bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing individual fish biomass and relative abundance models to map environmental niche associations of adult and juvenile targeted fishes
Authors: Galaiduk Ronen , Radford Ben T. , Harvey Euan S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany fishes undergo ontogenetic habitat shifts to meet their energy and resource needs as they grow. Habitat resource partitioning and patterns of habitat connectivity between conspecific fishes at different life-history stages is a significant knowledge gap. Species distribution models were used to examine patterns in the relative abundance, individual biomass estimates and environmental niche associations of different life stages of three iconic West Australian fishes. Continuous predictive maps describing the spatial distribution of abundance and individual biomass of the study species were created as well predictive hotspot maps that identify possible areas for aggregation of individuals of similar life stages of multiple species (i.e. spawning grounds, fisheries refugia or nursery areas). The models and maps indicate that processes driving the abundance patterns could be different from the body size associated demographic processes throughout an individual’s life cycle. Incorporating life-history in the spatially explicit management plans can ensure that critical habitat of the vulnerable stages (e.g. juvenile fish, spawning stock) is included within proposed protected areas and can enhance connectivity between various functional areas (e.g. nursery areas and adult populations) which, in turn, can improve the abundance of targeted species as well as other fish species relying on healthy ecosystem functioning.
Guanosine tetraphosphate relieves the negative regulation of Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 gene transcription exerted by the AT-rich ssrA discriminator region
Authors: Tapscott Timothy , Kim Ju-Sim , Crawford Matthew A. , Fitzsimmons Liam , Liu Lin , Jones-Carson Jessica , Vázquez-Torres Andrés 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe repressive activity of ancestral histone-like proteins helps integrate transcription of foreign genes with discrepant AT content into existing regulatory networks. Our investigations indicate that the AT-rich discriminator region located between the −10 promoter element and the transcription start site of the regulatory genessrAplays a distinct role in the balanced expression of theSalmonellapathogenicity island-2 (SPI2) type III secretion system. The RNA polymerase-binding protein DksA activates thessrABregulon post-transcriptionally, whereas the alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) relieves the negative regulation imposed by the AT-richssrAdiscriminator region. An increase in the GC-content of thessrAdiscriminator region enhancesssrABtranscription and SsrB translation, thus activating the expression of downstream SPI2 genes. ASalmonellastrain expressing a GC-richssrAdiscriminator region is attenuated in mice and grows poorly intracellularly. The combined actions of ppGpp and DksA on SPI2 expression enableSalmonellato grow intracellularly, and cause disease in a murine model of infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that (p)ppGpp relieves the negative regulation associated with the AT-rich discriminator region in the promoter of the horizontally-acquiredssrAgene, whereas DksA activatesssrBgene expression post-transcriptionally. The combined effects of (p)ppGpp and DksA on thessrABlocus facilitate a balanced SPI2 virulence gene transcription that is essential forSalmonellapathogenesis.
A milk formula containing maltodextrin, vs. lactose, as main carbohydrate source, improves cognitive performance of piglets in a spatial task
