bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspectos de la competencia digital para la empleabilidad//Digital competence aspects for employability
Authors: Juárez Arall Jordi , Marqués Molías Luis 
Published: August 2019

RESUMEN El veloz desarrollo de las TIC durante los últimos años y su nivel de penetración en nuestra sociedad ha llevado a una digitalización progresiva que está transformando profundamente el mercado laboral. Existen una serie de aspectos de la competencia digital que se han vuelto esenciales para poder acceder a la mayor parte de canales de búsqueda de empleo y, por lo tanto, para poder acceder al mercado laboral con mayor éxito y autonomía. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar esos aspectos más necesarios para hacer uso de los principales canales de búsqueda de empleo.Para lograr este objetivo hemos consultado diversas propuestas para la clasificación de habilidades y conocimientos ligados a la competencia digital y hemos elaborado nuestra propia clasificación seleccionando los aspectos que consideramos más necesarios para el acceso y utilización autónoma de los canales de búsqueda de empleo; hemos recogido una relación lo más amplia posible de los canales más relevantes en la actualidad para la búsqueda de empleo y hemos analizado el papel que juegan los aspectos de la competencia digital seleccionados en cada uno de ellos. A través de la valoración de cinco expertos en el campo de la orientación laboral y la empleabilidad, hemos obtenido un listado de aspectos de la competencia digital esenciales para la búsqueda de empleo y un listado de canales de búsqueda de empleo.Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten sentar base para futuras investigaciones en el marco de la orientación laboral así como valorar la importancia de la CD en la búsqueda de empleo.ABSTRACT The fast development of ICT in recent years and its level of penetration in our society has led to a progressive digitalization that is profoundly transforming the labor market. There are a number of aspects of digital competence that have become essential to be able to access most job search channels and, therefore, to be able to access the labor market with greater success and autonomy. The objective of this article is to identify those aspects most necessary to make use of the main job search channels.To achieve this goal we have consulted various proposals for the classification of skills and knowledge linked to digital competence and we have developed our own classification by selecting the aspects that we consider most necessary for access and autonomous use of job search channels; we have collected the broadest possible relationship of the most relevant channels currently for job search and we have analyzed the role played by the aspects of digital competence selected in each one of them.Through the assessment of five experts in the field of employment guidance and employability, we have obtained a list of aspects of digital competence essential for job search.
Valoración del nuevo modelo de orientación implementado en la comunidad autónoma de Cantabria por parte de los orientadores educativos//Evaluation of the new counseling model carried out in Cantabria by guidance teachers
Authors: López Díez-Caballero María Esther , Manzano-Soto Nuria 
Published: August 2019

RESUMENSe presentan los resultados de un estudio empírico, cuya finalidad es analizar el nivel de satisfacción y las dificultades que encuentran los orientadores de Cantabria. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en analizar el nuevo modelo de orientación implantado en Cantabria a partir del curso escolar 2005-06, que se desvía del modelo LOGSE, aunque sin llegar a abandonarlo completamente. Los orientadores constituyen una pieza clave en el modelo de orientación de esta comunidad. Se analizará este nuevo modelo de orientación mediante las opiniones vertidas por ellos y las propuestas que sugieren para mejorarlo.En la metodología se adopta un enfoque cualitativo que permite triangular la información, realizada a través de cuestionarios, entrevistas y grupos de discusión. Han colaborado 12 centros de Cantabria y los 6 EOEPs que existen en la Comunidad. Han participado 62 orientadores en el estudio empírico completo. También se han aplicado cuestionarios a directores y tutores de primaria y secundaria que se analizan en otros trabajos. La falta de tiempo para realizar todas las funciones atribuidas al orientador aparece como principal dificultad, seguida de la complejidad de las necesidades del alumnado y de la excesiva dependencia del orientador en actuaciones que pueden realizar de forma autónoma los docentes.ABSTRACT We present the first results of an empirical study, whose purpose is to analyze the level of satisfaction and difficulties encountered by guidance teachers from Cantabria. The aim of this the study is to analyze the new counseling model carried out in Cantabria from the 2005-6 school year, which deviates from the LOGSE model but does not completely abandon it. Guidance teachers are a key element in the counseling model of this community. This new counseling model will be analyzed as a result of the opinions expressed by them and their proposals to improve it.From the methodological point of view, a qualitative approach is adopted to triangulate the information, carried out through questionnaires, interviews and discussion groups. Twelve centers from Cantabria and all the guidance teacher groups of the Community have collaborated in the project. 62 primary and secondary guidance teachers participated in the whole study. Questionnaires, which are analyzed in other studies, have also been applied to primary and secondary school principals and tutors. The lack of time to perform all the functions attributed to the counselor appears as a key difficulty, followed by the complexity of the students' needs and the excessive dependence on guidance teachers.
Billedindeksering og sociale medier
Authors: Ørnager Susanne , Lund Haakon 
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on the methodologies, organization, and communication of digital image collection research that utilizes social media content. “Image” is here understood as a cultural, conventional, and commercial—stock photo—representation. Two methodologies i.e. PRISMA and Grounded Theory are employed to examine, categorize and analyze images and comprehend how humans consider them. The literature review covers research since 2005, when major social media platforms emerged. It demonstrates that the images on social media have not changed the overall direction of research into image indexing and retrieval, though new topics on crowdsourcing and tagging have emerged in it. A citation analysis includes an overview of co-citation maps that demonstrate the nexus of image research literature and the journals in which they appear. The results point to new possibilities influencing the research by providing large image collections as new testbeds for improving or testing research hypothesis on a new scale.
L’impact de la fragmentation des mémoires collectives nationales sur la politique étrangère : le cas de la France
Authors: Sangar Éric 
Published: August 2019

