bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Probabilistic Network and Power Spectral Estimation Used in Sleep Stage Classification
Authors: Kjaer A. , Jensen W. , Dyrby T. , Andreasen L. , Andersen J. , Andreassen S. , Nielsen K. D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract.A new method for sleep-stage classification using a causal probabilistic network as automatic classifier has been implemented and validated. The system uses features from the primary sleep signals from the brain (EEG) and the eyes (AOG) as input. From the EEG, features are derived containing spectral information which is used to classify power in the classical spectral bands, sleep spindles and K-complexes. From AOG, information on rapid eye movements is derived. Features are extracted every 2 seconds. The CPN-based sleep classifier was implemented using the HUGIN system, an application tool to handle causal probabilistic networks. The results obtained using different training approaches show agreements ranging from 68.7 to 70.7% between the system and the two experts when a pooled agreement is computed over the six subjects. As a comparison, the interrater agreement between the two experts was found to be 71.4%, measured also over the six subjects.
Classification of Acceleration Waveforms during Walking by Wavelet Transform
Authors: Sekine M. , Ogawa M. , Togawa T. , Fukui Y. , Tamura T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:In this study we have attempted to classify the acceleration signal, while walking both at horizontal level, and upstairs and downstairs, using wavelet analysis. The acceleration signal close to the body’s center of gravity was measured while the subjects walked in a corridor and up and down a stairway. The data for four steps were analyzed and the Daubecies 3 wavelet transform was applied to the sequential data. The variables to be discriminated were the waveforms related to levels -4 and -5. The sum of the square values at each step was compared at levels -4 and -5. Downstairs walking could be discriminated from other types of walking, showing the largest value for level -5. Walking at horizontal level was compared with upstairs walking for level -4. It was possible to discriminate the continuous dynamic responses to walking by the wavelet transform.
On-line Analysis of AEP and EEG for Monitoring Depth of Anaesthesia
Authors: Filligoi G. C. , Makovec B. , Gagliardi M. , Henneberg S. W. , Lindholm P. , Cerutti S. , Capitanio L. , Jensen E. W. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Achieving and monitoring adequate depth of anaesthesia is a challenge to the anaesthetist. With the introduction of muscle relaxing agents, the traditional signs of awareness are often obscured or difficult to interpret. These signs include blood pressure, heart rate, pupil size, etc. However, these factors do not describe the depth of anaesthesia, (DA), in a cerebral activity sense, hence there is a desire to achieve a better measure of the DA. Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP) provide two aspects relevant to - anaesthesia: (1) they have identifiable anatomical significance and, (2) their characteristics reflect the way in which the brain reacts to a stimulus. However, AEP is embedded in noise from the ongoing EEG background activity. Hence, processing is needed to improve the signal to noise ratio. The methods applied were moving time averaging (MTA) and ARX-modeling. The EEG was collected from the left hemisphere and analysed by FFT to 1 sec epochs and the spectral edge frequency was calculated. Both the changes in ARX extracted AEP and the spectral edge frequency of the EEG correlated well with the time interval between propofol induction and onset of anaesthesia measured by clinical signs (i.e., cessation of eye-lash reflex). The MTA extracted AEP was significantly slower in tracing the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness.
Visualization of EEG Using Time-Frequency Distributions
Authors: Stiber B. , Sato S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The EEG is a time-varying or nonstationary signal. Frequency and amplitude are two of its significant characteristics, and are valuable clues to different states of brain activity. Detection of these temporal features is important in understanding EEGs. Commonly, spectrograms and AR models are used for EEG analysis. However, their accuracy is limited by their inherent assumption of stationarity and their trade-off between time and frequency resolution. We investigate EEG signal processing using existing compound kernel time-frequency distributions (TFDs). By providing a joint distribution of signal intensity at any frequency along time, TFDs preserve details of the temporal structure of the EEG waveform, and can extract its time-varying frequency and amplitude features. We expect that this will have significant implications for EEG analysis and medical diagnosis.
Standardization in Medical Informatics
Authors: de Moor G. J. E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article stresses the importance of standardization in the domain of Health and Medical Informatics, and Telematics. It gives an overview of the current standing of the activities of CEN TC 251 (European Standardization Committee, Technical Committee on Health Care informatics) and describes the scope and content of a number of emerging European standards.
