bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of brain perfusion patterns in dementia with Lewy bodies patients with or without cingulate island sign
Authors: Ishibashi Masato , Kimura Noriyuki , Sumi Kaori , Aso Yasuhiro , Matsubara Etsuro 
Published: December 2018

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the differences in the brain perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography patterns compared in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) with or without cingulate island sign (CIS).MethodsA total of 43 patients with DLB and 63 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were included in the study. The CIScore was determined based on the posterior cingulate area and the occipital cortex using the eZIS software. The CIScore was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Statistical parametric mapping 8 was used for the voxel‐by‐voxel group analysis of single‐photon emission computed tomography.ResultsThe mean CIScore was significantly lower in DLB patients than in Alzheimer's disease patients. The age at examination was higher in the normal CIScore subgroup than in the abnormal CIScore subgroup based on optimal cut‐off value. Statistical parametric mapping 8 analysis showed Alzheimer's disease‐specific hypoperfusion in the normal‐CIScore subgroup. Furthermore, stratifying the patients by age before applying the optimal CIScore cut‐off improved the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in patients aged ≤78 years compared with patients aged >79 years.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that older DLB patients might have a normal CIScore because of concomitant multiple pathology. Therefore, age should be considered when interpreting the CIScore. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 197–202.
Molecular diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric biopsies: Evaluation of the Amplidiag®H. pylori + ClariR assay
Authors: Hays Constantin , Delerue Thibault , Lamarque Dominique , Burucoa Christophe , Collobert Ghislaine , Billöet Annick , Kalach Nicolas , Raymond Josette 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdapted treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection, guided by determining antimicrobial resistance, are associated with high eradication rates. We evaluated the performance of the Amplidiag® H. pylori + ClariR PCR assay (Amplidiag®) for detecting H. pylori and its clarithromycin resistance from gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy in comparison to culture and our “in‐house” PCR.Materials and MethodsA total of 127 gastric biopsies were analyzed (98 adults; 29 children). Culture, PCR Amplidiag®, and in‐house PCR were performed in parallel. The in‐house PCR combined amplification and sequencing of a 267‐bp fragment of the H. pylori 23S rRNA gene. Discrepancies were controlled by amplification of glmM gene.ResultsFor detection of H. pylori, Amplidiag® and the in‐house PCR were concordant in 118 of 127 of cases: 66 negative and 52 positive. Discrepancies were observed in nine cases, all with low bacterial load: Amplidiag® did not detect seven biopsies positive on in‐house PCR but detected two positive biopsies that were negative on in‐house PCR. Among the 19 of 52 (36%) H. pylori cases resistant to clarithromycin, only four biopsies with mixed populations exhibited discordant results between the two PCR methods. The A2142T mutation was not detected by Amplidiag®. With the in‐house PCR and amplified glmM gene as the reference method, the sensitivity and specificity of Amplidiag® was 88.5% (95% confidence interval 83‐94.1) and 100%.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the high sensitivity of the PCR‐based Amplidiag® H. pylori test, especially with low H. pylori load, and the probability of its clarithromycin resistance analysis. For clinical use, a well‐designed trial with a large scale of samples may still be needed.
Long‐term safety and drug survival of acitretin in psoriasis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chularojanamontri Leena , Silpa‐archa Narumol , Wongpraparut Chanisada , Limphoka Pichaya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the long‐term safety, drug survival, and factors associated with the survival of acitretin in a real‐world setting.MethodsData of adult patients with psoriasis who attended Siriraj Hospital between 2012 and 2017 and were treated with acitretin were reviewed. Demographic data and clinical courses were recorded. The Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression were used to calculate drug survival and the factors associated with drug survival, respectively.ResultsOf 104 patients, 56 and 48 were male and female, respectively, with a mean treatment duration of 3.2 years. The mean cumulative dose per patient was 19.28 ± 7.84 mg/day. Acitretin was administered to 73, 39, 24, and six patients for more than 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Most side effects were mild and tolerable; only nine patients withdrew acitretin due to side effects. No patients developed clinical features of cirrhosis or uncontrolled hyperlipidemia. The drug survival rates were 79%, 69.5%, 61.2%, 57.6%, and 53.5% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively, higher than those of previous studies. Patients without obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia did not have a significantly longer acitretin survival compared to patients with these comorbidities.ConclusionsLong‐term, low‐dose acitretin in patients with psoriasis is unlikely to cause significant liver or lipid problems. In countries with difficulty accessing biological agents for psoriasis, acitretin may have a high drug survival rate due to its long‐term safety. This study has several limitations: its retrospective nature, single‐center study design, and small sample size.
