bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartoons to improve young children's cooperation with inhaled corticosteroids: A preliminary study
Authors: Frémont Agnès , Abou Taam Rola , Wanin Stéphanie , Lebras Marie‐Noëlle , Ollier Vincent , Nathanson Sylvie , Hadchouel Alice , Drummond David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this pilot study was to evaluate if animated cartoons could increase the cooperation of young children with asthma during the delivery of their inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).MethodsSubjects were children aged 6‐47 months having a physician diagnosis of asthma, who required an ICS therapy delivered through a pMDI/spacer twice a day for at least 2 months. Families who reported on a questionnaire that their child was frequently crying or moving during treatment delivery were asked to participate in a prospective, cross‐over, randomized study. After a first week of run‐in, children watched alternatively, during the delivery of ICS, either an animated cartoon for 7 days and a black screen video for another 7 days. The main outcome was the median percentage of time of non‐cooperation, defined by the length of time the child was crying and/or moving divided by the length of time required for delivering ICS.ResultsParents of 50 children out of 113 (44%) reported that their child was frequently crying or moving during treatment delivery. Among these 50 children, 11 (22%) completed the study. The median percentages of time of non‐cooperation (IQR 1‐3) were 0% (0‐3) and 56% (40‐97) during the distraction and control periods, respectively, in the first group, and 100% (98‐100) and 0% (0‐5) during the control and distraction periods, respectively, in the second group. Animated cartoons increased cooperation up to 97% (55‐100%) (P = 0.008).ConclusionsBad cooperation among young children with asthma during the delivery of their treatment can be dramatically improved by the use of animated cartoons.
Structure‐Specific Catalytic Oxidation with O2 by Isomers in Au28(SR)20 Nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Liqun , Chai Xiaoqi , Cheng Xinglian , Zhu Yan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAu28(SPh‐tBu)20 and Au28(S‐c‐C6H11)20, which have the same Au20 kernel but different surface atom packing structure, serve as mode catalysts to investigate the influence of isomerism in catalysts on catalytic properties. Au28(SPh‐tBu)20 exhibited more efficient activity for the oxidation of cyclohexane and benzyl alcohol than Au28(S‐c‐C6H11)20.
Study on Dual Inhibitors of HIV‐1 IN/CCR5 Caffeoyl Derivatives as Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Hao Yameng , Wu Bolin , Chen Ying , Sun Xuefeng , Sun Yixing , Liu Junyi , Wang Xiaowei 
Published: June 2018

Abstract(E)‐3,4‐diacetoxystyryl aralkyl ketone and sulfone derivatives, with the skeleton of CAPE, were reported as dual inhibitors of HIV‐1 IN/CCR5 in our previous study. CAPE could show multifunctional neuroprotective properties through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. In this study, neuroprotective effects of these dual inhibitors were evaluated, and the biological results revealed that the reduction of conjugated double bonds in ketones did not significantly influence their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. In addition, unsaturated ketones displayed better anti‐inflammatory activities than corresponding sulfones. Sulfone compounds 11 b and 11 d had the best antioxidant effects among all these compounds. Overall, most of these HIV‐1 dual inhibitors exhibited both antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities, and thus had the potential to reduce the morbidity of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders.
Concise Review: Stem/Progenitor Cell Proteoglycans Decorated with 7-D-4, 4-C-3, and 3-B-3(-) Chondroitin Sulfate Motifs Are Morphogenetic Markers of Tissue Development
Authors: Hayes Anthony J. , Smith Susan M. , Caterson Bruce , Melrose James 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study reviewed the occurrence of chondroitin sulfate (CS) motifs 4-C-3, 7-D-4, and 3-B-3(-), which are expressed by progenitor cells in tissues undergoing morphogenesis. These motifs have a transient early expression pattern during tissue development and also appear in mature tissues during pathological remodeling and attempted repair processes by activated adult stem cells. The CS motifs are information and recognition modules, which may regulate cellular behavior and delineate stem cell niches in developmental tissues. One of the difficulties in determining the precise role of stem cells in tissue development and repair processes is their short engraftment period and the lack of specific markers, which differentiate the activated stem cell lineages from the resident cells. The CS sulfation motifs 7-D-4, 4-C-3, and 3-B-3 (-) decorate cell surface proteoglycans on activated stem/progenitor cells and appear to identify these cells in transitional areas of tissue development and in tissue repair and may be applicable to determining a more precise role for stem cells in tissue morphogenesis.
