bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal Multiport Interferometers for Post‐Selected Multi‐Photon Gates
Authors: Baldazzi Alessio , Pavesi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is showed how to use universal multiport interferometers' schemes in order to create photonic post‐selected Controlled‐Z and Controlled–Controlled‐Z gates, which are equivalent, modulo single‐qubit gates, to Controlled‐NOT and Toffoli gates, respectively. The new proposed method is based on the following ingredients: identical single photons, Mach–Zehnder interferometer networks, single‐photon detectors and post‐selection. In particular, by using dual‐rail path encoding together with auxiliary paths and single photons, the success probabilities of such gates is improved. This result further proves the complexity and richness of Reck and Clements schemes beyond the usual notions and practices of Boson Sampling.
Ultralow Ion Migration and X‐Ray Response from Strong Dipole Moments in (Br‐EA)2PbBr4 Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Li Haibin , Jiang Wei , Wu Jiarui , Ren Jiwei , Zhao Yingying , Liu Dan , Hu Ziyu , Zhao Yiying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D hybrid perovskites composed of quantum‐well structures demonstrate immense potential in optoelectronics because of their unique combination of environmental stability and optoelectrical properties. However, improving electrical properties via quantum‐well engineering results in severe ion migration and inferior chemical stability. In this study, a novel strategy to avoid the above trade‐off between electrical properties and stability for modifying the electric field profile in perovskites through molecular design is proposed. To this end, ethylammonium (EA) cations are substituted with 2‐bromoethylamine (Br‐EA) cations and fabricate pure 2D perovskite (Br‐EA)2PbBr4 single crystals. The molecular dipole moments of the Br‐EA cations and induced electric field impart several novel features to the X‐ray response, including a ferro‐response current, reverse current, and super‐high Voc of 95 V. The resulting X‐ray detectors achieve a sensitivity of 540.7 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 with an extra 38.1% gained from local dipoles, an impressive limit of detection of 9.8 nGyair s−1, and an ultralow dark current drift of 3.69 × 10−8 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1 at −100 V. This study presents valuable insights into the novel effects of dipole moments of A‐site cations on the properties of perovskite materials and inspires further exploration of their potential applications.
Enhancing Potassium‐Ion Storage through Nanostructure Engineering and Ion‐Doped: A Case Study of Cu2+‐Doped Co0.85Se with Yolk‐Shell Structure
Authors: Chen Daming , Ming Yang , Cai Wei , Wang Zhen , Tawiah Benjamin , Shi Shuo , Hu Xin , Yu Rujun , Poon Chi‐sun , Fei Bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFabricating transition metal selenide (TMSe) anode materials with rapid K+ diffusion and high‐rate performance is crucial for the advancement of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), yet it remains a challenge. In this study, a Cu2+‐doped Co0.85Se@N‐doped carbon anode with an optimal concentration of Cu2+‐doped and yolk‐shell structure (denoted as Cu‐Co0.85Se@NC‐2) is developed to enhance the reaction kinetics and cycling life. The Cu2+‐doped modulates the electronic structure of the Co0.85Se interface, improves the diffusion and adsorption of K+, and further promotes the charge transport efficiency, as demonstrated by theoretical calculations and experimental results. In addition, an optimal Cu2+‐doped content is identified that is conducive to achieving the best structure and electrochemical performance. Moreover, the N‐doped carbon shell effectively enhances the conductivity of the electrode and alleviates the volume change of Co0.85Se yolk during cycling. Benefiting from the above advantages, the obtained Cu‐Co0.85Se@NC‐2 anode exhibits excellent rate performance (208.1 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1) and cycling stability (239.7 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 500 cycles, the capacity retention rate is up to 80.4%). This work integrates nanostructure engineering and ion‐doped to provide a straightforward and effective strategy for designing advanced high‐rate TMSe anodes for next‐generation PIBs.
A New TiO2‐Based Cathode Material with Interface‐Dominated Storage Mechanism for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Daijie , Wang Weijuan , Lu Jianwei , Ji Sheng , Xu Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are highly desirable for large‐scale energy storage applications, yet the lack of suitable cathode materials hinders their deployment. Here, for the first time, a new and promising TiO2‐based cathode material (TOC‐AI) is reported for AZIBs and unveil a novel energy storage mechanism that enables Zn2+ storage predominantly originating from the interface. The TOC‐AI composed of ultrafine TiO2 nanocrystals embedded within an amorphous carbon matrix, featuring abundant atomic interfaces and strong interactions, triggers a decoupled and rapid transport of Zn2+ ions and electrons in the interfacial space charge region, similar to an electrostatic capacitor. Moreover, the presence of titanium vacancies facilitates Zn2+ intercalation into the TiO2 bulks, contributing extra capacity to the composite. Finally, a high capacity of 111 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling performance with 77% capacity retention after 17 000 cycles are achieved. Such interface‐dominated storage mechanism has also been successfully extended to other composite systems, broadening the scope of potential applications for materials traditionally deemed inactive for Zn2+ storage.
