bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco product use and smoking frequency among US adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Eisenbaum E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have been overlooked in tobacco use research although they are likely to experience tobacco‐related health disparities. This study examined tobacco product use and smoking frequency and amount among a sample of US Special Olympics athletes with IDD.MethodsMultiple regression analysis was used to test whether age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, bone density, eating fruits and vegetables and family member tobacco use were correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day.ResultsThe sample of people with IDD who used tobacco (n = 501) were aged 18–75 (M = 33.37) and 76.4% were male. About 73.6% reported cigarette use only, 10.6% reported dual or poly use of cigarettes and other tobacco products (cigars, pipe, and chewing tobacco) and 15.8% reported using only tobacco products other than cigarettes. Men were more likely than women to use tobacco products other than cigarettes. Of the cigarette smokers, 79.6% were daily smokers, and their mean cigarettes per day was 10.08 (SD = 9.50). Special Olympics athletes who did not have low bone density and those who consumed fruits and vegetables less than daily reported higher numbers of cigarettes per day.ConclusionsAlthough people with IDD are less likely to use tobacco than the general population, study results suggest that people with IDD who smoke cigarettes are just as likely as smokers in the general US population to smoke daily. Improving overall health behaviours may be important in helping smokers with IDD to reduce their tobacco use. Research is needed to understand longitudinal patterns of tobacco use and how to prevent tobacco use among people with IDD.
Ectopic positioning of Bergmann glia and impaired cerebellar wiring in Mlc1‐over‐expressing mice
Authors: Kikuchihara Saori , Sugio Shouta , Tanaka Kenji F. , Watanabe Takaki , Kano Masanobu , Yamazaki Yoshihiko , Watanabe Masahiko , Ikenaka Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMlc1 is a causative gene for megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, and is expressed in astrocytes. Mlc1‐over‐expressing mice represent an animal model of early‐onset leukoencephalopathy, which manifests as astrocytic swelling followed by myelin membrane splitting in the white matter. It has been previously reported that Mlc1 is highly expressed in Bergmann glia, while the cerebellar phenotypes of Mlc1‐over‐expressing mouse have not been characterized. Here, we examined the cerebellum of Mlc1‐over‐expressing mouse and found that the distribution of Bergmann glia (BG) was normally compacted along the Purkinje cell (PC) layer until postnatal day 10 (P10), while most BG were dispersed throughout the molecular layer by P28. Ectopic BG were poorly wrapped around somatodendritic elements of PCs and exhibited reduced expression of the glutamate transporter glutamate‐aspartate transporter. Extraordinarily slow and small climbing fiber (CF)‐mediated excitatory post‐synaptic currents, which are known to be elicited under accelerated glutamate spillover, emerged at P20‐P28 when BG ectopia was severe, but not at P9‐P12 when ectopia was mild. Furthermore, maturation of CF wiring, which translocates the site of innervation from somata to proximal dendrites, was also impaired. Manipulations that restricted the Mlc1‐over‐expressing period successfully generated mice with and without BG ectopia, depending on the over‐expressing period. Together, these findings suggest that there is a critical time window for mechanisms that promote the positioning of BG in the PC layer. Once normal positioning of BG is affected, the differentiation of BG is impaired, leading to insufficient glial wrapping, exacerbated glutamate spillover, and aberrant synaptic wiring in PCs.Open PracticesOpen Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge.For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14199.
Neuritin promotes neurite and spine growth in rat cerebellar granule cells via L‐type calcium channel‐mediated calcium influx
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Ru , Lu Jun‐Mei , Li Zhao‐Yang , Mei Yan‐Ai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeuritin is a neurotrophic factor that is activated by neural activity and neurotrophins. Its major function is to promote neurite growth and branching; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To address this issue, this study investigated the effects of neuritin on neurite and spine growth and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Incubation of CGNs for 24 h with neuritin increased neurite length and spine density; this effect was mimicked by insulin and abolished by inhibiting insulin receptor (IR) or mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Calcium imaging and western blot analysis revealed that neuritin enhanced the increase in intracellular Ca2+ level induced by high K+, and stimulated the cell surface expression of CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 α subunits of the L‐type calcium channel, which was suppressed by inhibition of IR or mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase/ERK. Treatment with inhibitors of L‐type calcium channels, calmodulin, and calcineurin (CaN) abrogated the effects of neuritin on neurite length and spine density. A similar result was obtained by silencing nuclear factor of activated T cells c4, which is known to be activated by neuritin in CGNs. These results indicate that IR and ERK signaling as well as the Ca2+/CaN/nuclear factor of activated T cells c4 axis mediate the effects of neuritin on neurite and spine growth in CGNs.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14195.
