bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-13 Providing on-farm handling tools to move grow-finish pig cadavers
Authors: Akin Ella E , Johnson Anna K , Jass Cassandra , Ross Jason W , Millman Suzanne T , Stinn John , Stalder Kenneth J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
During the grow-finish phase of production some pigs become non-ambulatory and/or die requiring the need to provide caretakers with handling tools to move them safely. The goal of this study was to identify handling tools suitable for moving non-ambulatory grow-finish pig cadavers. Five caretakers on a commercial grow-finish site were asked to move three commercial crossbred (PIC) genetic line pig cadavers (59 kg, 91 kg and 98 kg), using three handling tools (sked - SKED; deer sled - SLED; modified deer sled - MDS). Outcomes included latency to move cadaver from home-pen to hospital pen, differences in caretaker heart rate (bpm) and oxygen saturation (%), and caretakers’ subjective effort score (1 = very difficult to 5 = very easy). Data were analyzed using mixed model methods for parametric data with fixed effects of caretaker, cadaver and handling tool. PDIFF was used to separate means. Caretakers differed for latency, heart rate and oxygen saturation difference (P < 0.01). The smallest cadaver was associated with shortest latency (P < 0.01) and least caretaker oxygen saturation difference (P < 0.001). The MDS was associated with shortest latency (P < 0.01), and lower heart rate differences than the SKED (P = 0.01). Oxygen saturation did not differ for handling tool. Interestingly, caretakers scored SKED and SLED as easiest for moving all cadavers. In conclusion, the MDS did not have any restraints, so when moving the cadavers they would slide off, and legs and heads became impeded in the alley gates preventing smooth transition. Therefore, the SKED and SLED would be recommended as practical handling tools to move grow-finish pig cadavers on-farm.
PSII-12 The effects of lift crates on sow performance and litter survival
Authors: Obermier Dalton R , Knauer Mark , Graham Amanda , Frobose Hyatt 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In modern sow farms, pre-weaning mortality (PWM) remains a key barrier to achieving peak productivity and optimizing piglet welfare. Therefore, a total of 270 sows (PIC 1050, 3.6 average parity) were used (May to July 2018) to determine the effect of lift crates in farrowing on sow and piglet performance and litter survival in a commercial setting in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Lift crates are driven by postural changes in the sow which activate a hydraulic lift system (Balance Frame; NOOYEN, Deurne, NL) which temporarily raises a movable sow slat 25 cm above the crate floor. Sows were randomly assigned to 2.44 m × 1.83 m farrowing crates that were 1) conventional or 2) lift crates. Within rooms, litters were standardized to 13 or 14 pigs within 24 h after parturition. Daily sow feed intake was measured using electronic lactation feeders (Gestal SOLO; JYGA Technologies, Inc.). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (Cary, NC). Sow was the experimental unit. No differences (P > 0.22) were observed for number born alive, stillbirths or mummified fetuses. Sow backfat loss (2.2 vs. 2.5 mm), average daily feed intake (5.67 vs. 5.74 kg) and wean-to-estrus interval (5.27 vs. 5.62 d) were similar (P > 0.16) between conventional and lift crate treatments. However, from birth to cross-fostering, lift crates reduced (P < 0.01) piglet deaths by 55% when compared to conventional crates (0.58 vs. 0.32 piglets). Piglet deaths from cross-fostering to weaning did not differ (P = 0.18, 0.68 vs. 0.54 piglets). Number of pigs weaned (12.62 vs. 12.87) and suckled litter weaning weight (75.7 vs. 75.6 kg) did not differ (P > 0.11) across treatments. These results provide evidence that lift crates can reduce the number of piglet deaths and may improve PWM in sow farms.Keywords: crate, piglet, survival
PSVI-4 Assessment of undergraduate student learning in an animal science major
Authors: Winkel Shana , Burkey Thomas E , Brink Dennis , Karr Lisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
With changing demographics of undergraduate students in the animal science major, it is important to evaluate the curriculum and student learning. The objective of this study was to assess perceived knowledge gained by students in the animal science major. Students took a survey during a senior seminar course that was required for all majors to be taken in their last year of their degree program. Results of this evaluation have been compiled from years 2015–2017 with 253 students responding. There were no significant differences over time in the categories of: understanding, skills, attitudes, integration and knowledge based questions. A majority (62.3%) of the students reported a 3.01 GPA or above across all semesters. Results from all students surveyed indicate that enrolling in the animal science major improved the areas of their understanding, skills, attitudes, integration of learning and knowledge. Students noted a higher rate of understanding when applying biology and chemistry to life sciences and their animal sciences courses than in their biology and chemistry courses alone. The highest percentage (82 to 96.9%) of students noted a great deal of to a lot of improvement in understanding of specific animal science disciplines and terms. Students’ ability to recall what was previously taught has stayed steady through the years based on completion of posttest. While students are confident in how the animal science department has prepared them in certain aspects, a focus on bringing other science backgrounds into use during animal science class is not as strong. At the completion of their degree program, students were enthusiastic about animal science and confident in their future success in an animal science career (greater than 80% agreed). Addressing the strengths of the department will help students in understanding the benefits of the program as they progress through their degree.
