bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐management interventions for cancer survivors: A systematic review and evaluation of intervention content and theories
Authors: Cuthbert Colleen A. , Farragher Janine F. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Ding Qirui , McKinnon Geoffrey P. , Cheung Winson Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐management has been proposed as a strategy to help cancer patients optimize their health and well‐being during survivorship. Previous reviews have shown variable effects of self‐management on outcomes. The theoretical basis and psychoeducational components of these interventions have not been evaluated in detail. We aimed to evaluate the evidence for self‐management and provide a description of the components of these interventions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of self‐management interventions for adults who had completed primary cancer treatment by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry, and Cochrane CENTRAL Registry of Controlled Trials. We included experimental and quasiexperimental designs. Data synthesis included narrative and tabular summary of results; heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes precluded meta‐analysis. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool or the risk of bias of nonrandomized studies tool.ResultsForty‐one studies published between 1994 and 29 March 2018 were included. Studies were predominantly randomized controlled trials and targeted to breast cancer survivors. A variety of intervention designs, psychoeducational components, and outcomes were identified. Less than 50% of the studies included a theoretical framework. There was variability of effects across most outcomes. Risk of bias could not be fully assessed.ConclusionsThere are limitations in the design and research on self‐management interventions for cancer survivors that hinder their translation into clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand if these interventions are an important type of support for cancer survivors.
Understanding adherence to noninvasive ventilation in youth with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Pascoe John E. , Sawnani Hemant , Hater Brooke , Sketch Mark , Modi Avani C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked, progressive neuromuscular disorder that results in chronic respiratory insufficiency and subsequently failure requiring noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Adherence to NIV in neuromuscular disorders and related barriers are poorly described. The aim of the current study was to assess NIV adherence, adherence barriers, and identify psychosocial predictors of adherence in young boys with early DMD‐related sleep disordered breathing and recommended nocturnal NIV. This cross‐sectional study included 42 youth with DMD with prescribed nocturnal NIV, and their caregivers. Caregivers and youth completed questionnaires assessing adherence barriers, psychosocial symptoms (eg, anxiety and depressive symptoms), and stress. Medical information pertinent to cardiopulmonary health and neurologic status at both enrollment and initiation of NIV was reviewed. Adherence to NIV, defined as percent days used and days used ≥4 hours/day was 56.1 ± 38.7% and 46.2 ± 40.6%, respectively. Average duration of use on days worn was 5.61 ± 4.23 hours. NIV usage was correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea but not cardiopulmonary variables. Mask discomfort was the most commonly reported adherence barrier followed by behavioral barriers (eg, refusing to use). Multiple regression analyses revealed that internalizing behaviors (eg, anxiety and depressive symptoms) and total adherence barriers significantly predicted NIV adherence. Adherence to NIV in DMD is poor and similar to other pediatric chronic diseases. Our data suggest interventions targeting adherence barriers and patient internalizing symptoms may improve adherence to NIV in DMD.
Chest ultrasound compared to chest X‐ray for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Heuvelings Charlotte C. , Bélard Sabine , Andronikou Savvas , Lederman Henrique , Moodley Halvani , Grobusch Martin P. , Zar Heather J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionChest ultrasound is increasingly used to radiologically diagnose childhood pneumonia, but there are limited data on its use for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).AimCompare chest ultrasound with a chest X‐ray (CXR) findings.MethodsChildren (up to 13 years) with suspected PTB were enrolled. Bedside chest ultrasound findings were compared to CXR. The analysis was stratified by PTB category: confirmed PTB (microbiologically confirmed), unconfirmed PTB (clinical diagnosis with negative microbiological tests), or unlikely PTB (other respiratory diseases with improvement without tuberculosis treatment).ResultsOne hundred fifty‐nine children were enrolled (57% boys, median age 26.6 months [interquartile range 15.1‐59.3]). Ultrasound detected abnormalities in 72% (n = 114), CXR in 56% (n = 89), P < .001. Pleural effusion was detected on ultrasound in 15% (n = 24) compared 9% (n = 14) on CXR, P = .004, more in confirmed PTB (33%, n = 12 vs 8%, n = 4 unlikely PTB, P = .013). Ultrasound detected enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes more commonly (22%, n = 25) than CXR (6%, n = 10, P = .001); the size of lymph nodes in the unlikely category (1.0 cm) was smaller than the other two PTB categories (1.4 and 1.5 cm, P = .001). Inter‐reader agreement (kappa Cohen) was higher for ultrasound than CXR for several findings (consolidation 0.67 vs 0.47, pleural effusion 0.86 vs 0.56, enlarged lymph nodes 0.56 vs 0.27).ConclusionUltrasound detected abnormalities more frequently than CXR with the higher inter‐reader agreement; ultrasound abnormalities were most common in children with confirmed PTB. Ultrasound is a promising modality for detecting abnormalities in PTB. Further studies should evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound against a gold standard.
