bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axillary traction: An effective method of resolving shoulder dystocia
Authors: Ansell Lesley , Ansell David Alan , McAra‐Couper Judith , Larmer Peter John , Garrett Nicholas Kenneth Gerald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAt Counties Manukau Health in Auckland, New Zealand, axillary traction is being used when an internal manoeuvre is required for resolution of shoulder dystocia.AimsThis study presents the outcomes for mother and baby from use of axillary traction and other internal manoeuvres.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of the clinical records of mother and baby for all labours complicated by shoulder dystocia was carried out for an eight‐year period. Maternal and neonatal information were compared for the three cohorts of the first internal manoeuvre documented: axillary traction, posterior arm delivery and rotational manoeuvres.ResultsThere were 226 women who required the use of internal manoeuvres with no significant differences in age, body mass index, parity, ethnicity, diabetes incidence, induction and augmentation of labour rates, length of the first stage and birth weight between the cohorts. Axillary traction was the first internal manoeuvre used for 119 (52.7%) with a success rate of 95.8%. Posterior arm delivery was used first for 49 (21.7%) women with a success rate of 85.7%. Rotational manoeuvres were used first for 58 (25.7%) women with a statistically inferior success rate of 48.3%. There was no significant difference in the maternal and neonatal complication rates between the cohorts.ConclusionAxillary traction has been utilised as the first internal manoeuvre for a large number of women with a higher success rate than other internal manoeuvres without any increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity. It is recommended that this be the first internal manoeuvre attempted when shoulder dystocia occurs.
Association between early amniotomy in labour induction and severe maternal and neonatal morbidity
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Glover Angelica V. , Stamilio David M. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAmniotomy is a commonly used, inexpensive method of labour induction; however, the optimal timing of amniotomy during labour induction is debated.AimsTo investigate whether artificial rupture of membranes <4 cm dilation is associated with caesarean, severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, and labour induction duration.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 228 438 deliveries at 19 US hospitals. Women with a viable, singleton gestation undergoing induction ≥37 weeks with cervical dilation <4 cm were included. Women were excluded if membranes spontaneously ruptured <4 cm. Women were compared by early amniotomy (<4 cm dilation) versus not early. The primary outcome was caesarean. Secondary outcomes included severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, and labour duration. Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression estimated the association between early amniotomy and study outcomes.ResultsOf 15 525 eligible women, 10 421 (67%) had early amniotomy. Early amniotomy was associated with higher adjusted odds of caesarean and severe maternal morbidity, but not neonatal morbidity. After accounting for interaction, early amniotomy was associated with increasingly higher odds of caesarean as body mass index increased. Early amniotomy was associated with lower odds of severe maternal morbidity among multiparas with mechanical ripening. Median labour induction was 2.5 h shorter with early amniotomy, significant in hazard regression.ConclusionsEarly amniotomy was associated with increased odds of caesarean among obese women. The association between early amniotomy and severe maternal morbidity varied by maternal characteristics, but early amniotomy was not associated with neonatal morbidity. Early amniotomy in labour induction may be advantageous in certain populations, particularly non‐obese women requiring mechanical ripening.
Staff resourcing, guideline implementation and models of care for gestational diabetes mellitus management
Authors: Meloncelli Nina , Barnett Adrian , de Jersey Susan 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn 2014, updated screening and diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM) were introduced across Australia. Many states including Queensland introduced clinical guidelines to include these changes and other recommendations for GDM management. While it is understood that GDM diagnosis has increased, it is unknown whether resources or service delivery have changed, or whether health services have implemented the guidelines.AimsTo understand the staff resourcing, models of care, level of guideline implementation and barriers and enablers to implementing the guideline across Queensland Health GDM services.Materials and MethodsA 22‐item electronic survey containing multiple choice and open‐ended questions was disseminated to healthcare professionals involved in GDM care across 14 Hospital and Health Services (HHS) in Queensland between August and October 2017.ResultsFifty‐three surveys were included for analysis. Between 2014 and 2016, Queensland GDM diagnosis increased by an average of 33%, yet only eight out of 14 HHS reported increases to staff resourcing. Full implementation of the GDM guideline was reported by 41% of metropolitan compared with 29% for regional and 25% for rural/remote services. Guideline recommendations were inconsistently delivered for physical activity advice, minimum schedule of dietetics appointments and psychosocial support. The most common barrier to guideline implementation was staff resourcing (85%), whereas enablers included staff/teamwork (42%), staff resourcing (21%), local protocols (21%) and staff education/knowledge (15%).ConclusionsIncreased staff funding as well as an implementation science‐driven process for guideline implementation is required to ensure that the increasing number of women with GDM can receive evidence‐based care.
