bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of industrial heat treatments on the kinetics of inactivation of antimicrobial bovine milk xanthine oxidase
Authors: Ozturk Gulustan , German J. Bruce , de Moura Bell Juliana M. L. N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMilk is a source of antimicrobial systems such as xanthine oxidoreductase, which has been proposed to modulate the oral and gut microbiota of infants. Heat treatments are applied to milk to ensure its microbial safety, however, the effects of heat on this antimicrobial enzyme are not known. The effects of batch pasteurization (BP), high-temperature short time (HTST), and ultra high temperature (UHT) on kinetics of inactivation of xanthine oxidase and its antimicrobial properties were determined. Xanthine oxidase activity was preserved by HTST (100%). Partial (8%) and nearly complete (95%) enzyme inactivation were observed for BP and UHT milks, respectively. Km values of 100 μM and Vmax values of 6.85, 5.12, 6.31, and 0.40 μmol/min/mg were determined for xanthine oxidase in raw, BP, HTST, and UHT milks, respectively. These results demonstrate that xanthine oxidase maintains apparent affinity and activity for its substrate when milk is treated by BP and HTST and yet the enzyme is inactivated with UHT. To investigate heat treatment-induced alterations in the biological activity of xanthine oxidase, heat treated milks were compared to raw milk for their ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Raw, BP, and HTST milk xanthine oxidase efficiently inhibited S. aureus growth. However, these antibacterial properties were lost when milk was subjected to UHT. These results demonstrate that HTST and BP preserves bovine milk xanthine oxidase activity compared with UHT and that, the judicious selection of thermal treatments could be exploited to preserve the antimicrobial properties of bovine milk.
Three-dimensional imaging of the extracellular matrix and cell interactions in the developing prenatal mouse cornea
Authors: Feneck Eleanor M. , Lewis Philip N. , Meek Keith M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs the outer lens in the eye, the cornea needs to be strong and transparent. These properties are governed by the arrangement of the constituent collagen fibrils, but the mechanisms of how this develops in mammals is unknown. Using novel 3-dimensional scanning and conventional transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the developing mouse cornea, focusing on the invading cells, the extracellular matrix and the collagen types deposited at different stages. Unlike the well-studied chick, the mouse cornea had no acellular primary stroma. Collagen fibrils initially deposited at E13 from the presumptive corneal stromal cells, become organised into fibril bundles orthogonally arranged between cells. Extensive cell projections branched to adjacent stromal cells and interacted with the basal lamina and collagen fibrils. Types I, II and V collagen were expressed from E12 posterior to the surface ectoderm, and became widespread from E14. Type IX collagen localised to the corneal epithelium at E14. Type VII collagen, the main constituent of anchoring filaments, was localised posterior to the basal lamina. We conclude that the cells that develop the mouse cornea do not require a primary stroma for cell migration. The cells have an elaborate communication system which we hypothesise helps cells to align collagen fibrils.
Transdiagnostic Dimensions towards Personality Pathology and Childhood Traumatic Experience in a Clinical Sample: Subtype Classification by a Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Wang JunJie , Sun Wei , Tang XiaoChen , Xu LiHua , Wei YanYan , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Hui Li , Jia QiuFang , Zhu Hongliang , Wang JiJun , Zhang TianHong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPsychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous syndromes often explained by underlying and internalized personality disorder(PD) traits that are affected by externalized childhood trauma experiences(CTE). The present study investigated the differential subtype model by examining the association between PD traits and CTE in a clinical sample with transdiagnostic psychopathology. Outpatients(n = 2090) presenting for psychiatric treatment completed self-reported measures of PD traits(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire) and the childhood adversity(Child Trauma Questionnaire). Canonical variates were generated by canonical correlation analysis(CCA) and then used for hierarchical cluster analysis to produce subtypes. A support vector machine(SVM) model was used and validated using a linear kernel to assess the utility of the extracted subtypes of outpatients in clinical diagnosis classifications. The CCA determined two linear combinations: emotional abuse related dissociality PD traits(antisocial and paranoid PD) and emotional neglect related sociality PD traits(schizoid, passive-aggressive, depressive, histrionic, and avoidant PD). A cluster analysis revealed three subtypes defined by distinct and relatively homogeneous patterns along two dimensions, and comprising 17.5%(cluster-1, n = 365), 34.8%(cluster-2, n = 727), and 47.8%(cluster-3, n = 998) of the sample, each with distinctive features of PD traits and CTE. These subtypes suggest more distinct PD trait correlates of CTE manifestations than were captured by clinical phenomenological diagnostic definitions. Our results highlight important subtypes of psychiatric patients that highlight PD traits and CTE that transcend current diagnostic boundaries. The three different subtypes reflect significant differences in PD and CTE characteristics and lend support to efforts to develop PD and childhood trauma targeted psychotherapy that extends to clinical diagnosis-based interventions.
