bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social exclusion and technology
Authors: Calvo-Salvador Adelina , Rojas-Pernia Susana 
Published: March 2019

This paper describes the experience of an innovative educational project in new technologies, developed in Cantabria (Spain) from 2004 to 2006. The author stress the plurality of the groups with which they have worked (considered in risk of socio-digital exclusion), as well as the carrying out of the project in their leisure and free time. The analysis of this initiative tries to be an incentive to open a general reflection on education «in» and «with» information technologies which gives them back their character as a cultural appliance and their role in the complex dynamics of power and knowledge.
Se describe la experiencia de un proyecto de innovación educativa en nuevas tecnologías, desarrollado en Cantabria (España) durante el bienio 2004/06, en el que destaca la pluralidad de colectivos con los que se han trabajado –considerados en riesgo de exclusión sociodigital–, así como el desarrollo de la propuesta en el marco del ocio y del tiempo libre. El análisis de esta iniciativa trata de ser un acicate para abrir una reflexión más general sobre la educación «en» y «con» las tecnologías de la información que devuelva a las mismas su carácter de artefacto cultural y su papel en complejas dinámicas de poder y de conocimiento.
Newspapers as a didactic resource for the environmental education
Authors: Álvarez-Suárez Pedro 
Published: March 2019

In spite of the repeated recommendations of the UNESCO to integrate the use of mass media in the education, the most teachers ignore their great possibilities as a didactic resource. In this work we present a new didactic strategy, alternative to the traditional methodology, which shows in practice the use of newspapers as a didactic resource in the training of environmental education teachers. We also analyze the changes in the conceptual knowledge and environmental attitudes that this methodology brings to the students.A pesar de las repetidas recomendaciones de la UNESCO para integrar los medios en la educación, la gran mayoría del profesorado continua ignorando las grandes posibilidades que éstos ofrecen como recurso didáctico. En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia didáctica alternativa a la metodología tradicional (transmisiva-expositiva) que, salvando la distancia entre la teoría y la práctica, muestra el uso de la prensa como recurso didáctico en la formación de profesorado de educación ambiental. Se analizan, también, los cambios que esta metodología produce en los conocimientos conceptuales y actitudes ambientales de los sujetos que la siguen.
Effect of Gender and Procedure on Patient-Reported Dry Eye Symptoms After Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Schallhorn Julie M. , Pelouskova Martina , Oldenburg Catherine , Teenan David , Hannan Stephen J. , Schallhorn Steven C. 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate factors associated with the change in dry eye symptoms following laser vision correction.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective case series of 13,319 patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) between January 2013 and February 2016 and completed a preoperative and 3-month postoperative patient-reported outcome questionnaire.

RESULTS:

In a multivariate linear regression model, women and contact lens wearers were associated with worse preoperative dry eye symptoms. Age was not significantly associated with preoperative dry eye symptoms. The change in dry eye symptoms preoperatively to postoperatively was affected by gender, procedure type, and preoperative dry eye symptoms. Patients who underwent PRK were more likely to report an increase in dry eye after 3 months (coefficient: 3.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64 to 4.82,
P
< .001) and patients with worse preoperative dry eye were more likely to have improvement in symptoms after surgery (coefficient: −0.93, 95% CI: −0.97 to −0.90,
P
< .001). More women reported an increased level of symptoms 3 months after surgery than men (coefficient: 1.76, 95% CI: 0.68 to 2.84,
P
= .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative dry eye symptoms, female gender, and procedure type had a significant effect on preoperative to postoperative change in dry eye symptoms after laser vision correction. Age was not associated with dry eye symptoms in this population.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(3):161–168.]
Five-Year Follow-up of Correction of Myopia: Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens With a Central Port Design
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Alfonso-Bartolozzi Belén , Montés-Micó Robert , Fernández-Vega Luis 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
To assess the long-term correction of moderate to high myopia using a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with a central port design.

METHODS:
Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD), vault, and adverse events over a 5-year period were evaluated retrospectively.

