bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spirituality in the continuing education of healthcare professionals: An approach to palliative care
Authors: Dezorzi Luciana Winterkorn , Raymundo Marcia Mocellin , Goldim José Roberto , de Oliveira Ceres Andréia Vieira 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveA major barrier to the adoption of an approach that integrates spirituality into palliative care is the lack of preparation/education of healthcare professionals on the topic. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a continuing education activity for healthcare professionals addressing spirituality and spiritual care provision to patients and families within palliative care.MethodWe conducted an intervention study using a quantitative pre- and posttest design in a convenience sample of 52 healthcare professionals. Participants completed the Brazilian version of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale before and after attending a four-hour continuing education activity.ResultSignificant differences were observed between pre- and postintervention scores in the following dimensions: assessment and implementation of spiritual care, professionalization and improving the quality of spiritual care, personal support, and patient counseling (p < 0.001), and referral (p = 0.003).Significance of resultsThe results of this study provide preliminary evidence of a positive effect of this educational intervention on the development of the competences needed by healthcare professionals to deliver a comprehensive approach centered on the patient/family, which includes attention to spirituality and spiritual care in the decision-making process.
Interactions of quizalofop-p-ethyl mixed with contact herbicides in ACCase-resistant rice production
Authors: Rustom Samer Y. , Webster Eric P. , Blouin David C. , McKnight Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA field study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 near Crowley, LA, to evaluate antagonistic, synergistic, or neutral interactions of quizalofop when mixed with contact herbicides labeled for use in rice production. Quizalofop was applied at 120 g ai ha−1. Mixture herbicides included bentazon at 1,050 g ai ha−1, carfentrazone at 18 g ai ha−1, propanil at 3,360 g ai ha−1, saflufenacil at 25 g ai ha−1, and thiobencarb at 3,360 g ai ha−1. A second application of quizalofop at 120 g ha−1 was made at 28 d after the initial application (DAIT) to evaluate control of weeds escaping the initial treatment. At 14 and 28 DAIT, red rice, ‘CLXL-745’, and ‘CL-111’ treated with quizalofop plus propanil indicated an antagonistic response with an observed control of 69% to 71% compared with an expected control of 92% to 94%. Barnyardgrass treated with the same mixture also indicated an antagonistic response at 14 and 28 DAIT with an observed control of 16% compared with an expected control of 94%. Barnyardgrass treated with quizalofop plus saflufenacil indicated an antagonistic response at 14 DAIT; however, the same mixture produced a neutral response by 28 DAIT. In addition, a second application of quizalofop was not able to overcome the antagonism observed with a quizalofop plus propanil mixture at 14 and 28 DAIT for red rice, CLXL-745, CL-111, or barnyardgrass control. Quizalofop mixed with carfentrazone or thiobencarb produced a neutral response for all weeds evaluated at each evaluation date.
Melting Curve and Equation of State of β‐Fe7N3: Nitrogen in the Core?
Authors: Kusakabe Mayu , Hirose Kei , Sinmyo Ryosuke , Kuwayama Yasuhiro , Ohishi Yasuo , Helffrich George 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe chemical composition of carbonaceous chondrites permits up to 0.5 ± 0.4 wt% N in the Earth's core, which potentially affects the melting temperature, density profile, and phase relation of the core iron alloy. Here we have determined the melting curve and the high‐temperature equation of state (EoS) of β‐Fe7N3, which is stable above 40 GPa as the most Fe‐rich iron‐nitride. Experiments were performed in a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell up to 136 GPa, together with synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements. We found that multiple melting criteria gave similar melting temperatures: (1) the appearance of diffuse X‐ray scattering, (2) discontinuity in the laser power versus temperature relation, and (3) the reduction in diffraction peak intensity from solid. The validity of these melting criteria was confirmed by textural observation of recovered samples. We also observed rapid recrystallization at temperatures lower than the melting temperatures. The results demonstrate that β‐Fe7N3 melts congruently at about 3,100 K at 135 GPa, lower than the melting temperatures of FeSi and FeO and similar to that of FeS. The thermal EoS indicates that the density of Fe7(C,N)3 matches the observed inner core density. Combining the melting curve and the EoS of β‐Fe7N3, we also obtain the EoS of liquid Fe7N3. It shows that the density and compressibility of Fe + 10 wt% N is compatible with the outer core density profile. It supports the presence of some nitrogen in the liquid and solid parts of the core, although its concentration is difficult to constrain from the core density.
