bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between knee joint effusion and quadriceps strength and activation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction.
Authors: Johnson Alexa K. , McCollin Taylor , Garcia Steven A. , Wojtys Edward M. , Krishnan Chandramouli , Palmieri-Smith Riann M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Context
Knee joint effusion and quadriceps strength and activation deficits are common consequences of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. The presence of an effusion may initiate or worsen the quadriceps dysfunction present after ACL trauma. In simulated effusion studies, evidence indicates an inverse relationship between effusion size and quadriceps dysfunction. While this relationship was not found in patients after ACL injury, prior research was limited by a subjective clinical assessment of effusion grade.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine if the size of the knee joint effusion, measured via ultrasound, after ACL injury and reconstruction influences quadriceps strength and activation.

Design
Descriptive Laboratory Study.

Setting
Research Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
41 individuals (23 females, age=21.8±7.5years, height =171.7±7.9cm, 15 mass =72.3±14.2kg), with an ACL injury reported for 2 sessions [one before 16 reconstruction and one ∽16 weeks after ACL reconstruction].

Main Outcome Measure
Three ultrasound images of the suprapatellar pouch and three trials of quadriceps strength and activation using the interpolated twitch technique were gathered from the ACL knee. Effusion cross-sectional area was measured using ImageJ, averaged and inputted into linear regression models to predict muscle strength and interpolated twitch activation. Analyses were considered significant at p≤0.05.

Results
No relationship was found between effusion size and strength (R2 = 0.086) or activation (R2=0.056) after ACL injury (p&gt;0.05). After reconstruction, however, there was a small negative relationship between effusion size 24 and activation (R2=0.122; Standardized β=−0.349; p=0.025), while no relationship was found for effusion size and strength (R2=0.000; p≤0.05).

Conclusions
The size of the effusion after ACL injury does not influence strength or activation. However, after ACL reconstruction, effusion size does have a small influence on quadriceps activation, with a larger effusion being related to lower activation. Prior research using simulated effusions appear to overestimate the effects of effusion on quadriceps function.
The lifestyle factors of medical doctors in academic hospitals, Bloemfontein, Free State
Authors: Alexander Deepa C. , Lessing Leané , Botes Huibré , Conradie Fredré , Jansen van Rensburg Lu-Zahn , Nel Karien , Pienaar Emmarentia , Prinsloo Maryke , Sinclair Lialma , Van Rooyen Cornel 
Published: October 2024

Background: Lifestyle factors of medical doctors are essential to their health and well-being. Previous studies omitted factors that constituted a healthy lifestyle and did not differentiate between various medical specialties or level of seniority which may expose doctors to different stress levels, workload and responsibility. The study assessed the lifestyle factors of medical doctors and compared them between departments, levels of seniority, years of experience and gender according to globally recognised health standards.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study collected data using a questionnaire created by the researchers based on healthy lifestyle factors and was administered online. Access was given to all doctors from four large departments, employed at two academic hospitals in Bloemfontein, Free State who agreed to participate in the study.Results: Consultants from paediatrics, with 6+ years in medical practice, had the healthiest lifestyles. Registrars and interns from surgical disciplines such as obstetrics and gynaecology and surgery, with 1–5 years of medical practice, showed unhealthy lifestyles with inadequate sleep and exercise.Conclusion: The challenge remains how medical doctors can live a healthy lifestyle while managing a demanding schedule. This may impact on the management of their patients and the doctors’ overall health and well-being. We recommend improving the working conditions by providing healthy meals on-site at hospitals with adequate breaks, reducing the heavy workload and providing exercise facilities.Contribution: The findings from this article may help improve the lifestyles of the identified groups of at-risk doctors and assist them in seeking ways to improve upon this.
Drug use and divorce rates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Krokeyi Wisdom Selekekeme , Scent Grace Aje-Tonye 
Published: October 2024

