bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 immunohistochemical expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Nesreen Hafez H , Manal Shalaby Z , Mohamed Ahmed M 
Published: April 2018

Background: Although nuclear criteria are considered to be characteristic for papillary thyroid carcinoma, some cases do raise controversy as being papillary thyroid carcinoma or non-papillary thyroid carcinoma due to unclear diagnostic nuclear features. Immunohistochemical markers can help in identifying PTC. Trophoblastic cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) is a novel marker that is recently applied on thyroid. The aim of this study was to evaluate TROP-2 expression and diagnostic utility in PTC compared to other thyroid nodules with follicular pattern on tissue specimens and cell block sections. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at National Cancer Institute, Cairo University between January 2010 and January 2015. Immunohistochemical evaluation of TROP-2 was applied on archival 110 surgically excised and 66 cytological cell blocks of PTC and other follicular thyroid nodules. Membranous staining, with or without cytoplasm, was considered positive.Results: Among excised specimens, 85.1% of PTC demonstrated TROP-2 staining. The majority revealed diffuse staining. No significant staining difference was reported between studied classic and non classic variants. TROP-2 sensitivity and were 85.1% and 94.4%. Among cytological materials, all PTC were positive except two (false negative) and only two follicular adenomas were positive (false positive). TROP-2 sensitivity and specificity were 93.8% and 94.1%. None of nodular hyperplasia or adjacent normal thyroid tissues showed TROP-2 immunoreactivity either on histopathological or cytological sections.Conclusion: TROP-2 positivity was significantly higher in PTC compared to all other studied non PTC lesion in both surgical pathology specimens and cytological materials. No reported significant staining difference among studied PTC variant.
Correlation between histopathological and endoscopic findings of non-malignant gastrointestinal lesions: an experience of a tertiary care teaching hospital from Northern India
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Bhasin Tejinder Singh , Manjari Mridu , Mannan Rahul , Sharma Sonam , Anand Gurupriya 
Published: April 2018

Background: Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy along with biopsy is an established procedure for investigating a wide range of gastrointestinal conditions especially inflammatory and malignant diseases. The aim was to study and categorizing the morphological lesions of non-malignant origin at various sites of gastrointestinal tract and to compare with its endoscopic findings.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 280 benign GI biopsies received in the Department of Pathology of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.Results: Maximum cases (39%) were observed in the age group of 41-60 years. Male patients outnumbered the females (male to female ratio was 1.4:1). There were total 33 esophageal biopsies amongst which the most common lesion was non-specific esophagitis with least common being Barrett’s esophagus. Correlating the results of endoscopic and histopathological features of acute and chronic gastritis a positive predictive value of 80% with sensitivity of 44.4% was seen. Total 83 duodenal biopsies were analyzed with non-specific duodenitis being the most commonly diagnosed lesion followed by celiac disease. Correlation of endoscopic and histopathological findings in celiac disease revealed a sensitivity of 50% and positive predictive value of 42.86%. In both sigmoid colon and rectum, non-specific colitis was the commonest diagnosis followed by ulcerative colitis. Endoscopic findings were correlated with the histopathological features in ulcerative colitis, revealing a sensitivity of 57.14% along with the positive predictive value of 80%. Conclusion: Histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosing a case along with endoscopic findings and endoscopic findings alone cannot make the final diagnosis.
Atypical glandular cells: Help or hindrance
Authors: Narang Sanjeev , Dargar Parul , Singh Anjali , Malhotra Apurva 
Published: April 2018

