bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No effect of Turkish bath (Hammam) on sunburn after exposure to natural ultraviolet radiation: A randomized controlled blinded trial
Authors: Öberg Stina , Fonnes Siv , Andresen Kristoffer , Pommergaard Hans‐Christian , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundScrubbing of the skin during Hammam, a Turkish spa treatment, removes cells from the ultraviolet radiation absorbing stratum corneum.AimThe aim of this study was to assess if skin is more susceptible to sunburn after a Hammam treatment.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial with a paired design, healthy adult participants with skin types 1‐3 were randomized to receive Hammam treatment on one side of the back while the other side was used as control. Participants had 30 minutes of sun exposure on their backs. Erythema and pain were assessed before and 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours after sun exposure. Erythema was assessed by a visual scale and by using chromatography on high‐resolution photos. Pain was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The primary outcome was the difference in chromatography‐assessed erythema from baseline to the 24‐hour assessment, compared between the Hammam‐ and the control side. Secondary outcomes were differences in pain and visually assessed erythema.ResultsTwelve participants were included with complete follow‐up. Eight participants had type‐3 skin and four had type‐2 skin. There was no difference between the Hammam and the control side for any of the outcomes. Even though erythema assessed by chromatography was slightly higher for the Hammam side, the difference was insignificant.ConclusionHammam treatment did not increase sunburn, measured by UV‐induced skin erythema and pain, compared with untreated skin following 30 minutes of sun exposure.
Revealed by degrees: Patients’ experience of receiving information after in‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Klint Kjell , Sjöland Helen , Axelsson Åsa B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe patients’ experience of receiving information about the event after having a cardiac arrest in hospital.BackgroundIn Sweden, approximately 2,600 people per year experience cardiac arrest in hospital. After a cardiac arrest, the patient is entitled to receive information about what has occurred. This information must be provided in a way that does not do the patient more harm than good. In order to provide information to patients in a satisfactory manner for them, knowledge about how patients react to information in this situation is valuable.DesignWe used a qualitative approach with interviews and content analysis.MethodsTwenty patients participated in face‐to‐face interviews analysed by content analysis. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies were used.ResultsThe analysis resulted in three categories: Getting the information gradually, Understanding information received and Seeking clarity. The subcategories that emerged were as follows: Indirect information, Short and direct information, Explanatory information, Lack of information, Unsatisfactory information, Hard‐to‐understand information, Insight, Unanswered questions, Hard‐to‐formulate questions, Requesting information and Searching independently for knowledge.ConclusionsThe patients needed gradual and repeated information during their hospitalisation, and repeated information was continually required after their discharge from hospital. Whether or how the information was given varied. The patients’ experience was that they sometimes lacked opportunities for conversation and asking questions, while they also found it hard to formulate questions. Patients who have a cardiac arrest in hospital appear to have similar information needs to patients whose cardiac arrest takes place outside the hospital context.Relevance to clinical practiceInformation on the patient's cardiac arrest should be given in gradual stages, according to the patient's needs. The information needs to be repeated during the hospital stay and after discharge. Healthcare professional should gain insight into patients’ responses and create information that is adapted to the individual.
Preventive interventions for pressure ulcers in long‐term older people care facilities: A systematic review
Authors: Mäki‐Turja‐Rostedt Sirpa , Stolt Minna , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Haavisto Elina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the effectiveness of interventions aimed at pressure ulcer (PU) prevention in long‐term older people care facilities (LOPC).BackgroundPressure ulcers cause suffering for patients and constitute a major financial burden. Although most PUs could be prevented, their number has remained high. To avoid unnecessary suffering and costs, PU prevention must be effective.DesignA systematic review.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Cochrane Wounds Group Specialized Register and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The inclusion criteria were: (a) study published in 2005–2017, (b) intervention with pre‐ and post‐tests, focusing on PU prevention, (c) implemented in LOPC facilities, (d) persons >65 years as study population, and (e) outcomes reported as PU incidence or prevalence or healing time. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's MAStARI critical appraisal checklist. The data were analysed with narrative synthesis.ResultsThe review included eighteen studies. The study designs were RCTs (n = 10), comparable cohort or case–control studies (n = 3), and descriptive or case series (n = 5). PU incidence in LOPC facilities decreased by using computerised decision‐making support systems, PU prevention programmes, repositioning or advanced cushions. PU prevalence decreased with PU prevention programmes, by using advanced mattresses and overlays, or by adding protein and energy supplements to diet.ConclusionsThere are many ways to prevent PUs in LOPC facilities; no single effective way can be identified. One‐third of the preventive interventions in LOPC facilities were effective. However, systematic evidence from randomised trials on preventive interventions of PUs in LOPC settings is still lacking.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used in practice for selecting and in research for developing effective preventive interventions of PUs in LOPC facilities.
