bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of a Long-term Infectious Diseases Consultation and Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at a Japanese Cancer Center: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Itoh Naoya , Akazawa-Kai Nana , Yamaguchi Makoto , Kawabata Takanori 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with cancer are particularly susceptible to developing drug-resistant organisms due to the high frequency of infections during cancer treatment and the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Therefore, patients with cancer are ideal candidates for an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP); however, no established ASPs specifically target these patients. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a 46-month ASP intervention and infectious diseases consultation using a unique antimicrobial quality measure.

Methods
Our single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted from 1 April 2018 to 31 January 2024 and evaluated 2 phases: preintervention (antimicrobial notification by the infection control team) and postintervention (implementation of ASP and establishment of the infectious diseases consultation service).

Results
The days of therapy (DOT) for 3 intravenous carbapenems significantly decreased, and the DOT of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials significantly increased after the intervention. A significant reduction was observed in the length of hospital stay, with no change in the incidence of hospital-acquired resistant microorganisms. All-cause in-hospital mortality rates and the 30-day mortality rate among patients with bacteremia episodes were numerically reduced, although not significantly, compared to the preintervention period. The rate of appropriate use of antimicrobial agents increased significantly during the late postintervention period (1 April 2021 to 31 January 2024).

Conclusions
Our intervention was associated with the promotion of appropriate use of antimicrobial agents and a reduction in the length of hospital stay. These findings can help establish safer cancer treatments and improve patient prognosis.
Infectivity and Immunogenicity of Live-Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Exposed Uninfected Children
Authors: Kelly Matthew S , Cunningham Coleen K , McFarland Elizabeth J , Giganti Mark J , Lindsey Jane C , Perlowski Charlotte , Libous Jennifer L , Jean-Philippe Patrick , Moye Jack , Karron Ruth A , Collins Peter L , Buchholz Ursula J ,   for the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) P1114, 2000, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2018 Study Teams, Yogev Ram , Chadwick Ellen , Cooper Ellen , Rutstein Richard , Spearman Paul , Camacho-Gonzalez Andres , Karron Ruth , Wiznia Andrew , Dobroszycki Joanna , Aziz Mariam , Patel Nehali , Nachman Sharon , Shearer William , Paul Mary , Deville Jaime , Spector Stephen , McFarland Elizabeth , Cielo Mikhaela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness among young children. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed, uninfected (HEU) children experience a higher burden of RSV disease and have immune abnormalities that may influence their responses to live-attenuated RSV vaccines.

Methods
In a pooled analysis of clinical trials of 7 live-attenuated, intranasal RSV vaccines conducted by the IMPAACT Network among children 6 to &lt;25 months of age with serum RSV-neutralizing titers of &lt;1:40, the infectivity and immunogenicity of these vaccines were compared among HEU and HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children. Nasal washes were collected during the first 28 days after vaccination. Serum RSV-neutralizing and anti-RSV F glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured prior to and 56 days after vaccination, and before and after the following winter season.

Results
Of 156 children, 90 (58%) were HUU and 66 (42%) were HEU. Seventy-six (84%) HUU and 63 (95%) HEU participants were infected with vaccine (shed vaccine virus and/or had a ≥4-fold rise in serum RSV antibodies at 56 days after vaccination). HUU children had higher serum RSV-neutralizing and anti-RSV F IgG titers prior to vaccination. Compared to HEU children, lower percentages of HUU children had ≥4-fold rises in RSV-neutralizing (67% vs 88%) and anti-RSV F IgG (70% vs 89%) titers at 56 days after vaccination.

