bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Board independence and information asymmetry: family firms vs non-family firms
Authors: Wu Kean , Sorensen Susan , Sun Li 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of independent directors in reducing firms’ information asymmetry. Moreover, the authors enrich this investigation by differentiating the effectiveness of independent directors in an intriguing comparative setting of family vs non-family firms. Family firms are used to represent an interesting environment where controlling insiders (i.e. firms’ founding families) have dominant control over corporate decisions. This study addresses the question of whether controlling-insiders dominate independent directors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors manually collect firms’ founder information to identify family firm status in a sample of S&P 500 firms. Following a large literature in capital market research, the authors proxy information asymmetry by trading volume, bid-ask spread and price volatility. The authors employ multivariate regression with two-stage least square analysis, instrumental variable method, Heckman selection model and Hausman–Taylor model to address the issue of endogenous selection of board of director and family firm status.FindingsThe authors find a negative relation between the board independence and information asymmetry, suggesting independent directors are effective in reducing information asymmetry. Furthermore, the authors find this negative relation is stronger in family firms. These results are robust after controlling for the endogenous issues using various models.Research limitations/implicationsOur results suggest that independent directors in family-controlled firms are more successful in reducing information asymmetry than their counterparts in non-family firms. The authors provide direct evidence to support the existing theoretical arguments from Rediker and Seth (1995) and Anderson and Reeb (2004) that founding families and independent boards might be a powerful combination for aligning the interest of insider and diffused shareholders. The findings ease a prevalent concern that the role of independent directors might be compromised in an environment with controlling shareholders, and advocate regulations promoting board independence for various business practices.Originality/valueA number of studies concentrate on the practice of corporate disclosure of firm’s performance and governance and how corporate disclosure mitigates information asymmetry (Leuz and Verrecchia, 2000; Ali et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2008). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of independent directors in reducing information asymmetry. The research adds to understanding the incentives of board members and supports recent findings that different types of investors have heterogeneous incentives for corporate disclosure (Srinidhi et al., 2014).
The QEB questionnaire as an instrument to examine opinions on food and nutrition and indicators of the quality of diet
Authors: Wawrzyniak Agata , Woźniak Agnieszka Elżbieta , Anyzewska Anna , Kwiatkowska Małgorzata , Kołłajtis-Dołowy Anna 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the Questionnaire Eating Behaviours (QEB), developed by the Science Committee of Human Nutrition of the Polish Academy of Sciences, as an instrument to examine the opinions on food and nutrition and diet quality indicators in women in various age groups.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved 161 healthy Polish women aged 18–92, divided into four age groups to assess the QEB questionnaire, as an instrument to examine the opinions on food and nutrition and diet quality indicators.FindingsWomen provided statistically significant responses to 40 per cent of the statements in the test. In the case of 60 per cent of responses proper answers increased with the age of the participant. Questionnaire determines that people whose opinions were more compliant with nutritional knowledge more often applied the principles of proper nutrition. Dependencies between the number of points from the test of opinions about food and nutrition and the Prohealthy-Diet-Index (pHDI-8) or the sum of points from the test and the Non-healthy-Diet-Index (nHDI-8) were indicated. People who obtained the higher pHDI-8 and the lower nHDI-8 coefficient better evaluated their diet.Originality/valueThe QEB questionnaire can be an effective, quick and cheap instrument recommended to examine the association between the opinion about food and nutrition and the quality of diet of people at various ages and useful in determining the directions of further education and improvement in the quality of diet, including its assessment in large population groups.
Food-based experiences as antecedents of destination loyalty
Authors: Di-Clemente Elide , Hernández-Mogollón José Manuel , Campón-Cerro Ana María 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the value of experientiality as a determining factor for destination loyalty (LOYD) in the context of culinary tourism. The present research sees in memorability (MEM), Quality of Life (QoL) and place attachment (PA) experiential variables driving future loyal intentions to revisit a certain place.

Design/methodology/approach
The causal relationships between the concepts have been analysed using structural equation modelling and the partial least squares technique.

Findings
Results achieved confirmed that new concepts should be considered in order to reach a better understanding of the current experiential phenomenon and to provide destinations and practitioners with new strategies in line with the requirements of the sector and the modern consumers’ expectations.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the application of a convenience sample, results should be understood within the context of this case study.

Practical implications
The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of delivering food-based experiences to travellers with the aim of generating a positive impact in individuals’ lives, beyond the holiday time. This can result in QoL and PA which are strong antecedent of future loyal intentions towards a destination.

