bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical implementation of AXB from AAA for breast: Plan quality and subvolume analysis
Authors: Guebert Alexandra , Conroy Leigh , Weppler Sarah , Alghamdi Majed , Conway Jessica , Harper Lindsay , Phan Tien , Olivotto Ivo A. , Smith Wendy L. , Quirk Sarah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTwo dose calculation algorithms are available in Varian Eclipse software: Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros External Beam (AXB). Many Varian Eclipse‐based centers have access to AXB; however, a thorough understanding of how it will affect plan characteristics and, subsequently, clinical practice is necessary prior to implementation. We characterized the difference in breast plan quality between AXB and AAA for dissemination to clinicians during implementation.MethodsLocoregional irradiation plans were created with AAA for 30 breast cancer patients with a prescription dose of 50 Gy to the breast and 45 Gy to the regional node, in 25 fractions. The internal mammary chain (IMCCTV) nodes were covered by 80% of the breast dose. AXB, both dose‐to‐water and dose‐to‐medium reporting, was used to recalculate plans while maintaining constant monitor units. Target coverage and organ‐at‐risk doses were compared between the two algorithms using dose–volume parameters. An analysis to assess location‐specific changes was performed by dividing the breast into nine subvolumes in the superior–inferior and left–right directions.ResultsThere were minimal differences found between the AXB and AAA calculated plans. The median difference between AXB and AAA for breastCTV V95%, was <2.5%. For IMCCTV, the median differences V95%, and V80% were <5% and 0%, respectively; indicating IMCCTV coverage only decreased when marginally covered. Mean superficial dose increased by a median of 3.2 Gy. In the subvolume analysis, the medial subvolumes were “hotter” when recalculated with AXB and the lateral subvolumes “cooler” with AXB; however, all differences were within 2 Gy.ConclusionWe observed minimal difference in magnitude and spatial distribution of dose when comparing the two algorithms. The largest observable differences occurred in superficial dose regions. Therefore, clinical implementation of AXB from AAA for breast radiotherapy is not expected to result in changes in clinical practice for prescribing or planning breast radiotherapy.
Gas‐Stabilizing Gold Nanocones for Acoustically Mediated Drug Delivery
Authors: Mannaris Christophoros , Teo Boon M. , Seth Anjali , Bau Luca , Coussios Constantin , Stride Eleanor 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe efficient penetration of drugs into tumors is a major challenge that remains unmet. Reported herein is a strategy to promote extravasation and enhanced penetration using inertial cavitation initiated by focused ultrasound and cone‐shaped gold nanoparticles that entrap gas nanobubbles. The cones are capable of initiating inertial cavitation under pressures and frequencies achievable with existing clinical ultrasound systems and of promoting extravasation and delivery of a model large therapeutic molecule in an in vitro tissue mimicking flow phantom, achieving penetration depths in excess of 2 mm. Ease of functionalization and intrinsic imaging capabilities provide gold with significant advantages as a material for biomedical applications. The cones show neither cytotoxicity in Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF)‐7 cells nor hemolytic activity in human blood at clinically relevant concentrations and are found to be colloidally stable for at least 5 d at 37 °C and several months at 4 °C.
Dual‐Wavelength Carpet Cloak Using Ultrathin Metasurface
Authors: Yang Jianing , Huang Cheng , Wu Xiaoyu , Sun Bo , Luo Xiangang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUltrathin metasurfaces pave an encouraging way for invisibility carpet cloaks on account of their excellent electromagnetic wavefront manipulation. However, the current metasurface‐based carpet cloaks operate at only one wavelength and are limited by their narrow bandwidth. Here, a dual‐wavelength carpet cloak using a two‐layer metasurface at the microwave frequencies is proposed. By individual design of phase compensation at each layer of the metasurface, the proposed cloak can restore the scattering behaviors of a flat conducting plane at different frequencies. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the cloaking effects are realized at 6.1 and 10.2 GHz. In addition, it is found that the cloak is polarization‐insensitive at above two frequencies. The proposed design can be also scaled to the terahertz and optical domain.
