bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value-driven Contention in China: Forms, Tactics and State Responses
Authors: Steinhardt H. Christoph , Yang Kai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research challenges the conventional wisdom that value-driven protests in China are exceedingly rare and face harsh state repression. Drawing on a hand-coded, multi-source dataset of over 3,100 protests in three Chinese megacities from 2014 to 2016, we identify 67 protests that reveal a hitherto unknown underbelly of everyday, value-driven contention. Qualitatively, we identify three main forms of contentious performances. Quantitatively, we show how value-driven protesters combine non-disruptive tactics with ambitious targets and virtually never extract concessions. Surprisingly, we find that such protests are less often policed and repressed than other protests. They are also never met with violence from non-state actors. We provide three interpretations for the counter-intuitive finding on repression. This study shows that the Chinese state coexists with a non-negligible amount of explicitly regime-critical contention. It adopts a containment strategy, tolerating a certain extent of value-driven performances when the risk of spill-over into wider society is limited.
A panel network approach of internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood: Evidence from American and Chinese preschoolers
Authors: Chen Hongting , Wang Yiji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Internalizing and externalizing problems tend to co-occur beginning in early childhood. However, the dynamic interplay of symptom-level internalizing and externalizing problems that may drive their co-occurrence is poorly understood. Within the frameworks of the Network Approaches to Psychopathology and the Developmental Cascade Perspective, this study used a panel network approach to examine how symptoms of internalizing and externalizing problems are related in early childhood both concurrently and longitudinally and whether the pattern may differ in American (N = 1,202) and Chinese (N = 180) preschoolers. Internalizing and externalizing problems were rated by mothers in two waves. Results from cross-sectional networks showed that the bridge symptoms underlying the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems were largely consistent in American and Chinese preschoolers (e.g., withdrawal, aggressive behavior, anxiety and depressive moods). Results from cross-lagged panel networks further showed that the co-occurrence was manifested by unidirectional relations from internalizing to subsequent externalizing symptoms in both American and Chinese preschoolers. The findings contribute needed cross-cultural evidence to better understand the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems and highlight the temporal heterogeneity of the symptom networks of internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood.
Racial Capitalism in an Ethnic Minority Border Region
Authors: Qu Yao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the social, historical, and political context of Xi Jinping’s China, particular forms of racialization and racial capitalism have emerged in Altay Prefecture, the homeland of ethnic Kazakhs on China’s northwest border. This study examines the husbandry industry in Altay Prefecture to elucidate how Xi’s China has built a mode of racial capitalism through the management of Kazakh land, ethnicity, and culture. Within the framework of a case study, I employ document collection and participant observation methods to gather data that are then interpreted through critical policy analysis. The research shows that Kazakhs have been racialized based on their mobile pastoral traditions, enslaved in the “debt economy,” and exploited through husbandry policies and programs. The particular ways in which husbandry has been restructured and assimilated into Chinese industrial production chains exploit and reproduce the Kazakh-Han hierarchy and segregation. This close look at racial capitalism in Altay sheds light on the operations of Xi’s ecological civilization and war on poverty policies in an ethnic minority border region and discusses how they align with the broader geopolitics of the Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and Eastern Europe.
Ultracompact isolated multilayer broadside-coupled balun with arbitrary isolation bandwidth
Authors: Farhadinia Masoud , Karimian Shokrollah , Mehrshahi Esfandiar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An isolated low-profile multilayer all-ports-matched broadside-coupled balun (BCB) with arbitrary isolation bandwidth is presented. Analytical relations are derived and provided for the isolation circuit (IC) design in terms of electrical and physical parameters. Accordingly, instructions are given on obtaining optimum bandwidth and isolation responses for the IC. Design procedure for the BCB is presented together with a case study for power amplifier application. The BCB is validated theoretically, analytically, and experimentally, and results are in good agreement. The fabricated balun has insertion loss of 0.27 dB, input and output return losses of 19 dB, isolation of 20 dB at fc, and phase and magnitude imbalance better than 2° and 0.2 dB across the Bandwidth (BW), respectively. The realized isolated balun has dimensions of 0.06λg × 0.03λg.
Predictors of new-onset suicide risk and persistent suicide risk among young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic: a follow-up study
Authors: Yen Cheng-Fang , Tsai Ching-Shu , Chang Yu-Ping , Wang Peng-Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this 4-year follow-up study was to examine the predictive effects of demographics, three types of sexual stigma, three types of self-identity confusion, anxiety, depression, family support and problematic Internet use before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on new-onset suicide risk and persistent suicide risk in young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.

