bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of hybridogenetic lineages in Cataglyphis ants
Authors: Darras Hugo , Kuhn Alexandre , Aron Serge 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn most social Hymenoptera, a diploid egg develops into either a queen or a worker depending on environmental conditions. Hybridogenetic Cataglyphis ants display a bizarre genetic system, where queen‐worker caste determination is primarily determined by genetic factors. In hybridogenetic populations, all workers are F1 hybrids of two distinct lineages, whereas new queens are nearly always pure‐lineage individuals produced by clonal reproduction. The distribution and evolutionary history of these hybridogenetic populations have not yet been thoroughly analysed. Here, we studied the phylogeographic distribution of hybridogenetic populations in two closely related Spanish species: Cataglyphis humeya and Cataglyphis velox. Hybridogenesis has been previously documented in a locality of C. velox, but whether this system occurs elsewhere within the range of the two species was yet unknown. Queens and workers from 66 localities sampled across the range of the species were genotyped at 18 microsatellite markers to determine whether queens were produced by parthenogenesis and whether workers were hybrids of divergent lineages. Populations with F1 hybrid workers were identified by combining genetic, geographical and mating assortments data. In most populations of C. velox, workers were found to be hybrids of two divergent lineages. Workers were however produced via random mating in two marginal populations of C. velox, and in all populations studied of its sister species C. humeya. High‐throughput sequencing data were obtained to confirm inferences based on microsatellites and to characterize relationships between populations. Our results revealed a complicated history of reticulate evolution that may account for the origin of hybridogenetic lineages in Cataglyphis.
A 15‐year retrospective study on the prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatic vs non‐psoriatic patients: A new European shift from dermatophytes towards yeast
Authors: Gallo Lucia , Cinelli Eleonora , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Vastarella Maria 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBecause of their similar clinical presentation, discrimination between nail psoriasis and onychomycosis often is difficult. We aim to investigate the actual frequency of onychomycosis in psoriatic patients and to compare it between psoriatic and non‐psoriatic patients. This retrospective study included a total of 9281 patients, referring to our Mycology Laboratory from September 2003 to May 2018. The patients are divided into two groups: PsoGroup (patients with psoriasis) and non‐PsoGroup (non‐psoriatic patient). Direct microscopic examination with 20% KOH and culture was carried out in both groups. In PsoGroup (711 patients, 59.50% female, 40.50% male, median age of 52.22 ± 15.01), the prevalence of onychomycosis was 49.08%. On the other hand, in non‐PsoGroup (8570 patients (71.65% female, 28.35% male, median age of 48.51 ± 19.31 years), the prevalence of onychomycosis was 51.30%. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of onychomycosis in PsoGroup 49.08% (349/711) compared to 51.30% (4397/8570) of non‐PsoGroup (P = 0.2578). However, yeasts were significantly more prevalent in non‐psoriatic than in psoriatic patients (P = 0.0144.). In our Mycological Laboratory, we observed a similar prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatic patients and non‐psoriatic patients. However, the spectrum of fungal species isolated was different from each other, with a higher prevalence of yeasts in non‐PsoGroup that reflect a recent oriental trends.
Foot allergic contact dermatitis to mixed dialkyl thioureas
Authors: Rundle Chandler W. , Funk Tracy , Brockman Ross M. , Schwarzenberger Kathryn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 12‐year‐old boy presented with severe, bilateral foot dermatitis. Extended patch testing was performed, revealing a significant positive reaction to mixed dialkyl thioureas. A thorough review of his history revealed that he was likely being exposed through his neoprene taekwondo shoes. After implementation of allergen avoidance measures, his dermatitis resolved. This case emphasizes awareness of potential allergen exposures and offers helpful avoidance strategies.
