bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Electrocochleography in Hybrid Cochlear Implant Users Implicates TMPRSS3 in Spiral Ganglion Function
Authors: Shearer A. Eliot , Tejani Viral D. , Brown Carolyn J. , Abbas Paul J. , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J. , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCochlear implantation, a surgical method to bypass cochlear hair cells and directly stimulate the spiral ganglion, is the standard treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss. Changes in cochlear implant electrode array design and surgical approach now allow for preservation of acoustic hearing in the implanted ear. Electrocochleography (ECochG) was performed in eight hearing preservation subjects to assess hair cell and neural function and elucidate underlying genetic hearing loss. Three subjects had pathogenic variants in TMPRSS3 and five had pathogenic variants in genes known to affect the cochlear sensory partition. The mechanism by which variants in TMPRSS3 cause genetic hearing loss is unknown. We used a 500-Hz tone burst to record ECochG responses from an intracochlear electrode. Responses consist of a cochlear microphonic (hair cell) and an auditory nerve neurophonic. Cochlear microphonics did not differ between groups. Auditory nerve neurophonics were smaller, on average, in subjects with TMPRSS3 deafness. Results of this proof-of-concept study provide evidence that pathogenic variants in TMPRSS3 may impact function of the spiral ganglion. While ECochG as a clinical and research tool has been around for decades, this study illustrates a new application of ECochG in the study of genetic hearing and deafness in vivo.
Two-photon microscopy of Paneth cells in the small intestine of live mice
Authors: Jang Won Hyuk , Park Areum , Wang Taejun , Kim Chan Johng , Chang Hoonchul , Yang Bo-Gie , Kim Myoung Joon , Myung Seung-Jae , Im Sin-Hyeog , Jang Myoung Ho , Kim You-Me , Kim Ki Hean 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPaneth cells are one of the principal epithelial cell types in the small intestine, located at the base of intestinal crypts. Paneth cells play key roles in intestinal host-microbe homeostasis via granule secretion, and their dysfunction is implicated in pathogenesis of several diseases including Crohn’s disease. Despite their physiological importance, study of Paneth cells has been hampered by the limited accessibility and lack of labeling methods. In this study, we developed a simple in vivo imaging method of Paneth cells in the intact mouse small intestine by using moxifloxacin and two-photon microscopy (TPM). Moxifloxacin, an FDA-approved antibiotic, was used for labeling cells and its fluorescence was strongly observed in Paneth cell granules by TPM. Moxifloxacin labeling of Paneth cell granules was confirmed by molecular counterstaining. Comparison of Paneth cells in wild type, genetically obese (ob/ob), and germ-free (GF) mice showed different granule distribution. Furthermore, Paneth cell degranulation was observed in vivo. Our study suggests that TPM with moxifloxacin labeling can serve as a useful tool for studying Paneth cell biology and related diseases.
Responses of Labile Organic Nitrogen Fractions and Enzyme Activities in eroded Mollisols After 8-year Manure Amendment
Authors: Chen Yi-min , Xu Xin , Jiao Xiao-guang , Sui Yue-yu , Liu Xiao-bing , Zhang Jin-yuan , Zhou Ke , Zhang Jiu-ming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSoil erosion will cause a degradation in soil nitrogen supplying capacity (SNSC) and manure amendment is an effective way to restored eroded soils. Both labile fractions of soil organic N (SON) and N transformation enzymes are indicators for SNSC, but the effect of manure amendments on labile SON fractions and the relationship between labile SON fractions and enzyme activities remains unclear. In this study, five degrees of erosion were simulated in Mollisols (removal of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm of topsoil) to analyse the changes in labile SON fractions and nitrogen transformation enzyme activities after 8-year manure amendment. We found that soil total N (TN), labile SON fractions and enzyme activities all increased after manure amendments. The largest labile SON fraction was particle organic nitrogen (POM-N) and the second was light fraction organic nitrogen (LFOM-N), which accounted >60% for TN in total. Correlation analysis showed that both urease and protease activities were significantly correlated with POM-N, LFOM-N, microbial biomass N and dissolvable organic N, indicating that both urease and protease activities can be used to predict labile SON pools and enzyme activities worked similarly in indicating SNSC with labile SON fractions. Altogether, 8-year manure amendment could recover SNSC of lightly eroded Mollisols to natural levels, i.e. erosion depths at 5 cm and 10 cm; however, it is not able to recover SNSC in Mollisols suffering severe erosion.
