bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic order in nanogranular iron germanium (Fe0.53Ge0.47) films
Authors: Zielinski Ruthi , Nguyen Nhat , Herrington Bryce , Tarkian Amir , Taha Omar , Chin Wai Kiat , Mahmood Ather , Chen Xiaoqian , Klewe Christoph , Shafer Padraic , Ciston Jim , Ashby Paul , Mazzoli Claudio , Streubel Robert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study the effect of strain on the magnetic properties and magnetization configurations in nanogranular Fe
x
Ge

1
−
x

films (

x
=
0.53
±
0.05

) with and without B20 FeGe nanocrystals surrounded by an amorphous structure. Relaxed films on amorphous silicon nitride membranes reveal a disordered skyrmion phase while films near and on top of a rigid substrate favor ferromagnetism and an anisotropic hybridization of Fe d levels and spin-polarized Ge sp band states. The weakly coupled topological states emerge at room temperature and become more abundant at cryogenic temperatures without showing indications of pinning at defects or confinement to individual grains. These results demonstrate the possibility to control magnetic exchange and topological magnetism by strain and inform magnetoelasticity-mediated voltage control of topological phases in amorphous quantum materials.
From weak- to strong-coupling superconductivity in the AlB2-type solid solution SrGa1−xAlxGe with honeycomb layers
Authors: Walicka Dorota I , Blacque Olivier , Klimczuk Tomasz , von Rohr Fabian O 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report on the structure and the superconducting properties of 9-electron 111 compounds with honeycomb layers, namely SrGaGe, SrAlGe, and the SrGa

1
−
x

Al
x
Ge solid solution. By means of single-crystal x-ray diffraction we show that, on one hand, SrGaGe crystallizes into the centrosymmetric P6/mmm space group (a = 4.2555(2) Å, c = 4.7288(2) Å) with statistical disorder in the [GaGe]

6

2
−

honeycomb layers. On the other hand, we confirm that SrAlGe crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group, namely P

6
¯

m2 (a = 4.2942(1) Å, c = 4.7200(2) Å) with fully ordered [AlGe]

6

2
−

honeycomb layers. By using magnetization and specific heat measurements, we show that the superconducting properties of SrGaGe and SrAlGe differ significantly from each other. SrGaGe is a superconductor with a critical temperature of

T

c

= 2.6 K falling into the weak coupling limit, while SrAlGe has a

T
c

= 6.7 K and can be classified in the strong coupling limit. By realizing the SrGa

