bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Patterns of Children Aged 1–3 Years in Poland in Two Population Studies
Authors: Weker Halina , Brudnicka Elżbieta , Barańska Marta , Rowicka Grażyna , Strucińska Małgorzata , Więch Małgorzata , Dyląg Hanna , Klemarczyk Witold , Socha Piotr , Mazur Joanna 
Published: July 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The levels of nutrition that children receive in their first years of life greatly determine their psychosomatic development. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> The study was to identify dietary patterns of children aged 1–3 years based on data on food consumption structure from 2 population studies performed in Poland (2011 and 2016) and to assess changes in product selection in the children’s diets with respect to their nutritional status. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Both studies were performed on nationwide representative samples (2011: <i>n</i> = 400; 2016: <i>n</i> = 612) using questionnaire surveys. Nutritional status was estimated using body weight-to-height z-score. Feeding practices were evaluated based on 3-day dietary/food records, including 1 weekend day. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Four dietary patterns of toddlers were identified and changes in the distribution of these patterns in the population after 5 years were analysed and compared. Diets of children in the second year of life were better balanced in terms of energy and nutritional value owing to young child formula content. Diets of children in the third year of life were higher in energy and protein, with a higher percentage of energy derived from saccharose. Diets of all groups of children were deficient in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and potassium but excessive in sodium. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Over 5 years, the percentage of children on a diet with high intake of formula for young children significantly decreased but increased on a diet with high dairy content. Dietary patterns of toddlers were associated with their weight by height z score and nutrient profile.
The crucible of co-production: Case study interviews with Recovery College practitioner trainers
Authors: Dalgarno Mark , Oates Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: This study explored healthcare professionals’ accounts of being practitioner trainers in a mental health Recovery College, where they worked with peer trainers, who were people with lived experience of mental illness, to co-produce workshops for mental health service users and staff. The aim of this study was to understand the process of co-production in the Recovery College from the perspective of practitioner trainers. Design: Single-site case study. Setting: A Recovery College in the South of England, open to staff and service users from one mental health care provider organisation. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with eight mental healthcare professionals. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Results: A central image of ‘the workshop as crucible’ emerged from the three themes derived from the analysis. Co-facilitating the workshop was a ‘structured’ encounter, within which health professionals experienced ‘dynamism’ and change. For them, this involved experiences of ‘challenge and discomfort’. Conclusion: Findings from this study contribute to the evidence base for the evaluation of Recovery Colleges by focusing on the training impact on staff. Findings suggest that taking on a trainer role in Recovery College co-production is beneficial for healthcare professionals as well as mental health service users, especially if healthcare professionals are open to the dynamism and possible discomfort of these workshop encounters. Future research, however, should expand beyond single-site case studies to test the extent to which this metaphor and themes are appropriate to describing the ‘transformative’ element of co-production.
Baptists and their polarizing ways: Transnational polarization between Southern Baptist missionaries and Brazilian Baptists
Authors: Chaves Joao , Weaver C. Douglas 
Published: July 2019

Polarization in Baptist life has a long history. Baptists have had polarized relations with other competing religious groups and with themselves. Baptist focus on freedom, dissent, conscience, local church independence, among other foundational principles, render Baptists prone to diversity and disagreement. Diversity, salted by the absolute certainties of religious belief, easily translates into polarization. Triumphalism, fundamentalism, and other types of ironic dogmatisms formed in the context of freedom have produced polarized beliefs. Those religious beliefs, however, cannot be separated from the interplay of sources of power: class, gender, and race. In the context of the United States, a discussion of Baptists cannot be separated from these power components, especially matters of race. Significantly, if not surprisingly, Baptists exported their racial, triumphalist identity and commitments abroad in their missionary endeavors. Brazilian Baptists, for example, heard the gospel from Southern Baptists, but they heard that gospel in a racialized form that was captive to Southern US racist culture. Southern Baptists shared the gospel, but they also resisted efforts by native Brazilians in The Radical Movement to indigenize their faith.
A novel approach to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of a selective dopamine D1/D5 receptor partial agonist (PF-06412562) in patients with stable schizophrenia
Authors: Arce Estibaliz , Balice-Gordon Rita , Duvvuri Sridhar , Naylor Melissa , Xie Zhiyong , Harel Brian , Kozak Rouba , Gray David L , DeMartinis Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Background: PF-06412562 is an orally bioavailable, selective dopamine D1/D5 receptor partial agonist with a non-catechol structure under evaluation for treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Aims: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Phase 1b study examined the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three doses of PF-06412562 (3 mg, 9 mg, and 45 mg twice daily) over 15 days in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotics. Methods: Primary endpoints included adjunctive safety/tolerability and effects on MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Working Memory domain and reward processing (Monetary Incentive Delay) tasks. Exploratory endpoints included other behavioral/neurophysiological tasks, including the N-back task. Results: Among 95 subjects (78% male; mean age 34.8 years), baseline characteristics were similar across groups. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Working Memory composite change from baseline on Day 13 improved in all groups, the smallest improvement was observed in the 45 mg group and was significantly smaller than that in the placebo group (two-sided p=0.038). For the Monetary Incentive Delay task (change from baseline in blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in anterior ventral striatum for the contrast of cue gain>cue no gain on Day 15), no PF-06412562 dose was significantly different from placebo. No doses of PF-06412562 showed a significant difference on two-back task accuracy versus placebo. Conclusions: Adjunctive treatment with PF-06412562 was safe and well tolerated in patients with schizophrenia. PF-06412562 failed to show clinical benefit relative to placebo on assessments of cognition or reward processing in symptomatically stable patients over a 15-day treatment period. Numerous limitations due to the safety study design warrant further efficacy evaluation for this drug mechanism.
Apparent diffusion coefficient values and non-homogeneity of diffusion in brain tumors in diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Basirjafari Sedigheh , Poureisa Masoud , Shahhoseini Babak , Zarei Mohammad , Aghayari Sheikh Neshin Saeideh , Anvari Aria Sheida , Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud 
Published: July 2019

