bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic heterogeneity of Dichelobacter nodosus within and between UK sheep flocks and between age groups within a flock
Authors: DAVIES PEERS , Blanchard Adam , Staley Ceri , Bollard Nikki , Coffey Tracey , Tötemeyer Sabine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Footrot and interdigital dermatitis are endemic infectious diseases in all sheep farming regions, impairing welfare and production. The development of efficacious vaccines against the primary causative pathogen has been hampered by the extensive antigenic diversity of Dichelobacter nodosus. Understanding the heterogeneity of the pathogen within and between farms is essential if the feasibility of bespoke vaccine production is to be assessed. In this study 56 ewe and lamb isolates from 9 farms were compared by D. nodosus serogroup and Multi Locus Sequence Type which provides significantly enhanced discriminatory power for molecular epidemiology. . Within farm genomic heterogeneity was significantly lower than between farms. Serogroup heterogeneity between flocks ranged from two to five unique serogroups per flock. Three flocks contained isolates of two serogroups, two flocks contained isolates of three serogroups and one flock included isolates of five serogroups. Analysis of 25 isolates from one flock with high prevalence of lameness, identified that serogroup and sequence type was significantly correlated with age. Significantly higher proportion of lambs were infected with serogroup B (principally ST85) as opposed to serogroup H (principally ST86), which predominated amongst adult sheep. This indicates that host-pathogen dynamics and susceptibility to particular D. nodosus strains may be age dependent.
Neonatal Near Miss and its associated factors at Injibara General Hospital, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Limenih Simachew Kassa , Wassie Toyiba Hiyaru , Ambie Minale Bezie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Neonatal mortality is a significant problem in many low-resource countries, yet for every death there are many more new-born who suffer a life-threatening complication but survive. Neonatal near miss has been proposed as a tool for assessment of quality of care in neonates who suffered any life-threatening condition. However, there was limited evidence on magnitude of neonatal near miss and determinant factors in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess proportion and associated factors of neonatal near miss among deliveries at Injibara General Hospital, Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from February 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019 among 404 live births. Structured and pretested questioner used for mothers and structured checklist for neonates. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions model were fitted to identify factors associated with neonatal near miss. An adjusted odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significant. Result: Proportion of neonatal near miss was found to be 23.3 % with 95% CI: (19.1% -27.7%). Primiparous[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR):2.01, 95%CI:(1.03-3.95)], referral linkage [AOR:3.23, 95%CI:(1.89-5.513)], maternal perception of reduced fetal movement[AOR:5.95, 95%CI:2.47-14.33], premature rupture of membrane [AOR: 3.10, 95%CI: (1.27-5.59)], prolonged labor [AOR: 3.00, 95%CI:(1.28-7.06)], obstructed labor/cephalo-pelvic disproportion [AOR: 4.05; 95%CI: (1.55-10.57)] and non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern [AOR: 3.75, 95%CI: (1.69-8.33)] were significantly associated with neonatal near miss. Conclusion: Proportion of neonatal near miss in the study area was found to be higher than studies in WHO neonatal near miss systemic review. Strength referral linkage and efforts needed to continue compressive maternal and neonatal care to avoid preventable causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Association analysis of body mass index on ovarian response and pregnancy outcomes during IVF / ICSI treatment: a retrospective study in Southern Han Chinese Women
Authors: Li Li , Chen Yanhong , Zeng Chengli , Ou Weilin , Lin Zhifeng , Lin Weiyan , Liu Yangqi , Ke Li 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on cycle characteristics and in vitro fertilization / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF / ICSI) outcomes of a long down-regulation protocol in Southern Han Chinese women.

Methods

This retrospective, observational study included 5279 infertile women undergoing IVF / ICSI cycle with a long down-regulation protocol. All the patients were divided into four subgroups by the recommended Chinese BMI cut-off points: underweight, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; normal-weight, 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2; overweight, 24.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2; obese, BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2. The demographic data and biochemical tests of patients, the parameters related to the ovarian responsiveness to gonadotrophin stimulation, IVF / ICSI treatment characteristics and pregnancy outcomes (clinical pregnancy rate, spontaneous abortion rate and lived birth rate) were compared among BMI categories.

