bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shaping of Science by Ideology: How Feminism Inspired, Led, and Constrained Scientific Understanding of Sex and Gender
Authors: Eagly Alice H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhen the Second Wave of feminism emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, feminist psychologists vigorously attacked earlier scholarship on gender for assuming that women's intrinsic nature accounts for their deficits of power and status. Consistent with the liberal, progressive ideology that has prevailed among feminist psychologists, most of their research on the psychology of gender instead found the causes of women's disadvantage in the social context of women's lives. In particular, social psychologists championed this perspective by providing evidence of the influence of gender stereotypes, social norms, organizational barriers, and sexist prejudices on the behavior of women and men. This approach de‐emphasized other causes of women's disadvantage, notably the self‐construals and personal goals that guide individual choices. In addition, many feminist psychologists rejected biological causation as sexist and reductionist, thereby participating minimally in research on interactive processes by which nature and nurture work together in producing sex differences and similarities. The challenge now facing feminist psychologists is to reach beyond ideological constraints to discover how social, self, and biological causes interact to produce the phenomena of gender.
The pharmacokinetics of moxidectin following intravenous and topical administration to swine
Authors: Xiao Hongzhi , Peng Haoyuan , Zhao Ting , kong Jingyuan , Xue Jiao , Wang Jianzhong , Lin Yalong , zhang Suxia , Cao Xingyuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic parameters of moxidectin (MXD) after intravenous and pour‐on (topical) administration were studied in sixteen pigs at a single dose of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg BW (body weight), respectively. Blood samples were collected at pretreatment time (0 hr) over 40 days. The plasma kinetics were analyzed by WinNonlin 6.3 software through a noncompartmental model. For intravenous administration (n = 8), the elimination half‐life (λZ), the apparent volume of distribution (Vz), and clearance (Cl) were 10.29 ± 1.90 days, 89.575 ± 29.856 L/kg, and 5.699 ± 2.374 L/kg, respectively. For pour‐on administration (n = 8), the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), and λZ were 7.49 ng/ml, 1.72, and 6.20 days, respectively. MXD had a considerably low absolute pour‐on bioavailability of 9.2%, but the mean residence time (MRT) for pour‐on administration 10.88 ± 1.75 days was longer than 8.99 ± 2.48 days for intravenous administration. These results showed that MXD was absorbed via skin rapidly and eliminated slowly. The obtained data might contribute to refine the dosage regime for topical MXD administration.
Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in wild Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) after single intramuscular administration
Authors: Cerreta Anthony J. , Masterson Chris A. , Lewbart Gregory A. , Dise Delta R. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKetorolac is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that possesses potent analgesic activity comparable to morphine. The opioid shortage in the United States has led to an unreliable supply of opioids for use in rehabilitation facilities, thus underscoring the need for research on the safe and effective use of nonopioid alternatives. The goal of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of ketorolac after a single 0.25 mg/kg intramuscular injection administered to injured Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). A sparse blood sampling protocol was used to collect samples from 32 wild turtles that presented to the Turtle Rescue Team at North Carolina State University for traumatic injuries. Blood was collected from 0 to 24 hr after injection and analyzed via high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A nonlinear mixed‐effects (NLME) model was fitted to the data to obtain typical values for population parameters. Using this approach, we identified a long half‐life (T1/2) of 9.78 hr and a volume of distribution (Vss) of 0.26 L/kg. We have concluded that this long T1/2 for a dose of 0.25 mg/kg ketorolac‐injected IM provides plasma levels above a previously published target level for 24‐hour analgesia to allow for once daily dosing.
Ontogenetic variation in diet and habitat of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea
Authors: Jackson‐Ricketts Justine , Ruiz‐Cooley R. Iliana , Junchompoo Chalatip , Thongsukdee Surasak , Intongkham Atichat , Ninwat Santi , Kittiwattanawong Kongkiat , Hines Ellen M. , Costa Daniel P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIrrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) are threatened, little‐known cetaceans primarily jeopardized by fishing gear entanglement. Information regarding life history, foraging ecology, and movement are crucial to determine management units and conservation regions. This is the first analysis of the ontogenetic changes in diet and habitat of Irrawaddy dolphins from the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea using stable isotopes from skin and teeth. Results suggest limited age and sex structure indicated by weak ontogenetic and sexual variability in δ15N and δ13C in teeth. Significant variation in δ13C and δ15N values were observed between three Gulf regions and the Andaman Sea, indicating distinct regional groups. Isotope mixing models run on soft tissues from the eastern Gulf revealed a diet based primarily on fishes and secondarily on crustaceans, suggesting overlap with fishery targets. Conservation strategies that focus on reducing regional competition with humans and bycatch mortality are proposed. Fishing gear improvements and monitoring of fishing operations are a potential immediate response to reduce anthropogenic impact.
Methane emissions from tree stems: a new frontier in the global carbon cycle
Authors: Barba Josep , Bradford Mark A. , Brewer Paul E. , Bruhn Dan , Covey Kristofer , van Haren Joost , Megonigal J. Patrick , Mikkelsen Teis Nørgaard , Pangala Sunitha R. , Pihlatie Mari , Poulter Ben , Rivas‐Ubach Albert , Schadt Christopher W. , Terazawa Kazuhiko , Warner Daniel L. , Zhang Zhen , Vargas Rodrigo 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTree stems from wetland, floodplain and upland forests can produce and emit methane (CH4). Tree CH4 stem emissions have high spatial and temporal variability, but there is no consensus on the biophysical mechanisms that drive stem CH4 production and emissions. Here, we summarize up to 30 opportunities and challenges for stem CH4 emissions research, which, when addressed, will improve estimates of the magnitudes, patterns and drivers of CH4 emissions and trace their potential origin. We identified the need: (1) for both long‐term, high‐frequency measurements of stem CH4 emissions to understand the fine‐scale processes, alongside rapid large‐scale measurements designed to understand the variability across individuals, species and ecosystems; (2) to identify microorganisms and biogeochemical pathways associated with CH4 production; and (3) to develop a mechanistic model including passive and active transport of CH4 from the soil–tree–atmosphere continuum. Addressing these challenges will help to constrain the magnitudes and patterns of CH4 emissions, and allow for the integration of pathways and mechanisms of CH4 production and emissions into process‐based models. These advances will facilitate the upscaling of stem CH4 emissions to the ecosystem level and quantify the role of stem CH4 emissions for the local to global CH4 budget.
Tests of alternative evolutionary models are needed to enhance our understanding of biological invasions
Authors: Burns Jean H. , Murphy Jennifer E. , Zheng Yu‐Long 
Published: November 2018

