bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant Based on Poly(Acrylic Acid) Obtained by Redox‐Initiated Polymerization
Authors: Gutierrez Carolina G. , Cáceres Montenegro Gerardo , Minari Roque J. , Vega Jorge R. , Gugliotta Luis M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLow molar mass poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is generally obtained by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in aqueous solution, using thermal initiators and some chain transfer agent. However, under such conditions it is rather difficult to efficiently produce molar masses as low as those required for obtaining an effective dispersant. In this work, the semibatch polymerization of AA at 45 °C is considered, using potassium persulfate (KPS) and sodium metabisulfite (KPS/NaMBS), or alternatively KPS and sodium hypophosphite (KPS/NaHP) as redox initiators to produce PAA of controlled low molar masses. These initiation systems allow the production of PAA with Mn as low as 2.0 kDa, relatively narrow molar mass distribution (1.5 < Mw/Mn < 3.0), and low branching degree. Most of the investigated polymerizations reach almost complete conversions (>95%); and it is verified that both reductants, NaMBS and NaHP, also behave as chain transfer agents. Finally, the investigated process with redox couples allowed the production of PAA with acceptable dispersant and antiscaling properties.
Free‐running 3D whole heart myocardial T1 mapping with isotropic spatial resolution
Authors: Qi Haikun , Jaubert Olivier , Bustin Aurelien , Cruz Gastao , Chen Huijun , Botnar René , Prieto Claudia 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo develop a free‐running (free‐breathing, retrospective cardiac gating) 3D myocardial T1 mapping with isotropic spatial resolution.MethodsThe free‐running sequence is inversion recovery (IR)‐prepared followed by continuous 3D golden angle radial data acquisition. 1D respiratory motion signal is extracted from the k‐space center of all spokes and used to bin the k‐space data into different respiratory states, enabling estimation and correction of 3D translational respiratory motion, whereas cardiac motion is recorded using electrocardiography and synchronized with data acquisition. 3D translational respiratory motion compensated T1 maps at diastole and systole were generated with 1.5 mm isotropic spatial resolution with low‐rank inversion and high‐dimensionality patch‐based undersampled reconstruction. The technique was validated against conventional methods in phantom and 9 healthy subjects.ResultsPhantom results demonstrated good agreement (R2 = 0.99) of T1 estimation with reference method. Homogeneous systolic and diastolic 3D T1 maps were reconstructed from the proposed technique. Diastolic septal T1 estimated with the proposed method (1140 ± 36 ms) was comparable to the saturation recovery single‐shot acquisition (SASHA) sequence (1153 ± 49 ms), but was higher than the modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence (1037 ± 33 ms). Precision of the proposed method (42 ± 8 ms) was comparable to MOLLI (41 ± 7 ms) and improved with respect to SASHA (87 ± 19 ms).ConclusionsThe proposed free‐running whole heart T1 mapping method allows for reconstruction of isotropic resolution 3D T1 maps at different cardiac phases, serving as a promising tool for whole heart myocardial tissue characterization.
Alpha‐blockers for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. A report from the Neuro‐Urology Promotion Committee of the International Continence Society (ICS)
Authors: Schneider Marc P. , Tornic Jure , Sýkora Radek , Abo Youssef Nadim , Mordasini Livio , Krhut Jan , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Davies Melissa , Gajewski Jerzy , Schurch Brigitte , Bachmann Lucas M. , Kessler Thomas M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimWe aimed to systematically assess the evidence on the efficacy and safety of alpha‐blockers in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffering from neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD).MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to perform this systematic review. An electronic search of Cochrane register, Embase, Medline, Scopus (last search 3 March 2018) and screening of reference lists as well as reviews were used to identify the studies. Articles were included if they reported on efficacy/safety of alpha‐blockers for the treatment of NLUTD in patients with MS.ResultsAfter screening of 7′015 abstracts, three studies enrolling a total of 50 patients were included: one randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐blind trial and two prospective cohort studies. Alpha‐blocker treatment was successful in 50% to 96% of the patients. Pooling data from the three included studies, the relative risk for successful alpha‐blocker treatment was 3.89 (95% confidence interval 2.7‐7.0). The general safety profile of alpha‐blockers was favorable with 8% of the patients reporting adverse events.ConclusionsAlpha‐blockers may be effective and safe for treating NLUTD in female and male patients with MS but the studies were small and the overall quality of evidence was low. To make definitive conclusions, well designed randomized controlled trials are highly warranted.
