bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis on outcome differences among patients with TICI2b versus TICI3 reperfusions: success revisited
Authors: Kaesmacher Johannes , Dobrocky Tomas , Heldner Mirjam R , Bellwald Sebastian , Mosimann Pascal J , Mordasini Pasquale , Bigi Sandra , Arnold Marcel , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveA reperfusion quality of thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI)≥2b has been set as the therapeutic angiography target for interventions in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. This study addresses whether the distinction between TICI2b and TICI3 reperfusions shows a clinically relevant difference on functional outcome.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-analysis was carried out and presented in conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria to test the primary hypothesis that TICI2b and TICI3 reperfusions are associated with different rates of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at day 90. Secondary endpoints included rates of haemorrhagic transformations, mortality and excellent functional outcome (mRS ≤1). Summary estimates of ORs (sOR) with 95% CI were calculated using the inverse variance heterogeneity model accounting for multiple true effect sizes.ResultsFourteen studies on 2379 successfully reperfused patients were included (1131 TICI3, 1248 TICI2b). TICI3 reperfusions were associated with higher rates of functional independence (1.74, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.10) and excellent functional outcomes (2.01, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.53), also after including adjusted estimates. The safety profile of patients with TICI3 was superior, as demonstrated by lower rates of mortality (sOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92) and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhages (sOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.71).ConclusionTICI3 reperfusions are associated with superior outcome and better safety profiles than TICI2b reperfusions. This effect seems to be independent of time and collaterals. As reperfusion quality is the most important modifiable predictor of patients’ outcome, a more conservative definition of successful therapy and further evaluation of treatment approaches geared towards achieving TICI3 reperfusions are desirable.
Android-SRV: Scenario-Based Runtime Verification of Android Applications
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Cheng Kun , Gao Jerry 
Published: March 2018

With the wide-spread usage of Android systems, Android applications have become the target of mobile malwares. Therefore, an effective verification approach for Android applications is essential. Runtime verification based on monitors is one of the most promising techniques to check the software’s behaviors. Currently, there are a number of monitoring approaches for Android applications. However, these approaches mainly have two limitations. First, there is no effective mechanism to reduce the load on Android applications caused by monitors. Second, these approaches mainly rely on logic-based specifications, which are complex and not intuitive for being used in practice. In order to address these two limitations, this paper proposes a scenario-based runtime verification approach for Android applications (called Android-SRV). The approach concentrates on providing a dynamic and usable solution for monitoring applications during execution with the help of aspect-oriented programming. It will translate the scenario-based specification (called property sequence charts (PSCs)) into multi-valued automata (MAs), and then generate AspectJ codes from the MA. Finally, these AspectJ codes are weaved into the target system as monitors. Considering the impact of the monitors on performance load in the Android system, the paper proposes local and cloud collaboration mechanisms to reduce the impact. The scenario-based specification is more intuitive than the traditional logic-based specifications. The approach is shown to be an effective means for monitoring Android applications with controlled overload.
Kinesin-1 Is a New Actor Involved in Platelet Secretion and Thrombus Stability
Authors: Adam Frédéric , Kauskot Alexandre , Kurowska Mathieu , Goudin Nicolas , Munoz Isabelle , Bordet Jean-Claude , Huang Jian-Dong , Bryckaert Marijke , Fischer Alain , Borgel Delphine , de Saint Basile Geneviève , Christophe Olivier D. , Ménasché Gaël 
Published: March 2018

Objective—
Platelet secretion is crucial for many physiological platelet responses. Even though several regulators of the fusion machinery for secretory granule exocytosis have been identified in platelets, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully characterized.

