bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurorehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: evaluating the efficacy of the Bobath Concept on motor and balance outcomes
Authors: Tedeschi Roberto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, that presents unique challenges for rehabilitation. The Bobath Concept, an individualized physiotherapy approach, has been explored for its potential benefits in addressing these challenges.

Main body of the abstract
Five distinct MS studies were reviewed. These encompassed a range of interventions based on the Bobath Concept, targeting various symptoms and functional domains in MS. Subjects varied from individual cases to larger cohort studies, with differing eligibility criteria, treatment periods, and assessment tools. Additionally, some studies incorporated innovative techniques, such as tear biomarker evaluation, to assess therapy outcomes.
In smaller samples, MS patients exhibited improvements in postural stability, balance, and mobility after undergoing Bobath-based physiotherapy. Larger cohorts showcased enhancements in balance, cognitive functions, and reductions in depression scores post-treatment. Moreover, the reflex locomotion and Bobath Concept potentially led to symptom improvements correlating with tear biomarkers indicating disease progression. However, results varied across studies, with some showing no significant difference between Bobath and traditional rehab methods.

Short conclusion
The Bobath Concept emerges as a promising avenue for MS rehabilitation, emphasizing individualized treatment and active patient participation. Nevertheless, while potential benefits are evident, further extensive research is required to establish its long-term efficacy and its place in comprehensive MS care.
Cognitive, adaptive and daily life functioning in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Vingerhoets Claudia , Ruiz-Fernandez Julia , von Scheibler Emma , Vergaelen Elfi , Volbragt Nele , Soons Nele , Serrarens Chaira , Vogels Annick , Boot Erik , van Amelsvoort Therese , Swillen Ann 
Published: November 2024

Background
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with cognitive impairments and an increased risk of psychopathology. Most of the research has been conducted in children and adolescents, although the majority of affected individuals live well into adulthood. Hence, limited data are available on functional outcomes in adults.

Aims
To provide more insight in cognitive and adaptive abilities, and daily life functioning (marital status, living situation and work situation) in adults with 22q11.2DS.

Method
This retrospective study included 250 Dutch-speaking adults (16–69 years) with 22q11.2DS from three sites in The Netherlands and Belgium. Data on full-scale IQ (FSIQ) scores (assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), adaptive functioning (assessed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II), and functional outcomes including marital status, living and work situation were systematically collected from clinical files. In addition, we examined predictors of adaptive functioning.

Results
The majority of individuals in our adult sample demonstrated a low level of adaptive functioning (65%). In contrast to previous findings in children and adolescents, the majority functioned at an intellectual disability level (56%). Male sex, lower FSIQ and autism spectrum disorder were predictors of lower adaptive functioning (P = 0.016, P < 0.001 and P = 0.16, respectively).

Conclusions
These results suggest that low levels of cognitive and adaptive functioning are common in adults with 22q11.2DS. Future longitudinal and multicentre studies including older patients (>40 years) are needed to further investigate cognitive and adaptive trajectories and their interactions with physical and psychiatric comorbidities.
Depression in childhood to early adulthood and respiratory health in early adulthood
Authors: Wang Gang , Hallberg Jenny , Hernandez-Pacheco Natalia , Ekström Sandra , Vercalsteren Ellen , Brew Bronwyn K. , Almqvist Catarina , Janson Christer , Kull Inger , Bergström Anna , Melén Erik , Lu Donghao 
Published: November 2024

Background
Both depression and respiratory disease are common today in young populations. However, little is known about the relationship between them.

Aims
This study aims to explore the association between depression in childhood to early adulthood and respiratory health outcomes in early adulthood, and the potential underlying mechanisms.

Method
A prospective study was conducted based on the Swedish BAMSE (Barn, Allergi, Miljö, Stockholm, Epidemiologi [Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology]) birth cohort (n = 4089). We identified clinically diagnosed depression through the dispensation of antidepressants, using national register data confirmed by self-reported diagnosis. At the 24-year follow-up, respiratory health was assessed via questionnaires and clinical evaluation. Metabolic and inflammatory profiles were analysed to explore potential mechanisms.

