bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving mtDNA populations within cells
Authors: Johnston Iain G. , Burgstaller Joerg P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes vital respiratory machinery. Populations of mtDNA molecules exist in most eukaryotic cells, subject to replication, degradation, mutation, and other population processes. These processes affect the genetic makeup of cellular mtDNA populations, changing cell-to-cell distributions, means, and variances of mutant mtDNA load over time. As mtDNA mutant load has nonlinear effects on cell functionality, and cell functionality has nonlinear effects on tissue performance, these statistics of cellular mtDNA populations play vital roles in health, disease, and inheritance. This mini review will describe some of the better-known ways in which these populations change over time in different organisms, highlighting the importance of quantitatively understanding both mutant load mean and variance. Due to length constraints, we cannot attempt to be comprehensive but hope to provide useful links to some of the many excellent studies on these topics.
Interleaved centre clamped forward converter (ICCFC) for wide input voltage range applications
Authors: Veeraraghavalu Rajini , Dheeraj Alagu 
Published: September 2019

A new interleaved centre clamped forward converter for high current applications is proposed. It is a series input and series output structure with common active clamp reset branch. In the proposed converter, both the high input voltage stress and output current stress are reduced. The converter comprises of two active clamp forward converters with one common centre clamp reset circuit and the series output comprises of a current double rectifier (CDR) with self‐driven synchronous rectifier (SDSR). The capacitor divider at the input reduces the switching stress due to input voltage. The common centre clamp circuit enables the transformer core reset without any additional circuit and enables zero volt switching. The SDSR‐based CDR reduces burden on the secondary side of the transformer by an additional current sharing. Extended duty cycle beyond 50% is achieved. Overall reduction in the size of magnetic components with reduced part count and high‐power density is attained. Prototype for 50 W with input voltage in the range of 50—200 V, 5 V/10 A output at 100 kHz was developed. The experimental results match the theoretical investigations.
Prävention und Therapie von Adipositas durch
Personalisierung der Ernährung
Authors: Schröder Torsten , Sina Christian 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungÜbergewicht und Adipositas zeigen eine deutlich steigende Prävalenz auf und
begünstigen Folgekomplikationen wie Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskuläre
Endpunkte. Die bisherige Ernährungstherapie konnte dieser Entwicklung nicht
ausreichend effektiv entgegentreten. Personalisierungsstrategien unter
Zuhilfenahme von modernen Analyseverfahren objektivierbarer Messgrößen stellen
eine innovative und effektive Strategie dar, um Übergewicht und Adipositas
sowohl zu verhindern als auch zu therapieren. Die hohe Individualität des
Darm-Mikrobioms und der postprandialen Blutzuckerregulation steht im Zentrum
dieser Ansätze.
Lebensmittelkennzeichnung als Maßnahme zur Prävention von
Übergewicht und Adipositas
Authors: Holzapfel Christina 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie hohe Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas in Deutschland zeigt einen
deutlichen Handlungsbedarf auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Neben der Verbesserung der
Therapieoptionen stehen präventive Maßnahmen im Mittelpunkt. Letztere stellen
eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe dar, die von Wissenschaft und Medizin
gemeinsam mit Politik und Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens, der Wirtschaft, den
Medien sowie den Betroffenen erarbeitet und vertreten werden muss. Es ist nötig,
die gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen so zu gestalten, dass allen Menschen
ein gesundheitsförderlicher Lebensstil erleichtert wird. Verschiedene präventive
Strategien werden diskutiert, wobei es an einer konsequenten flächendeckenden
