bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation in a flexible linker modulates binding affinity for modular complexes
Authors: Stokes Philippa H. , Robertson Neil O. , Silva Ana P. G. , Estephan Tanya , Trewhella Jill , Guss J. Mitchell , Matthews Jacqueline M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTandem beta zippers are modular complexes formed between repeated linear motifs and tandemly arrayed domains of partner proteins in which β‐strands form upon binding. Studies of such complexes, formed by LIM domain proteins and linear motifs in their intrinsically disordered partners, revealed spacer regions between the linear motifs that are relatively flexible but may affect the overall orientation of the binding modules. We demonstrate that mutation of a solvent exposed side chain in the spacer region of an LHX4–ISL2 complex has no significant effect on the structure of the complex, but decreases binding affinity, apparently by increasing flexibility of the linker.
FOSSES: Framework for open‐source software evaluation and selection
Authors: Adewumi Adewole , Misra Sanjay , Omoregbe Nicholas , Sanz Luis Fernandez 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA plethora of approaches exists for the evaluation and selection of open‐source software (OSS) in the literature. However, these approaches are hardly ever used in practice for the following reasons: first, the lack of a situational‐based procedure to define the evaluation criteria for OSS given its varied and dynamic nature; second, the inability of existing evaluation techniques, such as the analytic hierarchy process, to cope well with uncertainty factors, thus producing misleading results that affect the quality of decisions made; and third, a significant number of existing approaches require the prototyping of alternatives being considered in order to facilitate evaluation and decision‐making. This study addresses the aforementioned challenges by evolving a process framework for evaluating and selecting OSS. The proposed framework is validated by applying it to a case study. In addition, expert opinion was elicited via questionnaires from 10 experts, and overall feedback suggests that 80% of them are willing to adopt the approach.
Epistemological framing and novice elementary teachers' approaches to learning and teaching engineering design
Authors: Wendell Kristen B. , Swenson Jessica E. S. , Dalvi Tejaswini S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs engineering learning experiences increasingly begin in elementary school, elementary teacher preparation programs are an important site for the study of teacher development in engineering education. In this article, we argue that the stances that novice teachers adopt toward engineering learning and knowledge are consequential for the opportunities they create for students. We present a comparative case study examining the epistemological framing dynamics of two novice urban teachers, Ana and Ben, as they learned and taught engineering design during a four‐week institute for new elementary teachers. Although the two teachers had very similar teacher preparation backgrounds, they interpreted the purposes of engineering design learning and teaching in meaningfully different ways. During her own engineering sessions, Ana took up the goal not only of meeting the needs of the client but also of making scientific sense of artifacts that might meet those needs. When facilitating students' engineering, she prioritized their building knowledge collaboratively about how things work. By contrast, when Ben worked on his own engineering, he took up the goal of delivering a product. When teaching engineering to students, he offered them constrained prototyping tasks to serve as hands‐on contexts for reviewing scientific explanations. These findings call for teacher educators to support teachers' framing of engineering design as a knowledge building enterprise through explicit conversations about epistemology, apprenticeship in sense‐making strategies, and tasks intentionally designed to encourage reasoning about design artifacts.
