bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P45 The acceptability of using genetic information to guide treatment of asthma to children, young people, and parents (pilot study)
Authors: King C , Bracken L , McDonough E , Pirmohamed M , Peak M , Hawcutt D 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThere are multiple pharmacogenomic studies in children’s asthma. It has not been established how (or if) children, young people or their parents/legal guardians would accept use of their genetic information to guide their treatment.AimTo determine the views of CYP, and parents/legal guardians, on aspects of using genetic testing to guide management of childhood asthma.MethodsFocus group session with both the Liverpool’s young people advisory group (YPAG), and Parents’ group, at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital. Group members completed anonymous questionnaires determining the importance and privacy associated with different themes of data, with a special focus on health data.ResultsThere were 11 responders, five parents/guardians and six CYP. Both the parents and the CYP considered personal data, such as date of birth, NI number and name, both the most important and the most private. Health data was considered the second most important, and private, although parents rated data from social media data an equal second in terms of privacy. Within healthcare data, CYP considered data regarding their mental health, followed by medical conditions and genomic data, as the sources to be of highest importance. Parents considered their child’s illnesses most important, followed by genomic data. In relation to privacy, CYP considered genomic data first followed by information concerning their mental health. The parents considered genomic data highest for data privacy.ConclusionFrom this session it is clear that health data in general, and genetic data in particular, has a high value of importance to CYP and parents, but there are variations in how data is prioritised. These pilot data will inform a large scale patient and parent acceptability study in personalised medicine and childhood asthma (CHANGE study).Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose
P47 Prevalence, incidence and patterns of antiasthma medication use in children: a nationwide prescription study in France
Authors: Naim I , Tubach F , Guillo S , Ajrouche A , De Rycke Y , Kaguelidou F 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundUse of antiasthmatic medications has increased over the years worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the use of antiasthmatic drugs in children in France.MethodsData were retrieved from the permanent sample (1/97th) of the French national healthcare database - the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS) for all individuals aged from 5 to 18 years old (n=143,909) from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2017. Prevalence and incidence rate of antiasthmatic dispensing were calculated. All analyses were stratified by calendar year, age (5–11, 12–18 years) and gender. Users were classified as occasional if they had only one dispensing of antiasthmatic drugs over the year, moderate and high if they had antiasthmatic drug dispensing at two distinct occasions or at three or more occasions, respectively.ResultsThe annual prevalence of antiasthmatic drug use varied between 12 (2011) and 11 (2017) per 100 persons and incidence varied between 4.3 (2013) and 3.8 (2017) per 100 PYs. Prevalence and incidence of use were higher in children aged between 5–11 years compared to adolescents and in boys compared to girls. Most users were occasional (52%) and only one third redeemed prescriptions on a regular basis (high users: 30%). No trend was observed regarding these percentages over time or with gender and age group.ConclusionsUse of antiasthmatic drugs in France is higher than previously described in other European countries. Prevalence of use is also higher than the prevalence of asthma as assessed in epidemiological national studies suggesting that these drugs are over-prescribed.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose
O09 Drug delivery kinetics of intravenous gentamicin in a population of neonates
Authors: Salis G , Medlicott N , Reith D 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundGentamicin is commonly used in the NICU setting and is often administered via long lines, which increases variability in the rate of administration. We aimed to model drug delivery pharmacokinetic parameters for intravenous gentamicin administered via umbilical venous catheters (UVCs).MethodsData was modelled from infusion simulations of gentamicin delivery using UVCs with a background flow rate of 0.5 ml/h.1 Different combinations of dose (2 mg, 5 mg) were given by bolus injection over 3–5 minutes, followed by a normal saline flush (1 ml, 2 ml). Gentamicin levels were measured at 5 minute intervals over an hour via high pressure liquid chromatography.Phoenix Certara (version 8.1) was used for modelling. An extravascular model with clearance removed was used to predict parameters: absorption constant (Ka), time lag (Tlag), and bioavailability (F). F was used to enable an estimate of the variability in dose administered. Different error models were tested to ascertain which best described the data.ResultsAn extravascular one compartment model with first order absorption and additive error best described the data. Estimates for the model with a 2 mg dose and 1 ml flush were Ka 0.34L/min, Tlag 1.28min, F 0.97, standard deviation (stdev) 0.14. For 2 mg, 2 ml flush, estimates were Ka 0.86L/min, Tlag 3.01min, F 0.87, stdev 0.01. For 5 mg, 1 ml flush, estimates were Ka 0.48L/min, Tlag 3.13min, F 1.03, stdev 0.12. For 5 mg, 2 ml flush, estimates were Ka 0.83L/min, Tlag 3.29min, F 1.09, stdev 0.02. For each model epsshrinkage and nshrinkage for Tlag and F were low, however nshrinkage for ka was 0.9999.ConclusionThis is the first known modelling of gentamicin delivery kinetics. The studies all had high nshrinkage for Ka, therefore the individual estimates of ka may be unreliable. Further studies with a higher number of replicates would provide more favourable data for estimating Ka.ReferenceLala AC ( 2016). Variability in neonatal gentamicin administration influencing drug delivery kinetics (Thesis, Master of Medical Science). University of Otago.Disclosure(s)No conflict of interest declared. Funding for research via the Freemasons Society of New Zealand.
