bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-eliminative Structuralism, Fregean Abstraction, and Non-rigid Structures
Authors: Wigglesworth John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLinnebo and Pettigrew (Philos Q 64:267–283, 2014) have recently developed a version of non-eliminative mathematical structuralism based on Fregean abstraction principles. They recognize that this version of structuralism is vulnerable to the well-known problem of non-rigid structures. This paper offers a solution to the problem for this version of structuralism. The solution involves expanding the languages used to describe mathematical structures. We then argue that this solution is philosophically acceptable to those who endorse mathematical structuralism based on Fregean abstraction principles.
Modeling Microstructure Evolution in a Martensitic Stainless Steel Subjected to Hot Working Using a Physically Based Model
Authors: Safara Nima , Engberg Göran , Ågren John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The microstructure evolution of a martensitic Stainless steel subjected to hot compression is simulated with a physically based model. The model is based on coupled sets of evolution equations for dislocations, vacancies, recrystallization, and grain growth. The advantage of this model is that with only a few experiments, the material-dependent parameters of the model can be calibrated and used for a new alloy in any deformation condition. The experimental data of this work are obtained from a series of hot compression, and subsequent stress relaxation tests performed in a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. These tests are carried out at various temperatures ranging from 900 to 1200 °C, strains up to 0.7, and strain rates of 0.01, 1, and 10 s−1. The grain growth, flow stress, and stress relaxations are simulated by finding reasonable values for model parameters. The flow stress data obtained at the strain rate of 10 s−1 were used to calibrate the model parameters and the predictions of the model for the lower strain rates were quite satisfactory. An assumption in the model is that the structure of second phase particles does not change during the short time of deformation. The results show a satisfactory agreement between the experimental data and simulated flow stress, as well as less than 5 pct difference for grain growth simulations and predicting the dominant softening mechanisms during stress relaxation according to the strain rates and temperatures under deformation.
Machine Learning–Based Reduce Order Crystal Plasticity Modeling for ICME Applications
Authors: Yuan Mengfei , Paradiso Sean , Meredig Bryce , Niezgoda Stephen R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCrystal plasticity simulation is a widely used technique for studying the deformation processing of polycrystalline materials. However, inclusion of crystal plasticity simulation into design paradigms such as integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is hindered by the computational cost of large-scale simulations. In this work, we present a machine learning (ML) framework using the material information platform, Open Citrination, to develop and calibrate a reduced order crystal plasticity model for face-centered cubic (FCC) polycrystalline materials, which can be both rapidly exercised and easily inverted. The reduced order model takes crystallographic texture, constitutive model parameters, and loading condition as inputs and returns the stress-strain curve and final texture. The model can also be inverted and take a stress-strain curve, loading condition, and final texture as inputs and return the initial texture and constitutive model parameters as outputs. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to develop an efficient description of the crystallographic texture. A viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) crystal plasticity solver is used to create the training data by modeling the stress-strain behavior and evolution of texture during deformation processing.
The Age‐Well observational study on expert meditators in the Medit‐Ageing European project
Authors: Lutz Antoine , Klimecki Olga M. , Collette Fabienne , Poisnel Géraldine , Arenaza‐Urquijo Eider , Marchant Natalie L. , De La Sayette Vincent , Rauchs Géraldine , Salmon Eric , Vuilleumier Patrick , Frison Eric , Vivien Denis , Chételat Gaël ,   Medit‐Ageing Research Group
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe Age‐Well observational, cross‐sectional study investigates the affective and cognitive mechanisms of meditation expertise with behavioral, neuroimaging, sleep, and biological measures sensitive to aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThirty cognitively unimpaired individuals aged 65 years or older with at least 10,000 hours of practice in mindfulness meditation (MM) and loving‐kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) are selected. The outcomes are the neuroimaging brain correlates of MM and LKCM and the assessments of long‐term meditation practices on behavioral, neural, and biological measures as compared to nonmeditator older controls from the Age‐Well randomized controlled trial.ResultsRecruitment and data collection began in late 2016 and will be completed by late 2019.DiscussionResults are expected to foster the understanding of the effects of meditation expertise on aging and of the mechanisms of action underlying the meditation intervention in the Age‐Well randomized controlled trial. These finding will contribute to the design of meditation‐based prevention randomized controlled trials for the aged population and to the exploration of the possible long‐time developmental trajectory of meditation training.
