bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunting for answers: Linking lectures with the real world using a mobile treasure hunt app
Authors: Hartman Tom , Lydon Susannah J. , Rasmussen Amanda 
Published: May 2019

Societal Impact StatementPlants underpin our society providing food, fuel, medicines, clean air and water, positive mental health, and are central to biodiversity conservation. Despite this importance and an increasing need for people with plant‐identification skills, many societies are becoming increasingly ignorant to the species with which they interact. To benefit both our undergraduates and the society they will enter, we applied mobile technology to improve plant identification and appreciation, while providing opportunities to practice transferable team work and verbal communication skills. Encouraging 'plant vision' will improve conservation efforts while increasing personal connections with green spaces, leading to mental health improvements for society.
Summary

Despite the importance of plants to human civilization, many societies are becoming increasingly ignorant to the plants that inhabit their surrounding environment. A phenomenon known as ‘plant blindness’. To address plant blindness in undergraduate students we designed an outdoor activity using a mobile phone app. Our aims were to identify the level of ‘plant blindness’ in our students; investigate engagement with the app and activity; determine if we can raise awareness of links between lecture content and real world scenarios; and assess the student experience as a result of the activity in large classes.

The app chosen was ActionBound. Students were asked to find and photograph local examples of four plant families, along with identifying physiological benefits of features covered in lectures. Two different first year classes were exposed to this activity – Plant Science and Life on Earth.

The Plant Science students (60% success rate for three families; 55 students) were less plant blind than Life on Earth students (less than 44% success rate in any of the four families; 200 students). Students engaged well with the activity with all groups submitting sensible attempts at the responses. Most students reported that the activity increased links to lecture material and all but one student reported positive experiences.

