bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Athletes vs. Musicians: Perceptions and Preferences in Workplace Social Programs
Authors: Celse J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the intrinsic preferences for athletic versus musical events in the context of workplace social programs and explores the differing outcomes these events are perceived to generate. Empirical evidence consistently shows that individuals with athletic backgrounds are favoured in the job market, receiving better wages and benefits than their nonathlete counterparts because of stereotypes about their managerial qualities, stress handling and team spirit. In contrast, music participation is often undervalued, with musicians facing wage disparities and discrimination despite the cognitive and emotional benefits associated with music playing and listening. Through a vignette study, this research identifies that participants prefer athletes for events aimed at team cohesion and musicians for events designed to enhance creative skills. The findings highlight a type of job market discrimination based on preferences for workplace programs, emphasizing the role of stereotypes in shaping these preferences. The study contributes to the understanding of how workplace social programs are designed and the underlying biases that influence these decisions, offering insights into the mechanisms of job market discrimination and the potential for more inclusive program design that recognizes the value of both athletic and musical participation.
Numerical simulation and its optimization of cold air pools in the Lanzhou Valley
Authors: Ma Minjin , Kang Guoqiang , Zhao Zhenzhu , Cao Yidan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPersistent cold air pools (CAPs) trap pollutants in valleys for extended periods, leading to reduced visibility and increased air pollution within these valleys. The structure of the persistent cold air pool that occurred in the Lanzhou Valley in December 2016 was simulated using different Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) scenarios of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the simulation of the persistent cold air pool was further optimized in these PBL scenarios. The simulation results indicated that weather‐scale dry subsidence and nighttime ground radiation cooling were significant factors contributing to the accumulation of persistent CAPs and pollutants in the Lanzhou Valley. In contrast, convective lifting from the ground led to the dissipation of persistent CAPs and a reduction in pollution within the valley. During persistent CAPs, the PM2.5 concentration and valley heat deficit (Q) were 66.7% and 62% higher, respectively, than during non‐CAP. In the original MYNN scheme, the average PBL height, double turbulent kinetic energy (QKE), and turbulence length scale during persistent CAPs decreased by 30.79%, 50.5%, and 34.4%, respectively, compared to non‐CAP. Compared with the original MYNN scheme, the optimized MYNN scheme shows a significant improvement in the turbulence simulation during the sustained CAPs, resulting in a more stable atmosphere. The PBL height during the sustained CAPs is reduced by 28 m, the diurnal turbulence length scale is reduced by 31.62%, the stability parameter is reduced by 39%, the diurnal mean QKE is reduced by 27.45%, and the QKE impact height is reduced by 100–400 m.
Prospective acceleration of whole‐brain CEST imaging by golden‐angle view ordering in Cartesian coordinates and joint k‐space and image‐space parallel imaging (KIPI)
Authors: Zu Tao , Yong Xingwang , Dai Zhechuan , Jiang Tongling , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Lu Shanshan , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo prospectively accelerate whole‐brain CEST acquisition by joint k‐space and image‐space parallel imaging (KIPI) with a proposed golden‐angle view ordering technique (GAVOT) in Cartesian coordinates.Theory and MethodsThe T2‐decay effect will vary across frames with variable acceleration factors (AF) in the prospective acquisition using sequences with long echo trains. The GAVOT method uses a subset strategy to eliminate the T2‐decay inconsistency, where all frames use a subset of shots from the calibration frame to form their k‐space view ordering. The golden‐angle rule is adapted to ensure uniform k‐space coverage for arbitrary AFs in Cartesian coordinates. Phantom and in vivo studies were conducted on a 3 T scanner.ResultsThe GAVOT view ordering yielded a higher g‐factor than conventional uniformly centric ordering, whereas the noise propagation in amide proton transfer (APT) weighted images was similar between different view ordering. Compared to centric ordering, GAVOT successfully eliminated the T2‐decay inconsistency across all frames, resulting in fewer image artifacts for both KIPI and conventional parallel imaging methods. The synergy of GAVOT and KIPI mitigated strong aliasing artifacts and achieved high‐quality reconstruction of prospective variable‐AF datasets. GAVOT‐KIPI reduced the scan time to 2.1 min for whole‐brain APT weighted imaging and 4.7 min for quantitative APT signal (APT#) mapping.ConclusionGAVOT makes the prospective variable AF strategy flexible and practical, and, in conjunction with KIPI, ensures high‐quality reconstruction from highly undersampled data, facilitating the clinical translation of whole‐brain CEST imaging.
