bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust accumulation due to anthropogenic impact induces anatomical and photochemical changes in leaves of Centranthus ruber growing on the slope of the Vesuvius volcano
Authors: De Micco V. , Amitrano C. , Stinca A. , Izzo L. G. , Zalloni E. , Balzano A. , Barile R. , Conti P. , Arena C. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

In Mediterranean ecosystems, some natural areas are exposed to severe anthropogenic impact. Especially in summer, the considerable number of tourists visiting such areas, often with vehicles, causes deposition of dust over the vegetation due to formation of powder clouds, also favoured by wind erosion, high temperature, low precipitation and incoherent soil structure. The main aim of this study was to analyse whether the deposition of dust can induce changes in leaf anatomical functional traits and in the efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus in Centranthus ruber, a species widespread in Mediterranean ecosystems.

Leaf morpho‐functional traits were quantified in plants growing at sites characterised by high (HD) and low (LD) dust deposition, in periods with high anthropogenic impact. Analyses included quantification of chlorophyll fluorescence emission parameters, photosynthetic pigment concentration as well as stomatal size and frequency, leaf lamina thickness, quantification of intercellular spaces and phenolics in the mesophyll through microscopy.

The overall analysis suggested that the different conditions of dust deposition induced different adjustment of morpho‐functional traits in leaves of C. ruber. High dust deposition shielded the leaf lamina, protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from excess light and favoured plant photochemical efficiency. Leaves exposed to low dust deposition showed higher accumulation of phenolic compounds, protecting chloroplast membranes and characterised by high thermal dissipation of excess light.

Such adaptive phenomena can affect vegetation dynamics due to possible different species‐specific plant responses, resulting in different plant competitiveness under the limiting conditions of Mediterranean environments.
Chlorococcum turfosum comb. nov. (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) and visualization of chimeric sequences
Authors: Nakada Takashi , Watanabe Shin , Lewis Louise A. , Tomita Masaru 
Published: January 2019

SUMMARYParachlorococcum turfosum was previously described based on morphological studies of a culture collection strain originally identified as ‘Chlorococcum elkhartiense’ and on an 18S rRNA gene phylogeny of a strain derived from the same original strain but from a different culture collection. However, a subsequently published 18S rRNA gene sequence was inconsistent with the original sequence. Therefore, a new 18S rRNA gene sequence was obtained from the strain from which the holotype was derived. Comparative analyses of the new sequence using the basic local alignment search tool and a newly written Perl code, ChimViewP, which visualizes nucleotide signature shifts characteristic of chimeric sequences, revealed that the sequence used in the original description was of a chimeric nature. Similar analyses also indicated that two published ‘Chlamydomonas acidophila’ sequences are chimeric. Phylogenetic analyses excluding all putative chimeras showed that P. turfosum belongs to Chlorococcum, and thus Chlorococcum turfosum comb. nov. is proposed.
The weight of facts: A puzzle about perception, reasons and deliberation
Authors: Giananti Andrea 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHow should we understand the epistemic role of perception? According to epistemological disjunctivism (ED), a subject’s perceptual knowledge that p is to be explained in terms of the subject believing that p for a factive and reflectively accessible reason. I argue that ED raises far‐reaching questions for rationality and deliberation; I illustrate those questions by setting up a puzzle about belief‐suspension, and I argue that ED does not have the resources to make sense of the rationality of belief‐suspension in cases in which suspending is clearly rational. The conclusion that I draw from the puzzle is mainly negative: the epistemic contribution of perception cannot be explained in terms of a warrant‐conferring relation between perception and belief. However, toward the end, I sketch a positive picture of the epistemic role of perception in terms of a direct explanatory relation between perception and knowledge.
Imported input varieties and product innovation: Evidence from five developing countries
Authors: Bos Marijke J.D. , Vannoorenberghe Gonzague 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe examine how access to imported intermediate inputs affects firm‐level product innovation in five developing counties. We combine trade data with survey data on innovation and develop a method to determine whether new inputs were essential for the product innovation. We find evidence that the number of newly imported varieties has a significant impact on product innovations that rely on new inputs and provide suggestive evidence that this effect comes from access to better quality imports. We extend our analysis to assess the consequences of the increase in the number of Chinese exporting firms on product innovation in developing countries.
Aging‐related changes in the relationship between the physical self‐concept and the physical fitness in elderly individuals
Authors: Amesberger Günter , Finkenzeller Thomas , Müller Erich , Würth Sabine 
Published: January 2019

