bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double stent insertion for combined malignant airway and superior vena cava obstruction
Authors: Ren Jing-Yan , Cao Chi , Fu Yu-Fei , Du Hong-Tao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present study sought to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of double stent insertion as a means of managing combined malignant airway and superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction (CMASO).
From July 2010 to January 2018, twelve consecutive patients with CMASO were treated by double stent insertion (airway and SVC stents) in our centers. We assessed data pertaining to both technical and clinical success rates, as well as to long-term patient outcomes.
The use of double stents (12 airway stents and 19 SVC stents) was technically successful in all study subjects, with a 0 to 92 days period between the 2 stent insertions (mean 27.8 days). Patients did not show evidence of any procedure-related complications. Mean patient Hugh-Jones grades improved from 4.4 ± 0.5 before inserting the airway stent down to 1.2 ± 0.4 following this insertion (P < .001). Mean SVC pressure was reduced from 17.5 ± 2.8 mm Hg before the stent insertion down to 6.7 ± 1.4 mm Hg following this insertion (P < .001). Fifty-six days after insertion, a single patient experienced re-obstruction of their SVC stent. All patients died within the follow-up period, with a median survival time of 113 days for these 12 patients.
This double stent insertion protocol is both effective and safe as a means of offering palliative care to those with CMASO.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with interstitial lung diseases in Spain, 2014 to 2015
Authors: Pedraza-Serrano Fernando , Jiménez-García Rodrigo , López-de-Andrés Ana , Hernández-Barrera Valentin , Sánchez-Muñoz Gema , Puente-Maestu Luis , de-Miguel-Díez Javier 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo assess characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and to analyze patient's comorbidities, procedures, and in-hospital outcomes.We identified patients hospitalized with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and others ILD such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and sarcoidosis in Spain during 2014 and 2015.We identified 14,565 discharges among patients admitted for ILD in Spain during the study period: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in 42.32% (n = 6164), sarcoidosis in 37.65% (n = 5484), hypersensitivity pneumonitis in 10.55% (n = 1538), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia in 7.06% (n = 1028), pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in 1.48% (n = 215), and lymphangioleiomyomatosis in 0.94% (n = 136). The most common associated comorbidities according to those included in the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were COPD, diabetes, and congestive heart disease. The presence of pulmonary hypertension increased the probability of dying in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.06–1.73). Patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia had the longest length of hospital stay and the highest percentage of hospital readmissions (23.64%). The highest IHM corresponded to the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (14.94%). Computed tomography of the chest was the procedure more used during admissions for ILD.IPF was responsible for larger percentage of hospital admission among ILD in our study. In addition, the IHM were higher in IPF patients in comparison with those with other ILD. The most common associated comorbidity in ILD according to those included in the CCI was COPD. Computed tomography of the chest was the procedure more frequently used.
Characteristics, trend, and methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in nuclear medicine
Authors: Hong Jung Ui , Kim Jun Ho , Lee Kyung Hee , Lee Minkyung , Hyun In Young , Cho Soon Gu , Kim Yeo Ju , Lee Ha Young , Kim Ga Ram 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the characteristics, trend, and quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in nuclear medicine.
We performed a PubMed search to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2016 in the field of nuclear medicine. The following data were extracted: journal name, impact factor, type of study, topics with cancer type, imaging modalities, authors (number, country, affiliation, presence of nuclear medicine specialists and statisticians, discordance between the first and corresponding authors), funding, methodological quality, methods used for quality assessment, and statistical methods.
We included 185 nuclear medicine articles. Meta-analyses (n = 164; 88.6%) were published about 7 times more frequently than systematic reviews. Oncology was the most commonly studied topic (n = 125, 67.6%). The first authors were most frequently located in China (n = 73; 39.5%). PET was the most commonly used modality (n = 150; 81.1%). Both the number of authors and the ratio of discordance between the first and corresponding authors tended to progressively increase over time.
The mean AMSTAR score increased over time (5.77 in 2005–2008, 6.71 in 2009–2012, and 7.44 in 2013–2016). The proportion of articles with quality assessment increased significantly (20/26 in 2005–2008, 54/65 in 2009–2012, and 79/94 in 2013–2016). The most commonly used assessment tool was quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (n = 85; 54.9%).
The number and quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in nuclear medicine have significantly increased over the review period; however, the quality of these articles varies. Efforts to overcome specific weaknesses of the methodologies can provide opportunities for quality improvement.
Prognostic nomogram for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chen Cunte , Wang Peipei , Wang Caixia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is hematopoietic malignancy. This study was designed to develop an individualized prognostic nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of AML.
