bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Too Hot to Handle: A Meta‐Analytical Review of the Thermal Tolerance and Adaptive Capacity of North American Sturgeon
Authors: Dichiera Angelina M. , Earhart Madison L. , Bugg William S. , Brauner Colin J. , Schulte Patricia M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how ectotherms may fare with rising global temperatures and more frequent heatwaves is especially concerning for species already considered at‐risk, such as long‐lived, late‐maturing sturgeon. There have been concerted efforts to collect data on the movement behavior and thermal physiology of North American sturgeon to enhance conservation efforts; thus, we sought to synthesize these data to understand how sturgeon respond to thermal stress and what capacity they have to acclimate and adapt to warming. Here, we combined a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis, integrating field‐based observations (distribution and spawning) and laboratory‐based experiments (survival, activity, growth, metabolism, and upper thermal limits) for large‐scale insights to understand the vulnerability of North American sturgeon to rising global temperatures. We summarized the preferred thermal habitat and thermal limits of sturgeon in their natural environment and using meta‐analytical techniques, quantified the effect of prolonged temperature change on sturgeon whole‐animal physiology and acute upper thermal limits. While acclimation did not have significant effects on physiological rates or survival overall, there were positive trends of activity and metabolism in young‐of‐the‐year sturgeons, likely offset by negative trends of survival in early life. Notably, North American sturgeon have a greater capacity for thermal tolerance plasticity than other fishes, increasing upper thermal limits by 0.56°C per 1°C change in acclimation temperature. But with limited laboratory‐based studies, more research is needed to understand if this is a sturgeon trait, or perhaps that of basal fishes in general. Importantly, with these data gaps, the fate of sturgeon remains uncertain as climate change intensifies, and physiological impacts across life stages likely limit ecological success.
Soil pH Determines Nitrogen Effects on Methane Emissions From Rice Paddies
Authors: Tang Junqi , Qian Haoyu , Zhu Xiangcheng , Liu Zhuoshu , Kuzyakov Yakov , Zou Jianwen , Wang Jinyang , Xu Qiang , Li Ganghua , Liu Zhenghui , Wang Songhan , Zhang Weijian , Zhang Jun , Huang Shan , Ding Yanfeng , van Groenigen Kees Jan , Jiang Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRice paddies account for approximately 9% of human‐induced methane (CH4) emissions. Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects CH4 emissions from paddy soils through several mechanisms, leading to conflicting results in field experiments. The primary drivers of these N‐related effects remain unclear and the contribution of N fertilization to CH4 emissions from the rice paddies has not yet been quantified for global area. This uncertainty contributes to significant challenges in projecting global CH4 emissions and hinders the development of effective local mitigation strategies. Here, we show through a meta‐analysis and experiments that the impact of N fertilization on CH4 emissions from rice paddies can be largely predicted by soil pH. Specifically, N fertilization stimulates CH4 emissions most strongly in acidic soils by accelerating organic matter decomposition and increasing the activities of methanogens. Accounting for the interactions between soil pH and N fertilization, we estimate that N fertilization has raised current area‐scaled and yield‐scaled CH4 emissions across the total global paddy area by 52% and 8.2%, respectively. Our results emphasize the importance of alleviating soil acidification and sound N management practices to mitigate global warming.
UKHCDO gene therapy taskforce: Guidance for implementation of haemophilia gene therapy into routine clinical practice for adults
Authors: Chowdary Pratima , Duran Beatriz , Batty Paul , Lowe Gillian , Jones April , Pollard Debra , Boyce Sara , Motwani Jayashree , Amirloo Bahareh , Musgrave Kathryn , Hopper David , Classey Stephen , Whitaker Sarah , Dunn Nicola , Bowyer Annette , Shapiro Susan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroduction2022 was a landmark year with two adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAVs) receiving conditional marketing authorization from EMA for the treatment of persons with severe haemophilia A and severe to moderately severe haemophilia B and a third in 2024. Gene therapy is a transformative, irreversible treatment with long‐lasting effects, necessitating development of new clinical pathways to ensure optimal outcomes.AimTo develop a consensus framework and service specification for delivery of AAV gene therapy for haemophilia in adults within the UK using the hub‐and‐spoke model proposed by the European Association of Haemophilia and Allied Disorders and the European Haemophilia Consortium.MethodsThe UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors Organisation (UKHCDO) set up a working party to develop expert consensus guidance, working with NHS England to ensure alignment with NHS England commissioning and the national service specification.ResultsThese guidelines detail the patient pathway, counselling and governance requirements for the hub‐and‐spoke model. The national service specification requires the hub site to manage governance for AAV‐based gene therapy. Proposed regional and national multidisciplinary teams will harmonize clinical practices incorporating expertise from various specialities and professional groups. Key requirements identified include standardized documentation and multidisciplinary collaboration. Nationally agreed patient information and counselling checklists will streamline the informed consent process and facilitate data collection for long‐term safety and efficacy monitoring.ConclusionThese guidelines provide a structured framework for the delivery of liver‐directed gene therapy. Whilst specific to the United Kingdom they provide a framework for the implementation of gene therapy in other countries for haemophilia and other monogenic disorders.
