bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand structure and diversity of restored mangroves at abandoned pond in eastern coast of North Sumatra
Authors: Onrizal O , Amelia R , Amri K , Sulistiyono N , Mansor M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mangrove forests are one of the coastal wetland ecosystems and productive that functions as a buffer of life. However, in the last few decades, mangrove forests continue to be degraded or lost due to various human activities, especially the conversion of mangroves into ponds. Mangrove restoration on abandoned pond land has been carried out in recent years in eastern coast of North Sumatra. This study aimed to determine the diversity and structure of mangrove vegetation resulting from restoration on ex-pond lands on the eastern coast of North Sumatra. A total of 30 sample plots, each measuring 10m x 10 m, have been built at each age of stands from 5 years-old to 9 years-old and secondary forests. All trees with diameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm in the sample plot were identified, measured DBH and height. The restored mangroves on the eastern coast of North Sumatra have high regeneration although the diversity was lower than secondary mangroves. A number of mangrove tree species were found growing in restored mangrove even though they were not planted. Therefore, the mangrove restorations have good impact on mangrove conservation. Some efforts to maintain mangrove forests from restoration and secondary forests need to be considered in order to avoid various disturbances.
The Effect of Argon and Carbon Ion After Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation of Toraja Local Rice
Authors: Rinaldi S , Riadi M , Rafiuddin  , Trisnawaty AR , Putra M M , Okasa A M , Kannapadang S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Red rice is not popular to be cultivated extensively by farmers because of long harvest period, which takes between 6 to 7 months before harvested. Therefore, there is a need to create a diversity of morphological characters, as the character for selection, especially related to the time of harvest. One method is through breeding mutation by irradiation using ion beam. The aim of this study is to evaluate early maturing lines after irradiation using ion beam in Toraja local rice. The experiment was conducted at Gowa and Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi using Red local Toraja rice variety (Pare Lea) treated with ion beam irradiation of Argon ion (10 Gy) and Carbon (150 Gy). The result showed that Carbon ion irradiation treatment produced a higher number of mutants than argon ion irradiation at both locations. Secondly, carbon ion has a greater number of frequencies in the criteria of early maturing compared to Argon ion and harvesting day of red rice in the highlands is comparatively still longer than in the lowlands.
Genetic Similarity of Three Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Populations from Nias Island Sumatera Utara Based on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)
Authors: Hannum Saleha , Ndruru Indah Fiyar , Rahayu Suci 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Genetic similarity of 3 durian poulations [Nias Kota (NK), Nias Induk (NI), and Nias Barat (NB)] had been evaluated based on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic similarity of three durian population. There were 10 durian samples from each population. The genomic DNA was amplified using 4 primers (DzMTb021, Dz621, Dz535, and Dz504). All of locus had 100% of pholymorphism except Dz621 with 33.33% pholymorphism. Dendrogram was cosntructed using Unweighted air-Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) based on Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System (NTSys) computer program. The result showed that the ten sample were not clustered within their populations. Genetic similarity of 30 durian from three population was 63%, and genetic similarity of durian within NK, NI, and NB population was 72, 74, and 59% respectively. The similarity of NK and NI population ws the highest when compared to NB.
Comparing Characteristics of Charcoal and Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Fronds
Authors: Maulina Seri , Anwari Fikri Naufal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to make use of oil palm fronds that contained cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in manufacturing of charcoal through pyrolysis and activated carbon through pyrolisis and impregnation process. To do so, oil palm fronds were pyrolyzed at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C for 90 minutes. Afterwards, the pyrolyzed fronds or charcoal were smoothed with a ball mill, sieved to 140 meshes, and impregnated using a Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) for 24 hours at a concentration of 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 % (w/v). The effect of impregnation process has been investigated. Activated carbon with the highest iodine value of 565.19 mg/g was obtained at 5.0 % (w/v) of sodium carbonate at temperature of 250 °C and the charcoal was 493,5 mg/g. The activated carbon has 6.55% of water content, 13.11% of ash content, 13.46% of volatile matter, 67.67% of fixed carbon. The charcoal has 4.21% of water content, 17.91% of ash content, 14.42% of volatile matter, 66.33% of fixed carbon. FTIR Analysis indicated that charcoal and activated carbon tends to be more polar and contained specific bonds of activated carbon. Moreover, SEM analysis also indicated that activated carbon contained coarse and distributed porous.
