bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of plant richness patterns of Mediterranean riparian forests at local and regional scales have bottom‐up and top‐down effects
Authors: Leo María , Calleja Juan A. , Lara Francisco , Garilleti Ricardo , Medina Nagore G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionsIt has been long recognized that community species richness depends on factors operating at different spatial scales. Most frequently, across‐scale studies have focused on the impact of regional factors on local richness (top‐down effects) while few have analyzed the importance of local factors on regional richness (bottom‐up) and even fewer have tried to integrate effects on both directions. Our objectives were to reveal the key factors shaping plant species richness of Mediterranean riparian forests and to test whether empirical models based on top‐down or bottom‐up relationships are able to explain the spatial scaling of richness.LocationSouthern half of Spain, SW Europe.MethodsWe designed two structural equation models integrating relationships between biotic and abiotic variables at two spatial scales, local and regional. Our models incorporated observed richness of 689 riparian woody communities.ResultsLocal‐scale richness depended mostly on local climate, lithology and sediment textures. Regional species richness was driven by climate, lithology and water regime. In the top‐down model, regional to local effects were driven mostly by the influence of regional richness on local richness. However, we also detected several bottom‐up effects linking local climate, abiotic habitat and vegetation structure with the regional richness. In the bottom‐up model, results were very similar, adding an effect of regional climate on local richness.ConclusionsLocal, regional and across‐scales factors are crucial for understanding species richness of Mediterranean riparian forests. Some factors are inherent to riparian habitats whereas others are already known as relevant for upland habitats. We provide support for the top‐down models relying on the concepts of species pool and environmental filtering. However, we also stress that local‐scale processes influence regional species richness. Bottom‐up effects should not be underestimated when studying the spatial scaling of biodiversity.
Premature battery depletion due to compromised low‐voltage capacitor in a family of defibrillators
Authors: Montgomery Jay A. , Sensing Janice Y. , Saunders Sandra D. , Clair Walter K. , Abraham Robert L. , Kanagasundram Arvindh N. , Ellis Christopher R. , Crossley George H. , Shoemaker Moore Benjamin , Saavedra Pablo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBoston Scientific (Marlborough, MA, USA) implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT‐Ds) manufactured between 2008 and 2014 are potentially subject to premature battery depletion through a low‐voltage capacitor malfunction occurring as a result of hydrogen buildup within the device. Although some of these devices are currently under advisory, other devices manufactured during this timeframe carry a lower risk of the same malfunction. These same devices are known to have superior longevity in general, and the overall mean lifespan of the devices remains long.MethodsAll patients implanted or followed at our two centers who experienced premature battery depletion and had a Boston Scientific ICD or CRT‐D potentially at risk for low‐voltage capacitor malfunction were studied retrospectively.ResultsNineteen out of 838 patients (2.3%) with devices potentially at risk have had premature battery depletion: 5.7% of those under advisory and 1.1% of those not under advisory. None of our patients had compromised therapy, and all had >27 days of projected battery longevity remaining.ConclusionsUndetected premature battery depletion in this population of ICDs has the potential to expose a patient to an interval of time where the device is unable to provide therapy. However, with enrollment in remote monitoring, regular follow‐up, and attention to audible alerts, the risk of therapy loss due to low‐voltage state can be effectively mitigated. For these reasons, prophylactic generator replacement is not recommended.
