bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact and Practical Modulo Scheduling for High-Level Synthesis
Authors: Oppermann Julian , Reuter-Oppermann Melanie , Sommer Lukas , Koch Andreas , Sinnen Oliver 
Published: May 2019

Loop pipelining is an essential technique in high-level synthesis to increase the throughput and resource utilisation of field-programmable gate array--based accelerators. It relies on modulo schedulers to compute an operator schedule that allows subsequent loop iterations to overlap partially when executed while still honouring all precedence and resource constraints. Modulo schedulers face a bi-criteria problem: minimise the initiation interval (II; i.e., the number of timesteps after which new iterations are started) and minimise the schedule length.
We present Moovac, a novel exact formulation that models all aspects (including the II minimisation) of the modulo scheduling problem as a single integer linear program, and discuss simple measures to prevent excessive runtimes, to challenge the old preconception that exact modulo scheduling is impractical.
We substantiate this claim by conducting an experimental study covering 188 loops from two established high-level synthesis benchmark suites, four different time limits, and three bounds for the schedule length, to compare our approach against a highly tuned exact formulation and a state-of-the-art heuristic algorithm. In the fastest configuration, an accumulated runtime of under 16 minutes is spent on scheduling all loops, and proven optimal IIs are found for 179 test instances.
Drugs That Modify Cholesterol Metabolism Alter the p38/JNK-Mediated Targeted and Nontargeted Response to Alpha and Auger Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Ladjohounlou Riad , Lozza Catherine , Pichard Alexandre , Constanzo Julie , Karam Jihad , Le Fur Pierre , Deshayes Emmanuel , Boudousq Vincent , Paillas Salomé , Busson Muriel , Le Blay Marion , Jarlier Marta , Marcatili Sara , Bardiès Manuel , Bruchertseifer Frank , Morgenstern Alfred , Torgue Julien , Navarro-Teulon Isabelle , Pouget Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
For the development of new anticancer therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, including alpha particle emitters, it is important to determine the contribution of targeted effects in irradiated cells, and also of nontargeted effects in nonirradiated neighboring cells, because they may affect the therapeutic efficacy and contribute to side effects.

Experimental Design:
Here, we investigated the contribution of nontargeted cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo (in xenografted mice) during alpha (212Pb/212Bi, 213Bi) and Auger (125I) radioimmunotherapy (RIT).

Results:
Between 67% and 94% (alpha RIT) and 8% and 15% (Auger RIT) of cancer cells were killed by targeted effects, whereas 7% to 36% (alpha RIT) and 27% to 29% (Auger RIT) of cells were killed by nontargeted effects. We then demonstrated that the nontargeted cell response to alpha and Auger RIT was partly driven by lipid raft–mediated activation of p38 kinase and JNK. Reactive oxygen species also played a significant role in these nontargeted effects, as demonstrated by NF-κB activation and the inhibitory effects of antioxidant enzymes and radical scavengers. Compared with RIT alone, the use of RIT with ASMase inhibitor (imipramine) or with a lipid raft disruptor (e.g., methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or filipin) led to an increase in clonogenic cell survival in vitro and to larger tumors and less tissue DNA damage in vivo. These results were supported by an inhibitory effect of pravastatin on Auger RIT.