Plasma extracellular vesicles as phenotypic biomarkers in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Joncas France‐Hélène , Lucien Fabrice , Rouleau Mélanie , Morin Fannie , Leong Hon Sing , Pouliot Frédéric , Fradet Yves , Gilbert Caroline , Toren Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe development of phenotypic biomarkers to aid the selection of treatment for patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an important priority. Plasma exosomes have excellent potential as real‐time biomarkers to characterize the tumor because they are easily accessible in the blood and contain DNA, RNA, and protein from the parent cell. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of putative prostate‐specific plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) markers and their relationship with clinical outcomes.Methods and PatientsWe investigated plasma EVs in a total of 89 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) at different stages of disease progression. EVs were isolated using both precipitation and ultracentrifugation methods; physical characterization was performed using dynamic light scattering, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and velocity gradients. An immunocapture method was developed for the evaluation of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐positive exosomes. Exosomal messenger RNA (mRNA) was quantified using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for the expression of KLK3 and androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR‐V7) genes, which code prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and AR‐V7, respectively. Serum sex steroids were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy.ResultsIsolated exosomes from patients with CRPC had a smaller hydrodynamic size than those isolated from localized patients with PCa, while AChE activity showed no difference. Moreover, no differences were observed after initiation of androgen deprivation therapy in serial patient samples. Velocity gradients identified that PSMA‐positive exosomes occupied a specific fraction of isolated EVs. A total of 35 patients with CRPC had mRNA analyzed from isolated plasma exosomes. Detectable exosomal KLK3 corresponded with higher concomitant serum PSA measurements, as expected (mean, 112.6 vs 26.61 ng/mL; P = .065). Furthermore, detectable levels of AR‐V7 mRNA were associated with a shorter time to progression (median, 16.0 vs 28.0 months; P = .0499). Furthermore, detectable exosomal AR‐V7 was significantly associated with testosterone levels below the lower limit of quantification (<0.1 nM).ConclusionsOur results suggest that exosomal AR‐V7 is correlated with lower sex steroid levels in CRPC patients with a poorer prognosis. PSMA immunocapture does not appear sufficient to isolate PCa‐specific exosomes.
Tolerance‐based reliability and optimization design of switched‐mode power supply
Authors: Zeng Ying , Li Yan‐Feng , Li Xiang‐Yu , Huang Hong‐Zhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to its high efficiency and low power consumption, switched‐mode power supply (SMPS) represents the development trend of the stabilized voltage power supply. However, tolerance has become one of the key factors in the design of SMPS because of the process fluctuation of electronic components, unstable input parameters of the circuit system, influence of working conditions and environment, and the effect of aging. In order to improve the reliability of SMPS and reduce the manufacturing cost, this paper proposes a reliability analysis and optimization design method based on the tolerance and sensitivity analysis. Finally, this method is applied to the tolerance design for the positive switching power supply of the SMPS circuits, and the optimal tolerance design scheme is obtained. Furthermore, the reliability and probability density curves are evaluated.
Optimal linear combination of sensors and actuators to enforce an interior conic open‐loop system
Authors: Caverly Ryan James 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis paper presents techniques to linearly combine the sensor measurements and/or actuator inputs of a linear time‐invariant system to obtain a new system that is interior conic with prescribed bounds. In the optimal sensor combination problem, a desired system output is defined, and in the optimal actuator combination problem, a desired system input is defined, along with a frequency bandwidth in which the desired system input or output should be matched. The simultaneous optimal sensor and actuator combination problem includes desired system outputs and inputs. In all cases, the weighted
or
norm of the difference between the system with linearly combined sensors or actuators and the desired system is minimized while rendering the new system interior conic with prescribed bounds. The weighting transfer matrix used in the
‐ or
‐optimization problem is determined by the frequency bandwidth of interest. The individual sensor and actuator combination methods involve linear matrix inequality constraints and are posed as convex optimization problems, whereas the combined sensor and actuator method is an iterative procedure composed of convex optimization steps. Numerical examples illustrate superior tracking performance with the proposed sensor and actuator combination techniques over comparable techniques in the literature when implemented with a simple feedback controller. Robust asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system to plant uncertainty is demonstrated in the numerical examples.
