bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Auditory Distraction on Face Memory
Authors: Bell Raoul , Mieth Laura , Röer Jan Philipp , Buchner Axel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEffects of auditory distraction by task-irrelevant background speech on the immediate serial recall of verbal material are well established. Less is known about the influence of background speech on memory for visual configural information. A recent study demonstrated that face learning is disrupted by joyful music relative to soothing violin music and quiet. This pattern is parallel to findings in the serial-recall paradigm showing that auditory distraction is primarily caused by auditory changes. Here we connect these two streams of research by testing whether face learning is impaired by irrelevant speech. Participants learned faces either in quiet or while ignoring auditory changing-state sequences (sentential speech) or steady-state sequences (word repetitions). Face recognition was impaired by irrelevant speech relative to quiet. Furthermore, changing-state speech disrupted performance more than steady-state speech. The results were replicated in a second study using reversed speech, suggesting that the disruptive potential of the background speech does not depend on its semantic content. These findings thus demonstrate robust effects of auditory distraction on face learning. Theoretical explanations and applied implications are discussed.
Enhancement of light emission in Bragg monolayer-thick quantum well structures
Authors: Pozina Galia , Ivanov Konstantin A. , Morozov Konstantin M. , Girshova Elizaveta I. , Egorov Anton Yu. , Clark Stewart J. , Kaliteevski Mikhail A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractControl over spontaneous emission rate is important for improving efficiency in different semiconductor applications including lasers, LEDs and photovoltaics. Usually, an emitter should be placed inside the cavity to increase the spontaneous emission rate, although it is technologically challenging. Here we experimentally demonstrate a phenomenon of super-radiance observed in a cavity-less periodic Bragg structure based on InAs monolayer-thick multiple quantum wells (MQW). The collective super-radiant mode shows enhanced emission rate for specific angles and frequencies. This behaviour correlates with the calculations demonstrating individual spots of the enhanced Purcell coefficient near the Bragg condition curve. This study provides a perspective for realization of surface emitting cavity-less lasers with distributed feedback.
Dynamics of cheater invasion in a cooperating population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Feng Xiaoyin , Kostylev Maxim , Dandekar Ajai A. , Greenberg E. Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS) regulates expression of dozens of genes in a cell density-dependent manner. Many QS-regulated genes code for production of extracellular factors, “public goods” that can benefit the entire population. This cooperation encourages individuals to cheat by using but not producing public goods. QS also controls expression of a limited number of genes encoding “private” cellular enzymes like Nuh, an enzyme involved in adenosine catabolism. Growth of P. aeruginosa on casein requires QS-regulated production of an extracellular protease and is an example of cooperative behavior. When P. aeruginosa is transferred daily on casein, QS mutants emerge. These cheaters have mutations in lasR, which encodes the primary QS transcription factor. When growth is on casein and adenosine, cheater emergence is constrained. Here, we report the dynamics of LasR mutant invasion during growth on casein or casein plus adenosine. We show that LasR mutants have the greatest advantage during early to mid-logarithmic growth on casein. Addition of adenosine to casein medium constrains cheaters throughout growth. Our data support the view that co-regulation of the public protease and the private nucleosidase by QS stabilizes cooperation, and the data are not consistent with other proposed alternate hypotheses.
Immunomodulatory germline variation associated with the development of multiple primary melanoma (MPM)
Authors: Ferguson Robert , Archambault Alexi , Simpson Danny , Morales Leah , Chat Vylyny , Kazlow Esther , Lax Rebecca , Yoon Garrett , Moran Una , Shapiro Richard , Pavlick Anna , Polsky David , Osman Iman , Kirchhoff Tomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultiple primary melanoma (MPM) has been associated with a higher 10-year mortality risk compared to patients with single primary melanoma (SPM). Given that 3–8% of patients with SPM develop additional primary melanomas, new markers predictive of MPM risk are needed. Based on the evidence that the immune system may regulate melanoma progression, we explored whether germline genetic variants controlling the expression of 41 immunomodulatory genes modulate the risk of MPM compared to patients with SPM or healthy controls. By genotyping these 41 variants in 977 melanoma patients, we found that rs2071304, linked to the expression of SPI1, was strongly associated with MPM risk reduction (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.45–0.81; p = 0.0007) when compared to patients with SPM. Furthermore, we showed that rs6695772, a variant affecting expression of BATF3, is also associated with MPM-specific survival (HR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.57–7.42; p = 0.0019). These findings provide evidence that the genetic variation in immunomodulatory pathways may contribute to the development of secondary primary melanomas and also associates with MPM survival. The study suggests that inherited host immunity may play an important role in MPM development.
