bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human TRPA1 activation by terpenes derived from the essential oil of daidai, Citrus aurantium L. var. daidai Makino
Authors: Terada Yuko , Yamashita Rie , Ihara Nozomi , Yamazaki-Ito Toyomi , Takahashi Yuma , Masuda Haruka , Sakuragawa Satoshi , Ito Sohei , Ito Keisuke , Watanabe Tatsuo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Daidai (bitter orange, Citrus aurantium) is characterized by its fresh citrus scent. In Japanese cuisine, its juice is an important ingredient. As tons of industrial waste is obtained while processing the daidai juice, additional utilization of this waste has great social value. In our study, we prepared the essential oil from the waste obtained during daidai juice processing and demonstrated that the oil activates human TRPA1 (hTRPA1). This oil contains 10 types of terpenes, all of which activated hTRPA1 with an EC50 value of 6–167 µM. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show a hTRPA1 activation by five terpenes: linalyl acetate, geranyl acetate, osthole, geranyl propionate, and neryl acetate. Because physiological benefits of TRPA1 agonists, such as enhancement of energy metabolism and promotion of skin barrier recovery, have been reported, the oil could be a promising ingredient for anti-obesity food products and cosmetics.
Single‐leg cycling increases limb‐specific blood flow without concurrent increases in normalised power output when compared with double‐leg cycling in healthy middle‐aged adults
Authors: Gordon Nicole , Abbiss Chris R. , Maiorana Andrew J. , Peiffer Jeremiah J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examined the acute performance, cardiovascular and local muscular responses to perceived exertion‐based high‐intensity interval exercise using either double‐ or single‐leg cycling. Fifteen healthy middle‐aged adults completed, on separate occasions, ten 30‐s double‐leg intervals interspersed with 60 s passive recovery and twenty (ten with each leg) 30‐s single‐leg intervals interspersed with 60 s passive recovery. Impedance cardiography, blood pressure, muscle oxygenation and total haemoglobin content (near‐infrared spectroscopy), oxygen consumption and power output were measured throughout each session. Normalised to the lean mass used during each trial, single‐leg cycling resulted in lower power output (single‐leg: 8.92 ± 1.74 W kg−1 and double‐leg: 10.41 ± 3.22 W kg−1; p < 0.05) but greater oxygen consumption (single‐leg: 103 ± 11 mL kg−1 min−1 and double‐leg: 84 ± 21 mL kg−1 min−1; p < 0.01) and cardiac output (single‐leg: 1407 ± 334 mL kg−1 min−1 and double‐leg: 850 ± 222 mL kg−1 min−1; p < 0.01), compared with double‐leg cycling. Mean arterial pressure (double‐leg: 108 ± 11 mmHg and single‐leg: 102 ± 10 mmHg), change in total haemoglobin content (double‐leg: 8.76 ± 10.65 µM cm s−1 and single‐leg: 13.42 ± 4.10 µM cm s−1) and change in tissue oxygenation index (double‐leg: −4.51 ± 3.56% and single‐leg: −3.97 ± 3.91%) were not different between double‐leg and single‐leg cycling. When compared to double‐leg cycling, single‐leg cycling elicited a higher cardiac output relative to the lean mass, but this did not result in greater power output. The dissociation between blood availability and power output is consistent with an ageing model characterised by a decrease in local oxygen delivery and distribution capability.
Simulated dynamics of a plasma-sheath-liquid interface*
Authors: Holgate J T , Coppins M , Allen J E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The discovery of a highly-charged sheath region at the boundary between a plasma and a surface is one of the earliest and most important discoveries in plasma science. However sheath physics has almost always been omitted from studies of the dynamics of plasma-facing liquid surfaces which are rapidly assuming a pivotal role in numerous industrial and fusion applications. This paper presents full simulations of the plasma-sheath-liquid interface and finds good agreement with theoretical stability limits and experimental observations of cone formation and pulsed droplet ejection. Consideration of sheath physics is strongly encouraged in all future studies of plasma–liquid interactions.
