bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the structural properties of goat's milk chocolates with different concentrations of cocoa mass
Authors: de Jesus Silva Grazielly , Gonçalves Ben‐Hur Ramos Ferreira , de Jesus Josane Cardim , Vidigal Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro , Minim Luis Antonio , Ferreira Sukarno Olavo , Bonomo Renata Cristina Ferreira , Ferrão Sibelli Passini Barbosa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the microstructural characteristics of goat's milk chocolates formulated with different concentrations of cocoa mass by rheological measurements and microscopy. For rheological characterization, rotational and oscillatory tests were performed, while crystal morphology was observed by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and 3D optical profilometer. It was verified that the chocolates presented pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior. The Herschel–Bulkley model adequately described the flow behavior of the formulations. In the oscillatory tests, it was found that the tangent δ (loss) decreased from 0.33 to 0.17 as a function of the increase in cocoa mass concentration. The creep recovery tests were consistent with the other rheological tests. The analysis of AFM and profilometer indicated that there are different microscopic pores on the surface of the chocolates, and that with the increase in the concentration of cocoa mass, it has a structure with greater interactions.
Stereotactic image‐guided microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma using a computer‐assisted navigation system
Authors: Lachenmayer Anja , Tinguely Pascale , Maurer Martin H. , Frehner Lorenz , Knöpfli Marina , Peterhans Matthias , Weber Stefan , Dufour Jean‐François , Candinas Daniel , Banz Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsAblation plays an important role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Because image‐guided navigation technology has recently entered the clinical setting, we aimed to analyse its safety, therapeutic and procedural efficiency.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients treated with stereotactic image‐guided microwave ablation (SMWA) between January 2015 and December 2017. Interventions were performed using computertomography‐guidance with needle trajectory, ablation planning and automatic single‐marker patient registration. Needle placement and ablation coverage was controlled by image fusion under general anaesthesia with jet‐ventilation.ResultsIn total 174 ablations were performed in 88 patients during 119 interventions. Mean age was 66 (46‐84) years, 74 (84.1%) were men and 74% were Child Pugh Class A. Median tumour size was 16 (4‐45) mm, 62.2% were BCLC A. Median lateral and longitudinal error of needle placement were 3.2 (0.2‐14.1) and 1.6 (0‐15.8) mm. Median one tumour (1‐4) was ablated per session. One patient developed a Dindo IIIb (0.8%) complication, six minor complications. After re‐ablation of 12 lesions, an efficacy rate of 96.3% was achieved. Local tumour progression was 6.3% (11/174). Close proximity to major vessels was significantly correlated with local tumour progression (P < .05). Median overall follow‐up was 17.5 months after intervention and 24 months after initial diagnosis. BCLC stage, child class and previous treatment were significantly correlated with overall survival (P < .05).ConclusionStereotactic image‐guided microwave ablation is a safe and efficient treatment for HCC offering a curative treatment approach in general and in particular for lesions not detectable on conventional imaging or untreatable because of difficult anatomic locations.
Mass balance model of Lake Volta fisheries: The use of Ecopath model
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel T. D. , Dankwa Hederick R. , Lauridsen Torben L. , Trolle Dennis , Asmah Ruby , Campion Benjamin B. , Edziyie Regina , Christensen Villy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA mass balance model of trophic interactions among ten key functional producer and consumer groups in Lake Volta was constructed using the Ecopath model to study the energy flows and species interactions in the lake. The present study was based on secondary and primary data on fish catch, diet composition, phytoplankton and zooplankton biomasses, collected in 2015 and 2016. Additional information on growth parameters of major species required for balancing the Ecopath model was obtained from sampling and FishBase. The functional groups were detritus, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, prey fish, Tilapia, Bagrus, Chrysichthys, Alestes and Synodontis species. Four trophic levels were identified in the Lake Volta ecosystem, with the energy flow occurring mainly within the first three trophic levels. The calculated ecotrophic efficiency value of the primary producers (phytoplankton: 0.17; detritus: 0.22) indicated they were least exploited, compared to the secondary producers, zooplankton (0.80) and benthos (0.50). All secondary consumers had ecotrophic efficiency values higher than the primary producers, indicating they are exploited in the ecosystem. The main energy flows in the lake were from phytoplankton and detritus at trophic level I, and Bagrus species, the top predator, at a level of 3.30. The network analysis, illustrating a connectance index of 0.43 and an omnivory index of 0.06, in the lake system indicated the ecosystem is unstable, somewhat immature and still in a developing stage.
