bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in early stages of myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Franco‐Guerrero Amalia A. , Márquez‐Quiroz Luz C. , Valadéz‐Jiménez Víctor M. , Cortés Hernán , Murillo‐Melo Nadia M. , Muñoz Balam , Cisneros Bulmaro , Magaña Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder characterized mainly by skeletal muscle alterations. Although oropharyngeal dysphagia is a prominent clinical feature of DM1, it remains poorly studied in its early disease stages.MethodsDysphagia was investigated in 11 presymptomatic DM1 carriers, 14 patients with DM1 and 12 age‐matched healthy controls, by using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and clinical scores.ResultsScores for the FEES variables, delayed pharyngeal reflex, posterior pooling, and postswallow residue were significantly greater in patients with DM1 and in presymptomatic DM1 carriers than in healthy controls (P < 0.05); oropharyngeal dysfunction was more severe in patients than in presymptomatic carriers. Penetration/aspiration was found altered exclusively in patients with DM1 (P < 0.05).DiscussionSwallowing dysfunction occurs in presymptomatic DM1 carriers. Timely diagnosis of dysphagia in preclinical stages of the disease will aid in the timely management of presymptomatic carriers, potentially preventing medical complications. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Metabolic fingerprinting of chorionic villous samples in normal pregnancy and chromosomal disorders
Authors: Murgia Federica , Iuculano Ambra , Peddes Cristina , Santoru Maria Laura , Tronci Laura , Deiana Monica , Atzori Luigi , Monni Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivePlacenta‐related biological samples are used in biomedical research to investigate placental development. Metabolomics represents a promising approach for studying placental metabolism in an effort to explain physiological and pathological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic changes in chorionic villi during the first trimester of pregnancy in euploid and aneuploid cases.MethodsSamples from 21 women (13 euploid and eight aneuploid) were analyzed with 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Multivariate statistical analysis was performed, and differences in metabolites were used to identify the altered metabolic pathways.ResultsA regression model to test the correlation between fetal crown‐rump length (CRL) and metabolic profile of chorionic villi was performed in euploid pregnancies (R2 was 0.69 for the NMR analysis and 0.94 for the GC‐MS analysis). Supervised analysis was used to compare chorionic villi of euploid and aneuploid fetuses (NMR: R2X = 0.70, R2Y = 0.65, Q2 = 0.30, R2X = 0.62; GC‐MS: R2Y = 0.704, Q2 = 0.444). Polyol pathways, myo‐inositol, and oxidative stress seem to have a fundamental role in euploid and aneuploid pregnancies.ConclusionPolyol pathways may have a crucial role in energy production in early pregnancy. Excessive activation in aneuploid pregnancies may lead to increased oxidative stress. Metabolomics represents a promising approach to investigate placental metabolic changes.
Glucose monitoring in diabetes: from clinical studies to real‐world practice
Authors: Sagar Rebecca C , Abbas Afroze , Ajjan Ramzi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLowering glucose levels in diabetes prevents microvascular complications and long‐term macrovascular disease. HbA1c has long been used to guide management decisions, but it fails to address hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability, both of which are associated with adverse clinical outcome.While self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has had a pivotal role in improving glycaemia in diabetes, it provides incomplete glucose data and can be inconvenient to patients. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has the advantage of greater convenience, comprehensive glucose measurements and hypoglycaemia alarms; the latter are particularly useful in individuals with hypoglycaemia unawareness. However, these devices are relatively expensive, limiting widespread use, and most require continued capillary glucose testing for calibration.The newer flash continuous glucose monitoring (FCGM) device has the advantage of lower costs, long sensor life and factory calibration, negating the need for routine SMBG. However, the lack of hypoglycaemia alarms can be an issue, although a newer generation of sensors will have alarm capability but yet to be released in the UK. Studies have conclusively shown that CGM and FCGM improve glycaemic parameters in individuals with type 1 diabetes, and studies in type 2 diabetes are also promising but limited to draw definitive conclusions on the best subgroup(s) to benefit from this technology.Despite some reluctance to use CGM and FCGM due to costs and lack of familiarity, there has been a gradual shift from SMBG to these newer glucose monitoring strategies in those with type 1 diabetes, thus improving glycaemic control and the quality of life of these individuals. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes precipitated by infection, steroids and SGLT2 inhibitor
Authors: Aung Ei Thuzar , Koshy Rithika Mary , Jacob Koshy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious, life‐threatening hyperglycaemic emergency commonly associated as a complication of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The pathophysiology associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) makes it less likely to develop DKA, though it still could be precipitated by certain coexisting factors such as infection, medication non‐compliance, vascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, medications such as steroids, thiazides or sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and pancreatic neoplasm. DKA associated with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, although not common, is a well‐recognised complication. Glucocorticoid use is not a commonly described association for DKA in T2DM. The diabetogenic propensity of steroids is due to a combination of increased insulin resistance as well as β‐cell dysfunction. We report a case of T2DM who presented to our hospital with DKA following exacerbation of his hyperglycaemia by concomitant sepsis, steroid usage and use of SGLT2 inhibitor. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons.
