bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on reaction rates for 2T SF6 plasma: application to chemical kinetics of a decaying arc in high voltage circuit breakers
Authors: Baumann X , Teulet Ph , Cressault Y , Bultel A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work is devoted to the study and comparison of theories to calculate densities of chemical species in a SF6 plasma in thermal non equilibrium conditions. The limits of the 2T law of mass action are shown. Then, the reaction rates are studied for several types of processes and they are implemented in a chemical kinetic model to acess the composition of the plasma. Finally, a comparison with the densities obtained with the law of mass action is performed and the results are discussed.
Analysis of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) regime transition in Ar-CO2/O2 shielding gases
Authors: Castillon Quentin , Wartel Maxime , Pellerin Nadia , Pellerin Stéphane , Faubert François , Planckaert Jean-Pierre , Briand Francis 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An experimental study on MIG-MAG welding in reverse polarity (anode wire) has been implemented to analyse the influence of the active gas type and composition on the welding process. The analysis of the arc column using optical emission spectroscopy and high speed imaging completed by µ-structural study of the electrode wire by EDS/XRD and EPMA methods have provided helpful explanations on the globular/spray mode transition depending of the active gas in the shielding gas. These results highlight the existence of an oxide layer (“gangue”) and the modification of the typology of this one in globular mode according to the active gas (Ar/CO2 or Ar/O2) probably responsible of the globular/spray mode transfer by modification of the electrical/thermal conductivities of the oxide layer. Spectroscopic analysis reveals modification by an arc constriction in Ar/O2 mixtures and linked to a more prominent drop of the electronic temperature along the arc column axis. With this active gas, analysis of the Fe I / Ar I emissivity ratio show a higher metal vapours content responsible for the temperature drop by their strong radiative emission along the arc column.
Anisotropic plasma etching of Silicon in gas chopping process by alternating steps of oxidation and etching
Authors: Miakonkikh A.V. , Averkin S.N. , Rudenko K.V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the present work a two-stage process for deep anisotropic etching of Silicon based on alternating steps of etching in SF6 plasma and passivation of Silicon surface by oxidation in O2 plasma is proposed. This developed Ox-Etch process has advantages of being free from deposited polymers on sidewalls and does not use cryogenic equipment. Etched structures show anisotropic profile with vertical scalloped walls similar to Bosch and STiGer processes. Selectivity of Silicon etch process with respect to SiO2 mask is up to 120:1. The investigations of etching results depending on process parameters are presented. Main control parameters for Ox-Etch process defining the etch rate and degree of anisotropy are the durations of etch and oxidation steps.
The attitude of beef cattle farmers to biosecurity adoption
Authors: Lestari V S , Rahardja D P , Mappigau P , St Rohani  , Sirajuddin S N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research is to know beef cattle farmers’ attitude toward biosecurity in Lamasi Subdistrict, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Total samples were 32 beef cattle farmers who were chosen purposively. The data were collected through observation and interview using questionnaire. There were 9 questions. Every question has three answers. Likert scale was used: 1 for disagree, 2 for less agree, and 3 for agree. The data were analysed descriptively using mean and frequency distribution. The research revealed that beef cattle farmers less agree on the application of biosecurity. In other words, beef cattle farmers have a negative attitude toward biosecurity adoption. The implication of this research is the need for cooperation between government, privates, and farmers’ participation to apply biosecurity to produce healthy meat.
