bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the peridynamic differential operator to the solution of sloshing problems in tanks
Authors: Bazazzadeh Soheil , Shojaei Arman , Zaccariotto Mirco , Galvanetto Ugo 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply the Peridynamic differential operator (PDDO) to incompressible inviscid fluid flow with moving boundaries. Based on the potential flow theory, a Lagrangian formulation is used to cope with non-linear free-surface waves of sloshing water in 2D and 3D rectangular and square tanks.Design/methodology/approachIn fact, PDDO recasts the local differentiation operator through a nonlocal integration scheme. This makes the method capable of determining the derivatives of a field variable, more precisely than direct differentiation, when jump discontinuities or gradient singularities come into the picture. The issue of gradient singularity can be found in tanks containing vertical/horizontal baffles.FindingsThe application of PDDO helps to obtain the velocity field with a high accuracy at each time step that leads to a suitable geometry updating for the procedure. Domain/boundary nodes are updated by using a second-order finite difference time algorithm. The method is applied to the solution of different examples including tanks with baffles. The accuracy of the method is scrutinized by comparing the numerical results with analytical, numerical and experimental results available in the literature.Originality/valueBased on the investigations, PDDO can be considered a reliable and suitable approach to cope with sloshing problems in tanks. The paper paves the way to apply the method for a wider range of problems such as compressible fluid flow.
Building a culture of business analytics: a marketing analytics exercise
Authors: Haywood M. Elizabeth , Mishra Anubha 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe how brief exercises in introductory and advanced marketing courses can help business students achieve a broader understanding of what Big data and data analytics mean in the workplace. These short analytics problems fit into the culture that we are building at our institution to create analytics cases for courses within our business curriculum.

Design/methodology/approach
A database of 1,500 customer reviews for a fictitious sporting company was created. Two exercises based on text mining and sentiment analysis were developed to be tested in introductory and advanced marketing course. Students were introduced to the basic concepts used in data analysis and the creation of R code for extracting sentiment words was demonstrated. Students then used pivot tables to identify patterns in the given data set. Students in the introductory course completed a short exercise while the students in the advanced class developed a detailed memo.

Findings
Results suggest that students in the introductory course are significantly more aware of the use of data in the industry as well as methods to deal with Big data after completing the exercise as compared to their knowledge at the beginning of the exercise. Students in the advanced course are able to identify patterns, detect shortcoming and propose strategic plans based on their analysis of the data.

Originality/value
Proposed exercises in the study are developed with an aim to help business schools develop a culture supportive of analytics. The purpose of these exercises is to make students aware of the importance of Big data and analytics early on in their curriculum and reinforce their exposure in an advanced course.
Female entrepreneurship in the Baltics: formal and informal context
Authors: Rugina Sanita 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to review female entrepreneurship in a (post) transition context, analysing its almost three-decade development in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Little research has focussed to date on female entrepreneurship in the Baltic countries. Using an institutional perspective, this paper aims to explain the unique interplay of formal and informal contexts that have shaped the development of female entrepreneurship in (post-) transition contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on an institutional reading and analysis of secondary data: statistical data, international reports and previous studies on female entrepreneurs.

Findings
There are more than 130,000 female entrepreneurs in the Baltic countries who share many common features and challenges. While the formal entrepreneurship environment is considered to be very developed in the Baltic countries, women are under-represented among the population of entrepreneurs, and there is gender-based sectoral segregation of female entrepreneurs in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This indicates a need to recognise the diversity of patterns in entrepreneurial development, reflecting different inheritances from the Soviet past and the inertial character of some informal institutions, not to mention the differences in the pace of change during the transition period following the Soviet era.

Practical implications
This research can be used for academics, professionals, researchers and policymakers working in the fields of small business and entrepreneurship. Its data can furthermore be used to develop evidence-based policy and actions that would foster the participation of women in entrepreneurship in Baltic countries.

