bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis signatures of the microbial profile in tissue from bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Fei , Liu Anwei , Lu Xin , Zhang Zhensheng , Xue Yongping , Xu Jinshan , Zeng Shuxiong , Xiong Qiao , Tan Haoyuan , He Xing , Xu Weidong , Sun Yinghao , Xu Chuanliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the microbial profiles in parenchyma tissues in bladder cancer.MethodsTissue samples of cancerous bladder mucosa were collected from patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (22 carcinoma tissues and 12 adjacent normal tissues). The V3‐V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified, followed by sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioinformatics analysis for microbial classification and functional assessment was performed to assess bladder microbiome diversity and variations.ResultsThe predominant phylum in both tissues was Proteobacteria. The cancerous tissues exhibited lower species richness and diversity. Beta diversity significantly differed between the cancerous and normal tissues. Lower relative abundances of the microbial genera Lactobacillus, Prevotella_9, as well as Ruminococcaceae were observed, whereas those of Cupriavidus spp., an unknown genus of family Brucellaceae, and Acinetobacter, Anoxybacillus, Escherichia‐Shigella, Geobacillus, Pelomonas, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas were higher in the cancerous tissues. These findings indicate that these genera may be potentially utilized as biomarkers for bladder cancer. PICRUSt analysis revealed that several pathways involved in the metabolism of harmful chemical compounds were enriched in the cancer tissues, thereby providing evidence that environmental factors are strongly associated with bladder cancer etiology.ConclusionThis is the first study that has described and analyzed the dysbiotic motifs of urinary microbiota in the parenchymatous tissues of bladder cancer via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results suggest that changes in the bladder microbiome may serve as biomarkers for bladder cancer, possibly assisting in disease screening and monitoring.
Self‐Identified African Americans and prostate cancer risk: West African genetic ancestry is associated with prostate cancer diagnosis and with higher Gleason sum on biopsy
Authors: Grizzle William E. , Kittles Rick A. , Rais‐Bahrami Soroush , Shah Ebony , Adams George W. , DeGuenther Mark S. , Kolettis Peter N. , Nix Jeffrey W. , Bryant James E. , Chinsky Ravi , Kearns James E. , Dehimer Kerry , Terrin Norma , Chang Hong , Gaston Sandra M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConcerns about overtreatment of clinically indolent prostate cancer (PrCa) have led to recommendations that men who are diagnosed with low‐risk PrCa be managed by active surveillance (AS) rather than immediate definitive treatment. However the risk of underestimating the aggressiveness of a patient's PrCa can be a significant source of anxiety and a barrier to patient acceptance of AS. The uncertainty is particularly keen for African American (AA) men who are about 1.7 times more likely to be diagnosed with PrCa than European American (EA) men and about 2.4 times more likely to die of this disease. The AA population, as many other populations in the Americas, is genetically heterogeneous with varying degrees of admixture from West Africans (WAs), Europeans, and Native Americans (NAs). Recommendations for PrCa screening and management rarely consider potential differences in risk within the AA population. We compared WA genetic ancestry in AA men undergoing standard prostate biopsy who were diagnosed with no cancer, low‐grade PrCa (Gleason Sum 6), or higher grade PrCa (Gleason Sum 7‐10). We found that WA genetic ancestry was significantly higher in men who were diagnosed with PrCa on biopsy, compared to men who were cancer‐negative, and highest in men who were diagnosed with higher grade PrCa (Gleason Sum 7‐10). Incorporating WA ancestry into the guidelines for making decisions about when to obtain a biopsy and whether to choose AS may allow AA men to personalize their approach to PrCa screening and management.
