bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated carbon spheres (ACS)@SnO2@NiO with a 3D nanospherical structure and its synergistic effect with AHP on improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Hao , Wu Weihong , He Shaorui , Song Qingyi , Li Weihao , Zhang Jingyi , Qu Hongqiang , Xu Jianzhong 
Published: January 2019

A novel activated carbon spheres (ACS)@SnO2@NiO hierarchical hybrid architecture was first synthesized and applied for enhancing the flame retardancy of epoxy (EP) resin via a cooperative effect. Herein, using activated carbon microspheres as the template, SnO2 and NiO nanospheres were successively anchored to it by a sedimentation‐calcination strategy. The well‐designed ACS@SnO2@NiO significantly enhanced the flame retardancy for consistency of EP composites, as demonstrated by thermogravimetric and cone calorimeter experiments. For instance, the incorporation of 2 wt% ACS@SnO2@NiO decreased by 15.5% maximum in the total smoke production, accompanying the higher graphitized char layer. In addition, the synergetic mechanism of flame retardancy between ACS@SnO2@NiO and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) was investigated. The obtained sample satisfied the UL‐94 V‐0 rating with a 5.0 wt% addition of AHP and ACS@SnO2@NiO (the ratio of the mass fraction of AHP to ACS@SnO2@NiO is 4.5:0.5). Notably, the incorporation of AHP and ACS@SnO2@NiO resulted in a significant decrease in the fire hazard properties of EP resin; for instance, 4.5AHP‐0.5ACS@SnO2@NiO/EP resulted in a maximum decrease of 32.4% in the total smoke production as compared with that of pure EP resin. It should be noted that the improved flame‐retardant performance for the EP composites is primarily attributed to the synergistic effect of ACS@SnO2@NiO and AHP in promoting the formation of residual char in the condensed phase.
Phytotoxic and nematicide evaluation of Croton ehrenbergii (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Rios María Yolanda , León‐Rivera Ismael , Ríos‐Gomez Ramiro , Córdova‐Albores Liliana C , Aguilar‐Guadarrama Angelica Berenice 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWithin its natural habitat, Croton ehrenbergii exhibits an innate defense mechanism that is not seen in other plants; it grows unharmed amidst predators and nature, while other species perish. In light of its capacity for defense, C. ehrenbergii was evaluated to better understand the scope of its phytotoxic and nematicide properties. To assess this, fractions obtained by bipartition of a hydro‐alcoholic extract, and l‐quebrachitol, the main constituent of C. ehrenbergii, were evaluated on Lactuca sativa (dicotyledon) and Lolium perenne (monocotyledon) seeds. Additionally, bipartition fractions and l‐quebrachitol were evaluated on a population of Meloidogyne incognita for their nematicide activity.RESULTSFrom this phytochemical research, l‐quebrachitol (1), phenylalanine (2), trans‐4‐hydroxy‐N‐methylproline (3) and the flavonoids: kaempferol (4), tiliroside (5), nicotiflorine (6) and rutin (7) were identified by spectroscopic analysis. Both methanol and hexane fractions from aerial parts of the plant inhibited the germination and elongation of roots and stems in L. sativa, but not in Lolium perenne, showing that these fractions mostly inhibit the dicotyledon species used in this research. l‐Quebrachitol showed slightly higher seed germination inhibition for Lolium perenne in comparison with L. sativa. Three of the fractions evaluated showed nematicide activity against Meloidogyne incognita larvae (J2) at the 48 h benchmark, compared with carbofuran. l‐Quebrachitol shows higher mortality after 48 h exposure at a lower concentration than carbofuran.CONCLUSIONA variety of compounds were isolated from this research, some were common within the Croton genus (4–7), whereas others were not (1–3). This is the first phytochemical, phytotoxic and nematicide report on C. ehrenbergii. Methanol and hexane fractions from the aerial parts of C. ehrenbergii and l‐quebrachitol could be used as alternative natural herbicides, predominantly against dicotyledon weed seeds. All fractions had a good mortality percentage against J2 Meloidogyne incognita larvae. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Envisioning versus realizing products for use in poor communities: The case of Victor Papanek and Nordic designers
Authors: Skjerven Astrid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn increasing number of people are currently living under poor conditions in enclaves of rapidly growing urban areas. Many of them are of indigenous origin. They are in urgent need of basic equipment to live a healthy and decent life. The products have to be simple, cheap and acceptable to people with different cultural and geographical backgrounds. Methods to realize the design, production and implementation of such appliances are a matter of urgency. Therefore, the ideas of the Austrian‐American designer Victor Papanek (1923–1998) have gained new actuality. During the 1960s and 1970s, Papanek played a significant role in the international design community. His ideal was the less polluting design traditions of indigenous people, made by simple methods with local materials. He had many supporters among design students in Scandinavia and Finland, some of whom tried to adapt their work practices to his ideology. The aim of the paper is to investigate what impact his ideas had on the Nordic design community, and in particular, whether it was followed up by stakeholders and eventually reached the target groups in the third world. Success factors and failures are uncovered and discussed to clarify how the ideas might be utilized in the current situation. This empiric study is based on literary reviews, and of interviews with designers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The investigation shows that Papanek's ideas made a tremendous and lasting impact on designers in the Nordic countries and on some of their work. Still, design and production for indigenous people in developing countries seldom occurred, because of a lack of contact with stakeholders. One of the few exceptions was the foundation of the Norwegian organization, Design without Borders, which was mainly financed by the Government, that is, as a result of political decisions. In conclusion, without contact and cooperation with stakeholders, particularly the political and commercial sector, and users in the local communities on the other hand, it is not possible to realize ideas of this kind in the form of products and their use. The work of Design without Borders constitutes a good example of success, and should be used as a model for further work.
