bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Julius Caesar (C. Iulius Caesar)
Authors: Osgood Josiah 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Julius Caesar (100–44
bce
) was a politician, general, and writer who reached a unique position of supremacy in the last years of the Roman Republic. While historians continue to debate Caesar's role in bringing permanent monarchy to Rome, proponents and critics alike of autocracy and military conquest throughout history have recalled his name and deeds, making him an iconic figure in western culture.

The member of a relatively unsuccessful patrician family, Caesar had to work his way up the
cursus honorum
like an ordinary politician. He made heavy use of a family connection to the great general, Marius. Conservative senators became determined to thwart Caesar and in his consulship (59
bce
) he used force against them. This left Caesar in a precarious position. The long war he waged in Gaul, recounted in his innovative commentaries, helped Caesar's reputation to soar – and provided him with ample funds and an army. Fearful of giving up command, he invaded Italy in 49
bce
and in the ensuing civil war ultimately prevailed over his old enemies, now in alliance with Pompey. The unprecedented honors bestowed on Caesar, including dictatorship for life, helped lead to his assassination on the Ides of March 44
bce
.
Aelianus, Claudius
Authors: Guillén Lucía Rodrí guez‐Noriega 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Claudius Aelianus (ca. 170–ca. 230
ce
), an exponent of the Second Sophistic movement, was a writer with a taste for erudition, diversity and originality, whose moralizing and didactic interests characterize his production. His main works are
On the characteristics of animals
,
Historical miscellany
, and a collection of
Rustic letters
.
Trade routes
Authors: Schörle Katia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Trade routes, as opposed to routes used for governmental, military, or civilian reasons, can be defined as preferential paths used by institutions or individuals (merchants, etc.) for the specific purpose of moving trade goods from their point of origin or production to their final destination or consumer. In the Roman Mediterranean, the development of maritime trade led to an increased use of maritime shipments in order to reduce general transport costs. Trade routes connected Rome to its provinces, but also connected the capital to regions far beyond the empire.
Minoanizing Paintings in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: von Rüden Constance 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
At several sites around the eastern Mediterranean, murals with stylistic and technical characteristics of Minoan and Mycenean wall paintings have been discovered since the mid‐twentieth century. These similarities have almost exclusively brought the question of itinerant craftspeople and their ethnicity into focus, but without tracing in detail how the different craft traditions were related. Recent research reveals a far more complex web of craft‐interactions than previously thought and shows the necessity of painstaking microstudies to understand the complex eastern Mediterranean interplay. Moreover, the rather Aegean perspective on the topic has marginalized the local architectural and social context of the paintings. The seemingly homogeneous eastern Mediterranean desire for a particular, Aegean‐related, endowment of elite architecture had often been overemphasized, while chronological, cultural, and social differences, and thus the variability in their consumption pattern and perception has largely been neglected.
Persaios of Kition
Authors: Gourinat Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Persaios of Kition (born ca. 300
bce
) was a Stoic philosopher and favorite pupil of Zeno of Kition. He was one of the few Stoic philosophers of the Hellenistic age who achieved real political influence and power as advisor to the Macedonian king Antigonos II Gonatas, and as archon of Corinth. He may have died defending Corinth against Aratos of Sikyon in 243
bce
, but it is also possible that he fled during the siege and escaped. He wrote several ethical and political treatises, including
Memorabilia
of Zeno, a work against Plato's
Laws
and a treatise
On kingship
.
Themis
Authors: Reggiani Nicola 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

With the term
themis
, ancient Greeks indicated both a legal and social concept and a divine notion. The former is related to juridical systems of oral tradition, where the
themistes
are the set of rules or norms that established rights and obligations within the society, constituting the background and the framework of a justice administered by the “kings” through debates and arbitrations. The latter embodies – through the goddess Themis – the abstract regulation that runs the entire cosmic order, with which the gods themselves must comply, and can well be regarded as a metaphysical elaboration of the former's mechanics. In both the human and the divine frameworks,
themis
is strictly connected with
dike
, “justice,” which literally is the pathway “showed” (
deiknumi
) by the decisions compliant with the
themistes
; according to Hesiod's
Theogony
, indeed, Dike is Themis’ daughter.
Alexamenos (inscription)
Authors: Siker Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Alexamenos graffito is a third‐century roughly‐etched caricature of a man named Alexamenos worshipping an ass‐headed man who is being crucified. The inscription reads “Alexamenos worships [his] god.” The crucified figure is most likely a depiction of Jesus, with an ass‐head to illustrate the foolishness of the Christian religion for worshipping a crucified man.
