bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
California Universal Health Care Bill: An Economic Stimulus and Life-saving Proposal
Authors: Galvani Alison P. , Durham David P. , Vermund Sten H. , Fitzpatrick Meagan C. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Lancet 2017;390:2012–2014)
On June 1, 2017, the Healthy California Act was approved by the California Senate to establish universal, single-payer coverage to California residents in an effort to improve access to and efficiency in health care. Universal health care would extend coverage to the 14.7 million Californians currently uninsured or underinsured; however, political hesitation remains regarding the feasibility of universal health care at both the state and federal levels.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes (CONCEPTT): A Multicenter International Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Feig Denice S. , Donovan Lois E. , Corcoy Rosa , Murphy Kellie E. , Amiel Stephanie A. , Hunt Katharine F. , Asztalos Elizabeth , Barrett Jon F. R. , Sanchez J. Johanna , de Leiva Alberto , Hod Moshe , Jovanovic Lois , Keely Erin , McManus Ruth , Hutton Eileen K. , Meek Claire L. , Stewart Zoe A. , Wysocki Tim , O'Brien Robert , Ruedy Katrina , Kollman Craig , Tomlinson George , Murphy Helen R. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Lancet 2017;390:2347–2359)
It is established that optimal maternal glycemic control throughout pregnancy is associated with a decrease in adverse fetal outcomes. A proper glycemic index can be difficult to control in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy because of the complexity of insulin dose adjustment, gestational changes in insulin sensitivity, and day-to-day changes to insulin absorption in late pregnancy. Nationwide UK data show the rates of severe hypoglycemia, particularly in early pregnancy, are 5 times higher among pregnant women than nonpregnant and that only 40% of women with type 1 diabetes achieve target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after 24 weeks of gestation. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides real-time quantitative information on the direction and rate of change of glucose levels.
Effects of Hearing Loss and Fast-Acting Compression on Amplitude Modulation Perception and Speech Intelligibility
Authors: Wiinberg Alan , Jepsen Morten Løve , Epp Bastian , Dau Torsten 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
The purpose was to investigate the effects of hearing-loss and fast-acting compression on speech intelligibility and two measures of temporal modulation sensitivity.

Design:
Twelve adults with normal hearing (NH) and 16 adults with mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss were tested. Amplitude modulation detection and modulation-depth discrimination (MDD) thresholds with sinusoidal carriers of 1 or 5 kHz and modulators in the range from 8 to 256 Hz were used as measures of temporal modulation sensitivity. Speech intelligibility was assessed by obtaining speech reception thresholds in stationary and fluctuating background noise. All thresholds were obtained with and without compression (using a fixed compression ratio of 2:1).

Results:
For modulation detection, the thresholds were similar or lower for the group with hearing loss than for the group with NH. In contrast, the MDD thresholds were higher for the group with hearing loss than for the group with NH. Fast-acting compression increased the modulation detection thresholds, while no effect of compression on the MDD thresholds was observed. The speech reception thresholds obtained in stationary noise were slightly increased in the compression condition relative to the linear processing condition, whereas no difference in the speech reception thresholds obtained in fluctuating noise was observed. For the group with NH, individual differences in the MDD thresholds could account for 72% of the variability in the speech reception thresholds obtained in stationary noise, whereas the correlation was insignificant for the hearing-loss group.

Conclusions:
Fast-acting compression can restore modulation detection thresholds for listeners with hearing loss to the values observed for listeners with NH. Despite this normalization of the modulation detection thresholds, compression does not seem to provide a benefit for speech intelligibility. Furthermore, fast-acting compression may not be able to restore MDD thresholds to the values observed for listeners with NH, suggesting that the two measures of amplitude modulation sensitivity represent different aspects of temporal processing. For listeners with NH, the ability to discriminate modulation depth was highly correlated with speech intelligibility in stationary noise.
Hatchet Flap With Transposed Nasal Inset for Midfacial Reconstruction
Authors: Custer Philip L. , Maamari Robi N. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to report the surgical technique and functional outcomes of the hatchet flap with transposed nasal inset for midfacial defect repairs.

Methods:
An Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective review was performed to identify patients treated using the hatchet flap with transposed nasal inset. Patient demographics, disease etiology, defect characteristics, and postoperative complications were collected from preoperative and follow-up visits.

Results:
The hatchet flap with transposed nasal inset was performed in 5 patients between March 2016 and April 2017. Two patients developed mild transient ischemia of the nasal inset flap tip without necrosis. A suture granuloma was removed in 1 patient. No additional surgical procedures were required after the nasal inset cheek flap.

