bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eicosanoids in platelets and the effect of their modulation by aspirin in the cardiovascular system (and beyond)
Authors: Crescente Marilena , Menke Laura , Chan Melissa V , Armstrong Paul C , Warner Timothy D 
Published: March 2018

Platelets are important players in thrombosis and haemostasis with their function being modulated by mediators in the blood and the vascular wall. Among these, eicosanoids can both stimulate and inhibit platelet reactivity. Platelet Cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1‐generated Thromboxane (TX)A2 is the primary prostanoid that stimulates platelet aggregation; its action is counter‐balanced by prostacyclin, a product of vascular COX. Prostaglandin (PG)D2, PGE2 and 12‐hydroxyeicosatraenoic acid (HETE), or 15‐HETE, are other prostanoid modulators of platelet activity, but some also play a role in carcinogenesis. Aspirin permanently inhibits platelet COX‐1, underlying its anti‐thrombotic and anti‐cancer action. While the use of aspirin as an anti‐cancer drug is increasingly encouraged, its continued use in addition to P2Y12 receptor antagonists for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is currently debated. Aspirin not only suppresses TXA2 but also prevents the synthesis of both known and unknown antiplatelet eicosanoid pathways, potentially lessening the efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapies.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc
Optimal path planning for mobile robots using oppositional invasive weed optimization
Authors: Panda M.R. , Das P.K. , Dutta S. , Pradhan S.K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA mobile robot is an autonomous agent, capable of planning the path from source to destination in both, a known, or an unknown environment. In this paper, we presented a novel approach to find the optimal trajectory. We have hybridized oppositional‐based learning (OBL) with the evolutionary invasive weed optimization (IWO) technique to generate the optimal path for different robot(s). The navigation algorithm considered in this work is intelligent enough to fulfill the objective of minimizing the path length and the time to reach its specified goal. Oppositional IWO (OIWO) algorithm mimics the colonizing behavior of weed and uses the concept of quasi‐opposite number, the concept of OBL is to find the shortest path between source and destination of mobile robot(s). An objective function has been formulated that takes care of the optimal target‐seeking behavior as well as the obstacle avoidance of the mobile robot. In this technique, OBL considers the current population generated by IWO algorithm and its opposite population simultaneously to get better and faster convergence. The simulation and experimental results prove and validate the effectiveness of developed OIWO path planning algorithm.
From ‘Invisible Problem’ to Global Priority: The Inclusion of Mental Health in the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Mills China 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPerceptions regarding the importance of mental health are shifting at a global level. Once described as an ‘invisible problem’ in international development, mental health is now being framed as one of the most pressing development issues of our time. Concern over the historical absence of mental health from the development agenda — despite its being regarded as a major obstacle to development — has led to its recent inclusion in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article critically examines three intersecting axes key to its inclusion in the SDGs: 1) the conceptualization and calculation of the contribution of mental disorder to the global burden of disease; 2) the quantification of mental disorder as an economic burden; and 3) the relationship between mental distress and poverty. The article highlights the urgent need to foster a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between mental health and development, and shows how, at times, interventions in the two fields work together in producing reductionist, economistic, individualized and psychologized responses to poverty.
Focal points and firm risk
Authors: Cai Ye , Shefrin Hersh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ‘better than average’ effect suggests that relative industry standing should serve as an important focal point for corporate managers. March and Shapira (Psychological Review, 99, 172–183, 1992) develop a framework to analyze the impact of focal points on firms’ risk profiles. This paper uses the March–Shapira model to investigate the relationship between firms’ relative industry standings and their risk profiles. We find that firms’ equity returns display strong March–Shapira effects. When we examine the different firm decisions that impact risk, we find the strong presence of March–Shapira effects in firms’ decisions about operating cash flows, diversifying acquisition activity, working capital, and capital structure.
