bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The commemoration of death, organizational memory, and police culture
Authors: Sierra‐Arévalo Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolice scholars document that although there is fragmentation of the so‐called “monolithic” police culture, historically consistent features of the occupational culture of police exist. By drawing on ethnographic observations in three U.S. police departments, I describe how one consistent feature of police culture—the preoccupation with danger and potential death—is maintained by the commemoration of officers killed in the line of duty. Through the use of commemorative cultural artifacts, officers and departments construct an organizational memory that locally reflects and reifies the salience of danger and potential death in policing. Furthermore, commemoration of fallen officers is not restricted to a department's own; the dead of other departments are commemorated by distant police organizations and their officers, maintaining broad, occupational assumptions of dangerous and deadly police work that transcend a single department and its localized organizational memory. Implications for the study of police culture, inequalities in policing, and police reform are considered.
Art‐omics: multi‐omics meet archaeology and art conservation
Authors: Vilanova Cristina , Porcar Manuel 
Published: August 2019

SummaryMulti‐omics can informally be described as the combined use of high‐throughput techniques allowing the characterization of complete microbial communities by the sequencing/identification of total pools of biomolecules including DNA, proteins or metabolites. These techniques have allowed an unprecedented level of knowledge on complex microbial ecosystems, which is having key implications in land and marine ecology, industrial biotechnology or biomedicine. Multi‐omics have recently been applied to artistic or archaeological objects, with the goal of either contributing to shedding light on the original context of the pieces and/or to inform conservation approaches. In this minireview, we discuss the application of ‐omic techniques to the study of prehistoric artworks and ancient man‐made objects in three main technical blocks: metagenomics, proteomics and metabolomics. In particular, we will focus on how proteomics and metabolomics can provide paradigm‐breaking results by unambiguously identifying peptides associated with a given, palaeo‐cultural context; and we will discuss how metagenomics can be central for the identification of the microbial keyplayers on artworks surfaces, whose conservation can then be approached by a range of techniques, including using selected microorganisms as ‘probiotics’ because of their direct or indirect effect in the stabilization and preservation of valuable art objects.
Dropout rates of in‐person psychosocial substance use disorder treatments: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lappan Sara N. , Brown Andrew W. , Hendricks Peter S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsRelapse rates for psychosocial substance use disorder (SUD) treatments are high, and dropout is a robust predictor of relapse. This study aimed to estimate average dropout rates of in‐person psychosocial SUD treatments and to assess predictors of dropout.DesignA comprehensive meta‐analysis of dropout rates of studies of in‐person psychosocial SUD treatment. Studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.SettingStudies conducted anywhere in the world that examined SUD treatment and were published from 1965 to 2016, inclusive.Participants/casesOne hundred and fifty‐one studies, 338 study arms and 299 dropout rates including 26 243 participants.MeasurementsDatabases were searched for studies of SUD treatment that included an in‐person psychosocial component. Meta‐analyses and meta‐regressions were conducted to estimate dropout rates and identify predictors of dropout, including participant characteristics, facilitator characteristics and treatment characteristics. Pooled estimates were calculated with random‐effects analyses accounting for the hierarchical structure of study arms nested within studies.FindingsThe average dropout rate across all studies and study arms was 30.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 27.2–33.8 and 95% prediction interval (PI) = 6.25–74.15], with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 93.7%, P < 0.0001). Studies including a higher percentage of African Americans and lower‐income individuals were associated with higher dropout rates. At intake, more cigarettes/day and a greater percentage of heroin use days were associated with lower dropout rates, whereas heavier cocaine use was associated with higher dropout rates. Dropout rates were highest for studies targeting cocaine, methamphetamines and major stimulants (broadly defined) and lowest for studies targeting alcohol, tobacco and heroin, although there were few studies on methamphetamines, major stimulants and heroin. Programs characterized by more treatment sessions and greater average session length were associated with higher dropout rates. Facilitator characteristics were not significantly associated with dropout.ConclusionsOn average, approximately 30% of participants drop out of in‐person psychosocial SUD treatment studies, but there is wide variability. Drop‐out rates vary with the treated population, the substance being targeted, and the characteristics of the treatment.
