bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus and oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma: the essentials
Authors: Yakin M , Seo B. , Hussaini H , Rich A , Hunter K 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is a global increase in the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in Australia and New Zealand. Risk factors for HPV‐positive OPSCC are male gender, white race, age older than 40 but younger than 59 years old, having multiple lifetime sex partners, having oro‐genital and oro‐anal sex. High‐risk HPV subtypes play a major role in the pathogenesis of OPSCC, however, they play a much lesser role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Among the laboratory tests used to detect oncogenic HPV infection, polymerase chain reaction is a sensitive method but does not reflect the role of HPV in oncogenesis. While widely used, p16 immunohistochemistry is both a sensitive and a specific surrogate marker for oncogenic HPV infection in OPSCC, but not in OSCC. However, it is a useful prognostic marker in OPSCC. The current gold standard to accurately detect oncogenic HPV infection is E6/E7 mRNAin situ hybridization. Because both HPV‐positive and p16‐positive OPSCC have better short‐term prognoses there is current debate and trials on treatment de‐escalation in HPV‐positive OPSCC. Dental practitioners can play an important role in early diagnosis of HPV‐positive OPSCC.
As Above, So Below: Anti‐Black Violence as Environmental Racism
Authors: Wright Willie Jamaal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractActivists and scholars often describe environmental racism as an immoral and illegal dumping of toxic waste into poor, Black, and people of colour communities. Yet, the use of environmental habitats in (and with) which Black people are mutilated, concealed, and contained has gone under‐conceptualised as a mode of environmental racism. I propose an expansion of familiar understandings of environmental racism to include the use of environmental habitats to commit and conceal acts of anti‐Black violence. This proposition draws from an understanding that environmental racism includes the mutual devaluation of Black bodies and the spaces in which they inhabit. I ground this study in Afro‐Pessimist and Black geographies thought, research on environmental racism and cultural analyses of Black literary and performance art. Finally, I draw from the spatial and racial analyses imprinted within James Baldwin's immense catalogue to put forth Blackness as an alternate human ethic imbued with political possibilities, an ontological conceptualisation which may push activists and scholars to seek redress beyond the policy rationales and recommendations commonplace among today's struggles for environmental justice.
Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? – vision and driving in the Nordic countries
Authors: Bro Tomas , Lindblom Bertil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study describes the present legislation for visual requirements for driving in the Nordic countries in relation to the European Driving License Directive.MethodsInformation about the formal legislation was gathered from each countries legal text. Further information about the implementation and common practices were achieved from national authorities in vision and driving.ResultsEven though the Nordic countries use the same framework of legislation, the implementation varies widely. Sweden and Norway have more specified visual field requirements than the others. On the other hand, no periodic testing of visual acuity (VA) is performed in Sweden as in all other Nordic countries. Physicians on Iceland are not obliged to report a person no longer fulfilling the visual requirements, as in other Nordic countries. In Denmark, Finland and Norway a person may apply for dispensation from the requirements by performing a practical driving test. In Sweden, a person applying for dispensation can undergo a traffic simulator test.ConclusionBecause of the national legislation in the Nordic countries, a person with a visual impairment may be given different permissions depending on which country they live in. As the inhabitants in the Nordic countries frequently cross the regional borders, a harmonization of the legislation would be of value. More research in this field could provide future standards, combining the greatest autonomy with the highest possible safety.
Isolated pigment epithelium detachment: evidence for relation to central serous chorioretinopathy and effect of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Arif Farah , Pryds Anders , Larsen Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe clinical characteristics and response to verteporfin therapy (PDT) in eyes with retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) in the absence of primary disease other than characteristics compatible with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).MethodsRetrospective review of 634 consecutive patients diagnosed with isolated PED or CSC in one or both eyes in the period from 2007 to 2014 at a single institution.ResultsPigment epithelium detachment (PED) in the absence of primary pathology other than angiographic choroidal hyperpermeability in the incident or fellow eye or manifest CSC in the fellow eye was found in 22 eyes in 19 patients. Follow‐up ranged from 4 to 61 months. Five of 19 patients (26%) had classic CSC in the fellow eye. Transition from isolated PED to manifest CSC in the eye with PED was observed in seven eyes (33%) over a median untreated period of observation of 11 months (range, 1–32 months). A single session of PDT followed up 1–6 months later showed full resolution of the PED in seven (78%) of nine eyes. Of the 13 untreated eyes, five eyes (38%) underwent spontaneous resolution of the PED.ConclusionFellow‐eye findings, conversion to CSC, resolution of PED after PDT or, less commonly, spontaneously support that isolated PED is a manifestation of CSC that represents an intermediate stage between pachychoroid and classic CSC. The chance of experiencing resolution of the PED was roughly twice as high with PDT as with untreated observation.
