bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐sentenced juveniles: Public perceptions of risk and need for incarceration
Authors: Heilbrun Kirk , Durham Kelley , Thornewill Alice , Schiedel Rebecca , Pietruszka Victoria , Phillips Sarah , Locklair Benjamin , Thomas Joanna 
Published: October 2018

Pursuant to recent United States Supreme Court decisions inMiller v. Alabama(2012) andMontgomery v. Louisiana(2016), individuals convicted of crimes committed when they were younger than 18 and for which they received mandatory life sentences are entitled to new sentencing hearings. This study examined public perceptions of such individuals (life‐sentenced juveniles, or LSJs). Study participants were 663 adults (52.3% male) ages 22–71 years (M = 36.00, SD = 11.46) recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Each participant received one of a possible four vignettes about a man who was incarcerated for a crime that occurred when he was 17 years old and subsequently sentenced to mandatory life in prison following conviction. Two variables (risk of harming others if released to the community, and circumstances of the crime) were manipulated in a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design. Each participant read one vignette and then answered questions relating to appropriateness for release from prison. Results indicate that risk, but not circumstances of the crime, strongly influenced participants' views regarding resentencing. When the individual in the vignette was labeled as high risk, participants described him as less appropriate for release, more deserving of punishment, needing more rehabilitation, and more appropriate for specific and general deterrence. The circumstances of the crime had no effect on participants' responses. This may be important for various reasons, as applicable law does not explicitly identify risk as a consideration in juvenile resentencing. The nonetheless noteworthy empirical influence of risk on perceptions regarding LSJs is discussed in their implications for research, policy, and practice.
Flipped classroom—comparative case study in engineering higher education
Authors: Castedo Ricardo , López Lina M. , Chiquito María , Navarro Juan , Cabrera José D. , Ortega Marcelo F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe use of flipped‐classroom methodology (FC) has increased recently, however, there is a lack of quantitative data on students’ performance. A FC has been applied into a group (80 students) of an obligatory subject of the 2nd course in an Energetic Engineering Bachelor. A second group has been taught with the traditional methodology (72 students) to compare the results. The FC requires students to obtain background knowledge prior to a face‐to face class meeting, and reserves in‐class time for applying knowledge to solve problems. This is the opposite of the traditional lecture‐based classroom, in which students passively attend didactic lectures from the instructor, then study the content and complete assignments after class. The main objectives of this research were to measure the impact of learning (with special attention to really active students), reduce absenteeism, increase exam attendance, and analyze how participating students view their experience with this methodology. The results show that the flipped‐classroom model has a direct impact on student learning (or grades), especially in students with a high degree of involvement (with grades about 1.5 points higher). In addition, the grades standard deviation values were lower (in about one point), ensuring a better general students level. The students are a little reluctant to this new methodology, but thanks to it, they tend to work more (12% of the students work more hours per week), to attend more to class (at least 10% more), and to attend in a higher ratio to exams (around 20%).
Creation of Centimeter‐Sized 2 D Crystalline Film by Crystallization of Homopolymer in Solution
Authors: Li Ming , Peng Zefei , Hou Jingjing , Liu Xiong , He Yunbin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 2 D assembly of polymers to form free‐standing and large crystalline films is quite appealing but very challenging. Although there have been some works using interface templates, reports of in situ assembly in solution are still rare. Herein, a simple strategy is developed for the creation of a free‐standing and centimeter‐sized 2 D crystalline polymer film through crystallization of an amphiphilic brush polydiacetylene (PDA) in solution. The film exhibits good shape memory, a low dielectric constant, and good carrier mobility. This strategy may be applied extensively to produce a variety of other macroscopic 2 D crystalline polymer films for applications in electronics, catalysis, and so on.
