bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence is not enough: health technology reassessment to de-implement low-value care
Authors: Ingvarsson Sara , Hasson Henna , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica , Nilsen Per , Roczniewska Marta , Augustsson Hanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of low-value care (LVC) is a persistent challenge in health care. Health technology reassessment (HTR) assesses the effects of technologies currently used in the health care system to guide optimal use of these technologies. Consequently, HTR holds promises for identifying and reducing, i.e., de-implementing, the use of LVC. There is limited research on how HTR is executed to support the de-implementation of LVC and whether and how HTR outcomes are translated into practical application. The aim of this study is to investigate how HTR is conducted to facilitate de-implementation of LVC and to investigate how the results of HTR are received and acted on in health care settings.

Methods
This study is a qualitative interview study with representatives from health technology assessment agencies (n = 16) that support the regional health care organizations in Sweden and with representatives from the health care organizations (n = 7). Interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.

Results
We identified three overarching categories for how HTR facilitates de-implementation of LVC and how the results are received and acted on in health care settings: (1) involving key stakeholders to facilitate de-implementation of LVC in identifying potential LVC practices, having criteria for accepting HTR targets, ascertaining high-quality reports and disseminating the reports; (2) actions taken by health care organization to de-implement LVC by priority setting and decision-making, networking between health care organizations and monitoring changes in the use of LVC practices; and (3) sustaining use of LVC by not questioning continued use, continued funding of LVC and by creating opinion against de-implementation.

Conclusions
Evidence is not enough to achieve de-implementation of LVC. This has made health technology assessment agencies and health care organizations widen the scope of HTR to encompass strategies to facilitate de-implementation, including involving key stakeholders in the HTR process and taking actions to support de-implementation. Despite these efforts, there can still be resistance to de-implementation of LVC in passive forms, involving continued use of the practice and more active resistance such as continued funding and opinion-making opposing de-implementation. Knowledge from implementation and de-implementation research can offer guidance in how to support the execution phase of HTR.
Enhancing striatal acetylcholine facilitates dopamine release and striatal output in parkinsonian mice
Authors: Li Hongxia , Chen Ziluo , Tan Yuyan , Luo Huoqing , Lu Chen , Gao Chao , Shen Xin , Cai Fang , Hu Ji , Chen Shengdi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
L-DOPA has been considered the first-line therapy for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD) via restoring striatal dopamine (DA) to normalize the activity of local spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the direct (dSPNs) pathway and the indirect (iSPNs) pathway. While the changes in striatal acetylcholine (ACh) induced by increasing DA have been extensively discussed, their validity remains controversial. Inhibition of striatal cholinergic signaling attenuates PD motor deficits. Interestingly, enhancing striatal ACh triggers local DA release, suggesting the pro-kinetic effects of ACh in movement control. Here, we investigated the in-vivo dynamics of ACh in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of the 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse model after L-DOPA administration, as well as its underlying mechanism, and to explore its modulatory role and mechanism in parkinsonian symptoms.

Results
Using in vivo fiber photometry recordings with genetically encoded fluorescent DA or ACh indicator, we found L-DOPA selectively decreased DLS ACh levels in parkinsonian conditions. DA inhibited ACh release via dopamine D2 receptors and dSPNs-mediated activation of type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors on cholinergic interneurons. Restoring DLS ACh levels during L-DOPA treatment induced additional DA release by activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby promoting the activity of dSPNs and iSPNs. Enhancing DLS ACh facilitated L-DOPA-induced turning behavior but not dyskinesia in parkinsonian mice.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that enhancing striatal ACh facilitated the effect of L-DOPA by modulating DA tone. It may challenge the classical hypothesis of a purely competitive interaction between dopaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in improving PD motor deficits. Modulating ACh levels within the dopaminergic system may improve striatal DA availability in PD patients.
Impact of anemia on renal outcomes in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study
Authors: Mori Daisuke , Hayashi Masato , Honda Ryoko , Tanoue Haruna , Kobayashi Midori , Shimada Motoko , Tamai Shinjiro , Nomi Hiroki , Nagatoya Katsuyuki , Yamauchi Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
We aimed to examine the impact of anemia on the risk of further deterioration in renal function among elderly and nonelderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we included 1098 predialysis patients with CKD hospitalized for an educational program on CKD between January 2010 and December 2018. Patients aged < 75 years (657) were considered nonelderly, and those aged ≥ 75 years (441) were considered elderly; each category was stratified by hemoglobin level to evaluate the incidence of CKD progression: < 9.0 g/dL, 9.0–10.9 g/dL, 11.0–12.9 g/dL, and ≥ 13.0 g/dL. The study was terminated after 3 years of observation.

