bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant-derived saponins and their prospective for cosmetic and personal care products
Authors: Kanlayavattanakul Mayuree , Mersni Donia , Lourith Nattaya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlants are industrially cultivated and processed serving for specified sectors for human consumptions including cosmetic and personal care products. Where, the consumers’ awareness towards sustainability are increasing year by year. Among which, those of the materials derived from the plants produced with good agricultural and manufacturing practices abided with bio-circular-green economy theme, are of eminence. This perspective is in line with the researchers’ bioprospective onto natural products. Special attention sheds on saponins, the biosurfactants that will not cause detrimental effects on the environment. Which, plants are regarded as the sustainable sources of these cosmetic substances. However, among tremendous plants that have been continuously explored upon their potential applications. Most of the studies focus on preparation of the saponins and biological activities. Surprisingly, those that are abided with the list published in the European Commission (CosIng) that are of crucially for cosmetic regulation are insufficiently demonstrated, which burden their applications in the sector. This context summarizes the industrial crops that are registered as plant saponin in the CosIng database. Those that are insufficiently exploited on the information required for cosmetic formulations are therefore encouraged to be examined. In addition, multidirectional cosmetic beneficials of the filled plants saponin would be encouraged to be explored. These plants will be properly knowledge managed for their sustainable utilizations as the bio-based materials promising for cosmetic and personal care industrial perspectives.
Employing automatic analysis tools aligned to learning progressions to assess knowledge application and support learning in STEM
Authors: Kaldaras Leonora , Haudek Kevin , Krajcik Joseph 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe discuss transforming STEM education using three aspects: learning progressions (LPs), constructed response performance assessments, and artificial intelligence (AI). Using LPs to inform instruction, curriculum, and assessment design helps foster students’ ability to apply content and practices to explain phenomena, which reflects deeper science understanding. To measure the progress along these LPs, performance assessments combining elements of disciplinary ideas, crosscutting concepts and practices are needed. However, these tasks are time-consuming and expensive to score and provide feedback for. Artificial intelligence (AI) allows to validate the LPs and evaluate performance assessments for many students quickly and efficiently. The evaluation provides a report describing student progress along LP and the supports needed to attain a higher LP level. We suggest using unsupervised, semi-supervised ML and generative AI (GAI) at early LP validation stages to identify relevant proficiency patterns and start building an LP. We further suggest employing supervised ML and GAI for developing targeted LP-aligned performance assessment for more accurate performance diagnosis at advanced LP validation stages. Finally, we discuss employing AI for designing automatic feedback systems for providing personalized feedback to students and helping teachers implement LP-based learning. We discuss the challenges of realizing these tasks and propose future research avenues.
Material decomposition approaches for monosodium urate (MSU) quantification in gouty arthritis: a (bio)phantom study
Authors: Diekhoff Torsten , Schmolke Sydney Alexandra , Khayata Karim , Mews Jürgen , Kotlyarov Maximilian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is a noninvasive diagnostic tool for gouty arthritis. This study aimed to compare two postprocessing techniques for monosodium urate (MSU) detection: conventional two-material decomposition and material map-based decomposition.

Methods
A raster phantom and an ex vivo biophantom, embedded with four different MSU concentrations, were scanned in two high-end CT scanners. Scanner 1 used the conventional postprocessing method while scanner 2 employed the material map approach. Volumetric analysis was performed to determine MSU detection, and image quality parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), were computed.

Results
The material map-based method demonstrated superior MSU detection. Specifically, scanner 2 yielded total MSU volumes of 5.29 ± 0.28 mL and 4.52 ± 0.29 mL (mean ± standard deviation) in the raster and biophantom, respectively, versus 2.35 ± 0.23 mL and 1.15 ± 0.17 mL for scanner 1. Radiation dose correlated positively with detection for the conventional scanner, while there was no such correlation for the material map-based decomposition method in the biophantom. Despite its higher detection rate, material map-based decomposition was inferior in terms of SNR, CNR, and artifacts.

Conclusion
While material map-based decomposition resulted in superior MSU detection, it is limited by challenges such as increased artifacts. Our findings highlight the potential of this method for gout diagnosis while underscoring the need for further research to enhance its clinical reliability.

Relevance statement
Advanced postprocessing such as material-map-based two-material decomposition might improve the sensitivity for gouty arthritis in clinical practice, thus, allowing for lower radiation doses or better sensitivity for gouty tophi.

Key Points

Dual-energy CT showed limited sensitivity for tophi with low MSU concentrations.

Materiel-map-based decomposition increased sensitivity compared to conventional two-material decomposition.

The advantages of material-map-based decomposition outweigh lower image quality and increased artifact load.

