bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new side stream process for easily degradable industrial waste waters to avoid sludge bulking
Authors: Wandl G. , Matsché N. , Bayer H. 
Published: May 2018

A new treatment scheme for the treatment of easily biodegradable industrial waste waters has been developed. The side stream treatment of dairy waste water with the excess sludge from the domestic treatment line of the regional treatment plant Bad Vöslau has been operated successfully for a period of three years during which the industrial load stemming from the dairy increased from 800 kg COD/d to 2,500 kg COD/d with peak loads up to 5,000 kg/d. Despite of the increased load to the treatment plant the total aeration tank volume had not been increased. This treatment is performed in an existing aeration tank of the WWTP (V = 1,800 m3) which is now used as contact tank for the combined aeration of dairy waste water and excess sludge from the domestic treatment line (volume aeration tank = 15,000 m3). In this tank the easily degradable substrate from the industrial waste is mainly adsorbed to the biological sludge and after a mechanical dewatering transferred to the anaerobic digester where it yields in an increased gas production. The filtrate of the dewatering process is completely free from biodegradable material and can without danger of bulking be fed to the aeration tank of the domestic treatment line.
The new process has proven to be extremely flexible since already now daily peak loads exceeding the design load by more then 60% could be treated in the plant without any problems. Compared to other alternatives for the dairy waste water treatment that were investigated during this study, the new side stream process is very advantageous. No other pre-treatment process for industrial waste water could have been operated under comparable loading conditions without severe operating problems.
The effect of public or private structures in wastewater treatment on the conditions for the design, construction and operation of wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Grünebaum T. , Bode H. 
Published: May 2018

Organised in public or private structures, wastewater services have to cope with different framework conditions as regards planning, construction, financing and operation. This leads quite often to different modes of management. In recent years there has been a push for privatisation on the water sector in general, the reasons for which are manifold, ranging from access to external know-how and capital to synergistic effects through integration of wastewater treatment into other tasks of similar or equal nature.
Discussed are various models of public/private partnership (PPP) in wastewater treatment, encompassing for example the delegation of partial tasks or even the proportional or entire transfer of ownership of treatment facilities to private third parties. Decisive for high performance and efficiency is not the legal or organisational form, but rather the clear and unmistakable definition of tasks which are to be assigned to the different parties, customers and all other partners involved, as well as of clear-cut interfaces. On account of the (of course legitimate) profit-oriented perspective of the private sector, some decisionmaking processes in relation to project implementation (design and construction) and to operational aspects will differ from those typically found on the public sector. This does apply to decisions on investments, financing and on technical solutions too. On the other hand, core competencies in wastewater treatment should not be outsourced, but remain the public bodies’ responsibility, even with ‘far-reaching’ privatisation models. Such core competencies are all efforts geared to sustainable wastewater treatment as lifesupporting provision for the future or as contribution to the protection of health and the environment and to the development of infrastructure. Major areas of wastewater treatment and other related tasks are reviewed. The paper concludes with a list of questions on the issue of outsourcing.
Parameter investigation for decentralised dewatering and solar thermic drying of sludge
Authors: Wett B. , Demattio M. , Becker W. 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this paper is an experimental and model assisted investigation of the capabilities of a dewatering system for sewage sludge for decentralised sites. Laboratory and field tests are performed with different initial conditions and the influences of filter medium, initial height, initial total suspended solids, temperature and relative humidity are discussed. The experimental work shows the feasibility of geotextile media for dewatering high water content sewage sludge and that the textile structure is of secondary importance. The specific filter resistance of the sludge cake is found to be the most significant factor in dewatering applications.
The mathematical description of the dewatering process is based on the superposition of two models, the Conventional Filtration Theory for the filtration phase and the BT-model for the drying phase. Feasibility and limits of the theoretical approach are evaluated by means of a comparison between measurements and simulated data of cyclic reloading tests. It is found that a better filtration efficiency is achieved at higher TSS and at lower initial height of the slurry layer. Due to the viscosity decrease, a higher temperature enhances not only evaporation, but also filtration rate.
An integrated electro-chemical and natural treatment system for industrial water pollution control
Authors: Polprasert C. , Sharma K. , Koottatep T. 
Published: May 2018

