bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China Whispers: The Symbolic, Economic, and Political Presence of China in Contemporary American Science Fiction Film
Authors: Longden Kenneth 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
China has long been present in Western science fiction, but largely through notions of Orientalism and depictions as the 'Yellow Peril'. However, with China's new ascendancy and modernization over the last 15 years, along with its investment and collaboration with Hollywood in particular, contemporary film in general, and contemporary science fiction in particular, has embraced this new China in ways hitherto unseen before. This essay examines three contemporary western/American science fiction films which each represent and construct China in slightly different ways, and in ways which reveal the West, and Hollywood's reappraisal of the relationship with China and its emerging 'Soft Power.'.
Simple one-pot green method for large-scale production of mesalamine, an anti-inflammatory agent
Authors: Vijaya Lakshmi C. , Katari Naresh Kumar , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report a rapid and efficient synthesis protocol for mesalamine via a green approach with 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid as the starting material, for its large-scale production. This one-pot method involves the conversion of a chloro group into a hydroxyl group using aqueous KOH solution, followed by the reduction of a nitro group to amine using Pd/C. The product was characterised and confirmed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, IR and mass spectrometry techniques. The salient features of the method include excellent conversion (99.3%), high yield (93%), cost effectiveness and validated results for benign, large-scale production.
Structural Characteristics and Hydration Kinetics of Oxidized Steel Slag in a CaO-FeO-SiO2-MgO System
Authors: Jiang Liang , Bao Yiwang , Chen Yuhong , Liu Guiqun , Zhang Xiaoli , Han Fenglan , Yang Qixing 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Although steel slag exhibits cementitious properties, the addition of steel slag in cement is still limited due to both the presence of excess iron oxides and instability of free lime and periclase. This paper proposes a method for oxidizing molten slag in air, aiming at extraction of superfluous wustite and stabilization of free lime and periclase. Mineralogical characteristics of raw slag and modified products were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy equipped with backscattered electron imaging (SEM-BEI), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermodynamic calculations were performed to aid to discuss the experimental results. The results indicate that non-magnetic wustite and periclase are transformed into magnetic spinel (magnetite/magnesioferrite) after oxidation. Temperature has a significant effect on the formation of spinel. The mass fraction of free lime decreases from 3.54 wt.% to 0.96 wt.% as a result of the conversion from free lime to calcium ferrite.
Deciding Novel and Routine Cases without Evidence
Authors: Applegarth Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn novel cases, judges often weigh policy considerations based on common sense assumptions and personal experience about how certain individuals, groups and institutions behave. For example, in assessing the consequences of creating a new category of duty of care, a new immunity from suit or even a new tort, judges are invited to predict (or speculate about) how individuals, groups, professions and institutions would behave if the law was different. In routine cases, judges also rely on assumptions and experience in deciding questions of reasonableness and past hypothetical facts about causation. In deciding both novel and routine cases on the basis of assumptions and experience, judges are prone to cognitive biases that affect decision-making in general.
Croatian in the Mediterranean context: language contacts in the Early Modern Croatian lexicography
Authors: Vuletić Nikola 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper offers an insight into the way language contacts in the Mediterranean context were dealt with in the Croatian lexicography of the 16th and 17th centuries. The first part provides the historical background of the contact situations from the 7th century up to the end of the 17th century, focusing on Dalmatia. The second part represents an analysis of Dalmatian-Romance, Italo-Romance and Turkish loanwords in five dictionaries (Vrančić, Kašić, Mikalja, Tanzlingher-Zanotti, and Ritter Vitezović), reflecting the results of the language contacts on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea and in its immediate hinterland. Positive and negative attitudes of the five authors towards language-borrowing are discussed, as some important differences can be observed, particularly with regard to Italo-Romance loanwords.
