bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of fish behavioural reaction to underwater human presence
Authors: Samia Diogo S. M. , Bessa Eduardo , Blumstein Daniel T. , Nunes José A. C. C. , Azzurro Ernesto , Morroni Lorenzo , Sbragaglia Valerio , Januchowski‐Hartley Fraser A. , Geffroy Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn an increasingly anthropic world, humans have profound impacts on the distribution and behaviour of marine fishes. The increased human presence has modified fishes’ antipredator behavioural responses, and consequently flight decisions, as a function of their changed perceptions of risk. Understanding how fish react to human presence can help identify the most vulnerable functional groups/species and estimate impacts caused by human disturbance. Shoal and body size are known to influence fish flight initiation distance (FID; the distance between the predator and prey when the prey begins to escape); however, few studies attempt to test the moderators of these relationships. Here, we present a comprehensive meta‐analysis evaluating FID of fish in response to human presence. Specifically, we investigated six candidate moderators that could influence the relationship between FID with shoal and body size. Our results showed that individual fish size was strongly and positively correlated with FID and the most important moderator that explained the variance in individual body size‐FID relationship was shoaling behaviour. However, and somehow surprisingly, we detected no significant relationship between shoal size and FID. We discuss how these results can inform the development of fish conservation strategies and ultimately assist in the management of marine protected areas.
Cell surface molecule, Klingon, mediates the refinement of synaptic specificity in the Drosophila visual system
Authors: Shimozono Mai , Osaka Jiro , Kato Yuya , Araki Tomohiro , Kawamura Hinata , Takechi Hiroki , Hakeda‐Suzuki Satoko , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the Drosophila brain, neurons form genetically specified synaptic connections with defined neuronal targets. It is proposed that each central nervous system neuron expresses specific cell surface proteins, which act as identification tags. Through an RNAi screen of cell surface molecules in the Drosophila visual system, we found that the cell adhesion molecule Klingon (Klg) plays an important role in repressing the ectopic formation of extended axons, preventing the formation of excessive synapses. Cell‐specific manipulation of klg showed that Klg is required in both photoreceptors and the glia, suggesting that the balanced homophilic interaction between photoreceptor axons and the glia is required for normal synapse formation. Previous studies suggested that Klg binds to cDIP and our genetic analyses indicate that cDIP is required in glia for ectopic synaptic repression. These data suggest that Klg play a critical role together with cDIP in refining synaptic specificity and preventing unnecessary connections in the brain.
Murine experimental leprosy: Evaluation of immune response by analysis of peritoneal lavage cells and footpad histopathology
Authors: Vilani‐Moreno Fátima Regina , Barbosa Adriana Sierra Assêncio Almeida , Sartori Beatriz Gomes Carreira , Diório Suzana Madeira , Silva Sônia Maria Usó Ruiz , Rosa Patrícia Sammarco , de Faria Fernandes Belone Andréa , Soares Cleverson Teixeira , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Pedrini Sílvia Cristina Barboza 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis study evaluated the immune response of nude and BALB/c mice inoculated in the footpads (FP) with Mycobacterium leprae after 3, 5 and 8 months. At each timepoint peritoneal cells, peripheral blood, FP and popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) were collected. Peritoneal cell cultures were performed to measure the H2O2, O2−, NO, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐12, IFN‐γ and TNF levels. Serum levels of anti‐PGL‐I antibodies were also quantified. The results showed that the infection was progressive in nude mice with bacterial multiplication, development of macroscopic lesions in the FP and presence of bacilli in the PLN at 8 months. In BALB/c mice, the infection reached a plateau of bacillary multiplication at 5 months and regressed at 8 months. Histopathological analysis of FP revealed a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate with a large number of neutrophils at 5 months, with a higher number in nude mice. At 8 months, the number of neutrophils decreased and the infiltrate was predominantly mononuclear in both mouse strains. There was no H2O2, O2−, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ production in the course of infection in nude mice; however, in BALB/c, O2− and IL‐12 production was higher at 5 months and NO, IFN‐γ and TNF production was higher at 8 months when there was a decrease in the number of bacilli. The level of anti‐PGL‐I antibodies was higher in BALB/c mice. Thus, nude and BALB/c mice can be used as experimental models for the study of various aspects of leprosy.
The ICN code of ethics for nurses: a time for revision
Authors: Stievano Alessandro , Tschudin Verena. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince its development in 1953, the International Council of Nursing's Code of Ethics for Nurses has been revised a number of times and adopted or adapted as a guide for nurses in many countries. The Code serves as a critical model for ethical standards in the nursing profession, stressing responsibility and advocacy for the human rights of patients, their families and communities, as well as social issues, the work of nurses within health care systems and working with other health professionals. The most recent edition of the Code (2012) is now in the process of revision by an international Steering Committee. This policy paper describes the meaning of the Code, as well as the processes in place to develop a revised Code that is better fitted for the current needs of nurses around the globe.
The predictive validity of the MoCA‐LD for assessing mental capacity in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Edge Daniel , Ewing Louise 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMental capacity assessments currently rely on subjective opinion. Researchers have yet to explore the association between key cognitive functions of rational decision making and mental capacity classifications for people with intellectual disabilities.MethodSixty‐three adults completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, which yielded estimates of their overall cognitive ability (MoCA‐LD) as well as their memory, attention, language and executive functioning. Differences in scores were explored for those who had, and lacked, capacity, and logistic regression was used to test the predictive validity of each measure.ResultsThere were significant differences between both groups for all measures. Logistic regression identified MoCA‐LD as a significant predictor of capacity assessment outcomes. ROC curve analysis provided novel, evidence‐based benchmarks to help guide clinical practice based on MoCA‐LD scores.ConclusionThis study offers a foundation for more objective approaches to mental capacity assessment. This demonstrates that assessments of cognitive ability can yield information that is helpful for mental capacity evaluations.
