bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating public avalanche warnings – what works?
Authors: Engeset Rune V. , Pfuhl Gerit , Landrø Markus , Mannberg Andrea , Hetland Audun 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid
increase in both recreational winter activities and fatalities in avalanche
terrain during the past few decades: during the decade 2008–2017,
64 recreational avalanche fatalities were recorded in Norway. This is a
106 % increase from that of the previous decade. In 2013, Norway therefore
launched the National Avalanche Warning Service (NAWS), which provides
avalanche warnings to transport and preparedness authorities and to the
public. Previous studies suggest that avalanche warnings are used extensively
in trip and preparedness planning and have a relatively strong influence on
the decisions people make in order to reduce risk. However, no evaluation
concerning how efficiently the warnings are communicated and understood has
been done to date in Norway. Avalanche warnings communicate complex natural
phenomena with a variable complexity and level of uncertainty about both the
future and the present. In order to manage avalanche risk successfully, it is
fundamental that the warning message can be understood and translated into
practice by a wide range of different user groups. Users with little or no
avalanche competence may need simple information to decide when to stay away
from avalanche terrain, while professional users may need advanced technical
details in order to make their decisions. To evaluate how different modes of
communication are understood, and how efficiently the informational content
is communicated, we designed and implemented a web-based user survey. The
modes of presentation were based on the Varsom.no 2017 version (Varsom.no
being the national portal for natural hazard warnings in Norway). We first
used a panel of 110 experts from NAWS to answer the survey, and used their
answers to establish the indented message of the avalanche warning. We
thereafter received responses from 264 users and compared their answers to
those of the NAWS experts for the different modes of communication. We
developed a method, the comprehension effectiveness score, to test the
comprehension. Our empirical analyses suggest that most users find the
warning service to be useful and well suited to their needs. However, the
effectiveness of a warnings seems to be influenced by the competency of the
user and the complexity of the scenarios. We discuss the findings and make
recommendations on how to improve communication of avalanche warnings.
“Going Viral”: Contagious Agency Through Learned Helpfulness in a Choral Ensemble
Authors: Hogle Lauri A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Through hermeneutic phenomenological study (van Manen, 2015b), I explored the music learning processes of multiage learners in a choral ensemble (aged 6–16) designed as a social constructivist learning environment (Fosnot, 1996; Wiggins, 2015). The multiage structure of the ensemble fostered peer scaffolding, which flourished and became central to the culture of the ensemble. The prevalence of this phenomenon enabled insight into a collaborative learning process and how it supported learners’ construction of musical understanding and musical agency (Wiggins, 2016) of individuals within the group. Emergent themes reflected the presence of phenomena I describe as contagious, “viral,” musical agency, and care/courage, and the key role that emotion played in learning processes. Findings describe a reified community of learned helpfulness (Hogle, 2018), as learners fluidly and dialogically offered their agentive musical selves as teacher-helpers and learner-helpers (Hogle, 2018), focused on shared performance goals within the choral ensemble. Attuned learners provided socially mediated processes of pedagogical tact (van Manen, 2015a) to scaffold individuals’ learning needs, processes, and musical agency. Through this transformative process, ensemble agency, community, and musical performance flourished.
An Analysis of Ratings and Interrater Reliability of Adjudicated Orchestra Festivals
Authors: Mick James P. , Pope David A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of school level (middle and high), festival level (district and state), music classification (A, B, C, D, and E), and instrumentation (full and string orchestra) on the overall performance ratings assigned to orchestral performances at large ensemble Music Performance Assessment (MPA) festivals. Data consisted of overall ratings (N = 1,996) assigned at district (n = 1,844) and state level (n = 152) MPA festivals sponsored by the Florida Orchestra Association between 2010 and 2015. Analysis revealed that 94% of all high school orchestras at district and state festivals earned a I/Superior or II/Excellent rating. Logistic regression models revealed: (a) high school orchestras were more likely to earn I/Superior ratings at district festivals than state festivals, (b) middle school orchestras were less likely to earn I/Superior ratings than high school orchestras, and (c) orchestras that performed more difficult repertoire increased their likelihood of earning a I/Superior over ensembles that played easier literature. Festival administrators may use the results of this study to identify specific evaluation trends at adjudicated festivals that can be strengthened.
“El bombo loco”: Sounding Alterity and Populism in Buenos Aires
Authors: O’Brien Michael S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The bombo con platillo, a double-headed bass drum with a mounted cymbal, is a potent icon of murga porteña, a genre of Carnival art from Buenos Aires, Argentina. The instrument also has strong associations with other marginalized popular activities: soccer fandom and Peronist political demonstration. These historical associations alone are not sufficient to account for the drum’s importance, however. This ethnographic account considers the social life of the bombo as an agent with the power to generate effects that are sonic, corporeal, economic, and political in the service of these marginalized popular identities.
El bombo con platillo, un tambor grave de dos parches con un platillo montado, es un ícono potente de la murga porteña, un género de arte carnavalesco de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El instrumento también conlleva asociaciones fuertes con otros circuitos populares y marginales: la hinchada de fútbol y la manifestación política peronista. Sin embargo, estas asociaciones históricas no son del todo suficientes para explicar su importancia. Este análisis etnográfico trata la vida social del bombo como actor que tiene el poder de generar efectos sonoros, corporales, económicos, y políticos, en servicio de estas identidades marginales.
The Cult of Peace on the Athenian Stage during the Peloponnesian War: From Euripides’s Cresphontes to Aristophanes’s Peace and Beyond
Authors: Athanassaki Lucia 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper argues that Euripides in Cresphontes (produced probably in 424 B.C.E.) and Aristophanes in Farmers (423 B.C.E.) and Peace (421 B.C.E.) reflect and promote the plan of the peace enthusiasts in Athens to institute an official cult of the goddess in the city once peace with Sparta was agreed; through investigation of contemporary and later literary and visual evidence (including Aristophanes’s Acharnians and Lysistrata, Thucydides, and Plutarch) it offers an explanation why this plan was not fulfilled till much later, i.e., after the Peace of Timotheus in 374 B.C.E.
Doctors in a Comic Costume: Medical Language and Mass Audience in the Comedy of Menander
Authors: Kazantzidis George 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article argues that the medical language in Menander’s Aspis can be understood as both a kind of medical “gibberish” but also as an accurate representation of a professional diagnosis, and that the choice of interpretation is largely dependent on the medical knowledge of the individual audience member. To simply dismiss any instance of comic medical language as nonsensical, assuming that any other alternative would have made it less accessible to the audience and would have compromised the colloquial basis on which popular comedy operates, misses the point entirely; rather, it is better to think that different members in the audience would have been expected to respond to technical jargon in different ways. Seen in this light, medical language is essentially used by Menander as a means of debating the poet’s own linguistic distance from or proximity to different people in the audience: by putting a (fake) doctor on stage—and by making him speak in a strange language which sounds convincing to other characters in the play precisely because it remains elusive, the poet creates an authorial double who tests the linguistic limits of both the internal and the external audience, leaving us to decide how much of his, and Menander’s, (deceptively) nonsensical jargon we are in the position to understand.
pessimus omnium poeta: Canonization and the Ancient Reception of Cicero’s Poetry
Authors: Bishop Caroline 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the ancient reception of Cicero’s poetry and explains why ancient critiques of it were primarily made under the aegis of genre essentialism: the Greek concept that each author was naturally suited to one genre. It argues that these critiques were a direct result of Cicero’s canonization as Rome’s primary prose author, and specifically of his transformation into an allegory for Republican eloquence silenced by tyranny. Because this canonization relied so heavily on the Philippics, in which Cicero discusses mockery of his poetry (2.19–20), it is concluded that, ironically, Cicero himself sowed the seeds for this tradition.
Ethical Questions for Research Ethics: Animal Research in China
Authors: Cao Deborah 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article raises a legitimate concern for animals used in research in China. China does not have any anticruelty laws, but there are various regulations concerning the use of animals in research. More scientific experiments using animals are shifting from the West to China, where ethical rules and animal welfare laws are not as stringent as those in Western countries. The article focuses on animals in research in China by outlining the regulatory framework governing such animal use. It also raises ethical issues for Western scientists doing animal research in China.
Of/Of: de alternatieve kwalificatie
Authors: Altena-Davidsen J.G.H. 
Published: September 2018

