bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related deep white matter changes in myelin and water content: A T2 relaxometry study
Authors: Papadaki Efrosini , Kavroulakis Eleftherios , Kalaitzakis Georgios , Karageorgou Dimitra , Makrakis Dimitrios , Maris Thomas G. , Simos Panagiotis G. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAccording to the retrogenesis hypothesis, the rate of age‐related changes in white matter (WM) myelin content varies between early myelinating (parietal, occipital) and late myelinating (prefrontal, lateral–posterior temporal) areas. The multiecho spin echo (MESE), PD‐to‐T2‐weighted sequence provides an index of myelin content (myelin water fraction [MWF]) derived from measurements of myelin water (via the short T2 component [10–50 msec]) and intra‐ and extracellular water (via the long T2 component [>50–200 msec]).PurposeTo assess the shape and regional variations in the rate of age‐related myelin and water content changes in deep WM regions using the MESE sequence.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional.PopulationIn all, 90 healthy adults aged 22–81 years.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/ T1w, T2w, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), MESE sequences.AssessmentShort T2, long T2, and MWF values were measured in prefrontal, parietal, lateral–posterior temporal, and occipital normal‐appearing WM (NAWM) areas.Statistical TestsLinear and quadratic effects of age on long T2 and MWF were assessed through regression analyses. Regional variations in the effect of age on long T2 and MWF values at both the individual and group level were examined, using regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyses, respectively, controlling for total WM volume.ResultsThe rate of age‐related changes in long T2 and MWF was higher for older persons and a significant increase or decline, respectively, was first noted at 60–69 years (P < 0.0033). MWF values peaked earlier (at 30 years of age) and displayed a steeper age‐related reduction in prefrontal and lateral–posterior temporal NAWM as compared with the occipital lobes (P < 0.05). The opposite pattern of age‐related effect was found for long T2 values.Data ConclusionSignificant age‐related reductions in myelin content were closely followed by corresponding increases in intra‐ and extracellular water content. These changes were more pronounced among elderly people and followed an anterior–posterior pattern.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1393–1404.
Liver fibrosis imaging: A clinical review of ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Zhang Yingzhen N. , Fowler Kathryn J. , Ozturk Arinc , Potu Chetan K. , Louie Ashley L. , Montes Vivian , Henderson Walter C. , Wang Kang , Andre Michael P. , Samir Anthony E. , Sirlin Claude B. 
Published: March 2019

Liver fibrosis is a histological hallmark of most chronic liver diseases, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure, and predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis of liver fibrosis is necessary for prognosis, risk stratification, and treatment decision‐making. Liver biopsy, the reference standard for assessing liver fibrosis, is invasive, costly, and impractical for surveillance and treatment response monitoring. Elastography offers a noninvasive, objective, and quantitative alternative to liver biopsy. This article discusses the need for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis and reviews the comparative advantages and limitations of ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography techniques with respect to their basic concepts, acquisition, processing, and diagnostic performance. Variations in clinical contexts of use and common pitfalls associated with each technique are considered. In addition, current challenges and future directions to improve the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of elastography techniques are discussed.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:25–42.
The impact of the presence of left atrial low voltage areas on outcomes from pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Ahmed‐Jushuf Fiyyaz , Murgatroyd Francis , Dhillon Para , Scott Paul A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAF ablation (AFA) with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is highly successful for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). However, success rates for persistent AF (PsAF) are significantly lower. In this study we evaluate the impact of left atrial (LA) low voltage areas (LVA) on response to AFA.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing first‐time radiofrequency AFA were included (n = 160, 53% PAF). PVI was performed followed by LA voltage mapping during sinus rhythm. Patients were categorized as having LVA based on the presence of LVA (0.2‐0.5 mV) in the LA assessed visually by the operator intra‐procedurally. Further adjunctive LA ablation was performed at the operators’ discretion. The end‐point was recurrence of any sustained atrial arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation/tachycardia/flutter) during 12 months follow‐up.ResultsAll patients had PVI and 23 (14%) had adjunctive LA ablation. LVA were found in 49 (31%) patients and were an independent predictor of arrhythmia recurrence. Patients with LVA compared to those without had significantly lower 12‐month arrhythmia‐free survival in both PAF (38% vs 76%; P = 0.002) and PsAF (27% vs 61%; P = 0.015). PsAF patients without LVA (93% had PVI alone) had similar arrhythmia‐free survival to patients with PAF (61% vs 67%, respectively; P = 0.42). Recurrence in patients with LVA compared to those without was more likely to be an organized atrial arrhythmia rather than AF (16/30 recurrences vs 2/26, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe presence of LVA predicts AFA success as well as the type of arrhythmia recurrence. The absence of LVA identifies PsAF patients that respond well to a PVI‐based ablation strategy.
