bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A promising recovery housing model for American Indian communities
Authors: Jason Leonard A. , Kassanits Jessica , Reilly Angela , Bobak Ted , Guerrero Mayra , Stevens Ed , Light John M. , Doogan Nathan J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 2016, two Oxford House (OH) recovery homes were established for the Suquamish Tribal reservation. A group of researchers interviewed house members and key individuals responsible for the creation of these two unique OHs. Because American Indians are an at‐risk population for substance use disorders, our study explored whether an OH‐type recovery home model could be successfully adapted to this population, given the specific nature of tribal cultures. Findings indicated that the residents, composed of both American Indians and non‐American Indians, found these OHs to be supportive of recovery in general and with the values of American Indians. The tribal community's positive attitudes toward these recovery homes may have been due to similarities between the Suquamish Tribal Government and OH's democratic structures, with all individuals having a voice in the decision making process. The overall findings suggest that these types of culturally modified recovery settings on American Indian tribal lands could be an important resource for individuals dealing with substance use disorders.
Solid phase microextraction as a powerful alternative for screening of secondary metabolites in actinomycetes
Authors: Acquaro Junior Vinicius Ricardo , Rodrigues Júlia Pereira , Moraes Luiz Alberto Beraldo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractActinobacteria are one of the most promising producers of medically and industrially relevant secondary metabolites. However, screening of such compounds in actinobacteria growth demands simple, fast, and efficient extraction procedures that enable detection and precise quantification of biologically active compounds. In this regard, solid phase microextraction (SPME) emerges as an ideal extraction technique for screening of secondary metabolites in bacteria culture due to its non‐exhaustive, minimally invasive, and non‐destructive nature: its integrated sample preparation workflow; balanced coverage feature; metabolism quenching capabilities; and superior cleanup, as well as its versatility in configuration, which enables automation and high throughput applications. The current work provides a comparison of micro‐scale and direct immersion SPME (DI‐SPME) for screening of secondary metabolites, describes the optimization of the developed DI‐SPME method, and introduces the developed technique for mapping of target secondary metabolites as well as its direct coupling to mass spectrometry for such applications. The optimized DI‐SPME method provided higher amounts of extracted ions and intensity signals, yielding superior extraction and desorption efficiency as compared with micro‐scale extraction. Studied compounds presented stability on the coating for 24 h at room temperature. The DI‐SPME mapping approach revealed that lysolipin I and the lienomycin analog are distributed along the center and edges of the colony, respectively. Direct coupling of SPME to MS provided a similar ions profile as SPME‐LC‐MS while enabling a significant decrease in analysis time, demonstrating its suitability for such applications. DI‐SPME is herein presented as an alternative to micro‐scale extraction for screening of secondary metabolites in actinobacteria solid medium, as well as a feasible alternative to DESI‐IMS for mapping of biologic radial distribution of secondary metabolites and cell life cycle studies. Lastly, the direct coupling of DI‐SPME to MS is presented as a fast, powerful technique for high throughput analysis of secondary metabolites in this medium.
Extracellular matrix‐based scaffolding technologies for periodontal and peri‐implant soft tissue regeneration
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , McGuire Michael K. , Zucchelli Giovanni , Rasperini Giulio , Feinberg Stephen E. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Giannobile William V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe present article focuses on the properties and indications of scaffold‐based extracellular matrix (ECM) technologies as alternatives to autogenous soft tissue grafts for periodontal and peri‐implant plastic surgical reconstruction. The different processing methods for the creation of cell‐free constructs resulting in preservation of the extracellular matrices influence the characteristics and behavior of scaffolding biomaterials. The aim of this review is to discuss the properties, clinical application, and limitations of ECM‐based scaffold technologies in periodontal and peri‐implant soft tissue augmentation when used as alternatives to autogenous soft tissue grafts.
