bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early detection of undesirable deviations in must fermentation using a portable FTIR‐ATR instrument and multivariate analysis
Authors: Cavaglia Julieta , Giussani Barbara , Mestres Montserrat , Puxeu Miquel , Busto Olga , Ferré Joan , Boqué Ricard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA portable FTIR‐ATR spectrometer was used to monitor small‐scale must fermentations (microvinifications) with the aims to describe the process and to early detect problematic fermentations. Twenty fermentations at normal operation conditions (NOC) and three fermentations that were intentionally deviated from NOC (yeast assimilable nitrogen deficiency—YAN) were monitored. FTIR‐ATR spectra were registered after a minimum sample pretreatment during the fermentation process. In addition, density, sugars (glucose and fructose), and acetic acid contents were determined by traditional methods. Different multivariate analysis strategies (global and local models) were applied to the spectroscopic data to describe the evolution of the NOC fermentation and to early detect the abnormal fermentations. Global models based on principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) allowed to describe the evolution of fermentations in time and to correctly classify NOC and YAN fermentations. Abnormal deviations were successfully detected by developing one model for each sampling time. YAN experiments could be identified 49 hours after the beginning of the fermentations by means of Hotelling T2 and residual F statistics. In conclusion, ATR‐FTIR coupled to multivariate analysis showed great potential as a fast and simple at‐line analysis tool to monitor wine fermentation and to early detect fermentation problems.
Easy Ruthenium‐Catalysed Oxidation of Primary Amines to Nitriles under Oxidant‐Free Conditions
Authors: Achard Thierry , Egly Julien , Sigrist Michel , Maisse‐François Aline , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA dehydrogenation of primary amine to give the corresponding nitrile under oxidant‐ and base‐free conditions catalysed by simple [Ru(p‐cym)Cl2]2 with no extra ligand is reported. The system is highly selective for alkyl amines, whereas benzylamine derivatives gave the nitrile product together with the imine in a ratio ranging from 14:1 to 4:1 depending on the substrate. Preliminary mechanistic investigations have been performed to identify the key factors that govern the selectivity.
Design Strategy of Decorating Phenylcarbazole with a Donor and Acceptor for Blue‐Shifted Emission in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Kim Do Sik , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Hong Wan Pyo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters of 1′′‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9,9′′‐diphenyl‐9H,9′′H‐3,3′:9′,4′′‐tercarbazole (TrzCz1) and 3′,6′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐4,9′‐bicarbazole (TrzCz2) were synthesized through a molecular design approach to decorate phenylcarbazole with a donor and an acceptor. The 1‐ and 4‐positions of the phenylcarbazole core were modified with a diphenyltriazine acceptor and a bicarbazole or tert‐butylcarbazole donor, respectively, through a synthetic strategy to introduce Br at the 1‐position and F at the 4‐position. The TrzCz1 and TrzCz2 emitters showed maximum photoluminescence emission bands at λ=443 and 433 nm, which were blueshifted relative to those of the corresponding TADF emitters with the same donor and acceptor, respectively. In the device application, the TrzCz1 emitter showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.4 %, with a color coordinate of (0.16, 0.21), and the TrzCz2 emitter showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.9 %, with a color coordinate of (0.14, 0.09). This work proved that the design strategy of decorating phenylcarbazole with a donor and an acceptor is effective at blueshifting the emission of TADF emitters.
