bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture protocols for the gulf coast pygmy sunfish,Elassoma gilberti
Authors: Lipscomb Taylor N. , Tuckett Quenton M. , Wood Amy L. , Patterson Joshua T. , Ramee Shane W. , Watson Craig A. , DiMaggio Matthew A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreasing interest in native North American fishes for ornamental use provides opportunities for novel aquaculture endeavors.Elassoma gilbertiis a brightly colored, small‐bodied, warm water fish native to the southeast United States that is currently traded as an ornamental species. Little information is available on the biology and ecology ofElassomaspecies, and empirical culture protocols have yet to be established. Here, we develop and experimentally evaluate culture protocols forE. gilberti, including spawning substrate preference, egg incubation and disinfection, larval dietetics, and larval growth and development. Broodfish preferentially spawned in artificial floating vegetation (yarn mops) when compared to benthically oriented bottle brushes and gravel beds. Embryos exhibited significantly higher hatch rates in static incubators (71.25 ± 22.5%) when compared to upwelling incubators (13.75 ± 7.5%). Hatch rates did not vary significantly following the exposure of embryos to various concentrations of formalin, iodine, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating the potential for safe use of these chemicals in production protocols. Larvae fedArtemianauplii from first feeding to 18 days posthatch exhibited significantly higher growth than those fed three manufactured microparticulate diets, although survival did not vary among treatments. The results of these trials provide necessary information for the successful culture ofE. gilberti, as well as valuable baseline data for captive rearing of other members of the genus.
Effects of a Teacher‐Designed and Teacher‐Led Numerical Board Game Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Study with 4‐ to 6‐Year‐Olds
Authors: Hawes Zachary , Cain Michelle , Jones Shelly , Thomson Nicole , Bailey Cristol , Seo Jisoo , Caswell Beverly , Moss Joan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the current pilot study was to examine the effects of a teacher‐designed and teacher‐led numerical board game intervention. Fifty‐four 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds were randomly assigned to either the number board game intervention or an active control group. Relative to the control group, children who received the number game intervention demonstrated significant improvements on a numeral identification task. This finding is significant in so far as numeral identification skills play a critical role in more advanced numerical and mathematical reasoning. There was no evidence of training‐related improvements on any of the other tasks. In addition to the intervention effects, the present study provides an example of a successful teacher‐researcher collaboration, providing new insights into the making of bidirectional relations between research and practice.
The Competition Account of Achievement‐Value
Authors: Dunkle Ian D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA great achievement makes one's life go better independently of its results, but what makes an achievement great? A simple answer is—its difficulty. I defend this view against recent, pressing objections by interpreting difficulty in terms of competitiveness. Difficulty is determined not by how hard the agent worked for the end but by how hard others would need to do in order to compete. Successfully reaching a goal is a valuable achievement because it is difficult, and it is difficult because it is competitive. Hence, both virtuosic performances and lucky successes can be valuable achievements.
Effects of relational transgressions on idealization of and disillusionment with one's romantic partner: A three‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Niehuis Sylvia , Reifman Alan , Oldham Cary Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this three‐wave study (n = 121 couples), we tested whether one couple‐member's relational transgressions (high and low severity) at Wave 1 predicted less idealization on warmth and competence traits and greater disillusionment by the partner at the next two waves. It was hypothesized that (a) greater frequency of the target partner's severe transgressions in 1 month would be needed to reduce how much the other partner idealized the target in the competence domain, (b) higher frequency of even relatively less severe transgressions would lower the partner's idealization of the target in the warmth domain, and (c) any transgressions would raise perceivers' disillusionment. Longitudinal analyses (controlling for earlier idealization and disillusionment) substantially supported predictions.
Temperature‐ and food‐dependent foraging gene expression in foragers of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Zhou Yangyang , Lei Yanyuan , Lu Lihua , He Yurong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe behavioural plasticity and adaptability of some insects, allowing them to adapt to diverse habitats, is strongly associated with foraging genes (for). The role of the foraging gene is closely related to insect polyphenism and some abiotic and biotic factors. The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has successfully expanded its global range and is considered as a model insect because of its adaptability to a range of environmental factors. We use a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction to study levels of S. invicta foraging (Sifor) gene expression in foragers after changes in temperature and food availability. Sifor expression levels are down‐regulated in colonies kept at 18 °C and up‐regulated in colonies kept at 35 °C after transferring individuals from a colony kept at 26 °C. Moreover, Sifor expression levels decrease when food is deprived and increase when food is restored in comparison with the control. This shows that Sifor is linked to temperature to a great extent and to food transformations to some extent, and suggests that Sifor may explain the ability of fire ant foragers to acclimatize to daily temperature fluctuations. Further research on for gene functions will generate more data with respect to eliciting its role in ecological adaptation to environmental change.
