bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to clinical guidelines for use of blood components at a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Dhariwal Ankush , Allotey Emmanuel , Fisher Amelia , Bates Imelda 
Published: September 2018

Background and objectivesGuidelines for blood transfusions can help to ensure that blood is used appropriately, to avoid wastage and minimize risks, and are particularly important in sub‐Saharan Africa because chronic blood shortages are widespread. This study explored transfusion practices and guideline compliance among clinicians at a tertiary hospital in the Volta region of Ghana.Materials and methodsParticipants in this 3‐month study were clinicians from several hospital departments. The mixed methods study used a questionnaire to assess clinicians’ knowledge of transfusion. Retrospective data from hospital records were used to assess whether each transfusion given during the study period complied with recommendations in the national transfusion guidelines.ResultsAlthough 44/50 clinicians self‐rated their knowledge of transfusion in the questionnaire as good, only two were aware of the national transfusion guidelines, 48% listed incorrect indications for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and there was considerable variation in haemoglobin thresholds they used to guide transfusion decisions. Of the 313 transfusions of whole blood/packed cells and FFP given during the study, 49% were not in accordance with the guidelines. For the 31 FFP transfusions, under‐dosing was common (87%) and 52% were not in accordance with the guidelines. 46/220 (21%) patients had no cause for anaemia documented during their admission.ConclusionThere is a need to improve awareness of, and compliance with, national guidelines. A multi‐faceted approach including education, guideline dissemination, transfusion audits and oversight from a hospital transfusion committee could contribute to much more effective use of blood components.
How well do activity monitors estimate energy expenditure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the validity of current technologies
Authors: O’Driscoll Ruairi , Turicchi Jake , Beaulieu Kristine , Scott Sarah , Matu Jamie , Deighton Kevin , Finlayson Graham , Stubbs James 
Published: September 2018

Objective
To determine the accuracy of wrist and arm-worn activity monitors’ estimates of energy expenditure (EE).

Data sources
SportDISCUS (EBSCOHost), PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOHost), Embase (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCOHost).

Design
A random effects meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the difference in EE estimates between activity monitors and criterion measurements. Moderator analyses were conducted to determine the benefit of additional sensors and to compare the accuracy of devices used for research purposes with commercially available devices.

Eligibility criteria
We included studies validating EE estimates from wrist-worn or arm-worn activity monitors against criterion measures (indirect calorimetry, room calorimeters and doubly labelled water) in healthy adult populations.

Results

60 studies (104 effect sizes) were included in the meta-analysis. Devices showed variable accuracy depending on activity type. Large and significant heterogeneity was observed for many devices (I
2
>75%). Combining heart rate or heat sensing technology with accelerometry decreased the error in most activity types. Research-grade devices were statistically more accurate for comparisons of total EE but less accurate than commercial devices during ambulatory activity and sedentary tasks.

Conclusions
EE estimates from wrist and arm-worn devices differ in accuracy depending on activity type. Addition of physiological sensors improves estimates of EE, and research-grade devices are superior for total EE. These data highlight the need to improve estimates of EE from wearable devices, and one way this can be achieved is with the addition of heart rate to accelerometry.

