bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐PrPC antibody rescues cognition and synapses in transgenic alzheimer mice
Authors: Cox Timothy O. , Gunther Erik C. , Brody A. Harrison , Chiasseu Marius T. , Stoner Austin , Smith Levi M. , Haas Laura T. , Hammersley Jayne , Rees Gareth , Dosanjh Bhupinder , Groves Maria , Gardener Matthew , Dobson Claire , Vaughan Tristan , Chessell Iain , Billinton Andrew , Strittmatter Stephen M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveAmyloid‐beta oligomers (Aßo) trigger the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Cellular prion protein (PrPC) initiates synaptic damage as a high affinity receptor for Aßo. Here, we evaluated the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of a fully human monoclonal antibody against PrPC. This AZ59 antibody selectively targets the Aβo binding site in the amino‐terminal unstructured domain of PrPC to avoid any potential risk of direct toxicity.MethodsPotency of AZ59 was evaluated by binding to PrPC, blockade of Aβo interaction and interruption of Aβo signaling. AZ59 was administered to mice by weekly intraperitoneal dosing and brain antibody measured. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were treated with AZ59 and assessed by memory tests, by brain biochemistry and by histochemistry for Aß, gliosis and synaptic density.ResultsAZ59 binds PrPC with 100 pmol/L affinity and blocks human brain Aßo binding to PrPC, as well as prevents synaptotoxic signaling. Weekly i.p. dosing of 20 mg/kg AZ59 in a murine form achieves trough brain antibody levels greater than 10 nmol/L. Aged symptomatic APP/PS1 transgenic mice treated with AZ59 for 5–7 weeks show a full rescue of behavioral and synaptic loss phenotypes. This recovery occurs without clearance of plaque pathology or elimination of gliosis. AZ59 treatment also normalizes synaptic signaling abnormalities in transgenic brain. These benefits are dose‐dependent and persist for at least 1 month after the last dose.InterpretationPreclinical data demonstrate that systemic AZ59 therapy rescues central synapses and memory function from transgenic Alzheimer's disease pathology, supporting a disease‐modifying therapeutic potential.
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of interferon‐γ 1b in Friedreich Ataxia
Authors: Lynch David R. , Hauser Lauren , McCormick Ashley , Wells McKenzie , Dong Yi Na , McCormack Shana , Schadt Kim , Perlman Susan , Subramony Sub H. , Mathews Katherine D. , Brocht Alicia , Ball Julie , Perdok Renee , Grahn Amy , Vescio Tom , Sherman Jeffrey W. , Farmer Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn vitro, in vivo, and open‐label studies suggest that interferon gamma (IFN‐γ 1b) may improve clinical features in Friedreich Ataxia through an increase in frataxin levels. The present study evaluates the efficacy and safety of IFN‐γ 1b in the treatment of Friedreich Ataxia through a double‐blind, multicenter, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsNinety‐two subjects with FRDA between 10 and 25 years of age were enrolled. Subjects received either IFN‐γ 1b or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (mFARS).ResultsNo difference was noted between the groups after 6 months of treatment in the mFARS or secondary outcome measures. No change was noted in buccal cell or whole blood frataxin levels. However, during an open‐label extension period, subjects had a more stable course than expected based on natural history data.ConclusionsThis study provides no direct evidence for a beneficial effect of IFN‐γ1b in FRDA. The modest stabilization compared to natural history data leaves open the possibility that longer studies may demonstrate benefit.
