bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Towing of a Semi-submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Yin Decao , Indergård Robert , Lie Halvor , Braaten Henning 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The offshore floating wind energy sector is poised for exponential growth in the coming decades. A pivotal challenge within this context is the imperative to substantially decrease the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to enhance competitiveness. A significant proportion of these LCOE costs are attributable to the towing operations entailed in both the installation of assembled floating wind turbines and the maintenance of major components.
Semi-submersibles, characterized by multiple columns and pontoons, represent the prevailing conceptual approach in the industry due to their versatility across varying water depths and their cost-effectiveness in terms of mooring and transportation. Towing model tests for the semi-submersible INO WINDMOOR floating wind turbine have been conducted in the Ocean Basin at SINTEF Ocean. The primary objective of these tests is to investigate critical aspects such as towing resistance and dynamic responses, including vortex-induced motion (VIM) and galloping.
This paper presents the experimental set-up and initial findings from the model tests. Through comparative data analysis of selected cases, an enhanced and insightful understanding of the intricate fuid-structure interactions is expected to be achieved. Additionally, it highlights the identification of knowledge gaps and research imperatives aimed at expanding the towing operational criteria, with the ultimate goal of reduction of installation and maintenance costs.
Design optimization of floating offshore wind farms using a steady state movement and flow model
Authors: Feng Ju , Pedersen Mads Mølgaard , Riva Riccardo , Bredmose Henrik , Santos Pedro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate how to carry out the design optimization of floating offshore wind farms by considering the impacts brought by the movements of the floating wind turbines. A steady state movement and flow model is applied in the modelling process. This model is developed by building a turbine surrogate model for estimating the steady state movement and power production of floating wind turbines and incorporating it in an open-source static wind farm simulator, PyWake. Using this modelling methodology, layout optimization problems of floating offshore wind farms are solved by using algorithms like Random Search to maximize the energy yield while satisfying certain constraints. Case studies are carried out for two wind farms with met-ocean conditions from a real planned site in Scottland to show the potential of layout optimization for floating wind farms.
Comparison of classical and drone based hard-target methodologies applied to scanning lidar for offshore wind
Authors: Oldroyd A , Young M , Docherty M , Bost J , Redford S , Haize J , Royle J , Gottschall J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hard target testing is a crucial part of the commissioning process of scanning lidar measurement systems. The correct alignment of the scan head and understanding of the pointing accuracy is crucial to reducing uncertainties in wind speed measurements by scanning lidar especially in dual-scanning configuration. This paper presents a comparison between traditional hard targeting technique and the use of drone based hard targets. A procedure is presented to minimise measurement error and hence increase confidence in the pointing accuracy.
Revenue assessment of damage aware wind farm control for secondary frequency regulation provision
Authors: Dupont K , Chapaloglou S , Cali Ü 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a case study of a wind power plant participating in the balancing market is presented and any potential revenue benefits are estimated. To make a representative performance assessment, an existing case for the frequency regulation market is selected, based on the pay-for-performance scheme of the US regional transmission operator Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM). In this implementation, the wind power plant is being rewarded or penalized based on its signal-tracking capabilities, which are quantified by proper performance metrics. The fast response characteristics of the wind turbines allow for tracking even the faster automatic regulation signal (RegD from PJM). However, one of the significant challenges associated with providing such type of active power reference tracking on the wind farm scale is that different turbines have different responses and structural damage accumulation due to the local environmental conditions and the coupling due to wakes. The in-house developed, numerically efficient, wind farm simulation model “regfarm” is employed, allowing for a thorough analysis and revenue assessment under various operating regimes and weather conditions. Numerous time-domain simulations and historical pricing time series are used to quantify the expected revenue from market participation. Under the regulation market pay-for-performance compensation scheme, the simulated wind farm earned a lower revenue when compared to maximizing energy production. Depending on the configuration, the wind farm experiences between a 2.14% and a 2.38% decrease in revenue when providing 10% of the estimated available power to the regulation market. The wind farm is operated as both damage-ignorant and damage-aware, with no significant comparative loss in revenue when the damage distribution is considered.
