bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decentring the ‘places’ of citizens in national curriculum: the Australian history curriculum
Authors: Halbert Kelsey , Salter Peta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is debate internationally about the production of curriculum texts and the epistemologies underpinning the knowledge legitimated in national curricula. National History curricula in particular are a source of contention bounded by calls for coherent and unifying national narratives that are inclusive and reflect the complexity of the discipline and historical consciousness of the nation to which they are bound. This paper uses critical spatial theory to highlight the ‘spaces’ and ‘places’ of the Australian Curriculum History (years 7–10) which organise and disorganise representations of identities in and out of the centre of the national narrative. Interrogating the impact of these representations within purported inclusive and cohesive national narratives draws attention to the notions of belonging presented to Australian citizens. We argue that resistance to normative national narratives and colonial legacies presented with place‐based identities can reinhabit the curriculum. This reinhabiting and decentring seeks to engage History students with alternative perspectives and articulations to the national narrative, and foster meaningful connections to place and citizenship. Finally, critical place‐based education approaches invite an embodied local/global citizen through local and marginalised knowledges.
Income security in Nordic welfare states for men and women who died when aged 55–69 years old
Authors: Elstad Jon Ivar , Hermansen Åsmund , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Martikainen Pekka , Östergren Olof , Tarkiainen Lasse 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncome security when health impairment or other social risks occur is a major objective of welfare states. This comparative study uses register data from four Nordic welfare states for examining equivalized disposable income during the last 12 years alive among men and women who died when aged 55–69 years old. The analysed outcome indicates the aggregate result of a varied set of income maintenance mechanisms. Median income increased in the Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish samples, but decreased somewhat in Denmark, probably due to relatively frequent transitions to retirement and larger income drops after retirement than in the other Nordic countries. Analyses of comparison samples weighted by propensity scores indicated a better income development among those who lived beyond the observation period than among those who died. The higher educated had a more favourable income development during the years prior to death than those with low education.
Green bonds for the Paris agreement and sustainable development goals
Authors: Tolliver Clarence , Keeley Alexander Ryota , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations Development Programme both entail substantial global investments through cost-efficient, long-term financing. Noted for their risk-alleviating features and appeal to institutional and socially responsible investors, green bonds are gaining prominence in climate change and sustainable development finance frameworks. This study is the first to thoroughly examine publicly reported green bond proceeds allocations from 53 organizations to projects and assets throughout 96 countries from 2008 to 2017. Green bond markets are growing rapidly, and yearly proceeds allocation trends reveal increasing disbursements to renewable energy, clean water, low-carbon transportation, and other Paris Agreement and SDG-related investment categories. Circle plot analysis reveals unique allocation trends to specific green sectors at both regional and national levels. International finance institutions allocated the largest share of proceeds by both frequency and volume, and the projects and assets financed with green bonds in this study sample are associated with over 108 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) in greenhouse gas emissions reductions and over 1500 gigawatts in renewable energy capacity. The study concludes with suggestions for improving green bond post-issuance reporting and provides insights for future green bond applications in expanding Paris and SDG agendas.
A case study on the re-establishment of the cyanolichen symbiosis: where do the compatible photobionts come from?
Authors: Cardós J L H , Prieto M , Jylhä M , Aragón G , Molina M C , Martínez I , Rikkinen J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsIn order to re-establish lichen symbiosis, fungal spores must first germinate and then associate with a compatible photobiont. To detect possible establishment limitations in a sexually reproducing cyanolichen species, we studied ascospore germination, photobiont growth and photobiont association patterns in Pectenia plumbea.MethodsGermination tests were made with ascospores from 500 apothecia under different treatments, and photobiont growth was analysed in 192 isolates obtained from 24 thalli. We determined the genotype identity [tRNALeu (UAA) intron] of the Nostoc cyanobionts from 30 P. plumbea thalli from one population. We also sequenced cyanobionts of 41 specimens of other cyanolichen species and 58 Nostoc free-living colonies cultured from the bark substrate.Key ResultsNot a single fungal ascospore germinated and none of the photobiont isolates produced motile hormogonia. Genetic analyses revealed that P. plumbea shares Nostoc genotypes with two other cyanolichen species of the same habitat, but these photobionts were hardly present in the bark substrate.ConclusionsDue to the inability of both symbionts to thrive independently, the establishment of P. plumbea seems to depend on Dendriscocaulon umhausense, the only cyanolichen species in the same habitat that reproduces asexually and acts as a source of appropriate cyanobionts. This provides support to the hypothesis about facilitation among lichens.
