bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anhydrous Phase B: Transmission Electron Microscope Characterization and Elastic Properties
Authors: Addad A. , Carrez P. , Cordier P. , Jacob D. , Karato S.‐I. , Mohiuddin A. , Mussi A. , Nzogang B. C. , Roussel P. , Tommasi A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have performed an extensive characterization by transmission electron microscopy (including precession electron diffraction tomography and ab initio electron diffraction refinement as well as electron energy loss spectroscopy) of anhydrous phase B (Anh‐B) formed directly from olivine at 14 GPa, 1400 °C. We show that Anh‐B, which can be considered as a superstructure of olivine, exhibits strong topotactic relationships with it. This lowers the interfacial energy between the two phases and the energy barrier for nucleation of Anh‐B, which can form as a metastable phase. We have calculated the elastic and seismic properties of Anh‐B. From the elastic point of view, Anh‐B appears to be more isotropic than olivine. Anh‐B displays only a moderate seismic anisotropy quite similar to the one of wadsleyite.
Lightning Contribution to Overall Whistler Mode Wave Intensities in the Plasmasphere
Authors: Záhlava J. , Němec F. , Santolík O. , Kolmašová I. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Parrot M. , Kurth W. S. , Kletzing C. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic waves generated by lightning propagate into the plasmasphere as dispersed whistlers. They can therefore influence the overall wave intensity in space, which, in turn, is important for dynamics of the Van Allen radiation belts. We analyze spacecraft measurements in low‐Earth orbit as well as in high‐altitude equatorial region, together with a ground‐based estimate of lightning activity. We accumulate wave intensities when the spacecraft are magnetically connected to thunderstorms and compare them with measurements obtained when thunderstorms are absent. We show that strong lightning activity substantially affects the wave intensity in a wide range of L‐shells and altitudes. The effect is observed mainly between 500 Hz and 4 kHz, but its frequency range strongly varies with L‐shell, extending up to 12 kHz for L lower than 3. The effect is stronger in the afternoon, evening, and night sectors, consistent with more lightning and easier wave propagation through the ionosphere.
The Dynamics of Elongated Earthquake Ruptures
Authors: Weng Huihui , Ampuero Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe largest earthquakes propagate laterally after saturating the fault's seismogenic width and reach large length‐to‐width ratiosL/W. Smaller earthquakes can also develop elongated ruptures due to confinement by heterogeneities of initial stresses or material properties. The energetics of such elongated ruptures is radically different from that of conventional circular crack models: they feature width‐limited rather than length‐dependent energy release rate. However, a synoptic understanding of their dynamics is still missing. Here we combine computational and analytical modeling of long ruptures in three dimension (3D) and 2.5D (width‐averaged) to develop a theoretical relation between the evolution of rupture speed and the along‐strike distribution of fault stress, fracture energy, and rupture width. We find that the evolution of elongated ruptures in our simulations is well described by the following rupture‐tip‐equation‐of‐motion:urn:x-wiley:21699313:media:jgrb53646:jgrb53646-math-0001whereGcis the fracture energy,G0is the steady state energy release rate,vsis theSwave speed, vris the rupture speed,is the rupture acceleration, andis a known function of rupture speed. The steady energy release rate is limited by rupture width asG0 = γ∆τ2W/μ, whereγis a geometric factor,∆τis the stress drop (spatially smoothed over a length scale smaller thanW), andμis the shear modulus. IfGcis a constant and exactly balanced byG0, the rupture can in principle propagate steadily at any speed. IfGcincreases with rupture speed, steady ruptures have a well‐defined speed and are stable. WhenGc ≠ G0, the rupture acquires an inertial effect: the rupture‐tip‐equation‐of‐motion depends explicitly on rupture acceleration. This inertial effect does not exist in the classical theory of dynamic rupture in 2‐D unbounded media and in unbounded faults in 3D, but emerges in 2‐D bounded media or, as shown here, as a consequence of the finite rupture width in 3D. These findings highlight the essential role of the seismogenic width on rupture dynamics. Based on the rupture‐tip‐equation‐of‐motion we define the rupture potential, a function that determines the size of next earthquake, and we propose a conceptual model that helps rationalize one type of “supercycles” observed on segmented faults. More generally, the theory developed here can yield relations between earthquake source properties (final magnitude, moment rate function, radiated energy) and the heterogeneities of stress and strength along the fault, which can then be used to extract statistical information on fault heterogeneity from source time functions of past earthquakes or as physics‐based constraints on finite‐fault source inversion and on seismic hazard assessment.