Toileting difficulties in older people with and without dementia receiving formal in‐home care—A longitudinal study
Authors: Grimsland Frida , Seim Arnfinn , Borza Tom , Helvik Anne‐Sofie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo estimate the prevalence of toileting difficulties over time among older people (≥70 years) with and without dementia receiving formal in‐home care at baseline and to explore whether dementia at baseline was associated with toileting difficulties at the last assessment when adjusting for relevant covariates. We hypothesize that those with dementia have a higher prevalence and that baseline dementia is associated with toileting difficulties at last follow‐up.DesignA longitudinal observational study with three assessments over 36 months. Older people (≥70 years) from 19 Norwegian municipalities with in‐home care needs were included. The participants and their next of kin were interviewed.MethodIn total, 1,001 (68% women) persons with a mean (SD) age 83.4 (5.7) years participated at baseline. Toileting difficulties were assessed using Lawton and Brody's Physical Self‐Maintenance Scale and Individual Nursing and Care Statistics. Information on physical comorbidity, number of prescribed drugs, cognitive function and formal care given was included. Dementia was diagnosed based on all information gathered.ResultsAt all time points, toileting difficulties were more prevalent in people with than without dementia. In adjusted analyses, dementia at baseline was associated with toileting difficulties at the last assessment. Nursing home admission was associated with increased odds for toileting difficulties.
Customized approach for upfront or delayed resection using radiological criteria in unilateral, nonmetastatic pediatric renal tumors: A prospective study
Authors: Qureshi Sajid S. , Kembhavi Seema A. , Bhagat Monica , Kapadia Tejas , Prasad Maya , Vora Tushar , Chinnaswamy Girish , Ramadwar Mukta , Laskar Siddhartha , Khanna Nehal , Baheti Akshay , Shah Sneha , Kurkure Purna , Talole Sanjay 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe availability of robust, equivalent data regarding outcomes for upfront or delayed surgery for renal tumors in children leads to a dilemma in selecting the initial treatment. Imaging criteria associated with the probability of rupture or incomplete resection may provide a more objective assessment for customization for the timing of surgery.ProcedureEighty‐three children with unilateral, nonmetastatic renal tumors were enrolled between January 2012 and April 2018. Upfront nephrectomy was performed in the absence or delayed surgery (after a biopsy and chemotherapy) in the presence of one or more imaging‐based high‐risk features, including perinephric spread or adjacent organ infiltration, tumors crossing the midline, intravascular thrombus, and extensive adenopathy. Post hoc analysis for interobserver concordance for high‐risk imaging features was also performed.ResultsThe upfront surgery group (19) had predominantly stage I or II diseases (89%) and the histological types were Wilms (13), non‐Wilms (5) renal tumor, and an inflammatory lesion. The delayed surgery group had 60% with stage I or II diseases and the histological types were Wilms (60) and non‐Wilms (4) tumor. In addition, high‐risk pathology was identified in nine patients. Overall, 27 patients with Wilms tumors required radiotherapy and anthracycline because of stage III disease, including one in the immediate surgery group. The event‐free and overall survival (OS) at a median follow‐up of 39 months for Wilms tumor are 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.5‐94.9%) and 89% (95% CI: 81.4‐96.6%), 85.1% (95% CI: 73.8‐93.4%) and 86.5% (95% CI: 77.4‐95.8%) for the delayed, and 100% event‐free survival as well as OS (P = .1) in the upfront surgery group.ConclusionA customized approach pivoted on image‐based high‐risk features facilitates identification of patients with early‐stage renal tumor when the timing of surgery is tailored. Moreover, non‐Wilms tumor and high‐risk pathology are also identified.
