bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-dimensional sliding assists σ70-dependent promoter binding by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase
Authors: Heller Iddo , Marchetti Margherita , Mazumder Abhishek , Chakraborty Anirban , Malinowska Agata M. , Roos Wouter H. , Ebright Richard H. , Peterman Erwin J.G. , Wuite Gijs J.L. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe search for a promoter on DNA by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is an obligatory first step in transcription. The role of facilitated diffusion during promoter search has been controversial. Here, we re-assessed facilitated diffusion in promoter search by imaging motions of single molecules of Escherichia coli RNAP σ70 holoenzyme on single DNA molecules suspended between optical traps in a manner that absolutely avoided interactions with surfaces. The assay enabled us to observe unambiguous one-dimensional sliding of RNAP σ70 holoenzyme for thousands of DNA base pairs during promoter search. Analysis of binding kinetics revealed short binding events on nonspecific DNA (0.4 s), intermediate binding events on A/T-rich DNA (1.6 s), and long binding events at or near promoters (>300 s). We estimate a lower bound for the “diffusion facilitation threshold” – the RNAP concentration at which three-dimensional search and one-dimensional sliding contribute equally to promoter binding – of 0.2 μM RNAP. The results suggest facilitated diffusion occurs in promoter search by RNAP, even at the relatively high, 0.2-0.6 μM, concentrations of RNAP in cells.Significance statementThe flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA is of central importance to living systems, and it can only start after an RNA polymerase (RNAP) has found a promoter site. But how does this enzyme find promoter sites on DNA in the first place? In recent years, debate on this topic has favored a promoter search mechanism that is dominated by three-dimensional diffusion of RNAP, rather than by one-dimensional sliding of RNAP on DNA. Here, we designed an improved single-molecule assay that unambiguously revealed extensive one-dimensional sliding of RNAP on DNA. Our results imply that, at the RNAP concentrations in living cells, the promoter-search process is facilitated by one-dimensional sliding on DNA.
Prediction of Neurocognitive Profiles in Youth From Resting State fMRI
Authors: Sripada Chandra , Rutherford Saige , Angstadt Mike , Thompson Wesley K. , Luciana Monica , Weigard Alex , Hyde Luke , Heitzeg Mary 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDifficulties with higher-order cognitive functions in youth are a potentially important vulnerability factor for the emergence of problematic behaviors and a range of psychopathologies. This study examined 2,013 9-10 year olds in the first data release from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development 21-site consortium study in order to identify resting state functional connectivity patterns that predict individual-differences in three domains of higher-order cognitive functions: General Ability, Speed/Flexibility, and Learning/Memory. We found that connectivity patterns involving task control networks and default mode network were prominently implicated in predicting individual differences across participants across all three domains. In addition, for General Ability scores specifically, we observed consistent cross-site generalizability, with statistically significant predictions in 14 out of 15 held-out sites. These findings demonstrate that resting state connectivity can be leveraged to produce generalizable markers of neurocognitive functioning. Additionally, they highlight the importance of task control-default mode network inter-connections as a major locus of individual differences in cognitive functioning in early adolescence.
Exploring the role of Polycomb recruitment in Xist-mediated silencing of the X chromosome in ES cells
Authors: Bousard Aurélie , Raposo Ana Cláudia , Żylicz Jan Jakub , Picard Christel , Pires Vanessa Borges , Qi Yanyan , Syx Laurène , Chang Howard Y. , Heard Edith , Rocha Simão Teixeira da 
Published: December 2018

AbstractXist RNA has been established as the master regulator of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female eutherian mammals but its mechanism of action remains unclear. By creating novel Xist mutants at the endogenous locus in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, we dissect the role of the conserved A-B-C-F repeats. We find that transcriptional silencing can be largely uncoupled from Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1/2) recruitment, which requires repeats B and C. Xist ΔB+C RNA specifically loses interaction with PCGF3/5 subunits of PRC1, while binding of other Xist partners is largely unaffected. However, a slight relaxation of transcriptional silencing in Xist ΔB+C indicates a role for PRC1/2 proteins in early stabilization of gene repression. Distinct modules within the Xist RNA are therefore involved in the convergence of independent chromatin modification and gene repression pathways. In this context, Polycomb recruitment seems to be of moderate relevance in the initiation of silencing.
Examining healthcare systems: a market analysis for Kenya
Authors: Davis Elise Catherine , Menser Terri , Cerda Juarez Alondra , Tomaszewski Lesley E. , Kash Bita A. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a literature review of the health workforce, hospital and clinic systems, infrastructure, primary care, regulatory climate, the pharmaceutical industry and community health behavior of the Kenyan health-care system with the purpose of providing a thorough background on the health-care environment in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review was conducted using Pub Med, searching for “Kenya” in the title of articles published from January 1, 2015 to February 24, 2016; this provided a broad overview of the type of research being conducted in Kenya. Other data provided by governmental agencies and non-governmental agencies was also reviewed to describe the current state of population health in Kenya.

