bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban form in special geographical conditions: a case study in Kenting National Park
Authors: Chen Chih-Hung , Chuang Chun-Ya 
Published: July 2018

Urban form in special geographical conditions: a case study in Kenting National Park. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chun-Ya Chuang¹ ¹Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords: Kenting National Park, special geographical conditions, Historico-Geographical approach, morphotope Conference topics and scale: City transformations Since the land surface is heterogeneous, the natural landscape as an essential element in contemporary morphological studies becomes the initial factor in the formation of a settlement. Moreover, the interaction with natural landscape, built form and the boundary matrix can illuminate ecological perspective on the form of the city. (Scheer, 2016) To understand the urban form under special geographical conditions, a case study is conducted in Kenting National Park, which is a tropical area with rich landscape such as moutains, lakes and rivers, plains, basins, and surrounded by seas. An analytical approach based on Historico-Geographical approach (Kropf, 2009; Oliveira, 2016) is applied in this paper. After identifying the scope of 42 settlements, there are three outer shape types such as compact, scattered, linear. Then, three kinds of morphotopes (Conzen, 1988) can mainly be figured out by comparing the combination between streets, buildings and plots: i) Detached, duplex houses on small plots along the access road; ii) Attached buildings on small plots along the main road; iii) Villas or hotels on large plots along the main road. Finally, the relationship between the larger plan units (Conzen, 1960) and the geographical conditions shows that the homogeneous configuration of plan units corresponds to the certain landscape. On the other hand, this article seeks to find out the impacts and changes caused by special geographical conditions in consequence of the landscape affects not only the formation of urban form but the evolution because its influence on socio-economic conditions. References Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A study in Town-plan Analysis (Institute of British Geographers, London). Conzen, M.R.G. (1988) ‘Morphogenesis, morphological regions, and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by Ludlow’, in Urban Historical Geography. Recent progress in Britain and Germany, 253-272. Kropf, K. (2009) ‘Aspects of urban form’, Urban morphology 13(2), 105-20. Oliveira, V. (2016) Urban Morphology (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland), 102-111. Scheer, B. C. (2016) ‘The epistemology of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 20, 5-17.
Study of morphological structures of historical centres as a basic toll for understanding the new conditions of social habitat. Quito, Siracusa and Suzhou
Authors: Rosero Veronica , Gritti Andrea , Dall'Asta Juan Carlos , Porreca Riccardo , Rocchio Daniele , Tagliabue Franco 
Published: July 2018

In the age of globalization, architecture (through an identity crisis) is directly connected with the loss of progressive recognition of morphological studies of city and territory, in a gradual replacement with real-time views of phenomena and urban facts. The satellite gaze finally flattens the interpretation ability of living spaces that were the prerogative of the morphological studies. The actual complexity of cities and territories escapes from the architect's eyes as they increase their technical capability to know details. The season of great renovations and methodological studies that had powered the 1960s, 70s and 80s seems hopelessly distant. Studies on social, economic, and environmental components of the cities and territories (infrastructure, public space, environmental networks) are so proliferated without actually being supported by adequate interpretations of their physical-spatial dynamics. The result: a substantial failure of architectural design to express human habitat visions. It is imperative a theoretical and practical effort to pick up the threads of an interrupted conversation, and return where these studies have expressed their richest potential: the historical centers, the places with most dense and rich heritage. Historical centers of cities like Quito, Siracusa and Suzhou have settled and stratified the morphological structures of several different settlement patterns. As a result, architecture has demonstrated an ability of description and interpretation. Reflecting on how this goal was reached in these cities (by means much less powerful than the current) settlement will be able to bid the morphological component of urban and regional studies and architecture project as a fundamental tool for understanding the human habitat.
Agro-Urban Landscape: the case study of Monteruscello-Naples
Authors: Como Alessandra , Smeragliuolo Perrotta Luisa , Vece Carlo 
Published: July 2018

