bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis prediction with two calculations of Palliative Prognostic Index: further prospective validation in hospice cancer patients with multicentre study
Authors: Subramaniam Sivakumar , Dand Pauline , Ridout Martin , Cawley Declan , Miller Sophie , Valli Paola , Bright Rebecca , O’Neill Brendan , Wilcocks Tricia , Parker Georgina , Harris Dee 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesIn palliative care settings, predicting prognosis is important for patients and clinicians. The Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI), a prognostic tool calculated using clinical indices alone has been validated within cancer population. This study was to further test the discriminatory ability of the PPI (ie, its ability to determine whether a subject will live more or less than a certain amount of time) in a larger sample but with a palliative care context and to compare predictions at two different points in time.MethodsMulticentre, prospective, observational study in 10 inpatient hospices in the UK. The PPI score was calculated on the day of admission (PPI1) and again once on days 3–5 of inpatient stay (PPI2). Patients were followed up for 6 weeks or until death, whichever was earlier.ResultsOf the 1164 patients included in the study, 962 had both scores available. The results from PPI2showed improved sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value compared with PPI1. For PPI1versus PPI2, area under receiver operator character curve (ROC) for <21 days were 0.73 versus 0.82 and for ≥42 days prediction 0.72 versus 0.80. The median survival days for patients with PPI1≤4, 4.5–6 and >6 were 38 (31 to 44), 17 (14 to 19) and 5 (4 to 7).ConclusionThis study showed improved discriminatory ability using the PPI score calculated between day 3and day5 of admission compared with that calculated on admission. This study further validated PPI as a prognostic tool within a palliative care population and showed recording at two time points improved accuracy.
Toxicity and Efficacy of a Novel GADD34-expressing Oncolytic HSV-1 for the Treatment of Experimental Glioblastoma
Authors: Nakashima Hiroshi , Nguyen Tran , Kasai Kazue , Passaro Carmela , Ito Hirotaka , Goins William F. , Shaikh Imran , Erdelyi Ronald , Nishihara Reiko , Nakano Ichiro , Reardon David A. , Anderson Ana C. , Kuchroo Vijay , Chiocca E. Antonio 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system cancer in adults. Oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV) is the first FDA-approved gene therapy approach for the treatment of malignant melanoma. For GBM, oHSVs need to be engineered to replicate within and be toxic to the glial tumor but not to normal brain parenchymal cells. We have thus engineered a novel oHSV to achieve these objectives.
Experimental Design: NG34 is an attenuated HSV-1 with deletions in the genes encoding viral ICP6 and ICP34.5. These mutations suppress virus replication in nondividing brain neurons. NG34 expresses the human GADD34 gene under transcriptional control of a cellular Nestin gene promoter/enhancer element, whose expression occurs selectively in GBM. In vitro cytotoxicity assay and survival studies with mouse models were performed to evaluate therapeutic potency of NG34 against glioblastoma. In vivo neurotoxicity evaluation of NG34 was tested by intracerebral inoculation.
Results: NG34 replicates in GBM cells in vitro with similar kinetics as those exhibited by an oHSV that is currently in clinical trials (rQNestin34.5). Dose–response cytotoxicity of NG34 in human GBM panels was equivalent to or improved compared with rQNestin34.5. The in vivo efficacy of NG34 against two human orthotopic GBM models in athymic mice was similar to that of rQNestin34.5, whereas intracerebral injection of NG34 in the brains of immunocompetent and athymic mice showed significantly better tolerability. NG34 was also effective in a syngeneic mouse glioblastoma model.
Conclusions: A novel oHSV encoding GADD34 is efficacious and relatively nontoxic in mouse models of GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2574–84. ©2018 AACR.
Risk Factors for and Clinical Consequences of Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Jabbarli Ramazan , Dinger Thiemo Florin , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Pierscianek Daniela , Dammann Philipp , Wrede Karsten H. , Kaier Klaus , Köhrmann Martin , Forsting Michael , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Sure Ulrich 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
Multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) are common findings of cerebral angiographies; however, MIA prevalence varies in different patient cohorts. We sought to elucidate risk factors influencing MIA prevalence and the clinical consequences.

Methods—
We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for publications before January 15, 2017, reporting MIA prevalence and risk factors. We used random-effects meta-analysis and multivariate regression analysis to assess the impacts of individual, study, and population characteristics.

Results—

We included 174 studies reporting on MIA (mean overall prevalence, 20.1%; range, 2%–44.9%) in 134 study populations with 86 989 intracranial aneurysm (IA) patients enrolled between 1950 and 2015. Studies from Europe and North America (
P
<0.001) and more recent enrolment years (
P
=0.046) were independently associated with higher MIA prevalence. In meta-analysis, MIA correlated with female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–1.8), higher patient age (>40 years; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.14–2.25), arterial hypertension (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17–1.94), smoking (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.37–2.6) and familial IA (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.47–2.77), and formation of de novo (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.95–7.87) and growth of initial IA (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.87–6.45). Risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage in MIA patients was higher only in longitudinal studies from Japan and Korea (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.46–2.96).

