bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an instrument for direct ozone production rate measurements: measurement reliability and current limitations
Authors: Sklaveniti Sofia , Locoge Nadine , Stevens Philip S. , Wood Ezra , Kundu Shuvashish , Dusanter Sébastien 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ground-level ozone (O3) is an important pollutant that
affects both global climate change and regional air quality, with
the latter linked to detrimental effects on both human health and ecosystems.
Ozone is not directly emitted in the atmosphere but is formed from chemical
reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen
oxides (NOx= NO + NO2) and sunlight. The photochemical
nature of ozone makes the implementation of reduction strategies challenging
and a good understanding of its formation chemistry is fundamental in order
to develop efficient strategies of ozone reduction from mitigation measures
of primary VOCs and NOx emissions. An instrument for direct measurements of ozone production rates (OPRs) was
developed and deployed in the field as part of the IRRONIC (Indiana Radical,
Reactivity and Ozone Production Intercomparison) field campaign. The OPR
instrument is based on the principle of the previously published MOPS
instrument (Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor) but using a different
sampling design made of quartz flow tubes and a different Ox (O3
and NO2) conversion–detection scheme composed of an O3-to-NO2
conversion unit and a cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy (CAPS) NO2 monitor.
Tests performed in the laboratory and in the field, together with model
simulations of the radical chemistry occurring inside the flow tubes, were
used to assess (i) the reliability of the measurement principle and (ii) potential biases associated with OPR measurements. This publication reports the first field measurements made using this
instrument to illustrate its performance. The results showed that a
photo-enhanced loss of ozone inside the sampling flow tubes disturbs the
measurements. This issue needs to be solved to be able to perform accurate
ambient measurements of ozone production rates with the instrument described
in this study. However, an attempt was made to investigate the OPR
sensitivity to NOx by adding NO inside the instrument. This type of
investigations allows checking whether our understanding of the turnover
point between NOx-limited and NOx-saturated regimes of ozone
production is well understood and does not require measuring ambient OPR but
instead only probing the change in ozone production when NO is added. During
IRRONIC, changes in ozone production rates ranging from the limit of
detection (3σ) of 6.2 ppbv h−1 up to 20 ppbv h−1 were
observed when 6 ppbv of NO was added into the flow tubes.
The river absorption capacity determination as a tool to evaluate state of surface water
Authors: Wilk Paweł , Orlińska-Woźniak Paulina , Gębala Joanna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In order to complete a thorough and systematic assessment of water quality, it
is useful to measure the absorption capacity of a river. Absorption capacity
is understood as a pollution load introduced into river water that will not
cause permanent and irreversible changes in the aquatic ecosystem and will
not cause a change in the classification of water quality in the river
profile. In order to implement the method, the Macromodel DNS/SWAT basin for
the Middle Warta pilot (central Poland) was used to simulate nutrient loads.
This enabled detailed analysis of water quality in each water body and the
assessment of the size of the absorption capacity parameter, which allows the determination of how much pollution can be added to the river without compromising
its quality class. Positive values of the calculated absorption capacity
parameter mean that it is assumed that the ecosystem is adjusted in such a way that it can eliminate pollution loads through a number of
self-purification processes. Negative values indicate that the load limit has
been exceeded, and too much pollution has been introduced into the ecosystem
for it to be able to deal with through the processes of self-purification.
Absorption capacity thus enables the connection of environmental standards of
water quality and water quality management plans in order to meet these
standards.
Spirituality and Gestalt: A Gestalt-Transpersonal Perspective
Authors: Williams Lynn, 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMany people who have participated in Gestalt therapy and training often label their experiences as having been profound and spiritual in nature. Aspects of Gestalt therapy have been connected to a variety of religious and spiritual traditions. Literature and personal experience in Gestalt circles have provided testimony to connections between a Gestalt approach and spirituality. Integrating transpersonal perspectives may provide a comprehensive and clear outline of the connections between a Gestalt approach and spirituality, a definition of spirituality, and implications for spiritual development. This article explores Gestalt theory and transpersonal perspectives and principles, such as Ken Wilber's model of spirituality and spiritual development, Wilber's Big Three model; dialogical approach to relationship; and Jorge Ferrer's “participatory knowing,” to begin to outline a relational and interactive model of spirituality and spiritual experience. This Gestalt-transpersonal framework can illustrate more clearly how spirituality manifests itself in Gestalt therapy and in the therapeutic relationship. This approach also emphasizes using the relational field as the basis for higher spiritual development in both the client and the therapist.