Marked increase in the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in young females in New Zealand
Authors: Sutherland Kirsty , Clatworthy Mark , Fulcher Mark , Chang Kevin , Young Simon W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament injuries cause significant morbidity, and may be increasing in incidence as participation in high‐risk sports increases. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery in New Zealand, and to analyse changes over time in demographic subgroups.MethodData were sourced from the Accident Compensation Corporation. Data relating to primary ACLRs performed from 2009 to 2016 were evaluated (n = 20 751). Baseline population estimates were obtained from national census data to calculate the incidence, and results were compared to previous data from 2000 to 2005 (n = 7375).ResultsThe annual incidence of ACLR for 2009–2016 was 58.2 per 100 000 person‐years and was greater in males than in females (72.2 and 44.9, respectively). This represents a 58% increase when compared with the period 2000–2005 (36.9 per 100 000). The greatest increase was seen in females aged 15–19 years, with the incidence increasing by 120% in the last decade, compared with 53% in females aged 20–24 years. The percentage of injuries caused by sports changed from 65% over 2000–2005 to 76% over 2009–2016, with netball, rugby and football accounting for the highest number of injuries.ConclusionThe incidence of ACLR procedures has increased markedly in New Zealand, and this increase was most pronounced in females aged 15–19 years. A greater proportion of procedures are now due to sport‐related injuries.
A candidate pathogenic gene, zinc finger gene 217 (ZNF217), may contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome through prostaglandin E2
Authors: Zhai Junyu , Li Shang , Cheng Xiaoyue , Chen Zi‐Jiang , Li Weiping , Du Yanzhi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrine condition with chronic inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a proinflammatory factor with an increased expression in the serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Zinc finger gene 217 (ZNF217) is known as a candidate gene for polycystic ovary syndrome. We aimed to investigate the relation between ZNF217 and PGE2 in polycystic ovary syndrome.Material and methodsWe used a rat model of dehydroepiandrosterone‐induced polycystic ovary syndrome and human granulosa cells both of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and of women without the syndrome to measure ZNF217 and other target gene expressions. In addition, we performed in vitro experiments with KGN human granulosa‐like tumor cells to verify the molecular mechanisms.ResultsZNF217 was decreased in the granulosa cells both of dehydroepiandrosterone‐treated rats and of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cyclooxygenase 2, a key enzyme of PGE2 synthesis, was highly expressed in the granulosa cells of rats and women with the syndrome, and PGE2 concentration was increased in the follicular fluid. Furthermore, decreased ZNF217 expression was supposed to inhibit estradiol synthesis, which further promoted cyclooxygenase 2 and PGE2 synthesis. At the same time, PGE2 had an inhibitory effect on ZNF217 expression in a dose‐dependent manner in KGN cells.ConclusionsDecreased ZNF217 expression in granulosa cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome induced inflammation via PGE2, and PGE2 inhibited ZNF217 expression to establish a feedback loop. This mechanism might account for the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibition) model to support dose rationale in diabetes patients, including those with renal impairment, for once‐weekly administered omarigliptin
Authors: Jain Lokesh , Chain Anne S.Y. , Tatosian Daniel A. , Hing Jeremy , Passarell Julie A. , Kauh Eunkyung A. , Lai Eseng 
Published: August 2019

AimsTo characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the once‐weekly dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor omarigliptin in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and use these models to support the dosing recommendation for patient labelling including patients with renal impairment.MethodsPK and PD were assessed from a total of 9827 omarigliptin concentrations collected from 1387 healthy subjects and patients participating in Phase 1, 2 and 3 studies examining single‐ or multiple‐dose weekly administration of omarigliptin at doses ranging from 0.25 to 400 mg. Population PK and PD analyses were performed using nonlinear mixed effect modelling.ResultsA semi‐mechanistic 2‐compartment model with linear unbound clearance and concentration‐dependent binding of omarigliptin to the DPP‐4 enzyme in both the central and peripheral compartments adequately described omarigliptin PK. Key covariates on omarigliptin PK included reduced unbound clearance with renal impairment. A direct effect sigmoid maximum inhibitory efficacy model adequately described the relationship between omarigliptin plasma concentrations and DPP‐4 inhibition. These models supported the current Japan label instructions that the approved omarigliptin 25‐mg once‐weekly dose be halved in patients with severe renal impairment and in those with end‐stage renal disease. Also, if patients missed a dose, the next dose of omarigliptin should be taken as soon as remembered up to and including the day before the next scheduled dose. No other clinically important covariates were identified.ConclusionThe models in the present analysis adequately described PK and PD characteristics of omarigliptin and supported the dosing and administration section of the omarigliptin label.
