bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gasdermin D Protects from Melioidosis through Pyroptosis and Direct Killing of Bacteria
Authors: Wang Jinyong , Deobald Kelly , Re Fabio 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage by caspase-1 or caspase-11 inflammasomes triggers pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death protective against intracellular bacteria. In this study, we examine the role of GSDMD in a mouse model of melioidosis. Gsdmd−/− mice were more susceptible than wild-type mice to intranasal infection with Burkholderia thailandensis. Production of IL-18, but not IL-1β, was decreased in Gsdmd−/− infected mice. Despite lower IL-18, IFN-γ was produced in similar amounts in wild-type and Gsdmd−/− mice. In vitro, secretion of both IL-1β and IL-18 by macrophages or dendritic cells infected with B. thailandensis was dependent on GSDMD. Surprisingly, wild-type or GSDMD-deficient neutrophils secreted similar amounts of IL-1β, suggesting these cells may be the source of the GSDMD-independent IL-1β detected in vivo. Recombinant GSDMD was able to directly kill B. thailandensis in vitro upon processing by active caspase-1. Moreover, bacteria harvested from wild-type, but not Gsdmd−/−, macrophages were more susceptible to the microbicidal effect of hydrogen peroxide or human β-defensin-3. Finally, we provide evidence that pyroptosis of in vitro infected macrophages is directly microbicidal. Taken together, these results indicate that the protective action of GSDMD in melioidosis is primarily due to induction of pyroptosis and direct killing of bacteria rather than production of cytokines.
Un análisis de teoría de juegos del sistema español de financiación regional
Authors: José Federico Geli  , Quilis Enrique M. 
Published: April 2019

Español
La evolución histórica reciente sugiere que el sistema español de financiación regional es inestable. Este sistema es un elemento clave para el diseño de un marco fiscal orientado a la estabilidad presupuestaria, a la sostenibilidad de la deuda y a la transparencia.
En este artículo se analiza dicho sistema desde la perspectiva de la teoría de juegos, con el fin de examinar sus implicaciones en términos de riesgo moral y de sesgo hacia el déficit. Se combinan conceptos clásicos (equilibrio de Nash, perfección de subjuegos) con otros derivados de refinamientos orientados a la introducción de elementos dinámicos (teoría de movimientos), especialmente adecuados para el estudio de interacciones repetidas y recurrentes.
Repensando la Constitución: una mirada al deber de trabajar y al derecho al trabajo
Authors: Gil Ruiz Juana María 
Published: April 2019

Han pasado cuarenta años desde que se aprobara la Constitución española y veintitrés desde que España ratificara la Declaración y la Plataforma de Acción de la IV Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer de Beijing (1995). Esta última supuso el compromiso de incorporación del principio del gender mainstreaming en la totalidad de los procesos normativos —elaboración, interpretación y aplicación de la normas— y en la totalidad de las políticas públicas. Y esta misma fecha debiera indicar, en consecuencia, un antes y un después en el hacer jurídico y político.Este compromiso vinculante compele a revisar la Constitución e incorporar la perspectiva de género de manera principal y transversal, desde el Preámbulo (donde se blindaría) hasta su parte dispositiva. Este trabajo se centra especialmente en el artículo 35 y en su proclama referida al deber y al derecho al trabajo, habida cuenta de que la brecha salarial, la necesidad de reequilibrar la vida laboral, familiar y personal y la necesidad de combatir todas las formas de violencia contra las mujeres, se erigen entre los grandes desafíos ciudadanos del siglo XXI.
The influence of task outcome on implicit motor learning
Authors: Kim Hyosub E , Parvin Darius E , Ivry Richard B 
Published: April 2019