Interrelated model of farmer behaviour and agricultural resources in the development of ginger agribusiness at the on-farm level
Authors: Widayati W , Abdullah W G , Romantiaulia W I , Mihrad E S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ginger agribusiness has business prospects that can increase farmers’ income, open employment opportunities and reduce poverty. The problem in the development of ginger agribusiness is the absence of studies on farmer behaviour at the on-farm level and its interaction with agricultural resources. For this reason, it is necessary to map the behaviour of farmers in cultivation, yield processing and marketing of ginger, and interrelate the behaviour of farmers with agricultural resources in ginger agribusiness. Mapping behaviour of farmers includes knowledge, attitudes, and skills in cultivation, processing, and marketing. In the next stage, technology insemination and ginger agribusiness development models are needed. The results showed that the behaviour of ginger farmers at the on-farm level was in the medium and high category in six villages in Moramo Subdistrict. The potential of ginger farmers was the experience of ginger cultivation and interest in business development. Supporting factors of ginger agribusiness include land ownership, land suitability, and availability of ginger seeds. The constraints of ginger agribusiness development were weather changes and price fluctuations. The model of ginger agribusiness development needs to be directed at strengthening the capacity of farmers, partnerships and value-added products to increase the competitiveness of ginger.
Participation in empowering institutions and influencing factors of rural household income
Authors: Zulfida I , Lindawati L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The major economic activity in rural areas is agriculture, which plays an important role as environmental conservation and natural resource sites. Participatory rural development through empowerment programs is considered to increase rural household income. Bandung District is one of the regions that have implemented empowerment programs due to its relatively high poverty rates. The level of poverty reduction in Bandung District tends to slow down. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the influencing factors of the rural households’ income level under empowerment programs. Research method using the Multiple Regression Model. The results of the study revealed that the household income is significant influences by the age, education, and participation in the empowering institutions.
Economic analysis of using duckweed as feed supplement in the commercial rations of native chickens
Authors: Syampurnomo A , Prayoga Y , Sembiring M , Fajar D , Rosaldi R , Ginting R , Pratama A , Sayed U , Ginting J , Henuk Y L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Native chickens is considered to be a very important species of poultry in determining the profitability of keeping native chickens in Indonesia in agribusiness. The main objective of this study was to study the economic analysis of using duckweed as a feed supplement in the rations of native chickens. 100 native chickens used in this study and they were kept in a litter system confinement lined with rice chaff using wire mesh as their walls. The study was used a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replicates. The following treatments were used: T0 as control = commercial feed without duckweed; T1 = T0 + 10% duckweed; T2 = T0 + 20% duckweed; T3 = T0 + 30% duckweed; and T4 = T0 + 40% duckweed. The benefit-cost (B/C) ratio of native chickens recorded for T0, T1,T2, T3, T4 were 0.91, 1.02, 1.24, 1.47, and 1.46, respectively. The higher B/C ratio in case of native chickens in our study indicated that native chickens rearing was much more profitable when using duckweed as the feed supplement in their rations between 10 - 40%.
The Implementation of government rice reserve policy: based on presidential instruction on rice policy
Authors: Sembiring S A , Sibuea P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rice sector has been subject to a number of policy interventions in Asia due to the economic and political importance of rice. The objective of this study is to describe the implementation of the government’s rice reserve policy based on the Presidential Instruction on rice policy. Result of the study show that: (1) the highest distribution of government rice reserves for rice market operation at 26,555 tons/month in Presidential Instruction No. 13/2005, (2) the highest distribution of government rice reserves for emergencies at 1.237 tons/month in Presidential Instruction No. 7/2009, 3) the average rate of growth in government purchased of price dried harvest paddy, government purchased of price dried milled paddy and government purchased price of rice at 16,21 %, 15.18 % and 13.10 % respectively, (8) the maximum water content of dried harvest paddy, dried milled paddy and rice is 25%, 14% and 14% respectively and the maximum empty grain of dried harvest paddy and dried milled paddy is 10% and 3% respectively (9) the maximum broken grain and minor degree is 20%, 2% respectively whereas the minimum milling degree for rice 95%, and (10) there is a positive relationship between the quality requirements paddy and the Government Purchasing Price.
