bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating post-processing approaches for monthly and seasonal streamflow forecasts
Authors: Woldemeskel Fitsum , McInerney David , Lerat Julien , Thyer Mark , Kavetski Dmitri , Shin Daehyok , Tuteja Narendra , Kuczera George 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Streamflow forecasting is prone to substantial uncertainty due to
errors in meteorological forecasts, hydrological model structure, and
parameterization, as well as in the observed rainfall and streamflow data
used to calibrate the models. Statistical streamflow post-processing is an
important technique available to improve the probabilistic properties of the
forecasts. This study evaluates post-processing approaches based on three
transformations – logarithmic (Log), log-sinh (Log-Sinh), and Box–Cox with
λ=0.2 (BC0.2) – and identifies the best-performing scheme for
post-processing monthly and seasonal (3-months-ahead) streamflow forecasts,
such as those produced by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Using the
Bureau's operational dynamic streamflow forecasting system, we carry out
comprehensive analysis of the three post-processing schemes across 300
Australian catchments with a wide range of hydro-climatic conditions.
Forecast verification is assessed using reliability and sharpness metrics, as
well as the Continuous Ranked Probability Skill Score (CRPSS). Results show
that the uncorrected forecasts (i.e. without post-processing) are unreliable
at half of the catchments. Post-processing of forecasts substantially
improves reliability, with more than 90 % of forecasts classified as
reliable. In terms of sharpness, the BC0.2 scheme substantially outperforms
the Log and Log-Sinh schemes. Overall, the BC0.2 scheme achieves reliable and
sharper-than-climatology forecasts at a larger number of catchments than the
Log and Log-Sinh schemes. The improvements in forecast reliability and
sharpness achieved using the BC0.2 post-processing scheme will help water
managers and users of the forecasting service make better-informed decisions
in planning and management of water resources. Highlights. Uncorrected and
post-processed streamflow forecasts (using three transformations, namely Log,
Log-Sinh, and BC0.2) are evaluated over 300 diverse Australian catchments.
Post-processing enhances streamflow forecast reliability, increasing the
percentage of catchments with reliable predictions from 50 % to over
90 %. The BC0.2 transformation achieves substantially better forecast
sharpness than the Log-Sinh and Log transformations, particularly in dry
catchments.
Managed aquifer recharge with reverse-osmosis desalinated seawater: modeling the spreading in groundwater using stable water isotopes
Authors: Ganot Yonatan , Holtzman Ran , Weisbrod Noam , Bernstein Anat , Siebner Hagar , Katz Yoram , Kurtzman Daniel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The spreading of reverse-osmosis desalinated seawater (DSW) in the Israeli
coastal aquifer was studied using groundwater modeling and stable water
isotopes as tracers. The DSW produced at the Hadera seawater reverse-osmosis
(SWRO) desalination plant is recharged into the aquifer through an infiltration pond at the managed
aquifer recharge (MAR) site of Menashe, Israel. The distinct difference in isotope composition between DSW
(δ18O = 1.41 ‰;
δ2H = 11.34 ‰) and the natural groundwater
(δ18O = −4.48 ‰ to −5.43 ‰;
δ2H = −18.41 ‰ to −22.68 ‰) makes
the water isotopes preferable for use as a tracer compared to widely used
chemical tracers, such as chloride. Moreover, this distinct difference can be
used to simplify the system to a binary mixture of two end-members:
desalinated seawater and groundwater. This approach is validated through a
sensitivity analysis, and it is especially robust when spatial data of stable
water isotopes in the aquifer are scarce. A calibrated groundwater flow and
transport model was used to predict the DSW plume distribution in the aquifer
after 50 years of MAR with DSW. The results suggest that after 50 years,
94 % of the recharged DSW was recovered by the production wells at the
Menashe MAR site. The presented methodology is useful for predicting the
distribution of reverse-osmosis desalinated seawater in various downstream
groundwater systems.
