bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal distress in 1p36 deletion syndrome can mimic hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Carter Lauren B. , Battaglia Agatino , Cherry Athena , Manning Melanie A. , Ruzhnikov Maura RZ , Bird Lynne M. , Dowsett Leah , Graham John M. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Hashem Mais , Dinulos Mary Beth , Vallee Stephanie , Adam Margaret P. , Glass Ian , Beck Anita E. , Stevens Cathy A. , Zackai Elaine , McDougall Carey , Keena Beth , Peron Angela , Vignoli Aglaia , Seaver Laurie H. , Slavin Thomas P. , Hudgins Louanne 
Published: June 2019

Abstract1p36 deletion syndrome is a well‐described condition with a recognizable phenotype, including cognitive impairment, seizures, and structural brain anomalies such as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). In a large series of these individuals by Battaglia et al., “birth history was notable in 50% of the cases for varying degrees of perinatal distress.” Given the potential for perinatal distress, seizures and PVL, we questioned if this disorder has clinical overlap with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We reviewed the medical records of 69 individuals with 1p36 deletion to clarify the perinatal phenotype of this disorder and determine if there is evidence of perinatal distress and/or hypoxic injury. Our data provides evidence that these babies have signs of perinatal distress. The majority (59% term; 75% preterm) needed resuscitation and approximately 18% had cardiac arrest. Most had abnormal brain imaging (84% term; 73% preterm) with abnormal white matter findings in over half of patients. PVL or suggestion of “hypoxic insult” was present in 18% of term and 45% of preterm patients. In conclusion, individuals with 1p36 deletion have evidence of perinatal distress, white matter changes, and seizures, which can mimic HIE but are likely related to their underlying chromosome disorder.
Elucidating the Doping Effect on the Electronic Structure of Thiolate‐Protected Silver Superatoms by Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Kuenhee , Hirata Keisuke , Nakamura Katsunosuke , Kitazawa Hirokazu , Hayashi Shun , Koyasu Kiichirou , Tsukuda Tatsuya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGas‐phase photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) was conducted on [XAg24(SPhMe2)18]− (X=Ag, Au) and [YAg24(SPhMe2)18]2− (Y=Pd, Pt), which have a formal superatomic core (X@Ag12)5+ or (Y@Ag12)4+ with icosahedral symmetry. PES results show that superatomic orbitals in the (Au@Ag12)5+ core remain unshifted with respect to those in the (Ag@Ag12)5+ core, whereas the orbitals in the (Y@Ag12)4+ (Y = Pd, Pt) core shift up in energy by about 1.4 eV. The remarkable doping effect of a single Y atom (Y=Pd, Pt) on the electronic structure of the chemically modified (Ag@Ag12)5+ superatom was reproduced by theoretical calculations on simplified model systems and was ascribed to 1) the weaker binding of valence electrons in Y@(Ag+)12 compared to Ag+@(Ag+)12 due to the reduction in formal charge of the core potential, and 2) the upward shift of the apparent vacuum level due to the presence of a repulsive Coulomb barrier between [YAg24(SPhMe2)18]− and electron.
Reversing Chemoselectivity: Simultaneous Positive and Negative Catalysis by Chemically Equivalent Rims of a Cucurbit[7]uril Host
Authors: Rad Nazar , Danylyuk Oksana , Sashuk Volodymyr 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnzyme catalysis has always been an inspiration and an unattainable goal for chemists due to features such as high specificity, selectivity, and efficiency. Here, we disclose a feature neither common in enzymes nor ever described for enzyme mimics, but one that could prove crucial for the catalytic performance of the latter, namely the ability to catalyze and inhibit two different reactions at the same time. Remarkably, this can be realized by two identical, spatially resolved catalytic sites. In the future, such a synchronized catalyst action could be used not only for controlling chemoselectivity, as in the present case, but also for regulating other types of chemical reactivity.