Does transdermal fentanyl work in patients with low BMI? Patient‐reported outcomes of pain and percent pain relief in cancer patients on transdermal fentanyl
Authors: Moryl Natalie , Bokhari Ali , Griffo Yvona , Hadler Rachel , Koranteng Lauren , Filkins Alexandra , Zheng Tianyu , Horn Susan D. , Inturrisi Charles E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLow body mass index (BMI) is suspected of being associated with low transdermal fentanyl (TDF) blood levels and worse pain relief. Clinical pain data to support this claim are lacking.MethodsUsing a Chronic Pain Registry, we identified 901 cancer patients who received TDF at outpatient pain service clinics of our cancer center from 7/1/2011 to 12/1/2016. Of these, 240 patients had a BMI measure, pain intensity, and pain relief scores documented within 30 days of a TDF order. We examined associations between BMI, TDF dose, Worst and Least pain scores, and pain relief scores using standard statistical tests.ResultsIn cancer patients receiving TDF, low BMI (<18.5) was significantly associated with greater pain relief irrespective of TDF dose and borderline significantly associated with greater percent pain relief after controlling for age, cancer diagnoses, and pain etiology (P = .073), suggesting that low BMI may independently predict better pain relief in cancer patients. As there were no significant associations between BMI and TDF dose, we find no basis for BMI‐dependent dose modification or avoiding TDF in cachectic and low BMI patients.ConclusionsWhen predicting percent pain relief, we conclude that there is no basis for avoiding TDF or modifying its dose in cancer patients with low BMI and cachexia.
Use of bone‐modifying agents and clinical outcomes in older adults with multiple myeloma
Authors: Olszewski Adam J. , Barth Peter M. , Reagan John L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend bone‐modifying agents (BMAs) for all patients initiating treatment for myeloma. We examined adherence to this recommendation, and BMA effectiveness in the era of bortezomib/lenalidomide‐based therapy among Medicare beneficiaries.MethodsFrom the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare registry, we selected beneficiaries receiving anti‐myeloma chemotherapy in 2007‐2013. We matched BMA recipients (within 90 days of first chemotherapy) to nonrecipients using a propensity score, balancing patient‐, disease‐, and therapy‐related confounders. Cumulative incidence of skeletal‐related events (SREs) and overall survival (OS) was compared in proportional hazard models accounting for competing risks and immortal‐time bias.ResultsAmong 4611 patients with median age of 76 years, 51% received BMA. Bone‐modifying agents use remained steady over time (P = .87) and was significantly less frequent for patients who were older, with comorbidities, without prior SRE, and those treated without bortezomib or lenalidomide. In a propensity score‐matched cohort, BMA recipients experienced a lower incidence of SRE (11.0% vs 14.6% at 3 years; subhazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60‐0.89) and better OS (53.3% vs 47.8% at 3 years; hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.95). The results were consistent in the subgroup (76%) treated with bortezomib and/or immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). The incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) was 3.2% at 3 years.ConclusionsIn this observational study, the observed benefits of early BMA administration among patients treated with contemporary anti‐myeloma regimens were similar to historical clinical trials. Frequent omission of BMA highlights a remediable deficiency in the quality of supportive care, and suggests that timely administration may be a useful indicator of quality care in myeloma.
Prognostic impact of glioblastoma stem cell markers OLIG2 and CCND2
Authors: Bouchart Christelle , Trépant Anne‐Laure , Hein Matthieu , Van Gestel Dirk , Demetter Pieter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal malignant brain tumor in adults. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are implicated in this poor prognosis and in radio(chemo‐)resistance. We have previously demonstrated that among potentially highly specific GSC markers oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) appears to be the most specific and cyclin D2 (CCND2) the only one related to cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this work was to investigate the clinical significance and the evolution of OLIG2 and CCND2 protein expression in GBM.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical expression analysis of Olig2 and Ccnd2 was carried out on a cohort of human paired GBM samples comparing initial resections with local recurrent tumors after radiation therapy (RT) alone or radio‐chemotherapy with temozolomide (RT‐TMZ). Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors predicting early mortality (<12 months) are: subtotal surgery for recurrence, time to recurrence <6 months, Ccnd2 nuclear expression at initial surgery ≥30%, and Olig2 nuclear expression <30% at second surgery after RT alone and RT‐TMZ.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that patients for whom nuclear expression of Olig2 becomes low (<30%) after adjuvant treatments have a significantly shorter time to recurrence and survival reflecting most probably a proneural to mesenchymal transition of the GSCs population. We also highlighted the fact that at initial surgery, high nuclear expression (≥30%) of CCND2, a G1/S regulator specific of GSCs, has a prognostic value and is associated with early mortality (<12 months).
