bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic instability in the cold-core low area and its effect on the weather
Authors: Ivus G. P. , Khomenko G. V. , Kovalkov I. A. , Sosmiy E. V. 
Published: November 2018

Cold-core lows are poorly understood cyclones, but they significantly impact on the formation of weather conditions in Ukraine, especially in its central and western regions.
In the paper, the evolution of a cold-core low, which is associated with the enlargement of rainfall areas with thunderstorms over the Western Europe and Ukraine. The low formed on July 21tst, 2014, in a deep cold trough of a Rossby wave over Atlantic Europe. During period 21-24 July the low was moving to the East and there were precipitation zones under its eastern part. Therefore, sizes of precipitation zones cannot always be explained by impact of front and thermic instability, in this paper it is tried to assess hydrodynamic instability in forming of precipitation in a cold-core low. The research method is based on the use of the linear theory of the hydrodynamic instability of the zonal flow with Rossby waves.
To investigate barotropic instability fields of meridional profiles of absolute vorticity. It is shown that flow in which the low moved was barotropic unstable. Using baroclinic instability characteristics (Phillips’s criterion) Baroclinic zones were revealed in atmospheric fronts and in northern part of area in question.
It has been shown that hydrodynamic instability, both barotropic and baroclinic, in the eastern part of the cold-core low leads to intensification of atmospheric processes on the fronts, which was revealed to strengthening of precipitation and in the enlargement of zones of their formation.
Discomfort of weather conditions during winter period in Ukraine
Authors: Malytska L. V. 
Published: November 2018

At the end of the XX century and at the beginning of the XXI century climate change was one of the major problems of international community. Today the problem is still relevant. This is due to a significant change of living conditions of population, especially due to thermal regime change which serves as the main factor directly determining comfort of weather and heat balance of a human body.

In winter period weather comfort depends on the combination of low temperature and high wind speed. It enhances a negative impact on human beings and indicates winter severity in general. This article describes discomfort of weather conditions during winter season in Ukraine. Basic characteristics of thermal regime and wind regime reflecting general features of discomfort during this season are discussed. Estimate of discomfort also includes calculation of comfort indexes – special mathematical formulas that formalize the influence of main meteorological parameters on a human body.
Since the beginning of the XXI century there is a tendency to reduction of cold discomfort in Ukraine. Such reduction is associated with reduction of the Bodman index values. The Siple and Passel index (atmosphere cooling capacity) has the same tendency. In most regions of Ukraine the reality of such changes for both indexes constitutes 90–99 %.
Analysis of climate change in Dnipropetrovsk Region
Authors: Hrynchak V. V. 
Published: November 2018

