bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bureaucratic power in note‐writing: authoritative expertise within the state
Authors: Mangset Marte , Asdal Kristin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhat produces the power of senior civil servants at ministries of finance, positioned at the top of the bureaucratic hierarchy? Max Weber has claimed that a hierarchical organization, meritocratic recruitment and procedural work provide bureaucracies with legitimacy. In particular he insisted on the role of Fachwissen (disciplinary knowledge) obtained through formal education. However, he also argued for the role of Dienstwissen, forms of knowledge and skills stemming from the experience of service in itself. Weber did not elaborate on this concept in detail, and few analysts of governmental expertise have examined this notion. We draw on the practice‐turn in sociology, combining the study of governmental expertise with micro‐sociological studies of administrative practices. By analysing interviews with 48 senior civil servants at the British, French and Norwegian ministries of finance about their daily practices, this article demonstrates that bureaucratic note‐writing and the procedural evaluation of such notes constitute a key form of expertise that yields authority. The study provides an analytical framework for understanding what administrative expertise consists of, how it is integral to procedural work, the forms bureaucratic hierarchies take in practice and how these three dimensions provide authority.
A Systems Approach to Biometrics in the Military Domain
Authors: Wilson Lauren , Gahan Michelle , Lennard Chris , Robertson James 
Published: February 2018

AbstractForensic biometrics is the application of forensic science principles to physical and behavioral characteristics. Forensic biometrics is a secondary sub‐system in the forensic science “system of systems,” which describes forensic science as a sub‐system in the larger criminal justice, law enforcement, intelligence, and military system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss biometrics in the military domain and integration into the wider forensic science system of systems. The holistic system thinking methodology was applied to the U.S. biometric system to map it to the system of systems framework. The U.S. biometric system is used as a case study to help guide other countries to develop military biometric systems that are integrated and interoperable at the whole‐of‐government level. The aim is to provide the system of systems framework for agencies to consider for proactive design of biometric systems.
The Influence of Adding Spices to Reduced Sugar Foods on Overall Liking
Authors: Peters John C. , Marker Ryan , Pan Zhaoxing , Breen Jeanne Anne , Hill James O. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractReducing sugar intake is a major public health goal but many consumers are reluctant to use low calorie sweeteners. Two studies were conducted in healthy adults aged 18 to 65 to investigate whether addition of culinary spices to foods reduced in sugar could preserve hedonic liking. Test foods, black tea, oatmeal, and apple crisp, were prepared in full sugar (FS), reduced sugar (RS), and reduced sugar with spice (RSS) versions. Sugar reductions were 100%, 35%, and 37% for tea, oatmeal, and apple crisp, respectively. In Study 1, 160 subjects rated absolute liking of FS, RS, and RSS versions of a breakfast of oatmeal and tea and an afternoon snack of apple crisp on consecutive weeks. In Study 2, 150 subjects rated relative liking of all 3 versions of one food at the same seating, with different foods tested 1 wk apart. Liking was assessed using a 9‐point Likert scale. Both studies yielded similar results. For all 3 test items, liking was significantly higher for FS than for RS (P< 0.03). For tea, addition of spices did not significantly improve liking in either study. For oatmeal, addition of spices did not consistently improve liking compared to RS. For apple crisp, relative liking of RSS was not different then FS. These results indicate that it is possible to preserve the hedonic pleasure of a reduced sugar version of a dessert food, apple crisp, by addition of culinary spices. This may be a promising strategy to reduce sugar in some foods without using low calorie sweeteners.Practical ApplicationReducing sugar consumption is an important public health goal. Many consumers are reluctant to use low calorie sweeteners and alternative approaches are needed. Using culinary spices to enhance the flavor of foods may allow sugar reduction while still preserving acceptable overall liking.
Intraguild interactions between two biological control agents in citrus fruit: implications for biological control of medfly
Authors: Tormos J. , Beitia F. , Asís J.D. , de Pedro L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe parasitoid waspSpalangia cameroniand the predatory beetlePseudoophonus rufipeshave long been studied for use as biological control agents against the Mediterranean fruit flyCeratitis capitata,particularly in citrus fruit orchards. Nevertheless, these two species of natural enemies, when competing for a common resource, may experience intraguild predation (IGP) interactions. These possible interactions, affecting parasitism and predation, have been evaluated in the present work, under laboratory conditions, through potential changes in functional response. Regarding host/prey density, both natural enemies, when acting alone, showed a type II functional response. Nevertheless, due to IGP,S. cameroni, in the presence ofP. rufipes, showed a higher fertility rate and a type III functional response. The parasitism behaviour ofS. cameroniwas affected by the presence of the predator, reducing the host handling time. Conversely, the parasitism rate ofS. cameronidid not vary in the presence ofP. rufipesbut the degree of superparasitism decreased and led to an increased fertility rate and an increasingly female‐biased sex ratio. Meanwhile, the predatory efficiency ofP. rufipeswas not affected by the presence ofS. cameronibut discrimination between parasitised and unparasitised pupae ofC. capitata, with a preference for the latter, was reported for this predator species. Our results suggest that in biological control programmes, the use of only one of these species is recommended at low infestation levels, whilst at high densities of the pest, the combination of both natural enemies seems to be the most appropriate strategy.
