bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La fabuleuse histoire du sourire
Authors: Choukroun Marc-Gérald 
Published: June 2019

Introduction : L’étude de l’histoire du sourire nous permet de découvrir pourquoi et comment les dents sont apparues dans le portrait moderne. Nous avons décidé de nommer ce nouveau sourire le « sourire dents blanches », en référence à l’impact social qui lui est intimement lié. Alors que certains professionnels admettent communément que l’absence des dents est liée au manque d’hygiène, l’histoire du sourire met en évidence une dimension bien plus humaine : la sexualité. Matériels et méthodes : À travers l’histoire de l’art, l’auteur retrace l’histoire du sourire. Conclusion : De la pudeur au glamour, en passant par la pornographie, le sourire a fini par marquer profondément l’espace contemporain.
Sustainable Carbene Transfer Reactions with Iron and Light
Authors: Empel Claire , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: June 2019

Carbenes are versatile, highly reactive intermediates with great importance in chemistry. We recently reported on our findings on safe and scalable applications of hazardous diazoacetonitrile using cheap and commercially available iron catalysts in efficient carbene transfer reactions, ranging from cyclopropanation towards C–H functionalization reactions for the synthesis of biologically important building blocks. More lately, we uncovered the reactivity of diazoalkanes under photochemical conditions using visible light and were able to demonstrate a variety of different, metal-free carbene transfer reactions, which now open up new sustainable ways for the construction of small functional molecules.1	Introduction2	Iron-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions of Diazoacetonitrile3	Metal-free Carbene Transfer Reaction with Visible Light4	Summary
Competing Endogenous RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma—The Pinnacle of Rivalry
Authors: Afify Abdelrahman Yousry , Ibrahim Salma Abdulmaqsoud , Aldamsisi Mennah Hisham , Zaghloul Mai Saad , El-Ekiaby Nada , Abdelaziz Ahmed Ihab 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe role of noncoding transcripts in gene expression is nowadays acknowledged to keep various diseases at bay—despite being referred to as “junk” DNA several years ago. Believed to be at the heart of multiple regulatory pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Recently, the discovery of ncRNAs that compete for shared miRNA pools has dimmed the light on the solo performance of miRNAs in genomic regulation. Indeed, several studies describe RNAs such as long noncoding RNAs, mRNAs, circular RNAs, pseudogenes, and viral RNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that sequester miRNAs, allowing for de-repression of downstream miRNA targets. Such integration between coding and noncoding transcripts forms complex ceRNA networks that when dysregulated lead to several diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors review perturbed ceRNA networks in hepatocellular carcinoma, describe the role of each in tumorigenesis, and discuss their various clinical implications.
A Study of Variations in Radial Wrist Extensors
Authors: Michael Stelin Agnes , Lakshmi Gaddam Vijaya 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim Supernumerary muscles and tendons from extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) are sometimes encountered during hand surgery. They include accessory muscles like extensor carpi radialis intermedius (ECRI), intertendinous slips (ITS) between the two muscles, or simple birfurcated tendons. Awareness of these variations is crucial for preoperative planning for tendoplasty. This study was conducted with the aim of studying their prevalence since there is limited literature on its variations.
Materials and Methods The study was carried out on 80 free upper limbs from the human cadavers, in the Anatomy Department of Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala. The radial carpal extensors were studied in detail. The length and width of the accessory muscles and tendons were measured. The percentage of different variations was also calculated.