Synthesis of Cytokinins via Enzymatic Arsenolysis of Purine Nucleosides
Authors: Oslovsky Vladimir E. , Drenichev Mikhail S. , Alexeev Cyril S. , Solyev Pavel N. , Esipov Roman S. , Mikhailov Sergey N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis unit describes an effective method for the preparation of natural cytokinins and their synthetic derivatives based on enzymatic cleavage of the N‐glycosidic bond of N6‐substituted adenosine or O6‐substituted inosine derivatives in the presence of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and Na2HAsO4. The arsenolysis reaction is irreversible due to the hydrolysis of the resulting α‐D‐ribose‐1‐arsenate. As a result, the desired products are formed in near‐quantitative yields, as indicated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and can easily be isolated. In the strategy used here, the ribose residue acts as a protective group. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rationale and design of the EU‐CERT‐ICD prospective study: comparative effectiveness of prophylactic ICD implantation
Authors: Zabel Markus , Sticherling Christian , Willems Rik , Lubinski Andrzej , Bauer Axel , Bergau Leonard , Braunschweig Frieder , Brugada Josep , Brusich Sandro , Conen David , Cygankiewicz Iwona , Flevari Panagiota , Taborsky Milos , Hansen Jim , Hasenfuß Gerd , Hatala Robert , Huikuri Heikki V. , Iovev Svetoslav , Kääb Stefan , Kaliska Gabriela , Kasprzak Jaroslaw D. , Lüthje Lars , Malik Marek , Novotny Tomas , Pavlović Nikola , Schmidt Georg , Shalganov Tchavdar , Sritharan Rajeeva , Schlögl Simon , Szavits Nossan Janko , Traykov Vassil , Tuinenburg Anton E. , Velchev Vasil , Vos Marc A. , Willich Stefan N. , Friede Tim , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Merkely Béla ,   for the EU‐CERT‐ICD Study Investigators
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsThe clinical effectiveness of primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy is under debate. The EUropean Comparative Effectiveness Research to Assess the Use of Primary ProphylacTic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (EU‐CERT‐ICD) aims to assess its current clinical value.Methods and resultsThe EU‐CERT‐ICD is a prospective investigator‐initiated non‐randomized, controlled, multicentre observational cohort study performed in 44 centres across 15 European Union countries. We will recruit 2250 patients with ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy and a guideline indication for primary prophylactic ICD implantation. This sample will include 1500 patients at their first ICD implantation and 750 patients who did not receive a primary prevention ICD despite having an indication for it (non‐randomized control group). The primary endpoint is all‐cause mortality; the co‐primary endpoint in ICD patients is time to first appropriate shock. Secondary endpoints include sudden cardiac death, first inappropriate shock, any ICD shock, arrhythmogenic syncope, revision procedures, quality of life, and cost‐effectiveness. At baseline (and prior to ICD implantation if applicable), all patients undergo 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter ECG analysis using multiple advanced methods for risk stratification as well as detailed documentation of clinical characteristics and laboratory values. Genetic biobanking is also organized. As of August 2018, baseline data of 2265 patients are complete. All subjects will be followed for up to 4.5 years.ConclusionsThe EU‐CERT‐ICD study will provide a necessary update about clinical effectiveness of primary prophylactic ICD implantation. This study also aims for improved risk stratification and patient selection using clinical and ECG risk markers.
