bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance mechanisms involved in complex immunity of wheat against rust diseases
Authors: Skolotneva E. S. , Salina E. A. 
Published: August 2019

The review is devoted to the disclosure of the modern concept of plant immunity as a hierarchical system of plant host protection, controlled by combinations of major and minor resistance genes (loci). The “zigzag” model is described in detail for discussing the molecular bases of plant immunity with key concepts: pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering innate immunity, ambivalent effectors causing susceptibility, but when interacting with resistance genes, a hypersensitive reaction or alternative defense mechanisms. There are three types of resistance in cereals: (1) basal resistance provided by plasma membrane-localized receptors proteins; (2) racespecific resistance provided by intracellular immune R-receptors; (3) partial resistance conferred by quantitative gene loci. The system ‘wheat (Triticum aestivum) – the fungus causing leaf rust (Puccinia triticina)’ is an interesting model for observing all the resistance mechanisms listed above, since the strategy of this pathogen is aimed at the constitutive use of host resources. The review focuses on known wheat genes responsible for various types of resistance to leaf rust: race-specific genes Lr1, Lr10, Lr19, and Lr21; adult resistance genes which are hypersensitive Lr12, Lr13, Lr22a, Lr22b, Lr35, Lr48, and Lr49; nonhypersensitive genes conferring partial resistance Lr34, Lr46, Lr67, and Lr77. The involvement of some wheat R-genes in pre-haustorial resistance to leaf rust has been discovered recently: Lr1, Lr3a, Lr9, LrB, Lr19, Lr21, Lr38. The presence of these genes in the genotype ensures the interruption of early pathogenesis through the following mechanisms: disorientation and branching of the germ tube; formation of aberrant fungal penetration structures (appressorium, substomatal vesicle); accumulation of callose in mesophyll cell walls. Breeding for immunity is accelerated by implementation of data on various mechanisms of wheat resistance to rust diseases, which are summarized in this review.
Epigenetics of suicidal behavior
Authors: Mustafin R. N. , Kazantseva A. V. , Enikeeva R. F. , Davydova Yu. D. , Malykh S. B. , Viktorov V. V. , Khusnutdinova E. K. 
Published: August 2019

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people and therefore being a serious global problem worldwide. The study of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of suicidal behavior plays an important role in the development of advanced methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The role of hereditary factors in the development of suicidal behavior is estimated at 30–55 %, with a pronounced comorbidity with other psychopathologies. The study of genetic liability to suicidal behavior is based on molecular-genetic methods including association and linkage analyses, chip gene expression arrays, and genome-wide association studies. Published data identified multiple genes including those involved in the functioning of serotonergic (SLC6A4, TPH, 5-HT1A), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems (FKBP5) and polyamines (SAT and OATL1) associated with suicidal behavior. However, the diversity of interacting genetic loci complicates the interpretation of the development of a complex phenotype of pathology and prevents the association from being detected. To solve this problem and interpret the missing relationship between the environment and the genome, promising results were obtained from a study of epigenetic factors, which affected the expression of a number of candidate genes involved in brain functioning in suicidal behavior. The analysis of a brain obtained from suicide victims, representing a unique tool for the analysis of modified genomic processes, revealed a wide range of reprogramming patterns of DNA methylation in promoters of the genes of polyamine (OAZ1, OAZ2, AMD1, ARG2, SKA2), serotonergic (SLC6A4) and GABAergic (GABRA1) systems, HPA-axis (GR, NR3C1), tyrosine kinase (TrkB) receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The role of histone modifications in distinct genes (Cx30, Cx43, TrkB.T1) and the expression of specific long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs in the development of suicidal behavior, which is promising for the development of diagnostic algorithms and target therapy, is discussed.
A thorny pathway of macrophage activating factor (GcMAF): from bench to bedside
Authors: Ostanin A. A. , Kirikovich S. S. , Dolgova E. V. , Proskurina А. S. , Chernykh E. R. , Bogachev S. S. 
Published: August 2019