Efficient content retrieval in fog zone using Nano‐Caches
Authors: Singh Simar Preet , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Anju 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIt is always desired to improve the response time from cloud servers, which deliver contents without buffering. As the penetration of mobile/fog devices is increasing, the limits of cellular ranges come under question. This question arises in spite of the fact that the current Internet Service Providers and data operators are adding cellular towers frequently to reduce delay and enhance performance. This performance can be improved by increasing Nano‐Cache(s) at the edges of the network for forwarding interrelated contents to remote corner of the earth. In this research work, Nano‐Caches are integrated for delivering contents efficiently, using search‐based optimization techniques, which are energy and response aware in nature. An algorithm, namely, Modified Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization(MTLBO), is devised and implemented in fog zone to find efficient route for forwarding contents using Nano‐Caches and subsequently to improve content retrieval time. Mathematical distribution model of traffic is used for simulation process. MTLBO is compared with existing algorithms, namely, Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization (TLBO) Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (SA) Algorithm. The design of experiments (DOE) was carried out to observe number of iterations, learning rate, and by changing the network size. Java library was used for observing values of memory and execution time. The results show that Modified Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization (MTLBO) approach is better than Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization (TLBO) approach as it has less overheads in terms of memory (considering number of fog caches) and network size for delivering contents at remote areas. In comparison to the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, MTLBO performs better in terms of execution time, overhead in terms of memory, and scalability as function of network size.
Census timing alters stage duration distributions in matrix population models
Authors: Okuyama Toshinori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMatrix population models are widely used to study the dynamics of stage‐structured populations. A census in these models is an event monitoring the number of individuals in each stage and occurs at discrete time intervals. The two most common methods used in building matrix population models are the prebreeding census and postbreeding census. Models using the prebreeding and postbreeding censuses assume that breeding occurs immediately before or immediately after the censuses, respectively. In some models such as age‐structured models, the results are identical regardless of the method used, rendering the choice of method a matter of preference. However, in stage‐structured models, where the duration of the first stage of life varies among newborns, a choice between the prebreeding and postbreeding censuses may result in different conclusions. This is attributed to the different first‐stage duration distributions assumed by the two methods. This study investigated the difference emerging in the structures of these models and its consequence on conclusions of eigenvalue and elasticity analyses using two‐stage models. Considerations required in choosing a modeling method are also discussed.
Traits of litter‐dwelling forest arthropod predators and detritivores covary spatially with traits of their resources
Authors: Brousseau Pierre‐Marc , Gravel Dominique , Handa I. Tanya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe functional trait approach proposes that relating traits of organisms within a community to variation in abiotic and biotic characteristics of their environment will provide insight on the mechanisms of community assembly. As traits at a given trophic level might act as filters for the selection of traits at another trophic level, we hypothesized that traits of consumers and of their resources covary in space. We evaluated complementary predictions about top‐down (negative) and bottom‐up (positive) trait covariation in a detrital food web. Additionally, we tested whether positive trait covariation was better explained by the Resource Concentration Hypothesis (i.e., most commonly represented trait values attract abundant consumers) or the Resource Specialization Hypothesis (i.e., resource diversity increases niche availability for the consumers). Macroarthopods were collected with pitfall traps over two summers in three forested sites of southern Quebec in 110 plots that varied in tree species composition. Six feeding traits of consumers (detritivores and predators) and six palatability traits of their resources (leaf litter and prey) were matched to assess spatial covariation. Trait matches included consumer biting force/resource toughness, detritivore mandibular gape/leaf thickness, predator/prey body size ratio, etc. Our results demonstrate for the first time a covariation between feeding traits of detritivores and palatability traits of leaf litter (31–34%), and between feeding traits of litter‐dwelling predators and palatability traits of potential prey (38–44%). The observed positive covariation supports both the Resource Concentration Hypothesis and Resource Specialization Hypothesis. Spatial covariation of consumer and resource traits provides a new tool to partially predict the structure of the detrital food web. Nonetheless, top‐down regulation remains difficult to confirm. Further research on top‐down processes will be undoubtedly necessary to refine our capacity to interpret the effect of biotic interactions on co‐distribution.
