bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death Enables and Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Duan Xiaopin , Chan Christina , Lin Wenbin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCancer immunotherapies that train or stimulate the inherent immunological systems to recognize, attack, and eradicate tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy cells have demonstrated promising clinical responses in recent years. However, most of these immunotherapeutic strategies only benefit a small subset of patients and cause systemic autoimmune side effects in some patients. Immunogenic cell death (ICD)‐inducing modalities not only directly kill cancer cells but also induce antitumor immune responses against a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Such strategies for generating vaccine‐like functions could be used to stimulate a “cold” tumor microenvironment to become an immunogenic, “hot” tumor microenvironment, working in synergy with immunotherapies to increase patient response rates and lead to successful treatment outcomes. This Minireview will focus on nanoparticle‐based treatment modalities that can induce and enhance ICD to potentiate cancer immunotherapy.
Site‐Selective C−S Bond Formation at C−Br over C−OTf and C−Cl Enabled by an Air‐Stable, Easily Recoverable, and Recyclable Palladium(I) Catalyst
Authors: Scattolin Thomas , Senol Erdem , Yin Guoyin , Guo Qianqian , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis report widens the repertoire of emerging PdI catalysis to carbon–heteroatom, that is, C−S bond formation. While Pd0‐catalyzed protocols may suffer from the formation of poisonous sulfide‐bound off‐cycle intermediates and lack of selectivity, the mechanistically diverse PdI catalysis concept circumvents these challenges and allows for C−S bond formation (S–aryl and S–alkyl) of a wide range of aryl halides. Site‐selective thiolations of C−Br sites in the presence of C−Cl and C−OTf were achieved in a general and a priori predictable fashion. Computational, spectroscopic, X‐ray, and reactivity data support dinuclear PdI catalysis to be operative. Contrary to air‐sensitive Pd0, the active PdI species was easily recovered in the open atmosphere and subjected to multiple rounds of recycling.
Collaborative governance for the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Florini Ann , Pauli Markus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe advent of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals has refocused global attention on the roles of business and other nonstate actors in achieving global goals. Often, business involvement takes the form of collaborations with the more traditional actors—governments and non‐governmental organizations. Although such partnerships for development have been seen before, the scale and expectations are new. This paper explores how and why these cross‐sector collaborations are evolving, and what steps can or should be taken to ensure that partnerships create public and private value. The arguments are illustrated with reference to cases of market‐driven partnerships for agriculture in Southeast Asia that are intended to engage marginalized smallholder farmers in global value chains in agriculture. The aims of these cross‐sector collaborations coincide with several targets of the Sustainable Development Goals such as poverty alleviation, decreasing environmental impact, and achieving food security. This is a hard case for mechanisms intended to protect public interests, given that the target beneficiaries (low‐income smallholder farmers and the environment) are unable to speak effectively for themselves. We find that structures and processes to align interests in ways that protect the public interest are both necessary and feasible, though not easy to achieve.
Two‐Dimensional Materials for Antimicrobial Applications: Graphene Materials and Beyond
Authors: Sun Wei , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince the “birth” of graphene in 2004, two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted unprecedented research interest from scientists and have stimulated numerous applications in various fields, such as electronic/optical devices, energy storage, catalysis, sensors, and biomedicine. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the antimicrobial applications of 2D materials, such as graphene materials (GMs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), MXenes, black phosphorus (BP), and their derivatives. This review also correlates the unique physicochemical properties of 2D materials with their antimicrobial activities. Finally, some current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also presented.
The misjudgment of criminal responsibility
Authors: Beattey Robert A. , Fondacaro Mark R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGenerally, a criminal statute must consist of two essential elements: a description of the forbidden act (actus reus) and a designation of a guilty mental state (mens rea). For a crime to be committed, an individual must commit the forbidden act with the culpable mental state. For any criminal act, both criminal liability and the possible punishment turn largely on retrospective judgments by legal decision‐makers about what a defendant was or was not thinking at the time of committing the forbidden act. Given the central and foundational nature of this legal judgment, there is surprisingly little empirical study of how the mens rea construct functions. Shen and colleagues have studied the reliability of mock jurors' ability to distinguish between the various mental state categories defined in the Model Penal Code and have identified some support for jurors' ability to reliably sort “guilty minds” into their “correct” categories (Shen, Hoffman, Jones, Greene, & Marois, ). The present study builds on this work by examining mock jurors' ability to reliably and “accurately” judge a defendant's mens rea at the time of an offense under conditions reflecting how criminal jurors are tasked with judging a defendant's mens rea. It was hypothesized that folk psychology models of human behavior that generally presume a high degree of personal control and responsibility would bias individuals' judgments of others' criminal behavior in the direction of reflecting intentional and purposeful conduct. Overall, results demonstrate that, in a surprisingly high percentage of cases across many conditions, individual decision‐makers are indeed likely to attribute the most culpable mental state (purpose) to defendants, even when the facts on the record are judged by legal experts to depict no more than negligent or reckless conduct.