P55 Preventing inappropriate hydroxyurea dosing in children by introducing a child-appropriate preparation
Authors: Koren G 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHydroxyurea (HU) is the only FDA- approved disease- modifying drug for sickle cell disease, by inducing the production of fetal hemoglobin and thus decreasing the sickling of red blood cells. Till recently HU was available only in adult doses of 1000 mg. This meant that to aim at the standard dose of 20 mg/kg/d, most young children had to be overdosed, or the dose had to be fluctuated daily to achieve the aimed mean dose. Because adherence improves with unchanged daily dose, and due to the more than 10 fold variability in HU pharmacokinetics in children, there was an urgent need for a pediatric formulation of HU.Methods and resultsThis issue has been solved with the FDA approval of the French-originated orphan HU, Siklos, a preparation of 50 and 100 mg, which prevents the risk of inappropriate dosing in children.Studies show that the child appropriate dose preparation much more closely allow young children to receive appropriate dose of Hydroxyurea, and increase adherence with this critical drug.ConclusionsIn summary, FDA approval of the French-originated orphan HU, Siklos in preparations of 50, 100 mg, prevents the risk of inappropriate dosing of the drug in children. This should encourage all involved in pediatric medicine, from health care physicians and pharmacists, to the pharmaceutical industry and regulators to act similarly in other therapeutic areas where inappropriate pediatric dose schedules are endangering the health and wellbeing of children.Disclosure(s)G Koren has been a consultant for Medunik USA.
P56 Breakthrough in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; the first dual release combination of doxylamine-pyridoxine
Authors: Koren G 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundNausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) affect almost pregnancies. The only agent approved by the FDA and other countries for the management of NVP symptoms has been the delayed release combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine. This combination, formulated as a 10 mg/10 mg delayed release tablet, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of NVP in 2013 (Diclegis®).Due to its delayed release properties, Diclegis® begins to exert its antiemetic properties 6–8 hours after ingestion, and hence symptom relief may be delayed and necessitate the use of an immediate release medication.MethodsIn 2016 the FDA approved Bonjesta®, a novel, dual- release combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine, whereby a rapid release phase is followed by a delayed release phase, thus overcoming the time delay in action of Diclegis®. Bonjesta®, is a multilayer, extended-release tablet consisting of an enteric-coated core containing 10 mg doxylamine succinate and 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride, and an immediate-release coating of 10 mg doxylamine succinate and 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride, delivering a total of 20 mg doxylamine succinate and 20 mg pyridoxine hydrochlorideResultsIn a single-and multiple dose study in 48 healthy, premenopausal women, one Bonjesta® (20 mg doxylamine succinate and 20 mg pyridoxine) was bioequivalent to two combination tablets of 10 mg doxylamine succinate and 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochlorideBonjesta has shown an immediate peak concentrations, followed by a delayed release phase.ConclusionsThe combination of the immediate release with a delayed action is unique to Bonjesta® as it allows for the bedtime dose to be effective immediately and also provide with sustained control of NVP symptoms throughout the day.Disclosure(s)G Koren has been a consuntant for Duchesnay Inc.
