bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal computational neocortical anatomy in pediatric hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Adler Sophie , Blackwood Mallory , Northam Gemma B. , Gunny Roxana , Hong Seok‐Jun , Bernhardt Boris C. , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Jacques Thomas , Tisdall Martin , Carmichael David W. , Cross J. Helen , Baldeweg Torsten 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn contrast to adult cohorts, neocortical changes in epileptic children with hippocampal damage are not well characterized. Here, we mapped multimodal neocortical markers of epilepsy‐related structural compromise in a pediatric cohort of temporal lobe epilepsy and explored how they relate to clinical factors.MethodsWe measured cortical thickness, gray–white matter intensity contrast and intracortical FLAIR intensity in 22 patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and 30 controls. Surface‐based linear models assessed between‐group differences in morphological and MR signal intensity markers. Structural integrity of the hippocampus was measured by quantifying atrophy and FLAIR patterns. Linear models were used to evaluate the relationships between hippocampal and neocortical MRI markers and clinical factors.ResultsIn the hippocampus, patients demonstrated ipsilateral atrophy and bilateral FLAIR hyperintensity. In the neocortex, patients showed FLAIR signal hyperintensities and gray–white matter boundary blurring in the ipsilesional mesial and lateral temporal neocortex. In contrast, cortical thinning was minimal and restricted to a small area of the ipsilesional temporal pole. Furthermore, patients with a history of febrile convulsions demonstrated more pronounced FLAIR hyperintensity in the ipsilesional temporal neocortex.InterpretationPediatric HS patients do not yet demonstrate the widespread cortical thinning present in adult cohorts, which may reflect consequences of a protracted disease process. However, pronounced temporal neocortical FLAIR hyperintensity and blurring of the gray–white matter boundary are already detectable, suggesting that alterations in MR signal intensities may reflect a different underlying pathophysiology that is detectable earlier in the disease and more pervasive in patients with a history of febrile convulsions.
Regulatory B cells in myasthenia gravis are differentially affected by therapies
Authors: Yilmaz Vuslat , Maillard Solène , Truffault Frédérique , Bolgert Francis , Behin Anthony , Regnard Jean‐François , Berrih‐Aknin Sonia , Le Panse Rozen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe analyzed the number and functionality of regulatory B (Breg) cells in well‐defined myasthenia gravis patients. We first showed a decreased number of circulating CD19+CD24++CD38++ Breg cells and an altered functionality of Breg cells in untreated myasthenia gravis patients. Next, we demonstrated that the proportion of circulating Breg cells was restored in myasthenia gravis patients after thymectomy, probably as Breg cells could be sequestered in the myasthenia gravis thymus. In contrast, corticosteroid treatments did not restore and decreased even more the proportion of Breg cells in myasthenia gravis patients. These results clearly demonstrated that two distinct immunomodulatory therapies affect differentially Breg cells.
Direct CVD Growth of Graphene on Technologically Important Dielectric and Semiconducting Substrates
Authors: Khan Afzal , Islam Sk Masiul , Ahmed Shahzad , Kumar Rishi R. , Habib Mohammad R. , Huang Kun , Hu Ming , Yu Xuegong , Yang Deren 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo fabricate graphene based electronic and optoelectronic devices, it is highly desirable to develop a variety of metal‐catalyst free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques for direct synthesis of graphene on dielectric and semiconducting substrates. This will help to avoid metallic impurities, high costs, time consuming processes, and defect‐inducing graphene transfer processes. Direct CVD growth of graphene on dielectric substrates is usually difficult to accomplish due to their low surface energy. However, a low‐temperature plasma enhanced CVD technique could help to solve this problem. Here, the recent progress of metal‐catalyst free direct CVD growth of graphene on technologically important dielectric (SiO2, ZrO2, HfO2, h‐BN, Al2O3, Si3N4, quartz, MgO, SrTiO3, TiO2, etc.) and semiconducting (Si, Ge, GaN, and SiC) substrates is reviewed. High and low temperature direct CVD growth of graphene on these substrates including growth mechanism and morphology is discussed. Detailed discussions are also presented for Si and Ge substrates, which are necessary for next generation graphene/Si/Ge based hybrid electronic devices. Finally, the technology development of the metal‐catalyst free direct CVD growth of graphene on these substrates is concluded, with future outlooks.
