bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of laser parameters in surface texturing of polyphenylene sulfide composites
Authors: Canel Timur , Kayahan Ersin , Candan Levent , Fidan Sinan , Sınmazçelik Tamer 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCreating dimples at the ideal geometries to enhance the tribological properties of the polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite surface is the principal purpose of this study. In this manner, the effects of focus position (FP), pulse number (PN), and energy used for the making dimple geometry were investigated. In the ablation process, Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength was used. Optimum laser process parameters were intended to obtain the largest ratio of dimple depth to width, circular dimples with a minimum ratio of molten zone diameter to spot size. The most effective parameters for obtaining dimple of desired properties are pulse energy (PE) with 60.64%, pulse duration (PD) with 55.61%, and FP with 55.94% for aspect ratio, circularity, and ratio of the diameter of the dimple to the spot size, respectively. In order to achieve a high aspect ratio or good circularity or minimum molten zone‐to‐spot size ratio, Taguchi optimization predicted the laser parameters. In the confirmation experiment with the proposed parameters, the highest aspect ratio was obtained as 2.05, the best circularity was obtained as 1.05, and minimum molten zone‐to‐spot size ratio was obtained as 1.073. Using the Taguchi method, accurate results were found with less experimentation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47976.
Pyramidal parent training using behavioral skills training: Training caregivers in the use of a differential reinforcement procedure
Authors: Conklin Sarah M. , Wallace Michele D. 
Published: May 2019

Six caregivers participated in a research study in which behavioral skills training (BST) was used within a pyramidal training model to train a differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior (DRA) procedure. Physical prompting was utilized to obtain correct responses across the identified alternative behavior. The caregivers were split into two tiers, comprised of three caregivers each. The experimenter trained tier‐one caregivers, who then trained tier‐two caregivers after meeting a predetermined mastery criterion. A multiple baseline design across participants research design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of correct implementation of the DRA procedure, demonstrating experimental control across participants. During baseline, caregivers did not implement DRA correctly. Following training, tier‐one and tier‐two caregivers demonstrated correct implementation of the DRA and prompting procedure. Intervention score was (M = 96%), from a baseline score of (M = 34.6%), for tier‐one participants. Intervention score was (M = 96.6%), from a baseline score of (M = 33%), for tier‐two participants. A follow‐up maintenance probe demonstrated correct implementation of the DRA procedure with prompting across both tiers of trained caregivers.
Two‐channel near‐infrared fluorescence Ag+ ion sensing of a new star‐shaped dendrimer
Authors: Cheng Huan‐ren , Yang Ling , Zhang Song , Rao Di , Lu Xiao‐ju 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new near‐infrared fluorescence sensor PDI‐PD for Ag+ ions was successfully prepared and its structure characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrometry; matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HRMS MALDI‐TOF). The probe exhibited rapid, sensitive, and selective two‐channel fluorescence responses towards Ag+ ions and protons. The probe has a marked high binding affinity and high sensitivity for Ag+, with a detection limit of 1.4 × 10−6 M. An approximately five‐fold enhanced core emission at 784 nm was attributed to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The enhanced core emission of the probe with Ag+ ions based on photo‐induced electron transfer and FRET is discussed. In addition, the probe presented a visible colour change. All experimental results demonstrated that PDI‐PD is an efficient tool for the selective, sensitive and rapid detection of Ag+ ions and protons using two‐channel fluorescence responses.
Metabolic profile of rosmarinic acid from Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry with a three‐step data mining strategy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wen Quan , Qian Kai , Feng Yulin , Luo Yun , Tan Ting 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid derivative and one of the most abundant and bioactive constituents in Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), which has significant biological activities. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to describe this compound's metabolites in vivo. Therefore, an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF–MS/MS) analysis with a three‐step data mining strategy was established for the metabolic profile of RA. Firstly, the exogenously sourced ions were filtered out by the MarkerView software and incorporated with Microsoft Office Excel software. Secondly, a novel modified mass detects filter strategy based on the predicted metabolites was developed for screening the target ions with narrow, well‐defined mass detection ranges. Thirdly, the diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filtering strategy were applied for the rapid identification of the metabolites. Finally, a total of 16 metabolites were reasonably identified in urine, bile and feces, while metabolites were barely found in plasma. The metabolites of RA could also be distributed rapidly in liver and kidney. Glucuronidation, methylation and sulfation were the primary metabolic pathways of RA. The present findings might provide the theoretical basis for evaluating the biological activities of RA and its future application.
