bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral volatiles identification and molecular differentiation of Osmanthus fragrans by neutral desorption extractive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Liu Jianchuan , Wang Yanan , Chingin Konstantin , Hua Rong , Zhu Liang , Rahman Md. Matiur , Frankevich Vladimir , Chen Huanwen 
Published: August 2019

RationaleFloral volatiles are commonly present only at trace amounts and can be degraded or lost during vapor collection, which is often challenging from the analytical standpoint. Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is a widely cultivated plant known for the highly distinct fragrance of its flowers. The identification of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and molecular differentiation of O. fragrans without any chemical pretreatment and VOC collection are important.MethodsTwenty‐eight VOCs released by the flowers from ten different cultivars of O. fragrans were identified using neutral desorption extractive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ND‐EAPCI‐MS) without any chemical pretreatment or VOC collection. Chemical identification was performed by high‐resolution MSn analysis and whenever possible was confirmed by the analysis of standards.ResultsAccording to our literature search, nine of the identified VOCs, 3‐buten‐2‐one, cyclohexadiene, 2‐methylfuran, 3‐allylcyclohexene, cuminyl alcohol, hotrienol oxide, epoxy‐linalool oxide, N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) octanamide, and 3‐hydroxy‐dihydro‐β‐ionone, have not been reported in O. fragrans in earlier studies. Confident differentiation between ten different cultivars of O. fragrans was achieved by the principal component analysis of the mass spectrometric results.ConclusionsThe results of our ND‐EAPCI‐MS analysis substantially increase our knowledge about the chemistry of the O. fragrans floral fragrance and demonstrate the power of this technique for direct molecular profiling for plant recognition or in biotechnological applications.
Disturbance observer–based adaptive boundary layer sliding mode controller for a type of nonlinear multiple‐input multiple‐output system
Authors: Gandikota Gurumurthy , Das Dushmanta Kumar 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a disturbance observer–based adaptive boundary layer sliding mode controller (ABLSMC) is proposed to compensate external disturbance and system uncertainty for a class of output coupled multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. To show the effectiveness of the proposed ABLMSC, a traditional adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) is also designed. The stability of the closed‐loop system is examined by using the Lyapunov stability approach. The proposed control approach is implemented for a class of nonlinear output coupled MIMO systems. For real‐time validation, a coupled tank system is considered for study. Finally, simulation and real‐time results show that the proposed ABLMSC gives better performance such as reduced chattering and energy efficiency than that of the ASMC and some reported works in the literature.
A novel approach to L1 filter design for asynchronously switched positive linear systems with dwell time
Authors: Li Yang , Du Wenju , Xu Xiaozeng , Zhang Hongbin , Xia Jianwei 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the L1 filtering problem is studied for continuous‐time switched positive linear systems (SPLSs) with a small delay existing in the switching of the filter and the subsystem. Unlike the existing literature concerned with asynchronous problems of SPLSs, the synchronous and asynchronous filters will be designed separately, which implies less conservative results. By introducing a class of clock‐dependent Lyapunov function (CDLF), which jumps down when the modes of the filter or the subsystem change and may increase or decrease during the asynchronous interval, clock‐dependent sufficient conditions characterizing a nonweighted L1‐gain performance of the filter error systems are established. Then, based on the L1 analysis results, a pair of error‐bounding filters are designed to estimate the outputs of SPLSs. The filter gains can be obtained by solving a set of linear programming. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness and advantages of the results.
Input/output‐to‐state stability of impulsive switched delay systems
Authors: Hong Shanshan , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the input/output‐to‐state stability (IOSS) and integral IOSS (iIOSS) of nonlinear impulsive switched delay systems where the switching moments and impulsive moments do not necessarily coincide with each other. Some Razumikhin‐type criteria are presented to guarantee the IOSS and iIOSS of the systems, where both destabilizing and stabilizing effects of switching behavior and impulses are considered simultaneously. The counterpart results for impulsive switched systems without delay can be naturally obtained. Several examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed results.