Influence of a high‐head dam as a dispersal barrier to fish community structure of the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Anderson Rebekah L. , Anderson Cory A. , Larson James H. , Knights Brent , Vallazza Jon , Jenkins Sean E. , Lamer James T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn river systems, high‐head dams may increase the distance‐decay of fish community similarity by creating nearly impermeable dispersal barriers to certain species from upstream reaches. Substantial evidence suggests that migratory species are impacted by dams, and most previous studies in stream/river networks have focused on small streams and headwaters. Here, we assess whether a high‐head dam (Lock and Dam 19; LD 19) on a large river, the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), substantially alters fish community structure relative to variability expected to occur independent of the dam's effect as a fish dispersal barrier. Using fish catch per unit effort data, we modelled the distance‐decay function for the UMR fish community and then estimated the similarity that would be expected to occur across LD19 and compared it with measured similarity. Measured similarity in the fish community above and below LD19 was close to the expected value based on the distance‐decay function, suggesting LD19 does not create an abrupt transition in the fish community. Although some migratory fish species no longer occur above LD19 (e.g., skipjack herring, Alosa chrysochloris), these species do not occur in high abundance below the dam and so do not drive variation in fish community structure. Instead, much of the variation in species structure is driven by the loss/gain of species across the latitudinal gradient. Lock and Dam 19 does not appear to be a clear transition point in the river's fish community, although it may function as a meaningful barrier for particular species (e.g., invasive species) and warrant future attention from a management perspective.
Burnout is associated with a depressive interpretation style
Authors: Bianchi Renzo , da Silva Nogueira Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this 188‐participant study (65% female; mean age = 40.31) was to examine whether burnout and depression are associated with similar interpretation biases in the processing of emotional information. Burnout symptoms were assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey and depressive symptoms with the 9‐item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire. Interpretation bias toward emotional information was examined using an amended version of the Word‐Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP). In the WSAP, participants are asked to decide whether emotionally‐valenced words are related to ambiguous sentences. Burnout and depression were each associated with a higher endorsement of negative interpretations and a higher ratio of negative interpretations to positive interpretations. Negative word endorsement and positive word endorsement interacted in such a way that negative word endorsement was predictive of burnout and depression only when positive word endorsement levels were relatively low. Our findings suggest that burnout and depression are associated with similar alterations in the interpretation of ambiguous information. This study supports the view that burned out individuals perceive the world with “depressive glasses.” Cognitive bias modification techniques employed in the treatment of depressive conditions may constitute relevant therapeutic options for “burned out” individuals.
CUPS: Secure opportunistic cloud of things framework based on attribute‐based encryption scheme supporting access policy update
Authors: Belguith Sana , Kaaniche Nesrine , Russello Giovanni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ever‐growing number of internet connected devices, coupled with the new computing trends, namely within emerging opportunistic networks, engenders several security concerns. Most of the exchanged data between the internet of things (IoT) devices are not adequately secured due to resource constraints on IoT devices. Attribute‐based encryption is a promising cryptographic mechanism suitable for distributed environments, providing flexible access control to encrypted data contents. However, it imposes high decryption costs, and does not support access policy update, for highly dynamic environments. This paper presents CUPS, an ABE‐based framework for opportunistic cloud of things applications, that securely outsources data decryption process to edge nodes in order to reduce the computation overhead on the user side. CUPS allows end‐users to offload most of the decryption overhead to an edge node and verify the correctness of the received partially decrypted data from the edge node. Moreover, CUPS provides the access policy update feature with neither involving a proxy‐server, nor re‐encrypting the enciphered data contents and re‐distributing the users' secret keys. The access policy update feature in CUPS does not affect the size of the message received by the end‐user, which reduces the bandwidth and the storage usage. Our comprehensive theoretical analysis proves that CUPS outperforms existing schemes in terms of functionality, communication and computation overheads.