Contribution of volatile organic compound fluxes to the ecosystem carbon budget of a poplar short‐rotation plantation
Authors: Portillo‐Estrada Miguel , Zenone Terenzio , Arriga Nicola , Ceulemans Reinhart 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are major precursors of both ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the troposphere and represent a non‐negligible portion of the carbon fixed by primary producers, but long‐term ecosystem‐scale measurements of their exchanges with the atmosphere are lacking. In this study, the fluxes of 46 ions corresponding to 36 BVOCs were continuously monitored along with the exchanges of mass (carbon dioxide and water vapor) and energy (sensible and latent heat) for an entire year in a poplar (Populus) short‐rotation crop (SRC), using the eddy covariance methodology. BVOC emissions mainly consisted of isoprene, acetic acid, and methanol. Total net BVOC emissions were 19.20 kg C ha−1 yr−1, which represented 0.63% of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), resulting from −23.59 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 fixed as CO2 and 20.55 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 respired as CO2 from the ecosystem. Isoprene emissions represented 0.293% of NEE, being emitted at a ratio of 1 : 1709 mol isoprene per mol of CO2 fixed. Based on annual ecosystem‐scale measurements, this study quantified for the first time that BVOC carbon emissions were lower than previously estimated in other studies (0.5–2% of NEE) on poplar trees. Furthermore, the seasonal and diurnal emission patterns of isoprene, methanol, and other BVOCs provided a better interpretation of the relationships with ecosystem CO2 and water vapor fluxes, with air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and photosynthetic photon flux density.
Effects of maize meal and limestone on the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) silage
Authors: Niu D. Z. , Zheng M. L. , Zuo S. S. , Jiang D. , Xu C. C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChemical‐compositional characteristics of crops are crucial factors affecting the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of silages. To evaluate the effects of starch content and buffering capacity, fresh smooth bromegrass was ensiled alone (control), with 9% maize meal (MM), or with a mixture of 9% maize meal and 1.5% limestone (MX) on a fresh matter basis in sealed plastic bags. After 1, 3, 14 and 56 days of ensiling, triplicate bags of each treatment were opened for chemical and microorganism analyses, and then the samples ensiled for 56 days were placed in polyethylene containers to evaluate their aerobic stability. During the early days of ensiling, the mixtures of maize meal and limestone favoured lactic acid bacteria growth, lactic acid production and decrease in pH values. After 56 days of ensiling, the MX‐treated silages had significantly higher (p < .05) lactic acid, ammonia‐N and buffering capacity compared with the silages treated with other additives. The aerobic stability of MM‐treated silages was significantly lower (p < .05) than that of the control silages, but the MX‐treated silages showed higher (p < .05) aerobic stability than the other groups. The changes of organic acids and pH in the MX‐treated silages were also delayed, which inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria and yeasts. These results indicate that maize meal improved the fermentation profile of smooth bromegrass silage but had a negative effect on its aerobic stability; however, limestone played important roles in both accelerating fermentation and the improvement of aerobic stability.
Life‐history traits of Central European moths: gradients of variation and their association with rarity and threats
Authors: Potocký Pavel , Bartoňová Alena , Beneš Jiří , Zapletal Michal , Konvička Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnalysing faunal changes using life‐history traits (LHT) represents a promising venue in community ecology. We prepared traits table for 1234 species of Central European macro‐moths (Lepidoptera), a species‐rich insect group rather neglected byLHTanalyses.Table of 27LHTs, split into 44 trait states, was subjected to ordination analyses, aiming to disclose the main gradients in the traits’ covariance organising the regional fauna.The main ordination gradient was related to habitats. It contrasted large‐ranging, tree foliage feeding and large‐winged species of humid and wooded habitats from small, trophic specialists feeding on reproductive plants parts and inhabiting non‐wooded, xeric habitats. This gradient sustained control for phylogeny, as well as omission of habitats‐ and biogeography‐related traits from the analyses. The secondary gradient, perpendicular to the former, distinguished multivoltine and univoltine species, the former often mobile and having a long adult period. Two minor gradients were related to defences/seasonality and to adult diurnal activity.The habitats and voltinism gradients predicted current commonness and red‐list status of individual species reasonably well.Life histories are linked to habitat use, commonness and threat levels of individual moths species in Central Europe. The overhelming importance of habitat association mirrors the diversity of habitats used by Central European moths. Species of closed woodlands tend to be more common and less threatened than species of rarer grassland types; multivoltine and mobile species are least threatened. The compiledLHTtable will be of use for further conservation‐oriented analyses of the moths communities.
