bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RISPOSTA
Authors: Sartori Giovanni 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneCome Panebianco spiega benissimo, tutto è fermo anche perché i politici al potere si aggrappano come colla al potere che hanno. Gli studiosi non li debbono aiutare (nel bloccare tutto) con i loro dissensi. Se, dunque, rispondo sia a lui come a Passigli, è a fini di chiarimento costruttivo. Il mio intento è di cercare convergenze, accantonando dissensi secondari, innecessari o comunque superabili.
‘My Favorite Song’: understanding a music learning ecology of children from interaction among media, family and school contexts
Authors: Ocaña-Fernández Almudena , Reyes-López Mª Luisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present case study, we used observation and interviews to investigate the musical experience of a group of children of 3–4 years old. We look into the uniqueness of music in the child’s environment which belongs to the media, family and school contexts. The present study allows us to understand some implications of musical experiences for building social identity and the need to link formal music learning processes with those taking place in non-formal and informal spaces. Through this paper, we provide a vicarious experience that will enable the reader to understand our findings and raise new questions and interpretations.
Towards an informed public
Authors: Ingram D. S. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisThe successful utilisation of recent advances in plant biotechnology for the benefit of mankind, with the avoidance of fundamental mistakes that could lead to environmental disaster, requires wise and balanced legislation. In addition, the conservation of the habitats and germplasm so essential to plant breeding requires carefully planned management of resources. These, however, depend upon an informed public with a sensitivity to, and knowledge and understanding of, the issues at stake. It is the people, after all, who influence decision making by governments, through the ballot box or through the pressure of public opinion. Botanic Gardens have a vital role to play in public education, and have the capacity to become the shop windows for the whole of plant science.Four examples of public education in plant biology being developed at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh are considered, as follows:(i) Public information, as exemplified by the provision of information about plants, lectures about plants and the development of ecological plantings and displays relating to agriculture, plant breeding and conservation.(ii) Contact through art, as exemplified by the Andy Goldsworthy retrospective exhibition of 1990 and the 1991 exhibitions of the work of Redouté and Margaret Stones, in which the media of sculpture and painting inspired by the natural world have been used to build bridges between plant science and the wider public.(iii) Education in primary schools, as exemplified by the ‘Living in a Rainforest’ project, in which young people and their teachers spend periods of time in a replica of a Bornean longhouse and through this experience develop an understanding of the importance of the balance between people and the complex ecosystem of the rainforest.(iv) Education in secondary schools, as exemplified by the Science and Plants for Schools project in which rapid cycling Brassica rapa and other materials are used in the development of new and exciting approaches to the teaching of experimental plant science, genetics and breeding.The ways in which projects such as these can be designed to convey important messages concerning plant breeding, genetic engineering, germplasm and habitat conservation and the role of plants in the world economy are discussed, and ideas for other approaches to public education in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh are outlined.
A Comparison of CT Contrast Enhancement and BUDR Labeling Indices in Moderately and Highly Anaplastic Astrocytomas of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Authors: McDermott Michael W. , Krouwer Hendrikus G.J. , Asai Akio , Ito Satoyuki , Hoshino Takao , Prados Michael D. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Contrast enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) scans has been used in directing therapy for presumed intracranial gliomas. However, for moderately anaplastic astrocytomas (MOAAS) and highly anaplastic astrocytomas (HAAS), it provides no information about proliferative potential. The bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) labeling index (LI), however, indicates proliferative potential, correlating with histologic malignancy and survival. An LI < 1% is a favorable indicator; LI > 5% suggests more aggressiveness. To determine the correlation, if any, between BUDR LI and contrast enhancement, CT scans of 71 patients with cerebral hemisphere tumors labeled with BUDR were retrospectively reviewed. Among 36 MOAAS, the BUDR LI was < 1% in 77% of enhanced tumors and 61% of unenhanced tumors. Among 35 HAAS, it was < 5% in 56% of enhanced tumors and 90% of unenhanced tumors. Therefore, contrast enhancement on CT scans does not always correctly predict proliferative potential in these tumors, and biopsy and labeling studies are recommended before therapy.
Is Cerebral Arteritis the Cause of the Landau-Kleffner Syndrome? Four Cases in Childhood with Angiographic Study
Authors: Pascual-Castroviejo Ignacio , Martín V. López , Bermejo A. Martínez , Higueras A. Pérez 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Four children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome were studied over a six year period. They presented with acquired aphasia, epilepsy, and focal or generalized EEG discharges which were exacerbated during sleep. In addition, cerebral angiography demonstrated isolated arteritis of some branches of the carotid arteries in all cases. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images were normal. Nicardipine in a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day, added to conventional anticonvulsant drugs provided effective supplementary control of seizures, of paroxysmal EEG discharges, and of language and behavioural disturbances, even several years after the onset of the disorder and in patients whose response to other medications, including steroids, had been poor. Interruption of nicardipine administration was followed by relapse of the language disorder. Repeat angiography was performed in all four patients and showed recanal-ization of obstructed vessels in two cases. Focal cerebral vasculitis may be the pathogenesis of the Landau-Kleffner syndrome and calcium channel blockers such as nicardipine may be effective and specific therapy.
