bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma progesterone profiles in ewes using different injectable progesterone formulations
Authors: Santos Vanessa Costa , Santos Juliana Dantas Rodrigues , Balaro Mário Felipe Alvarez , Pinto Pedro Henrique Nicolau , Ramalho Nadiala Porto , Cunha Caio Cezar de Carvalho , da Silva Sandra Ribeiro , Menchaca Alejo , Ungerfeld Rodolfo , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi 
Published: November 2024

Context The use of progesterone vaginal implants in sheep is frequently associated with vaginitis and adherences; and can hamper fertility in estrus synchronization programs. Aims The aim of this study was to characterize the plasma hormone profile induced by two injectable progesterone (iP4) formulations in ewes. Methods In Experiment 1, ewes received 20 or 40 mg of an iP4, with a third group as a control. In Experiment 2, 75 or 150 mg of a long-acting iP4 were administered, again with a control group. Key results In Experiment 1, progesterone concentrations remained at luteal levels for less than 24 h. The intervals from iP4 treatment to the onset of estrus and ovulation were greater in treated than in control ewes (P < 0.01). The proportion of ewes that ovulated within 8 days after treatment was lower in ewes that received 40 mg iP4 than in control ewes (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, mean progesterone concentrations remained at luteal levels for 120 h. The interval from iP4 administration to estrus was longer in 150 mg treated ewes than in control ewes (P < 0.01). The interval from treatment to ovulation was longer in ewes treated with 150 mg than 75 mg and control ewes (P < 0.05). The proportion of ewes that ovulated was lower at 150 mg (P < 0.05). Conclusions The iP4 formula used in Experiment 1 could not maintain luteal levels for more than 24 h. The use of long-acting iP4 maintained plasma progesterone concentrations above luteal levels for at least 5 days. The long-acting treatment can therefore be tested for estrous synchronization treatments. Implications The long-acting progesterone may be an alternative to short estrous synchronization protocols.
The impact of irrigation duration on crop N uptake, lint yield and internal NUE in cotton using standard urea
Authors: Smith John , Fukai Shu , Bell Michael 
Published: November 2024

Context This is the first research to investigate the impact of irrigation duration on crop productivity and nitrogen (N) performance indicators in southern New South Wales (SNSW), Australia, as the industry strives for improved N productivity. Aim To benchmark the impact of different irrigation durations on waterlogging and related impacts on available soil and fertiliser N, cotton productivity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Methods Two field experiments were conducted in SNSW where cotton was grown with varying rates of fertiliser N application interacting with different durations of furrow irrigation applications during the period from first flower to crop maturity. Key results Waterlogged conditions occurred within the top 20 cm of the soil profile during irrigations. These conditions coincided with fertiliser placement and high concentrations of available mineral N, which created conditions conducive for N loss. However, the internal NUE (kg lint kg crop N uptake−1) and N balance were not impacted by irrigation duration in either experiment, despite differences in duration of waterlogged conditions that averaged 15 h irrigation−1. Partial N budgets suggested that 48% of the available N to the crop could not be found in the plant or soil mineral N pools after harvest. Conclusion Modification of the duration of irrigation applications was not an effective management option to improve NUE in irrigated cotton; however, it improved water productivity (bales per megalitre). Implications Further research is required to consider the implications of other irrigation systems such as overhead sprinkler and drip systems for improvement of NUE.
Conversion of 30 W laser light at 1064 nm to 20 W at 2128 nm and comparison of relative power noise
Authors: Gurs Julian , Bode Nina , Darsow-Fromm Christian , Vahlbruch Henning , Gewecke Pascal , Steinlechner Sebastian , Willke Benno , Schnabel Roman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
All current gravitational wave (GW) observatories operate with Nd:YAG lasers with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The sensitivity of future GW observatories could benefit significantly from changing the laser wavelength to approximately 2 µm combined with exchanging the current room temperature test mass mirrors with cryogenically cooled crystalline silicon test masses with mirror coatings from amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon nitride layers. Laser light of the order of ten watts with a low relative power noise (RPN) would be required. Here we use a laboratory-built degenerate optical parametric oscillator to convert the light from a high-power Nd:YAG laser to 2128 nm. With an input power of 30 W, we achieve an output power of 20 W, which corresponds to an external conversion efficiency of approximately 67%. We find that the RPN spectrum marginally increases during the wavelength conversion process. Our result is an important step in the development of low-noise light around 2 µm based on existing low-noise Nd:YAG lasers.