Nicotinamide Augments the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Resveratrol through PARP1 Activation
Authors: Yanez Maria , Jhanji Megha , Murphy Kendall , Gower R. Michael , Sajish Mathew , Jabbarzadeh Ehsan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResveratrol (RSV) and nicotinamide (NAM) have garnered considerable attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. NAM is a transient inhibitor of class III histone deacetylase SIRTs (silent mating type information regulation 2 homologs) and SIRT1 is an inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1). The debate on the relationship between RSV and SIRT1 has precluded the use of RSV as a therapeutic drug. Recent work demonstrated that RSV facilitates tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)-dependent activation of PARP1. Moreover, treatment with NAM is sufficient to facilitate the nuclear localization of TyrRS that activates PARP1. RSV and NAM have emerged as potent agonists of PARP1 through inhibition of SIRT1. In this study, we evaluated the effects of RSV and NAM on pro-inflammatory macrophages. Our results demonstrate that treatment with either RSV or NAM attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. Strikingly, the combination of RSV with NAM, exerts additive effects on PARP1 activation. Consistently, treatment with PARP1 inhibitor antagonized the anti-inflammatory effect of both RSV and NAM. For the first time, we report the ability of NAM to augment PARP1 activation, induced by RSV, and its associated anti-inflammatory effects mediated through the induction of BCL6 with the concomitant down regulation of COX-2.
Structural MRI at 7T reveals amygdala nuclei and hippocampal subfield volumetric association with Major Depressive Disorder symptom severity
Authors: Brown S. S. G. , Rutland J. W. , Verma G. , Feldman R. E. , Alper J. , Schneider M. , Delman B. N. , Murrough J. M. , Balchandani P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSubcortical volumetric changes in major depressive disorder (MDD) have been purported to underlie depressive symptomology, however, the evidence to date remains inconsistent. Here, we investigated limbic volumes in MDD, utilizing high-resolution structural images to allow segmentation of the hippocampus and amygdala into their constituent substructures. Twenty-four MDD patients and twenty matched controls underwent structural MRI at 7T field strength. All participants completed the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to quantify depressive symptomology. For the MDD group, volumes of the amygdala right lateral nucleus (p = 0.05, r2 = 0.24), left cortical nucleus (p = 0.032, r2 = 0.35), left accessory basal nucleus (p = 0.04, r2 = 0.28) and bilateral corticoamygdaloid transition area (right hemisphere p = 0.032, r2 = 0.38, left hemisphere p = 0.032, r2 = 0.35) each displayed significant negative associations with MDD severity. The bilateral centrocortical (right hemisphere p = 0.032, r2 = 0.31, left hemisphere p = 0.032, r2 = 0.32) and right basolateral complexes (p = 0.05, r2 = 0.24) also displayed significant negative relationships with depressive symptoms. Using high-field strength MRI, we report the novel finding that MDD severity is consistently negatively associated with amygdala nuclei, linking volumetric reductions with worsening depressive symptoms.
