bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The roles of social influences on student competence, relatedness, achievement, and retention in STEM
Authors: Hilts Alexis , Part Rachel , Bernacki Matthew L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudents’ perceptions of competence and relatedness are known to influence learning processes and achievement, and may have particular import for underrepresented science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) learners. Sources of social support that contribute to undergraduate life science learners’ perceived competence and relatedness were examined, as were achievement and retention outcomes influenced by these sources of support and self‐determination theory components. Female, ethnically underrepresented, or first‐generation students reported similar levels of perceived competence and relatedness in STEM compared to their majority counterparts at a large, urban university. However, social supports, competence, and relatedness were differentially important for these subgroups as predictors of achievement and intention to leave a science major. For the full sample, competence perceptions predicted greater achievement and lessened intentions to leave a major. Competence perceptions were primarily derived from contact with classmates, especially for underrepresented groups. Feelings of relatedness were specifically important for the retention of women pursuing science degrees. Contacts with STEM peers and classmates were sources of relatedness for majority groups, but classmate contact was not significant for underrepresented groups. Findings highlight the value of promoting competence and relatedness and the differing sources that these subgroups draw on to build the perceived competence and relatedness that can predict achievement and retention.
Partition functions on 3d circle bundles and their gravity duals
Authors: Toldo Chiara , Willett Brian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The partition function of a three-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

theory on the manifold ℳ
g,p
, an S
1 bundle of degree p over a closed Riemann surface Σ
g
, was recently computed via supersymmetric localization. In this paper, we compute these partition functions at large N in a class of quiver gauge theories with holographic M-theory duals. We provide the supergravity bulk dual having as conformal boundary such three-dimensional circle bundles. These configurations are solutions to

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

minimal gauged supergravity and pertain to the class of Taub-NUT-AdS and Taub-Bolt-AdS preserving 1/4 of the supersymmetries. We discuss the conditions for the uplift of these solutions to M-theory, and compute the on-shell action via holographic renormalization. We show that the uplift condition and on-shell action for the Bolt solutions are correctly reproduced by the large N limit of the partition function of the dual superconformal field theory. In particular, the Σ
g
× S
1 = ℳ
g,0 partition function, which was recently shown to match the entropy of AdS4 black holes, and the S
3 ≅ ℳ0,1 free energy, occur as special cases of our formalism, and we comment on relations between them.
Measurement of Γee(J/ψ) with KEDR detector
Authors: Anashin V. V , Aulchenko V. M , Baldin E. M , Barladyan A. K , Barnyakov A. Y , Barnyakov M. Y , Baru S. E , Bedny I. V , Blinov A. E , Blinov V. E , Bobrov A. V , Bobrovnikov V. S , Bogomyagkov A. V , Bondar A. E , Bondarev D. V , Buzykaev A. R , Eidelman S. I , Glukhovchenko Y. M , Gulevich V. V , Gusev D. V , Karnaev S. E , Karpov G. V , Karpov S. V , Kharlamova T. A , Kiselev V. A , Kononov S. A , Kotov K. Y , Kravchenko E. A , Kulikov V. F , Kurkin G. Y , Kuper E. A , Levichev E. B , Maksimov D. A , Malyshev V. M , Maslennikov A. L , Medvedko A. S , Meshkov O. I , Mishnev S. I , Morozov I. I , Muchnoi N. Y , Neufeld V. V , Nikitin S. A , Nikolaev I. B , Okunev I. N , Onuchin A. P , Oreshkin S. B , Orlov I. O , Osipov A. A , Peleganchuk S. V , Pivovarov S. G , Piminov P. A , Petrov V. V , Poluektov A. O , Popkov I. N , Prisekin V. G , Rezanova O. L , Ruban A. A , Sandyrev V. K , Savinov G. A , Shamov A. G , Shatilov D. N , Shwartz B. A , Simonov E. A , Sinyatkin S. V , Skovpen Y. I , Skrinsky A. N , Smaluk V. V , Sokolov A. V , Sukharev A. M , Starostina E. V , Talyshev A. A , Tayursky V. A , Telnov V. I , Tikhonov Y. A , Todyshev K. Y , Tumaikin G. M , Usov Y. V , Vorobiov A. I , Yushkov A. N , Zhilich V. N , Zhulanov V. V , Zhuravlev A. N 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe product of the electronic width of theJ/ψmeson and the branching fractions of its decay to hadrons and electrons has been measured using the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4Me+e−collider. The obtained values are$$ \begin{array}{c}\hfill {\Gamma}_{ee}\left(J/\psi \right)=5.550\pm 0.056\pm 0.089\kern0.5em \mathrm{keV},\hfill \\ {}\hfill {\Gamma}_{ee}\left(J/\psi \right)\cdotp {\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}}_{\mathrm{hadrons}}\left(J/\psi \right)=4.884\pm 0.048\pm 0.078\kern0.5em \mathrm{keV},\hfill \\ {}\hfill {\Gamma}_{ee}\left(J/\psi \right)\cdotp {\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}}_{ee}\left(J/\psi \right)=0.3331\pm 0.0066\pm 0.0040\kern0.5em \mathrm{keV}.\hfill \end{array} $$ΓeeJ/ψ=5.550±0.056±0.089keV,ΓeeJ/ψ·ℬhadronsJ/ψ=4.884±0.048±0.078keV,ΓeeJ/ψ·ℬeeJ/ψ=0.3331±0.0066±0.0040keV.The uncertainties shown are statistical and systematic, respectively. Using the result presented and the world-average value of the electronic branching fraction, one obtains the total width of theJ/ψmeson:$$ \Gamma =92.94\pm 1.83\kern0.5em \mathrm{keV}. $$Γ=92.94±1.83keV.These results are consistent with the previous experiments.
Case‐Matched Comparison of Long‐Term Functional and Quality of Life Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Versus Open Ileal Pouch‐Anal Anastomosis
Authors: Lavryk Olga A. , Stocchi Luca , Ashburn Jean H. , Costedio Meagan , Gorgun Emre , Hull Tracy L. , Kessler Hermann , Delaney Conor P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is associated with recovery benefits when compared with open IPAA. There is limited data on long‐term quality of life and functional outcomes, which this study aimed to assess.MethodsAn IRB‐approved, prospectively maintained database was queried to identify patients undergoing laparoscopic IPAA (L), case‐matched with open IPAA (O) based on age ± 5 years, gender, body mass index (BMI) ± 5 kg/m2, diagnosis, date of surgery ± 3 years, stapled/handsewn anastomosis, omission of diverting loop ileostomy and length of follow‐up ± 3 years. We assessed functional results, dietary, social, work, sexual restrictions and the Cleveland Clinic global quality of life score (CGQoL) at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 years postoperatively. Functional outcomes were assessed based on number of stools (day/night) and seepage protection use (day/night). Variables were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier survival curves, uni‐ and multivariable analyses.ResultsOut of 4595 IPAAs, 529 patients underwent L, of whom 404 patients were well matched 1:1 to an equivalent number of O based on all criteria. Median follow‐ups were 2 (0.5–17.8) versus 2.4 (0.5–22.2) years in L versus O, respectively (p = 0.18). L was associated with significantly decreased number of stools at night and less frequent pad usage at 1 year, both during the day and at night. Functional outcomes became similar during further follow‐up. L was also associated with improved overall CGQoL, and energy scores at 1 year postoperatively, and decreased social restrictions for 1–2 years. There were no significant differences in quality of health, dietary, work or sexual restrictions. Laparoscopy was not associated with increased risk of pouch failure (p = 0.07) or significantly different causes of pouch failure when compared to O.ConclusionsLaparoscopic and open IPAA are associated with equivalent long‐term functional outcomes, quality of life and pouch survival rates. Laparoscopic technique is associated with temporary benefits lasting 1 or 2 years.
