bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In a “Half-dark, Half-light Zone”: Mobility, Precarity, and Moral Ambiguity in Vietnam's Urban Waste Economy
Authors: Nguyen Minh T.N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the everyday practices of a mobile network of migrant waste traders originating from northern Vietnam, locating them in an expanding urban waste economy spanning across major urban centres. Based on ethnographic research, I explore how the expansion of the network is foregrounded by the traders’ dealing with the precarious nature of waste trading, which is rooted in the social ambiguity of waste and migrants working with waste in the urban order. Characterised by waste traders as a “half-dark, half-light zone”, the waste economy is unevenly regulated, made up of highly personalised ties, and relatively hidden from the public. It is therefore rife with opportunities for accumulating wealth, but also full of dangers for the waste traders, whose occupation of marginal urban spaces makes them easy targets of both rent-seeking state agents and rogue actors. While demonstrating resilience, their practices suggest tactics of engaging with power that involve a great deal of moral ambiguity, which I argue is central to the increasing precaritisation of labour and the economy in Vietnam today.
Free-space creation of ultralong anti-diffracting beam with multiple energy oscillations adjusted using optical pen
Authors: Weng Xiaoyu , Song Qiang , Li Xiaoming , Gao Xiumin , Guo Hanming , Qu Junle , Zhuang Songlin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA light beam propagating over an infinite anti-diffracting distance requires infinite power to preserve its shape. However, the fundamental barrier of finite power in free space has made the problem of diffraction insurmountable in recent decades. To overcome this limitation, we report an approach that employs the multiple energy oscillation mechanism, thereby permitting the creation of a light beam with an ultralong anti-diffracting distance in free space. A versatile optical pen is therefore developed to manipulate the number, amplitude, position and phase of energy oscillations for a focusing lens so that multiple energy oscillations can be realized. A light beam with a tunable number of energy oscillations is eventually generated in free space and propagates along a wavy trajectory. This work will enable the extension of non-diffractive light beams to an expanded realm and facilitate extensive developments in optics and other research fields, such as electronics and acoustics.
A preclinical model of chronic pancreatitis driven by trypsinogen autoactivation
Authors: Geisz Andrea , Sahin-Tóth Miklós 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInflammatory diseases of the pancreas have no specific therapy. Discovery of the genetic basis of chronic pancreatitis identified the digestive enzyme trypsin as a therapeutic target. Preclinical testing of trypsin inhibition has been hampered by the lack of animal models. Here we report the T7D23A knock-in mouse, which carries a heterozygous p.D23A mutation in mouse cationic trypsinogen (isoform T7). This trypsinogen mutant autoactivates to trypsin 50-fold faster than wild type. T7D23A mice develop spontaneous acute pancreatitis with edema, necrosis and serum amylase elevation at an early age followed by progressive atrophic chronic pancreatitis with acinar cell loss, fibrosis, dilated ducts and adipose replacement. Markedly elevated trypsin activity is apparent at first signs of pancreatitis and persists into later stages of the disease. This remarkable model provides in vivo proof of concept that trypsinogen autoactivation can drive onset and progression of chronic pancreatitis and therapy should be directed against intra-pancreatic trypsin.
Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Méric Guillaume , Mageiros Leonardos , Pensar Johan , Laabei Maisem , Yahara Koji , Pascoe Ben , Kittiwan Nattinee , Tadee Phacharaporn , Post Virginia , Lamble Sarah , Bowden Rory , Bray James E. , Morgenstern Mario , Jolley Keith A. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Feil Edward J. , Didelot Xavier , Miragaia Maria , de Lencastre Herminia , Moriarty T. Fintan , Rohde Holger , Massey Ruth , Mack Dietrich , Corander Jukka , Sheppard Samuel K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSome of the most common infectious diseases are caused by bacteria that naturally colonise humans asymptomatically. Combating these opportunistic pathogens requires an understanding of the traits that differentiate infecting strains from harmless relatives. Staphylococcus epidermidis is carried asymptomatically on the skin and mucous membranes of virtually all humans but is a major cause of nosocomial infection associated with invasive procedures. Here we address the underlying evolutionary mechanisms of opportunistic pathogenicity by combining pangenome-wide association studies and laboratory microbiology to compare S. epidermidis from bloodstream and wound infections and asymptomatic carriage. We identify 61 genes containing infection-associated genetic elements (k-mers) that correlate with in vitro variation in known pathogenicity traits (biofilm formation, cell toxicity, interleukin-8 production, methicillin resistance). Horizontal gene transfer spreads these elements, allowing divergent clones to cause infection. Finally, Random Forest model prediction of disease status (carriage vs. infection) identifies pathogenicity elements in 415 S. epidermidis isolates with 80% accuracy, demonstrating the potential for identifying risk genotypes pre-operatively.
