bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de medios de soporte en humedales artificiales con vegetación Sagittaria latifolia en la remoción de contaminantes básicos / Evaluation of media of support of artificial wetlands with vegetation Sagittaria latifolia in the removal of basics pollutants
Authors: García Ocaña Jesús Alfredo , López Ocaña Gaspar , Torres Balcázar Carlos Alberto 
Published: January 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la remoción de parámetros de control y contaminantes básicos de aguas residuales domésticas con humedales artificiales de flujo subsuperficial, para lo cual se emplearon dos medios diferentes de soporte: grava de canto redondo y grava de brecha sedimentaria, con vegetación Sagittaria latifolia (cola de golondrina) y con tiempos de retención de 4.8 días y 4.9 días, respectivamente. En concreto, se destinaron tres humedales con vegetación y grava de canto redondo (HACC), tres con vegetación y grava de brecha sedimentaria (HABC), así como tres humedales controles sin vegetación y grava de canto redondo (HACS) y tres sin vegetación y grava de brecha sedimentaria (HABS). Para los medios de soporte se determinaron variables como densidad aparente y real, así como porosidad y conductividad eléctrica (N = 28). Al inicio de la operación de los humedales artificiales, el medio de soporte canto redondo presentó los siguientes valores: densidad aparente de 1390.79 ± 54.36 kg m-3 (media ± DE), densidad real de 2626.01 ± 75.43 kg m-3, porosidad 51.87 ± 3.90 % y conductividad eléctrica (CE) 125.46 ± 11.81 dS m-1. El medio de soporte brecha sedimentaria mostró una densidad aparente de 1415.63 ±43.94 kg m-3 (media ± DE), densidad real de 2678.16 ± 36.67 kg m-3, porosidad 52.86 ± 1.56 % y CE de 94.13 ± 3.58 dS m-1. Al término de la operación, el medio de soporte de canto redondo demostró ser eficiente con tan solo una pérdida de 5 % de porosidad, mientras que la brecha obtuvo una pérdida de 23 % de esta. En cuanto a la calidad del agua, se analizaron 160 muestras compuestas para los cuatro tratamientos de humedales y 40 simples en el tanque de distribución alimentación (N = 40). Después del primer año de operación, se observa que el HACC es el más eficiente, pues la remoción alcanzada fue de 96.85 % para SST, 95.85 % para DBO5, 96.78 % para NT y 96.79 % para PT. El tratamiento HABC, por su parte, consiguió eficiencias de remoción de 95.52 % para SST, 95.02 % para DBO5, 95.45 % para NT y 95.36 % para PT. Por tal motivo, se considera que existe un alto potencial para que estos medios de soporte se puedan implementar en los HA en el sureste de México, con lo cual se reducirían los costos de construcción y mantenimiento, pues los utilizados actualmente no son nativos de la región, presentan erosión y atrición, y no permiten un adecuado crecimiento de la biopelícula y la vegetación, de ahí que tengan bajas eficiencias.
MODEL-DRIVEN DESIGN: SYSTEMATICALLY BUILDING INTEGRATED BLENDED LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Authors: Laster Stephen 
Published: January 2019

Developing and delivering curricula that are integrated and that use blended learning techniques requires a highly orchestrated design.While institutions have demonstrated the ability to design complex curricula on an ad-hoc basis, these projects are generally successful at a great human and capital cost.Model-driven design provides a sustainable approach that reduces some of the cost of complex curriculum development and improves the sustainability of curriculum innovation.Systems thinking is a perspective for going beyond events, to looking for patterns of behavior, and to seeking underlying systemic interrelationships which are responsible for the patterns of behavior and the events. Model-driven design provides the ability to share models and learning units beyond the borders of the institution.
IF HIGHER EDUCATION IS A RIGHT, AND DISTANCE EDUCATION IS THE ANSWER, THEN WHO WILL PAY?
Authors: Meyer Katrina A. 
Published: January 2019

