the basis of geomorphology, including oblique (dextral‐normal) faulting in the NW Zagros. We observe a primary difference between the Lurestan arc, where seismicity is focused close to the topographic range front, and the Fars arc, where out‐of‐sequence thrusting is evident over a width of ∼100–200 km. We establish a focal depth range of 4–25 km, confirming earlier suggestions that earthquakes are restricted to the upper crust but nucleate both within and beneath the sedimentary cover.
Effect of the Injection Scenario on the Rate and Magnitude Content of Injection‐Induced Seismicity: Case of a Heterogeneous Fault
Authors: Almakari Michelle , Dublanchet Pierre , Chauris Hervé , Pellet Frédéric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInjection of fluids into underground formations reactivates preexisting faults and modifies the seismic hazard, as demonstrated by the 2011 Mw 5.7 and the 2016 Mw 5.8 earthquakes in Oklahoma. Currently, the effect of injection remains poorly understood. We model the seismicity triggered by a fluid flowing inside a Dietrich‐Ruina heterogeneous 2‐D fault, which can generate irregular sequences of events with magnitudes obeying Gutenberg Richter distribution. We consider a punctual injection scenario where injection pressure increases at a constant rate until a maximum pressure is reached and kept constant. We show that such a fluid injection leads to a sharp increase in the seismicity rate, which correlates with the time series of the pore pressure rate, for a wide range of injection pressure. Increasing the final pressure leads to an increase in the amplitude and the duration of the seismicity rate perturbation but also to a decrease in the frequency of large‐magnitude events. The maximum seismicity rate during the sequence also increases with the injection pressure rate, as long as a pressure‐rate threshold is not exceeded. Beyond it, the effect of increasing the injection rate is to make large‐magnitude earthquakes more frequent. While the total number of induced earthquakes is essentially controlled by the maximum pressure, the total seismic moment liberated increases with both the maximum pressure and the pressure rate. The comparison of our model to Dietrich's (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB02581) model shows the important trade‐off existing between seismicity rate perturbations and magnitude content variations of fluid induced seismicity.