Managing a large citizen science project to monitor wildlife
Authors: Locke Christina M. , Anhalt‐Depies Christine M. , Frett Susan , Stenglein Jennifer L. , Cameron Sarah , Malleshappa Vivek , Peltier Taylor , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Townsend Philip A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe provide program managers insight into considerations for launching and running a large‐scale, long‐term citizen science project, using the Snapshot Wisconsin trail‐camera project as a case study. Many citizen science projects are undertaken with a “learn as you go” approach, so there is room to better prepare program managers from the outset. We provide a comprehensive list of components making up citizen science projects, and discuss capacity needs for each component. We then quantify staff time needed throughout the project, based on our own experiences managing a long‐term citizen science project with >1,000 participants. We show that total staff time and staff time devoted to certain project components vary markedly among 3 project phases: planning, growth, and maintenance. We recommend planning for 5.5 staff positions to maintain a long‐term project serving a few hundred volunteers or more. The illustrated concepts can be applied by any person or group developing a volunteer‐based project to prepare for logistic and funding needs across a project's lifespan. Program managers must remember that people form the backbone of any citizen science project, and the success or failure of such projects depend in large part on the user experience of volunteers. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Disomic chromosome addition from Thinopyrum intermedium to bread wheat appears to confer stripe rust resistance
Authors: Nie Linman , Yang Yuening , Zhang Jun , Fu Tihua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA wheat line 14-569 developed from a hybrid of common wheat cv. Chuannong 10 with the wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid TAI7045 exhibits stable double spikelets per node character in the lower middle portion of a spike, is highly resistant to stripe rust, and produces kernels with a higher 1000-kernel weight than those of its wheat parent. Chromosome counting and an analysis of meiosis demonstrated that line 14-569 is a disomic addition line with 2n = 44, 22II. Sequential genomic in situ hybridization and non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses indicated that one pair of St-genomic chromosomes from Th. intermedium was added to the wheat complement and that the wheat complement included one pair of 1RS/1BL wheat–rye translocation chromosomes. PCR-based landmark unique gene molecular marker analysis revealed that the added pair of chromosomes comprised 3St chromosomes, which suggested that the added 3St chromosomes from Th. intermedium might carry the genes to control the high yield-related characters and stripe rust resistance. This addition line will potentially be useful resource for improvements in wheat yields and stripe rust resistance.
Multiscale integration: beyond internalism and externalism
Authors: Ramstead Maxwell J. D. , Kirchhoff Michael D. , Constant Axel , Friston Karl J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present a multiscale integrationist interpretation of the boundaries of cognitive systems, using the Markov blanket formalism of the variational free energy principle. This interpretation is intended as a corrective for the philosophical debate over internalist and externalist interpretations of cognitive boundaries; we stake out a compromise position. We first survey key principles of new radical (extended, enactive, embodied) views of cognition. We then describe an internalist interpretation premised on the Markov blanket formalism. Having reviewed these accounts, we develop our positive multiscale account. We argue that the statistical seclusion of internal from external states of the system—entailed by the existence of a Markov boundary—can coexist happily with the multiscale integration of the system through its dynamics. Our approach does not privilege any given boundary (whether it be that of the brain, body, or world), nor does it argue that all boundaries are equally prescient. We argue that the relevant boundaries of cognition depend on the level being characterised and the explanatory interests that guide investigation. We approach the issue of how and where to draw the boundaries of cognitive systems through a multiscale ontology of cognitive systems, which offers a multidisciplinary research heuristic for cognitive science.
Effect of permanent plots on the relative efficiency of spatially balanced sampling in a national forest inventory
Authors: Räty Minna , Kangas Annika Susanna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKey messageUsing spatially balanced sampling utilizing auxiliary information in the design phase can enhance the design efficiency of national forest inventory. These gains decreased with increasing proportion of permanent plots in the sample. Using semi-permanent plots, changing everynth inventory round, instead of permanent plots, reduced this phenomenon. Further studies for accounting the permanent sample when selecting temporary sample are needed.ContextNational forest inventories (NFIs) produce national- and regional-level statistics for sustainability assessment and decision-making. Using an interpreted satellite image as auxiliary information in the design phase improved the relative efficiency (RE). Spatially balanced sampling through local pivotal method (LPM) used for selection of clusters of sample plots is designed for temporary sample; thus, the method was tested in a NFI design with both permanent and temporary clusters.AimsWe estimated LPM method and stratified sampling for a NFI designed for successive occasions, where the clusters are permanent, semi-permanent, or temporary being replaced: never, everynth, and every inventory round, respectively.MethodsREs of sampling designs against systematic sampling were studied with simulations of inventory sampling.ResultsThe larger the proportion of permanent clusters the smaller benefits gained with LPM. REs of stratified sampling were not depending on the proportion of permanent clusters. The semi-permanent sampling with LPM removed the previously described decrease and resulted in the largest REs.ConclusionSampling strategies with semi-permanent clusters were the most efficient, yet not necessarily optimal for all inventory variables. Further development of method to simultaneously take into account the distribution of permanent sample when selecting temporary or semi-temporary sample is desired since it could increase the design efficiency.
