bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoventilation, cardiac dysrhythmia, and cardiac arrest following acute Brunfelsia species (Yesterday, today, tomorrow) intoxication in a dog
Authors: Crowley JD , Thomas KA , Donahoe SL , Child G , Hickey MC , Mooney ET 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundIntoxication following ingestion of the popular garden shrub ‘Yesterday, today, tomorrow’ (Brunfelsia sp.) is known to result in gastrointestinal and central nervous system clinical signs in dogs.Case reportA 2‐year‐old dog developed acute‐onset vomiting, profuse diarrhoea and ptyalism after unsupervised access to an enclosed backyard that contained a Brunfelsia sp. shrub. During initial assessment the watery diarrhoea contained plant material and the dog appeared painful on abdominal palpation. Soon after admission, severe neurological abnormalities developed. Decontamination was undertaken by gastric and colonic lavage under general anaesthesia, but on recovery the patient had generalised seizures that were unresponsive to benzodiazepines. Following treatment with multiple antiepileptic medications and endotracheal intubation for loss of gag reflex, the patient developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Four days after initial presentation, the patient developed cardiac dysrhythmia leading to fatal cardiac arrest. Plant material recovered from the shrub and the patient’s gastrointestinal tract were identified as Brunfelsia spp.ConclusionThis is the first report of hypoventilation, severe cardiac dysrhythmia and cardiac arrest associated with Brunfelsia sp. intoxication in a dog. Previous reports described clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease and mild cardiac dysrhythmia progressing to seizure activity and opisthotonus. Electrocardiography should form part of patient monitoring and mechanical ventilation considered for patients that develop respiratory failure, especially if massive ingestion is suspected.
Anaphylaxis associated with intravenous administration of alphaxalone in a dog
Authors: Haworth M , McEwen M , Dixon B , Purcell SL 
Published: May 2019

Case reportWe describe the clinical signs and management of a case of anaphylaxis in a dog after intravenous administration of alphaxalone (Alfaxan®, Jurox, NSW, Aust), which has not been previously published. A female spayed cattle dog undergoing routine imaging for forelimb lameness was induced with Alfaxan after receiving sedation with acepromazine and methadone 70 min prior. Immediately after intravenous administration of Alfaxan, the dog exhibited vomiting and diarrhoea associated with acute hypotension. Gallbladder wall oedema was visualised consistent with anaphylaxis. The dog responded to rapid volume expansion. Adrenaline was not required. The dog made a full recovery within 6 h of the reaction and was re‐anaesthetised 3 days later without incident, using propofol as the induction agent.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first published case of anaphylaxis associated with intravenous Alfaxan in the dog. The APVMA reporting of reactions in small animals from 2003 to 2013 of Alfaxan is consistent with this case report's finding involving the respiratory, circulatory and gastrointestinal systems.
2PN cell donation in Germany. Or: How the German Embryo Protection (Act) undermines itself
Authors: Schickl Hannah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn contrast to embryo donation, the permissibility of 2PN cell donation is highly controversial in Germany. This article is based on there being a legal loophole with respect to 2PN cell donation, which results from an inconsistency within the Embryo Protection Act on the normative status of 2PN cells. Following that thesis, the article argues that, on the basis of the normative criterion totipotency (i.e. the capacity to develop into a born human being), 2PN cells should also be considered human embryos within the meaning of the Act and thereby be protected by that Act in the same way as embryos. However, the normative assumption that 2PN cells should already be endowed with human dignity and the right to life has absurd consequences. Moreover, the consistent continuation of the Embryo Protection Act, as well as of the underlying ethical position or argumentation (i.e. the potentiality argument), leads to the even more absurd consequence of having to place every human somatic cell under the protection of human dignity and the right to life. As totipotency or the developmental potential therefore cannot delimit entities considered worthy of protection (i.e. human embryos) from entities considered not worthy of protection (i.e. 2PN cells, gametes, hESC, hiPSC and human somatic cells), it is not a suitable normative criterion. As a paradigmatic case, 2PN cell donation demonstrates that by retaining this normative criterion the now obsolete German Embryo Protection (Act) ultimately undermines itself.
