bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reciprocating Gait Orthosis Powered with Electrical Muscle Stimulation (RGO II). Part I: Performance Evaluation of 70 Paraplegic Patients
Authors: Solomonow M , Aguilar E , Reisin E , Baratta R V , Best R , Coetzee T , D'Ambrosia R 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Seventy paraplegics were fitted with an improved Reciprocating Gait Orthosis powered with or without (low-level injury) electrical stimulation of the thigh muscles (RGO II) as a secondary rehabilitation phase after the acute period. The patients comprised a broad cross-section of the paraplegic population applying for medical services and varied in age from 16 to 55 years, time since injury ranging from less than 1 to 15 years, injury levels ranging from C-6/7 to T-11/12, and varying levels of spasticity, contractures, scoliosis and other related medical and physiologic problems. The success/failure ratio was dependent on the injury level, which was 1:1 for paraplegics with injury level at C-6/7; 1.67:1 for those with injury of T-1/3; and about 4:1 for paraplegics with injury level from T-3 to T-12. Lack of motivation and medical problems unrelated to the RGO II treatment were the primary reasons for failure. The duration of treatment (outpatient service three times per week) ranged from 2 to 48 weeks (mean: 16).
Forty-one patients who completed the RGO II rehabilitation and were sent home with the orthosis for independent use (for at least 6 months and up to 3 years) were surveyed by a staff member for analysis of the meaning and impact of the RGO II on the patient's life and health, and potential problems. It was shown that 80.5% of the 41 patients were regular users and 19.5% were non-users. Thirty-eight of the 41 patients declined an offer to return the RGO II equipment for a full refund, while three patients were willing to return the orthosis.
It was concluded that the RGO II is a viable orthosis for restoring standing and limited walking in paraplegics while providing sufficient function, safety, and reliability. The most appropriate patients for the use of such an orthosis consist primarily of those with T-3 to T-12 injury level and good motivation, although highly selected patients with higher injury levels also can benefit from its use. Regular use of the RGO II, even for exercise only, had a general positive impact on the patients' health and outlook.
A 9month-old-boy with atypical hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Ouederni Monia , BEN KHALED MONIA , Rekaya Samia , Ben Fraj Ilhem , Mellouli Fethi , Bejaoui Mohamed 
Published: May 2019

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening hyperinflammation caused by uncontrolled proliferation of activated lymphocytes and histiocytes. Often, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is an acquired syndrome. We report a case of a 9 month-old-boy presented with hepatosplenomegaly, severe anemia requiring repeated transfusions, thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and very high hyperferritinemia. These clinical features of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis prompted a wide infectious and auto-immune request to be performed. After a wide diagnostic workup, he was referred to the immune hematologic unit, for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis suspicion with unknown cause.
Domestic water meter optimal replacement period to minimize water revenue loss
Authors: Moahloli Aluta , Marnewick Annlizé , Pretorius JHC 
Published: May 2019

Water meter under-registration results in apparent losses and lost revenue for municipalities. Municipalities should scientifically determine the optimal replacement periods for the meters in their particular municipality, as this would result
in the formulation and implementation of appropriate meter replacement strategies and a reduction of apparent losses due to water meter inaccuracies. A water meter management database was analysed using the relative meter error method to determine if a relationship exists between domestic water meter age, total registered volume and accuracy, as well as the volume of apparent water losses caused by inaccuracies due to domestic water meter age and total registered volume. The net present value chain (NPVCn) method was used to determine the optimal domestic water meter replacement period. This study found no relation between water meter age and total registered volume. A relation was found between water meter age and accuracy and well as between total registered volume and accuracy. The median relative meter error was found to decrease with increasing water meter age and to increase from under-registration to over-registration as the total registered volume increased. The study also determined the volume of apparent water losses caused by domestic water meter inaccuracies due to age and total registered volume for this particular municipality to be 1.814 kL∙meter−1∙month−1, which translated to 2.81% of the municipality’s total system input volume. The optimal water meter replacement period of the municipality was determined using the NPVCn method to be at water meter ages of 9, 12 and 16 years and total registered volumes of 3 971, 5 162 and 6 750 kL at discount rates of 10%, 8% and 6%, respectively. This means that the municipality can now proactively replace its water meters so as to minimize the impact of meter inaccuracies on non-revenue water.
