bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grammaticalization in Oceanic languages
Authors: Moyse-Faurie Claire 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter investigates the main grammaticalization processes found in Oceanic languages. In connection with verbs of posture and localization (‘sit’, ‘be at a place’), of motion (‘go up/down’, ‘come’, ‘return’, ‘follow’) and with verbs such as ‘take’, ‘make’, ‘do’ as sources, different paths of development will be described that give rise to various grammatical morphemes, often preserving the original function and meaning of the verb. A few cases of grammaticalization involving nouns, as well as cases of relexification and unusual developments such as ‘degrammation’, will be discussed as well. The perspective of my analysis will be both a typological and a semantic one, underlining the importance of spatial representation, the contribution of serial verb constructions, and the role of metonymy and reanalysis in the grammaticalization processes found in Oceanic languages.
Diachronic stories of body-part nouns in some language families of South America
Authors: Zariquiey Roberto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present chapter deals with some well-attested diachronic developments of body-part nouns in languages belonging to a sample of language families of South America. Body-part nouns in these languages are often implicated in the development of locative adpositions, classifiers of different sorts, and body-part prefixes (as described for Panoan languages). This chapter argues that it is possible to postulate at least four different source constructions for these developments, including incorporated nouns, derivative compounds, generic genitives, and locative compounds. As shown in this chapter, there is an intrinsic relation between these constructions and body-part nouns, and this fact, in addition to the special cognitive nature of body-part expressions, may explain why these nouns undergo the grammaticalization processes described here. Due to its widespread distribution, the recruitment of body-part nouns for the development of grammatical elements such as adpositions, classifiers, and prefixes might be considered an areal feature of South American languages.
Addressing questions of grammaticalization in creoles
Authors: Smith Hiram L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClaims about grammaticalization in creole languages are often made without applying empirical tests. For Palenquero Creole, the habitual morpheme asé bears formal resemblance to Spanish hacer ‘do’, providing easy fodder for provenance theorists. While the origins of asé have been debated for decades, we have no studies. In the present study, claims made by scholars were converted into testable hypotheses which make specific synchronic predications regarding asé’s functions and distributions relative to attested cross-linguistic trends in the development of tense and aspect expressions. Rigorous tests or ‘grammaticalization indices’ were then applied in order to determine asé’s degree of conformity. The results of multivariate analysis revealed that asé is walking a tightrope of being an emerging yet advancing grammatical morpheme, although not obligatory. I stress that it was only through the application of accountable data mining and analytical procedures that we could build a solid case for grammaticalization of asé habitual.
Is grammaticalization in creoles different?
Authors: McWhorter John H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMost work on creoles and grammaticalization has focused on creoles’ calquing of grammaticalizations in their source languages, which is of little import to scholars of grammaticalization itself. Beyond this, arguments that creoles emerge not from pidgins but from the same kind of language mixture that yields other languages has discouraged any sense that creoles’ grammaticalizations are of any particular interest. I argue here that this sense is mistaken. There is indeed no kind of grammaticalization particular to creole languages. However, grammaticalization has taken place at a much more rapid rate, and has been more prolific, in creoles than in older languages, as can be seen in how much of Saramaccan’s grammatical machinery is traceable to grammaticalization after the language’s emergence. I propose that the reason for this proliferation is that creoles originally, even as full languages, have more ‘space’ for the emergence of new items because of their origin in second-language acquisition of a highly substractive nature—i.e. what many analysts would term ‘pidginization’.
Generalized Kähler Metrics from Hamiltonian Deformations
Authors: Gualtieri Marco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter provides a new characterization of generalized Kähler structures in terms of the corresponding complex Dirac structures. It then gives an alternative proof of Hitchin’s partial unobstructedness for holomorphic Poisson structures. Its main application is to show that there is a corresponding unobstructedness result for arbitrary generalized Kähler structures. That is, it shows that any generalized Kähler structure may be deformed in such a way that one of its underlying holomorphic Poisson structures remains fixed, while the other deforms via Hitchin’s deformation. Finally, it indicates a close relationship between this deformation and the notion of a Hamiltonian family of Poisson structures.
Spectral Curves for the Triple Reduced Product of Coadjoint Orbits for SU(3)
Authors: Hurtubise Jacques , Jeffrey Lisa , Rayan Steven , Selick Paul , Weitsman Jonathan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter gives an identification of the triple reduced product of three coadjoint orbits in SU(3) with a space of Hitchin pairs over a genus zero curve with three punctures, where the residues of the Higgs field at the punctures are constrained to lie in fixed coadjoint orbits. Using spectral curves for the corresponding Hitchin system, the chapter identifies the moment map for a Hamiltonian circle action on the reduced product. Finally, the chapter makes use of results from Adams, Harnad and Hurtubise to find Darboux coordinates and a differential equation for the Hamiltonian.