Dual inhibition of cannabinoid CB1 receptor and inducible NOS attenuates obesity‐induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Udi Shiran , Hinden Liad , Ahmad Majdoleen , Drori Adi , Iyer Malliga R. , Cinar Resat , Herman‐Edelstein Michal , Tam Joseph 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeObesity, an important risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), affects the kidneys by two main molecular signalling pathways: the endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor system, whose activation in obesity promotes renal inflammation, fibrosis, and injury, and the inducible NOS (iNOS), which generates ROS resulting in oxidative stress. Hence, a compound that inhibits both peripheral CB1 receptors and iNOS may serve as an effective therapeutic agent against obesity‐induced CKD.Experimental ApproachHere, we describe the effect of a novel peripherally restricted, orally bioavailable dual CB1 receptor/iNOS antagonist, MRI‐1867 (3 mg·kg−1), in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD, and compared its metabolic and renal efficacies to a stand‐alone peripheral CB1 receptor antagonist (JD5037; 3 mg·kg−1), iNOS antagonist (1400W; 10 mg·kg−1), and pair feeding. Mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity were treated orally with these compounds or vehicle (Veh) for 28 days. Standard diet‐fed mice treated with Veh served as controls.Key ResultsEnhanced expression of CB1 receptors and iNOS in renal tubules was found in human kidney patients with obesity and other CKDs. The hybrid inhibitor ameliorated obesity‐induced kidney morphological and functional changes via decreasing kidney inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and renal injury. Some of these features were independent of the improved metabolic profile mediated via inhibition of CB1 receptors. An additional interesting finding is that these beneficial effects on the kidney were partially associated with modulating renal adiponectin signalling.Conclusions and ImplicationsCollectively, our results highlight the therapeutic relevance of blocking CB1 receptors and iNOS in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD.
Behavioral and Neural Pathways Supporting the Development of Prosocial and Risk‐Taking Behavior Across Adolescence
Authors: Blankenstein Neeltje E. , Telzer Eva H. , Do Kathy T. , van Duijvenvoorde Anna C.K. , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: August 2019

This study tested the pathways supporting adolescent development of prosocial and rebellious behavior. Self‐report and structural brain development data were obtained in a three‐wave, longitudinal neuroimaging study (8–29 years, N = 210 at Wave 3). First, prosocial and rebellious behavior assessed at Wave 3 were positively correlated. Perspective taking and intention to comfort uniquely predicted prosocial behavior, whereas fun seeking (current levels and longitudinal changes) predicted both prosocial and rebellious behaviors. These changes were accompanied by developmental declines in nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) volumes, but only faster decline of MPFC (faster maturity) related to less rebellious behavior. These findings point toward a possible differential susceptibility marker, fun seeking, as a predictor of both prosocial and rebellious developmental outcomes.
Marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM frameworks in multiple implant‐supported restorations: Scanning and milling error analysis
Authors: Uribarri Agurne , Bilbao‐Uriarte Eneritz , Segurola Aiora , Ugarte Done , Verdugo Fernando 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology improving prosthesis fit, errors inherent to digital workflow still exist.PurposeTo measure scanning/milling errors, and identify factors influencing marginal (MD) and internal discrepancy (ID).Materials and MethodsAfter scanning, 22 conical abutments in 5 master casts, 6 suprastructures with more than 2 implants (3, 4, and 6) were CAD designed. Angular deviation and errors in the vertical/horizontal planes were analyzed using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). CAD suprastructures were milled and MD/ID evaluated with micro‐computed tomography (CT) and optic microscopy (OM) at one screw test (OST) and final fit test (FFT).ResultsMean scanning errors, at the vertical/horizontal planes, and angulation error were 3 μm ± 13, 44 μm ± 34, 0.3° ± 0.2°, respectively. Angulation errors nearly double in structures >3 abutments (0.26°vs 0.4°). OM MD in FFT/OST was 57.7 μm ± 13.9/100.7 μm ± 34.6, respectively. Micro‐CT FFT‐MD was 38.9 μm ± 12.8. Lineal/perimetral ID was 49.6 μm ± 11.9 and 108.2° ± 41.8, respectively. Structures >3‐implants were 2.3 times more likely to present higher MD (CI95%:0.4‐13.6). Nearly all the internal horizontal gap was due to scanning errors (44 of 49.6 μm). Horizontal scanning errors were three times more likely to present greater ID (CI95%:0.5‐17.4).ConclusionHorizontal plane scanning errors are greater than vertical errors. Scanning angulation/milling errors are higher for suprastructures>3implants. Scanning/milling errors are associated with ID/MD, respectively, leading to micro‐gap formation. A CMM reduces scanning errors in >3‐implant‐frameworks before milling the final piece.
