bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sector-level objectives and associated inhibiting and enabling factors for the Indian real estate sector from a process standardisation perspective
Authors: Mukherjee Kamal K. , Iyer K.C. , Sawhney Anil 
Published: February 2019

PurposeA perceived uniqueness of real estate (RE) projects has led to a view among RE practitioners that since no two RE projects are the same, they must all follow their own unique set of processes. Further, local exigencies often result in the very processes agreed at the beginning of every project being changed, thereby making projects unpredictable for delivery within time and budget, or to the standards of quality expected. Maintaining the need to follow pre-defined standard processes in RE operations, the purpose of this paper is to focus on two converging tracks: the first track studies available sector-level competitiveness frameworks appropriate for RE to formulate RE sector objectives; and the second track retains the process standardisation perspective to comprehensively identify a set of factors that influence the defined sector objectives.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology adopted comprises, respectively, for the two tracks, a focussed literature review and semi-structured interviews with 30 Indian RE sector practitioners working at levels of consequence, supported by qualitative interpretive analysis. As a sustained development requires all stakeholders to have their concerns addressed, this research leads to the formulation of four sector objectives, one for each stakeholder group identified. Furthermore, two sets of factors (inhibiting and enabling) are deduced from stakeholder interviews reinforced by secondary literature as those that would influence the realisation of the objectives from the standpoint of processes and their standardisation.FindingsIt is thought that factors identified here will inform actionable strategies for a transformation to the long-elusive process and standards-based delivery in the Indian RE sector. Such strategies will not only lead to the next spate of improvements from innovative processes and standards thereof but will also equip RE players with the wherewithal to successfully engage globally.Originality/valueThis work extends the earlier research to shift from a function to process orientation in RE and bridges research gaps in each of the tracks mentioned above: the articulation of RE sector objectives, and identification of factors influencing the objectives.
Preparation of composite fabric loaded with mi-croencapsulated plant extracts and its inhibitory effect on lipase
Authors: Wang Rui , Li Mengxuan , Liu Xing , Sun Yanli 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This study aims to elaborate on the microencapsulation of the plant extract (PE, from Camellia sinensis leaf, clover flower and cocoa flower) and the preparation of a slow-release lining fabric loading the PE microcapsule.

Design/methodology/approach
PE was microencapsulated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) shells through interfacial polymerization. The morphology, thermal stability, slow-release property and drug loading ratio of the PVA/PE microcapsules were characterized to ensure the availability in coating finishing. To find the optimum parameters, the composite fabrics were prepared from non-woven fabrics coated by calcium alginate hydrogel, which glued mass fractions of microcapsules and dried in different ways. To evaluate the effectiveness, a lipase enzyme activity test was conducted.

Findings
Under optimal conditions, the PVA/PE microcapsules with smooth surface have an average particle size of 14.5 um, and they are expected to reach a loading ratio of 38.5 per cent while remaining stable under 220°C. Given a microcapsule of 4 per cent (of the mass), the composite fabric has a good hand feeling, being prepared through calcium chloride coating. It is shown that the inhibition ratios of the microcapsules and composite fabrics on lipase are 31.3 and 21.0 per cent, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
The composite fabric could be prepared through the other finishing methods such as padding and printing. In addition, the release mechanism of the composite could be studied.

Practical implications
This study provided a simple and effective way to prolong the duration of PE. This way was conductive to protect environmental sensitive PEs from being destroyed in compositing processes.

Originality/value
Preparing composite fabrics for transdermal delivery system was novel and other kind of plant extracts could be used in this way.
Market-power, stability and risk-taking: an analysis surrounding the riba-free banking
Authors: Louhichi Awatef , Louati Salma , Boujelbene Younes 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Analysis of the trade-off between competition and financial stability has been at the center of academic and policy debate for over two decades and especially since the 2007-2008 global financial crises. This study aims to provide particular attention to the Islamic banking system which principally involves with the riba-free instruments as compared to the conventional interest-based system. The results show that an increase in the concentration in the conventional banking sector can lead to the deterioration of stability through the increased prices. For Islamic banks, an increase of the market power can positively affect the banking stability.

Design/methodology/approach
Two complementary approaches, namely, one-step generalized method of moment (GMM) system analysis and panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) framework, were applied.

Findings
The results show the same effect of Islamic and conventional banks’ market power on banking soundness; yet, a different effect is displayed with non-performing loans (NPLs). In particular, the “competition–fragility” assumption for both banking industries is supported when considering z-score as the dependent variable. Including NPLs, this postulation is still approved for conventional banks; however, the “competition–stability” postulation is supported for Islamic banks.

