bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleaning of technical oils by powder filter materials
Authors: Ilyushchanka A , Charniak I , Kusin A , Kusin R , Zakreuski I , Eremin E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The results of the study of powder filter materials (PFM) in comparison with the serial net and paper filter elements used for oil cleaning are given, as well as the effectiveness of their use for cleaning technical oil is substantiated. The possibility of promising use of powder filter material for cleaning engine oil is shown. As an example of the effective use of powder filter material, an example is given of oil cleaning in the process of engine running. A tangential filtration device for used engine oil is described. In the process of research, the range of fineness of cleaning motor oil with powder filter materials ranged from 5 to 70 microns.
Influence of the Arctic climate on watering of engine oils in operating conditions of road transport
Authors: Kolunin A V , Bur’yan I A , Gel’ver S A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A characteristic feature of the Arctic climate is negative temperatures. They have a negative impact on the condition of the equipment. The engine is the least adapted unit for the use in such conditions. The lubrication system of the engine undergoes significant state changes. The changes include the reduction of the operational properties of engine oils and the formation of buttery sediments, which block the grids of oil receivers, oil filters and violate the permeability of oil lines. The factor of watering in low-temperature sedimentation is of paramount importance. The water in the crankcase is formed as a result of condensation processes when operating at low temperature.
Ultra-high-speed sharpening and hardening the coating of carbide metal-cutting tools for finishing aircraft parts made of titanium alloys
Authors: Rechenko D S , Popov A Y , Titov Yu V , Balova D G , Gritsenko B P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the creation of a hard-alloy tool for finishing processing of heat-resistant and titanium alloys. Objective: to increase the efficiency of carbide blade tools for finishing machining of aircraft parts of heat-resistant and titanium alloys by means of ultrafast grinding, to determine the method of hardening the cutting part and the conditions of its operation. Subject of the research: the quality of the cutting wedge (conditional inscribed radius of the blade rounding, the presence of microchips, blockages and microhardness) obtained by ultrafast grinding and work-hardening of the cutting part and the determination of the conditions of its operation. Objectives: to implement the method of carbide tools ultrafast sharpening, providing the required quality of the cutting wedge, characterized by the conditional inscribed radius of rounding of the blade, the presence of microchips, blockages and microhardness, capable of producing blade processing of parts from heat-resistant and titanium alloys with an accuracy of 3…5 microns and roughness of Ra 0.2…0.4 microns; to investigate the process of superfast sharpening and to determine the effect of sharpening modes of carbide metal cutting tools on the quality of the sharpened tools cutting wedge; to investigate the reason for the reduction of the durability of the cutting tool while reducing the rounding radius of the blade and to determine the composition of the hardening coating, which slightly reduces the sharpness of the blade; to investigate the influence of cutting modes of finishing heat-resistant and titanium alloys with a tool blade sharpness up to 5 microns on its durability, as well as the surface roughness and accuracy of the part. Research methods: electron microscopy (Jeol JCM-5700, an energy-dispersive spectrometer attachment JED-2300; NTEGRA PRIMA (NT-MDT)); optical microscopy (MikroCad Premium, ODSCAD measurement program; Axio Observer.A1m); vibrodynamic analyzer (DIANA-2M); coating thickness measurement method (Calotest CAT-S-0000); microhardness measurement method (PMT-3 and DM 8 B AFFRI); determination of the characteristics of the tribotechnical properties by the method of testing for friction and wear (II5018); determination of cooling capacity (Compaton). Theoretical and calculation methods: simulation method; end element method; methods of mathematical statistics.
Simulation of the process of creep-feed diamond grinding of hardmetals
Authors: Vasil’ev E V , Rechenko D S , Yu Popov A , Garifullina E V , Chernykh I K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To determine the efficiency of diamond grinding of hardmetals, which is characterized by specific metal removal rate, it is necessary to determine the volume of chip removed by the one grain taking into consideration it’s curvilinear. A scheme for calculating the chip area in the longitudinal cross section with taking into consideration of its curvilinear was developed. According to the obtained equations, the volume of chips removed was determined, which provide a way to calculate the maximum force acting on the grain with higher accuracy. Comparative analysis of the motion trajectory of the grain obtained by the simulation in SolidWorks and by the calculating using the equations showed that the error between the coordinates no more than 2%.
Research of strength and conducting properties of composite material modified by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zaporotskova I , Elbakyan L , Bakhracheva Yu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article studies the fabrication mechanism of semiconducting composite polymer material based on methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid co-polymer doped with carbon nanotubes (CNT). A mechanism for fabrication of composite polymer material modified with carbon nanotubes has been developed, and experimental studies of the strength, electrical and physical characteristics of the materials obtained have been carried out.