The clinical data of AML patients (n = 58,882) diagnosed from 1973 to 2014 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The patients were divided into training cohort (n = 29,441) and validation cohort (n = 29,441). The prognostic nomograms were designed with clinical variables selected by multivariate Cox regression model in training cohort. The concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to assess the performance of the nomograms.
The predictors in nomogram for CSS were AML subtypes, age, sex, region, marital status, and chemotherapy, whereas the predictors for OS were AML subtypes, age, sex, region, race, marital status, and chemotherapy. The C-indexes of the nomograms in internal validation for CSS and OS were 0.712 and 0.703, respectively, whereas the C-indexes in external validation for CSS and OS were 0.712 and 0.705, respectively. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curves for CSS and OS were 0.799 (95% confidence interval: 0.792–0.806) and 0.809 (95% confidence interval: 0.803–0.816), respectively.
The individualized prognostic nomogram could perform relatively accurate prediction of outcome in adult patients with AML.
The hepatic protective effects of tacrolimus as a rinse solution in liver transplantation
Authors: Guo Tao , Lei Junhao , Gao Jiamin , Li Zhen , Liu Zhisu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Tacrolimus was used as a rinse solution against ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in liver transplantation for years but its protective effects remain controversies.

Methods:
We conducted literature retrieval in electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of tacrolimus as a rinse solution in liver transplantation. Postoperative liver function, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL), at postoperative day (POD) 1, 2 and 7 was extracted for pooled estimation. Forest plots were generated to calculate the differences between the groups. The I2 index statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test.

Results:
Three RCTs including 70 liver transplants were evaluated in this study. Pooled estimation revealed that rinse with tacrolimus in liver transplantation did not provide hepatic protection with respect to postoperative ALT (Test Z = 1.36; P = .175), AST (Test Z = 1.70; P = .090) or TBIL (Test Z = 0.69; P = .490). Sensitivity analysis by excluding extended donor criteria (EDC) livers showed similar results. Funnel plots and Egger's test demonstrated that there was no substantial bias.

Conclusion:
We may tentatively conclude that tacrolimus is ineffective for amelioration of postoperative liver function as a rinse solution in liver transplantation. Nevertheless, there is great space for future research in this area, and the potential clinical value of tacrolimus needs to be further addressed. We are expecting more evidence to support our speculations.
Systematic estimation of BMI
Authors: Shan Meng-Jie , Zou Yang-Fan , Guo Peng , Weng Jia-Xu , Wang Qing-Qing , Dai Ya-Lun , Liu Hui-Bin , Zhang Yuan-Meng , Jiang Guan-Yin , Xie Qi , Meng Ling-Bing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The prevalence of overweight–obesity has increased sharply among undergraduates worldwide. In 2016, approximately 52% of adults were overweight–obese. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight–obesity and explore in depth the connection between eating habits and overweight–obesity among Chinese undergraduates.
The study population included 536 undergraduates recruited in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2017. They were administered questionnaires for assessing demographic and daily lifestyle characteristics, including sex, region, eating speed, number of meals per day, and sweetmeat habit. Anthropometric status was assessed by calculating the body mass index (BMI). The determinants of overweight–obesity were investigated by the Pearson χ2 test, Spearman rho test, multivariable linear regression, univariate/multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
The prevalence of undergraduate overweight–obesity was 13.6%. Sex [male vs female, odds ratio (OR): 1.903; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.147–3.156], region (urban vs rural, OR: 1.953; 95% CI: 1.178–3.240), number of meals per day (3 vs 2, OR: 0.290; 95% CI: 0.137–0.612), and sweetmeat habit (every day vs never, OR: 4.167; 95% CI: 1.090–15.933) were significantly associated with overweight–obesity. Eating very fast was positively associated with overweight–obesity and showed the highest OR (vs very slow/slow, OR: 5.486; 95% CI: 1.622–18.553). However, the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that only higher eating speed is a significant independent risk factor for overweight/obesity (OR: 17.392; 95% CI, 1.614–187.363; P = .019).
Scoremeng = 1.402 × scoresex + 1.269 × scoreregion + 19.004 × scoreeatin
speed + 2.546 × scorenumber of meals per day + 1.626 × scoresweetmeat habit and BMI = 0.253 × Scoremeng + 18.592. These 2 formulas can help estimate the weight status of undergraduates and predict whether they will be overweight or obese.
