bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Derivatives of 9,12-Diiodo-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane: Density Functional Theory Approach
Authors: Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Muhammad Shabbir , Irfan Ahmad , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Haq Bakhtiar Ul , Hussain Sajjad 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT) methods, we shed light on the structural, optical, electronic, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of three derivatives of 9,12-diiodo-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (C2H10B10I2). The DFT and time-dependent DFT methods are considered very precise and practical to optimize the ground and excited state geometries, respectively. A vibrant intramolecular charge transfer from highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) was observed in all compounds. The geometrical parameters of the experimental crystal structure, i.e. bond lengths/angles, have been successfully reproduced. The HOMO and LUMO energies, as well as their energy gaps (E
g), were also calculated and compared with each other for all derivatives. The effect of attached groups on electronic, optical, and NLO properties along with detailed structure-property relationship was discussed. For NLO response, the CAM-B3LYP functional along with relatively larger basis set 6-31+G** (for hydrogen, carbon, boron, and oxygen atoms) and LANL2DZ (for iodine atoms) have been used to optimize the compounds at ground states. The calculation of second-order NLO polarizabilities (β
tot) shows that compounds 2 and 3 possess the β
tot amplitudes of 3029 and 4069 a.u., respectively, with CAM-B3LYP method that are reasonably larger than similar prototype molecules. Owing to their unique V-shapes, the nonlinear anisotropy values are found to be 0.63, 0.34, and 0.44 for compounds 1–3, respectively, which show the significant two-dimensional character of these compounds. Thus, the NLO amplitudes as well as the nonlinear anisotropies indicate that the above-entitled compounds are good contenders for optical and NLO applications.
Decolorization of Basic Turquise Blue X-GB and Basic Blue X-GRRL by the Fenton’s Process and its Kinetics
Authors: Khan Naeem-Ul-Haq , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Textile industries use dyes to color their products and release waste water containing dyes, causing water pollution which is a serious problem for survival of human life on earth. The decolorization of basic turquise blue X-GB (BTB X-GB) 250% and basic blue X-GRRL (BB X GRRL) 250% dyes was examined by advanced (Fenton process) oxidation process. The effects of different parameters (initial dye concentration, pH, concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reaction time) have been examined and optimum conditions were determined. It has been noted that percentage decolorization of both dyes (50 mg/L) increases with increase in concentration of H2O2. At optimum conditions (pH=3.0, H2O2=4.8 mM, temperature=50°C, time=80 min of BTB X-GB, and pH=5.0, H2O2=5.6 mM, temperature=40°C, time=60 min of BB X-GRRL) the decolorization obtained by Fenton process was 85.83% of BTB X-GB and 74.98% for BB X-GRRL. 1st order, 2nd order and BMG kinetic models were used to analyze the data. BMG model gives us the higher values of correlation coefficients for all data. Results showed that Fe2+/H2O2 are most effective for oxidation treatment of waste water effluents containing dyes as main pollutants.
Exercise modality: The interest in improving metabolic syndrome among obese females
Authors: Mohd Idris Norizzati , Md Yusof Sarina , Shari Maisarah , Raja Hussain Raja Nurul Jannat 
Published: July 2018

Background: There is compelling evidence on obesity phenomenon worldwide and the interest of structured physical activity in improvement on overall health. Moderate to high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength resulted from aerobic and strength training appears to be protective against diabetes, CVD, and metabolic syndrome. Aerobic and strength training also has shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome risk factors by improve in glucose metabolism, lipids profile, blood pressure, and abdominal obesity via different physiological pathway. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of different mode of training on metabolic syndromes risk factors. A total of 52 participants (22.71± 1.53 years old) were participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into aerobic (AT, n=13), strength (ST, n=13), concurrent (CT, n=13), and control (CO, n=13) groups. Intervention groups engaged in training 3 times weekly for 8 weeks, lasting about one hour per session at moderate intensity for aerobic (50-70% of HRR), and strength training (50-70% 1 RM). Concurrent training group spent 30 minutes of aerobic exercise followed by 30 minutes of strength exercise. Triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), resting blood pressure (RBP), and waist circumference (WC) were measured in this study. A significant improvement (p < 0.05) was observed in FBG, RBP, and WC. It can be summarized that regular involvement in exercise demonstrated a reduction in most of metabolic syndrome risk factors among obese females.
