bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of the Airflow Characteristics of Drying by Ground Air Film
Authors: Yu-lan Zheng , Xiao-yong Peng 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
According to the interference and coupling characteristics among sub-systems of the chassis of the forklift truck, the the neutral network inverse system method of the non-linear system is applied for the decoupling control of the active rear steering (ARS) and the direct yaw moment control (DYC) of the forklift truck. Based on the analysis of the reversibility of the chassis system, a back propagation neutral network reverse system model is set to decouple the chassis system into two independent pseudo-linear system; A PD closed loop controller is designed to comprise a composite controller with the neutral network reverse system and the simulation is performed for verification. The simulation result shows that the decoupling control strategy with the neutral network reverse system can eliminate the interference and coupling among sub-systems of the chassis and thus enhances the status tracking and operating stability of forklift trucks.
The existence and population connectivity of Icelandic spring-spawning herring over a 50-year collapse period
Authors: Óskarsson Guðmundur J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the late 1960s, two local herring stocks and one seasonal migratory herring stock in Icelandic waters collapsed primarily due to overfishing. While the stocks of Icelandic summer-spawning herring (ISSH) and Norwegian spring-spawning herring (NSSH) have recovered, Icelandic spring-spawning herring (ISPH) has not. The main objective of this work is to explore the existence of ISPH and identify potential signs of recovery. Analyses were based on samples from the autumn fishery and survey data from 1962 to 2016. In the autumn, local ISSH and ISPH cohabitated and mixed in the main fishery, where sampled fish were categorized into stocks on basis of maturity stage. The results indicate that the proportion of ISPH was in the range of 13–33% in the 1960s while below 5% and on average 1.4% during 1970–2016. Several year classes of ISPH exhibit notable differences from the general low levels and caused a slight increase in ISPH spawning-stock biomass for corresponding years. An increase in proportion of generally old ISPH around 2004 and 2013 occurred simultaneously with the reappearances of NSSH in the feeding areas east and north of Iceland, respectively. Altogether, it supports earlier suggestions that ISPH might require immigration from NSSH to recover, as these were considered closely related stocks. This is consistent with the source-sink theoretical model of stock size regulation.
Hemorrhagic and Cystic Brain Metastases Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Leptomeningeal Dissemination After Surgical Resection and Adjuvant Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Press Robert H , Zhang Chao , Chowdhary Mudit , Prabhu Roshan S , Ferris Matthew J , Xu Karen M , Olson Jeffrey J , Eaton Bree R , Shu Hui-Kuo G , Curran Walter J , Crocker Ian R , Patel Kirtesh R 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Brain metastases (BM) treated with surgical resection and focal postoperative radiotherapy have been associated with an increased risk of subsequent leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD). BMs with hemorrhagic and/or cystic features contain less solid components and may therefore be at higher risk for tumor spillage during resection.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between hemorrhagic and cystic BMs treated with surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery and the risk of LMD.

METHODS
One hundred thirty-four consecutive patients with a single resected BM treated with adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery from 2008 to 2016 were identified. Intracranial outcomes including LMD were calculated using the cumulative incidence model with death as a competing risk. Univariable analysis and multivariable analysis were assessed using the Fine & Gray model. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS
Median imaging follow-up was 14.2 mo (range 2.5-132 mo). Hemorrhagic and cystic features were present in 46 (34%) and 32 (24%) patients, respectively. The overall 12- and 24-mo cumulative incidence of LMD with death as a competing risk was 11.0 and 22.4%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, hemorrhagic features (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, P = .015), cystic features (HR 2.34, P = .013), breast histology (HR 3.23, P = .016), and number of brain metastases >1 (HR 2.09, P = .032) were independently associated with increased risk of LMD.

