bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canopy interception of apple orchards should not be ignored when assessing evapotranspiration partitioning on the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Wang Di , Wang Li 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCanopy interception is one of the most important processes in an ecosystem, but it is still neglected when assessing evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning in apple orchards on the Loess Plateau in China. To explore the importance of canopy interception, we monitored two neighbouring apple orchards on the Loess Plateau in China, one 8‐year‐old and the other 18‐years old at the start of the study, from May to September for four consecutive years (2013–2016). We measured parameters of canopy interception (I) including precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, leaf area index, transpiration (T), and soil evaporation (S) to quantify ET. The importance of canopy interception was then assessed by comparing the relationship between water supply (precipitation) and water demand (ET), calculated with and without considering canopy interception (T + S and T + S + I, respectively). Tree age clearly influenced canopy interception, as estimates of annual canopy interception during the study years in the younger and older orchards amounted to 22.2–29.4 mm and 26.8–39.9 mm, respectively. Daily incident rainfall and rainfall intensity in both orchards were significantly positively correlated with daily canopy interception in each year. The relationship between annual precipitation and annual ET (calculated with and without consideration of canopy interception) in the younger orchard differed during 2015 and 2016. Ignoring canopy interception would result in underestimation of annual ET in both apple orchards and hence incorrect evaluation of the relationship between water supply and water demand, particularly for the younger orchard during 2015 and 2016. Thus, for a complete understanding of water consumption in apple orchards in this and similar regions, canopy interception should not be ignored when assessing ET partitioning.
Human BDNF rs6265 polymorphism as a mediator for the generalization of contextual anxiety
Authors: Andreatta Marta , Neueder Dorothea , Genheimer Hannah , Schiele Miriam A. , Schartner Christoph , Deckert Jürgen , Domschke Katharina , Reif Andreas , Wieser Matthias J. , Pauli Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Met allele of the human brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene might be a risk factor for anxiety disorders and is associated with reduced hippocampal volume. Notably, hippocampus plays a crucial role in contextual learning and generalization. The role of the BDNF gene variation in human context‐conditioning and generalization is still unknown. We investigated 33 carriers of the Met allele (18 females) and 32 homozygous carriers of the Val allele (15 females) with a virtual‐reality context‐conditioning paradigm. Electric stimulations (unconditioned stimulus, US) were unpredictably delivered in one virtual office (CTX+), but never in another virtual office (CTX‐). During generalization, participants revisited CTX+ and CTX‐ and a generalization office (G‐CTX), which was a mix of the other two. Rating data indicated successful conditioning (more negative valence, higher arousal, anxiety and contingency ratings for CTX+ than CTX‐), and generalization of conditioned anxiety by comparable ratings for G‐CTX and CTX+. The startle data indicated discriminative learning for Met allele carriers, but not for Val homozygotes. Moreover, a trend effect suggests that startle responses of only the Met carriers were slightly potentiated in G‐CTX versus CTX‐. In sum, the BDNF polymorphism did not affect contextual learning and its generalization on a verbal level. However, the physiological data suggest that Met carriers are characterized by fast discriminative contextual learning and a tendency to generalize anxiety responses to ambiguous contexts. We propose that such learning may be related to reduced hippocampal functionality and the basis for the risk of Met carriers to develop anxiety disorders.
Carotid Intima–Media Roughness and Elasticity in Hypertensive Patients With Normal Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness
Authors: Wu Yu , Xie Mingxing , Zhang Li , Lu Xuan , Cheng Xinyao , Lv Qing 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate carotid intima‐media roughness (IMR) in hypertensive patients with normal carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) using automatic identification software and the correlation between carotid IMR and risk factors.MethodsThis case‐control study comprised 61 hypertensive patients with normal carotid IMT and 51 control participants. Carotid IMR, carotid IMT, pulsed wave velocity (PWV), stiffness (β), and arterial compliance were determined by carotid ultrasound and image postprocessing using an automatic identification program and echo‐tracking analysis software.ResultsCarotid IMR, mean carotid IMT, maximum carotid IMT, β, and PWV in the hypertension group were higher than those in the control group (58.24 versus 34.61 μm, 641.17 versus 576.48 μm, 746.82 versus 640.55 μm, 9.42 versus 7.35, and 7.10 versus 5.86 m/s, respectively; P < .05), and arterial compliance was lower than that in the control group (0.70 versus 0.95 mm2/kPa; P < .05). Intima‐media roughness was correlated with maximum IMT, mean IMT, PWV, β, age, diagnosis of hypertension for greater than 1 year, and pulse pressure. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, diagnosis of hypertension for greater than 1 year, and pulse pressure were influential factors for IMR in hypertensive patients, with odds ratios of 6.719 (95% confidence interval, 1.658–27.221; P = .008), 4.726 (95% confidence interval, 1.174–19.022; P = .029), and 3.998 (95% confidence interval, 1.033–15.466; P = .045), respectively.ConclusionsCarotid IMR and the elasticity index have important clinical importance in evaluating the risk of early atherosclerosis in hypertensive populations.