Findings
An initial review of 615 Pubmed articles included 455 relevant articles. A complete review of these studies was conducted, resulting in a final sample of 389 articles. These articles were categorized into three main subject areas with 14 secondary subject areas (Figure 1).

Research limitations/implications
The narrow scope of the search parameters set for the systematic review was a necessary limitation to focus on the most relevant literature. The findings of this study provide a thorough background on health care in Kenya to researchers and practitioners.

Originality/value
This compilation of data specific to Kenya provides a detailed summary of both the country’s health-care services and health status, focusing on potential means of realizing increased quality and length of life.
Modified sewer asset management to accommodate London’s future sustainable development
Authors: Tade Oluwagbenga , O’Neill Siobhan , Smith Kenneth G. , Williams Tracey , Ali Amer , Bayyati Ali , See Hwee 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper is about best practice in managing legacy drainage assets to support sustainable urban regeneration. The purpose of this paper is to describe best practice sewer asset management (AM) and to adjust the current reactive maintenance approach for sewers, to one that accommodates long-term operational and town planning needs. The development of an improved sewer deterioration model (DM) provided an important tool for this.

Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts a mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyse a total network length of 24,252 km which represents 703,156 records of historic sewer structural condition inspection data. This was used to build an improved DM. These models were used as inputs into a proactive AM approach that improves upon recommendations in the Sewerage Rehabilitation Manual developed by Water Research Centre.

Findings
This is a paradigm shift and goes beyond the current culture of OFWAT (Water Services Regulation Authority) supervision, five-year asset management period and occasional environmental penalties. A new legislative model may be needed; especially because a report by UKWIR (Water Industry Research) in 2015 identified that nationally the rate of sewer network deterioration is outpacing available investment and significant health problems may arise in addition to those from developmental pressures.

Research limitations/implications
The authors have researched and managed old sewer networks and present a review of the new issues raised by intensive development, particularly for the London region, but applicable elsewhere, and how these must lead to a modified risk, and novel incentive-based approach to AM, if the system is not to fail.

Originality/value
Large, legacy databases of several decades of sewer network performance records have been combined and analysed as stratified, heterogeneous sets with Gaussian distributions; thereby improving on previous assumptions of homogeneous data. The resulting rigorous DMs are the foundation of new approaches to sustainable risk management of large urban networks.
Linear stability analysis of double-layered porous journal bearings under coupled-stress lubrication with slip flow and percolation effect of additives
Authors: Some Shitendu , Guha Sisir Kumar 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
In the application of hydrostatic double-layered porous journal bearings, instability of bearing systems is a major problem. On the other hand, the use of non-Newtonian fluid as a lubricant is more practical in the present days. Furthermore, in case of porous bearing, neglecting slip effect and percolation effect of additives into the pores may lead to erroneous result. Hence, this paper aims to present the linear stability analysis of finite hydrostatic double-layered porous journal bearings lubricated with coupled-stress lubricant with tangential velocity slip and percolation effect.

Design/methodology/approach
First, considering the tangential velocity slip, the most general modified Reynolds-type equation has been derived for the film region and the governing equations for flow in the coarse and fine layers of porous medium incorporating the percolation effect. A linearized first-order perturbation method has been applied to obtain the threshold of stability in terms of critical mass parameter. The effect of various parameters on the stability is investigated and represented in the form of graphs. Furthermore, a comparison between the stability of double- and single-layered porous journal bearings has been exhibited.

Findings
In this paper, threshold of stability has been obtained in terms of critical mass parameter. The effect of slip coefficient, percolation factor, coupled-stress parameter, eccentricity ratio and bearing feeding parameter on the stability has been found.

