bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax Acquisition toward a Child in Islamic Review
Authors: , Reflianto , Ariani Farida , Afnita Nora 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of research is to explore how a baby girl getting the experience of language acquisition in the line of phonology, morphology and syntactic. The research method was descriptive qualitative research by case study design. The subject of research was a baby girl at 2.5 years old. The study took three months was started from September to November 2018 in the village of Koto Pulai, Koto Tangah District of Padang City. Results of the research showed that a baby girl has been able to pronounce some phonemes and words, although still limited to the environmental language and objects are presented nearby her. At the age of 2.5 years old, a baby girl was able to use nouns and verbs and can make simple sentences in the form of declarative, imperative and interrogative sentences involving 2-3 words as a syntax. The process of sounding production when seeing from the Islamic teachings can be understood that each time of a child born out, he or she acquired the language from his or her mother and family. Islam said this process of a baby knowing the surrounding object names as mentioned in Al Quran in verse 31 of Al-Baqara
Kemampuan berpikir kritis dan komunikasi matematis siswa SMP dalam pembelajaran problem posing berbasis kearifan lokal Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Noor Fahriza , Ranti Mayang Gadih 
Published: February 2019

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dan komunikasi matematis siswa dalam pembelajaran problem posing berbasis kearifan lokal Kalimantan Selatan. Metode penelitian ini adalah pretest and posttest two group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas 7A dan 7B di SMPN 1 Banjarbaru. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen tes. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan (1) tidak terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran problem posing berbasis kearifan lokal Kalimantan Selatan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa; (2) tidak terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal Kalimantan Selatan terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa; (3) secara deskriptif pembelajaran problem posing berbasis kearifan lokal Kalimantan Selatan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional dalam kemampuan berpikir kritis dan komunikasi matematis siswa.
Ameliyat esnasında gelişen Akut Adrenal Yetmezlik: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: UÇKUN Serkan , KUZUCUOĞLU Tamer , TEMİZEL Feriha 
Published: February 2019

Olgu: 60 yaşında kadın hasta; karın ağrısı,
kusma ve ateş şikayetleriyle acil servise başvurdu. Muayenesinde bilinç açık,
koopereydi. Ateş 38.5C, Glaskov koma skoru 14, kan basıncı 135/82 mmHg, kalp
atım hızı 74/dakika, SpO2 %97 idi. Hasta akut batın tanısıyla acil operasyona
alındı. Operasyonun 35. Dakikasında yeterli sıvı desteği ve vazoaktif-inotrop
ilaçlara yanıtsız hipotansiyon (65/34) gelişti. Kan gazında gözlenen
hipoglisemi (50mg/dl), hiponatremi ve hiperpotasemi Akut Adrenal
Yetmezliği destekledi. Hastaya ek olarak
metilprednizolon (150 mg) ve %20 Dekstroz başlandı. Hemodinamik olarak düzelen
hastanın operasyonu başarılı bir şekilde tamamlandı. Sonuç olarak; preoperatif
anestezik değerlendirme ilaç kullanımı ve özellikle steroid ilaçları
içermelidir. Anesteziyologlar, Akut Adrenal Yetmezlik belirti ve semptomlarını
gözden kaçırmamalıdırlar.
Dev Araknoid Kist: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Varışlı Behçet , Yıldırım Sinan , Çelik Hamit 
Published: February 2019

