bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Influence of Climate Change on Grain Self‐Sufficiency at the Country Level Considering Adaptation Measures
Authors: Wei Taoyuan , Zhang Tianyi , Cui Xuefeng , Glomsrød Solveig , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, grain self‐sufficiency has been a key security issue for certain countries, such as Russia, China, India, and France. Climate change may affect agricultural production and possibly influence the grain self‐sufficiency of some countries, threatening their food security. This article provides an updated integrated assessment of the impact of climate change on grain self‐sufficiency at the country level. The study links climatic variables projected by global climate models to economic variables simulated by a global multiregion multisector economic model. Although climate change may considerably reduce land productivity, our simulation results show that climate change in the long term modestly impacts regional grain self‐sufficiency, as the direct effects on yield are largely canceled out by changes in grain production via adaptation measures taken by producers in response to market signals. Behavioral changes of consumers also contribute modestly to cancel out the adverse impact on land productivity. In the RCP8.5 climate change scenario, the adverse impact of climate change on land productivity in 2100 may reach to 25% of the current level, but declines to 5% when changes in production and consumption are considered, thus indicating the role of long‐term adaptation by economic agents.
The Effects of Crustal Magnetic Fields and Solar EUV Flux on Ionopause Formation at Mars
Authors: Chu F. , Girazian Z. , Gurnett D. A. , Morgan D. D. , Halekas J. , Kopf A. J. , Thiemann E. M. B. , Duru F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study the ionopause of Mars using a database of 6,893 ionopause detections obtained over 11 years by the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) experiment. The ionopause, in this work, is defined as a steep density gradient that appears in MARSIS remote sounding ionograms as a horizontal line at frequencies below 0.4 MHz. We find that the ionopause is located on average at an altitude of 363±65 km. We also find that the ionopause altitude has a weak dependence on solar zenith angle and varies with the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux on annual and solar cycle time scales. Furthermore, our results show that very few ionopauses are observed when the crustal field strength at 400 km is greater than 40 nT. The strong crustal fields act as minimagnetospheres that alter the solar wind interaction and prevent the ionopause from forming.
Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events Observed in Arctic Canada: 2. Multiple‐Instrument Observations
Authors: Engebretson M. J. , Steinmetz E. S. , Posch J. L. , Pilipenko V. A. , Moldwin M. B. , Connors M. G. , Boteler D. H. , Mann I. R. , Hartinger M. D. , Weygand J. M. , Lyons L. R. , Nishimura Y. , Singer H. J. , Ohtani S. , Russell C. T. , Fazakerley A. , Kistler L. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe rapid changes of magnetic fields associated with nighttime magnetic perturbations with amplitudes |ΔB| of hundreds of nanoteslas and 5‐ to 10‐min periods can induce bursts of geomagnetically induced currents that can harm technological systems. This paper presents three cases of intervals of intense and complex nighttime magnetic perturbations in eastern Arctic Canada in 2015, augmented by observations from auroral imagers and high‐altitude spacecraft in the nightside magnetosphere. Each case occurred within 1 hr after substorm onsets. None occurred during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm, and only the first during the early recovery phase (of a moderate storm). The cases were similar in that two or three intervals occurred in this region over a span of ~1 hr; these showed a spatial progression, in that successive intervals occurred later at more western and northern stations. During several intervals, individual peak Bx impulses occurred nearly simultaneously (within 1–2 min) at several stations, while during others the impulses occurred later at more western and northern stations, and during one interval they occurred later at southern stations. During both of the cases for which auroral images were available, a westward traveling surge and a poleward auroral expansion and/or poleward boundary intensification occurred, and during two events auroral streamers coincided in time and location with magnetic perturbations. These observations appear to be consistent with several earlier studies connecting nighttime magnetic perturbation events to localized auroral structures and to dipolarizing flux bundles and bursty bulk flows in the magnetotail.
