bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels of advanced glycation end products in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis patients with and without type‐2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Akram Zohaib , Alqahtani Fawaz , Alqahtani Mana , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Javed Fawad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is hypothesized that levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are higher in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (type‐2 DM) than controls (systemically healthy individuals without CP. The aim was to assess the levels of AGEs in the GCF of CP patients with and without type‐2 DM.MethodsParticipants were divided into three groups as follows. Group‐1: Patients with type‐2 DM and CP; group‐2: Non‐diabetic individuals with CP; group‐3: Non‐diabetic individuals without periodontal diseases. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Full‐mouth plaque‐index (PI), bleeding‐on‐probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and marginal‐bone‐loss (MBL) were assessed. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were recorded. The GCF was collected and levels of AGEs were assessed using standard techniques. Group comparisons were performed andP <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsNinety‐four individuals (32, 31, and 31 individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were included. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher in group‐1 than groups 2 (P <0.05) and 3 (P <0.05). The mean age of individuals in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 55.2, 51.5, and 50.7 years, respectively. The mean duration of type‐2 DM among individuals in group‐1 was 8.2 years (7 to 10 years). Levels of AGEs were detected in all the patients. The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group‐1 (521.9 pg/mL [428.5 to 569.3 pg/mL]) (P <0.01) than groups 2 (234.84 pg/mL [216.8 to 318.9 pg/mL]) and 3 (87.2 pg/mL [75.2 to 97.8 pg/mL]). The mean GCF levels of AGEs were significantly higher among patients in group‐2 (P <0.01) than group‐3 (P <0.01).ConclusionThe GCF levels of AGEs are higher in CP patients with type‐2 DM compared to systemically healthy individuals with and without periodontal diseases.
Interaction of Metal Ion‐Coordinated Dipeptide Complex and Ninhydrin in the Alkanediyl‐α,ω‐bis‐Type Gemini Surfactant System
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Rub Malik Abdul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the current study, interaction of a metal ion‐coordinated dipeptide complex and ninhydrin was examined in the alkanediyl‐α,ω‐bis‐type gemini surfactant system. This work was performed as a function of reactants (ninhydrin and metal‐dipeptide complex), surfactants, temperature, and pH. Different techniques including UV–vis spectrophotometry were used to carry out the experiments. The kψ–values were evaluated in the presence of alkanediyl‐α,ω‐bis‐type gemini surfactants. A first‐order path in the metal‐dipeptide complex and a fractional‐order path in ninhydrin were noticed. To illustrate the quantitative analysis of kψ–[gemini] profiles, a pseudophase model of micelles was employed. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and explained. By the observed outcomes, a probable mechanism was suggested and discussed in detail.
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles for the fast purification and selective enrichment of glycopeptides and glycans
Authors: Kayili Hacı Mehmet , Ertürk Ali Serol , Elmacı Gökhan , Salih Bekir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlycosylated proteins modulate various important functions of organisms. To reveal the functions of glycoproteins, in‐depth characterization studies are necessary. Although mass spectrometry is a very efficient tool for glycoproteomic and glycomic studies, efficient sample preparation methods are required prior to analyses. In the study, poly(amidoamine) dendrimer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles were presented for the specific enrichment and fast purification of glycopeptides and glycans. The enrichment and purification performance of the developed method was evaluated both at the glycopeptide, and the glycan level using several standard glycoprotein digests and released glycan samples. The poly(amidoamine) dendrimer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles not only showed selective affinity (Immunoglobulin G/Bovine Serum Albumin, 1/10 by weight) to glycopeptides and released glycans but also good sensitivity (0.4 ng/µL for Immunoglobulin G) for glycoproteomic and glycomic applications. Thirty‐five glycopeptides of Immunoglobulin G were detected after enrichment with poly(amidoamine) dendrimer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, 55 18O tagged deamidated glycopeptides belonging to human plasma glycoproteome were confirmed. Finally, fifty 2‐aminobenzoic acid, and 30 procainamide‐labelled human plasma N‐glycans released from human plasma glycoproteins were determined after purifications. The results indicate that the proposed enrichment and purification method using poly(amidoamine) dendrimer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles could be simply adjusted to sample preparation methods.
Salt‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction in microchannel
Authors: Heydarzadeh Mohsen , Givianrad Mohammad Hadi , Heydari Rouhollah , Aberoomand Azar Parviz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, for the first time, salt‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction was performed in a microchannel system. The proposed design is based on the increase of contact surface area between target analytes and extracting phase during the sample and extracting phase transfer in microchannel. In this method, first sample solution, extracting solvent, and salt were mixed by stirrer and simultaneously delivered into a microchannel using a syringe pump. In order to optimize the influential parameters on the extraction efficiency of the proposed method, zidovudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were selected as model analytes. The main parameters such as extracting solvent and its volume, salt amount, pH of sample solution, and microchannel shape, length, and its inner diameter were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method was linear in the range of 0.1–30 µg/mL and R2 coefficients were equal to 0.9922 and 0.9947 for zidovudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, respectively. Extraction efficiency of the proposed method was compared with conventional salt‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction. The results show that the proposed design has higher extraction efficiency than conventional salt‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of zidovudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in plasma samples.
