bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of epiphyton communities on Lake Baikal submerged macrophytes
Authors: Pomazkina Galina , Kravtsova Lyubov , Sorokovikova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We carried out a first study of Lake Baikal epiphyton on six species of submerged macrophytes: Myriophyllum spicatum L., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Potamogeton sp., Sparganium gramineum Georgi, Ceratophyllum demersum L., and Elodea сanadensis Michaux. We identified 70 epiphyton species and intraspecific taxa belonging to 3 phyla, viz. Ochrophyta, Cyanobacteria, and Chlorophyta. Nine species of Cyanobacteria were new records for Lake Baikal. Epiphyton communities differing in species composition and quantitative characteristics grew on diverse species of submerged macrophytes. High levels of species richness were recorded on Sparganiumgramineum and Potamogeton sp., whereas low diversity of epiphyton was observed on Myriophyllum spicatum and Elodea canadensis. A monodominant community was revealed on the invasive Elodea canadensis represented by Cocconeis placentula var. placentula. Specific characteristics of morphology of submerged macrophytes influenced the structural organization and quantitative development of epiphyton. Epiphyton abundance and biomass were higher on upper sections of most plants than on lower sections, probably because of canopy shading of macrophyte lower portions.
Heavy metal remediation technologies in Latvia: possible applications and preliminary case study results / Technologie remediacji obszarów zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi na Łotwie: możliwe zastosowania i wstępne wyniki badań
Authors: Burlakovs Juris , Vircavs Magnuss 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Environmental contamination with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities is not a recent phenomenon. Contaminated sites with heavy metals can be found in functioning as well as abandoned industrial (brownfield) territories, landfills, residential areas with historical contamination, road sides and rarely in polluted sites by natural activities. Pollution data on its amount and concentrations is known from historical studies and monitoring nowadays, but it should be periodically updated for the use of territorial planning or in case of a change of the land use. A special attention should be paid to heavy metal contamination, because in many cases this contamination is most problematic for remediation. 242 territories now are numbered as contaminated and fixed in the National Register of contaminated territories - at least 56 of them are known as contaminated with heavy metals in different amount and concentration. Legislative aspects are discussed as well as an overview of soil and groundwater contamination research and the possible remediation technologies in Latvia are given. Two case studies are described in order to give the inside look in pre-investigations done before potential start of heavy metal remediation works.
Morphometric Characteristics of the Reproductive System in Polish Large White and Polish Landrace Gilts at 100 Kg Body Weight / Charakterystyka morfometryczna układu rozrodczego loszek wielkiej białej polskiej i polskiej białej zwisłouchej przy masie ciała 100 kg
Authors: Kapelański Wojciech , Jankowiak Hanna , Bocian Maria , Grajewska Salomea , Dybała Jan , Żmudzińska Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The study involved an analysis of the developmental stage of reproductive organs collected at slaughter from 160 gilts (Polish Large White (PLW), n = 80; Polish Landrace (PL), n = 80) at 100 kg body weight. Due to a large variation in slaughter age (140-190 days), three groups of animals were set up: A (less than 160 days), B (160 to 180 days) and C (more than 180 days). PL gilts reached their slaughter weight earlier than PLW gilts (P≤0.05). Uterine weight increased with the age of animals but due to high variability and large deviations from the mean value, statistically significant differences were demonstrated only between gilt groups A and B for both breeds together (120.57 g vs. 148.83 g; P≤0.05). Larger differences related to the age of the gilts were found for cervical length between the groups compared (P≤0.01). The total length of the right and left uterine horns showed a significant increase with age in PLW gilts (P≤0.05). The ratio between uterine weight without ligament and the length of uterine horns (g/cm) was significantly higher in group B than in group A in gilts of both breeds together (P≤0.05), which might indicate thickening of the uterine walls. Uterine capacity was significantly higher in older animals yet due to a large variability of this trait, no significant differences between the groups were shown. The length and diameter of oviducts, the weight of each ovary, their sum and dimensions did not reveal any consistent changes associated with the age or breed of pigs. However, the size of the ovaries determined volumetrically and reported as the volume of ovaries in gilts of both breeds was significantly larger in group B compared with C (P≤0.01). No significant differences related to the studied traits were stated between PLW and PL prepubertal gilts. However, the effect of age on morphometric development of the reproductive system was more pronounced in PLW than in PL gilts.