Evaluation of bulk tank raw milk and raw chicken meat samples as source of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in Turkey: Recent insights
Authors: Kürekci Cemil , Osek Jacek , Aydın Muhsin , Tekeli İbrahim Ozan , Kurpas Monika , Wieczorek Kinga , Sakin Fatih 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtended spectrum β‐lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL‐EC) was detected in 86.6% of chicken and 22.6% of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 49 distinct restriction profiles among 66 isolates, and 62.3% of the isolates carried the blaCTX‐M gene, among which CTX‐M‐1 was found to be the predominant ESBL types in chicken isolates, whereas CTX‐M‐15 was the commonest among BTM samples. Additionally, of 52 ESBL‐EC isolates from chicken meat samples, 36.5%, 9.6%, and 7.7% harbored the blaTEM, blaCMY‐2, and blaSHV‐12 genes, respectively, compared with 28.5% of the blaTEM and 7.1% of the blaSHV‐12 markers among BTM isolates. The fimH gene was present in 51 isolates of chicken and in 14 isolates of BTM samples, while other virulence genes iutA (n = 31), iroN (n = 26), kpsMT II (n = 5), papC (n = 2), papG allele II (n = 2), papG allele II‐III (n = 2), and papEF (n = 2) were only present in chicken meat isolates. Overall, it can be said that contaminated chicken meat and BTM might serve as vehicles for playing potential role in zoonotic transmission of ESBL‐EC to humans in Turkey.Practical applicationsExtended spectrum β‐lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL‐EC) have been considered to be one of the major worldwide clinical problems and have been frequently isolated from the foods of animal origins such as chicken meat, fish, and raw milk. The current study aimed to isolate ESBL‐EC from chicken and bulk tank milk samples and further characterize the strains by PFGE, identifying resistance genes and as well as virulence genes. Given the high prevalence of CTX‐M‐15/55 type ESBL‐EC strains possessing important virulence genes in chicken and milk samples, it can be said that foods of animal origins might be an important risk factor for extraintestinal ESBL‐EC infections for humans.
Physicochemical and rheological properties of purees based on Mafafa (Xanthosoma robustum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with the addition of cryoprotectants
Authors: Rodríguez‐Marin Nelson D. , Figueroa‐Chaverra Aylin A. , Sánchez‐Jiménez Mayerly A. , Orozco‐Orrego Vanessa , Bohórquez‐Orozco Constanza , García Omar R. , Pinzón Magda I. , Sánchez Leidy T. , Villa Cristian C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGrowing interest in processed frozen products with similar characteristics to natural products has generated the study of new products in the food industry field. The characteristics of each matrix, the process of elaboration, composition, and structure of the additives and the interactions amongst these modify the food's texture, structure, physical and sensory properties and, hence, interfere directly with consumer acceptance. This research studied the effect of adding cryoprotectors during frozen storage on the rheological, physicochemical, structural, and microbiological properties in a Mafafa‐quinoa‐olive oil puree. To carry out the study, the rheological properties were determined through dynamic oscillatory tests and in steady state; likewise, the physicochemical properties (humidity, color, pH, and syneresis) were analyzed. Regarding physicochemical properties, the humidity content in the purees formulated varied between 57 and 74%, without important variation (p > .05) with respect to the formulation, however, in the storage during the freezing/thawing process, this parameter diminished in greater proportion in those purees containing carrageenan as cryoconservant. Both the addition of cryoconservants and the storage time affected significantly (p < .05) the puree's syneresis, with the degree of exudation being lower in the formulation containing xanthan gum at 1% w/w. During the freezing/thawing process, decreased apparent viscosity was noted. Additionally, the analysis of the viscoelastic properties of the purees evidences that already described, given that a significant effect (p < .05) was observed of the formulation of purees in the elastic component G′, in contrast with a notable decrease in the viscous component G″.
Foreground–background separation technique for crack detection
Authors: Nayyeri Fereshteh , Hou Lei , Zhou Jun , Guan Hong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurrent level‐2 condition assessment methods for critical infrastructure assets mostly rely on human visual investigation of visible damages and patterns at the structure surface, which can be a costly, time‐consuming, and subjective exercise in reality. In this article, a novel method for crack detection is proposed via salient structure extraction from textured background. This method first extracts strong edges and distinguishes them from strong textures in a local neighborhood. Then, the spatial distribution of texture features is estimated to detect cracks as salient structures that are not widely spread across the whole image. The outputs from these two key steps are fused to calculate the final structure saliency map for generation of the crack masks. This method was validated on a data set with 704 images and the outcome revealed an average f‐measure of 75% in detecting the concrete cracks that is significantly higher than two other baseline methods.