Results
Among the 2994 participants who provided study data, 403 (13.5%) had depression at any time point from around age 10 to 25 years. Depression was associated with higher risks of any chronic bronchitis symptoms (odds ratio = 1.58, 95% CI 1.21–2.06) and respiratory symptoms (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% CI 1.11–1.80) in early adulthood, independent of body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. Compared to individuals without depression, those with depression had a higher fat mass index (FMI (β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.22–0.74)) and increased blood levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and Interleukin-6 in early adulthood. These markers together with FMI were found to partly mediate the association between depression and respiratory symptoms (total mediation proportion: 19.8 and 15.4%, respectively, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Depression in childhood to early adulthood was associated with an increased risk of respiratory ill-health in early adulthood, independently of smoking. Metabolic and inflammatory dysregulations may underlie this link.
Emergency hospital admissions for stress-related presentations among secondary school-aged minoritised young people in England
Authors: Ní Chobhthaigh Sorcha , Jay Matthew A. , Blackburn Ruth 
Published: November 2024

Background
Minoritised young people face a double burden of discrimination through increased risk of stress and differential treatment access. However, acute care pathways for minoritised young people with urgent mental health needs are poorly understood.

Aims
To explore variation in stress-related presentations (SRPs) to acute hospitals across racial-ethnic groups in England.

Method
We examined rates, distribution, duration and types of SRPs across racial-ethnic groups in a retrospective cohort of 11- to 15-year-olds with one or more emergency hospital admissions between April 2014 and March 2020. SRPs were defined as emergency admissions for potentially psychosomatic symptoms, self-harm and internalising, externalising and thought disorders.

Results
White British (8–38 per 1000 births) and Mixed White–Black (9–42 per 1000 births) young people had highest rates of SRPs, whereas Black African (5–14 per 1000 births), Indian (6–19 per 1000 births) and White other (4–19 per 1000 births) young people had the lowest rates of SRPs. The proportion of readmissions were highest for Pakistani (47.7%), White British (41.4%) and Mixed White–Black (41.3%) groups. Black Other (36.4%) and White Other (35.8%) groups had the lowest proportions of readmissions. The proportion of admission durations ≥3 days was higher for Black Other (16.6%), Bangladeshi (16.3%), Asian Other (15.9%) and Black Caribbean (15.8%) groups than their White British (11.9%) and Indian (11.8%) peers. The type of SRPs varied across racial-ethnic groups.

Conclusions
Patterns of SRP admissions systematically differed across racial-ethnic groups, indicative of inequitable triage, assessment and treatment processes. These findings highlight the need for implementation of race equality frameworks to address structural racism in healthcare pathways.
Light Walking Patterns and Postprandial Cardiometabolic Responses in Young Obese Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Wongpipit Waris , Dempsey Paddy C , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Poon Eric Tsz-Chun , Darumas Nattapak , Miyashita Masashi , Kulaputana Onanong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Recent studies suggest that light-intensity physical activity may enhance cardiometabolic health and reduce mortality risk in adults. However, more information is required to understand the patterns of light-intensity physical activity and postprandial cardiometabolic health.

Objective
This study examined the effects of different light-intensity walking patterns on postprandial cardiometabolic responses in young obese adults.

Design
A randomized crossover trial was conducted.

Setting
The study was conducted in the laboratory.

Participants
The study analyzed baseline (fasting) and 6-hour postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and blood pressure (BP) in 16 young obese adults.

Interventions
Participants underwent 4 7-hour experimental conditions with a 7- to 20-day washout period: uninterrupted sitting (SIT), 30-minute light-intensity walking (EX + SIT), 3-minute light-intensity walking every 30 minutes (BR), and 30-minute light-intensity walking with 3-minute light-intensity walking every 30 minutes (EX + BR).