Design of curcuma chips dryer by utilizing the waste heat of commercial refrigerator condenser
Authors: Panggabean S , Sibarani D M , Sigalingging R , Rindang A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Curcuma is one of herb plant and also ingredients for cosmetic products. Curcuma can be dried by other heat source like the waste heat of commercial refrigerator condenser. The results showed the enthalpy heat the refrigerator condenser with the addition of fan is 96,53 kJ kg-1 and potential value is 5281,704kJ hours−1. The capacity of the 2,4 kg day−1 with drying time 24 hour. Water content reach 8,26%.
Crop coefficient and water requirement for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) on the nursery based on radiation evaporation method
Authors: Ichwan N , Fajra A M , Marbun S M , Sumono  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Water requirements of oil palm close to crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The objectives of this research were to known the value of crop coefficient for the age of oil palm 4, 5 and 6 month and predicted water requirements of oil palm based on net radiation evaporation method. The result showed the value of oil palm for 4, 5, and 6 months were 0.50, 0.52, and 0.54. The value of reference evaporation (net radiation, ETo) range 2.89-4.25 mm.day−1. Moreover, from predicted crop evapotranspiration showed that water requirements of oil palm range 1.44-3.70 mm.day−1. Water requirements increasing based on the age of oil palm, however, it will decrease in the rainy season.
The effect of giving mannan extract from palm kernel cake to pathology and histopathology liver and intestine chicken which infected by Salmonella thypimurium
Authors: Adawiyah T J , Tafsin M , Hanafi N D , Sari T V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Salmonella thypimurium is an enteric disease in poultry and still a major problem in the livestock industry and human health because it is zoonotic. Mannan Oligosaccharide was originated from palm kernel cake which expected to replace the role of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of giving mannan extract to relative weight of liver and intestine, pathology and histopathology changes on liver and intestines from broiler chicken. This test was used ninety six broiler chicken of 1 day age Cobb strain infected orally with 105 CFU S. thypimurium on the third day. Levels of the mannan extract given were 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and antibiotic as controls. The results showed that giving of mannan extract to relative weight of liver and intestine was not significant (P> 0.05). On the observation the effect of giving mannan extract to pathology and histopathology showed that it was not significant (P> 0.05) It is concluded that mannan extract is safe to use in livestock because it was not affected to the intestine and liver organ.
Effect of fasting time before slaughtering on body weight loss and carcass percentage of Bali cattle
Authors: Hafid H , Hasnudi  , Bain H A , Nasiu F , Inderawati  , Patriani P , Ananda S H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study aimed to examine the effect of fasting on weight loss and percentage of carcasses of Bali cattle. The study was designed in a randomized block design, where the pre-deduction is consisted of without fasting (P0), fasting 12 hours (P1), fasting time 18 hours (P2), and fasting time 24 hours (P3). Life weight grouping. The results showed that: 1) fasting time before cutting significantly affected the weight loss of Bali cattle. The longer the fasting time, the greater the weight loss of life, (2) the fasting time to 24 hours does not affect the percentage of carcass and percentage of carcass. It can be concluded that the longer the fasting time of Bali cattle, the greater the decrease in life weight, but no significant effect on the percentage of carcass and percentage of carcass.
Biogas slurry application on Sesbania grandiflora: A microbial transportation to improve plant quality
Authors: Ginting Nurzainah , Hasnudi  , Yunilas  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Slurry of biogas contains microorganisms that assist the preparation of nutrients for soil as well as for plant. This study aims to prove that the slurry biogas microbial can improve the quality of Turi plant sprout (Sesbania grandiflora). This research was conducted from April to May 2018 using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments which were slurry dosages; i.e T0: without slurry; T1: slurry dosage of 500 ml every 1 m3 plant media; T2: slurry dosage of 1000 ml slurry every 1 m3 plant media. There were 4 replications. Parameters were chemical composition of slurry, microbial population, plant height, total leaf, number of branch and stem diameter. The results showed that T0, T1 had no significant effect on every parameters while T2 improved total of leaf and number of branch (P <0.05). There was a sicnificant increasing of microbial population in line with the increasing of slurry dosage. T2 contained the highest population of bacteria or fungal (P <0.05) compared to T0 or T1.