Influence of Clinical, Psychological, and Psychophysical Variables on Long‐term Treatment Outcomes in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Evidence From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , de‐la‐Llave‐Rincón Ana I. , Cescon Corrado , Barbero Marco , Arias‐Buría José L. , Falla Deborah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of clinical, psychological, and psychophysical variables on long‐term clinical outcomes after the application of either physical therapy or surgery in women presenting with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsA secondary analysis of a randomized trial investigating the efficacy of manual therapy including desensitization maneuvers of the central nervous system against surgery in 120 women with CTS was performed. Clinical outcomes including pain intensity, function, or symptom severity were assessed at 6 and 12 months post‐intervention. Participants completed at baseline several clinical (pain intensity, function, and symptom severity), psychological (depression), and psychophysical (pressure pain thresholds and pain extent) variables, which were included as predictors. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between baseline variables and clinical outcomes at 6 and 12 months post‐intervention.ResultsThe regression models indicated that higher scores of each clinical outcome (ie, intensity of pain or symptom severity) at baseline predicted better outcomes at 6 and 12 months post‐intervention (from 15% to 65% of variance) in both groups. Lower pressure pain thresholds over the carpal tunnel at baseline predicted poorer clinical outcomes at 6 and 12 months post‐intervention (from 5% to 20% of variance) in the physical therapy group, whereas higher depressive symptoms at baseline contributed to poorer outcomes at 6 and 12 months post‐intervention (from 5% to 15% of the variance) within the surgery group.ConclusionThis study found that baseline localized pressure pain sensitivity and depression were predictive of long‐term clinical outcomes in women with CTS following physical therapy or surgery, respectively.
Trust and Risk Perception: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Siegrist Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany studies in the field of risk perception and acceptance of hazards include trust as an explanatory variable. Despite this, the importance of trust has often been questioned. The relevant issue is not only whether trust is crucial but also the form of trust that people rely on in a given situation. In this review, I discuss various trust models and the relationship between trust and affect heuristics. I conclude that the importance of trust varies by hazard and respondent group. Most of the studies use surveys that provide limited information about causality. Future research should focus more on experiments that test whether trust is a consequence of people's attitudes or influences their attitudes toward a technology. Furthermore, there is a need for a better understanding about the factors that determine which heuristics people rely on when evaluating hazards.
The effect of gender on survival for hemodialysis patients: Why don't women live longer than men?
Authors: Vongsanim Surachet , Davenport Andrew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWomen in the general population have a survival advantage over men, but this advantage is not sustained in end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients treated by hemodialysis. To understand why gender may affect survival we need to understand confounders which may affect dialysis practices. The current paradigm is to prescribe hemodialysis to achieve a target dialyzer urea clearance adjusted to total body water volume (Kt/Vurea). Estimated glomerular filtration calculated from serum creatinine is often used to determine when patients start dialysis; as creatinine generation rates are lower in women, this may potentially result in a lead time bias with male patients starting dialysis earlier than females. When hemodialysis dose is scaled to total body water (Kt/Vurea) women receive shorter dialysis session times. Scaling dialysis for body surface area may be more appropriate since urea generation (a surrogate for uremic toxin production) depends upon resting energy expenditure (ie, cellular metabolism) which reflects internal organ sizes. Resting energy expenditure is proportionally greater for smaller people. Women are generally smaller than men and as such have smaller sized internal organs. However, when comparing individuals, then internal organ size is best adjusted for using body surface area, not body water. The shorter, resultant dialysis session also results in lower middle molecule clearances, increases fluid removal rates and the risk of intra‐dialytic hypotension; the latter potentially results in earlier loss of residual renal function. Observational studies report that the association between survival and dialyzer Kt/Vurea is improved after adjustment for body surface area, or energy expenditure. These studies also demonstrated that the conventional prescription of hemodialysis based on current Kt/Vurea targets leads to less treatment delivered to women. These multiple consequences of the generally smaller size of women compared with men may account for the unexpectedly higher relative mortality for women. As such, prospective studies investigating alternative scaling parameters are required to confirm that increasing dialysis treatments for women improves survival.
Concurrent training performed with and without repetitions to failure in older men: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Teodoro Juliana L. , da Silva Larissa X. Neves , Fritsch Carolina G. , Baroni Bruno M. , Grazioli Rafael , Boeno Francesco P. , Lopez Pedro , Gentil Paulo , Bottaro Martim , Pinto Ronei S. , Izquierdo Mikel , Cadore Eduardo L. 