Early identification of transplant glomerulopathy in pediatric kidney transplant biopsies: A single‐center experience with electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Grodsky Jacob D. , Craver Randall D. , Ashoor Isa F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBanff 2013 criteria recommend performing ultrastructural studies with electron microscopy (EM) in kidney transplant biopsies if the technology is available. We sought to determine the impact of EM on enhancing diagnostic findings in pediatric kidney transplant biopsies and the prognostic information gained from the additional findings. All kidney transplant biopsies since routine EM use started on June 1, 2014, until October 31, 2016, were reviewed. Primary outcome measures included the positive yield frequency of EM use defined as an upgraded diagnosis based on EM findings relative to light microscopy, and 12‐month kidney allograft outcome of progression to ESRD or doubling of serum creatinine stratified by transplant glomerulopathy (TG) status on EM. Eighty unique kidney transplant biopsies were reviewed. EM studies were completed for 61 biopsies (76%). Complication rate was low (3.7%). In 61 biopsies where EM was completed, EM findings included foot process fusion (62%), endothelial cell swelling (38%), subendothelial lucencies (31%), and glomerular basement membrane duplication (41%). EM confirmed FSGS recurrence in three cases. In the remaining 58 cases, there was a positive yield of 31% where 18 biopsies were upgraded to a worse category after TG identification on EM. Kidney allograft outcome was poor regardless whether TG was detected early on EM or advanced on LM. Routine EM use in analyzing pediatric kidney transplant biopsies proved safe and provided valuable additional diagnostic information in almost one‐third of cases. Additional studies are needed to determine if clinical interventions for early TG identified on EM can improve long‐term outcomes.
Exogenous application of l‐histidine suppresses bacterial diseases and enhances ethylene production in rice seedlings
Authors: Yariyama S. , Ando S. , Seo S. , Nakaho K. , Miyashita S. , Kanayama Y. , Takahashi H. 
Published: May 2019

Exogenous application of l‐histidine enhances resistance to pathogens in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana via activation of the ethylene (ET)‐dependent signalling pathway. In this study, the efficacy of l‐histidine for suppression of bacterial diseases in rice seedlings was investigated. Rice seeds were soaked in 10 mm l‐histidine, 10 mm l‐lysine, or distilled water (DW) as a control for 48 h at 28 °C to stimulate germination. Treated seeds were then vacuum‐inoculated with Burkholderia glumae or B. plantarii. Seedling diseases caused by both of these bacterial pathogens were suppressed by treatment with l‐histidine but not by treatment with l‐lysine or DW. Expression of an ET‐responsive defence‐related gene, OsGLP8‐12, was induced by treatment of seeds with l‐histidine. As diseases were not suppressed in rice seedlings treated with l‐histidine after vacuum‐inoculation, pretreatment of rice seedlings with l‐histidine before inoculation might activate the plant immune system. Indeed, ethylene production and the abundance of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 2 (OsACS2) transcript increased in healthy seedlings grown from rice seeds treated with l‐histidine but not in those treated with DW. Furthermore, treatment of rice seeds with ACC, an ethylene precursor, suppressed bacterial rice seedling rot caused by B. glumae as effectively as did treatment with l‐histidine, whereas treatment of rice seeds with aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of ACC synthase, partially compromised disease suppression. Taken together, l‐histidine seems to suppress bacterial rice seedling diseases via an ethylene‐dependent resistance pathway.
Reward anticipation and punishment anticipation are instantiated in the brain via opponent mechanisms
Authors: Lake Jessica I. , Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Infantolino Zachary P. , Crocker Laura D. , Yee Cindy M. , Heller Wendy , Miller Gregory A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractfMRI investigations have examined the extent to which reward and punishment motivation are associated with common or opponent neural systems, but such investigations have been limited by confounding variables and methodological constraints. The present study aimed to address limitations of earlier approaches and more comprehensively evaluate the extent to which neural activation associated with reward and punishment motivation reflects opponent or shared systems. Participants completed a modified monetary incentive delay task, which involved the presentation of a cue followed by a target to which participants were required to make a speeded button press. Using a factorial design, cues indicated whether monetary reward and/or loss (i.e., cues signaled probability of reward, punishment, both, or neither) could be expected depending upon response speed. Neural analyses evaluated evidence of (a) directionally opposing effects by testing for regions of differential activation for reward and punishment anticipation, (b) mutual inhibition by testing for interactive effects of reward and punishment anticipation within a factorial design, and (c) opposing effects on shared outputs via a psychophysiological interaction analysis. Evidence supporting all three criteria for opponent systems was obtained. Collectively, present findings support conceptualizing reward and punishment motivation as opponent forces influencing brain and behavior and indicate that shared activation does not suggest the operation of a common neural mechanism instantiating reward and punishment motivation.