Comment les changements dans les conditions de la gouvernance des mémoires collectives nationales influencent-ils la politique étrangère ? Le recours à des représentations du passé partagées à un niveau intersubjectif constitue une ressource pour la prise de décision et pour la justification de la politique étrangère. Dans cette optique, cet article identifie cinq facteurs qui amenuisent la capacité des gouvernements de régir les mémoires nationales et en explore deux conséquences principales. Tout d’abord, l’utilité justificatrice du recours à l’histoire est de plus en plus limitée. Ensuite, la disparition d’une mémoire collective consensuelle peut conduire à l’émergence du « présentisme » comme mode de temporalité dominant dans les processus de décision. Cette réflexion est illustrée par une analyse empirique du cas de la France, pays dont la politique étrangère se distingue par une forte tradition du recours à l’histoire nationale.
2018 YPIC Challenge: A case study in characterizing an unknown protein sample
Authors: Pino Lindsay , Lin Andy , Bittremieux Wout 
Published: August 2019

For the 2018 YPIC Challenge contestants were invited to try to decipher two unknown English questions encoded by a synthetic protein expressed in Escherichia coli. In addition to deciphering the sentence, contestants were asked to determine the 3D structure and detect any post-translation modifications left by the host organism.
We present our experimental and computational strategy to characterize this sample by identifying the unknown protein sequence and detecting the presence of post-translational modifications. The sample was acquired with dynamic exclusion disabled to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured molecules, after which spectral clustering was used to generate high-quality consensus spectra. De novo spectrum identification was used to determine the synthetic protein sequence, and any post-translational modifications introduced by E. coli on the synthetic protein were analyzed via spectral networking. This workflow resulted in a de novo sequence coverage of 70%, on par with sequence database searching performance. Additionally, the spectral networking analysis indicated that no systematic modifications were introduced on the synthetic protein by E. coli.
The strategy presented here can be directly used to analyze samples for which no protein sequence information is available or when the identity of the sample is unknown. All software and code to perform the bioinformatics analysis is available as open source, and self-contained Jupyter notebooks are provided to fully recreate the analysis.
Candidate genes in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaves associated with rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br) stress
Authors: Echeverría-Beirute Fabián , Murray Seth C. , Bertrand Benoit , Klein Patricia E. 
Published: August 2019

Background. Coffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br, is one of the most threatening diseases for Coffea arabica L. It is hypothesized that host tolerance to CLR relies on non-race-specific resistance genes.
Methods. This study evaluated gene expression in leaves of two susceptible coffee cultivars (one inbred and one F1 hybrid) under different stress conditions: rust control (fungicide and untreated) and fruit thinning (thinned and un-thinned) treatments. RNA-seq analysis focused on the association of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with CLR and associated the effect of the most significant genes into the phenotype, using regression and prediction statistical models.
Results. Gene expression and gene ontology (GO) analysis allowed identification of 100 genes associated with quantitative traits. From these, 88 were correlated with rust incidence, rust severity, and rust sporulation. The expression of genes coding for pathogenesis-related proteins increased positively with rust incidence in the inbred, while genes involved in homoeostasis and broader cell wall structuring processes were upregulated in the F1 hybrid. The enriched gene functions and associations revealed that a possible hypersensitive response (HR) in the inbred and a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the F1 hybrid were involved in the tolerance mechanisms to CLR stress. This is the first study to demonstrate the specific interactions between CLR and host at a molecular level, useful for identifying control targets for breeding perennial species.
Digital Signatures
Authors: Brøvig Ragnhild , Danielsen Anne 
Published: August 2019

