bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of theEarlyCretaceousKada igneous rocks fromTethyanHimalaya: Implications for initial break‐up of easternGondwana
Authors: Huang Yong , Zhang Linkui , Liang Wei , Li Guangming , Dong Suiliang , Wu Jianyang , Xia Xiangbiao 
Published: June 2018

Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks associated with the Kerguelen mantle plume are widespread in the Comei area with a chronology concentrated from 134 to 130 Ma. However, less data for the earliest Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks cropping out in the Comei area have been reported. The earliest Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks from the Kada area comprise mafic rock (diabase) and felsic rocks (granite, dacite, and quartz monzonite). This paper presents a detailed LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb chronology with major and minor (trace) elements and Lu–Hf isotope data from Kada igneous rocks to identify the extent of the early activity of the Kerguelen mantle plume and the initial break‐up of eastern Gondwanaland. The LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dates reveal that the age of Kada magmatic rocks range from 136.9 to 143.5 Ma. Kada mafic rocks exhibit both OIB (Samples KD3 and KD06) and N‐MORB (Sample KD7‐1) characteristics. The N‐MORB‐type mafic rocks were derived from partial melting of depleted spinel lherzolite. However, the OIB‐type mafic rocks were derived from partial melting (~60–80 km) of spinel + garnet lherzolite. Kada felsic rocks show obvious enrichment of light rare earth elements and negative Eu anomaly features. Among these, dacite and quartz monzonite rocks show flat heavy rare earth elements and clear Nb, Ta, P, and Ti negative anomalies with depleted εHf(t) characteristics (−11.0 to −21.0). This is indicative of partial melting of specific crustal rocks in an intraplate environment caused by underplating of coeval basaltic magmas. However, granite is characterized by high heavy rare earth element fractionation and high and dispersed εHfcomposition (−1.5 to +8.9), thus indicating that granite is derived from extensive fractional crystallization of mantle‐derived melts from an AFC process. The Kada felsic rocks show A‐type granitic characteristics in an extensional environment. Based on the evidence from palaeomagnetism reconstructions, Kada rocks and Bunbury basalts are both distributed in and influence the scope of the Kerguelen mantle plume. They are also coeval with the initial break‐up of eastern Gondwana. We suggest that Kada magmatic rocks in southern Tibet represent the earliest activity of the Kerguelen mantle plume and that they played a role in the initial break‐up of eastern Gondwana.
High‐silica Ediacaran volcanism in the Dom Feliciano Belt, southernmost Brazil
Authors: Noll Filho Roberto J. , Sommer Carlos A. , de Lima Evandro F. , Philipp Ruy P. , Basei Miguel A.S. 
Published: June 2018

The Cerro Chato region is located in southernmost Brazil and is characterized by associations of acid volcanic and subvolcanic rocks. The region is affected by NW and NE‐ trending faults and is grouped into 2 geomorphologically distinct features: Cerro Chato and Cerro Partido. Cerro Chato is represented by ignimbrites that occur in 2 main facies: lithic‐rich ignimbrites and crystal‐rich ignimbrites. They are poorly sorted and consist of lapilli‐sized pyroclasts in a tuffaceous matrix with eutaxitic texture. Hemi‐crystalline rhyolitic flows represent effusive events, with porphyritic texture, flow structures, and spherulites. Cerro Partido is characterized by a subvolcanic rhyolitic body, with porphyritic texture, elongated in the NE–SW direction. Through geochemical data, the lithologies were characterized as high‐silica type rhyolites, correlated to the alkaline series, close to the subalkaline series limit; display metaluminous to peraluminous character and high contents of alkalis, FeOt/FeOt + MgO and agpaitic index. The Cerro Partido rhyolites were classified as high‐Ti with higher CaO, P2O5, FeOt, MgO, and K2O contents than the Cerro Chato low‐Ti rhyolites. The REE pattern is slightly enriched in LREE in relation to the HREE and has a strong negative Eu anomaly. U–Pb zircon dating indicates an age of 561 ± 2 Ma for Cerro Partido, suggesting contemporaneity with the granitoids of Dom Feliciano Suite. Additionally, Cerro Chato rhyolites indicate an age of 630.4 ± 2.8 Ma. These ages are in agreement with those obtained in the syn‐sedimentary volcanism at the base of the Maricá Formation, Camaquã Basin.