Results
CKD progression occurred in 550 and 304 patients in the nonelderly and elderly group, respectively. In the nonelderly group, multivariate Cox models revealed that an increased risk of CKD progression was observed in patients with low hemoglobin levels compared with those with hemoglobin levels of 11.0–12.9 g/dL. However, in the elderly group, adverse renal outcomes occurred at rates that did not differ significantly according to the hemoglobin level. Furthermore, we isolated patients with hemoglobin levels of 9.0–10.9 g/dL and 11.0–12.9 g/dL and analyzed the risk of renal outcomes in both nonelderly and elderly people among them. Examination of renal outcomes in 1:1 the propensity-score-matched cohort of patients with hemoglobin levels of 9.0–10.9 g/dL versus patients with levels of 11.0–12.9 g/dL yielded consistent results.

Conclusions
Mild anemia may be poorly associated with renal prognosis in elderly patients with CKD.
Salt stress-induced polyamine biosynthesis contributes to blast resistance in rice
Authors: Mahmud Md. Rubel , Islam Md. Azizul , Hu Qian , Zhang Xianyu , Wang Wei , Xu Ning , Yang Chao , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is a destructive disease that affects rice (Oryzae sativa L.) on a global scale. Polyamines (PAs) play diverse roles in plant growth and development and responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) are the primary forms of polyamines (PAs). In this study, we observed that the accumulation of apoplastic PAs significantly increased in rice plants after treatment with salt or M. oryzae. The salt-treated plants exhibited enhanced resistance to rice blast disease. RNA sequencing data indicate that S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of polyamines, plays a significant role in enhancing plant resistance. Overexpression of rice SAMDC (OsSAMDC) led to a significant decrease of pathogen infection in the transgenic rice plants. Additionally, OsSAMDC overexpression plants accumulated polyamines in the cytosol and apoplast, particularly SPD and SPM. Conversely, the disease resistance and accumulation of PAs were reduced in OsSAMDC-silenced plants. Exogenous application of PAs inhibited the mycelium growth, spore germination, germ tube elongation, and appressorium formation in M. oryzae. These results demonstrated that OsSAMDC-mediated polyamine biosynthesis, especially SPD and SPM, plays an essential role in rice plants to resist biotic and abiotic stresses.
Insights into grape-derived health benefits: a comprehensive overview
Authors: de Almeida Sousa Cruz Marta Angela , de Barros Elias Monique , Calina Daniela , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Teodoro Anderson Junger 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGrapes, renowned for their diverse phytochemical composition, have long been recognized for their health-promoting properties. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current research on grapes, with a particular emphasis on their role in disease prevention and health enhancement through bioactive compounds.A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations, was conducted to elucidate the relationship between grape consumption and health outcomes. The review highlights the positive association of grape intake with a decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Notable bioactive components like resveratrol are emphasized for their neuroprotective and antioxidative capabilities. Additionally, the review explores emerging research on the impact of grapes on gut microbiota and its implications for metabolic health and immune function.This updated review underscores the importance of future research to fully leverage and understand the therapeutic potential of grape-derived compounds, aiming to refine dietary guidelines and functional food formulations. Further translational studies are expected to clarify the specific bioactive interactions and their impacts on health.
Graphical Abstract
Pathologically altered articular cartilage attracts intense chondrocyte invasion into the extracellular matrix: in vitro pilot study
Authors: Shestakova Victoria A. , Klabukov Ilya D. , Kolobaev Ilya V. , Rao Longfeng , Atiakshin Dmitry A. , Ignatyuk Michael A. , Krasheninnikov Mikhail E. , Ahmedov Bagavdin G. , Ivanov Sergey A. , Shegay Peter V. , Kaprin Andrey D. , Baranovskii Denis S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Due to non-vascularized and aneural structure, articular cartilage has limited self-repairing capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the revitalization of inflammatory injured articular cartilage matrices by human nasal chondrocytes (hNC).

Materials and methods
Cartilage matrix was prepared by devitalization of articular cartilage samples obtained intraoperatively from an adult patient undergoing knee joint replacement. hNC were obtained from native tissues by enzymatic digestion with further expansion over two passages. The obtained nasal chondrocytes were used to seed decellularized scaffolds, which were then cultured in vitro for 7, 14, or 21 days in chondrogenic medium. Migration was observed by histologic staining with fast green, safranin-O, and hematoxylin and scanning electron microscopy. Biochemical analysis was performed to determine the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA content of the cartilage using dimethylmethylene blue and CyQuant Cell Proliferation Assay Kit.

