bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat coupling mediates trophic cascades in an aquatic community
Authors: Marklund Maria H. K. , Svanbäck Richard , Eklöv Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTrophic cascades and other indirect effects can significantly mediate community interactions. Movement of energy between systems has been shown to be important for trophic cascades in food webs, where coupling between habitats can be important for food web stability and species evenness. To investigate the effects of habitat coupling on the stability and dynamics of chlorophyll a (used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass), mediated by the abundance and composition of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates, we manipulated habitat use by the predator perch. We show a greater indirect effect of predation on phytoplankton abundance when no habitat coupling occurs, indicating a stronger predation effect and a decrease in zooplankton grazing pressure leading to an increase in phytoplankton biomass. Although we found a significant effect on chlorophyll a between the treatments, this effect was not evident in the abundance of prey resources of perch (zooplankton and macroinvertebrates). Other indirect effects, not measured in this study, such as compositional changes in prey groups, could potentially explain the lack of effect in prey resources. While there is a strong theoretical argument for the stabilizing effects of habitat coupling, empirical evidence is scarce. Our study offers tentative support for these theoretical predictions in a natural system.
Investigation of compressed hydrogen refueling process of 60 L type IV tank used in fuel cell vehicles
Authors: Sapre Shitanshu , Pareek Kapil , Rohan Rupesh , Singh Pawan K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHydrogen fuel cell vehicle provides the significant advantage of high energy conversion efficiency and zero emission. Efficient hydrogen storage methods are vital for successful implementation of the hydrogen‐related technologies. Compressed hydrogen storage has been considered as a promising option in recently commercialized hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The short filling time and high state of charge of compressed hydrogen storage tank are an essential requirement for fuel cell vehicles. This study presents the detail investigation of refueling compressed storage tank using computational fluid dynamics simulation and heat capacity model. The goal of the simulation is to identify the end temperature and state of charge. Initially, the mathematical model of end temperature and state charge is formulated. Later, the overall heat transfer involved in the refueling process is investigated by heat capacity model based on MC method defined by SAE J2601. The density obtains from the simulation is compared with the National Institute of Standards and Technology database. The SE in simulated results for the state of charge is reduced to <1% after applying the heat capacity method. The results may shade light on better understanding the refueling process of compressed hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicle.
To Randomize or Not to Randomize? That is the Question
Authors: Boruch Robert , Allen‐Platt Claire , Gerstner Clara‐Christina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, Robert Boruch, Claire Allen‐Platt, and Clara‐Christina Gerstner explore whether an evaluation that employs a randomized controlled trial is appropriate for the Women Affirming Motherhood program. To make this determination, they focus on the program's clientele and pipeline, how programming is conducted, and what outcomes and effects should be explored. The authors conclude that an exploratory study is necessary before a summative evaluation can be pursued.
Theorists’ Models in Action: A Second Look
Authors: Alkin Marvin C. , Christie Christina A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn recent years, foundations have begun to think more holistically and to support collaboration across organizations. One form of collaboration, and the focus of the case study described in this issue, is the collective impact initiative, where a foundation convenes organizations from different sectors around a shared agenda. But how are evaluations designed in this context? This chapter introduces four theorists who, in this issue, translate their theories into practice to help us answer that question. To provide context for their individual chapters, the Evaluation Theory Tree is used to frame how the theorists were selected and introduce each of them in greater detail.
Efficacy of aspirin, prednisone, and multivitamin triple therapy in treating unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: A cohort study
Authors: Ou Hua , Yu Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of aspirin, prednisone, and multivitamin triple therapy in treating unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).MethodsData were reviewed from women with early RSA attending a hospital in Beijing, China, 2013–2017. Those with no abnormal indices (e.g., endocrine, coagulation, immune, genetic) were diagnosed as having URSA, and received aspirin, prednisone, and multivitamin therapy (triple therapy group, n=106) or folic acid monotherapy (control group, n=65). Treatment efficacy was evaluated as the rate of successful treatment (12‐week pregnancy with obvious embryo and embryonic heart, nuchal translucency thickness <0.25 cm, size consistent with gestational age, no early malformation).ResultsOverall, 362 women had early RSA and 171 (47.2%) had URSA. The rate of successful pregnancy was similar between the triple therapy (89.6%) and control (92.3%) groups (P=0.343). The rate of successful treatment was higher in the triple therapy (86.3%) than in the control (53.3%) group (P<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, triple therapy was associated with higher odds of successful treatment, whereas the number of spontaneous pregnancy losses was associated with lower odds of successful treatment.ConclusionThe triple therapy of aspirin, prednisone, and multivitamin was found to be a good treatment option for women with URSA.