If the morphology and the studies on the urban form are closely related to the social aspects and are responsibility of architects and policy makers, the issue becomes even more complicated if we're talking about cities with a high number of buildings under public ownership or urban fragments with important dimensions. In Italy there is a very rare case of recent foundation that is the neighborhood Monteruscello in the city of Pozzuoli. Built in the 80s to face the bradisism events that had made uninhabitable other city areas, Monteruscello today, for its dimension, can be considered a "city in the city" where the 90% of the buildings are under public ownership. The neighborhood's project is designed by Agostino Renna who had built Monteruscello through analogical composition with fragments of spatial references of other places and cities. The architect has put in the neighborhood - mainly made up of rural areas - its urban model adapting it to the specific geography of places. During the years the neighborhood has never built an own identity becoming one of the most degraded areas of the city. The paper deals with the issue of urban form and morphology today starting from the study of Monteruscello - as imagined by its creator through the critical issues that underlie its design - and through an experimental design of a new agro-urban landscape for the neighborhood that involves three hectares of public green spaces - now abandoned - turning them into agricultural lands to urban use and growth resource. References Renna, A. (ed.) (1980) L’illusione e i cristalli : immagini di architettura per una terra di provincia (Clear, Roma) Giglia, A. (1997) Crisi e ricostruzione di uno spazio urbano : dopo il bradisismo a Pozzuoli : una ricerca antropologica su Monteruscello (Guerini, Milano) Capozzi, R. (ed.) (2016) Agostino Renna : la forma della città (Clean, Napoli) Pagano, L. (ed) (2012) Agostino Renna : rimontaggio di un pensiero sulla conoscenza dell’architettura : antologia di scritti e progetti 1964-1988 (Clean, Napoli)
The project “DiverCity – intercultural urban perception”
Authors: Lehmann Katharina 
Published: July 2018

The project "DiverCity" observes spatial diversity in cities from an intersectional point of view and analyzesdifferent forms of urban life with an interdisciplinary approach. The main reason for this research is given by raising sociocultural coexistences living together in urban spaces; a subject that occupies the man from the beginning of his settlements, actually since the early development of cities. In spite of the social changes that are produced within modern urban lifes, the debate about social life very often seems more a matter rooted in politics than in everyday life itself. Societies generate solutions and create its own concept of coexistence, very since allowing joint relationships between different spheres and social groups. But how is this actually done? These dynamics are precisely the main object of investigation in the "DiverCity" project. It therefore focuses its study on socio-cultural minorities and their perception of urban space. This is basically examined in two cities of different dimensions, a small and larger city in Germany, Lüneburg and Hamburg. The investigated minority groups are Muslims, people with disabilities, homeless people and homosexuals. Using empirical social research methods, especially based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation, the urban and spatial perception of the mentioned groups was examined and compared to each other. The presentation shows the first results of the analyzes carried out in Hamburg and Lüneburg as well as the planned extension of the project and its realization in Argentina.
Making the Most of Daylight in Town Planning
Authors: Sundborg Bengt 
Published: July 2018