Experiments were conducted to test the feasibility of applying an integrated electro-chemical (EC) and natural treatment system for treatment of some industrial wastewaters. The EC process was found to be very effective in removing lead, a model heavy metal from some wastewaters. Within 20 minutes of operation time, 5 to 10 A of electric current and specific surface area of electrode of 46.51m2/m3, the lead concentrations in the wastewaters were reduced from 35–100mg/l to less than 1mg/l. Based on a kinetic model developed from the experimental data, the important parameters for the EC process were found to be electric current, specific surface area of electrode, and operation time. From scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis, the EC sludge samples were found to compose mainly of maghemite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and laurionite (PbClOH), suitable for disposal to secure landfills.
Two pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CW) in series, a model natural treatment system, were employed to treat wastewaters of an industrial estate in Thailand. At organic loading rates of 57–140kg BOD/hectare-year, these constructed wetlands were able to reduce BOD from 90 to 4mg/l, while suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were reduced from 100 to 10mg/l, 24 to 4.6mg/l and 7 to 1.5mg/l, respectively, during the summer season. These results demonstrated technical feasibility of CW in removing organic and other pollutants contained in this industrial wastewater.
An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides
Authors: Vieira Tatiane F. , Corrêa Rúbia C. G. , Peralta Rosely A. , Peralta-Muniz-Moreira Regina F. , Bracht Adelar , Peralta Rosane M. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known
for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis
of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides
is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution
on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides.

Methods:
The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible,
attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken.

Results:
The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides
and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of
oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors
influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages
of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic
acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides
has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially
useful molecules.

Conclusion:
A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of
a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides
can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.
Morfosyntaksijärjestelmä ja sen funktiot hantinkielisissä kertovissa diskursseissa informaatiokuljetuksen näkökulmasta
Authors: Sosa Sachiko 
Published: May 2018

Sachiko Sosan suomalais-ugrilaisen kielentutkimuksen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa keskiviikkona 31. toukokuuta 2017. Vastaväittäjänä toimi filosofian tohtori Márta Csepregi Loránd Eötvösin yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori (ma.) Rigina Ajanki.
Sachiko Sosa: Function of morphosyntactic alternations, and information flow in Surgut Khanty discourse. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto
Väitöskirja on luettavissa osoitteessa: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/183285
Yhdyssanat ja yhdyssanamaiset rakenteet Mikael Agricolan teoksissa
Authors: Toropainen Tanja 
Published: May 2018

Tanja Toropaisen suomen kielen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Turun yliopiston humanistisessa tiedekunnassa perjantaina 25. elokuuta 2017. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti Kaarina Pitkänen-Heikkilä Helsingin yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori emerita Kaisa Häkkinen.

Tanja Toropainen: Yhdyssanat ja yhdyssanamaiset rakenteet Mikael Agricolan teoksissa. Annales Universitatis Turkuensis C 439. Turku: Turun yliopisto 2017. Artikkeliväitöskirjan yhteenveto-osa on luettavissa osoitteessa http://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/143331
Los obstáculos epistemológicos en el desarrollo histórico de las ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias
Authors: Recalde Luis Cornelio , Henao Sara Marcela 
Published: May 2018

Los obstáculos epistemológicos en el desarrollo histórico de las ecuaciones diferenciales ordinariasResumenEl objetivo de este artículo es presentar algunas reflexiones, históricas y epistemológicas, que emergen como resultado de una investigación desarrollada en torno a la constitución histórica de las ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Se tomaron como unidades de análisis, resultados publicados en el volumen 22 de Opera Omnia y en Acta Eruditorum, entre finales del siglo XVII y mediados del siglo XVIII. Se muestra que las ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias surgen como producto de dos eventos; el primero vinculado con algunos problemas de la física que se modelaron mediante ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias, y el segundo relacionado con los diversos métodos analíticos provenientes del cálculo. El análisis histórico realizado, permitió identificar algunos obstáculos epistemológicos, los cuales se tomaron como referencia para concluir con una reflexión didáctica.
On the Lack of Beneficial Role of Rh Towards C-C Bond Cleavage During Low Temperature Ethanol Electrooxidation on Pt-Rh Nanoalloys
Authors: Piwowar Justyna , Lewera Adam 
Published: May 2018

