bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afforestation Reduces Deep Soil Carbon Sequestration in Semiarid Regions: Lessons From Variations of Soil Water and Carbon Along Afforestation Stages in China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Huang Yanzhang , Gao Guangyao , Ran Lishan , Wang Yue , Fu Bojie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAfforestation represents an effective approach for ecosystem restoration and carbon (C) sequestration. Nonetheless, it poses notable challenges concerning water depletion and soil drought in (semi)arid regions. The underlying mechanisms regulating the influence of afforestation on soil carbon‐water dynamics, particularly how deep soil C reacts to afforestation‐induced soil drying, remain largely unclear. This study examined the variations of soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in 500 cm depth along four afforestation stages: abandoned grasslands, shrublands, and 20‐year and 40‐year Robinia pseudoacacia forests (RP20 and RP40) in the semiarid Loess Plateau, China. The results indicated that afforestation has significantly increased SWC (+26.6%), SOC (+44.5%), and SIC (+6.5%) in the shallow layer (0–100 cm) but caused evident soil drying (−60.8%), decrease in SOC (−37.8%), and slight reduction in SIC (−0.3%) in the deep layer (300–500 cm) when compared with grasslands. The seriously decline in the coupling coordination between soil C and SWC in the middle and deep layers indicates the unsustainability of afforestation especially for RP40. Structural equation model showed that the negative impact of afforestation on deep SOC through soil water depletion (−0.38) outweighed the direct positive impact of increased aboveground biomass (AGB) (+0.33). The negative impacts of decreased SWC and increased pH on deep SIC was close to the positive impacts of AGB. Afforestation has different effects on SOC and SIC across shallow and deep layers, and its negative effects on deep soil C should be fully integrated into future forest ecosystem restoration and management efforts.
Leveraging convolutional neural networks and hashing techniques for the secure classification of monkeypox disease
Authors: Abdellatef Essam , Ismail Alshimaa H. , Fath Allah M. I. , Shalaby Wafaa A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared a state of emergency in 2022 because of monkeypox. This disease has raised international concern as it has spread beyond Africa, where it is endemic. The global community has shown attention and solidarity in combating this disease as its daily increase becomes evident. Various skin symptoms appear in people infected with this disease, which can spread easily, especially in a polluted environment. It is difficult to diagnose monkeypox in its early stages because of its similarity with the symptoms of other diseases such as chicken pox and measles. Recently, computer-aided classification methods such as deep learning and machine learning within artificial intelligence have been employed to detect various diseases, including COVID-19, tumor cells, and Monkeypox, in a short period and with high accuracy. In this study, we propose the CanDark model, an end-to-end deep-learning model that incorporates cancelable biometrics for diagnosing Monkeypox. CanDark stands for cancelable DarkNet-53, which means that DarkNet-53 CNN is utilized for extracting deep features from Monkeypox skin images. Then a cancelable method is applied to these features to protect patient information. Various cancelable techniques have been evaluated, such as bio-hashing, multilayer perceptron (MLP) hashing, index-of-maximum Gaussian random projection-based hashing (IoM-GRP), and index-of-maximum uniformly random permutation-based hashing (IoM-URP). The proposed approach’s performance is evaluated using various assessment issues such as accuracy, specificity, precision, recall, and fscore. Using the IoM-URP, the CanDark model is superior to other state-of-the-art Monkeypox diagnostic techniques. The proposed framework achieved an accuracy of 98.81%, a specificity of 98.73%, a precision of 98.9%, a recall of 97.02%, and fscore of 97.95%.