Development of evidence‐based recommendations for procedure‐specific pain management: PROSPECT methodology
Authors: Joshi G. P. , Van de Velde M. , Kehlet H. ,   the PROSPECT Working Group Collaborators
Published: July 2019

SummaryEffective peri‐operative pain management is a prerequisite for optimal recovery after surgery. Despite published evidence‐based guidelines from several professional groups, postoperative pain management remains inadequate. The procedure‐specific pain management (PROSPECT) collaboration consists of anaesthetists and surgeons with broad international representation that provide healthcare professionals with practical and evidence‐based recommendations formulated in a way that facilitates clinical decision‐making across all stages of the peri‐operative period on a procedure‐specific basis. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a detailed description of the current PROSPECT methodology with the intention of providing the rigour and transparency in which procedure‐specific pain management recommendations are developed. The high methodological standards of the recommendations should improve the quality of clinical practice.
Biological sex influences antibody responses to routine vaccinations in the first year of life
Authors: Zimmermann Petra , Perrett Kirsten P. , Ritz Nicole , Flanagan Katie L. , Robins‐Browne Roy , van der Klis Fiona R. M. , Curtis Nigel ,   the MIS BAIR group
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimWe investigated the effect of early‐life factors, namely sex, delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure, on antibody responses to routine vaccinations administered during the first year of life.MethodsOne and seven months after the primary course of routine vaccines and 1 month after routine vaccines at 12 months of age, antibodies against 26 vaccine antigens were measured in 398 healthy infants. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies (adjusted for effect modifiers with multiple linear regression) and the seroprotection rate for each vaccine were compared for each early‐life factor.ResultsSex had an influence on GMCs. Antibody concentrations were significantly lower at 7 months of age in females for tetanus and filamentous haemagglutinin and at 13 months of age for pertactin. In contrast, at 13 months of age, antibody concentrations were significantly higher in females for polio type 3, pneumococcal serotype 6A and measles. Sex did not have an influence on seroprotection rates. Delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure did not exert a substantial influence on vaccine antibody concentrations.ConclusionThere is a difference between males and females in the humoral response to routine vaccinations in the first year of life.
The package barrier to user adherence: Comparative analysis of various types of opening instructions on the ease of opening comprising effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction
Authors: Braun‐Münker Myriam , Kahriman Bakiye , Ecker Felix 
Published: July 2019

AimsAdequate user access to drug therapy can only be ensured when the drug can be removed from its package. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a variety of opening instructions on the ease of opening a user package and user satisfaction.MethodsThis experiment was conducted according to CEN/TS 15945. Ease of opening was defined as the ability to open a package within a defined time frame (effectiveness) and the learning effect by repeated opening (efficiency). (Dis)satisfaction ranged from −2 to +2. Empty bottles with left threat screw caps (rather than the standard right) were studied following 4 different types of instructions: none, arrow in the screw cap, package leaflet, video. Each instruction was studied in a group of 20 different healthy older adult volunteers (65–80 years). No opening aid was permitted. Data were captured in forms and on video.ResultsNine (45%) participants could open the package without any instruction, 19 (95%) with an arrow marked bottle and 20 (100%) with a package leaflet or video. No notable differences were observed in median times for first and repeated opening. Participants were most often (n = 11) dissatisfied (score −2) without any instruction and neutral to most satisfied (0–2) with a video (n = 17).ConclusionThe effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction to open a package is strongly influenced by the type of opening instruction. This conclusion requires further consideration in drug product packaging and labelling.
Metacognition and emotional regulation in children from 8 to 12 years old
Authors: Pennequin Valérie , Questel Floriane , Delaville Emeline , Delugre Marie , Maintenant Célia 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe Metacognitive Affective Model ofSRL(MASRL) considers the relationships between metacognition, motivation, and affect. Notably, it provides a theoretical framework to understand how subjective experiences (metacognition and affect) change self‐regulation from a top‐down to a bottom‐up process andvice versa.AimsThe study examines the link between metacognition and emotional regulation in the everyday problem‐solving performance of children in elementary school. Emotional regulation is studied from the angle of coping strategies.Sample(s)Participants were 269 children aged 8.17–11.66 years old (Mean = 9.8,SD = 0.88).MethodsThey completed a French version of the ‘The Metacognitive Experiences Questionnaire’ developed by Efklides and Petkaki (2005,Learning and Instruction, 15, 415) and the Kidcope (Spirito et al., 1988,Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 13, 555) to measure the coping strategies before and after solving the everyday problem taken from ‘The Everyday Cognition Battery’ (Allaire & Marsiske, 1999,Psychology and Aging, 14, 261).ResultsThe results indicate that several metacognitive experiences are significantly linked to solving everyday problems, in particular thefeeling of difficulty. The other results of our study show that no single coping strategy was linked to problem‐solving performance but that the three coping strategies (i.e.,emotional outburst,blaming others,andmagical thinking)are linked to metacognitive experiences.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of emotional regulation on cognitive performance, both before and after solving the problem. These findings have important implications for teachers, who should be aware of the effect that afeeling of difficultymay have on solving a given problem.
