bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaemia during pregnancy: could riboflavin deficiency be implicated?
Authors: Duffy Bethany , McNulty Helene , Ward Mary , Pentieva Kristina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anaemia affects more than 36 % of all pregnancies globally and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is widely recognised as the most common nutritional cause of anaemia but other nutrient deficiencies are also implicated, including the B vitamin riboflavin, albeit its role is largely under-investigated and thus typically overlooked. Riboflavin, in its co-factor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), is required for numerous oxidation-reduction reactions, antioxidant function and in the metabolism of other B vitamins and iron. While clinical deficiency of riboflavin is largely confined to low-income countries, sub-clinical (functional) deficiency is much more widespread, including in high-income countries, and is particularly common among women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. Limited observational evidence from high-income populations suggests that suboptimal riboflavin status contributes to an increased risk of anaemia. Furthermore, randomised controlled trials in pregnant women from low- and middle-income countries have demonstrated beneficial effects of riboflavin on haematological status and anaemia. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the contribution of riboflavin deficiency to anaemia, with the strongest evidence pointing to an adverse effect on iron metabolism, given that riboflavin co-factors are required for the release of iron from storage ferritin in the production of red blood cells. Overall, this review investigates riboflavin intakes and status during pregnancy in different populations and evaluates the available evidence for the under-recognised role of riboflavin in the maintenance of haemoglobin concentrations together with its potential to protect against the development of anaemia during pregnancy.
From Dzongkha to English
Authors: Singay  
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the linguistic landscape (LL) study of shop names, street signs, and signboards. However, the LL study of shop names has yet to be studied in Bhutan. More specifically, there is a need to evaluate the relationship between LL and language policy, and signage guideline practices in the shop names. To fill this gap, this study set out to examine the LL of shop names in the main street (Nordzin Lam) of Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan. A quantitative approach was employed to collect photographs of the shop names displayed in front and conspicuous areas. The findings indicate that English is prevalent in all the shop names irrespective of monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual shop signs. In addition, Dzongkha has a high presence in the bilingual signs, but English is the most preferred language of the shop signs. However, there is an inconsistency in the font size and layout of the shop signs. In terms of code preference, shop owners prefer Dzongkha above other languages and are aligned vertically. Taken together, the findings presented in this study add to our understanding of how shop signs adhere to signage guidelines and language policies. Policy implications for the effective implementation of signage guidelines and relevant language policies are discussed.
Geochemical characterization of humic acids and humification processes in lake sediments of West Antarctica
Authors: Guzeva Alina V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on geochemical research into humic acids and humification processes in lakes of West Antarctica, specifically King George Island and Marie Byrd Land. Humic acids were extracted from recent sediments of Antarctic lakes and analysed using high-precision laboratory methods. The experiments included examining the elemental composition and molecular structure of the humic acids. The results show that the organic matter in sediments of the studied lakes has undergone complete humification processes. However, the molecular structure of humic acids is characterized by a predominance of aliphatic fragments and a significant amount of polysaccharides, which is typical of humic substances in the cold climates of Arctic and Antarctic regions. Thus, the humic substances of Antarctic lakes were found to have a very low degree of maturity and were non-resistant to mineralization. These findings are valuable for understanding the full chain of organic matter transformation processes in Antarctic ecosystems and the global carbon cycle on Earth.
Simplifying Complex Figure scoring: Data from the Emory Healthy Brain Study and initial clinical validation
Authors: Loring David W. , Simama Najé , Sanders Katherine , Saurman Jessica R. , Zhao Liping , Lah James J. , Goldstein Felicia C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjective:To introduce the Emory 10-element Complex Figure (CF) scoring system and recognition task. We evaluated the relationship between Emory CF scoring and traditional Osterrieth CF scoring approach in cognitively healthy volunteers. Additionally, a cohort of patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) evaluation was assessed to compare the scoring methods in a clinical population.Method:The study included 315 volunteers from the Emory Healthy Brain Study (EHBS) with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of 24/30 or higher. The clinical group consisted of 84 DBS candidates. Scoring time differences were analyzed in a subset of 48 DBS candidates.Results:High correlations between scoring methods were present for non-recognition components in both cohorts (EHBS: Copy r = 0.76, Immediate r = 0.86, Delayed r = 0.85, Recognition r = 47; DBS: Copy r = 0.80, Immediate r = 0.84, Delayed Recall r = 0.85, Recognition r = 0.37). Emory CF scoring times were significantly shorter than Osterrieth times across non-recognition conditions (all p < 0.00001, individual Cohen’s d: 1.4–2.4), resulting in an average time savings of 57%. DBS patients scored lower than EHBS participants across CF memory measures, with larger effect sizes for Emory CF scoring (Cohen’s d range = 1.0–1.2). Emory CF scoring demonstrated better group classification in logistic regression models, improving DBS candidate classification from 16.7% to 32.1% compared to Osterrieth scoring.Conclusions:Emory CF scoring yields results that are highly correlated with traditional Osterrieth scoring, significantly reduces scoring time burden, and demonstrates greater sensitivity to memory decline in DBS candidates. Its efficiency and sensitivity make Emory CF scoring well-suited for broader implementation in clinical research.