Published: May 2019

This study compared the effects of 20 weeks of concurrent training with and without repetitions to failure on neuromuscular and functional adaptations in older men.MethodsThirty‐six older men (67.1 ± 5.1 years) were randomized into three groups: one performing repetitions to failure (RFG, n = 13), another performing repetitions not to failure and 50% of the repetitions of the RFG (NFG, n = 12), and a third performing repetitions not to failure with equal training volume of the RFG (ENFG, n = 11). Training was performed twice a week for 20 weeks at intensities ranging from 65% to 80% of maximal strength. In each session, the individuals started with strengthening exercises and then performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill. Before and after the intervention, individuals were assessed for their one repetition maximum (1RM) for leg press (LP) and knee extension (KE) exercises, knee extensors’ isometric peak torque (PTiso), and rate of torque development (RTD) at 50 ms, 100 ms, and 250 ms, muscle thickness of the quadriceps, as well as functional performance on sit‐to‐stand, and timed up and go tests.ResultsAfter training, there were significant (P < 0.001) increases in the LP and KE 1RM, PTiso, and RTD outcomes in all groups. Also, there were significant increases in muscle thickness of the quadriceps and in the sit‐to‐stand test (P < 0.05) in all groups. No significant differences were observed between groups in any outcome.ConclusionConcurrent training using repetitions to concentric failure did not promote additional benefits for neuromuscular function, muscle thickness, or functional capacity of older individuals.
Resilience, Adaptation, and Inertia: Lessons from Disaster Recovery in a Time of Climate Change
Authors: Plein Christopher 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo examine and assess sociocultural or socioeconomic inertia as an impediment to effective climate change policy response and practice.MethodsTwo core concepts to climate change policy response, “resilience” and “adaptation,” are seen as critical in disaster recovery strategies and practice. As ideal types, these concepts are coalescing in theory and gaining acceptance in the professional community, but not necessarily in practice. These concepts are explored through a study of disaster recovery efforts following the West Virginia floods of 2016.ResultsDisaster recovery strategies based on ideal forms of resilience and adaptation face significant barriers to adoption and practice. Disjunction between theory and practice constitutes one form of inertia. Other contributing factors include individual and collective behavior that resists change through social justification and insular forms of social capital. Institutional drag, in the form of waning political will and limited administrative capacity, also impedes adoption and use.ConclusionSociocultural and socioeconomic inertia challenge the development of effective policies and practices to address climate change; social science can contribute to our understanding of these sources of constraint.
Changes in landscape evolution patterns in the northern Swiss Alpine Foreland during the mid-Pleistocene revolution
Authors: Claude Anne , Akçar Naki , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Schlunegger Fritz , Kubik Peter W. , Christl Marcus , Vockenhuber Christof , Kuhlemann Joachim , Rahn Meinert , Schlüchter Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe northern Swiss Alpine Foreland exemplifies a highly transient landscape characterized by multiple knickzones along the trunk valleys and distinct bedrock straths at their junction with tributary valleys. This landscape has evolved as a result of fast base level changes in response to repeated glaciations during the Quaternary. As the archives related to the evolution of this transient landscape are scarce, available quantitative information is limited, especially for the early and middle Pleistocene. In order to track the pace of the landscape evolution in the northern Swiss Alpine Foreland during the Pleistocene, in this study, we focus on the Deckenschotter sequences, the oldest Quaternary terrestrial sedimentary archives on the northern margin of the Central European Alps. These deposits have been morphostratigraphically divided into two: Höhere (Higher; HDS) and Tiefere (Lower; TDS) Deckenschotter. We analyzed seven different sites extending from Basel in the west to Schaffhausen in the east of Switzerland for the provenance signal, and we dated these archives by depth-profile and isochron-burial dating techniques with 10Be, 26Al, and 36Cl. Investigations on the petrographic compositions of the deposits revealed distinct provenances for the HDS and TDS deposits. During HDS time, the Alpine Rhine drained through Lake Constance and into the Danube River. Rerouting of the river toward the west and into the Upper Rhine Valley occurred between the end of HDS and the beginning of TDS accumulation. The results of the depth-profile and isochron-burial dating suggest that the HDS deposits accumulated at around 2 Ma as a result of a first widespread Alpine glaciation, whereas the TDS was deposited at around 1 Ma. Based on the provenance and the chronological information, we propose a scenario where the Rhine River captured the Alpine sources of the Danube and thus increased its runoff and enhanced its baseline lowering. Consequently, the landscape evolution has been accelerated possibly in response not only to the larger runoff but also to the climate change associated with the mid-Pleistocene revolution.
