bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations of Falls and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
Authors: Choi Namkee G , Marti C Nathan , DiNitto Diana M , Kunik Mark E 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Fall incidents and associated medical costs are increasing among older adults. This study examined longitudinal associations between older adults’ falls status and depression at 2 time periods to further clarify bidirectional relationships.

Methods
We used the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Waves 5 and 6 data and included sample persons (N = 6,299) who resided in the community or residential care facilities (not nursing homes) at both waves (T1 and T2). We employed multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the association of T2 falls status with T1 depressive symptoms, and negative binomial regression and logistic regression analyses to examine the association of T2 depressive symptoms with stability/change in T1-T2 falls status.

Results
Over the study period, 46% of older adults (18 million Medicare beneficiaries) who lived in the community or residential care facilities reported a fall. T1 depressive symptoms were significantly associated with greater odds of T2 multiple falls, and increasing falls or continuing incidents of multiple falls between T1 and T2 were significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms and probable major depression at T2.

Discussion and Implications
The significant bidirectional relationships between T1 depression and T2 multiple falls point to the importance of incorporating depression treatment in fall prevention programs for older adults at high risk of increasing/multiple falls.
Not only cancer: the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 affects the repertoire of alternatively spliced transcripts and circular RNAs in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cardamone Giulia , Paraboschi Elvezia M , Soldà Giulia , Cantoni Claudia , Supino Domenico , Piccio Laura , Duga Stefano , Asselta Rosanna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulators, whose implication in neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases remains poorly understood. We analyzed publicly available microarray data sets to identify dysregulated lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease. We found a consistent upregulation in MS of the lncRNA MALAT1 (2.7-fold increase; meta-analysis, P = 1.3 × 10−8; 190 cases, 182 controls), known to regulate alternative splicing (AS). We confirmed MALAT1 upregulation in two independent MS cohorts (1.5-fold increase; P &lt; 0.01; 59 cases, 50 controls). We hence performed MALAT1 overexpression/knockdown in cell lines, demonstrating that its modulation impacts on endogenous expression of splicing factors (HNRNPF and HNRNPH1) and on AS of MS-associated genes (IL7R and SP140). Minigene-based splicing assays upon MALAT1 modulation recapitulated IL7R and SP140 isoform unbalances observed in patients. RNA-sequencing of MALAT1-knockdown Jurkat cells further highlighted MALAT1 role in splicing (approximately 1100 significantly-modulated AS events) and revealed its contribution to backsplicing (approximately 50 differentially expressed circular RNAs). Our study proposes a possible novel role for MALAT1 dysregulation and the consequent AS alteration in MS pathogenesis, based on anomalous splicing/backsplicing profiles of MS-relevant genes.
On Integral Cohomology of Certain Orbifolds
Authors: Bahri Anthony , Notbohm Dietrich , Sarkar Soumen , Song Jongbaek 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe CW-complex structure of certain spaces, such as effective orbifolds, can be too complicated for computational purposes. In this paper we develop the concept of $\mathbf{q}$-CW complex structure on an orbifold, to detect torsion in its integral cohomology. The main result can be applied to well-known classes of orbifolds or algebraic varieties having orbifold singularities, such as toric orbifolds, simplicial toric varieties, torus orbifolds, and weighted Grassmannians.
Translating ‘See-and-Treat’ to primary care: opening the gates does not cause a flood
Authors: Savage Carl , Bjessmo Staffan , Borisenko Oleg , Larsson Henrik , Karlsson Jacob , Mazzocato Pamela 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To explore how the See-and-Treat concept can be applied in primary care and its effect on volume and productivity.

Design
An explanatory single-case study design with a mixed methods approach and presented according to the SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines.

Setting
A publicly-funded, private primary care provider within the Stockholm County, which caters to a diverse patient population in terms of ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status and care needs.

Participants
CEO, center manager, four physicians, two licensed practical nurses, one medical secretary and one lab assistant.

Intervention
A See-and-Treat unit was established to offer same-day service for acute unplanned visits. Standardized patient symptom forms were created that allowed patients to self-triage and then enter into a streamlined care process consisting of a quick diagnostic lab and a physician visit.

Main Outcome Measures
Volume, productivity, staff perceptions and patient satisfaction were measured through data on number and type of contacts per 1000 listed patients, visits per physician, observations, interviews and a questionnaire.

Results
A significant decrease in the acute and total number of visits, a continued trend of diminishing telephone contacts, and a non-significant increase in physician productivity. Patients were very satisfied, and staff perceived an improved quality of care.

