bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the quantum efficiency-lifetime tradeoff of photocathodes by coating with atomically thin two-dimensional nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Gaoxue , Yang Ping , Moody Nathan A. , Batista Enrique R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhotocathodes are key components of electron injectors for X-ray free electron laser and X-ray energy recovery linacs, which generate brilliant, ultrafast, and coherent X-rays for the exploration of matter with ultrahigh resolutions in both space and time. Whereas alkali-based semiconducting photocathodes display a higher quantum efficiency (QE) in the visible light spectrum than their metallic counterparts, their lifetimes are much shorter due to the high reactivity of alkali-based surfaces to the residual gases in the vacuum chamber. Overcoming the tradeoff between QE and lifetimes has been a great challenge in the accelerator community. Herein, based on ab initio density functional calculations, we propose an approach to overcome this tradeoff by coating with atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. On one hand, the 2D coating layers can enhance the lifetimes of photocathodes by preventing the chemical reactions with the residual gases. On the other hand, the 2D coating layers can effectively engineer the work function of photocathodes, thus controlling their QE. A monolayer of insulating BN reduces the work function, whereas a monolayer of semi-metallic graphene or semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) increases the work function. This phenomenon originates from the induced interfacial dipoles. The reduction of work function by BN implies that it is capable of maintaining the high QE of semiconducting photocathodes in addition to enhance their lifetimes. This study advances our understandings on the surface chemistry of coated photocathodes and opens new technological avenues to fabricate photocathodes with high QE and longer lifetimes.
Individual Brain Charting, a high-resolution fMRI dataset for cognitive mapping
Authors: Pinho Ana Luísa , Amadon Alexis , Ruest Torsten , Fabre Murielle , Dohmatob Elvis , Denghien Isabelle , Ginisty Chantal , Becuwe-Desmidt Séverine , Roger Séverine , Laurier Laurence , Joly-Testault Véronique , Médiouni-Cloarec Gaëlle , Doublé Christine , Martins Bernadette , Pinel Philippe , Eger Evelyn , Varoquaux Gaël , Pallier Christophe , Dehaene Stanislas , Hertz-Pannier Lucie , Thirion Bertrand 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has furthered brain mapping on perceptual, motor, as well as higher-level cognitive functions. However, to date, no data collection has systematically addressed the functional mapping of cognitive mechanisms at a fine spatial scale. The Individual Brain Charting (IBC) project stands for a high-resolution multi-task fMRI dataset that intends to provide the objective basis toward a comprehensive functional atlas of the human brain. The data refer to a cohort of 12 participants performing many different tasks. The large amount of task-fMRI data on the same subjects yields a precise mapping of the underlying functions, free from both inter-subject and inter-site variability. The present article gives a detailed description of the first release of the IBC dataset. It comprises a dozen of tasks, addressing both low- and high- level cognitive functions. This openly available dataset is thus intended to become a reference for cognitive brain mapping.
Delayed death following paraquat poisoning: three case reports and a literature review
Authors: Shadnia Shahin , Ebadollahi-Natanzi Alireza , Ahmadzadeh Saeid , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh , Pourshojaei Yaghoub , Rahimi Hamid Reza 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning is principally reported in developing countries. However, most fatalities occur elsewhere due to the induction of multi-organ failure. PQ poisoning can hardly be managed by clinical practice, and no specific antidote has come into existence yet. Here three cases, including 17-, 20-, and 23-year-old men, who were poisoned with PQ, have been reported. Furthermore, the literature regarding biological mechanisms, clinical manifestation, and treatment of PQ-induced toxicity was reviewed. Patients who, either intentionally or accidentally, ingested PQ earlier were initially found to be stable at the emergency department (ED). Therefore, they were discharged from the hospital under a follow-up. However, after several days, the patients were referred to the hospital for the second time and despite cardiovascular resuscitation (CPR) efforts, they suddenly expired. The delayed death following exposure to PQ was reported for inducing gradual progressive pulmonary fibrosis, metabolic acidosis, neurotoxicity, renal failure, and liver injury in poisoned patients. Therefore, PQ-intoxicated patients should be supervised for up to several weeks, and kept in the hospital for a longer period of time. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings are beneficial markers that act as useful predictors of PQ poisoning.
Synthesis of LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays and study of performances on fluorescence enhancement and red shift
Authors: Wang Qian , Feng Jie , Peng Guangzheng , Zhang Tong , Xiang Ji , Li Peng , Ye Lina , Yuan Xiaoyou 
Published: June 2018

