bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability of Multiyear Trends of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in an MPI‐ESM Hindcast Ensemble
Authors: Wiegand K. N. , Brune S. , Baehr J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile hindcast skill for the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has so far been limited to a few years, we present hindcast skill for PDO trends up to 10 years ahead. Our analysis is based on an initialized hindcast ensemble with the global Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM). As in previous studies, we find hindcast skill limited to a few years, when we first construct a lead‐year time series, from which we second calculate the PDO. We find similar hindcast skill when we first calculate the PDO for each start year and second construct a lead‐year time series. However, we find hindcast skill considerably increased, when we first calculate the PDO for each start year, second estimate multiyear trends, and third construct a lead‐year time series. Our results suggest hindcast skill for the low‐frequency variability of the PDO, which holds important implications for predictability analyses of other modes of long‐term climate variability.
Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO2 Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations
Authors: Ye Haijun , Sheng Jinyu , Tang Danling , Morozov Evgeny , Kalhoro Muhsan Ali , Wang Sufen , Xu Huabing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe impact of tropical cyclones (TCs) on the CO2 partial pressure at the sea surface (pCO2sea) and air‐sea CO2 flux (FCO2) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) was quantified based on satellite data and in situ observations between November 2013 and January 2017. The in situ observations were made at the BoB Ocean Acidification mooring buoy. A weak time‐mean net source of 55.78 ± 11.16 mmol CO2 m−2 year−1 at the BoB Ocean Acidification site was estimated during this period. A wide range in increases of pCO2sea (1.0–14.8 μatm) induced by TCs occurred in postmonsoon (October–December), and large decreases of pCO2sea (−14.0 μatm) occurred in premonsoon (March–May). Large vertical differences in the ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to total alkalinity (TA) in the upper layer (ΔDIC/TA) were responsible for increasing pCO2sea in postmonsoon. Relatively small values of ΔDIC/TA were responsible for decreasing pCO2sea in premonsoon. Five TCs (Hudhud, Five, Kyant, Vardah, and Roanu) were considered. Hudhud significantly enhanced CO2 efflux (18.49 ± 3.70 mmol CO2/m2) in oversaturated areas due to the wind effect during the storm and wind‐pump effects after the storm. Vardah insignificantly changed FCO2 (1.22 ± 0.24 mmol CO2/m2) in undersaturated areas because of the counteraction of these two effects. Roanu significantly enhanced CO2 efflux (19.08 ± 3.82 mmol CO2/m2) in highly oversaturated conditions (ΔpCO2 > 20 μatm) since the wind effect greatly exceeded the wind‐pump effects. These five TCs were estimated to account for 55 ± 23% of the annual‐mean CO2 annual efflux, suggesting that TCs have significant impacts on the carbon cycle in the BoB.
Quantifying the Economic Value of Space Weather Forecasting for Power Grids: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Eastwood J. P. , Hapgood M. A. , Biffis E. , Benedetti D. , Bisi M. M. , Green L. , Bentley R. D. , Burnett C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn accurate understanding of space weather socioeconomic impact is fundamental to the development of appropriate operational services, forecasting capabilities, and mitigation strategies. One way to approach this problem is by developing physics‐based models and frameworks that can lead to a bottom‐up estimate of risk and likely impact. Here we describe the development of a new framework to assess the economic impact of space weather on power distribution networks and the supply of electricity. In particular, we focus on the phenomenon of the geomagnetic substorm, which is relatively localized in time and space, and occurs multiple times with varying severity during a geomagnetic storm. The framework uses the AE index to characterize substorm severity, and the impact of the substorm is modulated by the resilience of the power grid and the nature of available forecast. Possible scenarios for substorm sequences during a 1‐in‐10‐, a 1‐in‐30‐, and a 1‐in‐100‐year geomagnetic storm events are generated based on the 2003, 1989, and 1859 geomagnetic storms. Economic impact, including international spill over, can then be calculated using standard techniques, based on the duration and the geographical footprint of the power outage. Illustrative calculations are made for the European sector, for a variety of forecast and resilience scenarios. However, currently available data are highly regionally inhomogeneous, frustrating attempts to define an overall global economic impact at the present time.
