bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of GLYAT correlates with tumour progression and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Fengchen , Zhou Shuiping , Xia Chuanlong , Lu Jiale , Wang Bin , Wang Xiaowei , Shen Jiandong , Ding Wei , Yin Mengjie , Dai Feng , Fu Shouzhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlycine N‐acyltransferase (GLYAT), known to influence glycine metabolism, has been implicated in the progression of various malignant tumours. However, its clinical relevance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unexplored. Here, GLYAT expression levels in HCC tissues were significantly reduced compared to normal liver tissues. Similarly, GLYAT expression levels in Huh 7, HepG2, PLC and SK‐HEP1 were lower than those in LO2. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that GLYAT exhibited good diagnostic performance for HCC. Kaplan–Meier analyses suggested that decreased GLYAT expression was correlated with poorer progress in HCC. Low GLYAT expression was significantly associated with gender and histologic grade. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified low GLYAT expression and T stage as independent prognostic factors. Nomograms based on GLYAT mRNA expression and T stage showed good concordance with actual survival rates at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years. Moreover, GLYAT downregulation in the Huh 7 cell line enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and migration abilities, while GLYAT overexpression in the HepG2 cell line inhibited these abilities. HCC patients with low GLYAT expression exhibited a predisposition to immune escape and poor response to immunotherapy. This research revealed that GLYAT holds promise as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
Hypoxic Responses in Periodontal Tissues: Influence of Smoking and Periodontitis
Authors: Bozyel Bejna , Doğan Özlem , Elgün Serenay , Özdemir Burcu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to investigate the hypoxic changes in periodontal tissues resulting from smoking and periodontitis by assessing levels of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α, HIF‐3α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).Materials and MethodsThe study comprised 22 periodontally healthy non‐smokers (Group H), 22 periodontally healthy smokers (Group HS), 22 non‐smokers with periodontitis (Group P) and 22 smokers with periodontitis (Group PS). Clinical periodontal parameters were documented, and GCF samples were collected and analysed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsSignificantly elevated levels of HIF‐1α, HIF‐3α and VEGF were observed in Groups HS, P and PS compared to Group H (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher HIF‐2α levels were detected in the Groups HS and P compared to Group H (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were detected between all evaluated hypoxia biomarkers in the Group P (p < 0.05) except HIF‐2α and HIF‐3α. However, in the PS group, significant correlation appeared only between HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings indicate that smoking and periodontitis induce comparable hypoxic effects in periodontal tissues, as evidenced by the evaluated biomarkers. Further research is warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying hypoxia in periodontal tissues.
Incidence, types and predictors of adverse events and their impact on treatment outcomes in multidrug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis patients receiving all oral treatment regimens
Authors: Shah Sayed Idrees , Ghafoor Abdul , Rahman Shafiq Ur , Abidullah  , Ahmad Nafees , Al‐Qaaneh Ayman M. , Younis Faisal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients suffering from multidrug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR‐TB) are treated for prolonged periods with a complex regimen comprised of relatively less effective and more toxic anti‐TB drugs, consequently resulting in high incidence of adverse events (AEs).Study AimThe current study evaluates the incidence, types, management and predictors of AEs, and their impact on treatment outcomes in MDR/RR‐TB patients receiving all oral treatment regimens.Study DesignA total of 242 eligible MDR/RR‐TB patients treated at two different study sites from June 2019 to December 2021 were included in this study.Measures and OutcomesPatients' sociodemographic, microbiological, clinical characteristics, reported AEs and treatment outcomes were retrospectively abstracted from their medical records. Chi‐square, and Fisher exact tests (wherever applicable) were used to find the association between the variable and the occurrence of AEs.ResultsMajority of the patients were suffered from MDR‐TB (71.9%) and were treated with longer treatment regimen (77.7%). Overall 206/242 patients (85%) experienced at least one AE during their treatment. Gastrointestinal disturbance was the most common AE (49.6%), followed by arthralgia (49.2%), psychiatric disturbances (39.3%), dermatological reactions (27.7%), body/headache (24.8%) and hyperuricemia (19%). Due to AEs, treatment modification was noted in 55 (22.72%) patients. Level of modification in the treatment regimen was higher in optic neuritis (100%) followed by neuropathies (80%) and myelosuppression (59%). Similarly, hepatotoxicity was the most serious AE in which the whole treatment regimen was terminated in 27% of patients. Furthermore, the results revealed that only patients' education status had statistically significant association with the incidence of AEs (p = 0.02). The treatment success rate was 80.6% whereas the ratio of died and LTFU patients were 15.3% and 4.1% respectively. Although patients who experienced AEs were more likely to develop successful treatment outcomes (82%) than their counterparts (72.2%), though this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionAlthough AEs were highly present in the current cohort, but they were successfully managed mostly by nonpharmacological interventions or symptomatic treatment. Besides, the incidence of AEs did not have a negative impact on treatment outcomes. High‐risk patients for AEs must receive special attention and enhanced clinical management.
