bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of OPTIMAL Instructions and Feedback in Physical Education Settings
Authors: Simpson Thomas , Cronin Lorcan , Ellison Paul , Hawkins Thomas , Carnegie Evelyn , Marchant David 
Published: October 2024

In physical education (PE), the use of instruction and feedback is central to children’s motor skill learning. Recently, it has been identified that instruction, and feedback, which promote OPTIMAL theory motor learning factors (e.g., an external focus of attention, enhanced expectancies, and autonomy support) can enhance children’s motor learning. However, it is unclear how PE teachers use OPTIMAL instructional approaches and therefore, was examined in the present study. Verbal statements (n = 5,765) from seven PE teachers (mean age: 39.29 ± 7.19 years) over 10 PE lessons were collected and thematically analyzed. Results indicate that PE teachers use more externally focused (25%) versus internally focused (10%) instructional behaviors. Moreover, PE teachers used instructional approaches that enhanced (35%) as compared with diminished expectancies (8%) in addition to statements which supported (35%) rather than thwarted (23%) autonomy. Overall, PE teachers appear to use instructional behaviors which support OPTIMAL motor learning; however, more efforts are needed to improve the provision of optimized instructional behaviors. Additionally, the findings indicate that OPTIMAL instructions and feedback are rarely delivered in isolation and may be influenced by the contextual factors of PE and sometimes conflict in their delivery (i.e., externally focused and autonomy thwarting).
Transitioning From Traditional Sport to Esport: Exploring Sport Psychology Practitioners’ Experiences
Authors: Brain Jonathan , Quartiroli Alessandro , Wagstaff Christopher R.D. 
Published: October 2024

