bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Predictive Value of the Clinical Frailty Scale on Discharge Destination and Complications in Older Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Chan Sarah , Wong Eric K. C. , Ward Sarah E. , Kuan David , Wong Camilla L. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
To determine whether the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), a validated frailty tool, was associated with discharge destination. Secondary objectives were to determine whether the CFS was associated with in-hospital complications and length of stay.

Design:
This is a 5-year retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
The study took place at an academic Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
All patients 65 years of age and older admitted with an isolated hip fracture were included (N = 423).

Intervention:
Preadmission CFS was determined as part of routine clinical care prospectively and abstracted from the chart.

Main Outcome Measurements:
We collected demographic and process data associated with adverse outcomes (age, sex, time to surgery, and mode of anesthesia) and used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between CFS with discharge destination, in-hospital complications, and length of stay.

Results:
Preadmission frailty was independently associated with adverse discharge destination (adjusted odds ratio 23.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.0–173.5) and in-hospital complications (adjusted odds ratio 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–10.8) in greater magnitude than traditional risk factors such as age, male sex, time to surgery, and mode of anesthesia. There was a dose–response relationship between increasing frailty and length of stay (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Preadmission frailty as quantified by the CFS is associated with discharge destination, in-hospital complications, and length of stay.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Impact of Hemodialysis on Mortality and Personal Independence After Hip Fracture. A Prospective Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Orabona Nicola , Bove Antonio , Smeraglia Francesco , Rizzo Maria , Russo Bruno , Traficante Francesco , Mariconda Massimo 
Published: June 2019

Objective:To determine the cumulative 30-day and 1-year mortality as well as personal independence after hip fracture in patients on hemodialysis.Design:Prospective, observational cohort study with matched controls.Setting:One teaching hospital, one metropolitan trauma center, one peripheral hospital.Patients and Intervention:Study group: a consecutive cohort of 64 patients with end-stage renal disease receiving chronic hemodialysis who had undergone surgery for a trochanteric or femoral neck fracture from June 2008 to November 2016. Control group: subjects without end-stage renal disease who underwent surgery for similar hip fractures.Main Outcome Measure:One-year mortality, activities of daily living, and ambulatory activity.Results:The 30-day and 1-year mortality rate in patients with a hip fracture undergoing hemodialysis was 25.0% and 57.8%, respectively. Hemodialysis was independently associated with increased 30-day (Hazard ratio 2.933; 95% confidence interval 1.270–6.770;P= 0.018) and 1-year (hazard ratio 2.535; 95% confidence interval, 1.494–4.299;P< 0.001) mortality compared with the matched controls. At the 1-year follow-up, loss of personal independence in comparison with the prefracture status was detected.Conclusions:Hemodialysis was associated with increased mortality after hip fracture. A worse prefracture functional status predicted the loss of functional independence at follow-up.Level of Evidence:Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clozapine Rechallenge Following Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Authors: Lally John , McCaffrey Cathal , O'Murchu Conall , Krivoy Amir , Guerandel Allys , MacCabe James H. , Gaughran Fiona 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurpose/BackgroundNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has been described with most antipsychotics, most commonly first generation. Clozapine has also been associated with NMS.Methods/ProceduresWe conducted a systematic review to identify all studies investigating or describing (a) clozapine rechallenge following suspected NMS associated with clozapine, (b) clozapine use after suspected NMS associated with another antipsychotic, and (c) rechallenge with nonclozapine antipsychotics after suspected clozapine-associated NMS.Findings/ResultsWe identified 51 reports detailing 67 cases. Thirty-eight described clozapine administration after NMS on a nonclozapine antipsychotic; 12 described a clozapine rechallenge after an NMS on clozapine monotherapy; and 17 described the use of nonclozapine antipsychotics after an NMS on clozapine. The outcome of clozapine rechallenge was favorable (no recurrence of NMS) in 92% (n = 11) of cases after an NMS on clozapine and in 79% (n = 30) of those prescribed clozapine following NMS on a nonclozapine antipsychotic. Most (82%; n = 14) cases after NMS on clozapine had no recurrence of NMS on receiving a nonclozapine antipsychotic.No mortality was reported with any of these interventions.Implications/ConclusionsOur findings suggest that rechallenge following clozapine NMS is possible, and with careful risk-benefit analysis consideration, a clozapine rechallenge can be made. A publication bias in favor of cases in which rechallenge was successful is probable and is an important limitation.
Clozapine-Related Myocarditis and Rechallenge
Authors: Noël Marie-Christine , Powell Valerie , Burton Leah , Panda Roshni , Remington Gary 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose/Background
That clozapine is the only agent with an indication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia presents real challenges if clozapine-related myocarditis (CIM) occurs. Clinicians have chosen to rechallenge with a second trial of clozapine in the face of CIM. However, there is very limited literature of this topic.

