bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study of Simulation Training in Difficult Bag Mask Ventilation Using a Computerized Patient Simulator
Authors: Pastis Nicholas J , Tobin Catherine D , Wolf Bethany J , Reves Jerry G , Schaefer John J 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Bag mask ventilation (BMV) is fundamental to airway management. Simulation is effective in airway management training, but its effectiveness for difficult BMV training is less clear. We evaluated the difference between type of training (simulation vs on patients) and the pass rate on a post-test on patients. Design: A single center pilot study was performed with 32 medical students randomized to participate in difficult BMV training on simulators or patients. Pre- and post-training tests on the simulator and on patients were recorded. Surveys of trainee confidence level were collected. The primary goal was to estimate the difference between type of training (simulation vs on patients) and the pass rate on the post-test on patients with an improvement of 10% or more in passing rate considered as a meaningful improvement. Secondary outcomes included whether or not participants passed the simulator post-test, post-test on patient confidence, and pre- and post-test confidence. Measurements and main results: Participants trained on the simulator had 13% higher passing rate on the post-test on patients compared to participants trained on patients (88% vs 75%). In addition, subjects that passed the simulator post-test had 11 times the odds of passing a post-test on patients relative to subjects that did not pass the simulator post-test ( P = 0.023, odds ratio = 11.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48-81.6). Post-training confidence levels were higher among those who passed the simulator pre-test and post-test and received simulator training. Conclusions: Simulation training for difficult BMV led to a higher passing rate on a post-test on patients compared to those trained on patients. This finding will need to be confirmed in larger randomized controlled trials. Successfully completing difficult BMV training on a simulator with a passing grade correlated with passing a test on difficult BMV on patients.
Treat stroke to target trial design: First trial comparing two LDL targets in patients with atherothrombotic strokes
Authors: Amarenco Pierre , Kim Jong S , Labreuche Julien , Giroud Maurice , Lee Byung-Chul , Mahagne Marie-Hélène , Nighoghossian Norbert , Simon Tabassome , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Touboul Pierre-Jean , Vicaut Eric , Yelles Nessima , Bruckert Eric 
Published: March 2019

Background In patients with non-cardio-embolic stroke, atorvastatin 80 mg/day reduced the relative risk of recurrent stroke by 16%, and a post hoc analysis showed that achieving an LDL-c of less than 70 mg/dL reduced the relative risk by 28% as compared to an on-treatment LDL of 100 mg/dL or more. Current guidelines from the French drug agency recommend treating with a statin after an ischaemic stroke to a target of less than 100 mg/dL, but no study directly tested LDL-c targets. The Treat Stroke to Target (TST) trial will compare the efficacy of achieving an LDL-c of less than 70 mg/dL versus an achieved LDL-c of 100 ± 10 mg/dL for secondary prevention in patients with recent ischaemic stroke of atherosclerotic origin. Main hypothesis: An achieved on-treatment LDL-c of less than 70 mg/dL will reduce by 25% the risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, urgent coronary or carotid revascularisation following new symptoms requiring hospitalisation, and vascular death compared with on-treatment LDL-c of 100 ± 10 mg/dL. Design Patients are randomised to either LDL-c levels, and the investigator who is not blinded can use the lipid-lowering agent of his/her choice available on the market (including statins and ezetimibe), in order to achieve the assigned LDL-c level. To be eligible for enrolment, patients have a recent ischaemic stroke or TIA of atherosclerotic origin with at least one arterial stenosis of a cerebral artery, enrolled between acute phase of the qualifying stroke (once the neurological deficit is stabilised) and three months. The initial planned sample size of 3760 participants followed three years was amended to allow follow-up of all enrolled patients until 385 primary efficacy outcome events have occurred, and no later than 31 December 2019. Patients will be recruited in 76 sites in two countries (France and South Korea) between March 2010 and December 2018 (last included patient followed up to one year). Safety outcomes will include haemorrhagic strokes and new onset diabetes. All primary endpoints will be adjudicated by an endpoint committee, blinded to the assigned LDL-c level. Two sub-studies assess (1) the relative effect of assigned LDL-c levels on occurrence of new atherosclerotic plaque as detected by carotid ultrasound during follow-up, using M’ATH software for repositioning and (2) the genetic and biomarker drivers of recurrent primary endpoints according to assigned LDL-c lowering arm, in atherosclerotic strokes. Summary The TST trial is evaluating the benefits of achieving an LDL-c less than 70 mg/dL for secondary stroke prevention in ischaemic stroke patients of atherosclerotic origin. Main results are anticipated in 2020 or earlier (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01252875).
Perceived impact of contextual determinants on depression, anxiety and stress: a survey with university students
Authors: Othman Nasih , Ahmad Farah , El Morr Christo , Ritvo Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Young adults starting college or university education encounter multiple stressors related to transitional life-stage and novel environments. Current studies reveal high rates of symptoms related to common mental health problems like depression, anxiety and stress. However, limited knowledge exists on the determinants on these problems among Canadian students. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the impact of contextual determinants, as perceived by students, on self-reported mental health, and how these impacts varied by depression, anxiety and stress.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with students attending a large university in Toronto, Canada. Participants completed a self-administered online questionnaire as part of a larger project. The questions asked about contextual determinants related to personal, interpersonal, family, social, socio-economic and political factors along with levels of depression, anxiety and stress as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale.