Long‐Term Trend of the Tropical Pacific Trade Winds Under Global Warming and Its Causes
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Quanliang , Liu Xiaoran , Li Jianping , Xing Nan , Xie Fei , Feng Juan , Zhou Xin , Cai Hongke , Wang Zhenglin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe recent intensification of trade winds over the tropical Pacific is the strongest ever observed in the past hundred years. This strengthening trend is of great interest in recent research, but the causes are still unclear. Using two relatively long‐term surface wind data sets, the present research shows that there is an overall strengthening trend of the trades in the western equatorial Pacific and an overall weakening trend in the eastern equatorial Pacific. This long‐term trend pattern can be primarily attributed to the cold tongue mode (CTM) rather than to the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), El Niño Modoki, or Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). The CTM, the second empirical orthogonal function mode of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the tropical Pacific, represents a strong long‐term trend of tropical Pacific background state under global warming. According to the Gill‐Matsuno theory, the easterly winds over the western equatorial Pacific are induced by the equatorial Pacific cooling and warming SSTA associated with the CTM, while the westerly winds over the eastern equatorial Pacific is primarily due to the eastern equatorial Pacific cooling SSTA associated with the CTM. Ultimately, an alternative explanation of past and future changes of the trades is expected to lead to improved understanding of the global climatic impacts of the enhanced trades in tropical Pacific under global warming.
Air‐Sea Gas Transfer: Determining Bubble Fluxes With In Situ N2 Observations
Authors: Emerson Steven , Yang Bo , White Mariela , Cronin Meghan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOxygen measurements by in situ sensors on remote platforms are used to determine net biological oxygen fluxes in the surface ocean. On an annual basis these fluxes are stoichiometrically related to the export of organic carbon from the upper ocean (the ocean's biological carbon pump). In situ measurements on remote platforms make it feasible to observe the annual biological oxygen flux globally, but the accuracy of these estimates during periods of high winds depends on model‐determined fluxes by bubble processes created by breaking waves. We verify the importance of bubble processes in the gas exchange model of Liang et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002gbc.20080) using surface‐ocean N2 gas measurements determined from observations of dissolved gas pressure and oxygen concentrations every 3 hr on a mooring in the northeast subarctic Pacific at Ocean Station Papa. The changes in N2 concentration during 10 separate monthlong periods in the winters between 2007 and 2016 indicate that bubble processes in the gas exchange model are over predicted by about a factor of 3 at this location. (The bubble mass transfer coefficients must be multiplied by 0.37 ± 0.14 to match the observations.) These results can be used to adjust model‐determined bubble fluxes to yield more accurate measurements of net biological oxygen production until the next generation gas‐exchange models are developed.
Lithologically Controlled Subsurface Critical Zone Thickness and Water Storage Capacity Determine Regional Plant Community Composition
Authors: Hahm W. Jesse , Rempe Daniella M. , Dralle David N. , Dawson Todd E. , Lovill Sky M. , Bryk Alexander B. , Bish David L. , Schieber Juergen , Dietrich William E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExplanations for distinct adjacent ecosystems that extend across hilly landscapes typically point to differences in climate or land use. Here we document—within a similar climate—how contrasting regional plant communities correlate with distinct underlying lithology and reveal how differences in water storage capacity in the critical zone (CZ) explain this relationship. We present observations of subsurface CZ structure and groundwater dynamics from deep boreholes and quantify catchment‐wide dynamic water storage in two Franciscan rock types of the Northern California Coast Ranges. Our field sites have a Mediterranean climate, where rains are out of phase with solar energy, amplifying the importance of subsurface water storage for periods of peak ecosystem productivity in the dry season. In the deeply weathered (~30 m at ridge) Coastal Belt argillite and sandstone, ample, seasonally replenished rock moisture supports an evergreen forest and groundwater drainage sustains baseflow throughout the summer. In the Central Belt argillite‐matrix mélange, a thin CZ (~3 m at ridge) limits total dynamic water storage capacity (100–200 mm) and rapidly sheds winter rainfall via shallow storm and saturation overland flow, resulting in low plant‐available water (inferred from predawn tree water potential) and negligible groundwater storage that can drain to streams in summer. This storage limitation mechanism explains the presence of an oak savanna‐woodland bounded by seasonally ephemeral streams, despite >1,800 mm of average precipitation. Through hydrologic monitoring and subsurface characterization, we reveal a mechanism by which differences in rock type result in distinct regionally extensive plant communities under a similar climate.