Ontogeny of white matter, toll‐like receptor expression, and motor skills in the neonatal ferret
Authors: Snyder Jessica M. , Wood Thomas R. , Corry Kylie , Moralejo Daniel H. , Parikh Pratik , Juul Sandra E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInflammation caused by perinatal infection, superimposed with hypoxia and/or hyperoxia, appears to be important in the pathogenesis of preterm neonatal encephalopathy, with white matter particularly vulnerable during the third trimester. The associated inflammatory response is at least partly mediated through Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐dependent mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry, gene expression, and behavioral studies were used to characterize white matter development and determine TLR3 and TLR4 expression and accumulation in the neonatal ferret brain. Expression of markers of white matter development increased significantly between postnatal day (P)1 and P10 (NG2, PDGFRα) or P15 (Olig2), and either remained elevated (NG2), or decreased again at P40 (PDGFRα, Olig2). Olig2 immunostaining within the internal capsule was also greatest at P15. Myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining and mRNA expression increased markedly from P15 to P40 and into adulthood, which correlated with increasing performance on behavioral tests (negative geotaxis, cliff aversion, righting reflex, and catwalk gait analysis). TLR4 and TLR3 positive staining was low at all ages, but TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA expression both increased significantly from P1 to P40. Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hypoxia/hyperoxia exposure at P10, meningeal and parenchymal inflammation was seen, including an increase in TLR4 positive cells. These data suggest that the neuroinflammation associated with prematurity could be modeled in the newborn ferret.
A PUZZLE ABOUT EXPERTS, EVIDENTIAL SCREENING-OFF AND CONDITIONALIZATION
Authors: Nissan-Rozen Ittay 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTI present a puzzle about the epistemic role beliefs about experts' beliefs play in a rational agent's system of beliefs. It is shown that accepting the claim that an expert's degree of belief in a proposition, A, screens off the evidential support another proposition, B, gives to A in case the expert knows and is certain about whether B is true, leads in some cases to highly unintuitive conclusions. I suggest a solution to the puzzle according to which evidential screening off is rejected, but show that the price of this solution is either giving up on the mere idea of deferring to expert's opinion or giving up on Bayesian conditionalization.
Reappraisal of the velocity derivative flatness factor in various turbulent flows
Authors: Tang S. L. , Antonia R. A. , Djenidi L. , Danaila L. , Zhou Y. 
Published: May 2018

We first analytically show, starting with the Navier–Stokes equations, that the value of the derivative flatness is controlled by pressure diffusion of energy, viscous destructive effects and large-scale effects (decay and/or production). The latter two terms tend to zero when the Taylor-microscale Reynolds number$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$is sufficiently large. We argue that the pressure-diffusion term should also tend to a constant at large$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$. Available data for the velocity derivative flatness,$F$, in different turbulent flows are re-examined and interpreted in the light of the finite-Reynolds-number effect. It is found that$F$can differ from flow to flow at moderate$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$; for a given flow,$F$may also depend on the initial conditions. The data for$F$in various flows, e.g. along the axis in the far field of plane and circular jets, and grid turbulence, show that it approaches a constant, with a value slightly larger than 10, when$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$is sufficiently large. This behaviour for$F$is supported, at least qualitatively, by our analytical considerations. The constancy of$F$at large$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$violates the refined similarity hypothesis introduced by Kolmogorov (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 13, 1962, pp. 82–85) to account for the intermittency of the energy dissipation rate. It is not, however, inconsistent with Kolmogorov’s original similarity hypothesis (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 30, 1941, pp. 299–303), although we contend that the power-law relation$F\sim Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{4}}$(Kolmogorov 1962), which is widely accepted in the literature, has in reality been almost invariably used to ‘model’ the finite-Reynolds-number effect for the laboratory data and has been strongly influenced by the weighting given to the atmospheric surface layer data. The inclusion of the latter data has misled previous investigations of how$F$varies with $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$.
Monodisperse particle-laden exchange flows in a vertical duct
Authors: Mirzaeian N. , Alba K. 