Originality/value
The existent literature was scarcely interested in exploring the concept of competitivity in the context of Islamic banking sector as compared to the conventional one by applying two complementary approaches, namely, GMM and PVAR. This later allows to test the effect and the feedback effect of the competition and stability concepts.
Clinical management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum across primary and secondary care: a population‐based study
Authors: Fiaschi L , Nelson‐Piercy C , Deb S , King R , Tata LJ 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo assess how nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) are managed and treated across primary and secondary care.DesignPopulation‐based pregnancy cohort.SettingMedical records (CPRD‐GOLD) from England.Population417 028 pregnancies during 1998–2014.MethodsProportions of pregnancies with recorded NVP/HG diagnoses, primary care treatment, and hospital admissions were calculated. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to estimate adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs) with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between NVP/HG management paths and maternal characteristics.Main outcome measuresNVP/HG diagnoses, treatments, and hospital admissions.ResultsOverall prevalence of clinically recorded NVP/HG was 9.1%: 2.1% had hospital admissions, 3.4% were treated with antiemetics in primary care only, and 3.6% had only recorded diagnoses. Hospital admissions and antiemetic prescribing increased continuously during 1998–2013 (trend P < 0.001). Younger age, deprivation, Black/Asian/mixed ethnicity, and multiple pregnancy were associated with NVP/HG generally across all levels, but associations were strongest for hospital admissions. Most comorbidities had patterns of association with NVP/HG levels. Among women with NVP/HG who had no hospital admissions, 49% were prescribed antiemetics, mainly from first‐line treatment (21% prochlorperazine, 15% promethazine, 13% cyclizine) and metoclopramide (10%). Of those admitted, 38% had prior antiemetic prescriptions (34% first‐line, 9% second‐line, 1% third‐line treatment).ConclusionPrevious focus on hospital admissions has greatly underestimated the NVP/HG burden. Although primary care prescribing has increased, most women admitted to hospital have no antiemetics prescribed before this. An urgent call is made to assess whether admissions could be prevented with better primary care recognition and timely treatment.Tweetable abstractThe NVP/HG burden is increasing over time and management optimisation should be high priority to help reduce hospital admissions.
Our observations with cold calling: Patient anger and undesirable experiences
Authors: Taylor David McD , Kant Joyce A , Dombagolla Mahesha HK , Lai Fiona WY , Hendarto Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the effects of the ‘cold calling’ technique (telephone contact without prior warning) for patient follow up in ED research. Recently, we undertook a prospective, observational pain management study. Patients were cold called 48 h post‐discharge and surveyed regarding their pain management satisfaction. We made contact with 778 patients. Among these, we observed 12 cases of patient anger: mistaken identity, disbelief that the hospital was calling, frustration that test results and appointment times could not be provided, abuse about ED management and outpourings of sadness. We also observed eight cases of an undesirable experience for either the patient, their family or the caller: five patients had died (including one ‘at her last moments’), precipitation of patient distress and uncomfortable situations for the caller. Given our experience, we believe that cold calling should be avoided, where possible, and other techniques (e.g. limited disclosure) considered as alternatives.
Comparison of acoustic and traditional point count methods to assess bird diversity and composition in the Aberdare National Park, Kenya
Authors: Wheeldon Amie , Mossman Hannah L. , Sullivan Martin J. P. , Mathenge James , de Kort Selvino R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAfromontane forests, like those in the Aberdare National Park (ANP) in Kenya, sustain unique avifaunal assemblages. There is a growing need for biodiversity inventories for Afromontane forests, especially through the utilisation of unskilled observers. Acoustic surveys are a potential aid to this, but more comparisons of this technique with that of traditional point counts are needed. We conducted a systematic survey of the ANP avifauna, assessing whether acoustic and traditional surveys resulted in different species richness scores, and whether this varied with habitat and species characteristics. We also investigated the role of habitat and elevation in driving variation in species richness. The ANP provides habitat types including scrub, moorland, montane, hagenia and bamboo forests. Overall, the surveys yielded 101 identified species. The acoustic method resulted in higher species richness scores compared to the traditional method across all habitats, and the relative performance of the two methods did not vary with habitat type or visibility. The methods detected different species, suggesting that they should be used together to maximise the range of species recorded. We found that habitat type was the primary driver of variation in species richness, with scrub and montane forest having higher species richness scores than other habitats.
Uses and mechanisms of apnoeic oxygenation: a narrative review