Araknoid
kistler araknoid membranın aşama aşama yıkılmasıyla oluşan, serebrospinal sıvı
içeren, benign malformasyonlardır. Araknoid kistlere hidrosefali, nöbet,
intrakranial basınç artışı ve fokal nörolojik defisit gibi semptomlara yol açmadıkça tedavi
önerilmez. Biz bu yazıda 5 yaşındaki bir çocuk hastada insidental olarak tespit
edilen dev bir araknoid kist olgusunu sunmayı amaçladık.
Adaptive Grid Lens Modeling of the Cosmic Horseshoe Using Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
Authors: Cheng Jun , Wiesner Matthew P. , Peng En-Hsin , Cui Wei , Peterson John R. , Li Guoliang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Cosmic Horseshoe gravitational lensing system is an extraordinary example of strong gravitational lensing both due to the nearly complete Einstein ring formed in this system and due to the star-forming nature of the lensed z = 2.38 Lyman-break galaxy. In this paper, we describe the development of a new lens modeling package and the lens models produced using the Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Our new lens modeling package uses adaptive grid methods, based especially on the algorithm described by Vegetti & Koopmans. The new lens modeling package introduces the K-means method to deal with multiple background sources. We utilize two parameterized models, the singular isothermal ellipsoid and the Navarro–Frenk–White model in order to optimize the Bayesian penalty function. Color–color diagrams show two distinct colors exist in the Einstein ring, which suggests that the Cosmic Horseshoe is formed from two background galaxies or from a highly irregular galaxy. We find that the best lens model includes two components and the total mass within the Einstein ring is

. The background source reconstruction shows two peaks in the source plane and the most probable lens profile is consistent with the light profile of the foreground galaxy when comparing axis ratios and position angles.
Eccentric Modes in Disks with Pressure and Self-gravity
Authors: Lee Wing-Kit , Dempsey Adam M. , Lithwick Yoram 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Accretion disks around stars, or other central massive bodies, can support long-lived, slowly precessing m = 1 disturbances in which the fluid motion is nearly Keplerian with non-zero eccentricity. We study such “slow modes” in disks that are subject to both pressure and self-gravity forces. We derive a second-order WKB dispersion relation that describes the dynamics quite accurately and show that the apparently complicated nature of the various modes can be understood in a simple way with the help of a graphical method. We also solve the linearized fluid equations numerically and show that the results agree with the theory. We find that when self-gravity is weak (

, where Q is Toomre’s parameter and h is the disk aspect ratio), the modes are pressure-dominated. But when self-gravity is strong (

), two kinds of gravity-dominated modes appear: one is an aligned elliptical pattern and the other is a one-armed spiral. In the context of protoplanetary disks, we suggest that if the radial eccentricity profile can be measured, it could be used to determine the total disk mass.
Very Fast Helicity Injection Leading to Critically Stable State and Large Eruptive Activity in Solar Active Region NOAA 12673
Authors: Vemareddy P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Using the photospheric magnetic and coronal observations of Solar Dynamics Observatory, we studied the buildup and eruption of coronal nonpotential magnetic structure in emerging active region (AR) 12673. The velocity field derived from tracked vector-magnetograms indicates persistent shear and converging motions of flux regions about the polarity inversion line (PIL). A major helicity injection occurs during rapid flux emergence consistent with the very fast flux emergence phase. While this helicity flux builds up the sigmoid by September 4, the helicity injection by the continued shear and converging motions in the later evolution contributes to sigmoid sustenance and its core field twist as a manifestation of the flux rope that erupts after exceeding the critical value of the twist. Moreover, the total length of sheared PIL segments correlates with the non-neutralized current and maintains a higher value in both polarity regions as a signature of eruptive capability of the AR according to the flux rope models. The modeled magnetic field qualitatively reproduces the sigmoidal structure capturing major features like twisted core flux as flux rope and hook-shaped parts connecting at the middle of the PIL. Study of quasi-separatrix-layers reveals that the sheared arcade, enclosing the flux rope, is stressed to a critically stable state, and its coronal height becomes doubled from September 4 to 6. While demonstrating the fast injection of helicity per unit flux as the crucial factor for severe space-weather events, this study explains the formation of the flux rope and recurrent eruptive nature of the AR by the critically stable state of the sheared arcade early on September 6.
On the Neutrino Distributions in Phase Space for the Rotating Core-collapse Supernova Simulated with a Boltzmann-neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamics Code
Authors: Harada Akira , Nagakura Hiroki , Iwakami Wakana , Okawa Hirotada , Furusawa Shun , Matsufuru Hideo , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Yamada Shoichi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
With the Boltzmann-radiation-hydrodynamics code, which we have developed to solve numerically the Boltzmann equations for neutrino transfer, the Newtonian hydrodynamics equations, and the Newtonian self-gravity simultaneously and consistently, we simulate the collapse of a rotating core of the progenitor with a zero-age- main-sequence mass of 11.2 M
⊙ and a shellular rotation of