Analysis of cold spray‐coated boiler‐tube material in a chlorine‐based corrosive environment at 900°C
Authors: Singh Harminder , Kalsi Sukhminderbir Singh , Sidhu Tejinder Singh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnergy generation, especially through waste incinerators is the need of the hour, as it serves the dual purpose of waste management and enhances the energy bank. However, mainly because of the presence of chlorine elements in the waste, there is an extensive corrosive failure of incinerator components utilized for energy generation. Therefore, there is need to work on enhancing the material life in these or similar plants, which will further increase plant efficiency. In this study, a corrosion‐resistant coating of 75%Cr3C2–25%NiCr is tested in a Na2SO4–10%NaCl environment at 900°C under cyclic conditions. The 289‐μm‐thick cold spray‐coating was dense (porosity, 0.925%), hard (average, 866 HV) and smooth with a surface roughness of 6.07 μm. Tribology tests on the pin‐on‐disc machine gave an average mean friction coefficient of 0.071 ± 0.006. The coating microstructure developed shows corrosion protective ability under chlorine‐containing high‐temperature conditions, with an overall weight gain of 10.235 mg/cm2, which is 60.9% less in comparison to the 26.177 mg/cm2 shown by the bare alloy. The coating acts as a shield to the substrate against corrosion attack.
Electrochemical assessment of laser heat treatment of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy
Authors: Wang Kaining , Su Ruiming , Liu Tong , Qu Yingdong , Li Rongde 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe effect of laser heat treatment on the corrosion properties of the 7075 aluminum alloy was studied electrochemically. Laser retrogression and re‐aging (LRRA) is proposed to replace the retrogression treatment of retrogression and re‐aging. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the microstructure of the alloy. The corrosion of the alloy treated using different LRRA parameters was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Using the polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, it was concluded that the best corrosion resistance was obtained by the alloy treated at 2 mm/s with a laser power of 650 W. The spacing between the precipitate‐free zone and grain boundary precipitates increased. It is proved that the laser process can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the 7075 alloy.
SET‐LRP Synthesis of Well‐Defined Light‐Responsible Block Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Sedlacek Ondrej , Filippov Sergey K. , Svec Pavel , Hruby Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of well‐defined light‐sensitive amphiphilic diblock copolymers consisting of UV‐responsive poly(2‐nitrobenzyl acrylate) (PNBA) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks is reported. This is achieved by a single electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of 2‐nitrobenzyl acrylate monomer initiated by PEO‐containing macroinitiator. Despite several reports on PEO‐b‐PNBA copolymers, this is the first time the PNBA block is synthesized by a controlled radical polymerization leading to the copolymers with low dispersity (Ð = 1.10). In water, the copolymers self‐assemble into well‐defined micelles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 25 nm. Upon irradiation with UV‐light, the PNBA units degrade to hydrophilic poly(acrylate) resulting in disassembly of the micelles. Considering the robustness of the reported synthetic protocol, the prepared polymers represent an interesting platform for the construction of new stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems.
Influence of validating the parental origin on the clinical interpretation of fetal copy number variations in 141 core family cases
Authors: Shi Panlai , Li Rui , Wang Conghui , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe sources and variants types of the copy number variations (CNVs) in prenatal fetal, and the critical role of parental origin on the interpretation of fetal CNVs are unclear.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐one prenatal core families with abnormal CNVs were selected and performed by low‐coverage massively parallel CNV sequencing (CNV‐seq).ResultsThe data showed that 72.3% of fetal CNVs were derived from parents, and 27.7% were new variations. Sixty‐three cases were heterozygous deletion, 70 cases were threefold duplication, six cases were complex deletion and duplication, and two cases were fourfold repeats. That means the rate of heterozygous deletion and duplication was approximate one. In addition, in parental‐derived fetal abnormal CNVs reports, before validating parental origin, 62 CNVs were variants of uncertain significance (VUS), 15 CNVs were likely benign, 20 CNVs were likely pathogenic, and 5 CNVs were pathogenic. However, after validating parental origin, the total clinical significance changed into 12 VUS, 89 likely benign, 1 likely pathogenic, and 0 pathogenic. The clinical interpretation of 78.4% fetal CNVs was changed and tended to be benign after parental CNVs were detected. Besides, we followed up all families. 93.3% parental‐derived fetal and 30.3% fetus in new mutation group were born healthy.ConclusionParental origin verification has an important significance for interpretation on the clinical significance of fetal CNVs.