A Comparison of Methods to Assess the Excitability of Lower Motoneurones
Authors: Milanov Ivan G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this investigation was to compare three methods of assessing the excitability of lower motoneurones—TA-reflex, H-reflex and F-wave—in 120 patients with spastic hemiparesis following a stroke. The H-reflex was recorded from the soleus muscle after submaximal electrostimulation of the tibial nerve. The T-Achilles (TA) reflex was recorded from the soleus muscle after percussion of the Achilles tendon. The F-wave was recorded in the distal limb muscles after supramaximal electrostimulation of the median, ulnar, fibular and tibial nerves. The patient’s healthy side was used as a control. The TA-reflex, H-reflex and F-wave showed increased amplitudes on the spastic side. All amplitude ratios: TA/M, H/M, Fmax/M and Fmean/M were increased. The H-reflex thresholds were decreased. The F-wave duration, persistence and number of phases were also increased on the spastic side. Despite clinically decreased muscle tone, there were no changes in TA or H-reflex parameters after treatment. On the other hand, F-wave parameters tended to normalize after treatment in all groups. In conclusion, the F-wave is a more sensitive method than the TA and H-reflexes in assessing the excitability of the lower motoneurone.
Neurodevelopmental Criteria in the Classification of Congenital Motor Nystagmus
Authors: Jan J.E. , Carruthers J.D.A. , Tillson G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Congenital motor nystagmus (CMN) can be familial or non-familial. The expressivity of CMN is so variable that in one affected member of the family the oscillations are obvious, while in the others the nystagmus could be overlooked even by the patients themselves. In spontaneous cases the proof of heredity might be discovered by an ophthalmological examination or eye movement recordings of other family members. Our multidisciplinary studies of 27 children with CMN suggests that a neurodevelopmental assessment can also be valuable in establishing a diagnosis of heredity. Our studies suggest that the hereditary form of CMN is free from neurodevelopmental problems, while the non-familial form is not. Therefore, children with spontaneous CMN could be referred for neurodevelopmental evaluation in order to establish a more accurate diagnosis.
Beta-Adrenoceptor Modulation in a Case of Pure Autonomic Failure
Authors: Perna Sergio , Leone Rocco , Farace Maria Jussie , Brescia-Morra Vincenzo , Campanella Giuseppe , Brevetti Gregorio 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:In a patient with pure autonomic failure, exercise did not modify beta-adrenoceptor density, probably due to an insufficient increase in plasma catecholamines. Isoproterenol infusion increased the number of beta-adrenoceptor by only 17%. Since in control subjects an increased beta-adrenoceptor level was found, following both physical stress and isoproterenol infusion, we suggest that the lack of increased beta-adrenoceptor levels may contribute to the poor circulatory adjustments observed in autonomic dysfunction during activities involving the sympathetic nervous system.
Myasthenia Gravis in a Child with Sequelae of Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Authors: Wilfong Angus A. , Fernandez Fabio 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Immune-mediated myasthenia gravis occurred in a 13-month-old girl who had sequelae of an opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. She had an abnormal Raji cell assay along with elevated antiacetylcholine receptor and antithyroglobulin antibodies. No evidence of an associated malignancy was found with either condition. Clearly, the co-occurrence of two diseases within a single patient does not establish a common pathogenesis. Nevertheless, this is a provocative association and may point to an immunologically mediated process in the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.
An Application of the Rational Expectations Hypothesis in the U.S. Beekeeping Industry
Authors: Willett Lois Schertz 
Published: May 2019

A national beekeeping-industry model, assuming rational expectations, is presented.Consistent and asymptotically efficient estimates are obtained by a modified two-step two-stage least squares method. Based on parameter estimates, elasticities, and likelihood functions, a previously estimated modified adaptive expectations model explains industry behavior better than the rational expectations model. Simulation analyses of the models suggest the direction of the impacts of an ineffective federal honey support program from 1982 through 1985 is similar but the magnitudes are varied. The rational expectations model indicates the decrease in beekeepers’ revenue in this period is larger than the decrease identified by the modified adaptive expectations model.