Success in periodontology: An evolutive concept
Authors: Pini Prato Giovan Paolo , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this editorial was to discuss a definition of success after periodontal therapy based on the retention of natural dentition.Materials and MethodsBased on topic and relevance, references were collected and then divided into four categories: (a) the influence of available therapeutic techniques on the definition of hopeless teeth, (b) the long‐term rate of tooth loss during supportive periodontal therapy, (c) the duration of time that the treatment outcomes may be considered stable and (d) patients’ perception and satisfaction of periodontal therapy.ResultsPeriodontal therapy can change the prognosis of hopeless teeth, making them maintainable in the long term. The rate of tooth loss can be minimized in a way that a period of 10 years or more is needed to evaluate further periodontal breakdown. In addition, patients’ perception and satisfaction of the treatment should be considered as the main therapeutic endpoints of the provided periodontal therapy.ConclusionsDefinition of success is linked to the available therapeutic tools. Due to the recent advancement of treatment modalities, periodontally hopeless teeth can now be treated and maintained for a long period of time with health, function and patient satisfaction.
Reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays allow the rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables
Authors: Ma Congcong , Song Dafeng , Gu Qing , Li Ping , Zhan Lingzhi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a major concern in human food safety. Here, the development of a reverse transcription‐loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) method, targeting the hly A gene of L. monocytogenes, to rapidly detect this important pathogen in food is described. The RT‐LAMP conditions were optimized and the following parameters established: 60 min, 63°C, 0.2 M betaine, 8.0 mM MgSO4, 0.8 mM dNTPs, 0.4 μM outer primers, and 1.6 μM inner primers. RT‐LAMP products were identified by the visualization of white precipitates and bands on a 2% agarose gel after electrophoresis. Results revealed the specificity of RT‐LAMP with no false‐positives or false‐negatives observed. RT‐LAMP detection of L. monocytogenes was highly sensitive at levels of one colony forming unit (CFU) per reaction. Samples (up to 100) of fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables were simultaneously assayed using RT‐LAMP and Chinese national standard (GB) methods to further confirm its accuracy and reliability. Data revealed that the RT‐LAMP results were comparable to those obtained with standard GB methods. The method presents the first example of the use of RT‐LAMP for the detection of L. monocytogenes. This work provides a new and simple detection method for identifying L. monocytogenes in infected food products and the method should be considered in future testing protocols.Practical ApplicationsSuccessful detection of live pathogens is the key to food safety testing. However, the inability to distinguish between live and dead cells is a major drawback of almost all DNA‐based assays. This study has developed a RNA‐based detection method for the detection of L. monocytogenes and this method using RT‐LAMP addresses these deficiencies. RT‐LAMP could detect L. monocytogenes at levels of 1 CFU/reaction, which was 10‐fold higher than the sensitivity of PMA‐LAMP methods. The testing of fresh‐out foods using RT‐LAMP further demonstrated the practicality and reliability of the method. Results show that this method could become a diagnostic tool for accurately detecting the presence of live L. monocytogenes in food.
Harmful Procompetitive Effects of Trade in Presence of Credit Market Frictions
Authors: FOELLMI RETO , OECHSLIN MANUEL 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe explore the consequences of international trade in an economy that encompasses technology choice and an endogenous distribution of mark‐ups due to credit market frictions. We show that in such an environment a gradual opening of trade may—but not necessarily must—have a negative impact on productivity and overall output. The reason is that the procompetitive effects of trade reduce mark‐ups and hence make access to credit more difficult for smaller firms. As a result, smaller firms—while not driven out of the market—may be forced to switch to less productive technologies.
Skin characterization and immediate effects of different dermocosmetic treatments in French and Brazilian skin
Authors: Salomão Calixto Lívia , Picard Céline , Savary Géraldine , Campos Patrícia M.B.G. Maia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAll over the world, people face the same skin problems. However, their skin characteristics are different. Thus, it is a challenge to prescribe treatments that will be effective on different skin types. Therefore, it is very important to consider the skin biology when indicating a dermocosmetic treatment.ObjectivesTo assess skin biophysical parameters in French and Brazilian subjects and to verify the efficacy of four dermocosmetic treatments in these populations.MethodsFive test areas were defined on each volar forearm of the eighteen Brazilian and eighteen French participants using a randomized design. Biophysical measurements in terms of skin hydration, skin barrier function, skin brightness, and skin viscoelasticity were performed before and after 60 minutes of treatment.ResultsSkin biophysical differences between populations were found. French skin has been shown to be more hydrated regarding epidermal mechanic properties and stratum corneum water content and more radiant when compared with Brazilian skin. However, it showed more signs of cutaneous aging and fatigue effects on skin. The Brazilian skin showed better skin barrier function. In addition, the treatments were effective in both populations.ConclusionsDespite the differences found in French and Brazilian skin, the proposed dermocosmetic treatments showed effective in both populations.
Regulation of flowering time by SPL10/MED25 module in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yao Tao , Park Bong Soo , Mao Hui‐Zhu , Seo Jun Sung , Ohama Naohiko , Li Ying , Yu Niu , Mustafa Nur Fatimah Binte , Huang Chung‐Hao , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Several SQUAMASA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE (SPL) transcription factors are involved in plant developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. However, the function of SPL10 in regulating floral transition is largely unknown. It is also not known which Mediator subunit mediates SPL10 transcriptional activity.