Effect of dried fruit on postprandial glycemia: a randomized acute-feeding trial
Authors: Viguiliouk Effie , Jenkins Alexandra L , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Sievenpiper John L , Kendall Cyril W C 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background/Objectives
To investigate the effect of dried fruit in modifying postprandial glycemia, we assessed the ability of 4 dried fruits (dates, apricots, raisins, sultanas) to decrease postprandial glycemia through three mechanisms: a glycemic index (GI) effect, displacement effect, or ‘catalytic’ fructose effect.

Subjects/Methods
We conducted an acute randomized, multiple-crossover trial in an outpatient setting in 10 healthy adults. Participants received 3 white bread control meals and 12 dried fruit test meals in random order. The test meals included each of 4 dried fruits (dates, apricots, raisins, sultanas) alone (GI effect), 4 of the dried fruits displacing half the available carbohydrate in white bread (displacement effect), or 4 of the dried fruits providing a small ‘catalytic’ dose (7.5 g) of fructose added to white bread (‘catalytic’ fructose effect). The protocol followed the ISO method for the determination of GI (ISO 26642:2010). The primary outcome was mean ± SEM GI (glucose scale) for ease of comparison across the three mechanisms.

Results
Ten healthy participants (7 men, 3 women; mean ± SD age and BMI: 39 ± 12 years and 25 ± 2 kg/m2) were recruited and completed the trial. All dried fruit had a GI below that of white bread (GI = 71); however, only dried apricots (GI = 42 ± 5), raisins (GI = 55 ± 5), and sultanas (51 ± 4) showed a significant GI effect (P < 0.05). When displacing half the available carbohydrate in white bread, all dried fruit lowered the GI; however, only dried apricots (GI = 57 ± 5) showed a significant displacement effect (P = 0.025). None of the dried fruits showed a beneficial ‘catalytic’ fructose effect.

Conclusions
In conclusion, dried fruits have a lower GI and reduce the glycemic response of white bread through displacement of half of the available carbohydrate. Longer-term randomized trials are needed to confirm whether dried fruit can contribute to sustainable improvements in glycemic control.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02960373
A psychometric investigation of the Chinese version of the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (C-IPSAQ)
Authors: Gao Bin , Wang Yiquan , Zhu Yihong , Tian Qi , Chen Zhiyu , Cohen Zachary , Landa Yulia , Mueser Kim T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe IPSAQ is a self-administered instrument designed to evaluate individuals’ attributional style (AS). The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (C-IPSAQ). We also investigate if patients with depression and patients with delusions exhibit attributional biases. The English version of IPSAQ was translated into Chinese and back-translated into English for use in this study. 200 normal control individuals, 47 depressed patients, and 41 delusional patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited for this study. Psychometric properties of this questionnaire were evaluated. The IPSAQ was found to have good internal consistency as a scale. The mean Cronbach’s alpha of the six subscales was 0.697. The inter-rater reliability was also acceptable. The concurrent validity analysis revealed that the C-IPSAQ was significantly correlated with ASQ. The group-comparison analyses showed differences in attributional style between patients with depression and patients with delusions compared to normal controls. We confirmed the reliability and validity of the C-IPSAQ, and that the instrument can discriminate specific attributional biases between different patient populations. The C-IPSAQ is a valid instrument to assess attributional style in delusional and depressed patients.
DNA interference and beyond: structure and functions of prokaryotic Argonaute proteins
Authors: Lisitskaya Lidiya , Aravin Alexei A. , Kulbachinskiy Andrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecognition and repression of RNA targets by Argonaute proteins guided by small RNAs is the essence of RNA interference in eukaryotes. Argonaute proteins with diverse structures are also found in many bacterial and archaeal genomes. Recent studies revealed that, similarly to their eukaryotic counterparts, prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) may function in cell defense against foreign genetic elements but, in contrast, preferably act on DNA targets. Many crucial details of the pAgo action, and the roles of a plethora of pAgos with non-conventional architecture remain unknown. Here, we review available structural and biochemical data on pAgos and discuss their possible functions in host defense and other genetic processes in prokaryotic cells.
