bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles (Exosomes) Derived From Platelet‐Rich Plasma: A Literature Review
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Rapaport Jeffrey A. , Talukder Mesbah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are exciting advances in the field of exosomes research as a potential regenerative therapy. Platelet‐rich plasma represents an abundant source of exosomes.AimTo present evidence on the use of platelet‐rich plasma‐derived exosomes in dermatology and discuss current technical limitations.MethodsA literature search was conducted using Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov in June 2024.ResultsPlatelet‐rich plasma‐derived exosomes contain a myriad of growth factors, genetic materials, and lipids that mediate paracrine signaling. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated their potential in wound healing. This includes faster wound contraction in diabetic animal models, as well as enhanced angiogenesis, increased cell proliferation and migration, and protection against hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. A case study reported a topical platelet‐derived exosome product tried successfully in a patient with persistent scalp wounds. In contrast, there is scarce information on the use of platelet‐rich plasma‐derived exosomes in hair growth and skin rejuvenation. Isolation techniques, activation methods, and methods of delivery have not been optimized, which warrants further research. Novel delivery methods, such as hydrogel‐based preparations, may enable the topical application of exosomes.ConclusionExosomes derived from platelet‐rich plasma have demonstrated therapeutic potential. More research is needed to standardize its use.
Neonatal Hypoglycaemia Management Guideline appraisal using the AGREE II instrument and report of variations in unit guidelines in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Mc Hugh David Thomas , Pszczola Rosalynn , Said Joanne M 
Published: December 2024

AimTo assess the quality and rigour of Neonatal Hypoglycaemia guidelines used in the major Australian and New Zealand neonatal care centres. To compare and highlight any major differences in management guidelines between centres.MethodsAll level III NICUs in Australia and New Zealand were invited to participate. The AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research & Evaluation) was used to critically appraise the guideline for the management of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Recommendations regarding definition, treatment, method of testing and admission criteria were compared from the guidelines provided.ResultsNeonatal Hypoglycaemia guidelines were received from 19 of the 29 invited hospitals; two guidelines were excluded as the hospitals providing these guidelines did not provide care for inborn neonates. None of the 17 guidelines received a standardised score of 50% or higher on all six domains of the AGREE II tool. The mean scores of each of the AGREE II domains were as follows: Scope and Purpose 76%; Stakeholder Involvement 41%; Rigour of Development 20%; Clarity of Presentation 66%; Applicability 30% and Editorial Independence 0.1%. The glycaemic threshold defining hypoglycaemia varied between 2.0 and 2.6 mmol/L in the guidelines. True blood glucose using either a glucose oxidase method or blood gas analyser was recommended as the first line test in 35% of the guidelines. Fifteen of the 17 guidelines recommended buccal gel as first‐line treatment of hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsNeonatal Hypoglycaemia guidelines are of varying methodological quality. There are inconsistences in the management of hypoglycaemia across neonatal units in Australia and New Zealand.
Utilization of Bone Alkaline Phosphatase (BAP) and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) as Biomarkers of Eggshell Quality and Bone Metabolism in Broiler Breeders and Progeny
Authors: Magnuson A. D. , Boonsinchai N. , Caldas J. , England J. , Coon C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEggshell breakage and broiler bone disorders are major problems for the breeder and broiler industries which are linked to mineral metabolism and animal genetics. The purpose of this work was to discover the link between individual animal phenotypic differences in mineral metabolism against concentrations of novel plasma biomarkers including tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP). A subset of hens were selected from a flock of Cobb 500 breeders with the best or worst eggshell quality based upon dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and specific gravity (SG). Breeders were defined as having good eggshell quality (SG ≥ 1.080), or poor eggshell quality (SG < 1.080). Progeny hatched from breeders with good or poor eggshell quality were reared to 2 week of age and blood and bone samples were obtained after euthanasia. In both breeders and progeny, plasma concentrations of BAP and TRAP were measured, and bone mineral density was evaluated by DEXA. Results showed that breeders selected for eggshell quality had significantly different plasma concentrations of BAP (Good = 326.5 pg/mL, Poor = 253.2 pg/mL), and TRAP activity (Good = 2203 U, Poor = 4985 U). Breeders selected for eggshell quality produced progeny with different bone breaking strength (Good = 1.61 kg/mm, Poor = 1.47 kg/mm), tibia ash (Good = 45.9%, Poor = 42.2%), plasma BAP (Good = 372.3 pg/mL, Poor = 312.4 pg/mL), and lower plasma TRAP activity (Good = 18010 U, Poor = 23590 U). These data suggest that there is a strong correlation between the eggshell quality of breeders, performance and bone strength of progeny, and plasma of concentrations of BAP and TRAP in both breeder hens and progeny.
