bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE VIRTUE OF A HISTORIAN: A DIALOGUE BETWEEN HERMAN PAUL AND CHINESE THEORISTS OF HISTORY
Authors: ROGACZ DAWID 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on the role of scholarly virtues in the Chinese theory of history and compares it with the recent approach proposed by Herman Paul. The first three parts reconstruct what might be called a “Chinese virtue epistemology of history,” starting from Confucian views on sincerity in writing history and then turns to concepts of an “unbiased mind” and the “responsibility of a historian.” The latter ideas were developed by Zhang Xuecheng (1738–1801), who introduced the concept of “the virtue of a historian (shide),” treating it as a sympathetic understanding toward the narrated characters. Interpretations of shide changed along with modern Chinese theorists of history, some of whom elaborated on it in the positivist manner. Thereafter, the article outlines Paul's view on the function of epistemic virtues in the formation of “historical persona.” In the summary, I will draw upon the main similarities and differences between Paul's position and the traditional Chinese view in order to point out the main directions for further research on this topic.
Association between lactic acid sting test scores, self‐assessed sensitive skin scores and biophysical properties in Chinese females
Authors: Ding D.‐M. , Tu Y. , Man M.‐Q. , Wu W.‐J. , Lu F.‐Y. , Li X. , Li Y. , Yang J.‐T. , Jin Y.‐M. , Yang C.‐Y. , He L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundLactic acid sting test (LAST) is a classical method to identify sensitive skin. However, some subjects with self‐perceived sensitive skin are negative for LAST.ObjectiveTo determine whether LAST scores are associated with specific phenotype of sensitive skin.MethodsA total of 292 subjects with self‐perceived sensitive skin were enrolled in this study. The Sensitive Scale was used to evaluate the severity of burning, stinging, itching, tautness, erythema and scaling based on 0–10 scale scores. In addition to the assessment of LAST scores, epidermal biophysical properties were measured using an MPA system.ResultsThe Sensitive Scale scores of stinging, itching, tautness and scaling were significantly different between the LAST‐positive and ‐negative groups. However, burning and erythema scores did not differ between the LAST‐positive and ‐negative groups. LAST scores were positively correlated with the Sensitive Scale scores for stinging, itching, tautness and scaling, but not for burning and erythema scores. Moreover, LAST scores negatively correlated with stratum corneum hydration, but positively with transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates.ConclusionsLactic acid sting test scores positively correlated with TEWL rates. LAST scores could be used to identify subjects with sensitive skin characterized mainly by stinging and itching, but not those mainly by burning and erythema.
A simple approach for improving high‐temperature mechanical and insulation performance in chamotte with added zircon
Authors: Xiang Ruofei , Li Yuanbing , Li Shujing , Xue Zhengliang , He Zhiyong , Wang Liwang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChamotte is one of the most commonly used raw materials for aluminosilicate refractories. The present work concerns the high‐temperature performance of the chamotte‐zircon composite. The crystalline phase, mechanical property, and thermal conductivity were evaluated. In addition, the finite element method was applied to analyze stress distribution. Zircon accelerated the melting of cristobalite in chamotte during sintering. After adding zircon, a drastic elastic modulus change at about 230°C was avoided, and the infrared shielding effect of zircon reduced the thermal conductivity when the temperature was greater than 500°C. At last, based on the results of finite element method, increasing zircon content reduced stress concentration.
Role of Regional Consultative Processes in the lead up to the Negotiations of Global Compact on Migration: The Case of Africa
Authors: Maiyegun Olawale 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRegional consultative process was part of the preparations for the negotiations of the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). In Africa, the process was managed by the AU, UNECA and IOM and produced the Continental Report that fed into the global report of the UN Secretary General and the Common African Position (CAP) to the GCM. They were endorsed at the highest political level and guided the African states during the compact's negotiations. The article examines the regional consultations and development of these two documents, and highlights their history and normative contents that reflected on the performance of Africa during the negotiations and contributions to the outcome of the GCM. The African member states negotiated as a group, they spoke with one voice and made constructive alliances. Through process‐tracing, the article determines that Africa impacted and made significant contributions to the outcome of the GCM.