Soil-transmitted helminth and its associated risk factors among school-aged children
Authors: Darlan D M , Winna M , Simorangkir H A H , Rozi M F , Arrasyid N K , Panggabean M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth is still prevalent among developing region population consisting of three helminthic species infection, Ascariasis, hookworm, and Trichuriasis. Poor personal hygiene, poor environmental sanitation, low social economy, and population density are associated with the infection. Our study aimed to determine any significance among purposed risk factor of STH infection. This study was an analytical survey with cross sectional design. The number of samples is 39 student of 101747 Public Elementary School located in Klumpang Kebun Street, Klumpang Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang who are determined based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data of personal hygiene, environmental sanitation and socio-economic was obtained by filling in the questionnaire. STH infections data was examined by the Kato-Katz method. Thus, bivariate statistical analysis is established to view the risk factors that play a role in the transmission of STH. Among 39 school age children studied, an overall STH prevalence of 25.6% was found. Questionnaires showed good personal hygiene 74.4%, good environment 77% and high income 53.8%. Also, bivariate analysis showed the strong relationship between the STH risk factor and its infections consisting of personal hygiene (p = 0.000, 95% CI 3.762 - 181.066) and environmental sanitation (p = 0.000, 95% CI 4.367 - 206.071). The significant association of proposed risk factor and STH infection must have led to a specific intervention performed by any official institution including government.
Synthesis and characterization of pure natural hydroxyapatite from fishbone biowaste of coastal communities
Authors: Sihotang M Sontang , Sinuhaji Perdinan , Aisyah Dara 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fish bone waste has long been used in research laboratories that make it necessary for the program to transfer the knowledge to the community in order to improve its usefulness. Fish bone is a form of waste generated from the fish crackers processing industries that like the highest content of calcium hydroxyapatite (HA or HAp). In the bones, the minerals are mainly deposited in the form of calcium phosphate compounds with the greatest majority existing as apatite and only a small amount of the most carbonate containing apatites. Fish bone was converted to hydroxyapatite by heat treatment method at different temperature sand for different conversion durations. Based on the result characterization (at temperature of 1100 °C by FTIR) only the phosphate is exist which is at 1026 cm−1which almost has no impurities that the coumpound HA at high temperatures and smaller particle will be produced hydroxyapatite which is the particle size using 25 μm.
Effect of Mahkota Dewa Ethanolic Extracts (Phaleria macrocarpa Scheff.) to Hepar Histology of Female Rat (Rattus novergicus) In Preeclampsia
Authors: Ilyas S , Tanjung M , Nurwahyuni I , Pasaribu F Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Preeclampsia is a disease at 20 weeks’ gestation which is characterized by an abnormal increase in blood pressure (Hypertension) and Proteunaria. This study used a type of analytic study with an experimental quasi design in pregnant female rats (Rattus norvegicus) consisting of four treatments with six replications each. The study consisted of a control group (K) which was only fed ad libitum, Treatment 1 (P1) was injected with LPS intervena at a dose of 0.2 / kgBW, and the group was given extract of Mahkota Dewa Plant (Phaleria macrocarpa Scheff.) With each dose -one of 100 mg / kgBW (P2) and 200 mg / kgBW (P3). Rat liver organ (Rattus norvegicus) is taken after surgery. Liver organ is made into a preservative preparation with paraffin method and staining of Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Morphological observations showed a marked decrease in liver weight (p <0.05) in P1 compared to Control and a change in liver color in P1 compared to controls. Normal hepatocyte histological observations and necrosis showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) and hepatocyte parenchymatic degeneration and hydropic degeneration showed no significant differences (p > 0.05).
Effect of Combination of Nano Herbal Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) to Kidney Histology of Preeclampsia Rats
Authors: Situmorang P C , Ilyas S , Hutahaean S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder that can cause interference in the kidneys. This study aims to determine the safety effects of the combination of Nano herbal Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in preeclampsia. This study consisted of 5 groups ie K(-): Pregnant Rats, K(+):PE model Rats, P1: PE model Rats + 0,45g EVOO/day/200gBW at 13rd-19th days pregnancy, P2: PE mode Rats + Nano-Andaliman 100mg/200gBW at 13rd-19th days pregnancy and P3: PE model Rats + 0,45g EVOO/day/200gBW + Nano-Andaliman 100mg/200gBW at 13rd-19th days pregnancy. This study showed no differences in kidney weight (p>0,05) but there were significant differences in Necrosis in kidneys (p < 0.05). Combination of Nano herbal Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in preeclampsia can effect in histology kidneys.
Spectroscopic properties of few-layer tin chalcogenides
Authors: Dewandre Antoine , Verstraete Matthieu J , Grobert Nicole , Zanolli Zeila 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Stable structures of layered SnS and SnSe and their associated electronic and vibrational spectra are predicted using first-principles DFT calculations. The calculations show that both materials undergo a phase transformation upon thinning whereby the in-plane lattice parameters ratio a/b converges towards 1, similar to the high-temperature behaviour observed for their bulk counterparts. The electronic properties of layered SnS and SnSe evolve to an almost symmetric dispersion whilst the gap changes from indirect to direct. Characteristic signatures in the phonon dispersion curves and surface phonon states where only atoms belonging to surface layers vibrate should be observable experimentally.