PROSPEROregistration number
CRD42018085016.
eTICI reperfusion: defining success in endovascular stroke therapy
Authors: Liebeskind David S , Bracard Serge , Guillemin Francis , Jahan Reza , Jovin Tudor G , Majoie Charles BLM , Mitchell Peter J , van der Lugt Aad , Menon Bijoy K , San Román Luis , Campbell Bruce CV , Muir Keith W , Hill Michael D , Dippel Diederik WJ , Saver Jeffrey L , Demchuk Andrew M , Dávalos Antoni , White Philip , Brown Scott , Goyal Mayank 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundRevascularization after endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke is measured by the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale, yet variability exists in scale definitions. We examined the degree of reperfusion with the expanded TICI (eTICI) scale and association with outcomes in the HERMES collaboration of recent endovascular trials.MethodsThe HERMES Imaging Core, blind to all other data, evaluated angiography after endovascular therapy in HERMES. A battery of TICI scores (mTICI, TICI, TICI2C) was used to define reperfusion of the initial target occlusion defined by non-invasive imaging and conventional angiography.ResultsAngiography of 801 subjects was available, including 797 defined by non-invasive imaging (154 internal carotid artery (ICA), 583 M1, 60 M2) and 748 by conventional angiography (195 ICA, 459 M1, 94 M2). Among 729 subjects in whom the reperfusion grade could be established, using eTICI (3=100%, 2C=90–99%, 2b67=67–89%, 2b50=50–66%) of the conventional angiography target occlusion, there were 63 eTICI 3 (9%), 166 eTICI 2c (23%), 218 eTICI 2b67 (30%), 103 eTICI 2b50 (14%), 100 eTICI 2a (14%), 19 eTICI 1 (3%), and 60 eTICI 0 (8%). Modified Rankin Scale shift analyses from baseline to 90 days showed that increasing TICI grades were linked with better outcomes, with significant distinctions between TICI 0/1 versus 2a (p=0.028), 2a versus 2b50 (p=0.017), and 2b50 versus 2b67 (p=0.014).ConclusionsThe benefit of endovascular therapy in HERMES was strongly associated with increasing degrees of reperfusion defined by eTICI. The eTICI metric identified meaningful distinctions in clinical outcomes and may be used in future studies and routine practice.
Low-Molecular-Weight Cyclin E in Human Cancer: Cellular Consequences and Opportunities for Targeted Therapies
Authors: Caruso Joseph A. , Duong Mylinh T. , Carey Jason P. W. , Hunt Kelly K. , Keyomarsi Khandan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cyclin E, a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), is central to the initiation of DNA replication at the G1/S checkpoint. Tight temporal control of cyclin E is essential to the coordination of cell-cycle processes and the maintenance of genome integrity. Overexpression of cyclin E in human tumors was first observed in the 1990s and led to the identification of oncogenic roles for deregulated cyclin E in experimental models. A decade later, low-molecular-weight cyclin E (LMW-E) isoforms were observed in aggressive tumor subtypes. Compared with full-length cyclin E, LMW-E hyperactivates CDK2 through increased complex stability and resistance to the endogenous inhibitors p21CIP1 and p27KIP1. LMW-E is predominantly generated by neutrophil elastase–mediated proteolytic cleavage, which eliminates the N-terminal cyclin E nuclear localization signal and promotes cyclin E's accumulation in the cytoplasm. Compared with full-length cyclin E, the aberrant localization and unique stereochemistry of LMW-E dramatically alters the substrate specificity and selectivity of CDK2, increasing tumorigenicity in experimental models. Cytoplasmic LMW-E, which can be assessed by IHC, is prognostic of poor survival and predicts resistance to standard therapies in patients with cancer. These patients may benefit from therapeutic modalities targeting the altered biochemistry of LMW-E or its associated vulnerabilities. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5481–91. ©2018 AACR.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІМУННОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗУ В ДИНАМІЦІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ БРОНХІАЛЬНОЇ АСТМИ
Authors: Reheda M. S. , Lubinets L. A. , Shchepanskyi B. F. 
Published: September 2018