Raman imaging highlights biochemical heterogeneity of human eosinophils versus human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line
Authors: Rygula Anna , Fernandes Rafaella F. , Grosicki Marek , Kukla Bozena , Leszczenko Patrycja , Augustynska Dominika , Cernescu Adrian , Dorosz Aleksandra , Malek Kamilla , Baranska Malgorzata 
Published: May 2019

SummaryEosinophils are acidophilic granulocytes that develop in the bone marrow. Although their population contributes only to approximately 1–6% of all leucocytes present in the human blood, they possess a wide range of specific functions. They play a key role in inflammation‐regulating processes, when their numbers can increased to above 5 × 109/l of peripheral blood. Their characteristic feature is the presence of granules containing eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), the release of which can trigger a cascade of events promoting oxidative stress, apoptosis or necrosis, leading finally to cell death. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique to detect EPO, which comprises a chromophore protoporphyrin IX. Another cell structure associated with inflammation processes are lipid bodies (lipid‐rich organelles), also well recognized and imaged using high resolution confocal Raman spectroscopy. In this work, eosinophils isolated from the blood of a human donor were analysed versus their model, EoL‐1 human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line, by Raman spectroscopic imaging. We showed that EPO was present only in primary cells and not found in the cell line. Eosinophils were activated using phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, which resulted in lipid bodies formation. An effect of cells stimulation was studied and compared for eosinophils and EoL‐1.
Rockets and feathers behaviour in the Spanish gasoline and diesel market: New evidence
Authors: Martín‐Moreno José Mª , Pérez Rafaela , Ruiz Jesús 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper we analyse the potential asymmetric response of retail prices for gasoline and diesel‐fuel to changes in oil prices for the Spanish economy and its relation with the so‐called ‘rockets and feathers’ behaviour. We show that the assumption made by previous studies, which use as the key explanatory variable the sign –positive or negative‐ of the change in international oil prices, is inadequate for the Spanish case and the magnitude of the change in international oil prices is also relevant. For small changes in international oil prices there is neither price asymmetry nor rockets and feathers behavior in the retail markets. However, price asymmetries in line with rockets and feathers behavior in retail gasoline and gasoil markets are present when these changes exceed a certain threshold. Following Martín‐Moreno et al. (2018) we first apply an Auto‐regressive Error Correction Model and endogenously estimate the threshold triggering the rockets and feathers behaviour. A time‐varying nature for the dynamic response of retail prices to oil price shocks is revealed when we estimate the TAR‐ECM model using rolling windows. Hence, in a second stage, we use a Markov‐switching estimation of the model to test the robustness of the results given its suitability to changing environments. This study could have relevant policy implications for the Spanish gasoline and gasoil retail markets due to the ongoing debate on the existence of a rockets and feathers behavior in gasoline and gasoil retail markets between the Spanish regulatory body and the oil companies.
Compromised left atrial function and increased size predict raised cavity pressure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bytyçi Ibadete , Bajraktari Gani , Lindqvist Per , Henein Michael Y. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAimThis meta‐analysis assesses left atrial (LA) cavity and myocardial function measurements that predict pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).MethodsPubMed–MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Registry were searched up to December 2018 for studies on the relationship of LA diameter, LA indexed volume (LAVI max, LAVI min), peak atrial longitudinal (PALS), peak atrial contraction (PACS) strain and total emptying fraction (LAEF) with PCWP. Eighteen studies with 1343 patients were included. Summary sensitivity and specificity (with 95% CI) for evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and the best cut‐off values for different LA indices in predicting raised PCWP were estimated using summary receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsThe pooled analysis showed association between PCWP and LA diameter: Cohen's d = 0·87, LAVI max: d = 0·92 and LAVI min: d = 1·0 (P<0·001 for all). A stronger correlation was found between PCWP and PALS: d = 1·26, and PACS: d = 1·62, total EF d = 1·22 (P<0·0001 for all). PALS ≤19% had a summary sensitivity of 80% (65–90) and summary specificity of 77% (52–92), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 3·74, negative likelihood ratio (LR‐) <0·25 and DOR > 15·1 whereas LAVI ≥34 ml m−2 had summary sensitivity of 75% (55–89) and summary specificity 77% (57–90), with LR+ >3, LR‐ 0·32 and DOR >10·1.ConclusionsCompromised LA myocardial function and increased size predict raised cavity pressure. These results should assist in optimum follow‐up of patients with fluctuating LA pressure.
