bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Aesthetics of Inscape: Teaching Chinese Art with Barthesian Semiotic Theory
Authors: Duan Lian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In Chinese art education, inscape (jing) is one of the most important, complex, and difficult traditional aesthetic concepts; it concerns the artistic world created in a work of visual art, literature, music, or dance. How to approach this crucial concept in the teaching practice remains a challenge. In this essay, the Barthian semiotic approach, which is mainly about the extension of the signification process, is viewed as a development from linguistic analysis to cultural studies. Its relevance to inscape is found in the aesthetic totality of the sublime in classical Chinese landscape painting. Applying Barthian theory to the study and teaching of Chinese landscape painting, this essay explores the issue of inscape sublimation in the context of Chinese and Western aesthetics. In particular, this essay explores the material world of inscape at the formal level, the sensuous world at the aesthetic level, and the conceptual world at the ideological level. Supported by analytical readings of selected masterpieces of landscape painting from the Northern Song period, the essay concludes that the extension of the signification process makes the creation and sublimation of the inscape totality possible, which demonstrates the key achievement of, and sets up the standard for, landscape painting in Chinese art, aesthetically and ideologically.
Polish Collections in the Hoover Institution Library & Archives: Interview with Dr. Maciej Siekierski, Senior Curator and Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
Authors: Ziółkowska-Boehm Aleksandra 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
An interview with Dr. Maciej Siekierski, senior curator of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, one of the leading repositories of archival materials relating to Poland. The discussion covers the Polish collections at Hoover, their origins, and contents. These include, to name only a few, collections pertaining to Ignacy Paderewski, the Polish Government-in-Exile based in London, Jan Karski, Radio Free Europe, and numerous personages or subjects prominent in the history of the Polish People’s Republic.
Carvacrol electrochemical reaction characteristics on screen printed electrode modified with La2O3/Co3O4 nanocomposite
Authors: Mohammadi Sayed Zia , Beitollahi Hadi , Rohani Tahereh , Allahabadi Hossein 
Published: February 2019

Electrochemical characteristics of carvacrol were investigated on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with La2O3/Co3O4 nanocomposite by using voltammetric techniques, which displayed a well-defined peak for sensitive carvacrol determination in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.0. La2O3/Co3O4 nanoparticles demonstrated suitable catalytic activity for carvacrol determination by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Besides, determination of carvacrol in a real samples was recognized in the light of electrochemical findings and a validated voltammetric technique for quantitative analysis of carvacrol in a real formulation was proposed. The DPV peak currents were found to be linear in the concentration range of 10.0 to 800.0 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.0 μM.
Effect of immersion time at the stainless steel 304L/NaCl (0.01 M) interface
Authors: Mastouri Wejdene , Pichon Luc , Martemianov Serguei , Paillat Thierry , Thomas Anthony 
Published: February 2019

Stainless steels are broadly used thanks to their specific physical properties such as their high corrosion resistance in poorly aggressive solutions. However, only few studies have been reported in the literature concerning their electrochemical behavior in low concentration electrolytes medium. Accordingly, the present work aims to study the immersion time influence on the solid-liquid interface properties of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L, immersed in a low-concentrated (0.01 M) sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The electroche­mical behavior of the interface was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) monitoring. The morphological features and the modification of the surface composition were evaluated by Optic Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, Atomic Force Microscopy, White Light Interferometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It was determined by OCP measurement that the characteristic time of the interface stabilization is very long (several months). After an immersion of 2 months in NaCl solution, a second time constant on impedance phase diagram appears. Surface characterizations reveal a significant modifi­cation of the morphology and chemistry of the AISI 304L surface that can be linked to OCP/EIS observations. It can be noticed that the repeatability deviation of the EIS method was about 1 % while its reproducibility deviation was estimated to 35 %.