Green synthesis of conductive polyaniline by Trametes versicolor laccase using a DNA template
Authors: Giacobbe Simona , Pezzella Cinzia , Della Ventura Bartolomeo , Giacobelli Valerio Guido , Rossi Manuela , Fontanarosa Carolina , Amoresano Angela , Sannia Giovanni , Velotta Raffaele , Piscitelli Alessandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe green synthesis of highly conductive polyaniline by using two biological macromolecules, i.e laccase as biocatalyst, and DNA as template/dopant, was achieved in this work. Trametes versicolor laccase B (TvB) was found effective in oxidizing both aniline and its less toxic/mutagenic dimer N‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (DANI) to conductive polyaniline. Reaction conditions for synthesis of conductive polyanilines were set‐up, and structural and electrochemical properties of the two polymers were extensively investigated. When the less toxic aniline dimer was used as substrate, the polymerization reaction was faster and gave less‐branched polymer. DNA was proven to work as hard template for both enzymatically synthesized polymers, conferring them a semi‐ordered morphology. Moreover, DNA also acts as dopant leading to polymers with extraordinary conductive properties (∼6 S/cm). It can be envisaged that polymer properties are magnified by the concomitant action of DNA as template and dopant. Herein, the developed combination of laccase and DNA represents a breakthrough in the green synthesis of conductive materials.
Theoretical models for gas adsorption‐induced coal deformation under coal seam field conditions
Authors: Liu Huihui , Lin Baiquan , Yang Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCoal deformation caused by gas adsorption is a well‐known phenomenon and has played an important role in many engineering fields. For example, the bulk coal deformation induced by gas is a primary factor in coal and gas outbursts, and the changes in coalbed permeability are primarily determined by the evolution of the coal fracture volumetric strain during gas recovery. However, the current models of coal deformation induced by gas do not fully consider the coal seam field conditions or the deformation factors. To better fit coal seam field conditions and provide a basis for engineering applications, in this work, based on coal's physical structure, coal seam field conditions, the energy balance approach, poroelasticity, mathematical differentiation, and previous scholars' research results, the volumetric strain models of bulk coal, coal fracture, and coal matrix under coal seam field conditions are established. In addition, based on the analysis of the effect of gas pressure on coal deformation, the difference in gas pressure effects on the bulk coal deformation between experimental conditions and coal seam field conditions revealed that when the bulk coal deformation is tested in a laboratory, the gas pressure exerts a compressive effect on the bulk coal. However, under coal seam field conditions, the gas pressure has a swelling effect on the bulk coal. Additionally, gas pressure exerts an compression on the coal matrix and a swelling on the coal fracture under coal seam field conditions. At the end of the paper, the established models were analyzed and discussed from multiple perspectives. It was shown that the coal deformation models established in this paper are all accurate and reliable.
Identification of groundwater mean transit times of precipitation and riverbank infiltration by two‐component lumped parameter models
Authors: Le Duy Nguyen , Dung Nguyen Viet , Heidbüchel Ingo , Meyer Hanno , Weiler Markus , Merz Bruno , Apel Heiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGroundwater transit time is an essential hydrologic metric for groundwater resources management. However, especially in tropical environments, studies on the transit time distribution (TTD) of groundwater infiltration and its corresponding mean transit time (mTT) have been extremely limited due to data sparsity. In this study, we primarily use stable isotopes to examine the TTDs and their mTTs of both vertical and horizontal infiltration at a riverbank infiltration area in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), representative of the tropical climate in Asian monsoon regions.Precipitation, river water, groundwater, and local ponding surface water were sampled for 3 to 9 years and analysed for stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H), providing a unique data set of stable isotope records for a tropical region. We quantified the contribution that the two sources contributed to the local shallow groundwater by a novel concept of two‐component lumped parameter models (LPMs) that are solved using δ18O records.The study illustrates that two‐component LPMs, in conjunction with hydrological and isotopic measurements, are able to identify subsurface flow conditions and water mixing at riverbank infiltration systems. However, the predictive skill and the reliability of the models decrease for locations farther from the river, where recharge by precipitation dominates, and a low‐permeable aquitard layer above the highly permeable aquifer is present. This specific setting impairs the identifiability of model parameters. For river infiltration, short mTTs (<40 weeks) were determined for sites closer to the river (<200 m), whereas for the precipitation infiltration, the mTTs were longer (>80 weeks) and independent of the distance to the river.The results not only enhance the understanding of the groundwater recharge dynamics in the VMD but also suggest that the highly complex mechanisms of surface–groundwater interaction can be conceptualized by exploiting two‐component LPMs in general. The model concept could thus be a powerful tool for better understanding both the hydrological functioning of mixing processes and the movement of different water components in riverbank infiltration systems.