Do informed consumers in Taiwan favour larger hospitals? A 10-year population-based study on differences in the selection of healthcare providers among medical professionals, their relatives and the general population
Authors: Kuo Raymond N , Chen Wanchi , Lin Yuting 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesExploring whether medical professionals, who are considered to be ‘informed consumers’ in the healthcare system, favour large providers for elective treatments. In this study, we compare the inclination of medical professionals and their relatives undergoing treatment for childbirth and cataract surgery at medical centres, against those of the general population.DesignRetrospective study using a population-based matched cohort data.ParticipantsPatients who underwent childbirth or cataract surgery between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresWe used multiple logistic regression to compare the ORs of medical professionals and their relatives undergoing treatment at medical centres, against those of the general population. We also compared the rate of 14-day re-admission (childbirth) and 14-day reoperation (cataract surgery) after discharge between these groups.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that physicians were more likely than patients with no familial connection to the medical profession to undergo childbirth at medical centres (OR 5.26, 95% CI 3.96 to 6.97, p<0.001), followed by physicians’ relatives (OR 2.68, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.25, p<0.001). Similarly, physicians (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.19, p<0.01) and their relatives (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.81, p<0.01) were also more likely to undergo cataract surgery at medical centres. Physicians also tended to select healthcare providers who were at the same level or above the institution at which they worked. We observed no significant difference in 14-day re-admission rates after childbirth and no significant difference in 14-day reoperation rates after cataract surgery across patient groups.ConclusionsMedical professionals and their relatives are more likely than the general population to opt for service at medical centres. Understanding the reasons that medical professionals and general populations both have a preferential bias for larger medical institutions could help improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
Perioperative and early rehabilitation outcomes following osseointegration in UK military amputees
Authors: Wood Paul , Small C , Mahoney P 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionThis paper examines the pain management, from surgery to specialist rehabilitation, of the first seven military transfemoral amputee patients treated in the UK with femoral osseointegration. All the patients had sustained complex ballistic injuries on the battlefield. The patients were characterised by long-standing problems with functional rehabilitation due to limitations with conventional prostheses, including stump soft tissue issues and impaired biomechanics.MethodsA prospective service investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the pain management of patients undergoing osseointegration. Data were collected by daily direct patient contact, supplemented by a focused review of perioperative and rehabilitation case notes. Physiological and medication details were recorded with specific reference to systemic and regional analgesia and the impact of postoperative complications, including infection and accidental injury.ResultsSeven patients underwent femoral osseointegration and were followed up for a period of up to 3 years following surgery. The perioperative recovery was associated with significant escalation of analgesic requirements. Postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome was identified in six patients, with wound infection persisting in some cases into the rehabilitation phase. Three patients suffered femoral fractures following accidental injuries secondary to increased mobilisation following surgery.ConclusionsSuccessful surgical outcomes were achieved in a difficult patient cohort disadvantaged by previously restricted functional recovery from complex injuries. The importance of supporting the operative and recovery phases with a multidisciplinary pain service is emphasised. We offer this data and the lessons learnt to assist clinicians contemplating the establishment and service development of osseointegration services.
Recreational drugs and STI diagnoses among patients attending an STI/HIV reference clinic in Rome, Italy
Authors: Latini Alessandra , Dona' Maria Gabriella , Alei Lavinia , Colafigli Manuela , Frasca Mirko , Orsini Diego , Giuliani Massimo , Morrone Aldo , Cristaudo Antonio , Zaccarelli Mauro 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAn observational study was conducted to assess recreational drug use in association with recent STIs among clients of an STI/HIV reference centre in Rome, Italy.MethodsAttendees self-compiled a questionnaire concerning sexual behaviours and drug use, including the nine drugs used for sex (amphetamines, poppers, cocaine, ketamine, erectile dysfunction agent (EDA), steroids and the three chemsex drugs, ie, chems: γ-hydroxybutyric acid/γ-butyrolactone, crystal and Mcat).ResultsOverall, 703 patients participated, with men who have sex with men (MSM) accounting for 50.4% of the total and 73.2% of HIV-positive patients. Apart from condylomatosis, whose prevalence was higher among females (38.8%) and non-MSM (45.8%) than MSM (14.4%), STIs were more frequent among MSM, particularly syphilis (14.1%), gonorrhoea (4.8%), urethritis (3.4%) and hepatitis A (6.5%). Recreational drug use was significantly more frequent among MSM (39.8% vs 17.6% in females and 22.7% in non-MSM). A total of 26.3% of MSM used at least one of the nine drugs and 5.1% at least one of the three chems. Cocaine (13.3%) and poppers (13.0%) were the most used sex drugs in MSM.The use of any of the nine drugs was associated with being MSM (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.94, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.58), sex with partner contacted online (1.99, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.45), group sex (4.08, 95% CI 2.40 to 6.93) and STI in the last year (1.65, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.61). Use of any of the nine chems among MSM was associated with condomless sex (2.24, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.14), group sex (2.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.31) and STI diagnosis in the last year (4.08, 95% CI 2.32 to 7.19).ConclusionsOur data suggest that recreational drug use is quite common among MSM in Italy. No evidence of association with STI was found among non-MSM and females, where only cannabis and cocaine use was reported. The use of chems is still limited, but cocaine, poppers and EDA are widely used among MSM. Recreational drug use appears associated with high-risk sexual behaviours and a higher risk of STI.
A Bird’s Eye View on ECJ Judgments on Immigration, Asylum and Border Control Cases
Authors: Thym Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many experts of EU migration law deal with ECJ judgments on a regular basis, but they rarely reflect on how individual rulings on diverse themes such as asylum, family reunification or return relate to each other. This article fills that gap and presents a horizontal analysis of 155 judgments combining quantitative and qualitative findings. Our statistical survey shows that selected themes and references from certain countries dominate the ECJ’s activities. In qualitative terms, the article considers three overarching themes: the concept of public policy; the practice of statutory interpretation, including in light of objectives: the principle of proportionality and interaction with domestic courts. Our study shows that the search for cross-sectoral coherence defines much of the case law, although success of this venture is compromised by enduring inconsistencies, which complicate the emergence of a reliable and predictable judicial approach towards the interpretation of secondary legislation on migration.
