bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syndrome of recurrent increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone following multiple doses of vincristine
Authors: Stuart MJ , Cuaso C , Miller M , Oski FA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has been recognized to occur following treatment with vincristine. None of the reports have provided information regarding its potential for recurrence on further challenge with vincristine (VCR), an agent generally required for repeated use in patients with malignancies. Symptomatic hyponatremia and SIADH that occurred 8 days following administration of VCR in a child with acute lymphatic leukemia was documented with specific radioimmunoassay of urinary ADH levels. The further occurrence of recurrent elevations in ADH excretion 8–10 days following repeated treatment with VCR was also observed. However, SIADH was prevented by prophylactic rigorous fluid restriction. The occurrence of SIADH following VCR therefore does not preclude the further safe usage of this drug.
Use of postpheresis plasma to improve granulocyte yields for transfusion
Authors: Roy AJ , Brivkalns A , Yankee RA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Humoral factors which stimulate release of mature granulocytes from body reserves are presumed to be the mechanism through which high yields of granulocytes are obtained from donors by filtration leukopheresis. Postpheresis plasma (PPP) obtained 2 hr after leukopheresis, when infused into normal rats, induced a peak granulocytosis at 3 hr of 22,000/cu mm above controls. A substance in the nylon filters, which caused a peak granulocytosis at 4 hr of 7600/cu mm above controls, was eliminated by washing the filter with 30 volumes of saline. Injection of PPP obtained following leukopheresis with washed filters resulted in an 8000/cu mm increase in granulocytes. One milliliter of PPP given 1 hr before pheresis increased the granulocyte yield from 4.3 to 8.7 times 10–7 granulocytes in a 2-hr run. We conclude that (1) a humoral substance elaborated by the host during filtration leukopheresis induces a granulocytosis in the donor, (2) a substance in commercial leukopaks, which can be eliminated by vigorous washing of the filters, may be responsible in part for granulocytosis observed during leukopheresis, (3) PPP may be used to increase granulocyte yields in donors undergoing leukopheresis.
Culture of autologous bone marrow in diffusion chambers: effect of host irradiation
Authors: Laissue JA , Chanana AD , Cronkite EP , Joel DD , Pavelec M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Autologous bone marrow (BM) cells were cultured in diffusion chambers (DC) implanted into whole-body irradiated, non-irradiated, or sham- irradiated goats. Proliferation was apparent in DC implanted in both irradiated and nonirradiated goats. However, cells in DC cultured in irradiated hosts increased in number beginning earlier, proceeded at a faster rate, and reached higher numbers than in DC in nonirradiated hosts. Growth enhancement could not have occurred as a result of radiation-induced immunosuppression in autologous hosts. The nonirradiated “target cells” in the DC therefore constituted an indicator system for stimulatory or inhibitory substances in the host. The simultaneous increase in the number of granulocytes in peripheral blood and in DC of irradiated hosts was paralleled by an initial rise in serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF). A second, prolonged period of severe granulocytopenia following irradiation of the host correlated with high levels of serum CSF. Increased numbers of megakaryocytes were seen in DC as thrombocytopenia developed in the irradiated host. DC erythropoiesis disappeared rapidly in nonirradiated goats; however, in DC of irradiated goats, the number of erythrocytic precursors increased exponentially during ablation of host erythroid marrow. Anemia did not develop in the host during the culture period. Proliferation of mononuclear cells in DC was markedly stimulated by irradiation of the host. Proliferation of macrophages appeared independent of host treatment. These observations provide strong evidence for diffusion of specific and/or nonspecific humoral hematopoietic stimulators from the host into the DC. This stimulation appears to be elicited and/or intensified by irradiation of the host.
Recovery of normal hematopoietic tissue and tumor following chemotherapeutic injury from cyclophosphamide (CTX): comparative analysis of biochemical and clinical techniques
Authors: Rosenoff SH , Bostick F , Young RC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Simultaneous alterations in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) into DNA are induced by CTX in normal host target tissues and L1210 ascites tumor. The timing of suppression and recovery of these nucleoside incorporation alterations was similar at the three CTX doses studied, but some evidence for a dose-response effect was seen as the magnitude of suppression of DNA synthesis increased with increasing dosage. A differential pattern of suppression and recovery of 3H-TdR incorporation in malignant and normal host tissues was observed. The pattern of suppression and recovery of the peripheral white blood count and bone marrow (BM) cellularity, two frequently studied clinical parameters of hematopoietic recovery, were out of phase with the recovery of BM-DNA synthesis and failed to accurately reflect the sensitivity of the BM to subsequent chemotherapeutic injury. In contrast, drug schedules based on the differential recovery patterns of the host tissues and tumor, reflected by their 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA, both reduced toxicity to normal mice and increased the survival of tumor-bearing animals.