1
−
x

Al
x
Ge solid solution, we were able to investigate the transition between the different crystal structures as well as the evolution of the electronic properties. We show that the transition from the weak-to strong-coupling superconductivity in this system is likely associated with the disorder-to-order transition of the honeycomb layer, along with the loss of the inversion center in the crystal structure.
Archival records housed at USTUR support radium dial worker dosimetry
Authors: Martinez Nicole E , Jokisch Derek W , Mumma Michael , Tolmachev Sergey Y , Avtandilashvili Maia , Tabatadze George , Leggett Rich , Samuels Caleigh , Golden Ashley , Howard Sara , Dauer L , Boice Jr. John D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The American radium dial worker (RDW) cohort of over 3,200 persons is being revisited as part of the Million Person Study (MPS) to include a modern approach to RDW dosimetry. An exceptional source of data and contextualization in this project is an extensive collection of electronic records (requiring 43 gigabytes (GB) of storage) digitized from existing microfilm and microfiche housed at the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR). Although the type, extent, and quality (e.g., legibility) of record(s) varies between individuals, the remarkable occupational, medical and demographic data include in vivo radiation measurements (e.g., radon breath, whole body counts), autopsy results, medical records (including copies of radiographs), interviews over the years, and correspondence. Of particular dosimetric interest are the details of radiation measurements. For example, there are some instances where hand-written and transcribed values are both available, along with notes providing context for why a particular measurement in a time series of measurements was chosen to assign an intake, or if there were concerns about a particular measurement. Born prior to 1935, RDW have nearly all passed away. Thus, the updated dosimetry, especially for the bone, will allow the correlation of lifetime cumulative dose with radiation risk. Here we review typical information available in this collection of historical records, highlighting some interesting finds, and discuss the relevance to current and ongoing work related to updating the dosimetry of the RDW in the Million Person Study, including providing an example of the usefulness of information contained in these records.
MoS2/porous carbon nanofiber heterostructures for efficient evaporation-driven generators
Authors: Ma Haoyu , Zhou Zhicheng , Chen Fengnan , Li Lutao , Wang Ruonan , Ye Yaqi , Li Jiating , Zou Guifu , Zhu Juntong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Evaporation power generators (EPGs) based on natural water evaporation can directly convert heat energy from the surrounding environment into electrical energy. Nevertheless, the commercialization of EPGs faces challenges due to the low charge generation and transport efficiency of single material systems, leading to unsatisfactory open-circuit voltages and short-circuit currents. Here, we systematically prepared molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)/porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF) heterogeneous systems by electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. Electron microscope measurements have confirmed the uniform coating of high-crystalline quality MoS2 nanosheets on PCNF fabrics, and the uneven concave–convex surface increased the specific surface area. MoS2 covered PCNF fabrics retained excellent hydrophilicity, which was suitable for absorbing water and keeping the surface wet during long-term evaporation. Moreover, layered MoS2 with rich surface charge improved the charge transfer of the MoS2/PCNF fabrics. As a result, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the EPGs fabricated with MoS2/PCNF fabrics were enhanced to 0.25 V and 75 μA, respectively, in comparison to those based on PCNF fabrics, which demonstrated that the MoS2 coatings improved the interaction area with water and the charge transfer effect of the EPGs. This heterogeneous combination strategy provides ideas for the preparation of high-performance EPG materials.
Nanoimprinting and backside ultraviolet lithography for fabricating metal nanostructures with higher aspect ratio
Authors: Ding Yu-Chun , Lee Yung-Chun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative approach to increasing the aspect ratio of metal nanostructures fabricated using nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Although conventional NIL and metal lift-off processes can fabricate metal nanostructures, the achievable aspect ratio is often limited by the inherent constraints of NIL. In this study, we demonstrate that for an ultraviolet (UV) transparent substrate, metal nanostructures patterned via NIL can serve as a photomask. A negative-tone photoresist (PR) layer was then deposited on top of the patterned metal nanostructures. By illuminating the substrate from the backside with UV light and subsequently developing the PR, PR structures complementary and self-aligned to the metal layer were obtained. This enabled a second round of metal deposition and lift-off, thereby increasing the height of the metal structures and enhancing the aspect ratio. Experimentally, we demonstrated that this method can improve the aspect ratio from less than 1.0 to as high as 2.1. This paper also addresses the further developments and potential applications of this technique.
