bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Participatory Construction of Agro-Ecological Knowledge As A Soil Conservation Strategy In The Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil)
Authors: de Assis Renato Linhares , de Aquino Adriana Maria 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Agriculture in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro State is characterized by intensive soil use and input. Such mountainous environments are vulnerable to climate events; thus, the current article presents a report on methods applied to exchange academic and traditional knowledge. The aim is to expand farmers’ perception about the need of implementing agro-ecological practices, mainly soil management practices, which are important for agricultural sustainability in mountainous environments. The study was conducted in a Nova Friburgo family production unit, in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). It consisted of implementing three observation and soil organic-matter management units. The idea was to reduce the incidence of clubroot of crucifers disease caused by Plasmidiophora brassicae. The soil fauna was discussed with local farmers, with emphasis on the association between ecological processes and soil management. The present study improved the discussion with farmers and the need of introducing other innovative conservation practices such as no-tillage system and participatory research based on agro-ecological propositions.
Extensions of pseudo-Perron-Frobenius splitting related to generalized inverse AT,S
(2)
Authors: Huang Shaowu , Wang Qing-Wen , Wu Shuxia , Yu Yaoming 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We in this paper define the outer-Perron-Frobenius splitting, which is an extension of the pseudo- Perron-Frobenius splitting defined in [A.N. Sushama, K. Premakumari, K.C. Sivakumar, Extensions of Perron-Frobenius splittings and relationships with nonnegative Moore-Penrose inverse, Linear and Multilinear Algebra 63 (2015) 1-11]. We present some criteria for the convergence of the outer-Perron-Frobenius splitting. The findings of this paper generalize some known results in the literatures.
Roles of Prefrontal Cortex and Mediodorsal Thalamus in Task Engagement and Behavioral Flexibility
Authors: Marton Tobias F. , Seifikar Helia , Luongo Francisco J. , Lee Anthony T. , Sohal Vikaas S. 
Published: February 2018

Behavioral tasks involving auditory cues activate inhibitory neurons within auditory cortex, leading to a reduction in the amplitude of auditory evoked response potentials (ERPs). One hypothesis is that this process, termed “task engagement,” may enable context-dependent behaviors. Here we set out to determine (1) whether the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a role in task engagement and (2) how task engagement relates to the context-dependent processing of auditory cues in male and female mice performing a decision-making task that can be guided by either auditory or visual cues. We found that, in addition to auditory ERP suppression, task engagement is associated with increased mPFC activity and an increase in theta band (4–7 Hz) synchronization between the mPFC and auditory cortex. Optogenetically inhibiting the mPFC eliminates the task engagement-induced auditory ERP suppression, while also preventing mice from switching between auditory and visual cue-based rules. However, mPFC inhibition, which eliminates task engagement-induced auditory ERP suppression, did not prevent mice from making decisions based on auditory cues. Furthermore, a more specific manipulation, selective disruption of mPFC outputs to the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus, is sufficient to prevent switching between auditory and visual rules but does not affect auditory ERPs. Based on these findings, we conclude that (1) the mPFC contributes to both task engagement and behavioral flexibility; (2) mPFC-MD projections are important for behavioral flexibility but not task engagement; and (3) task engagement, evidenced by the suppression of cortical responses to sensory input, is not required for sensory cue-guided decision making.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen rodents perform choice-selection tasks based on sensory cues, neural responses to these cues are modulated compared with task-free conditions. Here we demonstrate that this phenomenon depends on the prefrontal cortex and thus represents a form of “top-down” regulation. However, we also show that this phenomenon is not critical for task performance, as rodents can make decisions based on specific sensory cues even when the task-dependent modulation of responses to those cues is abolished. Furthermore, disrupting one specific set of prefrontal outputs impairs rule switching but not the task-dependent modulation of sensory responses. These results show that the prefrontal cortex comprises multiple circuits that mediate dissociable functions related to behavioral flexibility and sensory processing.
The Effect of Extraction Condition on The Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe Rhizome
Authors: Marliani Lia , Budiana Wempi , Anandari Yonara 
Published: February 2018

