bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Serum Metabolome‐Based Test for Early‐Stage Detection of Multiple Cancers
Authors: Nagarkar Rajnish , Gopichand Mamillapalli , Pal Suparna Kanti , Gupta Ankur , Saquib Najmuddin Md , Ahmad Ahmad , Sagar Ganga , Rao Kanury V. S. , Siddiqui Zaved , Longkumer Imliwati 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDetection of cancer at the early stage currently offers the only viable strategy for reducing disease‐related morbidity and mortality. Various approaches for multi‐cancer early detection are being explored, which largely rely on capturing signals from circulating analytes shed by tumors into the blood. The fact that biomarker concentrations are limiting in the early stages of cancer, however, compromises the accuracy of these tests. We, therefore, adopted an alternate approach that involved interrogation of the serum metabolome with machine learning‐based data analytics. Here, we monitored for modulations in metabolite patterns that correlated with the presence or absence of cancer. Results obtained confirmed the efficacy of this approach by demonstrating that it could detect a total of 15 cancers in women with an average accuracy of about 99%.AimsTo further increase the scope of our test, we conducted an investigator‐initiated clinical trial involving a total of 6445 study participants, which included both cancer patients and non‐cancer volunteers. Our goal here was to maximize the number of cancers that could be detected, while also covering cancers in both females and males.Methods and ResultsMetabolites extracted from individual serum samples were profiled by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high‐resolution mass spectrometer using an untargeted protocol. After processing, the data were analyzed by our cancer detection machine‐learning algorithm to differentiate cancer from non‐cancer samples. Results revealed that our test platform could indeed detect a total of 30 cancers, covering both females and males, with an average accuracy of ~98%. Importantly, the high detection accuracy remained invariant across all four stages of the cancers.ConclusionThus, our approach of integrating untargeted metabolomics with machine learning‐powered data analytics offers a powerful strategy for early‐stage multi‐cancer detection with high accuracy.Trial Registration: Registration No: CTRI/2023/03/050316
Conservative Resolution of a Vesicovaginal Fistula Including Laser Therapy in a Patient Who Underwent Recurrent Surgery After Prior Radiotherapy for Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Buda Alessandro , Mauro Jessica , Varvello Francesco , Antolini Jacopo , Di Guardia Giuseppe , Bar Enrica , Filipello Federica , Milani Rodolfo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIsolated vaginal vault recurrence of endometrial cancer can be treated with rescue radiotherapy. However, in previously irradiated patients, surgical resection can be considered the treatment of choice. Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVFs) sometimes complicate the surgical intervention because of the presence of massive ischemia and fibrosis of pelvic tissue from previous irradiation. Traditional strategies for the treatment of VVFs include endoscopic treatment (when feasible) or a laparoscopic, robotic, or open abdominal approach in some experiences through a transvesical route. The last approach can be associated with long inpatient hospital stays, postoperative complications, and failure, especially in obese patients. Our report proposes a conservative approach with prolonged catheterization and placement of nephrostomy tubes to treat a VVF with laser therapy of the fistula.CaseWe present the case of a woman with a second relapse of endometrial cancer at the level of the vaginal vault, after a hysterectomy and then radiotherapy for a first relapse, who underwent robotic partial colpectomy, with an intraoperative bladder lesion, which was repaired with interrupted stitches. However, the patient developed a vesicovaginal fistula. A conservative approach was initially undertaken as an alternative to the surgical repair of the fistula. After the clinical and radiological confirmation of the fistula andconsidering the patient's clinical condition, the multidisciplinary team proposed a conservative management of the fistula as an alternative to fistula surgical repair. Bladder catheter Ch 20 and bilateral nephrostomy did not completely resolve the fistula, with a minor residual linkage between the bladder and the vaginal vault after 8 months from the robotic surgery. A single/month diode laser application for 3 months was added to the conservative treatment. Cystography was negative at the end of laser sessions, and both nephrostomies were removed 1 week later. After 6 months, clinical and radiological follow‐up was negative, and no further vaginal urine loss was recorded.ConclusionWe believe that conservative management of a complex vesicovaginal fistula after multiple treatments for endometrial cancer is possible. In this scenario, laser therapy can be a valuable clinical tool to improve the outcome, with reduced invasiveness for the patient.
