bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma
Authors: Relja Borna , Land Walter Gottlieb 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 1994, the “danger model” argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of “strange” molecules. Thus, an alternative to the “self versus non-self recognition model” has been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G. Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration. Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still remains difficult to describe their “friend or foe” role in the posttraumatic immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e., secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu, this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced. Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.
Rigid body dynamics using equimomental systems of point-masses
Authors: Laus L. P. , Selig J. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The inertia matrix of any rigid body is the same as the inertia matrix of some system of four point-masses. In this work, the possible disposition of these point-masses is investigated. It is found that every system of possible point-masses with the same inertia matrix can be parameterised by the elements of the orthogonal group in four-dimensional modulo-permutation of the points. It is shown that given a fixed inertia matrix, it is possible to find a system of point-masses with the same inertia matrix but where one of the points is located at some arbitrary point. It is also possible to place two point-masses on an arbitrary line or three of the points on an arbitrary plane. The possibility of placing some of the point-masses at infinity is also investigated. Applications of these ideas to rigid body dynamics are considered. The equation of motion for a rigid body is derived in terms of a system of four point-masses. These turn out to be very simple when written in a 6-vector notation.
Overall Bone Structure as Assessed by Slice-by-Slice Profile
Authors: Amson Eli 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantifying the inner structure of bones is central to various analyses dealing with the phenotypic evolution of animals with an ossified skeleton. Computed tomography allows to assess the repartition of bone tissue within an entire skeletal element. Two parameters of importance for such analyses are the global compactness (Cg) and total cross-sectional area (Tt.Ar). However, no open-source, time-efficient methods are available to acquire these parameters for whole bones. A methodology to assess the variation of these parameters along a profile following one of the studied bone’s anatomical axes is also wanting. Here I present an ImageJ macro and associated R script to automatically acquire Cg and Tt.Ar along an axis of the skeletal element of interest using a slice-by-slice approach. No manual segmentation is required and several bones can be present on the analysed scan, as long as the bone of interest is isolated and the largest element on each slice. While some bias might be involved by the automatic acquisition, semi-automatic slice exclusion and correction procedures can be used to efficiently account for it. As a test case, µCT-data was gathered for the mid-lumbar vertebra of over 70 mammals. The two evaluated correction procedures proved to perform equally well, with a slight advantage for the one relying on the exclusion of local outliers. The presented macro allows to efficiently build a dataset concerned with the quantification of bone inner structure. The code being readily available, further improvement of the methodology and adjustment to particular needs can be easily performed.
The Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) cohort: A data set for biomarker discovery and validation in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Alcolea Daniel , Clarimón Jordi , Carmona‐Iragui María , Illán‐Gala Ignacio , Morenas‐Rodríguez Estrella , Barroeta Isabel , Ribosa‐Nogué Roser , Sala Isabel , Sánchez‐Saudinós M. Belén , Videla Laura , Subirana Andrea , Benejam Bessy , Valldeneu Sílvia , Fernández Susana , Estellés Teresa , Altuna Miren , Santos‐Santos Miguel , García‐Losada Lídia , Bejanin Alexandre , Pegueroles Jordi , Montal Víctor , Vilaplana Eduard , Belbin Olivia , Dols‐Icardo Oriol , Sirisi Sònia , Querol‐Vilaseca Marta , Cervera‐Carles Laura , Muñoz Laia , Núñez Raúl , Torres Soraya , Camacho M. Valle , Carrió Ignasi , Giménez Sandra , Delaby Constance , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard , Turon‐Sans Janina , Pagonabarraga Javier , Jiménez Amanda , Blesa Rafael , Fortea Juan , Lleó Alberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe SPIN (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration) cohort is a multimodal biomarker platform designed for neurodegenerative disease research following an integrative approach.MethodsParticipants of the SPIN cohort provide informed consent to donate blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, receive detailed neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, and undergo a structural 3T brain MRI scan. A subset also undergoes other functional or imaging studies (video‐polysomnogram, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET, amyloid PET, Tau PET). Participants are followed annually for a minimum of 4 years, with repeated cerebrospinal fluid collection and imaging studies performed every other year, and brain donation is encouraged.ResultsThe integration of clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biochemical, imaging, and neuropathological information and the harmonization of protocols under the same umbrella allows the discovery and validation of key biomarkers across several neurodegenerative diseases.DiscussionWe describe our particular 10‐year experience and how different research projects were unified under an umbrella biomarker program, which might be of help to other research teams pursuing similar approaches.
