bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A vintage Listener crossword
Authors: Cuthbertson Alastair , McBride Adam , Stanford Doug 
Published: February 2018

This Article deals with the following problem.Problem: Find positive integers x, y and z with x < y < z such thatx + y, x + z, y + z and x + y + z are squares. (1)The interest in this problem arose from a conversation between the first two authors at The Times Listener Crossword Setters’ Dinner in March 2017. The Listener was a weekly magazine published by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) from 1929 until 1991. Its main purpose was to reproduce the text of broadcast talks. However, from 1930 onwards it also contained a crossword, which was acknowledged to be the hardest cryptic crossword in a national weekly. When the magazine ceased publication, the crossword was ‘rescued’ by The Times newspaper and has appeared therein on Saturdays for over 25 years.
Fibonacci periods and multiples
Authors: Jameson G. J. O. 
Published: February 2018

The well-known Fibonacci numbers Fn are defined by the recurrence relationFn = Fn – 1 + Fn – 2. (1)together with the starting values F0 = 0, F1 = 1, or equivalently F1 = F2 = 1.We record the first few:The recurrence relation can also be applied backwards in the form Fn = Fn + 2 – Fn + 1 to define Fn for n < 0. An easy induction verifies that F−n = (−1)n – 1Fn for n > 0.
The history of transdisciplinary race classification: methods, politics and institutions, 1840s–1940s
Authors: MCMAHON RICHARD 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA recently blossoming historiographical literature recognizes that physical anthropologists allied with scholars of diverse aspects of society and history to racially classify European peoples over a period of about a hundred years. They created three successive race classification coalitions – ethnology, from around 1840; anthropology, from the 1850s; and interwar raciology – each of which successively disintegrated. The present genealogical study argues that representing these coalitions as ‘transdisciplinary’ can enrich our understanding of challenges to disciplinary specialization. This is especially the case for the less well-studied nineteenth century, when disciplines and challenges to disciplinary specialization were both gradually emerging. Like Marxism or structuralism, race classification was a holistic interpretive framework, which, at its most ambitious, aimed to structure the human sciences as a whole. It resisted the organization of academia and knowledge into disciplines with separate organizational institutions and research practices. However, the ‘transdisciplinarity’ of this nationalistic project also bridged emerging borderlines between science and politics. I ascribe race classification's simultaneous longevity and instability to its complex and intricately entwined processes of political and interdisciplinary coalition building. Race classification's politically useful conclusions helped secure public support for institutionalizing the coalition's component disciplines. Institutionalization in turn stimulated disciplines to professionalize. They emphasized disciplinary boundaries and insisted on apolitical science, thus ultimately undermining the ‘transdisciplinary’ project.
THE ROLE OF THE COURT IN DEBT RESTRUCTURING
Authors: Payne Jennifer 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the intervention of the law, and the role of the court, in debt restructuring, both in terms of imposing constraints on creditors and in seeking to ameliorate the potential abuses that can arise from such constraints. Three potential forms of abuse are examined: the imposition of a restructuring on dissenting creditors, which introduces the potential for wealth transfers between creditors; the imposition of a moratorium while a restructuring is negotiated, which might lead to misuse of the process by managers wishing to prop up companies which are not viable, or may allow managers of a viable business to “shake off” liabilities that it is capable of servicing; and the facilitation of rescue finance, which raises the potential for new creditors to be preferred at the expense of existing creditors. It is argued that the court's role in protecting creditors from these three forms of potential abuse is vital, although the nature of that role differs according to the form of abuse. Recent debt restructuring reform proposals in both the UK and the EU, which adopt distinct approaches to the role of the court in this process, are examined in the light of this discussion.
The Electoral Consequences of Party Switching in Canada: 1945–2011
Authors: Snagovsky Feodor , Kerby Matthew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article addresses the overlooked subject of party switching in the Canadian House of Commons for the period 1945–2011. We estimate a model that explores how and why MPs engage in the otherwise risky behaviour of abandoning their party labels in a system characterized by a low personal vote. Our findings suggest that the electoral consequences for MPs who switch parties for policy reasons are indistinguishable from MPs who do not switch at all. By contrast, MPs who switch parties for office-related reasons, such as to accept a seat in cabinet or vote-related reasons, experience large electoral penalties. We also find that MPs who are expelled from caucus face the strongest electoral penalties of all party switchers, indicating it matters whether an MP jumps or is pushed. Our findings suggest that voters recognize opportunistic behaviour among their legislators and punish them accordingly and that under some circumstances, party switching may be both strategic and rational.