Assessment of microplastics in the sediments around Hywind Scotland Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Piarulli Stefania , Sørensen Lisbet , Kubowicz Stephan , Vrålstad Heléne K. , Mette Murvoll Kari , Booth Andy M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Leading edge erosion of turbine blades is hypothesized to be a source of microplastic (MP; 1-5000 µm) emissions from offshore wind farms (OWFs) to the marine environment. Given the higher density of rotor blade coating and leading-edge protection (LEP) materials than seawater, released MP are expected to enter the surrounding waters and sink to the sediments, where the highest concentrations may be expected in the sediments in and around the OWF infrastructure. Here, we present a methodological approach for the quantification and characterisation of coating and LEP MPs (>300 µm) in sediments, applied to samples collected from 15 locations around the Hywind Scotland floating OWF. To validate the approach, reference materials were produced from the different coating layers and LEP material and used to generate library IR spectra and mass spectra so that such particles could be robustly identified if present in the sediment samples. The reference materials were also used to evaluate particle integrity and recovery across the sample preparation applied to real samples (ZnCl2 density separation, filtration). Results suggested the LEP material was unaffected by the sample processing, but fragmentation was observed for the two coating layers studied, leading to an increase in the number of particles and a decrease in weight due to loss of particles <300 µm. After isolation, particles were evaluated using microscopy and suspected MP particles were identified and subjected to a detailed chemical characterisation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the field samples, twenty particles were confirmed as MP, but none had polymer compositions matching the coatings and LEP materials, instead representing common thermoplastics in the form of flakes, films, fragments, and filaments.
Research on fall prevention and safety protection for electric power tower climbing operations based on the longhorn whisker algorithm
Authors: Zhan Peilin , Zeng Yonghao , Yu Shanhui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development of the power industry, the safety of power tower climbing operations is increasingly valued. This study focuses on the anti-fall safety protection of electric power tower climbing operations and proposes a study on the anti-fall safety protection of electric power tower climbing operations based on the Longhorn whisker algorithm. Firstly, real-time image acquisition of the climbing operation site is carried out through the camera equipment carried by the drone, ensuring clear and comprehensive information on the working environment is obtained. Secondly, extract hazardous features in climbing operations, such as abnormal worker posture, tool detachment, etc. These features are important indicators of potential fall risks. Finally, a fall hazard detection model is constructed and optimized using the Longhorn Whisker algorithm to identify and warn of impending fall events, thereby providing timely safety protection for climbing operators. The experimental results show that this method has shown significant effectiveness in improving job safety, providing strong technical support for the safety protection of power tower climbing operations.
Model predictive power control for grid-tied T-type three-level quasi-Z-source inverter with low complexity
Authors: Liu Yangbo , Kang Longyun , Liu Lin , Zhu Chunsheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The appealing design known as T-type three-level quasi-Z-source inverters (T2LQZSI) can function in both step-down and step-up modes. Model predictive control for converters has also received a lot of interest. This article suggests a low-complexity model predictive power control for T-type quasi-Z-source inverters with neutral-point voltage (NP-V) balance to address the shortcomings of conventional model predictive control and achieve improved performance. The resulting voltage is produced by using a variety of vectors. For NP-V balance, the tiny vector is employed. In addition, a strong optimum sector selection approach is suggested, which significantly lowers the processing complexity. Results from experiments show how effective and better the suggested technique is.
A short-term load forecasting method based on QRLSTM considering multiple factors analysis
Authors: Wu Huahua , Chen Wenjin , Zhang Si , Tang Lv , Liu Ang , Deng Shichang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Complex characteristics of power loads terribly affect the safety of the power grid. Thus, accurate short-term load forecasting is regarded as a solution to mitigate the effect of load complications. In this regard, this work is putting forward a Long Short-Term Memory Network Quantile Regression (LSTMQR) for power load, obtaining the probability density function (PDF). Firstly, the quantile of future power load was obtained using the LSTMQR model. The conditional quantile obtained by the LSTMQR model is used as the input of the Kernel Density Estimation model (KDE) to predict the future probability density distribution of short-term power load at different prediction times. Furthermore, an assessment method is proposed to quantify the effect of different factors on power load to improve prediction accuracy. Finally, a numerical simulation based on actual data in China is established to validate the effectiveness of the proposed forecasting algorithm, indicating the proposed forecasting algorithm can effectively evaluate the relationship between different factors and power load, and probability density prediction can accurately quantify the uncertainty of load information. The proposed algorithm results in a reduction of 37.6% in forecast error compared to the traditional forecasting algorithm.
The optimal design of airflow modes for double-layer solar air heater with perforated baffles