Making the most of daylight in town planning is one of the important ingredients in the attempts for the sustainable city. Exactly 150 years ago Ildefons Cerdà presented his great work “Teoría General de la Urbanización” including methods for taking care of sunlight. However, with modern software, the possibilities to do comprehensive preparations are much better. This paper presents an urban typology considering daylight with basic geometric forms, shapes and patterns. Later this will be elaborated more in detail. The research includes three steps; choosing typical alternatives for settlements and designing some new principle urban solutions, calculations and evaluations of the alternatives considering especially energy saving. The quality and the quantity of daylight are dependent of the geometry of the urban spaces. That means the volumes for the buildings as well as the empty spaces in between. The accessibility for diffuse daylight from the sky and for direct rays from the sun is measurable by computer calculations where the sun angles and the skylight from the hemisphere are simulated. Relevant parameters are height, width and length. In a settlement with a high urban density it is more difficult to distribute daylight than in a settlement with low density. However the economy for exploitations is also worse with lower density. Therefore the comparisons between different settlements are with the same density. The orientation of the settlements according to the compass is of crucial importance looking to the direct sunlight and the shadows. How the local environment with parks, water, mountains and specific landmarks in the surroundings also affects the daylight distribution is included.References (100 words) Dubois, M.-C., Gentile, N., Amorim, C., Osterhaus, W., Stoffer, S.,Jakobiak, R., Geisler-Moroder, D., Matusiak, B., Onarheim, F. M., Tetri, E. (2016) Performance Evaluation of Lighting and Daylighting Retrofits: Results from IEA SHC Task 50. (Energy Procedia. vol. 91). Littefair, P. J. (2011) Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: a guide to good practice (BRE, Building Research Establishment, IHS BRE Press, Watford). Rode, P., Keim, C., Robazza, G., Viejo, P. and Schofield, J. (2014) Cities and energy: urban morphology and heat energy demand (LSE, London School of Economics, Cities and EIFER, European Institute for Energy Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, London).
Understanding ISIS's Destruction of Antiquities as a Rejection of Nationalism
Authors: Jones Christopher W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article argues that the campaign of antiquities destruction waged by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) should be understood in the context of the group's rejection of the nation-state. The Ba'athist regimes of Iraq and Syria used archaeology not only as a tool to promote national unity but also as an ideological narrative to portray their states as continual recapitulations of their pasts. As a result, the pre-Islamic past came to be associated with secular nationalism. Since the secular state demands obedience to secular law, ISIS views it as idolatrous as it demands allegiance apart from God. The group considers the secular sacralization of antiquities in support of nationalism to be an aspect of this form of idolatry that justifies their destruction. Future efforts at cultural heritage preservation in the region will need to take into account the decline of Arab nationalist movements which once supported them.
O členství občanů jiných členských států Evropské unie v českých politických stranách
Authors: Skalka Tibor 
Published: July 2018

Článek komplexně analyzuje otázku členství unijních občanů v českých politických stranách v kontextu zákona č. 424/1991 Sb., o sdružování v politických stranách a v politických hnutích. Autor opouští většinový názor, že členy tuzemských politických stran mohou být jen státní občané České republiky, a na základě rozboru platné právní úpravy a rozhodných okolností dokládá, že nic nebrání tomu, aby se o členství v českých politických stranách mohli ucházet i občané jiných členských státu Evropské unie.
Ukládání správních trestů za účinnosti nové právní úpravy (nejen na příkladu přitěžujících a polehčujících okolností)
Authors: Jílková Nikola 
Published: July 2018

Pro veřejnou správu, v podmínkách právního státu, je nezbytné zajistit relativně volně určenou obsahovou stánku jejího výkonu, aby mohla pružně zajišťovat realizaci moci exekutivní. K zajištění jejího chodu je veřejná správa nadána mj. oprávněním trestat (rozhodovat o vině a trestu za správní delikty) a s tímto souvisí uvážení správního orgánu o spravedlivém a přiměřeném správním trestu, tedy o volbě jeho druhu a výměry. Vedle zásady zákonnosti je jedním ze stěžejních principů při správním uvážení princip přiměřenosti, který dává rámec správním orgánům při stanovování druhu a výměry správních trestů. Autorka se proto věnuje v textu tomuto principu, neboť dává limity správním orgánům v jejich správním uvážení.Mezi základní kritéria napomáhající ukládat přiměřený správní trest vedle určení povahy a závažnosti přestupku a zohlednění absence společného řízení o přestupku neodmyslitelně patří polehčující a přitěžující okolnosti  působící jako vodítko pro správné a spravedlivé určení správního trestu. Autorka nejdříve poukáže na aktuální postavení správního trestání v ČR a v této souvislosti se zaměří na problematiku ukládání správních trestů a roli přitěžujících a polehčujících okolností nejen dle zákona č. 250/2016 Sb., o odpovědnosti za přestupky a řízení o nich, ale i v judikatuře správních soudů. Tento příspěvek si neklade za cíl suplovat roli komentářů k přestupkovému zákonu. Zejména z důvodu rozsahu se proto nevěnuje každé jednotlivé okolnosti zvlášť, ale spíše se snaží poukázat na některé další závěry vyplývající z odborné literatury, nebo z judikatury.
“Lagom Jurisdiction” – What Viking Drinking Ettiquette Can Teach Us about Internet Jurisdiction and Google France
Authors: Svantesson Dan 
Published: July 2018

