bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les Verts, une gauche alternative ? (1984 - fin des années 1980)
Authors: Repaire Sébastien 
Published: June 2018

Héritiers de la mouvance écologiste des années 1970, les Verts, fondés en 1984, refusent originellement de prendre position sur l’axe gauche-droite. Celui-ci est en effet perçu comme suranné, en dépit même de l’origine politique d’un nombre important de responsables écologistes, passés par des organisations de gauche, en particulier par le PSU, dans la décennie précédente. Or, malgré la volonté affichée de dépasser le clivage gauche-droite, et peut-être en raison justement des itinéraires politiques de nombre d’entre eux, les Verts tentent d’instaurer, dans leurs premières années d’existence, un dialogue avec les gauches alternatives. Plus encore, ils se rêvent en parti pivot d’un camp alternatif en gestation, sans pour autant renoncer à leur identité politique, ni à l’idée que l’écologie constituerait un nouveau paradigme politique, par-delà le socialisme et le libéralisme. Dès lors, une relation ambiguë s’établit entre les écologistes et les gauches alternatives : si chaque acteur a pleinement conscience des bénéfices, notamment électoraux, qu’il pourrait retirer d’une telle alliance, les méfiances réciproques, et notamment la peur des écologistes d’être victimes d’un noyautage par l’extrême gauche, rendent la convergence difficile. Après 1986 et l’arrivée à la tête des Verts d’une majorité « environnementaliste », le rapprochement avec les gauches alternatives n’est d’ailleurs plus le projet du parti, mais simplement celui des militants les plus à gauche qui continuent de croire en une grande convergence « rouge-verte ». Face à la candidature de Pierre Juquin en 1988, ceux-ci ont d’ailleurs parfois du mal à se déterminer entre Juquin et le candidat des Verts, Antoine Waechter. À la fin de la décennie, si la convergence apparaît comme un échec, elle a néanmoins permis pour les Verts la captation d’un second héritage, venu de l’extrême gauche, par le biais d’ex-militants notamment trotskistes et maoïstes qui décident de poursuivre leur engagement dans l’écologie politique. Ils compteront pour certains d’entre eux parmi les principaux partisans d’une alliance avec le Parti socialiste dans la décennie suivante.
De la « charité investigatrice » à la science de la pauvreté : l’activisme du visiteur des pauvres
Authors: Rodriguez Jacques 
Published: June 2018

Cet article présente la pratique de la visite domiciliaire aux pauvres telle qu’elle a été conçue par le baron de Gérando en France et ses contemporains européens, en particulier Thomas Chalmers et Daniel von der Heydt. Il rappelle que le schéma de la visite aux pauvres s’inscrit, au xix e siècle, dans un vaste mouvement de rationalisation du geste charitable ; il souligne également que ce procédé relève d’une volonté de contrôler les familles déshéritées, mais aussi de mieux les connaître afin d’échafauder une véritable science de la pauvreté ; il s’interroge enfin sur la persistance ou, plus exactement, la rémanence de cette pratique, qui a survécu à la disparition des conditions de sa mise en œuvre.
La charité à l’épreuve du roman balzacien
Authors: Bierce Vincent 
Published: June 2018

Dans La Comédie humaine , Balzac propose une remise en cause de la charité traditionnelle : il interroge sa place au sein d’une société contemporaine inquiète et propose des tentatives pour construire des solutions qui soient plus efficaces. Cette problématisation générale a une conséquence importante : la charité n’est plus seulement le fait du prêtre, et la réussite des projets charitables est alors transférée vers des tentatives émanant de personnages laïcs, comme des médecins, des juges ou des ingénieurs. Cette concurrence nouvelle, en plus de proposer des modèles de bienfaisance efficaces, souligne les limites de la charité traditionnelle et du personnel ecclésiastique. L’efficacité de la charité traditionnelle est ainsi remise en cause par l’émergence d’autres systèmes que prennent en charge les fictions en proposant une réflexion à la fois sur les modalités de représentation de ces nouvelles formes de bienfaisance et sur les acteurs de la charité moderne.
Lieux communs, refuges narratifs ? Le Rouge et le Noir et les Mémoires de Marmontel
Authors: Lammers Philipp 
Published: June 2018