On the resonant reflection of weak, nonlinear sound waves off an entropy wave
Authors: Hunter John K. , Smothers Evan B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe analyze the resonant reflection of very weak, nonlinear sound waves off a weak sawtooth entropy wave for spatially periodic solutions of the one‐dimensional, nonisentropic gas dynamics equations. The case of an entropy wave with a sawtooth profile is of interest because the oscillations of the reflected sound waves are nondispersive with frequency independent of their wavenumber, leading to an unusual type of nonlinear dynamics. On an appropriate long time scale, we show that a complex amplitude function for the spatial profile of the sound waves satisfies a degenerate quasilinear Schrödinger equation. We present some numerical solutions of this equation that illustrate the generation of small spatial scales by a resonant four‐wave cascade and front propagation in compactly supported solutions.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma in a South Indian population
Authors: Nayak Sunil S. , Kamath Abhay T. , Gupta Kripa , Roy Anubhav , Roy Sreea , Chatterjee Abhirup 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the incidence and severity of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in maxillofacial trauma patients and to assess the predisposing factors.Methods and ResultsPost‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was assessed as per the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) criteria. The PTSD checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), was used initially to screen patients for PTSD for a provisional diagnosis. These provisionally diagnosed patients were then subjected to a structured interview by a Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5). The PTSD status outcome of PCL‐5 and CAPS‐5 were correlated. PTSD was compared among patients with different types of facial fractures/injuries and also compared based on their anatomic location. The reliability of PCL‐5 scale in relation to the structured CAPS‐5 was assessed and the specificity was found to be 71.4%. Patients with both aesthetic and functional deformity exhibited greater severity of injury and showed higher incidence of PTSD with higher conversion rate from the 1st month to 3rd month. The frequency of PTSD in deformities with higher severity like zygomaticomaxillary complex injuries was found to be statistically significant.ConclusionA high incidence of PTSD is associated with maxillofacial trauma and early detection is essential.
Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)
Authors: Shaked Gelband Dotan , Edelman‐Furstenberg Yael , Stein Mordechai , Starinsky Abraham 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe study focuses on the formation of lacustrine dolomite in late Miocene lakes, located at the East Mediterranean margins (Northern Israel). These lakes deposited the sediments of the Bira (Tortonian) and Gesher (Messinian) formations that comprise sequences of dolostone and limestone. Dolostones are bedded, consist of small‐sized (<7 μm), Ca‐rich (52 to 56 mol %) crystals with relatively low ordering degrees, and present evidence for replacement of CaCO3 components. Limestones are comprised of a wackestone to mudstone matrix, freshwater macrofossils and intraclasts (mainly in the Bira Formation). Sodium concentrations and isotope compositions differ between limestones and dolostones: Na = ~100 to 150 ppm; ~1000 to 2000 ppm; δ18O = −3·8 to −1·6‰; −2·0 to +4·3‰; δ13C = −9·0 to −3·4‰; −7·8 to 0‰ (VPDB), respectively. These results indicate a climate‐related sedimentation during the Tortonian and early Messinian. Wet conditions and positive freshwater inflow into the carbonate lake led to calcite precipitation due to intense phytoplankton blooms (limestone formation). Dry conditions and enhanced evaporation led to precipitation of evaporitic CaCO3 in a terminal lake, which caused an increased Mg/Ca ratio in the residual waters and penecontemporaneous dolomitization (dolostone formation). The alternating lithofacies pattern reveals eleven short‐term wet–dry climate‐cycles during the Tortonian and early Messinian. A shift in the environmental conditions under which dolomite formed is indicated by a temporal decrease in δ18O of dolostones and Na content of dolomite crystals. These variations point to decreasing evaporation degrees and/or an increased mixing with meteoric waters towards the late Messinian. A temporal decrease in δ13C of dolostones and limestones and appearance of microbial structures in close association with dolomite suggest that microbial activity had an important role in allowing dolomite formation during the Messinian. Microbial mediation was apparently the main process that enabled local growth of dolomite under wet conditions during the latest Messinian.