Chemical modification in and on single phase [NiO]0.5[Al2O3]0.5 nanopowders produces “chocolate chip‐like” Nix@[NiO]0.5‐x[Al2O3]0.5 nanocomposite nanopowders
Authors: Wang Fei , Sun Kai , Yi Eongyu , Laine Richard M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhase‐pure [NiO]0.5[Al2O3]0.5 spinel nanoparticles (NPs) with limited aggregation were obtained via liquid‐feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF‐FSP) by combusting metalloorganic precursor solutions. Thereafter “chocolate chip‐like” Nix[NiO0.5‐x][Al2O3]0.5 nanoparticles consisting of primary [NiO0.5‐x][Al2O3]0.5 particles with average particle sizes of 40‐60 nm decorated with Ni metal particles (<10 nm in diameter) dispersed on the surface were synthesized by heat treating the spinel NPs at 800°C/7 h in flowing 5% H2:N2 100 mL/min in a fluidized bed reactor. The synthesized materials were characterized using TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTA. The Ni depleted areas consist primarily of γ‐Al2O3. The Ni content (800°C) was determined by TGA to be ≈11.3 wt.% based on TGA oxidation behavior. The successful synthesis of such nanocomposites with limited aggregation on a high temperature support provides a facile route to synthesize well‐defined NP catalysts. This work serves as a baseline study for an accompanying paper, wherein thin, flexible, dense films made from these same NPs are used as regenerable catalysts for carbon nanotube syntheses.
Causation and Liability to Defensive Harm
Authors: Christie Lars 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn influential view in the ethics of self‐defence is that causal responsibility for an unjust threat is a necessary requirement for liability to defensive harm. In this article, I argue against this view by providing intuitive counterexamples and by revealing weaknesses in the arguments offered in its favour. In response, adherents of the causal view have advanced the idea that although causally inefficacious agents are not liable to defensive harm, the fact that they may deserve harm can justify harming them in the course of defending oneself. I argue that this strategy is ad hoc and leads to more problems than it solves. Once we allow normative facts outside our account of liability to affect a person's moral protection against harm, the lieability verdicts cannot tell us whether there is a relevant moral asymmetry between the victim and the target of defence. In conclusion, the causal view is wrong and causal responsibility for an unjust threat is not a necessary requirement for liability to defensive harm.
Bipolar ablation of refractory atrial and ventricular arrhythmias: Importance of temperature values of intracardiac return electrodes
Authors: Futyma Piotr , Ciąpała Kamil , Głuszczyk Ryszard , Sander Jarosław , Futyma Marian , Kułakowski Piotr 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionBipolar radiofrequency catheter ablation (Bi‐RFCA) emerged as an option for treatment of arrhythmias resistant to the conventional approach. Data on safety issues of Bi‐RFCA, including temperature values of intracardiac return electrode (IRE) are lacking.ObjectiveTo determine the safety profile of Bi‐RFCA regarding temperature measurements obtained from nonirrigated IRE of different sizes.MethodsThe study group consisted of consecutive patients after failed conventional RFCA who underwent Bi‐RFCA.ResultsOut of 1510 RFCA performed in our center, 19 patients underwent Bi‐RFCA due to refractory to previous RFCA ventricular arrhythmias (15 patients) or typical atrial flutter (four patients). Nonirrigated small (4 mm) and large (8 mm) tip catheters were used as IRE in 14 (including three cross‐overs to 8 mm IRE) and five patients, respectively. A total number of 164 bipolar applications were performed (128 for 4 mm and 36 for 8 mm IRE). Maximal temperatures of 4 mm IRE were significantly higher than those of 8 mm IRE (63°C ± 16°C vs 43°C ± 4°C; P = .027). A significant rise of temperature and steam‐pops, preventing further Bi‐RFCA, occurred in seven patients treated with 4 mm IRE. Bi‐RFCA using 4 mm IRE operated at significantly higher impedance values (211 ± 83 vs 143 ± 38; P = .04) and lower power values (mean 20 W ± 6 W vs 32 W ± 7 W, P = .0005; max 29 W ± 9 W vs 39 W ± 10 W, P = .027).ConclusionThe use of 8 mm IRE for Bi‐RFCA is associated with lower temperatures of the catheter used as ground and lower incidence of steam‐pops which may suggest a better safety profile than 4 mm IRE. Determination of safety/efficacy balance requires further studies.