Beneficial impact of materials with reduced dimensionality on the stability of perovskite-based photovoltaics
Authors: Petrović Miloš , Rogdakis Konstantinos , Kymakis Emmanuel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Organometallic lead-halide solar cells exhibited immense potential over the past years and reached the transition point from lab to industry-scale fabrication. However, bridging this gap and establishing perovskites as a viable competitor to conventional Si-based photovoltaics, hinges on the success of cost-effective upscaling process. The key factor impeding this transition is operational stability of solar cells under realistic photoconversion conditions. To this extent, reducing the dimensionality of cell constituents appears as a promising and very attractive approach to tackle this issue. The beneficial influence of such materials on device stability, which is explicitly tied to the engineered interface quality with underlying layers, comes as a result of complex interplay between energy alignment, strain-induced interactions and barrier-like properties of 2D components. The aim of this perspective is to briefly outline key challenges regarding the exploitation of 2D materials within the framework of perovskite photovoltaics, as well as to suggest further development directions.
ACTINN: automated identification of cell types in single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Ma Feiyang , Pellegrini Matteo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Cell type identification is one of the major goals in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Current methods for assigning cell types typically involve the use of unsupervised clustering, the identification of signature genes in each cluster, followed by a manual lookup of these genes in the literature and databases to assign cell types. However, there are several limitations associated with these approaches, such as unwanted sources of variation that influence clustering and a lack of canonical markers for certain cell types. Here, we present ACTINN (Automated Cell Type Identification using Neural Networks), which employs a neural network with three hidden layers, trains on datasets with predefined cell types and predicts cell types for other datasets based on the trained parameters.

Results
We trained the neural network on a mouse cell type atlas (Tabula Muris Atlas) and a human immune cell dataset, and used it to predict cell types for mouse leukocytes, human PBMCs and human T cell sub types. The results showed that our neural network is fast and accurate, and should therefore be a useful tool to complement existing scRNA-seq pipelines.

Availability and implementation
The codes and datasets are available at https://figshare.com/articles/ACTINN/8967116. Tutorial is available at https://github.com/mafeiyang/ACTINN. All codes are implemented in python.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Kidney Mentoring and Assessment Program for Students: a guide for engaging medical students in nephrology
Authors: Bayliss George P , Cobb Jason , Decker Brian , Hellman Richard , Vasavada Nina , Mackelaite Lina , Shadur Craig , Ilori Titilayo , Ibrahim Tod , Leight Katlyn , Hsiao Li-Li , Molitoris Bruce A , Okusa Mark D , Parker Mark G ,   ASN Workforce Committee
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The American Society of Nephrology’s (ASN) Workforce Committee created a unique program called the Kidney Mentoring and Awareness Program for Students to engage medical students in the fight against kidney diseases and interest them in careers in nephrology.

Methods
The program provided a framework and 2 years of funding to three medical schools to organize and carry out health screenings in underserved areas of their communities as well as a structure for student mentoring by the practicing nephrologists.

Results
The Workforce Committee identified three medical schools (Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN and University of Louisville, Louisville, KY) and engaged faculty at each school to serve as advisors. The ASN committed funding to the groups for 2 years, after which the groups became self-sufficient. Three nephrologists participated in each chapter, building on existing relationships with community groups to identify sites and carry out kidney screening events.

Conclusions
We report here the experience of those chapters and a blueprint for other schools interested in setting up a similarly structured program to interest students in nephrology while working with community groups to spread awareness of the major underlying causes of kidney disease.
The security implications of fisheries
Authors: DeSombre Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although frequently ignored in discussion of ocean security, fisheries have had central security implications throughout history. This article re-centres fisheries issues as both a cause and effect of security conflicts, and examines the implications of this re-framing for addressing this intersection. Underlying the security concerns that arise related to fisheries is depletion of global fish stocks. When stocks are overfished or not well managed, fishing vessels move to other areas, where they are more likely to come into conflict with each other and to threaten vulnerable stocks that some populations rely on, and states will claim or defend more ocean territory. These issues are explored here with four sets of security crises that can be best understood by examining the underlying or contributing aspect of fishery depletion: conflicts over sovereignty of small maritime islands, the rise of Somali maritime piracy, the ‘fish wars’ between otherwise friendly states in the middle and latter parts of the twentieth century, and the human insecurity represented by slavery-like conditions aboard some fishing vessels. Understanding the security implications of fisheries grants new reason and new approaches—ideally multi-jurisdictional, transnational and focused on capacity-building—to better protect fisheries and prevent security threats.