Prediction of survival on the waiting list for heart transplantation and of posttransplant nonadherence—Results of a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Vitinius Frank , Reklat Andre , Hellmich Martin , Klask Elisa , Wahlers Thorsten , Rahmanian Parwis B. , Pfister Roman , Müller‐Ehmsen Jochen , Albus Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOnly a few previous studies have focused on the interaction between pretransplant psychological variables, survival on the waiting list, and adherence to therapy after heart transplantation (HTx).MethodsThis work combined two studies: Study 1 monitored survival of patients on a HTx waiting list (n = 50) and study 2 examined barriers to adherence after HTx (subgroup of n = 20). All patients were evaluated immediately after listing for HTx (T0). Those in study 2 were also evaluated immediately after HTx (T1) and after 6 months (T2). Psychosocial functioning was measured by the Transplant Evaluation Rating Scale (TERS), and depression and anxiety by Patient Health Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Barriers to immunosuppressive adherence post‐HTx were measured by the Medication Experience Scale for Immunosuppressants (MESI).ResultsAccording to the TERS classification of Rothenhäusler et al, patients were divided into three groups in study 1. Compared with inconspicuous patients (n = 23) and risk patients (n = 21), high‐risk patients (n = 6) demonstrated a higher mortality (log‐rank test of trend, P = 0.002). In study 2, there was a strong correlation between the TERS (T0) and the MESI (T2) (r = 0.84, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe TERS may serve as a predictor of survival on the waiting list. There is need for further longitudinal data with larger sample sizes.
Asia's ‘little divergence’ in the twentieth century: evidence from PPP‐based direct estimates of GDP per capita, 1913–69
Authors: Bassino Jean‐Pascal , van der Eng Pierre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article uses expenditure‐based purchasing power parities (PPPs) to estimate GDP per capita in comparable prices for 12 Asian countries for six benchmark years during the period 1913–69. The article finds that in 1913 levels of real GDP per capita in several countries were comparable to those in Japan. GDP per capita in Japan and other Asian countries diverged during and after the First World War. The article questions whether Asia's ‘little divergence’ between Japan and other Asian countries dates back to the late eighteenth century. It draws attention to the different resource endowments of Japan, China, and India compared to other Asian countries, and their implications for the development trajectories of Asian countries. The article demonstrates that using historical PPP estimates yields estimates of GDP per capita that diverge from those based on retropolations of the single 1990 PPP‐converted benchmark year. It concludes that historical estimates of PPPs are needed to confirm analyses of comparative economic performance based on available GDP per capita data.
Game of courts: A tale of principles and institutions
Authors: Petrić Davor 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ontological, terminological and conceptual confusion that surrounds the concept of ‘general principles of European Union law’ is far from being resolved. The constitutional interlocutors—the Court of Justice of the European Union and the highest courts in Member States—have at times fiercely argued about their different understanding of general principles, whereas European legal scholarship has failed to convincingly clarify the intricacies surrounding this source of law. Instead of engaging with a more abstract, theoretical question of what general principles are, this paper reflects on the practical, functionalist question: how are they used by the Court of Justice and what are some of their functions and implications? To do so, it enquires into contextual, institutional and strategic features of the Court's behaviour and jurisprudence and responses of the highest national judiciaries to this jurisprudence. The aim is to offer an alternative account of the Court's jurisprudence on general principles.