In this paper, it is shown that the modeling process of bronchial asthma (BA ) is accompanied by changes, in comparison with the control group, in the indicators of immune system response: T- & B-lymphocytes, circulating immune complexes in blood of guinea pig males on the 4th, 18th, 25th day of experiment.The aim of the study – determination of some indices of immune system in blood of guinea pigs in the modeling process of BA on 4th, 18th, 25th day of the experiment.Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on 40 guinea pigs (males), with body weight 0.25–0.27 kg. Animals were divided into four groups of ten animals in each. Intact guinea pigs were the first group. Animals with experimental BA – the second, third, fourth group respectively on the 4th, 18th, 25th day of the experiment. Experimental BA was reproduced by V. I. Babych method. In blood of intact guinea pigs and animals with experimental BA , the number of T- and B-lymphocytes was determined by the method of E. F. Chernushenko, L. S. Kohosov, determination of the level of circulating immune complexes was carried out by the method of V. Haskova and co-authors. The results of the study were processed by the method of variation statistics using Student's criterion.Results and Discussion. The results of the studies showed unidirectional changes in individual parameters of the immune system, depending on the periods of the formation of BA : an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes and circulating immune complexes, a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes for all of the studied days of the experiment.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate significant changes in the immune system parameters in the blood of experimental animals with BA and are important for understanding the pathogenesis of BA . These studies provide an opportunity to find the more perfect and effective methods of diagnosis of BA.
ФЕРИТИН, ЗАПАЛЕННЯ ТА ФРФ-23 ПРИ ХРОНІЧНІЙ ХВОРОБІ НИРОК
Authors: Chaikovska M. I. 
Published: September 2018

Fibroblast-23 growth factor (FGF-23) is a phosphate-regulating hormone secreted mainly by osteocytes, the level of which increases in response to an increase in the concentration of phosphates in the development of renal failure. Although FRG -23 helps to prevent hyperphosphataemia, its elevated level is independently associated with vascular dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, an increased risk of CVD , and death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).The aim of the study – to learn the status of systemic inflammation in CKD by measuring the levels of CRP and ferritin and to investigate the relationship between FRF-23 and inflammatory markers in CKD.Materials and Methods. The study involved 106 people, 47 women (44 %) and 59 men (56 %), age (49.6±13.9) years with CKD. Laboratory studies included determination of ferritin, CRP , hemoglobin (N). The C-terminal fragment of FRF-23 was determined using a set of reagents for the immuno-enzymatic analysis "Biomedica" on the apparatus STAT FAK 303 Plus.Results and Discussion. In the examination of patients with CKD, progressive elevation of CRP from CKD I (0.95 mg/l) to CKD V (25.7 mg/l) (p<0.001) in parallel with the development of renal failure was observed. The study of ferritin сoncentration showed a significant increase in its level already at the CKD stage II (167.23 ng/ml), compared with CKD stage I (57.53 ng/ml) (p<0.05), and achievement of maximum values at the terminal stage of chronic renal failure (285.1 ng/ml) (p<0.001). A negative correlation was found between ferritin and hemoglobin (R = - 0.37; p<0.001), since its concentration decreased from CKD I (141 g/l) to CKD V (88 g/l) (p<0.001). The concentration of the C-terminal fragment FGF-23 progressively increased in parallel with the GFR decline, reaching the highest values at the CKD stage V (p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between the concentration of ferritin and CRP (R = 0.41; p<0.001).Conclusions. The serum ferritin level increases in parallel with the decrease in GFR and has a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin concentration and positive correlation with the level of CRP and FGF-23 in patients with CKD. The serum ferritin level is not able to independently reflect the body's supply of iron in the CKD and can serve as a marker of inflammation in this patient cohort. The serum concentration of CRP increases in parallel with the decrease in GFR, reaching maximum values at CKD V, and has a significant positive correlation with the level of FGF-23 at CKD.
ПОРУШЕННЯ ВАРІАБЕЛЬНОСТІ СЕРЦЕВОГО РИТМУ ЯК МЕТОД ОЦІНЮВАННЯ АДАПТАЦІЙНИХ РЕАКЦІЙ ОРГАНІЗМУ ВАГІТНИХ ПРИ НАЯВНОСТІ ШКІДЛИВИХ ЗВИЧОК
Authors: Korniienko V. H. , Fitkalo A. S. 
Published: September 2018

