bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF CHARACTER EDUCATION BASED ON HISTORY OF THE MATARAM KUNO KINGDOM IN THE 8TH-9TH AD
Authors: Raffi Arrazaq Naufal 
Published: August 2019

Abstrak Mataram Kuno merupakan kerajaan bercorak Hindu Buddha yang berkembang abad VIII-X Masehi. Kerajaan Mataram Kuno memiliki beberapa peninggalan sejarah. Salah satu wilayah yang menyimpan peninggalan sejarah Kerajaan Mataram Kuno adalah Kabupaten Magelang. Peninggalan sejarah yang ditemukan berupa candi, arca, dan prasasti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis corak pendidikan dan nilai pendidikan karakter berdasarkan sejarah Kerajaan Mataram Kuno abad VIII-X Masehi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah menurut Kuntowijoyo, dengan tahapan yaitu: (1) pemilihan topik, (2) pengumpulan sumber, (3) kritik sumber, (4) interpretasi, (5) penulisan sejarah. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, pendidikan di Kerajaan Mataram Kuno bercorak keagamaan. Hasil dari kegiatan pendidikan tersebut berupa pengetahuan di bidang keagamaan dan penanggalan atau astronomi. Nilai pendidikan karakter yang dapat dipelajari adalah local genius dan toleransi yang diwujudkan dalam bangunan candi. Nilai pendidikan karakter selanjutnya adalah kesetaraan gender. Berdasarkan prasasti yang ditemukan di Kabupaten Magelang dapat diketahui adanya pejabat perempuan di tingkat wanua. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan karakter, Mataram Kuno, Sejarah Abstract The Mataram Kuno Kingdom is a thriving Buddhist Hindu in 8th-9th centuries AD. The Mataram Kuno Kingdom has some historical relics. One area which houses historical relics of Mataram Kuno Kingdom is Magelang Regency. Historical heritage that is found in the form of temples, statues, and inscriptions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the pattern of education and character education based on the history of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom in 8th-9th centuries AD. This research uses the methods of historical research, according to Kuntowijoyo, by stages, namely: (1) selection of topics, (2) the collection of sources, (3) source criticism, (4) interpretation, (5) writing of history. The results of this study, namely, education in the religious institution of the ancient Mataram Kingdom. The result of these educational activities in the form of knowledge in the field of religious and astronomical or calendar. The value of character education that can be learned is local genius and tolerance is manifested in temple building. The value of the next character education was gender equality. Based on inscriptions found in Magelang Regency knowable existence of women officials at the level of wanua.Keywords: character education, the ancient Mataram, history
Antismoking Advertisements and Price Promotions and Their Association With the Urge to Smoke and Purchases in a Virtual Convenience Store: Randomized Experiment
Authors: Dutra Lauren McCarl , Nonnemaker James , Bradfield Brian , Taylor Nathaniel , Guillory Jamie , Feld Ashley , Kim Annice 
Published: August 2019

Background
Point of sale (POS) advertising is associated with smoking initiation, current smoking, and relapse among former smokers. Price promotion bans and antismoking advertisements (ads) are 2 possible interventions for combating POS advertising.

Objective
The purpose of this analysis was to determine the influence of antismoking ads and promotions on urges to smoke and tobacco purchases.

Methods
This analysis examined exposure to graphic (graphic images depicting physical consequences of tobacco use) and supportive (pictures of and supportive messages from former smokers) antismoking ads and promotions in a virtual convenience store as predictors of urge to smoke and buying tobacco products among 1200 current cigarette smokers and 800 recent quitters recruited via a Web-based panel (analytical n=1970). We constructed linear regression models for urge to smoke and logistic regression models for the odds of purchasing tobacco products, stratified by smoking status.

Results
The only significant finding was a significant negative relationship between exposure to supportive antismoking ads and urge to smoke among current smokers (beta coefficient=−5.04, 95% CI −9.85 to −0.22; P=.04). There was no significant relationship between graphic antismoking ads and urge to smoke among current smokers (coefficient=−3.77, 95% CI −8.56 to 1.02; P=.12). Neither relationship was significant for recent quitters (graphic: coefficient=−3.42, 95% CI −8.65 to 1.81; P=.15 or supportive: coefficient=−3.82, 95% CI −8.99 to 1.36; P=.20). There were no significant differences in urge to smoke by exposure to promotions for current smokers (coefficient=−1.06, 95% CI −4.53 to 2.41; P=.55) or recent quitters (coefficient=1.76, 95% CI −2.07 to 5.59; P=.37). There were also no differences in tobacco purchases by exposure to graphic (current smokers: coefficient=0.93, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.29; P=.66 and recent quitters: coefficient=0.73, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.19; P=.20) or supportive (current smokers: coefficient=1.05, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.46; P=.78 and recent quitters: coefficient=0.73, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.18; P=.20) antismoking ads or price promotions (current smokers: coefficient=1.09, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.38; P=.49 and recent quitters: coefficient=0.90, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.31; P=.60).