Electrochemical Applications of Microphase‐Separated Block Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Ito Takashi , Ghimire Govinda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this review, we discuss electrochemical applications of electrode‐supported thin films derived from microphase‐separated block copolymers (BCPs). In contrast to conventional homopolymers used for electrode modification, BCPs afford periodic nanoscale structures (microdomains) of uniform dimensions (5–100 nm) and predictable morphologies, which can be controlled by adjusting the lengths of individual homopolymer segments. BCPs usable for electrochemical applications consist of two or more segments that form solute‐permeable, redox‐active or etchable microdomains and a chemically inert matrix. The resulting microdomains afford nanoscale molecular/charge transport pathways toward the underlying electrode, whereas the matrix serves as a scaffold to improve film stability in solution. These polymeric thin films provide a unique means for fabricating nanowire arrays via template‐based electrochemical synthesis, designing electrochemical sensors with unique selectivity, and constructing electrochemically‐tunable functional materials.
Randomized controlled trial of an oral appliance (SomnoDent) for sleep‐disordered breathing and cardiac function in patients with heart failure
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroki , Kasai Takatoshi , Suda Shoko , Yatsu Shoichiro , Shitara Jun , Murata Azusa , Kato Takao , Hiki Masaru , Yanagisawa Naotake , Fujibayashi Kazutoshi , Nojiri Shuko , Nishizaki Yuji , Shinohara Mitsuyo , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn patients with heart failure (HF), sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is a common comorbidity and a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes. SDB can be ameliorated by continuous positive airway pressure; however, inadequate adherence remains a major cause of treatment failure. On the other hand, the efficacy of oral appliance (OA) has been proved in orthodontics and otolaryngology, although the efficacy of OA in patients with HF remains to be elucidated. This trial aims to determine the efficacy of OA for SDB in patients with HF. Patients with HF undergoing optimal medical therapy who were diagnosed as having SDB (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 10 and percentage of central AHI per total AHI ≤ 70%) by using polysomnography (PSG) will be enrolled in the present study. Either patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤ 50%) or HF with preserved ejection fraction (history of hospitalization because of acute decompensated HF) or plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level ≥ 100 pg/mL will be included. Each patient will be randomly assigned into active OA or sham OA. PSG, laboratory, and echocardiographic data will be obtained after 3 months of intervention. The main outcome measures are AHI, plasma BNP, and E/e’ determined with echocardiography. Furthermore, overnight urinary catecholamine, 6‐min walk distance, Epworth sleepiness scale, and health‐related quality of life will be assessed simultaneously.This trial started on April 1, 2017, and the projected end date is March 31, 2019. This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000025731).
Enhanced Crystallinity of Low‐Temperature Solution‐Processed SnO2 for Highly Reproducible Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jing , Bu Tongle , Liu Yifan , Zhou Jing , Shi Jielin , Ku Zhiliang , Peng Yong , Zhong Jie , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Huang Fuzhi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLow‐temperature solution‐processed SnO2 as a promising electron‐transport material for planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted particular attention because of its outstanding properties such as high optical transparency or high electron mobility. However, low‐temperature sol–gel processes used in the synthesis are inevitably affected by the humidity of the atmosphere, which results in a wide distribution in the performance of the prepared PSCs owing to the inability to control crystallinity and defects. Herein, a highly crystalline SnO2 film is synthesized using a simple water bath post‐treatment, which can remove the surface residuals of SnCl4 on the SnO2 films, which is beneficial for the interface charge transport from the perovskite to the SnO2 electron‐transport layer. An improved performance of the PSCs can be easily obtained applying this treatment, giving rise to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.17 %, much higher than that of the pristine SnO2‐based device (17.59 %). Most importantly, the reproducibility of the devices has been greatly improved, independent of the environmental humidity. Therefore, the enhanced crystallinity of SnO2 has shown promise for future commercial PSC applications: 5 cm×5 cm PSC modules have achieved a PCE of 16.16 %.