Originality/value
There is no literature available so far that addresses the analysis of the linear stability of externally pressurized double-layered porous journal bearings with slip flow, including the percolation effect under coupled-stress lubrication. But in this paper, all these points are included which made this paper valuable in design purpose.
Modeling and analysis of FMS performance variables by fuzzy TISM
Authors: Jain Vineet , Soni Vimlesh Kumar 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the flexible manufacturing system performance variables and analyze the interactions among these variables. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) has been reported for this but no study has been done regarding the interaction of its variables. Therefore, fuzzy TISM (total ISM) has been applied to deduce the relationship and interactions between the variables and driving and dependence power of these variables are examined by fuzzy MICMAC.Design/methodology/approachFuzzy TISM and fuzzy MICMAC analysis have been applied to deduce the relationship and interactions among the variables and driving and dependence power of these variables are examined by fuzzy MICMAC.FindingsIn total, 15 variables have been identified from the extensive literature review. The result showed that automation, use of automated material handling, an effect of tool life and rework percentage have high driving power and weak dependence power in the fuzzy TISM model and fuzzy MICMAC analysis. These are also at the lowest level in the hierarchy in the fuzzy TISM model.Originality/valueFuzzy TISM model has been suggested for manufacturing industries with fuzzy MICMAC analysis. This proposed approach is a novel attempt to integrate TISM approach with the fuzzy sets. The integration of TISM with fuzzy sets provides flexibility to decision-makers to further understand the level of influences of one criterion over another, which was earlier present only in the form of binary (0, 1) numbers; 0 represents no influence and 1 represents influence.
Offender interviews: implications for intelligence-led policing
Authors: Summers Lucia , Rossmo D. Kim 
Published: December 2018

