bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using correspondence analysis to evaluate consumer terminology and understand the effects of smoking method and type of wood on the sensory perception of smoked meat
Authors: Sharma Chetan , Swaney‐Stueve Marianne , Severns Bryan , Talavera Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt has been established that consumers are capable of hedonic judgments, but their role beyond hedonics continues to be debated. Many novel methodologies, such as sorting, word association, napping, flash profiling, and so forth, have been extensively developed and used in the past few decades to describe, differentiate, and classify products while gathering consumer terminology, using untrained or semi‐trained assessors to meet cost and time commitments. This study was designed to provide another way to document consumer perceptions using their own terminology and explore analysis options by assessing “open‐ended” responses. A total of 149 consumers from the Kansas City area evaluated smoked pork prepared using electric and offset smokers and four wood types (apple, oak, hickory, and mesquite). The prompted terms provided information about the attributes that drive consumers' likes and dislikes using their own language. Correspondence analysis was used to obtain a plot of the samples based on consumers' descriptions. Open‐ended questions highlighted textural attributes as a chief modality, driving consumers' “tasty” perception, backed by 9‐point liking data. Offset smoked pork was liked more by consumers than pork smoked using an electric smoker.Practical ApplicationsFindings from this study contribute to methodology understanding, applicability, and further developments when collecting consumer terminology to assess sensory differentiation among products. The use of open‐ended questions as a stand‐alone method for terminology generation has been highlighted in this experiment. Additionally, consumer terminology was generated to uncover the key attributes of a product. In this case, we used the famous Kansas City‐style barbeque as an example that could help pit masters, food developers, chefs, and others working in the hospitality/culinary or restaurant industry perfect their classic recipes using consumer friendly terms.
Innovative strategies for the elimination of viral hepatitis at a national level: A country case series
Authors: Schröeder Sophia E. , Pedrana Alisa , Scott Nick , Wilson David , Kuschel Christian , Aufegger Lisa , Atun Rifat , Baptista‐Leite Ricardo , Butsashvili Maia , El‐Sayed Manal , Getahun Aneley , Hamid Saeed , Hammad Radi , ‘t Hoen Ellen , Hutchinson Sharon J. , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Lesi Olufunmilayo , Li Wangsheng , Binti Mohamed Rosmawati , Olafsson Sigurdur , Peck Raquel , Sohn Annette H. , Sonderup Mark , Spearman Catherine W. , Swan Tracy , Thursz Mark , Walker Tim , Hellard Margaret , Howell Jessica 
Published: August 2019

AbstractViral hepatitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but has long been neglected by national and international policymakers. Recent modelling studies suggest that investing in the global elimination of viral hepatitis is feasible and cost‐effective. In 2016, all 194 member states of the World Health Organization endorsed the goal to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, but complex systemic and social realities hamper implementation efforts. This paper presents eight case studies from a diverse range of countries that have invested in responses to viral hepatitis and adopted innovative approaches to tackle their respective epidemics. Based on an investment framework developed to build a global investment case for the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030, national activities and key enablers are highlighted that showcase the feasibility and impact of concerted hepatitis responses across a range of settings, with different levels of available resources and infrastructural development. These case studies demonstrate the utility of taking a multipronged, public health approach to: (a) evidence‐gathering and planning; (b) implementation; and (c) integration of viral hepatitis services into the Agenda for Sustainable Development. They provide models for planning, investment and implementation strategies for other countries facing similar challenges and resource constraints.
An efficient algorithm for architecture design of Bayesian neural network in structural model updating
Authors: Yin Tao , Zhu Hong‐Ping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere has been growing interest in applying the artificial neural network (ANN) approach in structural system identification and health monitoring. The learning process of neural network can be more robust when presented in the Bayesian framework, and rational architecture of the Bayesian neural network is critical to its performance. Apart from number of hidden neurons, the specific forms of the transfer functions in both hidden and output layers are also crucially important. To the best of our knowledge, however, the simultaneous design of proper number of hidden neurons, and specific forms of hidden‐ and output‐layer transfer functions has not yet been reported in terms of the Bayesian neural network. It is even more challenging when the transfer functions of both layers are parameterized instead of using fixed shape forms. This paper proposes a tailor‐made algorithm for efficiently designing the appropriate architecture of Bayesian neural network with simultaneously optimized hidden neuron number and custom transfer functions in both hidden and output layers. To cooperate with the proposed algorithm, both the Jacobian of the network function and Hessian of the negative logarithm of weight posterior are derived analytically by matrix calculus. This is much more accurate and efficient than the finite difference approximation, and also vital for properly designing the Bayesian neural network architecture as well as further quantifying the confidence interval of network prediction. The validity and efficiency of the proposed methodology is verified through probabilistic finite element (FE) model updating of a pedestrian bridge by using the field measurement data.
Estimating tsetse fertility: daily averaging versus periodic larviposition
Authors: Barclay H. J. , Hargrove J. W. , van den Driessche P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen computing mean daily fertility in adult female tsetse, the common practice of taking the reciprocal of the interlarval period (called averaged fertility) was compared with the method of taking the sum of the products of daily fertility and adult survivorship divided by the sum of daily survivorships (called periodic fertility). The latter method yielded a consistently higher measure of fertility (approximately 10% for tsetse) than the former method. A conversion factor was calculated to convert averaged fertility to periodic fertility. A feasibility criterion was determined for the viability of a tsetse population. Fertility and survivorship data from tsetse populations on Antelope Is. and Redcliff Is., both in Zimbabwe, were used to illustrate the feasibility criterion, as well as the limitations imposed by survivorship and fertility on the viability of tsetse populations. The 10% difference in fertility between the two methods of calculation makes the computation of population feasibility with some parameter combinations sometimes result in a wrong answer. It also underestimates both sterile male release rates required to eradicate a pest population, as well as the speed of resurgence if an eradication attempt fails.
MpTCP1 controls cell proliferation and redox processes in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Busch Andrea , Deckena Marek , Almeida‐Trapp Marilia , Kopischke Sarah , Kock Cilian , Schüssler Esther , Tsiantis Miltos , Mithöfer Axel , Zachgo Sabine 
Published: August 2019

