bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bleeding incidences associated with rivaroxaban therapy in adults with solid tumors
Authors: Weddle Kellie J , Kiel Patrick J , Patel Parth J 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Report bleeding incidences associated with rivaroxaban in adult patients with solid tumor malignancies requiring anticoagulation therapy. Methods This retrospective review was conducted at Indiana University Health, University Hospital and the Simon Cancer Center in Indianapolis, IN from January 2013 – February 2016. Patients were included if they had a solid tumor malignancy and prescribed rivaroxaban. Data were collected on 144 patients. Major bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring treatment (local, systemic treatment, blood cell transfusions) or hospitalization and minor bleeding was defined as bleeding not requiring treatment or hospitalization. Results Sixty-four (44%) patients experienced bleeding while on rivaroxaban. There were six cancer types that had a higher incidence of bleeding: bladder, breast, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and renal cell cancers; 40% (6/15) of patients with bladder cancer experienced bleeding; 54% (7/13) with breast cancer experienced bleeding; 40% (4/10) of patients with melanoma experienced bleeding; 58% (11/19) of patients with pancreatic cancer experienced bleeding; 45% (10/22) of patients with prostate cancer experienced bleeding; and 56% (5/9) of patients with renal cell carcinoma experienced bleeding. No other data collected identified increased incidence of bleeding. Conclusions Patients on rivaroxaban with a diagnosis of bladder, breast, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, or renal cell cancers had a higher incidence of bleeding compared to other solid tumors. Major bleeding was higher in bladder, breast, pancreas, and renal cell carcinomas, while minor bleeding was higher in patients with melanoma and prostate cancer.
Prospective Controlled Trial for the Treatment of Acne Keloidalis Nuchae With a Long-Pulsed Neodymium-Doped Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser
Authors: Woo Denise K. , Treyger German , Henderson Marsha , Huggins Richard H. , Jackson-Richards Diane , Hamzavi Iltefat 
Published: March 2018

Background: Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) is a chronic scarring folliculitis with limited interventions of both high efficacy and low morbidity. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the long-pulsed 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and topical steroids as a treatment for AKN compared to topical steroids alone. Methods: We conducted a single-blinded, randomised, within-patient right-left controlled trial (n = 13). Eight monthly laser treatments were performed on the treated half of the scalp, and triamcinolone 0.1% cream was applied to both sides twice daily. Treatment response was measured using a global assessment score (0 to 10). Results: The laser-treated side showed greater improvement in global assessment score. The mean change was −3.2 (−49.2%) on the treated side and −2.2 (−32.8%) on the control side ( P = .144). Papules responded well to laser treatment, while larger plaques and nodules showed limited improvement. In the 10 patients with papules only, the difference in improvement between the treated and control sides was statistically significant (mean change was −3.5 [−59.3%] for the treated side and −1.8 [−29.5%] for the control side, P = .031). Limitations: This study was limited by a small sample size and a high dropout rate, as well as the lack of a standardised scoring system for AKN. Conclusion: The long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with topical steroids shows promising results in the treatment of AKN, particularly the papular component, and is well tolerated by patients.
Fronto-limbic disconnection in patients with multiple sclerosis and depression
Authors: van Geest Quinten , Boeschoten Rosa E , Keijzer Matthijs J , Steenwijk Martijn D , Pouwels Petra JW , Twisk Jos WR , Smit Johannes H , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Geurts Jeroen JG , van Oppen Patricia , Hulst Hanneke E 
Published: March 2018

Background: The biological mechanism of depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well understood. Based on work in major depressive disorder, fronto-limbic disconnection might be important. Objective: To investigate structural and functional fronto-limbic changes in depressed MS (DMS) and non-depressed MS (nDMS) patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 22 moderate-to-severe DMS patients (disease duration 8.2 ± 7.7 years), 21 nDMS patients (disease duration 15.3 ± 8.3 years), and 12 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 1.5 T). Brain volumes (white matter (WM), gray matter, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus), lesion load, fractional anisotropy (FA) of fronto-limbic tracts, and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between limbic and frontal areas were measured and compared between groups. Regression analysis was performed to relate MRI measures to the severity of depression. Results: Compared to nDMS patients, DMS patients (shorter disease duration) had lower WM volume ( p < 0.01), decreased FA of the uncinate fasciculus ( p < 0.05), and lower FC between the amygdala and frontal regions ( p < 0.05). Disease duration, FA of the uncinate fasciculus, and FC of the amygdala could explain 48% of variance in the severity of depression. No differences in cognition were found. Conclusion: DMS patients showed more pronounced (MS) damage, that is, structural and functional changes in temporo-frontal regions, compared to nDMS patients, suggestive of fronto-limbic disconnection.
Assessing speech, language and communication difficulties in children referred for ADHD: A qualitative evaluation of a UK child and adolescent mental health service
Authors: Chan Kelly MY , Fugard Andrew JB 
Published: March 2018