Some educational uses of EDXRF for technologists in health science
Authors: Pilakouta M , Trapali M , Kallithrakas-Kontos N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Physicists teach physics to students of various academic disciplines such as physics, chemistry, health sciences, biology, geology, environmental sciences, etc. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) is a case of application of atomic physics in the real world. Students, through applications of EDXRF, may find out how the basic concepts of atomic physics can be used for elemental analysis of samples of their scientific interest and everyday life. This paper presents some educational implementations of EDXRF and highlights the importance of incorporating this spectroscopic method in undergraduate or postgraduate labs or lectures in the field of health sciences. Five experimental activities, a general one for understanding x-ray spectra and the others for the analysis of substances/materials related to chemistry/toxicology, dentistry, optics, and cosmetics, are presented and discussed.
Contrastive learning-enabled digital twin framework for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing
Authors: Zhang Yongchao , Zhou Xin , Gao Cheng , Lin Jiadai , Ren Zhaohui , Feng Ke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rolling bearings are essential components in various industrial machines, and their failures can lead to significant downtime and maintenance costs. Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods often require extensive fault datasets for training, which may not always be available in critical industrial scenarios, limiting their practicality. Digital twins, virtual representations of physical entities reflecting their operational conditions, offer a promising solution for the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings with limited fault data. In this paper, we propose a novel digital twin-driven framework to address the challenge of limited training data in rolling bearing fault diagnosis. Firstly, a virtual bearing simulation model is used to generate the simulated data. Subsequently, a transformer-based network is introduced to learn the discrepancy features from the raw data. Then, a maximum mean discrepancy loss and a supervised contrastive learning loss for raw and augmentation data are established to achieve global domain alignment and instance-based domain alignment. Finally, an unsupervised contrastive learning loss for the augmentation data of the target domain is established to further improve the diagnostic performance. In five cross-domain fault diagnosis tasks representing real industrial scenarios set, the average diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method is 84.39%, which is more than 10% higher than the two existing advanced domain adaptation methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high diagnostic performance in real industrial scenarios where labeled data is lacking. This shows its significant benefits for monitoring the condition of critical bearings.
Losengram: an effective demodulation frequency band selection method for rolling bearing fault diagnosis under complex interferences
Authors: Zheng Feng , Wang Yanxue , Chen Zhigang , Chen Yang , Wang Yiyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Resonance demodulation is one of the most effective methods for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. However, the selection of the proper demodulation frequency band (DFB) has always been considered as a substantial challenge. Although many popular DFB selection methods have been developed, such as fast Kurtogram (FK), Protrugram, and Autogram, they would suffer unsatisfactory performance degradation when encountering random impulsive noise or cyclostationary noise. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel DFB selection method called Losengram to address this problem. In the proposed method, a robust sub-band indicator, localized square envelope spectrum kurtosis, is designed to evaluate the fault information in a sub-band. With this indicator, the interferences of random impulsive noise and cyclostationary noise could be suppressed well. Besides, in order to circumvent the various adverse effects incurred by the utilization of a multi-rate finite impulse response filter bank, a frequency-domain sub-band filtering strategy is presented to filter the divided sub-bands in a 1/3-binary tree structure. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on both simulated and experimental signals, and the results show that it has a superior performance than the FK, Protrugram, as well as Autogram.
Interhemispheric asynchrony of NREM EEG at the beginning and end of sleep describes evening vigilance performance in patients undergoing diagnostic polysomnography
Authors: McCloy Karen , Duce Brett , Dissanayaka Nadeeka , Hukins Craig , Abeyratne Udantha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with deficits in vigilance. This work explored the temporal patterns of OSA-related events during sleep and vigilance levels measured by the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) in patients undergoing polysomnography (PSG) for suspected OSA. Approach. The PVT was conducted prior to in-laboratory PSG for 80 patients suspected of having OSA. Three groups were formed based on PVT-RT-outcomes and participants were randomly allocated into Training (n = 55) and Test (n = 25) samples. Sleep epochs of non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) electroencephalographic (EEG) asynchrony data, and REM and NREM data for respiratory, arousal, limb movement and desaturation events were analysed. The data were segmented by sleep stage, by sleep blocks (SB) of stable Stage N2, Stage N3, mixed-stage NREM sleep (NXL), and, by Time of Night (TN) across sleep. Models associating this data with PVT groups were developed and tested. Main Results.
A model using NREM EEG asynchrony data segmented by SB and TN achieved 81.9% accuracy in the Test Cohort. Models based on interhemispheric asynchrony SB data and OSA data segmented by TN achieved 80.6% and 79.5% respectively. Significance. Novel data segmentation methods via blocks of NXL and TN have improved our understanding of the relationship between sleep, OSA and vigilance.
