bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility Profile of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Montclair, California, to Commonly Used Pesticides, With Note on Resistance to Pyriproxyfen
Authors: Su Tianyun , Thieme Jennifer , Lura Taylor , Cheng Min-Lee , Brown Michelle Q 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The peridomestic anthropophilic Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is originated from the wild zoophilic subspecies Aedes aegypti formosus in sub-Saharan Africa, and currently has a broad distribution in human-modified environments of the tropics and subtropics worldwide. In California, breeding populations were initially detected in 2013 in the cities of Fresno, Madera, and San Mateo, and now can be found in 188 cities of 12 counties in the state. Recent genetic studies suggest that this species invaded California on multiple occasions from several regions of the United States and northern Mexico prior to initial detection. As an invasive species and vector for numerous arboviruses, Ae. aegypti is a primary target of surveillance and control in California. In southern California city of Montclair, a population was identified in September 2015, from which a short-term colony was established in an insectary. The susceptibility of this field population to commonly used pesticides with various modes of action, including 15 formulations against larvae and four against adults, was determined, in reference to a susceptible laboratory colony of the same species. No resistance was shown to most pesticides tested. However, tolerance or reduced susceptibility to spinosad, spinetoram, diflubezuron, and fipronil was detected, and modest levels of resistance to pyriproxyfen (resistance ratio = 38.7-fold at IE50 and 81.5-fold at IE90) was observed. Results are discussed based on the field usage and modes of action of the pesticides tested. Strategic selection and application of pesticides against this population of Ae. aegypti in the urban environments should be taken into consideration.
The evolution of nitric oxide signalling diverges between animal and green lineages
Authors: Astier Jeremy , Mounier Arnaud , Santolini Jérôme , Jeandroz Sylvain , Wendehenne David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signalling molecule with widespread distribution in prokaryotes and eukaryotes where it is involved in countless physiological processes. While the mechanisms governing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and signalling are well established in animals, the situation is less clear in the green lineage. Recent investigations have shown that NO synthase, the major enzymatic source for NO in animals, is absent in land plants but present in a limited number of algae. The first detailed analysis highlighted that these new NO synthases are functional but display specific structural features and probably original catalytic activities. Completing this picture, analyses were undertaken in order to investigate whether major components of the prototypic NO/cyclic GMP signalling cascades mediating many physiological effects of NO in animals were also present in plants. Only a few homologues of soluble guanylate cyclases, cGMP-dependent protein kinases, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases were identified in some algal species and their presence did not correlate with that of NO synthases. In contrast, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, a critical regulator of S-nitrosothiols, was recurrently found. Overall, these findings highlight that plants do not mediate NO signalling through the classical NO/cGMP signalling module and support the concept that S-nitrosation is a ubiquitous NO-dependent signalling mechanism.
Epidemiology and Etiology of Kidney Disease
Authors: Couchoud Cécile , Bayat Sahar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
More than 30% of the world population will develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) during their life. More than 10% of the world population live with CKD and, therefore, are at higher risk of cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury episodes, progression to end-stage renal disease, and death. Risk factors of kidney disease occurrence may be intrinsic in a “patient at risk” or be related to a “situation at risk.” Primary prevention among the identified risk groups must be organized to decrease the risk of kidney disease appearance. Moreover, many risk factors also contribute to kidney damage progression in patients with CKD, and, therefore, they also are the target of secondary prevention. Because of restricted funding, the issue of unequal access to treatment, in particular to renal replacement therapy, explain most of the geographical differences observed.
Upper Extremity Anomalies
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Curry Cynthia J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews background information about the incidence, epidemiology, genetics, and other anomalies associated with common congenital anomalies of the upper extremity. The discussion reviews the differential diagnosis of transverse, longitudinal (amelia, radial, ulnar), intercalary (phocomelia), and central (split hand/foot) defects of the radius and ulna and combined upper and lower extremity defects. The chapter summarizes common causes of upper extremity anomalies, including amniotic band disruption sequence, teratogenic agents (misoprostol, thalidomide, valproic acid), vascular disruption, chromosome anomalies, and Mendelian congenital malformation syndromes, and it gives recommendations for evaluation and management. A clinical case presentation features an infant with Holt–Oram syndrome.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Active Duty Service Women: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Hopkins Dawnkimberly , Wilson Candy 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Women make up 16.3% of the Department of Defense (DoD) active duty military population. January 2016, the Secretary of the Defense opened all military positions to women, including combat positions. Identifying conditions that may impact health and military readiness are essential to maintaining a fit and ready force. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that has significant health and military readiness implications for active duty service women (ADSW). Some of the common manifestations of PCOS, overweight, obesity, and abnormal menstrual cycles, have a direct impact on the deployment readiness of ADSW, which effects military operations. The prevalence of PCOS in ADSW must be identified to ascertain true numbers in the DoD to appropriately support, treat, and manage this population; therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of PCOS diagnosis, in ADSW.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis of electronic health record data from the Department of Defense Military Health Systems DataMart was conducted for calendar years January 2011 – December 2016, using ICD 9 and 10 codes. ADSW with symptoms and conditions that were present with PCOS but did not have the ICD 9 or 10 code for PCOS were also identified to explore the potential undiagnosed prevalence of PCOS. The diagnosed symptoms and conditions included for analysis were weight gain, obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, acne, acanthosis nigricans, infertility, and menstrual irregularity.