Methods/Procedures
Three cases who underwent clozapine rechallenge after CIM are reviewed and discussed in the context of existing literature and current recommendations.

Findings/Results
We present 3 young male patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who developed CIM during a first clozapine trial, stopped treatment, and subsequently underwent a second clozapine trial. In all cases, the rechallenge was discontinued owing to suspected CIM. A review of the literature includes reports of both successful and unsuccessful clozapine rechallenges after CIM and suggests certain risk factors. Clozapine rechallenge after CIM may be undertaken, as now occurs on occasion with agranulocytosis, although rates of success may be lower. Any such undertaking calls for education, careful monitoring, cautious titration, and a multidisciplinary approach. The balance of risk versus benefits must be considered, and strategies may include a drug holiday, more frequent monitoring upon reinitiation, and slower titration.

Implications/Conclusions
Pressure to undertake a rechallenge reflects clozapine's unique role in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and absence of other comparable options. However, it is not without risk, and more research is needed to understand those at increased risk, as well as established strategies that diminish this.
Comparison of Patient Satisfaction Between Composite and Dorsum Augmentation-Only Nasal Reconstructions With Diced Cartilage Graft Wrapped in Fascia
Authors: Çerçi Özkan Aret , Kozanoğlu Erol 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The comparison of patient satisfaction with the use of diced cartilage graft wrapped in fascia (DCF) graft in composite versus dorsum augmentation-only reconstructions (DAOR), technical hints and complications in our series, affecting the end-result and the patient satisfaction (PS) has been presented.
Between 2013 and 2018 the DC-F graft is used in 32 rhinoplasty cases. Nine of patients have had composite reconstruction (CR). The DAOR has been needed for 23 of patients.
The follow-up period has been 2 months to 3 years. The authors have obtained satisfactory results in 24 cases but some untoward progress in 8 cases. A questionnaire was prepared and asked all patients for the assessment of the satisfaction from appearance, breathing, self-esteem, and positive psychological effect.
The learning curve for rhinoplasty should be calculated for, hump reduction, crooked nose, augmentation rhinoplasty, and so on. separately which is also relevant for the use of a DC-F graft. Placing the DC-F over a straight platform, choosing the accurate graft and fascia material wisely, proper tailoring of DC-F, sliding it under the skin-superficial musculoaponeurotic system properly etc. determine the quality of the end result and the degree of PS. Operating on the DAOR are relatively more comfortable compared to CRs but responses to our questionnaire denote higher degrees of satisfaction in CR cases.
Utilization of the DC-F graft in secondary rhinoplasties for dorsum augmentation provides satisfactory results. The degree of PS with the DC-F reconstruction seems to have an adverse correlation with the extent of deformities that you start with.
Evaluating the Effect of Surgical Skill on Outcomes for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Varban Oliver A. , Thumma Jyothi R. , Finks Jonathan F. , Carlin Arthur M. , Ghaferi Amir A. , Dimick Justin B. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Prior studies have demonstrated a correlation between surgical skill and complication rates after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, the impact of surgical skill on a similar but less technically challenging procedure such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is unknown.

Methods:
Practicing bariatric surgeons (n = 25) participating in a statewide quality improvement collaborative submitted an unedited deidentified video of a representative laparoscopic SG. Videos were obtained between 2015 and 2016 and were rated by bariatric surgeons in a blinded fashion using a validated instrument that assesses surgical skill. Overall scores were based on a 5-point Likert scale with 5 representing a “master surgeon” and 1 representing a “surgeon-in-training.” Risk-adjusted 30-day complication rates, 1-year weight loss among cases performed during the study period, and operative technique were compared between surgeons rated in the top and bottom quartiles according to skill.

Results:
Surgeon ratings for skill varied between 2.73 and 4.60. Ratings for skill did not correlate with overall 30-day risk-adjusted complication rates (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.213, P = 0.303). However, surgeons with higher skill ratings had lower rates of specific surgical complications, including postoperative obstruction (0.13% vs 0.3%, P = 0.017), hemorrhage (0.85% vs 1.27%, P = 0.005), and reoperation (0.24% vs 0.92%, P < 0.0001). Surgeons ranked in the top quartile for skill had faster operating times for SG (59.0 vs 82.1 min, P < 0.0001) and higher annual case volumes for both SG and any bariatric procedure (224.3 cases/yr vs 73.4 cases/yr, P = 0.009 and 244.9 cases/yr and 93.9 cases/yr, P = 0.009) when compared with surgeons in the bottom quartile. When comparing operative technique, top rated surgeons were noted to have a higher likelihood of using buttressing (83.3% vs 0%, P = 0.0041) and intraoperative endoscopy (83.3% vs 0%, P = 0.0041).