CONCLUSION
Hemorrhagic and cystic features were independently associated with increased risk for postoperative LMD. Patients with BMs containing these intralesion features may benefit from alternative treatment strategies to mitigate this risk.
Treading the Front-Line: Tartanization and Police–Academic Partnerships
Authors: Martin Denise , Wooff Andrew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecognized as an International Leader in the development of Police Academic Collaborations, the Scottish Institute of Police Research has had a key role in contributing to evidence-based approaches in policing, supporting a strategic approach to innovation, as well as, contributing to education, professional development, and organizational learning. The aim of this article is to examine the particular relevance of this partnership in shaping both the recent professionalization and educational agenda of policing in Scotland. It will critically explore these collaborative efforts, particularly in relation to the development of Higher Educational Routes into the service and suggest that while there are benefits to this partnership approach, a co-operative rather than collaborative style emerged in this specific case study. The potential reasons for this co-operative approach as well as the implications for the development of Higher Education routes for police officers in Scotland will be discussed.
Calcium/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental colitis via inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Cunningham Kellie E. , Novak Elizabeth A. , Vincent Garret , Siow Vei Shaun , Griffith Brian D. , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Rosengart Matthew R. , Piganelli Jon D. , Mollen Kevin P. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing worldwide. IBD is known to be multifactorial, but inflammatory signaling within the intestinal epithelium and a subsequent failure of the intestinal epithelial barrier have been shown to play essential roles in disease pathogenesis. CaMKIV is a multifunctional protein kinase associated with inflammation and cell cycle regulation. CaMKIV has been extensively studied in autoimmune diseases, but a role in idiopathic intestinal inflammation has not been described. In this study, active CaMKIV was highly expressed within the intestinal epithelium of humans with ulcerative colitis and wild‐type (WT) mice with experimental induced colitis. Clinical disease severity directly correlates with CaMKIV activation, as does expression of proinflammatory cytokines and histologic features of colitis. In WT mice, CaMKIV activation is associated with increases in expression of 2 cell cycle proarrest signals: p53 and p21. Cell cycle arrest inhibits proliferation of the intestinal epithelium and ultimately results in compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, further perpetuating intestinal inflammation during experimental colitis. Using a CaMKIV null mutant mouse, we demonstrate that a loss of CaMKIV protects against murine DSS colitis. Small molecules targeting CaMKIV activation may provide therapeutic benefit for patients with IBD.—Cunningham, K. E., Novak, E. A., Vincent, G., Siow, V. S., Griffith, B. D., Ranganathan, S., Rosengart, M. R., Piganelli, J. D., Mollen, K. P. Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental colitis via inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. FASEB J. 33, 1330–1346 (2019). www.fasebj.org
The disrupted balance between hair follicles and sebaceous glands inHoxc13‐ablated rabbits
Authors: Deng Jichao , Chen Mao , Liu Zhiquan , Song Yuning , Sui Tingting , Lai Liangxue , Li Zhanjun 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia 9 (ECTD‐9) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutation ofHOXC13and is characterized by hypotrichosis and nail dystrophy in humans. Unlike patients with ECTD‐9,Hoxc13‐mutated mice and pigs do not faithfully recapitulate the phenotype of hypotrichosis, so there is a limited understanding of the molecular mechanism ofHoxc13‐mediated hypotrichosis in animal models and clinically. Here, the homozygousHoxc13−/−rabbits showed complete loss of hair on the head and dorsum, whereas hypotrichosis in the limbs and tail were determined in theHoxc13−/−rabbits. In addition, reduced hair follicles (HFs) while the enlarged and increased number of sebaceous glands (SGs) were also found in theHoxc13−/−rabbits, showing that the disrupted balance between HFs and SGs may respond to hypotrichosis of ECTD‐9 in an animal model and clinically. Therefore, our findings demonstrate thatHoxc13−/−rabbits can be used as a model for human ECTD‐9, especially to understand the pathologic mechanism of hypotrichosis. Moreover, the disrupted balance between HFs and SGs, especially in theHoxc13−/−rabbits, can be used as an ideal animal model for dermatology ailments, such as acne and hypotrichosis, in preclinical studies.—Deng, J., Chen, M., Liu, Z., Song, Y., Sui, T., Lai, L., Li, Z. The disrupted balance between hair follicles and sebaceous glands inHoxc13‐ablated rabbits. FASEB J. 33, 1226–1234 (2019).www.fasebj.org
Core Clerkship Grading: The Illusion of Objectivity
Authors: Hauer Karen E. , Lucey Catherine R. 
Published: August 2018

Core clerkship grading creates multiple challenges that produce high stress for medical students, interfere with learning, and create inequitable learning environments. Students and faculty alike succumb to the illusion of objectivity—that quantitative ratings converted to grades convey accurate measures of the complexity of clinical performance.
Clerkship grading is the first high-stakes assessment within medical school and occurs just as students are newly immersed full-time in an environment in which patient care supersedes their needs as learners. Students earning high marks situate themselves to earn entry into competitive residency programs and selective specialties. However, there is no commonly accepted standard for how to assign clerkship grades, and the process is vulnerable to imprecision and bias. Rewarding learners for the speed with which they adapt inherently favors students who bring advantages acquired before medical school and discounts the goal of all learners achieving competence.
The authors propose that, rather than focusing on assigning core clerkship grades, assessment of student performance should incorporate expert judgment of learning progress. Competency-based medical education is predicated on the articulation of stepwise expectations for learners, with the support and time allocated for each learner to meet those expectations. Concurrently, students should ideally review their own performance data with coaches to self-assess areas of relative strength and areas for further growth. Eliminating grades in favor of competency-based assessment for learning holds promise to engage learners in developing essential patient care and teamwork skills and to foster their development of lifelong learning habits.
Translational Sepsis Research: Spanning the Divide
Authors: Lewis Anthony J. , Lee Janet S. , Rosengart Matthew R. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of sepsis has attained exponential growth. Yet, the pillars of its care remain antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and physiologic support of failing organ systems. The inability to bring biologic breakthroughs to the bedside is not for lack of effort. Over 60 clinical trials of novel therapies, each heavily supported by the momentum of biologic data suggesting clinical utility, have been conducted and have failed to identify benefit. This mass of “negative” clinical data abut an equally towering mound of knowledge of sepsis biology, which collectively have led investigators to ask, “what happened?”

