bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color‐Coded Image‐Directed Doppler Sonography Compared with Digital Subtraction Angiography in the Follow‐Up of Percutaneous Vascular Endoprostheses
Authors: Vorwerk Dierk , Guenther Rolf W. , Gehl Hans-Bjoern , Bohndorf Klaus 
Published: March 2019

Color‐coded image‐directed Dopplersonography (CCIDS) was used in the follow‐up of self‐expandable vascular endoprosthesesand was compared with the results of digital subtraction angiography and Doppler pressure indices. The stents were implanted in iliac and femoral arteries or hemodialysis fistulae of 26 patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of the new imaging method to identify local flow patterns inside of vascular endoprostheses.The stents were identified by sonographyin all cases; laminar flow was represented in CCIDS by homogeneous Doppler signals. In case of a distinctly reduced lumen, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and CCIDS were both abletoidentify the stenotic process; however, CCIDS was superior in the demonstration of minute flow irregularities. No different flow patterns were detected in comparing recent with older vascular implants.
Angiosarcoma of the Seminal Vesicle: Early Detection Using Transrectal Ultrasound‐Guided Biopsy
Authors: Panageas Ellen , Kuligowska Ewa , Dunlop Richard , Babayan Richard 
Published: March 2019

Imaging of the seminal vesicles was difficult before the development of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The traditional modalities that were used for imaging the seminal vesicles included excretory urograms, cystograms, barium enemas, computed tomography (CT), and seminal vasovesiculography.1 The information provided by these tests was indirect and nonspecific, and often required invasive procedures. Diagnosis could only be made when disease of the seminal vesicles was far advanced and adjacent structures were involved.The recent advent of TRUS and MRI provides direct visualization of the seminal vesicles. By examining the seminal vesicles in multiple planes using these modalities, it is now possible to identify abnormalities confined to the gland and to accurately predict the extent of disease.2–3We describe a case of primary seminal vesicle malignancy that was detected and diagnosed by TRUSand TRUS‐guided biopsy at a time when an extensive traditional workup including a pelvic CT scan was negative. An MRI was also obtained, which confirmed the asymmetry of the seminal vesicles without further characterization of the lesion. This is the first reported case of malignancy of the seminal vesicle visualized and diagnosed by TRUS‐guided biopsy.
Ultrasound in Bangladesh
Authors: Taber Muhammad Abu 
Published: March 2019

Ultrasonography is becoming important and popular in many branches of medicine and more so in the third world countries. It is relatively cheap, painless, non‐ionizing, provides useful information about a large number of organs, and can be repeated often.Ultrasound has certain peculiarities which are unique to Bangladesh, as a country and as a nation. We are a thickly populated country situated to the north of Bay of Bengal—about 110 million people spread over an area of 55 thousand square miles. Seventy five percent of our population lives in remote villages. Major cities have large buildings and modern hospitals and clinics; there are huts, thatched houses, streetside quacks, and faith healers in the villages. The aim of Bangladesh health authorities is to t~ke medical aid to the 75% of people who live in ~Illages. Therefore, among all the newer imagIng technologies, ultrasound has made the deepest impact, both in urban and rural Bangladesh, comparing the cost with the valuable information obtained.
Circuit modeling of ultra‐broadband terahertz absorber based on graphene array periodic disks
Authors: Aghaee Toktam , Orouji Ali A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe realization of broadband absorption in the terahertz spectra is of significant interest in advanced terahertz applications. In this work, a novel ultra‐broadband absorber based on the periodic array of graphene disks and graphene continues sheet is proposed. A developed transmission line theory besides the analytical circuit model of graphene disks and graphene continues sheet are exploited to describe the absorber structure by its circuit model. By using three graphene layers and considering impedance matching concept, the normalized bandwidth of 90% absorption is extended up to 121% of the central frequency. Also, the dependence of the absorption spectra on the structure parameters is investigated and analyzed. Moreover, the performance of the device under possible fabrication errors is discussed. In pursuit of evaluating the efficiency, accuracy, and validity of the proposed method, full‐wave numerical modeling is performed by the finite element method. The results show that the proposed circuit approach, in addition to having advantages in terms of computing time and the need for memory resource, is in a good agreement with the full‐wave simulations. Furthermore, the structure of the absorber is relatively simple, and it can be manufactured by chemical vapor deposition techniques.
Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Relieves Mild and Severe Myelosuppression Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rabbits
Authors: Liu Baoru , Zhou Weichen , Wu Junru , Chen Wenzhi , Chen Jinyun , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐induced rabbit myelosuppression.MethodsRabbits (n = 90) were randomly divided into a mild myelosuppression group (n = 40), a severe myelosuppression group (n = 40), and a normal control group (group Cu28; n = 10). The mild and severe myelosuppression models were established by daily ear vein injection of 15‐ and 40‐mg/kg CTX for 4 continuous days, respectively. Then they were randomly divided into LIPUS groups (Au and Bu) and control groups (Ac and Bc). LIPUS was applied once per day for 20 minutes for 7 (Au7 and Bu7) and 28 (Au28 and Bu28) days. Physical conditions, mortality, blood cell counts, and bone marrow proliferation were calculated. Erythropoietin interleukin 3, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor levels were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the granulocyte phagocytosis rate. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining was performed to analyze changes of skin and muscle.ResultsCompared with the control group, LIPUS improved the number of peripheral blood cells (P < .05) and bone marrow nucleated cells and reduced the mortality of rabbits with myelosuppression of different degrees. Long‐term treatment for 28 days had no effect on the levels of erythropoietin, interleukin 3, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and granulocyte phagocytosis (P > .05). The parts of the skin where LIPUS was applied did not show any burning marks, and the muscle tissue in the path of LIPUS acoustic channels showed no obvious pathologic changes.ConclusionsLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound is a safe and effective method to relieve CTX‐induced myelosuppression.
Doxorubicin induces prostate cancer drug resistance by upregulation of ABCG4 through GSH depletion and CREB activation: Relevance of statins in chemosensitization
Authors: Mallappa Sreevidya , Neeli Praveen K. , Karnewar Santosh , Kotamraju Srigiridhar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMultidrug resistance mediated by ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters remains a major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, we documented that doxorubicin (Dox) or cisplatin‐induced prostate cancer (PCa) chemoresistance is predominantly mediated by the induction of ABCG4 in androgen‐independent PCa cells. Treatment of DU‐145 or PC‐3 cells with Dox significantly enhanced the expression of ABCG4 that resulted in the efflux of intracellular Dox. However, incubation of cells with ABCG4 short hairpin RNA resulted in a significant accumulation of Dox and sensitized cells to Dox‐induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, simvastatin synergistically potentiated Dox‐induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting ABCG4 in DU‐145 and DU‐145 Doxres cells. Mechanistically, ABCG4 expression was regulated redox‐dependently by intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Treatment of cells with
N‐acetylcysteine or simvastatin restored Dox‐induced depletion of GSH levels that in turn inhibited ABCG4 levels. In addition, a reduction in GSH levels by Dox caused a nuclear factor‐κB dependent enhancement of c‐Myc expression, which led to cAMP‐regulatory element‐binding protein (CREB) activation. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Dox‐induced CREB activation transcriptionally upregulates ABCG4 expression. These results were further confirmed in an in vivo PCa xenograft mice model. Combination of simvastatin and Dox significantly regressed the tumor growth and size with no noticeable Dox‐induced cardiotoxic side effects. Intriguingly, DU‐145 cells with stably depleted ABCG4 levels not only significantly delayed the development of the tumor but also greatly sensitized the tumor to a low dose of Dox that resulted in complete tumor regression. Collectively, this data reinforces a novel function of ABCG4 in Dox‐mediated chemoresistance, and as a potential therapeutic target in drug‐induced PCa chemoresistance.