Conclusions:
Peer ratings for surgical skill varied for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy but did not have a significant impact on overall complication rates. Top rated surgeons had lower rates of obstruction, hemorrhage, and reoperation; however, severe morbidity remained extremely low among all surgeons.
Shaped to kill: The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean
Authors: Damian-Serrano Alejandro , Haddock Steven H.D. , Dunn Casey W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPredator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary ‘dead-end’ due to the constraints associated with the evolution of morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in separate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches armed with nematocysts) exclusively for prey capture. Here we study how siphonophore specialists and generalists evolve, and what morphological changes are associated with these transitions. To answer these questions, we: (1) measured 29 morphological characters of tentacles from 45 siphonophore species, (2) mapped these data to a phylogenetic tree, and (3) analyzed the evolutionary associations between morphological characters and prey type data from the literature. Instead of a dead-end, we found that siphonophore specialists can evolve into generalists, and that specialists on one prey type have directly evolved into specialists on other prey types. Our results show that siphonophore tentillum morphology has strong evolutionary associations with prey type, and suggest that shifts between prey types are linked to shifts in the morphology, mode of evolution, and genetic correlations of tentilla and their nematocysts. The evolutionary history of siphonophore specialization helps build a broader perspective on predatory niche diversification via morphological innovation and evolution. These findings contribute to understanding how specialization and morphological evolution have shaped present-day food webs.Significance StatementPredatory specialization is often associated with the evolution of modifications in the morphology of the prey capture apparatus. Specialization has been considered an evolutionary ‘dead-end’ due to the constraints associated with these morphological changes. However, in predators like siphonophores, armed with modular structures used exclusively for prey capture, this assumption is challenged. Our results show that siphonophores can evolve generalism and new prey-type specializations by modifying the morphological states, modes of evolution, and genetic correlations between the parts of their prey capture apparatus. These findings demonstrate how studying open-ocean non-bilaterian predators can reveal novel patterns and mechanisms in the evolution of specialization. Understanding these evolutionary processes is fundamental to the study of food-web structure and complexity.
Replicability of Structural Brain Alterations Associated with General Psychopathology: Evidence from a Population-Representative Birth Cohort
Authors: Romer Adrienne L. , Knodt Annchen R. , Sison Maria L. , Ireland David , Houts Renate , Ramrakha Sandhya , Poulton Richie , Keenan Ross , Melzer Tracy R. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Caspi Avshalom , Hariri Ahmad R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransdiagnostic research has identified a general psychopathology factor – often called the ‘p’ factor – that accounts for shared variation across internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders in diverse samples. It has been argued that the p factor may reflect dysfunctional thinking present in serious mental illness. In support of this, we previously used a theory-free, data-driven multimodal neuroimaging approach to find that higher p factor scores are associated with structural alterations within a cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit (CTCC) and visual association cortex, both of which are important for monitoring and coordinating information processing in the service of executive control. Here we attempt to replicate these associations by conducting region-of-interest analyses of CTCC and visual association cortex using data from 875 members of the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, a five-decade study of a population-representative birth cohort now 45 years old. We further sought to replicate a more recent report that p factor scores can be predicted by patterns of distributed cerebellar morphology as estimated through independent component analysis. We successfully replicated associations between higher p factor scores and both reduced grey matter volume of the visual association cortex and fractional anisotropy of pontine white matter pathways within the CTCC. In contrast, we failed to replicate prior associations between cerebellar structure and p factor scores. Collectively, our findings encourage further focus on the CTCC and visual association cortex as core neural substrates and potential biomarkers of general psychopathology.
genomalicious: serving up a smorgasbord of R functions for performing and teaching population genomic analyses
Authors: Thia Joshua A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTurning SNP data into biologically meaningful results requires considerable computational acrobatics, including importing, exporting, and manipulating data among different analytical packages and programming environments, and finding ways to visualise results for data exploration and presentation. I present GENOMALICIOUS, an R package designed to provide a selection of functions for population genomicists to simply, intuitively, and flexibly, guide SNP data through their analytical pipelines, within and outside R. At the core of the original GENOMALICIOUS workflow is the conversion of genomic variant data into adata.tableobject. This provides a useful way of storing large amounts of data in an intuitive format that can be easily manipulated using methods unique to this object class. Over time, GENOMALICIOUS has grown to cater to a range of analyses in population structure and demography, adaptive evolution, quantitative traits, and phylogenetics. Researchers using pooled allele frequencies, or individually sequenced genotypes, are sure to find functions that accommodate their tastes in GENOMALICIOUS. The simplicity and accessibility of pipelines in GENOMALICIOUS may also serve as a useful tool for teaching basic population genetics and genomics in an R environment. The source code and a series of tutorials for this package are freely available on GitHub
