bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pleasing odour for Yahweh
Authors: De Hemmer Gudme Anne Katrine 
Published: July 2019

This article investigates the importance of smell in the sacrificial cults of the ancient Mediterranean, using the Yahweh temple on Mount Gerizim and the Hebrew Bible as a case-study. The material shows that smell was an important factor in delineating sacred space in the ancient world and that the sense of smell was a crucial part of the conceptualization of the meeting between the human and the divine.
In the Hebrew Bible, the temple cult is pervaded by smell. There is the sacred oil laced with spices and aromatics with which the sanctuary and the priests are anointed. There is the fragrant and luxurious incense, which is burnt every day in front of Yahweh and finally there are the sacrifices and offerings that are burnt on the altar as ‘gifts of fire’ and as ‘pleasing odors’ to Yahweh. The gifts that are given to Yahweh are explicitly described as pleasing to the deity’s sense of smell.
On Mount Gerizim, which is close to present-day Nablus on the west bank, there once stood a temple dedicated to the god Yahweh, whom we also know from the Hebrew Bible. The temple was in use from the Persian to the Hellenistic period (ca. 450 – 110 BCE) and during this time thousands of animals (mostly goats, sheep, pigeons and cows) were slaughtered and burnt on the altar as gifts to Yahweh.
The worshippers who came to the sanctuary – and we know some of them by name because they left inscriptions commemorating their visit to the temple – would have experienced an overwhelming combination of smells: the smell of spicy herbs baked by the sun that is carried by the wind, the smell of humans standing close together and the smell of animals, of dung and blood, and behind it all as a backdrop of scent the constant smell of the sacrificial smoke that rises to the sky.
Inspecting the Foundation of <i>Mystery House</i>
Authors: Aycock John , Biittner Katie 
Published: July 2019

Computer games are recent artifacts that have had, and continue to have, enormous cultural impact. In this interdisciplinary collaboration between computer science and archaeology, we closely examine one such artifact: the 1980 Apple II game Mystery House, the first graphical adventure. We focus on implementation rather than gameplay, treating the game as a digital artifact. What can we learn about the game and its development process through reverse engineering and analysis of the code, data, and game image? Our exploration includes a technical critique of the code, examining the heretofore uncritical legacy of Ken Williams as a programmer. As game development is a human activity, we place it in a theoretical framework from archaeology, to show how a field used to analyze physical artifacts might adapt to shed new light on digital games. Open Access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: CC BY-NC-ND
Follicular Lymphoma: Recent and Emerging Therapies, Treatment Strategies, and Remaining Unmet Needs
Authors: Matasar Matthew J. , Luminari Stefano , Barr Paul M. , Barta Stefan K. , Danilov Alexey V. , Hill Brian T. , Phillips Tycel J. , Jerkeman Mats , Magagnoli Massimo , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Persky Daniel O. , Okosun Jessica 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease with varying prognosis owing to differences in clinical, laboratory, and disease parameters. Although generally considered incurable, prognosis for early- and advanced-stage disease has improved because of therapeutic advances, several of which have resulted from elucidation of the biologic and molecular basis of the disease. The choice of treatment for FL is highly dependent on patient and disease characteristics. Several tools are available for risk stratification, although limitations in their routine clinical use exist. For limited disease, treatment options include radiotherapy, rituximab monotherapy or combination regimens, and surveillance. Treatment of advanced disease is often determined by tumor burden, with surveillance or rituximab considered for low tumor burden and chemoimmunotherapy for high tumor burden disease. Treatment for relapsed or refractory disease is influenced by initial first-line therapy and the duration and quality of the response. Presently, there is no consensus for treatment of patients with early or multiply relapsed disease; however, numerous agents, combination regimens, and transplant options have demonstrated efficacy. Although the number of therapies available to treat FL has increased together with an improved understanding of the underlying biologic basis of disease, the best approach to select the most appropriate treatment strategy for an individual patient at a particular time continues to be elucidated. This review considers prognostication and the evolving treatment landscape of FL, including recent and emergent therapies as well as remaining unmet needs.