The phospholipid PI(3,4)P2 is an apical identity determinant
Authors: Román-Fernández Álvaro , Roignot Julie , Sandilands Emma , Nacke Marisa , Mansour Mohammed A. , McGarry Lynn , Shanks Emma , Mostov Keith E. , Bryant David M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractApical-basal polarization is essential for epithelial tissue formation, segregating cortical domains to perform distinct physiological functions. Cortical lipid asymmetry has emerged as a determinant of cell polarization. We report a network of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP)-modifying enzymes, some of which are transcriptionally induced upon embedding epithelial cells in extracellular matrix, and that are essential for apical-basal polarization. Unexpectedly, we find that PI(3,4)P2 localization and function is distinct from the basolateral determinant PI(3,4,5)P3. PI(3,4)P2 localizes to the apical surface, and Rab11a-positive apical recycling endosomes. PI(3,4)P2 is produced by the 5-phosphatase SHIP1 and Class-II PI3-Kinases to recruit the endocytic regulatory protein SNX9 to basolateral domains that are being remodeled into apical surfaces. Perturbing PI(3,4)P2 levels results in defective polarization through subcortical retention of apically destined vesicles at apical membrane initiation sites. We conclude that PI(3,4)P2 is a determinant of apical membrane identity.
39Ar dating with small samples provides new key constraints on ocean ventilation
Authors: Ebser Sven , Kersting Arne , Stöven Tim , Feng Zhongyi , Ringena Lisa , Schmidt Maximilian , Tanhua Toste , Aeschbach Werner , Oberthaler Markus K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOcean ventilation is the integrated effect of various processes that exchange surface properties with the ocean interior and is essential for oxygen supply, storage of anthropogenic carbon and the heat budget of the ocean, for instance. Current observational methods utilise transient tracers, e.g. tritium, SF6, CFCs and 14C. However, their dating ranges are not ideal to resolve the centennial-dynamics of the deep ocean, a gap filled by the noble gas isotope 39Ar with a half-life of 269 years. Its broad application has been hindered by its very low abundance, requiring 1000 L of water for dating. Here we show successful 39Ar dating with 5 L of water based on the atom-optical technique Atom Trap Trace Analysis. Our data reveal previously not quantifiable ventilation patterns in the Tropical Atlantic, where we find that advection is more important for the ventilation of the intermediate depth range than previously assumed. Now, the demonstrated analytical capabilities allow for a global collection of 39Ar data, which will have significant impact on our ability to quantify ocean ventilation.
Communication and quorum sensing in non-living mimics of eukaryotic cells
Authors: Niederholtmeyer Henrike , Chaggan Cynthia , Devaraj Neal K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCells in tissues or biofilms communicate with one another through chemical and mechanical signals to coordinate collective behaviors. Non-living cell mimics provide simplified models of natural systems; however, it has remained challenging to implement communication capabilities comparable to living cells. Here we present a porous artificial cell-mimic containing a nucleus-like DNA-hydrogel compartment that is able to express and display proteins, and communicate with neighboring cell-mimics through diffusive protein signals. We show that communication between cell-mimics allows distribution of tasks, quorum sensing, and cellular differentiation according to local environment. Cell-mimics can be manufactured in large quantities, easily stored, chemically modified, and spatially organized into diffusively connected tissue-like arrangements, offering a means for studying communication in large ensembles of artificial cells.
Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils an IL-10-producing helper subset that sustains humoral immunity during persistent infection
Authors: Xin Gang , Zander Ryan , Schauder David M. , Chen Yao , Weinstein Jason S. , Drobyski William R. , Tarakanova Vera , Craft Joseph , Cui Weiguo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring chronic viral infection, the inflammatory function of CD4 T-cells becomes gradually attenuated. Concurrently, Th1 cells progressively acquire the capacity to secrete the cytokine IL-10, a potent suppressor of antiviral T cell responses. To determine the transcriptional changes that underlie this adaption process, we applied a single-cell RNA-sequencing approach and assessed the heterogeneity of IL-10-expressing CD4 T-cells during chronic infection. Here we show an IL-10-producing population with a robust Tfh-signature. Using IL-10 and IL-21 double-reporter mice, we further demonstrate that IL-10+IL-21+co-producing Tfh cells arise predominantly during chronic but not acute LCMV infection. Importantly, depletion of IL-10+IL-21+co-producing CD4 T-cells or deletion of Il10 specifically in Tfh cells results in impaired humoral immunity and viral control. Mechanistically, B cell-intrinsic IL-10 signaling is required for sustaining germinal center reactions. Thus, our findings elucidate a critical role for Tfh-derived IL-10 in promoting humoral immunity during persistent viral infection.
Tuning anhydrous proton conduction in single-ion polymers by crystalline ion channels
Authors: Kim Onnuri , Kim Kyoungwook , Choi U. Hyeok , Park Moon Jeong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of high-conductivity solid-state electrolyte materials with eliminated polarization loss is a great challenge. Here we show a promising potential of single-ion block copolymers with crystalline protogenic channels as efficient proton conductors. Through the self-organization of zwitterion, imidazole, and polystyrene sulfonate with controlled dipolar interactions therein, the distance between neighboring proton donors and acceptors in ionic crystals, as well as the dipolar orientation in nanoscale ionic phases was precisely tuned. This allowed a markedly high static dielectric constant comparable to water and fast structural diffusion of protons with a low potential barrier for single-ion polymers. The optimized sample exhibited a high proton diffusion coefficient of 2.4 × 10–6 cm2 s–1 under anhydrous conditions at 90 °C.
Dynamic and non-contact 3D sample rotation for microscopy
Authors: Berndt Frederic , Shah Gopi , Power Rory M. , Brugués Jan , Huisken Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrecise sample orientation is crucial for microscopy but is often performed with macroscopic tools and low accuracy. In vivo imaging of growing and developing samples even requires dynamic adaptation of the sample orientation to continuously achieve optimal imaging. Here, we present a method for freely positioning a sample in 3D by introducing magnetic beads and applying a magnetic field. We demonstrate magnetic orientation of fixed mouse embryos and artemia, and live zebrafish embryos and larvae on an epi-fluorescence microscope and on a light-sheet system for optimal imaging.
Metal-organic framework glasses with permanent accessible porosity
Authors: Zhou Chao , Longley Louis , Krajnc Andraž , Smales Glen J. , Qiao Ang , Erucar Ilknur , Doherty Cara M. , Thornton Aaron W. , Hill Anita J. , Ashling Christopher W. , Qazvini Omid T. , Lee Seok J. , Chater Philip A. , Terrill Nicholas J. , Smith Andrew J. , Yue Yuanzheng , Mali Gregor , Keen David A. , Telfer Shane G. , Bennett Thomas D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo date, only several microporous, and even fewer nanoporous, glasses have been produced, always via post synthesis acid treatment of phase separated dense materials, e.g. Vycor glass. In contrast, high internal surface areas are readily achieved in crystalline materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It has recently been discovered that a new family of melt quenched glasses can be produced from MOFs, though they have thus far lacked the accessible and intrinsic porosity of their crystalline precursors. Here, we report the first glasses that are permanently and reversibly porous toward incoming gases, without post-synthetic treatment. We characterize the structure of these glasses using a range of experimental techniques, and demonstrate pores in the range of 4 – 8 Å. The discovery of MOF glasses with permanent accessible porosity reveals a new category of porous glass materials that are elevated beyond conventional inorganic and organic porous glasses by their diversity and tunability.
Multi-decadal to centennial hydro-climate variability and linkage to solar forcing in the Western Mediterranean during the last 1000 years
Authors: Ait Brahim Yassine , Wassenburg Jasper A. , Cruz Francisco W. , Sifeddine Abdelfettah , Scholz Denis , Bouchaou Lhoussaine , Dassié Emilie P. , Jochum Klaus P. , Edwards R. Lawrence , Cheng Hai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHere we present a new composite record from two well-dated speleothem records from two caves in Northern Morocco. The high-resolution record covers the last millennium allowing to detect multi-decadal to centennial periodicities. Over the industrial period, δ18O values of our speleothems are shown to be dominated by the main mode of decadal variability in the North Atlantic region: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Statistical analyses confirm the previously reported multi-decadal variability related to the influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the region. High power and persistent centennial-scale periodicities, similar to the Vries-Suess 200-year solar cycle, are observed as well. Indeed, comparison between solar activity reconstructions and our record confirms the in-phase relationship on centennial time-scales. Low δ18O values, and hence negative phases of NAO that bring precipitation towards the Western Mediterranean, are observed during well-known solar minima periods. The results are consistent with previous models which describe low irradiance as a trigger for southward shifts of precipitation-bearing westerlies during winter.