Strain‐Dependent Rheology of Silicate Melt Foams: Importance for Outgassing of Silicic Lavas
Authors: Ryan A. G. , Russell J. K. , Heap M. J. , Kolzenburg S. , Vona A. , Kushnir A. R. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOutgassing of volcanic systems is a ubiquitous phenomenon. Yet the mechanisms facilitating gas escape from vesiculating magmas and lavas remain poorly understood. Pervasive outgassing is thought to depend on the efficient and abundant formation of permeable pathways. Here we present results from experiments designed to identify the conditions and mechanisms needed to form such permeable pathways. We use a foamed silicate melt (FOAMGLAS®) in our experiments as a proxy for natural vesicular melts. FOAMGLAS® cores are compressed under a range of temperatures and strain rates, and results are evaluated against the state of melt relaxation (parameterized using the Deborah number). We find that foam microstructure and rheological and outgassing behaviors evolve with strain and as a function of melt relaxation state. Relaxed melt foams harden during deformation but remain impermeable. As foams become less relaxed at higher strain rate and/or melt viscosity, they show complex responses to deformation (strain weakening and hardening) yet remain impermeable. Strain localization and formation of high‐permeability bands occur only in highly strained, unrelaxed foams. However, these bands are thin and oriented perpendicular to the principal stress, resulting in limited outgassing. Permeable pathways do not readily form in foams; rather, high‐porosity melts are “persistently impermeable.” Our results imply that vesicular silicic lavas may not outgas as efficiently as previously thought. Instead, sustained impermeability allows the lava to maintain low effective viscosities, and to flow extended distances. In addition, pore pressures may rise in deforming impermeable lavas, perhaps priming the lava for later explosive behavior.
Decadal Change in Soil Moisture Over East Asia in Response to a Decade‐Long Warming Hiatus
Authors: Kong X. , Guan X. , Cao C. , Zhang T. , Shen L. , Gan Z. , Ma J. , Huang H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEast Asia has experienced long‐term warming and drying in the twentieth century. However, a phenomenon known as the “warming hiatus” changed the trend of enhanced soil drying over East Asia. In contrast to the previous long‐term drying in the last century, time series of soil moisture showed a shift from a downtrend to uptrend around 2005, and prominent wetting was located in the northeast (semiarid and dry subhumid regions) and southeast of China (extreme humid regions). Our results illustrated that such abrupt change in soil moisture was closely related to the change of warming during hiatus. The warming hiatus played a more important role in decadal soil wetting over these semiarid and dry subhumid regions, compared to relatively limited influence of surface atmosphere temperature over humid regions. The weakened drying during the hiatus decade suggests that the response of wetting/drying to climate in drylands is closely related to decadal surface atmosphere temperature, which will deepen our understanding of the mechanism on the role of surface atmosphere temperature in the process of wetting/drying in drylands over different time scales.
Midlatitude Temperature Variations in the Oligocene to Early Miocene
Authors: Guitián José , Phelps Samuel , Polissar Pratigya J. , Ausín Blanca , Eglinton Timothy I. , Stoll Heather M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAntarctic ice sheet margin extent and the sensitivity of benthic δ18O to orbital forcing have varied on million‐year timescales during the Oligocene to Early Miocene. However, few sea surface temperature (SST) records for this time interval exist to evaluate links between polar processes and mean temperature outside polar regions. Here, we present a new record of SST for the time interval 30 to 17 Ma derived from the long‐chain alkenone unsaturation ratio (
) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 1406A in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Results confirm that warm temperatures from 24°C to over 30°C prevailed in midlatitudes in this time and suggest a transition from colder early‐middle Oligocene to warmer average conditions after 24.5 Ma. The global significance of this transition is highlighted by the coincidence with changes in the dominance from marine‐ to terrestrial‐terminating ice sheets in the Ross Sea around Antarctica. The longest continuous section of the record (20.6 to 26.6 Ma) contains multiple 2 million‐year cycles in SST, potentially paced by long obliquity modulation. Complex and temporally varying relationships are observed between North Atlantic SST and benthic δ18O in paired samples; significant covariation is only observed around the Oligocene‐Miocene transition, coincident with a lower average marine ice extent. These North Atlantic
temperature records provide a new context in which to examine the stability of climate and the Antarctic ice sheet during the Oligocene and early Miocene.
