bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamics of plunging airfoil in wind gust
Authors: Das Arpan , Tiwari Shaligram 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Growing application of micro aerial vehicle (MAV) sets in demand for accurate computations of low Reynolds number flows past their wings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of unsteady freestream velocity or wind gust on a harmonically plunging symmetric NACA0012 airfoil at Re = 1,000. The influence of unsteady parameters, such as reduced frequency of plunging motion (0.25 < k < 1.5), non-dimensional plunging amplitude (ho = 0.2) and non-dimensional amplitude of wind gust (0.1 = λ = 0.4) has been studied.

Design/methodology/approach
Computations have been carried out using commercial software ANSYS Fluent 16.0. To incorporate the plunging motion, the entire reference frame is oscillating, and thereby, a source term is added in the Navier–Stokes equation.

Findings
The results have been presented in the form of streamlines, vorticity contours, lift and drag signals and their spectra. It is observed that the ratio of plunging frequency to gust frequency (f/fg) has strong influence on periodic characteristics of unsteady wake. It has also been observed that for a fixed plunging amplitude, an increase in value of k results into a change from positive drag to thrust.

Practical implications
The research has implications in the development of MAV.

Originality/value
This study is intended to get a better understanding of unsteady parameters associated with gusty flow in flapping wing applications and possible ways to alleviate its adverse effect on it.
Determinants of the knowledge of the total cost of consumer loans
Authors: Farías Pablo 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of consumer-related and bank-related characteristics on the knowledge of the total cost of consumer loans paid by consumers and test the hypothesized relationships between them.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to identify the proportion of consumers who do not know the total cost of consumer loans and reasons for it in the Chilean consumer loans industry, an empirical study using a survey administered through personal in-home interviews was carried out.

Findings
Results show that knowledge of a consumer loans total cost is positively associated with product satisfaction as well as recent and infrequent purchases. This study also shows that a big market segment, comprising 37.2 percent of the probability sample, represents vulnerable consumers with high self-reported knowledge but low actual knowledge of the total costs of consumer loans. This study shows that this market segment has a higher use of the price-quality cue and a higher purchase frequency of consumer loans.

Originality/value
The present study contributes to the existing literature in the following ways. First, while previous research measured only self-reported knowledge for financial services, the present study examines actual knowledge of the total cost of consumer loans. Second, while previous research for financial services only examined the effects of the use of the price-quality cue and price advertising exposure, the present study also examines 11 other determinants, which are relevant for managers, regulators and researchers.
Development of switching performance evaluator and arc modelling tool for low-voltage switching devices
Authors: Shin Dongkyu , Golosnoy Igor , McBride John 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate a reliable evaluator of arc re-ignition and to develop a numerical tool for accurate prediction of arc behaviour of low-voltage switching devices (LVSDs) prior to empirical laboratory testing of real products.

Design/methodology/approach
Two types of interruption tests have been carried out in the investigation of re-ignition evaluators. Arc modelling tool coupled with the load circuit has been developed to predict arc characteristics based on conventional magnetohydrodynamics theory, with special attention given to Lorentz force acting on the arc column and surface phenomena on the splitter plate. The model assumptions have been validated by experimental observation of arc motion and current and voltage waveforms.

Findings
It is found that the exit-voltage across the switching device and the ratio of system to exit-voltage at the current zero point are reliable evaluators for prediction of re-ignition. Where the voltage ratio is positive, instantaneous re-ignition does not occur. Further, the probability of re-ignition is very low if the voltage ratio is in the rage of −1.3 to 0.

Originality/value
It is observed that the voltage ratio can be considered as a reliable global evaluator of re-ignition, which can be used for various types of LVSD test conditions. In addition, it is shown that arc modelling allows a good prediction of the current and voltage waveforms, arc motion as well as the exit-voltage, which can be used to obtain the evaluator of re-ignition.
Sharing risk experiences of polydrug use on YouTube
Authors: Kataja Kati , Hakkarainen Pekka , Koivula Petteri , Hautala Sanna 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss what kinds of messages about the risks of polydrug use are mediated in YouTube video blogs and on what kinds of norms and values do the vloggers base these messages.

Design/methodology/approach
The data consist of 12 YouTube videos where vloggers share their own experiences of the risks and harms of polydrug use. In the analysis, the actantial model of Greimas’ theory of structural semiotics was applied.

