bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous fat transplantation alters gene expression patterns related to inflammation and hypoxia in the irradiated human breast
Authors: Lindegren A , Schultz I , Sinha I , Cheung L , Khan A A , Tekle M , Wickman M , Halle M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Radiation-induced fibrosis, an adverse effect of breast cancer treatment, is associated with functional and cosmetic impairment as well as surgical complications. Clinical reports suggest improvement following autologous fat transplantation, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. A global gene expression analysis was undertaken to identify genetic pathways dysregulated by radiation and evaluate the impact of autologous fat transplantation on gene expression.

Methods
Adipose tissue biopsies were taken synchronously from irradiated and contralateral non-irradiated breasts, before and 1 year after autologous fat transplantation. Whole-genome gene expression analyses were performed, and Hallmark gene set analysis used to explore the effect of radiotherapy and autologous fat transplantation on gene expression.

Results
Forty microarrays were analysed, using bilateral biopsies taken from ten patients before and after autologous fat transplantation. Forty-five pathways were identified among the 3000 most dysregulated transcripts after radiotherapy in irradiated compared with non-irradiated breast (P ≤ 0·023; false discovery rate (FDR) no higher than 0·026). After autologous fat transplantation, 575 of the 3000 genes were again altered. Thirteen pathways (P ≤ 0·013; FDR 0·050 or less) were identified; the top two canonical pathways were interferon-γ response and hypoxia. Correlative immunohistochemistry showed increased macrophage recruitment in irradiated tissues.

Conclusion
The present findings contribute to understanding of how autologous fat transplantation can ameliorate radiation-induced fibrosis. This further supports the use of autologous fat transplantation in the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis.
Diagnostic performance of MRI for assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal cancer
Authors: Vollenbrock S E , Voncken F E M , van Dieren J M , Lambregts D M J , Maas M , Meijer G J , Goense L , Mook S , Hartemink K J , Snaebjornsson P , ter Beek L C , Verheij M , Aleman B M P , Beets-Tan R G H , Bartels-Rutten A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with a pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for oesophageal cancer may benefit from non-surgical management. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of visual response assessment of the primary tumour after nCRT on T2-weighted (T2W) and diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI.

Methods
Patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer who underwent T2W- and DW-MRI (1·5 T) before and after nCRT in two hospitals, between July 2013 and September 2017, were included in this prospective study. Three radiologists evaluated T2W images retrospectively using a five-point score for the assessment of residual tumour in a blinded manner and immediately rescored after adding DW-MRI. Histopathology of the resection specimen was used as the reference standard; ypT0 represented a pCR. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and interobserver agreement were calculated.

Results
Twelve of 51 patients (24 per cent) had a pCR. The sensitivity and specificity of T2W-MRI for detection of residual tumour ranged from 90 to 100 and 8 to 25 per cent respectively. Respective values for T2W + DW-MRI were 90–97 and 42–50 per cent. AUCs for the three readers were 0·65, 0·66 and 0·68 on T2W-MRI, and 0·71, 0·70 and 0·70 on T2W + DW-MRI (P = 0·441, P = 0·611 and P = 0·828 for readers 1, 2 and 3 respectively). The κ value for interobserver agreement improved from 0·24–0·55 on T2W-MRI to 0·55–0·71 with DW-MRI.