Vitamin D3 Binding Protein (DBP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein whose main role is to transport vitamin D3 and its metabolites, but it also is the precursor of the macrophage activating factor (GcMAF). DBP is converted to GcMAF as a result of site-specific selective deglycosylation under the action of β-galactosidase and sialidase, localized on activated B and T cells, respectively. GcMAF exerts its biological activity primarily as the capability of activating macrophages by enhancing their phagocytic function and producing ROS. Activation results in elevated expression of the specific macrophageal surface receptors involved in the recognition of tumor-associated antigens, as well as in the implementation of direct anticancer activity by inducing the apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells. Increased interest in GcMAF is associated with its potential to be used in the clinic as a new antitumor drug. Besides its anti-tumor activity, GcMAF exerts a potential against a number of viral and neurodegenerative diseases associated with increased activity of N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) in the blood serum of patients. Nagalase is an enzyme that completely (rather than selectively) deglycosylates DBP so it cannot be converted to GcMAF, leading to immunodeficiency. Circulating DBP is composed of unmodified and O-glycosylated molecules with the glycosylation degree being dependent on the allelic variants of the gene encoding DBP. The role of DBP in the resistance of organism against a number of diseases is supported by the increased risk of a variety of severe illnesses (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, colorectal cancer etc.) in patients deficient for GcMAF due to homozygosity for defective DBP alleles. In this review, we also will examine in detail the current data i) on the structure and functions of DBP, as the main precursor of GcMAF, ii) on the main mechanisms of GcMAF anticancer effect, iii) on the tumor strategy for neutralizing GcMAF activity, iv) on the results of GcMAF clinical trials in various cancers; and will discuss the available controversies regarding the positioning of GcMAF as an effective antitumor drug.
In Silico Analysis of Biomarker Potentials of miRNA-Mediated ceRNAs in Gastric Neoplasms
Authors: Us altay Diler , Ergün Sercan 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study is to define novel biomarkers for gastric neoplasm (GN) via in silico analysis that takes GN-specific miRNAs, finds their combinatorial target genes (potential ceRNAs), selects ones containing T-UCR among them and potentiates their relevance with GN. Based on this study we can plan new in vitro and in vivo studies.

Methods: Four miRNAs of which clinical relevances with GN were
proved experimentally were exported via mirTarbase. Using the ComiR database,
1008 genes targeted by these 4 miRNAs simultaneously were identified. Genes
containing T-UCR and showing potential ceRNA activity were extracted. Among
GN-associated ceRNAs including T-UCR, we identified genes with significant
expression differences between GN and normal stomach tissue using the GEPIA
database. The statistical evaluation of the association of NFAT5 and CLK3 genes with
GN was performed by Spearman correlation test in GEPIA database.

Results:
GN-associated ceRNAs cross-matching with genes including T-UCR in their exonic
regions were NFAT5 and CLK3. We identified genes with significant expression differences between
GN and normal stomach tissues among GN-associated ceRNAs including T-UCR.
According to this analysis, only NFAT5 gene
was significantly higher expressed in GN than in normal stomach tissue while
the other didn’t show any significant differential expression pattern. NFAT5 and CLK3 genes were found to be significantly correlated with GN
(p&lt;0.001; R=0.22)

Conclusion:
All in all, this is the study associating NFAT5
gene with GN for the first time and giving it ongogenic potential for GN.
Still, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed on this issue.
The Clinical Predictive Value of the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Biomarker in Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: YILMAZ Ali , ALTAŞ Hilal , YILDIRIM Timur , KAYGISIZ Şükran , IŞIK Hasan Serdar 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Low back pain is a frequently seen problem in the society and causes loss
of labor. Although etiology of lumbar disc herniation is multi-factorial it is
known that it is determinant for the etiology of intervertebral disc
degeneration herniation. In recent studies, it has been shown that it has an
efficient role in the process of inflamation and inflamatory cytokine disc. We
aimed to investigate the association between the neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio level as an inflammatory biomarker in
patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Methods: 394 patients between the age
of 18-80 applying to our center because of low back pain complaint and having
lumbar MR were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups
as having lumbar disc hernia and not having based on the lumbar MR result.
Blood samples were taken from all patients during application and neutrophil lymphocyte
rates were calculated.

