bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organometallic Ru(III) Catalysts for α‐Alkylation of Carbonyl Compounds using Alcohols: Mechanistic Insights via Detection of Key Intermediates
Authors: Singh Sain , Saini Rajat , Kumar Chaudhary Virendra , Ghosh Kaushik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThree novel cyclometalated ruthenium complexes ([Ru.L(9)] [Ru.L(10)] and [Ru.L(11)]) featuring azo functionalities were synthesized and characterized using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, namely FT‐IR, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and ESI‐MS. Representative solid‐state structures of the acquired complexes were determined through X‐ray crystallography. These complexes were evidenced to be efficient catalysts for the synthesis of various α‐alkylated compounds utilizing simple acetophenone derivatives with easily affordable and economically viable alcohols, which were isolated and characterized via 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The optimum reaction conditions were found by employing toluene as solvent and potassium tert‐butoxide as a base at 115 °C temperature utilizing 0.8 mol % of catalyst [Ru.L(10)]. The yield of the desired compounds was found to be in the range of 83–97 %. Additionally, mass spectrometry provided insights into the in‐situ generated ruthenium hydride and ruthenium alkoxy intermediates, shedding light on the catalytic mechanism.
Clinical Risk Factors for High‐Dose Methotrexate‐Induced Oral Mucositis Following Individualized Dosing
Authors: Hu Zhongbo , Escalera‐Joy Andrea M. , Ashcraft Emily , Acharya Rushil , Jeha Sima , Cheng Cheng , Pui Ching‐Hon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral mucositis affects about 20% of children undergoing high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), despite existing management strategies. Personalized HDMTX dosing, adjusted by pharmacokinetics and leukemia risk, has reduced mucositis incidence, but variations still occur with similar 24‐h methotrexate levels.MethodsThis retrospective study investigated risk factors for oral mucositis under individualized methotrexate protocols. Data from patients with ≥ Grade 2 oral mucositis (CTCAE v4.0) were analyzed from the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital total 16 trial. A 1:1 case–control matching method considered age, sex, risk classification, immunophenotype, and methotrexate course. McNemar's, Bowker's symmetry, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used for statistical analyses. Risk factors for recurrent mucositis were identified in a case‐only analysis.ResultsThe study found significant associations between methotrexate‐induced mucositis and new‐onset skin rashes (p = 0.0027), fever (p = 0.0016), neutropenic fever (p = 0.0008), lower absolute neutrophil count (p < 0.0001), acute kidney injury (AKI) (p = 0.0164), delayed methotrexate clearance (p = 0.0133), and higher 42‐h methotrexate levels (p = 0.0179). In the standard/high‐risk group, mercaptopurine dose was also linked to mucositis (p = 0.0495). Multivariable analysis showed that skin rashes (OR 6.5, p = 0.0016), fever (OR 2.8, p = 0.009), and neutropenia (OR 2.3, p = 0.0106) were independent risk factors for mucositis. Female sex (OR 7.12, p = 0.015) and AKI (OR 3.819, p = 0.037) were associated with recurrent mucositis.ConclusionsFever, skin rashes, AKI, delayed methotrexate clearance, and higher 42‐h methotrexate levels were key risk factors for HDMTX‐induced oral mucositis. Skin rashes, fever, and neutropenia were independent predictors, while female sex and AKI were linked to recurrent mucositis.
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumor presenting with chronic diarrhea and mesenteric ischemia: A case report
Authors: Sawaf Bisher , Abbarh Shahem , Ahmed Ashraf I. , Halabiya Malik , Ismail Abdellatif , Mezhoud Souraia 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors is often challenging owing to the nonspecific presentation. This may lead to delayed diagnosis and serious, rare complications, such as acute mesenteric ischemia. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing such cases.AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells within the digestive tract. Despite their rarity, their incidence is increasing, necessitating a better understanding of their presentation and management. In the present report, we present a case of duodenal bulb NET that caused chronic diarrhea and unintentional weight loss for 2 years before manifesting as acute mesenteric ischemia. This case sheds light on the diagnostic challenges associated with GI NETs, particularly in cases with nonspecific symptoms. In addition, it underscores the importance of prompt recognition and management, as evidenced by the progression of the patient to acute mesenteric ischemia.
