bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sample size and cardinal orientation in cambial activity analysis: a case study
Authors: de Souza Arêdes-dos-Reis Maxmira , Costa Monique Silva , dos Santos Gabriel Uriel Cruz Araújo , Callado Cátia Henriques 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTRadial growth dynamics of woody species is studied by different methods. the annual monitoring of cambial activity has been recommended as the method of greatest accuracy in research and appropriate for studies in protected areas for biological conservation, because it is largely nondestructive. Nevertheless, sampling protocols still need more standardization and precision. this study aims to investigate the influence of cardinal orientation on the number of cells in the cambial zone, and to evaluate the number of trees needed to conduct histological studies of cambial activity in Cedrela odorata, a tropical species with well-defined annual growth in the Atlantic Forest of South America/Brazil. Seventeen trees were evaluated during the period of intense cambial activity, with the sampling of four quadrants of the stem, according to cardinal orientation. the variance of cambial cell numbers was calculated for different numbers of trees. the results showed that radial growth variance was not related to cardinal orientation, but that at least 12 trees should be sampled for robust data on cambial dynamics.
The effect of mistletoe (Viscum album) on branch wood and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Authors: Ozturk Murat , Coskuner Kadir Alperen , Usta Yetkin , Serdar Bedri , Bilgili Ertugrul 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMistletoes are hemi-parasitic plants growing on many tree species. They grow on the tree branches or trunk of a tree and form root-like structures called haustoria that penetrate into the tree, taking up water and mineral nutrients. Mistletoe is capable of causing a variety of effects to its hosts, including changes in wood formation and leaf development. We investigate and discuss the effects of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum, Santalaceae) on branch wood and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, Pinaceae). Parasitized and nonparasitized branches of Scots pine were sampled from host tree crowns of trees growing on the same site. Branches were taken from mid-crown facing south. They were cut at 2 cm proximal and 2 cm distal to the mistletoe on each host branch and at the corresponding position in the case of uninfected branches from the same host. The wood anatomy at proximal and distal parts and the parts at the corresponding position in the non-parasitized section was compared. The anatomy of one-year-old needles from both parasitized and non-parasitized branches was also compared. Mistletoe had significant influences on wood and needle anatomy. The major changes were the decreases in the double wall thickness, lumen area, tangential lumen area and radial lumen area of the tracheids in the wood and a decrease in vascular area in the needles. These results help to understand how mistletoe acts on its host.
CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana
Authors: Bodin Stéphanie C. , Scheel-Ybert Rita , Beauchêne Jacques , Molino Jean-François , Bremond Laurent 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas.
This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 ‘items’ and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.’s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper2, specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification.
Wood anatomy of seven Stryphnodendron species (Mimosoid clade - Caesalpinioideae - Leguminosae)
Authors: dos Santos Kelly Cristina Moreira , dos Santos Gabriel Uriel Cruz Araújo , Barros Claudia Franca , de Lima Haroldo Cavalcante , Callado Cátia Henriques 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Stryphnodendron Mart. is a widespread genus in the Neotropics and its species are widely used for their timber, in popular medicine, and for tanning. The similarities in their external morphology make species identification difficult in this genus. This study describes and compares the wood anatomy of the seven species of Stryphnodendron most frequently found in Brazilian forest remnants, in order to identify which anatomical features can be used in their segregation. From seven species 31 samples of Stryphnodendron were studied. Principal Component Analysis was used to evaluate wood anatomical characters. The species were separated into two main groups, congruent with the division into multifoliolate and paucifoliolate species, due to the presence of diffuse, lozenge-aliform and confluent axial parenchyma. In the multifoliolate group, although two subgroups were formed due to ray width in number of cells, none of the species were individualised, which corroborates previous findings of high morphological and anatomical similarities of the multifoliolate species.
The Piedra Chamana fossil woods (Eocene, Peru), II
Authors: Woodcock D.W. , Meyer H.W. , Prado Y. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis contribution presents descriptions of 14 fossil woods from the Piedra Chamana Fossil Forest in Peru, an assemblage of fossil woods and leaves dated at 39 Ma (late Middle Eocene). It is part two of the descriptions of the non-monocot angiosperm fossils from the site (see Woodcock et al. 2017). The woods are assigned to the subfamilies Bombacoideae, Bombacoideae/Malvoideae, Byttneroideae, Grewioideae, and Sterculioideae of Malvaceae and the families Melastomataceae, Muntingiaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, and Sapindaceae. Malvalean taxa make up around one-third of the wood types. Many of the woods are identifiable to modern-day genera or groups, including genera with species counted among the hyperdominant trees of the New World forests. Represented vegetation types include mixed freshwater swamp with Avicennia, seasonally flooded forest, and lowland tropical forest with a dry aspect. The assemblage shows floristic similarities to extant South American lowland tropical forest, particularly the seasonally flooded forests growing along white water rivers (várzea); however, the dry forest association has a less clear analog in the present-day tropics.