Literary Intentionalism
Authors: Kubala Robbie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the philosophical debate about literary interpretation, actual intentionalists claim, and anti‐intentionalists deny, that an acceptable interpretation of fictional literature must be constrained by the author's intentions. This paper argues that a close examination of the two most influential recent strands in this debate reveals a surprising convergence. Both sides (a) focus on literary works as they are, where work identity is determined in part by certain (successfully realized) categorial intentions concerning, for example, title, genre, and large‐scale instances of allusion, allegory, and irony, and (b) allow that works can acceptably be interpreted for unintended meanings—since an intentional act can, under a different description, exhibit unintended features. Insofar as both sides do this, they turn out to share the same interpretive policy concerning authorial intention. This suggests that philosophers should shift the interpretation debate away from issues of authorial intention and toward issues about the aims of interpretation.
The Need for an Ethics of Sustainable Knowledge Production
Authors: Pack Justin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe modern research university is an unsustainable institution. It normalizes academic activity along the lines of a scientist engaged in normal science and seeks to measure the success or failure of academics based largely on the quantity of their contributions to a particular discipline, often measured in terms of papers published and conference presentations. The ensuing race to produce academic studies is creating unprecedented mountains of academic studies, but often in haphazard, unstructured, and unsustainable ways, especially in the humanities and the social sciences, which do not discover nomothetic laws or accumulate knowledge in a fashion similar to science. This not only undermines the quality of work being done and the character of academics doing this work but also results in the thoughtless, endless, largely unstructured mountains of new studies that no one can keep up with.
Explaining Evidence Denial as Motivated Pragmatically Rational Epistemic Irrationality
Authors: Shaffer Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a model for evidence denial that explains this behavior as a manifestation of rationality, and it is based on the contention that social values (measurable as utilities) often underwrite these sorts of responses. Moreover, it contends that the value associated with group membership in particular can override epistemic reason when the expected utility of a belief or belief system is great. It is also true, however, that it appears to be the case that it is still possible for such unreasonable believers to reverse this sort of dogmatism and to change their beliefs in a way that is epistemically rational. The conjecture made here is that we should expect this to happen only when the expected utility of the beliefs in question dips below a threshold where the utility value of continued dogmatism and the associated group membership is no longer sufficient to motivate defusing the counterevidence that tells against such epistemically irrational beliefs.
Cross‐talk between Tor1 and Sch9 regulates hyphae‐specific genes or ribosomal protein genes in a mutually exclusive manner inCandida albicans
Authors: Kim Se Woong , Joo Yoo Jin , Chun Yu Jin , Park Young Kwang , Kim Joon 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe human fungal pathogenCandida albicansswitches its morphology from yeast to hyphal forms. The morphological transition may renderC. albicansvirulent. Several signaling cascades, including those of the cyclic AMP‐protein kinase A and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, are responsible for morphogenesis. In this study, we observed a reduction in gene transcription of ribosomal proteins during true hyphae formation. Moreover, morphogenesis‐dependent decrease in ribosomal protein gene transcription was confirmed in constitutive yeast or filamentous growing strains. We consistently observed that polysome and monosome levels were decreased by hyphal stimuli through TORC1 and Sch9 kinases. Taken together, these results provide several lines of evidence to show that the Tor1–Sch9 kinase cascade, which stimulates transcription of ribosomal protein genes, exists inC. albicans.Thus, the present study revealed a novel link between ribosome biogenesis and morphogenesis inC. albicansthat is mediated by Tor1 and Sch9.
