bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding CO Shells in the Orion A Molecular Cloud
Authors: Feddersen Jesse R. , Arce Héctor G. , Kong Shuo , Shimajiri Yoshito , Nakamura Fumitaka , Hara Chihomi , Ishii Shun , Sasaki Kazushige , Kawabe Ryohei 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present the discovery of expanding spherical shells around low- to intermediate-mass young stars in the Orion A giant molecular cloud using observations of

12

CO

(1–0) and

13

CO

(1–0) from the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope. The shells have radii from 0.05 to 0.85 pc and expand outward at 0.8–5 km s−1. The total energy in the expanding shells is comparable to protostellar outflows in the region. Together, shells and outflows inject enough energy and momentum to maintain the cloud turbulence. The mass-loss rates required to power the observed shells are two to three orders of magnitude higher than predicted for line-driven stellar winds from intermediate-mass stars. This discrepancy may be resolved by invoking accretion-driven wind variability. We describe in detail several shells in this paper and present the full sample in the online journal.
Dense Molecular Gas in the Nearby Low-metallicity Dwarf Starburst Galaxy IC 10
Authors: Kepley Amanda A. , Bittle Lauren , Leroy Adam K. , Jiménez-Donaire María J. , Schruba Andreas , Bigiel Frank , Gallagher Molly , Johnson Kelsey , Usero Antonio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Dense molecular gas and star formation are correlated in galaxies. The effect of low metallicity on this relationship is crucial for interpreting observations of high-redshift galaxies, which have lower metallicities than galaxies today. However, it remains relatively unexplored because dense molecular gas tracers like HCN and HCO+ are faint in low-metallicity systems. We present Green Bank Telescope observations of HCN(1–0) and HCO+(1–0) on giant molecular cloud (34 pc) scales in the nearby low-metallicity (

) starburst IC 10 and compare them to those in other galaxies. We detect HCN and HCO+ in one and three of five pointings, respectively. The

values are within the range seen in other galaxies, but are most similar to those seen in other low-metallicity sources and in starbursts. The detections follow the fiducial

–

and

–

relationships. These trends suggest that HCN and HCO+ can be used to trace dense molecular gas at metallicities of 1/4 Z
⊙, to first order. The dense gas fraction is similar to that in spiral galaxies, but lower than that in U/LIRGs. The dense molecular gas star formation efficiency, however, is on the upper end of those in normal galaxies and consistent with those in U/LIRGs. These results suggest that the CO and HCN/HCO+ emission occupy the same relative volumes as they do at higher metallicity, but that the entire emitting structure is reduced in size. Dense gas mass estimates for high-redshift galaxies may need to be corrected for this effect.
Developing the 3-point Correlation Function for the Turbulent Interstellar Medium
Authors: Portillo Stephen K. N. , Slepian Zachary , Burkhart Blakesley , Kahraman Sule , Finkbeiner Douglas P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present the first application of the angle-dependent 3-point Correlation Function (3PCF) to the density field magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence simulations intended to model interstellar (ISM) turbulence. Previous work has demonstrated that the angle-averaged bispectrum, the 3PCF’s Fourier-space analog, is sensitive to the sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers of turbulence. Here, we show that introducing angular information via multipole moments with respect to the triangle opening angle offers considerable additional discriminatory power to these parameters. We exploit a fast, order