RESULTS:

A total of 147 eyes (83 patients) were evaluated. Mean postoperative UDVA and CDVA were 0.05 ± 0.11 and 0.02 ± 0.08 logMAR at 1 year and 0.13 ± 0.18 and 0.02 ± 0.09 logMAR at 5 years, respectively. More than 95% of eyes achieved CDVA of 20/25 or better at both follow-up periods. CDVA was unchanged or improved from one to three or more lines in all eyes. Preoperatively, mean spherical equivalent (SE) was −9.20 ± 3.02 diopters (D). At 1 year, the mean SE was −0.17 ± 0.26 D, with 91.53% of eyes within ±0.50 D and 100% of eyes within ±1.00 D of the target. At 5 years, the mean SE was −0.44 ± 0.47 D, with 67.4% of eyes within ±0.50 D and 90.1% of eyes within ±1.00 D of the target. Mean IOP was 12.74 ± 1.65 and 13.0 ± 2.03 mm Hg, at 1 and 5 years, respectively. No significant rise in IOP (> 20 mm Hg) occurred during the follow-up period. Mean ECD was 2,696 ± 358 and 2,645 ± 359 cells/mm
2
at 1 and 5 years, respectively, representing a non-significant loss of 0.43% from preoperative values (
P
= .304). Mean vault changed significantly from 398 ± 187 µm at 1 year to 340 ± 163 µm at 5 years (
P
< .001). No intraoperative or postoperative complications or adverse events occurred during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS:
The good long-term outcomes found in this study support the use of this lens with a central port design for the correction of moderate to high myopia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(3):169–176.]
Postoperative Corneal Complications in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction: Long-Term Study
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Jiaonan , Zhang Lin , Zou Haohan , Li Jinxiao , Zhang Yue , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
To investigate the incidence and clinical results of corneal complications after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study including 3,223 patients (6,373 eyes) who were treated for myopia or myopic astigmatism was conducted. Postoperative corneal complications were recorded. Postoperative follow-up visits were scheduled on days 1 and 7 and months 1, 3, 6, and 12.

RESULTS:

Of the 6,373 cases, 432 eyes (6.8%) developed at least one corneal complication postoperatively. These included punctate epithelial erosions (3.26%), diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) (2.17%), corneal infiltrates (0.39%), interface debris/secretion (0.30%), interface haze (0.17%), interface foreign body (0.24%), corneal striae (0.14%), corneal edema (0.09%), and epithelial ingrowth (0.02%). Of cases with corneal complications, 308 (71.3%) had an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of better than 20/25 and 49 (11.3%) eyes lost two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) on the first day after surgery. By 3 months, only 2 eyes (0.9%) had lost two or more lines of CDVA. At 6 months, 1 eye (1.0%) did not achieve a UDVA of 20/25 as a result of stage 3 DLK, but achieved 20/20 by 1 year. The postoperative spherical equivalent in cases without complications was lower than that in cases with complications at 1 day and 1 and 3 months (
P
= .001, .011, and .001, respectively), but there was no statistical difference at 6 and 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large cohort study, a variety of corneal complications were noted after SMILE. Although some of these complications may temporarily affect visual recovery, most resolve with appropriate treatment.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(3):146–152.]
Assessment of the Association Between In Vivo Corneal Biomechanical Changes After Corneal Cross-linking and Depth of Demarcation Line
Authors: Vinciguerra Riccardo , Tzamalis Argyrios , Romano Vito , Arbabi Esmaeil M. , Batterbury Mark , Kaye Stephen B. 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
To test for an association between stiffening following corneal cross-linking (CXL) and demarcation line depth.

METHODS:
Sixty-six eyes of 66 patients treated with CXL for progressive keratoconus were included. Dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs) were measured with the Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH; Wetzlar, Germany) on the day of CXL and after 1 month. Demarcation line was measured 4 weeks after CXL. A multivariate general linear model was used to test for an association between the change in DCRs and the ratio between demarcation line depth and the postoperative pachymetry.