Conclusions—
Female sex, higher age, arterial hypertension, smoking, and familial IA are major risk factors for MIA. In addition, MIA patients are at risk for enhanced IA formation. Further studies are needed to evaluate rupture risk and the role of ethnicity, especially in the context of increased MIA identification with improved neurovascular imaging.
Solitary Confinement within Juvenile Detention Centres in Western Australia
Authors: Nunez Llifen Palacios , Copeland Anna 
Published: March 2018

This article examines the use of solitary confinement of juveniles within the Western Australian justice system. Examining the legal framework, it points to the issues of inadequate accountability and oversight. Often manifesting itself under different names such as regression or simply confinement, it still results in extended periods of social isolation, minimal environmental stimulation and minimal opportunity for social interaction.
The negative consequences of such confinement on children and young people are briefly examined before it is considered within the international human rights framework, specifically, in light of Australia’s international obligations and their stated commitment to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Beijing Rules and Havana Guidelines.
Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review
Authors: Molenaar Nina M , Kamperman Astrid M , Boyce Philip , Bergink Veerle 
Published: March 2018

Objective: Several countries have developed Clinical Practice Guidelines regarding treatment of perinatal depressive symptoms and perinatal use of antidepressant. We aimed to compare guidelines to guide clinicians in best clinical practice. Methods: An extensive search in guideline databases, MEDLINE and PsycINFO was performed. When no guidelines were (publicly) available online, we contacted psychiatric-, obstetric-, perinatal- and mood disorder societies of all first world countries and the five largest second world countries. Only Clinical Practice Guidelines adhering to quality criteria of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument and including a systematic review of evidence were included. Data extraction focussed on recommendations regarding continuation or withdrawal of antidepressants and preferred treatment in newly depressed patients. Results: Our initial search resulted in 1094 articles. After first screening, 40 full-text articles were screened. Of these, 24 were excluded for not being an official Clinical Practice Guidelines. In total, 16 Clinical Practice Guidelines were included originating from 12 countries. Eight guidelines were perinatal specific and eight were general guidelines. Conclusion: During pregnancy, four guidelines advise to continue antidepressants, while there is a lack of evidence supporting this recommendation. Five guidelines do not specifically advise or discourage continuation. For new episodes, guidelines agree on psychotherapy (especially cognitive behavioural therapy) as initial treatment for mild to moderate depression and antidepressants for severe depression, with a preference for sertraline. Paroxetine is not preferred treatment for new episodes but switching antidepressants for ongoing treatment is discouraged (three guidelines). If mothers use antidepressants, observation of the neonate is generally recommended and breastfeeding encouraged.
Occupational transition in the process of becoming housed following chronic homelessness
Authors: Marshall Carrie Anne , Lysaght Rosemary , Krupa Terry 
Published: March 2018

Background. Studying the occupations of formerly homeless persons as they transition to becoming housed following long-term homelessness has the potential to offer a meaningful contribution to the ongoing dialogue on homelessness. Purpose. Occupational transition was explored with a sample of persons with a history of chronic homelessness to contribute an occupational perspective to current scholarship on homelessness and to inform the practice of occupational therapists who support this population. Method. Interpretive phenomenology guided the study. Eleven persons with a history of chronic homelessness were engaged in semistructured interviews 3 to 24 months after becoming housed. Findings. Six themes emerged that highlighted occupation as a means of promoting social and psychological integration, and the meaning and experience of occupational transition. Implications. A more comprehensive support strategy acknowledging the occupations of chronically homeless persons is essential to incorporate into future research and practice aimed at promoting community inclusion and housing retention.
Nature, Culture and Humans: Patterns and Effects of Urbanization in Lesser Himalayan Mountainous Historic Urban Landscape of Chamba, India
Authors: Potdar Komal , Namrata Nimmy , Sami Anam 
Published: March 2018

