bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOZ047.118: Surgical treatment of children with button battery injury
Authors: Razumovsky A , Stepanenko N , Kulikova N , Strizhova D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The foreign body of the esophagus—button battery causes severe changes of the esophagus. Ingestion of large-sized button batteries (≥20 mm) in children younger than 4 years is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The most serious complication is the perforation of the esophagus or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), which may require a long-term multistage surgical treatment. Other issues that can be caused by button battery injury are esophageal stenosis and laryngeal paralysis. There are 40 children with esophageal injuries who were treated in Filatov Children Hospital between 2011 and 2019. Among them, several children did not need surgical treatment at all (40%), but five patients (12.5%) needed colon transposition. Button battery injury also causes reversible or irreversible damage of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which required complex reconstructive operations on the larynx and trachea.

Patients and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients with different types of injury after button battery removal. The average age of the patients was 1 year and 8 months. A total of 16 patients (40%) have had no esophageal or laryngeal pathology after button battery removal. Six patients (15%) developed esophageal stenosis. Two patients (5%) had esophageal perforations. Sixteen patients (40%) developed TEF. Bivocal chord paralysis was identified in 10 patients (25%).

Results
Esophageal dilations were performed in five patients (12.5%). Eight patients (20%) underwent laparoscopic fundoplication and gastrostomy. Spontaneous TEF closure formed in four patients (10%). Ten patients (25%) underwent different types of reconstructive surgeries in different periods after battery removal. Among eight patients (20%) who underwent early reconstructive surgeries three (7.5%) developed different complications, which require esophageal replacements. Tracheostomy was performed in 11 children (27.5%), five (12.5%) of whom required reconstructive surgery on the larynx. There was no mortality in our observation.

Conclusion
In this study, we conclude that TEF after button battery removal can close spontaneously and should not be operated in the acute period. Fundoplication and gastrostomy and tracheostomy can be procedures of choice in these patients. Also recurrent nerve injuries can be unstable. They can cause severe injuries of esophagus, trachea, and larynx, which can require esophageal replacement and vocal chord lateralization procedures with long-term and multiple-stage treatment.
DOZ047.120: The role of proton-pump inhibitors in eosinophilic esophagitis: focus on esophageal atresia children
Authors: Tambucci R , Rea F , Malamisura M , Torroni F , Romeo E F , Faraci S , Angelino G , di Abriola G F , Guerra L , Caldaro T , Contini A C I , Balassone V , Riccardi C , Mennini M , Fiocchi A , Valfrè L , Dall’Oglio L , De Angelis P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Since recently, after detection of eosinophilic predominant inflammation of esophagus a trial with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) was needed to individuate children with PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE), only those non-responders received eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) diagnosis. In 2018 updated international consensus suggested removing the PPI trial as a diagnostic criterion and consider PPIs as a treatment together with diets and topical steroids. The role of PPIs is evaluated in children with esophageal atresia (EA) and EoE versus EoE from general population.

Method
A retrospective chart review of both children with EA and EoE followed-up from at January 2005 has been performed. According to ESPGHAN guidelines published in 2014 patients showing eosinophilic inflammation received high-dose PPI trial to identified PPI-REE. Those non-responders were labeled as EoE and underwent to dietary and/or topical steroid treatment. Demographics and disease characteristics of EA patients with EoE were analyzed and compared with those with EoE from general population.

Results
Overall, 370 EA and 118 EoE patients were analyzed. Of them 15 EA-EoE patients were detected. Consequently, in our cohorts, 4.0% of EA patients developed EoE. Male-to-female prevalence ratio was of 2.55 with no difference in gender prevalence between groups. At diagnosis EoE-EA children were significantly younger compared to EoE group (mean: 5.1 vs 10.8 years; P < 0.0001). Peak EOS/HPF at diagnosis did not differ between groups (50.1 ± 26 vs 59.8 ± 29 EOS/HPF). No difference was observed in allergy prevalence between groups (53.8 vs 68.0%). PPI-REE was significantly more prevalent in EA-EoE group that in EoE group (66.6% vs 19.4%; P = 0.0004).