Cooperative adsorption of carbon disulfide in diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks
Authors: McGuirk C. Michael , Siegelman Rebecca L. , Drisdell Walter S. , Runčevski Tomče , Milner Phillip J. , Oktawiec Julia , Wan Liwen F. , Su Gregory M. , Jiang Henry Z. H. , Reed Douglas A. , Gonzalez Miguel I. , Prendergast David , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOver one million tons of CS2 are produced annually, and emissions of this volatile and toxic liquid, known to generate acid rain, remain poorly controlled. As such, materials capable of reversibly capturing this commodity chemical in an energy-efficient manner are of interest. Recently, we detailed diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks capable of selectively capturing CO2 through a cooperative insertion mechanism that promotes efficient adsorption–desorption cycling. We therefore sought to explore the ability of these materials to capture CS2 through a similar mechanism. Employing crystallography, spectroscopy, and gas adsorption analysis, we demonstrate that CS2 is indeed cooperatively adsorbed in N,N-dimethylethylenediamine-appended M2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Zn; dobpdc4- = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate), via the formation of electrostatically paired ammonium dithiocarbamate chains. In the weakly thiophilic Mg congener, chemisorption is cleanly reversible with mild thermal input. This work demonstrates that the cooperative insertion mechanism can be generalized to other high-impact target molecules.
A non-canonical BRD9-containing BAF chromatin remodeling complex regulates naive pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Gatchalian Jovylyn , Malik Shivani , Ho Josephine , Lee Dong-Sung , Kelso Timothy W. R. , Shokhirev Maxim N. , Dixon Jesse R. , Hargreaves Diana C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe role of individual subunits in the targeting and function of the mammalian BRG1-associated factors (BAF) complex in embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency maintenance has not yet been elucidated. Here we find that the Bromodomain containing protein 9 (BRD9) and Glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1 (GLTSCR1) or its paralog GLTSCR1-like (GLTSCR1L) define a smaller, non-canonical BAF complex (GBAF complex) in mouse ESCs that is distinct from the canonical ESC BAF complex (esBAF). GBAF and esBAF complexes are targeted to different genomic features, with GBAF co-localizing with key regulators of naive pluripotency, which is consistent with its specific function in maintaining naive pluripotency gene expression. BRD9 interacts with BRD4 in a bromodomain-dependent fashion, which leads to the recruitment of GBAF complexes to chromatin, explaining the functional similarity between these epigenetic regulators. Together, our results highlight the biological importance of BAF complex heterogeneity in maintaining the transcriptional network of pluripotency.
Discovery of a potent HMG-CoA reductase degrader that eliminates statin-induced reductase accumulation and lowers cholesterol
Authors: Jiang Shi-You , Li Hui , Tang Jing-Jie , Wang Jie , Luo Jie , Liu Bing , Wang Jin-Kai , Shi Xiong-Jie , Cui Hai-Wei , Tang Jie , Yang Fan , Qi Wei , Qiu Wen-Wei , Song Bao-Liang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStatins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, and have been clinically used to treat cardiovascular disease. However, a paradoxical increase of reductase protein following statin treatment may attenuate the effect and increase the side effects. Here we present a previously unexplored strategy to alleviate statin-induced reductase accumulation by inducing its degradation. Inspired by the observations that cholesterol intermediates trigger reductase degradation, we identify a potent degrader, namely Cmpd 81, through structure–activity relationship analysis of sterol analogs. Cmpd 81 stimulates ubiquitination and degradation of reductase in an Insig-dependent manner, thus dramatically reducing protein accumulation induced by various statins. Cmpd 81 can act alone or synergistically with statin to lower cholesterol and reduce atherosclerotic plaques in mice. Collectively, our work suggests that inducing reductase degradation by Cmpd 81 or similar chemicals alone or in combination with statin therapy can be a promising strategy for treating cardiovascular disease.