Authors: Clouard Caroline , Le Bourgot Cindy , Respondek Frédérique , Bolhuis J. Elizabeth , Gerrits Walter J. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years, lactose-free and low-lactose infant formulas have been increasingly used. The impact of using different carbohydrates than lactose on later cognition of formula-fed infants remains, however, unknown. We examined the effects of providing formulas containing either digestible maltodextrin or lactose as main carbohydrate source (28% of total nutrient composition) on cognitive performance of piglets. Piglets received the formulas from 1 to 9 weeks of age and, starting at 12 weeks, were individually tested in a spatial holeboard task (n = 8 pens/formula), in which they had to learn and memorize a configuration of baited buckets. After 28 acquisition trials, piglets were subjected to 16 reversal trials in which the location of the baited buckets was changed. Piglets fed the maltodextrin-based formula had higher reference memory (RM) scores than piglets fed the lactose-based formula towards the end of acquisition. During the switch of configuration, piglets offered the maltodextrin-based formula tended to have higher RM scores and make fewer RM errors than piglets offered the lactose-based formula. Working (short-term) memory was not affected by the formulas. Compared to lactose, the use of maltodextrin in milk formulas improved long-term spatial memory of piglets, even weeks after the end of the intervention.
Methodology for Y Chromosome Capture: A complete genome sequence of Y chromosome using flow cytometry, laser microdissection and magnetic streptavidin-beads
Authors: Alvarez-Cubero M. J. , Santiago O. , Martínez-Labarga C. , Martínez-García B. , Marrero- Díaz R. , Rubio-Roldan A. , Pérez-Gutiérrez A. M. , Carmona-Saez P. , Lorente J. A. , Martinez-Gonzalez L. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study is a comparison of the efficiency of three technologies used for Y chromosome capture and the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies applied for determining its whole sequence. Our main findings disclose that streptavidin–biotin magnetic particle-based capture methodology offers better and a deeper sequence coverage for Y chromosome capture, compared to chromosome sorting and microdissection procedures. Moreover, this methodology is less time consuming and the most selective for capturing only Y chromosomal material, in contrast with other methodologies that result in considerable background material from other, non-targeted chromosomes. NGS results compared between two platforms, NextSeq 500 and SOLID 5500xl, produce the same coverage results. This is the first study to explore a methodological comparison of Y chromosome capture and genetic analysis. Our results indicate an improved strategy for Y chromosome research with applications in several scientific fields where this chromosome plays an important role, such as forensics, medical sciences, molecular anthropology and cancer sciences.
Towards the indium nitride laser: obtaining infrared stimulated emission from planar monocrystalline InN structures
Authors: Andreev B. A. , Kudryavtsev K. E. , Yablonskiy A. N. , Lobanov D. N. , Bushuykin P. A. , Krasilnikova L. V. , Skorokhodov E. V. , Yunin P. A. , Novikov A. V. , Davydov V. Yu , Krasilnik Z. F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe observation of a stimulated emission at interband transitions in monocrystalline n-InN layers under optical pumping is reported. The spectral position of the stimulated emission changes over a range of 1.64 to 1.9 μm with variations of free electron concentration in InN layers from 2·1019 cm−3 to 3·1017 cm−3. The main necessary conditions for achieving the stimulated emission from epitaxial InN layers are defined. In the best quality samples, a threshold excitation power density is obtained to be as low as 400 W/cm2 at T = 8 K and the stimulated emission is observed up to 215 K. In this way, the feasibility of InN-based lasers as well as the potentials of crystalline indium nitride as a promising photonic material are demonstrated.
Validation of the SunTech Medical Advantage Model 2 Series Automated Blood Pressure Module in Pregnancy
Authors: Dotson Kristin , Anderson Sarah , Harris Stacy , Harper Lorie , Tita Alan , Kuper Spencer 
Published: June 2018