Prognostic value of high‐sensitive troponin T for predicting cardiovascular events after atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Tamura Shota , Doi Atsushi , Matsuo Masanori , Katayama Hisashi , Yoshiyama Tomotaka , Tatsumi Hiroaki , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Yoshiyama Minoru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the utility of high‐sensitive troponin T (hs‐TnT) for predicting AF recurrence and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after AF ablation.Methods and ResultsA total of 227 consecutive patients with AF (mean age, 66 ± 10 years; persistent AF, n = 98) who underwent an initial ablation were enrolled. We measured hs‐TnT before AF ablation and divided the patients into three groups according to the hs‐TnT level: low, lesser than or equal to 0.005 µg/L (n = 54); medium, 0.006–0.013 µg/L (n = 127); and high, greater than or equal to0.014 µg/L (n = 46). We evaluated the composite endpoint of AF recurrence or MACE (including death, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure hospitalization) after the ablation. The median hs‐TnT level was 0.008 µg/L. The values of chronic kidney disease prevalence, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, B‐type natriuretic peptide level, and left atrial diameter were the highest in the high hs‐TnT group among the three groups. During a mean follow‐up of 15 ± 8 months, AF recurrence and MACE occurred in 56 (25%) and 9 (4%) patients, respectively. The high hs‐TnT group had the highest incidence of AF recurrence and MACE among the three groups (high: 39% and 15%, medium: 22% and 2%, and low: 19% and 0%, respectively; log‐rank P < .05). In multivariate analysis, hs‐TnT greater than or equal to 0.014 µg/L and persistent AF were independent predictors of the composite endpoint.ConclusionHs‐TnT may be a useful marker for predicting AF recurrence or MACE after AF ablation.
Factors influencing clinical practice guideline uptake by South African physiotherapists: A qualitative investigation of barriers and facilitators
Authors: Stander Jessica , Grimmer Karen , Brink Yolandi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRationaleClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) should provide busy health care professionals with easy‐to‐use tools that support efficient uptake of current best evidence in daily clinical practice. However, CPG uptake rarely occurs at the speed of evidence production. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing CPG uptake among South African (SA) physiotherapists (PTs).MethodAn exploratory, descriptive qualitative study design was used, within an interpretative research paradigm. A phenomenological approach was taken, as the study aimed to explore the phenomenon of CPG uptake by SA PTs and how the themes and subthemes related to each other within this phenomenon. Semistructured interviews were undertaken via telephone calls that were audiotaped and independently transcribed. An inductive and deductive thematic content analysis approach was taken where the transcript content was analysed by hand.FindingsThirty‐one PTs from the private, public, and education sectors participated in the interviews. The main themes identified were resources, training, and organizational factors. The SA PT workforce, particularly that in the public sector, is limited and patient load and need is high. Time to implement and stay up‐to‐date with current evidence were barriers for many interviewees. Participants also perceived CPG uptake as not being financially rewarding. Training in CPG uptake was mostly perceived as a facilitator, and the PTs felt that they would be more inclined to implement CPGs if they felt more confident in how to source and use CPGs, particularly if they were incentivized to undertake such training. Roles, responsibilities, and power in the health care team were perceived as being both organizational barriers and, conversely, facilitators, depending on work environments.ConclusionsThe findings of this study generally concur with previous studies about PT barriers to CPG uptake; however, it provides novel information on barrier contexts in one LMIC with complex PT service delivery.