Conclusions
The results of this analysis support future research on the ability of supportive antismoking ads to reduce urges to smoke among current cigarette smokers. Research on urges to smoke has important tobacco control implications, given the relationship between urge to smoke and smoking cigarettes, time to next smoke, and amount smoked.
Pelarutan Emas pada Pelindian Konsentrat Emas Hasil Roasting Menggunakan Reagen Tiosianat
Authors: Mufakhir Fika Rofiek , Sinaga J M , Oediyani Soesaptri , Astuti Widi 
Published: August 2019

A B S T R A C TDissolution of gold from roasting concentrate of gold ore using potassium thiocyanate with the presence of ferric chloride as an oxidizer was investigated. The concentrate was taken from Lengkukai gold mine. Gold ore particles under 53 µm in size were roasted at varied temperature, separated using wet magnetic separator, and finally leached. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that there were phase changes after roasting with the emergence of new phases such as hematite, pyrrhotite, and almandine. Leaching of gold concentrate after roasting and magnetic separation showed that gold was in non-magnetic concentrate at 950oC with the highest gold dissolution of 0.95 mg/L, while magnet concentrate was completely absent. Experiments with the addition of Fe3+ ion oxidizers for 24-hour range did not have significant effect on gold dissolution. The highest gold concentration obtained of 2.29 mg/L was obtained at 12 hours with 0.1 M FeCl3. The increase of thiocyanate reagent concentrations, which showed a linear correlation to gold dissolution, produced up to 2.25 mg/L of gold concentration (12 hours at 0.3 M KSCN).Keywords: ferric ion gold dissolution; gold concentrate; roasting; thiocyanate A B S T R A KPelarutan emas dari konsentrat hasil roasting bijih emas tambang Lengkukai menggunakan reagen pelindi kalium tiosianat dengan penambahan ferric chloride sebagai oksidator telah diteliti. Partikel bijih emas dengan ukuran di bawah 53 µm di-roasting pada berbagai temperatur kemudian dipisahkan menggunakan pemisah magnetik basah dan akhirnya dilindi. Hasil analisis X-ray diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya perubahan fase setelah roasting dengan munculnya fase-fase baru yaitu hematit, pirohitit dan almandin. Pelindian konsentrat emas hasil roasting dan pemisahan magnetik menunjukan emas berada pada konsentrat non magnet temperatur roasting 950 oC dengan pelarutan emas paling tinggi sebesar 0,95 mg/L, berbeda dengan konsentrat magnet yang sama sekali tidak ada. Percobaan dengan penambahan oksidator ion Fe3+ selama rentang 24 jam tidak memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap pelarutan emas. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan konsentrasi emas tertinggi sebesar 2,29 mg/L pada 12 jam dengan konsentrasi FeCl3 0,1 M. Sedangkan penambahan konsentrasi reagen tiosianat, yang menunjukan hubungan linier terhadap pelarutan emas, menghasilkan konsentrasi besar hingga 2,25 mg/L selama 12 jam pada konsentrasi KSCN 0,3 M.Kata kunci: ion besi III; konsentrat emas; pelarutan emas; roasting; tiosianat
The Piriformis Syndrome: Evaluation of Seven Cases
Authors: Mousa Farhad Mustafa , Bakr Zainab Aziz 
Published: August 2019