Of/Of: de alternatieve kwalificatie
In het conceptwetsvoorstel voor Boek 4 van het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering (de berechting) wordt het voorstel gedaan om een alternatieve kwalificatie mogelijk te maken. In deze bijdrage wordt, na een uiteenzetting van het geldende recht en de wijziging die het voorstel daarin moet aanbrengen, onderzocht of in de praktijk behoefte bestaat aan de mogelijkheid tot alternatieve kwalificatie. Die behoefte lijkt beperkt te zijn, en zich vooral voor te doen in de context van het gedifferentieerde stelsel van vermogensdelicten en deelnemingsvormen. Deze bijdrage werpt daarom de vraag op of het probleem, en bijgevolg de oplossing daarvan, niet eerder gelegen zijn in het materiële recht dan het strafprocesrecht. Op basis daarvan, alsmede op basis van een korte bespreking van mogelijke bezwaren tegen de alternatieve kwalificatie, wordt de stelling betrokken dat het voorstel nadere doordenking en onderbouwing behoeft.
SELECTED METHODS OF TESTING HYDROGEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ROCKS AS A SUPPORT FOR GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING NEAR A RECLAIMED OPEN PIT
Authors: NIEDBALSKA Katarzyna , BUKOWSKI Przemysław , AUGUSTYNIAK Iwona 
Published: September 2018