Originality/value
So far, little research has focussed on female entrepreneurship in the Baltic countries. The paper attempts to investigate that Baltic countries with their history of emphasis on gender equality on one hand and the award-winning business and entrepreneurship system on the other hand demonstrate relatively low levels of women’s entrepreneurship. This paper aims to contribute to the field of entrepreneurship, illustrating how entrepreneurship is linked to its social context.
The optimum size of rotating qarḍ ḥasan savings and credit associations
Authors: Sadr Seyed Kazem 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Several indigenous credit and savings schemes have been accredited recently in developing countries for the benefit of households and entrepreneurs alike. Famous among them are the Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs) that exist in almost all continents currently. The rapid development of ROSCAs and their varied structures in many countries have been the subject of numerous studies. What has not been thoroughly analysed is the optimum size of these associations and the fact that lending and borrowing is without interest. The aim of this paper is to present a model that would determine the optimum size of ROSCAs and deal with the following issues: how the group size varies with changes in the income level of the members, the demand for the loan, the size of the collected loan and its duration. Further, the question of whether or not lending to the association in return for obtaining larger sums is a violation of the qarḍ (loan) contract is dealt with, and several Sharīʿah compatible formulations are provided.

Design/methodology/approach
Economic analysis has been applied to show the optimum size of Qarḍ Ḥasan Associations (QHAs), which are the Sharīʿah-compliant equivalent of ROSCAs, and the Sharīʿah rules of the qarḍ contract to illustrate the legitimacy of group lending.

Findings
The major findings of this study are determination of the optimum size of QHAs, the factors that affect the size and suggestion of alternative legal forms for group financing.

Research limitations/implications
Inaccessibility to sources of data to test the hypothesis that has been put forth is the main difficulty encountered when conducting research on the subject.

Practical implications
The paper concludes that the development of informal interest-free ROSCAs in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries is an efficient informal microfinance scheme and that it is compatible with Sharīʿah rules.

Originality/value
The optimum size of ROSCAs and QHAs has been presented in this paper.
Purging of impure income: a comparative study of the existing purging methodologies
Authors: Shaik Mohammed Wasiullah , Barkatulla Mufti Abdul Kader , Khatkhatay Mohammed Husain , Abbas Zaffar 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the concept of purging and present a comparative study of the existing purging methodologies prevailing in the market with a view to evolving a more effective method of capturing the entire impure income to be purged.

Design/methodology/approach
To illustrate the present discussion, a case study of purging based on numerical examples has been included. The argument has also been supported with empirical data related to the universe of Sharīʿah-compliant stocks listed on Indian stock exchanges.

Findings
During the study, it was found that the existing purging methodologies of calculating impure income to be purged have conceptual and practical shortcomings.

Research implications/limitations
The scope of the current research is limited to calculation of impure income which accrues on account of Sharīʿah non-compliant investments directly or indirectly. It does not try to quantify the benefit which may be imputed in the form of capital gains made in trading of the investee company shares due to higher market value of the shares as a result of the impure income earned by the investee company. The paper has focused on identifying and calculating the impure income on account of interest. Impure income earned from specific Sharīʿah non-compliant products or services has not been considered directly. The reason for this is that companies dealing in such products or services are generally excluded at the business screening stage itself. In the case of those companies which derive a relatively small proportion of their total income from such activities and pass the business screening stage, the quantum of the impure income is not generally reported separately in company accounts.

Practical implications/limitation
The result of adopting the proposed methodology will lead to complete purging of impure income (to the extent that is possible under present Company Law and stock exchange reporting regulations). Implementation of the proposed method requires a proper understanding of the working of listed companies and either a sound mathematical background or access to a software application to calculate the impure income to be purged.

Originality/value
The current paper is original and based on the authors’ personal understanding and experience of providing Sharīʿah consultancy services related to Sharīʿah-compliant investments.
Towards the establishment of cash waqf microfinance fund for refugees
Authors: Kachkar Omar Ahmad 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to propose cash waqf (endowment) to develop a conceptual model that can be utilised to extend microfinance for refugees.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative method is used in this research. An extensive review of the literature has been conducted. Latest literature on refugees, microfinance has been critically examined beside the current cash waqf models.

Findings
Empirical studies have shown that many refugees are equipped with marketable skills and talents that can be utilised to improve their socio-economic situations. The proposed model – cash waqf refugee microfinance fund (CWRMF) – is structured to extend microfinance to potential refugee micro entrepreneurs. To address the lack of collateral, which is a requirement to gain any microfinance, CWRMF has been incorporated with a takaful unit (cooperation) by which refugees may guarantee each other. Additionally, the model has also been structured to address the challenge of sustainability of the institution that would provide microfinance. Hence, a reserve fund has also been integrated into the model.

