bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Patient Activation Measure 13
Authors: Cunha Cristiane Martins , da Cunha Débora Cristine Prévide Teixeira , Manzato Rafaela de Oliveira , Nepomuceno Eliane , da Silva Dirceu , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti 
Published: May 2019

Background and PurposeTo assess the psychometric properties of the PAM13 Brazilian-Portuguese (PAM13-B) among outpatients with chronic diseases.Methods513 adults participated, diagnosed with a chronic disease for more than 6 months, under outpatient monitoring. Reliability was tested using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was verified through different techniques (correlation between activation and self-esteem measures, anxiety, depression and health status), known-groups validity and dimensionality by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe PAM13-B presented appropriate results for internal consistency (α = 0.83) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.81). A moderate correlation was found between activation and self-esteem only (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). The one-dimensional structure was not confirmed in the sample analyzed.ConclusionsIn the study sample, the version PAM13-B demonstrated its reliability and validity, but with a two-factor structure.
Psychometric Evaluation of a Tool for Assessment of Clinical Development in Newly Licensed Registered Nurses
Authors: Smith Ann Louise , Cazzell Mary , Holland James 
Published: May 2019

Background and PurposeFor effective evaluation of clinical development, established psychometric properties of reliability and validity are essential. The Clinical Development Assessment (CDA) tool was developed within a 12-month pediatric nurse residency program. Benner's novice-to-expert model framed the development of the CDA.MethodsData from 129 nurse residents and their preceptors were used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and face, content, and construct validity. Nine elements were assigned a six-point Likert scale scored as (a) unsafe, (b) novice, (c) advanced beginner, (d) competent, (e) proficient, and (f) expert.ResultsModerately strong reliability was found. Using exploratory factor analysis, a single factor accounted for 68% of the variance in clinical development. Face and content validity were confirmed.ConclusionsThis study identified a brief, valid, and reliable tool to evaluate clinical development in newly licensed registered nurses.
Professional Nursing Values in Men: An NPVS-R Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Schmidt Bonnie J. , Mott Jason , Thompson Ashley E. , Henne Trevor , Patterson Megan 
Published: May 2019

Background and PurposeAlthough the Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) has been validated in predominantly female samples, this instrument has not been validated with adequate samples of men. The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of the NPVS-R in a sample of male nurses and nursing students.MethodsPsychometric testing was performed, using principal component analysis (PCA), on a convenience sample of 329 men in nursing from the United States. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsParticipants rated the values in the NPVS-R as important, although undergraduate students significantly less so than graduate students or nurses. Factor labels of caring, professionalism, and activism were similar to those in previous studies. Variations across responses to particular items may reflect cultural variations.ConclusionsAlthough further testing is needed, results from the current study indicate that the NPVS-R is a valid and reliable scale when administered to a sample of male nurses and nursing students.
Pendidkan Karakter dalam Bingkai Pendidikan Islam: Studi di Pondok Pesantren Al-Halimy Sesela, Lombok Barat
Authors: Johairi Johairi 
Published: May 2019

Pendidikan karakter di Pondok Pesantren sangatlah penting dilakukan, sebab hal tersebut dapat menjadikan siswa atau santri mengalami perubahan, baik sikap, prilaku, dan pola fikir serta kepribadian yang luhur. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan penanaman karakter peserta didik/santri di Podnok Pesantren AlHalimy Sesela, Gunungsari, LombokBarat. Pondok pesantren Al-Halimy merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan di Kabupaten Lombok Barat yang mengambil peran dalam penanaman pendidikan karakter atau akhlak.
Kata Kunci: pendidikan karakter, nilai, disiplin, tanggujawab, toleransi, pondok pesantren Al-Halimy Sesela.
Dikotomi Pendidikan Islam: Akar Historis dan Dikotomisasi Ilmu
Authors: Asyari Akhmad , Makruf Rusni Bil 
Published: May 2019

Akhmad Asyari PAI Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan IAIN Mataram asyarismart@yahoo.com
Rusni Bil Makruf PAI Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan IAIN Mataram

