bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northern Pame-Spanish language acquisition in the context of incipient language loss
Authors: Pye Clifton , Berthiaume Scott , Pfeiler Barbara 
Published: February 2019

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: Northern Pame (autonym: Xi’iuy) is an Otopamean language situated in the Mexican state of San Luís Potosí. Today over 90% of the Pame population speaks Spanish, and two-year-old children only speak Northern Pame in two Northern Pame villages. The paper explores differences in two-year-old Pame children’s production of words in Northern Pame and Spanish in order to assess the possibility that developmental constraints and/or language shift influence the form and distribution of the children’s words in the two languages. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on video recordings of five Northern Pame children around the age of 2;0. The adult speakers included one father and four mothers. Four hours of production data were analyzed from each of the five children. Data and Analysis: We analyzed the following: (1) the proportion of major lexical categories; (2) the use of the Spanish copula ser in Pame; (3) the mean segmental length of words in Pame and Spanish; and (4) the syllable structure of words in Pame and Spanish. Findings/Conclusions: The overall results demonstrate that the children’s Pame and Spanish words have distinct linguistic properties. Originality: The study is the first to report acquisition data for the Northern Pame language. Northern Pame differs from Spanish on a wide range of lexical and grammatical features. The analysis includes four lexical features. The outcomes for these four features produce a multi-dimensional measure of language differentiation. Significance/Implications: The study shows that Northern Pame parents are successfully passing their home language to their children despite pressure from the contact language. The children acquired the features of Pame words even though some mothers produced over 40% of their nouns in Spanish. The Spanish vocabulary does not inhibit the children’s developing Pame lexical structures.
IL-12/IL-23p40 identified as a downstream target of apremilast in ex vivo models of arthritis
Authors: Kragstrup Tue W. , Adams Mary , Lomholt Søren , Nielsen Morten A. , Heftdal Line D. , Schafer Peter , Deleuran Bent 
Published: February 2019

Background: Apremilast (Otezla®) is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but the reason why apremilast shows clinical effect is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to study the downstream effects of apremilast on cells of inflamed joints in immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis. Methods: Synovial fluid was obtained from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), PsA or peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA; n = 18). The in vitro models consisted of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) or fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) cultured for 48 h, SFMCs cultured for 21 days, an osteoclast pit formation assay, and a mineralization assay. Results: In SFMCs cultured for 48 h, apremilast decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40 (the shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23), colony-stimulating factor 1, CD6, and CD40 and increased the production of C-X-C motif chemokine 5 dose-dependently. Apremilast had a very different response signature compared with the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab with a substantially greater inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40. In SFMCs cultured for 21 days, apremilast increased the secretion of IL-10. In FLS cultures, apremilast decreased matrix metalloproteinase-3 production. Apremilast decreased osteoclastogenesis but did not affect mineralization by human osteoblasts. Conclusion: This study reveals the downstream effects of apremilast in ex vivo models of arthritis with a strong inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40 by SFMCs. Our findings could explain some of the efficacy of apremilast seen in IL-12/IL-23-driven immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and PsA.
Online Ratings and Reviews of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeons
Authors: Velasco Brian T. , Chien Bonnie , Kwon John Y. , Miller Christopher P. 
Published: February 2019