Usefulness of comprehensive targeted multigene panel sequencing for neuromuscular disorders in Korean patients
Authors: Park Jihye , Oh Hyun Mi , Park Hye Jung , Cho Ah‐Ra , Lee Dong‐Woo , Jang Ja‐Hyun , Jang Dae‐Hyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultigene panel sequencing (MGPS) is the first‐line option in diagnostic testing for genetically heterogeneous but clinically similar conditions, such as neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of comprehensive NMD MGPS and the need for updated panels.MethodsAll patients were analyzed by either of two versions of the NMD MGPS and by chromosomal microarray and karyotype testing. Four patients with negative NMD MGPS results underwent whole exome sequencing.ResultsIn total, 91 patients were enrolled, and a genetic diagnosis was made in 36 (39.6%); of these, 33 were diagnosed by the comprehensive NMD MGPS, two were confirmed by chromosomal microarray, and one was diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. For MGPS, the diagnostic yield of Version 2 (19/52; 36.5%) was a little higher than that of Version 1 (14/39; 35.9%), and one gene identified in Version 2 was not included in Version 1. A total of 36 definitive and nine possible causative variants were identified, of which 17 were novel.ConclusionA more comprehensive panel for NMD MGPS can improve the diagnostic efficiency in genetic testing. The rapid discovery of new disease‐causing genes over recent years necessitates updates to existing gene panels.
Could circRNA be a new biomarker for pre‐eclampsia?
Authors: Shafabakhsh Rana , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Chaichian Shala , Moazzami Bahram , Mahdizadeh Zahra , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPre‐eclampsia is a devastating complication of pregnancy which is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant women. Pre‐eclampsia is important as it is the leading cause of death. Moreover, untreated pre‐eclampsia might lead to other lethal complications, for both fetus and mother. Pre‐eclampsia can also affect the quality of life in affected women. Despite a large number of risk factors for pre‐eclampsia, these risk factors are able to detect just 30% of women who are susceptible to pre‐eclampsia. Heterogeneous manifestations of pre‐eclampsia necessitate the discovery of potential biomarkers required for its early detection. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of RNA which are more abundant, specific, and highly organized compared with other types of RNA. Accordingly, circRNAs have been suggested as one of the potential biomarkers for different diseases. Recently, researchers have shown interest in the effects of circRNAs in pre‐eclampsia, although the current evidence is limited. The majority of obstetricians are probably not aware of circRNAs as a useful biomarker. Here, we aimed to summarize recent supporting evidence and assess the mechanisms by which circRNAs are involved in pre‐eclampsia.
Kunststoffindustrie: schwächeres Wachstum, mehr Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Busching Johanna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDie Weltwirtschaft entwickelte sich im Jahr 2018 langsamer als zuvor. Der Abschwung der Abnehmerbranchen beeinträchtigte deutsche Unternehmen. Das Thema Kreislaufwirtschaft wurde infolge der Diskussionen um Klima‐ und Ressourcenschutz sowie angesichts vermüllter Meere bedeutender.
Trendbericht Lebensmittelchemie
Authors: Wefers Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Abstracta‐Glucane sind in Form von Stärke Bestandteil vieler Lebensmittel, sie beeinflussen unter anderem deren Textur. In den letzten Jahren hat das Interesse an den a‐Glucanen zugenommen, die von Milchsäurebakterien gebildet werden. Vor allem die für die Glucansynthese verantwortlichen Enzyme werden verstärkt erforscht.
Neue Aromaten auf die Überwachungsliste
Authors: Andersson Jan T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeit über 40 Jahren werden in Umweltproben fast immer die gleichen 16 polycylischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK) bestimmt, um PAK‐Belastungen abzuschätzen. Diese Substanzen sind allerdings nicht für alle Untersuchungsgebiete aussagekräftig.
