bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eccentrically-Induced Fatigue in Voluntary Muscle Performance: the Effect of Muscle Length and Contraction Type
Authors: Skurvydas Albertas , Brazaitis Marius , Kamandulis Sigitas , Mickevičiene Dalia , Karanauskienė Diana 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. We hypothesized that eccentric exercise (EE) would induce muscle fatigue and damage, which are dependent not only on muscle length tested but and on contraction type (eccentric vs. concentric vs. isometric) as well.Research aim was to test the hypothesis.Research methods. Healthy untrained men (mean ± SD: age = 24.8 ± 3.7 years, n = 10) performed 10 series of 12 repetitions of eccentric knee contractions at 160 deg/s. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction force (MVC) of the quadriceps muscle, the maximal rate of torque development (RTD) and isokinetic torque at 30 deg/s were established before and after EE. All measures were performed at different knee angles. Besides, the EMG of the quadriceps muscle was measured.Research results showed a significant change in absolute values of RTD after EE (before EE: 3695 ± 803 N∙m/s and 2360 ± 695 N∙m/s at SL and LL respectively; after EE: 2574 ± 843 N∙m/s and 1517 ± 476 N∙m/s at SL and LL respectively). A significant difference between EMG (rms) in MVC was found after EE at LL and SL, i. e. in v.lateralis 0.32 ± 0.12 mV and 0.24 ± 0.1 mV and in r.femoris 0.25 ± 0.11 mV and 0.17 ± 0.07 mV respectively. All criteria of voluntary performance changed significantly after EE except for R TD, i.e. it increased after EE.Discussion and conclusions. We observed more changes in isokinetic torque at shorter muscle length after eccentric exercise-induced muscle fatigue and damage. The changes in MVC and RTD after eccentric exercise did not depend on the length of the muscle tested. Besides, relative RTD did not change after exercise.Keywords: eccentric, concentric and isometric contraction; muscle fatigue and damage; muscle length, muscle force; rate of muscle torque development.
The Residual Effect of Prior Drop Jumps on Cardio Respiratory Parameters during Moderate Cycling in Young Women
Authors: Baranauskienė Neringa , Stasiulis Arvydas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Unaccustomed prior drop jumps (PDJ) can cause muscle damage with concomitant delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decreased concentric contraction performance efficiency, but the residual effect of PJD on cardio respiratory system parameters during moderate cycling exercise (MC) remains equivocal. We suppose that DOMS, induced of PDJ, has altered cardio respiratory system parameters during MC exercises.Research aim of the study was to assess the residual effect of 100 prior drop jumps on cardio respiratory system parameters kinetics during moderate cycling exercise. Research methods. On four different days 10 women performed one increasing and three (control, 45 min and 24 h after 100 drop jumps) MC (Ergoline-800, Germany) exercises. The cadence of cycling was 70 rpm. The oxygen uptake (2 oV& ), carbon dioxide output (2 co V & ); minute ventilation ( E V ) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded during MC. Subjects rated their perceived exertions at the end of MC, and the DOMS was rated 24 h after PDJ. Research results. After 24 h the subjects felt moderate DOMS (5.0(2.79)) according to 10 point scale. The 2 oV& ; 2 co V & and HR kinetics were unaltered by moderate DOMS after 45 minutes and 24 hours, but E V tended to increase 45 minutes after PDJ. The negative correlation between DOMS and 2 oV& (r = –0.52) was observed.Discussion and conclusion. Prior drop jumps seem not to have significant residual effect on cardio respiratory parameters kinetics after 45 minutes or 24 hours, but they tend to increase E V after 45 minutes of recovery during moderate cycling exercise in young women.Keywords: delayed onset muscle soreness, oxygen uptake, constant load.
