bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of green Al2O3 ceramics surface machined by tools with textures on flank‐face in dry turning
Authors: Liu Yayun , Deng Jianxin , Wang Wei , Duan Ran , Xing Youqiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGreen Al2O3 ceramics through cold isostatic pressing were produced. Scratch tests were performed to evaluate the machinability. Texturing was applied on the flank‐face of the WC/Co tools by laser. Tools with textures on the flank‐face were adopted in dry cylindrical turning of the green Al2O3 ceramics. Characterization of green ceramic surfaces machined by flank‐face textured tools was studied. Results revealed that green ceramics had good enough machinability in cutting tests and scratch tests. There were no visible cracks on the surface after machining. Flank‐face textured tools could improve the surface integrity during processing green Al2O3 ceramics. Mechanisms responsible were found that derivative‐cutting behavior by flank‐face textures was able to remove visible hard inclusions on surfaces of green ceramics, which made the surfaces much smoother. More tiny ceramic powders generated by the phenomenon were pressed on the surfaces of green ceramics, which made further efforts on improving surface quality. Machining parameters had significant impacts on surface integrity. Within machining parameters, surface quality became better and compaction area was found on surfaces of green Al2O3 ceramics with the increase of cutting depth, but there were still visible hard inclusions and spalling of materials on the surface after machining.
A pilot study to introduce a local external quality assurance scheme for D‐dimers in the National Health Laboratory Service, in South Africa
Authors: Aggett Hazel , Dabula Patience , Mayne Elizabeth S. , Louw Susan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionLaboratory quality assurance (QA) includes internal quality control (IQC), external quality assurance (EQA) and quality improvement (QI). EQA identifies quality deviations and training needs. D‐dimers are breakdown products of thrombus and results guide various clinical decisions.MethodsThe National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) in South Africa performs the pathology tests for more than 80% of the population. The NHLS Quality Assurance Department distributed 301 questionnaires to laboratories enquiring about D‐dimer testing. Two levels of STAGO® and Siemens® commercial D‐dimer assay control material were distributed for analysis and returned results analysed.ResultsA total of 64 (21.2%) completed questionnaires were returned and 26 (40.6%) laboratories were performing D‐dimers with 25 (97%) subscribing to an EQA scheme. All laboratories reported results in D‐dimer units with a negative result cut‐off of ≤0.25 mg/L but various testing platforms were in use. All returned interpretations of analyses on the blinded control material were correct. The results were also within the respective reference ranges of the controls apart from three outliers. One laboratory obtained a result on STAGO® pathological control that was above the cut‐off of the control reference range but the reason for this error could not be identified. Another obtained results on the STAGO® and on the Siemens® normal controls that were both below the cut‐off of the control reference range due to transcription errors.ConclusionThe study demonstrated the feasibility of a local EQA scheme for D‐dimers based on commercial control material that could mitigate against the cost of international EQA scheme participation.
Adapting dialectical behaviour therapy in forensic learning disability services: A grounded theory informed study of “what works”
Authors: Browne Claire , Brown Gill , Smith Ian C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence indicates effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for people with intellectual disabilities (PWID) in forensic settings; however, little is known about “what works” facilitating engagement and change.MethodsEleven interviews were conducted with nine service users across two secure inpatient services. Grounded theory was used to develop a model of perceived engagement and change.ResultsThe model provides insights into how change occurs during DBT delivered in forensic settings. DBT constitutes a challenging journey, yet provides the motivation and means to address individual's intra‐/interpersonal aggression and progress towards release. Participants experienced engaging with DBT as difficult and coercive, moving from compliance and avoidance to acceptance and change. Key factors included participants’ motivation, beliefs about safety and ability to change, and interactions with staff.ConclusionRecommendations are made for increasing intrinsic motivation, reducing perceived coercion and distress, and for future research to address potential aversive elements and enhance effectiveness.
Efficacy of metformin on postprandial plasma triglyceride concentration by administration timing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized cross‐over pilot study