Background. Utilization of physician rating websites continues to expand. There is limited information on how these websites function and influence patient perception and physicians’ practices. No study to our knowledge has investigated online ratings and comments of orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons. We identified factors impacting online ratings and comments for this subset of surgeons. Methods. 210 orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons were selected from the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) website. Demographic information, ratings, and comments were reviewed on the 3 most visited public domain physician ratings websites: HealthGrades.com , Vitals.com, and Ratemds.com. Content differences between positive and negative comments were evaluated. Results. The mean review rating of 4.03 ± 0.57 out of 5 stars. 84% of the total number of ratings were either 1 star (17%) or 5 stars (67%). Most positive comments related to outcome, physician personality, and communication, whereas most negative comments related to outcome, bedside manner, and waiting time. χ2 Analyses revealed statistically significant proportions of positive comments pertaining to surgeon-dependent factors (eg, physician personality, knowledge, skills) and negative comments concerning surgeon-independent factors (eg, waiting time, logistics). Conclusion. This study examined online ratings and written comments of orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons. Surgeons had a generally favorable rating and were likely to have positive comments. Patients were likely to write positive comments about surgeon personality and communication, and negative comments pertaining to bedside manner and waiting time. Knowledge and management of online content may allow surgeons to improve patient satisfaction and online ratings. Level of Evidence: Level IV
Randomized Trial Based on the Common-Sense Model of Self-regulation to Increase Child Dental Visits
Authors: Nelson S. , Milgrom P. , Albert J.M. , Selvaraj D. , Cunha-Cruz J. , Curtan S. , Copeland T. , Heima M. , Rothen M. , Beck G. , Ferretti G. , Riedy C. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: School screening and the note home (pinned to a backpack) informing parents/caregivers that their child needs to see a dentist have not been effective. Objectives: The Family Access to a Dentist Study (FADS) evaluated the effectiveness of school interventions based on the common-sense model of self-regulation (CSM) among K–4 children needing restorative treatment. Methods: FADS was a multisite double-blind randomized controlled trial with 5 arms. FADS tested a CSM-driven referral letter and dental information guide (DIG) to move caregivers from inaccurate to accurate perceptions of dental caries. Six school districts from Ohio and Washington (14 schools) participated in school years 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017. A total of 611 caregivers were randomized, and 86% ( n = 597 children) completed the exit examination. The primary outcome was receipt of care based on a change in oral health status determined clinically within 1 school year. Results: In accordance with our primary aims, 5 arms were collapsed into 3: CSM letter and reduced CSM letter (combined), CSM letter + DIG and reduced CSM letter + reduced DIG (combined), and standard letter. Among all sites, 39.7% received restorative care (237 of 597). Combined analysis of sites revealed that the CSM referral letter (with and without the DIG) did not increase dental visits when compared with the standard letter. However, for combined sites (East Cleveland, Ohio; Washington), the CSM + DIG increased dental visits when compared with standard letter in univariate analysis (51.3% vs. 40.9%), indicating 1.6-times increased odds of a dental visit (95% CI, 0.97 to 2.58) after imputation and adjustment for covariates. The CSM + DIG group had 1.9-times increased odds (95% CI, 1.21 to 3.08) of care when compared the CSM letter alone. Conclusion: A CSM-driven approach to informing caregivers of the chronic nature of caries with resources in an illustrative manner can increase the benefit of school oral health screening (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02395120). Knowledge Transfer Statement: A school dental referral (note home) that tells a parent that the child has cavities has not been effective. In this trial, a referral based on the common-sense model of self-regulation increased follow-up care for children with restorative needs.
Von Fritzlar nach Rom
Authors: Schmugge Ludwig 
Published: February 2019

Riassunto
Numerosi chierici tedeschi tentarono la loro fortuna nella ricerca di benefici presso la chiesa romana, il maggiore datore di lavoro nel tardo medioevo, ricorrendo all’aiuto del papa a Roma. Le tracce che hanno lasciato nell’Archivio Segreto Vaticano sono raccolte nel „Repertorium Germanicum“ (RG) e nel „Repertorium Poenitentiariae Germanicum“ (RPG), nonché nella banca dati dell’Istituto Storico Germanico, dove possono essere consultati agevolmente. Insieme con le fonti, conservate negli archivi al di là delle Alpi, questi documenti formano talvolta un biogramma, permettendo così degli approfondimenti sulla provenienza di determinate persone, sulla loro carriera in Germania e presso la curia, sulla loro rete di contatti, come pure sul loro patrimonio di cui disponevano. Per Johannes Buren di Fritzlar (ca. 1467–1524) si dispone di una tale densa documentazione.
Immune system and new avenues in Parkinson’s disease research and treatment
Authors: Nasrolahi Ava , Safari Fatemeh , Farhoudi Mehdi , Khosravi Afra , Farajdokht Fereshteh , Bastaminejad Saiyad , Sandoghchian Shotorbani Siamak , Mahmoudi Javad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, although 200 years have now passed since the primary clinical description of PD by James Parkinson, the etiology and mechanisms of neuronal loss in this disease are still not fully understood. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, activation of immunologic responses seems to have a crucial role in PD pathology. Intraneuronal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn), as the main pathological hallmark of PD, potentially mediates initiation of the autoimmune and inflammatory events through, possibly, auto-reactive T cells. While current therapeutic regimens are mainly used to symptomatically suppress PD signs, application of the disease-modifying therapies including immunomodulatory strategies may slow down the progressive neurodegeneration process of PD. The aim of this review is to summarize knowledge regarding previous studies on the relationships between autoimmune reactions and PD pathology as well as to discuss current opportunities for immunomodulatory therapy.
Characterization of painful Restless Legs Syndrome sensations in an English-speaking South African population
Authors: Kerr Samantha , McKinon Warrick , Dafkin Chloe , Bentley Alison 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is characterised by unusual sensations in the legs which can be described as painful in up to 60% of RLS patients. The purpose of this study was to characterise and examine whether the presence of pain influenced the words used to describe the sensations of RLS in an English speaking population.

Methods
RLS participants (n=55) were divided according to whether or not painful RLS sensations were reported upon questioning. They completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the International Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Scale (IRLS) and selected descriptors from a list of previously published RLS terms.