RESULTS:

The authors found no significant associations between the change in inverse concave integrated radius (1/R) and the demarcation line ratio (
P
= .46), age (
P
= .33), sex (
P
= .11), preoperative maximum keratometry (
P
= .10), and laterality (
P
= .82). Similarly, there was no significant correlation between the change in 1/R and the demarcation line ratio (
R
2
= .002 and
P
= .75). However, there was a significant association between the preoperative values of 1/R and the respective change in 1/R (
P
< .0001). The change in 1/R was inversely proportional to the patient's preoperative 1/R; stiffer corneas (lower values of 1/R) were less affected than less stiff corneas (
R
2
= .23,
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
CXL is associated with changes in DCRs, suggesting a change in corneal biomechanics following CXL. These changes do not appear to be associated with the demarcation line depth.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(3):202–206.]
Determining the Potential Role of Crystalline Lens Rise in Vaulting in Posterior Chamber Phakic Collamer Lens Surgery for Correction of Myopia
Authors: Gonzalez-Lopez Felix , Bilbao-Calabuig Rafael , Mompean Blas , Luezas Jorge , Ortega-Usobiaga Julio , Druchkiv Vasyl 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
To assess the effect of crystalline lens rise (CLR) on postoperative vault in eyes implanted with a phakic Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical Company, Monrovia, CA) with a central port for myopic correction.

METHODS:
Non-invasive Fourier-domain swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used for dynamic assessment of the study eyes under changing light conditions. Phakic intraocular lens (IOL) vault, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and CLR were recorded after surgery, and intra-eye differences were analyzed under scotopic and photopic ambient light conditions. Inter-group analysis and regression analysis were performed to investigate any potential correlation between these biometric variables.

RESULTS:

This retrospective observational study comprised 111 eyes (65 patients) implanted with a myopic Visian ICL. The mean change in CLR from mydriasis to miosis was 59 ± 60 µm (
P
< .001). The sample was further divided into four groups according to the CLR value in miosis: CLR < 0, 0 to 200, 201 to 350, and > 350 µm. A significant difference in central vault values was observed between the < 0 and > 350 µm groups, the 0 to 200 and 201 to 350 µm groups, and the 0 to 200 and > 350 µm groups (
P
< .05). Eyes with a high vault value (> 750 µm in mydriasis) had lower CLR values (
P
< .001) and higher ACD values (
P
< .001) than eyes with a low vault value (< 100 µm in miosis). The linear correlation observed was negative between CLR and ACD, positive between postoperative vault and ACD, and negative between postoperative vault and CLR (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
CLR significantly affected anterior chamber depth and postoperative ICL vault.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(3):177–183.]
Adjustment of Spherical Equivalent Correction According to Cap Thickness for Myopic Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Lee Hun , Kang David Sung Yong , Reinstein Dan Z. , Roberts Cynthia J. , Ambrósio Renato , Archer Timothy J. , Jean Seung Ki , Kim Eung Kweon , Seo Kyoung Yul , Jun Ikhyun , Kim Tae-im 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the amount of spherical equivalent correction for three different cap thicknesses (120, 130, and 140 µm) during myopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and determine the association between the amount of spherical equivalent correction and several variables in each cap thickness group.

METHODS:
In this retrospective, comparative, observational case series study, the authors compared refractive errors, keratometric values, laser setting (sphere correction, cylinder correction, spherical equivalent correction, optical zone, and cap diameter), and spherical aberration measured preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively between three different cap thickness groups: 120 µm (n = 554), 130 µm (n = 377), and 140 µm (n = 90). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations between the amount of spherical equivalent correction and several variables, including age, preoperative spherical equivalent, optical zone diameter, central corneal thickness, preoperative mean keratometric values, and preoperative corneal asphericity.