Conclusion
Similar gender distribution and high prevalence of allergy suggest that common genetic susceptibility factors for EoE exist. However, high prevalence of PPI-REE coupled early EoE onset might also suggest that other factors (e.g. esophageal motility disorders) might play a physiopathological role in EoE development in EA children. Our study suggests that a stepwise approach with PPIs as a first-line treatment for EoE management in EA children should still be considered.
DOZ047.25: Do growth and nutrition influence quality of life in adolescents with esophageal atresia?
Authors: Birketvedt K , Mikkelsen A , Møinichen U I , Henriksen C , Diseth T H , Boye B , Malt U , Mørkrid L , Jsselstijn H I , Emblem R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aim
Adolescents with esophageal atresia (EA) may experience reduced quality of life (QOL) and impaired physical or general health. The aim of this study was to assess health-related QOL in adolescents in relation to physical development.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-four EA patients born 1996–2002 and their mothers were identified and enrolled. Twenty-six patients died, 6 excluded; thus 102 were invited. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records. Present physical development was assessed according to national growth references, by height for age (SDS-HFA) and body mass index (SDS-BMI). Energy intake (kcal/kg) was estimated by analysis of 4-day dietary records. Any anamnestic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) were registered. EAT-10 questionnaire (modified) was used to assess swallowing difficulties. Participation in any organized spare time activities was registered. Health-related QOL assessment was performed by the age-specific PedsQL 4.0 generic cores scales including proxy-reports. Correlation is reported by Spearman' R.

Main Results
Among the 102 patients, 13 older than 18 years were excluded and 34 refused. 55/102 (54%) adolescents with their mothers were included after informed consent (59% boys). Median SDS-HFA was −0.53 (−4.56–1.77), median SDS-BMI 0.16 (−3.91–3.10). Median energy intake was low, 32 kcal/kg (20–69 kcal/kg), compared to the normal range for this age group (43–59 kcal/kg). Only 31/55 (56%) participated in organized activities compared to 80% in a corresponding healthy group. The PedsQL total score and sub score physical health (both for adolescent and for proxy) correlated significantly to GER symptoms (r = -0.461, P < 0.001) and dysphagia assessed by EAT-10 (r = −0.329, P = 0.015). The PedsQL total score did not correlate with SDS-HFA, SDS-BMI, energy intake, or participation in organized activities.

Conclusion
The presence of dysphagia and GER symptoms seem to influence health-related QOL, with a negative impact on the physical domain. Physical development and energy intake were not related to quality of life.
DOZ047.40: Bronchopulmonary and vascular anomalies are frequent in children with esophageal atresia
Authors: Lejeune S , Mee A L , Petyt L , Mordacq C , Sfeir R , Gottrand F , Fayoux P , Deschildre A , Michaud L , Thumerelle C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Esophageal atresia (EA) is frequently associated with other malformations although few data are available.

Objective
Describe tracheobronchial, pulmonary and/or vascular malformations in patients with EA using chest CT scans.

Methods
Monocentric retrospective study in children with EA, born between 1996 and 2013, who had a CT scan during their follow-up, reviewed by a pediatric radiologist.

Results
Among 234 children with EA, 48 patients underwent a CT scan available for interpretation, among which 69% were performed to explore persistent respiratory symptoms. Thirty-nine children (81%) were type III EA, 13 (27%) had a VACTERL association. Six patients (13%) had a pulmonary malformation: 4 lobar agenesis, 1 right pulmonary aplasia, and 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. All these patients presented with at least one associated malformation. Combined with the results of laryngotracheal endoscopy (n = 30), 43 patients (90%) had a tracheobronchial anomaly: tracheomalacia for 40 (83%), tracheal stenosis for 12 (25%), right tracheal bronchus for 2 (4%), communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation for 1 (2%). Combined with the results of echocardiography (n = 47), 7 patients (15%) had an isolated vascular anomaly, 8 (17%) had an isolated congenital heart disease and 7 (15%) had both. CT scans permitted the diagnosis of 6 pulmonary malformations (13%), 15 tracheobronchial anomalies (31%), and 2 vascular anomalies (4%). Only one patient (2%) in our study presented with an isolated EA.

