bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivo
Authors: Bressan Marco , Leucci Stefano , Panconesi Alessandro 
Published: September 2019

The randomized technique of color coding is behind state-of-the-art algorithms for estimating graph motif counts. Those algorithms, however, are not yet capable of scaling well to very large graphs with billions of edges. In this paper we develop novel tools for the "motif counting via color coding" framework. As a result, our new algorithm, MOTIYO, scales to much larger graphs while at the same time providing more accurate motif counts than ever before. This is achieved thanks to two types of improvements. First, we design new succinct data structures for fast color coding operations, and a biased coloring trick that trades accuracy versus resource usage. These optimizations drastically reduce the resource requirements of color coding. Second, we develop an adaptive motif sampling strategy, based on a fractional set cover problem, that breaks the additive approximation barrier of standard sampling. This gives multiplicative approximations for all motifs at once, allowing us to count not only the most frequent motifs but also extremely rare ones.
To give an idea of the improvements, in 40 minutes MOTIVO counts 7-nodes motifs on a graph with 65M nodes and 1.8B edges; this is 30 and 500 times larger than the state of the art, respectively in terms of nodes and edges. On the accuracy side, in one hour MOTIVO produces accurate counts of ≈ 10.000 distinct 8-node motifs on graphs where state-of-the-art algorithms fail even to find the second most frequent motif. Our method requires just a high-end desktop machine. These results show how color coding can bring motif mining to the realm of truly massive graphs using only ordinary hardware.
Combating fake news
Authors: Lakshmanan Laks V. S. , Simpson Michael , Thirumuruganathan Saravanan 
Published: September 2019

Fake news is a major threat to global democracy resulting in diminished trust in government, journalism and civil society. The public popularity of social media and social networks has caused a contagion of fake news where conspiracy theories, disinformation and extreme views flourish. Detection and mitigation of fake news is one of the fundamental problems of our times and has attracted widespread attention. While fact checking websites such as snopes, politifact and major companies such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter have taken preliminary steps towards addressing fake news, much more remains to be done. As an interdisciplinary topic, various facets of fake news have been studied by communities as diverse as machine learning, databases, journalism, political science and many more.
The objective of this tutorial is two-fold. First, we wish to familiarize the database community with the efforts by other communities on combating fake news. We provide a panoramic view of the state-of-the-art of research on various aspects including detection, propagation, mitigation, and intervention of fake news. Next, we provide a concise and intuitive summary of prior research by the database community and discuss how it could be used to counteract fake news. The tutorial covers research from areas such as data integration, truth discovery and fusion, probabilistic databases, knowledge graphs and crowdsourcing from the lens of fake news. Effective tools for addressing fake news could only be built by leveraging the synergistic relationship between database and other research communities. We hope that our tutorial provides an impetus towards such synthesis of ideas and the creation of new ones.
Hardy–Sobolev inequality with higher dimensional singularity
Authors: Thiam El Hadji Abdoulaye 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
For

N
≥
4

{N\geq 4}

, we let Ω be a smooth bounded domain of

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

, Γ a smooth closed submanifold of Ω of dimension k, with

1
≤
k
≤

N
-
2

{1\leq k\leq N-2}

, and h a continuous function defined on Ω.
We denote by

ρ
Γ

⁢

(
⋅
)

:=

dist
⁡

(
⋅
,
Γ
)

{\rho_{\Gamma}(\,\cdot\,):=\operatorname{dist}(\,\cdot\,,\Gamma)}

the distance function to Γ. For

σ
∈

(
0
,
2
)

{\sigma\in(0,2)}

, we study the existence of positive solutions

u
∈

H
0
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

{u\in H^{1}_{0}(\Omega)}

to the nonlinear equation

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

h
⁢
u

=

ρ
Γ

-
σ

⁢

u

2
*

⁢

(
σ
)

-
1

in
⁢
Ω

,

-\Delta u+hu=\rho_{\Gamma}^{-\sigma}u^{2^{*}(\sigma)-1}\quad\text{in }\Omega,

where

2
*

⁢

(
σ
)

:=

2
⁢

(

N
-
σ

)

N
-
2

{2^{*}(\sigma):=\frac{2(N-\sigma)}{N-2}}

is the critical Hardy–Sobolev exponent. In particular, we prove the existence of solution under the influence of the local geometry of Γ and the potential h.
A Reduced Crouzeix–Raviart Immersed Finite Element Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces
Authors: Jo Gwanghyun , Kwak Do Young 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop a reduced Crouzeix–Raviart immersed finite element method (RCRIFEM) for two-dimensional elasticity problems with interface, which is based on the Kouhia–Stenberg finite element method (Kouhia et al. 1995) and Crouzeix–Raviart IFEM (CRIFEM) (Kwak et al. 2017).
We use a