Role of lysine residues of the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AvrPiz‐t in effector‐ and PAMP‐triggered immunity
Authors: Bai Pengfei , Park Chan‐Ho , Shirsekar Gautam , Songkumarn Pattavipha , Bellizzi Maria , Wang Guo‐Liang 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMagnaporthe oryzae is an important fungal pathogen of both rice and wheat. However, how M. oryzae effectors modulate plant immunity is not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that the M. oryzae effector AvrPiz‐t targets the host ubiquitin‐proteasome system to manipulate plant defence. In return, two rice ubiquitin E3 ligases, APIP6 and APIP10, ubiquitinate AvrPiz‐t for degradation. To determine how lysine residues contribute to the stability and function of AvrPiz‐t, we generated double (K1,2R‐AvrPiz‐t), triple (K1,2,3R‐AvrPiz‐t) and lysine‐free (LF‐AvrPiz‐t) mutants by mutating lysines into arginines in AvrPiz‐t. LF‐AvrPiz‐t showed the highest protein accumulation when transiently expressed in rice protoplasts. When co‐expressed with APIP10 in Nicotiana benthamiana, LF‐AvrPiz‐t was more stable than AvrPiz‐t and was less able to degrade APIP10. The avirulence of LF‐AvrPiz‐t on Piz‐t:HA plants was less than that of AvrPiz‐t, which led to resistance reduction and lower accumulation of the Piz‐t:HA protein after inoculation with the LF‐AvrPiz‐t‐carrying isolate. Chitin‐ and flg22‐induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was higher in LF‐AvrPiz‐t than in AvrPiz‐t transgenic plants. In addition, LF‐AvrPiz‐t transgenic plants were less susceptible than AvrPiz‐t transgenic plants to a virulent isolate. Furthermore, both AvrPiz‐t and LF‐AvrPiz‐t interacted with OsRac1, but the suppression of OsRac1‐mediated ROS generation by LF‐AvrPiz‐t was significantly lower than that by AvrPiz‐t. Together, these results suggest that the lysine residues of AvrPiz‐t are required for its avirulence and virulence functions in rice.
Two Consecutive Polar Amino Acids at the End of Helix E are Important for Fast Turnover of the Archaerhodopsin Photocycle
Authors: Geng Xiong , Dai Gang , Chao Luomeng , Wen Durige , Kikukawa Takashi , Iwasa Tatsuo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractArchaerhodopsins (ARs) is one of the members of microbial rhodopsins. Threonine 164 (T164) and serine 165 (S165) residues of the AR from Halorubrum sp. ejinoor (HeAR) are fully conserved in ARs, although they are far from the proton transfer channel and the retinal Schiff base, and are likely involved in a hydrogen‐bonding network at the end of the Helix E where most microbial rhodopsins assume a “bent structure”. In the present work, T164 and/or S165 were replaced with an alanine (A), and the photocycles of the mutants were analyzed with flash photolysis. The amino acid replacements caused profound changes to the photocycle of HeAR including prolonged photocycle, accelerated decay of M intermediate and appearance of additional two intermediates which were evident in T164A‐ and T164A/S165A‐HeAR photocyles. These results suggest that although T164 and S165 are located at the far end of the photoactive center, these two amino acid residues are important for maintaining the fast turnover of the HeAR photocycle. The underlying molecular mechanisms are discussed in relation to hydrogen‐bonding networks involving these two amino acids. Present study may arouse our interests to explore the functional role of the well‐conserved “bent structure” in different types of microbial rhodopsin.
Conservation in Context: Toward a Systems Framing of Decentralized Governance and Public Participation in Wildlife Management
Authors: Sullivan Leeann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGovernance scholars have long championed the adaptive utility of decentralized management institutions, in part due to their ability to bring diverse stakeholders into decision‐making processes. However, research into the link between decentralization and participation often looks at policy design but bypasses important system feedbacks that shape sustained participation over time. To paint a more robust picture detailing how decentralization and participation are related, this paper uses a complex systems framework to explore interacting structural, operational, and cultural components of decentralized wildlife governance institutions in the United States and Botswana. Through this comparative analysis, I argue that the landscape of public participation in decentralized governance institutions appears to be significantly impacted by three factors: 1) how decentralization processes occurred, 2) where in the process of decision making participation is situated, and 3) perceptions of power distribution between groups with competing interests.
Trust, scepticism, and social order: A contribution from the sociology of scientific knowledge
Authors: Ramírez‐i‐Ollé Meritxell 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), which studies the organisation and content of science, has made two original contributions to the understanding of social order at large. First, SSK scholars regard social order as a problem of establishing “cognitive order” and knowledge. A wealth of case studies has demonstrated that interpersonal trust is necessary to achieve agreement and shared perception among particular collectives of specialists. Second, SSK scholars insist that all types of cognitive order and knowledge, whether “scientific” or “lay,” are the result of socially organised scepticism being parasitic upon existing trust and background expectations (an argument that I call “the Parasitic View of Scepticism”). Sociologists with an interest in today's so‐called “knowledge” and “information” societies, and more specifically, in the social distribution and political uses of doubt and unknowns (including “post‐truth”), would benefit from adopting the Parasitic View of Scepticism and investigating the corrosive and generative consequences of scepticism on the trust relations and the cognitive/social order upon which it is based, in line with insights from the emerging fields of agnotology and the sociology of ignorance.
