bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetoelectricity in multiferroics: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Dong Shuai , Xiang Hongjun , Dagotto Elbio 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe key physical property of multiferroic materials is the existence of coupling between magnetism and polarization, i.e. magnetoelectricity. The origin and manifestations of magnetoelectricity can be very different in the available plethora of multiferroic systems, with multiple possible mechanisms hidden behind the phenomena. In this review, we describe the fundamental physics that causes magnetoelectricity from a theoretical viewpoint. The present review will focus on mainstream physical mechanisms in both single-phase multiferroics and magnetoelectric heterostructures. The most recent tendencies addressing possible new magnetoelectric mechanisms will also be briefly outlined.
Parliamentary Representation: A Cross-national Study of Candidates’ Views
Authors: Sudulich Laura , Trumm Siim , Bridgewater Jack 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study explores political elites’ self-conceptualisation of parliamentary representation by using data on nearly 7000 candidates encompassing 18 elections in 15 countries. We examine the relevance of institutional features, closeness to the sources of representatives’ mandates, party family, as well as candidates’ personal characteristics, with a modelling strategy that accommodates the understanding of role orientation as a two-stage process. We posit that choosing between being loyal to a party or to voters is not equivalent to prioritising one’s own agency in the first place, and suggest that self-conceptualisation of parliamentary representation happens in two different stages. We find that individual-level characteristics such as gender and ideological proximity to one’s party, but also party family, play a key role in shaping views on authority versus independence. The effects of political environment and institutions are limited to shaping a choice between responding to one’s party or constituents.
The Prevalence, Impact, and Risk Factors for Persistent Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery in a New Zealand Population
Authors: Chiang Daniel L C , Rice David A , Helsby Nuala A , Somogyi Andrew A , Kluger Michal T 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveFew Australasian studies have assessed persistent pain after breast cancer surgery. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, impact, and risk factors of moderate to severe persistent pain after breast cancer surgery in a New Zealand population.MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent breast cancer surgery between six and 48 months previously. Validated questionnaires were used to assess pain prevalence and impact, psychological distress, and upper limb function. Patients’ clinical records were assessed for potential risk factors.ResultsOf the 375 patients who were sent questionnaires, 201 were included in the study. More than half of the patients (N = 111, 55%) reported breast surgery related–persistent pain, with 46 (23%) rating the pain as moderate to severe. Neuropathic pain was reported by 21 (46%) patients with moderate to severe pain. Pain interference, upper limb dysfunction, and psychological distress were significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe pain (P < 0.001). Non-European ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] = 5.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.05–12.25, P < 0.001), reconstruction surgery (OR = 4.10, 95% CI = 1.30–13.00, P = 0.02), and axillary node dissection (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.19–15.73, P < 0.03) were identified as risk factors for moderate to severe pain by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsModerate to severe persistent pain after breast cancer surgery affects many New Zealand patients, and is associated with impaired daily life activities, physical disability, and psychological distress. Large numbers of patients undergo breast cancer surgery annually. This study emphasizes the importance of identification and management of these patients perioperatively.
Conditional Recommendations for Specific Dietary Ingredients as an Approach to Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Evidence-Based Decision Aid for Health Care Providers, Participants, and Policy Makers
Authors: Boyd Courtney , Crawford Cindy , Berry Kevin , Deuster Patricia ,   the HERB Working Group
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
Approximately 55–76% of Service members use dietary supplements for various reasons; although such use has become popular for a wide range of pain conditions, decisions to use supplements are often driven by information that is not evidence-based. This work evaluates whether the current research on dietary ingredients for chronic musculoskeletal pain provides sufficient evidence to inform decisions for practice and self-care, specifically for Special Operations Forces personnel.

Methods
A steering committee convened to develop research questions and factors required for decision-making. Key databases were searched through August 2016. Eligible systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological quality. Meta-analysis was applied where feasible. GRADE was used to determine confidence in the effect estimates. A decision table was constructed to make evidence-informed judgments across factors required for decision-making, and recommendations were made for practice and self-care use.

Results
Nineteen dietary ingredients were included. Conditional evidence-based recommendations were made for the use of avocado soybean unsaponifiables, capsaicin, curcuma, ginger, glucosamine, melatonin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin D. In these cases, desirable effects outweighed undesirable effects, but there was uncertainty about the trade-offs, either because the evidence was low quality or because benefits and downsides were closely balanced.