Sabinus (Masurius Sabinus)
Authors: Cascione Cosimo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe article examines the life and work of the jurist Masurius Sabinus, an equestrian who lived in the early Principate and whom Tiberius permitted to give legal answers publicly, a teacher and eponymous head of a group of legal experts, the so‐called “Sabinian school.” His masterpiece, thelibri tres iuris civilis, a short axiomatic treatise on civil law, was commented on by Pomponius, Paul, and Ulpian. His works show a strong interest in the past and were of great importance for ancient scholarship (in particular theNoctes Atticaeof Aulus Gellius).
Sardinia, Iron Age Sanctuaries
Authors: Hayne Jeremy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The appearance of large socioreligious sanctuaries in Sardinia at the start of the Iron Age heralds a new period in the Nuragic culture of the island. Alongside the construction of densely populated “proto‐urban” villages, they mark a break with the past Bronze Age culture and signal new ways of territorial management and religious organization that originated with water and well temples. They were also fundamental for the control and distribution of metal resources by the Nuragic elites.
Polymer–spinel ferrite composite containing nickel, magnesium, and nickel–magnesium ions: Structural, magnetic, electrical, and thermal stability properties
Authors: Masoud Emad M. , El‐Bellihi Abdelhameed A. , Bayoumy Wafaa A. , Abdallah Amira S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFirstly, three different nano ferrites (MgFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4) were synthesized using a combustion method. Secondly, polyaniline composites containing small amounts of those nano ferrites were prepared using in situ chemical polymerization method. Ferrite samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analyses. XRD analysis of ferrites exhibited well‐resolved broad peaks, which confirm the polycrystalline and mono‐phasic nature. FT‐IR confirmed the spinel structure of these ferrites. Polymer nano ferrites composites were also characterized using XRD, FT‐IR, thermal analysis (TG and DTA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Also, electrical (AC conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and complex impedance) and magnetic properties were investigated for all nano composite samples. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of polymer nano composites. Moreover, the absorption bands of polyaniline were shifted in the presence of the three different ferrites, confirming the presence of interactions between the different phases in all composites. Additionally, different thermal stability behavior of nano composite samples was observed, which may be attributed to the nano ferrite type and the physical interactions nature with polymer matrix. The sample containing nano magnesium ferrite showed the core–shell structure by TEM. The same sample exhibited the highest values of both AC conductivity (1.01 × 10−4 ohm−1 cm−1) and magnetization saturation (3.38 emu/g) at room temperature. In comparison with other similar composites containing large amounts of the same ferrite, the investigated sample showed a good magnetization saturation value and thermal stability behavior.
Functional surfaces for efficient differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells into dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Nakaji‐Hirabayashi Tadashi , Fujimoto Kurumi , Yoshikawa Chiaki , Kitano Hiromi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVarious techniques and systems have been reported for the efficient differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells into dopaminergic neurons. Although a comparatively high percentage of dopaminergic neurons can be obtained using these techniques, the differentiated cells display varied cellular phenotypes such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Generation of highly pure dopaminergic neurons is important for cell‐based therapy and in vitro evaluation of dopaminergic neuron function. In this study, we developed a culture surface anchored with several neurotrophic factors and a neuronal cell‐adhesive protein for efficient differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells into dopaminergic neurons. Oligohistidine‐fused brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor, synthesized using genetic engineering, were co‐immobilized on the surface via metal chelation. To facilitate cell adhesion, a cell‐adhesive chimeric protein derived from laminin (LN‐G) was also immobilized on the surface. Approximately 40% of the cells cultured for 14 days with these protein‐immobilized substrates expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopaminergic neurons, with a three‐fold increase in differentiation efficiency than that reported previously. In addition, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive cells increased to approximately 80% of the culture after 30 days. These cells secreted dopamine and expressed dopaminergic neuron‐specific genes. Interestingly, cell types (glial cells and oligodendrocytes) other than neuronal cells (immature and mature dopaminergic neurons) were not detected on the protein‐anchored surface. Our results demonstrate that highly pure dopaminergic neurons can be exclusively obtained using the novel substrate without extra purification steps such as cell sorting. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 860–871, 2019.
Translating advances in organ‐on‐a‐chip technology for supporting organs
Authors: Ashammakhi Nureddin , Elkhammas Elmahdi , Hasan Anwarul 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTOrgan‐on‐a‐chip platforms have recently seen tremendous progress. They have found potential applications in the study of physiology and pathology of tissues, drug toxicity, and development of tissue models for replacement of animal studies. However, their potential role in organ transplantation has hardly been discussed, so far. Organ transplantation represents a major medical advancement of the twenty‐first century, yet it suffers from limitation due to the shortage of organ supply. Very often, organs harvested from donor's body are deemed non‐usable because of being damaged or “marginal”. Recently, developments of bioartificial devices such as artificial placenta and renal assist‐devices have shown that it is possible to develop novel bioartificial organ support systems that can support the healing of damaged or marginal organs prior to their transplantation. In the current article, we introduce a novel concept for building bioartificial organ assist devices and systems by integrating arrays of numerous organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms. The new system can be used in organ repair centers as means for temporary organ support and functional enhancement. We have also briefly reviewed the relevant organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms developed so far, and related literature to form a basis for developing our new concept, device and its application. The proposed system may help to increase the number of organs available for transplantation and improve transplantation outcomes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2006–2018, 2019.