at the center. We pay particular attention in this paper to the neutrino distribution in phase space, which is affected by the rotation. By solving the Boltzmann equations directly, we can assess the rotation-induced distortion of the angular distribution in momentum space, which gives rise to the rotational component of the neutrino flux. We compare the Eddington tensors calculated both from the raw data and from the M1-closure approximation. We demonstrate that the Eddington tensor is determined by complicated interplays of the fluid velocity and the neutrino interactions and that the M1-closure, which assumes that the Eddington factor is determined by the flux factor, fails to fully capture this aspect, especially in the vicinity of the shock. We find that the error in the Eddington factor reaches ∼20% in our simulation. This is due not to the resolution but to the different dependence of the Eddington and flux factors on the angular profile of the neutrino distribution function, and hence modification to the closure relation is needed.
Distributions and sources of low-molecular-weight monocarboxylic acids in gas and particles from a deciduous broadleaf forest in northern Japan
Authors: Mochizuki Tomoki , Kawamura Kimitaka , Miyazaki Yuzo , Kunwar Bhagawati , Boreddy Suresh Kumar Reddy 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. To better understand the distributions and sources of
low-molecular-weight (LMW) monocarboxylic acids (monoacids) in the forest
atmosphere, we conducted simultaneous collection of gaseous and particulate
samples at a deciduous broadleaf forest site in northern Japan. LMW normal
(C1–C10), branched (iC4–iC6), hydroxyl (glycolic and
lactic) and aromatic (benzoic) monoacids were detected in the gas and
particle phases. The dominant LMW monoacids in gas phase were formic (mean:
953 ng m−3) and acetic (528 ng m−3) acids followed by propionic
(37 ng m−3) or isopentanoic (42 ng m−3) acid. In the particle
phase, isopentanoic (159 ng m−3) was dominant, followed by acetic
(104 ng m−3) and formic (71 ng m−3) or lactic
(65 ng m−3) acids. Concentrations of LMW monoacids did not show
correlations with anthropogenic tracers such as nss-SO42- and
NO3-, indicating that anthropogenic contribution is not important.
Concentrations of C1–C6 monoacids in the gas phase showed positive
correlations (r2=0.21–0.91) with isobutyric acid (iC4), which
may be produced by microbial activity in soil. The forest soil may be a
source of gaseous C1–C6 monoacids in the forest atmosphere. Acetic
acid in the particle phase positively correlated with nonanoic acid (C9)
(r2=0.63), suggesting that formation of acetic and nonanoic acids is
associated with the oxidation of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids in the
aerosol phase, in addition to photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile
organic compounds. The particle-phase fractions (Fp) of formic
and acetic acids showed negative correlation with ambient temperature
(C1: r2=0.49, C2: r2=0.60) but showed positive
correlation with relative humidity (C1: r2=0.30, C2: r2=0.55) in daytime, suggesting that these meteorological parameters are
important for the gas and particle portioning of monoacids in the forest
atmosphere.
La dimensión sociolaboral de la responsabilidad social empresarial y las empresas transnacionales ¿Un binomio imperfecto?
Authors: Arteaga Salgado Alicia Karelia 
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo investigativo trata de responder la pregunta sobre la interconexión que puede existir entre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) y las empresas transnacionales con una mirada a la dimensión sociolaboral. Desde esta perspectiva, ofrece un análisis de la RSE iniciando con su concepción, los derechos de empresa, la teoría de los stakeholders hasta cerrar con los instrumentos internacionales de soft law que regulan este tipo de responsabilidad; todos como elementos concomitantes que brindan la lógica de comercio y desarrollo sostenible en términos de inversión con impactos positivos en los países anfitriones. En cuanto a justicia laboral para los trabajadores se hace énfasis en las declaraciones promulgadas por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) en lo relativo al trabajo decente que se traduzca en “más y mejores empleos” a la luz de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), siendo uno de los focos de atención la inversión extranjera directa como la estrategia de mayor auge ejecutada por las empresas transnacionales y multinacionales. Por último, se retoma el comercio internacional con los acuerdos de libre comercio vigentes en el país, reconociendo que existen oportunidades de articulación de principios y enfoques aparejados con la RSE, que permitirán un mayor contro mediante los mecanismos de ejecución de los mismos tratados.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters Selected for Optimal Visualization of the Occipitoatlantal Interspace
Authors: Hallgren Richard C. , Rowan Jacob J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Context
Disorders of the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) muscles have been associated with chronic headache. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocols currently used in clinical settings do not result in image sets that can be used to adequately visualize the integrity of occipitoatlantal structures or to definitively quantify time-dependent functional morphologic changes.

