bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enoch’s Interactions with Angels
Authors: Reeves John C. , Reed Annette Yoshiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter collects various traditions which attest that Enoch enjoyed an intimate relationship with the angelic world. These include texts which describe how Enoch ascended to the heavenly realm and was entertained there by one or more named angels, or was shown certain sights by the angels which gave him insight into the workings of the cosmos and the course of human history. Alternatively, other texts depict certain angels who admire Enoch’s exemplary piety and who therefore descend to earth to befriend him and encourage him in his service to God. Thematic divisions include assemblages of texts which illustrate how Enoch served as a confidant and apprentice to the angels, other texts which depict Enoch wielding powers similar to those often associated with angels in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim texts, and testimonies about how Enoch functioned as an intermediary between certain angels and God or served as a witness against certain reprehensible behaviors exhibited by one angelic class known as ‘the Watchers.’ Two particular angels with whom Enoch/Idrīs enjoyed a special bond were the Angel of the Sun and the Angel of Death, and a number of texts which discuss their interactions are brought together in order to facilitate their further comparative study.
Diet analysis
Authors: Taberlet Pierre , Bonin Aurélie , Zinger Lucie , Coissac Eric 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Chapter 17 “Diet analysis” focuses on the specificities of DNA metabarcoding in the context of diet analyses. It presents the proof-of-concept study, which examined the diet of several herbivore species using next-generation sequencing for the first time. Chapter 17 reports how DNA-based analysis of bison diet helped evaluate the effect of conservation policies in a protected area. The different strategies aiming at disentangling predator and prey sequences in carnivorous diets are reviewed, including the use of a blocking oligonucleotide. Using bear diet as a study case, the issues associated with omnivorous diets are discussed, particularly that of integrating several diet components. Finally, Chapter 17 develops several important methodological and experimental factors to consider in eDNA-based diet analyses. These comprise the source of eDNA, the quantitative aspects, and the use of diet as a proxy of surrounding biodiversity (e.g., as in the case of invertebrate samplers).
The Eloquence of Publius Sulpicius Rufus and Gaius Aurelius Cotta in Cicero’sBrutus
Authors: Casamento Alfredo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to investigate the personalities of Publius Sulpicius Rufus and Gaius Aurelius Cotta, which illustrate Roman eloquence at the beginning of the first century bc. Particular regard is given to the wide section of the Ciceronian Brutus, the treatise in which Rufus and Cotta are protagonists of an intense confrontation, in order to reflect on different styles of eloquence. At the same time, a survey on the characteristics of their eloquence, conducted in the absence of direct evidence that might provide objective information about their oratorical qualities, also makes it possible to analyse the importance (and in some cases the indispensability) of Cicero’s opinion.
Netting the Wolf-Fish
Authors: Dugan John 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter offers a close reading of a single oratorical fragment, a passage ascribed to the second-century bc orator C. Titius quoted by Macrobius (Sat. 3.16.15‒16). The chapter explores the range of contexts we can use as readers to try to make sense of the passage, suggesting that quotation practices can illuminate aspects of the quoted text we miss if we concentrate simply on the testimonia to Titius’ activity as an orator as traditionally understood. In this particular case, attention to Macrobius’ concern with luxury and consumption, and the emblematic wolf-fish, also points towards a more general understanding of the use of fragments in antiquity as material for the quoting author to digest and transform.
Gaius Titius,OratorandPoeta.(Cic.Brut.167 and Macrob.Sat.3.16.4–16)
Authors: Cavarzere Alberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStarting with an analysis of a section of Cicero’s history of Roman oratory,Brutus (167). the intention of this chapter is to throw new light on the biography and oratorical activity of C. Titius, who was active in the second century bc. First of all, the chapter aims to delineate the chronological contours of Titius’ life through the evidence gained from an examination of an extract from the Saturnalia by fifth-century ad writer Macrobius (3.16.15 s.), in which a broad fragment of Titius’ suasio legis Fanniae is presented. In the second place, the chapter offers some hypothesis on the activity of Titius as a dramatic poet.
