bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Engagement in Diabetes Self-management Education Among People With Diabetes in the United States
Authors: Adjei Boakye Eric , Varble Amanda , Rojek Rebecca , Peavler Olivia , Trainer Anna K. , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba , Hinyard Leslie 
Published: September 2018

Objective: Research outside the United States shows that certain subgroups of patients (eg, those who are older, male, of low socioeconomic status, and uninsured) are less likely than others to report receiving diabetes self-management education (DSME); however, less is known about DSME uptake in the United States. We examined sociodemographic, patient, and behavioral characteristics associated with DSME in a nationally representative sample. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2011-2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 84 179 adults who self-identified receiving a diagnosis of diabetes. We constructed weighted, multivariate logistic regression models to examine the associations between DSME and sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and annual household income), patient characteristics (body mass index, having a regular provider, health insurance status, health status, and insulin use), and self-management behaviors (home foot examination, home blood glucose testing, and physical activity). Results: More than half (n = 45 557, 53.7% [weighted]) of respondents reported engaging in DSME. Compared with non-Hispanic white adults, non-Hispanic black adults were more likely to engage in DSME (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.29). Respondents were less likely to engage in DSME if they were male (aOR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.91) or Hispanic (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.92), were a high school graduate (but no college; aOR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78) or less than a high school graduate (aOR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.45-0.59), had an annual household income of $15 000-$24 999 (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.89) or <$15 000 (aOR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.78), or had no health insurance (aOR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98). DSME was significantly associated with all 3 self-management behaviors. Conclusions: Increasing public health interventions aimed at educating people with diabetes about self-management could improve outcomes.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation and Heart Rate Variability: Analysis of STAR Trial Responders
Authors: Dedhia Raj C. , Shah Amit J. , Bliwise Donald L. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Strollo Patrick J. , Li Qiao , Da Poian Giulia , Clifford Gari D. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveHypoglossal nerve stimulation represents a novel therapy for the treatment of moderate‐severe obstructive sleep apnea; nonetheless, its cardiovascular effects are not known. We examine the effects of hypoglossal nerve stimulation on heart rate variability, a measure of autonomic function.Study DesignSubstudy of the STAR trial (Stimulation Therapy for Apnea Reduction): a multicenter prospective single‐group cohort.SettingAcademic and private practice centers in the United States and Europe.Subjects and MethodsA subset of responder participants (n = 46) from the STAR trial was randomized to therapy withdrawal or therapy maintenance 12 months after surgery. Heart rate variability analysis included standard deviation of the R‐R interval (SDNN), low‐frequency power of the R‐R interval, and high‐frequency power of the R‐R interval. Analysis was performed by sleep with 5‐minute sliding window epochs during baseline, 12 months, and the maintenance/withdrawal period.ResultsA significant improvement from baseline to 12 months in heart rate variability was seen for SDNN and low frequency across all sleep stages. SDNN analysis demonstrated no change in the wake period (mean ± SD: 0.042 ± 0.01 vs 0.077 ± 0.07, P =. 19). Reduction in SDNN was correlated to improvement in apnea‐hypopnea index (r = 0.39, P =. 03). In the therapy withdrawal group, no significant changes in SDNN were seen for N1/N2, N3, or rapid eye movement sleep.ConclusionHypoglossal nerve stimulation therapy appears to reduce heart rate variability during sleep. This reduction was not affected by a 1‐week withdrawal period. Larger prospective studies are required to better understand the effect of hypoglossal nerve stimulation on autonomic dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea.