DFT study of structural, elastic, electronic and dielectric properties of blue phosphorus nanotubes
Authors: Hao Junhua , Wang Zhengjia , Jin Qinghua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBecause of the flexibility band structure, the nanotubes based on the (001) two-dimensional monolayer of β-P are expected to be a promising candidate for electronic and optical applications. By density functional theory calculations, it could be investigated the structural stability of single-wall armchair and zigzag blue phosphorus nanotubes. The formation energy, structure parameter, Young’s modulus, radial Poisson’s ratio, band gap and static electronic polarizabilities for the two types of nanotubes are computed and analyzed as functions of the tube radius and axial strain. The properties of armchair and zigzag nanotubes are almost the same, and isotropy is observed for radius up to 13 Å. Furthermore, the band gaps are sensitive to the effects of axial strain.
Validation of the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) to assess a deceased donor’s kidneys’ outcome in a European cohort
Authors: Dahmen Maximilian , Becker Felix , Pavenstädt Hermann , Suwelack Barbara , Schütte-Nütgen Katharina , Reuter Stefan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) was introduced in the United States in 2014 to guide the decision making of clinicians with respect to accepting or declining a donated kidney. To evaluate whether the KDPI can be applied to a European cohort, we retrospectively assessed 580 adult patients who underwent renal transplantation (brain-dead donors) between January 2007 and December 2014 at our center and compared their KDPIs with their short- and long-term outcomes. This led to the observation of two associations: one between the KDPI and the estimated glomerular filtration rate at one year (1-y-eGFR) and the other between the KDPI and the death-censored allograft survival rate (bothp < 0.001). Following this, the individual input factors of the KDPI were analyzed to assess their potential to evaluate the quality of a donor organ. We found that a donor’s age alone is significantly predictive in terms of 1-y-eGFR and death-censored allograft survival (bothp < 0.001). Therefore, a donor’s age may serve as a simple reference for future graft function. Furthermore, we found that an organ with a low KDPI or from a young donor has an improved graft survival rate whereas kidneys with a high KDPI or from an older donor yield an inferior performance, but they are still acceptable. Therefore, we would not encourage defining a distinct KDPI cut-off in the decision-making process of accepting or declining a kidney graft.
Nearly perfect near-infrared luminescence efficiency of Si nanocrystals: A comprehensive quantum yield study employing the Purcell effect
Authors: Valenta J. , Greben M. , Dyakov S. A. , Gippius N. A. , Hiller D. , Gutsch S. , Zacharias M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThin layers of silicon nanocrystals (SiNC) in oxide matrix with optimized parameters are fabricated by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. These materials with SiNC sizes of about 4.5 nm and the SiO2 barrier thickness of 3 nm reveal external quantum yield (QY) close to 50% which is near to the best chemically synthetized colloidal SiNC. Internal QY is determined using the Purcell effect, i.e. modifying radiative decay rate by the proximity of a high index medium in a special wedge-shape sample. For the first time we performed these experiments at variable temperatures. The complete optical characterization and knowledge of both internal and external QY allow to estimate the spectral distribution of the dark and bright NC populations within the SiNC ensemble. We show that SiNCs emitting at around 1.2–1.3 eV are mostly bright with internal QY reaching 80% at room temperature and being reduced by thermally activated non-radiative processes (below 100 K internal QY approaches 100%). The mechanisms of non-radiative decay are discussed based on their temperature dependence.