Traces ofActioin Fragmentary Roman Orators
Authors: Balbo Andrea 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCollecting references to the actio of fragmentary orators, this chapter explores the theoretical aspects of using the whole body (including both the speaker’s vocal delivery and his body language,) in public speaking. The evidence, despite its fragmentary nature, is contextualized using the advice given by the ancient rhetorical handbooks of Cicero and Quintilian on oratorical delivery, and related to modern theories of communication. The lack of a precise theoretical framework for actio in antiquity is argued to have allowed ancient theoreticians and practitioners considerable freedom for the representation and adoption of various elements of non-vocal delivery in their treatises and speeches.
I Said, He Said
Authors: Rosillo-López Cristina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter analyses Republican fragments of informal conversations. Elite informal conversations (frequently defined as sermo by the sources) were an everyday event in politics. Informal exchanges framed the way in which political deals were made, opinions were tentatively questioned, news circulated, and Roman senators looked for information. They constituted part of public speech and of political communication, although just at their limits and in a grey zone. There were no parties in Rome, and no stable political agreements either, but short-term alliances. Therefore, senators had to be constantly looking for new allies. In this context, informal conversations were crucial. This necessity of contacts was based on socialization, which provided the opportunity for meetings that allowed time to discuss politics. Therefore, the analysis of fragments of informal conversations illuminates the use of rhetoric in unofficial settings and moments, but also exposes how such informal meetings defined late Republican politics.
Testimony, Error, and Reasonable Belief in Medieval Religious Epistemology
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Aquinas generally adopts a fallibilist epistemology, according to which it is often impossible to have good internalist justification for a belief. In line with this, he adopts a fully externalist account of the reasonableness of divine faith. Faith is justified if and only if it is caused in the believer by God. Scotus is more optimistic about the prospects for internalist justification generally. Hence, he believes that it is possible to have justified belief even on the basis of merely human testimony. The views that the two thinkers adopt on the theological question are thus wholly parasitic on prior epistemological commitments.
Reasoning with Plenitude
Authors: White Roger 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
There is a wide variety of religious opinion in the world. Given the way these views conflict, at most only some fraction can be true. Some see this as raising a skeptical problem for religious belief: How can you tell that you are among the lucky few whose religious views are right? Now perhaps, as some scientists insist, our universe is infinite. In an infinite universe we can expect infinite variety. That includes an infinite variety of opinion on every matter under the sun. Take any crazy view you like and in an infinite universe we can expect there to be very smart people out there somewhere—indeed infinitely many of them—who hold that very view. What impact does this have on the epistemological problem of religious diversity? Answer: not much. But most of the fun lies on the route to this deflationary conclusion.
Soft QCD
Authors: Campbell John , Huston Joey , Krauss Frank 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In Chapter 7, we discuss various aspects of the strong interaction containing a strong non-perturbative or low-scale component. We first briefly summarise the treatment of the total and inelastic cross sections through the analyticity of the scattering amplitude, which leads to the language of Regge poles. We introduce multiple parton interactions, with the underlying theoretical ideas for their description mainly driven by experimental data, before remarking on double parton scattering. Hadronisation, i.e. the transition from the parton of perturbation theory to the observable hadrons, is introduced by first using the idea of fragmentation functions and then discussing two popular phenomenological models describing this transition. We conclude this chapter by remarking on some ideas concerning the description of hadron decays through effective models.
Development of a Test Battery for Evaluating Speech Perception in Complex Listening Environments: Effects of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Phatak Sandeep A. , Sheffield Benjamin M. , Brungart Douglas S. , Grant Ken W. 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To evaluate the speech-in-noise performance of listeners with different levels of hearing loss in a variety of complex listening environments.