Published: May 2018

We study buoyancy-driven exchange flow of two mixtures in a vertical narrow duct (two-dimensional channel as well as pipe) theoretically. While the light mixture is assumed always to be a pure fluid, the heavy mixture can be selected as either a pure or a particle-laden fluid. A small width-to-length ratio considered for the duct ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\ll 1$) has been used as the perturbation parameter in developing a lubrication model (negligible inertia). In particular, we have adopted the methodology of Zhou et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 94, 2005, 117803) for free-surface particle-laden film flows and extended it to a lock exchange system in confined geometry under the Boussinesq approximation. The resulting model is in the form of the classical Riemann problem and has been solved numerically using a robust total variation diminishing finite difference scheme. Both pure and particle-laden cases are investigated in detail. It is observed that the interface between the two fluids takes a self-similar shape at long times. In the case that both heavy and light fluids are pure, the dynamics of the flow is governed by two dimensionless quantities, namely the Reynolds number, $Re$, and the viscosity ratio, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$, of the light and heavy fluids. The interpenetration of the heavy and light layers increases with $Re$ but decreases with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$. Also, the heights of the heavy and light fronts change with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ but remain unchanged with $Re$. In the case of the particle-laden flow, however, four additional dimensionless parameters emerge, namely the initial volume fraction of particles, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{0}$, the ratio of particle diameter to duct width, $r_{p}$, and the density ratios of particles to carrying fluid, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$, and of light fluid to carrying fluid, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$. The effect of these parameters on the dynamics of the flow has been quantified through a systematic approach. In the presence of solid particles, the interface between the heavy and light layers becomes more curved compared to the case of pure fluids. This modification occurs due to the change of heavy mixture viscosity alongside the duct. Novel particle-rich zones are further discovered in the vicinity of the advancing heavy and light fronts. These zones are associated with different transport rates of the fluid and solid particles. The degree of particle enrichment remains the same with $Re$, is enhanced by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$, $r_{p}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$, and is slightly diminished with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{0}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$. On the other hand, the stretched exchange zone between the heavy and light fronts grows with $r_{p}$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ and $Re$, but decays with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{0}$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$.
Adherence to the French Eating Model is inversely associated with overweight and obesity: results from a large sample of French adults
Authors: Ducrot Pauline , Méjean Caroline , Bellisle France , Allès Benjamin , Hercberg Serge , Péneau Sandrine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ‘French Eating Model’ characterised by structured meals and conviviality has received little attention, although it has been suggested as a potential explanation of the French paradox. This study aims at assessing the adherence to this model in French adults and whether it is associated with weight status. Eating behaviour and, in particular, number of meals per day, snacking frequency, meal time, meal duration, number of courses, position (standing, sitting), presence of others and pleasure experienced was assessed in 2014, in 47 219 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study. A global score of adherence to the French Eating Model was computed on the basis of eating behaviour components. Prevalence of the model was assessed on a sample weighted according to Census data. Associations between adherence to the model (and its components) and overweight and obesity were assessed using logistic regression analyses adjusted for individual characteristics. Most individuals followed the French Eating Model: three meals a day, at set times, sitting at a table with other people and considering meals as a moment of pleasure. Individuals who exhibited higher adherence to the model were less likely to be overweight (OR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·87, 0·92 or obese (0·76; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·79). Similar trends were found for the following components: number of meals per day, snacking frequency, meal time, meal duration and pleasure experience, whereas an opposite trend was observed for the eating with others component. Although prospective studies are needed to conclude on a causal relationship, these results suggested the potential role of the French Eating Model, which is still prevailing in France, in obesity prevention.