Carbon fixation and energy metabolisms of a subseafloor olivine biofilm
Authors: Smith Amy R , Kieft Brandon , Mueller Ryan , Fisk Martin R , Mason Olivia U , Popa Radu , Colwell Frederick S 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Earth’s largest aquifer ecosystem resides in igneous oceanic crust, where chemosynthesis and water-rock reactions provide the carbon and energy that support an active deep biosphere. The Calvin Cycle is the predominant carbon fixation pathway in cool, oxic, crust; however, the energy and carbon metabolisms in the deep thermal basaltic aquifer are poorly understood. Anaerobic carbon fixation pathways such as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, which uses hydrogen (H2) and CO2, may be common in thermal aquifers since water-rock reactions can produce H2 in hydrothermal environments and bicarbonate is abundant in seawater. To test this, we reconstructed the metabolisms of eleven bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes from an olivine biofilm obtained from a Juan de Fuca Ridge basaltic aquifer. We found that the dominant carbon fixation pathway was the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, which was present in seven of the eight bacterial genomes. Anaerobic respiration appears to be driven by sulfate reduction, and one bacterial genome contained a complete nitrogen fixation pathway. This study reveals the potential pathways for carbon and energy flux in the deep anoxic thermal aquifer ecosystem, and suggests that ancient H2-based chemolithoautotrophy, which once dominated Earth’s early biosphere, may thus remain one of the dominant metabolisms in the suboceanic aquifer today.
RIPK1 can mediate apoptosis in addition to necroptosis during embryonic development
Authors: Zhang Xuhua , Dowling John P. , Zhang Jianke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRIPK1 has emerged as a key effector in programmed necrosis or necroptosis. This function of RIPK1 is mediated by its protein serine/threonine kinase activity and through the downstream kinase RIPK3. Deletion of RIPK1 prevents embryonic lethality in mice lacking FADD, a signaling adaptor protein required for activation of Caspase 8 in extrinsic apoptotic pathways. This indicates that FADD-mediated apoptosis inhibits RIPK1-dependent necroptosis to ensure successful embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism for this critical regulation remains unclear. In the current study, a novel mouse model has been generated, by disrupting a potential caspase cleavage site at aspartic residue (D)324 in RIPK1. Interestingly, replacing D324 with alanine (A) in RIPK1 results in midgestation lethality, similar to the embryonic defect in FADD−/− mice but in stark contrast to the normal embryogenesis of RIPK1−/− null mutant mice. Surprisingly, disrupting the downstream RIPK3 alone is insufficient to rescue RIPK1D324A/D324A mice from embryonic lethality, unless FADD is deleted simultaneously. Further analyses reveal a paradoxical role for RIPK1 in promoting caspase activation and apoptosis in embryos, a novel mechanism previously unappreciated.
Odor mixtures of opposing valence unveil inter-glomerular crosstalk in the Drosophila antennal lobe
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed A. M. , Retzke Tom , Das Chakraborty Sudeshna , Fabian Benjamin , Hansson Bill S. , Knaden Markus , Sachse Silke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEvaluating odor blends in sensory processing is a crucial step for signal recognition and execution of behavioral decisions. Using behavioral assays and 2-photon imaging, we have characterized the neural and behavioral correlates of mixture perception in the olfactory system of Drosophila. Mixtures of odors with opposing valences elicit strong inhibition in certain attractant-responsive input channels. This inhibition correlates with reduced behavioral attraction. We demonstrate that defined subsets of GABAergic interneurons provide the neuronal substrate of this computation at pre- and postsynaptic loci via GABAB- and GABAA receptors, respectively. Intriguingly, manipulation of single input channels by silencing and optogenetic activation unveils a glomerulus-specific crosstalk between the attractant- and repellent-responsive circuits. This inhibitory interaction biases the behavioral output. Such a form of selective lateral inhibition represents a crucial neuronal mechanism in the processing of conflicting sensory information.
