bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐based flux weakening strategy for synchronous machines without additional regulators
Authors: Zanuso Giovanni , Peretti Luca , Sandulescu Paul 
Published: May 2018

This study proposes a model‐based control strategy for flux weakening operation of a synchronous reluctance machine, with a methodology that is extendible to any synchronous machine. The strategy leverages in the presence of digital non‐linear models that describe the relation between currents and flux linkages in the machine. Such models are usually needed for conventional maximum‐torque‐per‐ampere control and sensorless control, but here they are exploited to achieve flux‐weakening operation without the need of flux weakening regulators, ensuring a seamless transition between the operating regions of the machine. The external voltage regulation loop for flux weakening is thus eliminated and substituted by a combination of look‐up tables and binary searches, which are executed within one digital control period and which generate the required current and voltage references that fulfil the drive limitations. The method can also be coupled with mechanisms to compensate for magnetic parameter inaccuracies, to achieve an accurate tracking of the reference torque. The proposed solution is simulated and validated in a laboratory test bench on an 11 kW synchronous reluctance machine.
Tracing the cold and warm physico-chemical structure of deeply embedded protostars: IRAS 16293−2422 vs. VLA 1623−2417
Authors: Murillo N. M. , van Dishoeck E. F. , van der Wiel M. H. D. , Jørgensen J. K. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Calcutt H. , Harsono D. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Much attention has been placed on the dust distribution in protostellar envelopes, but there are still many unanswered questions regarding the physico-chemical structure of the gas.
Aims. Our aim is to start identifying the factors that determine the chemical structure of protostellar regions, by studying and comparing low-mass embedded systems in key molecular tracers.
Methods. The cold and warm chemical structures of two embedded Class 0 systems, IRAS 16293−2422 and VLA 1623−2417 were characterized through interferometric observations. DCO+, N2H+, and N2D+ were used to trace the spatial distribution and physics of the cold regions of the envelope, while c-C3H2 and C2H from models of the chemistry are expected to trace the warm (UV-irradiated) regions.
Results. The two sources show a number of striking similarities and differences. DCO+ consistently traces the cold material at the disk-envelope interface, where gas and dust temperatures are lowered due to disk shadowing. N2H+ and N2D+, also tracing cold gas, show low abundances toward VLA 1623−2417, but for IRAS 16293−2422, the distribution of N2D+ is consistent with the same chemical models that reproduce DCO+. The two systems show different spatial distributions c-C3H2 and C2H. For IRAS 16293−2422, c-C3H2 traces the outflow cavity wall, while C2H is found in the envelope material but not the outflow cavity wall. In contrast, toward VLA 1623−2417 both molecules trace the outflow cavity wall. Finally, hot core molecules are abundantly observed toward IRAS 16293−2422 but not toward VLA 1623−2417.
Conclusions. We identify temperature as one of the key factors in determining the chemical structure of protostars as seen in gaseous molecules. More luminous protostars, such as IRAS 16293−2422, will have chemical complexity out to larger distances than colder protostars, such as VLA 1623−2417. Additionally, disks in the embedded phase have a crucial role in controlling both the gas and dust temperature of the envelope, and consequently the chemical structure.
Sensitivity kernels for time-distance helioseismology
Authors: Fournier Damien , Hanson Chris S. , Gizon Laurent , Barucq Hélène 
Published: June 2018

Context. The interpretation of helioseismic measurements, such as wave travel-time, is based on the computation of kernels that give the sensitivity of the measurements to localized changes in the solar interior. These kernels are computed using the ray or the Born approximation. The Born approximation is preferable as it takes finite-wavelength effects into account, although it can be computationally expensive.
Aims. We propose a fast algorithm to compute travel-time sensitivity kernels under the assumption that the background solar medium is spherically symmetric.
Methods. Kernels are typically expressed as products of Green’s functions that depend upon depth, latitude, and longitude. Here, we compute the spherical harmonic decomposition of the kernels and show that the integrals in latitude and longitude can be performed analytically. In particular, the integrals of the product of three associated Legendre polynomials can be computed.
