bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combating bacterial resistance by combination of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Sheard Dean E. , O’Brien-Simpson Neil M. , Wade John D. , Separovic Frances 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics in the healthcare and agricultural industries has led to the worldwide spread of bacterial resistance. The recent emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria has resulted in a call for the development of novel strategies to address this global issue. Research on a diverse range of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has shown promising activity against several resistant strains. Increased understanding of the mode of action of AMPs has shown similarity and complementarity to conventional antibiotics and the combination of both has led to synergistic effects in some cases. Combination therapy has been widely used to combat MDR bacterial infections and the recent focus on their application with AMPs may allow antibiotics to be effective against resistant bacterial strains. By conjugation of an antibiotic onto an AMP, a compound may be produced with possibly greater activity and with reduced side-effects and toxicity. The AMP in these conjugates may also act as a unique adjuvant for the antibiotic by disrupting the resistance mechanisms used by bacteria thus allowing the antibiotic to once again be effective. This mini-review outlines some of the current and past work in combining AMPs with conventional antibiotics as strategies to address bacterial resistance.
Joe Gumbula, the Ancestral Chorus, and the Value of Indigenous Knowledges
Authors: Corn Aaron 
Published: January 2019

AbstractJoseph Neparrŋa Gumbula (1954–2015) had an atypical scholarly trajectory. Born into a long line of Yolŋu leaders in the remote town of Milingimbi in the Arnhem Land Aboriginal Reverse, he left school in his mid-teens for the neighbouring town of Galiwin’ku in 1971, where he joined the country and gospel band, Soft Sands, as a singer and guitarist. Through his passion for making music and admission to Yolŋu ritual leadership in 1997, Gumbula discovered a new calling in researching the documented legacy of his family history in ethnographic collections around the world. This pursuit set him on an unprecedented path towards leading national research grants supported by fellowships at various universities. His research would return to Arnhem Land rare and precious ethnographic materials dating back as far as the edge of living memory in 1920s, and exemplify how Indigenous heritage collections can be grown, managed and made accessible with broad benefits. Paralleling the emergence of affordable digital media technologies, his research interests progressed accordingly from isolated local databases to clouded mobile delivery platforms. The interdisciplinary networks that Gumbula built were far reaching and have left lasting impacts. In this article, I expand upon my Gumbula Memorial Lecture for the 2017 Information Technologies and Indigenous Communities (ITIC) Symposium in Melbourne to explore how Gumbula challenged his students and colleagues to think and work beyond the conventions of disciplinary and professional methodologies, thereby transforming our understandings of knowledge itself and encouraging us to act as proactive agents in the world.
Crystal structure refinement of MnTe2, MnSe2, and MnS2: cation-anion and anion–anion bonding distances in pyrite-type structures
Authors: Tokuda Makoto , Yoshiasa Akira , Mashimo Tsutomu , Arima Hiroshi , Hongu Hidetomo , Tobase Tsubasa , Nakatsuka Akihiko , Sugiyama Kazumasa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The stability of hauerite (MnS2) as compared to that of pyrite (FeS2) can be explained by the long Mn–S distance and departure from the typical pyrite-type structures. The structural differences of MnX2 compounds (X=S, Se, and Te) are the result of spin configurations that are different than those of other MX2 compounds; however, the arrangement of d-electrons and the size of the ions in MnX2 compounds do not clearly explain why Mn2+ in MnX2 does not exist as a low spin state. To investigate the structural differences of MnX2 compounds, we synthesized single-crystal MnTe2 and MnSe2 and performed single-crsytal X-ray diffraction experiments. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted on MnTe2 [a=6.9513(1) Å, u-parameter=0.38554(2), space group Pa3̅, Z=4], MnSe2 [a=6.4275(2) Å, u-parameter=0.39358(2)], MnS2 [hauerite; a=6.1013(1) Å, u-parameter=0.40105(4), obtained from Osorezan, Aomori, Japan], and FeS2 [pyrite; a=5.4190(1) Å, u-parameter 0.38484(5), obtained from Kawarakoba, Nagasaki, Japan]. The X-ray intensity datasets of these compounds do not show any evidence of symmetry reduction. In MnS2, the S–S distance is 2.0915(8) Å, which is significantly shorter than that of FeS2 (2.1618(9) Å), and the mean square displacement of S (U
11=0.00915(9) Å2) is smaller than that of Mn (U
