bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in South and South-east Asian Women
Authors: Verma Vivek , Vishwakarma Ramesh K. , Nath Dilip C. , Abid Omer , Prakash Ram 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCaesarean section is considered a preferable and safe method of delivery. In the last decade, its prevalence has increased in both developed and developing countries. In the context of developing countries viz., South Asia (the highest populated region) and South-east Asia (the third highest populated region), the preference for, and variation in, caesarean section delivery and its associated maternal socioeconomic characteristics are still to be determined.ObjectiveTo study the magnitude of caesarean delivery in the South and South-east Asian countries, by correlating the maternal socioeconomic characteristics with the preference for caesarean sections.MethodologyData on ever-married women of nine developing countries of South and South-east Asia viz., Vietnam, India, Maldives, Timor-Leste, Nepal, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Cambodia, from Demographic and Health Survey has considered. Both bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability that a woman undergoes caesarean section and to assess the influence of maternal socioeconomic characteristics towards the preference for caesarean section.ConclusionIn seven urban and four rural regions of nine South and South-East Asian countries, a significant inclination towards the caesarean delivery above the more recent outdate WHO recommended optimal range of 10-15% or the more recent study by top researchers of 19% has been found. The analysis confirmed that the prevalence of caesarean section and its associated maternal socioeconomic characteristics varied widely among these nine South and South-East Asian countries.
Small RNA Mcr11 regulates genes involved in the central metabolism ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand requires 3’ sequence along with the transcription factor AbmR for stable expression
Authors: Girardin Roxie C. , McDonough Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis, must adapt to host-associated environments during infection by modulating gene expression. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are key regulators of bacterial gene expression, but their roles in Mtb are not well understood. Here, we address the expression and function of the Mtb sRNA Mcr11, which is associated with slow bacterial growth and latent infections in mice. We found, by using biochemical and genetic approaches, that the AbmR transcription factor and an extended region of native sequence 3’ to themcr11gene enhance production of mature Mcr11. Additionally, we found that expression of Mcr11 was unstable in the saprophyteMycobacterium smegmatis, which lacks anmcr11orthologue. Bioinformatic analyses used to predict regulatory targets of Mcr11 identified 9-11 nucleotide regions immediately upstream of Rv3282 andlipBwith potential for direct base-pairing with Mcr11.mcr11-dependent regulation of Rv3282,lipB,Rv2216 andpknAwas demonstrated using qRT-PCR in wild type versusmcr11-deleted Mtb and found to be responsive to the presence of fatty acids. These studies establish that Mcr11 has roles in regulating growth and central metabolism in Mtb that warrant further investigation. In addition, our finding that multiple factors are required for production of stable, mature Mcr11 emphasizes the need to study mechanisms of sRNA expression and stability in TB complex mycobacteria to understand their roles in TB pathogenesis.Author SummaryBacterial pathogens must continuously modulate their gene expression in response to changing conditions to successfully infect and survive within their hosts. Transcription factors are well known regulators of gene expression, but there is growing recognition that small RNAs (sRNAs) also have critically important roles in bacterial gene regulation. Many sRNAs have been identified inM. tuberculosis(Mtb), but little is known about their expression, regulatory targets or roles in Mtb biology. In this study, we found that the Mtb sRNA Mcr11, which is expressed at high levels in slowly replicating Mtb and during mouse infection, regulates expression of several target genes involved in central metabolism. Importantly, we also discovered thatmcr11has unexpected requirements for stable expression in mycobacteria. In particular, we identified RNA sequence elements immediately downstream ofmcr11that enhance transcription termination and production of mature Mcr11 RNA in TB-complex mycobacteria. Meanwhile, ectopic expression of Mcr11 was unstable in a non-pathogenic strain of mycobacteria, suggesting that factors specific to pathogenic mycobacteria are required for the stable production of Mcr11. These studies identify sRNA stability as a new frontier for understanding gene expression in Mtb.
Electrospinning of pure, native, cross-linker free self-supported collagen membrane
Authors: Dems Dounia , Rodrigues da Silva Julien , Hélary Christophe , Wien Frank , Schanne-Klein Marie-Claire , Laberty-Robert Christel , Krins Natacha , Aimé Carole 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrospinning (ES) is an extremely promising method for the preparation of self-supported membranes for tissue engineering by mimicking the 3D fibrillar structure of the extracellular matrix. Conflicting results about collagen ES in the literature concern the conditions of collagen solubilization to improve electrospinnability, and the use of co-polymers and chemical cross-linkers to stabilize the structure of collagen membranes. Here we report for the first time (1) the ES of pure and native collagen into a self-supported membrane in absence of polymer support and (2) the preservation of the membrane integrity in hydrated media in absence of crosslinker. We use a multiscale approach to characterize collagen native structure at the molecular level using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism, and to investigate collagen hierarchical organization within the self-supported membrane using electron and multiphoton microscopies. Finally, we show that the membranes are perfectly suited for cell adhesion and spreading, making very promising candidates for the development of advanced biomaterials.
Great expectations? Female expatriates’ perceptions of organisational performance and development reviews in supporting access to international assignments
Authors: Shortland Susan , Perkins Stephen J. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of organisational performance and development review policy and practice on women’s access to international careers via long-term expatriate assignments in the oil and gas industry, with a specific focus on women’s perceptions of procedural justice.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative cross-sectional case study research design is used to analyse performance and development review, and international assignment policies in two firms, together with in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 14 Human Resource policy custodians and 21 female long-term current assignees.