Experience replay–based output feedback Q‐learning scheme for optimal output tracking control of discrete‐time linear systems
Authors: Rizvi Syed Ali Asad , Lin Zongli 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper focuses on solving the adaptive optimal tracking control problem for discrete‐time linear systems with unknown system dynamics using output feedback. A Q‐learning‐based optimal adaptive control scheme is presented to learn the feedback and feedforward control parameters of the optimal tracking control law. The optimal feedback parameters are learned using the proposed output feedback Q‐learning Bellman equation, whereas the estimation of the optimal feedforward control parameters is achieved using an adaptive algorithm that guarantees convergence to zero of the tracking error. The proposed method has the advantage that it is not affected by the exploration noise bias problem and does not require a discounting factor, relieving the two bottlenecks in the past works in achieving stability guarantee and optimal asymptotic tracking. Furthermore, the proposed scheme employs the experience replay technique for data‐driven learning, which is data efficient and relaxes the persistence of excitation requirement in learning the feedback control parameters. It is shown that the learned feedback control parameters converge to the optimal solution of the Riccati equation and the feedforward control parameters converge to the solution of the Sylvester equation. Simulation studies on two practical systems have been carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Wearable and Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Li Hu , Shi Bojing , Fan Yubo , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Zhou 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a promising technology to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy based on coupled triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. With the rapid development of functional materials and manufacturing techniques, wearable and implantable TENGs have evolved into playing important roles in clinic and daily life from in vitro to in vivo. These flexible and light membrane‐like devices have the potential to be a new power supply or sensor element, to meet the special requirements for portable electronics, promoting innovation in electronic devices. In this review, the recent advances in wearable and implantable TENGs as sustainable power sources or self‐powered sensors are reviewed. In addition, the remaining challenges and future possible improvements of wearable and implantable TENG‐based self‐powered systems are discussed.
Hybrid Energy Harvesters: Toward Sustainable Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ryu Hanjun , Yoon Hong‐Joon , Kim Sang‐Woo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecently, sustainable green energy harvesting systems have been receiving great attention for their potential use in self‐powered smart wireless sensor network (WSN) systems. In particular, though the developed WSN systems are able to advance public good, very high and long‐term budgets will be required in order to use them to supply electrical energy through temporary batteries or connecting power cables. This report summarizes recent significant progress in the development of hybrid nanogenerators for a sustainable energy harvesting system that use natural and artificial energies such as solar, wind, wave, heat, machine vibration, and automobile noise. It starts with a brief introduction of energy harvesting systems, and then summarizes the different hybrid energy harvesting systems: integration of mechanical and photovoltaic energy harvesters, integration of mechanical and thermal energy harvesters, integration of thermal and photovoltaic energy harvesters, and others. In terms of the reported hybrid nanogenerators, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, and output performances is provided. Specifically, electromagnetic induction, triboelectric, piezoelectric, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and pyroelectric effects are reviewed on the basis of the individual and hybrid power performances of hybrid nanogenerators and their practical applications with various device designs. Finally, the perspectives on and challenges in developing high performance and sustainable hybrid nanogenerator systems are presented.
Boosting Water Dissociation Kinetics on Pt–Ni Nanowires by N‐Induced Orbital Tuning
Authors: Xie Yufang , Cai Jinyan , Wu Yishang , Zang Yipeng , Zheng Xusheng , Ye Jian , Cui Peixin , Niu Shuwen , Liu Yun , Zhu Junfa , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Gongming , Qian Yitai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough it is commonly believed that the water‐dissociation‐related Volmer process is the rate‐limiting step for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Pt‐based catalysts, the underlying essence, particularly on the atomic scale, still remains unclear. Herein, it is revealed that the sluggish water‐dissociation behavior probably stems from unfavorable orbital orientation and the kinetic issue is successfully resolved via N‐induced orbital tuning. Impressively, N modified Pt–Ni nanowires deliver an ultralow overpotential of 13 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which represents a new benchmark for alkaline HER catalysis. Fine‐structural characterization and density functional theory analysis illustrate that the introduced nitrogen can uniquely modulate the electron densities around the Ni sites, and further create empty dz2 orbitals with superior orientation for water adsorption and activation. More importantly, it is demonstrated that N‐induced orbital modulation can generally boost the alkaline HER activities of Pt–Co, Pt–Ni, and Pt–Cu, offering a new perspective for the design of HER catalysts and beyond.