Highly ordered LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays have been synthesised in anodic aluminium oxide template by chemical co‐deposition at negative pressure suction, it is amorphous and with homogeneous morphologies. There are two peaks at 619 and 704 nm with excitation wavelength of 394 nm, which have red shift slightly relative to the 5 D0–2 F2 and 5 D0–7 F4 energy level transition of Eu3+, and Tb3+ exhibits strong fluorescence enhancement and sensitisation in LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays with the existence of La3+. The fluorescence intensity of LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays is related to the doping concentration of Eu3+ ion. When the doping concentration of Eu3+ is 8%, the fluorescence intensity reaches a maximum, and remarkably decreases at higher concentrations.
Dynamics of nanodust particles emitted from elongated initial orbits
Authors: Czechowski A. , Mann I. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Because of high charge-to-mass ratio, the nanodust dynamics near the Sun is determined by interplay between the gravity and the electromagnetic forces. Depending on the point where it was created, a nanodust particle can either be trapped in a non-Keplerian orbit, or escape away from the Sun, reaching large velocity. The main source of nanodust is collisional fragmentation of larger dust grains, moving in approximately circular orbits inside the circumsolar dust cloud. Nanodust can also be released from cometary bodies, with highly elongated orbits.
Aims. We use numerical simulations and theoretical models to study the dynamics of nanodust particles released from the parent bodies moving in elongated orbits around the Sun. We attempt to find out whether these particles can contribute to the trapped nanodust population.
Methods. We use two methods: the motion of nanodust is described either by numerical solutions of full equations of motion, or by a two-dimensional (heliocentric distance vs. radial velocity) model based on the guiding-center approximation. Three models of the solar wind are employed, with different velocity profiles. Poynting–Robertson and the ion drag are included.
Results. We find that the nanodust emitted from highly eccentric orbits with large aphelium distance, like those of sungrazing comets, is unlikely to be trapped. Some nanodust particles emitted from the inbound branch of such orbits can approach the Sun to within much shorter distances than the perihelium of the parent body. Unless destroyed by sublimation or other processes, these particles ultimately escape away from the Sun. Nanodust from highly eccentric orbits can be trapped if the orbits are contained within the boundary of the trapping region (for orbits close to ecliptic plane, within ~0.16 AU from the Sun). Particles that avoid trapping escape to large distances, gaining velocities comparable to that of the solar wind.
Bipolar H II regions
Authors: Samal M. R. , Deharveng L. , Zavagno A. , Anderson L. D. , Molinari S. , Russeil D. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. We aim to identify bipolar Galactic H II regions and to understand their parental cloud structures, morphologies, evolution, and impact on the formation of new generations of stars.
Methods. We use the Spitzer-GLIMPSE, Spitzer-MIPSGAL, and Herschel-Hi-GAL surveys to identify bipolar H II regions and to examine their morphologies. We search for their exciting star(s) using NIR data from the 2MASS, UKIDSS, and VISTA surveys. Massive molecular clumps are detected near these bipolar nebulae, and we estimate their temperatures, column densities, masses, and densities. We locate Class 0/I young stellar objects (YSOs) in their vicinities using the Spitzer and Herschel-PACS emission.
Results. Numerical simulations suggest bipolar H II regions form and evolve in a two-dimensional flat- or sheet-like molecular cloud. We identified 16 bipolar nebulae in a zone of the Galactic plane between ℓ ± 60° and |b| < 1°. This small number, when compared with the 1377 bubble H II regions in the same area, suggests that most H II regions form and evolve in a three-dimensional medium. We present the catalogue of the 16 bipolar nebulae and a detailed investigation for six of these. Our results suggest that these regions formed in dense and flat structures that contain filaments. We find that bipolar H II regions have massive clumps in their surroundings. The most compact and massive clumps are always located at the waist of the bipolar nebula, adjacent to the ionised gas. These massive clumps are dense, with a mean density in the range of 105 cm−3 to several 106 cm−3 in their centres. Luminous Class 0/I sources of several thousand solar luminosities, many of which have associated maser emission, are embedded inside these clumps. We suggest that most, if not all, massive 0/I YSO formation has probably been triggered by the expansion of the central bipolar nebula, but the processes involved are still unknown. Modelling of such nebula is needed to understand the star formation processes at play.
Zur Differenzierung und Kalzium-Abhängigkeit von Kontakt-wirkungen benetzbarer Oberflächen. Ihr Einfluß auf die Blutthrombokinase-Bildung
Authors: Egli H , Buscha H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Methodik beschrieben, die eine differenzierte Bestimmung direkter und indirekter Kontaktwirkungen auf die Blutthrombokinase-Bildung ermöglicht. Dazu wird eine zuvor auf 56° C erhitzte Probe von BaSO4-Serum oder BaSO4-Plasma intensiv mit Glas in Kontakt gebracht (direkte Kontakt-Aktivierung) und mit einer unter Silikontechnik gewonnenen Serumprobe gemischt. Die danach auftretende Steigerung der thromboplastischen Aktivität des Silikon-Serums (indirekte Kontakt-Aktivierung) wird mit Hilfe des Thrombokinase-Bildungstestes von Biggs, Douglas und Macfarlane bestimmt. — Kalzium erwies sich lediglich für die indirekte Kontakt-Aktivierung als unent-behrlich, in der vermutlich eine Reaktion zwischen dem Faktor IX (Christmas-Faktor) und einem, unter dem Einfluß direkter Kontaktwirkung gebildeten Komplex aus Hageman-Faktor und PTA erfolgt.Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Platelet Count and Thrombelastographic Maximal Amplitude in Experimental Thrombocythemias
Authors: de Nicola P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryExperimental thrombocythemias were produced in animals by injecting pantetine, serotonin, progesterone, testosterone, STH, and by carrying out orchid-ectomy. Thrombelastographic determinations of the maximal amplitude were carried out under such conditions and the results correlated with the platelet counts. No significant increases of the maximal amplitude could be observed, even in the presence of very high platelet levels, nor the thrombelastographic signs of a platelet impairment could be detected.
Antithrombin I Activity
Authors: Verstraete Marc , Vermylen Carl 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Our experiments demonstrate that antithrombin I interferes considerably in the thrombin inhibitor determination described by Jürgens. A similar interference can be suspected in the immediate antithrombin determinations as described by other investigators in experiments based on the same principle.2. The thrombin-adsorbing capacity of fibrin depends to a high degree on the ionic strength of the medium: low ionic strength enhances, while high concentrations inhibite antithrombin J activity.3. After allowing for antithrombin I interference in the total thrombin inhibition, there was still measurable direct antithrombin activity present. The magnitude of the latter is directly correlated to the antithrombin capacity found in plasma samples free of the antithrombin I side-effect. Such plasma samples were obtained from a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia and heat-defibrinated normal plasma.
Abortion in the Structure of Causes of Maternal Mortality
Authors: Granatovich Nina N. , Survillo Elena V. , Pichugina Leontina V. , Achilgova Zarina S. , Volkov Valery G. 
Published: June 2018