Results

The overweight and obese infertile patients required more priming gonadotropin, total gonadotropin and longer stimulation duration, and had the lower ovarian sensitivity index (OSI), lower serum progestogen (P) and estrogen (E2) on the day of HCG administration compared with the normal-weight women (P < 0.05). The overweight and obese patients had a higher spontaneous abortion rate than women in the normal-weight (13.59% vs. 10.28%, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1,90, P = 0.036; 17.58% vs.10.28%, OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.36, P = 0.023, respectively). The overweight and obese patients seemed to have lower clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study provides new epidemiological clues that the elevated BMI might impair ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation and increase the risk of spontaneous abortion during IVF / ICSI treatment.
The effect of early administration of rectal progesterone in IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies on the preterm birth rate: A randomized trial
Authors: Aboulghar Mona , El-Faissal Yahia , Kamel Ahmed , Islam Yomna , Mansour Ragaa , Aboulserour Gamal , Aboulghar Mohamed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The rate of multiple pregnancies in IVF/ICSI ranges from 20-30% . The incidence of preterm birth in multiple pregnancies is as high as 60% and is even higher in pregnancies conceived after IVF & ICSI. The effect of progesterone on prevention of preterm birth in twins is controversial . Our group has proven a positive effect in reduction of preterm birth ,by starting progesterone from the mid-trimester ,in exclusively IVF/ICSI singleton pregnancies but not twins. The purpose of our current study was to explore the effect of earlier administration of natural progesterone, in IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies starting at 11-14 weeks for prevention of preterm birth.
Methods: This is a double-blind, placebo controlled, single center, randomized clinical trial. Women with dichorionic twin gestations, following an IVF/ICSI trial were randomized to receive natural rectal progesterone (800 mg daily ) vs placebo, starting early from 11-14 weeks. They were randomized regardless of cervical length and had no previous history of preterm birth or known Mullerian anomalies. The primary outcome was, preterm birth rate <37 weeks. The secondary Outcome was; preterm birth <34,32,28 weeks and neonatal outcome.
Results: A total of 203 women were randomized to both groups, final analysis included 199 women as 4 were lost to follow up. The base line characteristics as well as gestational age at delivery were not significantly different between the study and the placebo group (34.7±3.6 vs 34.5±4.5, P=0.626). Progesterone administration was not associated with a significant decrease in the preterm birth rates <37 weeks (73.5% vs 68%, P = 0.551), <34 (20.6% vs 21.6%, P = 0.649), <32 (8.8% vs 12.4%, P = 0.46) & <28 (4.9 % vs 3.1 %, P = 0.555).
Conclusions: Rectal natural progesterone starting from the first trimester in IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies did not reduce preterm birth.
The trial was registered on 31 January 2014 at www.ISRCTN.com, 69810120.
Analysis of polymorphisms associated with base excision repair in patients susceptible and resistant to noise-induced hearing loss
Authors: Ding Enmin , Guo Jiadi , Sheng Rongjian , Chen Jian , Zhang Hengdong , zhu baoli 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective

We aim to investigate whether genetic mutations in three important base excision repair genes (OGG1, APEX1, and XRCC1) may influence susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss.

Methods

Three SNPs in OGG1, APEX1, and XRCC1 were genotyped from noise exposed workers who were classified into susceptible and resistant individuals. Results: Results showed that the rs1799782 TT genotype located in the XRCC1 coding region and rs1130409 GG/GT in the APEX1 coding region were associated with increased risk for noise-induced hearing loss. Compared to the rs1799782 C allele frequency, the T allele frequency increased in the sensitive group (OR = 1.51). Rs1130409 G allele frequency also increased in the sensitive group compared to the resistant group (OR = 1.59).