Conclusions
See-and-Treat appears to be a viable approach for a specific primary care patient segment interested in acute same-day-service. Opening up access and standardizing care made it possible to efficiently address these needs and engage patients.
Oxidative stress levels and dynamic changes in mitochondrial gene expression in a radiation-induced lung injury model
Authors: Yin Zhongyuan , Yang Guanghai , Deng Sisi , Wang Qiong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to set up a beagle dog model, for radiation-induced lung injury, that would be able to supply fresh lung tissues in the different injury phases for research into oxidative stress levels and mitochondrial gene expression. Blood serum and tissues were collected via CT-guided core needle biopsies from dogs in the various phases of the radiation response over a 40-week period. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (MnSOD) protein expression in radiation-induced lung injury were determined by in situ immunocytochemistry; malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reductase activity in the peripheral blood were also tested; in addition, the copy number of the mitochondrial DNA and the level of function of the respiratory chain in the lung tissues were assessed. ROS showed dynamic changes and peaked at 4 weeks; MnSOD was mainly expressed in the Type II alveolar epithelium at 8 weeks; the MDA content and reductase activity in the peripheral blood presented no changes; the copy numbers of most mitochondrial genes peaked at 8 weeks, similarly to the level of function of the corresponding respiratory chain complexes; the level of function of the respiratory chain complex III did not peak until 24 weeks, similarly to the level of function of the corresponding gene Cytb. Radiation-induced lung injury was found to be a dynamically changing process, mainly related to interactions between local ROS, and it was not associated with the levels of oxidative stress in the peripheral blood. Mitochondrial genes and their corresponding respiratory chain complexes were found to be involved in the overall process.
Level of Evidence for Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of Physical Capacity Tasks Designed to Assess Functioning in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review Using the COSMIN Standards
Authors: Jakobsson Max , Gutke Annelie , Mokkink Lidwine B , Smeets Rob , Lundberg Mari 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Physical capacity tasks (ie, observer-administered outcome measures that comprise a standardized activity) are useful for assessing functioning in patients with low back pain.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the level of evidence for the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of physical capacity tasks.

Data Sources
MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and relevant reference lists were used as data sources.

Study Selection
Two authors independently selected articles addressing the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of physical capacity tasks, and a third author resolved discrepancies.

Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
One author performed data extraction, and a second author independently checked the data extraction for accuracy. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality with the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) 4-point checklist, and a third author resolved discrepancies.

Data Synthesis and Analysis
Data synthesis was performed by all authors to determine the level of evidence per measurement property per physical capacity task. The 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 5-minute walk, 50-ft (∼15.3-m) walk, Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation, and Timed “Up & Go” tasks displayed moderate to strong evidence for positive ratings of both reliability and construct validity. The 1-minute stair-climbing, 5-repetition sit-to-stand, shuttle walking, and Timed “Up & Go” tasks showed limited evidence for positive ratings of responsiveness.

Limitations
The COSMIN 4-point checklist was originally developed for patient-reported outcome measures and not physical capacity tasks.

Conclusions
The 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 50-ft walk, 5-minute walk, Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation, Timed “Up & Go,” and 1-minute stair-climbing tasks are promising tests for the measurement of functioning in patients with chronic low back pain. However, more research on the measurement error and responsiveness of these tasks is needed to be able to fully recommend them as outcome measures in research and clinical practice.
Use of a Novel Tibial Traction Triangle for Intramedullary Nailing of Tibia Fractures
Authors: Sathy Ashoke K. , Prabhakar Pooja , Harirah Muhammad , Hay Michael 
Published: December 2018

Summary:
Malalignment after intramedullary nailing of proximal and distal tibia fractures remains a significant problem. We describe the use of a novel device to ease treatment of tibia fractures that undergo intramedullary nailing. The tibial traction triangle is simple and easy to use and allows for better reductions, leading to lower rates of malalignment. A prospective series of 11 patients is presented.
Targeting the interplay between metabolism and epigenetics in cancer
Authors: Montellier Emilie , Gaucher Jonathan 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Metabolic perturbation is a hallmark of cancer favoring tumor progression. It is now demonstrated that cell metabolism has an impact on gene expression through epigenetic modifications. In this review, we expose recent evidences of metabolic-driven epigenetic perturbations in cancer and subsequent therapeutic opportunities.

