bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated eicosanoid lipidomics and gene expression reveal decreased prostaglandin catabolism and increased 5‐lipoxygenase expression in aggressive subtypes of endometrial cancer
Authors: Cummings Michele , Massey Karen A , Mappa Georgia , Wilkinson Nafisa , Hutson Richard , Munot Sarika , Saidi Sam , Nugent David , Broadhead Timothy , Wright Alexander I , Barber Stuart , Nicolaou Anna , Orsi Nicolas M 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEicosanoids comprise a diverse group of bioactive lipids which orchestrate inflammation, immunity, and tissue homeostasis, and whose dysregulation has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Among the various eicosanoid metabolic pathways, studies of their role in endometrial cancer (EC) have very much been confined to the COX‐2 pathway. This study aimed to determine changes in epithelial eicosanoid metabolic gene expression in endometrial carcinogenesis; to integrate these with eicosanoid profiles in matched clinical specimens; and, finally, to investigate the prognostic value of candidate eicosanoid metabolic enzymes. Eicosanoids and related mediators were profiled using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in fresh frozen normal, hyperplastic, and cancerous (types I and II) endometrial specimens (n = 192). Sample‐matched epithelia were isolated by laser capture microdissection and whole genome expression analysis was performed using microarrays. Integration of eicosanoid and gene expression data showed that the accepted paradigm of increased COX‐2‐mediated prostaglandin production does not apply in EC carcinogenesis. Instead, there was evidence for decreased PGE2/PGF2α inactivation via 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) in type II ECs. Increased expression of 5‐lipoxygenase (ALOX5) mRNA was also identified in type II ECs, together with proportional increases in its product, 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5‐HETE). Decreased HPGD and elevated ALOX5 mRNA expression were associated with adverse outcome, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical tissue microarray analysis of an independent series of EC specimens (n = 419). While neither COX‐1 nor COX‐2 protein expression had prognostic value, low HPGD combined with high ALOX5 expression was associated with the worst overall and progression‐free survival. These findings highlight HPGD and ALOX5 as potential therapeutic targets in aggressive EC subtypes. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a new nucleotide binding site by structural alignment and site directed mutagenesis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Yang Qingzhan , Shen Qingya , Zheng Jimin , Jia Zongchao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNucleotide binding proteins are involved in many important cellular processes and form one of the largest protein families. Traditionally, the identification of nucleotide binding motif, such as the ATP binding P‐loop, has relied on the comparison of protein sequences, consideration of the function of each of the proteins and the identification of signature motifs within the sequence. Sometimes, it is difficult to identify nucleotide binding proteins based on sequence alignment because of increased evolutionary distances. In such cases, structural alignments can provide a better guide for comparing specific features of sequences because the overall structures of these motifs are conserved despite low sequence identity. In the present study, on the basis of bioinformatics and structural comparison of three representative protein structures of Ham1 superfamily, YjjX, YggV, and YhdE, previously identified as nucleotide binding proteins, we have identified a novel nucleotide binding motif (T/SXXXXK/R). The importance of this signature motif in binding of nucleotides was validated using site directed mutagenesis. Mutations of conserved residues of the loop either decreased or completely abolished the nucleotide binding activity of the protein. We used the conserved motif identified in the study to search for other proteins having a similar motif. Two proteins, GTP cyclohydrolase II and dephospho‐CoA pyrophosphorylase showed presence of the loop, suggesting that this nucleotide binding motif is not unique in the Ham1 superfamily, but represents a novel NTP recognition motif.
Induced systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus by Phoma sp. GS8‐2 stimulates transcription of pathogenesis‐related genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a serious threat to vegetable production worldwide. The efficacy of Phoma sp. GS8‐2 was evaluated against CMV in Arabidopsis and cucumber plants.ResultsArabidopsis and cucumber plants treated with barley grain inoculum (BGI) or cell‐free filtrate (CF) of GS8‐2 demonstrated decreased CMV severity and titre using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay relative to the control. Cucumber growth and yield parameters were significantly increased due to colonization with GS8‐2 under field conditions. Molecular mechanisms underlying mediated resistance induced by GS8‐2 against CMV were investigated. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results confirmed that both BGI and CF of GS8‐2 stimulated the transcription levels of pathogenesis related genes (β1‐3 glucanase, chitinase, PR1, PAL1 and LOX1), which could be involved in induced resistance against CMV.ConclusionExploring the expression of the highly upregulated genes in GS8‐2‐induced plants suggested the contribution of multiple plant defence pathways against CMV. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A hybrid virtual network mapping algorithm based on threshold load
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Qin Lingyu , Liu Qingli , Liu Junmei , Ding Yuanming 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe virtual resource management architecture for satellite networks currently suffers from a very poor virtual network mapping success rate. This arises because of the need to map multiple heterogeneous virtual networks to the underlying satellite network. Most heuristic algorithms divide virtual network mapping into node mapping and link mapping, which aims to reduce the complexity of the problem. However, this approach is not well suited to highly dynamic satellite networks. In this paper, we propose a hybrid virtual network mapping algorithm that is based on threshold load. This takes the overall load for the nodes as its optimization objective, and combines the idea of backtracking contained in 1‐stage mapping methods and the idea of global optimization contained in 2‐stage mapping methods. The algorithm reduces the complexity of backtracking computation, while avoiding any incompleteness that might result from separating nodes and link mapping. The success rate for virtual network mapping is thus improved, as is the utilization rate for satellite network resources.