Background: Atypical glandular cell is still a rare diagnosis despite refinement of the cytomorphologic criteria. This study aims to evaluate the follow up biopsies of cases diagnosed as atypical glandular cells on pap smears and to correlate with histological findings.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 7 years based on cyto-histopathological correlation of AGC diagnosed cases.Results: Cytodiagnosis of atypical glandular cells was given in 212(0.05%), and 140 (0.66%) patients underwent biopsy. Among these 74(52%) were benign and 66(47%) neoplastic. Of the 39 cases reported as AGC favor neoplastic, 24(61%) showed malignancy with a positive predictive value of 61.5% and of the101 cases classified as AGC-NOS on cytology, 59 (58%) cases showed benign features with a negative predictive value of 58.4 percent. Conclusion: Our study highlights the immediate need of histological follow up of patients diagnosed with AGC. It is important because the range of diseases associated is very variable and includes benign as well as malignant conditions.
Soft drink consumption: Do we know what we drink and its implication on health?
Authors: Martín Ismael San Mauro , Vilar Elena Garicano , Barrado Mario Rincón , Barato Víctor Paredes 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND: Intake of sugar sweetened beverages has been consistently linked to increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, among other diseases. Putative underlying mechanisms include incomplete compensation for liquid calories, adverse glycemic effects, and increased hepatic metabolism of fructose leading to de novo lipogenesis, production of uric acid, and accumulation of visceral and ectopic fat. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate any existing link between energy-containing liquids, as consumed in various forms within the diet, and the effect they may have on body weight or other diseases; and whether soft drink consumption displaces water consumption. METHODS: A self-administered online survey was conducted in 2496 participants from different countries, in six languages (Spanish, English, Chinese, French, German and Portuguese). Questions referred to their soft drink and water consumption habits, physical exercise performed, presence or absence of certain diseases and medication. RESULTS: There is statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in BMI and consumption of cola per week: those who consumed 0–3 cans a week have a lower BMI than those who consume >7 cans of cola a week. Statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) was found when consuming soft drinks different from cola. There is greater presence of obesity (p < 0.001), gastritis (p < 0.001), constipation (p < 0.001) and mental illness (p = 0.003) among people who drink cola soft drinks. CONCLUSION: Removal of energy-containing beverages from our diet may be an appropriate public health message to support those interested in preventing weight gain as well as other diseases.
Dispatch from the field II: the mystery of the red and blue Opadometa male (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Opadometa sarawakensis)
Authors: Miller Jeremy , Freund Christian , Rambonnet Liselotte , Koets Lianne , Barth Nadine , van der Linden Corné , Geml József , Schilthuizen Menno , Burger Richard , Goossens Benoit 
Published: April 2018

Males of Opadometa are difficult to associate with conspecific females, and sex-matching errors may persist in the taxonomic literature. Recommended best practices for definitive sex matching in this genus suggest finding a male in the web of a female, or better yet, mating pairs.
A male Opadometa was observed hanging on a frame line of the web of a female Opadometa sarawakensis, a species for which the male was previously undescribed. This occurred during a tropical ecology field course held at the Danau Girang Field Centre in Sabah, Malaysia. A taxonomic description was completed as a course activity.
Thermal and Viscoelastic Properties of Underfill Using hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) Nanofiller
Authors: Razgaleh S. A. , Aravamudhan Shyam 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Epon 826 epoxy resin in conjunction with Epikure 3140 curing agent was used in this study to fabricate underfill composites. Nanofiller of 500nm hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was incorporated in the underfill epoxy using ultrasonication technique to alter their thermal and viscoelastic properties. Filler contents ranging from 1% to 5% volume fraction (vol.%) were used to investigate changes in thermal behavior and viscoelasticity of underfill with an increase in filler loading. Thermal analysis has shown an increase in thermal conductivity of the underfill by increasing the filler loading. Using 5% vol.% of 500nm hBN nanofiller a thermal conductivity of 0.32 W/m.K was obtained as compared to neat epoxy with thermal conductivity of about 0.2 W/m.K, showing an enhancement in thermal conductivity of the underfill material. Furthermore, studying viscoelastic properties of fabricated underfills suggested the influence of filler and filler loading on viscoelasticity of underfill.
Are ideophones translatable? The case of translating isiZulu ideophones in DBZ Ntuli’s short story <i>Uthingo Lwenkosazana (The Rainbow)</i>
Authors: Masubelele Mthikazi Rose 
Published: April 2018