PSI-21 The effects of kuromanin supplementation during oocyte maturation on the in vitro production of pig embryos
Authors: Mentler Miranda , Hicks Emma , Whitaker Brian D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The imbalance of reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidants impact oocyte matruation. Elderberries (Sambucus sp.) have been identified as possessing the ability to alleviate oxidative stress. An antioxidant class found in elderberry is anthocyanidin, which includes kuromanin. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of kuromanin supplementation to the media during oocyte maturation. Oocytes (n = 692, r=3) were supplemented with 100 or 200 μM kuromanin during 40-44 h of maturation and then evaluated at the end of maturation for the formation of reactive oxygen species, fertilization characteristics, and rates of embryonic cleavage and blastocyst development at 48 h and 144 h after IVF, respectively. There were no significant differences between no kuromanin supplementation and 100 μM kuromanin supplementation when comparing reactive oxygen species generation at the end of oocyte maturation. Supplementation of 200 μM kuromanin significantly increased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species generation in oocytes compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences between no kuromanin supplementation and 100 μM kuromanin supplementation when comparing penetration and polyspermic penetration rates and male pronuclear formation. Supplementation of 200 μM kuromanin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) penetration and polyspermic penetration rates and male pronuclear formation compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences between no kuromanin supplementation and 100 μM kuromanin supplementation when comparing the percentage of cleaved embryos by 48 h after IVF and the percentage of those reaching the blastocyst stage by 144 h after IVF. Supplementation of 200 μM kuromanin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the cleavage rates by 48 h after IVF and the blastocyst formation rates by 144 h after IVF compared to all other treatment groups. These results indicate that supplementing 200 μM kuromanin is detrimental to oocyte maturation and lower levels (100 μM) do not have a significant effect compared to not supplementing the oocytes when evaluating in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development characteristics.
PSI-7 Prevalence and distribution of Senecavirus A in United States swine feed mills
Authors: Ney Shannon P , Petrovan Vlad , Stewart Savannah C , Davis Shania , Niederwerder Megan C , Trinetta Valentina , Dritz Steve S , Woodworth Jason C , Rowland Bob , Paulk Chad B , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There is limited information about Senecavirus A (SVA) transmission in the feed supply chain. The objective of this experiment was to determine the prevalence and distribution of SVA in U.S. swine feed mills. A total of 375 samples were collected from 11 surfaces + one feed sample collected from 11 different feed mills in 8 different states. Due to the seasonality associated with pathogenic hazards, the same locations in feed mills were swabbed in Late Fall 2016, Winter 2016/17, and Summer 2017. Surfaces were swabbed according to the Centers for Disease Control protocols for collecting environmental samples using pre-moistened environmental swabs in 5 mL of neutralizing broth. Detection of SVA was performed via RT-PCR and reported in Cycle threshold (Ct). Data were analyzed using the freq procedure of SAS, with chi-square test to determine the prevalence of SVA within season or distribution among feed mill locations. Notably, no mills were manufacturing feed for SVA-positive herds at the time of analysis. Five of 375 samples analyzed positive for SVA, with Ct ranging from 37.4 to 39.9. There was a tendency (P = 0.069) for SVA prevalence to be greater in winter than late fall or summer. There was no detected impact (P = 0.409) of SVA distribution varying across location within feed mill. A sow farm being fed by the mill with SVA on worker shoes was subsequently diagnosed with SVA after the sample as collected. These results indicate that SVA was not widespread throughout the swine feed mills analyzed in this experiment. However, we are unaware of any other studies evaluating presence in feed mills. Little is known about SVV transmission, but the clinically affected farm fed out of the mill with SVV presence suggest further investigation, as feed or feed delivery may be a route of entry into farms.
