bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant withdrawal and behavior problems in urban Chinese toddlers: Roles of maternal sensitivity to infant distress and emerging delay ability
Authors: Liang Xi , Liu Min , Wang Meifang , Yu Jie , Wang Zhengyan , Lu Shan 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTUsing a longitudinal design, this study examined the associations between infant temperamental withdrawal and behavior problems during toddlerhood and tested the moderating effects of maternal sensitivity to infant distress (MSID) and toddlers’ ability to delay gratification (ADG) in urban Chinese families. Participants were 84 Chinese children (37 boys, 47 girls) and their mothers. When the infants were 6 months old (T1: infancy), their mothers reported their temperamental withdrawal, and research assistants observed and coded MSID by using a subscale of the Maternal Behavior Q‐Sort during free‐play interaction. When the toddlers were 1 year old (T2: early toddlerhood), their mothers reported their internalizing and externalizing problems. When the toddlers were 2 years old (T3: late toddlerhood), their mothers again reported their internalizing and externalizing problems, and their abilities of delay gratification were assessed through a laboratory‐based procedure. Infant temperamental withdrawal was associated with increased internalizing problems in early toddlerhood and increased externalizing problems during middle to late toddlerhood; infants whose mothers were extremely high sensitive or low sensitive to their distress or those with late poor ability of delay gratification were at particular risk. The findings highlight the importance of matching parenting and promotion of self‐control for temperamental withdrawn children's optimal development.
Osteogenic ability of rat bone marrow concentrate is at least as efficacious as mesenchymal stem cellsin vitro
Authors: Kohno Yusuke , Lin Tzuhua , Pajarinen Jukka , Romero‐Lopez Monica , Maruyama Masahiro , Huang Jhih‐Fong , Nathan Karthik , Yao Zhenyu , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCell therapy using bone marrow concentrate (BMC) or purified and expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to have a promising osteogenic capacity. However, few studies have directly compared their relative osteogenic ability. The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic ability of BMC isolated by density gradient centrifugation with bone marrow‐derived MSCsin vitrousing the cells of 3‐month‐old Sprague–Dawley rats. The isolated cells were seeded onto 24‐well plates (1 × 105 cells/well) and cultured in control growth media, osteogenic media with dexamethasone, or media without dexamethasone (which simulated thein vivotissue environment). Alkaline phosphatase activity at week 2, osteocalcin using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction at week 4, and Alizarin red staining at week 4 were evaluated. In the osteogenic media with dexamethasone, BMC showed equivalent (osteocalcin) or even greater (Alizarin red staining) osteogenic ability compared to MSCs, suggesting that cross‐talk among various cells in the BMC leads to greater osteogenesis. Furthermore, in the osteogenic media without dexamethasone, BMC showed equivalent (osteocalcin) or a trend for greater (Alizarin red staining) bone formation than MSCs alone. Our results suggest that BMC has at least comparable bone regeneration potential to MSCs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2500–2506, 2019
Cost-Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Interventions to Improve Quality of Care After Upper Extremity Fracture: Results From a Randomized Trial (C-STOP Trial)
Authors: Majumdar Sumit R , Lier Douglas A , McAlister Finlay A , Johnson Jeffrey A , Rowe Brian H , Beaupre Lauren A 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

We assessed the cost-effectiveness of two models of osteoporosis care after upper extremity fragility fracture using a high-intensity Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) Case-Manager intervention versus a low-intensity FLS (ie, Active Control), and both relative to usual care. This analysis used data from a pragmatic patient-level parallel-arm comparative effectiveness trial of 361 community-dwelling participants 50 years or older with upper extremity fractures undertaken at a Canadian academic hospital. We used a decision-analytic Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the three treatment alternatives. The perspective was health service payer; the analytical horizon was lifetime; costs and health outcomes were discounted by 3%. Costs were expressed in 2016 Canadian dollars (CAD) and the health effect was measured by quality adjusted life years (QALYs). The average age of enrolled patients was 63 years and 89% were female. Per patient cost of the Case Manager and Active Control interventions were $66CAD and $18CAD, respectively. Compared to the Active