Isopycnal Mixing in the North Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zone Revealed by RAFOS Floats
Authors: Rudnickas Donald , Palter Jaime , Hebert David , Rossby H. Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) is a biogeochemically important area. The low oxygen in this region is thought to be maintained by a balance between the slow mixing supply of O2 and its removal by respiration. We use data from 90 isopycnal RAFOS floats to characterize the mixing coefficients responsible for the supply of oxygen to the region. One group was ballasted to drift on the isopycnal where oxygen is at its minimum and the other about 300 m deeper. Using the record of the float positions at each 6‐hr interval, we calculate the relative dispersion of pairs of floats. The time derivative of this dispersion provides a diffusivity coefficient that captures the net effect of eddy‐driven mixing along each isopycnal. Float pairs deployed at shared locations but across the two target densities reveal that the influence of vertically sheared currents is to accelerate the dispersion by 10–15% relative to true isopycnal dispersion. Relative dispersion of the floats in the OMZ area obeyed the canonical four‐thirds power scaling, representative of two‐dimensional turbulence. At the length scale of the maximum energy‐containing eddy (approximately 100 km), the effective diffusivity is 1,400±500 m2/s in the zonal direction and 800±300 m2/s in the meridional. Within the uncertainty, the diffusivities on the two isopycnals are indistinguishable from one another. An idealized model suggests that meridional mixing across the large‐scale O2 gradient is the leading supply term of oxygen to the OMZ.
Temporal Modeling of Anomalous Coastal Sea Level Values Using Synoptic Climatological Patterns
Authors: Sheridan Scott C. , Lee Cameron C. , Adams Ryan E. , Smith Erik T. , Pirhalla Douglas E. , Ransibrahmanakul Varis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractShort‐term changes in sea level can have substantial impacts on coastlines, and increases in coastal flooding have been observed as the mean sea level continues to climb. While extreme events such as hurricanes have been well studied in terms of their impacts on anomalous sea level values, anomalous sea levels due to less extreme atmospheric events have been less well studied, despite the increases in nuisance flood events that have occurred. In this study, we assess the relationship between short‐term atmospheric circulation patterns and anomalous coastal sea level values for all oceanic tidal gauges in the conterminous United States for the period 1979–2016. Atmospheric patterns are depicted using self‐organizing maps for four variables: sea level pressure, 10‐m wind, 850‐mb temperature, and 700‐mb geopotential height. We then reconstruct the time series of anomalous sea level through nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous input (NARX models), an artificial neural network‐based time series model. Results show that these four atmospheric variables can successfully model sea level, with a correlation between model and observation using a closed‐loop (open‐loop) architecture of 0.83 (0.64), with a median absolute error of 3.34 (4.90) cm. The model generally performs better in winter than summer, and along the Pacific Coast than the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. By using the NARX methodology, we intend to next assess its utility as a forecasting tool.
Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Ebihara Yusuke , Willis David M. , Toriumi Shin , Iju Tomoya , Hattori Kentaro , Wild Matthew N. , Oliveira Denny M. , Ermolli Ilaria , Ribeiro José R. , Correia Ana P. , Ribeiro Ana I. , Knipp Delores J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Carrington event is considered to be one of the most extreme space weather events in observational history within a series of magnetic storms caused by extreme interplanetary coronal mass ejections from a large and complex active region that emerged on the solar disk. In this article, we study the temporal and spatial evolutions of the source sunspot active region and visual aurorae and compare this storm with other extreme space weather events on the basis of their auroral spatial evolution. Sunspot drawings by Schwabe, Secchi, and Carrington describe the position and morphology of the source active region at that time. Visual auroral reports from the Russian Empire, Iberia, Ireland, Oceania, and Japan fill the spatial gap of auroral visibility and revise the time series of auroral visibility in middle to low magnetic latitudes. The reconstructed time series is compared with magnetic measurements and shows the correspondence between low‐latitude to mid‐latitude aurorae and the phase of magnetic storms. The spatial evolution of the auroral oval is compared with those of other extreme space weather events in 1872, 1909, 1921, and 1989 as well as their storm intensity and contextualizes the Carrington event, as one of the most extreme space weather events, but likely not unique.