Evaluation of antimicrobial, antibiofilm and carbonic anhydrase inhibition profiles of 1,3‐bis‐chalcone derivatives
Authors: Tutar Uğur , Koçyiğit Ümit M. , Gezegen Hayreddin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA series of 1,3‐bis‐chalcone derivatives (3a‐i, 6a‐i and
8) were synthesized and evaluated antimicrobial, antibiofilm and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities. In this evaluation,
6f was found to be the most active compound showing the same effect as the positive control against
Bacillus subtilis and
Streptococcus pyogenes in terms of antimicrobial activity. Biofilm structures formed by microorganisms were damaged by compounds at the minimum inhibitory concentration value between 0.5% and 97%.1,3‐bis‐chalcones (
3a‐i, 6a‐i and
8) showed good inhibitory action against human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms I and II. hCA I and II were effectively inhibited by these compounds, with
K
i values in the range of 94.33 ± 13.26 to 787.38 ± 82.64 nM for hCA I, and of 100.37 ± 11.41 to 801.76 ± 91.11 nM for hCA II, respectively. In contrast, acetazolamide clinically used as CA inhibitor showed
K
i value of 1054.38 ± 207.33 nM against hCA I, and 983.78 ± 251.08 nM against hCA II, respectively.
Do physical disabilities differentiate between suicidal ideation and attempts? An examination within the lens of the ideation to action framework of suicide
Authors: Khazem Lauren R. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined histories of suicidality among those with and without physical disabilities. Physical disabilities were anticipated to differentiate those with a history of suicide attempts from those with a history of ideation only after accounting for the presence of health conditions and other correlates.MethodsParticipants were 374 adults (M
age = 36.08; 55.61% female; 84 with at least one physical disability) who completed a series of online questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine the effect of the presence of physical disabilities on states of suicidality.ResultsThe presence of a physical disability was associated with significantly increased odds of suicide attempts when compared to those with suicidal ideation only. This association was no longer significant when chronic pain conditions were classified as health conditions.ConclusionPhysical disability may be a factor differentiating between ideators and attempt survivors.
“Do I feel threatened? No… I’m learning!”—Affective and relational dynamics in science professional development
Authors: Finkelstein Carla , Jaber Lama Z. , Dini Vesal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on interactions in a science professional development (PD) course in which participating teachers engaged in doing science. Whereas the PD design of this course aligned with research on effective PD practices, we found that these practices did not sufficiently account for the affective and relational dynamics that unfolded in the PD interactions. In this paper we explore how critical discourse analysis (CDA) can be used both to theorize and analyze the affective and relational work happening in PD, through the critical lenses of power and positioning. Our analysis surfaces tensions between participants and facilitators, as well as among participants, which often related to their notions of disciplinary expertise. More important, our analysis shows that attunement to affective and relational dynamics, including explicit attention to communication norms, is essential for engendering productive learning opportunities within PD spaces. We discuss the implications of this study for teacher educators and PD facilitators, and we end with directions for future research on affective and relational dynamics in teacher learning.
Uncovering the Main Root Cause: The Mindset Factor
Authors: Park Jong-Dae 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, the author shifts gear to a whole different level of ‘mind over matter‘, postulating that there is such thing as the principle, overarching root cause of Africa’s underdevelopment: the people’s ‘mindset’. He draws on the Korea’s experience, and the parallels between the Korean experience and the circumstances of Sub-Saharan African countries, to make the case appealing and pertinent. The problematic mindsets or the ‘syndromes’ that are counterproductive to development are identified and explained. These include the dependency syndrome, ‘backtracking syndrome’, ‘what’s-in-it-for-me syndrome‘, lack of action and implementation, the commission culture, etc. This chapter offers a rare look into the mindset issue from an analytical context.
The Essence of the Korean Model of Development
Authors: Park Jong-Dae 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, the author produces a much-needed conceptualized Korean development model featuring all the crucial elements characterizing Korea’s development—foundational, psychological, economic and socio-political—in an organized structure. He dissects South Korea’s transformational path into different stages, both in the economic and the socio-political realms, and indicates their principal driving forces or logics, namely ‘economic discrimination’ and ‘development-mindedness’. The model is derived from the ‘building-block’ process of understanding Korea and also incorporates human factors like Koreans’ ‘egalitarian spirit’. This conceptual model captures the essence of South Korea’s compressed economic and socio-political development.