The Relation between Physical Activity and Health among Highly and Moderately Active Students
Authors: Linonis Vitas , Daniusevičiūtė Laura , Šulnienė Rasa , Šapokienė Loreta , Klizas Šarūnas , Mickevičius Vaidas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Lack of physical activity is influenced by a number of chronic non-infectious, mental (Corbin et al. 2001; Golden et al., 2004) and other diseases (Katzmarzyk et al., 2003). Students’ physical activity and nutrition research remains relevant, especially for those students the future profession of which is not related to physical activity and health. Research aim. The aim of the study was to estimate the relation between physical activity and health among highly and moderately active students.Research methods. All the subjects (n = 327) were grouped according to their physical activity levels. The group highly physically active students – female athletes (n = 32) and male athletes (n = 79) who were physically active more than 3000 minutes per week. The group of moderate physical activity included females (n = 47) and males (n = 169) who were physically active 600–3000 minutes per week (Ainsworth, Levy, 2004). The respondents filled in anonymous questionnaires: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The questions dealt with the time being physically active in the last seven days. The survey took place in February–April, 2012. Research results. The subjects in high physical activity group gave a subjective evaluation of their physical activity as high (53%) and moderate (32%). The subjects in the moderate physical activity group evaluated their physical activity as moderate (60%) and high (26%). All subjects in both groups indicated that their health was good. The headache symptoms, stomach, abdominal or back pains, sadness, depression, insomnia and dizziness were rare or not common at all to subjects in high (63%) physical activity group. Sadness, depression, nervous tension and irritability, and bad mood were common to subjects in moderate (59%) physical activity group. The subjects in high physical activity group had their meals three – four times per day (76%), but subjects in moderate group ate only two - three times per day (61%). Irregular lunch and dinner were common to subjects in moderate physical activity group (63%). Discussion and conclusions. Research results showed that subjects in high and moderate physical activity groups gave correct subjective evaluations of their physical activity forms. Also subjects in high physical activity group had breakfast, dinner and supper on regular basis and they had balanced diets more often (p < 0.05).Keywords: physical activity, health, nutrition
Inconsistencies of Foot Type Classification
Authors: Sakalauskaitė Raminta , Satkunskienė Danguolė 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Literature analysis shows that researchers try to determine which method used for foot type estimation is the most reliable, and look for correlations between directly received foot measurements (indexes, angles) ignoring assessment scales. Given different medial longitudinal arch (MLA) assessment scales, the comparison, discussion and conclusions of the obtained data might be unreliable.Research aim of this study was to determine the reliability of foot type classification: a) to assess correlation links between results from various methods used to analyse foot; b) to identify foot type distribution according to medial longitudinal arch.Research methods. The MLA of 182 feet was assessed using four prevalent foot type evaluation methods: the Chipaux-Smirak Index (CSI), the Staheli Index (SI), the Clarke angle (CLA) and arch index by D. S. Williams (WAI). Pearson’s correlation was used to determine links between foot indexes. Research results. Very strong link was found between CSI and SI footprint indexes, while medium negative correlation was determined between Clarke angle with Chipaux-Smirak (CSI) and Staheli (SI) indexes. Average amount of low arch foot assessed according to the foot type classification scales by the four methods was 64.0 (SD = 65.5), normal foot 92.25 (SD = 51.77) and high arch foot 25.75 (SD = 35.33).Discussion and conclusion. Research showed that current foot arch classification was not reliable. The foot type classification scales presented by F. Forriol, L. T. Staheli, N. M. Clarke and D. S. Williams define different medial longitudinal foot arch distribution by testing the same pairs of feet despite the correlative link intensity between foot arch indexes.Keywords: footprint, foot arch, assessment scale.
Peculiarities of Central and Peripheral Changes at Onset of Dosed and Maximal Exercise Tests
Authors: Zacharienė Birutė , Poderys Jonas , Trinkūnas Eugenijus , Buliuolis Alfonsas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Since varying types of physical workloads activate different physiological system activity at different degree, during dosed and maximal exercises the total effects can highlight the properties of central and peripheral mechanisms and reveal significant synergies between the central and peripheral cardiovascular processes. Research aim was to determine the peculiarities of central and peripheral indices of cardiovascular system while performing dosed and maximal exercise tests. Research methods. Two groups took part in the study – sportsmen-sprinters (16) and sportsmen – endurance group (11). The participants of the study performed Roufier exercise and 30 s maximal jump test with maximal efforts. The 12-leads ECG was registered continuously and the changes of heart rate (HR), JT interval and ratio JT/RR were analysed. Near-infrared spectroscopy was employed for continuous registration of the changes in oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) and arterial blood flow.Research results. The results obtained during the study showed increasingly changing ECG indices while performing exercise load in both athlete groups but there was no statistically significant difference between groups while performing maximal exercise, thus oxygen saturation and arterial blood flow was statistically significantly faster and decreased more in sprint athlete group. Discussion and conclusion. Dosed and maximal exercise test indicated the peculiarities of cardiovascular function of athletes, although more differences between individual peculiarities of athletes can be revealed while performing a dosed exercise test and still more differences – while the maximal exercise tests are performed and during the recovery after exercising.Keywords: dosed and maximal exercise test, cardiovascular system, endurance, sprint.