Interventions to improve the use of long‐acting reversible contraceptive methods at primary health centers in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kiemtoré Sibraogo , Zoungrana Zakaria , Zamané Hyacinthe , Kaboré Charles W.P.D. , Ouédraogo Ali , Bonané Blandine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of strengthening family planning capacity on the uptake of long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods at two primary health centers.MethodsBetween April 2016 and March 2017, the Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians of Burkina Faso (SOGOB) increased the capacity of two primary health centers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, to offer LARC methods by training staff and providing family planning equipment and commodities. Uptake of LARC methods was compared between the year preceding the intervention and the year during the intervention.ResultsWithin a year, the number of new users of family planning increased 2.8‐fold from 2936 new users before the intervention to 8267 during it. The rate of new users of contraception increased 1.9‐fold (14.9% vs 28.1%; P<0.001) for all LARC methods, 2.4‐fold for intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), and 1.7‐fold for subdermal contraceptive implants. The proportion of new users of the copper IUCD younger than 25 years was higher during the intervention than before it (57.2% vs 46.9%; P=0.026).ConclusionThe SOGOB's family planning intervention resulted in an increase in the use of LARC methods at the two primary health centers.
Double surfactants‐assisted electromembrane extraction of cyromazine and melamine in surface water, soil and cucumber samples followed by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Guo Mengnan , Liu Shiyu , Wang Manman , Lv Yifei , Shi Jialei , Zeng Yuan , Ye Jiannong , Chu Qingcui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyromazine (CYR) and its main degradation product melamine (MEL) are attracting wide attention due to their potential hazards to the environment and humans. In this work, double surfactants‐assisted electromembrane extraction (DS‐EME) by Tween 20 and alkylated phosphate was firstly used for purification and extraction of CYR and MEL, and the extract was directly analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection.RESULTSUnder the optimum conditions, two targets could be well separated from the main interferences, including common biogenic amines and inorganic cations within 14 min. This developed method was successfully applied to the analyses of surface water, soil and cucumber samples, and the average recoveries were in the range 93.3–112%. DS‐EME provided a synergistic purification and enrichment effect for CYR and MEL by adding Tween 20 and alkylated phosphate into donor phase and supporting liquid membrane, respectively. Satisfactory limits of detection [0.2–1.5 ng mL−1, signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) = 3] could be obtained in the tested sample matrices, and the corresponding enrichment factors were up to 115∼123 times.CONCLUSIONThis developed method provides an alternative for the simultaneous analysis of CYR and MEL in complex real‐world samples. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of an angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with captopril: inhibition kinetics, in vivo effect, simulated gastrointestinal digestion and a molecular docking study
Authors: Chen Jiali , Ryu Bomi , Zhang YuanYuan , Liang Peng , Li Chengyong , Zhou Chunxia , Yang Ping , Hong Pengzhi , Qian Zhong‐Ji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to utilize tilapia skin gelatin hydrolysate protein, which is normally discarded as industrial waste in the process of fish manufacture, we study the in vivo and in vitro angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of the peptide Leu‐Ser‐Gly‐Tyr‐Gly‐Pro (LSGYGP). The aim was to provide a pharmacological basis of the development of minimal side effects of ACE inhibitors by comparative analysis with captopril in molecular docking.RESULTSThis peptide from protein‐rich wastes showed excellent ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.577 μmol L−1) and exhibited a mixed noncompetitive inhibitory pattern with Lineweaver–Burk plots. Furthermore, LSGYGP and captopril groups both showed significant decreases in blood pressure after 6 h and maintained good digestive stability over 4 h. Molecular bond interactions differentiate competitive captopril upon hydrogen bond interactions and Zn(II) interaction. The C‐terminal Pro generates three interactions (hydrogen bonds, hydrophilic interactions and Van der Waals interactions) in the peptide and effectively interacts with the S1 and S2 pockets of ACE.CONCLUSIONLSGYGP, with an IC50 value of 2.577 μmol L−1, has an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Through comparison with captopril, this study revealed that LSGYGP may be a potential food‐derived ACE inhibitory peptide and could act as a functional food ingredient to prevent hypertension. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Rate constant for the reaction of F‐atoms with trichloroacetic acid
Authors: Vasiliev Evgenii S. , Morozov Igor I. , Karpov Grigory V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKinetics of the reaction of F‐atoms with trichloroacetic acid was studied at 293 K using a low‐pressure flow reactor. Reactant concentrations were monitored by mass spectrometry combined with molecular beam sampling. The reaction rate constant obtained was k = (4.3 ± 0.8) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. This is an average value determined by the relative method employing four reference reactions of F‐atoms: with 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, ethanol, cyclohexane, and 2‐fluoroethanol, for which rate constant ratios k/kref = 7.4 ± 1.2, 0.24 ± 0.02, 0.28 ± 0.02, and 0.34 ± 0.04, respectively, were obtained. The resultant rate constant is compared with the rate constants for the related fluoro‐substituted acids.