Empirical and analytical methods to characterize the efficiency of floods to move sediment in a small semi-arid basin
Authors: Megnounif Abdesselam , Ouillon Sylvain 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Over a long multi-year period, flood events can be classified according to
their effectiveness in moving sediments. Efficiency depends both on the
magnitude and frequency with which events occur. The effective (or dominant)
discharge is the water discharge which corresponds to the maximum sediment
supply. If its calculation is well documented in temperate or humid climates
and large basins, it is much more difficult in small and semi-arid basins
in which short floods with high sediment supplies occur. Using the example of
31 years of measurements in the Wadi Sebdou (north-west Algeria), this paper
compares the two main statistical approaches to calculate the effective
discharge (the empirical method based on histograms of sediment supply by
discharge classes and an analytical calculation based on a hydrological
probability distribution and on a sediment rating curve) to a very simple
proxy: the half-load discharge, i.e. the flow rate corresponding to 50 % of
the cumulative sediment yield. Three types of discharge subdivisions were
tested. In the empirical approach, two subdivisions provided effective
discharge close to the half-load discharge. Analytical solutions based on
log-normal and log-Gumbel probability distributions were assessed but they
highly underestimated the effective discharge, whatever the subdivision used
to adjust the flow frequency distribution. Furthermore, annual series of
maximum discharge and half-load discharge enabled the return period
of hydrological years with discharge higher than the effective discharge
(around 2 years) to be inferred and showed that more than half of the yearly sediment
supply is carried by flows higher than the effective discharge only every
7 hydrological years. This study was the first to adapt the analytical
approach in a semi-arid basin and to show the potentiality and limits of each
method in a such climate.
Dependency of tropical cyclone risk on track in South Korea
Authors: Nam Chaehyeon C. , Park Doo-Sun R. , Ho Chang-Hoi , Chen Deliang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Several previous studies on tropical cyclone (TC) risk assessment have
attempted to quantify the relationship between TC damage and its elements
(i.e. exposure, vulnerability, and hazard). For hazard parameters, TC
intensity (e.g. central minimum pressure, maximum wind speed) and size
information (e.g. 30 knot radius of the TC) have been widely utilized. Our
risk analysis of 85 TCs that made landfall in South Korea from 1979 to 2010,
however, suggests that a small deviation of the TC track in the west–east
direction (≤250 km, smaller than the average radius of TC) has a more
dominant effect on the extent and distribution of TC damage than TC intensity
or size. This significant track dependency of TC damage exists because the TC
track is responsible for the realization of hazard change from potential to
active. More specifically, although two TCs may have the same intensity and
size, locally experienced rainfall and wind speed can vary according to their
tracks due to topography. These results suggest that track information should
be considered more carefully in assessments of future TC risk.
2018 Special Issue: Student Engagement and Retention in Higher Education
Authors: Kahu Ella R , Lodge Jason 
Published: December 2018

We are delighted to present the 2018 Special Issue – Student Engagement and Retention in Higher Education. Practitioners, researchers and scholars know that student retention arises from a complex combination of student, institutional and external factors that manifest differently for individual students. Simple performance metrics focused on student characteristics, cohorts or institutional initiatives delivered as ranking or rating systems, are unlikely to deliver improvements in performance, unless the complex contextual factors underlying the reasons students stay or leave are more widely considered.
Vídeos como objetos de aprendizagem potencialmente significativos
Authors: Edo Neuenfeldt Adriano , Schuck Rogério José , Kalkmann Goulart Lara 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo versa sobre a produção de vídeos como objetos de aprendizagem potencialmente significativos (Oaps). Os vídeos foram postados num canal do YouTube gerenciado pelos próprios estudantes. Com o trabalho desenvolvido, buscaram-se analisar e apontar alternativas metodológicas, para incluir os estudantes nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso que envolveu estudantes matriculados na disciplina de cálculo de uma instituição do ensino superior. Ressalta-se que a proposta permanece em desenvolvimento e, até o momento, foi possível perceber que os estudantes se comportam, principalmente, como consumidores de informação e, em menor escala, como produtores de conhecimento, tendo o professor como mediador do processo.