11=0.01137(9) Å2). The thermal vibration characteristics of MnX2 compounds are significantly different than those of FeS2. Based on structural refinement data, we discuss the low spin state of MnX2 compounds and the structural stability of pyrite-type structures.
Optimal Loading for Force Production in the Straight Bar Deadlift: Force-Time Characteristics in Strength-Trained Adults
Authors: Lawson Chelsey , Mundy Peter , Lyons Mark , Duncan Michael J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Lawson, C, Mundy, P, Lyons, M, and Duncan, MJ. Optimal loading for force production in the straight bar deadlift: Force-time characteristics in strength-trained adults. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1636–1641, 2021—This study sought to identify whether there is an optimum load in relation to peak force development and rate of force development (RFD) in the straight bar deadlift and to examine whether baseline strength levels influence this optimum load. Twelve strength-trained men (mean age ± SD; 25.1 ± 5.4 years) performed 3 deadlift repetitions at loads of 10% intervals of 20–90% of their predetermined individual 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Peak vertical force (PFz) and RFD were determined from each repetition. The repetition at each percentage of 1RM that produced the greatest PFz was used for analysis. All data were collected on an AMTI force platform. Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated significant differences in PFz across loads of 20–90% 1RM (p = 0.001) with a linear increase in PFz with increasing % of 1RM. The highest PFz occurred at 90% of 1RM. For RFD, there was a significant main effect for load (p = 0.018) where instantaneous RFD was significantly higher at 80 and 90% 1RM compared with 20% 1RM. When analyses were re-run using baseline strength as a covariate, the results did not change, indicating that baseline strength did not influence the PFz or RFD output. These results suggest that there is no significant difference in RFD between adjacent loads, but that peak force production was greatest at 90% 1RM in the straight bar deadlift.
Odor Concentration Change Coding in the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Parabucki Ana , Bizer Alexander , Morris Genela , Munoz Antonio E. , Bala Avinash D. S. , Smear Matthew , Shusterman Roman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDynamical changes in the environment strongly impact our perception. Likewise, sensory systems preferentially represent stimulus changes, enhancing temporal contrast. In olfaction, odor concentration changes across consecutive inhalations (ΔCt) can guide odor source localization, yet the neural representation ofΔCthas not been studied in vertebrates. We have found that, in the mouse olfactory bulb, a subset of mitral/tufted (M/T) cells representsΔCt, enhancing the contrast between different concentrations. These concentration change responses are direction selective: they respond either to increments or decrements of concentration, reminiscent of ON and OFF selectivity in the retina. This contrast enhancement scales with the magnitude, but not the duration of the concentration step. Further,ΔCtcan be read out from the total spike count per sniff, unlike odor identity and intensity, which are represented by fast temporal spike patterns. Our results demonstrate that a subset of M/T cells representsΔCt, providing a signal that may instruct navigational decisions in downstream olfactory circuits.
Molecular Profiling Defines Evolutionarily Conserved Transcription Factor Signatures of Major Vestibulospinal Neuron Groups
Authors: Lunde Anders , Okaty Benjamin W. , Dymecki Susan M. , Glover Joel C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVestibulospinal neurons are organized into discrete groups projecting from brainstem to spinal cord, enabling vertebrates to maintain proper balance and posture. The two largest groups are the lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) group and the contralateral medial vestibulospinal tract (cMVST) group, with different projection lateralities and functional roles. In search of a molecular basis for these differences, we performed RNA sequencing on LVST and cMVST neurons from mouse and chicken embryos followed by immunohistofluorescence validation. Focusing on transcription factor (TF)-encoding genes, we identified TF signatures that uniquely distinguish the LVST from the cMVST group and further parse different rhombomere-derived portions comprising the cMVST group. Immunohistofluorescence assessment of the CNS from spinal cord to cortex demonstrated that these TF signatures are restricted to the respective vestibulospinal groups and some neurons in their immediate vicinity. Collectively, these results link the combinatorial expression of TFs to developmental and functional subdivisions within the vestibulospinal system.
Conditional Inactivation of Pen-2 in the Developing Neocortex Leads to Rapid Switch of Apical Progenitors to Basal Progenitors
Authors: Cheng Shanshan , Liu Tingting , Hu Yimin , Xia Yingqian , Hou Jinxing , Huang Chaoli , Zou Xiaochuan , Liang Juan , Stone Shi Yun , Zheng Yuanlin , Lu Jun , Chen Guiquan 
Published: January 2019