The meaning of words comes into play when words as units of translation are to be translated from one language into another. Lexical items that are extant in one language but not in others pose enormous problems for translators. The translation of ideophones – which feature very prominently in African discourse – is a case in point in this article. Translators faced with the translation of such forms are required to come up with strategies to aptly express their meanings in the target text. This article seeks to establish how CSZ Ntuli, in his English translation of an isiZulu short story Uthingo Lwenkosazana by DBZ Ntuli, has translated some of the ideophones used by the original author. Translation strategies used by CSZ Ntuli in his translation to express the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones will be brought to light in this article. It will be confirmed that CSZ Ntuli, using different lexical forms in the target language, has effectively changed unfamiliar isiZulu cultural notions to concepts that the English target reader can relate to. It will also be shown that the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones can be expressed in the target language using approximation and amplification as translation strategies provided that the translator has a good command of both source and target languages. The discussion will also look at how various translation scholars view the notion of equivalence at word level, and research on ideophones in isiZulu will also be reviewed.
Water vapour and methane coupling in the stratosphere observed using SCIAMACHY solar occultation measurements
Authors: Noël Stefan , Weigel Katja , Bramstedt Klaus , Rozanov Alexei , Weber Mark , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. An improved stratospheric water vapour data set has been retrieved from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT solar
occultation measurements. It is similar to that successfully applied to
methane and carbon dioxide. There is now a consistent set of data products
for the three constituents covering the altitudes 17–45 km, the
latitude range between about 50 and 70∘ N, and the period August
2002 to April 2012. The new water vapour concentration profiles agree with collocated results
from ACE-FTS and MLS/Aura to within ∼ 5 %. A significant positive
linear change in water vapour for the time 2003–2011 is observed at lower
stratospheric altitudes with a value of about 0.015 ± 0.008 ppmv year−1
around 17 km. Between 30 and
37 km the changes become significantly negative (about −0.01 ± 0.008 ppmv year−1); all errors are 2σ values. The combined analysis of the SCIAMACHY methane and water vapour time series
shows the expected anti-correlation between stratospheric methane and water
vapour and a clear temporal variation related to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
(QBO).
Above about 20 km most of the additional water vapour is attributed to the
oxidation of methane.
In addition short-term fluctuations and longer-term variations on a timescale
of 5–6 years are observed.
The SCIAMACHY data confirm that at lower altitudes the amount of water vapour
and methane are transported from the tropics to higher latitudes via the
shallow branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation.
Ecophysiological characterization of early successional biological soil crusts in heavily human-impacted areas
Authors: Szyja Michelle , Büdel Burkhard , Colesie Claudia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Ecophysiological characterizations of photoautotrophic communities are not only necessary to identify the response of carbon fixation related to different climatic factors, but also to evaluate risks connected to changing environments. In biological soil crusts (BSCs), the description of ecophysiological features is difficult, due to the high variability in taxonomic composition and variable methodologies applied. Especially for BSCs in early successional stages, the available datasets are rare or focused on individual constituents, although these crusts may represent the only photoautotrophic component in many heavily disturbed ruderal areas, such as parking lots or building areas with increasing surface area worldwide. We analyzed the response of photosynthesis and respiration to changing BSC water contents (WCs), temperature and light in two early successional BSCs. We investigated whether the response of these parameters was different between intact BSC and the isolated dominating components. BSCs dominated by the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune and dominated by the green alga Zygogonium ericetorum were examined. A major divergence between the two BSCs was their absolute carbon fixation rate on a chlorophyll basis, which was significantly higher for the cyanobacterial crust. Nevertheless, independent of species composition, both crust types and their isolated organisms had convergent features such as high light acclimatization and a minor and very late-occurring depression in carbon uptake at water suprasaturation. This particular setup of ecophysiological features may enable these communities to cope with a high variety of climatic stresses and may therefore be a reason for their success in heavily disturbed areas with ongoing human impact. However, the shape of the response was different for intact BSC compared to separated organisms, especially in absolute net photosynthesis (NP) rates. This emphasizes the importance of measuring intact BSCs under natural conditions for collecting reliable data for meaningful analysis of BSC ecosystem services.
Straw incorporation increases crop yield and soil organic carbon sequestration but varies under different natural conditions and farming practices in China: a system analysis
Authors: Han Xiao , Xu Cong , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Bol Roland , Wang Xiaojie , Wu Wenliang , Meng Fanqiao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from agricultural soils is a key indicator of soil degradation associated with reductions in net primary productivity in crop production systems worldwide. Technically simple and locally appropriate solutions are required for farmers to increase SOC and to improve cropland management. In the last 30 years, straw incorporation (SI) has gradually been implemented across China in the context of agricultural intensification and rural livelihood improvement. A meta-analysis of data published before the end of 2016 was undertaken to investigate the effects of SI on crop production and SOC sequestration. The results of 68 experimental studies throughout China in different edaphic conditions, climate regions and farming regimes were analyzed. Compared with straw removal (SR), SI significantly sequestered SOC (0–20 cm depth) at the rate of 0.35 (95 % CI, 0.31–0.40) Mg C ha−1 yr−1, increased crop grain yield by 13.4 % (9.3–18.4 %) and had a conversion efficiency of the incorporated straw C of 16 % ± 2 % across China. The combined SI at the rate of 3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 with mineral fertilizer of 200–400 kg N ha−1 yr−1 was demonstrated to be the best farming practice, where crop yield increased by 32.7 % (17.9–56.4 %) and SOC sequestrated by the rate of 0.85 (0.54–1.15) Mg C ha−1 yr−1. SI achieved a higher SOC sequestration rate and crop yield increment when applied to clay soils under high cropping intensities, and in areas such as northeast China where the soil is being degraded. The SOC responses were highest in the initial starting phase of SI, then subsequently declined and finally became negligible after 28–62 years. However, crop yield responses were initially low and then increased, reaching their highest level at 11–15 years after SI. Overall, our study confirmed that SI created a positive feedback loop of SOC enhancement together with increased crop production, and this is of great practical importance to straw management as agriculture intensifies both in China and other regions with different climate conditions.
Verantwoordelijkheid en voorzorg bij ‘de overgewichtepidemie’
Authors: Pieterman Roel 
Published: April 2018