SnS2@C Hollow Nanospheres with Robust Structural Stability as High-Performance Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shuaihui , Zhao Zhipeng , Li Chuanqi , Liu Zhongyi , Li Dan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Constructing unique and highly stable structures with plenty of electroactive sites in sodium storage materials is a key factor for achieving improved electrochemical properties through favorable sodium ion diffusion kinetics. An SnS2@carbon hollow nanospheres (SnS2@C) has been designed and fabricated via a facile solvothermal route, followed by an annealing treatment. The SnS2@C hybrid possesses an ideal hollow structure, rich active sites, a large electrode/electrolyte interface, a shortened ion transport pathway, and, importantly, a buffer space for volume change, generated from the repeated insertion/extraction of sodium ions. These merits lead to the significant reinforcement of structural integrity during electrochemical reactions and the improvement in sodium storage properties, with a high specific reversible capacity of 626.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and superior high-rate performance (304.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1).
Can Cattle Basis Forecasts Be Improved? A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach
Authors: Payne Nicholas D. , Karali Berna , Dorfman Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBasis forecasting is important for producers and consumers of agricultural commodities in their risk management decisions. However, the best performing forecasting model found in previous studies varies substantially. Given this inconsistency, we take a Bayesian approach, which addresses model uncertainty by combining forecasts from different models. Results show model performance differs by location and forecast horizon, but the forecast from the Bayesian approach often performs favorably. In some cases, however, the simple moving averages have lower forecast errors. Besides the nearby basis, we also examine basis in a specific month and find that regression-based models outperform others in longer horizons.
The bougie and first-pass success in the emergency department: Journal Club review
Authors: Stewart Emily W. , Spearing Kerry P. , Abu-Laban Riyad B. 
Published: February 2019

Clinical question: Is bougie use associated with increased first-pass success in emergency department (ED) intubations?Article chosen: Driver et al. The Bougie and First-Pass Success in the Emergency Department. Annals of Emerg Med 2017;70(4):473–478.Objective: To compare data and assess whether bougie use is independently associated with first-pass success in ED intubations.
Implementation strategies to reduce surgical site infections: A systematic review
Authors: Ariyo Promise , Zayed Bassem , Riese Victoria , Anton Blair , Latif Asad , Kilpatrick Claire , Allegranzi Benedetta , Berenholtz Sean 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground:Surgical site infections (SSIs) portend high patient morbidity and mortality. Although evidence-based clinical interventions can reduce SSIs, they are not reliably delivered in practice, and data are limited on the best approach to improve adherence.Objective:To summarize implementation strategies aimed at improving adherence to evidence-based interventions that reduce SSIs.Design:Systematic reviewMethods:We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the WHO Regional databases, AFROLIB, and Africa-Wide for studies published between January 1990 and December 2015. The Effective Practice and Organization Care (EPOC) criteria were used to identify an acceptable-quality study design. We used structured forms to extract data on implementation strategies and grouped them into an implementation model called the “Four Es” framework (ie, engage, educate, execute, and evaluate).Results:In total, 125 studies met our inclusion criteria, but only 8 studies met the EPOC criteria, which limited our ability to identify best practices. Most studies used multifaceted strategies to improve adherence with evidence-based interventions. Engagement strategies included multidisciplinary work and strong leadership involvement. Education strategies included various approaches to introduce evidence-based practices to clinicians and patients. Execution strategies standardized the interventions into simple tasks to facilitate uptake. Evaluation strategies assessed adherence with evidence-based interventions and patient outcomes, providing feedback of performance to providers.Conclusions:Multifaceted implementation strategies represent the most common approach to facilitating the adoption of evidence-based practices. We believe that this summary of implementation strategies complements existing clinical guidelines and may accelerate efforts to reduce SSIs.