Data Pollution
Authors: Ben-Shahar Omri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDigital information is the fuel of the new economy. But like the old economy’s carbon fuel, it also pollutes. Harmful “data emissions” are leaked into the digital ecosystem, disrupting social institutions and public interests. This article develops a novel framework—data pollution—to rethink the harms the data economy creates and the way they have to be regulated. It argues that social intervention should focus on the external harms from collection and misuse of personal data. The article challenges the hegemony of the prevailing view—that the injuries from digital data enterprise are exclusively private. That view has led lawmakers to focus solely on privacy protection as the regulatory objective. The article claims, instead, that a central problem in the digital economy has been largely ignored: how the information given by people affects others, and how it undermines and degrades public goods and interests. The data pollution concept offers a novel perspective why existing regulatory tools—torts, contracts, and disclosure law—are ineffective, mirroring their historical futility in curbing the harms from industrial pollution. The data pollution framework also opens up a rich roadmap for new regulatory devices—“an environmental law for data protection”—which focuses on controlling these external effects. The article examines how the tools used to control industrial pollution—production restrictions, carbon tax, and emissions liability—could be adapted to govern data pollution.
Founder Mutation c.1516A>C in KLHL40 Is a Frequent Cause of Nemaline Myopathy With Hyponatremia in Ethnic Chinese
Authors: Lee Han-Chih Hencher , Wong Shun , Leung Frank Ying-Kit , Ho Luen-Cheung , Chan Siu-Ki Timothy , Fung Tsui-Hang Sharon , Kwan Kwok-Fan , Yau Kin-Cheong Eric , Li Ka-Wah , Yau Wai-Nang , Leung Hoi-Ki Cynthia , Chen Sammy Pak-Lam , Mak Chloe Miu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
KLHL40-related nemaline myopathy is a severe autosomal recessive muscle disorder. The current study describes 4 cases of KLHL40-related nemaline myopathy in Hong Kong ethnic Chinese presenting within 3 years, which are confirmed with clinicopathologic features and genetic studies. The incidence is estimated to be at least 1 in 45 226 livebirths (at least 1 in 41 608 among ethnic Chinese livebirths) in Hong Kong. Hyponatremia appears to be another common feature in these patients. Salient histological features include nemaline bodies ranging from 200 to 500 nm in diameters on ultrastructural examination as well as negative KLHL40 immunohistochemistry; type II fiber predominance is obvious in 2 cases. We demonstrate the founder effect associated with genetic variant c.1516A>C (p.Thr506Pro) by polymorphic marker analysis, which revealed a 0.56–0.75-Mb or 0.41–0.78-cM shared haplotype encompassing the disease allele. The mutation is believed to have occurred around 412 generations ago or 6220 BCE, as estimated using DMLE+ and a formula described by Boehnke. We believe the founder variant might possibly underlie a sizable portion of nemaline myopathy in ethnic Chinese. Analysis of the KLHL40 gene may be considered as the first-tier testing of congenital myopathy in this ethnic group.