Effect of Dietary Acidifier on Growth, Mortality, Post-Slaughter Parameters and Meat Composition of Broiler Chickens / Wpływ zakwaszacza diety na masę ciała, śmiertelność, wydajność rzeźną i skład mięsa kurcząt rzeźnych
Authors: Brzóska Franciszek , Śliwiński Bogdan , Michalik-Rutkowska Olga 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An experiment with 608 broiler chickens was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary acidifier level on body weight, feed consumption and conversion, mortality, dressing percentage, postmortem carcass traits, tissue composition of breast and leg muscles, and plasma chemical parameters. Feeding the acidifier to chickens at 3, 6 and 9 g/kg of the diet reduced the pH of starter and grower diets from 6.90 to 5.89, and from 6.28 to 5.73, respectively. Compared to the control group, dietary acidification significantly increased body weight of chickens by 6.2, 8.2 and 8.2% at 21 days of age, and by 2.7, 3.6 and 3.7% at 42 days of age, respectively (P<0.01). Mortality decreased from 2.58% in the control group to 0.00-0.59% in the experimental groups (P<0.01). Acidification of the diets increased EEI-index from 327 (control group) to 348 points in the experimental group supplemented with 9% (9 g/kg) acidifier, but had no significant effect on feed consumption and feed conversion ratio among treatments. The relative weight of breast and leg muscles, gizzard, liver and carcass depot fat was not affected by dietary treatments. Breast muscles represented 27.7% (control group) and 27.9% (experimental groups) of the carcass weight. Leg muscles made up 21.5% and 20.7% of the carcass weight, respectively. There were no significant differences in chemical composition of breast and leg muscles, including dry matter, protein and fat content. No significant differences between the control and experimental chickens were noted for determined blood plasma constituents, glucose, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein. The results suggested that organic acid acidifier used in this experiment at the rates of 3 to 9 g/kg diet has a growth enhancing and mortality reducing effect in broiler chickens, with no significant influence on carcass yield, proportion of individual carcass parts and blood plasma constituents. It seems that the amount of 6g of the applied acidifier per kilogram of feed may be recommended as the optimum dietary level if protein in the diet does not exceed 200-230 g crude protein per kilogram of diet.
The Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of Goose Leg Muscles / Wpływ oleju rybnego na profil lipidowy i skład kwasów tłuszczowych oraz stabilność oksydacyjną mięśni nóg gęsi
Authors: Yanovych Dmytro , Czech Anna , Zasadna Zwenyslava 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fish oil added to feed mixtures for geese on their growth, lipid profile and antioxidant status of leg muscles. Ninety-six Arzamas geese were randomly divided into two groups and fed from 30 to 60 days of life standard mixtures containing soybean oil (control) or fish oil at 5%. The addition of fish oil to the feed mixtures for geese increased the content of EPA and DHA, and decreased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in fat of breast muscles compared to birds fed the control mixture. It also resulted in a considerable increase in the content of phospholipids and decreased the content of glycerol, free fatty acids as well as triacylglycerols and esterified cholesterol. The type of fat source had no effect on the content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Drying kinetics of dill leaves in a convective dryer
Authors: Motevali A. , Younji S. , Chayjan R. Amiri , Aghilinategh N. , Banakar A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Thin layer drying characteristics of dill leaves under fixed, semi-fluidized, and fluidized bed conditions were studied at air temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 60°C. In order to find a suitable drying curve, 12 thin layer-drying models were fitted to the experimental data of the moisture ratio. Among the applied mathematical models, the Midilli et al. model was the best for drying behavior prediction in thin layer drying of dill leaves. To obtain the optimum network for drying of dill leaves, various numbers of multilayer feed-forward neural networks were made and tested with different numbers of hidden layers and neurons. The best neural network feed-forward back-propagation topology for the prediction of drying of dill leaves (moisture ratio and drying rate) was the 3-45-2 structure with the training algorithm trainlm and threshold functions logsig and purelin. The coefficient of determination for this topology for training, validation, and testing patterns was 0.9998, 0.9981, and 0.9990, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity of dill leaves during the drying process in different bed types was found to be in the range from 7.10 10-12 to 1.62 10-10 m2 s-1. Also, the values of activation energy were determined to be between 75.435 and 80.118 kJ mol-1
Influence of silver nanoparticles on food components in wheat
Authors: Nawrocka A. , Cieśla J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
During storage, grain might be affected by bacterial and fungal infections. Pathogens diminish the grain quality through contamination with excrements and second metabolites. It is very important to prevent grain from infections. Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles can play the role of an effective protector. The influence of nanoparticles on wheat quality was studied. The gluten parameters and falling number did not change after covering the grain with silver nanoparticles stabilized by sodium citrate. Changes in the structure of starch and gluten were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectra of the whole meal and starch have shown a slight shift (from 1 000 to 995cm-1) of the band connected with the C-O-H bending. This displacement is probably related to the changes in sample moisture. Significant differences, corresponding to changes in the protein secondary structure, have appeared in the gluten spectra after covering.A decrease of absorbance in the amide and CH and OH regions has been observed regardless of the covering time.
