bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using GeoMx DSP Spatial Proteomics to Investigate Immune Infiltration of NOD Mouse Islet and Exocrine Compartments
Authors: Tekin Hasim , Lindhardt Claes , Antvorskov Julie Christine , Bager Nicolai Schou , Michaelsen Signe Regner , Areškevičiūtė Aušrinė , Vind Jonas Pordel , Kristensen Bjarne Winther , Josefsen Knud 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis involves immune cells infiltrating pancreatic Islets of Langerhans, leading to T cell activation, beta cell destruction, and impaired insulin production. However, infiltration has a heterogenic nature that isn’t described in detail, as not all islets are infiltrated. The aim of this study was to investigate if the observed heterogeneity is coupled to differences in immune and/or dysfunctional status of islets or exocrine cells, and if specific markers could elucidate mechanistic details of T1D pathogenesis.

Procedures
The GeoMx platform was used to spatially quantify protein levels in pancreatic islets and exocrine tissue in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice. The protein panel included 17 immune activity markers and nine dysfunction markers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and digital image analysis was used to analyze select marker proteins.

Results
Use of the GeoMx platform to investigate T1D was shown to be possible, as Granzyme B protein levels were found to be lower in distal islet areas when compared to proximal areas. Smooth Muscle Actin protein levels were higher in exocrine areas proximal to immune-infiltrated islets, when compared to distally located exocrine areas. Findings from GeoMx were however not observed in IHC-stained sections.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that investigating T1D is possible with spatial proteomics, as the assays revealed presence of heterogenic islet areas in NOD mice, which may play a role in T1D progression and escape from immune recognition. This study highlights the potential of spatial technologies for elucidating T1D pathogenesis and future treatment strategies.
A two-step dynamic FEM-FELA approach for seismic slope stability assessment
Authors: Schmüdderich Christoph , Herz Charlotte , Albared Alischa , Machaček Jan , Prada-Sarmiento Luis Felipe , Staubach Patrick , Wichtmann Torsten 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe determination of the factor of safety (FoS) of slopes during seismic excitation can be complex if the relevant effects of pore water pressure accumulation, nonlinear material response and variable shear strength are duly accounted for. A rational two-step approach to tackle this task based on a hydro-mechanically coupled dynamic simulation and finite element limit analyses is henceforth introduced. To ensure accurate transfer of the hydro-mechanical soil state, a mapping concept is presented, accounting for spatial distributions of stresses, excess pore water pressures, inertial forces and shear strength. The proposed approach is compared to limit equilibrium method (LEM) for the case of a large-scale water-saturated open cast mine slope subjected to seismic loading. In comparison with LEM, the new approach to assess seismic slope stability proves to be simpler in its implementation and straightforward, which could be an important asset for practitioners.
Immigrant Generation, Ethnicity, and Early-life Education Outcomes: Evidence from the Born in Bradford Family Cohort Study
Authors: Hou Bo , Nazroo James , Wright John , Mon-Williams Mark , Pickett Kate E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between ethnicity and immigrant generation in relationship to early educational outcomes and their potential determinants. Using Born in Bradford, a large longitudinal birth cohort, and its linked education and health records, we investigated the associations between ethnicity, immigration generations and education measures (Early Years Foundation Stage Profile and National Curriculum Key Stage One). We looked at the children of both first- and second-generation immigrants and compared them with White British non-immigrant children. Logistic regressions were used to examine the explanatory factors of the differences. On the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile, children of first-generation Pakistani immigrants did less well than White British non-immigrant children. This was largely related to language barriers. There were no significant differences between the children of second-generation Pakistani families and children of White British non-immigrant families. In Key Stage One results, there were no differences in reading and maths between children of first-generation Pakistani immigrants and the White British children, however, children of first-generation Pakistani immigrants had better scores in Key Stage One writing. Children of second-generation Pakistani immigrants had better odds of achieving expected standards in most models for reading and writing (but not maths) than the White British children. This might be attributed to better socioeconomic circumstances. Immigrant generation is an independent predictor for early educational outcomes. There are different patterns associated with different immigrant generations. Early life policy interventions to help children of first-generation immigrant with their English language before school could improve these children’s school readiness.