Sensors for optical thermometry based on luminescence from layered YVO4: Ln3+ (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) thin films made by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Getz Michael N. , Nilsen Ola , Hansen Per-Anders 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBelow the Earth’s crust, temperatures may reach beyond 600 K, impeding the batteries used to power conventional thermometers. Fluorescence intensity ratio based temperature probes can be used with optical fibers that can withstand these conditions. However, the probes tend to exhibit narrow operating ranges and poor sensitivity above 400 K. In this study, we have investigated single and dual layered YVO4: Ln3+ (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) thin films (100–150 nm) for use in fluorescence intensity ratio based temperature sensors in the 300–850 K range. The type of lanthanide emission can be fine-tuned by adjusting the thickness of each layer, and the layered structure allows for emission from otherwise incompatible lanthanide pairs. This novel multi-layered approach enables high sensitivity over a broad temperature range. The highest relative sensitivity was achieved for a dual layered YVO4: Eu3+/YVO4: Dy3+ sample, exhibiting a maximum sensitivity of 3.6% K−1 at 640 K. The films were successfully deposited on all tested substrates (silicon, iron, aluminum, glass, quartz, and steel), and can be applied homogenously to most surfaces without the use of binders. The films are unaffected by water, enabling non-contact temperature sensing in water, where IR thermometers are not an option.
De novo assembly of the Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco transcriptome provides insight into the development and pollination mechanism of female cone based on RNA-Seq data
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Qi , Wang Xiao-Bing , Hughes Tyler O. , Liu Jian-Jun , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor seed-bearing plants, the basis of seed and fruit formation is pollination. The normal progression of pollination is through advances in continuous signal exchange and material transfer, which occur mainly in female reproductive organs; thus, the molecular mechanism of development in female reproductive organs is vital for understanding the principle of pollination. However, molecular biology studies on the development of female cones related to pollination are rare and unclear in gymnosperms, especially in Cupressaceae. In this study, Platycladus orientalis, a monotypic genus within Cupressaceae, was chosen to examine female cone transcriptomes at pre-pollination and pollination stages by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology to de novo sequence six libraries with 3 biological replicates. These libraries were used to construct a P. orientalis transcriptome database containing 71,669 unigenes (4,963 upregulated unigenes and 11,747 downregulated unigenes at the pollination stage) for subsequent analysis. Based on the annotations and expression levels, the functions of differentially expressed unigenes and enriched pathways between the developmental processes of female cones were analysed to detail the preliminary development and pollination mechanism of the female cone. Targeted investigations were specifically performed to determine the elementary mechanism of secretion and functioning of the pollination drop, a vital ovule secretion at the pollination stage. Ultimately, the expression of 15 unigenes selected between two stages were further assessed and confirmed using qRT-PCR, which demonstrated reliable data and significant differences in the expression profiles of key genes. As one of the largest available transcriptomic resources of this species, the database is constructed to prospectively adapt to the physiological and genomic data of woody plants. This work provided the first transcriptome profile of P. orientalis female cones at different developmental stages, and will promote the illumination of the pollination mechanism of P. orientalis, and will serve as the basis for in-depth genomic study in the Cupressaceae family. This initiative will arouse the interest and attention of scholars and pave the way for future studies.
Đakrông virus, a novel mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) harbored by the Stoliczka’s Asian trident bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus) in Vietnam
Authors: Arai Satoru , Aoki Keita , Sơn Nguyễn Trường , Tú Vương Tân , Kikuchi Fuka , Kinoshita Gohta , Fukui Dai , Thành Hoàng Trung , Gu Se Hun , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Tanaka-Taya Keiko , Morikawa Shigeru , Yanagihara Richard , Oishi Kazunori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe recent discovery of genetically distinct shrew- and mole-borne viruses belonging to the newly defined family Hantaviridae (order Bunyavirales) has spurred an extended search for hantaviruses in RNAlater®-preserved lung tissues from 215 bats (order Chiroptera) representing five families (Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae), collected in Vietnam during 2012 to 2014. A newly identified hantavirus, designated Đakrông virus (DKGV), was detected in one of two Stoliczka’s Asian trident bats (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), from Đakrông Nature Reserve in Quảng Trị Province. Using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, phylogenetic trees based on the full-length S, M and L segments showed that DKGV occupied a basal position with other mobatviruses, suggesting that primordial hantaviruses may have been hosted by ancestral bats.