A new model of the development of deception: Disentangling the role of false‐belief understanding in deceptive ability
Authors: Jakubowska Joanna , Białecka‐Pikul Marta 
Published: August 2019

Abstract“Deception” is defined predominantly as the intentional attempt to create false‐beliefs in others. However, the intentionality behind early acts of deception and its relation to false‐belief understanding remain unresolved. In this article, we offer a three‐stage theoretical model of the development of deception in human ontogeny. We posit that at any age, human deception is an intentional action, but its form changes according to the level of the deceiver's intentionality. As the primary function of deception is to influence the behaviour of others, we argue that first‐stage deceptions‐in‐action involves only in the analysis of behaviours and perceptual access, not beliefs. In our view, the ability to deceive and false‐belief understanding are eventually inter‐connected, but false‐belief understanding is not essential for the earliest form of deception. Based on empirical findings, which suggest that by observing the results of early deceptions children build their knowledge of mental states as causes of human actions, we claim that the second stage of deception is representational deception. Further, as the understanding of beliefs becomes more advanced, the effectiveness of children's deception increases, and new forms of reflective deception (the third stage) emerge. Future directions for research are outlined, and limitations of the current model are discussed.
The impacts of housing factors on deprivation in a world city: The case of Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Hung , Chan Siu‐ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHong Kong is a typical example of a world city that faces escalating poverty and housing problems. Problems related to housing are crucial in determining deprivation. By means of hierarchical linear regression on a representative survey of Hong Kong residents in 2014, this study examines the impacts of household income and housing factors on the deprivation of residents in Hong Kong. The study indicates that income level has a crucial effect on the deprivation level of households; whereas housing cost per capita, living area per capita, and living quarter problems significantly influence deprivation. A small interacting effect exists between household income and housing factors, which do not influence the independent effects of living area per capita and living quarter problems on deprivation. For the public rental housing residents, only the effect of living quarter problem on deprivation is significant, whereas for private rental housing residents, living area per capita and living quarter problem have a significant effect. Among all the models, housing expense per capita is a significant factor only in model for overcrowded households. The study recommends that improving the maintenance and renovation schemes for public and private housing with poor living environment is a good strategy to improve housing conditions and deprivation. The study suggests that anti‐poverty policies must consider strategies and measures that can improve the housing factors, including housing expenses, living density and living quarter maintenance problems, especially for those residents with high living density, such as those living in bed spaces, cubicles, and subdivided flats.
Poverty affects access to regular source of primary care among the general population in Hong Kong
Authors: Chung Roger Yat‐Nork , Chan Dicken , Chau Nancy Nam‐Sze , Huang Suki , Wong Hung , Wong Samuel Yeung‐Shan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA territory‐wide two‐stage stratified random sample of 2,282 community‐dwelling Hong Kong adults were surveyed between 2014 and 2015 to investigate the association between poverty and regular source of primary care utilization. Poverty was operationalized by income‐poverty and deprivation. About 94% of our sample reported having regular source of primary care (Western and/or Chinese medical practitioner) and about 69% among them were in private sector. Multivariable logistic regression showed that people who were income‐poor and deprived were less likely to have regular source of primary care (income‐poor: OR = 0.523,p= .027; deprived: OR = 0.488,p= .007) and visit private primary care doctors (income‐poor: OR = 0.445, deprived: OR = 0.222, bothp< .0001). Those who had chronic diseases were more likely to have regular source of primary care (multimorbid: OR = 10.709,p< .0001), but less likely to access care in the private sector (one chronic disease: OR = 0.690,p= .019; multimorbid: OR = 0.374,p< .0001) than those without. Further, being older and less skilled were significantly associated with less likelihood of visiting a private doctor. Path analysis showed that the number of chronic diseases had significant indirect effect on having regular source of primary care with being income‐poor and deprived as the mediators (β= −.0183,p= .0016). Therefore, despite a public health‐care system that aims to deny no one from adequate health care for lack of means, regular source of primary care in Hong Kong is found to be pro‐rich. Future policies should tackle the problem of health‐care inequalities to meet the needs of the underprivileged.