Implications for Practice
In follicular lymphoma, a personalized approach to management based on disease biology, patient characteristics, and other factors continues to emerge. However, application of current management requires an understanding of the available therapeutic options for first-line treatment and knowledge of current development in therapies for previously untreated and for relapsed or refractory disease. Thus, this work reviews for clinicians the contemporary data in follicular lymphoma, from advances in characterizing disease biology to current treatments and emerging novel therapies.
Çocuklardaki Bell’s Palsy de Nötrofil/Lenfosit Oranı, Platelet/Lenfosit Oranı ve Ortalama Trombosit Hacminin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKSAKAL Ceyhun , KATAR Muzaffer 
Published: July 2019

Amaç

Bu
çalışmanın amacı etyololojisi halen tam olarak bilinmeyen Bell’s Palsy de inflamasyon
belirteci olan Nötrofil/Lenfosit oranı (NLO), Platelet/Lenfosit oranı (PLO) ve Ortalama
Platelet Hacminin (OTH) nasıl değişim gösterdiğini araştırmak ve çocuklardaki
Bell’s Palsy de inflamasyonun olası etkisini araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Bu
retrospektif çalışmaya hastanemizde Ocak 2010 ile Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında
Bell’s Palsy tanısı alarak tedavisi ve takibi yapılmış 27 çocuk hasta ile 25 sağlıklı birey dahil
edilmiştir. Hastaların tedaviden önceki ve sonraki Bell’s Palsy lerinin klinik
derecelendirilmesinde House–Brackmann sınıflaması kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada
hastaların tedaviden önce rutin olarak
yapılmış hemogram tetkiklerinden NLO, PLO ve OTH değerlerinin ortalamaları ve kontrol
grubunun bu ortalama değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular

Bell’s
Palsy grubundaki çocukların ortalama yaşları 9,76±3,71 iken kontrol grubunda
ortalama yaş 9,48±3,54 idi. Bell’s Palsy grubundaki hastaların 15 i kadın 12 si
erkek iken kontrol grubundaki hastaların 14 ü kadın 11 i erkekti. Tedaviden
önceki NLO değeri Bell’s Palsy grubunda 2,71±1,53 iken kontrol grubunda
1,51±1,27 bulundu. Bell’s Palsy grubunda NLO değeri kontrol grubuna göre
istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti (p&lt;0,05). PLO değeri açısından
iki grup arasında istatistiksel fark izlenmedi (p&gt;0,05). OTH değerleri
açısından da iki grup arasında istatistiksel fark izlenmedi (p&gt;0,05).

Sonuç

Çalışmamız daki Bell’s
Palsyli çocuklarda NLO nun kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde artışı
çocuklardaki Bell’s Palsy de inflamatuar teoriyi desteklemektedir. Çocuklarda
Bell’s Palsy de ise PLO ve OTH ilk kez tanımlanmıştır.
An analysis of the effect of tooth wear on bovid identification
Authors: Brophy Juliet K. , Matthews Gregory J. , Thiruvathukal George K. 
Published: July 2019

Previous research provides a method for reducing the subjectivity in taxonomic identification of species in the family Bovidae by quantifying the occlusal surface of molar teeth using elliptical Fourier analysis. In this current study, we specifically test what effect medium to late tooth wear has on the identification of bovids when using the form (size and shape) of the occlusal surface to classify specimens. To achieve this, the classification results of teeth with ≥85% of their occlusal surface (training data set) were compared with the results of teeth with <85% of their occlusal surface (test data set) due to wear. In the training data set, all tribes classified correctly >87% of the time with both Alcelaphini and Reduncini classifying correctly >90% of the time. The worn teeth in the test data set classified correctly at lower rates, but all tribes still collectively had a good classification accuracy (>60%) with classification of Alcelaphini and Tragelaphini at >75% and Reduncini at >65%. Hippotragini classified correctly 50% of the time and Neotragini 42%. The one worn Bovini tooth in the test data set was classified as that of a Hippotragini. The classification rates of teeth with medium to late wear were lower than the unworn teeth, but not so low as to suggest that this methodology for identifying bovid teeth is inappropriate for worn teeth, especially when supplementary to other methods.
Significance:

Worn teeth can be taxonomically identified by performing elliptical Fourier analysis on the occlusal surface of their teeth.
While teeth with medium to late wear correctly classify at lower rates than relatively unworn ones, the methodology is a valuable supplement to other methods for taxonomically identifying bovid teeth. Worn teeth of the tribes Alcelaphini and Tragelaphini classify at the highest rates.