Fighting the inevitable: infrastructure investment and coastal community adaptation to sea level rise
Authors: Woodruff Sierra , BenDor Todd K. , Strong Aaron L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoastal communities are crafting adaptation strategies to confront sea level rise (SLR). Unfortunately, cost–benefit analyses that assess SLR risks often fail to capture important political and social feedbacks. For example, adaptation measures (e.g., beach nourishment) can trigger greater development, undermining the value of adaptation infrastructure, incentivizing development, and increasing risks. We integrate diverse literature and data to develop a hypothesis and system dynamics model of coastal community responses to SLR. We apply the model to two U.S. communities, showing how political influence drives trajectories of infrastructure provision, cost, and vulnerability. We find that delayed feedbacks between perceived SLR risk and infrastructure investments mediate relationships between political capital, migration, and economic development. Community wealth and political influence may only delay the overshoot and collapse of its population and economy, as the “virtuous cycles” linking growth with infrastructure investment give way to “vicious cycles” of mounting infrastructure costs, political resistance to additional investment, and greater vulnerability.Copyright © 2018 System Dynamics Society
Prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter species in dogs and cats in Iran
Authors: Torkan Saam , Vazirian Behnam , Khamesipour Faham , Dida Gabriel O. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCampylobacter is considered the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the world with C. jejuni being regarded as the primary cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. A broad range of other Campylobacter species, including C. coli have also been implicated in human gastroenteritis. This study sought to isolate, characterize and assess the antibiogram of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from faecal samples obtained from cats and dogs in Isfahan and Shahrekord cities in Iran. Faecal samples were collected from 100 pets comprising of 50 dogs and 50 cats from March 2015 to March 2016; incorporating the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Campylobacter spp. was isolated by culture, characterized by biochemical tests and confirmed by PCR‐based assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, using Mueller Hinton agar. A total of 19 Campylobacter isolates among them two C. jejuni and one C. coli were recovered from dogs and cats’ faecal samples. The prevalence rates of Campylobacter spp. were 16.0% (8 out of 50) in dogs and 22.0% (11 out of 50) in cats. The highest (4 out of 16, 25%) Campylobacter spp. prevalence among dogs was reported in autumn and the lowest (1 out of 11, 9.1%) in spring, while among the cats, the highest (4 out of 12, 33.3%) Campylobacter spp. prevalence was reported in summer and lowest (1 out of 11, 9.09%) in spring. Campylobacter spp. isolated from faecal samples obtained from cats and dogs exhibited the most frequent antimicrobial resistance against tetracycline at 81.8% and 87.5%, respectively, compared to all other antimicrobial agents. These results show a low prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in faecal samples obtained from pet dogs and cats in Shahrekord and Isfahan cities in Iran. Given the relatively low prevalence of the C. jejuni and C. coli in pet dogs and cats in Isfahan and Shahrekord cities, it can be assumed that their importance as reservoirs for infection in humans is likely to be limited to the studied cities, but should not be neglected.
Relation Between Religious Perspectives and Views on Sickle Cell Disease Research and Associated Public Health Interventions in Ghana
Authors: Dennis‐Antwi Jemima A. , Ohene‐Frempong Kwaku , Anie Kofi A. , Dzikunu Helen , Agyare Veronica A. , Okyere Boadu Richard , Sarfo Antwi Joseph , Asafo Mabel K. , Anim‐Boamah Oboshie , Asubonteng Augustine K. , Agyei Solomon , Wonkam Ambroise , Treadwell Marsha J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is highly prevalent in Africa with a significant public health burden for under‐resourced countries. We employed qualitative research methods to understand the ethical, legal, and social implications of conducting genomic research in SCD under the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) initiative. The present study focused on religious and cultural aspects of SCD with the view to identifying beliefs and attitudes relevant to public health interventions in Ghana. Thematic analyses from individual and group interviews revealed six key areas of importance, namely, reliance on a supreme being; religion as a disruptive influence on health behaviors; role of religious leaders in information sharing and decision‐making; social, religious, and customary norms; health and religious/supernatural beliefs; and need for social education and support through church and community. Findings suggest that public health programs in Ghana should not only aim at increasing knowledge and awareness about SCD and its management but also create an understanding of the relevance of genomics and alternative technological advancement to diagnosis and ethical decision‐making around available options for health seeking. Future research should engage communities to help address the ethical and social implications of a persuasive religious influence on SCD‐related health decisions.