Avaliação do potencial eólico em uma região do sul do Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Alisson , Maldaner Silvana , Maran Vinicius , Degrazia Gervásio Annes , Roberti Débora Regina , Moreira Virnei Silva , Diaz Marcelo Bortoluzzi , Stefanello Michel Baptistella , Rizza Umberto 
Published: December 2018

Knowledge of wind behavior plays a key role in the production of wind energy, in ambient ventilation and in air quality. In this study the wind speed behavior in Cachoeira do Sul (RS) is analyzed. Wind speed data was measured by a sonic anemometer and it was used to estimate the potential for power generation in the period from 2010 to 2014. One of the methodologies used for the study of wind was the statistical analysis using functions of probability density. There are several models of probability distribution in the literature for time series of data. For wind data, the most commonly used distribution is the Weibull function.This distribution is considered to be the most adequate for wind characterization and is also applied in the analysis of rainfall data,clarity index, water level prediction, among other applications. Thus, the objective of the present study is to obtain preliminary estimates of the wind potential of Cachoeira do Sul (RS) using the Weibull probability distribution to estimate the wind power. The results show that wind power is below 500W=m2 (in 50 m) which indicates low wind potential.
Rapport fra prøvegraving: ID67875 Njalbmeguoika Karasjok kommune Finnmark, 2013
Authors: Skandfer Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Excavation report (in Norwegian). A small-scale excavation in a house-pit. A 1 x 0,25 test-trench was opened from floor area through the front wall, later extended by 0,75 square meter in the floor area. Burnt wooden beams atop of each other, the lower of pine and the upper of pine and birch. These migth be remnants of a burnt timber-frame and roof, respectively. No other finds. Radiocarbon dates between 1120 BC and AD 320 suggest reuse. Related publication:Blankholm, H. P. and Skandfer, M. (in press) House Pits in the Northern Interior. In: Skandfer, M., Blankholm, H. P. and Hood, B. (eds) Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway. Equinox Publishing, Sheffield. Related reports:http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4333http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4331http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4324http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4330http://doi.org/10.7557/7.4336
3D Molecularly Functionalized Cell‐Free Biomimetic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Li Lan , Li Jiayi , Guo Jiamin , Zhang Huikang , Zhang Xin , Yin Caiyun , Wang Liming , Zhu Yishen , Yao Qingqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClinically, cartilage damage is frequently accompanied with subchondral bone injuries caused by disease or trauma. However, the construction of biomimetic scaffolds to support both cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel strategy is adopted to realize the simultaneous repair of osteochondral defects by employing a self‐assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) FEFEFKFK (F, phenylalanine; E, glutamic acid; K, lysine) to coat onto 3D‐printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. Results show that the SAPH‐coated PCL scaffolds exhibit highly improved hydrophilicity and biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) structures compared to PCL scaffolds. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the SAPH‐coated PCL scaffolds promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and maintain the chondrocyte phenotypes. Furthermore, 3% SAPH‐coated PCL scaffolds significantly induce simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone after 8‐ and 12‐week implantation in vivo, respectively. Mechanistically, by virtue of the enhanced deposition of ECM in SAPH‐coated PCL scaffolds, SAPH with increased stiffness facilitates and remodels the microenvironment around osteochondral defects, which may favor simultaneous dual tissue regeneration. These findings indicate that the 3% SAPH provides efficient and reliable modification on PCL scaffolds and SAPH‐coated PCL scaffolds appear to be a promising biomaterial for osteochondral defect repair.