Efficient Innate Immune Killing of Cancer Cells Triggered by Cell‐Surface Anchoring of Multivalent Antibody‐Recruiting Polymers
Authors: Uvyn Annemiek , De Coen Ruben , Gruijs Mandy , Tuk Cees W. , De Vrieze Jana , van Egmond Marjolein , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBinding of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) onto a cell surface triggers antibody‐mediated effector killing by innate immune cells through complement activation. As an alternative to mAbs, synthetic systems that can recruit endogenous antibodies from the blood stream to a cancer cell surface could be of great relevance. Herein, we explore antibody‐recruiting polymers (ARPs) as a novel class of immunotherapy. ARPs consist of a cell‐binding motif linked to a polymer that contains multiple small molecule antibody‐binding motifs along its backbone. As a proof of concept, we employ a lipid anchor that inserts into the phospholipid cell membrane and make use of a polymeric activated ester scaffold onto which we substitute dinitrophenol as an antibody‐binding motif. We demonstrate that ARPs allow for high avidity antibody binding and drive antibody recruitment to treated cells for several days. Furthermore, we show that ARP‐treated cancer cells are prone to antibody‐mediated killing through phagocytosis by macrophages.
Oxygen Vacancies on Layered Niobic Acid That Weaken the Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xu Lingling , Zhao Hongyang , Sun Mingzi , Huang Bolong , Wang Jianwei , Xia Jiale , Li Na , Yin Dandan , Luo Meng , Luo Feng , Du Yaping , Yan Chunhua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxygen vacancies are usually considered to be beneficial in catalytic conversion of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries. Now it is demonstrated that the conversion of polysulfides was hindered by oxygen vacancies on ultrathin niobic acid. The inferior performance induced by the oxygen vacancy was mainly attributed to the decreased electric conductivity as well as the weakened adsorption of polysulfides on the catalyst surface. This work shows that the care should be taken when designing a new catalyst for the lithium–sulfur battery using a defect‐engineering strategy.
Ternary CoPtAu Nanoparticles as a General Catalyst for Highly Efficient Electro‐oxidation of Liquid Fuels
Authors: Li Junrui , Jilani Safia Z. , Lin Honghong , Liu Xiaoming , Wei Kecheng , Jia Yukai , Zhang Peng , Chi Miaofang , Tong YuYe J. , Xi Zheng , Sun Shouheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEfficient electro‐oxidation of formic acid, methanol, and ethanol is challenging owing to the multiple chemical reaction steps required to accomplish full oxidation to CO2. Herein, a ternary CoPtAu nanoparticle catalyst system is reported in which Co and Pt form an intermetallic L10‐structure and Au segregates on the surface to alloy with Pt. The L10‐structure stabilizes Co and significantly enhances the catalysis of the PtAu surface towards electro‐oxidation of ethanol, methanol, and formic acid, with mass activities of 1.55 A/mgPt, 1.49 A/mgPt, and 11.97 A/mgPt, respectively in 0.1 m HClO4. The L10‐CoPtAu catalyst is also stable, with negligible degradation in mass activities and no obvious Co/Pt/Au composition changes after 10 000 potential cycles. The in situ surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy study indicates that the ternary catalyst activates the C−C bond more efficiently for ethanol oxidation.