Converging phenomics and genomics to study natural variation in plant photosynthetic efficiency
Authors: van Bezouw Roel F. H. M. , Keurentjes Joost J. B. , Harbinson Jeremy , Aarts Mark G. M. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn recent years developments in plant phenomic approaches and facilities have gradually caught up with genomic approaches. An opportunity lies ahead to dissect complex, quantitative traits when both genotype and phenotype can be assessed at a high level of detail. This is especially true for the study of natural variation in photosynthetic efficiency, for which forward genetics studies have yielded only a little progress in our understanding of the genetic layout of the trait. High‐throughput phenotyping, primarily from chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, should help to dissect the genetics of photosynthesis at the different levels of both plant physiology and development. Specific emphasis should be directed towards understanding the acclimation of the photosynthetic machinery in fluctuating environments, which may be crucial for the identification of genetic variation for relevant traits in food crops. Facilities should preferably be designed to accommodate phenotyping of photosynthesis‐related traits in such environments. The use of forward genetics to study the genetic architecture of photosynthesis is likely to lead to the discovery of novel traits and/or genes that may be targeted in breeding or bio‐engineering approaches to improve crop photosynthetic efficiency. In the near future, big data approaches will play a pivotal role in data processing and streamlining the phenotype‐to‐gene identification pipeline.
Fully Coupled Aero-Hydro-Structural Simulation of New Floating Wind Turbine Concept
Authors: Connolly Aengus , Guyot Marc , Le Boulluec Marc , Héry Léna , O’Connor Aonghus 
Published: December 2018

This paper describes a fully coupled numerical simulation methodology which is tailored towards floating offshore wind turbines. The technique assembles three key components; an aerodynamic model of the applied wind loads based on blade element momentum theory, a structural model of the floating platform and its associated mooring lines based on the nonlinear finite element method, and a hydrodynamic model of the wave-induced forces based on potential flow theory. The simulation methodology has been implemented in a commercial software product called ‘Flexcom Wind’, and the technical validation involves comparisons with experimental data derived from model-scale tank test facilities.
The validation process centres on an innovative floating wind turbine concept developed by Eolink. Unlike most wind turbines in industry which are supported by a single mast, this patented design uses four separate pillars to connect the turbine structure to the corners of the floating platform. This unique configuration offers several advantages over conventional designs, including a more even stress distribution in structural members, reduced dynamic vibration, smaller floater size and lower overall capital expenditure. Data obtained from the numerical simulations combined with the empirical tests is helping to optimise the device, with a view to further improving its structural design and performance.
MetOcean-on-Demand for the US East Coast: Wave and Hydrodynamics Database
Authors: Bolaños Rodolfo , Lako Anouk , Dich Grode Patrick , Golestani Maziar , Petersen Thor Ugelvig 
Published: December 2018

The U.S. East Coast has the potential for offshore wind deployment and contribute to the energy demands of the area. A safe and cost-effective development of offshore wind farms requires detailed and accurate meteorological and oceanographic (MetOcean) analysis and, thus, a wave and hydrodynamic database has been produced along the U.S. East Coast.
The high-resolution wave and hydrodynamic models are calibrated and validated against various NOAA measurements along the U.S. East Coast. The wave model open lateral boundaries are forced by spectral data from a global wave model. Wind forcing for both models were taken from CFSR wind fields, and the hydrodynamic model was also forced by atmospheric pressure field. Spatially and temporally-varying water level and depth-averaged currents were used to force the wave model. The hydrodynamic model was forced by tidal elevations at the boundaries. The model’s resolution varies from 15 km along the offshore boundaries to approximately 3 km near the coastline. Wave spectra resolution was of 25 frequencies and 16 directions.
New wave model features are explored, including the effect of atmospheric stability on wave growth, the air-sea density ratio and the current impact on the wave growth rate. These processes are now included during the calibration process of the wave model.
Hydrodynamic model results show good agreement with surface elevation measurements, with no bias and small errors. Results of the wave model show overall good results, although some overestimation of the extreme events is noticeable for the studied cases.
The high-quality wave and hydrodynamic models developed within this work will serve as a MetOcean database for developers or alternatively as forcing for establishing local high-resolution (100s m resolution) models, i.e. for complex bathymetry at specific wind farm sites.
Further work includes longer-term validations, data assimilation and assessment of other processes such as bottom friction and their impact on the estimation of extreme waves.