Low back pain is one of the causes of Piriformis syndrome. Low back pain is the second most common medical complaints encountered by physicians. More than 50% of the population will complain of low back pain at the same time. Piriformis syndrome may constitute up to 5% of cases of low back pain, buttock pain, and lower limb pain. This is a prospective and case–control study. In this study, we study 268 cases with low back pain; in 268 cases, seven cases had Piriformis syndrome. We studied pain, severity pain, radicular pain, limping, and painful sitting. Evaluation of musculoskeletal, BMI, and physical examination of Piriformis sign, Freiberg sign, and pace sign. Neurological evaluation was taken by paraclinical examination elevated through X-ray, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and electromyography. Data as mean + standard deviation. And SPSS software for analysis. In 268 cases with conservative method, 100% of cases were cure treatment after 4 months, in contrast to surgery methods after 1 month. The result illustrated the significantly improved between two methods of treatment (P < 0.0025). In seven cases, four cases had a history of blunt trauma and one case had a history of surgery that after 6 months had complication of surgery and scare tissue that with the second surgery release of scare was done with 100% cure. Anomaly of Piriformis muscle was seen in one case that surgery was done. Tumor was seen in one case that had pressure effect on sciatic nerve that surgery was done. Heterotopic ossification was seen in two cases. BMI of all cases was in normal range. All cases with diagnosis of disc herniation were excluded from the study. They were need to surgical operation for herniated disc. Piriformis syndrome is differentiated primary from secondary type, in which it is done according to history and physical examination. According to the etiology of Piriformis syndrome, the treatments are different. If you see mass that compressed the sciatic nerve, you must remove it. If the patient had sacroiliitis, it must be treated in early phase. Surgery of Piriformis is not accepted by all surgeons. It is limited to release Piriformis tendon and insertion to femur.
Estudo exploratório sobre sazonalidade e dependência turística em locais receptores : reflexões sobre Santa Catarina e as relações com o fluxo turístico da Argentina = Primary study on seasonality and dependence on inbound tourist locals: reflections...
Authors: Nishi Lisandro Fin , Moser Giancarlo 
Published: August 2019

O turismo, pelas suas características, é uma atividade econômica particularmente atrelada às economias externas. Embora atraia divisas e, quando bem planejado, gera emprego e renda, esta relação de dependência enseja cautela. Este perigo aumenta ainda mais quando as regiões emissoras de turistas para a região são poucas, como é o caso de Santa Catarina. Este artigo mostra que o turismo catarinense é altamente dependente de seu país vizinho, a Argentina, fato que pode prejudicar sua economia. Sabe-se que o turismo na região é sazonal, com maior entrada de turistas nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro, período chamado de alta temporada, em que a entrada de turistas proveniente da Argentina representa a maioria dos turistas estrangeiros no estado. Ainda que seja inerente a dependência externa em se tratando de turismo, o que se pretende mostrar, através de revisão bibliográfica, é que no caso específico de Santa Catarina esta dependência é pode causar efeitos danosos. Conclui-se que Santa Catarina necessita diversificar as regiões emissoras de turistas, com objetivo de diminuir tal dependência e fortalecer seu desenvolvimento econômico.
Mosaico Fluido - um possível modelo para compreender o Turismo
Authors: Brasileiro Iara Lúcia Gomes 
Published: August 2019

Propõe-se, neste artigo, a adoção de um modelo emprestado da Biologia para membranas celulares em que os elementos estruturantes são vistos de forma a expressar a maneira dinâmica com que ocorrem as relações entre os meios interno e externo, e dentro da própria unidade. Sugere-se o Modelo do "Mosaico Fluido", relacionando-o, a título de exemplo, a modelos consagrados como os de Beni e de Leiper. Para tanto, foram realizadas breves reflexões sobre sistemas e modelos, aliando-os a alguns conceitos e definições do Turismo, assim como um curto histórico do estabelecimento dos modelos para as membranas biológicas.
Reflexões sobre a elaboração de projetos de Geoparque a partir da perspectiva do território
Authors: Novaes Vinícius Weitzel , Pena Luiz Carlos Spiller 
Published: August 2019

O território não abarca somente o patrimônio físico de um país, mas também suas estruturas produtivas e os espaços de reprodução da sociedade, através de um processo de construção histórica, social e econômica de uma dada localidade. Isto posto, quando da elaboração de um projeto de geoparque e, posteriormente, sua respectiva implementação, necessária se faz a abordagem da territorialidade, de forma a compreender as nuances do espaço e de suas comunidades inseridas e em contínuo movimento. Com isso o Geoparque, como aliado na preservação no patrimônio geológico, poderá incrementar o fenômeno turístico da região, desenvolvendo a geoeducação bem como empoderando a sociedade local.
“Para que tudo permaneça como é, é necessário que tudo mude”: O niilismo de O Leopardo de Lampedusa e o niilismo cristão kierkegaardiano no século das mudanças
Authors: Paula Marcio Gimenes de 
Published: August 2019