The decision about writing this article was made after familiarization with the "Brief Climatic Essay of Dnepropetrovsk City (prepared based on observations of 1886 – 1937)" written by the Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Weather Department of the Hydrometeorological Service A. N. Mikhailov.
The guide has a very interesting fate: in 1943 it was taken by the Nazis from Dnipropetrovsk and in 1948 it returned from Berlin back to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological and Environmental Directorate of the USSR, as evidenced by a respective entry on the Essay's second page.
Having these invaluable materials and data of long-term weather observations in Dnipro city we decided to analyze climate changes in Dnipropetrovsk region.
The article presents two 50-year periods, 1886-1937 and 1961-2015, as examples. Series of observations have a uniform and representative character because they were conducted using the same methodology and results processing.
We compared two main characteristics of climate: air temperature and precipitation.
The article describes changes of average annual temperature values and absolute temperature values. It specifies the shift of seasons' dates and change of seasons' duration.
We studied the changes of annual precipitation and peculiarities of their seasonable distribution. Apart from that peculiarities of monthly rainfall fluctuations and their heterogeneity were specified.
Since Dnipro city is located in the center of the region the identified tendencies mainly reflect changes of climatic conditions within the entire Dnipropetrovsk region.
Evaluation of future trends of characteristics change of hydrological regime of rivers of the Southern Buh basin in the winter period
Authors: Rachmatullina E. R. , Grebin V. V. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Climate changes occurring in recent decades determine the relevance of the problem of forecasting such changes in future both globally and regionally. After all, knowledge of climate's behavior in future is very important when carrying out an analysis of trends of hydrological characteristics change. Significant increase of the global surface air temperature observed since the end of the 20th century is mainly caused by increase of concentration of greenhouse gases generated as a result of industrial activity. Thus, climate changes could not but affect the continental water resources and in particular the processes taking place in rivers.
Purpose. Assessment of change of surface air layer during the winter period within the South-ern Buh Basin and assessment of change of the hydrological regime of the basin's rivers following the changes of air temperature.
Methods of research. This study is based on the data for the winter period obtained from 24 hydrological station and 15 meteorological stations within the Southern Buh River Basin. With assistance of scientists of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute and using the regional climate model REMO for A1B scenario forecast values of air temperature were calculated.
Results of research. The main regularities of studied characteristics change for the period of 2031-2050 were determined on the basis of prepared calculation dependences of the characteristics of ice and thermal regimes of the studied basin's rivers and obtained forecast values of air temperature. According to the climatologists' calculations there is a tendency of air temperature increase during the forecast period, and, respectively, increase of water temperature and decrease of ice period duration of the rivers within the Southern Buh Basin.
Summary (conclusions and author's recommendations). The results of the carried out research indicate the fact that the trend of increase of surface air layer temperature and change of main characteristics of ice and thermal regimes of the basin's rivers formed at the end of 20th - the beginning of the 21th century will develop in future.
Evaluation of the influence of climate change on the productivity of millet in the central part of Ukraine
Authors: Danilova N. V. 
Published: November 2018

Climate change is a change of climatic conditions in the global atmosphere and on the Earth in general (or within its individual zones or territories) caused directly or indirectly due by the human activity on the planet, which are overlaid on the natural climatic variations (fluctuations) and ob-served during comparable periods of time.
Both the climate of Ukraine and the global climate are changing, but warming within our terri-tory progresses even faster than in other regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Ukraine in general and southern regions in particular are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change – droughts, extremely high temperatures, inefficient precipitation, reduced irrigated area cause of precipitation amount and regime, severer and more long-lasting droughts, reduced water availability.
The majority of arable land in Ukraine are located in zones of unstable and insufficient humidity, it is quite possible that for plant growing, especially for growing winter crops and early spring crops, climate change will rather have a positive effect than negative one.
Among the main types of cereals millet is the most common one. It is valuable for its groats, which is known by its high eating quality.
Millet as a fast-growing crop having a certain agrotechnical importance: it is used as a backup crop for re-sowing dead winter crops and is suitable for stubble and post-harvest sowing, it also can be used as a cover culture for perennial grass.
Millet is one of the most drought-resistant and heat-resistant crops. It is able to withstand heat injuries which is very important in arid areas and during dry years, when other grain crops have reduced yield. Millet suffers less from pests and diseases than other crops.
The task was to evaluate the agro-climatic conditions of millet crops formation in the central part of Ukraine under conditions of climate change. The study of the impact of climate change on the formation of millet productivity for different time intervals was performed by comparing the data of the RCP scenario and the average long-term climatic and agro-climatic parameters. The in-fluence of agroclimatic conditions on the dynamics of increase of agroecological yield of different levels is also assessed.
Kemampuan Ibu Melakukan Stimulasi Untuk Perkembangan Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Puhjarak
Authors: Destiana Riska , Yani Erna Rahma , Yanuarini Triatmi Andri 
Published: November 2018