A population-based study on prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Zhang Haoxiang , Gao Wenwen , Wang Lei , Suzhen  , Gao Yanming , Liu Baoli , Zhou Hao , Fang Dianchun 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a stratified random sampling method was used for collecting samples in the Tibet Autonomous Region. A total of 10,000 individuals were selected from October 2016 to June 2017. A previously-published, validated questionnaire including six items related to the symptoms of GERD was used for evaluating GERD. In addition, basic demographic data, lifestyle, dietary habits, medical history and family history of GERD were investigated to identify risk factors of GERD.ResultsA total of 5,680 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of GERD in this area was 10.8%. Age (30–40 years vs. under 18 years, odds ratio (OR): 3.025; 40–50 years vs. under 18 years, OR: 4.484), education level (high school vs. primary, OR: 0.698; university vs. primary, OR: 2.804), ethnic group (Han vs. Tibetan, OR: 0.230; others vs. Tibetan, OR: 0.304), altitude of residence (4.0–4.5 km vs. 2.5–3.0 km, OR: 2.469), length of residence (<5 years vs. ≥5 years, OR: 2.218), Tibetan sweet tea (yes vs. no, OR: 2.158), Tibetan barley wine (yes vs. no, OR: 1.271), Tibetan dried meat (yes vs. no, OR: 1.278) and staying up late (yes vs. no, OR: 1.223) were significantly (allP< 0.05) and independently associated with GERD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of GERD is high in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Geographic conditions, ethnic group and lifestyle are risk factors for GERD.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Congeners from Distilled Spirits of Different Sources
Authors: Iwouno Jude O. , Ofoedu Chigozie E. , Aniche Vivian N. 
Published: February 2019

Aim: With recent increase in health-related incidence arising from consumption of spirit beverages in Nigeria, there is need to investigate the prevalence of possible contaminants in spirits that may have toxicological effect on human when consumed. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and levels of congeners present in spirits obtained from fermentates of cassava, molasses and palm wine purchased from different locations.
Study Design: This study was made to fit a one way Analysis of Variance.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at laboratory of Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri and Project Development Agency (PRODA) Enugu and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, between April 2017 and November 2018.
Methodology: Analysis of common congeners in spirits of cassava, molasses and palm wine fermentates obtained through distillation method was carried out using the Gas-Chromatography. Physicochemical properties of the spirits measured were specific gravity, pH and viscosity. The spirit distillates were analysed for concentrations of ethanol, higher alcohols and possible congeners such as esters, ethyl carbamate (EC) and ethyl acetate.
Results: The distillates yielded alcoholic content of 39.00 to 46.71%. Ethyl carbamate content of spirits from cassava recorded an average mean value of 13.44 µg/l which was not significantly different from (P > .05) spirits from molasses and palm wine, with an average mean values of 12.49 µg/l and 13.75 µg/l respectively. The most important higher alcohols of the spirit distillates responsible for aromatic characteristic of spirits were found to be 1-propanol (0.06-0.11%), isobutyl alcohol (0.02-0.09%) and isoamyl alcohol (0.12-0.76%). The type and location of raw materials did not significantly affect the concentrations of the available congeners found in the distilled spirits. Good fermentation employed in this research work significantly reduced the concentrations of the detected congeners.
Conclusion: Comparing the results with data from literature, it can be concluded that the concentrations of all investigated volatile compounds in the samples of spirits from cassava, palm wine and molasses are commonly acceptable. Federal regulatory agencies such as National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) should be encouraged to carry out routine analysis on commonly produced and sold spirit beverages in order to prevent sale of contaminated drinks.
Selection in Base Population of Ornamental Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Lima José Ayron Moraes de , Rêgo Elizanilda Ramalho do , Porcino Mirelly Miguel , Silva Glauber Henrique Nunes da , Carvalho Michelle Gonçalves de , Pessoa Ângela Maria dos Santos , Rêgo Mailson Monteiro do 
Published: February 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to characterize and select plants with ornamental potential and resistant to pathogens in generation F2.