Species-specific aggregation pheromones contribute to coexistence in two closely related thrips species
Authors: Li X. , Geng S. , Zhang Z. , Zhang J. , Li W. , Huang J. , Lin W. , Bei Y. , Lu Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPheromones play an important role in mediating interspecific interactions in insects. In an insect community, pheromones can reveal information about the senders, which could be used by other members of the food web (competitor, natural enemies, etc.) to their own advantage. The aggregation pheromones of two closely related thrips species,Frankliniella occidentalisandFrankliniella intonsa, have been identified with the same major compounds, (R)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, but in different ratios. However, the roles of the aggregation pheromones in the interspecific interactions between these two closely related species are unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of major aggregation pheromone compounds in interspecific interactions betweenF. occidentalisandF. intonsafor both long and short ranges. The results showed that, at tested doses, neither aggregation pheromone-induced long range cross-attraction nor short range cross-mating was detected betweenF. occidentalisandF. intonsa. Field-trapping trials showed that the species-specificity in aggregation pheromones was regulated by the ratio of two major compounds. However, species-specific blends of the two major compounds had no effect on short-range interactions between these two species. Our data from the thrips species provide support for the ‘aggregation model of coexistence’, explaining the species-specific pheromone-mediated coexistence of closely related species. Thus, species-specific pheromones could be one of the factors affecting population dynamics and community structure in closely related insects with similar niches.
THE OFFICE OF THE CROWN
Authors: Allen J.G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA troubling veil of mystery still shrouds the central institution of the British Constitution – the Crown. In this paper, I examine the modern utility of five historical doctrines: the doctrine of the “King's two bodies”; the doctrine that the Crown is a “corporation sole”; the doctrine that the King can “do no wrong”; the doctrine that (high) public offices are “emanations” of the Crown; and the doctrine that the Crown is “one and indivisible”. Using some insights from social ontology, the history of office in the Western legal tradition, and the sociology of role and status, I argue that the first four of these doctrines can be refashioned into a conception of the Crown as an office. An office is an enduring institutional entity to which individuals bear a relationship from time to time, but which is separate from any individual incumbent and is to be considered in legal analysis as a separate acting subject. Using the logic of office, official personality and official action, I distinguish between the Queen, the Crown, Her Majesty's Government and the Commonwealth and argue that together they provide a serviceable model of the modern British Constitution. The final doctrine, however, must be abandoned – the Crown is plural and divisible and this must be taken into account when using the Crown to reason about the UK's relationship to other constitutional orders.
Supportive release techniques provide no reintroduction benefit when efficacy and uptake is low
Authors: Bannister Hannah L. , Brandle Robert , Delean Steven , Paton David C. , Moseby Katherine E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRelease methods can influence the outcome of reintroductions. We tested the effect of delayed, immediate and supplementary food/shelter release treatments on the reintroduction of brushtail possumsTrichosurus vulpeculato an environment in which introduced predators, particularly foxes, were subject to control. Monitoring of 48 radio-collared possums over 3 months revealed that immediate release possums settled into a stable range significantly faster than other groups, but there were no differences in survival, dispersal distance, reproduction or body condition. Ten days after release possums from all treatment groups had lost body mass, but by day 60 most were heavier than at the time of translocation. After release, possums sometimes used shelter sites easily accessible to predators, but within 3 weeks they regularly selected safer shelter. Risky shelter selection and loss of condition immediately after release suggests that supplementary food and shelter could be beneficial, but supportive measures were rarely used or did not have the desired effect. In an environment with higher predator densities, risky shelter selection could lead to high post-release predation, and mass loss could encourage animals to forage in riskier ways, further increasing vulnerability. In these environments effective uptake of supplementary food and shelter could reduce predation risk, but supplementary measures would need to be presented in a way that maximises uptake. In contrast, if post-release predation risk is low then supportive measures may not be required. Innovative methods for providing post-release support should continue to be developed for reintroductions to areas where supportive measures are needed.
Smooth linearisation of planar periodic maps
Authors: CIMA A. , GASULL A. , MAÑOSAS F. , ORTEGA R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe celebrated Kerékjártó theorem asserts that planar continuous periodic maps can be continuously linearised. We prove that for each k ∈ {1, 2,. . ., ∞}, ${\Mathcal {C}}$k-planar periodic maps can be ${\Mathcal {C}}$k-linearised.