Neuroblast sensory quiescence depends of vascular cytoneme contacts and sensory neuronal differentiation requires initiation of blood flow
Authors: Taberner Laura , Bañón Aitor , Alsina Berta 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn many organs, stem cell function depends on the communication with their niche partners. Cranial sensory neurons develop in close proximity to blood vessels, however whether vasculature is an integral component of their niches is yet unknown. Here, two separate, novel roles for vasculature in cranial sensory neurogenesis in zebrafish are uncovered. The first involves precise spatiotemporal endothelial-neuroblast cytoneme contacts and Dll4-Notch signalling to restrain neuroblast proliferation. Secondly, we find that blood flow onset triggers a transcriptional response to modify neuroblast metabolic status and is required for sensory neuron differentiation. In contrast, no role of sensory neurogenesis in vascular development is found, suggesting a unidirectional signalling from vasculature to sensory neuroblasts. Altogether, we demonstrate that the cranial vasculature constitutes a hitherto unrecognized niche component of the sensory ganglia that regulates the pace of their growth and differentiation dynamics.Highlights♦ Vasculature is part of the cranial sensory ganglia niche and regulates neurogenesis.♦ Cytoneme contacts between endothelial cells and sensory neuroblasts are required for neuroblast quiescence.♦ Endothelial Dll4 and neuroblast Notch1 signal to regulate the growth of cranial sensory ganglia.♦ Initiation of blood flow triggers a transcriptional metabolic switch and sensory neuronal differentiation.
Building a story: coherent narrative formation relies on functional connectivity in posterior cortex and frontoparietal networks
Authors: Assouline Amir , Mendelsohn Avi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNarratives are embedded in human experience, enabling the integration and communication of large quantities of accumulated information. Despite the ubiquity of this deeply rooted ability, the neural networks involved in narrative formation are yet unclear. Building on literary and philosophical definitions of narrative, we explored brain networks that differentially coactivated while individuals were presented with either coherent or incoherent narratives. Using movie scenes presented in a functional MRI environment, either in their correct or reversed order, we found that regions in the posterior cortex and frontoparietal networks were preferentially co-activated during coherent narrative formation. Moreover, whereas coactivation patterns of posterior cortex converged across conditions over time, the frontoparietal network remained constantly higher in the coherent narrative condition. We suggest that processing and integrating accumulating information is supported by functional coupling of posterior cortical networks, whereas the frontoparietal network serves to maintain the coherence and causal relations that underpin plot comprehension.
Early alterations of RNA metabolism and splicing from adult corticospinal neurons in an ALS mouse model
Authors: Marques Christine , Fischer Mathieu , Keime Céline , Burg Thibaut , Brunet Aurore , Scekic-Zahirovic Jelena , Rouaux Caroline 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease clinically defined as the combined degeneration of corticospinal and corticobulbar neurons (CSN), and bulbar and spinal motor neurons (MN). A growing body of evidence points to the motor cortex, where CSN are located, as the potential initiation site of ALS. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of CSN degeneration and the molecular pathways involved. Here, we show in theSod1G86Rmouse model of ALS that CSN loss precedes MN degeneration and that CSN and MN degenerations are somatotopically related, highlighting the relevance of CSN to ALS onset and progression. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that selectively trigger CSN degeneration, we purified CSN from the motor and somatosensory cortex of adult mice and analysed their transcriptome from presymptomatic ages to disease end-stage. Significant RNA metabolism and splicing alterations, novel in the context ofSod1mutation, were identified, including mis-splicing events that largely trigger genes involved in neuronal functions. Together, the data indicate that CSN dysfunction and degeneration upon mutantSod1expression involve alterations of RNA metabolism and splicing, emphasizing shared mechanisms across various ALS-related genes.
An Automated Open-Source Workflow for Standards-Compliant Integration of Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Authors: Ioanas Horea-Ioan , Marks Markus , Garin Clément M. , Dhenain Marc , Yanik Mehmet Fatih , Rudin Markus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLarge-scale research integration is contingent on seamless access to data in standardized formats. Standards enable researchers to understand external experiment structures, pool results, and apply homogeneous preprocessing and analysis workflows. Particularly, they facilitate these features without the need for numerous potentially confounding compatibility add-ons. In small animal magnetic resonance imaging, an overwhelming proportion of data is acquired via the ParaVision software of the Bruker Corporation. The original data structure is predominantly transparent, but fundamentally incompatible with modern pipelines. Additionally, it sources metadata from free-field operator input, which diverges strongly between laboratories and researchers. In this article we present an open-source workflow which automatically converts and reposits data from the ParaVision structure into the widely supported and openly documented Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS). Complementing this workflow we also present operator guidelines for appropriate ParaVision data input, and a programmatic walk-through detailing how preexisting scans with uninterpretable metadata records can easily be made compliant after the acquisition.