Conclusions:
The hatchet flap with transposed nasal inset is an effective procedure to address defects involving the upper cheek, lower eyelid, and medial canthus. Incorporation of the nasal inset helps prevent distortion of the ala and facilitates closure of the flap donor site. This technique may be employed in certain patients as an acceptable alternative to more extensive Mustardé or paramedian forehead flaps.
Transfer of Fresh Versus Frozen Embryos in Ovulatory Women
Authors: Shi Yuhua , Sun Yun , Hao Cuifang , Zhang Heping , Wei Daimin , Zhang Yunshan , Zhu Yimin , Deng Xiaohui , Qi Xiujuan , Li Hong , Ma Xiang , Ren Haiqin , Wang Yaqin , Zhang Dan , Wang Bo , Liu Fenghua , Wu Qiongfang , Wang Ze , Bai Haiyan , Li Yuan , Zhou Yi , Sun Mei , Liu Hong , Li Jing , Zhang Lin , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Songying , Sun Xiaoxi , Legro Richard S. , Chen Zi-Jiang 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;378:126–136)
A previous randomized controlled trial involving women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared fresh-embryo transfer with elective freezing of all embryos followed by frozen-embryo transfer. The data showed that frozen-embryo transfer had a higher live-birth rate in these women compared with fresh-embryo transfer. Whether frozen-embryo transfer also increases live-birth rates among ovulatory women with infertility without PCOS is uncertain.
Pregnant Trauma Victims Experience Nearly 2-Fold Higher Mortality Compared to Their Nonpregnant Counterparts
Authors: Deshpande Neha A. , Kucirka Lauren M. , Smith Randi N. , Oxford Corrina M. 
Published: April 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217(5):590.e1–590.e9)
The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) exclude trauma-related death from national maternal mortality reports. This policy may explain why little is known about the impact of trauma on maternal mortality, despite trauma being the leading nonobstetric cause of death among reproductive-age women in the United States. The literature shows that pregnancy may increase the risk of violent trauma. In addition to maternal mortality, trauma among pregnant women can cause adverse fetal outcomes such as preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, abruption, and miscarriage. Altered maternal physiology and a lack of provider expertise with trauma in pregnant women complicate therapeutic management of these cases.
Improving Documentation of Inpatient Problem List in Electronic Health Record: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Rajbhandari Prabi , Auron Moises , Worley Sarah , Marks Michelle 
Published: April 2018

Background
The problem list is critical in electronic documentation. It is a powerful tool for clinical decision-making because it provides a concise view of all patient problems in one place and is also a criterion for the Medicare meaningful use incentive program.

Objective
To measure the rate of utilization of problem list in electronic health records (EHR) in a pediatric hospital medicine unit and implement sequential interventions to increase the rate of use of problem list to more than 80% by the end of 2015, as measured by at least one documented hospital problem at discharge.

Methods
We performed a quality improvement process starting with a series of educational interventions. Gradual electronic changes were also made in our EHR to reach our goal.

Results
The use of the problem list for pediatric hospital medicine rose from 47% to 100% in June 2015 and continues to maintain well above the goal of 80%. The problem list usage throughout the children’s hospital also rose to 100% within 9 months of project implementation.

Conclusions
Educational interventions and technology leveraging allowed us to achieve and sustain improvement in appropriate problem list usage.
Surgery, Complications, and Quality of Life
Authors: Archer Stephanie , Pinto Anna , Vuik Sabine , Bicknell Colin , Faiz Omar , Byrne Ben , Johnston Maximilian , Skapinakis Petros , Athanasiou Thanos , Vincent Charles , Darzi Ara 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
To determine whether psychosocial factors moderate the relationship between surgical complications and quality of life (QoL).

Background:
Patients who experience surgical complications have significantly worse postoperative QoL than patients with an uncomplicated recovery. Psychosocial factors, such as coping style and level of social support influence how people deal with stressful events, but it is unclear whether they affect QoL following a surgical complication. These findings can inform the development of appropriate interventions that support patients postoperatively.

Methods:
This is a longitudinal cohort study; data were collected pre-op, 1 month post-op, 4 months post-op, and 12 months post-op. A total of 785 patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal, vascular, or cardiothoracic surgery who were recruited from 28 National Health Service sites in England and Scotland took part in the study.

Results:
Patients who experience major surgical complications report significantly reduced levels of physical and mental QoL (P < 0.05) but they make a full recovery over time. Findings indicate that a range of psychosocial factors such as the use of humor as a coping style and the level of health care professional support may moderate the impact of surgical complications on QoL.

Conclusions:
Surgical complications alongside other sociodemographic and psychosocial factors contribute to changes in QoL; the results from this exploratory study suggest that interventions that increase the availability of healthcare professional support and promote more effective coping strategies before surgery may be useful, particularly in the earlier stages of recovery where QoL is most severely compromised. However, these relationships should be further explored in longitudinal studies that include other types of surgery and employ rigorous recruitment and follow-up procedures.
Six-month follow-up of the injured trauma survivor screen: Clinical implications and future directions
Authors: Hunt Joshua C. , Chesney Samantha A. , Brasel Karen , deRoon-Cassini Terri A. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
The injured trauma survivor screen (ITSS) has been shown to predict posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression risk at 1 month after traumatic injury. This study explored the ability of the ITSS to predict chronic distress after injury, as well as the impact of combining the ITSS with an additional screening measure.