The cellular machineries responsible for the division of endosymbiotic organelles
Authors: Yoshida Yamato 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Chloroplasts (plastids) and mitochondria evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria. These organelles perform vital functions in photosynthetic eukaryotes, such as harvesting and converting energy for use in biological processes. Consistent with their evolutionary origins, plastids and mitochondria proliferate by the binary fission of pre-existing organelles. Here, I review the structures and functions of the supramolecular machineries driving plastid and mitochondrial division, which were discovered and first studied in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. In the past decade, intact division machineries have been isolated from plastids and mitochondria and examined to investigate their underlying structure and molecular mechanisms. A series of studies has elucidated how these division machineries assemble and transform during the fission of these organelles, and which of the component proteins generate the motive force for their contraction. Plastid- and mitochondrial-division machineries have important similarities in their structures and mechanisms despite sharing no component proteins, implying that these division machineries evolved in parallel. The establishment of these division machineries might have enabled the host eukaryotic ancestor to permanently retain these endosymbiotic organelles by regulating their binary fission and the equal distribution of resources to daughter cells. These findings provide key insights into the establishment of endosymbiotic organelles and have opened new avenues of research into their evolution and mechanisms of proliferation.
Same-Sex Married Tax Filers After Windsor and Obergefell
Authors: Fisher Robin , Gee Geof , Looney Adam 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article provides new estimates of the number and characteristics of same-sex married couples after U.S. Supreme Court rulings in 2013 and 2015 established rights to same-sex marriage. The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service subsequently ruled that same-sex spouses would be treated as married for federal tax purposes. Because almost all married taxpayers file joint tax returns, administrative tax records provide new information on the demographic characteristics of married same-sex couples. This study provides estimates of the population of same-sex tax filers drawn from returns filed in 2013, 2014, and 2015, using methods developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to address measurement error in gender classification. We estimate that approximately 0.48 % of all joint filers in 2015 were same-sex couples, or approximately 250,450 couples.
Examining the effects of gaming and guessing on script concordance test scores
Authors: Lubarsky Stuart , Dory Valérie , Meterissian Sarkis , Lambert Carole , Gagnon Robert Gagnon 
Published: June 2018

Introduction In a script concordance test (SCT), examinees are asked to judge the effect of a new piece of clinical information on a proposed hypothesis. Answers are collected using a Likert-type scale (ranging from −2 to +2, with ‘0’ indicating no effect), and compared with those of a reference panel of ‘experts’. It has been argued, however, that SCT may be susceptible to the influences of gaming and guesswork. This study aims to address some of the mounting concern over the response process validity of SCT scores.
Method Using published datasets from three independent SCTs, we investigated examinee response patterns, and computed the score a hypothetical examinee would obtain on each of the tests if he 1) guessed random answers and 2) deliberately answered ‘0’ on all test items.
Results A simulated random guessing strategy led to scores 2 SDs below mean scores of actual respondents (Z-scores −3.6 to −2.1). A simulated ‘all-0’ strategy led to scores at least 1 SD above those obtained by random guessing (Z-scores −2.2 to −0.7). In one dataset, stepwise exclusion of items with modal panel response ‘0’ to fewer than 10% of the total number of test items yielded hypothetical scores 2 SDs below mean scores of actual respondents.
Discussion Random guessing was not an advantageous response strategy. An ‘all-0’ response strategy, however, demonstrated evidence of artificial score inflation.