Whole-genome resequencing of 472 Vitis accessions for grapevine diversity and demographic history analyses
Authors: Liang Zhenchang , Duan Shengchang , Sheng Jun , Zhu Shusheng , Ni Xuemei , Shao Jianhui , Liu Chonghuai , Nick Peter , Du Fei , Fan Peige , Mao Ruzhi , Zhu Yifan , Deng Weiping , Yang Min , Huang Huichuan , Liu Yixiang , Ding Yiqing , Liu Xianju , Jiang Jianfu , Zhu Youyong , Li Shaohua , He Xiahong , Chen Wei , Dong Yang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the Vitis species at the genomic level is important for cultivar improvement of grapevine. Here we report whole-genome genetic variation at single-base resolution of 472 Vitis accessions, which cover 48 out of 60 extant Vitis species from a wide geographic distribution. The variation helps to identify a recent dramatic expansion and contraction of effective population size in the domesticated grapevines and that cultivars from the pan-Black Sea region have a unique demographic history in comparison to the other domesticated cultivars. We also find selective sweeps for berry edibility and stress resistance improvement. Furthermore, we find associations between candidate genes and important agronomic traits, such as berry shape and aromatic compounds. These results demonstrate resource value of the resequencing data for illuminating the evolutionary biology of Vitis species and providing targets for grapevine genetic improvement.
Contractile forces in platelet aggregates under microfluidic shear gradients reflect platelet inhibition and bleeding risk
Authors: Ting Lucas H. , Feghhi Shirin , Taparia Nikita , Smith Annie O. , Karchin Ari , Lim Esther , John Alex St. , Wang Xu , Rue Tessa , White Nathan J. , Sniadecki Nathan J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlatelets contract forcefully after their activation, contributing to the strength and stability of platelet aggregates and fibrin clots during blood coagulation. Viscoelastic approaches can be used to assess platelet-induced clot strengthening, but they require thrombin and fibrin generation and are unable to measure platelet forces directly. Here, we report a rapid, microfluidic approach for measuring the contractile force of platelet aggregates for the detection of platelet dysfunction. We find that platelet forces are significantly reduced when blood samples are treated with inhibitors of myosin, GPIb-IX-V, integrin αIIbβ3, P2Y12, or thromboxane generation. Clinically, we find that platelet forces are measurably lower in cardiology patients taking aspirin. We also find that measuring platelet forces can identify Emergency Department trauma patients who subsequently require blood transfusions. Together, these findings indicate that microfluidic quantification of platelet forces may be a rapid and useful approach for monitoring both antiplatelet therapy and traumatic bleeding risk.
Calcium-activated 14-3-3 proteins as a molecular switch in salt stress tolerance
Authors: Yang Zhijia , Wang Chongwu , Xue Yuan , Liu Xiao , Chen She , Song ChunPeng , Yang Yongqing , Guo Yan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCalcium is a universal secondary messenger that triggers many cellular responses. However, it is unclear how a calcium signal is coordinately decoded by different calcium sensors, which in turn regulate downstream targets to fulfill a specific physiological function. Here we show that SOS2-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE5 (PKS5) can negatively regulate the Salt-Overly-Sensitive signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. PKS5 can interact with and phosphorylate SOS2 at Ser294, promote the interaction between SOS2 and 14-3-3 proteins, and repress SOS2 activity. However, salt stress promotes an interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and PKS5, repressing its kinase activity and releasing inhibition of SOS2. We provide evidence that 14-3-3 proteins bind to Ca2+, and that Ca2+ modulates 14-3-3-dependent regulation of SOS2 and PKS5 kinase activity. Our results suggest that a salt-induced calcium signal is decoded by 14-3-3 and SOS3/SCaBP8 proteins, which selectively activate/inactivate the downstream protein kinases SOS2 and PKS5 to regulate Na+ homeostasis by coordinately mediating plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter and H+-ATPase activity.