Septische Granulomatose als seltene Differenzialdiagnose einer chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankung
Authors: Metzger Jan-Christopher , Kurz Elena , von Spee-Mayer Caroline , Kolck Gesa , Bogumil Alexander , Galle Peter , Zimmermann Tim 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die septische Granulomatose ist eine seltene Granulozytenfunktionsstörung mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 150 Fällen in Deutschland. In der Literatur sind nur wenige Fälle mit einer intestinalen Manifestation, die als eine chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung (CED) imponiert, beschrieben. Durch eine gestörte Superoxid-Bildung kommt es zu Infektionen mit seltenen Erregern, die häufig in Form pulmonaler Infekte, Lymphadenopathien und Leberabszessen auftreten. Wir präsentieren den Fall eines 28-jährigen Patienten, bei dem bereits im Alter von 2 Jahren die Diagnose einer CED gestellt wurde, der sich aktuell mit dem Bild einer therapierefraktären CED und rezidivierenden Leberabszessen vorstellte.
Methoden Patientendaten, Laborwerte, endoskopische, radiologische und histologische Befunde wurden erhoben. Granulozytenfunktionstests sowie eine genetische Analyse wurden durchgeführt. Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche in der PubMed-Datenbank. Die aktuell verfügbare Literatur wurde zusammengefasst.
Fallbericht Unter langjähriger Immunsuppression, zuletzt mit dem TNF-Blocker Adalimumab und im Anschluss mit dem darmselektiven Integrin-Antagonist Vedolizumab kam es zu rezidivierenden Leberabszessen mit Nachweis eines gut sensiblen Staphylococcus aureus im Abszesspunktat. In der Koloskopie zeigten sich eine Rektumstenose sowie eine mäßige entzündliche Aktivität. Angesichts eines fehlenden Ansprechens der intestinalen Symptomatik auf sämtliche CED-Therapieversuche, einer floriden Akne und rezidivierenden, kaum kontrollierbaren, hepatischen Abszessen mit nicht primär intestinalen Erregern, stellten wir den Verdacht auf eine Granulozytenfunktionsstörung. In der Durchflusszytometrie sowie im oxidativen Burst-Test bestätigte sich die Diagnose einer septischen Granulomatose. Die genetische Untersuchung ergab eine homozygote Mutation des auf Chromosom 7 liegenden p47phox (NCF1)-Gens, welche mit 20 – 25 % die häufigste autosomal-rezessiv vererbte Form darstellt.
Ergebnisse Der Fall zeigt vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Literatur, dass besonders bei jungen Patienten mit therapieresistenten CED-ähnlichen Krankheitsbildern in Kombination mit infektiösen Komplikationen durch nicht darmtypische Erreger differenzialdiagnostisch an eine septische Granulomatose zu denken ist.
Der Notfallsanitäter im Ergänzungslehrgang – Analyse der Notfallsanitäter-Ergänzungsprüfungen 10/2015 bis 10/2016 an einem Simulationsmodell
Authors: Jansen Gerrit , Latka Eugen , Mertzlufft Fritz 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Im sogenannten Pyramidenprozess sind medizinische und medikamentöse Maßnahmen zur eigenständigen Durchführung durch Notfallsanitäter (NS) definiert. Besonders seitens ärztlicher Berufsverbände bestehen Vorbehalte gegenüber der Durchführung dieser Maßnahmen durch nichtärztliches Personal. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die strukturierte, interdisziplinäre Notfallversorgung durch NS anhand des ABCDE-Schemas (ABCDE-S) sowie auftretende Fehler bei Maßnahmen des Pyramidenprozesses zu evaluieren.