Behavioral effects of copper on larval white sturgeon
Authors: Puglis Holly J. , Calfee Robin D. , Little Edward E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Early–life stage white sturgeon are sensitive to copper (Cu), with adverse behavioral responses observed during previous studies. The objectives of the present study were to quantify the effects of Cu exposure on white sturgeon swimming and feeding behaviors and determine their time to response. Larval sturgeon (1–2, 28, or 35 d posthatch [dph]) were exposed to Cu (0.5–8 μg/L) for 4 to 14 d. Abnormal behavioral changes were observed within the first few days of exposure including loss of equilibrium and immobilization. Digital video tracking software revealed decreased swimming activity with increasing Cu concentration. Significant changes in behavior and mortality occurred at concentrations of Cu between 1 and 8 μg/L. Juvenile white sturgeon, 58 dph, exposed to 12 μg/L Cu consumed 37 to 60% less food than controls after 3 d of exposure. The present results indicate that behavioral endpoints were more sensitive than some standard toxicity test endpoints and can effectively expand the sensitivity of standard toxicity tests for white sturgeon. Swimming behavior was impaired to the extent that survival in the field would likely be jeopardized. Such data would provide managers a useful metric for characterizing the risks of Cu contamination to white sturgeon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:132–144. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Multi‐SKAT: General framework to test for rare‐variant association with multiple phenotypes
Authors: Dutta Diptavo , Scott Laura , Boehnke Michael , Lee Seunggeun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn genetic association analysis, a joint test of multiple distinct phenotypes can increase power to identify sets of trait‐associated variants within genes or regions of interest. Existing multiphenotype tests for rare variants make specific assumptions about the patterns of association with underlying causal variants, and the violation of these assumptions can reduce power to detect association. Here, we develop a general framework for testing pleiotropic effects of rare variants on multiple continuous phenotypes using multivariate kernel regression (Multi‐SKAT). Multi‐SKAT models affect sizes of variants on the phenotypes through a kernel matrix and perform a variance component test of association. We show that many existing tests are equivalent to specific choices of kernel matrices with the Multi‐SKAT framework. To increase power of detecting association across tests with different kernel matrices, we developed a fast and accurate approximation of the significance of the minimum observed P value across tests. To account for related individuals, our framework uses random effects for the kinship matrix. Using simulated data and amino acid and exome‐array data from the METabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) study, we show that Multi‐SKAT can improve power over single‐phenotype SKAT‐O test and existing multiple‐phenotype tests, while maintaining Type I error rate.
Exploring children's experiences in community gambling venues: A qualitative study with children aged 6‐16 in regional New South Wales
Authors: Bestman Amy , Thomas Samantha L. , Randle Melanie , Pitt Hannah , Daube Mike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIssue addressedCommunity‐based gambling venues provide a range of activities for children alongside adult products, such as gambling. However, there has been little examination of children's experiences with, and exposure to, a range of gambling and non‐gambling activities within venues.MethodsVisual sociology methods were used to measure unprompted recall, prompted recall, current use and intended adult use of activities in community gambling venues in 44 children who attended venues. Qualitative data were also collected to gain further insight into children's perceptions of the venue and the activities within.ResultsChildren displayed high unprompted and prompted recall of gambling and nongambling activities within the venue. Children indicated positive perceptions of the venue overall. Just over half of the children (52.3%) reported current use of gambling activities in the venue. The large majority of the children indicated that they would attend community gambling venues as an adult (90.9%).ConclusionThis research provides a starting point in understanding the extent to which children are exposed to gambling products in community gambling venues.So what?This research will be important for researchers, policy makers and practitioners in developing health promotion initiatives to prevent children from being exposed to gambling products in community settings.
Fluctuating operation development index of community health service centres in the Pudong new area of Shanghai: A continuous investigation
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Huang Jiaoling , Fan Jincheng , Liang Hong , Lou Jiquan , Zhang Yimin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundPrevious performance evaluations among community health service centres (CHSCs) have been mainly based on absolute indicators, while the operation index, a more comprehensive evaluation method, has been rarely used in evaluation. This study aimed to develop a set of operation index suitable for the evaluation of CHSCs in Pudong.MethodsThe operation index system, developed based on a literature review, focus group, and factor analysis, was applied to all 45 CHSCs in Pudong. The data were mainly derived from the Pudong Health Statistics Information System from 2010 to 2014. The analysis included a descriptive analysis, t tests, variance analysis, and repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsDifferent aspects of the operation index showed different developing trends during 2010 to 2014. The overall operation, service operation, management condition, and comprehensive satisfaction index were significantly different in different years (P < 0.05). However, the differences in the development foundation index were not obvious (P > 0.05). Moreover, the regional factor and medical association influenced the performance of service operation index, and the informatization level affected the performance of overall operation and management condition index (P < 0.05), with different family GP programmes level affecting management condition index (P < 0.05).ConclusionChanges in the management condition index led to fluctuations in overall operation in the CHSCs. Since regional factors, family GP programmes, and medical associations promoted the operation of CHSCs, we advocate a multi‐dimensional evaluation combining horizontal performance appraisal and vertical index evaluation to focus on these factors.
