bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compared with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, image‐guided radiotherapy reduces severity of acute radiation‐induced skin toxicity during radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Lin Jang‐Chun , Tsai Jo‐Ting , Chou Yu‐Ching , Li Ming‐Hsien , Liu Wei‐Hsiu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment for breast cancer. The side effects of breast irradiation, including skin toxicity in the irradiation field, cause considerable discomfort. This study compared the severity of skin toxicity caused by image‐guided RT (IGRT) and intensity‐modulated RT (IMRT) combined with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in breast cancer. This study retrospectively analyzed 458 patients with breast cancer who had received RT. The patients were divided into two groups: 302 and 156 patients in the IMRT and IGRT groups. In the IGRT group, 8 and 148 patients had received helical tomotherapy irradiation and IMRT with cone‐beam computed tomography. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between RT technique and the severity of radiation skin toxicity. In our study, 284, 97, and 6 patients exhibited grades I, II, and III radiation dermatitis (RD). Moreover, 75 patients in the IMRT group (24.80%) and 22 patients in the IGRT group (14.10%) exhibited grade II RD. All patients with grade III RD were in the IMRT group (2.00%). No patient exhibited grade IV RD. The patients in the IGRT group exhibited less severity of RD than in the IMRT group. The severity of acute RD due to IGRT is significantly lower than that due to IMRT with EPID.
Texture of steamed rice cake prepared via soy residue and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose supplementation
Authors: Jang Sohee , Shin Woo‐Kyoung , Kim Yookyung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesOkara and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were added to jeungpyun, a steamed rice cake, as fermentation enhancers. Three types of jeungpyun were prepared: containing only rice (C), with okara added (O), and okara treated with HPMC (OH).FindingsDuring fermentation, the OH batter had the highest volume, followed by O and C; particularly OH maintained its volume without batter collapse after 2 hrs. The viscosity (C: 446, O: 575, OH: 991 cP) and water‐holding capacity (C: 2.9, O: 8.7, OH: 17.2%) of batter also showed the same tendency with volume. After steaming, the volume of OH jeungpyun was the highest (1.7 cm3/g), followed by O (1.5 cm3/g) and C (1.4 cm3/g). The sensory panel scores of the okara treated samples were 1.8 (OH)–2.4 (O) fold lower in hardness than C. Addition of okara decreased the hardness and the rate of hardening of jeungpyun during storage, particularly in OH.ConclusionsOkara improved the fermentation of batter, and improved the hardness and volume of jeungpyun. HPMC stabilized the batter and maintained the volume.Significance and noveltyThis study suggests the application of okara as a fermentation source and its impact on quality effect.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia occurring in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient
Authors: Beaud Jenny , Modot Thomas , Delhommeau François , Suner Ludovic 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageOccurrence of two different hematological malignancies is very infrequent, and it is nevertheless important not to neglect basic examinations in patients follow‐up. A 65‐year‐old patient was referred to our institution for his chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) checkup; we report the different steps leading to the diagnosis of a second hematological malignancy.
DFT Study on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction for Different Facets of Co2P
Authors: Liang Zhun , Zhong Xiaoliang , Li Tianqi , Chen Ming , Feng Guang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCo2P is one of the most promising non‐noble metal catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during water splitting, owing to its many advantages, such as earth‐abundance, high activity and good stability. The as‐synthesized Co2P is multi‐faceted while its facet‐dependent HER activity is still little known. To explore the facet‐dependent HER activity of Co2P, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are conducted for five different facets of Co2P: (001), (010), (101), (112) and (113) in this work. By comparing the surface energy and Gibbs free energy of H* (ΔGH*) of these five facets, Co2P (113) is found to possess both good surface stability and high HER activity, which could be the guidance for catalyst design and synthesis. Multiple linear regression has been adopted to quantitatively scrutinize the relationship between H−Co bond length distribution and ΔGH*, and the mean absolute error of the multiple linear regression is as small as 0.0756 eV. This analysis shows that statistical methods are effective to explore the effect of structure on the HER activity, which could be helpful in understanding the underlying HER mechanism.