The effects of maternal flow on placental diffusion‐weighted MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion parameters
Authors: Hutchinson George Jack , Blakey Adam , Jones Nia , Leach Lopa , Dellschaft Neele , Houston Paul , Hubbard Matthew , O'Dea Reuben , Gowland Penny Anne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and explain observed features of the placental DWI signal in healthy and compromised pregnancies using a mathematical model of maternal blood flow.MethodsThirteen healthy and nine compromised third trimester pregnancies underwent pulse gradient spin echo DWI MRI, with the results compared to MRI data simulated from a 2D mathematical model of maternal blood flow through the placenta. Both sets of data were fitted to an intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model, and a rebound model (defined within text), which described voxels that did not decay monotonically. Both the in vivo and simulated placentas were split into regions of interest (ROIs) to analyze how the signal varies and how IVIM and rebounding parameters change across the placental width.ResultsThere was good agreement between the in vivo MRI data, and the data simulated from the mathematical model. Both sets of data included voxels showing a rebounding signal and voxels showing fast signal decay focused near the maternal side of the placenta. In vivo we found higher in the uterine wall and near the maternal side of the placenta, with the slow diffusion coefficient reduced in all ROIs in compromised pregnancy.ConclusionA simulation based entirely on maternal blood explains key features observed in placental DWI, indicating the importance of maternal blood flow in interpreting placental MRI data, and providing potential new metrics for understanding changes in compromised placentas.
Exploring the need for a preload on the estimation of permeability, vessel radius, and relative cerebral blood volume in MR vascular fingerprinting–based dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging
Authors: van Dorth Daniëlle , Venugopal Krishnapriya , van der Werff Karen N. , Smits Marion , Warnert Esther A. H. , Hernandez‐Tamames Juan A. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Poot Dirk H. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeDynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is commonly part of the clinical brain tumor imaging protocol. Usually, a preload of contrast agent is administered to minimize contrast‐leakage T1 effects. However, recent studies have indicated that with adaptation of scan parameters (in particular, low flip angle), a preload is not required. For advanced approaches, like MR vascular fingerprinting (MRVF), which is based on combining gradient‐echo and spin‐echo readouts, excitation flip angles cannot easily be reduced, but postprocessing might alleviate leakage effects. In this study, the aim was to verify whether DSC‐MRVF can be performed without preload.MethodsA previously established simulation model was used to create a dictionary of DSC‐MRVF signals resulting from a double‐bolus injection with varying input values for permeability, vessel radius, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). A sensitivity analysis based on a Cramer Rao Lower Bound approach was performed, from which the logarithmic ratio of standard deviations for parameter estimation was derived. A ratio above zero corresponded with a better determination without preload. Two brain tumor patients were included for validation.ResultsThe results show that the standard deviation for determining permeability was lower without preload, whereas for determining rCBV, the opposite result was found. For vessel radius, the standard deviation was similar with and without preload. The in vivo data reasonably agreed with the simulation results.ConclusionThis work has shown the potential of DSC‐MRVF with a single bolus injection for determining vessel radius and permeability, although for rCBV, a preload is still advisable.
Policy Learning for National Advantage and Sovereign Governance in Non‐Western Contexts: Comparing Public Management Reforms in Azerbaijan, Malaysia, and Kazakhstan
Authors: Karini Artan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPolicy transfer literature as a strand within policy studies highlights “national context” as crucial to understanding processes of transfer, convergence, and diffusion across contexts. While the policy transfer framework associated with it more specifically identifies “facilitators” and “constraints” of such national context as key to international policy learning based on doctrines such as NPM (New Public Management) and the like, policy scholars and practitioners have been struggling not only with the puzzle of “who learns what from whom” but also “how are policy lessons learned?” Based on these underpinnings, this paper attempts to compare public management reforms in Azerbaijan, Malaysia, and Kazakhstan, three “upper/middle‐income” countries situated respectively in South Caucasus, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia, which share in common features including post‐Soviet/post‐colonial legacy, relative economic prosperity, and Muslim‐majority populations. Relying on the policy transfer framework and ethnographic empirical research in Baku, Kuala Lumpur, and Astana during July 2022 to August 2023, the findings reveal an increasing “creativity” of these regimes in terms of adopting “policy learning” to fit their “sovereignty” agenda, often masking their autocratic nature and likely causing policy communication gaps between political principals, bureaucrats, and the citizenry. The latter coupled with evidence of an increasing influence of ethno‐religious dynamics on reform implementation might as well be interpreted as transfer constraints likely to undermine the effectiveness of lesson‐learning based on global administrative doctrines in order to sustain their national competitive advantages in the long run.