Main Outcome Measures
Incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) for each outcome and average BP were compared between SIT and walking conditions.

Results
Compared with SIT, all walking conditions reduced iAUCs for glucose and average diastolic BP (all P &lt; .05). Only EX + SIT and EX + BR reduced iAUCs for insulin (P &lt; .05). No significant differences were found for triglycerides iAUC and systolic BP between the 4 conditions (all P &gt; .05).

Conclusion
All patterns of light-intensity walking reduced postprandial glucose concentrations and diastolic BP in young obese adults, suggesting benefits for glycemic control. Continuous 30-minute light-intensity walking alone or combined with brief 3-minute bouts also attenuated postprandial insulin concentrations, highlighting light-intensity walking as a promising strategy for improving cardiometabolic health in young obese adults.

Clinical Trial Registration
TCTR20220311001, Thaiclinicaltrials.org
Predictive Value of Neurosurgery Applicant Metrics on Resident Academic Productivity
Authors: Banko Lauren , Riesenburger Nathan , Patel Ruchit V. , Gilligan Courtney , Cosgrove G. Rees , Chiocca E. Antonio , Proctor Mark R. , Patel Akash J. , Bi Wenya Linda 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Scholarship has been critical to neurosurgery. As grades and board examinations become pass-fail, finding metrics to distinguish applicants coupled with an emphasis on research has led to growth of reported academic output among neurosurgery applicants. We aimed to evaluate applicant factors that associate with an academically productive neurosurgery resident.

METHODS:
Applicant characteristics were extracted from Electronic Residency Application Service archives from 2 geographically distinct neurosurgical programs for the 2014 to 2015 match cycle. Publications during residency were quantified, and residency careers were examined. Factors associated with residency publications were examined using univariate and multivariate regressions.

RESULTS:
A total of 228 United States (US) applicants to neurosurgery were assessed (89% of US neurosurgery applicants), with 173 matching across 93 programs. The average publication number of matched applicants was higher at 6.6 (median: 4, range: 0-43) that of than unmatched applicants (mean: 2.9, median: 1, range: 0-51). A total of 93.1% of publications were substantiated on PubMed review. Matched candidates published 19.3 manuscripts (median: 13, range: 0-120) on average during residency. On univariate analysis, factors associated with higher residency publications included taking a non–degree-granting extra year for research in medical school, consistently high clerkship grades, depth of preresidency research involvement, number of coresidents, program R25 status, and academic output of neurosurgery department leadership. After multivariate correction, the training environment played an outsized role in predicting resident academic output, with program R25 status significantly associated with resident academic output (odds ratio: 1.25, P = .012). Taking an extra research year in medical school approached but was not significant (odds ratio: 1.19, P = .099). Twelve matched international medical school graduates (IMGs) were also assessed (75% of matched IMG neurosurgery applicants). IMGs exhibited higher total publications and conference abstracts than US matched applicants and also published more during residency.