Spatial variability of uncultivated soils in derived savanna
Authors: Obalum S.E. , Oppong J. , Igwe C.A. , Watanabe Y. , Obi M.E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The spatial variability of some physicochemical properties of topsoils/subsoils under secondary forest, grassland fallow, and bare-soil fallow of three locations was evaluated. The data were analyzed and described using classical statistical parameters. Based on the coefficient of variation, bulk density, total porosity, 60-cm-tension moisture content, and soil pH were of low variability. Coarse and fine sand were of moderate variability. Highly variable soil properties included silt, clay, macroporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter concentration, and cation exchange capacity. Overall, soil pH and silt varied the least and the most, respectively. Relative weighting showed that location dominantly influenced the soil variability, except for soil porosity and organic matter concentration influenced mostly by land use. Most of the soil data were normally distributed; others were positively skewed and/or kurtotic. The minimum number of samples (at 25 samples ha-1) required to estimate mean values of soil properties was highly soil property-specific, ranging from 1 (topsoil pH-H2O) to 246 (topsoil silt). Cation exchange capacity of subsoils related fairly strongly with cation exchange capacity of topsoils (R2 = 0.63). Spatial variability data can be used to extrapolate dynamic soil properties across a derived-savanna landscape.
Physical properties of kumquat fruit
Authors: Jaliliantabar F. , Lorestani A.N. , Gholami R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.
Usage of Connor Inlets to Eliminate Shrinkage
Authors: Fecko D. , Vasková I. , Eperješi Ľ. , Závodný M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The demand for castings of high quality and sound work is nowadays very high. The production of sound castings without foundry errors is the big issue in modern foundries. Foundry simulation software can do a lot to help improve the disposition of castings, gating system and feeder system, and assure good filling and solidification conditions, and also produce sound casting without the need of the old method of "try and error". One can easily change a lot of parameters for filling and solidification, and create the best proposal for production. Connor inlets have two functions. One is that it serves as an ingate, through which molten metal passes and comes into the mould cavity. The second function is that it serves as a feeder and substitutes the metal contracted during solidification and cooling of the castings. It can also save quite a lot of metal in comparison to classic feeders.
Continuous Modification of Cast Iron By the FLORET Method
Authors: Hanus A. , Hanusová P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Increasing demands on the utility properties of materials used for castings have led to the production of cast iron with a modified shape of graphite, where the required properties are achieved by a change in graphite shape, its size and layout, and a change in the basic structure of the metal. This paper is focused on the continuous method of producing spheroidal graphite FLOTRET.
In the introductory section is summarized the theoretical foundations of the secondary treatment of cast irons, especially the FLOTRET flow method, describes the advantages and disadvantages of the method. The practical part is divided into laboratory and operational tests. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a laboratory-type modifier FLOTRET chamber, which was designed and hydraulically optimized. Experiments were focused on the effects of pressure altitude and amount of modifier on the residual values of magnesium, as conditions for a successful modification. The method was tested in two foundries under operating conditions and in one of them was observed a long-term modification process.
Analysis of the Compounds from the BTEX Group, Emitted During Thermal Decomposition of Alkyd Resin
Authors: Kubecki M. , Holtzer M. , Bobrowski A. , Dańko R. , Grabowska B. , Żymankowska-Kumon S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Suitability of the given binding agent for the moulding sands preparation depends on the one hand on the estimation of technological properties of the sand and the mould made of it and the obtained casting quality and on the other hand on the assessment of this sand influence on the natural and working environment. Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin (phenol-formaldehyde, urea, furfuryl, urea-furfuryl, alkyd) under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be formed and released.
