bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early exercise pulmonary diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide after anatomical lung resection: a word of caution for fast-track programmes
Authors: Novoa Nuria M , Esteban Pedro , Gómez Hernández Maria Teresa , Fuentes Marta G , Varela Gonzalo , Jiménez Marcelo F 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In healthy individuals, increasing pulmonary blood flow during exercise also increases the % of the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO%), but its evolution after lung resection is unknown. In this study, our goal was to measure changes in exercise DLCO% during the first 3 days after anatomical lung resection.

METHODS
We performed a prospective observational study on consecutive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer scheduled for anatomical resection, except pneumonectomy, during a 6-month period. Patients underwent measurement of the DLCO% by a single-breath technique adjusted by the concentration of haemoglobin—before and after standardized exercise the day before and 3 consecutive days after surgery. The delta (Δ) variation (basal versus exercise) was calculated. The number of functioning resected segments was calculated by bronchoscopy. Postoperative pain and pleural air leak were estimated using a visual analogue scale and graduated conventional pleural drainage systems, respectively, and their influence on ΔDLCO each postoperative day was evaluated by linear regression analysis.

RESULTS
Fifty-seven patients were included. The visual analogue scale of pain and pleural air leaks were not correlated to Δ values (model R2: 0.0048). The evolution of Δ values during 3 postoperative days showed a progressive recovery of values, but on the third day, DLCO% capacity during exercise was still impaired (P < 0.01), especially in patients who underwent a resection of more than 3 functioning segments.

CONCLUSIONS
Physiological increase in DLCO% during exercise is still impaired on the third postoperative day in patients undergoing resection of more than 3 functioning pulmonary segments. This fact should be considered before discharging those patients after anatomical lung resection.
Change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into missing first molar or second premolar space
Authors: Baik Un-Bong , Choi Hong-Beom , Kim Yoon-Ji , Lee Dong-Yul , Sugawara Junji , Nanda Ravindra 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Objective
To investigate the factors associated with the change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into the space of the missing first molar (L6) or second premolar (LE).

Methods
Fifty-one patients in whom space of the missing L6 or LE was treated with second molar protraction (13 males, 38 females, mean age 19.6 ± 4.7 years) from 2003 to 2015 were included. The alveolar bone level and position and angulation of the mandibular second and third molars were measured in panoramic radiographs at pre-treatment (T1), and after the alignment of the third molars following second molar protraction (T2). Factors associated with alveolar bone loss on the distal aspect of the mandibular second molars were assessed using linear regression analysis.

Results
Age at T1 (P < 0.001) and third molar angulation at T1 (P = 0.002) were significant factors for the prediction of alveolar bone level distal to the second molars.

Limitation
This study used two-dimensional panoramic radiographs, and we could observe only the interproximal bone level.

Conclusions
After second molar protraction into the missing first molar or second premolar space, mandibular second molars may exhibit alveolar bone resorption in the distal root in older patients and in those with mesially tilted third molars before treatment.
Cultural Engagement Is a Risk-Reducing Factor for Frailty Incidence and Progression
Authors: Rogers Nina Trivedy , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesGiven that frailty is a multifaceted health condition of increasing importance to policy-makers and care providers, it is relevant to consider whether multimodal interventions could provide combined psychophysiological support. As studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of cultural engagement (including visiting museums/theatre/cinema) for many of the components of frailty, this study sought to explore whether community cultural engagement is associated both with a reduced risk of becoming frail and a slower trajectory of frailty progression in older adults.MethodsWe used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to measure frequency of cultural engagement and both incident frailty and frailty progression over the following 10 years in 4,575 adults.ResultsOur analyses used competing risks regression models and multilevel growth curve models adjusting for socioeconomic, health behaviors, social confounders, and subthreshold symptoms of frailty. There was a dose–response relationship between increasing frequency of cultural engagement and both incidence and progression of frailty (attendance every few months or more: incidence subhazard ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63 to 0.996; trajectory coefficient = –0.0039, 95% CI = –0.0059 to –0.0019).DiscussionOlder adults who engaged in cultural activities every few months or more had a reduced risk of becoming frail and a slower progression of frailty over time. Findings are in line with current calls for multimodal, multifactor, community approaches to support health in older age.
Affective and Situational Precipitants of Smoking Lapses Among Adolescents
Authors: Treloar Padovano Hayley , Merrill Jennifer E , Colby Suzanne M , Kahler Christopher W , Gwaltney Chad J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Most adolescent smokers report a desire to quit, and many have made several unsuccessful quit attempts; however, when adolescents attempt to quit, they often resume smoking quickly. This ecological study aimed to (1) characterize affective and situational precipitants of smoking lapses among adolescents and (2) explore the moderating influence of nicotine dependence severity on lapse precipitants.