High performance and nearly wake-up free Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric capacitor realized by middle layer strategy with BEOL compatibility
Authors: Liu Yin-Chi , Xie Gen-Ran , Yang Ji-Ning , Zhang Hao , Golosov Dmitriy Anatolyevich , Gu Chenjie , Zhu Bao , Wu Xiaohan , Lu Hong-Liang , Ding Shi-Jin , Liu Wenjun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) has drawn great attention owing to its excellent ferroelectricity, sub-10 nm scalability, and CMOS compatibility. With regard to increasingly restrict thermal budget and power consumption, conventional HZO films need further optimization to meet these demands. Here, we propose a middle layer (ML) strategy aiming to enhance ferroelectricity and inhibit wake-up effect of ferroelectric (FE) capacitors compatible with back-end of line under the low operating electric field. ZrO2, HfO2, and Al2O3 were integrated into HZO film as different MLs. Among them, the device with ZrO2 ML achieves the excellent double remnant polarization (2P
r) of 41.7 μC cm−2 under the operating electric field of 2 MV cm–1. Moreover, ultralow wake-up ratios of around 0.08 and 0.05 were observed under 2 MV cm–1 and 3 MV cm–1, respectively. Additionally, the FE capacitor with ZrO2 ML demonstrated an enhanced reliability characterizations, including a stable 2P
r of 40.7 μC cm–2 after 4.3 × 109 cycles. This work provides the perspective to optimize both the ferroelectricity and reliability, while maintains the ultralow wake-up ratio in HfO2-based FE through ML engineering.
Photoinduced modulation and the effect of CNT loading on field effect transistor characteristics of CNT/ZnO/PVDF composite
Authors: Bisht Bhanu Prakash , Toutam Vijaykumar , Dhakate Sanjay R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/ZnO/ polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer composite phototransistor is studied for the effect of CNT loading and the photoinduced modulation on its transfer characteristics. XRD study shows that the induced strain in the composite is due to the addition of CNT to the ZnO/PVDF composite. The percentage of β-phase present in PVDF is estimated through Raman spectroscopy and the composite’s spectral response is determined by UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy. From the DC electrical conductivity study it is found that the percolation threshold for the composites is obtained for 0.3 wt% of CNT, and 0.44 wt % of CNT loading makes the composite conductive. On adding 1 wt% of CNT, the electrical conductivity of the ZnO/PVDF composite increases 40 times (∼0.2 μS m−1). The temperature-dependent DC conductivity shows that the conductivity of the composites changes from variable range hopping to band conductance upon an increase in CNT loading above the percolation threshold and exhibits a negative temperature coefficient. Two terminal photoconductivity studies are done to understand the photo enhancement and sensitivity of all the devices. PE hysteresis studies show that the polarization of the composites increases drastically from 0.05 μC cm−2 below the percolation threshold to 10–30 μC cm−2 above the percolation threshold of CNT in the composite. To study the effect of interfacial polarization on photoconductivity, the composite is studied in a three-terminal device format using SiO2 as a gate dielectric. A band diagram analysis of the oxide-composite and CNT/ZnO interface is done to understand the mechanism behind the photoinduced field effect on transfer characteristics and the effect of CNT loading. The switching behavior and decay time under UV illumination are studied to understand the effect of CNT loading and photoinduced polarization. The persistent photoconductivity decreases and the charge collection efficiency of the FET increases as the CNT loading increases.
Tunable photo-response in the visible to NIR spectrum range of Germanium-based junctionless nanowire transistor
Authors: Sharma Vikash , Kumar Nitish , Sharma Sumit , Singh Pushpapraj , Gupta Ankur , Das Samaresh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the phototransistor behavior is investigated in the germanium-on-insulator (GeOI)-based junctionless nanowire (JL-NW) transistor under various light conditions. High responsivity and photosensitivity are attributed in the fully depleted regime within the visible and near-infrared bands. The impact of light is also investigated in detail on the electronic and transfer characteristics such as energy bandgap, carrier distribution, electrostatic potential, electric field, generation and recombination rates. Further, the channel doping and thickness are tuned to optimize the optical responsivity. The significant tunability of responsivity is observed with increasing channel thickness. The device exhibits fast optical switching performance, which is further enhanced at higher input light power. Overall, at the nanoscale dimension, our proposed phototransistor demonstrates better detectivity with a significantly smaller illumination area. Thus, the GeOI-based JL-NW phototransistors can be used for imaging (visible wavelength range) and bioimaging (near-infrared wavelength range) applications in advanced technology nodes.
Weighted twisted inhomogeneous diophantine approximation
Authors: Hussain Mumtaz , Ward Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We prove a multidimensional weighted analogue of the well-known theorem of Kurzweil (1955) in the metric theory of inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation. Let

