bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium Study and Biological Activity of Cu(II) with Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and Some Amino acids and DNA
Authors: Hosny Wafaa , Khalaf- Alaa Perihan 
Published: May 2018

This study presents the acid-base equilibrium of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The stability constant values of the binary and ternary complexes formed in solution among polyvinyl alcohol, Cu (II), some amino acids and DNA were determined potentiomertically. The stability constants of the complexes are determined and the concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes are evaluated. The ligand and their metal chelates have been screened for their antimicrobial activities using the disc diffusion method against the selected bacteria and fungi. Binary and ternary complexes of copper (II) involving polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and various biologically relevant ligands containing different functional groups, were investigated. The ligands (L) are amino acids and DNA constituents. The ternary complexes of amino acids and DNA are formed by simultaneous reactions respectively. The results showed the formation of Cu (PVA) (L) complexes with amino acids and DNA. Amino acids form both Cu (PVA)(L) complexes and the corresponding protonated Cu(PVA)(LH) and deprotonated species Cu(PVA)(LH−1). The ternary complexes of copper (II) with (PVA) and DNA are formed in a stepwise process, whereby binding of copper (II) to (PVA) is followed by ligation of the DNA components. DNA constituents form 1:1 complexes with Cu (PVA). The stability of these ternary complexes was quantitatively compared with their corresponding binary complexes in terms of the parameter ∆ log10K. The values of ∆ log10K indicate that the ternary complexes containing aromatic amino acids were significantly more stable than the complexes containing alkyl- and hydroxyl alkyl substituted amino acids. The concentration distribution of various complex species formed in solution was also evaluated as a function of pH. The antimicrobial activities using the disc diffusion method against some selected bacteria and fungi. The activity data show that the metal complexes are found to have antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleoside Triphosphates. Does It Involve An Ion-Radical Path ?
Authors: Buchachenko Anatoly L. , Grigoryev Maxim E. , Breslavskaya Natalya N. , Kuznetsov Dmitry A. 
Published: May 2018

Accumulation and release of energy in the nucleoside triphosphate enzymatic synthesis and hydrolysis does not limited to a routine energy consuming nucleophilic mechanism. These processes require an overcoming the large energy barrier exceeding a total value of accumulated or released energy level by at least 3 – 4 times (~10 kcal/mol). This energy is supposed to be taken from the mechanical compression of the catalytic site and used to form P–O chemical bond by a direct nucleophilic addition of phosphate to nucleoside diphosphate (ADP as an example). A new, energetically “cheap”, ion-radical mechanism of the ATP biosynthesis has been proposed due to the observation of magnetic isotope and magnetic field effects on the ATP synthesis. This mechanism is about to generate a compression energy to “spend” on a partial dehydratation of magnesium ion inside the nucleotidyl transferase catalyric site (energy cost of this process is 3-5 kcal/mol, i.e. by 2-3 times less than a total accumulated or released energy). Dehydration of this ion is to increase its electron affinity and hence to stimulate an electron transfer from ADP3- to Mg2+. This reaction is a starting point of the ion-radical mechanism considering the molecular mechanics of enzymatic machines and its quantum chemistry background as well. To the contrast of a hardly controllable nucleophilic path, the ion-radical mechanism might be turned on/off by a targeted delivery of paramagnetic magnesium ions, 25Mg2+, towards the phosphate transferring enzyme catalytic site. The magnesium isotope substitution is easily reachable by the endo-osmotic pressure techniques, which makes it attractive for further biotechnological and/or pharmacological application(s).
Development of Simple Green Spectrophotometric and Conductometric Methods for Determination of Cephalosporins in Pure, Pharmaceutical Dosage forms and Human Urine
Authors: Sayed Rania Adel , Hassan Wafaa Sayed , El-Mammli Magda Youssif , Shalaby Abdalla 
Published: May 2018

