bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disilane Cleavage with Selected Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Salts
Authors: Santowski Tobias , Sturm Alexander G. , Lewis Kenrick M. , Felder Thorsten , Holthausen Max C. , Auner Norbert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe industry‐scale production of methylchloromonosilanes in the Müller–Rochow Direct Process is accompanied by the formation of a residue, the direct process residue (DPR), comprised of disilanes MenSi2Cl6‐n (n=1–6). Great research efforts have been devoted to the recycling of these disilanes into monosilanes to allow reintroduction into the siloxane production chain. In this work, disilane cleavage by using alkali and alkaline earth metal salts is reported. The reaction with metal hydrides, in particular lithium hydride (LiH), leads to efficient reduction of chlorine containing disilanes but also induces disproportionation into mono‐ and oligosilanes. Alkali and alkaline earth chlorides, formed in the course of the reduction, specifically induce disproportionation of highly chlorinated disilanes, whereas highly methylated disilanes (n>3) remain unreacted. Nearly quantitative DPR conversion into monosilanes was achieved by using concentrated HCl/ether solutions in the presence of lithium chloride.
Fmoc‐Dipeptide/Porphyrin Molar Ratio Dictates Energy Transfer Efficiency in Nanostructures Produced by Biocatalytic Co‐Assembly
Authors: Wijerathne Nadeesha K. , Kumar Mohit , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe controlled self‐assembly of porphyrin derivatives (TCPP, tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) within Fmoc‐protected (Fmoc=9‐Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) dipeptide (Fmoc‐TL‐NH2) nanofibers is demonstrated. The biocatalytic co‐assembly in aqueous medium generated an energy transfer hydrogel. Depending on the concentrations of porphyrin used, the resulting nanofibrous gels show two distinct regions of self‐assembly behavior that is, integration of TCPP into nanostructures to produce two‐component co‐assembly fibers, or heterogeneous self‐aggregation of TCPP within the self‐assembled matrix observed at higher concentrations. The mode of assembly directly impacts on the energy transfer efficiency of these nanostructures. These results show that reversible biocatalytic co‐assembly of structural and functional components enables fine‐tuning of peptide/porphyrin energy transfer nanostructures.
A new sol‐gel route alumina for selective oxidation of H2S to sulphur
Authors: Tasdemir H. Mehmet , Yagizatli Yavuz , Yasyerli Sena , Yasyerli Nail , Dogu Gulsen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, a new synthesis method was developed for the production of modified sol‐gel alumina (SG‐M) for the selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulphur. The catalytic activity of this modified alumina without any active metal incorporation was then compared with the activity of commercial alumina (alumina‐com) for H2S selective oxidation. The N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm showed that the SG‐M alumina synthesized in this work has a mesoporous structure with well‐defined hysteresis loops. Both alumina materials showed a γ‐Al2O3 crystalline phase with an amorphous structure in their crystal structure. The surface acidity of the alumina materials was determined using pyridine‐adsorbed FTIR analyses, and both alumina showed Lewis acid sites on their surfaces. The catalytic activity tests were performed at 250°C using a feed ratio of O2/H2S:0.5. The complete conversion of H2S over SG‐M was achieved during 400 minutes of reaction time. However, the commercial alumina lost its activity at earlier reaction times. Lewis acid sites and surface hydroxyl groups caused the alumina to be active in H2S selective catalytic oxidation, and the formation of Al‐S bonds, observed when the H2S conversion fell, caused a decrease in the catalytic activity of the alumina materials. A high sulphur yield (≥95%) was obtained over SG‐M, even though there was no active metal incorporation and even in the presence of excess oxygen. Considering the catalytic activities, the new sol‐gel alumina synthesized in this work is superior to commercial alumina. It was concluded that, as a catalyst without any active metal, SG‐M is a promising catalyst in H2S selective oxidation to sulphur.