RMND1 and PLN variants are the underlying cause of Perrault‐like syndrome and cardiac anomalies in a patient
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Barnett Cara L. , Widmeyer Kimberly M. , Wang Xinjian , Brightman Diana S. , Noonan Carolee W. , Weaver Kathryn N. , Hopkin Robert J. , Wu Yaning 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageRecent studies have established an association between RMND1 variants and Perrault syndrome. In this case report, we present a female patient with Perrault syndrome and cardiomyopathy, resulting from variants in RMND1 and PLN, respectively.
Aqueous Synthesis of Green Fluorescence Non‐Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles by In Situ Formation of Poly‐Ionic Complexes
Authors: Chun Wong Ho , Ting Ng Leong , Kau Lam Ying , Li Pei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a novel method for synthesizing water‐based non‐conjugated polymer nanoparticles that possess green fluorescence. This synthesis involves the crosslinking of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with glutaraldehyde (GA), followed by in situ polymerization of an acrylic acid‐based monomer. The nanoparticles are formed through self‐assembly driven by in situ electrostatic complexation, resulting in unique photoluminescence properties. This process involves the negatively charged polymer, formed via graft and homo‐polymerization, interacting with the pre‐existing positively charged PEI. The nanoparticles consist solely of heteroatomic bonds like C−O, C−N, C=O, and C=N. The restriction of vibrational and rotational relaxation of these bonds within the nanoscale poly‐ionic complex enhances their photoluminescence properties. For example, glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked polyethyleneimine/poly(methacrylic acid) (gPEI/PMAA) nanoparticles produced by this method demonstrate outstanding properties including a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 35 nm, excitation‐dependent fluorescence with a green emission peak at 527 nm when excited at 480 nm, and a high quantum yield of up to 23.6 % (±1.2 %). The green fluorescence property of the nanoparticles can be used in the generation of white LED light through incorporating them with silicone and coating them onto a blue light LED chip. This study represents a significant improvement in the fluorescence properties of PEI‐based materials and opens up new possibilities for their applications in various fields.
Reducing Non‐Radiative Energy Losses in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Nan , Guo Yawen , Song Haoming , Liu Yahui , Lu Hao , Bo Zhishan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has surpassed the 20 % threshold, highlighting their considerable potential as next‐generation energy conversion devices. In comparison to inorganic or perovskite solar cells, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of OSCs is constrained by substantial non‐radiative energy losses (ΔEnr), leading to values notably below those anticipated by the Shockley‐Queisser limit. In OSCs, non‐radiative energy losses are intimately associated with the electroluminescent quantum efficiency (EQEEL) of charge transfer states, which is in turn directly affected by the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of acceptor materials. Consequently, enhancing the PLQY of low‐bandgap acceptor materials has emerged as a pivotal strategy to effectively mitigate ΔEnr. This review article delves into the intrinsic correlation between molecular structure and PLQY from the vantage point of acceptor material design. It further explores methodologies for designing acceptor materials exhibiting high PLQY, with the ultimate goal of realizing OSCs that combine high efficiency with minimal ΔEnr.
