bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem-based learning in the Irish SME workplace
Authors: O'Brien Emma , McCarthy John , Hamburg Ileana , Delaney Yvonne 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how in Irish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), problem-based learning (PBL) could possibly provide a paradigm which addresses two key research objectives: What are the learning needs and challenges faced by Irish SMEs? and How could PBL satisfy these needs through integrating formal and informal learning?

Design/methodology/approach
An action research methodology was adopted using Lewin’s (1994) action research cycle. In the reconnaissance stage, surveys and focus groups were conducted with a purposive research sample of Irish SMEs regarding their learning needs and challenges. Based on these results, a plan was formulated to adapt the traditional PBL model into a workplace PBL model (wPBL). Lastly, the wPBL model was implemented and evaluated in 42 SMEs.

Findings
The research identified several specific learning needs for SMEs, namely, learning that is cost-effective, tailored to the company and its challenges, immediately applied, demonstrates a tangible outcome (is measurable), organically fostering a learning culture, addresses knowledge gaps, continuous, develops communication, team work, problem-solving and technical skills. The traditional PBL model was adapted into a wPBL model to meet the above learning needs of SMEs. It was found that the wPBL model had the potential to address long-standing company problems (making it cost-effective), facilitate continuous learning and develop horizontal and transversal skills such as problem-solving and communication.

Originality/value
Much of the learning that takes place in SMEs is incidental or informal, and often does not contribute to the long-term sustainability of the organisation. This paper aims to propose a practical framework using wPBL to structure incidental and informal learning in SMEs so that it provides an immediate benefit to the company. To date, there has been little research into the application of PBL outside higher education, and the paper proposes a framework to assist the transition of PBL to a workplace environment.
An integrated EFT‐contextual approach for couples therapy: suggested model and ideas for practice
Authors: Coppola Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2019

Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1988) and contextual therapy (Boszormenyi‐Nagy and Krasner, 1986) have conceptual commonalities relative to dialogue, trust, and creating new relational realities (Diamond, Siqueland and Diamond, 2003; Greenberg and Johnson, 2010; Hughes, 2007). Linking Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT) (Greenberg and Johnson, 2010) and contextual therapy has also been conceptually proposed for couples therapy (Lyness, 2003). Both EFT and contextual therapy centre trust and dialogue as primary relational resources for change (Boszormenyi‐Nagy and Krasner, 1986; Greenberg and Johnson, 2010). This article suggests integrating EFT and contextual therapy within couples therapy. A proposed integrated couples therapy model outlines EFT process steps and contextual therapy principles. Rationale for integration and suggested interventions are discussed. Case studies of two examples of this integrated couples therapy are included for illustration.Practitioner points

EFT and contextual therapy are distinct and yet converge on the constructs of trust, dialogue, reciprocal care and risk taking

An integration of EFT and contextual therapy begins with EFT enactments, then infuses the intervention of multidirected partiality

Family of origin work on entitlements may enhance attachment‐based enactments in an integrated EFT and contextual therapy approach
Navigating the Shifting Terrain of US Health Care Reform—Medicare for All, Single Payer, and the Public Option
Authors: OBERLANDER JONATHAN 
Published: September 2019