Dealing with severe dementia in clinical practice: A validity and reliability study of Severe Mini‐Mental State Examination in Greek population
Authors: Mougias Antonios A. , Christidi Foteini , Kiosterakis Giorgos , Messinis Lambros , Politis Antonios 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveConsidering the floor effect problems of many cognitive instruments administered in patients with dementia, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Severe Mini‐Mental State Examination (SMMSE) for monitoring patients with moderate to severe dementia in the Greek population.MethodsWe included 210 patients with dementia, mostly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and administered the SMMSE, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Global Deterioration Scale, and the Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL). Demographic effects on SMMSE, validity, and reliability properties were initially tested for the total sample; SMMSE diagnostic accuracy was examined between subgroups of patients according to their MMSE performance; longitudinal changes over a 6‐month period were assessed for a subgroup of 100 patients.ResultsNone of the demographic variables correlated with SMMSE score. Reliability analysis revealed high indices regarding internal consistency, inter‐rater, and test‐retest reliability. Validity analysis showed high correlation coefficients between SMMSE, MMSE, Global Deterioration Scale, and Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale (concurrent validity) and excellent discriminant validity of SMMSE to correctly categorize patients based on their MMSE score. In the longitudinal analysis, we found significant differences (1) only on SMMSE for patients with an MMSE = 0 to 6 at baseline and (2) both on SMMSE and MMSE for patients with an MMSE = 7 to 16 at baseline. No differences were detected for patients with an MMSE = 17 to 22 at baseline.ConclusionsWe suggest the SMMSE as quick, reliable, valid, and insensitive to demographic effects psychometric instrument to monitor cognitive changes in patients with profoundly severe dementia.
Parental acceptance of HPV vaccines in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Juntasopeepun Phanida , Thana Kanjana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify variables associated with the acceptance of HPV vaccination among Thai parents/primary caregivers.MethodsThe present prospective cross‐sectional study recruited the parents/caregivers of female adolescents aged 12–18 years from schools in Chiang Mai, Thailand, between January 1 and February 29, 2016. A four‐part questionnaire was distributed to assess demographics, HPV vaccine acceptance, knowledge, and beliefs toward HPV and cervical cancer. Predictors of HPV vaccine acceptance were determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study enrolled 331 parents; more than half (195 [61.1%]) had heard of HPV vaccines. Their knowledge related to HPV and cervical cancer was moderate. A majority of parents (266/313 [85.0%]) indicated they would accept HPV vaccination if the costs were subsidized by the government. Acceptance of HPV vaccines was associated with perceived benefits of HPV vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.88), perceived susceptibility to disease (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.11–1.81), and household income (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.02–1.78).ConclusionParental beliefs have an important role in their acceptance to vaccinate their daughters. These potentially modifiable beliefs offer strategies for future interventions designed to increase uptake for future HPV vaccination campaigns.
Information shocks and the empirical evaluation of training programs during unemployment spells
Authors: Crépon Bruno , Ferracci Marc , Jolivet Gregory , van den Berg Gerard J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe study the role of notifications in the evaluation of training programs for unemployed workers. Using a unique administrative data set containing the dates when information is exchanged between job seekers and caseworkers, we address three questions: Do information shocks, such as notification of future training, have an effect on unemployment duration? What is the joint effect of notification and training programs on unemployment? Can ignoring information shocks lead to a large bias in the estimation of the effect of training programs? We discuss these issues through the lens of a job search model and then conduct an empirical analysis following a “random effects” approach to deal with selectivity. We find that notification has a strong positive effect on the training probability but a negative one on the probability of leaving unemployment. This “attraction” effect highlights the importance of accounting for notifications in the evaluation of active labor market policies.