Luminescence as a Sediment Tracer and Provenance Tool
Authors: Gray Harrison J. , Jain Mayank , Sawakuchi Andre O. , Mahan Shannon A. , Tucker Gregory E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLuminescence holds unique potential as a sediment tracer and provenance method. The tracer application of luminescence has key advantages including ease of measurement, relatively low cost, and applicability to geologically ubiquitous quartz and feldspar sand and silt. These advantages can help answer fundamental questions about geomorphology, sediment transport, sediment production, and the tectonic/climatic controls on source‐to‐sink sedimentary systems. There is a notable body of research on luminescence as a sediment tracer. These tracer methods range from identifying source locations based on unique luminescence characteristics, to observing changes in luminescence characteristics with transport, to using residual luminescence to infer rates of transport. Previous applications of luminescence include provenance and quantification of fluvial transport rate, tracing of coastal longshore drift, estimations of mixing rates in soil or sediment, and provenance of wind‐blown deposits. The few studies that compare luminescence methods with nonluminescence tracer methods show good agreement. However, more work is needed to test the application of luminescence tracers in sediments. Future research directions should focus on comparing luminescence‐based with nonluminescence tracer methods. Furthermore, research is needed on the effects of specific geomorphic processes on luminescence characteristics and residual doses. While there is significant potential for future research, luminescence is already a useful sediment tracer and provenance tool applicable to a wide range of geomorphic environments.
Back to Normal: Direct Evidence of the Cretan Detachment as a North‐Directed Normal Fault During the Miocene
Authors: Grasemann B. , Schneider D. A. , Rogowitz A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Cretan Detachment represents a major tectonic contact between an Alpine high‐pressure Lower Nappe System in the footwall and an Alpine unmetamorphosed Upper Nappe System in the hanging wall. Interestingly, the kinematics and the tectonic nature of this contact is still highly controversial and has been interpreted either as a top‐to‐the S thrust or as a normal fault with top‐to‐the N and/or top‐to‐the S displacement sense. Whereas some models suggest exhumation of the high‐pressure rocks synchronous with out‐of‐sequence thrusting or Himalayan‐type extrusion tectonics, other models propose that Crete represents a metamorphic core complex that exhumed below the extensional Cretan Detachment. In this work, we show that the Cretan Detachment in eastern Crete is an up to 100‐m‐thick cataclastic low‐angle fault zone, which localized below the Tripolitza Unit (Upper Nappe System) within the upper part of the Upper Violet Slates (top of Lower Nappe System) cutting downsection to lower structural levels. The unequivocal kinematic indicators in this fault zone clearly suggest a top‐to‐the N displacement of the hanging wall. New low‐temperature geochronological data and numerical modeling suggest rapid cooling of the rocks in the footwall of the Cretan Detachment at circa 15 Ma. Top‐to‐the S ductile shear sense toward lower structural level in the Lower Nappe System support the idea that the Cretan Detachment facilitated the exhumation of the high‐pressure rocks in an extrusion tectonic setting. Therefore, in the early to middle Miocene, subduction‐related extrusion in Crete was simultaneously active with back‐arc extension‐related metamorphic core formation in the Cyclades.