Policy Points“Medicare for All” is an increasingly common term in US health care reform debates, yet widespread confusion exists over its meaning.The various meanings of Medicare for All and other related terms reflect divergent political and philosophical assumptions about the preferred direction of health care reform, as well as the hybrid structure of the current Medicare program.
Application of Deep Learning in Food: A Review
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhang Chu , Liu Fei , Qiu Zhengjun , He Yong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeep learning has been proved to be an advanced technology for big data analysis with a large number of successful cases in image processing, speech recognition, object detection, and so on. Recently, it has also been introduced in food science and engineering. To our knowledge, this review is the first in the food domain. In this paper, we provided a brief introduction of deep learning and detailedly described the structure of some popular architectures of deep neural networks and the approaches for training a model. We surveyed dozens of articles that used deep learning as the data analysis tool to solve the problems and challenges in food domain, including food recognition, calories estimation, quality detection of fruits, vegetables, meat and aquatic products, food supply chain, and food contamination. The specific problems, the datasets, the preprocessing methods, the networks and frameworks used, the performance achieved, and the comparison with other popular solutions of each research were investigated. We also analyzed the potential of deep learning to be used as an advanced data mining tool in food sensory and consume researches. The result of our survey indicates that deep learning outperforms other methods such as manual feature extractors, conventional machine learning algorithms, and deep learning as a promising tool in food quality and safety inspection. The encouraging results in classification and regression problems achieved by deep learning will attract more research efforts to apply deep learning into the field of food in the future.
Evaluation of Tilmicosin Contamination in Eggs Following Its Administration to Laying Hens and Subsequent Assessment of Dietary Risks to Chinese Consumers
Authors: Ji Xiaofeng , Yang Hua , Wang Jianmei , Zhou Wei , Wang Xiaoli , Qian Mingrong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we analyzed the tilmicosin residues in eggs as well as the dietary risks posed by the residual drug to Chinese consumers. Tilmicosin was administrated to laying hens via drinking water in doses of 100 mg/L and 300 mg/L (dose 1 and dose 2) for 5 days. Its residues distribution within egg matrices were detected using a QuEChERS method coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The results indicated that the tilmicosin residue was the highest in the whole eggs and yolks on day 2 after medication and in the whites on day 5 of drug administration for dose 1 and dose 2 with the residues (µg/kg) being the following: 73.4 and 444.3 in the whole eggs; 152.0 and 1141.1 in the yolks; and 48.8 and 277.6 in the whites, respectively. During withdrawal phase, the tilmicosin levels declined to less than the limit of detection (LOD) after 29 days and 49 days for the whole eggs, after 24 days and 44 days for the yolks, and after 19 days and 49 days for the whites for doses 1 and 2, respectively. An assessment of the dietary risk for Chinese consumers revealed that the hazard quotients (HQ) values for tilmicosin consumption were less than 1 for dose 1 and greater than 1 for dose 2, with children (2 to 7 years) and adult males (over 65 years) being the high‐risk groups. These results suggest that the possible risk associated with tilmicosin contamination in eggs should not be ignored since the accidental or occasional misuse of tilmicosin in the case of egg‐laying hens may occur from time to time, particularly on small farms.Practical ApplicationThe modified QuEChERS method was used to analyze the tilmicosin residues in egg matrices and a subsequent dietary exposure assessment for Chinese consumers was performed, which can serve as a reference for the food safety risk posed by antibiotic misuse in egg layers.
The Incidental Pundit: Who Talks Politics with Whom, and Why?
Authors: Minozzi William , Song Hyunjin , Lazer David M. J. , Neblo Michael A. , Ognyanova Katherine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInformal discussion plays a crucial role in democracy, yet much of its value depends on diversity. We describe two models of political discussion. The purposive model holds that people typically select discussants who are knowledgeable and politically similar to them. The incidental model suggests that people talk politics for mostly idiosyncratic reasons, as by‐products of nonpolitical social processes. To adjudicate between these accounts, we draw on a unique, multisite, panel data set of whole networks, with information about many social relationships, attitudes, and demographics. This evidence permits a stronger foundation for inferences than more common egocentric methods. We find that incidental processes shape discussion networks much more powerfully than purposive ones. Respondents tended to report discussants with whom they share other relationships and characteristics, rather than based on expertise or political similarity, suggesting that stimulating discussion outside of echo chambers may be easier than previously thought.