Conclusion
Preoperative assessment of residual tumour on MRI after nCRT for oesophageal cancer is feasible with high sensitivity, reflecting a low chance of missing residual tumour. However, the specificity was low; this results in overstaging of complete responders as having residual tumour and, consequently, overtreatment.
Chiral high‐performance liquid and supercritical fluid chromatographic enantioseparations of limonene‐based bicyclic aminoalcohols and aminodiols on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases
Authors: Orosz Tímea , Bajtai Attila , Minh Le Tam , Tanács Dániel , Szakonyi Zsolt , Fülöp Ferenc , Péter Antal , Ilisz István 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnantioseparation of limonene‐based bicyclic 1,3‐aminoalcohols and 1,3,5‐ and 1,3,6‐aminodiols was performed by normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic and supercritical fluid chromatographic (SFC) methods on polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases. The effects of the composition of the mobile phase, the column temperature and the structures of the analytes and chiral selectors on retention and selectivity were investigated by normal‐phase LC and SFC technique. Thermodynamic parameters derived from selectivity–temperature‐dependence studies were found to be dependent on the chromatographic method applied, the nature of the chiral selector and the structural details of the analytes. Enantiorecognition in most cases was enthalpically driven but an unusual temperature behavior was also observed: decreased retention times were accompanied by improved separation factors with increasing temperature, i.e. some entropically driven separations were also observed. The elution sequence was determined in all cases. The separation of the stereoisomers was optimized in both chromatographic modalities.
A resting‐state study of volumetric and functional connectivity of the habenular nucleus in treatment‐resistant depression patients
Authors: Luan Shu‐xin , Zhang Lei , Wang Rui , Zhao Hua , Liu Chang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the volumetric and functional connectivity of the habenular nucleus in treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) patients using the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) approach.MethodsA total of 15 TRD patients, who visited the Mental Health Institute of the First Hospital Affiliated with Jilin University between August 2014 and March 2015, along with 15 normal subjects, were enrolled into this study for structural and functional imaging. Functional connectivity analysis was performed using bilateral habenular nuclei as the region of interest in contrast to whole‐brain voxels.ResultsNo significant difference of absolute volume was found in bilateral habenular nuclei between TRD patients and healthy controls, or after controlling for individual total intracranial volume. However, functional connectivity analysis showed increased connectivity between the right habenular nucleus with the medial superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal gyrus, and decreased connectivity with the corpus callosum in the TRD group. For the left habenular nucleus seed, the brain region with increased functional connectivity in the inferior temporal gyrus and decreased functional connectivity in the insular was found in the TRD patients.ConclusionAbnormal functional connectivity was present between the habenular nucleus and the default mode network in TRD patients. Dysfunction in habenular nucleus‐related circuitry for processing negative emotion might form the pathological basis for TRD. Significant asymmetric functional connectivity was also found between bilateral habenular nuclei in TRD patients. Such asymmetry suggests potentially divergent strategy for intervention on bilateral habenular nucleus regions in the future management of depression.
Influence of Alkoxy Chain Length on the Properties of Two‐Dimensionally Expanded Azulene‐Core‐Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Truong Minh Anh , Lee Jaehyun , Nakamura Tomoya , Seo Ji‐Youn , Jung Mina , Ozaki Masashi , Shimazaki Ai , Shioya Nobutaka , Hasegawa Takeshi , Murata Yasujiro , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Grätzel Michael , Murdey Richard , Wakamiya Atsushi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA series of two‐dimensionally expanded azulene‐core‐based π systems have been synthesized with different alkyl chain lengths in the alkoxy moieties connected to the partially oxygen‐bridged triarylamine skeletons. The thermal, photophysical, and electronic properties of each compound were evaluated to determine the influence of the alkyl chain length on their effectiveness as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). All the synthesized molecules showed promising material properties, including high solubility, the formation of flat and amorphous films, and optimal alignment of energy levels with perovskites. In particular, the derivatives with methyl and n‐butyl in the side chains retained amorphous stability up to 233 and 159 °C, respectively. Such short alkoxy chains also resulted in improved electrical device properties. The PSC device fabricated with the HTM with n‐butyl side chains showed the best performance with a power conversion efficiency of 18.9 %, which compares favorably with that of spiro‐OMeTAD‐based PSCs (spiro‐OMeTAD=2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐bis(p‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene).
Computational intelligence based design of implant for varying bone conditions
Authors: Chatterjee Subhomoy , Dey Swati , Majumder Santanu , RoyChowdhury Amit , Datta Shubhabrata 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe objective is to make the strain deviation before and after implantation adjacent to the femoral implant as close as possible to zero. Genetic algorithm is applied for this optimization of strain deviation, measured in eight separate positions. The concept of composite desirability is introduced in such a way that if the microstrain deviation values for all eight cases are 0, then the composite desirability is 1. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to capture the correlation of the microstrain in femur implants using the data generated through finite element simulation. Then, the ANN model is used as the surrogate model, which in combination with the desirability function serves as the objective function for optimization. The optimum achievable deviation was found to vary with the bone condition. The optimum implant geometry varied for different bone condition, and the findings act as guideline for designing patient‐specific implant.
A novel residual energy‐based distributed clustering and routing approach for performance study of wireless sensor network
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Chakraborty Niladri 
Published: February 2019