Identification and validation of SNP markers linked to seed toxicity in Jatropha curcas L
Authors: Trebbi Daniele , Ravi Samathmika , Broccanello Chiara , Chiodi Claudia , Francis George , Oliver John , Mulpuri Sujatha , Srinivasan Subhashini , Stevanato Piergiorgio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEdible/non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas L. are gaining increasing attention, providing both oil as biofuel feedstock or even as edible oil and the seed kernel meal as animal feed ingredient. They are a viable alternative to the limitation posed by the presence of phorbol esters in toxic varieties. Accurate genotyping of toxic/non-toxic accessions is critical to breeding management. The aim of this study was to identify SNP markers linked to seed toxicity in J. curcas. For SNP discovery, NGS technology was used to sequence the whole genomes of a toxic and non-toxic parent along with a bulk of 51 toxic and 30 non-toxic F2 plants. To ascertain the association between SNP markers and seed toxicity trait, candidate SNPs were genotyped on 672 individuals segregating for seed toxicity and two collections of J. curcas composed of 96 individuals each. In silico SNP discovery approaches led to the identification of 64 candidate SNPs discriminating non-toxic and toxic samples. These SNPs were mapped on Chromosome 8 within the Linkage Group 8 previously identified as a genomic region important for phorbol ester biosynthesis. The association study identified two new SNPs, SNP_J22 and SNP_J24 significantly linked to low toxicity with R2 values of 0.75 and 0.54, respectively. Our study released two valuable SNP markers for high-throughput, marker-assisted breeding of seed toxicity in J. curcas.
Hardness of Polycrystalline Wurtzite Boron Nitride (wBN) Compacts
Authors: Liu Yinjuan , Zhan Guodong , Wang Qiang , He Duanwei , Zhang Jiawei , Liang Akun , Moellendick Timothy E. , Zhao Le , Li Xiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWurtzite boron nitride (wBN), due to its superior properties and many potential practical and scientific applications, such as ideal machining/cutting/milling ferrous and carbide materials, especially as an ideal dielectric substrate material for optical, electronic, and 2-D graphene-based devices, has recently attracted much attention from both academic and industrial fields. Despite decades of research, there is an ongoing debate about if the single-phase wBN is harder than diamond because of the difficulty to make pure wBN material. Here we report the successful synthesis of pure single-phase polycrystalline wurtzite-type boron nitride (wBN) bulk material by using wBN powder as a starting material with a well-controlled process under ultra-high pressure and high temperature. The cubic boron nitride (cBN) was also successfully prepared for the first time from wBN starting material for comparison and verification. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM clearly confirmed that a pure single-phase wBN compact was produced. The microstructure and mechanical properties including Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and thermal stability for the pure single-phase wBN was first evaluated.
The Evolutionary History of The Orexin/Allatotropin GPCR Family: from Placozoa and Cnidaria to Vertebrata
Authors: Alzugaray María Eugenia , Bruno María Cecilia , Villalobos Sambucaro María José , Ronderos Jorge Rafael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeptidic messengers constitute a highly diversified group of intercellular messengers widely distributed in nature that regulate a great number of physiological processes in Metazoa. Being crucial for life, it seem that they have appeared in the ancestral group from which Metazoa evolved, and were highly conserved along the evolutionary process. Peptides act mainly through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a family of transmembrane molecules. GPCRs are also widely distributed in nature being present in metazoan, but also in Choanoflagellata and Fungi. Among GPCRs, the Allatotropin/Orexin (AT/Ox) family is particularly characterized by the presence of the DRW motif in the second intracellular loop (IC Loop 2), and seems to be present in Cnidaria, Placozoa and in Bilateria, suggesting that it was present in the common ancestor of Metazoa. Looking for the evolutionary history of this GPCRs we searched for corresponding sequences in public databases. Our results suggest that AT/Ox receptors were highly conserved along evolutionary process, and that they are characterized by the presence of the E/DRWYAI motif at the IC Loop 2. Phylogenetic analyses show that AT/Ox family of receptors reflects evolutionary relationships that agree with current phylogenetic understanding in Actinopterygii and Sauropsida, including also the largely discussed position of Testudines.