Two Kinds of Cognitive Expertise
Authors: Chudnoff Elijah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExpertise is traditionally classified into perceptual, cognitive, and motor forms. I argue that the empirical research literature on expertise gives us compelling reasons to reject this traditional classification and accept an alternative. According to the alternative I support there is expertise in forming impressions, which further divides into expertise in forming sensory and intellectual impressions, and there is expertise in performing actions, which further divides into expertise in performing mental and bodily actions. The traditional category of cognitive expertise splits into two–expertise in forming intellectual impressions and expertise in performing mental actions. I consider and address a challenge to my case in favor of adopting this alternative classification of expertise that derives from dual process theories of cognition.
Metastatic pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma to the mandible: report of a rare case and review of the literature
Authors: Rizq M. , Nawwar M. , Ramadan O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive variant of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) that usually occurs only in adults aged 45 years or older. Jaw metastasis from a soft‐tissue sarcoma of the extremity is likewise very rare, with only a few previously reported cases. Here, we describe the case of a 47‐year‐old female patient with mandibular metastasis from a previously excised pleomorphic RMS of the right thigh but died 1 month after due to lung metastases. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of mandibular metastasis from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremity. In cases such as these, patients may have widespread disease, and thus, surgery may only have a limited role in its management. Optimal treatment remains undefined.
Intensity of innovation in public sector organizations: The role of push and pull factors
Authors: Clausen Tommy Høyvarde , Demircioglu Mehmet Akif , Alsos Gry A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe public sector is under pressure to provide new public services with increasingly scarce resources. In response, practitioners and academics have called for more innovation in the public sector. Our understanding of sources of innovation within public sector organizations, however, is inadequate. Motivated by this gap, we develop a conceptual model of how push and pull sources enable innovation within public sector organizations. Key to our theory is that push and pull sources of innovation are enabled by innovation capabilities. Five hypotheses are tested using cross‐country survey data from European public sector organizations. Empirical analysis offers strong support for the central role played by innovation capability in enabling push and pull sources of innovation within public sector organizations. This article advances knowledge of the sources of innovation in the public sector and extends theorizing on push and pull mechanisms by examining their relevance to innovation in a public sector context.
Genome assembly provides insights into the genome evolution and flowering regulation of orchardgrass
Authors: Huang Linkai , Feng Guangyan , Yan Haidong , Zhang Zhongren , Bushman Bradley Shaun , Wang Jianping , Bombarely Aureliano , Li Mingzhou , Yang Zhongfu , Nie Gang , Xie Wengang , Xu Lei , Chen Peilin , Zhao Xinxin , Jiang Wenkai , Zhang Xinquan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOrchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is an important forage grass for cultivating livestock worldwide. Here, we report an ~1.84‐Gb chromosome‐scale diploid genome assembly of orchardgrass, with a contig N50 of 0.93 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 6.08 Mb and a super‐scaffold N50 of 252.52 Mb, which is the first chromosome‐scale assembled genome of a cool‐season forage grass. The genome includes 40 088 protein‐coding genes, and 69% of the assembled sequences are transposable elements, with long terminal repeats (LTRs) being the most abundant. The LTRretrotransposons may have been activated and expanded in the grass genome in response to environmental changes during the Pleistocene between 0 and 1 million years ago. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that orchardgrass diverged after rice but before three Triticeae species, and evolutionarily conserved chromosomes were detected by analysing ancient chromosome rearrangements in these grass species. We also resequenced the whole genome of 76 orchardgrass accessions and found that germplasm from Northern Europe and East Asia clustered together, likely due to the exchange of plants along the ‘Silk Road’ or other ancient trade routes connecting the East and West. Last, a combined transcriptome, quantitative genetic and bulk segregant analysis provided insights into the genetic network regulating flowering time in orchardgrass and revealed four main candidate genes controlling this trait. This chromosome‐scale genome and the online database of orchardgrass developed here will facilitate the discovery of genes controlling agronomically important traits, stimulate genetic improvement of and functional genetic research on orchardgrass and provide comparative genetic resources for other forage grasses.