A homozygous mutation of alanyl‐transfer RNA synthetase 2 in a patient of adult‐onset leukodystrophy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Jian‐Yong , Chen Song‐Fang , Zhang Hong‐Qiu , Wang Meng‐Yan , Zhu Jian‐Hong , Zhang Xiong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionLeukodystrophy is a group of hereditary leukoencephalopathies predominantly affecting the white matter. Multiple genes and mutations have been reported to be associated with this disorder. Identification of pathogenic genes can facilitate diagnosis of leukodystrophy and development of therapeutic strategies.MethodsA case was presented with clinical examinations. Exome sequencing was applied to identify potential mutations. Sanger sequencing of blood DNA was applied to confirm the mutation and to examine additional members.ResultsWe reported a Chinese male patient of adult‐onset leukodystrophy. Genetic examinations identified a homozygous mutation, c. 452T>C (p. M151T), in alanyl‐tRNA synthetase 2 (AARS2) in the patient. The disease was autosomal recessive as suggested by the genotypic analyses of his family members. We also reviewed phenotypic spectra of AARS2 mutation‐associated leukodystrophies from a total of 16 reported cases.ConclusionsOur data provide further evidence that mutations of AARS2 are implicated in adult‐onset leukodystrophy.
Sustainable Bio‐ or CO2 economy: Chances, Risks, and Systems Perspective
Authors: Pfennig Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo obtain a consistent view of sustainable future development, scenarios based on global balances have been derived. The world population may grow significantly faster than generally expected by many studies with up to 11.6 billion people in 2050. The climate goal of 1.5 °C can realistically not be reached any more and it is shown why it has been so difficult to realize that strong action would have been required years ago. Without change in behavior, a strong competition for land area will develop, mainly driven by human fertility and a large fraction of animal‐based food. While CO2‐based economy does not compete with food production for agricultural land area, its economic feasibility still needs to be demonstrated. In a bio‐based economy, third‐generation biomass alone will not be able to supply enough feedstock to fulfill all demands. Thus, competition with food production for land area will be unavoidable. Besides economic and ecological aspects, also ethics need to be considered. A holistic view is essential for deriving effective policies and ethical guidelines, but it also needs to influence personal decisions.
Technologies for the Storage of Hydrogen Part 1: Hydrogen Storage in the Narrower Sense
Authors: Müller Karsten 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStorage of hydrogen in an efficient and dense manner is still a challenge. In addition to the conventional technologies of compression and liquefaction, there are different approaches trying to enhance the storage density by bonding hydrogen to another substance. Physisorption and chemisorption to organic as well as inorganic carriers are options. Although many of these technologies have not yet gone beyond the technological readiness of lab scale tests, there are a few that have already reached advanced technological levels. The first part of this two‐part review discusses storage technics with recovery of elemental hydrogen.
The primary motivation of sexual homicide offenders in China: Was it for sex, power and control, anger, or money?
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Li Feng , Liu Sihai , Lu Xuesong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundInformation on sexual homicides in China is scarce, particularly with respect to the offenders' primary motivation for the offence.AimsOur aim was to examine how offence characteristics of sexual murderers relate to different primary motivations.MethodsThe offender, victim, and offence characteristics of 67 sexual homicides, derived from police data of three regions and published case reports (1994–2017), were explored and compared according to offenders' primary motivation.ResultsHeterosexual sexual homicides were committed by offenders who were mainly driven by power and control, sex, and anger, compared with slightly over half of those who motivated primarily by financial gain. Sexual murderers whose killing was mainly driven by sex, money, and anger were more likely to target strangers, whereas offenders who motivated primarily by power and control were more likely to target an intimate partner. Victim abduction was more frequently seen in offenders who were motivated predominantly by money than other motives. Relative to financial gain as primary motivation, sexual killers who were mainly driven by sex, power and control, and anger were more likely to mutilate their victim.Implications for practiceThis study adds data to a field rarely studied anywhere and hardly at all in China. Findings may offer some help for criminal investigators who need to prioritise their investigative strategies. Once the individual is convicted and sentenced, they may help direct management and/or therapeutic strategies.