Real‐World Evidence BRIDGE: A Tool to Connect Protocol With Code Programming
Authors: Royo Albert Cid , Elbers JHJ Roel , Weibel Daniel , Hoxhaj Vjola , Kurkcuoglu Zeynep , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. , Vaz Tiago A. , Andaur Navarro Constanza L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo enhance documentation on programming decisions in Real World Evidence (RWE) studies.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed several statistical analysis plans (SAP) within the Vaccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe (VAC4EU) to identify study design sections and specifications for programming RWE studies. We designed a machine‐readable metadata schema containing study sections, codelists, and time anchoring definitions specified in the SAPs with adaptability and user‐friendliness.ResultsWe developed the RWE‐BRIDGE, a metadata schema in form of relational database divided into four study design sections with 12 tables: Study Variable Definition (two tables), Cohort Definition (two tables), Post‐Exposure Outcome Analysis (one table), and Data Retrieval (seven tables). We provide a guide to populate this metadata schema and a Shiny app that checks the tables. RWE‐BRIDGE is available on GitHub (github.com/UMC‐Utrecht‐RWE/RWE‐BRIDGE).DiscussionThe RWE‐BRIDGE has been designed to support the translation of study design sections from statistical analysis plans into analytical pipelines and to adhere to the FAIR principles, facilitating collaboration and transparency between researcher and programmers. This metadata schema strategy is flexible as it can support different common data models and programming languages, and it is adaptable to the specific needs of each SAP by adding further tables or fields, if necessary. Modified versions of the RWE‐BRIGE have been applied in several RWE studies within VAC4EU.ConclusionRWE‐BRIDGE offers a systematic approach to detailing variables, time anchoring, and algorithms for RWE studies. This metadata schema facilitates communication between researcher and programmers.
Unimolecular Decomposition of CL20: Strained Cage Fragmentation
Authors: Prasad Dipak , Mitra Nilanjan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnimolecular decomposition of caged nitroamines, such as CL20, can exhibit numerous decomposition reaction ways. Apart from the conventional, well‐known mechanisms of “nitro fission” and “HONO elimination” observed for other nitroamines, the presence of strained caging leads to “strained cage fragmentation,” as demonstrated in this theoretical study. Detailed potential energy surface of the reaction pathway involving transition steps and activation energy barriers, along with validation of the products against experimental mass spectrometry results of previous experimental investigations in literature, demonstrates the alternative decomposition mechanism. This decomposition mechanism is valid for three different polymorphs of CL20. Based on changes in free energy, this decomposition mechanism (initiated under external stimuli such as shock, temperature rise, or electromagnetic excitation) is shown to be the most probable mechanism for unimolecular decomposition with final products as CO2, N2O, HCN, C2H2, HNO3, HCOOH and HN3O4.
Insights Into the Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Different Parts of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata Based on HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HS‐GC‐IMS
Authors: Chen Jiaxuan , Chen Xue , Zhang Yang , Xie Jingyi , Li Xuejuan , Sun Xuehao , Yin Jiaxin , Bie Songtao , Song Xinbo , Yu Heshui , Li Zheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleThe volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (AKH) play a key role in determining its effects such as organoleptic properties, medicinal properties, and consumer preferences. The nonmedicinal parts (roots, fibrous roots, stems, leaves, and shells) in AKH are also rich in VOCs and different degrees of antibacterial activity. Therefore, it is important to comprehensively characterize the VOCs in different parts of AKH and learn about their potential antimicrobial abilities.MethodsIn this study, headspace gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) were used to comprehensively investigate the compositional characteristics and differences of roots, fibrous roots, stems, leaves, shells, and seeds in AKH. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine the differential VOCs in different parts of AKH. The inhibition zone diameter method was used to compare the antibacterial ability of different parts.ResultsHS‐GC‐IMS and HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS analyses identified 67 and 125 VOCs, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis showed the differences in the six parts is obvious. Compounds such as (E)‐2‐heptenal and thymol were selected as potential VOCs to distinguish six sites of AKH. In general, the inhibition effect of the volatile oils from shell and root on the two colonies was better, and the volatile oils of the four parts of AKH have better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus.ConclusionThis research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental volatile components in AKH. It subsequently elucidated the distinctions and specificities in different parts. The antibacterial effect of volatile oil in different parts was further compared, which was conducive to finding alternative parts for seeds in some active aspects, and the utilization of AKH was more sufficient.
H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ Synchronization of Semi‐Markovian Switching Complex‐Valued Networks With Time‐Varying Delay: A Delay‐Dependent Event‐Triggered Mechanism
Authors: Li Qiang , Wei Hanqing , Gong Weiqiang , Wang Jinling 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the synchronization issue for delayed semi‐Markovian switching complex‐valued networks via the delay‐dependent event‐triggered mechanism. For the first time, in order to reduce the redundant information transmission and the number of false triggers, a novel event‐triggered mechanism is proposed, which involves the network‐induced time delay and the latest triggered signal. Second, based on the proposed delay‐dependent event‐triggered control scheme, the desired results can be realized. Specifically, by utilizing the stochastic analysis technique and Lyapunov stability theory as well as mixed reciprocally convex inequalities, some sufficient less conservative criteria are achieved to ensure the synchronization error system realize the globally asymptotically mean‐square stability with a pre‐established disturbance performance. Furthermore, the expected controller gain matrices can be explicitly designed by solving some solvable matrix inequalities. At the end of paper, an illustrative example with simulations is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed delay‐dependent event‐triggered scheme.