Oxidizing Vacancies in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Enhance Air‐Cathode Activity
Authors: Wang Mengfan , Wang Weipeng , Qian Tao , Liu Sisi , Li Yutao , Hou Zhufeng , Goodenough John B. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Yan Chenglin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOxidizing vacancies in nitrogen‐doped carbon have recently been reported to enhance the oxygen reaction activity of air cathodes, but their specific role has remained elusive and controversial. Herein, the critical role of oxidizing the vacancies in enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction for metal–air battery is identified with density functional theory. Deliberate introduction of oxygen‐enriched vacancies in nitrogen‐doped carbon is shown experimentally to provide superior oxygen reduction activity. In situ X‐ray powder diffraction gives direct observation of the oxygen reactions in a zinc–air battery catalyzed by vacancy‐enriched oxidized carbon; the intensity changes of the carbon peak show continuous chemisorption of oxygen intermediates on the carbon cathode during discharge. The air‐cathode performance is shown to exceed that with Pt/C+IrO2 catalysts.
Biomaterial‐Based “Structured Opals” with Programmable Combination of Diffractive Optical Elements and Photonic Bandgap Effects
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Wenyi , Li Meng , Zhao Siwei , De Ferrari Fabio , Liscidini Marco , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNaturally occurring iridescent systems produce brilliant color displays through multiscale, hierarchical assembly of structures that combine reflective, diffractive, diffusive, or absorbing domains. The fabrication of biopolymer‐based, hierarchical 3D photonic crystals through the use of a topographical templating strategy that allows combined optical effects derived from the interplay of predesigned 2D and 3D geometries is reported here. This biomaterials‐based approach generates 2D diffractive optics composed of 3D nanophotonic lattices that allow simultaneous control over the reflection (through the 3D photonic bandgap) and the transmission (through 2D diffractive structuring) of light with the additional utility of being constituted by a biocompatible, implantable, edible commodity textile material. The use of biopolymers allows additional degrees of freedom in photonic bandgap design through directed protein conformation modulation. Demonstrator structures are presented to illustrate the lattice multifunctionality, including tunable diffractive properties, increased angle of view of photonic crystals, color‐mixing, and sensing applications.
Exact Multipolar Decompositions with Applications in Nanophotonics
Authors: Alaee Rasoul , Rockstuhl Carsten , Fernandez‐Corbaton Ivan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe multipolar decomposition of electromagnetic sources is an important tool for the study of light–matter interactions in general, and optical materials in particular. Here, a report is given on recent progress in the multipolar decomposition of electromagnetic sources. First, the exact and simple expressions for the multipolar moments of electric current density distributions are reviewed, and then, the results are extended to multipolar moments of magnetization current density distributions due to intrinsic spin. The consideration of both electric and magnetic sources allows to establish the conditions for sources of pure handedness. Scripts are provided that facilitate the computation of multipolar moments of arbitrary order. The work and the included examples of use are placed in the context of nanophotonics and metamaterials, and an outlook for applications in these and other fields is provided.
Systemic inflammation and causal risk for Alzheimer's dementia: Possibilities and limitations of a Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Tsui Alex , Davis Daniel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEpidemiological studies have implicated systemic inflammation in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, these observations have been subject to residual confounding and reverse causation. We applied Mendelian randomization approaches to address this. We did not identify any causal associations between serum interleukin (IL)‐18, IL‐1ra, IL‐6, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) concentrations and AD. Our findings are limited by the low number of available instruments, though some of those identified (e.g., IL‐6) were of sufficient power to indicate true negative results. Taken together, it appears there is no evidence for a causal association between these serum inflammatory cytokines and AD.
A Pedagogical Response to Decoloniality: Decolonial Atmospheres and Rising Subjectivity
Authors: Bell Deanne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe neoliberal academy is, at its core, an apparatus through which coloniality sustains itself. Despite the academy's self‐promotion as a catalyzing institution that prepares students to become agents of social change and transformation, some students and faculty experience it as a crucible of oppression. In this essay I trace the beginnings of a project I was a part of in which I worked alongside students who demanded that a psychology program in the university be transformed into a force for decoloniality. I reflect on some of the conditions of coloniality that students actively resisted at one college and that exist elsewhere within the university. Juxtaposed against manifestations of coloniality in the university are synopses of student's experience of them. These synopses provide insight into why students have chosen to resist coloniality in the academy. I also outline a pedagogical response to coloniality that I created given students’ desire for decoloniality. Finally, and with the permission of student artists, two liberation psychology student art projects are included to make visible the rise in subjectivity that becomes possible when a decolonial atmosphere is created within the university.