An appropriate method of depositing post-mining waste can impede very significantly the water flow within the landfill and be one of the most effective methods of limiting the leaching of pollutants and their migration to the aquifer. The forecasting of water circulation and the dynamics of the process of pollutants leaching and their migration is supported by numerical modelling programs that allow assessing real conditions to follow changes in the processes over time. In case of reclamation of an open pit with post-mining wastes from hard coal mines, model research for the assessment of its impact on the aquatic environment should be supported by a complex of modern, uniform and mutually complementary methods of testing rock materials. The numerical models of groundwater flow and migration of pollutants required, among others, data on hydrogeological properties of rocks deposited in a storage site. They are based on both the results of field and laboratory tests. An important element in forecasting the impact of post-mining waste used in the reclamation of an open pit on groundwater is the quantitative assessment of the absorptive capacity of deposited wastes (mainly Carboniferous rocks) and the volume of free spaces of rock debris as a zone particularly susceptible to mineral weathering and pollution leaching. These tests must be carried out simultaneously with the simulation, in the laboratory, of changes in the filtration coefficient of loose materials depending on the thickness of the dump and changes in the vertical pressure exerted by rocks filled up during reclamation. Based on the example of research conducted on the material stored in the excavation after exploitation of backfilling sand, the authors proposed to adapt the research methods originally developed for the purposes of forecasting water hazards in mine shafts and underground excavations for the need of assessing changes in water circulation conditions within the dump.
Volar plate avulsion fracture alone or concomitant with collateral ligament rupture of the proximal interphalangeal joint: A comparison of surgical outcomes
Authors: Kim Yong Woo , Roh Si Young , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Dong Chul , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: September 2018