Methods
Baseline data were collected from 1,000 lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals in 2018 and 2019. Outcome data on suicide risk were collected again in 2023. The suicide module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess suicide risk in terms of thoughts of death, desire to self-harm, thoughts of suicide, plans for suicide and suicide attempts in the preceding month at the initial and follow-up assessments. Baseline three types of sexual stigma, self-identity disturbance, depression, anxiety and problematic Internet use were used to examine their prediction of new-onset suicide risk and persistent suicide risk at follow-up.

Results
In total, 673 individuals participated in the follow-up survey. Notably, 16.5% of the participants who had no suicide risk at baseline had new-onset suicide risk at follow-up; 46.4% of the participants who had suicide risk at baseline also had suicide risk at follow-up. Participants who were transgender (p = .003), who perceived greater levels of microaggression (p < .001), and who had greater levels of problematic Internet use at baseline (p = .024) were more likely to have new-onset suicide risk at follow-up. Participants who had greater levels of self-identity confusion were more likely to have persistent suicide risk at follow-up (p = .023).

Conclusion
Intervention strategies for reducing suicide risk in lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals should be developed with consideration of the predictors identified in this study.
CTLA-4 expressing innate lymphoid cells modulate mucosal homeostasis in a microbiota dependent manner
Authors: Lo Jonathan W. , Schroeder Jan-Hendrik , Roberts Luke B. , Mohamed Rami , Cozzetto Domenico , Beattie Gordon , Omer Omer S. , Ross Ellen M. , Heuts Frank , Jowett Geraldine M. , Read Emily , Madgwick Matthew , Neves Joana F. , Korcsmaros Tamas , Jenner Richard G. , Walker Lucy S. K. , Powell Nick , Lord Graham M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is a fundamental process critical for organismal integrity. Sitting at the interface of the gut microbiome and mucosal immunity, adaptive and innate lymphoid populations regulate the balance between commensal micro-organisms and pathogens. Checkpoint inhibitors, particularly those targeting the CTLA-4 pathway, disrupt this fine balance and can lead to inflammatory bowel disease and immune checkpoint colitis. Here, we show that CTLA-4 is expressed by innate lymphoid cells and that its expression is regulated by ILC subset-specific cytokine cues in a microbiota-dependent manner. Genetic deletion or antibody blockade of CTLA-4 in multiple in vivo models of colitis demonstrates that this pathway plays a key role in intestinal homeostasis. Lastly, we have found that this observation is conserved in human IBD. We propose that this population of CTLA-4-positive ILC may serve as an important target for the treatment of idiopathic and iatrogenic intestinal inflammation.
Reward recalibrates rule representations in human amygdala and hippocampus intracranial recordings
Authors: Manssuer Luis , Ding Qiong , Feng Yashu , Yang Ruoqi , Liu Wei , Sun Bomin , Zhan Shikun , Voon Valerie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdaptive behavior requires the ability to shift responding within (intra-dimensional) or between (extra-dimensional) stimulus dimensions when reward contingencies change. Studies of shifting in humans have focused mainly on the prefrontal cortex and/ or have been restricted to indirect measures of neural activity such as fMRI and lesions. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the amygdala and hippocampus by recording local field potentials directly from these regions intracranially in human epilepsy patients. Reward signals were coded in the high frequency gamma activity (HFG; 60-250 Hz) of both regions and synchronised via low frequency (3-5 Hz) phase-locking only after a shift when patients did not already know the rule and it signalled to stop shifting (“Win-Stay”). In contrast, HFG punishment signals were only seen in the amygdala when the rule then changed and it signalled to start shifting (“Lose-Shift”). During decision-making, hippocampal HFG was more inhibited on non-shift relative to shift trials, suggesting a role in preventing interference in rule representation and amygdala HFG was sensitive to stimulus novelty. The findings expand our understanding of human amygdala-hippocampal function and shifting processes, the disruption of which could contribute to shifting deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Discovery of deep-sea coral symbionts from a novel clade of marine bacteria with severely reduced genomes
Authors: Vohsen Samuel A. , Gruber-Vodicka Harald R. , Herrera Santiago , Dubilier Nicole , Fisher Charles R. , Baums Iliana B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Microbes perform critical functions in corals, yet most knowledge is derived from the photic zone. Here, we discover two mollicutes that dominate the microbiome of the deep-sea octocoral, Callogorgia delta, and likely reside in the mesoglea. These symbionts are abundant across the host’s range, absent in the water, and appear to be rare in sediments. Unlike other mollicutes, they lack all known fermentative capabilities, including glycolysis, and can only generate energy from arginine provided by the coral host. Their genomes feature several mechanisms to interact with foreign DNA, including extensive CRISPR arrays and restriction-modification systems, which may indicate their role in symbiosis. We propose the novel family Oceanoplasmataceae which includes these symbionts and others associated with five marine invertebrate phyla. Its exceptionally broad host range suggests that the diversity of this enigmatic family remains largely undiscovered. Oceanoplasmataceae genomes are the most highly reduced among mollicutes, providing new insight into their reductive evolution and the roles of coral symbionts.