Pulses of seed release in riparian Salicaceae coincide with high atmospheric temperature
Authors: Bourgeois Bérenger , González Eduardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRiparian shrubs and trees in the Salicaceae family release their seeds when floods that create nursery sites for germination are more frequent, but little is known about the factors controlling temporal variations in seed release within the seed release period. The seed release of three riparian tree species dominating European floodplain forests (Populus alba L., Populus nigra L., and Salix alba L.) was monitored in spring 2007 and 2008 using seed traps placed along the Middle Ebro River, NE Spain. Correlations relating biweekly seed rain intensity (seeds trapped per square meter) to meteorological (atmospheric temperature, cumulative precipitation, relative humidity, solar radiation, mean wind speed) and hydrological (river discharge) variables were investigated. The best combination of environmental variables explaining seed rain intensity was identified using an Akaike information selection criterion‐based backward selection, after accounting for temporal autocorrelation both in seed rain intensity and environmental variables. Seed rain correlated positively with temperature for P. alba, P. nigra, and S. alba, though its effect decreased with relative humidity for P. nigra. Our results can help fine‐tune the design of environmental flows to promote sexual recruitment of Salicaceae trees: Planning water releases during the hottest days of the seed dispersal period, when seed rain peaks, should maximize seed germination density and thus increase the potential for successful seedling establishment.
Changes in the flow regimes associated with climate change and human activities in the Yangtze River
Authors: Cheng Junxiang , Xu Ligang , Fan Hongxiang , Jiang Jiahu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydrologic regimes are increasingly altered under the impacts of climate change and human activities. Streamflow data from 1960 to 2014 were analysed to investigate changes in the flow regimes in the Yangtze River using multiple hydrologic metrics and the Budyko framework. The long‐term data were separated into two periods: the preimpact period (1960–2002) and the postimpact period (2003–2014), according to the year the Three Gorges Dam began operation. The results showed that both indicators of hydrologic alteration and ecoflow metrics were clearly altered. The highly changed indicators included flow in February, annual minimum 1‐, 3‐, 7‐, 30‐, and 90‐day flows, base flow index, date of annual minimum flow, and low pulse duration. The integrated degree of hydrologic alteration ranged from 41% to 61%, indicating a moderate alteration of the flow regimes in the Yangtze River. The regulation of the Three Gorges Dam increased low flow and weakened peak flow, which resulted in autumn ecodeficit and winter ecosurplus increasing dramatically since the 2000s. The ecoflow metrics were more sensitive to precipitation than to potential evapotranspiration. The joint effects of human activities and climate change varied among the river reaches in the different decades. The streamflow was mainly affected by human activities in the upper reach during the 1970s–1990s, with a contribution ratio ranging from 63% to 77%. Climate change shifted to a major contributor in the middle and lower reaches since the 1980s as well as in the upper reach in 2000–2014, accounting for 50–82% of the streamflow changes. These different responses were primarily caused by the variations of precipitation and intensive human activities, particularly the rapid growth of reservoirs and other large projects since the 1970s in the upper Yangtze River. These results provide interesting insights into the spatio‐temporal hydrologic alteration across the Yangtze River.
Myometrial Cells Stimulate Self-Renewal of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells Through WNT5A/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Cao Mingzhu , Chan Rachel W. S. , Cheng Fiona H. C. , Li Jiangxue , Li Tianqi , Pang Ronald T. K. , Lee Cheuk-Lun , Li Raymond H. W. , Ng Ernest H. Y. , Chiu Philip C. N. , Yeung William S. B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Human endometrium undergoes cycles of proliferation and differentiation throughout the reproductive years of women. The endometrial stem/progenitor cells contribute to this regenerative process. They lie in the basalis layer of the endometrium next to the myometrium. We hypothesized that human myometrial cells provide niche signals regulating the activities of endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells (eMSCs). In vitro coculture of myometrial cells enhanced the colony-forming and self-renewal ability of eMSCs. The cocultured eMSCs retained their multipotent characteristic and exhibited a greater total cell output when compared with medium alone culture. The expression of active β-catenin in eMSCs increased significantly after coculture with myometrial cells, suggesting activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Secretory factors in spent medium from myometrial cell culture produced the same stimulatory effects on eMSCs. The involvement of WNT/β-catenin signaling in self-renewal of eMSCs was confirmed with the use of WNT activator (Wnt3A conditioned medium) and WNT inhibitors (XAV939 and inhibitor of Wnt Production-2 [IWP-2]). The myometrial cells expressed more WNT5A than other WNT ligands. Recombinant WNT5A stimulated whereas anti-WNT5A antibody suppressed the colony formation, self-renewal, and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcriptional activities of eMSCs. Moreover, eMSCs expressed FZD4 and LRP5. WNT5A is known to activate the canonical WNT signaling in the presence of these receptor components. WNT antagonist, DKK1, binds to LRP5/6. Consistently, DKK1 treatment nullified the stimulatory effect of myometrial cell coculture. In conclusion, our findings show that the myometrial cells are niche components of eMSCs, modulating the self-renewal activity of eMSCs by WNT5A-dependent activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Stem Cells 2019;37:1455–1466
The origin of Humboldt and Bonpland's holotype of Oncidium ornithorhynchum, clarified using +200‐year‐old DNA
Authors: Contreras‐Ortiz Natalia , Rodríguez‐García Teresa , Quintanilla Sonia , Bernal‐Villegas Jaime , Madriñán Santiago , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: August 2019

Oncidium ornithorhynchum, an epiphytic orchid characterized by erect, pyramidal inflorescences and small yellow flowers, is found in the northern Andes. However, according to the protologue, the type was collected in Mexico during Humboldt and Bonpland's American expedition (1800–1804). To clarify this problem, we extracted DNA from the ancient holotype. Short‐range PCRs for plastid (matK‐trnK, trnH‐psbA, ycf1) and nuclear (nrITS) markers were established and used to infer its phylogenetic placement with several related Central American and Andean orchid species. This provided well‐supported and close relationships of the holotype with other North Andean orchids, proving that the locus classicus was confounded. Also O. sotoanum from Mexico, with which O. ornithorhynchum has often been confused, was only distantly related.
