bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of flavonoid intake and risk of primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Kang Jae H. , Ivey Kerry L. , Boumenna Tahani , Rosner Bernard , Wiggs Janey L. , Pasquale Louis R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the association between flavonoid intake and incident primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsWe followed 65 516 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (from 1984) and 42 156 men from the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (from 1986) biennially to 2012, who were 40+ years old, free of POAG, and reported eye examinations. Dietary flavonoid intake was assessed with validated repeated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Incident POAG cases (n = 1575) were confirmed with medical record review. Cohort‐specific multivariable‐adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and meta‐analysed.ResultsTotal flavonoid intake was not associated with risk of POAG development [RR for highest (Q5: median ~645 mg/day) versus lowest quintile (Q1: ~130 mg/day) = 0.91 (95% CI = 0.77, 1.08); p for trend (p‐trend) = 0.19]; the flavonoid subclasses of flavones, flavanones, polymeric flavanols or anthocyanidins were also not associated (Q5 versus Q1 comparison p‐values ≥0.05 and p‐trend ≥0.09). Higher intakes of flavonols and monomeric flavanols were nominally associated with lower POAG risk, based on the Q5 versus Q1 comparisons or p‐trends. The Q5 versus Q1 comparison RRs were: for flavonols, 0.82 (95% CI = 0.69, 0.97; p‐trend = 0.05; ~28 versus ~8 mg/day), and for monomeric flavanols, 0.86 (95% CI = 0.72, 1.02; p‐trend=0.04; ~110 versus 10 mg/day). The food/beverage that contributed most to both the variation of flavonols and monomeric flavanols was tea; consuming ~2 cups/day was associated with 18% lower POAG risk (RR=0.82; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.99; p‐trend = 0.02).ConclusionTotal flavonoid intake was not associated with POAG risk. Greater intakes of flavonols and monomeric flavanols and of tea showed suggestive modest associations with lower risk; these results need confirmation.
Type, severity, management and outcome of ocular and adnexal firework‐related injuries: the Rotterdam experience
Authors: Frimmel Sonja , de Faber J. Tjeerd , Wubbels Rene J. , Kniestedt Christoph , Paridaens Dion 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo study the type, severity, management and outcome of firework‐related adnexal and ocular injuries during New Year's Eve festivities.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 123 injured patients (143 eyes) treated at the Rotterdam Eye Hospital between 2009 and 2013. All ages were included and analysed according to age, gender, active participant or bystander, laterality, location, dimension and severity of injury. Outcome parameter was the final best‐corrected visual acuity.ResultsThe mean age was 22 ± 13 years with 87% males and 53% bystanders. 52% were ≤18 years. There was a higher number of female than male bystanders (63% versus 51%, p = 0.30). 50% of the eyes sustained mild, 13% moderate and 37% severe trauma. Adults suffered more from severe injuries compared to children (42% versus 31%). The most frequent intervention was gunpowder removal (20%), followed by traumatic cataract surgery (12%) and amniotic membrane grafting (8%). 76% of patients were followed over 1 year. At the end of follow‐up, 88 (61.5%) eyes had recovered fully, while 55 (38.5%) eyes suffered from persistent complications with reduced vision ≤0.8 in 30% of injured eyes. 15 patients (12%, 10 adults, five children) were considered legally blind (vision ≤0.1). Three (2%) eyes were subject to evisceration.ConclusionEvery year, around New Year's Eve 30–45 victims were referred to the Rotterdam Eye Hospital; 50% sustained moderate‐to‐severe trauma. In severe firework injuries, patients required multiple treatments that may not prevent permanent blindness and/or functional/cosmetic disfigurement. The majority was bystander and younger than 18 years.