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood neuropsychiatric disorders and is highly comorbid with speech, language and communication difficulties (SLCDs). However, it is unclear how often SLCDs are identified in ADHD referrals in routine practice and whether there are unidentified SLCDs within this population. Method: A thematic analysis was conducted on a random sample of case notes from 18 referrals for ADHD made to a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) in London, United Kingdom. Analyses aimed to identify (a) the types of SLCDs detected during assessment, (b) at which point of the episode of care these SLCDs were suspected and (c) whether a referral or consultation was made to a speech and language therapist (SLT) for further evaluation. Results: Out of 18 cases investigated, 15 were found to have possible SLCDs based on case notes and reports provided by external agencies. However, only four were referred by CAMHS for further assessment. It is unclear what, if any, steps other external agencies took. Themes describing types of SLCDs, comorbidities and the process of identification are discussed. Conclusion: The analysis of this service’s case notes revealed a range of different routes to the identification of SLCDs, and it was unclear what steps were taken as a result of assessment. A limitation is that this is just one service and the results may not generalise. However, given the similarity in practitioner training received across the country and that practitioners move from service to service, there are grounds for repeating the study in other services. We recommend a more structured approach to identifying SLCDs and recording assessment and treatment decisions made.
Predictors of secondary traumatic stress among social workers: Supervision, income, and caseload size
Authors: Quinn Adam , Ji Pengsheng , Nackerud Larry 
Published: March 2018

Summary In the past 20 years, research suggests that social workers and counselors are at risk of developing secondary traumatic stress from working with traumatized client populations. However, only a few studies have examined specific risk and protective factors that may buffer the social worker from developing secondary trauma symptoms. This article reports the results from a cross-sectional survey-based study of clinical social workers in which a predictive model of secondary traumatic stress was sought. In order to obtain an optimally predictive subset of variables from a larger set of candidate variables, this study employed a rigorous variable selection procedure using criteria-based methods for arriving at a final model predicting secondary trauma. Findings The results suggest that the ratings of the supervisory relationship, salary, caseload size, and personal anxiety may be salient factors that impact the development of secondary trauma among clinical social workers. Specifically, positive ratings of supervision and higher income level were found to predict a substantial decrease in the degree to which a social worker possessed secondary trauma symptoms. Applications Secondary trauma threatens clinician health, client quality of services, and contributes to increased financial burdens to nonprofit agencies due to burnout and employee turnover. At an organizational level, administrators and policymakers can address these problems by providing higher salaries, encouraging reasonable client caseloads, and ensuring that social workers have access to skilled clinical supervisors. At an individual level, personal self-care to reduce daily anxiety may be important to protect clinical social workers from developing secondary trauma symptoms.
Involvement of pro-inflammation signal pathway in inhibitory effects of rapamycin on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Duan Zongsheng , Su Zhenbo , Wang Hushan , Pang Xiaochuan 
Published: March 2018

Background Oxaliplatin is a third-generation chemotherapeutic agent that is commonly used to treat metastatic digestive tumors; however, one of the main limiting complications of oxaliplatin is painful peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanisms by which mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its signal are responsible for oxaliplatin-evoked neuropathic pain. Methods Neuropathic pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of oxaliplatin in rats. ELISA and Western blot analysis were used to examine the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and the expression of mTOR signal pathway. Results Oxaliplatin increased mechanical and cold sensitivity as compared with control animals ( P < 0.05 vs. control rats). Oxaliplatin also amplified the expression of p-mTOR and mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 and 4E-binding protein 1 in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion. Blocking mTOR using rapamycin attenuated peripheral painful neuropathy observed in oxaliplatin rats ( P < 0.05 vs. vehicle control). This inhibitory effect was accompanied with decreases of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In addition, inhibition of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K) attenuated the expression of p-mTOR and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in oxaliplatin rats, and this further attenuated mechanical and cold hypersensitivity. Conclusions The data revealed specific signaling pathways leading to oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathic pain, including the activation of PI3K-mTOR and pro-inflammatory cytokine signal. Inhibition of these pathways alleviates neuropathic pain. Targeting one or more of these molecular mediators may present new opportunities for treatment and management of neuropathic pain observed during chemotherapeutic application of oxaliplatin.
Working in small-scale, homelike dementia care: effects on staff burnout symptoms and job characteristics. A quasi-experimental, longitudinal study
Authors: Zwakhalen Sandra MG , Hamers Jan PH , van Rossum Erik , Ambergen Ton , Kempen Gertrudis IJM , Verbeek Hilde 
Published: March 2018