Functional Interaction of Pelvic Floor, Diaphragm and Trunk Muscles among Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zachovajevienė Brigita , Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Zachovajevas Pavelas , Milonas Daimantas , Lapinskaitė Loreta 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. The absolute dominance of the isolated muscle presentation as the first and last word in muscular anatomy leaves the current generation of therapists unlikely to think any other way (Myers, 2009). Hypothesis: functional relationships could be found between pelvic floor, diaphragm, and trunk muscles in men with prostate cancer.Research aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate functional associations between pelvic floor, diaphragm, and trunk muscles among men with prostate cancer. Research methods. The study included 81 male volunteers diagnosed with prostate cancer with measurements conducted one day before radical prostatectomy. Pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance were measured using “Peritron 9300” device, the strength of diaphragm – with “MicroRPM”, the strength of transversus abdominis muscle – with “Stabilizer”. Trunk muscles were tested using tests for static postural endurance of abdominal and back muscles. Associations were estimated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Research results. Analysis of functional indicators of muscles demonstrated high linear associations between strength of pelvic floor and diaphragm (r = 0.79), between strength of diaphragm and exhalation muscles (r = 0.78), and between static endurance of abdominal and back muscles (r = 0.72). We determined moderate correlations between endurance of pelvic floor and strength of transversus abdominis muscle (r = 0.59), between strength of transversus abdominis and static endurance of abdominal muscles (r = 0.69), between strength of diaphragm and static endurance of abdominal (r = 0.56) and back muscles (r = 0.51), between the strength of exhalation muscles and static endurance of abdominal muscles (r = 0.57) and strength of pelvic floor (r = 0.65), between strength of pelvic floor and static endurance of back muscles (r = 0.50). Low correlations were found between strength of pelvic floor and transversus abdominis (r = 0.31) and static endurance of abdominal muscles (r = 0.44), between endurance of pelvic floor and exhalation muscles (r = 0.37), and finally between transversus abdominis and static strength of back muscles (r = 0.39). All correlations were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Discussion and conclusions. The findings showed positive associations among different functional indicators of muscles: strength of pelvic floor correlates with endurance of pelvic floor muscles, static abdominal and back muscles, strength of diaphragm, and transversus abdominis muscles. The results of this study confirm that functional associations between pelvic floor, diaphragm, and trunk muscles exist.Keywords: abdominal muscles, static postural endurance, respiration, core stability.
Effect of General Versus Specialized Exercises on Movement Control of Lumbo- Pelvic Region in Subjects with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Garbenytė Toma , Poškaitis Vytautas , Zaveckas Vidmantas , Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Gudas Rimtautas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Low back pain is a huge problem in the world. One of the main reasons why the low back pain problems arise is lumbo-pelvic motor control dysfunction. Specialized exercises are the basis of physical therapy for low back pain patients. Hypothesis: specialized exercises can be more effective for movement control of lumbo-pelvic region in subjects with chronic low back pain.Research aim was to assess the effect of general versus specialized exercises for movement control of lumbo-pelvic region in subjects with chronic low back pain.Research methods. The study involved 60 subjects with chronic low back pain, 29 women and 31 men, aged 21.5 years on average. All subjects were submitted to the Low Back Pain Duration and Beacke Habitual Physical Activity Assessment questionnaires (Baecke et al., 1982). Lumbo-pelvic motion control was evaluated by six Hannu Luomajoki movement control tests (Luomajoki et al., 2008). Specialized and general training programs were prescribed and performed under supervision of physical therapist. Video materials expert analysis was used for the evaluation of the study data.Research results. The results showed that a specialized training program was more effective than general exercises in improving movement control in lumbo-pelvic region for patients with low back pain.Discussion and conclusions. General exercise training program for general exercise group had no effect for all test results. Specialized exercise training program results showed that lumbo-pelvic movement control improved in five of the six control tests (p < 0.05).Keywords: motor control, physical therapy program, stability, mobility.
Are there Any Differences in Simple and Random Choice Motor Task Performance between Young and Middle-Aged Adults?
