bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heißbemessung von Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonstützen
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Zehfuß Jochen , Cyllok Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDieser Beitrag unterstützt mit Erläuterungen, Diagrammen und erweiterten Tabellen die praktische Anwendung der Methode A in Eurocode 2 (DIN EN 1992‐1‐2) für die Heißbemessung von mehrseitig und einseitig brandbeanspruchten Betonstützen. Für einseitig brandbeanspruchte Stützen werden erweiterte tabellarische Werte angegeben, die mit dem Allgemeinen Rechenverfahren ermittelt wurden.
Neural functional architecture and modulation during decision making under uncertainty in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Assaf Michal , Rabany Liron , Zertuche Luis , Bragdon Laura , Tolin David , Goethe John , Diefenbach Gretchen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) might be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Cognitive models of GAD highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in precipitating and maintaining worry, and it has been hypothesized that patients with GAD exhibit decision‐making deficits under uncertain conditions. Improving understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits associated with IU may lead to the identification of novel rTMS treatment targets and optimization of treatment parameters. The current report describes two interrelated studies designed to identify and verify a potential neural target for rTMS treatment of GAD.MethodsStudy I explored the integrity of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala neural networks, which underlie decision making under conditions of uncertainty, in GAD. Individuals diagnosed with GAD (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 20) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) gambling task that manipulated uncertainty using high versus low error rates. In a subsequent randomized‐controlled trial (Study II), a subset of the GAD sample (n = 16) completed the fMRI gambling task again after 30 sessions of active versus sham rTMS (1 Hz, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) to investigate the modulation of functional networks and symptoms.ResultsIn Study I, participants with GAD demonstrated impairments in PFC‐PFC and PFC‐amygdala functional connectivity (FC) mostly during the high uncertainty condition. In Study II, one region of interest pair, dorsal anterior cingulate (ACC) – subgenual ACC, showed “normalization” of FC following active, but not sham, rTMS, and neural changes were associated with improvement in worry symptoms.ConclusionsThese results outline a possible treatment mechanism of rTMS in GAD, and pave the way for future studies of treatment optimization.
Time to steroid treatment in severe acute optic neuritis
Authors: Dale Gro Helen , Petersen Thor , Bacher Svendsen Kristina , Christensen Tove , Houen Gunnar , Bek Toke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesSteroid treatment can accelerate visual recovery in patients with optic neuritis (ON), but it is unknown whether the timing of the start of treatment influences the outcome. The main purpose of this observational study was to assess the effect of early onset steroid treatment of ON on visual prognosis and retinal morphology.MethodsForty‐nine patients with acute mild/moderate (n = 21) or severe (n = 28) ON, and an equal number of healthy controls were enrolled. Patients with severe ON either received early onset steroid treatment (initiated within 1 week of presentation with visual loss) (n = 9), late‐onset treatment (initiated after 1 week) (n = 13), or no treatment (n = 6). Visual function and retinal morphology was studied after 6 and 12 months.ResultsAll measures of visual function had improved after 6 months (p ≤ 0.03) in the three groups with severe ON. This was not the case for Rayleigh match setting range (SR) in the nontreated group (p = 0.24), or for SR (p = 0.08) and latency to P100 of visual evoked potential (p = 0.08) in the late‐onset treated group. After 12 months, further improvement occurred in the nontreated and late‐treated groups, but not in the early treated group. Macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) and ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer had decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in all three groups with severe ON after 6 months. After 12 months, only mRNFL had further significantly decreased and only in the late‐onset treated group (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe beneficial effects of early onset steroid treatment of ON is limited to a few months whereas the long‐term prognosis is independent of the timing of treatment.