Care Complexity Individual Factors Associated With Hospital Readmission: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Adamuz Jordi , González‐Samartino Maribel , Jiménez‐Martínez Emilio , Tapia‐Pérez Marta , López‐Jiménez María‐Magdalena , Ruiz‐Martínez María‐José , Rodríguez‐Fernández Hugo , Delgado‐Hito Pilar , Juvé‐Udina Maria‐Eulàlia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine the frequency of care complexity individual factors documented in the nursing assessment and to identify the risk factors associated with hospital readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge.DesignObservational analysis of a retrospective cohort at a 700‐bed university hospital in Barcelona, Spain. A total of 16,925 adult patient admissions to a ward or intermediate care units were evaluated from January to December 2016. Most patients were admitted due to cardiocirculatory and respiratory disorders (29.3%), musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders (21.8%), digestive and hepatobiliary conditions (17.9%), and kidney or urinary disorders (11.2%).MethodsReadmission was defined as rehospitalization for any reason within 30 days of discharge. Patients who required hospital readmission were compared with those who did not. The individual factors of care complexity included five domains (developmental, mental‐cognitive, psycho‐emotional, sociocultural, and comorbidity or complications) and were reviewed using the electronic nursing assessment records. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to determine factors associated with readmission.FindingsA total of 1,052 patients (6.4%) were readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge. Care complexity individual factors from the comorbidity or complications domain were found to be the most frequently e‐charted (88.3%). Care complexity individual factors from developmental (33.2%), psycho‐emotional (13.2%), mental‐cognitive (7.2%), and sociocultural (0.7%) domains were less frequently documented. Independent factors associated with hospital readmission were old age (≥75 years), duration of first hospitalization, admission to a nonsurgical ward, major chronic disease, hemodynamic instability, immunosuppression, and relative weight of diagnosis‐related group.ConclusionsA substantial number of patients required readmission within 30 days after discharge. The most frequent care complexity individual factors recorded in the nursing assessment at index admission were related to comorbidity or complications, developmental, and psycho‐emotional domains. Strategies related to transition of care that include clinical characteristics and comorbidity or complications factors should be a priority at hospital discharge and after leaving hospital, but other factors related to developmental and psycho‐emotional domains could have an important effect on the use of healthcare resources.Clinical RelevanceNurses should identify patients with comorbidity or complications, developmental, and psycho‐emotional complexity factors during the index admission in order to be able to implement an effective discharge process of care.
Robotics in Nursing: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Carter‐Templeton Heather , Frazier Rachel M. , Wu Lin , H. Wyatt Tami 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe the current evidence found in the nursing literature about robotics used to assist or augment nursing care.MethodsA bibliometric analysis of published research focused on robotics in nursing care was conducted to analyze the trends of publications. A search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database was conducted. This analysis was used to determine the types and extent of robotic research presented in nursing and allied health literature, journals that publish robotic research, and the origins of the study.FindingsTwenty‐one articles met inclusion criteria and spanned the years 2004 to 2016. The main disciplines represented by first authors in these 21 articles were medicine (n = 4, 9%), nursing (n = 4, 9%), and psychiatric medicine (n = 4, 9%). Nine countries were represented by the first author. The majority of the specific studies reported using qualitative research methods (n = 4, 19%) with reports of other research designs being used. Further analysis of subsequent citations found that 248 subsequent citations were generated from these articles.ConclusionsThe application of robots has been used beyond typical physical day‐to‐day processes as many definitions of robotics suggest. Eleven (52%) of the 21 articles described the use of robots with aged patients. In some cases, robots were used as companions for older adults, as opposed to replacing mechanical and repetitive motions.Clinical RelevanceRobotics are being used globally in nursing care areas. While a limited amount of research on this topic in nursing exists, this study of the literature offers reports of applications of robots within nursing care areas.