Results. The computations are fast and accurate and only require the knowledge of the Green’s function where the source is at the pole. The computation time is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to other recent computational frameworks.
Conclusions. This new method allows flexible and computationally efficient calculations of a large number of kernels, required in addressing key helioseismic problems. For example, the computation of all the kernels required for meridional flow inversion takes less than two hours on 100 cores.
SOFIA: A Novel Automated Breast Ultrasound System Used on Patients in the Prone Position: A Pilot Study on Lesion Detection in Comparison to Handheld Grayscale Ultrasound
Authors: Farrokh André , Erdönmez Harika , Schäfer Fritz , Maass Nicolai 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Introduction Most of the currently available automated breast ultrasound systems require patients to be in the supine position. Previous data, however, show a high recall rate with this method due to artifacts. The novel automated breast ultrasound scanner SOFIA scans the breast with the patient in a prone position, resulting in even compression of breast tissue. We present our initial results with this examination method.
Material and Methods 63 patients were analyzed using a handheld B-mode ultrasound. In cases of BI-RADS 1, 2 or 5, a SOFIA scan was performed. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using Cohenʼs kappa. The duration of the scan was measured for both methods.
Results No BI-RADS 5 lesion was missed with SOFIA. The SOFIA had an additional recall rate of 16.67% compared to B-mode ultrasound. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SOFIA was 100, 83.33 and 88.89%, respectively. Cohenʼs kappa showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.769) between examiner 1 (B-mode) and examiner 2 (SOFIA). The mean scan duration for the B-mode system and the SOFIA system was 24.21 minutes and 12.94 minutes, respectively. In four cases, D-cup breasts were not scanned in their entirety.
Conclusion No cancer was missed when SOFIA was used in this preselected study population. The scanning time was approximately half of that required for B-mode ultrasound. The additional unnecessary recall rate was 16.67%. Larger D cup-size breasts were difficult to position and resulted in an incomplete image in four cases.
Das PURE Desaster: Vorschnelle Schlagzeilen führen zu unnötiger Verunsicherung von Verbrauchern und Patienten
Authors: Richter Margrit , Egert Sarah , Watzl Bernhard , Lorkowski Stefan ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e. V. (DGE)
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Auswertung der Prospective Urban Rural Epidemioloy (PURE)-Studie von Dehghan et al. sowie verschiedene, in diesem Zusammenhang veröffentlichte Schlagzeilen suggerierten, dass die Ergebnisse der Studie die gängigen Ernährungsempfehlungen widerlegen und die Empfehlungen dahingehend geändert werden müssten, die Kohlenhydratzufuhr zu senken und die Fettzufuhr zu erhöhen. Durch methodische Schwächen, wie der Einschluss von Probanden mit nichtadäquater Energiezufuhr, den Vergleich mit Referenzgruppen mit unzureichender Nährstoffzufuhr, die Nichtbeachtung der Kohlenhydratqualität, der Ballaststoffzufuhr sowie der Substitution einfacher Kohlenhydrate durch Fett bzw. gesättigte Fettsäuren und die fehlende Stratifizierung der Daten nach Einkommen und Region ist die Aussagekraft der Ergebnisse stark eingeschränkt. Zudem ist die Schlussfolgerung falsch, dass die Erkenntnisse aus der PURE-Studie aktuelle Ernährungsempfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung e. V. (DGE) infrage stellen. Mit einer Ernährung, die entsprechend den Richtwerten der DGE einen moderaten Fettanteil von 30 – 35 En% und einem Kohlenhydratanteil von über 50 En% aufweist, ist in der PURE-Studie kein erhöhtes Risiko für Mortalität und Morbidität zu erkennen. Wichtiger als eine Diskussion über Nährstoffrelationen ist aus Sicht der DGE eine generell zu hohe Energiezufuhr und eine unzureichende Qualität der Ernährung, d. h. der zu geringe Verzehr von ballaststoffreichen Lebensmitteln und der zu hohe Verzehr von zugesetztem Zucker und raffinierter Stärke.