Our students found the treasure hunt learning environment is a fun way to engage with the plant topics covered in lectures. In future iterations, we will more explicitly explain the links to potential careers and will address some of the logistical challenges faced in this first cohort.
Effect of Aluminum Powder on Underwater Explosion Performance of CL‐20 Based Explosives
Authors: Hu Hongwei , Chen Lang , Yan Jiajia , Feng Haiyun , Xiao Chuan , Song Pu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe influences of particle size distributions of the nano and micro‐aluminum powders on the underwater explosion were analyzed experimentally. Both shock waves and the second pressure pulses induced by the CL‐20 based explosives were measured. Furthermore, the shock wave energy, the bubble energy, the reacting quantity of aluminum powders in the CL‐20 based explosives during the detonation and secondary reaction processes were calculated. The results indicate that: the nano‐aluminum powders have significant influences on both the detonation reaction and the secondary reaction, leading to the higher peak pressure of the shock wave while the lower peak pressure and narrower pulse width of the secondary pressure pulse; the gradations of both nano and micro‐aluminum powders improve the energy outputs of the explosives; the nano‐aluminum powders enhance the shock wave pressure while the micro‐aluminum powders maintain higher bubble energy.
Additive interaction between a root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and a root‐feeding flea beetle Longitarsus bethae on their host Lantana camara
Authors: Musedeli Jufter N , Simelane David O , Hill Martin P , Marais Mariette 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDChanges in plants induced by one species have indirect effects on interactions with other species, thus shaping their abundances. The root‐feeding beetle Longitarsus bethae released as a biological control agent for Lantana camara has established at a few sites in South Africa. Lantana camara plants infected with the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica often exhibit an increase in L. bethae abundance, suggesting that nematode‐infected plants could be enhancing the development of the beetle. This study investigated the interaction between L. bethae and M. javanica.RESULTSThe study showed that galling by M. javanica occurred at the highest inoculation of 300 eggs of L. bethae per plant. Longitarsus bethae performed over twofold better on M. javanica‐infected L. camara roots compared with healthy roots, and 275 adult L. bethae progeny, with slightly larger body size, emerged from M. javanica‐infected compared with 167 adults that emerged from healthy plants. Fresh gall weight from treatments where both L. bethae and M. javanica were combined was 36% higher than that from M. javanica only, suggesting that the combination of both species induces more galling than the nematode does alone. The total biomass of plants with M. javanica only, L. bethae only, and the two species combined was reduced by 48%, 24% and 50%, respectively.CONCLUSIONMeloidogyne javanica improves the performance of L. bethae, and combination of the two species has an additive negative effect on L. camara. The interaction between M. javanica and L. bethae could enhance the biological control of L. camara. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Atomic H over plane: Effective potential and level reconstruction
Authors: Artyukova Svetlana , Sveshnikov Konstantin , Tolokonnikov Andrey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe behavior of atomic H in a semi‐bounded space z ≥ 0 with the condition of “not going through” the boundary (the surface z = 0) for the electronic wavefunction (WF) is considered. It is shown that in a wide range of “not going through” condition parameters the effective atomic potential, treated as a function of the distance h from H to the boundary plane, reveals a well pronounced minimum at certain finite but nonzero h, which describes the mode of “soaring” of the atom above the plane. In particular cases of Dirichlet and Neumann conditions, the analysis of the soaring effect is based on the exact analytical solutions of the problem in terms of generalized spheroidal Coulomb functions. For h varying between the regions h ≫ aB and h ≪ aB, both the deformation of the electronic WF and the atomic state are studied in detail. For a more general case of Robin (third type) condition, the variational estimates and direct numerical tools are used. By means of the latter it is also shown that in the case of a sufficiently large positive affinity of the atom to the boundary plane a significant reconstruction of the lowest levels takes place, including the change of both the asymptotics and the general dependence on h.
Robotic vs open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis on short‐ and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Solaini Leonardo , Bazzocchi Francesca , Pellegrini Sara , Avanzolini Andrea , Perenze Barbara , Curti Roberta , Morgagni Paolo , Ercolani Giorgio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was compare short‐ and long‐term outcomes between robotic (RG) and standard open gastrectomy (OG).MethodsThis is a single‐center propensity score‐matched study including patients who underwent RG or OG for gastric cancer between 2008 and 2018.ResultsIn total, 191 patients could be included for analysis. Of 60 RG patients, 49 could be matched. After matching, significant differences in baseline characteristics were no longer present. Operative time was significantly longer (451 min, IQR: 392‐513) in the RG group than in the OG (262 min, IQR: 225‐330) (P < .0001). No significant differences in postoperative complications between RG (n = 15, 30.6%) and OG (n = 15, 30.6%) were seen (P = 1.000). Overall survival was comparable between the groups.ConclusionsRG is feasible and safe. With regard to long‐term oncologic outcomes, survivals in the RG group were similar to those in OG group.
Restoring Murray River floodplain wetlands: Does the sediment record inform on watering regime?
Authors: Gell Peter A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe floodplain wetlands of the southern Murray Darling Basin (MDB) have been subject to the impacts of catchment and water resource development for more than a century. Their current degraded state is attributed to the regulation of the rivers and abstraction of water volume for irrigation. The MDB Plan is to return at least 2,750 Gl of mean annual flow to the system to restore the condition of waterways. Considerable recent investment in infrastructure enables water to be released into the basin's floodplain wetlands. The proposed watering regime is underpinned by modelling that suggests that, before regulation, overbank flows would have occurred regularly as discharge peaked in winter and spring. Sediment cores have been extracted from over 50 floodplain wetlands of the southern Murray Basin. Those from several, large meander wavelength billabongs extend for 1,000–5,000 years suggesting that these sites were permanently inundated over that time. Others extend to ~200 years and are presumed not to have accumulated sediment until more recently. The records of most wetlands, however, only extend to the onset of river regulation in the 1920s, suggesting that before then they were not inundated for sufficient duration for net accumulation to occur. Preserved diatoms suggest that the shallow, plant‐dominated wetlands of the past have transitioned to deep, turbid water systems today. As rivers are identified as a source of sediment to wetlands, less regular inundation, rather than more, is a viable option in restoring the ecological function of these floodplain wetlands and in slowing sediment infill.
Fractal characterizations of energetic Si ions irradiated amorphized‐Si surfaces
Authors: Maity G. , Ojha Sunil , Sulania I. , Devrani K. , Patel Shiv P. 
Published: May 2019

