bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: Implications for Immunosuppressive Microenvironment
Authors: Aden Durre , Sureka Niti , Zaheer Samreen , Chaurasia Jai Kumar , Zaheer Sufian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterised by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. One hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to undergo metabolic reprogramming, which allows them to sustain their rapid growth and survival. This metabolic reprogramming creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment that facilitates tumour progression and evasion of the immune system. In this article, we review the mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and discuss how these metabolic alterations contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells to enhance immune‐mediated anti‐tumour responses.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02044861, NCT03163667, NCT04265534, NCT02071927, NCT02903914, NCT03314935, NCT03361228, NCT03048500, NCT03311308, NCT03800602, NCT04414540, NCT02771626, NCT03994744, NCT03229278, NCT04899921
Ethical issues after the earthquake in Turkey: A qualitative study on nurses' perspectives
Authors: Ünsal Betül , Özbudak Arıca Esra , Höbek Akarsu Rukiye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAfter natural disasters, the urgent need for survival and rescue operations for those trapped in the rubble results in a heightened demand for healthcare services. Nurses are pivotal in addressing the consequences of such calamities. Nurses operating in critical conditions encounter numerous challenges, including safety issues and ethical quandaries. The ethical considerations primarily revolve around the limitations, duties, and modified norms of care administered by nurses during disasters, presenting both significant and complex challenges.AimThe study was designed to elucidate the nature and essence of nurses' care experiences and to offer an in‐depth depiction of the ethical dilemmas while attending to individuals injured in the earthquake.MethodsA descriptive phenomenological design was used in this research. A total of 16 nurses who worked for at least 7 days in field hospitals in any of the earthquake regions after the 2023 earthquake in Turkey participated in the research. The research was conducted between March 13 and March 20, 2023. Data were collected by face‐to‐face interview method with a semistructured form. The steps of Colaizzi's phenomenological method were used to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsThe study involved a group of 16 Turkish nurses, aged between 20 and 36 years. Through data analysis, four primary themes, 14 subthemes, and 25 codes were identified. The principal themes derived from the interviews included “humanitarian duties,” “non‐adherence to ethical principles,” “respect for the injured,” and “medical errors.”ConclusionIn this intricate process, it becomes paramount to enhance support for nurses in the domains of management, education, and psychosocial assistance, thereby nurturing their individual and professional acumen, commitment, and ethical sensitivity. Refining the guidelines and professional standards that encapsulate the principles to be adhered to by nurses in disaster scenarios, coupled with providing comprehensive training in both medical and ethical competencies, represents a significant avenue for advancement. Focused training on crisis management will enable nurses to render ethically informed decisions and bolster their professional proficiency.Implications for nursing policyNatural disasters, including earthquakes, pose significant ethical challenges for healthcare professionals, especially nurses who play a pivotal role in delivering care during these emergencies. Issues such as resource allocation and triage, the duty of care and ensuring continuity of care, informed consent and communication, cultural sensitivity, and providing psychosocial support are critical ethical considerations for nursing policies in earthquake situations. Addressing these ethical issues in nursing policies related to earthquakes is crucial for maintaining the integrity of healthcare delivery, preserving public trust, and ensuring the well‐being of both the injured and healthcare providers during times of crisis.
Being a nurse during an earthquake that affected ten provinces: A qualitative study on experiences and expectations
Authors: Şermet Kaya Şenay , Gülnur Erdoğan Eylül 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to determine the professional experiences and future expectations of nurses working in the most damaged areas during the first two weeks of the 2023 Turkey earthquake.BackgroundThe increase in the frequency and severity of disasters in recent years has strongly shown that nurses must be prepared to respond to all disasters. To prepare for disasters that require a multifaceted approach, the experiences of nurses serving in disasters should not be ignored.MethodsA hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used in this research. The study included 18 nurses who worked in the first two weeks of the disaster. Data were collected through semistructured in‐depth interviews between April and May 2023.ResultsFour themes were identified from the analysis of the data: (1) personal challenges, (2) organizational challenges, (3) nursing during the disaster, and (4) expectations.ConclusionsThe results showed that nurses needed psychosocial support intervention skills in disasters and that their psychological preparation and knowledge levels for disasters were insufficient. In addition, the study revealed that organizational preparation was inadequate and that all these factors affected nursing care.Implications for nursing and health policyThe knowledge and skills that nurses need for professional disaster management can be provided by updating undergraduate education, in‐service training procedures, and related policies. Considering that ideal disaster management is possible with a multidisciplinary team, it is recommended that national disaster policies be reviewed.