A new fixture for fracture tests under mixed mode I/II/III loading
Authors: Razavi Nima , Berto Filippo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a new loading device for general mixed mode I/II/III fracture tests is designed and recommended. Finite element analyses are conducted on the proposed apparatus to evaluate the fracture parameters of the tested samples under various mixed mode loading conditions. The numerical results revealed that the designed loading fixture can generate wide varieties of mode mixities from pure tensile mode to pure in‐plane and out‐of‐plane shear modes. The accuracy of the proposed fixture is evaluated by conducting a wide range of fracture tests on compact tension shear (CTS) specimens made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The experimental results are then compared with the theoretical predictions obtained by the Richard criterion. A good consistency is observed between the experimental results and theoretical predictions.
Association between histopathological changes and expression of selected microRNAs in skin of adult patients with IgA vasculitis
Authors: Jurčić Vesna , Bolha Luka , Matjašič Alenka , Sedej Ivana , Dolinar Ana , Grubelnik Gašper , Hauptman Nina , Pižem Jože , Jevšinek-Skok Daša , Hočevar Alojzija , Ravnik‐Glavač Metka , Glavač Damjan 
Published: May 2019

AimsIgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a common small‐vessel systemic vasculitisthat is histologically characterised by granulocyte infiltration and IgA deposition in vessel walls. Information on microRNA (miRNA) involvement inIgAVis limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between histopathological changes and expression profiles of 14 miRNAs in the affected skin of 70 adult patients with IgAV.Methods and resultsmiRNA expression analysis was performed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and evaluation of histopathological changes by light and immunofluorescence microscopy on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded skin excision samples. In IgAV‐affected skin, granulocyte infiltration was significantly associated with vessel fibrinoid necrosis. Of the analysed miRNAs, four showed two‐fold increased expression (let‐7d, let‐7f, miR‐21‐5p, and miR‐203‐3p), five showed five‐fold increased expression (let‐7b, miR‐17‐5p, miR‐155‐5p, miR‐423‐5p, and miR‐451a), and threeshowed 15‐fold increased expression (let‐7a, miR‐21‐3p, miR‐223‐3p), as compared with controls (all P < 0.001). miR‐146a‐5p and miR‐148b‐3p showed three‐fold decreased expression (P = 0.981 and P < 0.001). The expression of miR‐223‐3p also showed a significant positive association with granulocyte infiltration and fibrinoid necrosis.ConclusionsAltered miRNA expression, especially of miRNA‐223‐3p, may be associated with the skin inflammatory state in IgAV. The majority of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in IgAV‐affected skin are known to influence the nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathway, which is crucial for activation of key proinflammatory genes, including those encoding tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐8. Furthermore, miR‐146a‐5p and miR‐148b‐3p, which are negative regulators of inflammatory gene expression, showed decreased expression and could contribute to the exaggerated inflammation. Further investigation of miRNA expression in the affected tissues could improve our knowledge of IgAV pathogenesis, and possibly help to identify novel biomarkers in body fluids.
Effective Macroprudential Policy: Cross‐Sector Substitution from Price and Quantity Measures
Authors: CIZEL JANKO , FROST JON , HOUBEN AERDT , WIERTS PETER 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMacroprudential policy is increasingly being implemented worldwide, and is mostly applied to banks. A key question is whether this prompts substitution toward nonbank credit. Using two different global data sets on macroprudential measures and different methodologies, including detrended series, panel estimations, and propensity score matching, we find evidence of such substitution. Substitution toward nonbank credit appears to be stronger when policy measures are binding and are implemented in economies with well‐developed nonbank credit markets. This substitution partially offsets the fall in bank credit, thus dampening the policies’ effect on total credit.
