bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusion or interests? Why females in elected office reduce petty and grand corruption
Authors: BAUHR MONIKA , CHARRON NICHOLAS , WÄNGNERUD LENA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDisappointed by the numerous failures of anticorruption reforms, international organisations, scholars and policy makers increasingly place their hopes on measures aimed at enhancing gender equality and in particular increasing the inclusion of female representatives in elected assemblies. Yet most studies to date focus on aggregate measures of corruption and fail to explain why the correlation between women's representation and levels of corruption occurs. Using newly collected regional‐level, non‐perception‐based measures of corruption, this study distinguishes between different forms of corruption and shows that the inclusion of women in local councils is strongly negatively associated with the prevalence of both petty and grand forms of corruption. However, the reduction in corruption is primarily experienced among women. This suggests that female representatives seek to further two separate political agendas once they attain public office: the improvement of public service delivery in sectors that tend to primarily benefit women; and the breakup of male‐dominated collusive networks.
Shrinkage of Food Materials During Drying: Current Status and Challenges
Authors: Mahiuddin Md , Khan Md. Imran H. , Kumar C. , Rahman M. M. , Karim M. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe structural heterogeneities of fruits and vegetables intensify the complexity to comprehend the interrelated physicochemical changes that occur during drying. Shrinkage of food materials during drying is a common physical phenomenon which affects the textural quality and taste of the dried product. The shrinkage of food material depends on many factors including material characteristics, microstructure, mechanical properties, and process conditions. Understanding the effect of these influencing factors on deformation of fruits and vegetables during drying is crucial to obtain better‐quality product. The majority of the previous studies regarding shrinkage are either experimental or empirical; however, such studies cannot provide a realistic understanding of the physical phenomena behind the material shrinkage. In contrast, theoretical modeling can provide better insights into the shrinkage that accompanies simultaneous heat and mass transfer during drying. However, limited studies have been conducted on the theoretical modeling of shrinkage of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to critically review the existing theoretical shrinkage models and present a framework for a theoretical model for the shrinkage mechanism. This paper also describes the effect of different drying conditions on material shrinkage. Discussions on how the diverse characteristics of fruits and vegetables affect shrinkage propagation is presented. Moreover, a comprehensive review of formulation techniques of shrinking models and their results are also presented. Finally, the challenges in developing a physics‐based shrinkage model are discussed.
Alteration to hippocampal volume and shape confined to cannabis dependence: a multi‐site study
Authors: Chye Yann , Lorenzetti Valentina , Suo Chao , Batalla Albert , Cousijn Janna , Goudriaan Anna E. , Jenkinson Mark , Martin‐Santos Rocio , Whittle Sarah , Yücel Murat , Solowij Nadia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCannabis use is highly prevalent and often considered to be relatively harmless. Nonetheless, a subset of regular cannabis users may develop dependence, experiencing poorer quality of life and greater mental health problems relative to non‐dependent users. The neuroanatomy characterizing cannabis use versus dependence is poorly understood. We aimed to delineate the contributing role of cannabis use and dependence on morphology of the hippocampus, one of the most consistently altered brain regions in cannabis users, in a large multi‐site dataset aggregated across four research sites. We compared hippocampal volume and vertex‐level hippocampal shape differences (1) between 121 non‐using controls and 140 cannabis users; (2) between 106 controls, 50 non‐dependent users and 70 dependent users; and (3) between a subset of 41 controls, 41 non‐dependent users and 41 dependent users, matched on sample characteristics and cannabis use pattern (onset age and dosage). Cannabis users did not differ from controls in hippocampal volume or shape. However, cannabis‐dependent users had significantly smaller right and left hippocampi relative to controls and non‐dependent users, irrespective of cannabis dosage. Shape analysis indicated localized deflations in the superior‐medial body of the hippocampus. Our findings support neuroscientific theories postulating dependence‐specific neuroadaptations in cannabis users. Future efforts should uncover the neurobiological risk and liabilities separating dependent and non‐dependent use of cannabis.