Chemical and mineral composition of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in Mongolia
Authors: L Munkhgerel , L Enkh-Amgalan , D Mungunnaran , B Munkhtsetseg , B Bayarmaa 
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to compare and evaluate the chemical composition of fruiting body and mycelium from Pleurotus ostreatus (Jake.) P.Kumm) mushrooms cultivating in Mongolia. The result showed that total lipid: 1.73% in the fruiting body, 0.6% in the mycelium. Protein: 25.7% in the fruiting body and 15.1% in the mycelium. Total carbohydrate’s content was similar in fruiting body and mycelium. According to the results of mineral nutrients, elements such as potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium are dominant, and they have accumulated differently in the fruiting body and mycelium of mushroom. For example, potassium was 12030 mg/kg in the fruiting body and 16380 mg/kg in the mycelium. Phosphorus content was 4225.26 mg/kg in the fruiting body and 6645.19 mg/kg in the mycelium, respectively. According to the study, contents of heavy, toxic metals were tolerable level. This study was identified that Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms are cultivating in our country, it contains a high amount of nutrient elements and suitable for use in dietary supplements.
Тарималжуулсан эвэрлэг дэрвээлж (Pleurotus ostreatus) мөөгний химийн найрлага болон эрдэс бодисын судалгаа
Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Монгол оронд тарималжуулж буй Эвэрлэг дэрвээлж (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jake.) P.Kumm) мөөгний үрт бие, ургал биеийн химийн ерөнхий найрлагыг харьцуулан судалж үнэлэлт дүгнэлт өгөхийг зорилоо. Тос, тосонцор бодис мөөгний үрт биед - 1.73%, ургал биед нь - 0.6%; уураг үрт биед - 25.7%, ургал биед - 15.1% ба нийт нүүрсусны агууламж ойролцоо байна. Эрдэс бодисын судалгааны дүнгээр кали, фосфор, магни зэрэг элементүүд зонхилж байгаа бөгөөд мөөгний үрт бие болон ургал биед харилцан адилгүй хуримтлагддаг байна. Тухайлбал, кали: үрт биед – 12030 мг/кг бол ургал биед- 16380 мг/кг; фосфор: үрт биед - 4225.26 мг/кг, ургал биед 6645.19 мг/кг тус тус агуулагдаж байна. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан Эвэрлэг дэрвээлж мөөгөнд хүнд хортой элементүүдийн агууламж хүлцэх хэмжээнд байгааг тогтоов. Эдгээр дүн нь манай оронд тарималжуулан ургуулж байгаа Эвэрлэг дэрвээлж мөөг тэжээллэг чанар сайтай, хүнс болон зохицуулах үйлчилгээтэй хүнсний нэмэлт болгон хэрэглэхэд тохиромжтойг харуулж байна.Түлхүүр үг: Эвэрлэг дэрвээлж, Pleurotus ostreatus, үрт бие, ургал бие, мөөг
Diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum and Delphinum species
Authors: D Batsuren , N Batbayar , J Tunsag 
Published: May 2019

Since 1986 we started investigating diterpene alkaloids from Aconitum and Delphinum species in Mongolia. Alkaloid composition of some 12 species of Aconitum and Delphinum of Ranunculaceae family and 63 individual compounds were isolated and identified. Among them 9 were newly found naturally-occurring compounds and structure of these alkaloids were elucidated completely. High resolution Mass-spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, 2D NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, HMBC were employed to elucidate structure of new compounds. Structure of altaconitine was elucidated and confirmed by applying X-ray crystallographic analysis in addition to above- mentioned techniques. As a result of our long-term chemical in-vestigation of plant species of Mongolia, we have observed and established that secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins, lignans and xanthones accumulate in more oxidized form in plant species grown in Mongolia. This principle is also demonstrated in the structure of diterpenoid alkaloids isolated from plants of Ranunculaceae family grown in Mongolia. As can be seen from alkaloids 11-acetyl-1, 19-epoxydenudatine and turpelline each contain 4 oxygen atoms, which is more oxygen atoms than in commonly-occurring C-20 diterpenoid alkaloids. Except turpelline no other C-20 alkaloid containing four hydroxyl groups was found in nature. Altaconitine is a newly discovered alkaloid which contains functional groups with highest number of oxygen atoms among C-19 diterpenoid alkaloids. Ring “A” in altaconitine structure is substituted at C-1, C-2 and C-3 positions with 2, 3-transdiol system, making altaconitine a unique structure found in nature.