Recent studies have demonstrated that task success signals can modulate learning during sensorimotor adaptation tasks, primarily through engaging explicit processes. Here, we examine the influence of task outcome on implicit adaptation, using a reaching task in which adaptation is induced by feedback that is not contingent on actual performance. We imposed an invariant perturbation (rotation) on the feedback cursor while varying the target size. In this way, the cursor either hit or missed the target, with the former producing a marked attenuation of implicit motor learning. We explored different computational architectures that might account for how task outcome information interacts with implicit adaptation. The results fail to support an architecture in which adaptation operates in parallel with a model-free operant reinforcement process. Rather, task outcome may serve as a gain on implicit adaptation or provide a distinct error signal for a second, independent implicit learning process.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Consultations for Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Levy Vivian J. , Holt Christina T. , Haskins Amy E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Context
Although osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is predominantly known for its benefits in improving musculoskeletal pain, many studies have examined the effects of OMT on hospitalized patients with a variety of conditions, showing improved outcomes in conditions such as pneumonia, postoperative and postpartum recovery, preterm newborn recovery, and newborn feeding dysfunction.

Objective
To determine the reasons osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) consultations are being ordered at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods
This descriptive study was conducted at an academic medical center with a well-established electronic health record system. A retrospective review examined data on all OMM consultations between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2015. Reasons for consultations in a free text field were grouped into categories of “primary reason for consult” by a single reviewer. Demographics and patient location were also assessed.

Results
Of 1310 total consultations included in the study, 620 (47.0%) listed a musculoskeletal complaint as the primary or only reason for a consultation, 231 (18.0%) of which were for back pain, followed by neck pain (69 [5.0%]) and headache (46 [4.0%]). The next most common reason for consultation was for newborn feeding difficulty (352 [27.0%]) or other newborn consultation (66 [5.0%]). A total of 272 consultations (21.0%) were not limited to musculoskeletal complaints and included general nonspecific discomfort (96 [7.0%]) or respiratory complaint (53 [4.0%]). A total of 209 (16.0%) consultations noted patients to be postoperative; 124 (9.5%) to be postpartum; 57 (4.4%) to have cystic fibrosis; and 21 (1.6%) to have constipation.

Conclusion
The majority of inpatient OMM consultations were placed for musculoskeletal complaints, followed by newborn feeding problems. Although it is clear that some physicians think that OMT will help their patients for the aforementioned conditions, the number was still quite low, suggesting that many physicians may be unaware that OMT can help patients with conditions such as respiratory disorder, postoperative recovery, and constipation. There are many opportunities for treatment teams to be ordering OMM consultations as a way to reduce morbidity in their patients.
Establishing a residency program for a chiropractic specialty in a public hospital system: Experiences from Denmark
Authors: O'Neill Søren F. D. , Konner Mikkel B. , Fejer Rene , Vesterager Susanne V. 
Published: April 2019

Objective
We describe the experiences and lessons learned from establishing a 5-year postgraduate hospital-based residency program for chiropractors in Denmark. The program was established with the aim of qualifying those chiropractors to undertake common and several specialized functions in relation to musculoskeletal disorders, at the highest professional level, within the particular conditions of a hospital setting.

Methods
We provide an overall description of this unique program, examples of specific educational goals, and the process used to develop the program.

Results
Three pilot programs were conducted between 2009 and 2016. The internship program and educational goals were revised extensively during this period. Between revisions and semistructured interviews with key medical officers following the pilot program, the program was well received and considered appropriate for further qualifying chiropractors for specialized, hospital-based practice.