The type species of the genus Blagorrhina Hippa, Mattsson &amp; Vilkamaa (Diptera: Lygistorrhinidae)
Authors: HIPPA HEIKKI , MATTSSON INGEGERD , VILKAMAA PEKKA 
Published: February 2019

When preparing the final copy of our paper on Lygistorrhinidae (Hippa et al. 2005), the type speciesdesignation for the genus Blagorrhina was lost. We here designate Blagorrhina blagoderovi Hippa,Mattsson & Vilkamaa as the type species of Blagorrhina Hippa, Mattsson & Vilkamaa.We thank Dr. Christian Thompson (Washington, D.C.) for pointing out the missing type species designation.
Combined Effects of the MJO and the Arctic Oscillation on the Intraseasonal Eastern China Winter Temperature Variations
Authors: Song Lei , Wu Renguang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present study reveals that the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)-related temperature anomalies over East Asia have notable differences among positive, neutral, and negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) phases. In MJO phases 2–3, cold anomalies over eastern China occur mainly during positive AO. In MJO phase 7, warm anomalies over eastern China are observed mostly during neutral AO, and in MJO phase 8 warm anomalies appear in positive and neutral AO. Regional mean temperature anomalies over northeastern East Asia tend to be negative during negative AO but positive during positive AO in six of eight MJO phases. In MJO phases 2–3, the AO-related mid- to high-latitude wave train over Eurasia and the MJO convection-triggered poleward wave train work together in contributing to negative height anomalies over eastern China and leading to cold anomalies there. The mid- to high-latitude wave train is stronger when the AO is negative than positive, which is associated with stronger zonal winds. In MJO phases 7–8, the positive AO-related mid- to high-latitude wave train over Eurasia and the MJO-induced poleward wave train cooperate in inducing positive height anomalies and leading to warm anomalies over eastern China. The mid- to high-latitude wave train is the main contributor to negative height anomalies over eastern China when the AO is negative during MJO phases 7–8. Meanwhile, the intensity of the South Asian wave source associated with the MJO convection is subjected to the modulation of southeastward dispersion of wave energy from western Europe during negative AO.
Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation: General Applicability in a Teaching Unit
Authors: Hey Shi Ying , Koo Ng Nigel K. F. , McGarry Gerald W. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (ESPAL) is the intervention of choice for refractory epistaxis in specialist ear, nose and throat (ENT)units and should be within the repertoire of competencies for all ENT trainees. Following its recent incorporation within the United Kingdom competency–based training syllabus as an explicit outcome standard, the ESPAL is not uncommonly being delivered by trainees under appropriate supervision. We assessed the efficacy and outcome of ESPAL in epistaxis management within our teaching hospitals. Methods: Retrospective, structured review of all ESPAL procedures performed for epistaxis between December 2005 and December 2013. The techniques of ligation, operator grade, and outcome were studied. Results: Sixty-five patients (41 male:24 female; average age of 58.2 years) were identified in whom 67 artery ligations were performed (63 unilateral; 2 bilateral). Overall, success rate of ESPAL was 92.3% (60/65), with 5 rebleed cases recorded within 30 days of the primary procedure. Sixteen (24.6%) underwent “clipping,” 26 (40.0%) had diathermy ligation, 18 (27.7%) had both clipping and diathermy, and in 5 (7.7%) patients, the ligation technique was not recorded. In 31 (47.7%) of 65 cases, a consultant was the principal surgeon. The remaining 34 (52.3%) of 65 cases were performed by trainees with (24, 70.6%) or without (10, 29.4%) supervision. There was no correlation between rebleed and operators’ grade, level of supervision, or ligation technique. Conclusion: With appropriate training, ESPAL can achieve hemostasis in teams of varying grades of operators without significant reduction in outcome. To further enhance the technical learning curve, the utility of simulation-based training could offer continuous and longitudinal development of skills.