Will a chlorhexidine‐fluoride mouthwash reduce plaque and gingivitis?
Authors: Elkerbout TA , Slot DE , Van Loveren C , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFocus questionWhat is the efficacy of a chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash (MW) containing sodium fluoride (NaF) compared to a CHX − MW alone on the parameters of plaque, gingivitis and discoloration?Material and MethodsMEDLINE‐PubMed, Cochrane‐CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched for papers from inception to December 2017. The inclusion criteria were (randomized) controlled clinical trials conducted in human subjects with good general health and without removable prosthesis. Papers evaluating the effect of a MW containing CHX + NaF compared to a CHX alone were included. From the eligible studies, data were extracted, a descriptive analysis was performed and a meta‐analysis when feasible.ResultsIndependent screening of 412 unique papers resulted in 9 eligible publications presenting 10 clinical trials comparing the effect of CHX + NaF to CHX − MW and provided 13 comparisons. Five evaluated the MW as an adjunct to brushing and 8 were non‐brushing comparisons of which 4 used an experimental gingivitis model. No significant difference was observed for plaque score reduction in the brushing studies the end scores (diffM; −0.04, P = .36; 95%CI: [−0.13, 0.05]) nor the differences (diffM; 0.11, P = .33; 95%CI: [−0.12, 0.24]). In the descriptive analysis, none of the experiments demonstrated a statistical significant difference regarding Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding Score and Discoloration Scores. For the GI, a meta‐analysis of the difference of Means was not significant when included experimental gingivitis model studies end scores (0.01, P = .78; 95%CI: [−0.08, 0.11]) and the difference (0.01, P = .81; 9 5%CI: [−0.08, 0.10]) either for the end scores of brushing studies (diffM; −0.01, P = .82; 95%CI: [−0.10, 0.08]).ConclusionFrom this study, it can be concluded that NaF and CHX may be present in the same MW without reducing CHX efficacy with respect to plaque and gingivitis scores. Moreover, no difference in the development of tooth discoloration was observed.
Drilling the mirror routine: From non‐situated looking to mobile practice in driver training
Authors: Björklund Daniel 
Published: March 2018

This paper uses ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to trace the instructed development of a practical skill (the ‘mirror routine’) in a driving school in Sweden. Focusing the interaction between instructor and student, it applies a micro longitudinal perspective by examining five video excerpts from a total of ≈15 minutes of one driving lesson with a single constellation of student/instructor. Detailed analyses show how, by deploying different instructional resources, instructions are adapted to operate under a range of mobile and infrastructural contingencies, distinguishing between stationary and mobile instructions while considering the reflexive relation between the two. By and large, learning the mirror routine is a complex task in which the participants must deal with issues of instructions, temporality and practical multi‐activity at the same time.
Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) kernel fat: a potential new source of cocoa butter alternative
Authors: Jahurul M. H. A. , Soon Y. , Shaarani Sharifudin Md. , Hasmadi M. , Mansoor A. H. , Zaidul I. S. M. , Lee J. S. , Ali Md. Eaqub , Ghafoor Kashif , Zzaman Wahidu , Jinap S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBambangan (Mangifera pajang) is one of the underutilised tropical fruits found in the Borneo islands (Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei). The physicochemical and thermal properties of bambangan kernel fat (BKF) were investigated in an effort to identify an innovative fat that could be exploited in confectionery applications. The fatty acids and triglyceride (TG) contents, melting behaviour and solid fat content (SFC) of the BKF were determined by various chromatographic and thermal techniques. BKF had three main TGs, namely 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐3‐stearoyl‐glycerol (POS) (11.6%), 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol (SOS) (28.7%) and 1‐stearoyl‐2,3‐dioleoyl‐glycerol (SOO) (11.2%), with SOS being the major component. Stearic, oleic and palmitic acids were the dominant fatty acids with the area percentage of 36.4%, 44.5% and 8.4%, respectively. The melting behaviour indicated a single curve with only one maximum shoulder. With respect to the physicochemical and thermal properties, BKF is ideal for use in formulations (blending components) as an alternative to CB in food products, especially confectionary products.
Bombyx mori cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor is involved in regulation of the silkworm cell cycle
Authors: Tang X.‐F. , Zhou X.‐L. , Zhang Q. , Chen P. , Lu C. , Pan M.‐H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are negative regulators of the cell cycle. They can bind to cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)‐cyclin complexes and inhibit CDK activities. We identified a single homologous gene of the CDK interacting protein/kinase inhibitory protein (Cip/Kip) family, BmCKI, in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The gene transcribes two splice variants: a 654‐bp‐long BmCKI‐L (the longer splice variant) encoding a protein with 217 amino acids and a 579‐bp‐long BmCKI‐S (the shorter splice variant) encoding a protein with 192 amino acids. BmCKI‐L and BmCKI‐S contain the Cip/Kip family conserved cyclin‐binding domain and the CDK‐binding domain. They are localized in the nucleus and have an unconventional bipartite nuclear localization signal at amino acid residues 181–210. Overexpression of BmCKI‐L or BmCKI‐S affected cell cycle progression; the cell cycle was arrested in the first gap phase of cell cycle (G1). RNA interference of BmCKI‐L or BmCKI‐S led to cells accumulating in the second gap phase and the mitotic phase of cell cycle (G2/M). Both BmCKI‐L and BmCKI‐S are involved in cell cycle regulation and probably have similar effects. The transgenic silkworm with BmCKI‐L overexpression (BmCKI‐L‐OE), exhibited embryonic lethal, larva developmental retardation and lethal phenotypes. These results suggest that BmCKI‐L might regulate the growth and development of silkworm. These findings clarify the function of CKIs and increase our understanding of cell cycle regulation in the silkworm.
Anticoagulation use and clinical outcomes after catheter ablation in patients with persistent and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Liang Jackson J. , Elafros Melissa A. , Mullen Michael T. , Muser Daniele , Hayashi Tatsuya , Enriquez Andres , Pathak Rajeev K. , Zado Erica S. , Santangeli Pasquale , Arkles Jeffrey S. , Schaller Robert D. , Supple Gregory E. , Frankel David S. , Garcia Fermin C. , Deo Rajat , Lin David , Riley Michael P. , Nazarian Saman , Dixit Sanjay , Marchlinski Francis E. , Callans David J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionWhether successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) reduces risk of cerebrovascular events (CVEs) remains controversial and whether oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) can be safely discontinued in patients rendered free of AF recurrences remains unknown. We evaluated OAT use patterns and examined long‐term rates of CVEs (stroke/TIA) and major bleeding episodes (MBEs) in patients with nonparoxysmal AF treated with catheter ablation.Methods and resultsFour hundred patients with nonparoxysmal AF (200 persistent, 200 longstanding persistent; mean age 60.3 ± 9.7 years, 82% male) undergoing first AF ablation were followed for 3.6 ± 2.4 years. OAT discontinuation during follow‐up was permitted in selected patients per physician discretion. At last follow‐up, allowing for multiple ablations, 172 (43.0%) patients were free of AF recurrence. Two hundred and seven (51.8%) discontinued OAT at some point; 174 (43.5%) were off OAT at last follow‐up. Patients without AF recurrence were more likely to remain off OAT (HR 0.23 [95% CI 0.17–0.33]). Patients with persistent (versus longstanding persistent) AF type prior to ablation (HR 0.6 [CI 0.44–0.83]) and those with CHA2DS2‐VASc score <2 (HR 0.56 [0.39–0.80]) were less likely to continue OAT. Seven patients had CVEs (incidence: 0.49/100 patient years) and 14 experienced MBE during follow‐up (incidence: 0.98/100 patient years). Older age (P = 0.001) and coronary artery disease (P = 0.028) were associated with CVE.ConclusionAnticoagulation discontinuation in well selected, closely monitored patients following successful ablation of nonparoxysmal AF was associated with a low rate of clinical embolic CVEs. Prospective studies are required to confirm safety of OAT discontinuation after successful AF ablation.