‘The Letter Says I May or May Not Be Eligible… It Is a Big Doubt and Frustrating:’ A Qualitative Study on Barriers and Facilitators to Children's Oral Healthcare From the Perspective of Karen Refugee Parents in Victoria
Authors: Balla Sudheer Babu , Tadakamadla Jyothi , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAustralia has a longstanding tradition of resettling refugees and individuals in humanitarian need. Among these, the Karen community from Southeast Asia is rapidly growing in Australia. The absence of data on the barriers they face in accessing dental services is concerning. This study explores the barriers and facilitators Karen refugees encounter when seeking oral healthcare for their children in Australia, aiming to understand their experiences.MethodsUsing a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 23 parents (17 females and 6 males) who had been in Australia for 1–17 years. Each interview, lasting between 35 and 60 min, was audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were thematically analysed through an inductive, data‐driven approach, focusing on open coding and participant‐based meanings.FindingsNine main themes were identified. At the individual level, cultural practices, parental behaviours and perceptions were the primary barriers. At the organisational level, long waiting lists in the public dental system were significant barriers. Additionally, a lack of knowledge about financial benefits and government support for children's dental care deterred refugees from seeking dental services. The results also highlighted the strengths of support networks, free dental care for children and school‐based dental care programmes. Parents reported experiences of inadequate oral healthcare, citing issues such as insufficient cultural sensitivity training among dental service providers, interpreter problems and shortages. These experiences revealed gaps in the provision of oral healthcare services.ConclusionWhen designing tailored oral health promotion programs, all stakeholders must consider the lived experiences of refugees as valuable sources of information.Patient or Public ContributionThe authors thank the parents and carers from the Karen refugee community for sharing their experiences with the oral healthcare of their children. Recruitment was facilitated by the Karen Organisation of Bendigo and Bendigo Community Health Services. An interpreter from the Karen refugee community assisted in all the interviews.
Diagnostic features in paediatric MDS‐EB with UBTF‐internal tandem duplication: defining a unique subgroup
Authors: Schwarz‐Furlan Stephan , Gengler Carole , Yoshimi‐Noellke Ayami , Piontek Guido , Schneider‐Kimoto Yuki , Schmugge Markus , Thiede Christian , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Erlacher Miriam , Rudelius Martina 
Published: November 2024

AimTandem‐duplications of the UBTF gene (UBTF‐TDs) have recently been identified as a new genetic driver in young individuals with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Disease in these newly defined subgroups is characterized by poor response to standard intensive chemotherapy and inferior survival of the affected patients. However, a thorough analysis of bone marrow histomorphology of UBTF‐mutated neoplasia has not been undertaken thus far.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective study, we investigated the characteristic histopathological features of a cohort comprising 14 paediatric MDS patients with an excess of blasts (MDS‐EB) and UBTF‐TD. Bone marrow biopsies from these patients revealed hypercellularity and severe dysplasia across all three haematopoietic lineages. In particular, a marked hyperplastic megakaryopoiesis characterized by the presence of frequent micromegakaryocytes and a high number of monolobulated cells forming small clusters was observed. Additionally, erythropoiesis was left‐shifted, with numerous blastoid precursors. The granulopoietic precursors displayed prominent UBTF‐positive nucleoli.ConclusionThe unique combination of these histomorphological features strongly suggests a possible UBTF aberration. It will allow initiating the appropriate genetic testing to confirm the presence of UBTF‐TD and identify potential additional genetic alterations. Such molecular profiling will not only contribute to a better understanding of the disease mechanism, but also facilitate more rational treatment approaches for these high‐risk paediatric MDS patients.
Getting to the Point: Examining Associations Between Adult Interactional Strategies and Infant Gestures
Authors: Romano Mollie , Lloyd Blair P. , Lucca Kelsey , Eugenio Johanna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe developmental importance of infant gesture use is well established, yet few investigations examine what adults can do to facilitate infant gestures. We used an event lag with pauses sequential analysis to generate an index of association between each adult interactional strategy and deictic infant gesture during ten‐minute play interactions with 27 typically developing infants (11–25 months) and trained interventionists. We ran correlations to examine potential relationships between the sequential associations, child age, and language scores. Results indicated modeling gestures with a short phrase increased the momentary likelihood of infant gestures overall and points specifically, whereas modeling short phrases without gestures decreased the momentary likelihood of any infant gesture.
