bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAV1-2+ CD8+ T-cells including oligoconal expansions of MAIT cells are enriched in the airways in human tuberculosis
Authors: Wong Emily B. , Gold Marielle C. , Meermeier Erin W. , Xulu Bongiwe Z. , Khuzwayo Sharon , Sullivan Zuri A. , Mahyari Eisa , Rogers Zoe , Kløverpris Hénrik , Sharma Prabhat K. , Worley Aneta H. , Lalloo Umesh , Baijnath Prinita , Ambaram Anish , Naidoo Leon , Suleman Moosa , Madansein Rajhmun , McLaren James E. , Ladell Kristin , Miners Kelly L. , Price David A. , Behar Samuel M. , Nielsen Morten , Kasprowicz Victoria O. , Leslie Alasdair , Bishai William R. , Ndung’u Thumbi , Lewinsohn David M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells typically express a TRAV1-2+semi-invariant TCRα that enables recognition of bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal riboflavin metabolites presented by MR1. MAIT cells are associated with immune control of bacterial and mycobacterial infections in murine models. Here, we report that a population of pro-inflammatory TRAV1-2+CD8+T cells are present in the airways and lungs of healthy individuals and are enriched in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). High-throughput T cell receptor analysis reveals oligoclonal expansions of canonical and donor-unique TRAV1-2+MAIT-consistent TCRα sequences within this population. Some of these cells demonstrate MR1-restricted mycobacterial reactivity and phenotypes suggestive of MAIT cell identity. These findings demonstrate enrichment of TRAV1-2+CD8+T cells with MAIT or MAIT-like features in the airways during active TB and suggest a role for these cells in the human pulmonary immune response toMycobacterium tuberculosis.
Influence of asymmetrical stator axes on the electromagnetic field and driving characteristics of canned induction motor
Authors: Yuejun An , Zhiheng Zhang , Ming Li , Guangyu Wang , Xiangling Kong , Zaihang Liu 
Published: June 2019

Canned induction motors (CIMs) are particularly important for high vacuum application due to its low cost, simple design, and mechanically robust. Herein, this study reveals a mechanism of asymmetrical stator axes (ASAs) for CIMs and proposes six coefficients to describe ASA for CIMs under asymmetrical stator phase's windings. Using winding theorem, this study derived the electromagnetic field and driving characteristics in the healthy condition and ASA conditions for a 1.9 kW CIM, and analysed further using mathematical formulas and finite‐element models. Both simulation and experimental results show good agreement, and significant variation was found in total harmonic distortion, the amplitude of air‐gap flux density, and driving characteristics of CIMs. Further, investigation of back‐electromotive force and stator current showed their efficacy as a diagnosis signature to detect the fault of ASA in CIMs. The obtained conclusions can serve as a valuable reference to design a high‐performing CIMs control system.
The Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI)
Authors: Howard R. A. , Vourlidas A. , Colaninno R. C. , Korendyke C. M. , Plunkett S. P. , Carter M. T. , Wang D. , Rich N. , Lynch S. , Thurn A. , Socker D. G. , Thernisien A. F. , Chua D. , Linton M. G. , Koss S. , Tun-Beltran S. , Dennison H. , Stenborg G. , McMullin D. R. , Hunt T. , Baugh R. , Clifford G. , Keller D. , Janesick J. R. , Tower J. , Grygon M. , Farkas R. , Hagood R. , Eisenhauer K. , Uhl A. , Yerushalmi S. , Smith L. , Liewer P. C. , Velli M. C. , Linker J. , Bothmer V. , Rochus P. , Halain J.-P. , Lamy P. L. , Auchère F. , Harrison R. A. , Rouillard A. , Patsourakos S. , Cyr O. C. St. , Gilbert H. , Maldonado H. , Mariano C. , Cerullo J. 
Published: June 2019

Aims. We present the design and pre-launch performance of the Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI) which is an instrument prepared for inclusion in the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission, currently scheduled for launch in 2020.Methods. The goal of this paper is to provide details of the SoloHI instrument concept, design, and pre-flight performance to give the potential user of the data a better understanding of how the observations are collected and the sources that contribute to the signal.Results. The paper discusses the science objectives, including the SoloHI-specific aspects, before presenting the design concepts, which include the optics, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and ground processing. Finally, a list of planned data products is also presented.Conclusions. The performance measurements of the various instrument parameters meet or exceed the requirements derived from the mission science objectives. SoloHI is poised to take its place as a vital contributor to the science success of the Solar Orbiter mission.