Genomic Prediction and Genome‐Wide Association Studies for Productivity, Conformation and Heat Tolerance Traits in Tropical Smallholder Dairy Cows
Authors: Bang Nguyen N. , Hayes Ben J. , Lyons Russell E. , Randhawa Imtiaz A. S. , Gaughan John B. , Trach Nguyen X. , McNeill David M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGenomic selection (GS) and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have not been investigated in Vietnamese dairy cattle, even for basic milk production traits, largely due to the scarcity of individual phenotype recording in smallholder dairy farms (SDFs). This study aimed to estimate heritability (h2) and test the applicability of GS and GWAS for milk production, body conformation and novel heat tolerance traits using single test day phenotypic data. Thirty‐two SDFs located in either the north (a lowland vs. a highland) or the south (a lowland vs. a highland) of Vietnam were each visited for an afternoon and the next morning to collect phenotype data of all lactating cows (n = 345). Tail hair from each cow was sampled for subsequent genotyping with a 50K SNP chip at that same visit. Milk production traits (single‐test day) were milk yield (MILK, kg/cow/day), energy corrected milk yield adjusted for body weight (ECMbw, kg/100 kg BW/day), fat (mFA, %), protein (mPR, %) and dry matter (mDM, %). Conformation traits were body weight (BW, kg) and body condition score (BCS, 1 = thin to 5 = obese). Heat tolerance traits were panting score (PS, 0 = normal to 4.5 = extremely heat‐stressed) and infrared temperatures (IRTs, °C) at 11 areas on the external body surface of the cow (inner vulval lip, outer vulval surface, inner tail base surface, ocular area, muzzle, armpit area, paralumbar fossa area, fore udder, rear udder, forehoof and hind hoof), assessed by an Infrared Camera. Univariate linear mixed models and a 10‐fold cross‐validation approach were applied for GS. Univariate single SNP mixed linear models were applied for the GWAS. Estimated h2 (using the genotype information to build relationships among animals) were moderate (0.20–0.37) for ECMbw, mFA, mPR, mRE, BW, BCS and IRT at rear udder; low (0.08–0.19) for PS and other IRTs; and very low (≤ 0.07) for MILK, ECM and mDM. Accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) was low (≤ 0.12) for MILK, ECM, mDM and IRT at hind hoof; and moderate to high (0.32–0.46) for all other traits. The most significant regions on chromosomes (BTA) associated with milk production traits were 0.47–1.18 Mb on BTA14. Moderate to high h2 and moderate accuracies of GEBVs for mFA, mPR, ECMbw, BCS, BW, PS and IRTs at rear udder and outer vulval surface suggested that GS using single test day phenotypic data could be applied for these traits. However, a greater sample size is required to decrease the bias of GEBVs by GS and increase the power of detecting significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by GWAS.
Spatial Connectivity Through Mountains and Deserts Drove South American Scorpions Dispersal
Authors: Barraza Jeison M. , Avaria‐Llautureo Jorge , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to infer the geographic dispersal paths and the environmental conditions that shaped the historical biogeography of Brachistosternus scorpions in South America. We evaluated the role that altitude and aridity had on the geographic distance that each species dispersed from the location of the genus common ancestor. Based on the previous studies, we evaluated the hypothesis postulating that species geographic expansion was promoted by arid conditions in high altitudes.LocationSouth America.TaxonBrachistosternus genus.MethodsWe integrated two methodological approaches in this study, the phylogenetic Geographical model and the Conductance model, considering the uncertainty associated with the phylogenetic relationship and the species classification. The Geo model infers the locations of ancestral species in a phylogenetic tree, assuming a spherical space and using samples of georeferenced locations for every species as input data. It allows us to estimate the species dispersal routes and distances from the location of the genus common ancestor. The Conductance model is based on the circuit theory and infers the geographic route and distance of least resistance between an origin and destination point. We defined the origin as the location of the genus common ancestor obtained from the Geo model and a destination point as the current geographic location of each species. This model infers the geographic routes with the least cost of resistance for dispersal in a landscape of varying altitude and aridity. Finally, we evaluated the correlation between the two dispersal distances each species have moved from the location of the common ancestor, that is, the distance inferred from the Geo model and from the Conductance model.ResultsThe Geo model shows that Brachistosternus's geographical origin was most likely along the coast of south Peru, and central Chile. From this location, extant species dispersed thorough routes ranging from 873 to 2800 km in average. The Conductance model that considers the routes with least resistance to elevation and aridity simulated dispersal distances that are highly correlated with the species dispersal distances obtained from the Geo model.Main ConclusionsWe revealed the geographic dispersal routes, with the least resistance to the pressures imposed by changes in altitude and aridity, that 55 species of scorpions have probably followed in the last 30 million years in South America. These geographic routes that went along the Andean Mountains and the arid zones of South America shaped the current spatial distribution of the genus Brachistosternus.