Paraffin/CuO nanocomposites as phase change materials: Effect of surface modification of CuO
Authors: Noori Mohammad M. , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Azizi Hamed , Ghaffari Mehdi , Arjmand Mohammad , Jafari Seyed H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this research, different loadings of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (0.5, 1 and 3 wt%) were utilized to fortify the thermal conductivity of paraffin. In order to improve dispersion and inhibit nanofiller agglomeration, the surface of CuO nanoparticles was treated with trimethoxy octadecyl silane. Surface treatment of CuO nanoparticles was validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the samples loaded with the surface treated CuO had proper dispersion, even up to 3 wt% of loading. Rheological results showed that CuO inclusion and particularly its treatment increased the viscosity of paraffin. Differential scanning calorimetry results exhibited that latent heat of pure paraffin slightly diminished by inclusion of untreated CuO nanoparticles, while inclusion of the treated nanoparticles led to less reduction in latent heat of paraffin. The thermal conductivity (KD2 test) results revealed that CuO inclusion, particularly the treated CuO, increased the thermal conductivity of paraffin over 2‐fold. All in all, this research study corroborates the potential of the treated CuO nanoparticles to produce paraffin‐based composite phase change materials with improved performance.
Nano silver imprinted graphene oxide as catalyst in reduction of 4‐nitrophenol
Authors: Sahu Deepak , Sarkar Niladri , Sahoo Gyanaranjan , Mohapatra Priyaranjan , Swain Sarat K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, a low‐cost and eco‐friendly approach is adopted for the synthesis of L‐cysteine–assisted silver/reduced graphene oxide (L‐cys‐rGO/Ag) nanocomposites using sodium citrate as reducing agent. The morphology of graphene oxide (GO) and L‐cys‐rGO/Ag nanocomposites are studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The strong interactions of rGO/Ag with L‐cysteine are established by Fourier transferred infrared (FTIR) study. The average diameter of dispersed Ag NPs is 40 to 70 nm, which is evidenced by transmission electron microscope (TEM). In the preparation of L‐cys‐rGO/Ag nanocomposites, both GO and L‐cysteine are used as supporting and stabilising media to avoid the unexpected agglomeration in the in situ formed Ag NPs and to get high surface area in the nanocomposites. The excellent behaviour of L‐cys‐rGO/Ag nanocomposites acting as a heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol with NaBH4 is achieved that is due to the high adsorption of reactant on the surface rGO and more transfers of electron from rGO to Ag NPs. Beside this, L‐cys‐rGO/Ag nanocatalyst can be reused several times with negligible loss of catalytic efficiency. Further, the as‐synthesised nanocomposites show good antioxidant behaviour.
Classifying formulations of crosslinked polyethylene pipe by applying machine‐learning concepts to infrared spectra
Authors: Hiles Melanie , Grossutti Michael , Dutcher John R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCrosslinked polyethylene (PEX‐a) pipes are emerging as promising replacements for traditional metal or concrete pipes used for water, gas, and sewage transport. Understanding the relationship between pipe formulation and performance is critical to their proper design and implementation. We have developed a methodology using principal component analysis (PCA) and the machine learning techniques of k‐means clustering and support vector machines (SVM) to compare and classify different PEX‐a pipe formulations based on characteristic infrared (IR) spectroscopy absorbance peaks. The application of PCA revealed that a large percentage (89%) of the total variance could be explained by the first three principal components (PC1‐PC3), with distinct clustering of the data for each formulation. By examining the contribution of the individual IR bands to the PCs, we determined that PC1 could be attributed to different peroxide crosslinkers, whereas PC2 and PC3 could be attributed to differences in the additives. Using the PCA results as input to k‐means clustering and SVM resulted in very high accuracy of classifying the different pipe formulations. Our approach highlights the advantages of using PCA and machine learning techniques to characterize different formulations of PEX‐a pipes, which is important to achieve a detailed understanding of the pipe formulation and manufacturing process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1255–1262
Morphology, mechanical, and water transport properties of melt blended EVOH/PVOH films