Graphical Abstract
Examining the standalone efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in chronic subdural hematoma: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Syed Muhammad Sinaan , Haseeb Abdul , Shafique Muhammad Ashir , Mustafa Muhammad Saqlain , Kumar Aashish , Nasir Rabia , Azhar Muhammad Abdullah Bin , Ahmad Tagwa Kalool Fadlalla , Raja Adarsh , Raja Sandesh , Lucke-Wold Brandon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an important medical condition characterized by the accumulation of blood in the subdural space. Several methods have been explored, including surgical intervention and administration of tranexamic acid, which is a conservative treatment option. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in CSDH management.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. This study included cohort and randomized controlled trials involving adults with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) who were treated with intravenous tranexamic acid. The primary outcome measures were recurrence and adverse events.

Results
Six studies encompassing 2024 participants were included. Studies have shown that tranexamic acid reduced recurrence rates (OR, 0.32; 95% CI: 0.27–0.38, p = 0.16; I2 = 0%), although the result was non-significant. However, the analysis of adverse events indicated a moderate level of heterogeneity (OR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.60–2.15, p = 0.07; I2 = 57%), suggesting a potential safety concern.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests tranexamic acid (TXA) may reduce chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurrence, though significance varied across studies. Adverse effects with TXA were similar to controls. Larger trials are needed to confirm TXA’s role in CSDH management.
Hatchery type influences the gill microbiome of Atlantic farmed salmon (Salmo salar) after transfer to sea
Authors: Stewart Kelly J. , Boerlage Annette S. , Barr William , Ijaz Umer Z. , Smith Cindy J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Salmon aquaculture involves freshwater and seawater phases. Recently there has been an increase in multifactorial gill health challenges during the seawater phase which has led to an urgent need to understand the gill microbiome. There is a lack of understanding on what drives the composition of the gill microbiome, and the influence the freshwater stage has on its long-term composition. We characterise the gill microbiome from seven cohorts of Atlantic salmon raised in six different freshwater operational systems—recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), flowthrough (FT) and loch-based system, prior to and after transfer to seven seawater farms, over two different input seasons, S0 (2018) and S1 (2019).

Results
Using the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we produced amplicon libraries absent of host contamination. We showed that hatchery system influenced the gill microbiome (PERMAOVA R2 = 0.226, p < 0.001). Loch and FT systems were more similar to each other than the three RAS systems, which clustered together. On transfer to sea, the gill microbiomes of all fish changed and became more similar irrespective of the initial hatchery system, seawater farm location or season of input. Even though the gill microbiome among seawater farm locations were different between locations (PERMAOVA R2 = 0.528, p < 0.001), a clustering of the gill microbiomes by hatchery system of origin was still observed 7–25 days after transfer (PERMAOVA R = 0.164, p < 0.001). Core microbiomes at genera level were observed among all fish in addition to freshwater only, and seawater only. At ASV level core microbiomes were observed among FT and loch freshwater systems only and among all seawater salmon. The gill microbiome and surrounding water at each hatchery had more shared ASVs than seawater farms.

Conclusion
We showed hatchery system, loch, FT or RAS, significantly impacted the gill microbiome. On transfer to sea, the microbiomes changed and became more similar. After transfer, the individual sites to which the fish were transferred has a significant influence on microbiome composition, but interesting some clustering by hatchery system remained. Future gill disease mitigation methods that target enhancing the gill microbiome may be most effective in the freshwater stage, as there were more shared ASVs between water and gill at hatchery, compared to at sea.
Antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, photoprotection, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical profiling of sea lavender (Limonium algarvense Erben) seed extracts for dermo-cosmetic use
Authors: Lescano Leonardo , Cziáky Zoltán , Kurt-Celep İnci , Zengin Gökhan , Fernandes Eliana , Trentin Riccardo , Pereira Catarina G. , Custódio Luísa , Rodrigues Maria João 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite sea lavender being a medicinal species, research on its seeds’ biological properties and chemical composition is unexplored. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of different extraction solvents on the biological activities and chemical profile of greenhouse-cultivated sea lavender seeds, aiming at their potential use as a dermo-cosmetic ingredient. Therefore, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water extracts were examined for their antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, photoprotection, and cytotoxicity, followed by phytochemical analysis through spectrophotometric methods, further detailed by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass/Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Esi-MS/MS).