Black Soldier Fly Larvae Rearrange under Compression
Authors: Shishkov Olga , Trebuchon Joshua , Yunker Peter J , Franklin Scott , Hu David L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThousands of black soldier larvae hatch simultaneously from eggs laid within rotting vegetation or animal carcasses. Over the next few weeks, they grow while compressed by both their surroundings and each other. When compressed, these larvae rearrange to reduce the forces upon them. How quickly can larvae rearrange, and what final state do they choose? In this experimental study, we use a universal testing machine to conduct creep tests on larvae, squeezing them to set volume fractions and measuring the time course of their reaction force. Live larvae come to equilibrium at a rate 10 times faster than dead larvae, indicating that their small movements can rearrange them faster than just settling. The relaxation of dead larvae is well described by stretched exponentials, which also characterize hierarchical self-avoiding materials such as polymers or balls of crumpled aluminum foil. The equilibrium pressures of live larvae are comparable to those of dead larvae, suggesting that such pressures are dictated by the physics of their bodies rather than their behavior. Live larvae perform fluctuations to actively maintain this equilibrium pressure. This ability to survive large pressures might have applications in the larvae-rearing industry, where both live and dead larvae are packed in containers for shipping.
Authentic Science with Dissemination Increases Self-Efficacy of Middle School Students
Authors: Broder E Dale , Guilbert Katie E , Tinghitella Robin M , Murphy Shannon M , Ghalambor Cameron K , Angeloni Lisa M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ethnically and gender diverse groups are more efficient, creative, and productive than homogeneous groups, yet women and minorities are underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. One contributor is unequal access to high-quality STEM education based on socioeconomic status and race, which we may be able to address through inquiry-based out-of-school time programs. Here we describe a 6-month after-school program that allows an underrepresented community of middle school students to conduct original scientific research that they present at a conference each year. Through qualitative assessments and interviews, we found a trend for increased interest in STEM careers and self-efficacy in participants. Self-efficacy, or belief in one’s ability to succeed, predicts performance and persistence in STEM. Both self-efficacy and interest in STEM careers increased after students presented their research at a conference, highlighting the unexplored importance of dissemination for shaping self-efficacy in K-12 students. Small after-school programs like ours can be easily accomplished as broader impacts by scientists, and well-designed programs have the potential to positively affect change by increasing access and participation in STEM for diverse students.
Tissue residue depletion and estimation of extralabel meat withdrawal intervals for tulathromycin in calves after pneumatic dart administration
Authors: Lin Zhoumeng , He Chunla , Magstadt Drew R , Cooper Vickie L , Kleinhenz Michael D , Smith Joseph S , Gorden Patrick J , Wulf Larry W , Coetzee Johann F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the injection site pathology and determine tissue residue depletion of tulathromycin in calves following pneumatic dart administration and to calculate the associated extralabel withdrawal interval (WDI). Castrated male Holstein calves were injected with ~2.6 mg/kg tulathromycin via pneumatic dart administration. At 1 (n = 2), 6, 12, 18, and 24 d after drug injection (n = 3/time point), calves were euthanized, and muscle, liver, kidney, fat, and injection site samples were harvested and analyzed for tulathromycin concentrations using a LC-MS/MS method. Gross pathology and histopathology evaluations on the injection site samples were also performed. Pneumatic dart administration of tulathromycin caused severe localized lesions of hemorrhage and edema on days 1 and 6, as well as severe pathological reactions in the subcutaneous muscle on days 1, 6, and 12. Slight to moderate reactions were still observed in the majority of the skin or subcutaneous/muscle samples on day 24. Measured tulathromycin concentrations were converted to calculate the concentrations of the marker residue CP-60,300 by dividing a conversion factor of 1.4. The data were used to calculate extralabel WDIs based on the guidelines from U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The results showed that tulathromycin concentrations were the highest in the liver (4,877.84 ± 65.33 µg/kg), kidney (5,819.52 ± 1,087.00 µg/kg), muscle (1,717.04 ± 140.35 µg/kg), injection site (51,884.05 ± 7,529.34 µg/kg), and fat (161.69 ± 36.48 µg/kg) at 6, 1, 1, 1, and 1 d, respectively, after treatment. Tulathromycin concentrations remained above the limit of quantification of 5 µg/kg in all tissues at 24 d. The calculated WDIs based on kidney data were 26 d using EMA method, 36 d using FDA method based on CP-60,300 data, and 45 d using FDA method based on tulathromycin data. These results suggest that pneumatic dart administration of tulathromycin causes injection site reactions in calves and an extended WDI is needed. One limitation of this study was the small sample size of 3 that did not meet FDA guideline requirement. Therefore, the calculated WDIs should be considered as preliminary and additional studies that use a larger number of animals and directly measure the concentrations of the marker residue CP-60,300 are needed to make a more conclusive recommendation on the extralabel WDI.