Microstructure engineering for corrosion resistance in structural alloy design
Authors: Hariharan Karthikeyan , Virtanen Sannakaisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring structural alloy development, the initial microstructure design is mainly considered in the context of achieving a balance of mechanical properties, with corrosion resistance often considered much later in the process. This perspective uses illustrations from degradation mechanisms in 3D-printed alloys and in-service microstructure evolution-driven mechanisms to show the importance of microstructure design for corrosion resistance and mechanical properties simultaneously, to improve the reliability of critical infrastructure.
Porphyry copper formation driven by water-fluxed crustal melting during flat-slab subduction
Authors: Lamont Thomas N. , Loader Matthew A. , Roberts Nick M. W. , Cooper Frances J. , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Bevan Dan , Gorecki Adam , Kemp Anthony , Elliott Tim , Gardiner Nicholas J. , Tapster Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prevailing view of the formation of porphyry copper deposits along convergent plate boundaries involves deep crustal differentiation of metal-bearing juvenile magmas derived from the mantle wedge above a subduction zone. However, many major porphyry districts formed during periods of flat-slab subduction when the mantle wedge would have been reduced or absent, leaving the source of the ore-forming magmas unclear. Here we use geochronology and thermobarometry to investigate deep crustal processes during the genesis of the Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene Laramide Porphyry Province in Arizona, which formed during flat-slab subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath North America. We show that the isotopic signatures of Laramide granitic rocks are consistent with a Proterozoic crustal source that was potentially pre-enriched in copper. This source underwent water-fluxed melting between 73 and 60 Ma, coincident with the peak of granitic magmatism (78–50 Ma), porphyry genesis (73–56 Ma) and flat-slab subduction (70–40 Ma). To explain the formation of the Laramide Porphyry Province, we propose that volatiles derived from the leading edge of the Farallon flat slab promoted melting of both mafic and felsic pre-enriched lower crust, without requiring extensive magmatic or metallogenic input from the mantle wedge. Other convergent plate boundaries with flat-slab regimes may undergo a similar mechanism of volatile-mediated lower-crustal melting.
Nerve injury inhibits Oprd1 and Cnr1 transcription through REST in primary sensory neurons
Authors: Subedi Ashok , Etemad Asieh , Tiwari Aadhya , Huang Yuying , Chatterjee Biji , McLeod Samantha M. , Lu Yungang , Gonzalez DiAngelo , Ghosh Krishna , Sirito Mario , Singh Sanjay K. , Ruiz Elisa , Grimm Sandra L. , Coarfa Cristian , Pan Hui-Lin , Majumder Sadhan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe transcription repressor REST in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is upregulated by peripheral nerve injury and promotes the development of chronic pain. However, the genes targeted by REST in neuropathic pain development remain unclear. The expression levels of four opioid receptor genes (Oprm1, Oprd1, Oprl1 and Oprk1) and the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) gene in the DRG regulate nociception. In this study, we determined the role of REST in controlling their expression in the DRG induced by spared nerve injury (SNI). SNI induced chronic pain hypersensitivity in wild-type mice and was accompanied by increased levels of Rest transcript and protein. Transcriptomic analyses of wild-type mouse DRGs suggested that SNI upregulates the expression of Rest transcripts and downregulates the transcripts of all four opioid receptor genes and the Cnr1 gene. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of these tissues validated these results. Analysis of publicly available bioinformatic data suggested that REST binds to the promoter regions of Oprm1 and Cnr1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated the presence of REST at these promoters. Full-length Rest conditional knockout in primary sensory neurons reduced SNI-induced pain hypersensitivity and rescued the SNI-induced reduction in the expression of Oprd1 and Cnr1 in mouse DRG. Our results suggest that nerve injury represses the transcription of at least the Oprd1 and Cnr1 genes via REST in primary sensory neurons and that REST is a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain. Thus, inhibiting REST activity could potentially reduce chronic neuropathic pain and augment opioid/cannabinoid analgesic actions by increasing the transcription of Oprd1 and Cnr1 genes in DRG neurons.
