bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic and DFT studies of photoactivatable Mn(I) tricarbonyl complexes
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. , Ragab Mona S. 
Published: April 2019

A combined experimental study and density functional theory calculations of fac‐[MnBr (CO)3L] complexes (L = 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)benzimidazole ligand, furnished with either morpholine (Lmorph) or phthalimido (Lphth) side‐chain) were performed using different spectral and analytical tools. The synthesized complexes released carbon monoxide upon the exposure to LED source light at 468 nm. Illumination of fac‐[MnBr (CO)3L] (10 μM) in the myoglobin solution (Mb) produced about 25 μM MbCO. The plateau of the CO release process is attained within 25 min. With the aid of time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, the observed lowest energy absorption transition at ~ 400 nm has a ground‐state composed of d (Mn)/π (pyridyl) and excited‐state of ligand π*‐orbitals forming MLCT/π‐π*. Natural population analyses of fac‐[MnBr (CO)3L] were carried out to get information about the strength of Mn–CO bonds, electronic arrangment and natural charge of manganese ion.
Simultaneous production of industrially important alkaline xylanase‐pectinase enzymes by a bacterium at low cost under solid‐state fermentation conditions
Authors: Kaur Amanjot , Varghese Libin Mathew , Mahajan Ritu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSimultaneous production of alkaline xylanase and all seven types of pectinases by a bacterial isolate, under solid‐state fermentation was checked in this study. Under optimized conditions, high concurrent production of xylanase (22,800 ± 578 IU/g substrate) and pectinase (4,832 ± 189 IU/g substrate) was achieved. The different types of pectinases produced were exo‐polymethylgalacturonase (782 IU/g), endo‐polymethylgalacturonase (6.42 U/g), exo‐polygalacturonase (2,250 IU/g), endo‐polygalacturonase (11.57 U/g), polymethylgalacturonate lyase (53.99 IU/g), polygalacturonate lyase (59.78 IU/g), and pectin esterase (5.78 IU/g). Wheat bran resulted in the highest titer of both enzymes. The maximum xylanase‐pectinase yield was detected after 7 days of incubation with 2 mM MgSO4 and 1.5 g/L K2HPO4 at wheat bran to moisture ratio 1:1.5 (w/v), media to flask volume ratio 1:25, pH 7.0, temperature 37 °C, and inoculum size 15%. Xylanase was most stable at pH 8.0, retained more than 75% activity up to 24 H, whereas pectinase was most stable at pH 9.0, having full activity even after 24 H. At 45 °C, the xylanase showed 82% residual activity after 6 H of incubation. The pectinase was 97% and 61% stable up to 3 H at 50 and 55 °C, respectively. This is the first report showing the production of xylanase‐pectinases by bacterium along with high titer of seven types of pectinases, suitable for industries.
Stabilizing p‐Dithiobenzyl Urethane Linkers without Rate‐Limiting Self‐Immolation for Traceless Drug Release
Authors: Zheng Yiwu , Shen Yang , Meng Xiaoting , Wu Yaqi , Zhao Yibing , Wu Chuanliu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExploiting the redox sensitivity of disulfide bonds is a prevalent strategy in targeted prodrug designs. In contrast to aliphatic disulfides, p‐thiobenzyl‐based disulfides have rarely been used for prodrug designs, given their intrinsic instability caused by the low pKa of aromatic thiols. Here, we examined the interplay between steric hindrance and the low‐pKa effect on thiol–disulfide exchange reactions and uncovered a new thiol–disulfide exchange process for the self‐immolation of p‐thiobenzyl‐based disulfides. We observed a central leaving group shifting effect in the α,α‐dimethyl‐substituted p‐dithiobenzyl urethane linkers (DMTB linkers), which leads to increased disulfide stability by more than two orders of magnitude, an extent that is significantly greater than that observed with typical aliphatic disulfides. In particular, the DMTB linkers display not only high stability, but also rapid self‐immolation kinetics due to the low pKa of the aromatic thiol, which can be used as a general and robust linkage between targeting reagents and cytotoxic drugs for targeted prodrug designs. The unique and promising stability characteristics of the present DMTB linker will likely inspire the development of novel targeted prodrugs to achieve traceless release of drugs into cells.