Endovenöse Behandlungsverfahren der Varikosis und der chronisch-venösen Insuffizienz
Authors: Schwarz Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Was ist neu?
Endovenöse Lasertherapie Verfahren mit längeren Wellenlängen und/oder modifizierten Lichtleitern sollten bevorzugt werden.
Radiofrequenzobliteration 5-Jahres-Ergebnisse zeigen eine sehr gute Effektivität.
Weitere endovenöse, nicht thermische Verfahren Es liegen noch nicht sehr viele Daten vor. Die publizierten Studien zeigen eine gute Effektivität der Methoden.
Nachbeobachtungen Die bisher publizierten Daten mit Vergleich der operativen und endovaskulären Methoden im 5-Jahres-Follow-up sind nur mit Einschränkungen aussagekräftig und teils schon durch technische Weiterentwicklungen überholt.
Außerklinische Beatmung in Deutschland
Authors: Windisch Wolfram , Callegari Jens , Karagiannidis Christian 
Published: June 2019

Was ist neu?
Entwicklung der außerklinischen Beatmung in Deutschland Die außerklinische Beatmung ist etablierter klinischer Standard in Deutschland. Insbesondere im Verlauf der letzten 10 Jahre ist es zu einer explosionsartigen Steigerung der Patientenzahlen mit außerklinischer Beatmung gekommen, die an ökonomische und ethische Grenzen stößt.
Revision der Leitlinien Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. (DGP) hat 2017 ihre Leitlinien vollumfänglich revidiert und thematisch ergänzt. Die Leitlinien beinhalten alle wesentlichen Aspekte zur berufspolitischen Organisation und Durchführung einer außerklinischen Beatmung und fassen zudem die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Datenlage zusammen.
Neue Evidenz für die nicht-invasive Beatmung (NIV) bei COPD Aktuelle Daten weisen nach, dass die Prognose von COPD-Patienten durch eine NIV verbessert werden kann. Dies betrifft sowohl Patienten mit chronischer Hyperkapnie als auch solche mit persistierender Hyperkapnie nach Exazerbation in der Klinik.
Alternative Mobilization by Means of a Novel Orthesis in Patients after Amputation
Authors: Barth Udo , Wasseroth Klaus , Halloul Zuhir , Meyer Frank 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction The mobilization of patients with diabetic foot syndrome after surgical treatment by debridement or partial amputation is usually difficult in daily practice and in inpatient care.
Aim and Method A case report – with a representative case showing the innovative possibilities of an alternative mobilization option by means of a new orthesis (“iWALK 2.0®”; IWALKFree® Inc., Mansfield, Ontario, Canada) after surgical therapy of diabetic gangrene, exemplified by the successful clinical course.
Results The inpatient admission of a 59-year-old male patient revealed septic gangrene of the right foot in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. After admission and initial diagnosis, the calculated antibiotics therapy and initial surgical rehabilitation of the right foot took place. After stabilization and control of the infection, the minor amputation was performed at the Bona-Jäger line without primary wound closure, wound care was provided by vacuum sealing. Complicated by pre-existing peroneal paralysis of the contralateral leg following herniated disc, mobilization could be accomplished out of the wheelchair using a novel “free-hand” orthesis “iWALK 2.0” and a walker with physiotherapeutic support. Thus, while simultaneously relieving the operated foot, self-sufficient mobilization at a later time was possible. This gave the patient a positive attitude to life in addition to more independence.
Conclusion The successful application of the “free-hand” site “iWALK 2.0” under the listed clinical constellation thus suggests that it is a clear alternative of “postoperative rehabilitation” in the diagnosis of a surgically treated diabetic foot gangrene after minor amputation with a consolidated wound while ultimately serving to achieve a more comprehensive level of experience for targeted use with a clearly defined indication.