The fractal characterizations of amorphized‐silicon (a‐Si) surfaces under low‐energy ion irradiations are presented. The crystalline Si surfaces have been irradiated with Si ions having different energy of 35, 50, 75, and 100 keV at a fixed fluence of 2 × 1015 ions‐cm−2. The samples have been characterized by means of using Raman spectroscopy, Channeling‐Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (C‐RBS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The ion irradiation leads to the amorphization of Si near surface and subsurface region, as confirmed by Raman and C‐RBS measurement. The AFM analysis shows that the ion irradiation also leads to the formation of nanodots on the surface and size of the dots increases with increasing of the ion energy. The fractal analysis has been performed using AFM images in order to get the significant evidence about nanodot formations and the correlation inside the surface microstructures. The kinetic roughening and surface smoothening, due to dissipation of kinetic energy of ions through collision cascades of the surface atoms, lead to the formation of dot‐like structures.
Exploration of the Binding Properties of the Azo Dye Pollutants with Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide by Computational Modeling for Wastewater Treatment Improvement
Authors: Hezarkhani Maryam , Ghadari Rahim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSystematic studies were carried out to investigate the binding properties of ten selected azo dye pollutants with nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide. Acid Blue 29, Acid Orange 5, Acid Orange 7, Acid Orange 8, Acid Orange 52, Blue 113, Direct Blue 71, hydrolyzed Reactive Black 5H, hydrolyzed Reactive Orange 16H, and hydrolyzed Reactive Orange 107H were selected to be studied. At the first step, docking studies were done to provide the best binding modes between azo dye and nitrogen–doped graphene oxide. In continue, molecular dynamics simulation method, molecular mechanics/generalized Born and surface area (MM/GBSA) analysis, and energy decomposition analysis were carried out to examine the strength and nature of interactions between azo dye pollutants and nitrogen–doped graphene oxide. Analyzing of interaction during molecular dynamics simulation showed that van der Waals interaction has the most important role on the binding of the azo dyes to the surface of the nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide. Also, the contribution of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions are not ignorable. The –SO3H, –OH, and –NH2 moieties on the azo dyes have a contribution in hydrogen bonding with the epoxide and –OH functional groups and pyridinium–like and pyrrole–like nitrogen‐containing functional groups on the nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide. No contributions from the carboxylic acid moieties and graphite‐like nitrogen‐containing functional groups in the hydrogen bonding were observed.

The binding energies related to ADs/NGO systems during the MD simulation process, calculated by MM/GBSA approach.

Entry
Azo dye
Binding energy (kcal mol–1)