Results. Average age of group with lumbar disc hernia
was 46 and 55 of these cases were female and 45 of them were male. N/L rate was
measured as 3.81+/-1.85 (p=0.001) in the group having lumbar disc hernia and
significant difference compared to the control group was noted. It was found
out that lifting weight (β=0.121 95% Cl (0.052-0.281), P&lt;0.001),BMI
(β=0.226, 95% Cl (0.080-0.640) P=0.005), DM (β=0.268 95% Cl (0.074-0.969),
P=0.045), smoking (β=3.226 95% Cl (1,343-7.749), P&lt;0.009), educational
background (β=5.268 95% Cl (1.941-9.796), P=0.001) and NLR (β=1.302 95% Cl
(1.013-1.673), P=0.039) were the independent predictors in the presence of
lumbar disc herniation.

Conclusion:
NLR may be used as a simple and reliable premise independent predictor of
lumbar disc herniation in patients with low back pain.
GAMBARAN PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PEDULI REMAJA (PKPR) DI PUSKESMAS DUPAK SURABAYA
Authors: Avilla Tamara 
Published: August 2019

Background: Adolescent health services is one of the government programs aimed at teenagers in Indonesia with the intention that teenagers have a comfortable place to grip or help deal with all sorts of teenage problems that are being faced. This PKPR is implemented in every Health Care. Purpose: the aims of this study was seen implementation PKPR in Dupak Health Care, Surabaya. Methods: This study was conducted at Dupak Health Care, Surabaya using qualitative descriptive research with observation method and in-depth interview at Head of Dupak Health Care Surabaya, holder of UKBM program (The Effort of Health Community Based Services) in Health Care, PKPR program holder, and some teenagers working area of Health Care. Results: The results and discussion in this journal that describes the implementation of health care services adolescents at Puskesmas Dupak Surabaya Health Center by adjusting the reference of National Standard PKPR 2014 and in line with previous similar research. Conclusion: There is a mismatch between the implementation of PKPR and the national standard of health care for adolescents that is influenced by various factors.
In vitro Callus Cultures for Enhanced Production of Flavonoid (Quercetin) Content, its Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Nyctanthes arbortristis
Authors: Ruchita Shrivastava  , Ajay Kumar Bharadwaj  
Published: August 2019

Flavonoids have stirred extensive intrigue in light of their potential helpful impact on human wellbeing. Quercetin is a standout amongst the most copious regular flavonoids present in therapeutic plants. The present study was planned to study the in vitro production of flavonoids in callus culture of Nyctanthes arbortristis using different plant growth regulators, and screening of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves. The callus was produced by transferring the sterile leaves on MS medium containing different concentration of cytokinins like 0.5 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 1.0 mg/l KN (kinetin) with auxins like 0.5 - 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Nyctanthes arbortristis leaves and callus were prepared. The content of quercetin in plant extract and callus extract were performed by HPLC. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of leaves were performed by using agar well diffusion and spectroscopy antibacterial activity method. The phytochemical study uncovered the nearness of different secondary metabolites in various extract of plant. The HPLC study confirmed the presence of methoxylated flavonoid quercetin-3,3’-dimethoxy-7-0-rhamnoglucopyranose as a active component in extract. The callus contained higher amount of quercetin compared to fresh leaves. The antibacterial screening results showed that ethanol extract of Nyctanthus arbortristis leaves has been observed an efficient antibacterial effect against different microbes namely S. aureus, E. coli, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa.
Antiulcer and Antihyperlipidaemic Efficacy of Catharanthus roseus Leaves on pylorus ligation induced Ulcer in Experimental Animals
Authors: Pahadiya Anitakumari Rambhai  , Dr. S.S. Sisodia  , Arijit Chaudhuri  , Arpit Patidar  
Published: August 2019