P
1

{P_{1}}

-conforming like element for one of the components of the displacement vector, and a

P
1

{P_{1}}

-nonconforming like element for the other component.
The number of degrees of freedom of our scheme is reduced to two thirds of CRIFEM.
Furthermore, we can choose penalty parameters independent of the Poisson ratio.
One of the penalty parameters depends on Lamé’s second constant μ, and the other penalty parameter is independent of both μ and λ.
We prove the optimal order error estimates in piecewise

H
1

{H^{1}}

-norm, which is independent of the Poisson ratio.
Numerical experiments show optimal order of convergence both in

L
2

{L^{2}}

and piecewise

H
1

{H^{1}}

-norms for all problems including nearly incompressible cases.
Moral Foundations, System Justification, and Support for Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron C. , Dawes Christopher T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We examine the role of moral foundations and system justification in explaining support for Donald Trump in the 2016 general election using data from the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. A number of important findings emerge. First, we find that there are important partisan and ideological differences when it comes to moral foundations and system justification. Second, we find that moral foundations predict support for Trump above and beyond traditional determinants of vote choice such as ideology, partisanship, religiosity, and demographic characteristics. Third, we find that a measure of political system justification is not related to vote choice in our sample. This casts doubt on the idea that support for Trump was mostly about protesting the political system. This paper adds to the growing body of research showing that psychological concepts and theories are important in understanding voter decision-making in the 2016 presidential election and in elections more generally.
High-risk behaviors and demographic features: a cross-sectional study among Iranian adolescents
Authors: Ghahremani Leila , Nazari Mahin , Changizi Maryam , Kaveh Mohamad Hossein 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background and objectives
High-risk behaviors are considered to be a serious threat among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of unhealthy and high-risk behaviors and their relationship with demographic features in adolescents living in Shiraz, Iran.

Materials and methods
The present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 483 students in the 10th grade of high school. The data were collected using a demographic information form and a modified adolescents high-risk behaviors questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the test-retest method. Afterwards, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (IBM), version 22 and were analyzed using the chi-square (χ2) test, logistic regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
High-risk health behaviors were significantly correlated to adolescents’ gender, parents’ occupations and education levels, length of residency in Shiraz and talking about important things with one’s parents (p < 0.03). Gender predicted 52% of variance of bullying behaviors at school [Exp(B) = 0.502, p < 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.261–0.996]. In fact, most high-risk behaviors were associated with gender (p < 0.001). Indeed, bullying was mostly reported in boys, while being hopeless or sad, suicide attempts and appropriate weight loss behaviors were mostly reported among girls. Additionally, the frequency of smoking cigarettes and using hookahs was higher among girls compared to boys (23.1% for smoking cigarettes and 39.6% for using hookahs). However, no significant correlation was observed between gender and smoking cigarettes and using hookahs (p > 0.704 for smoking cigarettes and p > 0.118 for using hookahs). The most prevalent high-risk behaviors were physical fighting (51.1%), being sad or hopeless (35.2%), alcohol abuse (26.7%), overweight (14.7%) and obesity (8.1%) in both genders. Based on the results, only 26.5% of the adolescents had sufficient physical activity. Besides, the adolescents’ weight scores were significantly correlated to eating green salads (p < 0.01), which was seen more among overweight adolescents.

Conclusion
The findings indicated that adolescents’ gender and their parents’ roles should be taken into consideration in designing health promotion programs, such as mental health and its related skills. This would eventually result in the prevention and reduction of unhealthy habits.
Catalytic Combustion of Chlorobenzene with VOx/CeO2 Catalysts： Influence of Catalyst Synthesis Method
Authors: Shi Qi , Long Hong-ming , Chun Tie-jun , Gao Zhi-fang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
VOx/CeO2 catalysts with various nanostructure were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and used in catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene (CB) at a low temperature. XRD, BET, TEM, Raman, XPS, and H2-TPR were employed to reveal that catalysts VOx on CeO2 support had considerable activity for CB combustion. VOx/CeO2 catalysts prepared with ammonium to adjust pH value and added P123 as a surfactant, showed the highest CB conversion ratio of 60 % at 250 °C and 100 % at 400 °C. It showed that preparation method could infect the shape evolution and surface species during the synthesis. The new phase CeVO4 formed in VOx/CeO2 catalysts improved the catalysts efficiency by increasing oxygen vacancies.
Crocin treatment decreased pancreatic atrophy, LOX-1 and RAGE mRNA expression of pancreas tissue in cholesterol-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Bayatpoor Mohammad Ehsan , Mirzaee Saeed , Karami Abd Mohammad , Mohammadi Mohammad Taghi , Shahyad Shima , Bahari Zahra , Raouf Sarshoori Javad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Oxidative stress in diabetic mellitus is a consequence of oxidative stress, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic tissue damage. Receptors for advanced glycation end products and for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have critical contribution in oxidative tissue damage. The present study investigated whether anti-diabetic effects of Crocin via modulation of mRNA expression of RAGE and LOX-1 receptors in diabetic rats.