Electro‐Optic Modulation in Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Gao Yuan , Walters Grant , Qin Ying , Chen Bin , Min Yimeng , Seifitokaldani Ali , Sun Bin , Todorovic Petar , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Lough Alan , Tongay Sefaattin , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRapid and efficient conversion of electrical signals to optical signals is needed in telecommunications and data network interconnection. The linear electro‐optic (EO) effect in noncentrosymmetric materials offers a pathway to such conversion. Conventional inorganic EO materials make on‐chip integration challenging, while organic nonlinear molecules suffer from thermodynamic molecular disordering that decreases the EO coefficient of the material. It has been posited that hybrid metal halide perovskites could potentially combine the advantages of inorganic materials (stable crystal orientation) with those of organic materials (solution processing). Here, layered metal halide perovskites are reported and investigated for in‐plane birefringence and linear electro‐optic response. Phenylmethylammonium lead chloride (PMA2PbCl4) crystals are grown that exhibit a noncentrosymmetric space group. Birefringence measurements and Raman spectroscopy confirm optical and structural anisotropy in the material. By applying an electric field on the crystal surface, the linear EO effect in PMA2PbCl4 is reported and its EO coefficient is determined to be 1.40 pm V−1. This is the first demonstration of this effect in hybrid metal halide perovskites, materials that feature both highly ordered crystalline structures and solution processability. The in‐plane birefringence and electro‐optic response reveal that layered perovskite crystals could be further explored for potential applications in polarizing optics and EO modulation.
Manipulate the Electronic and Magnetic States in NiCo2O4 Films through Electric‐Field‐Induced Protonation at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Wang Meng , Sui Xuelei , Wang Yujia , Juan Yung‐Hsiang , Lyu Yingjie , Peng Huining , Huang Tongtong , Shen Shengchun , Guo Chenguang , Zhang Jianbing , Li Zhuolu , Li Hao‐Bo , Lu Nianpeng , N'Diaye Alpha T. , Arenholz Elke , Zhou Shuyun , He Qing , Chu Ying‐Hao , Duan Wenhui , Yu Pu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIonic‐liquid‐gating‐ (ILG‐) induced proton evolution has emerged as a novel strategy to realize electron doping and manipulate the electronic and magnetic ground states in complex oxides. While the study of a wide range of systems (e.g., SrCoO2.5, VO2, WO3, etc.) has demonstrated important opportunities to incorporate protons through ILG, protonation remains a big challenge for many others. Furthermore, the mechanism of proton intercalation from the ionic liquid/solid interface to whole film has not yet been revealed. Here, with a model system of inverse spinel NiCo2O4, an increase in system temperature during ILG forms a single but effective method to efficiently achieve protonation. Moreover, the ILG induces a novel phase transformation in NiCo2O4 from ferrimagnetic metallic into antiferromagnetic insulating with protonation at elevated temperatures. This study shows that environmental temperature is an efficient tuning knob to manipulate ILG‐induced ionic evolution.
Printed Strain Sensors Using Graphene Nanosheets Prepared by Water‐Assisted Liquid Phase Exfoliation
Authors: Manna Kausik , Wang Long , Loh Kenneth J. , Chiang Wei‐Hung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel approach to leverage the extraordinary properties of graphene for designing thin film strain sensors is demonstrated. Graphene nanosheets (GNS) are produced from graphite by a liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method using water along with N‐methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) as cosolvents. It is found that the water‐NMP solvent system enhances the exfoliation yield and the stability of the GNS dispersion, thereby lowering the number of defects in the GNS basal plane. Both LPE‐based GNS and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are synthesized for fabricating thin film strain sensors and for comparison purposes. Detailed micro‐Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that the as‐produced GNS exhibits lower defects than RGO nanosheets. The strain sensing study reveals that strain sensors fabricated using low‐defect GNS exhibit enhanced electrical and electromechanical properties, including higher electrical conductivity, lower noise floor, and more stable electromechanical response as compared to RGO‐based sensors.