Objective To study the structure of maternal mortality caused by abortion in the Tula region.
Methods The medical records of deceased pregnant women, childbirth, and postpartum from January 01, 2001, to December 31, 2015, were analyzed.
Results Overall, 204,095 abortion cases were recorded in the Tula region for over 15 years. The frequency of abortion was reduced 4-fold, with 18,200 in 2001 to 4,538 in 2015. The rate of abortions per 1,000 women (age 15–44 years) for 15 years decreased by 40.5%, that is, from 46.53 (2001) to 18.84 (2015), and that of abortions per 100 live births and stillbirths was 29.5%, that is, from 161.7 (2001) to 41.5 (2015). Five women died from abortion complications that began outside of the hospital, which accounted for 0.01% of the total number. In the structure of causes of maternal mortality for 15 years, abortion represented 14.3% of the cases. Lethality mainly occurred in the period from 2001 to 2005 (4 cases). Among the maternal deaths, many women died in rural areas after pregnancy termination at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation (n = 4). In addition, three women died from sepsis and two from bleeding.
Conclusion The introduction of modern, effective technologies of family planning has reduced maternal mortality due to abortion.
Caspase-1 inhibition prevents glial inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in models of multiple sclerosis
Authors: McKenzie Brienne A. , Mamik Manmeet K. , Saito Leina B. , Boghozian Roobina , Monaco Maria Chiara , Major Eugene O. , Lu Jian-Qiang , Branton William G. , Power Christopher 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) was recently identified as the principal executioner of pyroptosis (“fiery death”), a type of proinflammatory programmed cell death driven by inflammasomes. Caspase-1 cleaves GSDMD, but whether this process contributes to neuroinflammation is unknown. Here, we report evidence of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis as a primary mechanism of inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system during multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating and incurable demyelinating disease that causes profound loss of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. By identifying GSDMD induction and pyroptosis in oligodendrocytes and microglia, we discovered a previously unrecognized mechanism driving neuroinflammation and demyelination. Pharmacologically inhibiting caspase-1 prevented pyroptosis in experimental models of MS, reducing demyelination and neurodegeneration. These findings highlight therapeutic approaches for understanding and treating inflammatory demyelination.
Unique function words characterize genomic proteins
Authors: Scaiewicz Andrea , Levitt Michael 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The vast, mostly unknown protein universe can be explored by analyzing protein sequences as a string of domains. A broader coverage can be achieved when these domains, the essential blocks in protein evolution, are detected using sequence profiles. Using clustering to collapse redundant profiles into unique function words (UFWs), we find that over the years 2009–2016, the number of UFWs saturates while the number of sequences matched by a combination of two or more UFWs grows exponentially.
Species coexistence through simultaneous fluctuation-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Letten Andrew D. , Dhami Manpreet K. , Ke Po-Ju , Fukami Tadashi 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Fluctuating environmental conditions are thought to be important for the maintenance of species diversity, and yet our understanding of the relative contribution of different fluctuation-dependent coexistence mechanisms (the temporal storage effect and relative nonlinearity of competition) in real systems is limited. Using experiments and simulations, we show that both mechanisms consistently affect coexistence and that, contrary to long-held assumptions, the effect of relative nonlinearity can be larger in magnitude. These results may be general in that the simultaneous emergence of both mechanisms rests on two factors common to nearly all ecological systems, from the human gut to the soil microbiome: variable environmental conditions and saturating population growth rates.
Cancer-mutation network and the number and specificity of driver mutations
Authors: Iranzo Jaime , Martincorena Iñigo , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Cancer genomics yields a wealth of information on cancer-associated mutations in various cancer types, but current understanding of the number and tissue specificity of the driver mutations remains limited. We applied mathematical methods for network analysis to identify distinct modules linking tumors to driver mutations. About 27% of the tumors belong to such modules, whereas the rest form a diffuse component of the gene–tumor network. The cancers from the diffuse component show an onset later in life than those in the modules and have fewer associated known drivers, implying the existence of multiple unidentified and/or interchangeable drivers in the former.
Microfluidic chambers using fluid walls for cell biology
Authors: Soitu Cristian , Feuerborn Alexander , Tan Ann Na , Walker Henry , Walsh Pat A. , Castrejón-Pita Alfonso A. , Cook Peter R. , Walsh Edmond J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Despite improvements in our ability to manipulate ever-smaller volumes, most workflows in cell biology still use volumes of many microliters. We describe a method for creating microfluidic arrangements containing submicroliter volumes. It exploits interfacial forces dominant at the microscale to confine liquids with fluid (not solid) walls. We demonstrate many basic manipulations required for cell culture and some widely used downstream workflows. The method eliminates many problems associated with the fabrication of conventional microfluidic devices, thereby providing a simple on-demand approach for fabrication of microfluidic devices using materials familiar to biologists.
Considerations to improve the quality of cochlear implant surgery using measurements on postoperatively measured changes in the vestibular system
Authors: Alzhrani Farid 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
The vestibular system is at risk of damage during cochlear implantation, especially during electrode insertion. It is important to choose the best CI electrode according to the patient´s condition considering the preoperative status of the vestibular system.

