bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of CD34 and calretinin immunostaining in the diagnosis of proliferating tricholemmal tumor and trichoblastoma
Authors: Sardiña Luis A. , Piliang Melissa , Bergfeld Wilma F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundProliferating tricholemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare neoplasm of controversial biological behavior for which distinction from other more common tumors is essential. Similarly, trichoblastoma (TB) remains a debatable entity that may represent a variation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Our goal is to correlate the staining pattern of calretinin and CD34 in these two follicular tumors vs. their major differential diagnoses, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) and BCC.MethodDescriptive study of 68 cases: 6 PTT, 22 TB, 20 ISCC, and 20 BCC in a period of 15 years. The diagnosis was confirmed with H&E. The immunohistochemistry results were analyzed and scored positive (weak +, moderate ++, and strong +++) or negative.ResultsCalretinin was expressed in 4/6 cases of PTT and negative in all TB. Only one malignant case of PTT was positive for CD34 (1/2) and negative in all TB cases. Calretinin and CD34 were negative for all ISCC and BCC. The intensities are shown in tables.ConclusionThe diagnosis of these neoplasms is a morphologic diagnosis. However, in those cases where the morphologic aspect is difficult to interpret, calretinin may assist in the diagnosis of PTT, distinguishing the hair follicle tumors with an outer root sheath differentiation. Likewise, CD34 showed significant affinity for the malignant subset of PTT. Calretinin and CD34 did not add any value to the differentiation between TB and BCC. However, this might suggest that both are the same entity with a different morphological permutation.
Three‐dimensional densification measurement of Vickers‐indented glass using digital holographic tomography
Authors: Sung Yongjin , Yoshida Satoshi , Kato Yoshinari , Kurkjian Chuck 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe have used digital holographic tomography (DHT) to study the refractive index (density) changes occurring under Vickers indentations in silica, soda‐lime, and non‐alkaline aluminoborosilicate glasses. The measurements confirm that the maximum refractive index (density) is not constant but increases with load up to 300 gf. At higher loads (500 gf and 1 kgf), a subsurface (median) crack in soda‐lime glass is observed with no apparent surface trace. The appearance of this crack reduces the maximum refractive index (density) observed. In addition, the vertical cross section of the 3D refractive index (density) map has been successfully obtained using a square fiber sample and lateral observation. These results clearly demonstrate a promising potential of DHT to evaluate the shape and the density distribution of the structurally modified zone in a Vickers‐indented glass.
Let them sleep: The effects of a scheduled nap during the night shift on sleepiness and cognition in hospital nurses
Authors: Zion Nataly , Shochat Tamar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a scheduled 30‐min nap and its interaction with individual factors on sleepiness and cognition during an 8‐hr night shift.DesignThis prospective, within‐subjects study conducted between 2011–2014 compared sleepiness and cognition with/without a nap during the night shift, in 109 female nurses, tested on two nights with and two nights without a nap in counterbalanced order.MethodsNurses completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire for Shiftwork, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale at study onset. They reported sleepiness hourly and performed the Digit Symbol Substitution and the Letter Cancellation Tasks at 3:00 and 7:00 a.m. They took a nap at 4:00 a.m. on nap nights and worked as usual on no‐nap nights. Sleep–wake patterns were monitored using actigraphs 24 hr before and during the shift. Caffeine consumption, workload and adverse events were reported. To assess the effectiveness of a scheduled nap, mixed‐models and repeated measures analyses of variance were used.ResultsLower levels of sleepiness were found at 5:00, 6:00 and 7:00 a.m. on nap versus no‐nap nights. Increments in performance between 3:00–7:00 a.m. were significantly greater on nap versus no‐nap nights for Digit Symbol Substitution Task correct responses and Letter Cancellation Task capacity. No interactions between the nap and any of the individual factors emerged.ConclusionA scheduled nap provides an effective countermeasure against the negative consequences of night‐time shift work in female nurses above and beyond interpersonal differences.ImpactChanges in attitude and policy are required to implement this beneficial and cost‐effective strategy.Trial registration number: ACTRN12618001857291.