The Incidence and Predictive Factors of Thromboembolism During Hospitalizations for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flare‐Ups: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Meng Ming‐Jung , Chung Chen‐Shuan , Chang Chen‐Wang , Pan Yu‐Bin , Kuo Chia‐Jung , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Le Puo‐Hsien 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsThromboembolism (TE) notably increase morbidity and mortality among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Despite ECCO's 2024 guidelines advocating routine anticoagulant prophylaxis, its application in Asia remains inconsistent due to a lack of regional studies. This research investigates the incidence and predictors of TE during IBD‐related hospitalizations in Taiwan, aiming to improve prevention strategies.Materials and MethodsOur retrospective cohort study included 282 adult IBD patients, accounting for 515 flare‐up related hospitalizations at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from January 2001 to March 2024. Patients were classified into two groups based on the occurrence of TE.ResultsThe incidence of TE was 1.55%. The TE group had significantly lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin and albumin levels but higher rate of sepsis and concurrent autoimmune diseases compared to the non‐TE group. Multivariate analysis indicated that concurrent autoimmune diseases and hypoalbuminemia were independent predictors of TE. The optimal serum albumin cutoff was established at 3.01 g/dL, with sensitivities and specificities of 87.5% and 77.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThis pioneering Asian study identifies concurrent autoimmune diseases and low serum albumin as key predictors of TE in hospitalized IBD patients. We recommend targeted anticoagulant prophylaxis for IBD patients with these risk factors, especially when serum albumin falls below 3.01 g/dL.
Efficacy of Pseudo‐Ceramide Absorption Into the Stratum Corneum and Effects on Transepidermal Water Loss and the Ceramide Profile: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Akahane Tomoki , Watanabe Daisuke , Shimizu Eri , Tanaka Kosei , Kaizu Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChanges in the level or profile of ceramides are associated with decreased stratum corneum (SC) barrier function. Topical application of a pseudo‐ceramide (pCer)‐containing moisturizer can improve barrier function. Additionally, pCer that absorbs into the SC may improve ceramide profiles.AimWe investigated the relationship between pCer absorption into the SC and SC properties and determined the efficacy of a pCer‐containing spray compared with that of a commercial spray without pCer.Patients/MethodsPatients with self‐perceived dry and sensitive skin and decreased barrier function (transepidermal water loss [TEWL] > 10 g/m2h) were randomized into two groups to topically apply a pCer‐containing spray (test group; N = 33) or commercial spray without pCer (control group; N = 19) twice daily as a single‐blind study. SC function and ceramide properties were investigated before and after 4 weeks of application.ResultsIn the test group, the ceramide (NP)/(NS) ratio proportionally increased with the pCer application level after 4 weeks of pCer‐containing spray application. In the control group, there were no changes in SC function after topical application of the commercially available spray without pCer; however, the SC water content, TEWL, SC cell area, and scaling score improved in the test group. Furthermore, the changes in TEWL in the test group were significantly negatively correlated with the pCer application level.ConclusionsThe efficacy of pCer‐containing sprays for those who have sensitive skin with impaired barrier function was demonstrated. Furthermore, the improvement in SC barrier function induced by pCer may contribute to normalizing the SC ceramide profile.