Study Design: For genetic divergence analysis, Tocher's grouping method was used, based on the standardized Euclidean distance. Analyses were carried out for the quantitative and qualitative data separately and also for the data together. In addition, the relative importance of the characteristics evaluated for genetic divergence was calculated using SINGH's Methodology (1981). All analyses were performed using the computational Genes program.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of the Center of Agrarian Sciences (CCA) of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). The treatments consisted of 354 progenies, an F2 generation of ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L), belonging to the Germplasm Bank of UFPB, derived from the controlled self-fertilization of F1 and obtained from the crossing between the parents UFPB390 X UFPB137. Plants grown in vessels of 900 mL filled with commercial substrate. There was variability among genotypes for the evaluated characters.
Methodology: Genotypes were characterized according to the descriptors for Capsicum suggested by IPGRI. 20 quantitative characters and 4 qualitative in ornamental peppers were evaluated. Leaves identified from an optical microscope using the illustrated descriptor of imperfect fungus.
Results: The variability between genotypes was higher for qualitative characters related to disease resistance. It is possible to select individual plants for opening lines in Generation F3. 7 plants; 7; 15; 50; 69; 120; 155; 157; 196; 314; 326; 331; 347 should be selected for not presenting symptoms of fungi diseases.
Conclusion: Greater diversity among genotypes was detected when the incidence of diseases in the plants was evaluated. The plants 7; 15; 50; 69; 120; 155; 157; 196; 314; 326; 331; 347 should be selected because they do not present symptoms of fungal diseases.
Improved recombinant expression and purification of functional plant Rubisco
Authors: Wilson Robert H. , Thieulin‐Pardo Gabriel , Hartl Franz‐Ulrich , Hayer‐Hartl Manajit 
Published: February 2019

Improving the performance of the key photosynthetic enzyme Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) by protein engineering is a critical strategy for increasing crop yields. The extensive chaperone requirement of plant Rubisco for folding and assembly has long been an impediment to this goal. Production of plant Rubisco in Escherichia coli requires the coexpression of the chloroplast chaperonin and four assembly factors. Here, we demonstrate that simultaneous expression of Rubisco and chaperones from a T7 promotor produces high levels of functional enzyme. Expressing the small subunit of Rubisco with a C‐terminal hexahistidine‐tag further improved assembly, resulting in a ~ 12‐fold higher yield than the previously published procedure. The expression system described here provides a platform for the efficient production and engineering of plant Rubisco.
Strong Damping‐Like Spin‐Orbit Torque and Tunable Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction Generated by Low‐Resistivity Pd1−xPtx Alloys
Authors: Zhu Lijun , Sobotkiewich Kemal , Ma Xin , Li Xiaoqin , Ralph Daniel C. , Buhrman Robert A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite their great promise for providing a pathway for very efficient and fast manipulation of magnetization, spin‐orbit torque (SOT) operations are currently energy inefficient due to a low damping‐like SOT efficiency per unit current bias, and/or the very high resistivity of the spin Hall materials. This work reports an advantageous spin Hall material, Pd1−xPtx, which combines a low resistivity with a giant spin Hall effect as evidenced with three independent SOT ferromagnetic detectors. The optimal Pd0.25Pt0.75 alloy has a giant internal spin Hall ratio of >0.60 (damping‐like SOT efficiency of ≈0.26 for all three ferromagnets) and a low resistivity of ≈57.5 µΩ cm at a 4 nm thickness. Moreover, it is found that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), the key ingredient for the manipulation of chiral spin arrangements (e.g., magnetic skyrmions and chiral domain walls), is considerably strong at the Pd1−xPtx/Fe0.6Co0.2B0.2 interface when compared to that at Ta/Fe0.6Co0.2B0.2 or W/Fe0.6Co0.2B0.2 interfaces and can be tuned by a factor of 5 through control of the interfacial spin‐orbital coupling via the heavy metal composition. This work establishes a very effective spin current generator that combines a notably high energy efficiency with a very strong and tunable DMI for advanced chiral spintronics and spin torque applications.