Subclinical Endocarditis Might be a Hidden Trigger of Early Prosthetic Valve Calcification: A Histological Study
Authors: Ghazy Tamer , Dittfeld Claudia , Jannasch Anett , Haase Michael , Galli Roberta , Plötze Katrin , Waldow Thomas , Matschke Klaus 
Published: July 2018

Objective: Despite various improvements in valve prosthetics, early valve deterioration still occurs, leading to prosthetic failure. Studying the early phase of this deterioration is quite difficult, as the prosthesis to be examined is almost always explanted only after extensive deterioration. The objective of this research is to study the pathology of early valve deterioration in an early stage in order to reveal the possible trigger of the process.
Methods: Three cusps of the same type of bovine pericardium valve prosthesis underwent comparative examination. Two cusps (cusps 1 and 2) were retrieved from a valve prosthesis explanted three months post-implantation, and the third cusp was from a non-implanted valve prosthesis and used as a reference cusp (ref. cusp). The examination included macroscopic examination, Non-linear Optical Microscopy using a multiphoton microscope, and histological examination with staining, using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Movat Pentachrome stain, Von-Kossa stain, and Alizirin-Red stain. Parallel sections were decalcified using Osteosoft® solution prior to Von-Kossa and Alizirin-Red staining to exclude false positive results.
Results: Macroscopically, cusp 1 showed early deterioration, and cusp 2 showed endocarditic vegetations. Histologically, cusp 1 showed calcifications in acellular deposits on the surface of the cusp, with pathological signs of subacute/healed endocarditis and intact cusp tissue. The examination did not show calcifications of the cellular remnants within the valve tissue. Cusp 2 showed florid endocarditis, with microscopic destruction of the valve tissue.
Conclusion: Early prosthetic valve deterioration can exist as early as three months post-implantation. Subacute or subclinical endocarditis can be the cause for early valve calcification and deterioration.
New Approaches to Treat Sepsis: Animal Models «Do Not Work» (Review)
Authors: Cavaillon Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2018

Like many other pathological infectious processes, sepsis is mainly studied in vivo using mice models. Over the past 30 years, such studies have led to significant achievements in understanding of the sepsis pathophysiology. However, unfortunately, none of them led to any «discoveries» in the treatment of patients. In this review, we question the relevance of the experimental models applied, list some aspects rarely taken into account and discuss ways to resolve the deadlock.The text is a translation of the article: Cavail-lon J. M. New methods of treating sepsis: failure of animal models, Bull. Assoc. Anc. El. Inst. Pastor, 2017, 59,230, 58—60. Translation from French by «Akademperevod», Moscow, Russia.