What functional genomics has taught us about transcriptional regulation in malaria parasites
Authors: Toenhake Christa G , Bártfai Richárd 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Malaria parasites are characterized by a complex life cycle that is accompanied by dynamic gene expression patterns. The factors and mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these parasites have been searched for even before the advent of next generation sequencing technologies. Functional genomics approaches have substantially boosted this area of research and have yielded significant insights into the interplay between epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, considerable progress has been made in identifying sequence-specific transcription factors and DNA-encoded regulatory elements. Here, we review the insights obtained from these efforts including the characterization of core promoters, the involvement of sequence-specific transcription factors in life cycle progression and the mapping of gene regulatory elements. Furthermore, we discuss recent developments in the field of functional genomics and how they might contribute to further characterization of this complex gene regulatory network.
DNA methylation analysis in plants: review of computational tools and future perspectives
Authors: Omony Jimmy , Nussbaumer Thomas , Gutzat Ruben 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenome-wide DNA methylation studies have quickly expanded due to advances in next-generation sequencing techniques along with a wealth of computational tools to analyze the data. Most of our knowledge about DNA methylation profiles, epigenetic heritability and the function of DNA methylation in plants derives from the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. There are increasingly many studies on DNA methylation in plants—uncovering methylation profiles and explaining variations in different plant tissues. Additionally, DNA methylation comparisons of different plant tissue types and dynamics during development processes are only slowly emerging but are crucial for understanding developmental and regulatory decisions. Translating this knowledge from plant model species to commercial crops could allow the establishment of new varieties with increased stress resilience and improved yield. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly applied bioinformatics tools for the analysis of DNA methylation data (particularly bisulfite sequencing data). The performances of a selection of the tools are analyzed for computational time and agreement in predicted methylated sites for A. thaliana, which has a smaller genome compared to the hexaploid bread wheat. The performance of the tools was benchmarked on five plant genomes. We give examples of applications of DNA methylation data analysis in crops (with a focus on cereals) and an outlook for future developments for DNA methylation status manipulations and data integration.
Conserved Residues Control the T1R3-Specific Allosteric Signaling Pathway of the Mammalian Sweet-Taste Receptor
Authors: Chéron Jean-Baptiste , Soohoo Amanda , Wang Yi , Golebiowski Jérôme , Antonczak Serge , Jiang Peihua , Fiorucci Sébastien 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mammalian sensory systems detect sweet taste through the activation of a single heteromeric T1R2/T1R3 receptor belonging to class C G-protein-coupled receptors. Allosteric ligands are known to interact within the transmembrane domain, yet a complete view of receptor activation remains elusive. By combining site-directed mutagenesis with computational modeling, we investigate the structure and dynamics of the allosteric binding pocket of the T1R3 sweet-taste receptor in its apo form, and in the presence of an allosteric ligand, cyclamate. A novel positively charged residue at the extracellular loop 2 is shown to interact with the ligand. Molecular dynamics simulations capture significant differences in the behavior of a network of conserved residues with and without cyclamate, although they do not directly interact with the allosteric ligand. Structural models show that they adopt alternate conformations, associated with a conformational change in the transmembrane region. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms that these residues are unequivocally involved in the receptor function and the allosteric signaling mechanism of the sweet-taste receptor. Similar to a large portion of the transmembrane domain, they are highly conserved among mammals, suggesting an activation mechanism that is evolutionarily conserved. This work provides a structural basis for describing the dynamics of the receptor, and for the rational design of new sweet-taste modulators.
Active Targeted Surveillance to Identify Sites of Emergence of Hantavirus
Authors: Kim Won-Keun , No Jin Sun , Lee Daesang , Jung Jaehun , Park Hayne , Yi Yongjin , Kim Jeong-Ah , Lee Seung-Ho , Kim Yujin , Park Sunhye , Cho Seungchan , Lee Geum-Young , Song Dong Hyun , Gu Se Hun , Park Kkothanahreum , Kim Heung-Chul , Wiley Michael R , Chain Patrick S G , Jeong Seong Tae , Klein Terry A , Palacios Gustavo , Song Jin-Won 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Endemic outbreaks of hantaviruses pose a critical public health threat worldwide. Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. Using comparative genomic analyses of partial and nearly complete sequences of HTNV from humans and rodents, we were able to localize, with limitations, the putative infection locations for HFRS patients. Partial sequences might not reflect precise phylogenetic positions over the whole-genome sequences; finer granularity of rodent sampling reflects more precisely the circulation of strains.