Topographical survey engineering education retrofitted by computer‐aided 3D‐printing
Authors: Wang Chen , Yap Jeffrey B. H. , Li Heng , Chua Jiayun , Abdul‐Razak Asrul S. , Mohd‐Rahim Faizul A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to the sophisticated nature of contour lines on 2D drawings, students often find difficulties in visualizing three‐dimensional interpretations of flat and 2D displays, especially when they attempt to comprehend topographic maps. This study aims to determine the issues encountered in topographical survey education that could be mitigated by 3D‐printed models and to explore the effectiveness of hands‐on 3D‐printing exercises in real teaching practices by guiding students to design and fabricate 3D models using 3D‐printing techniques. A mixed method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches has been employed including experiments and structured interview surveys. The qualitative ethnographic method through a qualitative experiment developed 3D‐printed models for topographic education. Topographic maps were developed using Sketchup Version 8 software in order to fabricate the 3D topographic models. Hands‐on 3D‐printing exercises engender better understanding and appreciation of topographic maps among the students. This research demonstrates how 3D models could complement the conventional teaching using 2D maps in university education.
Influence of Longitudinal Vortex Generator Configuration on the Hydrodynamics in a Novel Spouted Bed
Authors: Wu Feng , Huang Zhenyu , Zhang Jiejie , Zhou Wenjing , Ma Xiaoxun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe gas‐solid flow in a cylindrical spouted bed with a pair of spherical longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) was numerically investigated by a two‐fluid model with kinetic theory for granular flow. Simulations and analyses were conducted on five types of spouted beds: a conventional spouted bed without disturbance units as well as spouted beds with a pair of LVGs in which the radius of spheres installed on the LVGs had four different dimensions. Results of the computational fluid dynamics demonstrate that the fountain height decreases with larger radius, and the influence range of the longitudinal vortex increases with the greater radius, both for the gas phase and particle phase. The turbulent kinetic energy of the gas phase along the radial and axial directions in the spouted bed was also promoted significantly by the longitudinal vortex and increased with larger radius, which is due to the higher LVG volume.
Modeling Mixing in Anaerobic Digesters with Computational Fluid Dynamics Validated by Experiments
Authors: Wiedemann Leonhard , Conti Fosca , Saidi Abdessamad , Sonnleitner Matthias , Goldbrunner Markus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo keep biogas production competitive against alternatives in the energy sector, operating costs of biogas plants must be reduced. Up to 50 % of the energy consumption in biogas plants is contributed by mixing of biomass slurry. Thus, optimization of the mixing system is a promising approach to increase the overall efficiency of biogas plants. Investigations to find the optimal conditions of mixing are challenging in full‐scale biogas digesters. Two main strategies to study biomass mixing in laboratories are to build a scale‐down digester using an artificial substrate to mimic biomass, and to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate the mixing process. In this paper, a combined approach is carried out: a CFD model is presented and verified experimentally.
Mean Intrinsic Activity of Single Mn Sites at LaMnO3 Nanoparticles Towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Celorrio Veronica , Calvillo Laura , van den Bosch Celeste A. M. , Granozzi Gaetano , Aguadero Ainara , Russell Andrea E. , Fermín David J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLaMnO3 has been identified as one of the most active systems towards the 4‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions, although the rationale for its high activity in comparison to other perovskites remains to be fully understood. LaMnO3 oxide nanoparticles are synthesised by an ionic‐liquid based method over a temperature range of 600 to 950 °C. This work describes a systematic study of the LaMnO3 properties, from bulk to the outermost surface layers, as a function of the synthesis temperature to relate them to the ORR activity. The bulk and surface composition of the particles are characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), as well as low‐energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS). The particle size and surface composition are strongly affected by temperature, although the effect is non‐monotonic. The number density of redox active Mn sites is obtained from electrochemical measurements, and correlates well with the trends observed by XPS and LEIS. ORR studies of carbon‐supported LaMnO3 employing rotating ring‐disk electrodes show a step increase in the mean activity of individual surface Mn sites for particles synthesised above 700 °C. Our analysis emphasises the need to establish protocols for quantifying turn‐over frequency of single active sites in these complex materials to elucidate appropriate structure‐activity relationships.