Standardization of radiation therapy quality control system through mutual quality control based on failure mode and effects analysis
Authors: Tanimoto Yuki , Oita Masataka , Koshi Kazunobu , Ishiwaki Kiyoshi , Hiramatsu Futoshi , Sasaki Toshihisa , Ise Hiroki , Miyagawa Takashi , Maeda Takeshi , Okahira Shinsuke , Hamaguchi Takashi , Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Funada Norihiro , Yamamoto Shuhei , Hiroshige Akira , Mukai Yuki , Yoshida Shohei , Fujita Yoshiki , Nakahira Atsuki , Honda Hirofumi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe advancement of irradiation technology has increased the demand for quality control of radiation therapy equipment. Consequently, the number of quality control items and required personnel have also increased. However, differences in the proportion of qualified personnel to irradiation techniques have caused bias in quality control systems among institutions. To standardize the quality across institutions, researchers should conduct mutual quality control by analyzing the quality control data of one institution at another institution and comparing the results with those of their own institutions. This study uses failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify potential risks in 12 radiation therapy institutions, compares the results before and after implementation of mutual quality control, and examines the utility of mutual quality control in risk reduction. Furthermore, a cost-effectiveness factor is introduced into FMEA to evaluate the utility of mutual quality control.
Calliandra hispidulocarpa (Fabaceae), a new species from Jalisco, Mexico, with an amended description of C. longipedicellata
Authors: Hernández Héctor M. , Gómez-Hinostrosa Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We describe
Calliandra hispidulocarpa
(Fabaceae), a new species from the Sierra de Manantlán, southwestern Jalisco, Mexico. Specimens of the new species had been confused with the allopatric C. longipedicellata, a hypothetically closely related species restricted to a contiguous mountain range. The morphological differences between the two species are discussed and their geographical distribution is mapped.
Progress in the Identification and Design of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Against Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Sun Shengwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a looming threat to human health around the world. Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to address the AMR crisis. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained increasing attention as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics due to their abundant sources, structural diversity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and ease of production. Given its significance, there has been a tremendous advancement in the research and development of AMPs. Numerous AMPs have been identified from various natural sources (e.g., plant, animal, human, microorganism) based on either well-established isolation or bioinformatic pipelines. Moreover, computer-assisted strategies (e.g., machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)) have emerged as a powerful and promising technology for the accurate prediction and design of new AMPs. It may overcome some of the shortcomings of traditional antibiotic discovery and contribute to the rapid development and translation of AMPs. In these cases, this review aims to appraise the latest advances in identifying and designing AMPs and their significant antimicrobial activities against a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The review also highlights the critical challenges in discovering and applying AMPs.
Importance of LINC00852/miR-145-5p in breast cancer: a bioinformatics and experimental study
Authors: Shakoori Abbas , Hosseinzadeh Asghar , Nafisi Nahid , Omranipour Ramesh , Sahebi Leyla , Nazanin Hosseinkhan  , Ahmadi Mohsen , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Abtin Maryam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to examine the importance of an lncRNA, namely LINC00852, in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Materials and methods
In the current study, we used several online tools to examine the importance of LINC00852 in breast cancer. Then, we examined these findings in 50 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous ones. We also re-evaluated the data of miR-145-5p signature from our recent study.

Results
While in silico tools revealed down-regulation of LINC00852 in breast cancer samples, expression assays showed significant up-regulation of this lncRNAs in breast cancer samples compared with matching control samples from Iranian patients. miR-145-5p was under-expressed in breast cancer samples compared with non-cancerous samples. LINC00852 could separate breast cancer tissues from adjacent non-malignant tissues with an AUC value of 0.7218 (P value < 0.001).