Open data set:
https://github.com/gjm112/TeethWear
Las casas prefabricadas de las fincas cafetaleras del Soconusco, México.
Authors: Mejia Ana Johari 
Published: July 2019

Las casas prefabricadas construidas por empresas de EUA, entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, llegaron al Soconusco mexicano (en el estado de Chiapas) con la migración de familias germano-guatemaltecas para constituir fincas dedicadas a la producción de café lavado destinado a la exportación mundial. Este texto, indagará sobre el origen de las casas prefabricadas y buscará dar explicación sobre los motivos de adquisición, a la vez que documentará dos casas construidas a partir de este método de prefabricación de elementos y posterior ensamblaje en obra.
The Denver Earthquake Sequence of March–April 1981
Authors: Bollinger G. A. , Adams Martha J. , Henrisey R. F. , Langer C. J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Denver earthquake sequence of March–April 1981 was monitored by a network of four permanent and eight portable seismographs. In addition to the main shock (mb = 4.3) on 2 April, six microaftershocks (M < 2) during the subsequent two-week period were recorded and located. Five of those six events had epicenters within the most active area of the 1967–1968 Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) sequence. A composite focal mechanism solution for the main shock and the six aftershocks showed a combination of reverse and strike-slip faulting (14% inconsistency in the 29 P-wave polarities) that is different from the predominantly normal faulting reported for the 1967–1968 RMA sequence. These different focal mechanisms, plus variable water-level response at the RMA well during the earthquake sequence in the 1960’s, may suggest the presence of a multiple fracture system in the source volume.
Some Aspects of the Seismic Scaling and the Strong Ground Motion of the Eastern Missouri Earthquake of January 12, 1984
Authors: Nuttli Otto W. , Bowling David S. , Lawson J. E. , Wheeler Randall 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Strong-motion records from a velocity meter were recorded at an epicentral distance of 4.5 km from the January 12, 1984 eastern Missouri earthquake of mb = 3.0. Peak values of ground velocity, associated with only one or two wave cycles, are: transverse component, 0.18 cm/sec; radial component, 0.16 cm/sec; vertical component, 0.12 cm/sec. The levels of the sustained motion, which extends from the onset of S to about 0.4 sec later, are: transverse component, 0.064 cm/sec; radial component, 0.061 cm/sec; vertical component, 0.061 cm/sec. The data are consistent with a spectral scaling relation assuming either a 3.5 or 4.0 slope of the logarithm of the seismic moment versus the logarithm of the corner frequency, but cannot be used to choose between the two relations.
Broadband Lg Magnitude
Authors: Herrmann R. B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The application of the Nuttli (1973) definition of mbLg to observations with periods away from 1.0 seconds as suggested by Boore and Atkinson (1987) and Atkinson and Boore (1987) is studied with emphasis on observations in the 1.0 –10.0 second range and on single degree of freedom seismographs. Simulation studies indicate the efficacy of this usage, but also provides insight into the interrelated effects of the instrument, anelastic attenuation and the seismic source on observed amplitudes. In order to relate a broadband Lg magnitude to the source spectrum, a correction term must be applied to the mLg (f) relation of Herrmann and Kijko (1983).
The 12 July 1986 St. Marys, Ohio Earthquake and Recent Seismicity in the Anna, Ohio Seismogenic Zone
Authors: Schwartz Susan Y. , Christensen Douglas H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An earthquake with body wave magnitude 4.5 occurred in the Anna Ohio Seismogenic Zone near the town of St. Marys, Ohio on 12 July 1986. The St. Marys earthquake had a seismic moment of 4.5 × 1022 dyne-cm and a maximum intensity of VI in the epicentral area. It is the largest event to occur in the Anna, Ohio region since the events of 2 March 1937 (total felt area magnitude=4.7) and 9 March 1937 (total felt area magnitude=4.9). The focal mechanism for the St. Marys earthquake indicates a nearly pure strike-slip motion with one nodal plane approximately parallel to the proposed Anna-Champaign Fault and a nearly horizontal p-axis oriented east-northeast. Although the locations of the 1937 events are not well-determined, reports of maximum intensities for the 1937 events near Anna, Ohio indicate that they occurred in a distinctly different location from the St. Marys earthquake. The seismicity in the Anna Seismogenic Zone indicates that much of the seismic activity is concentrated in a northwest to southeast elongate region, extending from Anna, Ohio northwest past Celina, Ohio. This trend parallels the proposed Anna-Champaign Fault as well as lineaments which can be detected on Landsat images, which suggests that this fault may be controlling the seismic behavior in this region.