Contents

Summary
701

I.
Introduction
701

II.
Why we need an explicitly evolutionary perspective
702

III.
A case study invasion experiment
702

IV.
The way forward
703

V.
Conclusions
705

Acknowledgements
706

References
706

SummaryComparing models of trait evolution might generate new insights into the role of evolutionary history in biological invasions. Assumptions underlying Darwin's naturalization conundrum suggest that close relatives are functionally similar. However, newer work is suggesting more complex relationships between phylogenetic and functional distance. We present an example in which communities of close relatives are functionally divergent in leaf traits and have greater invader biomass. Such an approach leads to new questions, such as: When might selection lead to divergence between close relatives? For example, a history of sympatry might correspond with divergence. We suggest that moving beyond a simplistic version of Darwin's naturalization conundrum as alternative hypotheses will lead to a more nuanced view on how evolution has shaped biological invasions.
Successful cryoablation of atrial fibrillation from jugular approach in patient with interrupted inferior vena cava and azygos continuation
Authors: Kanat Selçuk , Çakır Hakan , Tütüncü Ahmet , Tenekecioglu Erhan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe herein report successful cryoablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation via right jugular vein in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava. We preferred cryoablation instead of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of our patient. For stronger support in aiming the Brockenbrough needle toward the septum, we manuallly curved the needle with a 120° angle about 6 cm proximal to the tip. After successful transseptal puncture, we performed balloon dilatation in the septal puncture zone to facilitate passage. Cryoablation has theoretical advantage, particularly in challenging anatomies, in which it eliminates the need for point‐by‐point ablation around the pulmonary vein.
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferases from the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Duarte‐Coello María E. , Herrera‐Valencia Virginia A. , Echevarría‐Machado Ileana , Casais‐Molina Melissa L. , Peraza‐Echeverria Santy 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARYGlycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) catalyzes the first step of both the glycerolipid and the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic pathways. In plants, there are different isozymes for GPAT in different organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane‐bound GPAT and the soluble chloroplast (plastid) GPAT. In microalgae, studies on GPAT have been limited; only the microsomal TpGPAT from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana has been characterized by enzymatic assay using heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the present study, we report the cloning and sequence analysis of two genes encoding GPAT isozymes from the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, CrGPATer and CrGPATcl. CrGPATer is a homolog to Arabidopsis thaliana AtGPAT9, which encodes an ER‐located GPAT, and CrGPATcl is a homolog to A. thaliana ATS1, which encodes a chloroplast‐located GPAT. We mapped the 3′UTRs of both CrGPATer and CrGPATcl and identified three alternative splicings in CrGPATer mRNA and two in CrGPATcl mRNA. Interestingly, one of these splicings results from a trans‐splicing event in CrGPATer mRNA. The heterologous expression of the cDNAs from each gene in the S. cerevisiae gat1Δ mutant demonstrated, for the first time, that both CrGPATer and CrGPATcl show GPAT activity. Moreover, GPAT activity for CrGPATer was detected in the membrane extract, while that for CrGPATcl was detected in both the soluble and membrane extracts. Overall, these findings represent an important contribution to the better understanding of lipid metabolism in C. reinhardtii and in green microalgae in general.
Quantitative Assessment of the Health Risk for Livestock When Animal Viruses Are Applied in Human Oncolytic Therapy: A Case Study for Seneca Valley Virus