Data Sources:
Review of published scientific literature via MEDLINE searches using key terms related to the article topics.

Study Selection:
Original articles, review articles, and systematic reviews were considered.

Data Extraction:
Articles were selected for inclusion based upon author consensus.

Data Synthesis:
Here, we present a synthetic review of some of the challenges in translating experimental animal models of sepsis to the bedside. We commence with the concept that the heterogeneity in the kinetics of the sepsis response serves as an important, often underappreciated but surmountable, source of translational impedance. Upon this groundwork, we discuss distinctions between animal experimentation and clinical trial design in the elements for hypothesis testing: cohort selection, power and sample size, randomization and blinding, and timing of intervention. From this concept, we develop a contextual framework for advancing the paradigm of animal-based investigations to facilitate science that transitions from molecule to medicine.

Conclusions:
A persistent divide exists between the laboratory and clinical research arenas, which may be addressable via systematic targeting of identified translational gaps.
T lymphocytes as therapeutic arsenal for patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Montoro Juan , Piñana José L. , Sanz Jaime , Guerreiro Manuel 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
We present an overview of the clinically available immunotherapeutic platforms centered on T cell lymphocytes for the treatment of hematological malignancies with a special focus on the advances achieved since 2017.

Recent findings
The most promising strategies of T cell therapies are based on the infusion of unmanipulated donor lymphocytes, antigen-specific T cells, ex-vivo genetically modified T cells or in-vivo manipulation of T cells using antibodies (bispecific and checkpoint inhibitors). To select the most appropriate option for a specific patient, is important to understand not only each platform-specific biological mechanisms, clinical activity and toxicities but also their intrinsic differences. In this extremely fast-growing field, to keep track of recent advances is a hard and challenging task for a hematologist. Therefore, we aimed to provide a global integrative review of T-cell-based immunotherapies, essential to ascertain their optimal place and timing in our daily clinical practice.

Summary
We highlight recent advances and discuss future directions of T-cell-based immunotherapies entering the common clinical practice in hematology.
Diffuse low-grade glioma, oncological outcome and quality of life: a surgical perspective
Authors: Duffau Hugues 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
Because diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG) is constantly migrating in the brain until malignant transformation, the historic wait-and-watch attitude was replaced by an early therapeutic management. Moreover, advances in cognitive neurosciences allowed an improved understanding of neuroplasticity reactional to DLGG growth. Here, the aim is to reevaluate the role of surgery regarding both oncological and functional outcomes.

Recent findings
Recent data evidenced the significant benefit of maximal well tolerated resection on survival and quality of life (QoL). By removing a diffuse neoplastic disease up to eloquent neural networks identified by intraoperative awake mapping and cognitive monitoring, overall survival is about the double compared with biopsy, whereas the rate of severe persistent deficits was significantly reduced. Postoperative QoL may even be improved owing to functional rehabilitation and epilepsy control.

Summary
Early and functional mapping-guided surgery is currently the first treatment in DLGG. Surgical resection(s) should be integrated in a global personalized management that must be tailored to the brain connectome of each patient. To optimize the oncofunctional balance, the next step is a screening, to detect and to treat DLGG patients earlier, and to increase the rate of ‘supramarginal excision’ in the setting of a ‘prophylactic connectomal neurooncological surgery’.
Short-term exposure to air pollution might exacerbate autoimmune diseases
Authors: Faustini Annunziata , Renzi Matteo , Kirchmayer Ursula , Balducci Maria , Davoli Marina , Forastiere Francesco 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Mortality and cardiorespiratory diseases are well-documented effects of atmospheric pollutants. Because epigenetic mechanisms are identified as interaction factors between environmental exposures and gene expression, as well as pathogenic factors of impaired immune tolerance, it seems relevant to study autoimmune diseases in relation to air pollution.