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) is one of Indonesian herbal medicine. The extraction process to get active compound was influenced by some factor such as solvent, temperature, time, and method of extraction. The objective of this study was to determine the significant factor of extraction that is solvent, temperature and time of extraction on the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) rhizome. Extraction was done by dynamic maceration method with variations (23 factor variable design) of solvent (ethanol 95% and water), temperature (25°C and 70°C), time (6 and 24 hours). The method of analysis of polyphenol content using Folin Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical reduction method. The experiment design and data analysis using software Design Expert ver.10. The result showed that extraction using ethanol 95% at 70°C for 24 hours was gave high polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Data analysis was showed that polyphenol content and antioxidant activity was influenced only by solvent of extraction. This study indicated that solvent is significant extraction factor for polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) rhizome. Keywords: Antioxidant, Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, extraction, polyphenol
The dynamics of the dendroflora ecomorphic and biomorphic spectra at the former Botanic garden of the Kryvyi Rih state educational institute
Authors: Savosko V. M. 
Published: February 2018

The aim of the work is to identify the features of the temporal dynamics of the ecomorphic and biomorphic spectra at the former Botanic Garden of the Kryvyi Rih State Educational Institute. It was found that on 01.10. 2011 in the plantations of the former Botanical Garden 47 species of trees, shrubs and lianas had grown. In the composition of the dendroflora only five species of gymnosperms and 42 species of angiosperms had been revealed. Leading families were Rosaceae, Fabaceae and Salicaceae and Aceraceae. The dominant genera were Acer and Populus. For the last 40 years, 99 species, 46 genera and 10 families from the collection had been dropped out. At the same time, the Botanical Garden was the only habitat of unique species such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Celtis australis, Securinega suffruticosa, Cercis siliquastrum, Indigofera gerardiana, Kerria japonica, Koelreuteria paniculata, Xanthoceras sorbifolium, Schisandra chinensis. At present the scientific collections in our region are lacking in these species. Since that time, the dendroflora’s trofomorphic spectrum of the former Botanical Garden had undergone some changes. The first thing to note is an increase in the proportion of mehatrophes: from 15.5 % in 1966 – up to 25.5 % in 2006 (1.6 times). At the same time the total proportion of olihotrophes and olihomezotrophes had been reduced: from 26.4 % in 1966 to 14.9 % in 2006 (1.8 times). Despite the lack of a clear trend towards changing the proportion of mezotrophes, they are consistently the most common woody plants of the Botanic Gardens. Age-related changes of the dendroflora’s hygromorphic spectrum of the former Botanical Garden have such directions: the proportion of xerophytes decreased in 1.9 times and mezohygrophytes in 2.4 times. However, there has been an increase in the relative number of mezophytes (1.1 times), mezokserophytes (1.2 times) and hygromezophytes (1.6 times). Over the time the dendroflora’s heliomorhic spectrum had the following changes from the former Botanical Garden: despite the decrease in the proportion of heliophytes (from 58.8 % in 1966 to 53.2 % in 2006), they remained the largest group of the spectrum. At the same time it was revealed an increase of scioheliophytes in 1.4 times, and overall reduction of heliosciophytes and sciophytes in the number and proportion. In the plantations of the Botanic Gardens it has been established a tendency of the introduced species reduction and of the native species increase. However, this has not changed the overall pattern – the dominance of the introduced species, both trees and shrubs. On the whole the conditions of the region are the most adapted for megatrophes plants, mesophytes and heliophytes and trees. The basis of the collection consists of introduced species from the Atlantic-North American, East Asian and Tsimkumboreal floristic regions.
Fe-Mn pedofeatures in soils and their geochemical role (analytical review)
Authors: Nikorych V. A. , Szymański W. 
Published: February 2018