Loss of genetic diversity, recovery and allele surfing in a colonizing parasite, Geomydoecus aurei
Authors: Demastes James W. , Hafner David J. , Hafner Mark S. , Light Jessica E. , Spradling Theresa A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic consequences of changes in species distributions has wide‐ranging implications for predicting future outcomes of climate change, for protecting threatened or endangered populations and for understanding the history that has led to current genetic patterns within species. Herein, we examine the genetic consequences of range expansion over a 25‐year period in a parasite (Geomydoecus aurei) that is in the process of expanding its geographic range via invasion of a novel host. By sampling the genetics of 1,935 G. aurei lice taken from 64 host individuals collected over this time period using 12 microsatellite markers, we test hypotheses concerning linear spatial expansion, genetic recovery time and allele surfing. We find evidence of decreasing allelic richness (AR) with increasing distance from the source population, supporting a linear, stepping stone model of spatial expansion that emphasizes the effects of repeated bottleneck events during colonization. We provide evidence of post‐bottleneck genetic recovery, with average AR of infrapopulations increasing about 30% over the 225‐generation span of time observed directly in this study. Our estimates of recovery rate suggest, however, that recovery has plateaued and that this population may not reach genetic diversity levels of the source population without further immigration from the source population. Finally, we employ a grid‐based sampling scheme in the region of ongoing population expansion and provide empirical evidence for the power of allele surfing to impart genetic structure on a population, even under conditions of selective neutrality and in a place that lacks strong barriers to gene flow.
Cognate sensor kinase‐independent activation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis response regulator DevR (DosR) by acetyl phosphate: implications in anti‐mycobacterial drug design
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Kumari Priyanka , Vashist Atul , Kumar Chanchal , Nandi Malobi , Tyagi Jaya Sivaswami 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe DevRS/DosT two‐component system is essential for mycobacterial survival under hypoxia, a prevailing stress within granulomas. DevR (also known as DosR) is activated by an inducing stimulus, such as hypoxia, through conventional phosphorylation by its cognate sensor kinases, DevS (also known as DosS) and DosT. Here, we show that the DevR regulon is activated by acetyl phosphate under ‘non‐inducing’ aerobic conditions when Mycobacterium tuberculosis devS and dosT double deletion strain is cultured on acetate. Overexpression of phosphotransacetylase caused a perturbation of the acetate kinase‐phosphotransacetylase pathway, a decrease in the concentration of acetyl phosphate and dampened the aerobic induction response in acetate‐grown bacteria. The operation of two pathways of DevR activation, one through sensor kinases and the other by acetyl phosphate, was established by an analysis of wild‐type DevS and phosphorylation‐defective DevSH395Q mutant strains under conditions partially mimicking a granulomatous‐like environment of acetate and hypoxia. Our findings reveal that DevR can be phosphorylated in vivo by acetyl phosphate. Importantly, we demonstrate that acetyl phosphate‐dependent phosphorylation can occur in the absence of DevR’s cognate kinases. Based on our findings, we conclude that anti‐mycobacterial therapy should be targeted to DevR itself and not to DevS/DosT kinases.
What is new? The role of asymmetry and breaks in oil price–output growth volatility nexus
Authors: Raheem Ibrahim D. , Olabisi Nafisat O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examines the role of asymmetry and breaks in oil price–output growth volatility nexus. A representative of 10 countries was selected from net oil‐exporting and‐importing economies for the period 1986–2017. It is hypothesised that countries respond differently to changes in oil price. To prove this point, we use the recent nonlinear ARDL of Shinet al. (), based on the framework of the dynamic common correlated effect of the heterogeneous panel of Chudik and Pesaran (), to decompose oil price into positive and negative partial sums. Our results show that without accounting for breaks, asymmetry only matters for net oil exporters in both short‐ and long run. However, accounting for breaks expanded the importance of asymmetry to net oil importers (in the short run). These results are robust to changes in the measures of oil price and growth volatility.