Impact of high‐temperature sintering on SiO2−LiO2−Al2O3−K2O−P2O5${\rm SiO}_2{-}{\rm LiO}_2{-}{\rm Al}_2{\rm O}_3{-}{\rm K}_2{\rm O}{-}{\rm P}_2{\rm O}_5$ glass ceramics with ZrO2${\rm ZrO}_2$ and Y2O3${\rm Y}_2{\rm O}_3$ additives
Authors: Kazi Gulsan Ara Sathi , Billah Areef , Takahashi Azusa , Tanno Ko , Hayama Natsuko , Ahmmad Bashir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe influence of multi‐step sintering at high temperatures was used to meticulously characterize the crystallization, mechanical, and optical properties of a glass system with the addition of and . The research began with a novel base glass composition of 3.8 wt% , 4.2 wt% , 4.5 wt% , 35 wt% , and 2.5 wt% , to which 47 wt% and 3 wt% added. The initial glass powder was sintered in two steps at low temperatures. Either 500 for 10 min or 500 for 10 min then a raise to 650 for 20 min was used in the first step. Then, the second step of sintering was done at 850. Finally, after the pellet preparation, final calcination was conducted at 1450. The resulting microstructure was a composite material with various grain components embedded within a glass matrix. The low first sintering temperature triggered the optimum crystal growth, and after the final calcination process, a new glass‐ceramic named – was synthesized. The synthesized ceramics demonstrated strong diametral tensile strength and excellent Vickers micro‐hardness values, a remarkable refractive index, and optical band gaps larger than 3.1 eV. Consequently, the process of multi‐step sintering at high temperatures clenches the impending manufacture of a novel composite ceramic having remarkable hardness and good optical properties that encourage several biological, technological, and industrial applications.
Eye Movement Modelling Examples as Cues to Guide Attention and Improve Learning in Short or Long Animations
Authors: Wang Fuxing , Leng Xiaoxue , Kuang Ziyi , Zhao Tingting 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBoth eye movement modelling examples (EMMEs) and cues guide attention and improve learning in multimedia learning environments. EMME can act as a special form of cue. However, no studies have directly examined whether EMME would be superior to visual cues.ObjectiveThe study was to investigate whether there were advantages of EMME over cues on visual attention, learning outcomes and subjective perception in a multimedia environment.MethodIn Experiment 1, 67 college students were randomly assigned to the EMME group, cue group and control group and learned from animations explaining the synaptic transmission. In Experiment 2, we replicated Experiment 1 using longer learning material. Seventy‐one college students were randomly assigned to three groups (EMME, cue and control) and learned from animations explaining the process of cell division.Results and ConclusionsIn Experiment 1, results indicated both EMMEs and cues guide attention and facilitate learning. Regarding learning outcomes and subjective perception, learners did not benefit more from EMMEs than cues. Eye movement indicators showed that EMMEs were better than cues. In Experiment 2, results were consistent with Experiment 1.ImplicationsThis study is the first to compare EMMEs and cues. We found that EMMEs and cues were equivalent in producing effects on learning outcomes and subjective perception. EMMEs were superior to cues in guiding attention and conveying strategies, as indicated by eye movements. Both theoretical and practical implications could be drawn.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced pancreatic enzyme elevation in melanoma patients: Incidence, management and therapy—A multicentre analysis
Authors: Brandlmaier M. , Hoellwerth M. , Silly T. , Hoeller C. , Koch L. , Richtig E. , Binder K. , Lange‐Asschenfeldt B. , Barta M. , Schmid‐Simbeck M. , Froehlich F. , Dummer R. , Muigg L. , Hitzl W. , Koelblinger P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are considered standard‐of‐care in the systemic treatment of melanoma. However, management of certain ICI‐associated adverse events (AE) can be challenging. Incidence, course and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced pancreatic injury (ICIPI) are not well‐documented and specific diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are lacking. Current management includes serological monitoring of pancreatic enzymes, radiographic imaging and corticosteroid or further immunosuppressive treatment. Objectives: Based on previous data regarding adjuvant ICI treatment, we suspected that elevation of pancreatic enzymes may occur more frequently than reported while the clinical relevance of—particularly asymptomatic—ICIPI is still unclear.MethodsA collaboration of eight Austrian and Swiss dermato‐oncology centres was established to retrospectively analyse a large cohort of ICI‐treated patients regarding incidence and management of ICIPI. Additionally, a questionnaire‐based survey concerning ICIPI‐management was conducted.ResultsAmong 1516 melanoma patients receiving ICI therapy, 204 patients exhibited ≥CTCAE II° lipase elevation. Of these patients, 41 (20.1%) had symptoms suggestive of pancreatitis. Immunotherapy was interrupted or discontinued due to pancreatic AE in almost half of the patients. Systemic corticosteroids were administered in 103 patients (50.5%), with higher doses reported in symptomatic cases. Six per cent of asymptomatic patients had radiographically proven pancreatitis. Maximum lipase elevation was >5xULN in all of these patients.ConclusionRoutine lipase monitoring was conducted in all participating centres, although not recommended in respective guidelines. Elevation of serum lipase was observed more frequently than recently reported. Although radiographic findings indicating pancreatitis were rare in asymptomatic patients, ICI treatment was frequently paused or discontinued and systemic steroids were administered. To reduce the existing uncertainty in routine clinical practice reflected by our findings, we provide an algorithm to guide the monitoring and management of potential pancreatic adverse events. Lipase measurement should be limited to symptomatic patients and/or those with radiographic findings indicative of pancreatic injury.