Authors: Schijven Jack , Brizee Sabrina , Teunis Peter , de Vos Clazien , Eblé Phaedra , Rutjes Saskia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSome viruses cause tumor regression and can be used to treat cancer patients; these viruses are called oncolytic viruses. To assess whether oncolytic viruses from animal origin excreted by patients pose a health risk for livestock, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was performed to estimate the risk for the Dutch pig industry after environmental release of Seneca Valley virus (SVV). The QRA assumed SVV excretion in stool by one cancer patient on Day 1 in the Netherlands, discharge of SVV with treated wastewater into the river Meuse, downstream intake of river water for drinking water production, and consumption of this drinking water by pigs. Dose–response curves for SVV infection and clinical disease in pigs were constructed from experimental data. In the worst scenario (four log10 virus reduction by drinking water treatment and a farm with 10,000 pigs), the infection risk is less than 1% with 95% certainty. The risk of clinical disease is almost seven orders of magnitude lower. Risks may increase proportionally with the numbers of treated patients and days of virus excretion. These data indicate that application of wild‐type oncolytic animal viruses may infect susceptible livestock. A QRA regarding the use of oncolytic animal virus is, therefore, highly recommended. For this, data on excretion by patients, and dose–response parameters for infection and clinical disease in livestock, should be studied.
The role of a class III gibberellin 2‐oxidase in tomato internode elongation
Authors: Schrager‐Lavelle Amanda , Gath Natalie N. , Devisetty Upendra K. , Carrera Esther , López‐Díaz Isabel , Blázquez Miguel A. , Maloof Julin N. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA network of environmental inputs and internal signaling controls plant growth, development and organ elongation. In particular, the growth‐promoting hormone gibberellin (GA) has been shown to play a significant role in organ elongation. The use of tomato as a model organism to study elongation presents an opportunity to study the genetic control of internode‐specific elongation in a eudicot species with a sympodial growth habit and substantial internodes that can and do respond to external stimuli. To investigate internode elongation, a mutant with an elongated hypocotyl and internodes but wild‐type petioles was identified through a forward genetic screen. In addition to stem‐specific elongation, this mutant, named tomato internode elongated ‐1 (tie‐1) is more sensitive to the GA biosynthetic inhibitor paclobutrazol and has altered levels of intermediate and bioactive GAs compared with wild‐type plants. The mutation responsible for the internode elongation phenotype was mapped to GA2oxidase 7, a class III GA 2‐oxidase in the GA biosynthetic pathway, through a bulked segregant analysis and bioinformatic pipeline, and confirmed by transgenic complementation. Furthermore, bacterially expressed recombinant TIE protein was shown to have bona fide GA 2‐oxidase activity. These results define a critical role for this gene in internode elongation and are significant because they further the understanding of the role of GA biosynthetic genes in organ‐specific elongation.
Platelet α‐granules modulate the inflammatory response under systemic lipopolysaccharide injection in mice
Authors: Tariket Sofiane , Guerrero Jose A. , Garraud Olivier , Ghevaert Cedric , Cognasse Fabrice 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDBeyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are also important mediators of inflammation by the release of hundreds of factors stored in their α‐granules. Mutations in Nbeal2 cause gray platelet syndrome (GPS), characterized by the lack of platelet α‐granules. This study aims to evaluate the immunological (proinflammatory) effects of platelet α‐granules.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed an experiment using Nbeal2−/− mice, the mouse model of GPS. Systemic inflammation was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory response was assessed by quantification of inflammatory soluble factors and platelet biological response modifiers.RESULTSThe lack of Nbeal2 (in Nbeal2
−/− mice, compared with controls) significantly reduced the recruitment of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, after LPS injection, there was a significant increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts in control animals, compared with Nbeal2
−/− mice. The control of inflammation, evaluated by the production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, appeared to be greater in Nbeal2−/− mice compared with controls. Conversely, the production of certain inflammatory‐soluble mediators known to characterize normal platelet secretion, such as soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), was decreased under experimental inflammation in Nbeal2
−/− mice.CONCLUSIONSThese results show that α‐granules play a direct role in platelet‐mediated inflammation balance, confirming the need to further investigate platelet‐associated inflammatory pathophysiology and inflammatory adverse events related to blood transfusion.