Aim This paper reports on a quasi-experimental, longitudinal study on the effects of working in a new type of dementia care facility (i.e. small-scale living facilities) on staff burnout symptoms and job characteristics (job autonomy, social support, physical demands and workload). Methods It is hypothesised that nursing staff working in small-scale facilities experience fewer burnout symptoms, more autonomy and social support, and fewer symptoms of physical demands and workload compared with staff in regular wards. Two types of long-term institutional nursing care settings were included: 28 houses in small-scale living facilities and 21 regular psychogeriatric wards in nursing homes. At baseline and at follow-ups after 6 and 12 months nursing staff were assessed by means of self-report questionnaires. In total, 305 nursing staff members were included in the study, 114 working in small-scale living facilities (intervention group) and 191 in regular wards (control group). Results No overall effects on burnout symptoms were detected. Significantly fewer physical demands and lower workload were experienced by staff working in small-scale living facilities compared with staff in regular wards. They also experienced more job autonomy. No significant effect was found for overall social support in the total group. Conclusions This study suggests positive effects of the work environment on several work characteristics. Organisational climate differs in the two conditions, which might account for our results. This may influence nursing staff well-being and has important implications for nursing home managers and policy makers. Future studies should enhance our understanding of the influence of job characteristics on outcomes.
An audit of the accuracy of medication information in electronic medical discharge summaries linked to an electronic prescribing system
Authors: Tan Yixin , Elliott Rohan A , Richardson Belinda , Tanner Francine E , Dorevitch Michael I 
Published: March 2018

Background: Poor communication of medication information to general practitioners when patients are discharged from hospital is a widely recognised problem. There has been little research exploring the accuracy of medication information in electronic discharge summaries (EDS) linked to hospital e-prescribing systems. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of medication lists and medication change information in EDS produced using an integrated e-prescribing and EDS system (where EDS discharge medication lists were imported from discharge e-prescription records, medication change information was manually entered, and medications were dispensed from paper copies of the patients' e-prescriptions). Method: Retrospective audit of EDSs for a random sample, representative of adult patients ( n = 87) discharged from a major teaching hospital. EDS medication lists were compared to pharmacist-verified paper discharge prescriptions (considered to be the most accurate discharge medication list) to identify discrepancies. EDS medication change information was compared to medication changes identified by comparing pharmacist-verified “Medication History on Admission” forms with pharmacist-verified paper discharge prescriptions. Results: There were 85/87 (98%) EDSs that included a discharge medication list. Of these, 50/85 (59%) contained one or more medication list discrepancies (median 1, range 0–15). The most common discrepancy was omission of medication (58%); 84/131 (64%) discrepancies were considered clinically significant (risk of adverse outcome); 162/351 (46%) clinically significant medication changes were stated in the EDS; and 153/351 (44%) changes were both stated and included a reason. Conclusion: EDS discrepancies were common despite integration with e-prescribing. Eliminating paper prescriptions, enhancing e-prescribing/EDS functionality and involving pharmacists in EDS preparation may reduce discrepancies.
The Effect of Aging on Cervical Parameters in a Normative North American Population
Authors: Iorio Justin , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Henry Jensen K. , Stein Dan , Lenke Lawrence G. , Gupta Munish , Kelly Michael P. , Sides Brenda , Kim Han Jo 
Published: March 2018

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: To investigate age-based changes in cervical alignment parameters in an asymptomatic population. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective study of 118 asymptomatic subjects who underwent biplanar imaging with 3-dimensional capabilities. Demographic and health-related quality of life data was collected prior to imaging. Patients were stratified into 5 age groups: <35 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years, 55-64 years, and ≥65 years. Radiographic measurements of the cervical spine and spinopelvic parameters were compared between age groups. The normal distribution of parameters was assessed followed by analysis of variance for comparison of variance between age groups. Results: C2-C7 lordosis, C0-C7 lordosis, and T1 slope demonstrated significant increases with age. C0-C7 lordosis was significantly less in subjects <35 years compared with ≥55 years. Significant differences in T1 slope were identified in patients <35 versus ≥65, 35-44 versus ≥65, and 45-54 versus ≥65 years. T1 slope demonstrated a positive correlation with age. Horizontal gaze parameters did not change linearly with age and mean averages of all age groups were within 10° of one another. Cervical kyphosis was present in approximately half of subjects who were <55 compared with approximately 10% of subjects ≥55 years. Differences in pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis, and C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis were identified with age. Conclusions: C0-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 lordosis, and T1 slope demonstrate age-based changes while other cervical and horizontal gaze parameters remain relatively constant with age.
Cadmium in tobacco smokers: a neglected link to lung disease?
Authors: Ganguly Koustav , Levänen Bettina , Palmberg Lena , Åkesson Agneta , Lindén Anders 
Published: March 2018