Mapping Surface Charge of Individual Microdomains with Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Zhou Lushan , Choi Myunghoon , Baker Lane A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe further describe a protocol for the investigation of surface charge with scanning ion conductance microscopy. The protocol measures current‐voltage curves at positions close to and far from the surface of interest and reports the differential response. The data can be interpreted in terms of rectification ratios, an intuitive quantity for such studies. With this protocol, we further investigate the effect of electrolyte concentration and study the influence of scan potential on surface charge measurement on chemically modified surfaces.
Pd‐Catalyzed C—S Cyclization via C—H Functionalization Strategy: Access to Sulfur‐containing Benzoheterocyclics
Authors: Chen Shihao , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA C—H sulfurated cyclization protocol starting from thioacetates is developed for straightforward construction of sulfur‐containing benzoheterocyclics. The diversiform functional dihydrobenzothiophenes and thiochromans were comprehensively achieved through the Pd‐catalyzed carbon‐ sulfur cyclization. Mechanistic studies indicated that C—H bond cleavage was involved in the rate‐determining step. [1]Benzothieno‐[3,2‐b]‐ [1]benzothiophene (BTBT) and benzo[b]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene (BTT) were efficiently established as the well‐known organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) material molecules through this methodology.
Hierarchical modeling of melanocortin 1 receptor variants with skin cancer risk
Authors: Joshi Amit D. , Li Xin , Kraft Peter , Han Jiali 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe human MC1R gene is highly polymorphic among lightly pigmented populations, and several variants in the MC1R gene have been associated with increased risk of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. The functional consequences of MC1R gene variants have been studied in vitro and in vivo in postulated causal pathways, such as G‐protein‐coupled signaling transduction, pigmentation, immune response, inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix adhesion. In a case‐control study nested within the Nurses’ Health Study, we utilized hierarchical modeling approaches, incorporating quantitative information from these functional studies, to examine the association between particular MC1R alleles and the risk of skin cancers. Different prior matrices were constructed according to the phenotypic associations in controls, cell surface expression, and enzymatic kinetics. Our results showed the parameter variance estimates of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were smaller when using a hierarchical modeling approach compared to standard multivariable regression. Estimates of second‐level parameters gave information about the relative importance of MC1R effects on different pathways, and odds ratio estimates changed depending on prior models (e.g., the change ranged from −21% to 7% for melanoma risk assessment). In addition, the estimates of prior model hyperparameters in the hierarchical modeling approach allow us to determine the relevance of individual pathways on the risk of each of the skin cancer types. In conclusion, hierarchical modeling provides a useful analytic approach in addition to the widely used conventional models in genetic association studies that can incorporate measures of allelic function.
High background in ELISpot assays is associated with elevated levels of immune activation in HIV‐1‐seronegative individuals in Nairobi
Authors: Liu Amy Y. , De Rosa Stephen C. , Guthrie Brandon L. , Choi Robert Y. , Kerubo‐Bosire Rose , Richardson Barbra A. , Kiarie James , Farquhar Carey , Lohman‐Payne Barbara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionSpontaneous interferon‐γ (IFNγ) released detected by enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays may be a biological phenomenon. Markers of immune activation levels were assessed as correlates of high background among individuals in Kenya.MethodsCouples concordantly seronegative for HIV‐1 were enrolled. IFN‐γ ELISpot assays were conducted and negative control wells were categorized as having either high or low background (≥50 and <50 SFU/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC], respectively). PBMC were stained for CD4, CD8, and immune activation markers (CD38 and HLA‐DR) and analyzed using flow cytometry. Proportions of activated T‐cells were compared between those with low and high background by Mann–Whitney U test. Correlates of background SFU and immune activation were assessed using regression models.ResultsAmong 58 individuals, 14 (24%) had high background. Frequencies of CD4+CD38+HLA‐DR+ and CD8+CD38+HLA‐DR+ cells were higher in individuals with high background compared to those with low background (P = 0.02). Higher background SFU was associated with history of sexually transmitted infections (P = 0.03), and illness in the past 3 months (P = 0.005), in addition to increased levels of activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells (P range = 0.008–0.03). Female gender and male circumcision decreased levels of CD4+ and CD8+ immune activation (P range = 0.002–0.03). Additionally, higher background SFU and activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells were individually associated with positive ELISpot responses to HIV‐1 peptide pools (P range = 0.01–0.03).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that increased basal immune responses may be a biological mechanism contributing to higher background ELISpot SFU. Systematic exclusion of data from individuals with increased background in IFN‐γ release assays may bias results in population‐based studies.