Rational Design of Soft, Thermally Conductive Composite Liquid‐Cooled Tubes for Enhanced Personal, Robotics, and Wearable Electronics Cooling
Authors: Kotagama Praveen , Phadnis Akshay , Manning Kenneth C. , Rykaczewski Konrad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThermoregulatory garments composed of liquid‐cooled plastic tubes have users ranging from astronauts to multiple sclerosis patients and are emerging as a flexible cooling solution for wearable electronics and high‐power robotics. Despite the plethora of applications, the current cooling systems are cumbersome to use due to their excessive size. In this work this issue is resolved by developing soft, thermally conductive silicone–aluminum composite tubes. To achieve optimal device performance, the material must be designed to balance the decrease in bulk thermal resistance and the increase in interfacial tube‐substrate resistance due to composite stiffening. Thus, to enable the rational design of such tubes, a closed form thermomechanical model that predicts cooling performance as a function of tube geometry and filler fraction is developed and experimentally validated. Predictions via this model and experiments are used to reveal how the tube's geometrical and material design can be adjusted to minimize the required length of tubing and maximize the heat extracted from a metallic surface and skin. Lastly, through a holistic analysis, this work demonstrates that besides significantly increasing overall cooling capability, the use of low‐resistance tubing can provide a multifold reduction in the cooling system size and enable novel operating modes.
Measuring gas hold‐up in gas–liquid/gas–solid–liquid stirred tanks with an electrical resistance tomography linear probe
Authors: Forte Giuseppe , Alberini Federico , Simmons Mark J. H. , Stitt E. Hugh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn electrical resistance tomography (ERT) linear probe was used to measure gas hold‐up in a two‐phase (gas–liquid) and three phase (gas–solid–liquid) stirred‐tank system equipped with a Rushton turbine. The ERT linear probe was chosen rather than the more commonly used ring cage geometry to achieve higher resolution in the axial direction as well as its potential for use on manufacturing plant. Gas‐phase distribution was measured as a function of flow regime by varying both impeller speed and gas flow rate. Global and local gas hold‐up values were calculated using ERT data by applying Maxwell's equation for conduction through heterogeneous media. The results were compared with correlations, hard‐field tomography data, and computational fluid dynamic simulations available in the literature, showing good agreement. This study thus demonstrates the capability of ERT using a linear probe to offer, besides qualitative tomographic images, reliable quantitative data regarding phase distribution in gas–liquid systems.
How bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) prepare to use a stone to crack nuts
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Morrow Kristen S. , Baldree Rhianna , Unholz Emily , Izar Patricia , Visalberghi Elisabetta , Haslam Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBearded capuchin monkeys crack nuts with naturally varying stone hammers, suggesting they may tune their grips and muscular forces to each stone. If so, they might use discrete actions on a stone before lifting and striking, and they would likely use these actions more frequently when the stone is larger and/or less familiar and/or when first initiating striking. We examined the behavior of (a) four monkeys (all proficient at cracking nuts) with two larger (1 kg) and two smaller (0.5 kg) stones, (b) 12 monkeys with one 1 kg stone, and (c) one monkey during its first 100 strikes with an initially unfamiliar 1 kg stone. Bearded capuchin monkeys used three discrete actions on the stone before striking, all more often with the larger stones than the smaller stones. We infer that the first discrete action (Spin) aided the monkey in determining where to grip the stone, the second (Flip) allowed it to position the stone on the anvil ergonomically before lifting it, and the third (Preparatory Lift) readied the monkey for the strenuous lifting action. The monkey that provided 100 strikes with one initially unfamiliar stone performed fewer Spins in later strikes but performed Flip and Preparatory Lift at consistent rates. The monkeys gripped the stone with both hands along the sides to lift it, but usually moved one or both hands to the top of the stone at the zenith of the lift for the downward strike. The findings highlight two new aspects of the capuchins’ nut‐cracking: (a) Anticipatory actions with the stone before striking, especially when the stone is larger or unfamiliar, and when initiating striking and (b) shifting grips on the stone during a strike. We invite researchers to investigate if other taxa use anticipatory actions and shift their grips during percussive activity.