Crosstalk Between the Intratumoral Microbiota and the Tumor Microenvironment: New Frontiers in Solid Tumor Progression and Treatment
Authors: Zhou Qing , Zhou Lijun , Chen Xi , Chen Qiuyan , Hao Lu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe microbiota plays a significant role in the tumor microenvironment, and its impact on tumor development and treatment outcome cannot be overlooked. Thus, it is essential to comprehend the interactions between the microbiota and the tumor microenvironment.Recent FindingsWith the advent of next‐generation sequencing, microbiota research has advanced significantly in recent years. The interaction between the intratumoral microbiota and the tumor microenvironment is an emerging area of research that holds great promise for understanding and treating solid tumor progression. This crosstalk between the intratumoral microbiota and the tumor microenvironment is a complex process that involves a multitude of factors, including the immune system, cellular signaling pathways, and metabolic processes. The origin of the intratumoral microbiota differs between various solid tumor, and the quantity and diversity of intratumoral microbiota also fluctuate significantly within each solid tumor.ConclusionThe aim of this review is to provide a detailed summary of the intratumoral microbiota in various types of solid tumors. This will include an analysis of their origins, differences, and how they impact the progression of solid tumors. Furthermore, we will emphasize the significant potential that the intratumoral microbiota holds for the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors.
Conceptualizing Surface‐Like Diffusion for Ultrafast Ionic Conduction in Solid‐State Materials
Authors: Zhang Jingxi , Dong Yanhao , Wang Chang‐An 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSurface‐like diffusion is a recently proposed concept to explain the mechanism of ultrafast ionic conduction in high‐rate oxide (e. g., niobium oxides and their alloys with TiO2 and WO3) and framework materials (e. g., Prussian blue analogs). This perspective seeks to illustrate the structural origin, theoretical foundation, and experimental evidences of surface‐like diffusion. Unlike classical lattice diffusion, which typically involves ionic hopping between adjacent interstitial sites in solids, surface‐like diffusion occurs when ions–that are significantly smaller than the interstitials–migrate along the off‐center path in the diffusion channel. This mechanism results in an exceptionally low activation energy (Ea) down to 0.2 eV, which is crucial for achieving high‐rate performance in electrochemical devices such as lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. This concept review also discusses the criteria to identify materials with potential surface‐like diffusion and outlines theoretical and experimental tools to capture such phenomenon. Several candidates for further investigation are proposed based on the current understanding of the mechanism.
AI‐Driven Learning and Regeneration of Analog Circuit Designs From Academic Papers
Authors: Xiong Wenxiao , Meng Xiangyu , Tao Yuwen , Ling Peng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based framework designed for learning and regenerating analog circuits from academic papers. The framework comprises four distinct modules: circuit extractor, table extractor, text extractor, and simulation executor. The circuit extractor module utilizes deep learning object detection to identify devices and their associated textual descriptions while extracting interconnections between devices. The table extractor module handles textual and image‐based tables, extracting device parameters, and simulation data. The text extractor module leverages optical character recognition (OCR) and AI models to extract supplementary information. The simulation executor employs this information to conduct simulations and optimize circuit performance. In our experiments, our method effectively extracts multimodal circuit design information, achieving an average accuracy of up to 97% in target detection within the circuit extractor module. The improved performance during the simulation process further validates the effectiveness of our framework.
Self‐Decoupled Four/Six‐Element MIMO Antenna Designed With Manufactured Coconut Husk–Based Substrate and Its Measured Dielectric Properties
Authors: Biswas Ashim Kumar , Pandey Raju , Pattanayak Soumya Sundar , Chakraborty Ujjal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a very low–profile self‐decoupled four/six‐element multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna. Dielectric properties as measured of a manufactured biomass substrate are used to design the antenna. On the antenna's top surface, two types of asymmetric antenna elements are used. Among the six elements—two pairs are symmetric, and the third pair is slightly different with respect to the first two pairs in dimension. The antenna covers the impedance bandwidth of 5.14 to 7.15 GHz. It confirms the WLAN (5.15–5.85 GHz) and C‐band uplink (5.925–6.425 GHz) application bands with greater than 20 dB of port isolation without exploring any additional decoupling network. A prototype of the assembly is fabricated and necessary parameters are measured. Very low correlations between the antenna elements are found. The evaluated diversity performances and radiation characteristics are good enough to recognize the proposed MIMO structure.