Numerous reports in scientific literature claim the increased activity of Rh-containing systems towards C-C bond scission in electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol at ambient temperatures. Due to the claimed C-C bond breaking ability, Rh-containing systems are intensively investigated and widely recognized as the most promising candidates as anode materials for ethanol-feed low temperature fuel cells. This study aims at verifying the claim of beneficial role of Rh towards C-C bond scission during low temperature ethanol electrooxidation on Pt-Rh nanoparticles. We determined that the surface-normalized amounts of CO2 produced during ethanol oxidation are comparable on Pt, Rh and Pt-Rh nanoalloys, and smaller than CO2 amounts obtained on exactly the same electrode from oxidation of monolayer of adsorbed CO. The whole amount of CO2 detected during ethanol oxidation, regardless of Rh presence, or lack of thereof, seems to come exclusively from oxidation of submonolayer of COads produced during dissociative adsorption of ethanol at low electrode potential, and its subsequent oxidation at sufficiently high electrode potential. Our work suggest that Rh-containing alloys are not more active towards C-C bond scission than pure Pt, and on both metals the mechanism of oxidation of ethanol to CO2 proceeds via the submonolayer of COads, which limits the quantity of CO2 produced from ethanol at room temperature to negligible amount. The higher activity of Rh-containing materials towards C-C bond scission claimed in literature was determined to be due to overinterpretation of selectivity data.To characterized the samples we used techniques like XPS, TEM, and cyclic voltammetry. For drove a conclusions we compere amount of CO2 detected in DEMS during ethanol oxidation reaction and so called CO stripping experiment.
Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás (154 Anos): história, memória e representações
Authors: Cunha Enio Cesar , Cunha Atelina Silva 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a evolução da Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás enfatizando a história, a memória e as representações sociais. Dentro dessa perspectiva, busca-se destacar a origem da Polícia Militar no Estado de Goiás, que se deu por volta do ano de 1858, e o modelo tradicional e atual de polícia que atua no Estado. Ao longo do tempo a polícia teve suas ações centradas somente nas obrigações negativas: prender, vistoriar, revistar etc. Em contrapartida a esta polícia tradicional, o Policiamento Comunitário é uma filosofia e uma estratégia organizacional que proporciona uma nova parceria entre a população e a polícia. Uma comunidade ativa, trabalhando em conjunto com a polícia, conjuga forças para se contrapor Ã violência e Ã criminalidade. A implantação da Polí- cia Comunitária neste Estado se deu em 2003, sendo um projeto pioneiro implantado em Goiânia.
Body condition and spring migration in female high‐arctic barnacle geeseBranta leucopsis
Authors: Tombre Ingunn M. , Erikstad Kjell E. , Gabrielsen Geir W. , Strann Karl‐Birger , Black Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2018

Female barnacle geeseBranta leucopsiswere studied on their spring staging area on the coast of mid‐Norway and 1,500 km further to the north on their breeding areas in the Arctic archipelago, Svalbard. The number of days between departure from their spring staging area and arrival on their breeding area ranged between 10 and 33 days. There was no significant relationship between the date of departure and the date of arrival for individual females (N = 51), indicating that early‐leaving females were not necessarily the first to arrive at the breeding grounds. Late‐arriving females were in better body condition upon arrival than early‐arriving females (N = 25). These data imply that the barnacle geese breeding in Svalbard do not migrate directly from their traditional spring staging areas to their breeding areas, but spend a considerable amount of time, not only resting, but also feeding during their migration northwards. This result has important implications for the management of the barnacle goose population on Svalbard since areas other than their traditional spring staging grounds apparently determine the date of arrival at the breeding grounds, body reserves at arrival and subsequent reproduction.
Tolerance to humans of resting lynxes Lynx lynx in a hunted population
Authors: Sunde Peter , Stener Snorre Ø. , Kvam Tor 
Published: May 2018

The tolerance of lynxes Lynx lynx to human presence and disturbance in a hunted population in Norway was studied using telemetry. Forest land within 200 metres from the nearest road or house was avoided by lynxes when resting (P < 0.01). The tolerance distance of resting lynxes towards intruding people was short (median 50 m), though strongly correlated with the horizontal vegetation cover (partial correlation, P < 0.02) and forest maturation stage (partial correlation, P < 0.02), but not with terrain inclination (partial correlation, P > 0.3). The lynxes did not enter steeper country (P > 0.4) or alter their daily walking distance (P > 0.7) after being disturbed. The data indicate that lynxes, even when suffering extensive, man‐induced mortality, may tolerate high human activity within their range as long as sufficient stands of undisturbed, mature forest with dense horizontal cover are present.
The Jews in Finland and World War II
Authors: Harviainen Tapani 
Published: May 2018

In the years 1989–1944 two different wars against the Soviet Union were imposed upon Finland. During the Winter War of 1989–1940 Germany remained strictly neutral on the basis of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact&&Great Britain and France planned intervention in favour of Finland. When the second, so-called Continuation War broke out in the summer of 1041, Finland was co-belligerent of Germany, and Great Britain declared war on Finland in December 1941. De jure, however, Finland was never an ally of Germany, and at the end of the war, in the winter 1944–1945, the Finnish armed forces expelled the German troops from Lapland, which was devastated by the Germans during their retreat to Norway. Military service was compulsory for each male citizen of Finland. In 1939 the Jewish population of Finland numbered 1 700. Of these, 260 men were called up and approximately 200 were sent to serve at the front during the Winter War.
Оводненность и температура фазового перехода вода-лед в почках древесных растений
Authors: Малышев Р. В. , Атоян М. С. 
Published: May 2018