Soluble Cello‐Oligosaccharides Produced by Carbon‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cellulose
Authors: Chen Pengru , Shrotri Abhijit , Fukuoka Atsushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCello‐oligosaccharides are biologically important molecules that can elicit a defensive immune response in plants and improve the health of animals. Cellulose, a polymer of glucose linked by β‐1,4‐glycosidic bonds, is an ideal feedstock for synthesis of cello‐oligosaccharides. However, cello‐oligosaccharides rapidly degrade under the conditions used for cellulose hydrolysis. Here, cellulose was hydrolyzed over a carbon catalyst in a semi‐flow reactor to achieve a high yield of cello‐oligosaccharides (72 %). The excellent activity of the oxidized carbon catalyst, the adsorption of cellulose on the catalyst, and the high space velocity of products in the reactor were essential. Moreover, a method for quantification of individual cello‐oligosaccharides was developed, which suggested a reduction in the rate of hydrolysis with a reduction in chain length.
Implementation of the MILAN system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: Interobserver concordance and cytohistological correlation of discordant cases
Authors: Garg Neha , Diwaker Preeti , Pathak Priya , Aggarwal Divya , Arora Vinod K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a pivotal role in evaluating salivary gland (SG) tumors. Several studies have shown diagnostic utility of MILAN system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) by examining risk of malignancy but only an occasional study has focused on interobserver variability. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the agreement among cytopathologists with varying experience in SG cytopathology using MSRSGC and to re‐evaluate discordant cytohistological diagnoses for possible causes of misinterpretation.MethodsAll SG lesions subjected to FNAC over a period of 3½ years were studied. The cases were critically reviewed by 2 pathologists with variable experience in cytopathology using MSRSGC and concordance level among them was calculated. Cytohistological discordant diagnoses were reclassified and possible causes of misinterpretation during routine reporting were evaluated.ResultsOf 150 SG aspirates categorized according to MSRSGC, diagnostic disagreement between 2 pathologists was found in 10. Unweighted Cohen's Kappa score between consultant and resident was 0.812 (high). Among 55 cases with histological correlation, cytohistological discordance was seen in 12. True pitfalls constituted 50% of discordant cases while rest 50% were attributed to practical issues (turnaround time and heavy case load) during routine reporting.ConclusionMSRSGC can be used with good reproducibility between observers with variable cytopathology experience. Heterogeneous nature of SG neoplasm is a known pitfall in FNA diagnosis of SG neoplasms. During routine reporting turnaround time, heavy case load and reporting by cytopathologists with variable experience add on to challenges faced in reporting cytopathology of SG neoplasm.
Polyethylenimine‐assisted Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Syngas Production
Authors: Chung Young‐Hoon , Ha Min Gwan , Na Youngseung , Park Hee‐Young , Kim Hyoung‐Juhn , Henkensmeier Dirk , Yoo Sung Jong , Kim Jin Young , Lee So Young , Lee Seung Woo , Park Hyun S. , Kim Yong‐Tae , Jang Jong Hyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ability to capture, store, and use CO2 is important for remediating greenhouse‐gas emissions and combatting global warming. Herein, Au nanoparticles (Au‐NPs) are synthesized for effective electrochemical CO2 reduction and syngas production, using polyethylenimine (PEI) as a ligand molecule. The PEI‐assisted synthesis provides uniformly sized 3‐nm Au NPs, whereas larger irregularly shaped NPs are formed in the absence of PEI in the synthesis solution. The Au‐NPs synthesized with PEI (PEI−Au/C, average PEI Mw=2000) exhibit improved CO2 reduction activities compared to Au‐NPs formed in the absence of PEI (bare Au NPs/C). PEI−Au/C displays a 34 % higher activity toward CO2 reduction than bare Au NPs/C; for example, PEI−Au/C exhibits a CO partial current density (jCO) of 28.6 mA cm−2 at −1.13 VRHE, while the value for bare Au NPs/C is 21.7 mA cm−2; the enhanced jCO is mainly due to the larger surface area of PEI−Au/C. Furthermore, the PEI−Au/C electrode exhibits stable performance over 64 h, with an hourly current degradation rate of 0.25 %. The developed PEI−Au/C is employed in a CO2‐reduction device coupled with an IrO2 water‐oxidation catalyst and a proton‐conducting perfluorinated membrane to form a PEI−Au/C|Nafion|IrO2 membrane‐electrode assembly. The device using PEI−Au/C as the CO2‐reduction catalyst exhibits a jCO of 4.47 mA/cm2 at 2.0 Vcell. Importantly, the resulted PEI−Au/C is appropriate for efficient syngas production with a CO ratio of around 30–50 %.