The effect of Panorusan Samosir goat characteristics on its selling price in Sub-district Pangururan, Samosir Regency
Authors: Mirwandhono E , Hakim A K , Ginting Nurzainah , Sembiring I , Yunilas  , Hamdan  , Patriani P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Panorusan Samosir goat is an endemic goat of Samosir which is used by local people as sacrificed animal. The objective of this study was to investigate Panorusan Samosir goat characteristics, i.e. Colour, sex, age, weight, and number of demand on the goat selling price. This study was conducted in Pangururan sub district of Samosir Regency for 2 months, i.e. from April 2018 until May 2018. This study used primary data and secondary data either qualitative or quantitative. The independent variables were colour, sex, age, weight, body condition score (bcs) and number of demand, while dependent variable was selling price. Based on the results of the study that independent variable which were colour, sex, age, bcs and number of demand affect selling price significantly (P<0.05). From the results of the determination test, the value of R Square was 0.696 (69.6%), it means that the colour, age, and weight affect the selling price of the goats, but the effect is not too strong at 69.6% and the rest were influenced by other variables
Synergism of cellulolytic bacteria in consortium as starter culture agent “MOIYL” for fiber feed
Authors: Wahyuni T H , Yunilas  , Ginting Nurzainah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study aimed to examine the synergism of cellulolytic cellulosic consortium degrading cellulose as a fibrous starter culture agent. The study used streak plate method on nutrient agar medium [NA]. The isolated bacterial isolates were isolates of potential cellulolytic bacteria isolated from oil palm plantation waste, corn, and coconut wastes, namely: Bsp1, BJ1, BJ2, BP3, BP6, BP11, BP13, and BP16. The isolates were scratched on the nutrient agar medium [NA] and incubated for 24 hours. Observations were made there was a clear zone or inhibit zone between two isolates that intersect. The results showed that from 8 isolates tested 5 isolates can synergize well against other isolates. Conclusion: naturally, the cellulolytic isolate from oil palm waste, corn waste, and coconut waste can be consortium as starter culture agent “MOIYL” for fibrous feed.
Diversity of plant community at Gunung Ledang, Malaysia
Authors: Onrizal O , Ismail S N , Mansor M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gunung Ledang National Park (GLNP) is one of national parks in Peninsular Malaysia. The forest in GLNP is rich in biodiversity which harboring various species as well as important for upstream water regulation and subsequent climate change mitigation. A rapid assessment of plant communities and diversity at the park was carried out in June 2014. Five sampling sites were identified based on elevation gradient. Overall, 68 plant species representing 58 genera and 35 families were recorded for all study sites. In each site, the plant species ranged from 15 to 32 species. The plant families with largest number of species in the studied sites were Euphorbiaceae (12 species) and Myrtaceae (5 species). The plant diversity in each site ranged from 2.7 to 3.5 based on Shannon diversity index. Three plant communities of the park separated out: lower (L1 and L2), middle (L3 and L6) and upper (L10) plant communities. Some exotic invasive species had been recorded and they were rated as natural vegetation. It is important to consider them as invasive species because of the obvious negative impacts on local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of the pristine GLNP; and some actions are needed to remove them.
Productivity of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on media corncobs mixed with sawdust
Authors: Rambey R , Sitepu I D B , Siregar E B M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Mushrooms live wild in nature and widely used by the community as food and medicinal. Mushroom cultivation is a way to meet the growing demand for mushroom consumption. Oyster mushroom can grow in medium containing lignin and nutrients needed for the growth of mushrooms. The purpose of the study was to measure the effect of mixture corncob with sawdust as planting media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) and get the best planting media composition for growth and productivity of white oyster mushroom. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. Corncob are added as much 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The results showed that the best composition of growing media for the growth and productivity of white oyster mushroom is the addition of 30% corncob. Mixed corncob 30% have lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose levels more optimal for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms.