Design:
The quick speech-in-noise (QuickSIN)-based test battery was used to measure the speech recognition performance of listeners with different levels of hearing loss. Subjective estimates of speech reception thresholds (SRTs) corresponding to 100% and 0% speech intelligibility, respectively, were obtained using a method of adjustment before objective measurement of the actual SRT corresponding to 50% speech intelligibility in every listening condition.

Results:
Of the seven alternative listening conditions, two conditions, one involving time-compressed, reverberant speech (TC+Rev), and the other (N0Sπ) having in-phase noise masker (N0) and out-of-phase target (Sπ), were found to be substantially more sensitive to the effect of hearing loss than the standard QuickSIN test. The performance in these two conditions also correlated with self-reported difficulties in attention/concentration during speech communication and in localizing the sound source, respectively. Hearing thresholds could account for about 50% or less variance in SRTs in any listening condition. Subjectively estimated SRTs (SRTs corresponding to 0% and 100% speech intelligibility) were highly correlated with the objective SRT measurements (SRT corresponding to 50% speech intelligibility).

Conclusions:
A test battery that includes the TC+Rev and the N0Sπ conditions would be useful in identifying individuals with hearing loss with speech-in-noise deficits in everyday communication.
Progression of Adjacent-level Degeneration After Lumbar Total Disc Replacement
Authors: Zigler Jack E. , Blumenthal Scott L. , Guyer Richard D. , Ohnmeiss Donna D. , Patel Leena 
Published: March 2018

Study Design.
Post-hoc analysis of 5-year follow-up data from a randomized, multicenter trial.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of progression in radiographic adjacent-level degeneration (ΔALD) from preoperative assessment to 5 years after total disc replacement (TDR) and the relationship of these changes with range of motion and clinical adjacent-level disease. A secondary objective was to compare adjacent-level degeneration (ALD) outcomes between TDR and fusion.

Summary of Background Data.
Fusion is associated with high rates of ALD in symptomatic lumbar disc degeneration. TDR may reduce this risk.

Methods.
In total, 175 patients with single-level, symptomatic, lumbar disc degeneration who had received activL or ProDisc-L and had a preoperative and 5-year postoperative radiograph available were included. Over 5-year follow-up, ΔALD was defined as an increase in ALD of ≥1 grade and clinical ALD was defined as surgical treatment at the level adjacent to an index TDR. Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons were conducted to compare ALD outcomes after TDR (current trial) with those after fusion (published trial).

Results.
At 5-year follow-up, 9.7% (17/175) of TDR patients had ΔALD at the superior level. In patients with preoperative ALD at the superior level, most (88% [23/26]) showed no radiographic progression over 5 years. The rate of clinical ALD was 2.3% (4/175) and none of these patients had ALD at baseline. For each degree of range of motion gained at the TDR level, there was a consistent decrease in the percentage of patients with ΔALD. After matching and adjustment of baseline characteristics, TDR had a significantly lower likelihood of ΔALD than fusion (odds ratio 0.32; 95% confidence interval 0.13, 0.76).

Conclusion.
The rates of ΔALD and clinical ALD in this TDR population were similar to those previously reported in the literature for TDR at 5-year follow-up. TDR had a significantly lower rate of ΔALD than fusion.

Level of Evidence: 3
Extensive Myocardial Calcification in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Kapandji Natacha , Redheuil Alban , Fouret Pierre , Hékimian Guillaume , Lebreton Guillaume , Bréchot Nicolas , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Cluzel Philippe , Combes Alain , Schmidt Matthieu 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
To describe an unusual complication on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Data Sources:
Clinical observation.

Study Selection:
Case report.

Data Extraction:
Relevant clinical information.

Data Synthesis:
We report the cases of three young patients who developed extensive myocardial calcifications on prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with septic cardiomyopathy, postresuscitation cardiogenic shock, and septic shock complicating severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively. Extensive myocardial calcifications were confirmed by echocardiography, CT, and cardiac biopsy. The combination of multiple factors, for example, prolonged hemodynamic failure, profound acidosis, high vasopressor doses, and renal failure, may lead to this unusual and severe complication.