Methods
Adolescent daily smokers (n = 166; ages 14–18 years) completed electronic diaries of cigarettes smoked, craving and affective states, and situational variables on handheld computers in their natural environment for 2 weeks following an unassisted quit attempt. On average, adolescents were moderately nicotine dependent (Modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire [mFTQ] score = 4.9; SD = 1.6).

Results
Craving was a significant episodic cue for lapse and stable influence on lapse, relating to 44% and 15% increased odds of lapse, respectively. High-arousal affective states—regardless of valence—were associated with 12%–13% increased odds of lapse. Low-arousal positive affective states were associated with 17% decreased odds of lapse. A 1-unit difference in a teen’s mFTQ score related to 27% increased odds of lapse, but dependence severity did not moderate proximal lapse influences.

Conclusions
This report provides some of the first ecological data characterizing adolescent smoking lapses following a quit attempt. As in prior work with teens, lapses were nearly universal and quickly followed the quit attempt. Specific situational and affective contexts of smoking lapses for adolescents were implicated, indicating the need for cessation interventions to address craving and high-arousal affective states as precipitators of lapse in this high-risk group.

Implications
This report provides some of the first ecological data characterizing smoking lapses among teens attempting to quit smoking on their own. Like adults, adolescents face many barriers when making quit attempts. The present work provides ecological data to suggest that the experience of heightened arousal in teens’ daily lives interferes with their efforts to quit smoking. Thus, this work highlights the importance of affective dysregulation, or amplitude of emotional feelings, for teen smoking lapses. Moment-to-moment fluctuation in craving was also implicated as a dynamic precipitator of smoking lapse in this high-risk group.
Exploration of Policy Makers’ Views on the Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the Gambia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jallow Isatou K , Britton John , Langley Tessa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is the first international health treaty and has now been ratified by 181 countries. However, there are concerns that in many countries, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries, FCTC legislations and implementation are weak. In this study, we report a qualitative study undertaken to assess policy makers’ awareness of the FCTC and national tobacco control policies, and assessed the achievements and challenges to the implementation of the FCTC in the Gambia.

Methods
The study involved semi-structured one-to-one interviews with 28 members of the National Tobacco Control Committee in the Gambia, which is responsible for formulating tobacco control policies and making recommendations for tobacco control. We used the Framework method and NVivo11 software for data analysis.

Results
Our findings demonstrate that the Gambia has made modest progress in tobacco control before and since ratification of the FCTC, particularly in the areas of policy formulation, bans on tobacco advertising and promotion, smoke-free laws, and tobacco taxation. Although several pieces of tobacco control legislation exist, enforcement and implementation remain a major challenge. We found that policy makers’ awareness of polices covered in the FCTC was limited.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight several challenges to the FCTC implementation and the need to step up efforts that will help to accomplish the obligations of the FCTC. To achieve the obligations of the FCTC, the Gambia should develop specific public awareness interventions, establish cessation services, mobilize adequate resources for tobacco control and strengthen tobacco surveillance and research.
Russian
Authors: Bailyn John Frederick , Bondarenko Tatiana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the major types of elliptical constructions in Russian: NP-ellipsis, clausal ellipsis (sluicing, sprouting, polarity ellipsis), vP-ellipsis, gapping, comparative deletion, Right-Node Raising, and fragment answers. The aim of this chapter is to examine these constructions in a cross-linguistic perspective, highlighting phenomena that seem peculiar to Russian, and outlining the set of restrictions on ellipsis licensing that does not differ from those of other languages. In addition, we discuss the controversial puzzle of verb-stranding constructions: these constructions seem to involve ellipsis, but its nature is still a matter of debate in the current literature.
Race, Ethnicity, and American Immigration Policy
Authors: Law Anna O. , Tichenor Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
From the earliest days of U.S. nationhood, race and ethnicity have profoundly influenced the politics and governance of immigration. To be sure, this policy arena has been shaped by a variety of economic, social, cultural, and political forces. Yet it is impossible to explain the arc of American immigration policy over time save for recurrent battles over racial and ethnic criteria. This chapter reviews an impressive body of scholarship that chronicles the prominence of race and ethnicity as grounds for immigrant inclusion or exclusion as well as the myriad of ways race and ethnicity have affected the integration and acceptance of immigrants for generations. Additionally, much of the scholarship reviewed in this essay underscores the evolving meaning of racial and ethnic categories even as ascriptive hierarchies have proven durable.
Feasibility of a Hybrid Web-Based and In-Person Self-management Intervention Aimed at Preventing Acute to Chronic Pain Transition After Major Lower Extremity Trauma (iPACT-E-Trauma): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bérubé M , Gélinas C , Feeley N , Martorella G , Côté J , Laflamme G Y , Rouleau D M , Choinière M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Objective 1) To assess the feasibility of research methods to test a self-management intervention aimed at preventing acute to chronic pain transition in patients with major lower extremity trauma (iPACT-E-Trauma) and 2) to evaluate its potential effects at three and six months postinjury.
Design A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups.
Setting A supraregional level 1 trauma center.
Methods Fifty-six adult patients were randomized. Participants received the intervention or an educational pamphlet. Several parameters were evaluated to determine the feasibility of the research methods. The potential efficacy of iPACT-E-Trauma was evaluated with measures of pain intensity and pain interference with activities.
Results More than 80% of eligible patients agreed to participate, and an attrition rate of ≤18% was found. Less than 40% of screened patients were eligible, and obtaining baseline data took 48 hours postadmission on average. Mean scores of mild pain intensity and pain interference with daily activities (<4/10) on average were obtained in both groups at three and six months postinjury. Between 20% and 30% of participants reported moderate to high mean scores (≥4/10) on these outcomes at the two follow-up time measures. The experimental group perceived greater considerable improvement in pain (60% in the experimental group vs 46% in the control group) at three months postinjury. Low mean scores of pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale score < 30) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores ≤ 10) were obtained through the end of the study.
Conclusions Some challenges that need to be addressed in a future RCT include the small proportion of screened patients who were eligible and the selection of appropriate tools to measure the development of chronic pain. Studies will need to be conducted with patients presenting more serious injuries and psychological vulnerability or using a stepped screening approach.
Solving Burglary Offences: Building a Model to Predict Clearance of Burglary Following Initial Investigation
Authors: Olphin Tom W L , Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Banerjee Anindya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This research identifies solvability factors for burglary offences, and develops previous research by building, and testing, an algorithmic prediction model for solvability of burglary offences. It is based on a full population of 9,655 burglary offences reported to a UK Police force between 1st April 2012 and 30th April 2015. The dataset was split in half, with half being used to build the model and half to test it. Thirty-one solvability factors were identified, along with nine case-limiting factors, allowing a logit model to be built to predict solvability of burglary offences. When compared to a model of investigating all burglary offences, use of this model would reduce investigative workload by up to 42.2%, or 1,321 cases per year.
Distal Femur Locking Plates Fit Poorly Before and After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Campbell Sean T. , Bosch Liam C. , Swinford Steven , Amanatullah Derek F. , Bishop Julius A. , Gardner Michael J. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the fit of distal femur locking plates. Secondarily, we sought to compare plate fit among patients with and without a total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
University hospital.