Through‐space interaction enables simultaneous enhancements of kr and kRISC in highly efficient spiro‐acridine based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter with acridone acceptor
Authors: Mei Yongqiang , Liu Di , Li Jiuyan , Xu Min , Wang Jiahui , Jin Jing , Xie Lijuan , Wan Huihui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMost of acridine based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are characterized by advantageous reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (kRISCs) due to the perpendicular orientation of the acridine donor to the acceptor moiety, but suffer from a poor radiation rate (kr) typically in the order of 106 s−1. Herein, two sky blue TADF emitters 3,6‐DMAC‐AD‐Py and 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py were developed by linking acridine (DMAC) and spiro‐fluorene‐acridine (SFAC) donors to 10‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)acridin‐9(10H)‐one (AD‐Py) acceptor. Larger SFAC and electron‐deficient pyridyl groups are deliberately incorporated in 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py since the unique through‐space interaction between them is designed to drive the rotation of inner acridine ring in SFAC for enhancing frontier molecular orbitals overlap while keeping a decent TADF behavior. Thus, the kr of 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py is increased to 1.5 × 107 s−1. Simultaneously, SFAC donors improve spin orbital coupling strength and reduce the energy gaps, generating kRISC of 1.8 × 106 s−1. This is the first acridine donor based TADF emitter realizing kr of 107 s−1 and kRISC of 106 s−1 by a through‐space interaction strategy. 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py enables a highly efficient sky‐blue organic light‐emitting diode with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34.7% and Commission International de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.19, 0.37). More importantly, the EQE still remained 27.6% and 16.9% at high brightness of 1000 and 10,000 cd m−2.
Leveraging Fog Computing for Security‐Aware Resource Allocation in Narrowband Internet of Things
Authors: Sunku Mohan Vamshi , Sankaran Sriram , Buyya Rajkumar , Achuthan Krishnashree 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNarrowband Internet of Things (NB‐IoT) is LPWAN operating using narrowband spectrum in IoTs, requiring low data rates and long battery life. Since NB‐IoT does not support handover, the requirement to sustain network connectivity during mobility may result in fake base station connections, hence applications are limited to stationary use‐cases. Researchers propose extending NB‐IoT in mobile applications, owing to higher signal quality and battery life, despite DoS attacks due to low bandwidth. As NB‐IoT is resource‐constrained, resources must be allocated based on application with data processing offloaded to optimise performance. Cloud servers, being centralised and memory‐intensive, may result in increased computational delay, lower throughput, and DoS attacks in NB‐IoT. Hence, in this paper, we implement fog computing, a decentralised technology, providing scalability, reduced bandwidth, and enhanced privacy, to provide distributed processing. Additionally, we develop secure handover protocols for private and service‐provider‐controlled fog networks under normal and cell‐splitting conditions to minimise fake base station attacks and provide seamless handover. We introduce reputation‐based mechanisms to determine device integrity and differentiate faulty behaviour and attacks. Further, we implement real‐time application‐aware resource allocation and QoS‐based load‐balancing using deep learning to distribute data processing between devices, fog and cloud servers. We simulate and prototype protocols on iFogSim2 and Raspberry Pi 4. Security of the fog computing framework is validated against various attacks and formally verified using Scyther. Evaluation shows that our approach consumes 12% and 43.75% lower power and communication overhead and approximately 6 and 16 times lower execution time and memory compared with existing solutions, thus making our approach lightweight.
Prevalence of Varroa destructor Infestations in Apis mellifera Honeybee Colonies and Associated Risk Factors in Ankasha District, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yenew Aschalew Shitu , Sisay Yodit Ayalew 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVarroa destructor is an ectoparasite of broods and adult stages of honeybees, which gradually leads to colony losses worldwide, both directly (feeding on fatty tissue) and indirectly (disease transmission).ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of varroosis and to identify possible risk factors for the occurrence of varroosis.MethodsThe honeybee colonies were selected by a simple random sampling method from each apiary of 90 volunteer apiarists. Combs containing mature drone broods were taken out of each colony and examined for the presence of V. destructor on the brood and in the cell. A cross‐sectional study design was used for data collection. The data were analysed by chi‐square test (χ2) and logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 66.15% of honeybee colonies were infested with V. destructor. Colony strength, colony age and agro‐ecology had statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations with the occurrence of varroosis. Weak colonies were 4.89 (p < 0.001) times more likely to be at risk to varroosis than moderate colonies. Likewise, honeybee colonies with the age of 2–3 years and >3 years were 1.99 and 4.74 (p < 0.001) times more likely to be at risk to varroosis than colonies with <2 years, respectively. Furthermore, honeybee colonies in highland and midland agro‐ecologies were 3.67 and 5.07 (p < 0.001) times more likely at risk to infestation of varroosis when compared with colonies from lowland agro‐ecologies, respectively.ConclusionVarroosis is prevalent in the study area, which alarms the starting of an effective control option to save honeybee colonies.
Severe weather event on 3 March 2015 in Msalala District, Tanzania
Authors: Igenge Edwin M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines the severe weather event on 3 March 2015 in Msalala District, where surface convergence and enhanced atmospheric instability played a crucial role in storm development. Evaluation of numerical weather models revealed variations in accuracy, with the Global Forecast System (GFS) model performing better at predicting observed conditions than other models. These findings highlight the need for improved observational data networks in regions like Tanzania to enhance the understanding of localised severe weather events. High‐resolution data shows potential for improving forecast accuracy, strengthening early warning systems and enhancing preparedness for extreme weather events.
Prevalence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water from different sources: A trans‐boundary study in the Nile Basin
Authors: Watti Vivian Muhehe , Wafula Nobert , Fungo Robert , Mahungu Symon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate change in Sub‐Saharan Africa is severely affecting water access, compromising the health and safety of millions. The Nile Basin, a crucial transboundary catchment shared by 11 African countries and supporting 232 million people, plays a significant role in regional water policy. Despite its importance, limited information exists regarding the microbial quality of drinking water in this region. This study investigates waterborne pathogen contamination in drinking water sources along the Uganda‐Kenya border within the Nile Basin. Conducted in two stages, the study first surveyed the water sources used by respondents and whether they treated their drinking water. The second stage involved aseptic sampling of water from identified sources for Total Coliforms (TCC), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Helicobacter pylori, and Salmonella spp. using culture methods. The survey revealed that residents in the region predominantly rely on multiple water sources: 94.0% use springs, 57.3% groundwater, 53.0% taps, and 28.1% streams. Water treatment was common, with 74.6% of households employing various methods. Analysis showed a high prevalence of contamination, with 98.6% of water samples testing positive for TCC, 72.2% for E. coli, 22.2% for Salmonella spp., and 44.4% for H. pylori. E. coli contamination was highest in Mumias (94.4%), followed by Yala (77.8%), and Acholi Quarter (40.0%). H. pylori prevalence was lowest in Yala (14.3%) compared to Mumias (37.0%) and Acholi Quarter (30.0%). Salmonella spp. was equally high in Mumias and Yala (85.7%) but lower in the Acholi Quarter (40.0%). Theoretical log reduction analysis revealed that both TCC and E. coli levels exceeded the limits (> 10 cfu [colony forming units] TCC/100 ml; > 0 cfu E. coli/100 ml), even after domestic treatment. These findings underscore the need for enhanced water quality monitoring and improved water management policies across borders to address microbial contamination and protect public health.
In Situ Assessment of Rare Earth Ore Grades and Veins in Rare Earth Mining via Portable X‐Ray Fluorescence and Gamma‐Ray Spectrometry
Authors: Ge Liquan , Xiong Maolin , Wang Meng , Liu Hongwu , Gu Yi , Yu Peng , Deng Zhipeng , Wen Long , Chen Zekuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a method for the in situ assessment of rare earth ore grades and veins via x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and gamma‐ray spectrometry is discussed. Experiments were carried out on the Maoniuping rare earth deposit of Sichuan Province. The measurement results reveal that the contents of La and Ce in the rare earth vein are significantly greater than those in the other measurement areas, with the highest content of Ce being 3.31% and the highest content of La being 2.1%. Additionally, the contents of uranium and thorium corresponding to the rare earth vein are significant greater than those in the other measurement areas, and the rare earth elements La and Ce are symbiotic or associated with the radioactive elements U and Th. The accuracy of the in situ measurement results is verified via ICP–OES and laboratory low‐background gamma‐ray spectrum measurements. This method can be used to delineate ore veins and guide rare earth mining.
Using Neural Network for Improving an Explicit Algebraic Stress Model in 2D Flow
Authors: Davidson Lars 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeural Network (NN) is used to improve an Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM). The turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation are predicted using the standard $$k-\omega $$