Responsibility, precaution, and the obesity epidemic
Since the start of the 21st century, most nations have followed the lead of the World Health Organization and developed specific policies to tackle the ‘global obesity epidemic’. The medical reasoning is that non-contagious diseases are the most important causes of mortality and morbidity, especially in prosperous nations. As these diseases are conceptualized as ‘caused’ by ‘unhealthy lifestyle choices’, there is dire need for preventive lifestyle policies that help people make ‘the healthy choice’. Seen from this perspective the distribution of responsibilities between governments and their citizens is made in accordance to the ‘intervention ladder’, which has been developed from a stewardship model.Regarding the ‘obesity epidemic’, this contribution tests the basic medical claims behind this science policy complex. We find that the knowledge base for these claims is highly uncertain and that interventions lack efficacy. Furthermore, research points to increased levels of stigmatization of ‘fat people’, leading more discrimination. All this changes the status of the policies from preventive (i.e. proportionate) to precautionary (i.e. disproportionate). Further analysis of the preventive medical and policy paradigms shows both are by default biased towards precaution. Combined with the notion that citizens of democratic societies are entitled to trustworthy and transparent information, this contribution concludes that a reorientation of both paradigms is called for.
Witwassen en deelname aan een criminele organisatie als vangnet voor indirecte betrokkenheid van ondernemingen bij mensenrechtenschendingen
Authors: Hornman M.J. 
Published: April 2018

Witwassen en deelname aan een criminele organisatie als vangnet voor indirecte betrokkenheid van ondernemingen bij mensenrechtenschendingen
Witwassen en deelname aan een criminele organisatie worden in de literatuur naar voren gebracht als mogelijke opties om indirecte betrokkenheid van Nederlandse ondernemingen bij ernstige mensenrechtenschendingen te redresseren. In deze bijdrage worden die mogelijkheden nader geanalyseerd aan de hand van een concrete casus: de vermeende betrokkenheid van de Rabobank bij witwasactiviteiten voor de Mexicaanse drugskartels in de VS. De aangifte die door SMX Collective is gedaan tegen de bank roept namelijk diverse juridisch interessante vragen op over toerekening in concernverhoudingen; een onderwerp dat tot op heden relatief onderbelicht is gebleven in literatuur en jurisprudentie en derhalve aandacht verdient.
Paard en ei: over de criminalisering van sjoemelen met voedsel
Authors: Huisman W. 
Published: April 2018

