bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Botanical Origin of Propolis from Monte Region of Argentina by Histological and Chemical Methods
Authors: Salas Ana , Mercado María I. , Zampini Iris C. , Ponessa Graciela I. , Isla María I. 
Published: March 2019

Propolis production by honey bees is the result of a selective harvest of exudates from plants in the neighborhood of the hive. This product is used in Argentina as a food supplement and alternative medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the botanical origin of propolis from the arid regions of Monte of Argentina using rapid histochemical techniques and by comparison of TLC and HPLC-DAD chromatographic profiles with extract profiles obtained from Zuccagnia punctata, Larrea divaricata and Larrea cuneifolia, plant species that grow in the study area as a natural community named “jarillal”. Microscopical analysis revealed the presence of several Z. punctata structures, such as multicellular trichomes, leaflets, stems and young leaves. Remarkable was the richness of the propolis in two bioactive chalcones, also present in Z. punctata resin; these compounds can be regarded as possible markers for propolis identification and justify its use as a dietary supplement, functional food and medicinal product. This study indicates that the source of resin used by honey bees to produce propolis in the Monte region of Argentina is only Z. punctata, a native shrub widespread in this phytogeographical region, while other more abundant species ( L. divaricata and L. cuneifolia) in the region were not found, indicating that this propolis could be defined as a mono-resin, type- Zuccagnia.
Ring Rearrangement Metathesis in 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene (7-Oxanorbornene) Derivatives. Some Applications in Natural Product Chemistry
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Plumet Joaquín 
Published: March 2019

Metathesis reactions is firmly established as a valuable synthetic tool in organic chemistry, clearly comparable with the venerable Diels-Alder and Wittig reactions and, more recently, with the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Metathesis reactions can be considered as a fascinating synthetic methodology, allowing different variants regarding substrate (alkene and alkyne metathesis) and type of metathetical reactions. On the other hand, tandem metathesis reactions such Ring Rearrangement Metathesis (RRM) and the coupling of metathesis reaction with other reactions of alkenes such as Diels-Alder or Heck reactions, makes metathesis one of the most powerful and reliable synthetic procedure. In particular, Ring-Rearrangement Metathesis (RRM) refers to the combination of several metathesis transformations into a domino process such as ring-opening metathesis (ROM)/ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and ROM-cross metathesis (CM) in a one-pot operation. RRM delivers complex frameworks that are difficult to assemble by conventional methods constitutingan atom economic process. RRM is applicable to mono- and polycyclic systems of varying ring sizes such as cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, pyran systems, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivatives, bicyclo[2.2.2]octene derivatives, bicyclo[3.2.1]octene derivatives and bicyclo[3.2.1]octene derivatives. In this review our attention has focused on the RRM reactions in 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivatives and on their application in the synthesis of natural products or significant subunits of them.
Two New Cyclobutane Dimers from Diospyros macrocarpa
Authors: Thieury Charlotte , Le Guével Rémy , Herbette Gaëtan , Monnier Valérie , Lebouvier Nicolas , Hnawia Edouard , Asakawa Yoshinori , Guillaudeux Thierry , Nour Mohammed 
Published: March 2019

A biochemical and phytochemical study of Diospyros macrocarpa Hiern, an endemic plant of New Caledonia, was realized. Indeed, bark and leaf extracts were tested for their cytotoxic and antibiotic activities as well as for their radical scavenging properties. Methanol extracts showed promising radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 5.6 ± 0.9 μg/mL for the leaves and 8.1 ± 1.4 μg/mL for the barks. The ethyl acetate extract from the barks showed strong and selective activity against NCI-H727 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 9.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL.. Two new cyclobutane dimers: macrocarpasin A (1) and B (2) (figure 1) together with six known compounds: yangonin (3), betulinic acid (4), α-amyrin (5), β–amyrin (6), loliolide (7) and oleanderolide (8) were isolated from leaf extracts. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR along with HRMS analyses. Cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were also evaluated. None of them showed interesting cytotoxicity against the seven tested cancer cell lines.
Sixty Challenges – A 2030 Perspective on Natural Products and Medicines Security
Authors: Cordell Geoffrey A. 
Published: March 2019