Histological characteristics of ovarian follicle atresia in dairy cows with different milk production
Authors: Makarevich Alexander V. , Földešiová Martina , Pivko Juraj , Kubovičová Elena , Chrenek Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFollicle atresia in mammals is a universal phenomenon characteristic by degenerative morphological changes in granulosa and theca cells. The unfavourable effect of milk production in relation to fertility has been studied starting from the 70s of the last century; however, there is no unambiguous and persuasive data on association of ovarian atresia with milk yield of dairy cows. The aim of this study was to define histological signs of ovarian follicle atresia in dairy cows in relation to their milk production. The ovaries were recovered from slaughtered Holstein dairy cows assigned into two groups according to average level of annual milk production: Group 1 (n = 25)—low (≤8,000 kg/year) and Group 2 (n = 23)—high (≥8,000 kg/year). Atresia of antral follicles was evaluated on the basis of histopathological image (staining with basic fuchsine and toluidine blue) of nonovulated follicles, classified into five categories: an initial atresia, cystic atresia, obliterated atresia, atresia with luteinization of the granulosa and follicle structures of the fibrous body—corpus fibrosum. We found that the histopathological image of follicle atresia in groups of low‐milk‐ or high‐milk‐producing cows is essentially similar. Prevalent form of atresia in follicles of all experimental cows was the formation of fibrous bodies and obliterated atresia. The occurrence of fibrous bodies was significantly higher (55.44%) in low‐milk‐producing cows compared with high‐milk‐producing cows (34.61%). In the same way, the higher incidence of obliterated atresia was recorded in ovarian follicles from cows with the lower milk production (36.96%) compared to the cows with the higher milk production (25.48%). In contrast, ovaries from lower milk‐producing cows showed lower (p < 0.05) incidence of initial (p < 0.001) and cystic (p < 0.05) follicle atresia than ovaries from the higher milk‐producing cows. Our results show that cows in the higher lactation group showed more initial and cystic atresia, what may adversely affect the fertility of dairy cows.
Recommendations on the environment for hospitalised newborn infants from the French neonatal society: rationale, methods and first recommendation on neonatal intensive care unit design
Authors: Kuhn Pierre , Sizun Jacques , Casper Charlotte ,   the GREEN study group from the French Neonatal Society
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimHospitalised newborn infants may be stressed due to inappropriate sensory stimuli and early separation from their families, that can negatively impact their neurodevelopment. The French Group of Reflection and Evaluation of the Environment of Newborns (GREEN) issues guidelines based on environmental neonatology and family‐centred care. The first recommendation focuses on private family rooms versus large shared rooms.MethodsThese guidelines are based on a systematic evaluation of the literature providing different grades of evidence. Internal and external reviews by multidisciplinary experts examined the scientific evidence of all recommendations. The literature search was performed for the period January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2016 with the keywords ‘single room’ or ‘private room’ and ‘neonatal intensive care unit’.ResultsA total of 25 studies were retained. Most studies reported a positive impact of private rooms on the health of newborn infants and satisfaction of families. Private rooms could lead to sensory deprivation if there is low parental involvement with limited presence and to reduced interaction among caregivers.ConclusionWe recommend that neonatal units should mostly have private rooms. With this architectural design, we recommend supporting the staff's needs for changes in the organisation and philosophy of care and to provide improved family support.
LINKING TWO WORLDS? ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION IN PUBLIC ENTERPRISES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA
Authors: TREMML Timo 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTContemporary public enterprises differ from their forebears. Today, they are more similar to private enterprises, receiving far more attention than previously, when privatization processes all over the world were in the spotlight. Furthermore, the broad research stream of entrepreneurship has so far neglected the consideration of public enterprises. To set a future research agenda, the author examines the dispersed literature using an integrative and organizing framework to identify major topics and research findings. This paper reviews articles that investigate the entrepreneurship in contemporary public enterprises. Despite the growing scholarly interest globally, this systematic literature review indicates there is no more than a loose connection between the literature streams of public entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship. Specifically, the review shows that the multidimensional concept of entrepreneurial orientation has thus far been ignored, although autonomy plays a significant role in the literature review, namely in the context of the interference of the public owner. It also reveals other essential research gaps, such as the development of a modern theory of public enterprises. The linked research stream of public‐sector corporate entrepreneurship offers a broad area of scholarly research and should encourage further investigation.