1
Acid Blue 29
–42.7

2
Acid Orange 5
–32.6

3
Acid Orange 7
–30.1

4
Acid Orange 8
–32.2

5
Acid Orange 52
–28.3

6
Blue 113
–55.2

7
Direct Blue 71
–67.3

8
Hydrolyzed Reactive Black 5H
–30.2

9
Hydrolyzed Reactive Orange 16H
–32.6

10
Hydrolyzed Reactive Orange 107H
–27.0
Synthesis of Cerium‐Doped Zirconia Nanoparticles for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine by Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Matt Santhosh Bullapura , Manjunatha Shivakumar. , Manjunatha S. , Sidlingappa Dharmaprakash M. , Sidlingappa Manjappa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCerium doped zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles are used in the electrochemical investigation of one of the important neurotransmitter Dopamine. Cerium doped ZrO2 nanoparticles finds an interesting application for the electrochemical detection of Dopamine. These cerium doped zirconia nanoparticles were synthesized by environmental benign co‐precipitation method. The phase formation and the crystallinity of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and it was in cubic phase. The morphology of the nanoparticles was characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and the particle size was measured by using high resolution transmission microscopy. The average particle size was measured to be 18 nm. Additionally, the effectiveness of cerium doped zirconia nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (Ce‐ZrO2/MCPE) was evaluated by using cyclic voltammetric technique, to assess the application as electrochemical sensor for Dopamine. Differential pulse voltammetry method is used for the detection of Dopamine, the limit of detection was found to be 3.6 μmol L−1 based on (S/N=3). This shows high stability and low detection level at modified electrode. In addition, modified electrodes are also been used the detection of Dopamine in real time sample analyses with satisfactory results.
The mechanism of damage by trace amounts of acetamiprid to the midgut of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Fanchi , Qu Jianwei , Mao Tingting , Chen Jian , Li Mengxue , Lu Zhengting , Fang Yilong , Shi Guofang , Li Bing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcetamiprid is widely used for agricultural pest control. However, it remains poorly understood whether the environmental residues of acetamiprid have the potential effects on economic insect. In this study, we evaluated the effects of acetamiprid on silkworm growth and development. The exposure to trace amounts of acetamiprid significantly decreased body weight, viability, and spinning ability. In addition, the activity of trypsin in the midgut was decreased after exposure. DGE and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the significantly differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in nutrient metabolism, stress responses, and inflammation pathways. These results, in combination with hematoxylin‐eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy, indicated that acetamiprid could cause oxidative damage to midgut, lead to inflammatory responses, and affect the activities of midgut digestive enzymes, thus resulting in abnormal growth and development. Our findings greatly contributed to the evaluation of the effects of acetamiprid residues on other nontarget beneficial insect.
Enhancing the hierarchy and octant sensitivity of ESSνSB in conjunction with T2K, NOνA and ICAL@INO
Authors: Chakraborty Kaustav , Goswami Srubabati , Gupta Chandan , Thakore Tarak 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe main aim of the ESSνSB proposal is the discovery of the leptonic CP phaseδCPwith a high significance (5σfor 50% values ofδCP) by utilizing the physics at the second oscillation maxima of thePμechannel. It can achieve 3σsensitivity to hierarchy for all values ofδCP. In this work, we concentrate on the hierarchy and octant sensitivity of the ESSνSB experiment. We show that combining the ESSνSB experiment with the atmospheric neutrino data from the proposed India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) experiment can result in an increased sensitivity to mass hierarchy. In addition, we also combine the results from the ongoing experiments T2K and NOνa assuming their full run-time and present the combined sensitivity of ESSνSB + ICAL@INO + T2K + NOνA. We show that while by itself ESSνSB can have up to 3σhierarchy sensitivity, the combination of all the experiments can give up to 5σsensitivity depending on the true hierarchy-octant combination. The octant sensitivity of ESSνSB is low by itself. However the combined sensitivity of all the above experiments can give up to 3σsensitivity depending on the choice of true hierarchy and octant. We discuss the various degeneracies and the synergies that lead to the enhanced sensitivity when combining different experimental data.
Helicon-type radiofrequency plasma thrusters and magnetic plasma nozzles