Findings
Two main types of videos were identified – sobriety and controlled use – where polydrug use has different meanings. In sobriety videos, polydrug use is presented as the heavy use of multiple substances. In the videos dealing with controlled use, polydrug use is taken as the combining of certain substances. Whereas the sobriety videos emphasized total abstinence from all substances due to their destructiveness, the videos about controlled use emphasized risk awareness when combining substances. Despite modern digital media and a new generation operating in this space, the messages of the risks of polydrug use mainly repeat those of familiar discourses.

Originality/value
This paper offers an analytical insight into the ways in which the risks of polydrug use are conceptualized in a YouTube context that is increasingly gaining a foothold among the youth. Greimas’ actantial model offers a fruitful tool to find semiotic meanings that hide under the surface. The model has not been applied in previous drug research.
An examination of the perceived value of organic dining
Authors: Lu Lu , Chi Christina Geng-qing 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the perceived hedonic and utilitarian value of organic dining along with its antecedents and dining outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from two groups of US consumers who had recently visited a quick-service or upscale restaurant to consume organic menu items. Data were analyzed using factor analysis and hierarchical regression analyses using Hayes’ PROCESS procedure.

Findings
Perceived hedonic value has two dimensions (dining-centered excitement and social attention and escapism), as does utilitarian value (tangible value and intangible value). Involvement with organic food is a significant antecedent of perceived value. Satisfaction exhibits various mediating effects on behavioral intention, depending on the value factor considered.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to knowledge regarding the perceived dining value of consuming organic food at restaurants. Findings shed light on the importance of understanding perceived value in predicting diners’ behavioral intentions across two restaurant segments. Consumers’ value perceptions of organic dining differ from those related to general organic food shopping.

Practical implications
The findings provide clear ways for restaurants to increase the perceived utilitarian and hedonic value of organic food dishes. This study assists restaurant practitioners in managing customer satisfaction and loyalty by prioritizing the effort invested in developing different value perceptions.

Originality/value
This research is one of the first attempts to delve into consumers’ dining experiences with organic food across two major restaurant segments.
Modelling productivity shocks and economic growth using the Bayesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach
Authors: Liu Anyu , Song Haiyan , Blake Adam 
Published: August 2018

PurposeMost existing studies on the impact of tourism on economic growth adopt an econometric approach that is insufficient to confirm that tourism actually leads to economic growth. Moreover, it cannot explain the causalities of different variables. Taking Mauritius as an example, this study aims to use the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach to investigate the contribution of tourism to economic growth when there is a productivity shock in the tourism sector.Design/methodology/approachA two-sector, small, open economy is modelled under the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. The model is estimated using the Bayesian method based on real tourism and macroeconomic data from Mauritius for the period from 1999 to 2014. The impulse response functions are used to simulate the contribution of tourism to economic growth when there is a productivity shock in the tourism sector.FindingsThe simulation results show that the Mauritian gross domestic product (GDP) would increase by 0.09 per cent if the productivity of tourism is improved by 1 per cent, indicating that tourism could lead to economic growth. Considering the average annual growth rate of the Mauritian GDP, the contribution of tourism to its economic growth is significant. Furthermore, the effects of tourism on economic growth are moderated by price elasticities in international tourism demand.Originality/valueThis is the first study that estimates the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model using the Bayesian method in tourism economic field. By correcting the prior information with real tourism and macroeconomic data, the estimation and simulation results are more robust compared with the calibration method, which has been used frequently in tourism studies.
Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Food Products: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Olaimat Amin N. , Al‐Holy Murad A. , Shahbaz Hafiz M. , Al‐Nabulsi Anas A. , Abu Ghoush Mahmoud H. , Osaili Tareq M. , Ayyash Mutamed M. , Holley Richard A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that has been involved in several deadly illness outbreaks. Future outbreaks may be more difficult to manage because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products. The present review summarizes the available evidence on the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products and the possible ways this resistance has developed. Furthermore, the resistance of food L. monocytogenes isolates to antibiotics currently used in the treatment of human listeriosis such as penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and gentamicin, has been documented. Acquisition of movable genetic elements is considered the major mechanism of antibiotic resistance development in L. monocytogenes. Efflux pumps have also been linked with resistance of L. monocytogenes to some antibiotics including fluoroquinolones. Some L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products are intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics. However, factors in food processing chains and environments (from farm to table) including extensive or sub‐inhibitory antibiotics use, horizontal gene transfer, exposure to environmental stresses, biofilm formation, and presence of persister cells play crucial roles in the development of antibiotic resistance by L. monocytogenes.
Risk Assessment and Juvenile Justice
Authors: Campbell Christina , Papp Jordan , Barnes Ashlee , Onifade Eyitayo , Anderson Valerie 
Published: August 2018