The psychological and genetic factors of the addictive behaviors (PGA) study
Authors: Kotyuk Eszter , Farkas Judit , Magi Anna , Eisinger Andrea , Király Orsolya , Vereczkei Andrea , Barta Csaba , Griffiths Mark D. , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Székely Anna , Sasvári‐Székely Mária , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesMost of the addiction studies focus on very specific aspects of addictions, often with contradictory results, and integrated studies are quite rare. Experimental studies comparing underlying mechanisms of addictions and analyzing data from an integrative psychological and genetic perspective are almost nonexistent. The aim of the present paper is to describe the research protocol of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictive Behaviors (PGA) study, which applies an integrative approach to understanding the acquisition, development, and maintenance of addictive behaviors.MethodsA wide‐spectrum national study was carried out. Data were collected from 3,003 adolescents. Addictions to both psychoactive substances and behaviors were thoroughly assessed via psychometrically robust scales, which also included assessment related to a wide range of related psychological dimensions. Additionally, a DNA sample was also collected from participants.ResultsThe paper presents the detailed methodology of the PGA study. Data collection procedures, instrumentation, and the analytical approach used to attain the research objectives are described.ConclusionsFuture plans, along with potential contributions of the PGA study, are also discussed. It is envisaged that the study will provide a unique opportunity to test possible mechanisms and causal pathways mediating the associations of genetic factors, psychological characteristics, and addictions.
A data mining and item response mixture modeling method to retrospectively measure Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Cotton Joanne , Baker Sara T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo facilitate future outcome studies, we aimed to develop a robust and replicable method for estimating a categorical and dimensional measure of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5 (DSM‐5) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70).MethodFollowing a data mining framework, we mapped DSM‐5 ADHD symptoms to age 10 BCS70 data (N = 11,426) and derived a 16‐item scale (α = 0.85). Mapping was validated by an expert panel. A categorical subgroup was derived (n = 594, 5.2%), and a zero‐inflated item response theory (IRT) mixture model fitted to estimate a dimensional measure.ResultsSubgroup composition was comparable with other ADHD samples. Relative risk ratios (ADHD/not ADHD) included boys = 1.38, unemployed fathers = 2.07, below average reading = 2.58, and depressed parent = 3.73. Our estimated measures correlated with two derived reference scales: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire hyperactivity (r = 0.74) and a Rutter/Conners‐based scale (r = 0.81), supporting construct validity. IRT model items (symptoms) had moderate to high discrimination (0.90–2.81) and provided maximum information at average to moderate theta levels of ADHD (0.5–1.75).ConclusionWe extended previous work to identify ADHD in BCS70, derived scales from existing data, modeled ADHD items with IRT, and adjusted for a zero‐inflated distribution. Psychometric properties were promising, and this work will enable future studies of causal mechanisms in ADHD.
UPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis of a carbonic anhydrase‐inhibiting extract and fractions of Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb (ridge gourd)
Authors: Chanda Joydeb , Mukherjee Pulok K. , Biswas Rajarshi , Biswas Sayan , Tiwari Amrendra Kumar , Pargaonkar Ashish 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionLuffa acutangula (L.) Roxb, commonly known as ridge gourd (cucurbitaceae), is a common vegetable cultivated in India. It is also a well‐used medicinal plant in Indian traditional medicine.ObjectivesTo analyse the phenolics content of the most potent carbonic anhydrase‐inhibiting fraction from an extract of L. acutangula.Materials and MethodsAn aqueous ethanol extract of dried fruits of L. acutangula was successively fractionated into petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The extract and subsequent fractions were assessed for carbonic anhydrase‐inhibitory activity and the enzyme inhibition kinetics were determined for the most active fraction. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract and subsequent fractions were determined spectrophotometrically. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) analysis was used to tentatively identify the major phenolics in the most active fraction.ResultsThe concentration of total phenolics and total flavonoids in the extract and each fraction thereof correlated with the level of carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous ethanol extract of L. acutangula had the highest carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity. The enzyme kinetics analysis indicated a mixed mode of inhibition. UPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction indicated a number of phenolic acids, hydroxycoumarins, flavones, flavanones, and flavonoids.ConclusionThe correlation of total phenolic content with carbonic anhydrase inhibition suggested further research that might confirm that phenolic compounds of L. acutangula offer potential therapeutic benefits against carbonic anhydrase‐related disorders.