Improving the absorption of solar cells using antenna‐inspired cavities
Authors: Karaosmanoğlu Barışcan , Tuygar Emre , Topçuoğlu Ulaş , Ergül Özgür 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present new types of nanocavities to improve the absorption of solar cells for energy harvesting in wide frequency ranges of the optical spectrum. Using a full‐wave approach, as opposed to the commonly used ray‐based modeling of the light, antenna‐inspired cavities with horn shapes are proposed and introduced. The effectiveness of the designed cavities is demonstrated in comparison to the conventional textures involving inverted pyramids and nanocones. Highly accurate numerical results show that solar‐cell structures with horn‐type cavities can provide excellent absorbance rates, even without using any matching layer.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI of the prostate without susceptibility artifacts: Undersampled multi‐shot turbo‐STEAM with rotated radial trajectories
Authors: Merrem Andreas , Hofer Sabine , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali , Voit Dirk , Merboldt Klaus‐Dietmar , Tan Zhengguo , Frahm Jens 
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a clinically feasible approach to diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI of the prostate without susceptibility‐induced artifacts. The proposed method relies on an undersampled multi‐shot DW turbo‐STEAM sequence with rotated radial trajectories and a multi‐step inverse reconstruction with denoised multi‐shot phase maps. The total acquisition time was below 6 min for a resolution of 1.4 × 1.4 × 3.5 mm3 and six directions at b = 600 s mm−2. Studies of eight healthy subjects and two patients with prostate cancer were performed at 3 T employing an 18‐channel body‐array coil and elements of the spine coil. The method was compared with conventional DW echo‐planar imaging (EPI) of the prostate. The results confirm that DW STEAM MRI avoids geometric distortions and false image intensities, which were present for both single‐shot EPI (ssEPI) and readout‐segmented EPI, particularly near the intestinal wall of the prostate. Quantitative accuracy of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was validated with use of a numerical phantom providing ground truth. ADC values in the central prostate gland of healthy subjects were consistent with those measured using ssEPI and with literature data. Preliminary results for patients with prostate cancer revealed a correct anatomical localization of lesions with respect to T2‐weighted MRI in both mean DW STEAM images and ADC maps. In summary, DW STEAM MRI of the prostate offers clinically relevant advantages for the diagnosis of prostate cancer compared with state‐of‐the‐art EPI‐based approaches. The method warrants extended clinical trials.
The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground‐penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard
Authors: de Smet T.S. , Everett M.E. , Warden R.R. , Komas T. , Hagin J.N. , Gavette P. , Martini J.A. , Barker L. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAlcatraz Island National Historic Landmark is best known as a former high‐security federal penitentiary that once housed many of the United States most notorious gangsters. Today, it is a popular tourist destination adjacent to the Golden Gate Bridge in scenic San Francisco Bay. Alcatraz is less known in its former military role as a 19th‐century coastal fortification protecting the interests of a rapidly westward‐expanding nation during the turbulent era of Manifest Destiny, the 1849 Gold Rush and the Civil War. The fortification, with its underground ammunition magazines and tunnels, is important from a military history perspective, marking the transition to earthen structures from the traditional brick and masonry constructions that characterized earlier 19th‐century coastal defences. In this paper, geophysical interpretations based upon an attribute analysis of ground‐penetrating radar data are combined with terrestrial laser scans, georectifications based on historical documents, maps and photographs to develop an iterative model for locating and determining the extent and integrity of subsurface historical architectural remains beneath the former recreation yard of the Alcatraz penitentiary. Using this approach, remnants of buried structures including a ‘bombproof’ earthwork traverse and its underlying vaulted brick masonry tunnel and ventilation ducts were discovered to run east‐west beneath the recreation yard. This integrative and iterative process permits accurate spatial identification of these and other 19th‐century architectural structures depicted in historical documents. This approach can be applied to subsurface investigations at other important cultural landmarks worldwide.