Expulsions: The Construction of a Hostile Environment in Calais
Authors: Aris Escarcena Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
After the dismantling of “the great Jungle” of Calais, migrants have returned to settle in the territory of the region. In this article I analyse how different instances of the government have developed policies to expel them from the region. We will focus on how security and humanitarian techniques have been used to create an area (a hostile environment) where the physical and social life of migrants in transit is not sustainable. In particular, it will analyse the closing of service areas to freight trucks, the prohibition of food distribution to migrants in Calais, and the use of physical and symbolic violence against volunteers and migrants. The article is based on an analysis of forms of government through the concept of Milieu (Foucault, 2009) and proposes the concept of Hostile Environment as the materialization of the “Politics of Exhaustion” (De Vries & Guild, 2018).
Nematocystis indicus sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from an Indian earthworm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) Perionyx excavatus (Perrier)
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY PROBIR K. , MITRA AMLAN K. , BHOWMIK BIPLAB 
Published: May 2019

A bio-diversity study in search of acephaline gregarines from Sandeshkhali village under Sundarban delta of West Bengal province, India revealed a new species of Nematocystis Hessé, 1909; Nematocystis indicus sp. nov. in the seminal vesicles of earthworms Perionyx excavatus (Perrier). Gamonts are elongated, with a cylindrical main body and a short wider anterior portion that contains the small nucleus. Both the ends are gradually narrowed like a ‘V’ to a nearly pointed tip. Body length varies from 172.0–400.0 µm (mean= 257.0 ± 65.4 µm). The maximum body width ranges from 18.0–49.0 µm (mean= 25.0± 9.0). Gametocyst almost rounded ranging from 48.0–68.0 µm (mean= 56.0 ± 1.3 µm). Oocysts biconical, measuring 7.0–11.5 (mean= 9.3 ± 1.1 µm)
Enabling Immediate Access to Earth Science Models through Cloud Computing: Application to the GEOS-Chem Model
Authors: Zhuang Jiawei , Jacob Daniel J. , Gaya Judith Flo , Yantosca Robert M. , Lundgren Elizabeth W. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Eastham Sebastian D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCloud computing platforms can provide fast and easy access to complex Earth science models and large datasets. This article presents a mature capability for running the GEOS-Chem global 3D model of atmospheric chemistry on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. GEOS-Chem users at any experience level can get immediate access to the latest, standard version of the model in a preconfigured software environment with all needed meteorological and other input data, and they can analyze model output data easily within the cloud using Python tools in Jupyter notebooks. Users with no prior knowledge of cloud computing are provided with easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions. They can learn how to complete a demo project in less than one hour, and from there they can configure and submit their own simulations. The cloud is particularly attractive for beginning and occasional users who otherwise may need to spend substantial time configuring a local computing environment. Heavy users with their own local clusters can also benefit from the cloud to access the latest standard model and datasets, share simulation configurations and results, benchmark local simulations, and respond to surges in computing demand. Software containers allow GEOS-Chem and its software environment to be moved smoothly between cloud platforms and local clusters, so that the exact same simulation can be reproduced everywhere. Because the software requirements and workflows tend to be similar across Earth science models, the work presented here provides general guidance for porting models to cloud computing platforms in a user-accessible way.
Improving the Analog Ensemble Wind Speed Forecasts for Rare Events
Authors: Alessandrini Stefano , Sperati Simone , Delle Monache Luca 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An analog-based ensemble technique, the analog ensemble (AnEn), has been applied successfully to generate probabilistic predictions of meteorological variables, wind and solar power, energy demand, and the optimal bidding in the day-ahead energy market. The AnEn method uses a historical time series of past forecasts from a meteorological model or other prediction systems and observations of the quantity to be predicted. For each forecast lead time, the ensemble set of predictions is a set of observations from the past. These observations are those concurrent with the past forecasts at the same lead time, chosen across the past runs most similar to the current forecast. Recent applications have demonstrated that the AnEn introduces a conditional negative bias when predicting events in the right tail of the forecast distribution of wind speed, particularly when the training dataset is short. This underestimation increases when the predicted event occurs less frequently in the available historical data. A new bias correction for the AnEn using wind observations from more than 500 U.S. stations is tested to reduce the AnEn’s underestimation of rare events. It is shown that the conditional negative bias introduced by the AnEn in its standard application is significantly reduced by our novel approach. Also, the overall probabilistic AnEn performances improve when predicting wind speed higher than 10 m s−1 as demonstrated by lower values of the continuous ranked probability score. These improvements can be attributed to an increased reliability achieved by introducing the proposed bias correction algorithm.