Efficacy of collagen matrix implant on adhesions in restrictive strabismus: An experimental study in a rabbit model
Authors: Yoo Yung Ju , Hwang Jeong‐Min , Choe Gheeyoung , Yang Hee Kyung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine the efficacy of a biodegradable collagen matrix implant (Ologen, Aeon Astron Europe BV, Leiden, the Netherlands) in reducing adhesions in a rabbit model of restrictive strabismus.MethodsA prospective, masked‐observer, controlled experimental study was performed. Sixty superior rectus muscles of 30 rabbits were resected and Marlex mesh was fixed beneath the resected muscle using nonabsorbable suture. Forty eyes underwent one of two different procedures; the resected muscle was wrapped with preserved human amniotic membrane (AM group) or Ologen (Ologen group). Randomly selected 20 eyes served as controls. Eyes were enucleated at 4 weeks after surgery to measure the severity of adhesion using a push pull gauge. Histopathological examination was performed.ResultsAt postoperative week four, the average tensile strength of the myoscleral adhesion was significantly lower in the Ologen group (151.8 ± 42.7 gram force) compared to controls (347.9 ± 68.6 gram force) and AM group (193.0 ± 44.3 gram force) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively). Ologen group showed significantly lower degree of acute inflammation, chronic inflammation and rectus muscle fibrosis compared with controls (all p < 0.01). The degree of chronic inflammation was significantly lower in the Ologen group compared with AM group (p = 0.012).ConclusionCompared to amniotic membrane, Ologen is more effective in reducing mesh‐related extraocular muscle adhesions in a rabbit model of restrictive strabismus.
Oral sweet solution to prevent pain during neonatal hip examination: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Olsson Emma , Pettersson Miriam , Eriksson Mats , Ohlin Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo determine if oral glucose can have a pain‐relieving effect during routine hip examinations in newborn infants.MethodsIn this randomised controlled study 100 newborn infants undergoing the routine physical examination including the potentially painful hip examination were included between March 2016 and April 2017. Fifty infants were randomised to water (control) and 50 to oral glucose (intervention) before their examination. Pain was assessed using crying time, Astrid Lindgren and Lund Children's Hospital Pain and Stress Assessment Scale (ALPS‐Neo) and Visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsTotal crying time (p = 0.006), crying time during the hip examination (p = 0.026), ALPS‐Neo (p = 0.004) and VAS (p = 0.006) (when assessed by the physician) were all significantly decreased in the group of infants receiving glucose. VAS assessment made by the parents did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.127).ConclusionOral glucose given before the examination has a pain‐relieving effect during the hip examination in healthy newborn infants.
A Research Note on Bargain Purchase Gains on Acquisition
Authors: Kabir Humayun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis research note explores the incidence, amounts, disclosure and potential sources of bargain purchase gains reported by an Australian sample of firms during 2013–15. It finds that 7.58% of the sample acquirers reported bargain purchase gains during this period. The median gain as a percentage of consideration transferred was 18.90%. In contravention of IFRS 3 Business Combinations, not all acquirers with material bargain purchase gains disclosed in notes why the gain arose. Finally, the note reports preliminary evidence suggesting uncertainty about the sources of the gain.
The impact of CYP2D6 mediated drug–drug interaction: a systematic review on a combination of metoprolol and paroxetine/fluoxetine
Authors: Bahar Muh. Akbar , Kamp Jasper , Borgsteede Sander D. , Hak Eelko , Wilffert Bob 
Published: September 2018

AimMetoprolol (a CYP2D6 substrate) is often co‐prescribed with paroxetine/fluoxetine (a CYP2D6 inhibitor) because the clinical relevance of this drug–drug interaction (DDI) is still unclear. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the available evidence and quantify the clinical impact of the DDI.MethodPubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched for studies reporting on the effect of the DDI among adults published until April 2018. Data on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes from experimental, observational and case report studies were retrieved. The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018093087).ResultsWe found nine eligible articles that consisted of four experimental and two observational studies as well as three case reports. Experimental studies reported that paroxetine increased the AUC of metoprolol three to five times, and significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and heart rate of patients. Case reports concerned bradycardia and atrioventricular block due to the DDI. Results from observational studies were conflicting. A cohort study indicated that the DDI was significantly associated with the incidence of early discontinuation of metoprolol as an indicator of the emergence of metoprolol‐related side effects. In a case–control study, the DDI was not significantly associated with bradycardia.ConclusionDespite the contradictory conclusions from the current literature, the majority of studies suggest that the DDI can lead to adverse clinical consequences. Since alternative antidepressants and beta‐blockers with comparable efficacy are available, such DDIs can be avoided. Nonetheless, if prescribing the combination is unavoidable, a dose adjustment or close monitoring of the metoprolol‐related side effects is necessary.