Le Rouge et le Noir , lu en tant que « récit de vie », peut être rapproché des Mémoires du temps de Stendhal, notamment des Mémoires d’un père de Jean-François Marmontel, ouvrage dont s’inspire le début du roman comme d’un contre-modèle. Le roman de Stendhal s’attaque, à travers la peinture de ses lieux et milieux, aux lieux communs et à l’esthétique d’embellissement très présents dans les Mémoires de Marmontel tout comme dans nombre de récits édifiants des xviii e et xix e siècles. En s’affrontant à ces modèles autobiographiques, le roman met en débat la forme biographique tout en l’adoptant, afin de penser les « leçons » à tirer d’un récit de vie. Stendhal construit son roman contre le geste d’allure paternelle commun à nombre de Mémoires de son époque, fondé sur la transmission d’un savoir et d’une morale, et lui oppose un programme poétique alternatif et critique.
The contribution of global sourcing to the economic performance of organizations: Analysis of the points of view of the supply chain participants
Authors: Lahiani Nouha , Apedome Kouami Seli , Zhu Joelle 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: This paper aims at investigating the reasons for the complex and long lead time from global suppliers that causes inventory shortages. It focuses on supply chain risk management in global sourcing. This study has revealed all the specific risks of a global sourcing project and has provided some solutions for risk management: three-step risk management, safety stock, data sharing and driving supplier performance.Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative study is conducted to propose concrete recommendations on three topics: risk management, safety stock and information sharing. A semi-structured survey-guided interview was used to collect related data, and the answers were assessed using syntactic, lexical, thematical and NVivo software analysis.Findings: This study has revealed all the specific risks of a global sourcing project and has provided some solutions for risk management: three-step risk management, safety stock, data sharing and driving supplier performance.Originality/value: Through research work, we have noticed that the world of the Supply Chain is constantly evolving and that it is becoming more and more complex. Through these interviews, we have noticed that the role of purchasing is changing differently in each sector.
Early changes in farmers’ adoption and use of an improved maize seed: An assessment of the impact of demos and field days
Authors: Kamau Mercy W. , Bagamba Fredrick , Riungu Claris , Mukundi John , Toel Robert 
Published: June 2018

Background: Demonstration plots are widely used in the seed industry to create awareness and promote improved seed among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the magnitude of effects on farmers’ adoption behaviour is less known.Objectives: This study assessed the impact of demonstration plots and field days on farmers’ awareness, knowledge and use of the improved maize variety that was being promoted. The study also assessed the impact on maize yields and production.Method: A promotion campaign was mounted by a local seed company in eastern and western Uganda, where demonstration plots were established and field days were held for two seasons. These were aimed at augmenting effects of radio messages that were aired over the same period. We used quasi-experimental approaches to determine changes in farmers’ adoption behaviour towards a new maize variety, and the subsequent effects on productivity. Farm household data were collected at the baseline and midline from a sample of 2050 households.Results: The findings showed no effect on the proportion of farmers planting the promoted variety, the acreage or proportion of land planted with the promoted variety. This was not surprising as farmers’ awareness and knowledge about the variety remained very low.Conclusion: The early result shows that demonstration plots were not effective, suggesting that more effective approaches should be explored. It may also be the case that the assessment was too early in the adoption cycle, in which case results after two more seasons of promotion will provide a better estimate of the effect.
In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (bark extracts) and Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. extracts (bark extracts): A comparative study
Authors: Madivoli Edwin S. , Maina Ernest G. , Kairigo Pius K. , Murigi Martin K. , Ogilo Joel K. , Nyangau Jared O. , Kimani Paul K. , Kipyegon Cheruiyot 
Published: June 2018

Background: Plants are new sources of antibacterial agents, hence the need to determine and evaluate the antibacterial properties, antioxidant activity and gas chromatography – mass spectrometer (GC-MS) profile of medicinal plants. Methodology: In this study, sequential extraction of Prunus africana and Harrisonia abyssinica was used to obtain ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), whereas the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride, respectively. Antibacterial properties of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coliand Candida albicans were estimated using the disc diffusion method and compared against streptomycin. Results: Screening of crude methanolic extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites which was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) characterisation that revealed the presence of H-bonded OH functional groups. The extracts revealed that P. africana had a higher total phenolic and total flavonoid contents compared to H. abyssinica. Methanolic extracts of both plants had moderate activity against selected microorganisms and both inhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity. GC-MS analysis of P. africana and H. abyssinica extracts revealed the presence of several phytochemicals that have been reported to have medicinal uses. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed positive correlations with the DPPH radical scavenging activity and negative correlations with EC50. Conclusion: Prunus africana and H. abyssinica extracts had moderate antimicrobial properties against the selected microorganisms because of the presence of secondary metabolites.
Blowflies as vectors of Bacillus anthracis in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Basson Lizanne , Hassim Ayesha , Dekker At , Gilbert Allison , Beyer Wolfgang , Rossouw Jennifer , Van Heerden Henriette 
Published: June 2018