k
-
ω

model. The NN model is trained in channel flow of $$Re_\tau = 10{,}000$$

R

e
τ

=
10
,
000

. The NN model is stored to disk and subsequently loaded into the CFD code. The NN model is called every iteration to compute the $$\beta $$
β
coefficients in the EARSM, i.e. the CFD solver and the NN model are fully coupled. The Reynolds stresses are used in the momentum equations and the production term in the k and $$\omega $$
ω
equations. It is found that when training the NN model, the target data cannot only be taken from DNS. The reason is that the stress-strain relation and the turbulent kinetic energy of the DNS data are different from those of the $$k-\omega $$

k
-
ω

model. Hence, the target data are taken both from DNS and a $$k-\omega $$

k
-
ω

simulation. The new EARSM-NN model is used for predicting channel flow at $$Re_\tau = 2000, 5200$$

R

e
τ

=
2000
,
5200

and 10, 000 and flat-plate boundary layer at $$2500 \le Re_\theta \le 8000$$

2500
≤
R

e
θ

≤
8000

. The EARSM-NN model gives much better results than the standard EARSM.
FGF receptor kinase inhibitors exhibit broad antiviral activity by targeting Src family kinases
Authors: Stefanova Debora , Olszewski Dominik , Glitscher Mirco , Bauer Michael , Ferrarese Luca , Wüst Daria , Hildt Eberhard , Greber Urs F. , Werner Sabine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of antiviral strategies is a key task of biomedical research, but broad-spectrum virus inhibitors are scarce. Here we show that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce infection of several cell types with DNA and RNA viruses by blocking early stages of infection, but not viral cell association. Unexpectedly, their antiviral activity was largely independent of FGFR kinase inhibition. RNA profiling showed upregulation of interferon response genes by FGFR inhibitors, but their expression did not correlate with the antiviral activity in infected cells. Using bioinformatics analysis of kinome data, targeted kinase assays, siRNA-mediated knock-down and pharmacological inhibition experiments, we show that blockade of Src family kinases, in particular Lyn, is mainly responsible for the antiviral activity of FGFR inhibitors. These results identify FGFR inhibitors as broad-spectrum antiviral agents and suggest the poorly studied Lyn kinase as a promising target for the treatment of viral infections.
On von Neumann’s inequality on the polydisc
Authors: Hartz Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiven a d-tuple T of commuting contractions on Hilbert space and a polynomial p in d-variables, we seek upper bounds for the norm of the operator p(T). Results of von Neumann and Andô show that if $$d=1$$

d
=
1

or $$d=2$$

d
=
2

, the upper bound $$\Vert p(T)\Vert \le \Vert p\Vert _\infty $$

‖
p

(
T
)