Roads and Woody Vegetation Structure Are Associated With Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Occurrence at Its Northern Range Limit
Authors: Lindshield Stacy , Ontl Kelly Boyer , Gašperšič Maja , Goudiaby Assane , Ndiaye Papa Ibnou , Tappan Gray , Tombak Kaia J. , Wessling Erin , Pruetz Jill D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe purported defining features of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) biogeography are sometimes simplistic and contradictory, yet we rely on these metrics to shape conservation and management planning for this endangered ape. We analysed the cover and configuration of woody vegetation at the northern margins of the species' range in Senegal to elucidate key predictors of chimpanzee biogeography.LocationSoutheastern Senegal.TaxaWestern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus).MethodsWe combined reconnaissance surveys and interviews with published accounts of chimpanzee presence to verify previous estimates of the range limits of the species. High‐resolution, multispectral satellite images were used to quantify the configuration of trees and shrubs at each site. Woody vegetation cover and physiognomy, river density and road density were compared within and outside of the species range with generalised linear mixed models.ResultsOur surveys and interviews support the current estimates of the northern limits of the species range. Chimpanzee‐occupied sites had more patchily‐distributed vegetation, greater patch edge complexity, and slightly higher river density than unoccupied sites. Unoccupied sites had more woody vegetation cover and higher road density. Of all predictors, roads had the highest impact on chimpanzee occupancy.Main ConclusionsIn line with previous findings, anthropogenic modifications of the landscape had a strong impact on chimpanzee occupancy, but surprisingly, woody vegetation cover was negatively associated with chimpanzee occupancy in this region. Instead, more specific metrics of vegetation configuration were positively associated with chimpanzee site occupancy, indicating that precise measures are needed for assessing chimpanzee biogeography at the landscape scale.
Phylogenetic Insights Into Canidae Trait Variation Across Continents
Authors: Porto Lucas M. V. , Machado Arielli F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimUnderstanding the spatial structuring of ecological communities involves considering the interplay between evolutionary history and environmental factors. This study investigates how the phylogenetic structure of Canidae influences the geographical distribution and trait patterns of lineages globally, and how these patterns relate to Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules.LocationAmericas, Africa, Eurasia.Time Period12 million years ago—present.Major Taxa StudiedCanidae.MethodsUsing distribution data and phylogenetic information for 37 Canidae species, we analysed key ecological, functional and evolutionary variables. We applied phylogenetic fuzzy‐weighting via principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure (PCPS) and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) to assess the contributions of phylogenetic structure and environmental factors to trait variation among species.ResultsOur results revealed distinct global patterns in body size, body weight, range size, habitat use and evolutionary distinctiveness among lineages. We also identified the shared contributions of phylogenetic structure and temperature to trait variation using variance partitioning analysis. The PCPS axes highlighted the influence of phylogenetic relationships on Canidae assemblages, particularly in South America.Main ConclusionsImportantly, the study challenges the applicability of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules across continents. The unique diversification history of Canidae in South America and Africa and their diverse environmental conditions likely contribute to the observed trait patterns that make both continents so distinguished when compared to North America and Eurasia. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate phylogenetic information in models assessing trait variation across geographic scales for unbiased estimates.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals BZW1's regulation of EMT via the Wnt pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lai Wei , Ping Zhou , Chen Yun , Wang Junrong , Liu Yuyan , Zou Shishi , Wang Jieweng , Zhang Tianyu , Ren Wei , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExploring the role of novel cancer gene BZW1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and unveiling associated signalling pathways. Firstly, we conducted a pan‐cancer analysis of BZW1 using multiple databases. Subsequently, leveraging single‐cell data from LUAD, we successfully uncovered potential oncological processes associated with BZW1 and further validated them through experimentation. Simultaneously, we continued to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the oncological processes mediated by BZW1. Additionally, we employed various machine learning algorithms to construct prognostic models concerning BZW1 and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Our research firstly demonstrated the elevated expression of BZW1 in various cancer cells. Leveraging single‐cell data from LUAD, we identified that BZW1 regulates the occurrence of EMT in LUAD, a phenomenon validated across multiple LUAD cell lines. Moreover, we further discovered that BZW1 regulates LUAD's EMT process through the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. Lastly, we successfully constructed prognostic models using BZW1‐related genes and EMT genes.