Basic notions
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano , Groenendijk Jeroen , Roelofsen Floris 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chapter 2 specifies how issues, information states, propositions, and conversational contexts are formally defined in inquisitive semantics. It also defines a number of fundamental relations that may hold between such entities. For instance, it specifies what it means for an information state to resolve an issue or to support a proposition, what it means for a context to be updated with a proposition, and when one proposition entails another.
Questions
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano , Groenendijk Jeroen , Roelofsen Floris 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chapter 5 discusses how the meaning of various types of questions in English can be captured in the basic inquisitive semantics framework presented in the previous chapters. Several kinds of questions, including polar questions, alternative questions, and wh-questions, are given a formal analysis. Question coordination and conditional questions are also considered.
Conditionals
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano , Groenendijk Jeroen , Roelofsen Floris 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chapter 7 argues that inquisitive semantics is not only relevant for questions, but also for statements. The argument is based on recent experimental work on counterfactual conditionals, which shows that even if two premises A and B have exactly the same truth-conditions, the counterfactuals “If A then C” and “If B then C” may have different truth conditions. This means that it is impossible to give a compositional account of counterfactuals based on a purely truth-conditional notion of meaning. On the other hand, the relevant contrast finds a natural explanation once conditionals are analysed in inquisitive semantics. Further benefits of the account are discussed as well: it solves a well-known problem that classical analyses of conditionals have with disjunctive antecedents, and it naturally extends to unconditionals and conditional questions.
Setting down the footprint: from war to war, 1919–1945
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The first quarter of a century of Sanlam in the long-term insurance business was characterized by strong centralized bureaucratic management, an unmistakeably Afrikaner cultural hub at Head Office, and attention to the professional training of agents. The company growth was solid and slowly gained market share through innovative products and attention to service. A close connection between Afrikaner cultural and political leadership was prevalent throughout this period. Sanlam used this nationalist allegiance to grow its business, and to develop a presence for Afrikaners outside of insurance in other sectors of the economy. By the end of World War II non-exclusive production positioned the company to benefit from strong economic growth after 1945.
Searching the soul
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Growing divisions along political lines, and personal differences in management on different levels of Sanlam operations, landed the life office to engage in more non-life investment restructuring than actual insurance business. Sanlam addressed complex inter-personal Afrikaner business contestation, causing negative publicity to the company. Building down its strategic investments began in 1985 and was almost completed by 1996. Unexpected management changes and seriously underperforming strategic investments curtailed the life office’s market position. The transformation of Sanlam in response to the domestic political changes, and re-entry into the international markets, led to organizational, managerial, and business adjustments. Strategic refocusing followed, but diversification into financial services remained compromised by illiquidity. Sanlam did the first Black Economic Empowerment transaction and commenced a capital building process with the aim of a fundamental functional overhaul, following the international trend to demutualize.
From Allies to Invaders
Authors: Biedermann Zoltán 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The clash of legal and political cultures that unfolded as the idea of conquest began to materialize is the subject of Chapter 7. The main question addressed is whether the new policy of conquest supported by the Habsburg administration can be explained in terms of ‘Spanish influence’ on the Portuguese imperial apparatus. It is argued that the Iberian Union of crowns served as an opportunity for Portuguese reformists to change their own empire. Although orders for the conquest of Ceylon were issued in Madrid, an intricate web of communications spanning half the globe was ultimately a more powerful source of political change than any of the central authorities of the Catholic Monarchy. Emphasis is still placed on the commonalities of Iberian and Lankan political culture, on the possibilities of joint empire-building as well as the impossibilities.
Conclusion
Authors: Biedermann Zoltán 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The collapse of the inter-imperial dialogue in Sri Lanka calls for further extrapolations regarding the merits and shortcomings of connected history. Do commensurability and the potential for mutual understandings logically increase as societies talk to each other, or can they also decrease? What does the case examined in this book tell us about the interdependence of the global and the local? Does Sri Lanka enrich our understanding of the making of global power dynamics elsewhere? May it be worth engaging more systematically than before in ‘(dis)connected history’—an approach that explores the global connectivity of early modern polities along with the obstacles arising to it? A methodological state of grace would allow us to examine the profound, inextricable intertwinement of deeply contradictory processes of convergence and divergence as a core characteristic of early modernity at large.