The ecophysiology of apple snails in rice: implications for crop management and policy
Authors: Horgan F.G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis review relates the ecology and physiology of apple snails (Ampullariidae) to their impact on rice‐production systems. Two species in particular, Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata, have been introduced to several rice‐growing regions. Flooded rice systems represent a high‐quality habitat for these apple snails because of similarities in the environmental conditions (water temperature, salinity, pH, water flow velocity) necessary for both rice production and for snail survival and development. Furthermore, amphibious respiration, a capacity to aestivate during dry periods, as well as cold acclimation and tolerance (particularly in P. canaliculata), increases the resilience of apple snails to rice farming practices, including agrochemical applications, intermittent drainage and crop rotations – under a wide range of climatic conditions. Risks to regional rice production depend on four principal factors: these are (a) regional climate, (b) regional rice‐production systems, (c) prevailing production practices, and (4) the presence/absence of invasive, non‐native apple snails. Based on these criteria, lowland irrigated rice in tropical and subtropical regions that is wet‐direct seeded is most vulnerable to damage from both native and non‐native apple snails (albeit with greater losses from non‐native snails because of normally higher densities). Adequate quarantine regulations, particularly in vulnerable tropical regions that are adjacent to centres of recent outbreaks (e.g. India and Bangladesh adjacent to Myanmar, Peru and Colombia adjacent to Ecuador) and attention to the preparedness of farming systems could reduce potential impacts as these highly invasive snails continue to spread. The urgent development of labour‐saving crop‐establishment methods that reduce dependencies on chemical molluscicides is necessary to achieve sustainable rice production in regions at risk from non‐native apple snails.
Relying on the heuristic of trust: a case study
Authors: Bruhn Aaron 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study examines the reliance on trust as a heuristic by individuals when making personal financial decisions, using a qualitative case study. We show that in the face of complexity and choice, individual investors predominantly resorted to the heuristic of trust to make financial decisions. This demonstrates the need for industry and public policy‐makers to be aware that individuals can and will resort to simplified heuristics as a basis for financial decision‐making, particularly within an environment where substantial complexity and choice exist.
Diagnostic value of the cardiac electrical biomarker, a novel ECG marker indicating myocardial injury, in patients with symptoms suggestive of non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Strebel Ivo , Twerenbold Raphael , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Abächerli Roger , Rubini Giménez Maria , Wildi Karin , Grimm Karin , Puelacher Christian , Badertscher Patrick , Sabti Zaid , Breitenbücher Dominik , Jann Janina , Selman Farah , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Schaerli Nicolas , Nestelberger Thomas , Stelzig Claudia , Freese Michael , Schumacher Lukas , Osswald Stefan , Mueller Christian , Reichlin Tobias 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe cardiac electrical biomarker (CEB) is a novel electrocardiographic (ECG) marker quantifying the dipolar activity of the heart with higher levels indicating myocardial injury.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 1097 patients presenting with suspected non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) to the emergency department (ED). Digital 12‐lead ECGs were recorded at presentation and the CEB values were calculated in a blinded fashion. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. The prognostic endpoint was all‐cause mortality during 2 years of follow‐up.ResultsNSTEMI was the final diagnosis in 14% of patients. CEB levels were higher in patients with NSTEMI compared to other causes of chest pain (median 44 (IQR 21–98) vs. 30 (IQR 16–61), p < .001). A weak but significant correlation between levels of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) at admission to the ED and the CEB was found (r = .23, p < .001). The use of the CEB in addition to conventional ECG criteria improved the diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of NSTEMI as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve from 0.66 to 0.71 (p < .001) and the sensitivity improved from 43% to 79% (p < .001).ConclusionIn conclusion, the CEB, an ECG marker of myocardial injury, significantly improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the ECG for the diagnosis of NSTEMI.