Effects of simulated climate warming on the population dynamics of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and its parasitoids in wheat fields
Authors: Han Zongli , Tan Xiaoling , Wang Yi , Xu Qingxuan , Zhang Yong , Harwood James D , Chen Julian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimate warming has considerable effects on crop development and pest population dynamics. Crucially, the tri‐trophic responses of plants, herbivores and their natural enemies to warming are poorly understood. To delineate these interactive properties, a three‐system approach and integrating life table methodology were used to examine the responses of wheat plants, English grain aphid and parasitoids under open‐field infrared heating to simulate warming.RESULTSWarming significantly increased wheat biomass and grain weight, causing a phenological shift in plant growth. Importantly, warming significantly increased the number of aphids and the reproductive period, coupled with a higher net reproductive rate and intrinsic growth rate. Otherwise, duration of development, generation span, and population doubling time all decreased significantly. Warming had no effect on parasitoid abundance but resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of parasitism.CONCLUSIONWarming may strengthen bottom‐up effects on aphids by increasing wheat biomass, resulting in reduced regulation of aphid populations. Warming had a different effect on parasitoids between 2015 and 2016. These findings provide an important characterization of ecological mechanisms in plant–herbivore–parasitoid systems and give a theoretical foundation for improved forecasting of aphid population dynamics under climate change. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Legacy recovery and robust augmentation structured design for the VEGA launcher
Authors: Navarro‐Tapia D. , Marcos A. , Simplício P. , Bennani S. , Roux C. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a systematic robust control framework based on the structured
approach to address the synthesis of the atmospheric ascent‐flight control system of a launch vehicle. To introduce this synthesis framework, the control problem is first formulated to recover the classically designed baseline rigid‐body controller of the actual VEGA launcher VV05 mission. This legacy recovery builds the necessary background for a good understanding of the problem and increases confidence for its transfer to the Space industry. Subsequently, it is shown how to systematically augment the robustness of the design from the synthesis stage against wind turbulence perturbations and parametric uncertainty. The resulting controller is verified via classical stability margins and robust structured singular value analyses and finally validated using nonlinear, time‐domain simulations in a Monte Carlo campaign. It is highlighted that this robust synthesis framework allows to obtain a controller with improved robust stability and global performance, and more importantly, it provides a more systematic methodology for design.
Can we calculate drought risk… and do we need to?
Authors: Hall Jim W. , Leng Guoyong 
Published: April 2019

There is growing interest in the possibility of global analysis of drought risk, following the rapid development of global models of flood risk and other natural hazards. While this is an attractive idea, we argue that it is not actually possible as, unlike for flooding, it is not possible to unambiguously distinguish between “drought” and “nondrought” events, in particular when considering the impacts of droughts on agriculture. Any definition of a drought event depends upon the choice of drought index, which is to some extent arbitrary. Nonetheless, the absence of unambiguous quantified estimates of drought risk need not be an obstacle to rational drought risk management, as it is still possible to evaluate and compare the benefits of different drought risk management options.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water Extremes
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Methods
The “Short‐Cut” Laparoscopic Reverse Approach: A Novel Strategy for Synchronous Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases Requiring Major or Complex Procedures?
Authors: Karoui Mehdi , Scatton Olivier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo report on the feasibility and the safety of a novel strategy in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases (SLM) requiring major or complex procedures for both the primary and liver deposits.Patients and MethodsThe strategy consisted in performing the two major procedures (liver first and colorectal) by laparoscopy within a short interval in order to keep both oncological advantages and short‐terms outcome benefits.ResultsTwo patients were treated with this strategy: one with a laparoscopic resection of segment VIII extended to the segment IVb followed by the laparosopic rectal resection; the second with a laparoscopic left hepatectomy with a microwave ablation of the lesion located in the segment VII followed by the laparoscopic resection of the sigmoid colon. Postoperative courses were uneventful.ConclusionThe “short‐cut” laparoscopic reverse approach may represent an attractive option for patients requiring major liver and colorectal resections for SLM provided expertise in laparoscopic surgery in both fields is ensured.