Pediatric leukemia cutis: A case series
Authors: Andriescu Elena Corina , Coughlin Carrie C. , Cheng Carol E. , Prajapati Vimal H. , Huang Jennifer T. , Schmidt Birgitta A. , Degar Barbara A. , Aplenc Richard , Pillai Vinodh , Yan Albert C. , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric leukemia cutis (LC) is often difficult to diagnose due to similarity in appearance to other dermatologic diseases. Several case reports and smaller case series have been published in the medical literature, but studies on larger cohorts of children with LC are lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to better characterize the clinical features, course, and prognosis of LC in the pediatric population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case series of 31 patients diagnosed with LC at Boston Children's Hospital and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.ResultsThe number and morphology of LC lesions varied among patients, with the head and lower extremities being the most common sites of involvement. Leukemia cutis presented concomitantly with systemic leukemia in the majority of cases. Most cases of LC arose during initial leukemia episodes, rather than with relapsed leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia was the subtype most frequently associated with LC, followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Diagnosis altered treatment timing and therapeutic decisions.ConclusionChildren most often present concomitantly with LC and systemic leukemia. Since the morphology and distribution of LC varies, physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis, as the presence of LC may change the management of systemic leukemia.
Long QT syndrome with a de novo CALM2 mutation in a 4‐year‐old boy
Authors: Fujita Shuhei , Nakagawa Ryo , Futatani Takeshi , Igarashi Noboru , Fuchigami Takamasa , Saito Shinsuke , Ohno Seiko , Horie Minoru , Hatasaki Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman calmodulin (CALM) gene mutation has been reported to be related to inherited arrhythmia syndromes, but the genotype–phenotype relationship remains unclear.Methods and ResultsWe report here a 4‐year‐old boy who had cardiac arrest while playing in a kindergarten playground. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated immediately. Eleven minutes after the cardiac arrest, ambulance crews arrived and an automated external defibrillator was attached. His heart rhythm, which was ventricular fibrillation (VF), was returned to sinus rhythm after only one shock delivery. The boy was brought to hospital by air ambulance. During transfer, electrocardiogram (ECG) showed transient VF. On arrival, chest radiograph showed a cardiothoracic ratio of 55% without pulmonary congestion. A 12‐lead ECG showed a normal sinus rhythm, biphasic T wave, and prolongation of the corrected QT interval. On ECG, VF was preceded by torsade de pointes or frequent polymorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVC). Echocardiography showed a normal heart structure with decreased cardiac function. On the second day of hospitalization, ECG showed remarkable QT prolongation, T‐wave alternans, and frequent PVC. Thereafter, propranolol was started. The ECG showed rapid improvement of QT prolongation and T‐wave abnormality. Genetic test indicated a CALM2 mutation, and he was diagnosed with long QT syndrome‐15 (LQT15).ConclusionsCALM mutations cause long QT syndrome (LQTS), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and idiopathic VF. This patient with a CALM2 p.N98S mutation had both phenotypes of LQTS and CPVT.
Event‐related brain potentials reveal how multiple aspects of semantic processing unfold across parafoveal and foveal vision during sentence reading
Authors: Payne Brennan R. , Stites Mallory C. , Federmeier Kara D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent event‐related brain potential (ERP) experiments have demonstrated parafoveal N400 expectancy and congruity effects, showing that semantic information can be accessed from words in parafoveal vision (a conclusion also supported by some eye‐tracking work). At the same time, it is unclear how higher‐order integrative aspects of language comprehension unfold across the visual field during reading. In the current study, we recorded ERPs in a parafoveal flanker paradigm, while readers were instructed to read passively for comprehension or to judge the plausibility of sentences in which target words varied in their semantic expectancy and congruity. We directly replicated prior work showing graded N400 effects for parafoveal viewing, which are then not duplicated when the target words are processed foveally. Critically, although N400 effects were not modulated by task goals, a posteriorly distributed late positive component thought to reflect semantic integration processes was observed to semantic incongruities only in the plausibility judgment task. However, this effect was observed at a considerable delay, appearing only after words had moved into foveal vision. Our findings thus suggest that semantic access can be initiated in parafoveal vision, whereas central foveal vision may be necessary to enact higher‐order (and task‐dependent) integrative processing.