A fine balance: Accommodation dominated control of contemporaneous cool‐carbonate shelf‐edge clinoforms and tropical reef‐margin trajectories, North Carnarvon Basin, Northwestern Australia
Authors: Anell Ingrid , Wallace Malcolm W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe concurrent development of a cool‐carbonate Miocene clinoform system and the tropical reef which developed on its shelf in the North Carnarvon Basin is studied. The study, based on seismic interpretation and geometrical analysis, seeks to investigate how the architecture of the clinoforms develops in relation to the advance of the reef‐margin, providing a proxy for discussing contemporaneous shoreline versus shelf‐edge development. The progradation of the reef and shelf‐edge often display a closely mirrored development, although the reef twice advances an order of two to three times the concurrent advance of the shelf‐edge. The forced regression of the second advance, as compared to the normal regression during the first, is observed in proportionally higher input of sediment towards advance of the shelf‐edge and toe, along with a gentler slope. The inability of the shelf‐edge to keep pace with the reef‐margin (and by proxy the shoreline) during lower accommodation/sedimentation is a result of the increased volume of sediment required to match reef‐margin advance beyond the shelf‐edge. Increased accommodation/sedimentation ratios promote higher trajectories where the volumes on shelf and slope are more balanced and the development more closely matched. The observed matched development of reef and shelf‐edge during both limited and increased slope sedimentation, suggest that accommodation is the dominant control on the location and trajectory of both ‘shoreline’ and shelf‐edge, and that excess sediment is deposited along the slope.
Laryngeal histoplasmosis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Khalil Sarwat , Challener Douglas W. , Abu‐Saleh Omar , Sohail M. Rizwan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHistoplasma capsulatum is an endemic fungus that most oftenly causes a self‐limiting illness but can result in severe infections in immunocompromised patients including pulmonary or extra‐pulmonary disease. Rarely it can also cause a chronic progressive infection of the larynx. Herein, we report a case of laryngeal histoplasmosis in a kidney transplant patient who presented with progressive symptoms of several weeks of hoarseness, dysphagia and odynophagia. Laryngoscopic examination revealed thick plaques in the oropharynx with surrounding hyper‐erythema and histopathology showed numerous intracellular yeasts forms consistent with H capsulatum. Patient was initiated on treatment with itraconazole. Infection of the larynx due to H capsulatum is highly uncommon and therefore can result in an inappropriate or delayed diagnosis. A review of literature showed four previously reported cases of laryngeal histoplasmosis in patients with solid organ transplant. This is the first case series of laryngeal histoplasmosis in transplant recipients.
Enhancement of vitamin B6 levels in rice expressing Arabidopsis vitamin B6 biosynthesis de novo genes
Authors: Mangel Nathalie , Fudge Jared B. , Li Kuan‐Te , Wu Ting‐Ying , Tohge Takayuki , Fernie Alisdair R. , Szurek Boris , Fitzpatrick Teresa B. , Gruissem Wilhelm , Vanderschuren Hervé 
Published: May 2019

SummaryVitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is vital for key metabolic reactions and reported to have antioxidant properties in planta. Therefore, enhancement of vitamin B6 content has been hypothesized to be a route to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Most of the current studies on vitamin B6 in plants are on eudicot species, with monocots remaining largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated vitamin B6 biosynthesis in rice, with a view to examining the feasibility and impact of enhancing vitamin B6 levels. Constitutive expression in rice of two Arabidopsis thaliana genes from the vitamin B6 biosynthesis de novo pathway, AtPDX1.1 and AtPDX2, resulted in a considerable increase in vitamin B6 in leaves (up to 28.3‐fold) and roots (up to 12‐fold), with minimal impact on general growth. Rice lines accumulating high levels of vitamin B6 did not display enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress (salt) or biotic stress (resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae infection). While a significant increase in vitamin B6 content could also be achieved in rice seeds (up to 3.1‐fold), the increase was largely due to its accumulation in seed coat and embryo tissues, with little enhancement observed in the endosperm. However, seed yield was affected in some vitamin B6‐enhanced lines. Notably, expression of the transgenes did not affect the expression of the endogenous rice PDX genes. Intriguingly, despite transgene expression in leaves and seeds, the corresponding proteins were only detectable in leaves and could not be observed in seeds, possibly pointing to a mode of regulation in this organ.
