bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical career expectations of academically talented high school students: A nationwide cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wu Hongbin , Pei Leisi , Li Shan , Jiang Cheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Academically talented high school students (ATHSSs), an exceptional cohort, are not well studied for their career expectations, especially for those with medical career expectation (MCE). Nowadays, the public perception of the medical profession is changing in China. The purpose of this study was to answer questions about ‘is medicine attractive for ATHSSs and ‘what factors affect medical career expectations (MCE) for ATHSSs’ in China.
Methods: A total of 16,479 representative ATHSSs in senior three completed a questionnaire and four different academic tests. Frequency statistics showed the proportion of ATHSSs with MCE. Unpaired t-tests were performed to find out the differences in demographics, family background, and academic performance between students with and without MCE. The logit models analysis were applied to explore the potential factors that affected the MCE of this exceptional group of students.
Results: ATHSSs with MCE accounted for 20.6% (ranking 7/18) of the respondents. They were more likely to be female, came from relatively poorer families, lived in a rural area, and performed significantly worse in all academic tests except for mathematics, compared with those without MCE. In addition, the results revealed that gender (β=-0.436, p<0.01), region of hometown (β=-103, p<0.1), mother’s years of schooling (β=-0.019, p<0.05), and father’s occupational status (β=-0.005, p<0.01) contributed significantly to the MCE of academically talented students. Better performance in mathematics affected the MCE of ATHSSs taking the liberal arts and science tests differently.
Conclusions: We found the medical career is becoming unattractive to academically talented students and the medical career may be loosing their aura in China. Students who have medical career expectations are likely to be females and to have a weak family background. We discuss implications for medical education.
Analysis of Fundus Photography and Fluorescein Angiography in Chinese patients with different stages of non-arteritic anterior inschemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Wang Liping , Li Ying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the different stages of non-arteritic anterior inschemic optic neuropathy (NAION) features by Fundus Photography (FP) and Fluorescein Aniography (FA) in a Chinese Population.
Methods: The retrospective observation study included 30 patients (36 eyes) with acute phase, 20 patients (27 eyes) with subacute phase and 30 patients (52 eyes) with chronic phase. Macular, optic nerve and disc were investigated by FP and FA. Categorical variables were evaluated by Fisher’s exact test.
Results: Macular edema, papilloedema, disc hemorrhage and exudation from FP were more common in the acute and subacute stage groups than chronic stage group with optic atrophy in contrast (all p<0.01). Compared to chronic stage, acute and subacute stages were more likely to appear macular fluorescence accumulation and peripapillary choroid filling delay (all p<0.01). However, chronic stage tended to have retinal artery filling delay and disc filling defects in the early phase from FA (all p<0.01).
Conclusion: The data showed that NAION had different fundus performances at different clinical stages. They may help to record the disease progression for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Increasing the Effectiveness and Adoption of Agricultural Phosphorus Management Strategies to Minimize Water Quality Impairment
Authors: Osmond D. L. , Shober A. L. , Sharpley A. N. , Duncan E. W. , Hoag D. L. K. 
Published: August 2019

Phosphorus (P) is essential for optimum agricultural production, but it also causes water quality degradation when lost through erosion (sediment‐attached P), runoff (soluble reactive P; SRP), or leaching (sediment‐attached P or SRP). Implementation of conservation practices (CP) affects P at the source (avoiding), during transport (controlling), or at the water resource edge (trapping). Trade‐offs often occur with CP implementation. For instance, multiple researchers have shown that conservation tillage reduces total P by over 50%, while increasing SRP by upward of 40%. Conservation tillage may increase water quality degradation as SRP is more bioavailable than is particulate P. Conservation practices must be implemented as a system of practices to increase redundancy and to address all loss pathways, such as P management with conservation tillage and a riparian buffer. Further, planning and adoption must be at a watershed scale to ensure practices are placed in critical source areas, thereby providing the most treatment for the least price. Farmers must be involved in watershed planning, which should include financial backstopping and educational outreach. It is imperative that CPs be used more effectively to reduce and retard off‐site P losses. New and innovative CPs are needed to improve control of P leaching, address legacy stores of soil test P, and mitigate increased P losses expected with climate change. Without immediate changes to CP implementation, P losses will increase due to climate change, with a concomitant degradation of water quality. These changes must be made at a watershed scale and in an intentional and transparent manner.Core Ideas
Phosphorus‐reducing conservation practices must control all P pathways.
Phosphorus‐reducing conservation practices must be utilized as systems.
New and innovative conservation practices are needed to improve control of P.
Farmer decision‐making must be considered when implementing conservation practices.
Watershed planning and conservation practice implementation must be intentional.
The Latitudes, Attitudes, and Platitudes of Watershed Phosphorus Management in North America
Authors: Smith D. R. , Macrae M. L. , Kleinman P. J. A. , Jarvie H. P. , King K. W. , Bryant R. B. 
Published: August 2019

Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in agriculture as a primary fertilizer nutrient—and as a cause of the eutrophication of surface waters. Despite decades of efforts to keep P on agricultural fields and reduce losses to waterways, frequent algal blooms persist, triggering not only ecological disruption but also economic, social, and political consequences. We investigate historical and persistent factors affecting agricultural P mitigation in a transect of major watersheds across North America: Lake Winnipeg, Lake Erie, the Chesapeake Bay, and Lake Okeechobee/Everglades. These water bodies span 26 degrees of latitude, from the cold climate of central Canada to the subtropics of the southeastern United States. These water bodies and their associated watersheds have tracked trajectories of P mitigation that manifest remarkable similarities, and all have faced challenges in the application of science to agricultural management that continue to this day. An evolution of knowledge and experience in watershed P mitigation calls into question uniform solutions as well as efforts to transfer strategies from other arenas. As a result, there is a need to admit to shortcomings of past approaches, plotting a future for watershed P mitigation that accepts the sometimes two‐sided nature of Hennig Brandt's “Devil's Element.”Core Ideas
North American P mitigation experiences spanning 26 degrees of latitude are explored.
Uncertainty and lag times create schisms in mitigation programs.
One‐size‐fits‐all approaches cannot account for management trade‐offs.
Acknowledging shortcomings in messages and approaches is imperative to moving on.
Unified P mitigation provides a framework and eliminates solution singularities.
Contrasting seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff in the UK and some implications for rainfall-runoff methods of flood estimation
Authors: Ledingham Jamie , Archer David , Lewis Elizabeth , Fowler Hayley , Kilsby Chris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing data from 520 gauging stations in Britain and gridded rainfall datasets, the seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff is compared and mapped. Annual maximum (AMAX) daily rainfall occurs predominantly in summer, but AMAX floods occur most frequently in winter. Seasonal occurrences of annual daily rainfall and flood maxima differ by more than 50% in dry lowland catchments. The differences diminish with increasing catchment wetness, increase with rainfalls shorter than daily duration and are shown to depend primarily on catchment wetness, as illustrated by variations in mean annual rainfall. Over the whole dataset, only 34% of AMAX daily flood events are matched to daily rainfall annual maxima (and only 20% for 6-hour rainfall maxima). The discontinuity between rainfall maxima and flooding is explained by the consideration of coincident soil moisture storage. The results have serious implications for rainfall-runoff methods of flood risk estimation in the UK where estimation is based on a depth–duration–frequency model of rainfall highly biased to summer. It is concluded that inadequate treatment of the seasonality of rainfall and soil moisture seriously reduces the reliability of event-based flood estimation in Britain.
Patrones de expresiòn del gen Hey1 durante el desarrollo de arcos branquiales y prominencias faciales
Authors: Carbonell M Belfran , Bayona R Francy , Garavito-Aguilar Zayra V , Parada B Carolina , Arboleda G Humberto , Infante-Contreras C Clementina 
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir detalladamente los patrones de expresión del gen Hey1, un efector de la vía Notch durante el desarrollo de arcos branquiales y prominencias faciales. Materiales y métodos. Se incubaron huevos fertilizados de pollo (Gallus gallus) obtenidos de una granja local entre 37.5-38.5ºC con humedad relativa del 70% hasta que los embriones alcanzaron los estadios HH14 hasta HH25 de Hamilton-Hamburger. Las sondas Hey1 marcadas con digoxigenina-UTP se generaron a partir de plásmidos linearizados con T3 polimerasa por transcripción in vitro. Luego se realizó hibridación in situ sobre embriones completos. Se obtuvieron al menos 3 repeticiones (n = 3) para cada estadio. Para confirmar los resultados observados en embriones completos, se realizaron cortes sagitales y coronales de 10 µm. Resultados. Durante los estadios de desarrollo HH14 y HH18, la expresión del gen Hey1 se localizó en el endodermo de las bolsas branquiales. La expresión génica de Hey1 también se observó en el epitelio que cubre las prominencias maxilares y mandibulares durante las etapas de desarrollo HH19 y HH21, así como en el epitelio nasal entre HH19 y HH25. También se detectaron transcritos de Hey1 en el epitelio que cubre la prominencia frontonasal durante la etapa HH21. Conclusiones. Estos patrones de expresión sugieren la participación de este componente de la vía de señalización Notch en la morfogénesis craneofacial, posiblemente estableciendo patrones de segmentación faríngea durante las primeras etapas y / o regulando la proliferación y diferenciación celular durante las últimas etapas del desarrollo facial.
Recuperación de Cryptococcus neoformans y Cryptococcus gattii a partir de fuentes ambientales en Cúcuta, Norte de Santander y su asociación con aislados clínicos
Authors: Angarita Asbleide Karina , Cardenas Sierra Denny Miley , Parra Giraldo Claudia Marcela , Diaz Carvajal Claudia Yaneth , Escandón Hernandez Patricia Luz 
Published: August 2019