Rapid cooling history of a Neotethyan ophiolite: Evidence for contemporaneous subduction initiation and metamorphic sole formation
Authors: Parlak Osman , Dunkl István , Karaoğlan Fatih , Kusky Timothy M. , Zhang Chao , Wang Lu , Koepke Jürgen , Billor Zeki , Hames Willis E. , Şimşek Emrah , Şimşek Gökçe , Şimşek Tuğçe , Öztürk Selena Ezgi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Beyşehir-Hoyran Nappes, including Mesozoic carbonate platform rocks, deep-sea sediments, and ophiolite-related units, crop out extensively on the western limb of the Isparta Angle in the Central Taurides, Turkey. The ophiolite-related rocks are represented by variably serpentinized harzburgitic mantle tectonites, tectonically underlain by a subophiolitic metamorphic sole and mélange. The harzburgitic mantle tectonites and metamorphic sole are intruded by undeformed isolated dikes. Protoliths of the metamorphic sole are similar to within-plate alkali basalts and associated sediments. The isolated dikes were geochemically derived mainly from tholeiitic magma and, to a lesser extent, from alkaline magma. Five isolated dike samples yielded U-Pb ages ranging from 90.8 ± 1.6 Ma to 87.6 ± 2.1 Ma (zircon) and from 102.3 ± 7.4 Ma to 87.5 ± 7.9 Ma (titanite). Seven amphibolite samples yielded U-Pb age ranges of 91.1 ± 2.1–88.85 ± 1.0 Ma (zircon) and 94.0 ± 4.8–90.0 ± 9.4 Ma (titanite) and a 40Ar-39Ar age range of 93.7 ± 0.3–91.4 ± 0.4 Ma (hornblende). U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar ages of mineral phases with different closure temperatures (∼900–500 °C) from the isolated dikes and metamorphic sole rocks are almost identical and overlapping within 1σ, suggesting that both the magmatic growth of oceanic crust and formation of metamorphic sole were contemporaneous and cooled very rapidly. Hence, all the data should be interpreted as the crystallization ages of the ophiolite and metamorphic sole pair. Genesis of suprasubduction zone–type oceanic crust, genesis and exhumation of the metamorphic sole, and postmetamorphic dike emplacement within the Inner Tauride Ocean can be best explained by subduction initiation and rollback processes during the Late Cretaceous based on petrological and geochronological data obtained from the ophiolitic rocks of the Beyşehir-Hoyran Nappes.
Prevalence and relationship between burnout and depression in our future doctors: a cross-sectional study in a cohort of preclinical and clinical medical students in Ireland
Authors: Fitzpatrick Orla , Biesma Regien , Conroy Ronán M , McGarvey Alice 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThis cross-sectional study was designed to measure burnout and its impact on risk of depression in a medical student population, comparing the preclinical and clinical years.DesignWe conducted a survey of 269 medical school students in both preclinical and clinical years at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, using the Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and items assessing willingness to use mental health services. Burnout scores were calibrated to probability of depression caseness and classified as low risk (<25%), intermediate (25%–50%) and high risk (>50%) of depression.ResultsThere was a 39% (95% CI 33% to 45%) prevalence of depressive caseness based on a score of ≥6 on the BDI-FS. Prevalence did not vary significantly between clinical and preclinical years. The rate of burnout varied significantly between years (p=0.032), with 35% in the high-burnout category in clinical years compared with 26% in preclinical years. Those in the low burnout category had a 13% overall prevalence of depressive symptoms, those in the intermediate category had a 38% prevalence and those in the high category had a 66% prevalence of depressive symptoms. Increasing emotional exhaustion (OR for one—tertile increase in score 2.0, p=0.011) and decreasing academic efficacy (OR 2.1, p=0.007) increased the odds of being unwilling to seek help for mental health problems (11%).ConclusionWhile previous studies have reported significant levels of burnout and depression, our method of calibrating burnout against depression allows burnout scores to be interpreted in terms of their impact on mental health. The high prevalences, in line with previous research, point to an urgent need to rethink the psychological pressures of health professions education.