Originality/value
This work represent one the first attempts to measure the experiential value of food-based experiences lived on holidays and its effect on marketing results. This research outlines useful strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of destinations in the new experiential scenario.
How open is food innovation?The crispbread case
Authors: Grimsby Sveinung , Kure Cathrine Finne 
Published: June 2019

PurposeHow does the cereal industry innovate in selective partnerships? The purpose of this paper is to study the cereal industry and the crispbread success in terms of how different forms of openness jointly shape new product development (NPD).Design/methodology/approachA multiphase mixed methods design was used to combine three sets of data: a case study, sales figures and interviews with ten major actors in the Norwegian cereal industry.FindingsTransparency and interaction with machinery suppliers appear to result in a more successful type of innovation. In practice, companies are more open than, perhaps, they realise. Factors such as mutual trust, asset control and distribution are positive for openness in innovation processes with suppliers.Practical implicationsFuture actors such as suppliers, producers, distributors and policy makers in the food industry will benefit from trust and an open innovation (OI) mind-set during NPD.Originality/valuePrior to 2011, Norway had no large-scale commercial crispbread production. Six years later, Norwegian production nears the sales figures of the leading Swedish brand Wasa. Is this due to OI? Understanding various forms of selective partnership, collaboration and trust among actors in the food industry is valuable for future growth.
Food plate waste: factors influencing insinuated intention in a university food service setting
Authors: Zhao Xingyi , Manning Louise 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the factors that influence food plate waste in a UK university food service setting and the insinuated intention to waste food among staff and students.

Design/methodology/approach
The study conducted empirical research using an online questionnaire (n=260) at the university. The data were analysed descriptively and inferentially by IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.

Findings
Multiple factors influence the level of food plate waste including gender, different categories of food, plate size, portion size and palatability. Two recommendations to reduce plate food waste in the university food service setting include providing a variation in plate size and pricing strategy by portion rather than a whole meal, and communicating with staff and students in the food service setting.

Research limitations/implications
The research contributes, along with previous studies, by focussing here on participants’ food waste intention in food service settings and evidencing the factors of influence.

Originality/value
The research contributes to understanding on participants’ food waste intention in food service settings.
Orchestration and governance in digital platform ecosystems: a literature review and trends
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sandip , Bouwman Harry 
Published: June 2019

PurposeBecause of the attention increasingly being focused on digital transformation, interest in business models of platform-enabled ecosystems is rising rapidly. Although there are different theoretical views on the role of ecosystems, a synthesis of research, with a focus on governance and orchestration in dynamic, multi-industry eco-systems, is lacking.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted by following a rigorous search protocol in the scholarly databases covering both journal articles and conference papers These papers were subsequently filtered, and finally, 48 relevant papers were selected for analysis.FindingsThe review identifies five key aspects of platform governance design that need close consideration: the meta-organisation or ecosystem design, coordination mechanisms, mechanisms for value co-creation, value appropriation mechanisms and architectural principles. To achieve balance among a set of competing demands, platform leaders need to devote adequate attention to these aspects.Practical implicationsBased on a literature review, the authors provide an overview of underlying theoretical views, research methods and key trends to develop a sound theoretical grounding for research on platform governance design. The paper also suggests research gaps in the existing literature and sets directions for researchers to strengthen the understanding of effective platform governance design. The paper also provides valuable information to managers in developing or leading a successful platform ecosystem.Originality/valueThe paper uses existing literature published in this topic and original in nature.
Two integrable third-order and fifth-order KdV equations with time-dependent coefficients
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is concerned with developing two integrable Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equations of third- and fifth-orders; each possesses time-dependent coefficients. The study shows that multiple soliton solutions exist and multiple complex soliton solutions exist for these two equations.

Design/methodology/approach
The integrability of each of the developed models has been confirmed by using the Painlev´e analysis. The author uses the complex forms of the simplified Hirota’s method to obtain two fundamentally different sets of solutions, multiple real and multiple complex soliton solutions for each model.

Findings
The time-dependent KdV equations feature interesting results in propagation of waves and fluid flow.

Research limitations/implications
The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for constructing time-dependent integrable equations.

Practical implications
The author develops two time-dependent integrable KdV equations of third- and fifth-order. These models represent more specific data than the constant equations. The author showed that integrable equation gives real and complex soliton solutions.

Social implications
The work presents useful findings in the propagation of waves.