Methods
Five HFRS specimens were collected. Epidemiological surveys were conducted with the patients during hospitalization. We conducted active surveillance at suspected HFRS outbreak areas. We performed multiplex polymerase chain reaction–based next-generation sequencing to obtain the genomic sequence of HTNV from patients and rodents. The phylogeny of human- and rodent-derived HTNV was generated using the maximum likelihood method. For phylogeographic analyses, the tracing of HTNV genomes from HFRS patients was defined on the bases of epidemiological interviews, phylogenetic patterns of the viruses, and geographic locations of HTNV-positive rodents.

Results
The phylogeographic analyses demonstrated genetic clusters of HTNV strains from clinical specimens, with HTNV circulating in rodents at suspected sites of patient infections.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a major shift in molecular epidemiological surveillance of HTNV. Active targeted surveillance was performed at sites of suspected infections, allowing the high-resolution phylogeographic analysis to reveal the site of emergence of HTNV. We posit that this novel approach will make it possible to identify infectious sources, perform disease risk assessment, and implement preparedness against vector-borne viruses.
Emotion Recognition by a Hybrid System Based on the Features of Distances and the Shapes of the Wrinkles
Authors: Afdhal Rim , Ejbali Ridha , Zaied Mourad 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Emotion recognition is a key work of research area in brain computer interactions. With the increasing concerns about affective computing, emotion recognition has attracted more and more attention in the past decades. Focusing on geometric positions of key parts of the face and well detecting them is the best way to increase accuracy of emotion recognition systems and reach high classification rates. In this paper, we propose a hybrid system based on wavelet networks using 1D Fast Wavelet Transform. This system combines two approaches: the biometric distances approach where we propose a new technique to locate feature points and the wrinkles approach where we propose a new method to locate the wrinkles regions in the face. The classification rates given by experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach compared to other methods.
Populism and constitutional tension
Authors: Walker Neil 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The recent resurgence of populism poses a significant challenge to constitutional law today and to the deeper tradition of modern constitutionalism. Despite resisting formal limitations on their power to represent the “true” popular will, populist regimes nevertheless find instrumental and ideological reasons to endorse their own version of constitutionalism. And despite their nativist commitments, populist leaders across the globe find common constitutional cause and mutual encouragement in their critique of cosmopolitan institutions and values. The distinctiveness of populism’s constitutional orientation rests on its occupation of a space between authoritarian and popular versions of constitutionalism, overlapping both but not reducible to either. There situated, populism involves a reaction against what it condemns as the neglect of the “unitary collective particular” in the liberal version of modern constitutionalism. Many critical of the inflated narratives and methods of populism nevertheless share some its underlying anxieties. For in an age in which an expanding commitment to the democratic pedigree of our constitutional arrangements has unfolded alongside the increasing transnationalization and fragmentation of political authority, the very instability of the balance between various constitutional goods—between plurality and unity, individualism and collectivism, and universal and particular rationalities—that fuels populists’ ire, deepens the defining tension of modern constitutionalism, and poses a challenge to all who continue to endorse it.
Populism as a constitutional project
Authors: Blokker Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The engagement of conservative, populist governments with constitutional reform and constitution-making is perceived as a significant threat to the rule of law and democracy within the European Union. Constitutionalists often assume a relation of mutual exclusion between populism and constitutionalism. In contrast, I argue that while populism ought to be understood as a rejection of liberal constitutionalism, it equally constitutes a competing political force regarding the definition of constitutional democracy. The article first discusses populist constitutionalism in the context of the two, main modern constitutional traditions: the modernist and the revolutionary ones. Second, I discuss the populist critique of liberal constitutionalism, with a central focus on the recent cases of right-wing populism in power in East-Central Europe. Four dimensions are prominent: (i) popular sovereignty as the key justificatory claim of populism; (ii) majority rule as the main populist mode of government; (iii) instrumentalism as the legal–practical approach of populists; and (iv) legal resentment as the populists’ main attitude toward public law. In conclusion, I argue that while the populist critique of liberal constitutionalism provides significant insights into structural problems of liberal democracy, populist constitutionalism ultimately fails to live up to its own democratic promise.
Piperazine-Derivative MMV665917: An Effective Drug in the Diarrheic Piglet Model of Cryptosporidium hominis
Authors: Lee Sangun , Ginese Melanie , Girouard Don , Beamer Gillian , Huston Christopher D , Osbourn Damon , Griggs David W , Tzipori Saul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Cryptosporidiosis, an enteric protozoon, causes substantial morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea in children &lt;2 years old in low- to middle-income countries. There is no vaccine and treatments are inadequate. A piperazine-based compound, MMV665917, has in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Cryptosporidium parvum. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of MMV665917 in gnotobiotic piglets experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium hominis, the species responsible for &gt;75% of diarrhea reported in these children.

