bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser therapy for onychomycosis in patients with diabetes at risk for foot ulcers: a randomized, quadruple‐blind, sham‐controlled trial (LASER‐1)
Authors: Nijenhuis‐Rosien L. , Kleefstra N. , van Dijk P.R. , Wolfhagen M.J.H.M. , Groenier K.H. , Bilo H.J.G. , Landman G.W.D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with diabetes mellitus are at high risk for onychomycosis, which is related to the development of foot ulcers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the treatment of onychomycosis with local laser therapy.MethodsIn a single‐centre, randomized (1:1), quadruple‐blind, sham‐controlled trial, patients and microbiological confirmation with diabetes mellitus, at risk for developing diabetic foot ulcers (Sims classification score 1, 2) and a clinical suspicion on onychomycosis, were randomized to either four sessions neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd‐YAG) 1064 nm laser or sham treatment. The primary outcome was clinical and microbiological cure of onychomycosis after 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsFrom March 2015 to July 2016, 64 patients were randomized; 63 could be analysed. Trichophyton rubrum was the most detected pathogen. There was no difference in the primary outcome between laser and sham treatment. With the exception of a subungual haematoma in the fifth toenail occurring 2 weeks after laser treatment, the results suggested that treatment with Nd‐YAG 1064 nm laser is safe.ConclusionAt this moment, there is no evidence of any effect of laser treatment for onychomycosis in patients with diabetes at increased risk for foot ulcers, at least not within 1 year after treatment.
Development of a simple and rapid reverse transcription–loopmediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) assay for sensitive detection of tilapia lake virus
Authors: Yin Jiyuan , Wang Qing , Wang Yingying , Li Yingying , Zeng Weiwei , Wu Jiexing , Ren Yan , Tang Yafang , Gao Caixia , Hu Huzi , Bergmann Sven M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecently, substantial mortality of farmed and wild tilapia caused by tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection has been observed worldwide. However, sensitive and reliable diagnostic method is limited. A reverse transcription–loopmediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) assay has been applied for the detection of TiLV nucleotide sequence. Six primers targeting two locations on the target gene based on a highly conserved sequence in the segment 1 (S1) region of the TiLV genome have been designed. The optimized RT‐LAMP reaction was maintained at the isothermal condition of 63°C for 45 min. And the amplifications could be verified by turbidity or a colour change with the addition of SYBR Green I. Subsequently, RT‐LAMP products could be observed by a ladder pattern following gel electrophoresis. The species‐specific assay showed that the method was sensitive enough to detect as low as 1.6 copies of viral particle, and the assay was highly specific because no cross‐reactivity was observed with other pathogens, and had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% when TiLV‐positive samples and non‐target virus were tested. In summary, all the results demonstrate that this RT‐LAMP is a rapid, effective and sensitive method for TiLV detection in tilapia aquaculture.
Indications for a vertical transmission pathway of piscine myocarditis virus in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Bang Jensen Britt , Nylund Stian , Svendsen Julie Christine , Ski Paul‐Martin R. , Takle Harald 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLosses due to cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) keep increasing in salmon‐producing countries in the North‐Atlantic. Recently, Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) has been detected in post‐smolts shortly after sea‐transfer, indicating a possible carry‐over from the hatcheries. In addition, there are reports of prevalences of PMCV as high as 70%–90% in certain groups of broodfish, and a recent outbreak of CMS in the Faroe Islands has been linked to the importation of eggs from a CMS‐endemic area. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether PMCV can be transmitted vertically from infected broodstock to their progeny. In the present study, samples from eggs, larvae, fingerlings and presmolt originating from PMCV‐positive broodstock from two commercial Atlantic salmon producers were tested for PMCV. The prevalence of PMCV in the broodstock was 98% in the hearts, 69% in the roe and 59% in the milt. Piscine myocarditis virus was detected in all stages of the progeny until and including the 40 g stage. Piscine myocarditis virus was also detected in presmolt sampled for tissue tropism. This provides farmers with several options for minimizing the risk of transfer of PMCV from broodstock to progeny, including screening of broodstock and aiming to use only those that are negative for PMCV or have low levels of virus.