Хорс ба Гэзэг цэцгийн төрлийн ургамлын дитерпений алкалоид
Хураангуй: Дэлхий дахинаа Aconitum, Astagne, Consolida, Delphinum ба Inula-гийн төрлийн ургамлууд нь дитерпений алкалоидын баялаг эх сурвалж бөгөөд манай оронд тэдгээрээс Хорс ба Гэзэг цэцэгийн төрлийн ургамлууд элбэг тохиолддог. Холтсон цэцгийн овгийн Хорс ба Гэзэг цэцэгийн төрөлд хамаарагдах 12 зүйл ургамалд дитерпений алкалоидын судалгаа явуулж, дээрхи ургамлуудаас С-19, С-20 дитерпений алкалоидод хамаарагдах 63 бодисыг химийн цэвэр байдлаар ялгаж, тэдгээрийн бүтцийг таньж тодорхойлсоны дотор 9 дитерпений шинэ алкалоидыг анх удаа байгалиас олсон. Эдгээрийн дотроос бүтцийн хувьд нилээд сонирхолтой нь альтаконитин бөгөөд тэр нь 6 хираль нүүрстөрөгчийн атом агуулсан цууны ба бензоины хүчлээр ацилжсан, үндсэн цагиргийн 10 нүүрстөрөгчийн атом нь хүчилтөрөгч бүхий халагч бүлэгтэй ба ялангуяа “А” цагиргийн 2 ба 3-р байрлалд буй гидроксил бүлгүүд нь транс диол систем бүхий рекорд исэлдсэн хэлбэртэй, өвөрмөц бүтэц бүхий байгалийн шинэ алкалоид юм. Түүнчлэн турпеллин алкалоид нь үндсэн цагиргийн 4 нүүрстөрөгчийн атом нь хүчилтөрөгч бүхий халагч бүлэгтэй байгаа нь тус алкалоид бүтцийн хувьд рекорд исэлдсэн напеллины төрлийн цорын ганц нэгдэл болж бүртгэгдээд байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: Хорс, Гэзэг цэцэг, дитерпений алкалоид
Medicinal plants - Therapeutic effective compounds
Authors: G Odontuya 
Published: May 2019

In plants, substances starting with a simple skeleton to highly complex chemical structures having specific activities are synthesized. Plants are still considered a resource of valuable raw materials for producing different therapeutic and health supporting products, as well as a pool of significant pharmacological active compounds. According to the analysis of the recent PubMed research trends, it was observed that the number of scientific research interest targeting plant-derived natural products had increased. New approaches for discovery of medicinal plants, isolation, identification and characterization of secondary metabolites, and resupply of plant-derived natural products are being developed. Meanwhile, the usage of medicinal plants and plant-derived natural products for any disease conditions is being increased worldwide. There is a limited possibility to isolate therapeutically active compounds from natural-originated plants and resupply them in the market. Therefore, alternative resupply approaches are being developed that they rely on biotechnological products and chemical synthesis. Currently, the research on medicinal plants and plant-derived secondary products is going with success using a broad interdisciplinary approach of chemical and biological sciences involving advanced technologies. Medicinal plants are a source of therapeutically active compounds and new drugs, and other health supporting products.