Results
A total of 148 students completed the questionnaire (37 males and 111 females) with an age range of 19–54 years (median 22, IQR 21–24.8). English was reported as first language by 62.8% while 34.5% self-identified as white and 58.1% reported being born in Canada. Overall, 39.5% reported symptoms of moderate to severe depression, 23.8% reported moderate–severe anxiety and 80.3% reported moderate–severe levels of perceived stress, with no significant differences between males and females. In the final multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with depression were grade-point-average (aOR 2.46, 95% CI 1.017–5.97), family factors (aOR 3.46, 95% CI 1.50–7.94), social factors (aOR 3.24, 1.30–8.1), self-rated health (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.82) and political factors (aOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16–0.97). Anxiety was significantly associated with family factors (aOR 2.79, 1.09–7.18), socioeconomic factors (aOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.05–6.42) and age (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.98). The significant factors for stress were grade-point-average (aOR 2.41, 1.01–5.75) and social factors (aOR 3.87, 95% CI 1.59–9.43).

Conclusion
The study found strong to moderate impact of several determinants on depression, anxiety and stress. The results suggest a need to address a variety of factors affecting students’ mental health.
Trial registration Parent trial: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN92827275
Stereotactic body radiotherapy to the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes: A detailed dosimetric analysis of a phase II prospective trial
Authors: Kishan Amar U , Tyran Marguerite , Weng Julius , Upadhyaya Shrinivasa , Lamb James , Steinberg Michael , King Christopher , Cao Minsong 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the dosimetric ramifications of simultaneously irradiating the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) with a stereotactic body radiotherapy approach based on rigid registration to intraprostatic markers (IPMs).

Methods and materials:
Nineteen patients received concurrent SBRT to the prostate and PLNs on a phase II clinical trial. The translational and rotation shifts required for rigid registration to bony anatomy and changes in bladder and rectal anatomy were compared between patients with &gt; 90% and &lt; 90% coverage of the nodal clinical target volume (CTVN ) as drawn on fractional kilovoltage cone-beam CTs. Stepwise multivariable regression models evaluated relationships between these anatomical parameters and the change in V100%CTVN.

Results:
The average V100%CTVN per patient was 92.4 % (IQR, 90.2 – 96.4 %). For five patients (26.3%), the average was 85.0 % (IQR, 82.4–88.3 %). The left-right and superior-inferior translational shifts, sagittal rotational shift, and change in bladder volume were significantly different ( p &lt; 0.05 for all via Student’s t-test). Changes in bladder height, left/right shift, superior/inferior shift, 3-D shift, and axial rotation as significant predictors of change in dosing of V100%CTVN.

Conclusion:
While simultaneous SBRT to the prostate and PLNs based on rigid registration to IPMs provides adequate PLN coverage in most instances, overall coverage may be lower than anticipated if anatomy is unstable. Careful evaluation of bladder filling on kV-CBCT before treatment may be the most practical method for estimating accuracy prior to treatment.