Akzeptanz verbindlicher Vorsorgeuntersuchungen – Ergebnisse einer Elternbefragung in Hessen
Authors: Santos Jaquelin , Klein Ulrich , Herb Stefan , Kieslich Matthias 
Published: June 2019

Ziel der Studie 2008 trat in Hessen das Hessische Kindergesundheitsschutz-Gesetz in Kraft. Seither ist die Wahrnehmung der Früherkennungsuntersuchungen U1 bis U9 verpflichtend. Die Umsetzung des Gesetzes obliegt dem Hessischen Kindervorsorgezentrum (HKVZ), welches Eltern und Erziehungsberechtigte zu den anstehenden Untersuchungen (U4 bis einschließlich U9) einlädt. Um eine Rückmeldung bezüglich dessen Arbeit und Informationen über die Akzeptanz des Gesetzes zu erhalten, wurde erstmals im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements eine Befragung der Eltern und Erziehungsberechtigten durch das HKVZ durchgeführt. Hierbei wurden folgende Fragestellungen geklärt: Wie ist die Akzeptanz der gesetzlich verpflichtenden Vorsorgeuntersuchungen bei hessischen Eltern? Wie steht es um den Bekanntheitsgrad und die Limitierung des Gesetzes?
Methodik Zusätzlich zur Einladung für die U7a haben alle Eltern und Erziehungsberechtigten im Rahmen der Befragung einen Fragebogen erhalten, den sie ausgefüllt und portofrei an das HKVZ zurücksenden sollten. Es handelte sich um eine schriftliche und anonyme Befragung. Die Auswertung erfolgte im HKVZ.
Ergebnisse Besonders hervorzuheben sind 3 resultierende Ergebnisse: Die Frage, ob im Rahmen der Vorsorgeuntersuchung gesundheitliche Probleme beim Kind festgestellt wurden, beantworteten 8,94% der Eltern und Erziehungsberechtigten mit „Ja“. Daraus ließe sich schließen, dass bei nahezu jedem neunten im Rahmen einer Vorsorge untersuchten Kind gesundheitliche Problematiken festgestellt wurden. Angegebene Gründe für eine verpasste Vorsorgeuntersuchung waren vergleichsweise trivial. 96,53% der Befragten hatten bisher keine Vorsorgeuntersuchung verpasst, nur 2,88% beantworteten diese Frage mit „Ja“ und 0,59% haben hier keine Angaben gemacht. Als häufigster Grund für eine verpasste Untersuchung wurde mit 1,59% angegeben, dass diese einfach „vergessen“ wurde. Mit 1,12% wurden in der Kategorie „sonstiges“ eine Erkrankung des Kindes, sowie Auslandsaufenthalte als häufigste Gründe für eine verpasste Vorsorgeuntersuchung genannt. Bei 0,35% war der Grund Schwierigkeiten bei der Terminvereinbarung mit dem Arzt. Der Bekanntheitsgrad des Hessischen Kindergesundheitsschutz-Gesetzes lag bei 94,12% der Befragten. Die positiven Bewertungen der durch das HKVZ versendeten Briefe (84,06% gut bis sehr gut) spiegelt die Akzeptanz des Gesetzes wieder. Im Hinblick auf weitere Zahlen bezüglich der Effektivität der klinischen Kindervorsorgeuntersuchungen, zeigt die Limitierung der Studie, dass es wichtig wäre, in diesem Kontext weitere klinische Versorgungsforschungsstudien durchzuführen.
Isolierte Ziegen- und Schafsmilchallergie
Authors: Tomsitz D. , Reidenbach K. , Kugler C. , Biedermann T. , Darsow U. 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungEin 23-jähriger Patient erlitt mehrere anaphylaktische Reaktionen nach dem Verzehr von Schafsmilch- und Ziegenmilchkäse bei gleichzeitiger Toleranz von Kuhmilchprodukten. Die Pricktestung und die serologische Diagnostik zeigten eine Sensibilisierung gegen Ziegen- und Schafsmilch. Eine orale Provokation mit Kuhmilch sowie Rohmilch wurde vertragen. Wir diagnostizierten eine isolierte Ziegenmilch- und Schafsmilchallergie und empfahlen eine konsequente Meidung von Ziegenmilch- und Schafsmilchprodukten.
LC-MS- and NMR-Guided Isolation of Monoterpene Dimers from Cultivated Thymus vulgaris Varico 3 Hybrid and Their Antityrosinase Activity
Authors: Stefanis Ilias , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra , Bilia Anna-Rita , Karioti Anastasia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTargeted isolation based on a combination of NMR and HPLC-PDA-MS of a dichloromethane extract of Thymus vulgaris Varico 3 aerial parts afforded one new p-cymene dimer, 6,3′,4′-trihydroxy-5,5′-diisopropyl-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl (1), together with two known p-cymene derivatives (2 and 3), as well as five known compounds, namely, thymol (4), oleanolic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), cirsimaritin (7), and xanthomicrol (8). The structural elucidation of all compounds was performed by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS experiments. The biphenyls were assayed for their inhibitory activity on tyrosinase. Compounds 2 and 3 showed negligible activity on tyrosinase, while compound 1 effectively inhibited the enzyme with 35% (± 0.3) inhibitory activity, higher than the inhibition of the reference compound kojic acid (18.6 ± 0.02).
