bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of biosphere reserves by a wide-ranging avian scavenger indicates its significant potential for conservation
Authors: Guido Jorgelina M , Alarcón Pablo AE , Donázar José A , Hiraldo Fernando , Lambertucci Sergio A 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe framing of environmental conservation has been changing, mainly towards a reconciliation between human needs and nature conservation. A major challenge of biosphere reserves (BRs) is the integration of biodiversity conservation and the sustainable development of local communities. Although these areas are large, they are often not large enough to contain the movements of wide-ranging species. We studied immature Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) movements to evaluate their habitat use in relation to protected areas (PAs). We particularly aimed to determine whether BRs significantly increase the protection of this wide-ranging species. We analysed the movement overlap of 26 GPS-tagged birds with the PAs of Patagonia, and we evaluated preferences for particular landscape categories with a use–availability design. Condors were mainly located in unprotected areas (56.4%), whereas 26.4% of locations were within International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) PAs and 17.2% of locations were in BRs (not including IUCN PAs). When compared to availability, birds preferred BRs over other areas, highlighting the importance of BRs in protecting species that forage in humanized areas. However, the lack of controls and management policies expose condors to several threats, such as poisoning and persecution, in both private lands and BRs. Implementing strict management practices for BRs will help to conserve wide-ranging scavengers that feed in humanized areas.
Autobiographical Voices: Performing Absence in Singers’ Memoirs
Authors: White Kimberly 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explores the emergent genre of singers’ autobiographies in late nineteenth-century France. The moment singers took up the pen is telling, as it coincides with their dislodgement in the operatic marketplace from creator and collaborator to interpreter. In their life writings, Gilbert Duprez and Gustave Roger demonstrate a strong preoccupation with revising their public images and the histories that had been written about them. I argue that what critics felt was a flaw – the tenors’ predominant focus on relationships in their autobiographies, rather than on art – reveals how Duprez and Roger sought to reconstruct their artistic identities beyond the voice, locating their most profound contributions in their exchanges and actions within the musical community.
Determining the Parameters of the Ångström‐Prescott Model for Estimating Solar Radiation in Different Regions of China: Calibration and Modeling
Authors: Liu Yujie , Tan Qinghua , Pan Tao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Ångström‐Prescott model (referred to as the A‐P model) is one of the most accurate and widely used models for estimating global solar radiation (Rs). In the absence of Rs measurements and given the regional discrepancy of model parameters, it is crucial to increase the availability of these parameters and the applicability of parameter‐predicted models in different regions. In this study, we evaluated and compared the applicability and performance of the calibrated model and eight predictive models in terms of A‐P model parameters, using daily Rs and meteorological data from 105 radiation stations in seven natural geographic zones in China. These models were evaluated based on their coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error, Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients, percent bias, and global performance indexes. Results indicated that altitude was the main factor determining the Ångström‐Prescott parameters in most regions. All models performed well, with acceptable accuracy across the whole country; however, their performances varied among regions. The best performing predictive models for the northeast region (Zone 1), north China (Zone 2), central China (Zone 3), south China (Zone 4), Inner Mongolia (Zone 5), northwest region (Zone 6), and Qinghai‐Tibet region (Zone 7) were obtained: These were Models 6, 1, 7, 3, 6, 1, and 7, respectively. The present results support the application of these predictive models for the estimation of daily global Rs in the corresponding regions of China, where measured Rs data are not available, and possibly in other regions with a similar climate.
Distinct Impacts of Light and Heavy Precipitation on PM2.5 Mass Concentration in Beijing
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhao Chuanfeng , Su Yunfei , Ma Zhanshan , Li Jiming , Letu Husi , Yang Yikun , Fan Hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing hourly observation data of precipitation and PM2.5 at 12 sites in Beijing from 2015 to 2017, this study investigates the impacts of different types of precipitation on PM2.5 mass concentration, along with the characteristics of precipitation and PM2.5. There were totally 91–123 precipitation events annually, 69.7–79.4% of which has precipitation amount less than 5 mm. By investigating the differences of PM2.5 mass concentration between 1 hr after and before the precipitation events, this study finds distinct impacts of different types of precipitation on PM2.5 mass concentration. For precipitation events with amount of 0.1–0.5 mm, PM2.5 mass concentration increased with precipitation amount with a rate of 0.85 μg/m3 per 0.1 mm. For precipitation events with amount of 0.5–10 mm, there was no clear relationship between precipitation amount and PM2.5 mass concentration. For precipitation events with amount larger than 10 mm, PM2.5 mass concentration decreased with precipitation amount with a rate of 0.17 μg/m3 per 1 mm. Further analysis shows that weak precipitation less than 10 mm increased PM10, and heavy precipitation larger than 10 mm decreased PM10. The aerosol amount also affects the response of PM2.5 to precipitation, with weak pollution prone to increase with precipitation and heavy pollution prone to decrease with precipitation. Likely mechanisms are discussed, which include the aerosol hygroscopic growth and gas‐particle conversion that increase aerosol amount and precipitation scavenging that decreases aerosol amount. Shortly, the mechanisms that increase (decrease) aerosol amount more probably dominate when precipitation is light (heavy).
