bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior tibial spine (ACL avulsion) fracture treated with open reduction and fixation with screw: surgical technique, functional and clinico-radiological outcomes
Authors: V. Chawda Rajesh , J. Patel Vijay , M. Ninama Dhaval , N. Patel Harsh 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The anterior tibial spine fracture occurs almost at a same frequency both in adolescents and in adults. These injuries are often overlooked at emergency room. Stable internal fixation requires to gain optimum function of ACL by securing its length and nascent tension. We treated anterior tibial spine (ACL avulsion) fracture patient with open reduction and screw fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Study of Ten patients of anterior tibial spine (ACL avulsion) fracture, with minimum of 06 months and maximum of 18 months follow up. Classification of anterior tibial spine (ACL avulsion) a fracture done by Meyer and Mckeever. All patients operated with open reduction and internal fixation with screw via medial parapatellar approach. Functional and clinical outcome measured with Lysholm knee score at final follow up.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We studied 10 patients with anterior tibial spine (ACL avulsion) fractrure where mean age of patient was 36.4 years. Mean radiological healing was 10.6 weeks in anterior tibial spine (ACL avulsion) fracture. We observed mean motion of knee 133 degree in anterior tibial spine (ACL avulsion) fracture. Mean Lysholm score at final follow up was 86.8.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Open reduction for anterior tibial spine (ACL) fracture provides direct visualization with easy application of screws ultimately confers stable osteosynthesis enables to start early range of motion and further rehabilitation protocol. Open reduction internal fixation is comparative less technically demanding, less expansive and gives excellent to good results as compared to other techniques.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
استرس شغلی و ارتباط آن با متغیرهای دموگرافیک (مطالعه‌ی موردی بر روی کارکنان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام در سال 1394)
Authors: رشیدی محمد ‌امین , یوسفی مهر عاطفه , پورنجف عبدالحسین , پورنجف مسعود , کاظمی مهرداد , اکبری عظیم , کاظمی مقداد 
Published: February 2019

مقدمه: استرس شغلی پاسخ‌های هیجانی آزاردهنده‌ای است که به علت عدم تطابق بین نیازمندی‌های شغلی با توانایی‌های فردی ایجاد می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین وضعیت استرس شغلی و فاکتورهای تاثیرگذار بر آن در میان کارکنان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام انجام گرفت.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه­ی توصیفی - تحلیلی و از نوع مقطعی بر روی 153 نفر از کارکنان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام در سال 1394 به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انجام گرفت. به منظور جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه استرس شغلی Philip. L. Rice استفاده شد. سپس تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS16 و آمار توصیفی و آزمون‌های آماری آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه (آزمون تعقیبی شفه)، کای‌دو، تی‌تست مستقل و همبستگی اسپیرمن انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: میانگین نمره کلی استرس شغلی در جامعه مورد مطالعه برابر با 29/31 ± 25/152 بود که 6/68 درصد از افراد مورد مطالعه در محدوده استرس شغلی متوسط قرار داشتند. آزمون اسپیرمن، همبستگی معکوس و معنی‌دار آماری را بین خرده مقیاس‌های روابط بین فردی و شرایط فیزیکی محیط کار و متغیر گروه‌های سنی در کارکنان ستاد و پردیس نشان داد (05/0>P و 246/0r= و 163/0 r=). آزمون آنالیز واریانس تفاوت معنی‌دار آماری را بین خرده مقیاس روابط بین فردی با نوع استخدامی نشان داد (05/0>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: نظر به اینکه در این مطالعه متغیرهای نوع استخدامی، سن و خرده مقیاس روابط بین فردی به‌ عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل تاثیرگذار بر استرس شغلی معرفی شدند لذا ضرورت دارد تا در انتخاب افراد متناسب با شغل مورد نظر، توجه بیشتری به متغیرهای ذکر شده صورت گیرد.
