bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should I stay or should I go? Fishers’ ability and willingness to adapt to environmental change in Cambodia's Tonle Sap Lake
Authors: KC Krishna Bahadur , Seng Ratha , Fraser Evan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe livelihoods of people dependent on the Tonle Sap floodplain ecosystem in Cambodia are expected to be affected by changes in economic conditions, social circumstances, environmental perturbations, demographic shifts and political climates. This study assesses how small‐scale fisheries’ livelihoods are changing in response to social and environmental conditions using the opinions of fishers collected through an intensive family survey of 514 households from Pursat and Battambang Provinces in Cambodia. Probit modelling approach was used to assess whether a fisher would continue fishing or not in the future when subjected to a variety of shifting conditions and identify the factors associated with their response. It was found that in any future condition about 50% of fishers would likely continue to fish, which suggests how much they love their traditional livelihood of fishing. The remaining 50% considered to diversify their livelihood strategy by shifting towards a combination of fishing, farming, and off‐farm jobs. Furthermore, the analysis found that the fishers will change their fishing practices depending on how other sectors in the region develop. The model showed increasing access to agricultural activities decreased the likelihood of continuing to fish, whereas finding an off‐farm job corresponded to increased likelihood of continuing to fish.
Pathways of soil organic matter formation from above and belowground inputs in a Sorghum bicolor bioenergy crop
Authors: Fulton‐Smith Sarah , Cotrufo M. Francesca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhen aboveground materials are harvested for fuel production, such as with Sorghum bicolor, the sustainability of annual bioenergy feedstocks is influenced by the ability of root inputs to contribute to the formation and persistence of soil organic matter (SOM), and to soil fertility through nutrient recycling. Using 13C and 15N labeling, we traced sorghum root and leaf litter‐derived C and N for 19 months in the field as they were mineralized or formed SOM. Our in situ litter incubation experiment confirms that sorghum roots and leaves significantly differ in their inherent chemical recalcitrance. This resulted in different contributions to C and N storage and recycling. Overall root residues had higher biochemical recalcitrance which led to more C retention in soil (27%) than leaf residues (19%). However, sorghum root residues resulted in higher particulate organic matter (POM) and lower mineral associated organic matter (MAOM), deemed to be the most persistent fraction in soil, than leaf residues. Additionally, the overall higher root‐derived C retention in soil led to higher N retention, reducing the immediate recycling of fertility from root as compared to leaf decomposition. Our study, conducted in a highly aggregated clay‐loam soil, emphasized the important role of aggregates in new SOM formation, particularly the efficient formation of MAOM in microaggregate structures occluded within macroaggregates. Given the known role of roots in promoting aggregation, efficient formation of MAOM within aggregates can be a major mechanism to increase persistent SOM storage belowground when aboveground residues are removed. We conclude that promoting root inputs in S. bicolor bioenergy production systems through plant breeding efforts may be an effective means to counterbalance the aboveground residue removal. However, management strategies need to consider the quantity of inputs involved and may need to support SOM storage and fertility with additional organic matter additions.
Why tree lines are lower on islands—Climatic and biogeographic effects hold the answer
Authors: Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Kessler Michael , Conrad Olaf , Weigelt Patrick , Kreft Holger , König Christian , Zimmermann Niklaus E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the global position of tree line isotherms, compare it with observed local tree limits on islands and mainlands, and disentangle the potential drivers of a difference between tree line and local tree limit.LocationGlobal.Time period1979–2013.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe modelled the potential climatic tree line based on monthly temperatures and precipitation for the period 1979–2013. We then compared the potential tree line based on climate to observed tree limits at 26 oceanic islands, 55 continental islands and 382 mainland locations. The differences between potential tree line and observed tree limits was then analysed by regression with the islands’ maximum elevation, age, isolation, and area. Additionally, we estimated growing season temperature niches for 16,041 species known to occur in the vicinity of the studied tree lines, and compared them across mainlands, and islands of continental and oceanic origin.ResultsObserved local tree limits differ up to 2,066 m from the potential tree line at the mainland on oceanic islands. Climatic effects are responsible for a difference of up to 1,296 m between tree lines of mainland regions and oceanic islands (but only for 756 m for continental islands). On oceanic islands, a remaining difference of up to 829 m correlates with the isolation and the maximum elevation of an island. Floras of oceanic islands are however depauperate with respect to potential tree line species and species show an affinity to higher growing season temperatures.Main conclusionsClimate can explain about half of the differences between observed local tree limits and potential tree lines between the mainland and continental and oceanic islands. The remaining difference can be attributed to the higher isolation of oceanic islands, especially in the tropics, and as a consequence, a more depauperate flora and a lack of tree species that are able to grow at the tree line.