Tidal Responses to Future Sea Level Trends on the Yellow Sea Shelf
Authors: Feng Xi , Feng Hui , Li Huichao , Zhang Fan , Feng Weibing , Zhang Wei , Yuan Jinjin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractQuantifying how tides evolve with coupling between future sea level rise (SLR) and different coastline configurations is imperative for proposing appropriate coastal defense strategies. By using numerical models, we investigated tidal changes and determined a realistic trend of SLR on the Jiangsu coastal area and adjacent sea on the Yellow Sea shelf. A notable decrease in tidal range occurs in the northern shelf, and the tide increases mainly in the southern shelf. Tidal changes are of both signs, while the increase in sea level is unidirectional. Thus, the SLR effect on tide is not additive in all locations. We also explored the nonlinearity and spatial similarity in tidal range in response to the SLR considering uniform SLR scenarios with multiple levels and allowing inundation of the natural coastline. The patterns of change in tide evolution on the study domain remain linear until the SLR exceeds 2.0 m. Simulations and comparisons are further conducted between the responses of hardened and natural shoreline configurations to SLR. Hardened shoreline introduces both local and remote spatial variability in tidal responses. On the regional scale, SLR induces a shift in the tidal system in the offshore region, which controls the net energy flux into the embayment upon the coast. On the local scale, tidal dynamics are mainly a competition between net energy flux and tidal dissipation and are plausibly influenced by tidal reflection, which depends on whether a basin is tidally reflective.
Characteristics of Ice Clouds Over Mountain Regions Detected by CALIPSO and CloudSat Satellite Observations
Authors: Seiki Tatsuya , Kodama Chihiro , Satoh Masaki , Hagihara Yuichiro , Okamoto Hajime 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examines the characteristics of orographic ice clouds in steep mountain regions using 3 years of CloudSat and CALIPSO satellite products. A combination of radar and lidar cloud fraction data is used to identify ice cloud systems. Additionally, the retrieved ice water content (IWC) and ice number concentration (NI) are used to analyze the dominant ice cloud microphysics in convective‐ and cirrus‐type clouds. The analysis shows that temporally averaged values of the IWC and NI are larger in mountain regions than in land and ocean regions. For convective clouds over mountains, both the IWC and NI have larger values at atmospheric temperatures warmer than 250 K, suggesting a dominant role for the freezing of supercooled liquid water. For cirrus clouds over mountains, however, only the NI has larger values at atmospheric temperatures colder than 240 K, indicating the importance of homogeneous ice nucleation. These characteristics of ice‐phase clouds in terms of the IWC and NI in mountain regions are distinct, with a horizontal scale smaller than 300 km. This study suggests that it is useful to categorize ice clouds in mountain regions in addition to ocean and land regions to evaluate the microphysical properties (mass and number) of such ice clouds in atmospheric models.
A Numerical Study on the Formation and Maintenance of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005)
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Lin Yanluan , Wang Yuqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA 14‐hr long‐lasting spiral rainband of landfalling Typhoon Longwang (2005) was investigated based on a high‐resolution simulation using the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model. This rainband was previously suggested to be triggered and maintained by vortex‐Rossby wave (VRW) dynamics based on available observations. The simulation results in the present study further suggest that the rainband originated from a previously existing wavenumber‐2 VRW. The wave amplified via a positive feedback between Ekman pumping and diabatic heating. The wavenumber‐1 convective forcing induced by the deep‐layer environmental vertical wind shear also contributed to the amplification of the rainband after its formation. Although both observations and simulation showed the long‐lived (greater than 10 hr) rainband with leading stratiform precipitation, unlike in observations, the rainband in the simulation showed a transition from an inner rainband to an outer rainband when the simulated rainband moved beyond the VRW stagnation radius at about 140 km from the storm center. As a result, in the band's later stages, VRW dynamics could not contribute to the maintenance of the rainband. Instead, both cold‐pool dynamics and vertical wind shear‐induced wavenumber‐1 convective forcing played key roles in the further maintenance of the rainband.