Local partial depletion of CD11b+ cells and their influence on choroidal neovascularization using the CD11b‐HSVTK mouse model
Authors: Brockmann Claudia , Kociok Norbert , Dege Sabrina , Davids Anja‐Maria , Brockmann Tobias , Miller Kelly R. , Joussen Antonia M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess the influence of retinal macrophages and microglia on the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Therefore, we used a transgenic mouse (CD11b‐HSVTK) in which the application of ganciclovir (GCV) results in a depletion of CD11b+ cells.MethodsWe first investigated if a local depletion of CD11b+ macrophages and microglia in the retina is feasible. In a second step, the influence of CD11b+ cell depletion on CNV formation was analysed. One eye of each CD11b‐HSVTK mouse was injected with GCV, and the fellow eye received sodium chloride solution (NaCl). Cell counting was performed at day 3 and 7 (one injection) or at day 14 and 21 (two injections). Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was induced by argon laser and analysed at day 14.ResultsThe most effective CD11b+ cell depletion was achieved 7 days after a single injection and 14 days after two injections of GCV. After two injections of GCV, we found a significant reduction of CD11b+ cells in central (52 ± 23.9 cells/mm2) and peripheral retina (53 ± 20.6 cells/mm2); compared to eyes received NaCl (216 ± 49.0 and 210 ± 50.5 cells/mm2, p < 0.001, respectively). Regarding CNV areas, no statistical significance was found between the groups.ConclusionThe CD11b‐HSVTK mouse is a feasible model for a local depletion of CD11b+ cells in the retina. Nevertheless, only a partial depletion of CD11b+ cells could be achieved compared to baseline data without any intravitreal injections. Our results did not reveal a significant reduction in CNV areas. In the light of previous knowledge, the potential influence of systemic immune cells on CNV formation might be more relevant than expected.
Risks for upper respiratory infections in infants during their first months in day care included environmental and child‐related factors
Authors: Laursen Rikke Pilmann , Larnkjær Anni , Ritz Christian , Hojsak Iva , Michaelsen Kim , Mølgaard Christian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe examined the frequency and potential risk factors for respiratory infections, diarrhoea and absences in infants during their first months in day care.MethodsThis prospective cohort study comprised 269 Danish infants aged eight months to 14 months and was part of a study that examined how probiotics affected absences from day care due to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The risk factors examined were the household, child characteristics and type of day care facility. Parents registered upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), diarrhoea and day care absences on web‐based questionnaires.ResultsOver a mean of 5.6 months in day care, 36% and 20% of the infants had at least one URTI or LRTI, and 60% had diarrhoeal episodes. The risk of at least one URTI was increased by previous respiratory infections, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.65, but was inversely associated with having a pet (OR: 0.43), being cared for by registered child minders compared to day care centres (OR: 0.36), birthweight (OR 0.40) and age at day care enrolment (OR: 0.64). No significant risk factors for LRTIs and diarrhoea were found.ConclusionInfection risks were associated with environmental factors and factors related to the child.
High efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and impact of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions in hepatitis C genotype 3 infection
Authors: von Felden J. , Vermehren J. , Ingiliz P. , Mauss S. , Lutz T. , Simon K. G. , Busch H. W. , Baumgarten A. , Schewe K. , Hueppe D. , Boesecke C. , Rockstroh J. K. , Daeumer M. , Luebke N. , Timm J. , Schulze zur Wiesch J. , Sarrazin C. , Christensen S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundTwelve weeks of the pangenotypic direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) combination sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) was highly efficient in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 (GT3) infection in the ASTRAL‐3 approval study. However, presence of resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) in the HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) was associated with lower treatment response.