Results ITS from ECRL were seen in 20 of the limbs. ECRI was identified in 7 cases. Bifurcated tendon from ECRB was observed in two limbs. Absent ECRB was also noted in a specimen. In one specimen, ECRL and ECRB fused to form a single muscle and tendon, that later split into two for insertion into second and third metacarpal. The proximal attachment of both radial extensors was normal in all cases.
Conclusion A total of 37.5% of variations was observed, among which supernumerary tendons accounted for 35%. Knowledge of these variations is essential in planning for tendon grafting and finger deformity correction surgeries.
Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Optic Foramen in North Indian Population
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Tripathi Alok , Jain Shilpi , Khare Satyam , Kaushik Ram Kumar , Kausar Hina , Arora Saurabh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction Optic canal connects orbit to middle cranial fossa. Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass through this canal. The aim of the present study is to make morphometric and anatomical observations of endocranial opening of optic canal.
Materials and Methods The observations were conducted on 30 dry adult human skulls. The observations were made on shape, margins, confluence, septations, dimensions, and distance of optic foramen from apex of petrous temporal bone.
Result and Statistical Analysis On morphometric observation, transverse diameter (TD) was 6.00 mm and 6.15 mm on the left and the right side, respectively. The vertical diameter (VD) was 5.14 mm on the left side and 4.82 mm on the right side. The distance of optic foramen to apex of petrous temporal bone was 21.84 mm on the left side and 21.90 mm on the right side. The mean, standard deviation, range, and p value were measured by using SPSS software version 19.00.
Conclusion In the present study we attempt to provide a comprehensive anatomical and morphometric data of optic foramen that may help ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons during surgery.
Introduction of Group Discussion as a Teaching—Learning Method in Dissection Hall for the First MBBS Students
Authors: Tandel Mehul , Kanjiya Daxa , Vedi Neeraj , Sharma Deepak , Singh Praveen ,   Sumati
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Human cadaveric dissection is considered as a core teaching tool and plays a major role in active learning process of students. However, students’ active participation and self-directed learning in dissection hall has declined over the period of time. Group discussion in dissection hall allows students to participate actively, engage in cooperative interaction, communicate effectively, and utilize self-directed learning. Therefore, group discussion has been introduced and assessed as a teaching-learning method in dissection with the aim of improving participation, learning, and communication skill of students in dissection hall.
Methods This study was conducted on 100 students of Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India, during the 2018–2019 academic year. Students were divided in 10 groups for dissection. Group discussion was introduced as a teaching-learning method and assessed during dissection. Data were collected through anonymous feedback and then statistically analyzed.
Result There was significant increase in active participation of most students during dissection: 79% students rated this method as good or excellent; 51 to 74% students agreed that this method helped them in better understanding of subject, improving dissection skills and communication; and 68% students agreed that working in group is better as compared with traditional method of dissection. The Cronbach's alpha of feedback questionnaire was 0.816.
Conclusion Students perceived that the group discussion during dissection not only helped in creating active participation and better understanding of subject but also helped improve learning, communication, and dissection skills.
Minithoracotomy and Beating Heart Strategy for Mitral Surgery in Secondary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Grinberg Daniel , Pozzi Matteo , Bordet Marine , Nouhou Kaled Adamou , Kwon Young Joon , Obadia Jean-François , Vola Marco 
Published: June 2019