Evaluation of the Mesospheric Polar Vortices in WACCM
Authors: Harvey V. Lynn , Randall Cora E. , Becker Erich , Smith Anne K. , Bardeen Charles G. , France Jeff A. , Goncharenko Larisa P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work evaluates the wintertime mesospheric polar vortices in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. Mesospheric altitudes are where high‐top models underestimate the concentration of nitrogen oxides produced by energetic particle precipitation. For this reason, we seek to determine the extent to which the observed mesospheric vortex size and frequency of occurrence is reproduced by the model. We compare 13 years (2005–2017) of “specified dynamics” Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (where meteorology in the troposphere and stratosphere is constrained by observations) to Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and Mesospheric Limb Sounder observations. Near 75 km, the model reproduces observed winter mesospheric vortex frequency of occurrence rates and size reasonably well. The simulated Antarctic mesospheric vortex is displaced toward the Pacific longitude sector, and the Arctic mesospheric vortex is present 10–20% less often over the pole but ~5% more often in midlatitudes, particularly over the continents. These differences are attributed to larger planetary waves in the model. There are significant differences between the modeled and observed mean polar winter circulation near 90 km. Model‐measurement differences suggest that the simulated Antarctic mesospheric vortex does not extend to high enough altitudes, and the Arctic mesospheric vortex is too displaced from the pole. Despite these differences, the model accurately captures the evolution of structural changes to the mesospheric vortex following prolonged sudden stratospheric warmings. Thus, we conclude that model underestimates of nitrogen oxides produced by energetic particle precipitation after these warmings are not due to a misrepresentation of the mesospheric vortex strength and size below 80 km.
A High‐Resolution Simulation of Roll Convection Over the Yellow Sea During a Cold Air Outbreak
Authors: Chen Yong , Yuan Huiling , Gao Shanhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHorizontal convective rolls (HCRs) are significant for vertical transport of momentum, heat, and moisture, which is not fully understood partly due to lack of adequate observations. Previous high‐resolution modeling studies of roll convection mainly focused on idealized simulations. This study is one of the first simulations of HCRs with high‐resolution numerical weather prediction models in the real world, aiming to assess the modeling ability of realistic roll structure and investigate the characteristics of roll‐to‐cell transition. A real case of roll convection over the Yellow Sea during a cold air outbreak has been simulated, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at resolutions of 1 (WRF1) and 3 km (WRF3). Compared with the WRF3 simulation, the cloud water, vertical velocity, and the fine‐scale secondary circulations of HCRs are enhanced in WRF1 simulation, and the geometrical and physical parameters are consistent with the observations of satellite images (viewed as cloud streets) or previous studies. In this case, the 1‐km WRF simulation is able to reproduce the HCRs with a roll size of ~5 km. When the rolls transform to open cells downstream, the friction velocity and sensible heat flux gradually reduce following the prevailing wind, and the stability parameter –zi/L (the ratio of planetary boundary layer depth to Obukhov length) tends to increase with larger variances. During the roll‐to‐cell transition, the associated thermodynamic conditions are well simulated, with an average –zi/L ~ 22. In the future, reliable high‐resolution simulations can serve as an alternative to quantitatively investigate roll characteristics when observations are sparse or unavailable.
The Role of Interactive SST in the Cloud‐Resolving Simulations of Aggregated Convection
Authors: Chen Yan‐Ting , Wu Chien‐Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the role of interactive sea surface temperature (SST) in the early development of aggregated convection using a vector vorticity equation cloud‐resolving model coupled to a slab ocean. The simulations are initialized by a mock Walker circulation driven by initial SST gradient in the elongated x axis, with an average of 300 K and sinusoidal variation of amplitude ranging from 1.5 to 3 K. According to large‐scale perturbation strength, which is caused by SST variation, the results can be divided into two groups. Under weak perturbation, convection‐SST feedback efficiently eliminates SST gradient and moisture anomaly. The large‐scale environment is homogenized within 2 days. Even though SST in the group with stronger perturbation undergoes a similar process, significant moist static energy (MSE) advection in the boundary produces enough moisture difference to introduce virtual temperature effect and aggregation is triggered. Once dry zone starts to expand, radiative and convective effects regenerate SST gradient, which intensifies circulation and accelerates the process. We further show that the evolution of aggregation or not is captured by the trend of MSE‐EIS (estimated inversion strength) variance. The results highlight the boundary layer processes on the formation of aggregated convection in the tropics.