Conclusion
The structure and content of the program will likely require further improvements in years to come, but currently forms the basis of the first regular 5-year, postgraduate in-hospital residency program for chiropractors in Denmark and perhaps elsewhere.
Comparative Studies on Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Bent) Leaf Cold and Hot Water Extracts
Authors: Akinpelu B. A. , Godwin A. , Gbadegesin T. , Ajakaye N. , Omotosho S. E. , Azeez S. O. , Oziegbe M. , Oyedapo O. O. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and genotoxicity activities of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaf.
Study Design: Comparative investigations of the medicinal value and toxicity profile of cold water (CW) and hot water (HW) extracts of C. crepidioides leaf.
Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. January 2015-October 2016.
Materials and Methods: CW and HW of C. crepidioides were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity via red blood cell membrane stabilization technique and in vitro methods using DPPH radical scavenging activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of oxidative haemolysis were employed to evaluate the antioxidant property. Allium cepa chromosomal assay was adopted to investigate the genotoxic effect of the extracts. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the extracts were estimated spectrophotometrically.
Results: Both extracts stabilized stressed red blood cell membranes with maximum percentage stability of 50.97±0.06 and 90.90±0.02 at 0.5 and 2.0 mg/ml for CW and HW extracts respectively. The CW extract elicited no DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 -0.63±0.02 mg/ml) and lipid peroxidation (IC50 -0.32±0.00) activities. HW extract had IC50 of 0.29±0.02 and 0.17±0.00 mg/ml for DPPH and lipid peroxidation. CW and HW extracts exhibited FRAP activity of 1186.96±0.01 and 1015.54±0.01 µmol AAE/g respectively. CW extract displayed a weaker protection (29.01±0.01%) against oxidative haemolysis compared to HW extract (68.70 ± 0.00%). CW extract contained higher phenolic contents (2.16±0.03 µmolGAE/g extract) while the HW extract contained higher flavonoids (0.61±0.05 µmolQE/g extract). CW and HW extracts inhibited A. cepa root growth to 71.40±0.02 and 59.10±0.02% respectively. A. cepa mitotic index was reduced to 8.85±0.01 and 8.67±0.02 for CW and HW extracts as compared with control (26.62%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that consumption of C. crepidioides leaf in cooked form has more medicinal values however, both CW and HW extracts are capable of causing cellular damage at high doses.
Growth, Carbon Assimilation and Quality of Kesum (Persicaria minor) as Exposed to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zainuren Noor Fatehah , Ibrahim Mohd Hafiz , Che Abdullah Che Azurahanim , Najihah Tuan Syaripah 
Published: April 2019