Homogeneity pursuit in panel data models: Theory and application
Authors: Wang Wuyi , Phillips Peter C. B. , Su Liangjun 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper studies the estimation of a panel data model with latent structures where individuals can be classified into different groups with the slope parameters being homogeneous within the same group but heterogeneous across groups. To identify the unknown group structure of vector parameters, we design an algorithm called Panel‐CARDS. We show that it can identify the true group structure asymptotically and estimate the model parameters consistently at the same time. Simulations evaluate the performance and corroborate the asymptotic theory in several practical design settings. The empirical application reveals the heterogeneous grouping effect of income on democracy.
Integrated delivery of antiretroviral treatment and pre‐exposure prophylaxis toHIV‐1 serodiscordant couples in East Africa: a qualitative evaluation study in Uganda
Authors: Ware Norma C , Pisarski Emily E , Nakku‐Joloba Edith , Wyatt Monique A , Muwonge Timothy R , Turyameeba Bosco , Asiimwe Stephen B , Heffron Renee A , Baeten Jared M , Celum Connie L , Katabira Elly T 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionSerodiscordant couples are a priority population for delivery of newHIVprevention interventions in Africa. An integrated strategy of delivering time‐limited, oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to uninfected partners in serodiscordant couples as a bridge to long‐term antiretroviral treatment (ART) for infected partners has been implemented in East Africa, nearly eliminating new infections. We conducted a qualitative evaluation of the integrated strategy in Uganda, to better understand its success.MethodsData collection consisted of 274 in‐depth interviews with 93 participating couples, and 55 observations of clinical encounters between couples and healthcare providers. An inductive content analytic approach aimed at understanding and interpreting couples’ experiences of the integrated strategy was used to examine the data. Analysis sought to characterize: (1) key aspects of services provided; (2) what the services meant to recipients; and (3) how couples managed the integrated strategy. Themes were identified in each domain, and represented as descriptive categories. Categories were grouped inductively into more general propositions based on shared content. Propositions were linked and interpreted to explain “why the integrated strategy worked.”ResultsCouples found “couples‐focused” services provided through the integrated strategy strengthened partnered relationships threatened by the discovery of serodiscordance. They saw in services hope for “getting help” to stay together, turned joint visits to clinic into opportunities for mutual support, and experienced counselling as bringing them closer together.Couples adopted a “couples orientation” to the integrated strategy, considering the health of partners as they made decisions about initiatingARTor accepting PrEP, and devising joint approaches to adherence. A couples orientation to services, grounded in strengthened partnerships, may have translated to greater success in using antiretrovirals to preventHIVtransmission.ConclusionsVarious strategies for delivering antiretrovirals forHIVprevention are being evaluated. Understanding how and why these strategies work will improve evaluation processes and strengthen implementation platforms. We highlight the role of service organization in shaping couples’ experiences of and responses toARTand PrEPin the context of the integrated strategy. Organizing services to promote positive care experiences will strengthen delivery and contribute to positive outcomes as antiretrovirals for prevention are rolled out.
Curse or Blessing? An Empirical Re‐examination of Natural Resource‐Growth Nexus
Authors: Yanıkkaya Halit , Turan Taner 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study re‐examines the natural resource abundance‐growth nexus for a large sample of countries. Our findings indicate that total resource, coal, mineral, natural gas and oil rents have significantly positive effects on growth while forest rents have negative effects. While estimation results show that coal and mineral rents raise growth for resource poor countries, natural gas and oil rents (forest rents) raise (lower) growth for resource‐rich countries. Overall, our results fail to support the natural resource curse hypothesis. On the contrary, we can conclude that, except for forest rents, resource rents appear to be a blessing rather than a curse. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realization of RGB colors from top‐emitting white OLED by electron beam patterning
Authors: Bodenstein Elisabeth , Schober Matthias , Hoffmann Marie , Metzner Christoph , Vogel Uwe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate the realization of red, green, and blue colors from top‐emitting white organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) for display applications. In our approach, red, green, and blue colors are realized by microcavity‐based mode selection from the spectrum of a white OLED. For the tuning of individual microcavities, the OLED hole transport layer is patterned by an electron beam process.