Objectives:
To monitor the quality of the cochlear implant surgeries by evaluating:
(1) possibility of vestibular damage following cochlear implantation surgery using two different types of implant electrode arrays (straight and perimodiolar) and formulate a recommendation on choosing the most appropriate type of array design;
(2) provide guidance on how experienced surgeons can assist in improving the skills of more junior surgeons to minimize loss of vestibular function.

Study design:
Retrospective study.

Method:
Review of our cochlear-implant databank yielded 997 surgeries between January 2012 and December 2013. Postoperative videonystagmography records were analysed for patients who received either a Nucleus Contour Advance or Nucleus Slim Straight with preoperative and postoperative results at 4–6 weeks. Self-report records were available where patients had postoperative symptoms of vertigo. The degree of loss of vestibular function when surgery was performed by a senior or junior surgeon evaluated.

Results:
Of the 550 patients who had received a Nucleus implant, 85 recipients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This study showed a significant difference in the value indicating vestibular changes for the implanted ear. There was a trend for slightly poorer postoperative vestibular function in patients with contour advance electrode compared to slim straight electrode. The junior group had more cases of diminished postoperative vestibular function than the senior group.

Conclusion:
Our study indicates that the design of the cochlear implant electrodes used, may affect function of the vestibular organ. We recommend using slim and lateral wall electrode in case of only functioning vestibular organ. Senior surgeons should assist junior surgeons while performing the cochlear implant surgery.
Mixed Wooden-Concrete Piles: A Solution for Structures Located Near Saltwater Lakes
Authors: Tataru I , Corbu O , Bucur I 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper aims to present an ecological solution for creating a long-living structure using wood and eco-friendly concrete. Nowadays, it is an imminent need to reduce the use of non-renewable natural resources and, at the same time, to minimize the negative impacts of waste production from the construction sector. As a result, the option of reusing and reintroducing materials in production cycles in order to form totally different products becomes more common day by day. Even if wood is a hugely capable civil engineering material, the area of untreated pile situated above ground water level is vulnerable. This problem can be found in salty water resorts, as in the case of Oglinzi Baths located in Neamţ County. A proper solution for solving this problem could consist of using an already patented concrete that has in composition recycled glass aggregates and, moreover, has outstanding durability properties. This mixed piles structure can be a sustainable alternative benefiting from two commonly used materials and local resources.