The use of anti‐Müllerian hormone for controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology, fertility assessment and ‐counseling
Authors: Pilsgaard Fie , Grynnerup Anna G.‐A. , Løssl Kristine , Bungum Leif , Pinborg Anja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOvarian reserve can be determined by serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level and/or antral follicle count before controlled ovarian stimulation. The aim of controlled ovarian stimulation is to achieve an appropriate number of mature follicles and avoid complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Measurement of the ovarian reserve is useful for clinicians as it predicts the ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation. Further, it assists in giving the patient realistic expectations regarding the treatment. By determining the ovarian reserve, the most appropriate stimulation protocol and gonadotropin dose can be chosen specifically for each woman enabling so‐called “individualized treatment” in line with the personalized treatment concept. Many benefits come with using AMH as a biomarker for ovarian reserve; the hormone is considered fairly cycle independent apart from a small decrease in the late follicular phase and there is no inter‐observer variance. However, the use of AMH also has limitations; since the implementation of AMH in fertility treatment several AMH assays have been developed. This has made direct comparisons of AMH serum levels complicated. Currently, no international standardized assays exist. AMH is a valid predictor of the ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation and to some extent the chance of pregnancy in relation to assisted reproductive technology, but AMH is less optimal in prediction of spontaneous pregnancy and live birth after assisted reproductive technology. Accordingly, AMH can be used to optimize gonadotropin stimulation in fertility treatment, but is not recommended as a screening tool in the general population.
Bridging to a Long‐Term Ventricular Assist Device With Short‐Term Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Kurihara Chitaru , Kawabori Masashi , Sugiura Tadahisa , Critsinelis Andre C. , Wang Suwei , Cohn William E. , Civitello Andrew B. , Frazier O. H. , Morgan Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractImplanting short‐term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices as a bridge‐to‐decision is increasingly popular. However, outcomes have not been well studied in patients who receive short‐term MCS before receiving long‐term left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. We analyzed outcomes in our single‐center experience with long‐term continuous‐flow (CF)‐LVAD recipients with pre‐implantation short‐term MCS. From November 2003 through March 2016, 526 patients (mean age, 54.7 ± 13.5 years) with chronic heart failure (mean ejection fraction, 21.7 ± 3.6%) underwent implantation of either the HeartMate II (n = 403) or the HeartWare device (n = 123). Before implantation, 269 patients received short‐term MCS with the TandemHeart, the Impella 2.5/5.0, an intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP), venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO), or the CentriMag. The short‐term MCS patients were compared with the CF‐LVAD–only patients regarding preoperative demographics, incidence of postoperative complications, and long‐term survival. The 269 patients received the following short‐term MCS devices: 57 TandemHeart, 27 Impella, 172 IABP, 12 VA‐ECMO, and 1 CentriMag. Survival at 30 days, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was 94.2, 87.2, 79.4, and 72.4%, respectively, for CF‐LVAD–only patients versus 91.0, 78.1, 73.4, and 65.6%, respectively, for short‐term MCS + CF‐LVAD patients (P = 0.17). Within the short‐term MCS group, survival at 24 months was poorest for patients supported with VA‐ECMO or the TandemHeart (P = 0.03 for both), and survival across all four time points was poorest for patients supported with VA‐ECMO (P = 0.02). Short‐term MCS was not an independent predictor of mortality in multivariate Cox regression models (hazard ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.84–1.49, P = 0.43). In conclusion, we found that using short‐term MCS therapy—except for VA‐ECMO—as a bridge to long‐term CF‐LVAD support was not associated with poorer survival.
Generation of anti‐porcine CD69 monoclonal antibodies and their usefulness to evaluate early activation of cellular immunity by flow cytometric analysis
Authors: Hayashi Yumiko , Okutani Mie , Ogawa Shohei , Tsukahara Takamitsu , Inoue Ryo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractT cell‐mediated cellular immunity and humoral immunity are equally important for the prevention of diseases. To assess activation of human and mouse cellular immunity, early activation markers of lymphocytes are often used in flow cytometry targeting expression of CD69 molecules. Response of humoral immunity against infection or vaccination has been well investigated in pigs, but that of cellular immunity has been largely neglected due to lack of direct evaluation tools. Thus, in pig research a proper assay of antibody reacted with porcine CD69 is still unavailable. In the present study, two anti‐porcine CD69 mAb‐producing mouse hybridomas, 01‐14‐22‐51 (IgG2b–κ) and 01‐22‐44‐102 (IgG2a–κ), both showing fine reactivity with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and ionomycin‐stimulated porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes in flow cytometry, were established. When porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated with PMA and ionomycin and analyzed by flow cytometry, it was found that both mAbs generated in this study stained about 70% of lymphocytes. In contrast, after an identical procedure, only 5% and 13.5% of lymphocytes were stained with anti‐interferon‐γ mAb and anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α mAb, respectively. These results indicate that evaluation of cellular immunity activation turns more sensitive after using our newly generated mAbs.