Changing the Oral Tribology of Emulsions Through Crystallization of the Dispersed Triglyceride Phase
Authors: Schochat Philipp R. , Lepp Lina , Karbstein Heike P. , Leister Nico 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSuspoemulsions are used for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, including food such as dairy products and non‐dairy alternatives. Product properties, such as flow behavior or sensory perception of non‐dairy products differ from those of dairy products and are therefore perceived by consumers as products of inferior quality. One reason for this may be the crystallization behavior of the added triglycerides leading to differences in solid fat content in comparison to cow milk. This is discussed with the solidity of the dispersed phase as a parameter of suspoemulsions. The solidity was varied by using low and high melting triglycerides and measuring at different temperatures. The dispersed phase fraction is φ = 30%. The droplet size distribution showed a x50,3 of 1.2 and 3.66 μm, mimicking the droplet sizes of milk and dairy cream. Rheological frequency sweeps were carried out within a temperature range from 5°C to 50°C. The differences in solidity of the dispersed phase caused no changes in viscosity at each temperature. In contrast, oral tribology distinguished different solidities of the dispersed phase with changes in the friction coefficient. The friction coefficient was determined for increasing rotational speeds (0.01–100 mm/s), to compare the so called Stribeck curves with each other. In general, with increasing solidity of the dispersed phase, the friction coefficient increases. Comparing the Stribeck curves of pure butter fat suspoemulsion with those of plant‐based fat suspoemulsions, different plant‐based fats can be mixed, to mimic the friction profile of milk products in plant‐based alternatives.
Semiautomatic volumetry of the temporal lobes of the brain and correlation with electroencephalography results in dogs with assumed idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Drobot Paulina Kinga , Banasik Aleksandra , Owsińska‐Schmidt Karolina , Wrzosek Marcin , Podgórski Przemysław 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundLesions causing refractory epilepsy, often associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), can be undetectable on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs. Automated brain volumetry, widely used in human medicine, can now be applied in veterinary medicine because of the availability of brain atlases.ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop an automatic volumetry method, translate the outcomes into the assessment of temporal lobe volumes in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, and correlate the results with the electroencephalography (EEG) data of epileptiform discharges (EDs).AnimalsThirty‐one dogs of various breeds with dominant temporal lobe discharge.MethodsRetrospective, observational study. The MRI and EEG examination results of dogs referred for neurological diagnosis data between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. An automated volumetry method was developed, which allowed the evaluation of temporal lobe volumes of the dogs. The asymmetric ratio (AR) was then estimated, and the results were correlated with the EEG EDs.Results12/31 (38%; 95% CI: 21.8%‐57.8%) dogs had an asymmetric ratio >6%. Among them, reduction in temporal lobe volumes correlated with the side of the EEG EDs in 7 cases. There was no statistical correlation between temporal lobe volume changes and ED location.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePreliminary volumetric analysis of the temporal lobes indicates the presence of volume differences between the lobes in some dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Diagnosis of TLE in dogs based on MRI volumetry in correlation with EEG examination, especially for dogs with drug‐resistant epilepsy, can influence the development of new therapeutic options, such as surgery.
The endosomal–vacuolar transport system acts as a docking platform for the Pmk1 MAP kinase signaling pathway in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Jing , Huang Zhicheng , Li Yan , Li Hui , Huang Pengyun , Cai Yingying , Wang Jiaoyu , Liu Xiaohong , Lin Fu‐Cheng , Lu Jianping 
Published: November 2024

Summary
In Magnaporthe oryzae, the Pmk1 MAP kinase signaling pathway regulates appressorium formation, plant penetration, effector secretion, and invasive growth. While the Mst11‐Mst7‐Pmk1 cascade was characterized two decades ago, knowledge of its signaling in the intracellular network remains limited.