Conclusions
Live-attenuated RSV vaccines are highly immunogenic in HEU children. Given their increased burden of RSV disease and higher early childhood mortality in some settings, HEU children should be prioritized for vaccination against RSV as these vaccines become available.
The FERONIA-RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 module regulates vascular immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Wang Bingqian , Luo Cailin , Li Xiaoxu , Jimenez Alvaro , Cai Jun , Chen Jia , Li Changsheng , Zhang Chunhui , Ou Lijun , Pu Wenxuan , Peng Yu , Zhang Zhenchen , Cai Yong , Valls Marc , Wu Dousheng , Yu Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Some pathogens colonize plant leaves, but others invade the roots, including the vasculature, causing severe disease symptoms. Plant innate immunity has been extensively studied in leaf pathosystems; however, the precise regulation of immunity against vascular pathogens remains largely unexplored. We previously demonstrated that loss of function of the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) increases plant resistance to the typical vascular bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Here, we show that upon infection with R. solanacearum, root xylem cell walls in Arabidopsis thaliana become highly lignified. FER is specifically upregulated in the root xylem in response to R. solanacearum infection, and inhibits lignin biosynthesis and resistance to this pathogen. We determined that FER interacts with and phosphorylates the transcription factor RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (RD26), leading to its degradation. Overexpression and knockout of RD26 demonstrated that it positively regulates plant resistance to R. solanacearum by directly activating the expression of lignin-related genes. Tissue-specific expression of RD26 in the root xylem confirmed its role in vascular immunity. We confirmed that the FER–RD26 module regulates lignin biosynthesis and resistance against R. solanacearum in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Taken together, our findings unveil that the FER–RD26 cascade governs plant immunity against R. solanacearum in vascular tissues by regulating lignin deposition. This cascade may represent a key defense mechanism against vascular pathogens in plants.
Perceptions of officers’ occupational identity management strategies in police–civilian interactions: does race play a role?
Authors: Chatterjee Deepshikha , Ryan Ann Marie , Den Houter Kate M , Bradburn Jacob 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When learning about tense police–civilian interactions, observers form perceptions of police officers and their identity management strategies. In an experimental study, how the identity management strategies used by White and Black male officers’ impact others’ ratings of competence, warmth, and appropriateness of actions is assessed. Utilizing a 2 × 2 × 4 design, officer race, civilian race, and the identity management strategy used by an officer were manipulated in a news article discussing policing–civilian interaction. We found that White officers, compared to Black officers, were rated lower on competence when participants were presented with a scenario where a civilian was described as resisting arrest. Black officers were rated as more competent than White officers when the civilian was White, but as similarly competent when the civilian was Black. There are differences in how police officers are viewed in terms of their warmth and competence based on who they police, their own race, and the identity management strategies they choose to engage with civilians. No significant differences were found for perceived appropriateness of actions. The current research offers insight into how officers’ attempts to manage their identities can influence observers’ perceptions of officer competence and warmth.
The screening and management of skin diseases in remote African regions: a narrative review
Authors: Mugisha Nadine , Ghanem Laura , Komi Omar A I , Manoel Agnes Zanotto , Shariff Sanobar , Wojtara Magda , Uwishema Olivier 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Skin diseases in remote African regions are often exacerbated due to a lack of resources and expertise with little current research addressing the challenges that patients and healthcare systems experience. Although skin diseases in remote African regions are prevalent and pose a substantial health burden, they remain neglected and understudied. This review aims to explore current challenges in the diagnosis and management of skin diseases in African regions and focus on the need for enhanced understanding and improved healthcare strategies.

Methods
We reviewed papers that were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant academic search sites to analyze the prevalence, screening techniques, as well as management strategies and obstacles associated with dermatological diseases in remote African regions.

Results
Current literature suggests there is indeed a high prevalence of skin diseases where other infections are predominant. Further, different factors, such as socioeconomic status and environmental conditions, make it challenging for optimal screening and treatment of skin diseases in remote African regions. Common screening methods for skin diseases involve clinical examination and laboratory tests, while management includes pharmacotherapy, surgery, and counseling approaches. Overall, access to medications and adequate healthcare services remains limited.