Partners' experiences of living with a person with an eating disorder: A grounded theory study
Authors: O'Connor Patricia , Daly Louise , Higgins Agnes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of intimate partners of people with an eating disorder.DesignQualitative grounded theory study.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 18 partners of people with an eating disorder from 2013–2016. Data were analysed using the principles of classic grounded theory including, concurrent data collection and analysis, theoretical sampling, constant comparative analysis and memo writing.ResultsPartners encounter disruptions to their lives when their significant other experiences an eating disorder. As a result, partners engage in a four‐stage cyclical process involving: encountering a disruption; becoming an informed self; countering the disruption and reclaimed livability. By engaging in this process partners learn to support their significant other, remain committed to the relationship and recover their own lives. The process is drawn together and defined as the theory of ‘Reconstructing Livability’.ConclusionThe theory of ‘Reconstructing Livability’ provides a unique conceptualization of the experiences of partners who are living with a person with an eating disorder. It highlights the challenges faced by partners when supporting the recovery of their significant other and the intimate relationship, while reclaiming their own lives.ImpactThis study addresses the dearth of knowledge and understanding of partners' experiences. Partners engage in a process to enable them support recovery of their significant other and their own lives, but this is hindered by the challenges and unmet needs they experience. The theory provides a basis on which nurses can provide effective and timely supports to partners.
The Burden of Breast Cancer Predisposition Variants Across The Age Spectrum Among 10 000 Patients
Authors: Chavarri‐Guerra Yanin , Hendricks Carolyn B. , Brown Sandra , Marcum Catherine , Hander Mary , Segota Zdenka E. , Hake Chris , Sand Sharon , Slavin Thomas P. , Hurria Arti , Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis Enrique , Nehoray Bita , Blankstein Kenneth B. , Blazer Kathleen R. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. ,   for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESWomen diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) at an older age are less likely to undergo genetic cancer risk assessment and genetic testing since the guidelines and referrals are biased toward earlier age at diagnosis. Thus, we determined the prevalence and type of pathogenic cancer predisposition variants among women with a history of BC diagnosed at the age of 65 years or older vs younger than 65 years.DESIGNProspective registration cohort.SETTINGThe Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, including 40 community‐based clinics in the United States and 5 in Latin America.PARTICIPANTSWomen with BC and genetic testing results.MEASUREMENTSSociodemographic characteristics, clinical variables, and genetic profiles were compared between women aged 65 years and older and those younger than 65 years at BC diagnosis.RESULTSAmong 588 women diagnosed with BC and aged 65 years and older and 9412 diagnosed at younger than 65 years, BC‐associated pathogenic variants (PVs) were detected in 5.6% of those aged 65 years and older (n = 33) and 14.2% of those younger than 65 years (n = 1340) (P < .01). PVs in high‐risk genes (eg, BRCA1 and BRCA2) represented 81.1% of carriers among women aged 65 years and older (n = 27) and 93.1% of those younger than 65 years (n = 1248) (P = .01). BRCA2 PVs represented 42.4% of high‐risk gene findings for those aged 65 years and older, whereas BRCA1 PVs were most common among carriers younger than 65 years (49.7%). PVs (n = 7) in moderate‐risk genes represented 21.2% for carriers aged 65 years and older and 7.3% of those younger than 65 years (n = 98; P < .01). CHEK2 PVs were the most common moderate‐risk gene finding in both groups.CONCLUSIONClinically actionable BC susceptibility PVs, particularly in BRCA2 and CHEK2, were relatively prevalent among older women undergoing genetic testing. The significant burden of PVs for older women with BC provides a critical reminder to recognize the full spectrum of eligibility and provide genetic testing for older women, rather than exclusion based on chronological age alone. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:884–888, 2019.
Evaluation of tuberculin skin test (TST) in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) using experimentally tuberculin sensitized animals
Authors: Hablolvarid Mohammad Hassan , Eslampanah Mohammad , Mosavari Nader , Baradaran‐Seyed Zahra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNowadays, several test methods with different useful values are available for diagnosis of the tuberculosis (TB) in non‐human primates (NHPs). Despite some limitations of tuberculin skin test (TST), it is still the most commonly used method for TB testing of NHPs.MethodsDuring this investigation, TST was performed upon three groups of experimentally tuberculin sensitized and one group of non‐sensitized vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) by means of two types of old tuberculin (OT) and two types of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin.ResultsThe data obtained from this study revealed that PPD tuberculin prepared from both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis has more advantages over OT in tuberculin testing of the vervet monkeys. The potency of the PPD tuberculin prepared from M bovis was estimated almost twice as much of the M tuberculosis.ConclusionsIntrapalpebral injection of 0.1 mL of a concentration of ≥1 mg/mL of PPD tuberculin prepared from M bovis is the preferred method for TST of vervet monkeys.