Use of 5α‐reductase inhibitors for benign prostate hypertrophy and risk of high grade prostate cancer: a French population‐based study
Authors: Scailteux Lucie‐Marie , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Vincendeau Sébastien , Balusson Frédéric , Nowak Emmanuel , Oger Emmanuel ,   The Network of Pathologists in Brittany
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the association between 5α‐reductase inhibitor (5‐ARI) use and high grade (Gleason score 8–10) prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a population‐based nested matched case–control study using the French national health insurance database linked to data from all pathology laboratories in Brittany, France. Among 74 596 patients with ≥1 drug reimbursement for symptomatic benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2011, 767 incident prostate cancer cases between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2013 were matched according to age and delay between the first observed delivery of drug for BPH (5‐ARIs, α‐blockers or phytotherapy) and diagnostic date of the case to five control patients, using an incidence density sampling design.ResultsA total of 963 patients (153 cases, 810 controls) had been exposed to 5‐ARIs. A significant heterogeneity (P = 0.005) was detected across cancer grades when estimating the association between prostate cancer and long‐term (≥2 years) 5‐ARI use vs no 5‐ARI exposure: adjusted conditional odds ratio 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–3.21) for Gleason score ≥8 and 0.64 (95% CI 0.44–0.93) for Gleason score < 8.ConclusionOur results indicate an increased risk of high grade and a decreased risk of low grade prostate cancer associated with 5‐ARI use. Patients treated for >2 years with 5‐ARIs should be informed about the increased risk of development of high grade disease.
THE CONVERGENCE IN PRODUCT‐LEVEL RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY ACROSS PROVINCES
Authors: Martín Víctor , Minondo Asier 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper uses highly disaggregated data to analyze the convergence process in product‐level relative productivity across Spanish provinces. Over the period 1988‐2013 there is a 53 per cent reduction in product‐level relative productivity differences across provinces. The speed of convergence in product‐level productivity is faster than in income per capita. Provinces that are geographically close, have strong ties and share similar factor endowments become more similar in product‐level relative productivities.
Anti‐tumour actions of cannabinoids
Authors: Hinz Burkhard , Ramer Robert 
Published: July 2018

The endocannabinoid system has emerged as an important target for the treatment of many diverse diseases. In addition to the well‐established palliative effects of cannabinoids in cancer therapy, phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoid compounds and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have attracted attention as possible systemic anticancer drugs. Results emerging from preclinical studies suggest cannabinoids elicit effects at different levels of cancer progression, including inhibition of proliferation, neovascularization, invasion and chemoresistance, induction of apoptosis and autophagy as well as enhancement of tumour immune surveillance. Although the clinical use of cannabinoid receptor ligands is limited by their psychoactivity, non‐psychoactive compounds, such as cannabidiol, have gained attention due to preclinically established anticancer properties and a favourable risk‐to‐benefit profile. Thus, cannabinoids may complement the currently used collection of chemotherapeutic agents, as a broadly diversified option for cancer treatment, while counteracting some of their severe side effects.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc
Curcumin analog, GO‐Y078, overcomes resistance to tumor angiogenesis inhibitors
Authors: Shimazu Kazuhiro , Inoue Masahiro , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Fukuda Koji , Yoshida Taichi , Taguchi Daiki , Uehara Yoshihiko , Kuriyama Sei , Tanaka Masamitsu , Miura Masatomo , Nanjyo Hiroshi , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu , Shibata Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2018

Tumor angiogenesis inhibition is one of the most potent strategies in cancer chemotherapy. From past clinical studies, inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway successfully treats malignant tumors. However, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors alone cannot cure tumors. Moreover, resistance to small molecule inhibitors has also been reported. Herein, we show the antiangiogenic potential of a newly synthesized curcumin analog, GO‐Y078, that possibly functions through inhibition of actin stress fiber formation, resulting in mobility inhibition; this mechanism is different from that of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition. In addition, we examined the detailed mechanism of action of the antiangiogenesis potential of GO‐Y078 using human umbilical venous epithelial cells resistant to angiogenesis inhibitors (HUVEC‐R). GO‐Y078 inhibited the growth and mobility of HUVEC‐R at 0.75 μmol/L concentration. Expression analyses by microarray and RT‐PCR showed that expressions of genes including that of fibronectin 1 were significantly suppressed. Among these genes, fibronectin 1 is abundantly expressed and, therefore, seems to be a good target for GO‐Y078. In a knockdown experiment using Si‐oligo of fibronectin 1 (FN1), FN1 expression was decreased to half of that in mock experiments as well as GO‐Y078. Knockdown of FN1 resulted in the suppression of HUVEC‐R growth at 24 hours after treatment. Fibronectin is a key molecule contributing to angiogenesis that could be inhibited by GO‐Y078. Thus, resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition can be overcome using GO‐Y078.