Conclusions
The evidence showed that certain dietary ingredients, when taken as part of a balanced diet and/or as a supplement (e.g., pill, tablet, capsule, cream), may alleviate musculoskeletal pain with no to minimal risk of harm. This finding emphasizes and reinforces the critical importance of shared decision-making between Operators and their health care providers.
Integrating Adjuvant Analgesics into Perioperative Pain Practice: Results from an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Chin Kuo-Kai , Carroll Ian , Desai Karishma , Asch Steven , Seto Tina , McDonald Kathryn M , Curtin Catherine , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Opioid-sparing postoperative pain management therapies are important considering the opioid epidemic. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common and painful procedure accounting for a large number of opioid prescriptions. Adjuvant analgesics, nonopioid drugs with primary indications other than pain, have shown beneficial pain management and opioid-sparing effects following TKA in clinical trials. We evaluated the adjuvant analgesic gabapentin for its usage patterns and its effects on opioid use, pain, and readmissions.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study included 4,046 patients who received primary TKA between 2009 and 2017 using electronic health records from an academic tertiary care medical institute. Descriptive statistics and multivariate modeling were used to estimate associations between inpatient gabapentin use and adverse pain outcomes as well as inpatient oral morphine equivalents per day (OME).

Results
Overall, there was an 8.72% annual increase in gabapentin use (P &lt; 0.001). Modeled estimates suggest that gabapentin is associated with a significant decrease in opioid consumption (estimate = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.49–0.82, P &lt; 0.001) when controlling for patient characteristics. Patients receiving gabapentin had similar discharge pain scores, follow-up pain scores, and 30-day unplanned readmission rates compared with patients receiving no adjuvant analgesics (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
When assessed in a real-world setting over a large cohort of TKA patients, gabapentin is an effective pain management therapy that is associated with reduced opioid consumption—a national priority in this time of opioid crisis—while maintaining the same quality of pain management.
Interviewer Involvement in Sample Selection Shapes the Relationship Between Response Rates and Data Quality
Authors: Eckman Stephanie , Koch Achim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that high response rates are not associated with low bias in survey data. This paper shows that, for face-to-face surveys, the relationship between response rates and bias is moderated by the type of sampling method used. Using data from Rounds 1 through 7 of the European Social Survey, we develop two measures of selection bias, then build models to explore how sampling method, response rate, and their interaction affect selection bias. When interviewers are involved in selecting the sample of households or respondents for the survey, high reported response rates can in fact be a sign of poor data quality. We speculate that the positive association detected between response rates and selection bias is because of interviewers’ incentives to select households and respondents who are likely to complete the survey.
Do Exercise Interventions Improve Balance for Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome? A Systematic Review
Authors: Maïano Christophe , Hue Olivier , Lepage Geneviève , Morin Alexandre J S , Tracey Danielle , Moullec Grégory 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Youths with Down syndrome are characterized by deficits in balance/postural stability. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is through exercise interventions. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the effects of exercise interventions designed to improve the balance of youths with Down syndrome have never been systematically reviewed.

Purpose
The purpose of this review was to summarize the findings from studies examining the effects of exercise interventions designed to improve balance in youths with Down syndrome.

Data Sources
A systematic literature search was performed in 10 databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus With Full-Text, Education Source, ERIC, Medline With Full-Text, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Scopus, SocINDEX, and SPORTDiscus With Full-Text) on June 12, 2017.

Study Selection
Randomized controlled trials and controlled trials examining the effects of exercise interventions designed to improve balance in youths with Down syndrome were included.

Data Extraction
Two authors selected the studies and extracted their characteristics and results. Three authors assessed the risk of bias in the studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.

Data Synthesis
Eleven studies, published between 2010 and 2017, met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that exercise interventions were more effective than control conditions for improving the static balance of children with Down syndrome and the static-dynamic balance (ie, global balance score obtained with a scale measuring both static and dynamic balance) of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Nevertheless, the findings on dynamic balance in children and static balance in adolescents were inconclusive.