Population genomics informs the management of harvested snappers across north-western Australia
Authors: Payet Samuel D. , Underwood Jim , Berry Oliver , Saunders Thor , Travers Michael J. , Wakefield Corey B. , Miller Karen , Newman Stephen J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFailure to consider population structure when managing harvested fishes increases the risk of stock depletion, yet empirical estimates of population structure are often lacking for important fishery species. In this study, we characterise genetic variation in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess population structure for three harvested species of tropical snappers across the broad (up to 300 km wide) and extensive (~ 4000 km) continental shelf of north-western Australia. Comparisons across ~ 300 individuals per species, showed remarkably similar patterns of genetic structure among Lutjanus sebae (red emperor), L. malabaricus (saddletail snapper) and Pristipomoides multidens (goldband snapper) despite subtle differences in biological and ecological traits. Low levels of genetic subdivision were reflected in an isolation by distance relationship where genetic connectivity increased with geographic proximity. This indicates extensive but not unlimited dispersal across the north-western Australian shelf. Our findings provide evidence of connectivity between current management areas, violating the assumption of multiple independent stocks. Spatial stock assessment models may be more suitable for the management of these species however demographic connectivity rates cannot be accurately estimated from the conventional population genetic approaches applied in this study. We recommend that managers aim to maintain adequate spawning biomass across current management areas, and assess stocks at finer scales, where practical.
Early Sri Lankan coastal site tracks technological change and estuarine resource exploitation over the last ca. 25,000 years
Authors: Amano Noel , Faulkner Patrick , Wedage Oshan , Clarkson Chris , Amila Dambara , del Val Miren , Jurkenas Dovydas , Kapukotuwa Alexander , López Gloria I. , Pares Josep , Pathmalal M. M. , Smith Tam , Wright Martin , Roberts Patrick , Petraglia Michael , Boivin Nicole 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe island of Sri Lanka was part of the South Asian mainland for the majority of the past 115,000 years, and connected most recently during the Last Glacial Maximum via the now submerged Palk Strait. The degree to which rising sea levels shaped past human adaptations from the Pleistocene and into the mid to late Holocene in Sri Lanka has remained unclear, in part because the earliest reliable records of human occupation come from the island’s interior, where cave sites have revealed occupation of tropical forest ecosystems extending back to 48 thousand years (ka). The island’s earliest known open-air sites are all much younger in date, with ages beginning at 15 ka and extending across the Holocene. Here we report the earliest well-dated open-air coastal site in Sri Lanka, Pathirajawela, which records human occupation back to ca. 25,000 years ago. We show that humans at Pathirajawela consistently adapted to changing ecosystems linked to sea level transgression and coastal evolution from the Last Glacial Maximum into the Holocene. The presence of anthropogenic shell midden deposits at the site from ca. 4.8 ka, focused almost exclusively on a single taxon, indicates intensification of estuarine resource exploitation, as humans responded to opportunities presented by the formation of new coastal ecosystems.
ERO1A levels are a prognostic indicator in EGFR mutated non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Voronkova M. A. , Johnson B. , Gandhi N. , Koomen J. M. , Patrick M , Shanthi Bhupathi S. , Wu V. M. , Elliott A. , Vanderwalde A. , Halmos B. , Hazlehurst L. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe have identified endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1A) as a poor prognostic indicator in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (EGFRMUT-NSCLC). In addition, comparison of high versus low ERO1A expression among cohorts of EGFRMUT-NSCLC primary samples revealed that ERO1A expression correlated with increased expression of proteins that regulate secretion. Using the CPTAC proteomic data set in lung adenocarcinoma we found that high ERO1A protein expression correlated with both extracellular matrix and matrix modifying enzymes. In this report, we found that ablating ERO1A expression was a determinant of clonogenicity, tumor sphere formation, spheroid growth and growth in vivo, as well as response to Osimertinib. We validated that ERO1A-knockout EGFRMUT-LUAD cell lines demonstrated a reduction in secretion of both laminin gamma 2 (LAMC2) and the collagen modifying enzyme lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2). Our work supports the role of ERO1A in modulating the tumor microenvironment that is likely to contribute to tumor progression.