Using Soft Robotic Technology to Fabricate a Proof‐of‐Concept Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement (TTVR) Device
Authors: Amiri Moghadam Amir Ali , Jang Sun‐Joo , Caprio Alexandre , Liu Jun , Singh Harsimran S. , Min James K. , Dunham Simon , Mosadegh Bobak 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoft robotic technology has great potential for advancing the performance of transcatheter cardiac devices, due to its inherent properties for conformability and simple actuation. This work provides a proof‐of‐concept tricuspid valve that can be delivered via a catheter and made with soft balloons in order to avoid critical anatomical features in the tricuspid valve and to enhance anchoring. This soft valve is inflatable and thus can be repositioned during delivery to conform and anchor well to the native anatomy. Using a 3D printed model of the tricuspid valve, which is segmented from a patient CT scan, the anchoring force, functionality of the valve, and prevention of paravalvular leakage are demonstrated.
Low‐Power, Flexible Nonvolatile Organic Transistor Memory Based on an Ultrathin Bilayer Dielectric Stack
Authors: Pak Kwanyong , Choi Junhwan , Lee Changhyeon , Im Sung Gap 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic thin film transistor nonvolatile memories (OTFT‐NVMs) with polymeric electret layers have attracted research attention for the application to emerging wearable electronics. However, it is challenging to develop low‐power flexible OTFT‐NVMs due to the lack of candidate polymers for flexible electret and blocking dielectric layer (BDL) equipped with the thickness downscalability and sufficiently strong insulating properties. Here, this study reports a low‐power, flexible OTFT‐NVM fabricated with a bilayer dielectric stack composed of a 3 nm thick polymer electret layer and a high‐performance BDL prepared via an initiated chemical vapor deposition process. Especially, a crosslinked poly(1,4‐butanediol diacrylate) film is newly synthesized as a BDL, which shows excellent insulating properties with high breakdown field (Ebreak > 8 MV cm−1 with its thickness of 21.3 nm). Coupled with a 3 nm thick polymer electret layer (poly(1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane)), the fabricated NVMs exhibit a tunable memory window with dramatically reduced programming/erasing voltages less than 15 V and an extrapolated retention time as long as 108 s. Moreover, the device maintains their memory performance up to 1.6% of applied tensile strain. The OTFT‐NVMs with the ultrathin dielectric stack can serve as a promising dielectric for stable data storage in various future wearable electronics.
Tailored Plum Pudding‐Like Co2P/Sn Encapsulated with Carbon Nanobox Shell as Superior Anode Materials for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Ren Xiaochuan , Ren Zhiguo , Li Qingwei , Wen Wen , Li Xiaofang , Chen Ye , Xie Lei , Zhang Liao , Zhu Daming , Gao Biao , Chu Paul K. , Huo Kaifu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) are emerging energy storage devices with high energy, high power, and durable life. Sn is a promising anode material for lithium storage, but the poor conductivity of the a‐NaSn phase upon sodaition hinders its implementation in SICs. Herein, a superior Sn‐based anode material consisting of plum pudding‐like Co2P/Sn yolk encapsulated with nitrogen‐doped carbon nanobox (Co2P/Sn@NC) for high‐performance SICs is reported. The 8–10 nm metallic nanoparticles produced in situ are uniformly dispersed in the amorphous Sn matrix serving as conductive fillers to facilitate electron transfer in spite of the formation of electrically resistive a‐NaSn phase during cycling. Meanwhile, the carbon shell buffers the large expansion of active Sn and provides a stable electrode–electrolyte interface. Owing to these merits, the yolk–shell Co2P/Sn@NC demonstrates a large capacity of 394 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, high rate capability of 168 mA h g−1 at 5000 mA g−1, and excellent cyclability with 87% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles. By integrating the Co2P/Sn@NC anode with a peanut shell‐derived carbon cathode in the SIC, high energy densities of 112.3 and 43.7 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 100 and 10 000 W kg−1 are achieved.
