bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of giant complicated intraductal papilloma of breast on MRI and literature review
Authors: Wang Siqi , Lou Jianjuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing use of image‐guided biopsy, more breast intraductal papillomas are found than ever. Most intraductal papillomas are small, ranging from several milimeters to 2 cm.CaseWe described a case of giant intraductal papilloma of breast in a 19‐year‐old girl with nipple bloody discharge and rapid growth. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic evaluation and pathologic correlation along with review of relevant literatures are documented. The lesion was characterized by presence of mixture of cystic and solid component with cystic component occupying a large space. The solid component showed morphologic, kinetic, and diffusion weighted imaging features suggestive of malignancy. Infarction with no enhancement was noted. Cystic compartments contained hemorrhage with fluid‐fluid level formation. The patient undertook lumpectomy.ConclusionFor a giant breast tumor with mixed solid and cystic component, intraductal papilloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Leveraging MPI RMA to optimize halo‐swapping communications in MONC on Cray machines
Authors: Brown Nick , Bareford Michael , Weiland Michèle 
Published: September 2018

SummaryRemote Memory Access (RMA), also known as single‐sided communications, provides a way for reading and writing directly into the memory of other processes without having to issue explicit message passing style communication calls. Previous studies have concluded that MPI RMA can provide increased communication performance over traditional MPI Point to Point (P2P), but these are based on synthetic benchmarks rather than real‐world codes. In this work, we replace the existing non‐blocking P2P communication calls in the Met Office NERC Cloud model, a mature code for modeling the atmosphere, with MPI RMA. We describe our approach in detail and discuss the options taken for correctness and performance. Experiments are performed on ARCHER, a Cray XC30, and Cirrus, an SGI ICE machine. We demonstrate on ARCHER that, by using RMA, we can obtain between a 5% and 10% reduction in communication time at each timestep on up to 32768 cores, which over the entirety of a run (with many timesteps) results in a significant improvement in performance compared to P2P on the Cray. However, RMA is not a silver bullet, and there are challenges when integrating RMA calls into existing codes: important optimizations are necessary to achieve good performance and library support is not universally mature, as is the case on Cirrus. In this paper, we discuss, in the context of a real‐world code, the lessons learned converting P2P to RMA, explore performance and scaling challenges, and contrast alternative RMA synchronization approaches in detail.
A Water‐Soluble NaCMC/NaPAA Binder for Exceptional Improvement of Sodium‐Ion Batteries with an SnO2‐Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Anode
Authors: Patra Jagabandhu , Rath Purna Chandra , Li Chi , Kao Hsien‐Ming , Wang Fu‐Ming , Li Ju , Chang Jeng‐Kuei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSnO2@CMK‐8 composite, a highly promising anode for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs), was incorporated with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA), and NaCMC/NaPAA mixed binders to optimize the electrode sodiation/desodiation properties. Synergistic effects between NaCMC and NaPAA led to the formation of an effective protective film on the electrode. This coating layer not only increased the charge–discharge Coulombic efficiency, suppressing the accumulation of solid–electrolyte interphases, but also kept the SnO2 nanoparticles in the CMK‐8 matrix, preventing the agglomeration and removal of oxide upon cycling. The adhesion strength and stability towards the electrolyte of the binders were evaluated. In addition, the charge–transfer resistance and apparent Na+ diffusion of the SnO2@CMK‐8 electrodes with various binders were examined and post‐mortem analyses were conducted. With NaCMC/NaPAA binder, exceptional electrode capacities of 850 and 425 mAh g−1 were obtained at charge–discharge rates of 20 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively. After 300 cycles, 90 % capacity retention was achieved. The thermal reactivity of the sodiated electrodes was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry. The binder effects on NIB safety, in terms of thermal runaway, are discussed.
Sulfophenylated Terphenylene Copolymer Membranes and Ionomers
Authors: Skalski Thomas J. G. , Adamski Michael , Britton Benjamin , Schibli Eric M. , Peckham Timothy J. , Weissbach Thomas , Moshisuki Takashi , Lyonnard Sandrine , Frisken Barbara J. , Holdcroft Steven 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe copolymerization of a prefunctionalized, tetrasulfonated oligophenylene monomer was investigated. The corresponding physical and electrochemical properties of the polymers were tuned by varying the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic units within the polymers. Membranes prepared from these polymers possessed ion exchange capacities ranging from 1.86 to 3.50 meq g−1 and exhibited proton conductivities of up to 338 mS cm−1 (80 °C, 95 % relative humidity). Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and small‐angle neutron scattering were used to elucidate the effect of the monomer ratios on the polymer morphology. The utility of these materials as low gas crossover, highly conductive membranes was demonstrated in fuel cell devices. Gas crossover currents through the membranes of as low as 4 % (0.16±0.03 mA cm−2) for a perfluorosulfonic acid reference membrane were demonstrated. As ionomers in the catalyst layer, the copolymers yielded highly active porous electrodes and overcame kinetic losses typically observed for hydrocarbon‐based catalyst layers. Fully hydrocarbon, nonfluorous, solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells are demonstrated with peak power densities of 770 mW cm−2 with oxygen and 456 mW cm−2 with air.