Designing for situated learning: Understanding the relations between material properties, designed form and emergent learning activity
Authors: Yeoman Pippa , Wilson Stephanie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSituative theories of learning challenge the notion of learning as a singular cognitive pursuit. However, the relations between the designed environment and situated learning activity are not well theorised, and this increases the difficulty of designing future learning spaces to accommodate learning communities supported by a range of digital technologies. In this paper, we use the ACAD framework and insights from the ecology of resources model to explore the role of materials in the enactment of situative theories of learning in a refurbished seminar room, in the University of Sydney Business School. Conducted as ethnography, this case study draws on observations, interviews and document analysis, which reveal a qualitative shift in learning activity facilitated by improved eye‐contact and increased fluidity of movement that supports instructor‐student and student‐student interaction. This paper offers a theoretical contribution in its exploration of the materiality of learning, methodological innovation in the use of images to examine spatial pedagogies and practical innovation through a reconceptualisation of spatial provisions for learning—all of which has implications for the design and use of future learning spaces intended to accommodate learning communities supported by complex webs of material and digital infrastructure.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topicThe role of the designed environment in learning is poorly theorised.As a result, educational research tends to frame material and digital infrastructure for learning as deterministic (causing change) or instrumental (improving efficiency).This makes enacting valued learning theory challenging at any scale.What this paper addsA case study using a theoretical framework capable of addressing the relations between designed form and learning activity—contributing to the integration of theory and practice.Methodological innovation using visual methods to examine spatial pedagogies.Practice‐based design innovation in the reconceptualisation of spatial provisions for learning.Implications for practice and/or policyThe consequences of failing to understand how the materiality of space for learning indirectly influences situated learning activity.Impetus for thinking about how a richer understanding of space supports decision making around the use of digital technologies for learning.The need to rethink spatial allocations for learning to accommodate increasingly active, collaborative and digitally mediated learning activity both in person and online.
Partnering against Insecurity? A Comparison of Markets, Institutions and Worker Risk in Canadian and Swedish Retail
Authors: O'Brady Sean 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article provides insights on how union power influences the outcomes of labour‐management partnerships, with a focus on insecurity. It examines matched pairs of food retailers in Canada and Sweden. Trends in wages, scheduling and union coverage from 1980 to 2016 are compared. Actors in both contexts adopted partnering strategies in response to intensified price competition. However, the Swedish partnerships produced stable work arrangements, while working conditions eroded considerably in Canada. Bargaining structures, union security and identity are examined to explain the variations. As market competition intensified, the Swedish union gained leverage by using partnerships to fight unfair competition and promote sectoral well‐being in the process. Meanwhile, the Canadian union lost leverage, instead using partnerships to align employment practices with those of low‐cost market entrants and enhancing store‐level performance at all costs. The argument is that markets can be a resource for unions, even in low‐skilled service sectors, but only under inclusive institutions.
Guideline adherence for the surgical treatment of T1 renal tumours correlates with hospital volume: an analysis from the British Association of Urological Surgeons Nephrectomy Audit
Authors: Tran Maxine G.B. , Aben Katja K.H. , Werkhoven Erik , Neves Joana B. , Fowler Sarah , Sullivan Mark , Stewart Grant D. , Challacombe Ben , Mahrous Ahmed , Patki Prasad , Mumtaz Faiz , Barod Ravi , Bex Axel ,   the British Association of Urological Surgeons
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo assess European Association of Urology guideline adherence on the surgical management of patients with T1 renal tumours and the effects of centralisation of care.Patients and methodsRetrospective data from all kidney tumours that underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) in the period 2012–2016 from the British Association of Urological Surgeons Nephrectomy Audit were retrieved and analysed. We assessed total surgical hospital volume (HV; RN and PN performed) per centre, PN rates, complication rates, and completeness of data. Descriptive analyses were performed, and confidence intervals were used to illustrate the association between hospital volume and proportion of PN. Chi‐ squared and Cochran–Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate differences and trends.ResultsIn total, 13 045 surgically treated T1 tumours were included in the analyses. Over time, there was an increase in PN use (39.7% in 2012 to 44.9% in 2016). Registration of the Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) complexity score was included in March 2016 and documented in 39% of cases. Missing information on postoperative complications appeared constant over the years (8.5–9%). A clear association was found between annual HV and the proportion of T1 tumours treated with PN rather than RN (from 18.1% in centres performing <25 cases/year [lowest volume] to 61.8% in centres performing ≥100 cases/year [high volume]), which persisted after adjustment for PADUA complexity. Overall and major (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥III) complication rate decreased with increasing HV (from 12.2% and 2.9% in low‐volume centres to 10.7% and 2.2% in high‐volume centres, respectively), for all patients including those treated with PN.ConclusionCloser guideline adherence was exhibited by higher surgical volume centres. Treatment of T1 tumours using PN increased with increasing HV, and was accompanied by an inverse association of HV with complication rate. These results support the centralisation of kidney cancer specialist cancer surgical services to improve patient outcomes.