N

g

log

N

g

(N
g is the number of grid cells used for a Fourier Transform) 3PCF algorithm to study a suite of MHD turbulence simulations with 10 different combinations of sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers over a range from subsonic to supersonic and sub-Alfvénic to super-Alfvénic. The 3PCF algorithm’s speed for the first time enables full quantification of the time-variation of our signal: we study nine timeslices for each condition, demonstrating that the 3PCF is sufficiently time-stable to be used as an ISM diagnostic. In the future, applying this framework to 3D dust maps will enable better treatment of dust as a cosmological foreground, as well as reveal the conditions in the ISM that shape star formation.
The Infrared Emission and Opening Angle of the Torus in Quasars
Authors: Zhuang Ming-Yang , Ho Luis C. , Shangguan Jinyi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
According to the unified model of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), a putative dusty torus plays an important role in determining an AGN’s external appearance. However, information on the physical properties of the torus is very scarce. We perform detailed decomposition of the infrared (1–500 μm) spectral energy distribution of 76 z < 0.5 Palomar-Green quasars, combining photometric data from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Herschel with Spitzer spectroscopy. Our fits favor recent torus spectral models that properly treat the different sublimation temperatures of silicates and graphite and consider a polar wind component. The AGN-heated dust emission from the torus contributes a significant fraction (∼70%) of the total infrared (1–1000 μm) luminosity. The torus luminosity correlates well with the strength of the ultraviolet/optical continuum and the broad Hβ emission line, indicating a close link between the central ionization source and re-radiation by the torus. Consistent with the unified model, most quasars have tori that are only mildly inclined along the line of sight. The half-opening angle of the torus, a measure of its covering factor, declines with increasing accretion rate until the Eddington ratio reaches ∼0.5, above which the trend reverses. This behavior likely results from the change of the geometry of the accretion flow, from a standard geometrically thin disk at moderate accretion rates, to a slim disk at high accretion rates.
Sequential Eruptions Triggered by Flux Emergence: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Dacie S. , Török T. , Démoulin P. , Linton M. G. , Downs C. , Driel-Gesztelyi L. van , Long D. M. , Leake J. E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We describe and analyze observations by the Solar Dynamics Observatory of the emergence of a small, bipolar active region within an area of unipolar magnetic flux that was surrounded by a circular, quiescent filament. Within only 8 hours from the start of the emergence, a partial splitting of the filament and two consecutive coronal mass ejections took place. We argue that all three dynamic events occurred as a result of particular magnetic-reconnection episodes between the emerging bipole and the pre-existing coronal magnetic field. To substantiate our interpretation, we consider 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations that model the emergence of magnetic flux in the vicinity of a large-scale coronal flux rope. The simulations qualitatively reproduce most of the reconnection episodes suggested by the observations, as well as the filament splitting, the first eruption, and the formation of sheared/twisted fields that may have played a role in the second eruption. Our results suggest that the position of emerging flux with respect to the background magnetic configuration is a crucial factor for the resulting evolution, while previous results suggest that parameters such as the orientation or the amount of emerging flux are important as well. This poses a challenge for predicting the onset of eruptions that are triggered by flux emergence, and calls for a detailed survey of the relevant parameter space by means of numerical simulations.
Procréation : l’ouverture de l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) aux couples de femmes et aux femmes seules emporte une série de questions dans son sillage (gratuité du don, levée de l’anonymat, rôle de la médecine)
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana 
Published: July 2018

États généraux de la bioéthique (rapport de synthèse du Comité consultatif national d’éthique) : premier billet
Reward preferences in South Africa’s media industry
Authors: Bussin Mark H.R. , Thabethe Nokwanda N. 
Published: July 2018