The European Society of Skeletal Radiology Quiz 2018
Authors: Ladas Andreas , Campbell Robert , O'Connor Philip J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article consists of a series of clinical cases presented during the ESSR Quiz session at the 25th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology in Amsterdam 2018. The first section contains the clinical information and an initial set of images for each case. The second section reveals the answers along with additional imaging followed by a short discussion about the pathologic processes presented. This article provides self-assessment and at the same time refreshes the reader's knowledge about some common and not-so-common clinical conditions that a radiologist may encounter during clinical practice.
Correlations between P53 Mutation Status and Texture Features of CT Images for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Hongzhen , Chen Xin , Chen Jiawei , Luo Yuqi , Jiang Xinqing , Wei Xinhua , Tang Wenjie , Liu Yu , Liang Yingying , Liu Weifeng , Guo Yuan 
Published: June 2019

Objectives To investigate the performance of texture analysis in characterizing P53 mutations of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) based on computed tomography (CT).
Methods A total of 63 HCC patients underwent CT scans and were tested for P53 mutations. Patients were divided into two groups of P53(−) and P53(+) according to the P53 scores. First- and second-order texture features were computed from the CT images and compared between groups using independent Student's t-test. A Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for correlations to assess the relationship between the different P53 sores and CT data. The performance of texture features in differentiating the P53 mutations of HCC was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
Results The mean values of angular second moment (ASM; mean = 0.001) and contrast (mean = 194.727) for P53(−) were higher than those of P53(+). Meanwhile the mean values of correlation (mean = 0.735), sum variance (mean = 1,111.052), inverse difference moment (IDM; mean = 0.090), and entropy (mean = 3.016) for P53(−) were lower than those of P53(+). Significant correlations were found between P53 scores and ASM (r =  − 0.439), contrast (r =  − 0.263), correlation (r = 0.551), sum of squares (r = 0.282), sum variance (r = 0.417), IDM (r = 0.308), and entropy (r = 0.569). Five texture parameters (ASM, contrast, correlation, IDM, and entropy) were predictive of P53 mutation status, with areas under the curve ranging from 0.621 to 0.792.
Conclusions There was a direct relationship between P53 mutations and gray-level co-occurrence matrix, but not with histograms for HCC patients. Correlation and entropy seemed to be the most promising in differentiating P53 (−) from P53(+).
Two-Hourly versus Three-Hourly Feeding in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Razak Abdul 
Published: June 2019

Objective This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the benefits and side effects of 3-hourly versus 2-hourly feeding intervals in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.
Study Design Database search include PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception until March 3, 2019. The author extracted the data from included studies and used Cochrane-GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence.
Results Seven studies—four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three observational studies—involving 952 infants were included in the review. The pooled analyses of RCTs showed no significant differences in the outcomes: time to reach full enteral feeding, necrotizing enterocolitis, feed intolerance, and hypoglycemia. Infants fed 3-hourly regain birth weight earlier than infants fed 2-hourly (3 RCTs; 350 participants; mean difference [95% confidence interval] −1.12 [−2.16 to −0.08]; I2 = 0%; p = 0.04). The evidence was downgraded to low quality due to risk of bias and imprecision for all outcomes. Two studies found a subgroup of infants, younger and smaller, reach full enteral feeds earlier when fed 2-hourly compared with 3-hourly.
Conclusion Low-quality evidence suggests feeding 3-hourly is comparable to 2-hourly feeding in VLBW infants. However, extremely low-birth-weight infants reach full enteral feeds earlier when fed 2-hourly compared with 3-hourly. Further, sufficient powered trials are needed.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Reviewing Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: O'Keefe Yasmin A. , Kranz Peter G. , Dombrowski Keith E. , Kolls Brad J. , James Michael L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis review discusses cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), including diagnosis and treatment strategies, a rare class of stroke that, if unrecognized or untreated, can have devastating effects. Thrombosis of one or many cerebral veins leads to propagation of thrombosis and impaired cerebral venous drainage. Diagnosis is made using a combination of history and imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) venogram, which demonstrates thrombosis. Currently, acute treatment consists of heparin infusion with transition to long-term oral anticoagulation. Further research, especially on prevention, endovascular therapy, and the role of newer anticoagulants (direct oral anticoagulants [DOACs]) is necessary and ongoing.