One in Five Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Individuals With Diabetes Attributed to Elevated Remnant Cholesterol
Authors: Wadström Benjamin N. , Pedersen Kasper M. , Wulff Anders B. , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsElevated remnant cholesterol (= the cholesterol carried in triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins) is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and is common in individuals with diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that ASCVD in individuals with diabetes can be partly attributed to elevated remnant cholesterol.Materials and MethodsWe included 3806 individuals with diabetes identified among 107,243 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and used multivariable adjusted Poisson regression to estimate the fraction of ASCVD attributable to elevated remnant cholesterol. Elevated remnant cholesterol was defined as levels higher than those observed in individuals with non‐high‐density lipoprotein (non‐HDL) cholesterol < 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), the European guideline goal. Results were replicated in the UK Biobank.ResultsDuring 15 years of follow‐up, 498 patients were diagnosed with ASCVD, 172 with peripheral artery disease, 185 with myocardial infarction and 195 with ischaemic stroke. In individuals with non‐HDL cholesterol < 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and in all individuals with diabetes, median remnant cholesterol levels were 0.5 mmol/L (20 mg/dL) and 0.8 mmol/L (31 mg/dL). The fraction of events attributable to elevated remnant cholesterol was 19% (95% confidence interval: 10%–28%) for ASCVD, 21% (5%–37%) for peripheral artery disease, 24% (10%–37%) for myocardial infarction and 17% (1%–31%) for ischaemic stroke; in the UK Biobank, corresponding values were 16% (9%–22%), 25% (12%–36%), 17% (8%–25%) and 7% (0%–19%), respectively.ConclusionsOne in five ASCVD events in individuals with diabetes can be attributed to elevated remnant cholesterol. It remains to be determined in clinical trials if remnant cholesterol‐lowering therapy may prevent ASCVD.
Sex Identification of a Multispecies Carinatae Birds by Chicken EE0.6 Gene Using Real‐Time Recombinase‐Aid Amplification Assay
Authors: Zeng Fanwen , Zhong Wanhuan , Chen Tanzipeng , Wang Guoqian , Sa Jiaqi , Zhang Shouquan , Wei Hengxi , Chen Xuanjiao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe difficulty in bird sex identification has made molecular sexing an important way to solve this problem. The conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are time‐consuming and dependent on laboratory equipment. Recombinase‐aided amplification (RAA) is a rapid, specific, sensitive, and cost‐effective isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique. Hence, a rapid birds sexing method based on real‐time RAA targeting the unique conserved sequence 0.6‐kb EcoRI fragment (EE0.6) gene of Carinatae birds has been established and showed good specificity at 39°C for 20 min. The limit of detection for the real‐time RAA assay was determined to be 10 pg., which is 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay. For real clinical samples, the real‐time RAA assay was successfully determined sex in a subset of nine bird species and was 100% consistent with the conventional PCR assay. Consequently, the present real‐time RAA assay proves to be a powerful on‐site detection tool that can be used for an efficient and reliable birds sexing for further studies on sex ratio and captive management.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Precipitation Drives the Genome Size Variation in Scolopendra in Chinese Mainland
Authors: Zhang Kai , Dayananda Buddhi , Liu Yifei , Hu Zhigang , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGenome size is an adaptive trait, and its variations influence the organismal phenotype and fitness. In this study, we propose a hypothesis linking variations in genome size within Scolopendra to ecological factors. To test this hypothesis, we employed flow cytometry to estimate genome size in seven Scolopendra species from Chinese mainland. Subsequently, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of these species using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene and conducted phylogenetic comparative analysis to assess the relationships between genome size and niche breadth or 19 bioclimatic variables. Our findings indicate the following: (1) genome size in Scolopendra can be categorized into three groups, similar to the phylogenetic clades; (2) there is a negative correlation between genome size in Scolopendra species and the precipitation niche breadth of species; (3) the estimated divergence time of Scolopendra dates back 153 Mya, during the Jurassic period. We assume that consistent aridity geological periods may promote the evolution of Scolopendra species with a large genome size, whereas rapidly fluctuating humidity geological periods may have the opposite effect.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance with multiple paraproteins: A population‐based screening study
Authors: Rögnvaldsson Sæmundur , Óskarsson Jón Þ. , Thorsteinsdóttir Sigrun , Hultcrantz Malin , Palmason Robert , Sverrisdottir Ingigerdur S. , Eythorsson Elias , Long Thorir E. , Olafsson Isleifur , Thorsteinsdottir Ingunn , Vidarsson Brynjar , Onundarson Pall T. , Agnarsson Bjarni A. , Sigurdardottir Margret , Jonsson Asbjorn , Durie Brian G. M. , Harding Stephen , Landgren Ola , Love Thorvardur J. , Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the precursor of multiple myeloma (MM) and related disorders. MGUS is characterized by asymptomatic paraproteinemia. In some cases, multiple paraproteins can be identified but the clinical implications of this phenomenon are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to inform the approach to this challenging MGUS subgroup by utilizing data from iStopMM, a population‐based screening study and randomized trial of follow‐up strategies. In total, 75,422 Icelanders over the age of 40 were screened for MGUS with 3389 (4.4%) having at least one paraprotein of whom 303 (9%) had multiple paraproteins. IgM paraproteins were more common in those with multiple paraproteins (49% vs. 27% of paraproteins, p < 0.001), and IgM and non‐IgM paraproteins frequently co‐occurred (60% of cases). Two‐thirds of these participants were randomized to active follow‐up where only 31% of multiple paraproteins were persistent. Paraprotein concentrations were mostly independent, and although progression events were few, the progression rate was similar between those with multiple paraproteins and a single paraprotein. In a next‐generation flow cytometry (NGF) sub‐study, two phenotypically distinct aberrant plasma cell populations could be identified in some with multiple paraproteins. The findings suggest that multiple paraproteins often reflect independent ongoing disease processes that should be monitored independently but otherwise treated similarly to other MGUS cases. Specifically, the findings highlight the need for independent monitoring of IgM and non‐IgM paraproteins in these individuals. The study provides novel insights into the management of this understudied MGUS subset.