POLITENESS: CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF LINGUISTIC CHOICE
Authors: Fitriah Fitriah , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTLanguage has a social function to make connection between human beings. Without language, people seem to be impossible to interact with others in their daily communication. In order to sustain the communication well, speakers should be able to choose strategies to have polite conversation. Often politeness strategies are affected by cultural convention, which is based on community’s social values. However, every society operates a normative notion of their own politeness, which is not the same for all interlocutors, situations and cultures. In Javanese norm, for instance, the linguistic choice is often influenced by the addressee’s age, status, position, relationship, social constraints and gender. This essay will first summarize and comment on some of the salient aspects in Coulmas’ article entitled ‘Politeness: cultural dimension of linguistic choice’, part of his book chapters in ‘Sociolinguistics: The study of speakers’ choices’ (2013). As an English teacher, we should be aware of this difference so that we could introduce the politeness strategies in the target culture to the students.ABSTRAKBahasa memiliki fungsi sosial dalam menjaga hubungan dengan sesama individu. Tanpa bahasa, seseorang tidak akan mampu berinteraksi dengan orang lain dalam komunikasi sehari-hari. Untuk mempertahankan komunikasi dengan baik, pembicara harus dapat memilih strategi yang tepat dalam melakukan percakapan yang sopan. Seringkali norma-norma kesopanan yang ada dipengaruhi oleh konvensi budaya, yang didasarkan dari nilai-nilai social kemasyarakatan. Namun, setiap kelompok masyarakat memiliki nilai kesopanan tersendiri yang didasarkan dari norma kesopanan yang mereka percayai, dan norma kesopanan tersebut tidak sama bagi semua lawan bicara, situasi dan budaya. Dalam norma Jawa, misalnya, pemilihan linguistik atau kata sering dipengaruhi oleh usia, status, posisi, hubungan, pertimbangan sosial dan gender si penerima. Artikel ini akan mengidentifikasi dan mengomentari beberapa aspek yang penting dari tulisannya Coulmas yang berjudul 'Kesopanan: dimensi budaya pilihan linguistik', bagian dari bab dari bukunya Coulmas yang berjudul: 'Sosiolinguistik: Studi tentang pilihan pembicara' (2013). Sebagai guru bahasa Inggris, kita harus menyadari perbedaan penggunaaan kata atau pilihan linguistic sehingga kita bisa memperkenalkan strategi kesopanan dalam budaya tertentu kepada siswa. How to Cite: Fitrah., Hidayat. D. N. (2018). Politeness: Cultural Dimensions of Linguistic Choice. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 5(1), 26-34. doi:10.15408/ijee.v5i1.2041
WHY STUDY ERROR?
Authors: Irawansyah Irawansyah 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT There are many students still doing errors or mistakes in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Indonesia. Therefore, it is very important to study error. The error itself has long been an interest among foreign language researchers. The main task of error is how to describe a learning which occurs by examining students' output. It consists of correct and incorrect utterances. In this case, there are two approaches to learning students' errors, namely error analysis (EA) and contrastive analysis (CA). This paper only explains how error analysis is important in the teaching-learning process. It has many advantages when it is learned. EA has been classified into four types: linguistics category taxonomy, surface strategy taxonomy, comparative taxonomy, and communicative effect taxonomy. This study found error as an important tool for teachers and students to observe students’ learning process and learning strategies. ABSTRAK Ada masih banyak siswa yang melakukan error atau mistake dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing (EFL) di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, hal ini sangat penting untuk mempelajari error. Error itu sendiri sudah lama menjadi perhatian peneliti-peneliti bahasa asing. Fungsi utama dari error itu sendiri adalah bagaimana mendeskripsikan pembelajaran yang terjadi dengan memeriksa hasil siswa. Hal ini terdiri dari ujaran yang benar dan salah. Dalam hal ini, ada dua pendekatan dalam mempelajari kesalahan siswa, yaitu analisis error (EA) dan analisis kontrastif (CA). Makalah ini hanya untuk menjelaskan bagaimana error analisis yang mempunyai banyak pengaruh dalam proses pembelajaran. Error analysis telah dikelompokkan menjadi empat jenis, yaitu kategori linguistik, kategori permukaan, kategori komparatif, dan kategori komunikatif. Temuan penelitian ini menyampaikan bahwa error sebagai sebuah alat yang penting bagi guru dan siswa untuk mengamati proses belajar dan strategi pembelajaran siswa. How to Cite: Irawansyah (2017). Why Study Error?. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 120-129. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.5972
MORAL VALUES IN NARRATIVE TEXTS OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS PUBLISHED BY THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE
Authors: Setiawan Iwan , Fahriany Fahriany 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to reveal the moral values in the narrative texts of English textbooks for senior high school students published by the Ministry of Education and Culture and also the English teachers’ and students’ responses at SMK Triguna Utama, South Tangerang City, related to the topic under investigation. This research used content analysis design. The data sources were the narrative texts in the English textbooks and teachers’ and students’ responses. The data were collected through documentation, interview, and questionnaire. Data analysis procedures consisted of perusing, eliciting, coding, tabulating, interpreting, drawing conclusions and validating. The research found that the English textbooks lacked fables and gave a smaller portion to Indonesian local stories. Moreover, the narrative texts were dominated by the value of kindness, while, fairness was included least explicitly in the stories. These findings were supported by the views and preferences of the teachers and students. Lastly, the teachers and students compactly argued that vocabulary is the greatest barrier to teaching and learning narrative text, and the effectiveness of the school’s atmosphere in instilling moral values still needed further research. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai moral dalam teks naratif buku teks bahasa Inggris untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas yang diterbitkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dan juga tanggapan guru dan siswa bahasa Inggris di SMK Triguna Utama, Kota Tangerang Selatan, terkait dengan topik yang diselidiki. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analisis isi. Sumber datanya adalah teks naratif dalam buku teks bahasa Inggris dan tanggapan guru dan siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi, wawancara dan angket. Sedangkan, prosedur analisis data meliputi pembacaan teks secara cermat, pemilahan data, penyandian, tabulasi, interpretasi, penarikan simpulan dan validasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa buku teks bahasa Inggris tersebut masih kekurangan fabel dan cerita lokal Indonesia. Selain itu, teks naratif didominasi oleh nilai kebaikan, sementara nilai keadilan kurang tergambarkan dalam cerita. Temuan ini didukung oleh pandangan dan preferensi para guru dan siswa. Terakhir, para guru dan siswa secara sepakat berpendapat bahwa kosa kata merupakan penghalang terbesar dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran teks naratif, dan efektivitas atmosfer sekolah dalam menanamkan nilai moral masih memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. How to Cite: Setiawan, I., Fahriany. (2017). Moral Values in Narrative Texts of English Textbooks for Senior High School Students Published by the Ministry of Education and Culture. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 130-143. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.5977
INTERACTION IN EFL WRITING CLASS: LECTURERS’ REFLECTION
Authors: Monalisa Monalisa 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT In writing class, producing a well-polished text passes two main stages: pre writing and drafting. During these stages, interactions take place which can be in form of learners-learners and learners-lecturers interactions. Dealing with this, two main questions should be directed towhat practices of interaction conducted during writing class and how lecturers reflect them. The data were collected from four writing lecturers of English Education Program of State Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Saifudin Jambiwho have at least two years teaching experience. An interview conducted to each of them to explore what interactions were facilitating and less facilitating learners.The result showed that oral and written interaction were found from both learners-learners and learners-lecturers interactions.As reflected by the lecturers, both oral and written interactions made sense for the learners with particular assistances. Specifically, a long written comments on the learners’ drafts contributed better revision. ABSTRAK Untuk memproduksi sebuah teks yang terpoles dengan baik, ada dua tahapan utama yang dilalui di kelas Writing yakni tahapan pramenulis dan tahapan membuat draft. Selama tahapan tersebut, interaksi berlangsung antara mahasiswa dengan mahasiswa dan antara dosen dengan mahasiswa. Terkait dengan hal ini, ada dua pertanyaan yang diajukan yakni apa saja praktek interaksi yang terjadi di kelas Writing dan bagaimana dosen merefleksikannya. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari empat orang dosen Writing di program studi pendidikan Bahasa Inggris UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifudddin Jambi yang memiliki pengalaman mengajar paling sedikit dua tahun. Interview dilakukan dengan mereka untuk mengetahui interaksi apa saja yang dapat memfasilitasi mahasiswa dalam menulis. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi secara oral dan tertulis dari mahasiswa dengan mahasiswa dan mahasiswa dengan dosen. Seperti yang direfleksikan oleh para dosen, kedua tipe interaksi tersebut bermakna bagi mahasiswa dengan asistensi khusus. Temuan spesifiknya adalah bahwa komentar panjang tertulis pada draft mahasiswa mampu membuat revisi draft mereka menjadi lebih baik.How to Cite: Monalisa. (2017). Interaction in EFL Writing Class: Lecturers’ Reflection. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 144-155. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.8323