Conclusion
Early diagnosis and management of skin diseases in remote African regions have significant challenges, including a lack of funding for dermatology, education, and research. Future promising strategies such as teledermatology, point-of-care diagnostic technologies, and task shifting show promise in improving access to care. However, there is a need for sustained efforts to address the underlying socioeconomic factors and improve healthcare delivery in remote African regions.
Long-Term Investors, Demand Shifts, and Yields
Authors: Jansen Kristy A E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I exploit a Dutch reform in the regulatory discount curve that makes the liabilities of pension funds and insurance companies (P&Is) more sensitive to changes in 20-year interest rates but less so to longer maturity rates. Following the reform, P&Is reduced their longest maturity bond holdings but increased those with 20-year maturities, steepening the long end of the yield curve. Using the reform as a shock to identify price elasticities of demand at the sector level based on holdings across maturity buckets and time, I show that banks are more price elastic than other investors and absorb demand shocks.
Robustness of divergence time estimation despite gene tree estimation error: a case study of fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Authors: Höhna Sebastian , Lower Sarah E , Duchen Pablo , Catalán Ana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Genomic data have become ubiquitous in phylogenomic studies, including divergence time estimation, but provide new challenges. These challenges include, among others, biological gene tree discordance, methodological gene tree estimation error, and computational limitations on performing full Bayesian inference under complex models. In this study, we use a recently published firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) anchored hybrid enrichment data set (AHE; 436 loci for 88 Lampyridae species and 10 outgroup species) as a case study to explore gene tree estimation error and the robustness of divergence time estimation. First, we explored the amount of model violation using posterior predictive simulations because model violations are likely to bias phylogenetic inferences and produce gene tree estimation error. We specifically focused on missing data (either uniformly distributed or systematically) and the distribution of highly variable and conserved sites (either uniformly distributed or clustered). Our assessment of model adequacy showed that standard phylogenetic substitution models are not adequate for any of the 436 AHE loci. We tested if the model violations and alignment errors resulted indeed in gene tree estimation error by comparing the observed gene tree discordance to simulated gene tree discordance under the multispecies coalescent model. Thus, we show that the inferred gene tree discordance is not only due to biological mechanism but primarily due to inference errors. Lastly, we explored if divergence time estimation is robust despite the observed gene tree estimation error. We selected four subsets of the full AHE data set, concatenated each subset and performed a Bayesian relaxed clock divergence estimation in RevBayes. The estimated divergence times overlapped for all nodes that are shared between the topologies. Thus, divergence time estimation is robust using any well selected data subset as long as the topology inference is robust.
The impact of cooling and Moringa supplementation on oxidative stress in serum and milk, including milk cytokines, in heat stressed lactating sows and their litters
Authors: Ogundare Wonders O , Beckett Linda M , Reis Leriana G , Stansberry McKeeley C , Roberts Sydney N , Anele Uchenna Y , Schinckel Allan P , Casey Theresa M , Minor Radiah C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heat stress (HS) poses a significant challenge to the United States swine industry. Sows and their piglets are particularly vulnerable to HS, as the periparturient phase is characterized by heightened metabolism and increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The study examined the effects of using conductive electronic cooling pads (ECP) and dietary supplementation with 4% Moringa (M) leaf powder on controlling oxidative stress and inflammation caused by HS in sows and their piglets. Forty-eight late gestation sows were assigned to four treatment groups: HS-fed corn–soybean meal (HS + CS), ECP-fed corn–soybean meal (ECP + CS), HS + M, and ECP + M. Blood was collected from sows on gestation (G) day 112, and lactation (L) day 14 and L20, and from piglets (2 males and 2 females) in each litter on postnatal (PN) day 1 and PN20. Colostrum was collected within 2h of birth of the first neonate, and mature milk was collected on L14. Piglet fecal samples were collected on PN14 to measure calprotectin concentration as a marker of intestinal inflammation. Biological antioxidant potential (BAP), derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs). and oxidative stress index (OSi) were measured in blood and milk samples using a Free Radical Elective Evaluator. Milk samples pooled by day of lactation and treatment group were analyzed using cytokine array. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in colostrum were affected by Moringa supplementation and cooling, but not mature milk. Notably, the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1ra were 2.14 and 1.57 Log2 higher in the colostrum of HS + M compared to other groups. The OSi of colostrum was higher (P = 0.0002) than mature milk. Level of BAP in sow serum was greater in ECP + CS and HS + M (P = 0.0291) compared to other groups. Moringa had an overall effect of increasing dROMs (P = 0.0035) and levels of OSi were lowest in ECP + CS (P = 0.0296) sow serum. Treatments did not affect piglet serum oxidative index (P &gt; 0.05) or calprotectin levels (P &gt; 0.05). Findings support further studies to investigate the efficacy of using ECP and Moringa supplementation to mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress imposed by heat stress conditions in lactating sows.
Identification of novel transcription factors regulated by H3K27 acetylation in myogenic differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells
Authors: Zhou Peng , Wang Wenxuan , Li Jingjin , Zheng Zhuqing , Du Xiaoyong , Fu Liangliang , Li Xinyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractH3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) is crucial in muscle development as it regulates gene expression. Dysregulation of H3K27ac level has been linked to muscle‐related diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, yet the mechanisms through which H3K27ac influences myogenic differentiation are not fully understood. Here, we utilized the SGC‐CBP30 drug, a CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibitor, to reduce H3K27ac level and investigated its effect on myogenic differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. The results demonstrated an increased H3K27ac level during normal muscle satellite cell differentiation. We found that the addition of SGC‐CBP30 resulted in a reduced level of H3K27ac based on ATAC‐seq and CUT&Tag data. Our analysis revealed that a cluster characterized by reduced levels of H3K27ac and increased levels of H3K27me3 was enriched with motifs corresponding to Bach2, MafK, and Fosl2 transcription factors. Furthermore, knockdown of Bach2, MafK, and Fosl2 produced a similar suppression effect on myogenic differentiation. Taken together, our study contributes to a better understanding of how H3K27ac influences myogenic differentiation.
Reigniting the Flame: An Exploration of Flow in Surgery
Authors: McQueen Sydney A. , Hammond Melanie , McParland Aidan L. , Sonnadara Ranil R. , Moulton Carol-anne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Although distress and burnout in medical practice are widely acknowledged, less attention has been paid to the positive experiences that help keep physicians engaged. Cognitive flow (being “in the zone”) is an intrinsically rewarding state in which individuals feel challenged and focused. To date, academic investigations of flow have largely been limited to the cognitive aspects of the phenomenon, limiting understanding of other elements, such as practice culture and environment. This study examines flow in surgical practice through a multifaceted lens.

