bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of pyoderma gangrenosum induced by insulin
Authors: Noronha Malcom , Arora Sukriti , Pai Kantilatha , Sathish Pai B. , Jindal Anuradha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare auto‐inflammatory, neutrophilic, ulcerative disorder characterised by acutely painful, rapidly spreading, sterile ulcers over the trunk and lower limbs. The pathogenic mechansim of PG is under constant evolution and drugs are emerging to be a an important trigger. In the literature, 52 cases of drug‐induced PG have been documented, of which cocaine laced with levamisole has shown most direct association, with a mean Naranjo score of 9. Other drugs probably associated with PG are isotretinoin, sunitinib, and propylthiouracil. We describe a case of a 59‐year‐old male who had multiple well‐defined ulcers with a violaceous, undermined edge limited to the site of subcutaneous injection of insulin. Histopathological examination showed psoriasiform hyperplasia in the epidermis, with abundant infiltration of neutrophils in the dermis, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of PG. As per the modified Naranjo algorithm, the patient's total score was 7, indicating insulin to be the probable causative agent in our case. So, compiling temporal localisation of lesions to the site of administration of insulin and clinical, histopathological, and Naranjo score evidence all prompt the diagnosis of PG. Insulin stimulates the release of matrix‐metalloproteinases 9 which acts as endopeptidases and also results in the chemotaxis of neutrophils, causing ulcer formation. This is the first case reporting PG triggered by insulin.
Comparison of rheological properties of different protein/gum arabic complex coacervates
Authors: Dong Die , Cui Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study mainly focused on the comparison of rheological properties of soy proteins (SP)/gum arabic (GA) complex coacervates and gelatin (G)/gum arabic (GA) complex coacervates. Frequency sweeping (0.1–100 Hz) results at 25°C showed that SP/GA coacervates storage modulus and loss modulus were crossed at a frequency of 30 Hz. According to the Doi‐Onuki model, it was confirmed that SP/GA complex coacervates were structured with a characteristic length scale (L) of 40 nm, which was much larger than others. It meant that the structure of SP/GA complex coacervates was less tight. Temperature sweeping (40–10°C) results illustrated that L of G/GA complex coacervates were decreased from 600 to 10 nm during the cooling process due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, while L of SP/GA complex coacervates were not changed greatly. Light microscopy observations revealed that the G/GA complex coacervates were more regular after cooling to 10°C. All the results indicated that protein types greatly influenced the structures of the complex coacervates. The results in this article will be useful for clarifying the reasons why different complex coacervates showed different morphologies and will provide theoretical support for rational use of protein/polysaccharide complex coacervates in food industry.Practical applicationsComplex coacervation between proteins and polysaccharides is a common phenomenon in the food processing. Understanding the interactions of proteins and polysaccharides is of importance not only in making cost‐efficient use of functional ingredients, but also in designing novel foods, controlling and improving structures of food ingredients and textural properties of fabricated foods. This study mainly focused on the rheological properties of soy proteins/gum arabic (SP/GA) complex coacervates and gelatin/gum arabic (G/GA) complex coacervates. The results indicated that protein types greatly influenced the structures of the complex coacervates. Structures of SP/GA coacervates were less tight than others. Characteristic length scales of G/GA coacervate significantly decreased during cooling process. The results in this paper will provide theoretical support for rational use of protein/polysaccharide complex coacervates in food industry.
