bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small vessel disease pathological changes in neurodegenerative and vascular dementias concomitant with autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Hase Yoshiki , Polvikoski Tuomo M. , Firbank Michael J. , Craggs Lucinda J. L. , Hawthorne Emily , Platten Charlotte , Stevenson William , Deramecourt Vincent , Ballard Clive , Kenny Rose Anne , Perry Robert H. , Ince Paul , Carare Roxana O. , Allan Louise M. , Horsburgh Karen , Kalaria Raj N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe performed a clinicopathological study to assess the burden of small vessel disease (SVD) type of pathological changes in elderly demented subjects, who had clinical evidence of autonomic dysfunction, either carotid sinus hypersensitivity or orthostatic hypotension or both or had exhibited unexpected repeated falls. Clinical and neuropathological diagnoses in 112 demented subjects comprised dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Mixed dementia (mostly AD‐DLB) and vascular dementia (VaD). Of these, 12 DLB subjects had no recorded unexpected falls in life and therefore no evidence of concomitant autonomic dysfunction. A further 17 subjects were assessed as aging controls without significant pathology or signs of autonomic dysfunction. We quantified brain vascular pathological changes and determined severities of neurodegenerative lesions including α‐synuclein pathology. We found moderate‐severe vascular changes and high‐vascular pathology scores (P < 0.01) in all neurodegenerative dementias and as expected in VaD compared to similar age controls. Arteriolosclerosis, perivascular spacing and microinfarcts were frequent in the basal ganglia and frontal white matter (WM) across all dementias, whereas small infarcts (<5 mm) were restricted to VaD. In a sub‐set of demented subjects, we found that vascular pathology scores were correlated with WM hyperintensity volumes determined by MRI in life (P < 0.02). Sclerotic index values were increased by ~50% in both the WM and neocortex in all dementias compared to similar age controls. We found no evidence for increased α‐synuclein deposition in subjects with autonomic dysfunction. Our findings suggest greater SVD pathological changes occur in the elderly diagnosed with neurodegenerative dementias including DLB and who develop autonomic dysfunction. SVD changes may not necessarily manifest in clinically overt symptoms but they likely confound motor or cognitive dysfunction. We propose dysautonomia promotes chronic cerebral hypoperfusion to impact upon aging‐related neurodegenerative disorders and characterize their end‐stage clinical syndromes.
A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture
Authors: Kuo Li‐Yaung , Chang Yi‐Hang , Huang Yu‐Hsuan , Testo Weston , Ebihara Atsushi , Rouhan Germinal , Quintanilla Luis G. , Watkins James E. , Huang Yao‐Moan , Li Fay‐Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe thelypteroid fern genus Stegnogramma s.l. contains around 18–35 species and has a global, cross‐continental distribution ranging from tropical to temperate regions. Several genera and infrageneric sections have been recognized previously in Stegnogramma s.l., but their phylogenetic relationships are still unclear. In this study, we present a global phylogeny of Stegnogramma s.l. with the most comprehensive sampling to date and aim to pinpoint the phylogenetic positions of biogeographically and taxonomically important taxa. Based on the reconstructed historical biogeography and character evolution, we propose a new (infra)generic classification and discuss the diversification of Stegnogramma s.l. in a biogeographical context. New names or combinations are made for 12 (infra)species, including transferring the monotypic species of Craspedosorus to Leptogramma. Finally, we discuss a possible link between leaf architecture and ecological adaptation, and hypothesize that the increase in leaf dissection and free‐vein proportion is an adaptive feature to cool climates in Stegnogramma s.l.