If higher education is a right, and distance education is the avenue for making higher education universally available, then who shall pay? This article asks (1) can state governments in the United States afford to fund this initiative and (2) can public higher education institutions in the U.S. fund this effort through capitalizing on cost-efficiencies of online learning? To answer the first question, data on funding of higher education by states are reviewed and a negative conclusion reached. To answer the second question, research on methods for achieving cost-efficiencies through online learning is reviewed and a cautious positive conclusion is reached, assuming states and institutions are willing to invest in the people and processes, and the time, effort, and will that make achieving efficiencies possible.
Stress Concentration Factors (SCFs) in Circular Hollow Section CHS-to-H-shaped Section Welded T-Joints under Axial Compression
Authors: Hamdan Abderlahman Ismaeel 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of non-dimensional geometric parameters on stress concentration factors (SCFs) of circular hollow section CHS brace-to-H-shaped section T-connections under axial compression. This type of welded joints is used increasingly in steel construction. However, its fatigue design is not covered by codes, and its fatigue strength has not been given the deserved attention by researchers. This research, however, bridges the gab on SCFs in this type of welded connections when being loaded in axial compression. here, parametric study based on the numerical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of CHS brace diameter to H-shaped chord flange width ratio (β), H-shaped chord flange width to thickness ratio (2γ) and CHS brace thickness to H-shaped chord flange thickness ratio (τ) on SCFs in the brace and the chord of the connection. Based on practical considerations, the validity range of these parameters was 0.3 ≤ β ≤ 0.7, 16 ≤ 2γ ≤ 30 and 0.2 ≤ τ ≤ 0.1. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) study using commercial software ABAQUS was performed to study the hot spot stress distribution and hence SCFs in this type of welded joints. To begin with, the results of FEM were verified against available experimental data and good agreement was achieved. Afterwards, 48 joints were modeled in Abaqus to study the effect of geometrical parameter on SCFs in brace and chord. Based on the results of this extensive study, the effect of geometrical parameters was revealed. The paper, thus, shows that whilst β increases, SCFs in the brace and chord increases. Moreover, increasing the parameter 2γ results in an increase in SCFs in the two members. However, the change in τ has no significant effect on the SCFs in the brace or the chord. Values of SCFs are found to be between 2 and 7.
KEMAMPUAN LITERASI BIOLOGI BERDASARKAN GENDER PADA SISWA PEMINATAN MIPA DI SMA NEGERI KABUPAEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Zuhara Erni , Jufri A. Wahab , Soeprianto Harry 
Published: January 2019

PISA measurement results from 2000-2015 show the fact that students in Indonesia have a low ability in the science literacy. This study aims to determine the ability of biological literacy based on gender in MIPA Specialization students in SMA Negeri in West Lombok regency. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Samples of research were 360 students from 2357 students of class XI and XII MIPA interest in 6 Senior High Schools of West Lombok regency in learning year 2017/2018. The research instrument uses adaptation of PISA Science Literacy test in 2006 and 2009 which consists of two aspects, namely: Knowledge and Competency). The result of this research: Biology literacy ability of MIPA Student by gender in West Lombok regency, male students dominant at level 1, level 2 and level 3 while female student is dominant at level 4, level 5 and level 6.Keywords: Biological literacy, Gender, MIPA Specialization
Comparison of outcome of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning and, open reduction and internal fixation with k-wire in Gartland extension type III supracondylar fracture of distal humerus in pediatric population
Authors: KC Bhogendra Bahadur , Lamichhane Norman , Mishra Chandra Bahadur , Khatri Bharat Bahadur , Dhakal Sabita 
Published: January 2019