Limitations
With a small number of studies and their high risk of bias, the present findings must be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions
The reviewed exercise interventions were successful in improving the static balance of children with Down syndrome and the static-dynamic balance of children and adolescents with Down syndrome.
Gender Expertise in Public Policymaking: The European Women’s Lobby and the EU Maternity Leave Directive
Authors: Seibicke Helena 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Civil society organizations are involved in EU policymaking processes, but are faced with the potential dilemma of providing efficient expertise while at the same time advocating for their interests. This article asks whether the European Women’s Lobby, an EU-level umbrella organization representing women’s interests, manages this inbuilt tension by empirically investigating the balancing of three different types of expertise-based claims (procedural, technical, and normative) in a concrete instance of policymaking, namely the European Maternity Leave Directive. The analysis shows that although the EWL engaged in technical expertise provision, it infused the policy process with normative expertise-based claims.
Evaluating Complexity of Fetal MEG Signals: A Comparison of Different Metrics and Their Applicability
Authors: Moser Julia , Bensaid Siouar , Kroupi Eleni , Schleger Franziska , Wendling Fabrice , Ruffini Giulio , Preißl Hubert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, we aim to investigate whether information based metrics of neural activity are a useful tool for the search for consciousness before and shortly after birth. Neural activity is measured using fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) in human fetuses and neonates. Based on recent theories on consciousness, information-based metrics are established to measure brain complexity and to assess different levels of consciousness. Different metrics (measures of entropy, compressibility and fractality) are, thus, explored in a reference population and their usability is evaluated. For comparative analysis, two fMEG channels were selected: one where brain activity was previously detected and one at least 15cm away, that represented a control channel. The usability of each metric was evaluated and results from the brain and control channel were compared. Concerning the ease of use with fMEG data, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression was evaluated as best, as it is unequivocal and needs low computational effort. The fractality measures have a high parameter space and therefore forfeit comparability, while entropy measures require a higher computational effort and more parameters to adjust compared to LZW. Comparison of a channel with brain activity and a control channel in neonatal recordings showed significant differences in most complexity metrics. This clear difference can be seen as proof of concept for the usability of complexity metrics in fMEG. For fetal data, this comparison produced less clear results which can be related to leftover maternal signals included in the control channel. Further work is necessary to conclusively interpret results from the analysis of fetal recordings. Yet this study shows that complexity metrics can be used for fMEG data on early consciousness and the evaluation gives a guidance for future work. The inconsistency of results from different metrics highlights the challenges of working with complexity metrics as neural correlates of consciousness, as well as the caution one should apply to interpret them.
Persistent anti-heart autoimmunity causes cardiomyocyte damage in chronic heart failure
Authors: Sintou Amalia , Rifai Sarah el , Mansfield Catherine , Sanchez Alonso Jose L. , Rothery Stephen M. , Narodden Salomon , Sharma Keshav , Hasham Muneer G. , Swiatlowska Pamela , Harding Sian E. , Rosenthal Nadia , Gorelik Julia , Sattler Susanne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough clinicians and researchers have long appreciated the detrimental effects of excessive acute inflammation after myocardial infarction (MI), less is known about the role of the adaptive immune system in MI complications including heart failure. Yet, abundant cardiac self-antigens released from necrotic cardiomyocytes in a highly inflammatory environment are likely to overwhelm peripheral mechanisms of immunological self-tolerance and adaptive auto-reactivity against the heart may cause ongoing tissue destruction and exacerbate progression to chronic heart failure (CHF).Here, we confirm that the adaptive immune system is indeed persistently active in CHF due to ischemic heart disease triggered by MI in rats. Heart draining mediastinal lymph nodes contain active secondary follicles with mature class-switched IgG2a positive cells, and mature anti-heart auto-antibodies binding to cardiac epitopes are still present in serum as late as 16 weeks after MI. When applied to healthy cardiomyocytes in vitro, humoral factors present in CHF serum promoted apoptosis, cytotoxicity and signs of hypertrophy.These findings directly implicate post-MI autoimmunity as an integral feature of CHF progression, constituting a roadblock to effective regeneration and a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Small Molecule Screening in Zebrafish Embryos Identifies Signaling Pathways Regulating Early Thyroid Development