Comparison of immunization potential from recombinant proteins EIT and Stx2B nanoparticulated based on chitosan in animal model, as nanovaccin candidate against E. coli O157:H7
Authors: خنیفر ژاله , هاتف سلمانیان علی , حاجی حسینی رضا , امانی جعفر , کاظمی روح الله 
Published: February 2019

مقدمه: باکتری E. coli O157:H7 پاتوژن مشترک بین انسان و دام و ایجاد کننده سندرم اورمی همولیتیک (HUS) و اسهال حاد در انسان می باشد که به دلیل قابلیت لانه‌گزینی سریع در دستگاه گوارش انسان حائز اهمیت است. یکی از راه کارهای مقابله و پیشگیری در برابر این بیماری ها بکارگیری نانوواکسن های حاصل از آنتی ژن های نوترکیب فاکتورهای بیماری زای این باکتری می باشد. دراین تحقیق پروتئین های نوترکیب EIT (EspA, Intimin, Tir) و Stx2B با نانو ذرات کیتوزان انکپسوله ودردو گروه EIT همراه Stx2Bو بدون آن به موش های BALB/cتلقیح شدندومیزان ایمنی زایی ارزیابی و مقایسه شد .
روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی پروتئین های نوترکیب EIT و Stx2B پس از بیان و خالص سازی با روش ستون نیکل و تأیید با وسترن بلاتینگ، با نانو ذرات کیتوزان به روش ژلاسیون یونی نانوپارتیکله شدند. پس از واکسیناسیون آنتی بادی های سرمی و مدفوعی ضدrEIT و rStx2B با استفاده از الایزا ارزیابی و مقایسه شد. چالش ریزش مدفوعی باکتری با نرم افزار Excel و میزان محافظت موش ها بر علیه سم این باکتری بر اساس تست دقيق فيشر مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت.
نتایج: میزان IgG سرمی و IgAسرمی و مدفوعی موش ها اندازه گیری و مقایسه شد. ایمنی مطلوب تری در گروه های واکسینه شده خوراکی- تزریقی با مخلوط دو آنتی ژن نانوپارتیکله به دست آمد. محافظت حیوانی در برابر سم فقط در گروه های واکسینه rEIT همراه باrStx2B مشهود بود. سطح اختلاف معنی دار بین این گروه ها و کنترل مشهود بود (05/0 P<).
نتیجه‌گیری: شواهد نشان می دهد از پروتئین نوترکیب rEIT همراه با rStx2B متصل به نانو ذرات کیتوزان می تواند مقابله مؤثرتری از طریق جلوگیری از اتصال باکتری و خنثی سازی سم حاصل از آن داشته باشد.
تهیه و بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی نانوذرات کامپوزیت پلی ساکاریدی حاوی کارکامین در جلوگیری از تشکیل بیوفیلم میکروبی دندان
Authors: جهانی زاده شبنم , مرجانی اعظم , یزدیان فاطمه , امیدی میثم 
Published: February 2019

مقدمه: از عمده ترین دلایل پوسیدگی دندان، افزایش فعالیت میکروبی در حفره دهانی است. باکتری استرپتوکوکوس موتانس عامل اصلی ایجاد پوسیدگی است. هدف از مطالعه اخیر بارگذاری کارکامین طبیعی در فرمولاسیون بهینه نانوکامپوزیت کیتوزان-نشاسته-مونت موریلونیت و بررسی اثر ضد باکتری آن بر کاهش تشکیل بیوفیلم در مدل دندانی است.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاصل از نوع مطالعه تجربی می باشد. نانوکامپوزیت زیستی کیتوزان- نشاسته- مونت موریلونیت بارگذاری شده با کارکامین با روش ترسیب و ژل سازی یونی تهیه شد و اثر ضدمیکروبی آن بررسی گردید. شاخص های فیزیکوشیمیایی و خصوصیات ساختاری نانوکامپوزیت از منظر بازده درون گیری، پروفایل رهایش دارو، سایز نانوکامپوزیت، پتانسیل زتا، مورفولوژی سطح و طیف FTIR تعیین گردید.