Patient and caregiver perceptions of lymphoma care and research opportunities: A qualitative study
Authors: Payne Jackelyn B. , Dance Kaylin V. , Farone Monique , Phan Anh , Ho Cathy D. , Gutierrez Meghan , Chen Lillian , Flowers Christopher R. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAlthough the number of lymphoma survivors has increased, the needs and research priorities of survivors and their caregivers rarely are examined and addressed. Determining the needs and priorities for this population requires an assessment of the attitudes and experiences of patients and caregivers. The authors conducted a qualitative study with lymphoma survivors and their caregivers to determine care needs and research priorities.MethodsIn the first phase, 2 semistructured focus groups were conducted with 15 lymphoma survivors and their caregivers. In phase 2, a total of 19 individual semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with lymphoma survivors and their caregivers. In both phases, participants discussed cancer experiences and research priorities. All interviews were transcribed. MAXQDA software (version 18.0.8) was used for coding and identifying themes.ResultsThe majority of participants felt disconnected from their clinical care team due to a lack of communication. Focus group participants noted a lack of information regarding diagnoses, treatment, research, and survivorship care. Participants coped with fear through strong social support and fostering relationships with their clinical care teams. Some caregivers felt completely ignored by clinicians. Participants expressed interest in research, but had difficulty finding relevant studies. Several interviewees desired holistic and survivorship‐oriented research and more studies regarding quality of life and mental health.ConclusionsThe results of the current study identified unmet needs in clinical care and patient‐oriented research, including needs for a focus on quality of life after treatment, communication between patients and the scientific community, and emotional well‐being. Health care professionals can use these data to provide care delivery, supportive services, and research that meets the needs of lymphoma survivors and their caregivers.
The T cell receptor (TRA) locus in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Genomic features and consequences for invariant T cells
Authors: Mondot Stanislas , Lantz Olivier , Lefranc Marie‐Paule , Boudinot Pierre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rabbit has been widely used in immunology and infectiology. Rabbit immunoglobulins have been extensively studied, leading to the discovery of their idiotypes, allotypic diversity, and of the diversification of the primary repertoire by hyperconversion. Much less is known about rabbit T cell receptors (TR), especially TRA. This isotype is particularly important for innate‐like T cells, which typically express invariant TRA (iTRA). The presence of such cells in the rabbit remains an enigma. Rabbit NKT cells seem to be very rare, and lagomorphs lack MAIT cells. TRAV1, the variable gene expressed in the iTRA of these cells across most mammals, and MR1, the MH1‐like receptor that present riboflavin derivatives to MAIT cells, are missing in rabbit. An alternative iTRA has been identified, that may be expressed by new innate‐like T cells. To facilitate TRA repertoire analyses in rabbit, we report here a full description of TRA and TRD loci and a subgroup definition based on IMGT® classification. Rabbit TRA rearrangements follow the same temporal pattern that is observed in mouse and human. Rare transcripts expressing TRDV/TRDD/TRDJ rearrangements spliced to TRAC were detected. TRA and TRD genes have been made available in IMGT and IMGT/HighV‐QUEST, allowing easy analysis of TRA/TRD RepSeq.