Machine learning to estimate soil moisture from geophysical measurements of electrical conductivity
Authors: Moghadas Davood , Badorreck Annika 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSoil water content (θ) is a key variable in different earth science disciplines since it mediates the water and energy exchange between the surface and atmosphere. Electrical and electromagnetic geophysical techniques have been widely used to estimate soil electrical conductivity (σ) and soil moisture. However, obtaining the relationship is not straightforward due to the non‐linearity and also dependency on many different soil and environmental properties. The purpose of this paper is to determine if artificial neural network is an appropriate machine learning technique for relating electrical conductivity to soil water content. In this respect, time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography measurements were carried out along a transect in the Chicken Creek catchment (Brandenburg, Germany). To ensure proper retrieval of the σ and θ, reference values were measured near the beginning of the transect via an excavated pit using 5TE capacitance sensors installed at different depths. We explored robustness and pertinence of the artificial neural network approach in comparison with Rhoades model (as a commonly used petrophysical relationship) to convert the inversely estimated σ from electrical resistivity tomography to the θ. The proposed approach was successfully validated and benchmarked by comparing the estimated values with the reference data. This study showed the superiority of the artificial neural network approach to the Rhoades model to obtain relationship. In particular, artificial neural network allowed for more accurate estimation of the temporal wetting front than the petrophysical model. The proposed methodology thus offers a great promise for deriving spatiotemporal soil moisture patterns from geophysical data and obtaining the in situ relationship, taking into account the non‐linear variations of the soil moisture.
Management of severe congenital protein C deficiency with a direct oral anticoagulant, edoxaban: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Arakawa Yuki , Yanagi Masato , Isobe Kiyotaka , Mori Makiko , Koh Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA male patient diagnosed with severe congenital protein C (PC) deficiency during the neonatal period was treated with long‐term warfarin but frequently developed purpura fulminans and bleeding. At four years of age, edoxaban was initiated (direct oral anticoagulant [DOAC]). His d‐dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product levels were closely monitored. His PC activity increased from below the sensitivity range to 17%; this increase was thought to be due to a reduction in PC consumption during edoxaban therapy. After edoxaban introduction, he experienced just one episode of purpura fulminans over two years without any adverse events. Thus, DOAC may be a promising alternative for the management of congenital PC deficiency.
Structural characterization of the Imm52 family protein TsiT in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: She Zhun , Geng Zhi , Xu Jian‐Hua , Li Yan‐Hua , Dong Yu‐Hui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) utilizes many toxic effectors to gain advantage over interbacterial competition and eukaryotic host infection. Meanwhile, the cognate immunity proteins of these effectors are employed to protect themselves from the virulence. TseT and TsiT form an effector‐immunity (E‐I) protein pair secreted by T6SS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. TseT is toxic for other bacteria, whereas TsiT can suppress the virulence of TseT. Here, we report the crystal structure of TsiT at 1.6 Å resolution. TsiT is a typical α + β class protein and belongs to a novel Imm52 protein family of the polymorphic toxin system. Apart from TsiT, only one structure of the Imm52 family proteins is present in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), but that structure is not characterized and shares low sequence identity with TsiT. We characterized the basic features of TsiT structure and identified conserved residues of the Imm52 family proteins according to homology comparison. Our work provided structural information of a new protein family and should aid future functional studies.