Abstrak: Pemisahan ilmu agama dan non-agama atau apa yang disebut dikotomisasi ilmu dalam wacana pendidikan Islam telah menimbulkan banyak perdebatan di kalangan tokoh pendidikan Islam. Sebagian tokoh medukung penuh sistem dikotomi dan sebagian menolak keras adanya dikotomi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengurai akar historis dikotomisasi pendidikan Islam. Hasil temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam sangat menganjurkan eksplorasi ilmu pengetahuan dengan tidak memisahkan dan mempertentangkan antara ilmu agama dan ilmu non agama. Dalam Islam, tidak ada pendikotomian ilmu, yang ada hanyalah pengklasifikasian ilmu, akan tetapi pada praktiknya pengklasifikasian ilmu tersebut salah diartikan oleh banyak kalangan masyarakat muslim itu sendiri.
The Determination of Metals and Minerals Contains in The Water of Pucung River, Prehistoric Site Sangiran, Central of Java
Authors: Gintu Agung Rimayanto , Riyanto Cucun Alep , Handayani Widhi , Purnomo Andri , Wicaksono Stefanus Agung 
Published: May 2019

<p>Sangiran was an important prehistoric site heritage for Indonesia. Entire site area was living environment once pass by several rivers, one of them was Pucung river. This study was approaching study from water environment by measuring metals and minerals contained in the water from Pucung river and measured that Iron (Fe) containend was 0,01mg/L; Zink (Zn) 0,02mg/L; Nickel (Ni) 0,00mg/L; Mangan (Mn) 0,00mg/L; Chrom (VI) (Cr<sup>6+</sup>) 0,009mg/L; Aluminium (III) (Al<sup>3+</sup>) 0,00mg/L and Copper (Cu) 0,01mg/L. From the minerals containing measured that Phosphate (PO4) 0,37mg/L; Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) 0,8mg/L; Nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) 0,001mg/L; Chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>) 0,01mg/L; Fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>) 0,00mg/L; Sulphide (S<sup>2-</sup>) 0,0µg/L; Sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) 6,00mg/L; and N as N-NH<sub>3</sub> (Ammonia) 0,05mg/L. This studi continuing the study before wich are just limiting to studying the river stratigraphy..</p>
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM SOLVING DAN LEARNING CYCLE 5E TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN METAKOGNISI SISWA PADA MATERI LARUTAN PENYANGGA
Authors: Widianingrum Winda Mega , Mulyani Sri , Utomo Suryadi Budi 
Published: May 2019

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mengintegrasikan model pembelajaran problem solving dan learning cycle 5E terhadap prestasi belajar siswa (2) pengaruh kemampuan metakognisi terhadap prestasi belajar; (3) interaksi antara model pembelajaran problem solving dan learning cycle 5E dengan kemampuan metakognisi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain faktorial 2 × 2. Partisipan pada artikel ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 6 dan XI MIPA 7 SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Data hasil penelitian menggunakan anava dua jalan dengan frekuensi sel tak sama, sedangkan data prestasi analisis dan uji menggunakan uji statistik non parametrik Kruskal Wallis H. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada faktor model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah dan siklus belajar 5E (2) Ada pengaruh kemampuan metakognisi terhadap prestasi dan keterampilan, sedangkan kemampuan untuk belajar; (3) Tidak ada interaksi antara model pembelajaran problem solving dan learning cycle 5E dengan kemampuan metakognisi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, sikap dan keterampilan. </p><p><strong> Kata Kunci:</strong> Kompetensi Guru, Kelompok Peer, Prestasi Belajar Siswa </p>
ANALYSIS THE EFFECT OF PRIMARY COIL LENGTH OF TRANSFORMATOR TO THE RESULTED ELECTROMOTIF FORCE
Authors: Cahyono Bowo Eko , Ali Muhammad Syukron , Supriyadi Supriyadi 
Published: May 2019