Evaluating family‐centred care at BC Children's Hospital: Healthcare providers' perspectives
Authors: Kolar Tessa , Cook Courtney B. , Cooper Anthony , Blydt‐Hansen Tom , Connolly Mary B. , Boelman Cyrus , Chhina Harpreet , Datta Anita , Demos Michelle , Hildebrand Kyla J. , Selby Kathryn , Shen Ye , Wenderfer Scott E. ,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Elliott Alison M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFamily‐centred care (FCC) emphasizes a partnership approach to care between healthcare providers (HCPs), patients, and families. FCC provides significant benefits to both children and families; however, challenges exist in implementing FCC into practice. This study aimed to explore HCPs' FCC behaviours in multidisciplinary specialty clinics at a tertiary pediatric health care center in Canada.MethodsA demographic survey and the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers (MPOC‐SP) questionnaire was administered to HCPs in five specialty clinics: orthopaedics, neurology, multi‐organ transplant, immunology, and nephrology. Survey data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The association between possible predictor variables (ethnicity, gender, years in clinical practice) and MPOC‐SP scores were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post‐hoc Tukey's test. Differences in scores across professional disciplines were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by ANOVA. Items rated lower (1–4 out of 7 by >33% of participants) were identified as potential areas for improvement.ResultsHCPs (N = 77) from all five clinics rated the MPOC‐SP domain ‘Treating People Respectfully’ the highest (mean 6.00 ± 0.59) and ‘Providing General Information’ the lowest (mean 4.56 ± 1.27). HCPs with 5–10 years of experience had higher scores across all domains compared to HCPs with <5 years and >10 years of experience. There were no significant differences in scores based on ethnicity, gender, and professional discipline. Items rated lower (1–4 out of 7 by >33% of participants) involved providing general information and emotional support to families.ConclusionsProviding general information and emotional support to patients and families are areas for improvement for all specialty clinics surveyed. Given genetic counsellors (GCs) expertise in education and counselling, GC integration in these clinics is one way in which FCC can be improved. Our study also shows that years of work experience influences HCPs' capacity to provide FCC.
Multivariate Brain Tumor Detection in 3D‐MRI Images Using Optimised Segmentation and Unified Classification Model
Authors: Anitha V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAims and Objectives3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3D‐MRI) analysis of brain tumours is an important tool for gathering information needed for diagnosis and disease therapy planning. However, during the brain tumor segmentation process existing techniques have segmentation error while identifying tumor location and extended tumor regions due to improper extraction of initial contour points and overlapping tissue intensity distributions.MethodsHence a novel Duo‐step optimised Pyramidal SegNet has been proposed in which multiscale contrast convolutional attention module improve contrast and the tumor edge has been extracted based on location and tumor extension using Duo‐step darning needle optimisation that set initial contour points and pyramidal level set segmentation with ancillary Sobel edge operator extract the tumour region from all 2D MRI image slices without having overlapped tissue intensity distributions thereby effectively minimises segmentation error. Furthermore, during the classification of segmented tumor region based on its type, irregular planimetric volume and low interrater concordance of multivariate brain tumors reduce the detection rate due to neglecting the extraction of contextual and symmetric features. Hence 3D brain Unified NN has been proposed in which adaptive multi‐layer deep unified encoder module extract 3D contextual and symmetric features by measuring the difference from the observed region and contralateral region and the multivariate brain tumors are classified with boosted Sparse Categorical Cross entropy loss calculation to demonstrate high detection rate.Results and ConclusionThe results obtained for the BraTS2020 and Brain Tumor Detection 2020 data sets showed that the proposed model outperforms existing techniques with excellent precision of 97%, 97.5%, recall of 99%, 97.8%, and accuracy of 95.7%, 98.4%, respectively.