What do we know about strategies to manage dementia‐related wandering? A scoping review
Authors: Neubauer Noelannah A. , Azad‐Khaneghah Peyman , Miguel‐Cruz Antonio , Liu Lili 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree of five persons with dementia will wander, raising concern as to how it can be managed effectively. Wander‐management strategies comprise a range of interventions for different environments. Although technological interventions may help in the management of wandering, no review has exhaustively searched what types of high‐ and low‐technological solutions are being used to reduce the risks of wandering. In this article, we perform a review of gray and scholarly literature that examines the range and extent of high‐ and low‐tech strategies used to manage wandering behavior in persons with dementia. We conclude that although effectiveness of 49 interventions and usability of 13 interventions were clinically tested, most were evaluated in institutional or laboratory settings, few addressed ethical issues, and the overall level of scientific evidence from these outcomes was low. Based on this review, we provide guidelines and recommendations for future research in this field.
Dress, gender and the embodiment of age: men and masculinities
Authors: Twigg Julia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe study explores the role of clothing in the constitution of embodied masculinity in age, contrasting its results with an earlier study of women. It draws four main conclusions. First that men's responses to dress were marked by continuity both with their younger selves and with mainstream masculinity, of which they still felt themselves to be part. Age was less a point of challenge or change than for many women. Second, men's responses were less affected by cultural codes in relation to age. Dress was not, by and large, seen through the lens of age; and there was not the sense of cultural exile that had marked many of the women's responses. Third, for some older men dress could be part of wider moral engagement, expressive of values linked positively to age, embodying old-fashioned values that endorsed their continuing value as older men. Lastly, dress in age reveals some of the ways in which men retain aspects of earlier gender privilege. The study was based on qualitative interviews with 24 men aged 58–85, selected to display a range in terms of social class, occupation, sexuality, employment and relationship status. It forms part of the wider intellectual movement of cultural gerontology that aims to expand the contexts in which we explore later years; and contributes to a new focus on materiality within sociology.
Response of fusion plasma-facing materials to nanosecond pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Straus Jaroslav , Kolacek Karel , Schmidt Jiri , Frolov Oleksandr , Vilemova Monika , Matejicek Jiri , Jager Ales , Juha Libor , Toufarova Martina , Choukourov Andrey , Kasuya Koichi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe experimental study of damage to tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and silicon carbide (SiC) surfaces induced by focused extreme ultraviolet laser radiation (λ ~ 47 nm/~1.5 ns/21–40 µJ) is presented. It was found that W and Mo behaved similarly: during the first shot, the damaged area is covered by melted and re-solidified material, in which circular holes appear – residua of just opened pores/bubbles, from which pressurized gas/vapors escaped. Next cracks and ruptures appear and the W has a tendency to delaminate its surface layer. Contrary, single-crystalline SiC has negligible porosity and sublimates; therefore, no escape of “pressurized” gas and no accompanying effects take place. Moreover, SiC at sublimating temperature decomposes to elements; therefore, the smooth crater morphology can be related to local laser energy density above ablation threshold. When more shots are accumulated, in all three investigated materials, the crater depth increases non-linearly with number of these shots. The surface morphology was investigated by an atomic force microscope, the surface structure was imaged by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the structure below the surface was visualized by SEM directed into a trench that is milled by focused ion beam. Additionally, structural changes in SiC were revealed by Raman spectroscopy.
THE THEORY OF EXPLOITATION AS THE UNEQUAL EXCHANGE OF LABOUR
Authors: Yoshihara Naoki , Veneziani Roberto 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:This paper explores the foundations of the theory of exploitation as the unequal exchange of labour (UEL). The key intuitions behind all of the main approaches to UEL exploitation are explicitly analysed as a series of formal axioms in a general economic environment. Then, a single domain condition calledLabour Exploitationis formulated, which summarizes the foundations of UEL exploitation theory, defines the basic domain of all UEL exploitation forms, and identifies the formal and theoretical framework for the analysis of the appropriate definition of exploitation.