Intervention:
Standard length precontoured distal femur locking plates from 4 manufacturers were digitally templated onto each patient's pre-TKA and post-TKA radiographs.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The maximum distance from the plate to the lateral femoral cortex (plate-bone distance) was measured in the metaphyseal region. Mean plate-bone distances were compared between manufacturers and between pre-TKA and post-TKA radiographs.

Results:
All implants tested were undercontoured in all patients. Plate-bone distances ranged from 6.6 ± 0.4 mm to 8.0 ± 0.4 mm (mean ± SE) pre-TKA and 8.2 ± 0.3 mm to 8.6 ± 0.3 mm after TKA, indicating worse fit after arthroplasty (P < 0.001). There were also intermanufacturer differences, with Synthes and Smith & Nephew implants demonstrating the lowest plate-bone distances in the pre-TKA and post-TKA groups, respectively. Proportionally, plate-bone increase was greater in the female cohort (16%) compared with the male cohort (8%).

Conclusions:
There was plate-bone mismatch for the distal femur locking plates tested in this study, due to undercontouring of the implants. After patients underwent TKA, poor implant fit was exacerbated. Surgeons must be aware of the potential for deformity if the proximal segment is brought into contact with the implant. These finding may help optimize implant design for the treatment of periprosthetic distal femur fractures.
Comparison of Antiaging Effects on Rat Skin of Cog Thread and Poly-l-Lactic Acid Thread
Authors: Kapicioğlu Yelda , Gül Mehmet , Saraç Gülbahar , Yiğitcan Birgül , Gözükara Harika 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND
Polydioxanone Cog thread and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) thread have been used clinically for lifting and antiaging purposes. However, the histological changes in tissue and the efficacy of these 2 different types of thread have not been compared.

OBJECTIVE
This study used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and electron microscopy (EM) to compare the results associated with the use of Cog thread and PLLA thread in rat skin.

METHODS
Thirty female rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 rats each: a control group; a Cog group; and a PLLA group. Biopsy specimens obtained at 1, 3, and 6 months were examined using H&E, MT, and EM.

RESULTS
Although significant increases were observed in dermal thickness and the numbers of fibroblasts in the PLLA group compared with the control group within the first month (p: .019), there were no significant differences between the Cog and control groups during this period (p: .245). Dermal thickness (p: .002) and numbers of fibroblasts (p: .001) were similar in samples obtained from the PLLA and Cog groups at 3 and 6 months, and both groups showed significantly improved outcomes compared with the control group.