Individual differences in parasympathetic nervous system reactivity in response to everyday stress are associated with momentary emotional exhaustion
Authors: Schmid Regina Franziska , Thomas Joachim , Rentzsch Katrin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcute stressors (e.g., time pressure) can provoke psychological and physiological stress responses, and the magnitude of such responses is called stress reactivity. However, stress reactivity levels can differ considerably among individuals, with exaggerated levels being associated with adverse outcomes (e.g., emotional exhaustion). Previous studies have primarily investigated psychological stress reactivity or physiological stress reactivity induced in the laboratory. Physiological stress reactivity, especially concerning heart rate variability (HRV), has rarely been examined so far in real life. We addressed this research gap in a sample of 394 adults who participated in 2- to 4-day ecological momentary assessments. Individuals answered self-reports on perceived time pressure and emotional exhaustion multiple times a day and simultaneously wore electrocardiogram sensors. Based on 4,009 total situations and 3–16 situations per participant, individual differences in HRV reactivity to time pressure were computed as random slopes from multilevel models. Consistent with preregistered hypotheses, increased time pressure was associated with reduced HRV, and increased stress reactivity was associated with increased emotional exhaustion. The findings highlight the detrimental effects of everyday demands and physiological reactivity and emphasize the relevance of practical coping strategies. This study contributes to research on dynamic inter- and intraindividual stress regulation using ambulatory, psychophysiological methods.
Insights and caveats from mining local and global temporal motifs in cryptocurrency transaction networks
Authors: Arnold Naomi A. , Zhong Peijie , Ba Cheick Tidiane , Steer Ben , Mondragon Raul , Cuadrado Felix , Lambiotte Renaud , Clegg Richard G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDistributed ledger technologies have opened up a wealth of fine-grained transaction data from cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. This allows research into problems like anomaly detection, anti-money laundering, pattern mining and activity clustering (where data from traditional currencies is rarely available). The formalism of temporal networks offers a natural way of representing this data and offers access to a wealth of metrics and models. However, the large scale of the data presents a challenge using standard graph analysis techniques. We use temporal motifs to analyse two Bitcoin datasets and one NFT dataset, using sequences of three transactions and up to three users. We show that the commonly used technique of simply counting temporal motifs over all users and all time can give misleading conclusions. Here we also study the motifs contributed by each user and discover that the motif distribution is heavy-tailed and that the key players have diverse motif signatures. We study the motifs that occur in different time periods and find events and anomalous activity that cannot be seen just by a count on the whole dataset. Studying motif completion time reveals dynamics driven by human behaviour as well as algorithmic behaviour.
Differential effects of trait-like emotion regulation use and situational emotion regulation ability across the affective and anxiety disorders spectrum: a transdiagnostic examination
Authors: Adolph Dirk , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHere, we investigated the association of different emotion regulation (ER) indices with symptom severity across a large transdiagnostic sample of patients with emotional disorders (cross-sectional approach) and the predictive validity these ER indices have for the outcome of routine care CBT (longitudinal approach). We assessed the trait-like use of adaptive (reappraisal) and maladaptive (suppression, externalizing behaviors) ER strategies via questionnaire as well as the situational ability to regulate emotions with an experimental ER paradigm. Psychopathology was assessed dimensionally using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Cross-sectionally symptom severity was predicted by less trait-like use of adaptive and more trait-like use of maladaptive ER strategies, but no associations were found for situational ER ability. This association was more pronounced for depression and stress symptoms rather than anxiety symptoms. In a striking dissociation, the longitudinal analyses revealed the reverse picture: Better situational ER ability, but not trait-like use of ER strategies was associated with less symptom severity after the CBT treatment. Our data argues in favor of a distinction between trait-like and situational ER abilities in individuals with emotional disorders, highlighting challenges in applying adaptive ER strategies in daily life despite demonstrating intact ER skills in experimental settings. Our findings also inform transdiagnostic models of psychopathology and suggest that distress/depression rather than anxiety symptomatology to be driving forces for the occurrence of ER deficits across the depression/anxiety disorders spectrum.