SummaryNon‐uniform energy consumption during operation of a cluster‐based routing protocol for large‐scale wireless sensor networks (WSN) is major area of concern. Unbalanced energy consumption in the wireless network results in early node death and reduces the network lifetime. This is because nodes near the sink are overloaded in terms of data traffic compared with the far away nodes resulting in node deaths. In this work, a novel residual energy–based distributed clustering and routing (REDCR) protocol has been proposed, which allows multi‐hop communication based on cuckoo‐search (CS) algorithm and low‐energy adaptive‐clustering–hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. LEACH protocol allows choice of possible cluster heads by rotation at every round of data transmission by a newly developed objective function based on residual energy of the nodes. The information about the location and energy of the nodes is forwarded to the sink node where CS algorithm is implemented to choose optimal number of cluster heads and their positions in the network. This approach helps in uniform distribution of the cluster heads throughout the network and enhances the network stability. Several case studies have been performed by varying the position of the base stations and by changing the number of nodes in the area of application. The proposed REDCR protocol shows significant improvement by an average of 15% for network throughput, 25% for network scalability, 30% for network stability, 33% for residual energy conservation, and 60% for network lifetime proving this approach to be more acceptable one in near future.
Vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of obesity‐related insulin resistance
Authors: Pramono Adriyan , Jocken Johan W.E. , Blaak Ellen E. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe obese insulin‐resistant state is often associated with low circulating concentration of vitamin D 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. Fat sequestration of vitamin D in the expanded obese adipose tissue mass has been pointed out as a plausible explanation for this circulating vitamin D deficiency. However, the putative mechanisms behind this hypovitaminosis D remain to be elucidated. The presence of vitamin D receptor and vitamin D–metabolizing enzymes in insulin‐sensitive organs suggests that vitamin D may be involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and may be related to insulin sensitivity. Indeed, mainly in vitro studies support a role of vitamin D in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in several insulin‐sensitive tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, as well as pancreatic insulin secretion. A potential role of vitamin D in gut barrier function and metabolism has also been suggested. This review summarizes recent knowledge on vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of obesity‐related insulin resistance and discusses potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, the role of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control is discussed.
Myosin Vb is required for correct trafficking of N‐cadherin and cardiac chamber ballooning
Authors: Grassini Daniela R. , da Silva Jason , Hall Thomas E. , Baillie Gregory J. , Simons Cas , Parton Robert G. , Hogan Benjamin M. , Smith Kelly A. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDuring heart morphogenesis, the cardiac chambers undergo ballooning: a process involving regionalized elongation of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte shape changes require reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton; however, the genetic regulation of this process is not well understood.ResultsFrom a forward genetic screen, we identified the zebrafish uq
23ks mutant which manifests chamber ballooning defects. Whole‐genome sequencing‐mapping identified a truncating mutation in the gene, myo5b. myo5b encodes an atypical myosin required for endosome recycling and, consistent with this, increased vesicles were observed in myo5b mutant cardiomyocytes. Expression of RFP‐Rab11a (a recycling endosome marker) confirmed increased recycling endosomes in cardiomyocytes of myo5b mutants. To investigate potential cargo of MyoVb‐associated vesicles, we examined the adherens junction protein, N‐cadherin. N‐cadherin appeared mispatterned at cell junctions, and an increase in the number of intracellular particles was also apparent. Co‐localization with RFP‐Rab11a confirmed increased N‐cadherin‐positive recycling endosomes, demonstrating N‐cadherin trafficking is perturbed in myo5b mutants. Finally, phalloidin staining showed disorganized F‐actin in myo5b cardiomyocytes, suggesting the cytoskeleton fails to remodel, obstructing chamber ballooning.ConclusionsMyoVb is required for cardiomyocyte endosomal recycling and appropriate N‐cadherin localization during the onset of chamber ballooning. Cardiomyocytes lacking MyoVb are unable to reorganize their actin cytoskeleton, resulting in failed chamber ballooning. Developmental Dynamics 248:284–295, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fighting Novel Diseases amidst Humanitarian Crises
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. , Sircar Neil R. , Friedman Eric A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Democratic Republic of the Congo is facing two crises: a potentially explosive Ebola epidemic and a major insurgency. But they are not wholly distinct from each other: the first is intertwined with the second, and public mistrust and political violence add a dangerous dimension to the Ebola epidemic. The World Health Organization and other health emergency responders will increasingly find themselves fighting outbreaks in insecure, misgoverned or ungoverned zones, possibly experiencing active conflict. Yet the WHO has neither the mission nor the capabilities to navigate these security threats. We cannot expect that the usual public health strategy will succeed when health workers’ lives are directly imperiled and community resistance runs deep. Tackling health emergencies amidst complex humanitarian crises requires fresh thinking. Here, we offer a blueprint for fighting diseases in complex humanitarian emergencies. The building blocks of security and trust include high‐level political support, street‐level diplomacy, community engagement, enhanced funding, and protection of health professionals working in conflict or disaster zones.
Pregnant Women Can Finally Expect Better
Authors: Ballantyne Angela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA decade of advocacy for the inclusion of pregnant women in the clinical research agenda is starting to pay off. In September, the United States Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant Women and Lactating Women issued its advice to the secretary of Health and Human Services on addressing gaps in knowledge and research on safe and effective therapies for pregnant women and lactating women. The task force is pushing for major reforms. If its recommendations are taken up, we can anticipate a significant shift in pregnancy research in the United States. This will affect pregnant women, clinicians caring for them, researchers, and institutional review boards.