This study examines the relaonship between drug use and divorce rates in Bayelsa State Nigeria, it ulized survey design, using quesonnaire to obtain data with a purposive sample size of 420. The data was analyzed using the Logisc and the Probit regression techniques. It was found that drug consumpon, frequency of drug consumpon and misuse of drug had a posive and insignificant impact on divorce among drug consumers. 2 The Pseudo R presented in column (1) shows that the variables in the model explain approximately 68.56% change in the divorce rate. The likelihood chi-square value of 30.53 (p = 0.0000) means that the variables jointly significantly affect the rate of divorce. The pvalue for hats is 0.239. The non-significant hatsq means good regression model adequacy. Also, the insignificant Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test is evidence of the overall goodness of fit of the regression model. Sensizaon of the dangers associated with the abuse of drug, frequent consumpon of drug and the use of drug without a medical doctor's prescripon is recommended.
Virulence and resistance genes in <i>Campylobacter spp</i> isolated from asymptomatic children at Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mureithi Gachau , Makobe Celestine , Gitahi Nduhiu , Wandia Beatrice , Brian Ben , Lelo Eric 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Campylobacter spp. are among the global causes of food poisoning and harbour virulence and resistance genes which play a role in invasion and antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to detect selected resistance and virulence genes in archived Campylobacter spp. isolated from children in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective laboratory-based cross-sectional study on archived samples of Campylobacter spp. at the Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi. Campylobacter isolates were cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) media. The presence of selected virulence genes and resistance genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). STATA13 was used in data analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to ascertain the association between the genes and the Campylobacter spp.
RESULTS
The Campylobacter spp. under this study were Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) (50%), Campylobacter coli (C. coli) (38%) and Campylobacter lari (C. lari) (12%). The virulence genes detected were cgtB 37 (25%), pldA (20%), cdtA (17%), cdtB (16%), cdtC (6%), wlaN (5%), iam (4%), ciaB (4%) and VirB11 (3%). The virulence gene waaC was not detected in any of the isolates. The resistance genes detected were TetA (42%), Tet B (26%), GyrB (18%) and GyrA (14%).
CONCLUSION
The study revealed the presence of various virulence and resistance genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from children. This information could help guide the development and enhancement of guidelines for the management of Campylobacter infections.
Sensorineural hearing loss among hypertensive patients attending cardiac institute in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Massawe Enica Richard , Mongi Benjamin , Kishevo Perfect , Pallangyo Pedro 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is among non-communicable diseases worldwide and it has been associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Almost 1.39 billion people (1 out of 4 adults) have hypertension and this figure is expected to increase. In Sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability. Hypertension is associated with sensorineural hearing loss by compromising the blood supply in the cochlea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An assessment of the proportion and patterns of sensorineural hearing loss among hypertensive patients was conducted. 191 patients aged 18 years and above were recruited. History and physical examination including blood pressure, and otoscopy were done. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was conducted.
RESULTS
Patients aged from 36 to 88 years with a mean age of 60 years and a standard deviation of 10. The patients aged between 61–76 years accounted for 85 (44.5%), whereas 29–44 and > 76 years accounted for 12 (6.3%) each. The female-to-male ratio was 1:1. Sensorineural hearing loss was detected in 144 (75.4%), commonly above 76 years of age which was 11 (91.7%. Mild sensorineural hearing loss was the most common degree revealed. There was no relationship between the degree of sensorineural hearing loss and the grades of hypertension (p-value of 0.113). No relationship between the duration of hypertension with the severity of hearing loss, p-value =0.369.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss among hypertensive patients was 75.4%. The bilateral and mild degree was the commonest presentation. Increasing age was found to be associated with increased hearing loss. The duration and grade of hypertension were not related to the severity of hearing loss.