Ground-based remote-sensing techniques for diagnosis of the current state and recent evolution of the Monte Perdido Glacier, Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: LÓPEZ-MORENO J. I. , ALONSO-GONZÁLEZ E. , MONSERRAT O. , DEL RÍO L. M. , OTERO J. , LAPAZARAN J. , LUZI G. , DEMATTEIS N. , SERRETA A. , RICO I. , SERRANO-CAÑADAS E. , BARTOLOMÉ M. , MORENO A. , BUISAN S. , REVUELTO J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis work combines very detailed measurements from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), ground-based interferometry radar (GB-SAR) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to diagnose current conditions and to analyse the recent evolution of the Monte Perdido Glacier in the Spanish Pyrenees from 2011 to 2017. Thus, this is currently one of the best monitored small glacier (<0.5 km2) worldwide. The evolution of the glacier surface was surveyed with a TLS evidencing an important decline of 6.1 ± 0.3 m on average, with ice losses mainly concentrated over 3 years (2012, 2015 and 2017). Ice loss is unevenly distributed throughout the study period, with 10–15 m thinning in some areas while unchanged areas in others. GB-SAR revealed that areas with higher ice losses are those that are currently with no or very low ice motion. In contrast, sectors located beneath the areas with less ice loss are those that still exhibit noticeable ice movement (average 2–4.5 cm d─1 in summer, and annual movement of 9.98 ma─1 from ablation stakes data). GPR informed that ice thickness was generally <30 m, though locally 30–50 m. Glacier thinning is still accelerating and will lead to extinction of the glacier over the next 50 years.
From balanced enterprise to hostile takeover: how the law forgot about management
Authors: Johnston Andrew , Segrestin Blanche , Hatchuel Armand 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that professional management began to emerge in UK companies during the first half of the twentieth century, a development which was widely theorised and accepted. However, the managerially-led enterprise was accommodated rather than protected by company law, making it vulnerable to changes in the law. The Cohen Report of 1945 paid no attention to these developments, and led to the introduction, in the Companies Act 1948, of important, but previously little appreciated, changes in the name of enhancing the accountability of directors to shareholders. The shareholders’ statutory right to remove the directors by simple majority overturned existing structures overnight and was an important driver of the hostile takeover, which emerged shortly afterwards. This deprived management of the necessary autonomy to balance the competing interests at stake in the enterprise and to foster innovation. The emergence of the current system of shareholder primacy can be traced back to these developments.
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: a review
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Surendran Indu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo review the available literature on obsessive–compulsive symptom (OCS)/obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia.MethodologyElectronic searches were carried out to locate studies reporting various aspects of OCS/OCD in patients with schizophrenia.ResultsAvailable evidence suggests that prevalence of OCS/OCD in patients with schizophrenia is much higher than prevalence in general population and it is seen in all the stages of schizophrenia, starting from at risk mental state to chronic/stabilisation/deficit phases. Symptom profile of OCS/OCD in schizophrenia is similar to that seen in patients with OCD only. Presence of OCS/OCD is associated with higher severity of symptoms of schizophrenia and more negative outcome. At present there is very limited data on the efficacy/effectiveness of various pharmacological measures and psychological interventions, for management of OCS/OCD in patients with schizophrenia. There is some evidence pointing towards beneficial effect of certain antipsychotics, antidepressants and cognitive behaviour therapy. Management of OCS/OCD in patients with schizophrenia involves proper assessment. If the OCS/OCD is related to use of particular antipsychotic use, initial attempt must be made to reduce the dose of antipsychotics, however, if this is not effective, than addition of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) must be considered. If the OCS/OCD is not related to the use of antipsychotic medication, than depending up on the severity of psychotic symptoms, addition of SSRIs must be considered.ConclusionThis review suggests that OCS/OCD is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia and there is limited good quality evidence to make any specific recommendations for management.
Associations of evolutionary-concordance diet, Mediterranean diet and evolutionary-concordance lifestyle pattern scores with all-cause and cause-specific mortality
Authors: Cheng En , Um Caroline Y. , Prizment Anna , Lazovich DeAnn , Bostick Roberd M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Various individual diet and lifestyle factors are associated with mortality. Investigating these factors collectively may help clarify whether dietary and lifestyle patterns contribute to life expectancy. We investigated the association of previously described evolutionary-concordance and Mediterranean diet pattern scores and a novel evolutionary-concordance lifestyle pattern score with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the prospective Iowa Women’s Health Study (1986–2012). We created the diet pattern scores from Willett FFQ responses, and the lifestyle pattern score from self-reported physical activity, BMI and smoking status, and assessed their associations with mortality, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Of the 35 221 55- to 69-year-old cancer-free women at baseline, 18 687 died during follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for all-cause, all CVD, and all-cancer mortality among participants in the highest relative to the lowest quintile of the evolutionary-concordance lifestyle score were, respectively, 0·52 (95 % CI 0·50, 0·55), 0·53 (95 % CI 0·49, 0·57) and 0·51 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·57). The corresponding findings for the Mediterranean diet score were HR 0·85 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·90), 0·83 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·90) and 0·93 (95 % CI 0·84, 1·03), and for the evolutionary-concordance diet score they were close to null and not statistically significant. The lowest estimated risk was among those in the highest joint quintile of the lifestyle score and either diet score (both Pinteraction <0·01). Our findings suggest that (1) a more Mediterranean-like diet pattern and (2) a more evolutionary-concordant lifestyle pattern, alone and in interaction with a more evolutionary-concordant or Mediterranean diet pattern, may be inversely associated with mortality.