Reproduction of the introduced oyster Crassostrea gigas (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) cultured on rafts in Spain
Authors: Antonio Ícaro G. , Camacho Alejandro P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe oyster Crassostrea gigas was introduced in Spain for aquaculture purposes; however, until now, it is not known whether populations are established in the wild, being necessary to define whether this species is spawning and which environmental variables trigger this process. The influence of environmental parameters on the reproduction of C. gigas was evaluated from January 2008 to October 2009 with oysters grown on a raft in the Ría de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain). Temperature and chlorophyll a are directly correlated to sexual maturation. Oysters can mature at temperatures below 14°C. The temperature necessary for spawning differs between the sexes, requiring a temperature above 15°C for males and 18°C for females. Females had a single massive spawn between June and September, while males had partial spawning from May to December with two peaks, one in May–September and another in October–December, with the second peak more pronounced. The first spawning peak is related to high temperatures and concentrations of chlorophyll a, and the second spawning peak is mainly related to the food availability in the water. The spawning asynchrony may be impeding establishment of wild C. gigas populations in Spain.
Salbutamol‐induced Decrease in Augmentation Index is Related to the Parallel Increase in Heart Rate
Authors: Tikkakoski Antti J. , Kangas Pauliina , Suojanen Lauri , Tahvanainen Anna M. , Eräranta Arttu , Kähönen Mika A.P. , Sipilä Kalle , Mustonen Jukka T. , Pörsti Ilkka H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe change in augmentation index following salbutamol inhalation has been applied to evaluate endothelial function. We examined the contribution of salbutamol‐induced increase in heart rate to the observed decrease in augmentation index. Haemodynamics were recorded using whole‐body impedance cardiography and continuous pulse wave analysis from tonometric radial blood pressure. All subjects (n = 335, mean age 46, body mass index 26, 48% men) were without medications with cardiovascular influences. The effects of salbutamol inhalation (0.4 mg) versus the endothelium‐independent agent nitroglycerin resoriblet (0.25 mg) were examined during passive head‐up tilt, as the haemodynamic influences of these compounds depend on body position. Salbutamol decreased augmentation index by ~3‐4% units in supine and upright positions. Although salbutamol moderately increased cardiac index (+4.5%) and decreased systemic vascular resistance (−8.5%), the significant haemodynamic explanatory factors for decreased augmentation index in multivariate analysis were increased supine heart rate, and increased upright heart rate and decreased ejection duration (p < 0.001 for all, r2 = 0.36–0.37). Sublingual nitroglycerin decreased supine and upright augmentation index by ~15% units and ~23% units, respectively. The haemodynamic explanatory factors for these changes in multivariate analysis were increased heart rate, reduced ejection duration and reduced systemic vascular resistance (p ≤ 0.021 for all, r2 = 0.22–0.34). In conclusion, the lowering influence of salbutamol on augmentation index may be largely explained by increased heart rate, suggesting that this effect may not predominantly reflect endothelial function.
Epigenomic signature of adrenoleukodystrophy predicts compromised oligodendrocyte differentiation
Authors: Schlüter Agatha , Sandoval Juan , Fourcade Stéphane , Díaz‐Lagares Angel , Ruiz Montserrat , Casaccia Patrizia , Esteller Manel , Pujol Aurora 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEpigenomic changes may either cause disease or modulate its expressivity, adding a layer of complexity to mendelian diseases. X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is a rare neurometabolic condition exhibiting discordant phenotypes, ranging from a childhood cerebral inflammatory demyelination (cALD) to an adult‐onset mild axonopathy in spinal cords (AMN). The AMN form may occur with superimposed inflammatory brain demyelination (cAMN). All patients harbor loss of function mutations in the ABCD1 peroxisomal transporter of very‐long chain fatty acids. The factors that account for the lack of genotype‐phenotype correlation, even within the same family, remain largely unknown. To gain insight into this matter, here we compared the genome‐wide DNA methylation profiles of morphologically intact frontal white matter areas of children affected by cALD with adult cAMN patients, including male controls in the same age group. We identified a common methylomic signature between the two phenotypes, comprising (i) hypermethylation of genes harboring the H3K27me3 mark at promoter regions, (ii) hypermethylation of genes with major roles in oligodendrocyte differentiation such as MBP, CNP, MOG and PLP1 and (iii) hypomethylation of immune‐associated genes such as IFITM1 and CD59. Moreover, we found increased hypermethylation in CpGs of genes involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation, and also in genes with H3K27me3 marks in their promoter regions in cALD compared with cAMN, correlating with transcriptional and translational changes. Further, using a penalized logistic regression model, we identified the combined methylation levels of SPG20, UNC45A and COL9A3 and also, the combined expression levels of ID4 and MYRF to be good markers capable of discriminating childhood from adult inflammatory phenotypes. We thus propose the hypothesis that an epigenetically controlled, altered transcriptional program may drive an impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation and aberrant immune activation in X‐ALD patients. These results shed light into disease pathomechanisms and uncover putative biomarkers of interest for prognosis and phenotypic stratification.