Toward Angiogenesis Inhibitors Based on the Conjugation of Organometallic Platinum(II) Complexes to RGD Peptides
Authors: Zamora Ana , Gandioso Albert , Massaguer Anna , Buenestado Silvia , Calvis Carme , Hernández Jose Luis , Mitjans Francesc , Rodríguez Venancio , Ruiz José , Marchán Vicente 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel conjugate between a cyclometalated platinum(II) complex with dual antiangiogenic and antitumor activity and a cyclic peptide containing the RGD sequence (‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐) has been synthesized by combining solid‐ and solution‐phase methodologies. Although peptide conjugation rendered a non‐cytotoxic compound in all tested tumor cell lines (± αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrin receptors), the antiangiogenic activity of the Pt‐c(RGDfK) conjugate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells at sub‐cytotoxic concentrations opens the way to the design of a novel class of angiogenesis inhibitors through conjugation of metallodrugs with high antiangiogenic activity to cyclic RGD‐containing peptides or peptidomimetic analogues.
CSF3R Mutations are frequently associated with abnormalities of RUNX1, CBFB, CEBPA, and NPM1 genes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Fang , Chen Xue , Zhang Yu , Wang Mingyu , Liu Hong , Cao Panxiang , Ma Xiaoli , Wang Tong , Zhang Jianping , Zhang Xian , Lu Peihua , Liu Hongxing 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundMutations in the colony‐stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) gene occur frequently in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and are rare in de novo acute leukemia. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of CSF3R mutations in acute leukemia and their association with other genetic abnormalities.MethodsAmplicon‐targeted, next‐generation sequencing of 58 genes was performed retrospectively on 1152 patients (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], n = 587; acute lymphoid leukemia [ALL], n = 565). Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect 35 leukemia‐specific gene fusions.ResultsCSF3R mutations (26 patients) were detected in 3.6% (13 of 364 patients), 4.6% (8 of 175 patients), and 8.3% (4 of 48 patients) of those with de novo, relapsed, and secondary AML, respectively, and in 0.2% (1 of 565 patients) of those with ALL. In total, 9 distinct CSF3R mutations were detected. Membrane‐proximal missense mutations and cytoplasmic truncations were identified as mutually exclusive. The proportion of patients who had French‐American‐British subtypes M2 and M4 in the CSF3R‐mutated group was significantly greater than that in the CSF3R wild‐type group for both the de novo AML cohort (P = .001) and the relapsed AML cohort (P = .024). All de novo and relapsed AMLs with CSF3R mutations were associated with genetic alterations in transcription factors, including RUNX1‐RUNX1T1, CBFB‐MYH11, double‐mutated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPAdm), and NPM1 mutations; and core‐binding factor gene abnormalities and CEBPAdm accounted for 90.5% (19 of 21 patients).ConclusionsCSF3R mutations are uncommon in AML; however, when they occur, they are often associated with core‐binding factor gene abnormalities and CEBPAdm. An in‐depth understanding of the interaction between these genetic alterations could facilitate a clearer understanding of the role of CSF3R mutations in AML development and may be used for disease classification, prognosis, and the development of targeted therapy.
Introduction of Graphene Nanofibers into the Perovskite Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yun , Leung Wallace Woon‐Fong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the application of graphene‐derived nanomaterials in the electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), or top electrode of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been thoroughly studied, the effects of inserting such materials into the perovskite layer of PSCs is not well understood. In this study, pristine graphene nanofibers were introduced into the perovskite layer of PSCs for the first time. The quality of the electrospun graphene nanofibers was optimized by controlled centrifugation of graphene sheets in the precursor suspension. Under optimized conditions, the device power conversion efficiency increased from 17.51 % without graphene to 19.83 % with graphene nanofibers, representing a 13 % increase. The introduction of graphene nanofibers into the perovskite layer led to a dramatic increase in the grain size of the perovskite layer to over 2 μm, owing to improved nucleation and crystallization at the nanofiber interface, which led to much higher FF and Jsc values. The significant increases in Jsc and Voc are attributed to the improved charge‐transport properties of the graphene nanofibers with superb charge conductivity introduced into the perovskite layer. The latter was independently verified by the measured electron transport time. The stability of the device was also improved. In summary, an effective approach has been developed to improve the performance of PSCs by using pure graphene nanofibers for the first time.