The role of chromatin dynamics under global warming response in the symbiotic coral model Aiptasia
Authors: Weizman Eviatar , Levy Oren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtreme weather events frequency and scale are altered due to climate change. Symbiosis between corals and their endosymbiotic-dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium) is susceptible to these events and can lead to what is known as bleaching. However, there is evidence for coral adaptive plasticity in the role of epigenetic that have acclimated to high-temperature environments. We have implemented ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to study the cnidarian-dinoflagellate model Exaptasia pallida (Aiptasia) and expose the role of chromatin-dynamics in response to thermal-stress. We have identified 1309 genomic sites that change their accessibility in response to thermal changes. Moreover, apo-symbiotic Aiptasia accessible sites were enriched with NFAT, ATF4, GATA3, SOX14, and PAX3 motifs and expressed genes related to immunological pathways. Symbiotic Aiptasia accessible sites were enriched with NKx3-1, HNF4A, IRF4 motifs and expressed genes related to oxidative-stress pathways. Our work opens a new path towards understanding thermal-stress gene regulation in association with gene activity and chromatin-dynamics.
Association ofIL-16gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Cheng Fangxiao , Liu Lu , Zhang Hongli , Zhu Yi , Li Xiaohua , Li Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to explore the genetic association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin-16 (IL-16) gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.Methods: In total, 133 T2DM patients and 127 healthy controls matched by age and gender were recruited in the case–control study. IL-16 gene rs4778889 and rs11556218 polymorphisms were genotyped in the two groups via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Differences in genotype and allele distributions between groups were compared by the χ2 test. All the comparisons were adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) by logistic regression. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association strength between IL-16 gene polymorphism and T2DM risk.Results: The TG genotype and G allele frequencies of rs11556218 increased remarkably in the case group than that in controls (45.86 vs 33.86%; 29.70 vs 20.87%), and the differences reached a significant level (P&lt;0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the differences still reached a significant level (P&lt;0.05). Rs11556218 TG genotype carriers had a 1.769-fold increased risk of developing T2DM (OR = 1.769, 95% CI = 1.045–2.994), and G allele was also associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR = 1.639, 95% CI = 1.087–2.471). IL-16 rs4778889 polymorphism showed no significant association with T2DM risk.Conclusion: IL-16 gene rs11556218 polymorphism was significantly associated with T2DM susceptibility in the Chinese Han population, while rs4778889 was not.
Mathematical model to estimate the maximum power output of a total cross tied connected PV array during partial shading condition
Authors: Changmai Papul , Nayak Sisir Kumar , Metya Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: August 2019

Estimation of the output power of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system during partial shading condition (PSC) is an interest of PV installers. Owing to the inclusion of a bypass diode, the occurrence of local and global maximum peak creates more difficulty in the calculation of maximum power output from a PV array. In this study, a mathematical model is established to estimate the percentage of degradation of a square total cross tied (TCT) connected PV array at different PSCs. By employing the proposed algorithm, it will be easier to estimate the maximum power point of a () TCT connected PV array during PSC without using any measuring instrument except for the measurement of irradiance and temperature. A better correlation is obtained when the output of the proposed model is compared with MATLAB simulated output. The output of the proposed model is compared with the experimental output performed on an array comprises of 3 W PV modules and the comparison shows the satisfactory result.
Assembly of spheroid-dominated galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
Authors: Rosito M. S. , Tissera P. B. , Pedrosa S. E. , Rosas-Guevara Y. 