CONCLUSION:
Cultivating an environment that promotes research endeavors is critical for neurosurgical resident academic growth. Preresidency publication number does not predict publication potential during residency.
Identification of a postnatal period of interdependent neurogenesis and apoptosis in peripheral neurons
Authors: Kaminski Catherine L. , Banik Debarghya Dutta , Schmitd Ligia B. , Pierchala Brian A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
During neurogenesis, excessive numbers of neurons are produced in most regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Nonessential neurons are eliminated by apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This has been most thoroughly characterized in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) where targets of innervation play a key role in this process. As maturing neurons project axons towards their targets of innervation, they become dependent upon these targets for survival. Survival factors, also called neurotrophic factors, are produced by targets, inhibit apoptosis cascades, and promote further growth and differentiation. Because neurotrophic factors are limited, as is target size, neurons that do not correctly and efficiently innervate targets undergo apoptosis ( Levi-Montalcini, 1987; Davies, 1996). Thus, excessive neurogenesis acts to ensure that sufficient numbers of neurons are produced during development. In the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), this process of neurogenesis and subsequent apoptosis is reported to be complete by postnatal day 3-4 (P3-P4) in mice. Surprisingly, we observed significant numbers of apoptotic neurons out to P14, and neurogenesis was still present at P14 as well. In both the SCG and geniculate ganglion (GG), postnatal neurogenesis was dependent on apoptosis because little or no postnatal neurogenesis was observed in Bax-/- mice, in which apoptosis is eliminated. These results indicate that both neurogenesis and apoptosis continue to occur well after birth in peripheral ganglia, and that neurogenesis depends on apoptosis, suggesting that neurogenesis continues postnatally to replace neurons that are eliminated during synaptic refinement.
Rheumatoid arthritis: a rare cause of pachymeningitis and optic neuritis
Authors: Gondal Muhammad Umer Riaz , Graves Josette , Khan Haider , Baig Mohammad , Khan Toqeer , Khalid Fatima , Pagolu Pavani 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Rheumatoid pachymeningitis and optic neuritis are rare complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are a diagnosis of exclusion. Case description: A 75-year-old male with a history of seronegative RA presented to the emergency department with left eye pain and blurry vision lasting two days. He had been diagnosed with seronegative RA around nine months previously. His blood pressure was elevated at 204/75 mmHg upon arrival. Physical examination revealed left conjunctival injection, mild ptosis, painful extraocular movements and tenderness over the orbit and sinuses. Initial treatments included painkillers and intravenous labetalol, which alleviated his symptoms and decreased his blood pressure. Laboratory tests showed a C-reactive protein of 2.5 mg/dl and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 32 mm/h, with other blood work unremarkable. A computed tomography (CT) angiogram of the head and neck showed no high-grade stenosis. Given his RA history, initial concerns included scleritis. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbit revealed inflammation around the left optic nerve, and pachymeningitis at the left cerebral convexity and interhemispheric fissure, suggesting hypertrophic pachymeningitis. An ophthalmologic examination was unremarkable. Treatment was adjusted to include pulse doses of intravenous methylprednisolone for optic neuritis, resulting in significant pain relief. Though inadequate for complete testing, a lumbar puncture indicated an inflammatory disorder with elevated glucose (199 mg/dl), protein (109 mg/dl), and unremarkable WBC/RBC and Gram staining. Cytology and culture were unremarkable. The most likely diagnosis at this point was rheumatological meningitis and rheumatological optic neuritis. The patient improved markedly with high-dose steroids over four days and was discharged on prednisone. Conclusion: In cases of optic neuritis and pachymeningitis, RA should remain on the differential in patients with or without a prior diagnosis.
Design and FDTD simulation of a remote-controllable visible-light plasmonic waveguide and refractive-index-sensitive switch
Authors: Yang Peng , Jiao Jiasheng , Chen Yu , Ouyang Fangping 
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a plasmonic switch based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure is proposed, whose transmission characteristics can be remotely controlled by a rake switch design. The distance from the remote control unit to the bus waveguide is more than 1 um and still maintains a very high efficiency. The refractive-index-dependent transmission spectrum of this filter was simulated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The results show that the on/off switching of wave propagation in the bus waveguide can be achieved by changing the refractive index of the control unit 1 µm away from the bus waveguide. A change in refractive index of only 0.2 is required to simultaneously control the switching off and on of four waves in the waveguide in the visible band, with corresponding switching ratios of 40.5, 74.3, 48.6, and 15.1, showing great potential for applications in refractive index sensors and remotely controllable band stop filters.
Precise spectroscopy of metastable Li+ using the optical Ramsey technique in support of time dilation tests
Authors: Zhou Peng-Peng , Chen Shao-Long , Qin Cheng-Gang , Chang Xu-Rui , Zhou Zhi-Qiang , Sun Wei , Huang Yao , Gao Ke-Lin , Guan Hua 
Published: November 2024