Target areas for harmonizing the Grain for Green Programme in China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Geng Qingling , Ren Qingfu , Yan Huimin , Li Longhui , Zhao Xining , Mu Xingmin , Wu Pute , Yu Qiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWidespread land degradation has stimulated the implementation of a large‐scale ecological restoration programme in China's Loess Plateau—the Grain‐for‐Green Programme (GFGP). This programme has substantially increased vegetation cover and served to control soil erosion, but threatened regional food supply due to widespread cropland conversion. Consequently, a strategy balancing green and grain land uses is required. Here, we establish a dominance index of ecosystem services by quantifying the economic value of four key ecosystem services (net primary productivity, soil conservation, water yield, and food production), by combining spatially explicit datasets and census data. Using the dominance index, we identify the optimal areas to target for GFGP in the Loess Plateau. The identified areas (target areas) were the transition zone from low to high value of ecosystem services (ESV). These areas exhibited low grain productivity in addition to having the highest potential for soil conservation. Compared with other regions of the Loess Plateau, the loss of grain production due to cropland conversion in these target areas could decrease by 42%, whereas ESV could increase by 33%. Therefore, despite the fact that over the past 15 years (2000–2014) in these target areas more cropland was converted into ecological use (i.e. forest/grassland), there is still a need to strengthen ecological restoration in this region in the future. This study proposed a strategy for balancing green and grain from a spatial perspective, which could potentially solve land degradation issues and the tradeoff between ecosystem services in a more beneficial and targeted way.
Successional blooms of alkenone‐producing haptophytes in Lake George, North Dakota: Implications for continental paleoclimate reconstructions
Authors: Theroux Susanna , Huang Yongsong , Toney Jaime L. , Andersen Robert , Nyren Paul , Bohn Rick , Salacup Jeffrey , Murphy Leslie , Amaral‐Zettler Linda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlkenone‐derived paleotemperature reconstruction holds great promise in lake environments. However, the occurrence of multiple species of alkenone‐producing haptophyte algae in a single lake can complicate the translation of alkenone unsaturation to temperature if each species requires an individual temperature calibration. Here, we present the first systematic monitoring of two alkenone‐producing haptophytes throughout the course of a seasonal cycle in Lake George, North Dakota, using a combined approach of DNA sequencing and alkenone lipid characterization. Field sampling revealed a nonoverlapping haptophyte succession, with both an early and late season haptophyte bloom event. Culturing experiments demonstrated that the two haptophyte species responsible for these blooms had statistically similar alkenone‐temperature responses, although the culture‐based calibrations were distinct from the in situ calibration. Bloom timing of each haptophyte species corresponded to surface‐water temperatures that differed by more than 10°C, revealing that changes in bloom intensities for each species will skew the sediment‐inferred temperatures to a different stage of the growth season. These results highlight the importance of accounting for bloom timing when interpreting alkenone‐derived temperatures in sediment cores, especially in lakes that experience large seasonal fluctuations in water column temperature and salinity.
Environmental niche separation promotes coexistence among ecologically similar zooplankton species—North Sea copepods as a case study
Authors: Lindegren Martin , Thomas Mridul K. , Jónasdóttir Sigrún H. , Nielsen Torkel G. , Munk Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMarine zooplankton are among the most diverse and abundant organisms on earth. Despite a great wealth of knowledge and research on their ecology, the processes promoting coexistence and maintaining their high diversity worldwide are poorly known. In order to understand the processes underpinning coexistence among marine zooplankton, we investigated the existence and degree of niche separation within two pairs of taxonomically and ecologically related species of copepods belonging to the widespread, abundant genera Calanus and Oithona. We compared the spatial variation in species abundances to the abiotic and biotic environment using a multimodel approach and vertically resolved survey data on zooplankton composition, abundances, and environmental conditions in the North Sea. Our results demonstrate pronounced spatial differences between species in each pair, primarily in their vertical abundance distributions. These differences can largely be explained by different preferences for temperature and salinity. This supports the occurrence of environmental niche separation in marine zooplankton and highlights its role as a mechanism reducing interspecific competition and promoting coexistence.
Operators whose ranges are contained in the null space of conditional expectations
Authors: Jabbarzadeh M. R. , Sharifi M. H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe goal of this article is to study the algebra of a conditional type operators on such that each of members of has its range contained in the kernel of a conditional expectation E. We present characterizations of this algebra in terms of (φ0)0‐type sub‐sigma algebras of Σ.