Sport psychology practitioners are increasingly operating in the esport domain. Yet it remains unclear how practitioners who have exclusively been trained in traditional sport develop a contextually grounded understanding of their practice in esport. This study, framed from an ontological relativism and epistemological interpretivism approach, involved semistructured interviews with 10 qualified practitioners (three female, seven male) who transitioned from traditional sport to esport. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and presented via three composite vignettes: (a) My wish was to feel a part of the team, but there’s no team; (b) To be honest, did I have assumptions going into esport? Absolutely!; and (c) Esport is the wild, wild west. Our findings offer insights on the hurdles associated with transitioning from traditional sport to esport, thus highlighting the important role that esport organizations, training routes, and educational institutions have in supporting practitioners to ethically and effectively work in this domain.
Risk of collagen-related disorders and neurological events among patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection following short treatment with fluoroquinolones: a cohort study
Authors: Mitrani-Gold Fanny S. , Ju Shinyoung , Drysdale Myriam , Schultze Anna , Mu George , Logie John 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Studies of fluoroquinolone (FQ) safety across indications show increased collagen/neurological adverse event (AE) risk, yet patients still receive FQs for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs). This retrospective, cohort study investigated the risk of collagen/neurological AEs of special interest (AESIs) with short-term FQ use versus standard-of-care antibiotics (trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole [SXT], nitrofurantoin [NTF]) among female outpatients with uUTIs. This study was conducted between December 2009 and 2019 using Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database. Adjusted absolute risks were calculated for composite/collagen/neurological AESIs (Kaplan–Meier cumulative hazards, after applying stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting [sIPTW]). Adjusted hazard ratios were generated (sIPTW Cox proportional hazard modeling). Overall, 954,777 patients were included: FQ (
n
= 386,537 [40.5%]); SXT (
n
= 237,120 [24.8%]); NTF (
n
= 314,585 [32.9%]). Adjusted absolute risk range for collagen/neurological AESIs was <1%–4.5%. The hazard (95% CI) of tendon rupture was 25% higher with FQ versus SXT (1.25 [1.00–1.57];
P
= 0.0497). Patients receiving FQ had lower hazard of neurological (0.95 [0.93–0.97];
P
< 0.0001), central nervous system (0.85 [0.80–0.89];
P
< 0.0001), and peripheral nervous system (0.96 [0.93–0.98];
P
= 0.0016) AESIs versus NTF. Following a short treatment duration, FQs were associated with increased risk of tendon rupture versus SXT and reduced risk (adjusted hazard ratios) of neurological AESI versus NTF. Individual patient risk and consequences for known uncommon, yet serious, AEs need to inform appropriate antibiotic choice in treating uUTIs. Patient profile, efficacy, microbiome impact, safety, and surveillance should inform antibiotic selection for uUTI management, in accordance with guidelines.
Long-term clinical course of
Mycobacterium avium
complex pulmonary disease patients with treatment failure
Authors: Zo Sungmin , Choe Junsu , Kim Dae Hun , Kim Su-Young , Jhun Byung Woo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Despite guideline-based therapy, some patients with
Mycobacterium avium
complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) experience treatment failure. We analyzed the clinical courses of 271 patients with treatment-refractory MAC-PD who discontinued therapy after at least 12 months. Patients were categorized into two groups—the retreatment group, who resumed antibiotics due to clinical or radiological deterioration, and the stable group, who did not require antibiotics. Of the study patients, 138 (51%) were in the retreatment group, whereas 133 (49%) were in the stable group. In the multivariate analysis models, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] =1.01), the presence of a cavity (aHR = 1.75), and the number of lobes affected by bronchiectasis (aHR = 1.21) were associated with the need for retreatment. Our data indicated that approximately 50% of the patients with refractory MAC-PD who discontinued antibiotics eventually required retreatment, which was influenced by the extent of lung destruction or inflammation. These findings can aid in determining treatment strategies for patients with refractory diseases.
Cyanobacteria newly isolated from marine volcanic seeps display rapid sinking and robust, high-density growth
Authors: Schubert Max G. , Tang Tzu-Chieh , Goodchild-Michelman Isabella M. , Ryon Krista A. , Henriksen James R. , Chavkin Theodore , Wu Yanqi , Miettinen Teemu P. , Van Wychen Stefanie , Dahlin Lukas R. , Spatafora Davide , Turco Gabriele , Guarnieri Michael T. , Manalis Scott R. , Kowitz John , Hann Elizabeth C. , Dhir Raja , Quatrini Paola , Mason Christopher E. , Church George M. , Milazzo Marco , Tierney Braden T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that play important roles in carbon cycling and are promising bioproduction chassis. Here, we isolate two novel cyanobacteria with 4.6Mbp genomes, UTEX 3221 and UTEX 3222, from a unique marine environment with naturally elevated CO₂. We describe complete genome sequences for both isolates and, focusing on UTEX 3222 due to its planktonic growth in liquid, characterize biotechnologically relevant growth and biomass characteristics. UTEX 3222 outpaces other fast-growing model strains on a solid medium. It can double every 2.35 hours in a liquid medium and grows to high density (>31 g/L biomass dry weight) in batch culture, nearly double that of
Synechococcus
sp. PCC 11901, whose high-density growth was recently reported. In addition, UTEX 3222 sinks readily, settling more quickly than other fast-growing strains, suggesting favorable economics of harvesting UTEX 3222 biomass. These traits may make UTEX 3222 a compelling choice for marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and photosynthetic bioproduction from CO₂. Overall, we find that bio-prospecting in environments with naturally elevated CO₂ may uncover novel CO₂-metabolizing organisms with unique characteristics.