Time dilation constitutes a crucial aspect of Lorentz invariance within special relativity and undergoes constant scrutiny through numerous Ives-Stilwell-type experiments employing the Doppler effect. In our study, we employed optical Ramsey spectroscopy on a Li+ ion beam to enhance the precision of measuring the intrinsic transition frequency 23S1−23P2 to the level of four parts in 1010 with speed of 0.00035c. Our findings reconciled an existing 2 MHz disparity between collinear and perpendicular laser spectroscopy. Furthermore, in conjunction with previous studies on Li+ ion beams traveling at speeds of 0.064c and 0.338c [
Nat. Phys.
3, 861 (2007)NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/nphys778;
Phys. Rev. Lett.
113, 120405 (2014)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.113.120405], we updated the Robertson-Mansouri-Sexl parameter α^ to be (−10.0±9.9)×10−8 and (−2.9±2.0)×10−8, respectively.
Hydrogen-enhanced light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy sensing
Authors: He Ying , Wang Yuanzhi , Qiao Shunda , Duan Xiaoming , Qi Hong , Ma Yufei 
Published: November 2024

A hydrogen (H2)-enhanced light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) sensor is proposed for the first time, to our knowledge, in this paper. The enhancement with H2 significantly reduces the resonance damping of a quartz tuning fork (QTF), leading to a 2.5-fold improvement in the quality factor (Q-factor) to 30,000 without introducing additional noise into the LITES sensor system. Based on the H2-enhancement effect, a self-designed round-head QTF with a low resonance frequency (f0) of 9527 Hz and a fiber coupled multipass cell (MPC) with an optical length of 40 m were utilized to increase the energy accumulation time of QTF and the optical absorption of the target gas, respectively, to demonstrate an ultra-highly sensitive C2H2-LITES sensor. The long-term stability of the H2-enhanced C2H2-LITES sensor was investigated based on Allan deviation analysis. With an optimal integration time of 140 s, the minimum detection limit (MDL) was improved to 290 parts per trillion (ppt). Compared to other reported state-of-the-art C2H2-LITES techniques with similar parameters, this sensor shows a 241-fold improvement in the MDL. This H2-enhancement technique proves to be a highly effective method for achieving a high Q-factor QTF, characterized by its simplicity and efficiency. It offers substantial potential for applications in QTF-based gas sensing.
Wie gelingt es BIM unter Berücksichtigung ökonomischer Aspekte mit Hilfe von Softwarelösungen besser in ausführende Gewerke der Baubranche zu integrieren?
Authors: Schmallenbach Tobias , Strina Giuseppe , Köhn Philipp 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt einen neuen Ansatz zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung von Softwarelösungen zur Digitalisierung von ausführenden Gewerken der Baubranche unter Berücksichtigung von ökonomischen Aspekten vor. Jene ausführenden Gewerke der Baubranche leiden unter dem hohen Innovationsdruck, insbesondere durch die Digitalisierung, welche zunehmend auch Building Information Modeling umfasst. Jedoch bleibt, trotz internationaler Erfolge bei der Effizienzsteigerung und Kostensenkung, die Anwendungsrate von Building Information Modeling in Deutschland mit nur 10 % der Bauprojekte gering. Dies liegt vor allem an der aufwendigen Implementierung, bestehenden Medienbrüchen auf technischer Seite und der fehlenden Integrationen ins Geschäftsmodell der ausführenden Gewerke. Um genau diese Herausforderung zu adressieren, zielt dieser Beitrag darauf ab, Softwarelösungen zu entwickeln, die die Anwendung von Building Information Modeling für ausführende Gewerke der Baubranche erleichtern. Dabei wird ein integrativer Ansatz verfolgt, der das Geschäftsmodell der ausführenden Gewerke der Baubranche und das Service-Ökosystem der entwickelten Softwarelösungen berücksichtigt. Diese Methode soll sicherstellen, dass die entwickelten Softwarelösungen nachhaltig und langfristig angewendet werden können.