Background The values that have been received from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) might play a vital role in evaluating tumors and their grading scale. Purpose To investigate the predictive role of this heterogeneity in brain tumor pathologies and its correlation with Ki-67. Material and Methods A total of 124 patients with brain tumors underwent brain MRI with gadolinium injection. ADC and standard deviation of each lesion have been obtained from manual localization of the region of interest on the ADC map. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to determine the minimum cut-off values of the mean ADC and mean standard deviation of ADC maps having the highest sensitivity and specificity to differentiate high-grade and low-grade tumors. Results Mean ADC values in the region of interest were significantly lower for malignant tumors (grade IV and metastasis) than grade I brain tumors, while a higher mean standard deviation was observed. In a more detailed comparison of tumor groups, the mean standard deviation of the ADC for glioblastoma multiform was significantly higher than meningioma grade I ( P < 0.001) and metastasis was significantly higher than grade III and IV astrocytic tumors ( P = 0.004). The analysis of Ki-67 proliferation index and mean ADC values in gliomas showed a significant inverse correlation between the parameters (r = –0.0429, P < 0.001) and direct correlation between Ki-67 and mean standard deviation of the ADC (r = 0.551, P < 0.001). As an index for the ADC to differentiate high-grade and low-grade tumors, the cut-off values of 1.40*10−3 mm2/s for mean ADC and 45*10−3 mm2/s for mean standard deviation have the highest combination of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve. Conclusion The mean value and standard deviation of the ADC could be considered for differentiating between low-grade and high-grade brain tumors, as two available non-invasive methods.
…oltre la malattia: Medicina narrativa per una terapia dell’anima
Authors: Ciaccia Luigi 
Published: July 2019

…beyond the disease: narrative medicine for soul’s therapy Purpose A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is forced to reorganise his/her entire lifestyle according to the rhythm of dialysis, a life-saving therapy that becomes a life-long sentence. Slowly, the clinic becomes a prison of pain and frustration, worsening the symptoms and affecting the medical staff as well. Thus, I decided to work on the doctor-patient relationship in order to guide those under therapy in finding a new perception of themselves “beyond the disease”. Methods In pursuing this goal, I adopted the methodology of narrative medicine, structured through three interviews: the first one on the disease; the second one on the past (i.e. emotions, fond memories, etc.); the third one on future projects. I also launched other weekly activities, such as sharing good news from the newspaper, watching movies, and organising outdoor activities. Results Throughout the project, I observed a significant improvement in the well-being of the patients, through a decrease in their stress levels and an increased response to therapy. Furthermore, I was able to establish a group dynamic among the patients as well as between them and the staff. Conclusions At the end of the first year, the project was renewed, and its scope widened. We collected some photos and thoughts of the patients during our outdoor activities and published them in a book, which was given to the patients for Christmas, as the symbol of both the end of the first year and the start of another… beyond the disease.
LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Ge Qing , Zhao Li , Ren Xiao-Min , Ye Peng , Hu Zuo-Ying 
Published: July 2019