A retrospective descriptive analysis of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis cases in Dalian from 2016 to 2017
Authors: Song Yi , Lu Xiaoguang , Jiang Xue , Zhao Weitong , Fan Zhiwei , Kang Xin , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDalian, China, is a city free of rabies in recent 20 years, but the annual cost for rabies vaccination still brings an economic burden on society and individuals. We did a retrospective descriptive analysis to analyse the reason for this and try to find some ways to resolve it. A total of 10 028 post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) cases were recorded from January 2016 to December 2017. According to the exposure grades, 32 cases were grade I; 7712 cases were grade II; 2284 cases were grade III. All the patients in the cases were injured by pet dogs without abnormal clinical signs, and 80% of them were home pet dogs. Fifty-two per cent of the pet dogs were vaccinated. All the dogs survived during the PEP vaccination period. The data showed that a considerable proportion of people who did not have exposure risk for rabies had received vaccination. The underlying reasons included social, medical and personal factors. So here we proposed to replace the current ‘five-course’ intramuscular injection with intradermal injection method in the cities free of rabies in China, this can not only achieve effective vaccination but also save resources and eliminate the fear of rabies from victims. Meanwhile we should strengthen communication on rabies knowledge and make a routine evaluation of rabies surveillance system to improve understanding of the risk for rabies from biting animals.
Stationary and ambulatory attention patterns are differentially associated with early temperamental risk for socioemotional problems: Preliminary evidence from a multimodal eye-tracking investigation
Authors: Fu Xiaoxue , Nelson Eric E. , Borge Marcela , Buss Kristin A. , Pérez-Edgar Koraly 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBehavioral Inhibition (BI) is a temperament type that predicts social withdrawal in childhood and anxiety disorders later in life. However, not all BI children develop anxiety. Attention bias (AB) may enhance the vulnerability for anxiety in BI children, and interfere with their development of effective emotion regulation. In order to fully probe attention patterns, we used traditional measures of reaction time (RT), stationary eye-tracking, and recently emerging mobile eye-tracking measures of attention in a sample of 5- to 7-year-olds characterized as BI (N = 23) or non-BI (N = 58) using parent reports. There were no BI-related differences in RT or stationary eye-tracking indices of AB in a dot-probe task. However, findings in a subsample from whom eye-tracking data were collected during a live social interaction indicated that BI children (N = 12) directed fewer gaze shifts to the stranger than non-BI children (N = 25). Moreover, the frequency of gazes toward the stranger was positively associated with stationary AB only in BI, but not in non-BI, children. Hence, BI was characterized by a consistent pattern of attention across stationary and ambulatory measures. We demonstrate the utility of mobile eye-tracking as an effective tool to extend the assessment of attention and regulation to social interactive contexts.
Retrieving reusable software components by polymorphic type
Authors: Runciman Colin , Toyn Ian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolymorphic types are labels classifying both (a) defined components in a library and (b) contexts of free variables in partially written programs. It is proposed to help programmers make better use of software libraries by providing a system that, given (b), identifies candidates from (a) with matching types. Assuming at first that matching means unifying (i.e. having a common instance), efficient ways of implementing such a retrieval system are discussed and its likely effectiveness based on a quantitative study of currently available libraries is indicated. The applicative instance relation between types, which captures some intuitions about generalization/specialization is then introduced, and its use as the basis of a more flexible system is discussed.
High‐Resolution Mapping of Yield Curve Shape and Evolution for High‐Porosity Sandstone
Authors: Bedford John D. , Faulkner Daniel R. , Wheeler John , Leclère Henri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the onset and nature of inelastic deformation in porous rock is important for a range of geological and geotechnical problems. In particular for sandstones and siliciclastic sediments, which often act as hydrocarbon reservoirs, inelastic strain can significantly alter the permeability affecting productivity or storativity. The onset of inelastic strain is defined by a yield curve plotted in effective mean stress (P) versus differential stress (Q) space. Yield curves for porous sandstone typically have a broadly elliptical shape, with the low‐pressure side associated with localized brittle faulting (dilation) and the high‐pressure side with distributed ductile deformation (compaction). However, recent works have shown that, for different porous rocks, the curve shape can evolve significantly with the accumulation of inelastic strain. Here yield curve shape and evolution of two high‐porosity sandstones (36–38%) is mapped along different loading paths using a high‐resolution technique on single samples. The data reveal yield curves with a relatively shallow geometry and with a compactive side that is partly comprised of a near‐vertical limb. Yield curve evolution is found to be strongly dependent on the nature of inelastic strain with samples compacted under a deviatoric load (i.e., with a component of shear strain) having peak stress values that are approximately 3 times greater than similar porosity samples compacted under a hydrostatic load (i.e., purely volumetric strain). These results have important implications for predicting how the strength of porous rock evolves along different stress paths, which differ in reservoirs during burial, fluid extraction, or injection.
