bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean Circulation in the Western Gulf of Mexico Using Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: Meza‐Padilla Rafael , Enriquez Cecilia , Liu Yonggang , Appendini Christian M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ocean circulation in the western Gulf of Mexico is influenced by Loop Current eddies (LCEs), which affect the thermohaline structure and distribution of environmental variables as well as the design and management of offshore structures and maritime activities. In this study, we assess the ocean circulation and its variability by applying dual self‐organizing maps (SOMs) to a 20‐year data set (1993–2012) of salinity and currents at a depth of 200 m from a Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model. The geospatial variability is characterized via a 7 × 7 SOM, which is further grouped into seven patterns, while the temporal variability is characterized as six distinct regions using a 2 × 3 SOM. The influence of LCEs on the upper slope occurs along the 200‐m isobath, a zone under constant pressure by strong currents from impacting eddies. The temporal pattern variability also reveals a clear zone of LCE impact on the continental slope (between latitudes 22°N and 25°N) and a dominant offshore transport pattern around latitudes 25°N to 26°N. A rectified wavelet power spectral analysis reveals a frequency of LCE impact oscillating around four to five months with an estimated ring lifespan of 1 year.
Characterization of Suspended Particle Size Distribution in Global Highly Turbid Waters From VIIRS Measurements
Authors: Shi Wei , Wang Menghua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNormalized water‐leaving radiance spectranLw(λ) at the near‐infrared (NIR) bands from six years of observations (2012–2017) with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on‐board the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership are used to derive both the power law slopeηof the particle backscattering coefficient spectrabbp(λ) and the particle size power law slopeξfor turbid coastal and inland waters. Based on the fact that the absorption coefficient of sea wateraw(λ) is generally much larger than those of the other constituentsaiop(λ) at the NIR wavelengths in coastal and inland waters, a NIR‐basedbbp(λ) algorithm for turbid waters has been used to derive the power law slopeη. A three‐order polynomial function betweenηandξin Kostadinov et al. (2009,https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005303) is applied to calculate the particle size slopeξ. Seasonal and interannual variations ofηandξin China's east coastal region, the Amazon River Estuary, the La Plata River Estuary, the Meghna River Estuary, and the Atchafalaya River Estuary are characterized and quantified. Except for the Amazon River Estuary,ηandξhave significant seasonal dependence in these highly turbid regions. Among the global highly turbid waters, the Meghna River Estuary shows the most significant seasonal variations inηandξwith the largest particle size in the surface layer. The peaks of the climatologyηandξare at ~ −1.2 and 3.2 in the Meghna River Estuary, respectively. Particle size parametersηandξare also shown to be related to the magnitude ofnLw(λ) (orbbp(λ)) at the NIR bands with strong regional dependence. This study demonstrates thatηandξincrease from the inshore to offshore regions in these highly turbid waters, illustrating the more large particles in the inshore waters than the offshore ocean regions. In addition, wind and precipitation data in the Amazon River Estuary and Meghna River Estuary show that wind forcing is the major driver for the particle size distribution dynamics in these highly turbid water regions.
Seismic Characterization of Debris Flows: Insights into Energy Radiation and Implications for Warning
Authors: Coviello V. , Arattano M. , Comiti F. , Macconi P. , Marchi L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDebris flows represent a major hazard in mountainous areas, due to their rapid motion along steep channels and to the transport of large sediment volumes, including large boulders. In this paper, we present data of channelized debris flows characterized by different velocities and sediment concentrations recorded in an instrumented channel reach of the Gadria basin (eastern Italian Alps). From the analysis of the seismic energy produced by the interaction of solid particles with channel boundaries, we show that (i) the peak amplitudes are representative of the kinetic energy of each surge and (ii) most energy transfer occurs during the passage of the surge fronts. Then, we propose a debris flow detection algorithm based on the amplitude information gathered from a linear array of geophones installed along the channel. The short time average over long time average ratio of the seismic signal is used to early detect the debris flow occurrence in a continuous stream of seismic data. The algorithm recognizes moving, long‐lasting sources of ground vibration (i.e., debris flows) and filters out different seismic sources (i.e., anthropic noise, earthquakes, and rockfalls). The alarm is triggered when the short time average/long time average threshold is exceeded on two geophones, progressively with time from upstream to downstream. The algorithm is employed in the early warning system installed for research purposes at Gadria. Complementary data (rainfalls, flow stage measurements, and video recordings) permitted a detailed event characterization and alarm validation. During three monitoring seasons, all debris flows were successfully detected, with the alarm lasting for their entire duration, and no false positives were produced.