CD56bright natural killer cells exhibit abnormal phenotype and function in severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Chen Tong , Liu ChunYan , Li LiJuan , Liu Hui , Wang Ting , Shao ZongHong , Fu Rong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionCD56bright NK cells have been highlighted to serve immunoregulatory functions. However, their roles in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) have not been elucidated.MethodsHere, we investigated the quantities, phenotypes, cytokine secretion abilities, and the cytotoxicities of peripheral CD56bright NK cells along with CD56dim NK cells obtained from patients with SAA, SAA in remission (R‐SAA), and healthy controls (HC).ResultsWe observed the decreased quantities of CD56bright NK cells in SAA compared with in R‐SAA and HC. In SAA, the quantities of CD56bright NK cells correlated with the disease severity. Activating receptors NKp46 and NKp44 on CD56bright NK cells were upregulated while inhibiting receptor NKG2A was downregulated in SAA. CD56bright NK cells obtained from SAA patients produced increased IL‐10 and decreased IFN‐γ in vitro compared with cells obtained from HC, while TNF‐α and IL‐13 productions were not different between two groups. Under a 7‐day prestimulation with IL‐2 and IL‐12, the serum concentrations of which were higher in SAA patients, CD56bright NK obtained from HC also produced increased IL‐10 mRNAs. There were no differences of cytotoxicites between CD56bright NK cells in SAA and in HC.ConclusionWe discovered that CD56bright NK cells exhibited abnormal receptor expressions and cytokine production in SAA, and they were related with the severity of illness.
Macrophage ERα promoted invasion of endometrial cancer cell by mTOR/KIF5B‐mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Jing Xuanxuan , Peng Jin , Dou Yu , Sun Jintang , Ma Chao , Wang Qingjie , Zhang Lin , Luo Xia , Kong Beihua , Zhang Yun , Wang Lijie , Qu Xun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) exert tumor‐promoting effects. There have been reports that estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed on the infiltrating macrophages of endometriosis, ovarian cancer and lung cancer. However, the role of ERs in macrophages is not well characterized. In this study, we identified that ER alpha (ERα) expression on the macrophages of human endometrial cancer was positively correlated with cancer progression. Conditioned medium from selective ERα agonist‐treated M2 macrophages induced the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometrial cancer cells. However, this effect can be inhibited by ERα antagonist. Here, we showed that macrophages ERα‐engaged abundantly produced chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18), and its expression promoted the invasion of endometrial cancer cells by activating the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, whereas suppressing CCL18 abrogated these effects. Furthermore, we identified that CCL18 derived from TAMs upregulated KIF5B expression to promote EMT via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in endometrial cancer. Overall, our findings show how ERα‐engaged infiltrating macrophages initiate chronic inflammation and promote the aggressive progression of endometrial cancer cells. ERα‐positive TAMs act as drivers of endometrial cancer, which may become a potential therapeutic target.
The evolutionary response of mating system to heterosis
Authors: Harkness Alexander , Brandvain Yaniv , Goldberg Emma E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIsolation allows populations to diverge and to fix different alleles. Deleterious alleles that reach locally high frequencies contribute to genetic load, especially in inbred or selfing populations, in which selection is relaxed. In the event of secondary contact, the recessive portion of the genetic load is masked in the hybrid offspring, producing heterosis. This advantage, only attainable through outcrossing, should favour evolution of greater outcrossing even if inbreeding depression has been purged from the contributing populations. Why, then, are selfing‐to‐outcrossing transitions not more common? To evaluate the evolutionary response of mating system to heterosis, we model two monomorphic populations of entirely selfing individuals, introduce a modifier allele that increases the rate of outcrossing and investigate whether the heterosis among populations is sufficient for the modifier to invade and fix. We find that the outcrossing mutation invades for many parameter choices, but it rarely fixes unless populations harbour extremely large unique fixed genetic loads. Reversions to outcrossing become more likely as the load becomes more polygenic, or when the modifier appears on a rare background, such as by dispersal of an outcrossing genotype into a selfing population. More often, the outcrossing mutation instead rises to moderate frequency, which allows recombination in hybrids to produce superior haplotypes that can spread without the mutation's further assistance. The transience of heterosis can therefore explain why secondary contact does not commonly yield selfing‐to‐outcrossing transitions.