Immediate responses of multi‐focal low level laser therapy on quadriceps in knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Li Cyuan‐Fong , Chen Yi‐Jen , Lin Tz‐Yan , Hsiao Yu‐Hsuan , Fu Jimmy Chun‐Ming , Chen Chia‐Hsin , Lee Chia‐Ling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLow‐level laser therapy (LLLT) applying on knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients has shown positive outcomes in analgesic effect and functional recovery. However, few studies applied such therapy on large area of quadriceps muscle in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate immediate effect of multi‐focal LLLT on quadriceps of knee OA patients in pain and functional performance. Fifty‐one participants with knee OA were enrolled and evaluated before (T1) and immediately after intervention (T2) by knee joint pain in numeric rating scale (NRS), walking speed, timed five‐chair stands, and quadriceps strength by isokinetic dynamometer. Intervention with two multi‐focal Gallium‐Aluminum‐Arsenide laser devices, each device with 36 laser diodes (wavelength 808 ± 10 nm, continuous, mean power 50 mW, 30 minutes), applied simultaneously over bilateral quadriceps with a total dose of 180 J for each thigh. The multi‐focal LLLT significantly improved knee joint pain as measured by the NRS (54% reduction), timed five‐chair stands, and walking speed (P < .05). Knee extensor strength also increased in terms of peak torque and force of concentric and eccentric contraction as measured by isokinetic dynamometer (P < .05). In conclusion, single‐session multi‐focal LLLT on quadriceps in knee OA patients has immediate beneficial effect on knee pain reduction, quadriceps strengthening and functional performance recovery. Long‐term effect requires further investigation. Multi‐focal LLLT on quadriceps might serve as an alternative non‐invasive treatment option in these patients.
Watershed health assessment using the pressure–state–response (PSR) framework
Authors: Hazbavi Zeinab , Sadeghi Seyed Hamidreza , Gholamalifard Mehdi , Davudirad Ali Akbar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA pressure–state–response framework was customized to outline the watershed health (WH) concept. To achieve this, the watershed indicators of pressure, state (S), and response (R) were conceptualized according to 17 climatic, anthropogenic, and hydrologic criteria. Four node years of 1986, 1998, 2008, and 2014 were selected to provide a running picture of the Shazand Watershed condition. The WH index was then calculated using geometric mean of pressure, S, and R indicators and assigned a range of values varied from 0 (unhealthiest) to 1 (healthiest). (a) The main pressures on the Shazand Watershed come from climatic factors in 1998 and 2008 and human factors in all study years. (b) The climatic factor and then anthropogenic factors had the maximum effectiveness in explaining the S indicator. (c) In calculating R indicator, the anthropogenic factors in 1986 and the hydrologic factors in other study years played significant contributions. (d) The greatest percentage of the study area were assigned to moderate condition of S indicator in 1986, 1998, and 2008 with value of 42, 46, and 73%, respectively, whereas in 2014, 44 and 42% of the watershed were respectively recognized as relatively healthy and moderately healthy in terms of S indicator. (e) For the first to fourth study node years, some 53, 77, 78, and 60% of the Shazand Watershed had the relatively unhealthy condition, respectively. (f) The Shazand WH decreased about 12% during periods of 1986–1998 and 1986–2008. (g) An improving trend was also found in WH for some sub‐watersheds.