Here, we used overexpression lines and knockout mutants to examine the role of SPL10 in flowering‐time regulation and we investigated possible interactions of SPL10 with several mediator subunits in vitro and in vivo.

Plants overexpressing SPL10 showed precocious flowering, whereas the triple loss‐of‐function mutants of SPL10 and its two homologous genes, SPL2 and SPL11, flowered late compared with wild‐type plants. We found that SPL10 interacts with MED25, a subunit of the Mediator complex, which bridges transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to facilitate transcription initiation. Genetic analysis showed that MED25 acts downstream of SPL10 to execute SPL10‐regulated floral transition. Furthermore, SPL10 was required for MED25 association with the promoters of two target genes, FUL and LFY.

We provide evidence that SPL10 recruits MED25 to the promoters of target genes to regulate flowering time. Our results on the SPL10/MED25 module are relevant to the molecular mechanism of other SPL family members.
An AP2/ERF transcription factor ERF139 coordinates xylem cell expansion and secondary cell wall deposition
Authors: Wessels Bernard , Seyfferth Carolin , Escamez Sacha , Vain Thomas , Antos Kamil , Vahala Jorma , Delhomme Nicolas , Kangasjärvi Jaakko , Eder Michaela , Felten Judith , Tuominen Hannele 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Differentiation of xylem elements involves cell expansion, secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition and programmed cell death. Transitions between these phases require strict spatiotemporal control.

The function of Populus ERF139 (Potri.013G101100) in xylem differentiation was characterized in transgenic overexpression and dominant repressor lines of ERF139 in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). Xylem properties, SCW chemistry and downstream targets were analyzed in both types of transgenic trees using microscopy techniques, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, pyrolysis‐GC/MS, wet chemistry methods and RNA sequencing.

Opposite phenotypes were observed in the secondary xylem vessel sizes and SCW chemistry in the two different types of transgenic trees, supporting the function of ERF139 in suppressing the radial expansion of vessel elements and stimulating accumulation of guaiacyl‐type lignin and possibly also xylan. Comparative transcriptomics identified genes related to SCW biosynthesis (LAC5, LBD15, MYB86) and salt and drought stress‐responsive genes (ANAC002, ABA1) as potential direct targets of ERF139.