Assessing the performance of a physically based hydrological model using a proxy‐catchment approach in an agricultural environment
Authors: Escobar‐Ruiz Veronica , Smith Hugh G. , Blake William H. , Macdonald Neil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhysically based models are useful frameworks for testing intervention strategies designed to reduce elevated sediment loads in agricultural catchments. Evaluating the success of these strategies depends on model accuracy, generally established by a calibration and evaluation process. In this contribution, the physically based SHETRAN model was assessed in two similar U.K. agricultural catchments. The model was calibrated on the Blackwater catchment (18 km2) and evaluated in the adjacent Kit Brook catchment (22 km2) using 4 years of 15 min discharge and suspended sediment flux data. Model sensitivity to changes in single and multiple combinations of parameters and sensitivity to changes in digital elevation model resolution were assessed. Model flow performance was reasonably accurate with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.78 in Blackwater and 0.60 in Kit Brook. In terms of event prediction, the mean of the absolute percentage of difference (μAbsdiff) between measured and simulated flow volume (Qv), peak discharge (Qp), sediment yield (Sy), and peak sediment flux (Sp) showed larger values in Kit Brook (48% [Qv], 66% [Qp], 298% [Sy], and 438% [Sp]) compared with the Blackwater catchment (30% [Qv], 41% [Qp], 106% [Sy], and 86% [Sp]). Results indicate that SHETRAN can produce reasonable flow prediction but performs less well in estimation of sediment flux, despite reasonably similar hydrosedimentary behaviour between catchments. The sensitivity index showed flow volume sensitive to saturated hydraulic conductivity and peak discharge to the Strickler coefficient; sediment yield was sensitive to the overland flow erodibility coefficient and peak sediment flux to raindrop/leaf soil erodibility coefficient. The multiparameter sensitivity analysis showed that different combinations of parameters produced similar model responses. Model sensitivity to grid resolution presented similar flow volumes for different digital elevation model resolutions, whereas event peak and duration (for both flow and sediment flux) were highly sensitive to changes in grid size.
Blood circRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Zhao Tian , Zheng YaLi , Hao DengZai , Jin Xuesong , Luo QiongZhen , Guo YaTao , Li DaiXi , Xi Wen , Xu Yu , Chen YuSheng , Gao ZhanCheng , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as effective diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in many diseases, but the potential of using this easy‐to‐monitor and highly stable materials for diagnosing Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unexplored. Here, aiming to identify potential CAP‐related circRNAs in peripheral blood and seeking to deepen the understanding of how circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory networks may contribute to CAP, we applied microarrays profiling analysis and identified 8296 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs between patients with CAP (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 6). Subsequently, we validated the accumulation trends for the top 100 DE circRNAs based on qPCR in an independent validation cohort (30 patients vs 30 controls), and ultimately identified a panel of four circRNAs that perform extremely well as sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosing CAP: hsa_circ_0018429 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.8216), hsa_circ_0026579 (AUC = 0.7733), hsa_circ_0125357 (AUC = 0.7730), and hsa_circ_0099188 (AUC = 0.6978); combined as a panel (AUC = 0.8776). In addition, hsa_circ_0026579 exhibited good performance in differentiating viral from bacterial or mixed infection, with an AUC of 0.863. We also identified 10 miRNAs that most likely to interact with these four circRNAs, and then predicted 205 mRNA target genes. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested highly plausible functional implications related to inflammation and to virus‐infection‐related signaling pathways (such as HTLV‐1 infection and hepatitis B infection). Thus, we generated a genetic network of potential CAP‐related regulatory interactions that should inform future hypothesis‐driven research into the causes and potential treatment of this widespread and frequently fatal disease.