Country-wide medical records infer increased allergy risk of gastric acid inhibition
Authors: Jordakieva Galateja , Kundi Michael , Untersmayr Eva , Pali-Schöll Isabella , Reichardt Berthold , Jensen-Jarolim Erika 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGastric acid suppression promotes allergy in mechanistic animal experiments and observational human studies, but whether gastric acid inhibitors increase allergy incidence at a population level remains uncharacterized. Here we aim to assess the use of anti-allergic medication following prescription of gastric acid inhibitors. We analyze data from health insurance records covering 97% of Austrian population between 2009 and 2013 on prescriptions of gastric acid inhibitors, anti-allergic drugs, or other commonly prescribed (lipid-modifying and antihypertensive) drugs as controls. Here we show that rate ratios for anti-allergic following gastric acid-inhibiting drug prescriptions are 1.96 (95%CI:1.95–1.97) and 3.07 (95%-CI:2.89–3.27) in an overall and regional Austrian dataset. These findings are more prominent in women and occur for all assessed gastric acid-inhibiting substances. Rate ratios increase from 1.47 (95%CI:1.45–1.49) in subjects <20 years, to 5.20 (95%-CI:5.15–5.25) in > 60 year olds. We report an epidemiologic relationship between gastric acid-suppression and development of allergic symptoms.
Single-molecule localization microscopy and tracking with red-shifted states of conventional BODIPY conjugates in living cells
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Moscatelli Joe , Smith Elizabeth M. , Banerjee Chiranjib , Puchner Elias M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSingle-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a rapidly evolving technique to resolve subcellular structures and single-molecule dynamics at the nanoscale. Here, we employ conventional BODIPY conjugates for live-cell SMLM via their previously reported red-shifted ground-state dimers (DII), which transiently form through bi-molecular encounters and emit bright single-molecule fluorescence. We employ the versatility of DII-state SMLM to resolve the nanoscopic spatial regulation and dynamics of single fatty acid analogs (FAas) and lipid droplets (LDs) in living yeast and mammalian cells with two colors. In fed cells, FAas localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and LDs of ~125 nm diameter. Upon fasting, however, FAas form dense, non-LD clusters of ~100 nm diameter at the plasma membrane and transition from free diffusion to confined immobilization. Our reported SMLM capability of conventional BODIPY conjugates is further demonstrated by imaging lysosomes in mammalian cells and enables simple and versatile live-cell imaging of sub-cellular structures at the nanoscale.
Ultrasonic super-oscillation wave-packets with an acoustic meta-lens
Authors: Shen Ya-Xi , Peng Yu-Gui , Cai Feiyan , Huang Kun , Zhao De-Gang , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Zheng Hairong , Zhu Xue-Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation to describe the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system. The similar forms between the Schrödinger equation and the paraxial wave equation allow a paradigm shift from the quantum mechanics to classical fields, opening up a plethora of interesting phenomena including the optical super-oscillatory behavior. Here, we propose an ultrasonic meta-lens for generating super-oscillation acoustic wave-packets with different spatial momenta and then superimposing them to a diffraction-limit-broken spot, visually represented by the ring-shaped trapping of tiny particles. Moreover, based on the focused super-oscillation packets, we experimentally verify proof-of-concept super-resolution ultrasound imaging, opening up the arena of super-oscillation ultrasonics for advanced acoustic imaging, biomedical applications, and versatile far-field ultrasound control.
Genetic basis of functional variability in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors
Authors: Knierim Alexander Bernd , Röthe Juliane , Çakir Mehmet Volkan , Lede Vera , Wilde Caroline , Liebscher Ines , Thor Doreen , Schöneberg Torsten 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe enormous sizes of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) go along with complex genomic exon-intron architectures giving rise to multiple mRNA variants. There is a need for a comprehensive catalog of aGPCR variants for proper evaluation of the complex functions of aGPCRs found in structural,in vitroand animal model studies. We used an established bioinformatics pipeline to extract, quantify and visualize mRNA variants of aGPCRs from deeply sequenced transcriptomes. Data analysis showed that aGPCRs have multiple transcription start sites even within introns and that tissue-specific splicing is frequent. On average, 19 significantly expressed transcript variants are derived from a given aGPCR gene. The domain architecture of the N terminus encoded by transcript variants often differs and N termini without or with an incomplete seven-helix transmembrane anchor as well as separate seven-helix transmembrane domains are frequently derived from aGPCR genes. Experimental analyses of selected aGPCR transcript variants revealed marked functional differences. Our analysis has an impact on a rational design of aGPCR constructs for structural analyses and gene-deficient mouse lines and provides new support for independent functions of both, the large N terminus and the transmembrane domain of aGPCRs.