Conclusions:
Cell membrane–mediated nontargeted effects play a significant role during Auger and alpha RIT, and drugs that modulate cholesterol level, such as statins, could interfere with RIT efficacy.
The Immune Microenvironment in Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Before and After Preoperative Chemotherapy
Authors: Waks Adrienne G. , Stover Daniel G. , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Dillon Deborah , Barry William T. , Gjini Evisa , Hartl Christina , Lo Wesley , Savoie Jennifer , Brock Jane , Wesolowski Robert , Li Zaibo , Damicis Adrienne , Philips Anne V. , Wu Yun , Yang Fei , Sullivan Amy , Danaher Patrick , Brauer Heather Ann , Osmani Wafa , Lipschitz Mikel , Hoadley Katherine A. , Goldberg Michael , Perou Charles M. , Rodig Scott , Winer Eric P. , Krop Ian E. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Tolaney Sara M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurpose:Hormone receptor–positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer is associated with low levels of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) and PD-L1, and demonstrates poor responses to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Evaluating the effect of standard chemotherapy on the immune microenvironment may suggest new opportunities for immunotherapy-based approaches to treating HR+/HER2− breast tumors.Experimental Design:HR+/HER2− breast tumors were analyzed before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. sTIL were assessed histologically; CD8+ cells, CD68+ cells, and PD-L1 staining were assessed immunohistochemically; whole transcriptome sequencing and panel RNA expression analysis (NanoString) were performed.Results:Ninety-six patients were analyzed from two cohorts (n = 55, Dana-Farber cohort; n = 41, MD Anderson cohort). sTIL, CD8, and PD-L1 on tumor cells were higher in tumors with basal PAM50 intrinsic subtype. Higher levels of tissue-based lymphocyte (sTIL, CD8, PD-L1) and macrophage (CD68) markers, as well as gene expression markers of lymphocyte or macrophage phenotypes (NanoString or CIBERSORT), correlated with favorable response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but not with improved distant metastasis-free survival in these cohorts or a large gene expression dataset (N = 302). In paired pre-/postchemotherapy samples, sTIL and CD8+ cells were significantly decreased after treatment, whereas expression analyses (NanoString) demonstrated significant increase of multiple myeloid signatures. Single gene expression implicated increased expression of immunosuppressive (M2-like) macrophage-specific genes after chemotherapy.Conclusions:The immune microenvironment of HR+/HER2− tumors differs according to tumor biology. This cohort of paired pre-/postchemotherapy samples suggests a critical role for immunosuppressive macrophage expansion in residual disease. The role of macrophages in chemoresistance should be explored, and further evaluation of macrophage-targeting therapy is warranted.
Prediction of Distant Recurrence Using EndoPredict Among Women with ER+, HER2− Node-Positive and Node-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Endocrine Therapy Only
Authors: Filipits Martin , Dubsky Peter , Rudas Margaretha , Greil Richard , Balic Marija , Bago-Horvath Zsuzsanna , Singer Christian F. , Hlauschek Dominik , Brown Krystal , Bernhisel Ryan , Kronenwett Ralf , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Fitzal Florian , Gnant Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Prognostic molecular assays may aid in treatment decisions for women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. The prognostic value of a 12-gene expression assay (EndoPredict) was reevaluated in the combined ABCSG-6/8 cohorts with longer clinical follow-up.

Experimental Design:
EndoPredict (EP; molecular score, EPclin score) was evaluated in women with ER-positive, HER2-negative node-positive and node-negative breast cancer who received 5 years of endocrine therapy only (median follow-up, 9.6 years; N = 1,702). Distant recurrence-free rate (DRFR; 95% confidence interval) was assessed 10 and 15 years after diagnosis.

Results:
Overall, 62.6% of patients had low-risk EPclin scores with significantly improved DRFR relative to high-risk patients (HR, 4.77; 95% CI, 3.37–6.67; P &lt; 0.0001). Ten-year DRFR (0–10 years) was improved among patients with low-risk versus high-risk EPclin scores in the full cohort [95.5% (94.1%–97.0%) vs. 80.3% (76.9%–83.9%)] as well as for patients with node-negative disease [95.5% (94.0%–97.1%) vs. 87.0% (82.6%–91.7%)] or with 1 to 3 positive nodes [95.6% (92.2%–99.1%) vs. 80.9% (75.9%–86.1%)]. The molecular and EPclin scores were significant predictors of DRFR after adjusting for clinical variables, regardless of nodal status. Similar results were observed for late recurrence (5–15 years; HR, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.65–7.72; P &lt; 0.0001). The EPclin score significantly added prognostic information to a late metastasis nomogram (CTS5 score; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that EPclin can identify patients at low risk for early or late recurrence who may safely forgo adjuvant chemotherapy or extended endocrine therapy, respectively, regardless of nodal status.
Drinking Water Salinity, Urinary Macro‐Mineral Excretions, and Blood Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Naser Abu Mohd , Rahman Mahbubur , Unicomb Leanne , Doza Solaiman , Gazi Mohammed Shahid , Alam Gazi Raisul , Karim Mohammed Rabiul , Uddin Mohammad Nasir , Khan Golam Kibria , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Shamsudduha Mohammad , Anand Shuchi , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Chang Howard H. , Luby Stephen P. , Gribble Matthew O. , Clasen Thomas F. 
Published: May 2019

Background

Sodium (Na
+
) in saline water may increase blood pressure (
BP
), but potassium (K
+
), calcium (Ca
2+
), and magnesium (Mg
2+
) may lower
BP
. We assessed the association between drinking water salinity and population
BP
.