Research SummaryIn this study, we examine the interaction between race, gender, and risk assessment score on risk for recidivism. We used the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) to measure criminogenic risk among a sample of delinquent youth. The results of multivariate Cox regression revealed a significant interaction between race, gender, and risk score when predicting recidivism. The findings indicated that the slope of the relationship between risk score and recidivism differed significantly for Black youth as compared with White youth and that this interaction was even more pronounced for the subsample of males. These findings suggest that there may be social or other policy/enforcement‐related factors that increase risk for recidivism for Black youth.Policy ImplicationsWe found that although there were no differences in overall risk score across White and Black youth, Black males were at increased risk for future recidivism. These findings should inform practice and policies in four primary ways. First, court practitioners, like juvenile court officers and judges, should pay special attention to responsivity factors that may minimize barriers to treatment and success. Second, court officers and service providers should implement policies that require tracking how risk assessment information is used in the decision‐making process. Third, the use of reassessments to monitor changes in dynamic criminogenic risk is necessary. Finally, future research should be aimed at investigating the extent to which policies, practices, and enforcement moderate the validity of risk assessment tools across race and gender.
Can We Downsize Our Prisons and Jails Without Compromising Public Safety?
Authors: Bartos Bradley J. , Kubrin Charis E. 
Published: August 2018

Research SummaryOur study represents the first effort to evaluate systematically Proposition 47's (Prop 47's) impact on California's crime rates. With a state‐level panel containing violent and property offenses from 1970 through 2015, we employ a synthetic control group design to approximate California's crime rates had Prop 47 not been enacted. Our findings suggest that Prop 47 had no effect on homicide, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, or burglary. Larceny and motor vehicle thefts, however, seem to have increased moderately after Prop 47, but these results were both sensitive to alternative specifications of our synthetic control group and small enough that placebo testing cannot rule out spuriousness.Policy ImplicationsAs the United States engages in renewed debates regarding the scale and cost of its incarcerated population, California stands at the forefront of criminal justice reform. Although California reduced its prison population by 13,000 through Prop 47, critics argue anecdotally that the measure is responsible for recent crime upticks across the state. We find little empirical support for these claims. Thus, our findings suggest that California can downsize its prisons and jails without compromising public safety.
Victim Compensation Policy and White‐Collar Crime
Authors: Galvin Miranda A. , Loughran Thomas A. , Simpson Sally S. , Cohen Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