Endoscopic type I tympanoplasty is as effective as microscopic type I tympanoplasty but less invasive—A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pap István , Tóth István , Gede Noémi , Hegyi Péter , Szakács Zsolt , Koukkoullis Alexandros , Révész Péter , Harmat Kinga , Németh Adrienne , Lujber László , Gerlinger Imre , Bocskai Tímea , Varga Gábor , Szanyi István 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic type I tympanoplasty was originally introduced in the 1990s, and the extensive spread of this practice can be easily observed. The conventional technique performed involves the repair of a tympanic membrane perforation, and is defined as microscopic type I tympanoplasty.Objective of ReviewThe aim of this study was the comparison of postoperative outcomes of both the endoscopic and the microscopic type I tympanoplasty.Type of ReviewWe conducted a meta‐analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.Search StrategyA systematic literature search was performed in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clarivate Analytics‐Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization Library, and Scopus by inserting, ‘myringoplasty OR (tympanoplasty AND perforation)’ into the search query. We applied only a ‘human’ filter. We excluded non‐English studies. Additional records were identified by checking the references of relevant studies.Evaluation MethodComparative studies were included in our analysis. We calculated the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% CI for continuous outcomes. Additionally, we assessed the risk of bias and estimated the quality of evidence for each outcome.ResultsOur systematic search yielded 16 studies (involving 1179 interventions), eligible for analysis. The pooled graft uptake rate (OR: 1.21, CI: 0.82‐1.77; I2 = 0.0%), the postoperative hearing results (WMD = −1.13; 95% CI: −2.72‐0.45; I2 = 78.1%) and the operation time (WMD = −21.11; 95% CI: −42.60‐0.38; I2 = 99.3%), were all comparable amongst the two techniques. In contrast, the endoscopic type I tympanoplasty outperforms when regarding the pooled canaloplasty rate (OR = 7.96; 95% CI: 4.30‐14.76; I2 = 0.0%, P = 1.000) and features an increase in desirable cosmetic results (OR = 19.29; 95% CI: 11.37‐32.73; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.839), when compared with the microscopic approach.ConclusionsBased on our meta‐analysis, the surgical outcomes of endoscopic type I tympanoplasty in terms of graft uptake rate, postoperative hearing results and operation time were comparable to the microscopic type I tympanoplasty. In regards to cosmetics, an increase in desirable results was achieved in the endoscopic group, particularly the incidence of canaloplasty which proved to be significantly lower.
Selective central vascular ligation (D3 lymphadenectomy) in patients undergoing minimally invasive complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer: optimizing the risk–benefit equation
Authors: Sammour T. , Malakorn S. , Thampy R. , Kaur H. , Bednarski B. K. , Messick C. A. , Taggart M. , Chang G. J. , You Y. N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimComplete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) has been advocated for right colon adenocarcinoma (RC), but the radicality of vascular dissection remains controversial. Our aim is to report outcomes of selective CVL (D3 lymphadenectomy) during minimally invasive CME for RC.MethodA prospective database identified patients who were treated for RC between 2009 and 2016. Minimally invasive CME was standard. The radicality of lymphadenectomy was defined as high ligation (HL) versus CVL based on operative reports and videos. Two blinded radiologists independently evaluated the pre‐ and postoperative CT scans for radiographically abnormal nodes.ResultsOf 197 patients who underwent CME, HL was performed in 56 (28%) and CVL in 141 (72%). There were no baseline differences in age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score or pathological staging, and there were no major intra‐operative complications in either group (including no major vascular injuries). The median total number of nodes retrieved was 27 and 31 (P = 0.011) in HL and CVL groups, resepctively, with pathologically positive nodes identified in 33.9% and 39.8% (P = 0.704), respectively. Preoperative imaging identified abnormal cN3 nodes in 1.5% of patients; all of whom underwent CVL. No abnormal cN2 or cN3 nodes remained on postoperative imaging. The 60‐day mortality was 0.5%, and major morbidity was 4%. One patient (0.5%) had an anastomotic recurrence after a median follow‐up of 22 months.ConclusionWith imperfect preoperative clinical nodal staging, and in the absence of randomized data, the low morbidity and oncological outcomes observed support the approach of CME with HL as a minimum standard, with CVL (D3 lymphadenectomy) in selected cases.
The association of post–lung transplant acute kidney injury with mortality is independent of primary graft dysfunction: A cohort study
Authors: Shashaty Michael G. S. , Forker Caitlin M. , Miano Todd A. , Wu Qufei , Yang Wei , Oyster Michelle L. , Porteous Mary K. , Cantu Edward E. , Diamond Joshua M. , Christie Jason D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies of post–lung transplant acute kidney injury (AKI) have not accounted for confounding effects of primary graft dysfunction (PGD). We sought to test the impact of PGD on AKI risk factors and on the association of AKI with mortality.MethodsWe included patients transplanted at the University of Pennsylvania from 2005‐12, defined AKI using consensus criteria during transplant hospitalization, and defined PGD as grade 3 at 48‐72 hours. We used multivariable logistic regression to test the impact of PGD on AKI risk factors and Cox models to test association of AKI with one‐year mortality adjusting for PGD and other confounders.ResultsOf 299 patients, 188 (62.9%) developed AKI with 142 (75%) cases occurring by postoperative day 4. In multivariable models, PGD was strongly associated with AKI (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.72‐8.19,P = .001) but minimally changed associations of other risk factors with AKI. Both AKI (HR 3.64, 95% CI 1.68‐7.88,P = .001) and PGD (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.40‐4.64,P = .002) were independently associated with one‐year mortality.ConclusionsPost–lung transplant AKI risk factors and association of AKI with mortality were independent of PGD. AKI may therefore be a target for improving lung transplant mortality rather than simply an epiphenomenon of PGD.