Umsetzung fehlt. Unter anderem steht eine verbesserte und einheitliche
Lebensmittelkennzeichnung zur Diskussion, um mehr Transparenz für die
Verbraucher zu schaffen und eine bewusstere und gesündere Entscheidung beim
Lebensmittelkauf zu erleichtern. Obwohl es gute Hinweise für die Wirksamkeit
einer transparenten Lebensmittelkennzeichnung auf das Gesundheitsverhalten der
Verbraucher gibt, geht die politische Entscheidung für eine entsprechende
Kennzeichnung nur schleppend voran.
Phenotypically distinct neutrophils patrol uninfected human and mouse lymph nodes
Authors: Lok Laurence S. C. , Dennison Thomas W. , Mahbubani Krishnaa M. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Chilvers Edwin R. , Clatworthy Menna R. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
The classical view of neutrophils is as circulating phagocytes that are recruited to tissues following infection or injury. Here we show that neutrophils were present in mouse and human lymph nodes in the absence of perturbation. Lymph node neutrophils were phenotypically distinct, with increased expression of major histocompatibility complex II, and predominantly localized to the interfollicular zone, where CD4 T lymphocytes are activated. Neutrophils trafficked into lymph nodes via blood and lymphatic vessels, and were capable of rapidly carrying systemically acquired, IgG antibody-opsonized cargo to lymph nodes. These data support a novel role for neutrophils in homeostatic immune surveillance, sampling circulating antigens and delivering them to lymph nodes, with the potential to activate adaptive immunity.
Differential requirements for FcγR engagement by protective antibodies against Ebola virus
Authors: Bournazos Stylianos , DiLillo David J. , Goff Arthur J. , Glass Pamela J. , Ravetch Jeffrey V. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
In recent years, systematic research efforts have led to the preclinical development of antibody-based therapeutics that confer potent antiviral activity against Ebola virus (EBOV). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against virus pathogens depend on their interaction with specialized leukocyte receptors (Fcγ receptors [FcγRs]) to confer antiviral functions. FcγR engagement by IgG antibodies induces leukocyte activation and mediates pleiotropic effector functions to control virus infection. Here, we examined the contribution of FcγR engagement to the antibody-mediated protection against EBOV infection in unique animal models of EBOV infection. Our findings suggest that anti-EBOV antibodies exhibit differential requirements for FcγR engagement to confer protection from EBOV infection, guiding the design of optimized antibody-based therapeutics with maximal protective efficacy.
English as a lingua franca (ELF) in Chinese fansubbers’ practices
Authors: Lee Tzu-yi Elaine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As a global phenomenon, English as a lingua franca (ELF) has been rigorously researched in many fields but
completely ignored in translation studies. Based on a previous study, this study accordingly sets out to investigate the ELF
phenomenon in the fansubbing culture with a specific focus on the notes and comments by fansubbers, arguing that fansubbing as a
practice creates a space for dialogue between fan translators and their viewers that leads to the ‘empowerment’ of fansubbers as
linguistic and cultural mediators. By examining specific screenshots of headnotes and comments by amateur translators with regard
to six seasons of the TV series Rizzoli & Isles, this paper discusses background reasons for ELF applied by
fansubbers, the implications of the ELF phenomenon in fansubbing culture, and the potential effects of fansubbing upon the
audience in contradistinction to the effects of commercial subtitling and upon the translation profession as a whole.
Finally, this article hopes to shed light on Chinese fansubbers who in fact blur the traditional distinction between professional
and amateur subtitling, and concludes that the specific language practices fansubbers are engaged in show – as both fans and
translators – an unlimited degree of latitude from mainstream subtitling.
Superconductivity in a new layered triangular-lattice system Li2IrSi2