Advances in knowledge:
Simultaneous SBRT to the prostate and PLNs based on rigid registration to IPMs provides adequate PLN coverage in most instances.
Genomic architecture differences at the HTT locus underlie symptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases of Huntington’s disease.
Authors: Salter Matthew , Powell Ryan , Back Jennifer , Grand Francis , Koutsothanasi Christina , Green Jayne , Hunter Ewan , Ramadass Aroul , Westra Jurjen , Akoulitchev Alexandre 
Published: March 2019

Background:Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes degeneration of neurons in the brain, ultimately leading to death. The root cause of HD is an expanded trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the “huntingtin gene” (HTT). While there is a rough correlation between the number of CAG repeats and disease onset, the development of clinical symptoms can vary by decades within individuals and little is known about this pre-symptomatic phase.Methods:Using peripheral blood samples from HD patients and healthy controls we usedEpiSwitch™, a validated high-resolution industrial platform for the detection of chromosome conformations, to assess chromatin architecture in the immediate vicinity of theHTTgene. We evaluated chromatin conformations at 20 sites across 225 kb of theHTTlocus in healthy controls, verified symptomatic HD patients (CAG, n>39) and patients with CAG expansions who had not yet manifested clinical symptoms of HD.Results:Discrete chromosome conformations were observed across the patient groups. We found two constitutive interactions (occurring in all patient groups) and seven conditional interactions which were present in HD, but not in healthy controls. Most important, we observed three conditional interactions that were present only in HD patients manifesting clinical symptoms (symptomatic cases), but not in presymptomatic cases. Of the patients in the symptomatic HD cohort, 86% (6 out of 7) demonstrated at least one of the specific chromosome conformations associated with symptomatic HD.Conclusion:Our results provide the first evidence that chromatin architecture at theHTTlocus is systemically altered in patients with HD, with conditional differences between clinical stages. Given the high clinical need in having a molecular tool to assess disease progression in HD, these results strongly suggest that the non-invasive assessment of chromosome conformation signatures can be a valuable addition to prognostic assessment of HD patients.
Impact of Pharmacist‐led Discharge Counseling on Hospital Readmission and Emergency Department Visits: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Bonetti Aline F , Reis Walleri C , Mendes Antonio M , Rotta Inajara , Tonin Fernanda S , Fernandez‐Llimos Fernando , Pontarolo Roberto 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDTransitions of care can contribute to medication errors and other adverse drug events.PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist‐led discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visits through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.DATA SOURCESElectronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), along with a manual search (July 2017). PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017068444.STUDY SELECTIONTwo independent reviewers performed all the steps of the systematic review process (screening of titles and abstracts, full‐text appraisal, data extraction, and quality assessment), with contributions from a third researcher. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting data on pharmacist‐led discharge counseling.DATA EXTRACTIONPrimary extracted outcomes were emergency department visits and hospital readmission rates.DATA SYNTHESISMeta‐analyses of intervention versus usual care for hospital readmission and emergency department visit rates were performed using the inverse variance method. Results are reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prediction intervals (PIs) were also calculated. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 21 RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis and 18 in the meta‐analyses (n = 7,244 patients). The original meta‐analysis revealed a significant difference in the impact between pharmacist‐led discharge counseling and usual care on overall hospital readmission (RR = 0.864 [95% CI 0.763‐0.997], P = .020) and emergency department (RR = 0.697 [95% CI 0.535‐0.907], P = .007) visits. However, the small number of included studies, the high heterogeneity among trials (I2 between 40% and 60%), and the wide PIs (hospital readmission: PI 0.542‐1.186; emergency department visits: PI 0.027‐1.367) prevented drawing further conclusions.CONCLUSIONSInsufficient evidence exists regarding the effect of pharmacist‐led discharge counseling on hospital readmission and emergency department visits. Further well‐designed clinical trials with defined core outcome sets are needed.
Reduced Serum Sphingolipids Constitute a Molecular Signature of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Rachakonda Vikrant , Argemi Josepmaria , Borhani Amir A. , Bataller Ramon , Tevar Amit , Behari Jaideep 
Published: March 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Malnutrition is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Although multiple noninvasive measures of nutritional status have been studied, no consensus exists for early identification of malnutrition in cirrhosis. Serum metabolomics offers a novel approach for identifying biomarkers in multiple disease states. To characterize alterations in metabolic pathways associated with malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients and to identify biomarkers for disease prognosis.