Caveolin-1 mediates cellular distribution of HER2 and affects trastuzumab binding and therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Pereira Patrícia M. R. , Sharma Sai Kiran , Carter Lukas M. , Edwards Kimberly J. , Pourat Jacob , Ragupathi Ashwin , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Durack Jeremy C. , Lewis Jason S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification and/or protein overexpression in tumors is a prerequisite for initiation of trastuzumab therapy. Although HER2 is a cell membrane receptor, differential rates of endocytosis and recycling engender a dynamic surface pool of HER2. Since trastuzumab must bind to the extracellular domain of HER2, a depressed HER2 surface pool hinders binding. Using in vivo biological models and cultures of fresh human tumors, we find that the caveolin-1 (CAV1) protein is involved in HER2 cell membrane dynamics within the context of receptor endocytosis. The translational significance of this finding is highlighted by our observation that temporal CAV1 depletion with lovastatin increases HER2 half-life and availability at the cell membrane resulting in improved trastuzumab binding and therapy against HER2-positive tumors. These data show the important role that CAV1 plays in the effectiveness of trastuzumab to target HER2-positive tumors.
B cells inhibit bone formation in rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Sun Wen , Meednu Nida , Rosenberg Alexander , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Wang Victor , Glanzman Jason , Owen Teresa , Zhou Xichao , Zhang Hengwei , Boyce Brendan F. , Anolik Jennifer H. , Xing Lianping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe function of B cells in osteoblast (OB) dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been well-studied. Here we show that B cells are enriched in the subchondral and endosteal bone marrow (BM) areas adjacent to osteocalcin+OBs in two murine RA models: collagen-induced arthritis and the TNF-transgenic mice. Subchondral BM B cells in RA mice express high levels of OB inhibitors, CCL3 and TNF, and inhibit OB differentiation by activating ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. The inhibitory effect of RA B cells on OB differentiation is blocked by CCL3 and TNF neutralization, and deletion of CCL3 and TNF in RA B cells completely rescues OB function in vivo, while B cell depletion attenuates bone erosion and OB inhibition in RA mice. Lastly, B cells from RA patients express CCL3 and TNF and inhibit OB differentiation, with these effects ameliorated by CCL3 and TNF neutralization. Thus, B cells inhibit bone formation in RA by producing multiple OB inhibitors.
Prospective observational study validating the German version of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT10)
Authors: Werner Christoph Ulrich , Koch Luisa , Linde Klaus , Kriston Levente , Schultz Konrad , Atmann Oxana , Schneider Antonius 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT10), developed by Portuguese experts, is the only questionnaire assessing asthma control under additional consideration of a frequently concurrent allergic rhinitis (AR), providing sub-scores for both diseases. Aims of this study were the translation and validation of its German version. Asthma patients both with and without AR were included at three primary care pulmologists´ practices in Southern Germany. After translation process, patients completed the CARAT10, the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), the Asthma Control Test (ACT), and the Standardised Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ(S)). Item and scale characteristics as well as measures of reliability and validity of the CARAT10 were determined. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test factorial validity. Data of 213 patients were analysed, 101 (47%) of them with concurrent AR. Missing responses were minimal and unsystematic. Cronbach´s α was 0.87 for the CARAT10 total score (TS) and 0.84 for each sub-score. Spearman´s correlation coefficients for the association of the CARAT10 TS with ACQ, ACT and AQLQ(S) were moderate to high and slightly higher in patients with AR. Higher correlations were found for its lower airway sub-score than the upper airway sub-score (all around 0.8 to all around 0.3). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factorial scale structure of the CARAT10, with a two-factor model showing a better fit to the data than a one-factor model. The German version of the CARAT10 is an acceptable, reliable and valid tool. Our results suggest a recommended use in asthma patients with AR.