Late biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy is associated with a slower rate of progression
Authors: Chow Ken , Herrera Pia , Stuchbery Ryan , Peters Justin S. , Costello Anthony J. , Hovens Christopher M. , Corcoran Niall M. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo characterise the pattern of late biochemical recurrence (BCR) in the largest contemporary cohort of patients with localised prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) in the active surveillance era.Patients and methodsConsecutive patients who underwent RP for localised prostate cancer between 2003 and 2017 were identified from a prospectively recorded, dedicated prostate cancer database. Patients who received neoadjuvant androgen‐deprivation therapy were excluded. These patients were categorised into the following groups: no BCR, BCR at <12 months (early), BCR at 12–60 months (intermediate), and BCR at >60 months (late), after RP. Clinicopathological characteristics were analysed using the Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, or chi‐squared test where appropriate. Multivariable binomial logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of BCR at various time‐points.ResultsIn all, 2312 patients were included in the final analysis with up to 12 years of follow‐up data. The average patient had clinically localised prostate cancer, an elevated PSA level, and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group 2 on biopsy. In all, 88.7% of patients had ISUP Grade Group ≥2 at RP. A subgroup of 446 patients had undetectable PSA levels at 5 years after RP; 11.7% of them progressed to experience BCR. In this subgroup, late recurrers had significantly higher‐grade tumours on ISUP and Gleason sum (P <0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), higher rates of extraprostatic extension (P = 0.022), and larger tumour volumes (P = 0.032). Logistic regression showed that RP ISUP Grade Group was a significant predictor of BCR (odds ratio 2.14, 95% confidence interval 1.43–3.20; P <0.001).ConclusionThis study characterises the pattern of late BCR in the largest contemporary active surveillance era cohort. We have identified that RP ISUP Grade Group is a strong predictive indicator for late BCR. We also propose that timing of BCR resides on a continuum of risk and that the potential concept of dormant micrometastatic involvement requires further research and evaluation.
Characterization of eomesodermin and T-bet expression by allostimulated CD8+ T cells of healthy volunteers and kidney transplant patients in relation to graft outcome
Authors: Perez-Gutierrez A , Metes D M , Lu L , Hariharan S , Thomson A W , Ezzelarab M B 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMemory T cell (Tmem) responses play a critical role in the outcome of allo-transplantation. While the role of the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) in the maintenance of antigen-specific Tmem is well studied, little is known about Eomes+CD8+T cell responses after transplantation. We evaluated the phenotype and function of allo-reactive Eomes+CD8+T cells in healthy volunteers and kidney transplant patients and their relation to transplant outcome. High Eomes expression by steady-state CD8+T cells correlated with effector and memory phenotype. Following allo-stimulation, the expression of both the T-box proteins Eomes and T-bet by proliferating cells increased significantly, where high expression of Eomes and T-bet correlated with higher incidence of allo-stimulated IFNγ+TNFα+ CD8+T cells. In patients with no subsequent rejection, Eomes but not T-bet expression by donor-stimulated CD8+T cells, increased significantly after transplantation. This was characterized by increased EomeshiT-bet-/lo and decreased Eomes-/loT-bethi CD8+T cell subsets, with no significant changes in the EomeshiT-bethi CD8+T cell subset. No upregulation of exhaustion markers programmed-death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated-antigen-4 (CTLA4) by donor-stimulated Eomes+CD8+T cells was observed. Before transplantation, in patients without rejection, there were higher incidences of EomeshiT-bet-/lo, and lower incidences of EomeshiT-bethi and Eomes-/loT-bethi donor-stimulated CD8+T cell subsets, compared to those with subsequent rejection. Overall, our findings indicate that high Eomes expression by allo-stimulated T-bet+CD8+T cells is associated with enhanced effector function, and that an elevated incidence of donor-stimulated CD8+T cells co-expressing high levels of Eomes and T-bet before transplantation, may correlate with an increased incidence of acute cellular rejection.