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate reduces hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation and death in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Liu Ken , Choi Jonggi , Le An , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Chan Stephen Lam , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Nguyen Mindie H. , Lim Young‐Suk , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundLamivudine and entecavir reduce hepatic events and death in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with cirrhosis, but the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is less well studied.AimTo investigate the effectiveness of TDF therapy in CHB patients with cirrhosis.MethodsWe studied TDF‐treated and untreated CHB patients with cirrhosis from three tertiary centres. TDF cohort included consecutive patients who received TDF for ≥12 months while the untreated cohort were historical controls receiving routine clinical care prior to the availability of anti‐viral therapy. The primary outcome was 5‐year cumulative probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with secondary outcomes being hepatic decompensation and death or liver transplantation (LT).ResultsA total of 1088 (291 untreated and 797 TDF‐treated) patients were included in the study. Five‐year cumulative probabilities in untreated vs TDF‐treated cohorts were 14.9% vs 9.8% for HCC (P = .07), 22.3% vs 5.9% for decompensation (P < .01) and 13.1% vs 1.1% for death or LT (P < .01) respectively. On multivariable Cox regression, TDF treatment was independently associated with reduced risks of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.46, P < .01), decompensating events (aHR 0.28, P = .01) and death or LT (aHR 0.06, P < .01). On sensitivity analyses, these risk reductions with TDF treatment were consistently demonstrated regardless of severity of liver disease and prior anti‐viral treatment. TDF treatment led to sustained improvements in most validated prognostic scores for predicting HCC, decompensation and death.ConclusionsCompared to untreated patients, TDF treatment reduces the risks of HCC, hepatic decompensation and death in CHB patients with cirrhosis at 5 years.
Prevalence, characteristics, and satisfaction of women with a birth plan in The Netherlands
Authors: Jolles Myrthe W. , de Vries Marieke , Hollander Martine H. , van Dillen Jeroen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of birth plans to facilitate shared decision making in childbirth is widely recommended by international agencies and by the Dutch Integrated Birth Care protocol (2016). This study evaluated the use of birth plans in The Netherlands.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted during 2017 in a Dutch academic hospital. Women who gave birth after 33 weeks of gestational age were included (N = 1159). Medical records were searched for a birth plan, either a note or attached file. Socio‐demographic, relevant medical and obstetrical characteristics fulfilling criteria for secondary care, and postpartum satisfaction were collected and related to birth plans. Postpartum satisfaction was scored on a scale from 0 to 10. The “net promoter score” (NPS), a quality of care indicator, was also computed. For analysis, independent t test, chi‐square test, ANOVA, and two‐way between ANOVA were used.ResultsA birth plan was noted in the medical records of 34.7% of women. Women with a birth plan were on average older, primiparous, of Dutch ethnicity, and more likely to have a complicated medical history, psychological condition, or fertility treatment. The mean postpartum satisfaction score was 8.28 and the NPS for customer satisfaction was 36.1, falling in the good range. No significant differences in postpartum satisfaction related to birth plans were found.ConclusionsAlthough birth plans are recommended for every pregnant woman, this is not everyday practice yet. The purpose of birth plans, to facilitate shared decision making, is therefore not fully realized. Implementation strategies are needed to increase adoption of birth plans for every woman.
Intelligent analysis and data visualisation for teacher assistance tools: The case of exploratory learning
Authors: Mavrikis Manolis , Geraniou Eirini , Gutierrez Santos Sergio , Poulovassilis Alexandra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile it is commonly accepted that Learning Analytics (LA) tools can support teachers' awareness and classroom orchestration, not all forms of pedagogy are congruent to the types of data generated by digital technologies or the algorithms used to analyse them. One such pedagogy that has been so far underserved by LA is exploratory learning, exemplified by tools such as simulators, virtual labs, microworlds and some interactive educational games. This paper argues that the combination of intelligent analysis of interaction data from such an Exploratory Learning Environment (ELE) and the targeted design of visualisations has the benefit of supporting classroom orchestration and consequently enabling the adoption of this pedagogy to the classroom. We present a case study of LA in the context of an ELE supporting the learning of algebra. We focus on the formative qualitative evaluation of a suite of Teacher Assistance tools. We draw conclusions relating to the value of the tools to teachers and reflect with transferable lessons for future related work.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Learning Analytics (LA) tools can support teachers' orchestration but most of the work so far has focus mostly on instructionist pedagogies or Computer‐Supported Collaborative Learning.
Exploratory Learning Environments (ELEs) encourage students to freely explore a domain and follow a variety of solutions and have the potential to lead to more engagement and deeper learning.
The freedom in ELEs introduces orchestration challenges that hinder the adoption of such pedagogies in classroom.
What this paper adds