Stimulation is one of the factors that affect a child’s development. The age of 3-6 months is included in the first 1000 days of life which is a critical period in which the child's brain begins to develop. Mothers can stimulate children according to their developmental stages. During infancy, a close relationship exists between the mother and child, so the influence of mother in educating the childis very big. The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between the mothers ability to stimulate 3-6 months infant with their development in Puhjarak Community Health Center in Kediri Regency. The research desain used correlational study. The data collection was done by conducting cross sectional methods, with population of 38 mothers and their babies. The sampling used simple random sampling technique with total sample of 35 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The analysis data used spearman rank showed p value 0,001. The conclution of this research was there was a correlation between mothers ability to stimulate 3-6 months infant with their development in Puhjarak Community Health Center Kediri Regency. It is advisable for parents especially mothers to maintain or improve their ability to stimulate their children in all aspects of development in a balanced and appropriate waywith the infant’s age.
Comparative Study of Oral Hygiene Among Urban and Urban Slum Dwellers of Ahmedabad
Authors: Solanki Kinjal , Joshi Harsh , Patel Alpesh , Bala D V 
Published: November 2018

Aims and Objectives: To compare the oral hygiene practices and study the proportion of dental problems among urban and urban slum areas.
Methodology: An observational, cross sectional study was carried out in 150 people in urban and urban slum areas. The study duration was four months (June 2015 to September 2015). The data was collected in a pre-designed proforma. The knowledge of the community was considered with regards to oral hygiene and harmful effects of bad food habits and tobacco consumption. The oral problems and hygiene was assessed by using mouth mirror and probe. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 Software.
Results: Out of the total data collected, 75 of the data entries were obtained from urban area and urban slum area each. The age wise distribution was done as well in both the areas. Among them, most common age group was 20-45 years (50.7% in urban while 48.0% in urban slum) followed by 10-19 years, 46-60 years, 1-9 years and 60and above age group. The common symptoms observed like broken teeth (28%), gingivitis (13.30%), caries (21.10%) etc. were more in urban as compared to urban slum areas. Most common brushing practice was using paste (90%) followed by powder (10%) and salt (1%). More number of people in urban area (28%) consumes carbonated drinks as compared to urban slum (6.7%) (P value = 0.001). The proportion of sensitive teeth was more in urban (36%) as compared to urban slum (26.7%) (P value = 0.126). Most of the people in urban as well as urban slum area (97.3%) change their brush within 15 days-3 months.
Conclusion: The proportion of gingivitis, dental illness, grinding teeth, sensitive teeth are more commonly seen in urban areas as compared to that of the urban slums. However, the proportion of bleeding gums, awareness regarding dental problems, frequency of brushing teeth and pattern of brushing were almost similar in both of the areas.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Ritodrine Versus Nifedipine in Prevention of Preterm Labour in Direct Head to Head Randomized Control Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Panchal Viraj , Darji Nishita , Rana Devang 
Published: November 2018

Aims and Objectives: To compare the efficacy of ritodrine versus nifedipine in prevention of preterm labour at day two and seven.
Methodology: All randomised control trials which follows PRISMA guidelines 2009 and in which Ritodrine and Nifedipine was compared head to head for the treatment of Pre-term labour. Clinical trial registries,MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE database were searched for MeSH terms Ritodrine, Nifedipine, pre-term labour and having primary outcome as number of delivery at day 2 and 7. Observational studies, unpublished studies, RCTs not following PRISMA guidelines were excluded. Data was analyzed using RevMan 5.3 version® and Odd’s Ratio was calculated to determine the difference at day 2 and 7. Both fixed effect and Random effect model was utilized to calculate the difference. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The I2 will be used to measure the heterogeneity between studies and a value > 30.0 will be considered to reflect heterogeneity.
Results: A total of 6 Head to head RCTs were included in the studies. At day 2, according to fixed effect model, statistically ritodrine was having more likelihood for delivery as compared to nifedipine(Odd’s ratio=1.492, CI=1.013-2.197, P=0.043) but according to random effect model the difference was not statistically significant(Odd’s ratio=1.468, CI=0.919-2.344, P=0.108). At day 7, according to fixed effect model, ritodrine was having more likelihood for delivery as compared to nifedipine(Odd’s ratio=1.196, CI=0.852-1.679, P=0.302) and according to random effect model the difference was not statistically significant(Odd’s ratio=1.143, CI=0.720-1.815, P=0.572).
Conclusion: Ritodrine causes more deliveries at day 2 and 7, so nifedipine is a better tocolytic as compared to ritodrine.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Monotherapy with Carbamazepine and Phenytoin In Epilepsy : A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shah Aashka , Rana Devang , Malhotra Supriya 
Published: November 2018

Aims and Objectives

To review and analyse statistically the evidence from existing randomised controlled trials.
To compare the efficacy and safety of carbamazepine and phenytoin when used as monotherapy treatments.
To assess the effectiveness of the drug at controlling seizures and to evaluate tolerability with regard to side effects of these drugs.