Nutrients, eutrophication and harmful algal blooms along the freshwater to marine continuum
Authors: Wurtsbaugh Wayne A. , Paerl Hans W. , Dodds Walter K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAgricultural, urban and industrial activities have dramatically increased aquatic nitrogen and phosphorus pollution (eutrophication), threatening water quality and biotic integrity from headwater streams to coastal areas world‐wide. Eutrophication creates multiple problems, including hypoxic “dead zones” that reduce fish and shellfish production; harmful algal blooms that create taste and odor problems and threaten the safety of drinking water and aquatic food supplies; stimulation of greenhouse gas releases; and degradation of cultural and social values of these waters. Conservative estimates of annual costs of eutrophication have indicated $1 billion losses for European coastal waters and $2.4 billion for lakes and streams in the United States. Scientists have debated whether phosphorus, nitrogen, or both need to be reduced to control eutrophication along the freshwater to marine continuum, but many management agencies worldwide are increasingly opting for dual control. The unidirectional flow of water and nutrients through streams, rivers, lakes, estuaries and ultimately coastal oceans adds additional complexity, as each of these ecosystems may be limited by different factors. Consequently, the reduction of just one nutrient upstream to control eutrophication can allow the export of other nutrients downstream where they may stimulate algal production. The technology exists for controlling eutrophication, but many challenges remain for understanding and managing this global environmental problem.This article is categorized under:Science of Water > Water QualityWater and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Climate change and the far right
Authors: Forchtner Bernhard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years two crises have populated the imagination of publics: environmental crises, ranging from, for example, water and air pollution to climate change, and the crisis of liberal democracy, illustrated by the rise of far‐right actors across Europe, the United States and beyond. While these environmental and political crises have been analyzed on their own, little research has been done on their nexus. Against this background, this focus article reviews existing academic literature on far‐right climate‐change communication by European party and nonparty actors, that is, climate‐change communication from a distinctively ethno‐nationalist and authoritarian perspective. The far right is not a homogenous entity but best viewed as a continuum, ranging from radical‐right, anti‐liberal democracy actors to extreme‐right, anti‐democracy ones. This contribution to WIREs Climate Change argues that many, though not all, far‐right party and nonparty actors are skeptical towards (anthropogenic) climate change and/or responses to it, at least in comparison to the European mainstream. The article does so by reviewing existing research before formulating areas for further research.This article is categorized under:Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Social Movements
RNA mimicry in post‐transcriptional regulation by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
Authors: Levi Ofri , Garin Shahar , Arava Yoav 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are well studied for their roles in tRNA charging with cognate amino acid. Nevertheless, numerous lines of evidence indicate that these proteins have roles other than tRNA charging. These include coordination of cellular signaling cascades, induction of cytokines outside the cell and transcription regulation. Herein, we focus on their roles in post‐transcriptional regulation of mRNA expression. We describe functions that are related to antitermination of transcription, RNA splicing and mRNA translation. Cases were recognition of mRNA by the aaRS involves recognition of tRNA‐like structures are described. Such recognition may be achieved by repurposing tRNA‐binding domains or through domains added to the aaRS later in evolution. Furthermore, we describe cases in which binding by aaRS is implicated in autogenous regulation of expression. Overall, we propose RNA‐mimicry as a common mode of interaction between aaRS and mRNA which allows efficient expression regulation.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Regulation
Introduction: Why Entrepreneurship?