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Morino Katsutaro , Ogaku Seiichiro , Tsuji Akiko , Nishimura Kimihiro , Sekine Osamu , Ugi Satoshi , Maegawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionPreprandial metformin administration significantly reduces postprandial plasma triglyceride levels in animal studies by reducing intestinal absorption through delayed gastric emptying. However, this effect has not been shown in a clinical study. Therefore, we planned to investigate the efficacy of preprandial metformin administration on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and the related gastrointestinal effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsA total of 11 patients taking single‐dose metformin at 500–1,000 mg, with non‐fasting plasma triglyceride levels of 150–1,000 mg/dL, were recruited at a single university hospital. The difference between preprandial and postprandial metformin administration on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was examined by a meal test. The gastrointestinal effects of metformin, including stomach heaviness, heartburn and satiety, were also assessed using a visual analog scale.ResultsThe mean bodyweight of patients was 80.6 kg (body mass index 27.9 kg/m2), and the mean non‐fasting plasma triglyceride level was 275.9 ± 57.0 mg/dL. The area under the curve of triglyceride during the meal test was significantly lower in the preprandial protocol than in the postprandial protocol (P < 0.05). Compared with postprandial administration, preprandial administration of metformin increased satiety (P = 0.036) without stomach heaviness or heartburn.ConclusionsPreprandial metformin administration significantly reduced plasma triglyceride level during meal testing without marked exacerbation of gastrointestinal adverse effects. The present results suggest that a simple change in the timing of metformin administration represents a novel approach for enhancing triglyceride‐lowering strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.
The Association of Resident Communication Abilities and Antibiotic Use in Long‐Term Care
Authors: Saxena Farah E. , Bronskill Susan E. , Brown Kevin A. , Campitelli Michael A. , Garber Gary , Langford Bradley , Maxwell Colleen J. , McCormack Daniel , Schwartz Kevin L. , Daneman Nick 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVESTo determine whether decreased communication ability among long‐term care residents is associated with increased antibiotic exposure.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGAll long‐term care homes in Ontario, Canada.PARTICIPANTSAll adults aged 66 years or older residing in long‐term care and undergoing a full assessment between January 1 and December 31, 2016 (N = 87,947).MEASUREMENTSData were obtained from linkable, population‐wide administrative data sets. Residents were identified, and characteristics were abstracted from the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Dataset version 2.0. The primary predictors of interest were residents' ability to make themselves understood and ability to understand others. The primary outcome was antibiotic days of treatment per 1000 resident days in the 90 days following assessment (obtained from the Ontario Drug Benefits Database).RESULTSThose who were sometimes/rarely/never able to make themselves understood received 50.7 antibiotic days per 1000 person‐days of follow‐up, compared to 62.1 received by those who were able to make themselves understood. Those who were sometimes/rarely/never able to understand others received 50.0 antibiotic days per 1000 person‐days of follow‐up, compared to 61.4 by those who were able to understand others. Multivariable Poisson regression, accounting for resident characteristics, confirmed that compared to those with highest levels of communication ability, those who could sometimes/rarely/never make themselves understood had significantly fewer days on antibiotics (rate ratio [RR] = 0.76; confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.73‐0.79) as did those who could sometimes/rarely/never understand others (RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.74‐0.79).CONCLUSIONPoor resident communication ability is not a driver of antibiotic overuse in long‐term care. In fact, lower ability to understand others and/or be understood by others is associated with less antibiotic exposure. Further work is needed to optimize antibiotic use in long‐term care residents across the entire spectrum of communication skills.
Effects of mindfulness, coping styles and resilience on job retention and burnout in caregivers supporting aggressive adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Nevill R. E. , Havercamp S. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the growing body of studies investigating the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on caregivers supporting people with developmental disabilities, the current study aimed to explore the role that the cognitive processes of mindfulness, coping style and resilience played in predicting caregiver retention and burnout among a sample of direct support professionals working with aggressive adults with developmental disabilities.MethodsNinety‐seven direct support professionals were surveyed to determine level of mindfulness, coping styles, resilience and burnout and were interviewed 3 months later to determine if they were still working with the aggressive adult.ResultsMindfulness skills of describing non‐judgmentally and observing one's environment, as well as problem‐focused coping, emerged as protective factors against burnout, while avoidance‐focused and maladaptive coping emerged as risk factors. Mindful openness acted as the only predictor of job retention.ConclusionsThese results support that paid caregivers should receive trainings in mindfulness and positive coping mechanisms as part of their job trainings, to promote positive outcomes for both themselves and the people they support.
Performing Pluralism: Language, Indigeneity, and Ritual Activism in Amazonia
Authors: Wroblewski Michael 
Published: January 2019