نتایج: میانگین اندازۀ ذرات در نانوکامپوزیت بهینه شده برابر با 9/35 نانومتر، پتانسیل زتا 2/37 میلی ولت و میزان بارگذاری %91 به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان رهایش دارو برای این نانوسامانه حدود %80 به دست آمد که نشان دهنده کنترل رهایش دارو در حضور مونت موریلونیت در مقایسه با نانوکامپوزیت فاقد مونت موریلونیت می باشد. در بررسی های FTIR پیک جذبی مشخصه کارکامین، نشاسته، کیتوزان و مونت موریلونیت در نانوکامپوزیت مشاهده شد که نشان دهنده اختلاط مونت موریلونیت وکارکامین در نانوکامپوزیت می باشد. در نهایت، فعالیت ضدمیکروبی نانوکامپوزیت زیستی کیتوزان- نشاسته- مونت موریلونیت در برابر استرپتوکوکوس موتانس بررسی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نانوکامپوزیت حاوی کارکامین با برخورداری از ویژگی های مناسب فیزیکوشیمیایی، افزایش پایداری دارو و کنترل خوب رهایش، در ممانعت از تشکیل بیوفیلم در مدل دندان بسیار موثر است که دلیل آن بهبود در ثبات کارکامین کپسوله شده و افزایش حلالیت آبی آن می باشد.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RICE (OryzasativaL.) CULTIVATION IN POLYBAG TO CULTIVATION IN LOWLAND
Authors: Royani Rina Royani , Kusumawati Erna Risfaula , Widiyanti Fenny , Ariestina Hesti 
Published: February 2019

Purpose of the study: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the leading food consumed by Indonesian people even in Asia. The various innovations in rice cultivation still being developed to increase the yield both in quantity and quality. In general, rice cultivation is planted in the lowland. This research aims to compare the productivity of rice cultivation in a polybag to rice cultivation in the lowland.
Methodology: The size of the polybag that used in the experiment is 40x40 cm with space 50 cm of each other. The experiment was conducted in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. The variables studied are rice yield and rice varieties. The varieties used are Ciherang and Sertani 12.
Main Findings: The result showed that rice production yield includes the number of filled grains, total grain, and panicle number in polybag more than in lowland. Rice cultivation produces 2 kg/m2 in a polybag and 1 kg/m2 in the lowland. The panicle number of rice in polybag is more than in lowland, i.e., 12 in a polybag and 6 in the lowland. For the rice variety, Ciherang and Sertani 12 have the same yield in a polybag. It is 2 kg/m2.
Applications of this study: The rice cultivation in polybags has an easy cultivation system and suitable for urban areas where agricultural land is limited. Besides, it can be the solution for decreasing agricultural land from time to time.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is the use of polybags as the media of rice cultivation, which is not commonly done in farming.