Background: Supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus is one of the commonest fracture in pediatric age group. Though there is consensus of treating type III fracture operatively, no study has compared the outcome between Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) with k-wire in our setup.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective comparison study was done on eighty seven cases of Type III supracondylar fracture of distal humerus underwent operative procedure. Fifty four (54) cases underwent CRPP and 33 cases were managed with ORIF with k-wire, and they were followed up till 6 months post-operatively.
Results : The mean time for radiological union in patient who underwent CRPP was 4.37±0.94 weeks and that for the patient who underwent ORIF was 4.45±0.13 weeks, the difference of which was statistically insignificant (p-value >0.05). 83.3% of CRPP group and 78.8% in ORIF group had excellent functional outcome and only 3% in ORIF group had poor functional outcome.
Conclusion: Though both the group don’t have significant advantage of functional outcome among each other CRPP with limited attempt should be preferred to ORIF with k-wire for the advantage of avoiding surgical scar and reducing surgery time and exposure to anaesthetic agents.
Dreams and ability to recall: Comparison between propofol and ketamine in patients undergoing surgery under IVA
Authors: Lama Maya , Sigdel Rohini , Gurung Sanish , Timilsina Sushil 
Published: January 2019

Background: Dreaming during anaesthesia is a common phenomenon. Dreams can occur with both inhalational agents as well as intravenous agents (IVA) like propofol and ketamine. But there are concerns like patient awareness, dreams and other untoward effects that may be associated with IVA. We have conducted this study to quantify the incidence of dreaming during IVA with propofol or ketamine.
Methods: Sixty-nine patients aged 18 to 60 years scheduled for short procedures lasting from 5 to 25 minutes under IVA were randomized into two groups – group propofol or group ketamine. All the patients received midazolam and fentanyl intravenously. Then, patients in group propofol received propofol and those in ketamine group received ketamine for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. After the end of surgery, when the patient were fully recovered from anaesthesia, patients were interviewed about occurrence of dreams and their ability to recall the dreams.
Results: There were 35 patients in group propofol and 34 patients in group ketamine. The incidence of dreaming during anaesthesia was greater in patients of ketamine group, 23 (67.65%), when compared to propofol group, 7 (20%) (p < 0.001). Among the dreamers, 6 patients in the ketamine group and only 1 patient in the propofol group were able to recall their dream.
Conclusion: Dreaming is quite common during IVA for short surgical procedure, more so following ketamine than propofol anaesthesia.
Profile of Risk Factors Associated with Stillbirth at Western Regional Hospital
Authors: Regmi Rabi Prasad , Parajuly Shyam Sundar , Singh Dela , Shrestha Nabin , Sharma Srijana 
Published: January 2019

Background: Stillbirth (SB) incidents are one of the most common adverse outcomes to occur during pregnancy. Studies indicate that approximately 3.3 million stillbirths are reported annually across the developing world. Institutional registration and under reporting of still birth to an authorized centre is a common problem.
Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the incidence of SB after 28 weeks gestation and to find out the associated risk factors at Western Regional Hospital of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at Western Regional Hospital. Stillbirth babies born after 28 weeks of gestation or birth weight ≥ 1 kilogram and their mothers were recruited for the study. Intrapartum stillbirths were included despite of their ages, races or socio-economic status. Descriptive analysis was done on the data.
Results: There were 3380 deliveries during the period of study. Among them, 50 cases were stillborn babies with a rate of 14 per thousand deliveries. The major risk factors associated were oligohydramnios, decreased fetal movement, growth restriction, meconium stained liquor and cord prolapse.
Conclusion: Oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < 5cm) was the most common risk factor for stillbirth. Early identification and appropriate perinatal management could help to promote perinatal health.
The Efficacy of Medical Expulsion Therapy in Distal Ureteric Calculi
Authors: Adhikari Dhurba Bahadur , Shrestha David , Poudel Suresh Raj 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin in the treatment of distal ureteric calculi.
Materials and Methods: Forty patients, who meet the in­clusion criteria, were selected for the prospective study. All these patients re­ceived tamsulosin 0.4 mg once before bed time for fourteen days to observe the effectiveness, side effects and stone expulsion rate.
Results: The average time of stone expulsion was 8.03±2.80 days. The successful medical expul­sion was seen in 82.50%. About 7.5% complained of dizziness and headache, 2.5% complained of fatigue and postural hypotension.
Conclusion: The use of tamsulosin was safe, effective and was associated with fewer side effects. Successful stone expulsion rate was observed in in selected cases.
Acceptance of Family Planning Methods by Clients Availing Safe Abortion Service
Authors: Adhikari Rajesh , Sharma Gir Dhari , Dhungana Padam Raj , Adhikari Kalpana Gautam , Maharjan Pushpa Laxmi 
Published: January 2019