The task of pursuing objects moving on different surfaces
Authors: Dubanov A A , Ausheev T V , Semenov D A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to describe a mathematical model of the pursuit problem in the case when the pursued and pursuing objects move along different surfaces one above the other. Orthonormal dynamic bases, which are determined by the vectors of velocities and normals to the surfaces, are introduced on the surfaces under consideration, at the points where objects are located, and tangent planes are constructed. The coordinates of our model’s opponent are projected onto each specified plane for analysis and decision making. The velocities of the objects in the model are constant in magnitude. The inertness of objects is modeled using the angular velocity of rotation, which is essential in the described model. As a result of research, an iterative algorithm was obtained, which leads to the achievement of a threshold value in the horizontal plane of projections. According to the research results, a dynamic visualization of the pursuit task was made, which gave clarity to the results obtained.
Morphisms general properties of geometrical models
Authors: Kuchkarova D F , Achilova D A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The notion “modeling” is one of the most significant in modern science. At present the approach is dominating, under which the model is understood as a set of given collection of relations in it.
It is supposed that some abstraction of identification exists allowing to identify a real object with artificially created model; for all that it is more often used isomorphism and homomorphism for the relation identification. With the notion ‘modeling’ a principally new method of scientific knowledge is used that is the ‘mathematical experiment’, taking an intermediate place between ‘classical deductive and classical experimental research methods’. Under mathematical model of a concrete object it is understood combination of equations, inequalities and other limitations and conditions for their solving, that allow in created system of co-ordinates to identify the object with the only method. Any object, except mathematical one, can have other models: geometrical, graphical, digital, linguistic and so on. Sequence of transformation of geometrical model into mathematical one and then into digital one is the sequence of homomorphism. While modeling we compare it not only with mathematical similar object i.e. the model, but with theoretical conception as well as with other suitable objects for this conception. It is shown in this article the primary geometrical model in relation to mathematical one. and the definition of geometrical modeling is given . The necessary definitions of isomorphism and homomorphism models are represented as well as examples of relations between concrete objects and their models. Definitions of full geometrical model, its complexity degrees and conditions of two models equivalence are also given.
Determination of parameters affecting the calculation time of the image average colour
Authors: Proskuriakov N E , Yakovlev B S , Arkhangelskaia N N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Results of pilot studies of determination of average color when using the automated program systems provided. Experimental and analytical means revealed the critical parameters influencing the speed of process of determination of average color. As research showed, the most significant parameters are geometrical image sizes. Also the limit of change of image sizes for the TIF, JPG, PNG, BMP formats at which average color began is irreversible to change was set. The BMP format showed the highest resistance among all studied graphic formats to loss of average color depending on change of image sizes. Research of models of RGB and HSL color showed that the HSL model is not suitable for determination of average color of the image, because of the unpredictable sensitivity. The software capable automated computation of the image average color developed.
About One–Dimensional Space Allocation Problem with forbidden zones
Authors: Zabudsky G G , Veremchuk N S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the One–Dimensional Space Allocation Problem (ODSAP) with the additional conditions. There are fixed objects (forbidden zones) and a partial order of placement objects on the line. You can not place objects in forbidden zones. The structure of connections between objects is determined using a directed graph. Situations of this type arise, for example, when designing the placement of technological equipment of some enterprise. Technological scheme of production determines the order of processing of raw materials. A polynomial–time algorithm for finding a local optimum for a special graph of connections between objects is proposed.
Encounters with predators fail to trigger predator avoidance in bumblebees, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Rodríguez-Gironés Miguel A , Jiménez Olga M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many species must learn to identify their predators, but little is known about the effect of direct encounters on the development of predator avoidance. We asked whether bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, learn to avoid predators, whether learning depends on the conspicuousness of predators and whether bumblebees learn to identify predators or simply to avoid dangerous patches. To answer these questions, we allowed bumblebees to forage in an enclosed meadow of 15 artificial flowers containing a yellow female crab spider, Thomisus onustus. Flowers were yellow in half of the trials and white in the other half. Spiders could remain at the same flower throughout the experiment or swap flowers between bee foraging bouts. Of the 60 bees used in the experiment, eight were killed by the spiders and nine stopped foraging without finishing the trial. Death or refusal to forage typically occurred early in the trial. Regardless of the treatment, the probability of landing at the spider-harbouring flower increased with time. Previous encounters with heterospecific individuals can therefore be a poor source of information about their predatory nature.