METHODS
Patients were enrolled following admission to a Level I trauma center. Baseline measurements were collected during initial hospitalization, and follow-up measures were collected an average of 6.5 months after injury. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were run to determine predictive accuracy, controlling for participants who had mental health intervention and for those who experienced additional potentially psychologically traumatic events since their injury event.

RESULTS
Utilizing a cut score of 2, the ITSS PTSD scale had a sensitivity of 85.42%, specificity of 67.35%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.9% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 51.4%. The combined PTSD risk group (risk positive on the baseline ITSS and the PTSD checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) had a sensitivity of 72.92%, specificity of 81.63%, NPV of 88.2%, and PPV of 61.6%. Also using a cut score of 2, the ITSS Depression Scale had a sensitivity of 72.50%, specificity of 70.29%, NPV of 91.1%, and PPV of 37.9%.

CONCLUSION
The nine-item ITSS, which takes approximately 5 minutes to administer, is a stable screening tool for predicting those most at risk for PTSD and/or depression 6 months after admission to a Level I trauma center following traumatic injury. The combined PTSD risk group data provide evidence that symptom evaluation by a psychologist can improve specificity. These results further inform the recommendation of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma regarding PTSD and depression screening in trauma centers.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III.
The use of ABC score in activation of massive transfusion: The yin and the yang
Authors: Motameni Amirreza T. , Hodge Rebekah A. , McKinley William I. , Georgel Jiliene M. , Strollo Brian P. , Benns Matthew V. , Miller Keith R. , Harbrecht Brian G. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Hemorrhage is the most common cause of early death in trauma patients. Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have been designed to accelerate the release of blood products but can result in waste if activated inappropriately. The Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score has become a widely accepted score for MTP activation. In this study, we compared the use of ABC criteria to physician judgment in MTP activation.

METHODS
Adult trauma patients treated at University of Louisville Trauma Center from January 2016 to December 2016 were studied. Activation via ABC score was assessed retrospectively from emergency department (ED) data. Location, timing of activation, percent of patients using more than 5 units of packed red blood cells, amount of product waste, factors associated with early activation by physicians, and mortality were analyzed.

RESULTS
Three thousand four hundred twenty-one patients were included in this study. Only 33% of the patients who would have had MTP activation based on the ABC criteria used more than 5 units of blood products within 24 hours of admission compared with 65% of the patients in whom clinical judgment was used. Seventy-six percent of all MTP activations from clinical judgment would have been activated by the ABC criteria in the ED. Fifty-five percent of all MTP activations via clinical judgment were activated in the operating room and 41% in the ED. Eighty-one percent of activations that occurred in the operating room by physician judgment could have been activated earlier in the ED if the ABC criteria had been used. However, ABC score can lead to higher potential fresh frozen plasma waste (588 vs. 84 units) compared with physician judgment.

CONCLUSIONS
The ABC criteria overestimate need for massive transfusion and can lead to increased product waste compared with physician judgment, but its use leads to earlier MTP activation. Criteria to trigger MT activation should rely on both clinical acumen and validated prediction tools.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic, level III.
A dual-method approach to identifying intimate partner violence within a Level 1 trauma center
Authors: DiVietro Susan , Beebe Rebecca , Grasso Damion , Green Christa , Joseph D’Andrea , Lapidus Garry D. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem leading many health care organizations to recommend universal screening as part of standard health care practice. Prior work shows that most IPV victims and perpetrators are unidentified by health care staff. We sought to enhance the capacity of an urban trauma center to identify IPV using a dual-method screening tool, and to establish prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration among this population.

METHODS
Patients aged 18 and older were recruited from a Level 1 trauma center from May 2015 to July 2017. Participants were assessed for IPV using a touch-screen tablet and then via face-to-face assessment. The data were used to determine feasibility of this dual method and to establish prevalence of IPV in this sample.

RESULTS
Of 586 eligible patients, 250 were successfully recruited for the study (43% response rate). Using the subscales of physical abuse, severe psychological abuse, and sexual coercion from the tablet-based Conflict Tactics Scale 2, 40% of women and 34% of men met criteria for IPV exposure in the past year and 35.6% of men and 50.6% of women met criteria using the face-to-face screen. In total, 102 patients (40.8%) screened positive using the dual method.

