bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funders in Europe and incentivizing Open Science
Authors: Proudman Vanessa , Flæten Jon Øygarden , Glinos Konstantinos , Terry Robert 
Published: October 2019

Funders across Europe are using scholarly communications to increase the impact of their grant results, thereby incentivizing researchers to share their research more openly.
This panel session will start by describing the results of a research study called the RIF Project that gleans insights into the policy, rewards and incentives being employed by European research funders to encourage open access to publications and research data for the research they fund. The panel will then respond to the findings and will present and share experience on their policies.
Funders across Europe are using scholarly communications to increase the impact of their grant results. More than 60 funders responded to a survey that was conducted in early Spring 2019 coming from key international funding bodies, national funding agencies, major charities and foundations, and national academies; from over 25 countries. The study was led by SPARC Europe in consultation with Science Europe, ALLEA and the EFC. Research Consulting conducted the research. The survey is the first of its kind, since it includes national funding agencies, academies, foundations and charities in Europe.
What kinds of policy choices have funders made to influence how grantees increase open access to their research results with as few restrictions as possible? How can funders contribute to changing the research evaluation system by exploring ways to evaluate the intrinsic value of research beyond the impact factor for example, by promoting, and considering a wider range of types of research when evaluating grants? How are funders contributing to the investment in open, be it through financing OA journal articles and other material, and supporting infrastructure? The session will provide answers to these questions and will also raise awareness of the areas where funders can do more to strengthen their Open Science policies.
Vanessa Proudman (SPARC Europe) will report on the results of the above-mentioned research study. Jon Øygarden Flæten (The Research Council of Norway), Konstantinos Glinos (The European Commission) and Robert Terry (World Health Organization and the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases) will present the views of their funder organizations.
Phytochemical Composition and Biochemical Studies of the Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Brillantaisia guianensis P. beauv on Alloxan Treated Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: E. Chinedu Kalu , N. Onyeike Eugene , C. Ikewuchi Catherine 
Published: October 2019

The present study was carried out on the phytochemical composition and biochemical studies of the leaf extract of Brillantaisia guinensis peuv on alloxan treated Wistar albino rats. The experimental rats were administered with 80 mg/kg body weight of alloxan, via the tail vein. After five days treatment with alloxan, the treatment with the extracts commenced. Extracts were administered orally at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg bw (both to normal and treated rats) for twenty-one days. Metformin, which served as a standard drug was administered at 50 mg/kg. Chromatographic analysis of the phytochemical content of the leaf extract, revealed the presence of flavonoids (30.7 mg/100 g), saponins (50.6 mg/100 g), phytosterol (6.22 mg/100 g), tannins (7.50 mg/100 g) and glycosides (29.3 mg/100 g). Compared to test and normal control, the extracts dose-dependently and significantly lowered (P<0.05) plasma glucose and triglycerides, during the experimental period. This study revealed the presence of pharmacologically bioactive compounds in the leaf extract and showed that the leaf extract had a dose-dependent hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic effect on the Wistar albino rats. The findings suggest a likely protective role of the extracts against hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia thereby useful in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, obesity and other related cardiovascular diseases.
High‐Performance Thermally Conductive Phase Change Composites by Large‐Size Oriented Graphite Sheets for Scalable Thermal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wu Si , Li Tingxian , Tong Zhen , Chao Jingwei , Zhai Tianyao , Xu Jiaxing , Yan Taisen , Wu Minqiang , Xu Zhenyuan , Bao Hua , Deng Tao , Wang Ruzhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEfficient thermal energy harvesting using phase‐change materials (PCMs) has great potential for cost‐effective thermal management and energy storage applications. However, the low thermal conductivity of PCMs (KPCM) is a long‐standing bottleneck for high‐power‐density energy harvesting. Although PCM‐based nanocomposites with an enhanced thermal conductivity can address this issue, achieving a higher K (>10 W m−1 K−1) at filler loadings below 50 wt% remains challenging. A strategy for synthesizing highly thermally conductive phase‐change composites (PCCs) by compression‐induced construction of large aligned graphite sheets inside PCCs is demonstrated. The millimeter‐sized graphite sheet consists of lateral van‐der‐Waals‐bonded and oriented graphite nanoplatelets at the micro/nanoscale, which together with a thin PCM layer between the sheets synergistically enhance KPCM in the range of 4.4–35.0 W m−1 K−1 at graphite loadings below 40.0 wt%. The resulting PCCs also demonstrate homogeneity, no leakage, and superior phase change behavior, which can be easily engineered into devices for efficient thermal energy harvesting by coordinating the sheet orientation with the thermal transport direction. This method offers a promising route to high‐power‐density and low‐cost applications of PCMs in large‐scale thermal energy storage, thermal management of electronics, etc.