Tick galactosyltransferases are involved in α-Gal synthesis and play a role during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and Ixodes scapularis tick vector development
Authors: Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Espinosa Pedro J. , Alberdi Pilar , Šimo Ladislav , Valdés James J. , Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Contreras Marinela , Rayo Margarita Villar , de la Fuente José 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) is produced in all mammals except for humans, apes and old world monkeys that lost the ability to synthetize this carbohydrate. Therefore, humans can produce high antibody titers against α-Gal. Anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies have been associated with tick-induced allergy (i.e. α-Gal syndrome) and anti-α-Gal IgG/IgM antibodies may be involved in protection against malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The α-Gal on tick salivary proteins plays an important role in the etiology of the α-Gal syndrome. However, whether ticks are able to produce endogenous α-Gal remains currently unknown. In this study, theIxodes scapularisgenome was searched for galactosyltransferases and three genes were identified as potentially involved in the synthesis of α-Gal. Heterologous gene expression in α-Gal-negative cells and gene knockdown in ticks confirmed that these genes were involved in α-Gal synthesis and are essential for tick feeding. Furthermore, these genes were shown to play an important role in tick-pathogen interactions. Results suggested that tick cells increased α-Gal levels in response toAnaplasma phagocytophiluminfection to control bacterial infection. These results provided the molecular basis of endogenous α-Gal production in ticks and suggested that tick galactosyltransferases are involved in vector development, tick-pathogen interactions and possibly the etiology of α-Gal syndrome in humans.
Cadmium exposure during pregnancy and lactation: materno-fetal and newborn repercussions of Cd(ii), and Cd–metallothionein complexes
Authors: Espart Anna , Artime Sebastián , Tort-Nasarre Glòria , Yara-Varón Edinson 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-physiological heavy metal that can be harmful at low concentrations. Increasing anthropogenic activities are incrementing the risk of accumulation of this heavy metal in different organs and tissues of the body. In the case of pregnant women, the threat is more serious due to the implications affecting not only their own health but also fetal development as well. Metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich proteins, are involved in zinc (Zn) and copper homeostasis in mammals but can, however, also bind with Cd if present. The accumulation of Cd in maternal tissues (e.g. placenta, maternal blood, and mammary glands) induces the synthesis of MTs, preferably MT2, in an attempt to sequester the metal to avoid toxicity. The formed Cd–MT complexes will avoid the Cd transport from the placenta to the fetus and end up accumulating in the maternal kidneys. At the same time, high concentrations of MTs will increase the formation of Zn–MT complexes, therefore decreasing the amount of Zn ions available to be transported to the fetus by means of Zn transporters such as ZnT2, ZIP14 and DMT1. Although MTs cannot transport Cd from the mother to the fetus, the divalent DMT1 transporter is suggested to carry the metal to the fetus. As a consequence, the low levels of Zn(ii) in the fetus, together with the presence of Cd(ii) coming from the mother either via the placenta and cord blood or via breast milk induce changes in the fetal development including fetal growth retardation, and low weight or height of the newborn. Likewise, the concentrations of Cd(ii) in the newborn can cause alterations such as cognitive disabilities. In summary, the presence of Cd(ii) in the maternal tissues will induce MT synthesis in an attempt to detoxify these tissues and reduce the possible toxicity of Cd in fetal and newborn tissues.