Minimally invasive gas embolization using acoustic droplet vaporization in a rodent model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harmon Jennifer N. , Kabinejadian Foad , Seda Robinson , Fabiilli Mario L. , Kuruvilla Sibu , Kuo Cathleen C. , Greve Joan M. , Fowlkes J. Brian , Bull Joseph L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many patients are not eligible for curative therapies, such as surgical resection of the tumor or a liver transplant. Transarterial embolization is one therapy clinically used in these cases; however, this requires a long procedure and careful placement of an intraarterial catheter. Gas embolization has been proposed as a fast, easily administered, more spatially selective, and less invasive alternative. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of using acoustic droplet vaporization to noninvasively generate gas emboli within vasculature. Intravital microscopy experiments were performed using the rat cremaster muscle to visually observe the formation of occlusions. Large gas emboli were produced within the vasculature in the rat cremaster, effectively occluding blood flow. Following these experiments, the therapeutic efficacy of gas embolization was investigated in an ectopic xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. The treatment group exhibited a significantly lower final tumor volume (ANOVA, p = 0.008) and growth rate than control groups – tumor growth was completely halted. Additionally, treated tumors exhibited significant necrosis as determined by histological analysis. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of gas embolotherapy in a tumor model.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine Marks Mammalian Origins Acting as a Barrier to Replication
Authors: Prikrylova Terezia , Robertson Julia , Ferrucci Francesca , Konorska Dorota , Aanes Håvard , Manaf Adeel , Zhang Beibei , Vågbø Cathrine Broberg , Kuśnierczyk Anna , Gilljam Karin M. , Løvkvam-Køster Caroline , Otterlei Marit , Dahl John Arne , Enserink Jorrit , Klungland Arne , Robertson Adam B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn most mammalian cells, DNA replication occurs once, and only once between cell divisions. Replication initiation is a highly regulated process with redundant mechanisms that prevent errant initiation events. In lower eukaryotes, replication is initiated from a defined consensus sequence, whereas a consensus sequence delineating mammalian origin of replication has not been identified. Here we show that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is present at mammalian replication origins. Our data support the hypothesis that 5hmC has a role in cell cycle regulation. We show that 5hmC level is inversely proportional to proliferation; indeed, 5hmC negatively influences cell division by increasing the time a cell resides in G1. Our data suggest that 5hmC recruits replication-licensing factors, then is removed prior to or during origin firing. Later we propose that TET2, the enzyme catalyzing 5mC to 5hmC conversion, acts as barrier to rereplication. In a broader context, our results significantly advance the understating of 5hmC involvement in cell proliferation and disease states.
Pflegediagnose: Geringe Selbstwirksamkeit
Authors: Weißkerber Maria 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungUm eine gute pflegerische Behandlungsqualität sicherstellen zu können, arbeiten
forensische Pflegekräfte mit Pflegediagnosen, die in Form von Pflegeplanungen
dargestellt werden. Mit diesem Pflegeklassifikationssystem werden sie ihrer
wachsenden Verantwortung bei der Behandlung forensischer Patienten gerecht.
Welche spezielle Rolle die Pflegediagnose „geringes Selbstwirksamkeitserleben“
im forensischen Behandlungsprozess spielt, schildert unsere Autorin.
TimeSlips und Biografiearbeit: Mehr Lebensqualität bei
Demenz
Authors: Weiss Simone 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit vier Jahren wird im Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum in Braunschweig das Projekt
„TimeSlips“ angeboten. Anhand von Gemälden und den offenen Fragen
einer Moderatorin wird die Fantasie von Menschen mit demenzieller
Beeinträchtigung angeregt. Zu dem Gemälde denken sie sich gemeinsam Geschichten
aus. Unsere Autorin – zugleich die Moderatorin und Leiterin des Museumsprojekts
– erklärt, wie die „aufgeweckten Kunstgeschichten“ entstehen.