Transformator is an electrical device that uses a principle of solenoid wrapped in kern, and there are usually two or more coils. Each coil of the taranformator is electromagnetically connected. The transformator is made to fulfill the specific level of voltage required in the devices or systems that use alternating current electrical energy. For example, transformator tap change is design to have different number of primary turns to produce a fixed output voltage, in term there is a changing in the input voltage. This research tries to analyze the effect of the length of primary coil difference of transformator to the voltage resulted in the secondary coil. The objective of the study is producing a relationship of primary coil length variation to the resulting voltage. Variation of coil length is made from 1 cm to 15 cm with interval of 1 cm coil length. The length of the secondary coil is also varied imto 3 cm, 6 cm, and 9 cm. The test is performed by providing the same input voltage at each variation of the primary coil length and then measure the output voltage. The results show that the longer primary coil will produce the smaller output voltage in the secondary coil of tranformator. Based on the resulted graph, the relationship of the length variant of primary coil is linear to the voltage measured in the secondary coil.with determination coefficient (R2) of
0.9603, 0.9775, and 0.9822 respectively forlength of 3 cm, 6 cm, and 9 cm of the secondary coil.
Performance Evaluation of Fly Ash as a Potential Demulsifier for Water-in-Crude-Oil Emulsion Stabilized by Asphaltenes
Authors: Adewunmi Ahmad A. , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: May 2019