Teaching probabilistic medical reasoning with the Elvira software
Authors: Díez F.J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This paper briefly describes the main features of the UNED (Spanish National University for Distance Education) and the course on Probability and Statistics in Medicine. Then it introduces Bayesian networks and influence diagrams, two of the methods taught in this course. Finally, it explains how Elvira, a software package, can help the students to understand some difficult probabilistic concepts.
Public Health Implications of Bioinformatics
Authors: Martin-Sanchez F. , Maojo V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Epidemiologists are reformulating their classical approaches to diseases by considering various issues associated to “omics” areas and technologies. Traditional differences between epidemiology and genetics include background, training, terminologies, study designs and others. Public health and epidemiology are increasingly looking forward to using methodologies and informatics tools, facilitated by the Bioinformatics community, for managing genomic information. Future microarray developments will also facilitate the analysis of entire genomes on single arrays, enhancing genetic epidemiology research. The use of biomarkers, biobanks, and integrated genomic/clinical databases poses serious challenges for bioinformaticians in order to extract useful information and knowledge for biomedical research and healthcare. In this regard, there are various ethical, privacy, informed consent and social implications that should be carefully addressed by researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
Section 2: Patient Records: The Computerized Patient Record: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Knaup P. , Schmidt D. , Jaspers M. W. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo provide an overview of trends in research, developments and implementations of the computerized patient record (CPR) of the last two years.We surveyed the medical informatics literature, spanning the years 2004-2005, focusing on publications on CPRs.The main trends revealed were: 1) the development of technologies to realize privacy and security goals or remote data entry and access to CPRs; 2) investigations into how to enhance the quality and reuse of CPR data; 3) the development and evaluation of decision support functions to be integrated with CPRs; 4) evaluations of the impact of CPRs on clinicians, patients, clinical work settings and patient outcomes; and 5) the further development and use of standards to move towards shared electronic health records (EHRs).The CPR is playing a growing part in medical informatics research and evaluation studies, but the goal of establishing a comprehensive lifelong EHR is still a long way off. In moving forward to EHRs, convergence of EHR standards seems required to realize true interoperability of health care applications. User acceptance of present-day CPRs (for all categories of users) and compatibility with work patterns has not been achieved yet, and can only be realized by giving these goals high priority. This will require substantial resources for in-depth work flow analysis, development and evaluation of CPRs. Besides this, the implementation of effective CPRs asks for health care organizations that are willing to invest in new developments and to contribute to evaluation studies, to further improve CPRs’ functionalities and enhance their use in practice.Haux R, Kulikowski C, editors. IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2006.
Special Section: Assessing Information Technologies for Health: Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Ammenwerth E. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Assessing Information Technologies for Health
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of health technology assessment.Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006.Five excellent articles representing the research in four different nations were selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006 from three international peer reviewed journals.The best paper selection for the Yearbook section ‘Assessing Information Technologies for Health’ presents papers evaluating the benefit and side-effects of information technology in various settings. They clearly indicate that benefit of IT in health care can be achieved when the systems are appropriately designed, implemented and operated. Besides the presented quantitative studies, also qualitative study designs are of value to find unintended effects of IT, or to better explain found effects. IT evaluation supports a reflective practice on how health informatics influences health care, enabling the emergence of an evidence-based health informatics.
Evaluation of Electronic Health Record Systems
Authors: Nøhr C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objective of this article is to present an overview of the various considerations to be made prior to evaluating electronic health record (EHR) systems.From the methodological literature, a number of themes for decisions are presented and related to the contemporary EHR situation. Special attention is paid to a number of important methodological themes.Definitive checklists for evaluation of EHR systems can not be recommended, but seven key steps are listed to guide the design of evaluation projects.It is concluded that the issues presented are not completely exhausted and the seven key steps might have to include iterative loops because of interdependencies between some of the steps.
Assessment of Education and Research in Biomedical Informatics
Authors: van Bemmel J.H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe existence and survival of university institutes is increasingly dependent on assessments of research and education. In many countries also departments of biomedical informatics are assessed at regular intervals, often as part of the review of a Medical or Health Sciences Faculty, or a Research School. The article underlines the importance of periodic evaluation of research and education in biomedical informatics.Quality assessment, if done by an independent review committee of peers, is a suitable instrument to obtain insight into the quality and accountability of both education and research. Key instruments for the assessment of education and research are welldefined protocols that are used for self-assessment. These selfassessment reports form the inputs for the independent review committee.The outcomes of the assessments are directly related to the quality of research, which is visible in publications in peer-reviewed journals. Internal quality management tools contribute to a large extent to the improvement of the quality of education and research.External assessment – review by peers – is increasingly used as the final step of an integral quality system for research and education. This is particularly important if the results of biomedical informatics R&D are to be applied in clinical practice. A positive outcome of an assessment can only be expected from a long-term investment in the quality of research and researchers who publish their results in peer-reviewed journals.