Latrophilin mediates insecticides susceptibility and fecundity through two carboxylesterases, esterase4 and esterase6, in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Wei L. , Gao S. , Xiong W. , Liu J. , Mao J. , Lu Y. , Song X. , Li B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLatrophilin (LPH) is known as an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor which involved in multiple physiological processes in organisms. Previous studies showed that lph not only involved the susceptibility to anticholinesterase insecticides but also affected fecundity in Tribolium castaneum. However, its regulatory mechanisms in these biological processes are still not clear. Here, we identified two potential downstream carboxylesterase (cce) genes of Tclph, esterase4 and esterase6, and further characterized their interactions with Tclph. After treatment of T. castaneum larvae with carbofuran or dichlorvos insecticides, the transcript levels of Tcest4 and Tcest6 were significantly induced from 12 to 72 h. RNAi against Tcest4 or Tcest6 led to the higher mortality compared with the controls after the insecticides treatment, suggesting that these two genes play a vital role in detoxification of insecticides in T. castaneum. Furthermore, with insecticides exposure to Tclph knockdown beetles, the expression of Tcest4 was upregulated but Tcest6 was downregulated, indicating that beetles existed a compensatory response against the insecticides. Additionally, RNAi of Tcest6 resulted in 43% reductions in female egg laying and completely inhibited egg hatching, which showed the similar phenotype as that of Tclph knockdown. These results indicated that Tclph affected fecundity by positively regulating Tcest6 expression. Our findings will provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Tclph involved in physiological functions in T. castaneum.
ION OF CHIOS: THE CASE OF A FOREIGN POET IN CLASSICAL SPARTA
Authors: Stewart Edmund 
Published: February 2019

χαιρέτω ἡμέτερος βασιλεὺς σωτήρ τε πατήρ τε·ἡμῖν δὲ κρητῆρ’ οἰνοχόοι θέραπεςκιρνάντων προχύταισιν ἐν ἀργυρέοις· †ὁ δὲ χρυσὸςοἶνον ἔχων χειρῶν νιζέτω εἰς ἔδαφος.†σπένδοντες δ’ ἁγνῶς Ἡρακλεῖ τ’ Ἀλκμήνηι τε,Προκλεῖ Περσείδαις τ’ ἐκ Διὸς ἀρχόμενοιπίνωμεν, παίζωμεν· ἴτω διὰ νυκτὸς ἀοιδή,ὀρχείσθω τις· ἑκὼν δ’ ἄρχε φιλοφροσύνης.ὅντινα δ’ εὐειδὴς μίμνει θήλεια πάρευνος,κεῖνος τῶν ἄλλων κυδρότερον πίεται.May our king rejoice, our saviour and father; let the attendant cup-bearers mix for us a crater from silver urns; †Let the golden one with wine in his hands wash to the base† Pouring libations piously to Heracles and Alcmene, Procles and the sons of Perseus and Zeus first of all, let us drink, let us play, let our song rise through the night. Dance someone, willingly begin the festivities. And anyone who has a fair girl waiting to share his bed will drink more like a man than all the others.(Ion, fr. 27 West = fr. 90 Leurini)
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING HYDROCARBON ACTIVITIES IN UNDELIMITED MARITIME AREAS
Authors: Ioannides Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOwing to soaring energy needs and improved drilling technology, offshore hydrocarbon activities have been on the rise in recent years. A delimited maritime boundary is an essential precondition for the establishment of a safe and stable environment which will facilitate investment and development. Nevertheless, the conclusion of delimitation agreements can be a difficult task due to competing interests and long-standing enmities among neighbouring countries. Significant maritime areas remain undelimited. In order to avoid the problems of both unilateral activities and a complete ‘moratorium’ in undelimited areas, Articles 74(3) and 83(3) of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea impose two obligations of conduct: pending delimitation agreement, States are under duty to ‘make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature’, while, at the same time, the interested parties should refrain from acts that might ‘jeopardize or hamper the reaching of the final agreement’. Bearing this in mind, it is argued that unilateral drilling and, under certain circumstances, unilateral seismic surveys in undelimited maritime areas should not be allowed and such conduct might trigger State responsibility. However, given that complete inactivity in such areas was not the intention of the drafters of the Convention, it is argued that several activities may be permitted as long as they are performed in good faith and do not put any final agreement at risk.