Reporting and interpreting statistical results in veterinary medicine: Calling for change
Authors: Weng Hsin‐Yi , Messam Locksley L. McV. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and correctly interpreting statistical results presented in scientific articles is a required skill for practicing evidence‐based veterinary medicine. A prerequisite for doing so is the adequate reporting of the results in scientific journals. However, most authors of veterinary publications determine the importance of their findings based on statistical significance (ie, P < .05), indicating that neither the limitations of using P values for inference nor the existence of more appropriate alternatives are widely appreciated in veterinary medicine. This deficiency in knowledge indicates a need to increase awareness in veterinary medicine regarding reporting statistical measures that quantify the magnitude of an effect along with its level of uncertainty, and then interpreting these results for clinical decision making. We utilize a hypothetical randomized controlled trial of dietary management in cats with chronic kidney disease to discuss some common misconceptions about P values and provide practical suggestions for alternatives. Reporting appropriate effect estimates along with their confidence intervals will allow veterinarians to easily and correctly determine whether the magnitude of the effect of interest meets clinical needs while acknowledging uncertainty in the results. We also describe confidence interval functions and show their utility as visual tools in aiding interpretation of confidence intervals. By providing practical guidance, we show that a change in reporting and interpreting statistical results is feasible and necessary. We hope this crucial step will promote clinical decision making based on effect estimates and confidence intervals.
Recommendations to strengthen hybrid mental health policy in primary care services in Chile
Authors: Muñoz Fabiola Cortez‐Monroy , Flores Claudia Cerfogli , Durán Mauricio Soto , Castillo Pilar Monsalve , Alfaro Patricia Basualto , Saavedra Rodrigo Quiroz , Cortés Irina Betti , Garzón Mónica Molina , Álvarez Marcela Aracena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article presents the main results of a qualitative study proposing guidelines for a hybrid public policy on mental health at the primary care level that faces the challenge of improving access under conditions of quality. The empirical evidence was constructed from semistructured interviews with users, decision makers, and professionals from Chile's central, regional, and local healthcare levels and a review of specialized literature. The study shows that strengthening a hybrid telehealth policy at the primary care level is an outstanding strategy to contribute to reduce accessibility, acceptability, and availability barriers. Yet, to be effective, it is necessary to take on some guidelines in terms of remote care management in Primary Healthcare centers, training of professionals, and skill building of civil servants in the use of technology, regulatory framework, infrastructure and technology; financing; inclusion of the user's perspective; and clinical guidelines and technical standards for hybrid care. The leadership of the Ministry of Health is fundamental to promote relevant regulation and the coordination and active participation of different stakeholders.