Type 2 Valvular Heart Disease Affects Decision Making for Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The UMBRIA-Fibrillazione Atriale Prospective Study
Authors: Vedovati Maria Cristina , Reboldi Gianpaolo , Agnelli Giancarlo , Verdecchia Paolo ,   on Behalf of the Umbria-Fibrillazione Atriale Investigators
Published: June 2019

Background Valvular heart disease (VHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist.
Aim We investigated whether type 2 VHD (other than moderate-severe rheumatic mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valve) influences the prescription of anticoagulants in AF.
Methods Umbria-Fibrillazione Atriale is a prospective multicenter registry in patients with AF. For the purpose of this study, type 2 VHD patients were propensity matched with non-VHD counterparts in a 1:1 ratio. Patients with type 1 VHD (moderate-severe mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valve) were excluded.
Results We identified 2,212 patients with AF and excluded 46 because data on VHD were unavailable. Type 2 VHD was present in 426 patients (19.7%). Before registry entry visit, 77.1% of type 2 VHD and 66.8% of non-VHD patients were on anticoagulants. At discharge, 90.8 and 85.2% of patients, respectively, were on anticoagulants. After propensity-score matching, 386 patient-pairs were created. In the matched sample, the likelihood of being on anticoagulants before (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.01, p = 0.036) and after (1.63, 95% CI: 1.04–2.57, p = 0.034) the entry visit was higher in type 2 VHD than in non-VHD patients. Patients with type 2 VHD were 70% more likely to receive vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.28–2.27, p < 0.001), and 32% less likely to receive non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs; OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 049–0.94, p = 0.011) than non-VHD patients.
Conclusion VKAs consistently outperformed NOACs as preferred treatment option in patients with type 2 VHD. This could potentially deny to these patients the well-established benefits of NOACs observed in phase III trials.
Multifractal features of spatial variation in construction land in Beijing (1985–2015)
Authors: SONG Zhijun , YU Linjun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the last 30 years, Beijing has experienced rapid development. The city’s spatial pattern and changes are extremely complicated. Therefore, to reveal the spatial patterns at different scales and levels, the construction land in Beijing within the 6th ring road in 1985, 1999, 2008, and 2015, was analyzed using global and local multifractal analyses. The global analysis shows that, over the past 30 years, the development of new construction land in this region experienced a process that transformed it from being a hierarchical spatial structure with a low-evolution intensity (1985) to being a spatial structure with a higher evolution intensity and multi-scale differential development (1999, 2008) with a hierarchical spatial system (one main urban area with a number of satellite towns) (2015). Local analysis further shows that the spatial pattern of the construction land in this region tended to be simplified over the past 30 years. The construction land in this region displays specific evolutionary characteristics with the increase in breadth (q) and intensity (Dq) and a multifractal dimension spectrum (f(a) – a(q)) and dominant spectrum at various spatial scales over a four-year period. In general, the influence of high-density areas on the spatial pattern of the construction land is decreasing, while the influence of low-density areas is increasing. Based on this, this paper also summarizes the theoretical value of multifractal analysis in economic geography research, highlighting its advantages, limitations, and application range, and presents the technical analysis process and other suggestions for future research.
Temple occupation and the tempo of collapse at Angkor Wat, Cambodia
Authors: Carter Alison K. , Stark Miriam T. , Quintus Seth , Zhuang Yijie , Wang Hong , Heng Piphal , Chhay Rachna 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceThe Angkorian Empire was Southeast Asia’s largest premodern polity. Its ancient temple of Angkor Wat has been a religious center since its construction in the 12th century CE and remains a contemporary icon for the wider Angkor polity, even appearing on Cambodia’s flag. Our paper draws from intensive excavations in the Angkor Wat enclosure to present a fine-grained chronological analysis of the temple’s use history. We focus on where people lived in the temple complex rather than on the temple itself, and identify a chronometric gap that does not fully correlate with documented historical events. This granular study of Angkor Wat’s historical sequence contributes to understanding the tempo of organizational change taking place during Angkor’s collapse.