CONCLUSION
This study reports on a dual method to improve screening and identification of IPV in a Level 1 trauma center. Ultimately, the dual screening method identified more victims than either method on its own. Our findings provide evidence to standardize universal screening in our trauma center. Moving forward, we will link screening results to medical record data to identify predictors of patients’ current experiences of psychological and physical IPV. Our ultimate goal is to use these predictors to build a model for identifying patients who are at high risk for IPV victimization or perpetration.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic study, level III.
Reappraising the human mitochondrial DNA recombination dogma
Authors: Perera Simόn , Ramos Amanda , Alvarez Luis , Jurado Débora , Guardiola Maria , Lima Manuela , Aluja Maria Pilar , Santos Cristina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith the “mitochondrial Eve” theory proposed by Rebecca Cann in the eighties, human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used as a tool in studying human variation and evolution. Although the existence of recombination in human mtDNA has been previously advocated, studies dealing with human variation and evolution have assumed that human mtDNA does not recombine and should be considered as pathological or very infrequent. Using both direct and indirect approaches, we provide consistent evidence of mtDNA recombination in humans. We applied the single molecule PCR procedure to directly test for recombination in multiheteroplasmic individuals without any overt pathology. Moreover, we searched for past recombination events in the whole mitochondrial genomes of more than 15,000 individuals. Results from our study update and expand both the seminal indirect findings and the scarce direct evidence observed to date, paving the way for the definitive rejection of the non-recombination dogma for human mtDNA. Acknowledgment of recombination as a frequent event in mtDNA will require the description of the population recombination rate(s) and to apply it to past and future studies involving mtDNA. MtDNA recombination affects our knowledge of human evolutionary history, regarding haplogroup divergence times, as well as the time to the mitochondrial most recent common ancestor. Finally, mtDNA recombination will have a substantial impact on our understanding of the etiology and transmission of mitochondrial diseases.
Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27): A Novel Regulator of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Trafficking
Authors: McDermott Mark I. , Thelin William R. , Chen Yun , Lyons Patrick T. , Reilly Gabrielle , Gentzsch Martina , Lei Cai , Hong Wanjin , Jackson Stutts M. , Playford Martin P. , Bankaitis Vytas A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe underlying defect in cystic fibrosis is mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel expressed at the apical surface of lung epithelia. In addition to its export and maintenance at the cell surface, CFTR regulation involves repeated cycles of transport through the endosomal trafficking system, including endocytosis and recycling. Many of the known disease mutations cause CFTR intracellular trafficking defects that result in failure of ion channel delivery to the apical plasma membrane. Corrective maneuvers directed at improving transport to the plasma membrane are thwarted by rapid internalization and degradation of the mutant CFTR proteins. The molecular mechanisms involved in these processes are not completely understood but may involve protein-protein interactions with the C-terminal type I PDZ-binding motif of CFTR. Using a proteomic approach, we identify sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) as a novel CFTR binding partner in human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells. SNX27 and CFTR interact directly, with the SNX27 PDZ domain being both necessary and sufficient for this interaction. SNX27 co-localizes with internalized CFTR at sub-apical endosomal sites in polarized Calu-3 cells, and either knockdown of the endogenous SNX27, or over-expression of a dominant-negative SNX27 mutant, resulted in significant decreases in cell surface CFTR levels. CFTR internalization was not affected by SNX27 knockdown, but defects were observed in the recycling arm of CFTR trafficking through the endosomal system. Furthermore, knockdown of SNX27 in Calu-3 cells resulted in significant decreases in CFTR protein levels, consistent with degradation of the internalized pool. These data identify SNX27 as a physiologically significant regulator of CFTR trafficking and homeostasis in epithelial cells.
Gain without pay causes lazybones’ loss
Authors: Wu Wen , Liu Jingli , Shang Xiaopu 
Published: April 2018

PurposeBuilding on social informational processing theory, the purpose of this paper is to develop and test a theoretical model of moderated mediation in which social loafing tendency serves as an intervening mechanism that explains associations among two dimensions of leader–member relationships (formal and informal relationships, namely, leader–member exchange and leader–member guanxi) and customer service performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors designed a field study to test the hypotheses presented in this paper. A survey of 304 supervisor–employee pairs and matched customers generally provide support for this model.FindingsThe authors found that social loafing tendency played a mediating role between leader–member relationships and customer service performance. Co-worker service-oriented OCB moderated the positive relationship between leader–member guanxi and loafing tendency.Research limitations/implicationsMore samples should be collected from both private and state-owned company. Both the informal and formal leader–member relationships should be unanimously included in examining how the leader–member relationships influence focal employee’s attitude and behavior, particularly in societies where the informal relationship plays noticeable role.Practical implicationsManagers should properly deal with formal and informal relationship with subordinates.Originality/valueThe influence of leader–member guanxi on employees and organization is controversial in extant literature. In some sense, this finding contributes to extant literature by further clarifying the influence of guanxi on the focal employee’s performance.