Human Dignity and Human Rights
Authors: Gilabert Pablo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Human dignity: social movements invoke it, several national constitutions enshrine it, and it features prominently in international human rights documents. But what is it, and why is it important? This book offers a sophisticated and comprehensive defence of the view that human dignity is the moral heart of human rights. First, it develops the network of concepts associated with dignity, highlighting the notion of human dignity as an inherent, non-instrumental, egalitarian, and high-priority normative status of human persons. People have this status in virtue of their valuable human capacities rather than as a result of their national origin and other conventional features. Second, it shows how human dignity gives rise to an inspiring ideal of solidaristic empowerment, generating both negative duties not to undermine, and positive duties to facilitate, people’s pursuit of a flourishing life in which they develop and exercise their valuable capacities. The most urgent of these duties are correlative to human rights. Third, the book illustrates how the proposed dignitarian approach allows us to articulate the content, justification, and feasible implementation of specific and contested human rights, such as the rights to democratic political participation and decent labor conditions. Finally, the book’s dignitarian framework illuminates the arc of humanist justice, identifying both the difference and the continuity between basic human rights and more expansive requirements of social justice such as those defended by liberal egalitarians and democratic socialists. Human dignity is indeed the moral heart of human rights. Understanding it enables us to defend human rights as the urgent ethical and political project that puts humanity first.
Interpretive Social Science
Authors: Bevir Mark , Blakely Jason 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This book offers a comprehensive case for an “interpretive” or hermeneutic approach to the social sciences. Interpretive approaches are a major growth area in the social sciences because they offer a full-blown alternative to the behavioralism, institutionalism, rational choice, and other quasi-scientific approaches that dominate the study of human behavior. In addition to presenting a systematic case for interpretivism and a critique of scientism, this book also proposes a unique “anti-naturalist” notion of an interpretive approach. This anti-naturalist framework encompasses the insights of philosophers ranging from Michel Foucault and Hans-Georg Gadamer to Charles Taylor and Ludwig Wittgenstein, while also resolving dilemmas that have plagued rival philosophical defenses of interpretivism. In addition, this book draws on the latest social science research to give working social scientists a detailed account of a distinctly interpretive approach to methods, empirical research, concept formation, ethics, democracy, and public policy. An anti-naturalist approach to interpretive social science offers nothing short of a sweeping paradigm shift in the study of human beings and society.
Drawing Distinctions
Authors: McMillan John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDrawing distinctions is the second important class of methods in moral argument. Our choice of concepts and how they defined can often be ‘programmatic’, meaning that the concept itself implies something about it being good or bad. Clarity about the meaning of a concept can be very important to an ethical argument. A powerful form of argument is to show that the meaning that an opponent proposes cannot be correct because of what it implies, and to then suggest a better meaning for that concept. By drawing distinctions, we can also clarify the meaning of concepts that play an important role in ethical argument.
An image reconstruction method for an X-ray telescope system with an angular resolution booster
Authors: Morii Mikio , Ikeda Shiro , Maeda Yoshitomo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe propose an image reconstruction method for an X-ray telescope system with an angular resolution booster proposed by Maeda et al. (2018, PASJ, submitted). The system consists of double multi-grid masks in front of an X-ray mirror and an off-focused two-dimensional imager. Because the obtained image is off-focused, an additional image reconstruction process is assumed to be included. Our image reconstruction method is an extension of the traditional Richardson–Lucy algorithm with two regularization terms, one for sparseness and the other for smoothness. Such a combination is desirable for astronomical imaging because astronomical objects have a variety in shape, from point sources to diffuse sources to mixtures of both. The performance of the system is demonstrated with simulated data for point sources and diffuse X-ray sources such as Cas A and the Crab Nebula. The image resolution is improved from a few arcmin of focused image without the booster to a few arcsec with the booster. Through the demonstration, the angular resolution booster with the image reconstruction method is shown to be feasible.
Current Available Cellular and Tissue-Based Products for Treatment of Skin Defects
Authors: Liu Yukun , Panayi Adriana C. , Bayer Lauren R. , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
The occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers is increasing because of aging population trends as well as increases in the number of people with diabetes and obesity. New technologies have been developed to treat these conditions, whereas other technologies previously designed for burns and traumatic wounds have been adapted. This article reviews the development of selected skin replacement technologies, particularly cellular and tissue-based products, highlighting their effectiveness on diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and burns.
Opioid and Cannabis Co-Use among Adults With Chronic Pain: Relations to Substance Misuse, Mental Health, and Pain Experience
Authors: Rogers Andrew H. , Bakhshaie Jafar , Buckner Julia D. , Orr Michael F. , Paulus Daniel J. , Ditre Joseph W. , Zvolensky Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:
Opioid misuse constitutes a significant public health problem and is associated with a host of negative outcomes. Despite efforts to curb this increasing epidemic, opioids remain the most widely prescribed class of medications. Prescription opioids are often used to treat chronic pain despite the risks associated with use, and chronic pain remains an important factor in understanding this epidemic. Cannabis is another substance that has recently garnered attention in the chronic pain literature, as increasing numbers of individuals use cannabis to manage chronic pain. Importantly, the co-use of substances generally is associated with poorer outcomes than single substance use, yet little work has examined the impact of opioid-cannabis co-use.