Improving flexible actuating behaviors of gel-based artificial muscles through chamomile polysaccharide crosslinking
Authors: Yang Junjie , Yu Tao , Yao Jintong , Wei Kang , Fang Mingjian , Jiang Zhen , Sha Tong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The flexible actuating behaviors of gel-based artificial muscles (GBAMs) are contingent upon the properties of their hydrogel actuating membranes. While the current preparation system for these membranes is deemed flawless, the electromechanical characteristics are constrained by the inherent properties of the material. The majority of raw materials used in this process are chemically synthesized; however, Chinese herbal polysaccharides offer a convenient, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic alternative, making them a prime candidate for actuating membrane preparation. The biological activities of chamomile polysaccharide (CP) include anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, sugar-lowering, and OH− clearance properties. Therefore, the actuating membrane of GBAM was prepared by crosslinking sodium alginate (SA) with CP. The findings indicated that at a crosslinking ratio of 4:5 for CP-SA, the electrically actuated force density and response speed reached 20.12 mN g−1 and 0.09 mN (g·s)−1, respectively. Additionally, the working life extended to 781 s, tremor frequency decreased by 47.67%, and tremor amplitude was 19.55% of the control group. The elastic modulus was measured at 15.44 MPa, specific capacitance reached 183.99 mF g−1, and internal resistance decreased by 13.44%. Charge and discharge time was 5.73 s, maximum energy reached 2.7 J, and specific energy was 12.66 A·J g−1, representing increases of 2.3 s, 64.63%, and 6.47 A·J g−1 compared to the control group. The deflection displacement of 6.62 mm in the CP-SA group at a crosslinking ratio of 4:5 was found to be 3.06 times greater than that of the control group. In conclusion, the actuating membrane of GBAM, synthesized through the cross-linking of CP with SA at a specific ratio, demonstrated superior properties. This innovation offers a novel perspective and direction for the advancement of GBAMs and is anticipated to significantly contribute to future developments in related fields.
Detection of hidden drawings using multi-wavelength dynamic speckle, tuneable algorithms, and unsupervised learning
Authors: Buffarini Leandro , Grumel E E , Tebaldi Myrian C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We implemented an experiment to reveal hidden drawings on papyrus, utilizing an optical technique based on the speckle phenomenon. The goal is to optimize the detection of hidden objects. Our approach proposes using multiple wavelengths for illumination and tuneable algorithms to process the dynamic speckle images. By implementing the suggested method, we generated various results with varying quality, contingent upon the tuneable algorithm parameters. It is feasible to identify the optimal parameter combination to achieve the most effective visualization of the recovered image. To streamline the selection of tuneable algorithms and mitigate reliance on subjective visual judgment, we employed unsupervised machine learning techniques to determine the conditions necessary to achieve optimal results. This approach simplifies the selection procedure and offers an objective and non-invasive method. Furthermore, the proposed procedure holds promise for extending its application to uncover hidden paintings, subsurface archaeological artefacts, and other dynamic speckle experiments.
Synergistic effect of CdS/GO nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical performance in symmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Ferdous Tabassum , Sajjad Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Yaqoob , Ullah Inam , Firdous Samreena , Khan Muhammad Shahid , Ullah Nasim , Zaman Abid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metal sulfides and graphene oxide nanocomposites have recently has garnered considerable attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices. In this study, we synthesized a cadmium sulfide/graphene oxide (CdS/GO) nanocomposite using different contents of graphene oxide (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 g) with fixed concentartion of CdS (0.3 g) via Solid-State Reaction (SSR) method. CdS/GO composite were subsequently investigated to be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Notably, the optimized electrode CdS/GO-0.04 electrode demonstrated superior capacitive performance compare to individual CdS and their composites with GO. In a symmetric supercapacitor configuration, the CdS/GO-0.04 cathode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 211.5 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1.5 A g−1 and maintained 93% of its capacitance after 1,000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1, indicating excellent cycling stability. The significantly improved capacitive performance of CdS/GO-0.04 can be primarily attributed to the synergistic interaction between CdS and GO particles, enhanced conductivity, and the relatively larger surface area of the composites. These findings suggest that CdS/GO nanocomposites hold great promise as electrode materials for high-performance energy storage applications.
Coupling coordination mechanism between ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the issue of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, this study deeply discusses the influencing factors of the coupling and coordination level between the two systems by calculating the ecological environment protection and high-quality development, as well as the ecological protection evaluation index system, and using spatial econometric models. The results showed that the average value of the comprehensive evaluation index for ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin grew from 0.253 to 0.351 (2014–2023), and the overall coupling coordination degree was in the range of 0.496 to 0.582. This indicated that the country’s emphasis on protecting the Yellow River ecosystem and the implementation of its policies had achieved significant results, and the overall environmental condition of the system had been significantly improved. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation index for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin also showed a fluctuating upward tendency, indicating the mutual connection between economic development and ecological environment protection. Tests had shown that the use of oil and water resources had a negative impact on the system degree of coupling and coordination, while other factors had a positive impact. This study provides useful references for environmental protection and sustainable development, and provides guidance for policymakers to achieve ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.