Failure of NIPT to detect constitutional chromoanasynthesis involving chromosome 21 in a case of fetal hydrops—A case report
Authors: Bone Kathleen , MacPherson Melissa Jean , Chernos Judy , Lauzon Julie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a case of a de novo ring 21 complex chromosomal rearrangement in a fetus presenting with hydrops. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) failed to detect the imbalance. This case highlights the need to understand the various limitations and strengths of NIPT technology when counseling patients.
Homozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion in a child with hypotonia and impaired vision: A new report and review of the literature
Authors: Simon Julie , Stoll Katie , Fick Roger , Mott Jared , Lawson‐Yuen Amy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough there are numerous reports of heterozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion, homozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion is rare. We report a new patient with homozygous microdeletion of 15q13.2q13.3 and review the previous literature reports. Common clinical features include encephalopathy, hypotonia, developmental delay, cortical vision impairment, optic nerve abnormality, epilepsy, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings.
Irradiation Direction‐Dependent Surface Charge Recombination in Hematite Thin‐Film Oxygen Evolution Photoanodes
Authors: Xie Guancai , Zhang Xiaoyue , Ouyang Xiao , Xin Qi , Guo Beidou , Gong Jian Ru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices, light irradiation direction changes photogenerated charge distribution and thus will affect the charge collection efficiency of the photoelectrodes. Herein, we studied the influence of irradiation direction on charge collection properties of α‐Fe2O3 photoanodes with different geometries, and demonstrated the controlled charge collection by modifying surface geometry. An irradiation direction‐dependent surface charge recombination was identified. In comparison with backside irradiation, frontside irradiation was found to be favorable to obtain high photocurrent because of the effective hole collection, except for the thick planar film due to its high surface recombination. This problem can be solved by patterning the planar film surface with nanonet geometry to promote surface charge transfer. As a result, the nanonet photoanode exhibited a higher photocurrent than the planar counterpart under frontside irradiation. Our finding provides useful guidance on designing high efficiency PEC devices.
Sustainable Gold Catalysis in Water Using Cyclodextrin‐tagged NHC‐Gold Complexes
Authors: Sak Hülya , Mawick Matthias , Krause Norbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of 10 water‐soluble β‐cyclodextrin‐tagged NHC‐gold(I) complexes is described. Key steps are nucleophilic substitutions, as well as, copper‐(CuAAC)‐ and ruthenium‐(RuAAC)‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloadditions. Whereas the CuAAC reliably affords 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles, the regioselectivity of the RuAAC depends on the structure of the coupling partners. Permethylated cyclodextrin‐tagged NHC‐gold(I) complexes are soluble both in water and in organic solvents. They show excellent catalytic activity and recyclability in cyclization reactions of functionalized allenes and alkynes in bulk water. The enantioselective cycloisomerization of γ‐ and δ‐hydroxyallenes could be achieved with up to 38 % ee. Thus, it is possible to take advantage of the chirality of the cyclodextrin moiety for enantioselective gold‐catalyzed transformations.