Practical implications
CWRMF represents a potential model to be implemented by humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and aid agencies to support livelihood of refugees in particular for Muslim refugees. Positive outcome is expected from the implementation of this model. This is because of the various advantages of microfinance programs not only on refugees but also on concerned NGOs, host populations and donor parties. Additionally, this paper is a set of primarily thoughts aims to open the door wider for more researchers to explore the potential of cash waqf as one of the instruments to finance refugee microenterprises and business activities.

Originality/value
Recently cash waqf has been into several models for socio-economic development and poverty alleviation. This paper is proposing cash waqf as a source for a microfinance fund that can contribute in the improvement of socio-economic situations of millions of refugees around the world.
Marketing on Instagram
Authors: Teo Li Xin , Leng Ho Keat , Phua Yi Xian Philip 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Social network sites are becoming more visual-centric. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of visual social network sites as a marketing platform.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper comprises two experiments. The first experiment sought to examine the effect of social influence; while the second experiment examined the effect of image quality on the perception of quality and purchase intention.

Findings
The first experiment showed that social influence did not affect perceived quality or purchase intention. In the second experiment, a one-way between-groups multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) adjusting for sport involvement showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Respondents in the experimental group reported higher levels of perceived quality (adjusted M=3.68) and purchase intention (adjusted M=3.23) when compared to the control group’s perceived quality (adjusted M=3.12) and purchase intention (adjusted M=2.17).

Research limitations/implications
One of the limitations of this study is that it only examined the effects through a single social network site, i.e. Instagram. As there are other visual-centric social network sites, such as Tumblr and Pinterest, which operate slightly different from Instagram, it remains to be established how such effects vary across these social network sites.

Practical implications
The results suggest that social influence on Instagram is limited and marketers should invest in images of high quality when marketing on visual social network sites.