Research SummaryWe use survey data from a nationally representative sample to explore public support for taxpayer‐funded victim compensation programs for financial fraud, consumer fraud, identity theft, and burglary. We use contingent valuation (willingness‐to‐pay) methodology to infer preferences for compensation programs and explore predictors of those preferences. Overall, our findings reveal that the public strongly supports the implementation of victim compensation programs. Our results also indicate, however, that this support may be driven in part by perceptions of benefiting from this program directly in the future. Additionally, a small but notable minority of respondents exhibit preferences for programs without compensation.Policy ImplicationsOur findings suggest that the general public is supportive of restitutive compensation programs, not only as paid for by offenders but also as paid for by the government. We suggest that policy makers may seek to extend victim compensation funds to white‐collar crimes, which may otherwise be more financially damaging than traditional crimes.
Building the Legitimacy of Whistleblowers: A Multi‐Case Discourse Analysis
Authors: Stolowy Hervé , Gendron Yves , Moll Jodie , Paugam Luc 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTEvidence suggests that society still does not view whistleblowers as wholly legitimate—despite legal protections now offered in some jurisdictions, such as the United States. Drawing on a discourse analysis (i.e., an examination of statements), we investigate the well‐publicized stories of seven whistleblowers from 69 sources, including books, first‐ and second‐hand interviews, websites, and videos. Our focus is to examine how whistleblower discourses can build legitimacy by more tightly defining the whistleblower role and demonstrating its alignment with social norms. Using whistleblower self‐narratives, we identify four narrative patterns: (i) Trigger(s)—the event(s) leading to whistleblowing; (ii) Personality traits—whistleblower's morality, resourcefulness, and determination; (iii) Constraints—barriers requiring regulatory and organizational change; and (iv) Consequences—the longer term positive impact of the whistleblowing act. These patterns rely on symbolic, analogical, and metaphorical framing to allow others to better understand the role of whistleblowers and enlist their support. Exploring a data set of 1,621 press articles, we find indications that these narrative patterns resonate in the media—which provide a form of support and may be instrumental in legitimizing the whistleblower role. Grounded on these results, we develop a legitimacy construction model of the whistleblower role, that is, a representation of how role legitimacy is produced and sustained. From this model, we identify a number of important areas for future research.
A novel dual glucagon‐like peptide and glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899: Results of randomized, placebo‐controlled first‐in‐human and first‐in‐patient trials
Authors: Tillner Joachim , Posch Maximilian G. , Wagner Frank , Teichert Lenore , Hijazi Youssef , Einig Christine , Keil Stefanie , Haack Torsten , Wagner Michael , Bossart Martin , Larsen Philip J. 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SAR425899, a novel polypeptide, active as an agonist at both the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCR), in healthy volunteers and in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsSubcutaneous administrations of SAR425899 were tested in two randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trials. In the first trial, healthy overweight volunteers (body mass index [BMI] 25‐30 kg/m2; n = 32) received single‐ascending doses (0.01‐0.1 mg) of SAR425899 or placebo. In the second, a multiple‐ascending‐dose trial (NCT02411825), healthy normal‐ to overweight volunteers (BMI 20‐30 kg/m2; n = 40) and overweight/obese patients with T2D (BMI 28‐42 kg/m2; n = 36) received daily doses of SAR425899 or placebo over 21 or 28 days, respectively.ResultsThe most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal; gastrointestinal side effects were less pronounced in patients with T2D compared with healthy volunteers. SAR425899 significantly reduced levels of fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.05 vs. placebo) and glycated haemoglobin (P < 0.001 versus placebo) in patients with T2D. Additionally, SAR425899 led to reductions in body weight, with a maximal reduction of 5.32 kg in healthy volunteers and 5.46 kg in patients with T2D (P < 0.001 vs. placebo) at end of treatment.ConclusionsSAR425899 was well tolerated and led to favourable glycaemic effects in patients with T2D and weight reduction in both healthy volunteers and patients. Whether dual GLP‐1R/GCR agonism represents a treatment method that is superior to pure GLP‐1R agonists for obesity and diabetes treatment remains to be confirmed.
Harvest date and leaf:stem ratio determine methane hectare yield of miscanthus biomass
Authors: Mangold Anja , Lewandowski Iris , Möhring Jens , Clifton‐Brown John , Krzyżak Jacek , Mos Michal , Pogrzeba Marta , Kiesel Andreas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe suitability of miscanthus biomass for anaerobic digestion has already been confirmed by several studies. However, it is rarely used as feedstock in biogas plants, mainly due to uncertainty about the optimal harvest regime with regard to the long‐term methane hectare yield and resilience of the crop to green cutting. The recommended green‐cut date for the only commercially available genotype Miscanthus × giganteus (M×g) ranges from September to November. This timeframe is too broad for agricultural practice and needs to be both narrowed down and further specified for different genotypes. The aim of this study was to identify the most suitable harvest window for an autumn green cut of miscanthus, which delivers both a high dry matter and methane yield while securing the long‐term productivity of the crop. A further objective was to quantify the effect of genotypic differences, such as leaf to stem ratio, on the substrate‐specific biogas and methane yield. For these purposes, a field trial with four genotypes (M×g, GNT1, GNT3, Sin55) was conducted over 2 years (2016/2017) and harvested at 2‐week intervals on three dates between mid‐September to mid‐October. Methane hectare yield ranged from 3,183 m³ CH4 ha−1 a−1 (Sin55) to 5,265 m³ CH4 ha−1 a−1 (M×g), which is mainly influenced by dry matter yield. The substrate‐specific methane yield was higher for the leaf (311.0 ml CH4 (g oDM)‐1) than the stem fraction (285.1 ml CH4 (g oDM)‐1) in all genotypes due to lower lignin content of leaves. Of all genotypes, M×g showed the highest and Sin55 the lowest nutrient use efficiency. We conclude that miscanthus in Germany should be harvested in October to maximize methane yields and nutrient recycling and minimize yield reduction. Additionally, to increase methane hectare yields even further, future miscanthus breeding should focus on a higher leaf proportion.