Preoperative ultrasound to identify distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach
Authors: Ozaki Yu , Baba Tomonori , Homma Yasuhiro , Tanabe Hiroki , Ochi Hironori , Bannno Sammy , Watari Taiji , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Recently, the branching pattern of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) named Fan type has been reported that LFCN injury cannot be avoided in surgical dissections that use the direct anterior approach to the hip joint in the cadaveric study. We hypothesized that the Fan type can be identified by ultrasound The aim of this study was to investigate whether LFCN injury occurs in DAA-THA in cases identified as the Fan type based on preoperative ultrasound of the proximal femur.Methods: Ultrasonography of the proximal femur on the surgical side was performed before surgery and the LFCN distribution was judged as the Fan type or Non-Fan type. A self-reported questionnaire was sent to the patients at two months after surgery, and the presence or absence of LFCN injury was prospectively surveyed.Results: After application of exclusion criteria, 45 hips were included. LFCN injury was observed after surgery in 9 of the 10 patients judged as the Fan type based on the ultrasound of the proximal femur (positive predictive value: 90%), and no LFCN disorder was actually observed in 25 of the 26 patients judged as Non-Fan type (specificity: 96.2%).Conclusions: To prevent injury of the LFCN in patients judged as the Fan type on the ultrasound test before surgery, the risk of direct injury of the LFCN may be reduced through the approach in which an incision is made in the fascia which is opposite to the radial spreading, i.e., between the sartorius and tensor fasciae latae muscles or slightly medial from it.
Stammkundenmanagement im Apothekenmarketing in Zeiten voranschreitender Marktliberalisierung – Einflussfaktoren am Beispiel
Österreichs
Authors: Hofstätter Manfred , Stummer Harald 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Welche Faktoren beeinflussen Kunden im Bindungsverhalten bei Apotheken? Der steigende Wettbewerbsdruck aufgrund zunehmender Marktöffnung
erfordert eine spezifischere Positionierung von Apotheken. Dies bedingt zeitgerechte Maßnahmen, um sich die Loyalität der Kunden zu sichern. Ziel dieser Studie
ist es, jene Faktoren zu explorieren und zu analysieren, welche aus Kundenperspektive hierfür von signifikanter Bedeutung sind.
Methodik Die Erhebung der potentiell relevanten Faktoren für das Merkmal Stammkunde erfolgte in 5 heterogenen Apotheken in Österreich mittels einer
geschichteten Stichprobenerhebung (n = 698). Unmittelbar nach dem Apothekenbesuch wurden Ergebnisgrößen aus Leistungsbündeln (Items) und die Einzelleistungen
aus Kundenperspektive aufgenommen.
Ergebnis Stamm- und Laufkunden weisen in den Bereichen optimale Erreichbarkeit der Apotheke – mit und ohne Personenkraftwagen (PKW), Spezifika der
angebotenen Stammkundenprogramme und hinsichtlich der Bezahlungsmöglichkeiten signifikante Unterscheidungsmerkmale auf. In den Schlüsselbereichen der
Apothekendienstleistungen (Beratung, Produktverfügbarkeit, …) bestehen keine signifikanten Unterscheidungsmerkmale.
Schlussfolgerung Stammkunden können hinzugewonnen werden, wenn die Leistungen im Bereich der Apothekenkernkompetenz erfüllt sind, die Apotheken für
potentielle Stammkunden bestmöglich (mit oder ohne PKW) erreichbar sind sowie ein attraktives Stammkundenprogramm und „state of the art“ Bezahlmöglichkeiten
angeboten werden und somit kundenspezifisch die geringsten Opportunitätskosten aufweisen. Welche Faktoren nach einer Liberalisierung des Marktes aus
Kundenperspektive zu veränderten Opportunitätskosten und damit zu einem geänderten Konsumverhalten führen, ist in weiterführenden Untersuchungen zu
erforschen.Die durchgeführte Studie zeigt auf Basis der explorierten Faktoren, dass erfolgreiches Stammkundenmanagement in besonderem Maße vom Bündel der Einzelfaktoren
abhängig ist. Apothekenkunden können künftig nur dann als Stammkunden hinzugewonnen werden, wenn deren Bedürfnisse und deren Kaufverhalten frühzeitig erkannt
und berücksichtigt werden.
The burden of multimorbidity: Physical health in the severely mentally ill population
Authors: Millar H. L. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe concept of multimorbidity has attracted increasing interest over the past decade with the recognition of multiple burdens of disease and their costs for the individual, the societal cost and economic consequences. It has become evident that multimorbidity is the norm rather than the exception and occurring in an increasingly younger population particularly in areas of socioeconomic deprivation and low income countries. With multimorbidity comes an increased risk of mental health problems especially depression which impacts on the overall management of the physical health problem leading to potentially more complications and worse clinical and social outcomes. It is well established that the severely mentally ill population have a markedly reduced life expectancy due to predominantly comorbid medical problems including cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Despite a plethora of international and national guidelines and consensus statements outlining the requirement for screening and ongoing monitoring of this population, regular comprehensive health checks remain substandard. This selective review aims to highlight the challenges of multimorbidity within the health care systems; to provide guidance on good practice and to enable clinicians to deliver a more person centered co-ordinated approach to improve the health outcomes for multi morbidity in this highly vulnerable population.