‖

≤

‖
p
‖

∞

, holds, where the supremum norm is taken over the polydisc $$\mathbb {D}^d$$

D

d

. We show that for $$d=3$$

d
=
3

, there exists a universal constant C such that $$\Vert p(T)\Vert \le C \Vert p\Vert _\infty $$

‖
p

(
T
)

‖

≤

C
‖
p
‖

∞

for every homogeneous polynomial p. We also show that for general d and arbitrary polynomials, the norm $$\Vert p(T)\Vert $$

‖
p
(
T
)
‖

is dominated by a certain Besov-type norm of p.
Development and validation of a radiopathomics model for predicting liver metastases of colorectal cancer
Authors: Jing Han-Hui , Hao Di , Liu Xue-Jun , Cui Ming-Juan , Xue Kui-Jin , Wang Dong-Sheng , Zhang Jun-Hao , Lu Yun , Tian Guang-Ye , Liu Shang-Long 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To compare the ability of a model based on CT radiomics features, a model based on clinical data, and a fusion model based on a combination of both radiomics and clinical data to predict the risk of liver metastasis after surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods
Two hundred and twelve patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer were divided into a training set (n = 148) and a validation set (n = 64). Radiomics features from the most recent CT scans and clinical data obtained before surgery were extracted. Random forest models were trained to predict tumors with clinical data and evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and other metrics on the validation set.

Results
Fourteen features were selected to establish the radiomics model, which yielded an AUC of 0.751 for the training set and an AUC of 0.714 for the test set. The fusion model, based on a combination of the radiomics signature and clinical data, showed good performance in both the training set (AUC 0.952) and the test set (AUC 0.761).

Conclusion
We have developed a fusion model that integrates radiomics features with clinical data. This fusion model could serve as a non-invasive, reliable, and accurate tool for the preoperative prediction of liver metastases after surgery for colorectal cancer.

Key Points
QuestionCan a radiomics and clinical fusion model improve the prediction of liver metastases in colorectal cancer and help optimize clinical decision-making?
FindingsThe presented fusion model combining CT radiomics and clinical data showed superior accuracy in predicting colorectal cancer liver metastases compared to single models.
Clinical relevanceOur study provides a non-invasive, relatively accurate method for predicting the risk of liver metastasis, improving personalized treatment decisions, and enhancing preoperative planning and prognosis management in colorectal cancer patients.
Comparison of early postoperative recovery in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery before and after ERAS® implementation—a single center three-armed cohort study
Authors: Knab Katharina , Aurnhammer Leon , Büttner Sylvia , Seyfried Steffen , Herrle Florian , Reissfelder Christoph , Vassilev Georgi , Hardt Julia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) on patient recovery after elective colorectal surgery. The innovative PostopQRS™ tool was used for the analysis of patient recovery.

Methods
This single-center study compares three cohorts: two retrospective cohorts before (A) and after (B) ERAS® implementation and a prospective cohort post-ERAS® implementation (C) using PostopQRS™. The present study was prospectively registered in the German Register of Clinical Trials (DRKS00026903).

Results
A total of 153 patients were included from June 2020 to February 2022. Significant differences were observed in bowel function, oral food intake, opioid use, and PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting) occurrence. By the day of discharge, 98% in cohorts B and C had bowel movements or stoma output, compared to 66% in cohort A (p < 0.001). Solid food intake on POD1 was higher in cohorts B and C (p = 0.025), while opioid use was lower (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). Cohort C showed 90% recovery on discharge.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates improved early mobility, reduced need for opioids, a higher rate of patients with solid food intake on POD1, and earlier bowel movement as well as excellent recovery following the colorectal ERAS® implementation.