Summary
The quest for smart and cost–effective demulsification materials to separate water–in–crude–oil (W/O) emulsions is ongoing in the petroleum industry. We conducted an assessment study on the potency of coal fly ash (CFA) as a demulsifier for W/O emulsions. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting CFA as a demulsifier for highly stable W/O emulsions. Samples of W/O emulsions were prepared without using any conventional emulsifier. Asphaltenes in the crude oil acted as an emulsifier, and stable emulsions were produced. Six W/O–emulsion samples of the same crude–oil/water volume ratio (4:6) were formulated. A reference sample was selected for comparison during demulsification. Demulsification tests were performed at room temperature (25°C). Demulsification results obtained using bottle tests showed that the reference sample (blank) without CFA remained stable without water separation after 48 hours, while the addition of various CFA quantities (1 to 7%) brought about the separation of water from the oil phase. Separation of water was observed to have increased with increasing CFA addition in the emulsion. Water separation continued for each sample until approximately 24 hours, when equilibrium was attained and water separation remained constant. The W/O emulsion containing 7% CFA displayed the highest performance with demulsification efficiency (DE) of 96.67%. Demulsification–comparison test results between CFA and a commercial demulsifier (poloxamer 407) using the same concentration and under room temperature showed that CFA was capable of separating water better than this commercial demulsifier. This observation indicates that CFA can compete favorably with many commercial demulsifiers available in the market. In addition, the outcome of DE of 7% CFA at elevated temperatures (i.e., 60 and 80°C) was approximately 98%. More importantly, the separated water at these elevated temperatures was clearer and contained fewer oil floccules than the separated water phase observed during demulsification tests conducted under room–temperature (25°C) conditions. Shear–rheology measurement reveals that adding CFA altered the viscoelastic characteristics at the crude–oil/water interface at an aging time of 10 hours and 55 minutes. The viscous modulus remained stagnant, whereas the elastic modulus dropped significantly. Interfacial–tension (IFT) results show that CFA particles often tend to diminish the interfacial films existing between crude oil and water. Optical morphology revealed the phase transformation in the as–prepared W/O emulsion before and after the addition of CFA particles. We propose a possible mechanism governing the demulsification of W/O emulsion driven by CFA particles. We believe that this work will be relevant to petroleum–exploration/refining operations.
An Integrated Approach for History Matching of Multiscale-Fracture Reservoirs
Authors: Yao Mengbi , Chang Haibin , Li Xiang , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Naturally or hydraulically fractured reservoirs usually contain fractures at various scales. Among these fractures, large-scale fractures might strongly affect fluid flow, making them essential for production behavior. Areas with densely populated small-scale fractures might also affect the flow capacity of the region and contribute to production. However, because of limited information, locating each small-scale fracture individually is impossible. The coexistence of different fracture scales also constitutes a great challenge for history matching. In this work, an integrated approach is proposed to inverse model multiscale fractures hierarchically using dynamic production data. In the proposed method, a hybrid of an embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) and a dual-porosity/dual-permeability (DPDP) model is devised to parameterize multiscale fractures. The large-scale fractures are explicitly modeled by EDFM with Hough-transform-based parameterization to maintain their geometrical details. For the area with densely populated small-scale fractures, a truncated Gaussian field is applied to capture its spatial distribution, and then the DPDP model is used to model this fracture area. After the parameterization, an iterative history-matching method is used to inversely model the flow in a fractured reservoir. Several synthetic cases, including one case with single-scale fractures and three cases with multiscale fractures, are designed to test the performance of the proposed approach.
A Study of Formation Damage of Selective Mineralogy Due to Bacterial Plugging
Authors: Ghalambor A. , Hayatdavoudi A. , Shahidi-Asl M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the nature of formation plugging due to growth of bacteria on formation minerals. Experiments were performed by injecting live bacteria cells through pipettes packed separately with different clay and non-clay minerals. A total of eight minerals: non-clay (Quartz, Feldspar, Calcite and Olivine) and clay (illite, Kaolin, Calcium montmorillonite and Sodium montmorillonite) were tested. Bacteria used for the experiment was Bacillus Cereus. A 10% Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) solution as a brine was passed through packed minerals, and the flow rates were recorded periodically before and after the bacteria injection. Pressure, temperature and concentration of bacteria cells were held constant during the experiments. The absolute permeability of packed minerals was determined by using Darcy's equation. Plugging effects were analyzed using the percentage ratio of reduced absolute permeability to the initial absolute permeability versus pore volume.
The Zeta Potential reading was measured from each mineral under test before and after its interaction with bacteria. This was another way to test the affinity of bacteria toward any particular mineral and their subsequent accumulation around that mineral in the pore space. For this purpose, particle micro-electrophoresis instrument was used to measure zeta potential of the bacteria, the minerals under test, and their interaction.
Permeability measurements and zeta potential readings indicate that the type of mineral present had a significant effect on plugging characteristics of the formation. It was determined that Olivine as compared with other minerals tested had the highest tendency to attract bacteria. These studies also showed that both clays, Calcium and Sodium montmorillonite carry a larger net negative charge than other minerals after interaction with bacteria. To be certain about the accuracy of the results of mineral-bacterial interaction, the optical density of mineral solutions before and after injection of bacteria were measured. Growth of bacteria on the minerals was also verified through the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Tranexamic acid for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (The HALT-IT trial): Statistical analysis plan for an international, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Brenner Amy Charlotte , Afolabi Adefemi , Ahmad Syed Masroor , Arribas Monica , Chaudhri Rizwana , Coats Timothy , Cuzick Jack , Gilmore Ian , Hawkey Christopher , Jairath Vipul , Javaid Kiran , Kayani Aasia , Mutti Muttiullah , Nadeem Muhammad Arif , Shakur-Still Haleema , Stanworth Simon , Veitch Andrew , Roberts Ian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background:
Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is an important cause of mortality worldwide. Bleeding can occur from the upper or lower GI tract, with upper GI bleeding accounting for most cases. The main causes include peptic ulcer / erosive mucosal disease, oesophageal varices and malignancy. The case fatality rate is around 10% for upper GI bleeding and 3% for lower GI bleeding. Rebleeding affects 5-40% of patients and is associated with a four-fold increased risk of death. Tranexamic acid (TXA) decreases bleeding and the need for blood transfusion in surgery and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma and postpartum haemorrhage. It reduces bleeding by inhibiting the breakdown of fibrin clots by plasmin. Due to the methodological weaknesses and small size of the existing trials, the effectiveness and safety of TXA in GI bleeding is uncertain. The HALT-IT trial aims to provide reliable evidence about the effects of TXA in acute upper and lower GI bleeding.