Control, the Case Manager saved $333,000, gained seven QALYs, and averted nine additional fractures per 1000 patients. Compared to usual care, the Case Manager saved $564,000, gained 14 QALYs, and incurred 18 fewer fractures per 1000 patients, whereas the Active Control saved $231,000, gained seven QALYs, and incurred nine fewer fractures per 1000 patients. Although both interventions dominated usual care, the Case Manager intervention also dominated the Active Control. In 5000 probabilistic simulations, the probability that the Case Manager intervention was cost-effective was greater than 75% whereas the Active Control intervention was cost-effective in less than 20% of simulations. In summary, although the adoption of either of these approaches into clinical settings should lead to cost savings, reduced fractures, and increased quality-adjusted life for older adults following upper extremity fracture, the Case Manager intervention would be the most likely to be cost-effective. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Excellent response to therapeutic plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis patients irrespective of antibody status
Authors: Usmani Amena , Kwan Laura , Wahib‐Khalil Dina , Trivedi Jaya , Nations Sharon , Sarode Ravi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe primary objective of this study was to assess response to plasma exchange (PLEX) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with and without autoantibodies (Ab) to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK). Analysis was also done to determine if correlation existed between sex, early or late onset MG, thymoma, or thymectomy and response to PLEX.Materials and MethodsData was analyzed on 58 consecutive MG patients treated with PLEX. Responses were categorized as complete response, clinical improvement requiring maintenance PLEX, or no/minimal response to PLEX.ResultsEighty‐eight percent (51/58) of patients were Ab‐positive; 44 had AChR and 7 had MuSK Ab. Complete response was seen in 26 patients (24 Ab+), 24 remain on maintenance PLEX (19 Ab+), and 2 had no/minimal response (both AChR Ab+). Ab status (P = 0.43), AChR Ab (P = 0.10), MuSK Ab (P = 0.45), early onset MG (P = 0.63), thymoma (P = 0.46), and thymectomy (P = 0.16) were not significantly associated with outcome. Patient sex did show significant association with outcome (P = 0.01), with men more likely to have complete response and women more likely to require maintenance. Late onset MG is significantly associated with higher likelihood of complete response (P = 0.03). Antibody titers declined after PLEX in 83% of patients with complete response, in whom pre‐ and post‐PLEX titers were available (n = 6).ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study showed 96% response rate to PLEX in MG; however, only patient gender and late onset MG were significantly associated with treatment response.
Upregulation of miR‐146a‐5p is associated with increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in aortic dissection
Authors: Xue Ling , Luo Songyuan , Ding Huanyu , Liu Yuan , Huang Wenhui , Fan Xiaoping , Wu Min , Jian Xuhua , Huang Cheng , Luo Jianfang , Fan Ruixin 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether miR‐146a‐5p was involved in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic dissection (AD) via regulating the biological function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).MethodsCirculating miR‐146a‐5p level was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in AD patients and healthy controls. Human dissected aortic samples were obtained from patients with thoracic AD Stanford type A undergoing surgical repair, and normal control samples were from organ donors who died from nonvascular diseases. The expression level of miR‐146a‐5p was detected using qPCR in each sample. The expression of SMAD4, which is involved in the TGF‐β pathway and indicated as the target gene of miR‐146a‐5p, was measured by qPCR and Western blot analysis at the mRNA level and protein level, respectively. Subsequently, VSMCs were transfected with miR‐146a‐5p mimics or inhibitors in vitro. VSMC proliferation and migration were detected using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Transwell assay, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to identify apoptosis. The expression of SMAD4 in VSMCs was determined using qPCR and Western blot analysis.ResultsPlasma level of miR‐146a‐5p is significantly higher in the AD group as compared with the control group. The expression of miR‐146a‐5p was significantly upregulated in dissected aorta compared with controls (P < 0.05). The overexpression of miR‐146a‐5p significantly induced VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro.ConclusionsThe expression of SMAD4 was modulated by miR‐146a‐5p. miR‐146a‐5p induced VSMC proliferation and migration through targeting SMAD4 and hence might be potentially involved in the development of AD.