Objetivo. Aislar, identificar y caracterizar molecularmente aislamientos de Cryptococcus patógenos humanos a partir de muestras ambientales y clínicas de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 1300 muestras de 446 árboles de 10 especies diferentes, en 10 zonas públicas de Cúcuta. Concomitantemente, se obtuvieron aislados clínicos de Cryptococcus sp (junio de 2016-junio de 2017). Se realizó cultivo en agar semillas de Guizottia abysinica, posterior identificación bioquímica y caracterización genética mediante PCR-huella Digital y RFLP-URA5 Resultados. Se determinó prevalencia ambiental para C. neoformans de 4,3 % (19 individuos positivos) y C. gattii de 0,2 % (1 individuo positivo), para un total de 20 árboles positivos y 21 aislados (dos de un mismo individuo). El parque Santander registró el 47,6 % de la prevalencia global (10 / 21 aislados), seguido del parque La Victoria con 23,8 % (5/21 aislados), correspondientes a C. neoformans. Se obtuvo un aislado de C gattiien un individuo Ficus benjamina del parque Mercedes Ábrego. El análisis genotípico reveló presencia de C. neoformans var. grubii VNI en el 85,7% de los aislados ambientales, así como en el 100% de los clínicos, seguido de VNII y VGII en 9,5% y 4,8% de los aislados ambientales, respectivamente. Conclusión. El muestreo longitudinal de nichos ambientales con reporte previo del hongo revela su persistencia, requiriéndose de estudio permanente y búsqueda activa en pacientes, especialmente en zonas consideradas endémicas
Implementation and Evaluation of a Web-Based Distribution System For Anesthesia Department Guidelines and Standard Operating Procedures: Qualitative Study and Content Analysis
Authors: Bachmann Kaspar F , Vetter Christian , Wenzel Lars , Konrad Christoph , Vogt Andreas P 
Published: August 2019

Background
Digitization is spreading exponentially in medical care, with improved availability of electronic devices. Guidelines and standard operating procedures (SOPs) form an important part of daily clinical routine, and adherence is associated with improved outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate a digital solution for the maintenance and distribution of SOPs and guidelines in 2 different anesthesiology departments in Switzerland.