In this study, we demonstrate that the endosomal surface scaffolds Pmk1 MAPK signaling and Msb2 activates Ras2 on endosomes in M. oryzae.
Protein colocalization demonstrated that Msb2, Ras2, Cap1, Mst50, Mst11, Mst7, and Pmk1 attach to late endosomal membranes. Damage to the endosome–vacuole transport system influences Pmk1 phosphorylation. When Msb2 senses a plant signal, it internalizes and activates Ras2 on endosome membrane surfaces, transmitting the signal to Pmk1 via Mst11 and Mst7. Signal‐sensing and delivery proteins are ubiquitinated and sorted for degradation in late endosomes and vacuoles, terminating signaling. Plant penetration and lowered intracellular turgor are required for the transition from late endosomes to vacuoles in appressoria.
Our findings uncover an effective mechanism that scaffolds and controls Pmk1 MAPK signaling through endosomal–vacuolar transport, offering new knowledge for the cytological and molecular mechanisms by which the Pmk1 MAPK pathway modulates development and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.
Vein of Marshall Ethanol Infusion: Beware the Left Atrial Appendage Isolation
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Xu Juan , Wei Tong , Liang Lin , Li Jun , Liu Shaowen , Chen Songwen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA 58‐year‐old woman was referred for atrial flutter ablation after atrial fibrillation ablation. Linear and reinforcement mitral isthmus ablation failed to terminate the perimitral flutter. During vein of Marshall ethanol infusion (VOMEI), the flutter was terminated and followed by left atrial appendage (LAA) isolation. Voltage mapping showed that a large low voltage area was created in the superior and anterior wall of left atrium. During the waiting time, the LAA activation recovered. It would be necessary to keep in mind that VOMEI would lead to uncontrolled lesion of left atrium.
The effect of trauma‐focused therapy on voice‐hearing: An experience sampling study
Authors: Burger Simone R. , Hardy Amy , Verdaasdonk Inez , van der Vleugel Berber , Delespaul Philippe , van Zelst Catherine , de Bont Paul A. J. , Staring Anton B. P. , de Roos Carlijn , de Jongh Ad , Marcelis Machteld , van Minnen Agnes , van der Gaag Mark , van den Berg David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTrauma and post‐traumatic stress are involved in the aetiology and maintenance of voice‐hearing. It has been proposed that trauma‐focused therapy (TFT) might affect voice‐hearing, but previous studies are limited and remain undecided.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the effect of TFT on voice‐hearing in people with PTSD and psychosis using experience sampling method (ESM). A secondary aim was to explore how changes in voice‐hearing are related to changes in PTSD.DesignThis is an adjunct longitudinal ESM study of a sub‐group of participants (N = 39) from a randomised controlled trial that compared TFT to a waiting‐list control group.MethodsVoice‐hearing participants filled in 10 daily voice‐hearing‐related questionnaires for six consecutive days at baseline and post‐treatment at pseudo‐random times during the day. PTSD symptom severity was assessed at baseline and post‐treatment. Multilevel linear regression was used to test the effect of TFT on voice‐hearing and to analyse the relationship between changes in voice‐hearing and changes in PTSD.ResultsThe intention‐to‐treat analysis showed a significant interaction effect between time and treatment condition (p < .00001) with a small effect size (dppc2 = −0.27), indicating a larger decrease in voice‐hearing in the TFT group than in the waiting‐list control group. Also, a significant association was observed between changes in PTSD symptoms and changes in voice‐hearing (p < .00001).ConclusionsOur findings tentatively suggest that, even when voices are not targeted directly, TFT for PTSD can alleviate distressing voices.