Material und Methoden Vom 01.10.2015 bis 31.10.2016 wurden Rettungsassistenten mit ≥ 5 Jahren Berufserfahrung im Rahmen der 80-h-Ergänzungskurse zum NS in einem sowohl für traumatologische (TN) als auch für nicht traumatologische (NTN) Notfälle konzipierten ABCDE-S geschult. In den Prüfungen am Simulationsmodell wurden Akzeptanz, Versorgungszeit, durchgeführte Maßnahmen und auftretende Fehler erfasst und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse In 65,3% (T: 60,8%, NT: 71,1%) erfolgte die Versorgung gemäß des ABCDE-S. Eine komplette Notfallversorgung wurde durchschnittlich in 13:28 Minuten durchgeführt. Die inkorrekte Anwendung von medizinischen (4,9%) bzw. medikamentösen (4,1%) Maßnahmen war selten.
Schlussfolgerung Das ABCDE-S ist im Simulationsmodell sowohl für die Versorgung von TN als auch für NTN geeignet. NS sind in der Lage, eine strukturierte erweiterte Notfallversorgung innerhalb von 15 Minuten durchzuführen. Fehler im Zusammenhang mit erweiterten medizinischen oder medikamentösen Maßnahmen waren im Simulationsmodell selten.
Evaluating Resident Training in Oculoplastic Surgery: A Case Series of 104 Eviscerations
Authors: Simmons Brittany , Artymowicz Anna , Gonzalez Mithra 
Published: November 2018

Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate resident surgical performance based on complications after ocular evisceration.
Methods A retrospective chart review of eviscerations performed between October 2011 and May 2017 by ophthalmology residents as the primary or assistant surgeon under the guidance of a single oculofacial plastic surgeon (M.O.G.) was completed. Data collected included reason for evisceration, resident participation in the case and resident's month of oculoplastic training, surgical technique, subsequent complications, and duration of follow-up.
Results There were no significant differences in complication rates or surgical sequelae in resident-led versus attending-led surgeries. The complication rate for all cases in total was 5.77%. A slight negative correlation existed between the resident's month of training and the presence of postoperative complications. The number of adverse events was found to be significantly correlated with the duration of patient follow-up.
Discussion Ocular eviscerations performed by ophthalmology residents as primary surgeons achieve outcomes equivalent to published reports, suggesting ocular eviscerations are a safe, effective procedure wherein residents can refine surgical skills. Some surgical sequelae may be linked to particular surgeons, implying evisceration outcomes can be used to assess resident surgical performance. Fewer adverse events arose as the resident's length of oculoplastic training increased, but this finding did not reach significance. Larger studies are needed to explore these trends.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Psychological Wellbeing: A Scoping Review
Authors: McKay Kathy , Walmsley Martine , Senior Robert , Thorburn Douglas , Kennedy Eilis , Ranieri Veronica 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease resulting from the inflammation and scarring of an individual's hepatic bile ducts. With no curative treatment available and a risk of potentially severe complications and death, it is likely that those diagnosed with the illness may experience impairments in their psychological wellbeing. The aim of this scoping review is to locate, chart, and summarize all available literature on how PSC affects mental health and psychological wellbeing, as well as the factors that may or may not impact on the psychological wellbeing of those who have this diagnosis. This exercise identified five key themes within the literature: prevalence and characteristics of mental health problems, quality of life, unmet needs, medical treatment, and biomarkers. Three key recommendations for clinical practice emerge from this review.
Diabetes-free life in India: Application of survival function analysis
Authors: Singh Shri , Pedgaonkar Sarang , Puri Parul , Gupta Jitendra 
Published: November 2018

Background:India being a diverse country has an assortment of various socio-economic and demographic structures. These socio-economic and demographic factors often intervene with the diabetes-free survival in any geographical region. The present study explores diabetes-free survival patterns of adult respondents with respect to various socio-economic and demographic factors in eighteen states of India with better demographic indicators.
Material and Methods:The study utilizes data from the fourth round of the District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS) undertaken during 2012–2013. The study computes the survival functions by five year age groups followed by Peto and Pike's test for assessing the significant differences in the survival pattern between the various sub-groups in 18 states of India.
Results:The study points out that the diabetes-free survival of a respondent is affected by factors such as the place of residence, sex, social group, the standard of living (wealth) index, and region of residence.
Conclusions:Timely detection, screening, and treatment of non-communicable diseases, as well as palliative care, are recommended to the community for diabetes prevention. A healthy lifestyle including healthy diet, physical activity on regular basis, and avoiding tobacco needs to be promoted.