Authors: Horigane K , Takeuchi K , Hyakumura D , Horie R , Sato T , Muranaka T , Kawashima K , Ishii H , Kubozono Y , Orimo S , Isobe M , Akimitsu J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We report on the crystal structure and superconducting properties of a novel iridium-silicide, namely Li2IrSi2. It has a Ag2NiO2-type structure (space group R-3m) with the lattice parameters a = 4.028 30(6) Å and c = 13.161 80(15) Å. The crystal structure comprises IrSi2 and double Li layers stacked alternately along the c-axis. The IrSi2 layer includes a two-dimensional Ir equilateral-triangular lattice. Electrical resistivity and static magnetic measurements revealed that Li2IrSi2 is a type-II superconductor with critical temperature (T
c) of 3.3 K. We estimated the following superconducting parameters: lower critical field H
c1(0) ∼ 42 Oe, upper critical field H
c2(0) ∼ 1.7 kOe, penetration depth λ
0 ∼ 265 nm, coherence length ξ
0 ∼ 44 nm, and Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ
GL ∼ 6.02. The specific-heat data suggested that superconductivity in Li2IrSi2 could be attributed to weak-coupling Cooper pairs.
Developed river deltas: are they sustainable?
Authors: Loucks Daniel P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background. Coastal river deltas provide multiple ecosystem services. Many deltas serve as major centers of agriculture, industry and commerce. The annual economic benefits derived from major deltas are often a substantial fraction of a country’s GDP. Yet, many deltas are losing land due to erosion, subsidence and subsequent flooding. Such vulnerabilities are often increased due to local land and water management decisions, relative sea-level rise, and increases in climate extremes. Aim of this review. Considerable literature exists addressing the formation of deltas and the effects of increasing urbanization, industrialization and crop and fish production, increases in relative sea level rise, and decreasing sediment deposition. This leads to the question: are the economic, environmental, ecological and social benefits derived from developed river deltas sustainable? This review focuses on this question. Methods/Design. Over 180 published documents were identified and reviewed using various search engines and key words. These key words included river deltas; delta sustainability, vulnerability, resilience, coasts, ecology, hazards, erosion, water management, urbanization, reclamation, agriculture, governance, pollution, geomorphology, economic development, socio-economic changes, and delta wetlands; relative sea level change; sediment trapping; sand mining; salinity intrusion; coastal restoration; estuarine engineering; shoreline evolution; estuarine processes; and the names of specific river basin deltas. Review Results/Synthesis and Discussion. Deltas provide humans important resources and ecosystem services leading to their intensive development. The impacts of this development, together with sea-level rise, threatens the sustainability of many river deltas. Various management and governance measures are available to help sustain deltas. Controls on land use, improved farming and transport technology, wetland habitat protection, and d improved governance are some that might help sustain the economic and ecological services provided by deltas. However, increased population growth and the impacts of climate change will put increased pressure on deltas and the benefits derived from them.
Intercomparison of daily precipitation persistence in multiple global observations and climate models
Authors: Moon Heewon , Gudmundsson Lukas , Guillod Benoit P , Venugopal V , Seneviratne Sonia I 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Daily precipitation persistence is affected by various atmospheric and land processes and provides complementary information to precipitation amount statistics for understanding the precipitation dynamics. In this study, daily precipitation persistence is assessed in an exhaustive ensemble of observation-based daily precipitation datasets and evaluated in global climate model (GCM) simulations for the period of 2001–2013. Daily precipitation time series are first transformed into categorical time series of dry and wet spells with a 1 mm d−1 precipitation threshold. Subsequently, P