IMPORTANCE
Cyanobacteria provide a potential avenue for both biomanufacturing and combatting climate change via high-efficiency photosynthetic carbon sequestration. This study identifies novel photosynthetic organisms isolated from a unique geochemical environment and describes their genomes, growth behavior in culture, and biochemical composition. These cyanobacteria appear to make a tractable research model, and cultures are made publicly available alongside information about their culture and maintenance. Application of these organisms to carbon sequestration and/or biomanufacturing is discussed, including unusual, rapid settling characteristics of the strains relevant to scaled culture.
Protein phosphatase 1 suppresses PKR/EIF2α signaling during human cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Lenarcic Erik M. , Hale Andrew E. , Vincent Heather A. , Dickmander Rebekah J. , Sanders Wes , Moorman Nathaniel J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects the majority of the world’s population. Lytic HCMV replication in immunocompromised individuals or neonates can lead to severe disease in multiple organ systems and even death. The establishment of lytic replication is driven by the first viral proteins expressed upon infection, the immediate early proteins, which play a key role in creating an intracellular environment conducive to virus replication. Two immediate early proteins, the functional orthologs pTRS1 and pIRS1, stimulate immediate early gene expression by suppressing antiviral PKR/eIF2α signaling and enhance the translation of viral mRNAs independent of PKR antagonism. To better understand the molecular functions of pTRS1, we used proximity labeling proteomics to identify proteins that interact with pTRS1 in infected cells. Multiple novel host and viral interactors were identified, including the catalytic subunits of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) holoenzyme. Mutations to a PP1 catalytic subunit known to disrupt binding to PP1 regulatory subunits decreased binding to pTRS1. pTRS1 immune complexes contained phosphatase activity, and inhibition of phosphatase activity in transfected or infected cells reversed the ability of pTRS1 to inhibit the antiviral kinase PKR. Depletion of individual PP1 catalytic subunits decreased virus replication and increased the phosphorylation of the PKR substrate eIF2α. Taken together, our data suggest potential novel functions for pTRS1 and define a novel role for PP1 as an antagonist of the antiviral PKR/eIF2α signaling axis during HCMV infection.

IMPORTANCE
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pTRS1 and pIRS1 proteins are critical regulators of HCMV replication, both during primary infection and during reactivation from viral latency. Thus, defining the molecular functions of pTRS1/pIRS1 is important for understanding the molecular events controlling HCMV replication and viral disease. These data provide new insights into potential pTRS1 functional roles, providing a starting point for others to understand new features of infected cell biology. Another important result of this study is the finding that specific protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulatory subunits are required to suppress PKR/eIF2α signaling, a critical cellular innate immune defense to viral infection. These data lay the groundwork for future efforts to discover therapeutics that disrupt pTRS1 interaction with PP1 allowing cellular defenses to limit HCMV replication and disease.
Small hepatitis B virus surface antigen (SHBs) induces dyslipidemia by suppressing apolipoprotein-AII expression through ER stress-mediated modulation of HNF4α and C/EBPγ
Authors: Wu Yunli , Ren Lan , Mao Chenglei , Shen Zhiqing , Zhu Wenyu , Su Zhijun , Lin Xinjian , Lin Xu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) often leads to disruptions in lipid metabolism. Apolipoprotein AII (apoAII) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is implicated in various metabolic disorders. However, whether HBV could regulate apoAII and contribute to HBV-related dyslipidemia and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study revealed significant reductions in apoAII expression in HBV-expressing cell lines, the serum, and liver tissues of HBV-transgenic mice. The impact of HBV on apoAII is related to small hepatitis B virus surface antigen (SHBs). Overexpression of SHBs decreased apoAII levels in SHBs-expressing hepatoma cells, transgenic mice, and the serum of HBV-infected patients, whereas suppression of SHBs increased apoAII expression. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that SHBs repressed the apoAII promoter activity through a HNF4α- and C/EBPγ-dependent manner; SHBs simultaneously upregulated C/EBPγ and downregulated HNF4α by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Serum lipid profile assessments revealed notable decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) in SHBs-transgenic mice compared to control mice. However, concurrent overexpression of apoAII in these mice effectively counteracted these reductions in lipid levels. In HBV patients, SHBs levels were negatively correlated with serum levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG, whereas apoAII levels positively correlated with lipid content. This study underscores that SHBs contributes to dyslipidemia by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway via inducing ER stress, leading to altered expression of HNF4α and C/EBPγ, and subsequently reducing apoAII expression.