Skin‐Friendly Electronics for Acquiring Human Physiological Signatures
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpidermal sensing devices offer great potential for real‐time health and fitness monitoring via continuous characterization of the skin for vital morphological, physiological, and metabolic parameters. However, peeling them off can be difficult and sometimes painful especially when these skin‐mounted devices are applied on sensitive or wounded regions of skin due to their strong adhesion. A set of biocompatible and water‐decomposable “skin‐friendly” epidermal electronic devices fabricated on flexible, stretchable, and degradable protein‐based substrates are reported. Strong adhesion and easy detachment are achieved concurrently through an environmentally benign, plasticized protein platform offering engineered mechanical properties and water‐triggered, on‐demand decomposition lifetime (transiency). Human experiments show that multidimensional physiological signals can be measured using these innovative epidermal devices consisting of electro‐ and biochemical sensing modules and analyzed for important physiological signatures using an artificial neural network. The advances provide unique, versatile capabilities and broader applications for user‐ and environmentally friendly epidermal devices.
Old Concepts, New Application – Additive‐Free Hydrogenation of Nitriles Catalyzed by an Air Stable Alkyl Mn(I) Complex
Authors: Weber Stefan , Veiros Luis F. , Kirchner Karl 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn efficient additive‐free manganese‐catalyzed hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines with molecular hydrogen is described. The pre‐catalyst, a well‐defined bench‐stable alkyl bisphosphine Mn(I) complexfac‐[Mn(dpre)(CO)3(CH3)] (dpre=1,2‐bis(di‐n‐propylphosphino)ethane), undergoes CO migratory insertion into the manganese‐alkyl bond to form acyl complexes which upon hydrogenolysis yields the active coordinatively unsaturated Mn(I) hydride catalyst [Mn(dpre)(CO)2(H)]. A range of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles were efficiently and selectively converted into primary amines in good to excellent yields. The hydrogenation of nitriles proceeds at 100 °C with a catalyst loading of 2 mol % and a hydrogen pressure of 50 bar. Mechanistic insights are provided by means of DFT calculations.magnified image
Progress of Surface Science Studies on ABX3‐Based Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Longbin , He Sisi , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractABX3 type metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown efficiencies over 25%, rocketing toward their theoretical limit. To gain the full potential of PSCs relies on the understanding of the device working mechanisms and recombination, the material quality, and the match of energy levels in the device stacks. In this review, the importance of designing PSCs from the viewpoint of surface/interface science studies is presented. For this purpose, recent case studies are discussed to demonstrate how probing of local heterogeneities (e.g., grains, grain boundaries, atomic structure, etc.) in perovskites by surface science techniques can help correlate material properties and PSC device performance. At the solar cell device level with active areas larger than millimeter scale, the ensemble average measurement techniques can characterize the overall average properties of perovskite films as well as their adjacent layers and provide clues to understand better the solar cell parameters. How generation and healing of electronic defects in perovskite films limit the device efficiency, reproducibility, and stability, and induce the time‐dependent transient behavior in the current‐voltage curves are also the central focus of this review. On the basis of these studies, strategies to further improve efficiency and stability, as well as reducing hysteresis are presented.