Psychotropic Medications Are Associated With Increased Liver Disease Severity in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Mouzaki Marialena , Yodoshi Toshifumi , Arce‐Clachar Ana C. , Bramlage Kristin , Fei Lin , Ley Sanita L. , Xanthakos Stavra A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to determine whether pediatric patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exposed to psychotropic medications have more severe liver disease compared to their counterparts who are not on these medications. We hypothesize that use of psychotropic agents is associated with liver disease severity.Methods:Children and adolescents with biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD were included in this study. Histology data, detailed clinical information, and results of serum biochemistries performed within 3 months of the liver biopsy were collected retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate modeling was used to determine differences between the groups and to control for confounders.Results:A total of 228 patients were included, 17 (8%) of whom where on psychotropic medications at the time of the liver biopsy. Patients on psychotropic medications were more likely to also be on metformin (53% vs 18%, P < 0.01) and antihypertensive medications (29% vs 8%, P < 0.01) compared to children with NAFLD who were not on psychotropic agents. There were no differences in regards to biochemical evidence of liver injury, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia between the groups. On histology, however, the use of psychotropic medications was associated with increased steatosis severity (score 2.4 vs 1.9, P = 0.04) and increased likelihood of having an NAFLD Activity Score ≥5 (seen in 59% vs 35% or patients; P = 0.05, respectively).Conclusions:In this large cohort of children with biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD, the use of psychotropic medications was associated with increased liver disease severity. Exposure to psychotropic agents should be considered when risk stratifying children with NAFLD.
Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis in a Rural Clinic
Authors: Mogoi Vincent , Elder Betty , Hayes Karen , Huhman Dawna 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease causing decreased mobility. Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides a reparative alternative in the management of OA.

METHODS/PURPOSE:
This study assessed effectiveness of nurse practitioner-injected PRP to manage knee OA in a rural setting.

RESULTS:
Twenty patients were followed for 1 month after PRP treatment. Knee function and pain levels were assessed using a knee function score (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form [KOOS-PS]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, the 20 patients who participated in this study experienced significant improvement in knee function scores, decreased pain, and decreased use of pain medications.
Quantitative classification of chromatin dynamics reveals regulators of intestinal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Raab Jesse R , Tulasi Deepthi Y , Wager Kortney E , Morowitz Jeremy M , Magness Scott T , Gracz Adam D 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIntestinal stem cell (ISC) plasticity is thought to be regulated by broadly-permissive chromatin shared between ISCs and their progeny. Here, we utilize a Sox9EGFP reporter to examine chromatin across ISC differentiation. We find that open chromatin regions (OCRs) can be defined as broadly-permissive or dynamic in a locus-specific manner, with dynamic OCRs found primarily in loci consistent with distal enhancers. By integrating gene expression with chromatin accessibility at transcription factor (TF) motifs in context of Sox9EGFP populations, we classify broadly-permissive and dynamic chromatin relative to TF usage. These analyses identify known and potential regulators of ISC differentiation via their association with dynamic changes in chromatin. We observe ISC expansion in Id3-null mice, consistent with computational predictions. Finally, we examine the relationship between gene expression and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in Sox9EGFP populations, which reveals 5hmC enrichment in absorptive lineage specific genes. Our data demonstrate that intestinal chromatin dynamics can be quantitatively defined in a locus-specific manner, identify novel potential regulators of ISC differentiation, and provide a chromatin roadmap for further dissecting the role of cis regulation of cell fate in the intestine.
Recreational fisheries as a driver of salmonid population conservation
Authors: Worthington Thomas A. , Worthington Ian , Vaughan Ian P. , Ormerod Steve J , Durance Isabelle 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe need to monitor and protect biodiversity has never been greater, yet resources are often constrained economically. The ecosystem service paradigm could promote nature conservation while sustaining economic activity and other societal benefits, but most efforts to assess biodiversity-ecosystem service (B-ES) links have focused on diversity measures, with little attention on how species abundance relates to the magnitude of ES provision.Here, we utilised four national scale, multi-decadal, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) datasets to investigate links between juvenile density, the abundance of returning adults, and two measures of recreational angling provision: rod catches and angling effort.Recreational rod catches only tracked juvenile density and returning adult numbers in catchments where juvenile and adult numbers were decreasing, implying important early-warning of ES decline. In contrast, angling effort declined consistently through time.Synthesis and applications. These data illustrate i) the difficulty in measuring ES in ways that explicitly relate human resource use to nature conservation, and ii) the need for better quantification of populations at all life stages that determine ES provision, particularly in species where long-distance movements bring exposure to multiple global pressures. We suggest additional opportunities (e.g., monitoring of smolts, eDNA and citizen science initiatives) to facilitate conservation efforts and increase capacity to monitor ecosystem service sustainability.