Effects of postsilking weak‐light stress on the flour quality of spring maize
Authors: Wen Zhangrong , Shi Kai , Lu Weiping , Lu Dalei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe low sunlight from June to July caused by cloudy weather in Southern China has a detrimental influence on the grain yield and quality of spring maize because this period overlaps with the grain filling stage. A field trial was conducted to study the effects of postsilking shading (30% and 50% light deprivation defined as moderate sunlight [MS] and severe shading [SS], respectively, and with plants under natural sunlight as the control) on grain weight, nutrient contents, pasting, and thermal properties in 2016–2017. Zhengdan958 (ZD958) and Suyu30 (SY30) were used as materials.FindingsMS and SS reduced the grain weight by 26.7% and 42.4% for ZD958 and by 17.4% and 25.7% for SY30 in 2016, respectively. In 2017, the decrease was 6.8% and 2.7% for ZD958 and SY30, respectively, and no difference was observed between MS and SS. Shading reduced the starch content and increased the protein content, and the effects were severe when a large amount of sunlight was deprived. SS increased the starch granule size in both varieties and years. MS resulted in an increase in 2016, but no increase was observed in 2017. Peak, trough, and breakdown viscosities decreased under shading. Similar reductions were generally observed between MS and SS. Shading exerted minimal effects on gelatinization and retrogradation temperatures, but the gelatinization enthalpy and peak height index gradually decreased with decreasing sunlight intensity. The retrogradation percentage increased under shading, and this increment was similar for MS and SS in 2016 and gradually intensified with increasing light deprivation in 2017.ConclusionsShading reduced starch and amylose contents and increased protein contents and starch granule size. These effects induced low peak and breakdown viscosities and high retrogradation percentage. The high viscosities and low retrograde of SY30 indicated that it has better grain quality than ZD958.Significance and noveltyShading deteriorates flour viscosity and increases the retrogradation tendency by reducing grain starch content and increasing protein content and starch granule size.
The supraseptal ethmoid sinus cell: A previously unreported ethmoid sinus variant
Authors: Gore Mitchell R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of a supraseptal ethmoid sinus cell, located between the nasal septum and ethmoid roof. Such a cell, while rare, should be recognized and dissected carefully to prevent skull base injury and cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Ultrastructural Detection of Neuronal Markers, Receptors, and Vesicular Transporters
Authors: Zhang Shiliang , Morales Marisela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAt the ultrastructural level, axon terminals containing synaptic vesicles are clearly observed. These axon terminals (presynaptic component of a synapse) may be seen establishing contacts (synapses) with cell bodies, axons, or dendrites (postsynaptic component of a synapse). By a combination of ultrastructural analysis and immunodetection of molecules, it is possible to determine the subcellular distribution of specific cellular markers (i.e., enzymes), neurotransmitters (within synaptic vesicles), vesicular transporters (in association with vesicles), and receptors (within the presynaptic or postsynaptic component of a synapse). Here we will provide detailed protocols that facilitate the ultrastructural detection of cellular markers, receptors, and vesicular transporters. These protocols include brain ultrastructural immunodetection of one, two, or three different types of molecules prior to brain tissue processing for ultrastructural analysis (pre‐embedding immunolabeling), brain molecular immunodetection after tissue processing for ultrastructural analysis (post‐embedding immunolabeling), or molecular immunodetection in purified synaptic vesicles. Published 2019. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Clinical chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy: a new and promising treatment modality for glioblastoma
Authors: Brown Michael P , Ebert Lisa M , Gargett Tessa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy is now approved in the United States and Europe as a standard treatment for relapsed/refractory B‐cell malignancies. It has also been approved recently by the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia and may soon be publicly reimbursed. This advance has accentuated scientific, clinical and commercial interest in adapting this exciting technology for the treatment of solid cancers where it is widely recognised that the challenges of overcoming a hostile tumor microenvironment are most acute. Indeed, CAR‐T cell technology may be of the greatest value for those cancers that lack pre‐existing immunity because they are immunologically ‘cold’, or have a low somatic tumor mutation load, or both. These cancers are generally not amenable to therapeutic immune checkpoint blockade, but CAR‐T cell therapy may be effective because it provides an abundant supply of autologous tumor‐specific T cells. This is achieved by using genetic engineering to re‐direct autologous T‐cell cytotoxicity towards a tumor‐associated antigen, bypassing endogenous T‐cell requirements for antigen processing, MHC‐dependent antigen presentation and co‐stimulation. One of the most challenging solid cancers is glioblastoma, which has among the least permissive immunological milieu of any cancer, and which is almost always fatal. Here, we argue that CAR‐T cell technology may counter some glioblastoma defences and provide a beachhead for furthering our eventual therapeutic aims of restoring effective antitumor immunity. Although clinical investigation of CAR‐T cell therapy for glioblastoma is at an early stage, we discuss three recently published studies, which feature significant differences in target antigen, CAR‐T cell phenotype, route of administration and tumor response. We discuss the lessons, which may be learned from these studies and which may guide further progress in the field.