Non‐uniform strain distribution in anterolateral capsule of knee: Implications for surgical repair
Authors: Guenther Daniel , Sexton Stephanie L. , Bell Kevin M. , Irarrázaval Sebastián , Fu Freddie H. , Musahl Volker , Debski Richard E. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe existence of a ligamentous structure within the anterolateral capsule, which can be injured in combination with the anterior cruciate ligament, has been debated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and direction of the strain in the anterolateral capsule in response to external loads applied to the knee. The anterolateral capsule was hypothesized to not function like a traditional ligament. A 6‐degree‐of‐freedom robotic testing system was used to apply ten external loads to human cadaveric knees (n = 7) in the intact and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient states. The position of strain markers was recorded on the midsubstance of the anterolateral capsule during the resulting joint kinematics to determine the magnitude and direction of the maximum principal strain. The peak maximum principal strain ranged from 22% to 52% depending on the loading condition. When histograms of strain magnitude values were analyzed to determine strain uniformity, the mean kurtosis was 1.296 ± 0.955, lower than a typical ligament, and the mean variance was 0.015 ± 0.008, higher than a typical ligament. The mean angles of the strain direction vectors compared to the proposed ligament ranged between 38° and 130° (p < 0.05). The magnitude of the maximum principal strain in the anterolateral capsule is much larger than a typical ligament and does not demonstrate a uniform strain distribution. The direction of strain is also not aligned with the proposed ligament. Clinical Significance: Reconstruction methods using tendons will not produce normal joint function due to replacement of a multi‐axial structure with a uni‐axial structure. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Temporal changes in synovial fluid composition and elastoviscous lubrication in the equine carpal fracture model
Authors: Feeney Elizabeth , Peal Bridgette T. , Inglis Jacqueline E. , Su Jin , Nixon Alan J. , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Reesink Heidi L. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to examine temporal variations in synovial fluid composition and lubrication following articular fracture. Post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was induced by creating an osteochondral fracture in the middle carpal joint of four horses while the contralateral limb served as a sham‐operated control. Horses were exercised on a high‐speed treadmill, and synovial fluid was collected pre‐operatively and at serial timepoints until 75 days post‐operatively. Lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations were measured using sandwich ELISAs, and the molecular weight distribution of HA was analyzed via gel electrophoresis. Synovial fluid viscosity and cartilage friction coefficients across all modes of lubrication were measured on days 0, 19, 33, and 61 using a commercial rheometer and a custom tribometer, respectively. HA concentrations were significantly decreased post‐operatively, and high molecular weight HA (>6.1MDa) did not recover to pre‐operative values by the study termination at day 75. Lubricin concentrations increased after surgery to a greater extent in the OA as compared to sham‐operated limbs. Viscosity was significantly reduced after surgery. While boundary and elastoviscous mode friction coefficients did not vary, the transition number, representing the shift between these modes, was lower. Although more pronounced in the OA limbs, similar derangements in HA, HA molecular weight distribution, viscosity, and transition number were observed in the sham‐operated limbs, which may be explained by synovial fluid washout during arthroscopy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Sensory profile and quality of chemically leavened gluten‐free sorghum bread containing different starches and hydrocolloids
Authors: Ari Akin Pervin , Miller Rebecca , Jaffe Taylor , Koppel Kadri , Ehmke Laura 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDStarches and hydrocolloids are commonly used in gluten‐free sorghum bread formulations to mimic wheat gluten functionality. The effect of different starches and hydrocolloids on the sensory profile and quality of gluten‐free sorghum bread is unknown. In this research, a lexicon for chemically leavened gluten‐free sorghum bread was developed and used to evaluate the sensory profile of sorghum bread made with potato starch plus xanthan gum, rice starch plus xanthan gum and tapioca starch plus hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC).RESULTSA lexicon containing 28 attributes and references for appearance, aroma, flavor and texture/mouthfeel was developed by a panel highly trained in descriptive sensory analysis. The results obtained using sensory analysis and objective testing techniques showed that chemically leavened gluten‐free sorghum bread containing rice starch plus xanthan gum or tapioca starch plus HPMC had a significantly better appearance while bread containing potato starch plus xanthan gum or rice starch plus xanthan gum had a significantly better texture/mouthfeel.CONCLUSIONThe combination of rice starch and xanthan gum resulted in chemically leavened gluten‐free sorghum bread with better crumb appearance and texture/mouthfeel properties than bread made with potato starch plus xanthan gum or tapioca starch plus HPMC. Xanthan gum significantly increased the dietary fiber content of chemically leavened gluten‐free sorghum bread. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibitory effects of scoparone from chestnut inner shell on platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB‐induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and vascular neointima hyperplasia