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopment of electrodeless radiofrequency plasma thrusters, e.g., a helicon thruster, has been one the of challenging topics for future high-power and long-lived electric propulsion systems. The concept simply has a radiofrequency plasma production/heating source and a magnetic nozzle, while it seems to include many aspects of physics and engineering issues. The plasma produced inside the source is transported along the magnetic field lines and expands in the magnetic nozzle, where the plasma is spontaneously accelerated into the axial direction along the magnetic nozzle, yielding a generation of the thrust force. Hence, the plasma transport and spontaneous acceleration phenomena in the magnetic nozzle are key issues to improve the performance of the thrusters. Since the thrust is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to momentum flux exhausted from the system, the direct measurement of the thrust can reveal not only the thruster performance but also fundamental physical quantity of plasma momentum flux. Here studies on fundamental physics relating to the thruster development and the technology for the compact and efficient system are reviewed; the current status of the thruster performance is shown. Finally, a recently proposed future new application of the thruster is also discussed.
Neuropsychological subtypes of incident mild cognitive impairment in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging
Authors: Machulda Mary M. , Lundt Emily S. , Albertson Sabrina M. , Kremers Walter K. , Mielke Michelle M. , Knopman David S. , Bondi Mark W. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated whether incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes could be empirically derived in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.MethodsWe performed cluster analysis on neuropsychological data from 506 participants with incident MCI.ResultsThe 3‐cluster solution resulted in (1) amnestic, (2) dysexecutive, (3) dysnomic subtypes. The 4‐cluster solution produced these same three groups and a fourth group with subtle cognitive impairment (SCI). The SCI cluster was a subset of the amnestic cluster and distinct from well‐matched cognitively unimpaired participants based on memory and global z‐score area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses and probability of progression to MCI/dementia.DiscussionWe empirically identified three neuropsychological subtypes of MCI that share some features with MCI subtypes identified in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The fourth subtype with SCI in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging differed from the fourth cluster‐derived normal group in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and could represent a group to target with early interventions.
Surveying the Lands of RepublicanIndígenas: Contentious Nineteenth-Century Efforts to Abolish IndigenousResguardosnear Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: del Castillo Lina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNineteenth-century republicans across the political spectrum agreed: the Spanish monarchy produced ‘miserable Indians’. Abolishing tribute and privatising communal lands, known asresguardosin New Granada (roughly today's Panama and Colombia), would transform that wretched class into equal citizens. Drawing on late eighteenth-century privatisation efforts by the Spanish Crown, early republican leaders in Gran Colombia inaugurated an era seeking equal access to wealth from communal land for all indigenous community members. After Gran Colombia (the first Colombian Republic, 1819–30) dissolved into New Granada, Ecuador and Venezuela in 1830, New Granada's experiments with indigenousresguardopolicies went further. By then, legislative efforts considered the needs of allresguardomembers, including unmarried mothers and their illegitimate children. Complex laws, diverse ecological terrain and nuanced social realities required well-trained surveyors to ensure each eligible indigenous family received a fair share of land. Whereas indigenous communities in Pasto, Santa Marta and the Cauca river valley resorted to armed insurrection against liberal policies through the War of the Supremes (1839–42), those in the highlands near Bogotá did not. Instead, these republicanindígenas– with their greater access to the levers of power housed in the national capital – chose to engage in the reforms of a decentralising state. This article reveals how contentious experiments seeking republican equality within indigenousresguardosas a path towards abolishing the institution were consistently stymied by efforts to ensure that indigenous community governance and communal landholding remained intact.
La gran dama: Science Patronage, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican Social Sciences in the 1940s
Authors: Morcillo Laiz Álvaro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIf Latin America's public universities are considered part of the state, then it seems plausible to characterise them as similar to the state, i.e. as clientelistic. However, this plausible hypothesis has never been examined by the literature on twentieth-century Mexican social sciences. Just like clientelism, science patrons such as US philanthropic foundations have similarly been neglected. In this article I argue that, as an alternative to what the Rockefeller Foundation perceived as clientelism and amateurism at Latin American universities, it claimed to patronise liberal scholarship, practised according to formal rational criteria. While foundations have been frequently considered part of a US imperialistic drive towards cultural hegemony in Latin America, they were not unitary actors and frequently failed to predict the actual impact of their grants. In Mexico in the 1940s, the Rockefeller Foundation boosted the humanities, but missed the opportunity to support a local take on social science teaching and research.