Cerebral autoregulation in premature infants during the first 96 hours of life and relationship to adverse outcomes
Authors: Hoffman Suma B , Cheng Yun-Ju , Magder Laurence S , Shet Narendra , Viscardi Rose M 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that impaired cerebral autoregulation (ICA) increases the susceptibility of premature infants to adverse outcomes, we determined the relationship of ICA and cerebral reactivity (CR) measured in the first 96 hours of life to the outcome of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and/or death within 1 month.SettingSingle-centre level IV neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsNeonates 24–29 weeks’ gestation less than 12 hours old with invasive blood pressure monitoring.DesignCerebral saturations and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded every 30 s for 96 hours. For each 10 min epoch, the correlation coefficient (r) was calculated for mean arterial blood pressure versus cerebral saturations. The epoch was considered to have ICA if r>0.5 and CR if r<0.ResultsSixty-one subjects were included. During the first 96 hours, ICA occurred 17.6% and CR occurred 41% of recorded time. In those without adverse outcomes, ICA decreased and CR increased by postnatal day (p<0.05). Adjusted for birth weight and gestational age, those with IVH and those who died spent more time with ICA and less time with CR (p<0.05) over the entire recording period. Those with IVH had 1.5-fold increase in time with ICA on day 2 (p=0.021), and decrease in time with CR on day 3 (p=0.036). Compared with survivors, non-survivors spent more time with ICA on days 3 and 4 (p<0.005), and less with CR on day 3 (p=0.032).ConclusionICA and CR vary by postnatal day and these patterns are associated with adverse outcomes.
Is cupping therapy effective in patients with neck pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Seoyoun , Lee Sook-Hyun , Kim Me-Riong , Kim Eun-Jung , Hwang Deok-Sang , Lee Jinho , Shin Joon-Shik , Ha In-Hyuk , Lee Yoon Jae 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesNeck pain is a significant condition that is second only to depression as a cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Thus, identifying and understanding effective treatment modalities for neck pain is of heightened importance. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of cupping on neck pain from the current literature.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).SettingNine databases, including Chinese, Korean and Japanese databases, were searched for data up to January 2018 with no restrictions on publication language.ParticipantsPatients with neck pain.InterventionsCupping therapy as the sole or add-on intervention compared with no treatment or active controls.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPain severity, functional disability and quality of life.ResultsEighteen RCTs were selected. Compared with the no intervention group, the cupping group exhibited significant reduction in pain (mean difference (MD) −2.42(95% CI −3.98 to −0.86)) and improvement in function (MD −4.34(95% CI −6.77 to −1.19)). Compared with the active control, the cupping group reported significant reduction in pain (p=0.0009) and significantly improved quality of life (p=0.001). The group that received control treatment with cupping therapy (add-on group) displayed significant pain reduction compared with the active control group (p=0.001). Of the 18 studies, only 8 reported occurrence of adverse events, which were mostly mild and temporary.ConclusionsCupping was found to reduce neck pain in patients compared with no intervention or active control groups, or as an add-on treatment. Depending on the type of control group, cupping was also associated with significant improvement in terms of function and quality of life; however, due to the low quality of evidence of the included studies, definitive conclusions could not be drawn from this review. Future well-designed studies are needed to substantiate the effectiveness of cupping on neck pain.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016047218.
Effects and costs of implementing predictive risk stratification in primary care: a randomised stepped wedge trial
Authors: Snooks Helen , Bailey-Jones Kerry , Burge-Jones Deborah , Dale Jeremy , Davies Jan , Evans Bridie Angela , Farr Angela , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Heaven Martin , Howson Helen , Hutchings Hayley , John Gareth , Kingston Mark , Lewis Leo , Phillips Ceri , Porter Alison , Sewell Bernadette , Warm Daniel , Watkins Alan , Whitman Shirley , Williams Victoria , Russell Ian 
Published: November 2018