Control of helminth ruminant infections by 2030
Authors: Vercruysse Jozef , Charlier Johannes , Van Dijk Jan , Morgan Eric R. , Geary Tim , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg , Claerebout Edwin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHelminth infections have large negative impacts on production efficiency in ruminant farming systems worldwide, and their effective management is essential if livestock production is to increase to meet future human needs for dietary protein. The control of helminths relies heavily on routine use of chemotherapeutics, but this approach is unsustainable as resistance to anthelmintic drugs is widespread and increasing. At the same time, infection patterns are being altered by changes in climate, land-use and farming practices. Future farms will need to adopt more efficient, robust and sustainable control methods, integrating ongoing scientific advances. Here, we present a vision of helminth control in farmed ruminants by 2030, bringing to bear progress in: (1) diagnostic tools, (2) innovative control approaches based on vaccines and selective breeding, (3) anthelmintics, by sustainable use of existing products and potentially new compounds, and (4) rational integration of future control practices. In this review, we identify the technical advances that we believe will place new tools in the hands of animal health decision makers in 2030, to enhance their options for control and allow them to achieve a more integrated and sustainable approach to helminth control in support of animal welfare and production.
Association between increased serum interleukin-6 levels and sustained attention deficits in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Ye Gang , Yin Guang Zhong , Tang Zhen , Fu Jia Lin , Chen Jie , Chen Shan Shan , Li Jia , Fu Tian , Yu Xin , Xu Dong Wu , Yao Jeffrey K. , Hui Li 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in patients with the major depressive disorder (MDD) may involve neuroinflammation mediated by cytokines.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, sustained attention, and their association in patients with MDD.MethodsThirty patients with MDD and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Sustained attention was measured using the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) task in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery. The serum IL-6 levels of all subjects were assessed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsThere were significant differences in the log10RVP total hits, log10RVP total misses, and log10RVP mean latency between patients with MDD and healthy controls (F= 6.04,p= 0.017;F= 19.77,p< 0.0001;F= 14.42,p< 0.0001, respectively). The serum levels of Log10IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with MDD than in healthy controls (F= 192.27,p< 0.0001). The log10IL-6 levels were also positively correlated with the log10RVP mean latency in patients with MDD (r= 0.45,p= 0.013). A further stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that the log10IL-6 levels were significantly associated with the log10RVP mean latency in patients with MDD (β= 0.31,t= 2.41,p= 0.025).ConclusionsOur data suggested that increased IL-6 levels were associated with the psychopathology of MDD, and that abnormal IL-6 levels were implicated in the impairment of sustained attention in patients with MDD.
Motivation and background of participants and providers of self-harvest gardens in Germany
Authors: Gauder Martin , Hagel Heinrich , Gollmann Nadine , Stängle Joachim , Doluschitz Reiner , Claupein Wilhelm 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDifferent forms of urban agriculture have gained increased interest and participation in Germany. One form of urban agriculture is self-harvest gardening where participants can lease a plot in a field with various vegetables. However, in Western Europe, little is known about self-harvest garden participants and providers or their motivation and social background. Therefore, in 2015 a survey was conducted with 173 participants and 34 providers from different regions and cities in Germany. The study aimed to compile a self-characterization of people engaged in this form of gardening on a national level. The outcome of the survey captures an emerging phenomenon. While many of the self-harvest gardens can be assigned as grassroot initiatives, participants generally characterized themselves as having a middle or high income, a sustainable lifestyle, high level of education and high nutritional awareness. Disproportionally often, females were engaged in self-harvest gardening. Providers were mainly farmers with a high affinity to organic agriculture. Often the farmers had synergistic effects with other activities like farm shops. Location of the garden area, good support by the providers, promotional marketing and social activities were identified as factors for successful self-harvest gardens. The main incentive for the participants seem to be their engagement in the production of local and healthy food, which can be taken into account by the providers when considering their future focus. On the other hand, problems with bad harvest, theft and vandalism were challenges for some self-harvest gardens. While, legal problems were not a major concern for the providers.
Effects of self-reported hearing or vision impairment on depressive symptoms: a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Han J. H. , Lee H. J. , Jung J. , Park E.-C. 
Published: February 2018

Aims.The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of either hearing, vision or dual sensory impairment on depressive symptoms and to identify subgroups that are vulnerable and significantly affected.Methods.Data from the 2006–2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) were used and a total of 5832 individuals were included in this study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D10) scale. Sensory impairment was assessed according to the levels of self-reported hearing or vision, which were categorised as either good (excellent, very good or good) or poor (fair or poor). The changes in hearing or vision from records of previous survey were investigated. Changes from good to poor, which indicates new onset, were defined as hearing impairment or vision impairment. Interactions of changes in hearing and vision were considered in the analysis. Dual sensory impairment was indicated when hearing impairment and vision impairment both developed at the same time. Demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors were considered as potential confounders and were adjusted for in the generalised estimating equation model.Results.Individuals with hearing impairment demonstrated significantly more severe depressive symptoms [β = 0.434, standard errors (s.e.) = 0.097, p &lt; 0.001] than those who had good hearing. Those with vision impairment also showed significantly elevated depressive symptoms (β = 0.253, s.e. = 0.058, p &lt; 0.001) than those with good vision. When the interactions between hearing and vision were considered, participants with dual sensory impairment showed significantly more severe depressive symptoms (β = 0.768, s.e. = 0.197, p &lt; 0.001) than those with good hearing and vision. The effect of a single and dual sensory impairment on depressive symptoms was significant in both sexes and across age groups, except for vision impairment in male participants.Conclusions.Hearing, vision and dual sensory impairment are significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that treatment or rehabilitation of either hearing or vision impairment would help prevent depression.