The paper focuses on long‐term changes in parameters of self‐perception (ie, physical self‐concept, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy), physical activity, and its relationship to physical fitness of healthy and active old adults. The sample of 22 physically active and healthy elderly (age Mt1 = 66.00) originates in an earlier skiing intervention study following a longitudinal study design with four time points of measurement over a period of 6 years. Self‐reports on physical self‐concept (PSK), general self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, and an activity index were assessed and compared to physical fitness data (VO2max and muscle strength). Significant time effects (over 6 years) were obtained with respect to global physical self‐concept, endurance (PSK), and VO2max. Muscle strength turned out to be stable over time. The positive correlations between VO2max and the corresponding self‐concept evaluation of endurance abilities diminished across the 6 years. Self‐esteem correlated with the PSK scales and VO2max. In contrast to our expectation, self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and activity level hardly predicted changes in the PSK scales, VO2max, and physical strength. Although VO2max and some parameters of the physical self‐concept declined over the 6 years, results indicate that physical self‐concept, self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, physical fitness, and physical activity display a complex pattern. The decrease in self‐perception measured by the correlation of PSK and physical fitness suggests that self‐concept of old adults is not sensitive to changes in physical fitness.
Mathematics achievement in the secondary high school context of STEM and non‐STEM schools
Authors: Bicer Ali , Capraro R. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare students’ mathematics achievement growth rate in Texas science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (T‐STEM) academies to students’ mathematics achievement growth rate in traditional public high schools. Forty‐six schools, 23 of which were T‐STEM academies and 23 of which were matched non‐STEM schools, were included in this study. A hierarchical linear modeling method was conducted. The result of the present study revealed that there was no difference in students’ mathematics achievement growth rate in T‐STEM academies compared to students’ mathematics achievement growth rate in comparison schools. However, in terms of ethnicity, the results indicated that African American and Hispanic students in T‐STEM academies outperformed African American and Hispanic students in comparison schools on their mathematics growth rate.
Increasing Voter Participation by Altering the Costs and Stakes of Voting*
Authors: Henrickson Kevin E. , Johnson Erica H. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesWhile many states are increasing the costs of voting through voter identification laws, Washington State has enacted two policies that may increase voter participation. Specifically, as of 2012, the entire state uses a vote‐by‐mail system, reducing the cost of voting. In addition, Washington adopted a top‐two primary format in 2008, increasing the importance of primaries.MethodsUsing turnout data between 2000 and 2014, we examine the effect of vote‐by‐mail and the top‐two primary format on voter turnout.ResultsWe find that both of these policies have had a positive impact on voter turnout in Washington State primaries, raising turnout to the point where Washington's primary turnout exceeds the general election turnout in other states.ConclusionsThese results suggest that other states might consider vote‐by‐mail and/or a top‐two primary format to increase voter participation.
Flaminal® versus Flamazine® in the treatment of partial thickness burns: A randomized controlled trial on clinical effectiveness and scar quality (FLAM study)