Sonic Accessibility: Increasing Social Equity Through the Inclusive Design of Sound in Museums and Heritage Sites
Authors: Renel William 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSound and hearing effect everyone, they are not niche issues. Within the inherently multimodal experience of a museum, sound plays a crucial role in defining whether an environment is inclusive or exclusive. Yet sonic accessibility ‐ the multiplicity of ways that sound influences accessibility and social equity ‐ remains under researched in design and narrowly represented in access legislation. This paper charts the contours of sonic exclusion in museums and other heritage sites around three central themes. The first considers the existing relationship between Inclusive Design and sound and introduces the emerging paradigm of ‘auraldiversity’. The second considers the structural sonic barriers that operate outside of the individual in their experience of the museum environment. The final theme attends to the psycho‐emotional sonic disablement experienced by many d/Deaf and disabled people within cultural institutions. The paper serves as a furthering of opportunity to reverse the hegemony of auditory norms within museums and other heritage sites and positions sonic accessibility as a critical pillar in the expanding understanding of the multimodal museum.
Sounds Unheard: Reading a Sound Art Exhibition Catalog
Authors: Fryberger Annelies 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a case study of the exhibition “Sonic Process: A New Geography of Sounds,” (2002–2003), comprised of installations designed by electronic musicians, most paired with visual artists for this occasion. The main question this case study addresses is the following: what role does the catalog play in the legacy left by this exhibition of sound art? The works themselves are conspicuous in their absence after the time of the exhibit has passed. The essayists in the catalog engage in a fascinating debate on the “death of the author” trope, often discussed in the context of sample‐based musics. In this case study, I look at how this discussion influences the way these works and artists themselves are integrated (or not) into the contemporary art world. I see attributing or denying author status as a form of boundary work, which influences both the place of electronic musicians within this world and the identity of the museum itself.
Maternal characteristics, home environment, and other factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in preschool children
Authors: Bonfadini Inaiá , Pereira Joanna Tatith , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Luz Patrícia Blaya , Scapinello Monique , Hugo Fernando Neves , de Araujo Fernando Borba , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsThe importance of external factors such as maternal and home characteristics on traumatic dental injuries needs to be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal and home characteristics and dental trauma in preschool children.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study using a cluster random sample evaluated children between 3 and 4 years of age from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Mothers completed the Brazilian version of the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). They answered questions about sociodemographics, maternal behaviors, and home characteristics. Dental trauma was assessed by the Children's Dental Health Survey criteria. Malocclusion and deleterious habits were also assessed. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to investigate the association of exploratory variables with different categories of dental trauma. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsA total of 163 pairs of children and mothers agreed to participate (78.4% response rate). The prevalence of dental trauma was 49.8%. Mother's work outside the home, overjet, and anterior crossbite were associated with the occurrence of enamel trauma, while having a younger mother, families having more siblings, and having a mother with university education were associated with increased odds of dentin/pulp trauma.ConclusionDepression and anxiety in the mothers were not associated with dental trauma, while malocclusion characteristics were more relevant for less severe, enamel trauma. Socioeconomic and home environment characteristics played a role in more severe, dentin/pulp trauma.
Sexual selection predicts the persistence of populations within altered environments
Authors: Parrett Jonathan M. , Mann Darren J. , Chung Arthur Y. C. , Slade Eleanor M. , Knell Robert J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effect of sexual selection on species persistence remains unclear. The cost of bearing ornaments or armaments might increase extinction risk, but sexual selection can also enhance the spread of beneficial alleles and increase the removal of deleterious alleles, potentially reducing extinction risk. Here we investigate the effect of sexual selection on species persistence in a community of 34 species of dung beetles across a gradient of environmental disturbance ranging from old growth forest to oil palm plantation. Horns are sexually selected traits used in contests between males, and we find that both horn presence and relative size are strongly positively associated with species persistence and abundance in altered habitats. Testes mass, an indicator of post‐copulatory selection, is, however, negatively linked with the abundance of species within the most disturbed habitats. This study represents the first evidence from a field system of a population‐level benefit from pre‐copulatory sexual selection.
