bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting folliculitis (dissecting cellulitis) of the scalp: a 66‐patient case series and proposal of classification
Authors: Lee Chaw‐Ning , Chen WenChieh , Hsu Chao‐Kai , Weng Tzu‐Teng , Lee Julia Yu‐Yun , Yang Chao‐Chun 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesDissecting folliculitis (DF) or dissecting cellulitis of the scalp is regarded as a rare disease with disfiguring scarring alopecia. This study aimed to analyze the features of DF and to propose a classification to define its severity.Patients and MethodsA hospital‐based retrospective study was conducted. Patients with a histopathological diagnosis or clinical features leading to diagnosis of DF were included and classified into three stages.ResultsAmong the 66 patients recruited (63 men / 3 women, mean age 24.9 years), multiple interconnected alopecic nodules involving the vertex scalp were the main feature. Histopathology showed an extensive inflamed granulation abscess forming a dissection plane in the lower dermis/subcutis in the acute stage. Lymphocytic infiltration was predominant in seven of 21 histology specimens. Overweight and obesity were noted in 29 of 45 patients examined. No association with smoking was found. There was comorbidity with acne conglobata in 15 of 66 patients, two of whom had acne inversa. Longer disease duration and greater number of nodules were associated with higher severity of DF (p < 0.05). A complete remission rate of 25 % was achieved by any treatment, and a rate of 37.5 % was achieved with oral isotretinoin alone.ConclusionsDF is not uncommon in Taiwan. An association with obesity needs to be clarified.
Wheat as a dual crop for biorefining: Straw quality parameters and their interactions with nitrogen supply in modern elite cultivars
Authors: Jørgensen Henning , van Hecke Jan , Zhang Heng , Malik Pernille L. , Felby Claus , Schjoerring Jan K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAgricultural residues, such as straw, offer an opportunity to produce biofuels and chemicals in biorefineries without compromising food production. The ideal “dual‐purpose cultivar” would have high yield of grain and straw. In addition, the straw should be easy to process in a biorefinery: It should have good degradability, high concentration of carbohydrates, and low concentration of ash. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient important for plant growth, crop yield and grain quality. However, N production and application comes with a high cost and high environmental footprint. The N application should consequently be based on an economical optimum. Limited knowledge exists on how N application affects the potential of straw for biorefining, for example, straw yield and quality. This study, conducted over three cropping seasons, investigated the effect of N supply on the biorefining potential and included 14 wheat cultivars and one triticale cultivar. The N supply directly affected the yield of straw and grain. In addition, the protein concentration in grain and straw increased, but the composition of the straw with respect to carbohydrates and lignin was largely unaffected by N supply. The only significant change was a lower silicon concentration at increasing N application rate, which could be beneficial for lignin valorization in biorefineries. Likely due to the negligible changes in cell wall composition, the effect of N application rate on straw degradability was not significant. N application should therefore primarily be optimized with respect to grain quality and overall yield of grain and straw. Differences between cultivars were also minor with respect to their performance in a biorefinery process. From a breeding and agronomic perspective, focus should therefore be put on maximizing the biomass output from the field, that is, selecting the cultivar with highest grain and straw yield and optimizing the application of fertilizer to get optimum N use efficiency.
Is plaque regrowth inhibited by dentifrice?
Authors: Valkenburg Cees , Van der Weijden Fridus , Slot Dagmar Else 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to establish in studies with human participants the effect of a regular fluoride dentifrice compared to water or saline on dental plaque inhibition.MethodsMEDLINE‐PubMed, Cochrane‐CENTRAL, EMBASE and other electronic databases were searched, up to April 2018. The inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials among participants aged ≥18 years with good general health. Papers that evaluated the effect of dentifrice slurry compared with water or saline on plaque regrowth during a 4‐day nonbrushing period were included. Data were extracted from the eligible studies, the risk of bias was assessed, and a meta‐analysis was performed where feasible.ResultThe search retrieved eight eligible publications including 25 comparisons. The estimated potential risk of bias was low for all studies. Based on three different indices, overall plaque regrowth was significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited for 0.25 or more by the use of a dentifrice slurry as compared to water. All subanalysis on specific dentifrice ingredients and the overall descriptive analysis supported these findings.ConclusionThe results of this review demonstrate moderate‐quality evidence for a weak inhibitory effect on plaque regrowth in favour of the use of a dentifrice intended for daily use.
ON THE TIMING OF PRODUCTION DECISIONS IN MONETARY ECONOMIES
Authors: Anbarci Nejat , Dutu Richard , Sun Ching‐Jen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn most macroeconomic models inflation tends to be harmful. In this article, we show that by simply changing the timing of production decisions by firms from “on demand” to “in advance,” some inflation can boost welfare as long as goods are sufficiently perishable. The main conclusion from this research is that by effectively hiding the strategic interaction between supply and demand, assuming production on demand is not without loss of generality.