Эмийн ургамал - Эмчилгээний идэвхт нэгдэл
Хураангуй: Ургамалд хамгийн энгийнээс эхлээд маш нарийн нийлмэл бүтэц байгууламжтай эмчилгээний идэвхт бодис нийлэгжиж байдаг ба ургамал нь эрүүл мэндийн бүтээгдэхүүний үнэт түүхий эд бөгөөд фармакологийн идэвхт нэгдлийн сан болж байна. Сүүлийн үеийн PubMed-д хэвлэгдсэн бүтээлүүдэд дүн шинжилгээ хийхэд ургамлын гаралтай байгалийн нэгдлийг шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэйгээр сонирхон судлах явдал өссөн байна. Эмийн ургамлыг олж илрүүлэх, түүнээс хоѐрдогч метаболитыг ялгах, шинж чанарыг тодорхойлох, таньж илрүүлэх, ханган нийлүүлэх арга зүй, аргачлал боловсронгуй болж, аливаа өвчний эмчилгээнд ургамлыг хэрэглэх хандлага өсөж байна. Эмчилгээний идэвхтэй бодисыг зөвхөн байгалийн ургамлаас ялган зах зээлд ханган нийлүүлэх боломжгүй тул биотехнологийн арга болон химийн нийлэгжүүлэлт гэсэн өөр бусад аргыг хэрэглэж байна. Ийм чиглэлийн судалгааг хими, биологийн шинжлэх ухааны олон салбарын мэдлэг, мэдээллийн уялдаа холбоонд тулгуурлан орчин үеийн ололт, дэвшилтэт технологийг ашиглан хийж байна. Ургамал бол эмчилгээний идэвхт бодис ба шинэ эм, эрүүл мэндийн бүтээгдэхүүний эх сурвалж юм.
Түлхүүр үгс: ургамал, хоёрдогч метаболит, эмчилгээний идэвх, дэвшилтэт технологи
Results of estimation some antioxidant compounds in plants growing in the city and city forest area
Authors: J Bayarmaa , D Purev 
Published: May 2019

Ascorbic acid, catalase and peroxidase are indicators of adaptive processes which are taking place in plants under the environmental influence. In this work activity dynamics of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde content was estimated in leafs of Betula platyphylla (Sukacz.) and Larix sibirica (Ledb.) grown in Ulaanbaatar city and city forest area. From the result of this work we can see that in plants grown in Ulaanbaatar city there is an intense oxidation of lipids, Larix sibirica (Ledb.) steadiest in the city conditions. The result of this work can be used for the selection of plants more suitable for the urban plantings.
Хот болон хот орчмын ногоон бүсэд ургасан ургамлын зарим антиоксидант нэглдийг тодорхойлсон үр дүнгээс
Хураангуй: Орчны тааламжгүй нөхцөлд ургамлын дасан зохицох процесст оролцох антиоксидант нэгдэл болох аскорбины хүчил, ферментүүд болох каталаза, пероксидазын идэвх, липидын хэт исэлдэлтийн бүтээгдэхүүн болох малондиальдегидын динамикийг Улаанбаатар хот болон хотын ногоон бүсэд ургах Хавтага навчит хус (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.), Сибирь шинэс (Larix sibirica Ledb.)-н навчны дээжинд харьцуулан тодорхойлов. Улаанбаатар хотод ургах ургамлын хувьд липидын исэлдэлт эрчимтэй явагдаж байгаа нь тодорхой харагдав. Хотын орчинд дасан зохицох чадвараар Сибирь шинэс (Larix sibirica Ledb.) илүү байна. Цаашид энэхүү судалгааны ажлын үр дүнг хотын бохирдолд тэсвэртэй, амьдрах чадвар сайтай, хотын ногоон байгууламжийг өргөтгөхөд хэрэглэх ургамлыг илрүүлэхэд ашиглах боломжтой юм.
Түлхүүр үгс: витамин С, малондиальдегид, каталаза, пероксидаза
Soil investigation of Lancea tibetica Hook.F.Et Thoms.
