bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic findings of cervical Papanicolaou tests from transgender patients on androgen therapy: Challenges in detecting dysplasia
Authors: Adkins B. D. , Barlow A. B. , Jack A. , Schultenover S. J. , Desouki M. M. , Coogan A. C. , Weiss V. L. 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThe characteristic features of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests collected from female‐to‐male (FTM) transgender patients on androgen therapy have not been well defined in the literature. FTM transgender patients require cervical cancer screening with the same recommended frequency as cis‐gender females. Dysplasia remains challenging to differentiate from atrophy. Without pertinent history, the atrophic findings in younger transgender patients can be misinterpreted as high‐grade dysplasia.MethodsA review of all cervical Pap tests of transgender patients receiving androgen therapy (2010‐2017) was performed. Bethesda diagnosis, cytomorphological features, HPV testing and cervical biopsy results were reviewed.ResultsEleven transgender patients receiving androgen therapy were identified with 23 cervical Pap tests, 11 HPV tests and five cervical biopsies performed. A review of the Pap tests demonstrated: 57% negative for intraepithelial lesion; 13% unsatisfactory; 13% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; 13% atypical squamous cells – cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; and 4% high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The rates of abnormal tests were higher than our age‐matched cis‐gender atrophic cohort rates of unsatisfactory (0.5%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (7%), atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (0%) and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (0.5%). The cytological findings from liquid‐based preparations included dispersed and clustered parabasal‐type cells, scattered degenerated cells, smooth evenly dispersed chromatin, and occasional mild nuclear enlargement and irregularity. Dysplastic cells had larger nuclei, hyperchromatic clumped chromatin, and more irregular nuclear contours.ConclusionsThe evaluation of dysplasia can be challenging on Pap tests from transgender patients on androgen therapy. The cohort evaluated had higher rates of unsatisfactory and abnormal Pap tests. Pathologists should be familiar with the distinctive cytomorphological changes in the Pap tests from patients on androgen therapy to evaluate them appropriately.
The effect of grazing intensity on the performance of high‐yielding dairy cows
Authors: Dale A. J. , Laidlaw A. S. , McGettrick S. , Gordon A. , Ferris C. P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe study evaluated the impact of High, Moderate and Low grazing intensities throughout the grazing season, within a rotational stocking system, on the performance of high‐yielding dairy cows receiving a high level of concentrates. Sixty‐three Holstein‐Friesian dairy cows, 21 at each grazing intensity, were rotationally grazed. Average paddock size, post‐grazing sward heights and seasonal grazing stocking rates within the High, Moderate and Low grazing intensities were 0.143, 0.167 and 0.200 hectares, 5.2, 6.1 and 6.8 cm and 7.8, 6.7 and 5.6 cows ha−1respectively. Grazing intensity had no effect on milk fat and protein content, end‐of‐study body condition score or end‐of‐study live weight although the latter tended towards significance (p = .057). Average daily milk yield per cow was higher within the Low grazing intensity (33.2 kg day−1) than High grazing intensity (30.5 kg day−1), and average daily fat‐plus‐protein yield was higher for Low and Moderate than High. Milk output per hectare was higher for the High grazing intensity than Low grazing intensity (33,544 and 26,215 kg ha−1respectively). Grazing intensity had no effect on grazing bite number, blood metabolites or concentrations of milk fatty acids or on sward morphological components, although dead matter increased with time across all grazing intensities. Herbage utilization efficiency (above 1,600 kg DM ha−1) was 52%, 74% and 87% for Low, Moderate and High respectively. It is concluded that high‐producing dairy cows can graze at high levels of utilization when they are receiving high rates of concentrates. Although cow performance will be reduced, milk yield per ha will increase.
Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part I. Non‐syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas: classification, clinical and genetic features
Authors: Guerra L. , Castori M. , Didona B. , Castiglia D. , Zambruno G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe term palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) indicates any form of persistent thickening of the epidermis of palms and soles and includes genetic as well as acquired conditions. We review the nosology of hereditary PPKs that comprise an increasing number of entities with different prognoses, and a multitude of associated cutaneous and extracutaneous features. On the basis of the phenotypic consequences of the underlying genetic defect, hereditary PPKs may be divided into the following: (i) non‐syndromic, isolated PPKs, which are characterized by a unique or predominant palmoplantar involvement; (ii) non‐syndromic PPKs with additional distinctive cutaneous and adnexal manifestations, here named complex PPKs; (iii) syndromic PPKs, in which PPK is associated with specific extracutaneous manifestations. To date, the diagnosis of the different hereditary PPKs is based mainly on clinical history and features combined with histopathological findings. In recent years, the exponentially increasing use of next‐generation sequencing technologies has led to the identification of several novel disease genes, and thus substantially contributed to elucidate the molecular basis of such a heterogeneous group of disorders. Here, we focus on hereditary non‐syndromic isolated and complex PPKs. Syndromic PPKs are reviewed in the second part of this 2‐part article, where other well‐defined genetic diseases, which may present PPK among their phenotypic manifestations, are also listed and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PPKs are summarized.
A Rewriting Experiment of Modernity from the Perspective of Connected Histories: Taiwan as a Laboratory of Modernity
Authors: Tang Chih‐Chieh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper aims at a new understanding of modernity from the perspective of connected history. It demonstrates that with the case of Taiwan, so‐called ‘modernity’ emerged from the interactions and connections among the various regions, cultures, and civilizations. Thus, modernity has been entangled since its birth, and has had diverse variants. When we combine this reconceptualization of modernity with the concept of functional differentiation as the most essential structural condition of modernity, a theoretical escape from the trap of Eurocentrism emerges; additionally, we are able to integrate sociological theoretical reflections with the advancements of world history study.
Sex‐based differences in bleeding and long‐term adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention in older patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Xu Na , Tang Xiao‐Fang , Zhao Xue‐Yan , Chen Jue , Gao Zhan , Qiao Shu‐bin , Yang Yue‐jin , Gao Run‐Lin , Xu Bo , Yuan Jin‐Qing 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesDifferences in outcomes for women and men after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in older patients remain controversial. Herein, we compared 2‐year outcomes by sex in Chinese older patients undergoing PCI.MethodsA total of 4926 consecutive patients (33.6% women, age ≥60 years, mean age 67.4 ± 5.7 years) who underwent PCI at a single center in China from January 2013 to December 2013 were included in this study. The primary endpoint was 2‐year risk of bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definitions. The secondary endpoints included 2‐year risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Hazard ratios were generated using multivariable Cox regression.ResultsCompared with men, women had significantly higher rates of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (0.8% vs 0.2%, P = 0.001), cardiac death (0.5% vs 0.1%, P = 0.006), MACCE (2.4% vs 1.5%, P = 0.017), and bleeding (0.4% vs 0.1%, P = 0.015). At 2‐year follow up, there were no differences between men and women for all‐cause mortality (1.9% vs 1.8%, P = 0.839) and 2‐year MACCE (13.1% vs 11.8%, P = 0.216). However, women had a higher risk of 2‐year bleeding (9.2% vs 6.2%, P < 0.001), which persisted after adjusting for baseline differences and treatment characteristics (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.06‐1.71; P = 0.014).ConclusionWe found that older women undergoing PCI were at increased risk of 2‐year bleeding compared with men. Further dedicated studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Vitamin D levels and risk for periodontal disease: A systematic review
Authors: Pinto J. P. N. S. , Goergen J. , Muniz F. W. M. G. , Haas A. N. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the existing evidence supporting or refuting the following questions: (i) Do patients with lower vitamin D levels have higher risk for periodontal disease? (ii) Are periodontal treatment outcomes improved by the adjuvant supplementation of vitamin D or by elevated serum vitamin D levels?Material and MethodsMEDLINE,SCOPUS,EMBASEand Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched up to September 2017. Studies were included if they had measured serum vitamin D levels or vitamin D intake and any periodontal parameter.ResultsOverall, 27 studies were included (13 cross‐sectional studies, 6 case‐control studies, 5 cohort studies, 2 randomized clinical trials and 1 case series study). Sixty‐five percent of the cross‐sectional studies reported significant associations between low vitamin D levels and poor periodontal parameters. None of the observational longitudinal studies found that periodontal disease progression could be attributed to lower vitamin D levels. No interventional studies that evaluated the use of vitamin D supplementation as a solely adjuvant to periodontal treatment was found. No meta‐analysis was performed due to high variability across studies.ConclusionThe data to support or refute the association between vitamin D levels and periodontal disease are inconclusive at the moment. More rigorously designed longitudinal studies with standardized definitions of periodontal disease and vitamin D are necessary.