Safety and efficacy of midazolam nasal spray in the outpatient treatment of patients with seizure clusters: An open‐label extension trial
Authors: Wheless James W. , Meng Tze‐Chiang , Van Ess Peter J. , Detyniecki Kamil , Sequeira David J. , Pullman William E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety‐ and seizure‐related outcomes with repeated intermittent use of a novel formulation of midazolam administered as a single‐dose nasal spray (MDZ‐NS) in the outpatient treatment of patients experiencing seizure clusters (SCs).MethodsIn this open‐label extension trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01529034), patients aged ≥12 years and on a stable regimen of antiepileptic drugs who completed the original phase III, randomized controlled trial were enrolled. Caregivers administered MDZ‐NS 5 mg when patients experienced SCs; a second dose could be given if seizures did not terminate within 10 minutes or recurred within 10 minutes‐6 hours. Patients were monitored for treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) throughout, and the main seizure‐related outcome was treatment success, defined as seizure termination within 10 minutes and no recurrence 10 minutes‐6 hours after drug administration.ResultsOf 175 patients enrolled, 161 (92.0%) received ≥1 MDZ‐NS dose, for a total of 1998 SC episodes. Median time spent by patients in the trial was 16.8 months (range = 1‐55.7 months). TEAEs were experienced by 40.4% of patients within 2 days of drug administration and 57.1% overall. TEAEs reported by most patients (within 2 days and overall) were nasal discomfort (12.4%) and somnolence (9.3%). One patient each discontinued due to treatment‐related nasal discomfort and somnolence. There were no patients with treatment‐related respiratory depression, and none with TEAEs indicative of drug abuse or dependence. Treatment success criteria were met in 55% (1108/1998) of SC episodes after administration of a single 5‐mg dose and in 80.2% (617/769) with the second dose. Treatment success was consistent over treated episode number.SignificanceRepeated, intermittent, acute treatment of patients experiencing SCs with MDZ‐NS in the outpatient setting was well tolerated over an extended period, with maintenance of efficacy suggesting lack of development of tolerance.
Acquired cardiac channelopathies in epilepsy: Evidence, mechanisms, and clinical significance
Authors: Li Michael C. H. , O'Brien Terence J. , Todaro Marian , Powell Kim L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence that cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic epilepsy could play a pathogenic role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Recent animal studies have revealed that epilepsy secondarily alters the expression of cardiac ion channels alongside abnormal cardiac electrophysiology and remodeling. These molecular findings represent novel evidence for an acquired cardiac channelopathy in epilepsy, distinct from inherited ion channels mutations associated with cardiocerebral phenotypes. Specifically, seizure activity has been shown to alter the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav1.1, Nav1.5), voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv4.2, Kv4.3), sodium‐calcium exchangers (NCX1), and nonspecific cation‐conducting channels (HCN2, HCN4). The pathophysiology may involve autonomic dysfunction and structural cardiac disease, as both are independently associated with epilepsy and ion channel dysregulation. Indeed, in vivo and in vitro studies of cardiac pathology reveal a complex network of signaling pathways and transcription factors regulating ion channel expression in the setting of sympathetic overactivity, cardiac failure, and hypertrophy. Other mechanisms such as circulating inflammatory mediators or exogenous effects of antiepileptic medications lack evidence. Moreover, an acquired cardiac channelopathy may underlie the electrophysiologic cardiac abnormalities seen in chronic epilepsy, potentially contributing to the increased risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden death. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to establish whether cardiac ion channel dysregulation similarly occurs in patients with epilepsy, and to characterize any pathogenic relationship with SUDEP.
Exploring the complex associations over time among albendazole treatment, cyst evolution, and seizure outcomes in neurocysticercosis
Authors: Carpio Arturo , Chang Mindy , Zhang Hongbin , Romo Matthew L. , Jaramillo Alex , Hauser W. Allen , Kelvin Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a causal model for the occurrence of neurocysticercosis (NC)‐related seizures and test hypotheses generated from the model.MethodsWe used data from a randomized controlled trial comparing albendazole with placebo among patients newly diagnosed with NC. Based on our causal model, we explored the associations among albendazole treatment, NC cyst evolution, and seizure outcomes over 24 months of follow‐up using generalized linear mixed effect models.ResultsWe included 153 participants, of whom 51% received albendazole. The association between seizure outcomes and treatment over time demonstrated lack of linearity and heterogeneity, requiring the inclusion of time‐treatment interaction terms for valid modeling. Participants in the albendazole group had fewer seizures overall and of partial onset at all time points compared with the placebo group, but the difference increased over the first few months following treatment, then decreased over time. Generalized seizures exhibited a more complex association; those in the albendazole group had fewer seizures compared with those in the placebo group for the first few months after treatment, and then the association reversed and those in the placebo arm had fewer seizures. Adjusting for the number of NC cysts in each phase resulted in an attenuation of the strength of association between albendazole and seizure outcomes, consistent with mediation. Among participants in whom all cysts had disappeared (n = 21), none continued to have seizures.SignificanceAlbendazole treatment is associated with a possible reduction in focal seizures in the short term (3‐6 months), perhaps by hastening the resolution of the cysts. However, the effect is not discernible over the long term, because most cysts either calcify or resolve completely, regardless of whether treated with albendazole. The stage of evolution of the cysticercus is an important consideration in the evaluation of albendazole effect on seizure outcome.