The incidence and clinical significance of monoclonal and oligoclonal protein bands in multiple myeloma patients after BCMA–CAR‐T cell therapy: A retrospective study based on LEGEND‐2
Authors: Liu Rui , Gao Gongzhizi , Chen Hongli , Dong Ruijun , Zhang Wanggang , Zhao Wanhong , Liu Jie , Wang Jianli , Lei Bo , Wang Baiyan , Liu Jiali , Xu Xuezhu , Lin Zujie , Yang Ruoyu , Wang Yiwen , He Aili , Wang Fangxia , Bai Ju 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emergence of abnormal protein bands (APBs), also known as oligoclonal protein bands, has been documented in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the incidence rate and clinical significance of APBs remain contentious. Few studies have explored the occurrence and prognostic implications of APBs in patients with MM treated with B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA)–specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T therapy. In this retrospective study, we examined the frequency, isotypes, and duration of APBs, as well as their correlation with MM disease characteristics, treatment response, clinical outcomes, and immune signature in patients with relapsed/refractory MM who had received LCAR‐B38M therapy at the Xi'an site of the phase 1 LEGEND‐2 trial. Among 47 patients assessed, 23 (48.9%) developed APBs following CAR‐T therapy, with IgG being the most common isotype. The median onset and duration of APBs post‐CAR‐T infusion were 3.6 and 5.8 months, respectively. Patients with APBs demonstrated significantly improved response to LCAR‐B38M therapy, along with longer overall and progression‐free survival. Furthermore, those with APBs exhibited enhanced recovery rates of immunoglobulins and higher absolute counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes post‐CAR‐T treatment compared to those without APBs. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the percentages of various T‐cell subsets and natural killer cells. Overall, the presence of APBs in patients with MM following CAR‐T treatment was associated with deeper remission and a more favorable prognosis, suggesting a robust humoral response and subsequent immune reconstitution.
Government Subsidies and Operational Efficiency: Evidence From the United States
Authors: Sun Hua , Xu Hongkang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the United States, prior research links government subsidies to corporate misconduct and income smoothing, fueling debates over the elimination of these subsidies. Contrasting these findings, our study investigates the association between government subsidies and operational efficiency in US firms from 2004 to 2022, using data from the Subsidy Tracker database. We find a significant positive association between government subsidies and operational efficiency, suggesting that these subsidies enhance firms’ resource management and competitive positioning. Further analysis indicates that subsidies exert a more pronounced positive effect on firms with substantial R&D investments. Additionally, we find that government subsidies are positively related to corporate innovation activities and new hiring, highlighting the diverse benefits of subsidies in stimulating innovation and economic growth. This study provides essential insights into the potential of government subsidies as a strategic tool for enhancing operational efficiency, innovation, and employment within the corporate landscape.
The Information Content of Earnings: The Effects of a Change in Accounting Approach
Authors: Cabán David 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study leverages the adoption of ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” to examine the effects of transitioning from a rules‐based to a principles‐based approach on the information content of earnings along with two of its most important attributes: predictive value and asymmetry. By introducing a common principles‐based framework, ASC 606 resolves inconsistencies found in earlier rules‐based standards and fosters uniformity in financial reporting. However, this change might also diminish the uniqueness of financial information, a critical factor in the decision‐making process. The findings reveal a significant increase in the overall market's information content of earnings post‐ASC 606 implementation. Industries with complex revenue recognition processes and long‐term contracts, such as information technology, real estate, and communications, experienced the most significant improvements. These industries benefited from the increased flexibility and professional judgment allowed under ASC 606, resulting in more accurate future earnings forecasts. However, the study also finds that ASC 606 has increased information asymmetry, particularly in industries with complex transactions. This suggests that while the principles‐based approach enhances the informativeness and predictive value of earnings, it also introduces challenges in interpreting and applying the new standards, leading to increased information asymmetry. These findings have important implications for standard setters, regulators, and practitioners in financial reporting.