Methods
In the current study, high-fat cholesterol (HFC) and streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) used to induce type II diabetes. Experimental groups as follows: (Group 1: control); (Group 2: control treatment [Crocin]); (Group 3: DM [STZ]); (Group 4: DM treatment [STZ + Crocin]); (Group 5; DM + HFC [STZ + HFC]); (Group 6; DM + HFC treatment [STZ + HFC + Crocin]). Crocin (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) administered in treatment groups for 60 days. Serum glucose and cholesterol levels evaluated on days 5, 30 and 60 after induction of DM. Pancreatic tissue from all group removed on day 60 for histological and RT-PCR analysis.

Results
Application of Crocin significantly decreased serum cholesterol levels on day 60 after induction of DM in diabetic + HFC rats. Moreover, Crocin significantly decreased serum glucose levels on days 30 and 60 both in diabetic and diabetic + HFC rats. Crocin partially prevented the atrophic effects of STZ on both exocrine and endocrine parts of pancreas. Additionally, Crocin significantly decreased LOX-1 and RAGE mRNA expression OF pancreas in diabetic rats.

Conclusion
The current study suggested that Crocin suppressed atrophic change of the pancreas by decrease of LOX-1 and RAGE mRNA expression in diabetic rats.
A Sound-Sensitive Source of Alpha Oscillations in Human Non-Primary Auditory Cortex
Authors: Billig Alexander J. , Herrmann Björn , Rhone Ariane E. , Gander Phillip E. , Nourski Kirill V. , Snoad Beau F. , Kovach Christopher K. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Howard Matthew A. , Johnsrude Ingrid S. 
Published: September 2019

The functional organization of human auditory cortex can be probed by characterizing responses to various classes of sound at different anatomical locations. Along with histological studies this approach has revealed a primary field in posteromedial Heschl's gyrus (HG) with pronounced induced high-frequency (70–150 Hz) activity and short-latency responses that phase-lock to rapid transient sounds. Low-frequency neural oscillations are also relevant to stimulus processing and information flow, however, their distribution within auditory cortex has not been established. Alpha activity (7–14 Hz) in particular has been associated with processes that may differentially engage earlier versus later levels of the cortical hierarchy, including functional inhibition and the communication of sensory predictions. These theories derive largely from the study of occipitoparietal sources readily detectable in scalp electroencephalography. To characterize the anatomical basis and functional significance of less accessible temporal-lobe alpha activity we analyzed responses to sentences in seven human adults (4 female) with epilepsy who had been implanted with electrodes in superior temporal cortex. In contrast to primary cortex in posteromedial HG, a non-primary field in anterolateral HG was characterized by high spontaneous alpha activity that was strongly suppressed during auditory stimulation. Alpha-power suppression decreased with distance from anterolateral HG throughout superior temporal cortex, and was more pronounced for clear compared to degraded speech. This suppression could not be accounted for solely by a change in the slope of the power spectrum. The differential manifestation and stimulus-sensitivity of alpha oscillations across auditory fields should be accounted for in theories of their generation and function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo understand how auditory cortex is organized in support of perception, we recorded from patients implanted with electrodes for clinical reasons. This allowed measurement of activity in brain regions at different levels of sensory processing. Oscillations in the alpha range (7–14 Hz) have been associated with functions including sensory prediction and inhibition of regions handling irrelevant information, but their distribution within auditory cortex is not known. A key finding was that these oscillations dominated in one particular non-primary field, anterolateral Heschl's gyrus, and were suppressed when subjects listened to sentences. These results build on our knowledge of the functional organization of auditory cortex and provide anatomical constraints on theories of the generation and function of alpha oscillations.
Broad Promotes Neuroepithelial Stem Cell Differentiation in the Drosophila Optic Lobe
Authors: Zhou Yanna , Yang Yuqin , Huang Yanyi , Wang Hui , Wang Shengyu , Luo Hong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Brain development requires the generation of the right number, and type, of neurons and glial cells at the right time. The Drosophila optic lobe, like mammalian brains, develops from simple neuroepithelia; they first divide symmetrically to expand the progenitor pool and then differentiate into neuroblasts, which divide asymmetrically to generate neurons and glial cells. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that control neuroepithelial growth and differentiation in the optic lobe. We find that the Broad/Tramtrack/Bric a brac-zinc finger protein Broad, which is dynamically expressed in the optic lobe neuroepithelia, promotes the transition of neuroepithelial cells to medulla neuroblasts. Loss of Broad function causes neuroepithelial cells to remain highly proliferative and delays neuroepithelial cell differentiation into neuroblasts, which leads to defective lamina and medulla. Conversely, Broad overexpression induces neuroepithelial cells to prematurely transform into medulla neuroblasts. We find that the ecdysone receptor is required for neuroepithelial maintenance and growth, and that Broad expression in neuroepithelial cells is repressed by the ecdysone receptor. Our studies identify Broad as an important cell-intrinsic transcription factor that promotes the neuroepithelial-cell-to-neuroblast transition.
The effect of environmental tax on the survival of biological species in a polluted environment: a mathematical model
Authors: Agarwal S. , Devi S. 
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed for the survival of biological species affected by a pollutant present in the environment. It is considered that the emission of the pollutant into the environment is dynamic in nature and depends on the environmental tax imposed on the emitters. It is also assumed that the environmental tax is imposed to control the emission of pollutants only when the concentration level of pollutants in the environment crosses a limit over which the pollutants starts causing harm to the population under consideration. Criteria for local stability, global stability and permanence are obtained using theory of ordinary differential equations. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the dynamics of the system using fourth order Runge–Kutta Method. It is found that, as the emission rate of pollutants in the environment increases, the density of biological species decreases. It may also be pointed out that the biological species may even become extinct if the rate of emission of pollutants increases continuously. However, if some environmental taxes are imposed to control the rate of emission of these pollutants into the environment, the density of biological species can be maintained at a desired level.
Estimation of the finite population covariance using calibration
Authors: Plikusas A. , Pumputis D. 
Published: September 2019