Objective We sought to validate the SunTech Medical Advantage Model 2 Series with firmware LX 3.40.8 algorithm noninvasive blood pressure module in a pregnant population, including those with preeclampsia.
Study Design Validation study of an oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure module using the ANSI/AAMI ISO 81060-2:2013 standard guidelines. Pregnant women were enrolled into three subgroups: normotensive, hypertensive without proteinuria, and preeclampsia (hypertensive with random protein-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 0.3 or a 24-hour urine protein > 300 mg). Two trained research nurses, blinded to each other's measurements, used a mercury sphygmomanometer to validate the module by following the protocol set forth in the ANSI/AAMI ISO 81060-2:2013 standard guidelines.
Results A total of 45 patients, 15 in each subgroup, were included. The mean systolic and diastolic differences with standard deviations between the module and the mean observers' measurements for all participants were −2.3 ± 7.3 and 0.2 ± 6.5 mm Hg, respectively. The systolic and diastolic standard deviations of the mean of the individual patient's paired module and observers' measurements were 6.27 and 5.98 mm Hg, respectively. The test device, relative to a mercury sphygmomanometer, underestimated the systolic blood pressure in patients with preeclampsia by at least 10 mm Hg in 24% (11/45) of paired measurements.
Conclusion The SunTech Medical Advantage Model 2 Series with firmware LX 3.40.8 algorithm noninvasive blood pressure module is validated in pregnancy, including patients with preeclampsia; however, it may underestimate systolic blood pressure measurements in patients with preeclampsia.
Optimizing the Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials for Antibacterials Against Multidrug-resistant Organisms: A White Paper From COMBACTE’s STAT-Net
Authors: de Kraker Marlieke E A , Sommer Harriet , de Velde Femke , Gravestock Isaac , Weiss Emmanuel , McAleenan Alexandra , Nikolakopoulos Stavros , Amit Ohad , Ashton Teri , Beyersmann Jan , Held Leonhard , Lovering Andrew M , MacGowan Alasdair P , Mouton Johan W , Timsit Jean-François , Wilson David , Wolkewitz Martin , Bettiol Esther , Dane Aaron , Harbarth Stephan ,   The COMBACTE-NET Consortium
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Innovations are urgently required for clinical development of antibacterials against multidrug-resistant organisms. Therefore, a European, public-private working group (STAT-Net; part of Combatting Bacterial Resistance in Europe [COMBACTE]), has reviewed and tested several innovative trials designs and analytical methods for randomized clinical trials, which has resulted in 8 recommendations. The first 3 focus on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling, emphasizing the pertinence of population-based pharmacokinetic models, regulatory procedures for the reassessment of old antibiotics, and rigorous quality improvement. Recommendations 4 and 5 address the need for more sensitive primary end points through the use of rank-based or time-dependent composite end points. Recommendation 6 relates to the applicability of hierarchical nested-trial designs, and the last 2 recommendations propose the incorporation of historical or concomitant trial data through Bayesian methods and/or platform trials. Although not all of these recommendations are directly applicable, they provide a solid, evidence-based approach to develop new, and established, antibacterials and address this public health challenge.
Plasticity and Function of Spinal Oxytocin and Vasopressin Signaling during Recovery from Surgery with Nerve Injury
Authors: Severino Amie L. , Chen Rong , Hayashida Kenichiro , Aschenbrenner Carol A. , Sun Haiguo , Peters Christopher M. , Gutierrez Silvia , Pan Bethany , Eisenach James C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Recovery from pain after surgery is faster after cesarean delivery than after other abdominal procedures. The authors hypothesized that recovery in rats after surgery could be reversed by antagonism of spinal oxytocin or vasopressin receptors, that there may be a sex difference, and that spinal oxytocin innervation could change after surgery.