Method
Guided by a constructivist grounded theory approach, semistructured interviews were conducted from June 2018 to May 2021 with staff surgeons at the University of Toronto. Purposive sampling was used to include a range of surgical disciplines and experience levels to produce a conceptual framework that captures the multifaceted experience of flow.

Results
Twenty staff surgeons from diverse specialties participated. A conceptual framework was developed for illustrating the different facets of flow, including the traditional view (cognitive) and an expanded view (physiologic, physical, affective, social, cultural, and environmental facets). Through the cognitive lens, participants appreciated how they could achieve the necessary mindset to experience flow and enjoy their work. The ability to feel in control, use creative approaches to solve problems, and possess the agency to continue to learn and improve invoked positive feelings about their work and practice. In the expanded view, it became evident that experiences of flow were much more multifaceted and complex. Beyond the individual, aspects such as the sociocultural environment shaped and comprised key aspects of the flow experience that surgeons found truly meaningful in their practice.

Conclusions
Appreciating flow as a multifaceted phenomenon may assist in the identification and optimization of experiences that are central to encouraging lifelong career advancement and innovation while also helping protect against burnout and distress.
Body Shapes of Multiple Anthropometric Traits and All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality in the UK Biobank
Authors: Bohmann Patricia , Stein Michael J. , Weber Andrea , Konzok Julian , Fontvieille Emma , Peruchet-Noray Laia , Gan Quan , Fervers Béatrice , Viallon Vivian , Baurecht Hansjörg , Leitzmann Michael F. , Freisling Heinz , Sedlmeier Anja M. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Individual traditional anthropometric measures such as body mass index and waist circumference may not fully capture the relation of adiposity to mortality. Investigating multitrait body shapes could overcome this limitation, deepening insights into adiposity and mortality.

Methods:
Using UK Biobank data from 462,301 adults (40–69 years at baseline: 2006–2010), we derived four body shapes from principal component analysis on body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. We then used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between body shapes and mortality for principal component scores of +1 and −1.

Results:
During 6,114,399 person-years of follow-up, 28,807 deaths occurred. A generally obese body shape exhibited a U-shaped mortality association. A tall and centrally obese body shape showed increased mortality risk in a dose–response manner (comparing a score of +1 and 0: HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.18). Conversely, tall and lean or athletic body shapes displayed no increased mortality risks when comparing a score of +1 and 0, with positive relations for the comparison between a score of −1 and 0 in these shapes (short and stout shape: HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.14; nonathletic shape: HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.17).

Conclusion:
Four distinct body shapes, reflecting heterogeneous expressions of obesity, were differentially associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Multitrait body shapes may refine our insights into the associations between different adiposity subtypes and mortality.
REDUCTION OF SCLERAL THICKNESS WITH TOPICAL FLUOROMETHOLONE IN MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY COMPLICATED BY POSTERIOR CYSTOID DEGENERATION
Authors: Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Vasiliev Alexander S. , Kalinicheva Yana A. , Chhablani Jay 
Published: November 2024

Purpose.
To describe the role of topical fluorometholone in the management of eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) complicated by posterior cystoid degeneration (PCD).

Methods.
Patients with PCD associated with CSCR were prospectively recruited, examined with multimodal imaging and prescribed for topical fluorometholone four times daily. Eyes with macular neovascularization were excluded based on optical coherence tomography angiography. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to monitor central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and the thickness of the anterior sclera.

Results.
Five eyes of four patients were included. Intraretinal and subretinal fluid in all eyes had been unresponsive to all standard treatments, but improved remarkably or completely resolved with limited improvement of visual acuity after a mean of 6.0 ± 2.0 weeks of topical fluorometholone administration. In all cases, significant reduction of scleral thickness was observed with no or mild intraocular pressure rise.

Conclusion.
Severe cases of CSCR complicated by PCD associated with vision loss may be managed with topical fluorometholone. The positive effects of steroids in CSCR may be mediated by their effects on reduction of the scleral thickness.