Soft-packaged sensory glove system for human-like natural interaction and control of prosthetic hands
Authors: Kim Min Ku , Parasuraman Ramviyas Nattanmai , Wang Liu , Park Yeonsoo , Kim Bongjoong , Lee Seung Jun , Lu Nanshu , Min Byung-Cheol , Lee Chi Hwan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeople with hand amputations experience strenuous daily life challenges, often leading to lifelong use of a prosthetic hand(s) and services. Modern advanced prosthetic hands must be able to provide human hand-like sensory perceptions to receive external stimuli during daily activities while simultaneously replicating a realistic appearance and physical properties to naturally integrate in social contexts; however, the practical realization of these issues are impeded by a lack of effective methodologies. Herein, we present an optimal set of materials, design layouts, and fabrication schemes to construct an easy-to-wear seamless electronic glove (e-glove) suitable for arbitrary hand shapes that provides all of the desired human hand-like features. The system configuration involves a connection to a control wristwatch unit for real-time display of sensory data measured and remote transmission to the user. The experimental and computational studies provide details regarding the underlying principles of the materials selection, mechanics design, and operational management of the entire system. The demonstration of the e-glove system in interactions with human subjects illustrates the utility, comfort, and convenience of this device.
An inoculum-dependent culturing strategy (IDC) for the cultivation of environmental microbiomes and the isolation of novel endophytic Actinobacteria
Authors: Sarhan Mohamed S. , Mourad Elhussein F. , Nemr Rahma A. , Abdelfadeel Mohamed R. , Daanaa Hassan-Sibroe A. , Youssef Hanan H. , Goda Hanan A. , Hamza Mervat A. , Fayez Mohamed , Eichler-Löbermann Bettina , Ruppel Silke , Hegazi Nabil A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe recent introduction of plant-only-based culture media enabled cultivation of not-yet-cultured bacteria that exceed 90% of the plant microbiota communities. Here, we further prove the competence and challenge of such culture media, and further introduce “the inoculum-dependent culturing strategy, IDC”. The strategy depends on direct inoculating plant serial dilutions onto plain water agar plates, allowing bacteria to grow only on the expense of natural nutrients contained in the administered inoculum. Developed colonies are successively transferred/subcultured onto plant-only-based culture media, which contains natural nutrients very much alike to those found in the prepared plant inocula. Because of its simplicity, the method is recommended as a powerful tool in screening programs that require microbial isolation from a large number of diverse plants. Here, the method comfortably and successfully recovered several isolates of endophytic Actinobacteria represented by the six genera of Curtobacterium spp., Plantibacter spp., Agreia spp., Herbiconiux spp., Rhodococcus spp., and Nocardioides spp. Furthermore, two of the isolates are most likely novel species belonging to Agreia spp. and Herbiconiux spp.
A null model of the mouse whole-neocortex micro-connectome
Authors: Reimann Michael W. , Gevaert Michael , Shi Ying , Lu Huanxiang , Markram Henry , Muller Eilif 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn connectomics, the study of the network structure of connected neurons, great advances are being made on two different scales: that of macro- and meso-scale connectomics, studying the connectivity between populations of neurons, and that of micro-scale connectomics, studying connectivity between individual neurons. We combine these two complementary views of connectomics to build a first draft statistical model of the micro-connectome of a whole mouse neocortex based on available data on region-to-region connectivity and individual whole-brain axon reconstructions. This process reveals a targeting principle that allows us to predict the innervation logic of individual axons from meso-scale data. The resulting connectome recreates biological trends of targeting on all scales and predicts that an established principle of scale invariant topological organization of connectivity can be extended down to the level of individual neurons. It can serve as a powerful null model and as a substrate for whole-brain simulations.