Based on the analysis of literature data, the genesis, distribution, morphology, composition and properties of Fe-Mn pedofeatures (mainly nodules and concretions), taking into account their unique geochemical role, review of general scientific information was done. Terminology and classification problems concerning pedofeatures of this type were shown. The need for difference of concepts between ‘nodules’ and ‘concretion’ was highlighted. The morphological and physical properties of Fe-Mn pedofeatures (shape, color, size, and consistence), depending on soil conditions, were discussed. Additionaly, mineralogical composition of Fe-Mn pedofeatures including determination of mineral prevalence were shown. The role of nodules and concretions in accumulation of macro- and microelements was analyzed. The possibility of using the enrichment factor (EF), which is calculated as the ratio of elements in pedofeatures to the elements in corresponding soil material for evaluation their geochemical role was studied. The possible manner and mechanisms of accumulation of elements in the discussed Fe-Mn pedofeatures were shown. Moreover, the possibility of the Fe-Mn pedofeatures to accumulation of heavy metals was discussed. The possibility allows us to consider them as the main natural material that is able to control the dynamics of pollutants in the soil environment.
Cenopopulation structure of climax forest stands of formation of beech forests in Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Parpan T. V. 
Published: February 2018

Logging in the mountainous conditions of the Carpathians has transformed the forest cover into a continuous succession system. Climax exemplary communities which are subject to protection and research according to the position of structure and dynamics on the population methodological basis, to have survived on an insignificant area in the reserves and protective categories of forests. The cenopopulation paradigm considers the edificator species (spruce, fir, beech, pine) as a system of interacting geographic, food and elementary populations. The structure of climax uneven-aged coenopopulations of formation of the beech forest is considered as natural climax cenoses that have arisen as a result of endo- or exogenous successions due to climatic and edaphic conditions. Their dynamic equilibrium is supported by the variability of the spatial mosaic structure through the age-old turnover of generations. The distribution of trees by diameter in climax forest stands is characterized by three types: reverse s-shaped, j-shaped and bell-shaped with right-sided asymmetry. The inverse s-type distribution type is the main one and occupies 77 % of trial plots. The types of reverse j-shaped and bell-shaped with right-side asymmetry are encountered respectively in 2 and 21 % of the trial plots. Vertical stratification in climax beech cenoses distinguishes four functional tiers-horizons, or spatial ecological niches. There is a possibility to forecast the directions of successions by species composition in tiers. In mixed dark-coniferous-beech stands, the beech occupies a dominant position, and fir, and especially spruce, a regressive position. The age structure of climax forest stands is presented to 6 age groups: pre-generative - juvenile and imature and virginal; generative – young, middle-aged, ripe and old (overmature). According to number of climax coniferous/beech and beech stands the full-member beech cenpopulations predominate. The age spectra of fir and spruce, maple-sycamore, ash, and elm are usually unequal, or fragmentary. On average, one hectare in climax coniferous/beech and beech stands include 174–235 individuals of generative generation – 42–52 – fir, 5–16 – spruce, 5–10 – maple-sycamore and ash tree. The timber stock in half (50–60 %) is concentrated in overmature and 25 % in mature age condition. Introduction of the population paradigm in forest synecology discover a new opportunity to divide the stand of the age generation and treat them as old-growth forests and virgin forests which form a set of key species of cenopopulations, and also determine the direction of succession.
Forecasting medium-term electricity demand in a South African electric power supply system
Authors: Sigauke Caston 
Published: February 2018

The paper discusses an application of generalised additive models (GAMs) in predicting medium-term hourly electricity demand using South African data for 2009 to 2013. Variable selection was done using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) via hierarchical interactions, resulting in a model called GAM-Lasso. The GAM-Lasso model was then extended by including tensor product interactions to yield a second model, called GAM- -Lasso. Comparative analyses of these two models were done with a gradient-boosting model to act as a benchmark model and the third model. The forecasts from the three models were combined using a forecast combination algorithm where the average loss suffered by the models was based on the pinball loss function. The results showed significantly improved accuracy of forecasts, making this study a useful tool for decision-makers and system operators in power utility companies, particularly in maintenance planning including medium-term risk assessment. A major contribution of this paper is the inclusion of a nonlinear trend. Another contribution is the inclusion of temperature based on two thermal regions of South Africa.
Pengembangan Asesmen Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SMP Negeri 5 Madiun pada Materi Cahaya dan Alat Optik
Authors: Kristiani Kornelia Devi , Mayasari Tantri , Kurniadi Erawan 
Published: February 2018