Le Dictionnaire étymologique et historique des régionalismes de l’immobilier : structure générale, macrostructure et microstructure
Authors: Wirth-Jaillard Aude 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The main goal of the Dictionnaire etymologique et historique des regionalismes de l’immobilier (Etymological and Historical Dictionary of Regionalisms of Real Estate) is to study regionalisms of French in a thematic perspective. Its first volume, currently in preparation, is dedicated to belgicisms and luxembourgisms. This article first presents the book in general: the broad way “real estate” has to be understood, its purpose and its intended audience. The second part of the article focuses more specifically on its general structure, the third, on its macrostructure and the fourth one on its microstructure. It concludes with some examples of articles: acte (sur terrain), additionnel, arvau, egaline, ressabler.
Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7: a case report
Authors: Zhu Chun , Tong Mei-Ling , Chi Xia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudy advances with a childhood case of partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. The patient is a 36-month-old girl with growth retardation, mild mental retardation and delayed bone age. She showed no signs of hypotelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, low-set ears, or flat and broad nasal bridge. Microarray testing using the Affymetrix CytoScan HD array revealed an approximately 58 kb deletion at 7q31.1 in the girl and her father, suggesting paternal origin. As the patient had no characteristic facial features, 7q deletions had not been considered. This case broadens the range of case presentations for microdeletions of chromosome 7.
Supramolecular interactions of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co- thiophene] with single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yi Wenhui , Xu Hao , Gao Chao , Hou Jin , Jin Weiqiu , Lei Yue , Hou Xun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Efficient selective extraction of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) from as-synthesized SWCNTs is essential for their electronic and photovoltaic applications. In this study, we used a relatively simple copolymer backbone structure of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-thiophene] (PFT) for the selective extraction of s-SWCNTs from HiPCO SWCNTs. The absorption and Raman spectroscopies indicated that the PFT-sorted s-SWCNTs had high purity which was far beyond the sensitivity of the spectrometers. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy showed that PFT mainly extracted the chiralities of (n,m)=(9,5), (8,6), (7,5), and (10,5) s-SWCNTs with the ratios of about 53.1%, 24.8%, 11.5%, and 10.5%, respectively. Both steady-state and transient optical spectroscopies suggested that there was a strong interaction between PFT and s-SWCNTs. Molecular dynamics simulation results agreed well with the experimental data. Additionally, the photoinduced energy transfer behavior of the PFT-wrapped s-SWCNT resultant hybrid was assessed. This work indicated that the prepared PFT-wrapped s-SWCNT hybrid material was attractive for organic photovoltaic devices.
Transdisciplinarity across the Qualitative and Quantitative Science through C.S. Peirce’s Semiotic Concept of Habit
Authors: Brier Søren 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates how Peirce manages to establish a transdisciplinary fallibilist view of the sciences that is not hostile to religious spirituality viewed as a complementary fallibilist knowledge type. I focus on Peirce’s attempt to construct an alternative to classical mechanical ontology with its reversible time concept and the ontological view of absolute transcendental laws of nature. His triadic semiotic pragmaticism has empiricism in common with the logical positivists, but it shares the fallibilist critical stance with Popper, with whose critical rationalism Peirce also shares a thorough-going evolutionary approach. With Hegel and Schelling, Peirce shares a kind of evolutionary objective idealism and with Whitehead a thoroughgoing process view, and finally with Wittgenstein, he shares a pragmatic view of the meaning of words and concepts. What knits together all these apparently incompatible views is his dynamic Tychism and his Synechist field view. Together these produce a transdisciplinary irreversible view of habits as “laws” of nature, mind, and society that emerge in the development of the cosmos. Though Peirce is somehow close to Hegel’s phenomenological and dialectical view on cosmogony, a number of aspects are quite unique about his approach: the most important of these are his dynamic triadic categorically-based semiotics that makes him understand human beings as well as the universe as symbolic self-organizing developing processes. This is an interesting alternative to modern mechanical info-computationalism.