Cohort Study of Albumin versus Lactated Ringer's for Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Fluid Resuscitation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fink Ryan J. , Young Andrew , Yanez N. David , Hom Marissa , Mai Jennifer , Treggiari Miriam , Merkel Matthias 
Published: November 2018

PurposeA new postcardiac surgery fluid resuscitation strategy was implemented in our cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) to implement evidence‐based practice. We transitioned from a primarily albumin fluid–based strategy to a lactated Ringer's fluid–based strategy. We sought to determine whether a new postoperative fluid resuscitation strategy significantly altered the fluid composition for postcardiac surgery patients and what effect that would have on fluid resuscitation costs. Secondary outcomes included various clinical parameters.MethodsThis was a retrospective, before‐and‐after cohort study of postcardiac surgery patients in an academic quaternary care intensive care unit (ICU) during two different 3‐month time intervals. A total of 192 patients were studied: 108 pre‐intervention and 84 post intervention. The intervention consisted of surveying stakeholders regarding potential concerns of reducing albumin use, an educational intervention addressing those concerns, and removing albumin from the routine postcardiac surgery ICU admission order set.ResultsIn the post intervention time period, albumin use decreased significantly compared to pre‐invention (p<0.01), and lactated Ringer's volume increased significantly (p<0.01). However, total volume administered for resuscitation was not significantly different pre‐ and post intervention (1129 ml vs. 1369 ml, p=0.136). There were a net‐cost savings between the pre‐intervention and post intervention period (3 mo) of $30,549.20, with the albumin reduction accounting for most of those savings. Secondary outcomes were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionsAn albumin fluid reduction strategy was successful in reducing the amount of albumin fluid used for postcardiac surgery patients and resulted in substantial cost savings.
Onset timing of statin‐induced musculoskeletal adverse events and concomitant drug‐associated shift in onset timing of MAEs
Authors: Akimoto Hayato , Negishi Akio , Oshima Shinji , Okita Mitsuyoshi , Numajiri Sachihiko , Inoue Naoko , Ohshima Shigeru , Kobayashi Daisuke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the onset timing of musculoskeletal adverse events (MAEs) that develop during statin monotherapy and to determine whether concomitant drugs used concurrently with statin therapy shifts the onset timing of MAEs. Cases in which statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, and pravastatin) were prescribed were extracted from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Data Files. The onset timing of MAEs during statin monotherapy was evaluated by determining the difference between statin start date and MAE onset date. The use of concomitant drugs with statin therapy was included in the analysis. Statins used in combination with concomitant drugs were compared with statin monotherapy to determine if the use of concomitant drugs shifted the onset timing of MAEs. The onset of MAEs was significantly faster with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin than with simvastatin. A difference in onset timing was not detected with other statins because the number of cases was too small for analysis. When evaluating concomitant drug use, the concomitant drugs that shifted the onset timing of MAEs could not be detected. Statins with strong low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol‐lowering effects (atorvastatin and rosuvastatin) contributed not only to a high risk of MAE onset, but also to a shorter time‐to‐onset. No concomitant drug significantly shifted the onset timing of MAEs when used concurrently with statins.
Exponential dissipativity analysis of discrete‐time switched memristive neural networks with actuator saturation via quasi‐time‐dependent control
Authors: Wang Jinling , Jiang Haijun , Ma Tianlong , Hu Cheng , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe dissipativity of discrete‐time switched memristive neural networks with actuator saturation is considered in this paper. By constructing a quasi‐time‐dependent Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee the exponential stability and exponential dissipativity for the closed‐loop system with mode‐dependent average dwell time switching. Furthermore, the exponential H∞ performance of discrete‐time switched memristive neural networks is also analyzed, while the quasi‐time‐dependent controller and observer gains of the desired exponential dissipative and H∞ performance can be calculated from linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of theoretical results is illustrated through the numerical examples.
Using reverse engineering techniques to infer a system use case model
Authors: Miranda Enrique A. , Berón Mario , Montejano Germán , Riesco Daniel 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this article, a strategy that seeks to assist the arduous cognitive process that involves understanding a GUI‐based system is presented. In order to reach this goal, a UML use case model with the most relevant features is obtained. To derive this model, the strategy performs the following steps: Extraction and filtering of specific system static information and implementation of a clustering process that inspects this information including GUI widgets, which are components closely related to the system problem domain. Although these steps are commonly known and used in the context of reverse engineering, the strategy introduces unusual approaches regarding the proposals found in the available literature. More specifically, the strategy presents (a) a set of metrics that infers the relative importance of a method or a function within the analysed system, (b) a summarization process driven by different features of software systems, and (c) a technique to cluster software artefacts and to map the cluster model onto a use case model. The article also propose a methodology that allows to compare the achieved results. The assessment of the approach suggests that the strategy can assist the software engineer to understand a software system providing a useful fine‐grained use case model.