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Natural History of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Turetz Meredith , Sideris Andrew , Friedman Oren , Triphathi Nidhi , Horowitz James 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially deadly form of venous thromboembolic disease. It is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death and is associated with multiple inherited and acquired risk factors as well as advanced age. The prognosis from PE depends on the degree of obstruction and hemodynamic effects of PE and understanding the pathophysiology helps in risk-stratifying patients and determining treatment. Though the natural history of thrombus is resolution, a subset of patients have chronic residual thrombus, contributing to the post-PE syndrome.
Building a local learner corpus
Authors: Kwon Monica H. , Partridge R. Scott , Staples Shelley 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper describes the construction process involved in creating a robust local learner corpus of texts produced by international students in a first-year writing course at a large public, mid-western university in the U.S. We show how involving faculty members and graduate students of our local writing program in the process of learner corpus analysis provides them with opportunities to develop their skills and knowledge as writing instructors, course designers, and, ultimately, knowledge producers. An additional benefit of such an undertaking is that the corpus can become part of the infrastructure of a research community that allows continued contributions by others individually and collaboratively. We also illustrate the usefulness of our local learner corpus for research, teaching, mentoring, and collaboration within our writing program with examples of the research projects and teaching interventions we have developed.
邢臺話「了1」的兩個變體 (The verbal-LEvariants in Xingtai dialect)
Authors: Fan Xiaolei 
Published: June 2018

抽象河北邢臺話的動後時體詞「了1」有兩個語音形式：強變體「咾 [lau]」和弱變體「囒 [læ͊]」，二者在很大程度上是條件變體。經考察，漢語「了1」的使用受制於謂語的整體屬性（現實性狀況、話語地位）和謂語的構件屬性（賓語類型、動詞類型）兩大類語法因素，而邢臺話「了1」兩變體的分佈同樣受制於這些因素：謂語的整體屬性決定「了1」兩變體分佈的基本格局，謂語的構件屬性決定既定的「咾」或「囒」可換為另一變體的特殊情況。各項語法因素制約「了1」變體的作用強度存在一個優先等級「現實性狀況＞話語地位＞賓語類型＞動詞類型」。最重要的是，「了1」兩變體的分佈呈現出一個顯著的態勢：某語法環境中「了1」的句法自由度越高，則越排斥強變體「咾」、越接受弱變體「囒」。由此可對其他方言「了1」變體的分佈態勢提出多項理論預測，該現象也反映出北方漢語的「了1」是一個複雜的語法異質語素。本文「了1」的語法分析範式應有助於深入發掘漢語方言「了1」語素的事實，並推進對多項理論問題的認識。
Humor, irony, and the body
Authors: Gibbs Raymond W. , Samermit Patrawat , Karzmark Christopher R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Irony has traditionally been studied as a purely pragmatic phenomenon, one in which a speaker says one thing and means another,
often by commenting on the contrast between expectation and reality. However, as cognitive linguists have discerned for many other
aspects of language, much of the ways that people speak and understand one another is motivated by people’s pervasive bodily
experiences. Ironic humor provides another compelling phenomenon in which to understand the embodied foundation of both linguistic
meaning and multimodal expression, particularly in terms of rough-and-tumble play. Many forms of humor arise from different benign
violations of the body in play fighting. We describe cognitive linguistic and psychological evidence on the importance of bodily
experience, and benign violations of the body, in linguistic expressions referring to teasing and humor. Variations of
rough-and-tumble play help explain some of the instabilities in the ways ironic humor unfolds in interpersonal interactions.