Findings
Women assignees do not see performance and development reviews as effective mechanisms to access expatriate roles. Nonetheless, women use these procedures while also operating within senior male networks to signal their desire to expatriate.

Research limitations/implications
This study identifies differences between organisational policy objectives and policy implementation, and female assignees’ experiences and expectations of accessing expatriate roles. Women’s perceptions of organisational justice are not harmed because women place more emphasis on process and conversations than on policy. Research propositions are suggested extending organisational justice theory.

Practical implications
Clear articulation of performance and development review processes aids organisational succession planning. Formalised, transparent expatriate career management supports women’s access to expatriation. The roles of key personnel in determining access to expatriate career paths require clarification.

Originality/value
This paper extends our knowledge of women’s organisationally assigned expatriate careers and perceptions of procedural justice. Women use performance and development reviews to access expatriate opportunities. Employer action aligned to policy intent could help increase female expatriate participation.
The (un)suitability of fair-value accounting in emerging economies: the case of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Lisa-Uyen 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore the suitability and challenges of implementing fair value accounting (FVA) in Vietnam, an emerging/transitioning economy. While such implementation would enable convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards, standard setters and auditors have raised practical concerns about its adoption.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews with regulators and auditors, together with an analysis of two fraud cases that illustrate the business environment in Vietnam. Public, private and capture theories guide the analysis.

Findings
The business and institutional environment in Vietnam creates several impediments to FVA being effectively implemented and transparently applied. Given the major challenges identified regarding the infrastructure necessary for this valuation system, the premature adoption of FVA may become a catalyst for corporate misconduct.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are derived from data aggregated from two fraud cases and interviews, and as such, the results may not be generalisable to other settings. However, these findings may inform future research, particularly after the Ministry of Finance provides further guidance on the use of FVA in Vietnam.

Practical implications
A timely and critical examination of the challenges of implementing FVA in a transitioning economy is provided, and the two fraud cases reveal the complexities of the business environment in Vietnam.