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of SOF/VEL ± ribavirin (RBV) and the impact of NS5A RASs and RBV use on treatment outcome in HCV GT3 infection in a real‐world setting.MethodsIn this multicentre cohort study, GT3 patients from ten treatment centres across Germany were included. Sustained virological response was assessed 12 weeks after end‐of‐treatment (SVR12) in modified intention‐to‐treat (mITT) and per‐protocol analysis (PP). NS5A RASs were tested by population‐based sequencing.ResultsA total of 293 GT3 patients were included. The median age was 48 years, 70% were male, 25.3% were cirrhotic, 9.2% were HCV/HIV co‐infected and 21.8% were treatment‐experienced, including 4.1% with DAA experience. Baseline NS5A RASs (Y93H, A30K, L31M) were detected in 11.2%. RBV was added in 5% of noncirrhotic and 58.9% of cirrhotic patients, respectively. SVR12 rates for SOF/VEL±RBV were 95.9% (mITT) and 99.5% (PP), respectively. Only 1 virological relapse occurred in a cirrhotic patient previously treated with SOF/RBV. No treatment‐related major adverse events occurred.ConclusionTwelve weeks of SOL/VEL±RBV was safe and highly efficient in HCV GT3 across a diverse patient population. Baseline NS5A RASs were rarely observed and presence did not seem to impact SVR, regardless of the use of RBV.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: neuroimaging in hepatitis C chronic infection
Authors: Oriolo G. , Egmond E. , Mariño Z. , Cavero M. , Navines R. , Zamarrenho L. , Solà R. , Pujol J. , Bargallo N. , Forns X. , Martin‐Santos R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis C is considered a systemic disease because of extra‐hepatic manifestations. Neuroimaging has been employed in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients to find in vivo evidence of central nervous system alterations.AimsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of neuroimaging research in chronic hepatitis C treatment naive patients, or patients previously treated without sustained viral response, to study structural and functional brain impact of hepatitis C.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines a database search was conducted from inception up until 1 May 2017 for peer‐reviewed studies on structural or functional neuroimaging assessment of chronic hepatitis C patients without cirrhosis or encephalopathy, with control group. Meta‐analyses were performed when possible.ResultsThe final sample comprised 25 studies (magnetic resonance spectroscopy [N = 12], perfusion weighted imaging [N = 1], positron emission tomography [N = 3], single‐photon emission computed tomography [N = 4], functional connectivity in resting state [N = 1], diffusion tensor imaging [N = 2] and structural magnetic resonance imaging [N = 2]). The whole sample was of 509 chronic hepatitis C patients, with an average age of 41.5 years old and mild liver disease. A meta‐analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed increased levels of choline/creatine ratio (mean difference [MD] 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06‐0.18), creatine (MD 0.85, 95% CI 0.42‐1.27) and glutamate plus glutamine (MD 1.67, 95% CI 0.39‐2.96) in basal ganglia and increased levels of choline/creatine ratio in centrum semiovale white matter (MD 0.13, 95% CI 0.07‐0.19) in chronic hepatitis C patients compared with healthy controls. Photon emission tomography studies meta‐analyses did not find significant differences in PK11195 binding potential in cortical and subcortical regions of chronic hepatitis C patients compared with controls. Correlations were observed between various neuroimaging alterations and neurocognitive impairment, fatigue and depressive symptoms in some studies.ConclusionsPatients with chronic hepatitis C exhibit cerebral metabolite alterations and structural or functional neuroimaging abnormalities, which sustain the hypothesis of hepatitis C virus involvement in brain disturbances.
Occurrence of reproductive disorders in pig herds with and withoutChlamydia suisinfection – statistical analysis of breeding parameters
Authors: Rypuła Krzysztof , Kumala Aleksandra , Płoneczka‐Janeczko Katarzyna , Lis Paweł , Karuga‐Kuźniewska Ewa , Dudek Krzysztof , Całkosiński Ireneusz , Kuźnik Patrycja , Chorbiński Paweł 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChlamydiaeare frequently encountered Gram‐negative intracellular eubacteria that can cause clear manifestations or clinically asymptomatic disorders.C. suisand other chlamydia are primarily isolated in cases of reproductive disorders. This study was performed to estimate the impact ofChlamydia suisinfection on reproduction in sows by analyzing reproduction rates and breeding parameters. The test was conducted on first generation (F1) pigs from Polish Landrace (PL) × Polish Large White (PLW). Sixty‐four herds were investigated and 500 vaginal swabs were collected. Isolation ofDNAwas carried out directly from the swabs. All samples were analyzed forChlamydia suisby real‐timePCRwith a locked nucleic acid (LNA)‐containing probe. To analyze the impact of chlamydia infection on reproductive parameters, evaluation questionnaires were used. Reproductive problems were found in 77.3% of the farms tested. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that in the farms with 10 up to 120 sows, there were higher reproductive problems with chlamydia infection than in smaller and bigger pig farms. The most common problems were estrus repetition, which was reported by 57.81% of the surveyed farms, and the birth of dead piglets, which was reported by 31.25% of the investigated pig farms. Abortions, which were reported by 28.12% of the surveyed farms, were the least common reproductive disorders.
