bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Small Extracellular Vesicles Proteome of Tuberculosis Patients Demonstrated Deregulated Immune Response
Authors: Arya Rakesh , Dabral Deepti , Faruquee Hossain Md. , Mazumdar Himangshu , Patgiri Saurav Jyoti , Deka Trinayan , Basumatary Rumi , Kupa Rukuwe‐u , Semy Chayale , Kapfo Wetetsho , Liegise Kevideme , Kaur Inderjeet , Choedon Tenzin , Kumar Purnima , Behera Rajendra Kumar , Deori Pranjal , Nath Reema , Khalo Kerekha , Saikia Lahari , Khamo Vinotsole , Nanda Ranjan Kumar 
Published: September 2019

PurposeDetailed understanding of host pathogen interaction in tuberculosis is an important avenue for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes that are rich in proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, act as messengers and may show altered composition in disease conditions.Experimental designIn this case control study, small EVs are isolated from serum of 58 subjects (all male, 33 (15–70) in years) including drug naïve active tuberculosis (ATB: n = 22), non‐tuberculosis (NTB: n = 18), and healthy subjects (n = 18). Serum small EVs proteome analysis is carried out using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) experiments and an independent sample (n = 36) is used for validation.ResultsA set of 132 and 68 proteins are identified in iTRAQ‐I (ATB/Healthy) and iTRAQ‐II (ATB/NTB) experiments, respectively. Four proteins (KYAT3, SERPINA1, HP, and APOC3) show deregulation (log2‐fold change > ±0.48, p < 0.05) in ATB with respect to healthy controls and Western blot data corroborated mass spectrometry findings.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese important proteins, involved in neutrophil degranulation, plasma heme scavenging, kynurenine, and lipid metabolism, show deregulation in ATB patients. Identification of such a protein panel in circulating small EVs besides providing novel insights into their role in tuberculosis may prove to be useful targets to develop host‐directed therapeutic intervention.
A Serendipitous Synthesis: SiO2‐HNO3 Mediated Oxidative Aromatization and Regioselective Nitration of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted‐4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐Pyrazoles
Authors: Bhatia Rimpy , Kadyan Kulbir , Duhan Meenakshi , Devi Meena , Singh Rahul , Kamboj Ramesh C. , Kumar Parvin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch often leads to unprecedented results that open the gates for new methodologies. We report herein the oxidative aromatization and serendipitous regioselective nitration of 1,3,5‐trisubstituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles under mild reaction conditions using SiO2‐HNO3 as an oxidizing agent to afford 1,3,5‐trisubstituted pyrazoles with high regioselectivity. Here SiO2‐HNO3 acts as a nitrating agent along with oxidizing property. SiO2‐HNO3 is cheap, easy to prepare, eco‐friendly and practically applicable catalyst.
K5B19O31: A Deep‐Ultraviolet Congruent Melting Compound
Authors: Huang Shuzhao , Zhou Chen , Cheng Shichao , Yu Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA potassium borate, K5B19O31, has been obtained via the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The single crystal for K5B19O31 with dimensions up to 4 mm × 2 mm × 1 mm was grown by the top‐seeded solution growth method. The crystal structure of K5B19O31 shows a complex three‐dimensional (3D) frame filled by three different types of K‐based polyhedra. Optical properties and thermal behavior of K5B19O31 were carried out. The transmission spectrum of K5B19O31 shows that it possesses a UV optical cut‐off edge lower than 180 nm. The birefringence was calculated to be about 0.05 at 1064 nm. Structure‐property relationships were further illuminated via the first‐principles calculation methods.