AimWe evaluated the introduction of a predictive risk stratification model (PRISM) into primary care. Contemporaneously National Health Service (NHS) Wales introduced Quality and Outcomes Framework payments to general practices to focus care on those at highest risk of emergency admission to hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the costs and effects of introducing PRISM into primary care.MethodsRandomised stepped wedge trial with 32 general practices in one Welsh health board. The intervention comprised: PRISM software; practice-based training; clinical support through two ‘general practitioner (GP) champions’ and technical support. The primary outcome was emergency hospital admissions.ResultsAcross 230 099 participants, PRISM implementation increased use of health services: emergency hospital admission rates by 1 % when untransformed (while change in log-transformed rate ΔL=0.011, 95% CI 0.010 to 0.013); emergency department (ED) attendance rates by untransformed 3 % (while ΔL=0.030, 95% CI 0.028 to 0.032); outpatient visit rates by untransformed 5 % (while ΔL=0.055, 95% CI 0.051 to 0.058); the proportion of days with recorded GP activity by untransformed 1 % (while ΔL=0.011, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.014) and time in hospital by untransformed 3 % (while ΔL=0.029, 95% CI 0.026 to 0.031). Thus NHS costs per participant increased by £76 (95% CI £46 to £106).ConclusionsIntroduction of PRISM resulted in a statistically significant increase in emergency hospital admissions and use of other NHS services without evidence of benefits to patients or the NHS.