Recent findings
The intimate link between metabolism and epigenetics and its rewiring in carcinogenesis is a hot topic. Chromatin-modifying enzymes involved in the dynamics of methylation or acetylation require small metabolites as cofactors or substrates, thus orchestrating the integration between epigenetic and transcriptional states. Mutations in metabolic enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 cause the accumulation of metabolites that upset the balance of histone and DNA methylation, thus generating widespread deregulation of epigenetically controlled gene expression. Additionally, modifications of catalytic activity and subcellular localization of metabolic enzymes in cancer can impact on epigenetic modifications and gene expression programs to favor tumor progression.

Summary
The interplay between metabolism and epigenetics and its molecular characterization in cancer cells identifies potential targets for the development of new therapies.
Post-transcriptional regulations of cancer stem cell homeostasis
Authors: Berabez Nabila , Durand Sébastien , Gabut Mathieu 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Although extensively studied for over a decade, gene expression programs established at the epigenetic and/or transcriptional levels do not fully characterize cancer stem cells (CSC). This review will highlight the latest advances regarding the functional relevance of different key post-transcriptional regulations and how they are coordinated to control CSC homeostasis.

Recent findings
In the past 2 years, several groups have identified master post-transcriptional regulators of CSC genetic programs, including RNA modifications, RNA-binding proteins, microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. Of particular interest, these studies reveal that different post-transcriptional mechanisms are coordinated to control key signalling pathways and transcription factors to either support or suppress CSC homeostasis.

Summary
Deciphering molecular mechanisms coordinating plasticity, survival and tumourigenic capacities of CSCs in adult and paediatric cancers is essential to design new antitumour therapies. An entire field of research focusing on post-transcriptional gene expression regulation is currently emerging and will significantly improve our understanding of the complexity of the molecular circuitries driving CSC behaviours and of druggable CSC weaknesses.
Negative-pressure Wound Therapy for Periocular Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Gillespie John W. , Pandya Jui K. , Agarwal Shilpa M. , Gassman Andrew A. , Krakauer Mark 
Published: December 2018

Summary:
Periocular necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, but potentially blinding, or even fatal disease. The authors report a case of a 44-year-old man who presented with quiescent bilateral periocular and facial necrotizing fasciitis. The patient was treated with antibiotics and surgical debridement, followed by negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), until the wound bed was thought to be healthy enough to support bilateral upper eyelid full-thickness skin grafts. NPWT appeared to decrease local edema; speed reperfusion and granulation tissue formation; and served to stabilize the skin grafts against the wound bed, while not causing any ocular complications. NPWT can be a safe and effective adjunct treatment for periocular necrotizing fasciitis.
Is Nicotine Replacement a Safe Alternative to Smoking in Plastic Surgery Patients?
Authors: Michaels Basil M. , Craft Patrick , Michaels Julian A. , Csank George A. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
E-cigarettes, nicotine transdermal patches, and nicotine chewing gum are occasionally used as cigarette replacements by patients, but it is unknown if their use is a safe alternative to smoking in the perioperative period.

Methods:
All patients undergoing major surgery at a single outpatient ambulatory surgery center for a 5-year period were tested for urine cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, the day of surgery. Patients were divided into 4 groups: never smoked (group A), quit smoking with negative urine test (group B), continued to smoke (group C), and quit smoking with positive urine test (group D). Statistical significance of complications among groups was tested using right tailed chi-square test and point biserial correlation coefficient calculations. To control for confounding factors, age and BMI of each group were compared using unequal sample size and variance t tests.

Results:
Four hundred seventy patients were included in the study. Patient count in each group was group A n = 380, group B n = 48, group C n = 32, and group D n = 10. Complication frequency was as follows D > C > A > B. Statistically significant differences were observed between D + C (cotinine positive) and A + B (cotinine negative) P = 0.0001 and between D (nicotine replacement) and B (nicotine abstinence) P = 0.00026. There was neither statistical difference between groups A and B, nor C and D.

