bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid cancer risk in women with infertility and association with fertility medications in Taiwan
Authors: Ding Dah‐Ching , Chen Weishan , Wang Jen‐Hung , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Sung Fung‐Chang 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe current study evaluated whether the risk of developing thyroid cancer in Asian women was associated with infertility and the use of fertility drugs.MethodsThe authors conducted a large, retrospective cohort study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. From the insurance claims data, a total of 13,356 women aged 20 to 49 years who were diagnosed with infertility from 2000 through 2013 were included in the infertile group, and 53,424 women without a history of infertility were selected as fertile comparisons and were frequency matched by age and year of diagnosis. Both groups were followed up to 2013 to calculate incident thyroid cancer. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsThe incidence of thyroid cancer was 1.9‐fold greater in the infertile group compared with the comparison group (2.85 vs 1.53 per 10,000 person‐years), with an adjusted IRR of 1.80 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.70‐1.92) for the infertile group. Higher cancer incidence was demonstrated for the infertile group after 7 years of follow‐up, with an adjusted IRR of 4.39 (95% CI, 4.03‐4.78) compared with the comparison group. Among infertile women, those who had taken the fertility drug clomiphene were found to have a reduced incidence of thyroid cancer compared with those who were treated without the drug (2.69 vs 3.42 per 10,000 person‐years), with an adjusted IRR of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75‐0.99). However, the cancer incidence in infertile women being treated with clomiphene was nearly 6‐fold greater than that in fertile women taking the drug.ConclusionsThe results of the current study provide evidence that women with infertility are at an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.
One Pot Synthesis of Amphiphilic Carbogenic Fluorescent Nanodots for Bioimaging
Authors: Rao Chethana , Singh Ashutosh , Verma Navneet Chandra , Garg Neha , Nandi Chayan Kanti 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarbogenic fluorescent nanodots (FND) have recently drawn increasing attention in bioimaging. This is mainly due to their unique attractive photoluminescence properties. Although a vast number of reports are available, amphiphilic FND (aFND) are scarcely reported. In addition, the synthetic methods for amphiphilic FND are either tedious multistep processes or in most cases require additional surface passivation. Here, for the first time, using Maillard reaction protocol, we report an easy one pot synthesis aFND using sucrose and diaminooctane as the main precursors. The amphiphilic nature could be regulated easily upon changing the diaminooctane concentration. We demonstrate that the greater the hydrophobic nature in aFND, the more cell‐penetrating capability is observed. Flow cytometry measurements quantitatively show the fast live cell internalisation of the aFND inside HeLa cells. All the above features mark the excellent bio‐compatibility of aFND and give insight into its use as an excellent bioimaging tool.
Riboflavin as a Bioorganic Solar Fuel: Photoredox Chemistry Rationalized and Accelerated in a Miniaturized Flow Photoreactor
Authors: Lin Lyangya , Xie Kaihui , Beaucamp Mathieu , Job Nathalie , Penhoat Maël 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the depletion of fossil‐fuel‐based energies and the corresponding growing environmental concerns, the design of new strategies to store renewable solar energy is highly attractive. Herein, we studied a biomimetic organic solar fuel (Riboflavin – Vitamin B2) to photochemically store solar light into its amphoteric form (leucodeuteroflavin), working as a charge carrier towards a flow fuel cell. We demonstrate that miniaturization of the photoreactor permits significant reduction of the full time solar charge. Nevertheless, due to inherent leucodeuteroflavin (LDH2) degradation into lumichrome (LC), the maximum system charge (at pH=5) is limited to 13 % corresponding to a maximum power density of 0.11 mW cm−2 after 90 min. In comparison with other described photoredox electroactive systems (e. g. polyoxometalates, quinones), organic solar fuels based on flavins appear particularly promising and their chemical structure should be optimized to fit both photostability and economical requirements. In any case, this study enables a clear rationalization and quantification of the mechanism of riboflavin degradation under anaerobic conditions, which has been the topic of many discussions during the last century, and opens the way towards the development of a new generation of low‐cost renewable organic solar fuels.