Controls on the lateral channel‐migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse non‐cohesive sediment
Authors: Bufe Aaron , Turowski Jens M. , Burbank Douglas W. , Paola Chris , Wickert Andrew D. , Tofelde Stefanie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLateral movements of alluvial river channels control the extent and reworking rates of alluvial fans, floodplains, deltas, and alluvial sections of bedrock rivers. These lateral movements can occur by gradual channel migration or by sudden changes in channel position (avulsions). Whereas models exist for rates of river avulsion, we lack a detailed understanding of the rates of lateral channel migration on the scale of a channel belt. In a two‐step process, we develop here an expression for the lateral migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse, non‐cohesive sediment. On the basis of photographic and topographic data from laboratory experiments of braided channels performed under constant external boundary conditions, we first explore the impact of autogenic variations of the channel‐system geometry (i.e. channel‐bank heights, water depths, channel‐system width, and channel slope) on channel‐migration rates. In agreement with theoretical expectations, we find that, under such constant boundary conditions, the laterally reworked volume of sediment is constant and lateral channel‐migration rates scale inversely with the channel‐bank height. Furthermore, when channel‐bank heights are accounted for, lateral migration rates are independent of the remaining channel geometry parameters. These constraints allow us, in a second step, to derive two alternative expressions for lateral channel‐migration rates under different boundary conditions using dimensional analysis. Fits of a compilation of laboratory experiments to these expressions suggest that, for a given channel bank‐height, migration rates are strongly sensitive to water discharges and more weakly sensitive to sediment discharges. In addition, external perturbations, such as changes in sediment and water discharges or base level fall, can indirectly affect lateral channel‐migration rates by modulating channel‐bank heights. © 2019 The Author. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 The Author. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caching mechanism for mobile edge computing in V2I networks
Authors: Luo Zhaohui , LiWang Minghui , Huang Lianfen , Du Xiaojiang , Guizani Mohsen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe caching‐enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) system becomes increasingly crucial to the future long‐term evolution vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (LTE‐V2I) network, especially for fast delivery of popular content of delay‐sensitive applications in the backhaul capacity–limited vehicular networks. Most related studies mainly focus on computation offloading strategy design and coding caching, while the deployment strategy design of caching capacities for high‐speed vehicles has been overlooked. In this paper, we investigate the deployment problem in LTE‐V2I networks with particular consideration on high‐speed vehicles. First, in a one‐way scenario, a joint optimization framework is formulated to minimize the cache size of the MEC system, meanwhile maximizing the average downloading percentage, where the MEC system's backhaul capacities, vehicle speeds, content popularity distributions, and sides of the highway are taken into account. The impacts of LTE‐V2I system parameters, eg, vehicle speed, on the objective function are revealed through the one‐way optimization. Then, the two‐way optimization is formulated and solved by developing an iterative optimization approach based on the aforementioned one‐way scenario. Particularly, the optimal caching allocation between two ways is derived. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches even with low backhaul capacities and high vehicle speed.
Design of optimized energy system based on active energy‐saving technologies in very low‐energy smart buildings
Authors: Qamar Affaq , Iqbal Javed , Saher Saim , Shah Arif Ali , Basit Abdul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe International Energy Agency proclaims that the energy utilization by commercial buildings makes up 28% of the world's total energy consumption. This research is aimed at finding various optimum ways to minimize energy consumption for existing commercial buildings. A three‐layer framework is proposed to achieve active energy saving and to transform an existing building into very low‐energy building. The building considered is the postgraduate studies research lab that can have 15 workstations. The building site (envelop) is made scalable by dividing the site area into zones and each zone is monitored via a sensor node, which monitors occupant behavior and acts as a controlling agent between the source and the load. The use of photovoltaic as renewable generation is a sustainable and environment‐friendly way and thus, is added to the existing building to conserve energy. A 6 kW grid‐tied monocrystalline photovoltaic‐based renewable energy system has been added to the building to meet energy requirements and envisage its aftereffect on the energy conservation. The energy‐efficient appliances have been used as loads to minimize the energy consumption. The installed system has a payback period of 6 years, while the proposed framework can achieve maximum energy efficiency of 90%.
Performance analysis of vertical handover techniques based on IEEE 802.21: Media independent handover standard
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Khan Murad , Afaq Muhammad , Ali Amjad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe introduction of new technologies such as the new families of IEEE, third or fourth generation with long term evolution support, and WiMAX provide support for high data rate in heterogeneous networks. Providing uninterrupted and continuous connectivity across these technologies is a challenging job for the researchers in the last decade. However, researchers have worked hard to develop a generic platform for the interoperability between different networks. The IEEE has made one of the important developments in this regard in the form of IEEE 802.21: media independent handover (MIH) standard. Recently, several research works have been carried out to enhance the functionality and to work of this standard. In this article, we surveyed the well‐known and important schemes that have been proposed for migration of a session from Wi‐Fi to cellular and WiMAX technologies based on MIH standard. We also investigate different parameters that directly affect the performance of a handover process.