Conclusion
The current study potentiates LINC00852/miR-145-5p axis as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Catecholamine-Induced Inflammasome Activation in the Heart Following Photothrombotic Stroke
Authors: Scott Xavier O. , Kerr Nadine A. , Sanchez-Molano Juliana , de Rivero Vaccari Juan Pablo , Hadad Roey , De La Cruz Alicia , Larsson H. Peter , Dietrich W. Dalton , Keane Robert W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCerebrovascular stroke patients exhibit an increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. The pathomechanisms underlying post-traumatic cardiac dysfunction include a surge of catecholamines and an increased systemic inflammatory response, but whether inflammasome activation contributes to cardiac dysfunction remains unexplored. Here, we used a mouse model of photothrombotic stroke (PTS) to investigate the role of inflammasome activation in post-stroke cardiac dysfunction by catecholamines and to evaluate the effectiveness of the inflammasome inhibitor IC100 on inflammasome activation. To evaluate functional electrophysiological changes in the heart by catecholamine treatment, we recorded action potential duration in excised zebrafish hearts with and without IC100 treatment. We show that PTS induced AIM2 inflammasome activation in atria and ventricles that was significantly reduced by administration of IC100. Injection of epinephrine into naïve mice induced a significant increase in AIM2, IL-1b and caspase-8 in atria. Treatment of excised zebrafish hearts with epinephrine shortened the action potential duration and this shortening that was reduced by IC100. These findings indicate that stroke initiates a catecholamine surge that induces inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the heart that is blocked by IC100, thus providing a framework for the development of therapeutics for stroke-related cardiovascular injury.
Microcrystalline cellulose acetate incorporating cyanoacetyl moiety
Authors: Othman Hoda Sabry , Elsayed Alaa E. , Nawwar G. A. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work is part of our research to develop facile green methods for synthesizing bioactive molecules from biomass. The current study deals with the preparation and investigation of the newly synthesized cyanoacetyl-acetylated microcrystalline cellulose (CAA-MCC). The novelty of this derivative lies not only in its ability to act as a green dry-film biocide/UV blocker for eco-friendly waterborne paints but also in being biomass-derived via solar pulping of rice straw, which is a mild process that produces cellulosic pulp and non-toxic black liquor. Solar acid dissociation of the bleached pulp produces microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which was utilized to synthesize its acetate derivative incorporating the cyanoacetyl moiety (CAA-MCC). The presence of acetyl and cyano acetyl groups in CAA-MCC was confirmed using elemental and spectral analyses, including FT-IR and NMR. Two sets of paint formulations were prepared, one with CAA-MCC and the other with the commercial dry-film biocide Rocima 363. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analyses were performed for MCC, CAA-MCC, and the prepared dry films. CAA-MCC demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity, encouraging its evaluation as a dry-film biocide and UV blocker. CAA-MCC paint films showed resistance to microbial growth on their surfaces without inhibition zones. Moreover, films were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation while monitoring their color change over time. The results revealed that films containing CAA-MCC were more resistant to deterioration than those containing Rocima 363. Viscosity, X-cut adhesion, hardness, and water resistance were also evaluated, and they all improved with the CAA-MCC addition. CAA-MCC could act as a new, cost-effective alternative to petrochemical-derived biocides and UV blockers that can improve paint performance.
Graphical Abstract
Authority and responsibilities of an alliance manager: sustainability alliance case studies between corporate and heterogeneous sectors
Authors: Ishida Mitsue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn a world undergoing rapid change, the effective use of strategic alliances is important for a company to gain a competitive advantage. While previous research has mentioned the importance of understanding the authority and responsibilities of a successful alliance manager, few studies have investigated this topic using systematically gathered real-world data. This study aims to determine the kind of authority and responsibilities an alliance manager has in successful sustainability alliance projects. These generally require cooperation with players in heterogeneous sectors. An analytical framework was developed to examine sustainability alliance cases. Findings reveal that alliance managers at companies with excellent sustainability performance operate in an environment in which psychological safety is ensured. This enables them to autonomously develop emergent activities inside and outside the organization and have greater influence over alliance projects than the authority granted to them. This study suggests that it is essential for an organization to have a management philosophy based on sustainability as a standard for making value judgments. The communication of this philosophy contributes to the psychological safety of staff and thus their initiative taking in boundary spanning.