Periodic Operation of a Dynamic DNA Origami Structure Utilizing the Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Phase‐Transition of Stimulus‐Sensitive Polypeptides
Authors: Goetzfried Marisa A. , Vogele Kilian , Mückl Andrea , Kaiser Marcus , Holland Nolan B. , Simmel Friedrich C. , Pirzer Tobias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDynamic DNA nanodevices are designed to perform structure‐encoded motion actuated by a variety of different physicochemical stimuli. In this context, hybrid devices utilizing other components than DNA have the potential to considerably expand the library of functionalities. Here, the reversible reconfiguration of a DNA origami structure using the stimulus sensitivity of elastin‐like polypeptides is reported. To this end, a rectangular sheet made using the DNA origami technique is functionalized with these peptides and by applying changes in salt concentration the hydrophilic–hydrophobic phase transition of these peptides actuate the folding of the structure. The on‐demand and reversible switching of the rectangle is driven by externally imposed temperature oscillations and appears at specific transition temperatures. Using transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that the structure exhibits distinct conformational states with different occupation probabilities, which are dependent on structure‐intrinsic parameters such as the local number and the arrangement of the peptides on the rectangle. It is also shown through ensemble fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy that the transition temperature and thus the thermodynamics of the rectangle‐peptide system depends on the stimuli salt concentration and temperature, as well as on the intrinsic parameters.
Lack of synaptic protein, calsyntenin‐2, impairs morphology of synaptic complexes in mice
Authors: Ranneva Svetlana V. , Maksimov Valeriy F. , Korostyshevskaja Irina M. , Lipina Tatiana V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCalsyntenin‐2 (Clstn2) is the synaptic protein, which belongs to the superfamily of cadherins, playing an important role in learning and memory. We recently reported that Clstn2 knockout mice (Clstn2‐KO) have a deficit of GABAergic interneurons, associated with hyperactivity, deficient spatial memory, and social behavior. Therefore, we sought to characterize morphometric features of the ultrastructure of synaptic complexes of hippocampal and cortical neurons in Clstn2‐KO mice, using high magnification electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed a reduction of symmetric (inhibitory) synaptic density, length of synaptic contacts, and postsynaptic density in neurons of Clstn2‐KO mice. Moreover, cortical neurons of Clstn2‐KO mice were characterized by the predominance of the simplified type of synapses with the emergence of negative curvature of the synaptic zone in Clstn2‐KO mice. Notably, presynaptic zones of cortical neurons of Clstn2‐KO mice were characterized by the increased number of synaptic vesicles in opposite to the decreased number of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic zones of hippocampal neurons. Overall, we found that lack of calsyntenin‐2 leads to the striking architectonic alterations of synaptic complexes in the mouse brain, disrupting synaptic density, shape, and connectivity.
On the decrease of kinetic energy with depth in wave–current interactions
Authors: Aleman A. , Constantin A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study wave–current interactions in two-dimensional water flows with constant vorticity over a flat bed. We establish decay rates for the velocity beneath spatially periodic surface waves without any restrictions on the wave amplitude. The approach relies on complex function theory and overcomes the intricacies inherent to nonlinear flow patterns by taking advantage of specific structural properties of the governing equations for water waves.
Anti-PD-1 therapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer
Authors: Sun Danyang , Ma Junxun , Wang Jinliang , Han Chun , Qian Yuanyu , Chen Guangying , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Juan , Cui Pengfei , Du Wushuang , Wu Zhaozhen , Chen Shixue , Zheng Xuan , Yue Zhichao , Song Jia , Gao Chan , Zhao Xiaochen , Cai Shangli , Hu Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for the efficacy of immunotherapy in biliary tract cancer (BTC) is limited and unsatisfactory.MethodsChinese BTC patients receiving a PD-1 inhibitor with chemotherapy, PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy or chemotherapy alone were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The key secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Patients previously treated with any agent targeting T cell costimulation or immune checkpoints were excluded.ResultsThe study included 77 patients (a PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy,n = 38; PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy,n = 20; chemotherapy alone,n = 19). The median OS was 14.9 months with a PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy, significantly longer than the 4.1 months with PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17–0.80,P = 0.001) and the 6.0 months with chemotherapy alone (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42–0.94,P = 0.011). The median PFS was 5.1 months with a PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy, significantly longer than the 2.2 months with PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.31–1.10,P = 0.014) and the 2.4 months with chemotherapy alone (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.83,P = 0.003). Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were similar between the anti-PD-1 combination group and the chemotherapy alone group (34.2% and 36.8%, respectively).ConclusionsAnti-PD-1 therapy plus chemotherapy is an effective and tolerable approach for advanced BTC.
Associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness with heart rate variability in 6- to 9-year-old children: the PANIC study
Authors: Veijalainen Aapo , Haapala Eero A. , Väistö Juuso , Leppänen Marja H. , Lintu Niina , Tompuri Tuomo , Seppälä Santeri , Ekelund Ulf , Tarvainen Mika P. , Westgate Kate , Brage Søren , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To study the associations of physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with heart rate variability (HRV) in children.

Methods
The participants were a population sample of 377 children aged 6–9 years (49% boys). ST, light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and PA energy expenditure (PAEE) were assessed using a combined heart rate and movement sensor, maximal power output per kilograms of lean body mass as a measure of CRF by maximal cycle ergometer exercise test, and HRV variables (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF) using 5 min resting electrocardiography. Data were analysed by linear regression adjusted for years from peak height velocity.

Results
In boys, ST was inversely associated (β = − 0.185 to − 0.146, p ≤ 0.049) and MVPA, VPA, PAEE, and CRF were directly associated (β = 0.147 to 0.320, p ≤ 0.048) with HRV variables. CRF was directly associated with all HRV variables and PAEE was directly associated with RMSSD after mutual adjustment for ST, PAEE, and CRF (β = 0.169 to 0.270, p ≤ 0.046). In girls, ST was inversely associated (β = − 0.382 to − 0.294, p < 0.001) and LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA, and PAEE were directly associated with HRV variables (β = 0.144 to 0.348, p ≤ 0.049). After mutual adjustment for ST, PAEE, and CRF, only the inverse associations of ST with HRV variables remained statistically significant.

Conclusions
Higher ST and lower PA and CRF were associated with poorer cardiac autonomic nervous system function in children. Lower CRF in boys and higher ST in girls were the strongest correlates of poorer cardiac autonomic function.
Model reduction in computational homogenization for transient heat conduction
Authors: Waseem A. , Heuzé T. , Stainier L. , Geers M. G. D. , Kouznetsova V. G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a computationally efficient homogenization method for transient heat conduction problems. The notion of relaxed separation of scales is introduced and the homogenization framework is derived. Under the assumptions of linearity and relaxed separation of scales, the microscopic solution is decomposed into a steady-state and a transient part. Static condensation is performed to obtain the global basis for the steady-state response and an eigenvalue problem is solved to obtain a global basis for the transient response. The macroscopic quantities are then extracted by averaging and expressed in terms of the coefficients of the reduced basis. Proof-of-principle simulations are conducted with materials exhibiting high contrast material properties. The proposed homogenization method is compared with the conventional steady-state homogenization and transient computational homogenization methods. Within its applicability limits, the proposed homogenization method is able to accurately capture the microscopic thermal inertial effects with significant computational efficiency.
Preoperative predictors of postoperative complications after gastric cancer resection
Authors: Kanda Mitsuro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRisk management is becoming an increasingly important healthcare issue. Gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy is still the mainstay of treatment for localized gastric cancer, but it is sometimes associated with postoperative complications that compromise the patient’s quality of life, tolerability of adjuvant treatment, and prognosis. Parameters based exclusively on preoperative factors can identify patients most at risk of postoperative complications, whereby surgeons can provide the patient with precise informed consent information and optimal perioperative management. Ultimately, these predictive tools can also help minimize medical costs. In this context, many studies have identified factors that predict postoperative complications, including indicators based on body constitution, nutrition, inflammation, organ function and hypercoagulation. This review presents our current understanding and discusses some future perspectives of preoperatively identified factors predictive of complications after resection for gastric cancer.