The transition of apical progenitors (APs) to basal progenitors (BPs) is an important neurogenic process during cortical expansion. Presenilin enhancer 2 (Pen-2, also named as Psenen) is a key subunit of γ-secretase and has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disease. However, it remains unknown how Pen-2 may regulate the maintenance of APs. To address this question, we generated a conditional KO (cKO) mouse in which Pen-2 is specifically inactivated in neural progenitor cells in the telencephalon. Both male and female embryos were used. We show thatPen-2cKO cortices display remarkable depletion of Aps, but transient increase on BPs, compared with controls. We demonstrate that the proliferation rate of APs or BPs is not changed, but the switch of APs to BPs is dramatically accelerated inPen-2cKO cortices. Molecular analyses reveal decreased levels of Hes1 and Hes5 but increased levels of Ngn2 and NeuroD1 inPen-2KO cells. We report that expression of Notch1 intracellular domain inPen-2cKO cortices restores the population of APs and BPs. In summary, these findings highlight a central role of the Notch signaling in Pen-2-dependent maintenance of neural stem cells in the developing neocortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPresenilin enhancer 2 (Pen-2) has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disease. However, mechanisms by which Pen-2 regulates cortical development are not understood. In this study, we generated neural progenitor cell-specificPen-2conditional KO mice. We observe depletion of apical progenitors and transiently increased the number of basal progenitors in the developing neocortex of Pen-2 mutant mice. Mechanistic analyses reveal decreased levels of Hes1 and Hes5, but increased levels of neurogenic transcription factors in Pen-2 mutant cortices, compared with controls. We demonstrate that reintroduction of Notch intracellular domain into mutant mice restores the population of apical progenitors to basal progenitors. The above findings strongly suggest that the Pen-2-Notch pathway plays an essential role in the maintenance of neural stem cells during cortical development.
Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL27 gene with autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: He Weiwei , Wang Bin , Mu Kaida , Zhang Jing , Yang Yanping , Yao Wei , Li Sheli , Zhang Jin-an 
Published: January 2019

Background Accumulating data have shown that interleukin-27 (IL27) polymorphisms are linked to the susceptibility of some autoimmune diseases. We assessed whether there was an association between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL27 gene and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs).

Methods Three SNPs (rs153109, rs17855750 and rs181206) of IL27 gene were genotyped by Hi-SNP high-throughput genotyping in 843 patients with AITDs (516 Graves’ disease (GD) and 327 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT)) and 677 healthy controls in Chinese Han population.

Results Compared with controls, rs153109 displayed significant associations with GD in allele and genotype frequencies (P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively) and rs17855750 displayed significant associations with HT in allele frequencies (P = 0.02), whereas no differences in genotype or allele frequencies were found between AITD patients and controls at rs181206.

Conclusion Our study, for the first time, showed the significant association of the IL27 gene SNPs with AITD.
Sex-Specific Co-expression Networks and Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Salmonid Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis
Authors: Sutherland Ben J G , Prokkola Jenni M , Audet Céline , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Networks of co-expressed genes produce complex phenotypes associated with functional novelty. Sex differences in gene expression levels or in the structure of gene co-expression networks can cause sexual dimorphism and may resolve sexually antagonistic selection. Here we used RNA-sequencing in the salmonid Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis to characterize sex-specific co-expression networks in the liver of 47 female and 53 male offspring. In both networks, modules were characterized for functional enrichment, hub gene identification, and associations with 15 growth, reproduction, and stress-related phenotypes. Modules were then evaluated for preservation in the opposite sex, and in the congener Arctic Charr Salvelinus alpinus. Overall, more transcripts were assigned to a module in the female network than in the male network, which coincided with higher inter-individual gene expression and phenotype variation in the females. Most modules were preserved between sexes and species, including those involved in conserved cellular processes (e.g., translation, immune pathways). However, two sex-specific male modules were identified, and these may contribute to sexual dimorphism. To compare with the network analysis, differentially expressed transcripts were identified between the sexes, revealing a total of 16% of expressed transcripts as sex-biased. For both sexes, there was no overrepresentation of sex-biased genes or sex-specific modules on the putative sex chromosome. Sex-biased transcripts were also not overrepresented in sex-specific modules, and in fact highly male-biased transcripts were enriched in preserved modules. Comparative network analysis and differential expression analyses identified different aspects of sex differences in gene expression, and both provided new insights on the genes underlying sexual dimorphism in the salmonid Brook Charr.
Galios sąvoka Bourdieu, Foucault ir Baudrillardo teorijose
Authors: Gečienė Ingrida 
Published: January 2019

The concept of “power” seems to be one of the basic and most attractive but also one of the most difficult to define in contemporary sociology. In this essay it will be concentrated on quite distinct from traditional perspective notion of power, presented by the theories of Bourdieu’s, Foucault’s and Baudrillard’s, what will give possibility also to follow the emergence of post-modern discourse on power. There are a number of distinctive (or even contradictory) perspectives of power, mostly rooted in the Weber’s and/or Marx’s theories. Among these new theories it is possible to indicate one more radical critique, which puts accent on the more or less invisible (indirect and symbolic) character of power, and thus unites such different theories as Bourdieu’s, Foucault’s and Baudrillard’s.
The main incitement for this approach was the need to look at power from perspective different than the juridical-political theory of sovereign power and an analysis of the state and to consider the material techniques of power that are not compatible with relations of sovereignty. Thus here the main question emerges: how does a social system in which a substantial section of the population is obviously disadvantaged and exploited survive without its rulers having to depend on physical coercion for the maintenance of order?
Identiteto tyrimo metmenys: kartų identiteto paieška XX a. lietuvių autobiografijose
Authors: Kraniauskienė Sigita 
Published: January 2019