Conclusions

XRCC1 rs1799782 and APEX1 rs1130409 may have potential as biomarkers for screening susceptibility to NIHL in workers exposed severe noise.
Enabling routine β-Thalassemia Prevention and Patient Management by Scalable, Combined Thalassemia and Hemochromatosis mutation analysis
Authors: Hashmi Ghazala , Qidwai Asim , Fernandes Kristopher , Seul Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract:
Background : Beta (β)-thalassemia is one of the most common inherited disorders worldwide, with high prevalence in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and South Asia. Over the past 40 years, many countries have implemented awareness and prevention campaigns that have greatly reduced the incidence of affected child births. In contrast, much remains to be done in South-Asia. Thus, for Pakistan, current estimates of the number of children born with thalassemia are at ~7,000 per annum, with no sign of improvement. Although there is good agreement that intermarriage of carriers is a principal source of the high prevalence of the disorder, effective tools for screening and diagnosis on which to base prevention programs are not readily available.
Methods : Here, we present results for a novel “LeanSequencing” process to identify 18 β-thalassemia and related sickle cell anemia, and simultaneously a set of 3 hemochromatosis mutations in a multi-ethnic population of 274 pediatric and adolescent patients treated at Afzaal Memorial Thalassemia Foundation hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Results : We found substantial differences in the abundance of disease-causing mutations among the principal ethnic groups in our cohort. We also found the hemochromatosis mutation H63D C > G in 61 (or 22.1%) of our patients including 7 (or 2.6%) homozygotes.
Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first screen combining β-thalassemia and hemochromatosis mutations in a single test, so as to facilitate the early identification of patients who may be at increased potential risk for complications from iron overload and thereby to improve the prospective management of thalassemia patients.
Post-lingual non-syndromic hearing loss phenotype: a novel homozygous missense mutation in MITF
Authors: Khalil Athar , Karroum Samer Bou , Barake Rana , Dunya Gabriel , Abou-Rizk Samer , Kamar Amina , Nemer Georges , Bassim Marc 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Hearing loss (HL) represents the most common congenital sensory impairment with an incidence of 1-5 per 1000 live births. Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is an isolated finding that is not part of any other disorder accounting for 70% of all genetic hearing loss cases.

Methods

In the current study, we report a multifactorial genetic mode of inheritance in a NSHL consanguineous family using exome sequencing technology. We evaluated the possible effects of the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) detected in our patients using in silico methods.

Results

Two bi-allelic SNVs were detected in the affected patients; a MYO15A (. p.V485A) variant, and a novel MITF (p.P338L) variant. Along with these homozygous mutations, we detected two heterozygous variants in well described hearing loss genes (MYO7A and MYH14). The novel p. Pro338Leu missense mutation on the MITF protein was predicted to change the protein structure and function.

Conclusion

The novel MITF variant is the first bi-allelic SNV in this gene to be associated with an autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL case with a post-lingual onset. Our findings highlight the importance of whole exome sequencing for a comprehensive assessment of the genetic heterogeneity of HL.
Prevalence of Ceserean Section and Associated Factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Referal Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Solomon Abayneh Aklilu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract

Objective: cesarean section is the delivery of the fetus, placenta, and membranes through an incision on the abdominal and uterine walls after the fetus has reached viability. The world health organization (WHO) suggests the cesarean section (CS) rate between 5%-15%. Evidence suggested that the rate of CS is high in developing countries including Ethiopia. So the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cesarean section in the University of Gondar comprehensive referral hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2019

Result: The overall prevalence of cesarean section in Gondar university hospital was 29.7%. The most common indications of CS were non-reassurance fetal heart rate pattern (NRFHP) (17.8%) which was followed by previous CS scar (15.9%) and severe preeclampsia (12.1 %). Factors such as maternal educational status (AOR 2.89, CI (1.278-6.56), gravidity (AOR 3.259 CI (1.484-7.160), Ante Natal care (ANC) follow up (AOR 0.248, CI (0.083-0.739) and number of ANC follow up (AOR 5.17 CI (1.48-18.03) were associated with CS.