Results
Thirty-five percent of the RLS patients had painful sensations. The participants with painful RLS had higher Pain Rating Index (PRI) scores [median (interquartile range) 21 (17–28) vs. 14 (7.5–21) p=0.0008] and IRLS scores [23 (17–28) vs. 18 (11.5–22.5) p=0.0175] than the participants with non-painful RLS. Patients with painful RLS symptoms selected more pain-related literature terms, chose significantly different words in eight of the MPQ subclasses (both sensory and affective) and selected more intense descriptors from certain MPQ subclasses than the non-painful RLS group. The terms that characterised painful RLS were “aching”, “painful”, “cramping” and “unbearable”.

Conclusions
Descriptors of RLS sensations are changed by the presence of pain, which may indicate an aetiological difference in the patients who have painful RLS. Clinically, patients complaining of cramping and painful sensations may be diagnosed with a condition that mimics RLS. Thus, it is important that the most accurate set of descriptors for RLS are used to enable recognition of RLS and optimised treatment according to the RLS phenotype.

Implications
The diagnosis of RLS may be improved by overcoming language and cultural barriers and obtaining differential diagnostic terms for painful conditions mimicking RLS.
Decline of substance P levels after stress management with cognitive behaviour therapy in women with the fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Karlsson Bo , Burell Gunilla , Kristiansson Per , Björkegren Karin , Nyberg Fred , Svärdsudd Kurt 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Substance P (CSF-SP) is known to be elevated in females with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) on plasma SP levels in women with FMS and to find possible clinical behavioural correlates to plasma SP level changes.

Methods
Forty-eight women with FMS were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 received the CBT treatment intervention over the course of 6 months while group 2 was waitlisted. CBT was given with a protocol developed to diminish stress and pain. After 6 months, group 2 was given the same CBT treatment as well. All were followed up 1 year after the start of CBT treatment. This approach allowed for two analytical designs – a randomised controlled trial (RCT) (n=24 vs. n=24) and a before-and-after treatment design (n=48). All women were repeatedly evaluated by the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) and three other psychometric questionnaires and plasma SP was analysed.

Results
In the RCT design, the plasma SP level was 8.79 fmol/mL in both groups at the start of the trial, after adjustment for initial differences. At the end of the RCT, the plasma SP level was 5.25 fmol/mL in the CBT intervention group compared to 8.39 fmol/mL in the control group (p=0.02). In the before-and-after design, the plasma SP was reduced by 33% (p<0.01) after CBT, but returned to the pre-treatment level at follow-up 1 year after the start of CBT treatment. Plasma SP was associated with the MPI dimensions experienced “support from spouses or significant others” and “life control”.