Predictors of Work Ability in Individuals With a Common Mental Disorder: Is There an Effect of Metacognitive Beliefs Among Poor Physical Health and Emotional Distress?
Authors: Nordahl Henrik , Wells Adrian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWork ability is a prospective predictor of sick leave, disability pension and unemployment, and has been defined as the balance between human resources and the demands of work, taking into consideration that illness is not equivalent to work disability. In the present study we set out to explore predictors of work ability in a sample of individuals with common mental disorders. In particular, we were interested in exploring metacognitive beliefs as a potential predictor of work ability, as Wells’ (2009) metacognitive model of psychological disorder suggests that metacognitions may be an underlying factor in psychological vulnerability generally, and they have been associated with work status in previous studies. One hundred and seventy-seven individuals participated in an online survey and completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Several factors correlated with reduced work ability: physical disorders, emotional distress symptoms and metacognitive beliefs. We found that confidence in memory predicted work ability even when controlling for gender/age, number of physical disorders, and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. This finding suggest that metacognitions of poor memory performance are associated with low work ability among those with common mental disorders, and implies that these should be targeted in treatment with a view to increasing work ability and thus potentially facilitate return to work.
Enhancing welfare without a theory of welfare
Authors: HAUSMAN DANIEL M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBy identifying well-being with preference satisfaction, mainstream normative economists were able to leave the determination of which specific things make people better or worse off to the individuals themselves. The findings of behavioral economics undermine the possibility of deferring in this way to individual preference. One response to this challenge to welfare economics is to distinguish the true preferences of individuals from their manifest preferences and to take true preferences to guide policy. InThe Community of Advantage, Robert Sugden criticizes this strategy and proposes that economists appraise policies, institutions and outcomes by the opportunities they provide rather than by their contributions to welfare. This paper criticizes Sugden's view and argues for a modest solution that makes cautious use of preferences as indicators of well-being.
A vindicatory approach to tortious liability for mistakes in assisted human reproduction
Authors: Mulligan Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMistakes in assisted human reproduction procedures such as IVF, egg, sperm and embryo donation are surprisingly common, but tortious liability for such mistakes has not been addressed in the courts of England and Wales, or Ireland. This paper presents an argument in favour of a vindicatory approach to tortious claims arising from mistakes, where the claimants are the parents of the resulting, healthy, child. Drawing on the analogous tort of wrongful pregnancy, the paper provides a vindicatory account of the case ofRees v Darlington Memorial Hospital, and argues thatReessignposts the correct approach for tortious claims arising from mistakes in assisted human reproduction. It is argued that while the law should not compensate ‘loss’ flowing from the birth of a child, parents should be entitled to an award of damages to vindicate their right to reproductive autonomy. The paper explores vindication of the right to reproductive autonomy through the tort of negligence, but argues that vindication may be more effectively achieved through the creation of a separate tort which is actionable per se, strict liability, and expressly focused on vindication rather than compensation.
Radiocarbon dating of textile Components from Historical silk costumes and other cloth products in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: Nakamura Toshio , Terada Takako , Ueki Chikako , Minami Masayo 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn our research on traditional clothing and accessories in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, we have collected cloth fragments from traditional Ryukyuan costumes and other fabric products for radiocarbon (14C) dating. In this study, the cloth samples from historical costumes of noro priestesses (two samples), men and women from high-status families (five samples), and non-costume cloth products (seven samples), belonging to the traditional hereditary religious system of the ancient Ryukyu Kingdom, which lasted from approximately the 14th century AD to 1829 were analyzed. One extra sample originated from a silk shawl known as a Manila shawl. The oldest among the 15 samples dates back to the mid-15th century, but some newer ones belong to the unclear calibrated age range of AD 1650–1950. The measured dates are very consistent with the historical record, suggesting that acetone and acid-alkali-acid treatments are an adequate cleaning method for radiocarbon dating of silk and cotton samples produced in the late Middle Age and later.
Reflecting on the 60th anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty
Authors: Dodds Klaus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis essay serves as an introduction to the special issue recognising the 60th anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty. It provides the geopolitical and scientific context informing the creation of the negotiations for a new treaty between October and December 1959. Thereafter, it identifies some of the challenges facing the contemporary Antarctic Treaty System. While none are thought to be threatening to the collaborative spirit that informs the legal and political status quo, there is no room for complacency either. Finally, the contributors and their essays are introduced for the reader. Taken together, it showcases the diversity of work being undertaken by scholars in the humanities and social sciences.