The L27 domain of MPP7 enhances TAZ-YY1 cooperation to renew muscle stem cells
Authors: Shao Anwen , Kissil Joseph L , Fan Chen-Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStem cells regenerate differentiated cells to maintain and repair tissues and organs. They also replenish themselves, i.e. self-renew, to support a lifetime of regenerative capacity. Here we study the renewal of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) during regeneration. The transcriptional co-factors TAZ/YAP (via the TEAD transcription factors) regulate cell cycle and growth while the transcription factor YY1 regulates metabolic programs for MuSC activation. We show that MPP7 and AMOT join TAZ and YY1 to regulate a selected number of common genes that harbor TEAD and YY1 binding sites. Among these common genes, Carm1 can direct MuSC renewal. We demonstrate that the L27 domain of MPP7 enhances the interaction as well as the transcriptional activity of TAZ and YY1, while AMOT acts as an intermediate to bridge them together. Furthermore, MPP7, TAZ and YY1 co-occupy the promoters of Carm1 and other common downstream genes. Our results define a renewal program comprised of two progenitor transcriptional programs, in which selected key genes are regulated by protein-protein interactions, dependent on promoter context.
Causal effects of gut microbiota on gout and hyperuricemia: insights from genome-wide Mendelian randomization, RNA-sequencing, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomes
Authors: Liu Xia , Feng Zhe , Zhang Fenglian , Wang Bo , Wei Zhijuan , Liao Nanqing , Zhang Min , Liang Jian , Wang Lisheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM), serum metabolome, and host transcriptome in the development of gout and hyperuricemia (HUA) using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data and HUA mouse model experiments.
Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of GWAS summary statistics was performed using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach to determine or predict the causal role of the GM on gout. The HUA mouse model was used to characterize changes in the gut microbiome, host metabolome, and host kidney transcriptome by integrating cecal 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted serum metabolomics, and host mRNA sequencing.
Results: Our analysis demonstrated causal effects of seven GM taxa on gout, including genera of Ruminococcus, Odoribacter, and Bacteroides. Thirty eight immune cell traits were associated with gout. Dysbiosis of Dubosiella, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group genera were associated with changes in the serum metabolites and kidney transcriptome of the HUA model mice. The changes in the gut microbiome of the HUA model mice correlated significantly with alterations in the levels of serum metabolites such as taurodeoxycholic acid, phenylacetylglycine, vanylglycol, methyl hexadecanoic acid, carnosol, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, sphinganine, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, pyridoxamine, and de-o-methylsterigmatocystin, and expression of kidney genes such as CNDP2, SELENOP, TTR, CAR3, SLC12A3, SCD1, PIGR, CD74, MFSD4B5, and NAPSA.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a causal relationship between GM, immune cells, and gout. HUA development involved alterations in the vitamin B6 metabolism because of GM dysbiosis that resulted in altered pyridoxamine and pyridoxal levels, dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism, and excessive inflammation.
Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge, Training, and Attitudes
Authors: Geels Patricia L. , Flynn Karen , Fogarty Kieran J. , Lyerla Rob 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
This study examined speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') professional knowledge, training experiences, and attitudes in assessing and treating individuals with cancer-related cognitive impairments (CRCIs). Understanding these concepts is necessary for evaluating SLPs' role in supporting individuals with CRCIs.

Method:
A web-based survey was completed by 147 SLPs over a 2-month period. The survey explored their professional knowledge, training, and attitudes regarding CRCI assessment and intervention.

Results:
Three quarters of participants reported some experience with individuals with CRCIs. Most participants reported that providing care for individuals with CRCIs was within the SLP scope of practice (97%) and an ethical responsibility (93%). Approximately 65% of participants completed some form of training for providing services for this population; 98% would pursue diagnostic training in the future, and 66% would pursue intervention training in the future. Regarding attitudes, 80% of participants shared that they were comfortable with the idea of providing cognitive-communication services to individuals with CRCIs, and almost all (97%) felt that cognitive-communication services were a medical necessity for this population. Additional analyses were conducted to assess the effect of years of experience on various aspects of professional knowledge and attitudes.

Conclusions:
SLPs were trained to assess and treat the cognitive-communication domains impacted by CRCIs. Recommendations for meeting this need are also discussed. Further research regarding the role of SLPs in the assessment and treatment of CRCIs is warranted.