‘Aristocystites? subcylindricus var. de bohemicus Barrande, 1887’ is a valid species of Aristocystites (Echinodermata, Diploporita): description and taxonomic consequences
Authors: Paul Christopher R.C. , Parsley Ronald L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBarrande erected the genus Aristocystites, type A. bohemicus Barrande, in 1887. He listed other questionable species, including “A.? subcylindricus var. de bohemicus.” Aristocystites subcylindricus has not been accepted apart from Bather who in 1919 designated a type specimen and made it the type species of the new genus Hippocystis. No specimens available to Barrande or Bather preserved the oral area necessary to characterize Hippocystis or A. subcylindricus. Specimen 436969A, in the United States National Museum of Natural History is a more complete specimen of A. subcylindricus and preserves the oral area. This shows that A. subcylindricus is a valid species, but has two ambulacral facets, a character unique to the genus Aristocystites. Aristocystites subcylindricus has tumid plates with obvious sutures, a rounded thecal base, and a gonopore surrounded by three plates. Aristocystites bohemicus has smooth plates, an obvious attachment scar aborally and a gonopore within a single plate. Both species have occasional horseshoe-shaped diplopores.UUID: http://zoobank.org/946c28a2-5783-4a6b-9111-416857bf9363
Anticolonial Nationalism From Imagined Communities to Colonial Conflict
Authors: Go Julian , Watson Jake 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNationalism in the modern world began in European metropoles but spread throughout the world system in the form of anticolonial nationalism. While many studies have explored the former, this essay systematically examines the latter. Based upon an original database of 124 cases, we test multiple theories that might account for the origins and spread of anticolonial nationalism. We adjudicate between cultural-cognitive approaches emphasizing the discursive bases for national imaginings on the one hand and, on the other, theories that emphasize political-economic dynamics and elite conflict. Our time-series regression analysis suggests that while cultural-cognitive approaches best account for the initial wave of anticolonial nationalism, from 1700 to 1878, theories stressing political-economic dynamics and elite conflict explain anticolonial nationalism in the later wave, from 1879 to 1990. The analysis suggests that theories of nationalism need to be attentive to the historical specificity of their claims.
Population genetic structure and selective pressure on the mitochondrial ATP6 gene of the Japanese sand lance Ammodytes personatus Girard
Authors: Deng Zhaochao , Wang Xiuliang , Xu Shengyong , Gao Tianxiang , Han Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThermoregulation has been suggested to influence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evolution. Previous studies revealed that the mitochondrial protein-coding genes of fish living in temperate climates have smallerdN/dS(Non-synonymous substitution rate/Synonymous substitution rate) than tropical species. However, it is unknown whether different geographic populations of one fish species experience stronger selective pressures between cold and warm climates. The biological characteristics of the Japanese sand lance,Ammodytes personatusin the North-western Pacific is well-suited for assessing the performance of mtDNA evolution among separate geographic populations. In this study, we focused on the mitochondrial ATP6 gene ofA. personatususing 174 individuals from eight different sea temperature populations. Two distinct haplotype lineages and a significant population structure (P= 0.016) were found in this species. The frequencies of the two lineages varied with the changes of annual sea temperature. The southern lineage (lineage A,dN/dS= 0.0384) showed a largerdN/dSvalue than the northern lineage (lineage B,dN/dS= 0.0167), suggesting that sea temperature greatly influences the evolution of the two lineages. The result provides robust evidence of local adaptation between populations inA. personatus.
Shared and dissociable features of apathy and reward system dysfunction in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Kirschner Matthias , Cathomas Flurin , Manoliu Andrei , Habermeyer Benedikt , Simon Joe J. , Seifritz Erich , Tobler Philippe N. , Kaiser Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder I (BD-I) is defined by episodes of mania, depression and euthymic states. These episodes are among other symptoms characterized by altered reward processing and negative symptoms (NS), in particular apathy. However, the neural correlates of these deficits are not well understood.MethodsWe first assessed the severity of NS in 25 euthymic BD-I patients compared with 25 healthy controls (HC) and 27 patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Then, we investigated ventral (VS) and dorsal striatal (DS) activation during reward anticipation in a Monetary Incentive Delayed Task and its association with NS.ResultsIn BD-I patients NS were clearly present and the severity of apathy was comparable to SZ patients. Apathy scores in the BD-I group but not in the SZ group correlated with sub-syndromal depression scores. At the neural level, we found significant VS and DS activation in BD-I patients and no group differences with HC or SZ patients. In contrast to patients with SZ, apathy did not correlate with striatal activation during reward anticipation. Explorative whole-brain analyses revealed reduced extra-striatal activation in BD-I patients compared with HC and an association between reduced activation of the inferior frontal gyrus and apathy.ConclusionThis study found that in BD-I patients apathy is present to an extent comparable to SZ, but is more strongly related to sub-syndromal depressive symptoms. The findings support the view of different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying apathy in the two disorders and suggest that extra-striatal dysfunction may contribute to impaired reward processing and apathy in BD-I.