Authors: Jung Seung Hyo , Lee Gyoung Beom , Ryu Yunkyoung , Cui Long , Lee Hwan Myung , Kim Junghwan , Kim Bokyung , Won Kyung Jong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCompounds of the inner shell of chestnut (Castanea crenata) have diverse biological activities, including anti‐cancer and anti‐oxidant activities. Here we explored the effects of an extract of chestnut inner shells and of its bioactive component scoparone on vascular smooth muscle cell migration and vessel damage.RESULTSThe ethanol extract of chestnut inner shells, containing 11 major compounds, inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB‐induced migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Among these compounds, scoparone (6,7‐dimethoxycoumarin) suppressed RASMC migration and wound healing in response to PDGF‐BB but did not affect RASMC proliferation. In RASMCs, scoparone inhibited the PDGF‐BB‐induced rat aortic sprout outgrowth and attenuated the PDGF‐BB‐mediated increase in phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 MAPK and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2. The in vivo administration of scoparone resulted in the attenuation of neointima formation in balloon‐injured carotid arteries of rats.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that scoparone, found in chestnut inner shells, may inhibit cell migration through suppression of the phosphorylation of MAPKs in PDGF‐BB‐treated RASMCs, probably contributing to the reduction of neointimal hyperplasia induced after vascular injury. Therefore, scoparone and chestnut inner shell may be a potential agent or functional food, respectively, for the prevention of vascular disorders such as vascular restenosis or atherosclerosis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Variation of drought resistance of rice genotypes released in different years in China
Authors: Wang Baoxiang , Xu Bo , Liu Yan , Chen Xubing , Liu Jiawei , Zhi Wenfang , Xing Yungao , Yang Bo , Li Jian , Chi Ming , Liu Jinbo , Chen Tingmu , Xu Dayong , Zhu Guanglong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrought is the most serious limiting factor of rice production worldwide and is becoming more intensive with climate change in recent years. Screening and breeding drought‐tolerant rice genotypes are essential to maintain yield gain and ensure food security under adverse environments. However, thus far, little attention has been given to the temporal changes of drought resistance concomitant with the year of release in rice genetic breeding.RESULTSSixteen rice genotypes bred or widely cultivated from 1934 to 2007 were grown in paddy fields (control) and upland fields (drought stress) to explore the variation of drought resistance in rice genotypes with the year of release. Grain yield and daily grain yield significantly increased with the year of release. The genetic improvements in the grain yield partially resulted from the significant increase in panicle, spikelets per panicle and filling percentage. In addition, various growth‐related characteristics like biomass, harvest index, relative growth rate, grain density and growth duration increased with an increase of genetic refinement of the genotypes through the years, and they contributed to improvement of final rice yields. However, grain yield, yield components and these growth‐related traits sharply declined under drought stress. Furthermore, the drought resistance coefficients of KYield, KDaily grain yield, KPanicle number, KSpikelets per panicle, KBiomass, KPlant height, KRelative growth rate and KFilling percentage were prominently improved by genetic breeding.CONCLUSIONSDrought resistance of rice genotypes has been significantly enhanced by genetic processes during the last 73 years in China, but they are still sensitive to drought conditions. Currently, there is still room for further improvement in drought resistance which is an important target in future breeding programs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term evaluation of satisfaction and side effects after modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Friberg Danielle , Sundman Joar , Browaldh Nanna 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisWe have previously shown that modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is effective to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and that the effect is stable after 24 months. This continuous report includes questionnaires and phone interviews.Study DesignProspective intervention study.MethodsSixty‐five patients with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) score ≥ 15, body mass index <36 kg/m2, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score ≥ 8 underwent modified UPPP after failing nonsurgical treatment. The results from a patient questionnaire at 6 and 24 months after surgery were correlated with age, body mass index, and ESS and AHI scores. Patients reporting side effects and/or regretting the surgery after 24 months were selected for phone interviews 9 years after surgery.ResultsThe response rate was 80% and 74% at the 6‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups, respectively. Of those who responded to the questionnaire, 96% and 83% were satisfied after 6 and 24 months, respectively; 98% and 92% recommended the surgery. Side effects (globus, mucus, and voice and swallowing disorders) occurred in 38% and 31%, respectively. Dissatisfaction correlated significantly with high postoperative AHI and ESS scores, but not with occurrence of side effects. Younger subjects had a higher rate of recommendation and lower rate of side effects than did older subjects. Phone interviews after 9 years were responded to by 14 of 16 selected patients, and the responders reported minor or no side effects.ConclusionsThe vast majority of the OSA patients were satisfied 24 months after surgery, even though a third of them were experiencing side effects. Younger patients had fewer side effects than did older patients. Patients with better OSA outcomes were also more satisfied. After 9 years the side effects were no longer problematic.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 130:263–268, 2020