A conductive cell‐imprinted substrate based on CNT–PDMS composite
Authors: Kavand Hanie , Rahaie Mahdi , Koohsorkhi Javad , Haghighipour Nooshin , Bonakdar Shahin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCell function regulation is influenced by continuous biochemical and biophysical signal exchange within the body. Substrates with nano/micro‐scaled topographies that mimic the physiological niche are widely applied for tissue engineering applications. As the cartilage niche is composed of several stimulating factors, a multifunctional substrate providing topographical features while having the capability of electrical stimulation is presented. Herein, we demonstrate a biocompatible and conductive chondrocyte cell‐imprinted substrate using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers. Unlike the conventional silicon wafers or structural photoresist masters used for molding, cell surface topographical replication is challenging as biological cells showed extremely sensitive to chemical solvent residues during molding. The composite showed no significant difference compared with PDMS with regard to cytotoxicity, whereas an enhanced cell adhesion was observed on the conductive composite's surface. Integration of nanomaterials into the cell seeding scaffolds can make tissue regeneration process more efficient.
An evolutionary and developmental biology approach to gastroschisis
Authors: Opitz John M. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Botto Lorenzo D. 
Published: February 2019

Recent advances have now made it possible to speak of gastroschisis narrowly in morphogenetic terms invoking the Rittler–Beaudoin (R–B) model. This proceeds from the appreciation of gastroschisis as a congenital intestinal herniation (without cover or liver) within the primordial umbilical ring, mostly to the right side of a normally formed umbilical cord. Presently, it is unresolved whether this visceral prolapse represents failure of ring closure before return of the physiological hernia into the abdomen or rupture of the delicate amniotic/peritoneal membrane at the ring's edge to the right of the cord. Animal observations and experiments will be required to address this question effectively.If gastroschisis is, in fact, a primary malformation with the primordial umbilical ring as the developmental field involved, then homology implies potential gastroschisis in all amniotes with corresponding nourishment from yolk sac (aka omphalomesenteric) vessels going into the embryo and excretory products out via the ancient umbilical connection. It also implies homology of corresponding morphogenetic signal transduction cascades.We review the history of gastroschisis, its presumed pathogenesis, and the developmental biology of the amniotic umbilical ring from this perspective. Therefore, based on the animal and human evidence to date, we propose that gastroschisis is a primary midline malformation that involves the umbilical canal from amniotic to peritoneal space and its primordial umbilical ring, either through nonclosure or rupture of the membrane covering the area, mostly to the right, between the cord and the edge of the ring.
BIS‐guided deep anesthesia decreases short‐term postoperative cognitive dysfunction and peripheral inflammation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery
Authors: Quan Chengxuan , Chen Jia , Luo Yuting , Zhou Lei , He Xi , Liao Yan , Chou Jing , Guo Qulian , Chen Alex F. , Wen Ouyang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical complication, with an underlying pathophysiology linked to heightened levels of neuroinflammation. However, it requires clarification as to whether the depth of anesthesia modulates postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study investigated the association between depth of anesthesia and POCD in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery.MethodsA total of 120 patients aged 60 years or older who were planned for abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia were included in this study. The depth of anesthesia was guided by monitoring Bispectral Index (BIS) data. All study participants completed a battery of nine neuropsychological tests before surgery and at 7 days and 3 months after surgery. POCD was calculated by using the reliable change index. Plasma concentration of C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐10, S‐100β, and norepinephrine (NE) were measured.ResultsThe incidence of POCD at 7 days after surgery in the deep anesthesia group was 19.2% (10/52), which was significantly lower (p = 0.032) than the light anesthesia group 39.6% (21/53). The depth of anesthesia had no effect on POCD at 3 months after surgery (10.3% vs 14.6%, respectively, p = 0.558). Similarly, plasma levels of CRP and IL‐1β in deep anesthesia group were lower than that in light anesthesia group at 7 days after surgery (p < 0.05), but not at 3 months after surgery (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the plasma concentration of IL‐10, S‐100β, and NE between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsDeep anesthesia under total intravenous anesthesia could decrease the occurrence of short‐term POCD and inhibit postoperative peripheral inflammation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery, compared with light anesthesia.