Simulating climate change impacts on T. aman (BR‐22) rice yield: a predictive approach using DSSAT model
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Rahman Md. Mohaimanur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClimate change has added a new dimension to the uncertainty in rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield worldwide, and Bangladesh in particular. The present study estimated the potential impacts of climate change on the yield of T. aman (Transplanted aman, BR‐22) rice variety for 12 representative districts in Bangladesh using the DSSAT 4.0 (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) model. Available data on soil and typical crop management practice for T. aman rice were used in the simulations. The daily weather inputs required for this model were generated using the PRECIS (Predicting Regional Climate Impact Studies) model. The model predicted an average yield of T. aman cultivars for selected locations in comparison to the baseline year 2008 are +5.04, +6.06 and −32.43% for the year 2030, 2050 and 2070, respectively. Changes of monthly average temperatures were found to be primarily responsible for the reduction in rice yield. Variability in rainfall pattern over the growing period of T. aman rice also affected the yield. Furthermore, model outcomes envisaged that climate change may make rice yield more susceptible to its transplanting date, forecasting a significant change in yield as the transplanting date is shifted from beginning to the end of July. These outcomes may provide valuable insight into the potential impacts of climate change on rice yield and adequate adaptive measures to mitigate the adverse effect of future climate change in Bangladesh as well as other rice‐growing countries.
CREATORS AND CREATURES: THE CREATION ACCOUNT IN GENESIS AND THE IDEA OF THE ARTIFICIAL HUMANOID
Authors: Ambrus Gábor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractScience fiction, this article argues, provides an imaginative domain which can offer a unique understanding of the interaction between science and religion. Such an interaction is particularly present in the idea of the artificial humanoid as brought to life in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the recent television series Westworld. Both revolve around the theme of a moral relation between scientist creator and humanoid creature in accord with a norm that first took shape in the biblical account of God's creation of the first human beings. At the same time, these works of fiction cast light on the contrast between the biblical account and the Mesopotamian myths of creation. In the manner of Frankenstein and Westworld, science fiction can integrate the perspective of science with that of the biblical tradition.
IN DEFENSE OF PUBLICS: PROJECTION, BIAS, AND CULTURAL NARRATIVES IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION DEBATES
Authors: Elsdon‐Baker Fern 
Published: August 2019

AbstractJohn H. Evans's recent book Morals Not Knowledge is a timely argument to recognize broader social and cultural factors that might impact what U.S. religious publics think about the relationship between science and religion and their attitudes toward science and/or religion. While Evans's focus is primarily on what can be classed as moral issues, this response argues that there are other factors that sit within neither the older epistemic conflict model approach nor a moral conflict model approach that also merit further investigation. There is a significant need for further research that examines the social, psychological, (geo)political, and broader cultural factors shaping people's social identities in relation to science and religion debates. When undertaking such research, we need to be wary of creating a binary between scholarly and public space discourse. Social scientific research in this field should be led by public perceptions, attitudes, and views, not by concepts or frameworks that we project onto them.
Reconciling thermal regimes and tectonics of the early Earth
Authors: Capitanio F.A. , Nebel O. , Cawood P.A. , Weinberg R.F. , Chowdhury P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Thermomechanical models of mantle convection and melting in an inferred hotter Archean Earth show the emergence of pressure-temperature (P-T) regimes that resemble present-day plate tectonic environments yet developed within a non–plate tectonics regime. The models’ P-T gradients are compatible with those inferred from evolving tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite series rocks and the paired metamorphic belt record, supporting the feasibility of divergent and convergent tectonics within a mobilized, yet laterally continuous, lithospheric lid. “Hot” P-T gradients of 10–20 °C km–1 form along asymmetric lithospheric drips, then migrate to areas of deep lithospheric downwelling within ∼300–500 m.y., where they are overprinted by high-pressure warm and, later, cold geothermal signatures, up to ∼8 °C km–1. Comparisons with the crustal production and reworking record suggest that this regime emerged in the Hadean.
Feasibility and performance of a patient-oriented discharge instruction tool for heart failure
Authors: Schofield Toni , Ross Heather , Bhatia R Sacha , Okrainec Karen 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe provision of patient-centred discharge instructions is a pivotal goal for improving quality of care for patients with heart failure (HF) during care transitions. We tested the feasibility and performance of a novel discharge instruction tool co-designed with patients and adapted for HF; the patient-oriented discharge summary (PODS-HF) with the aim of improving communication, comprehension and adherence to discharge instructions.MethodsAn iterative process was used to adapt and implement an existing patient instruction tool for patients with HF (PODS-HF). A mixed methods approach was then used to explore patient experience, feasibility and performance using a pre–post study design among eligible patients admitted for HF over a 6-month period. Outcome measures included: the documentation of patient-centred instructions, a locally derived Average Discharge Score (ADS) based on the inclusion of instructions in nine key areas, patient satisfaction and understanding and adherence to instructions at 72 hours and 30 days determined using follow-up phone calls.Results19 patients were enrolled. The ADS increased by 68% with more consistent documentation. Patient satisfaction remained high. Patients provided PODS-HF reported receiving written information about HF related signs and symptoms to watch for (two out of five patients in the usual care group vs seven out of seven patients in the PODS-HF group; p=0.045). Patients also felt more confident to manage their own health and 30-day adherence to diet and exercise instructions improved while reducing the need for unscheduled visits. Quantitative results were supported by themes identified during follow-up calls, namely, the utility of written instructions and the importance of a follow-up call.ConclusionPODS-HF is a feasible tool for the delivery of patient-centred discharge instructions for patients with HF. The individual benefits of clarification and reinforcement made during follow-up calls among patients receiving this tool remains to be clarified.