Hepatic artery infusion of melphalan in patients with liver metastases from ocular melanoma
Authors: Boone Brian A. , Perkins Samantha , Bandi Rupal , Santos Ernesto , McCluskey Kevin , Bartlett David L. , Pingpank James F. 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesOcular melanoma has a predilection for liver metastases. Systemic treatment is ineffective and the optimal regional therapy approach is poorly defined. Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) with melphalan has emerged as a viable treatment option, however a subset of patients are not candidates for this treatment. We therefore sought to determine if melphalan could be safely administered via the hepatic artery for these patients.MethodsA retrospective review of patients treated with hepatic artery infusion (HAI) of melphalan was undertaken. All patients had contraindications to IHP and were without other therapy options. Melphalan infusion was repeated every four weeks with consideration for dose escalation in the absence of toxicity or significant disease progression.ResultsFourteen patients were treated with HAI of melphalan from 2010 to 2015. All patients had hepatic dysfunction or prohibitive tumor volume precluding IHP. There were no procedure‐related complications. Three patients (21%) died within 30 days and the median survival was 2.9 months. Elevated baseline bilirubin > 2.5 mg/dL was associated with worse overall survival (0.93 vs 6.3 months, P < 0.05).ConclusionHAI of melphalan is safe and feasible for patients with metastatic ocular melanoma. Further study to determine the optimal utilization of this treatment approach is warranted.
The success story of irrigation against salinity in Violada, NE Spain
Authors: Herrero Juan , Castañeda Carmen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the early 20th century, when extensive areas of land were transformed from rainfed to irrigated agriculture, there was a severe lack of scientific and technical literature available on the effects of applying water to saline soils. This was the case of the Violada Irrigation District located in a semiarid region of NE Spain whose transformation started in the 1940s. We discuss the use of agronomical expertise and the limited knowledge of soils available prior to the transformation, the favorable and unfavorable scenarios encountered during the transformation, and the final success of irrigation despite the initial soil salinization and water logging. We attribute the technical success to the fact that gypsum is common in the soils and geological materials, and to the continued drainage efforts. Failures in the irrigation of saline lands are a frequent subject of discussion in the scientific literature; contrariwise, we present the history of a successfully irrigated district after 70 years.
The impact of grazing on seedling patterns in degraded sparse‐elm grassland
Authors: Wang Yongcui , Chu Lei , Daryanto Stefani , Wang Lixin , Lin Jixiang , Ala Musa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOver‐grazing by livestock in semiarid ecosystems is one of the main causes of desertification. Although over‐grazing contributes to global environmental challenge, only a few studies have investigated grazing impacts on the composition of species and functional groups of seedling bank. In this study, we determined whether the composition of seedling species and functional groups, as well as the correlations between the seedlings of sparse‐elm (Ulmus pumila var. sabulosa or U. pumila) and other species changed under three grazing intensities in the degraded sparse‐elm grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. Species composition and abundance of established seedlings were surveyed and the relationships between seedlings of U. pumila and other species were analyzed. The results showed that plant communities under moderate grazing were more stable than the other two grazing intensities due to higher seedling density, higher species richness, and higher number of perennial herbs. Seedlings of U. pumila could even prevent noxious seedlings growth under moderate grazing. We concluded that moderate grazing could benefit the recovery of this sparse‐elm grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land.