Antioxidant and Emulsifying Activities of Corn Gluten Meal Hydrolysates in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Shen Yanting , Hu Ruijia , Li Yonghui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCorn gluten meal (CGM) is a protein‐rich coproduct generated during corn wet milling. In this study, CGM was hydrolyzed using Neutrase protease for 1 and 3 hours, respectively, to obtain antioxidative corn gluten meal protein hydrolysates (CGMPH), which could be a potential antioxidant in various products to retard lipid oxidation. Our objective was to evaluate the emulsion properties and oxidation stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions containing different types (1‐hour and 3‐hour hydrolysates) and amounts of CGMPH. The results showed that the emulsions with CGMPH had significantly improved oxidative stability than the control based on both peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) analysis. The emulsion with higher concentration of CGMPH (e.g., 5 mg mL−1) showed more effective inhibition on lipid oxidation. The emulsion turbidity of 1‐hour CGMPH at 2.5 mg mL−1 had a lower value than that of other emulsions, and overall, the turbidity for 3‐hour CGMPH had a slightly higher value than that with 1‐hour CGMPH. Addition of CGMPM did not affect emulsion morphology and droplet sizes. Zeta potential analysis showed that emulsions with 1‐hour hydrolysate had more negative charges with better emulsion stability than that with 3‐hour hydrolysate at the same pH. In conclusion, the CGMPH were able to inhibit lipid oxidation in reducing the formation of hydroperoxides and TBARS, and could be a potential functional antioxidant for food emulsion applications.
Biogenic amine biosynthetic and transduction genes in the endoparasitoid wasp Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Qi Yi‐Xiang , Wang Jia‐Le , Xu Gang , Song Qi‐Sheng , Stanley David , Fang Qi , Ye Gong‐Yin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiogenic amines (BAs), such as octopamine, tyramine, dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine regulate various behaviors and physiological functions in insects. Here, we identified seven genes encoding BA biosynthetic enzymes and 16 genes encoding BA G protein‐coupled receptors in the genome of the endoparasitoid wasp, Pteromalus puparum. We compared the genes with their orthologs in its host Pieris rapae and the related ectoparasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. All the genes show high (>90%) identity to orthologs in N. vitripennis. P. puparum and N. vitripennis have the smallest number of BA receptor genes among the insect species we investigated. We then analyzed the expression profiles of the genes, finding those acting in BA biosynthesis were highly expressed in adults and larvae and those encoding BA receptors are highly expressed in adults than immatures. Octα1R and 5‐HT7 genes were highly expressed in salivary glands, and a high messenger RNA level of 5‐HT1A was found in venom apparatuses. We infer that BA signaling is a fundamental component of the organismal organization, homeostasis and operation in parasitoids, some of the smallest insects.
Retracted: microRNA‐29b inhibits cell growth and promotes sensitivity to oxaliplatin in colon cancer by targeting FOLR1
Authors: Fu Qiang , Zhang Jindai , Huang Gaofeng , Zhang Yonglei , Zhao Minghai , Zhang Yongchao , Xie Jianguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study was aimed to explore the functional role of microRNA (miR)‐29b in colon cancer, as well as underlying mechanisms. Expressions of miR‐29b and folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) were measured in both human colon tumor samples and cell lines. Colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 were transfected with miR‐29b mimic, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)‐miR‐29b, small interfering (siRNA) against FOLR1 (si‐FOLR1), or corresponding negative controls (NCs), and then were incubated with or without oxaliplatin (L‐OHP). Thereafter, cell viability, cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, and expression of FOLR1, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2) and p‐glycoprotein (p‐gp) were analyzed. We found that miR‐29b was significantly decreased, while FOLR1 was statistically elevated in colon cancer samples and cell lines compared to the nontumor samples and nontumourigenic immortalized human colon epithelial cell line FHC. Overexpression of miR‐29b markedly inhibited cell viability, promoted sensitivity to L‐OHP, stimulated cell apoptosis (all p < .05), and decreased the levels of ABCG2 and p‐gp in cancer cells, whereas suppression of miR‐29b showed contrary results. Moreover, we observed that FOLR1 was a direct target of miR‐29b and was negatively regulated by miR‐29b. In addition, the findings revealed that the effects of FOLR1 inhibition on cell viability, sensitivity to L‐OHP, cell apoptosis, and the levels of ABCG2 and p‐gp were similar to overexpression of miR‐29b. Taken together, our study suggests that miR‐29b inhibits cell growth and promotes sensitivity to L‐OHP in colon cancer by targeting FOLR1.