Cosmic Meaning, Awe, and Absurdity in the Secular Age: A Critique of Religious Non-Theism
Authors: Gillespie Ryan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe notion of a meaningful life in secular modernism is often caught between two worlds: a deep human yearning for cosmic meaning, on the one hand, and a seemingly random, impersonal, contingent universe on the other hand. This is often referred to as absurdity. One response to absurdity is classical theism, and another is scientific reductionism. A third response, and the subject of this article, is religious non-theism. This article: (a) explicates the primary tensions of absurdity, in relation to both human expectations and discussions of beauty in contemporary physics and cosmology; (b) analyzes the arguments and motivations of religious non-theists and the attitude of awe toward the cosmos as a rapprochement between—or at least alternative to—classical theism and scientific reductionism, as a sort of post-secular response to absurdity; and (c) begins a critique of the religious non-theist perspective, explicating four worries, expressed as the Commitment Problem, the Standards Problem, the Moral Problem, and the Awe Problem.
Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients with Behçet's disease
Authors: Doğan A , Bayar Muluk N , Asal N , Şahan M H , Inal M , Gündüz Ö , Arıkan O K 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients with Behçet's disease, using magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsCranial magnetic resonance imaging scans of 27 adults with Behçet's disease (10 males and 17 females) and 27 healthy controls were examined. Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth were measured on coronal, T2-weighted, spectral pre-saturation with inversion recovery sequences.ResultsBilateral olfactory bulb volume and right-sided olfactory sulcus depth were significantly lower in the Behçet's disease group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Left-sided olfactory sulcus depth increased with Behçet's disease duration. In both groups, olfactory bulb volume was significantly higher in the left than the right side. There were no gender differences for olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth. Positive correlations were determined between right- and left-sided olfactory bulb volume values and between right- and left-sided olfactory sulcus depth values.ConclusionBehçet's disease may decrease olfactory functions, related to lower olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth. The affected vascular system and possibly damaged neural system, nasal mucosal lesions, and prolonged nasal mucociliary clearance time may cause olfactory dysfunction. Patient follow up is recommended, with magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the olfactory system if necessary.
Bloom of the heterotrophic dinoflagellateNoctiluca scintillans(Macartney) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 and tunicatesSalpa fusiformisCuvier, 1804 andSalpa maximaForskål, 1775 in the open southern Adriatic in 2009
Authors: Batistić Mirna , Garić Rade , Jasprica Nenad , Ljubimir Stijepo , Mikuš Josip 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted in February, April and June 2009 at three stations in the southern Adriatic. Occurrence of the dinoflagellateNoctiluca scintillansand tunicatesSalpa fusiformisandSalpa maximain high abundances for the oligotrophic open sea, indicates the importance of physical forcing (vertical mixing) and inflow of nutrient-enriched Atlantic water, due to the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) mechanism, into the Adriatic Sea thus creating an environment favourable for their rapid increase. This is the first time a bloom ofN. scintillanshas been recorded in the open southern Adriatic (OSA). High abundance ofNoctilucaand salp populations in the OSA was characterized by low abundance of phytoplankton and other zooplankton, with obvious trophic implications (reduction of food availability to crustacean primary consumers). Moreover, during theS. maximabloom in June 2009, calanoid copepods and appendicularians were almost completely absent (<1 ind. m−3).
Predicted distribution and habitat loss for the Endangered black-faced black spider monkey Ateles chamek in the Amazon
Authors: Rabelo Rafael M. , Gonçalves Jonas R. , Silva Felipe E. , Rocha Daniel G. , Canale Gustavo R. , Bernardo Christine S.S. , Boubli Jean P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe rate of deforestation in the Amazon is increasing. Predictive models estimate that as a result of agricultural expansion 40% of these forests will be lost by 2050. As a consequence the habitat of forest-dwelling species such as the Endangered black-faced black spider monkey Ateles chamek is being lost, particularly along the arc of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. We used species distribution modelling to (1) define the distribution of this spider monkey, using environmental predictors, (2) calculate the area of this distribution covered by the protected area network, and (3) calculate the expected loss of the species’ habitat under future scenarios of deforestation. We found that the species occupies only c. 28% of its extent of occurrence. Only 32% of the species’ area of occupancy is legally protected, and the modelling suggests that 31–40% of the species’ habitat will be lost by 2050. We highlight three unprotected regions with extensive forest cover that are predicted to become severely deforested by 2050 as priority regions for expanding the protected area network. We also propose landscape management and restoration in three human-modified regions. Our study provides an example of how species distribution modelling can be applied to assess threats to species and support decision makers in implementing conservation actions.