Historic urban landscapes are bio-physical imprints of past generation’s activities as well as a matrix for those of current and future generations. Pressures of economic development, while benefitting modernization, have led to loss of traditional practices in cultural landscapes, which reflected customs, values and belief systems of communities. This article explores alternative ways of seeing historic cities particularly with respect to the historic urban landscape paradigm. Chamba town, Himachal Pradesh, a pilgrim centre, market town and historic capital of the Chamba region, recently celebrated the millennium of its establishment. This historic town has distinctive location and is characterized by exceptional cultural and natural resources, landforms, bio-diversity and intangible cultural heritage. With a current population of 25,000, it is growing as a major town centre and pushing the boundaries of town limits and residential areas. Unregulated new development which is not designed for earthquake resistance, absence of delineation of ecologically sensitive zones, marginalization of traditional knowledge and aspirations of the primary custodians have resulted in fragile state of being, both naturally and culturally, and have altered the traditional regime of this historic town. This article examines the fragile relation between humans, nature and culture of Chamba and need for sustainable planning and management system for heritage resources within mountainous regions, with responsiveness to constraints and challenges. The authors reflect upon economic shifts, cultural transformations and infrastructure development, which adapt traditional knowledge designs to address urban needs for historic urban landscapes.
Impact of district mental health care plans on symptom severity and functioning of patients with priority mental health conditions: the Programme for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME) cohort protocol
Authors: Baron Emily C. , Rathod Sujit D. , Hanlon Charlotte , Prince Martin , Fedaku Abebaw , Kigozi Fred , Jordans Mark , Luitel Nagendra P. , Medhin Girmay , Murhar Vaibhav , Nakku Juliet , Patel Vikram , Petersen Inge , Selohilwe One , Shidhaye Rahul , Ssebunnya Joshua , Tomlinson Mark , Lund Crick , De Silva Mary 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Programme for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME) sought to implement mental health care plans (MHCP) for four priority mental disorders (depression, alcohol use disorder, psychosis and epilepsy) into routine primary care in five low- and middle-income country districts. The impact of the MHCPs on disability was evaluated through establishment of priority disorder treatment cohorts. This paper describes the methodology of these PRIME cohorts.MethodsOne cohort for each disorder was recruited across some or all five districts: Sodo (Ethiopia), Sehore (India), Chitwan (Nepal), Dr. Kenneth Kaunda (South Africa) and Kamuli (Uganda), comprising 17 treatment cohorts in total (N = 2182). Participants were adults residing in the districts who were eligible to receive mental health treatment according to primary health care staff, trained by PRIME facilitators as per the district MHCP. Patients who screened positive for depression or AUD and who were not given a diagnosis by their clinicians (N = 709) were also recruited into comparison cohorts in Ethiopia, India, Nepal and South Africa. Caregivers of patients with epilepsy or psychosis were also recruited (N = 953), together with or on behalf of the person with a mental disorder, depending on the district. The target sample size was 200 (depression and AUD), or 150 (psychosis and epilepsy) patients initiating treatment in each recruiting district. Data collection activities were conducted by PRIME research teams. Participants completed follow-up assessments after 3 months (AUD and depression) or 6 months (psychosis and epilepsy), and after 12 months. Primary outcomes were impaired functioning, using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), and symptom severity, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (depression), the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUD), and number of seizures (epilepsy).DiscussionCohort recruitment was a function of the clinical detection rate by primary health care staff, and did not meet all planned targets. The cross-country methodology reflected the pragmatic nature of the PRIME cohorts: while the heterogeneity in methods of recruitment was a consequence of differences in health systems and MHCPs, the use of the WHODAS as primary outcome measure will allow for comparison of functioning recovery across sites and disorders.
Supporting Transformation through Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment Programs: Lessons from New York State
Authors: Roby Dylan H. , Louis Christopher J. , Cole Mallory M. Johnson , Chau Natalie , Wiefling Bridgette , Salsberry David C. , King Evan , Miller Allen 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The New York Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment (DSRIP) waiver was viewed as a prototype for Medicaid and safety net redesign waivers in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) era. After the insurance expansions of the ACA were implemented, it was apparent that accountability, value, and quality improvement would be priorities in future waivers in many states. Despite New York's distinct provider relationships, previous coverage expansions, and local and state politics, it is important to understand the key characteristics of the waiver so that other states can learn how to better incorporate value-based arrangements into future waivers or attempts to limit spending under proposed Medicaid per-capita caps or block grants. In this article, we examine the New York DSRIP waiver by drawing on its design, early experiences, and evolution to inform recommendations for the future renewal, implementation, and expansion of redesigned or transformational Medicaid waivers.
Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy and Myonuclei Addition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: CONCEIÇÃO MIGUEL S. , VECHIN FELIPE C. , LIXANDRÃO MANOEL , DAMAS FELIPE , LIBARDI CLEITON A. , TRICOLI VALMOR , ROSCHEL HAMILTON , CAMERA DONNY , UGRINOWITSCH CARLOS 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe myonuclear domain theory postulates that myonuclei are added to muscle fibers when increases in fiber cross-sectional area (i.e., hypertrophy) are ≥26%. However, recent studies have reported increased myonuclear content with lower levels (e.g., 12%) of muscle fiber hypertrophy.PurposeThis study aimed to determine whether a muscle fiber hypertrophy “threshold” is required to drive the addition of new myonuclei to existing muscle fibers.MethodsStudies of resistance training endurance training with or without nutrient (i.e., protein) supplementation and steroid administration with measures of muscle fiber hypertrophy and myonuclei number as primary or secondary outcomes were considered. Twenty-seven studies incorporating 62 treatment groups and 903 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses.ResultsMuscle fiber hypertrophy of ≤10% induces increases in myonuclear content, although a significantly higher number of myonuclei are observed when muscle hypertrophy is ~22%. Additional analyses showed that age, sex, and muscle fiber type do not influence muscle fiber hypertrophy or myonuclei addition.ConclusionsAlthough a more consistent myonuclei addition occurs when muscle fiber hypertrophy is >22%, our results challenge the concept of a muscle hypertrophy threshold as significant myonuclei addition occurs with lower muscle hypertrophy (i.e., <10%).
Dehydration Impairs Cycling Performance, Independently of Thirst: A Blinded Study
Authors: ADAMS J. D. , SEKIGUCHI YASUKI , SUH HYUN-GYU , SEAL ADAM D. , SPRONG CAMERON A. , KIRKLAND TRACIE W. , KAVOURAS STAVROS A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of dehydration on exercise performance independently of thirst with subjects blinded of their hydration status.