BRCA testing in unaffected young women in the United States, 2006‐2017
Authors: Guo Fangjian , Scholl Matthew , Fuchs Erika L. , Berenson Abbey B. , Kuo Yong‐Fang 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe discovery of the BRCA gene in the 1990s created an opportunity for individualized cancer prevention. BRCA testing in young women before cancer onset enables early detection of those with an increased cancer risk and creates an opportunity to offer lifesaving prophylactic procedures and medications. This study assessed trends in BRCA testing in women younger than 40 years without diagnosed breast or ovarian cancer (unaffected young women [UYW]) for cancer prevention between 2006 and 2017 in the United States.MethodsThis study included 93,278 adult women 18 to 65 years old with insurance claims for BRCA testing between 2006 and 2017 from the de‐identified Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database. The data contained medical claims and administrative information from privately insured individuals in the United States. The proportion of BRCA testing in UYW younger than 40 years among adult women aged 18 to 65 years who received BRCA testing was assessed.ResultsIn 2006, only 10.5% of the tests were performed in UYW. The proportion of BRCA tests performed in UYW increased significantly to 25.5% in 2017 (annual percentage change for the 2006‐2017 period, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 6.4‐7.3; P < .001). The increased trend in the proportion of BRCA tests in UYW significantly differed by region of residence and family history of breast or ovarian cancer.ConclusionsOver the past decade, there was increased use of BRCA testing for cancer prevention. Additional efforts are needed to maximize the early detection of women with BRCA pathogenic variants so that these cancers may be prevented.
The habenula as an evolutionary conserved link between basal ganglia, limbic, and sensory systems—A phylogenetic comparison based on anuran amphibians
Authors: Freudenmacher Lars , von Twickel Arndt , Walkowiak Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBased on anatomical and functional data, the habenula—a phylogenetically old brain structure present in all vertebrates—takes part in the integration of limbic, sensory, and basal ganglia information to guide effective response strategies appropriate to environmental conditions. In the present study, we investigated the connections of the habenular nuclei of the oriental fire‐bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, and compared them with published data from lampreys, chondrichthyes, teleosts, reptiles, birds, and mammals. During phylogenetic development, the primordial habenula circuitry underwent various evolutionary adaptations and in the tetrapod line, the circuit complexity increased. The habenula circuitry of anuran amphibians, decedents of the first land‐living tetrapods, seem to exhibit a mix of ancient as well as modern features. The anuran medial and lateral habenula homologs receive differential input from the septum, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, preoptic area, hypothalamus, rostral pallium, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Additional input arises from a border region in the ventral prethalamus, here discussed as a putative homolog of the entopeduncular nucleus of rodents. The habenular subnuclei also differentially innervate the interpeduncular nucleus, raphe nuclei, substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area homologs, superficial mamillary area, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, locus coeruleus, inferior and superior colliculus homologs, hypothalamus, preoptic area, septum, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, and main olfactory bulb. It seems likely that the main connectivity between the habenula and the basal ganglia, limbic, and sensory systems was already present in the common tetrapod ancestor.
A method for exploring word‐colour associations
Authors: Chen Yun , Yang Jie , Pan Qianqian , Vazirian Marjan , Westland Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStrong associations exist between colours and concepts or words. Understanding these associations, sometimes referred to as colour emotions, is important for effective use of colour in art and design. Traditionally the relationships have been systematically explored in experiments where participants scale colours according to bipolar adjectives such as warm‐cool. In this article, a method for exploring the relationships between words and colours is suggested and is demonstrated. A psychophysical experiment is described where participants select colours based on words. The data are used to show that many similarities between the word‐colour relationships for UK and Chinese participants although some interesting differences are also revealed. The method makes explicit the observation that there is not a one‐to‐one relationship between words and colours. The method could be used to explore word‐colour relationship for specific words and participant groups or could be used to generate ground‐truth data for testing methods for automatically generating the word‐colour relationships.