Rethinking EU Governance: From ‘Old’ to ‘New’ Approaches to Who Steers Integration*
Authors: Schmidt Vivien A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEU scholars have long been divided on the main drivers of European integration. The original approaches were at odds on whether EU level intergovernmental actors or supranational actors were better able to exercise coercive or institutional power to pursue their interests, with Andrew Moravcsik's liberal intergovernmentalism serving as a baseline for one side of those debates. Newer approaches are similarly divided, but see power in terms of ideational innovation and consensus‐focused deliberation. The one thing old and new approaches have in common is that they ignore the parliamentarists, new and old. What all sides to the debates have failed to recognize is the reality of a ‘new’ EU governance of more politically charged dynamics among all three main EU actors exercising different kinds of power. This has roots not only in the national level's increasing ‘politics against policy’ and its bottom up effects on the EU level. It also stems from EU institutional interactions at the top, and its ‘policy with politics’.
Chronic radial artery occlusion does not cause exercise induced hand ischemia
Authors: van der Heijden Dirk J. , van Leeuwen Maarten A.H. , Ritt Marco J.P.F. , van de Ven Peter M. , van Royen Niels 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of hand ischemia in patients with radial artery occlusion (RAO), using the contralateral hand as control.BackgroundRadial artery occlusion is a common complication (6%) after transradial access (TRA) but rarely leads to major ischemic events due to the collateral perfusion of the hand. However, it has been reported that RAO can become symptomatic, possibly as a consequence of hand ischemia. To evaluate the existence of exercise induced hand ischemia in patients with RAO, we initiated the present study.MethodsAfter a transradial coronary procedure, patients with suspicion of RAO were asked for study participation. After informed consent, radial ultrasound was performed. In patients with confirmed RAO, rest perfusion of the digits was analyzed by laser Doppler digital imaging. Occurrence of ischemia during exercise was assessed with transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) and thumb capillary lactate. All analyses were performed in both the RAO side as well as the contralateral side as control.ResultsRAO occlusion was confirmed in 18 patients. After 5 min of exercise there were no significant differences in TcPO2 (51.4 mmHg [±17.2] vs 43.9 mmHg [±15.5], P = 0.18) or lactate (2.0 mmol/L [±0.7] vs 2.1 mmol/L [±0.7], P = 0.80) between RAO side and control side. Differences in mean TcPO2 were found to be stable during exercise and not different from baseline differences.ConclusionsChronic radial artery occlusion does not lead to exercise induced hand ischemia.
A Review of locomotor diversity in mammals with analyses exploring the influence of substrate use, body mass and intermembral index in primates
Authors: Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLocomotor diversity has meant many different things depending on the subject area or investigator. While no concrete definition of locomotor diversity is currently available, this has not stopped researchers from making a number of assertions about the underlying mechanisms that determine whether a species will have high or low locomotor diversity. Some of these claims include that: (1) arboreal primates demonstrate higher locomotor diversity than terrestrial species; (2) anatomically generalized and small‐bodied primates demonstrate higher locomotor diversity than anatomically specialized and large‐bodied taxa; and (3) primates demonstrate higher locomotor diversity compared to non‐primate mammals. None of these claims have been tested in any sort of comparative framework. Using previously published locomotor repertoire data from 110 mammalian species, this study co‐opted the Shannon–Wiener diversity index to calculate a singular measure of locomotor diversity. Phylogenetic analyses of these locomotor diversity indices reveal that within primates, small‐bodied species demonstrate greater locomotor diversity than large‐bodied taxa. However, this effect becomes non‐significant when accounting for differences in substrate‐use (i.e. arboreal vs. terrestrial). Anatomical specialization has no effect on locomotor diversity in primates. Furthermore, primates do not inherently have greater locomotor diversity than other mammalian taxa. Findings from this study suggest that movement on arboreal substrates requires all mammals, regardless of taxonomic affiliation, to demonstrate high locomotor diversity. These data further highlight the challenges faced by arboreal animals and raise the possibility that being able to switch fluidly and frequently between many different locomotor modes may be advantageous for animals moving in an arboreal milieu.
The Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mythen Gabe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn terms of the evolution of sociological theory, it is difficult to overstate the impact of Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Aside from achieving voluminous sales and mass citations, the book is one of few academic monographs that can lay claim to transforming the ways in which people understand the world and their own experiences within it. The major hypothesis of author Ulrich Beck is that a fundamental shift has occurred in capitalist economies from a focus on the material production of goods to avoidance of “bads.” Crucially, while social science thinkers had previously sought to understand the foundational dynamics of society with recourse to established categories—such as class, gender, economy, and power—Beck postulated that the key contours of the modern age were best understood through the prism of risk. Despite revolving around the concept of risk, Beck's work has not influenced the field of risk research as heavily as one might expect. In line with the ambitions of this special issue, this article contextualizes and situates the contribution made by Beck and connects his thesis to the broader evolution of risk theory over the last four decades. In documenting both catalytic effects and elisions, an appeal is made for reconsideration of the utility of the risk society perspective for future work in risk studies.
PTH assays in dialysis patients: Practical considerations
Authors: Soliman Mohanad , Hassan Waleed , Yaseen Maria , Rao Madhumathi , Sawaya B. Peter , El‐Husseini Amr 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) 1‐84 is the main biologically active hormone produced by the parathyroid cells. Circulating PTH molecules include the whole PTH 1‐84 along with amino (N) and carboxyl (C) terminal fragments. While PTH is the best available noninvasive biomarker to assess bone turnover in dialysis patients, the biological roles of individual circulating PTH fragments are still not completely known. The understanding that there is an enormous variation in the target specificity of currently available PTH assays for different circulating forms of PTH has led to the evolution of assays from first to second then third generation. With a reduction in kidney function, there is a preferential increase in circulating C fragments and non‐PTH 1‐84 forms, resulting in a decrease in the ratio of PTH 1‐84/non‐PTH 1‐84. However, there are also substantial differences in between‐assay measurements, with several fold variations in results. Targets based on multiples of the upper limit of normal (ULN) should be used rather than PTH ranges using absolute iPTH values. To date, the second‐generation PTH remains the most widely used assay. Current guidelines recommend following iPTH trends rather than absolute values. Herein, we highlight problems and challenges in PTH assays/measurements and their interpretations in dialysis patients.
Narrating Taiwan out of the Chinese Empire: Rewriting Taiwan's History from a Taiwanese Perspective in the 1970s
Authors: Hsiau A‐chin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe political control, cultural ideology, and exilic mentality that prevailed in postwar Taiwan under the authoritarian Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) was informed by a historical narrative based on a ‘Great China’ outlook embodied in the official historiography of Chinese imperial dynasties. In the 1970s, anti‐KMT young intellectuals of local Taiwanese background began to challenge this narrative by revisiting the history of Taiwanese anti‐colonialism of the 1920s and creating an alternative understanding of Taiwan's past that was supposedly a ‘return to reality’ and a ‘return to native soil’. This article examines the alternative historical accounts narrated by dissidents of the younger generation in the period of political change, when the dissident cultural politics began to shift, moving from antagonism towards the KMT and its exilic politics to an increasingly anti‐Sinocentric ‘de‐colonial’ view which motivated the challenge of Taiwanese nationalism to KMT dominance and stimulated the evolution of democratization in the 1980s and beyond.
Correlates of physical activity parenting: The Skilled Kids study
Authors: Laukkanen Arto , Niemistö Donna , Finni Taija , Cantell Marja , Korhonen Elisa , Sääkslahti Arja 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe examined the relationship between physical activity parenting (PAP) and child, family, and environmental factors in families. The participants were 840 families with young children (n = 993; 5.40 ± 1.14 years) and parents (n = 993; 35.8 ± 5.29 years). Parents' self‐reported PAP (co‐participation, (in)direct support, and encouragement), child‐specific (sex, age, temperament, outdoor time, organized physical activity or sports, sedentary time, media time, PA enjoyment, motor skills compared to peers, PA, and sport facility use), family‐specific (respondent's sex, age, education, exercise frequency, family income, family status, number of children in the family, child's birth order and partner's PAP, and exercise frequency), and environment‐specific (residential density, access to sport and outdoor facilities, type of house, and access to electronic devices) factors were collected. Children's motor skills and anthropometrics were measured. After adjusting for the family cluster effect, child, family, and environmental factors were entered into a linear mixed‐effects model, with PAP as the response variable. The final model consisted of statistically significant factors, and parental education, which was forced into the model. Nine child‐ and family‐related factors explained 15% of parenting variance between the children and 52% between the families. Partner's PAP (B = 0.68, P < 0.001) had the strongest association, whereas the child's temperament (B = 0.08, P < 0.001) and birth order (B = −0.10, P < 0.001) had smaller but novel associations with the respondent's PAP. Partner's PAP and a range of child‐ and family‐related factors should be considered when promoting parental support for child PA.