How sonically distinctive digital “signatures”—including reverb, glitches, and autotuning—affect the aesthetics of popular music, analyzed in works by Prince, Lady Gaga, and others.
Is digital production killing the soul of music? Is Auto-Tune the nadir of creative expression? Digital technology has changed not only how music is produced, distributed, and consumed but also—equally important but not often considered—how music sounds. In this book, Ragnhild Brøvig and Anne Danielsen examine the impact of digitization on the aesthetics of popular music. They investigate sonically distinctive “digital signatures”—musical moments when the use of digital technology is revealed to the listener. The particular signatures of digital mediation they examine include digital reverb and delay, MIDI and sampling, digital silence, the virtual cut-and-paste tool, digital glitches, microrhythmic manipulation, and autotuning—all of which they analyze in specific works by popular artists.
Combining technical and historical knowledge of music production with musical analyses, aesthetic interpretations, and theoretical discussions, Brøvig and Danielsen offer unique insights into how digitization has changed the sound of popular music and the listener's experience of it. For example, they show how digital reverb and delay have allowed experimentation with spatiality by analyzing Kate Bush's “Get Out of My House”; they examine the contrast between digital silence and the low-tech noises of tape hiss or vinyl crackle in Portishead's “Stranger”; and they describe the development of Auto-Tune—at first a tool for pitch correction—into an artistic effect, citing work by various hip-hop artists, Bon Iver, and Lady Gaga.
The Archived Web
Authors: Brügger Niels 
Published: August 2019

An original methodological framework for approaching the archived web, both as a source and as an object of study in its own right.
As life continues to move online, the web becomes increasingly important as a source for understanding the past. But historians have yet to formulate a methodology for approaching the archived web as a source of study. How should the history of the present be written? In this book, Niels Brügger offers an original methodological framework for approaching the web of the past, both as a source and as an object of study in its own right.
While many studies of the web focus solely on its use and users, Brügger approaches the archived web as a semiotic, textual system in order to offer the first book-length treatment of its scholarly use. While the various forms of the archived web can challenge researchers' interactions with it, they also present a range of possibilities for interpretation. The Archived Web identifies characteristics of the online web that are significant now for scholars, investigates how the online web became the archived web, and explores how the particular digitality of the archived web can affect a historian's research process. Brügger offers suggestions for how to translate traditional historiographic methods for the study of the archived web, focusing on provenance, creating an overview of the archived material, evaluating versions, and citing the material. TheArchived Web lays the foundations for doing web history in the digital age, offering important and timely guidance for today's media scholars and tomorrow's historians.
Dream City
Authors: Kickert Conrad 
Published: August 2019

Tracing two centuries of rise, fall, and rebirth in the heart of downtown Detroit.
Downtown Detroit is in the midst of an astonishing rebirth. Its sidewalks have become a dreamland for an aspiring creative class, filled with shoppers, office workers, and restaurant-goers. Cranes dot the skyline, replacing the wrecking balls seen there only a few years ago. But venture a few blocks in any direction and this liveliness gives way to urban blight, a nightmare cityscape of crumbling concrete, barbed wire, and debris. In Dream City, urban designer Conrad Kickert examines the paradoxes of Detroit's landscape of extremes, arguing that the current reinvention of downtown is the expression of two centuries of Detroiters' conflicting hopes and dreams. Kickert demonstrates the materialization of these dreams with a series of detailed original morphological maps that trace downtown's rise, fall, and rebirth.
Kickert writes that downtown Detroit has always been different from other neighborhoods; it grew faster than other parts of the city, and it declined differently, forced to reinvent itself again and again. Downtown has been in constant battle with its own offspring—the automobile and the suburbs the automobile enabled—and modernized itself though parking attrition and land consolidation. Dream City is populated by a varied cast of downtown power players, from a 1920s parking lot baron to the pizza tycoon family and mortgage billionaire who control downtown's fate today. Even the most renowned planners and designers have consistently yielded to those with power, land, and finances to shape downtown. Kickert thus finds rhyme and rhythm in downtown's contemporary cacophony.
Kickert argues that Detroit's case is extreme but not unique; many other American cities have seen a similar decline—and many others may see a similar revitalization.
Being and Neonness
Authors: De Miranda Luis 
Published: August 2019