Anaesthesia-related complications and side-effects in TAVI: a retrospective study in Germany
Authors: Goldfuss Sophia , Wittmann Sigrid , Würschinger Fabian , Bitzinger Diane , Seyfried Timo , Holzamer Andreas , Fischer Marcus , Camboni Daniele , Sinner Barbara , Zausig York Alexander 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThis study was performed to analyse anaesthesia-related complications and side effects in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) under general anaesthesia.DesignRetrospective study.SettingThe study was performed as a single-centre study in a hospital of tertiary care in Germany.ParticipantsAll 853 patients, who underwent TAVI at the Universitätsklinikum Regensburg between January 2009 and July 2015, were included. 52.5% were female patients.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe gathered information, such as recent illness, vital parameters and medication administered during the intervention and postoperatively for 12 hours. We analysed all anaesthesia-related complications and anaesthesia-related side effects that occurred during the intervention and entire hospital stay.ResultsWe analysed all 853 TAVI procedures. The mean patient age was 79 ± 6 years. In 99.5% of cases, we used volatile-based anaesthesia. 2.8% (n=24; transfemoral (TF): n=19 [3.8%]; transapical (TA): n=5 [1.4%]) of all cases suffered from anaesthesia-related complications. 819 (TF: n=447; TA: n=372) anaesthesia-related side effects occurred in 586 (68.7%, TF: n=325 [64.2%], TA: n=261 [75.2%]) patients. Neither the complications nor the side effects had any serious consequences. Intraoperative hypothermia in 44% of cases (TF: n=202 [39.9%]; TA: n=173 [49.9%]) and postoperative nausea and vomiting in 27% (n=232; TF: n=131 [25.9%], TA: n=101 [29.1%]) of cases were the most common anaesthesia-related side effects.ConclusionIn this study, serious anaesthesia-related complications were rarely seen, and non-critical anaesthesia-related side effects could have been avoided through consistent prophylaxis and management. Therefore, despite their high anaesthetic risk, general anaesthesia is justifiable in patients who underwent TAVI.
Endovascular treatment for large vessel occlusion stroke in patients with ventricular assist devices
Authors: Kadono Yoshinori , Nakamura Hajime , Saito Shunsuke , Nishida Takeo , Takagaki Masatoshi , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Asai Katsunori , Murakami Tomoaki , Todo Kenichi , Fujinaka Toshiyuki , Sakaguchi Manabu , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki , Kishima Haruhiko 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundEmbolic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is a major adverse event during ventricular assist device (VAD) support. In this study we aimed to clarify the efficacy of, and problems associated with, endovascular treatment (EVT) of LVO in patients with VAD support.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed EVT for LVO in patients with VAD support between 2006 and 2017 at our institute and evaluated baseline characteristics, treatment variables, outcomes, and complications.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 12 consecutive patients (age 35.4±20.4 years), with 15 LVO events involving 20 arterial occlusions, who had undergone EVT. The median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score was 10 and good collaterals were observed in 10 of 17 occluded middle cerebral artery areas. No study patients had received intravenous thrombolysis therapy. EVT was performed on 18 of the 20 occluded arteries and mechanical thrombectomy on 13 vessels. The successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade ≥2 b) rate was 67% in all EVTs and 85% with mechanical thrombectomy. Histological analysis showed fibrin-rich thrombi in four of five samples. Seven of 12 patients (58%) maintained their neurological function (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 or equal to pre-stroke score) at 90 days. Periprocedural complications comprised two symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages and the 90-day mortality rate was 13%. Seven of 10 cardiac transplant candidates (70%) returned to the waiting list and three of them received transplants.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy for acute LVO stroke is feasible even in patients with VAD support.