An Efficient Benzoxaborole One‐Pot Synthesis by SiliaCatDPP‐Pd Heterogeneous Catalysis using Diboronic Acid
Authors: Kunihiro Kana , Dumais Laurence , Lafitte Guillaume , Varvier Emeric , Tomas Loïc , Harris Craig S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrganoboron compounds are valuable molecules of increasing interest in organic synthesis, catalysis, biology and medicine. Among them, benzoxaboroles emerged as promising building blocks for numerous research programs. In this letter, we communicate the development of new conditions for the one‐pot benzoxaborole synthesis by SiliaCatDPP−Pd catalysis using diboronic acid as the boron source. This low cost and sustainable strategy permitted the preparation of a useful range of benzoxaborole building blocks. Finally, the transformation was extended to a continuous flow process using our Vapourtec system.magnified image
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transformations Involving the Cyclic Imine Moiety in Indole and Isoindole Related Heterocycles
Authors: Cheng Dao‐Juan , Shao You‐Dong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIndole and isoindole skeletons are pervasive structural moieties in a plethora of biologically active and synthetically useful compounds as well as natural products. In view of the significance of this framework, the development of efficient protocols to access the purely chiral nitrogen‐containing heterocycles has drawn much attention. Among them, the asymmetric transformations based on cyclic imines via organocatalysis strategies have provided an exciting platform from which various nitrogen heterocycles with distinct structural characters were quickly and conveniently prepared with high chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. This review, organized on the basis of two primary starting materials, summarizes the progress made in the field of organocatalytic asymmetric reactions involving five‐membered cyclic imines and their precursors as masked cyclic imines which usually feature or generate in situ a carbon‐nitrogen double bond embedded in 3H‐indole, 1H‐isoindole and 1,2‐benzisothiazole 1,1‐dioxide ring systems published since the beginning of 2008, including the substrate scope, mechanisms, applications and limitations.magnified image
Multidirection and Multiamplitude Triboelectric Nanogenerator Composed of Porous Conductive Polymer with Prolonged Time of Current Generation
Authors: Kim Weon‐Guk , Kim Daewon , Jeon Seung‐Bae , Park Sang‐Jae , Tcho Il‐ Woong , Jin Ik‐Kyeong , Han Joon‐Kyu , Choi Yang‐Kyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this work, a sponge structure triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) named as porous conductive polymer (PCP)‐TENG, is demonstrated. The measured volume charge density of PCP‐TENG is reached to 60 mC m−3 by utilizing wide inner surface of the sponge structure as contact surface. Moreover, the PCP‐TENG generates a continuous sinusoidal‐like alternative current. Notably, the PCP‐TENG can effectively harvest vibrational mechanical energy from various directions and amplitudes. With these characteristics, the PCP‐TENG can be implemented in a wide variety of settings, such as inside of a tire. It is confirmed that the PCP‐TENG generates electrical power for operating a commercial light‐emitting diode and a humidity sensor even under small deformation of the tire.
Photochemistry of Artists’ Dyes and Pigments: Towards Better Understanding and Prevention of Colour Change in Works of Art
Authors: Miliani Costanza , Monico Letizia , Melo Maria J. , Fantacci Simona , Angelin Eva M. , Romani Aldo , Janssens Koen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe absorption of light gives a pigment its colour and its reason for being, but it also creates excited states, that is, new molecules with an energy excess that can be dissipated through degradation pathways. Photodegradation processes provoke long‐term, cumulative and irreversible colour changes (fading, darkening, blanching) of which the prediction and prevention are challenging tasks. Of all the environmental risks that affect heritage materials, light exposure is the only one that cannot be controlled without any impact on the optimal display of the exhibit. Light‐induced alterations are not only associated with the pigment itself but also with its interactions with support/binder and, in turn, are further complicated by the nature of the environmental conditions. In this Minireview we investigate how chemistry, encompassing multi‐scale analytical investigations of works of art, computational modelling and physical and chemical studies contributes to improve our prediction of artwork appearance before degradation and to establish effective preventive conservation strategies.