A new method of measuring the deformability of the red cell membrane
Authors: Bull BS , Brailsford JD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red cells moving in a stream of fluid can be arrested by means of a network of fibrin threads. Those cells which fold over a fibrin thread present to view a flat strap-like portion of membrane in which the strain can be easily observed and accurately measured both optically and by scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary results obtained by this method show elastic strains of nearly 300% and indicate that the stress required to produce these large strains is an order of magnitude greater than that reported by other methods.
De novo appearance of the ph-1 chromosome in a previously monosomic bone marrow (45,XX,-6): conversion of a myeloproliferative disorder to acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Kohn G , Manny N , Eldor A , Cohen MM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bone marrow examination of a patient with a myeloproliferative disorder revealed monosomy for chromosome No. 6 (45,XX,-6). Two months later, during blastic crisis, reinvestigation of the bone marrow showed the presence of the Ph-1 chromosome in the previously aneuploid cell line (45,XX,-6,-22,+Ph-1). This case differs from those previously published in that the Ph-1 chromosome appeared de novo during the development of frank acute myelogenous leukemia.
The effect of platelet concentrate storage temperature on adenine nucleotide metabolism
Authors: Filip DJ , Eckstein JD , Sibley CA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of platelet concentrate storage temperature (4 degrees C versus 22 degrees C) on platelet adenine nucleotide metabolism was studied. In general, levels of platelet ATP and ADP, the release reaction, and the metabolis nucleotide pool were best preserved for 72 hr by storage of concentrates at 4 degrees C. Storage of concentrates for 72 hr at 22 degrees C was occasionally associated with a pH decrease to less than 6.0, which is incompatible with platelet viability. When the pH fell below 6.0, there was a marked deterioration of platelet adenine nucleotide levels and the release reaction. The results for concentrates stored at 22 degrees C, with a final pH above 6.0, were not inferior to the results for those stored at 4 degrees C. The pH remained above 7.0 in all concentrates stored at 4 degrees C. The pH changes of platelet concentrates stored at 22 degrees C could not solely be attributed to platelet count, red cell count, or bacterial contamination. Storage at both temperatures was associated with conversion of ATP in the metabolic adenine nucleotide pool to hypoxanthine.
In vitro granulocyte production in patients with Hodgkin's disease and lymphocytic, histiocytic, and mixed lymphomas
Authors: Bull JM , DeVita VT , Carbone PP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vitro granulocyte colony formation (CFU-C) was examined in 19 untreated patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease and in 25 untreated patients with histiocytic, lymphocytic, and mixed lymphomas. The patients with Hodgkin's disease and diffuse histiocytic, lymphocytic, and mixed lymphomas produced decreased numbers of granulocyte colinies, whereas patients with nodular histiocytic, lymphocytic, and mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphomas showed normal granulycote colony growth. The acute response of CFU-C to combination chemotherapy (MOPP) is described in two patients followed with sequential marrow cultures through their indiction chemotherapy. The long-term effect of MOPP chemotherapy was examined in five patients who had completed chemotherapy 1.5–6 yr priot to in vitro examination.
Metal ion contents of gel-filtered platelets from patients with storage pool disease
Authors: Lages B , Scrutton MC , Holmsen H , Day HJ , Weiss HJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelets from nine patients with storage pool disease (SPD) and from ten control subjects were isolated by gel filtration into a suspension medium permitting the direct determination of platelet Mg-2+, Ca-2+, and K+ levels. The total intracellular levels of ATP and ADP, as well as the incorporation patterns of 14-C-adenine into the metabolic nucleotide pool, were also determined in these platelet suspensions. The gel-filtered platelets (GFP) from SPD patients exhibited slightly lowered levels of ATP and substantially reduced amounts of ADP, in agreement with previous studies using PRP suspensions. Diminished aggregation responses to ADP, epinephrine, and to collagen in particular, similar to those observed previously in PRP, were obtained in GFP from SPD patients. However, GFP from the patients exhibited more variable aggregation responses to addition of ADP and epinephrine than did GFP from the control subjects. Increases in the extent of radioactive hypoxanthine formation, observed previously in normal platelets as a result of isolation into the suspension medium used in these studies, were significantly reduced in the GFP from SPD patients. The levels of platelet Mg-2+ and K+ determined in GFP from the patients were not significantly different from the levels of these ions in GFP from control subjects. However, substantial reductions in platelet Ca- 2+ were found in the SPD platelets. A strong correlation was obtained between this reduction in platelet Ca-2+ and the reduction in ADP in these platelets. No such correlation was apparent between the ATP and Ca-2+ deficiencies. These results suggest that a major portion of platelet Ca-2+ may be located in the dense granules and support previous hypotheses that granular ADP and/or Ca-2+ may play a role in the release reaction. The finding of normal levels of platelet Mg-2+ and K+ in SPD platelets, however, suggests that these latter ions are not located in the dense granules.