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is endemic in the Kruger National Park (KNP). The epidemiology of B. anthracis is dependent on various factors including vectors.The aims of this study were to examine non-biting blowflies for the presence of B. anthracis externally and internally after feeding on an anthrax-infected carcass and to determine the role of flies in disseminating B. anthracis onto the surrounding vegetation.During an anthrax outbreak in 2014 in the endemic Pafuri region, blowflies associated with two 2–3-day-old anthrax-positive carcasses (kudu and impala) as well as surrounding vegetation were collected and investigated for the presence of B. anthracis spores.The non-biting blowflies (n = 57) caught included Chrysomya albiceps, Ch. marginalis and Lucilia spp. Bacillus anthracis spores were isolated from 65.5% and 25.0% of blowflies collected from the kudu and impala carcasses, respectively.Chrysomya albiceps and Ch. marginalis have the potential to disseminate B. anthracis to vegetation from infected carcasses and may play a role in the epidemiology of anthrax in the KNP. No B. anthracis spores were initially isolated from leaves of the surrounding vegetation using selective media. However, 170 and 500 spores were subsequently isolated from Abutilon angulatum and Acacia sp. leaves, respectively, when using sheep blood agar.Conservation implications: The results obtained in this study have no direct conservation implications and only assist in the understanding of the spread of the disease.
Genotypic characterisation of Avian paramyxovirus type-1 viruses isolated from aquatic birds in Uganda
Authors: Wanyana Agnes , Mugimba Kizito K. , Bosco Omony J. , Kirunda Halid , Nakavuma Jessica L. , Teillaud Angélique , Ducatez Mariette F. , Byarugaba Denis K. 
Published: June 2018

Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) viruses of the lentogenic pathotypes are often isolated from wild aquatic birds and may mutate to high pathogenicity when they cross into poultry and cause debilitating Newcastle disease. This study characterised AMPV-1 isolated from fresh faecal droppings from wild aquatic birds roosting sites in Uganda. Fresh faecal samples from wild aquatic birds at several waterbodies in Uganda were collected and inoculated into 9–10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. After isolation, the viruses were confirmed as APMV-1 by APMV-1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cleavage site of the fusion protein gene for 24 representative isolates was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed and compared with representative isolates of the different APMV-1 genotypes in the GenBank database. In total, 711 samples were collected from different regions in the country from which 72 isolates were recovered, giving a prevalence of 10.1%. Sequence analysis of 24 isolates revealed that the isolates were all lentogenic, with the typical 111GGRQGR’L117 avirulent motif. Twenty-two isolates had similar amino acid sequences at the cleavage site, which were different from the LaSota vaccine strain by a silent nucleotide substitution T357C. Two isolates, NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU150/2011 and NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU186/2011, were different from the rest of the isolates in a single amino acid, with aspartate and alanine at positions 124 and 129, respectively. The results of this study revealed that Ugandan aquatic birds indeed harbour APMV-1 that clustered with class II genotype II strains and had limited genetic diversity.
Genetic characterisation of African swine fever virus from 2017 outbreaks in Zambia: Identification of p72 genotype II variants in domestic pigs
Authors: Simulundu Edgar , Sinkala Yona , Chambaro Herman M. , Chinyemba Andrew , Banda Frank , Mooya Lynnfield E. , Ndebe Joseph , Chitanga Simbarashe , Makungu Chitwambi , Munthali Gift , Fandamu Paul , Takada Ayato , Mweene Aaron S 
Published: June 2018

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious haemorrhagic disease associated with causing heavy economic losses to the swine industry in many African countries. In 2017, Zambia experienced ASF outbreaks in Mbala District (Northern province) and for the first time in Isoka and Chinsali districts (Muchinga province). Meanwhile, another outbreak was observed in Chipata District (Eastern province). Genetic analysis of part of the B646L gene, E183L gene, CP204L gene and the central variable region of the B602L gene of ASF virus (ASFV) associated with the outbreaks in Mbala and Chipata districts was conducted. The results revealed that the ASFV detected in Mbala District was highly similar to that of the Georgia 2007/1 isolate across all the genome regions analysed. In contrast, while showing close relationship with the Georgia 2007/1 virus in the B646L gene, the ASFV detected in Chipata District showed remarkable genetic variation in the rest of the genes analysed. These results suggest that the Georgia 2007/1-like virus could be more diverse than what was previously thought, underscoring the need of continued surveillance and monitoring of ASFVs within the south-eastern African region to better understand their epidemiology and the relationships between outbreaks and their possible origin.
Transformational leadership and employee organisational commitment in a rural-based higher education institution in South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Wiseman , Ngirande Hlanganipai , Setati Sam T. , Zhuwao Simbarashe 
Published: June 2018