8. Symposium Forschung der chemischen Industrie
Authors: Serrano Eloisa , Sandfort Frederik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAm 6. Juni tauschten sich beim Symposium „Forschung der Chemischen Industrie“ (FoChIn) über 200 Wissenschaftler aus der Universität, vom Studienanfänger bis zum Professor, mit Forschern der Industrie aus. Die Veranstaltung fand bereits zum achten Mal im Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie an der Universität Münster statt. Organisiert wurde die von der Industrie und vom SFB 858 unterstützte Veranstaltung von Frank Glorius und seiner Arbeitsgruppe.
22. Steinheimer Gespräche – Chemie und Automatisierung
Authors: Lissel Franziska , Steinberg Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnter dem Rahmenthema „Chemie und Automatisierung“ fanden vom 16. bis 18. Mai die 22. Steinheimer Gespräche in Mainz statt. Die vom Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) ausgerichtete Veranstaltung lieferte einen Einblick in aktuelle Entwicklungen in chemischer Industrie und Forschung. Zudem ermöglichten die Steinheimer Gespräche einen Dialog zwischen Industrievertretern, Hochschullehrern und Liebig‐Stipendiaten, insbesondere zu Fragen der Digitalisierung in der Chemie und den Herausforderungen der Industrie 4.0.
A particle mechanics approach for the dynamic strength model of the jointed rock mass considering the joint orientation
Authors: Zhou Changtai , Xu Chaoshui , Karakus Murat , Shen Jiayi 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn nature, there exist several forms of anisotropy in rock masses due to the presence of bedding planes, joints, and weak layers. It is well understood that the anisotropic properties of jointed rock masses significantly affect the stability of surface and underground excavations. However, these critical anisotropic characteristics are often ignored in existing uniaxial dynamic failure criteria. This study investigates the effect of a pre‐existing persistent joint on the rate‐dependent mechanical behaviours of a rock mass using a particle mechanics approach, namely, bonded particle model (BPM), to realistically replicate the mechanical response of the rock mass. Firstly, in order to capture the rate‐dependent response of the jointed rock mass, the BPM model is validated using published experimental data. Then, a dynamic strength model is proposed based on the Jaeger criterion and simulation results. To further investigate the dynamic behaviours, the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for anisotropic rock masses with various joint orientations is investigated by subjecting the BPM models to uniaxial compression numerical tests with various strain rate. The proposed dynamic strength model is validated based on numerical simulation results. Finally, the fragmentation characteristics of the jointed rock masses are analysed, which demonstrate that the failure mode affects the dynamic UCS. This is further confirmed by the analysis of the orientations of microscopic cracks generated by the compression loading.
In vivo 13C and 1H‐[13C] MRS studies of neuroenergetics and neurotransmitter cycling, applications to neurological and psychiatric disease and brain cancer
Authors: Rothman Douglas L. , de Graaf Robin A. , Hyder Fahmeed , Mason Graeme F. , Behar Kevin L. , De Feyter Henk M. 
Published: September 2019

In the last 25 years 13C MRS has been established as the only noninvasive method for measuring glutamate neurotransmission and cell specific neuroenergetics. Although technically and experimentally challenging 13C MRS has already provided important new information on the relationship between neuroenergetics and neuronal function, the high energy cost of brain function in the resting state and the role of altered neuroenergetics and neurotransmitter cycling in disease. In this paper we review the metabolic and neurotransmitter pathways that can be measured by 13C MRS and key findings on the linkage between neuroenergetics, neurotransmitter cycling, and brain function. Applications of 13C MRS to neurological and psychiatric disease as well as brain cancer are reviewed. Recent technological developments that may help to overcome spatial resolution and brain coverage limitations of 13C MRS are discussed.
When is a matrix unitary or Hermitian plus low rank?