Authors: Haerlingen Benoit , Opitz Robert , Vandernoot Isabelle , Trubiroha Achim , Gillotay Pierre , Giusti Nicoletta , Costagliola Sabine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDefects in embryonic development of the thyroid gland are a major cause for congenital hypothyroidism in human newborns but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Organ development relies on a tightly regulated interplay between extrinsic signaling cues and cell intrinsic factors. At present, however, there is limited knowledge about the specific extrinsic signaling cues that regulate foregut endoderm patterning, thyroid cell specification and subsequent morphogenetic processes in thyroid development.MethodsTo begin to address this problem in a systematic way, we used zebrafish embryos to perform a series ofin vivophenotype-driven chemical genetic screens to identify signaling cues regulating early thyroid development. For this purpose, we treated zebrafish embryos during different developmental periods with a panel of small molecule compounds known to manipulate the activity of major signaling pathways and scored phenotypic deviations in thyroid, endoderm and cardiovascular development using whole mountin situhybridization and transgenic fluorescent reporter models.ResultsSystematic assessment of drugged embryos recovered a range of thyroid phenotypes including expansion, reduction or lack of the early thyroid anlage, defective thyroid budding as well as hypoplastic, enlarged or overtly disorganized presentation of the thyroid primordium after budding. Our pharmacological screening identified BMP and FGF signaling as key factors for thyroid specification and early thyroid organogenesis, highlight the importance of low Wnt activities during early development for thyroid specification and implicate drug-induced cardiac and vascular anomalies as likely indirect mechanisms causing various forms of thyroid dysgenesis.ConclusionsBy integrating the outcome of our screening efforts with previously available information from other model organisms includingXenopus, chicken and mouse, we conclude that signaling cues regulating thyroid development appear broadly conserved across vertebrates. We therefore expect that observations made in zebrafish can inform mammalian models of thyroid organogenesis to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of congenital thyroid diseases.
Marked changes in diversity and relative activity of picoeukaryotes with depth in the global ocean
Authors: Giner Caterina R. , Balagué Vanessa , Pernice Massimo C. , Duarte Carlos M. , Gasol Josep M. , Logares Ramiro , Massana Ramon 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMicrobial eukaryotes are key components of the ocean plankton. Yet, our understanding of their community composition and activity in different water layers of the ocean is limited, particularly for picoeukaryotes (0.2-3µm cell size). Here we examined the picoeukaryotic communities inhabiting different vertical zones of the tropical and subtropical global ocean: surface, deep chlorophyll maximum, mesopelagic (including the deep scattering layer and minimum oxygen zone) and bathypelagic. Communities were analysed by high-throughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene, as represented by DNA (community structure) and RNA (metabolic expression), followed by delineation of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). We found a clear stratification of the picoeukaryotic communities along the water column, with two differentiated assemblages corresponding to the sunlit and dark ocean. Specific taxonomic groups either increased or decreased their abundances with depth. We used the rRNA:rDNA ratio of each individual OTU as a proxy of its metabolic activity. The highest relative activity was found in the mesopelagic layer for most taxonomic groups, and the lowest in the bathypelagic. Overall, our results characterize the change in community structure and activity of picoeukaryotes in the global-ocean water column, suggesting that the mesopeagic layer is a hot-spot of picoeukaryotic activity.
Hippocampal and neocortical oscillations are tuned to behavioral state in freely-behaving macaques
Authors: Talakoub Omid , Sayegh Patricia , Womelsdorf Thilo , Zinke Wolf , Fries Pascal , Lewis Christopher M. , Hoffman Kari L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWireless recordings in macaque neocortex and hippocampus showed stronger theta oscillations during early-stage sleep than during alert volitional movement including walking. In contrast, hippocampal beta and gamma oscillations were prominent during walking and other active behaviors. These relations between hippocampal rhythms and behavioral states in the primate differ markedly from those observed in rodents. Primate neocortex showed similar changes in spectral content across behavioral state as the hippocampus.
A large proportion of poor birth outcomes among Aboriginal Western Australians are attributable to smoking, alcohol and substance misuse, and assault
Authors: Gibberd Alison J. , Simpson Judy M. , Jones Jocelyn , Williams Robyn , Stanley Fiona , Eades Sandra J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal infants have poorer birth outcomes than non-Aboriginal infants. Harmful use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances is higher among Aboriginal women, as is violence, due to factors such as intergenerational trauma and poverty. We estimated the proportion of small for gestational age (SGA) births, preterm births, and perinatal deaths that could be attributed to these risks.MethodsBirth, hospital, mental health, and death records for Aboriginal singleton infants born in Western Australia from 1998-2010 and their parents were linked. Using logistic regression with a generalized estimating equation approach, associations with birth outcomes and population attributable fractions were estimated after adjusting for demographic factors and maternal health during pregnancy.ResultsOf 28,119 births, 16% of infants were SGA, 13% were preterm, and 2% died perinatally. 51% of infants were exposedin uteroto at least one of the risk factors and the fractions attributable to them were 37% (SGA), 16% (preterm) and 20% (perinatal death).ConclusionsA large proportion of adverse outcomes were attributable to the modifiable risk factors of substance use and assault. Significant improvements in Aboriginal perinatal health are likely to follow reductions in these risk factors. These results highlight the importance of identifying and implementing risk reduction measures which are effective in, and supported by, Aboriginal women, families, and communities.