High‐Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Effective Interfacial Optimization Processed at Low Temperatures
Authors: Jiang Jun , Jia Xuguang , Wang Shubo , Chen Yiqi , Liu Wei , Ding Jianning , Yuan Ningyi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExploration of low‐temperature solution‐processing methodologies for fabricating planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is important for industrial mass production and helps simplify the manufacture and design of flexible perovskite solar cells. However, the interface between electron‐transport layers (ETLs) and perovskite layers is crucial for the development of highly efficient flexible PSCs. We report a drastically improved solar cell efficiency through surface optimization of TiO2 ETLs by using a simple and inexpensive ionic compound that shows high optical transparency and superior electron mobility. Solution‐derived TiO2 nanocrystalline films are employed at low temperatures as ETLs through solution processing. The modification of TiO2 with NH4Cl can increase the interactions between the surface and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites; Cl anions lead to a stronger interfacial coupling between TiO2 and perovskite. Ammonium cations tend to combine with perovskite. Due to this strong combined effect of the ionic compound, the efficiency of PSC from low‐temperature solution processing reaches 18.71 % on rigid glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) for an improvement of 12.6 % over a control device using bare TiO2. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can reach an efficiency of 17.69 % for the ITO/PEN substrates. This work contributes to the evolution of flexible PSCs with simple fabrication and high device performance.
Bias in meta‐analyses using Hedges’ d
Authors: Hamman Elizabeth A. , Pappalardo Paula , Bence James R. , Peacor Scott D. , Osenberg Craig W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe type of metric and weighting method used in meta‐analysis can create bias and alter coverage of confidence intervals when the estimated effect size and its weight are correlated. Here, we investigate bias associated with the common metric, Hedges’ d, under conditions common in ecological meta‐analyses. We simulated data from experiments, computed effect sizes and their variances, and performed meta‐analyses applying three weighting schemes (inverse variance, sample size, and unweighted) for varying levels of effect size, within‐study replication, number of studies in the meta‐analysis, and among‐study variance. Unweighted analyses, and those using weights based on sample size, were close to unbiased and yielded coverages close to the nominal level of 0.95. In contrast, the inverse‐variance weighting scheme led to bias and low coverage, especially for meta‐analyses based on studies with low replication. This bias arose because of a correlation between the estimated effect and its weight when using the inverse‐variance method. In many cases, the sample size weighting scheme was most efficient, and, when not, the differences in efficiency among the three methods were relatively minor. Thus, if using Hedges’ d, we recommend using weights based upon sample size that do not involve individual study estimates of the effect size.
Interlacing roles of bottom‐up, top‐down, endogenous, and anthropogenic factors in population oscillations
Authors: Moreau Gaétan , Ostaff Don P. , Bauce Éric , Eveleigh Eldon S. , Lucarotti Christopher J. , Morin Benoit , Quiring Dan T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe relative importance of bottom‐up, top‐down, and endogenous factors in population oscillations has been vigorously debated, yet few longer‐term studies of population dynamics have considered their potential nonadditive interactions. This study tests the hypothesis that oscillations can arise from the combined effects of bottom‐up, top‐down, and endogenous factors, with some of these factors being sensitive to anthropogenic modifications of habitats. Populations of Neodiprion abietis, a univoltine sawfly whose oscillations have strong first‐ and second‐order components, were monitored over six to eight generations in a natural and an adjacent managed (precommercially thinned) balsam fir (Abies balsamea) stand at each of three sites in Newfoundland, Canada. Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting N. abietis were evaluated to identify the factors contributing to first‐ and second‐order density dependence and uncover any differences in dynamics attributable to forest management. In both natural and managed stands, N. abietis populations remained at high densities for 2–4 yr before collapsing. At the beginning of outbreaks, immigration, high fecundity, female‐biased sex ratios, and high survival in later larval instars and during the cocoon stage allowed N. abietis populations to increase rapidly. After this increasing phase, top‐down (mortality by the baculovirus Neodiprion abietis nucleopolyhedrovirus [NeabNPV] and, under some circumstances, parasitism by Mesopolobus verditer) and bottom‐up (host‐plant) exogenous factors combined with endogenous factors associated with recruitment to initiate the localized collapse of N. abietis populations. Because first‐order density dependence was attributable to NeabNPV (and sometimes M. verditer) and second‐order density dependence was attributable to host‐plant effects and endogenous factors associated with recruitment, these factors are inferred to cause the periodic behavior of this species. Host‐plant effects, but not top‐down mortality factors, were more pronounced in natural than thinned stands, suggesting that recent increases in N. abietis outbreak severity and range are best explained by a management‐induced reduction of host‐plant effects. By considering nonadditive interactions between trophic forces, this study reveals the intricate relationships between the factors responsible for population oscillations that would otherwise remain hidden.