Subtle differences in chemical pattern between human toll‐like receptor 8 agonists and antagonists: Emerging chemical patterns analysis
Authors: Huang Shuheng , Mei Hu , Zhang Duo , Shi Tingting , Chen Linxin , Kuang Zuyin , Heng Yu , Pan Xianchao , Lu Laichun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDue to the potencies in the treatments of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases, the developments of human TLR8 (hTLR8) agonists and antagonists have attracted widespread attentions. The hTLR8 agonists and antagonists have similar structures but with completely opposite biological effects. Up to date, the subtle differences in the structures between the hTLR8 agonists and antagonists are still unknown. In this work, emerging chemical pattern (ECP) was successfully used to extract the key chemical patterns of the hTLR8 agonists and antagonists. By using CAEP classifier, an optimal ECP model with only 3 descriptors was established with the overall prediction accuracy larger than 90%. Further hierarchical cluster analysis and molecular docking showed that the H‐bond and hydrophobic properties are the key features distinguishing the hTLR8 agonists from antagonists. Comparing with the antagonists, the agonists show stronger specific H‐bond properties, while antagonists have stronger non‐specific hydrophobic properties. The significant differences in the structural properties may be closely related to the activation/inhibition mechanism of hTLR8.
Better survival for patients with colon cancer operated on by specialized colorectal surgeons – a nationwide population‐based study in Sweden 2007–2010
Authors: Bergvall M. , Skullman S. , Kodeda K. , Larsson P.‐A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimMortality and complication rates after surgery for colon cancer are high, especially after emergency procedures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of the formal competence of surgeons for survival and morbidity.MethodThe Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry prospectively records data on patients diagnosed with cancer within the colon and rectum. A cohort of patients operated on for colon cancer between 2007 and 2010 were followed 5 years after surgery. Data on postoperative morbidity, mortality and long‐term survival were compared with regard to formal competency of the most senior surgeon attending the procedure.ResultsThis analysis includes 13 365 patients operated on for colon cancer, including 10 434 elective procedures and 2931 emergency cases. The overall 5‐year survival was higher for those operated on by subspecialist colorectal surgeons compared with general surgeons (60% vs 48%; P < 0.001). Five‐year survival after elective surgery was 63% vs 55% (P < 0.001) and 35% vs 31% (P < 0.05) after emergency procedures when performed by colorectal surgeons compared with general surgeons. Postoperative 30‐day mortality was 3% after surgery performed by colorectal surgeons compared with 7% when performed by general surgeons. Mortality at 90 days was 6% after surgery performed by colorectal surgeons compared with 11% for patients operated on by general surgeons (P < 0.001).ConclusionSubspecialization in colorectal surgery is associated with better outcome for patients operated on for colon cancer, and effort should be made to increase the availability of colorectal surgeons for both acute and elective colon cancer surgery.
Parameter derivation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on coevolutionary ribonucleic acid genetic algorithm
Authors: Erlin Tian , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Mavaluru Dinesh , Alshehri Mohammed , Mohamed Ahmed Abo‐Bakr , Sobhani Behnam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrecise modeling of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a crucial issue in analyzing and controlling electrical energy production. In this paper, a novel semiexperimental model is proposed for forecasting of PEMFC output voltage. As well, the coevolution ribonucleic acid genetic algorithm (coRNA‐GA) is presented as a novel estimation approach for determination of proposed model coefficients. This optimization method is motivated by the biological RNA, encodes the chromosomes by RNA nucleotide basics, and accepts a few RNA operations. This paper proposed several genetic operators to preserve the diversity of particles, and two sets from particles are chosen using various validation functions. In these two subpopulations, different evolutionary methods have been employed for balancing of seeking and extraction. Input pressure of cathode is chosen in this paper as a further parameter for modifying the depiction of concentration overvoltage (Vcon) in the case of conventional Amphlett's PEMFC system. Finally, the performance of the coRNA‐GA algorithm, as well as the precision of the obtained model, is authenticated via empirical results. Also, the obtained results are compared with some other methods, and the superiority of the proposed model is demonstrated in voltage prediction accuracy.