Keywords: prevalence, Caesarean section, University of Gondar Referral Hospital, laboring mothers, Ethiopia.
UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION AMONG WOMEN SEEKING ABORTION SERVICES IN HEALTH INSTITUTIONS OF DESSIE TOWN, NORTH EAST ETHIOPIA,2018
Authors: Feleke Asres Eshetie , Nigussie Tewdros Seyoum , Debele Tibeb Zena 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective

The aim of the study was to assess utilization and associated factors of emergency contraception among women seeking abortion services in Health Institutions of Dessie Town, North East Ethiopia, 2018.Results

Among the interviewed 784 women 400(51%) utilized emergency contraception. Women’s age [AOR: 2.10, (95% CI 1.200, 3.671)], residence [AOR: 2.02 (95% CI1.273, 3.218], marital status [AOR: 1.71, (95%CI: 1.176, 2.485)], knowledge of emergency contraception [AOR: 5.66, (95%CI: 3.976,8.070)], and attitude towards emergency contraception [AOR: 2.75(95%CI: 1.946, 3.881)] were significantly associated factors with the utilization of emergency contraceptives. The emphasis of health education on emergency contraceptives shall focus on those women who are from the rural area, older and married women.
Nutrition knowledge and Attitude in Medical Students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018
Authors: Dolatkhah Neda , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Khalili Azizeh Farshbaf , Hajifaraji Majid , Hashemian Maryam , Esmaeili Sepideh 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed at determining the nutritional knowledge and attitude of medical students through clinical training courses (externship and internship) of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A total of 220 medical students enrolled in this descriptive cross-sectional study through simple random sampling during 2017-2018. A nutritional knowledge questionnaire included 51 questions was used to determine the correct, perceived and accuracy of knowledge of the participant in different aspects of nutrition sciences. The questions of nutritional attitude were resulted from questionnaires of similar studies and valid books on nutrition. The attitude questionnaire included 29 questions. The nutrition knowledge and attitude questionnaire were confirmed in terms of the content and face validity and reliability. Results: The median knowledge score, median perceived knowledge and median accuracy knowledge score of the participants was 67.44%, 100% and 66.22% respectively. Results showed that most of the participants (49.61% of externs and 57.14% of inters) had a poor knowledge. The highest level of students' knowledge was in the field of general nutrition. The mean [SD] attitude index of the subjects was 107.12 [13.54] out of 145. Most students had a very appropriate attitude toward nutrition with a frequency of 204 (92.7%).
Nitrogen Nutrition Indicators in Corn Fertilized with Different Urea‐Nitrogen Forms
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ziadi Noura , Bélanger Gilles 
Published: August 2019

Plant‐ or soil‐based N nutrition indicators have been tested with conventional N fertilizers, but little has been done with enhanced‐efficiency urea‐N fertilizers applied only at planting. This study aimed at analyzing the performance of in‐season plant‐ and soil‐based indicators in assessing the N nutrition status of corn (Zea mays L.). The N nutrition index (NNI) based on whole‐plant N concentration, the uppermost collared leaf N concentration, chlorophyll meter (CM) readings, soil NO3‒–N fluxes on exchange membranes, and soil NO3‒–N content were measured during the growing season in corn fertilized at planting with polymer‐coated urea, nitrification inhibitor urea, and granular dry urea at 0, 75, and 150 kg N ha‒1. The NNI values at the V12 stage explained a significant portion of the variations in grain yield due to urea forms and rates (R2 = 0.83). Leaf N concentration and relative CM readings from the V8 to V12 stages were significantly related to NNI (R2 = 0.47 – 0.90), indicating the sensitivity of those measurements to changes in soil N availability due to urea forms. Soil NO3‒–N content at the V12 stage was poorly related to NNI, but soil NO3‒–N fluxes at the V6 and V12 stages were related to NNI at the V12 stage (R2 = 0.42–0.61). Our results confirm that, with three urea sources applied at planting, NNI at the V12 stage as well as leaf N concentration and relative CM readings are reliable indicators of the level of N nutrition during the corn growing season.Core Ideas

Plant‐based nutrition indicators were sensitive to soil N availability changes due to urea forms.
The NNI at the V12 corn stage largely explained variations in grain yield.
Leaf N concentration and relative CM readings at the V8 to V12 stages were related to the NNI.
Plant‐based nutrition indicators are reliable indicators of the level of corn N nutrition.
Endüstriyel Ham Madde Atıklarının Dolgu Malzemesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliği
Authors: KARAKILÇIK Gül , TÜRKMEN Sedat 
Published: August 2019