Risk of developing pressure sore in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients – a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chen J.‐H. , Wu S.‐C. , Chen H.‐J. , Kao C.‐H. , Tseng C.‐H. , Tsai C.‐H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrior investigations with few cases have disclosed lack of pressure sore (PrS) formation was characteristic in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. However, studies with larger samples are lacking to ascertain this concept.ObjectiveTo investigate whether patients withALShave higher risk of PrS.MethodsUtilizing a Taiwan National Insurance claims data set with 23 million participants, we extracted 514 patients withALSand 2056 controls from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2008. Both groups were followed up until PrS occurrence during study period (2000–2011). The PrS risk was calculated with Cox proportional regression model.ResultsThe patients withALShad a greater PrS risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 8.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.90–15.9,P < 0.001) than the controls did. PrS risk was much higher inALSwomen (aHR = 26.6, 95%CI = 9.05–78.2,P < 0.001) than inALSmen (aHR = 4.38, 95%CI = 1.99–9.68,P < 0.001). Besides, in people aged 20–54,ALSwas linked with a much greater PrS risk (aHR = 27.7, 95%CI = 5.79–132,P < 0.001) than in those aged ≥55 (aHR = 6.10, 95%CI = 3.10–12.0,P < 0.001).ConclusionsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is discovered to be correlated with an enhanced PrS risk. For PrS prevention, it is needed to pay more attention to the management of the patients withALS, particularly in women and those with relatively younger age. Further investigations are needed to confirm the findings in this study.
Proton pump inhibitors not associated with hypomagnesemia, regardless of dose or concomitant diuretic use
Authors: Chowdhry Monica , Shah Kuldeep , Kemper Suzanne , Zekan David , Carter William , McJunkin Brittain 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and AimProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide, with dramatic efficacy for upper gastrointestinal acid‐related disorders. In recent years, however, the safety of long‐term PPI use has been questioned. One issue based on scant and conflicting literature is the possibility of PPI‐related hypomagnesemia. Our purpose was to assess for any clinically significant alteration in serum magnesium levels in large groups of patients taking different PPIs in varying doses, with or without diuretics.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of patient records at time of hospitalization, from February 2012 to December 2014. Two thousand four hundred patients were randomly selected from a pool of 12 058 magnesium levels performed at or within 24 h of hospital admission. Patients were categorized in six groups based on outpatient PPI and/or diuretic use. The main outcome studied was hypomagnesemia, defined as serum magnesium level < 1.6 mg/dL.ResultsMean magnesium levels were normal in PPI users (1.84 ± 0.29 mg/dL [normal 1.6 to 2.5 mg/dL]) and PPI nonusers (1.85 ± 0.30 mg/dL), P = 0.40, and there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of hypomagnesemia (14.7% vs 15.1%, P = 0.77). In separate groups, there were also no significant differences in serum magnesium levels between those taking PPIs of varying doses, with or without concomitant diuretics, and those not taking PPIs or diuretics.ConclusionRegardless of PPI dosage or concomitant diuretics prescribed, magnesium levels were unaffected. Routine screening of serum magnesium in PPI patients appears unnecessary.