Lived Experience of Grieving of Thai Buddhist Husbands Who Had Lost Their Wives From Critical Illness
Authors: Kongsuwan Waraporn , Khaw Tusanee , Chaiweeradet Manee , Locsin Rozzano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo describe the meanings of the lived experiences of grieving of Thai Buddhist husbands who had lost their wives from critical illnesses.DesignHermeneutic phenomenological approach using van Manen's concepts. Seven husbands from southern Thailand who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study.MethodsIndividual in‐depth interviews were conducted and recorded on tape, while the interview data were transcribed and analyzed following van Manen's phenomenological approach. Trustworthiness was established using Lincoln and Guba's criteria.FindingsFive thematic categories described the meanings of the experiences, which were reflective of the four lived worlds of body, relation, space, and time. The lived world of body was “loss of thoughtful focus and energy,” the lived world of relation was characterized by “surrendering attachment with the deceased” and “attachment to the children,” the lived space reflected “social connection,” and lived time was “healing time.”ConclusionsThe grief experience did not seem to be complicated, and the hoped‐for experience was being healed through surrendering attachment with the deceased while maintaining attachment with children and social connection. The model of grieving may contribute to the knowledge of nursing care processes, specifically in palliative and end‐of‐life care, and other care processes for healthcare professionals.Clinical RelevanceHospital administrators can clearly support a bereavement service to provide a continuum of after‐death care for Buddhist males. Nurses and healthcare providers can develop a bereavement care process by valuing the religious principles integrating social interaction for male bereaved husbands.
Well It’s Only Fair: How Perceptions of Manager Discretion in Bonus Allocation Affect Intrinsic Motivation
Authors: Hewett Rebecca , Leroy Hannes 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPerceptions of manager discretion in incentive allocation are theoretically and practically important to help explain the much‐debated relationship between performance‐related bonuses and intrinsic motivation. We argue, and demonstrate, that perceived managerial discretion is a key moderator to this relationship because of its relevance to procedural fairness. In a first study, we developed a measure for perceived manager discretion and distinguished it from related concepts. In a second experiment, we found that higher bonuses associated with higher levels of perceived manager discretion enhanced procedural fairness but those based on lower discretion did not. In a third field study, we found that actual bonuses implemented by a service organization enhanced intrinsic motivation indirectly through procedural fairness, but only when employees perceived their bonus to be based on higher levels of perceived manager discretion. Conversely, when bonus level was associated with lower perceived manager discretion, it negatively predicted of intrinsic motivation.
Implementing a tailored education programme: renal transplant recipients’ experiences
Authors: Andersen Marit Helen , Wahl Astrid Klopstad , Engebretsen Eivind , Urstad Kristin Hjorthaug 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundPatient‐centred education is a key element in the care of patients undergoing kidney transplantation. We implemented a tailored, evidence‐based education programme for the post‐transplant phase.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore renal transplant recipients’ experiences of participating in a new, tailored, evidence‐based education programme.MethodsAn explorative qualitative design was chosen to elicit knowledge, insight and understanding of the renal transplant recipients’ perspectives. Twelve renal transplant recipients participated in semi‐structured interviews about eight weeks post‐transplant. The interviews were audiotaped and analysed using thematic data analysis inspired by Kvale and Brinkmann's method for meaning condensation.FindingsTwo main themes emerged: ‘Situated tailoring to the person's everyday life knowledge’, and ‘Tailoring as a standard procedure regardless of the person’.ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that the renal transplant recipients experienced the new education programme to be tailored to individual needs. Our study also revealed that the recipients experienced the health care personnel to take different considerations into account when educating. Viewing knowledge as continuously changing from controlled study contexts into clinical settings, we here demonstrate the need to evaluate new knowledge also after being implemented.