Improvement of the polyphenol extraction from avocado peel by assisted ultrasound and microwaves
Authors: Trujillo‐Mayol Igor , Céspedes‐Acuña Carlos , Silva Fabiana L. , Alarcón‐Enos Julio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUltrasound (UAE) and microwave (MAE) are green technologies to assist in the extraction of polyphenols. The goals were to study the application of sonication temperature (40–60°C), time (15–60 min), microwave power (250–750 W) at 30–120 s; and to combine the principal factors of each method for the maximum recovery of total phenolics from avocado peel employing a response surface methodology. The phytochemical, biological, and feasibility characteristics of the hydroethanolic extracts were analyzed. The combination of 15 min of sonication followed by 95.1 s of microwaving were the optimal parameters to recover 166.3 ± 4.9 mg GAE/g dry matter, which was 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 times higher than UAE, MAE, and maceration, respectively. Likewise, the U‐MAE was upper in yield (25.3 ± 0.6%), TPC (281.4 ± 0.2 mg GAE), TFC (62.0 ± 0.4 mg QuE), and TAC (4.8 ± 0.1 mg cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside) and DPPH, FRAP and LPO (779.1 ± 0.6, 167.0 ± 2.3 μg TEAC, 70.03 ± 0.62%, respectively) per gram of dry extract. All the extracts displayed antibacterial activity. The economic feasibility analysis indicated MAE to be highly effective when energy is less affordable, whereas, if the cost associated with the raw material is high, the U‐MAE is suitable.Practical ApplicationsThe extraction industry is moving fast into sustainable processes based on the implementation of ecologically friendly methods of extraction and the utilization of by‐products to obtain bioactive metabolites to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The results here presented were meant to design efficiently extracting procedures. Hence, the correct selection of factors that affect the extraction such as sonication temperature as well as microwave power is vital to reduce the resource consumption; especially raw material and time. Moreover, the exploitation of by‐products as the avocado peel will reduce the negative impact on the environment and enhance the value chain of avocado production.
Association between High Proportions of Seriously Mentally Ill Nursing Home Residents and the Quality of Resident Care
Authors: McGarry Brian E. , Joyce Nina R. , McGuire Thomas G. , Mitchell Susan L. , Bartels Stephen J. , Grabowski David C. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESTo examine the association between the quality of care delivered to nursing home residents with and without a serious mental illness (SMI) and the proportion of nursing home residents with SMI.DESIGNInstrumental variable study. Relative distance to the nearest nursing home with a high proportion of SMI residents was used to account for potential selection of patients between high‐ and low‐SMI facilities. Data were obtained from the 2006‐2010 Minimum Data Set assessments linked with Medicare claims and nursing home information from the Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting database.SETTINGNursing homes with high (defined as at least 10% of a facility's population having an SMI diagnosis) and low proportions of SMI residents.PARTICIPANTSA total of 58 571 Medicare nursing residents with an SMI diagnosis (ie, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) and 558 699 individuals without an SMI diagnosis who were admitted to the same nursing homes.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes were nursing home quality measures: (1) use of physical restraints, (2) any hospitalization in the last 3 months, (3) use of an indwelling catheter, (4) use of a feeding tube, and (5) presence of pressure ulcer(s).RESULTSFor individuals with SMI, admission to a high‐SMI facility was associated with a 3.7 percentage point (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4‐6.0) increase in the probability of feeding tube use relative to individuals admitted to a low‐SMI facility. Among individuals without SMI, admission to a high‐SMI facility was associated with a 1.7 percentage point increase in the probability of catheter use (95 CI = .03‐3.47), a 3.8 percentage point increase in the probability of being hospitalized (95% CI = 2.16‐5.44), and a 2.1 percentage point increase in the probability of having a feeding tube (95% CI = .43‐3.74).CONCLUSIONAdmission to nursing homes with high concentrations of residents with SMI is associated with worse outcomes for both residents with and without SMI. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2346–2352, 2019
The Three‐Item Thinking about Your Partner’s Drinking Scale (TPD‐3): Item Response Theory, Reliability, and Validity
Authors: Rodriguez Lindsey M. , Webster Gregory D. 
Published: July 2019

Interdependence is a defining feature of close relationships, and alcohol use is one domain where one person’s motivations and behaviors can affect a partner’s well‐being. Concern about partner drinking is a gauge that determines whether a partner’s alcohol use has the potential to be problematic to the relationship, and brief and efficient measurement of this construct can be used to serve clinicians, scientists, and practitioners. Across four studies (N = 1,807), we use item response theory analysis to present a 3‐item brief screening tool assessing concern about partner drinking: Thinking about your Partner’s Drinking‐3 (TPD‐3). The TPD‐3 revealed strong test–retest reliability and expected patterns of convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity with perceived partner drinking and alcohol‐related consequences, behavioral responses to partner drinking, and relationship well‐being. We present the TPD‐3 as a useful screening tool and for measurement of concern about partner drinking when efficient assessment is desired.