METHODS:
In this cross-sectional, observational cohort study, 51 hospitalized cirrhotic patients were classified as malnourished (42.3%) or nourished (57.7%) based on low mid-arm muscle circumference and dominant handgrip strength. Anthropometric measurements and computed tomography body composition analysis were performed. Serum was collected after overnight fasting for unbiased metabolomics analysis.

RESULTS:
Malnourished cirrhotic patients exhibited mild reductions in skeletal muscle index, with more marked reductions in visceral fat index. Seventy-one biochemicals were significantly altered in malnourished subjects. The serum metabolite profile was significantly different between nourished and malnourished cirrhotic patients. Pathway analysis demonstrated that only sphingolipid metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in altered metabolites. Hierarchical clustering revealed that sphingolipid metabolites clustered into nourished and malnourished cohorts. Spearman analysis demonstrated multiple statistically significant correlations between sphingolipid species and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium. Using logistic regression, we identified 8 sphingolipids that were significantly associated with malnutrition after controlling for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium, age, and gender.

CONCLUSIONS:
Malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients is characterized by reductions in multiple sphingolipid species. Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiology of malnutrition in cirrhosis and potentially serve as a biomarker of nutritional status in this population.
Lipopolysaccharides From Non-Helicobacter pylori Gastric Bacteria Potently Stimulate Interleukin-8 Production in Gastric Epithelial Cells
Authors: Miyata Natsumi , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Hayashi Shunji , Sato Kiichi , Hirai Yoshikazu , Yamamoto Hironori , Sugano Kentaro 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:
Gastric acid secretion is compromised in chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection allowing overgrowth of non-H. pylori gastric bacteria (NHGB) in the stomach.

METHODS:
NHGB were isolated from gastric mucosa in selective media and further characterized with biochemical methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Human gastric tissues were studied with indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies against H. pylori and Neisseria subflava (N. subflava). Gastric epithelial cell lines were cocultured with bacteria or incubated with lipopolysaccharides isolated from NHGB, and interleukin-8 released in the media was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, it's coreceptor myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), and CD14 in gastric cells was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

Haemophilus species, Neisseria species, Fusobacterium species, and Veillonella species were predominant Gram-negative bacteria coinfected with H. pylori. Lipopolysaccharides from N. subflava potently stimulated interleukin-8 secretion in MKN45 cells which was cancelled by preincubation with polymyxin B. TLR2, TLR4, CD14, and myeloid differentiation factor 2 were expressed in MKN45 cells, though their levels of expression were low. N. subflava adhered to MKN45 cells in vitro and colocalized with H. pylori in the human gastric mucosa.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggest that N. subflava colonized in the gastric mucosa contribute to gastric inflammation during chronic H. pylori gastritis.

TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT:
NHGB may perpetuate gastric inflammation and accelerate neoplastic progression in the hypochlorhydric stomach.
AKADEMİSYENLERİN TASARRUF YAPMA VE TASARRUFLARI DEĞERLENDİRME EĞİLİMLERİ: TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI
Authors: ULUYOL Osman 
Published: March 2019

Günümüzde bireysel tasarruflar ve hane halkı
tasarrufları ekonomik açıdan kritik önem taşımaktadır. Ülkemizin genel olarak
tasarruf yetersizliği sorunu vardır. Bu makalede akademik personelin tasarruf
yapma ve tasarrufları değerlendirme eğilimleri araştırılmıştır. İnternet üzerinden 30 üniversitedeki akademisyenlere
anket gönderilmiş ve 644 anket formu cevaplandırılmıştır. Anket yöntemiyle elde
edilen veriler istatistik programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiş, frekans analizi,
yüzde analizi yöntemleriyle sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara
göre akademisyenlerde tasarruf yapma oranı yaklaşık % 25 bulunmuştur. Tasarrufların başlıca değerlendirme yöntemleri ise
sırasıyla altın ve döviz olarak bankaya yatırma, gayrimenkul ve otomobil alma
şeklinde ortaya çıkmıştır.
KENT GÜVENLİĞİNİN SAĞLANMASI BAĞLAMINDA MAHALLE
Authors: SEZİK Murat 
Published: March 2019