A Survey of Melatonin in Dietary Supplement Products Sold in the United States
Authors: Pawar Rahul S. , Coppin Julia P. , Khanna Saara , Parker Christine H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the United States, melatonin products are widely available as dietary supplements. During the past few decades, melatonin products have gained popularity primarily as a sleep aid, with a variety of product forms available for different age groups of consumers. Recent reports have highlighted a rise in melatonin ingestion among children reported to poison control centers. The increased use of melatonin‐containing products, the diversity in product forms, and reported label discrepancies has emphasized the need for additional research to better understand the marketplace. This work aims to measure melatonin content in products sold as dietary supplements and marketed for children, evaluate method performance across different product categories, and determine if product form has an impact on melatonin stability. One hundred ten (110) dietary supplement products labeled to contain melatonin and marketed towards children were purchased and analyzed using a targeted LC‐MS/MS method validated for the qualitative determination of serotonin and quantification of melatonin, N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK), and N1‐acetyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AMK). Melatonin was identified in 108 of 110 products (98%) with a median concentration of 1.2 mg/g (range: 0.017–130 mg/g) or 1.7 mg/serving (range: 0.042–50 mg/serving). Further, in the tested products, melatonin content ranged from 0% to 667% of the label declaration. This study provides evidence to inform safety assessments and investigate potential factors that may influence reported concentrations, such as product stability and matrix influences.
The Unmet Treatment Need for Eating Disorders: What Has Changed in More Than 10 Years? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ali Kathina , Radunz Marcela , McLean Siân A. , O'Shea Anne , Mavrangelos Teri , Fassnacht Daniel B. , Hart Laura 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveA minority of individuals with eating disorders seek help from health professionals qualified to provide eating disorder care. This review assessed the proportion of individuals with eating disorders who had sought help or received treatment, as an update to an earlier review conducted more than a decade ago.MethodThree databases were searched for studies that: (1) included a community sample of help‐seekers and non‐help seekers, (2) used a standardized eating disorder screening instrument, and (3) assessed the percentage of participants who had sought help specifically for eating disorder concerns.ResultsOf 972 articles, 21 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 37,423 participants. The pooled proportion reporting help‐seeking from any source (e.g., helpline, support groups, chat rooms as well as health professionals) was 30% and the pooled proportion reporting formal treatment seeking from health professionals (e.g., psychologist) specifically for eating disorder concerns was 32%. However, there was evidence of publication bias across studies.DiscussionThese rates suggest little to no improvement in the unmet need for treatment since the last review with studies continuing to focus on white adult women. Help‐seeking rates among other populations remain unclear and there is an urgent need to understand reasons for overall low help‐seeking rates. Clear definitions and measures of help‐seeking with appropriate distinctions between sources of help are needed to improve our understanding of help‐seeking pathways and identify solutions to facilitate help‐seeking. Better visibility of health professionals qualified to provide safe and effective eating disorder care could help reduce the substantial treatment gap.
An eco‐friendly Na‐ion battery utilizing biowaste‐derived carbon and birnessite with enhanced high voltage reaction
Authors: Ortiz Gregorio F. , Ma Ruqin , Luo Mingzeng , Yixiao Li , Zhanning He , Su Yu , Huang Jiale , Yang Yong , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTrigonal birnessite (Na0.5MnO2·0.7H2O) with quasi‐hexagonal‐stacked particles is synthesized by a simple procedure. The MnO6 layers are expanded (ca. 7.1 Å as confirmed by HRTEM) by sodium ion and water molecules permitting the cyclability of the cathode up to 4.4 V without anionic redox effect. This particular phase exhibits sodium storage performance with 181.2 mA h g−1 reversible capacity, high Coulombic efficiency (99.8%), good rate performance (20–640 mA g−1), and 80% capacity retention over 200 cycles. X‐ray adsorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectra at Mn‐k edge confirmed that the main redox component is Mn3+/Mn4+. An environmental‐friendly Na‐ion full cell is assembled with this cathode and biowaste‐derived carbon (obtained from trash of lemon peels) anode and provided ∼ 330 Wh kg−1 energy density (at the material's level) which is preserved at ∼71% over 200 cycles. Manganese, sodium, and carbon are cheap and eco‐friendly materials for practical energy storage eagerly sought after in the industry.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Soybean Oil: Focus on Degumming of Soybean Crude Oil and the Quality of Degummed Oil