Precentral degeneration and cerebellar compensation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A multimodal MRI analysis
Authors: Qiu Ting , Zhang Yuanchao , Tang Xie , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Yue , Zhou Chaoyang , Luo Chunxia , Zhang Jiuquan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and intractable neurodegenerative disease of human motor system characterized by progressive muscular weakness and atrophy. A considerable body of research has demonstrated significant structural and functional abnormalities of the primary motor cortex in patients with ALS. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to the abnormalities of cerebellum in this disease. Using multimodal magnetic resonance imagining data of 60 patients with ALS and 60 healthy controls, we examined changes in gray matter volume (GMV), white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA), and functional connectivity (FC) in patients with ALS. Compared with healthy controls, patients with ALS showed decreased GMV in the left precentral gyrus and increased GMV in bilateral cerebellum, decreased FA in the left corticospinal tract and body of corpus callosum, and decreased FC in multiple brain regions, involving bilateral postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus and cerebellum anterior lobe, among others. Meanwhile, we found significant intermodal correlations among GMV of left precentral gyrus, FA of altered WM tracts, and FC of left precentral gyrus, and that WM microstructural alterations seem to play important roles in mediating the relationship between GMV and FC of the precentral gyrus, as well as the relationship between GMVs of the precentral gyrus and cerebellum. These findings provided evidence for the precentral degeneration and cerebellar compensation in ALS, and the involvement of WM alterations in mediating the relationship between pathologies of the primary motor cortex and cerebellum, which may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ALS.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation for the Rapid Synthesis of Carbocyclic Nitriles
Authors: Fang Xianjie , Yu Peng , Willems Suzanne , Morandi Bill 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report a Ni‐catalyzed cascade annulation reaction that proceeds through two sequential carbometallation steps followed by C−CN reductive elimination. This reaction transforms two simple starting materials into complex, carbocyclic nitriles.
Multicriteria Decision Analysis Applied to Sponge City Construction in China: A Case Study
Authors: Li Nan , Qin Chengxin , Du Pengfei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To address stormwater management, China initiated the construction of sponge cities (SPCs) in 2014. Sponge city construction in China has previously been evaluated using subjective expert methods. Based on China's SPC evaluation regulations, the evaluation criteria system was divided into 6 categories and 22 indicators. This study presents a multicriteria approach to evaluating SPC construction through multicriteria attributes value theory (MAVT). Coupled with the entropy method, this approach can reduce errors caused by individual methods. This work improved the evaluation method from a subjective to an objective method. Additionally, the sensitivity of an alternative to these criteria was conducted. The analysis reveals the inner relationship between the SPC alternative and the criteria. The city of Hebi, an actual SPC project, was selected as a case study. The findings indicate that the proposed approach is efficient and simple. It can help decision makers better understand SPC performance, and it is a pilot SPC evaluation method using relatively objective means. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:703–713. © 2019 SETAC.