Natural products matter, for they are essential contributors to societal well-being and global health. Flavors, fragrances, essential oils, traditional medicines and phytopharmaceuticals, and prescription and over-the-counter products all utilize constituent materials from natural sources. However, these vast natural resources of Earth are disappearing, and climate change and market expansion by a dramatically increasing and ageing population will continue to strain plant sourcing in the decades ahead. It was with these and other considerations that the term “ecopharmacognosy” was developed as both a philosophy and a practice, and from which the necessity for a “medicines security” strategy evolved. Extending previous presentations, a series of sixty challenges for 2030 to the status quo promotes the discussion of a different vision for the natural product sciences as applied to traditional medicines. Among the topics presented are areas for global collaborative initiatives in science and in data management, the impact of climate change on medicinal plant accessibility, the sustainability and quality of the natural products that patients receive, and the integration of new technologies, particularly the genomics of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, hand-held detection systems and artificial intelligence, and the implications of increased life expectancy on future health care needs. The presentation closes with two examples of newer approaches in drug discovery.
Inhibition of Lipoxygenase and Peroxidase Reaction by Some Flavonols and Flavones: The Structure-Activity Relationship
Authors: Sroka Zbigniew , Sowa Alina , Dryś Andrzej 
Published: March 2019

Some flavonoids were investigated for their effects on lipoxygenase and peroxidase. The strongest inhibitor of lipoxygenase was kaempferol with one hydroxyl group situated at the 4’ position in the B ring, with activity of 21.2±2.03 calculated per μmole of compound. The weakest inhibition was observed for diosmetin with a hydroxyl group at the 3′ position and a methoxyl group at 4′ in the B ring, with activity of 1.17±0.77 per μmole. Peroxidase was most strongly inhibited by quercetin (22.7±0.05) with two hydroxyl groups in the B ring at 3′ and 4′. The weakest inhibitor of peroxidase was genkwanin (0±0.16) with one hydroxyl group at position 4′ in the B ring and methoxyl at position 7 in the A ring. The correlation coefficient between reduction of Fe3+ by flavonoids and inhibition of lipoxygenase by these compounds was 0.72 and the reduction of Fe3+ and inhibition of peroxidase was 0.24. The results show that inhibition of peroxidase is weakly associated with reducing properties of phenols and inhibition of lipoxygenase may be associated with antioxidant properties of flavonoids.
LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn Analysis Reveals Diarylheptanoids and Flavonol O-glycosides in Fresh and Roasted Hazelnut (Corylus avellana cultivar “Tonda di Giffoni”)
Authors: Cerulli Antonietta , Napolitano Assunta , Masullo Milena , Pizza Cosimo , Piacente Sonia 
Published: March 2019

Hazelnut represents one of the most consumed food, containing a large range of bioactive and health-promoting compounds. Investigation of the fatty component of C. avellana nut has been widely carried out, but little is known about its phenolic content. In order to achieve deeper insight into the polar fraction of the n-butanol extracts of both fresh and roasted kernels of C. avellana cultivar, “Tonda di Giffoni” a PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) product of Campania region (Italy), a phytochemical investigation was carried out. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization, multiple-stage linear ion-trap and orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn) profile of the fresh and roasted hazelnut led to the identification of eleven phenolic compounds corresponding to diarylheptanoid derivatives, flavonoid O-glycosides and ellagic acid. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of isolated compounds was evaluated by TEAC assay which showed that ellagic acid and flavonoid derivatives possessed the highest free-radical-scavenging activity.
No Differences in Nasal Tissue Inflammatory Cells and Adhesion Molecules (iCAM-1 and vCAM-1) Based on the Comparison of EGPA With Eosinophilic Chronic Sinusitis With Polyposis
Authors: Brescia Giuseppe , Schiavon Franco , Nicolè Lorenzo , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Zanotti Claudia , Padoan Roberto , Felicetti Mara , Parrino Daniela , Cinetto Francesco , Cangiano Daniela , Giacomelli Luciano , Cappellesso Rocco , Martini Alessandro , Fassina Ambrogio , Marioni Gino 
Published: March 2019