Myeloid sarcoma resulting in a small bowel obstruction with multiple site involvement including ileum and appendix
Authors: Yoshida Miya , Ogami Takuya , Morgenstern Nora , Du Litong 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extra-medullary solid tumor of immature myeloid cells. While it can be an isolated diagnosis, MS is frequently associated with acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic disorders. Although there have been few cases documented that demonstrate the presence of MS in multiple organs at presentation, concomitant involvement of ileum and appendix has never been described. We treated a patient who presented with a small bowel obstruction at the ileum secondary to MS with involvement of the appendix. The patient subsequently underwent a bone marrow biopsy which was negative for evidence of leukemia. He began treatment with induction chemotherapy.
Accurate Tracking of the Mutational Landscape of Diploid Hybrid Genomes
Authors: Tattini Lorenzo , Tellini Nicolò , Mozzachiodi Simone , D’Angiolo Melania , Loeillet Sophie , Nicolas Alain , Liti Gianni 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mutations, recombinations, and genome duplications may promote genetic diversity and trigger evolutionary processes. However, quantifying these events in diploid hybrid genomes is challenging. Here, we present an integrated experimental and computational workflow to accurately track the mutational landscape of yeast diploid hybrids (MuLoYDH) in terms of single-nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, copy-number variants, aneuploidies, and loss-of-heterozygosity. Pairs of haploid Saccharomyces parents were combined to generate ancestor hybrids with phased genomes and varying levels of heterozygosity. These diploids were evolved under different laboratory protocols, in particular mutation accumulation experiments. Variant simulations enabled the efficient integration of competitive and standard mapping of short reads, depending on local levels of heterozygosity. Experimental validations proved the high accuracy and resolution of our computational approach. Finally, applying MuLoYDH to four different diploids revealed striking genetic background effects. Homozygous Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed a ∼4-fold higher mutation rate compared with its closely related species S. paradoxus. Intraspecies hybrids unveiled that a substantial fraction of the genome (∼250 bp per generation) was shaped by loss-of-heterozygosity, a process strongly inhibited in interspecies hybrids by high levels of sequence divergence between homologous chromosomes. In contrast, interspecies hybrids exhibited higher single-nucleotide mutation rates compared with intraspecies hybrids. MuLoYDH provided an unprecedented quantitative insight into the evolutionary processes that mold diploid yeast genomes and can be generalized to other genetic systems.
NFAT2-HDAC1 signaling contributes to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma
Authors: Song Yifu , Jiang Yang , Tao Dongxia , Wang Zixun , Wang Run , Wang Minghao , Han Sheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Deregulation of the nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) pathway has been reported in several human cancers. Particularly, NFAT2 is involved in the malignant transformation of tumor cells and is identified as an oncogene. However, the role of NFAT2 in glioblastoma (GBM) is largely unknown.

Methods
The expression and prognostic value of NFAT2 were examined in the databases of the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and clinical samples. The functional effects of silencing or overexpression of NFAT2 were evaluated in glioma stem cell (GSC) viability, invasion, and self-renewal in vitro and in tumorigenicity in vivo. The downstream target of NFAT2 was investigated.

Results
High NFAT2 expression was significantly associated with mesenchymal (MES) subtype and recurrent GBM and predicted poor survival. NFAT2 silencing inhibited the invasion and clonogenicity of MES GSC-enriched spheres in vitro and in vivo. NFAT2 overexpression promoted tumor growth and MES differentiation of GSCs. A TCGA database search showed that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression was significantly correlated with that of NFAT2. NFAT2 regulates the transcriptional activity of HDAC1. Rescue of HDAC1 in NFAT2-knockdown GSCs partially restored tumor growth and MES phenotype. Loss of NFAT2 and HDAC1 expression resulted in hyperacetylation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), which inhibits NF-κB–dependent transcriptional activity.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the NFAT2-HDAC1 pathway might play an important role in the maintenance of the malignant phenotype and promote MES transition in GSCs, which provide potential molecular targets for the treatment of GBMs.