В осенне-зимне-весенний период исследовали сезонное изменение температуры замерзания воды, общую оводненность и долю связанной воды в почках древесных Betula pendula, Populus nigra, Syringa vulgaris и Vaccinium myrtillus. Установлено, что в течение года флуктуация температуры замерзания воды в почках изученных видов растений не превышает 3.5 ºС, границы фазового переход вода-лед зафиксированы в диапазоне от –8 до –12 оС. С наступлением осенне-зимнего периода оводненность почек снижалась, а доля связанной воды возрастала, что способствовало увеличению криорезистентности.
Просторово-часова динаміка урожайності зернових та зернобобових культур у Полтавській області
Authors: Жуков О. В. , Пономаренко С. В. 
Published: May 2018

У роботі розроблено методичні підходи для виокремлення характеру дії на урожайність на регіональному масштабі факторів агроекологічної, агротехнологічної та агроекономічної природи. Показано, що урожайність культур зернових та зернобобових у сільськогосподар­ських підприємствах Полтавської області по районах у середньому за 1995–2016 рр. варіювала в межах від 29,79±2,79 ц/га (Кобеляцький район) до 41,10±3,36 ц/га (Шишацький район). Найменший рівень варіювання показників врожайності культур зернових та зернобобових за період дослідження був характерний для Оржицького району (коефіцієнт варіації (CV) 27,95 %), а найбільший – для Чорнуханського (CV = 62,02 %). Просторова компонента варіювання середнього рівня врожайності зернових та зернобобових культур незначна. Встановлено суттєвий внесок факторів просторової природи у варіювання мінливості врожайності сільськогосподарських культур. Встановлено чіткий тренд збільшення врожайності зернових та зернобобових за період дослідження, який може бути описаний лінійною залежністю. Коефіцієнти лінійної моделі змістовно інтер­претовані як швидкість зростання урожайності з часом та потенціал урожайності у початковий період дослідження.
The methodical approaches for determining the nature of the effect on the yield on the regional scale of factors of agroeconomic, agrotechnological and agroeconomic nature are elaborated in the work. It was shown that the yield of crops of cereals and legumes in agricultural enterprises of Poltava region by districts averaged over 1995–2016 ranged from 29.79±2.79 c/ha (Kobeliaky district) to 41.10±3.36 c/ha (Shyshaky district). The lowest level of variation of grain yield and leguminous crop yields during the study period was characteristic for Orzhytsia region (coefficient of variation 27,95 %), and the largest one for Chornukhy (CV = 62,02 %). The spatial component of variation in the average yield of grain and leguminous crops is insignificant. Significant contribution of factors of spatial nature in the variation of variability of crop yields is established. A clear trend has been established for increasing the yield of cereals and legumes during the study period, which can be described by linear dependence. The linear model coefficients are meaningfully interpreted as the rate of productivity growth over time and the productivity potential in the initial period of the study.
ВПЛИВ СПОСОБІВ ОСНОВНОГО ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ ТА СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ НА ЗАБУР’ЯНЕНІСТЬ ПОСІВІВ ПОЛЬОВИХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Ткачук В. П. , Саюк О. А. , Плотницька Н. М. , Гурманчук О. В. , Павлюк І. О. 
Published: May 2018

Наведено дані щодо впливу способів основного обробітку ґрунту та систем удобрення на забур’яненість посівів польових культур. Встановлено, що систематичне проведення впродовж чотирьох ротацій дев’ятипільної сівозміни дискового та плоскорізного обробітків призводить до збільшення потенційної забур’яненості ґрунту на 22–50 %, порівняно зі щорічною оранкою. Використання органо-мінеральної та органічної систем удобрення призводить до збільшення чисельності бур’янів у шарі 0–20 см у 1,2–1,5 рази, порівняно з неудобреним фоном. Фактична забур’яненість агроценозу пшениці озимої на початку вегетації культури при проведенні оранки та дискування за різних систем удобрення становить відповідно 9–18 та 23–42 шт./м2, тоді як у посівах ярих культур (люпин, льон олійний, кукурудза, картопля) ці показники коливаються в межах 8–92 та 26–708 шт./м2.
The data on influence of the methods of the basic tillage of the soil and fertilizer systems on the anthropogenic activity of field crops are given. It has been established that the systematic conduct, during four rotations of nine-way crop rotation, of disk and planar varieties, results in an increase in the potential forbearance of the soil by 22–50 %, compared to annual plowing. The use of organo-mineral and organic fertilizer systems leads to an increase in the number of weeds in a layer of 0–20 cm in 1.2–1.5 times, compared with the unhealthy background. The actual aging of winter wheat agrocenosis at the beginning of the growing season in the course of plowing and discarding under different fertilizer systems is respectively 9–18 and 23–42 pcs./m2, whereas in spring crops (lupine, linseed, corn, potatoes) these indicators range from 8–92 and 26–708 pcs./m2.