Yartsagunbu: transforming people's livelihoods in the Western Himalaya
Authors: Yadav Pramod Kumar , Saha Subhajit , Mishra Ashish Kumar , Kapoor Mohnish , Kaneria Manendra , Kaneria Manish , Dasgupta Sabyasachi , Shrestha Uttam Babu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRural communities in developing countries extract provisioning ecosystem services from the natural environment to meet their subsistence needs, generate cash income and create employment opportunities. Caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, known as yartsagunbu in Tibet and in the literature on this subject, is a medicinal resource extracted by the mountain communities of the Himalaya. Studies of the contribution of the fungus to local livelihoods in the Indian Himalaya are scarce. We investigated trade and harvest and analysed the contribution of caterpillar fungus to household economies in 32 villages in Dhauliganga Valley, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, in the Western Himalaya. Caterpillar fungus harvesting has become an integral part of local livelihoods in the study area, and on average contributes c. 74% of household cash income. The majority of harvesters perceived that harvesting had become more difficult during 2010–2015 as a result of competition and a decline in abundance of the species. The mean annual per capita harvest declined by 54 pieces during 2011–2015. Increasing harvesting and trade, coupled with the dependency of local communities on the fungus, may result in greater extraction of the resource for short-term economic benefits, and could eventually lead to depletion and ecological damage. Harvesting of the fungus has already created environmental, legal and social challenges, although it has become a lucrative livelihood opportunity. The ongoing decline of the fungus threatens local livelihoods. Good governance and livelihood security should be integrated with biodiversity conservation when devising government policies and plans for sustainable management of the caterpillar fungus.
Using polarization control plate to suppress transverse stimulated Raman scattering in large-aperture KDP crystal
Authors: Fan Xinmin , Li Sensen , Huang Xiaodong , Zhang Jianxin , Wang Chunyan , Li Hourong , Sun Yongzhi , Sun Haizhu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTransverse stimulated Raman scattering (TSRS) is strongly generated in the third-harmonic-generation crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and can even damage the KDP crystal in inertial confinement fusion drivers. In this work, a method to suppress TSRS is proposed in which the polarization control plate (PCP) is moved to a new position in the existing optical path. The proposed method can suppress TSRS significantly and doubles the laser threshold intensity in KDP crystal when the order of the PCP is 16. This result is attributed to the reduction of the gain length for the Stokes radiation. The proposed method may also be used to suppress other nonlinear effects, including transverse stimulated Brillouin scattering in large-aperture optical components.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF IVABRADINE IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE IN IRAN
Authors: Taheri Saeed , Heidari Elham , Aivazi Mohammad Ali , Shams-Beyranvand Mehran , Varmaghani Mehdi 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ivabradine plus standard of care (SoC) in comparison with current SoC alone from the Iranian payer perspective.Methods:A cohort-based Markov model was developed to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over a 10-year time horizon in a cohort of 1,000 patients. The baseline transition probabilities between New York Heart Association (NYHA), mortality rate, and hospitalization rate were extracted from the literature. The effect of ivabradine on mortality, hospitalization, and NYHA improvement or worsening were retrieved from the SHIFT study. The effectiveness was measured as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using the utility values derived from Iranian Heart Failure Quality of Life study. Direct medical costs were obtained from hospital records and national tariffs. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to show the robustness of the model.Results:Ivabradine therapy was associated with an incremental cost per QALY of USD $5,437 (incremental cost of USD $2,207 and QALYs gained 0.41) versus SoC. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ivabradine is expected to have a 60 percent chance of being cost-effective accepting a threshold of USD $6,550 per QALY. Furthermore, deterministic sensitivity analysis indicated that the model is sensitive to the ivabradine drug acquisition cost.Conclusions:The cost-effectiveness model suggested that the addition of ivabradine to SoC therapy was associated with improved clinical outcomes along with increased costs. The analysis indicates that the clinical benefit of ivabradine can be achieved at a reasonable cost in eligible heart failure patients with sinus rhythm and a baseline heart rate ≥ 75 beats per minute (bpm).