Summary

TCP transcription factors are key regulators of angiosperm cell proliferation processes. It is unknown whether their regulatory growth capacities are conserved across land plants, which we examined in liverworts, one of the earliest diverging land plant lineages.

We generated knockout mutants for MpTCP1, the single TCP‐P clade gene in Marchantia polymorpha, and characterized its function by conducting cell proliferation and morphological analyses as well as messenger RNA expression, transcriptome, chemical, and DNA binding studies.

Mptcp1ge lines show a reduced vegetative thallus growth and extra tissue formation in female reproductive structures. Additionally, mutant plants reveal increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and an enhanced pigmentation in the thallus caused by formation of secondary metabolites, such as aminochromes. MpTCP1 proteins interact redox dependently with DNA and regulate the expression of a comprehensive redox network, comprising enzymes involved in H2O2 metabolism.

MpTCP1 regulates Marchantia growth in a context‐dependent manner. Redox sensitivity of the DNA binding capacity of MpTCP1 proteins provides a mechanism to respond to altered redox conditions. Our data suggest that MpTCP1 activity could thereby have contributed to diversification of land plant morphologies and to adaptations to abiotic and biotic challenges, as experienced by liverworts during early land plant colonization.
Neurological excitation in a 6‐week‐old male infant after morphine overdose
Authors: Thomas Jörg , Corson Nils I. , Meinhold Anke , Both Christian P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile respiratory depression is a known complication of morphine overdose, the neuro‐excitatory side effect of the morphine metabolite morphine‐3‐glucuronide is less widely known. Here, we report the case of an infant with neurological excitation after morphine overdose. The neuro‐excitation in this infant was probably induced by an elevated morphine‐3‐glucuronide concentration.
The Theory of Agricultural Price Bubble & Price Crash in Global Economy
Authors: Dastagiri M.B. , Bhavigna L. 
Published: August 2019