Development of an intermediate layer for multilayer hoses used in turbo lines of motor vehicles
Authors: Şentürk Ünal Gül , Ersoy Meriçboyu Ayşegül 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMultilayer hoses for turbo lines can be produced by ethylene acrylic rubber (AEM) as the inner layer and peroxide cured ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) as the outer layer. In such a case, the polar AEM should adhere well to the apolar EPDM to ensure proper functioning. In this work, new blends were developed and optimized to offer potential for using as intermediate bonding layers. Different compositions of dipolymer AEM/EPDM and terpolymer AEM/EPDM blends with and without maleic anhydride grafted EPDM (Ma‐g‐EPDM) as a compatibilizer were successfully prepared. Curing behaviors, as well as mechanical and thermal properties of the blends were investigated in detail. The effects of the compatibilizer addition were also explored by dynamical mechanical analysis, DeMattia and scanning electron microscope. It is found that Ma‐g‐EPDM is more effective in terpolymer AEM containing blends. Additionally, 60/40:AEM/EPDM weight ratio is the most suitable proportion for turbo lines. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46525.
Heat‐triggered poly(siloxane‐urethane)s based on disulfide bonds for self‐healing application
Authors: Wu Xinxiu , Li Jinhui , Li Gang , Ling Lei , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the most widely employed silicon‐based polymers for its high flexibility, low usage temperature, excellent water resistance, outstanding electrical insulting property, and physiological inert, etc. However, the covalent‐bonded SiO bonds are unable to heal automatically when damaged, which would result in the failure of the materials and devices. Disulfide bond based polymers show high healing efficiency at moderate temperature and have been investigated intensively. Herein, we report a PDMS‐based polyurethane self‐healing polymer (PDMS‐PU) modified with disulfide bonds, which exhibited a reinforced thermal stability, excellent stretchability, and satisfactory self‐healing ability. The effect of different ratio of PDMS and disulfide bond contents on the elastomer properties was investigated. With the increase of PDMS content, the decomposition temperature of the PDMS‐PU‐3 (332 °C) elastomer with highest content of PDMS was increased by 34 °C compared to PDMS‐PU‐1 (298 °C) with lowest content of PDMS and exhibited a largest elongation at break of 1204%. PDMS‐PU‐1 with highest content of disulfide bond possessed a highest healing efficiency of 97%. The results indicated the PDMS‐PU elastomers can be used as self‐healing flexible substrate for flexible electronics. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46532.
Segmental Analysis of the Vestibular Nerve and the Efferents of the Vestibular Complex
Authors: Díaz Carmen , Puelles Luis 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTUse of a segmental approach in the study of vestibular centers in the hindbrain improves morphological and functional understanding of this region controlled byHoxgenes, among other molecular determinants. Here, we review accrued data about segmental organization of vestibular afferents and efferents. Inner ear‐originated vestibular fibers enter the hindbrain, together with auditory ones, through the alar plate of rhombomere 4, then branch into descending and ascending branches to reach appropriate vestibular nuclei along the vestibular column. Classical vestibular nuclei (superior, lateral, medial, and inferior) originate in eight successive rhombomeric segments, which suggests internal subdivisions correlated with distinct connections and functions. The vestibular projection neurons identified for various targets aggregate in discrete groups, which correlate topographically either with rhombomeric units, or with internal subdivisions within them. Each vestibular projection system (e.g., vestibulo‐spinal, vestibulo‐ocular, vestibulocerebellar) has a characteristic ipsilateral/contralateral organization. Comparing them as a connective mosaic in different species shows that various aspects of this segmental connective organization are conserved throughout evolution in vertebrates. Furthermore, certain genes that control the development of the rhombomeric units in the hindbrain may determine, among other aspects, the specific properties of the different neuronal subpopulations related to their axonal navigation and synaptogenesis. Anat Rec, 302:472–484, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Divergent Functionalization of N‐Alkyl‐2‐alkenylanilines: Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Indoles and Quinolines
Authors: Ghorai Jayanta , Reddy Angula Chandra Shekar , Anbarasan Pazhamalai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient divergent functionalization of N‐alkylated ortho‐alkenylanilines to substituted indoles and quinolines has been accomplished by employing rhodium‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling and silver‐mediated oxidative cyclization, respectively. The developed methods tolerate various functional groups and allow the synthesis of substituted indoles and quinolines in good to excellent yield. Synthetic utility is demonstrated through conversion to an indole with antimicrobial activity and C−H bond functionalization of 2‐arylquinolines. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism was proposed based on preliminary mechanistic investigations.