Enhancing classification efficiency in capsule networks through windowed routing: tackling gradient vanishing, dynamic routing, and computational complexity challenges
Authors: Chen Gangqi , Mao Zhaoyong , Shen Junge , Hou Dongdong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Capsule networks overcome the two drawbacks of convolutional neural networks: weak rotated object recognition and poor spatial discrimination. However, they still have encountered problems with complex images, including high computational cost and limited accuracy. To address these challenges, this work has developed effective solutions. Specifically, a novel windowed dynamic up-and-down attention routing process is first introduced, which can effectively reduce the computational complexity from quadratic to linear order. A novel deconvolution-based decoder is also used to further reduce the computational complexity. Then, a novel LayerNorm strategy is used to pre-process neuron values in the squash function. This prevents saturation and mitigates the gradient vanishing problem. In addition, a novel gradient-friendly network structure is developed to facilitate the extraction of complex features with deeper networks. Experiments show that our methods are effective and competitive, outperforming existing techniques.
Digitale Mitarbeiterführung
Authors: Rybnikova Irma , Menzel Viktoria , Ebers Sabrina , Klemm-Bax Silke 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Digitale Mitarbeiterführung hat vor dem Hintergrund der COVID-19-Pandemie neue Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Die bereits vorliegenden Untersuchungen zur Verwendung digitaler Informations- und Kommunikationsmittel bei Mitarbeiterführung sind oftmals deskriptiv und fokussieren entweder auf die Perspektive der Mitarbeitenden oder der Führungskräfte. Im Unterschied dazu nimmt dieser Beitrag einen expliziten Vergleich der Sichtweisen von Führungskräften und den Mitarbeitenden aus unterschiedlichen Unternehmen und Branchen auf die Herausforderungen digitaler Mitarbeiterführung und den jeweiligen Umgang damit vor. Hierzu wurden qualitative Interviews mit 23 Personen, die als Sachbearbeitende, Kundenbetreuende, Abteilungs- oder Organisationsleitende tätig sind, ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sichtweisen der Führungskräfte und der Mitarbeitenden sich in Bezug auf die Herausforderungen der digitalen Mitarbeiterführung stark ähneln: Als Problemfelder können auf beiden Seiten Technik, Kommunikation sowie Anleitung und Motivation des Personals identifiziert werden. Lösungsansätze, wie eine intensivere Kommunikation, regelmäßigen Austausch und Rückmeldungen, thematisieren hauptsächlich die Führungskräfte.
Praktische Relevanz
Bei der Benennung der Probleme, die mit digitaler Mitarbeiterführung einhergehen, sind sich Führungskräfte und Mitarbeitende nahezu einig. Sie unterscheiden sich aber in Bezug auf die Lösungsansätze dafür: Führungskräfte gehen es mit Hilfe intensiverer Kommunikation und Feedbacks an, wohingegen Mitarbeitende sich bei Lösungen zurückhalten. Um die Akzeptanz derartiger Lösungen unter den Mitarbeitenden zu steigern, sollen Führungskräfte stärker den Sinn dieser Lösungen kommunizieren, u. a. mit Verweis auf die gemeinsamen erlebten Herausforderungen digitalen Führens.