Internationalists, sovereigntists, nativists: Contending visions of world order in Pan-Africanism
Authors: Abrahamsen Rita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractContrary to common assumptions that the liberal world order was ‘made in the West’, this article argues that it was produced in interaction with Pan-African ideology and actors. Developing a morphological analysis, it identifies three contending visions of world order within Pan-Africanism: a world of continental unity and transnational solidarity; a world of national sovereignty; and a world of racially defined units. It concludes that Pan-Africanism contains intellectual and political resources for the defence, reinvigoration, and invention of a more just, equal and rule-bound multilateral world, but that this cannot be taken for granted. Pan-Africanism is neither inherently progressive, nor reactionary, and can support multilateralism and sovereigntism in equal measure. Pan-Africanism's nativism also carries particular risks at a time when similar identitarian viewpoints are promoted by Radical Right movements. Understanding the manner in which Pan-Africanism informs and legitimises diverse political agendas is thus of crucial importance for IR, for Pan-Africanists, and for the future of world order.
Current Crises and Potential Conflicts in Asia and the Pacific: Challenges Facing Global Health or Global Public Health by a Different Name
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince 1945, the reasons for major crises and how the world responds to them have changed every 10-15 years or sooner. Whereas these crises vary greatly across global regions, their economic, environmental, ecological, social, and disease aspects are increasingly under the influence of widely integrated global changes and forces arising primarily from: climate extremes; rapid unsustainable urbanization; critical biodiversity losses; and emergencies of scarcity in water, food, and energy. These slow-moving but increasingly severe crises affect larger populations across many borders and lead to the emergence of increasing population-based, preventable public health emergencies related to water, sanitation, food, shelter, energy, and related health illnesses, and ultimately global health security. This report explores the impact of these crises on Asia and the Pacific region, and their potential for regional conflict.
Health benefits and costs of weight-loss dietary counselling by nurses in primary care: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Cleghorn Christine L , Wilson Nick , Nair Nisha , Kvizhinadze Giorgi , Nghiem Nhung , McLeod Melissa , Blakely Tony 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of brief weight-loss counselling by dietitian-trained practice nurses, in a high-income-country case study.Design:A literature search of the impact of dietary counselling on BMI was performed to source the ‘best’ effect size for use in modelling. This was combined with multiple other input parameters (e.g. epidemiological and cost parameters for obesity-related diseases, likely uptake of counselling) in an established multistate life-table model with fourteen parallel BMI-related disease life tables using a 3 % discount rate.Setting:New Zealand (NZ).Participants:We calculated quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained and health-system costs over the remainder of the lifespan of the NZ population alive in 2011 (n4·4 million).Results:Counselling was estimated to result in an increase of 250 QALY (95 % uncertainty interval −70, 560 QALY) over the population’s lifetime. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 2011 $NZ 138 200 per QALY gained (2018 $US 102 700). Per capita QALY gains were higher for Māori (Indigenous population) than for non-Māori, but were still not cost-effective. If willingness-to-pay was set to the level of gross domestic product per capita per QALY gained (i.e. 2011 $NZ 45 000 or 2018 $US 33 400), the probability that the intervention would be cost-effective was 2 %.Conclusions:The study provides modelling-level evidence that brief dietary counselling for weight loss in primary care generates relatively small health gains at the population level and is unlikely to be cost-effective.
Norm internalisation revisited: Norm contestation and the life of norms at the extreme of the norm cascade
Authors: GARCÍA IOMMI LUCRECIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:Finnemore and Sikkink’s norms life cycle model (NLCM) is a powerful heuristic device that continues to be a mandatory point of reference for theoretical and empirical scholarship on norm change. Yet the internalisation stage as conceptualised in the NLCM is problematic. Drawing from Wiener’s Theory of Contestation, this article proposes to reconceptualise the norm internalisation stage as the phase at the extreme of the norm cascade in which inherently contested norms simultaneously enjoy formal validity, social recognition, and cultural validation among stakeholders. Unlike Finnemore and Sikkink’s, this conceptualisation focuses solely on norm validity and does not assume ‘almost automatic’ compliance. While Finnemore and Sikkink emphasise habit and institutionalisation as mechanisms of internalisation, the proposed conceptualisation highlights the role of applicatory contestation under conditions of high contestedness. Furthermore, I argue that internalised norms continue to be contested. Finally, my conceptualisation explicitly incorporates norm regression as the fourth stage of the NLCM. Norms might regress because they become obsolete, they change, or they are replaced. To assess the descriptive power of the proposed conceptualisation vis-à-vis Finnemore and Sikkink’s, the article applies them to the analysis of the norm that prohibits torture.