Orientation: Employee remuneration is a key driver of employee engagement and thus organisational performance. A thorough understanding of employee needs is essential to enable management to develop an equitable mix in reward strategy.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine context-specific reward preferences in order to determine the overall reward preferences of employees in the media industry with the aim of improving existing reward strategies.Motivation for the study: The focus on reward preferences has emerged as a critical element in identifying what really motivates productive behaviour within the workplace. A better understanding of reward preferences is required to find ways to improve performance within the world of work.Research approach/design and method: The research was a quantitative, empirical and descriptive study of reward preferences in an industry-specific context. A self-administered survey was used as a measure and analysed using non-parametric tests to identify variances between dependent and independent groups, testing for internal consistency and non-parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA).Main findings: The following five reward preferences were rated as most important by participants: base pay or salary, merit increase that is linked to personal performance, incentives and bonus, safety and security at the workplace, and market-related salary. The results indicated that monthly salary (base pay) is the most preferred and/or significant reward category in attracting, retaining and motivating employees.Practical/managerial implications: Managers in South Africa’s media industry should investigate their organisations’ rewards through the perspective of the total rewards concept to assess and develop an equitable mix in reward strategy. A comprehensive analysis of reward preferences is required to ensure that all aspects that promote the attraction, retention and motivation of employees are taken into consideration. The importance of base pay should not be under-estimated as it represents the most significant reward preference for employees in the South African media industry.Contribution/value add: This study adds to the body of social science research, providing a deeper understanding of reward preferences, specifically in the context-specific setting.
Comprehensive analysis of the start-up period of a full-scale drinking water biofilter provides guidance for optimization
Authors: Ramsay Loren , Breda Inês L. , Søborg Ditte A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The use of biofilters to produce drinking water from anaerobic
groundwater is widespread in some European countries. A major disadvantage of
biofilters is the long start-up period required for virgin filter medium to
become fully functional. Although individual aspects of biofilter start-up
have previously been investigated, no comprehensive study in full scale using
inherent inoculation has previously been documented. A thorough investigation
of a full-scale drinking water biofilter was carried out over 10 weeks of
start-up. The many spatial and temporal changes taking place during start-up
were documented using a holistic approach. In addition to collection of many
samples over time (frequency) and space (filter depth), this study entailed
the use of multiple sample media (water, backwash water and filter media) and
multiple types of analyses (physical, chemical and microbiological). The
decrease in filter effluent concentrations of individual substances to
compliance levels followed a specific order that was shown to coincide with
the spatiotemporal development of bacteria on the filter media. Due to the
abiotic nature of the iron removal process, iron disappears at the earliest
in the start-up period followed by substances that require growth of
microorganisms. Ammonium disappears next, with nitrite appearing briefly near
the end of ammonium removal, followed by manganese. The thorough overall
picture obtained by these efforts provides guidance for optimization and
monitoring of the start-up. Guidance for optimization includes shortening the
start-up by focusing on kick-starting the ammonium removal; limiting the
monitoring burden (at-line measurements of ammonium in finished water
supplemented with manual manganese measurements when ammonium removal is
complete); and improving filter design by isolating the removal processes in
separate, smaller filters.
Nitrogen attenuation, dilution and recycling in the intertidal hyporheic zone of a subtropical estuary
Authors: Lamontagne Sébastien , Cosme Frédéric , Minard Andrew , Holloway Andrew 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Tidal estuarine channels have complex and dynamic interfaces controlled by
upland groundwater discharge, waves, tides and channel velocities that also
control biogeochemical processes within adjacent sediments. In an Australian
subtropical estuary, discharging groundwater with elevated
(> 300 mg N L−1) NH4+ and NO3-
concentrations had 80 % of the N attenuated at this interface, one of the
highest N removal rates (> 100 mmol m−2 day−1)
measured for intertidal sediments. The remaining N was also diluted by a
factor of 2 or more by mixing with surface water before being discharged to
the estuary. Most of the mixing occurred in a hyporheic zone in the upper
50 cm of the channel bed. However, groundwater entering this zone was
already partially mixed (12 %–60 %) with surface water via tide-induced
circulation. Below the hyporheic zone (50–125 cm below the channel bed),
NO3- concentrations declined slightly faster than
NH4+ concentrations and δ15NNO3 and
δ18ONO3 gradually increased, suggesting a co-occurrence
of anammox and denitrification. In the hyporheic zone,
δ15NNO3 continued to become enriched (consistent with
either denitrification or anammox) but δ18ONO3 became
more depleted (indicating some nitrification). A high
δ15NNO3 (23 ‰–35 ‰) and a low
δ18ONO3 (1.2 ‰–8.2 ‰) in all porewater samples
indicated that the original synthetic nitrate pool (industrial
NH4NO3; δ15N ∼ 0 ‰;
δ18O ∼ 18 ‰–20 ‰) had turned over completely during
transport in the aquifer before reaching the channel bed. Whilst porewater
NO3- was more δ18O depleted than its synthetic source,
porewater δ18OH2O (−3.2 ‰ to −1.8 ‰) was
enriched by 1 ‰–4 ‰ relative to rainfall-derived groundwater mixed
with seawater. Isotopic fractionation from H2O uptake during the N
cycle and H2O production during synthetic NO3-
reduction are the probable causes for this δ18OH2O
enrichment. Whilst occurring at a smaller spatial scale than tide-induced
circulation, hyporheic exchange can provide a similar magnitude of mixing and
biogeochemical transformations for groundwater solutes discharging through
intertidal zones.
Excavating the Centrality of Materiality for a Posthuman “Anthropomediality”: Steps toward an Ecological Approach
Authors: Micali Alberto , Pasqualini Nicolò 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe concept of “anthropomediality” traces a new path for the anthropological study of media, moving toward the posthuman. Matter here is central, signaling incarnated relations between humans and technologies. This article proposes a theoretical and programmatic delineation of a relational tool: an ecological approach that focuses on materiality in the form of an analysis of strata by means of an excavating movement.
Evaluation of an enhanced recovery protocol on patients having radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Bonnie , Domes Trustin , Jana Kunal 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are multimodal perioperative care protocols that are designed to shorten recovery time and reduce complication rates.1,2 An ERAS protocol was implemented in the Saskatoon Health region for radical cystectomy patients in 2013. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the protocol for patients having radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.
Methods: Length of stay (LOS), early in-hospital complication rates, 30-day readmission rates, age, and gender were collected for patients seen for bladder cancer requiring radical cystectomy in Saskatoon between January 2007 and December 2016. Of these patients, 176 were pre-ERAS implementation (control group) and 84 were post-ERAS implementation (experimental group). The data from each variable was compared between the groups using a Z-test.
Results: There was no significant difference in age or gender of patients between the groups. Average LOS pre-ERAS was 14.25±14.57 days, which is significantly longer than the post-ERAS average of 10.91±8.56 days (p=0.043). There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission rate (19.87% pre-ERAS vs. 19.05% post-ERAS; p=0.873) or complication rate (51.7% pre-ERAS vs. 46.4% post-ERAS; p=0.425).
Conclusions: The implementation of an ERAS protocol for radical cystectomy reduces LOS, with no effect on early complication rates or 30-day readmission rates. This indicates that the protocol is safe for patients when compared to previous practices and is an effective means of reducing LOS.
Utility of Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase Compared With BAP1 Immunohistochemistry, and CDKN2A and NF2 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Separating Reactive Mesothelial Proliferations From Epithelioid Malignant Mesotheliomas
Authors: Berg Kyra B. , Dacic Sanja , Miller Caitlyn , Cheung Simon , Churg Andrew 
Published: July 2018