SsPtc3 Modulating SsSmk1‐MAPK and Autophagy to Facilitate Growth and Pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Jiao Wenli , Ma Dongmeng , Zuo Qi , Li Yalan , Hu Jun , Jia Dongmei , Zhang Yanhua , Liu Jinliang , Zhang Xianghui , Pan Hongyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe compound appressoria of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can produce cell wall‐degrading enzymes, effectors and toxins, which promote penetration and the death of host cells. Subsequently, invasive hyphae (IH) branch rapidly as necrotrophic growth and disease symptoms are observed. S. sclerotiorum can respond to complex stresses and regulate its metabolism to adapt to the external environment. Here we demonstrated that type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase (PP2C) SsPtc3 responds to nutritional, osmotic, cell wall and oxidative stresses. Loss of function ΔSsptc3 mutants displayed defects in mycelial growth, sclerotia formation and reduced virulence. Phosphoproteomic analyses revealed that SsPtc3 is involved in autophagy and MAPK signalling pathways. We obtained evidence that SsPtc3 negatively modulates the phosphorylation of SsSmk1. SsSmk1 is essential for mycelial growth, compound appressorium formation and pathogenicity, SsPtc3 modulated phosphorylation homeostasis of SsSmk1 to maintain hyphal growth. SsPtc3 interacted with SsAtg1 to influence autophagic flux under starvation. Taken together, these results reveal that SsPtc3 responds to various stresses that modulate autophagy and phosphorylation of SsSmk1‐MAPK, which facilitates the growth and virulence of S. sclerotiorum.
Understanding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Perioperative Pain Management After Routine Pediatric Tonsillectomy
Authors: Pershad Alisha R. , Moscoso‐Morales Rashel , Di Bono Giuliana , Kavuri Aryana , Shahine Alexa , Rana Md Sohel , Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Preciado Diego A. , Vazquez‐Colon Caroll N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHispanic/Latino (H/L) patients are often excluded from studies addressing pain management. Limited data suggests disparities in administration of perioperative opioid analgesia. We hypothesize that H/L patients are less likely to have their pain assessed and managed appropriately with opioids following routine pediatric tonsillectomy.AimsOur primary outcome was to compare the proportion of H/L patients who receive perioperative opioids to their non‐H/L counterparts. Secondarily, we studied the proportion of H/L patients who had their pain score assessed.MethodsA retrospective medical record review of patients receiving routine tonsillectomy from October 2017 to March 2022 was performed. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted with levels of significance at 0.05 and calculation of adjusted odds ratios (aORs).ResultsOf 6553 patients included, 582 (9%) of those self‐identified as H/L. The median age of the cohort was 5.6 years (IQR 3.4–9.1) and 53.3% identified as male. H/L patients were more likely to have a higher BMI (p < 0.001), have an income level of < $100 000/year (p < 0.001), and utilize public insurance (p < 0.001) than non‐H/L patients. On multivariate analysis, non‐H/L patients were less likely to receive opioids (aOR 0.78 [0.66, 0.93], p = 0.006). They were also more likely to have their pain assessed (aOR 2.38 [1.75, 3.21], p < 0.001).ConclusionsDisparities in perioperative pain management following routine pediatric tonsillectomy exist. In contrast with current literature and our prior hypothesis, children of non‐H/L ethnicity were less likely to receive opioids and more likely to have their pain assessed. Given H/L patients received fewer pain assessments, they are at risk for inferior pain management. Further understanding of factors driving differences in pain management may improve perioperative patient experience, quality of care, and aid in the creation of more standardized protocols.
Assessing Single‐Trait and Multitrait Genomic Prediction Model Abilities Including Significant GWAS Markers for Fusarium Head Blight Disease Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Nannuru Vinay Kumar Reddy , Dieseth Jon Arne , McCartney Curt A. , Henriquez Maria Antonia , Buerstmayr Hermann , Michel Sebastian , Morales Laura , Meuwissen Theodorus H. E. , Crossa Jose , Lillemo Morten 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDisease resistance traits are complex and quantitative in nature. Breeders regularly evaluate multiple important traits across diverse environments to employ them in genomics‐assisted breeding. In this study, we evaluated the prospects of genomic prediction models by incorporating genome‐wide association study (GWAS) results into single‐trait and multitrait genomic prediction scenarios, using two distinct panels: the NMBU panel and the GRAMINOR panel. A standard genomic prediction model (Base) and the Base model with the addition of significant GWAS markers as fixed covariates (Base + GWAS) were tested on both panels. The predictive ability of models was measured in terms of prediction ability by using Pearson's correlation method. An improvement of 0.05% to as high as a two‐fold improvement was observed in both the panels for single‐trait and multitrait scenarios. In general, multitrait models outperformed single‐trait models regardless of whether the GWAS markers were included. This study further concludes that multitrait‐based genomic predictions are superior to single trait–based ones when the associated traits are used and are well correlated.