Towards manufacturing high uniformity polysilicon circuits through TFT contact barrier engineering
Authors: Sporea Radu A. , Wheeler Luke J. , Stolojan Vlad , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe predicted 50 billion devices connected to the Internet of Things by 2020 has renewed interest in polysilicon technology for high performance new sensing and control circuits, in addition to traditional display usage. Yet, the polycrystalline nature of the material presents significant challenges when used in transistors with strongly scaled channel lengths due to non-uniformity in device performance. For these new applications to materialize as viable products, uniform electrical characteristics on large areas will be essential. Here, we report on the effect of deliberately engineered potential barrier at the source of polysilicon thin-film transistors, yielding highly-uniform on-current (<8% device-to-device, accounting for material, as well as substantial geometrical, variations). The contact-controlled architecture of these transistors significantly reduces kink effect and produces high intrinsic gain over a wide range of drain voltage (2–20 V). TCAD simulations associate critical grain boundary position and the two current injection mechanisms in this type of device, showing that, for the geometry considered, the most unfavorable location is ~150 nm inside the source area. At this point, grain boundary contributes to increasing the resistance of the source pinch-off region, reducing the current injection from the bulk of the source area. Nevertheless, the effect is marginal, and the probability of a grain boundary existing at this position is low. This new understanding is instrumental in the design of new signal conversion and gain circuits for flexible and low-power sensors, without the need for complex compensation methods.
Crosstalk between SOX2 and cytokine signaling in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Lee Chang-Jung , Sung Pi-Lin , Kuo Ming-Han , Tsai Min-Hwa , Wang Cheng-Kuang , Pan Shien-Tung , Chen Yi-Jen , Wang Peng-Hui , Wen Kuo-Chang , Chou Yu-Ting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEndometrial carcinoma is a cancer derived from oncogenesis of the regenerating uterine cavity, in which cytokine stimulation shapes cell differentiation and tissue remodeling. Expression of the stem cell factors SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and MYC has been linked to tumor malignancy in several cancers. However, how these stem cell factors crosstalk with cytokine signaling to promote malignancy in endometrial carcinoma is still elusive. Here we report that the expression of SOX2 and MYC, but not that of OCT4 and NANOG, correlate with poor histological differentiation and prognosis, while SOX2 expression is negatively associated with MYC level. We found that SOX2-high endometrial carcinoma cells possessed a higher colony-forming ability than their SOX2-low counterparts, and knockdown of SOX2 attenuated the colony-forming ability. We observed that SOX2 regulated EGFR expression in a SOX2–EGFR positive feedback loop. EGF stimulation induced SOX2 expression and promoted migration of endometrial carcinoma cells, whereas TGF-β stimulation inhibited SOX2 expression and attenuated the colony-forming ability. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that SOX2 expression correlated with lymph node infiltration of endometrial carcinoma. Our findings support that cytokine-induced stem cell factor SOX2 possesses oncogenic properties, with the potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma.
Olfactory cleft proteome does not reflect olfactory performance in patients with idiopathic and postinfectious olfactory disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Wolf Axel , Liesinger Laura , Spoerk Stefan , Schittmayer Matthias , Lang-Loidolt Doris , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Tomazic Peter V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTechnical advances including liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its data analysis enable detailed proteomic analysis of the nasal mucus. Alterations of the nasal mucus proteome may provoke substantial changes of the nasal physiology and have already been associated with rhinologic diseases such as allergic rhinitis. This study was conducted as a pilot study to map the olfactory cleft proteome using current techniques for proteomic analysis. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate proteomic changes as potential biomarkers in patients suffering from idiopathic and postinfectious olfactory disorders compared to healthy controls. Seven patients with idiopathic hyposmia and anosmia, seven patients with postinfectious hyposmia and anosmia and seven healthy controls were included in this study. In total, 1117 different proteins were detected in at least five patients in at least one group. Results of this study did not reveal significant differences regarding the proteomic composition of the olfactory cleft mucus between patients versus healthy controls. Among proteins involved in olfactory perception the G protein family was detected but also found unchanged between groups. Investigation of protein composition by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry enabled us to perform an in–depth analysis of the olfactory cleft mucus proteome regarding the diversity of different proteins in individual patients. However untargeted proteomics of the olfactory cleft mucus may not be an applicable approach to develop biomarkers for olfactory disorders. Targeted analyses of distinct proteins known to be involved in olfactory perception but not detected by our approach, e.g. odorant binding proteins, may provide more information regarding pathophysiology of olfactory diseases.