Distill knowledge of additive tree models into generalized linear models: a new learning approach for non-smooth generalized additive models
Authors: Maillart Arthur , Robert Christian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGeneralized additive models (GAMs) are a leading model class for interpretable machine learning. GAMs were originally defined with smooth shape functions of the predictor variables and trained using smoothing splines. Recently, tree-based GAMs where shape functions are gradient-boosted ensembles of bagged trees were proposed, leaving the door open for the estimation of a broader class of shape functions (e.g. Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM)). In this paper, we introduce a competing three-step GAM learning approach where we combine (i) the knowledge of the way to split the covariates space brought by an additive tree model (ATM), (ii) an ensemble of predictive linear scores derived from generalized linear models (GLMs) using a binning strategy based on the ATM, and (iii) a final GLM to have a prediction model that ensures auto-calibration. Numerical experiments illustrate the competitive performances of our approach on several datasets compared to GAM with splines, EBM, or GLM with binarsity penalization. A case study in trade credit insurance is also provided.
Multilayer substrate integrated waveguide six-port junctions with embedded resistive films
Authors: Tegowski Bartosz , Koelpin Alexander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article deals with multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) six-port junctions with embedded carbon resistive films. SIW six-ports usually employ reactive power dividers, which degrade the amplitude and phase balance when the six-port is terminated with mismatched power detectors. The associated impairments are studied and two SIW six-port junctions with improved isolation and output matching are designed for K-/Ka-band applications to overcome these limitations. The proposed designs differ with respect to the configuration of the output ports making the underlying six-port topology applicable for different layout requirements. Measurements of the fabricated components validate the concept. The six-ports are compact, fully shielded and can be integrated in multilayer printed circuit boards.
Large‐Amplitude Inertia Gravity Waves Over Syowa Station: Comparison of PANSY Radar and ERA5 Reanalysis Data
Authors: Yoshida L. , Tomikawa Y. , Ejiri M. K. , Tsutsumi M. , Kohma M. , Sato K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examined large‐amplitude inertia gravity waves (GWs) over Syowa Station, Antarctica using the PANSY (Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS) radar data and the latest reanalysis (ECMWF reanalysis v5; ERA5) from October 2015 to September 2016. Focusing on large‐amplitude events with large absolute momentum flux (AMF), hodograph analysis was applied to both data to estimate the wave parameters. It showed that the inertia GWs with a downward phase velocity becomes dominant in the stratosphere. Although their vertical wavelengths got shorter with altitude, their intrinsic periods and horizontal wavelengths got longer with altitude. In addition, their southward propagation was predominant in the stratosphere. Although height dependence of the estimated wave parameters is consistent with previous studies investigating inertia GWs over Syowa Station, some features specific to large‐amplitude inertia GWs were also observed. The GW features obtained from PANSY were mostly consistent with those from ERA5 except for their amplitudes. Comparison of AMF between PANSY and ERA5 indicated that ERA5 significantly underestimated the AMF by a factor of 5 between 5 and 12.5 km altitudes and more above 12.5 km. Difference of horizontal and vertical wind power spectra between PANSY and ERA5 is quantitatively consistent with the difference of AMF and its height dependence. It was found that underestimation of vertical wind spectra primarily contributed to the underestimation of AMF in ERA5. The greater underestimation of AMF in the stratosphere might be due to larger vertical grid spacing in ERA5 and the shorter vertical wavelengths of the dominant GWs in the stratosphere.