Adults’ and Children’s Understanding of How Expertise	Influences Learning
Authors: Danovitch Judith H. , Shenouda Christine K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Adults and children use information about expertise to infer what a person is likely to know, but it is unclear whether they realize that expertise also has implications for learning. We explore adults’ and children’s understanding that expertise in a particular category supports learning about a closely related category. In four experiments, 5-year-olds and adults (n = 160) judged which of two people would be better at learning about a new category. When faced with an expert and a nonexpert, adults consistently indicated that expertise supports learning in a closely related category; however, children’s judgments were inconsistent and were strongly influenced by the description of the nonexpert. The results suggest that although children understand what it means to be an expert, they may judge an individual’s learning capacity based on different considerations than adults.
Myeloid-derived interleukin-1β drives oncogenic KRAS-NF-κΒ addiction in malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Marazioti Antonia , Lilis Ioannis , Vreka Malamati , Apostolopoulou Hara , Kalogeropoulou Argyro , Giopanou Ioanna , Giotopoulou Georgia A. , Krontira Anthi C. , Iliopoulou Marianthi , Kanellakis Nikolaos I. , Agalioti Theodora , Giannou Anastasios D. , Jones-Paris Celestial , Iwakura Yoichiro , Kardamakis Dimitrios , Blackwell Timothy S. , Taraviras Stavros , Spella Magda , Stathopoulos Georgios T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a frequent metastatic manifestation of human cancers. While we previously identified KRAS mutations as molecular culprits of MPE formation, the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Here, we determine that non-canonical IKKα-RelB pathway activation of KRAS-mutant tumor cells mediates MPE development and this is fueled by host-provided interleukin IL-1β. Indeed, IKKα is required for the MPE-competence of KRAS-mutant tumor cells by activating non-canonical NF-κB signaling. IL-1β fuels addiction of mutant KRAS to IKKα resulting in increased CXCL1 secretion that fosters MPE-associated inflammation. Importantly, IL-1β-mediated NF-κB induction in KRAS-mutant tumor cells, as well as their resulting MPE-competence, can only be blocked by co-inhibition of both KRAS and IKKα, a strategy that overcomes drug resistance to individual treatments. Hence we show that mutant KRAS facilitates IKKα-mediated responsiveness of tumor cells to host IL-1β, thereby establishing a host-to-tumor signaling circuit that culminates in inflammatory MPE development and drug resistance.
ACKR2 in hematopoietic precursors as a checkpoint of neutrophil release and anti-metastatic activity
Authors: Massara Matteo , Bonavita Ornella , Savino Benedetta , Caronni Nicoletta , Mollica Poeta Valeria , Sironi Marina , Setten Elisa , Recordati Camilla , Crisafulli Laura , Ficara Francesca , Mantovani Alberto , Locati Massimo , Bonecchi Raffaella 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAtypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are regulators of leukocyte traffic, inflammation, and immunity. ACKR2 is a scavenger for most inflammatory CC chemokines and is a negative regulator of inflammation. Here we report that ACKR2 is expressed in hematopoietic precursors and downregulated during myeloid differentiation. Genetic inactivation of ACKR2 results in increased levels of inflammatory chemokine receptors and release from the bone marrow of neutrophils with increased anti-metastatic activity. In a model of NeuT-driven primary mammary carcinogenesis ACKR2 deficiency is associated with increased primary tumor growth and protection against metastasis. ACKR2 deficiency results in neutrophil-mediated protection against metastasis in mice orthotopically transplanted with 4T1 mammary carcinoma and intravenously injected with B16F10 melanoma cell lines. Thus, ACKR2 is a key regulator (checkpoint) of mouse myeloid differentiation and function and its targeting unleashes the anti-metastatic activity of neutrophils in mice.