Factors associated with opioid use after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Raikundalia Milap D. , Cheng Tracy Z. , Truong Tracy , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Ryu Jiyoung , Abi Hachem Ralph , Jang David W. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisResponsible prescribing of postoperative pain medications is necessary in combatting the current opioid epidemic in the United States. The goal of this study was to determine which clinical factors affect opioid usage following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).Study DesignRetrospective medical records study.MethodsThis is a single‐institution retrospective study of subjects undergoing FESS by the senior author between September 2016 and December 2017. Opioid usage was assessed for each patient at the first postoperative visit. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with pain medication usage. Patients using opioids prior to surgery were excluded.ResultsA total of 136 patients were stratified into three groups based on number of opioid tablets taken during the first week after surgery: 31 patients (23%) took no opioids, 61 patients (45%) took one to five tablets, and 44 patients (32%) took more than five tablets. Gender, extent of surgery, revision surgery, polyp status, and cystic fibrosis did not significantly vary between the three groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise variable selection method revealed that those who had septoplasty (odds ratio [OR]: 4.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68‐13.98; P < .01) or were of younger age (OR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93‐0.99; P = .01) had significantly higher odds of taking >5 tablets.ConclusionsThe majority of patients undergoing FESS did not take more than 5 opioid tablets after surgery. Concurrent septoplasty and younger age were associated with increased opioid usage. Knowledge of such factors can help surgeons to assess opioid prescribing patterns and to counsel their patients on postoperative pain.Laryngoscope, 129:1751–1755, 2019
Value of lingual lymph node metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Fang Qigen , Li Peng , Qi Jinxing , Luo Ruihua , Chen Defeng , Zhang Xu 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of lingual lymph node (LLN) metastasis on locoregional control (LRC) in patients with locally advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsA total of 231 patients were prospectively enrolled. Analyses focused on the association between the LLN metastasis and clinical pathologic variables as well as the significance of LLN metastasis in predicting prognosis.ResultsLLNs were noted in 58 patients, 33 of whom were positive for LLN metastasis. LLN metastasis was significantly related to adverse pathologic characteristics. In patients with LLN metastasis, the 5‐year LRC rate was 45%. In patients without LLN metastasis, the 5‐year LRC rate was 65% and the difference was significant (P = 0.013). Further, Cox model analysis confirmed the independence of LLN metastasis from prognosis prediction.ConclusionLLN metastasis in locally advanced tongue SCC is relatively uncommon; however, LLNs should be routinely dissected because they could significantly decrease locoregional control.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 129:2527–2530, 2019
Surface Microstructure Regulation of Porous Polymer Microspheres by Volume Contraction of Phase Separation Process in Traditional Suspension Polymerization System
Authors: Wang Jiqi , Yang Zuoting , Xu Jia , Ahmad Mudasir , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Aibo , Zhang Qiuyu , Kou Xiaokang , Zhang Baoliang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the suspension polymerization method is used for the preparation of porous polymer microspheres with different surface morphology, and the preparation mechanism is systematically expounded. The morphology results show that the smooth, convex, and wrinkled microspheres could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of monomer to porogens. The micelles forming the framework support the “Eggshell,” and its size and shape directly affect the morphology of “Eggshell.” The addition of monomers (GMA), whose polymer has low glass transition temperature (Tg), is important for the formation of wrinkled morphology. The amount of toluene and polydimethylsiloxane also affects the surface morphology of microspheres. In addition, the effect of polydimethylsiloxane is also more significant. The preparation process of the wrinkled P(GMA‐St‐EGDA) microspheres with abundant epoxy groups can be amplified. The morphology of the material prepared in the 100 L reactor is well maintained, and the yield in the size range of 80–160 µm is more than 80%. The surface wrinkled porous polymer microspheres have potential applications in the fields of enzyme carrier, separation and purification, and light scattering.