Conclusions:
Nicotine replacement carries similar risks as continued smoking and is not as safe as abstinence in the perioperative period in plastic surgery patients. Importantly, patients who stopped smoking for the surgery had equivalent risk for postoperative complications as patients who had never smoked.
A Single‐center Review of Pediatric Colonoscopy Quality Indicators
Authors: Pasquarella Christine Seif , Kaplan Barbara , Mahajan Lori , Lamparyk Katherine , Kay Marsha 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Colonoscopy with terminal ileal (TI) intubation is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the care of children with digestive diseases, especially in those with inflammatory bowel disease. Ileal intubation rate is a recognized quality indicator for pediatric colonoscopy. Our primary aim was to identify our single‐center ileal intubation rate and to secondarily identify specific factors, including bowel preparation quality, procedure duration, and cecal intubation rates which affect successful ileal intubation and by extension, complete colonoscopy.Methods:A retrospective chart review of all colonoscopies in 2015 was completed, identifying 458 procedures. Sixty‐seven patients were excluded, resulting in 391 colonoscopies reviewed.Results:We analyzed 391 colonoscopy procedures with a mean patient age of 14.4 ± 5.3 years. The most frequent primary indications for colonoscopy included abdominal pain with “red flag” symptoms (35.5%), known inflammatory bowel disease (25.1%), and isolated abdominal pain (11.5%). Ileal intubation was achieved in 91% of all colonoscopies, with a 94.4% cecal intubation rate. Failure of ileal and cecal intubations was classified into 4 categories: disease‐related conditions, bowel preparation, technical aspects, and miscellaneous issues. Potentially modifiable factors accounted for the majority of cases of failed TI intubation. The mean colonoscopy time with and without successful TI intubation were 39 and 48.1 minutes, respectively.Conclusions:Completion of colonoscopy to the TI is an essential part of a complete colonoscopy. TI intubation was possible in 91% of patients. This rate could potentially improve to 95% with optimization of modifiable factors such as improving bowel preparation or further refinement of endoscopic skills.
Influenza A virus and related secondary bacterial infections
Authors: Sheykhsaran Elham , Hemmat Nima , Baghi Hossein Bannazadeh 
Published: December 2018

Influenza infection is considered to be a serious respiratory disease in human. Annually, epidemics or even pandemics give rise to the frequent antigenetic variations of virus surface receptors, throughout the world. Bacterial infections followed by influenza are the biggest medical concerns associated with elevated mortality rates. These high morbidity and mortality rates, have become a priority in terms of health. Likewise, economic aspects of the issue have special importance also.In the present study, several articles have been investigated with regards to main key words including influenza A, secondary bacterial infections and pandemics. Then, attempts have been made to summarize the information in concise figures (was graphically visualized) and tables in addition to main literature. Until this date, a number of influenza pandemics have taken place with varying morbidity and mortality rates because of secondary bacterial infections followed by influenza. However, the 1918 pandemic had the highest death rate recorded. According to investigative studies,Streptococcus pneumoniaeandStaphylococcus aureusare the most common isolated bacteria in patients with secondary infections. Other bacteria, such asHaemophilus influenza,Streptococcus pyogenes, and to a lesser degreeLegionellaspp., are involved in these infections as well. Currently, it is known that various protease enzymes intensify the influenza virus infectivity. Another important aspect of influenza occurs in the Hajj pilgrimage season and many vaccines have been made to deal with its consequences. These vaccines decrement the mortality rate, however, some have minor side effects.
Diagnostic Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients With Biochemical Evidence of Recurrent, Residual, or Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Rodríguez-Bel Laura , Sabaté-Llobera Aida , Rossi-Seoane Susana , Reynés-Llompart Gabriel , Vercher Conejero José Luis , Cos-Domingo Mònica , Moreno-Llorente Pablo , Pérez-Maraver Manuel , Cortés-Romera Montserrat , Gámez Cenzano Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Objective
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy. Location of residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease is crucial to treatment management and outcome. We aimed to evaluate the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in localizing MTC foci in patients with biochemical relapse.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study. Review of 51 FDG PET/CT studies of 45 patients referred to restage MTC due to increased calcitonin (Ctn) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values at follow-up. FDG PET/CT diagnostic accuracy was determined through a patient-based analysis, using histology as criterion standard when available, or other imaging studies and clinical follow-up otherwise (mean, 4 years).

Results
There were 25 positive scans. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic accuracy, and positive likelihood ratio were 66.7%, 83.3%, 88.0%, 57.7%, 72.5%, and 4.0, respectively. Using a Ctn cutoff of 1000 pg/mL, sensitivity increased to 76.9%. There were significant differences of Ctn and CEA values between positive and negative FDG PET/CT (P < 0.05). Regarding true-positive studies, average SUVmax comparing locoregional and metastatic disease was at the limit of significance (P = 0.046).

Conclusions
PET/CT can be useful to restage patients with biochemical relapse of MTC, with a better performance in higher Ctn levels. Its high positive predictive value (88%) may impact in the therapeutic management, although its low negative predictive value (57.7%) makes strict follow-up mandatory in examinations without pathologic findings.