bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wockhardt Limited: will it rise from the ashes?
Authors: S.R. Vishwanath , Arora Jaskiran , Prasad Durga , Singh Kulbir 
Published: November 2018

Synopsis
The case provides an introduction to how currency mismatches create exposures, why and how companies hedge (or do not hedge) those exposures, alternate valuation models and the use of foreign currency convertibles in funding a global expansion program. The case highlights the ambitious growth strategy of Wockhardt, a global biopharmaceutical company. In a bid to dominate the biopharmaceutical market, Wockhardt grew aggressively by acquiring companies all over the world. This expansion was funded by a mix of secured loans (bank borrowings) and unsecured loans including foreign currency (US dollar denominated) convertible bonds (FCCBs). Due to deteriorating business and economic conditions, the company experienced a sharp decline in profitability and stock price resulting in a debt overhang. The company had to restructure its capital structure in March 2009 to escape bankruptcy. Since FCCB holders did not agree to restructure the terms of the instrument, the company had to turn to senior lenders to restructure debt. The company’s management is faced with several options to deal with financial distress. The case asks students to evaluate those options. The case can be used to teach hedging foreign currency exposures, design of capital structure in rapidly evolving industries and dangers of financing R&D intensive ventures with convertible debt denominated in foreign currencies.

Research methodology
The case is based on secondary data sources. Information statements filed with the Securities Exchange Board of India, the company’s website, press releases and security analyst reports formed the basis for this case. Supplementary information was gathered from the CAPITALINE database, and websites of the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. Sources of information are documented appropriately in the case and teaching note. No names in the case have been disguised. The authors have no personal relationship with the company.

Relevant courses and levels
The case is suitable for courses in corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, international financial management, corporate restructuring and valuation at the graduate level. It can also be used in executive education programs.

Theoretical bases
The case provides an introduction to how currency mismatches create exposures, why and how companies hedge (or do not hedge) those exposures, alternate valuation models, the use of foreign currency convertibles in funding a global expansion program and the alternatives in corporate restructuring. Suitable references are provided in the teaching note.
The Durango Area Tourism Office’s marketing dilemma: to market marijuana businesses or not
Authors: Taylor Lorraine L. , Walker Deborah L. 
Published: November 2018

Synopsis
Andrea Seid is responsible for tourism marketing in a destination management organization in Colorado. In her position, she faces a difficult decision of whether to promote marijuana-related businesses on her website and in the local welcome centers.

Research methodology
Primary research took place through interviews with Andrea Seid and John Mace, a local business owner. All other data were collected from secondary sources.

Relevant courses and levels
This case would help students to apply concepts from courses such as: services marketing, tourism management, destination management and tourism development.

Theoretical bases
The decision at the root of the case is a real-world application of stakeholder theory.
Who really benefits? Neighborhood credit union’s merger decision
Authors: Grandy Gina , Rixon Daphne 
Published: November 2018

Synopsis
Ben Chang, the CEO of a small credit union, Neighbourhood Credit Union (Neighbourhood), located in Atlantic Canada was evaluating a possible merger with another larger credit union, Pleasantview Credit Union (Pleasantview). Chang and Neighbourhood’s Board of Directors (Board) were interested in a merger that would enhance member benefits via improved technology, innovative delivery channels and a more robust financial planning and wealth management capability. Chang, along with a team of experts, was methodical in seeking out interested credit unions. Pleasantview emerged as a strong candidate from the expression of interest stage. The initial due diligence review was complete, the memorandum of understanding signed and a working group comprised of members from both credit unions formed. Chang, however, was becoming increasingly concerned about the lack of strategic fit between Neighbourhood and Pleasantview. In conversation with the consultant hired to assist with the merger process, Chang was considering recommending to the Board that the merger process with Pleasantview be halted. It was January 2015 and Chang was set to retire in May. Before he retired he wanted a plan in place that ensured increased member benefits, as well one that balanced growth and sustainability for Neighbourhood. Chang was scheduled to meet with the Board in four days. He needed a recommendation that would address the current merger situation, as well as provide other options for Neighbourhood.

Research methodology
This case is based upon primary and secondary data collection. Formal and follow-up informal interviews were conducted in 2015 with the CEO and “merger” consultant at Neighbourhood Credit Union. Organisational documents and publicly available documents were also consulted. To ensure the confidentiality terms of the merger discussions, the case is disguised with respect to the name and location of the credit unions, the names of the CEO and consultant, as well as the financials. The timeline, process followed, key decision and opinions of the CEO and merger consultant as presented in the case are real.