PICKLE recruits RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED 1 to Control Lateral Root Formation inArabidopsis
Authors: Ötvös Krisztina , Miskolczi Pál , Marhavý Peter , Cruz-Ramírez Alfredo , Benková Eva , Robert Stéphanie , Bakó László 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLateral root (LR) formation is an example of plant post-embryonic organogenesis event. LRs are issued from non-dividing cells entering consecutive steps of formative divisions, proliferation and elongation. The chromatin remodeling protein PICKLE negatively regulates auxin-mediated LR formation through a mechanism that is not yet known. Here we show that PICKLE interacts with RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED 1 (RBR1) to repress theLATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN 16(LBD16) promoter activity. Since LBD16 function is required for the formative division of LR founder cells, repression mediated by the PKL-RBR1 complex negatively regulates formative division and LR formation. Inhibition of LR formation by PKL-RBR1 is counteracted by auxin indicating that in addition to auxin-mediated transcriptional responses, the fine-tuned process of LR formation is also controlled at the chromatin level in an auxin-signaling dependent manner.
A carbohydrate-binding protein, FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 influences the initiation of A- and B-type starch granules in wheat
Authors: Chia Tansy , Chirico Marcella , King Rob , Ramirez-Gonzalez Ricardo , Saccomanno Benedetta , Seung David , Simmonds James , Trick Martin , Uauy Cristobal , Verhoeven Tamara , Trafford Kay 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPreviously, we identified a quantitative trait locus on the group 4 chromosomes of Aegilops and bread wheat that controls B-type starch-granule content. Here, we identify a candidate gene by fine-mapping in Aegilops and confirm its function using wheat TILLING mutants. This gene is orthologous to the FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 (FLO6) gene of rice and barley and the PTST2 gene of Arabidopsis. In Triticeae endosperm, reduction in the gene dose of functional FLO6 alleles results in reduction, or loss, of B-granules. This is due to repression of granule initiation in late-grain development, but has no deleterious impact on the synthesis of A-granules. The complete absence of functional FLO6, however, results in reduced numbers of normal A-type and B-type granules and the production of highly-abnormal granules that vary in size and shape. This polymorphous starch seen in a wheat flo6 triple mutant is similar to that observed in the barley mutant Franubet. Analysis of Franubet (fractured Nubet) starch suggests that the mutant A-granules are not fractured but compound, due to stimulation of granule initiation in plastids during early-grain development. Thus, in different situations in Triticeae, FLO6 either stimulates or represses granule initiation.
GRANAR, a new computational tool to better understand the functional importance of root anatomy
Authors: Heymans Adrien , Couvreur Valentin , LaRue Therese , Paez-Garcia Ana , Lobet Guillaume 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRoot hydraulic conductivity is an important determinant of plant water uptake capacity. In particular, the root radial conductivity is often thought to be a limiting factor along the water pathways between the soil and the leaf. The root radial conductivity is itself defined by cell scale hydraulic properties and anatomical features. However, quantifying the influence of anatomical features on the radial conductivity remains challenging due to complex, and time-consuming, experimental procedures.We present a new computation tool, the Generator of Root ANAtomy in R (GRANAR) that can be used to rapidly generate digital versions of root anatomical networks. GRANAR uses a limited set of root anatomical parameters, easily acquired with existing image analysis tools. The generated anatomical network can then be used in combination with hydraulic models to estimate the corresponding hydraulic properties.We used GRANAR to re-analyse large maize (Zea mays) anatomical datasets from the literature. Our model was successful at creating virtual anatomies for each experimental observation. We also used GRANAR to generate anatomies not observed experimentally, over wider ranges of anatomical parameters. The generated anatomies were then used to estimate the corresponding radial conductivities with the hydraulic model MECHA. This enabled us to quantify the effect of individual anatomical features on the root radial conductivity. In particular, our simulations highlight the large importance of the width of the stele and the cortex.GRANAR is an open-source project available here: http://granar.github.ioOne-Sentence summaryGenerator of Root ANAtomy in R (GRANAR) is a new open-source computational tool that can be used to rapidly generate digital versions of root anatomical networks.
An oscillator ensemble model of sequence learning
Authors: Maye Alexander , Wang Peng , Daume Jonathan , Hu Xiaolin , Engel Andreas K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLearning and memorizing sequences of events is an important function of the human brain and the basis for forming expectations and making predictions. Learning is facilitated by repeating a sequence several times, causing rhythmic appearance of the individual sequence elements. This observation invites to consider the resulting multitude of rhythms as a spectral ‘fingerprint’ which characterizes the respective sequence. Here we explore the implications of this perspective by developing a neurobiologically plausible computational model which captures this ‘fingerprint’ by attuning an ensemble of neural oscillators. In our model, this attuning process is based on a number of oscillatory phenomena that have been observed in electrophysiological recordings of brain activity like synchronization, phase locking and reset as well as cross-frequency coupling. We compare the learning properties of the model with behavioral results from a study in human participants and observe good agreement of the errors for different levels of complexity of the sequence to be memorized. Finally, we suggest an extension of the model for processing sequences that extend over several sensory modalities.