Health Care and Informatics: On IMIA’s Opportunities and Responsibilities in its 5th Decade
Authors: Reichertz Peter 
Published: March 2018

Summary
ObjectiveTo report about major past and future activities of IMIA, the International Medical Informatics Association.
Method Summarizing discussions and planning activities within IMIA, in particular with respect to its Board and General Assembly meetings in 2007; looking at recent informatics evolution by commenting on IMIA Yearbook surveys and best paper selections.
Results Major recent IMIA activities include Medinfo 2007, finalizing its long-term strategic plan ‘Towards IMIA 2015’, and the reinforcement of IMIA’s collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). The IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics, published annually since 1992, can be regarded as an important observatory for progress in health and biomedical informatics. Future activities comprise implementing IMIA’s strategic plan, reshaping its portfolio of conferences, preparing Medinfo 2010, in addition to continuing to support and enable collaborative international exchange of research and education and bridging to the practice of health and biomedical informatics.
Conclusions Informatics has emerged as an increasingly important field for health care and for the health and biomedical sciences. Within the last 40 years IMIA has evolved to a truly global organization, in a world, where medical informatics has gained significant importance for high-quality, efficient health care and for research in biomedicine and in the health sciences. Now in its 5th decade, IMIA’s responsibilities as well as opportunities as a global, independent organization have both increased.Geissbuhler A, Kulikowski C, editors. IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2008.
Health and Clinical Management - From Hospital to Home Patient Care Management
Authors: Kubias D. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health and Clinical Management
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To summarize last year’s excellent research in the field of heath and clinical management.
Method Synopsis of the best articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2008.
Results The selection process for this yearbook’s section on ‘Health and Clinical Management’ results in four excellent articles representing various topics of the field. These papers cover areas from inpatient managerial decision support to remote patient monitoring at their homes.
Conclusions Although these articles represent only a fraction of the worldwide work in the ‘Health and Clinical Management’ domain, they show promising strategies for contributing to improving the management of patient care.
Towards Addressing the Opportunities and Challenges of Web 2.0 for Health and Informatics
Authors: Cabrer M. , Hansen M. , Paton C. , Elkin P. L. , Erdley W. S. , Murray P. J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
ObjectiveTo provide an overview of Web 2.0 and Health 2.0, and so facilitate a widespread discussion of the nature of these concepts and their possible application within the health domain, and implications for health and biomedical informatics and for IMIA.
MethodsIMIA, the International Medical Informatics Association, has established a Web 2.0 Exploratory Taskforce to bring together interested individuals from within and outside IMIA to explore the nature and potential of Web 2.0 applications. The Taskforce aims to develop background materials and sample uses of Web 2.0 applications, so as to propose specific lines of action for the IMIA Board and General Assembly. This paper provides a brief overview of Web 2.0 and related concepts, and examples of general and health-specific Web 2.0 applications. Some examples of the issues, challenges and opportunities are introduced, to set the scene for a wider dialogue on if, how, and how best, IMIA, and the wider health and informatics communities, should use these new applications and approaches.
Results and conclusionsThis brief paper provides an introduction to, and overview of, the many issues involved in considering the application of Web 2.0 to health and informatics. All interested individuals and organisations are invited to use this as a starting point for engaging in wider discussion and contributing to the Taskforce and to IMIA’s future.
Health Information Systems: Current Challenges and Developments
Authors: Bréant C. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health Information Systems
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To summarize excellent current research in the field of Health Information Systems.
Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2008.
Results HIS is a broad field that includes many fruitful areas of research and development. Some current topics were selected for this IMIA yearbook.
Conclusions The best paper selection of articles on health information systems shows examples of original developments in the area of: medical record systems to meet specific requirements in a developing country, methodologies to identify strengths and weaknesses of hospital information systems, networking of hospital information systems towards an integrated regional health platform, and development of an open source picture archiving and communication systems to facilitate the integration of advanced new imaging functionalities.