Cerebrovascular blood flow in patients with tetralogy of fallot: prediction for early surgical intervention
Authors: Campbell Matthew , Ronai Christina , Punn Rajesh , Tacy Theresa , Tworetzky Wayne , Madriago Erin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesChildren with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) require initial intervention at varying times reflecting a spectrum of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. In utero, fetal patients with right sided obstructive lesions demonstrate increased middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI). We sought to determine whether MCA flow patterns are associated with the degree of pulmonary obstruction and the consequential need for early surgical intervention (ESI).MethodsWe performed a multi‐center retrospective study evaluating patients with a prenatal diagnosis of TOF. All echocardiographic fetal studies performed from 16 weeks' gestational age through delivery were reviewed between 2001 and 2015 with subsequent postnatal medical chart review.Results82 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients who ultimately required ESI (n=30) demonstrated an increased MCA PI z‐score (‐0.68 vs ‐1.32, p=0.02) compared to those who did not (n=52). An elevated MCA PI in patients with TOF was associated with ESI after 24 weeks' gestational age (‐0.36 vs ‐1.22, p=0.02).ConclusionsFetal patients with TOF demonstrate altered MCA flow that correlates with need for ESI. This effect is blunted earlier in gestation which may reflect cerebral autoregulation. MCA PI may be a beneficial tool in helping determine perinatal management and counseling for patients with TOF.
ROS‐Sensitive Degradable PEG–PCL–PEG Micellar Thermogel
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Jeong Byeongmoon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐sensitive degradable polymer would be a promising material in designing a disease‐responsive system or accelerating degradation of polymers with slow hydrolysis kinetics. Here, a thermogelling poly(ethylene glycol)–polycaprolactone–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG–PCL–PEG or EG12–CL20–EG12) triblock copolymer with an oxalate group at the middle of the polymer is reported. The polymers form micelles with an average size of 100 nm in water. Thermogelation is observed in a concentration range of 8.0−37.0 wt%. In particular, the aqueous PEG–PCL–PEG triblock copolymer solutions are in a gel state at 37 °C in a concentration range of 25.0–37.0 wt%, whereas the aqueous PEG–PCL diblock copolymer solutions are in a sol state in the same concentration range at 37 °C. Thus, the gel depot could dissolve out once degradation of the triblock copolymers occurs at the oxalate group as confirmed by the in vitro experiment. In vivo gel formation is confirmed by injecting an aqueous PEG–PCL–PEG solution (36.0 wt%) into the subcutaneous layer of rats. The gel completely disappears in 21 d. A model polypeptide drug (cyclosporine A) is released over 21 d from the in situ formed gel. The micelle‐based thermogel of PEG–PCL–PEG with ROS‐triggering degradability is a promising injectable material for biomedical applications.
Cyclophospholipids Increase Protocellular Stability to Metal Ions
Authors: Toparlak Ö. Duhan , Karki Megha , Egas Ortuno Veronica , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Mansy Sheref S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModel protocells have long been constructed with fatty acids, because these lipids are prebiotically plausible and can, at least theoretically, support a protocell life cycle. However, fatty acid protocells are stable only within a narrow range of pH and metal ion concentration. This instability is particularly problematic as the early Earth would have had a range of conditions, and extant life is completely reliant on metal ions for catalysis and the folding and activity of biological polymers. Here, prebiotically plausible monoacyl cyclophospholipids are shown to form robust vesicles that survive a broad range of pH and high concentrations of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+. Importantly, stability to Mg2+ and Ca2+ is improved by the presence of environmental concentrations of Na+. These results suggest that cyclophospholipids, or lipids with similar characteristics, may have played a central role during the emergence of Darwinian evolution.
Rational Design of Ultrathin Gas Barrier Layer via Reconstruction of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoflakes to Enhance the Chemical Stability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Lee Seongsoo , Jang Wonseok , Kim Mansu , Shin Jae Eun , Park Ho Bum , Jung Namgee , Whang Dongmok 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has great potential as a promising gas barrier layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as it shows high proton conductivity as well as excellent gas‐blocking capability. However, structural defects and mechanical damage during the transfer of the hBN layer and membrane swelling have limited the application of hBN sheets to PEMFCs. Here, an ultrathin gas barrier layer is successfully fabricated on a proton exchange membrane via reconstruction of mechanically exfoliated hBN nanoflakes using a direct spin‐coating process. The hBN‐coated layer effectively suppresses the gas crossover and inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen radicals in the electrodes without reducing the proton conductivity of the membrane. It is also demonstrated that the structural advantages of hBN‐coated gas barrier layers promise high performance of a unit cell even after a open‐circuit voltage (OCV) hold test for 100 h. Furthermore, through in‐depth postmortem analyses, a time‐dependent degradation mechanism of membrane electrode assembly under the OCV condition is rationally proposed.