Five Simple, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric and conductometric methods were developed for the determination of four third generation cephalosporins, namely, cefotaxime sodium (I) , cefoperazone sodium (II), ceftazidime pentahydrate (III) and cefdinir (IV) in pure active ingredient, pharmaceutical dosage forms and human urine. Method A: is based on the reaction of the sulphide ions produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of the cited four drugs with P- aminophenol (PAP). This reaction results in a thionine dye (phenothiazine derivative) formation which exhibits maximum absorbance at 545 nm. Method B: is based on oxidation of drug (I and III) with a known excess of n-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in acidic medium followed by the determination of unreacted amount of n-bromosuccinimide with metol and sulphanilic acid. The purple-red reaction product exhibits maximum absorbance at 520 nm. Method C: is based on the formation of yellow chelate between drug (IV) and palladium (II) chloride in buffered medium (pH 3.5) with an absorption maximum at 314 nm. Method D: is based on the reaction of drug (IV) with aqueous ninhydrin to give yellow colored product in the presence of bicarbonate with an absorption maximum at 433 nm . Method E: A conductometric method is based on the reaction of the four cited drugs with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) forming an ion associate in aqueous medium. Validation of the proposed methods was carried out. All proposed methods were successfully applied for the commercial dosage forms of the cited drugs. Method C was successfully applied for the determination of cefdinir in human urine.
Electrochemical Reactions at Sacrificial Electrodes: Electrochemical Synthesis of Aluminium(III) Alkoxides and their Coordination Compounds
Authors: Singh Baljit , Bala Kanchan , Singh Kishanpal , Singh Sukhveer 
Published: May 2018

Electrochemical reactions of methanol, ethanol, propan-l-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, heptan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol and decan-1-ol (ROH) at sacrificial aluminium anode and inert platinum cathode in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride as a conductive additive and acetonitrile as solvent yield aluminium(III) alkoxides. On refluxing with ligand (L) {where L = 2,2’-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline} these alkoxides don’t form coordination compounds. However, the coordination compounds have been prepared by electrolyzing the solution of above alcohols in the presence of ligand (L) at aluminium anode. These products have been characterized by microanalysis, physical measurements and IR spectral studies.General formula conform to M(OR)3 and M(OR)3.L.{where M- Aluminium and L- ligand}.All these reactions proceed with high current efficiencies.
Isolation of crude-oil-degrading Sphingomonas paucimobilis from the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea
Authors: Sanayei Yasaman 
Published: May 2018

Oil spills are a major menace to the environment because they severely damage the surrounding ecosystems. Persian Gulf in this century, Situating in the middle east, having more than 65 percent of world’s oil and gas resources, having huge biodiversity and existing rich resources of pearls and shells have made this location unique and valuable. Oil and gas field wastewater or produced water is a significant waste stream in the oil and gas industries. In this study, the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch reactor process treating produced wastewater were investigated and compared. The SBR was operated in different hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 8, 20 and 44 h. Operation results showed that for a HRT of 20 h, the combined process effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD, oil removal efficiencies were 90.9 and 91.5 %, respectively .In this study, sequencing batch reactor(SBR) was used to treat synthetic and real produced water crude-oil-degrading Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteria was isolated from oil-contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Based on a high growth rate on crude oil and on hydrocarbon degradation ability. The combination of a SBR inoculated with a consortium of isolated halophilic microorganisms and a membrane filtration is an efficient, reliable, and compact process for organic matter produced water treatment without prior dilution.
Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on lipid profiles, antioxidant activity and expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in liver and intestine of hypercholesterolemic mice
Authors: Mohammadi Abbas , Norouzian Parham , Jamshidi Mohammad , Najafi Nader , Oshaghi Ebrahim Abbasi 
Published: May 2018

Garlic is one of the medicinal plants, which has shown many useful effects, including Antioxidant activity, hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic effects. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a cell-surface receptor which mediated selective cholesterol ester uptake from the HDL particle. SR-BI also has an important role in cholesterol absorption in the intestine. Animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=8); group 1: received chow + cholesterol (2%) + cholic acid (0.5%), group 2: chow + 4% (w/w) garlic extract + cholesterol (2%) + cholic acid (0.5%), and group 3: chow only. After one-month mice were sacrificed, blood was collected; lipid profile and blood glucose were determined enzymatically as well as mRNA and protein levels of SR-BI were determined by RT-PCR and westernblot respectively. Compared with hypercholesterolemic control, garlic extract significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C) and atherogenic index (all of them P<0.05). The activity of Super oxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase levels were markedly increased in garlic-treated animals compared with hypercholesterolemic animals (p<0.05). The plasma levels of MDA markedly reduced in garlic group compared with hypercholesterolemic group. Intestinal SR-BI mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in garlic extract mice treatment compared with hypercholesterolemic control. Levels of liver SR-BI protein significantly reduced in hypercholesterolemic group (P<0.05). In conclusion, garlic extract markedly reduced TC, LDL-C, TG, VLDL-C and atherogenic index, as compared with the hypercholesterolemic control group. On the other hand garlic extract led to down-regulation of SR-BI protein and mRNA in the intestine of mice.
A-Alkenoyl Ketene S,S- and N,S-Acetals As Starting For Unexpected and Novel Synthesis of N-Heterocycles
Authors: El-Saghier Ahmed M. M. , Makhlouf Mansour A. , Mahmoud Naglaa F. H. , El-Adawish Wedad A. 
Published: May 2018