A Group Sequential Test for Treatment Effect Based on the Fine–Gray Model
Authors: Martens Michael J. , Logan Brent R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCompeting risks endpoints arise when patients can fail therapy from several causes. Analyzing these outcomes allows one to assess directly the benefit of treatment on a primary cause of failure in a clinical trial setting. Regression models can be used in clinical trials to adjust for residual imbalances in patient characteristics, improving the power to detect treatment differences. But, none of the competing risks methods currently available for use in group sequential trials adjust for covariates. We propose a group sequential test for treatment effect that, because it is based on the Fine–Gray model, permits adjustment for covariates. Our derivations show that its sequence of test statistics has an asymptotic distribution with an independent increments structure, which allows standard techniques such as O'Brien–Fleming designs and error spending functions to be employed to meet type I error rate and power specifications. We demonstrate the test in a reanalysis of BMT CTN 0402, a phase III clinical trial that evaluated an experimental treatment for the prevention of adverse outcomes following blood and marrow transplant. Moreover, using a simulation study of randomized group sequential trials, we demonstrate that the proposed method preserves the type I error rate and power at their nominal levels in the presence of influential covariates.
Risk and protective factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: A retrospective nationwide study
Authors: Marschalek Marie‐Louise , Worda Christof , Kuessel Lorenz , Koelbl Heinz , Oberaigner Willi , Leitner Hermann , Marschalek Julian , Husslein Heinrich 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn view of the reported increase in obstetric anal sphincter injuries, the objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of such injuries over time and the associated risk and protective factors.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study from a national database of 168 137 primiparous women with term, singleton, cephalic, vaginal delivery between 2008 and 2014. The main outcome measure was obstetric anal sphincter injury. A multivariate regression model was used to identify risk and protective factors.ResultsAge >19 years, birthweight >4000 g, and operative vaginal delivery were independent risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Mediolateral episiotomy increased the risk for obstetric anal sphincter injuries in spontaneous vaginal birth (number needed to harm 333), whereas it was protective in vacuum delivery (number needed to treat 50). From 2008 to 2014, there was an increase in the rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (2.1% vs 3.1%, P < .01), vacuum deliveries (12.1% vs 12.8%, P < .01), and cesarean delivery after labor (17.1% vs 19.4%, P < .01), while forceps deliveries (0.4% vs 0.1%, P < .01) and episiotomy rate decreased (35.9% vs 26.4%, P < .01).ConclusionsEpisiotomy may be a risk or protective factor depending on the type of episiotomy and the clinical setting in which it is used. Our study supports a restrictive use of mediolateral episiotomy in spontaneous vaginal deliveries. In vacuum deliveries mediolateral episiotomy may help prevent obstetric anal sphincter injuries.