C‐reactive Protein in HPV‐Positive and HPV‐Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Johnson‐Obaseki Stephanie , Caulley Lisa , Corsten Martin , Liu Geoffrey , Dimitroulakos Jim , Goldstein David , Irish Jonathan , Rider Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveEvaluate serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) in human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharynx cancer as compared with HPV‐negative oropharynx cancer and determine if CRP levels were associated with overall survival and/or recurrence‐free survival.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary care academic cancer center between 2007 and 2010.Subjects and MethodsAmong patients with oropharynx cancer and confirmed HPV status, plasma CRP levels were measured with a high‐sensitivity ELISA kit. Multivariable logistic regression analysis compared 4 categories of CRP (low, moderate, high, very high) between the HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative groups. Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox regression models were used to determine overall survival and recurrence‐free survival by CRP level in both populations.ResultsBetween 113 HPV‐positive and 110 HPV‐negative patients, CRP levels were significantly higher in the HPV‐positive group, but these levels did not demonstrate a statistically significant dose‐response trend. Higher CRP levels were also associated with reduced overall survival (P =. 016) and recurrence‐free survival (P <. 001) within the HPV‐negative group in univariable analysis; in multivariate analysis, the comparisons were not significantly different. Within HPV‐positive oropharynx cancer, CRP levels were not significantly associated with overall survival or recurrence‐free survival in univariable or multivariable analyses.ConclusionCirculating CRP was higher in HPV‐positive versus HPV‐negative oropharynx cancer. Among HPV‐negative patients, higher CRP levels were associated with reduced survival.
Bronchoscopy for Pediatric Airway Foreign Body: Thirty‐Day Adverse Outcomes in the ACS NSQIP‐P
Authors: Tan Grace X. , Boss Emily F. , Rhee Daniel S. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives(1) Describe outcomes of bronchoscopy with foreign body removal among children on the basis of a large standardized multi‐institutional data set. (2) Identify factors associated with 30‐day adverse events.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a US national database.SettingPublic data set from the ACS NSQIP‐P (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric) from 2012 to 2015.Subjects and MethodsChildren <18 years old who underwent bronchoscopy with removal of foreign body were identified. Patient demographics, comorbidities, hospitalization factors, surgical characteristics, and 30‐day postoperative adverse events, including complication and readmission, were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictive factors for postoperative complications and prolonged length of stay.ResultsA total of 275 children underwent bronchoscopic foreign body removal (n = 165 male, 60%; n = 75 nonwhite and/or Hispanic, 27%; mean age, 3.5 years [range, 0.63‐17.9; median, 2.0]). Adverse events occurred among 10 children (4%). Seven had pulmonary‐related complications, and 1 patient died. Three patients were readmitted; there were no reoperations. On multivariate analysis, preoperative pulmonary disease or need for pulmonary support (odds ratio [OR], 6.42; P =. 04) predicted postoperative complications. Preoperative pulmonary compromise (OR, 8.10; P <. 01), American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or 4 (OR, 4.13; P <. 01), and prolonged operative time (OR, 3.05; P =. 01) were associated with prolonged hospital stay.ConclusionBronchoscopy for retrieval of foreign body among children has an overall low incidence of 30‐day adverse events. Children with preoperative pulmonary compromise have a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications. These findings may be applied to optimize perioperative care and counsel parents and families.
Optimal drainage cannula position in dual cannulation for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Togo Konomi , Takewa Yoshiaki , Katagiri Nobumasa , Fujii Yutaka , Yamashita Akihiro C , Tastumi Eisuke 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Recently, the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adult patients with severe acute respiratory failure has increased. We previously investigated the optimal return cannula position; however, the optimal drainage cannula position has not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal drainage cannula position. Methods: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed in four adult goats (mean body weight 59.6 ± 0.6 kg). The position of the drainage cannula was varied among the right atrium, the upper inferior vena cava, and the lower inferior vena cava, whereas the position of the return cannula was fixed in the superior vena cava. The recirculation fraction and arterial oxygen saturation and pressure (SaO2, PaO2) were measured in all drainage cannula positions. Results: In the lower inferior vena cava drainage cannula position, the recirculation fraction was the lowest. In the lower inferior vena cava, upper inferior vena cava, and right atrium drainage cannula positions at 3 L/min, SaO2 and PaO2 after 20 min were 92.9% ± 4.9% and 75.1 ± 26.0 mm Hg, 99.5% ± 0.5% and 113.8 ± 20.9 mm Hg, and 93.8% ± 6.2% and 91.9 ± 17.7 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusion: With respect to blood oxygenation, the optimal position for the drainage cannula was the upper inferior vena cava. These findings suggested that blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and hepatic vein was most efficiently drained in the upper inferior vena cava cannula position.
Salvage extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in induction-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in acute leukemia patients: A case series
Authors: Huprikar Nikhil A , Peterson Matthew R , DellaVolpe Jeffrey D , Sams Valerie G , Lantry James H , Walter Robert J , Osswald Michael B , Chung Kevin K , Mason Phillip E 
Published: September 2018