The factors controlling stem cell recirculation. i. Migration of hemopoietic stem cells in adrenalectomized mice
Authors: Khaitov RM , Petrov RV , Moroz BB , Bezin GI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The influence of bilateral adrenalectomy on hemopoietic stem cell (CFU) migration in mice has been studied. Formation of endogenous spleen colonies in lethally irradiated, leg-shielded mice was sharply increased by prior adrenalectomy, and this increase was not dependent on the volume of shielded bone marrow. Adrenalectomy was shown to increase endogenous spleen colony formation in sublethally irradiated mice as well. However, it had no affect on formation of spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice injected with syngeneic bone marrow. The CFU content of murine bone marrow decreased acutely after removal of the adrenals, and this decrease was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the peripheral blood and splenic CFU. Thus, adrenalectomy appeared to have no affect on the splenic plating efficiency or proliferative rate of hemopoietic stem cells, but it did result in increased migration of stem cells from the bone marrow to the blood, and thence to the spleen. It is concluded that the adrenal steroids may be of physiologic importance in the regulation of ehmopoietic stem cell migration.
In vitro production of erythropoietin by mouse fetal liver
Authors: Zucali JR , Stevens V , Mirand EA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mouse fetal liver tissue has been cultured and shown to produce and release into the culture medium an erythropoietically active substance for up to 30 days of culture. Since this substance can be completely neutralized by an antiserum to erythropoietin and shows a dose-- response relationship in the plethoric mouse assay, it is suggested that the culture medium contains erythropoietin, a hormone important in the regulation of erythropoiesis. Using this procedure, we have obtained the equivalent of about 20.7 unites of erythropoietin from five T-flasks (75 sq cm) over the 30-day culture period.
Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Rai KR , Sawitsky A , Cronkite EP , Chanana AD , Levy RN , Pasternack BS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method of clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been proposed which is based on the concept that CLL is a disease of progressive accumulation of nonfunctioning lymphocytes: stage O, bone marrow and blood lymphocytosis only; stage 1, lymphocytosis with enlarged nodes; stage II, lymphocytosis with enlarged spleen or liver or both; stage III, lymphocytosis with anemia; and stage IV:lymphocytosis with thrombocytopenia. Analysis of 125 patients. in the present series showed the following median survival times (in months) from diagnosis: stage 0, is greater than 150; stage I 101; stage II, 71; stage III, 19; stage IV, 19, The median survival for the entire series was 71 mo. The prognostic significance of the stage remained even after adjustment was made for age and sex. However, both sex and age were shown to be poor predictors of survival after adjustment for stage. The method of staging proved to be a reliable predictor of survival whether used at diagnosis or during the course of the disease. The proposed staging system was an equally accurate indicator for survival when applied to two other previously published studies of large series of patients.
The effect of carbon monoxide on red cell life span in sickle cell disease
Authors: Beutler E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Carbon monoxide at a concentration of 1000–2000 ppm was administered to sickle cell disease patients. In each of two patients, one 51Cr red cell survival study was carried out before CO administration, and a second study was initiated a few days before CO administration was started. In both, significant prolongation of red cell survival was observed, suggesting that the rheologic properties of sickle cells were favorably influenced in vivo. The administration of carbon monoxide is not recommended as a treatment for sickle cell disease. However, further trials would seem to be justified if conducted under carefully controlled conditions.
Complement-sensitive red cells in aplastic anemia
Authors: Ben-Bassat I , Brok-Simoni F , Ramot B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In view of the clinical association of aplastic anemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), the complement-dependent lysis of the youngest red cells of AA patients was studied. A complement-sensitive population of young red cells was found in five of six patients with AA. These cells were rapidly cleared from the circulation and were undetectable in the oldest cell fraction. Such cells were not found in normal controls or in a variety of hematologic disorders, with the exception of PNH. This study suggests that in most patients with AA, even without any clinical manifestations of PNH, there is a population of dyserythropoietic, short-lived complement- sensitive cells.
Heterogeneity of human circulating anticoagulants against antihemophilic factor (factor VIII)
Authors: Poon MC , Wine AC , Ratnoff OD , Bernier GM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The heterogeneity of human circulating anticoagulants against antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) observed in seven patients, both with and without classic hemophilia, was investigated by neutralization of their activity with antiserums directed to whole IgG and to lambda and kappa light chains. All seven anticoagulants were immunoglobulins. Six appeared to contain both kinds of light chains, although the dual light chain composition of two of these could be demonstrated only at high concentration of antiserum. In one circulating anticoagulant, light chain specificity could not be demonstrated with small amounts of antiserum, and with larger amounts, only lambda light chain specificity was revealed. Whether or not this circulating anticoagulant really contained a single light chain type could not be ascertained with our technique. The evidence presented suggested that circulating anticoagulant antibodies against AHF are polyclonal in nature.