Não parece haver, ao menos num primeiro olhar, qualquer ponto de convergência entre a literatura de Lampedusa e a filosofia de Kierkegaard. Contudo, com um pouco mais de investigação, tal percepção revela-se falsa. Ambos os autores situam-se no século XIX e, nesse sentido, há forte conexão entre ambos a partir de uma análise histórica, filosófica e política. É verdade que o italiano escreve no século XX, mas o faz descrevendo o século anterior, período onde o dinamarquês produziu a sua obra. O autor siciliano aborda em sua literatura um dos temas mais instigantes do século XIX, a saber, a descrença em mudanças políticas. Segundo avaliamos, tal concepção possui afinidades com um certo niilismo cristão presente na obra kierkegaardiana. Desse modo, nosso intuito é observar como os dois autores, mesmo não se conhecendo, foram capazes de construir ligações significativas entre o sul da Itália e o mundo nórdico e, assim, numa visão panorâmica desses séculos, parecem muito mais próximos do que se poderia a princípio imaginar. Para tanto, dividiremos nosso artigo do seguinte modo: num primeiro momento, abordaremos aspectos da obra O Leopardo de Lampedusa e suas possíveis conexões com o pensamento kierkegaardiano. Na sequência, apresentaremos uma análise do tema do niilismo a partir da interpretação da obra de Karl Löwith. Por fim, concluiremos com uma aproximação entre os dois niilismos: o de Lampedusa e o de Kierkegaard.
Wrocław - od samorządowej gminy do miasta na prawach powiatu
Authors: Nowakowski Rafał 
Published: August 2019

Z dniem 1 stycznia 1999 r. weszły w życie regulacje wprowadzające trójstopniowy podział administracyjny kraju. Pakiet ustaw reformujących administrację publiczną w kraju w duchu decentralizacji i przywrócenia samorządu ponadlokalnego oraz regionalnego dopełniał reformę gminną z 1990 r. Stolicą nowego województwa dolnośląskiego stał się Wrocław, którego władze od jesieni 1993 r. uczestniczyły w eksperymencie rządowym. Miał on na celu przetestowanie rozwiązań poprzedzających odbudowę powiatów. Tzw. pilotaż miejski, najpierw z przyczyn finansowych i organizacyjnych, a następnie politycznych okazał się dla władz miasta trudnym wyzwaniem. Poszerzenie zakresu zadań i kompetencji samorządu miejskiego doprowadziło do kontrowersji na linii rząd-samorząd. Z końcem 1995 r. pilotaż zastąpiony został tzw. ustawą miejską obowiązującą do końca 1998 r., która przekazała do zadań własnych miasta na trwałe szereg nowych zadań. Z kolei reforma powiatowa wyniosła Wrocław do miasta na prawach powiatu – szczególnej konstrukcji ustrojowej - przynosząc gminie szereg dodatkowych zadań i kompetencji.
Analisis Laju Distribusi Cemaran Kadmium (Cd) di Perairan Sungai Jeneberang Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Masriadi Masriadi , Patang Patang , Ernawati Ernawati 
Published: August 2019

Limbah umumnya banyak mengandung logam berat seperti kadmium (Cd) yang dapat mencemari lingkungan terutama di wilayah perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi cemaran logam berat kadmium (Cd) di perairan sungai Jeneberang kabupaten Gowa dan pengaruh kadmium terhadap kualitas air dengan parameter suhu, pH dan oksigen terlarut (DO). Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriktif dengan menggunakan metode survei, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel air, ikan dan tanah pada lima lokasi stasiun berbeda yakni, stasiun 1 di daerah hulu sungai, stasiun 2 di sekitar bendungan Bili-bili, stasiun 3 di sekitar Jembatan Kembar Kabupaten Gowa, stasiun 4 di daerah hilir sungai dan stasiun 5 di sekitar pantai Losari Makassar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pencemaran logam berat kadmium (Cd) pada air, tanah dan ikan hasil tangkapan di perairan sungai Jeneberang kabupaten Gowa masih dibawah dari nilai ambang batas yang menandakan bahwa perairan sungai Jeneberang masih belum tercemar kadmium (Cd).[Q1] Parameter kualitas air tersebut yang meliputi suhu, pH dan oksigen terlarut (DO) masih pada batas yang sesuai untuk kehidupan organisme perairan. [Q1]Data yang menjelaskan hasil penelitian tidak ada pada abstrak sehingga pernyataan soal hasilnya jd tidak jelas atau masi membingungkan pembaca.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Nelayan (Studi Kasus Di Kelurahan Takkalasi Kecamatan Balusu Kabupaten Barru)
Authors: Nurhaeda Nurhaeda , Dangnga Muhammad Siri , Nurhapsah Nurhapsah 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian yang dilakukan di Kelurahan Takkalasi Kecamatan Balusu Kabupaten Barru bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan nelayan. Penelitian ini bersifat penelitian survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif terhadap 50 orang nelayan sebagai sampel dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa secara parsial variabel modal, pengalaman dan cuaca berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan nelayan. Secara parsial variabel tenaga kerja dan lama melaut tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan nelayan di wilayah ini.
UNSUR PEMBENTUK FRASA EKSOSENTRIS DALAM HIKAYAT HANG TUAH
Authors: Bintari Kartika , Sumarlam Sumarlam 
Published: August 2019