Real‐Time Techniques for Interpretation of Ionospheric Backscatter Sounding Data
Authors: Penzin M. S. , Ponomarchuk S. N. , Grozov V. P. , Kurkin V. I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present techniques and algorithms for automatic processing and interpretation of data of ionospheric backscatter sounding (BS) using a continuous chirp signal. Experimental ionograms are processed based on data filtration with further compression using the cellular automaton method. Interpretation of signals in a backscatter ionogram is carried out by calculating the backscatter leading edge. Slightly changing ratios of frequency dependences for group characteristics of oblique sounding and BS signals in various heliogeophysical conditions are used. Parameters of radio wave propagation are calculated within the waveguide approach using the International Reference Ionosphere model. The results of interpretation for a BS ionogram allow quick determination of maximum usable frequencies, from which characteristics of oblique sounding signals are corrected for given radio paths in the sounding sector of interest.
Hydrogen Limits Carbon in Liquid Iron
Authors: Hirose Kei , Tagawa Shoh , Kuwayama Yasuhiro , Sinmyo Ryosuke , Morard Guillaume , Ohishi Yasuo , Genda Hidenori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMelting experiments were performed on the Fe‐C‐H system to 127 GPa in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell. On the basis of in situ and ex situ sample characterizations, we found that the solubility of carbon in liquid Fe correlates inversely with hydrogen concentration at ~60 GPa and ~3500 K, indicating that liquid Fe preferentially incorporates hydrogen rather than carbon under conditions with abundant C and H. While large amounts of both C and H may have been delivered to the growing Earth, C‐poor/H‐rich metals were likely added to the protocore in the late stages of core formation. We also obtained a melting curve of FeHx (x > 1) far beyond the pressure range in earlier determinations. Its liquidus temperature was found to be 2380 K at 135 GPa, lower than those of Fe alloyed with the other possible core light elements. Relatively low core temperature is thus supported by the presence of hydrogen.
Lead and Antimony in Basal Ice From Col du Dome (French Alps) Dated With Radiocarbon: A Record of Pollution During Antiquity
Authors: Preunkert Susanne , McConnell Joseph R. , Hoffmann Helene , Legrand Michel , Wilson Andrew I. , Eckhardt Sabine , Stohl Andreas , Chellman Nathan J. , Arienzo Monica M. , Friedrich Ronny 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLead and antimony measurements in basal ice from the Col du Dome glacier document heavy metal pollution in western Europe associated with emissions from mining and smelting operations during European antiquity. Radiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction in the ice suggests that the basal ice dates to ~5,000 ± 600 cal years BP. In agreement with a precisely dated Greenland lead record, the Col du Dome record indicates two periods of significant lead pollution during the Roman period, that is, the last centuries before the Common Era to the second century of the Common Era. Atmospheric modeling and the Col du Dome record consistently show an overall magnitude of the lead perturbation 100 times larger than in the Greenland record. Antimony closely tracked lead, with antimony pollution about 2 orders of magnitude lower, consistent with European peat records.
Neuro-musculoskeletal flexible multibody simulation yields a framework for efficient bone failure risk assessment
Authors: Geier Andreas , Kebbach Maeruan , Soodmand Ehsan , Woernle Christoph , Kluess Daniel , Bader Rainer 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFragility fractures are a major socioeconomic problem. A non-invasive, computationally-efficient method for the identification of fracture risk scenarios under the representation of neuro-musculoskeletal dynamics does not exist. We introduce a computational workflow that integrates modally-reduced, quantitative CT-based finite-element models into neuro-musculoskeletal flexible multibody simulation (NfMBS) for early bone fracture risk assessment. Our workflow quantifies the bone strength via the osteogenic stresses and strains that arise due to the physiological-like loading of the bone under the representation of patient-specific neuro-musculoskeletal dynamics. This allows for non-invasive, computationally-efficient dynamic analysis over the enormous parameter space of fracture risk scenarios, while requiring only sparse clinical data. Experimental validation on a fresh human femur specimen together with femur strength computations that were consistent with literature findings provide confidence in the workflow: The simulation of an entire squat took only 38 s CPU-time. Owing to the loss (16% cortical, 33% trabecular) of bone mineral density (BMD), the strain measure that is associated with bone fracture increased by 31.4%; and yielded an elevated risk of a femoral hip fracture. Our novel workflow could offer clinicians with decision-making guidance by enabling the first combined in-silico analysis tool using NfMBS and BMD measurements for optimized bone fracture risk assessment.