The phenotypes of the transgenic trees and the stem expression profiles of ERF139 potential target genes support the role of ERF139 as a transcriptional regulator of xylem cell expansion and SCW formation, possibly in response to osmotic changes of the cells.
Advanced age protects resistance arteries of mouse skeletal muscle from oxidative stress through attenuating apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Norton Charles E. , Sinkler Shenghua Y. , Jacobsen Nicole L. , Segal Steven S. 
Published: May 2019

Key points
Vascular oxidative stress increases with advancing age.
We hypothesized that resistance vessels develop resilience to oxidative stress to protect functional integrity and tested this hypothesis by exposing isolated pressurized superior epigastric arteries (SEAs) of old and young mice to H2O2.
H2O2‐induced death was greater in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) than endothelial cells (ECs) and lower in SEAs from old vs. young mice; the rise in vessel wall [Ca2+]i induced by H2O2 was attenuated with ageing, as was the decline in noradrenergic vasoconstriction; genetic deletion of IL‐10 mimicked the effects of advanced age on cell survival.
Inhibiting NO synthase or scavenging peroxynitrite reduced SMC death; endothelial denudation or inhibiting gap junctions increased SMC death; delocalization of cytochrome C activated caspases 9 and 3 to induce apoptosis.
Vascular cells develop resilience to H2O2 during ageing by preventing Ca2+ overload and endothelial integrity promotes SMC survival.
AbstractAdvanced age is associated with elevated oxidative stress and can protect the endothelium from cell death induced by H2O2. Whether such protection occurs for intact vessels or differs between smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial cell (EC) layers is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ageing protects SMCs and ECs during acute exposure to H2O2 (200 µm, 50 min). Mouse superior epigastric arteries (SEAs; diameter, ∼150 µm) were isolated and pressurized to 100 cmH2O at 37˚C. For SEAs from young (4 months) mice, H2O2 killed 57% of SMCs and 11% of ECs in males vs. 8% and 2%, respectively, in females. Therefore, SEAs from males were studied to resolve the effect of ageing and experimental interventions. For old (24 months) mice, SMC death was reduced to 10% with diminished accumulation of [Ca2+]i in the vessel wall during H2O2 exposure. In young mice, genetic deletion of IL‐10 mimicked the protective effect of ageing on cell death and [Ca2+]i accumulation. Whereas endothelial denudation or gap junction inhibition (carbenoxolone; 100 µm) increased SMC death, inhibiting NO synthase (l‐NAME, 100 µm) or scavenging peroxynitrite (FeTPPS, 5 µm) reduced SMC death along with [Ca2+]i. Despite NO toxicity via peroxynitrite formation, endothelial integrity protects SMCs. Caspase inhibition (Z‐VAD‐FMK, 50 µm) attenuated cell death with immunostaining for annexin V, cytochrome C, and caspases 3 and 9 pointing to induction of intrinsic apoptosis during H2O2 exposure. We conclude that advanced age reduces Ca2+ influx that triggers apoptosis, thereby promoting resilience of the vascular wall during oxidative stress.
A survey of adaptive cell population dynamics models of emergence of drug resistance in cancer, and open questions about evolution and cancer
Authors: Clairambault Jean , Pouchol Camille 
Published: May 2019

This article is a proceeding survey (deepening a talk given by the first author at the Biomath 2019 International Conference on Mathematical Models and Methods, held in Bedlewo, Poland) of mathematical models of cancer and healthy cell population adaptive dynamics exposed to anticancer drugs, to describe how cancer cell populations evolve toward drug resistance.Such mathematical models consist of partial differential equations (PDEs) structured in continuous phenotypes coding for the expression of drug resistance genes; they involve different functions representing targets for different drugs, cytotoxic and cytostatic, with complementary effects in limiting tumour growth. These phenotypes evolve continuously under drug exposure, and their fate governs the evolution of the cell population under treatment. Methods of optimal control are used, taking inevitable emergence of drug resistance into account, to achieve the best strategies to contain the expansion of a tumour.This evolutionary point of view, which relies on biological observations and resulting modelling assumptions, naturally extends to questioning the very nature of cancer as evolutionary disease, seen not only at the short time scale of a human life, but also at the billion year-long time scale of Darwinian evolution, from unicellular organisms to evolved multicellular organs such as animals and man. Such questioning, not so recent, but recently revived, in cancer studies, may have consequences for understanding and treating cancer.Some open and challenging questions may thus be (non exhaustively) listed as:- May cancer be defined as a spatially localised loss of coherence between tissues in the sameВ multicellular organism, `spatially localised' meaning initially starting from a given organ in the body, butВ also possibly due to flaws in an individual's rms of evolution towards drug resistance governed by the phenotypes which determine landscape such as imperfect epigenetic control of differentiation genes?- If one assumes that ''The genes of cellular cooperation that evolved with multicellularity about a billion years ago arethe same genes that malfunction in cancer.'', how can these genes besystematically investigated, looking for zones of fragility - that depend on individuals - in the 'tinkering' evolution is made of, tracking local defaults of coherence?- What is such coherence made of and to what extent is the immune system responsible for it (the self and differentiation within the self)?Related to this question of self, what parallelism can be established between the developmentВ of multicellularity in different species proceeding from the same origin and the development of theВ immune system in these different species?