A series of N-heterocycles such as diazaspiro-[4.5]decane, pyrazolo[4,3-d][1,2]-diazepine, imidazo[3,2,1ij][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives or pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-ol were synthesized using a-alkenoyl-, a,a-dialkenoyl ketene-(S,S)-acetals 2a-d, 3a-c or a-dialkenoyl ketene-(N,S)-acetal 12 as starting materials. The biological activity of some new synthesized compounds have been investigated.
One-Pot Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,2-Oxazines by Cyclization of Ketoximes with Derivatives of Allylbenzene
Authors: Yahya Raad Kasim , Rai K. M. Lokanatha , Musad Ebraheem Abdu , Sowmya P. T. 
Published: May 2018

A new series of 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines were synthesized via hetero Diels-Alder reaction of α-nitrosolefins with derivatives of allylbenzene. α-Nitrosoolefins were generated from ketoximes by the action of chloramine-T and triethylamine.
Comparison of Dissolved Metal Constituents of Borehole and Well Water in Osogbo Metropolis
Authors: D.P Oparinde , A. A Adesiyan , O.F Adesiyan , Moses Akiibinu O. 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Water is considered safe for consumption only if the dissolved particles are not hazardous to health. This study evaluated and compared the concentrations of certain metals in water from bore-holes and wells in Osogbo metropolis. Methods: A total number of 36 boreholes and 36 wells from six different geographical zones of Osogbo were used for this study. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, selenium, cobalt, cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc were determined in them using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method.Results: Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and manganese, increased significantly (P<0.05) while the level of copper decreased significantly (P<0.05) in well-water when compared with bore hole-water. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) observed in the levels of iron and lead in well-water when compared with bore-hole water. Zinc, cadmium, chromium, selenium and cobalt were not detected in both water samples. Levels of Mg, Pb and Cu were higher in both well and bore hole waters of Osogbo metropolis when compared with the WHO standard for drinkable water.Conclusion: It could be concluded in this study that well water may contain more dissolved metals from the top soil. To avoid metal-induced toxicity, feasibility studies may be necessary to ensure that wells are not sited in areas where toxic materials have been deposited.
Synthesis and Bio-Spectral Studies of Co(II) Complex of 5-Chloro-2,4-Dihydroxy Butyrophenoneoxime (CDHBOX)
Authors: Rehman F. , Bhardwaj M. , Jetley U.K. 
Published: May 2018

Co(II) complex of 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy butyrophenoneoxime (CDHBOX) was synthesized from 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy butyrophenoneoxime by using standard protocol, and characterized by elemental analyses, melting point determination and spectral data. The ML2 (metal/ligand) stoichiometry of the complex was determined by spectrophotometric and potentiometric studies, and mass spectral data. The value of stability constant of the complex was found to be 6.94x 108 while its standard free energy of formation is 12.155 kcal/mol at 27ºC. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 2-15 ppm of Co. The value of molar extinction coefficient and sensitivity as per Sandell’s scale were found to 3.35x 103 L.mol-1cm-1and 0.017 μg Co/cm2 respectively. The value of activation energy and the Arrhenius constant Arrhenius constant were found as 4.949 kjmol-1, 74.39. The IR studies reveal that the phenolic proton is lost on complexation and the oxygen of the phenolic (–OH) and nitrogen of the oximino (=NOH) groups coordinate with Co(II) ion. The electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurement indicate that the complex is paramagnetic and tetrahedral in nature. The antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of ligand and its Co(II)-complex has been evaluated against Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata fungi and Streproproteus, Staph, Escherchia coli, Klebsella, and pseudomonas bacteria. The results indicated that the ligand (CDHBOX) and its Co(II) complex have good anti-microbial properties.
Speciation Study of Heavy Metals in Soil within the Vicinity of a Metal Recycling Factory at Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyekunle John Adekunle Oyedele , Adekunle Abolanle Saheed , Ogunfowokan Aderemi Okunola , Durosinmi Lateefat Moyosore , Adelowotan Olusola , Oyeku Olugbenga Timothy 
Published: May 2018