Architecture as a cultural sustainability factor of Macedonian cities: The branding of Bitola
Authors: Hristova Aneta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe current need for policy programmes for Macedonian cities to reach the standard of sustainable and prosperous economic development, and to enable their promotion on the European cultural map, initiated the Architecture as a Cultural Sustainability Factor of the Macedonian Cities project. The project aims to inspect the spatial and physical potential of the Macedonian architectural and bio‐regional heritage in order to create unique and competitive brands, and to develop the overall economic and tourist potential of the Republic of Macedonia. The project encompasses cooperative agreement‐based projects with the Association of the Units of Local Self‐Government of the Republic of Macedonia (ZELS), consisting of 84 municipalities and the capital of Skopje as a particular self‐governed unit. The National Strategy of Sustainable Development, ZELS' strategic plan for 2011–2015 and successive municipality action plans are the basic sources of information for the investigation regarding political, architectural and social aspects, providing legal instruments and collaborative forms between the residents and municipal governments in building up creative class resources for long‐term sustainable development. During the investigation a wide range of methods were employed, including collection of data and examination of archive documents, onsite surveys, mapping and evaluation of the cultural and architectural heritage of Macedonian cities and regions, and interviews and collaborative meetings with municipal and civic representatives. The findings outline the general branding strategy for the Macedonian cities, adjoined with a spectrum of interventions for site‐specific adaptive design concepts aimed to employ their unique physical and cultural identities in order to brand themselves successfully. In this paper, we present our first case study, the Remediation Project for the Quay of the River Dragor, which was completed in 2014 in cooperation with the Municipality of Bitola, and was produced to set the standards and the formula for the success of the city branding. Following the objectives of the Strategic Plan for Local Development of the Bitola Municipality 2009–2014, this project highlights the primacy of environmental protection for sustainable development as the basis of the integrated design strategy that relies on ecological principles. On a political level, it pioneers the grounds on which architecture expands its disciplinary assumptions, goals, institutional, legal and financial tools in the municipal policies of sustainable development.
Fe2VO4 Hierarchical Porous Microparticles Prepared via a Facile Surface Solvation Treatment for High‐Performance Lithium and Sodium Storage
Authors: Luo Yanzhu , Huang Dekang , Liang Chennan , Wang Pei , Han Kang , Wu Buke , Cao Feifei , Mai Liqiang , Chen Hao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPreventing the aggregation of nanosized electrode materials is a key point to fully utilize the advantage of the high capacity. In this work, a facile and low‐cost surface solvation treatment is developed to synthesize Fe2VO4 hierarchical porous microparticles, which efficiently prevents the aggregation of the Fe2VO4 primary nanoparticles. The reaction between alcohol molecules and surface hydroxy groups is confirmed by density functional theory calculations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical mechanism of Fe2VO4 as lithium‐ion battery anode is characterized by in situ X‐ray diffraction for the first time. This electrode material is capable of delivering a high reversible discharge capacity of 799 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 79%, and the capacity retention is 78% after 500 cycles. Moreover, a remarkable reversible discharge capacity of 679 mA h g−1 is achieved at 5 A g−1. Furthermore, when tested as sodium‐ion battery anode, a high reversible capacity of 382 mA h g−1 can be delivered at the current density of 1 A g−1, which still retains at 229 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance makes it a potential anode material for high‐rate and long‐life lithium/sodium‐ion batteries.