Development and evaluation of novel topical gel of neem extract for the treatment of bacterial infections
Authors: Raju Dhidhin , Jose Jobin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe microspheres are one of the major formulations in the novel drug delivery systems. These days' scientists are predominantly focusing on natural plant products because of the poisonous effect of synthetic drug molecules. From olden days itself, neem has some excellent antibacterial activities.AimsThe main objective of the research work was to formulate microspheres containing methanolic extract of neem and incorporate it into a gel. The optimized gel was evaluated for its antibacterial activity.MethodsThe methanolic extract of the neem leaves was prepared by maceration process. The microspheres prepared were evaluated for shape, size of particles, and in vitro drug release. Out of all the formulations, the F5 formulation was found to be optimized; therefore, it was incorporated into the gel and evaluated for the in vitro permeation studies, in vivo skin irritation test, in vitro antibacterial activity studies, and accelerated stability studies.ResultsThe prepared gel formulation showed an acceptable zone of inhibition when compared to the pure drug in in vitro antibacterial activity studies. The skin irritation study on albino Wistar rats showed that the prepared gel formulation was compatible. Based on the stability studies, the gel formulation was found to be stable during the study period.ConclusionThe optimized formulation of containing neem extract showed better antibacterial activity, and it could be promising one in the topical delivery of neem for treatment of bacterial infections.
Facilitating closeness between babies with congenital abnormalities and their parents in the NICU: A qualitative study of neonatal nurses' experiences
Authors: Skelton Hannah , Dahlen Hannah G. , Psaila Kim , Schmied Virginia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThis qualitative study explored the experiences of neonatal nurses with facilitating closeness between parents and babies with congenital abnormalities in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).BackgroundBabies with congenital abnormalities often require admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Parents may experience emotional distancing from their baby, due to their response to their baby's congenital abnormality, as well as physical separation due to their baby's hospitalisation in the NICU. NICU nurses can help facilitate the development of closeness between babies and parents in the NICU.MethodThis qualitative interpretive description study involved face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews with twelve neonatal nurses following which the data collected were thematically analysed. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist were used in preparing this paper.ResultsThree major themes emerged from the analysis—“Everyone copes differently,” “You have to focus on what is the normal thing” and “It's very much an individualised approach.” Participants often felt unprepared to care for babies with congenital abnormalities and implemented coping mechanisms to overcome the emotional labour they experienced. Skin‐to‐skin cuddles were considered the most beneficial strategy for parents to develop closeness with their baby. Participants recognised that they sometimes “pushed” parents into engaging with their baby. Participants highlighted the importance of individualised, supportive care for these parents.ConclusionsNeonatal nurses require increased education about congenital abnormalities and individualised care to support them in caring for babies with congenital abnormalities.Relevance to clinical practiceFurther research is needed on parental experience of developing closeness with a baby with a congenital abnormality in the NICU.
Identity Questioning: Antecedents and Consequences of Prejudice Attributions
Authors: Albuja Analia F. , Sanchez Diana T. , Gaither Sarah E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany ethnic minorities in the United States hold both an ethnic minority and national American identity. Yet, they often encounter identity questioning when asked questions such as, “Where are you really from?,” which may operate as an ambiguous threat to their national identity. Because varied motivations (curiosity versus exclusion) create ambiguity, targets likely vary in their tendency to view identity questioning as prejudicial. Study 1 examined the extent to which ethnic minorities attribute identity questioning to prejudice, and the associated well‐being consequences. Study 2 examined the immigration policy‐oriented antecedents of identity questioning prejudice attributions. The results suggest that prejudice attributions are psychologically harmful (Study 1) and are associated with anti‐immigration policies (Study 2). Because identity questioning challenges one's ability to maintain a dual identity, it is important to better understand identity questioning. Specifically, these findings provide initial evidence of the role policy contexts may play in shaping identity questioning attributions.
A bridge too far in naming species: a total evidence approach does not support recognition of four species in Desertifilum (Cyanobacteria)
Authors: González‐Resendiz Laura , Johansen Jeffrey R. , León‐Tejera Hilda , Sánchez León , Segal‐Kischinevzky Claudia , Escobar‐Sánchez Viviana , Morales Marcia 
Published: April 2019

A population of Desertifilum (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) from an oligotrophic desertic biotope was isolated and characterized using a polyphasic approach including molecular, morphological, and ecological information. The population was initially assumed to be a new species based on ecological and biogeographic separation from other existing species, however, phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S–23S ITS region, placed this strain clearly within the type species, Desertifilum tharense. Comparative analysis of morphology, 16S rRNA gene similarity, 16S–23S ITS secondary structure, and percent dissimilarity of the ITS regions for all characterized strains supports placing the six Desertifilum strains (designated as PD2001/TDC17, UAM‐C/S02, CHAB7200, NapGTcm17, IPPAS B‐1220, and PMC 872.14) into D. tharense. The recognition of Desertifilum salkalinema and Desertifilum dzianense is not supported, although our analysis does support continued recognition of Desertifilum fontinale. Pragmatic criteria for recognition of closely related species are proposed based on this study and others, and more rigorous review of future taxonomic papers is recommended.