Raloxifene decreases cell viability and migratory potential in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with GPR30/GPER1 involvement
Authors: Salata Giovanna Cassone , Pinho Cristiane Figueiredo , de Freitas André T A G , Aquino Ariana Musa , Justulin Luis Antonio , Mendes Leonardo Oliveira , Gonçalves Bianca F , Delella Flávia Karina , Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated raloxifene (ral) effects on LNCaP prostate tumour cells modulating the activity of GPER1/GPR30 receptors.

Methods
LNCaP cells were submitted for 40/120 min and 12 h to the following treatments: C: RPMI + DMSO; R: RPMI + Ral; G: RPMI + Ral + G15 (GPER1 antagonist). Trypan blue staining measured cell viability. Migratory potential (12 h) was measured by transwell migration test in translucent inserts, which were then stained with DAPI and analysed under a fluorescence microscope for quantification. Cells from 40- and 120-min treatments were subjected to protein extraction to the study of AKT, pAKT, ERK, pERK, ERβ and SIRT1.

Key findings
There is a reduction in cellular viability in R compared to C at all evaluated times, and an increased cell viability in G when compared to R; cell viability was similar in C and G in all times studied. The migration assay demonstrated a significant decrease in migration potential of tumour cells in R compared to C and G. Ral treatment reduced pERK expression and increased pAKT in the treated groups after 40 min, pointing out to an antiproliferative and apoptotic effect in the GPER1-controlled rapid-effect pathways.

Conclusions
Raloxifene was able to modulate GPER1 in LNCaP prostate tumour cells, decreasing cell viability and their migratory potential.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 is independently associated with severe hepatic steatosis in non‐obese HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Praktiknjo Michael , Djayadi Natalie , Mohr Raphael , Schierwagen Robert , Bischoff Jenny , Dold Leona , Pohlmann Alessandra , Schwarze‐Zander Carolynne , Wasmuth Jan‐Christian , Boesecke Christoph , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSevere hepatic steatosis shows a high prevalence and contributes to morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Known risk factors include obesity, dyslipidaemia and features of metabolic syndrome. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) is involved with hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate FGF‐21 as a biomarker for severe hepatic steatosis in non‐obese HIV‐infected patients.MethodsThis is a prospective, cross‐sectional, monocentric study including HIV‐infected out‐patients. Hepatic steatosis was measured via controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using FibroScan 502 touch (ECHOSENS, France). Severe hepatic steatosis was defined at CAP ≥ 253 dB/m. Peripheral blood samples were collected and plasma was analysed for FGF‐21. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from patient's health records.ResultsIn total, 73 non‐obese HIV‐monoinfected patients were included in this study. Prevalence of severe hepatic steatosis was 41%. Patients with severe hepatic steatosis showed significantly higher levels of FGF‐21. Univariate analysis revealed FGF‐21, BMI, hyperlipidaemia, ALT levels and arterial hypertension as significant, while multivariate analysis showed only FGF‐21, arterial hypertension and ALT levels as significant independent risk factors for severe hepatic steatosis.ConclusionThis study presents FGF‐21 as an independent and stronger predictor of severe hepatic steatosis than blood lipids in HIV‐infected patients. Moreover, arterial hypertension and ALT levels predict severe steatosis even in non‐obese HIV‐monoinfected patients. Furthermore, this study supports existing metabolic risk factors and expands them to non‐obese HIV‐infected patients.