The Energy Sources of Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Wang Shan-Qin , Wang Ling-Jun , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Supernovae (SNe) are the most brilliant optical stellar-class explosions. Over the past two decades, several optical transient survey projects discovered more than ∼ 100 so-called superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) whose peak luminosities and radiated energy are ≳ 7 × 1043 erg s−1 and ≳ 1051 erg respectively, at least an order of magnitude larger than those of normal SNe. According to their optical spectra features, SLSNe have been split into two broad categories of type I that are hydrogen-deficient and type II that are hydrogen-rich. Investigating and determining the energy sources of SLSNe would be of outstanding importance for understanding their stellar evolution and explosion mechanisms. The energy sources of SLSNe can be determined by analyzing their light curves (LCs) and spectra. The most prevailing models accounting for the SLSN LCs are the 56Ni cascade decay model, the magnetar spin-down model, the ejecta-circumstellar medium interaction model and the jet-ejecta interaction model. In this review, we present several energy-source models and their different combinations.
More than two hundred and fifty thousand spectroscopic binary or variable star candidates discovered by LAMOST
Authors: Qian Sheng-Bang , Shi Xiang-Dong , Zhu Li-Ying , Li Lin-Jia , Zhang Jia , Zhao Er-Gang , Han Zhong-Tao , Zhou Xiao , Fang Xiao-Hui , Liao Wen-Ping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
About 786.4 thousand stars were observed by LAMOST twice or more during the first stage of its spectroscopic survey. The radial velocity differences for about 256 thousand targets are larger than 10 km s−1 and they are possible spectroscopic binary or variable candidates (SBVCs). It is shown that most SBVCs are slightly metal poorer than the Sun. There are two peaks in the temperature distribution of SBVCs around 5760 K and 4870 K, while there are three peaks in the distribution of the gravitational acceleration at 2.461, 4.171 and 4.621 cm s−2. The locations of SBVCs on the [Fe/H]-T, [Fe/H]-log g, log g-T and H-R diagrams are investigated. It is found that the detected SBVCs could be classified into four groups. The first group has higher log g ∼4.621 and lower T ∼ 4870 K which are mainly cool red dwarf binaries. The second group of SBVCs has log g around 4.171 cm s−2 that includes binaries and pulsating stars such as δ Sct and γ Dor variables. The gravitational accelerations of the third group of SBVCs are higher and some of them are below the zero-age main sequence. They may be contact binaries in which the primary components are losing energy to the secondaries in the common envelopes and are at a special stellar evolutionary stage. The last group is composed of giants or supergiants with log g around 2.461 cm s−2 that may be evolved pulsating stars. One target (C134624.29+333921.2) is confirmed as an eclipsing binary with a period of 0.65 days. A preliminary analysis suggests that it is a detached binary with a mass ratio of 0.46. The primary fills its critical Roche lobe by about 89%, indicating that mass transfer will occur between the two components.
C/2015 O1: A long-period comet with photometric observations⋆
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Liu Jin-Zhong , Wang Ya-Hui , Lu Li-Na 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work, we report the observations of the long-period comet C/2015 O1 performed on 2018 January 29–30 and April 13 with the Nanshan 1-meter wide-field telescope operated by Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. We obtain the morphological features of C/2015 O1 using an image enhancement method, and calculate the dust-activity parameter A f ρ and the coma color based on photometric analysis. An obvious fan-shaped structure was observed at different observation times. We find that the activity of C/2015 O1 gradually decreases as the comet advances toward perihelion and the observed B − V and V − R colors are consistent with those of other comets.