Factors related to sepsis in critical care setting in Rwanda selected referral hospital
Authors: Mwiseneza Innocent , Nkomeje Aurelia , Umuhoza Aline , Mukwesi Christian , Hategekimana Sylvestre 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Sepsis is described as potentially fatal organ failure induced by an unbalanced host response to infection. Annual estimates put the number of sepsis cases at over 19 million. The number of sepsis-related deaths is estimated to reach 5 million, with the vast majority happening in LMICs. However, such information is required to increase awareness of sepsis's global impact, especially in developing countries like Rwanda. The study aimed to evaluate the factors related to sepsis in a critical care setting in Rwanda's selected referral hospital.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach was conducted and simple random sampling was used. Files of 191 study participants and a structured questionnaire were used in data collection, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression in SPSS version 21 was used in data analysis, and results were presented in tables.
RESULTS
The prevalence of sepsis was 40.3%. By plotting bivariate analysis the results showed that sepsis was significantly associated with the following variables; self-employed as an occupation with (OR=0.216, 95%CI:0.047-0.987) p 0.48 taking reference for unemployed; pneumonia with sepsis at (OR=1.993, 95%CI:0.657-6.043) p 0.023, systemic infection (OR=0.329, 95%CI:0.104-1.044) p 0.059; other procedure with (OR=4.735,95%CI:1.509- 14.855); procedure timeframe not mentioned with (OR=0.123,95%CI:0.027-0.553) p 0.032; hospitalized 15 days and more with OR=6.697 (95%CI:0.809-59.863) and p 0.032.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of sepsis was 40.3% and factors related to sepsis include; occupation, having pneumonia, systemic infection, timeframe for carrying out the procedure, and patient being hospitalized for 15 days and more.
Patient factors associated with complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer patients at a county referral hospital, Kenya
Authors: Etole Bravin George , Oluchina Sherry , Mbithi Bernard Wambua 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Despite numerous global reports on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), no studies have been published regarding its use at Machakos Level 5 Hospital. Therefore, this study aims to identify patient-related factors associated with CAM use among cancer patients at this Level 5 hospital in Kenya.
METHODOLOGY
A mixed method, cross-sectional design was implemented at Machakos level five hospital in Kenya. A Census was carried out, using a face-to-face researcher-administered questionnaire among 80 cancer patients receiving treatment at the clinic. Critically ill and mentally unstable patients were excluded. A Chi-square test assessed variable associations, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Logistic regression analyzed variable relationships.
RESULTS
Gender was significantly associated with CAM use (p=0.014). Regression analysis revealed that Male patients were 79% less likely to use CAM (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.042-1.003, p=0.050). Patients who had received radiotherapy were likely to use CAM (p=0.032), however, on regression analysis there was no significant association. Believes that CAM improves health (χ2=9.231, p-0.010), supports conventional treatment (χ2=15.620, p-0.001), cures cancer (χ2=12.661, p-0.002), manages treatment side effects (χ2=11.045, p-0.004), relieves cancer symptoms (χ2=9.008, p-0.011), promotes self-healing (χ2=16.969, p-0.001), and gives hope (χ2=17.512, p-0.001) were significantly associated with CAM use.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.
There was a significant association between patient characteristics and CAM use among cancer patients. Improving patient-healthcare worker communication could encourage reporting of CAM usage. Further research is needed to explore the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of CAM in cancer patients.
Preparation of flower-like hierarchical structure SnO2/g-C3N4 and its ethanol gas-sensitive properties
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Pang Jia-Wen 
Published: October 2024