The present study was undertaken to scientifically validate the antiulcer and antihyperlipidaemic activity of leaves of Catharanthus roseus against pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals. The methanol extract of leaves were prepared, and phytochemical analysis of extract were performed. The antiulcer activity as seen by the area of gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity, pH, percentage of ulcer protection and ulcer index were estimated. The antihyperlipidaemic activity with following parameters cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides (TGL), low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Cholesterol/HDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were also evaluated. The phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of leaves of Catharanthus roseus demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides and saponin. The extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and standard drug treated animals significantly decreased the gastric volume, total acidity, free acidity and ulcer index; and pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased compared to ulcer control group. The extract and standard drug treated rats significantly decreased in TGL, total cholesterol, VLDL, Cholesterol/HDL and LDL, and increased HDL compared to ulcer induced control group rats. The above finding suggests the antiulcer and antihyperlipidaemic activity of Catharanthus roseus extracts.
The Decisive Role of Microdispersion Formation in Improved Oil Recovery by Low-Salinity-Water Injection in Sandstone Formations
Authors: Mahzari Pedram , Sohrabi Mehran , Façanha Juliana M. 
Published: August 2019

Summary
Efficiency of low–salinity–water injection primarily depends on oil/brine/rock interactions. Microdispersion formation (as the dominant interfacial interaction between oil and low–salinity water) is one of the mechanisms proposed for the reported additional oil recovery by low–salinity–water injection. Using similar rock and brines, here in this work, different crude–oil samples were selected to examine the relationship between crude–oil potency to form microdispersions and improved oil recovery (IOR) by low–salinity–water injection in sandstone cores. First, the potential of the crude–oil samples to form microdispersions was measured; next, coreflood tests were performed to evaluate the performance of low–salinity–water injection in tertiary mode. Sandstone core plugs taken from a whole reservoir core were used for the experiments. The tests started with spontaneous imbibition followed by forced imbibition of high–salinity brine. Low–salinity brine was then injected in tertiary mode. The oil–recovery profiles and compositions of the produced brine were measured to investigate the IOR benefits as well as the geochemical interactions.
The results demonstrate that the ratio of the microdispersion quantity to bond water is the main factor controlling the effectiveness of low–salinity–water injection. In general, a monotonic trend was observed between incremental oil recovery and the microdispersion ratio of the different crude–oil samples. In addition, it can be inferred from the results that geochemical interactions (pH and ionic interactions) would be mainly controlled by the rock's initial wettability, and also that these processes could not affect the additional oil recovery by low-salinity-water injection. To further verify the observations of geochemical interactions, a novel experiment was designed and performed on a quartz substrate to investigate the ionic interactions on the film of water between an oil droplet and a flat quartz substrate, when the high–salinity brine was replaced with the low–salinity brine. The results of the flat–substrate test indicated that the water film beneath the oil could not interact with the surrounding brine, which is in line with the results of the core tests.
Comparative analysis of PIA and rSesC mixture, as vaccine candidate against the biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: Mirzaei Bahman , Babaei Ryhane , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Goli Hamid Reza , Gholami Sanaz Amir , Bahonar Sarah , Haghshenas Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus as a causative agent of hospital-acquired infections, has been considered as the primary concern in biomaterial-related infections (BAIs).
Methods: Following the purification of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) as an efficient macromolecule in biofilm formation in the native condition, recombinant S. epidermidis surface exposed rSesC protein, with the most homology to clumping factor A (ClfA) in S. aureus was cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic host as well. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and Western blotting procedure analyzed purified PIA and protein, respectively. Then, the immune response was evaluated by measuring total IgG titers. Moreover, the capacity of Anti-biofilm forming activity of arisen antibodies to a biofilm forming S. aureus strains was assessed by semi-quantitative micro-plate procedure.