Atomic and electronic modulation of self-supported nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide to accelerate water splitting kinetics
Authors: Wang Dewen , Li Qun , Han Ce , Lu Qingqing , Xing Zhicai , Yang Xiurong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, ruthenium (Ru) and iridium (Ir) are introduced to tailor the atomic and electronic structure of self-supported nickel-vanadium (NiV) layered double hydroxide to accelerate water splitting kinetics, and the origin of high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities are analyzed at atomic level. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy studies reveal synergistic electronic interactions among Ni, V, and Ru (Ir) cations. Raman spectra and Fourier and wavelet transform analyses of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure indicate modulated local coordination environments around the Ni and V cations, and the existence of V vacancies. The Debye–Waller factor suggests a severely distorted octahedral V environment caused by the incorporation of Ru and Ir. Theoretical calculations further confirm that Ru or Ir doping could optimize the adsorption energy of intermediates in the Volmer and Heyrovsky steps for HER and accelerate the whole kinetic process for OER.
CSL controls telomere maintenance and genome stability in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Bottoni Giulia , Katarkar Atul , Tassone Beatrice , Ghosh Soumitra , Clocchiatti Andrea , Goruppi Sandro , Bordignon Pino , Jafari Paris , Tordini Fabio , Lunardi Thomas , Hoetzenecker Wolfram , Neel Victor , Lingner Joachim , Paolo Dotto G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenomic instability is a hallmark of cancer. Whether it also occurs in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) remains to be carefully investigated. Loss of CSL/RBP-Jκ, the effector of canonical NOTCH signaling with intrinsic transcription repressive function, causes conversion of dermal fibroblasts into CAFs. Here, we find that CSL down-modulation triggers DNA damage, telomere loss and chromosome end fusions that also occur in skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)-associated CAFs, in which CSL is decreased. Separately from its role in transcription, we show that CSL is part of a multiprotein telomere protective complex, binding directly and with high affinity to telomeric DNA as well as to UPF1 and Ku70/Ku80 proteins and being required for their telomere association. Taken together, the findings point to a central role of CSL in telomere homeostasis with important implications for genomic instability of cancer stromal cells and beyond.
Impaired mitochondrial calcium efflux contributes to disease progression in models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jadiya Pooja , Kolmetzky Devin W. , Tomar Dhanendra , Di Meco Antonio , Lombardi Alyssa A. , Lambert Jonathan P. , Luongo Timothy S. , Ludtmann Marthe H. , Praticò Domenico , Elrod John W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImpairments in neuronal intracellular calcium (iCa2+) handling may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Metabolic dysfunction and progressive neuronal loss are associated with AD progression, and mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is a key regulator of both of these processes. Here, we report remodeling of the mCa2+ exchange machinery in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with AD. In the 3xTg-AD mouse model impaired mCa2+ efflux capacity precedes neuropathology. Neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene) accelerated memory decline and increased amyloidosis and tau pathology. Further, genetic rescue of neuronal NCLX in 3xTg-AD mice is sufficient to impede AD-associated pathology and memory loss. We show that mCa2+ overload contributes to AD progression by promoting superoxide generation, metabolic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. These results provide a link between the calcium dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction hypotheses of AD and suggest mCa2+ exchange as potential therapeutic target in AD.
Distinct methylation levels of mature microRNAs in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Konno Masamitsu , Koseki Jun , Asai Ayumu , Yamagata Akira , Shimamura Teppei , Motooka Daisuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Kawamoto Koichi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Takiguchi Shuji , Satoh Taroh , Mimori Koshi , Ochiya Takahiro , Doki Yuichiro , Ofusa Ken , Mori Masaki , Ishii Hideshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe biological significance of micro (mi)RNAs has traditionally been evaluated according to their RNA expression levels based on the assumption that miRNAs recognize and regulate their targets in an unvarying fashion. Here we show that a fraction of mature miRNAs including miR-17-5p, -21-5p, and -200c-3p and let-7a-5p harbor methyl marks that potentially alter their stability and target recognition. Importantly, methylation of these miRNAs was significantly increased in cancer tissues as compared to paired normal tissues. Furthermore, miR-17-5p methylation level in serum samples distinguished early pancreatic cancer patients from healthy controls with extremely high sensitivity and specificity. These findings provide a basis for diagnostic strategies for early-stage cancer and add a dimension to our understanding of miRNA biology.