Methods
A content management system (CMS), WordPress, was set up in 2 tertiary-level hospitals within 1 year: the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the Kantonsspital Lucerne in Lucerne, Switzerland, as an open-access system, followed by a similar system for internal usage in the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine of the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, in Bern, Switzerland. We analyzed the requirements and implementation processes needed to successfully set up these systems, and we evaluated the systems’ impact by analyzing content and usage.

Results
The systems’ generated exportable metadata, such as traffic and content. Analysis of the exported metadata showed that the Lucerne website had 269 pages managed by 44 users, with 88,124 visits per month (worldwide access possible), and the Bern website had 341 pages managed by 35 users, with 1765 visits per month (access only possible from within the institution). Creation of an open-access system resulted in third-party interest in the published guidelines and SOPs. The implementation process can be performed over the course of 1 year and setup and maintenance costs are low.

Conclusions
A CMS, such as WordPress, is a suitable solution for distributing and managing guidelines and SOPs. Content is easily accessible and is accessed frequently. Metadata from the system allow live monitoring of usage and suggest that the system be accepted and appreciated by the users. In the future, Web-based solutions could be an important tool to handle guidelines and SOPs, but further studies are needed to assess the effect of these systems.
Risk of Nephrotic Syndrome for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users
Authors: Bakhriansyah Mohammad , Souverein Patrick C. , van den Hoogen Martijn W.F. , de Boer Anthonius , Klungel Olaf H. 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with AKI. Their association with nephrotic syndrome has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the risk of nephrotic syndrome associated with NSAID use.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A matched case-control study was performed in the UK primary care database. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and controls were those without nephrotic syndrome. NSAID exposure (grouped either based on cyclooxygenase enzyme selectivity and chemical groups) was classified as either current (use at the nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date and corresponding date in the control group), recent, or past use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.

Results
We included 2620 cases and 10,454 controls. Compared with non-use, current use of 15–28 days and >28 days of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.70, and OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.55, respectively. Also, recent use (discontinuation 1–2 months before nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.15) and past use (discontinuation 2 months-2 years; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43), but not current use of <15 days (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.31) nor past use (discontinuation >2 years; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.09) were associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome as well as past use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (discontinuation 2–24 months; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58). Categorization based on chemical groups showed that acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives were associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome.

Conclusions
The use of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome starting from at least 2 weeks of exposure, as well as for recent and past exposure up to 2 years before the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. This higher risk appeared mainly attributable to acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives.
USAGE OF 3D PRINTER TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL FIELDS: A REVIEW
Authors: BESKAN Umut , YAPAR Evren ALGIN 
Published: August 2019

Along with the developing technology, 3D printers have found broad applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields. Precise digital control over layer by layerprinting given by 3D printers allows drugs, cosmetics and medical devices like prostheses to be personalized for treatment. Additionaly, the physical structure of 3D printed productsand theirvisualization is effective on surgical planning, educational and research applications alleviating the endeavior of surgeons,students and scientists, respectively. Since FDA’s first 3D printed drug approval in 2015, the research for new approaches has been growing although the manufacturers need regularity certainty. However this technology exists for a long time and it is of public interest now due to the approval of 3-D printed tablet and other medical devices and also with the advent of USFDA’s guidance on technical considerations specific to devices using additive manufacturing which encompasses 3-dimensional (3D) printing has triggered many thoughts about this technology which needs to be considered for successful delivery of intended product. As for 3D organ printing, it remains the great expectation albeit some attempts.
This review is aimed at giving brief explanations about 3D printing achievements and applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields.
SEQUÊNCIA DE ENSINO INVESTIGATIVA SOBRE ANTIBIÓTICOS BASEADA EM COMPETÊNCIAS E HABILIDADES DO PISA
Authors: Bonisson Sara , Ferreira Luciana Bastos , Junior Nelson Menolli 
Published: August 2019