Originality/value
This research gives voice to the tensions that developing countries are confronting as they seek to balance external pressures with internal constraints. The introduction of an assemblage of three theoretical lenses enables insights into contemporary issues associated with applying FVA in such settings.
Knowledge and expertise in care practices: the role of the peer worker in mental health teams
Authors: Oborn Eivor , Barrett Michael , Gibson Sarah , Gillard Steve 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOur research examines how different forms of knowledge and expertise are increasingly important in caring for people experiencing mental illness. We build on theoretical developments regarding multiple ontologies of knowing about illness. We examine how experiential knowledge of mental health problems, learned by being subject to illness rather than through objective study, is enacted in mental healthcare teams. We focus on Peer Workers (PW), individuals who have lived experience of mental health problems, and who contribute knowledge and expertise to mental health care within multidisciplinary healthcare teams. Our longitudinal study was undertaken over 2 years by a multidisciplinary team who conducted 91 interviews withPWand other stakeholders to peer support within a comparative case study design. We show how workers with tacit, experiential knowledge of mental ill health engaged in care practice. First, we show how subjective knowing is underpinned by unique socialisation that enables the development of shared interactional spaces. Second, we point to how the situated nature of subjective knowing is uniquely embedded in time and space and allows for the alignment of embodied knowledge with trajectories of care. Third, we provide insight into how subjective forms of expertise might be incorporated into multidisciplinary care.
Comparative and Correlation Studies of Biochemical Substances in Vitreous Humor and Synovial Fluid
Authors: Srettabunjong Supawon , Thongphap Wantawanop , Chittamma Anchalee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVitreous humor (VH) and synovial fluid (SF) become optional postmortem samples for biochemistry investigation. However, few studies have explored SF as a potential source, and there is still controversy whether the biochemical concentrations in bilateral VH are the same. We explored the concentrations of biochemical substances in both VH and SF, and compared between both sides and between the fluids. We also correlated the biochemical concentrations in both fluids. All samples were centrifuged after collection and the supernatant fluids were used for the analysis. The results indicated no significant difference in the constituent concentrations between the fluids from both sides (p > 0.05). Sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium concentrations were significantly higher in the VH, but in vice versa for glucose, uric acid, and creatinine concentrations (p < 0.001). Sodium, potassium, glucose, lactate, urea, uric acid, and creatinine concentrations between both fluids showed significant correlation (p < 0.05), but not chloride and magnesium concentrations.
Subcritical Fluid Extraction of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds from Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Nuts: Experiments, Modeling, and Optimization
Authors: Bodoira Romina , Velez Alexis , Rovetto Laura , Ribotta Pablo , Maestri Damián , Martínez Marcela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA process to obtain phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties from pistachio nuts using water/ethanol mixture under high temperature and pressure conditions was carried out. To optimize extraction conditions and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds, theoretical models were scanned against experimental data. Phenolic profile was dominated by several flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives. A fitted model for phenolic compounds extraction presented a maximum predicted value under the following conditions: 220 °C extraction temperature, 6.5 MPa pressure, and 50% ethanol. Beneath these conditions, phenolic extracts gave the highest radical scavenging capacity, similar to that reached by using commercial antioxidants. A mathematical model, namely two‐site desorption kinetic model, showed to be suitable for the description of extraction kinetics under the optimal operation conditions. Overall, the process described in this study shows a potential alternative method for extraction of pistachio bioactive compounds.
Practical ApplicationPistachio nuts are known to contain a vast array of phenolic and polyphenolic substances having strong antioxidant properties. Currently, the use of natural antioxidants in the food industry has increased, in consequence there is a growing interest in improving the extraction processes using GRAS (general recognize as safe) solvents. This study describes a safe, inexpensive, and short‐time method (subcritical fluid extraction) to obtain antioxidant extracts from defatted pistachio nuts. This type of process may be adapted toward applications at industrial scale.
An Iron Age ceramic sequence from the Bayt Bin Ati, al‐Ain, UAE
Authors: Power Timothy , Benoist Anne , Sheehan Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRescue excavations associated with the adaptive reuse of a historic building in the Qattara Oasis revealed a 5 m stratigraphic sequence spanning the past 3000 years. The main period of occupation—roughly half the sequence—belongs to the Iron Age II and III periods (c.1100–300 BC). Evidence of agriculture and industry was found which complements our understanding of the well‐known Iron Age settlements of al‐Ain. The present paper sets out the stratigraphic sequence and presents the phased ceramic assemblage, before considering the broader implications for the archaeology of Iron Age south‐east Arabia.
Dwelling(s) in a north‐west Arabian oasis: decoding residential architecture at Taymāʾ
Authors: Weigel Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe definition of an ancient, autochthonous north‐west Arabian residential architecture is still a major void in the archaeology of the region. This preliminary case study is intended to shed some light on this “blind spot” by presenting and analysing the architectural complex E‐b9 from Taymāʾ (c. fourth/third century BCE until the first/early second century CE). A meticulous study of the architecture identified a modular concept as a key to understanding the complex. Furthermore, underlying patterns of household organisation can be deduced from the architectural remains resulting in the definition of potential household units. Those are indicated by a set of activity areas which are congruent with patterns of accessibility and the use of specific wall types. These findings provide insights into the organisation of households and daily life in the oasis of Taymāʾ, and may help to define local or regional traditions in the future.
Acute effects of cannabinoids on addiction endophenotypes are moderated by genes encoding the CB1 receptor and FAAH enzyme