SPATIAL LIMITED DEPENDENT VARIABLE MODELS: A REVIEW FOCUSED ON SPECIFICATION, ESTIMATION, AND HEALTH ECONOMICS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Billé Anna Gloria , Arbia Giuseppe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModeling individual choices is one of the main aim in microeconometrics. Discrete choice models have been widely used to describe economic agents' utility functions and most of them play a paramount role in applied health economics. On the other hand, spatial econometrics collects a series of econometric tools, which are particularly useful when we deal with spatially distributed data sets. Accounting for spatial dependence can avoid inconsistency problems of the commonly used statistical estimators. However, the complex structure of spatial dependence in most of the nonlinear models still precludes a large diffusion of these spatial techniques. The purpose of this paper is then twofold. The former is to review the main methodological problems and their different solutions in spatial nonlinear modeling. The latter is to review their applications to health issues, especially those appeared in the last few years, by highlighting the main reasons why spatial discrete neighboring effects should be considered and suggesting possible future lines of development in this emerging field. Particular attention has been paid to cross‐sectional spatial discrete choice modeling. However, discussions on the main methodological advancements in other spatial limited dependent variable models and spatial panel data models are also included.
Effect of monoacylglycerol lipase on the tumor growth in endometrial cancer
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Shuhong , Li Wenzhi , Liu Zhiming , Shi Zhengzheng , Qiu Chunping , Jiang Jie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimAbnormal lipid metabolism plays a dual role in tumorigenesis, specifically in the occurrence and development of cancers. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a hydrolase that is important for lipid metabolism, plays a vital role in different aspects of tumorigenesis. Many studies have shown that MAGL is highly elevated in a variety of cancers and plays an active role. However, its potential role in supporting endometrial cancer (EC) growth and progression has not yet been explored in depth.MethodsImmunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed to estimate the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of MAGL in tumor tissues. Then, JZL184 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to decrease the expression of MAGL in EC cells. The gene and protein expression levels of MAGL were measured using quantitative real‐time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Additionally, the effect of MAGL on tumor growth in EC was detected by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide , cell cycle and western blotting assay in vitro.ResultsWe found that MAGL was overexpressed in EC and was significantly correlated with surgical‐pathological stage, myometrial invasion, number of pregnancies and body mass index. The growth and cell cycle progression of tumor cells were significantly impaired in vitro by the pharmacological and siRNA‐mediated MAGL inhibition. In addition, MAGL inhibition seemed to repress two target genes, Cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2.ConclusionIn summary, we have demonstrated that MAGL is involved in EC growth and progression. Our results suggest that targeting MAGL may be a novel and valid treatment for EC.
Jaw‐neck movement integration in 6‐year‐old children differs from that of adults
Authors: Österlund Catharina , Nilsson Evelina , Hellström Fredrik , Häger Charlotte K. , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundA functional integration between the jaw and neck regions during purposive jaw movements is well described in adults, but there is a lack of knowledge of such integration during jaw function in children.ObjectivesTo determine the movement integration between the jaw and neck during jaw motor tasks in 6‐year‐olds, whether there is a difference between children and adults.MethodsJaw and neck movements were recorded with an optoelectronic 3D system in 25 healthy 6‐year‐olds (12 girls, 13 boys) and 24 healthy adults (12 women, 12 men) during paced jaw opening‐closing and self‐paced gum chewing. Jaw and neck movement amplitudes, intra‐individual variation in movement amplitude, ratio between neck‐jaw movement amplitudes and movement cycle time were analysed. Differences between children and adults were evaluated with Mann‐Whitney U test for independent samples.ResultsCompared to adults, 6‐year‐old children showed larger neck movement amplitudes (P = .008) during chewing, higher intra‐individual variability in amplitudes of jaw (P = .008) and neck (P = .001) movements, higher ratio between neck‐jaw movement amplitudes for jaw opening‐closing (P = .026) and chewing (P = .003), and longer jaw movement cycle time (P ≤ .0001) during the jaw opening‐closing task.ConclusionDespite integrated jaw‐neck movements in 6‐year‐old children, the movement pattern differs from that of adults and may be interpreted as an immature programming of jaw‐neck motor behaviour. The well‐integrated movements observed in adults most likely develop over years, perhaps into adolescence, and needs further research including well‐controlled longitudinal studies to map this development in order to provide appropriate age‐related clinical treatment for functional disorders.