Intra‐operative high‐resolution mapping of slow wave propagation in the human jejunum: Feasibility and initial results
Authors: Angeli T. R. , O'Grady G. , Vather R. , Bissett I. P. , Cheng L. K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundBioelectrical slow waves are a coordinating mechanism of small intestine motility, but extracellular human studies have been restricted to a limited number of sparse electrode recordings. High‐resolution (HR) mapping has offered substantial insights into spatiotemporal intestinal slow wave dynamics, but has been limited to animal studies to date. This study aimed to translate intra‐operative HR mapping to define pacemaking and conduction profiles in the human small intestine.MethodsImmediately following laparotomy, flexible‐printed‐circuit arrays were applied around the serosa of the proximal jejunum (128‐256 electrodes; 4‐5.2 mm spacing; 28‐59 cm2). Slow wave propagation patterns were mapped, and frequencies, amplitudes, downstroke widths, and velocities were calculated. Pacemaking and propagation patterns were defined.Key ResultsAnalysis comprised nine patients with mean recording duration of 7.6 ± 2.8 minutes. Slow waves occurred at a frequency of 9.8 ± 0.4 cpm, amplitude 0.3 ± 0.04 mV, downstroke width 0.5 ± 0.1 seconds, and with faster circumferential velocity than longitudinal (10.1 ± 0.8 vs 9.0 ± 0.7 mm/s; P = .001). Focal pacemakers were identified and mapped (n = 4; mean frequency 9.9 ± 0.2 cpm). Disordered slow wave propagation was observed, including wavefront collisions, conduction blocks, and breakout and entrainment of pacemakers.Conclusions & InferencesThis study introduces HR mapping of human intestinal slow waves, and provides first descriptions of intestinal pacemaker sites and velocity anisotropy. Future translation to other intestinal regions, disease states, and postsurgical dysmotility holds potential for improving the basic and clinical understanding of small intestine pathophysiology.
Electroacupuncture for patients with refractory functional dyspepsia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zheng H. , Xu J. , Sun X. , Zeng F. , Li Y. , Wu X. , Li J. , Zhao L. , Chang X.‐R. , Liu M. , Gong B. , Li X.‐Z. , Liang F.‐R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo test the efficacy of electroacupuncture for patients with refractory functional dyspepsia (FD).MethodsA 24‐week, 2‐arm, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted at three hospitals in China. Patients with refractory FD were randomly assigned to receive 20 sessions of authentic or sham electroacupuncture in a treatment duration of 4 weeks. The primary outcome was complete absence of dyspeptic symptoms at 16 weeks after initiation of acupuncture (week 16). The secondary outcomes included adequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms, Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (LDQ), Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), and adverse events. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed.Key ResultsTwo hundred patients were included, of which 196 (98%) completed follow‐up data at week 24. At week 16, 17 (17%) patients in the authentic electroacupuncture group vs 6 (6%) patients in the sham group achieved the primary outcome (P = .014). Sixty‐two (62%) patients had adequate relief in the authentic electroacupuncture group, as compared to 22 (22%) in the sham group (P = .001). The scores of LDQ and NDI were significantly improved in both groups at week 16, and patients in the authentic electroacupuncture group have more improvements (LDQ, mean difference, −2.2, 95% confidence interval, −2.3 to −2.1, P < .001; NDI, −7.3, −10.5 to −4.2, P < .001). Results were similar for all the outcomes assessed at week 24. No serious adverse events were reported in both groups.ConclusionAcupuncture efficaciously improves dyspeptic symptoms in patients with refractory FD.