Puerarin alleviates apoptosis and inflammation in kidney stone cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway: Network pharmacology and experimental verification
Authors: Xu Yuexian , Liang Hu , Mao Xike , Song Zhenyu , Shen Xudong , Ge Defeng , Chen Yang , Hou Bingbing , Hao Zongyao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPuerarin(PUE), an isoflavonoid extracted from Pueraria root, has anti‐apoptotic effects. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of PUE on renal apoptosis and inflammation resulting from renal calculi and to elucidate its mechanism. The approach of network pharmacology and molecular docking was employed to discover potential targets and pathways of PUE. An animal model of calcium oxalate crystal deposition by intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate and a model of COM‐induced human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were used to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of PUE against apoptosis and inflammation. We used haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid‐Schiff staining (PAS) to assess the effect of PUE on crystal deposition and damage. The mechanism of PUE was elucidated and validated using Western blotting, histology and immunohistochemical staining. Network pharmacology findings indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a crucial role in PUE. We experimentally demonstrate that PUE alleviated COM‐induced changes in apoptotic proteins, increased inflammatory indicators and changes in oxidative stress‐related indicators in HK2 cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, reduced serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in mice caused by CaOx, alleviated crystal deposition and damage, and alleviated apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Puerarin attenuates renal apoptosis and inflammation caused by kidney stones through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
Authors: Meyle Joerg , Lambert France , Winning Lewis , Bertl Kristina , Bruckmann Corinna , Biosse Duplan Martin , Harrison Peter , Laleman Isabelle , Mattheos Nikos , Molina Ana , Stavropoulos Andreas , de Waal Yvonne C. M. , Yousfi Haitam , Dommisch Henrik , Polyzois Ioannis , Kebschull Moritz 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo (i) evaluate structured postgraduate part‐time programs in periodontology, including those addressing peri‐implant diseases, among members of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), (ii) the impact of the 2018 classification scheme and EFP clinical practice guidelines and (iii) propose a framework for periodontal vocational education and training.Materials and MethodsA summary of relevant European guidelines for vocational education and training was compiled. In a survey and in a systematic review, current part‐time programs in continuing professional education in periodontology as well as in prevention and management of peri‐implant diseases were examined. The implementation and dissemination of the 2018 classification scheme and the EFP clinical practice guidelines were assessed by literature analysis. Based on these findings, a framework for periodontal vocational education and training was generated.ResultsPart‐time programs for professional development in periodontology are established in nine EFP member countries. The systematic review identified lack of knowledge in prevention and management of peri‐implant diseases among dental practitioners and hygienists. Continuing professional development was found to be important for education in prevention, classification and management of periodontal as well as peri‐implant diseases. The proposed European framework consists of an escalator model with three levels (certificate, diploma and master).DiscussionConsidering the identified variation in the national programs, there is a need to improve education in periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. The proposed framework will help harmonize the national structures.ConclusionThe proposed framework for part‐time professional development is expected to enhance professional qualification.
Childhood trajectories of emotional and behavioral difficulties are related to polygenic liability for mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Bakken Nora R. , Parker Nadine , Hannigan Laurie J. , Hagen Espen , Parekh Pravesh , Shadrin Alexey , Jaholkowski Piotr , Frei Evgeniia , Birkenæs Viktoria , Hindley Guy , Hegemann Laura , Corfield Elizabeth C. , Tesli Martin , Havdahl Alexandra , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSymptoms related to mood and anxiety disorders (emotional disorders) often present in childhood and adolescence. Some of the genetic liability for mental disorders, and emotional and behavioral difficulties seems to be shared. Yet, it is unclear how genetic liability for emotional disorders and related traits influence trajectories of childhood behavioral and emotional difficulties, and if specific developmental patterns are associated with higher genetic liability for these disorders.MethodsThis study uses data from a genotyped sample of children (n = 54,839) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We use latent growth models (1.5–5 years) and latent profile analyses (1.5–8 years) to quantify childhood trajectories and profiles of emotional and behavioral difficulties and diagnoses. We examine associations between these trajectories and profiles with polygenic scores for bipolar disorder (PGSBD), anxiety (PGSANX), depression (PGSDEP), and neuroticism (PGSNEUR).ResultsAssociations between PGSDEP, PGSANX, and PGSNEUR, and emotional and behavioral difficulties in childhood were more persistent than age‐specific across early childhood (1.5–5 years). Higher PGSANX and PGSDEP were associated with steeper increases in behavioral difficulties across early childhood. Latent profile analyses identified five profiles with different associations with emotional disorder diagnosis. All PGS were associated with the probability of classification into profiles characterized by some form of difficulties (vs. a normative reference profile), but only PGSBD was uniquely associated with a single developmental profile.ConclusionsGenetic risk for mood disorders and related traits contribute to both a higher baseline level of, and a more rapid increase in, emotional and behavioral difficulties across early and middle childhood, with some indications for disorder‐specific profiles. Our findings may inform research on developmental pathways to emotional disorders and the improvement of initiatives for early identification and targeted intervention.