Intraplate Seismicity in Alaska
Authors: Biswas N. N. , Tytgat G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A large part of central Alaska and the whole of northeast Alaska are dominated by intraplate tectonics. In this tectonic regime, earthquakes are primarily restricted to the crust (≈40 km); their magnitudes and density decrease northward. In terms of principal stresses — σ1 (compressional = P), σ2 (intermediate = B) and σ3 (tension = T), where σ1 > σ2 > σ3, the state of stress in the crust of central and northeast Alaska obtained from focal mechanism solutions (Biswas et al., 1986a) shows nearly horizontal orientations of P and T and nearly vertical orientations of B.
Characterization of an Intraplate Seismogenic Fault in the Manhattan Prong, Westchester Co., N. Y.
Authors: Seeber Leonardo , Dawers Nancye 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A close correlation in location, orientation and sense of slip is found between the Dobbs Ferry fault zone (DFFZ) and the 1985 Ardsley earthquake rupture (mb =4.0) in southern Westchester Co., N.Y. A 3 km portion of the DFFZ that had been previously recognized by Hall is now traced for 8 km from the Hudson River to Cameron’s Line. Detailed mapping reveals a northwest trending zone of intense fracturing and faulting associated with a set of aligned linear valleys. The fault zone is a tabular zone of discontinuous faults and fractures rather than a single through-going fault, and cumulative offset across it is very small, considering size and age of the structure. Fractures range from purely extensional joints, to small-displacement slickensided microfaults, to brittle faults with measurable offset, breccia, and gouge. Mesoscopic structural data argue for predominantly left-lateral motion on the DFFZ. Sinistral motion also predominated in the 1985 earthquake sequence. The accumulated displacement on the DFFZ shown by offset Paleozoic-age markers, however, is right-lateral (20–30m). Other northwest-striking brittle faults in the Manhattan Prong exhibit similar right-lateral offsets. This discrepancy along with other data suggest a multi-phase evolution, probably including a plate-boundary phase coinciding with Mesozoic rifting and a presently active intraplate phase. The more recent left-lateral phase probably involved fault formation from preexisting (Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic ?) joints. Preliminary results of this study have immediate application to earthquake hazard analysis and broad implications regarding intraplate seismogenesis. Firstly, faults with little or no accumulated displacement (“low-displacement faults”) can be the source of significant earthquakes. Thus, rates and recency of displacement on faults need to be reevaluated as criteria for earthquake potential. Secondly, the structural setting of intraplate seismogenic faults may provide a basis for segmentation, leading to limits on the maximum characteristic size of earthquakes, which could be much smaller than magnitude estimates derived from a single rupture of the entire fault.
High-Frequency Seismic Wave Propagation in Northeastern North America
Authors: Hough S. E. , Jacob K. H. , Seeber L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A key element in the assessment of seismic hazard is the estimation of how energy propagation from a given earthquake is affected by crustal structure near the receiver and along the more distant propagation path. In this paper, we present data from a variety of sources in eastern North America recorded at epicentral distances of a few to 800 km, and characterize and interpret systematic features. Site effects have been classically considered in terms of amplification either within a sediment-filled valley or from a single topographic feature (Geli et al., 1988). We present evidence of high frequency (5–30 Hz) resonances observed in hard-rock recordings of both body waves and Lg waves, and suggest that site effect should be expanded regionally to include structural and topographic information over sufficiently large areas to include several wavelengths of any features that may interact with seismic waves in the frequency range of interest. A growing body of evidence suggests that ground motions at high frequencies recorded at large epicentral distances in eastern North America are controlled by resonance effects. We hypothesize that a fundamental difference between eastern and western North America spectra stems from a combination of differences in the character of topography and near-surface structure. Active tectonics of western North America gives rise to a complex crust that scatters seismic energy in a random manner and results in very effective attenuation of high frequencies. The older eastern North American crust contains scatterers that are more ordered, with characteristic length scales that give rise to resonance phenomena in the frequency band critical for earthquake hazard. We present preliminary analysis of topographic data from the Adirondack Mountains in New York that demonstrates the existence of characteristic length scales on the order of up to 1–3 kilometers. Features with these length scales will effectively scatter energy at frequencies in the 1 to 10 Hz range.