Genome Resources for Identifying SNPs Associated With Eight Horticultural Traits in Commercial Korean Elite Radish (Raphanus sativus) Lines
Authors: Park Han Yong , Jung Myunghee , Lim Yu‐Jin , Subramaniyam Sathiyamoorthy , Cho Sunghyun , Park Byeong Jun , Shin Younhee 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRadish (Raphanus sativus), which belongs to the family Brassicaceae, has relatively limited genomic resources, especially for elite lines used in commercial breeding and other agricultural applications. Thus, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive catalogue of genome sequences for 100 elite radish lines used in the Korean industry for commercial breeding purposes. These lines were sequenced and mapped to the elite Bakdal genome. A total of 33,919 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and were found to be associated with eight distinct phenotypic traits. Five diverse machine learning (ML) models revealed that a subset of 198 SNPs had high predictive potential for the eight horticultural traits. Furthermore, the 100 elite lines were grouped into four clusters based on the eight traits, and their predictive potential was evaluated using the ML models trained using both individual and pooled SNPs. The accuracy ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 for the individually trained models and from 0.84 to 0.95 for the pooled models. This study provides a substantial basis for the advancement of digital/precision radish breeding.
Effect of histone modifications on fruit ripening
Authors: An Caiting , Liu Zesheng , Pan Xuejuan , Li Ailing , Wei Wenying , Yang Tingyue , Liao Weibiao , Wang Chunlei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHistone modifications are canonical epigenetic modifications mediating plant growth and development. Specially, histone modifications play important regulatory roles in plant fruit ripening, directly affecting fruit color changes, soluble sugar accumulation, and fruit softening. In this review, we focus on the effects of histone acetylation and methylation during fruit ripening. In particular, histone acetylation at H3 and H4 accelerates fruit ripening, whereas removal of histone acetylation via histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibits or delays ripening by regulating the expression of carotenoid and anthocyanin production, glycometabolism, cell wall degradation, ethylene synthesis and signalling, and cell expansin‐related genes. In addition, histone methylation is also involved in fruit ripening, in which the emergence of H3K27me3 modifications represses fruit ripening and H3K4me3 modifications promote fruit ripening by affecting multiple ripening‐related pathways. However, the relationship between other histone modifications and fruit ripening is currently unclear. Here, we point out that accurate and comprehensive studies concerning the regulatory mechanism of histone modifications in fruit ripening are needed to facilitate the design of high‐quality and high‐yield fruit.
Ageism combating strategies in oral healthcare: A systematic review
Authors: Mendes Mariana Sarmet Smiderle , Ferreira Camila Lopes , Neves Jardini Maria Aparecida , Childs Christopher Andrew , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of strategies aimed at combating ageism against older adults among dental students.MethodsA systematic review was performed following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify articles from seven electronic databases: MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, Embase, Age‐Line, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane.ResultsAmong twenty‐four references reporting on ageism among oral health care providers and/or students, only two reported on the outcomes of strategies for combating ageism at dental schools, with a 12‐year gap between them. Both studies showed that non‐geriatric‐specific clinical activities during dental school might reduce ageism among students. Notably, each article used a different tool to assess ageism.ConclusionAlthough the dental literature calls for action to reduce ageism in many published articles, there is a need for more studies evaluating the outcomes of strategies to combat ageism in oral healthcare.