Authors: Blanchard Anthony , Gouanvé Fabrice , Espuche Eliane 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTHerein, we report for the first time the successful preparation of ethylene–vinyl alcohol (EVOH)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) blends by a melt blending process for PVOH volume content ranging from 0 to 30%. Thermal stability up to 270 °C was maintained for all blends. The blends morphology consisted in spherical low size PVOH domains homogeneously dispersed in the EVOH matrix with good interfacial properties. An increase of the mean size of the PVOH domains (from 0.3 to 1.2 μm) and of the size distribution was evidenced as the PVOH content increased. The contribution of each phase to the water sorption and diffusion was clearly demonstrated. The impact of water uptake was investigated on the chains mobility by using Gordon–Taylor law and on the mechanical properties of the blends with respect to the reference polymers. It was pointed out that the reinforcing effect of PVOH phase decreased as the water activity increased. However, a significant elongation at break was maintained, underlining the major role played by the EVOH continuous phase at high water activity. Finally, it was shown that adding PVOH to EVOH up to 15 vol % allowed strengthening the material at low water activity and keeping interesting elongation at break and barrier properties at high water activity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 838–850
Piloting a parent and patient decision aid to support clinical trial decision making in childhood cancer
Authors: Robertson Eden G. , Wakefield Claire E. , Cohn Richard J. , Battisti Robert A. , Donoghoe Mark W. , Ziegler David S. , Fardell Joanna E. , Mitchell Richard , O'Brien Tracey A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveFamilies of a child with cancer can find the decision to enrol in a clinical trial challenging and often misunderstand key concepts that underpin trials. We pilot tested “Delta,” an online and booklet decision aid for parents with a child with cancer, and adolescents with cancer, deciding whether or not to enrol in a clinical trial.MethodsWe developed Delta in accordance with the International Patient Decision Aid Standards. We conducted a pre‐post pilot with parents with a child, and adolescents, who had enrolled in a paediatric phase III clinical trial for newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Parents (n = 37) and adolescents (n = 3) completed a questionnaire before and after using Delta (either the website or booklet, based on their preference).ResultsTwenty‐three parents (62.2%) and three adolescents (100%) reviewed the Delta website. Parents rated Delta as highly acceptable in regard to being clearly presented, informative, easy to read, useful, visually appealing, and easy to use. All participants reported that they would recommend Delta to others and that it would have been useful when making their decision. Parents' subjective (Mdiff=10.8, SDdiff = 15.69, P < .001) and objective (OR = 2.25, 95% CI, 1.66‐3.04; P < .001) clinical trial knowledge increased significantly after reviewing Delta.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, Delta is the first reported decision aid, available online and as a booklet, for parents and adolescents deciding whether or not to enrol in a paediatric oncology clinical trial. Our study suggests that Delta is acceptable, feasible, and potentially useful.
Potential role of exosomes in cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Ya jing , Xie Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCancer is a major public health problem, and >18.1 million new cancer cases are diagnosed annually. Cancer can be treated with the help of several methods, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Chemoresistance causes disease relapse and metastasis, and is a main obstacle to cancer therapy. The function of exosomes has been recently highlighted in cancer treatment and therapeutic resistance. Exosomes, described as nanovesicles secreted by multiple mammalian cell types, play important roles in intercellular communication by acting as carriers of functional contents, such as proteins, non‐coding RNA (miRNA, lncRNA), mRNAs, and lipids. In addition, exosomes might participate in cancer therapeutic resistance. The present review aimed to describe the function of exosomes in different types of cancer, with emphasis on their role in chemoresistance, hoping to provide novel insights on their implications in cancer therapy.
Ordering chemical unicyclic graphs by Wiener polarity index
Authors: Ghalavand Ali , Ashrafi Ali R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSuppose G is a chemical graph with vertex set V(G). Define D(G) = {{u, v} ⊆ V (G) | d
G
(u, v) = 3}, where d
G
(u, v) denotes the length of the shortest path between u and v. The Wiener polarity index of G, W
p
(G), is defined as the size of D(G). In this article, an ordering of chemical unicyclic graphs of order n with respect to the Wiener polarity index is given.