Increased serum adiponectin predicts improved coronary flow and clinical outcomes in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Liang Siwen , Li Hongwei , Shen Xuhua , Liu Ruifeng 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies suggested that adiponectin (APN) could ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion injury and endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship between serum APN level and coronary flow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear.MethodsA total of 144 patients with STEMI treated by PPCI were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the mean serum APN level on admission. The data on coronary angiograms and laboratory examinations were collected and compared between groups. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was evaluated in all enrolled patients.ResultsThe prevalence of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade <3 after PPCI and corrected TIMI frame count were lower in the high‐APN group (P = 0.032 and P = 0.029, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that APN was an independent negative predictor of poor coronary flow after PPCI (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56‐0.93, P = 0.011). Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that a higher APN level correlated with a better MACE‐free survival rate, and multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis indicated that high APN was a significant negative predictor of MACE (hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29‐1.00, P = 0.048).ConclusionElevated serum levels of APN on admission are associated with improved myocardial blood flow and clinical outcomes in STEMI patients treated with PPCI.
Treating comorbid depression and avoidant personality disorder: The case of Andy
Authors: Maillard Pauline , Pellaton Julie , Kramer Ueli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder is among the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders and is often accompanied by other disorders such as anxiety or substance abuse. As a result of a complicated tangle of comorbidities, psychotherapy in such cases can become quite demanding. The present case study presents and discusses the challenges represented by a complex case of psychotherapy, focusing on ongoing modifications of the clinical hypotheses and therapeutic approach. This process is illustrated through the case of Andy, a 44‐year‐old man suffering from depressive disorder, social phobia, substance dependency, and an avoidant personality disorder. This case draws attention to the quality of the relationship and the flexibility and adaptation required from the therapist while depicting an integrative way of working therapeutically with complex cases.
Vascular tissue engineering: Fabrication and characterization of acetylsalicylic acid‐loaded electrospun scaffolds coated with amniotic membrane lysate
Authors: Aslani Saba , Kabiri Mahboubeh , Kehtari Mousa , Hanaee‐Ahvaz Hana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs the incidence of small‐diameter vascular graft (SDVG) occlusion is considerably high, a great amount of research is focused on constructing a more biocompatible graft. The absence of a biocompatible surface in the lumen of the engineered grafts that can support confluent lining with endothelial cells (ECs) can cause thrombosis and graft failure. Blood clot formation is mainly because of the lack of an integrated endothelium. The most effective approach to combat this problem would be using natural extracellular matrix constituents as a mimic of endothelial basement membrane along with applying anticoagulant agents to provide local antithrombotic effects. In this study, we fabricated aligned and random electrospun poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) scaffolds containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as the anticoagulation agent and surface coated them with amniotic membrane (AM) lysate. Vascular scaffolds were structurally and mechanically characterized and assessed for cyto‐ and hemocompatibility and their ability to support endothelial differentiation was examined. All the scaffolds showed appropriate tensile strength as expected for vascular grafts. Lack of cytotoxicity, cellular attachment, growth, and infiltration were proved using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and scanning electron microscopy. The blood compatibilities of different scaffolds examined by in vitro hemolysis and blood coagulation assays elucidated the excellent hemocompatibility of our novel AM‐coated ASA‐loaded nanofibers. Drug‐loaded scaffolds showed a sustained release profile of ASA in 7 days. AM‐coated electrospun PLLA fibers showed enhanced cytocompatibility for human umbilical vein ECs, making a confluent endothelial‐like lining. In addition, AM lysate‐coated ASA‐PLLA‐aligned scaffold proved to support endothelial differentiation of Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. Our results together indicated that AM lysate‐coated ASA releasing scaffolds have promising potentials for development of a biocompatible SDVG.