High fire disturbance in forests leads to longer recovery, but varies by forest type
Authors: Hislop Samuel , Jones Simon , Soto‐Berelov Mariela , Skidmore Andrew , Haywood Andrew , Nguyen Trung H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcross the world, millions of hectares of forest are burned by wildfires each year. Satellite remote sensing, particularly when used in time series, can describe complex disturbance‐recovery processes, but is underutilized by ecologists. This study examines whether a greater disturbance magnitude equates to a longer recovery length, in the fire‐adapted forests of south‐east Australia. Using Landsat time series, spectral disturbance and recovery maps were first created, for 2.3 million hectares of forest, burned between 2002 and 2009. To construct these maps, a piecewise linear model was fitted to each pixel's Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) temporal trajectory, and used to extract the disturbance magnitude (change in NBR) and the spectral recovery length (number of years for the NBR trajectory to return to its pre‐fire state). Pearson's correlations between disturbance magnitude and spectral recovery length were then calculated at a state level, bioregion level and patch level (600 m × 600 m, or 36 hectares). Our results showed overall correlation at the state level to be inconclusive, due to confounding factors. At the bioregion level, correlations were predominantly positive (i.e. a greater disturbance equals a longer recovery). At the patch level, both positive and negative correlations occurred, with clear evidence of spatial patterns. This suggests that the relationship between disturbance magnitude and recovery length is dependent on forest type. This was further explored by investigating the major vegetation divisions within one bioregion, which provided further evidence that relationships varied by vegetation type. In Heathy Dry Forests, for example, a greater disturbance magnitude usually led to a longer recovery length, while in Tall Mist Forests, the opposite behaviour was evident. Results of the patch‐level analysis were particularly promising, demonstrating the utility of satellite remote sensing in producing landscape scale information to inform policy and management.
From Chemical Gardens to Quasibiological Inorganic Cells
Authors: Pampalakis Georgios 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe formation of closed chemical gardens that resemble quasibiological cells at the macroscale (> 1 cm) is demonstrated. The cells are produced by injecting lanthanide salts in alkaline solutions and do not require silicates. The cells can encapsulate chemicals and enzymes and carry out reactions.
Quinoline–1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids: Design and Synthesis through Click Reaction, Evaluation of Anti‐Tubercular Activity, Molecular Docking and In Silico ADME Studies
Authors: Reddyrajula Rajkumar , Dalimba Udayakumar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new series of quinoline‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives (6a‐j and 10a‐j) were designed based on the molecular hybridization concept and the molecules were synthesized by employing a click chemistry approach. The pharmacophoric units (quinoline and 1,2,3‐triazole) are linked through either an ether or an amide functionality; such a simple structural modification of the linker group significantly enhanced the anti‐tubercular activity of the molecules and all the amide derivatives showed better inhibition activity as compared to their ether analogs. However, these compounds did not inhibit significantly the growth of tested bacterial strains: the activity profile is similar to that observed for standard anti‐TB drugs indicating the specificity of these compounds towards the M.tuberculosis strain. The molecular docking studies of the active compounds with two target enzymes (Inh A and CYP121) of M.tuberculosis revealed the strong binding interactions, mainly through hydrogen bonding, between the molecules and the target receptors. Furthermore, prediction of in silico‐ADME (A: absorption, D: distribution, M: metabolism and E: excretion) parameters indicated that these compounds have an excellent oral bioavailability. The results suggest that these quinoline‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids are a promising class of molecular entities for the development of new anti‐tubercular leads.
Polydopamine‐Modified Reduced Graphene Oxides as a Capable Electrode for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Dong Shu , Xie Zeyu , Fang Yongzheng , Zhu Kai , Gao Yinyi , Wang Guiling , Yan Jun , Cheng Kui , Ye Ke , Cao Dianxue 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolydopamine modified reduced graphene oxides (PDA‐rGO) are synthesized by a facile dopamine polymerization reaction. As‐prepared PDA‐rGO shows a capable electrochemical performance as an electrode material for supercapacitors. A capacitance of 120 F g−1 is achieved at current density of 2 A g−1. PDA‐rGO also presents a superior cycling performance with capacitance retention of ∼99% after 10000 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical performance is attributed to the addition of PDA, which prevents the stacking of rGO and enhances the wettability of composite. Meanwhile, the rGO with high conductivity promise fast electronic transport.
Unsettling Faculty Minds: A Faculty Learning Community on Indigenization
Authors: Yeo Michelle , Haggarty Liam , Wida Wathu , Ayoungman Kent , Pearl Catherine M. L. , Stogre Tanya , Waldie Angela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes a faculty learning community formed at our university, in partnership with local Indigenous communities, as part of our response to Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action. We interviewed participants about their experiences in this group, including their challenges and transformations.