Objective
To develop an MR imaging protocol that provides the superior image quality needed to visualize occipitoatlantal soft tissue structures and quantify time-dependent pathologic changes.

Methods
Asymptomatic participants were recruited from the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine student body. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from each participant at enrollment and 2 weeks after enrollment using a 3T magnet. A conventional spin-echo pulse sequence was used to construct 24 axial, T1-weighted images with the following measurement parameters: repetition time, 467 milliseconds; echo time, 13.5 milliseconds; number of excitations, 4; slice thickness, 3.0 mm; and in-plane resolution, 0.625×0.625 mm. Image planes were aligned approximately perpendicular to the long axes of the RCPm muscles to facilitate the authors' ability to accurately draw regions of interest around the specific muscle boundaries. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right and left RCPm muscles was quantified for each participant at the 2 points in time. The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference between mean values of muscle CSA collected at enrollment and 2 weeks after enrollment for a given participant and a given side of his or her body.

Results
Thirteen participants were enrolled. No significant difference was found between mean values of either right or left RCPm muscle CSA for any of the participants measured at enrollment and 2 weeks after enrollment (all P>.05).

Conclusion
The protocol achieves the superior image quality necessary to compare the functional form of occipitoatlantal structures at progressive points in time.
Nelson-Denny Reading Test Scores as a Predictor of Student Success in Osteopathic Medical Education
Authors: Linsenmeyer Machelle , Ridpath Lance 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Reading skills are crucial in medical school, where students are expected to absorb an onslaught of new and complex material. Studies on reading assessment in osteopathic medical education are lacking.

Objective
To address gaps in the literature related to reading assessment and to investigate the correlation of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test with various performance indicators in osteopathic medical education.

Methods
The West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine administered the Nelson-Denny Reading Test to first- and second-year students between 2015 and 2017. Raw scores were translated into the percentile rank, scale score, grade equivalent score, and stanine score based on guidelines supplied with the Nelson-Denny Reading Test. These translated scores were compared with Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores, first- and second-year performance on course examinations, Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA (COMLEX-USA) Level 1 scores, and scores provided in a 2002 study by Haught and Walls.

Results
A total of 623 students took the first-year Nelson-Denny Reading Test, and 408 took both the first- and second-year Nelson-Denny Reading Test. Findings showed a large correlation between the Nelson-Denny Reading Test and the verbal reasoning section (r=0.56 for the class of 2020 and 0.46 for the class of 2021) of the old MCAT (before 2015) and the reasoning skills section (r=0.42 for the class of 2020 and 0.49 for the class of 2021) of the new MCAT (released in 2015). There were no correlations with first- and second-year course examination scores or COMLEX-USA Level 1 scores. The Nelson-Denny Reading Test scores reported by Haught and Walls for medical students and health professional students were slightly higher than those found for osteopathic medical students in this study.