Agricultural prices play greater role in living Economics. Since many decades’ farmers faced declining agricultural prices and low prices in developing countries. Therefore, in these countries agricultural price policies are under closer appraisal. Government and policy makers worry about inflation. Economic precision is required in determining prices. This understanding led to conception of the study. The specific objectives are to review various agricultural price theories, research evidences and construct the theory of agricultural price bubble and crash and their effect on macro economy and suggest measures to improve. The study reviews various agricultural price theories, concepts, policies, research gaps and do meta-analysis and formulated the theory of Agricultural prices bubble and price crash. Since 1950, many development economists and practitioners prophesy in developing countries is that low agricultural commodities prices discourage poverty alleviation. Many countries are unable to make successful pricing policies due to there is not enough operative methodological and theoretical support for decision-making. According to the economic theory of cooperativism, the entities come closer to the pecking order theory. Unexpected changes and changes in regulations can have significant impact on the profitability of farming activities. “Demand channel" is the crucial factor in elucidation of commodity price growth. Future prices moments in agriculture have fat-tailed distributions and display quick and unpredicted price jumps. World Trade Organization study highlights the importance of strengthening multilateral disciplines on both import and export trade interventions to food price fluctuations to reduce beggar-thy-neighbor unilateral trade policy. The theory of NAFTA regionalism did not lead to regionalization and not increasing share of intraregional international trade. In EU countries land rents in modern agriculture causing upward trend in agricultural land prices. Information friction, agricultural supports, agricultural price & trade policies, agricultural price transmission are responsible price fluctuations. In economic theory, asymmetric price transmission has been the subject of considerable attention in agricultural gaps. Selection of forecasting models are based on chaos theory. Chaos in agricultural wholesale price data provides a good theoretical basis for selecting forecasting models. This theory can be applied to agricultural prices forecasting. Novelties in agricultural products fluctuations research offer scientific basis in planning of agricultural production.
The general practice perspective on barriers to integration between primary and social care: a London, United Kingdom-based qualitative interview study
Authors: Naqvi Danial , Malik Anam , Al-Zubaidy Mohaimen , Naqvi Falak , Tahir Anas , Tarfiee Ali , Vara Sarina , Meyer Edgar 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThere is an ongoing challenge of effective integration between primary and social care in the United Kingdom; current systems have led to fragmentation of services preventing holistic patient-centred care for vulnerable populations. To improve clinical outcomes and achieve financial efficiencies, the barriers to integration need to be identified and addressed. This study aims to explore the unique perspectives of frontline staff (general practitioners and practice managers) towards these barriers to integration.DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews and thematic analysis to obtain results.SettingGeneral practices within London.Participants18 general practitioners (GPs) and 7 practice managers (PMs) based in London with experience of working with social care.ResultsThe study identified three overarching themes where frontline staff believed problems exist: accessing social services, interprofessional relationships and infrastructure. Issues with contacting staff from other sectors creates delays in referrals for patient care and perpetuates existing logistical challenges. Likewise, professionals noted a hostile working culture between sectors that has resulted in silo working mentalities. In addition to staff being overworked as well as often inefficient multidisciplinary team meetings, poor relationships across sectors cause a diffusion of responsibility, impacting the speed with which patient requests are responded to. Furthermore, participants identified that a lack of interoperability between information systems, lack of pooled budgets and misaligned incentives between managerial staff compound the infrastructural divide between both sectors.ConclusionIn this study, primary care staff identify intangible barriers to integration such as poor interprofessional relationships, in addition to more well-described structural issues such as insufficient funding and difficulty accessing social care. Participants believe that educating the next generation of medical professionals may lead to the development of collaborative, instead of siloed, working cultures and that change is needed at both an interpersonal and institutional level to successfully integrate care.
Reducing pressure ulcers across multiple care settings using a collaborative approach
Authors: Wood Julia , Brown Bob , Bartley Annette , Margarida Batista Custódio Cavaco Andreia , Roberts Anthony Paul , Santon Karla , Cook Susannah 
Published: August 2019

In the UK, over 700 000 patients are affected by pressure ulcers each year, and 180 000 of those are newly acquired each year. The occurrence of pressure ulcers costs the National Health Service (NHS) more than 3.8 million every day. In 2004, pressure ulcers were estimated to cost the NHS £1.4–£2.4 billion per year, which was 4% of the total NHS expenditure.The impact on patients can be considerable, due to increased pain, length of hospital stay and decreased quality of life. However, it is acknowledged that a significant number of these are avoidable.In early 2015, it was identified that for the North East and North Cumbria region the incidence of pressure ulcers was higher than the national average. Because of this, a 2-year Pressure Ulcer Collaborative was implemented, involving secondary care, community services, care homes and the ambulance service, with the aim of reducing the percentage of pressure ulcers developed by patients within their care.The Breakthrough Series Collaborative Model from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement provided the framework for this Collaborative.In year 1, pressure ulcers were reduced by 36%, and in year 2 by 33%, demonstrating an estimated cost saving during the lifespan of the Collaborative of £513 000, and a reduction in the number of bed days between 220 and 352.
Outcome after heart–lung or lung transplantation in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome
Authors: Hjortshøj Cristel S , Gilljam Thomas , Dellgren Göran , Pentikäinen Markku O , Möller Thomas , Jensen Annette Schophuus , Turanlahti Maila , Thilén Ulf , Gustafsson Finn , Søndergaard Lars 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe optimal timing for transplantation is unclear in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome (ES). We investigated post-transplantation survival and transplantation-specific morbidity after heart–lung transplantation (HLTx) or lung transplantation (LTx) in a cohort of Nordic patients with ES to aid decision-making for scheduling transplantation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, descriptive, population-based study of patients with ES who underwent transplantation from 1985 to 2012.ResultsAmong 714 patients with ES in the Nordic region, 63 (9%) underwent transplantation. The median age at transplantation was 31.9 (IQR 21.1–42.3) years. Within 30 days after transplantation, seven patients (11%) died. The median survival was 12.0 (95% CI 7.6 to 16.4) years and the overall 1-year, 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rates were 84.1%, 69.7%, 55.8% and 40.6%, respectively. For patients alive 1 year post-transplantation, the median conditional survival was 14.8 years (95% CI 8.0 to 21.8), with 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rates of 83.3%, 67.2% and 50.0%, respectively. There was no difference in median survival after HLTx (n=57) and LTx (n=6) (14.9 vs 10.6 years, p=0.718). Median cardiac allograft vasculopathy, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and dialysis/kidney transplantation-free survival rates were 11.2 (95% CI 7.8 to 14.6), 6.9 (95% CI 2.6 to 11.1) and 11.2 (95% CI 8.8 to 13.7) years, respectively. The leading causes of death after the perioperative period were infection (36.7%), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (23.3%) and heart failure (13.3%).ConclusionsThis study shows that satisfactory post-transplantation survival, comparable with contemporary HTx and LTx data, without severe comorbidities such as cardiac allograft vasculopathy, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and dialysis, is achievable in patients with ES, with a conditional survival of nearly 15 years.
Extracellular release of ATP promotes systemic inflammation during acute pancreatitis
Authors: Dixit Ajay , Cheema Hassam , George John , Iyer Srikanth , Dudeja Vikas , Dawra Rajinder , Saluja Ashok K. 
Published: August 2019