Electric and magnetic resonances inducing triple-stopband terahertz metamaterial filter
Authors: Zhang Xuelian , Lin Cheng , Wang Jian , Yan Xueyang , Liu Chunyan , Song Hao 
Published: November 2024

A polarization insensitive triple-stopband terahertz metamaterial filter is proposed. This filter consists of a flexible polyimide substrate and periodically arranged copper structures on its top. The shape of the metal unit is a “田” inside a square ring. The simulation results show that the resonant frequencies of the filter are 0.107, 0.23, and 0.271 THz; the stopband depths are −35.56 dB, −42.7 dB, and −37.485 dB; the 3 dB bandwidths are 34, 53, and 32 GHz; and the relative bandwidths are 31.78%, 23%, and 11.8%, respectively. Effective parameter analysis demonstrates that the first resonance originates from the negative effective permittivity and positive effective permeability, but the reason for the latter two resonances is opposite to the first. The surface current distributions indicate that the first resonance is electric type, while the latter two resonances are the lower and higher orders magnetic resonances, respectively. Then, we verify the triple-stopband characteristic of the filter based on the equivalent circuit. Finally, the analysis reveals that the performance of the filter is independent of the incident polarization angle. This filter has the characteristics of multi-frequency, broadband, deep stopband, polarization insensitivity, and simple structure, which can be used in terahertz communication, detection, and other fields.
Periodic skyrmionic textures via conformal cartographic projections
Authors: Marco David , Herrera Isael , Brasselet Sophie , Alonso Miguel A. 
Published: November 2024

We find periodic skyrmionic textures via conformal cartographic projections that map either an entire spherical parameter space or a hemisphere onto every regular polygon that provides regular tessellations of the plane. These textures minimize the energy inherent to the mapping and preserve the sign of the Skyrme density throughout the entire space. We show that 2D spinor fields (e.g., 2D polarization) that present periodic textures preserving the sign of the Skyrme density unavoidably exhibit zeros. We implement these textures in the polarization state of a laser beam.
DMFR-YOLO: an infrared small hotspot detection algorithm based on double multi-scale feature fusion
Authors: Bai Xiaojing , Wang Ruixin , Pi Yuxiao , Zhang Wenbiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hotspot automatic detection is an effective strategy to realize intelligent maintenance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, it is challenging to detect small hotspots accurately using deep learning-based object detection methods due to the weak information and small area of the target. This study presents a double multi-scale feature reconstruction (DMFR)-YOLO to detect small hotspots in PV modules. In the proposed DMFR-YOLO, the backbone of YOLOv8n is improved by eliminating redundant deep layers and introducing a shallow detection head to enhance its perception and recognition ability for small objects. Moreover, a weighted multi-layer feature reconstruction (MLFR) module is introduced to fuse the features of different depths and a multi-receptive field feature reconstruction (MRFR) module is designed to fuse the information of different receptive fields. Finally, ablation and comparison experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The model with both MLFR and MRFR can achieve a recall rate of 88.6%, with a mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 93.3%. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DMFR-YOLO is able to achieve small hotspot detection in IR images with high accuracy.
Simulating the Peculiar Periphery of the Cygnus Loop
Authors: Shen Jun-Yu , Bao Bi-Wen , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The middle-aged Galactic supernova remnant (SNR)- the Cygnus Loop (CL)- displays a peculiar morphology in X-rays, featuring a blowout in the southern region. The underlying process accounting for the formation of the peculiar periphery remains a mystery. To this end, we conduct hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the SNR evolution coupled with a tailored stellar-wind model: a bipolar stellar wind emanating from a runaway red supergiant progenitor, excavating a wind-blown cavity elongated along the −z-direction. Our simulation results reveal that the forward shock of the consequent SNR sweeps up the modified ambient media, shaping the overall morphology with a blowout comparable to that of CL. Besides, a series of simulation runs are performed to assess the impacts of different model parameters and the projection effect (observational angle θ
obs) on the final SNR profile. Three physical quantities are extracted from simulation results to characterize the simulated SNR and make a direct comparison with the X-ray observations of CL. We find that the final SNR morphology is sensitive to both stellar-wind properties and θ
obs. A Cygnus-Loop-like SNR could be reproduced under appropriate parameter combinations at θ
obs = 0°. While for θ
obs ≲ 30°, the projected morphology akin to CL could be also generated under specific conditions.