Methods and Results

We pooled 6487
BP
measurements from 2 cohorts in coastal Bangladesh. We used multilevel linear models to estimate
BP
differences across water salinity categories: fresh water (electrical conductivity, <0.7 mS/cm), mild salinity (electrical conductivity ≥0.7 and <2 mS/cm), and moderate salinity (electrical conductivity ≥2 and <10 mS/cm). We assessed whether salinity categories were associated with hypertension using multilevel multinomial logistic models. Models included participant‐, household‐, and community‐level random intercepts. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (
BMI
), physical activity, smoking, household wealth, alcohol consumption, sleep hours, religion, and salt consumption. We evaluated the 24‐hour urinary minerals across salinity categories, and the associations between urinary minerals and
BP
using multilevel linear models. Compared with fresh water drinkers, mild‐salinity water drinkers had lower mean systolic
BP
(−1.55 [95%
CI
: −3.22–0.12] mm Hg) and lower mean diastolic
BP
(−1.26 [95%
CI
: −2.21–−0.32] mm Hg) adjusted models. The adjusted odds ratio among mild‐salinity water drinkers for stage 1 hypertension was 0.60 (95%
CI
: 0.43–0.84) and for stage 2 hypertension was 0.56 (95%
CI
: 0.46–0.89). Mild‐salinity water drinkers had high urinary Ca
2+
, and Mg
2+
, and both urinary Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were associated with lower BP.

Conclusions

Drinking mild‐salinity water was associated with lower
BP
, which can be explained by higher intake of Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
through saline water.
Prevalence of tool behaviour is associated with pelage phenotype in intraspecific hybrid long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea × M. f. fascicularis)
Authors: Gumert Michael D. , Tan Amanda Wei Yi , Luncz Lydia V. , Chua Constance Ting , Kulik Lars , Switzer Adam D. , Haslam Michael , Iriki Atsushi , Malaivijitnond Suchinda 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Stone-hammering behaviour customarily occurs in Burmese long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis aurea, and in some Burmese-common longtail hybrids, M. f. aurea × M. f. fascicularis; however, it is not observed in common longtails. Facial pelage discriminates these subspecies, and hybrids express variable patterns. It was tested if stone hammering related to facial pelage in 48 hybrid longtails, across two phenotypes — hybrid-like () and common-like (). In both phenotypes, tool users showed similar frequency and proficiency of stone hammering; however, common-like phenotypes showed significantly fewer tool users (42%) than hybrid-like phenotypes (76%). 111 Burmese longtails showed the highest prevalence of tool users (88%). Hybrid longtails living together in a shared social and ecological environment showed a significant difference in tool user prevalence based on facial pelage phenotype. This is consistent with inherited factors accounting for the difference, and thus could indicate Burmese longtails carry developmental biases for their tool behaviour.
A generic level review of Eupithecia Curtis and some closely related genera based on the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)
Authors: MIRONOV VLADIMIR G. , GALSWORTHY ANTHONY C. 
Published: May 2019