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract: </strong>The purpose of this research is developing the assessment of creative thinking skill of SMP Negeri 5 Madiun students in light material and optical asesment. The assessment consists of a number of essay questions that require students' creative thinking skills that are developed using indicators of creative thinking skills such as fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The development research procedure adapts from the limited Four-D development model that includes Define, Design, and Develop. Selected expert subject (expert) as the validator of students' creative thinking skill assessment. The subjects of the experiment are students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 5 Madiun. Assessment of creative thinking skills involves experts, including creative thinking experts, learning experts, and content physics experts (criticizing the depth and truth of physics matter). Experts validate content, rate products and questionnaire student responses. The result of this research is validation assessment and get expert suggestion as validator, revised and tested again until calculated by CVR and CVI calculation with acquisition of CVR is 1 and CVI is 1, hence the result of validity about student creative thinking skill declared valid and very appropriate to be used as an assessment of creative thinking skills.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Tujuan dari penelitian pengembangan ini yaitu mengembangkan asesmen keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP Negeri 5 Madiun pada materi cahaya dan alat optik. Assesmen yang dibuat terdiri dari sejumlah soal essay yang menuntut keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa yang disusun menggunakan indikator keterampilan berpikir kreatif seperti kemampuan berpikir lancar (fluency), luwes (flexibility), orisinil (originality), dan memperinci (elaboration). Prosedur penelitian pengembangan mengadaptasi dari model pengembangan Four-D terbatas yang meliputi Define, Design, dan Develop<strong>. </strong>Dipilih subyek ahli (expert) sebagai validator asesmen keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa. Subyek uji coba yaitu siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 5 Madiun. Asesmen keterampilan berpikir kreatif melibatkan para ahli, antara lain ahli berpikir kreatif, ahli pembelajaran, dan ahli konten fisika (mengkritisi dari kedalaman dan kebenaran materi fisika). Para ahli memvalidasi isi, menilai produk dan angket respon siswa. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu asesmen yang telah di validasi dan mendapatkan saran dari ahli (expert) sebagai validator, direvisi dan diujikan kembali hingga dihitung dengan perhitungan CVR dan CVI dengan perolehan CVR sebesar 1 dan CVI sebesar 1, dengan demikian hasil validitas soal keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa dinyatakan valid dan sangat sesuai untuk dijadikan assesmen keterampilan berpikir kreatif.</p>
Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Frekuensi Bunyi dan Panjang Resonator Lurus Terhadap Penurunan Suhu Dalam Alat Pendingin Termoakustik Tipe Gelombang Berjalan
Authors: Gupita Mega C. , Setiawan Ikhsan , Utomo Agung B. S. 
Published: February 2018