Efficiency of autocoding programs for converting job descriptors into standard occupational classification (SOC) codes
Authors: Buckner‐Petty Skye , Dale Ann Marie , Evanoff Bradley A. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundExisting datasets often lack job exposure data. Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes can link work exposure data to health outcomes via a Job Exposure Matrix, but manually assigning SOC codes is laborious. We explored the utility of two SOC autocoding programs.MethodsWe entered industry and occupation descriptions from two existing cohorts into two publicly available SOC autocoding programs. SOC codes were also assigned manually by experienced coders. These SOC codes were then linked to exposures from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET).ResultsAgreement between the SOC codes produced by autocoding programs and those produced manually was modest at the 6‐digit level, and strong at the 2‐digit level. Importantly, O*NET exposure values based on SOC code assignment showed strong agreement between manual and autocoded methods.ConclusionBoth available autocoding programs can be useful tools for assigning SOC codes, allowing linkage of occupational exposures to data containing free‐text occupation descriptors.
Solving for X: Evidence for sex‐specific autism biomarkers across multiple transcriptomic studies
Authors: Lee Samuel C. , Quinn Thomas P. , Lai Jerry , Kong Sek Won , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Glatt Stephen J. , Crowley Tamsyn M. , Venkatesh Svetha , Nguyen Thin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a markedly heterogeneous condition with a varied phenotypic presentation. Its high concordance among siblings, as well as its clear association with specific genetic disorders, both point to a strong genetic etiology. However, the molecular basis of ASD is still poorly understood, although recent studies point to the existence of sex‐specific ASD pathophysiologies and biomarkers. Despite this, little is known about how exactly sex influences the gene expression signatures of ASD probands. In an effort to identify sex‐dependent biomarkers and characterize their function, we present an analysis of a single paired‐end postmortem brain RNA‐Seq data set and a meta‐analysis of six blood‐based microarray data sets. Here, we identify several genes with sex‐dependent dysregulation, and many more with sex‐independent dysregulation. Moreover, through pathway analysis, we find that these sex‐independent biomarkers have substantially different biological roles than the sex‐dependent biomarkers, and that some of these pathways are ubiquitously dysregulated in both postmortem brain and blood. We conclude by synthesizing the discovered biomarker profiles with the extant literature, by highlighting the advantage of studying sex‐specific dysregulation directly, and by making a call for new transcriptomic data that comprise large female cohorts.
Einfluss geringer Querkraftbewehrung auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonbalken unterschiedlicher M/V‐Kombinationen
Authors: Tue Nguyen Viet , Ehmann Rainer , Betschoga Christoph , Tung Nguyen Duc 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEs wurden Schubversuche mit Querkraftbewehrungsgraden zwischen dem 0,6‐ und 1,6‐Fachen der Mindestquerkraftbewehrung ρw,min nach EC2 durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden vier Einfeldbalken unter Einzellast und drei Einfeldträger sowie vier Kragarme unter Gleichstreckenlast getestet. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen einen erheblichen Einfluss des statischen Systems und der Belastungsart auf die Traglast und das Rissbild der untersuchten Balken. Während ein Bewehrungsgrad unterhalb der Mindestquerkraftbewehrung kaum Einfluss auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonbalken unter Einzellast hat, führt bereits eine sehr geringe Querkraftbewehrung (≈ 0,6 ρw,min) zu einer erheblichen Steigerung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit bei Balken unter Gleichstreckenlast. Neuartige Messmethoden wie z. B. photogrammetrische Verformungsmessung erweisen sich als geeignetes Werkzeug zur Ermittlung der Änderung des Kraftflusses im Bauteil in Abhängigkeit vom Belastungslevel.