Population‐neuroscience study of the Tokyo TEEN Cohort (pn‐TTC): Cohort longitudinal study to explore the neurobiological substrates of adolescent psychological and behavioral development
Authors: Okada Naohiro , Ando Shuntaro , Sanada Motoyuki , Hirata‐Mogi Sachiko , Iijima Yudai , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Shirakawa Toru , Yamagishi Mika , Kanehara Akiko , Morita Masaya , Yagi Tomoko , Hayashi Noriyuki , Koshiyama Daisuke , Morita Kentaro , Sawada Kingo , Ikegame Tempei , Sugimoto Noriko , Toriyama Rie , Masaoka Mio , Fujikawa Shinya , Kanata Sho , Tada Mariko , Kirihara Kenji , Yahata Noriaki , Araki Tsuyoshi , Jinde Seiichiro , Kano Yukiko , Koike Shinsuke , Endo Kaori , Yamasaki Syudo , Nishida Atsushi , Hiraiwa‐Hasegawa Mariko , Bundo Miki , Iwamoto Kazuya , Tanaka Saori C. , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: December 2018

AimAdolescence is a crucial stage of psychological development and is critically vulnerable to the onset of psychopathology. Our understanding of how the maturation of endocrine, epigenetics, and brain circuit may underlie psychological development in adolescence, however, has not been integrated. Here, we introduce our research project, the population‐neuroscience study of the Tokyo TEEN Cohort (pn‐TTC), a longitudinal study to explore the neurobiological substrates of development during adolescence.MethodsParticipants in the first wave of the pn‐TTC (pn‐TTC‐1) study were recruited from those of the TTC study, a large‐scale epidemiological survey in which 3171 parent–adolescent pairs were recruited from the general population. Participants underwent psychological, cognitive, sociological, and physical assessment. Moreover, adolescents and their parents underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; structural MRI, resting‐state functional MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and adolescents provided saliva samples for hormone analysis and for DNA analysis including epigenetics. Furthermore, the second wave (pn‐TTC‐2) followed similar methods as in the first wave.ResultsA total of 301 parent–adolescent pairs participated in the pn‐TTC‐1 study. Moreover, 281 adolescents participated in the pn‐TTC‐2 study, 238 of whom were recruited from the pn‐TTC‐1 sample. The instruction for data request is available at: http://value.umin.jp/data‐resource.html.ConclusionThe pn‐TTC project is a large‐scale and population‐neuroscience‐based survey with a plan of longitudinal biennial follow up. Through this approach we seek to elucidate adolescent developmental mechanisms according to biopsychosocial models. This current biomarker research project, using minimally biased samples recruited from the general population, has the potential to expand the new research field of population neuroscience.
Fatigue in pediatric liver transplant recipients and its impact on their quality of life
Authors: Petersen Irene , Noelle Janka , Buchholz Angela , Kroencke Sylvia , Daseking Monika , Grabhorn Enke 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of fatigue in 100 pediatric liver transplant recipients aged 2‐18 years and its impact on their health‐related quality of life (HRQL). HRQL and fatigue were measured using the PedsQL 4.0 Inventory and the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, which encompasses three subscales: general fatigue, sleep/rest fatigue, and cognitive fatigue. The impact of the different domains of fatigue and of clinical and sociodemographic factors on the HRQL was identified with stepwise multiple regression analyses. Parent proxy‐reports were available for all 100 participants (2‐18 years), and child self‐reports were available for 71 patients (8‐18 years). Across all domains, participants and their parents reported significantly more fatigue than healthy peers in a large PedsQL validation study. Thirty‐seven percent of patients and 57% of parents scored clinically relevant levels of fatigue. In the multiple regression analyses, none of the clinical and sociodemographic factors contributed to the HRQL for child self‐report. Only general and cognitive fatigue were significant predictors of patients' HRQL, explaining 66% of the variance in the PedsQL total score. For parent proxy‐report, general and cognitive fatigue also significantly predicted child's HRQL. Further predictors were child's age and family income. The regression model explained 65% of the variance. These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing fatigue during regular follow‐up examinations. Further research is urgently needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of fatigue. Improvement of fatigue symptoms is essential for better HRQL, for cognitive functioning, and for school achievement.
The impact of oil prices on trade
Authors: Nanovsky Simeon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces an oil price–distance interaction variable in a gravity equation to explain how global trade behaves as a result of oil price changes. The findings are that as oil prices increase, international trade becomes more localized in that countries begin trading relatively more with their neighbors. In contrast, when they decrease, trade becomes more dispersed in that the distance between countries becomes less relevant. These results are highly significant across specifications, and the magnitude is not to be ignored. According to the full specification an oil price halving will make trade more dispersed by relatively increasing trade by 40% for a distance of 10,000 miles and by 25% for a distance of 1,000 miles.
Sudden stops of international fund flows: Occurrence and magnitude
Authors: Li Suxiao , de Haan Jakob , Scholtens Bert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing data of 65 economies from January 2000 (2008) to June 2015, we examine the covariates of sudden stops in fund equity and bond flows. Our results suggest that global, contagion and domestic factors are all related to the likelihood of sudden stops. For sudden stops in equity flows, global factors play a more important role in high‐income economies. For sudden stops in bond flows, global variables are the most important covariates in emerging economies, whereas domestic variables play a more important role in high‐income economies. We also find that global and contagion factors are correlated to the magnitude of sudden stops.