Authors: Lyons C. , Callaghan M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryApnoeic oxygenation refers to oxygenation in the absence of spontaneous respiration or mechanical ventilation. It has been described in humans for over half a century and has seen a resurgence in interest given its potential to delay oxygen desaturation during airway management, especially with the advent of high‐flow nasal cannulae. This narrative review summarises our current understanding of the mechanisms of gas exchange during apnoeic oxygenation and its diverse range of clinical applications, including its use at induction of anaesthesia and for the facilitation of ‘tubeless anaesthesia’. Additional discussion covers use in critical care, obese, obstetric and paediatric sub‐populations. The article also highlights current research efforts aiming to enhance the evidence base for the use of this technique.
Alpha lipoic acid reverses the negative effect of LPS on mouse spermatozoa and developmental competence of resultant embryos in vitro
Authors: Makvandi A. , Kowsar R. , Hajian M. , Mahdavi A. H. , Tanhaei Vash N. , Nasr‐Esfahani M. H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundReproductive toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on spermatozoa is well established.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to show the potential benefits of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as a strong antioxidant in alleviating the reproductive toxicity of LPS.Materials and methodsSperm cells and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from healthy NMRI mice (body weights ranged from 25 to 35 g, 100 females and 200 males). Sperm cells were treated with varying doses of ALA (0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 mm) and 0.01 μg/mL of LPS for 4 h. The quality of spermatozoa (ROS production, DNA fragmentation, and spontaneous acrosome reaction), sperm fertilizability, and the consequent developmental competence of oocytes inseminated with ALA/LPS‐treated spermatozoa were recorded.ResultsThe results showed that 0.04 mm of ALA abrogated LPS‐reduced sperm motility, viability, ROS production, spontaneous acrosome reaction, fertilizability, and developmental competence. In addition, 0.04 mm ALA significantly reverted the negative effects of LPS on inner cell mass (ICM) cell counts, total cell number (TCM), and ratio between ICM and TCM.DiscussionOur data showed that ALA significantly could abrogate the negative effects of LPS on sperm quality and oocyte developmental competence. Therefore, ALA had the capacity for protecting sperm cells from LPS‐induced damage and ensured fertilization and developmental competency.ConclusionThese in vitro findings suggested a therapeutic role for ALA in reducing the negative effects of LPS on spermatozoa and early embryonic development.
Lymphoma diagnostics: getting more from less
Authors: Galardy Paul J. , Bedekovics Tibor , Macintyre Elizabeth , Miles Rodney R. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn the modern era, clinicians and pathologists increasingly make challenging diagnoses in patients with suspected lymphoma using minimal amounts of diagnostic material. The increase in utilization of minimally invasive procedures, such as fine needle aspiration or needle core biopsies, lead to challenges in our ability to make accurate histopathological assessments of disease, including the integration of new diagnostic and prognostic testing, with smaller amounts of material. The trend towards minimally invasive diagnostics is also often in conflicting interest with researchers seeking to study tissue specimens to better understand the biology and genetics of these diseases to move the field forward. Thankfully, there are emerging fields which seek to extract large amounts of diagnostic and prognostic data out of material that is circulating in the blood of patients with lymphoma. Here we will review recent exciting data regarding the use of circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA, and the detection and utility of circulating exosomes and how it can assist in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring. These advances hold the promise to enable continued safe patient care while also advancing discovery, translational and clinical research.
Personal, environmental, and family factors of participation among young children
Authors: Williams Uzma , Law Mary , Hanna Steven , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to assess the influences of environment, population characteristics, and service utilization on participation frequency and involvement in the home setting among children 0 to 5 years.MethodData were collected from parents of 236 children (mean age 3 years and 5 months, SD = 1.30, girls = 152 and boys = 84) using a children's treatment centre in Ontario through an online survey. Two path models measuring home frequency and home involvement were assessed using structural equation modelling. The exogenous factors in the models included child's age, child's sex, child's complexity, number of environmental barriers, income, mother's participation, and service utilization. In addition to participation as the primary outcome, each model explored predictors of service utilization and mother's participation.ResultsThe involvement model (R2 = 0.46) explained more variance than the frequency model (R2 = 0.33). Age (0.35, P < 0.001) and barriers (0.07, P = 0.001) predicted participation frequency in the home, χ2(9) = 8.51, P < 0.4, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.00, comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.00. The home involvement model, χ2(6) = 9.79, P < 0.13, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.97, showed that increasing age (0.09, P < 0.001), lower complexity (0.13, P = 0.001), and higher mother's participation (0.057, P = 0.001) were significantly related to higher participation. An increase in child's age or complexity significantly influenced service utilization across both models. Complexity reduced mother's participation in both the frequency and involvement models.ConclusionsThis study is one of the first in Canada to examine participation of young children. The aggregation of each unit factor, particularly barriers and complexity, can accrue a large impact on the child's and mother's participation. The potential to mediate this impact by removing environmental barriers and promoting mother's participation merits further study.