Contesting the “territorial aggression thesis” in environmental psychology, ca. 1965–1980
Authors: Sailo Annukka 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the latter part of the 1960s, the ethologically derived idea of territoriality as an explanation for human aggression became widely debated among social scientists. The instinctual basis of human territorial aggression was promoted by so‐called popular ethologists and consequently embraced by lay audiences. The article examines how the emerging field of environmental psychology adopted the notion of human territoriality from ethology and made it into a part of their own research agenda. It shows how environmental psychologists were inspired by the fashion around the claimed relevance of human territoriality for the large‐scale social problems, such as aggression, war and population growth. Despite of the obvious influences and comparisons between animal and human behavior, many environmental psychologists wanted to contest not only the ‘territorial aggression thesis’ but also the relevance of animal studies for the analysis of human behavior.
Variable Structure of Cultural Capital and Implications for Multicultural Counseling
Authors: Brawner Robtrice D. 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the latent variable structure of a measure of cultural capital in the community college field. The community college was used based on its emergence as both a gateway and a gatekeeper to higher education, and as a power structure that can afford both social and economic opportunities through degree attainment for underrepresented groups. Therefore, implications for counselors in various settings were highlighted, along with implications for future research.El propósito de este estudio fue identificar la estructura de la variable latente de una medida de capital cultural en el campo de los colegios comunitarios. Se usó el colegio comunitario por su surgimiento como ambos filtro y puerta de entrada a la educación superior, así como una estructura de poder que puede ofrecer oportunidades sociales y económicas a grupos infrarrepresentados a través de la obtención de grados. Por lo tanto, se destacaron las implicaciones para consejeros en entornos variados, junto con las implicaciones para investigaciones futuras.
A field experiment demonstrating risk on the seafloor for planktonic embryos
Authors: Zacher Leah Sloan , Strathmann Richard R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMost solitary marine eggs are shed into the plankton. Presumably the seafloor is more dangerous than the plankton for small solitary embryos, but estimates of benthic mortality of solitary embryos are few. To assess risk, we introduced suspensions of sinking, early stage embryos into conical chambers whose basal surfaces differed in mesh size and distance of mesh from the sediment surface. Surviving embryos hatched as blastulae and swam upward into an apical collection tube, later removed for counting. Test embryos were of a clypeasteroid echinoid. The two test sites, within a coastal lagoon in the NE Pacific, differed in sediments. At both sites, mean proportion of embryos retrieved was 0 and near 0 in chambers floored with 0.9 mm and 0.08 mm meshes at the sediment surface, but greater in chambers floored with a 0.08 mm mesh about 6 cm above the sediment (0.40 and 0.42) and also with a different chamber design with finer (0.055 mm) mesh at the sediment (0.42). Mean proportion retrieved was still greater (0.68 and 0.67) with chambers floored with a complete barrier at the sediment surface and similar to retrieval with chambers in laboratory aquaria without sediment. Estimated mortality rates for embryos on the sediment exceeded published estimates from the plankton. The results support the hypothesis that solitary eggs are released to the plankton because of benthic risks. This method can be used at varied sites on the seafloor, with varied embryos, and with varied protective barriers to test the generality of these results.