Quasistatic antiferromagnetism in the quantum wells of SmTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
Authors: Need Ryan F. , Marshall Patrick B. , Kenney Eric , Suter Andreas , Prokscha Thomas , Salman Zaher , Kirby Brian J. , Stemmer Susanne , Graf Michael J. , Wilson Stephen D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh carrier density quantum wells embedded within a Mott insulating matrix present a rich arena for exploring unconventional electronic phase behavior ranging from non-Fermi-liquid transport and signatures of quantum criticality to pseudogap formation. Probing the proposed connection between unconventional magnetotransport and incipient electronic order within these quantum wells has however remained an enduring challenge due to the ultra-thin layer thicknesses required. Here we address this challenge by exploring the magnetic properties of high-density SrTiO3 quantum wells embedded within the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator SmTiO3 via muon spin relaxation and polarized neutron reflectometry measurements. The one electron per planar unit cell acquired by the nominal d0 band insulator SrTiO3 when embedded within a d1 Mott SmTiO3 matrix exhibits slow magnetic fluctuations that begin to freeze into a quasistatic spin state below a critical temperature T*. The appearance of this quasistatic well magnetism coincides with the previously reported opening of a pseudogap in the tunneling spectra of high carrier density wells inside this film architecture. Our data suggest a common origin of the pseudogap phase behavior in this quantum critical oxide heterostructure with those observed in bulk Mott materials close to an antiferromagnetic instability.
The Caveats of observing Inter-Trial Phase-Coherence in Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: van Diepen Rosanne Maria , Mazaheri Ali 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMany studies have now consistently reported that the phase angle of ongoing oscillatory activity (measured using EEG/MEG), at time of stimulus presentation influences detection when stimuli are near-threshold. However, studies examining whether the adjustment of the phase angle of oscillations is under top-down attentional control have thus far yielded conflicting results. A possible source for the discrepancy could be that the estimation of the phase of ongoing oscillations as well as its uniformity across trials could be affected by task induced changes in the power of oscillations or concurrent evoked responses. One measure, Inter-Trial Phase-Locking (ITPC), or the uniformity of phase angles across trials, is particularly vulnerable to these factors. Here, using various simulations modelling the common task induced changes in the EEG reported in the literature, we demonstrate that apparent changes in Inter-Trial Phase-Locking of oscillatory activity can occur independent of any actual change in the phase of the ongoing activity.
Dry habitats sustain high CO2 emissions from temporary ponds across seasons
Authors: Obrador Biel , von Schiller Daniel , Marcé Rafael , Gómez-Gener Lluís , Koschorreck Matthias , Borrego Carles , Catalán Núria 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite the increasing understanding of the magnitude and drivers of carbon gas emissions from inland waters, the relevance of water fluctuation and associated drying on their dynamics is rarely addressed. Here, we quantified CO2 and CH4 fluxes from a set of temporary ponds across seasons. The ponds were in all occasion net CO2 emitters irrespective of the presence or absence of water. While the CO2 fluxes were in the upper range of emissions for freshwater lentic systems, CH4 fluxes were mostly undetectable. Dry habitats substantially contributed to these emissions and were always a source of CO2, whereas inundated habitats acted either as a source or a sink of atmospheric CO2 along the year. Higher concentrations of coloured and humic organic matter in water and sediment were linked to higher CO2 emissions. Composition of the sediment microbial community was related both to dissolved organic matter concentration and composition, but we did not find a direct link with CO2 fluxes. The presence of methanogenic archaea in most ponds suggested the potential for episodic CH4 production and emission. Our results highlight the need for spatially and temporally inclusive approaches that consider the dry phases and habitats to characterize carbon cycling in temporary systems.
Terpene Composition Complexity Controls Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields from Scots Pine Volatile Emissions
Authors: Faiola C. L. , Buchholz A. , Kari E. , Yli-Pirilä P. , Holopainen J. K. , Kivimäenpää M. , Miettinen P. , Worsnop D. R. , Lehtinen K. E. J. , Guenther A. B. , Virtanen A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol (SOA) impact climate by scattering and absorbing radiation and contributing to cloud formation. SOA models are based on studies of simplified chemical systems that do not account for the chemical complexity in the atmosphere. This study investigated SOA formation from a mixture of real Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) emissions including a variety of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. SOA generation was characterized from different combinations of volatile compounds as the plant emissions were altered with an herbivore stress treatment. During active herbivore feeding, monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions increased, but SOA mass yields decreased after accounting for absorption effects. SOA mass yields were controlled by sesquiterpene emissions in healthy plants. In contrast, SOA mass yields from stressed plant emissions were controlled by the specific blend of monoterpene emissions. Conservative estimates using a box model approach showed a 1.5- to 2.3-fold aerosol enhancement when the terpene complexity was taken into account. This enhancement was relative to the commonly used model monoterpene, “α-pinene”. These results suggest that simplifying terpene complexity in SOA models could lead to underpredictions in aerosol mass loading.