Diabetic cardiomyopathy, which refers to the destruction of the structure and function of the heart, is the primary cause of heart failure due to diabetes. LCZ696 is the first angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) to be used clinically. Our study investigated the role played by LCZ696 during diabetic cardiomyopathy and explored the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally into mice, and the mice were then divided randomly into two groups: one group was treated with LCZ696 (60 mg/kg/d) for 16 weeks, and the other received no treatment. The H9C2 cardiomyoblast cell line was treated with LCZ696 under high-glucose (HG) conditions. The levels of apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3) and pro-inflammatory factors [nuclear factor (NF)-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK)] were assessed in heart tissues from diabetic and normal mice and in H9C2 cells. The heart tissue structures and cardiac functions of diabetic mice were compared with those of normal mice, using histological and echocardiographic analyses. The results showed that LCZ696 inhibits the nuclear transfer of NF-κB and JNK/p38MAPK phosphorylation, and mitigates inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes under HG conditions. The histological and echocardiographic data showed that compared with untreated diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with LCZ696 exhibited improved ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. LCZ696 also ameliorated oxidative stress in both vivo and vitro. In conclusion, LCZ696 improved diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Impact statement Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure in patients with diabetes, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. LCZ696, which was studied here, is a novel drug for the treatment of heart failure. The latest research reports that LCZ696 is more effective for preventing heart failure than valsartan alone. However, little research has been performed examining the effects of LCZ696 on DCM. This study was designed to examine the role played by LCZ696 during DCM and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects, which may provide the basis for a new therapeutic strategy for DCM.
Phytosterol enhances oral nifedipine treatment in pregnancy-induced preeclampsia: A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Mei , Feng Huanrong 
Published: July 2019

Preeclampsia is a severe complication which influences pregnant women all around the world, the symptom of which is serious maternal hypertension. Phytosterol is a type of natural compound commonly found in plant products, and has been incorporated into various food vectors and natural drugs. In the paper, the curative effect on preeclampsia by combination of oral nifedipine and phytosterol was assessed. Random grouping was carried out, with 253 preeclampsia patients being registered and taking orally nifedipine+phytosterol or nifedipine+placebo. The time for controlling the blood pressure and the time needed for the occurrence of another hypertensive crisis were defined as primary endpoints. The dosage required for controlling blood pressure, and the adverse effects from infants and mothers were defined as secondary endpoints. The nifedipine+phytosterol group required a remarkably shorter time for controlling blood pressure than the nifedipine+placebo group, an obviously delayed time for the occurrence of new hypertensive crisis, and an obvious lower dosage for controlling blood pressure. There was no difference between the two groups regarding the adverse effects from infants and mothers. Findings in the study suggest that phytosterol is an effective and safe adjuvant of the oral nifedipine and can alleviate the hypertension symptoms in preeclampsia patients. Impact statement There was no difference between the two groups regarding the adverse effects from infants and mothers. Findings in the study suggest that phytosterol is an effective and safe adjuvant of the oral nifedipine and can alleviate the hypertension symptoms in preeclampsia patients.
A digital image encryption algorithm based on chaotic mapping
Authors: Deng Zhijuan , Zhong Shaojun 
Published: July 2019

In this article, we introduced a digital image encryption algorithm based on the chaotic mapping designed by Xiong et al. In their paper, the authors theoretically analyzed the algorithm and pointed out that the algorithm did not need to have the prior knowledge of the orbital distribution and one can select any chaotic model. In this way, the algorithm greatly expanded the cryptographic space and greatly reduced the number of iterations of the mapping. Since the algorithm has many characteristics, for instance, it is sensitive to the secret key, its key space is big, the pixel is well distributed after being encrypted, etc., the security of the encrypted images can be assured effectively. However, since the algorithm applied the image scrambling for encryption, and did not take the chosen-plaintext attacks into consideration, the algorithm is relatively weak in resisting the chosen-plaintext attacks. Therefore, we put forward a kind of image replacement method based on chaos, which can resist the chosen-plaintext attacks. And the experimental simulation proves that this algorithm not only has many characteristics, for instance, it is sensitive to the secret key, its key space is big, the pixel is well distributed after being encrypted, etc., but also can resist the chosen-plaintext attacks effectively. In the meanwhile, the algorithm is very sensitive to the small changes of the plaintexts, and its encrypted images will completely lose the features of the original ones.
Beta-sarcoglycan-deficient muscular dystrophy presenting as chronic bronchopneumonia in a young cat
Authors: Bouillon Juliette , Taylor Suzanne M , Vargo Cheryl , Lange Michelle , Zwicker Lesley A , Sukut Sally L , Guo Ling T , Shelton G Diane 
Published: July 2019