O ensino por investigação é uma abordagem que diversifica as estratégias utilizadas pelo professor de forma problematizadora e especulativa, possibilitando aos alunos a aplicação e a compreensão de conceitos científicos e um melhor entendimento sobre a natureza da ciência. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma sequência de ensino investigativa (SEI) capaz de desenvolver nos alunos habilidades e competências relacionadas à alfabetização científica, tomando como base a matriz de competências e habilidades do PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) para Ciências. A SEI apresenta uma abordagem acerca da descoberta, das aplicações e das consequências do uso de antibióticos, tema escolhido pelos próprios alunos por meio de uma pesquisa prévia como parte das aulas do curso Técnico em Qualidade Integrado ao Ensino Médio na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA) do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Câmpus São Paulo. Partindo de uma questão-problema contextualizada sobre automedicação, a SEI compreende quatro atividades que envolvem experimentação, aula dialogada, leitura de texto de divulgação científica e conteúdo audiovisual. Os textos elaborados e selecionados apresentam uma linguagem objetiva, proporcionando uma leitura contextualizada. Há também a presença de elementos gráficos para estimular o engajamento visual e a curiosidade. Todas as atividades apresentam perguntas descritivas que alternam seu grau de complexidade de elaboração. A avaliação do desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades pode ser feita com base nas respostas dos alunos às questões que fazem parte da SEI, sendo que para cada questão e procedimento foi selecionada uma ou mais competências com algumas das suas respectivas habilidades de acordo com o PISA. Vale aqui ressaltar a importância da produção de materiais didáticos que se preocupem com o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades, visando a alfabetização científica na educação básica.
A diversidade cultural da eja: o papel da escola na promoção de uma educação voltada ao tratamento das identidades pessoais, sociais e culturais
Authors: Dutra Tomaz Caetano , Leite Alves Maria Adriana 
Published: August 2019

<p class="COcorpodoresumo">Buscamos evidenciar, através deste artigo, as particularidades que envolvem a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), tendo como objetivo geral, realizar uma reflexão sobre a prática do ensino desempenhado em turmas de EJAs, na possibilidade de adaptar um modelo educativo que inclua o aluno como norte das propostas de ensino que se consumarão no decorrer do ano letivo. A inclusão deverá basear-se nas identidades em que alunos são percebidos, seja na questão social, econômica, etária, de gênero, cultural e etc. O professor juntamente com a instituição escolar, deverá garantir um espaço acolhedor e flexível no que se refere ao desempenho das obrigações domésticas, ou de trabalho, que os alunos por ventura poderão dispor, respeitando as regras de cada instituição. </p>
Uso de medicamentos durante a lactação: um fator para suspensão do aleitamento materno
Authors: Medeiros Jefferson Marlon , Barbosa Andreza Guedes 
Published: August 2019

<p>A amamentação tem sua importância abordada sob um ponto de vista multiprofissional, envolvendo aspectos imunológicos, nutricionais, cognitivos, psicoafetivos, econômicos e sociais. Não obstante, diversos fatores podem levar à suspensão precoce do aleitamento materno, dentre os quais destacam-se os problemas relacionados aos riscos de exposição das lactentes a medicações maternas. O estudo trata-se de uma revisão e atualização da literatura disponível sobre o uso de medicamentos durante o período de amamentação, visando contribuir com informações úteis para profissionais de saúde na assistência materno-infantil. Foram selecionados artigos nos bancos de dados eletrônicos Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs e SciELO publicados nos últimos vinte anos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, utilizando os descritores “aleitamento materno”, “lactação”, e “uso de medicamentos”. Os estudos encontrados mostraram o uso frequente de medicamentos pela mulher durante a amamentação, a sua grande influência no desmame precoce indevido, e ainda um preocupante desconhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre o tema. É pertinente aos profissionais de saúde uma reflexão e revisão das práticas adotadas, propiciando um tratamento adequado à nutriz, contribuindo para a manutenção do aleitamento materno. Faz-se necessário ainda, maior investimento em pesquisas que determinem o grau de segurança dos fármacos durante a lactação.</p>