A MODEL OF AN ONLINE READING COMPREHENSION SUMMATIVE TEST FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Sofa Sofa , Sulistyo Gunadi H 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT There is an emerging phenomenon in some universities including STKIP PGRI Jombang regarding a compelling need of a test that can replace the existing paper-and-pencil based reading comprehension test, which is conventional, impractical, and time consuming. To fulfill the need, a model of an online reading comprehension summative test was developed, involving a number of essential micro skills of reading. The design of the study was Educational Research and Development (R&D), involving 100 subjects in the try-out stage. The instruments used were interview guides and questionnaire. Based on the tryout analysis, the reliability was .779, in which thirty one items were categorized as valid items. For the ease of scoring and the balanced number of the indicators under interest, only 25 items were included in the model test. Based on the students’ questionnaire, more than 80% subjects responded positively. The final product of this research was a set of an online reading comprehension test kit that includes the blueprint, the test (in form of paper and screenshot of the online version), the answer key, and the instruction to access the online test. ABSTRAK Di beberapa universitas termasuk STKIP PGRI Jombang, muncul kebutuhan penting sebuah tes yang bisa menggantikan tes membaca berbasis paper-and-pencil sebelumnya yang konvensional, tidak praktis dan memakan banyak waktu. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tes yang bisa mengatasi masalah tersebut, dikembangkanlah sebuah model tes membaca sumatif online. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan, yang melibatkan 100 subjek dalam tahap try-out. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah interview guide dan kuesioner. Berdasarkan analisis butir soal, nilai alpha atau reliabilititas adalah 0.779. 31 butir soal dikategorikan sebagai butir soal yang valid. Untuk kemudahan penilaian dan keseimbangan jumlah indikator yang diinginkan, hanya 25 butir soal yang digunakan dalam model tes. Berdasarkan kuesioner mahasiswa, lebih dari 80% subjek merespon secara positif. Produk akhir dari penelitian ini adalah satu set online reading comprehension test yang meliputi kisi-kisi, tes (dalam bentuk kertas dan screenshot versi online), kunci jawaban dan instruksi untuk mengakses tes online. How to Cite: Sofa., Sulistyo, G.H. (2017). A Model of an Online Reading Comprehension Summative Test for College Students. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 168-187. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.8344
Immunity and longevity
Authors: Csaba György 
Published: July 2018

The role of immune system is to protect the organism from the not built-in program-like alterations inside and against the agents penetrating from outside (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa). These functions were developed and formed during the evolution. Considering these functions, the immune system promotes the lengthening of lifespan and helps longevity. However, some immune functions have been conveyed by men to medical tools (e.g., pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and prevention), especially in our modern age, which help the struggle against microbes, but evolutionarily weaken the immune system. Aging is a gradual slow attrition by autoimmunity, directed by the thymus and regulated by the central nervous system and pineal gland. Considering this, thymus could be a pacemaker of aging. The remodeling of the immune system, which can be observed in elderly people and centenarians, is probably not a cause of aging, but a consequence of it, which helps to suit immunity to the requirements. Oxidative stress also helps the attrition of the immune cells and antioxidants help to prolong lifespan. There are gender differences in the aging of the immune system as well as in the longevity. There is an advantage for women in both cases. This can be explained by hormonal differences (estrogens positively influences both processes); however, social factors are also not excluded. The endocrine disruptor chemicals act similar to estrogens, like stimulating or suppressing immunity and provoking autoimmunity; however, their role in longevity is controversial. There are some drugs (rapamycin, metformin, and selegiline) and antioxidants (as vitamins C and E) that prolong lifespan and also improve immunity. It is difficult to declare that longevity is exclusively dependent on the state of the immune system; however, there is a parallelism between the state of immune system and lifespan. It seems likely that there is not a real decline of immunity during aging, but there is a remodeling of the system according to the claims of senescence. This is manifested in the remaining (sometimes stronger) function of memory cells in contrast to the production and number of the new antigen-reactive naive T-cells.