Green synthesis of Pd truncated octahedrons using of firmiana simplex leaf extract and their catalytic study for electro‐oxidation of methanol and reduction of p‐nitrophenol
Authors: Peng Xuwen , Bai Xuefeng , Cui Zelin , Liu Xuhui 
Published: June 2019

A facile and eco‐friendly biosynthetic route for preparing Pd truncated octahedrons (PdTOs) using firmiana simplex leaf extract was reported without any chemical reducing agents. The information of reducing components, reduction process and time were obtained by ATR‐FTIR imaging, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, respectively. TEM image revealed that more than 75% of PdNPs were composed of PdTOs with an average diameter of 9.2 nm. HR‐TEM analysis demonstrated that a single PdTO consisted of the mix of {100} and {111} crystal planes. SAED and XRD pattern confirmed the well crystalline nature of fcc structured PdTOs. The model reactions of electro‐oxidation of methanol and reduction of p‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) were adopted to explore the effects of structure and size of PdNPs on the catalytic properties. In the electro‐oxidation of methanol, the forward‐scan peak current density (If) of PdTOs was 10.05 mA cm‐2, 6.3 times and 1.9 times of PdNPs‐0 and PdNPs‐4:1, illustrating its superior electro‐catalytic property to that of spherical PdNPs. In the p‐NP reduction reaction, the apparent rate constant (Ka) over PdTOs was 0.358 min‐1, higher than spherical PdNPs‐0 (0.08 min‐1) with the similar particle size and lower than the same spherical PdNPs‐4:1 (0.562 min‐1) and commercial Pd/C (0.415 min‐1), which all about half the size of PdTOs. It has been demonstrated that electro‐chemical oxidation of methanol was a structure‐sensitive reaction, while the reduction of p‐NP was mainly dependent on the particle size of PdNPs.
Degradation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide by Acinetobacter Sp. M and Its Extracellular Enzymes
Authors: Hao Jian , Wang Penghong , Kang Yufei , He Haitao , Luo Huihua , Kim Sarah , Niu Lili , Jiang Haizhen , Ma Kesen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Acinetobacter sp. strain M isolated from a contaminated soil sample in Jiangsu Province of China was found to be able to degrade perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) effectively. Fluoride anion (F−) released from PFOSA degradation was detected by ion chromatography, and showed positive correlation to the growth curve of Acinetobacter sp. strain M. The PFOSA degradation efficiency of strain M was approximately 27 %, as assessed by GC analysis. It was shown that enzymes localized outside of cells of Acinetobacter sp. strain M catalyzed the degradation of PFOSA. This further indicates a possibly new (multi‐step/pathway) mechanism for PFOSA degradation. It revealed that the extracellular enzyme of the Acinetobacter strain M preferentially cleaves carbon‐carbon and carbon‐fluorine bonds instead of destroying the carbon‐sulfur bond. The growth condition for Acinetobacter sp. strain M was optimized at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 2000 mg L−1 of PFOSA and 0.5 % (v/v) of Tween‐20. The optimal PFOSA degradation time was found to be 12 h, with a degradation efficiency of 76 % by extracellular enzymes in strain M as determined by GC analysis. The result may provide potential applications for biodegradition of perfluoro organic compounds, such as derivatives of perfluorooctane (C8).
Copper Oxide Nanomaterials Derived from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and Berberis lyciumRoyle Plant Species: Characterization, Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Mirza Azar Ullah , Khan Mohd Shoeb , Nami Shahab A. A. , Kareem Abdul , Rehman Sumbul , Bhat Shahnawaz Ahmad , Nishat Nahid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCopper oxide nanomaterials were synthesized by a facile sustainable biological method using two plant species (Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and Berberis lycium Royle). The formation of materials was confirmed by FT‐IR, ATR, UV‐visible, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, TGA and PL. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method to ascertain the efficacy of plant species extract and extract derived copper oxide nanomaterials against six Gram‐positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium xerosis, Bacillus cereus and four Gram‐negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris against the standard drug, Ciprofloxacin for Gram‐positive and Gentamicin for Gram‐negative bacteria, respectively. In both cases, copper oxide nanomaterials were found to be sensitive in all the bacterial species. Sensitivity of copper oxide nanomaterials shows an be higher as compared to plant species extract against different bacteria. Scavenging activity of plant extracts along with nanomaterials have been accessed using previously reported protocols employing ascorbic acid as standard. Scavenging activity of copper oxide nanomaterials shows an increase with increase in concentration. The biological activity (bactericidal and scavenging efficiency) of plant derived copper oxide nanomaterials revealed that these materials can be used as potent antimicrobial agent and DPPH scavengers in industrial as well as pharmacological fields.
Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Bowker Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the future we will be phasing out the use of fossil fuels in favour of more sustainable forms of energy, especially solar derived forms such as hydroelectric, wind and photovoltaic. However, due to the variable nature of the latter sources which depend on time of day, and season of the year, we also need to have a way of storing such energy at peak production times for use in times of low production. One way to do this is to convert such energy into chemical energy, and the principal way considered at present is the production of hydrogen. Although this may be achieved directly in the future via photocatalytic water splitting, at present it is electrolytic production which dominates thinking. In turn, it may well be important to store this hydrogen in an energy dense liquid form such as methanol or ammonia. In this brief review it is emphasised that CO2 is the microscopic carbon source for current industrial methanol synthesis, operating through the surface formate intermediate, although when using CO in the feed, it is CO which is hydrogenated at the global scale. However, methanol can be produced from pure CO2 and hydrogen using conventional and novel types of catalysts. Examples of such processes, and of a demonstrator plant in construction, are given, which utilize CO2 (which would otherwise enter the atmosphere directly) and hydrogen which can be produced in a sustainable manner. This is a fast‐evolving area of science and new ideas and processes will be developed in the near future.
Catalytic Alkynylation of Polyfluoroarenes by Amide Base Generated In Situ
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Okawa Takuya , Imamatsu Masaya , Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe herein demonstrate that the amide base generated in situ from CsF and N(TMS)3 catalyzes the deprotonative coupling reactions of terminal alkynes with polyfluoroarenes, wherein mono‐ and dialkynylations occur efficiently for penta‐ and hexafluorobenzenes, respectively. Tetraalkynylated products could also be synthesized from dialkynylated compounds.
Inherent Chemotherapeutic Anti‐Cancer Effects of Low‐Dimensional Nanomaterials
Authors: Fu Wen , Zhou Wenhua , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLow‐dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) are receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy owing to their unique properties, especially the large surface area‐to‐volume ratio. LDNs such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), hydroxyapatite NPs, graphene derivatives, and black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have been proposed for drug delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapies, and multimodal theranostic treatments. The therapeutic effectiveness is mainly based on the physical characteristics of LDNs, but their inherent bioactivity has not been fully capitalized. In this Minireview, recent advances in the anti‐cancer effects of various types of LDNs with inherent chemotherapeutic bioactivity are described and the bioactivity mechanisms are discussed on the cellular and molecular levels. BP, one of the newest and exciting members of the LDN family, is highlighted owing to the excellent inherent bioactivity, selectivity, and biocompatibility in cancer therapy. LDNs and related derivatives possess inherent bioactivity and selective chemotherapeutic effects suggesting large potential as nanostructured anti‐cancer agents in cancer therapy.
Valence‐Shell Electron‐Pair Repulsion Theory Revisited: An Explanation for Core Polarization
Authors: Munárriz Julen , Calatayud Mónica , Contreras‐García Julia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractValence‐shell electron‐pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory constitutes one of the pillars of theoretical predictive chemistry. It was proposed even before the advent of the concept of “spin”, and it is still a very useful tool in chemistry. In this article we propose an extension of VSEPR theory to understand the core structure and predict core polarization in the main‐group elements. We show from first principles (Electron Localization Function analysis) how the inner‐ and outer‐core shells are organized. In particular, electrons in these regions are structured following the shape of the dual polyhedron of the valence shell (3rd period) or the equivalent polyhedron (4th and 5th periods). We interpret these results in terms of “hard” and “soft” core character. All the studied systems follow this trend, providing a framework for predicting electron distribution in the core. We also show that lone pairs behave as “standard ligands” in terms of core polarization. The predictive character of the model was tested by proposing the core polarization in different systems not included in the original set (such as XeF4 and [Fe(CN)6]3−) and checking the hypothesis by means of a posteriori calculations. From the experimental point of view, the extension of VSEPR to the core region has consequences for current crystallography research. In particular, it explains the core polarization revealed by high resolution X‐ray experiments.