The history of the genus Eupithecia Curtis is reviewed, and a preliminary redescription of the genus is proposed on the basis of the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna. Several Asian species previously placed in Eupithecia have been found to be anomalous. These are examined and some are placed in related genera, two of them new (Pareupithecia and Girida). A further group (the ‘subrubescens’ group) is retained within Eupithecia as a separate species group. The genus Eva Vojnits is redescribed. A new species is described in the genus Mesoptila Meyrick. Descriptions are given of all genera involved, and full lists of taxa included within them, with the exception of Eupithecia itself. Selected adults and genitalia are illustrated. Taxonomic changes proposed in this paper include: new genera Pareupithecia, Girida; new species Mesoptila murcida; new synonymies, Emmesocoma Warren, 1907 of Mesoptila Meyrick, 1891 and Horisme sternecki Prout, 1938 of Chloroclystis chingana Wehrli, 1926; new combinations Mesoptila melanolopha Swinhoe, 1895, Mesoptila unitaeniata Warren, 1906, Mesoptila deviridata Warren, 1907, Mesoptila excita Prout, 1958, Mesoptila festiva Prout, 1916, Eupithecia eurytera Prout, 1938, Eupithecia chingana Wehrli, 1926, Pareupithecia spadix Inoue, 1955, Girida rigida Swinhoe, 1892, Girida sporadica Prout, 1932; reinstated taxon Eupithecia brevifasciaria Leech, 1897; and status change Girida sporadica Prout, 1932.
On the Angola Low Interannual Variability and Its Role in Modulating ENSO Effects in Southern Africa
Authors: Pascale Salvatore , Pohl Benjamin , Kapnick Sarah B. , Zhang Honghai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Angola low is a summertime low pressure system that affects the convergence of low-level moisture fluxes into southern Africa. Interannual variations of the Angola low reduce the seasonal prediction skills for this region that arise from coupled atmosphere–ocean variability. Despite its importance, the interannual dynamics of the Angola low, and its relationship with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other coupled modes of variability, are still poorly understood, mostly because of the scarcity of atmospheric data and short-term duration of atmospheric reanalyses in the region. To bypass this issue, we use a long-term (3500 year) run from a 50-km-resolution global coupled model capable of simulating the summertime southern African large-scale circulation and teleconnections. We find that the meridional displacement and strength of the Angola low are moderately modulated by local sea surface temperature anomalies, especially those in proximity of the southeastern African coast, and to a lesser extent by ENSO and the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole. Comparison of the coupled run with a 1000-yr run driven by climatological sea surface temperatures reveals that the interannual excursions of the Angola low are in both cases associated with geopotential height anomalies over the southern Atlantic and Indian Ocean related to extratropical atmospheric variability. Midlatitude atmospheric variability explains almost 60% of the variance of the Angola low variability in the uncoupled run, but only 20% in the coupled run. Therefore, while the Angola low appears to be intrinsically controlled by atmospheric extratropical variability, the interference of the atmospheric response forced by sea surface temperature anomalies weakens this influence.
The Nonradiative Effect Dominates Local Surface Temperature Change Caused by Afforestation in China
Authors: Ge Jun , Guo Weidong , Pitman Andrew J. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Chen Xuelong , Fu Congbin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChina is several decades into large-scale afforestation programs to help address significant ecological and environmental degradation, with further afforestation planned for the future. However, the biophysical impact of afforestation on local surface temperature remains poorly understood, particularly in midlatitude regions where the importance of the radiative effect driven by albedo and the nonradiative effect driven by energy partitioning is uncertain. To examine this issue, we investigated the local impact of afforestation by comparing adjacent forest and open land pixels using satellite observations between 2001 and 2012. We attributed local surface temperature change between adjacent forest and open land to radiative and nonradiative effects over China based on the Intrinsic Biophysical Mechanism (IBM) method. Our results reveal that forest causes warming of 0.23°C (±0.21°C) through the radiative effect and cooling of −0.74°C (±0.50°C) through the nonradiative effect on local surface temperature compared with open land. The nonradiative effect explains about 79% (±16%) of local surface temperature change between adjacent forest and open land. The contribution of the nonradiative effect varies with forest and open land types. The largest cooling is achieved by replacing grasslands or rain-fed croplands with evergreen tree types. Conversely, converting irrigated croplands to deciduous broadleaf forest leads to warming. This provides new guidance on afforestation strategies, including how these should be informed by local conditions to avoid amplifying climate-related warming.
Balancing Effort and Rewards at University: Implications for Physical Health, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes
Authors: Hodge Brad , Wright Brad , Bennett Pauleen 
Published: May 2019