Originality/value
While there are many studies examining the effectiveness of marketing on social network sites, these studies have primarily focussed on earlier social network sites, such as Facebook. Newer social network sites that are more visual-centric, such as Instagram, are different from earlier social network sites and studied to a lesser extent. This study adds insights on the marketing effectiveness of visual-centric social network sites and deepens the understanding on marketing in general on social media.
Message in a bottle: How evidence‐based medicine and a programme change model improved asthma management in a low‐income emergency department in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Heath Rebecca , Tomaszewski Paul , Kuri Michael , Atua Vincent , Phillips Georgina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo improve asthma care in a complex, low resource, developing country setting. This observational study was carried out in a challenging low‐income real‐life setting in the ED at Modilon Hospital, Papua New Guinea. The only government hospital in Madang Province, with 258 beds, it provides medical care to a population of nearly 700 000 people of whom 40% live on less than US$1.25/day.MethodsAn asthma management analysis questionnaire followed by action research, with a four‐step programme change model (exposure, adoption, implementation and practice), were used to develop and implement new department asthma guidelines. Staff perceptions were gathered via discussion groups and questionnaire.ResultsAsthma management initially involved frequent antibiotics, intravenous steroids, multiple short acting bronchodilators (oral, inhaled and nebulised) and limited oral steroids. No spacers, preventative inhaled steroid therapy or asthma action plans were used. On review after new guideline implementation staff felt antibiotic dispensing and concurrent use of multiple short acting oral bronchodilators decreased and spacer, preventer therapy and action plan use increased.ConclusionThis project highlights the difficulties experienced with change management, both in general and in a limited resource setting. Lack of data limits conclusions about asthma management improvement. However, positive trends were apparent and make this approach reasonable for those considering change management strategies in a similar setting.
Efficacy of Long‐Term Treatment With Tolvaptan to Prolong the Time Until Dialysis Initiation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Heart Failure
Authors: Tanaka Akihito , Hiramatsu Emiko , Watanabe Yu , Ito Chiharu , Shinjo Hibiki , Otsuka Yasuhiro , Takeda Asami 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe short‐term effectiveness of tolvaptan (TLV) against heart failure has been established. TLV is known to decrease the worsening of renal function more than loop diuretics. Long‐term TLV administration decreases the rate of re‐hospitalization in heart failure and prevents deterioration of kidney function. If repeated hospitalization for heart failure can be prevented in patients having concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD), the period until dialysis initiation may be prolonged. We investigated whether long‐term TLV management can extend the period until dialysis initiation in patients with CKD and heart failure. A retrospective, observational study was conducted among patients with CKD stage G4 and G5 admitted because of heart failure between April 2013 and July 2018. They were divided into those with TLV and those without TLV. They were followed up until August 2018 and relevant data was collected. Data from 115 patients (68 men and 47 women), with a mean age of 73.4 ± 11.9 (median 76.0 and IQR 66.5–82.0) years and a mean eGFR of 11.8 ± 5.7 (median 9.9 and IQR 7.5–14.8) mL/min/1.73m2 were included in the analysis. Twenty‐five patients had received long‐term TLV treatment, and 90 had not. Multivariate analysis after adjustment showed that long‐term use of TLV significantly lowered the hazard ratio (HR) for time taken to reach dialysis initiation (HR: 0.3286, 95%CI: 0.1282–0.8423, P = 0.0205). Propensity score‐matched analysis showed similar results (HR: 0.3220, 95%CI: 0.1107–0.9369, P = 0.0376). In patients with CKD G4 and G5 and heart failure, long‐term treatment with TLV can prolong the time until dialysis initiation.
CICERO AS OVERLIVER
Authors: KEITEL ELIZABETH 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Aside from his actual exile, Cicero describes himself as an exile and overliver in two other stressful periods: during the civil war of 49 and during life at Rome under Caesar's autocracy. Scholars have long noted the exile imagery in Cicero's letters of 46–45, but not in those of 49. Also unnoticed is the image of the overliver, well known from epic and tragedy, who, shamed by a single event, feels he has lived too long yet cannot escape life. In the first two periods, Cicero also deftly employs the themes and figures of lamentation to underline his distress and his liminal state as an overliver and to rebut Atticus' criticism of his self-pity. This self-presentation, sustained over three lengthy and traumatic episodes of Cicero's life, contrasts with his occasional assumption of literary exempla for his own behaviour.
PLINY'S TACITUS: THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION
Authors: EDWARDS REBECCA 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
As Eleanor Winsor Leach and others have demonstrated, in the corpus of the Letters Pliny represents different aspects of his ideal self through the way he characterizes his relationships with his correspondents. This paper examines more closely the letters to and about Tacitus, disregarding intertextual references between the works of Tacitus and Pliny (a well-mined field), and shifting the focus to the friendly competition Pliny creates with Tacitus. In particular, Pliny arranges the ‘Tacitus cycle’ into three sections which highlight their roles as orators, patrons, and literary figures. In each of these, Pliny shows that he and his friend are similar in their goals, but unique in their styles and methods. Thus, Pliny creates a world where he is both inferior and superior to his former mentor, as in Laelius' paradox — ‘maximum est in amicitia parem esse inferiori’ (Cic. Amic. 19.69).
THE ANCIENT EPISTOLARY COLLECTION REDUX: ‘SOCRATES’ AND CICERO IN PETRARCH'S FAM. 1.1
Authors: VASALY ANN 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
The introductory letter of Petrarch's collection of prose epistles (Epistolae Familiares) includes a number of traditional programmatic elements, including a dedication to his close friend Ludwig Van Kempen, a narrative describing the collection's genesis, and a defence of its style and contents, rooted in the example of Cicero's letters to Atticus, Quintus, and Brutus, which Petrarch had discovered some five years earlier. In other ways, Fam. 1.1 is an absolutely unprecedented introduction to an epistolary collection — ultimately staging within the letter a kind of ‘conversion narrative’ that transforms the yet-uncompleted collection into an instantiation of the spiritual journey of its author.
Examining the relationship between farm size and productive efficiency: a Bayesian directional distance function approach
Authors: Khataza Robertson R.B. , Hailu Atakelty , Doole Graeme J. , Kragt Marit E. , Alene Arega D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAchieving sustainable food security and increased farm income will depend on how efficient production systems are in converting available inputs to produce outputs. Using data from Malawi, we estimate a Bayesian directional technology distance function to examine the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency. Our results support the existence of an inverse relationship between farm size and productive efficiency, where small farms are more efficient than large farms. On average, farms exhibit inefficiency levels of 60%, suggesting that productivity could be improved substantially. Improving productive efficiency and food security will require farms to operate in ways where the size of cultivated area is matched by nonland production inputs such as labor, fertilizer, and improved seeds. The results highlight the need for policies that could incentivize farmers to adopt productivity‐enhancing technologies and, where possible, to allocate excess land to lease markets.