Perioperative use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Ding Qian , Zhang Zugui , Liu Hong , Nie Huang , Berguson Mark , Goldhammer Jordan E. , Young Nilas , Boyd Douglas , Morris Rohinton , Sun Jianzhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt remains disputable about perioperative use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and their outcome effects. This multicenter retrospective cohort study examines association between use of perioperative RASi and outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve surgery. After the exclusion, the patients are divided into 2 groups with or without preoperative RASi (PreRASi, n = 8581), or 2 groups with or without postoperative RASi (PostRASi, n = 8130). With using of propensity scores matching to reduce treatment selection bias, the study shows that PreRASi is associated with a significant reduction in postoperative 30-day mortality compared with without one (3.41% vs. 5.02%); PostRASi is associated with reduced long-term mortality rate compared with without one (6.62% vs. 7.70% at 2-year; 17.09% vs. 19.95% at 6-year). The results suggest that perioperative use of RASi has a significant benefit for the postoperative and long-term survival among patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Giant valley splitting in monolayer WS2 by magnetic proximity effect
Authors: Norden Tenzin , Zhao Chuan , Zhang Peiyao , Sabirianov Renat , Petrou Athos , Zeng Hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLifting the valley degeneracy of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) would allow versatile control of the valley degree of freedom. We report a giant valley exciton splitting of 16 meV/T for monolayer WS2, using the proximity effect from an EuS substrate, which is enhanced by nearly two orders of magnitude from that obtained by an external magnetic field. More interestingly, a sign reversal of the valley splitting is observed as compared to that of WSe2 on EuS. Using first principles calculations, we investigate the complex behavior of exchange interactions between TMDs and EuS. The sign reversal is attributed to competing ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange interactions for Eu- and S- terminated EuS surface sites. They act differently on the conduction and valence bands of WS2 compared to WSe2. Tuning the sign and magnitude of the valley exciton splitting offers opportunities for control of valley pseudospin for quantum information processing.
Retroviral integration into nucleosomes through DNA looping and sliding along the histone octamer
Authors: Wilson Marcus D. , Renault Ludovic , Maskell Daniel P. , Ghoneim Mohamed , Pye Valerie E. , Nans Andrea , Rueda David S. , Cherepanov Peter , Costa Alessandro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRetroviral integrase can efficiently utilise nucleosomes for insertion of the reverse-transcribed viral DNA. In face of the structural constraints imposed by the nucleosomal structure, integrase gains access to the scissile phosphodiester bonds by lifting DNA off the histone octamer at the site of integration. To clarify the mechanism of DNA looping by integrase, we determined a 3.9 Å resolution structure of the prototype foamy virus intasome engaged with a nucleosome core particle. The structural data along with complementary single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer measurements reveal twisting and sliding of the nucleosomal DNA arm proximal to the integration site. Sliding the nucleosomal DNA by approximately two base pairs along the histone octamer accommodates the necessary DNA lifting from the histone H2A-H2B subunits to allow engagement with the intasome. Thus, retroviral integration into nucleosomes involves the looping-and-sliding mechanism for nucleosomal DNA repositioning, bearing unexpected similarities to chromatin remodelers.
Lhcx proteins provide photoprotection via thermal dissipation of absorbed light in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Buck Jochen M. , Sherman Jonathan , Bártulos Carolina Río , Serif Manuel , Halder Marc , Henkel Jan , Falciatore Angela , Lavaud Johann , Gorbunov Maxim Y. , Kroth Peter G. , Falkowski Paul G. , Lepetit Bernard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiatoms possess an impressive capacity for rapidly inducible thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy (qE), provided by the xanthophyll diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins. By knocking out the Lhcx1 and Lhcx2 genes individually in Phaeodactylum tricornutum strain 4 and complementing the knockout lines with different Lhcx proteins, multiple mutants with varying qE capacities are obtained, ranging from zero to high values. We demonstrate that qE is entirely dependent on the concerted action of diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins, with Lhcx1, Lhcx2 and Lhcx3 having similar functions. Moreover, we establish a clear link between Lhcx1/2/3 mediated inducible thermal energy dissipation and a reduction in the functional absorption cross-section of photosystem II. This regulation of the functional absorption cross-section can be tuned by altered Lhcx protein expression in response to environmental conditions. Our results provide a holistic understanding of the rapidly inducible thermal energy dissipation process and its mechanistic implications in diatoms.
Cell type-specific transcriptional programs in mouse prefrontal cortex during adolescence and addiction
Authors: Bhattacherjee Aritra , Djekidel Mohamed Nadhir , Chen Renchao , Chen Wenqiang , Tuesta Luis M. , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoordinated activity-induced transcriptional changes across multiple neuron subtypes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) play a pivotal role in encoding and regulating major cognitive behaviors. Yet, the specific transcriptional programs in each neuron subtype remain unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), here we comprehensively classify all unique cell subtypes in the PFC. We analyze transcriptional dynamics of each cell subtype under a naturally adaptive and an induced condition. Adaptive changes during adolescence (between P21 and P60), a highly dynamic phase of postnatal neuroplasticity, profoundly impacted transcription in each neuron subtype, including cell type-specific regulation of genes implicated in major neuropsychiatric disorders. On the other hand, an induced plasticity evoked by chronic cocaine addiction resulted in progressive transcriptional changes in multiple neuron subtypes and became most pronounced upon prolonged drug withdrawal. Our findings lay a foundation for understanding cell type-specific postnatal transcriptional dynamics under normal PFC function and in neuropsychiatric disease states.