Tarihten günümüze insanlığın
üzerinde durduğu önemli konulardan birisi güvenlik konusu olmuştur. Tarihsel
süreç içinde güvenliği sağlamak amacıyla kentlerin surlarla çevrelenmesi ve
kaleler yapılması güvenlik ihtiyacının insanlık için önemini gösteren örnekler
arasındadır. Önceleri dışarıdan gelen tehditlere karşı kentlileri koruyan
surlar, kaleler günümüz dünyası için birer nostalji öğesi olarak turizme katkı
sunmaktadır. Mahalle ise geçmişten günümüze kent düzeni içerisinde esaslı
aktörlerden birisi olarak kent güvenliğinin sağlanmasında etkinliğini hala
sürdürmektedir. Çünkü mahalle ortamında insanlar birbirleri ile ilişki
kurmaktadır, bu ilişki tanıklık ve yakınlık ilişkisidir. Mahalle başkasıyla yüz
yüze gelinen, pazarında, bakkalında, camisinde, sokağında karşılaşılan alandır. Kent yönetim
sistemi içerisinde de ilk basamak olan mahalle aynı zamanda kentin özüdür ve
bir bütün olarak mahalle muhtarı, sakinleri, bakkalı ve diğer ticarethaneleri
ile aslında kentin gözü ve kulağıdır. Bu araştırmada kenti oluşturmada ilk
basamakta yer alan mahallenin kent güvenliğinin sağlanmasında çoğu kez farkına
dahi varmadığımız tanışıklık, gözetim ve temas hallerinin polisiye tedbirlerin
öncesinde ve ötesinde bir etkisinin olduğu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu
nedenle araştırmada, mahalle kültürünün yaşatılması, modernleşmenin getirdiği
olumsuz etkilerinden korunması, işlevlerinin devam etmesi bir bakıma kent
güvenlik sisteminin insan ilişkileri üzerinden kurgulanması ve güvenliğin
sağlanması sonucunu doğuracağı ifade edilmiş ve sokakları, binaları,
kaldırımları ve diğer unsurları ile mahallenin kentsel güvenliğe nasıl katkı
sunduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet 
Published: March 2019

Dear producers and consumers of knowledge,
I would like to share the happiness of being with you again with second issue of Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction (PEGEGOG) in 2019. Initially, I want to thank you for the increasing interest for our journal.
The popularity of the journal of PEGEGOG continues to grow, with over a hundred papers received in last one year. Of these, about 30.00% were accepted for publication. This is good news for our journal. On the other hand, I have to indicate that there were critical problems in terms of format within these articles as stated in the previous issue. First of all, unfortunately we had to reject some articles as in many of them there were texts very similar to ones in different articles. At first step, we scan all articles in i-Thenticate program to determine the exact quotations from other resources. After this scan, we reject the articles detected to have exact quotations at a high rate without initiating peer-review process. Apart from that, we also send back the articles not written in an academic format not to disturb our reviewers unnecessarily.
One of the problems with the articles submitted to our journal and we had to reject was about data analysis. The data is the raw information collected from related resources through research aims. These should be analyzed in parallel with these aims. It is necessary to analyze them using statistics for quantitative data and methods such as content analysis or descriptive analysis for qualitative data. Analysis provides the data being transformed into findings and make sense. Especially, in some of document analysis and some qualitative studies, it is seen that data are presented as findings. In some others, data are presented being only described. It is essential that the studies are formed in an article format obeying the rules by the journal and presented for publication afterwards.
As always, we present the ten articles got through peer-review process and given DOI number to you dear producers and consumers of knowledge. I wish these studies conducted in various fields of educational sciences will be useful and contribute to theoretical knowledge within the field. Hope to meet within the next issue.
Sincerely yours,