A Survey of the Practice of Gestalt Group Therapy: A Second Encore Presentation
Authors: Feder Bud, , Frew Jon E., 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe authors surveyed 101 Gestalt therapists about their practice patterns in leading groups from a Gestalt perspective, including therapy, training, supervision, organizational development, and educational groups. The survey revealed that the group continues to be a popular and important modality among Gestalt therapists, particularly in conducting therapy, training, and supervision activities. The practice demographics of those types of groups, including numbers of participants, frequency, and duration, have not changed significantly in the past 30 years. Therapy group leaders in 2002 however, are relying on a blend of approaches that draw on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and systems level interventions. The shift away from an exclusive or predominant “hot seat” approach, popular in the 1960s and 1970s, continues. Finally, survey respondents indicated that “group support” was the most important curative factor in current Gestalt therapy groups.
Sales and Gestalt: Our Alienated Fragment
Authors: Palmer William 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Alienated fragments interfere with healthy function by limiting choices or driving habitually unsatisfying behavior. We may see this phenomenon occur in our clinical or organizational practices or within ourselves on various issues. However, when it comes to the business side of Gestalt, we may fail to notice the alienated fragments that influence our behavior with respect to marketing and selling. This article suggests that this prevents us from supporting our own efforts to market and sell our own clinical or organizational practices. The author proposes some reasons that these alienated fragments may exist and, using Gestalt theory as a guide, suggests some ways to come to terms with them.
Supervising the Revisited Fritz Perls: Reflecting on “Real Gestalt”
Authors: Wyman Lester, , Cohen Arie, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper demonstrates an approach to supervisory debriefing with therapists based on a clinical session held by Fritz Perls that was previously reported by S. S. Rosenberg and J. E. Lynch in this journal. The foundations of this approach are based on a practice model favored by the authors, and includes the theoretical ground for intervention; values and principles of practice, methods and techniques; and level of system to which an intervention is directed.
Toward a Concept of Prenatal Self in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Righetti Pier Luigi , Mione Maria 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Starting with Salonia's synoptic study (1989) on children's development from 0 to 3 years of age, this article proposes an analysis of intrauterine development based on contact experience. Pregnancy is a part of any individual's life. It is a part of the first human experience, and an important period for the physiological development of our bodies, but it is important for the birth and development of psychological experience, too. It is at that moment we realize that the exciting experience of continuing to talk about children has just begun.
Gestalt Therapy and the Concretization of Nietzsche's Metaphor
Authors: Smith Edward W. L., 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Following a brief acknowledgement of the widespread influence of Nietzsche's philosophy on psychotherapy, I make a specific case for a strong influence on Gestalt therapy. In presenting this case, I focus on Nietzsche's elaborate use of an eating metaphor in his diatribe against those who have not learned to discriminate from the subjective position of “I.” Suggesting that Perls was influenced by Nietzsche's metaphor, I examine his explication of the hunger instinct, aggression, and his model of “psycho-dental stages of development.” I suggest that the metaphorical approach of Nietzsche and the scholarly essay approach of Perls enhance one another, leading to greater understanding when taken together.
Existential Explosion and Gestalt Therapy for Gay Male Survivors of Domestic Violence
Authors: Kondas Dorian, 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Gestalt approaches to gay male domestic violence survivors may better address gay-related concerns and attend to deep, unresolved issues that may remain neglected in other therapies. It is demonstrated that Gestalt therapy is highly appropriate for battered gay men and that the dynamics of explosion as understood in Gestalt are pivotal, existentially and therapeutically, in the case study presented. Clinical results of the study suggest that cathartic release of emotion, even in its dramatic expression, need not be feared as a source of retraumatization, but may be healing of trauma provided that the client remains in contact with the therapist throughout the explosive process. A seven-stage clinical model of explosion and implosion is proposed based on treatment outcomes in the case presented.
Dynamic Co-Presencing: A Creative Approach to the Gestalt of Curiosity
Authors: Williams Lynn , Plagens Cameron 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article describes a creative, relational process we call Dynamic Co-Presencing. It is an integration of Otto Scharmer's (2007) U Process and Gordon Wheeler's (2003) experimental zone; combining these two theories provides a snapshot of the infrastructure of both the inner and outer worlds, and how these worlds meet and co-evolve individually and collectively through the “zone of creativity” and the sacred “space between.” We explore the phases of the Dynamic Co-presencing Field and the interrelationship of the 7 U processes or “cycles” of creativity that emerged. Through our model and its applications, we demonstrate how this approach can create a sacred space for Divine intimacy and for our hearts to open to the wonder, zest, and newness in the Life process both within ourselves and within each other.