Suppression of REDD1 attenuates oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‐evoked ischemic injury in neuron by suppressing mTOR‐mediated excessive autophagy
Authors: Sun Juguang , Yue Fenglei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) typically occurs after mechanical thrombectomy to treat ischemic stroke, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after reperfusion may result in neuronal insult, ultimately leading to disability and death. Regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1) is a conserved stress response protein under various pathogenic conditions. Recent research confirms the controversial role of REDD1 in injury processes. Nevertheless, the role of REDD1 in cerebral I/R remains poorly defined. In the current study, increased expression of REDD1 was observed in neurons exposed to simulated I/R via oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. Knockdown of REDD1 enhanced OGD/R‐inhibited cell viability, but suppressed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in neurons upon OGD/R. Simultaneously, suppression of REDD1 also antagonized OGD/R‐evoked cell apoptosis, Bax expression, and caspase‐3 activity. Intriguingly, REDD1 depression abrogated neuronal oxidative stress under OGD/R condition by suppressing ROS, MDA generation, and increasing antioxidant SOD levels. Further mechanism analysis corroborated the excessive activation of autophagy in neurons upon OGD/R with increased expression of autophagy‐related LC3 and Beclin‐1, but decreased autophagy substrate p62 expression. Notably, REDD1 inhibition reversed OGD/R‐triggered excessive neuronal autophagy. More importantly, depression of REDD1 also elevated the expression of p‐mTOR. Preconditioning with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin engendered not only a reduction in mTOR activation, but also a reactivation of autophagy in REDD1 knockdown‐neurons upon OGD/R. In addition, blocking the mTOR pathway muted the protective roles of REDD1 inhibition against OGD/R‐induced neuron injury and oxidative stress. Together these data suggested that REDD1 may regulate I/R‐induced oxidative stress injury in neurons by mediating mTOR‐autophagy signaling, supporting a promising therapeutic strategy against brain ischemic diseases.
Lysosome activates AKT inducing cancer and metastasis
Authors: Radisavljevic Ziv 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHyperactivated lysosome causes cancer and induces metastasis or cancer relapse. Such activation occurs during excessive, intense, and protracted oxidative burst in the lysosome. The burst induces the formation of the constitutively active (permanently active) AKT locus generating cancer complexity and robustness. Such condition has the tendency to persist by stabilized intense signaling inducing upregulation of cell function and metabolic setup at the higher level. Most intense activator of the lysosome is the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, which activates the AKT, a critical element in lysosome control, inducing cancer development, metastatic progression, or cancer relapse. Targeting the AKT active site of hydrogen network, by redox balance change or hydrogen balance change or muon‐catalyzed fusion or laser‐induced fusion with anti‐
A. fumigatus medication converts active AKT locus into inactive element, inducing disappearance of malignant phenotype.
Hesperidin‐CAMKIV interaction and its impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the human hepatic carcinoma and neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Naz Huma , Tarique Mohd. , Ahamad Shahzaib , Alajmi Mohamed F. , Hussain Afzal , Rehman Md. Tabish , Luqman Suaib , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCalcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) is a key regulatory molecule of cell signaling, and thereby controls its growth and proliferation, including expression of certain genes. The overexpression of CAMKIV is directly associated with the development of different types of cancers. Hesperidin is abundantly found in citrus fruits and exhibits wide range of pharmacological activities including anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancerous effects. We have investigated binding mechanism of hesperidin with the CAMKIV using molecular docking methods followed by fluorescence quenching and isothermal titration calorimetric assays. An appreciable binding affinity of hesperidin was observed with CAMKIV during fluorescence quenching and isothermal titration calorimetric studies. Efficacy of hesperidin to inhibit the growth of human hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) and neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y) cancer cell lines were investigated. Hesperidin has significantly reduced the proliferation of HepG2 and SH‐SY5Y cells and induces apoptosis by activating the caspase‐3‐dependent intrinsic pathway through the upregulation of proapoptotic Bax protein. Hesperidin treatment reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 and SH‐SY5Y cells. All these observations clearly anticipated hesperidin a potent inhibitor of CAMKIV which may be further exploited a newer therapeutic approach for the management of different cancer types.
Survivin modulatory role in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Pahlavan Yasamin , kahroba Houman , Samadi Nasser , Karimi Abbas , Ansarin Khalil , Khabbazi Alireza 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBaculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5) gene encodes the important protein as survivin, a multifunctional protein, which is involved in cellular and molecular networks, progression of cell cycle, homeostasis, developmental morphogenesis, and apoptosis. The proximal BIRC5 promoter possesses specific binding sites for key transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Upregulation of survivin exacerbates the autoimmune diseases (AIDs) including multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis by reducing the activity threshold of survivin‐specific cytotoxic T cells. DNA damage along with upregulation or downregulation of survivin have been demonstrated in initiation and pathogenesis of cancers and AIDs. However, detailed mechanism of survivin function in pathogenesis of AIDs is not well understood. This review focuses on the structure, specificity, regulation, and function of survivin in physiologic conditions and pathogenesis of AIDs.