Background Volar plate avulsion fracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is one of the most common hand injuries. In this study, we divided patients into two groups: patients with pure volar plate avulsion fracture, and patients with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term surgical outcomes between the two groups. As a secondary measure, the Mitek bone anchoring and polydioxanone (PDS) bone suturing techniques were compared.
Methods A single-institutional retrospective review of the surgical treatment of volar plate avulsion fracture was performed. The cases were divided into those with pure volar plate avulsion fracture (group A, n=15) and those with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture (group B, n=15). Both groups underwent volar plate reattachment using Mitek bone anchoring or PDS bone suturing followed by 2 weeks of immobilization in a dorsal protective splint.
Results The average range of motion of the PIP joint and extension lag were significantly more favorable in group A (P<0.05). Differences in age; follow-up period; flexion function; visual analog scale scores; disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores; and the grip strength ratio between the two groups were non-significant. No significant differences were found in the surgical outcomes of Mitek bone anchoring and PDS bone suturing in group A.
Conclusions Overall, the surgical outcomes of volar plate reattachment were successful irrespective of whether the collateral ligaments were torn. However, greater extension lag was observed in cases of collateral ligament injury.
Gap analysis and implications for seasonal management on a local scale
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Baofeng , Wang Xinrui , Ren Yueheng , Chen Jinlin , Zhang Chao , Xia Yongpeng , Li Yuankun , Sun Jianguo , Guo Jiangang , Wang Weijia , Luan XiaoFeng 
Published: September 2018

Background
Identifying biodiversity hotspots on a local scale, using multiple data sources, and ecological niche modeling, has the potential to contribute to more effective nature reserve management.

Methods
In this study, we used infrared-triggered camera trapping, field surveys, and interviews to create a dataset on the distribution of species (mammals and birds) in Hebei Wulingshan Nature Reserve (Hebei Province, China).

Results
We identified 101 species (14 orders, 38 families), 64 of which (2,142 effective records) were selected for environmental niche modeling. All results were reclassified into three groups: “priority areas” (areas including the potential distributions of over 80% of species), “important areas” (those with 50% of species), and “normal areas” (all other areas). Our results show that priority areas (1.31–1.82 km2) and important areas (7.73–21.44 km2) for conservation were mainly covered by the core and experimental zones of the reserve; additionally, a kilometer-wide margin around the outside of the nature reserve seems to be important to maintaining biodiversity.

Discussion
We close by suggesting some actions for enhancing conservation of biodiversity in the reserve, including monitoring, strengthen law enforcements, introducing popular science, and co-operating with local people.
ГРАНИТНЫЕ ОСТРОВНЫЕ ГОРЫ: МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА И ГЕНЕЗИС, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Леонов М.Г. , Пржиялговский Е.С. , Лаврушина Е.В. , Никитин А.В. 
Published: September 2018

После вхождения в состав консолидированной коры гранитные тела не остаются ее пассивными составляющими, а выдвигаются в верхние горизонты, образуя разобщенные кряжи или группы возвышенностей, часто в окружении более устойчивых к выветриванию комплексов. Геологические и геоморфологические наблюдения свидетельствуют, что подъем происходил импульсно и продолжается на неотектоническом этапе, опережая денудационные процессы. Внутреннее строение островных гор Северного Тянь-Шаня, Забайкалья и Монголии свидетельствует об интенсивной постмагматической структурной переработке гранитов, приведшей к их полной или частичной объемной дезинтеграции на макро-, мезо- и микро- уровнях. Эта особенность структуры эксгумированных массивов является ключевым моментом при рассмотрении возможных механизмов постмагматического выдвижения гранитных масс в верхние горизонты коры и образования положительных форм рельефа. Переход горных пород в дискретное (гранулированное) состояние приводит к понижению их эффективной вязкости, уменьшает сопротивление сдвигу, что вызывает объемную подвижность масс и их течение. В условиях вязкостной инверсии происходит пространственное перераспределение горных пород: они “перетекают” и выжимаются в области относительной декомпрессии, в частности, к дневной поверхности - в направлении меньшего литостатического давления.
ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ ОПОЛЗНИ В ОВРАЖНО-БАЛОЧНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ САРАТОВА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГЛЕБУЧЕВА ОВРАГА), "Геоморфология"
Authors: Шешнёв А.С. 
Published: September 2018