The flower-like hierarchical structured SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal method with high-temperature calcination. The structure and morphology of the synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The gas-sensitive performance of the pure SnO2 and SnO2/g-C3N4 sensors were investigated and compared towards ethanol gas. The results showed that the response of the SnO2/g-C3N4 composites to 100 ppm ethanol gas at 200 °C was 18.88, which was 2.09 times that of pure SnO2, with response and recovery time of 2 s and 13 s. In addition, the gas sensor has excellent selectivity for ethanol gas, good repeatability, and long-term stability. These gas-sensitive properties of the flower-like graded structure SnO2/g-C3N4 to ethanol gas are attributed to the materials which have unique graded structure and n-n heterojunction.
KEY WORDS: Hierarchical structure, SnO2/g-C3N4, Gas sensing property
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 141-152.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.12
Synthesis, and spectroscopic characterizations of gold(III) complexes containing nitrogen-heterocycle based pyridine derivatives as a biomolecular chelates
Authors: Mohsen Q. , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: October 2024

Three gold(III) nanostructured complexes of nicotinamide (nta), picolinic acid (pica), and isonicotinic acid (inta) were synthesized by the reacted of AuCl3 salt with nta, pica, and inta with 1:2 stoichiometry in the alcoholic medium. The solid products obtained were formulated by comparing experimental and calculated data for microanalytical (C, H, N) and metal. Both produce 1:2 compounds with metal ions. The prepared complexes were characterized by different physico-spectroscopic techniques. The FTIR, and 1H NMR spectral analysis, morphological analysis (scanning electron microscopy SEM, transmittance TEM, and X-ray powder diffraction XRD) of these complexes have been discussed. The conductive behavior of the complexes indicates that all of them behave as electrolytic behavior. The mononuclear gold(III) complexes have formulated as [Au(nta)2(Cl)2].Cl, [Au(pica)2].Cl and [Au(inta)2].Cl. The shifts of the ν(N–H) amino, ν(C=N) pyridine, and ν(C=O) carboxylic stretches have been monitored to find out the donor sites of the ligands. According to the experimental data, the three complexes can be characterized in the solid state as mononuclear, with a four-coordinate stereochemistry.
KEY WORDS: Gold complex, Nicotinamide, Picolinic acid, Isonicotinic acid, Nanostructure, Spectroscopic
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 111-121.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.9
Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Contraceptive Use Among Final Year Medical Undergraduates In The University Of Calabar, Cross River State
Authors: N.I. Joy , H.U Ikechukwu , F. Lincoln , O.K. Dickson , M. Nkese 
Published: October 2024

Background
Globally, the rate of risky sexual behaviors among young undergraduates remains a publi hhealth concern. A wide body of evidence underscores the negative consequences of poor sexual and reproductive health. Despite the proven benefits of contraception, the knowledge, attitude and use of contraceptives among healthcare workers who ought to be advocates have been inadequate. We set out to determine these variables among soon-to-be medical doctors in a Nigerian tertiary institution.
Methods/Subjects
We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study among 83 final-year medical undergraduates of the University of Calabar, Cross River State using an intervieweradministered questionnaire. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling by balloting and data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results were presented using descriptive statistics.
Results
Mean age of participants was 25.4±2.0. The results showed a predominance of good knowledge about contraception among the participants (73, 88%) irrespective of age, gender, marital status and religion. However, most of the participants (53, 63.9%) had poor attitude towards contraception. Concerning practice of contraception, there was a high prevalence (62.7%) of contraceptive use among our respondents as condoms were the predominant contraceptive method used with pharmacy stores being the common source of obtaining these contraceptives.
Conclusion
This research investigated the knowledge, attitude, and practice of final-year medical students on contraception. An important finding emerging from this study is that the majority of the participants had a poor attitude toward contraception despite having a good level of knowledge of contraception.
Occurrence and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> and <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> as Well as Coliform Load Recovered from Healthy Dogs in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Adzitey Frederick , Salifu Hafiz , Boo Alexander , Yidana David , Dogbey Godwin 
Published: October 2024

Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli are vital bacteria associated with infections in both humans and animals. Their presence in dogs expose humans to the risk of infections. This study determined the occurrence and phenotype antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli recovered from healthy dogs in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. The study also examined coliform loads in these dogs. A total of 120 samples from five different parts (anus, mouth, nose, inner ear and outer ear) of apparently 24 healthy dogs were examined. Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli were determined according to the Bacteriological Analytical Manual and the Disc Diffusion methods, respectively. The occurrence of Salmonella enterica was highest at 41.7% and lowest at 8.33% while Escherichia coli in the dogs was highest at 62.5% and lowest at 16.7%. The coliform load was highest at 3.7 log cfu/cm2 and lowest at 3.1 log cfu/cm2 . The Salmonella enterica isolates were highly resistant to teicoplanin (100%) and tetracycline (89.5%), but susceptible to gentamicin (68.4%). The MAR index ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 and the resistance pattern TecTeCCro (resistant to teicoplanin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone) was the most common. For Escherichia coli, they were highly resistant to teicoplanin (84.6%) and tetracycline (73.1%), but susceptible to gentamicin (80.8%), ceftriaxone (88.5%) and chloramphenicol (92.3%). The MAR index ranged from 0.0 to 0.6 and the resistannce pattern Tec (resistant to only tetracycline) was the most common. In conclusion, this showed that apparently healthy dogs were sources of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. The Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates showed varied resistances to antibiotics.
The Relationship Between the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Herders on Hygienic Milking and The Contamination Risk of Milk with Cryptosporidium Oocyst in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Esonu Daniel Obinna , Kabir Junaidu , Jatau Isa D. , Lawan Mohammed K. , Yusuf Mohammed S. , Aliyu Mohammed B. , Yusuf Fatima L. 
Published: October 2024

Dairy products are consumed by millions on daily basis worldwide and as such the potential for foodborne illness is a major concern. This study investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocyst in cow bulk milk and the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of herders towards hygienic milking in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 120 milk samples were collected for this study. Detection of Cryptosporidium oocyst in milk samples was carried out by concentration technique using Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) solution and stained with Modified Ziehl Neelsen method. Sixty (60) structured questionnaires were administered to herders in the study area to identify possible risk factors and assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices toward hygienic milking. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in cow bulk milk was 11.7% (14/120). Questionnaires administered showed that the majority of the respondents had poor knowledge (88.3%), negative attitudes (85.0%) and adopted unsatisfactory practices (95.0%) to hygienic milking. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in cow bulk milk from this study suggests that the dairy cattle in these LGAs have a high potential for transmitting Cryptosporidium to humans. Hence the findings of this study are of great public health significance as these group of animals sampled produce milk for consumption in both urban and rural communities. Therefore, inhabitants of these LGAs should be informed and educated on the need to improve sanitary measures while milking these animals and the need for adequate pasteurization of milk before consumption.
Aprendizaje y Desarrollo: Elaboraciones Contemporáneas a Partir de la Tesis Vygotskiana de su Relación
Authors: Rodríguez Arocho Wanda C. 
Published: October 2024

El presente ensayo plantea y defiende la tesis de que algunos de los desarrollos contemporáneos en el enfoque histórico-cultural son de gran pertinencia a la educación y las prácticas pedagógicas, en particular las elaboraciones de la relación aprendizaje-desarrollo según conceptualizada por Vygotski. Con fundamentación en estudios realizados por la autora, su objetivo es brindar información sobre los antecedentes de estos desarrollos, discutirlos y analizarlos, y compartir reflexiones con respecto a sus implicaciones. El abordaje al tema se realiza mediante una revisión crítica de literatura académica contemporánea que elabora algunas ideas y produce investigaciones inspiradas en el legado L.S. Vygotski. Consistente con el enfoque histórico-cultural, el examen de las producciones teóricas e investigativas contemporáneas comienza por establecer sus antecedentes y contextualizarlas. Del análisis resulta una perspectiva compleja en la que conceptos relegados en lecturas e interpretaciones de la obra de Vygotsky pasan a ocupar un lugar central. Se concluye que desde ese lugar se han generado y siguen generando propuestas para transformar la educación tradicional en una práctica orientada a la equidad y la justicia social.