Aloe vera and lemon juice capability in decreasing formaldehyde content in tofu sumedang with cold storaging
Authors: Daniela C , Rusmarilin H , Sinaga H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Formalin compounds are carcinogenic but are often used as preservatives for foods such tofu, which is harmful to health. This study aims to determine the concentration, soaking time of Aloe vera and lemon juice and the duration of cold storage to decrease formalin in tofu Sumedang. In this study, tofu was soaked in 5% formalin. Formalin tofu soaked with aloe and lemon juice in comparison (100%:0%, 80%:20%, 60%:40%, 40%:60%, 20%:80%, 0%:100%) and long immersion (30, 60, 90 (minutes)). Tofu with the best comparison and soaking is stored in cold storage (10 °C) for 0, 3, 6 and 9 (days). The results showed that 100% Aloe vera with 90 minutes immersion reduced formalin levels by 65,82%, formalin residues by 28.777ppm, texture (5.592 (N/cm2), pH (5.273), brightness (84.287) and color index (83.519). Search results for cold storage for as long as 3, 6, 9 (days) respectively, formalin (26.261 ppm, 25.510 ppm, 23,440 ppm), texture (5.104, 4.325, 2.758), pH (5.043, 4.62, 3.92), mirror (79.916, 79.803, 79.410) and colour index (82.988, 83.514, 83.699). Aloe vera juice 100% containing saponin levels of 570µg/ml was more effective in removing formalin levels in Sumedang tofu because saponins as surfactants that bind formalin and air-soluble.
A comparison studies on the chemical characteristics of pumpkin seed oil with extra virgin olive oil and palm olein
Authors: Agustina N A , Elisabeth J , Julianti E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This research aims to determine chemical compositions and characteristics of pumpkin seed oils (PSO) in comparison with the characteristics of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and palm olein. The results showed pumpkin seed oil has high unsaturated fatty acid (81.70%) with major fatty acid was linoleic acid (47.80%), extra virgin olive oil has oleic acid 77.70% and palm olein rich palmitate acid 37.20%. Chemical characteristics of PSO, EVOO and palm oil show such as iodine value were 111.74 g I2 / 100g, 76.85 g I2 / 100g and 59.34 g I2 / 100g. Total phenolic content were 58.27 mg gallic acid equivalent / g oil, 176.09 mg gallic acid equivalent / g oil and 117.10 mg gallic acid equivalent / g oil. Total tocopherol were 240.18 µg/g oil, 459.07 µg/g oil and 559.78 µg/g oil. Antioxidant activity were 35.50%, 51.83% and 73.30%. Pumpkin seed oil has good oxidation stability to be utilized in the food industry, high unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherol is ability to using in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics and other industrial application.
The effect of pre-treatment in orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flour manufacturing process on cake’s quality
Authors: Azzahra S , Julianti E , Karo-Karo T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Orange-fleshed sweet potato can be processed into flour to increase its economic value and used in a wide variety of food, such as cake. This research was carried out in order to identify the effect of pre-treatment in orange-fleshed sweet potato flour manufacturing process on cake’s quality and also to know the antioxidant activity and digestibility index from the flour and cake. This research was carried out with randomized block design with single factor which consisted of four methods, i.e. soaking in 2000 ppm ascorbic acid solution for 15 minutes followed by steam blanching for 5 minutes, soaking in 2000 ppm ascorbic acid solution for 15 minutes, steam blanching for 5 minutes and without pretreatment (control). The best pre-treatment was obtained by soaking in 2000 ppm ascorbic acid solution for 15 minutes. Antioxidant activity and digestibility index were analysed on flour and cake with the best pre-treatment. The measured antioxidant activity IC50 value) of orange-fleshed sweet potato flour and cake with the best treatment were 164.16μg/ml and 206.85μg/ml respectively, while the digestibility index of the cake was 46.96%.