Fostering novice students' diagnostic ability: the value of guiding deliberate reflection
Authors: Mamede Sílvia , Figueiredo‐Soares Taciana , Elói Santos Silvana M , de Faria Rosa M D , Schmidt Henk G , van Gog Tamara 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundDeliberate reflection when practising the diagnosis of clinical cases has been shown to develop medical students' diagnostic competence. Adding guidance by cueing reflection or providing modelling of reflection increased the benefits of reflection for advanced (Years 5–6) students. The present study investigated whether we could replicate and extend these findings by comparing the effects of free, cued and modelled reflection on novice students' diagnostic competence.MethodsA total of 80 third‐year medical students participated in a two‐phase experiment. In the learning phase, students diagnosed nine clinical cases under one of three conditions: free reflection; cued reflection, and modelled reflection. Two weeks later, all students diagnosed four new examples of the diseases studied in the learning phase and four cases of non‐studied related diseases (‘adjacent diseases’). The main outcome measurements were diagnostic accuracy scores (range 0–1) on studied and adjacent diseases.ResultsFor studied diseases, there was a significant effect of experimental condition on diagnostic accuracy (p < 0.02), with the cued‐reflection group (mean = 0.58, standard deviation [SD] = 0.23) performing significantly better than the free‐reflection group (mean = 0.41, SD = 0.20; p < 0.02). The cued‐reflection and modelled‐reflection groups (mean = 0.54, SD = 0.22) did not differ in diagnostic accuracy (p > 0.05), nor did the modelled‐reflection group perform better than the free‐reflection group (p > 0.05). For adjacent diseases, the three groups scored extremely low, without significant differences in performance (p > 0.05). Cued reflection and free reflection were rated as requiring similar effort (p > 0.05) and both were more demanding than studying examples of reflection (both p < 0.001) in the learning phase.ConclusionsSimply cueing novice students' reflection to focus it on relevant diseases was sufficient to increase diagnostic performance relative to reflection without any guidance. Cued reflection and studying examples of reflection appear to be equally useful approaches for teaching clinical diagnosis to novice students. Students found studying examples of reflection required less effort but cued reflection will certainly demand much less investment from teachers.
Macro to micro: microwave remote sensing of plant water content for physiology and ecology
Authors: Konings Alexandra G. , Rao Krishna , Steele‐Dunne Susan C. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAlthough primarily valued for their suitability for oceanographic applications and soil moisture estimation, microwave remote sensing observations are also sensitive to plant water content (Mw). Since Mw depends on both plant water status and biomass, these observations have the potential to be useful for a range of plant drought response studies. In this paper, we introduce the principles behind microwave remote sensing observations to illustrate how they are sensitive to plant water content and discuss the relationship between landscape‐scale Mw and common stand‐scale metrics, including plant‐scale relative water content, live fuel moisture content and leaf water potential. Lastly, we discuss how various sensor types can be leveraged for specific applications depending on the spatio‐temporal resolution needed.
The race between host and sea lice in the Chilean salmon farming: a genomic approach
Authors: Gallardo‐Escárate Cristian , Arriagada Gabriel , Carrera Crisleri , Gonçalves Ana Teresa , Nuñez‐Acuña Gustavo , Valenzuela‐Miranda Diego , Valenzuela‐Muñoz Valentina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSea lice are a group of ectoparasite copepods negatively affecting fish health in the salmon farming industry worldwide. Due to their biology, including several stages of development with different sensitivities to chemotherapeutants and their complex host–parasite interactions, the control of sea lice represents one of the major obstacles for sustainable aquaculture. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to avoid the environmental impacts of antiparasites commercially used during the fish production cycle and the increasing emergence of drug resistance in lice populations. Herein, control methods based on genomic analyses will allow for the development of novel tools such as vaccines, immune‐modulators, in‐feed masking compounds and non‐pharmacological therapies. This review highlights the genomic knowledge on the race between hosts and sea lice, with emphasis on Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch as host fish species and Caligus rogercresseyi as the main threat affecting the Chilean salmon industry.
A guinea for a guinea pig: a manuscript satire on England’s first animal–human blood transfusion
Authors: Bičak Ivana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article examines a manuscript satire of a famous case of seventeenth‐century blood transfusion in England between a man and a sheep. The poem, transcribed at the end of the article, tells the story of Arthur Coga, a clergyman and alcoholic who was offered money in 1667 to take part in a dangerous experiment by Royal Society physicians. The verses tackle crucial ethical points of medical experimentation in the period and mock the novel scientific procedures of the newly established Royal Society. The problems of scientific exploitation, complicity, and informed consent are dealt with in a poetic fashion, through the use of realised metaphors, local legends, and classical mythology. The article argues that the poem acts as a site of transformations, both rhetorical and literal. The practice of transfusion transforms poetry itself, and influences the choice of poetic devices. At the same time, the poem's humour serves as a powerful weapon in the incrimination of the new experimental procedure.