Conclusion
Our study confirms the association of tracheobronchial, pulmonary, and vascular anomalies in patients with EA. Contrast-enhanced CT scan is complementary to echocardiography and laryngotracheal endoscopy in the exploration of persistent respiratory symptoms.
DOZ047.52: A single institutional experience with congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Durakbasa C U , Oskayli M C , Ozatman E , Ugurlu D , Mutus H M , Aydoner S , Erkoc G , Pirim A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aim
This study presents a single institutional experience with H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (H-TEF).

Methods
Esophageal atresia (EA) patients who underwent primary surgery in a single center between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated.

Results
Among 110 EA patients, 7 (6.4%) had H-TEF. There were 5 males and 2 females. The primary complaints were choking, cyanosis, and/or apnea with feeding, swallowing difficulty, recurrent bronchopneumonia, or bile in endotracheal tube. The relevant symptoms began during neonatal period with varying degrees of severity in all. The initial diagnosis was proximal esophageal web as demonstrated by contrast swallow and endoscopy in one patient; H-TEF was diagnosed during the course of treatment for the web. Hydrocephalus with severe neurological sequela unrelated to H-TEF and cardiac malformation were present in one. Contrast esophagography was employed in three patients for diagnosis two of which were diagnostic. All underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy. Delayed diagnosis (after 30 days of life) occurred in five (71%). The median age at operation was 3.8 months (11 days–33 months). The level of the fistulas was between C5 and T3. Preoperative bronchoscopic cannulation was successful in all but one. The operation was done via a right cervical approach in six patients and thoracotomy in one. All patients were followed up for at least one year and there was one recurrence detected five months after the first operation. She underwent a secondary surgery with a successful outcome. Right vocal cord paralysis was detected postoperatively in the patient with hydrocephalus.

Conclusions
H-TEF is a rare subtype of EA malformations with a delay in diagnosis in most cases. Suggestive clinical findings, especially neonatal respiratory symptoms should always be regarded as an indication for further investigations. Although contrast esophagograms may reveal the diagnosis, bronchoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic test in our practice. It should be done preoperatively in every patient not only for diagnostic confirmation but also for cannulation of the fistula to ease the operation. H-TEF might be considered a relatively innocent EA variant but its surgery is not devoid of complications. The patients should be followed up for recurrence and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury on the long term.
DOZ047.54: Fundoplication outcomes in children with esophageal atresia
Authors: Chung E , van Lennep M , Saoji R , Jiwane A , Oomen M W N , van Wijk M P , Krishnan U 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
In esophageal atresia (EA) patients, cumulative risk of having a fundoplication ranges from 0% to 45%, with long gap patients with recurrent strictures at even higher risk. However, there are no controlled trials evaluating the outcomes postfundoplication. We hypothesized that children with EA undergoing fundoplication will suffer from more postoperative dysphagia compared to non-EA patients as the fundoplication increases the resistance to esophageal bolus flow, which is already hampered by abnormal motility.

Aims
Our study aimed to compare outcomes in EA patients with age- and sex-matched control patients postfundoplication.

Methods
This was an international multicenter retrospective cohort study. All EA patients who had fundoplication between 2006 and 2017 during this period were included. Data were also collected from age- and sex-matched children without EA who underwent fundoplication.