Methodology: A systemic review with the comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of monotherapy with Carbamazepine and Phenytoin in epilepsy was carried out. Seven studies with Randomised Controlled Trials of carbamazepine and phenytoin as monotherapy were taken up for Meta Analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Time to withdrawal of allocated treatment (retention time) was chosen as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included Time to achieve 12-month remission (seizure-free period), Time to achieve six-month remission (seizure-free period), Time to first seizure post-randomisation, Adverse events (including adverse events relating to treatment withdrawal. The data was entered in the MedCalc Statistical Software version 17.5.5 and analysed. The principal summary measure were the Odd’s Ratio And Hazard Ratio (HR) (at 95% Confidence Interval). Funnel Plot and Forest Plot were plotted.
Results: The overall pooled odd‘s ratio for the primary outcome (for 862 participants) was 0.882(fixed effect model) and 0.877(random effect model) (95% confidence interval (CI)0.63 to 1.22, P = 0.3643). The P value was 0.3643 which proved the statistically insignificant difference in the efficacy of the two drugs(0.05 is considered as significant p value). As for the adverse effects ; rash, dysmorphic and idiosyncratic side effects include gum hypertrophy , hirsutism , acne etc. are more frequently associated with phenytoin. Drowsiness, Tiredness, Fatigue and sedation are more associated with carbamazepine as compared to phenytoin. The overall pooled odd’s ratio for “Time to achieve 6 month remission” (for 232 participants) was 1.232(fixed) and 1.272(random) (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.732 to 2.073(fixed), P = 0.0910), indicating an advantage for phenytoin for the 6 month remission outcome.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there was no statistically significant difference achieved between the two treatment arms. Hence the neurophysician is compelled to rely on the individual patient characteristics for dispensing the drug. Hence the study provides a robust evidence that the two treatments are equally efficacious.
A Strategy for Role Assignment in Simulation Using Collaborative Cognition
Authors: Carey Jeanne , Woo Jennifer , Lindley Marie , Lewis Ashantà Z. , Wilburn Breanne 
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this article is to present an innovative education strategy for role assignment in simulation that encourages collaboration and prioritization, while highlighting critical thinking.

Background:
Traditional methods of role assignment in simulation distribute nursing duties among multiple participants, assigning students as a primary or a secondary nurse or dictating specific tasks such as medication administration, assessment, or documentation. This allows students to divide and conquer, rather than prioritize and delegate.

Method:
In the Two-Heads-Are-Better-Than-One strategy, two students assume the role of one nurse and are instructed to move and act as if they are one person.

Results:
The Two-Heads-Are-Better-Than-One strategy requires the two students functioning as one nurse to collaborate, discuss differences of opinion, and formulate a plan of care for the simulated patient.

Conclusion:

This innovative approach to role assignment in simulation provides clinical faculty with a unique perspective for assessing critical thinking and clinical reasoning. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(11):694–697.]
Unique Composition of Intronless and Intron-Containing Type I IFNs in the Tibetan Frog Nanorana parkeri Provides New Evidence To Support Independent Retroposition Hypothesis for Type I IFN Genes in Amphibians
Authors: Gan Zhen , Yang Yue Cong , Chen Shan Nan , Hou Jing , Laghari Zubair Ahmed , Huang Bei , Li Nan , Nie Pin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In vertebrates, intron-containing and intronless type I IFN genes have recently been reported in amphibian model species Xenopus tropicalis and X. laevis. However, whether intronless type I IFNs in amphibians are the ancestral genes of type I IFNs in amniotes or just represent the independent divergence in amphibians is unknown or even uninvestigated. In this study, both intron-containing and intronless type I IFN genes, as well as their receptor genes, were identified in the Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri. The evidence obtained from homology, synteny, phylogeny, and divergence time showed that intronless type I IFN genes in N. parkeri and in Xenopus might have arisen from two independent retroposition events occurred in these two lineages, and the retrotransposition causing the generation of intronless type I IFN genes in amniotes is another independent event beyond the two in amphibians. It can then be proposed that intronless type I IFNs in N. parkeri and Xenopus may not be the ancestral genes of intronless type I IFNs in amniotes but may just represent two independent bifurcations in the amphibian lineage. Furthermore, both intronless and intron-containing type I IFNs in N. parkeri showed strong ability in inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and the strong antiviral activity against frog virus 3. The present study thus provides the evolutionary evidence to support the independent retroposition hypothesis for the occurrence of intronless type I IFN genes in amphibians and contributes to a functional understanding of type I IFNs in this group of vertebrates.
Aire Controls in Trans the Production of Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells Expressing Ly-6C/Ly-6G
Authors: Morimoto Junko , Nishikawa Yumiko , Kakimoto Takumi , Furutani Kohei , Kihara Naoki , Matsumoto Minoru , Tsuneyama Koichi , Kozono Yuko , Kozono Haruo , Hozumi Katsuto , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Nishijima Hitoshi , Matsumoto Mitsuru 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), which express a wide range of tissue-restricted Ags (TRAs), contribute to the establishment of self-tolerance by eliminating autoreactive T cells and/or inducing regulatory T cells. Aire controls a diverse set of TRAs within Aire-expressing cells by employing various transcriptional pathways. As Aire has a profound effect on transcriptomes of mTECs, including TRAs not only at the single-cell but also the population level, we suspected that Aire (Aire+ mTECs) might control the cellular composition of the thymic microenvironment. In this study, we confirmed that this is indeed the case by identifying a novel mTEC subset expressing Ly-6 family protein whose production was defective in Aire-deficient thymi. Reaggregated thymic organ culture experiments demonstrated that Aire did not induce the expression of Ly-6C/Ly-6G molecules from mTECs as Aire-dependent TRAs in a cell-intrinsic manner. Instead, Aire+ mTECs functioned in trans to maintain Ly-6C/Ly-6G+ mTECs. Thus, Aire not only controls TRA expression transcriptionally within the cell but also controls the overall composition of mTECs in a cell-extrinsic manner, thereby regulating the transcriptome from mTECs on a global scale.
’n Korpusondersoek na huidiglik
Authors: Van Huyssteen Gerhard B. 
Published: November 2018

A corpus exploration of huidiglik. In tandem with Van Huyssteen (2018a), this article examines the current usage of the word huidiglik (‘currently’) (an alleged Anglicism), together with other associated words (e.g. its base, huidig ‘current’). Based on a comprehensive literature review, Van Huyssteen (2018a) concludes that apart from stylistic preferences, none of the linguistic arguments against huidiglik holds water. In this article, a corpus exploration of some of the issues pertaining to huidiglik is undertaken. Based on evidence from a large variety of corpora, we conclude that huidiglik has become well-established in Afrikaans over the past four decades, both in formal texts and informal chat language. Since it does not displace any of its often-prescribed synonyms (like tans, deesdae, or teenswoordig), it confirms that arguments for its status as an Anglicism is rather thin. Although the inflected form huidige is mostly used as prenominal adjective, its uninflected form is also used with noticeable frequency as adverb and predicative adjective. Huidiglik, however, is used almost exclusively as adverb, rarely as inflected attributive adjective, but never as predicative adjective. Lastly, it is shown that adverbialising ⋅lik occurs with high frequency in Afrikaans, but it is not very productive. In addition, it is illustrated that ⋅ig⋅lik is an entrenched suffix pairing.