IMPORTANCE
The significance of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of how the hepatitis B virus (HBV), specifically through its small hepatitis B virus surface antigen (SHBs), impacts lipid metabolism—a key aspect often disrupted by chronic HBV infection. By elucidating the role of SHBs in regulating apolipoprotein AII (apoAII), a critical player in lipid processes and associated metabolic disorders, this research provides insights into the molecular pathways contributing to HBV-related dyslipidemia. Discovering that SHBs downregulates apoAII through mechanisms involving the repression of the apoAII promoter via HNF4α and C/EBPγ, and the modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, adds critical knowledge to HBV pathogenesis. The research also shows an inverse correlation between SHBs expression and key lipid markers in HBV-infected individuals, suggesting that apoAII overexpression could counteract the lipid-altering effects of SHBs, offering new avenues for understanding and managing the metabolic implications of HBV infection.
Draft genomes of the bile duct microbiome strains
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Enterococcus lactis
isolated from bilioenteric drainages with biofilm-forming abilities
Authors: Dumann Güel , Rohland Oliver , Abdel-Glil Mostafa Y. , Allen Rosalind J. , Bauer Michael , Busch Anne 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We describe the genetic properties of two strains isolated from the elusive bile duct microbiome from solid organ transplant patients. Bacterial strains
Enterococcus lactis
(MS-STENT-08-E-001) and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(MS-STENT-01-M-001) were isolated from the biofilms of bile duct catheters.
Draft genome sequence of a cyanobacterium
Gloeocapsa
sp. BRSZ, isolated from Bo Khlueng hot spring in Ratchaburi, Thailand
Authors: Aono Taiki , Samsri Sasiprapa , Waditee-Sirisattha Rungaroon , Kageyama Hakuto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Gloeocapsa
sp. BRSZ isolated from Bo Khlueng hot spring in Thailand, comprising 42 contigs assembled at the scaffold level, totaling 6,084,403 bp, with 43.5% G + C content. It contains 5,456 putative protein-coding genes, including genes responsible for biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids.
Complete genome sequence of
Promicromonospora
sp. strain Populi
,
an actinobacterium isolated from
Populus trichocarpa
rhizosphere
Authors: Podar Mircea , Hochanadel Leah H. , Alexander William G. , Schadt Christopher W. , Pelletier Dale A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Promicromonospora
sp. strain Populi is an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a black cottonwood tree,
Populus trichocarpa
. We completely sequenced its 5.2-Mbp chromosome using Oxford Nanopore long reads and predicted it to encode 4,685 proteins, 3 rRNA operons, and 54 tRNAs and noncoding RNAs.
Complete genome sequences of nine double recombinant vaccine-derived novel oral poliovirus type 2 genomes from Nigeria 2023–2024
Authors: Castro Christina J. , Oderinde Bamidele Soji , Poston Katherine D. , Mawashi Kabir Yusuf , Bullard Kelley , Akinola Monilade , Meade Caeden , Liu Hongmei , Hu Fang , Bullows James E. , Gonzalez Zachary , Pang Hong , Sarris Sarah , Agha Chadi , Dybdahl-Sissoko Naomi , Perry Daniel B. , McDuffie Larin , Henderson Elizabeth , Burns Cara C. , Jorba Jaume , Baba Marycelin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of nine double recombinant vaccine-derived novel oral poliovirus type 2 genomes from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases (
n
= 3), AFP case contacts (
n
= 4), and environmental surveillance sampling (
n
= 2) in Nigeria.
Gut and oral microbial compositional differences in women with breast cancer, women with ductal carcinoma
in situ
, and healthy women
Authors: McCune Emma , Sharma Anukriti , Johnson Breanna , O'Meara Tess , Theiner Sarah , Campos Maribel , Heditsian Diane , Brain Susie , Gilbert Jack A. , Esserman Laura , Campbell Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