Retrieving volume FeO and TiO2 abundances of lunar regolith with CE-2 CELMS data using BPNN method*
Authors: Liu Cai , Sun Hong-Yan , Meng Zhi-Guo , Zheng Yong-Chun , Lu Yu , Cai Zhan-Chuan , Ping Jin-Song , Gusev Alexander , Hu Shuo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The volume FeO and TiO2 abundances (FTAs) of lunar regolith can be more important for understanding the geological evolution of the Moon compared to the optical and gamma-ray results. In this paper, the volume FTAs are retrieved with microwave sounder (CELMS) data from the Chang’E-2 satellite using the back propagation neural network (BPNN) method. Firstly, a three-layered BPNN network with five-dimensional input is constructed by taking nonlinearity into account. Then, the brightness temperature (TB
) and surface slope are set as the inputs and the volume FTAs are set as the outputs of the BPNN network. Thereafter, the BPNN network is trained with the corresponding parameters collected from Apollo, Luna, and Surveyor missions. Finally, the volume FTAs are retrieved with the trained BPNN network using the four-channel TB
derived from the CELMS data and the surface slope estimated from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data. The rationality of the retrieved FTAs is verified by comparing with the Clementine UV-VIS results and Lunar Prospector (LP) GRS results. The retrieved volume FTAs enable us to re-evaluate the geological features of the lunar surface. Several important results are as follows. Firstly, very-low-Ti (<1.5 wt.%) basalts are the most spatially abundant, and the surfaces with TiO2 > 5 wt.% constitute less than 10% of the maria. Also, two linear relationships occur between the FeO abundance (FA) and the TiO2 abundance before and after the threshold, 16 wt.% for FA. Secondly, a new perspective on mare volcanism is derived with the volume FTAs in several important mare basins, although this conclusion should be verified with more sources of data. Thirdly, FTAs in the lunar regolith change with depth to the uppermost surface, and the change is complex over the lunar surface. Finally, the distribution of volume FTAs hints that the highlands crust is probably homogeneous, at least in terms of the microwave thermophysical parameters.
Transition-region explosive events produced by plasmoid instability
Authors: Li Dong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is thought to be a key process in most solar eruptions. Thanks to highresolution observations and simulations, the studied scale of the reconnection process has become smaller and smaller. Spectroscopic observations show that the reconnection site can be very small, which always exhibits a bright core and two extended wings with fast speeds, i.e., transition-region explosive events. In this paper, using the PLUTO code, we perform a 2-D magnetohydrodynamic simulation to investigate small-scale reconnection in double current sheets. Based on our simulation results, such as the line-of-sight velocity, number density and plasma temperature, we can synthesize the line profile of Si IV 1402.77 Å which is a well known emission line used to study transition-region explosive events on the Sun. The synthetic line profile of Si IV 1402.77 Å is complex with a bright core and two broad wings which can extend to nearly 200 km s−1. Our simulation results suggest that the transition-region explosive events on the Sun are produced by plasmoid instability during small-scale magnetic reconnection.
Magnetic flux participation in solar surface magnetism during solar cycle 24
Authors: Jin Chun-Lan , Wang Jing-Xiu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study aims at investigating surface magnetic flux participation among different types of magnetic features during solar cycle 24. State-of-the-art observations from SDO/HMI and Hinode/SOT are combined to form a unique database in the interval from April 2010 to October 2015. Unlike previous studies, the statistics presented in this paper are feature-detection-based. More than 20 million magnetic features with relatively large scale, such as sunspot/pore, enhanced and quiet networks, are automatically detected and categorized from HMI observations, and the internetwork features are identified from SOT/SP observations. The total flux from these magnetic features reaches 5.9×1022 Mx during solar minimum and 2.4×1023 Mx in solar maximum. Flux occupation from the sunspot/pore region is 29% in solar maximum. Enhanced and quiet networks contribute 18% and 21% flux during the solar minimum, and 50% and 9% flux in the solar maximum respectively. The internetwork field contributes over 55% of flux in the solar minimum, and its flux contribution exceeds that of sunspot/pore features in the solar maximum. During the solar active condition, the sunspot field increases its area but keeps constant flux density of about 150G, while the enhanced network follows the sunspot number variation showing increasing flux density and area, but the quiet network displays decreasing area and somewhat increasing flux density of about 6%. The origin of the quiet network is not known exactly, but is suggestive of representing the interplay between mean-field and local dynamos. The source, magnitude and possible importance of ‘hidden flux’ are discussed in some detail.