Positional ischaemia of transplant kidney: A rare cause of early graft dysfunction
Authors: Li John Wing , Wong Germaine , Li Jennifer , Gruenewald Simon , Chapman Jeremy Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKinking of the kidney transplant vessels late after the operation is a rare complication that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of positional ischemia of the renal allograft resulting from dynamic and positional kinking of the graft vasculature, which was diagnosed by ultrasonography with the patient standing. The graft was repositioned into the sub‐rectus pocket and the ischaemic injury resolved.
Human liver-derived CXCR6+ NK cells are predominantly educated through NKG2A and show reduced cytokine production
Authors: Lunemann Sebastian , Langeneckert Annika E , Martrus Gloria , Hess Leonard U , Salzberger Wilhelm , Ziegler Annerose E , Löbl Sebastian M , Poch Tobias , Ravichandran Gevitha , Sauter Jürgen , Schmidt Alexander H , Schramm Christoph , Oldhafer Karl J , Altfeld Marcus , Körner Christian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
NK cells have been implicated to affect the outcome of numerous liver diseases. In particular, members of the killer-cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family, predominantly expressed by NK cells, have been associated with the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection and clearance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Inhibitory KIRs tune NK cell function through interaction with HLA class I, a process termed education. Nevertheless, the impact of the hepatic environment on NK cell education is incompletely understood. Therefore, we investigated the composition and function of hepatic KIR-expressing NK cells. Matched PBMC and hepatic lymphocytes were isolated from 20 individuals undergoing liver surgery and subsequently phenotypically analyzed for expression of KIRs and markers for tissue residency using flow cytometry. NK cell function was determined by co-culturing NK cells with the target cell line 721.221 and subsequent assessment of CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNF-α expression. Liver-resident CXCR6+/CD56Bright NK cells lacked KIRs and were predominantly educated through NKG2A, while CXCR6−/CD16+ NK cells expressed KIRs and resembled peripheral blood NK cells. Hepatic NK cells showed lower response rates compared to peripheral blood NK cells; in particular, CXCR6+ NK cells were hyporesponsive to stimulation with target cells. The high proportion of educated NK cells in both subsets indicates the importance of self-inhibitory receptors for the balance between maintenance of self-tolerance and functional readiness. However, the reduced functionality of hepatic NK cells may reflect the impact of the tolerogenic hepatic environment on NK cells irrespective of NK cell education.
Structure and function of skin in the pelagic sea snake, Hydrophis platurus
Authors: Lillywhite Harvey B. , Menon Gopinathan K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe describe and interpret the functional morphology of skin of the Yellow‐bellied sea snake, Hydrophis platurus. This is the only pelagic sea snake, and its integument differs from what is known for other species of snakes. In gross appearance, the scales of H. platurus consist of non‐overlapping, polygonal knobs with flattened outer surfaces bearing presumptive filamentous sensillae. The deep recesses between scales (‘hinge’) entrap and wick water over the body surface, with mean retention of 5.1 g/cm of skin surface, similar to that determined previously for the roughened, spiny skin of marine file snakes, Acrochordus granulatus. This feature possibly serves to maintain the skin wet when the dorsal body protrudes above water while floating on calm oceanic slicks where they forage. In contrast with other snakes, including three species of amphibious, semi‐marine sea kraits (Laticauda spp.), the outer corneous β‐protein layer consists of a syncytium that is thinner than seen in most other species. The subjacent α‐layer is also thin, and lipid droplets and lamellar bodies are seen among the immature, cornifying α‐cells. A characteristic mesos layer, comprising the water permeability barrier, is either absent or very thin. These features are possibly related to (1) permeability requirements for cutaneous gas exchange, (2) reduced gradient for water efflux compared with terrestrial environments, (3) less need for physical protection in water compared with terrestrial ground environments, and (4) increased frequency of ecdysis thought to be an anti‐fouling mechanism. The lipogenic features of the α‐layer possibly compensate for the reduced or absent mesos layer, or produce layers of cells that comprise what functionally might be termed a mesos layer, but where the organization of barrier lipids nonetheless appears less robust than what is characteristically seen in squamates.
Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in the limbs of anurans
Authors: Didde Ryan D. , Rivera Gabriel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that fluctuating asymmetry (FA) may provide an indication of the functional importance of structures within an organism, with structures that more strongly impact fitness being more symmetric. Based on this idea, we predicted that for tetrapods in which the forelimbs and hindlimbs play an unequal role in locomotion, the less functionally important limb set should display higher levels of FA. We conducted a multispecies test of this hypothesis in anurans (frogs and toads), whose saltatory locomotor mode is powered by the hindlimbs. We also tested whether FA in the forelimbs, which play a more important role during landing, differed between families that differ in the degree of forelimb use in locomotion (Bufonidae vs. Ranidae). We calculated FA from the lengths of humeri and femora measured from disarticulated skeletal specimens of four anuran taxa (Bufonidae: Anaxyrus americanus, Rhinella marina; Ranidae: Lithobates catesbeianus, Lithobates clamitans). Our findings were consistent with the hypothesis that natural selection for increased locomotor performance may influence patterns of FA seen in vertebrate limbs, with all species displaying lower mean FA in the hindlimbs. More subtle functional roles between the forelimbs of bufonids and ranids, however, did not elicit different levels of FA.
Three‐color coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering with optical nonresonant background removal
Authors: Littleton Brad , Shah Priyank , Kavanagh Thomas , Richards David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBroadband coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (B‐CARS), excited through intrapulse three‐color processes in which both the pump and Stokes photons are derived from a broadband beam, enable diffraction‐limited hyperspectral Raman imaging over the entire fingerprint spectral region with a speed and sensitivity far superior to that possible with conventional spontaneous Raman confocal microspectroscopy. We extend the theory of spectral interferometric polarization coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (SIP‐CARS) to include three‐color excitation processes. This allows for the B‐CARS measurement of polarized Raman‐equivalent spectra free of the nonresonant background, without the requirement for post‐acquisition computational processing. We demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of both three‐color and two‐color SIP‐CARS, at low and high Raman shifts, respectively, in good agreement with theory. These proof of concept results pave the way for photon‐efficient SIP‐CARS signal generation with ultrafast lasers, for all‐optical, fast, quantitative Raman hyperspectral imaging.
Colloidal Characteristics, Drug Encapsulation, and Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion of Dodecenyl‐Modified Alginate
Authors: Zhao Cong , Miao Junkui , Sui Meiyu , Liu Xisheng , Yu Yueqin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSodium alginate was hydrophobically modified with dodecenyl succinic anhydride in a neutral aqueous solution (pH = 6.8) at room temperature, forming an environmentally friendly amphiphile dodecenyl‐modified alginate (DMA). Surface activity of DMA was assessed using surface tension and zeta‐potential measurements. Hydrophobic compound‐loading capacity as well as oil‐in‐water emulsion stability of DMA solutions were investigated to study the potential applications of DMA. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of DMA aqueous solution was found to be 0.70 mg mL−1 with the surface tension being around 33.0 mN m−1. DMA solutions were able to solubilize hydrophobic compounds like Sudan IV and Clofazimine in aqueous medium. 10% peanut oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized by 10 mg mL−1 DMA presented good stability during 7 days of storage and the interfacial tension between water and oil was lowered from 23.0 to 9.0 mN m−1. Results showed that DMA was an efficient surfactant and could work as a drug‐delivery vehicle or a natural food emulsion stabilizer in the future.