Stereoinformation Relay: Coupling Diastereoselectivity of a Thermal Diels‐Alder Reaction with the Photochemical Ring‐Closure of Diarylethenes
Authors: Broi Kevin , Fuhrmann Anne , Dallmann André , Berger Fabian , Hecht Stefan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractControlling the stereochemistry, ideally in a reversible manner using external stimuli, is of great importance and appeal for biomedical and materials applications. By incorporating a Diels‐Alder adduct into one of the heteroaromatic rings of a diarylethene, we were able to transfer theexoselectivity of the thermal Diels‐Alder reaction upon photocyclization, leading to the preferred formation of one ring‐closedexodiastereomer in a diastereomeric ratio of 90 : 10. The structures of both ring‐closedexoisomers were assigned based on 2D NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. As indicated by both experimental and computational results, the conformational equilibrium of the Diels‐Alder adducts was kinetically trapped in the ring‐closed diarylethenes, leading to successful transfer of stereoinformation. The combination of thermal cycloaddition and photochemical cyclization steps and their associated diastereoselectivity provides ample opportunities to remotely control the transfer of stereoinformation and materials properties with light.
Landscape genetics reveal broad and fine‐scale population structure due to landscape features and climate history in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in North Dakota
Authors: Waraniak Justin M. , Fisher Justin D. L. , Purcell Kevin , Mushet David M. , Stockwell Craig A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrehistoric climate and landscape features play large roles structuring wildlife populations. The amphibians of the northern Great Plains of North America present an opportunity to investigate how these factors affect colonization, migration, and current population genetic structure. This study used 11 microsatellite loci to genotype 1,230 northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) from 41 wetlands (30 samples/wetland) across North Dakota. Genetic structure of the sampled frogs was evaluated using Bayesian and multivariate clustering methods. All analyses produced concordant results, identifying a major east–west split between two R. pipiens population clusters separated by the Missouri River. Substructuring within the two major identified population clusters was also found. Spatial principal component analysis (sPCA) and variance partitioning analysis identified distance, river basins, and the Missouri River as the most important landscape factors differentiating R. pipiens populations across the state. Bayesian reconstruction of coalescence times suggested the major east–west split occurred ~13–18 kya during a period of glacial retreat in the northern Great Plains and substructuring largely occurred ~5–11 kya during a period of extreme drought cycles. A range‐wide species distribution model (SDM) for R. pipiens was developed and applied to prehistoric climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kya) and the mid‐Holocene (6 kya) from the CCSM4 climate model to identify potential refugia. The SDM indicated potential refugia existed in South Dakota or further south in Nebraska. The ancestral populations of R. pipiens in North Dakota may have inhabited these refugia, but more sampling outside the state is needed to reconstruct the route of colonization. Using microsatellite genotype data, this study determined that colonization from glacial refugia, drought dynamics in the northern Great Plains, and major rivers acting as barriers to gene flow were the defining forces shaping the regional population structure of R. pipiens in North Dakota.
Investigating the role ofOsirisgenes inDrosophila sechellialarval resistance to a host plant toxin
Authors: Lanno Stephen M. , Shimshak Serena J. , Peyser Rubye D. , Linde Samuel C. , Coolon Joseph D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe underlying genetic basis of adaptive phenotypic changes is generally poorly understood, yet a growing number of case studies are beginning to shed light on important questions about the molecular nature and pleiotropy of such changes. We useDrosophila sechellia, a dietary specialist fruit fly that evolved to specialize on a single toxic host plant,Morinda citrifolia, as a model for adaptive phenotypic change and seek to determine the genetic basis of traits associated with host specialization in this species. The fruit ofM. citrifoliais toxic to other drosophilids, primarily due to high levels of the defense chemical octanoic acid (OA), yetD. sechelliahas evolved resistance to OA. Our prior work identified threeOsirisfamily genes that reside in a fine‐mapped QTL for OA resistance:Osiris 6(Osi6),Osi7, andOsi8, which can alter OA resistance in adultD. melanogasterwhen knocked down with RNA interference suggesting they may contribute to OA resistance inD. sechellia. Genetic mapping identified overlapping genomic regions involved in larval and adult OA resistance inD. sechellia, yet it remains unknown whetherOsirisgenes contribute to resistance in both life stages. Furthermore, because multiple genomic regions contribute to OA resistance, we aim to identify other gene(s) involved in this adaptation. Here, we identify candidate larval OA resistance genes using RNA sequencing to measure genome‐wide differential gene expression inD. sechellialarvae after exposure to OA and functionally test identified genes for a role in OA resistance. We then test theOsirisgenes previously shown to alter adult OA resistance for effects on OA resistance in larvae. We found thatOsi8knockdown decreased OA resistance inD. melanogasterlarvae. These data suggest that evolved changes inOsi8could impact OA resistance in multiple life stages whileOsi6andOsi7may only impact adult resistance to OA.