Prioritizing natural-selection signals from the deep-sequencing genomic data suggests multi-variant adaptation in Tibetan highlanders
Authors: Deng Lian , Zhang Chao , Yuan Kai , Gao Yang , Pan Yuwen , Ge Xueling , He Yaoxi , Yuan Yuan , Lu Yan , Zhang Xiaoxi , Chen Hao , Lou Haiyi , Wang Xiaoji , Lu Dongsheng , Liu Jiaojiao , Tian Lei , Feng Qidi , Khan Asifullah , Yang Yajun , Jin Zi-Bing , Yang Jian , Lu Fan , Qu Jia , Kang Longli , Su Bing , Xu Shuhua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman genetic adaptation to high altitudes (&gt;2500 m) has been extensively studied over the last few years, but few functional adaptive genetic variants have been identified, largely owing to the lack of deep-genome sequencing data available to previous studies. Here, we build a list of putative adaptive variants, including 63 missense, 7 loss-of-function, 1,298 evolutionarily conserved variants and 509 expression quantitative traits loci. Notably, the top signal of selection is located in TMEM247, a transmembrane protein-coding gene. The Tibetan version of TMEM247 harbors one high-frequency (76.3%) missense variant, rs116983452 (c.248C &gt; T; p.Ala83Val), with the T allele derived from archaic ancestry and carried by &gt;94% of Tibetans but absent or in low frequencies (&lt;3%) in non-Tibetan populations. The rs116983452-T is strongly and positively correlated with altitude and significantly associated with reduced hemoglobin concentration (p = 5.78 × 10−5), red blood cell count (p = 5.72 × 10−7) and hematocrit (p = 2.57 × 10−6). In particular, TMEM247-rs116983452 shows greater effect size and better predicts the phenotypic outcome than any EPAS1 variants in association with adaptive traits in Tibetans. Modeling the interaction between TMEM247-rs116983452 and EPAS1 variants indicates weak but statistically significant epistatic effects. Our results support that multiple variants may jointly deliver the fitness of the Tibetans on the plateau, where a complex model is needed to elucidate the adaptive evolution mechanism.
Multidimensional Developments and Free-Play Movement Tracking in 30- to 36-Month-Old Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Were Full Term
Authors: Yang Yu-Ching , Lu Lu , Jeng Suh-Fang , Tsao Po-Nien , Cheong Pou-Leng , Li Yao-Jen , Wang Shih-Ya , Huang Hsiao-Ching , Wu Yen-Tzu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated multidimensional developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with an early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).ObjectiveThis study compared cognitive, motor, and behavioral developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with ASD who were full term (FT-ASD), toddlers who were full term and are typically developing (FT-TD), and toddlers who were born preterm and had a very low birth weight (VLBW-PT).DesignThis was a prospective cross-sectional study.MethodsForty-five 30- to 36-month-old age-matched toddlers were recruited and divided into FT-ASD, FT-TD, and VLBW-PT groups. Their developments were examined using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning; the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition; the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5 to 5; and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. In addition, the toddlers’ free-play movements were tracked in laboratory settings using an automatic movement tracking system.ResultsToddlers with FT-ASD exhibited lower cognitive and motor scores and a higher degree of behavioral problems compared with toddlers with FT-TD or VLBW-PT. Furthermore, the movement tracking data in a free-play setting revealed that toddlers with FT-ASD displayed a higher degree of turning velocity, a higher moving time, and a higher frequency of moving toward the peripheral region compared with toddlers with FT-TD or VLBW-PT. Moreover, several motor developmental and movement-tracking indicators were found to correlate with behavioral problems and cognitive scores in toddlers with FT-ASD.LimitationsThe study results may have been affected by the small sample size, the cross-sectional design, and tracking only the whole body without subtle movements or segmental motions.ConclusionsThe findings suggest varied aspects of co-occurring developmental conditions and movement-based problems in toddlers with FT-ASD. Using standardized and sensitive measures for the early assessment of perceptuo-motor impairments is necessary for timely early intervention for such toddlers.