Apps in der Sekundärprävention nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Fruhwirth Viktoria , Enzinger Christian , Weiss Elisabeth , Schwerdtfeger Andreas , Gattringer Thomas , Pinter Daniela 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Laut der INTERSTROKE Studie werden etwa 90 % des Risikos für einen ischämischen Schlaganfall durch beeinflussbare Risikofaktoren (z. B. Bluthochdruck, Übergewicht, Rauchen) bedingt. Durch eine Verringerung dieser Faktoren könnte das Schlaganfallrisiko deutlich gesenkt werden. Um die Effektivität von Smartphone Apps zur Sekundärprävention nach Schlaganfall in Bezug auf beeinflussbare Risikofaktoren und die Einstellung von PatientInnen gegenüber mobile Health (mHealth) zu ermitteln, wurde von Juni bis August 2018 eine Literaturrecherche in der elektronischen Datenbank PubMed durchgeführt. Berücksichtigt wurden alle Studien, bei denen Smartphone Apps oder App-ähnliche Interventionen an Schlaganfall PatientInnen getestet wurden und deren Auswirkungen auf Risikofaktoren oder PatientInnen-Zufriedenheit berichtet haben (n = 10). Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine signifikante Verbesserung der vaskulären Risikofaktoren Bluthochdruck und Diabetes sowie signifikante Verbesserungen der Lebensstil-Risikofaktoren Bewegungsmangel und Übergewicht durch Smartphone Apps. Schlaganfall PatientInnen empfinden Smartphone Apps größtenteils als nützlich und sind gegenüber mHealth positiv eingestellt, solange diese Maßnahmen eine Ergänzung und keinen Ersatz für persönliche, medizinische Betreuung darstellen.
A High-Fidelity Phantom for the Simulation and Quantitative Evaluation of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Authors: Choi Eunjin , Adams Fabian , Palagi Stefano , Gengenbacher Anina , Schlager Daniel , Müller Philippe-Fabian , Gratzke Christian , Miernik Arkadiusz , Fischer Peer , Qiu Tian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure that requires experience and skill of the surgeon. To permit surgical training under realistic conditions we report a novel phantom of the human prostate that can be resected with TURP. The phantom mirrors the anatomy and haptic properties of the gland and permits quantitative evaluation of important surgical performance indicators. Mixtures of soft materials are engineered to mimic the physical properties of the human tissue, including the mechanical strength, the electrical and thermal conductivity, and the appearance under an endoscope. Electrocautery resection of the phantom closely resembles the procedure on human tissue. Ultrasound contrast agent was applied to the central zone, which was not detectable by the surgeon during the surgery but showed high contrast when imaged after the surgery, to serve as a label for the quantitative evaluation of the surgery. Quantitative criteria for performance assessment are established and evaluated by automated image analysis. We present the workflow of a surgical simulation on a prostate phantom followed by quantitative evaluation of the surgical performance. Surgery on the phantom is useful for medical training, and enables the development and testing of endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical instruments.
Small-Scale Variability in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer
Authors: Mahrt L. , Pfister Lena , Thomas Christoph K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nocturnal variations of temperature and wind are examined at three contrasting sites. After the early evening period of rapid cooling, the magnitude of the variations of temperature on a time scale of 10 min to an hour often become larger than the corresponding temperature change due to the nocturnal trend. These shorter-term temperature variations are forced by wave-like motions and more complex modes. Observations from a network of stations across a shallow valley at one of the sites are analyzed in more detail. Typically, decreasing wind speed corresponds to less mixing and lower temperature at the surface followed by increasing wind speed, increased mixing, and higher temperatures. The flow may continue to switch back and forth between these two states for much of the night. These non-stationary motions interact with motions induced by the gentle local topography, leading to intermittent local drainage flows, transient cold pools, and both propagating and semi-stationary microfronts.