Authors: J Sukhdolgor , S Unurtsetseg , G Bayarmaa , T Suvdmaa 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to summarize the results of soil investigations of Lancea tibetica grown in the water-meadow of North Mongolia. It is very important to determine the minerals in the soil of meadow lands where the endangered plants in Mongo-lia are grown. Medicinal plants, their extracts and soil deserve special attention because of the important influence they have on human health. They are easily contaminated with metals during growth, development and processing. In this study, we determined distribution of 43 mineral elements in surface soil of meadow lands, whichconstituted of determined 10 elements in oxide forms, metallic and mobile elements Cu 28 mg/kg, Cr 90 mg/kg, Zn 92 mg/kg, Pb 24 mg/kg, Ni 41 mg/kg and Co 13 mg/kg. We also in-vestigated soil morphological description and hygienic microbiological study such as E.coli, thermophilic bacteria, gut flora, Clos-tridium perfringens, soil pH, quantity of microorganism per 1 gram soil, quantity of fungi per 1 gram soil. In addition, we deter-mined the physical and chemical property of soil such as pH, calcium carbonate, humus, capacity electrical conductive, amount of mobile phosphorus, potassium and mechanical composition of soil such as a particle size of sand, dust and clay.
Төвөд ланцай (Lancea tibetica Hook.F.Et Thoms.) ургамлын хөрсний судалгааны үр дүнгээс
Хураангуй: Энэ өгүүллийн зорилго нь Умард Монголын татмын нугад ургасан Төвөд ланцай ургамлын хөрсний судалгааны үр дүнг нэгтгэн дүгнэх байв. Дэлхийн цаг уурын өөрчлөлт, цаг уурын хэт хуурайшилт ба хагас хуурайшилтын үр дүн нь хөрсөнд гол асуудал болж байна. Иймээс бид Монгол оронд устаж буй зэрэглэлд орсон Төвөд ланцай ургамал ургасан нугын хөрсөнд эрдэслэг элементүүдийн агууламжыг тодорхойлов. Бид нугын өнгөн хөрсөнд 43 эрдэслэг элементийн тархалтыг илрүүлснээс 10 элемент исэл хэлбэртэй байв. Металл болон хөдөлгөөнт хэлбэрийн элементээс Cu 28 мг/кг, Cr 90 мг/кг, Zn 92 мг/кг, Pb 24 мг/кг, Ni 41 мг/кг, Co 13 мг/кг агуулагдаж байна. Хөрсөн дэх хүнд металууд нь хөдөлгөөнгүй ба хөдөлгөөнт хэлбэртэй. Хүнд металлуудын хөдөлгөөнтэй ба бололцооны хөдөлгөөнт хэлбэрүүд нь хүрээлэн буй орчинд ихэнхдээ гол хортой аюулын нэг нь байх магадлалтай. Татмын нугад ургасан Төвөд ланцайн хөрсөнд зүсэлт хийж үзэхэд “хүлрэнцэр бараан хөрс” болохыг тодорхойлов. Хур бороо бага, гандуу 2017, хур бороо ихтэй 2018 онд Төвөд ланцай ургасан татмын нугын хөрсийг авч физик, химийн шинж чанарыг өнгөн хөрсөнд (0-10 см гүн) тодорхойлоход рН-ийн дундаж утга сул шүлтлэг рН 7.63, 2018 онд хөрсний гүн 10-20 см, 20-35 см-ийн зүсэлт хийхэд рН-ийн дундаж 6.83 (сул хүчиллэг) байв. Хөрсний бохирдлыг хянах зорилгоор хөрсөнд Clostridium perfringens, гэдэсний бүлгийн нян, гэдэсний бүлгийн дулаанд тэсвэртэй нян болон Е.coli-г тодорхойлоход 1.0> гарч стандарттай харьцуулахад уг хөрс нь бохирдол бага, цэвэр болохыг илрүүлэв.