The aim of the study was the development of the method, selection of analytical methods and the determination of optimal conditions of formation compounds from the BTEX group. An emission of these components constitutes one of the basic criteria of the harmfulness assessment of binders applied for moulding and core sands. Investigations were carried out in the specially designed set up for the thermal decomposition of organic substances in a temperature range: 5000C - 13000C at the laboratory scale. The object for testing was alkyd resin applied as a binding material for moulding sands. Within investigations the minimal amount of adsorbent necessary for the adsorption of compounds released during the decomposition of the resin sample of a mass app. 15 mg was selected. Also the minimal amount of solvent needed for the desorption of compounds adsorbed in the column with adsorbent was found. The temperature range, in which the maximal amounts of benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene and xylenes are released from the resin, was defined. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds from the BTEX group were performed by means of the gas chromatography combined with the mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Casting Ductile Iron in Layer Moulds Made from Ecological Sands
Authors: Rączka M. , Gandurski K. , Isendorf B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The article contains the results of tests performed under the target project in Hardtop Foundry Charsznica. The objective of the tests and studies was to develop a technology of making high-quality ductile iron castings, combined with effective means of environmental protection. The studies presented in this article related to castings weighing from 1 to 300 kg made from ductile iron of grades 400-15 and 500-7, using two-layer moulds, where the facing and core sand was the sand with an alkaline organic binder, while backing sand was the sand with an inorganic geopolymer binder.
A simplified method of sand reclamation was applied with possible reuse of the reclaim as an addition to the backing sand. The cast iron spheroidising treatment and inoculation were selected taking into account the specific conditions of Hardtop Foundry. A pilot batch of castings was made, testing the gating and feeding systems and using exothermic sleeves on risers. The study confirmed the validity of the adopted concept of making ductile iron castings in layer moulds, while maintaining the content of sand with an organic binder at a level of maximum 15%.
Czesław Miłosz „Syn arcykapłana” – interpretacja wiersza
Authors: Bernacki Marek 
Published: May 2018

Summary
This analysis of Czesław Miłosz’s late poem The Archpriest’s Son from his volume LastPoems (2006) combines a hermeneutic interpretation of this text in its historic, religious and theological contexts (the relevant contexts are sought in the writings of Geza Vermes and Leszek Kołakowski). Imitating the rhetorical patterns of the classical judicial oratio, the poem presents the contradictory assessessments of the character of Jesus. While the Christians believe him to be the Son of God and Messiah, the Orthodox Jews denounce him as a traitor and blasphemer. Miłosz problematizes the issue of Jesus’ identity without throwing his weight behind any of the two parties. It would seem that his intention is to make the reader think the key issue over by himself.
The analysis of visual variables for use in the cartographic design of point symbols for mobile Augmented Reality applications
Authors: Halik Łukasz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The objective of the present deliberations was to systematise our knowledge of static visual variables used to create cartographic symbols, and also to analyse the possibility of their utilisation in the Augmented Reality (AR) applications on smartphone-type mobile devices. This was accomplished by combining the visual variables listed over the years by different researchers. Research approach was to determine the level of usefulness of particular characteristics of visual variables such as selective, associative, quantitative and order. An attempt was made to provide an overview of static visual variables and to describe the AR system which is a new paradigm of the user interface.
Changing the approach to the presentation of point objects is caused by applying different perspective in the observation of objects (egocentric view) than it is done on traditional analogue maps (geocentric view). Presented topics will refer to the fast-developing field of cartography, namely mobile cartography. Particular emphasis will be put on smartphone-type mobile devices and their applicability in the process of designing cartographic symbols.
Toxicity Testing of Sediments
Authors: Šestinová Oľga , Findoráková Lenka , Hančuľák Jozef 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study presents the results of the testing toxicity of the contaminated sediments from the water reservoir of Ružín No.I deposit (Slovak Republic) by using Phytotoxkit tests (MicroBioTests Inc., Belgium). The Phytotoxkit system is a screening tool used for a variety of toxicity testing applications. The advantages of this toxicity bioassay are its speed, relative simplicity and low cost compared to chemical analysis and many other biotests. Evaluation of sediments phytotoxicity was based on the testing of seed germination and the assesment of the root growth decrease of the plant Sinapis alba which allows to complete the assays after only 3 days of incubacion. Chemical analysis of the sediment samples involved determination of heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Sb and Hg) concentration. No potential phytotoxic effect of heavy metals in contaminated sediments was observed in the majority of tested seeds of Sinapis alba.
Removal of Cd2+ And Pb2+ from Aqueous Solutions Using Bio-Char Residues
Authors: Štefušová Katarína , Lovás Michal , Zubrik Anton , Matik Marek , Václavíková Miroslava 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, wheat straw and rapeseed residues before and after microwave pyrolysis during biooil production were studied as potential sorbents of heavy metals. The sorbents were characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Sorption properties of the materials were investigated using batch adsorption-equilibrium experiments and the effect of initial Cd and Pb concentration was studied. The experimental data fit Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum sorption affinity of studied materials was observed in the case of rapeseed and its sorption capacity was 31.6 and 83.5 mg/g for Cd and Pb, respectively.