A new global dataset of phase synchronization of temperature and precipitation: Its climatology and contribution to global vegetation productivity
Authors: Sun Zhigang , Ouyang Zhu , Zhang Xubo , Ren Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBesides cumulative temperature and precipitation, the phase synchronization of temperature and precipitation also helps to regulate vegetation distribution and productivity across global lands. However, the phase synchronization has been rarely considered in previous studies related to climate and biogeography due to a lack of a robust and quantitative approach. In this study, we proposed a synchronization index of temperature and precipitation (SI‐TaP) and then investigated its global spatial distribution, interannual fluctuation, and long‐term trend derived from a global 60‐year dataset of meteorological forcings. Further investigation was conducted to understand the relationship between SI‐TaP and the annually summed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which could be a proxy of terrestrial vegetation productivity. Results show differences in both spatial patterns and temporal variations between SI‐TaP and air temperature and precipitation, but SI‐TaP may help to explain the distribution and productivity of terrestrial vegetation. About 60% of regions where annually summed NDVI is greater than half of its maximum value overlap regions where SI‐TaP is greater than half of its maximum value. By using SI‐TaP to explain vegetation productivity along with temperature and precipitation, the maximum increase in the coefficient of determination is 0.66 across global lands. Results from this study suggest that the proposed SI‐TaP index is helpful to better understand climate change and its relation to the biota.
Experiment study on the correlation between the CO2 adsorption capacity and electrical resistivity of coal with temperature effect
Authors: Lyu Chao , Hao Shu‐Qing , Sun Qiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the CO2 adsorption capacity and electrical resistivity of coal. The H‐Sorb 2600 high pressure gas adsorption analyzer is used to measure the CO2 sorption capacity in the temperature range of 25–55°C for anthracite coal. In addition, the TH2811D LCR meter is used to examine the electrical resistivity of raw coal samples and coal briquettes from 15°C to 65°C. The results indicate that there is a critical pressure threshold depending on the coal types and the pattern of changes in CO2 adsorption capacity changes when this threshold is exceeded. The electrical resistivity of raw coal samples decreases linearly and then slightly decreases at temperatures above 45°C and the electrical resistivity decreases approximately linearly from 15°C to 65°C for the coal briquettes due to lower compactness compared with the raw coal samples. The CO2 adsorption capacity has a power function with the electrical conductivity of the raw coal samples and coal briquettes. The power exponent of the power function is related to the porosity of coal. The results of the experiments indicate that it is effective to estimate the CO2 adsorption capacity of coal from the electrical conductivity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous gravity observation with a superconducting gravimeter at the Tomakomai CCS demonstration site, Japan: applicability to ground‐based monitoring of offshore CO2 geological storage
Authors: Goto Hiroki , Sugihara Mituhiko , Ikeda Hiroshi , Nishi Yuji , Ishido Tsuneo , Sorai Masao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGravimetric techniques are used for monitoring the distribution and migration of CO2 stored in geological formations. Superconducting gravimeters (SGs), because of their high sensitivity, can enable continuous ground‐based monitoring of offshore CO2 storage. For offshore monitoring purposes, gravity stations should be located near the seashore to maximize the signal of interest. We observed gravity continuously with an SG near the seashore at the Tomakomai carbon dioxide capture and storage demonstration site in Japan to assess variation of the observed gravity and to evaluate the applicability of this technique for monitoring of large‐scale offshore storage. Strong noise caused by strong winds and ocean waves was removed by low‐pass filtering. The noise did not fundamentally affect long‐term gravity changes. The observed gravity was affected strongly by shallow groundwater level changes but the effects were sufficiently corrected by expressing their effects as a summation of linear functions of groundwater level changes. Considering all possible effects on gravity, the standard deviation of the