Cancer stem cells: A review from origin to therapeutic implications
Authors: Atashzar Mohammad Reza , Baharlou Rasoul , Karami Jafar , Abdollahi Hamid , Rezaei Ramazan , Pourramezan Fatemeh , Zoljalali Moghaddam Seyed Hamid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor‐initiating cells (TICs), are elucidated as cells that can perpetuate themselves via autorestoration. These cells are highly resistant to current therapeutic approaches and are the main reason for cancer recurrence. Radiotherapy has made a lot of contributions to cancer treatment. However, despite continuous achievements, therapy resistance and tumor recurrence are still prevalent in most patients. This resistance might be partly related to the existence of CSCs. In the present study, recent advances in the investigation of different biological properties of CSCs, such as their origin, markers, characteristics, and targeting have been reviewed. We have also focused our discussion on radioresistance and adaptive responses of CSCs and their related extrinsic and intrinsic influential factors. In summary, we suggest CSCs as the prime therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
tiRNAs: A novel class of small noncoding RNAs that helps cells respond to stressors and plays roles in cancer progression
Authors: Tao En‐Wei , Cheng Wing Yin , Li Wei‐Lin , Yu Jun , Gao Qin‐Yan 
Published: July 2019

AbstracttRNA‐derived stress‐induced RNAs (tiRNAs), important components of tRNA‐derived fragments, are gaining popularity for their functions as small noncoding RNAs involved in cancer progression. Under cellular stress, tiRNAs are generated when mature tRNA is specifically cleaved by angiogenin and suggested to act as transducers or effectors involved in cellular stress responses. tiRNAs facilitate cells to respond to stresses mainly via reprogramming translation, inhibiting apoptosis, degrading mRNA, and generating stress granules. This review introduces the cellular biogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and biological roles of tiRNAs in stress response and disease regulation. A better understanding of their roles in regulating cancer may provide novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diagnosis and treatment.
Lipid phosphatase SHIP‐1 regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and skeletal development
Authors: So Eui‐Young , Sun Changqi , Wu Keith Q. , Driesman Adam , Leggett Susan , Isaac Mauricio , Spangler Travis , Dubielecka‐Szczerba Patrycja M. , Reginato Anthony M. , Liang Olin D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSH2‐containing inositol‐5′‐phosphatase‐1 (SHIP‐1) controls the phosphatidylinositol‐3′‐kinase (PI3K) initiated signaling pathway by limiting cell membrane recruitment and activation of Akt. Despite the fact that many of the growth factors important to cartilage development and functions are able to activate the PI3K signal transduction pathway, little is known about the role of PI3K signaling in chondrocyte biology and its contribution to mammalian skeletogenesis. Here, we report that the lipid phosphatase SHIP‐1 regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and skeletal development through its expression in osteochondroprogenitor cells. Global SHIP‐1 knockout led to accelerated chondrocyte hypertrophy and premature formation of the secondary ossification center in the bones of postnatal mice. Drastically higher vascularization and greater number of c‐kit + progenitors associated with sinusoids in the bone marrow also indicated more advanced chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation in SHIP‐1 knockout mice than in wild‐type mice. In corroboration with the in vivo phenotype, SHIP‐1 deficient PDGFRα + Sca‐1 + osteochondroprogenitor cells exhibited rapid differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes under chondrogenic culture conditions in vitro. Furthermore, SHIP‐1 deficiency inhibited hypoxia‐induced cellular activation of Akt and extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) and suppressed hypoxia‐induced cell proliferation. These results suggest that SHIP‐1 is required for hypoxia‐induced growth signaling under physiological hypoxia in the bone marrow. In conclusion, the lipid phosphatase SHIP‐1 regulates skeletal development by modulating chondrogenesis and the hypoxia response of the osteochondroprogenitors during endochondral bone formation.