Authors: Wu Xixi , Gao Tian , Shang Baiyu , Geng Mengjie , Li Lijia , Feng Xumei , Wang Xiangyu , Teng Fei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of ultrasonic‐assisted degumming technology on the degumming of soybean crude oil, and the quality change of degummed oil was analyzed. The response surface method designed by Box–Behnken was used to optimize the degumming process conditions. Under the optimal conditions of water addition of 6 mL/100 g, ultrasonic temperature of 45°C, ultrasonic time of 10 min, and ultrasonic power of 60 W, the degumming rate was 73.82%, which was 21.69% higher than that of hydration degumming (52.13%). The phosphorus content of ultrasound‐assisted hydration degummed oil (31.21 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of hydration degummed oil (57.08 mg/kg) and soybean crude oil (119.23 mg/kg). The phospholipid composition and content of degummed oil (phosphatidic acid [PA]: 2.00 mg/g) were lower than that of the hydrated degummed oil (phosphatidylethanolamine [PE]: 0.93 mg/g; PA: 2.28 mg/g) and soybean crude oil (phosphatidylcholine: 9.50 mg/g, PE: 7.28 mg/g, phosphatidylinositol: 7.13 mg/g, and PA: 3.41 mg/g). The results showed that ultrasonic‐assisted degumming could significantly reduce the acid value of oil (1.60 mg/g) and slightly reduce the iodine value (130 g/100 g). Moreover, the oxidation stability of the oil was slightly improved. In addition, ultrasonic‐assisted hydration degumming could improve the color of oil and slightly reduce the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in soybean oil. Aldehydes, alcohols, and acids were identified as the main volatile flavor components for the degummed oil. Therefore, the ultrasonic‐assisted hydration method can improve the degumming effect and soybean oil quality.Practical Applications: Response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic‐assisted degumming process of soybean crude oil. Compared with hydration degumming, ultrasonic‐assisted hydration degumming improved degumming effect, reduced phospholipid content, made soybean oil clear and bright, weakened the flavor of natural oils such as crude oil and nuts, and improved the oxidation stability of oil. Moreover, ultrasonic‐assisted hydration degumming could slightly reduce the content of UFAs in soybean oil. At the industrial level, the introduction of ultrasonic technology in one step of the application process is a green processing technology, which is conducive to the production of high‐quality refined oil.
Heat transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid under the effects of surface roughness along with velocity and thermal slips
Authors: Siddique Imran , Irfan Muhammad , Al‐Dossari Mawaheb , Alqahtani A. , Nazeer Mubbashar , Saydaxmetova Shaxnoza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSurface roughness has a great impact on the peristaltic motion of nanofluid flow and plays an important role in engineering, manufacturing, and material sciences. During tissue engineering, imaging techniques, implant surface finish, surgical instrument texture, and tissue engineering, and so forth. This study explores the effects of electrical double layers, surface roughness, velocity slip, and thermal slip to investigate the heat transfer rate of cobalt and alumina nanoparticles with water through uniform and nonuniform horizontal tubes. In the present study, the Jeffrey nanofluid flow model is chosen to investigate the heat transfer phenomenon of hybrid nanofluids based on alumina and cobalt nanoparticles suspension in water. The effects of electroosmosis, surface roughness, viscous dissipation, heat source/sink parameter, velocity, and thermal slips are also under consideration during the peristaltic motion of hybrid nanofluid in uniform and nonuniform tubes. The mathematical software MATHEMATICA 13.3 is utilized to find the exact solution and graphical results to investigate the complicated flow behavior. It is noticed that the velocity near the walls of the tube is lower for the surface roughness parameter and higher in the core part. The behavior of velocity for the remaining parameter is the opposite. The temperature of the current fluid flow increases for all parameters except the surface roughness parameter. The effects of velocity for hybrid nanofluid are prominent as compared with nanofluid in the core part. The temperature profile and heat transfer rate for hybrid nanofluids are lower as compared with nanofluids, which shows the cooling effects. This study is beneficial for hyperthermia, gene therapy, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and inflammatory markers associated with gallbladder dysplasia: A case–control analysis within a series of patients undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Rosa Lorena , Cook Paz , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Kemp Troy J. , Hildesheim Allan , Pehlivanoglu Burcin , Adsay Volkan , Bellolio Enrique , Araya Juan Carlos , Pinto Ligia , Ferreccio Catterina , Aguayo Gloria , Viñuela Eduardo , Koshiol Jill 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInflammation has been associated with the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC). However, little is known about the associations of both, inflammation and the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with preneoplastic lesions. We analyzed the association of NSAIDs and gallbladder dysplasia in 82 patients with dysplasia and 1843 patients with gallstones among symptomatic patients from a high‐risk population. We also analyzed associations for 33 circulating immune‐related proteins in a subsample of all 68 dysplasia cases diagnosed at the time of sample selection and 136 gallstone controls. We calculated age‐ and sex‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Biliary colic was reported among most cases (97.6%) and controls (83.9%). NSAID use was inversely associated with gallbladder dysplasia (OR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.26–0.83). Comparing the highest versus lowest category of each immune‐related protein, eight proteins were inversely associated with dysplasia with sex‐ and age‐adjusted ORs ranging from 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12–0.77) for IL‐33 to 0.76 (95%CI: 0.59–0.99) for MIP‐1B. Of those, GRO remained associated with dysplasia (OR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45–0.91) and BCA‐1 was borderline associated (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.54–1.01) after adjusting the logistic regression model for sex, age, and NSAIDs. In conclusion, NSAID users were less likely to have gallbladder dysplasia, suggesting that NSAIDs might be beneficial for symptomatic gallstones patients. The inverse association between immune‐related markers and dysplasia requires additional research, ideally in prospective studies with asymptomatic participants, to understand the role of the inflammatory response in the natural history of GBC and to address the biological effect of NSAIDs.
Update on the diagnosis of canine liver disease
Authors: Butler Tom , Bexfield Nick 
Published: November 2024

Background: Liver disease in dogs is relatively common, but diagnosis can be challenging. Advances in veterinary medicine in the past 20 years have provided new and improved methods of diagnosing many different conditions that commonly affect the canine liver.Aim of the article: This article outlines a logical approach to cases of suspected liver disease in dogs, which can often present with non‐specific clinical signs and clinicopathological findings.
Dexamethasone regime and clinical outcomes in children hospitalized with croup: A cohort study
Authors: D'Arienzo David , Nasser Muhammadhasan , Gill Peter J. , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Parkin Patricia C. , Mahant Sanjay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality trial evidence supports the use of one dose of dexamethasone in the outpatient management of croup; however, there are no inpatient trials, and the optimal treatment regimen for the inpatient management of croup remains uncertain. Significant practice variability exists in the corticosteroid treatment of children hospitalized for croup.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of dexamethasone treatment regimen (1 vs. >1 dose) with hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30‐day return to emergency department (ED) visits among children hospitalized for croup.MethodsA cohort study of children hospitalized for croup at a children's hospital between 2010 and 2022. Children less than 10 years old, without known airway anomalies and who received dexamethasone for croup treatment were included. Children who received 1 dose versus >1 dose of dexamethasone were compared. Propensity score analyses, using inverse probability of treatment weighting, were conducted to estimate the treatment effects of dexamethasone regimen on hospital LOS and all‐cause 30‐day return to ED visit.ResultsOf 471 children hospitalized for croup, 229 (49%) received 1 dose of dexamethasone; 242 (51%) received >1 dose. In the propensity‐weighted analyses, children receiving >1 dose of dexamethasone had a longer mean LOS by 59.6 h (95% CI 44.8–74.5, p < .001) compared with those receiving >1 dose. There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of all‐cause 30‐day return to ED visit; OR 1.30, (95% CI 0.76–2.22, p = .33).ConclusionsAmong children hospitalized for croup, children who received >1 dose of dexamethasone had a longer LOS compared with children who received 1 dose of dexamethasone; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the 30‐day return to ED visits. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal dexamethasone treatment regimen for children hospitalized with croup.