Commentary II: Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching
Authors: Walk Mary Anne 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
I have coached executives and teams for more than 20 years. The Gestalt Cycle of Experience was introduced to me in 1993. As I incorporated the theory into my coaching practice, I found that it helped create common language between my clients and myself. This model has supported me as a Master Coach, while also supporting my clients to understand better how change moves through a continuum, and how resistance is present at every point.
This commentary will further explore the observations made by Stuart N. Simon in his article, “Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching.” Simon has chosen to write about awareness and contact as two of the critical areas of the Cycle of Experience as it relates to coaching. To explore coaching as it relates to the Cycle of Experience is interesting; as a client builds energy to move through the Cycle of Experience, they also build energy to move through the Cycle of Coaching.
Commentary III: Applying Gestalt Theory to Coaching
Authors: Gillie Marion 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In his paper, Stuart N. Simon describes the evolution of the “profession” of coaching over the last decade or so, and the relatively recent interest in the application of Gestalt theory to coaching. In this Commentary, I want first to support Simon's assertion that “Gestalt theory easily lends itself to offering a significant contribution to the field of professional coaching” by drawing links with research and writing of other coaches who do not have a Gestalt background. Second, I want to explore a question raised by Simon but not answered: “What is the difference between coaching and therapy?” particularly in the context of executive coaching where the work takes place within the organisational context.
Making Contact with the Self-Injurious Adolescent: Borderline Personality Disorder, Gestalt Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Interventions
Authors: Williams Lynn 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGestalt therapists who work with children and adolescents will inevitably encounter clients who present self-injurious behaviors. This article provides a combined Gestalt and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy theoretical basis for understanding and intervening with these challenging individuals. In this model, core Gestalt theoretical ideas overlap with a select group of DBT principles, which include awareness, mindfulness, sensory body experience, emotion regulation, acceptance, and the client/therapist relationship as agents of change. These principles can be integrated to create a holistic and effective approach with related interventions for treating self-injurious adolescents. Gestalt therapists can use these integrated interventions as “awareness tools” to promote the developmental process and encourage maximum growth of the client through increased awareness of themselves and their contact processes, and through improved self-regulation skills.
Toward a Developmental Perspective in Gestalt Therapy Theory and Practice: The Polyphonic Development of Domains
Authors: Lobb Margherita Spagnuolo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo answer the question, “What developmental theory is coherent for a Gestalt therapist?” the author states that, as clinicians, Gestalt therapists are not interested in a theory of development in itself, but in a “developmental mind” (a map to understand how the past reveals itself in the present) that can help them intuit both the evolution of contact modes in clients and their interrupted movement – the blocked intentionality for contact that calls to be freed in the present moment. She presents a model to observe how the resources of our clients have either kept their freshness or have become dormant.As a key theme in this work, the author proposes the concept of polyphonic development of domains, a suitable way of looking at the client's development in the here-and-now of the session, in order to support the excitement for contact which has lost its spontaneity in development. She describes Gestalt domains, with their characteristics and risks. Finally, she illustrates these concepts with a clinical example.
Commentary III. Finding the Line: Resolving Dialectical Tensions in Developmental and Gestalt Therapy Theory
Authors: Mortola Peter 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this response to Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb's article, I address three of the domains described and highlight them as dialectical tensions that must be resolved in an ongoing process of healthy development. I work to tie these dialectical domains from Gestalt theory into the larger theme from developmental theory, regarding the way in which we grow through such healthy resolution of the dialectical tensions we face.
What's a Gestalt?
Authors: Sabar Stephanie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract“What's a Gestalt?” “What does ‘Gestalt’ mean?” Why is it called “Gestalt therapy?” When pressed to answer one of these questions, we often find ourselves tongue-tied, unable to give a simple explanation. There is good reason for that, as there is none. I have explored the history of this concept, tracing its etymology, its development in Gestalt philosophy and Gestalt psychology, and finally its application to clinical practice in Gestalt therapy. I could not give a simple definition and had to describe it in terms of nine different Gestalt qualities. These characteristics, when illustrated by concrete examples, can suddenly bring us to a realization of what this word really means.
Coaching and Therapy: Finding Common Ground in Gestalt Practice
Authors: Rutkowski Nancy 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The same foundational principles—phenomenology and “The Paradoxical Theory of Change”—underlie Gestalt practice and give rise to common ground, whether the practitioner is a coach or a therapist. The distinctions often made between the two professions are further attenuated when either coach or therapist adopts a fundamental tenet of the Gestalt International Study Center's (GISC) Cape Cod Model©—a focus on the “well-developed.” This article explores common ground shared by these practitioners and challenges the easy distinctions often made between the two professions.