Authors: Rashaan Zjir M. , Krijnen Pieta , Kwa Kelly A.A. , van der Vlies Cornelis H. , Schipper Inger B. , Breederveld Roelf S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough partial thickness burns are the most frequently reported burn injuries, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and scar quality of Flaminal® Forte to silver sulfadiazine (Flamazine®) in the treatment of partial thickness burns. In this two‐arm open label multicenter randomized controlled trial, adult patients with acute partial thickness burns and an affected total body surface area of less than 30% were randomized between Flaminal® Forte and Flamazine® and followed for 12 months. Dressing changes in the Flamazine® group were performed daily, and in the Flaminal® group during the first 3 days post burn and thereafter every other day until complete wound healing or surgery. Forty‐one patients were randomly allocated to Flaminal® Forte and 48 patients to Flamazine®. The primary outcome was time to wound healing, which did not differ between the groups: median 18 days with Flaminal® Forte (range 8–49 days) versus 16 days with Flamazine® (range 7–48 days; p = 0.24). Regarding the secondary outcomes during hospital admission, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups concerning need for surgery, pain scores, pruritus, or pain‐related and anticipatory anxiety. More patients in the Flaminal® group developed wound colonization (78% versus 32%, p < 0.001), but the treatment groups did not differ regarding the incidence of local infections and use of systemic antibiotics. In terms of scar quality, no statistically significant differences between both treatment groups were found regarding subjective scar assessment (Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS)), scar melanin and pigmentation (DermaSpectrometer®), and scar elasticity and maximal extension (Cutometer®) during 12 month postburn. In conclusion, time to wound healing did not differ, but the use of Flaminal® Forte seemed favorable because less dressing changes are needed which lowers the burden of wound care.
Level Versus Uphill Economy and Mechanical Responses in Elite Ultratrail Runners
Authors: Willis Sarah J. , Gellaerts Jules , Mariani Benoît , Basset Patrick , Borrani Fabio , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:To examine the net oxygen cost, oxygen kinetics, and kinematics of level and uphill running in elite ultratrail runners.Methods:Twelve top-level ultradistance trail runners performed two 5-min stages of treadmill running (level, 0%, men 15 km·h−1, women 13 km·h−1; uphill, 12%, men 10 km·h−1, women 9 km·h−1). Gas exchanges were measured to obtain the net oxygen cost and assess oxygen kinetics. In addition, running kinematics were recorded with inertial measurement unit motion sensors on the wrist, head, belt, and foot.Results:Relationships resulted between level and uphill running regarding oxygen uptake (), respiratory exchange ratio, net energy, and oxygen cost, as well as oxygen kinetics parameters of amplitude and time delay of the primary phase and time to reachsteady state. Of interest, net oxygen cost demonstrated a significant correlation between level and uphill conditions (r = .826,P < .01). Kinematics parameters demonstrated relationships between level and uphill running, as well (including contact time, aerial time, stride frequency, and stiffness; allP < .01).Conclusion:This study indicated strong relationships between level and uphill values of net oxygen cost, the time constant of the primary phase of oxygen kinetics, and biomechanical parameters of contact and aerial time, stride frequency, and stiffness in elite mountain ultratrail runners. The results show that these top-level athletes are specially trained for uphill locomotion at the expense of their level running performance and suggest that uphill running is of utmost importance for success in mountain ultratrail races.
Stabilizing Bioimpedance-Vector-Analysis Measures With a 10-Minute Cold Shower After Running Exercise to Enable Assessment of Body Hydration
Authors: Campa Francesco , Gatterer Hannes , Lukaski Henry , Toselli Stefania 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: The exercise-induced increase in skin and body temperature, cutaneous blood flow, and electrolyte accumulation on the skin affects the validity of bioimpedance analysis to assess postexercise changes in hydration. This study aimed to assess the influence of a 10-min cold (22°C) shower on the time course of impedance measurements after controlled exercise. Methods: In total, 10 male athletes (age 26.2 [4.1] y and body mass index 23.9 [1.7] kg/m2) were tested on 2 different days. During both trials, athletes ran for 30 min on a treadmill in a room at 23°C. In a randomized crossover trial, the participants underwent a 10-min cold shower on the trial occasion and did not shower in the control trial. Bioimpedance analysis variables were measured before