Published: August 2019

Context. Despite the insights gained in the last few years, our knowledge about the formation and evolution scenario for the spheroid-dominated galaxies is still incomplete. New and more powerful cosmological simulations have been developed that together with more precise observations open the possibility of more detailed study of the formation of early-type galaxies (ETGs).Aims. The aim of this work is to analyse the assembly histories of ETGs in a Λ cold dark matter cosmology, focussing on the archeological approach given by the mass-growth histories.Methods. We inspected a sample of dispersion-dominated galaxies selected from the largest volume simulation of the EAGLE project. This simulation includes a variety of physical processes such as radiative cooling, star formation (SF), metal enrichment, and stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The selected sample comprised 508 spheroid-dominated galaxies classified according to their dynamical properties. Their surface brightness profile, the fundamental relations, kinematic properties, and stellar-mass growth histories are estimated and analysed. The findings are confronted with recent observations.Results. The simulated ETGs are found to globally reproduce the fundamental relations of ellipticals. All of them have an inner disc component where residual younger stellar populations (SPs) are detected. A correlation between the inner-disc fraction and the bulge-to-total ratio is reported. We find a relation between kinematics and shape that implies that dispersion-dominated galaxies with lowV/σL(whereVis the average rotational velocity andσLthe one dimensional velocity dispersion) tend to have ellipticity smaller than ∼0.5 and are dominated by old stars. On average, less massive galaxies host slightly younger stars. More massive spheroids show coeval SPs while for less massive galaxies (stellar masses lower than ∼1010 M⊙), there is a clear trend to have rejuvenated inner regions, showing an age gap between the inner and the outer regions up to ∼2 Gyr, in apparent contradiction with observational findings. We find evidences suggesting that both the existence of the disc components with SF activity in the inner region and the accretion of satellite galaxies in outer regions could contribute to the outside-in formation history in galaxies with low stellar mass. On the other hand, there are non-negligible uncertainties in the determination of the ages of old stars in observed galaxies. Stronger supernova (SN) feedback and/or the action of AGN feedback for galaxies with stellar masses lower than 1010 M⊙could contribute to prevent the SF in the inner regions.
The Hubble constant determined through an inverse distance ladder including quasar time delays and Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Taubenberger S. , Suyu S. H. , Komatsu E. , Jee I. , Birrer S. , Bonvin V. , Courbin F. , Rusu C. E. , Shajib A. J. , Wong K. C. 
Published: August 2019

Context.The precise determination of the present-day expansion rate of the Universe, expressed through the Hubble constantH0, is one of the most pressing challenges in modern cosmology. Assuming flat ΛCDM,H0inference at high redshift using cosmic microwave background data fromPlanckdisagrees at the 4.4σlevel with measurements based on the local distance ladder made up of parallaxes, Cepheids, and Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), often referred to as Hubble tension. Independent cosmological-model-insensitive ways to inferH0are of critical importance.Aims.We apply an inverse distance ladder approach, combining strong-lensing time-delay distance measurements with SN Ia data. By themselves, SNe Ia are merely good indicators of relative distance, but by anchoring them to strong gravitational lenses we can obtain anH0measurement that is relatively insensitive to other cosmological parameters.Methods.A cosmological parameter estimate was performed for different cosmological background models, both for strong-lensing data alone and for the combined lensing + SNe Ia data sets.Results.The cosmological-model dependence of strong-lensingH0measurements is significantly mitigated through the inverse distance ladder. In combination with SN Ia data, the inferredH0consistently lies around 73–74 km s−1Mpc−1, regardless of the assumed cosmological background model. Our results agree closely with those from the local distance ladder, but there is a > 2σtension withPlanckresults, and a ∼1.5σdiscrepancy with results from an inverse distance ladder includingPlanck, baryon acoustic oscillations, and SNe Ia. Future strong-lensing distance measurements will reduce the uncertainties inH0from our inverse distance ladder.