Prognostic significance of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis in Japan: A propensity score‐matching analysis
Authors: Hanai Tatsunori , Shiraki Makoto , Watanabe Satoshi , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Moriwaki Hisataka , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) represents the mildest form of the hepatic encephalopathy spectrum. This study aimed to clarify the prognostic significance of MHE in cirrhotic patients.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 357 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis. MHE was diagnosed using a neuropsychiatric test. A propensity score‐matching analysis was employed to adjust significant differences in the baseline characteristics between patients with and without MHE.ResultsOf 269 eligible patients, 56 patients (21%) were diagnosed as having MHE. The Child–Pugh score, model for end‐stage liver disease score, and serum ammonia levels were significantly increased, while serum albumin levels were reduced in patients with MHE. By contrast, no significant difference was found between the two groups in matched patients. During the median follow‐up period of 13.4 months, 67 patients (24.9%) died. Overall survival rates were significantly lower in patients with MHE (median, 25.4 vs 48.8 months; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–3.18; P = 0.038), stage III/IV hepatocellular carcinoma (HR, 6.32; 95% CI, 3.30–12.79; P < 0.001), the Child–Pugh score (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12–1.62; P = 0.002), and MHE (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.09–3.29; P = 0.024) were independently associated with mortality in all patients as well as in matched patients.ConclusionMinimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis, independent of hepatocellular carcinoma stage or Child–Pugh score.
Melasma: How hormones can modulate skin pigmentation
Authors: Filoni Angela , Mariano Maria , Cameli Norma 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe described—along with a genetic predisposition and exposure to sunlight, as the main factors for melasma development—pregnancy, hormonal therapies, and oral contraceptive pills. Whilst hormonal alteration or therapies are frequently reported in literature in association with melasma, studies analyzing the laboratoristic correlation are limited. We review data published on hormones variations both in women and males with melasma and report some peculiar clinical cases that further demonstrate how the relationship between hormone secretion and melasma development is difficult to be defined.
Investigation of human apoB48 metabolism using a new, integrated non‐steady‐state model of apoB48 and apoB100 kinetics
Authors: Björnson E. , Packard C. J. , Adiels M. , Andersson L. , Matikainen N. , Söderlund S. , Kahri J. , Sihlbom C. , Thorsell A. , Zhou H. , Taskinen M.‐R. , Borén J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTriglyceride‐rich lipoproteins and their remnants have emerged as major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. New experimental approaches are required that permit simultaneous investigation of the dynamics of chylomicrons (CM) and apoB48 metabolism and of apoB100 in very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL).MethodsMass spectrometric techniques were used to determine the masses and tracer enrichments of apoB48 in the CM, VLDL1 and VLDL2 density intervals. An integrated non‐steady‐state multicompartmental model was constructed to describe the metabolism of apoB48‐ and apoB100‐containing lipoproteins following a fat‐rich meal, as well as during prolonged fasting.ResultsThe kinetic model described the metabolism of apoB48 in CM, VLDL1 and VLDL2. It predicted a low level of basal apoB48 secretion and, during fat absorption, an increment in apoB48 release into not only CM but also directly into VLDL1 and VLDL2. ApoB48 particles with a long residence time were present in VLDL, and in subjects with high plasma triglycerides, these lipoproteins contributed to apoB48 measured during fasting conditions. Basal apoB48 secretion was about 50 mg day−1, and the increment during absorption was about 230 mg day−1. The fractional catabolic rates for apoB48 in VLDL1 and VLDL2 were substantially lower than for apoB48 in CM.DiscussionThis novel non‐steady‐state model integrates the metabolic properties of both apoB100 and apoB48 and the kinetics of triglyceride. The model is physiologically relevant and provides insight not only into apoB48 release in the basal and postabsorptive states but also into the contribution of the intestine to VLDL pool size and kinetics.
Sensory analysis of honey using Flash profile: A cross‐cultural comparison of Greek and Chinese panels
Authors: Price Elliott J. , Tang Rishi , El Kadri Hani , Gkatzionis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe sensory perception of six monofloral honey (vanilla fir, chestnut, pine, wild flower, orange blossom, wild thyme) was investigated using Flash profile sensory analysis, comparing Greek and Chinese subjects in combination with physicochemical and rheological properties. Chinese judges showed greater consensus agreement than the Greek for all samples except chestnut. The Chinese panel differentiated vanilla honey associated to granular texture and driven by thixotropic behavior. In relation to their familiarity with the product the Greek judges used considerably more terms than Chinese for Flash profile evaluation, despite a similar number of descriptors being generated. The results indicate the differing importance of honey properties in sensory perception between different cultures.Practical applicationsThis study is a first attempt at evaluating the sensory perception of honey by Flash profile and influence of culture on the generated vocabulary. It is relevant to situations where existing culture particularities (e.g., culture difference in the perception of sweetness intensity) are associated to food properties and/or differences exist in consumption and familiarity with the product.