Validating camera trap distance sampling for chimpanzees
Authors: Cappelle Noémie , Després‐Einspenner Marie‐Lyne , Howe Eric J. , Boesch Christophe , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe extension of distance sampling methods to accommodate observations from camera traps has recently enhanced the potential to remotely monitor multiple species without the need of additional data collection (sign production and decay rates) or individual identification. However, the method requires that the proportion of time is quantifiable when animals can be detected by the cameras. This can be problematic, for instance, when animals spend time above the ground, which is the case for most primates. In this study, we aimed to validate camera trap distance sampling (CTDS) for the semiarboreal western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus)in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire by estimating abundance of a population of known size and comparing estimates to those from other commonly applied methods. We estimated chimpanzee abundance using CTDS and accounted for limited availability for detection (semiarboreal). We evaluated bias and precision of estimates, as well as costs and efforts required to obtain them, and compared them to those from spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) and line transect nest surveys. Abundance estimates obtained by CTDS and SECR produced a similar negligible bias, but CTDS yielded a larger coefficient of variation (CV = 39.70% for CTDS vs. 1%/19% for SECR). Line transects generated the most biased abundance estimates but yielded a better coefficient of variation (27.40–27.85%) than CTDS. Camera trap surveys were twice more costly than line transects because of the initial cost of cameras, while line transects surveys required more than twice as much time in the field. This study demonstrates the potential to obtain unbiased estimates of the abundance of semiarboreal species like chimpanzees by CTDS.HIGHLIGHTSCamera trap distance sampling produced accurate density estimates for semiarboreal chimpanzees.Availability for detection must be accounted for and can be derived from the activity pattern.
Balancing contest competition, scramble competition, and social tolerance at feeding sites in wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: De la Fuente María Fernanda , Schiel Nicola , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César , Caselli Christini B. , Souto Antonio , Garber Paul A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractModels of primate sociality focus on the costs and benefits of group living and how factors such as rank, feeding competition, alliance formation, and cooperative behavior shape within‐group social relationships. We conducted a series of controlled field experiments designed to investigate how resource distribution (one or three of four reward platforms) and amount of food on a reward platform affected foraging strategies and individual feeding success in four groups of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) living in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. At our field site, common marmoset groups are characterized by a single breeding female who can produce twin litters twice per year, strong social cohesion, and cooperative infant care provided principally by several adult male helpers. We found that except for the dominant breeding female, rank (based on aggression) was not a strong predictor of feeding success. Although the breeding female in each group occupied the highest rank position and obtained the greatest daily feeding success, all other group members, including adults and juveniles experienced relatively equal feeding success across most experimental conditions. This was accomplished using a balance of behavioral strategies related to contest competition, scramble competition (associated with a finder's advantage), and social tolerance (sharing the same feeding platform). Based on these results, the social structure of common marmosets is best described as “single female dominance,” with the breeding female maximizing food intake needed to offset the energetic costs associated with reproductive twinning and the ability to produce two litters per year. Cooperative infant caregiving, in which the number of helpers is positively correlated with offspring survivorship, requires a set of behavioral strategies that serve to reduce contest competition and promote prosocial behaviors at feeding sites.
Palladium‐katalysierte intermolekulare Aryliodierung von internen Alkinen
Authors: Lee Yong Ho , Morandi Bill 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEine vollständig atomökonomische, Palladium‐katalysierte Additionsreaktion wurde entwickelt, um einen stereoselektiven Zugang zu funktionalisierten, vierfach substituierten Alkenyliodiden zu erhalten. Der Palladiumkatalysator weist einen elektronenarmen, zweizähnigen Liganden auf, der zwar selten in der Katalyse verwendet wird, aber essentiell ist, um diese chemoselektive, intermolekulare Reaktion eines Alkins mit einem Aryliodid in äquimolaren Mengen mit hoher Ausbeute ablaufen zu lassen. Diese neue Carbohalogenierungsreaktion ist eine attraktive Alternative zu bisherigen Synthesemethoden, welche auf mehrstufige Synthesesequenzen mit Schutzgruppenmanipulationen basieren.