Effects of river damming on ground‐dwelling arthropods along riparian–upland habitats
Authors: Wang Kehong , Yuan Xingzhong , Wu Shuaikai , Zhang Guanxiong , Liu Hong , Zhou Lilei , Zhang Mengjie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRiver damming is one of the most serious anthropogenic disturbances impacting river ecosystems. Little is known about the consequences of river damming on ground‐dwelling arthropods, although they represent a functionally important component of riverine ecosystems because they provide an essential link between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We investigated the effects of river damming on the composition and structure of arthropod communities in the Baijia Stream located in the centre of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Our results revealed that (a) river damming modified the community composition of riparian arthropods, as 24 taxa disappeared and 11 taxa colonized the new habitat after damming; (b) river damming altered the community structure of arthropods because higher richness and abundance of arthropods were recorded in the regulated section, especially for predators, detritivores, and herbivores; and (c) river damming altered the lateral distribution along riparian–upland gradients and the temporal dynamics of arthropod communities. Interestingly, upland habitats of streams supported more species than the riparian habitat in the regulated section, suggesting that uplands may become an important habitat for riparian species after river damming. Although higher total abundance and richness and higher abundance of some feeding guilds of arthropods were observed in the regulated section, the negative effects of river damming on biodiversity are addressed in this paper. Thus, ground‐dwelling arthropods appear to be sensitive indicators of the ecological effects of river damming. Assessment of the consequences of river damming and dam management plans should consider ground‐dwelling arthropod communities in associated riparian and upland habitats.
Locoregional failures and their relation to radiation fields following stereotactic body radiotherapy boost for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Baker Sarah , Verduijn Gerda , Petit Steven , Nuyttens Joost J , Sewnaik Aniel , van der Lugt Aad , Heemsbergen Wilma D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the location of recurrences with respect to the radiation fields in oropharynx cancer after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost.MethodsLocal and regional recurrences were delineated on diagnostic scans which were rigidly coregistered with treatment planning scans, then classified based on the location of the center of mass (COM) as well as volumetrically.ResultsIn 195 patients, the 5‐year local and regional control were 90% and 93%, respectively. By COM, 76% of local recurrences were in‐field; 24% were out‐of‐field, significantly higher than 0%‐5% in the literature for conventional regimens (P < 0.01). Regional recurrences (19 in 12 patients) were largely within unirradiated neck levels (47%) and electively irradiated regions (42%).ConclusionsThe regimen with biological equivalent dose intensification provides excellent overall and in‐field local control. The highly conformal boost technique was, however, associated with increased out‐of‐field local failure.
Classics in Their Own “Words”: Analytical Remixes in a Land of Essays
Authors: Baize Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe author shares his experience in effecting change in anAPEnglish Literature and Composition course by employing book trailers as an assessment. Using multimodal responses fostered a shared classroom space that combined the students’ preferred, everyday communicative modes with the canonical literature study required by the curriculum. This inclusive space proved valuable in helping a diverse group of students produce competent literary analyses and in scaffolding their comfort and efficacy with the language of literature study.
The antileukemic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its related molecular targets: A mini review
Authors: Moradzadeh Maliheh , Kalani Mohamad Reza , Avan Amir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSaffron (Crocus sativus L.), and its main constituents, crocin, and crocetin have shown promising effects as an antileukemic agent in animal models and cell culture systems. Saffron retards the growth of cancer cells via inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and enhancing antioxidative system. It can induce apoptosis and chemosensitivity via inhibiting multidrug resistance proteins. Saffron also induces differentiation pathways via inhibiting promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor‐α, histone deacetylase1, and tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase‐1 as well. The present review highlights the most recent findings on the antileukemic effects of saffron and its underlying molecular targets. The emerging evidence suggests that saffron has a selective toxicity effect against leukemic cells while is safe for the normal cells.