running (ie, baseline [T0]), immediately after exercising (T1), and 20 (T2), 40 (T3), and 60 min (T4) after the exercise. The shower was performed after T1 in the shower trial. Results: Body weight decreased similarly in both trials (−0.4% [0.1%], P < .001; −0.4% [0.1%], P < .001). Resistance and vector length returned to baseline at T2 in the shower trial, whereas baseline values were achieved at T3 in the control trial (P > .05). In the control trial, reactance remained at a lower level for the entire testing period (38.1 [6.9] vs 37.3 [6.7], P < .001). Forehead skin temperature returned to baseline values at T2 with shower, whereas it was still high at T4 without shower (P < .001). Conclusions: The present data show that a 10-min cold shower enables the stabilization of bioimpedance analysis measurements within 20 min after exercise, which might facilitate the assessment of hydration change after exercise.
The Determination of Finger-Flexor Critical Force in Rock Climbers
Authors: Giles David , Chidley Joel B. , Taylor Nicola , Torr Ollie , Hadley Josh , Randall Tom , Fryer Simon 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: To determine if the mathematical model used for the estimation of critical force (CF) and the energy store component W′ are applicable to intermittent isometric muscle actions of the finger flexors of rock climbers, using a multisession test. As a secondary aim, the agreement of estimates of CF and W′ from a single-session test was also determined. The CF was defined as the slope coefficient, and W′ was the intercept of the linear relationship between total “isometric work” (Wlim) and time to exhaustion (Tlim). Methods: Subjects performed 3 (separated by either 20 min or >24 h) tests to failure using intermittent isometric finger-flexor contractions at 45%, 60%, and 80% of their maximum voluntary contraction. Results: Force plotted against Tlim displayed a hyperbolic relationship; correlation coefficients of the parameter estimates from the work–time CF model were consistently very high (R2 > .94). Climbers’ mean CF was 425.7 (82.8) N (41.0% [6.2%] maximum voluntary contraction) and W′ was 30,882 (11,820) N·s. Good agreement was found between the single-session and multisession protocol for CF (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC3,1] = .900; 95% confidence interval, .616–.979), but not for W′ (ICC3,1 = .768; 95% confidence interval, .190–.949). Conclusions: The results demonstrated the sensitivity of a simple test for the determination of CF and W′, using equipment readily available in most climbing gyms. Although further work is still necessary, the test of CF described is of value for understanding exercise tolerance and to determine optimal training prescription to monitor improvements in the performance of the finger flexors.
The Effects of a Divided-Attention Timed Stepping Accuracy Task on Balance, Strength, Endurance, and Functional Performance in Healthy Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Leach Susan J. , Maring Joyce R. , Costello Ellen 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 6-week Divided-Attention Stepping Accuracy Task (DATSAT) intervention improved the primary outcome measure, maximal step length; other balance measures (Berg Balance scale and Timed Up and Go test); leg strength; endurance (6-min walk test); and functional tasks in 15 community-dwelling healthy older adults ( age: 71.5 years, female: 46.7%) compared with 15 community-dwelling healthy older adults in a Bike and Strength (B&S) program ( age: 73.8 years, female: 33.3%). Participants trained 3× per week, 30–60 min per session. Stepping-group differences were significant for all measures. B&S group improved in maximal step length (anterior and lateral), strength, and one functional task. Stepping group outperformed B&S group in Timed Up and Go and maximal step length posterior. B&S group outperformed stepping group in two strength measures. Exertion scores were lower for the stepping group. Overall, Divided-Attention Timed Stepping Accuracy Task training resulted in more within-group improvements and two between-group measures with less perceived effort and shorter intervention times.
Physical Activity and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin in Older Adults
Authors: Rothenbacher Dietrich , Dallmeier Dhayana , Denkinger Michael D. , Boehm Bernhard O. , Koenig Wolfgang , Klenk Jochen , _ _ 
Published: January 2019