Which patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism should receive extended anticoagulation with direct oral anticoagulants? A systematic review, network meta‐analysis, and decision analysis
Authors: Djulbegovic Mia , Lee Alfred Ian , Chen Kevin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) effectively prevent recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it is unknown which agents should be used to prevent recurrent VTE and which patients with unprovoked VTE should receive extended anticoagulation. We therefore sought to compare the efficacy and safety among DOACs for secondary prevention of VTE. We also determined a risk‐adapted threshold for initiating extended anticoagulation based on the likelihood of VTE recurrence (without treatment) and bleeding (with treatment) in patients with unprovoked VTE.MethodsOur systematic review of randomized controlled trials compares extended anticoagulation with DOACs to another DOAC, aspirin, or placebo for the prevention of recurrent VTE. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in October 2018. Our outcomes of interest were VTE recurrence, major bleeding, and all clinically relevant bleeding. We used network meta‐analysis to make indirect comparisons among DOACs. We populated the threshold decision‐analytic model with data from our meta‐analysis to determine the risk of VTE recurrence above which the benefits of extended anticoagulation outweigh the harms compared with no treatment.ResultsWe included four, high‐quality, randomized trials comprising 8386 participants. Low‐dose apixaban, full‐dose apixaban, low‐dose rivaroxaban, full‐dose rivaroxaban, and dabigatran reduce VTE recurrence compared with placebo (RR = 0.19, 95% CI, 0.12‐0.31; RR = 0.20, 95% CI, 0.12‐0.32; RR = 0.08, 95% CI, 0.03‐0.27; RR = 0.14, 95% CI, 0.06‐0.35; RR = 0.19, 95% CI, 0.09‐0.40, respectively). No DOACs increased major bleeding risk compared with placebo. A VTE recurrence risk above 0.3% to 0.4% at approximately 1 year is the threshold to treat a patient with unprovoked VTE with extended anticoagulation (with any DOAC).ConclusionsAll DOACs exhibit comparable efficacy for the prevention of recurrent VTE. Given that the risk of VTE recurrence is much higher than the calculated threshold for treatment, extended thromboprophylaxis should be considered in all patients with unprovoked VTE who do not have increased bleeding risk.
One‐year bleaching efficacy using two HP products with different pH: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bersezio Cristian , Martín Javier , Prieto María V. , Meneses Pablo , Angel Pablo , Eduardo Fernández G. , Loguercio Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis split‐mouth, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial evaluated the 1‐year bleaching efficacy produced by two hydrogen peroxide gels with different pHs.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight patients were divided into two groups corresponding to two different products: Pola Office (pH = 2.0/SDI) and Pola Office Plus (pH = 7.0/SDI). The treatment was assessed during and after the bleaching procedure up to 12 months post‐treatment. The assessment consisted of two bleaching scales shade guide units (ΔSGU) and spectrophotometric device (ΔE, ΔE00, and Whiteness Index) of both maxillary quadrants. Results for ΔSGUs in both scales and ΔE00 and Whiteness Index were compared using Mann Whitney test and ΔE measurements through the t‐Student test for paired samples in each evaluation time. The color rebound (1‐ vs 12‐month postbleaching data) was evaluated with Wilcoxon test (alpha = .05).ResultsDuring the different times of evaluation, the color variation was similar for both products (P > .05), both for subjective (ΔSGUs) and objective assessments (ΔE, ΔE00, and Whiteness Index). Also, both products showed a slight rebound after 12‐month postbleaching (P > .05).ConclusionsConcerning the stability of color, in‐office dental whitening with two hydrogen peroxide gels of different pHs produced similar results, with no significant of regression, for 12 months postwhitening.Clinical SignificanceBleaching using a neutral (pH = 7.0) in‐office gel demonstrated similar stability and rebound effect than an acidic one (pH = 2.0).
Temporal changes in size‐at‐maturity of black dogfish Centroscyllium fabricii
Authors: Hedeholm Rasmus , Qvist Trine , Nielsen Julius , Grønkjær Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBy examining the maturity of 283 black dogfish Centroscyllium fabricii from Greenland waters, a shift in size‐at‐maturity in both sexes over the past 25 years is observed. Size‐at‐first maturity decreased approximately 10 cm in both sexes, and L50 and L95 shifted similarly in males, but not in females. It is argued that bycatch in the Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides fishery has contributed to the observed shift, but also emphasised that such a distinct change could have a methodological component as well as being subject to effects of environmental change.