Approach and Results—

By studying a mouse model (cKO [conditional knockout]
Kif5b
) lacking Kif5b (kinesin-1 heavy chain) in its megakaryocytes and platelets, we evidenced unstable hemostasis characterized by an increase of blood loss associated to a marked tendency to rebleed in a tail-clip assay and thrombus instability in an in vivo thrombosis model. This instability was confirmed in vitro in a whole-blood perfusion assay under blood flow conditions. Aggregations induced by thrombin and collagen were also impaired in cKO
Kif5b
platelets. Furthermore, P-selectin exposure, PF4 (platelet factor 4) secretion, and ATP release after thrombin stimulation were impaired in cKO
Kif5b
platelets, highlighting the role of kinesin-1 in α-granule and dense granule secretion. Importantly, exogenous ADP rescued normal thrombin induced-aggregation in cKO
Kif5b
platelets, which indicates that impaired aggregation was because of defective release of ADP and dense granules. Last, we demonstrated that kinesin-1 interacts with the molecular machinery comprising the granule-associated Rab27 (Ras-related protein Rab-27) protein and the Slp4 (synaptotagmin-like protein 4/SYTL4) adaptor protein.

Conclusions—
Our results indicate that a kinesin-1–dependent process plays a role for platelet function by acting into the mechanism underlying α-granule and dense granule secretion.
Risk Stratification for Bleeding Complications in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism: Application of the HAS‐BLED Bleeding Score During the First 6 Months of Anticoagulant Treatment
Authors: Brown Joshua D. , Goodin Amie J. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Adams Val R. 
Published: March 2018

Background

The Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile International Normalized Ratio (INR), Elderly, Drugs or alcohol use (
HAS
‐
BLED
) score has strong predictive validity for major bleeding complications, but limited validation has been conducted in venous thromboembolism (
VTE
). This study evaluates the
HAS
‐
BLED
score in a large cohort of
VTE
patients.

Methods and Results

A retrospective cohort of adults ≥18 years with primary diagnosis of
VTE
between January 1, 2010 and November 31, 2013 were identified in an insurance claims database. Patients were tracked until death, any bleed event, or end of study period.
HAS
‐
BLED
score and components were evaluated via proportional hazard models. Cumulative incidence functions were reported at 30, 60, 90, and 180 days. N=132 280 patients with a
VTE
were identified, with 73.8% having
HAS
‐
BLED
scores of 0 to 2, 3.6% score ≥4, and 4789 bleeding events (3.6% all patients). A 1‐point
HAS
‐
BLED
score increase was associated with 20% to 30% bleeding rate increase overall, but in a cancer cohort only the increase from 3‐ to 4‐points was significant for all bleeds (cs
HR
=1.41, 95%
CI
: 1.17–1.69; sd
HR
=1.40, 95%
CI
: 1.17–1.69) and major bleeds (cs
HR
=1.66, 95%
CI
: 1.26–2.20; sd
HR
=1.66, 95%
CI
: 1.25–2.19). Adding cancer to the model as an independent covariate provided the strongest association among all covariates, with cs
HR
=2.25 (95%
CI
: 1.98–2.56) and sd
HR
=2.11 (95%
CI
: 1.85–2.41) in the model for major bleeds.