Results
There are 11,190 (0.2%) ADSW diagnosed with PCOS, and 9,112 (0.17%) diagnosed with symptoms that meet the profile and characteristics present in PCOS, but have no diagnosis. All branches of service and ranks were represented in these numbers

Conclusions
PCOS is present in ADSW. Obtaining an accurate prevalence rate of this condition helps reveal the extent of its presence, helps increase awareness, and identify that there is a population in need of targeted support and interventions to maintain a fit and ready force.
A multi-institutional analysis of presentation and outcomes for leptomeningeal disease recurrence after surgical resection and radiosurgery for brain metastases
Authors: Prabhu Roshan S , Turner Brandon E , Asher Anthony L , Marcrom Samuel R , Fiveash John B , Foreman Paul M , Press Robert H , Patel Kirtesh R , Curran Walter J , Breen William G , Brown Paul D , Jethwa Krishan R , Grills Inga S , Arden Jessica D , Foster Lauren M , Manning Matthew A , Stern Joseph D , Soltys Scott G , Burri Stuart H 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Radiographic leptomeningeal disease (LMD) develops in up to 30% of patients following postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases. However, the clinical relevancy of this finding and outcomes after various salvage treatments are not known.

Methods
Patients with brain metastases, of which 1 was resected and treated with adjunctive SRS, and who subsequently developed LMD were combined from 7 tertiary care centers. LMD pattern was categorized as nodular (nLMD) or classical (“sugarcoating,” cLMD).

Results
The study cohort was 147 patients. Most patients (60%) were symptomatic at LMD presentation, with cLMD more likely to be symptomatic than nLMD (71% vs. 51%, P = 0.01). Salvage therapy was whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone (47%), SRS (27%), craniospinal radiotherapy (RT) (10%), and other (16%), with 58% receiving a WBRT-containing regimen. WBRT was associated with lower second LMD recurrence compared with focal RT (40% vs 68%, P = 0.02). Patients with nLMD had longer median overall survival (OS) than those with cLMD (8.2 vs 3.3 mo, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis for OS, pattern of initial LMD (nodular vs classical) was significant, but type of salvage RT (WBRT vs focal) was not.

Conclusions
Nodular LMD is a distinct pattern of LMD associated with postoperative SRS that is less likely to be symptomatic and has better OS outcomes than classical “sugarcoating” LMD. Although focal RT demonstrated increased second LMD recurrence compared with WBRT, there was no associated OS detriment. Focal cranial RT for nLMD recurrence after surgery and SRS for brain metastases may be a reasonable alternative to WBRT.
Auditory Evoked Responses in Older Adults With Normal Hearing, Untreated, and Treated Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: McClannahan Katrina S. , Backer Kristina C. , Tremblay Kelly L. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
The goal of this study was to identify the effects of auditory deprivation (age-related hearing loss) and auditory stimulation (history of hearing aid use) on the neural registration of sound across two stimulus presentation conditions: (1) equal sound pressure level and (2) equal sensation level.

Design:
We used a between-groups design, involving three groups of 14 older adults (n = 42; 62 to 84 years): (1) clinically defined normal hearing (≤25 dB from 250 to 8000 Hz, bilaterally), (2) bilateral mild–moderate/moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss who have never used hearing aids, and (3) bilateral mild–moderate/moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss who have worn bilateral hearing aids for at least the past 2 years.

Results:
There were significant delays in the auditory P1-N1-P2 complex in older adults with hearing loss compared with their normal hearing peers when using equal sound pressure levels for all participants. However, when the degree and configuration of hearing loss were accounted for through the presentation of equal sensation level stimuli, no latency delays were observed. These results suggest that stimulus audibility modulates P1-N1-P2 morphology and should be controlled for when defining deprivation and stimulus-related neuroplasticity in people with hearing loss. Moreover, a history of auditory stimulation, in the form of hearing aid use, does not appreciably alter the neural registration of unaided auditory evoked brain activity when quantified by the P1-N1-P2.