“Schizophrenia” Part I: A Gestalt Analysis and Critique of Genetic Variables
Authors: Burley Todd , Kuehfuss Kristy , Barrera Kyrstle , Grattan Jennifer , Sickler John , Beck Henry , Goldsmith Stephanie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Schizophrenia is an enigmatic diagnosis, and the etiology of the illness is not well understood. A large body of research has investigated the genetic factors underlying schizophrenia in hope of a genotype-based etiological explanation for the schizophrenic phenotype. This first article in a five-part series reviews and explores the current and historical genetic research on the diagnosis, and questions the assumption that genetic variables hold the explanatory key for unlocking the development of the disorder. The authors of this article posit that the Gestalt therapy treatment model is an effective treatment, given the disparate factors contributing to the clinical presentation.
The Question of Anger: On Frank and Barbara Staemmler's Critique of Perls
Authors: Skovgaard Ruth , Winther-Jensen Lise 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article opens with a discussion of Frank and Barbara Staemmler's (2009) critique of Fritz Perls's understanding of anger. It repeats the most important conclusions of that critique before elaborating upon it and disagreeing with Staemmler and Staemmler's understanding of anger as being mainly destructive. The healing potential of conscious anger mainly in relation to boundary marking is emphasized, together with the understanding of anger as an important factor in psychological development. Finally, the article offers a broad theoretical discussion of anger, a consideration of therapeutic practice, and a literary description of anger and of relational practice in general.
The Phenomenological Method in Husserl and in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Crocker Sylvia Fleming 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
There is some confusion among many Gestalt therapists as to the nature of the phenomenological method. The purpose of this essay is to take a fresh look at Edmund Husserl's (1859–1938) mature understanding of his method, and to show that the method Gestalt therapists actually use in working with clients—in contrast to how it is often discussed in Gestalt circles—is a fairly pure application of it. The difference is that, while Husserl was in search of pure universal essences for the sake of knowledge itself, a Gestalt therapist seeks an increasingly exquisite understanding of the living of a unique and singular individual person, and does so in the service of human change.
Bereavement, Grief, and Mourning: A Gestalt Perspective
Authors: Sabar Stephanie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Loss and bereavement are inevitable parts of life. Grief and mourning are the ways we have of expressing and assimilating these experiences. Many aspects of Gestalt therapy are well suited to working through the mourning process. In this paper the tasks of mourning are defined, and the Gestalt approach is compared with traditional bereavement counseling to see where and how they can be integrated and in what ways they may be different. Illustrative examples are drawn from current and past historical periods, cross-cultural customs and rituals, and the author's experience as a social worker working with people with HIV/AIDS, the elderly, hospice patients, and their families.
Generational Conflict: A New Paradigm for Teams of the 21st Century
Authors: Karp H. B. , Sirias Danilo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Recent literature has been pointing to the fact that, in the workplace, there has been a growing state of tension and conflict between the Baby Boomers, those between 55 and 37 years of age, and Generation X, those between 36 and 18 years of age. A study was conducted to see if there were any significant differences between the Boomers and the Xers in the extent to which they valued teams. The study yielded the unexpected result that the Xers were significantly more team-oriented than were the Boomers. A second study was immediately undertaken to see whether there were any significant differences in terms of individualism versus collectivism between the generations. The second study showed that the Xers were significantly more individualistic than the Boomers. The combined finding from both studies (i.e., that Generation X is significantly more team-oriented and more individualistic than the Baby Boomers suggests that team building is as important as ever but must be conducted under a different paradigm.
Major differences between the two generations are presented, as well as a comparison of two polar models for team development. The Traditional model, which is supportive of Boomer values, is presented and contrasted to the Authentic model, which originates in the Gestalt theory base and is more closely associated with the Xers' values, as suggested by the research. Ten suggestions are presented for working with teams that include Generation Xers.
Gestalt Therapy and the Phenomenological Method
Authors: Riet Vernon van de 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the last several years Gestalt therapists have been arguing about the value of the phenomenological method in the practice of psychotherapy. Some question its validity, believing that it is so flawed that it should be abandoned as a psychotherapeutic method. This article spells out what the method is, advocates its use, and explores its limitations. The article clarifies how the phenomenological method serves the therapy process and what the therapist needs to know and understand about it to maximize its value.
The Development of One's Personality and Creativity Through a Two-Year Course: A Commentary
Authors: Deseyn Stiene 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article describes how an artistic perspective is employed to teach creativity in a two-year course on personal education and creativity. The focus is on the group and the indivdiual, as well as on the adapted use of artistic assignments. I also draw attention to the development of different Gestalt trainers each with his or her specific skills within the artistic field. I end by describing how these methods can be applied to work within organizations.