Three‐dimensional imaging of the fibrous microstructure of Achilles tendon entheses in Mus musculus
Authors: Sartori Julian , Köhring Sebastian , Witte Hartmut , Fischer Martin S. , Löffler Markus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe whole‐organ, three‐dimensional microstructure of murine Achilles tendon entheses was visualized with micro‐computed tomography (microCT). Contrast‐enhancement was achieved either by staining with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or by a combination of cell‐maceration, demineralization and critical‐point drying with low tube voltages and propagation‐based phase‐contrast (fibrous structure scan). By PTA‐staining, X‐ray absorption of the enthesial soft tissues became sufficiently high to segment the tendon and measure cross‐sectional areas along its course. With the fibrous structure scans, three‐dimensional visualizations of the collagen fiber networks of complete entheses were obtained. The characteristic tissues of entheses were identified in the volume data. The tendon proper was marked as a segment manually. The fibers within the tendon were marked by thresholding. Tendon and fiber cross‐sectional areas were measured. The measurements were compared between individuals and protocols for contrast‐enhancement, using a spatial reference system within the three‐dimensional enthesis. The usefulness of the method for investigations of the fibrous structure of collagenous tissues is demonstrated.
Comparison of tissue loss by different punches: A new A‐design
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectivesTo compare the amount of tissue loss using different FUE punches.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in 5 patients undergoing hair restoration surgery by FUE. Four different kinds of punches were used, that is, sharp, blunt, serrated, and new “A‐design.” All the punches had a total cutting edge of 0.8 mm. In each patient, 4 punches were used to make insertion at right angle with the skin. Immediately after the punch use, the diameter of the hole was measured. The same areas were also measured after 24 hours and after 1 month. The data were collected and analyzed by Multiple t test (with Bonferroni's correction).ResultsThe average size of the wound immediately at the end of the procedure was 0.826 mm for sharp, 0.858 mm for blunt, 0.892 mm for serrated, and 0.932 mm for A‐design. Similarly, the wounds decreased to 0.752, 0.778, 0.774, and 0.696 mm for sharp, blunt, serrated, and A‐design, respectively, after 24 hours. The final wound/scar size was 0.640 mm for punch, 0.660 mm for blunt punch, 0.668 mm for serrated punch, and 0.598 mm for A‐design punch after 1 month.ConclusionThe new A‐design resulted in the minimum scar size after 1 month.
Intense pulsed light and laser treatment regimen improves scar evolution after cleft lip repair surgery
Authors: Peng Lihong , Tang Shijie , Li Qin 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo observe the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) and lattice CO2 laser treatment on scar evolution following cleft lip repair.MethodsFifty cleft lip repair patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty‐five patients used conventional approach with scar cream massage combined with silica gel products after operation. While other 25 patients which received IPL and lattice CO2 laser treatments. The treatments commenced 1 week after removal of stitches and observation of scar hyperplasia. Scar evolution was evaluated with the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) by postoperative photographs.ResultsRelative to the conventional approach, the laser treatments showed improved scar softening and flattening. These differences were reflected in the groups' significantly different VSS scores.ConclusionIntense pulsed light combined with lattice CO2 laser treatment can improve cleft lip surgery scar pliability and appearance, while alleviating children from having to endure the pain of scar massage.
Expected Inflation and Other Determinants of Treasury Yields
Authors: DUFFEE GREGORY R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTShocks to nominal bond yields consist of news about expected future inflation, expected future real short rates, and expected excess returns—all over the bond's life. I estimate the magnitude of the first component for short‐ and long‐maturity Treasury bonds. At a quarterly frequency, variances of news about expected inflation account for between 10% to 20% of variances of yield shocks. Standard dynamic models with long‐run risk imply variance ratios close to 1. Habit formation models fare somewhat better. The magnitudes of shocks to real rates and expected excess returns cannot be determined reliably.
Social Disadvantage and Instability in Older Adults' Ties to Their Adult Children
Authors: Goldman Alyssa W. , Cornwell Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe authors examine whether racial and socioeconomic factors influence older adults' likelihood of experiencing instability in their social network ties with their adult children.BackgroundRecent work shows that socially disadvantaged older adults' social networks are more unstable and exhibit higher rates of turnover, perhaps due to greater exposure to broader social–environmental instability. The authors consider whether this network instability applies to older adults' ties with their adult children, which are often among the closest and most valued social ties in later life.MethodsThe authors use two waves of data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 1,456), a nationally representative, longitudinal study of older Americans. Through a series of multivariate regression models, the authors examine how race and education are associated with how frequently older adults reported being in contact with child network members, and how likely older adults were to stop naming their children as network members over time.ResultsAfrican American and less educated individuals reported significantly more frequent contact with their adult child network members than did Whites and more educated individuals. Nevertheless, African American and less educated older adults were also more likely to stop naming their children as network confidants over time.ConclusionAfrican American and less educated older adults may be at greater risk of losing access to the supports and other resources that are often provided by adult children, or of not being able to consistently draw on them as they age, despite the fact that these ties demonstrate greater potential for support exchange at baseline.