Association of school hours with outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in schoolchildren
Authors: Yamashita Akira , Kurosaki Hisanori , Takada Kohei , Tanaka Yoshio , Hamada Yoshitaka , Ishita Tetsuya , Kubo Minoru , Inaba Hideo 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of school hours with outcomes of schoolchildren with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).MethodsFrom the 2005–2014 nationwide databases, we extracted the data for 1660 schoolchildren (6–17 years) with bystander-witnessed OHCA. Univariate analyses followed by propensity-matching procedures and stepwise logistic regression analyses were applied. School hours were defined as 08:00 to 18:00.ResultsThe neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate during school hours was better than that during non-school hours only on school days: 18.4% and 10.5%, respectively. During school hours on school days, patients with OHCA more frequently received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and public access defibrillation (PAD), and had a shockable initial rhythm and presumed cardiac aetiology. The neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate did not significantly differ between school hours on school days and all other times of day after propensity score matching: 16.4% vs 16.1% (unadjusted OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.51). Stepwise logistic regression analysis during school hours on school days revealed that shockable initial rhythm (adjusted OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.12 to 5.42), PAD (adjusted OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.23 to 9.10), non-exogenous causes (adjusted OR 5.88; 95% CI 1.85 to 20.0) and a shorter emergency medical service (EMS) response time (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32) and witness-to-first CPR interval (adjusted OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15) were major factors associated with an improved neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate.ConclusionsSchool hours are not an independent factor associated with improved outcomes of OHCA in schoolchildren. The time delays in CPR and EMS arrival were independently associated with poor outcomes during school hours on school days.
Experience of maternal and paternal adversities in childhood as determinants of self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Pitkänen Joonas , Remes Hanna , Aaltonen Mikko , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionPrevious studies suggest that childhood experience of parental adversities increases the risk of subsequent offspring self-harm, but studies on distinct paternal and maternal characteristics are few and it remains unclear how these interact with childhood social position. The study aims to assess whether paternal and maternal adversities have different associations with offspring self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood. Interaction by offspring gender and childhood income are investigated, as well as cumulative effects of multiple adversities.MethodsThe study uses administrative register data on a 20% random sample of Finnish households with children aged 0–14 years in 2000. We follow children born in 1986–1998 (n=155 855) from their 13th birthday until 2011. Parental substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, criminality and hospitalisations due to interpersonal violence or self-harm are used to predict offspring self-harm with Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe results show a clear increase in the risk of self-harm among those exposed to maternal or paternal adversities with HRs between 1.5 and 5.4 among boys and 1.7 and 3.9 among girls. The excess risks hold for every measure of maternal and paternal adversities after adjusting for childhood income and parental education. Evidence was found suggesting that low income, accumulation of adversity and female gender may exacerbate the consequences of adversities.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that both parents’ adversities increase the risk of self-harm and that multiple experiences of parental adversities in childhood are especially harmful, regardless of parent gender. Higher levels of childhood income can protect from the negative consequences of adverse experiences.
Association of lameness and mastitis with return‐to‐service oestrus detection in the dairy cow
Authors: Remnant John , Green Martin J , Huxley Jon , Hirst‐Beecham James , Jones Rhys , Roberts George , Hudson Chris David 
Published: August 2019

Oestrus detection is an important part of maintaining efficient reproductive performance in dairy herds. Both lameness and mastitis are common diseases of dairy cows that may impact oestrus detection. A set of data from 28 herds identified as having good recording of clinical mastitis and lameness incidents was used for the study. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between disease episodes within 100 days of insemination and changes in the probability of reinsemination at either 18–24 or 19–26 days after an unsuccessful insemination. Population attributable risk was calculated to understand the impact these diseases may have at a herd level. Lameness 0–28 days after the first insemination of the interval decreased the odds of a reinsemination at an appropriate time by approximately 20 per cent. Clinical mastitis 1–28 days prior to the first insemination of the interval increased the odds of reinsemination at the expected time by approximately 20 per cent. The associations were similar for either interservice interval outcome. Population attributable risk suggested that the effect of these diseases on the probability of reinsemination at the expected time at a population level would likely be extremely small.