Incidence of and risk factors for lymphocele formation after lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Ochiai K. , Kaneko M. , Nozawa H. , Kawai K. , Hata K. , Tanaka T. , Nishikawa T. , Shuno Y. , Sasaki K. , Hiyoshi M. , Emoto S. , Murono K. , Sonoda H. , Ishihara S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimPelvic lymphocele is a common complication that develops after pelvic lymph node dissection. The incidence of pelvic lymphocele formation has been reported to be 10.5–51% after gynaecological or urological procedures. However, no evidence has been reported thus far with regard to the development of pelvic lymphocele following lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPND) for low rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for lymphocele formation after LPND for low rectal cancer and to examine its clinical management.MethodWe retrospectively analysed the incidence of and risk factors for pelvic lymphocele formation after LPND for rectal cancer in our hospital between January 2012 and December 2017. We also compared the size of the lymphocele between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients by using CT volumetry and examined its clinical management.ResultsA total of 30 out of 98 patients (30.8%) developed pelvic lymphocele after rectal LPND. The number of resected nodes was significantly higher in patients with a pelvic lymphocele (P < 0.01). The median volume was significantly higher in patients with symptomatic pelvic lymphocele (P = 0.011). Among the nine symptomatic patients, two underwent CT‐guided drainage, one underwent transurethral ureteral stent placement and one underwent laparoscopic marsupialization.ConclusionIt is essential to keep in mind the possibility of pelvic lymphocele formation during follow‐up of patients who undergo LPND, and to consider an appropriate treatment when these patients are symptomatic.
Surgical treatment of a colon neoplasm of the splenic flexure: a multicentric study of short‐term outcomes
Authors: Binda G. A. , Amato A. , Alberton G. , Bruzzone M. , Secondo P. , Lòpez‐Borao J. , Giudicissi R. , Falato A. , Fucini C. , Bianco F. , Biondo S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe optimal surgical treatment of splenic flexure neoplasm is still not well defined. Extended right hemicolectomy (ERH) and left colic resection (LCR) have been proposed but conclusive evidence concerning postoperative morbidity and oncological results is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse the short‐term outcomes after surgery for splenic flexure cancer with regard to surgical procedure and surgeon's specialty.MethodsThis was a multicentre study on patients who underwent surgery for primary colon cancer of the splenic flexure.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2015, 324 patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion into the study; 270 (83.4%) had elective surgery while 54 (16.6%) had emergency resection: 158 (48.8%) underwent ERH and 166 (51.2%) LCR; 176 (54.3%) procedures were performed by colorectal surgeons, 148 (46.7%) by general surgeons. In the ERH group a significantly higher rate of emergency operations was carried out (P = 0.005). After elective surgery, no significant differences between ERH and LCR concerning 30‐day mortality (3.3% vs 2.0%) and the need for reoperation (10.6% vs 7.4%) were found. Nodal harvesting was significantly higher in the ERH and colorectal surgeon groups in any clinical scenario. At multivariate analysis, age and smoking habit were predictive of the need for reoperation and major morbidity while the general surgeon group showed a higher risk of anastomotic failure (OR = 1.92; P = 0.168).ConclusionWe analysed the largest series in literature of curative resections for splenic flexure tumours. The optimal procedure still remains debatable as ERH and LCR appear to achieve comparable short‐term outcomes. Surgeon's specialty seems to positively affect patient's outcomes.
Open access principles and practices benefit conservation
Authors: Alston Jesse M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOpen access is often contentious in the scientific community, but its implications for conservation are under‐discussed or omitted entirely from scientific discourse. Access to literature is a key factor impeding implementation of conservation research, and many open access models and concepts that are little‐known by most conservation researchers may facilitate implementation. Conservation professionals working outside academic institutions should have more access to research so that conservation is better supported by current science. In this perspective, I present elements missing from current discussions of open access and suggest potential pathways for journal publishers and researchers to make conservation publications more open. There are many promising avenues for open access to play a larger role in conservation research, including archiving pre‐prints and post‐prints, more permissive “green” open access policies, and increasing access to older articles. Collectively supporting open access practices will benefit our profession and the species we are working to protect.
Early allograft pancreatectomy—Technical failure or acute pancreatic rejection?
Authors: Wallace David F , Bunnett Joanna , Fryer Eve , Drage Martin , Horsfield Catherine , Callaghan Chris J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction“Technical failure” is still perceived to be a frequent cause of graft loss after pancreas transplantation. However, some early graft losses currently attributed to technical failure could be due to unrecognized acute pancreas rejection (APR).MethodsWe investigated the apparent incidence of APR in cases of early allograft pancreatectomy (EAP) that had previously been attributed to technical failure. We performed an analysis of 198 patients who underwent pancreas transplantation between January 2009 and January 2016 and identified all those with EAP within 90 days of transplantation. Explanted grafts of EAP recipients were re‐examined histologically to evaluate for evidence of APR using current Banff criteria.ResultsTwenty‐three EAPs were identified (11.6%; 23/198). APR was identified histologically in 9 out of the 15 recipients who lost their grafts due to duodenal leaks or recurrent peripancreatic collections, but was not identified in any of the patients whose grafts were lost due to thrombosis or ischemia.InterpretationUnsuspected APR appears common in the explanted grafts of recipients who have undergone EAP for apparently “technical” reasons. We suggest that EAP should be defined as a technical failure only when APR of the pancreas (or duodenum) has been excluded by histological analysis.