Background An example of aggressive eosinophilic polyposis can be found in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (iCAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (vCAM-1) play a part in mediating the recruitment and adhesion of leukocytes to the vessel wall, and their blood-to-tissue migration under inflammatory conditions. Objective This prospective study compared 3 groups—patients with a definite diagnosis EGPA, non-EGPA patients with phenotypic features suggestive of EGPA, and patients with non-eosinophilic nasal polyposis (controls)—in terms of nasal tissue histology, iCAM-1 and vCAM-1 expression, and blood inflammatory cells. Methods A total of 58 adults underwent sinus surgery (13 patients with EGPA, 23 suspected of having EGPA, and 22 controls). Results Mean tissue eosinophil counts were significantly higher in EGPA patients and suspected cases of EGPA than in controls. Although iCAM-1 and vCAM-1 were diffusely expressed in sinonasal tissues, they did not differently stain EGPA, eosinophilic-type and non-eosinophilic polyposis. Blood basophil and eosinophil levels were high in both the EGPA and the suspected EGPA groups. Intergroup differences were found for eosinophils but not for basophils. Conclusions We do not have yet blood or tissue markers able to differentiate the early phase of EGPA from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Further investigations are mandatory considering EGPA patients at their initial diagnosis and before any treatment, in terms of nasal histology and blood inflammatory cells, to identify markers characterizing sinonasal mucosa inflammation and useful for an early diagnosis of EGPA.
Health-promoting lifestyle profile and associated factors among medical students in a Saudi university
Authors: Alzahrani Sami H , Malik Ahmad Azam , Bashawri Jamil , Shaheen Saleh Ageel , Shaheen Musab Mamdouh , Alsaib Abdullah Abdulaziz , Mubarak Mubarak Abdullah , Adam Youssouf Souleymane , Abdulwassi Hassan Khaled 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Health promotion is the main strategy for encouraging people to adopt a healthy lifestyle and for preventing non-communicable diseases. Medical students, in particular, are expected to have an important role in health promotion in their near future as physicians. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate all six components of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile and its sociodemographic determinants among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in January 2018 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of two parts: the first part included sociodemographic questions and body mass index measurement and the second part consisted of questions from the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Results: The study enrolled 243 medical students, of which 55.1% were male, 39.5% were in their fifth year, and more than half had a monthly family income above 20,000 Saudi Riyal. The mean body mass index of the respondents was 25.1 ± 5.2 (range = 13.7–43.8). The total mean score of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II was 123.8 ± 19.8 (range = 72–191). Study findings showed that health-promoting profiles differed by gender, particularly with respect to physical activity and interpersonal relationships. Factors were found to be associated with the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II subscales, including income and year of study. Conclusions: University students, and in particular health science students, represent an appropriate area for health promotion interventions to be established.
Survival rate of HIV-infected children after initiation of the antiretroviral therapy and its predictors in Ethiopia: A facility-based retrospective cohort
Authors: Arage Getachew , Assefa Mekonnen , Worku Teshager , Semahegn Agumasie 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine the survival rate and predictors of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy at two selected facilities in North Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Debre Tabor General Hospital and Dessie Referral Hospital from December 2005 to November 2015. A total of 426 records were included in the study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. Results: At the end of follow-up, 97 (22.9%) HIV-infected children died and 325 (77.1%) were alive. The probabilities of survival at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months of on antiretroviral therapy were 0.91, 0.85, 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. The median survival time was 91.6 months (95% confidence interval: 89.0–94.2). Almost half (51%) of the deaths occurred within the first 2 years of treatment. Study participants who had poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–7.5) and who started antiretroviral therapy with lower baseline weight-for-age Z-score (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–6.1) were significantly associated with high risk of mortality. On the other hand, study participants with a baseline CD4 count above 200 cells/mm3 (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.7; 95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.9) and those participants who had psychosocial support during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.7) were significantly associated with less mortality event. Conclusion: Mortality of children on antiretroviral therapy was high. The risk of mortality is increased if the child was underweight at the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, had lower baseline CD4 count, had poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and had no psychosocial support. Concerned stakeholders should focus on antiretroviral therapy adherence, nutritional interventions, psychological support and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy regardless of their CD4 count to enhance survival of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.
Cell-free DNA in the supernatant of pleural effusion can be used to detect driver and resistance mutations, and can guide tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment decisions
Authors: Hummelink Karlijn , Muller Mirte , Linders Theodora C. , van der Noort Vincent , Nederlof Petra M. , Baas Paul , Burgers Sjaak , Smit Egbert F. , Meijer Gerrit A. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , van den Broek Daan , Monkhorst Kim 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesMolecular profiling of tumours has become the mainstay of diagnostics for metastasised solid malignancies and guides personalised treatment, especially in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In current practice, it is often challenging to obtain sufficient tumour material for reliable molecular analysis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood or other bio-sources could present an alternative approach to obtain genetic information from the tumour. In a retrospective cohort we analysed the added value of cfDNA analysis in pleural effusions for molecular profiling.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed both the supernatant and the cell pellet of 44 pleural effusions sampled from 39 stage IV patients withKRAS(n=23) orEGFR(n=16) mutated tumours to detect the original driver mutation as well as forEGFRT790M resistance mutations. Patients were diagnosed with either NSCLC (n=32), colon carcinoma (n=4), appendiceal carcinoma (n=2) or adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (n=1). Samples collected in the context of routine clinical care were stored at the Netherlands Cancer Institute biobank. We used droplet digital PCR for analysis.ResultsThe driver mutation could be detected in 36 of the 44 pleural effusions by analysis of both the supernatant (35 out of 44 positive) and the cell pellet (31 out of 44 positive). In seven out of 20 pleural effusions from patients withEGFRmutation-positive tumours, a T790M mutation was detected. All seven supernatants and cell pellets were positive.ConclusionscfDNA in pleural effusion can be used to detect driver mutations as well as resistance mechanisms likeEGFRT790M in pleural effusion with high accuracy and is therefore a valuable bio-source.
Impact of a protocol-driven unified service for neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Batey Natalie , Batra Dushyant , Dorling Jon , Bhatt Jayesh Mahendra 
Published: March 2019