Relevant courses and levels
This case is formulated for university undergraduate students in their third or fourth years of study and graduate students. It is appropriate for strategic management and co-operative/not-for-profit management classes intended for a 60–75 min class session.
Balancing learning and knowledge protection in university-industry collaborations
Authors: Kunttu Leena , Neuvo Yrjö 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the tension between learning and protection in university-industry relationships (UIRs) and, in particular, to identify practices that facilitate ways of coping with this tension.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical work for the study is based on a qualitative comparative case analysis of six successful, long-term relationships between industrial technology firms and university research groups in Finland.FindingsThe findings of the study reveal that the development of mutual trust, based on personal-level relationships, adaptation and reaching a consensus about the utilization of research results represent the key processes that enable partners to balance learning and protection and lower the informational barriers within the collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThe case data have been collected from IT industry, in which the need for knowledge is changing rapidly and the need for learning is typically high. However, generalization of the results may need additional case studies including from other industrial areas.Practical implicationsThe results highlight a rich set of practices that can support both industrial actors and academics in improving their engagement in collaboration and to facilitate successful knowledge creation and utilization in UIRs.Originality/valueThis study extends the existing literature on UIR learning by presenting organizational practices, which help UIR actors to balance learning and protection in their collaboration. Along with mutual trust and adaptation achieved in long-term personal relationships, these practices allow partners to overcome organizational barriers that result from different orientations, attitudes and incentives.
Prognostic factors and outcome of surgically treated patients with brain metastases of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: She Chunhua , Wang Ruixia , Lu Changhong , Sun Zengfeng , Li Peng , Yin Qiang , Liu Qun , Wang Peng , Li Wenliang 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundBrain metastases (BM) are a common consequence of lung cancer and surgery is effective; however, the factors affecting survival after surgery are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the outcomes and prognoses of post‐metastasectomy patients with BM from non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at a single institution over a 15‐year period.MethodsNSCLC patients who had undergone BM surgery were retrospectively identified. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier curve, and univariate and multivariate factors associated with survival were identified using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe median overall survival was 9.8 months, 18 (14.8%) patients survived > 24 months, and 6 (4.9%) > 36 months. The one and two‐year survival rates were 41% and 18.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) classification, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores, BM number, extracranial metastasis status, different lesion locations, resection extent, postoperative treatment, and salvage therapy after recurrence significantly influenced patient survival. The different treatment modalities for primary lesions also affected postoperative survival. KPS ≥ 70, RPA class I/II, and postoperative chemotherapy were independent factors that decreased the risk of death from BM. Interestingly, the initial onset of intracranial lesions could increase the risk of death from BM.ConclusionA KPS score ≥ 70, RPA class I/II, and postoperative chemotherapy could benefit post‐metastasectomy patients with BM from NSCLC. Conversely, the initial onset of intracranial lesions is an unfavorable factor that increases the risk of death. These findings support the use of personalized therapy for patients with BM from NSCLC.
The Effectiveness of a Racialized Counterstrategy
Authors: Banks Antoine J. , Hicks Heather M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOur article examines whether a politician charging a political candidate's implicit racial campaign appeal as racist is an effective political strategy. According to the racial priming theory, this racialized counterstrategy should deactivate racism, thereby decreasing racially conservative whites’ support for the candidate engaged in race baiting. We propose an alternative theory in which racial liberals, and not racially conservative whites, are persuaded by this strategy. To test our theory, we focused on the 2016 presidential election. We ran an experiment varying the politician (by party and race) calling an implicit racial appeal by Donald Trump racist. We find that charging Trump's campaign appeal as racist does not persuade racially conservative whites to decrease support for Trump. Rather, it causes racially liberal whites to evaluate Trump more unfavorably. Our results hold up when attentiveness, old‐fashioned racism, and partisanship are taken into account. We also reproduce our findings in two replication studies.
Combined use of Kirschner wires and hinged external fixator for capitellar and trochlear fractures: a minimum 24‐month follow‐up
Authors: He Shu‐Kun , Zhao Si‐Chun , Guo Jin‐Hai , Qin Ting‐Wu , Huang Fu‐Guo 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundOpen reduction and internal fixation is the adequate treatment for capitellar and trochlear fractures. Given the low incidence of this type of fractures, it is difficult to constitute a universally accepted method for fixation. Thus, we hypothesised that combined use of Kirschner wires (K‐wires), absorbable rods and sutures for fixation and post‐operative hinged external fixator for early rehabilitation exercise can restore elbow joint function well.MethodsThis retrospective study included 20 patients with a mean age of 48.3 (range 16–76) years. According to the Dubberley classification, fractures were classified on plain radiographs, computed tomography images and intra‐operative findings. All patients were evaluated by the range of motion of the elbow and the Broberg‐Morrey score.ResultsAll fractures had healed without non‐union, and the average time was 13.6 (range 8–17) weeks. The mean follow‐up was 42.5 (range 24–80) months. The mean flexion was 117.1° (range 90°–135°), and the mean extension was 17.5° (range 0°–45°). The mean pronation was 74.4° (range 45°–85°), and the mean supination was 84.3° (range 60°–90°). The average Broberg–Morrey score was 86.2 (range 68–98) points with 10 excellent, 7 good and 3 fair results.ConclusionK‐wires, absorbable rods and sutures combined with hinged external fixator are feasible for fixation of capitellar and trochlear fractures. However, due to the absence of a control group (such as Herbert screw fixation), comparative studies are still needed to demonstrate the safety and reliability of K‐wires for fixation.