Authors: Liu Ying , Long Yanping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To further improve the thermal performance of SAH, two mathematical models of the double-layer solar air heater with perforated baffles (DSAH-PB) were established to analyze the optimal airflow modes. In Mode 1, the air flowed parallelly in the upper and lower channels; in Mode 2, the airflow in the upper channel was opposite to the airflow in the lower channel. Validation against reported data showed the models’ accuracy with a maximum relative deviation of less than 10%. Results indicated that Mode 2 achieved a collection efficiency 2.57∼4.28% higher than Mode 1, attributable to a thinner boundary layer and increased turbulence, enhancing the convective heat transfer coefficient. Comparative analysis revealed that the outlet temperatures in Mode 2’s upper and lower channels exceeded those in Mode 1 by 0.37∼ 3.67°C and 1.63∼7.48°C, respectively. Velocity distribution analysis confirmed the superior performance of Mode 2, with a more uniform velocity distribution and lower absorber plate temperature, contributing to improved thermal efficiency. The study underscored the importance of airflow distribution and channel design in optimizing SAH performance.
Evaluation and regulation methods for the utilization of Type-II oil reservoirs using ASP flooding
Authors: Yuan Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Existing methods for calculating oil reservoir utilization in chemical flooding rely on the instantaneous water absorption profile, which fails to provide an accurate description of the actual utilization conditions of the reservoir, making it imperative to find a method that accurately reflects the reservoir utilization. Type-II oil reservoirs often exhibit significant vertical heterogeneity. During chemical flooding, the impacts of high-permeability layer utilization, low-permeability layer utilization, and the simultaneous utilization of both layers on recovery are to be explored. Therefore, it is important to investigate the recovery requirements for different types of reservoirs. This study explores the solutions for improved reservoir utilization as well as the evaluation and regulation methods for the utilization of secondary oil reservoirs using the Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flooding, which is of great significance for the adjustment of ASP flooding, injection, and production of secondary oil reservoirs.
The passive recording of the click trains of a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and the subsequent creation of a bio-inspired echolocation model
Authors: Qing Xin , Wang Yuncong , Xia Zhi , Liu Songzuo , Mazhar Suleman , Zhao Yibo , Pu Wangyi , Qiao Gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A beluga-like model of click train signal is developed by observing beluga’s sound recording. To reproduce the feature of the biosonar signal, this paper uses a signal extracting method with a correction factor of inter-click interval to acquire the parameter of click trains. The extracted clicks were analyzed in the time and frequency domain. Furthermore, a joint pulse-frequency representation was undertaken in order to provide a 2D energy distribution for an echolocation click train. The results from joint pulse-frequency representation indicate that click train can be adjusted its energy distribution by using a multi-component signal structure. To evaluate the capability of the click train to inform the whale of relevant target information perception for the click train, a finite element model is built to reproduce target discrimination by the bio-inspired click train. Numerical results indicate that the bio-inspired click train could enhance the echo-response by concentrating energy into the frequency bins for extracting target feature effectively. This proof-of-concept study suggests that the model of click train could be dynamically controlled to match the target properties, and show a promising way to use various types of echolocation click train to interrogate different features of the target by man-made sonar.
Indications of a changing winter through the lens of lake mixing in Earth’s largest freshwater system
Authors: Anderson Eric J , Tillotson Brooke , Stow Craig A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Global surface freshwater primarily resides in lakes, with the overwhelming majority found in Earth’s largest lakes, thus understanding potential climate change effects in these large lakes is critical. In dimictic lakes, climate change has extended the duration of summer thermal stratification and reduced the length of the ice season. These changes are relatively straightforward to evaluate in smaller, inland lakes. However, in large lakes, such as the North American Great Lakes, temporally intermittent and spatially heterogeneous ice cover, and spatial thermal heterogeneity limit the utility of simple ice on–off or mixing classifications; therefore, assessing how climate change is impacting winter conditions in large lakes is challenging. Here, we use in-situ and satellite-derived surface water temperature observations from the North American Great Lakes to overcome these limitations and show that warming air temperatures are driving reductions in the number of winter days, collectively those with either ice cover or inverse thermal stratification, in favor of increases in isothermal conditions for the period 1995–2023. We find that on average the Great Lakes are experiencing a loss of 14 winter days per decade. Our results demonstrate how climate change has yielded disproportionate changes in the annual thermal cycle and mixing conditions of Earth’s largest freshwater system and signals the potential for fundamental ecosystem shifts due to a loss of winter.
Testing the instanton approach to the large amplification limit of a diffraction–amplification problem
Authors: Mounaix Philippe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The validity of the instanton analysis approach is tested numerically in the case of the diffraction–amplification problem