An integrated experimental and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling study of penicillin G in heavy sows
Authors: Li Miao , Mainquist‐Whigham Christine , Karriker Locke A. , Wulf Larry W. , Zeng Dongping , Gehring Ronette , Riviere Jim E. , Coetzee Johann F. , Lin Zhoumeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPenicillin G is widely used in food‐producing animals at extralabel doses and is one of the most frequently identified violative drug residues in animal‐derived food products. In this study, the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion of penicillin G in heavy sows after repeated intramuscular administrations at label (6.5 mg/kg) and 5 × label (32.5 mg/kg) doses were determined. Plasma, urine, and environmental samples were tested as potential antemortem markers for penicillin G residues. The collected new data and other available data from the literature were used to develop a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for penicillin G in heavy sows. The results showed that antemortem testing of urine provided potential correlation with tissue residue levels. Based on the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service action limit of 25 ng/g, the model estimated a withdrawal interval of 38 days for penicillin G in heavy sows after 3 repeated intramuscular injections at 5 × label dose. This study improves our understanding of penicillin G pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion in heavy sows and provides a tool to predict proper withdrawal intervals after extralabel use of penicillin G in heavy sows, thereby helping safety assessment of sow‐derived meat products.
Disentangling exploitation of the intertidal grazer Phorcus sauciatus (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in an oceanic archipelago: Implications for conservation
Authors: Sousa Ricardo , Vasconcelos Joana , Riera Rodrigo , Delgado João , González José A. , Freitas Mafalda , Henriques Paulo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHarvesting of intertidal grazers such as topshells is known to affect negatively the exploited populations by altering population structure and decreasing abundance. Phorcus sauciatus has a wide geographic distribution in the North‐eastern Atlantic Ocean and is subject to increasing levels of harvesting pressure due to the expansion of human population on coastal areas. The effect of proximity to human settlements and coastal accessibility on the size structure and abundance of P. sauciatus populations was examined in Madeira archipelago. Mean size, proportion of reproductive individuals, and abundance of this species were generally smaller in areas closer to human settlements and in more accessible coastal areas. Marine protected areas returned the highest mean sizes evidencing their effectiveness in preserving the size structure of this species. The results highlight the necessity to regulate the harvest of P. sauciatus in Madeira archipelago, as well as the implementation of management measures aiming at the sustainable exploitation and conservation of this species, exploited in this region since the early 15th century.
The Human Soul and Evolution: A Mimetic Perspective
Authors: Haw Christopher 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn much of the theological discourse concerning human evolution, the emergence of the human “soul” is commonly treated as off limits from any naturalistic analysis, lest one reduce human uniqueness or the immortality of the soul. This article offers a naturalistic approach to the “soul's” emergence in conversation with Catholic theological commitments, using René Girard's mimetic theory. I argue that locating “religion”—defined as the taboos, culture, and rituals that contained early human violence—as prior to cognition and language better orients our conceptions of what we mean by the human soul and how we evolved into our current form.
Assessment of swallowing function with oro‐pharyngeal‐esophageal scintigraphy in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Barsotti Simone , Puccini Giulia , Tripoli Alessandra , Cardelli Chiara , Minichilli Fabrizio , Volterrani Duccio , Mosca Marta , Grosso Mariano , Neri Rossella 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing impairment is frequently present in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and it represents an important cause of morbidity, dramatically reducing the quality of life of patients. Moreover, dysphagia is associated to a worst prognosis. Unfortunately, no standardized instrumental techniques for the assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tract in IIM patients are available. In this study, we explored the characteristics of the alterations in the upper gastrointestinal tract using oro‐pharyngeal‐esophageal scintigraphy (OPES) in a cohort of IIM patients and we correlated the alterations with clinical parameters.MethodsA total of 51 IIM patients were examined with OPES, both with liquids and semisolids, and the data acquired were examined to compute the transit time and the percentage of retention at oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal level. Patient‐reported outcome data (PRO) on dysphagia, disease activity, and clinical parameters were collected.Key resultsOro‐pharyngeal‐esophageal scintigraphy identified at least one alteration in all patients, particularly with the semisolid test and oral and pharyngeal levels presented a higher frequency of involvement compared to the esophageal tract (P < 0.05). A very good correlation between dysphagia severity assessed by PRO and many OPES results was identified. In patients with a shorter disease duration, there was a higher prevalence of alterations at the oral and pharyngeal level and they were correlated to higher swallowing difficulties and higher disease activity parameters.Conclusions & inferencesOur results showed that OPES may represent a novel reproducible tool to assess dysphagia in IIM patients, thus opening new possibilities to evaluate dysphagia in these patients.