Investor trading behaviour and stock price crash risk
Authors: Zhou Liyun , Huang Jialiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper sheds new light on the relation between investor trading behaviour and crash risk to examine how investors react to stocks with lottery features in Chinese Stock Market. We find that investor trading behaviour has a greater impact on stocks with higher crash risk, which implies that investors overreact to stocks with higher stock price crash risk. Furthermore, investor trading behaviour has strongest effects on stocks with highest crash risk and highest idiosyncratic risk and has weakest effects on stocks with lowest crash risk and lowest idiosyncratic risk, which indicates that investors gamble lottery‐like stocks with high crash risk and high idiosyncratic risk. Collectively, these results support a role for investor trading behaviour in the formation of stock returns.
Inside Front Cover: Triphenylphosphonium cation: A valuable functional group for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (J. Biophotonics 10/2018)
Authors: Bresolí‐Obach Roger , Gispert Ignacio , Peña Diego G. , Boga Sonia , Gulias Óscar , Agut Montserrat , Vázquez M. Eugenio , Nonell Santi 
Published: October 2018

The use of light‐activated triphenylphosphonium‐based antimicrobials to tackle the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance has been proposed in this study. Chemical modification of phenalenone and perylene with triphenylphosphonium cations enhances their photoantimicrobial activity up to 107 times. Selective targeting of Gram‐positive bacteria is demonstrated.Further details can be found in the article by Roger Bresolí‐Obach, Ignacio Gispert and Diego García Peña et al. (e201800054).Cover art by M. Eugenio Vázquez, @ChemBioUSC
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MR study of longitudinal variations in proximal femur 3D morphological shape and associations with cartilage health in hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Inamdar Gaurav , Pedoia Valentina , Rossi‐Devries Jasmine , Samaan Michael A. , Link Thomas M. , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to use quantitative MRI analysis to longitudinally observe the relationship between 3D proximal femur shape and hip joint degenerative changes. Forty‐six subjects underwent unilateral hip MR imaging at three time points (baseline, 18 and 36 months). 3D shape analysis, hip cartilage T1ρ/T2relaxation time quantification, and SHOMRI MRI grading were performed at each time point. Subjects were grouped based on KL, SHOMRI, and HOOS pain scores. Associations between these score groupings, time, and longitudinal variation in shape, were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation. One‐way ANCOVA was conducted to evaluate change in shape as a predictor of the worsening of degenerative changes at 36 months. Our results demonstrated that subjects displayed an increase in the volume of the femoral head and neck (Mode 3) over time. This shape mode was significantly more prevalent in patients that reported pain. Longitudinal changes in this shape mode also served as borderline predictors of elevated T1ρvalues (p = 0.055) and of cartilage lesions (p = 0.068). Subjects showed a change in the Femoral Neck Anteversion angle (FNA) over time (Mode 6). This shape mode showed a significant interaction with the presence of cartilage lesions. The results of this study suggest that specific variations in bone shape quantified through 3D‐MRI based Statistical Shape modeling show an observable relationship with hip joint compositional and morphological changes. The shapes observed lead to early degenerative changes, which may lead into OA, thus confirming the important role of bone shape changes in the pathogenesis of OA. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Lipid and color stability of the meat and sausages of broiler fed with calcium anacardate