Understanding consumer's perception and acceptance of bologna sausages with reduced sodium content and/or omega‐3 addition through conjoint analysis and focus group
Authors: Pires Manoela Alves , de Noronha Regina Lúcia Firmento , Trindade Marco Antonio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate consumer's perceptions of bologna with reduced sodium content and/or enriched with omega‐3. Two factors were selected, each one with two levels: sodium content (“more” or “less”) and omega‐3 addition (“with” or “without”). Four stimuli of bologna sausages were evaluated by 263 consumers in conjoint analysis (CA). The same stimuli were evaluated by focus group with two groups of eight participants in each one. CA showed that consumers attributed more relative importance to sodium content than omega‐3 addition. In fact, it was also observed in the focus group that consumers demonstrated lower knowledge about health benefits of omega‐3. Both techniques demonstrated that consumers approved and could consume the product with the claims: “less sodium and containing omega‐3.” Furthermore, the different consumer research techniques applied showed similar results regarding consumer's perception and acceptance about healthier meat products.Practical applicationsBologna sausage is an emulsified processed meat and has high acceptability among Brazilian people, but many consumers believe that it is not healthy. Understanding the perception of healthier bologna sausages is important information to industries that can drive production based on the consumer expectation.
In situ calibration of the Martian cratering chronology
Authors: Werner Stephanie C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCrater densities on planetary surfaces allow assessing relative ages but so far firm calibration of so‐called cratering‐chronology models is available only for the Moon and limited to the past 4.1 billion years. Most planetary geological time scales are still model‐dependent, and essentially constrained by meteorite ages or by comparison to (dynamical) solar system evolution models. Here we describe in situ calibration of the Martian cratering chronology using cosmogenic and radiogenic isotope ages obtained by the NASA Curiosity rover. We determined the cratering‐rate ratio between Moon and Mars for recent times, and extended the calibration of cratering rates to earlier times than those based exclusively on lunar data. Our preferred interpretation supports monotonic flux decay since at least 4.24 Ga and likely since about 4.45 Ga, implying orbital migration of the giant planets, and its direct, transient, dynamical effect on the planetesimal populations was initiated early. But only Martian Sample Return will provide strongly needed capability for distinction of the different models currently available.
DksA–RNA polymerase interactions support new origin formation and DNA repair in Escherichia coli
Authors: Myka Kamila K. , Küsters Kira , Washburn Robert , Gottesman Max E. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe formation of new replication origins (cSDR) and repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) in E. coli share a commonality. We find that the two processes require the RNAP‐associated factor, DksA. However, whereas cSDR also relies on (p)ppGpp, the alarmone molecule is dispensable for the repair of topoisomerase type II (Top II) DNA adducts and associated DSBs. The requirement for DksA in repair of nalidixic acid (Nal)‐induced DSBs or for the formation of new origins is not suppressed by a greA deletion mutation, indicating an active role of DksA rather than competition with GreA for insertion into the RNAP secondary channel. Like dksA mutations, transcription termination factor Rho mutations also confer sensitivity to Nal. The rho and dksA mutations are not epistatic, suggesting they involve different repair pathways. The roles of DksA in DSB repair and cSDR differ; certain DksA and RNAP mutants are able to support the first process, but not the latter. We suggest that new origin formation and DNA repair of protein adducts with DSBs may both involve the removal of RNAP without destruction of the RNA:DNA hybrid.
Very rare solitary primary peripheral nerve onset cytotoxic molecule‐positive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL)
Authors: Matsumoto Namiko , Sato Kota , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Kawahara Yuko , Yunoki Taijun , Shang Jingwei , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Sakamoto Maiko , Kondou Eisei , Shibata Rei , Yoshino Tadashi , Ozaki Toshifumi , Abe Koji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere we present the first report of solitary primary peripheral nerve onset cytotoxic molecule (CM)‐positive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) diagnosed after nerve biopsy. An 84‐year‐old female with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complained of asymmetric severe tenderness in her upper limbs. The biopsy pathology revealed a direct invasion of CM‐positive PTCL. When RA patients complain of numbness, tenderness, or weakness, lymphomatic peripheral nerve invasion should be considered.
Semi‐parametric Regression under Model Uncertainty: Economic Applications
Authors: Malsiner‐Walli Gertraud , Hofmarcher Paul , Grün Bettina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEconomic theory does not always specify the functional relationship between dependent and explanatory variables, or even isolate a particular set of covariates. This means that model uncertainty is pervasive in empirical economics. In this paper, we indicate how Bayesian semi‐parametric regression methods in combination with stochastic search variable selection can be used to address two model uncertainties simultaneously: (i) the uncertainty with respect to the variables which should be included in the model and (ii) the uncertainty with respect to the functional form of their effects. The presented approach enables the simultaneous identification of robust linear and nonlinear effects. The additional insights gained are illustrated on applications in empirical economics, namely willingness to pay for housing, and cross‐country growth regression.