AimA new specialised service for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) was established in 2007, led by the paediatric respiratory team, transitioning from neonatal-led follow-up. The new service included the utilisation of a clear protocol. Our objective was to review whether this service initiation led to a reduction of time in LTOT and hospital readmissions.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born at <32 weeks’ gestation requiring LTOT in a single tertiary neonatal service. Cases were identified from hospital records, BadgerNet and a local database for two cohorts, 2004–2006 and 2008–2010. Data collected for infants requiring LTOT included demographic details, length of neonatal stay, time in oxygen and hospital attendance rates.ResultsThe initiation of the service led to an increase in the number of discharges in LTOT: 13.1% of infants born alive before 32 weeks’ gestation in comparison to 3.5% (p<0.001). However, the length of time in LTOT reduced from 15 to 5 months (p=0.01). There was no difference in hospital readmission rates (p=0.365).ConclusionsIn our experience the increase in neonates requiring LTOT is likely to be due to enhanced provision of overnight oximetry studies prior to discharge. Structured monitoring and weaning led to a shorter duration of home oxygen therapy.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Existence results for the general Schrödinger
equations with a superlinear Neumann boundary value problem
Authors: Liu Zhen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to study the general Schrödinger
equations with a superlinear Neumann boundary value problem in domains with conical
points on the boundary of the bases. First the formulation and the complex form of
the problem for the equations are given, and then the existence result of solutions
for the above problem is proved by the complex analytic method and the fixed point
index theory, where we absorb the advantages of the methods in recent works and give
some improvement and development. Finally, we are also interested in the asymptotic
behavior of solutions of the mentioned equation. These results generalize some
previous results concerning the asymptotic behavior of solutions of non-delay
systems of Schrödinger equations or of delay Schrödinger equations.
Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Eastell Richard , Rosen Clifford J , Black Dennis M , Cheung Angela M , Murad M Hassan , Shoback Dolores 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
The objective is to formulate clinical practice guidelines for the pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Conclusions
Evidence from clinical trials and insights from clinical experience with pharmacologic therapies for osteoporosis were critically evaluated in formulating this guideline for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Patient preferences, data on adherence and persistence, and risks and benefits from the patient and provider perspectives were also considered in writing committee deliberations. A consensus by the Writing Committee members was achieved for four management principles: (i) The risk of future fractures in postmenopausal women should be determined using country-specific assessment tools to guide decision-making. (ii) Patient preferences should be incorporated into treatment planning. (iii) Nutritional and lifestyle interventions and fall prevention should accompany all pharmacologic regimens to reduce fracture risk. (iv) Multiple pharmacologic therapies are capable of reducing fracture rates in postmenopausal women at risk with acceptable risk-benefit and safety profiles.