This study characterized and compared the fecal and oral microbiota from women with early-stage breast cancer (BC), women with ductal carcinoma
in situ
(DCIS), and healthy women. Fecal and oral samples were collected from newly diagnosed patients prior to any therapy and characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Measures of gut microbial alpha diversity were significantly lower in the BC vs healthy cohort. Beta diversity differed significantly between the BC or DCIS and healthy groups, and several differentially abundant taxa were identified. Clustering (non-negative matrix factorization) of the gut microbiota identified five bacterial guilds dominated by
Prevotella
, Enterobacteriaceae,
Akkermansia
, Clostridiales, or
Bacteroides
. The
Bacteroides
and Enterobacteriaceae guilds were significantly more abundant in the BC cohort compared to healthy controls, whereas the Clostridiales guild was more abundant in the healthy group. Finally, prediction of functional pathways identified 23 pathways that differed between the BC and healthy gut microbiota including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. In contrast to the gut microbiomes, there were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity in the oral microbiomes, and very few differentially abundant taxa were observed. Non-negative matrix factorization analysis of the oral microbiota samples identified seven guilds dominated by
Veillonella
,
Prevotella
, Gemellaceae,
Haemophilus
,
Neisseria
,
Propionibacterium
, and
Streptococcus
; however, none of these guilds were differentially associated with the different cohorts. Our results suggest that alterations in the gut microbiota may provide the basis for interventions targeting the gut microbiome to improve treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis.

IMPORTANCE

Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in breast cancer. Few studies have evaluated both the gut and oral microbiomes in women with breast cancer (BC), and none have characterized these microbiomes in women with ductal carcinoma
in situ
(DCIS). We surveyed the gut and oral microbiomes from women with BC or DCIS and healthy women and identified compositional and functional features of the gut microbiota that differed between these cohorts. In contrast, very few differential features were identified in the oral microbiota. Understanding the role of gut bacteria in BC and DCIS may open up new opportunities for the development of novel markers for early detection (or markers of susceptibility) as well as new strategies for prevention and/or treatment.
The ability in managing reactive oxygen species affects
Escherichia coli
persistence to ampicillin after nutrient shifts
Authors: Zhang Ruixue , Hartline Christopher , Zhang Fuzhong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial persistence profoundly impacts biofilms, infections, and antibiotic effectiveness. Persister formation can be substantially promoted by nutrient shift, which commonly exists in natural environments. However, mechanisms that promote persister formation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the persistence frequency of
Escherichia coli
after switching from various carbon sources to fatty acid and observed drastically different survival rates. While more than 99.9% of cells died during a 24-hour ampicillin (AMP) treatment after the glycerol to oleic acid (GLY → OA + AMP) shift, a surprising 56% of cells survived the same antibiotic treatment after the glucose to oleic acid (GLU → OOA + AMP) shift. Using a combination of single-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy, we discovered that the induction of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by AMP is the primary mechanism of cell killing after switching from gluconeogenic carbons to OA + AMP. Moreover, the timing of the ROS burst is highly correlated (
R
2
= 0.91) with the start of the rapid killing phase in the time-kill curves for all gluconeogenic carbons. However, ROS did not accumulate to lethal levels after the GLU → OA + AMP shift. We also found that the overexpression of the oxidative stress regulator and ROS detoxification enzymes strongly affects the amounts of ROS and the persistence frequency following the nutritional shift. These findings elucidate the different persister frequencies resulting from various nutrient shifts and underscore the pivotal role of ROS. Our study provides insights into bacterial persistence mechanisms, holding promise for targeted therapeutic interventions combating bacterial resistance effectively.

IMPORTANCE

This research delves into the intriguing realm of bacterial persistence and its profound implications for biofilms, infections, and antibiotic efficacy. The study focuses on
Escherichia coli
and how the switch from different carbon sources to fatty acids influences the formation of persister-resilient bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. The findings reveal a striking variation in survival rates, with a significant number of cells surviving ampicillin treatment after transitioning from glucose to oleic acid. The key revelation is the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell killing, particularly after switching from gluconeogenic carbons. The timing of ROS bursts aligns with the rapid killing phase, highlighting the critical impact of oxidative stress regulation on persistence frequency. This research provides valuable insights into bacterial persistence mechanisms, offering potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions to combat bacterial resistance effectively.