Results
The water extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, evidenced by low half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values in scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, reducing iron and chelating copper (296, 478, 230 and 678 µg/mL, respectively). The ethanol extract was more effective in inhibiting cosmetic-related enzymes, particularly elastase and hyaluronidase (2.18 and 3.21 µg/mL, respectively). The water and acetone extracts had the highest sun protection factors (23.2 and 18.9, respectively). All the extracts had nil to weak cytotoxicity (70–120% cell viability) towards mammalian cell lines. The water extract had the highest phenolics and condensed tannins (115 and 78.30 mg/g extract, respectively), while the ethanol contained the most flavonoids (62.73 mg/g extract). UHPLC-ESI–MS/MS analysis identified ethyl gallate, myricetin, rutin, and quercetin as major components of the ethanol extract, whereas myricetin-O-rutinoside isomers are predominant in the water extract.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the potential of greenhouse-cultivated sea lavender seeds as potential dermo-cosmetic ingredients, with ethanol and water extracts demonstrating superior biological activities and chemical profiles, significantly contributing to general skin health and protection.
Drug repurposing in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Sarup Shivmuni , Obukhov Alexander G. , Raizada Shubhi , Atre Rajat , Baig Mirza S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic inflammation is an increasing global healthcare challenge with limited effective treatment options. Developing medications for chronic diseases requires high financial investment and a long duration. Given these challenges, alternative strategies are needed. Here, we focus on one such strategy that holds great promise: drug repurposing, which involves identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs.

Main body
Here, we discuss the importance of two key transcription factors: nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1), in orchestrating complex pathophysiological signaling networks involved in chronic inflammatory diseases. Dysregulation of the NF-κB and AP1 signaling pathways have been associated with various diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory disease, and autoimmune disorders. This review emphasized that repurposed small-molecule inhibitors of these pathways have proven successful as therapeutic interventions. These compounds exhibit high degrees of specificity and efficacy in modulating NF-κB or AP-1 signaling, making them appealing candidates for treating chronic inflammatory conditions. This review discusses the therapeutic potential and action mechanisms of several repurposed small-molecule inhibitors for combating diseases caused by abnormal activation or inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1.

Conclusion
This concise review highlights the potential of repurposing small-molecule inhibitors targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways as effective therapies for various chronic inflammatory diseases. While further experimental validation is needed, drug repurposing offers a promising strategy to bypass the existing lengthy and expensive new drug development processes, providing a faster and more economical route to novel treatments.
Development and evaluatıon of the Turkısh mobıle real-noıse speech dıscrımınatıon test
Authors: Ozkan Melek Basak , Konukseven Ozlem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
While there is a list of monosyllabic words available for use in speaking tests in our country, the list of sentences is limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the mobile application we developed by creating a list of 4-word sentences that are frequently encountered in daily life, well-known, and spectrally balanced, to be used in speech tests in children aged 8–12 with normal hearing. A total of 50 participants, 25 girls (mean age 9.56 ± 1.56) and 25 boys (mean age 10.60 ± 1.55) with normal hearing, aged 8–12, were included in the study. Familiarity was evaluated by listening to a list of 200 sentences consisting of 4-word sentences to 70 children in 7 geographical regions of Turkey, and the sentences that 80% of the children did not understand were excluded. A list of 60 balanced sentences was determined by performing spectral and coherence analysis of the sentences. The recording of each sentence at 80 dB, 60 dB, and 40 dB intensity levels, respectively, increased in 5 dB steps between the − 10/ + 10 signal-to-noise ratio value and was combined separately with 3 different environmental noises (classroom, shopping mall, amusement park) and uploaded to the developed mobile application.