Large‐scale chiral supercritical fluid chromatography of a key intermediate in the synthesis of two S1P1 final active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Yip Shiuhang Henry , Wu Dauh‐Rurng , Kempson James , Hernandez Andres , Zhang Huiping , Li Peng , Sun Dawn , Mathur Arvind 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLarge‐scale preparation of two sphingosine‐1‐phosphate‐subtype 1 (S1P1) active pharmaceutical ingredients, BMS‐986166 and compound 2, was achieved through a scalable supercritical fluid chromatography separation of a key common diastereomeric intermediate. Multi‐gram scale chiral supercritical fluid chromatography of the final active pharmaceutical ingredients was time‐consuming and not economical due to low throughput and recovery. An efficient large‐scale chiral supercritical fluid chromatography method was developed to rapidly obtain multi‐gram quantities of a chirally pure (>99% de) common intermediate for the preparation of the two S1P1 active pharmaceutical ingredients in reduced time and cost. Extensive column screening was conducted on two shared chiral intermediates: a methyl ester and an alcohol derivative. The subsequent sample loading comparison of these two compounds indicated that the methyl ester was the preferred intermediate for large‐scale chiral purification. The finalized supercritical fluid chromatography method for the methyl ester was readily scaled up onto a 3 cm I. D. Chiralpak IC column at a total flow rate of 180 mL/min with 52% methanol as co‐solvent in CO2, resulting in a high throughput of 4 g/h, which was equivalent to 96 g/day. In total, 1 kg of the ester intermediate was purified with a recovery of >90%. This efficient chiral supercritical fluid chromatography purification enabled large‐scale preparation of the two S1P1 compounds to support toxicology studies in Discovery Chemistry.
Evaluation of microcracks in the interfacial transition zone of recycled rubber concrete
Authors: Wang Ruijun , He Xiaoying , Li Yang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work focuses on the feasibility of recycling waste tire rubber aggregates into recycled concrete. The performance of interface transition zone (ITZ) is a key factor affecting the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. The influence of rubber particle size (5–10, 10–20, 20–50, and 50–90 mesh) and volume fraction of rubber aggregate (0, 10, and 20%) on the ITZ of common and rubber aggregate‐cement pastes was studied. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of recycled rubber concrete cured at constant temperature and humidity for 28 days. Moreover, the size of microcracks in the ITZ area was evaluated. Results showed that the crack width of the ITZ between the rubber and cement paste (ITZ‐R) and between the ordinary aggregate and cement paste (ITZ‐S) showed similar variation patterns. The addition of 50–90 mesh rubber powder improved the ITZ micro‐crack structure of rubber concrete. Increasing the rubber content and particle size also increased the microcrack width of ITZ. The size of rubber aggregate was the key factor affecting the crack width in ITZ. Finally, the addition of rubber inhibited the hydration degree of cement, reduced the formation of hydration products in ITZ and substantially affected ITZ‐R.
The framing of power in climate change adaptation research
Authors: Woroniecki Stephen , Krüger Ruth , Rau Anna‐Lena , Preuss Maren Stefanie , Baumgartner Nora , Raggers Sanne , Niessen Laura , Holländer Lars , Beyers Felix , Rathgens Julius , Wagner Kai Christian , Habigt Lisa , Krause Torsten , Wamsler Christine , von Wehrden Henrik , Abson David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPower mechanisms and structures shape climate change adaptation outcomes, the measures adopted, and who is identified as requiring adaptation support. But to what extent does research recognize such power‐adaptation linkages? Based on a systematic literature review, we enquire if and how the framing of power matters for adaptation research and what the implications may be for practice. Our enquiry is predicated on the relationship between the researcher and the research focus being itself a relationship of power. Since power is complex and a single definition is not desirable, different actor‐orientated frames of power were used for the data analysis. The results show that authors are more likely to work with issues of power to (i.e., agency), power over, and empowerment, rather than resistance or disempowerment. Demonstrating the effect of such frames, these proportions change according to whether the research focuses on equity, effectiveness, or participation. For instance, power to is strongly associated with effectiveness, while disempowerment is associated more with equity. Together with other identified patterns, our review shows that researchers frame power in adaptation in ways that constitute biases and blind spots. Attention to particular frames of power can limit attention to important dynamics within adaptation processes. Both the content and context to which the identified frames are applied suggest structural trends in adaptation research that require increased attention. Since researchers' frames of power influence both research outcomes and broader adaptation‐power relations, the results indicate that reflexivity is needed to improve both adaptation research and practice.This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
From LCF to Isabelle/HOL
Authors: Paulson Lawrence C. , Nipkow Tobias , Wenzel Makarius 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInteractive theorem provers have developed dramatically over the past four decades, from primitive beginnings to today’s powerful systems. Here, we focus on Isabelle/HOL and its distinctive strengths. They include automatic proof search, borrowing techniques from the world of first order theorem proving, but also the automatic search for counterexamples. They include a highly readable structured language of proofs and a unique interactive development environment for editing live proof documents. Everything rests on the foundation conceived by Robin Milner for Edinburgh LCF: a proof kernel, using abstract types to ensure soundness and eliminate the need to store proofs. Compared with the research prototypes of the 1970s, Isabelle is a practical and versatile tool. It is used by system designers, mathematicians and many others.