Methods
Male and female rats underwent partial spinal nerve ligation surgery. Effects of nonselective and selective oxytocin and vasopressin 1A receptor antagonists on mechanical hypersensitivity during partial recovery were assessed (n = 8 to 14/group). Oxytocin immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (n = 7 to 8/group) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for oxytocin-binding receptors in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord (n = 8/group) were measured.

Results
Intrathecal injection of oxytocin and vasopressin receptor antagonists were similarly effective at reducing withdrawal threshold (in all experiments from 22 [19, 26] median [first quartile, third quartile]) g to 8.3 [6.4, 12] g after injection) in both sexes, while having no or minimal effects in animals without surgery. Oxytocin fiber immunoreactivity was 3- to 5-fold greater in lumbar than other regions of the spinal cord and was increased more than 2-fold in lumbar cord ipsilateral to surgery. Injury was also associated with a 6.5-fold increase in oxytocin receptor and a 2-fold increase in vasopressin 1A receptor messenger RNA expression in the L4 dorsal root ganglion ipsilateral to surgery.

Conclusions
: These findings suggest that the capacity for oxytocin signaling in the spinal cord increases after surgery and that spinal oxytocin signaling plays ongoing roles in both sexes in recovery from mechanical hypersensitivity after surgery with known nerve injury.
Use of the STTGMA Tool to Risk Stratify 1-Year Functional Outcomes and Mortality in Geriatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Konda Sanjit R. , Lott Ariana , Saleh Hesham , Gales Jordan , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
To determine whether a novel inpatient mortality risk assessment tool designed to be calculated in the emergency department setting can risk stratify patient-reported functional outcomes and mortality at 1 year.

Design:
Prospective cohort.

Setting:
Academic level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Six hundred eight-five patients >55 years of age who were orthopaedic surgery consults or trauma surgery consults in the emergency department between January 10, 2014, and September 30, 2015.

Intervention:
Calculation of the validated score for trauma triage in the geriatric and middle-aged (STTGMA) using each patient's demographics, injury severity, and functional status.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Mortality, EQ-5D questionnaire, and percent return to baseline function since their hospitalization at 1-year after hospitalization.

Results:
Forty-five (6.6%) patients died within the year after hospitalization. Of remaining 639 patients available for follow-up, 247 (38.7%) were successfully contacted. There was no observed difference between patients who were successfully contacted and those who were not. The mean STTGMA score was 2.1% ± 3.6%. Patients reported on average a 76.4% ± 27.5% return to baseline function. When comparing patients between risk groups, there was a significant difference in EQ-5D scores and percent return to baseline. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve shows that high-risk patients had pronounced decreased survival within the initial days after discharge compared with other cohorts.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that patients identified with the STTGMA tool as having an increased risk of inpatient mortality after trauma correlate with poorer functional outcomes at 1 year. The STTGMA risk score is also a valuable tool to stratify risk of mortality up to 1 year after discharge.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pediatric Upper Extremity Replantation: Courage in the Face of a Life-altering Injury
Authors: Sivak Wesley N. , Schusterman M. Asher , Grunwaldt Lorelei J. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Pediatric plastic surgeons perform reconstructive surgeries for various congenital, oncologic, and traumatic injuries.

Methods:
Our Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Plastic Surgery team was tasked to care for a young man who suffered a proximal humeral amputation of his dominant upper extremity.

Results:
A multidisciplinary team collaborated throughout his entire acute care and postoperative course, guiding treatment and care in effort to maximize function of his replanted extremity.

Conclusions:
This case report details the patient’s unique journey and highlights his determination and courage to return back to a normal life.
Difficulties in Conducting Long Term Follow Ups in Psychotherapy Research—Issues in the Literature and Data From a Randomized Therapy Comparison Study for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: König Julia , Karl Regina , Rosner Rita , Butollo Willi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Studies of psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) typically encompass short follow-up periods, leading to a dearth of information on the long-term course of symptoms after treatment. We summarize existing long-term follow-up studies and highlight the issues making such research difficult. In this context, we report on a 2-year follow-up on a randomized treatment study comparing dialogical exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy for adults with PTSD after type I trauma. Many of the problems connected to long-term follow-up also pertained to this study. Attrition was high, and the recruited sample was not representative of the study completers. Gains made during therapy were mostly stable, with no significant differences between interventions. At least for an originally successful subset of patients, the gains made during both treatments in our study tended to stay stable 2 years after the end of treatment.
Zika Virus Infection and Differential Diagnosis in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Calvet Guilherme Amaral , Brasil Patricia , Siqueira Andre Machado , Zogbi Heruza Einsfeld , de Santis Gonçalves Bianca , da Silva Santos Aline , Lupi Otilia , Valls de Souza Rogerio , Damasceno dos Santos Rodrigues Cintia , da Silveira Bressan Clarisse , Wakimoto Mayumi Duarte , Saraiva de Araújo Eliane , Cardoso dos Santos Ingrid , Georg Ingebourg , Ribeiro Nogueira Rita Maria , Veloso Valdilea Gonçalves , Bispo de Filippis Ana Maria 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Zika virus (ZIKV) emergence in South America revealed the lack of knowledge regarding clinical manifestations in HIV-infected individuals.