Beyond Structure and Process: The Early Institutionalization of Regulatory Review
Authors: Rudalevige Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:With regulatory reform again on the presidential agenda, the history of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) provides a useful case study of organizational effectiveness. In 1981, President Ronald Reagan charged OIRA with imposing cost-benefit analysis on agency regulations, formalizing a new process of centralized regulatory review. But OIRA’s effectiveness flowed less from a single executive order than from the previous decade of presidential experimentation with regulatory review and Reagan’s continued investment in its institutionalization. This article draws extensively on archival documents to understand how regulatory review established itself as a constant of presidential management through the development of attributes such as staff capacity, organizational complexity, bureaucratic leverage, and reputation. Today’s policymakers should heed broader lessons for enhancing organizational effectiveness: singular structural and procedural changes are necessary, but not sufficient, for achieving reform.
The impact of automated feedback on L2 learners’ written causal explanations
Authors: Saricaoglu Aysel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEven though current technologies allow for automated feedback, evaluating content and generating discourse-specific feedback is still a challenge for automated systems, which explains the gap in research investigating the effect of such feedback. This study explores the impact of automated formative feedback on the improvement of English as a second language (ESL) learners’ written causal explanations within two cause-and-effect essays and across pre- and post-tests. Pre- and post-test drafts, feedback reports for first and revised drafts from the automated writing evaluation system, and screen-capturing videos collected from 31 students enrolled in two sections of an advanced-low-level academic writing class were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Findings revealed statistically significant changes in learners’ causal explanations within one cause-and-effect essay while no significant improvement was observed across pre- and post-tests. The findings of this study offer not only insights into how to further improve automated discourse-specific feedback but also pedagogical implications for better learning outcomes.
Effects of Tactical Emergency Casualty Care Training for Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Rothschild Heidie R. , Mathieson Kathleen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated how Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC) training prepared law enforcement officers (LEOs) with the tools necessary to provide immediate, on-scene medical care to successfully stabilize victims of trauma.MethodsThis was a retrospective, de-identified study using a seven-item Fairfax County (Virginia USA) TECC After-Action Questionnaire and Arlington County (Virginia USA) police reports.ResultsForty-six encounters were collected from 2015 through 2016. Eighty-four percent (n=39) of the encounters were from TECC After-Action Questionnaires and 15% (n=7) were from police reports. The main injuries included 13% (n=6) arterial bleeds, 46% (n=21) mild/moderate bleeds, 37% (n=17) large wounds, 20% (n=9) penetrating chest wounds, and 13% (n=6) open abdominal wounds. One-hundred percent of officers reported success in stabilizing victim injuries. Seventy-four percent of officers (n=26) did not encounter problems caring for a patient while 26% (n=9) encountered a problem. Ninety-seven percent (n=37/38) answeredYes, the training was sufficient, and three percent (n=1) indicated it wasOK.ConclusionThis is the most comprehensive study of TECC use among LEOs to date that supports the importance of TECC training for all LEOs in prehospital trauma care. Results of this study showed TECC training prepared LEOs with the operational tools necessary to provide immediate, on-scene medical care to successfully stabilize victims of trauma. Continuing to train increasing numbers of LEOs in TECC is key to saving the lives of victims of trauma in the future.RothschildHR,MathiesonK.Effects of Tactical Emergency Casualty Care training for law enforcement officers.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(5):495–500.
Memory Strategy Training in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Frankenmolen Nikita L. , Overdorp Eduard J. , Fasotti Luciano , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R. , Kessels Roy P.C. , Oosterman Joukje M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectives: Subjective memory complaints (SMC) in older adults are associated with a decline in everyday functioning and an increased risk for future cognitive decline. This study examines the effect of a memory strategy training compared to a control memory training on memory functioning in daily life. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial with baseline, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up assessments conducted in 60 older adults (50–87 years) with SMC. Participants were randomly assigned to either seven sessions of memory strategy training or seven sessions of control memory training. Both interventions were given in small groups and included psycho-education. Primary outcome measure was memory functioning in daily life. Objective measures of memory performance and self-reported measures of strategy use were included as secondary outcome measures. Results: Participants in each intervention group reported an improvement in personal memory goals (p<.0005), up to 6 months after training. An interaction effect showed that participants following memory strategy training reported a larger improvement in personal memory goals (p=.002). Both intervention groups improved on two memory tests (p<.001 and p<.01). In the memory strategy training group, an increase in strategy use in daily life was the strongest predictor (p<.05) of improvement in subjective memory functioning. Conclusions: Older adults with subjective memory complaints benefit from memory strategy training, especially in their memory functioning in daily life. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1110–1120)