CONCLUSION
Poly-l-lactic acid and Cog sutures were effective in facial rejuvenation; both increased dermis thickness and stimulated collagen production.
Facial Nerve Outcomes Following Total Excision of Vestibular Schwannoma by the Enlarged Translabyrinthine Approach
Authors: Dandinarasaiah Manjunath , Prasad Sampath Chandra , Piccirillo Enrico , Vashishth Ashish , Valentina Mastronardi , Grinblat Golda , Codreanu Corneliu Mircea , Sanna Mario 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To study the early and late facial nerve (FN) outcomes in different tumor classes in addition to determining the predictive factors for the same.

Study Design:
A retrospective clinical study.

Setting:
A quaternary referral otology and skull base center.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study of 1983 cases of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with preoperative normal FN function, undergoing total excision with anatomical preservation of the nerve by enlarged translabyrinthine approach (ETLA) were included. FN status was recorded postoperatively at day 1, at discharge, and at 1-year follow-up and were analyzed in different tumor sizes.

Results:
At 1 year, 988 patients with House–Brackmann (H–B) grade I and II FN at day 1 after surgery, 958 (96.9%) maintained their status up-to 1 year. Of the 216 patients with H–B grade III at day 1 after surgery, 113 (52.3%) improved to H–B grade I and II. Similarly, of the 779 patients with H–B grade IV and VI FN function at day 1 after surgery, improvement to H–B III and H–B I and II were noted in 442 (56.7%) and 80 (10.3%) of patients, respectively. Intrameatal and extrameatal tumors upto 2 cm showed better recovery from H–B grade III to H–B I and II and from H–B grade IV and VI to H–B I and III when compared with extrameatal tumors >2 cm (p = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Tumors of smaller sizes have good immediate postoperative FN results and recover well at the end of 1 year while more than 3 cm have poor outcomes and recover poorly at the end of 1 year. When the VSs reaches more than 1 cm, the HB I and II outcomes drop significantly.
Flat Panel Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome
Authors: Tunkel Alexandra Elaine , Carey John Patrick , Pearl Monica 
Published: January 2019

Hypothesis:
Flat panel computed tomography (FPCT) provides more accurate measurements of dimensions for superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) than multislice CT (MSCT).

Background:
SCD syndrome occurs when a bony defect of the superior semicircular canal causes vestibular and auditory symptoms. MSCT can overestimate the size of the canal defect, with possible over-diagnosis of SCD and suboptimal selection of surgical approach. The higher resolution of FPCT should afford more accurate measurements of these defects.

Methods:
Radiographic and surgical measurements were compared in 22 patients (mean age 49.4) with clinical SCD syndrome and canal defects confirmed at surgery. Twenty second FPCT scans were acquired before surgery with parameters: 109Kv, small focus, 200 degrees rotation angle, and 0.4 degree per frame angulation step. Dehiscence dimensions were measured from orthogonal multiplanar reconstructions on a high-resolution liquid crystal display monitor and compared with actual measurements recorded during microsurgery.

Results:
SCD dimensions by FPCT (x) were 2.8 ± 1.6 mm for length and 0.72 ± 0.28 mm for width. The surgical measurements (y) were 2.8 ± 1.7 mm for length and 0.72 ± 0.34 mm for width. Linear fits between x and y yielded R2 values of 0.93 (length) and 0.66 (width). Our previous study using MSCT had R2 values of 0.28 (length) and 0.48 (width). The average difference between each FPCT and corresponding surgical measurement was not significantly different from zero, whereas the results for MSCT were significantly different.

Conclusion:
FPCT can provide more accurate measurements of SCD than MSCT. Clinicians should consider using FPCT for imaging suspected SCD.
Anatomy of the Surrounding Tissue of the Eustachian Tube in Patulous Eustachian Tube: 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach
Authors: Yoshida Haruo , Takahashi Haruo , Morikawa Minoru 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:
To clarify the possible pathological conditions of cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube (ET) and its surrounding tissues.

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Patients:
Twenty-five normal subjects (control group) and 25 patients with patulous ET (patulous group).

Methods:
We reconstructed cross-sectional 3 Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) images using the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) technique. Cross-section area widths that were measured included the following: 1) inferior head of lateral pterygoid muscle (PM); 2) pterygoid venous plexus (PVP); 3) medial soft tissues of ET, including ET cartilage; and 4) maximum cross-sectional area of high intensity surrounding the medial ET lumen.

Results:
A statistically significant difference was found in the thickness of the inferior head of the lateral PM between male and female; it was thicker in the male participants. Ostmann's fatty tissue (OF) was significantly smaller in the patulous ET group.

Conclusion:
Smaller size of the surrounding tissues of the ET, viz., the OF, may contribute to the pathogenesis of patulous ET.