Results
We seeded healthy and inflamed cartilage with nasal chondrocytes and found that the cells actively invade mainly pathologically altered cartilage. The results of biochemical quantitative analysis showed that the amount of DNA significantly increased by day 7 and decreased by day 14, while the quantitative values of GAGs had the opposite trend. Histological staining showed that cartilage formation occurred on day 7, intercellular spaces were filled with de novo synthesized cartilage matrix with significantly low GAG content on day 14, and newly formed GAG-rich cartilage was observed on day 21. The obtained data on cartilage regeneration were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

Conclusions
Our preliminary results showed that human nasal chondrocytes are capable of infiltrating the pathologically altered extracellular matrix of articular cartilage damaged by arthritis, thereby promoting its repair to a physiologically relevant state.

Graphical Abstract
Isolation, partial characterization, therapeutic, and safety evaluation of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii lytic phage in a mouse model
Authors: Ahmed Hany S. , Eid Mohammed A. , Kamer Amal M. Abo , Hatem Eman A. , Yahya Galal , Mahmoud Yehia A.-G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major worldwide health concern, characterized by the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of medications that once effectively treated infections. Phage therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) exemplifies the emergence of bacteria resistant to clinically relevant antimicrobials, leading to severe nosocomial infections and exhibiting extensive and pan drug-resistant (XDR and PDR) traits. In response, this study isolated A. baumannii virulent phage designated as vB_AbaP_PhE54 against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) pathogen and examined its morphological characteristics using an electron micrograph. Phage stability at different temperatures, pH, chloroform, safety, therapeutic evaluation, and growth kinetics have been analyzed.

Results
The A. baumannii phage vB_AbaP_PhE54 belongs morphologically to the Podoviridae family with very short, noncontractile tails, the phage demonstrated high thermal tolerance and infectivity across a pH range of 4–11, although it displayed a narrow host range. One-step growth kinetics indicated a burst size of 85 PFU (Plaque Forming Unit) per infected cell and a latent period of 20 min. Additionally, therapeutic efficiency in a mouse model showed total elimination of CRAB pathogen from lungs homogenates of mice and recovery from lung inflammation in all infected mice. On the other hand, safety evaluation of isolated phage revealed no adverse effects on structural or morphological tissue integrity.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that A. baumannii phage vB_AbaP_PhE54 could be a viable safe therapeutic option against A. baumannii infections, warranting further research into its clinical applications.
Spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate in presence of acetaminophen in different pH media
Authors: Bala Aditi , Mandal Sanchita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This study is aimed to develop a simple, effective and economic method for the UV spectrophotometric analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate in the presence of acetaminophen. The Beer–Lambert law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2–10 µg/ml for amoxicillin trihydrate, acetaminophen and combinations, in all the different pH media: pH 1.2, 6.8, 7.4 and neutral (double-distilled water). For the simultaneous equation method, the absorbance maxima of amoxicillin trihydrate was found at 228 nm, and for acetaminophen, it was found at 243 nm, after scanning the solutions in respective buffers.

Result
The standard curve of amoxicillin trihydrate and acetaminophen was plotted, and the correlation coefficient (R2) value was found to be in the range of 0.991–0.994 and 0.993–0.999, respectively. These two drugs were combined in a ratio of 5:3 (amoxicillin trihydrate: acetaminophen), and its absorbance maxima was discovered at 232 nm (isoabsorptive point), where its correlation coefficient was calculated from the standard curve which is in range of 0.993–0.996. The above-mentioned method was found to comply all the validation parameters as per the ICH guidelines such as accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, reproducibility and recovery. This method is successfully applied to estimate the combination of these two drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms without and interaction of their excipients. This method is based on to check the stability of amoxicillin trihydrate in different pH media in the presence of acetaminophen.

Conclusion
Hydrolysis of beta-lactam ring of amoxicillin trihydrate occurs in acidic pH (below 2) which causes the formation of amoxicilloic acid which may cause reduction in its microbial activity but neither shifting of wavelength nor appearance of extra peak occurred in UV spectroscopy. Although some changes of % area of amoxicillin trihydrate is observed in acidic media in HPLC method, there are no significant changes observed among the amoxicillin trihydrate solutions with acetaminophen prepared in different pH media, when using UV spectrophotometric method.
Multigene Copy Number Alteration Risk Score Biomarker–Based Enrichment Study Designs in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jo Yeonjung , Chipman Jonathan J. , Haaland Benjamin , Greene Tom , Kohli Manish 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
A composite multigene risk score derived from tumor-biology alterations specific to metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) state was evaluated as a classifier to design biomarker-based enrichment clinical trials.