5‐hydroxymethylfurfural‐ and fluorescein‐fused fluorescence probe of mast cells (RBL‐2H3): Synthesis, photophysical properties, and bioimaging
Authors: Huang Limin , Wei Di , Wu Zibo , Hou Yajing , Xie Yitong , Liu Zhenru , Wang Cheng , Che Delu , Lei Yibo , He Huaizhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA fluorescent probe (Fluo‐HMF) was developed via introduction of a furfural moiety into the fluorescein molecular skeleton, aiming at specially labeling cell membrane of mast cells. To illustrate its specificity, we designed and synthesized a series of fluorescent compounds based on fluorescein molecular skeleton. The fluorescent properties of Fluo‐HMF were investigated, which were in accordance with theoretical calculations. Compared with other fluorescein derivatives, Fluo‐HMF could specially label RBL‐2H3 cells. The results suggested that Fluo‐HMF could be used as a fluorescent probe for bioimaging on some related research of allergic mechanism.
Identification and biological evaluation of glycol diaryl ethers as novel anti‐cancer agents through structure‐based optimization of crizotinib
Authors: Liu Shasha , Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Xun , Shi Meiyun , Wang Hecheng , Liu Yajun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCrizotinib, a drug for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive and c‐ros oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), was structurally optimized via a strategy of structure‐based fragment replacing. Computational study showed it was beneficial for interaction of crizotinib and ALK to increase the distance between pyridyl ring and phenyl ring in crizotinib, and thus, a series of novel glycol diaryl ethers were synthesized. The in vitro anti‐tumor activity of synthesized compounds was studied in NSCLC cell line H2228 and neurobalstoma cell line SH‐SY5Y. Among the synthesized compounds, 9e exhibits stronger anti‐cancer activity than crizotinib toward H2228 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.22 μM. Molecular docking indicated that a longer chain between pyridyl ring and phenyl ring enabled molecule to have new interaction with a neighboring small hydrophobic pocket.
Immune-bone interplay in the structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Komatsu N , Takayanagi H 
Published: July 2018

Summary
The immune and bone systems maintain homeostasis by interacting closely with each other. Rheumatoid arthritis is a pathological consequence of their interplay, as activated T cell immune responses result in osteoclast-mediated bone erosion. An imbalance between forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells is often linked with autoimmune diseases, including arthritis. Th17 cells contribute to the bone destruction in arthritis by up-regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) on synovial fibroblasts as well as inducing local inflammation. Studies on the origin of Th17 cells in inflammation have shed light on the pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells. Th17 cells converted from Foxp3+ T cells (exFoxp3 Th17 cells) comprise the most potent osteoclastogenic T cell subset in inflammatory bone loss. It has been suggested that osteoclastogenic T cells may have developed originally to stop local infection in periodontitis by inducing tooth loss. In addition, Th17 cells also contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis by modulating antibody function. Antibodies and immune complexes have attracted considerable attention for their direct role in osteoclastogenesis, and a specific T cell subset in joints was shown to be involved in B cell antibody production. Here we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the immune-bone interplay in the context of the bone destruction in arthritis.
Correlation between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, its pharmacotherapy and thyroid dysfunction: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Po‐Hao , Shyu Yu‐Chiau , Tsai Meng‐Yun , Lee Sheng‐Yu , Yang Kang‐Chung , Yang Chun‐Ju , Lee Tung‐Liang , Wang Liang‐Jen 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the comorbid rates of thyroid dysfunction among patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the general population. We further examined whether pharmacotherapy affects ADHD patients’ risk of developing thyroid dysfunction.Design and MeasurementWe recruited 75 247 newly diagnosed ADHD patient and 75 247 healthy controls between January 1999 and December 2011 from the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan. We compared hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and other common paediatric psychiatric diseases between ADHD patients and controls. We carried out logistic regression analysis to identify an independent factor for predicting thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we analysed the time sequence of the diagnosis and the risk of developing a thyroid disorder after receiving pharmacotherapy.ResultsCompared to the control group, the ADHD group had higher comorbidity rates of both hyperthyroidism (1.1% of ADHD vs 0.7% of controls, aOR: 1.72, P < 0.001) and hypothyroidism (0.6% of ADHD vs 0.2% of controls, aOR: 2.23, P < 0.001). Of the ADHD patients with comorbid thyroid dysfunction, about two‐thirds and half of patients were diagnosed with ADHD prior to their diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively. Furthermore, pharmacotherapy had no significant influence on the risk of developing hyperthyroidism (aHR: 1.09, P = 0.363) or hypothyroidism (aHR: 0.95, P = 0.719) among ADHD patients.ConclusionPatients with ADHD had greater comorbid rates with thyroid dysfunction than the control subjects, but pharmacotherapy for treating ADHD did not affect thyroid dysfunction later in life. However, these findings should be further verified using a clinical cohort with comprehensive laboratory assessment in future.