Changes in maxillofacial morphology due to improvement of nasal obstruction in rats
Authors: Sato T. , Yamaguchi M. , Murakami Y. , Horigome Y. , Negishi S. , Kasai K. 
Published: March 2018

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of release of experimentally introduced nasal obstruction on maxillofacial morphology and percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in rats.Materials and MethodsSix‐week‐old male Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided into a control group (n = 6) and a nasal obstruction group (n = 30). In the nasal obstruction group, the right nostril was occluded with silicon, which was subsequently removed after a given experimental period (days 7, 21, 35, 49 and 63). These animals were then divided into groups D7, D21, D35, D49 and D63 (each n = 6), according to the day at which the obstruction was released. The SpO2 was measured in rats with nasal obstruction at five experimental points. The maxillofacial morphology in rats on the first day and 63 days after the start of the experiment was evaluated by microcomputed tomography.ResultsThe SpO2 was still lower at 2 weeks after the improvement of the nasal obstruction in the D49 group than in the control group. In addition, the height of the nasal maxillary complex of the D35, D49 and D63 groups was significantly decreased compared with the control group.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that long‐term unilateral nasal obstruction in growing rats may affect the growth of the nasomaxillary complex and reduce the SpO2 permanently. Therefore, early improvement of nasal obstruction in rats during the growth period may improve the SpO2 and cranial development and promote normal growth and development.
MicroRNA‐622 is a novel mediator of tumorigenicity in melanoma by targeting Kirsten rat sarcoma
Authors: Dietrich Peter , Kuphal Silke , Spruss Thilo , Hellerbrand Claus , Bosserhoff Anja K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe network of molecular players is similar when comparing neural crest‐derived, actively migrating melanoblasts to melanoma cells. However, melanoblasts are sensitive to differentiation‐initiating signals at their target site (epidermis), while melanoma cells maintain migratory and undifferentiated features. We aimed at identifying downregulated genes in melanoma that are particularly upregulated in melanoblasts. Loss of such genes could contribute to stabilization of a dedifferentiated, malignant phenotype in melanoma. We determined that microRNA‐622 (miR‐622) expression was strongly downregulated in melanoma cells and tissues compared to melanocytes and melanoblast‐related cells. miR‐622 expression correlated with survival of patients with melanoma. miR‐622 re‐expression inhibited clonogenicity, proliferation, and migration in melanoma. Inhibition of miR‐622 in melanocytes induced enhanced migration. Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) was identified as a major functional target of miR‐622 in melanoma. We conclude that miR‐622 is a novel tumor suppressor in melanoma and identify the miR‐622‐KRAS axis as potential therapeutic target.
Role of Potassic Alteration for Porphyry Cu Mineralization: Implication for the Absence of Porphyry Cu Deposits in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Yasushi , Sato Ryuya , Sulaksono Adi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe role of potassic alteration and associated quartz veins for porphyry Cu mineralization in two representative porphyry systems (El Salvador, Chile, and Grasberg, Indonesia) was examined to evaluate the potential of porphyry Cu mineralization in Japan. The reactions between the aqueous magmatic–hydrothermal fluids and host rocks during potassic alteration at El Salvador and Grasberg includes (i) reduction of SO42− in the aqueous fluids due to oxidation of ferrous iron in mafic minerals and (ii) disproportionation of SO2 in the fluids by elevated concentrations of Ca2+ leached by the fluids from igneous plagioclase and hornblende. These reactions resulted in an increase of reduced S species (H2S) in the fluids and promoted Cu sulfide precipitation during the potassic or subsequent chlorite–sericite alteration in the temperature range of 600–400°C.Although numerous magnetite‐series, calc‐alkaline intrusive stocks of dioritic or granodioritic composition are exposed in the Sanin belt of the Cretaceous–Paleogene Southwestern Japan arc and late Miocene Northeast Japan arc, potassic alteration represented by abundant hydrothermal biotite, magnetite, and K‐feldspar is uncommon in these rocks. However, the intrusive rocks may have undergone molybdenite mineralization in association with phyllic alteration, represented by quartz, sericite and pyrite, or chalcopyrite in chlorite–sericite alteration in the subepithermal and epithermal environments at <400°C. The absence of porphyry Cu deposits in the Japanese islands in petrochemically and compositionally favorable intrusive rocks is ascribed to the lack of early quartz veins and poor development of potassic alteration that prevented Cu sulfide precipitation at high temperatures. The lack of early quartz veins and scarcity of potassic‐altered intrusive rocks in Japan is explained by the noncompressional stress field throughout the Japanese islands, which was incapable of maintaining lithostatic pressures during fluid exsolution from the intrusive magmas.