Fatherhood and psychobiology in the Philippines: Perspectives on joint profiles and longitudinal changes of fathers' estradiol and testosterone
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Kuo Patty X. , Bechayda Sonny Agustin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesResearch on the psychobiology of partnering and fathering has focused on testosterone (T), oxytocin, and prolactin (PRL) as mechanisms that potentially mediate life history trade‐offs related to those roles. Less is known about other hormones that might be responsive to life history transitions and implicated in fathering, such as estradiol (E2). We examined how E2 changed during the transition to marriage and fatherhood, its correlation with fathers' caregiving, and its joint within‐individual production with other hormones (T, PRL).MethodsData were collected from a total of 913 Filipino men (aged 25.9 years ± 0.3 SD at follow‐up) enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. Morning saliva samples collected at baseline (2005) and follow‐up (2009) were assayed for T and E2 (n = 329), dried blood spots from baseline were assayed for PRL. Fathers reported on caregiving in 2009.ResultsWhen compared with men who remained single non‐fathers over the study period, men who became married residential fathers experienced larger declines in E2. This effect was non‐significant when we controlled for longitudinal changes in T. E2 was not significantly related to fathers' caregiving, controlling for T. In cross‐sectional analyses for PRL, T, and E2, married residential fathers exhibited within‐individual profiles of reduced T and elevated PRL, whereas single non‐fathers exhibited the opposite profile of elevated T and reduced PRL.ConclusionsOur findings point to the need for future research to consider the mutually regulatory dynamics and/or combinatorial implications of multiple physiological axes acting within individuals to underpin life history trade‐offs and behavioral strategies.
Phthalorubines: Fused‐Ring Compounds Synthesized from Phthalonitrile
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhao Yuan , Zhuang Wen‐Hao , Wu Jing‐Jing , Wang Fang‐Zhou , Li Cheng‐Hui , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA series of dibenzo[a,f][1,3,5]triazino[2,1,6‐cd] pyrrolizine compounds have been synthesized from phthalonitriles by a facile intramolecular cyclization process using “half‐phthalocyanine” precursors, and they were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis, and theoretical calculations. These compounds have spectroscopic profiles similar to phthalocyanines and porphyrins, although their inner‐core structures and coordination types are totally different. They can be regarded as a new class of aromatic fused‐ring compounds. The low‐energy absorption of these new fused‐ring compounds are located at around 600 nm. Such a low‐energy π–π* transition is scarce in aromatic compounds having a similar molecular size. According to the nomenclature of phthalocyanines, these types of compounds have been named phthalorubines (Prs).
Stereoselective Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes
Authors: Jinks Michael A. , de Juan Alberto , Denis Mathieu , Fletcher Catherine J. , Galli Marzia , Jamieson Ellen M. G. , Modicom Florian , Zhang Zhihui , Goldup Stephen M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChiral interlocked molecules in which the mechanical bond provides the sole stereogenic unit are typically produced with no control over the mechanical stereochemistry. Here we report a stereoselective approach to mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes in up to 98:2 d.r. using a readily available α‐amino acid‐derived azide. Symmetrization of the covalent stereocenter yields a rotaxane in which the mechanical bond provides the only stereogenic element.
Solvent‐Mediated Synthesis of Cyclobutane Isomers in a Photoactive Cadmium(II) Porous Coordination Polymer
Authors: Claassens Isabella E. , Nikolayenko Varvara I. , Haynes Delia A. , Barbour Leonard J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhotochemical [2+2] cycloaddition of 1,4‐bis[2‐(4‐pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene, carried out in a CdII porous coordination polymer (PCP), produces different isomeric products depending on the guest solvent present in the PCP during irradiation. The nature of the included guest influences the conformation of the ligand, and thus the outcome of the cycloaddition reaction. We demonstrate controlled production of the two isomers from the same PCP by simple exchange of solvent.