Background The effort–reward imbalance model suggests that, when the efforts required within the workplace are disproportionately large in comparison to the rewards resulting from those efforts, there is an increased risk of stress-related health issues. The model posits that higher levels of “overcommitment,” in addition to a high effort–reward imbalance ratio, magnifies this risk of ill-health. While work has been conducted to assess the validity of this model within the school setting, research in the higher education sector is limited. Objectives This study explored the validity of the effort–reward imbalance model for explaining burnout, poor health, and academic productivity among university students. Design and Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional survey of Australian university students ( n = 395) from a range of universities. Results An imbalance of effort and reward was associated with poorer physical health, increased burnout, and reduced productivity. Effort–reward imbalance mediated a relationship between overcommitment and burnout; those high in overcommitment were more likely to experience an imbalance of effort and reward at university. Conclusion The relationships between effort–reward imbalance, health, burnout, and academic productivity support the generalizability of this model to the university setting. In addition, the personal characteristic of overcommitment also appears to have an important relationship with burnout.
The summer indoor temperatures of the English housing stock: Exploring the influence of dwelling and household characteristics
Authors: Petrou Giorgos , Symonds Phil , Mavrogianni Anna , Mylona Anastasia , Davies Mike 
Published: May 2019

As the high temperatures experienced during the summer of 2018 may become commonplace by 2050, adaptation to higher indoor temperatures while minimising the need for mechanical cooling is required. A thorough understanding of the factors that influence indoor temperatures can enable the design of healthier and safer dwellings under a warming climate. The aim of this paper is to provide further insight into the topic of indoor overheating through the analysis of the largest recent sample of English dwellings, the 2011 Energy Follow-Up Survey, comprised of 823 dwellings. Following the pre-processing stage, the indoor overheating risk of 795 living rooms and 799 bedrooms was quantified using the criteria defined within CIBSE's Technical Memorandum 59. Approximately 2.5% of the dwellings were found to exceed Criterion 1, with this figure approaching 26% when Criterion 2 was considered. Subsequently, the indoor temperatures were standardised against external weather conditions and the correlation of 11 dwelling and 9 household characteristics was examined. Factors such as the main heating system, tenure and occupant vulnerability were all found to have a statistically significant association with the indoor temperatures. Further analysis revealed multiple correlations between household and dwelling characteristics, highlighting the complexity of the indoor overheating problem. Practical application: By applying the criteria in CIBSE's TM59, 26% of the dwellings monitored during the 2011 Energy Follow-Up Survey were found to overheat. Since 2011 was a cool summer and future temperatures are expected to be warmer, even more dwellings are expected to fail these criteria in the future. Multiple dwelling and household characteristics were associated with higher indoor temperatures, including: dwellings with a SAP rating > 70, more recently built and with communal heating. Thus, it is crucial to consider indoor overheating risk at the building design or refurbishment stage to prevent the possible consequences of uncomfortably high indoor temperatures.
Positive Emotions During Infant Feeding and Breastfeeding Outcomes
Authors: Wouk Kathryn , Tucker Christine , Pence Brian W. , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Zvara Bharathi , Grewen Karen , Stuebe Alison M. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Few studies have examined the role of maternal emotions in breastfeeding outcomes. Research aim: We aimed to determine the extent to which positive maternal emotions during human milk feeding at 2 months were associated with time to any and exclusive human milk feeding cessation and overall breastfeeding experience. Methods: A sample of 192 women intending to breastfeed for at least 2 months was followed from the third trimester until 12 months postpartum. Positive emotions during infant feeding at 2 months were measured using the modified Differential Emotions Scale. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for time to any and exclusive human milk feeding cessation associated with a 1-point increase in positive emotions. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between positive emotions and maternal breastfeeding experience reported at 12 months. Results: Among those human milk feeding at 2 months, positive emotions during feeding were not associated with human milk feeding cessation by 12 months (aHR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.64, 1.31]). However, among women exclusively human milk feeding at 2 months, a 1-point increase in positive emotions was associated with a 35% lower hazard of introducing formula or solid foods by 6 months (aHR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.46, 0.92]). Positive emotions were associated with a significantly more favorable maternal report of breastfeeding experience at 12 months. Results were similar in sensitivity analyses using maternal feelings about breastfeeding in the first week as the exposure. Conclusions: A positive maternal emotional experience of feeding is associated with breastfeeding outcomes.