Ergonomic Evaluation of a Walk‐Behind AI‐Based Cotton Fertilizer Applicator
Authors: Chouriya Arjun , Soni Peeyush , Hota Smrutilipi , Thomas E. V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe mechanization of agricultural operations greatly influences both the efficiency of farming operations and the health and safety of farm workers. Human exposure to working environments represents a significant hazard associated with machines and the environment. This research focuses on evaluating the ergonomic aspects of the newly developed artificial intelligence (AI)‐based cotton fertilizer applicator, aiming to assess the potential impact on workers' health, safety, and overall exertion. Ergonomic factors such as heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), energy expenditure rate (EER), physiological work cost, as well as discomfort and posture during use, were assessed at three different operating speeds of the applicator. Results showed that HRs, OCR, and EER ranged from 86 to 109 beats/min, 0.44 to 0.83 L/min, and 9.3 to 17.45 kJ/min, respectively, indicating that the physical demands on workers were within manageable limits. Discomfort was predominantly noted in the palms, attributed to the necessity of controlling the applicator with both hands. Analysis of cardiac effort revealed that 93.75%, 92.70%, and 94.67% of effort was expended during work at speeds of 0.5, 0.8, and 1 km/h, respectively, with the remainder during recovery periods. The workload on the middle deltoid muscle during field operation varied between 10.15%–14.58% for left‐hand controls and 1.85%–3.5% for right‐hand controls. Statistical analysis highlighted significant differences in physiological responses among participants, with ergonomic parameters closely linked to the applicator's forward speed. The study concludes using the developed AI‐based cotton fertilizer applicator does not pose significant health risks to operators, suggesting its ergonomic design effectively mitigates physical strain.
Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ethyl Acetate Extract of Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Leaf
Authors: Choudhary Enna , Kumar Sahil , Bithel Navneet , Biswas Amrita , Das Dipankar , Banerjee Chiranjib 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance towards conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial nanoparticles appeared as one of the best alternatives. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared using ethyl acetate extract of Ageratum houstonianum Mill. leaf. The ZnO NPs were analyzed using different characterization techniques. A characteristic stretching frequency at 498 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum and the XRD result indicated the formation of ZnO. FESEM and HRTEM images revealed that ZnO NPs were spherical‐shaped. The zeta potential data implied that the produced ZnO NPs were anionic (−15.5 mV). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs was performed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and showed the highest efficiency toward S. aureus with a zone of inhibition of 14.3 ± 0.3 mm. Synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 110.59 µg/mL. The in vitro cell study with synthesized ZnO NPs ascertained that the NPs exhibited anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7) with the IC50 value of around 65 µg/mL. Overall, these findings showed that ZnO NPs synthesized using A. houstonianum Mill. leaf extract have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities and could be used for therapeutic applications.
Long‐Cycling, Fast‐Charging Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Nickel‐Carbon Composite Nanosheet Arrays Modified Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Xin , Xu Lei , Niu Shuzhang , Zhang Qicheng , Lian Qing , Xiang Shengling , Mao Zongyu , Han Ye , Huang Yulan , Li Guanting , Zuo Ziteng , Lan Shenglian , Shi Run , Liao Chengzhu , Li Huili , Amini Abbas , Wang Ning , Cheng Chun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anode, one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation rechargeable batteries, has always suffered from uneven Li deposition/stripping. To address this issue, this work designs a novel nickel‐carbon composite modified Li metal anode (FNC‐NF) by carbonizing fluoride nickel hydroxide nanosheet arrays grown on nickel foam (NF). These electrochemical tests present that the conductive and lithiophilic FNC can effectively restrain the growth of Li dendrites during the cycling of Li deposition/stripping at large capacities up to 10 mAh cm−2. This result is attributed to the featured FNC composition combining a core of nickel hydroxide and a mixed coating of defective carbon and Ni nanoparticles, and the unique hierarchical morphology of the FNC‐NF integrating porous NF and vertically aligned FNC nanosheets. Consequently, the FNC‐NF presents a stable coulombic efficiency performance after 900 cycles with an average of 99.23% for half cells, a lifespan over 3200 h for symmetric cells at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, and a remarkable cycling stability at large current densities of up to 15 mA cm−2 at 1 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the Li||FNC‐NF||LiFePO4 full cells show superior capacity retention and cycling stability at 1 C.