Background: The prognosis of hematologic malignancies has improved over the past three decades. However, the prognosis in hematologic malignancies with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome has remained poor. Initial reports regarding the utility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in hematologic malignancies have been controversial, with limited evaluations of acute leukemia patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with acute leukemia who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support at our facility from July 2015 through August 2017. Results: Four cases of acute myelogenous leukemia with respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation while undergoing induction chemotherapy were identified. All patients completed induction therapy with addition of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, with two patients dying secondary to their acute leukemia and the other two surviving to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Overall, 75% (three of four) survived to decannulation with a 1-year survival rate following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of 50% (two of four). Conclusion: Currently, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with hematologic malignancies who develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome remains controversial. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is associated with poorer outcomes, our data suggest that salvage extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support is a viable option to manage moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome while completing therapeutic chemotherapy and following in the peri-induction phase of acute leukemia.
A Note on “Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Regularities: Cyclical and Structural Productivity in the United States (1950–2005)”
Authors: Krohn Gregory Alan 
Published: September 2018

Jeon and Vernengo apply Okun’s Law and Verdoorn’s Law to examine the cyclical and structural effects of output growth on productivity. Their estimation method, however, is flawed, and their results are not robust. New estimates indicate that less of the variation in labor productivity growth is explained, that the Verdoorn and Okun coefficients are unstable over time, and that the results after 1973 are inconsistent with Kaldor’s interpretation of Verdoorn’s Law. JEL Classification: E32; O47; O51
Political Economy of the Greek Crisis
Authors: Lapavitsas Costas 
Published: September 2018

The Greek turmoil commenced as a balance of payments, or “sudden stop,” crisis induced by large current account and primary government deficits. It became an economic and social disturbance of historic proportions. Its proximate cause was loss of competitiveness within the Eurozone due in large part to domestic German wage policies. The bailout policies, imposed by the lenders primarily for reasons of Eurozone stability and adopted by Greece, have had disastrous effects on both economy and society. The “historical bloc” that dominates Greek society willingly submitted to the bailout strategy, losing sovereignty, for reasons including fear and identity. JEL Classification: E66, F00, F02, F34
The Current Crisis of US Neoliberal Capitalism and Prospects for a New “Social Structure of Accumulation”
Authors: Jaffee David 
Published: September 2018

Wage squeeze/profit squeeze crisis theories provide a powerful framework for the historical analysis of US capitalist crises and the alternating demand-side and supply-side social structures of accumulation (SSA). However, the current neoliberal SSA would seem to defy the logic of this model in its persistence in the face of a deep financial crisis and a failure to realize its espoused objectives. This paper reviews this theoretical model of economic crises, its relationship to and viability alongside the rise and establishment of neoliberalism, and some of the political and economic obstacles that would seem to prevent the construction of a new SSA that would address and correct the glaring deficiencies of neoliberal political economy. JEL Classification: P16, G01
Obtaining consent for non-psychiatric treatment of persons detained under mental health legislation in Australia and New Zealand: is there cross-jurisdictional consistency?
Authors: Daws Tessa 
Published: September 2018

Objective: It is increasingly recognised that persons with mental illness experience physical health issues at greater rates than the general population and that there are significant barriers to accessing appropriate treatment. One less obvious barrier to appropriate care may be the law. This review examines the legal regimes within Australia and New Zealand that regulate consent for medical and surgical treatment for persons detained under mental health legislation. The review begins with a brief overview of concepts of consent and capacity then examines the law with regards to consent for non-psychiatric treatment for persons detained in psychiatric facilities. The complexity and cross-jurisdictional consistency is considered and potential future directions and possibilities for reform are discussed. Conclusion: Examination of the different laws regarding consent for medical or surgical treatment for persons admitted to psychiatric facilities are complex and demonstrate lack of consistency across jurisdictions. Reform in this area might be considered to achieve greater consistency and clarity for both health professionals and consumers.
Obesity and Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation—An Exploratory Study
Authors: Obi Ogugua Ndili , Mazer Mark , Bangley Charles , Kassabo Zuheir , Saadah Khalid , Trainor Wayne , Stephens Kenneth , Rice Patricia L , Shaw Robert 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Obesity is associated with increased risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure, prolonged duration on mechanical ventilation, and extended weaning periods. Objective: Pilot study to determine whether morbidly obese adult tracheotomized subjects (body mass index [BMI] ⩾ 40) can be more efficiently weaned from the ventilator by optimizing their positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) using either an esophageal balloon or the best achieved static effective compliance. Methods: We randomly assigned 25 morbidly obese adult tracheotomized subjects (median [interquartile range] BMI 53.4 [26.4]; range 40.4-113.8) to 1 of 2 methods of setting PEEP; using either titration guided by esophageal balloon to overcome negative transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) (goal Ptp 0-5 cmH2O) (ESO group) or titration to maximize static effective lung compliance (Cstat group). Our outcomes of interest were number of subjects weaned by day 30 and time to wean. Results: At day 30, there was no significant difference in percentage of subjects weaned. 8/13 subjects (62%) in the ESO Group were weaned vs. 9/12(75%) in the Cstat Group ( P = 0.67). Among the 17 subjects who weaned, median time to ventilator liberation was significantly shorter in the ESO group: 3.5 days vs Cstat group 14 days ( P = .01). Optimal PEEP in the ESO and Cstat groups was similar (ESO mean ± SD = 26.5 ± 5.7 cmH2O and Cstat 24.2 ± 7 cmH2O ( P = .38). Conclusions: Optimization of PEEP using esophageal balloon to achieve positive transpulmonary pressure did not change the proportion of patients weaned. Among patients who weaned, use of the esophageal balloon resulted in faster liberation from mechanical ventilation. There were no adverse consequences of the high PEEP (mean 25.4; range 13-37 cmH2O) used in our study. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at our institution (UMCIRB#10-0343) and registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02323009).
Initial experience with precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid in cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Sirakov Stanimir S , Sirakov Alexander , Minkin Krasimir , Hristov Hristo , Ninov Kristian , Penkov Marin , Karakostov Vasil , Orlov Kirill , Gorbatykh Anton , Kislitsin Dmitry , Raychev Radoslav 
Published: September 2018