Background In patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) associated with low ejection fraction or previous heart surgery, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery without aortic cross-clamp (MIMVS-WAC) has shown promising results. We report our experience for this strategy in our centers.
Methods Between August 2011 and April 2017, 46 patients (mean age 69 ± 11 years, 76% males) received MIMVS-WAC. Indications for this technique were prior coronary bypass surgery (26%), severe or recent left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (30%), or both (39%). The mean EuroSCORE II was 12 ± 10.
Results For each procedure, we conducted right minithoracotomy and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after peripheral cannulation. Mean CPB time was 159 ± 39 minutes. A mitral valve replacement (MVR) was performed in 23 cases (50%), an annuloplasty in 22 cases (48%), and a prosthesis pannus removal in 1 case (2%). Mean hospital length of stay was 12 ± 5.4 days. We report no sternotomy conversions, six reoperations for bleeding, and three deaths at 30 days. Transfusion was requested in 62% (mean infusion 2 ± 2.4 packed red blood cells). The postoperative echocardiography showed an LV function preservation in 69% of cases and a reduction of pulmonary arterial pressure in 73% of cases. Four additional deaths occurred in the long-term follow-up (mean 637 ± 381 days, median 593 days). No mitral reoperation was required, with a MR ≤ 2 in 90% of patients.
Conclusion In high-risk patients, the MIMVS-WAC is a safe technique. It avoids hard dissections while ensuring excellent preservation of cardiac function.
Clinical Findings, Treatments and Outcomes in Farm Animals with Vertebral Fractures or Luxations: 22 Cases (2006–2017)
Authors: Boorman Sophie , Johnson Amy L. , Schaer Thomas P. , Fecteau Marie-Eve 
Published: June 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, medical and surgical treatment and outcome of 22 farm animals diagnosed with a vertebral fracture or luxation.
Study design Medical records of 22 farm animals (7 goats, 6 alpacas, 5 cattle, 3 sheep and 1 deer) were reviewed for signalment, history, presenting clinical signs and neurological examination findings, clinicopathological results, diagnostic imaging, final diagnosis, medical and surgical management, clinical progression and outcome.
Results Animals' age ranged from 1 day to 15 years. Neurological examination findings included decreased motor function (20/22), recumbency (14/22), altered mentation (13/22), cranial nerve deficits (4/22) and lack of nociception (3/22). Lesions were localized to the atlanto-occipital region (2/22), C1 to C5 (7/22), C6 to T2 (4/22), T3 to L3 (3/22), and L4 to S1 (6/22). Diagnoses included vertebral fracture only (4/22), luxation only (5/22) or both vertebral fracture and luxation (13/22). In five cases, no therapy was attempted, while 12 cases were treated medically and five cases were treated surgically. Surgical interventions included manual reduction (n = 1); arthrodesis (n = 2); laminectomy (n = 1); and laminectomy with pin fixation, cerclage wire and polymethylmethacrylate bridging (n = 1). Five of the 22 cases survived to hospital discharge; two of these were treated surgically.
Conclusion The cervical region was most commonly affected. Prognosis for these injuries in farm animals is guarded.
A High Prevalence Rate of Tibia Hemimelia in a Subregion of West Azarbaijan, Iran
Authors: Taleb Hasan , Afshar Ahmadreza , Abdi rad Isa , Tabrizi Ali , Ghazani Reza Babaei , Bateni Amin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFrom 1995 to 2017 an abnormally high number of tibia hemimelia (TH) patients from the Maku subregion in the West Azarbaijan province of Iran were referred to our orthopedic department for treatment. Regarding the occurrence of TH in many families in a restricted region and negative results of available genetic tests, we hypothesized that a founder mutation etiology that is different from previous known genetic disorders might produce the trait of TH in our patients. Through a retrospective study, we collected demographic data including date of birth, patients and parents place of birth, sex, type of TH, presence of other musculoskeletal anomalies, and treatment from the patients who were referred to our department. We obtained a blood sample for genetic studies. We carried out genetic studies in cytogenetics and molecular levels on a patient with familial TH. The prevalence of TH in the Maku subregion of West Azarbaijan was 149.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.4–283.8) per 1 million live birth. The patients did not fit with any known syndromes with TH. Genetic evaluations of a patient with familial history of TH in this case series exhibited no detectable change in both cytogenetic and molecular levels. There was an obvious increased prevalence rate of TH in this province and particularly in the Maku subregion. The cytogenetic locations for known syndromic TH are not responsible for the observed anomalies in our patients. Our next step for detecting possible genetic mutations in our patients would be mutation analysis via very high-resolution whole genomic sequencing in more patients or genetic linkage study.
Cognitive and speech perception outcomes after cochlear implantation in Fabry disease
Authors: Aslan Filiz , Yıldırım Mehtap , Sennaroğlu Gonca 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To study the audiological, rehabilitative and cognitive outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with Fabry disease (FD).