МИНЕРАЛЬНО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ЗОНАЛЬНОСТЬ ЗОЛОТОНОСНЫХ КОР ВЫВЕТРИВАНИЯ ТОМЬ-ЯЙСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ
Authors: (Olga M. Yanchenko) Янченко Ольга Михайловна , (Valery G. Voroshilov) Ворошилов Валерий Гаврилович , (Timofey V. Timkin) Тимкин Тимофей Васильевич , (Mansour Ziaii) Мансур Зиаи 
Published: February 2019

Актуальность. Коры выветривания Томь-Яйского междуречья могут быть объектами промышленной добычи золота. В Томь-Яйском междуречье коры выветривания широко распространены, установлена их золотоносность, но строение, минеральный состав и геохимические особенности изучены недостаточно. Цель: выявить минерально-геохимическую зональность кор выветривания Томь-Яйского междуречья для решения вопросов генезиса и разработки критериев прогнозирования их золотоносности. Объект: коры выветривания по породам палеозойского фундамента Томь-Яйского междуречья. Методы. Кристалломорфологические особенности золота и минералов-спутников, парагенетические ассоциации минералов изучались микроскопически под бинокуляром, в отраженном свете, химический состав минералов – методом ИСП-масс-спектрометрии, на рентгено-флюоресцентном микроскопе HORIBA Scientific XGT-7200, сканирующем электронном микроскопе TESCAN VEGA 3 SBU с ЭДС OXFORD X-Max 50. Сокращенный химический состав продуктов выветривания определялся методом ИСП-масс-спектрометрии. Минеральный состав пелитовой фракции определялся методом рентгенофазового количественного анализа на дифрактометре D8 Advance фирмы Bruker. Проведен сокращенный гранулометрический анализ продуктов выветривания разных зон профиля. Результаты. В Томь-Яйском междуречье установлены остаточные и переотложенные коры выветривания. Продукты выветривания представлены песчано-алевритовым, глинистым и щебнисто-дресвяным материалом, с преобладанием песчаной и алеврито-глинистой составляющей. Установлен состав и распределение по разрезу глинистых минералов, карбонатов, пирита, золота и других минералов. Состав остаточных кор выветривания монтмориллонит-гидрослюдисто-каолинитовый. В строении полного профиля выделяются зоны: 1) дезинтеграции, 2) гидратации и 3) гидролиза. Дана минерально-геохимическая характеристика выделенных зон. На основании сокращенного химического анализа рассчитаны основные геохимические модули.
Örgüt Kültürü, Psikolojik Güçlendirme ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişkiler
Authors: ORDU Aydan , BALÇIK Ece 
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışma, öğretmenlerin algılarına
göre örgüt kültürü, psikolojik güçlendirme ve örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki
ilişkileri araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2016-2017
eğitim - öğretim yılında Antalya ili Manavgat ilçesinde bulunan ilkokul,
ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan 331 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. İlişkisel
tarama modelinde tasarlanan araştırmada veriler “Örgüt Kültürü Ölçeği”,
“Psikolojik Güçlendirme Ölçeği” ve
“Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği” aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde
aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, korelasyon ve regresyon analizinden
yararlanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin okullarında en yüksek algıladıkları kültür
görev kültürü iken; en düşük algıladıkları kültür de bürokratik kültür
çıkmıştır. Psikolojik güçlendirmeye ilişkin en yüksek algı anlam, en düşük algı
ise etki boyutunda görülmektedir. Örgütsel bağlılığın alt boyutlarında ise
duygusal bağlılık en yüksek, devam bağlılığı en düşük çıkmıştır. Değişkenler
arasındaki ilişkiler incelendiğinde, en yüksek ilişki normatif bağlılık ile
başarı kültürü arasında orta düzeyde ve pozitif yönde çıkmıştır. Örgüt
kültürünün alt boyutları ve psikolojik güçlendirmenin doğrusal kombinasyonunun
öğretmenlerin duygusal, devam ve normatif bağlılıklarını anlamlı bir biçimde
yordadığı görülmüştür.
Multizone Casedhole Frac Packs and Intelligent-Well Systems Improve Recovery in Subsea Gas Fields
Authors: Burton R. C. , Gilbert W. W. , Fleming G.. , Leitch J. C. , Nozaki M.. , Pandey V. J. , Adams M. D. , Peterson E. M. , Zhou L.. , Ray T. W. 
Published: February 2019

Summary
A nine–well subsea development project has been completed using casedhole frac packs (CHFPs) for sand control and multizone intelligent–well systems (IWSs) to improve recovery from a series of shallow, low–pressure gas reservoirs. In these wells, CHFPs have been installed to provide reliable sand control over the long, low–net–to–gross–ratio sand/shale target sequence: typically, three to six frac packs per well. This outer CHFP completion is then augmented with a multizone IWS, consisting of isolation seals, surface–controlled zonal–isolation valves, and downhole–pressure/temperature (DHP/T) gauges. The IWS string is run as a separate inner string to provide flow–monitoring capability and allow shutoff of zones producing high water volumes. This critical water–shutoff capability eliminates the risk of one or more high–water–production zones loading up and killing adjacent low–pressure gas zones, with the associated loss of reserves.