Objectives:
We described the clinical characteristics, laboratory manifestations, differential diagnosis, and outcome of ZIKV infection in a large, single-center cohort of HIV-infected patients.

Methods:
HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and older with clinical suspected arboviral disease from an ongoing cohort were followed from February 2015 through December 2015. Acute serum samples were tested for ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, anti-DENV immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG, and syphilis assays; convalescent samples were tested for anti-DENV IgM/IgG; and urine samples were tested for ZIKV by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. ZIKV disease was defined according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) guidelines.

Results:
Of 101 patients, ZIKV was confirmed in 43 cases and suspected in 34, and another diagnosis was assumed for 24 patients (dengue, secondary/latent syphilis, respiratory infections, human parvovirus B19, adverse drug reaction, musculoskeletal disorders, and acute gastroenteritis). ZIKV-confirmed and ZIKV-suspected patients reported similar signs and symptoms. Pruritic rash was the most common symptom, followed by myalgia, nonpurulent conjunctivitis, arthralgia, prostration, and headache. In the short-term follow-up [median 67.5 days (interquartile range: 32–104.5)], CD4 cell count (Z = −0.831, P = 0.406) and HIV viral load (Z = −0.447, P = 0.655) did not change significantly after ZIKV infection. There were no hospitalizations, complications, or deaths.

Conclusions:
Among HIV-infected patients with suspected arboviral disease, 42.6% were ZIKV-infected. CD4 cell counts and HIV viral load were not different after ZIKV infection. Differential diagnosis with other diseases and adverse drug reaction should be evaluated.
Nuclear speckle fusion via long-range directional motion regulates the number and size of speckles
Authors: Kim Jiah , Han Kyu Young , Khanna Nimish , Ha Taekjip , Belmont Andrew S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the formation of RNA-protein bodies has been studied intensively, their mobility and how their number and size are regulated are still poorly understood. Here, we show significant increased mobility of nuclear speckles after transcriptional inhibition, including long-range directed motion of one speckle towards another speckle, terminated by speckle fusion, over distances up to 4 um and with velocities between 0.2-1.5 μm/min. Frequently, 3 or even 4 speckles follow very similar paths, with new speckles appearing along the path followed by a preceding speckle. Speckle movements and fusion events contribute to fewer but larger speckles after transcriptional inhibition. These speckle movements are not actin-dependent, but occur within chromatin-depleted channels enriched with small granules containing the speckle-marker protein SON. Our observations suggest a mechanism for long-range, directed nuclear speckle movements, contributing to overall regulation of nuclear speckle number and size as well as overall nuclear organization.
Causes and mitigation for declining productivity in the Australian mid-rise residential construction sector
Authors: Böhme Tillmann , Escribano Alberto , Heffernan Emma Elizabeth , Beazley Scott 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The construction industry is a significant driver of economic activity in many countries. However, there has been a lack of growth in productivity within the Australian construction sector over recent years. The purpose of this paper is to gain an in-depth understanding of the causes for declining productivity within the Australian mid-rise residential construction network.

Design/methodology/approach
Two in-depth case studies have been conducted with a builder and developer, both significant entities of the Australian mid-rise residential construction network. Case study data collection comprised a five-stage process including semi-structured interviews and archival information review.

Findings
Drivers for declining construction productivity were identified under the categories of: industry-, firm- and project-level productivity. The drivers include: incomplete documentation, design changes, inefficient project management, supply chain fragmentation, among others.

Originality/value
The contribution of this study is the identification and categorisation of major issues impacting sector productivity along the mid-rise residential construction supply chain. The research identified that the substructure and superstructure are the construction phases during which most productivity losses occur. Mitigations are discussed in terms of systemic sector productivity increases at an industry, firm and project levels.