Difference in prostate cancer incidence around sixty years: effects of age and metabolic diseases
Authors: Choi Jin Bong , Kim Jung Ho , Hong Sung‐Hoo , Han Kyung‐Do , Ha U‐Syn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe examined the risk of prostate cancer in the Korean population stratified on the basis of age group and risk based on metabolic diseases, using National Health Insurance System (NHIS) data. Of the 51,827,813 people from the NHIS data in 2015, 10,879,591 men without prostate cancer who underwent a health examination were analyzed. The risk of prostate cancer was analyzed with stratification by age. Multivariate‐adjusted Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between prostate cancer and metabolic diseases by age groups. The risk of prostate cancer increased continuously with age and 59 years may be a point of inflection. The hazard ratio (HR) of prostate cancer development rose sharply as that age point passed. The population with metabolic diseases was more likely to develop prostate cancer than the population without any of these components. In addition, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) decreased from the youngest age group to the age group comprising 55–59 year olds. Beyond this age group, there was a plateau. The relative risk for prostate cancer associated with metabolic diseases also showed divergent associations with age. The risk of prostate cancer increased continuously with age and the peak Youden index was at 59 years. The relative risk for prostate cancer according to metabolic diseases also showed divergent associations beyond 59 years of age. Therefore, setting the age threshold at 59 years would improve the present clinical risk stratification for prostate cancer in Korea.
Biosynthetic and Functional Color–Scent Associations in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule and Their Impact on Pollinators
Authors: Martínez‐Harms Jaime , Warskulat Anne‐Christin , Dudek Bettina , Kunert Grit , Lorenz Sybille , Hansson Bill S. , Schneider Bernd 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite increasing evidence for biosynthetic connections between flower pigments and volatile compounds, examples of such relationships in polymorphic plant species remains limited. Herein, color–scent associations in flowers from Papaver nudicaule (Papaveraceae) have been investigated. The spectral reflectance and scent composition of flowers of four color cultivars was determined. We found that pigments and volatiles occur in specific combinations in flowers of P. nudicaule. The presence of indole in the bouquets is strongly associated with the occurrence of yellow pigments called nudicaulins, for which indole is one of the final biosynthetic precursors. Whereas yellow flowers emit an excess of indole, orange flowers consume it during nudicaulin production and lack the substance in their bouquet. By using the honeybee, Apis mellifera, evaluations were made on how color and scent affect the discrimination of these flowers by pollinators. Honeybees were able to discriminate artificial odor mixtures resembling those of the natural flower odors. Bees trained with stimuli combining colors and odors showed an improved discrimination performance. The results indicate that the indole moiety of nudicaulins and emitted indole might be products of the same biochemical pathway. We propose that conserved pathways account for the evolution of color–scent associations in P. nudicaule and that these associations positively affect flower constancy of pollinators.