The learning curve in blind bedside postpyloric placement of spiral tubes: data from a multicentre, prospective observational study
Authors: Sun Cheng , Lv Bo , Zheng Wei , Hu Linhui , Ouyang Xin , Hu Bei , Zhang Yanlin , Wang Hao , Ye Heng , Zhang Xiunong , Lan Huilan , Chen Lifang , Chen Chunbo 
Published: February 2019

Objective This study sought to quantify the learning curve for the blind bedside postpyloric placement of a spiral tube in critically ill patients. Methods We retrospectively analysed 127 consecutive experiences of three intensivists who performed comparable procedures of blind bedside postpyloric placement of a spiral tube subsequent to failed self-propelled transpyloric migration in a multicentre study. Each intensivist’s cases were divided chronologically into two groups for analysis. The assessment of the learning curve was based on efficiency and safety outcomes. Results All intensivists achieved postpyloric placement for over 80% of their patients. The junior intensivist showed major improvement in both efficiency and safety outcomes, and the learning curve for both outcomes was approximately 20 cases. The junior intensivist showed a significant increase in the success rate of proximal jejunum placement and demonstrated a substantial decrease in the major adverse tube-associated events rate. The time to insertion significantly decreased in each intensivist as case experience accumulated. Conclusions Blind bedside postpyloric placement of a spiral tube involves a significant learning curve, indicating that this technique could be readily acquired by intensivists with no previous experience using an adequate professional training programme.
Minimum 10-Year Results of Single- Versus Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Clinical, Radiologic, and Survivorship Outcomes
Authors: Yoon Kyoung Ho , Kim Eung Ju , Kwon Yoo Beom , Kim Sang-Gyun 
Published: February 2019

Background: Biomechanical studies have shown that double-bundle (DB) posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR) is better than single-bundle (SB) PCLR in restoring normal biomechanical function and stability. However, most clinical studies report no differences between the technical methods, and there is yet no long-term clinical comparative study. Hypothesis: DB PCLR would show superior results and survivorship outcomes to those of SB PCLR in long-term follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively evaluated 64 patients who underwent primary PCLR between 2000 and 2008 and were followed up for a minimum of 10 years: 28 patients underwent SB PCLR (mean ± SD: age, 29.1 ± 12.2 years), and 36 underwent DB PCLR (age, 27.0 ± 9.2 years). Clinical scores (International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, Lysholm score, Tegner activity score), side-to-side difference in stress radiographs, osteoarthritis progression, and survival rate were compared between the SB and DB groups at the last follow-up. Results: At the final follow-up, all clinical scores showed no significant differences between the SB and DB groups. The mean side-to-side difference in stress radiographs (SB, 5.3 ± 3.5 mm; DB, 5.0 ± 3.8 mm; P = .828) and osteoarthritis progression (SB, 14.3%; DB, 13.9%; P = .964) were not different between the groups. The 15-year survival rate was 82.1% for SB PCLR and 83.7% for DB PCLR. Conclusion: Both the SB and DB techniques for PCLR showed satisfactory long-term clinical results and survivorship outcomes. There were no significant differences between SB and DB PCLR in clinical, radiologic, and survivorship outcomes at a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Clinical Relevance: DB PCLR did not show superior clinical results to those of SB PCLR in the long-term follow-up. These results should be considered in the surgical planning for PCLR.
Delays in uptake of surgery for childhood cataract at a child eye health tertiary facility in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ugalahi MO , Olusanya BA , Fagbemi OO , Baiyeroju AM 
Published: February 2019

Background: Timely uptake of surgery is vital in the control of childhood blindness due to cataract. The aim of this study is to determine the uptake of surgery as well as the frequency and reasons for rescheduling of surgery for childhood cataract in a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study of children with childhood cataract seen at the Paediatric Ophthalmology unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan between 2011 and 2015. Demographic and clinical information was retrieved from case records. Caregivers of children who did not have surgery were contacted by telephone to elicit reasons why surgery was not done. Results: A total of 164 children were included in the study; 90 (54.9%) were male. The median age at presentation was 4 years with a range of 2–180 months. A total of 64 (39.0%) children had unilateral cataract. All patients were scheduled for surgery, but 123 (75%) underwent surgery. Surgery was rescheduled in 42 (34.1%) of those who had surgery. Reasons for rescheduling included financial constraints, illness, delay in paediatrician evaluation to ascertain fitness for anaesthesia and strike actions by health workers in the hospital. Conclusion: Three quarters of the children had surgery, though it had been rescheduled, at least once, in about one-third of them. Delayed uptake of surgery was mainly due to inability to afford treatment and strike actions. The need for improved coverage of health insurance especially for the paediatric age group in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. This is because good vision is an integral part of child development.