Influence of a hybrid digital toolset on the creative behaviors of designers in early-stage design
Authors: Zboinska Malgorzata A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate how diversification of the repertoire of digital design techniques affects the creative behaviors of designers in the early design phases. The principal results of practice-based pilot experiments on the subject indicate three key properties of the hybrid digital tooling strategy. The strategy features intelligent human-machine integration, facilitating three different types of synergies between the designer and the digital media: human-dominated, machine-dominated, and a balanced human-machine collaboration. This strategy also boosts the cognitive behaviors of the designer by triggering divergent, transformative and convergent design activities and allowing for work on various abstraction levels. In addition, the strategy stimulates the explorative behaviors of the designer by encouraging the production of and interaction with a wide range of design representations, including physical and digital, dynamic and static objects. Thus, working with a broader range of digital modeling techniques can positively influence the creativity of designers in the early conception stages.
Highlights The hybrid digital toolset positively affects the creative behaviors of designers. The toolset boosts the cognitive and visual thinking behaviors. The toolset features intelligent human-machine synergies. The toolset aids interactions with the design representations. The toolset supports early-stage conceptual architectural design.
Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin in Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yamakawa Kazuma , Murao Shuhei , Aihara Morio 
Published: December 2018

Background Clinical effectiveness of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhTM) in sepsis or sepsis-induced coagulopathy remains a matter of dispute. Recently, the Sepsis Coagulopathy Asahi Recombinant LE Thrombomodulin (SCARLET) trial, the latest multinational multi-centre phase III randomized controlled trial, was completed.
Objective This article assesses the benefits and harms of rhTM therapy in sepsis-induced coagulopathy by updating our previous systematic review.
Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of rhTM therapy for sepsis-induced coagulopathy in randomized controlled trials. All-cause 28-day mortality as efficacy and serious bleeding complications as the adverse effect were measured as primary outcomes. We assessed the certainty of a body of evidence at the outcome level using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.
Results We analysed five trials enrolling 1,762 patients. Approximately 13% reduction in the risk of mortality was observed in the rhTM group, but the difference was not significant (relative risk, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.03; p = 0.10; I
2 = 0%). Risk of serious bleeding complications did not increase with rhTM administration. We judged the certainty of evidence as moderate for mortality and low for serious bleeding. Trial sequential analysis indicated that only 42.0% of the required information size is actually available at this stage to reject or accept low risk-of-bias trials examining the anticipated effect for all-cause mortality.
Conclusion Even in this updated review including the latest SCARLET trial, we currently cannot make any declarative judgments about the beneficial effects of rhTM in sepsis-induced coagulopathy, although some favourable effects were suggested.
Managing Anti-Platelet Therapy in Thrombocytopaenic Patients with Haematological Malignancy: A Multinational Clinical Vignette-Based Experiment
Authors: Leader Avi , Ten Cate Vincent , Ten Cate-Hoek Arina , Spectre Galia , Beckers Erik , Raanani Pia , Giaccherini Cinzia , Pereg David , Schouten Harry , Falanga Anna , Ten Cate Hugo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractData on anti-platelet therapy (APT) for prevention of atherothrombotic events in thrombocytopaenic cancer patients is lacking. We aimed to identify patient and physician characteristics associated with APT management in thrombocytopaenic patients with haematological malignancy. A clinical vignette-based experiment was designed. Eleven haematologists were interviewed, identifying five variable categories. Next, 18 hypothetical vignettes were generated. Each physician received three vignettes and chose to: hold all APT; continue APT without platelet transfusion support; or continue APT with platelet transfusion support. The survey was distributed to haematologists and thrombosis specialists in three countries. Multivariate cluster robust Poisson regression models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) of using one management option (over the other) for each variable in comparison to a reference variable. A total of 145 physicians answered 434 cases. Clinicians were more likely to hold APT in case of 20,000/µL platelets (vs. 40,000/µL; RR for continuing: 0.82 [95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.91]), recent major gastrointestinal bleeding (vs. none; RR 0.81 [0.72–0.92]) and when the physician worked at a university-affiliated community hospital (vs. non-academic community hospital; RR 0.84 [0.72–0.98]). Clinicians were more likely to continue APT in ST elevation myocardial infarction with dual APT (vs. unstable angina with single APT; RR 1.31 [1.18–1.45]) and when there were institutional protocols guiding management (vs. none; RR 1.15 [1.03–1.27]). When APT was continued, increased platelet transfusion targets were used in 34%. In summary, the decision process is complex and affected by multiple patient and physician characteristics. Platelet transfusions were frequently chosen to support APT, although no evidence supports this practice.