Deciphering brain‐specific transcriptomic expression of Ezr, Rad and Msn genes in the development of Mus musculus
Authors: Ali Syed Aoun , Baig Deeba N 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEzrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERM) are critical membranous component involved in cross‐linking of actin filaments. Moesin (Msn) is recognized as a pivotal protein involved in regulation of cell signalling events associated with the maintenance of epithelial integrity, actin organization and polarity. Radixin (Rad) is known to cell‐to‐cell adherens junction as a barbed end‐capping protein whereas ezrin (Ezr) is recognized at cell adhesion, motility, apoptosis and phagocytosis. The current study for the first time reports the transcriptional and RNA secondary structural variations among brain‐specific ERM genes. Firstly, we analyzed brain‐specific transcriptomic expression in selected embryonic and postnatal developmental stages (E10.5, E14.5, E18.5, P0.5, P3.5, P5.5, P10.5 and P20.5) of Mus musculus. Among designated developmental stages, Ezr has highest fold difference in early embryonic and postnatal stages (E10.5, P0.5 and P5.5). Rad showed a similar pattern of high expression especially at embryonic stages (E10.5 and E18.5) and postnatal (P0.5 and P5.5), however, Msn exhibited non‐significant fold differences in comparison to controls leading to its curial role in development. Furthermore, computational prediction of ERM coding mRNA transcripts, reveals compact and less dynamic Msn secondary structure and pseudoknots configurations, in contrast to Ezr and Rad. Conclusively, transcriptomic levels are greatly associated with compact base pairing organization of its secondary structures. These findings open a new domain to understand the occurrence of ERM‐specific cytoskeleton proteins during developmental stages.
Stitch guide technique for bicanalicular nasal intubation in single canalicular laceration reconstruction
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Jer , Lin I‐Wen , Lee Su‐Shin , Lai Chung‐Sheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVarious surgical techniques for canalicular laceration reconstruction have been described in previous study. But there are still two difficult points which may take time in the operation even with the assistance of magnification. We present a simple and effective way to achieve the bicanalicular nasal intubation for the single canalicular laceration. From Jan 2005 to Dec 2015, 20 patients (21 eyes) with upper or lower canalicular laceration were treated with the Crawford lacrimal intubation set by this stitch guide method. We used the eye pigtail probe and the steel probe of the intubation set to dispose a 4‐0 Nylon suture as a guide to pull down the silicone tube to the nostril. The functional and anatomic success rates in the 20 eyes are 90% (18/20) and 85% (17/20) respectively. The average time for bicanalicular nasal intubation by this method is 6.87 ± 1.83 min. The result of stitch guide technique to achieve bicanalicular nasal intubation in single canalicular laceration reconstruction is almost the same as the traditional method. Our anatomic and functional success rates are 85% and 90% respectively which are comparable to the previous studies. But this new method takes less time to complete the intubation with little variation. The magnification with microscopy could be omitted and no new instrument is needed. The stitch guide technique for bicanalicular nasal intubation with Crawford intubation system is a reliable and easy way to perform in single canalicular laceration reconstruction.
DELIBERATIONALLY USELESS CONDITIONALS
Authors: Krzyżanowska Karolina 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTDecision theorists tend to treat indicative conditionals with reservation, because they can easily lead a deliberating agent astray. However, many indicatives can be very helpful in contexts of deliberation, so denying them all a role in such contexts seems to be overkill. We show that a recently revived inferential view on conditionals provides a straightforward explanation of why some indicatives are unassertable in contexts of deliberation and hints at a way of telling “deliberationally useless” and “deliberationally useful” conditionals apart.