Conclusions:
When comparing auditory cortical responses in older adults with and without hearing loss, stimulus audibility, and not hearing loss–related neurophysiological changes, results in delayed response latency for those with age-related hearing loss. Future studies should carefully consider stimulus presentation levels when drawing conclusions about deprivation- and stimulation-related neuroplasticity. Additionally, auditory stimulation, in the form of a history of hearing aid use, does not significantly affect the neural registration of sound when quantified using the P1-N1-P2–evoked response.
Posterior short-segment fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of unstable lower lumbar fracture
Authors: Khattab Mohamed Fawzy , Elkhateeb Tameem Mohamed 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in selected types of lower lumbar fractures.

Methods:
Twenty-seven patients with lower lumbar fractures were enrolled in this study. Demographic data, neurologic grade, anterior vertebral body heights, vertebral body translation, segmental Cobb angle, and management-related complications were assessed. The minimum follow-up period was 2 yr.

Results:
Twenty male patients and seven female patients underwent the procedure, with a mean operative time of 182 min. Mean blood loss was 588 mL. The mean preoperative local kyphotic angle was 9.5 degrees that improved to 2.5 degrees postoperatively. The loss of correction was insignificant at the final follow-up. The preoperative percentage of height lost improved from a mean of 52.5% to a mean of 89.05% postoperatively, and at last follow-up no loss of correction in height was noted compared to the postoperative results. No pseudarthrosis or metal failure was detected. All patients who were Frankle E on admission remained neurologically intact.

Conclusions:
Posterior short-segment fixation with pedicle screw fixation augmented with TLIF might be a possible choice for selected patients with unstable lower lumbar fractures, particularly in split fractures, burst fractures with a reversed cortex sign, and traumatic spondylolisthesis.
Factors influencing outcomes of endoprosthetic reconstruction of the distal end of the humerus
Authors: Chebli Caroline M. , Crimi Alberto , Letson Douglas , Binitie Odion 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Reconstruction of the distal humerus with modular endoprostheses is an uncommon procedure. We report the outcomes from a single institution of distal humeral reconstructions with a modular endoprosthesis.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of our database from 1/1/2001-12/31/2016 identified 20 patients who received a distal humeral endoprosthesis. The time to failure, type of failure, and final range of motion were evaluated. Comparisons were made between primary and revision endoprostheses. The relationship between resection level, range of motion, and time to failure were evaluated.

Results:
The average age was 69.9 yr with equal numbers of males and females. There were 13 primary and seven revision surgeries. The average follow-up was 40.9 mo. Eight patients experienced a failure requiring further surgical treatment: three soft tissue, two aseptic loosening, two infections and one tumor progression. The average range of motion was 65.86 degrees. The average resection length was 12.86 cm. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference between failure or time to failure in primary versus revision procedures. There was a lower chance of failure with a resection level greater than 12 cm. There was no difference in range of motion and resection level.

Conclusions:
Distal humeral endoprostheses provide stable constructs in limb preserving surgeries. The complication profile is higher than standard total elbows. There was no difference in failures or time to failure between primary and revision surgeries. The major limitation of this study was the limited number of patients. It is one of the larger series evaluating distal humeral replacements.
Treating Pulsatile Exophthalmos in Child with Minimally Invasive Approach and Custom-made Titanium Mesh Plate
Authors: Moriwaki Yuta , Tomioka Yoko , Imai Hideaki , Iida Takuya , Yamashita Shuji , Kanayama Koji , Iwamoto Naoaki , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: February 2019

Summary:
Orbital roof fracture is a relatively rare trauma. In most cases, surgical intervention is not needed since the fracture is slight. However, invasive surgical procedures are inevitable once pulsatile exophthalmos occurs if vision impairment is to be avoided. We report our rare experience of orbital roof fracture in a child with pulsatile exophthalmos. Good reconstruction of the anterior cranial base was achieved using a custom-made titanium mesh and a minimally invasive approach. A 3-year-old girl who had been diagnosed with subdural hematoma, brain contusion, and fracture of the right orbital roof caused by facial bruising underwent emergent external decompression by coronal skin incision and a transcranial approach on the same day as the trauma. Cranioplasty using autologous frozen bone in the same approach was performed 103 days posttrauma, but this was followed by pulsatile exophthalmos. After recovering from critical stage, the girl was brought to our department for reconstruction of the anterior base. Risk of vision impairment was also one reason for reconstruction, but the neurosurgeon hesitated to approach the region using a coronal approach considering the possibility of infection in the frozen autologous bone. Through cross-team discussion, reconstruction using a subeyebrow incision was performed with a custom-made titanium mesh plate. Pulsatile exophthalmos completely disappeared. Pulsatile exophthalmos is a very rare but serious complication that carries a risk of vision impairment. By applying a custom-made titanium mesh plate, precise reconstruction was enabled with minimal invasiveness and low risk.
Collagenase Management of Multicord Dupuytren’s Disease under Intravenous Sedation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wiseman Jeremy , Tree Kevin , Guio-Aguilar Pedro , Pratt George , Nizzaro Danielle , Leung Michael , Leong James 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Surgery has been the standard of care in managing Dupuytren’s disease (DD). Recently collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) has provided a less invasive alternative. The purpose of the current study is to present the early outcomes of a protocol for CCH involving treatment of multi-cord disease, and large patient cohorts.