Context‐dependent mutualisms in the Joshua tree–yucca moth system shift along a climate gradient
Authors: Harrower Jennifer , Gilbert Gregory S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChanging climate patterns can affect the geographic distribution of species through effects on species interactions. Iconic Joshua trees are limited to a narrow range of climate conditions, and climate change is expected to shift suitable habitat to higher elevations and latitudes than their current geographic distribution. As such, the survival of the species requires colonization of new habitats. However, Joshua trees form an obligate mutualistic relationship with yucca moths that pollinate the flowers but whose offspring then consume a portion of the developing seeds. It is not known whether the yucca moths will move in synchrony with Joshua trees, or how changing environmental conditions may affect the net benefits and costs of the yucca moth–Joshua tree interaction. To evaluate the spectrum of conditional outcomes of the interaction, we examined a range of performance measures and abiotic factors across the elevation range that spans the distribution of Joshua trees in Joshua Tree National Park. We found a strong concordance between tree size, moth and tree abundance, and reproductive success, with peak performance of both partners at intermediate elevation. Within sites, larger trees produced more flowers, attracted more pollinators, and had greater seed set. We found that the conditional outcomes of the interaction varied predictably along the gradient: Seed set, as well as seed predation, was greatest at intermediate elevations where trees and pollinators were both at high abundance. At range margins, the proportion of infertile seeds increased, possibly because low pollinator abundance led to pollen limitation. The reproductive success of Joshua trees is tightly linked to pollinator abundance, and the conditional outcomes (magnitude of the fitness benefit) of the mutualism change depending on where it occurs on the elevation gradient.
Omalizumab dampens type 2 inflammation in a group of long‐term treated asthma patients and detaches IgE from FcεRI
Authors: Maggi Laura , Rossettini Beatrice , Montaini Gianni , Matucci Andrea , Vultaggio Alessandra , Mazzoni Alessio , Palterer Boaz , Parronchi Paola , Maggi Enrico , Liotta Francesco , Annunziato Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEven if omalizumab is broadly used in the treatment of severe, allergic asthma, the immunological effects in long‐term treated patients have not been fully elucidated. To this aim, a cohort of 15 allergic asthmatic patients treated with omalizumab for at least three years was compared with 12 allergic asthma patients treated with standard therapy. Omalizumab treated asthmatic patients showed lower frequencies of circulating plasmacytoid DCs, and lower CD154 expression on CD4 T‐helper cells than the control group. Moreover, basophils and DCs from omalizumab‐treated patients had lower surface expression of IgE compared to the control group. In a longitudinal evaluation of two patients that started omalizumab treatment, we show that FcεRI free of IgE were evident on basophils just after four weeks of drug administration. Finally, in vitro experiments with basophils obtained from healthy donors confirm that omalizumab is able to detach IgE from high affinity IgE receptors.Collectively these data indicate that long‐term omalizumab treatment dampens type 2 inflammation acting on different cell types that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Moreover, we have identified a further mechanism of action of omalizumab, such as the ability to detach IgE from its receptor.