Conclusion
The reasoning skills section of the new MCAT could serve as a good proxy for a reading test. There were no correlations between the Nelson-Denny Reading Test and performance in the first 2 years of medical school or COMLEX-USA Level 1 performance. Further research can strengthen the findings and determine whether correlations exist with clinical performance.
Death of a Fetus With Myeloproliferative Disorder and Trisomy 21
Authors: Prentice Danielle , Deiter Raymond , Stanley John 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, presented at 24 weeks gestation with an intrauterine death. She previously consulted with maternal-fetal medicine because of a high suspicion of trisomy 21 after abnormal maternal serum screen and cell-free DNA test results. The patient elected to have chromosomal analysis following the death of the fetus, which confirmed a trisomy 21 diagnosis. Placental pathologic findings suggested that the cause of fetal death was total occlusion of the major vessels due to the accumulation of myeloid precursor cells, a novel mechanism. This case report discusses the rare finding of myeloproliferative disorder as a cause of death of a fetus with trisomy 21.
Bacteriology Screening of Roasted and Raw Chicken Sold in Tripoli
Authors: Shubar Hend , Doro Basma , Ghalboun Aida , Hamed Azher S. Ben , Atewa Aisha M. , Saleem Aya F. Ben , Aboud Fadia B. , Ramadan Asma 
Published: February 2019

Aims: This work was carried out to screen for the presence of bacteria in roasted chicken sold in the market, poultries shop and restaurants in Tripoli.
Study Design: A total of 25 roasted chicken and 25 raw chicken parts randomly collected from different selling points in Tripoli.
Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory in microbiology and immunology department in the faculty of pharmacy in university of Tripoli, January 2013 to September 2013.
Methodology: Bacteriologically examined using the standard microbiological method according to Based on the colonial morphological and biochemical test, the following bacteria species were isolated.
Results: Prevalence of Salmonella was higher in raw chicken samples (100%) compared to the roasted one (28%), E. coli was detected in both raw and roasted chicken (32%), whereas Shigella and E. coli O157:H7 were detected only in roasted chicken [(8%) and (24%)] respectively.
Conclusion: The study found that the raw chicken samples were more susceptible to bacterial contamination than the roasted chicken samples, therefore special strategies are needed to decrease the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in chicken samples present in Tripoli area. Therefore good handling/hygiene in processing and preheating of roasted chicken before consumption is recommended.
Forecasting the Future Farm Size in Grasscutter Production in Osun State, Nigeria: A Markov Chain Approach
Authors: Olatidoye M. S. , Kehinde A. D. , Alimi T. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: The study investigated the prospects of increasing Grasscutter production and projecting the future farm size of its production in the study area. Specifically described socio-economi characteristics and some management practices of the respondents, assessed and predicted the pattern of change and the equilibrium farm size of the Grasscutter enterprise in the study area, examined the costs and returns to grasscutter production and examined the relationships between gross margin and some selected socio-economic characteristics.
Study Design: A simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting 60% of the total population of registered grasscutter farmers.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Osun State, Nigeria between years 2016 and 2017.
Methodology: Primary data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire administration from the three agricultural zones in the State. Twenty four Grasscutter farmers each were randomly selected from each of the agricultural zones. Data were collected on demographics of grasscutter farmers, production activities in terms of inputs, outputs and their respective prices for the years 2016 and 2017. Data were analyzed through Descriptive statistics, Markov chain, Gross margin and Pearson r test of correlation.
Results: The study revealed that male respondents (85%) dominated Grasscutter production in the study area while the mean age of respondents was 43 years. Majority (97%) of the respondents had formal education with an average grassutter farming experience of 11 years while the mean flock size was 2.5 colonies. The gross margin results showed that grasscutter production had a profit margin of ₦11,333.33/respondent/month. The mean grasscutter farm size revealed an upward trend in farm size until the year 2025 and thereafter stabilizes at about 3.3 colonies of grasscutter farm size. The correlation analysis showed significant relationship between gross margin and level of education and farming experience with r-values of 0.817 and 0.697 respectively.
Conclusion: Grasscutter production, though in small scale, is profitable in the study area and the grasscutter farmers in the study area have great potential to boost local production