1,2,4‐Oxadiazole‐Bridged Polynitropyrazole Energetic Materials with Enhanced Thermal Stability and Low Sensitivity
Authors: Yan Tingou , Cheng Guangbin , Yang Hongwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA family of mono or di(1,2,4‐oxadiazole)‐bridged polynitropyrazole derivatives with C‐nitro/N‐nitro functionalities is reported. All compounds were fully characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 13C), elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solid‐state structure features were further investigated with X‐ray diffraction. Of these, compounds 3,5‐bis(3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole (3 a) and 5,5′‐bis(3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)‐3,3′‐bi(1,2,4‐oxadiazole) (3 b) possess high thermal stability (3 a: Tdec=274 °C; 3 b: Tdec=272 °C), sensitivity (IS >30 J, FS >360 N) and comparable detonation properties (3 a: Dv=8741 m s−1, P=34.0 GPa; 3 b: Dv=8685 m s−1, P=33.4 Gpa) to RDX. In addition, 3,5‐bis(4‐nitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole (4 a) and 5,5′‐bis(4‐nitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐3,3′‐bi(1,2,4‐oxadiazole) (4 b) have high decomposition temperature (4 a: Tdec=314 °C; 4 b: Tdec=317 °C), low sensitivity (IS >40 J; FS>360 N) and superior detonation performances (4 a: Dv=8027 m s−1, P=26.4 GPa; 4 b: Dv=7991 m s−1, P=25.2 Gpa) than conventional heat‐resistant explosive hexanitrostilbene (HNS: Tdec=318 °C; IS=5 J; FS=240 N; Dv=7612 m s−1, P=24.3 GPa), thus suggesting their potential application as heat‐resistant explosives.
Flow cytometric features of incidental indolent T lymphoblastic proliferations
Authors: Fromm Jonathan R. , Edlefsen Kerstin L. , Cherian Sindhu , Wood Brent L. , Soma Lori , Wu David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIndolent T lymphoblastic proliferations have been reported rarely in extramedullary and extrathymic tissues. Recent work has identified these indolent T lymphoblast populations to be mostly CD4+/CD8+ (characterized by immunohistochemistry), with only limited immunophenotypic evaluation of these populations by flow cytometry (FC). We retrospectively reviewed our institutional FC archives and identified 12 samples from 10 patients with incidental T lymphoblastic populations. Samples were characterized with respect to expression of T‐cell antigens, CD45, TdT, CD1a, and T/NK antigens, and light scatter properties. Overall, the proportion of T lymphoblasts was small (range 0.01–8.8% of white cells; mean, 1.7%). Histologic correlation showed scattered immature T lymphoblasts in samples without overt distortion of underlying architecture. T lymphoblasts were identified most frequently in association with Castleman disease (four) or tissues with Castleman features (four), marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (one), or tissue with reactive/atypical changes (three cases). Although three cases were composed predominantly of CD4+/CD8+ T cells, the majority of cases in our cohort (eight) included a major subset of CD4−/CD8− T lymphoblasts by FC (one case CD8+/CD4−), which has not been described previously. There was no evidence of subsequent progression to T lymphoblastic leukemia. Incidental, indolent T lymphoblastic proliferations may be detected by clinical FC. In contrast to reports, we find that these proliferations in clinical samples may contain not only CD4+/CD8+ immature T cells but also CD4−/CD8− immature T cells, expanding the immunophenotypic spectrum of this entity.
Identifying research priorities in eating disorders: A Delphi study building consensus across clinicians, researchers, consumers, and carers in Australia
Authors: Hart Laura M. , Wade Tracey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders are underrepresented among successful applications for medical research funding. Developing agreement on the top research priorities may assist in fostering collaborations, innovation, and meaningful consumer and carer involvement. This study aimed to develop consensus among Australian clinicians, researchers, consumers, carers, and interested members of affiliated industries, on the priorities for eating disorders research.MethodThe Delphi expert consensus method was used. Participants were 291 members of the Australia New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders (ANZAED) or the National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC). Three panels were formed based on participant expertise: “ED Specialists,” Consumers/Carers, and Affiliates. A total of 32 potential research areas (29 in Survey 1, 3 in Survey 2) were rated on a 5‐point scale of importance, with 80% agreement across all three panels required for endorsement as a priority. Participants also ranked 7 broad research domains in order of priority.ResultsResearch areas describing early intervention and evidence‐based treatments were the most highly rated, with more than 90% endorsement from each of the three panels. The research domains of accessible evidence‐based treatments, early intervention and detection, and origins of eating disorders, were the most highly ranked. The ED specialists and Consumers/Carers panels had very similar patterns of responding, while the Affiliates panel showed small differences.DiscussionUsing the Delphi expert consensus method resulted in a collaborative consensus driven eating disorders research agenda for the Australian context and forms a model upon which other countries may also develop their funding priorities.