Tracking Ionic Rearrangements and Interpreting Dynamic Volumetric Changes in Two‐Dimensional Metal Carbide Supercapacitors: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Xu Kui , Lin Zifeng , Merlet Céline , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun , Simon Patrice 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the groups of Prof. Patrice Simon at the Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier and Prof. Jianjun Jiang at the Huazhong University Science and Technology. The image shows a simulation study performed on two‐dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based supercapacitor in an ionic liquid as electrolyte combined with an in situ XRD experiment for verification. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201702068.
Finish with a sprint: Evidence for time‐selected last leg of migration in a long‐distance migratory songbird
Authors: Briedis Martins , Hahn Steffen , Krist Miloš , Adamík Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnder time‐selected migration, birds should choose a strategy for outcompeting rivals over securing access to prime resources at the final destination. Thus, migration can be viewed as a race among individuals where winners are arriving first when conditions are suitable. The sprint migration hypothesis predicts that individuals shift from maximum sustained speed to a final burst of sprint to shorten the transition from migration to breeding (Alerstam, 2006). In this study, we test the hypothesis of a final sprint migration in a long‐distance Afro‐Palearctic migrant, the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, during autumn and spring, and compare migration strategies between the seasons. In both seasons, collared flycatchers evidently exhibited sprint migration by increasing their overall speed over the last leg of migration after the Sahara crossing. This phenomenon was more pronounced in spring, contributing to overall faster spring migration and possibly highlighting higher importance for early arrival at the breeding grounds. In both seasons and particularly in spring, late departing individuals flew at a faster rate, partially being able to catch up with their early departing conspecifics. Differential fueling strategies may play an important role in determining migration speed, especially during the early stages of the migration, and might explain the observed differences in migration speeds between late and early departing individuals. Our findings suggest competition for early arrival at the breeding and at the nonbreeding destinations alike. Sprint migration might be an appropriate strategy to gain advantage over conspecifics and settle in prime territories as well as to cope with the increasingly earlier springs at high latitudes.
Remotely sensed canopy nitrogen correlates with nitrous oxide emissions in a lowland tropical rainforest
Authors: Soper Fiona M. , Sullivan Benjamin W. , Nasto Megan K. , Osborne Brooke B. , Bru David , Balzotti Christopher S. , Taylor Phillip G. , Asner Gregory P. , Townsend Alan R. , Philippot Laurent , Porder Stephen , Cleveland Cory C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTropical forests exhibit significant heterogeneity in plant functional and chemical traits that may contribute to spatial patterns of key soil biogeochemical processes, such as carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. Although tropical forests are the largest ecosystem source of nitrous oxide (N2O), drivers of spatial patterns within forests are poorly resolved. Here, we show that local variation in canopy foliar N, mapped by remote‐sensing image spectroscopy, correlates with patterns of soil N2O emission from a lowland tropical rainforest. We identified ten 0.25 ha plots (assemblages of 40–70 individual trees) in which average remotely‐sensed canopy N fell above or below the regional mean. The plots were located on a single minimally‐dissected terrace (<1 km2) where soil type, vegetation structure and climatic conditions were relatively constant. We measured N2O fluxes monthly for 1 yr and found that high canopy N species assemblages had on average three‐fold higher total mean N2O fluxes than nearby lower canopy N areas. These differences are consistent with strong differences in litter stoichiometry, nitrification rates and soil nitrate concentrations. Canopy N status was also associated with microbial community characteristics: lower canopy N plots had two‐fold greater soil fungal to bacterial ratios and a significantly lower abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, although genes associated with denitrification (nirS, nirK, nosZ) showed no relationship with N2O flux. Overall, landscape emissions from this ecosystem are at the lowest end of the spectrum reported for tropical forests, consist with multiple metrics indicating that these highly productive forests retain N tightly and have low plant‐available losses. These data point to connections between canopy and soil processes that have largely been overlooked as a driver of denitrification. Defining relationships between remotely‐sensed plant traits and soil processes offers the chance to map these processes at large scales, potentially increasing our ability to predict N2O emissions in heterogeneous landscapes.