Modeling the parvovirus B19 blood safety risk in Australia
Authors: Styles Claire E. , Hoad Veronica C. , Gorman Elise , Roulis Eileen , Flower Robert , Faddy Helen M. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDThree probable cases of transfusion‐transmitted (TT) parvovirus B19 (B19V) occurred in Australia between 2014 and 2017. This study aimed to determine the B19V DNA prevalence among blood donors, to model the risk to recipients of fresh components, and to assess risk management options.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPlasma samples from 4232 donors were tested for B19V DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Reactive samples were confirmed and viral load determined. A transmission‐risk model was used to estimate recipient risk, and the risk from community exposure was estimated using seroprevalence data.RESULTSTwo samples (0.0473%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0130‐0.172) confirmed positive for B19V DNA had a potentially infectious viral load of 105 IU/mL or higher. The estimated risk of a TT‐B19V–associated significant complication was low overall at approximately 1 in 300,000 (95% CI, 1 in 82,000 to 1 in 1 million) fresh components transfused, with 3.1 (95% CI, 0.85‐11.3) complications modeled per year. Among vulnerable recipient groups, the risk was higher than 1 in 15,000 patients, but the risk from community exposure far exceeded the transfusion risk for all patient and age groups.CONCLUSIONIn the context of the small contribution of transfusion to the burden of B19V disease, the significant costs that would be incurred by any strategy to reduce the risk, and given the significant uncertainties and likely overestimation of the risk, we conclude TT‐B19V is a tolerable risk to blood safety, despite being high for some vulnerable recipient groups.
Bacterial inactivation of platelet concentrates with the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets pathogen inactivation system
Authors: Gravemann Ute , Handke Wiebke , Müller Thomas H. , Seltsam Axel 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDThe THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets system (Maco Pharma) uses ultraviolet C (UVC) light for pathogen inactivation (PI) of platelet concentrates (PCs) without any additional photoactive compound. The aim of the study was to systematically investigate bacterial inactivation with this system under conditions of intended use.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe robustness of the system was evaluated by assessing its capacity to inactivate high concentrations of different bacterial species in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. The optimal use of the PI system was explored in time‐to‐treatment experiments by testing its ability to sterilize PCs contaminated with low levels of bacteria on the day of manufacture (target concentration, 100 colony‐forming units/unit). The bacteria panel used for spiking experiments in this study included the World Health Organization International Repository Platelet Transfusion Relevant Reference Strains (n = 14), commercially available strains (n = 13), and in‐house clinical isolates (n = 2).RESULTSMean log reduction factors after UVC treatment ranged from 3.1 to 7.5 and varied between different strains of the same species. All PCs (n = 12/species) spiked with up to 200 colony‐forming units/bag remained sterile until the end of storage when UVC treated 6 hours after spiking. UVC treatment 8 hours after spiking resulted in single breakthrough contaminations with the fast‐growing species Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes.CONCLUSIONThe UVC‐based THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets system efficiently inactivates transfusion‐relevant bacterial species in PCs. The comprehensive data from this study may provide a valuable basis for the optimal use of this UVC‐based PI system.
Donor InSight: characteristics and representativeness of a Dutch cohort study on blood and plasma donors
Authors: Timmer Tiffany C. , de Groot Rosa , Habets Karin , Merz Eva‐Maria , Prinsze Femmeke J. , Atsma Femke , de Kort Wim L.A.M. , van den Hurk Katja 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesMore insight into donor health and behaviour may contribute to more efficient and focused strategies regarding donor care and management. Donor InSight (DIS) is a Dutch cohort study of blood and plasma donors. We aimed to outline the objectives and methods of DIS, describe the cohort, and compare it to the active Dutch donor population.Materials and MethodsIn 2007‐2009 (DIS‐I, n = 31 338) and 2012‐2013 (DIS‐II, 34 826, of whom 22 132 also participated in DIS‐I) questionnaire data on demographics, donation, lifestyle, family composition, health and disease were collected. A second follow‐up (DIS‐III, n = 3046), including donors with differing haemoglobin trajectories, was completed in 2015‐2016. DIS‐III includes data on genetic determinants, iron and red cell indices. Representativeness of the DIS‐I sample for the entire Dutch donor population was assessed by comparing characteristics of both.ResultsDonor InSight was initially set up because of a need for more detailed information and evidence as a basis for decision‐making in blood banks. DIS‐I sample is comparable to the total Dutch donor population in terms of age, body mass index, haemoglobin level, blood pressure, blood type and donation behaviour.ConclusionDonor InSight is a cohort study representative of the Dutch donor population. It provides evidence to support evidence‐based decision making.