Besides its known function as a transport protein for testosterone and other steroid hormones, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) is a biomarker associated with many adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity with SHBG serum levels in older adults. The physical activity and SHBG values for 1,259 older adults (43.4% female; 56.6% male) with a mean age of 75.6 ± 6.5 years were included in the analysis. The average daily walking duration was 104.2 ± 40.4 (mean ± SD) min. A positive dose–response relationship of daily walking duration with quartiles of SHBG was seen after adjustment for age, sex, history of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, smoking, γ-glutamyl transferase, and C-reactive protein (p for trend = .010). However, this relationship disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (p for trend = .977). Body mass index seems to be an important determinant of SHBG and a possible confounding factor in the relationship of physical activity and SHBG.
Can Learning Self-Regulatory Competencies Through a Guided Intervention Improve Coaches’ Burnout Symptoms and Well-Being?
Authors: McNeill Kylie , Durand-Bush Natalie , Lemyre Pierre-Nicolas 
Published: January 2019

While coaches are considered at risk of experiencing burnout, there is an absence of intervention studies addressing this syndrome. The purpose of this qualitative study was to conduct a self-regulation intervention with five Canadian developmental (n = 2) and elite (n = 3) sport coaches (three men, two women) experiencing moderate to high levels of burnout and examine the perceived impact of this intervention on their self-regulation capacity and experiences of burnout and well-being. The content analysis of the coaches’ outtake interviews and five bi-weekly journals revealed that all five of them learned to self-regulate more effectively by developing various competencies (e.g., strategic planning for their well-being, self-monitoring) and strategies (e.g., task delegation, facilitative self-talk). Four of the coaches also perceived improvements in their symptoms of burnout and well-being. Sport psychology interventions individualized for coaches are a promising means for helping them manage burnout and enhance their overall functioning.
Realizing, Adapting, and Thriving in Career Transitions From Gymnastics to Contemporary Circus Arts
Authors: van Rens Fleur E.C.A. , Filho Edson 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the career transition experiences of elite gymnasts who became professional circus artists. Eight (inter)national level gymnasts who worked as circus artists were interviewed. Using a constructionist approach to thematic data analysis, we identified a three-phase career transition process. High levels of psychological resilience characteristics were required in the first, “realizing” phase (i.e., motivation, hard work, social support, and optimism). The second, “adapting” phase involved balancing context-specific demands which included general stress, a loss of competence, social adjustment, taking calculated risks, and physical recovery. The third, “thriving” phase involved experiences of freedom, personal development, and social connectedness. During the career transition, changes from an athletic to circus artist identity were experienced. Practitioners are encouraged to support the psychological resilience and experiences of autonomy among circus artists during their career transitions. This is expected to facilitate circus artists’ wellbeing, safety, and career longevity.
How Coaches Can Prevent and Address Alcohol Consumption Among Student-Athletes
Authors: Chow Graig M. , Bird Matthew D. , Soendergaard Stinne , Yang Yanyun 
Published: January 2019

This manuscript seeks to offer insight about how coaches can better address drinking among collegiate student-athletes. Using a mixed-methods design, 519 NCAA coaches reported their attitudes and behaviors toward student-athlete drinking, and responded to open-ended questions about their perceived role, strategies, and challenges to addressing problems in this population. Three dimensions of coaches’ attitudes and behaviors toward student-athlete drinking emerged that were consistent regardless of the players’ or coach’s gender or division: Concerned Communication, Conditional Leniency, and Enforcement. Effective strategies identified by coaches included enforcement of policy, education about consequences of drinking, establishment of quality coach-athlete relationships, and management of athletes’ schedules. Coaches indicated the need to play a role in managing, educating, influencing, and supporting the student-athletes to prevent alcohol misuse. Coaches reported challenges regarding the culture of drinking on college campuses, individual differences (e.g., age) among student-athletes, acceptance and enforcement of the alcohol policy, lack of awareness about student-athletes’ activities, and identification of alcohol misuse.