BCG in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Heyn RM , Joo P , Karon M , Nesbit M , Shore N , Breslow N , Weiner J , Reed A , Hammond D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, who were in remission after induction with prednisone and vincristine and consolidation with intravenous methotrexate, were randomized into three groups receiving (1) no further therapy, (2) BCG, and (3) chemotherapy with biweekly methotrexate and monthly prednisone and vincristine. Children continuing in remission after 8 mo on chemotherapy in group 3 were rerandomized into three similar groups, i.e., no therapy, BCG, and chemotherapy. In the primary randomization, the median duration of remission was identical in the groups receiving no therapy or BCG, (4 and 4.3 mo respectively), and both were significantly less than the median duration of remission on chemotherapy which had not been reached prior to secondary randomization at 8 mo. Results of secondary randomization were similar to those of primary randomization. As used in this study, BCG was ineffective in prolonging drug-induced remissions either early in remission or when the leukemic cell population might have been further reduced after 8 mo of maintenance chemotherapy.
Regeneration of blood-forming organs after autologous leukocyte transfusion in lethally irradiated dogs. I. Distribution and cellularity of the bone marrow in normal dogs
Authors: Calvo W , Fliedner TM , Herbst EW , Fache I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Marrow cellularity in adult beagles (1–2 yr old) is highest in centrally located bones, with values between 8000 and 12,000 nucleated cells per sq mm. It decreases gradually towards the peripheral parts of the body, reaching values below 1000 per sq mm in bones distal to the elbow and knee. The first tail segment always contains some active marrow. The fifth segment has only stromal elements. In spongy bones fat cells appear to be distributed at random among the blood-forming elements. In the middle part of the femur the fatty marrow predominates in the center of the cylinder, while the subendosteal area is very cellular. The proximal and distal ends of the femur are more cellular than the middle. The small standard deviation of the cellularity in the spongy bones of the trunk and in the proximal and middle part of the humerus makes these sites areas of choice for quantitative studies of marrow regeneration. The large variations in cellularity of the marrow in the radius and tibia of young adult dogs make these sites unsuitable for such studies. The distribution of active and fatty marrow in dogs is similar to that of humans. The differential count of active marrow is quite constant between different dogs and in the various sites of each animal.
Acute monoblastic leukemia: diagnosis and treatment of ten cases
Authors: McKenna RW , Bloomfield CD , Dick F , Nesbit ME , Brunning RD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During a large clinicopathologic study of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), ten patients were identified in whom the leukemic blasts demonstrated striking morphologic and cytochemical similarities and who seemed to form a specific subgroup of ANLL. The patients' leukemic blasts were studied in routine blood and bone marrow preparations and by cytochemical and ultrastructural techniques. In routine smears, the blasts showed no clear evidence of differentiation. Cytochemically, the blasts exhibited strongly positive nonspecific esterase activity, which was completely inhibited by incubation with sodium fluoride, and were myeloperoxidase and sudan black B negative. Ultrastructural features of the blasts were similar to those described for monocytic leukemias. Striking clinical features included the occurrence primarily in young patients, the high frequency of lymphadenopathy at presentation, and the high incidence of post-treatment disseminated intravascular coagulation. Complete remissions were frequently initially obtained with duanorubicin in combination with various other agents and later in the disease with VP16–213. Based on the cytochemical and ultrastructural features, we concluded that this form of ANLL was a variety of acute monocytic leukemia. Recognition of the entity is important for optimal therapy.
Hairy cell leukemia: functional, immunologic, kinetic, and ultrastructural characterization
Authors: Debusscher L , Bernheim JL , Collard-Ronge E , Govaerts A , Hooghe R , Lejeune FJ , Zeicher M , Stryckmans PA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia was made by optic microscopy, phase- contrast microscopy, electron microscopy, scanning microscopy, and histochemistry of the abnormal blood cells. In vivo these cells were found to have a half-time in the blood of approximately 150 hr. In vitro they had the capacity to adhere firmly to plastic, making it possible to obtain a pure population of hairy cells. Neither T-rosette formation nor phytohemagglutinin (PHA) transformation could be demonstrated in these cells. On the other hand, the presence of immunoglobulins on the surface of the hairy cells (HC) by immunofluorescence, and the synthesis and secretion by these cells of IgM type lambda-chains shown by radioimmunodiffusion, were in favor of their B-type lymphocyte origin. Similarities to chronic lymphocytic leukemia were apparent.