Understanding Generational Differences in Early Fertility: Proximate and Social Determinants
Authors: Goldberg Rachel E. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis study investigated: (1) differences by generational status in the risk of early childbearing; (2) to what extent observed differences reflected timing of sexual onset versus postonset proximate determinants like contraceptive use; and (3) the influence of individual‐, family‐, and neighborhood‐level social factors.BackgroundAlthough U.S. rates of early fertility have declined, they remain high relative to other high‐income countries, and disparities by population group persist. The share of the youth population with immigrant parents has expanded greatly, yet relatively little is known about generational variations in early fertility.MethodThis study used Wave 1–4 data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N=8,777 women). To distinguish between the sexual onset and fertility processes, a sequential hazard framework modelled: 1) the transition to sexual activity, and 2) the transition to first birth among women who had initiated sexual activity.ResultsForeign‐born and second‐generation young women initiated both sexual activity and childbearing later than those with U.S.‐born parents. Sequential hazard models revealed the importance of later sexual onset in explaining delayed fertility among the foreign‐born, and of family attributes for their later sexual onset. Postonset behaviors were essential to the delayed childbearing observed among the second generation.ConclusionImportant differences by generational status exist in both the proximate determinants and the social factors underlying children of immigrants' lower risk of early fertility.
Comparison of Carotid Doppler Ultrasound to Other Angiographic Modalities in the Measurement of Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Boyko Matthew , Kalashyan Hayrapet , Becher Harald , Romanchuk Helen , Saqqur Maher , Rempel Jeremy L. , Derksen Carol , Shuaib Ashfaq , Khan Khurshid 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to compare Doppler ultrasound (DUS) to other angiographic modalities: computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).METHODSAll DUS studies performed at Stroke Prevention Clinic (SPC) from 2011 to 2013 and referred for further angiographic modalities were included. Patients were excluded if the corresponding angiographic modality was not performed within 6 months of DUS. Patients were also excluded if they underwent interventions before DUS or between the time of DUS and the corresponding angiographic modality. The degree of stenosis was classified as mild (<50%), moderate (50‐69%), severe (70‐99%), or occlusion (100%).RESULTSIn total, 245 patients were identified. Nine patients were excluded (3.7%). Overall 472 Doppler studies of single ICAs from 236 patients were included in our analysis. Age was 65 ± 13 years and 136 patients were males (57.6%). There was an excellent agreement between DUS and CTA (kappa = .9 [P < .001], n = 274), good agreement with MRA (kappa = .8 [P < .001], n = 242), and excellent agreement with DSA (kappa = .92 [P < .001], n = 18). There was excellent agreement between CTA and MRA (kappa = .87, n = 46).CONCLUSIONDoppler ultrasound performed in a dedicated SPC by an experienced sonographer and reviewed by a certified stroke neurologist serves as a reliable initial screening tool in determining carotid artery stenosis.
Alteration of occlusal vertical dimension induces signs of neuroplastic changes in corticomotor control of masseter muscles: Preliminary findings
Authors: Deng Hongyan , Gao Shang , Lu Shengyi , Kumar Abhishek , Zhang Zhenting , Svensson Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of altering occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in patients with severe attrition on corticomotor control of the masseter muscles as assessed by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS).MethodsSeven patients (58.6 ± 8.4 years) with decreased OVD due to severe attrition were given mandibular occlusal splints to alter the OVD with the instruction to wear during the whole awake time for a period of four weeks. Motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) and the motor cortex maps of the masseter muscles and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles as control were recorded by nTMS at baseline and at least 4 weeks after the alteration of OVD. The stimulus‐response curves of MEPs were analysed with two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA, and the numerical rating scale scores, motor thresholds, onset latencies, motor cortex maps and centre of gravity (COG) were analysed with paired t tests.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the amplitude of the masseter muscle MEPs (P = 0.036), but no change in the motor cortex map areas (P = 0.111) four weeks after the alteration of OVD. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in either the amplitude of the FDI muscle MEPs (P = 0.466) or the motor cortex map areas (P = 0.230) before and after OVD alteration.ConclusionThe results suggest that alteration of OVD in patients with severe attrition was associated with signs of neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the masseter muscles. The results of the study may add to our understanding of the putative mechanisms related to cortical changes in response to OVD alterations.