Friction stir welding of dissimilar metal joints
Authors: Zens A. , Zaeh M.F. , Marstatt R. , Haider F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFriction stir welding is a solid‐state welding technology, which is suitable for joining dissimilar metals such as aluminium and copper. Because the solidus temperature is typically not exceeded, the formation of intermetallic phases can be reduced when compared to fusion welding processes. In friction stir welding, the intermetallic layer thickness, which determines the seam properties, is influenced by the welding temperature and is formed in correspondence with the Arrhenius law. It is typically in the range of a few hundred nanometers thick. In turn, the process temperature is determined by the process parameters, primarily the rotational speed and the feed rate of the machine tool. In this study, a temperature‐controlled friction stir welding process has been applied to lap joints of aluminium and copper. Welding experiments with various welding speeds and probe lengths were performed in order to assess the effect of the temperature‐time profile near the welding interface. The joints were investigated by tensile shear tests as well as optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Non‐biofilm‐forming commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates produce biofilm in the presence of trypsin
Authors: Martínez‐García Sergio , Ortega‐Peña Silvestre , De Haro‐Cruz María De Jesús , Aguilera‐Arreola Ma. Guadalupe , Alcántar‐Curiel María Dolores , Betanzos‐Cabrera Gabriel , Jan‐Roblero Janet , Pérez‐Tapia Sonia Mayra , Rodríguez‐Martínez Sandra , Cancino‐Diaz Mario E. , Cancino‐Diaz Juan C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies comparing clinical and commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates suggest that biofilm formation is a discriminant biomarker. A study showed that four non‐biofilm‐forming clinical S. epidermidis isolates could form an induced biofilm by trypsin treatment, suggesting that S. epidermidis can form biofilms in a protease‐independent way and in a trypsin‐induced way. In this study, the trypsin capacity to induce biofilm formation was evaluated in non‐biofilm‐forming S. epidermidis isolates (n = 133) in order to support this mechanism and to establish the importance of total biofilms (meaning the sum of protease‐independent biofilm and trypsin‐induced biofilm). Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from ocular infections (OI; n = 24), prosthetic joint infections (PJI; n = 64), and healthy skin (HS‐1; n = 100) were screened for protease‐independent biofilm formation according to Christensen's method. The result was that there are significant differences (p < .0001) between clinical (43.2%) and commensal (17%) protease‐independent biofilm producers. Meanwhile, non‐biofilm‐forming isolates were treated with trypsin, and biofilm formation was evaluated by the same method. The number of commensal trypsin‐induced biofilm producers significantly increased from 17% to 79%. In contrast, clinical isolates increased from 43.2% to 72.7%. The comparison between clinical and commensal total biofilm yielded no significant differences (p = .392). A similar result was found when different isolation sources were compared (OI vs. HS‐1 and PJI vs. HS‐1). The genotype icaA−/aap+ was associated with the trypsin‐induced biofilm phenotype; however, no correlation was observed between aap mRNA expression and the level of trypsin‐induced biofilm phenotype. Studying another group of commensal S. epidermidis non‐biofilm‐forming isolates (HS‐2; n = 139) from different body sites, it was found that 70 isolates (60.3%) formed trypsin‐induced biofilms. In conclusion, trypsin is capable of inducing biofilm production in non‐biofilm‐forming commensal S. epidermidis isolates with the icaA−/aap+ genotype, and there is no significant difference in total biofilms when comparing clinical and commensal isolates, suggesting that total biofilms are not a discriminant biomarker.
Results and challenges of Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) testing in an ethnically diverse South Florida population
Authors: Salyakina Daria , Roy Sharmeen , Wang Weize , Oliva Mailin , Akhouri Rohan , Sotto Ileana , Mulas Nicole , Solano Rafaela , Fernández José R. , Sanchez Stephanie , Shamshad Uzma , Perlyn Chad , McCafferty‐Fernandez Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study focuses on the implementation of CYP2D6 genetic test profiling and the challenges associated with using standard pharmacogenetics panels in a diverse South Florida population.MethodsA total of 413 participants were recruited to participate in this study through Nicklaus Children's Hospital. Buccal swabs were collected and tested using an extended CYP2D6 panel including 22 alleles. Phenotype, genotype, and allelic frequencies were compared among different racial and ethnic groups.ResultsThe majority of participants (75.0%) self‐identified as Hispanics. Four alleles, CYP2D6*4, *17, *41, and *2A, showed a statistically significant difference between White Hispanics and Black Non‐Hispanics. Aggregate frequency of all alleles with decreased function varied between 2.8% and 50.0% in different racial and ethnic groups. Additionally, rare allele combinations were observed in this South Florida cohort.ConclusionsThe heterogeneity among Hispanic groups demonstrated in previous literature and by this study reflects the complexity of ethnicity and suggests that a more granular categorization is needed, one based on ancestry and migration history rather than primary language. Overall, we have determined that there are statistically significant differences in CYP2D6 allele frequencies in the distinct racial and ethnic populations of South Florida, demonstrating a unique genetic makeup within South Florida. However, overall, the frequencies of Poor Metabolizer, Normal Metabolizer, Intermediate Metabolizer, and Ultrarapid Metabolizer did not differ between racial and ethnic groups at a statistically significant level.