Rapid fines assessment: A quantitative volumetric method to assess fines content in marine soft sediments
Authors: Silburn Briony , Parker Ruth , Mason Claire , Parker Reg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMethods for sediment classification commonly use particle size analysis (PSA) by weight to describe sediment size fractions and other physical sediment properties. For many applications, the sediment parameter controlling the physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the seabed is determined by the volume of aggregated fine particles. For example, the apparent weight of the fines fraction in multiple sediment samples across an area can be similar, but there can be large variations in the volume this fine fraction occupies. The volumetric percentage of fines can affect sediment porosity, tortuosity, and permeability and hence biogeochemistry, e.g., the oxygen penetration depth or diffusion rates. Development and testing of the rapid fines assessment (RFA) has shown that this simple method of measuring the ratio of fines to sand volume layers within a settled sediment sample can give high accuracy estimates of percentage fines by volume. Data presented here demonstrate that a volumetric approach can better describe variations and discriminate between sample differences at low percentage fines by weight. This is key to defining the boundary between sediments dominated by diffusion and those which have pore‐water advection in the upper layers. The increased resolution which the method provides is useful in tracking site changes caused by human impacts and over various spatial or temporal scales. It is a rapid, inexpensive, and simple technique to implement in the laboratory, and one which can be used in the field to aid or guide sampling site selection.
Measuring the in situ tilt orientation of fish and zooplankton using stereo photogrammetric methods
Authors: Levine Mike , Williams Kresimir , Ressler Patrick H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcoustic‐derived estimates of fish and zooplankton numerical and biomass density rely on knowledge of the sound scattered by an individual, known as target strength (TS). An important, but difficult to measure, factor in determining TS is the tilt orientation of animals in relation to the insonifying acoustic wave. Underwater stereo‐camera systems can provide in situ tilt measurements for fish and zooplankton. We describe a protocol to remove the effects of camera pitch and roll from tilt measurements using a low‐cost orientation sensor and a mathematical correction. A tank experiment indicated that tilt estimates made with corrected pitch and roll position data improved measurement accuracy as compared to those made with uncorrected position data. This experiment also provided empirical limits on the range of yaw values that allowed for accurate estimation of target tilt and length. We further tested this protocol using an in situ collection of krill stereo images collected in the Gulf of Alaska. Krill tilts calculated with pitch‐ and roll‐corrected position data were an average of 10° different than those collected with uncorrected position data. Our pitch‐ and roll‐correction improved the accuracy of stereo photogrammetric tilt estimation. Extending this method to appropriate spatial and temporal scales could allow for more accurate parametrization of TS models.
Sentinel lymphadenectomy in cervical cancer using near infrared fluorescence from indocyanine green combined with technetium‐99m‐nanocolloid
Authors: Soergel Philipp , Kirschke Johanna , Klapdor Rüdiger , Derlin Thorsten , Hillemanns Peter , Hertel Hermann 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveSentinel diagnostic in cervical cancer is performed using Technetium‐99m‐nanocolloid as a radioactive marker with or without patent blue. In the last years, indocyanine green has been evaluated for sentinel diagnostic in different tumor entities. Indocyanine green is a fluorescent molecule which emits a light signal in the near infrared band after excitation. Our study aims to evaluate indocyanine green compared to the gold standard Tc‐99m‐nanocolloid.Materials and MethodsWe included patients with early cervical cancer up to FIGO stage IIA with clinically node‐negative pelvic sites and the indication for nodal staging in this prospective trial. Sentinel diagnostic was carried out using Tc‐99m‐nanocolloid, indocyanine green and patent blue. We examined each pelvic site for light signals from the near infrared band, for radioactivity and for blue staining. A sentinel lymph node was defined as a Tc‐99m‐nanocolloid positive lymph node. All sentinel lymph nodes and all additional blue or fluorescent lymph nodes were excised and tested; then sent to histologic examination.ResultsThirty‐three patients were included in which we found 211 Tc‐99m‐nanocolloid‐positive sentinel lymph nodes in 66 pelvic sites. Two hundred and seven of these lymph nodes were positive for indocyanine green, too, giving a sensitivity of 98.1% (95%CI 94.9–99.4%) compared to Tc‐99m‐nanocolloid. One hundred and sixty additional lymph nodes showed indocyanine green fluorescence but no Tc‐99m‐positivity, so that the sensitivity was 79.6% (95%CI 76.6–82.3%). In one patient, a pelvic site was only identified to be tumor infiltrated due to an ICG‐positive, but Tc‐99m‐negative lymph node.ConclusionOur results show that indocyanine green is a promising approach for pelvic sentinel identification in cervical cancer. ICG has a similar sensitivity as radioactive Tc‐99m‐nanocolloid and may enhance both patient safety and surgeons’ comfort. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:994–1001, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mcr colistin resistance gene: a systematic review of current diagnostics and detection methods
Authors: Osei Sekyere John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResistance to colistin, mediated by chromosomal mutations and more recently, by plasmid‐borne mcr genes, is increasingly being reported in bacterial isolates taken from humans, animals, farms, foods, and the environment. To easily identify and contain this quickly spreading menace, efficient diagnostics that are cheaper, faster, simpler, sensitive, and specific have become indispensable and urgently necessary. A thorough and systematic review of the literature available at Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science was thus undertaken to identify articles describing novel and efficient colistin resistance‐ and mcr gene‐detecting methods. From the final 23 studies included in this review, both phenotypic and molecular tests were found. The phenotypic tests consisted of novel culture media viz., SuperPolymyxin™, CHROMagar COL‐APSE and LBJMR media, commercial automated MIC‐determining instruments such as MICRONAUT‐S, Vitek 2, BD Phoenix, Sensititre and MicroScan, and novel assays such as Colistin MAC test, Colispot, rapid polymxin NP test (RPNP), alteration of Zeta potential, modified RPNP test, MICRONAUT‐MIC Strip, MIC Test Strip, UMIC System, and Sensitest™ Colistin. Molecular diagnostics consisted of the CT103XL microarray, eazyplex® SuperBug kit, and Taqman®/SYBR Green® real‐time PCR assays, with 100% sensitivity and specificity plus a shorter turnaround time (<3 hr). Based on the sensitivity, specificity, cost, required skill and turnaround time, the RPNP test and/or novel culture media is recommended for under‐resourced laboratories while the Multiplex PCR or Taqman®/SYBR Green® real‐time PCR assay alongside the RPNP or novel culture media is suggested for well‐resourced ones.
Transformation and Stability of N‐Nitrodiethanolamine Dinitrate Nitration Liquid System under Thermal and Mechanical Stimulation
Authors: Zhou Jing , Ding Li , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhu Yanlong , Wang Bozhou , Zhang Junlin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo obtain a deeper understanding of the process involved in the synthesis of N‐nitrodiethanolamine dinitrate (DINA), in this work we carried out systematic studies on the transformation and stability of the N‐nitration liquid and DINA. The thermal decomposition processes and dynamic characteristics for both the N‐nitration liquid and DINA were carried out by thermal analysis methods and the mechanism for the decrease of stability of the N‐nitration liquid was proposed according to experimental results. Mechanical stimulation of the N‐nitration liquid and DINA were also studied by friction and impact sensitivity testing. The experimental results showed that the N‐nitration liquid is highly sensitive to temperature and can decompose easily when the reaction temperature increases. However, mechanical sensitivity of the N‐nitration was demonstrated to be much lower than that of DINA. Therefore, precise thermal control is the key factor to ensure safety during the preparation of DINA.
The relationships between environmental sensitivity, ecological worldview, personal norms and pro‐environmental behaviors in Chinese children: Testing the value–belief–norm model with environmental sensitivity as an emotional basis
Authors: Wu Lingqiong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study addresses the relationships that ecological worldview, environmental sensitivity, and personal norms have with pro‐environmental behaviors in a particular child population in urban China. The survey questionnaires were distributed to 410 Grade 6 students from eight Green Schools in Shenzhen, China. The sample included 223 (54.3%) boys and 187 (45.6%) girls with ages ranging from 10 to 13 years. The results from structural equation modelling reveal that environmental sensitivity and personal norms were two critical factors in determining students’ pro‐environmental behaviors. The influence of ecological worldview was fully mediated by personal norms, whereas the effect of environmental sensitivity was partially mediated by both personal norms and ecological worldview.