Prognostic implication of molecular subtypes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 760 gastric carcinomas: role of Epstein–Barr virus infection and high‐ and low‐microsatellite instability
Authors: Kohlruss Meike , Grosser Bianca , Krenauer Marie , Slotta‐Huspenina Julia , Jesinghaus Moritz , Blank Susanne , Novotny Alexander , Reiche Magdalena , Schmidt Thomas , Ismani Liridona , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Mathias Daniel , Meyer Petra , Gaida Matthias M , Bauer Lukas , Ott Katja , Weichert Wilko , Keller Gisela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus positivity (EBV(+)) and high‐microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) have been identified as molecular subgroups in gastric carcinoma. The aim of our study was to determine the prognostic and predictive relevance of these subgroups in the context of platinum/5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) based preoperative chemotherapy (CTx). Additionally, we investigated the clinical relevance of the low‐MSI (MSI‐L) phenotype. We analysed 760 adenocarcinomas of the stomach or the gastro‐oesophageal junction encompassing 143 biopsies before CTx and 617 resected tumours (291 without and 326 after CTx). EBV was determined by PCR and in situ hybridisation for selected cases. MSI was analysed by PCR using five microsatellite markers and classified as MSI‐H and MSI‐L. Frequencies of EBV(+), MSI‐H and MSI‐L in the biopsies before CTx were 4.2, 10.5 and 4.9% respectively. EBV(+) or MSI‐H did not correlate with response, but MSI‐L was associated with better response (p = 0.011). In the resected tumours, frequencies of EBV(+), MSI‐H and MSI‐L were 3.9, 9.6 and 4.5% respectively. Overall survival (OS) was significantly different in the non‐CTx group (p = 0.014). Patients with EBV(+) tumours showed the best OS, followed by MSI‐H. MSI‐L was significantly associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–4.04, p = 0.01). In the resected tumours after CTx, MSI‐H was also associated with increased OS (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.26–1.09, p = 0.085). In multivariable analysis, molecular classification was an independent prognostic factor in the completely resected (R0) non‐CTx group (p = 0.035). In conclusion, MSI‐H and EBV(+) are not predictive of response to neoadjuvant platinum/5‐FU based CTx, but they are indicative of a good prognosis. In particular, MSI‐H indicates a favourable prognosis irrespective of treatment with CTx. MSI‐L predicts good response to CTx and its negative prognostic effect for patients treated with surgery alone suggests that MSI‐L might help to identify patients with potentially high‐benefit from preoperative CTx.
Comparing surgical and nonsurgical larynx‐preserving treatments with total laryngectomy for locally advanced laryngeal cancer
Authors: Patel Sagar A. , Qureshi Muhammad M. , Dyer Michael A. , Jalisi Scharukh , Grillone Gregory , Truong Minh Tam 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe declining 5‐year overall survival (OS) of patients with laryngeal cancer has been associated with increased nonsurgical management of stage III/IV disease. To further assess this hypothesis, the authors evaluated recent OS trends and patterns of use between larynx‐preserving approaches with chemoradiation (CRT) or partial laryngectomy (PL) and total laryngectomy (TL) stratified by tumor and nodal burden.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base was used to identify 8703 patients with stage III/IV (excluding T1 tumors) laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated between 2003 and 2011 with CRT or upfront PL or TL with or without adjuvant therapy. OS was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAmong patients with non‐T4, low nodal burden (T2N1 or T3N0‐N1) disease, no survival differences were observed between CRT, PL, and TL. Patients who had non‐T4, high nodal burden (T2‐T3N2‐N3) disease who underwent TL with or without adjuvant treatment had a higher risk of death compared with those who received CRT (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.51; P = .016). For T4N0‐N3 tumors, TL compared with CRT was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.92; P = .002). No statistically significant difference in outcome was noted between CRT and PL for all stage groups. The use of CRT has declined and receipt of TL has increased since 2006 for T4 disease, whereas PL rates have remained stably low.ConclusionsNo survival differences were noted between surgical and nonsurgical approaches for patients with non‐T4, low nodal burden laryngeal cancer. Patients with non‐T4, high nodal burden disease may benefit from definitive CRT. Total laryngectomy remains advantageous in patients with T4 disease.