A cultural and philosophical history of neon, from Paris in the twentieth century to the perpetually switched-on present day.
For most of us, the word neon conjures images of lights, colors, nightlife, and streets. It evokes the poetry of city nights. For Luis de Miranda, neon is a subject of philosophical curiosity. Being and Neonness is a cultural and philosophical history of neon, from early twentieth-century Paris to the electric, perpetually switched-on present day Manhattan. It is an inspired journey through a century of night, deciphering the halos of the past and the reflections of the present to shed light on the future.
Invented in Paris in 1912, neon first appeared on a modest but arresting sign outside a small barbershop; the sign lit up number 14, Boulevard Montmartre, attracting so many passersby that the barber's revenues soon doubled. A century later, neon is no longer just a sign; it is a mythic object—a metonymy of contemporary identity and a metaphor for the present, signifying the ubiquity of commerce and the tautology of hypermodernity. But perhaps the noble gas of neon whispers something more, something deeper? In ten short, poetic yet precise chapters, de Miranda explores the neon lights of the twentieth century. He considers, among other historical curiosities, the neon compulsions of the Italian Futurists; the Soviet program of “neonization”; the Nazi's deployment of neon for propaganda purposes; Baudelaire's “halo” and Benjamin's “aura”; neon as a gas and crystallized chaos; neon and power; neon and capitalism—all of this backlit by an original reading of Sartre's Being and Nothingness. This English edition has been thoroughly revised and adapted from the French edition, L'être et le neon.
The Body and the Screen
Authors: White Michele 
Published: August 2019

Rethinking the interface: how the Internet/computer spectator is engaged, rendered, and regulated; theoretical models and case studies that range from text-based and graphical communication settings and women's webcams to male programmer's physical and psychic pain.
Internet and computer users are often represented onscreen as active and empowered—as in AOL's striding yellow figure and the interface hand that appears to manipulate software and hypertext links. In The Body and the Screen Michele White suggests that users can more properly be understood as spectators rendered and regulated by technologies and representations, for whom looking and the mediation of the screen are significant aspects of engagement. Drawing on apparatus and feminist psychoanalytic film theories, art history, gender studies, queer theory, critical race and postcolonial studies, and other theories of cultural production, White conceptualizes Internet and computer spectatorship and provides theoretical models that can be employed in other analyses. She offers case studies and close visual and textual analysis of the construction of spectatorship in different settings. White shows that despite the onscreen promise of empowerment and coherence (through depictions of materiality that structure the experience), fragmentation and confusion are constant aspects of Internet spectatorship. She analyzes spectatorship in multi-user object-oriented settings (MOOs) by examining the textual process of looking and gazing, contrasts the experiences of the women's webcam spectator and operator, describes intentional technological failures in net art, and considers ways in which traditional conceptions of artistry, authorship, and production techniques persist in Internet and computer settings (as seen in the creation of virtual environment avatars and in digital imaging art). Finally, she analyzes the physical and psychic pain described by male programmers in Internet forums as another counternarrative to the common tale of the empowered user. Spectatorship, White argues, not only affects the way specific interfaces are understood but also helps shape larger conceptions of self and society.
Communication Complexity
Authors: Karchmer Mauricio 
Published: August 2019

Communication Complexity describes a new intuitive model for studying circuit networks that captures the essence of circuit depth. Although the complexity of boolean functions has been studied for almost 4 decades, the main problems the inability to show a separation of any two classes, or to obtain nontrivial lower bounds remain unsolved. The communication complexity approach provides clues as to where to took for the heart of complexity and also sheds light on how to get around the difficulty of proving lower bounds. Karchmer's approach looks at a computation device as one that separates the words of a language from the non-words. It views computation in a top down fashion, making explicit the idea that flow of information is a crucial term for understanding computation. Within this new setting, Communication Complexity gives simpler proofs to old results and demonstrates the usefulness of the approach by presenting a depth lower bound for st-connectivity. Karchmer concludes by proposing open problems which point toward proving a general depth lower bound.
Communication Complexity received the 1988 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.
Concurrent Constraint Programming
Authors: Saraswat Vijay A. 
Published: August 2019

Concurrent Constraint Programming introduces a new and rich class of programming languages based on the notion of computing with partial information, or constraints, that synthesize and extend work on concurrent logic programming and that offer a promising approach for treating thorny issues in the semantics of concurrent, nondeterministic programming languages.
Saraswat develops an elegant and semantically tractable framework for computing with constraints, emphasizing their importance for communication and control in concurrent, programming languages. He describes the basic paradigm, illustrates its structure, discusses various augmentations, gives a simple implementation of a concrete language, and specifies its connections with other formalisms. In this framework, concurrently executing agents communicate by placing and checking constraints on shared variables in a common store. The major form of concurrency control in the system is through the operations of Atomic Tell—an agent may instantaneously place constraints only if they are consistent with constraints that have already been placed—and Blocking Ask—an agent must block when it checks a constraint that is not yet known to hold. Other operations at a finer granularity of atomicity are also presented.
Saraswat introduces and develops the concurrent constraint family of programming languages based on these ideas, shows how various constraint systems can naturally realize data structures common in computer science, and presents a formal operational semantics for many languages in the concurrent constraint family. In addition, he provides a concrete realization of the paradigm on a sequential machine by presenting a compiler for the concurrent constraint language Herbrand and demonstrates a number of constraint-based concurrent programming techniques that lead to novel presentations of algorithms for many concurrent programming problems.