Results
A total of 40 EA patients had fundoplication during this period. Of the EA patients 82.5% were type C, and 82.5% were long gap. Table 1 compares EA patients with controls. Significantly more EA patients were failing to thrive, on nasogastric/gastrostomy feeds at time of surgery and needed gastrostomy placement at time of fundoplication compared to controls. A total of 17.5% of EA patients developed infection and 22.5% a leak postfundoplication. EA patients had postoperative dysphagia and oral aversion significantly more often than controls. Of 90% of EA patients had recurrence of gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms, 35% had recurrent strictures, 5% had a new diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis postfundoplication. Median time to symptom recurrence was 64 days (12–165 days), 90% were back on PPI and 7.5% had redofundoplication.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to examine postfundoplication outcomes in EA patients and compare these with a matched control group. EA patients had significantly more dysphagia and oral aversion postfundoplication and majority were back on PPI within two months of surgery. Based on these data, the role of fundoplication in EA patients should be reconsidered. Prospective data are urgently needed.
DOZ047.99: A unique case of ‘esophageal trachea’ requiring a multistep sequential surgical reconstruction
Authors: Tambucci R , Wautelet O , François G , Haenecour A , Goubau C , Scheers I , de Toeuf C , Schmitz S , Menten R , Pirotte T , D’hondt B , Reding R , Poncelet A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations (CBPFMs) have been defined by Srikanth et al. in 1992 as a fistula between a portion of respiratory tissue and esophagus/stomach. Four types of CBPFMs have been described, none of those contemplating a complete communication between the distal trachea and esophagus.

Case Report
This study reports a case of a full-term neonate presenting with a VACTERL association and a tracheoesophageal malformation characterized by the presence of a long common duct including both the middle esophagus and distal trachea, which consists in esophageal tissue, without any cartilaginous rings 3–4 cm above the carina. A few days after birth, the esophagus and trachea have been surgically separated, keeping the common duct on the tracheal side and creating a residual long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA). The resulting severe tracheomalacia has been simultaneously treated by posterior splinting using an autologous pericardium patch, as well as by anterior aortopexy. A terminal esophagostomy and a gastrostomy have been created to postpone esophageal reconstruction. Since the age of 18 months, delayed repair of LGEA has been performed by using a multistep strategy consisting of a combination of Kimura extrathoracic esophageal elongations and distal stump Foker external traction. Since no cartilaginous rings were present, refractory tracheomalacia has been further treated by a tracheoplasty through a combined median sternotomy and tracheoscopy approach at the age of 3 years by using a semitubular rigid Gore-Tex® prosthesis for an anterior external stenting. Today, 9 months after last surgery, complete weaning from respiratory support has been stably achieved, as well as full oral feeding.