RESULTS:

According to cap thickness, attempted correction is adjusted to achieve the same refractive outcomes for different cap thicknesses. There were significant differences in the amount of sphere correction and spherical equivalent correction, as well as lenticule thickness, among subgroups. Changes in keratometric values, corneal asphericity, and spherical aberration were also significantly different among subgroups (all
P
< .001). Changes in keratometric values, corneal asphericity, and spherical aberration significantly increased as cap thickness increased. Preoperative spherical equivalent mainly influenced the amount of spherical equivalent correction in each group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dioptric adjustment of spherical equivalent correction according to cap thickness is essential to obtain similar refractive outcomes in myopic SMILE procedures.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(3):153–160.]
A utilização da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica no processo de cicatrização por mordedura em cão.
Authors: Mazzi Marcelo Fialho 
Published: March 2019

A Medicina Veterinária a cada dia tem buscado diversas formas de tratamento que acelere o processo de cicatrização de lesões em pequenos animais, reduzindo o tempo de tratamento, a exposição excessiva a medicamentos bem como o sofrimento de pacientes e tutores. A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica veterinária ainda é desconhecida da maioria dos médicos veterinários no Brasil; é uma terapia auxiliar onde os pacientes são mantidos no interior de uma câmara hermeticamente fechada, com suprimento controlado de oxigênio a 100%, e submetidos a níveis de pressão, acima da pressão atmosférica, por períodos e profundidade previamente estabelecidos, geralmente sem a necessidade de sedação dos pacientes. A câmara hiperbárica exerce a possibilidade de acelerar o processo cicatricial de feridas.O presente trabalho relata o caso de uma canina fêmea, raça malinois de 4 anos com edema e ferida infectada no membro anterior por mordedura, tratada com oxigenoterapia hiperbárica.
Collective Cu-Cu Thermocompression Bonding Using Pillars
Authors: Carroll Robert , La Tulipe Douglas , Coolbaugh Douglas , Geer Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe demand for high-performance, high-functionality packages for integrated circuits continues to grow. Three-dimensional (3D) integration is strongly being pursued to meet this demand and has started to reach maturity and industrial adoption. As advanced 3D system designs progress, requiring higher 3D interconnect density with pitches of 10 μm and lower, traditional chip attachment through solder bump technology will likely face complex manufacturing and reliability challenges. Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding has been proposed as a key 3D-enabling technology and alternative to solder. One of the main issues challenging its commercialization in high-volume manufacturing is the sensitivity of Cu-Cu bond quality to prebond surface conditions. This is especially true for die bonding applications which have limited rework options once chips have been singulated. This article outlines further development and demonstration of a tack and collective bonding scheme for Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding. This approach mitigates many of the thermal and throughput issues of a chip-level Cu-Cu attachment process by performing the quick chip alignment at a low temperature and then subsequently completing all Cu bonding simultaneously. The specific use of an intermediate handle wafer between the tack and collective bonding steps allows chips to be reconstructed into a wafer form that facilitates the cleaning and surface preparation of the chips before bonding using standard wafer processing equipment. A chip-to-wafer test structure designed for Cu pillar-to-pad bonding was used as part of this demonstration and illustrates the feasibility of the application. Full transfer of chips to a receiving device wafer using the tack and collective bonding process is shown with electrical test results and selected bond-integrity metrology confirming substantial bond yield and strength.
The democracy and economic growth nexus: do FDI and government spending matter? Evidence from the Arab world
Authors: Bougharriou Nouha , Benayed Walid , Gabsi Foued Badr 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to examine the direct and indirect links between democracy and economic growth. To do so, the authors estimate a dynamic panel simultaneous equations model on a sample of 16 Arab countries during the period 2002–2013. This study focuses on two particular channels through which democracy affects growth, namely FDI inflows and public consumption expenditure. The results show that there is no clear relationship between democracy and economic growth in the Arab countries, which confirms the skeptical approach. The ambiguity of this relationship can be explained by the fact that democracy promotes growth indirectly by stimulating FDI inflows and hinders growth by generating higher public consumption expenditure.
Gains from multinational competition for cross-border firm acquisition