Application of cyclodextrinase in non‐complexant production of γ‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Ji Hangyan , Wang Yu , Bai Yuxiang , Li Xiaoxiao , Qiu Lizhong , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe production of γ‐cyclodextrin usually includes the utilization of organic complexants. However, the non‐complexant production of γ‐cyclodextrin is always being explored due to the defects of organic complexants. However, in non‐complexant production, the separation of γ‐cyclodextrin from α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin is still a challenge. Here, the selective hydrolysis ability of a cyclodextrinase designated PpCD (cyclodextrinase from Palaeococcus pacificus) on α‐cyclodextrin, β‐cyclodextrin, and γ‐cyclodextrin was proved. The kcat/Km values of PpCD for α‐cyclodextrin and β‐cyclodextrin were roughly 12‐fold and 5‐fold higher than that of γ‐cyclodextrin. It was proved that PpCD had selective hydrolysis ability and its γ‐cyclodextrin purification performance was apparent on various simulated cyclodextrin mixtures with reported proportions derived from different CGTases. Besides, the hydrolysis temperature was optimized and it could be seen that 85°C was appropriate for the production of γ‐cyclodextrin. In addition, the production of γ‐cyclodextrin was achieved by using PpCD in the γ‐CGTase reaction products.
A Diffusion‐Reaction Model for One‐Pot Synthesis of Chemicals with Enzyme Cascades
Authors: Yong You , Ouyang Pingkai , Wu Jianzhong , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe propose a kinetic model for one‐pot synthesis of chemicals using enzyme cascades with an explicit consideration of mass transport and local concentration changes. The kinetic model was discussed in the context of a two‐enzyme cascade system composed of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The simulation results indicate that proximity between enzymes has no visible effects on the reaction rate for cascades freely diffusing in a solution, while the initial reaction rate of a colocalized enzyme cascade can be profoundly affected by resistance of mass transport within a supporting matrix. The kinetic model was applied to a one‐pot synthesis using GOx‐catalase (Cat) cascade in overcoming the unfavourable pH changes caused by product accumulation. The simulation results indicate that, by optimizing the enzyme composition and by enhancing intermediate transport, the GOx‐Cat cascade is able to increase the efficiency of substrate conversion to near 100 % while the reaction time can be greatly shortened.
Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications
Authors: Chan Jou C. , Paice Michael , Zhang Xiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass represents perhaps the most abundant renewable resource with a potential to replace fossil‐based feedstock for sustainable energy, chemical and materials production. Among the three major lignocellulosic biomass components (i. e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), lignin is a macromolecule with an aromatic skeleton with a variety of functional groups (e. g. hydroxyl, methoxy, carbonyl, double bond) and carries a higher energy density. The unique structure makes lignin an intriguing substrate for energy, chemicals and materials productions. However, the high molecular weight and complex macromolecular structure have made lignin a challenging substrate to be transformed by many conversion methods. Microbial enzyme degradation and modification of lignin have been subjected to a significant amount research in the last a few decades. Yet so far little success has been demonstrated to merit the use of enzymatic technology for lignin transformation at a commercial scale. This paper provides an updated review of the development of lignin degrading/modifying enzymes with an emphasis on identifying the key barriers and challenges toward practical applications of microbial enzymes for lignin valorization with a hope to generate new insights and direction that can overcome these challenges.
Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles as a Reactive Quasi‐Homogeneous Catalyst in Base‐Free Aerobic Homocoupling Reactions
Authors: Jang Wongi , Byun Hongsik , Kim Jun‐Hyun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are physically encapsulated within a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) particle at room temperature by an in situ reduction method using trisodium citrate (Cit) and sodium oxalate (Oxa) to serve as quasi‐homogeneous catalysts for carbon−carbon bond‐forming reactions under base‐free aerobic conditions. The use of Oxa results in a more rapid formation and higher loading of AuNPs within the polymer particles compared to those prepared with conventional Cit. Upon dispersing both composite particles in EtOH‐rich aqueous solvents, the polymer matrices maintain a fully swollen structure while still providing great stability to the AuNPs whose surfaces are analyzed to be nearly free from the reducing/stabilizing agents. As a catalyst in homocoupling reactions, the composite particles prepared with Oxa exhibit higher activity, selectivity, and recyclability with a much lower activation energy than those prepared with Cit. The preparation of the composite particles and their catalytic properties are optimized under environmentally‐friendly reaction conditions, and the relationship between structural features and catalytic functions are examined to potentially develop robust, versatile, and green catalytic systems.
NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of Flame‐Made Amorphous Silica‐Alumina for Cyclohexanol and Glyceraldehyde Conversion
Authors: Wang Zichun , Jiang Yijiao , Stampfl Catherine , Baiker Alfons , Hunger Michael , Huang Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmorphous silica‐aluminas (ASAs), possessing both Brønsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS), are important bifunctional catalysts in various industrial applications. Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy has been widely used for characterizing the local structure and the surface sites of ASAs with probe molecules. In this work, four‐, five‐ and six‐coordinated Al species have been observed on the flame‐made ASAs by 27Al MQ MAS NMR experiment. 1H/27Al TRAPDOR MAS NMR experiments confirmed that surface Al species contribute to the formation of BAS and protonate ammonia probe molecules. The adsorption of ammonia on Lewis acidic Al sites (δ1H=3.0 ppm) was evidenced by various 1H MAS NMR experiments on samples dehydrated at different temperatures, allowing the distinction from ammonium ions (δ1H=6.7 ppm) formed at BAS. The signal of ammonia adsorbed on LAS increased with increasing Al content in the ASAs. These properties together with the absence of pore diffusional constraints render the flame‐made ASAs excellent catalysts for cyclohexanol dehydration and the conversion of glyceraldehyde in ethanol to ethyl lactate, outperforming the performance of other ASAs or zeolites.
Electrosynthesis of Pyrenediones on Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Efficient Electron Transfer with FAD‐dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase in Biofuel Cell Anodes
Authors: Blanchard Pierre‐Yves , Buzzetti Paulo Henrique M. , Davies Bridget , Nedellec Yannig , Girotto Emerson Marcelo , Gross Andrew J. , Le Goff Alan , Nishina Yuta , Cosnier Serge , Holzinger Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA particularly efficient redox mediator for electron transfer between FAD‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD‐GDH) and carbon nanotube (CNT) based electrodes can be obtained via electrosynthetic oxidation of pyrene in aqueous buffer solution. 1H‐NMR spectroscopic studies reveal the formation of a 2 : 1 mixture of 1,6‐pyrenedione and 1,8‐pyrenedione at the electrode. The formed pyrenedione exhibits a well‐defined surface‐bound redox system at −0.1 V vs. SCE and provides excellent electron transfer kinetics with this enzyme. Furthermore, the π‐system of pyrenedione allows improved stacking behavior with the CNT walls, leading to enhanced stabilities compared to commonly used mediators like naphthoquinone. The electrosynthesis of pyrenedione for catalytic glucose oxidation is optimal at pH 2 using cyclic voltammetry or chronoamerometry. It is envisioned that the electrosynthetic methodology can be expanded to form different redox mediators for a series of enzymes.
ZnS coating of cathode facilitates lean‐electrolyte Li‐S batteries
Authors: Shin Woochul , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTremendous effort has been devoted to lithium‐sulfur batteries, where flooded electrolytes have been employed ubiquitously. The use of lean electrolytes albeit indispensable for practical applications often causes low capacity and fast capacity fading of the sulfur cathode; thus, the electrolyte/sulfur active mass ratios below 5 µL/mg have been rarely reported. Herein, we demonstrate that ZnS coating transforms sulfur cathode materials electrolyte‐philic, which tremendously promotes the performance in lean electrolytes. The ZnS‐coated Li2S@graphene cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 944 mAh/g at an E/S ratio of 2 µL/mg at the active mass loading of 5.0 mg Li2S/cm2, corresponding to an impressive specific energy of 500 Wh/kg based on the mass of cathode, electrolyte, and the assumed minimal mass of lithium metal anode. Density functional theory calculations reveal strong binding between ZnS crystals and electrolyte solvent molecules, explaining the better wetting properties. We also demonstrate the reversible cycling of a hybrid cathode of ZnS‐coated Li2S@graphene mixed with VS2 as an additive at an E/AM (active mass) ratio of 1.1 µL/mg, equivalent to the specific energy of 432 Wh/kg on the basis of the mass of electrodes and electrolyte.