Methods:
The current study examined the use of opioids alone, compared to use of opioid and cannabis co-use, among adults (n = 450) with chronic pain on mental health, pain, and substance use outcomes.

Results:
Results suggest that, compared to opioid use alone, opioid and cannabis co-use was associated with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and sedative use problems, but not pain experience.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight a vulnerable population of polysubstance users with chronic pain, and indicates the need for more comprehensive assessment and treatment of chronic pain.
Medium- to Long-term Follow-up of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury
Authors: Turel Friyan D. , Langer Susan , Shek Ka Lai , Dietz Hans Peter 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:Obstetric anal sphincter injury is the primary modifiable risk factor for anal incontinence in women. Currently, endoanal ultrasound is most commonly used to detect residual anal sphincter defects after childbirth. Translabial ultrasound has recently been introduced as a noninvasive alternative.OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to determine medium- to long-term outcomes in women after obstetric anal sphincter injuries diagnosed and repaired at delivery.DESIGN:This is a cross-sectional study.SETTINGS:This study was performed in a tertiary obstetric unit.PATIENTS:Between 2005 and 2015, 707 women were diagnosed with obstetric anal sphincter injuries; 146 followed an invitation for follow-up.INTERVENTIONS:Clinical examination, anal manometry, and translabial ultrasound were performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The primary outcomes measured were the St Mark incontinence score and the evidence of sphincter disruption on translabial ultrasound.RESULTS:Of 372 contactable patients, 146 attended at a mean follow-up of 6.6 years (1.7–11.9), of which 75 (51%) reported symptoms of anal incontinence with a median “bother score” of 6 (interquartile range, 3–8). Median St Mark score was 3 (interquartile range, 2–5). Twenty-four (16%) had a score of ≥5. Women who had been diagnosed with a 3c/4th degree tear had more symptoms (58% vs 44%), significantly lower mean maximal resting pressure (p< 0.001), maximal squeeze pressure (p< 0.001), and more residual external (p< 0.001) and internal (p= 0.012) sphincter defects in comparison with those who had a 3a/3b tear. Women with residual external sphincter defects had lower mean maximal squeeze pressure (p= 0.02). Residual internal sphincter defects (p= 0.001) and levator avulsion (p= 0.048) are independent risk factors for anal incontinence on multivariate modeling.LIMITATIONS:This study was limited by the lack of predelivery data of bowel symptoms and BMI and incomplete intrapartum documentation of tear grade.CONCLUSIONS:Symptoms of anal incontinence were highly prevalent (51%), with a high bother score of 6. St Mark scores were associated with residual internal anal sphincter defects and levator avulsion. Women who had a higher tear grade showed a higher incidence of residual sphincter defects and lower manometry pressures. SeeVideo Abstractat http://links.lww.com/DCR/A824.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Yeo Cha Dong , Kim Jong Seung , Kwon Sam Hyun , Lee Eun Jung , Lee Min Hee , Kim Su Geun , You Yeon Seok , Kim June Sun , Lee Jong Hwan , Ryu Ji Seob 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection which mainly develops in compromised hosts and the associated mortality rate is high.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of mucormycosis in a 59-year-old woman following routine endoscopic sinus surgery. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and bronchial asthma.

Diagnoses:
On follow-up 4 weeks after the first functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), she complained of a severe headache and was readmitted for a second period. Endoscopic examination revealed bony erosion and a whitish discharge on the left middle turbinate, which was confirmed as mucormycosis by endoscopic biopsy.

Interventions:
Endoscopic debridement of the necrotic tissue and middle turbinectomy were performed and the patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B for 3 months (3.5 mg/kg/day).

Outcomes:
About 1 month into the second period of hospitalization, left Bell's palsy had occurred. The facial palsy improved naturally after 2 months of hospitalization. One year after endoscopic debridement, follow-up endoscopy showed that there was no residual lesion.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of mucormycosis after routine endoscopic sinus surgery. We did not miss headache symptom after FESS surgery, and diagnosed mucormycosis through early endoscopic biopsy, which played an important role in curing the patient. In addition to the importance of medical therapy such as DM control for patients, emotional support and psychiatric treatment are also important factors as these patients require hospitalization for a long period, 3 months in the case of this patient.