Deactivation of Escherichia coli with different volumes in drinking water using cold atmospheric plasma
Authors: Asadollahfardi Gholamreza , Khandan Melika , Aria Shiva Homayoun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis experimental study aimed to evaluate the potential of cold atmospheric plasma jet to deactivate Escherichia coli from drinking water. We studied the effect of the volume of water samples on the performance of plasma jet on deactivation of E. coli of 1, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 cubic centimetres. The results of deactivation of E. coli in 500 and 1,000 cc water samples were the same as one cc of a water sample and we observed 8‐log reduction of E. coli using 50 W. In 1,500 and 2,000 cc water samples at 8 min using a power of 50 W, 4.5 and 2.9 log reduction of E. coli was achieved and while we used 20 W, 2.5 and 1.8 log reduction of E. coli bacteria was performed. This indicated that the increasing volume of water above 1,500 cc caused the reduction of the efficiency of E. coli removal. Also, increasing power caused to increase E. coli removal efficiency. In addition, we monitored changes in pH values and temperature during experiments. Using 20 W, the temperature was increased (natural temperature of the water was 22 °C) 2 °C after 8 min while applying 50 W, the temperatures were raised 5 °C. pH of the water after 8 min in the 1,000 cc water sample, with an input power of 20 W, decreased from 7.1 to 5.5; while the input power was 50 W, pH changed from 7.1 to 4.3. With an increase in plasma irradiation time, the number of E. coli had a significant decrease per min while using in samples of 1 cc. After 8 min, we observed 4‐log reductions of E. coli with the input power of 20 W and 8‐log reduction of bacteria with the input power of 50 W. In 1,500 and 2,000 cc of water samples using plasma radiation for 8 min, 2.5 log and 1.8 log reduction of E. coli was achieved, respectively. This means that an increasing volume of water above 1,500 cc needs more power and time to deactivate E. coli from the water.
Morpho‐Rheological Fingerprinting of Rod Photoreceptors Using Real‐Time Deformability Cytometry
Authors: Santos‐Ferreira Tiago , Herbig Maik , Otto Oliver , Carido Madalena , Karl Mike O. , Michalakis Stylianos , Guck Jochen , Ader Marius 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDistinct cell‐types within the retina are mainly specified by morphological and molecular parameters, however, physical properties are increasingly recognized as a valuable tool to characterize and distinguish cells in diverse tissues. High‐throughput analysis of morpho‐rheological features has recently been introduced using real‐time deformability cytometry (RT‐DC) providing new insights into the properties of different cell‐types. Rod photoreceptors represent the main light sensing cells in the mouse retina that during development forms apically the densely packed outer nuclear layer. Currently, enrichment and isolation of photoreceptors from retinal primary tissue or pluripotent stem cell‐derived organoids for analysis, molecular profiling, or transplantation is achieved using flow cytometry or magnetic activated cell sorting approaches. However, such purification methods require genetic modification or identification of cell surface binding antibody panels. Using primary retina and embryonic stem cell‐derived retinal organoids, we characterized the inherent morpho‐mechanical properties of mouse rod photoreceptors during development based on RT‐DC. We demonstrate that rods become smaller and more compliant throughout development and that these features are suitable to distinguish rods within heterogenous retinal tissues. Hence, physical properties should be considered as additional factors that might affect photoreceptor differentiation and retinal development besides representing potential parameters for label‐free sorting of photoreceptors. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Monitoring program design for data‐limited marine biogenic habitats: A structured approach
Authors: Loh Tse‐Lynn , Archer Stephanie K. , Dunham Anya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMarine biogenic habitats—habitats created by living organisms—provide essential ecosystem functions and services, such as physical structuring, nutrient cycling, biodiversity support, and increases in primary, secondary, and tertiary production. With the growing trend toward ecosystem approaches to marine conservation and fisheries management, there is greater emphasis on rigorously designed habitat monitoring programs. However, such programs are challenging to design for data‐limited habitats for which underlying ecosystem processes are poorly understood. To provide guidance in this area, we reviewed approaches to benthic assessments across well‐studied marine biogenic habitats and identified common themes related to indicator selection, sampling methods, and survey design. Biogenic habitat monitoring efforts largely focus on the characteristics, distribution, and ecological function of foundation species, but may target other habitat‐forming organisms, especially when community shifts are observed or expected, as well as proxies of habitat status, such as indicator species. Broad‐scale methods cover large spatial areas and are typically used to examine the spatial configuration of habitats, whereas fine‐scale methods tend to be laborious and thus restricted to small survey areas, but provide high‐resolution data. Recent, emerging methods enhance the capabilities of surveying large areas at high spatial resolution and improve data processing efficiency, bridging the gap between broad‐ and fine‐scale methods. Although sampling design selection may be limited by habitat characteristics and available resources, it is critically important to ensure appropriate matching of ecological, observational, and analytical scales. Drawing on these common themes, we propose a structured, iterative approach to designing monitoring programs for marine biogenic habitats that allows for rigorous data collection to inform management strategies, even when data and resource limitations are present. A practical application of this approach is illustrated using glass sponge reefs—a recently discovered and data‐limited habitat type—as a case study.