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles towards the Persicaria minor that can be used as a guidance for further toxicity investigation of ZnO-NPs.
Study Design: A Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replication. Each unit was consisted with eight plants and the total of 96 plants were used in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in plot 1, Vegetables Field plot for Teaching and Research, Taman Pertanian Universiti, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Selangor, Malaysia, from May 2018 until August 2018.
Methodology: Persicaria minor were exposed to four different concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) which were (50,100 and 150 mg/L) and 0 mg/L as a control. The ZnO-NPs was dissolved in distilled water before being applied to plants. 40 mL of ZnO-NPs solution was applied to each plant. The growth, carbon assimilation and also secondary metabolites were measured in this experiment.
Results: The results showed that the treatment of zinc oxide nanoparticles enhanced growth of the Persicaria minor as the plant treated with zinc oxide nanoparticles had higher plant height and total biomass when compared to control treatment. However, the analysis revealed that the treatment of zinc oxide nanoparticles highly and significantly influenced the carbon assimilation and quality of this plant as the treated plants showed reduction in chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate but increased in production of secondary metabolites. The increased in production of plant secondary metabolites may be attributed by the plant protection mechanism due to metabolic stress caused by high concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Conclusion: This research will progressively help in contributing some reliable and valid data on the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), towards the Persicaria minor that can be used as guidance for further experimental investigation regarding this field.
A Two‐Dimensional Iron(II) Coordination Polymer with Synergetic Spin‐Crossover and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Ge Jing‐Yuan , Chen Zhongyan , Zhang Li , Liang Xiao , Su Jian , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA composite material, {[Fe(L)(TPPE)0.5]⋅3 CH3OH}n, has been constructed by integrating the spin‐crossover (SCO) subunit FeII{diethyl(E,E)‐2,2′‐[1,2‐phenyl‐bis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(3‐oxobutanoate)‐(2‐)‐N,N′,O3,O3′} and the highly luminescent connector 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)phenyl)‐ethene. Its structure contains four staggered 4×4 layers and intercalated methanol. The packing is dominated by considerable H‐bonds either between adjacent layers and between layers and guests. A crystal‐structure transformation was detected upon removal of the guest molecules. The SCO transition of the solvated crystals is centered at ca. 215 K with a non‐symmetrical hysteresis of 25 K wide, and the desolvated [Fe(L)(TPPE)0.5]n exhibits gradual SCO without hysteresis. Intriguingly, the intensity of the fluorescence at 460 nm for the latter is maximized at the SCO transition. The energy transfer between luminescent and SCO entities is achievable as confirmed by theoretical calculations.
Tandem Conversion of CO2 to Valuable Hydrocarbons in Highly Concentrated Potassium Iron Catalysts
Authors: Ramirez Adrian , Ould‐Chikh Samy , Gevers Lieven , Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Aguilar‐Tapia Antonio , Hazemann Jean‐Louis , Wehbe Nimer , Al Abdulghani Abdullah J. , Kozlov Sergey M. , Cavallo Luigi , Gascon Jorge 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe alarming atmospheric concentration and continuous emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) require immediate action. As a result of advances in CO2 capture and sequestration technologies (generally involving point sources such as energy generation plants), large amounts of pure CO2 will soon be available. In addition to geological storage and other applications of the captured CO2, the development of technologies able to convert this carbon feedstock into commodity chemicals may pave the way towards a more sustainable economy. Here, we present a novel multifunctional catalyst consisting of Fe2O3 encapsulated in K2CO3 that can transform CO2 into olefins via a tandem mechanism. In contrast to traditional systems in Fischer‐Tropsch reactions, we demonstrate that when dealing with CO2 conversion (in contrast to CO), very high K loadings are key to activate CO2 via the well‐known ‘potassium carbonate mechanism’. The proposed catalytic process is demonstrated to be as productive as existing commercial processes based on synthesis gas while relying on economically and environmentally advantageous CO2 feedstock.
Critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Saxena Sugandh , Mathur Alpana , Kakkar Poonam 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMitochondrial dynamics play a critical role in deciding the fate of a cell under normal and diseased condition. Recent surge of studies indicate their regulatory role in meeting energy demands in renal cells making them critical entities in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes is remarkably associated with abnormal fuel metabolism, a basis for free radical generation, which if left unchecked may devastate the mitochondria structurally and functionally. Impaired mitochondrial function and their aberrant accumulation have been known to be involved in the manifestation of diabetic nephropathy, indicating perturbed balance of mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial turnover. Mitochondrial dynamics emphasize the critical role of mitochondrial fission proteins such as mitochondrial fission 1, dynamin‐related protein 1 and mitochondrial fission factor and fusion proteins including mitofusin‐1, mitofusin‐2 and optic atrophy 1. Clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria is aided by translocation of autophagy machinery to the impaired mitochondria and subsequent activation of mitophagy regulating proteins PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1 and Parkin, for which mitochondrial fission is a prior event. In this review, we discuss recent progression in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms targeting reactive oxygen species mediated alterations in mitochondrial energetics, mitophagy related disorders, impaired glucose transport, tubular atrophy, and renal cell death. The molecular cross talks linking autophagy and renoprotection through an intervention of 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and SIRT1 factors are also highlighted here, as in‐depth exploration of these pathways may help in deriving therapeutic strategies for managing diabetes provoked end‐stage renal disease.