A standard area diagram for Fusarium yellows rating in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)
Authors: Todd Olivia E. , Hanson Linda E. , Dorn Kevin M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMembers of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex are pathogens of sugar beet causing Fusarium yellows. Fusarium yellows can reduce plant stand, yield and extractable sugar. Improving host plant resistance against Fusarium‐induced diseases, like Fusarium yellows, represents an important long‐term breeding target in sugar beet breeding programmes. Current methods for rating Fusarium yellows disease severity rely on an ordinal scale, which limits precision for intermediate phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to improve the accuracy and precision of rating Fusarium yellows by developing a standard area diagram (SAD). Two SAD versions were created using images of sugar beets infected with Fusarium oxysporum strain F19. Each version was tested using inexperienced raters. Version 1 and the improved version 2 SAD showed no statistical differences in Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCC) values, which was used to assess accuracy and precision between the two versions (Cb = 0.99 for both versions, c = 0.97 and 0.96 for version 1 and 2, respectively). In addition, five naïve Bayesian machine‐learning models that used pixel classification to determine disease score were tested for congruency to human estimates in SAD version 2. Root mean square error was lowest compared to the ‘true’ values for the unweighted model and a model where necrotic tissue was given a 2× weight (12.4 and 12.6, respectively). The creation of this SAD enables breeding programmes to make consistent, accurate disease ratings regardless of personnel's previous experience with Fusarium yellows. Additionally, more iterations of pixel quantification equations may overcome accuracy issues for rating Fusarium yellows.
‘In a village, everybody knows the stranger’: Constructing local belonging of refugees in rural areas in Germany
Authors: Schneider Hanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article explores the local belonging of refugees in rural areas in Germany from the perspectives of both migrants and local integration actors. It analyses the development of a personal sense of belonging and the construction of the politics of belonging, with the aim of understanding belonging as a socio‐spatial process. The analysis is based on 64 semi‐structured and semi‐narrative qualitative interviews conducted in eight rural communities and small towns in different regions across Germany. The findings indicate that the sense of belonging to rural localities among refugees is influenced not only by personal and biographical experiences but also by overarching policies and administrative practices. They also reflect the expectations of the receiving communities, which imply imaginaries of rural communities. In addition to convivial everyday experiences, the demarcation of boundaries in everyday life appears to be particularly powerful for a sense of belonging.
Novel resources to investigate leaf plasmodesmata formation in C3 and C4 monocots
Authors: Tsang Hong Ting , Ganguly Diep R. , Furbank Robert T. , von Caemmerer Susanne , Danila Florence R. 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYPlasmodesmata (PD) are nanochannels that facilitate cell‐to‐cell transport in plants. More productive and photosynthetically efficient C4 plants form more PD at the mesophyll (M)‐bundle sheath (BS) interface in their leaves than their less efficient C3 relatives. In C4 leaves, PD play an essential role in facilitating the rapid metabolite exchange between the M and BS cells to operate a biochemical CO2 concentrating mechanism, which increases the CO2 partial pressure at the site of Rubisco in the BS cells and hence photosynthetic efficiency. The genetic mechanism controlling PD formation in C3 and C4 leaves is largely unknown, especially in monocot crops, due to the technical challenge of quantifying these nanostructures with electron microscopy. To address this issue, we have generated stably transformed lines of Oryza sativa (rice, C3) and Setaria viridis (setaria, C4) with fluorescent protein‐tagged PD to build the first spatiotemporal atlas of leaf pit field (cluster of PD) density in monocots without the need for electron microscopy. Across leaf development, setaria had consistently more PD connections at the M‐BS wall interface than rice while the difference in M‐M pit field density varied. While light was a critical trigger of PD formation, cell type and function determined leaf pit field density. Complementary temporal mRNA sequencing and gene co‐expression network analysis revealed that the pattern of pit field density correlated with differentially expressed PD‐associated genes and photosynthesis‐related genes. PD‐associated genes identified from our co‐expression network analysis are related to cell wall expansion, translation and chloroplast signalling.