Molecular identification of hookworm isolates from stray dogs, humans and selected wildlife from South Africa
Authors: Ngcamphalala P. I. , Lamb J. , Mukaratirwa S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
There is a paucity of information on hookworm species in humans, domestic animals and wildlife in southern Africa. Our study aimed to identify hookworm species from stray dogs, humans, and selected wildlife from South Africa. A total of 356 faecal samples were screened for the presence of hookworm-like eggs and subsequently coproculture from the positive samples was carried out to obtain larvae. Hookworm-like eggs were detected in 23.03% (82/356) of samples. Of these samples, 78/296 were from dogs, 3/50 from humans and 1/10 from wildlife. DNA was then isolated from the larvae of 55 positive samples, which were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and 5.8S rRNA region. Presence of Ancylostoma caninum, A. braziliense and A. ceylanicum-like species was recorded in stray dogs and A. caninum was recorded in wildlife and humans, using PCR-RFLP. Although PCR-RFLP results pointed to the presence of A. ceylanicum, we did not get a sequence that matched with A. ceylanicum from GenBank. This may have been due to the low proportion of A. ceylanicum larvae in our samples. Twenty-two of the 27 positive amplicons from stray dogs matched with A. caninum, three with A. braziliense and two had mixed infections of A. braziliense and A. caninum. Sequences from a lion and three humans matched with A. caninum. This is the first confirmation of a patent A. caninum infection in humans as evidenced by the presence of eggs in faeces, with the subsequent larvae from coproculture being identified as A. caninum.
The role of frozen section biopsy for parotid gland tumour with benign fine-needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Suzuki M , Nakaegawa Y , Kobayashi T , Kawase T , Matsuzuka T , Murono S 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study focused on parotid gland tumours diagnosed as benign by fine-needle aspiration cytology and investigated the necessity of frozen section biopsy.MethodsThere were 104 cases of parotid gland tumour where fine-needle aspiration cytology was benign and frozen section biopsy was subsequently performed, between April 2006 and June 2016. In this retrospective study, the results of frozen section biopsy were analysed and compared with the final histological diagnosis.ResultsAmong the 104 cases diagnosed as benign by fine-needle aspiration cytology, 102 cases and 2 cases were diagnosed as benign and malignant, respectively, by frozen section biopsy. The final histological diagnoses showed that 98 cases were benign and 6 cases were malignant. The sensitivity and specificity values of frozen section biopsy in detecting malignant tumours were 33 per cent and 100 per cent, respectively.ConclusionThe necessity of frozen section biopsy in cases with benign fine-needle aspiration cytology may be low in parotid gland surgery.
The epistemic benefits of religious disagreement
Authors: DORMANDY KATHERINE 
Published: February 2019

AbstractScientific researchers welcome disagreement as a way of furthering epistemic aims. Religious communities, by contrast, tend to regard it as a potential threat to their beliefs. But I argue that religious disagreement can help achieve religious epistemic aims. I do not argue this by comparing science and religion, however. For scientific hypotheses are ideally held with a scholarly neutrality, and my aim is to persuade those who arecommittedto religious beliefs that religious disagreement can be epistemically beneficial for them too.