An Isotopic Labelling Strategy to Study Cytochrome P450 Oxidations of Terpenes
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Litzenburger Martin , Bernhardt Rita , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP267B1 from Sorangium cellulosum was applied for the enzymatic oxidation of the sesquiterpene alcohols T‐muurolol and isodauc‐8‐en‐11‐ol. Various isotopically labelled geranyl and farnesyl diphosphates were used for product identification from micro‐scale reactions, for the determination of the absolute configurations of unknown compounds, to follow the stereochemical course of a cytochrome P450‐catalysed hydroxylation step, and to investigate kinetic isotope effects. Overall, this study demonstrates that isotopically labelled terpene precursors are highly useful to follow cytochrome P450 dependent oxidations of terpenes.
Left atrial appendage as a vantage point for mapping and ablating premature ventricular contractions originating in the epicardial left ventricular summit
Authors: Benhayon Daniel , Cogan John , Young Ming 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageIdiopathic ventricular tachycardia arising from the LV summit epicardial area can be successfully mapped and possibly ablated from the left atrial appendage.
Photochemically Driven Biocatalysis of Halogenases for the Green Production of Chlorinated Compounds
Authors: Schroeder Lea , Frese Marcel , Müller Caroline , Sewald Norbert , Kottke Tilman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlavin‐dependent tryptophan halogenases provide a regioselective access to chlorinated and brominated indole derivatives under mild conditions. Application of the halogenase requires a regeneration system for the reduced flavin cofactor FADH2, which is usually achieved by enzymatic or chemical reactions. We employed the halogenase PyrH from Streptomyces rugosporus as a model system to establish a photochemical approach by using blue light and a reductant for regeneration of FADH2. In contrast to previous light‐driven biocatalysis using flavin, the conversion of enzyme‐bound flavin in our approach suppresses futile cycles, in which the free flavin reacts with oxygen under generation of H2O2. Within 25 h, 70 % of 0.5 mm tryptophan was converted regioselectively to 5‐chlorotryptophan. Our regeneration system paves the way for production of chlorinated compounds by applying only light, halide salt, air, and a cheap sacrificial electron donor in aqueous solution.
In‐Situ Synthesis of 3D Carbon Coated Zinc‐Cobalt Bimetallic Oxide Networks as Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhong Siyu , Zhang Hang , Fu Jiecai , Shi Huimin , Wang Lei , Zeng Wei , Liu Quanhui , Zhang Guanhua , Duan Huigao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor applications in lithium‐ion batteries, carbon based materials possess high conductivity, whereas transition metal oxides usually show high theoretical lithium ion storage capabilities. Therefore, engineering transition metal oxides into three‐dimensional (3D) carbon networks as anodes is expected to achieve long cycling life and excellent rate performance. Here, we report a facile and environmental friendly method for the in‐situ synthesis of 3D carbon coated bimetallic oxides with porous network structure. The carbon matrix originates from citric acid, which can be used as food additive. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between ultrafine metal oxides and the conductive carbon layers, the as‐synthesized ZnO‐CoO nanoparticles dispersed in the porous carbon network (ZnO‐CoO@C) exhibit faster lithium diffusion kinetics and significantly improved specific capacity at various current densities and extended cycling life (503 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 2000 mA g−1). Full‐cell assemblies using ZnO‐CoO@C as anode and the commercially available material NCM523 as cathode, display a high charging capacity of 94 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1. The simple and cost‐effective synthesis strategy could be motivating for the large‐scale manufacture of other in‐situ carbon coated bimetallic oxides electrodes for promising energy storage devices.
Microfluidic Devices in the Fast‐Growing Domain of Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Khan Mashooq , Mao Sifeng , Li Weiwei , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent advances in cellular analysis revealed that the seemingly identical cells are heterogeneous in term of functionality, compositions, and genetic performance. These differences cause difficulty in the diagnostic for a specific model of disease. Detection of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein or analysis of cell(s), detection of cell surface molecules, and secreted protein, can help us to improve the understanding of a targeted disease and development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A single‐cell includes the minute quantity of these target molecules. Microfluidic devices have the ability to capture a single‐cell and its lysate into a pico or femtoliter volumes droplet, or micro‐well thus preventing dilution and limiting diffusion. In this review we described the advancement and limitations in microfluidic techniques used toward single‐cells analysis.