Background: Safe abortion policy was started in 2002 to reduce the ma­ternal mortality and morbidity related to unsafe abortion. Promoting the use of contraceptive methods effectively reduces the abortion rate by pre­venting unintended pregnancy. In this study the acceptance and selection of contraceptive method following abortion was assessed.
Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted from 1st January 2016 till 31st December 2016 at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara Nepal where 191 women were enrolled for the study.
Results: Among 191 wom­en mostly were from the age group of 20-29 (46.1%) and were Hindu (73.3%). Most of them were pregnant for more than one time (86.9%) and do house work (57.6%). The main reason for abortion was due to complete family (67.5%) and the abortion was done by medical method (57.6%). Around 52.4% of women did not choose any form of family planning methods post abortion which is most alarming for the govern­ment of Nepal.
Conclusion: The abortion service is free in Nepal; most women did not use family planning after abortion which indicates repeat­ed abortion. The good counselling pre and post abortion may be helpful to increase the rate of acceptance of family planning after abortion.
Psychiatric Referral Pattern in a General Hospital
Authors: Vaidya Leepa , Sharma Rajan 
Published: January 2019

Background: The referral rates of psychiatric patients in Nepal are very low, considering the higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in patients who attend various departments of a general hospital. Studying the pattern of psychiatric referrals may facilitate the management of the mentally ill in a comprehensive and holistic manner.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted at Western Regional Hospital (WRH) over the period of one year. The patients referred from different departments were assessed by the consultant psychiatrists.
Result: A total of 816 patients were referred for psychiatric consultation out of which majority was from department of medicine and the most common reason for referral was anxiety disorder.
Conclusion: Multi-disciplinary interaction is beneficial to identify the psychiatric morbidity in the patients who attend general hospital.
Efficacy of topical terbinafine and clotrimazole in the treatment of dermatophytoses: a Clinical and Microbiological Comparision
Authors: Nepal Anand 
Published: January 2019

Background: Dermatophytoses have a high prevalence worldwide and also in Nepal. Large scale studies with different antifungal agents for long fol¬low up periods to assess the long term outcome of treatments together with culture sensitivity testing are required to confirm the elimination of the fungi.
Materials and Methods: Total of 97 patients were enrolled, 48 patients received treatment with terbinafine 1% cream for 2 weeks and 49 patients received clotrimazole 1% cream for 4 weeks. Clinical evaluation and microscopic examination of the potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount were done at presentation, at week 2 and at week 4. Clinical assessment scoring (CAS) and Mycological cure rate were compared between the study groups.
Results: Terbinafine cured more cases of dermatophytoses compared to clotrimazole. The clinical cure rate was not statistically different among cases of tinea pedis. Terbinafine was better among cases of tinea cruris and tinea corporis only at the end of week 4. Mycological cure rate was higher for terbinafine both at the end of week 2 and week 4.
Incidence of Superficial Port Site Infection in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in relation to Spilt Stone and Bile Spillage
Authors: Paudel Suresh Raj , Gurung Narendra Vikram , Adhikari Dhruva Bahadur , Acharya Arjun , Shrestha Santosh , Gurung Amar , Shrestha Devendra , Paudel Amrita Ghimire 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the choice of operation for symptomatic gallstones. Gallstone and bile spillage can occur during laparoscopic cholecystectomy during dissection by cautery or due to perforation of gall bladder by grasper. The complication of spilt stone and bile may range from simple superficial surgical site infection, adhesion, obstruction, abscess formation to none.
Methods: This study was conducted at Western Regional Hospital (WRH), Pokhara from July 2015 to December 2016. A total of one hundred and twenty patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. All patients’ age, sex, pre-operative ultrasound findings, intra operative spillage of stone and bile and post-operative superficial surgical site infection were noted. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel software and SPSS-21. Result obtained from the study was discussed with reference to current world literature.
Results: Out of one hundred and twenty patients, one hundred and nine were female and eleven were male with mean age of 42.68 years. Spillage of stones and bile occurred in twelve patients (10%). Spillage of stone and bile was common with multiple stones. Only four patients (one male and three females) developed superficial port site infection (3.3%). Two patients among spillage and two among non spillage developed superficial surgical site infection (p<0.05). Most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: The incidence of split stone or bile is 10 % and is common with multiple gallstones. The chance of superficial surgical site infection is more in male patients and with spillage of stone and bile.
Ossicular Involvement and Types of Pathology in Chronic Otitis Media Squamous Active Disease
Authors: Sharma Swasti 
Published: January 2019