Metabolic modelling and simulation of the light and dark metabolism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Shene Carolina , Asenjo Juan A. , Chisti Yusuf 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA metabolic network model of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was used to characterize photoautotrophic and heterotrophic (i.e. growth on stored compounds) growth under light and dark, respectively. The metabolic network comprised 2514 reactions distributed among nine intracellular compartments and the extracellular space. The metabolic network included all the key biochemical pathways for synthesis and metabolism of starch and triacylglycerols (TAGs). Under light and nitrogen limitation, the model simulated the accumulation of the energy‐rich compounds (TAGs and starch) in the cell. In the dark, the model could simulate cell growth and maintenance on stored compounds. The model‐predicted consumption rates of storage compounds (starch or TAGs) to enable growth in the dark, were found to be greater than the rates of synthesis under light. This implied utilization of the storage compounds for cell maintenance in the dark. Under constant illumination, the simulations of cell growth and intracellular starch content agreed closely with independent experimental data. In other simulations, compared with the case without photorespiration, light uptake rate increased 1.04‐fold when the ratio of the rates of oxygenation and carboxylation (Rubisco) was 0.1. Although extensive experimental work exists on culture and physiology of microalgae, it does not allow quantitative predictions of the influence of dark metabolism on the productivity of metabolites to be made. This limitation is overcome using the present model. A metabolic network model of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is shown to simulate growth and synthesis of energy‐rich compounds (triacylglycerols and starch) under light. The same model also simulates dark growth and maintenance through consumption of the stored energy‐rich compounds.
A systematic review of criteria used to define recovery from sport-related concussion in youth athletes
Authors: Haider Mohammad Nadir , Leddy John J , Pavlesen Sonja , Kluczynski Melissa , Baker John G , Miecznikowski Jeffrey C , Willer Barry S 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe Concussion in Sport Group guidelines recommend a multifaceted approach to help clinicians make return to sport decisions. The purpose of this study was to identify the most common multifaceted measures used to define clinical recovery from sport-related concussion in young athletes (high school and/or college level) and to summarise existing knowledge of criteria used to make return to sport decisions.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe PubMed (MEDLINE), SPORTDiscus and Embase electronic databases were searched from 1 January 2000 to 1 March 2017 by three independent reviewers.Eligibility criteriaInclusion criteria: elementary, high school and college age groups, and a specific definition of clinical recovery that required two or more measures. Exclusion criteria: review articles, articles using the same sample population, case studies, non-English language and those that used one measure only or did not specify the recovery measures used.Study qualityStudy quality was assessed using the Downs and Black Criteria.ResultsOf 2023 publications, 43 met inclusion criteria. Included articles reported the following measures of recovery: somatic symptom resolution or return to baseline (100%), cognitive recovery or return to baseline (86%), no exacerbation of symptoms on physical exertion (49%), normalisation of balance (30%), normal special physical examination (12%), successful return to school (5%), no exacerbation of symptoms with cognitive exertion (2%) and normalisation of cerebral blood flow (2%). Follow-up to validate the return to sport decision was reported in eight (19%) articles. Most studies were case–control or cohort (level of evidence 4) and had significant risk of bias.ConclusionAll studies of sport-related concussion use symptom reports to define recovery. A minority of studies used multiple measures of outcome or had clearly defined recovery criteria, the most common being a combination of a self-reported symptom checklist and a computerised neurocognitive test. Future studies ideally should define recovery a priori using objective physiological measures in addition to symptom reports.
Depression and survival outcomes after emergency department cancer pain visits
Authors: Reyes Cielito C , Anderson Karen O , Gonzalez Carmen E , Ochs Haley Candra , Wattana Monica , Acharya Gyanendra , Todd Knox H 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesPain and depression frequently co-occur in patients with cancer. Although pain is a common reason for emergency department (ED) presentation by these patients, depression frequently goes unrecognised during an ED visit. In this study, we assessed the risk for depression in patients with cancer presenting to the ED for uncontrolled pain and assessed the extent to which the risk for depression was associated with survival in this population.MethodsParticipants were consecutive patients with cancer taking Schedule II opioids (n=209) who presented to the ED of a tertiary cancer centre for uncontrolled pain. Risk for depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), excluding the somatic symptoms. Survival was calculated from date of ED visit to date of death/last follow-up.ResultsThe CES-D was completed by 197 of 209 participants (94.3%); of these, 81 of 197 (41.1%) had high risk for depression (CES-D ≥10). The mean survival time for the entire sample was 318 days (SD=33), with 84 deaths. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling showed that risk for depression and disease stage (CES-D ≥10: HR=1.75, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.78, p=0.016; disease stage: HR=2.52, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.30, p<0.001) were significant factors for survival.ConclusionsRisk for depression was prevalent and associated with survival outcomes in patients with cancer presenting to the ED with uncontrolled pain. Screening for risk for depression in the ED may identify patients who need referral for clinical assessment of depression. Diagnosis and adequate treatment could improve health outcomes and survival rates for these patients.