The law of Internet jurisdiction is facing a crisis. While there is widespread and growing recognition that we cannot anchor Internet jurisdiction in the outdated, typically overstated, and often misunderstood, territoriality principle, few realistic alternatives have been advanced so far.This article seeks to provide an insight into the conceptual mess that is the international law on jurisdiction; focusing specifically on the concepts of sovereignty and jurisdiction, with limited attention also given to the impact of comity, and international human rights law. These issues are studied through the lens of the so-called Google France case that comes before the CJEU in 2018. The article argues that we may usefully turn to the Swedish “lagom” concept – which allegedly stems from Viking era drinking etiquette – as a guiding principle for how we approach Internet jurisdiction.
Privacy in Public Space: Conceptual and Regulatory Challenges. Timan, T.; Newell, B. C.; Koops, B.-J. (eds.)
Authors: Míšek Jakub 
Published: July 2018

Timan, T.; Newell, B. C.; Koops, B.-J. (eds.). (2017) Privacy in Public Space: Conceptual and Regulatory Challenges. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 315 p.
A educação na era da responsabilidade e da ética: desafios a um futuro mais digno
Authors: Sayão Sandro Cozza 
Published: July 2018

Vivemos em tempos de redefinições. Antigas verdades e certezas no campo da ética e da moral, não mais sustentam nossas esperanças e não mais acalentam nosso sonho de um mundo mais justo e desenvolvido. As muitas guerras, fratricídios e genocídios, o stress e a violência urbana, a destruição ambiental e moral em meio a um mundo em que as coisas estão ao alcance das mãos, são exemplos claros de que precisamos mudar profundamente nosso modo ver, sentir e agir. Vivemos em tempos onde a cada dia nos damos conta de que não é possível prosseguir com a forma desrespeitosa, espoliativa e egoísta que vem ameaçando a vida como um todo. Em resposta a tudo isso, a educação tornar-se, aos poucos, instância critica de promoção de um novo modo de ser, mais do que transmissora de dados e costumes antigos que em muitos casos estão atrelados à violência. Nisso ultrapassa o papel de gestora cognitiva de um aprendizado linear e simplista de conhecimentos, para se fazer espaço de abertura, discussão, troca e relação. Este texto trata exatamente dessa nova configuração da educação e de seu alinhamento com a ética e com uma possibilidade alternativa de leitura do humano, isso como forma de se concretizar a perspectiva de um modo de ser mais justo à vida como um todo.Palavras-chave: ética, educação, sentido do humano, Levinas.
Major medical causes by breed and life stage for dogs presented at veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea: a survey of electronic medical records
Authors: Kim Eunju , Choe Changyong , Yoo Jae Gyu , Oh Sang-Ik , Jung Younghun , Cho Ara , Kim Suhee , Do Yoon Jung 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAge and breed are considered the greatest risk factors for disease prevalence and mortality in companion dogs. Understanding the prevalence of diseases, in relation to age and breed, would support appropriate guidance for future health care strategies and provide useful information for the early diagnosis of diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the major medical causes for dogs visiting primary-care veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea, stratified by age and breed.MethodsA total of 15,531 medical records of canine patients were analyzed from 11 veterinary clinics who shared data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. An electronic medical record (EMR) system was used for data collection, which included the animal identification number, age, breed, gender, neuter status, clinical information, and diagnosis. EMR data were classified using the International Classification of Disease system from the World Health Organization; presenting signs or diagnoses were identified according to breed and life stage.ResultsWithin the age groups, preventive medicine (16.7% confidence intervals (CI) [15.9–17.5]) was the most common cause for clinic visits for the <1 year and 1–3 year groups. Additionally, neutering surgery (6.6% CI [6.0–7.1]) and patella luxation (1.4% CI [1.8–2.7]) were frequently performed in these age groups. In the 4–6 year group, otitis externa (8.8% CI [7.8–10.0]) and