To date, a total of nine wells have been completed and are being produced from three subsea gas fields. To maximize recovery from the fields’ numerous but relatively thin gas reservoirs, production wells are completed over three to six separate intervals. These frac–packed intervals are then grouped to allow flow control and pressure/temperature monitoring to occur through up to six surface–operated interval control valves (ICVs) and associated downhole gauges. This combination of sand control and intelligent–well control has provided an ability to perform multirate tests (MRTs) and pressure–buildup (PBU) tests on each reservoir interval to detect the start of water production or identify other impending production issues. After approximately 6 years of production service to the October 2018 date of this paper, 16 of the 34 zones completed in the nine–well project have been shut in to eliminate high water production. These water–shutoff actions performed using the surface–controlled ICVs are estimated to have improved gas–recovery factors from 50 to 60% without requiring rig intervention.
This paper describes the reservoir challenges addressed and the completion–design and –operating practices used in this successful program.
A Unified Approach To Optimize Fracture Design of a Horizontal Well Intercepted by Primary- and Secondary-Fracture Networks
Authors: Wang Junlei , Wei Yunsheng , Luo Wanjing 
Published: February 2019

Summary
The classical optimization design dependent on a single-fracture (SF) assumption is widely applied in performance optimization for hydraulically fractured wells. The objective of this paper is to extend the optimal design to a complex fracture network to achieve the maximum productivity index (PI). In this work, we established a pseudosteady-state (PSS) productivity model of a fractured horizontal well, which has the flexibility of accounting for the complexity of fracture-network dimensions. A semianalytical solution was then presented in the generalized matrix format through coupling reservoir- and fracture-flowing systems. Subsequently, several published studies on the PSS productivity calculation of a SF were used to verify this model, and a 3D transient numerical simulation of an orthogonal fracture network was used to perform further verification. We show that results from our solutions agree very well with those benchmarked results. On the basis of the model, we provide a detailed analysis on the productivity enhancement of the fracture-network/optimization work flow using unified fracture design (UFD). The results show the following:
The PI is determined by fracture conductivity and complexity (network size, spacing, and configuration), and it is a function of fracture complexity and conductivity when the influence of proppant volume is not considered. Under the constraint of a given amount of proppant known as UFD, the maximum PI would be achieved when the best balance between network complexity and conductivity was obtained. It is more advantageous to minimize fracture complexity by creating relatively simple-geometry fractures with smaller network size and larger fracture spacing in the condition of small and intermediate proppant numbers. It should be the design goal to generate a complex network by creating relatively complex-geometry fractures with larger network size and smaller fracture spacing in the condition of a large proppant number. Increasing fracture complexity could reduce the optimal requirement of fracture conductivity. The proposed approach can provide guidance for a network-hydraulic-fracturing design for an optimal completion.
Proportional Swivel Headlight and Foglight Mechanism
Authors: Shah Prit Devendrakumar , Patel Ajay , Desai Manan 
Published: February 2019

This paper describes the hardware of movable Headlight & Foglight system for vehicles. It has been found that the majority of accidents take place due to the invisibility of road at night & in fog. So, it becomes necessary that we get a clear vision during the night & in fog so as to avoid accidents. Therefore, the following research represents the rotation of headlight & foglight with the rotation of wheels. In this system used rack & pinion arrangement which give the drive to the optical axes on which headlight & foglight are mounted so when the links are moved with steering arm that gives predefined motion to headlight and foglight. Hence the light from the Headlight & Foglight focuses properly on the road, also while taking turn the driver coming from the opposite side can easily notice the upcoming vehicle & so the number of accidents is minimized. In this paper, we have defined a novel approach movement of foglight along with the headlight.