Synthesis of Elongated Esters from Alkenes
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Funakoshi Yuuta , Nakahashi Junki , Moriyama Daisuke , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA convenient method for synthesizing elongated aliphatic esters from alkenes is reported. An (alkoxycarbonyl)methyl radical species is generated upon visible‐light irradiation of an ester‐stabilized phosphorus ylide in the presence of a photoredox catalyst. This radical species adds onto the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene to produce an elongated aliphatic ester.
Grouping Effect of Single Nickel−N4 Sites in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Boosts Hydrogen Transfer Coupling of Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Su Hui , Gao Peng , Wang Meng‐Ying , Zhai Guang‐Yao , Zhang Jun‐Jun , Zhao Tian‐Jian , Su Juan , Antonietti Markus , Li Xin‐Hao , Chen Jie‐Sheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs a new type of heterogeneous catalyst with “homogeneous‐like” activity, single‐site transition‐metal materials are usually treated as integrated but separate active centers. A novel grouping effect is reported for single Ni−N4 sites in nitrogen‐doped carbon (Ni/NC), where an effective ligand‐stabilized polycondensation method endows Ni/NC nanocatalysts with a high content of single‐site Ni up to 9.5 wt %. The enhanced electron density at each single Ni−N4 site promotes a highly efficient hydrogen transfer, which is exemplified by the coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline into N‐benzylaniline with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 7.0 molN‐benzylaniline molmetal−1 h−1; this TOF outpaces that of reported stable non‐noble‐metal‐based catalysts by a factor of 2.
Reversible Band Gap Narrowing of Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystal with Excellent Phase Stability
Authors: Ju Dianxing , Zheng Xiaopeng , Liu Jialiang , Chen Yan , Zhang Jian , Cao Bingqiang , Xiao Hang , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M. , Tao Xutang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn intriguing reversible band gap narrowing behavior of the lead‐free hybrid perovskite single crystal DMASnI3(DMA=CH3NH2CH3+) from yellow to black is observed without phase transformation. We discuss the transformation mechanism in detail. More interestingly, the transformed samples in black can rapidly self‐heal into yellow ones when exposed to deionized water (DI water). Contrary to other hybrid perovskites, DMASnI3crystals exhibit excellent water phase stability. For example, DMASnI3was immersed in DI water for 16 h and no decomposition was observed. Inspired by its excellent water phase stability, we demonstrate a potential eco‐friendly application of DMASnI3in photo‐catalysis for H2evolution in DI water. We present the first H2evolution rate of 0.64 μmol h−1with good recycling properties for pure DMASnI3crystals. After the narrowing process, the optical band gap of DMASnI3can be lowered from 2.48 eV to 1.32 eV. Systematical characterizations are applied to investigate their structures and optoelectronic properties. The reversible band gap narrowing behavior and outstanding electrical properties, such as higher carrier mobility and long carrier lifetime show that DMASnI3has a great potential for optoelectronic applications.
Copper‐Catalyzed Ring Opening of Benzofurans and an Enantioselective Hydroamination Cascade
Authors: Xu‐Xu Qing‐Feng , Liu Qiang‐Qiang , Zhang Xiao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA copper(II) acetate/(R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS‐catalyzed ring opening of benzofurans and enantioselective hydroamination cascade with dimethoxymethylsilane (DMMS) and hydroxylamine esters is described. Starting from readily available substituted benzofurans, a series of chiral N,N‐dibenzylaminophenols, which are of high interest in pharmaceutical chemistry, were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 66 % yield, 94 % ee).
Carbonyl–Olefin Cross‐Metathesis Through a Visible‐Light‐Induced 1,3‐Diol Formation and Fragmentation Sequence
Authors: Pitzer Lena , Sandfort Frederik , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Glorius Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA visible‐light‐mediated approach to carbonyl–olefin cross‐metathesis is described. Photoinduced hole catalysis was used to promote the formation of 1,3‐diols from aldehydes and styrenes, which were then readily fragmented under acidic conditions to form the cross‐metathesis products. The use of 1,3‐diols as intermediates, rather than the energetically more demanding oxetanes, provides a new, orthogonal mechanistic strategy for carbonyl–olefin cross‐metathesis. Furthermore, this approach does not require any metals, ligands, or additives, and provides the products with high levels of E selectivity. A mechanistic rationale is provided and supported by both theoretical calculations and experiments. Additionally, a practical synthesis of a new acridinium‐based photocatalyst, including full characterization, is presented.