A new class of protein biomarkers based on subcellular distribution: application to a mouse liver cancer model
Authors: Sajic Tatjana , Ciuffa Rodolfo , Lemos Vera , Xu Pan , Leone Valentina , Li Chen , Williams Evan G. , Makris Georgios , Banaei-Esfahani Amir , Heikenwalder Mathias , Schoonjans Kristina , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo-date, most proteomic studies aimed at discovering tissue-based cancer biomarkers have compared the quantity of selected proteins between case and control groups. However, proteins generally function in association with other proteins to form modules localized in particular subcellular compartments in specialized cell types and tissues. Sub-cellular mislocalization of proteins has in fact been detected as a key feature in a variety of cancer cells. Here, we describe a strategy for tissue-biomarker detection based on a mitochondrial fold enrichment (mtFE) score, which is sensitive to protein abundance changes as well as changes in subcellular distribution between mitochondria and cytosol. The mtFE score integrates protein abundance data from total cellular lysates and mitochondria-enriched fractions, and provides novel information for the classification of cancer samples that is not necessarily apparent from conventional abundance measurements alone. We apply this new strategy to a panel of wild-type and mutant mice with a liver-specific gene deletion of Liver receptor homolog 1 (Lrh-1hep−/−), with both lines containing control individuals as well as individuals with liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Lrh-1 gene deletion attenuates cancer cell metabolism in hepatocytes through mitochondrial glutamine processing. We show that proteome changes based on mtFE scores outperform protein abundance measurements in discriminating DEN-induced liver cancer from healthy liver tissue, and are uniquely robust against genetic perturbation. We validate the capacity of selected proteins with informative mtFE scores to indicate hepatic malignant changes in two independent mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thus demonstrating the robustness of this new approach to biomarker research. Overall, the method provides a novel, sensitive approach to cancer biomarker discovery that considers contextual information of tested proteins.
Evaluation of DNA interaction, genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by iron oxide nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo: attenuation by thymoquinone
Authors: Ansari Mohd Owais , Parveen Nuzhat , Ahmad Md Fahim , Wani Ab Latif , Afrin Shumaila , Rahman Yusra , Jameel Sana , Khan Yasir Akhtar , Siddique Hifzur R. , Tabish Mohammad , Shadab G. G. H. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are known to induce cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the studies on its potential to induce toxicity in normal cell lines and in vivo system are limited and ambiguity still exists. Additionally, small molecules are known to interact with the DNA and cause damage to the DNA. The present study is designed to evaluate the potential interaction of IONPs with DNA along with their other toxicological effects and subsequent attenuation by thymoquinone both in vitro (primary lymphocytes) and in vivo (Wistar rats). IONPs were characterized by TEM, SEM-EDS, and XRD. The results from DNA interaction studies showed that IONPs formed a complex with DNA and also got intercalated between the base pairs of the DNA. The decrease in percent cell viability of rat’s lymphocytes was observed along with an increase in ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/ml of IONPs). The genetic damage in in vivo might be due to the generation of ROS as depletion in anti-enzymatic activity was observed along with an increase in lipid peroxidation in a dose–dependent manner (25, 50, 100 mg/kg of IONPs). Interestingly, supplementation of thymoquinone in combination with IONPs has significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the genetic and oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. It can be concluded that thymoquinone has the potential to attenuate the oxidative stress and genetic toxicity in vitro and in vivo.
A rat model of complete atrioventricular block recapitulates clinical indices of bradycardia and provides a platform to test disease-modifying therapies
Authors: Kim Nam Kyun , Wolfson David , Fernandez Natasha , Shin Minji , Cho Hee Cheol 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComplete atrioventricular block (CAVB) is a life-threatening arrhythmia. A small animal model of chronic CAVB that properly reflects clinical indices of bradycardia would accelerate the understanding of disease progression and pathophysiology, and the development of therapeutic strategies. We sought to develop a surgical model of CAVB in adult rats, which could recapitulate structural remodeling and arrhythmogenicity expected in chronic CAVB. Upon right thoracotomy, we delivered electrosurgical energy subepicardially via a thin needle into the atrioventricular node (AVN) region of adult rats to create complete AV block. The chronic CAVB animals developed dilated and hypertrophied ventricles with preserved systolic functions due to compensatory hemodynamic remodeling. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which are difficult to induce in the healthy rodent heart, could be induced upon programmed electrical stimulation in chronic CAVB rats and worsened when combined with β-adrenergic stimulation. Focal somatic gene transfer of TBX18 to the left ventricular apex in the CAVB rats resulted in ectopic ventricular beats within days, achieving a de novo ventricular rate faster than the slow atrioventricular (AV) junctional escape rhythm observed in control CAVB animals. The model offers new opportunities to test therapeutic approaches to treat chronic and severe CAVB which have previously only been testable in large animal models.