Contribution of flow conditions and sand addition on hyporheic zone exchange in gravel beds
Authors: Marttila H. , Tammela S. , Mustonen K.-R. , Louhi P. , Muotka T. , Mykrä H. , Kløve B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe conducted a series of tracer test experiments in 12 outdoor semi-natural flumes to assess the effects of variable flow conditions and sand addition on hyporheic zone conditions in gravel beds, mimicking conditions in headwater streams under sediment pressure. Two tracer methods were applied in each experiment: 2–5 tracer-pulse tests were conducted in all flumes and pulses were monitored at three distances downstream of the flume inlet (0 m, 5 m and 10 m, at bed surface), and in pipes installed into the gravel bed at 5 m and 10 m distances. The tracer breakthrough curves (total of 120 tracer injections) were then analysed with a one-dimensional solute transport model (OTIS) and compared with data from the gravel pipes in point-dilution pulse tests. Sand addition had a strong negative effect on horizontal fluxes (qh), whereas the fraction of the median travel time due to transient storage (F200) was determined more by flow conditions. These results suggest that even small additions of sand can modify the hyporheic zone exchange in gravel beds, thus making headwater streams with low sediment transport capacity particularly vulnerable to sediments transported into the stream from catchment land use activities.
Governance instruments for optimising source separation in novel urban water systems: the case of cross-connections in urban water systems
Authors: Ebert Björn , Schramm Engelbert , Wang Bingxiang , Winker Martina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Using the three-phase cooperation model and analysing projects based on their cooperation demands in the planning, implementation and operation phases, this article answers three main questions for each of the above-mentioned phases: (i) How and between which systems do cross-connections occur? (ii) Which actors are involved in those phases? (iii) Who needs to participate in which type of governance to achieve a better, more structured process of cross-connection control? The article refers to the world's largest novel water system in the Chinese city of Qingdao where a Resource Recovery Centre (RRC) providing the treatment of greywater for domestic and landscape reuse for 12,000 inhabitants has been implemented. A systematic interdisciplinary analysis of cross-connections leads to the conclusion that the approach to source separation needs to be complemented by governance instruments. These governance instruments derived from the actors identified by the cooperation management approach comprise processes of deliberation and communication, qualification and certification, final approval and inspection, as well as learning and evaluation.
State-level policies concerning private wells in the United States
Authors: Bowen Kristina , Krishna Tara , Backer Lorraine , Hodgins Kate , Waller Lance A. , Gribble Matthew O. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Currently, no federal policies exist in the United States regarding private wells; this authority is devolved to states. This study inventoried state-level policies governing private wells in the United States in order to identify the topics addressed by each state, division of responsibilities across state agencies, and geographic differences in policy comprehensiveness. From May to August 2018, two independent reviewers conducted an online search followed by directly contacting state agencies (98% response) to identify all state-level policies in the United States that directly reference private wells. The search, updated in April 2018, confirmed the existing water policy list and identified 23 additional policies. Policies were then coded according to nine not-mutually-exclusive classifications. The results indicate that all states had at least one policy addressing private well drilling or construction. Significant geographic differences exist in maintenance related policies. In conclusion, although drilling and construction safety are addressed by each state, some policy domains are addressed inconsistently across states, and other policy domains are absent in most states.
Sustainable treatment systems for removal of pharmaceutical residues and other priority persistent substances
Authors: Baresel C. , Ek M. , Ejhed H. , Allard A.-S. , Magnér J. , Dahlgren L. , Westling K. , Wahlberg C. , Fortkamp U. , Söhr S. , Harding M. , Fång J. , Karlsson J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues and other emerging substances commonly summarised as micropollutants pass through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and end up in the receiving waters and sludge. Many studies have investigated the removal efficiency of various techniques but a holistic evaluation of various relevant treatment alternatives regarding both the removal efficiency for various micropollutants, investment and operating costs, environmental impacts and future comprehensiveness is still lacking. This paper provides the results from a large 3-year project about the evaluation of sustainable treatment systems for removal of various micropollutants or disruptive effects at Swedish WWTPs and their environmental, economic and future sustainability. The presented results are based on our own pilot tests and related assessment and modelling efforts and provide a holistic view on advanced treatment of wastewater for removal of micropollutants.