On‐Chip Integration of Single Photon Sources via Evanescent Coupling of Tapered Nanowires to SiN Waveguides
Authors: Mnaymneh Khaled , Dalacu Dan , McKee Joseph , Lapointe Jean , Haffouz Sofiane , Weber John F. , Northeast David B. , Poole Philip J. , Aers Geof C. , Williams Robin L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA method to integrate nanowire‐based quantum dot single photon sources on‐chip using evanescent coupling is demonstrated. By deterministically placing an appropriately tapered III‐V nanowire, containing a single quantum dot, on top of a silicon‐based ridge waveguide, the quantum dot emission directed toward the taper can be transferred to the ridge waveguide with calculated efficiencies close to 100%. As the evanescent coupling is bidirectional, the source can be optically pumped in both free‐space and through the ridge waveguide. The latter configuration paves the way toward a self‐contained, all‐fiber, plug‐and‐play solution for applications requiring a bright on‐demand single photon source. Using InAsP quantum dots embedded in InP nanowire waveguides, coupling efficiencies to a SiN ridge waveguide of 74% with a single photon purity of 97% are demonstrated. The technique to demonstrate deterministic placement of single quantum emitters onto pre‐fabricated waveguides is used, an important step toward the fabrication of complex quantum photonic circuits.
Dengue viruses circulating in Indonesia: A systematic review and phylogenetic analysis of data from five decades
Authors: Harapan Harapan , Michie Alice , Yohan Benediktus , Shu Pei‐Yun , Mudatsir Mudatsir , Sasmono R. Tedjo , Imrie Allison 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAlthough epidemiological and molecular epidemiological (serotype, genotype, and lineage information) data are available for several major cities in Indonesia, there is yet to be a comprehensive national study of dengue in Indonesia over time. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive epidemiology of circulating dengue viruses (DENV) in Indonesia between 1973 and 2016. This was conducted through a systematic review of the literature and phylogenetic analysis of available DENV sequences. Available data from National Disease Surveillance System have indicated an increasing trend of dengue incidence in Indonesia over the past 50 years. Incidence rates appear to be cyclic, peaking approximately every 6 to 8 years. In contrast, the case fatality rate has decreased approximately by half with each decade since 1980. Over this 50‐year time span, serotype shifts, genotype displacement within DENV‐1 and DENV‐2, and introduction of DENV‐1 and DENV‐3 genotype from other countries occurred. These events were associated with increased incidence of dengue cases. Our study also provides a valuable national snapshot of DENV genetic diversity in Indonesia that may contribute to development of more effective dengue vaccine compositions for the region.
Controllable P‐ and N‐Type Conversion of MoTe2 via Oxide Interfacial Layer for Logic Circuits
Authors: Park Yong Ju , Katiyar Ajit K. , Hoang Anh Tuan , Ahn Jong‐Hyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo realize basic electronic units such as complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverters and other logic circuits, the selective and controllable fabrication of p‐ and n‐type transistors with a low Schottky barrier height is highly desirable. Herein, an efficient and nondestructive technique of electron‐charge transfer doping by depositing a thin Al2O3 layer on chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown 2H‐MoTe2 is utilized to tune the doping from p‐ to n‐type. Moreover, a type‐controllable MoTe2 transistor with a low Schottky barrier height is prepared. The selectively converted n‐type MoTe2 transistor from the p‐channel exhibits a maximum on‐state current of 10 µA, with a higher electron mobility of 8.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a drain voltage (Vds) of 1 V with a low Schottky barrier height of 28.4 meV. To validate the aforementioned approach, a prototype homogeneous CMOS inverter is fabricated on a CVD‐grown 2H‐MoTe2 single crystal. The proposed inverter exhibits a high DC voltage gain of 9.2 with good dynamic behavior up to a modulation frequency of 1 kHz. The proposed approach may have potential for realizing future 2D transition metal dichalcogenide‐based efficient and ultrafast electronic units with high‐density circuit components under a low‐dimensional regime.