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) squamous type is commonly as­sociated with cholesteatoma. In COM squamous type with active disease, there is retraction of pars flaccida or pars tensa with retention of squamous epithelial debris and is associated with inflammation and production of pus. It is potentially dangerous because it can cause resorption of bone, leading to ossicular erosion and destruction of bony plates of middle ear. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of chronic otitis media squamous type on the ossicular chain as well as to observe the types of pathology in this disease.
Methods and materials: Fifty cases of chronic otitis media squa­mous type who underwent surgical management were included. The status of ossicular chain was evaluated intraoperatively. The type of pathology in­volving middle ear was also studied. Cases admitted for revision surgery were excluded from the study.
Results: Of the total fifty cases, ossicular changes were observed in forty eight cases and in two cases all ossicles were intact. Long process of incus is the most frequently involved ossicle. The most common pathology was found to be mixed type (52%).
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that ossicular chain is commonly involved in chronic otitis media squamous type and mixed pathology consisting of cholesteatoma and granulation tissue is the most frequent pathology.
STUDI KERAGAMAN CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN DARI BERBAGAI RIZOSFER TANAMAN HORTIKULTURA DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Permadi Muhammad Agung , Lubis Rafiqah Amanda , Kinarang Isrong 
Published: January 2019

Entomopathogenic fungi often used as bioinsecticides to control pest insects. Entomopathogenic fungi infect through penetrating cuticles of insect or inedible. Entomopathogenic fungi can be found in the rhizosphere. The purpose of this study was to explore the types of entomopathogenic fungi in various rhizosphere of horticultural plants in Padangsidimpuan. This research was conducted at the Agrotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, South Tapanuli Muhammadiyah University. The results showed that the use of Tenebrio molitor as bait, can effectively obtain entomopathogenic fungi from the soil. The highest mortality of Tenebrio molitor where infected by entomopathogenic fungi was 64% on soybean plant and the lowest mortality due to infection of entomopathogenic fungi was 11% on mustard plants. There was only one genus of entomopathogenic fungi found in this study was Metarhizium sp. Keywords: soil, Metarhizium, Tenebrio molitor, infect, moist chamber
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL MATEMATIKA BERBASIS MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIK SISWA
Authors: Sormin Masdelima Azizah , Nurasahara Nursahara 
Published: January 2019

This research is a development research using a modification between the 4-D development model developed by Thiagarajan. The stages of this research are define, design, develop and disseminate . The development of problem-based mathematical modules at the disseminate (dissemination) was carried out in a limited manner in schools that are the subject of research. The subjects in this study were class X students of SMA Negeri 4Padangsidimpuan. From the results of the development test: (1) problem-based mathematics modules fulfiill validity criteria with valid predicates, (2) the problem-based mathematics modules was practical based on revised and interview results from the expert teams, and (3) this problem-based mathematics modules was effective to used based on observations the time ideal of percentage achievemen , the results of the mathematical problem solving ability test fulfill classical completeness, that was 80% of the test subjects, and (4) the improvement of students' mathematical problem solving skills by using the module from test I to trial II and fulfill the classical completeness. Keywords: Development, Problem Based Mathematics Module, Mathematical ProblemSolving Ability