A set of usage scenarios for LA tools for exploratory environments derived from teacher input and design and methodological guidelines based on a reflection from the study.
Showcases a suite of Teacher Assistance tools purposefully designed for teachers' orchestration requirements during Exploratory Learning.
Empirical evidence of the perceived usefulness of these tools and feedback from a large number of teachers thanks to a methodology of re‐using previously collected classroom data.
Implications for practice and/or policy

A methodology for involving teachers in the design and evaluation of LA.
Highlights teacher training needs for LA.
Teachers should be provided with tools that help them orchestrate different activities including ones with digital tools underpinned by a constructionist pedagogy.
In patients with a positive family history of familial adenomatous polyposis can the condition be diagnosed from the presence of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium detected via an eye examination: A systematic review
Authors: Rehan Shahzaib , Aye Kyaw 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn classic familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) adenomas become malignant. Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) is a retinal pigmented lesion and is the earliest and most common potential extraintestinal manifestation of FAP. This review aims to summarize and analyse all of the published data on CHRPE in patients with classic FAP and then ascertain whether these patients should undergo a relatively cheap and non‐invasive dilated fundus examination to screen for CHRPE. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines our database search identified 102 relevant articles of which 13 were selected for further analysis. The percentage of FAP patients with CHRPE was found to be 80.00%, whereas the percentage of at‐risk patients with CHRPE was 31.12%. Despite various statistically significant findings, CHRPE alone cannot be used as a surrogate for diagnosing FAP in those with a positive family history. The authors advocate a combined approach of eye examinations, colonoscopy and genetic testing.
The homozygous variant c.245G > A/p.G82D in PNPLA2 is associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotypic manifestations
Authors: Rao Man , Guo Guangran , Li Mengmeng , Chen Shi , Chen Kai , Chen Xiao , Song Jiangping , Hu Shengshou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractArrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a familial cardiomyopathy featured by fibrofatty replacement of cardiomyocytes. Responsible genetic factors are not discernible in approximately one‐third of ACM probands. To investigate this further, we performed whole genome sequencing in 14 mutation‐negative ACM probands who underwent cardiac transplantation, and we identified one ACM proband with a rare homozygous missense variant in PNPLA2 (c.245G > A, p.G82D), a rate‐limiting enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides into fatty acids and diacylglycerol. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that this missense variant may lead to loss of function and therefore impair lipid catabolism. Genetic screening in this proband's family also inferred that the homozygous variant cosegregated with disease. To validate the pathogenicity of this variant and confirm its association with ACM, we established a knockin mouse model carrying the orthologous human homozygous PNPLA2 variant. Interestingly, mice with the homozygous variant presented with arrhythmias and significant cardiac dysfunction at 12 weeks, whereas heterozygous mice were not affected. Moreover, those homozygous mice suffered sudden death and/or heart failure by the age of 14 weeks. Pathological examination showed that extensive lipogenesis in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibrosis were prominent in the myocardium. Herein, our data demonstrated that the homozygous missense variant PNPLA2 (c.245G > A, p.G82D) associated with a recessive form of ACM.
Revectorization‐Based Soft Shadow Mapping
Authors: Macedo M. C. F. , Apolinário A. L. , Agüero K. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present revectorization‐based soft shadow mapping, an algorithm that enables the rendering of visually plausible anti‐aliased soft shadows in real time. In revectorization‐based shadow mapping, shadow silhouettes are anti‐aliased and filtered on the basis of a discontinuity space. By replacing the filtering step of the theoretical framework of the percentage‐closer soft shadow algorithm by a revectorization‐based filtering algorithm, we are able to provide anti‐aliasing mainly for near contact shadows or small penumbra sizes generated from low‐resolution shadow maps. Moreover, we present a screen‐space variant of our technique that generates visually plausible soft shadows with an overhead of only in processing time, when compared to the fastest soft shadow algorithms proposed in the literature, but that introduces shadow overestimation artefacts in the final rendering.
Framework for quantifying population responses to disturbance reveals that coastal birds are highly resilient to hurricanes
Authors: Field Christopher R. , Ruskin Katharine J. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Hodgman Thomas P. , Kovach Adrienne I. , Olsen Brian J. , Shriver W. Gregory , Elphick Chris S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChanges in the frequency and severity of extreme weather may introduce new threats to species that are already under stress from gradual habitat loss and climate change. We provide a probabilistic framework that quantifies potential threats by applying concepts from ecological resilience to single populations. Our approach uses computation to compare disturbance–impacted projections to a population's normal range of variation, quantifying the full range of potential impacts. We illustrate this framework with projection models for coastal birds, which are commonly depicted as vulnerable to disturbances, especially hurricanes and oil spills. We found that populations of coastal specialists are resilient to extreme disturbances, with high resistance to the effects of short‐term reductions in vital rates and recovery within 20 years. Applying the general framework presented here across disturbance‐prone species and ecosystems would improve understanding of population resilience and generate specific projections of resilience that are needed for effective conservation planning.
Defining a spectrum of integrative trait‐based vegetation canopy structural types
Authors: Fahey Robert T. , Atkins Jeff W. , Gough Christopher M. , Hardiman Brady S. , Nave Lucas E. , Tallant Jason M. , Nadehoffer Knute J. , Vogel Christoph , Scheuermann Cynthia M. , Stuart‐Haëntjens Ellen , Haber Lisa T. , Fotis Alexander T. , Ricart Raleigh , Curtis Peter S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVegetation canopy structure is a fundamental characteristic of terrestrial ecosystems that defines vegetation types and drives ecosystem functioning. We use the multivariate structural trait composition of vegetation canopies to classify ecosystems within a global canopy structure spectrum. Across the temperate forest sub‐set of this spectrum, we assess gradients in canopy structural traits, characterise canopy structural types (CST) and evaluate drivers and functional consequences of canopy structural variation. We derive CSTs from multivariate canopy structure data, illustrating variation along three primary structural axes and resolution into six largely distinct and functionally relevant CSTs. Our results illustrate that within‐ecosystem successional processes and disturbance legacies can produce variation in canopy structure similar to that associated with sub‐continental variation in forest types and eco‐climatic zones. The potential to classify ecosystems into CSTs based on suites of structural traits represents an important advance in understanding and modelling structure–function relationships in vegetated ecosystems.