Efficiency of the modified Sims maternal position in the rotation of persistent occiput posterior position during labor: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bueno‐Lopez Vanessa , Fuentelsaz‐Gallego Carmen , Casellas‐Caro Manel , Falgueras‐Serrano Ana Maria , Crespo‐Berros Silvia , Silvano‐Cocinero Ana Maria , Alcaine‐Guisado Carolina , Zamoro Fuentes Manuela , Carreras Elena , Terré‐Rull Carmen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundFetal occiput posterior position in labor is associated with more painful and prolonged labor, and an increase in both maternal and fetal morbidity. The aim of this study is to assess whether the modified Sims position on the side of the fetal spine increases the rotation to occiput anterior position in women with epidural analgesia and a fetus in persistent occiput posterior (POP) position.MethodsThis is an open, randomized controlled, clinical trial. One hundred and twenty women in labor with fetuses in POP position were included. The diagnosis was performed through digital vaginal examination and confirmed with an ultrasound scan. Women were randomized into the free position group or the modified Sims on the side of the fetal spine. The primary outcome was rotation to occiput anterior, and secondary outcomes were type of delivery, postpartum perineal condition, perinatal results, and maternal satisfaction.ResultsIn pregnant women undergoing labor in the Sims position, fetuses in POP rotated to occiput anterior in 50.8% of cases, whilst in the free position group, the rotation occurred in 21.7% (P = .001). The rate of vaginal deliveries was higher in the Sims group compared with the free position group (84.7% vs 68.3%, P = .035).DiscussionThe modified Sims position is a maternal posture intervention efficient in POP rotation, which decreases cesarean delivery rate. It is a simple and noninvasive intervention, reproducible, and well tolerated by pregnant women.
Development of a clinical prediction model for an international normalised ratio ≥ 4·5 in hospitalised patients using vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Dreijer Albert R. , Biedermann Joseph S. , Diepstraten Jeroen , Lindemans Anouk D. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. , van den Bemt Patricia M. L. A. , Vergouwe Yvonne 
Published: March 2018

SummaryVitamin K antagonists (VKAs) used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease, increase the risk of bleeding complications. We developed and validated a model to predict the risk of an international normalised ratio (INR) ≥ 4·5 during a hospital stay. Adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital and treated with VKAs between 2006 and 2010 were analysed. Bleeding risk was operationalised as an INR value ≥4·5. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between potential predictors and an INR ≥ 4·5 and validated in an independent cohort of patients from the same hospital between 2011 and 2014. We identified 8996 admissions of patients treated with VKAs, of which 1507 (17%) involved an INR ≥ 4·5. The final model included the following predictors: gender, age, concomitant medication and several biochemical parameters. Temporal validation showed a c statistic of 0·71. We developed and validated a clinical prediction model for an INR ≥ 4·5 in VKA‐treated patients admitted to our hospital. The model includes factors that are collected during routine care and are extractable from electronic patient records, enabling easy use of this model to predict an increased bleeding risk in clinical practice.
Robot‐assisted transvesical partial prostatectomy using a purpose‐built single‐port robotic system
Authors: Kaouk Jihad H. , Sagalovich Daniel , Garisto Juan 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of robot‐assisted single‐port (SP) transvesical partial prostatectomy (TVPP) using a novel purpose‐built SP surgical platform in a pre‐clinical model.MethodsThe cadavers were placed in the lithotomy position. A 3‐cm midline incision was made in the suprapubic area 4‐cm from the symphisis pubis. After opening the Retzius space, an access mini device (GelPOINT; Applied Medical, Rancho Margarita, CA, USA) was introduced percutaneously directly into the bladder. The da Vinci SP1098 robotic platform (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was docked to the GelPOINT by inserting a novel SP cannula through the GelSeal Cap. The surgical steps for en bloc anterior prostatectomy were performed in the following order: (i) antegrade dissection of the transition zone at the bladder neck; (ii) lateral excision of the peripheral zone; and (iii) urethrovesical anastomosis. Primary outcomes, such as intra‐operative complications, rate of conversion to standard techniques and operating times, were recorded.ResultsThe SP‐TVPP procedure was technically completed in three male cadavers. All cases were completed successfully using the da Vinci SP1098 surgical system without conversion or the need for additional ports. There were no intra‐operative complications. The mean total operating time was 49.3 min.ConclusionRobot‐assisted TVPP is feasible using a novel purpose‐built SP surgical platform in a cadaver model. Future clinical evaluation in humans is needed for assessment on patients with anterior localized prostate cancer. Prospective comparison with other surgical platforms and standard techniques is warranted.