Nanogold supported ceria modified mesoporous silica for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol
Authors: Chandralayam Soumini , Sankaran Sugunan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Synthesis of 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) is of much interested area as it serves as a crucial intermediary in the production of antipyretic medications, analgesics, dye stuffs, corrosion inhibitor, photographic developer, etc. Gold nanoparticles with an average particle size below 5 nm were effectively dispersed over ceria loaded SBA-15. The nanogold supported systems were found to be highly effective in the conversion of 4-Nitrophenol to 4-Aminophenol at room temperature (304 K) obeying pseudo first order kinetics. The highly effective catalyst with 3 weight % Au incorporation over 20 weight % Ce loaded SBA-15 (3Au/20Ce/SBA) showed a maximum conversion with a rate constant value of 4.63×10−3 s−1.
Emerging Frontiers in CEA: An IoT-Based System Architecture for Smart, Sustainable, and High-Yielding Controlled Environment Agriculture
Authors: Srimal M D W , Aboobucker M S M , Sha H H , Anjum R , Ahmed M R , Raja Rani T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) cultivates fruits, vegetables, herbs, and other plants in fully or semi-controlled environments. It enables precise manipulation of critical plant growth factors such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, CO2, and nutrients, fostering optimal production. While CEA offers unparalleled yield potential, it has challenges like operational complexities and energy consumption concerns. We propose an IoT (Internet of Things) based system architecture for sensing and controlling CEA systems to address these challenges. The proposed system is designed for a hydroponic-based CEA system. In the system, four IoT devices are used to connect sensors. Each device utilizes various sensors to collect real-time data on key growth factors. IoT devices publish data as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) telemetry messages, accepted by various subscribers for processing and actions. A Microsoft Azure Edge device has been deployed as the data processing and analysis hub. It processes the MQTT messages using software modules packaged as Dockerized containers, extracts relevant information, sends required control signals to actuators and forwards selected results to the Microsoft Azure cloud for further processing and notifications. Four IoT devices are available in the system to control the growth factors at optimal levels. Various actuators are connected to these devices, such as heaters, coolers, humidifiers, dehumidifiers etc.. The dashboard of the system has been built using Node-RED, and it displays the status of the sensors and actuators and can switch between manual mode and AI-controlled auto mode. The system has been tested continuously for twelve hours and the test results indicate that the system can manage and control modern CEA systems.
Mediating role of human behavior in societal influences on environmental sustainability
Authors: Gulvady Samskrati , Sequiera Priya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the role of human behavior, particularly the Omani youth, in the context of societal influences on environmental sustainability. The research is based on the positivist paradigm using quantitative approach through the questionnaire survey strategy. A sample size of 216 Omani UG students (43 – Male, 173-Female), based on convenience sampling were chosen for the survey using non-experimental hypothesis testing research. Cultural values & norms, educational systems, and economic policies & practices constituted the dimensions of societal influences with the mediation of -environmental awareness & knowledge and environmental values & ethics as the behavioral dimensions on the environmental sustainability. Eight hypotheses were tested among which five were supported. Based on the study outcomes, suggestions have been drawn to the concerned ministry so that interventions may be administered to promote pro-environmental behavior among the students. These suggestions include possible interventions in renewable energy initiatives, waste management strategies, afforestation and green spaces, water conservation programs, environmental education and awareness, eco-friendly transportation, green building standards, international collaboration, and biodiversity conservation. The findings of this research would be of interest to both the academics and the practitioners in environmental sustainability.