Method:
This is a retrospective case study. Two adults with progressive hearing loss were followed up for over 3 years.

Results:
The patients had progressive hearing loss from the first decade of life. Preoperative evaluations indicated delays in speech perception and cognitive skills due to hearing loss. There was a significant increase in hearing thresholds and speech perception in both patients after the cochlear implantation. The cognitive skills and memory skills of the patient who started using the cochlear implant later in life continued to lag.

Conclusion:
In FD, hearing loss should be closely monitored and appropriate interventions should be selected early. Two patients from the same family showed the strong impact of early intervention on speech perception and cognitive skills. The study aimed to emphasize the necessity of speech perception and cognitive skills assessment during the follow-up of patients with FD.
Increasing N content in GaNAsP nanowires suppresses the impact of polytypism on luminescence
Authors: Jansson Mattias , Francaviglia Luca , La Rui , Balagula Roman , Stehr Jan E , Tu Charles W , Fontcuberta I Morral Anna , Chen Weimin M , Buyanova Irina A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cathodoluminescence (CL) and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopies are employed to investigate effects of structural defects on carrier recombination in GaNAsP nanowires (NWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates. In the NWs with a low N content of 0.08%, these defects are found to promote non-radiative (NR) recombination, which causes spatial variation of the CL peak position and its intensity. Unexpectedly, these detrimental effects can be suppressed even by a small increase in the nitrogen composition from 0.08% to 0.12%. This is attributed to more efficient trapping of excited carriers/excitons to the localized states promoted by N-induced localization and also the presence of other NR channels. At room temperature, the structural defects no longer dominate in carrier recombination even in the NWs with the lower nitrogen content, likely due to increasing importance of other recombination channels. Our work underlines the need in eliminating important thermally activated NR defects, other than the structural defects, for future optoelectronic applications of these NWs.
Impact of a REBCO coated conductor stabilization layer on the fault current limiting functionality
Authors: Búran Marek , Vojenčiak Michal , Mošať Marek , Ghabeli Asef , Solovyov Mykola , Pekarčíková Marcela , Kopera Ľubomír , Gömöry Fedor 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Reliability is one of the crucial requirements of conductors used in resistive superconducting fault current limiters. Possible critical current degradation of a REBCO coated conductor during the limiter operation restrains broader application of devices based on these conductors. In this article the impact of an electrical stabilization layer on the conductor protection against overheating as well as its effect on electrical current evolution during the limitation period are investigated. For the experimental part of the study, a commercial copper stabilized REBCO coated conductor and a modified conductor without copper stabilization are compared. Extensive experimental work complemented by electro-thermal numerical modeling paved the way for studying the electrical and thermal effects separately. The numerical model assuming adiabatic conditions is sufficient to reproduce experimental results and predict the peak temperature for conductors with various stabilization layers in realistic conditions. Reduction of the conductor critical current caused by multiple current limitation pulses was studied using pulses with various durations. It was observed that the degradation due to temperature rise is gradual with the rate depending solely on the peak temperature. It is this quantity through which other parameters like the pulse duration, the thickness of stabilization and the peak current cause the tape damaging.
Long-length YBCO coated conductors for ultra-high field applications: gaining engineering current density via pulsed laser deposition/alternating beam-assisted deposition route
Authors: Usoskin Alexander , Betz Ulrich , Gnilsen Johannes , Noll-Baumann Sonja , Schlenga Klaus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gaining engineering critical current density (J

e
) in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors based on double-disordered YBCO for operation at high fields is one of the key requirements in upcoming magnet/accelerator projects. Currently, the development of a tape with advanced J

e
-s is performed based on an alternating beam-assisted deposition–pulsed laser deposition (ABAD–PLD) manufacturing route. An obvious way to improve J

e
-s is to reduce substrate thickness. A 40% J

e
increase is expected owing to the thickness reduction from 100 to 50 μm. Nevertheless, the reduction of substrate thickness in case of the applied processing technology that employs relatively thick (2–3 μm) yttria-stabilized zirconia buffer layers leads to the manifestation of considerable strain in the tape resulting in strong tape bowing. Advanced processing routes have been developed to suppress this effect. The highest engineering current density was recorded at well above 1000 A mm−2 under an ultra-high field of 18 T at 4.2 K, B//c. Influence of tape bowing and the impact of longitudinal defects are studied via V–I measurements at 77 K and a moderate magnetic field with intrinsic edge gradients. Potential for further gaining of J