Addressing space‐constraint driven selfishness in smart opportunistic environment
Authors: Sobin C.C. , Raychoudhury Vaskar , Saha Snehanshu 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA smart opportunistic environment is a physical space, which allows the smart physical objects to communicate in the presence of disruption in connectivity. Because, the objects in such an environment are buffer constrained, some of the objects will not participate in data forwarding, when there is scarcity of storage (buffer) space. In this paper, we focus on such selfish behavior of objects triggered by space constraints in a smart opportunistic environment. We propose a novel data forwarding algorithm, selfishness and buffer‐aware routing (SBR), in which a node is chosen as a relay, based on its capability, which is a function of its available buffer space and past encounter history (delivery predictability) with the destination. SBR can efficiently utilize the limited buffer space in a node with a buffer management scheme, WSD. It can also detect space constraint driven selfish behavior of nodes and resolve it using a reputation‐based technique, MSD. We have conducted simulation using both synthetic and real‐world traces for evaluating our proposed SBR algorithm. For analyzing the performance of the algorithm in real‐time, a smart vehicular test‐bed is developed. Simulation results and test‐bed implementation show that our algorithm performs better in terms of higher delivery ratio, lower overhead ratio, and lower delivery delay, compared with existing opportunistic data forwarding algorithms.
Concepts toward directing human astroplasticity to promote neuroregeneration
Authors: Patel Rajan , Muir Matthew , Cvetkovic Caroline , Krencik Robert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAstrocytes exhibit dynamic and complex reactions to various insults. Recently, investigations into the transitions that occur during cellular specification, differentiation, maturation, and disease responses have provided insights into understanding the mechanisms that underlie these altered states of reactivity and function. Here we summarize current concepts in how astrocyte state transitions, termed astroplasticity, are regulated, as well as how this affects neural circuit function through extracellular signaling. We postulate that a promising future approach toward enhancing functional repair after injury and disease would be to steer astrocytes away from an inhibitory response and toward one that is beneficial to neuroplasticity and neuroregeneration. Toward this goal, we discuss emerging biotechnological advancements, with a focus on human pluripotent stem cell bioengineering, which has high potential for effective manipulation and control of astroplasticity. Highlights include innovations in cellular transdifferentiation techniques, nanomedicine, organoid and three‐dimensional (3D) spheroid microcircuit development, and the use of biomaterials to influence the extracellular environment. Current barriers and future applications are also summarized in order to augment the design of future preclinical trials aimed toward astrocyte‐targeted neuroregeneration with a concept termed astrocellular therapeutics. Developmental Dynamics 248:21–33, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Left atrial volume and cardiovascular outcomes in systolic heart failure: effect of antithrombotic treatment
Authors: Di Tullio Marco R. , Qian Min , Thompson John L.P. , Labovitz Arthur J. , Mann Douglas L. , Sacco Ralph L. , Pullicino Patrick M. , Freudenberger Ronald S. , Teerlink John R. , Graham Susan , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Levin Bruce , Mohr Jay P. , Buchsbaum Richard , Estol Conrado J. , Lok Dirk J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. , Homma Shunichi ,   for the WARCEF Investigators
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsLeft atrium (LA) dilation is associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Blood stasis, thrombus formation and atrial fibrillation may occur, especially in heart failure (HF) patients. It is not known whether preventive antithrombotic treatment may decrease the incidence of CV events in HF patients with LA enlargement.We investigated the relationship between LA enlargement and CV outcomes in HF patients and the effect of different antithrombotic treatments.Methods and resultsTwo‐dimensional echocardiography with LA volume index (LAVi) measurement was performed in 1148 patients with systolic HF from the Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction (WARCEF) trial. Patients were randomized to warfarin or aspirin and followed for 3.4 ± 1.7 years. While the primary aim of the trial was a composite of ischaemic stroke, death, and intracerebral haemorrhage, the present report focuses on the individual CV events, whose incidence was compared across different LAVi and treatment subgroups.After adjustment for demographics and clinical covariates, moderate or severe LA enlargement was significantly associated with total death (hazard ratio 1.6 and 2.7, respectively), CV death (HR 1.7 and 3.3), and HF hospitalization (HR 2.3 and 2.6) but not myocardial infarction (HR 1.0 and 1.4) or ischaemic stroke (1.1 and 1.5). The increased risk was observed in both patients treated with warfarin or aspirin. In warfarin‐treated patients, a time in therapeutic range >60% was associated with lower event rates, and an interaction between LAVi and time in therapeutic range was observed for death (P = 0.034).ConclusionsIn patients with systolic HF, moderate or severe LA enlargement is associated with death and HF hospitalization despite treatment with antithrombotic medications. The possibility that achieving a more consistent therapeutic level of anticoagulation may decrease the risk of death requires further investigation.