Methods:
The HALT-IT trial is an international, randomised, double blind (participant and trial staff), placebo-controlled trial of tranexamic acid in 12,000 adults (increased from 8,000) with acute upper or lower GI bleeding. Eligible patients are randomly allocated to receive tranexamic acid (1g loading dose followed by 3g maintenance dose over 24 hours) or matching placebo. The main analysis will compare those randomised to tranexamic acid with those randomised to placebo on an intention-to-treat basis, presenting the results as effect estimates (relative and absolute risks) and confidence intervals. The primary outcome is death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation and secondary outcomes are rebleeding, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, thromboembolic events, complications, endoscopic, radiological and surgical interventions, blood transfusion requirements, disability (defined by a measure of patient’s self-care capacity) and number of days spent in intensive care or high dependency units. Subgroup analyses for the primary outcome will consider time to treatment, location of bleeding, cause of bleed and clinical Rockall score.

Discussion:
We present the statistical analysis of the HALT-IT trial. This plan was published before the treatment allocation was un-blinded.
Full Accuracy of Machine Learning for Differentiation between Optic Neuropathies and Pseudopapilledema
Authors: Ahn Jin Mo , Kim Sangsoo , Ahn Kwang-Sung , Cho Sung-Hoon , Kim Ungsoo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: This study is to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning for differentiation between optic neuropathies and pseudopapilledema (PPE).
Methods : Two hundred and ninety-five images of optic neuropathies, 295 images of PPE, and 779 control images were used. Pseudopapilledema was defined as follows: cases with elevated optic nerve head and blurred disc margin, with normal visual acuity (>0.8 Snellen visual acuity), visual field, color vision, and pupillary reflex. The optic neuropathy group included cases of ischemic optic neuropathy (177), optic neuritis (48), diabetic optic neuropathy (17), papilledema (22), and retinal disorders (31). We compared four machine learning classifiers (our model, GoogleNet Inception v3, 19-layer Very Deep Convolution Network from Visual Geometry group (VGG), and 50-layer Deep Residual Learning (ResNet)). Accuracy and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were analyzed
Results: The accuracy of machine learning classifiers ranged from 95.89% to 98.63% (our model: 95.89%, Inception V3: 96.45%, ResNet: 98.63%, and VGG: 96.80%). A high AUROC score was noted in both ResNet and VGG (0.999).
Conclusions: Machine learning techniques can be combined with fundus photography as an effective approach to distinguish between PPE and elevated optic disc associated with optic neuropathies.
Autophagy protects against retinal cell death in mouse model of cytomegalovirus retinitis
Authors: Mo Juan , Atherton Sally S , Wang Liya , Liu Susu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Extensive death of uninfected bystander neuronal cells is an important component of the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV). Our previous results have shown that there is a functional relationship between autophagy and apoptosis during MCMV infection of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The purpose of this study was to determine whether autophagy plays a significant role in the death of retinal cells during MCMV retinitis.
Methods: The retinas of adult BALB/c mice were infected with MCMV via supraciliary injection. Rapamycin was injected to MCMV-infected BALB/c mice intraperitoneally. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to observe the spread pattern of virus in retinas and the levels of targeted proteins. Plaque assay was performed to determine the virus titer in different groups. Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/flox mice were genotyped and infected with MCMV. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the type of virus-infected cells and apoptosis in retinas during MCMV retinitis.
Results: In MCMV mouse model, MCMV infection in our nuclear layer (ONL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in the retinas caused cleaved caspase 3 positive apoptosis, which is not co-localized with early antigen (EA) positive virus infected cells in rapamycin treated group. Rapamycin treatment increased the levels of LC3B-II by inhibiting mTOR and decreased the levels of cleaved caspase-3 during MCMV retinitis. However, virus propagation was not affected by rapamycin. In Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/flox mice, RPE and glial cells were the main targets of viral infection, and number of EA positive retinal cells and TUNEL positive retinal cells was significantly increased compared to Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/+ mice though there was no difference of virus propagation between Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/flox mice and Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/+ mice.
Conclusions: Autophagy protects retinal cells from MCMV infection induced apoptosis through mTOR-mediated signaling pathway.