According to modern data, the cardiovascular system is a kind of indicator of the organism's adaptive activity, and the structure of the heart rhythm carries information about the development of adaptive reactions in response to irritating factors of the external and internal environment.The aim of the study – to investigate the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in pregnant women who have harmful habits by evaluating and analyzing the parameters of heart rate variability in order to prevent complications of non-delivery of gestational process.Materials and Methods. The study involved 73 pregnant women, 53 of them were pregnant (the main group) who had malignant habits in history. Before studying adaptive reactions in pregnant women, a study of cardiac rhythm variability was performed in practically healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age (25.3±2.2) years). The control group consisted of 20 pregnant women without any harmful habits. Determination of heart rate variability was performed on the basis of peripheral heart rate recording, which included measuring the sequence of RR intervals for 5 minutes, followed by mathematical analysis using the PlsMntr software product.Results and Discussion. It was established that in the main group, in the complicated failure to pass the gestational process, violations of cardiac rhythm variability were detected in 59.7 % of cases. There is an increase in the frequency of very low frequency (VL F) waves (43.5 % relative to control, p<0.05), indicating a predominance of humoral and metabolic rate of regulation of the cardiac rhythm. At the threat of premature births, a decrease in the particle (LF) is observed at 36.6 %, a decrease in the share of high-frequency waves (НF) by 30.8 %. Taking into account the results of the study, one can speak of a decrease in the tone of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, reducing the influence of the reflexive vegetative level of regulation, which, in turn, indicates the depletion of regulatory mechanisms and the lack of an adaptive protective effect of n.vagus on the heart.Conclusions. Our innovative low-invasive method of evaluating the adaptive reactions of the organism through the determination and analysis of indicators of cardiac rhythm variability in pregnant women with the existing harmful habits offers us the opportunity to observe manifestations of functional stress of regulatory systems of pregnant women, preceding the development of complication of non-delivery of gestational process.
МОРФОМЕТРИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТІНОК ШЛУНОЧКІВ ТА МІЖШЛУНОЧКОВОЇ ПЕРЕГОРОДКИ СЕРЦЯ ЩУРІВ У НОРМІ ТА ПІСЛЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОПЛІДНОЇ ДІЇ АНТИГЕНУ
Authors: Hryhorieva O. A. , Cherniavskyi A. V. 
Published: September 2018

Recently diseases of cardiovascular system in children take one of the first places in Ukraine.The aim of the study – studying the morphometric features of walls and interventricular septum thickness of rat’s heart in normal conditions and after antenatal antigen impact.Materials and Methods. 144 hearts of laboratory rats were investigated. They were divided into 3 groups: I group – intact rats, ІІ – control group, that get intrauterine injection of Sodium Chloride solution 0.9 % 0.05 ml on the 18th day of antenatal development. III – the experimental group of rats, who were injected by 0.05 ml of anatoxin in a similar method. Serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results and Discussion. In the experimental group in newborn animals the indices of the thickness of right ventricle, left ventricle and interventricular septum are much lower than in the control. This tendency is observed until the 21st day, and on the 45th day all thickness indicators were significantly higher in experimental animals. Obtained results can be related with changes in the ratio of muscle and connective tissues by reducing of the first and increasing of the second. Wall’s thickening in experimental animals on the 45th day can be considered as a development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is one of the manifestations of UCTD in the heart.Conclusions. Intrauterine antenatal administration of the antigen may cause a disturbance in the formation of the connective tissue of the heart, which in the future may lead to decreasing of the adaptive capacity of the myocardium.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДУ СКІНЧЕННИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННІ АНГУЛЯРНИХ ПЕРЕЛОМІВ НИЖНЬОЇ ЩЕЛЕПИ
Authors: Hudymenko O. O. , Kuzenko Ye. V. , Demianenko M. M. , Skydanenko M. S. 
Published: September 2018