The relationship between the radio core-dominance parameter and spectral index in different classes of extragalactic radio sources (II)
Authors: Pei Zhi-Yuan , Fan Jun-Hui , Bastieri Denis , Sawangwit Utane , Yang Jiang-He 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be divided into two major classes, namely radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs. A small subset of the radio-loud AGNs is called blazars, which are believed to be unified with Fanaroff-Riley type I/II (FRI/II) radio galaxies. Following our previous work (Fan et al.), we present a sample of 2400 sources with measured radio flux densities of the core and extended components. The sample contains 250 BL Lacs, 520 quasars, 175 Seyferts, 1178 galaxies, 153 FRI or FRII galaxies and 104 unidentified sources. We then calculate the radio core-dominance parameters and spectral indices, and study their relationship. Our analysis shows that the core-dominance parameters and spectral indices are quite different for different types of sources. We also confirm that the correlation between core-dominance parameter and spectral index exists for a large sample presented in this work.
Measurements of atmospheric turbulence parameters at Vainu Bappu Observatory using short-exposure CCD images
Authors: Sreekanth Reddy V. , Banyal Ravinder Kumar , Sridharan R. , Selvaraj Aishwarya 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report atmospheric turbulence parameters, namely atmospheric seeing, tilt-anisoplanatic angle (θ
0) and coherence time (τ
0), measured under various sky conditions, at Vainu Bappu Observatory in Kavalur. Bursts of short exposure images of selected stars were recorded with a high-speed, frame-transfer CCD mounted on the Cassegrain focus of a newly commissioned 1.3 m telescope. The estimated median seeing is ≈ 1.85″ at wavelength of ∼ 600 nm, the image motion correlation between different pairs of stars is ∼ 44% for θ
0 ≈ 36″ and mean τ
0 is ≈ 2.4 ms. This work was motivated by the design considerations and expected performance of an adaptive optics system that is currently being planned for the telescope.
Radial velocity measurements from LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic observations: a pointing towards the Kepler field
Authors: Liu Nian , Fu Jian-Ning , Zong Weikai , Shi Jian-Rong , Luo A-Li , Zhang Hao-Tong , Cui Xiang-Qun , Hou Yong-Hui , Pan Yang , Shan Xin-Rui , Chen Jian-Jun , Bai Zhong-Rui , Chen Jian-Xing , Du Bing , Hou Wen , Liu Yu-Chen , Tian Hao , Wang Jiang-Tao , Wang Jia-Xin , Wu Ke-Fei , Wu Yu-Zhong , Yan Hong-Liang , Zuo Fang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Radial velocity is one of the key measurements in understanding the fundamental properties of stars, stellar clusters and the Galaxy. A plate of stars in the Kepler field was observed in May of 2018 with the medium-resolution spectrographs of LAMOST, aiming to test the performance of this new system which is the upgraded equipment of LAMOST after the first five-year regular survey. We present our analysis on the radial velocity measurements (RVs) derived from these data. The results show that slight and significant systematic errors exist among the RVs obtained from the spectra collected by different spectrographs and exposures, respectively. After correcting the systematic errors with different techniques, the precision of RVs reaches ∼1.3, ∼1.0, ∼0.5 and ∼0.3 km s−1 at S/N
r
= 10, 20, 50 and 100, respectively. Comparing with the RVs of standard stars from the APOGEE survey, our RVs are calibrated with a zero-point shift of ∼7 km s−1. The results indicate that the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic system may provide RVs with a reasonable accuracy and precision for the selected targets.
Optimizing dynamics of integrated food–energy–water systems under the risk of climate change
Authors: Memarzadeh Milad , Moura Scott , Horvath Arpad 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Integrated management of food–energy–water systems (FEWS) requires a unified, flexible and reproducible approach to incorporate the interdependence between sectors, and include the risk of non-stationary environmental variations due to climate change. Most of the recently developed methods in the literature fall short of one or more aspects in such integration. In this article, we propose a novel approach based upon fundamentals of decision theory and reinforcement learning that (1) quantifies and propagates uncertainty, (2) incorporates resource interdependence, (3) includes the impact of uncontrolled variables such as climate variations, and (4) adaptively optimizes management decisions to minimize the costs and environmental impacts of crop production. Moreover, the proposed method is robust to problem-specific complexities and is easily reproducible. We illustrate the framework on a real-world case study in Ventura County, California.