Conclusions

The
HAS
‐
BLED
score has good predictive validity for bleeding risks in patients with VTE. The addition of cancer as an independent bleeding risk factor merits consideration, possibly as part of the “B” criterion (“bleeding tendency or predisposition”).
Assessing New Diagnoses of HIV Among American Indian/Alaska Natives Served by the Indian Health Service, 2005-2014
Authors: Reilley Brigg , Haberling Dana L. , Person Marissa , Leston Jessica , Iralu Jonathan , Haverkate Rick , Siddiqi Azfar-E-Alam 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to use Indian Health Service (IHS) data from electronic health records to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses among American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and to identify current rates and trends that can support data-driven policy implementation and resource allocation for this population. Methods: We analyzed provider visit data from IHS to capture all AI/AN patients who met a definition of a new HIV diagnosis from 2005 through 2014 by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We calculated rates and trends of new HIV diagnoses by age, sex, region, and year per 100 000 AI/ANs in the IHS user population. Results: A total of 2273 AI/ANs met the definition of newly diagnosed with HIV from 2005 through 2014, an average annual rate of 15.1 per 100 000 AI/ANs. Most (356/391) IHS health facilities recorded at least 1 new HIV diagnosis. The rate of new HIV diagnoses among males (21.3 per 100 000 AI/ANs) was twice as high as that among females (9.5 per 100 000 AI/ANs; rate ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-2.4); by age, rates were highest among those aged 20-54 for males and females. By region, the Southwest region had the highest number (n = 1016) and rate (19.9 per 100 000 AI/ANs) of new HIV diagnoses. Overall annual rates of new HIV diagnoses were stable from 2010 through 2014, although diagnosis rates increased among males ( P < .001) and those aged 15-19 ( P < .001), 45-59 ( P < .001), and 50-54 ( P = .01). Conclusions: New HIV diagnoses, derived from provider visit data, among AI/ANs were stable from 2010 through 2014. AI/ANs aged 20-54, particularly men, may benefit from increased HIV prevention and screening efforts. Additional services may benefit patients in regions with higher rates of new diagnoses and in remote settings in which reported HIV numbers are low.
The Mildly Abnormal Cervical Smear: Patient Anxiety and Choice of Management
Authors: Jones M H , Singer A , Jenkins D 
Published: March 2018

Argument continues over the best management of women with a first mildly dyskaryotic cervical smear: should they be referred for prompt colposcopy, or should they be kept under cytological review, with recourse to colposcopy if the abnormality persists? One consideration is the amount of anxiety generated. We measured anxiety, retrospectively, in two groups of women who had been managed by one or other method. Colposcopy caused more anxiety than cytological surveillance. When told that their smear was mildly abnormal, 47% of the immediate-colposcopy group (n=182), compared with 33% of the surveillance group (n=163), thought they had cancer. None the less, there was a general preference for immediate colposcopy. Whatever the relative merits of these two strategies for clinical management, it is clear that both forms of screening, and especially colposcopy, demand better information for patients.
A systematic review of the diagnostic utility of simple tests of change after trial removal of cerebrospinal fluid in adults with normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Scully Aileen Eugenia , Lim Edwin Choon Wyn , Teow Pei Pei , Tan Dawn May Leng 
Published: March 2018

Objective: To synthesize the evidence regarding the diagnostic value of simple ancillary tests post cerebrospinal fluid drainage in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Data sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases; last searched on 12 September 2017. Review methods: This review was performed applying the steps of the PRISMA statement. The QUADAS 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Prospective and retrospective trials were systematically reviewed, and data on diagnostic accuracy were extracted. Meta-analysis (where possible) was performed. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic package was used to calculate pooled estimates of included diagnostic studies. Results: Seventeen trials (with 812 subjects in total) were identified for inclusion in the meta-analyses for the 18-meter walk test, video-recorded gait performance, cognitive test, and Timed Up and Go Test. The summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for the 18-meter walk test was 0.83 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.99) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.95), video-recorded gait performance was 0.85 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.99) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.96), cognitive test was 0.82 (95% CI 0.41–0.99) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.39–0.99), and Timed Up and Go Test was 0.89 (95% CI 0.79–0.95) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.24–0.90), respectively. Conclusion: This review highlights the diagnostic value of the 18-meter walk test, video-recorded gait performance, cognitive test, and Timed Up and Go Test in predicting shunt outcomes among adults with normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Knotless retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for small renal masses: Comparison of bipolar sutureless technique and barbed suture technique
Authors: Ye Jianfei , Zhang Shudong , Tian Xiaojun , Wang Guoliang , Zhao Lei , Ma Lulin 
Published: March 2018