This research presents the technique of numerical calculations of mandible fractures, taking into account morphometric parameters. The received stress-deformed state of the mandible fragments, fastening plate and screws allows us to estimate the relative degree of displacement of the fragments and to evaluate their state after the action of chewing loads of phase 4.The aim of the study – to analyze the behavior of the mandible fragments after fixing the angular mandible fracture with plates of different configurations using modern software complexes that implement the finite element method.Materials and Methods. The behavior mandible fragments after fixing the plates of different configurations was the computer simulation in the ANSYS Workbrench software, namely, its module Transient Structural, which implements the method of finite elements.Results and Discussion. After numerical calculations, it has been discovered that the use of computer technologies in maxillofacial surgery provides a more accurate picture of the treatment results, interaction and relative movement between parts of the system of "mandible fracture – plate – screws", which makes it possible to improve the treatment plan.Conclusions. The use modern software complexes of automated geometric modeling allows us tocreate high-precision models o biomechanical systems based on CT data followed by finite-element sampling ad a numerical experiment in engineering analysis system.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ БУДОВИ ЯЄЧНИКІВ ПОТОМСТВА ЩУРІВ ПІСЛЯ ВВЕДЕННЯ ПРОГЕСТЕРОНУ ПІД ЧАС ВАГІТНОСТІ
Authors: Hryhorieva O. A. , Kovalchuk K. S. 
Published: September 2018

In obstetric and gynecological practice for miscarriage treatment the hormone progesterone is widely used.The aim of the study – to learn the correlation of ovarian structures of rats (follicles, connective tissue, blood vessels and corpus luteum) after the administration of progesterone during pregnancy.Materials and Methods. The ovaries of 48 female Wistar rats were investigated on the 45th, 60th and 90th days of life, and they were divided into 3 groups: intact, experimental (the oily solution of progesterone in a dosage 0.33 ml was administered intramuscularly to the female rats from the 15th to the 18th day of pregnancy), and the control group, which was injected with a physiological solution of sodium chloride in an equivalent dosage. The ovaries were fixed in 10 % neutral formalin, serial paraffin cross sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results and Discussion. From the 45th to the 90th day in the ovaries of experimental animals the connective tissue volume increase and the relative area occupied by the follicles decrease were observed comparing to the control group of animals. The relative area occupied by corpus luteum was significantly greater in the offspring of animals exposed to progesterone during pregnancy than in control animals. As for the blood vessels, there was a decrease in the relative area of vessels in the ovaries of experimental animals during the entire period of observation.Conclusions. In the experimental group of animals we observed the connective tissue and corpus luteum volume increase, but relative area occupied by follicles and blood vessels decreases during the entire observation period.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КВІНАПРИЛУ ТА L-АРГІНІНУ З МЕТОЮ КОРЕКЦІЇ ЕНДОТЕЛІАЛЬНОЇ ДИСФУНКЦІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ АНКІЛОЗИВНИМ СПОНДИЛОАРТРИТОМ ТА В ПОЄДНАННІ З ГІПЕРТОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ
Authors: Smiian S. I. , Koshak B. O. , Slaba U. S. 
Published: September 2018

Mortality rate among patients with AS is 2 times higher the population level. It is caused by cardiovascular disease. Now it is clear that the presence of chronic systemic inflammation is an important predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease due to the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED).The aim of the study – to evaluate the efficacy of correction of ED in patients with AS and arterial hypertension with the use of quinapril and L-arginine aspartate.Materials and Methods. A total of 110 patients with AS were examined with evaluation endothelium-depended vasodilation (EDVD) in response to reactive hyperemia, were chosen patients with EDVD <10 % (n=79), and were divided into 4 groups. Group I included 17 people who received standard therapy. Patients from the group II (n=20) received intravenous infusion of the solution of L-Arginine. Group III included patients with concomitant hypertension and they received quinapril (n=19). Group IV (n=23) consist of patients with hypertension, but their treatment was combination of L-arginine with quinapril.Results and Discussion. It was found that in the group II there was a significant improvement in the endothelium’s function (EDVD (23.2±2.4) % (p=0.0023), and its normalization were in 7 patients. In patients of the third group, who received only quinapril were not found normalization of EDVD in any of the patients. In last group (IV) 7 patients showed normalization of the endothelium, 10 improvements compared with baseline levels, and 6 no changes were observed.Conclusions. L-arginine in the complex therapy of patients with AC can significantly reduce the manifestations of ED in patients without concomitant hypertension. Combined use of quinapril in combination with L-arginine demonstrated improvement of endothelial function and control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.