Monitoring Salt Domes Used for Energy Storage With Microseismicity: Insights for a Carbon‐Neutral Future
Authors: Omojola Joses , Persaud Patricia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderground storage in geologic formations will play a key role in the energy transition by providing low‐cost storage of renewable fuels such as hydrogen. The sealing qualities of caverns leached in salt and availability of domal salt bodies make them ideal for energy storage. However, unstable boundary shear zones of anomalous friable salt can enhance internal shearing and pose a structural hazard to storage operations. Considering the indistinct nature of internal salt heterogeneities when imaged with conventional techniques such as reflection seismic surveys, we develop a method to map shear zones using seismicity patterns in the US Gulf Coast, the region with the world's largest underground crude oil emergency supply. We developed and finetuned a machine learning algorithm using tectonic and local microearthquakes. The finetuned model was applied to detect microearthquakes in a 12‐month long nodal seismic dataset from the Sorrento salt dome. Clustered microearthquake locations reveal the three‐dimensional geometry of two anomalous salt shear zones and their orientations were determined using probabilistic hypocenter imaging. The seismicity pattern, combined with borehole pressure measurements, and cavern sonar surveys, shows the spatiotemporal evolution of cavern shapes within the salt dome. We describe how shear zone seismicity contributed to a cavern well failure and gas release incident that occurred during monitoring. Our findings show that caverns placed close to shear zones are more susceptible to structural damage. We propose a non‐invasive technique for mapping hazards related to internal salt dome deformation that can be employed in high‐noise industrial settings to characterize storage facilities.
Locally Formed Thin Supercooled Liquid Stratiform Clouds on Mid‐Level Moisture Advection Layers as Observed by Ground‐Based Lidars, Radar, and Radiosondes at a Subtropical Site
Authors: Yi Yang , Yi Fan , Huang Kaiming , Liu Fuchao , Zhang Yunpeng , Yu Changming , He Yun , Yin Zhenping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe local formation characteristics of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds on mid‐level moisture advection layers have been revealed by the ∼2‐year observations from routinely operating ground‐based water vapor Raman Lidar, polarization Lidar, cloud radar, and conventional radiosondes at a subtropical site. These moisture advection layers were commonly observed during all seasons over our subtropical site, whereas thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds occurred mainly in winter when the 0°C isotherm level occurred at lower altitudes. It was determined that these clouds mostly formed on the top of moisture advection layers capped by strong temperature inversions. The temperature‐moisture structure collocation (the layer's upper edge with modest/low water vapor mixing ratio of ∼2–5 g kg−1 occurred at the base of the temperature inversion) therein produced a narrow cool‐moist water saturation layer. This collocation with a temperature inversion but no moisture inversion was peculiar to the upper boundary of the moisture advection layers. A relative minority (∼33%) of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds formed on the bottom or middle part of the moisture advection layers, where a moisture inversion coincided with a temperature inversion. Within the corresponding water saturation layer, the relative humidity peaked at the top of the coincided moisture inversion and temperature inversion, indicating warm‐moist air mass advection. Two detailed case studies illustrated how shifts in the mesoscale meteorological environment pertinent to moisture advection layers determined the presence and absence of thin supercooled liquid cloud layers.
N-Acetylneuraminic acid triggers endothelial pyroptosis and promotes atherosclerosis progression via GLS2-mediated glutaminolysis pathway
Authors: Liu Zhaohong , Xiang Peng , Zeng Shengmei , Weng Ping , Wen Yilin , Zhang Wanping , Hu Hui , Zhao Dezhang , Ma Limei , Yu Chao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVascular endothelial injury initiates atherosclerosis (AS) progression. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) metabolic disorder was found to intensify endothelial mitochondrial damage. And GLS2-associated glutaminolysis disorder contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, mechanisms underlying Neu5Ac-associated mitochondrial dysfunction as well as its association with GLS2 remains unclear. In this study, we constructed GLS2−/−ApoE−/− mice by using HBLV-GLS2 shRNA injection. And methods like immunofluorescence, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy were applied to detect profiles of endothelial injury and AS progression both in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that Neu5Ac accumulation increased GLS2 expression and promoted glutaminolysis disorder, which further induced endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction via a pyroptosis-dependent pathway in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, Neu5Ac interacted with SIRT3 and led to FOXO3a deacetylation and phosphorylation, further facilitated c-Myc antagonism and ultimately increased GLS2 levels. Inhibition of GLS2 could improve mitochondrial function and mitigate pyroptosis process. In addition, blocking Neu5Ac production using neuraminidases (NEUs) inhibitor could rescue endothelial damage and alleviate AS development in ApoE−/− mice. These findings proposed that Neu5Ac induced GLS2-mediated glutaminolysis disorder and then promoted mitochondrial dysfunction in a pyroptosis-dependent pathway. Targeting GLS2 or inhibiting Neu5Ac production could prevent AS progression.