Bimodal age distribution at diagnosis in breast cancer persists across molecular and genomic classifications
Authors: Allott Emma H. , Shan Yue , Chen Mengjie , Sun Xuezheng , Garcia-Recio Susana , Kirk Erin L. , Olshan Andrew F. , Geradts Joseph , Earp H. Shelton , Carey Lisa A. , Perou Charles M. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Anderson William F. , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeFemale breast cancer demonstrates bimodal age frequency distribution patterns at diagnosis, interpretable as two main etiologic subtypes or groupings of tumors with shared risk factors. While RNA-based methods including PAM50 have identified well-established clinical subtypes, age distribution patterns at diagnosis as a proxy for etiologic subtype are not established for molecular and genomic tumor classifications.MethodsWe evaluated smoothed age frequency distributions at diagnosis for Carolina Breast Cancer Study cases within immunohistochemistry-based and RNA-based expression categories. Akaike information criterion (AIC) values compared the fit of single density versus two-component mixture models. Two-component mixture models estimated the proportion of early-onset and late-onset categories by immunohistochemistry-based ER (n = 2860), and by RNA-basedESR1and PAM50 subtype (n = 1965). PAM50 findings were validated using pooled publicly available data (n = 8103).ResultsBreast cancers were best characterized by bimodal age distribution at diagnosis with incidence peaks near 45 and 65 years, regardless of molecular characteristics. However, proportional composition of early-onset and late-onset age distributions varied by molecular and genomic characteristics. Higher ER-protein andESR1-RNA categories showed a greater proportion of late age-at-onset. Similarly, PAM50 subtypes showed a shifting age-at-onset distribution, with most pronounced early-onset and late-onset peaks found in Basal-like and Luminal A, respectively.ConclusionsBimodal age distribution at diagnosis was detected in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, similar to national cancer registry data. Our data support two fundamental age-defined etiologic breast cancer subtypes that persist across molecular and genomic characteristics. Better criteria to distinguish etiologic subtypes could improve understanding of breast cancer etiology and contribute to prevention efforts.
Stakes Sensitivity and Credit Rating: A New Challenge for Regulators
Authors: Booth Anthony , de Bruin Boudewijn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ethical practices of credit rating agencies (CRAs), particularly following the 2008 financial crisis, have been subject to extensive analysis by economists, ethicists, and policymakers. We raise a novel issue facing CRAs that has to do with a problem concerning the transmission of epistemic status of ratings from CRAs to the beneficiaries of the ratings (investors, etc.), and use it to provide a new challenge for regulators. Building on recent work in philosophy, we argue that since CRAs have different stakes than the beneficiaries of the ratings in the ratings being accurate, what counts as knowledge (and as having ‘epistemic status’) concerning credit risk for a CRA may not count as knowledge (as having epistemic status) for the beneficiary. Further, as it stands, many institutional investors (pension funds, insurance companies, etc.) are bound by law to make some of their investment decisions dependent on the ratings of officially recognized CRAs. We argue that the observation that the epistemic status of ratings does not transmit from CRAs to beneficiaries makes salient a new challenge for those who think current regulation regarding the CRAs is prudentially justified, namely, to show that the harm caused by acting on a rating that does not have epistemic status for beneficiaries is compensated by the benefit from them acting on a CRA rating that does have epistemic status for the CRA. Unlike most other commentators, therefore, we offer a defeasible reason to drop references to CRAs in prudential regulation of the financial industry.
A unifying view of explicit and implicit feature maps of graph kernels
Authors: Kriege Nils M. , Neumann Marion , Morris Christopher , Kersting Kristian , Mutzel Petra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNon-linear kernel methods can be approximated by fast linear ones using suitable explicit feature maps allowing their application to large scale problems. We investigate how convolution kernels for structured data are composed from base kernels and construct corresponding feature maps. On this basis we propose exact and approximative feature maps for widely used graph kernels based on the kernel trick. We analyze for which kernels and graph properties computation by explicit feature maps is feasible and actually more efficient. In particular, we derive approximative, explicit feature maps for state-of-the-art kernels supporting real-valued attributes including the GraphHopper and graph invariant kernels. In extensive experiments we show that our approaches often achieve a classification accuracy close to the exact methods based on the kernel trick, but require only a fraction of their running time. Moreover, we propose and analyze algorithms for computing random walk, shortest-path and subgraph matching kernels by explicit and implicit feature maps. Our theoretical results are confirmed experimentally by observing a phase transition when comparing running time with respect to label diversity, walk lengths and subgraph size, respectively.