Maximum Magnitude Estimation for An Intraplate Setting - Example: The Giles County, Virginia, Seismic Zone
Authors: Bollinger G. A. , Sibol M. S. , Chapman M. C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The process of maximum magnitude estimation is intrinsically subjective and depends directly on the experience and judgment of the analyst. Coppersmith et al. (1987; Table 1) discuss six methods for determining the maximum magnitude earthquake for a seismogenic zone. Those include: (I) Addition of an increment to the largest historical earthquake, (II) Extrapolation of magnitude recurrence relations, (III) Use of source dimensions to estimate magnitude, (IV) Statistical approaches (application of extreme value theory and maximum likelihood techniques), (V) Strain rate or moment release rate methods, and (VI) Reference to a global data base. Each technique has associated uncertainties in its applicability to the zone under consideration as well as in the specification of the key parameters involved. Of the six techniques listed above, only the first three are applicable to the data bases presently available for intraplate areas. Application of methods I, II, and III, to the Giles County, Virginia, seismic zone leads to the following results: MS,I = 6.9 (second subscript indicating which of the six methods was used) from adding a 1.0 increment to the maximum historical earthquake known to have occurred in the zone (May 31, 1897; MMI = VIII; mb = 5.8, MS = 5.9), MS,II = 7.0 from extension of the magnitude recurrence curve for the zone to a recurrence interval of 1000 years, and MS,III = 6.5 from the average of six estimates for the fault zone area. For a single estimate of maximum magnitude, the average of the above three values MS = 6.8 or equivalently, mb = 6.3 can be used.
Imaging the Active Faults of the Central New Madrid Seismic Zone Using Panda Array Data
Authors: Chiu J.M. , Johnston A.C. , Yang Y.T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
More than 700 earthquakes have been located in the central New Madrid seismic zone during a two-year deployment of the PANDA array. Magnitudes range from < 0.0 to the mblg 4.6 Risco, Missouri earthquake of 4 May 1991. The entire data set is digital, three-component and on-scale. These data were inverted to obtain a new shallow crustal velocity model of the upper Mississippi embayment for both P- and S-waves. Initially, inversion convergence was hindered by extreme velocity contrasts between the soft, low-velocity surficial alluvial sediments and the underlying Paleozoic carbonate and clastic high-velocity rock. However, constraints from extensive well log data for the embayment, secondary phases (Sp and Ps), and abundant, high-quality shear-wave data have yielded a relatively robust inversion. This in turn has led to a hypocentral data set of unprecedented quality for the central New Madrid seismic zone.
Contrary to previous studies that utilized more restricted data, the PANDA data clearly delineate planar concentrations of hypocenters that compel an interpretation as active faults. Our results corroborate the vertical (strike-slip) faulting of the the southwest (axial), north-northeast, and western arms and define two new dipping planes in the central segment. The seismicity of the left-step zone between the NE-trending vertical segments is concentrated about a plane that dips at ∼31°SW; a separate zone to the SE of the axial zone defines a plane that dips at ∼48°SW. The reason for this difference in dip, possibly defining segmentation of an active fault, is not dear. When these planes are projected up dip, they intersect the surface along the eastern boundary of the Lake County uplift (LCU) and the western portion of Reelfoot Lake. If these SW-dipping planes are thrust faults, then the LCU would be on the upthrown hanging wall and Reelfoot Lake on the downthrown footwall. If in turn these inferred thrust faults were involved in the 1811–12 and/or pre-1811 large earthquakes, they provide an internally consistent explanation for (1) the existence and location of the LCU, (2) the wide-to-the-north, narrow-to-the-south shape of the LCU, and (3) the subsidence and/or impoundment of Reelfoot Lake.