gravity residuals during 85 days of observation was minimized to 7.5–8.2 nm s–2. Based on the model setting of the Tomakomai site, the estimated annual gravity changes caused by industrial‐scale injection (1 MtCO2 year–1) into a hypothetical offshore formation (1 km depth) were –2.8 to –3.3 nm s–2 under different saturation conditions. The estimated changes exceed the observed standard deviation in 2.3–2.9 years. These results suggest that injection‐induced gravity changes can be detected using SG within a few years. Therefore, the present ground‐based gravimetric technique can contribute to long‐term monitoring of offshore storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Renal Function Impairment: A Cross‐Sectional Population‐Based Study on Its Relationship From 1999 to 2016
Authors: Le Michael H. , Yeo Yee Hui , Henry Linda , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: July 2019

There is growing evidence that links nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with impairment of renal function. As such, we aimed to demonstrate the trend of NAFLD, NAFLD with renal insufficiency (RI), disease awareness, and mortality over time. Patient data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999‐2016. A total of 14,255 adult study participants without competing liver disease or heavy drinking and with complete laboratory data were included. NAFLD was defined using the U.S. Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) and RI was defined using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation and urine albumin:creatinine ratio. Death data were obtained from the National Death Index (up to December 31, 2015). Prevalence of NAFLD in participants was 31.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.01‐32.46); of these participants, 22.05% (95% CI, 20.34‐23.85) had RI. From 1999 to 2016, prevalence of both NAFLD without RI (P = 0.048) and NAFLD‐RI (P = 0.006) increased significantly. Among those with NAFLD‐RI, awareness of kidney disease was 8.56% (95% CI, 6.69‐10.89), while awareness of liver disease among all NAFLD was 4.49% (95% CI, 3.17‐6.33). Among those with NAFLD, mortality incidence per 1,000 person years was highest among those with severe RI in all‐cause mortality (104.4; 95% CI, 83.65‐130.39) and other residual causes of mortality (mean, 50.88; 95% CI, 37.02‐69.93). Conclusion: Prevalence of NAFLD and NAFLD‐RI has increased over the past 2 decades in the United States. Low kidney disease and liver disease awareness are major public health issues as those with NAFLD‐RI have significantly higher mortality than those with only NAFLD.
Australian women’s self‐perceived barriers to participation in cervical cancer screening: A systematic review
Authors: Nagendiram Archana , Bougher Hannah , Banks Jennifer , Hall Leanne , Heal Clare 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAustralia has recently introduced a new screening program for cervical cancer. There has also been a decline in participation rates for cervical screening.AimTo complete a systematic literature review of the factors that prevent Australian women from participating in cervical screening.MethodsAuthors searched CINAHL, Medline, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library to obtain articles discussing Australian women's self‐identified barriers to cervical screening. Quantitative studies published in peer‐reviewed journals after 1991 were considered. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42018105028.ResultsThe final search produced 1749 studies, with 13 quantitative papers included in the narrative synthesis after screening by two independent reviewers. No articles were excluded due to bias.DiscussionSelf‐identified barriers to screening were categorised into personal, practitioner, test‐related and logistical factors. The most commonly stated barriers included lack of time, embarrassment, fear of results, irrelevance and male health professionals. The use of HPV triage in cervical screening was not a barrier to screening, however, some women regarded self‐collected HPV testing as a barrier. Barriers to self‐collection included desire for the general practitioner to complete the test, fear of doing the test incorrectly, wishing to include it in a general check‐up and concerns about the test itself.ConclusionA variety of personal, practitioner, test‐related and logistical barriers negatively impact the screening participation of Australian women. Further research into barriers in the Australian population, and women's attitudes towards HPV testing and self‐collection is required to create effective health interventions to improve participation in cervical screening.