Case summary A 5-month-old cat was evaluated for a 3 week history of cough, nasal discharge, decreased appetite and weight loss. Musculoskeletal examination was normal and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was within the reference interval. The cat was treated during the next 10 months for chronic, persistent pneumonia. Weakness then became apparent, the cat developed dysphagia and was euthanized. Post-mortem evaluation revealed chronic aspiration pneumonia and muscular dystrophy associated with beta (β)-sarcoglycan deficiency. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cat with muscular dystrophy presenting for chronic pneumonia without obvious megaesophagus, dysphagia or prominent neuromuscular signs until late in the course of the disease. The absence of gait abnormalities, marked muscle atrophy or hypertrophy and normal serum CK activity delayed the diagnosis in this cat with β-sarcoglycan deficiency.
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant doxorubicin chemotherapy in a case of feline soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Torrigiani Filippo , Romanelli Giorgio , Roccabianca Paola , Treggiari Elisabetta 
Published: July 2019

Case summary A 7-year old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 2 month history of a slow-growing mass on the right zygomatic area. A CT scan revealed a soft tissue mass in the right zygomatic region with no alterations of the underlying bone and features of local invasiveness. Cytology was suggestive of a mesenchymal tumour and histopathology from an incisional biopsy was consistent with a soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The cat was treated with neoadjuvant intravenous doxorubicin chemotherapy at a dose of 25 mg/m2, every two weeks. The patient experienced a partial response and underwent surgical excision of the tumour. Doxorubicin was continued as an adjuvant treatment for three further chemotherapy sessions, at a dose of 25 mg/m2 every 21 days. Local tumour recurrence was detected on clinical examination and cytologically confirmed 259 days following surgery. Relevance and novel information Treatment with neoadjuvant doxorubicin can be considered in cases of inoperable STSs in order to cytoreduce the tumour and improve the chances of achieving complete surgical margins. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in this setting remains unclear.
Hyperplastic and fibrosing gastropathy resembling Ménétrier disease in a cat
Authors: Barker Emi N , Holdsworth Andrew S , Hibbert Angie , Brown Peter J , Hayward Nicolette J 
Published: July 2019

Case summary A 3.5-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of weight loss and polyphagia. Clinical examination revealed a markedly reduced body condition score (2/9) and a quiet demeanour. Laboratory abnormalities comprised a mild non-regenerative anaemia, stress leukogram, hypoproteinaemia due to hypoalbuminaemia, azotaemia, hypokalaemia, total hypocalcaemia and sub-maximally concentrated urine (specific gravity 1.020). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed marked thickening of the gastric mucosa within the fundus, body and pylorus; the most dorsal portion of the fundus was spared. The thickened mucosa contained multiple small, anechoic cyst-like structures. The gastric submucosa, muscularis and serosa appeared normal. Histopathology, performed on a full-thickness gastric biopsy, revealed mucosal hypertrophy and markedly dilated gastric glands in areas; not all gastric glands were affected, with some appearing normal or atrophic. Focal interstitial fibrosis was present in some areas. The findings of hypoproteinaemia, gastric ultrasonographic changes and histopathology results share several similarities to those reported with Ménétrier disease. Relevance and novel information Ménétrier disease is a rare condition of the stomach in humans. A similar condition, giant hypertrophic gastritis (or Ménétrier-like disease), has also been described rarely in dogs. To our knowledge, Ménétrier-like disease has not been previously described cats. This case shares features of Ménétrier-like disease, raising the suspicion of a similar aetiopathogenesis.
Surgical Treatment of Distal Femur Fractures in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Loosen Antonia , Fritz Yannick , Dietrich Michael 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The treatment of distal femur fractures in geriatric patients is challenging and has a high perioperative morbidity and mortality. Treatments have evolved significantly in the past decades. The aim of our study was to analyze local and systemic morbidity and mortality, as well as functional results in this frail cohort treated with distal femur locking plates. Materials and methods: In this single-institution case series, we retrospectively analyzed the data of patients aged 65 years and older with fractures of the distal femur between March 2013 and March 2018. All patients were operated with distal femur locking plates. Points of interest included perioperative morbidity, mortality, weight-bearing status, and care-dependency after hospital discharge. Results: We assessed 49 patients (median age: 86.5 years) with 52 distal femur fractures (AO type A 77%, type C 15%, type B 8%). A total of 30 (58%) periprosthetic fractures with 4 (8%) interimplant femur fractures were documented. The perioperative morbidity was 64%, and the 3-month and 1-year mortality rates were 29% and 35%, respectively. The local complication rate was 6% with no documented implant failure. Of the patients who were living at home before the surgery, 62% required long-term accommodation in residential or nursing homes after dicharge from the hospital or short-term rehabilitation. Conclusions: Geriatric patients with distal femur fractures face a high perioperative mortality. Osteosynthesis with distal femur locking plates is a reliable technique that can be used in various fracture patterns including periprosthetic and interimplant fractures.