The Importance of Tax Adjustments When Evaluating Wage Expectations*
Authors: Klößner Stefan , Pfeifer Gregor 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing elicited expectations of future gross salaries, we evaluate characteristics causing German students to make larger or smaller estimation errors. While students seem to underestimate actual salaries by 18 percent, we show that these errors are highly attributable to misconceptions of the progressive income tax. Developing a suitable adjustment procedure, we correct students’ estimates and find that errors decline by 12 percentage points. Conducting regression analyses, we reveal strong connections with students’ age, gender, work experience, secondary school track, and knowledge about student loans. These results change notably if not controlling for students’ misconceptions of the tax system.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin in Sepsis Patients: Should Alternative Dosing Strategies Be Considered?
Authors: Andersen Maria Goul , Thorsted Anders , Storgaard Merete , Kristoffersson Anders N. , Friberg Lena E. , Öbrink-Hansen Kristina 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Sufficient antibiotic dosing in septic patients is essential for reducing mortality. Piperacillin-tazobactam is often used for empirical treatment, but due to the pharmacokinetic (PK) variability seen in septic patients, optimal dosing may be a challenge. We determined the PK profile for piperacillin given at 4 g every 8 h in 22 septic patients admitted to a medical ward. Piperacillin concentrations were compared to the clinical breakpoint MIC for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(16 mg/liter), and the following PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets were evaluated: the percentage of the dosing interval that the free drug concentration is maintained above the MIC (
fT
MIC
) of 50% and 100%. A two-compartment population PK model described the data well, with clearance being divided into renal and nonrenal components. The renal component was proportional to the estimated creatinine clearance (eCL
CR
) and constituted 74% of the total clearance in a typical individual (eCL
CR
, 83.9 ml/min). Patients with a high eCL
CR
(>130 ml/min) were at risk of subtherapeutic concentrations for the current regimen, with a 90% probability of target attainment being reached at MICs of 2.0 (50%
fT
MIC
) and 0.125 mg/liter (100%
fT
MIC
). Simulations of alternative dosing regimens and modes of administration showed that dose increment and prolonged infusion increased the chance of achieving predefined PK/PD targets. Alternative dosing strategies may therefore be needed to optimize piperacillin exposure in septic patients. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02569086.)
Complete Genome Sequence of a New Zealand Isolate of the Bovine Pathogen Streptococcus uberis
Authors: Taiaroa George , Harbison-Price Nichaela , Ferguson Scott A. , Carter Glen P. , Williamson Deborah A. , Macknight Richard C. , Cook Gregory M. , Heikal Adam 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus uberis
forms part of the native microbiota of cattle and is able to opportunistically infect the mammary gland; as such, it is a leading cause of bovine mastitis globally. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
S. uberis
NZ01, isolated in New Zealand from a cow with a clinical case of bovine mastitis.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Circulating Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C Strain Isolated from a Chronically Infected Patient Identified at an Outdoor Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Shaha Modhusudon , Das Keshob Chandra , Hossain M. Saddam , Jahan Munira , Hashem Abu , Rahman Sabita Rezwana , Salimullah M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes significant global health problems despite the presence of a potential vaccine. HBV chronic cases are increasing rapidly in developing countries like Bangladesh. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an HBV genotype C strain isolated from a chronic patient identified at an outdoor hospital section.