Artificial Intelligence and Black‐Box Medical Decisions: Accuracy versus Explainability
Authors: London Alex John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough decision‐making algorithms are not new to medicine, the availability of vast stores of medical data, gains in computing power, and breakthroughs in machine learning are accelerating the pace of their development, expanding the range of questions they can address, and increasing their predictive power. In many cases, however, the most powerful machine learning techniques purchase diagnostic or predictive accuracy at the expense of our ability to access “the knowledge within the machine.” Without an explanation in terms of reasons or a rationale for particular decisions in individual cases, some commentators regard ceding medical decision‐making to black box systems as contravening the profound moral responsibilities of clinicians. I argue, however, that opaque decisions are more common in medicine than critics realize. Moreover, as Aristotle noted over two millennia ago, when our knowledge of causal systems is incomplete and precarious—as it often is in medicine—the ability to explain how results are produced can be less important than the ability to produce such results and empirically verify their accuracy.
Capacity for Preferences and Pediatric Assent: Implications for Pediatric Practice
Authors: Navin Mark Christopher , Wasserman Jason Adam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the past thirty to forty years, clinicians and bioethicists have expanded the scope for children’s participation in decision‐making about their medical care, often under the banner of “pediatric assent.” The success of this movement was signaled perhaps most strongly by the creation of American Academy of Pediatrics guidance on pediatric assent in 1995. We agree with the AAP that both the best interests of the child patient and the need to respect the child patient are reasons to take seriously children’s treatment preferences. However, we argue that the AAP could provide a stronger and more stable ethical foundation for pediatric assent. Current policy documents invoke a conception of respect that is grounded in autonomy and cannot apply in most cases of pediatric assent. We argue that the mere fact that children have treatment preferences is a reason to support pediatric assent. We defend this claim by focusing on the importance of what we have called “capacity for preferences.” The notion of capacity for preferences underscores that the moral value of a patient’s preferences is not reducible to considerations of either autonomy or best interests.
High expression of MLANA in the plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as a predictor of tumor progression
Authors: Rodrigues‐Junior Dorival Mendes , Tan Soon Sim , Lim Sai Kiang , de Souza Viana Luciano , Carvalho Andre Lopes , Vettore Andre Luiz , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThere is a paucity of plasma‐based biomarkers that predict outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Here, we evaluate the prognostic potential of plasma Melanoma‐Antigen Recognized by T‐cells 1 (MLANA) in this setting.Methods
MLANA expression in HNSCC lines were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, whereas plasma levels were quantified using ELISA in 48 patients with locally advanced HNSCC undergoing a phase 2 trial with CRT.Results
MLANA is expressed at variable levels in a panel of HNSCC lines. In plasma, levels were elevated in patients with tumor relapse compared to those without (P < .004); 73.9% of the patients expressing high plasma MLANA levels progressed with recurrent disease (P = .020). Multivariate analysis showed that plasma MLANA levels and tumor resectability were independent prognostic factors for progression free survival.ConclusionPlasma MLANA expression appears to be an effective noninvasive biomarker for outcomes in patients treated with CRT, and could potentially guide therapeutic decisions in this context.
Two‐year follow‐up of a randomised controlled trial to assess the sustainability of a school intervention to improve the implementation of a school‐based nutrition policy
Authors: Wolfenden Luke , Nathan Nicole , Reilly Kathryn , Delaney Tessa , Janssen Lisa M. , Reynolds Renee , Sutherland Rachel , Hollis Jenna , Lecathelinais Christophe , Williams Christopher M. , Wyse Rebecca , Wiggers John , Yoong Serene 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIssue addressedSchool‐based nutrition policies can have a positive effect on the school food environment. The primary aim of this study was to assess the primary school adherence to a mandatory state‐wide healthy canteen policy 12 months after an effective multi‐strategic implementation intervention concluded.MethodsPrimary schools were randomised to (a) a 12‐14 months multi‐strategic intervention or (b) no‐intervention (control). The intervention aimed to improve implementation of a state‐wide canteen policy by encouraging schools to remove unhealthy food and beverages (classified as ‘‘red’’ or ‘‘banned’’) from canteen menus and replace with healthy items (classified as ‘‘green’’). No implementation support was provided to either group by the research team between the 12 and 24 months data collection period.ResultsSeventy schools participated, of which 56 schools were assessed at 24‐month follow‐up. Intervention schools were less likely to have a menu which contained ‘‘red/banned’’ items at 24‐month follow‐up (RR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.18‐4.40; P = 0.01). Intervention schools, however, were not more likely than controls to have a menu which contained >50% ‘‘green’’ items at 24‐month follow‐up (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.98‐1.70; P = 0.10). Intervention schools were more likely to adhere to both policy components (no red/banned items and >50% green items on the menu) than control schools (RR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.29‐5.29; P = 0.006). Among intervention schools that were fully adherent to the policy following implementation support (12‐month post baseline), all were also adherent at the 24‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe intervention was effective in achieving long‐term school adherence to a state‐wide canteen policy at 24‐month follow‐up.So what?The findings suggest that sustained improvements in implementation of school nutrition policies is possible following a period (12 months) of comprehensive implementation support.