Authors: Abreu Virgínia Kelly G , Pereira Ana Lúcia F , de Freitas Ednardo R , Trevisan Maria Teresa S , da Costa José Maria C , Cruz Carlos Eduardo B 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnacardic acid, a phenolic compound, represents 90% of cashew nut shell liquid, which is a byproduct from the industrial processing of cashew nuts. This study aimed to add calcium anacardate (CA) to broilers' diets as a source of anacardic acid, to evaluate its antioxidant effect in breast meat and in processed meat products (sausages). For this purpose, birds were fed according to the following treatments: diet without antioxidant and diets containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 g kg−1 CA. Chicken breast meat was stored frozen for 90 days. The thigh and drumsticks were used to produce chicken sausages that were kept in refrigerated conditions for 90 days. Lipid oxidation and color stability were assessed every 30 days.RESULTSFor breast meat, a 2.5 g kg−1 concentration of CA was insufficient to retard lipid oxidation, whereas 10.0 g kg−1 gave rise to a pro‐oxidant effect and 5.0 g kg−1 slowed the oxidation up to 50 days. A level of 7.5 g kg−1 of CA was effective in retarding oxidation, favoring colour stability during the 90‐days frozen storage. For sausages, 2.5 g kg−1 of calcium anacardate in broiler diets was sufficient to retard lipid oxidation. Calcium anacardate 7.5 g kg−1 provided greater redness in the sausages compared with the control and with the other treatments containing 5.0 and 10.0 g kg−1.CONCLUSIONSCalcium anacardate is a potential natural antioxidant for breast meat and sausages in storage when added to broilers' diets. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment adherence in systemic sclerosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Brijs Jan , Arat Seher , Westhovens Rene , Lenaerts Jan Leo , De Langhe Ellen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTreatment adherence is an important medical and pharmaco‐economical phenomenon, influenced by multiple variables. Treatment adherence in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been poorly studied.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess treatment adherence in SSc patients and to identify factors associated with good and poor adherence.MethodsWe conducted a monocentric, cross‐sectional, observational study. Treatment adherence was evaluated by the Compliance Questionnaire of Rheumatology (CQR). The necessity of treatment and concerns about treatment were investigated using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire‐Specific (BMQ‐S). The Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised (IPQ‐R) assessed illness perceptions. Disease‐related characteristics were collected retrospectively.ResultsA total of 66 patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, 47 (71.2%) had a weighted CQR score of ≤80% (“poor adherence”) and 19 (28.8%) had a weighted CQR score of >80% (“good adherence”). No significant relationship between demographic, clinical or psychological factors and overall adherence could be found, except with the IPQ subscale “timeline acute/chronic” (p = 0.042). Our patient population estimated the necessity of their medication high (mean necessity score 20.5), with moderate concern beliefs (mean concern score 15.1). Subjective adherence, as self‐reported by patients, was high.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated low treatment adherence rates in SSc patients. We could not identify demographic, clinical or psychological factors associated with treatment adherence, except with the IPQ subscale “timeline acute/chronic”. This suggests a correlation between poor adherence and the belief that the disease will be chronic without improvement over time. Symptom relief was an important motivating factor for taking medication. The treatment necessity was scored higher than treatment concerns, but the necessity beliefs were not associated with adherence.
Strontium and nitrogen isotopic evidence of food import to Tell Ashara–Terqa, a Bronze Age city on the Euphrates, Syria
Authors: Sołtysiak Arkadiusz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStrontium stable isotope values (87Sr/86Sr) have been measured in tooth enamel samples representing 11 Bronze Age individuals buried at Tell Ashara–Terqa, a major archaeological site in the middle Euphrates valley, eastern Syria. For all analysed individuals, δ15N and δ13C values for dentin collagen were also available. No 87Sr/86Sr value exceeds the local environmental range, so there is no evidence of long‐distance migration. Observed statistically significant negative correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and δ15N values suggests that some food consumed by the local population was imported from areas with a much higher precipitation (lower δ15N) and a different geological background (higher 87Sr/86Sr), which is consistent with textual evidence of cereal transportation from farming areas north to Tell Ashara.