Entwurf für ein neues Weiterbildungscurriculum für Psychotherapie in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Falkai P. , Herpertz S. C. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungPsychiatrische Erkrankungen mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 30 % in Deutschland gehören zu den so genannten komplexen Störungen, bei denen anlagebedingte und Umweltfaktoren interagieren. Sehr wahrscheinlich verarbeiten Menschen Umweltreize unterschiedlich und reagieren individuell auf Stress durch Belastungsfaktoren. Gerade affektive Erkrankungen zeigen paradigmatisch die Wirksamkeit einer gezielten Kombination aus psychotherapeutischen und somatischen Behandlungsverfahren, was auch die S3-Leitlinie Depression (DGPPN et al. 2011) empfiehlt. Diskutabel allerdings ist, welche Patienten eine Psychotherapie erhalten sollten. Gegenwärtig beschränkt sich diese Behandlungsoption allerdings meist auf den Bruchteil der Patienten mit ausreichender psychopathologischer Remission und Therapiemotivation, akut und schwer Erkrankte erhalten oft keine Psychotherapie.Durch eine Verbesserung der psychotherapeutischen Expertise, könnte das Behandlungsangebot passgenauer zu den Bedürfnissen psychiatrischer Patienten gestaltet werden. Deshalb entwickelt die DGPPN ein neues Weiterbildungscurriculum, das mit einer modularen Ausbildung die Psychotherapie und die klinische Praxis stärker miteinander verzahnt und klarer als bisher auf eine evidenzbasierte Basis stellt.
Functional profiling of circulating tumor cells with an integrated vortex capture and single-cell protease activity assay
Authors: Dhar Manjima , Lam Jeffrey Nam , Walser Tonya , Dubinett Steven M. , Rettig Matthew B. , Di Carlo Dino 
Published: September 2018

Significance
The current paradigm in liquid biopsies focuses on circulating tumor cell (CTC) count and genomics to provide clinically actionable information. We push beyond current capabilities to introduce a functional assay that quantifies protease secretion from live CTCs with single-cell resolution. In this assay, an integrated microfluidic device captures CTCs from blood and washes and encapsulates them into nanoliter-scale droplets with fluorogenic substrates within minutes, maintaining physiologic conditions. Our data support the presence of outlier CTCs with high protease activity that may drive metastasis or immune evasion. We reveal an intriguing correlation between CTC protease activity and metastatic progression. Such functional liquid biopsy approaches provide avenues to understand the metastatic process and potential for companion diagnostics.
Multi-verb constructions in Old Chinese and Middle Chinese
Authors: Li Wenchao 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Multiple verb constructions have been studied intensively in Chinese. However, given the typological differences between the
Indo-European languages and Chinese, it is no surprise that the application of a ‘Western’ notion, namely ‘serial verb
construction’ (SVC), has caused much debate. This study provides a working definition of ‘SVC’ in Old Chinese and then turns to
diachronic issues, for example, the combinatorial possibilities of multiple verbs in Old Chinese, pre-Middle Chinese, and Middle
Chinese, clarifying which kind of complex constructions may be regarded as verb serialising and which as verb compounding. With
this in place, the study approaches an understanding of the evolution of multiple verb formations in Chinese. The finding reveals
that multiple verbs in Old Chinese are combined via verb serialisation. Six combinatorial possibilities are confirmed: (a)
unergative V + unergative V; (b) transitive V + unaccusative V; (c) unaccusative V + unaccusative V (change of state); (d)
unergative V + unaccusative V; (e) transitive V + transitive V; (f) unaccusative V + unaccusative V (motion). These can be further
classified into two groups: Group I: (a)–(d) are successive SVCs; Group II: (e)–(f) are
coordinate SVCs. In pre-Middle Chinese, there are signs of verb compounding. The occurrence of disyllabic
word roots in the Early Han Dynasty as well as (de)grammaticalisation may be responsible for this. In Middle Chinese, the
grammaticalisation of transitive change-of-state verbs, and the degrammaticalisation of motion verbs, led to three different
lexical categories: (a) partial intransitive change-of-state verbs turned into resultative complements (resulting in [transitive
V + unaccusative V] SVC transiting into predicate-complement V-V (change-of-state)); (b) partial motion verbs degrammaticalised
and turned into directional complements (resulting in [unergative V + unaccusative V] SVC transiting into predicate-complement V-V
(motion)); and (c) the first verb in [coordinate SVC] receives preverbalisation (giving rise to modifier-predicate V-V).