Autophagy, anoikis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress: Potential applications in melanoma therapy
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Mohammadinejad Reza , Tavakol Shima , Ahmadi Zahra , Roomiani Sahar , Katebi Majid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMelanoma as the most major skin malignancy has attracted much attention, so far. Although a successful therapeutic strategy requires an accurate understanding of the precise mechanisms for the initiation and progression of the melanoma. Several types of cell death mechanisms have recently been identified along with conventional cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis. Among those mechanisms, necroptosis, anoikis, ferroptosis, and autophagy may be considered to have remarkable modulatory impacts on melanoma. In the present review, we explain the mechanisms of cell death signaling pathways related to autophagy, ferroptosis, anoikis, necroptosis, and reticulum endoplasmic stress in cells and describe how those mechanisms transduce signals in melanoma cells. Meanwhile, we describe how we can modulate those mechanisms to eliminate melanoma.
Evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for influenza A and B in the tropics
Authors: Chong Yoong Min , Tan Xiu Hui , Hooi Poh Sim , Lee Lu Mei , Sam I‐Ching , Chan Yoke Fun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRapid diagnosis of influenza is important for early treatment and institution of control measures. In developing tropical countries such as Malaysia, influenza occurs all year round, but molecular assays and conventional techniques (such as immunofluorescence and culture) for diagnosis are not widely available. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) may be useful in this setting. A total of 552 fresh respiratory specimens were assessed from patients with respiratory symptoms at a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 2017 to March 2018. Two digital immunoassays (DIAs), STANDARD F Influenza A/B Fluorescence Immunoassay (STANDARD F) and Sofia Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay (Sofia) and one conventional RIDT (immunochromatographic assay), SD Bioline Influenza Ag A/B/A(H1N1) Pandemic rapid test kit (SD Bioline) were evaluated in comparison with a WHO‐recommended reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). Of the 552 samples, influenza A virus was detected in 47 (8.5%) and influenza B virus in 7 (1.3%). The digital immunoassays STANDARD F and Sofia had significantly higher overall sensitivity rates (71.7% and 70.6%, respectively) than the conventional RIDT SD Bioline and immunofluorescence/viral culture (55.8% and 52.8%, respectively). Sensitivity rates were higher for influenza A than influenza B, and specificity rates were uniformly high, ranging from 98% to 100%. Digital readout RIDTs can be used in tropical settings with year‐round influenza if PCR is unavailable.
Role of nitrogen supplementation in alleviating drought‐associated growth and metabolic impairments in Phoebe zhennan seedlings
Authors: Tariq Akash , Pan Kaiwen , Olatunji Olusanya Abiodun , Graciano Corina , Li Ningning , Li Zilong , Song Dagang , Sun Feng , Justine Meta Francis , Huang Dan , Gong Shanxing , Pandey Bikram , Idrees Muhammad , Dakhil Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrought is one of the major environmental stresses altering forest productivity. However, nutrient availability can modulate drought resistance. Phoebe zhennan (gold Phoebe) is a high‐quality timber‐producing but threatened tree species in China, facing serious anthropogenic disturbances and abiotic constraints that restrict its growth and development. However, little attention has been given to designing adaptive strategies for its management by evaluating the possible role of major nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), on its morphological and physio‐biochemical responses under water stress. To evaluate these responses, a complete randomized design was followed to investigate the effects of two irrigation levels (well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions) and N fertilization treatments (with and without N). Drought stress significantly affected the growth of seedlings, as indicated by impaired photosynthesis, pigment degradation, disrupted N metabolism, over‐production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Nitrogen supplementation under drought stress had remarkable positive effects on the growth through physio‐biochemical adjustments as shown by higher level of nitrogenous compounds and up‐regulation of N‐associated metabolic enzymes activities which might be due to N‐mediated improved leaf relative water contents and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, N application reduced oxidative stress and membrane damage, and maintained a high accumulation of osmolytes. However, in well‐watered seedlings N fertilization significantly improved root biomass and net CO2 assimilation rate suggesting high N‐use efficiency of the seedlings. These findings reveal that drought significantly affects the growth of P. zhennan, while N fertilization plays a crucial role in alleviating water stress damage by improving its drought tolerance potential at low metabolic costs. Therefore, N fertilization could be considered as an effective strategy for the conservation and management of P. zhennan in the face of future climate change.