Түлхүүр үгс: хөрс, ялзмаг, морфологи, микро ба макроэлемент, нян
Needs and suitability assessment for hay land planning
Authors: I Myagmarjav , P Myagmartseren 
Published: May 2019

The paper addresses planning issues of hay land based on new methods of suitability and need’s assessment of local area. In order to develop the hay land future use and planning for 2023 of Erdenetsagaan soum, Sukhbaatar aimag, the assessment of the haymaking situation, the number of livestock growth and needs of nutritional resources for animal husbandry were calculated. According to the tested new suitability assessment of hay land, 4.37 percent or 74164 ha of land are most suitable, and 29.21 percent or 496014.3 ha are unsuitable. In order to calculate the nutritional needs of livestock in the future, the demand of green fodder for hay cut is estimated at 6712 t in 2023. The need for this fodder supply requires 8391 ha hay fields in 2023. Thus, demand (6712 t hay from 8391 ha of field) of green fodder will be supplied after proper implementation of plan (74164 ha suitable field to hay land usage).
The characterisation of underwater noise at facilities holding marine mammals
Authors: Houser DS , Mulsow J , Branstetter B , Moore PW , Finneran JJ , Xitco MJ 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA collaborative effort was undertaken to delineate underwater noise levels within holding enclosures at marine mammal facilities. Ambient noise levels were measured under normal operating conditions in the enclosures of 14 participating facilities. Facility habitats varied from ocean environments to fully enclosed pools. The means and standard errors of the noise pressure spectral densities measured across all pools were similar to those measured in natural coastal environments with relatively low presence of anthropogenic noise. Highest levels of noise in land-based pools were generally at frequencies < 2 kHz and primarily due to the operation of water treatment/filtration systems. Noise levels in land-based pools were comparable to or lower than semi-natural and natural systems at higher frequencies because of the presence of biological noise sources in these systems (eg snapping shrimp [Alpheus spp]). For odontocete enclosures, the whales themselves were often the greatest source of sound at frequencies where the whales have their best hearing (~40-100 kHz). The potential for facility ambient noise to acoustically mask odontocete communication signals and echolocation clicks appears to be low. In general, when noise was elevated it was at frequencies outside the typical frequency ranges of whistles and echolocation clicks, and where odontocetes have poor hearing sensitivity. Occasional noise issues were found; it is therefore recommended that facilities periodically assess enclosure noise conditions to optimise animal management and welfare.
An architecture for context-aware reactive systems based on run-time semantic models
Authors: Giallonardo Ester , Poggi Francesco , Rossi Davide , Zimeo Eugenio 
Published: May 2019

In recent years, new classes of highly dynamic, complex systems are gaining momentum. These systems are characterized by the need to express behaviors driven by external and/or internal changes, i.e. they are reactive and context-aware. These classes include, but are not limited to IoT, smart cities, cyber-physical systems and sensor networks.
An important design feature of these systems should be the ability of adapting their behavior to environment changes. This requires handling a runtime representation of the context enriched with variation points that relate different behaviors to possible changes of the representation.
In this paper, we present a reference architecture for reactive, context-aware systems able to handle contextual knowledge (that defines what the system perceives) by means of virtual sensors and able to react to environment changes by means of virtual actuators, both represented in a declarative manner through semantic web technologies. To improve the ability to react with a proper behavior to context changes (e.g. faults) that may influence the ability of the system to observe the environment, we allow the definition of logical sensors and actuators through an extension of the SSN ontology (a W3C standard). In our reference architecture a knowledge base of sensors and actuators (hosted by an RDF triple store) is bound to real world by grounding semantic elements to physical devices via REST APIs.
The proposed architecture along with the defined ontology try to address the main problems of dynamically reconfigurable systems by exploiting a declarative, queryable approach to enable runtime reconfiguration with the help of (a) semantics to support discovery in heterogeneous environment, (b) composition logic to define alternative behaviors for variation points, (c) bi-causal connection life-cycle to avoid dangling links with the external environment. The proposal is validated in a case study aimed at designing an edge node for smart buildings dedicated to cultural heritage preservation.