Paard en ei: over de criminalisering van sjoemelen met voedsel
Sinds enkele jaren is er veel aandacht voor voedselfraude, onder andere vanwege de paardenvleesfraude, het melamineschandaal en de fipronileieren. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de aard en de ernst van voedselfraude. Tevens wordt ingegaan op de aanpak van voedselfraude en de betekenis daarvan voor het bijzonder strafrecht.
Btw-fraude; verhouding EU-recht en nationale verjaringsregels; worsteling van het Hof met fundamentele mensenrechten
Authors: Haentjens R.C.P. 
Published: April 2018

Btw-fraude; verhouding EU-recht en nationale verjaringsregels; worsteling van het Hof met fundamentele mensenrechten
Het HvJEU stelt voorop dat handhaving van normen ter bescherming van de financiën van de EU strafrechtelijk kan plaatsvinden met voorbijgaan aan de verjaringsregelingen van de desbetreffende staat, maar met inachtneming van grondrechten van de betrokkenen. Vervolg en uitwerking van deze beslissing in HvJEU 5 december 2017.
Artikel 225 Sr, het onjuiste aangiftebiljet en het pleitbare standpunt in het fiscale strafrecht
Authors: Kors M.M. 
Published: April 2018

Artikel 225 Sr, het onjuiste aangiftebiljet en het pleitbare standpunt in het fiscale strafrecht; Noot bij HR 3 oktober 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:2542
De auteur becommentarieert een arrest van de strafkamer van de Hoge Raad van 3 oktober 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:2542. In dit arrest heeft de strafkamer geoordeeld over de bewijsbestemming (in de zin van art. 225 Sr) van een bezwaarschrift tegen een belastingaanslag. Daarnaast citeert de strafkamer ten overvloede een aantal overwegingen over het pleitbare standpunt, afkomstig uit het zogenoemde Credit Suisse-arrest van de belastingkamer van de Hoge Raad.
Over de voorlegplicht en de cautie
Authors: de Rond C. , Altena M. 
Published: April 2018

Over de voorlegplicht en de cautie: noot bij CBb 26 oktober 2017, ECLI:NL:CBB:2017:343
Het College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven heeft met deze (tussen)uitspraak een beroep van appellant op schending van de toepassing van de ‘voorlegplicht’ zoals neergelegd in artikel 5:44, tweede en derde lid van de Algemene wet bestuursrecht (Awb) afgedaan op het relativiteitsbeginsel. De annotatoren gaan in op de betekenis van de voorlegplicht en meer in het bijzonder de wijze waarop financieel toezichthouders in de praktijk toepassing geven aan de voorlegplicht. Daarnaast heeft het CBb overwegingen gewijd aan de cautie en de toepassing van de cautie, zoals neergelegd in artikel 5:10a Awb.Daarnaast menen de annotatoren dat het CBb geen nieuwe lijn hanteert inzake het geven van de cautie.
Een begrensde vergoeding in de zin van artikel 6:96 lid 2 sub a BW: redelijk?
Authors: Overheul A.M. 
Published: April 2018

Een begrensde vergoeding in de zin van artikel 6:96 lid 2 sub a BW: redelijk?
Deze beschikking is relevant voor de kwalificatie van schade. De vraag is of schade als gevolg van een ongeval, bestaande uit gemaakte en te maken kosten in verband met de inschakeling van een derde ten behoeve van de voortzetting van de exploitatie van een boerderij, gekwalificeerd kunnen worden als vermogensschade of als ander nadeel. Ten aanzien van de hoogte van de vergoeding merkt de rechtbank op dat de vergoeding uit haar aard de immateriële schade niet kan overstijgen, en dat de kwalificatie van de gestelde schade niet ter zake doet. Het is de vraag of dit redelijk is.