Strategies to Enhance the Photosensitization: Polymerization and the Donor–Acceptor Even–Odd Effect
Authors: Liu Shunjie , Zhang Haoke , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Junkai , Du Lili , Chen Ming , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Phillips David Lee , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA particular challenge in the design of organic photosensitizers (PSs) with donor–acceptor (D‐A) structures is that it is based on trial and error rather than specific rules. Now these challenges are addressed by proposing two efficient strategies to enhance the photosensitization efficiency: polymerization‐facilitated photosensitization and the D‐A even–odd effect. Conjugated polymers have been found to exhibit a higher 1O2 generation efficiency than their small molecular counterparts. Furthermore, PSs with A‐D‐A structures show enhanced photosensitization efficiency over those with D‐A‐D structures. Theoretical calculations suggest an enhanced intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency by these strategies. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the resulting materials can be used as photosensitizers in image‐guided photodynamic anticancer therapy. These guidelines are applicable to other polymers and small molecules to lead to the development of new PSs.
Highly resilient polyethylene elastomers prepared using α‐diimine nickel catalyst with highly conjugated backbone
Authors: He Feng , Wang Dan , Wu Anyang , Jiang Baiyu , Zhang Zhen , Cheng Zhenmei , Fu Zhisheng , Zhang Qisheng , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2018

An α‐diimine nickel catalyst (Cat‐1) with highly conjugated acenaphthylene backbone was synthesized and used in ethylene polymerization. Compared with typical Brookhart catalyst B‐Cat, Cat‐1 could produce polyethylene with both higher molecular weight (up to 5.1 × 105 g mol−1) and branching density (up to 135 branches per 1000 carbons) in good polymerization activity. The polyethylene prepared using Cat‐1 with higher molecular weight and branching density possessed exceptional mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break could reach 12.08 MPa and 1148%) and outstanding elastomeric recovery as compared with the polymer prepared using B‐Cat. Cat‐1 was synthesized using a simple reaction route and the polymerization conditions were suitable for the industrial polymerization process. The novel nickel catalyst Cat‐1 is promising for producing highly resilient polyethylene elastomers industrially.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, x‐ray crystal structures, thermal behavior and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) complexes with the novel (3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)(morpholin‐4‐yl)methanethione
Authors: El‐Samanody El‐Sayed A. 
Published: September 2018

The new (3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)(morpholin‐4‐yl) methanethione ligand (L) and its copper(II) chelates Cu(L)Br2 (1), Cu(L)Cl2 (2) and [Cu(L)2OH(H2O)]ClO4·1.5H2O (3) have been prepared. The coordination behavior of the ligand and the properties of the chelate compounds have been investigated by several physico‐chemical techniques. The structures of (L), (1), and (2) have been characterized by x‐ray single crystal diffraction. The ligand (L) crystalizes in the monoclinic P21/n space group, a = 11.2632(4), b = 7.9959(2), c = 13.4337(5) Å, α = 90, β = 106.3080(14), γ = 90°. The copper(II) complexes (1) and (2) show a distorted square‐planar geometries, with the ligand behaves as a bidentates NS chelating agent, coordinating to the copper(II) ions through the N atom of the pyrazolyl ring and the thione S atom, the third and fourth coordination sites are occupied by two halogen (Br− or Cl−) ions. The ESR spectra of the prepared complexes are consistent with d(x2‐y2)1 ground state with axial symmetry. The thermal analysis data of the Cu(II) complexes (1 and 2) indicated that they have similar thermal degradation pathways. The complexes displayed antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi higher than that of the free organic ligand. The reaction of Cu(L)Cl2 (2) with pyridine (py) in ethanol at room temperature does not form mixed‐ligand complex, but leads to complete substitution of the ligand (L). The product of the substitution reaction was characterized based on elemental analyses and FT‐IR measurements.