Originality/value
The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for constructing time-dependent integrable equations.
CFD-based blade shape optimization of MGT-70(3)axial flow compressor
Authors: Pakatchian Mohammad Reza , Saeidi Hossein , Ziamolki Alireza 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This study aims at enhancing the performance of a 16-stage axial compressor and improving the operating stability. The adopted approaches for upgrading the compressor are artificial neural network, optimization algorithms and computational fluid dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach
The process starts with developing several data sets for certain 2D sections by means of training several artificial neural networks (ANNs) as surrogate models. Afterward, the trained ANNs are applied to the 3D shape optimization along with parametrization of the blade stacking line. Specifying the significant design parameters, a wide range of geometrical variations are considered by implementation of appropriate number of design variables. The optimized shapes are analyzed by applying computational fluid dynamic to obtain the best geometry.

Findings
3D optimal results show improvements, especially in the case of decreasing or elimination of near walls corner separations. In addition, in comparison with the base geometry, numerical optimization shows an increase of 1.15 per cent in total isentropic efficiency in the first four stages, which results in 0.6 per cent improvement for the whole compressor, even while keeping the rest of the stages unchanged. To evaluate the numerical results, experimental data are compared with obtained data from simulation. Based on the results, the highest absolute relative deviation between experimental and numerical static pressure is approximately 7.5 per cent.

Originality/value
The blades geometry of an axial compressor used in a heavy-duty gas turbine is optimized by applying artificial neural network, and the results are compared with the base geometry numerically and experimentally.
Numerical solutions of the second-order dual-phase-lag equation using the explicit and implicit schemes of the finite difference method
Authors: Majchrzak Ewa , Mochnacki Bohdan 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the application of the finite difference method (FDM) for numerical modeling of the microscale heat transfer processes occurring in the domain of thin metal film subjected to a laser pulse. The problem discussed is described by the different variants of the second-order dual-phase-lag equation (DPLE). The laser action is taken into account by the introduction of internal volumetric heat source to the governing equation. The capacity of the source is dependent on the geometrical co-ordinates and duration of the laser beam. The modified forms of DPLE presented in the paper, resulting from the certain substitutions introduced to the basic equation.

Design/methodology/approach
At the stage of numerical computations, the different variants of the FDM are applied. Both the explicit and implicit FDM schemes are used. The formula determining the capacity of the internal heat source suggests the formulation of the task discussed using the cylindrical co-ordinate system. The in-house programs realizing the numerical computations concern the axially-symmetrical tasks. In this paper, the metal films made of the nickel and gold are considered.

Findings
The algorithms presented make possible to analyze the heating/cooling processes occurring in the domain of metal film having a thickness Z for the different laser parameters (laser intensity, characteristic time of laser pulse and laser beam radius) and the different materials (optical penetration depth, reflectivity of irradiated surface, lag times, thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat).

Research limitations/implications
Not for all metals, one can find information on lag times. In the literature, analytical formulas can be found to calculate these values, but they are strongly approximated. It should be pointed out that there are some limitations concerning the delay times of material considered, which assure the physical correctness of the second-order DPLE.

Originality/value
The FDM algorithm concerns the three-dimensional cylindrical domain while a large majority of the second-order DPLE numerical solutions have been obtained for the one-dimensional tasks. Both the implicit and explicit numerical schemes are proposed and the testing computations confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithms presented.
Effectiveness of improved Fourier-Fick laws in a stratified non-Newtonian fluid with variable fluid characteristics
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Naz Saira , Hayat Tasawar , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of improved Fourier–Fick laws subjected to variable fluid characteristics. Flow analysis in the stagnation region of Oldroyd-B fluid is elaborated. Heat generation is present.

Design/methodology/approach
Optimal homotopy analysis method is used to obtain convergent solutions.

Findings
The outcomes reveal reduction in penetration depths of temperature and concentration due to involvement of thermal and solutal relaxation times of fluxes.