Development of a Polymer‐Based Biodegradable Neurovascular Stent Prototype: A Preliminary In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Nikoubashman Omid , Heringer Sarah , Feher Katalin , Brockmann Marc‐Alexander , Sellhaus Bernd , Dreser Alice , Kurtenbach Kathrin , Pjontek Rastislav , Jockenhövel Stefan , Weis Joachim , Kießling Fabian , Gries Thomas , Wiesmann Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiodegradable stents are not established in neurovascular interventions. In this study, mechanical, radiological, and histological characteristics of a stent prototype developed for neurovascular use are presented. The elasticity and brittleness of PLA 96/4, PLDL 70/30, PCL, and PLGA 85/15 and 10/90 polymers in in vitro experiments are first analyzed. After excluding the inapt polymers, degradability and mechanical characteristics of 78 PLGA 85/15 and PLGA 10/90 stent prototypes are analyzed. After excluding PLGA 10/90 stents because of rapid loss of mass PLGA 85/15 stents in porcine in vivo experiments are analyzed. Angiographic occlusion rates 7 d, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after stent implantation are assessed. Histological outcome measures are the presence of signs of inflammation, endothelialization, and the homogeneity of degradation after six months. One case of stent occlusion occurs within the first 7 d. There is a prominent foreign‐body reaction with considerable mononuclear and minor granulocytic inflammation combined with incomplete fragmental degradation of the struts. It is possible to produce a stent prototype with dimensions that fit the typical size of carotid arteries. Major improvements concerning thrombogenicity, degradation, and inflammatory response are required to produce biodegradable stents that are suitable for neurovascular interventions.
Protein‐Based Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Enzymes with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Steiert Elena , Radi Lydia , Fach Matthias , Wich Peter R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProteins represent a versatile biopolymer material for the preparation of nanoparticles due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. This study presents a protein‐based nanoparticle system consisting of high surface PEGylated lysozyme polyethylene glycol‐modified lysozyme (LYZmPEG). This protein modification leads to a solubility switch, which allows a nanoparticle preparation using a mild double emulsion method without the need of surfactants. The method allows the encapsulation of large hydrophilic payloads inside of the protein‐based nanoparticle system. Native lysozyme (LYZ) was chosen as payload because of its innate activity as natural antibiotic. The mild particle preparation procedure retains the structure and activity of the enzyme which was successfully tested against the gram‐positive bacteria strain M. Luteus. In comparison, the particle system shows no toxicity to human cells. This first report of a full protein‐based particle material for the transport of large hydrophilic payloads opens up new therapeutic applications for biopolymer‐based delivery systems.
Accelerated image reconstruction using extrapolated Tikhonov filtering for photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Gutta Sreedevi , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Pramanik Manojit , Yalavarthy Phaneendra K. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeDevelopment of simple and computationally efficient extrapolated Tikhonov filtering reconstruction methods for photoacoustic tomography.MethodsThe model‐based reconstruction algorithms in photoacoustic tomography typically utilize Tikhonov regularization scheme for the reconstruction of initial pressure distribution from the measured boundary acoustic data. The automated choice of regularization parameter in these cases is computationally expensive. Moreover, the Tikhonov scheme promotes the smooth features in the reconstructed image due to the smooth regularizer, thus leading to loss of sharp features. The proposed extrapolation method estimates the solution at zero regularization assuming the solution being a function of regularization parameter and thus posing it as a zero value problem. Thus, the numerically computed zero regularization solution is expected to have better features compared to standard Tikhonov solution, with an added advantage of removing the necessity of automated choice of regularization. The reconstructed results using this method were shown in three variants (Lanczos, traditional, and exponential) of Tikhonov filtering and were compared with the standard error estimate technique.ResultsFour numerical (including realistic breast phantom) and two experimental phantom data were utilized to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. It was shown that the proposed method performance was superior than the standard error estimate technique, being at least four times faster in terms of computation, and provides an improvement as high as 2.6 times in terms of standard figures of merit.ConclusionThe developed extrapolated Tikhonov filtering methods overcome the difficulty of obtaining a suitable regularization parameter and shown to be reconstructing high‐quality photoacoustic images with additional advantage of being computationally efficient, making it more appealing in real‐time applications.