Authors: Hindocha Chandni , Freeman Tom P. , Schafer Grainne , Gardner Chelsea , Bloomfield Michael A.P. , Bramon Elvira , Morgan Celia J.A. , Curran H. Valerie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding genetic factors that contribute to cannabis use disorder (CUD) is important, but to date, findings have been equivocal. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1; rs1049353 and rs806378) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene (rs324420) have been implicated in CUD. Their relationship to addiction endophenotypes such as cannabis‐related state satiety, the salience of appetitive cues, and craving after acute cannabinoid administration has not been investigated. Forty‐eight cannabis users participated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, four‐way crossover experiment where they were administered treatments in a randomized order via vaporization: placebo, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (8 mg), THC + cannabidiol (THC + CBD) (8 + 16 mg), and CBD (16 mg). Cannabis‐related state satiety, appetitive cue salience (cannabis and food), and cannabis craving were assessed each day. Participants were genotyped for rs1049353, rs806378, and rs324420. Results indicated that CNR1 rs1049353 GG carriers showed increased state satiety after THC/THC + CBD administration in comparison with placebo and reduced the salience of appetitive cues after THC in comparison with CBD administration; A carriers did not vary on either of these measures indicative of a vulnerability to CUD. CNR1 rs806378 CC carriers showed greater salience to appetitive cues in comparison with T carriers, but there was no evidence for changes in state satiety. FAAH rs324420 A carriers showed greater bias to appetitive cues after THC, in comparison with CC carriers. FAAH CC carriers showed reduced bias after THC in comparison with CBD. No SNPs modulated craving. These findings identify candidate neurocognitive mechanisms through which endocannabinoid system genetics may influence vulnerability to CUD.
Do electronic health record prompts increase take‐home naloxone administration for emergency department patients after an opioid overdose?
Authors: Marino Ryan , Landau Aaron , Lynch Michael , Callaway Clifton , Suffoletto Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDistribution of take‐home naloxone (THN) to emergency department (ED) patients who have survived an opioid overdose (OD) could reduce future opioid mortality, but is not commonly performed. We examined whether electronic health record (EHR) prompts provided to ED physicians when discharging a patient after an OD could improve THN distribution.DesignInterrupted time–series analysis to compare the percentage of OD patients who received THN during the 11 months before and after implementation of an EHR prompt on 18 June 2017.Setting and participantsA total of 3492 adult patients with diagnoses of OD discharged from nine EDs in a single health system in Western Pennsylvania from July 2016 to April 2018.Intervention and comparatorThe EHR prompt was triggered by the presence of specific terms in the nurse's initial assessment note. The EHR displayed a pop‐up window during the ED physician discharge process asking the physician to consider prescribing or providing naloxone to the patient. The comparator was ‘no EHR prompt’.MeasurementsMeasurements were based on standard criteria from ICD diagnostic codes and chief complaint keywords.FindingsIn July 2016, 16.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.0, 18.5] of OD patients received THN, which decreased every month through June 2017 by 1.2% (P < 0.0001, 95% CI = 0.8,1.7). For each month post‐EHR prompt there was an increase of 2.8% of OD patients receiving THN (P < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.0, 3.5). No increases occurred in the ED with the highest pre‐EHR prompt THN distribution. Rates of THN distribution varied by patient age and race prior to, but not after, implementation of EHR prompts.ConclusionsElectronic health record prompts are associated with increased take‐home naloxone distribution for emergency department patients discharged after opioid overdoses.
Recurrent radiation recall dermatitis triggered by radiological procedures in a patient with breast cancer
Authors: Emre Selma , Demirseren Duriye Deniz , Unal Esranur , Sungu Nuran 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadiation recall dermatitis is an acute inflammatory reaction that occurs on previously irradiated skin by usage of chemotherapeutic agents and other triggering drugs. The recall reaction is usually associated with drugs but may also occur following ultraviolet radiation. We report a patient with radiation recall dermatitis, triggered after imaging procedures that involved radiation.
Nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise affect prostate morphology and hormone receptor interface in adult rats with implications for the aging process
Authors: Gomes F. de C. , Chuffa L. G. de A. , Fávaro W. J. , Scarano W. R. , de Melo‐Neto J. S. , Pinheiro P. F. F. , Domeniconi R. F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNandrolone decanoate (ND) is an anabolic–androgenic steroid, and its indiscriminate use leads to subclinical alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and androgen‐dependent organs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of ND, either alone or in combination with resistance exercise (RE), on the levels of sex hormones, converting enzymes, and steroid receptors and the morphology of the ventral prostate (VP) in adult and aged rats.MethodsForty Sprague–Dawley adult and aged rats were divided into four groups each, sedentary and trained with and without ND. The groups received treatments over 8 weeks. Adult animals were sacrificed immediately following treatment completion, while the aged groups were left untreated until 300 days of age.ResultsAdult and aged animals showed reductions in testosterone levels following the different treatments, and 17β‐estradiol levels were decreased in the ND‐treated groups. The level of 5α‐reductase type 2 (5αR2) and aromatase was increased significantly in the prostates of adult animals that performed RE. However, aromatase levels were decreased in the prostates of aged animals that performed RE and were treated with ND, while 5αR2 levels were reduced in aged animals that performed RE without ND treatment. When sex receptors levels were examined, the aged and trained animals presented low androgen receptor (AR) levels. Estrogen receptors (ERs) levels were increased in the prostates of adult animals that received ND. ERβ levels were reduced after treatments in aged animals. The heights of the prostatic epithelium were reduced in all adult treated animals, coinciding with increases in PCNA and PAR4 levels.DiscussionND and RE alter the levels of hormone, converting enzymes, and sex steroid receptors and the morphology of the VP. These effects were observed in both adult and aged rats.ConclusionND, either with or without RE, during post‐puberty stage is able to interfere with the morphophysiology of the prostate.