Preliminary Results About the Use of Argon and Carbon Dioxide in the Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) Storage to Extend Oil Shelf Life: Chemical and Sensorial Point of View
Authors: Sanmartin Chiara , Venturi Francesca , Macaluso Monica , Nari Anita , Quartacci Mike F. , Sgherri Cristina , Flamini Guido , Taglieri Isabella , Ascrizzi Roberta , Andrich Gianpaolo , Zinnai Angela 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of different inert gases, other than nitrogen, to develop a preservation method that can maintain the high quality of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) increasing its shelf life. The EVOO is stored in the dark at 12 °C in glass containers for about 9 months, and Ar and CO2 are selected as alternative head‐space gases in comparison with air. While the acidity remains constant during the whole observation period, the oxidation‐sensitive parameters show significant differences over time as a function of the gas composition. After only 2 months of storage, the oil stored under air shows a marked decrease of quality, while the use of inert gases slows oxidative degradation and Ar‐treatment best preserves overall oil quality. Compared to samples stored under Ar, at the end of storage the air treatment reduces the phenolic content as well as the antioxidant capacity by 12.0% and 31.3%, respectively, and results in an increase in the peroxide value and K232 of 51.7% and 35.4%, respectively. As CO2 determines a significant negative aftertaste development in oil, it is possible to conclude that this gas cannot be profitably used to optimize EVOO storage conditions.Practical Applications: The identification of an inert gas other than nitrogen able to slow down the oxidative degradation of EVOO both from sensory and chemical points of view, can contribute to identify some possible new strategy to be applied for EVOO long‐term storage at industrial and market level. According to the preliminary results described in this short communication, it should be interesting to better explore the suitability of the total or partial replacement of nitrogen with argon in EVOO storage and packaging. In this context, as the extra‐cost related to food‐grade Ar utilization in comparison with N2 appears close to 17%, the next step of our research will be further investigating also the economic feasibility of the possible combination packaging/storage head‐space atmosphere adopted as a function of specific industrial goal.Experimental conditions adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of different inert gases, other than nitrogen, to develop a preservation method that can maintain the high quality of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) increasing its shelf life. The EVOO is stored in the dark at 12 °C in glass containers for about 9 months, and Ar and CO2 are selected as alternative head‐space gases in comparison with air.
A nonlinear visco‐elastoplastic model for structural pounding
Authors: Bamer Franz , Markert Bernd 
Published: July 2018

SummaryState‐of‐the‐art pounding formulations do not consider eventual damage‐induced changes regarding the collision description during an excitation time history. In particular, in case of multiple collisions, the pounding models remain unaltered. Thus, in this paper, a new pounding formulation is presented, whereby the state‐of‐the‐art nonlinear viscoelastic model is enhanced by a dry friction element. This extension enables the description of degradation of collision surfaces by introducing an additional offset penetration parameter to the standard gap function. The phenomenological model of the new pounding formulation and the new corresponding pounding condition is presented and demonstrated on an illustrative numerical example. It is shown that the new formulation is capable of describing permanent damage effects caused by pounding collisions while preserving the desired physical properties of the nonlinear viscoelastic model.
Lie symmetry analysis and numerical solutions for thermosolutal chemically reacting radiative micropolar flow from an inclined porous surface
Authors: Shamshuddin MD. , Mishra S.R. , Bég O. Anwar , Kadir Ali 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSteady, laminar, incompressible thermosolutal natural convection flow of micropolar fluid from an inclined perforated surface with convective boundary conditions is studied. Thermal radiative flux and chemical reaction effects are included to represent phenomena encountered in high‐temperature materials synthesis operations. Rosseland's diffusion approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. A Lie scaling group transformation is implemented to derive a self‐similar form of the partial differential conservation equations. The resulting coupled nonlinear boundary value problem is solved with Runge‐Kutta fourth order numerical quadrature (shooting technique). Validation of solutions with an optimized Adomian decomposition method algorithm is included. Verification of the accuracy of shooting is also conducted as a particular case of nonreactive micropolar flow from a vertical permeable surface. The evolution of velocity, angular velocity (microrotation component), temperature, and concentration are examined for a variety of parameters including coupling number, plate inclination angle, suction/injection parameter, radiation‐conduction parameter, Biot number, and reaction parameter. Numerical results for steady‐state skin friction coefficient, couple stress coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are tabulated and discussed. Interesting features of the hydrodynamic, heat and mass transfer characteristics are examined.
Should we use linearized models to calculate fiscal multipliers?
Authors: Lindé Jesper , Trabandt Mathias 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe calculate the magnitude of the government consumption multiplier in linearized and nonlinear solutions of a New Keynesian model at the zero lower bound. Importantly, the model is amended with real rigidities to simultaneously account for the macroeconomic evidence of a low Phillips curve slope and the microeconomic evidence of frequent price changes. We show that the nonlinear solution is associated with a much smaller multiplier than the linearized solution in long‐lived liquidity traps, and pin down the key features in the model which account for the difference. Our results caution against the common practice of using linearized models to calculate fiscal multipliers in long‐lived liquidity traps.