Orientation: Transformation is a topical issue in South African higher education institutions. The slow and sluggish progress in attempts to transform the sector can be attributed to leadership and commitment of staff in these institutions.Research purpose: The study investigated perceptions of employees and managers on the connection between transformational leadership style and employee organisational commitment in a selected rural-based higher education institution in South Africa.Motivation for the study: This study was conducted to determine whether a perceived lack or the presence of transformational leadership style influences the level of organisational commitment of academic and non-academic staff members of a rural-based university. It is believed that in this way, the study may assist in determining and identifying the strategies to be used to improve the commitment of the staff members to attain the much needed transformation in higher education institutions.Research design, approach and method: A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data following a quantitative research design. The target population was divided into academic and non-academic strata. Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed.Main findings: The study found that transformational leadership style has a positive and significant relationship with affective commitment and moderate relationship with continuance commitment. On the contrary, it had no relationship with normative commitment. The study further revealed that perceived transformational leadership style explained the variance on employee organisational commitment. Therefore, the study concludes that effects of perceived transformational leadership style on employee commitment cannot be the same in different institutions and settings.Practical and managerial implications: The study recommends that each institution should diagnose its situation for a better pictorial view of how transformational leadership affects employee organisational commitment in their organisation.Contribution: The results of the study may assist leaders and employees in higher education institutions to enhance commitment for both academic and non-academic staff members through transformative leadership style to attain transformational goals of the South African higher education institutions as projected by the national government. Furthermore, this study will ensure the promotion and creation of transformative leaders who are adaptive and proactive in dealing with challenges of transformation in the former ‘black’ higher education institutions in South Africa and who also have staff members committed to this higher education transformation agenda.
Tele-evidence
Authors: Bari S , Arora P , Gupta AK , Singh M , Aggarwal AK 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
The role of physicians often extends beyond provision of direct patient care and includes appearance in courts as professional or expert witnesses to give their testimony in various legal cases. This often consumes precious time and resources of the doctors and the hospitals. This study was taken up to evaluate the present system of the physical appearance of the doctors to various courts and compare it with the videoconferencing mode of giving testimony (tele-evidence).

Materials and Methods:
Available records of summons and vehicles used were analyzed to calculate the cost involved and man-hours consumed in honoring the court summons. Telemedicine facility, available in our institute, was used for conducting tele-evidence with selected courts of the two states as a pilot, which was later expanded. A survey was also done to assess the experience of the physicians with physical appearance and videoconferencing using structured questionnaire after approval from the Institute's Ethics Committee. Likert scale of 0–10 points was used to measure satisfaction.

Results:
There was 43% drop in the monthly mileage of vehicles, 49% reduction in the fuel cost per month, and 28% savings in terms of time consumed for court duties. Satisfaction score for parameters of time consumed, physical strain, mental strain, communication with Honorable Judges, and overall experience was 87% through tele-evidence as compared to 31% with physical appearance.

Conclusion:
Tele-evidence is an acceptable and implementable mode of testifying and has led to tremendous resource savings in our tertiary care setting. The model needs to be replicated for deliverance of justice and is in consonance with Government's push toward Digital India.
Modelling feedbacks between human and natural processes in the land system
Authors: Robinson Derek T. , Di Vittorio Alan , Alexander Peter , Arneth Almut , Barton C. Michael , Brown Daniel G. , Kettner Albert , Lemmen Carsten , O'Neill Brian C. , Janssen Marco , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Rabin Sam S. , Rounsevell Mark , Syvitski James P. , Ullah Isaac , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The unprecedented use of Earth's resources by humans, in combination with
increasing natural variability in natural processes over the past century, is
affecting the evolution of the Earth system. To better understand natural
processes and their potential future trajectories requires improved
integration with and quantification of human processes. Similarly, to
mitigate risk and facilitate socio-economic development requires a better
understanding of how the natural system (e.g. climate variability and
change, extreme weather events, and processes affecting soil fertility)
affects human processes. Our understanding of these interactions and feedback
between human and natural systems has been formalized through a variety of
modelling approaches. However, a common conceptual framework or set of
guidelines to model human–natural-system feedbacks is lacking. The presented
research lays out a conceptual framework that includes representing
model coupling configuration in combination with the frequency of interaction
and coordination of communication between coupled models. Four different
approaches used to couple representations of the human and natural system are
presented in relation to this framework, which vary in the processes
represented and in the scale of their application. From the development and
experience associated with the four models of coupled human–natural systems,
the following eight lessons were identified that if taken into account by
future coupled human–natural-systems model developments may increase their
success: (1) leverage the power of sensitivity analysis with models,
(2) remember modelling is an iterative process, (3) create a common language,
(4) make code open-access, (5) ensure consistency, (6) reconcile
spatio-temporal mismatch, (7) construct homogeneous units, and
(8) incorporating feedback increases non-linearity and variability. Following a discussion of
feedbacks, a way forward to expedite model coupling and increase the
longevity and interoperability of models is given, which suggests the use of
a wrapper container software, a standardized applications programming
interface (API), the incorporation of standard names, the mitigation of sunk costs by
creating interfaces to multiple coupling frameworks, and the adoption of
reproducible workflow environments to wire the pieces together.