Рассматриваются техногенные оползни, появление которых связано с хозяйственной деятельностью, развитые на склонах сохранившегося в трансформированном виде в центральной части г. Саратова овражно-балочного комплекса - Глебучева оврага. В результате развития оползневых процессов происходит деформация зданий и сооружений, что создает реальную угрозу жизни населения. Проведены мониторинговые обследования (маршрутные наблюдения, инженерно-геологические и экологические изыскания). Ретроспективный анализ архивных картографических материалов позволил проследить развитие овражно-балочного комплекса в исторической динамике. Геолого-геоморфологические условия территории благоприятны для развития опасного процесса, но ключевым фактором служит антропогенный: добыча суглинков и глин, подрезки склонов, обводнение и сброс бытовых вод, пригрузка и застройка склонов. Противооползневые мероприятия должны сопровождаться комплексной рекультивацией земель овражно-балочного комплекса с переустройством склонов и их закреплением растительностью, дренажом поверхностных и подземных вод. Рекомендуется долину Глебучева оврага превратить в рекреационную парковую зону с выходом к набережной Волгоградского водохранилища.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛИТОЛОГО-ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ ЦЕНТРА РУССКОЙ РАВНИНЫ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Судакова Н.Г. , Антонов С.И. , Введенская А.И. , Костомаха В.А. 
Published: September 2018

Проведено комплексное литолого-геоморфологическое районирование центра Русской равнины, на основании которого выявлены региональные характеристики морфолитосистем. Составлена карта территориальных подразделений морфолитоструктур на провинции и палеогеографические зоны. В легенде представлена сводка характерных геоморфологических и литологических показателей региональных морфолитосистем. В результате сравнительного анализа установлены важнейшие закономерности формирования и тенденции пространственной изменчивости характеристик: а) провинциальная морфоструктурная и геологическая унаследованность; б) палеогеографически обусловленная зональность морфоскульптур, типов строения разрезов и фациально-генетического разнообразия; в) ландшафтно-климатическая зависимость и региональная специфика экзогенных процессов рельефообразования и осадконакопления. Выявленные региональные закономерности и характерные черты развития морфолитосистем могут быть использованы при палеогеографических реконструкциях и межрегиональных корреляционных построениях, а также в целях оценки состояния и прогноза геоэкологической устойчивости природной среды.
An experimental correlation for mass transfer flux of CO2 reactive absorption into aqueous MEA‐PZ blended solution
Authors: Mirzaei Fahimeh , Ghaemi Ahad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, the thermodynamics and mass transfer of CO2 absorption in the aqueous monoethanolamine‐piperazine blended solution have been studied. A correlation is proposed for the mass transfer flux of CO2 reactive absorption. The effective parameters on the mass transfer flux are considered in both the liquid and gas phases using dimensional analysis Pi‐Buckingham theorem. The effective variables were extracted as a dimensionless parameter. The dimensionless parameters are calculated from experimental data presented in the literature. The unknown constants of the mass transfer flux correlation are obtained using nonlinear regression. In the proposed correlation, the effect of operating parameters including the partial pressure, temperature, and also the dimensionless parameters of the film parameter, enhancement factor, and loading are investigated. The results showed that by increasing the loading and film parameter, the mass transfer flux was reduced. The mean absolute deviation in the proposed correlation for mass transfer flux was about 4.5%, which indicates the high accuracy of the predicted equation.
Fabricating a Continuous Fiber Silver‐Zinc Battery with Micro‐Sized Diameter
Authors: Lee Jae Myeong , Kim Ji Hwan , Kim Seon Jeong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractYarn‐ or fiber‐structured batteries have been studied steadily due to their huge advantages such as light weight, small size and flexibility. Although some fiber structured batteries were reported, large size and complicated fabrication process still remain to be major challenges in developing practical battery systems. In order to address these problems, we fabricated a micro‐sized and continuous Ag−Zn fiber battery using wet spinning and electrodeposition. This simple and easy process enables to obtain MWNT fiber electrodes with a length of more than 30 cm and a diameter of about 80 μm. Silver and zinc were deposited and formed nano‐porous structures on the as‐prepared wet spun fiber electrodes. Consequently, the Ag−Zn aqueous fiber battery showed an areal capacity of 0.063 mAh/cm2. Our fiber structured battery could be applicable as energy source of portable, wearable, and micro‐sized electronics.