Reversible Changes of Chromosome Structure upon Different Concentrations of Divalent Cations
Authors: Dwiranti Astari , Takata Hideaki , Fukui Kiichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe structural details of chromosomes have been of interest to researchers for many years, but how the metaphase chromosome is constructed remains unsolved. Divalent cations have been suggested to be required for the organization of chromosomes. However, detailed information about the role of these cations in chromosome organization is still limited. In the current study, we investigated the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ depletion and the reversibility upon re-addition of one of the two ions. Human chromosomes were treated with different concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+. Depletion of Ca2+ and both Ca2+ and Mg2+ were carried out using 1, 2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. Chromosome structure was examined by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that chromosome structures after treatment with a buffer without Mg2+, after Ca2+ depletion, as well as after depletion of both Mg2+, and Ca2+, yielded fewer compact structures with fibrous chromatin than those without cation depletion. Interestingly, the chromatin of EDTA-treated chromosomes reversed to their original granular diameters after re-addition of either Mg2+ or Ca2+ only. These findings signify the importance of divalent cations on the chromosome structure and suggest the interchangeable role of Ca2+ and Mg2+.
ON -DISTINGUISHED REPRESENTATIONS OF THE QUASI-SPLIT UNITARY GROUPS
Authors: Mitra A. , Offen Omer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study$\text{Sp}_{2n}(F)$-distinction for representations of the quasi-split unitary group$U_{2n}(E/F)$in$2n$variables with respect to a quadratic extension$E/F$of$p$-adic fields. A conjecture of Dijols and Prasad predicts that no tempered representation is distinguished. We verify this for a large family of representations in terms of the Mœglin–Tadić classification of the discrete series. We further study distinction for some families of non-tempered representations. In particular, we exhibit$L$-packets with no distinguished members that transfer under base change to$\text{Sp}_{2n}(E)$-distinguished representations of$\text{GL}_{2n}(E)$.
Accounting for Noncompliance in Survey Experiments
Authors: Harden Jeffrey J. , Sokhey Anand E. , Runge Katherine L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolitical scientists commonly use survey experiments–often conducted online–to study the attitudes of the mass public. In these experiments, compensation is usually small and researcher control is limited, which introduces the potential for low respondent effort and attention. This lack of engagement may result in noncompliance with experimental protocols, threatening causal inferences. However, in reviewing the literature, we find that despite the discipline’s general familiarity with experimental noncompliance, researchers rarely consider it when analyzing survey experiments. This oversight is important because it may unknowingly prevent researchers from estimating their causal quantities of greatest substantive interest. We urge scholars to address this particular manifestation of an otherwise familiar problem and suggest two strategies for formally measuring noncompliance in survey experiments: recording vignette screen time latency and repurposing manipulation checks. We demonstrate and discuss the substantive consequences of these recommendations by revisiting several published survey experiments.
Geomorphological Evidence of Localized Stagnant Ice Deposits in Terra Cimmeria, Mars
Authors: Adeli Solmaz , Hauber Ernst , Michael Gregory G. , Fawdon Peter , Smith Isaac B. , Jaumann Ralf 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe presence of snow and ice at midlatitudes of Mars cannot be explained by current climatic conditions, as surface ice is unstable. However, a large variety of debris‐covered glaciers have been observed at both midlatitudes. Here, we report the presence of local, small‐scale, and debris‐covered stagnant ice deposits on the floor of a valley system in Terra Cimmeria. These deposits, termed valley fill deposits (VFD), have a distribution that is restricted to the host valley floor and to the extent of the ejecta blanket associated with Tarq impact crater. The VFD are characterized by convex‐upward morphology, various crevasses, sublimation pits, an average area of a few square kilometers, and occasional ejecta streaks on their surface. Our model age estimation points to two possible time frames for the Tarq impact event; thus, we suggest two formation scenarios for VFD: (I) distribution of ice due to impact into shallow ice during the Middle Amazonian and (II) post‐impact deposition of VFD due to precipitation. In both scenarios, ice preservation is most likely due to a lag of dust and debris deposited in the valley's topographic lows. Scenario I is more consistent with our geomorphological observation of the VFD being overlain by ejecta streaks. Our results highlight the importance of local geological events and conditions in the distribution and preservation of buried ice deposits on Mars and suggest that more small‐scale and debris‐covered ice deposits may exist in the midlatitudes than previously thought. These deposits are of high importance for future human exploration missions to Mars.