Effect of Saxagliptin on Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Kajikawa Masato , Maruhashi Tatsuya , Hidaka Takayuki , Matsui Shogo , Hashimoto Haruki , Takaeko Yuji , Nakano Yukiko , Kurisu Satoshi , Kihara Yasuki , Yusoff Farina Mohamad , Kishimoto Shinji , Chayama Kazuaki , Goto Chikara , Noma Kensuke , Nakashima Ayumu , Hiro Takafumi , Hirayama Atsushi , Shiina Kazuki , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Yagi Shusuke , Amano Rie , Yamada Hirotsugu , Sata Masataka , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin is a widely used antihyperglycemic agent in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of saxagliptin on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a prospective, multicenter, interventional study. A total of 34 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled at four university hospitals in Japan. Treatment of patients was initially started with saxagliptin at a dose of 5 mg daily. Assessment of endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and measurement of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were conducted at baseline and at 3 months after treatment with saxagliptin. A total of 31 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis. Saxagliptin significantly increased FMD from 3.1 ± 3.1% to 4.2 ± 2.4% (P = 0.032) and significantly decreased total cholesterol from 190 ± 24 mg/dL to 181 ± 25 mg/dL (P = 0.002), glucose from 160 ± 53 mg/dL to 133 ± 25 mg/dL (P < 0.001), HbA1c from 7.5 ± 0.6% to 7.0 ± 0.6% (P < 0.001), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio from 63.8 ± 134.2 mg/g to 40.9 ± 83.0 mg/g (P = 0.043), and total SDF-1α from 2108 ± 243 pg/mL to 1284 ± 345 pg/mL (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that saxagliptin is effective for improving endothelial function.
Cell type specific transcriptional reprogramming of maize leaves during Ustilago maydis induced tumor formation
Authors: Villajuana-Bonequi Mitzi , Matei Alexandra , Ernst Corinna , Hallab Asis , Usadel Björn , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUstilago maydisis a biotrophic pathogen and well-established genetic model to understand the molecular basis of biotrophic interactions.U. maydissuppresses plant defense and induces tumors on all aerial parts of its host plant maize. In a previous study we found thatU. maydisinduced leaf tumor formation builds on two major processes: the induction of hypertrophy in the mesophyll and the induction of cell division (hyperplasia) in the bundle sheath. In this study we analyzed the cell-type specific transcriptome of maize leaves 4 days post infection. This analysis allowed identification of key features underlying the hypertrophic and hyperplasic cell identities derived from mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, respectively. We examined the differentially expressed (DE) genes with particular focus on maize cell cycle genes and found that three A-type cyclins, one B-, D- and T-type are upregulated in the hyperplasic tumorous cells, in which theU. maydiseffector protein See1 promotes cell division. Additionally, most of the proteins involved in the formation of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC, that assure that each daughter cell receives identic DNA copies), the transcription factors E2F and DPa as well as several D-type cyclins are deregulated in the hypertrophic cells.
Predicting Antigenicity of Influenza A Viruses Using biophysical ideas
Authors: Degoot Abdoelnaser M. , Adabor Emmanuel S. , Chirove Faraimunashe , Ndifon Wilfred 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAntigenic variations of influenza A viruses are induced by genomic mutation in their trans-membrane protein HA1, eliciting viral escape from neutralization by antibodies generated in prior infections or vaccinations. Prediction of antigenic relationships among influenza viruses is useful for designing (or updating the existing) influenza vaccines, provides important insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning viral antigenic variations, and helps to understand viral epidemiology. In this study, we present a simple and physically interpretable model that can predict antigenic relationships among influenza A viruses, based on biophysical ideas, using both genomic amino acid sequences and experimental antigenic data. We demonstrate the applicability of the model using a benchmark dataset of four subtypes of influenza A (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H9N2) viruses and report on its performance profiles. Additionally, analysis of the model’s parameters confirms several observations that are consistent with the findings of other previous studies, for which we provide plausible explanations.