Zur Rückkehr der Machtpolitik in Handelsfragen: Theoretische Überlegungen und politische Empfehlungen
Authors: Felbermayr Gabriel J. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungOpportunistische Regierungen haben vielfache Anreize, unilateral vom Freihandel abzuweichen, zum Beispiel um ihre Terms of trade zu verbessern. Doch was individuell rational sein mag, führt kollektiv in eine Situation, in der alle Länder schlechter gestellt sind, und aus der sie nur schwer herausfinden. Die neuere Forschung zeigt, dass es das Prinzip der Reziprozität im GATT/WTO-System ermöglicht hat, aus diesem Gefangenendilemma auszubrechen. Das Prinzip stellt sicher, dass bei Zollsenkungen die Terms of trade der Länder konstant bleiben, so dass alle Beteiligten profitieren. Reziprozität bedeutet auch, dass der Bruch von Vereinbarungen durch streng reglementierte „Gegenzölle“ kompensiert werden darf. Die glaubwürdige Drohung mit solchen Maßnahmen ist das einzige Mittel, opportunistisches Verhalten in Schach zu halten und die Stabilität der multilateralen Ordnung zu bewahren. Daher ist es auch richtig, dass die EU auf die unter dem Vorwand der Bedrohung der nationalen Sicherheit erhobenen amerikanischen Zölle auf Stahl und Aluminium mit maßvollen Vergeltungszöllen reagiert hat.
Ökonomische Ungleichheit in Deutschland – ein Überblick
Authors: Peichl Andreas , Hufe Paul , Stöckli Marc 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie ökonomische Ungleichheit steht im Fokus der aktuellen politischen Debatte. Paul Hufe, Andreas Peichl und Marc Stöckli zeigen in diesem Artikel, wie die Einkommen, der Konsum und die Vermögen in Deutschland verteilt sind. Dabei erläutern sie, welche Konzepte und Datengrundlagen in der Forschung zur Anwendung kommen und welche Schwierigkeiten bestehen. Sie zeigen, dass die Einkommens- und Konsumungleichheit in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten deutlich zugenommen hat, sich seit einigen Jahren aber stabilisiert. Die schlechte Datenverfügbarkeit erschwert dabei eine umfassende Analyse. Insbesondere in Bezug auf die Vermögen ist es schwierig, detaillierte Aussagen über deren Verteilung zu treffen.
Minimum Quantity Lubrication Using Nano-Graphite Cutting Fluids for Sustainable Machining of AISI 4140 under Different Cutting Conditions
Authors: Revuru Rukmini Srikant , Posinasetti Nageswara Rao , Amrita M. , Vuppala Venkata Ramana S. N. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Traditionally, cutting fluids are applied in large quantities to reduce the cutting forces and temperatures in machining. However, in view of environmental and occupational health concerns with the conventional cutting fluids, industries are moving towards minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). MQL application is environment-friendly, provides good working conditions to employees, and is economical and hence sustainable. The present work studies the effect of MQL that utilizes cutting fluid with nano-graphite particles during the turning of AISI 4140 at varying ranges of cutting velocity, feed, and depth of cut. Taguchi’s design of experiments was used to limit the number of experiments. Cutting forces and surface roughness were measured and the performance of the formulated nano-graphite cutting fluid was compared to dry machining, flood lubrication, and MQL application of the conventional cutting fluid (without nanoparticles) at the considered range of cutting parameters. It was noticed that MQL with nanofluids offers a superior machining performance compared to other considered methods of lubrication. The optimum levels of the cutting parameters were determined using Taguchi analysis for all the lubricating conditions. Confirmation tests were carried out at the optimal conditions to establish the dependence of machining performance on lubricating methods.
Stochastic Programming Approach versus Estimator-Based Approach for Sensor Network Design for Maximizing Efficiency
Authors: Sen Pallabi , Diwekar Urmila , Bhattacharyya Debangsu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The measurement technology with sensors plays a key role in achieving efficient operation of the process plants, and optimal sensor placement is very important in this endeavor. The focus of the current work is on the development of sensor placement algorithms to obtain the numbers, locations, and types of sensors for a large-scale process with the estimator-based control system. Two sensor placement algorithms are developed and investigated. In one algorithm, dynamics in the process efficiency loss that are due to the estimator-based control system that receives measurements from a candidate sensor network are explicitly accounted for. For a large-scale process with a large number of candidate sensor locations, this approach leads to a computationally expensive mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. In another algorithm, the estimation error is accounted for in terms of probability distributions, and therefore, a stochastic programming approach is used to solve the sensor placement problem. A novel algorithm called BONUS is used to solve the problem. The developed sensor placement algorithms are implemented in an acid gas removal unit as part of an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant with precombustion carbon dioxide capture. In this article, we compare and contrast these two sensor placement algorithms by evaluating the efficiency loss of the optimal sensor network synthesized by each of these algorithms along with their computational performance.