A speciation study of Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in soil samples from a metal recycling factory in Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria, was carried out in order to assess the heavy metal pollution impact of the industrial processes on the immediate environment. Surface soil dust samples collected within the vicinity of the factory were subjected to a five-stage sequential extraction process. Levels of heavy metals in each fraction were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The overall mean values obtained for the metals in the fractions gave the range: Al (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.20 ± 0.01 µg/g ); Cd (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.23 ± 0.02 µg/g) ; Cu (2.93 ± 0.02 to 18.30 ± 1.95 µg/g) ; Mn (17.33 ± 0.03 to 91.68 ± 2.90 µg/g); Pb (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.43 ± 0.02 µg/g) and Zn (8.20 ± 0.01 to 35.08 ± 0.02 µg/g) . Both the contamination index and enrichment factor results indicated that all the soil samples were contaminated with Cd while a few sites showed Cu contamination. The mobility potential of the metals in the soil sample decreased in the order: Mn > Al > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb (West) and Cd > Al > Pb > Zn > Mn > Cu (East). The study revealed that the soil around the metal recycling factory is contaminated with heavy metals, and if left unmonitored and controlled could lead to serious environmental risk in the future.
Synthesis and Preliminary Kinetic Study of 5-fluorouracil Derivatives for Targeting Colon Tumor
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H. , Rahi Firas Aziz , Naji Hasanain Amer 
Published: May 2018

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used widely as an anticancer drug to treat solid cancers, such as colon, breast, rectal, and pancreatic cancers; although it’s clinical application is greatly limited by its short plasma half-life, poor tumor affinity, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal toxicity. To tackle these problems, numerous modifications of the 5- Fu structure have been performed.Thus, 5-Fu as possible colon specific prodrugs were synthesized in which 5-Fu is attached to amino acids (alanine & phenylalanine) using succinate group as a spacer via amide or ester bond. An approach to improve the properties of 5-fluorouracil is the chemical transformation into bioreversible derivatives (prodrugs) which are converted to the parent drug by enzymatic and / or chemical hydrolysis. The synthesis of the target compounds were accomplished following multistep reaction procedures, the chemical reaction followed up and the purity of the products were checked by TLC. The structures of the final compounds were confirmed by their melting points, infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectra. The hydrolysis of compounds III, IV, V, and VI in aqueous buffer solutions of pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 were studied. Compounds III, IV, V and VI had enough stability at pH 1.2 (t = 429.874min, t =429.874min, t=334.336min and t =376.139min respectively) and at pH 7.4 (t=601.823min, t=601.823min, t=429.874min and t=501.519min respectively); expecting that hydrolysis of these compounds by microbial enzymes in the colon will deliver 5-fluorouracil spontaneously.
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Characterization of a New Non-Centrosymmetric Organic Cation Iodate
Authors: Dhiab A.C. , Sta W. Smirani , Rzaigui M. 
Published: May 2018

The synthesis, crystal structure and physico-chemical characterization are presented for the piperazinium bis iodate dihydrate. An X-ray investigation has shown that this compound crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric monoclinic system, space group Pc with the lattice parameters: a = 8.969 (2) Å, b = 6.027 (3) Å, c = 11.958 (2) Å; V = 612.7 (3) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure was solved from 3546 independent reflexions with R1 = 0.053 and wR2 = 0.130. I…O halogen bonds [R22(4) graph-set motif] range between 2.770 (4) and 3.108 (1) Å and connect neighboring IO-3 anions with each other so as to create a bi-dimensional layer parallel to the (b,c) plane. These layers are interconnected via N−H…O and C−H…O, to the piperazinium dication to generate a three-dimensional network.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal studies of Novel Organomercury Driven from Sulfa Drugs Part 1
Authors: Fahad Tarek Ali , AL-Jadaan Shaker.A.N. 
Published: May 2018