Neural structures supporting spontaneous and assisted (entrained) speech fluency
Authors: Bonilha Leonardo , Hillis Argye E , Wilmskoetter Janina , Hickok Gregory , Basilakos Alexandra , Munsell Brent , Rorden Chris , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Non-fluent speech is one of the most common impairments in post-stroke aphasia. The rehabilitation of non-fluent speech in aphasia is particularly challenging as patients are rarely able to produce and practice fluent speech production. Speech entrainment is a behavioural technique that enables patients with non-fluent aphasia to speak fluently. However, its mechanisms are not well understood and the level of improved fluency with speech entrainment varies among individuals with non-fluent aphasia. In this study, we evaluated the behavioural and neuroanatomical factors associated with better speech fluency with the aid of speech entrainment during the training phase of speech entrainment. We used a lesion-symptom mapping approach to define the relationship between chronic stroke location on MRI and the number of different words per second produced during speech entrainment versus picture description spontaneous speech. The behavioural variable of interest was the speech entrainment/picture description ratio, which, if ≥1, indicated an increase in speech output during speech entrainment compared to picture description. We used machine learning (shallow neural network) to assess the statistical significance and out-of-sample predictive accuracy of the neuroanatomical model, and its regional contributors. We observed that better assisted speech (higher speech entrainment/picture description ratio) was achieved by individuals who had preservation of the posterior middle temporal gyrus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus, while exhibiting lesions in areas typically associated with non-fluent aphasia, such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus, precentral, inferior frontal, supramarginal and insular cortices. Our findings suggest that individuals with dorsal stream damage but preservation of ventral stream structures are more likely to achieve more fluent speech with the aid of speech entrainment compared to spontaneous speech. This observation provides insight into the mechanisms of non-fluent speech in aphasia and has potential implications for future research using speech entrainment for rehabilitation of non-fluent aphasia.
To be or not to be pink(1): contradictory findings in an animal model for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: de Haas Ria , Heltzel Lisa C M W , Tax Denise , van den Broek Petra , Steenbreker Hilbert , Verheij Michel M M , Russel Frans G M , Orr Adam L , Nakamura Ken , Smeitink Jan A M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 knockout rat (Pink1−/−) is marketed as an established model for Parkinson’s disease, characterized by development of motor deficits and progressive degeneration of half the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta by 8 months of age. In this study, we address our concerns about the reproducibility of the Pink1−/− rat model. We evaluated behavioural function, number of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and extracellular striatal dopamine concentrations by in vivo microdialysis. Strikingly, we and others failed to observe any loss of dopaminergic neurons in 8-month-old male Pink1−/− rats. To understand this variability, we compared key experimental parameters from the different studies and provide explanations for contradictory findings. Although Pink1−/− rats developed behavioural deficits, these could not be attributed to nigrostriatal degeneration as there was no loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and no changes in neurotransmitter levels in the striatum. To maximize the benefit of Parkinson’s disease research and limit the unnecessary use of laboratory animals, it is essential that the research community is aware of the limits of this animal model. Additional research is needed to identify reasons for inconsistency between Pink1−/− rat colonies and why degeneration in the substantia nigra is not consistent.
Plasma hsa_circ_0027089 is a diagnostic biomarker for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Kai , Zhan Hao , Peng Yuanfei , Yang Liuxiao , Gao Qiang , Jia Hao , Dai Zhi , Tang Zhaoyou , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been identified as a new member of endogenous noncoding RNAs. CircRNAs exhibit high stability and can thus can be used as valuable biomarkers for monitoring the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study sought to explore the diagnostic significance of plasma circRNAs in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Plasma circRNAs from 10 patients with hepatitis B (HBV)-related HCC and 5 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis were investigated by microarray to screen differentially expressed circRNAs, 157 upregulated and 161 downregulated circRNAs were found. Twenty-four circRNAs were further investigated via quantitative reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay in a training cohort (n = 48), hsa_circ_0027089 exhibited the highest significance and further distinguished 64 HCC patients from 40 cirrhosis patients and 72 healthy participants in a validation cohort. These results indicate that plasma hsa_circ_0027089 can serve as a new marker for the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC.
Diarrhea as a Potential Cause and Consequence of Reduced Gut Microbial Diversity Among Undernourished Children in Peru
Authors: Rouhani Saba , Griffin Nicholas W , Yori Pablo Peñataro , Gehrig Jeanette L , Olortegui Maribel Paredes , Salas Mery Siguas , Trigoso Dixner Rengifo , Moulton Lawrence H , Houpt Eric R , Barratt Michael J , Kosek Margaret N , Gordon Jeffrey I 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDetrimental effects of diarrhea on child growth and survival are well documented, but details of the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent evidence demonstrates that perturbations to normal development of the gut microbiota in early life may contribute to growth faltering and susceptibility to related childhood diseases. We assessed associations between diarrhea, gut microbiota configuration, and childhood growth in the Peruvian Amazon.MethodsGrowth, diarrhea incidence, illness, pathogen infection, and antibiotic exposure were assessed monthly in a birth cohort of 271 children aged 0–24 months. Gut bacterial diversity and abundances of specific bacterial taxa were quantified by sequencing 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Linear and generalized linear models were used to determine whether diarrhea was associated with altered microbiota and, in turn, if features of the microbiota were associated with the subsequent risk of diarrhea.ResultsDiarrheal frequency, duration, and severity were negatively associated with bacterial diversity and richness (P &lt; .05). Children born stunted (length-for-age z-score [LAZ] ≤ −2) who were also severely stunted (LAZ ≤ −3) at the time of sampling exhibited the greatest degree of diarrhea-associated reductions in bacterial diversity and the slowest recovery of bacterial diversity after episodes of diarrhea. Increased bacterial diversity was predictive of reduced subsequent diarrhea from age 6 to 18 months.ConclusionsPersistent, severe growth faltering may reduce the gut microbiota's resistance and resilience to diarrhea, leading to greater losses of diversity and longer recovery times. This phenotype, in turn, denotes an increased risk of future diarrheal disease and growth faltering.