Depression, Hematologic Parameters, and Blood Levels of Vitamin B12 in Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Under Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Ribeiro Rebecca Heidrich Thoen , Ribeiro Fernando Ambros , Silva Romeu Paulo Martins , Bortolini Miguel Júnior Sordi , Garrote-Filho Mario da Silva , Penha-Silva Nilson 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and correlate hematologic indices, vitamin B12 levels, and depression in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) treated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Methods: This was a prospective study with a population (n = 23) consisted of patients with suspected LPR and treated with 2 daily doses of Omeprazole 40 mg (80 mg or full dose). The study volunteers performed a complete blood count and vitamin B12 dosage before and after 3 and 6 months of treatment, as well as depression screening using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) questionnaire before and after 6 months of treatment. Scores greater than 16 were considered as suggestive of depression. Results: The mean score on the CES-D scale of study participants at baseline significantly decreased after 6 months of treatment. A significant decrease was observed in the red blood cells count (RBC) after 6 months in relation to 3 months. Significant increases in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were observed from 3 months to 6 months in this study. Vitamin B12 levels increased significantly between baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Conclusion: Decreased scores on the CES-D scale were associated with increased MCV values, with no association with vitamin B12 levels. However, vitamin B12 levels also increased significantly after 6 months of treatment with PPI.
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troke and Death (THALES) trial: Rationale and design
Authors: Johnston S Claiborne , Amarenco Pierre , Denison Hans , Evans Scott R , Himmelmann Anders , James Stefan , Knutsson Mikael , Ladenvall Per , Molina Carlos A , Wang Yongjun ,   for the THALES Investigators
Published: February 2019

Rationale In patients with acute cerebral ischemia, the rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death during 90 days was reported to be non-significantly lower with ticagrelor compared with aspirin, with no increase in major hemorrhage. Dual antiplatelet therapy may be more effective in this setting. Aim To investigate whether ticagrelor combined with aspirin are superior to aspirin alone in preventing stroke or death in patients with non-severe, non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack. Design The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated with Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death (THALES) trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, event-driven study. Patients will be randomized within 24 h of onset of acute ischemic symptoms. THALES is expected to randomize 13,000 at ∼450 sites worldwide, to collect 764 primary outcome events. Study treatments are ticagrelor 180 mg loading dose on day 1, then 90 mg twice daily on days 2–30, or matching placebo. All patients will also receive open-label aspirin 300–325 mg on day 1, then 75–100 mg once daily on days 2–30. Study outcomes The primary efficacy outcome is time to the composite endpoint of stroke or death through 30-day follow-up. The primary safety outcome is time to first severe bleeding event. Discussion The THALES trial will provide important information about the benefits and risks of dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor and aspirin in patients with acute cerebral ischemia in a global setting (funding: AstraZeneca). Clinical Trial Registration URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03354429.
Utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale: Still too crude to be a truly patient-centric primary outcome measure?
Authors: Rethnam Venesha , Bernhardt Julie , Dewey Helen , Moodie Marj , Johns Hannah , Gao Lan , Collier Janice , Ellery Fiona , Churilov Leonid ,   on behalf of AVERT Trial Collaboration Group
Published: February 2019

Background The utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale (UW-mRS) is an outcome measure recently proposed to improve statistical efficiency and interpretability of the mRS. Statistical properties of the UW-mRS have been well investigated, but construct validity has yet to be established. Aims To investigate the construct validity of the UW-mRS as a primary outcome measure by assessing variability in utility values within and between mRS categories, over time post-stroke, and by different derivation methods. Methods UW-mRS was derived using assessment of quality of life (AQoL-4D) and mRS scores at 3 and 12 months ( n = 2030) from a large randomized controlled trial, A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial (AVERT). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of AQoL-4D was conducted to differentiate between sequential mRS categories. Intraclass correlation was used to explore variability in utility values over time post-stroke, UW-mRS values, and derivation methods from multiple studies. Results UW-mRS values for mRS categories 0–6 at three months were 0.80, 0.78, 0.63, 0.37, 0.11, 0.03, and 0. Based on AQoL-4D utility values, areas under the ROC curve varied from 0.54 to 0.87. Time post-stroke explained 42%–56% of variability in AQoL-4D utility values in patients with no change in mRS between 3 and 12 months. The choice of the derivation method contributed to 25% of the variability in UW-mRS values. Conclusions The high variability in utility values between and within mRS categories, over time post-stroke, and using different derivation methods is not adequately reflected in the UW-mRS. These threats to construct validity warrant caution when using UW-mRS as a primary outcome measure. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12606000185561).