Phosphocreatine Levels in the Left Thalamus Decline during Wakefulness and Increase after a Nap
Authors: Gordji-Nejad Ali , Matusch Andreas , Li Shumei , Kroll Tina , Beer Simone , Elmenhorst David , Bauer Andreas 
Published: October 2018

Scientists have hypothesized that the availability of phosphocreatine (PCr) and its ratio to inorganic phosphate (Pi) in cerebral tissue form a substrate of wakefulness. It follows then, according to this hypothesis, that the exhaustion of PCr and the decline in the ratio of PCr to Pi form a substrate of fatigue. We used31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to investigate quantitative levels of PCr, the γ-signal of ATP, and Pi in 30 healthy humans (18 female) in the morning, in the afternoon, and while napping (n= 15) versus awake controls (n= 10). Levels of PCr (2.40 mM at 9 A.M.) decreased by 7.0 ± 0.8% (p= 7.1 × 10−6,t= −5.5) in the left thalamus between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. Inversely, Pi (0.74 mM at 9 A.M.) increased by 17.1 ± 5% (p= 0.005,t= 3.1) and pH levels dropped by 0.14 ± 0.07 (p= 0.002;t= 3.6). Following a 20 min nap after 5 P.M., local PCr, Pi, and pH were restored to morning levels. We did not find respective significant changes in the contralateral thalamus or in other investigated brain regions. Left hemispheric PCr was signficantly lower than right hemispheric PCr only at 5 P.M. in the thalamus and at all conditions in the temporal region. Thus, cerebral daytime-related and sleep-related molecular changes are accessiblein vivo. Prominent changes were identified in the thalamus. This region is heavily relied on for a series of energy-consuming tasks, such as the relay of sensory information to the cortex. Furthermore, our data confirm that lateralization of brain function is regionally dynamic and includes PCr.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are assumed to inversely reflect the cellular energy load. This study detected a diurnal decrease of intracellular PCr and a nap-associated reincrease in the left thalamus. Pi behaved inversely. This outcome corroborates the role of the thalamus as a region of high energy consumption in agreement with its function as a gateway that relays and modulates information flow. Conversely to the dynamic lateralization of thalamic PCr, a constantly significant lateralization was observed in other regions. Increasing fatigue over the course of the day may also be a matter of cerebral energy supply. Comparatively fast restoration of that supply may be part of the biological basis for the recreational value of “power napping.”
Restoration of a Nova Scotia stream to enhance Atlantic salmon provides few benefits to benthic invertebrates
Authors: Têtu Catherine , Mitchell Sean , MacInnis Charles , Taylor Barry R. 
Published: October 2018

Stream restoration is often undertaken with the goal of improving habitat for one focal species, most often a salmonid fish such as trout or salmon. Improvements in channel structure, especially the flushing of silt from sediments, should also benefit benthic invertebrate communities, but studies to date suggest substantial changes in benthic communities following restoration are not common. In a third-order Nova Scotia stream, we examined the effect of successful restoration to improve habitat for spawning Atlantic salmon on benthic invertebrate communities at sites where clogging of the bottom cobble with fine silt had been alleviated. In a long-term comparison of two restored sites and two degraded sites, only six of 24 insect taxa showed increased population density five or seven years after restoration. In a second comparison of a comparatively undisturbed site against a newly restored site and a site restored eight years earlier, only three invertebrate taxa appeared to respond positively and consistently to restoration. In both studies there were no substantial changes in total invertebrate density, taxa richness, Simpson’s diversity index or other community metrics over five years, except for a decline in the EPT/Chironomids ratio in the second study. Ordination of sites by correspondence analysis showed that, in both studies, benthic communities at unrestored control sites and restored sites were clearly different and did not become more similar through time. A long-term restructuring of the benthic community in the entire brook is suggested by the appearance of silt-intolerant shredders (Lepidostoma, Leuctra) among the most abundant members of the benthos in the second study, replacing silt-tolerant collectors (Tricorythodes, Optioservus) that dominated the earlier study. Habitat factors unaffected by in-stream restoration (frequent high discharge, lack of woody debris) limit benthic communities more than substratum quality.