Conclusions
This is the first description of an ‘esophageal trachea’, which may be considered as a new anatomic variant of CBPFMs. Multidisciplinary medical and surgical expertise was needed to manage this particular case, in order to properly plan multiple sequential surgical approaches. Native esophageal reconstruction should always be considered, even because colonic or gastric transposition might further affect severe tracheomalacia, resulting in more challenging treatment.
Positive Effects of the Tea Catechin, (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, on Gut Prophenoloxidase and the Survival of Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Long Yanhua , Zhang Yong , Zhao Tianyu , Zhou Xiaomin , Wang Yun , Chen Yiran , Yang Yunqiu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ectropis obliqua Prout is the main pest of the tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze in China, affecting an annual area of more than one million acres. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major catechin in tea leaves. Here, we show that EGCG is highly efficient in increasing the survival rate of E. obliqua larvae. We also compared the gut peroxidase (PO) activity between EGCG-fed and control larvae. EGCG-fed larvae had significantly greater PO activity levels than control larvae. Western blotting validated these results. Gut PO activity levels of larvae fed an artificial diet gradually decreased and disappeared completely by day 5. We hypothesize that the increased survival rate of EGCG-fed larvae was associated with increased PO activity. This research provides evidence that E. obliqua larvae have adapted to, and may even benefit from, secondary compounds found in tea leaves.
Improving accuracy of direct and maternal genetic effects in genomic evaluations using pooled boar semen: a simulation study1
Authors: Maiorano Amanda M , Assen Alula , Bijma Piter , Chen Ching-Yi , Silva Josineudson Augusto II Vasconcelos , Herring William O , Tsuruta Shogo , Misztal Ignacy , Lourenco Daniela A L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pooling semen of multiple boars is commonly used in swine production systems. Compared with single boar systems, this technique changes family structure creating maternal half-sib families. The aim of this simulation study was to investigate how pooling semen affects the accuracy of estimating direct and maternal effects for individual piglet birth weight, in purebred pigs. Different scenarios of pooling semen were simulated by allowing the same female to mate from 1 to 6 boars, per insemination, whereas litter size was kept constant (N = 12). In each pooled boar scenario, genomic information was used to construct either the genomic relationship matrix (G) or to reconstruct pedigree in addition to G. Genotypes were generated for 60,000 SNPs evenly distributed across 18 autosomes. From the 5 simulated generations, only animals from generations 3 to 5 were genotyped (N = 36,000). Direct and maternal true breeding values (TBV) were computed as the sum of the effects of the 1,080 QTLs. Phenotypes were constructed as the sum of direct TBV, maternal TBV, an overall mean of 1.25 kg, and a residual effect. The simulated heritabilities for direct and maternal effects were 0.056 and 0.19, respectively, and the genetic correlation between both effects was −0.25. All simulations were replicated 5 times. Variance components and direct and maternal heritability were estimated using average information REML. Predictions were computed via pedigree-based BLUP and single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). Genotyped littermates in the last generation were used for validation. Prediction accuracies were calculated as correlations between EBV and TBV for direct (accdirect) and maternal (accmat) effects. When boars were known, accdirect were 0.21 (1 boar) and 0.26 (6 boars) for BLUP, whereas for ssGBLUP, they were 0.38 (1 boar) and 0.43 (6 boars). When boars were unknown, accdirect was lower in BLUP but similar in ssGBLUP. For the scenario with known boars, accmat was 0.58 and 0.63 for 1 and 6 boars, respectively, under ssGBLUP. For unknown boars, accmat was 0.63 for 2 boars and 0.62 for 6 boars in ssGBLUP. In general, accdirect and accmat were lower in the single-boar scenario compared with pooled semen scenarios, indicating that a half-sib structure is more adequate to estimate direct and maternal effects. Using pooled semen from multiple boars can help us to improve accuracy of predicting maternal and direct effects when maternal half-sib families are larger than 2.
The Effect of Question Characteristics on Question Reading Behaviors in Telephone Surveys
Authors: Olson Kristen , Smyth Jolene D , Kirchner Antje 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAsking questions fluently, exactly as worded, and at a reasonable pace is a fundamental part of a survey interviewer’s role. Doing so allows the question to be asked as intended by the researcher and may decrease the risk of measurement error and contribute to rapport. Despite the central importance placed on reading questions exactly as worded, interviewers commonly misread questions, and it is not always clear why. Thus, understanding the risk of measurement error requires understanding how different interviewers, respondents, and question features may trigger question reading problems. In this article, we evaluate the effects of question features on question asking behaviors, controlling for interviewer and respondent characteristics. We also examine how question asking behaviors are related to question-asking time. Using two nationally representative telephone surveys in the United States, we find that longer questions and questions with transition statements are less likely to be read exactly and fluently, that questions with higher reading levels and parentheticals are less likely to be read exactly across both surveys and that disfluent readings decrease as interviewers gain experience across the field period. Other question characteristics vary in their associations with the outcomes across the two surveys. We also find that inexact and disfluent question readings are longer, but read at a faster pace, than exact and fluent question reading. We conclude with implications for interviewer training and questionnaire design.