Results: Data showed that the total IgGs was boosted in mice immunized sera. By performing inhibition assay, biofilm inhibitory effect of secreted antibodies to test strain was observed. Arisen antibodies against the mixture significantly were more potent than PIA and rSesC, when comparing them in a biofilm inhibition assay.
Predictions of Indigenous Chicken Phenotypes from Genotypes: Comparison Between Machine Learning and conventional Linear Models
Authors: SUMUKWO CHESANG , Chesang Sumukwo , Muasya Thomas K. , Ngeno Kiplangat. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Genomic selection is a new breeding strategy which is rapidly becoming the method of choice of selection. It is useful in predicting the phenotypes of quantitative traits based on genome-wide markers of genotypes using conventional predictive models such as ridge regression BLUP. However, these conventional predictive models are faced with a statistical challenge related to the high dimensionality of marker data, inter and intra-allelic interactions and typically make strong assumptions. Machine learning models can be used as an alternative in the prediction of phenotypes due to their ability to address this challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the predictive ability of machine learning using deep convolutional neural network (DeepGS), conventional neural network (Artificial neural network), conventional statistical predictive model ridge regression best linear unbiased (RR-BLUP) model and combination of DeepGS and RR-BLUP(Ensemble model) in predicting body weight (BW) of indigenous chicken based on genome-wide markers. The pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) results from this study for the four models were 0.891,0.889, 0.892 and 0.812 for DeepGS, RR-BLUP, Ensemble and ANN. This showed that DeepGS did not yield significant difference (p>0.05) from the other models, therefore, it can be used in complement to the commonly used conventional models. For individuals with higher phenotypic values, the PCC results showed a drastic decrease in the performance of DeepGS, rrBLUP, Ensemble and ANN from 0.891, 0.889, 0.892, 0.845 to 0.315, 0.466, 0.342, 0.518 respectively. Therefore, more effort should be put on individuals with higher phenotypic values.
The effectives of schistosomiasis health education sessions in primary and secondary schools in Pemba Island, Zanzibar
Authors: Xu Da Cheng , Li Wei , Juma Saleh , He Ming Zhen , Kabole Fatma , Wang Xin Yao , Yang Kun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis seriously endangers the health of African people, hinders local economic and social development, and becomes a serious local public health problem. Since 1994, the Zanzibar government has implemented preventive chemotherapy measures, and the infection rate of the population has been declining. However, due to the singularity of prevention and control measures, the current situation of prevention and control of schistosomiasis is still very serious. This study was to analyze the effects of health education sessions in primary and secondary schools in Pemba Island, Zanzibar.
Methods: 5 primary and 3 secondary schools were selected, and schistosomiasis health education sessions were carried out. Students were randomly selected for cognitive level test including 8 knowledge questions and 4 behavior questions before and after the sessions, thereafter the effect of health education was evaluated.
Result : A total 712 students were sampled before and after the health education in 8 schools. Before the health education session, the awareness rates for schistosomiasis were 64.62% and 68.75% among primary and secondary school, respectively. After the session, the awareness rates increased to 79.74% and 84.70%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 =8.23, P=0.0041). Before the sessions, the behavioral correctness rates were 63.96% and 54.79% among boys and girls. After the sessions, the behavioral correctness rates increased to 82.83% and 76.58%, and the difference was also statistically significant (χ 2 =143.84, P<0.0001).
Conclusion : The current awareness and behavioral correctness rates of schistosomiasis were low in Pemba Island, Zanzibar, hence health education needs to be strengthened. The schistosomiasis health education sessions can improve the current cognitive level of schistosomiasis for students.
Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Health education sessions, Effect analysis, Zanzibar