e
was found employing mechanisms of (i) film nucleation from lateral flows that provide material transfer during the PLD process. Further steps include suppressing the instability of instantaneous temperature via quasi-adiabatic pulsed heating of the growing HTS film via (ii) control of laser plume energy, and (iii) energy release during film condensation (condensation enthalpy). These effects disturb the instantaneous temperature of the growing HTS layer, which exhibits very limited capability of heat transfer. Temperature pulses reaching 30–40 K were evaluated via heat transfer modeling. Stabilization of the level of pulsed temperature during layer growth is anticipated to result in a further increase in J

e
.
Interpreting observations of ion cyclotron emission from large helical device plasmas with beam-injected ion populations
Authors: Reman B.C.G. , Dendy R.O. , Akiyama T. , Chapman S.C. , Cook J.W.S. , Igami H. , Inagaki S. , Saito K. , Yun G.S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ion cyclotron emission (ICE) is detected from all large toroidal magnetically confined fusion (MCF) plasmas. It is a form of spontaneous suprathermal radiation, whose spectral peak frequencies correspond to sequential cyclotron harmonics of energetic ion species, evaluated at the emission location. In ICE phenomenology, an important parameter is the value of the ratio of energetic ion velocity

to the local Alfvén speed

. Here we focus on ICE measurements from heliotron-stellarator hydrogen plasmas, heated by energetic proton neutral beam injection (NBI) in the large helical device, for which

takes values both larger (super-Alfvénic) and smaller (sub-Alfvénic) than unity. The collective relaxation of the NBI proton population, together with the thermal plasma, is studied using a particle-in-cell (PIC) code. This evolves the Maxwell–Lorentz system of equations for hundreds of millions of kinetic gyro-orbit-resolved ions and fluid electrons, self-consistently with the electric and magnetic fields. For LHD-relevant parameter sets, the spatiotemporal Fourier transforms of the fields yield, in the nonlinear saturated regime, good computational proxies for the observed ICE spectra in both the super-Alfvénic and sub-Alfvénic regimes for NBI protons. At early times in the PIC treatment, the computed growth rates correspond to analytical linear growth rates of the magnetoacoustic cyclotron instability (MCI), which was previously identified to underlie ICE from tokamak plasmas. The spatially localised PIC treatment does not include toroidal magnetic field geometry, nor background gradients in plasma parameters. Its success in simulating ICE spectra from both tokamak and, here, heliotron-stellarator plasmas suggests that the plasma parameters and ion energetic distribution at the emission location largely determine the ICE phenomenology. This is important for the future exploitation of ICE as a diagnostic for energetic ion populations in MCF plasmas. The capability to span the super-Alfvénic and sub-Alfvénic energetic ion regimes is a generic challenge in interpreting MCF plasma physics, and it is encouraging that this first principles computational treatment of ICE has now achieved this.
Two 0.5-m robotic telescopes for Timau National Observatory in eastern Indonesia
Authors: Bumbungan M T , Priyatikanto R P , Danarianto M D , Saputra M B , Rohmah F , Murti M D , Mumtahana F , Nurzaman M Z , Legita N D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Timau National Observatory will be the new Indonesia’s astronomical observatory in East Nusa Tenggara, planned for 2020. Besides the main 3.8-m optical telescope, it will host two 0.5-m “off-the-shelf” f/3.8 and f/8.0 telescopes, equipped with two CCD cameras and two filter wheels. The system will be controlled with a robotic system for autonomous operation. In this paper, we present the system description and current development progress, as well as the future plan for the facility, including its two potential scientific studies: near-Earth objects and exoplanetary transits.