A retrospective analysis of adverse events among patients receiving daptomycin versus vancomycin during outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Schrank Gregory M. , Wright Sharon B. , Branch-Elliman Westyn , LaSalvia Mary T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a safe and effective alternative to prolonged inpatient stays for patients requiring long-term intravenous antimicrobials, but antimicrobial-associated adverse events remain a significant challenge. Thus, we sought to measure the association between choice of antimicrobial agent (vancomycin vs daptomycin) and incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs).MethodsPatients receiving OPAT treatment with vancomycin or daptomycin for skin and soft-tissue infections, bone and joint infections, endocarditis, and bacteremia or endovascular infections during the period from July 1, 2013, through September 30, 2016, were included. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the medical record. Logistic regression was used to compare ADEs requiring a change in or early discontinuation of therapy, hospital readmission, and emergency room visits between groups. Time from OPAT enrollment to ADE was compared using the log-rank test.ResultsIn total, 417 patients were included: 312 (74·8%) received vancomycin and 105 (25·2%) received daptomycin. After adjusting for age, Charlson comorbidity index, location of OPAT treatment, receipt of combination therapy with either β-lactam or fluoroquinolone, renal function, and availability of safety labs, patients receiving vancomycin had significantly higher incidence of ADEs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3·71; 95% CI, 1·64–8·40). ADEs occurred later in the treatment course for patients treated with daptomycin (P<·01). Rates of readmission and emergency room visits were similar.ConclusionsIn the OPAT setting, vancomycin use was associated with higher incidence of ADEs than daptomycin use. This finding is an important policy consideration for programs aiming to optimize outcomes and minimize cost. Careful selection of gram-positive agents for prolonged treatment is necessary to limit toxicity.
The effect of timing of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis in controlling influenza A H3N2 outbreaks in long-term care facilities in Manitoba, Canada, 2014-2015: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Singh Davinder , Jiang Depeng , Van Caeseele Paul , Loeppky Carla 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis study examined the effect of the timing of administration of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis for the control of influenza A H3N2 outbreaks among residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Manitoba, Canada, during the 2014–2015 influenza season.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of all LTCF influenza A H3N2 outbreaks (n=94) using a hierarchical logistic regression analysis. The main independent variable was how many days passed between the start of the outbreak and commencement of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis. The dependent variable was whether each person in the institution developed influenza-like illness (yes or no).ResultsDelay of oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis was associated with increased odds of infection in both univariate (t=5·41; df=51; P<·0001) and multivariable analyses (t=6·04; df=49; P<·0001) with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1·2–1·5) per day for influenza A H3N2.ConclusionsThe sooner chemoprophylaxis is initiated, the lower the odds of secondary infection with influenza in LTCFs during outbreaks caused by influenza A H3N2 in Manitoba. For every day that passed from the start of the outbreak to the initiation of oseltamivir, the odds of a resident at risk of infection in the facility developing symptomatic infection increased by 33%.
Validation of semiautomated surgical site infection surveillance using electronic screening algorithms in 38 surgery categories
Authors: Cho Sun Young , Chung Doo Ryeon , Choi Jong Rim , Kim Doo Mi , Kim Si-Ho , Huh Kyungmin , Kang Cheol-In , Peck Kyong Ran 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo verify the validity of a semiautomated surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance system using electronic screening algorithms in 38 categories of surgery.DesignA cohort study for validation of semiautomated SSI surveillance system using screening algorithms.SettingA 1,989-bed tertiary-care referral center in Seoul, Republic of Korea.MethodsA dataset of 40,516 surgical procedures in 38 categories stored in the conventional SSI surveillance registry at the Samsung Medical Center between January 2013 and December 2014 was used as the reference standard. In the semiautomated surveillance system, electronic screening algorithms flagged cases meeting at least 1 of 3 criteria: antibiotic prescription, microbial culture, and infectious disease consultation. Flagged cases were audited by infection preventionists. Analyses of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were conducted for the semiautomated surveillance system, and its effect on reducing the workload for chart review was evaluated.ResultsA total of 575 SSI events (1·42%) were identified by conventional SSI surveillance. The sensitivity of the semiautomated SSI surveillance was 96·7%, and the PPV of the screening algorithms alone was 4·1%. Semiautomated SSI surveillance reduced the chart review workload of the infection preventionists from 1,283 to 482 person hours per year (a 62·4% decrease).ConclusionsCompared to conventional surveillance, semiautomated surveillance using electronic screening algorithms followed by chart review of selected cases can provide high-validity surveillance results and can significantly reduce the workload of infection preventionists.