A Hox-TALE regulatory circuit for neural crest patterning is conserved across vertebrates
Authors: Parker Hugo J. , De Kumar Bony , Green Stephen A. , Prummel Karin D. , Hess Christopher , Kaufman Charles K. , Mosimann Christian , Wiedemann Leanne M. , Bronner Marianne E. , Krumlauf Robb 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), Hox genes play an important role in patterning head and jaw formation, but mechanisms coupling Hox genes to neural crest (NC) are unknown. Here we use cross-species regulatory comparisons between gnathostomes and lamprey, a jawless extant vertebrate, to investigate conserved ancestral mechanisms regulating Hox2 genes in NC. Gnathostome Hoxa2 and Hoxb2 NC enhancers mediate equivalent NC expression in lamprey and gnathostomes, revealing ancient conservation of Hox upstream regulatory components in NC. In characterizing a lamprey hoxα2 NC/hindbrain enhancer, we identify essential Meis, Pbx, and Hox binding sites that are functionally conserved within Hoxa2/Hoxb2 NC enhancers. This suggests that the lamprey hoxα2 enhancer retains ancestral activity and that Hoxa2/Hoxb2 NC enhancers are ancient paralogues, which diverged in hindbrain and NC activities. This identifies an ancestral mechanism for Hox2 NC regulation involving a Hox-TALE regulatory circuit, potentiated by inputs from Meis and Pbx proteins and Hox auto-/cross-regulatory interactions.
Concept and modelling of memsensors as two terminal devices with enhanced capabilities in neuromorphic engineering
Authors: Vahl Alexander , Carstensen Jürgen , Kaps Sören , Lupan Oleg , Strunskus Thomas , Adelung Rainer , Faupel Franz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report on memsensors, a class of two terminal devices that combines features of memristive and sensor devices. Apart from a pinched hysteresis (memristive property) and stimulus dependent electrical resistance (sensing property) further properties like dynamic adaptation to an external stimulus emerge. We propose a three component equivalent circuit to model the memsensor electrical behaviour. In this model we find stimulus dependent hysteresis, a delayed response to the sensory signal and adaptation. Stimulus dependent IV hysteresis as a fingerprint of a memsensor device is experimentally shown for memristive ZnO microrods. Adaptation in memsensor devices as found in our simulations resembles striking similarities to the biology. Especially the stimulus dependency of the IV hysteresis and the adaptation to external stimuli are superior features for application of memsensors in neuromorphic engineering. Based on the simulations and experimental findings we propose design rules for memsensors that will facilitate further research on memsensitive systems.
Urinary cast is a useful predictor of acute kidney injury in acute heart failure
Authors: Higuchi Satoshi , Kabeya Yusuke , Matsushita Kenichi , Yamasaki Satoko , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Yoshino Hideaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor prognosis among patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Early documentation of impaired kidney function through simple examination may provide risk reduction in such patients. The present study aims to reveal an association between cellular casts and hospital-acquired AKI in AHF. This study included patients with AHF who underwent urinalysis, including urinary sediment analysis within 24 hours post admission. AKI was defined as an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or ≥1.5 times in serum creatinine level in contrast to baseline creatinine level. In this study, 114 patients with AHF (age, 75 ± 14 years; male, 59.7%) were included. Of them, 40 (35%) developed hospital-acquired AKI. Cellular casts were detected in 30 patients (26%) prior to AKI development and related to hospital-acquired AKI in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–7.49; P = 0.041). In conclusion, cellular casts are observed occasionally in patients with AHF and potentially useful markers for development of AKI during hospitalization.
New Strategy for Enhancing Energetic Properties by Regulating Trifuroxan Configuration: 3,4-Bis(3-nitrofuroxan-4-yl)furoxan
Authors: Zhai Lianjie , Bi Fuqiang , Luo Yifen , Wang Naixing , Zhang Junlin , Wang Bozhou 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is of current development to construct high–performance energetic compounds by aggregation of energetic groups with dense arrangement. In this study, a hydrogen-free high-density energetic 3,4-bis(3-nitrofuroxan-4-yl)furoxan (BNTFO-I) was designed and synthesized in a simple, and straightforward manner. Its isomer, 3,4-bis(4-nitrofuroxan-3-yl)furoxan (BNTFO-IV), was also obtained by isomerization. The structures of BNTFO-I and BNTFO-IV were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis for the first time. Surprisingly, BNTFO-I has a remarkable calculated crystal density of 1983 g cm−3 at 296 K, which is distinctly higher than BNTFO-IV (1.936 g cm−3, 296 K), and ranks highest among azole-based CNO compounds yet reported. It is noteworthy that BNTFO-I exhibits excellent calculated detonation properties (vD, 9867 m s−1, P, 45.0 GPa). The interesting configuration differences of BNTFO-I and BNTFO-IV provide insight into the design of new advanced energetic materials.