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe European Union suffers from an innovation deficit, which must be remedied if the EU is to improve the quality of life of its citizens and remain competitive in the global marketplace. We explain why productive entrepreneurship is a way towards restoring inclusive, innovative, and sustainable growth in Europe before presenting the theoretical framework of the experimentally organized economy, a perspective stressing the collaborative nature of productive entrepreneurial venturing. The perspective helps us outline an entrepreneurial reform strategy, which acknowledges the substantial cross-country differences across the union. Since each EU member state has evolved its particular bundle of institutions, many of which are complementary to one another, a one-size-fits-all approach to reforming institutions is likely to fail. Finally, we summarize the six reform areas which will be addressed in subsequent chapters, and formulate six guiding principles—neutrality, transparency, moderation, contestability, legality, and justifiability—for developing tailored reform strategies for the European Union, its member states, and regions.
Savings, Finance, and Capital for Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo promote an entrepreneurial society, many of the institutions that mobilize and allocate savings and financial resources in the European Union must be reformed. The proposals in this area seek to address the bias against small, innovative, and young ventures in Europe’s financial markets, dominated by banks and large pension funds. These intermediaries tend to prefer large debt-based investments over the small equity investments that young ventures need, and the problem is exacerbated by perverse tax incentives. In addition, we discuss reforms that can support the emergence of new, platform-based intermediation in financial markets. Competencies for reform are divided among member states and the Union, but often fall outside the traditional scope of entrepreneurship policy.
Labor Markets and Social Security in the Entrepreneurial Society
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreasing the availability of skilled labor to small and innovative ventures is imperative if entrepreneurship and innovation are to flourish within the European Union. Building up a qualitatively and quantitatively fitting labor force is always a challenge for new, growing ventures, but Europe’s labor market and social security systems tend to create specific barriers to such growth. By aiming for neutrality and portability in social security systems, we propose reforms that will increase the mobility and flexibility of labor, while maintaining a generous level of social security and labor protection. As competencies in labor markets and social security are concentrated at the member state level, the proposals made in this chapter mainly speak to policymakers at that level. Moreover, our proposals extend the scope of what is traditionally considered entrepreneurship policy.
Making Entrepreneurship Policy or Entrepreneurial Policymaking
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus , Sanders Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo promote innovation and economic growth in the European Union, we have outlined a reform strategy with respect to the institutions and policies that matter the most for fostering a productive entrepreneurial economy. Here, we conclude by summarizing all the previous chapters and discussing how the 50 proposals presented can be used as building blocks but should not be considered a blueprint for institutional reform in the European Union. Rather, implementing reforms for an entrepreneurial society in Europe will have to involve policymaking which is itself entrepreneurial. That is, fast cycles of trial and error will be required to carefully tailor a reform strategy to local conditions and institutional preconditions. But policymakers should not lose sight of the long-term goal of institutional reform to promote entrepreneurship, innovation, and growth across Europe and extend their ambitions to do so beyond the traditional domain of entrepreneurship policy.
Neutrophil proteome shifts over the myocardial infarction time continuum
Authors: Daseke Michael J. , Valerio Fritz M. , Kalusche William J. , Ma Yonggang , DeLeon-Pennell Kristine Y. , Lindsey Merry L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn response to myocardial infarction (MI), neutrophils (PMNs) are early responders that initiate the inflammatory reaction. Because macrophages and fibroblasts show polarization states after MI, we hypothesized PMNs also undergo phenotypic changes over the MI time course. The objective of the current study was to map the continuum of polarization phenotypes in cardiac neutrophils over the first week of MI. C57BL/6J male mice (3–6 months old) underwent permanent coronary artery ligation to induce MI, and PMNs were isolated from the infarct region at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after MI. Day 0 served as a no MI negative control. Aptamer proteomics was performed on biological replicates (n = 10–12) for each time point. Day (D)1 MI neutrophils had a high degranulation profile with increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. D3 MI neutrophil profiles showed upregulation of apoptosis and induction of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. D5 MI neutrophils further increased their ECM reorganization profile. D7 MI neutrophils had a reparative signature that included expression of fibronectin, galectin-3, and fibrinogen to contribute to scar formation by stimulating ECM reorganization. Of note, fibronectin was a key modulator of degranulation, as it amplified MMP-9 release in the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. Our results indicate that neutrophils selectively degranulate over the MI time course, reflective of both their intrinsic protein profiles as well as the ECM environment in which they reside. MMPs, cathepsins, and ECM proteins were prominent neutrophil degranulation indicators.