METHODS
A plasma cell-free DNA copy number alteration risk score based on alterations in 24 genes was simulated to develop a biomarker classifier–based clinical trial design enriched for high-risk patients to detect a survival advantage of a novel treatment (hazard ratio of 0.70 with 80% power). We determined the design trade-offs between the number of patients screened and enrolled when varying the type of patients to enrich and the extent of enrichment needed.

RESULTS
For a 2-year overall survival end point in mCRPC state, fully enriching patients with mCRPC having a high-risk score of 3 or more (the 95th percentile of a range of risk scores in patients with mCRPC) was determined to require screening to a maximum of 4,149 patients to enroll 259 patients for the targeted effect size. A nonenriched trial was determined to require enrolling 689 patients to be equivalently powered. We identified a pragmatic alternative, which is to enrich patients with mCRPC with a risk score of 1 or more (the 67th percentile) and an enrichment fraction of 0.25. This would require screening 658 patients to enroll 584 patients, and it maximizes the ability to detect a difference in treatment effect by risk score.

CONCLUSION
A plasma multi-CNA risk score classifier can feasibly be leveraged to design an enrichment trial in mCRPC. Enriching 25% of patients screened with a risk score >1 was observed to be optimal for obtaining an adequately powered, biomarker-based mCRPC-enriched clinical trial.
Can Endovascular Repair of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Be Safely Performed in an Outpatient Setting? Lessons Learned from Spine Outcome Control Groups
Authors: McPheeters Matthew J. , Waqas Muhammad , Lim Jaims , Rho Kyungduk , Jaikumar Vinay , Gong Andrew , Raygor Kunal P. , Housley Steven B. , Scullen Tyler A. , Bouslama Mehdi , Levy Elad I. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The performance of select neurosurgical procedures is being transitioned to an outpatient setting rather than an inpatient setting to increase healthcare cost-effectiveness. Despite numerous technological advancements in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), the procedures are solely performed in an inpatient setting. We aimed to compare the rate of short-term outcomes associated with inpatient endovascular treatment of UIAs with those for established outpatient neurosurgical procedures, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusions (ACDFs) and lumbar discectomies.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis on the data of healthy (Charlson Comorbidity Index ≤4) adult patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures including endovascular repair of UIAs, ACDF, and discectomy between January 1, 2012, and August 31, 2019, at a single tertiary facility. Clinical complications and outcomes data were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome variable was the 30-day readmission rate with subgroup analyses of readmission <48 hours and 48 hours to 30 days.

RESULTS:
A total of 586 patients and a total of 606 procedures were identified, comprising 205 endovascular UIA treatments, 201 ACDFs, and 200 discectomies. Fourteen UIA procedures were excluded from analysis (n = 191) on the basis of anatomic high-risk features. For the primary outcome, there was no statistically significant difference in 30-day readmission rates among the comparison groups (P = .36). For the subgroup analyses, there were no differences in readmission rates for <48 hours (P = .06) and 48 hours to 30 days (P = .71). In addition, there was no significant difference in intraprocedural complication rates among the groups (P = .19).

CONCLUSION:
Inpatient elective endovascular treatment of UIAs had similarly low rates of intraprocedural complications and short-term readmissions compared with the established outpatient spine procedures. We hope that our findings may serve as the foundation for future, prospective studies assessing the safety and utility of performing endovascular procedures for UIAs in an outpatient setting.
Robust pattern retrieval in an optical Hopfield neural network
Authors: Katidis Michael , Musa Khalid , Kumar Santosh , Li Zhaotong , Long Frederick , Qu Chunlei , Huang Yu-Ping 
Published: December 2024

Hopfield neural networks (HNNs) promise broad applications in areas such as combinatorial optimization, memory storage, and pattern recognition. Among various implementations, optical HNNs are particularly interesting because they can take advantage of fast optical matrix-vector multiplications. Yet their studies so far have mostly been on the theoretical side, and the effects of optical imperfections and robustness against memory errors remain to be quantified. Here we demonstrate an optical HNN in a simple experimental setup using a spatial light modulator with 100 neurons. It successfully stores and retrieves 13 patterns, which approaches the critical capacity limit of α
c
= 0.138. It is robust against random phase flipping errors of the stored patterns, achieving high fidelity in recognizing and storing patterns even when 30% pixels are randomly flipped. Our results highlight the potential of optical HNNs in practical applications such as real-time image processing for autonomous driving, enhanced AI with fast memory retrieval, and other scenarios requiring efficient data processing.