Methods:
To study whether daily increases of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are associated with exacerbations of autoimmune diseases, a total of 23,898 residents of Rome (Italy) who were diagnosed in 2003–2014 with Hashimoto thyroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis were enrolled. Exacerbations were defined as subsequent hospitalizations for the initial disease or its complications, or a different autoimmune disease, and as dose increases or time reductions between drug prescriptions for autoimmune diseases. Data were analyzed for 2006–2014. Daily concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 in Rome were available from a fixed monitoring network, during 2006–2014. A time-stratified case-crossover study was carried out.

Results:
All air pollutants were associated with more frequent changes than usual in treatment for all autoimmune diseases; the greatest increases in risk were observed for PM2.5 (10 μg/m3 increase) in thyroiditis (3.31% [2.21%, 4.2%]), lupus (3.55% [0.70%, 6.49%]), arthritis (4.93% [2.11%, 7.83%]), and psoriasis (4.04% [0.21%, 8.01%]). No associations were observed for hospitalizations for all studied diseases, whereas changes toward lower corticosteroids’ dose in multiple sclerosis and less effective corticosteroids’ forms in psoriasis were observed.

Conclusions:
PM2.5 and NO2 might exacerbate autoimmune diseases. As detected with treatment changes especially in younger patients.
Magna Ease versus Trifecta Early Hemodynamics
Authors: Yanagawa Bobby , Tam Derrick Y. , Hong Kathryn , Mazine Amine , Bagai Akshay , Shahbaz Nazgol Kafaei , Ouzounian Maral , Verma Subodh 
Published: August 2018

Objective This meta-analysis compares the early echocardiographic outcomes of aortic valve replacement using the two most commonly implanted stented bioprostheses. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until 2017 for studies comparing Magna or Magna Ease (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA USA) versus Trifecta (St Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN USA) aortic bioprosthetic valves. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for the primary outcome of mean gradient on echocardiography and secondary outcomes of effective orifice area, indexed effective orifice area, and in-hospital mortality. Results There were two randomized controlled trial, three matched, and six unmatched retrospective observational studies with 2119 patients [median reported follow-up = 6 months (interquartile range = 6 to 12)]. The Magna/Magna Ease valve was associated with higher early mean gradient (mean difference = 4.09, 95% confidence interval = 3.48 to 4.69, P < 0.0001) and smaller effective orifice area (mean difference = 0.30, 95% confidence interval = −0.38 to −0.22, P < 0.0001). There were no differences in 30-day mortality between Magna/Magna Ease and Trifecta (relative risk = 1.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.41 to 2.50, P = 1.0). Conclusions Trifecta may offer a small hemodynamic advantage compared with the Magna/Magna Ease valve with no differences in early mortality. Long-term follow-up is required to determine whether these differences persist and translate into differences in clinical outcomes.
Can We Improve Physical Health Monitoring for Patients Taking Antipsychotics on a Mental Health Inpatient Unit?
Authors: Ross Elyse , Barnett Rebecca , Tudhope Rebecca , Vasudev Kamini 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients with severe mental illness are at risk of medical complications, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Given this vulnerability, combined with metabolic risks of antipsychotics, physical health monitoring is critical. Inpatient admission is an opportunity to screen for medical comorbidities. Our objective was to improve the rates of physical health monitoring on an inpatient psychiatry unit through implementation of an electronic standardized order set.

Methods
Using a clinical audit tool, we completed a baseline retrospective audit (96 eligible charts) of patients aged 18 to 100 years, discharged between January and March 2012, prescribed an antipsychotic for 3 or more days. We then developed and implemented a standard electronic admission order set and provided training to inpatient clinical staff. We completed a second chart audit of patients discharged between January and March 2016 (190 eligible charts) to measure improvement in physical health monitoring and intervention rates for abnormal results.

Results
In the 2012 audit, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), blood pressure, blood glucose, fasting lipids, electrocardiogram (ECG), and height/weight were measured in 71%, 92%, 31%, 36%, 51%, and 75% of patients, respectively. In the 2016 audit, TSH, blood pressure, blood glucose, fasting lipids, ECG, and height/weight were measured in 86%, 96%, 96%, 64%, 87%, and 71% of patients, respectively. There were statistically significant improvements (P < 0.05) in monitoring rates for blood glucose, lipids, ECG, and TSH. Intervention rates for abnormal blood glucose and/or lipids (feedback to family doctor and/or patient, consultation to hospitalist, endocrinology, and/or dietician) did not change between 2012 and 2016.

Conclusions
Electronic standardized order set can be used as a tool to improve screening for physical health comorbidity in patients with severe mental illness receiving antipsychotic medications.