∂
z

ψ
−

i

2
m

∂

x
2

2

ψ
=
g
|
S

|
2

ψ

for

ln
⁡
U
≫
1

, where

U
=
|
ψ
(
0
,
L
)

|
2

. Here,

S
(
x
,
z
)

is a complex Gaussian random field, z and x respectively are the axial and transverse coordinates, with

0
⩽
z
⩽
L

, and both

m
≠
0

and g > 0 are real parameters. We consider a class of S, called the ‘one-max class’, for which we devise a specific biased sampling procedure. As an application, p(U), the probability distribution of U, is obtained down to values less than 10−2270 in the far right tail. We find that the agreement of our numerical results with the instanton analysis predictions in Mounaix (2023 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
56 305001) is remarkable. Both the predicted algebraic tail of p(U) and concentration of the realizations of S onto the leading instanton are clearly confirmed, which validates the instanton analysis numerically in the large

ln
⁡
U

limit for S in the one-max class.
Conservation laws, traveling wave solutions and wavelet solution for the two-component Novikov equation
Authors: Mondal Supriya , Maitra Sarit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The objective of this present article is to study the two-component Novikov equation. This equation is also known as Geng–Xue equation and is characterized by cubic nonlinearities. By applying the multiplier method, new conserved quantities are found, and some traveling wave solutions are derived based on the

(

G

′

G

)

-expansion method. Furthermore, a numerical solution is determined by employing the Haar wavelet collocation (HWC) method. In order to confirm the accuracy, this numerical solution is compared with the solution obtained by

(

G

′

G

)

-expansion method. Additionally, the convergence analysis of the HWC method is also presented.
An efficient process for decomposing perfluorinated compounds by reactive species during microwave discharge in liquid
Authors: SUN 孙 Shaohua 绍华 , SUN 孙 Bing 冰 , YU 于 Zhonglin 忠林 , WANG 王 Qiuying 秋颖 , (王媛媛) Yuanyuan WANG , LIU 刘 Jinglin 景林 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Microwave discharge plasma in liquid (MDPL) is a new type of water purification technology with a high mass transfer efficiency. It is a kind of low-temperature plasma technology. The reactive species produced by the discharge can efficiently act on the pollutants. To clarify the application prospects of MDPL in water treatment, the discharge performance, practical application, and pollutant degradation mechanism of MDPL were studied in this work. The effects of power, conductivity, pH, and Fe2+ concentration on the amount of reactive species produced by the discharge were explored. The most common and refractory perfluorinated compounds (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water environments are degraded by MDPL technology. The highest defluorination of PFOA was 98.8% and the highest defluorination of PFOS was 92.7%. The energy consumption efficiency of 50% defluorination (G50-F) of PFOA degraded by MDPL is 78.43 mg/kWh, PFOS is 42.19 mg/kWh. The results show that the MDPL technology is more efficient and cleaner for the degradation of perfluorinated compounds. Finally, the reaction path and pollutant degradation mechanisms of MDPL production were analyzed. The results showed that MDPL technology can produce a variety of reactive species and has a good treatment effect for refractory perfluorinated pollutants.
Divine Assemblies in Early Greek and Babylonian Epic
Authors: Ballesteros Bernardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn early Greek and Near Eastern myth and religion, the gods govern the cosmos. In narrative poetry, they are frequently portrayed through scenes of divine assembly. Did Homer and early Greek poets inherit this feature from their more ancient neighbours? And, what can comparison tell us besides? This book is the first to chart divine assembly scenes in ancient Babylonian and early Greek epic. It asks why similarities between the two corpora exist, and exploits those similarities to enhance understanding of Mesopotamian and early Greek literature and religion. The book discusses Sumerian narrative poems, the Akkadian works Atra-ḫasīs, Anzû, Enūma eliš, Erra and Išum and the Epic of Gilgameš; Homer’s Iliad, the Odyssey, Hesiod’s Theogony and some Homeric Hymns. It studies poetic technique and probes further comparisons with Sanskrit, Old Norse, Polynesian and Aztec mythology. It argues that Greek speakers are unlikely to have inherited the divine assembly from the Near East. Still, one can posit a long-term process of oral contact and communication fostered by common poetic structures and religious affinities. In a second part pursuing a mythological and religious comparison, the book concentrates on ideas about the cosmos and humankind, and on power dynamics within the pantheon as well as between gods and mortals. A focus on the head of the pantheon and on concepts of divine prerogatives illuminates culture-specific differences which can be related to historical socio-political discourses. The book develops a systematic approach to questions of cross-cultural literary comparison in the ancient world.
Enemies of the Assembly
Authors: Ballesteros Bernardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter moves to the purely divine plane by comparing Chaoskampf narratives. In these cosmogonic poems, a warrior-god protects the divine community against external enemies by (re-)establishing order. The chapter studies the interaction of the warrior with the divine assembly and the question whether and how he is to become king of the gods. It starts with an introduction to Chaoskampf narratives in a broader context of Near Eastern and world mythology (§1). It presents discussions of Lugale and Anzû (§2), Enūma eliš (§3), Erra and Išum (§4) and Hesiod’s Theogony (§5), and comparative conclusions (§6). Though much changes across the various poems, the Babylonian narratives assert the centrality of the assembly. This is a pre-existing body, whose senior representatives alone can legitimize, guide, and deter the warrior-god. By contrast, the Theogony emphasizes that Zeus’ unique political capacities create a new order which successfully subsumes the previous, unstable situation.