Assessing the impact of antibiotic stewardship program elements on antibiotic use across acute-care hospitals: an observational study
Authors: Langford Bradley J. , Wu Julie Hui-Chih , Brown Kevin A. , Wang Xuesong , Leung Valerie , Tan Charlie , Garber Gary , Daneman Nick 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesAntibiotic use varies widely between hospitals, but the influence of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) on this variability is not known. We aimed to determine the key structural and strategic aspects of ASPs associated with differences in risk-adjusted antibiotic utilization across facilities.DesignObservational study of acute-care hospitals in Ontario, CanadaMethodsA survey was sent to hospitals asking about both structural (8 elements) and strategic (32 elements) components of their ASP. Antibiotic use from hospital purchasing data was acquired for January 1 to December 31, 2014. Crude and adjusted defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days, accounting for hospital and aggregate patient characteristics, were calculated across facilities. Rate ratios (RR) of defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days were compared for hospitals with and without each antimicrobial stewardship element of interest.ResultsOf 127 eligible hospitals, 73 (57%) participated in the study. There was a 7-fold range in antibiotic use across these facilities (min, 253 defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days; max, 1,872 defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days). The presence of designated funding or resources for the ASP (RRadjusted, 0·87; 95% CI, 0·75–0·99), prospective audit and feedback (RRadjusted, 0·80; 95% CI, 0·67–0·96), and intravenous-to-oral conversion policies (RRadjusted, 0·79; 95% CI, 0·64–0·99) were associated with lower risk-adjusted antibiotic use.ConclusionsWide variability in antibiotic use across hospitals may be partially explained by both structural and strategic ASP elements. The presence of funding and resources, prospective audit and feedback, and intravenous-to-oral conversion should be considered priority elements of a robust ASP.
Receipt and targeting of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for people living with psychoses: findings from the second Australian national survey of psychosis
Authors: Harvey C. , Lewis J. , Farhall J. 
Published: June 2018

Aims.Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) recommend evidence-based psychosocial interventions (EBPIs) to improve consumer recovery; however, availability appears limited. We describe receipt of six EBPIs, reported by people with psychoses, and associations with service and consumer characteristics, including indicators of need (eligibility) and benefit (suitability).Methods.Participants in the 2010 Australian national survey of psychosis (n= 1825) were interviewed to assess demographic, functional, mental and physical health characteristics and service use in the previous year. Six EBPIs (Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for psychosis; Family Psycho-Education (FPE); Relapse Prevention Planning (RPP); Skills Training; Supported Employment; and Assertive Community Treatment) were chosen, based on the strength and consistency of CPG recommendations. Associations between receipt of interventions and eligibility and suitability indicators were examined via correlations and χ2. Logistic regression was used to predict receipt of one or more EBPIs and to identify predictors of each individual EBPI.Results.Less than one-quarter of the sample reported receipt of an evidence-based level of any intervention: rates ranged from 3.4% (FPE) to 21.1% (RPP). The model predicting receipt of one or more EBPIs was statistically significant (χ2(20,n= 1746) = 216.12,p< 0.01) and marginally useful. Nine variables contributed uniquely, of which six were service characteristics. The strongest predictors of receipt were being assigned a psychologist as a case manager (p< 0.01, OR(CI) = 2.36(1.50–3.72)) and accessing a non-clinical mental health support service in the past year (p< 0.01, OR(CI) = 2.01(1.60–2.51)).Conclusions.Prior reports of limited receipt of EBPIs are reinforced. There is patchy evidence for targeting of EBPIs to those who might benefit most. Service characteristics contribute more to the prediction of receipt than clinical characteristics. Greater implementation effort and better targeting are required to bridge evidence-practice gaps, including improved evidence-based practice literacy among professionals and needs-based service re-design to improve provision and optimise consumer outcomes.