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong>. Traveling wave thermoacoustic refrigerators are alternative and environmentally friendly cooling devices which use traveling sound wave in heat removing process to have some cooling. The structure of these devices usually have a combination of a straight resonator tube and a loop tube. In this experiment, we used PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe with inner diameter of 55 mm to construct the resonator and loop tubes. The working gas inside the tubes is atmospheric air. The regenerator has 40 mm length and 53 mm diameter, it is made of a tight stack of stainless-steel wire-mesh screens with mesh number of 60 mesh/inch. A 10-inch loudspeaker and an audio amplifier are used as the sound source. Audio signal and frequency are provided and controlled by using a function generator. In this research, the influences of sound frequency and resonator length on the temperature decrease of air are studied experimentally, with the loop tube length is constant at 390 cm. The sound frequency is varied in the range of 26 Hz – 43 Hz, while the resonator range is varied into 40cm, 55cm, 80cm, 105cm, and 130cm. Experimental results show that the maximum temperature decrease of 21.4°C (i.e. from 26.5°C down to 5.1°C) is obtained by using 105 cm resonator length and 31 Hz sound frequency.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Peranti pendingin termoakustik gelombang berjalan merupakan alat pendingin alternatif ramah lingkungan yang menggunakan gelombang bunyi berjalan untuk melakukan pemindahan kalor sehingga menghasilkan pendinginan. Alat pendingin termoakustik ini umumnya memiliki struktur berupa gabungan pipa resonator lurus dan pipa simpal. Pada eksperimen ini, pipa yang digunakan adalah pipa PVC (polyvinyl chloride) memiliki diameter-dalam 55 mm. Pipa resonator dan simpal berisi udara biasa sebagai gas kerja. Regenerator yang digunakan memiliki panjang 40 mm dengan diameter sekitar 53 mm dan terbuat dari lembaran-lembaran kasa kawat stainless-steel berukuran 60 mesh/inchi yang disusun rapat. Sebuah loudspeaker 10 inci serta sebuah unit penguat audio digunakan sebagai sumber bunyi. Sinyal dan frekuensi audio diberikan dan diatur dengan sebuah unit function generator. Pada penelitian ini, pengaruh frekuensi bunyi dan panjang pipa (resonator) lurus terhadap besar penurunan suhu udara dipelajari secara eksperimen dengan panjang (keliling) simpal dibuat tetap sebesar 390 cm. Frekuensi bunyi divariasikan dalam interval 26 Hz – 43 Hz, sedangkan pipa resonator memiliki variasi panjang 40 cm, 55 cm, 80 cm, 105 cm, dan 130 cm. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa penurunan suhu terbesar yaitu 21,5 °C (dari 26.5 °C menjadi 5.1 °C) diperoleh dengan panjang resonator 105 cm dengan frekuensi bunyi 31 Hz.</p>
Physics Comprehensive and Contextual Teaching Material (PhysCCTM) untuk Meningkatkan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Siswa SMA
Authors: Adi Nugroho Prasetya , Suparno Suparno , Mudilarto Mudilarto , Istiyono Edi , Alpin Y Rattiwizal , Zaini Muhammad , M.J.A Syayid Qosim 
Published: February 2018

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study aimed to: (1) produce Physics Comprehensive and Contextual Teaching Material (PhysCCTM) which was reasonably for physics learning in SMA, and (2) examine the effectiveness of Physics Comprehensive and Contextual Teaching Material (PhysCCTM) to increase students Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS). This research used R&amp;D methods with 4D models consisting of (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Developt, and (4) Disseminate. The resulted product is PhysCCTM. The data were colleted by using an evaluation sheet of product, and test of HOTS. The data were analyzed using Aiken V to assess the product quality, and N-Gain analysis. The result of this research produced teaching material PhysCCTM which: (1) was reasonably to increase students HOTS with very good category based on expert, teachers, and good category based the response of students, and (2) effective to increase students HOTS significantly by effectivity on Partial Eta Squared in Multivariate Test with the value is 90,4%.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) untuk menghasilkan Physics Comprehensive and Contextual Teaching Material (PhysCCTM) yang layak untuk pembelajaran fisika di SMA, dan (2) menguji efektivitas Physics Comprehensive and Contextual Teaching Material (PhysCCTM) dalam meningkatkan Higher Order Thingking Skill (HOTS) siswa SMA. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan metode R&amp;D dengan model 4D yang meliputi tahap (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Develop, dan (4) Disseminate. Produk yang dihasilkan adalah PhysCCTM. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar penilaian perangkat pembelajaran, dan lembar penilaian HOTS. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Aiken V untuk melihat kualitas produk dan analisis General Linier Model (GLM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah dihasilkan produk PhysCCTM yang: (1) layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan HOTS dengan kategori sangat baik berdasarkan penilaian ahli dan guru, serta kategori baik berdasarkan respon siswa, dan (2) efektif untuk meningkatkan HOTS siswa secara signifikan berdasarkan efektivitas pada Partial Eta Square di Multivariate Test dengan nilai 90,4%.</p>