Surgical ultrasonography at the bedside: a comparison of surgical trainees with trained sonographers for symptomatic cholelithiasis – a first Australian experience
Authors: Gaszynski Rafael , Lim Christopher , Chan Daniel L. , Fisher Oliver M. , Das Kamala Kanta , Merrett Neil , Wilson Robert , Cosman Peter 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSymptomatic cholelithiasis accounts for a significant burden of emergency general surgical presentations in Australia and the Western population. Access to hepatobiliary ultrasonography to facilitate diagnosis can lead to delays in timely treatment. Surgical ultrasonography at the bedside (SUB) can mitigate this barrier to patient care. This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of SUB by trainees versus formal ultrasonographer or computed tomography examination for suspected symptomatic cholelithiasis.MethodsA prospective non‐inferiority study of emergency patient admissions with abdominal pain in two tertiary referral hospitals during July 2017 to October 2018 was performed. Results of SUB were compared with accredited radiographer ultrasonography or computed tomography and histopathological assessment. Positive findings at SUB for symptomatic cholelithiasis included: cholelithiasis, gallbladder wall thickness ˃3 mm, pericholecystic fluid or sonographic Murphy's sign.ResultsOne hundred patients with epigastric or right upper quadrant pain underwent SUB. Mean patient age was 49 years (range 20–90 years), with 61 females and 39 males. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of symptomatic cholelithiasis was 94.9% and 100% for SUB and 98.7% and 100% for accredited radiographers. Diagnostic accuracy was 96% for SUB and 99% for radiographer ultrasonography. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 84.6% for SUB and 100% and 96% for radiographers. The inter‐rater reliability for features compatible with the diagnosis of symptomatic cholelithiasis was good with a kappa of 0.758 (95% confidence interval 0.587–0.929, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis first Australian experience demonstrates that general surgical trainees can accurately diagnose cholecystitis with SUB and this assessment is not inferior and has substantial agreement with accredited radiographer ultrasonography.
Short‐term outcomes of intra‐aortic balloon pump combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Li , Xing Zhen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) combined with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) in patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the short‐term clinical outcomes of IABP combined with VA‐ECMO versus VA‐ECMO alone. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for English language articles published from inception to August 18, 2018. Observational studies comparing IABP combined with VA‐ECMO with VA‐ECMO were considered eligible for the current study. Twelve observational studies with 3704 patients were included. In the IABP combined with VA‐ECMO group mortality was 59.7%, compared with 65.8% in the VA‐ECMO alone group. The risk ratio (RR) for this comparison was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–1.02; P = 0.107; 59.7% vs. 65.8%). In the one‐way sensitivity analysis for estimating the effect of each study on mortality, omission of each study did not make a significant difference. Furthermore, the proportion of patients weaned from VA‐ECMO was significantly higher in IABP combined VA‐ECMO group than in the VA‐ECMO alone group (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.21–1.35; P < 0.001; 77.9% vs. 61.2%). IABP combined with VA‐ECMO could improve success rate of weaning from VA‐ECMO, but did not reduce in‐hospital mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest.
Comparing cognitive styles in social anxiety and major depressive disorders: An examination of rumination, worry, and reappraisal
Authors: Arditte Hall Kimberly A. , Quinn Meghan E. , Vanderlind William M. , Joormann Jutta 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly occurring and frequently comorbid disorders. Though individuals with SAD and MDD are more likely to engage in rumination and worry, relatively few studies have compared individuals with SAD, MDD, or both disorders on their use of these cognitive styles. Similarly, the extent to which the disorders differ in their use of reappraisal remains unclear. Thus, the current study sought to systematically examine rumination, worry, and reappraisal in individuals with and without SAD, MDD, or both disorders.MethodsThe study comprised 330 participants recruited from the community (n = 54 with SAD, n = 61 with MDD, n = 69 with comorbid SAD/MDD, and n = 146 healthy controls). Following confirmation of diagnostic status via clinical interview, participants completed measures of rumination, worry, and reappraisal.ResultsHealthy controls reported less use of rumination (i.e., brooding and reflection) and worry than individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis. Individuals with SAD or MDD did not differ from each other, but participants in both groups reported less rumination, particularly brooding, than individuals with comorbid SAD/MDD. Diagnostic group differences in reappraisal only emerged when reappraisal was considered alongside other cognitive styles. Further, moderation analyses indicated that reappraisal was only associated with SAD or MDD when participants also reported high levels of rumination and worry.ConclusionsResults support transdiagnostic conceptualizations of rumination and worry. They also suggest that reappraisal is only useful when it is used by people who experience frequent and habitual negative cognitions.Practitioner points