Originality/value
As per the authors’ knowledge, such analysis has not yet been reported.
Turbulent forced convection in a shell and tube heat exchanger equipped with novel design of wing baffles
Authors: Youcef Ahmed , Saim Rachid , Öztop Hakan F. , Ali Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This work presents a numerical study of the dynamic and thermal behavior of a turbulent flow in a shell and tube heat exchanger equipped with a new design of baffle type wing. The implementation of this type of baffle makes it possible to lengthen the path of the fluid in the shell, to increase the heat flux exchanged on the one hand and is to capture the weakness of the shell and tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles on the other hand.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper aims to analyze numerically the thermo-convective behavior of water using CFD technique by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy by the finite volume method based on the SIMPLE algorithm for coupling velocity-pressure. To describe the turbulence phenomenon, the Realizable k–ε model is employed. The analysis is done for different mass flow rates. The parameters studied are: the fluid outlet temperature, the average heat transfer coefficient, the pressure drop, the total heat transfer rate, the effect of the geometric shape of the baffle on the thermal behavior. The purpose of this study is to propose a new design of a shell and tube heat exchanger with a high heat transfer coefficient and a lower pressure drop compared to a shell and tube heat exchanger with transverse and segmental baffles.

Findings
The results showed that the use of the wing baffles enhanced the heat transfer coefficient significantly and reduced the friction coefficient. Compared with segmental baffles, the wing baffles are 11.67, 18.53 and 11.5 per cent lower in the pressure drop and 1.79, 1.9 and 2.39 per cent higher in the Nusselt number for the three mass flow rates 0.5, 1 and 2 kg/s, respectively.

Originality/value
The originality of this work lies in proposing a three-dimensional analysis for a novel heat exchanger.
Harvesting tourists’ ideas through an idea contest
Authors: Lalicic Lidija , Dickinger Astrid 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This study aims to demonstrate how destination management organizations can fruitfully harvest users’ ideas by facilitating an online idea contest to enhance value creation and innovation processes. The structure of the idea quality, contest-related factors and user-related factors are investigated in relation to the overall quality of the ideas submitted by users.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 489 ideas were assessed based on the overall quality and effects of various factors. A structural model was tested to analyze the dimensions contributing to quality of the submissions that influence the overall idea quality. Furthermore, non-parametric tests were performed to reveal how specific user traits as well as contest-related traits relate to overall idea quality. Lastly, post-hoc analyses were performed to reveal if mean values differ among users who are grouped according to age, overall idea quality, place of residence and age at time of submission.

Findings
The study demonstrates that novelty, feasibility, relevance and elaboration explain overall idea quality. Only the age of the idea submitter exhibits an impact on the level of idea quality, wherein younger users tend to submit higher quality ideas. The areas of innovation significantly differ depending on the users’ place of residence and age. Moreover, none of the contest-related traits that were analyzed have an impact on the level of overall idea quality.

Practical implications
Marketing managers and destination management organizations are given a set of recommendations on how to facilitate internet-based participation tools, such as idea contests, to collect high-quality input from various user segments and, subsequently, to feed their value creation and innovation processes.

Originality/value
Within the field of tourism, the open tourism paradigm is relatively new. New insights into the role of online tools, and how they can be leveraged to harvest users’ ideas, as well as users’ capabilities for enhancing tourism firms’ value creation and innovation processes, are provided.
Beer style subcategories: persuading consumers to become loyal
Authors: Boger Jr Carl A. , Kwon Jookyung , Ritter Marisa 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Beer style consumers identify themselves more with a beer style, craft or national, rather than with brands. Tribal brand researchers have suggested that beer style consumers feel an intense sense of belonging to a beer style tribe, which may not lead to loyalty to their beer style. The purpose of this paper is to test whether public commitment to defend or spread positive word-of-mouth (WoM) about their beer style influences the development of loyalty among beer style consumers toward their beer style.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors surveyed 400 beer style consumers and used the structural equation modeling approach to examine the loyalty relationships between beer style consumers and their beer style. The authors followed Oliver’s cognitive-affective-conative loyalty framework to test these relationships. Then, the authors tested whether a verbal commitment to defend or spread positive WoM about their beer style strengthens loyalty between beer style consumers and their beer style.

Findings
Satisfaction of beer style consumers toward their beer style does not lead them to be willing to pay a premium price for their beer style. However, by including a public commitment to defend or spread positive WoM about their beer style, beer style consumers are more willing to pay a premium price for their beer style even in the presence of an intense sense of belonging to a beer style tribe.

Originality/value
Soliciting public commitment influences the development of loyalty among tribal consumers, which may also influence nontribal consumers. In addition, the inclusion of public commitment to Oliver’s loyalty framework, i.e., cognitive-affective-public commitment-conative, extends the use of Oliver’s model to consumer tribes. Finally, this study also suggests that the relationship between having a sense of belonging to a consumer tribe and willingness to pay a premium price can be influenced by a public commitment without first establishing brand satisfaction by consumers.