Exocentric Phrase Forming Elements in Hikayat Hang Tuah. The purpose of this study was to describe the exocentric phrase forming elements in Hikayat Hang Tuah. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with the object of research in the form of phrases in Hikayat Hang Tuah. The data in this study are sentences containing exocentric phrases from data sources in the form of Hikayat Hang Tuah book documents. Observation techniques are used in data collection techniques, while the data analysis method in this study is the agih method with techniques for direct elements as a basic technique and advanced techniques in the form of sloping techniques. In Hikayat Hang Tuah there are three types of exocentric phrases (1) exocentric phrases directive with phrase-forming elements in the form of prepositions+nouns; (2) nondirective exocentric phrases with phrase-forming elements, namely particles/designations +adjectives and particles/word designations+nouns; and (3) connective exocentric phrases which form the phrase in the form of conjunctions+verbs. The diversity of linguistic elements in Hikayat Hang Tuah shows the manifestation of literary works as a manifestation of the richness of language.
Characteristic of plasmids of <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> isolated in Belarus
Authors: Evdokimova O. V. , Chindareva M. A. , Valentovich L. N. 
Published: August 2019

In current study plasmids (size from 6.2 to 8.5 kb) copied with the “rolling circle” mechanism (RCR type) of the pC194 family have been identified in environmental bacteria Bacillus pumilus. It is shown that these extrachromosomal elements are widely distributed in B. pumilus bacteria circulating on the territory of Belarus (19 strains from 41 contain RCRplasmids) and they are characterized by genetic polymorphism. The most common extrachromosomal genetic elements (7.7 kb size) are identical to the plasmid pBp15.1S from the entomopathogenic strain B. pumilus 15.1. The remaining 6 type of plasmids differ from each other and from the known extrachromosomal genetic elements of genus Bacillus. In the investigated bacteria no replicons similar to pLS20 were detected.
Bioindication approach to the ecological status of the territories by morphological and cytogenetic indicators of plants
Authors: Lozinskaya О. V. , Melnov S. V. , Sergeeva T. P. , Kipen V. N. 
Published: August 2019

The ecological status of the technologically transformed and natural territories of Belarushas been ranked by changing the morphometric and cytogenetic indices of separate vegetative organs (lamina and root) in three model species of phytoindicators. Based on the results of multidimensional scaling (bootstrap (1000)), 3 clusters have been identified: the first combines the territories of large urban cenoses (Gomel+ Minsk), the second includes part of the republic territory most exposed to radiation pollution (Khoyniki + PSRER exclusion zone), and the third acts as a standard of the state of the environment (Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve). The suitability of plants of various taxonomic groups (Betula pendula Roth., Trifolium repens L., Allium cepa L.) as bioindicators for assessing the state of the natural environment has been shown.
Médicos y depresión: una responsabilidad de todos en la sociedad
Authors: Martinez-Ávila Maria Cristina , Castillo-Porras Liz Adriana , Velandia-Plata Maryudi , Ramírez-Guerrero Maria Gabriela 
Published: August 2019

Sra. editora:
En la actualidad, los casos de depresión y, a su vez, el fatal desenlace del suicidio, son cada vez más frecuentes. De acuerdo con los datos reportados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, cerca de 3,000 personas se suicidan cada día en el mundo (lo que equivale a una cada 30 segundos) y otras 60,000 intentan hacerlo, pero no lo logran, haciendo que tal situación cobre gran importancia (1). Tal vez, debido a que se esté dejando de lado, omitiendo, la problemática de salud mental es vista como un problema que nos estorba y no como un problema que requiere pronta atención y solución. De esta problemática los médicos no están exentos: se puede ver, en este grupo, un notorio aumento en tasas de depresión y ansiedad, por encima de lo observado en la población en general. Por lo tanto, el tema del suicidio demanda atención; siendo así, se enfocará su abordaje hacia el personal de salud y, entre estos, a los médicos.