Son yıllarda ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak, endüstriyel katı atıkların miktarı ve çeşidi giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel katı atıkların değerlendirilmesi, ham madde olarak yeniden kullanılması ve tekrar ekonomiye kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, cam ham madde atığı (şlam) belli oranlarda kil malzemeyle karıştırılmış ve dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca uçucu külün, kil malzemeyle karıştırılması sonucu elde edilen özellikler özetlenmiştir. Mersin İli, Akdeniz İlçesi, Sarıibrahimli Mahallesi bölgesinde bulunan Trakya Cam Fabrikası’na ait cam ham madde atığı (şlam) malzemesi, yine aynı bölgede yer alan ÇİMSA çimento ham maddesi ve Yumurtalık İsken Fabrikası’ndan çıkan uçucu kül malzemesi bu makalenin çalışma konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Aris Aishairma , Khalid Mohd Zulhilmy Md , Yahaya Hasnah , Yoong Lee Onn , Ying Ng Qiu 
Published: August 2019

Background::
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a preventable condition. Targeting those who are at
risk of getting this disease is essential.

Objective::
To examine T2D risk among university students in Malaysia and determine its relationship
with socio-demographic characteristics and physical activity.

Methods::
The study was conducted cross-sectionally on 390 students selected using quota sampling
method from 13 faculties in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A short form of the International Physical
Activity Questionnaire and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score were used to measure the physical activity and
T2D risk.

Results::
The T2D risk was found to be low (M = 5.23, SD = 3.32) with more than two-third of the student
population at the low risk level while a significant proportion of 23.8%, 5.6% and 0.3% having
slightly elevated, moderate and high risk respectively. The T2D risk was significantly related to their
age (rho = 0.197, p < 0.000), gender (U = 12641, p = 0.011), ethnic group (Χ2 = 18.86, p < 0.000),
marital status (Χ2 = 6.597, p = 0.037), residence (U = 10345, p = 0.008), academic year (Χ2 = 14.24, p =
0.007) and physical activity (rho = -0.205, p < 0.000 and Χ2 = 13.515, p = 0.001). Of these, only age
(β=0.130) and physical activity (β=-0.159) remained significant in the regression analysis.

Conclusion::
The findings call for a radical change in the nursing practice to target the amendable factors
that are significant in order to prevent the progression of the risk towards type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of Sertraline with Rifampin in the treatment of Cholestatic Pruritus: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ataei Sara , Kord Leila , Larki Amir , Yasrebifar Fatemeh , Mehrpooya Maryam , Seyedtabib Maryam , Hasanzarrini Maryam 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Pruritus is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of liver disease
such as Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Cholestyramine, rifampin,
opioid antagonists, antihistaminic agents and SSRIs are used for the management of pruritus. Due to
rifampin drug interactions as well as its serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity, clinicians are endeavoruing
to find a safer and a more effective substitution.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of sertraline with rifampin
in the management of cholestatic pruritus.

Methods:
In a single-blinded randomized clinical trial a total of 36 patients of PSC and PBC were
divided into two equal groups, one group received 100 mg/day sertraline and the other group received
rifampin 300 mg/day for 4 weeks. Visual analog scale was used to record pruritus severity at
baseline and 4 weeks after drug intervention, also, ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin of all patients
were measured at three different time points.

Results:
Over the follow-up period, pruritus had relieved in both groups, but there was no significant
differences between sertraline and rifampin in pruritus management (pvalue=0.740), also there was no
significant difference between the two intervention strategies (A versus B) in total bilirubin level
(pvalue=0.106). Moreover, the ALT, AST and ALP levels were found to be significantly different between
the two groups (Pvalue˂0.01).

Conclusion:
There is no difference between sertraline and rifampin in pruritus improvement, but sertraline
has less adverse effects on hepatobiliary enzyme levels, so it seems to be safer than rifampin.