Any empirical research of identity confronts a serious methodological issue. If social scientists categorise different human settings in society with assignment of certain social features as a base of collective identity, is it appropriate to talk about a certain identity as a really existing phenomenon at all? Our attempts to answer this question are based on the examination of specific character of a qualitative research of cohort generation identities in the XX century’s Lithuania. The article discuses a general meaning of identity concept and its connections with autobiographical narrative, defines concepts of collective and individual identity, theorises the process of social identity construction within social group and in the cases of social category, analyses dimensions of nominal and real identity.
Discussion of social identity construction is based on the idea of Anselm Strauss that life story narratives involve both personal and collective / social history. Biographical processes refer not only to individual but also to collectivities. Individual experiences are very often shaped by similar events. Similar experiences are treated as a symbolic universe, in the words of P. Berger and Th. Luckmann. It is a realm of common values advanced and shared due socialization. This universe in biographies is expressed through individual perception and narration or, according to A. Strauss, through symbolic representations. Those representations are experiential perceptions of certain structural social and historical circumstances. Such premise allows us to treat autobiography as narrative, where individual representations of identity intermingle with a general structure of social identity through merge of personal feelings, common historical experience, and shared worldview. The common experiences consolidate humans into social units called cohort generations. Mentioned theoretical assumptions give us a good reason to search for a common identity of cohort generations in the individual biographies.
Consequently, scientifically exploring identity of cohort generations, social scientists have to comprehend and focus on social categories and practices, which are empirically represented by the authors in autobiographies. It means that such point of view acknowledges a real appearance of identity and gives a nominal dimension to it.
Lietuvos gyventojų kultūriniai poreikiai: kultūros įstaigų vertinimas ir lankymas
Authors: Kublickienė Lilija 
Published: January 2019

The article is devoted to the problems of cultural sociology. Methodological premises and actual directions of sociological research on culture are discussed. The importance and practical advantage of investigation of cultural needs of inhabitants is stressed. The aim of the paper – to describe actual cultural needs of Lithuanian inhabitants presenting repre sentative and statistically reliable data on their at tendance and evaluation of varies cultural institutions.
According to the data obtained the most positive ratings and highest attendance is given to such cultural institutions or events as festivals/fairs and concerts. It was ascertained that the necessity of some cultural institutions is not directly related with their attendance. The interdependence between cultural needs and age, education level and living location of respondents is analysed.
Moters mokslininkės įvaizdis Lietuvos moksleivių akimis
Authors: Urbonienė Aistė 
Published: January 2019

Sector of technological and physical sciences is exceptionally male professional area and it is rather difficult for women to become professionals in this field. Professional gender stereotypes is one of the main reasons that impact attitudes towards women in this male area. This paper aims to identify images of female scientist in the field of technological and physical sciences among Lithuanian teenagers. The sample consisted of 1398 respondents (58 % females and 42 % males). Qualitative content analysis was used in this study.
The study showed that four images of the female scientist are dominating among teenagers: attractive and competent scientist, unattractive scientist, sexually looking scientist and neutrally looking scientist. The results of the empirical analysis indicated that stereotypical evaluations and even discriminating attitudes are more characteristic for the male respondents while female respondents use to evaluate the female scientist neutrally or even idealized.
Kondratjevo bangos ir kapitalizmo tipai
Authors: Norkus Zenonas 
Published: January 2019

The paper presents new evolutionary typology of capitalism in outline. This typology is grounded in the Marxist conception of the mode of production that considers as distinguishing features of a mode of production the character of the production forces and that of the property relations for means of production. However, the thesis of K. Marx is rejected that capitalist relation of production are no more adeaquate to production forces. Instead, the view is substantiated that the development of the production forces causes the replacement of one capitalist mode of production by another capitalist mode of production. In the analysis of the development of production forces under capitalism, the ideas of Nikolai Kondratieff and Joseph A. Schumpeter on long business cycles are used. In the development of the production forces since industrial revolution in the late XVIII century, 5 technological economical paradigms are distinguished. Each of them is foundation of a separate capitalist mode of production. 5 capitalist modes of production corresponding to the 5 long Kondratieff waves are main evolutionary types of capitalism. They are (1) local capitalism of individual and family enterprise owners; (2) local capitalism of small and middle closed joint stock companies (corporations); (3) national capitalism of big private corporations; (4) state regulated national capitalism of poblic corporations; (5) globalized transnational capitalism of investition funds. These
types can be differentiated into subtypes, like liberal market and coordinated capitalism for type (4). This typology is most adequate for the analysis of the economic life in the advanced countries. In the analysis of the social economic reality from the periphery and semiperiphery of the contemporary world capitalist system, the types of political oligarchic, state and state monopolist capitalism are more useful.