Context.—
The separation of reactive from malignant mesothelial proliferations is often a difficult morphologic problem. There is contradictory information in the literature on whether methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) immunohistochemistry can be used for this purpose.

Objective.—
To determine the utility of MTAP immunohistochemistry in distinguishing reactive from malignant mesothelial proliferations.

Design.—
We stained a tissue microarray containing 20 epithelioid malignant mesotheliomas and 17 reactive mesothelial proliferations. For the mesotheliomas, comparisons were made between MTAP staining and BRCA-associated nuclear protein 1 (BAP1) immunohistochemistry, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) fluorescence in situ hybridization, and neurofibromin 2 (NF2) fluorescence in situ hybridization, which are established techniques for making this separation.

Results.—
Loss of MTAP was seen in 0 of 17 reactive mesothelial proliferations and 13/20 (65%) malignant mesotheliomas. Almost all cases with loss showed loss in 100% of mesothelial cells. Background inflammatory and stromal cells served as a positive internal control. CDKN2A fluorescence in situ hybridization on the mesotheliomas showed concordance with MTAP staining in 14 of 17 evaluable cases. BAP1 immunohistochemistry showed loss of nuclear staining in 11 of 20 mesotheliomas (55%). No cases showed loss of NF2. A total of 18 of 20 mesotheliomas (90%) showed loss of either MTAP or BAP1.

Conclusions.—
In the context of a mesothelial proliferation, loss of MTAP staining is 100% specific for malignant mesothelioma. In this study the combination of MTAP and BAP1 immunohistochemical staining allowed separation of reactive from epithelial malignant mesothelial proliferations in 90% of cases.
Catastrophic Health Expenditures for In-State and Out-of-State Abortion Care
Authors: Wasser Ortal , Ralph Lauren J. , Kaller Shelly , Biggs M. Antonia 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceMost US individuals who access abortion care pay out of pocket due to insurance coverage restrictions on abortion. More research is needed on the financial and psychological burdens of abortion seeking, particularly for those traveling across state lines for care.ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of patients seeking abortion who incur abortion-related catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs), assess whether CHE differs between those seeking care in state vs out of state, and examine the association of CHE with mental health symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study conducted before the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision, surveys were administered between January and June 2019 among individuals aged 15 to 45 years seeking abortion in 4 clinics located in abortion-supportive states (California, Illinois, and New Mexico). Participants completed self-administered questionnaires while awaiting their abortion appointment. Analyses were conducted from November 2023 to April 2024.ExposureTravel for abortion care, categorized as either out of state or in state based on participants’ state of residence and the clinic location.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported abortion care costs and additional non–health care costs (eg, transportation, accommodation, and missed work), which were considered catastrophic if they were 40% or greater of participants’ ability to pay (defined as monthly income remaining after meeting subsistence needs). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between CHE, out-of-state travel for abortion care, and mental health symptoms including stress, anxiety, and depression.ResultsAmong the 675 participants included in the analytic sample, mean (SD) age was 27.33 (6.27) years; most were in their 20s (374 [55%]), and all but 196 (29%) sought abortion before or at 12 weeks’ gestation. A total of 285 participants (42%) were estimated to incur abortion-related CHEs, which was associated with anxiety (APR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.19) and depression (APR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.39). Of people traveling from out of state (212 [31%]), more were likely to incur CHEs (138 [65%]) compared with those seeking care in state (147 of 463 [32%]) (APR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.67-3.00).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of US patients seeking abortion, many individuals and their households were estimated to incur CHEs, particularly those traveling from out of state. The financial and psychological burdens of abortion seeking have likely worsened after the Dobbs decision, as more people need to cross state lines to reach abortion care. The findings suggest expansion of insurance coverage to ensure equitable access to abortion care, irrespective of people’s state of residence, is needed.