D'Alembert‐type solution of the Cauchy problem for the Boussinesq‐Klein‐Gordon equation
Authors: Khusnutdinova Karima R. , Tranter Matthew R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we construct a weakly‐nonlinear d'Alembert‐type solution of the Cauchy problem for the Boussinesq‐Klein‐Gordon (BKG) equation. Similarly to our earlier work based on the use of spatial Fourier series, we consider the problem in the class of periodic functions on an interval of finite length (including the case of localized solutions on a large interval), and work with the nonlinear partial differential equation with variable coefficients describing the deviation from the oscillating mean value. Unlike our earlier paper, here we develop a novel multiple‐scales procedure involving fast characteristic variables and two slow time scales and averaging with respect to the spatial variable at a constant value of one or another characteristic variable, which allows us to construct an explicit and compact d'Alembert‐type solution of the nonlinear problem in terms of solutions of two Ostrovsky equations emerging at the leading order and describing the right‐ and left‐propagating waves. Validity of the constructed solution in the case when only the first initial condition for the BKG equation may have nonzero mean value follows from our earlier results, and is illustrated numerically for a number of instructive examples, both for periodic solutions on a finite interval, and localized solutions on a large interval. We also outline an extension of the procedure to the general case, when both initial conditions may have nonzero mean values. Importantly, in all cases, the initial conditions for the leading‐order Ostrovsky equations by construction have zero mean, while initial conditions for the BKG equation may have nonzero mean values.
Climatic and sea‐level control of Jurassic (Pliensbachian) clay mineral sedimentation in the Cardigan Bay Basin, Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole, Wales
Authors: Deconinck Jean‐François , Hesselbo Stephen P. , Pellenard Pierre 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEarly Jurassic climate is characterized by alternating cold and warm periods highlighted by studies based notably on oxygen isotopes measured on belemnite guards and other marine invertebrate shells. These climatic changes include changes in the hydrological cycle, and consequently weathering and runoff conditions. In order to clarify the erosion and weathering conditions during the Pliensbachian, this study determined the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of 132 samples taken from the entire stage drilled in the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole (Cardigan Bay Basin). The clay mineral assemblages are composed of various proportions of chlorite, illite, illite/smectite mixed‐layers (R1 I–S), smectite and kaolinite, with possibly occasional traces of berthierine. The occurrence of abundant smectite indicates that the maximum burial temperature never exceeded 70°C. Consequently, clay minerals are considered mainly detrital, and their fluctuations likely reflect environmental changes. The variations in the proportions of smectite and kaolinite are opposite to each other. Kaolinite is particularly abundant at the base of the jamesoni Zone, in part coinciding with the δ13C negative excursion corresponding to the Sinemurian/Pliensbachian Boundary Event, and through the davoei Zone, whilst smectite is abundant in the upper part of jamesoni and base of ibex zones and through the subnodosus/gibbosus subzones of the margaritatus Zone. The kaolinite‐rich intervals reflect an intensification of hydrolysis and an acceleration of the hydrological cycle, while the smectite‐rich intervals indicate a more arid climate. The spinatum Zone is characterized by a distinct clay assemblage with abundant primary minerals, R1 I–S, kaolinite reworked from previously deposited sediments or from Palaeozoic rocks, and probably berthierine originating from contemporaneous ironstone‐generating environments of shallower waters. This mineralogical change by the end of the Pliensbachian likely reflects a transition from a dominant chemical weathering to a deeper physical erosion of the continent, probably related to a significant sea‐level fall consistent with a glacio‐eustatic origin.