Evolutionary origins of vocal mimicry in songbirds
Authors: Goller Maria , Shizuka Daizaburo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVocal learning is an important behavior in oscines (songbirds). Some songbird species learn heterospecific sounds as well as conspecific vocalizations. The emergence of vocal mimicry is necessarily tied to the evolution of vocal learning, as mimicry requires the ability to acquire sounds through learning. As such, tracking the evolutionary origins of vocal mimicry may provide insights into the causes of variation in song learning programs among songbirds. We compiled a database of known vocal mimics that comprised 339 species from 43 families. We then traced the evolutionary history of vocal mimicry across the avian phylogeny using ancestral trait reconstruction on a dataset of oscine passerines for which vocalizations have been described. We found that the common ancestor to oscines was unlikely to mimic sounds, suggesting that song learning evolved with mechanisms to constrain learning to conspecific models. Mimicry then evolved repeatedly within the songbird clade, either through relaxation of constraints on conspecific learning or through selection for active vocal mimicry. Vocal mimicry is likely ancestral in only a handful of clades, and we detect many instances of independent origins of mimicry. Our analysis underscores the liability of vocal mimicry in songbirds, and highlights the evolutionary flexibility of song learning mechanisms.
Unique Variant of NOD2 Pediatric Granulomatous Arthritis With Severe 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-Mediated Hypercalcemia and Generalized Osteosclerosis
Authors: Whyte Michael P , Lim Emilina , McAlister William H , Gottesman Gary S , Trinh Lien , Veis Deborah J , Bijanki Vinieth N , Boden Matthew G , Nenninger Angela , Mumm Steven , Buchbinder David 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Pediatric granulomatous arthritis (PGA) refers to two formerly separate entities: autosomal dominant Blau syndrome (BS) and its sporadic phenocopy early-onset sarcoidosis (EOS). In 2001 BS and in 2005 EOS became explained by heterozygous mutations within the gene that encodes nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), also called caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15). NOD2 is a microbe sensor in leukocyte cytosol that activates and regulates inflammation. PGA is characterized by a triad of autoinflammatory problems (dermatitis, uveitis, and arthritis) in early childhood, which suggests the causal NOD2/CARD15 mutations are activating defects. Additional complications of PGA were recognized especially when NOD2 mutation analysis became generally available. However, in PGA, hypercalcemia is only briefly mentioned, and generalized osteosclerosis is not reported, although NOD2 regulates NF-κB signaling essential for osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function. Herein, we report a 4-year-old girl with PGA uniquely complicated by severe 1,25(OH)2D-mediated hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, and compromised renal function together with radiological and histopathological features of osteopetrosis (OPT). The classic triad of PGA complications was absent, although joint pain and an antalgic gait accompanied wrist, knee, and ankle swelling and soft non-tender masses over her hands, knees, and feet. MRI revealed tenosynovitis in her hands and suprapatellar effusions. Synovial biopsy demonstrated reactive synovitis without granulomas. Spontaneous resolution of metaphyseal osteosclerosis occurred while biochemical markers indicated active bone turnover. Anti-inflammatory medications suppressed circulating 1,25(OH)2D, corrected the hypercalcemia, and improved her renal function, joint pain and swelling, and gait. Mutation analysis excluded idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, type 1, and known forms of OPT, and identified a heterozygous germline missense mutation in NOD2 common in PGA (c.1001G&gt;A, p.Arg334Gln). Thus, radiological and histological findings of OPT and severe hypercalcemia from apparent extrarenal production of 1,25(OH)2D can complicate NOD2-associated PGA. Although the skeletal findings seem inconsequential, treatment of the hypercalcemia is crucial to protect the kidneys. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.