ResumenUtilizo estudios anteriores de la actuación y política de identidad, activismo, y modernidad indígena en América Latina para analizar formas discursivas interrelacionadas entre los Kichwa del Ecuador Amazónico, incluyendo la naración, entrevistas meta‐lingüísticas, y representaciones urbanas de la comunicación ritualista. Argumento que el discurso Napo Kichwa es definida por el pluralismo, o la coexistencia y objetivación de lenguas, voces, y conocimientos múltiples y contrastantes. El pluralismo es explícito en el activismo ritual, un género de discurso ritualista que ha sido reformulado por un propósito político. Aumento la descripción etnográfica del discurso de los Kichwas Amazónicos y su cosmología, mostrando que los Napo Kichwa incluyen varias comunidades rurales y urbanos, distintamente conectados con varios lenguas y conocimientos. Propongo que el pluralismo discursivo representa una característica de la modernidad indígena en general, donde la objetivación de la alteridad y la demostración de dominio de conocimientos no‐indígenas son estrategias importantes para enfrentar el cambio sociopolítico.
Afro‐Cuban Counterpoint: Religious and Political Encompassments
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Anastasios , Espirito Santo Diana 
Published: January 2019

ResumenEn este artículo proponemos entender la religiosidad afrocubana de una manera que no la ve como si fuese un epifenómeno de los regímenes políticos o como uno de resistencia en términos de sus dimensiones simbólicas. Argumentamos que la religión afrocubana produce personas como hiper‐individualizadas, a través de cosmologias que, en gran medida, “abarcan” la vida cotidiana, incluyendo la política. La Revolución Socialista, por lo contrario, ha intentado “abarcar” el individuo atribuyendole un destino universalmente ético e ideológico. Tales direcciones opuestas de “abarcamiento” no crean un esquema jerárquico rígido, sino, en gran medida, dejan las tensiones sin resolución. Ambos tipos de ideales de personas en última instancia no llegan a realizarse en su totalidad. Precisamente porque uno florece donde el otro falla, la relación entre las religiones afrocubanas y la política socialista obtiene características de contrapunteo, un término designado por Fernando Ortiz, lo cual deja un espacio vital para conflicto, resitencia y ruptura.
New antibiotic regimen for preterm premature rupture of membrane reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Tanaka Satoko , Tsumura Keisuke , Nakura Yukiko , Tokuda Tsugumichi , Nakahashi Hiroaki , Yamamoto Tomoko , Ono Takeshi , Yanagihara Itaru , Nomiyama Makoto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe optimal antibiotic regimen for preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROM) is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of ampicillin–sulbactam (SBT/ABPC) and azithromycin (AZM) on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).MethodsThis retrospective study included women with singleton gestations and a diagnosis of pPROM between 22 and 27 weeks of gestation. In patients presenting with a high risk of intra‐amniotic infection between January 2011 and May 2013, piperacillin or cefmetazole + clindamycin (regimen 1 group; n = 11) was administered, whereas SBT/ABPC and AZM (regimen 2 group; n = 11) were administered in patients presenting a similar risk between June 2013 and May 2016.ResultsThe incidence of moderate or severe infant BPD in the regimen 2 group was significantly lower than that in the regimen 1 group, even when adjusted for gestational age at the time of rupture of membrane, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.02 (1.8 × 10−5–0.33). The incidence of BPD and total days on mechanical ventilation were significantly lower in the regimen 2 group than in the regimen 1 group. No significant differences were seen in other morbidities.ConclusionIn patients with pPROM between 22 and 27 weeks of gestation, the administration of SBT/ABPC and AZM may improve the perinatal outcomes.
Biological and molecular characterization of hop stunt viroid variants from pistachio trees in Iran
Authors: Maddahian Mohammad , Massumi Hossein , Heydarnejad Jahangir , Hosseinipour Akbar , Khezri Amin , Sano Teruo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHop stunt viroid (HSVd) infects a large number of woody plants such as grapevine, citrus, plum, peach, fig, mulberry, pear, pistachio and almond. Kerman Province is the most important pistachio‐growing region in Iran. During 2015–2016, pistachio orchards were surveyed in Kerman for the detection of HSVd. A total of 106 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples from pistachio trees were collected and assayed for HSVd by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and dot‐blot hybridization methods. The genomes of 11 HSVd isolates were PCR amplified, cloned, sequenced and compared with those available in GenBank. The full‐length genomes of Iranian variants range from 297 to 302 nucleotides, which are comparable to those of previously known HSVd variants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that four HSVd pistachio variants from Anar region were classified together with five Tunisian HSVd pistachio variants and formed a sub‐cluster within the HSVd‐hop isolates group, whereas two variants from Shahr‐e‐Babak region were grouped with known HSVd‐citrus variants. The other remaining five variants were clustered into the recombinant isolates group (P‐H/cit3). Phylogenetically, we discuss that the presence of HSVds in pistachio trees has a long history in Iran, and Tunisian HSVd pistachio variants probably originated from Iran. The infectivity of two HSVd pistachio variants was further verified by mechanical inoculation on some Cucurbitaceae plant species. The viroid was also transmitted to three healthy pistachio rootstocks by bud grafting. This is the first report on HSVd in pistachio trees in Iran.
Nationwide estimates and risk factors of hospital readmission in patients with cirrhosis in the United States