Mental models, humorous texts and humour evaluation
Authors: Jongste Henri de 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates how a mental-model theory of communication can explain differences in humorous texts and how aesthetic criteria to evaluate humour are dependent on the way mental models are exploited. Humour is defined as the deliberate manipulation by speakers of their private mental models of situations in order to create public mental models which contain one or more incongruities. Recipients can re-construct this manipulation process and thereby evaluate its nature and its quality. Humorous texts can be distinguished in terms of ownership of the manipulated mental model, the relationship between the speakers’ private and their public (humorous) mental model, as well as the speed required in the humorous mental model construction. Possible aesthetic criteria are the quality of the mental model manipulation, the pressure under which the humorously manipulated mental models have been constructed and the quality of the presentation of humorous mental models.
Emotions in motion
Authors: Oster Ulrike 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper outlines some of the challenges and possibilities of a corpus-based approach to the diachronic description of the semantics of emotion words. It analyses three German anger words (Wut,ZornandÄrger) in two corpora: DTA (Deutsches Textarchiv, covering the period 1600–1899) and DWDS (Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache, which covers twentieth-century German). The study is based on two complementary approaches: a semantic and pragmatic analysis of co-occurrences (Oster, 2012); and the use of semantic foci (Ogarkova & Soriano, 2014). This allows for a detailed description of the semantic evolution of the three anger words for four aspects of emotion – Control, Lack of Control, Visibility and Internalization – while exploring the advantages of a combined quantitative and qualitative corpus analysis.
Evaluation of serum extracellular vesicle isolation methods for profiling miRNAs by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Buschmann Dominik , Kirchner Benedikt , Hermann Stefanie , Märte Melanie , Wurmser Christine , Brandes Florian , Kotschote Stefan , Bonin Michael , Steinlein Ortrud K. , Pfaffl Michael W. , Schelling Gustav , Reithmair Marlene 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are intercellular communicators with key functions in physiological and pathological processes and have recently garnered interest because of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. The past decade has brought about the development and commercialization of a wide array of methods to isolate EVs from serum. Which subpopulations of EVs are captured strongly depends on the isolation method, which in turn determines how suitable resulting samples are for various downstream applications. To help clinicians and scientists choose the most appropriate approach for their experiments, isolation methods need to be comparatively characterized. Few attempts have been made to comprehensively analyse vesicular microRNAs (miRNAs) in patient biofluids for biomarker studies. To address this discrepancy, we set out to benchmark the performance of several isolation principles for serum EVs in healthy individuals and critically ill patients. Here, we compared five different methods of EV isolation in combination with two RNA extraction methods regarding their suitability for biomarker discovery‐focused miRNA sequencing as well as biological characteristics of captured vesicles. Our findings reveal striking method‐specific differences in both the properties of isolated vesicles and the ability of associated miRNAs to serve in biomarker research. While isolation by precipitation and membrane affinity was highly suitable for miRNA‐based biomarker discovery, methods based on size‐exclusion chromatography failed to separate patients from healthy volunteers. Isolated vesicles differed in size, quantity, purity and composition, indicating that each method captured distinctive populations of EVs as well as additional contaminants. Even though the focus of this work was on transcriptomic profiling of EV‐miRNAs, our insights also apply to additional areas of research. We provide guidance for navigating the multitude of EV isolation methods available today and help researchers and clinicians make an informed choice about which strategy to use for experiments involving critically ill patients.