Cadmium in tobacco smoke may contribute to the development of pulmonary emphysema. However, there is poor understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenic role of cadmium in this and other smoking-related lung diseases. The traditional focus on the total body burden of cadmium, estimated through analysis of urine, may not fully reflect the local burden of cadmium, since it is inhaled by smokers. Thus, assessing the local accumulation of cadmium in the lungs appears more relevant, given that there is tissue-specific retention of cadmium.In this review, we outline the principal sources of cadmium exposure and the clinical effects of occupational exposure. In addition, we review evidence on local cadmium and its association with alterations in innate immunity in tobacco smokers. Moreover, we scrutinise the data on cadmium as a cause of lung disease in translational models.We conclude that cadmium may contribute to smoking-related lung diseases, possiblyviaan altered redox balance and by making macrophages dysfunctional. However, there is a need for new studies on local cadmium levels and their relation to pathology in long-term tobacco smokers, as well as for more in-depth studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms, to elucidate the importance of cadmium in smoking-related lung diseases.
“Polluted Luxuries”: Consumer Resistance, the Senses of Horror, and Abolitionist Boycott Literature
Authors: Conrad Jessica 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis essay examines the unique positionality of abolitionist boycott literature, situated within the sentimental trends of antebellum literature while employing the sensationalist language of consumer interaction with morally compromised goods. Boycott literature ultimately introduced into the literary landscape a complicated view of what readers and writers increasingly saw as a suspect “free” market. Writers such as Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Elizabeth Margaret Chandler, and John Greenleaf Whittier imagined a world of goods haunted by the touch of enslaved laborers—goods that in turn haunted consumers. By parsing out the language of abolitionist boycott literature alongside its historical and material cultural moment, this essay argues that such literature posits a very literal and as yet unaccounted-for version of material relations that collapses the boundaries between consumer and producer, self and other, in ways that have horrific, haunting implications for market society, then and now.
Ice Cores and the Temporalities of the Global Environment
Authors: Antonello Alessandro , Carey Mark 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIce cores from Antarctica, Greenland, and the high-mountain cryosphere have become essential sources of evidence on the climate dating back nearly 800,000 years. Earth scientists use ice cores to understand the chemical composition of the atmosphere, which has been trapped in the air bubbles between the ice crystals as they form annually; this knowledge also feeds into modeling the climate’s future. Ice cores are not simply important sources of environmental knowledge, but have become important elements of global environmental representations and politics since the 1980s. Ice cores do a lot of work. This article is specifically concerned with examining how the practices involved in drilling, analyzing, discussing, and using ice cores for both science and broader climate or environmental policies and cultures take part in constituting the temporalities of the global environment. We suggest that ice core discourses have constituted and advanced specific textures and sensibilities of time in relation to Earth’s past, the history of humans as both species and civilization, and certain apocalyptic and determined futures. While the evidence from ice cores is meant to point toward obvious choices to control our global future, the temporalities of ice cores might not lead the same way. This article joins an increasing concern in the environmental humanities with temporalities, and encourages greater attention to temporalities in environmental history.
The Joubert syndrome protein ARL13B binds tubulin to maintain uniform distribution of proteins along the ciliary membrane
Authors: Revenkova Ekaterina , Liu Qing , Gusella G. Luca , Iomini Carlo 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Cilia-mediated signal transduction involves precise targeting and localization of selected molecules along the ciliary membrane. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these events is unclear. The Joubert syndrome protein ARL13B is a membrane-associated G-protein that localizes along the cilium and functions in protein transport and signaling. We identify tubulin as a direct interactor of ARL13B and demonstrate that the association occurs via the G-domain and independently from the GTPase activity of ARL13B. The G-domain is necessary for the interaction of ARL13B with the axoneme both in vitro and in vivo. We further show that exogenously expressed mutants lacking the tubulin-binding G-domain (ARL13B-ΔGD) or whose GTPase domain is inactivated (ARL13B-T35N) retain ciliary localization, but fail to rescue ciliogenesis defects of null Arl13bhnn mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, while ARL13B-ΔGD and the membrane proteins Smoothened (SMO) and Somatostatin receptor-3 (SSTR3) distribute unevenly along the cilium of Arl13bhnn MEFs, ARL13B-T35N distributes evenly along the cilium and enables the uniform distribution of SMO and SSTR3. Thus, we propose a so far unknown function of ARL13B in anchoring ciliary membrane proteins to the axoneme through the direct interaction of its G-domain with tubulin.