Authors: Shaheen Abdel‐Aziz , Nguyen Henry H. , Congly Stephen E. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Swain Mark G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of cirrhosis on the healthcare system is substantial and growing. Our objectives were to estimate the readmission rates and hospitalization costs as well as to identify risk factors for 90‐day readmission in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsWe conducted a weighted analysis of the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database to identify adult patients with cirrhosis‐related complications in the United States and assessed readmission rates at 30, 60 and 90 days post‐index hospitalization. Predictors of 90‐day readmissions were identified using weighted regression models adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics; the national estimate of hospitalization costs was also calculated.ResultsOf the 58 954 patients admitted with cirrhosis‐related complications in 2014, 14 910 (25%) were readmitted within 90 days because of cirrhosis‐related complications. The main causes of readmission were ascites (56%), hepatic encephalopathy (47%) and bleeding oesophageal varices (9%). Independent predictors of 90‐day readmissions were male sex (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.08, 95% CI, 1.04‐1.13), age <60 (aOR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.22‐1.32), privately insured (aOR: 0.74, 95% CI, 0.70‐0.77), having ≥3 comorbid conditions (aOR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.14‐1.42) and being discharged against medical advice (aOR: 1.41, 95% CI, 1.25‐1.59). The weighted cumulative national cost estimate of the index admission was $1.8 billion, compared to $0.5 billion for readmission.ConclusionsA quarter of patients admitted with cirrhosis‐related complications were readmitted within 90 days, representing a significant economic burden related to readmission of this population. Interventions and resource allocations to reduce readmission rates among cirrhotic patients is critical.
Open‐Mindedness and Disagreement
Authors: Spiegel James S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe current debate about disagreement has as rivals those who take the steadfast view and those who affirm conciliationism. Those on the steadfast side maintain that resolute commitment to a belief is reasonable despite peer disagreement. Conciliationists say that peer disagreement necessarily undermines warrant for one’s belief. This article discusses the relevance of open‐mindedness to the matter of peer disagreement. It shows how both the steadfast and the conciliatory perspective are consistent with a robust and substantive display of open‐mindedness. However, it also turns out that there are more ways to display open‐mindedness on the steadfast view than on the conciliatory view.
Philosophical Expertise and Philosophical Methodology
Authors: Seyedsayamdost Hamid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn recent years a new discussion on the nature of philosophical expertise has emerged: whether philosophers possess a special kind of expertise, what such expertise would entail, how to measure it, and related concerns. The aim of the present article is to clarify certain related points across these debates in the hope of paving a clearer path forward, by addressing the following. (1) The expertise defense, which seems central to many discussions on methodology and expertise, has been misconstrued at times. (2) Questions of expertise and methodology could be separated more clearly. (3) The study of expertise may be important in its own right; however, there may be good reasons to give priority to methodological concerns. (4) Finally, when viewed in light of methodological concerns, a new project emerges when engaging with recent contributions to the expertise debate. The present article attempts a brief outline of this project.
Intuitions as Evidence Facilitators
Authors: Ramsey William 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is currently an important debate about whether philosophical intuitions are intended as evidence for the theories philosophers promote. On one side are those who argue that philosophers do rely on intuitions as evidence; on the other side are those who deny any such role for philosophical intuitions. This paper argues that both sides of this debate are partially right and partially wrong. Intuitive judgments do not, as psychological states, function as evidence in most well‐known philosophical thought experiments. Philosophers nevertheless strongly depend upon these intuitive judgments. Where both sides go awry is in assuming that the importance of intuitive judgments rests solely upon their role as evidence. We need to distinguish between evidence, as such, from various nonevidential psychological states that are needed for something else to serve as evidence. The paper calls these latter conditions “evidence facilitators” and argues that intuitive judgments belong in this category.
FGB1 and WSC3 are in planta‐induced β‐glucan‐binding fungal lectins with different functions
Authors: Wawra Stephan , Fesel Philipp , Widmer Heidi , Neumann Ulla , Lahrmann Urs , Becker Stefan , Hehemann Jan‐Hendrik , Langen Gregor , Zuccaro Alga 
Published: January 2019

Summary

In the root endophyte Serendipita indica, several lectin‐like members of the expanded multigene family of WSC proteins are transcriptionally induced in planta and are potentially involved in β‐glucan remodeling at the fungal cell wall.

Using biochemical and cytological approaches we show that one of these lectins, SiWSC3 with three WSC domains, is an integral fungal cell wall component that binds to long‐chain β1‐3‐glucan but has no affinity for shorter β1‐3‐ or β1‐6‐linked glucose oligomers. Comparative analysis with the previously identified β‐glucan‐binding lectin SiFGB1 demonstrated that whereas SiWSC3 does not require β1‐6‐linked glucose for efficient binding to branched β1‐3‐glucan, SiFGB1 does.

In contrast to SiFGB1, the multivalent SiWSC3 lectin can efficiently agglutinate fungal cells and is additionally induced during fungus–fungus confrontation, suggesting different functions for these two β‐glucan‐binding lectins.

Our results highlight the importance of the β‐glucan cell wall component in plant–fungus interactions and the potential of β‐glucan‐binding lectins as specific detection tools for fungi in vivo.