Assessing the cost‐effectiveness of a fluoride varnish programme in Chile: The use of a decision analytic model in dentistry
Authors: Palacio Raul , Shen Jing , Vale Luke , Vernazza Christopher Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study illustrates the use of a decision analytic model (DAM) to evaluate whether fluoride varnish application (FV) increases the proportion of caries‐free children in the Chilean preschool population, at an acceptable cost.MethodsDifferentFVinterventions were compared with an oral health counselling‐only intervention. TheFVinterventions were tested (with and without screening) every 6 months over 2 years, in either a preschool setting or during a well‐child programme appointment in a primary care setting. A Markov model was developed to simulate theFVperformance. The model was populated with data obtained from Chilean epidemiologic studies, a systematic review and a costing study. The counselling‐only intervention was compared withFVinterventions to estimate the incremental cost per child. As there was uncertainty in terms of precise parameter values both probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsDelivery ofFVin a primary care setting without screening was the most effective and the least costly intervention. Compared with counselling‐only intervention, this intervention increased the prevalence of caries‐free children in the population by 3.7%, with an extra cost (in March 2015) of £3 per caries‐free child. The results were sensitive to the starting age ofFVapplication; increasing age would reduce the cost‐effectiveness of theFVintervention. Furthermore, cost‐effectiveness improves if some equipment such as an oral hygiene kit was not used and if less costly but qualified staff appliedFVrather than dentists.ConclusionsThis analysis allowed the comparison of the performance ofFVin realistic scenarios incorporating important aspects of health and education policies. The application ofFVin a primary care setting was the most cost‐effective strategy. The work demonstrated that both the methodology and results are useful for decision‐makers.
Long‐term structural changes and outcomes of implants in particulate cellular bone and marrow reconstructed jawbone
Authors: Matsuo Akira , Hamada Hayato , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Chikazu Daichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAssociation between long‐term structural changes of grafted bone and outcomes of the implants is not clear.PurposeMorphometrical measurements and implant success were analyzed in subjects of particulate cellular bone and marrow (PCBM) reconstruction of the jawbone.Materials and MethodsSubjects were 30 implants in 13 patients from a series of 24 PCBM reconstruction cases. The cortical bone thickness and cancellous computed tomography (CT) radiodensity values were retrospectively analyzed from the CT data of 27 subjects. The cumulative success rate of the implants in the PCBM reconstructed cases (pure graft) was compared with that of 127 implants of 56 native bone cases and 42 implants of 28 bone augmentation (partial graft) cases.ResultsIn areas of PCBM reconstruction, cancellous CT radiodensity values were significantly high immediately after the surgery, and subsequently the values became stable. Cortical thickness was significantly increased, but did not reach that of native bone. Implant success rates were statistically not different (P = 0.783) between the native bone (91.3%), the partially grafted bone (95.2%), and the PCBM reconstructed bone (93.3%).ConclusionImplants in pure grafted bone are mainly supported by cancellous bone, because cortical thickness remained thin for a long period of time.
University students use fewer protective behavioural strategies on high‐intensity drinking days
Authors: Linden‐Carmichael Ashley N. , Calhoun Brian H. , Patrick Megan E. , Maggs Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsHigh‐intensity drinking (HID), or consuming 8+ (10+) drinks in one sitting for women (men), is associated with significant harm. We compared the likelihood of individuals using protective behavioural strategies (PBS) on days with varying levels of drinking (HID, heavy episodic‐only drinking [4‐7/5‐9 drinks for women/men], moderate drinking [1‐3/1‐4 drinks]).Design and MethodsWe used an intensive repeated measures longitudinal design with four 14‐day measurement bursts across 2 years (N = 258 university students [50.0% female, average age of 19.95 (SD = 0.41) years] who provided 3176 daily drinking reports). Each drinking day, participants reported the amount of alcohol consumed and whether they used PBS.ResultsMultilevel models indicated that, relative to heavy episodic drinking‐only days, students were more likely to use strategies of avoiding drinking too quickly on moderate drinking days (odds ratio = 1.90, confidence interval 1.50–2.40) but less likely on HID days (odds ratio = 0.38, confidence interval 0.29–0.48). Relative to heavy episodic drinking‐only days, students were less likely to use strategies to protect themselves from serious harm on moderate days (odds ratio = 0.53, confidence interval 0.41–0.67) and equally likely on HID days (odds ratio = 0.84, confidence interval 0.93–1.41).Discussion and ConclusionsDespite elevated risk for alcohol‐related harms when drinking most heavily, PBS may be under‐utilised on higher‐risk drinking occasions. In light of prior work supporting the effectiveness of PBS at reducing harms on HID days, increasing PBS should be emphasised in future prevention and intervention efforts.