The Amsterdam ReBus progressor cohort: identification of 165 Barrett's surveillance patients who progressed to early neoplasia and 723 nonprogressor patients
Authors: Duits L C , Klaver E , Bureo Gonzalez A , Boerwinkel D F , ten Kate F J W , Offerhaus G J A , Meijer S L , Visser M , Seldenrijk C A , Krishnadath K K , Schoon E J , Weusten Bas L A M , Mallant-Hent Rosalie C , Pouw Roos E , Bergman Jacques J G H M 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYPatient selection is suboptimal in most studies focused on identifying biological markers for neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus (BE). This study aims to describe a stringently selected community-based case-control cohort of non-dysplastic BE (NDBE) patients who progressed to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and BE patients who never progressed to be used for future biomarker studies. We identified all patients referred for endoscopic work-up of BE neoplasia at three tertiary referral centers for treatment of BE neoplasia between 2000 and 2013. We performed a detailed registration of any endoscopic surveillance history before neoplastic progression. Controls were selected from a retrospective BE surveillance registration in 10 community hospitals. A total of 887 patients were referred for endoscopic work-up of BE neoplasia. Based on predefined selection criteria, we identified 165 progressor patients (82% men; mean age 55 years ± 10.4) with a baseline endoscopy demonstrating NDBE > 2 years before neoplastic progression. Using the same predefined selection criteria, 723 nonprogressor patients (67% men; mean age 57 years ± 11.3) with >2 years of endoscopic surveillance were identified. Median length of the BE segment was 5 cm (IQR 4–7) in progressors and 4 cm (IQR 2–6) in controls. Median duration of surveillance was 89 months (IQR 54–139) in progressors and 76 months (IQR 47–116) in nonprogressors. Paraffin embedded biopsies are available for biomarker research in all patients. Ethical approval was obtained and material transfer agreements were signed with all 58 contributing pathology labs. This is the largest community-based case-control cohort of BE patients with and without progression to early neoplasia. The stringent selection criteria and the availability of paraffin embedded biopsy specimens make this a unique cohort for biomarker studies.
Ecological and economic effects of the landing obligation evaluated using a quantitative ecosystem approach: a Mediterranean case study
Authors: Celić Igor , Libralato Simone , Scarcella Giuseppe , Raicevich Saša , Marčeta Bojan , Solidoro Cosimo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The reformed Common Fisheries Policy [Regulation (EU) 1380/2013] introduces the obligation to land unwanted catches gradually from 2015 to 2019 with the aim to reduce discards. The ecological and economic consequences of this controversial regulation are evaluated here using an ecosystem model for the North-Eastern Adriatic Sea to quantify the long-term stocks’ biomass, landings, and fisheries revenues under future scenarios with and without landing obligation. Results indicate that landings will increase by +13%, causing an increase in fishermen workload, reduction of biomasses at sea (∼−0.20%) for species of both commercial and non-commercial interest, thus a small decrease in fisheries revenue (∼−0.50%). Selling landed unwanted catches for fishmeal production will not compensate the economic losses. Additional adaptation scenarios were tested: (i) introduction of quotas for small pelagics, (ii) reduction of effort for bottom trawlers, (iii) improvement of gear selectivity, and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii). Improving selectivity and introducing quotas resulted the best alternative but none of the adaptation scenarios compensated the adverse effects of the landing obligation, suggesting that this management measure has ecological and economic negative effects in systems where fisheries are not regulated by quota such as the Mediterranean Sea.
Predictive modeling in urgent care: a comparative study of machine learning approaches
Authors: Tang Fengyi , Xiao Cao , Wang Fei , Zhou Jiayu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective
The growing availability of rich clinical data such as patients’ electronic health records provide great opportunities to address a broad range of real-world questions in medicine. At the same time, artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML)-based approaches have shown great premise on extracting insights from those data and helping with various clinical problems. The goal of this study is to conduct a systematic comparative study of different ML algorithms for several predictive modeling problems in urgent care.

Design
We assess the performance of 4 benchmark prediction tasks (eg mortality and prediction, differential diagnostics, and disease marker discovery) using medical histories, physiological time-series, and demographics data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database.

Measurements
For each given task, performance was estimated using standard measures including the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve, F-1 score, sensitivity, and specificity. Microaveraged AUC was used for multiclass classification models.

Results and Discussion
Our results suggest that recurrent neural networks show the most promise in mortality prediction where temporal patterns in physiologic features alone can capture in-hospital mortality risk (AUC &gt; 0.90). Temporal models did not provide additional benefit compared to deep models in differential diagnostics. When comparing the training–testing behaviors of readmission and mortality models, we illustrate that readmission risk may be independent of patient stability at discharge. We also introduce a multiclass prediction scheme for length of stay which preserves sensitivity and AUC with outliers of increasing duration despite decrease in sample size.