On integrity in immunity during ontogeny or how thymic regulatory T cells work
Authors: Dembic Zlatko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Standard model of T cell recognition asserts that T cell receptor (TCR) specificities are positively and negatively selected during ontogeny in the thymus and that peripheral T cell repertoire has mild self‐major histocompatibility complex (MHC) reactivity, known as MHC restriction of foreign antigen. Thus, the TCR must bind both a restrictive molecule (MHC allele) and a peptide reclining in its groove (pMHC ligand) in order to transmit signal into a T cell. The Standard and Cohn's Tritope models suggest contradictory roles for complementarity‐determining regions (CDRs) of the TCRs. Here, I discuss both concepts and propose a different solution to ontogenetic mechanism for TCR‐MHC–conserved interaction. I suggest that double (CD4+CD8+)‐positive (DP) developing thymocytes compete with their αβTCRs for binding to self‐pMHC on cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) that present a selected set of tissue‐restricted antigens. The competition between DPs involves TCR editing and secondary rearrangements, similar to germinal‐centre B cell somatic hypermutation. These processes would generate cells with higher TCR affinity for self‐pMHC, facilitating sufficiently long binding to cTECs to become thymic T regulatory cells (tTregs). Furthermore, CD4+Foxp3+tTregs can be generated by mTECs viaAire‐dependent andAire‐independent pathways, and additionally on thymic bone marrow–derived APCs including thymicAire‐expressing B cells. Thymic Tregs differ from the induced peripheral Tregs, which comprise the negative feedback loop to restrain immune responses. The implication of thymocytes’ competition for the highest binding to self‐pMHC is the co‐evolution of species‐specific αβTCR V regions with MHC alleles.
Gene modification by fast‐track recombineering for cellular localization and isolation of components of plant protein complexes
Authors: Hu Zhoubo , Ghosh Ajit , Stolze Sara C. , Horváth Mihály , Bai Bing , Schaefer Sabine , Zündorf Simone , Liu Shanda , Harzen Anne , Hajheidari Mohsen , Sarnowski Tomasz J. , Nakagami Hirofumi , Koncz Zsuzsa , Koncz Csaba 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTo accelerate the isolation of plant protein complexes and study cellular localization and interaction of their components, an improved recombineering protocol is described for simple and fast site‐directed modification of plant genes in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). Coding sequences of fluorescent and affinity tags were inserted into genes and transferred together with flanking genomic sequences of desired size by recombination into Agrobacterium plant transformation vectors using three steps of E. coli transformation with PCR‐amplified DNA fragments. Application of fast‐track recombineering is illustrated by the simultaneous labelling of CYCLIN‐DEPENDENT KINASE D (CDKD) and CYCLIN H (CYCH) subunits of kinase module of TFIIH general transcription factor and the CDKD‐activating CDKF;1 kinase with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and mCherry (green and red fluorescent protein) tags, and a PIPL (His18‐StrepII‐HA) epitope. Functionality of modified CDKF;1 gene constructs is verified by complementation of corresponding T‐DNA insertion mutation. Interaction of CYCH with all three known CDKD homologues is confirmed by their co‐localization and co‐immunoprecipitation. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry analyses of CDKD;2, CYCH, and DNA‐replication‐coupled HISTONE H3.1 validate their association with conserved TFIIH subunits and components of CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY FACTOR 1, respectively. The results document that simple modification of plant gene products with suitable tags by fast‐track recombineering is well suited to promote a wide range of protein interaction and proteomics studies.