The role of educational factors in the development of lexical splits
Authors: Lin Yuhan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile variationist literature on sound change has mostly focused on chain shifts and mergers, much less is written about splits (Labov, 1994,2010). Previous literature shows that the acquisition of splits is unlikely unless motivated by social factors (Labov, 1994). The current study presents an apparent time analysis on the development of two phonemic splits, the initial /s/-/ʂ/ contrast and the initial /ɻ/-/l/ contrast, in Xiamen Mandarin, a contact variety ofPutonghua, the official language in China. Statistical results showed similar patterns for both variables: younger speakers and female speakers are leading the change; the distinction between two phonemes are more distinct in wordlist than in the sociolinguistic interview. By examining the sociolinguistic situation in Xiamen, the paper discusses two potential factors that have led to these sound changes: the regional campaign for Putonghua and the emphasis ofPinyin, a phonetically-based orthography, in the education system.
From sharing food to sharing information
Authors: Burkart Judith , Guerreiro Martins Eloisa , Miss Fabia , Zürcher Yvonne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLanguage is a cognitively demanding human trait, but it is also a fundamentally cooperative enterprise that rests on the motivation to share information. Great apes possess many of the cognitive prerequisites for language, but largely lack the motivation to share information. Callitrichids (including marmosets and tamarins) are highly vocal monkeys that are more distantly related to humans than great apes are, but like humans, they are cooperative breeders and all group members help raising offspring. Among primates, this rearing system is correlated with proactive prosociality, which can be expressed as motivation to share information. We therefore propose that the unique coincidence of these two components in humans set the stage for language evolution: The cognitive component inherited from our great ape-like ancestors, and the motivational one added convergently as a result of cooperative breeding. We evaluate this scenario based on a review of callitrichd vocal communication and show that furthermore, they possess many of the mechanistic elements emphasized by the mirror system hypothesis of language evolution. We end by highlighting how more systematic phylogenetic comparisons will enable us to further promote our understanding of the role of cooperative breeding during language evolution.
Pantomime and imitation in great apes
Authors: Russon Anne E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper assesses great apes’ abilities for pantomime and action imitation, two communicative abilities proposed as key contributors to language evolution. Modern great apes, the only surviving nonhuman hominids, are important living models of the communicative platform upon which language evolved. This assessment is based on 62 great ape pantomimes identified via data mining plus published reports of great ape action imitation. Most pantomimes were simple, imperative, and scaffolded by partners’ relationship and scripts; some resemble declaratives, some were sequences of several inter-related elements. Imitation research consistently shows great apes perform action imitation at low fidelity, but also that action imitation may not represent a distinct process or function. Discussion focuses on how findings may advance reconstruction of the evolution of language, including what great apes may contribute to understanding ‘primitive’ forms of pantomime and imitation and how to improve their study.
The evolutionary roots of human imitation, action understanding and symbols
Authors: Myowa-Yamakoshi Masako 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on how human complex imitation and its developmental processes are related to the abilities for action representation, acquisition of symbols, and language. After overviewing the characteristics of imitation in chimpanzees and humans, I propose a model of imitation emphasizing how these two species differ in the ways they process visual-motor information. These differences may in turn contribute to core interspecies differences in higher-order cognitive functions, not only for bodily imitation but for action understanding through complex referential information from faces, sharing symbols, and language. This ‘developmental-comparative’ approach reveals the development of species-specific intelligences, and shows what is shared and not shared between humans and other primates. In doing so, we can obtain a more complete understanding of the emergence of the ‘language-ready brain’ in relation to its biological and evolutionary foundations.