Degradation of tetracycline by solar photo‐Fenton: Optimization and application in pilot photoreactor
Authors: Cahino Arthur Marinho , de Andrade Mariana Maciel Almeida , de Araújo Elizabeth Sousa , Silva Erika Lima , Cunha Cláudia de Oliveira , Rocha Elisângela Maria Rodrigues 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the photodegradation of the antibiotic tetracycline by the solar photo‐Fenton process. The optimal conditions were obtained in a 2² (2 × 2) factorial design with the following input variables: reaction time and catalyst concentration (ferrous ion [Fe2+]). After statistical analysis using the Statistica 7.0 software, the optimal conditions determined, time = 120 min and Fe2+ = 166.81 mg/L, were applied in a pilot scale photoreactor, resulting in an 88.7% removal of the drug. In addition, in this stage we studied the reaction kinetics, biodegradability, and phytotoxicity of the products generated by the process. In the kinetic study, a constant of 1.82 × 10−2 min−1 was obtained. For this constant, a reaction time of 38.16 min is required for the initial tetracycline concentration to be reduced by 50%. The biodegradability tests indicated a gradual increase in the five‐day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand ratio over time. The phytotoxicity tests showed an 18.5% decrease in the inhibition rate of the root growth of lettuce seedlings, indicating that the treatment applied reduces the toxicity of the substance.
Analysis and optimal individual pitch control decoupling by inclusion of an azimuth offset in the multiblade coordinate transformation
Authors: Mulders Sebastiaan Paul , Pamososuryo Atindriyo Kusumo , Disario Gianmarco Emilio , Wingerden Jan‐Willem van 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the trend of increasing wind turbine rotor diameters, the mitigation of blade fatigue loadings is of special interest to extend the turbine lifetime. Fatigue load reductions can be partly accomplished using individual pitch control (IPC) facilitated by the so‐called multiblade coordinate (MBC) transformation. This operation transforms and decouples the blade load signals in a yaw‐axis and tilt‐axis. However, in practical scenarios, the resulting transformed system still shows coupling between the axes, posing a need for more advanced multiple input multiple output (MIMO) control architectures. This paper presents a novel analysis and design framework for decoupling of the nonrotating axes by the inclusion of an azimuth offset in the reverse MBC transformation, enabling the application of simple single‐input single‐output (SISO) controllers. A thorough analysis is given by including the azimuth offset in a frequency‐domain representation. The result is evaluated on simplified blade models, as well as linearizations obtained from the NREL 5–MW reference wind turbine. A sensitivity and decoupling assessment justify the application of decentralized SISO control loops for IPC. Furthermore, closed‐loop high‐fidelity simulations show beneficial effects on pitch actuation and blade fatigue load reductions.
Instructions
Authors: Freeman David J. , Kimbrough Erik O. , Petersen Garrett M. , Tong Hanh T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA survey of instruction delivery and reinforcement methods in recent laboratory experiments reveals a wide and inconsistently reported variety of practices and limited research evaluating their effectiveness. Thus, we experimentally compare how methods of delivering and reinforcing experiment instructions impact subjects’ comprehension and retention of payoff-relevant information. We report a one-shot individual decision task in which non-money-maximizing behavior can be unambiguously identified and find that such behavior is prevalent in our baseline treatment which uses plain, but relatively standard experimental instructions. We find combinations of reinforcement methods that can eliminate half of non-money-maximizing behavior, and we find that we can induce a similar reduction via enhancements to the content of instructions. Residual non-money-maximizing behavior suggests that this may be an important source of noise in experimental studies.
Private school investments and inequalities: negotiating the future in transnational Dakar
Authors: Grysole Amélie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs in many parts of the world, the school system in Senegal has suffered from state budget cuts associated with structural adjustment and neoliberal reform in the 1980s. As a result, the quality of elementary public schools has been compromised; meanwhile a significant private sector developed. This article analyses the proliferation of private schools in Dakar and the ways in which Senegalese parents navigate the multiplicity of school types (French, Franco-Arabic or Franco-English, Catholic or secular), to understand how families struggle to ensure their social and material reproduction in a neoliberal economy. I suggest that educational investments are situated at the intersection of global and intra-family inequalities. International migration has made global inequalities apparent within and between Senegalese families, who are unequally positioned depending on whether they include members living abroad.