In the current study, we explored the role of extracellular ATP (eATP) in promoting systemic inflammation during development of acute pancreatitis (AP). Release of extracellular (e)ATP was evaluated in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice with experimental acute pancreatitis (AP). Prophylactic intervention using apyrase or suramin was used to understand the role and contribution of eATP in pancreatitis-associated systemic injury. AP of varying severity was induced in C57BL/6 mice using 1-day or 2-day caerulein, caerulein + LPS and l-arginine models. eATP was measured in plasma and BALF. Mice were treated with suramin or apyrase in the caerulein and l-arginine models of AP. Plasma cytokines, lung, and pancreatic myeloperoxidase, and morphometric analysis of pancreatic and lung histology, were used to assess the severity of pancreatitis. Plasma eATP and purinergic 2 (P2) receptors in the pancreas and lungs were significantly elevated in the experimental models of AP. Blocking the effect of eATP by suramin led to reduced levels of plasma IL-6 and TNFα as well as reduced lung, and pancreatic injury. Neutralizing eATP with apyrase reduced systemic injury but did not ameliorate local injury. The results of this study support the role of eATP and P2 receptors in promoting systemic inflammation during AP. Modulating purinergic signaling during AP can be an important therapeutic strategy in controlling systemic inflammation and, thus, systemic inflammatory response syndrome during AP.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Released ATP from injured cells promotes systemic inflammation in acute pancreatitis
Early stages of sensorimotor map acquisition: learning with free exploration, without active movement or global structure
Authors: van Vugt F. T. , Ostry D. J. 
Published: August 2019

One of the puzzles of learning to talk or play a musical instrument is how we learn which movement produces a particular sound: an audiomotor map. The initial stages of map acquisition can be studied by having participants learn arm movements to auditory targets. The key question is what mechanism drives this early learning. Three learning processes from previous literature were tested: map learning may rely on active motor outflow (target), on error correction, and on the correspondence between sensory and motor distances (i.e., that similar movements map to similar sounds). Alternatively, we hypothesized that map learning can proceed without these. Participants made movements that were mapped to sounds in a number of different conditions that each precluded one of the potential learning processes. We tested whether map learning relies on assumptions about topological continuity by exposing participants to a permuted map that did not preserve distances in auditory and motor space. Further groups were tested who passively experienced the targets, kinematic trajectories produced by a robot arm, and auditory feedback as a yoked active participant (hence without active motor outflow). Another group made movements without receiving targets (thus without experiencing errors). In each case we observed substantial learning, therefore none of the three hypothesized processes is required for learning. Instead early map acquisition can occur with free exploration without target error correction, is based on sensory-to-sensory correspondences, and possible even for discontinuous maps. The findings are consistent with the idea that early sensorimotor map formation can involve instance-specific learning.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study tested learning of novel sensorimotor maps in a variety of unusual circumstances, including learning a mapping that was permuted in such as way that it fragmented the sensorimotor workspace into discontinuous parts, thus not preserving sensory and motor topology. Participants could learn this mapping, and they could learn without motor outflow or targets. These results point to a robust learning mechanism building on individual instances, inspired from machine learning literature.