Gut Microbiota Features Associated With Campylobacter Burden and Postnatal Linear Growth Deficits in a Peruvian Birth Cohort
Authors: Rouhani Saba , Griffin Nicholas W , Yori Pablo Peñataro , Olortegui Maribel Paredes , Siguas Salas Mery , Rengifo Trigoso Dixner , Moulton Lawrence H , Houpt Eric R , Barratt Michael J , Kosek Margaret N , Gordon Jeffrey I 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCampylobacter infection is associated with impaired growth of children, even in the absence of symptoms. To examine the underlying mechanisms, we evaluated associations between Campylobacter infection, linear growth, and fecal microbial community features in a prospective birth cohort of 271 children with a high burden of diarrhea and stunting in the Amazonian lowlands of Peru.MethodsCampylobacter was identified using a broadly reactive, genus-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 16S rRNA-based analyses were used to identify bacterial taxa in fecal samples at ages 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (N = 928). Associations between infection, growth, and gut microbial community composition were investigated using multiple linear regression adjusting for within-child correlations, age, and breastfeeding. Indicator species analyses identified taxa specifically associated with Campylobacter burden.ResultsNinety-three percent (251) of children had Campylobacter present in asymptomatic fecal samples during the follow-up period. A 10% increase in the proportion of stools infected was associated with mean reductions of 0.02 length-for-age z scores (LAZ) at 3, 6, and 9 months thereafter (P &lt; .01). We identified 13 bacterial taxa indicative of cumulative Campylobacter burden and 14 taxa significantly associated with high or low burden of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, norovirus, or Giardia.ConclusionsCampylobacter infection is common in this cohort and associated with changes in microbial community composition. These results support the notion that disruptions to the fecal microbiota may help explain the observed effects of asymptomatic infections on growth in early life.
Comparison of outcomes in infected cardiovascular implantable electronic devices between complete, partial, and failed lead removal: an ESC-EHRA-EORP ELECTRa (European Lead Extraction ConTrolled) registry
Authors: Nof Eyal , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Auricchio Angelo , Butter Christian , Dagres Nikolaos , Deharo Jean-Claude , Rinaldi Christopher A , Maggioni Aldo P , Kutarski Andrzej , Kennergren Charles , Laroche Cécile , Milman Anat , Beinart Roy , Bogdan Stefan , Mortsell David , Calvi Valeria , Desiron Quentin , Mansourati Jacques , Blomstrom Lundqvist Carina , Glikson Michael ,   On behalf of the ELECTRa Investigators
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
The present study sought to determine predictors for success and outcomes of patients who underwent cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) extraction indicated for systemic or local CIED related infection in particular where complete lead removal could not be achieved.

Methods and results
ESC-EORP ELECTRa (European Lead Extraction ConTRolled Registry) is a European prospective lead extraction registry. Out of the total cohort, 1865/3510 (52.5%) patients underwent removal due to CIED related infection. Predictors and outcomes of failure were analysed. Complete removal was achieved in 1743 (93.5%) patients, partial (&lt;4 cm of lead left) in 88 (4.7%), and failed (&gt;4 cm of lead left) in 32 (1.8%) patients. Removal success was unrelated to type of CIED infection (pocket or systemic). Predictors for failure were older leads and older patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.14 (1.08–1.19), P &lt; 0.0001 and OR 2.68 (1.22–5.91), P = 0.0146, respectively]. In analysis by lead, predictors for failure were: pacemaker vs. defibrillator removal and failure to engage the locking stylet all the way to the tip [OR 0.20 (0.04–0.95), P = 0.03 and OR 0.32 (0.13–0.74), P = 0.008, respectively]. Significantly higher complication rates were noted in the failure group (40.6% vs. 15.9 for partial and 8.7% for success groups, P &lt; 0.0001). Failure to remove a lead was a strong predictor for in hospital mortality [hazard ratio of 2.05 (1.01–4.16), P = 0.046].

Conclusion
A total of 6.5% of infected CIED patients failed attempted extraction. Only were &gt;4 cm of lead remained resulted in higher procedural complications and mortality rates.