dd
(P

ww
), defined as the probability of a dry (wet) day to be followed by another dry (wet) day is calculated to represent daily precipitation persistence. The analysis focuses on the long-term mean and interannual variability (IAV) of the two indices. Both multi-observation and multi-model means show higher values of P

dd
than P

ww
. GCMs overestimate P

ww
with a relatively homogeneous spatial bias pattern. They overestimate P

dd
in the Amazon and Central Africa but underestimate P

dd
in several regions such as southern Argentina, western North America and the Tibetan Plateau. The IAV of both P

dd
and P

ww
is generally underestimated in climate models, but more strongly for P

ww
. Overall, our results highlight systematic model errors in daily precipitation persistence that are substantially larger than the already considerable spread across observational products. These findings also provide insights on how precipitation persistence biases on a daily time scale relate to well-documented persistence biases at longer time scales in state-of-the-art GCMs.
Biodegradation of styrofoam waste by ligninolytic fungi and bacteria
Authors: Yanto D H Y , Krishanti N P R A , Ardiati F C , Anita S H , Nugraha I K , Sari F P , Laksana R P B , Sapardi S , Watanabe T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Styrofoam wastes are composed of many polymerized styrene monomers that are generally considered to be recalcitrant and are resistant to biodegradation. In this study, the ability of ligninolytic fungi and bacteria were investigated on degradation of styrofoam wastes. All the fungi and bacteria used were able to grow on agar media containing styrofoam. Fungi Cymatoderma dendriticum WM01, Ceriporia sp. BIOM3, and Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007 degraded 15.7%, 19.4%, and 74.4% styrofoam within 30 d, respectively. Cerratia marcescens BLSP4, Bacillus subtilis BLSP4, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BLSP4 degraded 38.3%, 52.6%, and 63.4% styrofoam, respectively. SEM analysis demonstrated the appearance of micro pore in styrofoams treated with Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007 and P. aeruginosa indicating biodegradation. In addition, analysis using UATR FTIR corroborated removal of some functional groups from the degraded styrofoam were eliminated. This study showed strains of ligninolytic fungi and selected bacteria have the potential to be used in bioremediation of styrofoam wastes.
Jatropha curcas as a potential plant for bauxite phytoremediation
Authors: Rahim F A A , Hamid T H T A , Zainuddin Z 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abandon bauxite mining sites can cause serious environmental problems, such as poor soil quality, air pollution, erosion and flood. Jatropha curcas could possibly be used to remediate barren bauxite mining sites. The objective of this study was to study the growth performance of J. curcas on top soil (control) and bauxite mined soil. Observation of the plant growth was recorded weekly, including days to rooting, number of roots per cutting, days to new bud opening, number of shoots per cutting, number of leaves per cutting, plant height and chlorophyll content. Data collected on the growth performance of J. curcas were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows Standard Version. Based on the results obtained, J. curcas could thrive and grow on bauxite mined soil as it has higher significantly difference in number of leaves and plant height after growing on bauxite mined soil. Therefore, J. curcas is suitable for phytoremediation, in order to solve the environmental problems that occur on the bauxite mined site.
Growth ability and denitrification activity of bacterial isolates on media containing propoxur
Authors: Agustiyani D , Dewi T K , Nditasari A , Antonius S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Denitrifying bacteria are expected to be a promising organism to degrade pesticides by using them as carbon and nitrogen substrate. The potential of denitrifying bacterial isolates namely TK Bali, KT, UHT, L7T4, and C.pkr in degrading propoxur was studied through growth ability test and denitrification activity on three types of media containing propoxur. The media were NB (Nutrient Broth), MS (Mineral Salt), and MS + glucose added with various concentrations of propoxur (500, 1000, 1500 ppm). Bacterial growth was analyzed by measuring turbidity (OD) at a wavelength of 436 nm. Denitrification activity was measured by nitrate reduction capacity. Concentration of propoxur and isopropoxyphenol were measured using HPLC. The results showed that the highest growth and denitrification activities were in NB media. Denitrifying bacteria can grow in NB media containing propoxur up to 1500 ppm concentration, but the growth and denitrification activities decreased with the increasing concentration of propoxur. The denitrifying bacteria isolates seemed not to be able to use propoxur as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Denitrifying bacteria were resistant to propoxur to a certain concentration, but were unable to degrade propoxur, or it could degrade propoxur, but only in very low capacity. Isolate Brevundimonas diminuta, L7T4 was able to degrade propoxur to isopropoxyphenol in relatively low rate of degradation, less than 20 % of propoxur was degraded in 2 days of incubation.
Acrylonitrile degradation by whole cells of Corynebacterium sp. D5, isolated from polluted industrial waste