Two new heterocyclic Organmercury compounds were prepared from the reaction of Sulfamethaxazole and Sulfadiazine with 4-acetaminophenol as a coupler and separated as solids with characteristic colors. these compounds were characterized by F.T.IR-spectroscopy 1H-NMR , Micro-elemental Analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques . The work involves a study of acid – base properties compounds at different pH values, the ionization and protonation constants were calculated. The thermal behavior of these two compounds were investigated on the basis of thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, Thermal decomposition of these compounds is multi-stage processes.
Chemical Composition and Inhibitory Effect of the Essential Oil from Mentha Spicata Irrigated by Wastewater on the Alkaline Corrosion of Aluminum
Authors: Bensabah F. , Houbairi S. , Essahli M. , Lamiri A. , Naja J. 
Published: May 2018

Mentha Spicata irrigated by wastewater from the city of Settat (Morocco) was tested as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum in 0.1 M Na2CO3 using polarization method and weight loss measurements. The inhibition efficiency of mentha spicata oil was calculated and compared. We note good agreement between these methods. The results obtained showed that the tested inhibitor reduces the kinetic process of corrosion of aluminum. Its efficiency increases with the concentration and attained 82 % at 1600 ppm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of aluminum in 0.1 M Na2CO3 was also studied in the range 283 K and 313 K. The thermodynamic data of activation were determined. The analysis of mentha spicata oil obtained by hydro-distillation using gas chromatography (GC) showed that the major components are carvone 57.11 % and limonene 27.77%.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Activity of Some New Oganotellurium Compounds Containing Azomethine Group, Part One
Authors: Al-Asadi Rafid H. , Fahad Tarik A. , Saeed Bahjat A. , Al-Masoudi Wasfi A. 
Published: May 2018

New tellurated schiff bases were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding mercurated Schiff bases compounds A1-A3 with tellurium tetrabromide in 1:1 mole ratio and that gave organyltellurium tribromides A4-A6. On the other hand, when mercurated schiff bases and tellurium tetrabromide brought together in 2:1 mole ratio gave diorganyltellurium dibromides compounds A10-A12 followed by reduction with hydrazine hydrate gave new diorganyl tellurides A13-A15. Reduction of compounds A4-A6 by hydrazine hydrate gave new ditellurides A7-A9. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H , 13C NMR, HSQC-NMR and mass spectra. Invitro anti-tumor bioactivity of some compounds were tested.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New Benzoxazinone and Quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: M.G. Assy , A.A. Abdalha , A.E Abdel Aziz 
Published: May 2018

Ring opening reactions of benzoxazinone (2) with nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles gave the corresponding benzamides (3)&(4) and benzoates (5).Quinazolinone derivatives (6) and (7) were obtained upon treatment of (2) with hydrazine hydrate and/or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.Triazole derivatives (8a – b) were obtained when (2) was subjected to react with semicarbazide and/or thiosemicarbazide respectively. Reaction of (2) with sodium azide gave a mixture of tetrazole derivative (9) and benzoimidazolone derivative (10). The antimicrobial activity of some synthesized compounds was examined against bacteria, fungi and yeast. Some of the tested compounds showed promising activities.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of [(CH3 CH2)4N] Mn1,5 Cl3 4H2O Cl 2(H2O)
Authors: Dhouib Ikram , Guionneau Philippe , Mhiri Tahar , Elaoud Zakaria 
Published: May 2018

Single crystals of [(CH3CH2)4N] Mn1,5 Cl3 4H2O Cl 2(H2O) were grown by the slow evaporation technique and characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The title compound belongs to the triclinic space group P with the following unit cell dimensions: a =7.5425(4) Å, b=9.8464 Å, c=13.7671(6) Å, α=89.951(3)°,β=89.753(3)°, γ=81.861(3)°, Z=4. These structures have solved using direct methods and refined by least-squares analysis. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined to final R value of 0.0567. The projection of [(CH3CH2)4N] Mn1,5 Cl3 4H2O Cl 2(H2O) in the plan (a,b) shows an arrangement in layers perpendicular to the direction b . The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional planes built connected ions and water molecules by strong O-H…O and O-H…Cl hydrogen bonding.