Novel approaches to define responders to interventional treatment in hypertension: insights from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF and HTN-ON MED trials
Authors: Schmieder Roland E. , Hettrick Douglas A. , Böhm Michael , Kandzari David E. , Kario Kazuomi , Mahfoud Felix , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Weber Michael A. , Esler Murray D. , Townsend Raymond R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiple sham-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated significant reductions in both office and 24-h blood pressure (BP) following radiofrequency renal denervation (RDN) in the uncontrolled hypertension population. Notably, the blood pressure response varies widely within individual participants, thus showing a clinical need to identify potential RDN “responders” prior to the procedure. Despite multiple analytic efforts, no single parameter, aside from baseline blood pressure, has been consistently associated with BP reduction following RDN. However, this failure may be due to limitations in empiric definitions of responders. Indeed, commonly applied responder definitions based on the difference between two point-in-time BP measurements are fraught due to visit-to-visit variability in office and 24-h blood pressure endpoints. Several factors should be considered to develop a more clinically useful operational definition of procedural response including relative changes in office and 24-h BP, consideration of the temporal response to RDN, as well as adjustment for baseline BP. The current evidence may provide incentives for future expert consensus to precisely define responders to hypertension treatments.
Performance of an AI-powered visualization software platform for precision surgery in breast cancer patients
Authors: Weitz Michelle , Pfeiffer J. R. , Patel Snehal , Biancalana Matthew , Pekis Arda , Kannan Vignesh , Kaklamanos Evandros , Parker Amanda , Bucksot Jesse E. , Romera José Rubio , Alvin Ryan , Zhang Yuhan , Stefka Andrew T. , Lopez-Ramos Dorys , Peterson Joseph R. , Antony Anuja K. , Zamora Kathryn W. , Woodard Stefanie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSurgery remains the primary treatment modality in the management of early-stage invasive breast cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered visualization platforms offer the compelling potential to aid surgeons in evaluating the tumor’s location and morphology within the breast and accordingly optimize their surgical approach. We sought to validate an AI platform that employs dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to render three-dimensional (3D) representations of the tumor and 5 additional chest tissues, offering clear visualizations as well as functionalities for quantifying tumor morphology, tumor-to-landmark structure distances, excision volumes, and approximate surgical margins. This retrospective study assessed the visualization platform’s performance on 100 cases with ground-truth labels vetted by 2 breast-specialized radiologists. We assessed features including automatic AI-generated clinical metrics (e.g., tumor dimensions) as well as visualization tools including convex hulls at desired margins around the tumor to help visualize lumpectomy volume. The statistical performance of the platform’s automated features was robust and within the range of inter-radiologist variability. These detailed 3D tumor and surrounding multi-tissue depictions offer both qualitative and quantitative comprehension of cancer topology and may aid in formulating an optimal surgical approach for breast cancer treatment. We further establish the framework for broader data integration into the platform to enhance precision cancer care.
A high-throughput framework for lattice dynamics
Authors: Zhu Zhuoying , Park Junsoo , Sahasrabuddhe Hrushikesh , Ganose Alex M. , Chang Rees , Lawson John W. , Jain Anubhav 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe develop an automated high-throughput workflow for calculating lattice dynamical properties from first principles including those dictated by anharmonicity. The pipeline automatically computes interatomic force constants (IFCs) up to 4th order from perturbed training supercells, and uses the IFCs to calculate lattice thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and vibrational free energy and entropy. It performs phonon renormalization for dynamically unstable compounds to obtain real effective phonon spectra at finite temperatures and calculates the associated free energy corrections. The methods and parameters are chosen to balance computational efficiency and result accuracy, assessed through convergence testing and comparisons with experimental measurements. Deployment of this workflow at a large scale would facilitate materials discovery efforts toward functionalities including thermoelectrics, contact materials, ferroelectrics, aerospace components, as well as general phase diagram construction.
Peripheral immune cell abundance differences link blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Longfei , Han Jiru , Fearnley Liam G. , Milton Michael , Rafehi Haloom , Reid Joshua , Gerring Zachary F. , Masaldan Shashank , Lang Tali , Speed Terence P. , Bahlo Melanie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) emerging as a potential marker for mitochondrial health. We investigated the links between blood mtDNA-CN and PD severity and risk using the Accelerating Medicines Partnership program for Parkinson’s Disease dataset, replicating our results in the UK Biobank. Our findings reveal that reduced blood mtDNA-CN levels are associated with heightened PD risk and increased severity of motor symptoms and olfactory dysfunction. We estimated blood cell composition using complete blood cell profile when available or RNA-sequencing data as a surrogate. After adjusting for blood cell composition, the associations between mtDNA-CN and PD risk and clinical symptoms became non-significant. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis also found no evidence of a direct causal relationship between blood mtDNA-CN and PD susceptibility. Hence peripheral inflammatory immune responses rather than mitochondrial dysfunction underpin these previously identified associations in PD.