Systematic relationships of sympatric pipefishes (Syngnathus spp.): A mismatch between morphological and molecular variation
Authors: Garcia Eric , Rice Cristy A. , Eernisse Douglas J. , Forsgren Kristy L. , Quimbayo Juan P. , Rouse Greg W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnalyses of mitochondrial DNA and morphological variation were performed on specimens of all five currently recognised Syngnathus pipefish species from the eastern Pacific Ocean with type localities currently considered to lie within the Californian marine biogeographic province: kelp pipefish Syngnathus californiensis, bay pipefish S. leptorhynchus, barred pipefish S. auliscus, barcheek pipefish S. exilis and chocolate pipefish S. euchrous. Results consistently differentiate S. auliscus from the other species and fail to distinguish all other specimens as distinct species, as indicated by extensive morphological overlap as well as incomplete lineage sorting and considerably low genetic divergence for 16s and coI genes(<1%). This study presents a taxonomic revision of eastern Pacific Syngnathus spp. and proposes the synonymy of S. leptorhynchus, S. euchrous and S. exilis, under the senior synonym, S. californiensis. There is still a need to study populations of Syngnathus spp. from north and south of the Californian province to assess whether these too are synonyms of the two‐species recognised here.
Anti‐apoptotic traits in gingival tissue from patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis
Authors: Figueredo Carlos Marcelo , Alves Juliana Cardoso , de Souza Breves Beiler Tatiane Flôr Coelho , Fischer Ricardo Guimarães 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimIn the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cytosolic and nuclear‐mitochondrial expression of pro‐apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic markers in gingival tissue from patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis (sGCP).MethodsTwenty‐four patients participated in the study: 15 (54.3 + 8.3 years) with sGCP and nine (38.2 + 5.4 years) with gingivitis alone. Gingival tissue was collected using a 1.5‐mm diameter punch and homogenized using a cell disruptor. The supernatants were analyzed for the cytosolic and nuclear‐mitochondrial fractions of caspase‐3, Bax, Bak, Smac, lamin B, Bad, Bim, survivin, Bcl‐xL, Mcl‐1, and of the dimers Bcl‐2/Bax, Bcl‐xL/Bak and Mcl‐1/Bak using a multiplex immunoassay.ResultsSignificantly higher levels of cytosolic Bcl‐xL/Bak, nuclear‐mitochondrial Mcl‐1/Bak, and cytosolic Bcl‐xL were observed in gingival tissues from periodontitis patients compared to controls (P = 0.03, 0.03, and 0.05, respectively). The patients with gingivitis presented significantly increased levels of nuclear‐mitochondrial Bad, cytosolic and nuclear‐mitochondrial Bcl‐2/Bax, and cytosolic Bim compared to the patients with periodontitis (P < 0.001, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.04, respectively).ConclusionSignificantly higher levels of anti‐apoptotic markers, such as Bcl‐xL/Bak, Mcl‐1/Bak, and Bcl‐xL, and lower levels of pro‐apoptotic markers Bad and Bim in inflamed tissues indicate an anti‐apoptotic trait in patients with sGCP.
Evaluation of serum level of omentin‐1 in females with hirsutism
Authors: Kenawi Mohammed Z. , Akl Essam M. , Sabry Jehan H. , Mostafa Sara T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHirsutism is a common clinical condition encountered in day‐to‐day practice. The androgenic causes account for more than 80% of these patients and include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which affects about 70%‐80% of hirsute women. The second most common cause is idiopathic hirsutism. Omentin‐1 is an adipokine mainly produced by visceral adipose tissue.AimThe current study aimed at evaluating omentin‐1 levels in hirsute females with PCOS and in idiopathic hirsutism.Patients and MethodsEighty‐five females were included in this study. They were classified into three groups: thirty hirsute patients with PCOS, thirty females with idiopathic hirsutism, and twenty‐five healthy control females. The participants were subjected to history taking, physical and dermatological examination. A gynecological history and radiological examination of the ovary also were done. Serum testosterone and omentin‐1 were measured by ELISA.ResultsSerum testosterone was statistically elevated in PCOS than other groups. Serum omentin‐1 in females with idiopathic hirsutism was statistically significantly higher than control and PCOS. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum testosterone level and serum omentin‐1 level.ConclusionOmentin‐1 may be involved in the pathogenic process of hirsutism.