Objective Laparoscopic knot-tying and suturing are the most difficult steps in shortening the warm ischemia time and learning curve of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery. This study was performed to demonstrate the safety, oncological efficacy, and technical tips of sutureless retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (RPNSS). Methods This retrospective study included 78 cases of RPNSS using a sutureless technique and 126 cases of RPNSS using a single-layer barbed self-retaining suture technique performed from December 2012 to December 2016. Results The mean warm ischemia time was significantly shorter in the sutureless technique group than in the barbed self-retaining suture technique group (6.8 vs. 21.1 minutes, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean age, body mass index, R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry score, operative time, maximal tumor diameter, intraparenchymal depth, blood loss, operative time, transfusion rate, complication rate, or postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. No open conversion was needed. No positive margins or local recurrence were observed during follow-up. Conclusions The sutureless technique was proven to be safe and oncologically effective and may allow novice laparoscopic surgeons to easily and quickly master RPNSS, a technically difficult procedure.
A reference equation for maximal aerobic power for treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise testing: Analysis from the FRIEND registry
Authors: de Souza e Silva Christina G , Kaminsky Leonard A , Arena Ross , Christle Jeffrey W , Araújo Claudio Gil S , Lima Ricardo M , Ashley Euan A , Myers Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

Background Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a powerful predictor of health outcomes. Valid and portable reference values are integral to interpreting measured VO2max; however, available reference standards lack validation and are specific to exercise mode. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a single equation for normal standards for VO2max for the treadmill or cycle ergometer in men and women. Methods Healthy individuals ( N = 10,881; 67.8% men, 20–85 years) who performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on either a treadmill or a cycle ergometer were studied. Of these, 7617 and 3264 individuals were randomly selected for development and validation of the equation, respectively. A Brazilian sample (1619 individuals) constituted a second validation cohort. The prediction equation was determined using multiple regression analysis, and comparisons were made with the widely-used Wasserman and European equations. Results Age, sex, weight, height and exercise mode were significant predictors of VO2max. The regression equation was: VO2max (ml kg–1 min–1) = 45.2 – 0.35*Age – 10.9*Sex (male = 1; female = 2) – 0.15*Weight (pounds) + 0.68*Height (inches) – 0.46*Exercise Mode (treadmill = 1; bike = 2) ( R = 0.79, R2 = 0.62, standard error of the estimate = 6.6 ml kg–1 min–1). Percentage predicted VO2max for the US and Brazilian validation cohorts were 102.8% and 95.8%, respectively. The new equation performed better than traditional equations, particularly among women and individuals ≥60 years old. Conclusion A combined equation was developed for normal standards for VO2max for different exercise modes derived from a US national registry. The equation provided a lower average error between measured and predicted VO2max than traditional equations even when applied to an independent cohort. Additional studies are needed to determine its portability.
Ethanol sclerotherapy or polidocanol sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts
Authors: Wijnands Titus FM , Schoenemeier Bastian , Potthoff Andrej , Gevers Tom JG , Groenewoud Hans , Gebel Michael J , Rifai Kinan , Manns Michael P , Drenth Joost PH 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundOver the past decades, multiple approaches to aspiration sclerotherapy of large symptomatic hepatic cysts have been investigated. However, comparative data are scarce.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to compare cyst reduction, symptomatic relief, and adverse events between ethanol sclerotherapy and polidocanol sclerotherapy.MethodsThis retrospective study included adults having a symptomatic hepatic cyst treated at a European tertiary referral center with ethanol sclerotherapy (Center 1) or polidocanol‐sclerotherapy (Center 2). We compared cyst diameter reduction (%) and symptom improvement (yes/no) within 12 months’ post‐treatment between centers using multivariate regression analyses adjusted for confounding factors. Finally, we compared adverse events using Fisher's exact test.ResultsWe included 71 patients from Center 1 and 66 patients from Center 2 (median age 57 years; 126/137 (92%) female). Cyst reduction was comparable between Centers 1 and 2: 37.5% (IQR 15.7–61.0%) versus 44.2% (IQR 24.6–60.5%), respectively (p = 0.35). Correspondingly, symptomatic relief was comparable: 30/53 (56.6%) versus 43/66 (65.2%), respectively (p = 0.88). Center 1 reported significantly more (11 versus 3; p = 0.047) adverse events than Center 2.ConclusionWe found comparable cyst reduction and symptomatic relief rates between ethanol‐ and polidocanol sclerotherapy, while adverse events occurred more often in the ethanol group. Prospective studies focused on clinical response are needed to further explore differences between approaches.
Safety, diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of digital single‐operator cholangioscopy
Authors: Lenze Frank , Bokemeyer Arne , Gross Dina , Nowacki Tobias , Bettenworth Dominik , Ullerich Hansjoerg 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDigital single‐operator cholangioscopes (digital SOCs), equipped with an improved image quality, have been recently introduced.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of digital SOCs (Spyglass™ DS).MethodsSixty‐seven digital SOC procedures performed between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe most frequent indications for examination were indeterminate biliary strictures (61.2%) and biliary stone disease (23.9%). In 25 patients (37.3), visual findings predicted malignancy with a sensitivity of 88.9%, a specificity of 97.6%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.0% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.9%. For histological analysis, forceps biopsies were performed in 29 patients (43.2%). Compared with visual findings, forceps biopsies yield a lower diagnostic efficacy in diagnosing malignancy (sensitivity 62.5%, specificity 90.0%, PPV 90.9%, NPV 60.0%). Therapeutic interventions were performed in 19 patients with a technical success rate of 89.4%. Adverse events were observed in 17 patients (25.4%). Of these, 11 patients (16.4%) suffered from severe adverse events (pancreatitis, cholangitis or major bleeding), which led to a prolonged hospital stay.ConclusionDigital SOCs have excellent diagnostic and therapeutic efficacies, but are accompanied by high rates of adverse events; therefore, physicians should use digital SOCs in carefully selected cases.
High monocyte to lymphocyte ratio is associated with impaired protection after subcutaneous administration of BCG in a mouse model of tuberculosis
Authors: Zelmer Andrea , Stockdale Lisa , Prabowo Satria A. , Cia Felipe , Spink Natasha , Gibb Matthew , Eddaoudi Ayad , Fletcher Helen A. 
Published: March 2018