Methods
Gnotobiotic piglets were orally challenged with C hominis oocysts, and oral treatment with MMV665917 was commenced 3 days after challenge. Oocyst excretion and diarrhea severity were observed daily, and mucosal colonization and lesions were recorded after necropsy.

Results
MMV665917 significantly reduced fecal oocyst excretion, parasite colonization and damage to the intestinal mucosa, and peak diarrheal symptoms, compared with infected untreated controls. A dose of 20 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days was more effective than 10 mg/kg. There were no signs of organ toxicity at either dose, but 20 mg/kg was associated with slightly elevated blood cholesterol and monocytes at euthanasia.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the effectiveness of this drug against C hominis. Piperazine-derivative MMV665917 may potentially be used to treat human cryptosporidiosis; however, further investigations are required.
Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine Administered Simultaneously With Hepatitis B Vaccine and Group A Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: A Phase 4, Open-Label, Single-Center, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Zhang Zewu , Liang Zhenglun , Zeng Ji , Zhang Jikai , He Peng , Su Jiali , Zeng Yaoming , Fan Renfeng , Zhao Dan , Ma Wenjun , Zeng Gang , Zhang Qiaoli , Zheng Huizhen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
This study tested the hypothesis that the immunogenicity and safety of the simultaneous administration of enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine (dose 1) with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) on day 1 and EV71 vaccine (dose 2) with group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MenA) on day 30 is not inferior to separate administration of each vaccine.

Methods
The study was designed as a randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial. A total of 775 healthy infants aged 6 months were randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive simultaneous administration of EV71 vaccine (dose 1) and HepB on day 1 and EV71 vaccine (dose 2) and MenA on day 30 (the SI group); administration of doses 1 and 2 of EV71 vaccine on days 1 and 30, respectively (the SE1 group); or administration of HepB and MenA on days 1 and 30, respectively (the SE2 group).

Results
According to the per protocol set, antibody responses against EV71, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and group A meningococcal polysaccharide were similar regardless of administration schedule. With the non-inferiority margin setting at 10%, the seroconversion rates of the three pathogens in the SI group (100% [98.25, 100], 44.84% [38.20, 51.63] and 27.83% [21.91, 34.38]) were not inferior to those in SE1 or SE2 group (100% [98.31, 100], 44.35% [37.82, 51.02] and 29.17% [23.20, 35.72], respectively). Frequencies of adverse reactions to each vaccination regimen were comparable (60.62% in the SI group vs 52.33% in the SE1 group and 56.98% in the SE2 group; P = .16).

Conclusions
Simultaneous administration of combined EV71 vaccine with HepB and MenA has noninferior immunogenicity and safety, compared with separate administration of these vaccines.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03274102.
Intradermal SynCon® Ebola GP DNA Vaccine Is Temperature Stable and Safely Demonstrates Cellular and Humoral Immunogenicity Advantages in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tebas Pablo , Kraynyak Kimberly A , Patel Ami , Maslow Joel N , Morrow Matthew P , Sylvester Albert J , Knoblock Dawson , Gillespie Elisabeth , Amante Dinah , Racine Trina , McMullan Trevor , Jeong Moonsup , Roberts Christine C , Park Young K , Boyer Jean , Broderick Kate E , Kobinger Gary P , Bagarazzi Mark , Weiner David B , Sardesai Niranjan Y , White Scott M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundNonlive vaccine approaches that are simple to deliver and stable at room temperature or 2–8°C could be advantageous in controlling future Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks. Using an immunopotent DNA vaccine that generates protection from lethal EBOV challenge in small animals and nonhuman primates, we performed a clinical study to evaluate both intramuscular (IM) and novel intradermal (ID) DNA delivery.MethodsTwo DNA vaccine candidates (INO-4201 and INO-4202) targeting the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) were evaluated for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity in a phase 1 clinical trial. The candidates were evaluated alone, together, or in combination with plasmid-encoded human cytokine interleukin-12 followed by in vivo electroporation using either the CELLECTRA® IM or ID delivery devices.ResultsThe safety profile of all 5 regimens was shown to be benign, with the ID route being better tolerated. Antibodies to EBOV GP were generated by all 5 regimens with the fastest and steepest rise observed in the ID group. Cellular immune responses were generated with every regimen.ConclusionsID delivery of INO-4201 was well tolerated and resulted in 100% seroreactivity after 2 doses and elicited interferon-γ T-cell responses in over 70% of subjects, providing a new approach for EBOV prevention in diverse populations.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02464670.