Estimators of the finite population covariance with several systems of weights are considered. New calibrated estimators of the finite population covariance (variance) are derived, using two and three weighting systems that are defined by various calibration equations and loss functions. The expressions of approximate variance for some of these estimators are presented. The estimators derived are compared by simulation. Finally, it is shown how the calibrated estimators of the covariance may be applied in regression estimation of the finite population total.
Existence and uniqueness theorem to a unimolecular heterogeneous catalytic reaction model
Authors: Ambrazevičius A. 
Published: September 2019

A mathematical model for an unimolecular heterogeneous catalytic reaction is considered in the case when the reaction product slowly desorb and then diffuse away from the surface. This model is described by a coupled system of nonlinear parabolic and two ordinary differential equations. The existence and uniqueness theorems of classical solution are proved for this system.
Modeling nonlinear systems using multiple piecewise linear equations
Authors: Lowe G. K. K. , Zohdy M. A. A. 
Published: September 2019

This paper describes a technique for modeling nonlinear systems using multiple piecewise linear equations. The technique provides a means for linearizing the nonlinear system in such a way as to not limit the large signal behavior of the target system. The nonlinearity in the target system must be able to be represented as a piecewise linear function. A simple third order nonlinear system is used to demonstrate the technique. The behavior of the modeled system is compared to the behavior of the nonlinear system.
N-distance tests of uniformity on the hypersphere
Authors: Bakshaev A. 
Published: September 2019

In this paper we propose an application of N-distance theory for testing the hypothesis of uniformity on hypersphere S p − 1. The work is a continuation of our research started in [1, 2]. Particular attention is devoted to p = 2, 3 cases. A brief comparative Monte Carlo power study for proposed criteria is provided.
MHD natural convection in an inclined cavity filled with a fluid saturated porous medium with heat source in the solid phase
Authors: Mansour M. A. A. , Chamkha A. J. J. , Mohamed R. A. A. , Abd El-Aziz M. M. M. , Ahmed S. E. E. 
Published: September 2019

A numerical investigation of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free convection in an inclined square cavity filled with a fluid-saturated porous medium and with internal heat generation has been performed. A uniform magnetic field inclined with the same angle of the inclination of the cavity is applied. The governing equations are formulated and solved by a direct explicit finite-difference method subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Two cases were considered, the first case when all the cavity walls are cooled and the second case when the cavity vertical walls are kept adiabatic. A parametric study illustrating the influence of the Hartmann number, Rayliegh number, the inclination angle of the cavity and the dimensionless time parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics such as the streamlines, isotherms and the average Nusselt number is performed. The velocity components at mid section of the cavity as well as the temperature profiles are reported graphically. The values of average Nusselt number for various parametric conditions are presented in tabular form.
A note on “Taylor–Couette flow of a generalized second grade fluid due to a constant couple”
Authors: Fetecau C. , Awan A. U. U. , Athar M. 
Published: September 2019

In this brief note, we show that the unsteady flow of a generalized second grade fluid due to a constant couple, as well as the similar flow of Newtonian and ordinary second grade fluids, ultimately becomes steady. For this, a new form of the exact solution for velocity is established. This solution is presented as a sum of the steady and transient components. The required time to reach the steady-state is obtained by graphical illustrations.