Individuals with SAD or MDD report more rumination and worry than healthy controls, but do not differ from each other in their reliance on these cognitive styles.

Individuals with comorbid SAD/MDD endorse more rumination than individuals with SAD or MDD alone, even after adjusting for differences in symptom severity.

Reappraisal may only predict diagnostic group status when considered alongside other cognitive styles.

In particular, high reappraisal may be associated with reduced risk of psychiatric disorder, but only when rumination and worry are also high.

Limitations

The study was limited by its cross‐sectional design and reliance on self‐report measures.

Participants were diagnosed using DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for SAD and MDD.
Therapeutic recommendations for early stage Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Depaus Julien , Delcourt Anne , André Marc 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCombined modality treatment has been the standard option for the treatment of early stage Hodgkin lymphoma for several decades. Because of the high success rate and the risk of late toxicities, recent clinical trials have focused on reducing the treatment burden. Field and dose of radiotherapy, and number of cycles of chemotherapy have been successfully reduced, particularly for favourable early stage patients. However, the impact of these treatment reductions on the rate of secondary malignancies remains still unclear. Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) scanning has emerged as a very important tool for disease staging and end of treatment assessment. Interestingly, a PET performed after 2 cycles of ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) has been correlated with final outcome and was recently evaluated in a randomized clinical trial to evaluate individualized therapy based on PET response after 2 or 3 cycles of ABVD. These trials aimed to identify good prognosis (early PET‐negative) patients who could be spared radiotherapy, but also patients with a bad prognosis (early PET‐positive) who need more intensive treatment. More recently, new drugs, such as brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint inhibitors, have shown efficacy in relapsed/refractory patients and are currently under evaluation in early stage patients.
Whole‐cell biocatalysis platform for gram‐scale oxidative dearomatization of phenols
Authors: Baker Dockrey Summer A. , Doyon Tyler J. , Perkins Jonathan C. , Narayan Alison R. H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTechnologies enabling new enzyme discovery and efficient protein engineering have spurred intense interest in the development of biocatalytic reactions. In recent years, whole‐cell biocatalysis has received attention as a simple, efficient, and scalable biocatalytic reaction platform. Inspired by these developments, we have established a whole‐cell protocol for oxidative dearomatization of phenols using the flavin‐dependent monooxygenase, TropB. This approach provides a scalable biocatalytic platform for accessing gram‐scale quantities of chiral synthetic building blocks.
Cosyntropin testing does not predict response to glucocorticoids in community‐acquired pneumonia in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Blum Claudine A. , Schuetz Philipp , Nigro Nicole , Winzeler Bettina , Arici Birsen , Refardt Julie , Urwyler Sandrine A. , Rodondi Nicolas , Blum Manuel R. , Briel Matthias , Mueller Beat , Christ‐Crain Mirjam 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveGlucocorticoids have been shown to improve outcome in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, glucocorticoids have potential side‐effects, and treatment response may vary. It is thus crucial to select patients with high likelihood to respond favourably. In critical illness, cosyntropin testing is recommended to identify patients in need for glucocorticoids. We investigated whether cosyntropin testing predicts treatment response to glucocorticoids in CAP.DesignPredefined secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.PatientsHospitalized patients with CAP.MeasurementsWe performed 1 µg cosyntropin tests in a randomized trial comparing prednisone 50 mg for 7 days to placebo. We investigated whether subgroups based on baseline and stimulated cortisol levels responded differently to glucocorticoids with regard to time to clinical stability (TTCS) and other outcomes by inclusion of interaction terms into statistical models.ResultsA total of 326 patients in the prednisone and 309 patients in the placebo group were evaluated. Neither basal cortisol nor a Δcortisol <250 nmol/L after stimulation nor the combination of basal cortisol and Δcortisol predicted treatment response as measured by TTCS (all P for interaction >0.05). Similarly, we found no effect modification with respect to mortality, rehospitalization, antibiotic treatment duration or CAP‐related complications (all P for interaction >0.05). However, glucocorticoids had a stronger effect on shortening length of hospital stay in patients with a baseline cortisol of ≥938 nmol/L (P for interaction = 0.015).ConclusionsNeither baseline nor stimulated cortisol after low‐dose cosyntropin testing at a dose of 1 µg predicted glucocorticoid responsiveness in mild to moderate CAP. A treatment decision for or against adjunct glucocorticoids in CAP should not be made depending on cortisol values or cosyntropin testing results.