Authors: Sunarko B , Sulistinah N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Acrylonitrile is a toxic organo-cyanide compound extensively used as solvents and in the manufacture of plastics, polymers, synthetic fibers, resin, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals and vitamins. Because of its acute neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, discharge of acrylonitrile contained wastewater can lead to serious environmental pollution if is not controlled. Microbial degradation has been considered as a way of removing highly toxic nitriles from industrial waste. In our studies, the biodegradation of acrylonitrile was demonstrated by using whole cells of Corynebacterum sp. D5 isolated from polluted industrial wastewater. Although the bacterium could not utilized the compound as a source of carbon, energy and nitrogen for its growth, Corynebacterium sp. D5 was capable to degrade acrylonitrile (CH2=CH-CN) into acrylamide (CH2=CH-CONH2) and acrylic acid (CH2=CH-OOH). The acrylonitrile degradation took place via a two-steps reaction invoving nitrile-hydratase and amidase. During the degradation, the highest nitril hydratase activity was 4.894 nmol.(min.mg) −1 with the optimum temperature and pH was 25°C and pH 7.0, while the highest amidase acivity was 1,315 nmol.(min.mg) −1, with the optimum temparature and pH was 50°C and pH 6.0, respectively. Besides on acetonitrile as inducer, Corynebacterium sp. D5 was also able to grow on various saturated low molecular weight of nitrile and amide compounds.
Isolation, physiological characters and effectivity of bacterial isolates of root nodules from various plants on the growth of Vigna radiata L
Authors: Purwaningsih S , Nditasari A , Antonius S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) are legume plants that can establish symbiosis with Rhizobacteria to fix N2 from air. Research on isolation, physiological characters and effectiveness of bacteria isolates of root nodules from various plants on the growth of Vigna radiata L has been carried out.The objective of study was to get effective Rhizobacteria isolates which can be potentially used as biological fertilizer agents. Characterization of 16 isolates were carried out and all were included in the fast growing group. For physiological characters of 16 isolates showed that11 isolates were able to produce IAA, 7 isolates were able to solubilize phosphate, 13 isolates were able to produce siderophore, and 16 isolates had protease enzyme and catalase activities. Ten isolates that have growth support activities: AD (1), AD (2), AD (3), AD (4), AD (7), AD (10), LK (2), EKP (1), EKP (2 ), and KcKP (1) were tested for its effectiveness on Vigna radiata L. As a control plant without inoculation on soil media (K1) and plants without being inoculated in plants in soil and compost media (K2).The design used was Completely Randomized Design. The plants were harvested at the age of 55 days. The parameters which were observed were: height of plant, number of leaves, dry weight of canopy, roots, root nodules, total of plants, wet weight of pods, number of pods and chlorophyll content. Inoculation of isolate AD (7) had increased the growth of Vigna radiata L compared to control.
Effect of zeolite particle size and levels of phosphate concentration in phosphate absorption and growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: A’isyah S , Napitupulu T P , Sudiana I M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Medium particle size plays an important role in plant growth and absorbtion of nutrients. Pore types affect root development and infiltration. In addition, zeolite can increase the efficiency of nutrient use by increasing the availability of phosphate rock and exchange cation without structural changes. The experimental to determine the optimal particle size of zeolite in absorbing phosphate with design a complete random block. Media composition consists of coarse zeolite (ZK) and fine zeolite (ZH) with ratio of 50% ZK + 50% ZH (A1), 25% ZK + 75% ZH (A2) and 75% ZK + 25% ZH (A3). ZK and ZH distribution by mixing it in the tray. The result show that the percentage of survival is A3 which has 78%, A2 and A1 having 33%. Respectively, medium 75% ZK + 25% ZH (A3) was tested for phosphate absorption test, using 5 different levels namely 0 mM phosphate levels (A31), 0.3 mM (A32), 1 mM (A33), 3 mM (A34), and 10 mM (A35). Experimental results that addition of 10 mM phosphate (A35) increased plant length by 51.35%, leaf width 42.50%, wet and dry weight by 156.52% and 195, 54%, weight wet root 53.46% and phosphate content 195.58%. It can be concluded that A3 support the phosphate absorption to sorghum growth.
Valuation of goods and services derived from plantation forest in peat swamp forest area: the case of South Sumatra Province
Authors: Ulya N A , Nurlia A , Kunarso A , Martin E , Waluyo E A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Natural forest area is decreasing but planted forest is increasing by years. The main target of establishment of industrial plantation forest is rehabilitating unproductive production forest areas (mitigate land degradation). Plantation forest ecosystem also expected provide some goods and services even though timber production usually become the main service. This paper aims to present data and information about the value of goods and services derived from plantations forest with case studies in the South Sumatra Province. The Total Economic Value (TEV) concept used as the framework to quantify value of the goods and services derived from plantations forest. The TEV concept widely use to measure the utilitarian value of ecosystems to support efficient resources allocation. The result indicates that the economic value of goods and services derived from plantaton forest that reflected by the TEV of plantation forest is about 17,242.72 USD. This value is higher than TEV of natural secondary forest and abandoned peatswamp forest. Its indicates that plantation forest can provide both timber and non-timber benefits that generated by the ecological functions of plantation forest. In peat swamps area, development of plantation forest with adaptive species will support timber producion and mitigate forest land degradation.