Conclusions:
Intensivists should be aware of this rare but rapid complication on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support that may directly impact outcome. The precise role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in the timing and frequency of new-onset diffuse myocardial calcification deserves further investigation.
Small Subset of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Skin Is Associated With Alterations of the MYBL1 Gene Similar to Their Extracutaneous Counterparts
Authors: Kyrpychova Liubov , Vanecek Tomas , Grossmann Petr , Martinek Petr , Steiner Petr , Hadravsky Ladislav , Belousova Irena E. , Shelekhova Ksenya V. , Svajdler Marian , Dubinsky Pavol , Michal Michal , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm histologically identical to homonymous tumors in other organs. Cutaneous ACC has been found to harbor MYB gene activations, either through MYB chromosomal abnormalities or by generation of the MYB–NFIB fusion. In salivary gland ACC, in addition to the MYB gene, alterations in MYBL1, the gene closely related to MYB, have been reported. We studied 10 cases of cutaneous ACC (6 women, 4 men; and age range 51–83 years) for alterations in the MYB, NFIB, and MYBL1 genes, using FISH and PCR. MYB break-apart and NFIB break-apart tests were positive in 4 and 5 cases, respectively. MYB–NFIB fusions were found in 4 cases. The break of MYBL1 was found in 2 cases, and in one of them, the NFIB break-apart probe was positive, strongly indicating a MYBL1–NFIB fusion. In 2 cases, the MYB break-apart test was positive, whereas no MYB–NFIB was detected, strongly suggesting another fusion partner. It is concluded that MYBL1 alterations are detected in primary cutaneous ACC but are apparently less common compared with MYB and NFIB alterations.
Predictors of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Nonresponse and Racial Disparities in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Clark Daniel E. , Denby Kara J. , Kaufman Laura M. , Fill Mary-Margaret A. , Piya Bhinnata , Krishnaswami Shanthi , Fonnesbeck Christopher , Halasa Natasha 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in American children. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) nonresponse is a known risk factor for cardiac sequelae. Previously reported risk factors for nonresponse include age, male sex and laboratory abnormalities. We set out to identify additional risk factors for IVIG nonresponse in a racially diverse KD population.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review at a referral center in the Southeastern United States of children meeting ICD-9 (International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems) criteria for KD and being treated with IVIG.

Results:
Four-hundred and fifty-nine children met inclusion criteria, 67 were excluded for subsequent rheumatologic diagnosis, unknown race, or failure to meet the American Heart Association guideline criteria. Our final cohort consisted of 392 subjects, with median age of 2.7 years, 65.1% male, 66.1% White, 24.2% Black, 4.9% Asian and 82.9% responded to a single dose of IVIG. Coronary ectasia or aneurysm developed in 27%; 7.4% developed aneurysms and 2.3% giant coronary aneurysms. Nonresponders were more likely to be Black, have higher white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, lower hemoglobin, develop ectasia or aneurysm and require critical care and hospital readmission. Responders achieved echocardiographic normalization more often compared with nonresponders (81.3% vs. 60.9%, P = 0.002) and coronary artery pseudonormalization (87.2% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.03) at 1 year. Black nonresponders had the slowest normalization at 1 year (52.9%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Nonresponders have higher rates and greater severity of coronary involvement than responders. Our study uniquely demonstrates Black race as a risk factor for nonresponse and for delayed normalization of cardiac involvement at 1-year follow-up.
Statistical Modeling for Quality Assurance of Human Papillomavirus DNA Batch Testing
Authors: Beylerian Emily N. , Slavkovsky Rose C. , Holme Francesca M. , Jeronimo Jose A. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives
Our objective was to simulate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test results from a 96-well microplate assay to identify results that may be consistent with well-to-well contamination, enabling programs to apply specific quality assurance parameters.