A single seizure selectively impairs hippocampal‐dependent memory and is associated with alterations in PI3K/Akt/mTOR and FMRP signaling
Authors: Holley Andrew J. , Hodges Samantha L. , Nolan Suzanne O. , Binder Matthew , Okoh James T. , Ackerman Kaylin , Tomac Lindsey A. , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectiveA single brief seizure before learning leads to spatial and contextual memory impairment in rodents without chronic epilepsy. These results suggest that memory can be impacted by seizure activity in the absence of epilepsy pathology. In this study, we investigated the types of memory affected by a seizure and the time course of impairment. We also examined alterations to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) signaling, which modulate elements of the synapse and may underlie impairment.MethodsWe induced a single seizure and investigated hippocampal and nonhippocampal memory using trace fear conditioning, novel object recognition (NOR), and accelerating rotarod to determine the specificity of impairment in mice. We used western blot analysis to examine for changes to cellular signaling and synaptic proteins 1 h, 24 h, and 1 week after a seizure. We also included a histologic examination to determine if cell loss or gross lesions might alternatively explain memory deficits.ResultsBehavioral results indicated that a seizure before learning leads to impairment of trace fear memory that worsens over time. In contrast, nonhippocampal memory was unaffected by a seizure in the NOR and rotarod tasks. Western analysis indicated increased hippocampal phospho‐S6 and total FMRP 1 h following a seizure. Tissue taken 24 h after a seizure indicated increased hippocampal GluA1, suggesting increased α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor expression. Histologic analysis indicated that neither cell loss nor lesions are present after a single seizure.SignificanceThe presence of memory impairment in the absence of damage suggests that memory impairment caused by seizure activity differs from general memory impairment in epilepsy. Instead, memory impairment after a single seizure is associated with alterations to mTOR and FMRP signaling, which leads to a disruption of synaptic proteins involved in consolidation of long‐term memory. These results have implications for understanding memory impairment in epilepsy.
Adaptive MBSFN subframe allocation scheme for VBR video streaming over LTE‐A networks
Authors: Ghandri Abdennaceur , Boujelben Yassine , Ben Jemaa Maher 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMeeting the growing demand for multimedia services is still the main challenge for the current mobile network technologies. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project has proposed an emerging technology called multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS). This service is gaining traction as a method of efficiently using the scarce wireless resources for multicasting the same content to a large number of users belonging to the same area. In the multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) context, the conventional approach specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project standard adopts a semistatic resource allocation mechanism for MBMS services according to their quality‐of‐service parameters. More precisely, the resources assigned to all MBMS service flows remain unchanged along the transmission period and reallocation may take place only when a new multicast session is admitted for transmission or a current session ends. This approach is inefficient and not suitable, especially for services with variable bit rate such as live video streaming. In this paper, we propose a proactive resource allocation algorithm that can dynamically adjust the subframe allocation within an MBSFN area in order to keep pace with the variable bit rate traffics' fluctuations. The basic idea of the proposed solution is to periodically reallocate the MBSFN subframes, in case of persistent over or under allocations, based on a linear prediction model of the resources actually consumed and the traffic behavior. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can reduce the waste of MBSFN resources, which could be used for other multicast or unicast transmissions, without violating the quality‐of‐service and fairness constraints.
Competitive species interactions constrain abiotic adaptation in a bacterial soil community
Authors: Hall James P. J. , Harrison Ellie , Brockhurst Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies of abiotic adaptation often consider single species in isolation, yet natural communities contain many coexisting species which could limit or promote abiotic adaptation. Here we show, using soil bacterial communities, that evolving in the presence of a competitor constrained abiotic adaptation. Specifically, Pseudomonas fluorescens evolved alone was fitter than P. fluorescens evolved alongside Pseudomonas putida, when P. putida was absent. Genome analyses indicated this was due to mutation of the acetate scavenger actP, which occurred exclusively, and almost universally, in single-species-evolved clones. actP disruption was associated with increased growth in soil compared with wild-type actP, but this benefit was abolished when P. putida was present, suggesting a role for carbon scavenging transporters in species interactions, possibly through nutrient competition. Our results show that competitive species interactions can limit the evolutionary response to abiotic selection, because the fitness benefits of abiotic adaptive mutations were negated in more complex communities.
The accuracy of LD Score regression as an estimator of confounding and genetic correlations in genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Lee James J. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. , Chow Carson C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo infer that a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) either affects a phenotype or is linkage disequilibrium with a causal site, we must have some assurance that any SNP‐phenotype correlation is not the result of confounding with environmental variables that also affect the trait. In this study, we study the properties of linkage disequilibrium (LD) Score regression, a recently developed method for using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies to ensure that confounding does not inflate the number of false positives. We do not treat the effects of genetic variation as a random variable and thus are able to obtain results about the unbiasedness of this method. We demonstrate that LD Score regression can produce estimates of confounding at null SNPs that are unbiased or conservative under fairly general conditions. This robustness holds in the case of the parent genotype affecting the offspring phenotype through some environmental mechanism, despite the resulting correlation over SNPs between LD Scores and the degree of confounding. Additionally, we demonstrate that LD Score regression can produce reasonably robust estimates of the genetic correlation, even when its estimates of the genetic covariance and the two univariate heritabilities are substantially biased.