Medical Multimedia Retrieval 2.0
Authors: Müller H. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives The objective of this article is to provide an overview of current trends in medical multimedia retrieval. This state of the art is then compared with trends and techniques in the Web 2.0 field that addresses several of the problems of current multimedia retrieval and may help in solving them.
MethodsThe article uses a review of the current literature on medical imaging and medical multimedia retrieval from the Pubmed and Google scholar literature search engines. Other sources include popular Web 2.0 web pages and articles on Web 2.0 describing the main concepts of these technologies in the medical domain.
Results Web 2.0 has significantly changed the way we interact with the Internet and has created an important added-value by promoting activities of users and interactions between users. In the medical field, there are many examples of adoption of these methods and multimedia retrieval can play an important role in this field by supplying the right data at the right time.
Conclusions Medical multimedia retrieval still has a long way to go to become an everyday tool in the medical field and in clinical practice. Still, when reusing and linking much of the electronic patient record’s data, image retrieval can be a technology to help extract important knowledge and navigate through the large amounts of data. Key challenges for more widespread adoption of these technologies involve legal rules for secondary use of medical data because currently only very few image data sets with ground truth have been made available.
Assessing the Capital Efficiency of Healthcare Information Technologies Investments: An Econometric Perspective
Authors: Meyer Rodolphe , Degoulet Patrice 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To examine the different methods that can be used in the quantification of the added value of information technologies (IT) in the health care sector. This quantification represents a major issue for decision-makers and health care professionals when they have to plan an IT investment.
MethodsArticles were chosen via Medline, internet and the University of Geneva bibliographic portal. Some of the papers were obtained directly from their authors. We examine the most current methods used to evaluate IT return on investment (ROI) in the general business and in the health care sector, drawing attention on methods traditionally used in macro economic studies that could reveal themselves disruptive for IT ROI impact evaluation in hospitals.
Results Financial and accounting methods can provide interesting data on a specific IT project but are usually incomplete for revealing the global IT investment influence. Econometric methods tend to demonstrate the positive impact of health care IT (HIT) on hospital production and productivity. Hospitals having higher levels of IT investment tend to deliver a higher level of clinical quality and show improved hospital cost performances.
Conclusions Information technologies are so intermingled with people and processes that the identification of specific IT benefit remains questionable. Using macro economic tools could be the best way to analyze and compute IT ROI in health care. Econometric tools take into account all types investments (inputs) and all the returns (outputs) enabling the precise measurement of IT investments impact, breakeven points, and possible threshold levels, thus providing helpful intelligence to reach the higher levels of IT governance in hospitals.
Rising Expectations: Access to Biomedical Information
Authors: Humphreys B. L. , Lindberg D. A. B. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objective To provide an overview of the expansion in public access to electronic biomedical information over the past two decades, with an emphasis on developments to which the U.S. National Library of Medicine contributed.
Methods Review of the increasingly broad spectrum of webaccessible genomic data, biomedical literature, consumer health information, clinical trials data, and images.
Results The amount of publicly available electronic biomedical information has increased dramatically over the past twenty years. Rising expectations regarding access to biomedical information were stimulated by the spread of the Internet, the World Wide Web, advanced searching and linking techniques. These informatics advances simplified and improved access to electronic information and reduced costs, which enabled inter-organizational collaborations to build and maintain large international information resources and also aided outreach and education efforts The demonstrated benefits of free access to electronic biomedical information encouraged the development of public policies that further increase the amount of information available.
Conclusions Continuing rapid growth of publicly accessible electronic biomedical information presents tremendous opportunities and challenges, including the need to ensure uninterrupted access during disasters or emergencies and to manage digital resources so they remain available for future generations.
Sensors, Signals, and Images in Medical Informatics: Progress and Evaluation
Authors: Müller H. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Sensors, Signals, and Imaging Informatics
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To summarize current research in the field of sensors, signals, and imaging in medicine and the impact of it in the medical informatics field through the selection of important and representative papers.
Methods Survey of the 2007 biomedical literature in the area of sensors, signals, and imaging informatics.
Results The review process of many candidate papers reflects the large variety of this research field. Four articles were finally selected with the help of the reviewers representing the important domains of brain-computer interfaces, brain shift correction, computer-aided interventions, and wearable sensors.
Conclusions The four selected papers show the wide variety in medical informatics research concerning sensors, signals, and images. Imaging and signal research becomes increasingly broad and the number of techniques available and used in clinical practice is enormous and constantly increasing. The selected articles can only present a few highlights and many important topics had to be left out of this overview.