Permafrost Thawing and Estimates of Vulnerable Carbon in the Northern High Latitude
Authors: Nadeem Imran , Nakicenovic Nebojsa , Yaqub Asma , Sakschewski Boris , Loriani Sina , Bala Govindasamy , Tharammal Thejna , Zimm Caroline 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe degradation of permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere is expected to persist and potentially worsen as the climate continues to warm. Thawing permafrost results in the decomposition of organic matter frozen in the ground, which stores large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC), leading to carbon being emitted into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide and methane. This process could potentially contribute to positive feedback between global climate change and permafrost carbon emissions. Accurate projections of permafrost thawing are key to improving our estimates of the global carbon budget and future climate change. Using data from the latest generation of climate models (CMIP6), this paper explores the challenges involved in assessing the annual active layer thickness (ALT), defined as the maximum annual thaw depth of permafrost, and estimated carbon released under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). We find that the ALT estimates derived from CMIP6 model soil temperatures show significant deviations from the observed ALT values. This could lead to inconsistent estimates of carbon release under climate change. We propose a simplified approach to improve the estimate of the changes in ALT under future climate projections. These predicted ALT changes, combined with present-day observations, are used to estimate vulnerable carbon under future climate projections. CMIP6 models project ALT changes of 0.1–0.3 m per degree rise in local temperature, resulting in an average deepening of approx. 1.2–2.1 m in the northern high latitudes under different scenarios. With increasing temperatures, permafrost thawing starts in Southern Siberia, Northern Canada, and Alaska, progressively extending towards the North Pole by the end of the century under high emissions scenarios (SSP5-8.5). Using projections of ALT changes and vertically resolved SOC data, we estimate the ensemble mean of decomposable carbon stocks in thawed permafrost to be approximately 115 GtC (gigatons of carbon in the form of CO2 and CH4) under SSP1-2.6, 180 GtC under SSP2-4.5, 260 GtC under SSP3-7.0, and 300 GtC under SSP5-8.5 by the end of the century.
Gravity-assisted Takeoff of Bird-inspired Flapping-Wing Air Vehicle Using Cliff-drop
Authors: Lee Sang-Gil , Yang Hyeon-Ho , Lee Eun-Hyuck , Han Jae-Hung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Flapping-Wing Air Vehicles (FWAVs) have been developed to pursue the efficient, agile, and quiet flight of flying animals. However, unlike lightweight FWAVs capable of vertical takeoff, relatively heavy FWAVs face challenges in self-takeoff, which refers to taking off without both external device and energy input. In this study, a cliff-drop method is implemented for an independent takeoff of a heavy FWAV, relying solely on gravity. In the takeoff process using the cliff-drop method, the FWAV moves on the ground to a cliff edge using a wheel-driving motor and then descends from the cliff to achieve the necessary speed for flight. To demonstrate the cliff-drop method, the KAIST Robotic Hawk (KRoHawk) with a mass of 740 g and a wingspan of 120 cm is developed. The takeoff tests demonstrate that the KRoHawk, significantly heavier than the vertical-takeoff capable FWAVs, can successfully take off using the gravity-assisted takeoff method. The scalability of cliff-drop method is analyzed through simulations. When drop constraints are absent, the wheel-driving motor mass fraction for cliff-drop method remains negligible even as the vehicle’s weight increases. When drop constraints are set to 4 m, FWAVs heavier than KRoHawk, weighing up to 4.4 kg, can perform the cliff-drop takeoffs with a wheel-driving motor mass fraction of less than 8%.
A critical analysis on the use of force by law enforcement officials in a correctional setting—an expert witness account
Authors: Fitz Lincoln 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Police brutality has become a contentious topic in both printed and social media. This has been fuelled by incidents in the United States where police officers were accused of torturing civilians during arrests. The purpose of this study is to provide an expert witness account of the use of force by law enforcement officials in a correctional setting. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the force factor analysis (resistance vs. sequential levels) that is used internationally to measure the appropriate force allowed in each situation. It further measures the force factor analysis against the different regulatory frameworks that provide oversight of the use of force by law enforcement agencies. A hermeneutics strategy was used to construct a criminological view of the incident. An inductive conventional content analytical approach was used for the subjective interpretation of text data content through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns. The finding indicates that the Resistance Force Comparative Scale is only effective if consideration is given to other environmental dynamics that have an impact on the situation at hand. The effects of prisoner resistance on the severity of force used by correctional staff members are explored, along with implications and recommendations.