∑

i
=
1

m

α

i

=

m

and

|
⋅

|

α

=

max

1
⩽
i
⩽
m

|

⋅

|

1

/

α

i

. Given an n-tuple of monotonically decreasing functions

Ψ
=

(

ψ

1

,
…
,

ψ

n

)

with

ψ

i

:

R

+

→

R

+

such that each

ψ
i

(
r
)
→
0

as

r
→
∞

and fixed

A
∈

R

n
×
m

define

W

A

(
Ψ
)

:=

{

b

∈

[
0
,
1
]

n

:

|

A

i

⋅
q
−

b

i

−

p

i

|

<

ψ

i

(

|

q

|

α

)

(
1
⩽
i
⩽
n
)

,

for infinitely many

(

p

,
q
)

∈

Z

n

×

(

Z

m

∖

{
0
}

)

}

.

We prove that the set

W

A

(
Ψ
)

has zero-full Lebesgue measure under convergent–divergent sum conditions with some mild assumptions on A and the approximating functions Ψ. We also prove the Hausdorff dimension results for this set. Along with some geometric arguments, the main ingredients are the weighted ubiquity and weighted mass transference principle introduced recently by Kleinbock & Wang (2023 Adv. Math.
428 109154), and Wang & Wu (2021 Math. Ann.
381 243–317) respectively.
Initial results of the Hyperion IID PET insert for simultaneous PET-MRI applied to atherosclerotic plaque imaging in New-Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Gebhardt P , Lavin B , Phinikaridou A , MacKewn J , Henningsson M , Schug D , Salomon A , Marsden P K , Schulz V , Botnar R M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. In preclinical research, in vivo imaging of mice and rats is more common than any other animal species, since their physiopathology is very well-known and many genetically altered disease models exist. Animal studies based on small rodents are usually performed using dedicated preclinical imaging systems with high spatial resolution. For studies that require animal models such as mini-pigs or New-Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, imaging systems with larger bore sizes are required. In case of hybrid imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), clinical systems have to be used, as these animal models do not typically fit in preclinical simultaneous PET-MRI scanners. Approach. In this paper, we present initial imaging results obtained with the Hyperion IID PET insert which can accommodate NZW rabbits when combined with a large volume MRI RF coil. First, we developed a rabbit-sized image quality phantom of comparable size to a NZW rabbit in order to evaluate the PET imaging performance of the insert under high count rates. For this phantom, radioactive spheres with inner diameters between 3.95 and

7.86

mm were visible in a warm background with a tracer activity ratio of 4.1 to 1 and with a total 18F activity in the phantom of