Enhanced T‐cell proliferation and IL‐6 secretion mediated by overexpression of TRIM21 in oral lesions of patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Yufeng , Sun Qianqian , Jiang Chenyan , Zhu Mengxue , Song Chencheng , Li Chenxi , Du Guanhuan , Deng Yiwen , Nie Hong , Tang Guoyao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundsTo explore the expression and functions of the tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (TRIM21) in oral lichen planus(OLP) lesions.MethodsParaffin sections of buccal mucosa samples from 15 cases of reticular oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and 10 healthy controls were used for immunohistochemistry to determine expression and distribution of TRIM21. Buccal mucosae from 11 OLP patients and seven healthy controls were analyzed by qPCR to quantify its gene expression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD3+ cells from four pairs of age‐ and sex‐matched OLP patients and healthy controls were isolated for immunocytochemistry and culture. Following lentivirus‐mediated overexpression of TRIM21 gene in CD3+ cells, CCK‐8 was applied to evaluate cell proliferation. Cytokines including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ in the supernatants were measured by the cytometric bead array and verified by ELISA.ResultsA larger number of TRIM21‐positive cells infiltrating the lamina propria were observed in OLP lesions by immunohistochemistry than those of healthy controls. Significantly higher transcription of TRIM21 was revealed by qPCR. TRIM21 overexpression in CD3+ cells significantly enhanced the proliferation and IL‐6 secretion in CD3+ cells from 12 to 72 hours.ConclusionOverexpressed TRIM21 in OLP may be a primary proinflammatory molecule rather than a secondary and inducible regulatory factor in immunopathogenesis of OLP.
Use of the School Setting During the Summer Holidays: Mixed‐Methods Evaluation of Food and Fun Clubs in Wales
Authors: Morgan Kelly , McConnon Linda , Van Godwin Jordan , Hawkins Jemma , Bond Amy , Fletcher Adam 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESchool summer holiday clubs in deprived areas of Wales were evaluated to examine opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity and explore delivery processes.METHODSTen Food and Fun clubs participated in 2016. Quantitative data (child and parent surveys; N = 196, N = 84) assessed the opportunity to provide children with breakfast and lunch. A sub‐sample of children wore an accelerometer (N = 41) to evaluate the opportunity for achieving 1‐hour of moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) at club. Features of successful club delivery were identified through; focus groups (child and parent; N = 74, N = 69) and interviews (staff/volunteer; N = 32).RESULTSOpportunities for healthy eating were delivered with high fidelity: 86% of children reported breakfast consumption and 75% eating a healthy lunch. On club days, children reported consuming fewer sugary snacks (66%), fewer sugary drinks (81%), and more fruits and vegetables (67%). About 71% of children achieved the recommended MVPA at club, with children engaging in more MVPA (+17 minutes/day, p < .01) on average compared to non‐club days. Successful delivery processes were: use of school facilities and staff; flexible partnership‐working; and whole family involvement.CONCLUSIONSSchools appear to provide a suitable setting for the delivery of healthy eating and physical activity opportunities during school summer holidays.