Ultrabright gap-enhanced Raman tags for high-speed bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Gu Yuqing , He Jing , Thackray Benjamin D. , Ye Jian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is advantageous over fluorescence for bioimaging due to ultra-narrow linewidth of the fingerprint spectrum and weak photo-bleaching effect. However, the existing SERS imaging speed lags far behind practical needs, mainly limited by Raman signals of SERS nanoprobes. In this work, we report ultrabright gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) with strong electromagnetic hot spots from interior sub-nanometer gaps and external petal-like shell structures, larger immobilization surface area, and Raman cross section of reporter molecules. These GERTs reach a Raman enhancement factor beyond 5 × 109and a detection sensitivity down to a single-nanoparticle level. We use a 370 μW laser to realize high-resolution cell imaging within 6 s and high-contrast (a signal-to-background ratio of 80) wide-area (3.2 × 2.8 cm2) sentinel lymph node imaging within 52 s. These nanoprobes offer a potential solution to overcome the current bottleneck in the field of SERS-based bioimaging.
A phenotypic and genomics approach in a multi-ethnic cohort to subtype systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lanata Cristina M. , Paranjpe Ishan , Nititham Joanne , Taylor Kimberly E. , Gianfrancesco Milena , Paranjpe Manish , Andrews Shan , Chung Sharon A. , Rhead Brooke , Barcellos Lisa F. , Trupin Laura , Katz Patricia , Dall’Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos , Sirota Marina , Criswell Lindsey A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which outcomes vary among different racial groups. Here, we aim to identify SLE subgroups within a multiethnic cohort using an unsupervised clustering approach based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. We identify three patient clusters that vary according to disease severity. Methylation association analysis identifies a set of 256 differentially methylated CpGs across clusters, including 101 CpGs in genes in the Type I Interferon pathway, and we validate these associations in an external cohort. A cis-methylation quantitative trait loci analysis identifies 744 significant CpG-SNP pairs. The methylation signature is enriched for ethnic-associated CpGs suggesting that genetic and non-genetic factors may drive outcomes and ethnic-associated methylation differences. Our computational approach highlights molecular differences associated with clusters rather than single outcome measures. This work demonstrates the utility of applying integrative methods to address clinical heterogeneity in multifactorial multi-ethnic disease settings.
Facilitating nitrogen accessibility to boron-rich covalent organic frameworks via electrochemical excitation for efficient nitrogen fixation
Authors: Liu Sisi , Wang Mengfan , Qian Tao , Ji Haoqing , Liu Jie , Yan Chenglin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks with abundant active sites are potential metal-free catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction. However, the utilization ratio of active sites is restricted in an actual reaction process due to the limited nitrogen transport. Here, we demonstrate that facilitating the N2 accessibility to boron-rich covalent organic frameworks through electrochemical excitation can achieve highly efficient nitrogen reduction activity. Simulations show that the boron sites are bonded with nitrogenous species under electrochemical condition and the resultant amorphous phase of covalent organic frameworks has much stronger affinity toward N2 to enhance the molecule collision. Combined with experimental results, the excitation process is confirmed to be a virtuous cycle of more excited sites and stronger N2 affinity, which continuously proceed until the whole system reaches the optimum reaction status. As expected, the electrochemically excited catalyst delivers significantly enhanced reaction activity, with a high Faradaic efficiency of 45.43%.