HDPE/UHMWPE composite foams prepared by compression molding with optimized foaming capacity and mechanical properties
Authors: Sun P. , Qian T. Y. , Ji X. Y. , Wu C. , Yan Y. S. , Qi R. R. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTHigh‐density polyethylene (HDPE) foams have attracted increasing interest because of their excellent toughness, chemical stability, and low cost. However, the low melt strength and narrow foaming window usually lead to poor foaming capacity and performances prepared by compression molding under high temperature for HDPE. Herein, ultra high‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is used to improve the melt strength, melting temperature, mechanical properties, and foaming capacity of HDPE. The HDPE/UHMWPE composite foams are fabricated by the single‐stage compression molding with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent and azodicarbonamide (ADC) as a foaming agent. The effects of UHMWPE, DCP, and ADC on the cellular morphology, foaming density, and mechanical properties have also been investigated. The results show that UHMWPE can enhance the foaming capacity and physical properties of HDPE and make it feasible to prepare HDPE foams with a wide density range just by adjusting the content of foaming agent. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46768.
Role of isophorone diisocyanate in the optimization of adhesion tendency of polyurethane pressure sensitive adhesives
Authors: Akram Nadia , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Saeed Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Khan Waheed Gul 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe present work describes the role of accurate selection of diisocyanate on the adhesion strength of polyurethanes (PUs). The concentration of diisocyanate induces the hard segment (HS) in the main architecture of PUs which decides the viscoelastic properties of the polymers. A balanced ratio of viscoelastic properties ultimately determines the adhesion strength. The composition of the polymers consists of a blend of macrodiol of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene and polypropylene glycol with different molecular weights. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) is used to develop the urethane linkages by maintaining its contribution from 28 to 67% as HS contents. It determines the adhesion strength of the final product. The adhesion strength is evaluated by texture analyzer and 180° peel test. The probe tack analysis shows maximum adhesion energy of 156.2 J cm−2 and 180° peel test shows 18.80 N/25 mm peel force. The glass‐transition (T
g) values obtained through differential scanning calorimetry are in good agreement with theoretically calculated Flory–Fox temperature. The proportion of the loss tangent to the storage modulus (tan δ/E′) shows the optimum value of 2.80 MPa−1. The ideal concentration of IPDI results to achieve better adhesion properties of PU pressure sensitive adhesives. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47124.
Effects of inactivation of the cyAbrB2 transcription factor together with glycogen synthesis on cellular metabolism and free fatty acid production in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Kodama Yuta , Kawahara Akihito , Miyagi Atsuko , Ishikawa Toshiki , Kawai‐Yamada Maki , Kaneko Yasuko , Takimura Yasushi , Hihara Yukako 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeletion of the cyAbrB2 (Sll0822) transcription factor in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 causes aberrant accumulation of glycogen. We previously tried to redirect the excess carbon stored as glycogen in the
cyabrB2‐disrupted (∆
cyabrB2) mutant by knockout of the
glgC (slr1176) gene encoding glucose‐1‐phosphate adenylyltransferase. However, complete knockout could not be attained, suggesting that accumulation of glycogen is essential for the Δ
cyabrB2 mutant. In this study, we introduced the
cyabrB2 gene fused to the copper‐inducible
petE promoter into the ∆
cyabrB2 mutant. After complete knockout of
glgC in the presence of copper, expression of P
petE‐
cyabrB2 was turned off by copper removal to examine the effect of the double knockout of
cyabrB2 and
glgC. Metabolome analysis and electron microscopic observation revealed that the double knockout causes a large decrease of sugar phosphates in glycolytic and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways and an increase of organic acids in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acids and storage compounds such as polyhydroxybutyrate. When the ability of production of free fatty acids was conferred, synergetic positive effects of knockout of
cyabrB2 and
glgC on productivity were observed by removal of both copper and nitrogen. The P
petE‐
cyabrB2Δ
glgC strain will further serve as a platform for studies on carbon allocation and metabolic engineering.