Methods
Seven male cyclists (weight, 72 ± 9 kg; body fat, 14% ± 6%; peak oxygen uptake, 59.4 ± 6 mL·kg−1·min−1) exercised for 2 h on a cycle ergometer at 55% peak oxygen uptake, in a hot-dry environment (35°C, 30% relative humidity), with a nasogastric tube under euhydrated–non-thirst (EUH-NT) and dehydrated–non-thirst (DEH-NT) conditions. In both trials, thirst was matched by drinking 25 mL of water every 5 min (300 mL·h−1). In the EUH-NT trial, sweat losses were fully replaced by water via the nasogastric tube (calculated from the familiarization trial). After the 2 h of steady state, the subjects completed a 5-km cycling time trial at 4% grade.

Results
Body mass loss for the EUH-NT and DEH-NT after the 2 h was −0.2% ± 0.6% and −2.2% ± 0.4%, whereas after the 5-km time trial, it was −0.7% ± 0.5% and 2.9% ± 0.4%, respectively. Thirst (35 ± 30 vs 42 ± 31 mm) and stomach fullness (46 ± 21 vs 35 ± 20 mm) did not differ at the end of the 2 h of steady state between EUH-NT and DEH-NT trials (P > 0.05). Subjects cycled faster during the 5-km time trial in the EUH-NT trial compared with the DEH-NT trial (23.2 ± 1.5 vs 22.3 ± 1.8 km·h−1, P < 0.05), by producing higher-power output (295 ± 29 vs 276 ± 29 W, P < 0.05). During the 5-km time trial, core temperature was higher in the DEH-NT trial (39.2°C ± 0.7°C) compared with the EUH-NT trial (38.8°C ± 0.2°C; P > 0.05).

Conclusions
These data indicated that hypohydration decreased cycling performance and impaired thermoregulation independently of thirst, while the subjects were unaware of their hydration status.
Mesocycles with Different Training Intensity Distribution in Recreational Runners
Authors: ZINNER CHRISTOPH , SCHÄFER OLSTAD DANIELA , SPERLICH BILLY 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim was to compare mesocycles with progressively increasing workloads and varied training intensity distribution (TID), that is, high-intensity (HIGH, > 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate), low-intensity (LOW, < 2 mmol·L−1 blood lactate) or a combination of HIGH and LOW (referred to as “polarized” [POL]) on 5000-m running time and key components of endurance performance in recreational runners.

Methods
Forty-two runners (peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak): 45.2 ± 5.8 mL·min−1·kg−1) were systematically parallelized to one of three groups performing a 4-wk mesocycle with equal TID (two to four training sessions) followed by a 3-wk mesocycle with increased weekly training impulse (i.e., 50% increase compared to the first 4-wk mesocycle) of either HIGH, LOW, or POL and 1 wk tapering. V˙O2peak, velocity at lactate threshold and running economy were assessed at baseline (T0), after 4 wk (T1), 7 wk (T2), and 8 wk (T3).

Results
The 5000-m time decreased in all groups from T0 to T2 and T3. V˙O2peak increased from T0 to T2 and T3 (P < 0.03) with HIGH and from T0 to T2 (P = 0.02) in LOW and from T0 to T3 (P = 0.006) with POL. Running economy improved only from T1 to T3 and from T2 to T3 (P < 0.04) with LOW. An individual mean response analysis indicated a high number of responders (n = 13 of 16) in LOW, with less in HIGH (n = 6/13) and POL (n = 8/16).

Conclusions
On a group level, HIGH, LOW, and POL improve 5000-m time and V˙O2peak. Changes in running economy occurred only with LOW. Based on the individual response of recreational runners the relative risk of nonresponding is greater with HIGH and POL compared with LOW.