Authors: Solianik Rima , Aleknavičiūtė Vaida , Skurvydas Albertas , Brazaitis Marius 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Most studies are based on elderly subjects’ results, so there is a need to explore if motor performance changes begin in the middle age. We hypothesize that (i) middle-aged subjects use “play it safe” strategy, which depends on the type of tasks (simple vs. random choice); (ii) middle-aged subjects will show higher intra-individual performance variability compared to young adults, furthermore, simple task will show lower performance variability.Research aim was to establish if there were any movement performance differences during simple and random choice motor task performance between young and middle-aged adults.Research methods. Middle-aged and young adults performed two speed-accuracy tasks. During simple task participants had to reach the same target which appeared in the same place and during random choice task the target appeared randomly in one of the three different places.Research results. Data showed that middle-aged group had slower (p < 0.05) reaction time and maximal velocity, whereas movement path length was more accurate (p < 0.05) than that in the young adult group. Comparing different tasks it was observed that during simple task reaction time was faster (p < 0.05) than in the random choice task in both groups. Intra-individual variability of reaction time and maximal velocity was higher (p < 0.05) in the middle-aged group, whereas no changes were observed between different tasks.Discussion and conclusion. Motor performance strategy “play it safe” is already observed for the middle- aged population: they decrease maximal velocity and reaction time in order to make movement more accurate. Additionally, they demonstrate task-independent higher intra-individual variability of reaction time and maximal velocity showing changes in CNS integrity compared to young adults.Keywords: aging, speed-accuracy tasks, intra-individual variability.
Peculiarities of Selected Sport Performance in Women Olympic Handball
Authors: Vidūnaitė Gabija , Skarbalius Antanas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Sport contest model is the main indicator of athletes’ sport performance, which allows defining sports trends in general, predicting sports results and also designing directions for training. Research aim was to determine the alteration of goals (as a key indicator) scored by women in Olympic handball in order to carry out trends of modern women handball.Research methods. Data sets were gathered from the International Handball Federation (EHF) website (http://www.ihf-info.com) covering Olympic Games since Montreal (1976) till London (2012). The data was used from all 248 matches. Statistically significant differences between the independent samples were determined using Student’s t-values of the criterion of a 95% significance level.Research results. In the period of 36 years women’s handball has become more dynamic as teams scored 10.2 goals more in London (25.1 ± 4.5) than in Montreal (14.9 ± 7.4). Teams representing the continent of Europe (23.3 ± 4.2) scored 2.2 goals more on average than teams from other continents (21.1 ± 6.1) during the Olympics. Though the mastery of European teams was better than that of others, the South Korean team, representing the Asian continent, is the first in the rating ranks scale. Discussion and conclusions. Referring to the differences between scored and missed goals by teams which were ess compared Montreal and London Olympic Games we suggest that the mastership of women’s handball is going up and becoming more equal. The phenomenon of South Korean team has allowed to state that the final results in modern women’s handball might be determined not only by the body composition but by other indices of a team or of an individual player’s fitness as well.Keywords: women’s elite sport, key indicators in team handball, national analyses.
Changes in Psychomotor Reactions and Hemodynamic Parameters during a Six Minute Walking Test for Men with Hearing Impairments
Authors: Mickevičienė Dalia , Balnys Vaidotas , Samėnienė Jūratė , Mickevičius Mantas 
Published: May 2019

Background. Lately scientists abroad and in Lithuania have been interested in the peculiarities of motor learning and control. As the recent research shows, psychomotor parameters of persons with disabilities receive much attention from the community. However, we could find only a few scientific papers dealing with the psychomotor peculiarities of the disabled people, deaf people among. Research aim was to evaluate psychomotor reactions and hemodynamic indices of persons with hearing impairments, athletes and male persons who did not go in for sports.Methods. Twenty two young persons with hearing impairments took part in the study. Among them there were deaf players from the national basketball team (age 23.80 ± 2.6 years), (45.5%, n = 10). Persons with hearing impairments who did not go in for sports were in the control group (age 21.75 ± 1.8 years), (54.5%, n = 12). Research was carried out in the Lithuanian Sports University (LSU) using the analyser of dynamic parameters DPA – 1 for human hand and leg movements in the laboratory of motor control.Results. Simple and complex reaction time was statistically different only after physical exercise between athletes with hearing impairments and those who did not go in for sports (p < 0.05). Simple psychomotor reaction time of athletes with inborn and acquired hearing impairments before and after exercise was not statistically significantly different. There were no significant changes in simple and complex reaction time and hemodynamic parameters (double product) of athletes with inborn hearing impairment after the 6-minute walking test.Conclusion. Simple and complex reaction time in athletes with hearing impairment and those who did not go in for sports was statistically different (p < .05) only after physical strain in sportsmen. Having tested simple psychomotor time reaction in deaf persons since birth and those with the acquired hearing impairment before and after exercise we found that there was no significant difference ( p > .05) between them, but the complex reaction time in subjects with acquired hearing impairment before and after exercise was shorter than in persons who were deaf since birth. However, the difference was also not significant (p > .05). There were also no significant changes in simple and complex reaction time and hemodynamic parameters (double product) in athletes who were deaf since birth after the 6 min walking test.Keywords: hearing impairment, psychomotor parameters, reaction time.