Environmental contaminants modulate the transcriptional activity of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA)
Authors: Routti Heli , Berg Mari K. , Lille-Langøy Roger , Øygarden Lene , Harju Mikael , Dietz Rune , Sonne Christian , Goksøyr Anders 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alfa (PPARA/NR1C1) is a ligand activated nuclear receptor that is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in tissues with high fatty acid catabolism such as the liver. Here, we cloned PPARA from polar bear liver tissue and studied in vitro transactivation of polar bear and human PPARA by environmental contaminants using a luciferase reporter assay. Six hinge and ligand-binding domain amino acids have been substituted in polar bear PPARA compared to human PPARA. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) and perfluorosulfonic acids induced the transcriptional activity of both human and polar bear PPARA. The most abundant PFCA in polar bear tissue, perfluorononanoate, increased polar bear PPARA-mediated luciferase activity to a level comparable to that of the potent PPARA agonist WY-14643 (~8-fold, 25 μM). Several brominated flame retardants were weak agonists of human and polar bear PPARA. While single exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls did not, or only slightly, increase the transcriptional activity of PPARA, a technical mixture of PCBs (Aroclor 1254) strongly induced the transcriptional activity of human (~8-fold) and polar bear PPARA (~22-fold). Polar bear PPARA was both quantitatively and qualitatively more susceptible than human PPARA to transactivation by less lipophilic compounds.
IL-37 increases in patients after ischemic stroke and protects from inflammatory brain injury, motor impairment and lung infection in mice
Authors: Zhang Shenpeng R. , Nold Marcel F. , Tang Sung-Chun , Bui Christine B. , Nold Claudia A. , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Drummond Grant R. , Sobey Christopher G. , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPost-stroke inflammation may contribute to secondary brain injury and systemic immunosuppression. Interleukin(IL)-37 is an immunosuppressive cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily with no mouse homologue yet identified, the effects of which have not been studied in stroke. Here we report: (1) the effect of ischemic stroke on circulating IL-37 in humans; and (2) the effect of IL-37 on stroke outcome measures in mice transgenic for human IL-37 (IL-37tg). We found that in the first 3 days after ischemic stroke in 55 patients, the plasma abundance of IL-37 was ~2-fold higher than in 24 controls. In IL-37tg mice, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion resulted in marked increases in plasma IL-37 (~9-fold) and brain IL-37 mRNA (~7,000-fold) at 24 h compared with sham-operated IL-37tg mice. Further, compared with wild-type (WT) mice subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, IL-37tg mice exhibited less severe locomotor deficit, smaller cerebral infarcts and reduced bacterial lung infection. In the ischemic hemisphere, there were 60% fewer pro-inflammatory microglia-macrophages and up to 4-fold higher expression of anti-inflammatory markers in IL-37tg compared to WT mice. Our data show that IL-37 expression is increased following ischemic stroke in humans and IL-37tg mice, and may exert protective effects by modulating post-stroke inflammation in the brain and periphery.
Circular RNAS: novel biomarkers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: Cortes Raquel , Forner Maria J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by acting as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and modulating gene transcription. Several studies support the implication of circRNAs in a variety of human diseases, but research on the role of circRNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lacking. In a study recently published in Clinical Science (2018), Zhang et al. identified hsa_circ_0012919 as a potential biomarker of disease activity in SLE patients. The authors observed different circRNA expression between SLE patients and healthy controls, an association with clinical variables and with the abnormal DNA methylation present in SLE CD4+ T cells. Finally, Zhang et al. demonstrated that hsa_circ_0012919 acts as a miRNA sponge for miR-125a-3p, regulating the gene expression of targets RANTES and KLF13 that are involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammatory processes. These findings support the role of circRNAs in the pathophysiology of SLE.
Isotropic non-Gaussian gNL-like toy models that reproduce cosmic microwave background anomalies
Authors: Hansen F. K. , Trombetti T. , Bartolo N. , Natale U. , Liguori M. , Banday A. J. , Górski K. M. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Based on recent observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), claims of statistical anomalies in the properties of the CMB fluctuations have been made. Although the statistical significance of the anomalies remains only at the ∼2−3σ significance level, the fact that there are many different anomalies, several of which support a possible deviation from statistical isotropy, has motivated a search for models that provide a common mechanism to generate them.
Aims. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether these anomalies could originate from non-Gaussian cosmological models, and to determine what properties these models should have.
Methods. We present a simple isotropic, non-Gaussian class of toy models that can reproduce six of the most extensively studied anomalies. We compare the presence of anomalies found in simulated maps generated from the toy models and from a standard model with Gaussian fluctuations.
Results. We show that the following anomalies, as found in the Planck data, commonly occur in the toy model maps: (1) large-scale hemispherical asymmetry (large-scale dipolar modulation), (2) small-scale hemispherical asymmetry (alignment of the spatial distribution of CMB power over all scales ℓ = [2, 1500]), (3) a strongly non-Gaussian hot or cold spot, (4) a low power spectrum amplitude for ℓ <  30, including specifically (5) a low quadrupole and an unusual alignment between the quadrupole and the octopole, and (6) parity asymmetry of the lowest multipoles. We note that this class of toy model resembles models of primordial non-Gaussianity characterised by strongly scale-dependent gNL-like trispectra.