Authors: Del Corso Gianna M. , Poloni Federico , Robol Leonardo , Vandebril Raf 
Published: September 2019

SummaryHermitian and unitary matrices are two representatives of the class of normal matrices whose full eigenvalue decomposition can be stably computed in quadratic computing complexity once the matrix has been reduced, for instance, to tridiagonal or Hessenberg form. Recently, fast and reliable eigensolvers dealing with low‐rank perturbations of unitary and Hermitian matrices have been proposed. These structured eigenvalue problems appear naturally when computing roots, via confederate linearizations, of polynomials expressed in, for example, the monomial or Chebyshev basis. Often, however, it is not known beforehand whether or not a matrix can be written as the sum of a Hermitian or unitary matrix plus a low‐rank perturbation. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions characterizing the class of Hermitian or unitary plus low‐rank matrices. The number of singular values deviating from 1 determines the rank of a perturbation to bring a matrix to unitary form. A similar condition holds for Hermitian matrices; the eigenvalues of the skew‐Hermitian part differing from 0 dictate the rank of the perturbation. We prove that these relations are linked via the Cayley transform. Then, based on these conditions, we identify the closest Hermitian or unitary plus rankkmatrix to a given matrixA, in Frobenius and spectral norm, and give a formula for their distance fromA. Finally, we present a practical iteration to detect the low‐rank perturbation. Numerical tests prove that this straightforward algorithm is effective.
Heiße Quellen im Wärmebild
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Shaw Joseph A. , Nugent Paul W. , Harris Wilson 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungGute Infrarotkameras werden immer günstiger, inzwischen gibt es sie auch als Smartphone‐Aufsätze. Besonders spannend wird es, wenn man damit den Yellowstone‐Park besucht. Heiße Thermalquellen und Geysire bieten perfekte Motive. Neben dem ästhetischen Reiz ist auch die physikalische Interpretation der Wärmebilder spannend. Wegen der relativ geringen räumlichen Auflösung von IR‐Kameras empfiehlt es sich, vom Stativ aus aufgenommene Einzelbilder zu Panoramen zusammenzusetzen. Interessant sind zudem Infrarotvideos dynamischer Vorgänge, zum Beispiel der Mischung von heißem Thermalwasser in kaltem Flusswasser.
Validation of pediatric health‐related quality of life instruments for primary ciliary dyskinesia (QOL‐PCD)
Authors: Behan Laura , Leigh Margaret W. , Dell Sharon D. , Quittner Alexandra L. , Hogg Claire , Lucas Jane S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRationaleHaving developed the first disease‐specific, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments for children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), we aimed to assess the psychometric performance of quality of life (QOL)‐PCD child, adolescent, and parent‐proxy versions in terms of reliability and validity across cross‐cultural settings and caring for patients with this rare disease.MethodsChildren (n = 71), adolescents (n = 85), and parents (n = 68) from multiple centers in the UK and North America completed age‐appropriate QOL‐PCD and generic QOL measures: pediatric QOL inventory, COPD assessment test (CAT), and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 20. Total of 13 children, 13 parents, and 17 adolescents repeated QOL‐PCD 10 to 14 days later to assess test‐retest reliability. Multitrait analysis evaluated how the items loaded to hypothesized scales: physical, emotional & social functioning, treatment burden, role, vitality, upper and lower respiratory symptoms, and ears and hearing symptoms. Examination of item‐to‐total correlations led to removal of three, five, and six items, respectively in the prototype child, adolescent and parent‐proxy versions; the validated measures now comprise between 34 and 38 items.ResultsThe QOL‐PCD scales had good internal consistency; Cronbach's α for QOL‐PCD parent‐proxy ranged 0.62 to 0.86. Test‐retest reliability demonstrated stability across all scales; for example QOL‐PCD adolescent intraclass correlation coefficients ranged 0.71 to 0.89. Significant relationships were found between QOL‐PCD scales and similar constructs on generic questionnaires, for example, QOL‐PCD adolescent lower respiratory symptoms and the CAT score (r = .64, P < .01); weaker correlations were found between different constructs.ConclusionAge‐specific QOL‐PCD demonstrated good internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and validity. QOL‐PCD offers promising outcome measures for multicenter clinical trials, as well as monitoring symptoms, functioning, and QOL during routine care.