An ultra‐wideband distributed amplifier MMICs based on 0.15‐um GaAs pHEMT technology
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Lei , Li Lang , Zhan Jie , Xie Yi Fu , Zhan Ming Zhou 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA DC‐30GHz ultra‐wideband distributed amplifier based on the 0.15‐um GaAs process is proposed and characterized. The distributed amplifier has nine power amplifying units with a cascode structure. The measured results show that the amplifier has 16‐dB gain in the frequency range of DC‐30GHz. The output power of 1‐dB compression point is 19 dBm at 10 GHz, and the saturated output power is 25 dBm. The chip size is 3× 1.2 mm.
Global marketplace strategy and choice of interaction after termination of international joint venture
Authors: Parameswar Nakul , Dhir Sanjay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractForeign partner's global marketplace strategy significantly influences the choice of interaction after international joint venture (IJV) termination as supplier–buyer, complement, or competitor between terminated IJV partners. The domestic partner in IJV enables foreign firms to pursue its global marketplace strategy—transnational, multidomestic, global, or international. On IJV termination, foreign partner's perceived value creation from IJV shall be rendered void and is required to either look for a new domestic firm to collaborate or form an interaction after IJV termination with IJV's domestic partner. This study examines the role of foreign firm's global marketplace strategy on the choice of interaction after IJV termination as supplier–buyer, complement, or competitor using data on terminated two partner IJV headquartered in India.
Analysis of recurrence after the resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Chouliaras Konstantinos , Newman Naeem A , Shukla Mrinal , Swett Katrina R , Levine Edward A , Sham Jonathan , Mann Gary N , Shen Perry 
Published: April 2019

Background and ObjectivesOutcomes after recurrence of resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are not well described. We aim to assess the rate and sites of recurrence, and its effect on clinical outcomes.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients (n = 83) who underwent surgical resection of PNETs at 2 institutions. Patients were treated from September 2002 to July 2010.ResultsThere were 13 (16%) recurrences. The most common site of recurrence was the liver (9 patients, 9.6%). The most common treatment of recurrences was chemotherapy (5 patients, 36%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year disease‐free survival was 90.9%, 82.7%, and 72.5%, respectively. Median recurrence‐free survival was 127 months. The median follow‐up for all PNET patients was 25.8 months (range, 1‐140 months). The 3‐year survival was 97%. The median follow‐up of patients after the diagnosis of a recurrence was 13.8 months. The overall survival for those with and without recurrence was 96.3% and 100%, respectively (P = .36). The age (
P = .002) and lymph node ratio (
P < .001) were predictors of recurrence on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAge and lymph node ratio are significant predictors of recurrence after the resection of PNETs with hepatic metastases being the most common. Survival of patients with recurrence is not significantly different from patients without recurrence.
Ballpoint connector‐protected salt‐oil‐salt liquid phase microextraction for concentration and enrichment of trace anthraquinone compounds in rhubarb
Authors: Chen Xuan , Li Zhuo‐yi , Ge Xin , Hu Shuang , Wang Run‐qin , Yang Li , Yu Zhi‐hui , Bai Xiao‐hong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study proposed a new ballpoint connector‐protected salt‐oil‐salt liquid phase microextraction for extraction and enrichment of trace rhein and chrysophanol in rhubarb prior to determination of the analytes by high performance liquid chromatography. In this study, a handy ballpoint connector (between ballpoint tip and ink chamber) was used as extraction device, in which its cavity was filled with n‐octanol, and the bare n‐octanol in its two opening ends was covered with a thin layer of sodium chloride film. The design subtly assembled salt film onto ballpoint connector for extraction and enrichment, which greatly improved the enrichment factors of the target analytes. Moreover, the novel procedure and its extraction mechanism were described and analyzed, and several crucial parameters reflecting the extraction effect were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, high enrichment factors (247 and 127), good linearities with r ≥ 0.9998, limits of detection (0.6–1.1 ng/mL), relative standard deviations of intra‐ and interday (2.2–8.8% and 4.3–8.9%), and average recoveries (97.6–98.1%), were obtained, respectively. The proposed method can not only eliminate the negative effects from viscosity and ion strength at high salt concentration of sample phase, but also make salting‐out effect be focused on small area so as to maximize the extraction effect.