dermatitis or eczema (8.5% CI [7.5–9.6]) were common medical problems. In older dogs (>10 year), the prevalences of heart disease, kidney disease, Cushing’s disease, and mammary tumors were higher than in the other age groups. Small and toy breed dogs comprised 67.7% of all dogs in this analysis. For all breeds, otitis externa, dermatitis or eczema, vomiting, and diarrhea were common medical problems.DiscussionThis study identified the most common medical disorders and differences in prevalences of diseases, according to age and breeds. The information from EMRs for dogs visiting primary-care veterinary clinics can provide background knowledge that is required to enable a better understanding of disease patterns and occurrence by age and breeds. The information from this study could enable the creation of strategies for preventing diseases and enable the identification of health problems for more effective disease management in companion dogs.
AnnotationBustR: an R package to extract subsequences from GenBank annotations
Authors: Borstein Samuel R. , O’Meara Brian C. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundDNA sequences are pivotal for a wide array of research in biology. Large sequence databases, like GenBank, provide an amazing resource to utilize DNA sequences for large scale analyses. However, many sequence records on GenBank contain more than one gene or are portions of genomes. Inconsistencies in the way genes are annotated and the numerous synonyms a single gene may be listed under provide major challenges for extracting large numbers of subsequences for comparative analysis across taxa. At present, there is no easy way to extract portions from many GenBank accessions based on annotations where gene names may vary extensively.ResultsThe R packageAnnotationBustRallows users to extract sequences based on GenBank annotations through the ACNUC retrieval system given search terms of gene synonyms and accession numbers.AnnotationBustRextracts subsequences of interest and then writes them to a FASTA file for users to employ in their research endeavors.ConclusionFASTA files of extracted subsequences and accession tables generated byAnnotationBustRallow users to quickly find and extract subsequences from GenBank accessions. These sequences can then be incorporated in various analyses, like the construction of phylogenies to test a wide range of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses.
Age of onset of cannabis use and decision making under uncertainty
Authors: Alameda-Bailén Jose Ramón , Salguero-Alcañiz Pilar , Merchán-Clavellino Ana , Paíno-Quesada Susana 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveCannabis, like other substances, negatively affects health, inducing respiratory problems and mental and cognitive alterations. Memory and learning disorders, as well as executive dysfunctions, are also neuropsychological disorders associated to cannabis use. Recent evidence reveals that cannabis use during adolescence may disrupt the normal development of the brain. This study is aimed to analyze possible differences between early-onset and late-onset cannabis consumers.MethodWe used a task based on a card game with four decks and different programs of gains/losses. A total of 72 subjects (19 women; 53 men) participated in the study; they were selected through a purposive sampling and divided into three groups: early-onset consumers, late-onset consumers, and control (non-consumers). The task used was the “Cartas” program (computerized version based on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)), with two versions: direct and inverse. The computational model “Prospect Valence Learning” (PVL) was applied in order to describe the decision according to four characteristics: utility, loss aversion, recency, and consistency.ResultsThe results evidence worst performance in the IGT in the early-onset consumers as compared to late-onset consumers and control. Differences between groups were also found in the PVL computational model parameters, since the process of decision making of the early-onset consumers was more influenced by the magnitude of the gains-losses, and more determined by short-term results without loss aversion.ConclusionsEarly onset cannabis use may involve decision-making problems, and therefore intervention programs are necessary in order to reduce the prevalence and delay the onset of cannabis use among teenagers.