Materials and Methods
For this modeling study, we designed an algorithm that generated the analysis population of 900,000 to simulate the results of 10,000 microplate assays, assuming discrete HPV prevalences of 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, and 16%. Using binomial draws, the algorithm created a vector of results for each prevalence and reassembled them into 96-well matrices for results distribution analysis of the number of positive cells and number and size of cell clusters (≥2 positive cells horizontally or vertically adjacent) per matrix.

Results
For simulation conditions of 12% and 16% HPV prevalence, 95% of the matrices displayed the following characteristics: 5 to 17 and 8 to 22 total positive cells, 0 to 4 and 0 to 5 positive cell clusters, and largest cluster sizes of up to 5 and up to 6 positive cells, respectively.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that screening programs in regions with an oncogenic HPV prevalence of 12% to 16% can expect 5 to 22 positive results per microplate in approximately 95% of assays and 0 to 5 positive results clusters with no cluster larger than 6 positive results. Results consistently outside of these ranges deviate from what is statistically expected and could be the result of well-to-well contamination. Our results provide guidance that laboratories can use to identify microplates suspicious for well-to-well contamination, enabling improved quality assurance.
Prevalence of Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Lean Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Conjeevaram Selvakumar Praveen Kumar , Kabbany Mohammad Nasser , Lopez Rocio , Rayas Maria S , Lynch Jane L , Alkhouri Naim 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can develop in lean subjects referred to as lean NAFLD. We aim to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in lean adolescents in the United States (US).Methods:Cross sectional data from 1482 lean subjects (body mass index <85th percentile) ages between 12 and 18 years, who were enrolled in the National Health and Examination Survey during the 2005 to 2014 cycles were included. We defined suspected NAFLD as alanine aminotransferase >25.8 U/L for boys and >22.1 U/L for girls; hypertriglyceridemia as triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; low HDL as HDL <40 mg/dL and insulin resistance (IR) as homeostatic model assessment of IR ≥3.Results:The mean weighted prevalence of suspected NAFLD among lean adolescents during 2005 to 2014 cycles was 8% (95% CI 6.2–9.9). Lean subjects with suspected NAFLD were significantly older compared with lean non‐NAFLD subjects (15.5 vs 15 years, P value <0.05). Low HDL (15.5% vs 6.8%; P value 0.016) and hypertriglyceridemia (10% vs 3.9%; P value 0.028) were also found to be more common among lean NAFLD subjects compared with their non‐NAFLD counterparts. Presence of IR increased the risk of having suspected NAFLD by 4‐fold among lean adolescents. Non‐Hispanic black lean adolescents were less likely to have suspected NAFLD compared with non‐Hispanic white lean adolescents.Conclusions:The estimated prevalence of suspected NAFLD among lean adolescents in the US was found to be 8% with evidence of metabolic derangements such as low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia, and IR.
H3K4 Methylation Regulates LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Release in Macrophages
Authors: Zhao Shuqi , Zhong Yuyun , Fu Xiaoxia , Wang Yiqian , Ye Ping , Cai Junwei , Liu Yun , Sun Jiang , Mei Zhuzhong , Jiang Yong , Liu Jinghua 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Histone methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that plays an essential role in regulating gene expression in mammalian cells. To understand its influence on inflammation, methylation of H3K4, H3K9, H3K36, H3K79, and H4K20, the most common histones methylated in the inflammatory response was analyzed in murine RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. LPS stimulation resulted in enhanced methylation at H3K4 and H3K9 in both RAW264.7 and BMDMs. To further confirm whether LPS-stimulated H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 were responsible for subsequent proinflammatory cytokine expression, the recruitment of H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 at the promoters of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was assessed. H3K4me2, but not H3K9me2, was enriched at the promoters of both IL-6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated gene expression and release of IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly suppressed in macrophages by MTA, a specific inhibitor of H3K4 methylation. These results demonstrate that histone methylation, in particular H3K4me2, plays a critical role in the regulation of LPS-induced expression and release of IL-6 and TNF-α.