Hematologic, biochemical, hormonal, and redox status alterations during reproductive activity in adult rams of two breeds
Authors: Oikonomidis Ioannis L. , Brozos Christos , Kiossis Evangelos , Kritsepi‐Konstantinou Maria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundReproduction is a crucial, energy‐consuming physiologic activity, which can temporarily disturb the homeostatic balance of the organism. Although rams are commonly placed in intense breeding programs on contemporary sheep farms, the clinicopathologic and redox status alterations have not been adequately studied during reproductive activity.ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate the clinicopathologic and redox status changes in rams during reproductive activity.MethodsThirty‐seven (19 Chios and 18 Florina breed) adult, healthy rams were individually mated with ten estrus‐synchronized ewes of the same breed. Blood samples were collected prior to mating, during mating, and postmating. CBC (Advia 120), cytologic blood smear evaluation, biochemical analyses (Flexor E, AVL 9180 Electrolyte Analyzer), and thyroxine measurements (Immulite 1000) were performed. The reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROMs) test, the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, and oxidative stress index were used to assess redox status. The linear mixed effects model (statistical language R) was used for statistical analyses.ResultsMany, mostly breed‐independent, clinicopathologic changes were detected during reproductive activity. Conversely, redox status alterations were found to be breed‐dependent.ConclusionsIntense reproductive activity was related to mild, acute muscle damage in both breeds and mild oxidative stress in Florina rams, whereas Chios rams exhibited oxidative stress resistance. The observed clinicopathologic and redox status alterations were generally consistent with those reported during various forms of physical activity and exercise in animals and humans. Intense reproductive activity does not seem to be physiologically innocuous; however, it appears to be a relatively mild muscle‐damaging physical activity.
The in vitro antibacterial activity of the anthelmintic drug oxyclozanide against common small animal bacterial pathogens
Authors: Levinson Matthew R. , Blondeau Joseph M. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Plowgian Curtis B. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundRepurposing existing drugs is one approach to address the growing concerns of multi‐drug resistant bacterial pathogens in veterinary medicine. Oxyclozanide is in the anthelmintic drug class salicylanilide, which has been used primarily as a treatment and preventative for Fasciola hepatica in ruminants. The antimicrobial activity of oxyclozanide has been studied in human medicine; its activity against common small animal bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius has yet to be determined.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to measure and establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of oxyclozanide against S. pseudintermedius and other common small animal bacterial pathogens.Methods and materialsThe MIC and MPC of oxyclozanide were determined from eighteen meticillin sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates and eleven meticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), as well as single isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis.ResultsThe MIC of the eighteen meticillin‐sensitive S. pseudintermedius isolates was 0.5–1 μg/mL and the MPC ranged between 16 and 32 μg/mL. The MIC of the eleven meticillin‐resistant strains of S. pseudintermedius ranged from 0.5 to 2 μg/mL with a MPC ranging between 16 and 32 μg/mL. A single isolate of meticillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) had an MIC of 1 μg/mL and MPC 16 μg/mL. No inhibition of growth was seen at the concentrations tested for bacterial isolate strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis.Conclusion and clinical importanceOxyclozanide demonstrated in‐vitro antibacterial activity against meticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential use of oxyclozanide as a topical bactericidal agent.