Passage‐dependent expression of STRO‐1 in human gingival mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Ranga Rao Suresh , Subbarayan Rajasekaran 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe expression of STRO‐1, the essential mesenchymal stem cell marker, was found to decrease with advancing passages in few tissues. Because STRO‐1 was identified and isolated from human gingiva, we were interested to know its status after a few passages. Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (HGMSCs) were isolated from human gingiva. Flow cytometry was carried out with STRO‐1, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) positive marker CD73, and negative marker CD34/CD45. Samples were also subjected to CD90 and STRO‐1 immunofluorescence staining. Gene expression was carried out for transcription factors OCT‐4, NANOG, and NESTIN. The results showed a gradual decrease in STRO‐1 and transcription factor expression with an increase in passage numbers. MSC positive marker CD73 was consistently expressed in all the passages. Negative markers were absent in all the passages. We conclude that STRO‐1 may be a useful marker to isolate undifferentiated (potent) mesenchymal cells from gingiva.
microRNA‐135a protects against myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats by targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
Authors: Wang Sheng , Cheng Zhaoyun , Chen Xianjie , Xue Huanzhou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractmicroRNAs are an emerging class of molecules that regulate pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Here we aim to elucidate the effects and mechanism of miR‐135a, a previously reported regulator of ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, in myocardial I/R injury. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression level of miR‐135a was significantly decreased both in the rat I/R group and H9c2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Overexpression of miR‐135a in vivo markedly decreased the infarct size and inhibited the I/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Overexpression of miR‐135a in H9c2 also exerted antiapoptosis effects. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity, and the Western blot assay indicated that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a direct target of miR‐135a. In addition, the expression of proapoptotic‐related genes, such as p53, Bax, and cleaved caspase3, were decreased in association with the downregulation of PTP1B. In summary, this study demonstrates that miR‐135a exerts protective effects against myocardial I/R injury by targeting PTP1B.
LncRNA UCA1/miR‐124 axis modulates TGFβ1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and invasion of tongue cancer cells through JAG1/Notch signaling
Authors: Zhang Tong‐han , Liang Li‐zhong , Liu Xiao‐ling , Wu Ji‐nan , Su Kui , Chen Jue‐yao , Zheng Qiao‐yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTongue cancer remains a massive threat to public health due to the high rate of metastasis. Tumor cell epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), which can be induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), has been regarded as a significant contributor to cancer invasion and migration. In our previous study, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1/miR‐124/JAG1 axis modulates the growth of tongue cancer. In addition to metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), another lncRNA, urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1), can promote EMT and cancer metastasis. In the present study, UCA1 was overexpressed in tongue cancer tissues and cell lines. UCA1 overexpression was correlated to the poorer prognosis of patients with tongue cancer. UCA1 knockdown significantly suppressed TGFβ1‐induced tongue cancer cell invasion and EMT by decreasing vimentin and increasing E‐cadherin. Regarding the molecular mechanism, UCA1 could directly bind to microRNA‐124 (miR‐124) and negatively regulate each other. UCA1 knockdown ameliorated, whereas miR‐124 inhibition exacerbated TGFβ1‐induced EMT and invasion in tongue cancer cells through miR‐124 downstream jagged 1 (JAG1) and Notch signaling. Moreover, miR‐124 inhibition partially impaired the effect of UCA1 knockdown. In tongue cancer tissues, miR‐124 expression was remarkably decreased, whereas JAG1 mRNA expression was increased. miR‐124 was negatively correlated with UCA1 and JAG1. UCA1 and JAG1 were positively correlated. In summary, we provided a novel mechanism by which the EMT process and cancer cell invasion in tongue cancer could be modulated from the perspective of lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulation.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐modified macrophages accelerate reendothelialization and attenuate neointima formation after arterial injury in atherosclerosis‐prone mice
Authors: Yan Dan , Zhang Danna , Lu Lili , Qiu Hui , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising molecule for cardiovascular diseases therapy. But lack of a targeted delivery system limits its translation into clinical application. This study aimed to develop stably overexpressing VEGF macrophages for targeted VEGF delivery to injured arteries and determine their potential for repairing of the damaged endothelium. Wire‐induced carotid artery injury model was established in atherosclerosis‐prone mice. It was observed that the VEGF‐modified macrophages were recruited to the site of vascular injury and incorporated into new endothelium formation. VEGF‐modified macrophages therapy accelerated reendothelialization and attenuated neointima formation. The VEGF protein level in tissues of injured arteries treated with VEGF‐modified macrophages was increased. The upregulated C‐C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and unaltered CCR2 protein levels were verified in VEGF‐modified macrophages in vitro. Moreover, enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in the culture medium of VEGF‐modified macrophages was demonstrated. Our results indicated that VEGF‐modified macrophages acted as vectors of VEGF targeting injured arteries, promoting the repairing directly by incorporating into new endothelium formation and indirectly by secreting sustainable VEGF and producing NO locally. This study represents a novel therapeutic application of targeted cell therapy with VEGF‐modified macrophages for cardiovascular diseases.