Quantifying risk of a noise-induced AMOC collapse from northern and tropical Atlantic Ocean variability
Authors: Chapman R R , Ashwin P , Baker J , Wood R A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) exerts a major influence on global climate. There is much debate about whether the current strong AMOC may collapse as a result of anthropogenic forcing and/or internal variability. Increasing the noise in simple salt-advection models can change the apparent AMOC tipping threshold. However, it’s not clear if ‘present-day’ variability is strong enough to induce a collapse. Here, we investigate how internal variability affects the likelihood of AMOC collapse. We examine the internal variability of basin-scale salinities and temperatures in four CMIP6 pre-industrial simulations. We fit this to an empirical, process-based AMOC box model, and find that noise-induced AMOC collapse (defined as a decade in which the mean AMOC strength falls below 5 Sv) is unlikely, however, if the AMOC is pushed closer to a bifurcation point due to external climate forcing, noise-induced tipping becomes more likely. Surprisingly, we find a case where forcing temporarily overshoots a stability threshold but noise decreases the probability of collapse. Accurately modelling internal decadal variability is essential for understanding the increased uncertainty in AMOC projections.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates: flexural strengthening method for prestressed concrete beams with anchorage loss
Authors: Gebre Abrham , Gedu Maraki , Gebre Yisihak 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Post-tensioning (PT), a method of pre-stressing, involves the use of high-strength steel strands/tendons to reinforce concrete or other materials. On the contrary, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are lightweight, high-strength materials with used to strengthen concrete structures by adhering the polymer to the concrete element. Challenges with post-tensioned elements include reverse curvature of the PT strands, tendon misplacement, and frequent damage in the anchorage and dead-end zones. These difficulties frequently cause bulging of the surrounding concrete, even at lower stress levels, and can lead to concrete bursting when tension exceeds certain threshold. This study investigates into the potential of CFRP strengthening technique to improve the flexural capacity of post-tensioned concrete beams with anchorage loss. Through an experimental program, the study compares the performance of control beams to those reinforced with different layers of CFRP. The results of this study demonstrated that there was a significant increase in flexural capacity, ranging from 45.31% to 78.62% for single layers and 87.17% to 153% for double layers of CFRP sheet. Additionally, the research examines how different levels of prestressing and CFRP wraps influence crack formation and delamination patterns of carbon fiber, with promising results. It was also noted that optimal usage of CFRP fibers and tendons is found to be critical. The study suggests exploring alternative fiber types and orientations for future study.
Profit enhancement and imbalance cost reduction with solar PV-fuel cell-EV hybrid system in a wind-integrated day-ahead power market
Authors: Ravi Kumar Allu Venkata , Naresh Babu A V , Sivanagaraju S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Renewable sources’ volatility and dynamic nature lend several challenges in ensuring power system safety and steadiness. It is crucial to properly evaluate the potential system hazards that may arise in different power system conditions. In a wind-integrated deregulated electricity network, the wind farm (WF) must intimate the power-generating capacity bids to the market controller at least one day before it begins operations. The wind farm’s bid submissions are based on the estimated wind speed (EWS); nevertheless, slight differences between the real wind speed (RWS) and the EWS will result in penalties or incentives imposed by the Independent System Operator (ISO). This occurrence is known as the power market imbalance cost, and it has a direct influence on the system’s profitability. To mitigate this effect, solar PV and fuel cell storage technologies are used with the wind farm to enhance system profit by offsetting the negative effects of the imbalance cost. Here, solar PV and fuel cells are used to function in the required time i.e. operate in the charging mode when the RWS is greater than the EWS and in discharging mode when the EWS is greater than the RWS to balance the power supply in the grid as to fulfill the power bidding conditions. Furthermore, the study focuses on minimizing potential system risks, which have been assessed using several risk assessment tools such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Cumulative Value-at-Risk (CVaR). The work was conducted using an IEEE 14 bus test system. Initially, the solar PV-fuel cell system supplies power to meet local needs, and the remaining energy is sent to the grid to maximize the system’s profit. Electric vehicles (EVs) have also been incorporated to maximize the system economy in more quantities and to reduce the system risk further as compared to the solar PV-fuel cell operation. Three different optimization methods, i.e. AGTO (Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer Algorithm), ABC (Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm), and SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming), were used in a comparative analysis to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The use of AGTO in risk assessment and reduction is a major focus of this study.