PurposeIntelligence-led policing (ILP) involves the analysis of data to inform the development and implementation of strategic actions aimed at more efficiently reducing crime. The purpose of this paper is to examine how chronic acquisitive offenders – a focus of ILP – respond to police patrol, and how this knowledge can be turned into actionable strategies to reduce crime.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with 137 chronic offenders who had multiple convictions for burglary, robbery and/or vehicle crime. The interviews involved the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data, including responses to situational crime vignettes.FindingsWhen encountering police patrols, criminals were initially more likely to displace (e.g. committing crime elsewhere and/or later in the day) than to desist from offending. Some of the conditions under which police patrol was most effective were identified, including offenders’ fear of being recognized by officers. Repeated thwarted crime attempts appeared to be most impactful, with even the most chronic offenders becoming “worn down.”Practical implicationsThe profiles of top offenders should be systematically disseminated to front line officers to augment the effectiveness of police patrol and minimize the possibility of crime displacement.Originality/valueOffender interviews are a valuable source of information but they have been underutilized within an ILP framework. This research illustrates how offender interview research can inform and support the role of police in preventing crime.
Toward understanding short‐selling activity: demand and supply
Authors: Cheung Adrian W. K. , Kot Hung Wan , Lam Eric F. Y. , Leung Harry K. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the demand and supply sides of short‐selling activity in the US from 2003 to 2015. We construct four types of demand‐side variables from fundamentals, and three types of supply‐side variables from institutional ownership (IO) and stock loan data. The supply‐side variables play a more important role in determining short selling than the demand‐side variables. The IO of quasi‐indexer type is the most important supply‐side variable, while the arbitrage and hedging with options market is the most important demand‐side variable. Finally, a portfolio sorting approach confirms the same results.
Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles
Authors: Ranger Christopher M. , Schultz Peter B. , Frank Steven D. , Reding Michael E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A broad host range and the utilization of living but weakened trees contribute, in part, to the invasion success of ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The present study assessed the capability of freeze stress to induce attacks by ambrosia beetles.
Freeze stress predisposed Cercis canadensis L., Cornus florida L., Malus pumila Mill. and Styrax japonicus Sieb. to attack under field conditions, although no attacks occurred on untreated trees. More attacks occurred on freeze‐stressed versus flood‐stressed M. pumila in Virginia but not for S. japonicus in Ohio. Attacks on flooded trees were skewed towards the base of the trunk, whereas attacks on freeze‐stressed trees mainly occurred around the upper regions of the trunk and into the branches. The predominant species recovered were Anisandrus maiche Stark and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) in Ohio, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) in Virginia.
Ethanol emissions from trunks of S. japonicus were detected by solid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry at 1 day after imposing freeze stress, peaking 4 days after injury.
Trees with an intolerance of freeze stress are predicted to be vulnerable to attack, especially when subjected to mild winter temperatures followed by late‐spring freezes. Freeze stress could thereby facilitate the destructiveness of exotic ambrosia beetles.
Useful technique for draining a large cystic tumor through the round ligament in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy
Authors: Monden Kazuteru , Sadamori Hiroshi , Hioki Masayoshi , Ohno Satoshi , Sasaki Kyo , Saneto Hiromi , Ueki Toru , Yabushita Kazuhisa , Sakaguchi Kousaku , Takakura Norihisa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionSome cystic liver tumors are huge when the diagnosis is made or surgery is needed. Although reducing tumor size by preoperative aspiration or drainage of the contents of the cystic tumor is helpful for liver resection, such procedures have a risk of tumor dissemination.Materials and Surgical TechniqueAfter the round ligament was dissected, a 12‐Fr drainage catheter was inserted into the tumor via the round ligament under ultrasonography. At that time, close attention was paid to avoid having the catheter deviate outside the round ligament. Through the inserted catheter, fluid was drained from the cystic lesion, and the stump of the round ligament was clipped to avoid fluid leakage. The left Glissonian pedicle was then taped. Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy was performed under a good operative field because of tumor shrinkage.DiscussionThree cases underwent these procedures without any spillage of the contents of the cystic tumor. This method is useful for the reduction of tumor size and has a low risk of intra‐abdominal leakage of the contents, resulting in a secure and good operative field.
Recipient working status is independently associated with outcomes in heart and lung transplantation
Authors: Rudasill Sarah E. , Iyengar Amit , Kwon Oh Jin , Sanaiha Yas , Dobaria Vishal , Benharash Peyman 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmployment status may capture elements of patients’ physical strength, mental resilience, and socioeconomic status to better prognosticate transplant outcomes. This study characterized the effect of working status on thoracic transplant outcomes by evaluating the United Network for Organ Sharing registry for adult lung or heart transplants from 2005 to 2016. Kaplan‐Meier estimates illustrated 5‐year and 10‐year survival by working status at transplant, while multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions controlled for baseline differences, including functional and socioeconomic status. Of 17 778 lung transplant recipients, 1700 (9.6%) worked at transplant and experienced significantly lower 5‐year mortality than nonworking recipients (38.6% vs 45.5%, P < 0.001). Of 21 394 heart transplant recipients, 1289 (6.0%) were employed and experienced significantly lower 10‐year mortality than nonworking recipients (34.1% vs 40.2%, P < 0.001). Adjusted Cox regressions demonstrated that employment significantly reduced mortality independent of functional status for both lung (HR: 0.86 [0.78‐0.95], P = 0.003) and heart (HR: 0.84 [0.72‐0.97], P = 0.023) recipients. After accounting for insurance status, the effect of working status persisted only in lung transplantation (HR: 0.89 [0.81‐0.98], P = 0.023). Since heart and lung transplant candidates employed at transplant face lower long‐term mortality, working status must encompass a broad set of physical, psychological, and socioeconomic variables that may prognosticate post‐transplant outcomes.
Affordances of Item Formats and Their Effects on Test‐Taker Cognition under Uncertainty
Authors: Moon Jung Aa , Keehner Madeleine , Katz Irvin R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe current study investigated how item formats and their inherent affordances influence test‐takers’ cognition under uncertainty. Adult participants solved content‐equivalent math items in multiple‐selection multiple‐choice and four alternative grid formats. The results indicated that participants’ affirmative response tendency (i.e., judge the given information as True) was affected by the presence of a grid, type of grid options, and their visual layouts. The item formats further affected the test scores obtained from the alternatives keyed True and the alternatives keyed False, and their psychometric properties. The current results suggest that the affordances rendered by item design can lead to markedly different test‐taker behaviors and can potentially influence test outcomes. They emphasize that a better understanding of the cognitive implications of item formats could potentially facilitate item design decisions for large‐scale educational assessments.
Naturalized distributions show that climatic disequilibrium is structured by niche size in pines (PinusL.)
Authors: Perret Daniel L. , Leslie Andrew B. , Sax Dov F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe assumption that the native distributions of species are in equilibrium with climate has been shown to be frequently violated, despite its centrality to many niche model applications. We currently lack a framework that predicts these violations. Here, we examine whether variation in climatic disequilibrium is structured by properties of species’ native distributions and climatic niches.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe built climatic niche models for 106 pine (PinusL.) species, including 25 that have naturalized outside their native range. We measured the extent of climate space occupied exclusively by naturalized populations and considered what fraction of this space was available within the native continent and near the native range. We examined the consequences of disequilibrium for estimates of potential range filling and sister species niche conservatism.ResultsMost species (23 of 25) have naturalized in climate conditions outside the native niche, leading to increases in the total known suitable climate space. Increases in niche size were negatively related to native niche size. Increases were often large; one species expanded its niche by almost 10% of the global climate space. These increases were associated primarily with cooler, wetter and less seasonal climates. Increases in known niche size lowered potential range filling estimates within species’ native continent and ecoregion. Naturalized data did not strengthen support for niche conservatism among sister species.Main conclusionsAmong pines, climatic disequilibrium is the norm and not the exception. The magnitude of this disequilibrium can be vast, such that the native range greatly under‐represents the true climatic tolerances of some species. Fortunately, this disequilibrium can be predicted largely by the size of a species’ native niche. Accounting for this disequilibrium can improve our ability to characterize ecological phenomena, including potential range filling. This is an essential step towards improving the conservation value of ecological niche models.