Background Precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid is a newly introduced liquid embolic agent for endovascular embolization with some technical advantages over other liquid embolic agents. We present our initial experience with precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid in the endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Methods From October 2015 to January 2018, 27 patients harboring cerebral arteriovenous malformations underwent endovascular embolization with precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid 25. Clinical features, angiographic results, procedural details, complications, and follow-up details were retrospectively analyzed. Results Twenty-seven patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations were included. Total obliteration in one endovascular session was confirmed for 14/27 (52%) patients. Partial embolization was attained in 13 patients (48%) in whom staged treatment with following radiosurgery or surgery was planned. No mortality was recorded in this series. Complications during or after the embolization occurred in six of 27 (22.2%) patients. Conclusion In our initial experience, precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid has acceptable clinical outcome comparable to other liquid embolic agents. Although this is the largest reported study in arteriovenous malformation treatment with precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid, further studies are needed to validate its safety and efficacy.
A novel prostate cancer immunotherapy using prostate-specific antigen peptides and Candida skin test reagent as an adjuvant
Authors: Abdallah Al-Ola , Coleman Hannah , Kamel Mohamed , Davis Rodney , Landrum Teri , Spencer Horace , Mackintosh Sam , Mahmoud Fade A , Milojkovic Natasa , Wicker Chester , Arnaoutakis Konstantinos , Nakagawa Mayumi 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Our group developed the use of the Candida skin test reagent as an adjuvant of cell-mediated immunity in designing a human papillomavirus therapeutic vaccine. Here, this technology is being applied for designing a prostate cancer immunotherapy. Methods: Peptides based on the prostate-specific antigen amino acid sequences were selected, synthesized, and evaluated in terms of their (1) solubility, (2) maturation effects on Langerhans cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, and (3) recognition by peripheral immune cells from prostate cancer patients using interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results: The peptides were soluble in 10 mM succinate at pH of 5 with 5% glycine, and they demonstrated no maturation effects on Langerhans cells from healthy donors. On the other hand, peripheral immune cells from 4 of 10 prostate cancer patients examined had positive responses in enzyme-linked immunospot assay to one or more prostate-specific antigen peptides. Conclusion: In summary, a design and a formulation of a novel prostate cancer immunotherapy are described. The immunogenicity of prostate-specific antigen peptides in some prostate cancer patients supports further development of this immunotherapy.
Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the Thai Version of Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Scale: A Measure of Knowledge of Diabetes in a Thai Population
Authors: Khunkaew Saneh , Fernandez Ritin , Sim Jenny 
Published: September 2018

Purpose To develop a linguistically and psychometrically validated Thai version of the Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Scale (T-SDKS) for adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design A cross-sectional study was carried out among people with T2DM. Methods Consecutive sampling was undertaken to recruit participants at the outpatient diabetes clinic of a hospital in Northern Thailand. Results A total of 502 patients with T2DM were recruited. The mean age of the participants was 60.2 years, and 60.5% were female. The T-SDKS attained a reliability coefficient of .79. The item-total correlation value was greater than 0.20 for each item, and the inter-item correlation ranged between 0.03 and 0.49. Respondents attained a mean percentage knowledge score of 42.39% ± 15.45 on T-SDKS. Discussion/conclusions The T-SDKS has demonstrated to be a brief and simple diabetes knowledge assessment tool to use in a busy clinical setting. Implication for practice The findings can be used to improve health education interventions.