Authors: Koska Onur A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study shows that when there is multinational competition for foreign acquisition, the strategic use of a consumer welfare argument in regulating foreign market entry leads to a preemptive foreign acquisition. Even under fierce competition, foreign acquisition will emerge as part of a non-cooperative equilibrium (although multinationals would have gained more had they been able to credibly commit to a cooperative equilibrium of independent foreign sales, either via greenfield investment or trade under complete liberalization) which increases local welfare by more than both the case without foreign market entry and the case with foreign market entry via independent foreign sales.
The special issue on FDI and multinational corporations: an introduction
Authors: Harms Philipp , Wacker Konstantin M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper offers an introduction to the special issue on FDI and multinational corporations: http://www.economics-ejournal.org/special-areas/special-issues/fdi-and-multinational-corporations. It summarizes the contents of the five papers included, and relates them to the recent literature on the subject.
Sources and fate of nitrate in groundwater at agricultural operations overlying glacial sediments
Authors: Bourke Sarah A. , Iwanyshyn Mike , Kohn Jacqueline , Hendry M. Jim 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Leaching of nitrate (NO3-) from animal waste or fertilisers at
agricultural operations can result in NO3- contamination of
groundwater, lakes, and streams. Understanding the sources and fate of
nitrate in groundwater systems in glacial sediments, which underlie many
agricultural operations, is critical for managing impacts of human food
production on the environment. Elevated NO3- concentrations in
groundwater can be naturally attenuated through mixing or denitrification.
Here we use isotopic enrichment of the stable isotope values of
NO3- to quantify the amount of denitrification in groundwater at
two confined feeding operations overlying glacial sediments in Alberta,
Canada. Uncertainty in δ15NNO3 and
δ18ONO3 values of the NO3- source and
denitrification enrichment factors are accounted for using a Monte Carlo
approach. When denitrification could be quantified, we used these values to
constrain a mixing model based on NO3- and Cl−
concentrations. Using this novel approach we were able to reconstruct the
initial NO3−N concentration and NO3-N/Cl- ratio at the
point of entry to the groundwater system. Manure filtrate had
total nitrogen (TN) of up to 1820 mg L−1, which was predominantly
organic N and NH3. Groundwater had up to 85 mg L−1 TN, which
was predominantly NO3-. The addition of NO3- to the
local groundwater system from temporary manure piles and pens equalled or
exceeded NO3- additions from earthen manure storages at these
sites. On-farm management of manure waste should therefore increasingly focus
on limiting manure piles in direct contact with the soil and encourage
storage in lined lagoons. Nitrate attenuation at both sites is attributed to
a spatially variable combination of mixing and denitrification, but is
dominated by denitrification. Where identified, denitrification reduced
agriculturally derived NO3- concentrations by at least half and,
in some wells, completely. Infiltration to groundwater systems in glacial
sediments where NO3- can be naturally attenuated is likely
preferable to off-farm export via runoff or drainage networks, especially if
local groundwater is not used for potable water supply.
Training on Heat Detection to Increase the Success Rate of Cattle Artificial Insemination for Girinka Beneficiaries in Huye District, Rwanda
Authors: Sibo Nancy , Callender Sylvia , Logan Jenae , Henley Phaedra , Wong Rex 
Published: March 2019

Cattle farming is important for the socio-economic development of Rwanda, representing 12% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). In general, livestock production is a primary source of income. Recognizing the importance of cattle, the Government of Rwanda introduced the Girinka program in 2006 to reduce poverty and childhood malnutrition by providing poor people with dairy cows. The sustainability of the Girinka program relies on the successful breeding of cattle. Artificial Insemination (AI) is a method that can enhance cattle reproduction, but many Girinka beneficiaries did not have the requisite knowledge to maximize the success rate of AI by tracking the estrus cycle (heat detection) of their cattle.This project aimed to study the effect of training Girinka farmers on heat detection using the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) materials on cattle AI. A two-day training was provided to 74 Girinka cattle farmers. The cattle AI success rate and the farmers’ knowledge of heat detection were measured.The overall knowledge of farmers on cattle estrus cycle significantly increased from 37.16% pre-intervention to 92.34% post-intervention (P=0.008). The AI success rate significantly increased from 44% pre-intervention to 58.7% post-intervention (P<0.001).The study showed that by providing an evidence-based training to farmers on heat detection and estrus cycle in cattle could increase the success rate of AI. The same training is recommended for all Girinka beneficiaries in Rwanda. Longer term follow-up and scaling-up of the project should be considered to maximize the benefits.