Long term follow‐up of titanium implants installed in block‐grafted areas: A systematic review
Authors: Fuglsig João Marcus de Carvalho e Silva , Thorn Jens Jørgen , Ingerslev Janne , Wenzel Ann , Spin‐Neto Rubens 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAn enduring clinical question concerns the outcome (ie, success) of implants placed in areas grafted with block‐grafts.ObjectiveTo undertake a systematic review of the literature on the long term results (≥5 years) of implants placed in maxillofacial areas grafted with any type of osseous block‐grafts in two‐stage surgeries. Further, the review addresses how available success criteria were used within the studies.Materials and MethodsThe MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE bibliographic databases were searched up to March 2017 for studies evaluating the long term results of implants placed in grafted areas. The search strategy was restricted to English language publications using combined terms which referred to the treatment method (implants placed in areas grafted with bone blocks), and follow‐up characteristics (≥5 years and assessment of at least one parameter related to implant success criteria). To qualify for inclusion, studies should present outcome measurements indicating the success (or at least the survival) of the implants.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 17 studies, which were included in this systematic review. These studies presented survival rates ranging from 88.7% (after 15 years follow‐up) to 98.7% (after 5 years follow‐up). Five studies presented data based on predefined success criteria with success rates ranging from 86.8% to 100%. In these studies, the term “success” was often not properly defined.ConclusionThe long term survival (≥5 years) of implants placed into block‐grafted areas in two‐stage surgeries was not lower than 75%, while success rates ranged from 86.8% to 100%. Although it was possible to identify published success criteria for implant follow‐up, there is no broad consensus on how to report implant success in a consistent manner.
A novel methodological approach using superimposed Micro‐CT and STL images to analyze hard and soft tissue volume in immediate and delayed implants with different cervical designs
Authors: Sanz‐Martín Ignacio , Permuy María , Vignoletti Fabio , Nuñez Javier , Muñoz Fernando , Sanz Mariano 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo study the hard and soft tissue volume after placing immediate (IMI) or delayed implants (DLI) with a triangular coronal macro‐design (Test/T) or a conventional cylindrical design (Control/C).Material and MethodsT/C implants were inserted in healed ridges or in fresh extraction sockets of eight beagle dogs. Biopsies were processed for Micro‐CT analysis and dental stone casts were optically scanned to obtain STL files revealing the soft tissue contours at 12 weeks. Image analysis software was utilized to match common landmarks superimposing the two sets of data. Three distinct volumes were calculated; buccal bone volume (B‐BV), soft tissue volume below the implant shoulder (EC‐STV), and the soft tissue volume above the implant shoulder (SC‐STV). Using linear measurements, the soft tissue height (STH), the mucosal thickness (MT‐IS), and the distance from the implant shoulder to the bone crest (I‐BC) were assessed in the digital images and in conventional histology to assess the concordance, reproducibility, and reliability.ResultsThere were no significant differences between test and control implants regarding the buccal bone volume, although test implants had greater B‐BV in all locations except for PM2. The soft tissue volume was similar at T/C implants. The surgical approach influenced the distribution of the total tissue volume. In the IMI, a low position of the bone crest was correlated with low values of B‐BV, SC‐STV, MT‐IS, and STH. Linear measurements showed a high correlation between the histology and digital measurements and high inter and intra examiner agreement.ConclusionThe superimposition of Micro‐CT/STL allowed the analysis of soft and hard tissue volumes. Reduction of the implant buccal aspect resulted in nonsignificant higher bone volume although similar soft tissue volume while the surgical approach influenced soft tissue response.
Histological and micro‐CT analysis of peri‐implant soft and hard tissue healing on implants with different healing abutments configurations
Authors: Souza André Barbisan , Alshihri AbdulMonem , Kämmerer Peer W. , Araújo Maurício G. , Gallucci German O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of different abutment configurations on peri‐implant soft and hard tissue healing.Materials and MethodsTwo‐piece dental implants, 3.5 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length, were placed in four beagle dogs. Two different transmucosal healing abutment configurations were randomly selected: one with a wide emergence profile (WE) (45° angulation with implant long axis) and the other with a narrow emergence profile (NE) (15° angulation with implant long axis). After four months of healing, the animals were sacrificed. Micro‐CT scans were taken for mesio‐distal analysis; subsequently, the biopsies were prepared for bucco–lingual histometric analyses. Several measurements were taken using the following reference points: marginal mucosal level (MML), apical barrier epithelium (aBE), implant shoulder (IS), marginal bone crest (BC), and first bone‐to‐implant contact (fBIC).ResultsIn the micro‐CT analysis, the distance from IS‐fBIC was 1.11 ± 0.66 mm for WE and 0.12 ± 0.21 mm for NE (p = 0.004). The IS‐BC of WE was −0.54 ± 0.80 mm, whereas NE presented 0.76 ± 0.48 mm (p = 0.002). The histometric analysis showed that both groups presented comparable dimensions of peri‐implant biologic width (p > 0.05). However, in the distance from IS to BC, the WE showed a mean distance of −0.66 ± 0.78 mm while NE was 0.06 ± 0.42 mm (p = 0.039); the IS to fBIC was 0.89 ± 0.68 mm for WE while NE was 0.30 ± 0.30 mm (p = 0.041).ConclusionThe design of the transmucosal component can influence the establishment of the peri‐implant biologic width. The flat and wide emergence profile induced an apical displacement of the peri‐implant biologic width and more bone loss.