Lower medial thigh perforator (LMTP) propeller flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Giunta Gabriele , Barth Andrè A. , Fritsche Elmar , Arvanitakis Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkin and soft‐tissue defects around the knee are common and their reconstruction is still challenging and argued. Thin, pliable and well‐vascularized tissues are required in order to restore the aesthetic appearance of the knee and facilitate joint function. Historically local muscle flaps were employed for the upper third of the lower limb reconstruction; however, since their introduction, different perforator flaps have been proposed for this purpose. The aim of this report is to share our clinical experience with the pedicled lower medial thigh perforator (p‐LMT) flap for the reconstruction of skin and soft tissue defects around the knee.Patients and MethodsBetween August 2013 and July 20, 2018, patients underwent pedicled LMT propeller flap reconstruction for defects around the knee. The subunits of the defects were the suprapatellar, the infrapatellar and patellar area and in two cases a full around the knee defect was reported. Cause of defects included trauma (13), tumor (4) and infection after knee operation (3) and defect sizes ranged from 4 × 3 cm2 to 7 × 8 cm2.ResultsFlap sizes ranged from 4 × 9 cm2 to 6 × 16 cm2. One to two perforators based on the superficial femoral artery or descending genicular artery were found between the septum of satorius and vastus medialis, or piercing the vastus medialis during dissection. All flaps were rotated 180° in propeller fashion. All the donor sites were primarily closed and no complication at the donor site was detected. In the two cases of the total knee soft tissue defect, a double pedicled flaps reconstruction was required. After a 6 months follow‐up, all the patients in the series achieved a full range of motion.ConclusionsFasciocutaneous flaps are currently the first reconstructive option for the soft tissue defects around the knee. The p‐LMT flap reconstruction in this case series achieved good aesthetic and functional outcomes and this flap may be a valuable option for the reconstruction of the small to medium soft tissue defects around the knee.
Deep learning how to fit an intravoxel incoherent motion model to diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Barbieri Sebastiano , Gurney‐Champion Oliver J. , Klaassen Remy , Thoeny Harriet C. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis prospective clinical study assesses the feasibility of training a deep neural network (DNN) for intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model fitting to diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) data and evaluates its performance.MethodsIn May 2011, 10 male volunteers (age range, 29–53 years; mean, 37) underwent DW‐MRI of the upper abdomen on 1.5T and 3.0T MR scanners. Regions of interest in the left and right liver lobe, pancreas, spleen, renal cortex, and renal medulla were delineated independently by 2 readers. DNNs were trained for IVIM model fitting using these data; results were compared to least‐squares and Bayesian approaches to IVIM fitting. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess consistency of measurements between readers. Intersubject variability was evaluated using coefficients of variation (CVs). The fitting error was calculated based on simulated data, and the average fitting time of each method was recorded.ResultsDNNs were trained successfully for IVIM parameter estimation. This approach was associated with high consistency between the 2 readers (ICCs between 50% and 97%), low intersubject variability of estimated parameter values (CVs between 9.2 and 28.4), and the lowest error when compared with least‐squares and Bayesian approaches. Fitting by DNNs was several orders of magnitude quicker than the other methods, but the networks may need to be retrained for different acquisition protocols or imaged anatomical regions.ConclusionDNNs are recommended for accurate and robust IVIM model fitting to DW‐MRI data. Suitable software is available for download.
The Role of Vitamin A in Wound Healing
Authors: Polcz Monica E. , Barbul Adrian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVitamin A is an essential micronutrient that comes in multiple forms, including retinols, retinals, and retinoic acids. Dietary vitamin A is absorbed as retinol from preformed retinoids or as pro–vitamin A carotenoids that are converted into retinol in the enterocyte. These are then delivered to the liver for storage via chylomicrons and later released into the circulation and to its biologically active tissues bound to retinol‐binding protein. Vitamin A is a crucial component of many important and diverse biological functions, including reproduction, embryological development, cellular differentiation, growth, immunity, and vision. Vitamin A functions mostly through nuclear retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptors, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors. Retinoids regulate the growth and differentiation of many cell types within skin, and its deficiency leads to abnormal epithelial keratinization. In wounded tissue, vitamin A stimulates epidermal turnover, increases the rate of re‐epithelialization, and restores epithelial structure. Retinoids have the unique ability to reverse the inhibitory effects of anti‐inflammatory steroids on wound healing. In addition to its role in the inflammatory phase of wound healing, retinoic acid has been demonstrated to enhance production of extracellular matrix components such as collagen type I and fibronectin, increase proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and decrease levels of degrading matrix metalloproteinases.
Surface modification of boron nitride by bio‐inspired polydopamine and different chain length polyethylenimine co‐depositing
Authors: Wang Nan , Guo Shiyan , Liao Jun , Zhu Qing , Hu Chengyao , Huo Jichuan 
Published: August 2019

We established a novel, easy, and versatile method of obtaining diverse and controllable interphases between epoxy resin and fillers. The method involved the co‐deposition of polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) with different molecular lengths on boron nitride (BN) surface. The obtained PDA/PEI‐modified BN composites showed significantly improved mechanical properties, including tensile strength, toughness, and elongation at break. For example, the tensile strength, fracture toughness, and elongation at break of EP composite increased by 51%, 132%, and 170% compared with EP when the PEI molecular weight was 10 000, respectively. These results suggested that the interphases between BN and EP matrix can be adjusted by changing the molecular lengths of grafted modifiers, thereby offering a new method for the reasonable designing and exploitation of the BN‐based composite materials.