Results
For all participants, speech comprehension scores at 80 dB, 60 dB, and 40 dB sound intensity were lowest in the amusement park environment. Speech comprehension scores are lowest in noise levels of 40 dB in amusement park and shopping mall environments. Speech comprehension scores are lowest in noise levels of 60 dB in the classroom environment. There is a statistically significant difference between ambient noises (p < 0.05). When male and female participants are compared, it is seen that male participants’ comprehension scores in noise in the shopping mall environment are higher than female participants. There is a statistically significant difference between genders (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
When the speech in noise tests developed in the literature are examined, even though the word lists are equalized with the phonemic equalization method, they do not reflect the reality of daily life. The Turkish Mobile Speech Discrimination in Real Noise 4-Word Sentence Test that we have developed will contribute to the literature. It is recommended that future research compare the results by adding different ambient noises.
Influence of particle density on turbulence characteristics over a rough surface
Authors: Singh Kirti , Prasad Kesheo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objective of the study is to use a 3D Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) to gauge the typical flow and turbulence characteristics within a non-uniform open channel. The findings of experimental examinations of the subcritical flow along the channel are presented in this work. The behavior of sand grains in turbulent open channel flow across porous and rough bed surfaces was examined in laboratory research, and the results were obtained. The properties of turbulent flow, i.e., turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds shear stresses, are determined from ADV data. The continuity equation and the Reynolds equation of open-channel flow have been used to build theoretical formulations for the velocity distribution and Reynolds stress distribution in the vertical direction. Measured profiles of vertical velocity and Reynolds stress are compared to the derived expressions. The impact of the size of particles on the distribution of mean flow characteristics is discussed. This work provides a novel origin for the profile and analyzes the behavior of the vertical velocity distribution in the region where fully formed turbulence is dominating in open channels using the Navier–Stokes equations. In comparison to other sand roughness, Chopan sand bed (with greater density) exhibits the strongest turbulence intensities in both vertical and streamwise direction just next to the bed when away from the channel boundary. In contrast to flow across a rough surface, the variance ranges between 150 and 250% concerning the channel bed’s roughness type, impacting the velocity triple products that signifies transfer of turbulent kinetic energy.
Pharmacodynamic evaluation and network pharmacology analysis of a novel anti-heat stress Chinese herbal formula
Authors: Wang Hanfei , Xu Shuyi , Mao Haiyang , Wang Boyu , Feng Yanping , Ihsan Awais , Li Shijun , Wang Xu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrequent extreme heat events around the world not only pose a major threat to human health but also cause significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The existing management practices are insufficient to fully prevent heat stress with an urgent need to develop preventive medicines. The aim of this study was to develop an anti-heat stress Chinese herbal formula (CHF) via big data analysis techniques and to evaluate its anti-heat stress effect and mechanism of action via pharmacodynamic evaluation and network pharmacology analysis. Many anti-heat stress CHFs were collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Three alternative CHFs were obtained via unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering analysis, and the most effective CHF against heat stress, Shidi Jieshu decoction (SJD), was obtained by screening in a mouse heat stress model. In dry and hot environments, SJD significantly improved the heat tolerance of AA broilers by 4–6°C. In a humid and hot environment, pretreatment with 2% SJD resulted in 100% survival of Wenchang chickens at high temperatures. The main active ingredients of SJD were identified as muntjacoside E, timosaponin C, macrostemonoside H and mangiferin via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) and database comparison. The active ingredients of SJD were found to target tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Finally, the safety of the new formulation was assessed in an acute oral toxicity study in rats. The SJDs developed in this study provide a new option for the prevention of heat stress in animal husbandry and offer new insights for further research on anti-heat stress.
Examining what works for whom and how in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for recurrent depression: moderated-mediation analysis in the PREVENT trial
Authors: Montero-Marin Jesus , Hinze Verena , Maloney Shannon , van der Velden Anne Maj , Hayes Rachel , Watkins Edward R. , Byford Sarah , Dalgleish Tim , Kuyken Willem 
Published: November 2024

Background
Personalised management of recurrent depression, considering individual patient characteristics, is crucial.

Aims
This study evaluates the potentially different mediating role of mindfulness skills in managing recurrent depression using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) among people with varying depression severity.

Method
Data from the Prevention of Depressive Relapse or Recurrence (PREVENT) trial, comparing MBCT (with antidepressant medication (ADM) tapering support, MBCT-tapering support) versus maintenance-ADM, were used. The study included pre, post, 9-, 12-, 18- and 24-month follow-ups. Adults with ≥3 previous major depressive episodes, in full/partial remission (below threshold for a current episode), on ADM, were assessed for eligibility in primary care practices in the UK. People were randomised (1:1) to MBCT-tapering support or maintenance-ADM. We used the Beck Depression Inventory-II to evaluate depressive symptom changes over the six time points. Pre-post treatment, we employed the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire to gauge mindfulness skills. Baseline symptom and history variables were used to identify individuals with varying severity profiles. We conducted Latent Profile Moderated-Mediation Growth Mixture Models.

Results
A total of 424 people (mean (s.d.) age = 49.44 (12.31) years; with 325 (76.7%) self-identified as female) were included. A mediating effect of mindfulness skills, between trial arm allocation and the linear rate of depressive symptoms change over 24 months, moderated by depression severity, was observed (moderated-mediation index = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.66, −0.03). Conditional indirect effects were −0.42 (95% CI = −0.78, −0.18) for higher severity (expected mean BDI-II reduction = 10 points), and −0.15 (95% CI = −0.35, −0.02) for lower severity (expected mean BDI-II reduction = 3.5 points).

Conclusions
Mindfulness skills constitute a unique mechanism driving change in MBCT (versus maintenance-ADM). Individuals with higher depression severity may benefit most from MBCT-tapering support for residual symptoms. It is unclear if these effects apply to those with a current depressive episode. Future research should investigate individuals who are not on medication. This study provides preliminary evidence for personalised management of recurrent depression.

Trial Registration:
ISRCTN26666654.