“Miliacin encapsulated by polar lipids stimulates cell proliferation in hair bulb and improves telogen effluvium in women”
Authors: Keophiphath Mayoura , Courbière Christophe , Manzato Léana , Lamour Irène , Gaillard Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMiliacin, the main triterpenoid from millet, is known to stimulate keratinocyte metabolism and proliferation. Polar lipids are able to form vesicles with active compounds and to improve their bioavailability.ObjectivesWe aimed to demonstrate potential benefits of a solution of miliacin encapsulated within polar lipids (MePL) on telogen effluvium prevention and hair condition in women.METHODSAfter preliminary cell proliferation studies, a placebo‐controlled, multicentric, randomized, double‐blind trial was performed on sixty‐five nonmenopausal women affected by telogen effluvium, to assess the efficacy of a 12‐week oral supplementation with MePL. Telogen and anagen densities were determined by phototrichogram analysis. Scalp dryness and hair brightness were clinically evaluated using a Likert scale.ResultsMePL further enhanced cell proliferation in hair bulb from human scalp than miliacin alone. Compared to the placebo treatment, MePL supplementation significantly reduced telogen density after 12 weeks of treatment. An increase of anagen density was observed in both groups, although there was no significant difference between the two treatments. Scalp dryness was more decreased in the MePL group than in the placebo group. A better improvement of hair brightness was also observed after 12 weeks of supplementation with MePL.ConclusionTwelve weeks of MePL supplementation significantly reduced the hair density in the telogen phase and, in parallel, improved scalp dryness and hair condition. These effects could be linked to MePL activity on cell proliferation in hair bulb. MePL is an original association of plant extract that could help to prevent and/or limit hair loss in women.
Macrophage CCL22 expression in the tumor microenvironment and implications for survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Kimura Satoshi , Nanbu Uki , Noguchi Hirotsugu , Harada Yoshikazu , Kumamoto Keiichiro , Sasaguri Yasuyuki , Nakayama Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCCL22, mainly synthesized by monocyte‐derived alternative (M2) macrophages, belongs to the CC family of chemokines. CCR4, the receptor for CCL22, is expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 cells. The Yamamoto‐Kohama (YK) mode of invasion has been associated with tumor prognosis. Herein, we investigated the role of CCL22 in the tumor microenvironment and its effect on the overall survival rate in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsTumor sections obtained from 92 patients with tongue SCC were graded based on the mode of invasion according to the YK classification. The expressions of several markers (CCL22, CD8, and Ki‐67 by immunohistochemistry; CCR4 and FoxP3 by immunofluorescent staining) were evaluated. Student's t test and chi‐square tests were used to compare differences between numerical variables and groups, respectively. Survival curves were plotted according to the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using a log‐rank test. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using univariate or multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThe expression of CCL22 was significantly correlated with YK classification, overall survival rate (P < 0.001), a decrease in the number of CD8‐positive cells, and an increase in the tumor Ki‐67 index. In addition, CCR4‐positive cells were observed around CCL22‐positive macrophages.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the expression of CCL22 in the tumor microenvironment led to a deterioration in the prognosis of patients with tongue SCC by influencing the balance of M1‐ and M2‐like macrophages.
Lispro insulin and electrolyte supplementation for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in cats
Authors: Anderson Jodie D. , Rondeau Danielle A. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous continuous rate infusion (IVCRI) of lispro at a starting dose of 0.09 U/kg/h and the use of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) for fluid resuscitation in cats with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have not been reported. Protocols for correction of electrolyte deficiencies in cats with DKA are lacking.ObjectivesTo characterize the use of IVCRI lispro at an initial dose of 0.09 U/kg/h and the use of NaCl for resuscitation. Explore protocols for electrolyte supplementation in cats with DKA.AnimalsTwelve cats with DKA enrolled from the cat population of a university hospital.MethodsRandomized, controlled, blinded study. Six cats were randomized into each group, the lispro insulin treatment group (LITG) and regular insulin treatment group (RITG). All cats received IVCRI fluid resuscitation with NaCl. Solutions with higher than previously published electrolyte concentrations were used to treat electrolyte deficiencies.ResultsThe median time to blood glucose (BG) concentration <250 mg/dL was significantly shorter in the LITG (median 7 hours, 2‐10 hours) than the RITG (median 12.5 hours, 8‐20 hours;P = .02). Two cats had nonclinical hypoglycemia (BG = 40 mg/dL). The most rapid change in 157 measurements of corrected sodium concentrations was 0.7 mmol/L/h. Low concentrations of serum sodium, potassium, phosphate, and magnesium were over 3 times more common than above normal electrolyte concentrations, despite supplementation with fluids of high electrolyte concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLispro at a starting dose of 0.09 U/kg/h and NaCl administered for fluid resuscitation are safe and effective for treatment of DKA in cats.