Biomimetic Nanosponges Suppress In Vivo Lethality Induced by the Whole Secreted Proteins of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Chen Yijie , Zhang Yue , Chen Mengchun , Zhuang Jia , Fang Ronnie H. , Gao Weiwei , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolymeric nanoparticles coated with membrane of intact red blood cells have emerged as biomimetic toxin nanosponges (RBC‐NS) that absorb and neutralize bacterial virulence factors associated with numerous bacterial infections. Despite its promise, a clear correlation between in vitro neutralization of complex bacterial toxins and in vivo therapeutic efficacy remains elusive. In this study, the whole secreted proteins (wSP) of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are collected to induce lethality in mice. The wSP preserve the complexity of bacterial virulence profile while avoiding the intricacy and dynamics of infections by live bacteria. RBC‐NS are first quantified for their neutralization capacity against the hemolytic activity of MRSA wSP in vitro. Using a mouse model, in vivo studies further demonstrate that, by neutralizing the hemolytic activity, RBC‐NS confer significant survival benefits against wSP‐induced lethality. Furthermore, when mice are challenged with a sublethal dosage of MRSA supernatant, RBC‐NS reduce lung damages and inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa B in the spleen. These results provide a systematic evaluation of RBC‐NS toward the treatment of severe MRSA infections such as MRSA bacteremia and MRSA‐induced sepsis.
U.S. Mothers’ Long-Term Employment Patterns
Authors: Killewald Alexandra , Zhuo Xiaolin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Previous research on maternal employment has disproportionately focused on the immediate postpartum period and typically modeled either cross-sectional employment status or time until a specific employment transition. We instead conceptualize maternal employment as a long-term pattern, extending the observation window and embedding employment statuses in temporal context. Using data from NLSY79 and sequence analysis, we document five common employment patterns of American mothers over the first 18 years of maternity. Three typical patterns revolve around a single employment status: full-time (36 %), part-time (13 %), or nonemployment (21 %); the other two patterns are characterized by 6 (15 %) or 11 (14 %) years of nonemployment, followed by a period of transition and then full-time employment. Analyses of the immediate postpartum period cannot distinguish between the nonemployment and reentry groups, which have different employment experiences and different prematernity characteristics. Next, we describe how mothers’ human capital, attitudes and cultural models, family experiences, and race/ethnicity are associated with the employment patterns they follow, elucidating that these characteristics may be associated not only with how much mothers work but also the patterning of their employment. Our results support studying maternal employment as a long-term pattern and employing research approaches that address the qualitative distinctness of these diverse patterns.
Organizational resilience: a capability-based conceptualization
Authors: Duchek Stephanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn highly volatile and uncertain times, organizations need to develop a resilience capacity which enables them to cope effectively with unexpected events, bounce back from crises, and even foster future success. Although academic interest in organizational resilience has steadily grown in recent years, there is little consensus about what resilience actually means and how it is composed. More knowledge is particularly needed about organizational capabilities that constitute resilience, as well as conditions for their development. This paper aims to make a contribution to this heterogeneous research field by deepening the understanding of the complex and embedded construct of organizational resilience. We conceptualize resilience as a meta-capability and decompose the construct into its individual parts. Inspired by process-based studies, we suggest three successive resilience stages (anticipation, coping, and adaptation) and give an overview of underlying capabilities that together form organizational resilience. Based on this outline, we discuss relationships and interactions of the different resilience stages as well as main antecedents and drivers. We formulate propositions that can act as a foundation for future empirical work.
Big data analytics in sustainability reports: an analysis based on the perceived credibility of corporate published information
Authors: Wanner Jonas , Janiesch Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe credibility of sustainability reports has been the subject of scientific research for several years. The problem is often referred to as the so-called credibility gap, which is based on information asymmetries. The situation is further complicated by the limited rationality of human action as improvements to reports do not necessarily translate into credibility gains. Research has proposed and extracted several methods to overcome the issue. Hitherto, most approaches to solve the problem focused on marketing-oriented approaches. This work takes a new approach and explores the extent to which information technology can increase credibility using the potential of big data analytics. We base our research on the relationship of the quality of information and on the perception of objective truth as postulated in the Habermas Theory of Communicative Action. We use the forecast-oriented Partial Least Squares Methodology for the review of hypotheses extracted from literature and expert surveys. The result confirms potential of the criteria of volume and veracity while velocity and variety do not yield comparable potential concerning sustainability reporting.
The Private Law Critique of International Investment Law
Authors: Arato Julian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis Article argues that investment treaties subtly constrain how nations organize their internal systems of private law, including laws of property, contracts, corporations, and intellectual property. Problematically, the treaties do so on a one-size-fits-all basis, disregarding the wide variation in values reflected in these domestic legal institutions. Investor-state dispute settlement exacerbates this tension, further distorting national private law arrangements. This hidden aspect of the system produces inefficiency, unfairness, and distributional inequities that have eluded the regime's critics and apologists alike.