Direct observation of 2-dimensional ices on different surfaces near room temperature without confinement
Authors: Zhu Chongqin , Gao Yurui , Zhu Weiduo , Jiang Jian , Liu Jie , Wang Jianjun , Francisco Joseph S. , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Many metal surfaces can stabilize 2-dimensional (2D) water monolayers or various structures of 2D ices, depending on the temperature and metal surface structures. Understanding of 2D ice formation on different surfaces at the molecular level, however, remains incomplete. We report simulation evidence of 2D ice formation on various surfaces without confinement and dependence of the 2D structure of water on the hydrophobicity and structure of underlying surface. The direct transformation of water nanodroplets to different 2D ices is shown, either on a smooth model surface or on fcc-crystal surfaces near room temperature. Physical mechanism related to the formation of different 2D ices is elucidated, which offers deeper insight into how the 2D ice formation is related to the water–surface interactions.
Two distinct sources – one target
Authors: Diewald Gabriele , Stathi Katerina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCross-linguistic diachronic studies have focused on the parallel or divergent development of cognate or functionally equivalent items. This paper traces the diachronic convergent development of two unrelated items by means of a case study, the development of the German verbscheinen‘shine, emit light’ and Englishseem‘(originally) befit, beseem’. Despite their different source meanings, the two verbs have grammaticalized into evidential markers, as is evidenced by the constructionsscheinen+zu+ infinitive andseem+to+ infinitive. We use historical corpus data to show that the two verbs have converged both semantically and syntactically. Semantically the verbs converge when they acquire the sense ‘appear, become visible’, a well-known source of evidentials. Syntactically,scheinenandseemcome to occur in the same range of constructional patterns. This development is more advanced in English, so that it is ahead of German by at least four centuries.
A Monte Carlo based radiation response modelling framework to assess variability of clinical RBE in proton therapy
Authors: Eulitz J , Lutz B , Wohlfahrt P , Dutz A , Enghardt W , Karpowitz C , Krause M , Troost E G C , Lühr A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The clinical implementation of a variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in proton therapy is currently controversially discussed. Initial clinical evidence indicates a variable proton RBE, which needs to be verified. In this study, a radiation response modelling framework for assessing clinical RBE variability is established. It was applied to four selected glioma patients (grade III) treated with adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy and who developed late morphological image changes on T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1w-CE) magnetic resonance (MR) images within approximately two years of recurrence-free follow-up. The image changes were correlated voxelwise with dose and linear energy transfer (LET) values using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The regression models were evaluated by the area-under-the-curve (AUC) method performing a leave-one-out cross validation. The tolerance dose TD50 at which 50% of patient voxels experienced toxicity was interpolated from the models. A Monte Carlo (MC) model was developed to simulate dose and LET distributions, which includes variance reduction (VR) techniques to decrease computation time. Its reliability and accuracy were evaluated based on dose calculations of the clinical treatment planning system (TPS) as well as absolute dose measurements performed in the patient specific quality assurance.
Morphological image changes were related to a combination of dose and LET. The multivariable models revealed cross-validated AUC values of up to 0.88. The interpolated TD50 curves decreased with increasing LET indicating an increase in biological effectiveness. The MC model reliably predicted average TPS dose within the clinical target volume as well as absolute water phantom dose measurements within 2% accuracy using dedicated VR settings.
The observed correlation of dose and LET with late brain tissue damage suggests considering RBE variability for predicting chronic radiation-induced brain toxicities. The MC model simulates radiation fields in patients precisely and time-efficiently. Hence, this study encourages and enables in-depth patient evaluation to assess the variability of clinical proton RBE.
Simulations and measurements of friction in oscillating flow
Authors: Hamran K A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rapid changes in the operating point of a hydropower plant cause transients in the hydraulic system. The flow will oscillate between the surge shaft and the reservoir until the oscillations are damped out by the friction. This paper investigates different friction models for oscillating flow, such as a quasi-steady model, Vítkovský’s model, and a one-term model. The governing equations for transient flow were solved by using rigid water column theory. The simulations were compared with experimental results from a small-scale test rig. The test rig consisted of a small reservoir, a horizontal pipe, and a surge shaft. The oscillations were induced by closing a valve downstream of the surge shaft. Measurements were obtained with pressure transducers.