Methods:
A cohort of 137 consecutive patients (Mean age 66 years, SD 9.85) with 225 joint contractures was treated with CCH at our institution between December of 2014 and January of 2017. A single standardized concentration of collagenase 2.31 mg/ml or 0.58 mg/dose was used for the treatment of up to 5 cords at a single session, and manipulation was 48 hours post-injection under intravenous sedation (IV). Patient complications, reduction in joint contracture, patient satisfaction and patient reported functional outcomes were assessed after one month.

Results:
137 patients received a total of 214 doses 0.58mg of CCH to treat 225 PIP and MCP joint contractures. The mean correction of joint contractures was 39.8 ± 2.2 and 27.9 ± 3.9 degrees for MCP and PIP joints respectively. 80% of patients, reported improved function and 89% of patients who were satisfied with the treatment.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a protocol for high throughput management of DD using collagenase and IV sedation for manipulation, logistically suited to the hospital setting. Efficacy was demonstrated treating patients with up to 5 cords, including those with bilateral disease. Future studies are needed to evaluate the durability of response in the medium and long term, and to evaluate cost benefits.
Dorsal Wrist Placement for Vascularized Submental Lymph Node Transfer Significantly Improves Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema
Authors: Aljaaly Hattan A. , Fries Charles Anton , Cheng Ming-Huei 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Vascularized submental lymph node flap transfer to the wrist is an effective treatment for breast cancer–related lymphedema. Dorsal placement was hypothesized to offer superior outcomes due to favorable venous drainage; however, the flap is more visible in this position compared with the volar side and was a cosmetic concern for patients. This study compared the treatment response of breast cancer–related lymphedema with the placement of vascularized submental lymph node flaps at the wrist, between dorsal and volar recipient sites.

Methods:
A retrospective longitudinal study examined 15 patients receiving vascularized submental lymph node flaps at the wrist performed by a single surgeon with a mean follow-up of 17 months. Clinical and biometric analyses, including quality of life questionnaires, circumference measurements, and number of infections were conducted.

Results:
All patients showed improvements in quality of life, reduced episodes of cellulitis, and reduced limb circumference measurements compared with preoperative data. Dorsal placement (n = 7) delivered significant reductions in limb circumference at all levels after 1 year (P = 0.04) and in overall function domains in the Lymphedema Specific Quality of Life Questionnaires (P = 0.04) compared with volar placement (n = 8). Venous outflow was greater in the dorsal recipient veins (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Patients electing to undergo vascularized lymph node transfer to the wrist should be aware that when both options are effective, dorsal placement offers improvement in outcomes despite reduced cosmesis. These results have been incorporated into an evidence-based treatment algorithm that can inform the patient and physician on the decision-making in the breast and plastic surgical spheres.
Unilateral Reconstruction of the Large Breast: Combining Prosthetic and Autologous Methods for Improved Symmetry
Authors: Schwartz Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2019

Summary:
Postmastectomy reconstruction in patients with significant macromastia and/or large chest wall dimensions can be challenging. Implants have a limited size range and may not be large enough to adequately reconstruct a wide, obese patient. Abdominally based flaps may be unsafe in these patients if they have significant obesity and or other comorbidities and may still be insufficient to adequately fill a very large breast footprint. These problems are compounded in the patient who is not a candidate for an abdominal flap and who undergoes unilateral mastectomy as the contralateral breast, even after aggressive reduction, may still require volume and dimensions that cannot be easily replicated with prosthetic methods alone. Therefore, it seems reasonable to supplement our implant-based reconstructions with additional autologous tissue to reconstruct the breast after mastectomy to obtain acceptable symmetry with the large, contralateral native breast. Here, we report a case of combining the largest available anatomic implant with an extended lateral intercostal artery perforator flap to reconstruct a large breast and obtain symmetry with the native breast.