Consumers’ Motivation to Participate in the “One Day No Rice” Policy
Authors: Arsil P , Sularso K E , Mulyani A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The one day no rice policy has been emerged aiming to encourage Indonesian consumers to substitute rice with other local food staples and to diversify their daily consumption. This study aims to investigate consumers’ motivation to participate in the one day no rice policy. A hundred respondents from Yogyakarta city was interviewed using laddering method of administration. A means-end chain approach was used to analyse data that consists of four steps: laddering interview, content analysis, generating and interpreting hierarchy value map (HVM). The results show that there are three main pathways in the HVM regarding consumers’ motivation to participate in one day no rice policy. They are 1). Food habit, 2) fulfil daily needs and 3) supporting local food policy. These motives can be used to promote local food policy particularly encouraging consumers to diversify their daily food consumption other than rice.
What is out there? a typology of land restoration projects in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Coppus R , Romijn JE , Méndez-Toribio M , Murcia C , Thomas E , Guariguata MR , Herold M , Verchot L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Restoring degraded lands is high on the international agenda and the number of restoration projects in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has increased considerably over the past decades. However, the variety of approaches used have not been systematically documented and analyzed. We aimed to develop a restoration typology as a function of the geographical and socio-economical setting, planning, timeframe, finances, implementation, monitoring and potential impact, which will help to discern broad patterns and identify gaps in project implementation in LAC. We categorized 97 restoration projects using Multiple Correspondence Analysis and a Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components. Three main restoration types emerged from the clustering, with the main defining variables being: (1) project area under restoration, (2) amount of funding received, (3) source of funding and (4) monitoring efforts. The first type are large-scale projects, which receive high amounts of funding provided by international donors, and with a well-established monitoring plan; the second type are projects financed with private money, typically lacking a sound monitoring program; and the third type represents small projects with low amounts of funding, financed with public funds from national governments, often with a rudimentary monitoring plan. The typology enables a comparative analysis of the status and trends of restoration activities across Latin America. We conclude that, despite growing awareness and recognition that integrated approaches are needed to revert complex and interconnected socio-economic and environmental issues like land degradation, the socio-economic dimension remains underexposed in the majority of restoration projects, whereas monitoring is still regarded as an extra cost instead of a necessary investment.
Data-driven rational biosynthesis design: from molecules to cell factories
Authors: Chen Fu , Yuan Le , Ding Shaozhen , Tian Yu , Hu Qian-Nan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A proliferation of chemical, reaction and enzyme databases, new computational methods and software tools for data-driven rational biosynthesis design have emerged in recent years. With the coming of the era of big data, particularly in the bio-medical field, data-driven rational biosynthesis design could potentially be useful to construct target-oriented chassis organisms. Engineering the complicated metabolic systems of chassis organisms to biosynthesize target molecules from inexpensive biomass is the main goal of cell factory design. The process of data-driven cell factory design could be divided into several parts: (1) target molecule selection; (2) metabolic reaction and pathway design; (3) prediction of novel enzymes based on protein domain and structure transformation of biosynthetic reactions; (4) construction of large-scale DNA for metabolic pathways; and (5) DNA assembly methods and visualization tools. The construction of a one-stop cell factory system could achieve automated design from the molecule level to the chassis level. In this article, we outline data-driven rational biosynthesis design steps and provide an overview of related tools in individual steps.
Connectivity Dynamics in Dryland Litter Cycles: Moving Decomposition beyond Spatial Stasis
Authors: Throop Heather L , Belnap Jayne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDrylands (arid and semiarid ecosystems) cover nearly half of Earth's terrestrial surface, but biogeochemical pools and processes in these systems remain poorly understood. Litter can account for a substantial portion of carbon and nutrient pools in these systems, with litter decomposition exerting important controls over biogeochemical cycling. Dryland decomposition is typically treated as a spatially static process in which litter is retained and decomposed where it is initially deposited. Although this assumption is reasonable for mesic systems with continuous plant canopy cover and a stable subcanopy litter layer, dryland pools generally reflect discontinuous inputs from heterogeneous canopy cover followed by substantial litter transport. In the present article, we review horizontal and vertical transport processes that move litter from the initial deposition point and retention elements that influence litter accumulation patterns. Appreciation of the spatially dynamic litter cycle, including quantitative assessment of transport patterns, will improve estimates of the fate and distribution of organic matter in current and future drylands.