Variation atDENND1Band Asthma on the Island of Tristan da Cunha
Authors: Duffy David L. , Siminovitch Katherine A. , Zamel Ricardo , Chapman Kenneth R. , Martin Nicholas G. , Zamel Noe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA high prevalence of asthma has been documented among the inhabitants of Tristan da Cunha, an isolated island in the South Atlantic. The population derives from just 28 founders. We performed lung function testing, including methacholine inhalation challenge, allergen skin prick testing, and collected DNA from essentially all of the current island population (269 individuals), and genotyped a panel of 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported as associated with asthma and atopy. We carried out a mixed-model association analysis using the known pedigree. There were 96 individuals diagnosed as asthmatic (36%), and heritability estimates were similar to those from nonisolated population samples (multifactorial threshold model,h2= 48%). The first component from a genetic principal components analysis using the entire SNP panel was nonlinearly associated with asthma, with the maximum risk to those intermediate to reference (Human Genome Diversity Project) European and African samples means. The single most strongly associated SNP was rs2786098 (p= 5.5 × 10−5), known to regulate the geneDENND1B. This explained approximately one-third of the trait heritability, with an allelic odds ratio for the A allele of 2.6. Among A/A carriers, 10 out of 12 individuals were asthmatic. The rs2786098*A variant was initially reported to decrease the risk of childhood (atopic) asthma in European but slightly increase the risk in African-descended populations, and does significantly alter Th2 cell function. Despite an absence of overall association with this variant in recent asthma genome wide association studies meta-analyses, an effect may exist on the particular genetic background of the Tristan da Cunha population.
Linking Faults, Fractures, and Clay Mineral Occurrence With Fluid Transport in the Accretionary Prism of the Nankai Trough, Japan
Authors: Schleicher Anja M. , Jurado Maria‐Jose 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interpretation of logging while drilling resistivity oriented images and geophysical logs from Hole C0002 drilled during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expeditions 338 and 348 of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE) project revealed a complex structure of the accretionary prism characterized by steep bedding and abundant folds and fault zones, indicative of specific areas of deformation within the clay‐dominated prism sediments. Local faults were undoubtedly interpreted on images from Hole C0002P (2,162.5–3,058.4 m below seafloor), whereas folds were identified in both Holes C0002P and C0002F (860–2,005.5 m below seafloor). The clay mineral analysis of rock samples (cuttings) shows that clay mineralization occurs within the range of the faulted and fractured zones. This linkage between local deformation and clay mineralization can have implications for enhanced fluid flow and localized fluid‐rock interaction within the highly fractured areas of the accretionary prism. We conclude that dissolution and neomineralization of illitic and smectitic phases within fractures and faults is a process that probably continues during active creep and fault reactivation and plays a key role in influencing weak fault and creep behavior within the Nankai Trough, and likely in shallow fault systems elsewhere.
Rutile (U‐Th)/He Thermochronology: Temperature Sensitivity and Radiation Damage Effects
Authors: Robinson Katherine H. , Flowers Rebecca M. , Metcalf James R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRutile (TiO2) is a common U‐Th‐bearing accessory mineral in metamorphic and, to a lesser extent, igneous rocks. Its development as a (U‐Th)/He thermochronometer would diversify the lithologies dateable with the (U‐Th)/He technique. We report (U‐Th)/He dates for rutile with crystallization ages that vary from Cretaceous to Proterozoic from eight samples with independent constraints on their thermal history to empirically calibrate the temperature sensitivity of the rutile (U‐Th)/He (RHe) system. The results document an analytical challenge for the Proterozoic rutile, where degassing at laser powers typical for zircon volatilized the parent isotopes while lower laser powers failed to consistently and completely extract all 4He from the crystals. In contrast, the six Phanerozoic samples were easily degassed without U‐Th loss. RHe dates for five of these samples are fairly reproducible (6–22% dispersion) or yield positive RHe date‐eU correlations. RHe dates are older than or overlap with apatite (U‐Th)/He dates available for four of these samples and are younger than zircon (U‐Th)/He dates available for two of these samples. This implies that the He closure temperature (Tc) for these Phanerozoic rutile is between apatite (~70 °C) and lower damage zircon (~200 °C). We also conducted two 4He diffusion experiments. These data are consistent with anisotropic He diffusion and yield Tc estimates of ~155–159 °C for diffusion parallel to the c axis (at a 10 °C/Ma cooling rate). These diffusion experiment results, the degassing patterns for Phanerozoic versus Proterozoic rutile, and the positive RHe date‐eU correlations in two samples imply that radiation damage increases rutile He retentivity.