The effect of melatonin on endothelial dysfunction in patients after acute coronary syndrome: The MEFACS randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zahid Jawad Ahmad , Isbrand Anders , Kleif Jakob , Schou‐Pedersen Anne‐Marie Voigt , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Madsen Michael Tvilling , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction (ED) precedes acute coronary syndrome. Oxidative stress results in ED but is reversible. Melatonin is aside from being a circadian hormone, also an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 25 mg melatonin administered for twelve weeks following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could improve ED. In this placebo‐controlled randomized trial, ED was measured as reactive hyperemia index (RHI) at baseline, day 14, and day 84. The effect was assessed using a generalized estimating equation adjusted for the baseline RHI. As secondary outcome, the concentrations of three biomarkers were measured: l‐arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and uric acid. Thirty‐one patients were included in the study. The intention‐to‐treat analysis of the primary outcome had 26 patients due to missing data. The estimated marginal mean difference in RHI at day 14 and day 84 between the groups was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.29‐0.01, P = .039) in favor of the placebo group. No significant differences in the biomarker concentrations were found. Melatonin treatment after ACS did not improve but may have aggravated ED. The significant difference between groups was in favor of placebo, but this might be due to the effect of missing data or uneven distribution of comorbidities.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and transdermal flunixin meglumine in alpacas
Authors: Reppert Emily J. , Kleinhenz Michael D. , Montgomery Shawnee R. , Heiman Jared , Sura Amanda , Bornheim Heather N. , Magnin Geraldine , Sidhu Pritam K. , Zhang Yuntao , Joo Hyun , Coetzee Johann F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) synthesis inhibiting effects of intravenous (IV) and transdermal (TD) flunixin meglumine in eight, adult, female, Huacaya alpacas. A dose of 2.2 mg/kg administered IV and 3.3 mg/kg administered TD using a cross‐over design. Plasma flunixin concentrations were measured by LC‐MS/MS. Prostaglandin E2concentrations were determined using a commercially available ELISA. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods. Plasma PGE2concentrations decreased after IV flunixin meglumine administration but there was minimal change after TD application. Meant1/2λz after IV administration was 4.531 hr (range 3.355 to 5.571 hr) resulting from a mean Vz of 570.6 ml/kg (range, 387.3 to 1,142 ml/kg) and plasma clearance of 87.26 ml kg−1 hr−1(range, 55.45–179.3 ml kg−1 hr−1). The meanCmax,Tmaxandt1/2λz for flunixin following TD administration were 106.4 ng/ml (range, 56.98 to 168.6 ng/ml), 13.57 hr (range, 6.000–34.00 hr) and 24.06 hr (18.63 to 39.5 hr), respectively. The mean bioavailability for TD flunixin was calculated as 25.05%. The mean 80% inhibitory concentration (IC80) of PGE2by flunixin meglumine was 0.23 µg/ml (range, 0.01 to 1.38 µg/ml). Poor bioavailability and poor suppression of PGE2identified in this study indicate that TD flunixin meglumine administered at 3.3 mg/kg is not recommended for use in alpacas.
The evolution of cultural gadgets
Authors: Dor Daniel , Ginsburg Simona , Jablonka Eva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeyes argues that human metacognitive strategies (“cognitive gadgets” or “mills”) are the products of cultural evolution based on domain‐general cognition with few simple biases. Although like Heyes, we believe that the evolution of domain‐general cognitive processes played a crucial role in the evolution of human cognition, we argue that Heyes' distinction between mills and grist is too sharp, that associative learning evolved gradually to become more complex and hierarchical, something that is not captured by the system 1/system 2 distinction, and that human cognitive plasticity required the genetic accommodation of gadget‐specific processes that led to more plasticity‐enhancing human‐specific biases.
Cognitive instincts versus cognitive gadgets: A fallacy
Authors: Roige Aida , Carruthers Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe main thesis of Heyes' book is that all of the domain‐specific learning mechanisms that make the human mind so different from the minds of other animals are culturally created and culturally acquired gadgets. The only innate differences are some motivational tweaks, enhanced capacities for associative learning, and enhanced executive function abilities. But Heyes' argument depends on contrasting cognitive gadgets with cognitive instincts, which are said to be innately specified. This ignores what has for some years been the mainstream nativist/anti‐empiricist view, which commits only to partially specified learning systems that become elaborated and built through domain‐specific learning.