Background: The only available tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has variable efficacy. New vaccines are therefore urgently needed. Why BCG fails is incompletely understood, and the tools used for early assessment of new vaccine candidates do not account for BCG variability. Taking correlates of risk of TB disease observed in human studies and back-translating them into mice to create models of BCG variability should allow novel vaccine candidates to be tested early in animal models that are more representative of the human populations most at risk. Furthermore, this could help to elucidate the immunological mechanisms leading to BCG failure. We have chosen the monocyte to lymphocyte (ML) ratio as a correlate of risk of TB disease and have back-translated this into a mouse model. Methods: Four commercially available, inbred mouse strains were chosen. We investigated their baseline ML ratio by flow cytometry; extent of BCG-mediated protection from Mtb infection by experimental challenge; vaccine-induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) response by ELISPOT assay; and tissue distribution of BCG by plating tissue homogenates. Results: The ML ratio varied significantly between A/J, DBA/2, C57Bl/6 and 129S2 mice. A/J mice showed the highest BCG-mediated protection and lowest ML ratio, while 129S2 mice showed the lowest protection and higher ML ratio. We also found that A/J mice had a lower antigen specific IFNγ response than 129S2 mice. BCG tissue distribution appeared higher in A/J mice, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ML ratio has an impact on BCG-mediated protection in mice, in alignment with observations from clinical studies. A/J and 129S2 mice may therefore be useful models of BCG vaccine variability for early TB vaccine testing. We speculate that failure of BCG to protect from TB disease is linked to poor tissue distribution in a ML high immune environment.