Online resources for dissemination and implementation science: Meeting demand and lessons learned
Authors: Ford Bryan S. , Rabin Borsika , Morrato Elaine H. , Glasgow Russell E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA dramatically increased interest in dissemination and implementation (D&I) science, with relatively few training programs for D&I scientists, highlights the need for innovative ways to deliver educational materials, training, and resources. We described nine interactive, web-based D&I science resources appropriate for trainees and Clinical and Translational Science Awards. We used audience feedback and design thinking to develop resources iteratively. Primary target users are T3–T4 researchers, although T2 researchers can benefit from “designing for dissemination” resources. Workforce development resources were used in D&I science workshops, as stand-alone, self-directed resources, and for consultations and trainings. We assessed resource design (purpose, functionality), usage, user experience and engagement. Educational resources addressed included: D&I science basics, pragmatic trials, getting proposals funded, designing for dissemination, and D&I science theory selection. We reviewed the purpose, functionality, status, and usage of these interactive resources. All resources engaged users; provided interactive feedback for learners; and linked users to additional learning resources. Online resources can be valuable for preparing clinical and translational mentees for research consultations, as follow-up training activities, and as D&I workforce development resources. The resources described are publicly available and we encourage their use, further development, and evaluation by Clinical and Translational Science Awards and other programs.
EROS’ ATTACK ON ΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ: A NOTE ON SOPHOCLES,ANTIGONE782
Authors: Capettini Emilio 
Published: January 2019

Ἔρως ἀνίκατε μάχαν, 781Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι πίπτεις,ὃς ἐν μαλακαῖς παρειαῖςνεάνιδος ἐννυχεύεις,φοιτᾷς δ’ ὑπερπόντιος ἔν τ’ 785ἀγρονόμοις αὐλαῖς·Love invincible in battle, Love who falls uponktêmata, you who spend the night upon the soft cheeks of a girl, and travel over the sea and through the huts of dwellers in the wild.
Transitions from Unemployment to Education in Europe: The Role of Educational Policies
Authors: HÖGBERG BJÖRN 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate cross-country variability in transition rates from unemployment to further education among young adults, as well as how barriers in educational systems affect these transition rates. Previous research on adult further education has largely neglected the role of policies, and has not taken unemployed people into account.Two dimensions of educational policies are investigated. (1) Barriers facing prospective students with regard to previous academic achievements (e.g. second chance opportunities); and (2) financial barriers (e.g. high costs). It is hypothesized that low barriers are associated with higher transition rates into education, especially for unemployed young adults with lower levels of education.The aim is approached by investigating how differences in transition rates across countries are linked to the design of educational policies. Cross-country standardised individual-level panel data from 29 European countries are taken from EU-SILC. Multilevel multinomial models are fitted.Results show that lower barriers in the education system are associated with higher probabilities that unemployed young adults leave unemployment to re-enter further education, although only partial support is found for the hypothesis that unemployed young adults with lower levels of education gain relatively more from low barriers. Low barriers are sometimes associated with lower transition rates into employment.
A Simple Two-step Geometric Approach for the Kinematic Calibration of the 3-

P

RS Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Chen Genliang , Kong Lingyu , Li Qinchuan , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2019

SummaryKinematic calibration plays an important role in the improvement of positioning accuracy for parallel manipulators. Based on the specific geometric constraints of limbs, this paper presents a new kinematic parameter identification method for the widely studied 3-PRS parallel manipulator. In the proposed calibration method, the planes where the PRS limbs exactly located are identified firstly as the geometric characteristics of the studied parallel manipulator. Then, the limbs can be considered as planar PR mechanisms whose kinematic parameters can be determined conveniently according to the limb planes identified in the first step. The main merit of the proposed calibration method is that the system error model which relates the manipulator’s kinematic errors to the output ones is not required for kinematic parameter identification. Instead, only two simple geometric problems need to be established for identification, which can be solved readily using gradient-based searching algorithms. Hence, another advantage of the proposed method is that parameter identification of the manipulator’s limbs can be accomplished individually without interactive impact on each other. In order to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, calibration experiments are conducted on an apparatus of the studied 3-PRS parallel manipulator. The results show that using the proposed two-step calibration method, the kinematic parameters can be identified quickly by means of gradient searching algorithm (converge within five iterations for both steps). The positioning accuracy of the studied 3-PRS parallel manipulator has been significantly improved by compensation according to the identified parameters. The mean position and orientation errors at the validation configurations have been reduced to 1.56 × 10−4 m and 1.13 × 10−3 rad, respectively. Further, the proposed two-step kinematic calibration method can be extended to other limited-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulators, if proper geometric constraints can be characterized for their kinematic limbs.