Mapping the topography and land cover of Sable Island
Authors: Colville David , Reeves Brittany , Ure Darien , Livingstone Bill , Stewart Heather 
Published: October 2018

In September 2014 the Applied Geomatics Research Group (AGRG) completed a third aerial mapping campaign of Sable Island. The AGRG first mapped the island in October 2002 with an aerial photography survey. Then in August 2009 AGRG conducted an aerial photography and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) survey. Five years later these same technologies were deployed again. Each of these surveys led to an orthophoto mosaic of the island and a mapping of the land cover. The 2009 and 2014 surveys also mapped the island’s topography using Digital Surface Models (DSMs) derived from the LiDAR data. Ground-truthing efforts associated with each survey provided data to assist with the interpretation and validation of the results.The repeat surveys resulted in an excellent opportunity to quantify the topographic and land cover changes that have occurred on the island. The mapped results provide a comparison of how and where these changes have occurred over the years. AGRG is working with Parks Canada to better understand how the topography and land cover are changing. This understanding will contribute to Parks Canada Ecological Integrity monitoring program for Sable Island and inform the management planning process for one of Canada’s newest national parks.
Perspective on warm climate intervals and their history: How might coastal Canada adapt to an ocean-related and potentially negative impact of predicted warmer conditions?
Authors: Schafer Charles T. 
Published: October 2018

Past warm intervals lasting from decades to centuries can be observed throughout the late Holocene geologic record using various proxy physical, chemical and fossil indices, in conjunction with seasonal information such as the timing of the first flowers of the spring season, or by the dates of first freezing and thaws of fresh water bodies, that have been recorded in various journals. Three important warm intervals that have been identified over the past 3500 years include the Late Bronze Age Optimum (BAO)(~1350 to ~1200 BC), the Iron/Roman Age Optimum (I/RAO)(~250 BC to ~400 AD) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP)(~950 to ~1250 AD). The early phase of the BAO featured maximum development of the Hittite Empire and the evolution of the palace economy. The timing and duration of the later I/RAO show considerable variation from place to place in the Northern Hemisphere. MWP proxy records from several regions indicate that, like the I/RAO pattern, peak warmth occurred at different times in different places included in the Period’s overall footprint. Paleo-temperatures, both slightly cooler and warmer than present, have been reported. The WMP occurred during the Middle Ages at a time of the expansion of major commercial routes along the Mediterranean Sea coast and during an interval when Vikings explored and settled in some areas of the North Atlantic region.Sea level rise is among the suite of important ocean-related negative impacts that are often associated with contemporary global warming scenarios. Both early and modern societies have developed effective adaptation strategies and mitigation techniques to resist rising sea levels and flooding. Many of these have utility for Canada in both inland and especially in coastal areas of the Maritime Provinces. Early sea level rise and tidal flow mitigation measures include the construction of dykes around low-lying areas, sand dune stabilization and shoreline armoring using large boulders in concert with breakwaters and groynes. Today, there is also opportunity for the application of beach nourishment and artificial dune construction to resist erosion by storm waves and alongshore currents but these typically require annual maintenance to remain effective. Last resort mechanisms range from stilt home construction to abandonment (managed retreat) of previously impacted coastal areas. It is very likely that, when needed, Canadians will be able to apply a broad range of modern and ancient effective technologies and to engage engineering expertise to develop new (e.g., hybrid) approaches for combating specific negative coastal impacts than were available to BAO, I/RAO and MWP societies.