Conclusions
Plasma SP might be a marker of the effect of CBT in FMS associated with better coping strategies and reduced stress rather than a biochemical marker of pain.
High-speed laser interferometric distance sensor with reference mirror oscillating at ultrasonic frequencies
Authors: Hagemeier Sebastian , Tereschenko Stanislav , Lehmann Peter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Optical measurement systems are an important part of the portfolio of 3D topography sensors. By precise, contactless and rapid measurements these sensors constitute an alternative to tactile instruments. In this contribution the principle of a laser interferometric distance sensor is presented, which in combination with lateral scan axes acts as a topography sensor and also as distance sensor for the compensation of vibrations in a coherence scanning Linnik interferometer. An advantage of this distance sensor is its high acquisition rate of height values, which in case of working as a topography sensor enables high scan velocities as it is demonstrated at a chirp standard measured with a scan velocity of 80 mm/s. This is much higher than the scan velocity of tactile instruments, which are typically limited up to 1 mm/s. In addition, the compensation of vibration disturbances demonstrates the capability of the fast distance measurement.
In contrast to other existing high-speed point sensors the relevant components are mass products. This keeps the costs of the sensor setup in a limited range. Furthermore, the sensor shows potential of much higher measurement rates than 116 kHz provided by the sensor used here.
Anisotropic Strength Characteristics of Loess under Three-Dimensional Stress Conditions
Authors: Shao Shuai , Shao Sheng-jun , Xu Ping 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
To study the failure conditions of anisotropic loess in the principal stress space, a series of true triaxial tests were performed on loess sampled in the Bailu Plateau of Xi’an, as loess deposits have a strong cross-anisotropic structure. The cuboid specimens of the prepared samples were cut along the vertical and horizontal directions to enable testing in any sector of the three-dimensional principal stress space. The shear strength laws of the p–q planes with different intermediate principal stress ratios corresponding to different principal stress spaces were revealed. The failure surface was assumed to be symmetric with respect to the vertical axis of the principal stress space octahedral plane, which varies as a function of the Lode angle. On the same octahedral plane, the shear strength of a specimen, as the major stress, is applied along the vertical direction and is larger than that along the horizontal direction. Failure surfaces in all sectors are ellipses, which are symmetric with respect to the vertical axis, and the loess structure is not damaged under the stress conditions of true triaxial compression. Once the structure was damaged, the failure surface of the cross-anisotropic loess on the octahedral planes presented as a circle or a curved triangle as the average principal stress increased.
Shear Yield Stress of Magnetorheological Fluids between Characteristic Surfaces of Different Materials
Authors: Ji Meng , Luo Yiping , Ren Hongjuan , Wei Dan , Kang Lulu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) have a wide range of applications in automotive and other industrial fields. As one of the main performance parameters of MRFs, static yield stress is the demarcation point of solid–liquid performance conversion. Therefore, yield stress is important to the study of MRFs. In this work, a new type of MRF testing device was designed. Three types of material blocks, namely, steel, copper, and aluminum, were tested to determine wall slippage using MRF-122E and MRF-132D. The results indicate that the best pulling blocks were the 1-mm copper rectangular channel and the 2-mm aluminum triangle channel. Identity distance was also tested, and the result indicated that the 1-mm copper pulling block and identity distance of 5-mm curve were nearest to the Lord Corporation yield curve with a maximum relative error within 5 %.
Hyperspectral Reflectance-Derived Relationship Matrices for Genomic Prediction of Grain Yield in Wheat
Authors: Krause Margaret R , González-Pérez Lorena , Crossa José , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Montesinos-López Osval , Singh Ravi P , Dreisigacker Susanne , Poland Jesse , Rutkoski Jessica , Sorrells Mark , Gore Michael A , Mondal Suchismita 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Hyperspectral reflectance phenotyping and genomic selection are two emerging technologies that have the potential to increase plant breeding efficiency by improving prediction accuracy for grain yield. Hyperspectral cameras quantify canopy reflectance across a wide range of wavelengths that are associated with numerous biophysical and biochemical processes in plants. Genomic selection models utilize genome-wide marker or pedigree information to predict the genetic values of breeding lines. In this study, we propose a multi-kernel GBLUP approach to genomic selection that uses genomic marker-, pedigree-, and hyperspectral reflectance-derived relationship matrices to model the genetic main effects and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions across environments within a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding program. We utilized an airplane equipped with a hyperspectral camera to phenotype five differentially managed treatments of the yield trials conducted by the Bread Wheat Improvement Program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) at Ciudad Obregón, México over four breeding cycles. We observed that single-kernel models using hyperspectral reflectance-derived relationship matrices performed similarly or superior to marker- and pedigree-based genomic selection models when predicting within and across environments. Multi-kernel models combining marker/pedigree information with hyperspectral reflectance phentoypes had the highest prediction accuracies; however, improvements in accuracy over marker- and pedigree-based models were marginal when correcting for days to heading. Our results demonstrate the potential of using hyperspectral imaging to predict grain yield within a multi-environment context and also support further studies on the integration of hyperspectral reflectance phenotyping into breeding programs.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of Ocimum sanctum and metformin on serum lipid profile in high fat diet fed diabetic rats
Authors: Mishra Shailendra , Ahmed Quazi Shahir , Sayedda Kauser 
Published: February 2019

Background: Dyslipidaemia is an important risk factor for development of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ocimum sanctum (OS) and metformin have shown to have antihyperlipidaemic effects. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of OS and Metformin on body weight & plasma lipid levels of high fat diet fed diabetic ratsMethods: Total of 30 male wistar rats (100-150gm) were obtained. Animals were fed with a high fat diet throughout the study (6 weeks). Diabetes was induced by using single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin 50mg/kg at the end of 4 weeks. Diabetic rats were divided into groups of 6 each and treated as follows: Group 1- Diabetic control, was given vehicle orally. Group 2- O.S. ethanolic extract 100mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 3- O.S. ethanolic extract 200mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 4- Metformin 100mg/day for 14 daysResults: At the end of 4 weeks, body weight of rats were significantly increased (p <0.05). Maximum weight gain was seen in control group whereas weight gain was least in O.S. 200mg/kg group (p >0.05). Decrease in body weight was seen in metformin group. Abdominal circumference of rats also showed similar pattern (p >0.05). OS 200 caused significant reduction in serum LDL levels (p <0.05) and significant rise of serum HDL levels (p <0.05) as compared to control group. Metformin also favourably affected the lipid profile and its effects were not significantly different from effects of OS 200 (p> 0.05).Conclusions: Present study revealed that Ocimum Sanctum caused significant reduction in serum lipid levels in high fat diet fed diabetic rats. Metformin also exhibited antihyperlipidaemic activity. So, it is concluded that OS or metformin alone or in combination could be a novel adjunct to diet and life style modification for the management of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are required to confirm the antidyslipidaemic activities of individual phytoconstituents of Ocimum sanctum.