Modeled MABL Responses to the Winter Kuroshio SST Front in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea
Authors: Bai HaoKun , Hu HaiBo , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Ren XueJuan , Xu HaiMing , Liu GuoQiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBased on the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, we designed a long‐term sea surface temperature (SST)‐forcing simulation to simulate the influences of SST front on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea during wintertime. The results revealed that SST front have significant relationship with MABL adjustment. The atmospheric modulations and the comparisons of the vector wind and the scalar wind indicate that the MABL responses to the SST front are quite different under different wind directions. When the prevailing wind blows parallel to the SST front (NE wind directions), the sea level pressure adjustment mechanism dominates the atmospheric adjustment. The variances of scalar wind and vector wind are similar. However, when prevailing wind crossing SST front from cold to warm (NW wind directions), both the sea level pressure adjustment mechanism and vertical mixing mechanism play an important role. The maximum variations of the scalar wind are just over the core of SST front, whereas maximum vector wind variations are over warm flank. When wind blowing from warm to cold (SE wind directions), the vertical mixing mechanism contributes more to the MABL responses. The maximum variations of the scalar wind are beyond the top of MABL, which occur over the core SST front. The further diagnosis analysis showed that the meridional transient eddies and mean flow interaction contribute to the scalar wind variations under cross‐front conditions.
Testing Model Representations of Snowpack Liquid Water Percolation Across Multiple Climates
Authors: Pflug J. M. , Liston G. E. , Nijssen B. , Lundquist J. D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSnowpack liquid water percolation is a sensitive model process that is crucial for snowpack runoff forecasts yet varies in sensitivity between climates and snow seasons. Therefore, models of varied complexity developed for different climates and purposes use different percolation representations. We investigated how liquid fluxes in a multilayer snow model vary as represented by discrete representations of gravity drainage and snow density thresholds. We evaluated performance and sensitivity to nonphysical parameters using point measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) at a maritime site in Washington, USA, and measurements of both SWE and runoff in the French and Swiss Alps. At all three locations, the gravity drainage simulations reduced parameter sensitivity and increased model performance. Average Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency improved from 0.06 to 0.61 between density threshold and gravity drainage simulations with default parameters. The disparity in model performance was particularly evident at the maritime site (Washington, USA), where the gravity drainage peak SWE was biased by 6% (0.10 m) but density threshold peak SWE was biased by 85% (1.51 m). Simulated runoff and SWE also decreased in performance and increased in parameter sensitivity when including a widely used two‐layer percolation routine. This demonstrates the importance of testing and evaluating models across a wide range of climates, with close attention paid to warmer regions, where percolation has high parameter sensitivity. This is particularly important for global snow modeling and climate change scenarios where multiple regions and snow seasons must be adequately represented with a single model implementation.
Deep Water Cycling and Sea Level Change Since the Breakup of Pangea
Authors: Karlsen Krister S. , Conrad Clinton P. , Magni Valentina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFirst‐order variations in sea level exhibit amplitudes of ∼200 m over periods that coincide with those of supercontinental cycles (∼300–500 Myr). Proposed mechanisms for this sea level change include processes that change the container volume of the ocean basins and the relative elevation of continents. Here we investigate how unbalanced rates of water exchange between Earth's surface and mantle interior, resulting from fluctuations in tectonic rates, can cause sea level changes. Previous modeling studies of subduction water fluxes suggest that the amount of water that reaches sub‐arc depths is well correlated with the velocity and age of the subducting plate. We use these models to calibrate a parameterization of the deep subduction water flux, which we together with a parameterization of mid‐ocean ridge outgassing, then apply to reconstructions of Earth's tectonic history. This allows us to estimate the global water fluxes between the oceans and mantle for the past 230 Myr and compute the associated sea level change. Our model suggests that a sea level drop of up to 130 m is possible over this period and that it was partly caused by the ∼150Ma rift pulse that opened the Atlantic and forced rapid subduction of old oceanic lithosphere. This indicates that deep water cycling may be one of the more important sea level changing mechanisms on supercontinental time scales and provides a more complete picture of the dynamic interplay between tectonics and sea level change.
Detectability of Remanent Magnetism in the Crust of Venus
Authors: O'Rourke J. G. , Buz J. , Fu R. R. , Lillis R. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObservations of planetary magnetic fields provide fundamental insights into the origin and evolution of terrestrial planets. However, whether Venus ever hosted a dynamo is unknown. Here we show that crustal remanent magnetism is a potentially observable consequence of an ancient Venusian dynamo, in contrast to previous studies that dismissed this possibility. Past spacecraft measurements only exclude crustal magnetization near the Venera 4 landing site and northward of 50° South latitude for >150‐km coherence scales and strong magnetization intensities. Magnetite grains with sizes commonly observed in volcanic rocks can retain thermoremanent magnetism at Venusian conditions for >1 billion years. Depths to the Curie temperature of magnetite are ~5–40 km and typically less than predicted crustal thicknesses at our analyzed localities. Aerial platforms could detect expected magnetizations at horizontal scales similar to the ~50‐km operating altitude. Any detection would validate models of planetary accretion, geologic processes, and climate history.