58

MBq at measurement start. Second, we performed simultaneous PET-MR imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit in vivo using a single injection containing 18F-FDG for detection of inflammatory activity, and Gd-ESMA for visualization of the aortic vessel wall and plaques with MRI. Main results. The fused PET-MR images reveal 18F-FDG uptake within an active plaques with plaque thicknesses in the sub-millimeter range. Histology showed colocalization of 18F-FDG uptake with macrophages in the aortic vessel wall lesions. Significance. Our initial results demonstrate that this PET insert is a promising system for simultaneous high-resolution PET-MR atherosclerotic plaque imaging studies in NZW rabbits.
A hybrid summation and multiplication displacement amplification mechanism for piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Wang Qihua , Gu Yuheng , Gao Hongchen , Ling Mingxiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper reports a novel amplified piezoelectric actuator featuring compliant displacement amplification mechanism of hybrid summation and multiplication. The hybrid amplification mechanism uses the concept of nesting a pair of Scott–Russell linkages into a toggle linkage to realize the hybrid amplification functions of summation and multiplication. Also, compliant amplification mechanisms with double output ports are designed, enhancing the flexibility of designs and applications. The hybrid displacement amplification principle is mathematically explained in detail. It is demonstrated based on finite element simulations that the displacement amplification ratio, output stiffness and resonance frequency of the proposed hybrid amplification mechanism of summation and multiplication outperform those of the classic rhombus-type and bridge-type compliant mechanisms. The experimental testing results of a prototype show that the amplified piezoelectric actuator is capable of providing 315 μm strokes with the displacement amplification ratio of 16.2. The fundamental resonance frequency with piezoelectric stacks mounted is 1218 Hz. Comparison to typical designs in literature shows well comprehensive performances of statics and dynamics, verifying the advantages of such a hybrid amplification mechanism of summation and multiplication.
Review on high-temperature superconducting trapped field magnets
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Hongye , Hao Luning , Coombs Tim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Superconducting (SC) magnets can generate exceptionally high magnetic fields and can be employed in various applications to enhance system power density. In contrast to conventional coil-based SC magnets, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) trapped field magnets (TFMs), namely HTS trapped field bulks (TFBs) and trapped field stacks (TFSs), can eliminate the need for continuous power supply or current leads during operation and thus can function as super permanent magnets. TFMs can potentially trap very high magnetic fields, with the highest recorded trapped field reaching 17.89 T, achieved by TFSs. TFMs find application across diverse fields, including rotating machinery, magnetic bearings, energy storage flywheels, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, a systematic review of the advancement of TFMs over the last decade remains lacking, which is urgently needed by industry, especially in response to the global net zero target. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of TFMs, including simulation methods, experimental studies, fabrication techniques, magnetisation processes, applications, and demagnetisation issues. Several respects have been elucidated in detail to enhance the understanding of TFMs, encompassing the formation of TFBs and TFSs, trapped field patterns, enhancement of trapped field strength through pulsed field magnetisation, as well as their applications such as SC rotating machines, levitation, and Halbach arrays. Challenges such as demagnetisation, mechanical failure, and thermal instability have been illuminated, along with proposed mitigation measures. The different roles of ferromagnetic materials in improving the trapped field during magnetisation and in reducing demagnetisation have also been summarised. It is believed that this review article can provide a useful reference for the theoretical analysis, manufacturing, and applications of TFMs within various domains such as materials science, power engineering, and clean energy conversion.
Significant enhancement in the conductivity of highly transparent PEDOT:PSS thin film through maleic acid treatment
Authors: Sau Sanjib , Kundu Sarathi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, a conducting polymer) thin film is enhanced by simply maleic acid treatment. Here, we have investigated the conductivity enhancement with the variation of maleic acid concentration. The conductivity enhances up to 1.0 M maleic acid concentration and decreases afterward. The optimum conductivity is obtained as 9.35 S cm–1, which is nearly 263 times more compared to the pristine PEDOT:PSS film. The conductivity of the film also depends upon the treating temperature. Therefore, the effect of different treating temperatures on the conductivity enhancement is studied, and the optimum temperature is found to be 140 °C. Maleic acid-treated PEDOT:PSS films also exhibit high transmittances, i.e., ≈ 90%–84% in the visible region. The mechanism related to the conductivity enhancement and other related information are collected through different spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. Besides, frequency-dependant impedance and electrochemical activity of maleic acid-treated PEDOT:PSS films are also performed. The interaction of maleic acid with PEDOT:PSS promotes the reduction of ionic interaction between PEDOT and PSS chains, resulting in the phase separation between PEDOT and PSS. As a result, the PSS– turn into neutral PSSH and are rinsed away by water, which supports the morphological change and the conductivity enhancement due to the conformational change of coil-like PEDOTs to elongated and better-connected PEDOT chains.
A variational quantum algorithm for the Poisson equation based on the banded Toeplitz systems
Authors: Liu Xiaoqi , Qu Yuedi , Li Ming , Shen Shu-Qian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To solve the Poisson equation it is usually possible to discretize it into solving the corresponding linear system Ax = b. Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) for the discretized Poisson equation have been studied before. We present a VQA based on the banded Toeplitz systems for solving the Poisson equation with respect to the structural features of matrix A. In detail, we decompose the matrices A and A
2 into a linear combination of the corresponding banded Toeplitz matrix and sparse matrices with only a few non-zero elements. For the one-dimensional Poisson equation with different boundary conditions and the d-dimensional Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions, the number of decomposition terms is less than that reported in [Phys. Rev. A 2023 108, 032 418 ]. Based on the decomposition of the matrix, we design quantum circuits that efficiently evaluate the cost function. Additionally, numerical simulation verifies the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the VQAs for linear systems of equations and matrix-vector multiplications with the K-banded Toeplitz matrix T

n

K
are given, where

T

n

K

∈

R

n
×
n

and

K
∈
O
(
ploylog
n
)

.