Mpox as an emerging health threat for survivors of sex trafficking
Authors: Ekerin Olabode , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Manirambona Emery 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe resurgence of mpox, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization in 2024, highlights gaps in global preparedness, particularly for marginalised populations. While much of the focus has been on men who have sex with men, survivors of sex trafficking remain overlooked, despite being highly vulnerable to mpox transmission. These individuals face significant health disparities, including limited access to healthcare, exposure to violence and forced sexual encounters in unsafe conditions, which amplify their risk of infection. The clandestine nature of trafficking further complicates public health interventions like contact tracing and vaccination efforts, leaving survivors at heightened risk of infection and limited access to critical health resources. Addressing these inequities requires targeted interventions, such as confidential testing, outreach, culturally sensitive healthcare and integrating mpox awareness into existing survivor support programmes. Additionally, public health systems must ensure equitable vaccine distribution, enhance surveillance and collaborate with anti‐trafficking organisations to improve prevention and care. A holistic approach that includes mental health support is crucial to address the unique challenges faced by trafficking survivors, ensuring they receive the protection and care needed during this global outbreak.
A clinical and hematologic approach to basophilia in dogs, cats, and horses
Authors: Mau Alex , Keller S. M. , Kol Amir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBasophils are the rarest blood leukocyte in most healthy domestic mammals and the clinical significance of basophilia is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo empirically determine magnitude thresholds for basophilia, identify its hematologic correlates, and identify associations between breeds, specific diseases, disease categories, organ systems, and basophilia in dogs, cats, and horses.MethodsCBCs and clinical information from dogs, cats, and horses were collected from the University of California‐Davis School of Veterinary Medicine between 2000 and 2020. Relationships between basophil concentration and other CBC parameters were evaluated by computing Pearson's correlation (r). Magnitude thresholds for basophilia (ie, mild, moderate, severe) were determined by evaluating the distribution of basophil counts for each species. For severe cases of basophilia, the clinical diagnoses were categorized by the organ system affected and the underlying pathomechanism. Basophilia groups were compared to a time‐matched, randomly selected control group, and chi‐square analyses were performed to evaluate associations with disease.ResultsA total of 143 841 (dog), 32 576 (cat), and 44 887 (horse) CBCs were collected. For all three species, basophilia was over‐represented in some breeds. Basophilia was associated with respiratory disease in both dogs and cats. In dogs, lymphoma and mast cell neoplasia were associated with basophilia. In horses, an increased incidence of basophilia was not associated with any disease category or organ system.ConclusionsThis is the largest study evaluating the hematologic correlations and disease associations with basophilia in dogs, cats, and horses. While basophilia was reported alongside many diseases, certain associations may aid clinicians in narrowing down underlying causes.
Experimental Study of Pre-Chamber Combustion on 4-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Singh Saurabh , V. Avaneesh Athreya , Chaturvedi Shivansh , Boggavarapu Prasad , M. Himabindu , Ravikrishna R. V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) have been the most important power source for both the on-road and off-road applications of the transport sector. The ICE technology is very robust and mature compared to other power sources. However, the stringent control over the emissions from the ICE has created a need to modify the existing engine design and operation strategy to meet the emission regulations. The emissions such as CO and NOx can be reduced significantly by operating the engine at lean or ultra-lean conditions. Ultra-lean operation also helps in increasing thermal efficiency and reducing green-house gas emissions. However, the ignition of fuel-lean charge has been a bottleneck. In this study, experimental investigation of the effects of the Pre-chamber ignition has been conducted at a fundamental level on a CVCC and CNG-fueled 200-cc, 4-valve, single-cylinder 4-stroke SI engine. The experiments on the CVCC have shown a higher pressure rise rate and heat release rate with the Pre-chamber ignition than with the conventional ignition system. A similar trend has been observed with the performance of the engine in terms of the acquired in-cylinder pressure, brake torque, brake thermal efficiency, and emission data. The lean limit has been extended, and the engine operation at fuel-lean conditions is more stable with Pre-chamber ignition compared to conventional ignition. The peak heat release rate has been observed to increase, because of which, the peak cylinder pressure has a higher magnitude and is shifted towards the TDC helping to improve the thermal efficiency.