bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of needle size and injection angle on the distribution pattern of facial soft tissue fillers
Authors: Pavicic Tatjana , Mohmand Humayun M. , Yankova Mariya , Schenck Thilo L. , Frank Konstantin , Freytag David L. , Green Jeremy B. , Hamade Hassan , Cassuto Daniel , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue filler injections are performed using either sharp‐tip needles or blunt‐tip cannulas. Product can change planes in an uncontrolled manner during needle injections, potentially leading to unintentional intra‐arterial placement. There is a paucity of data on the influence of injection angle on the dispersion patterns of soft tissue fillers.Materials and MethodsA total of 126 injection procedures were conducted in seven Caucasian body donors (four males, three females) with a mean age of 75.29 ± 4.95 years and a mean body mass index of 23.53 ± 3.96 kg/m2. Injection procedures were performed in various facial regions (forehead, scalp, zygomatic arch, mandibular angle), utilizing different needle sizes (25G, 27G, 30G) and different angles (90°, 45°, 10°). Layer‐by‐layer dissections were performed to verify the location of the injected product. Dissections were facilitated by the colored material.ResultsUtilizing a 30G needle (compared to a 25G needle) reduces the superficial spread with OR 0.70 (95% CI, 0.48‐0.99) and P = 0.049, whereas injecting at 90° (vs 10° with the bevel down) increases the odds for superficial spread with OR 10.0 (95% CI, 7.11‐14.09) and P < 0.001.ConclusionPrecision during soft tissue filler injections, defined as the product remaining in the plane of intended implantation, can be enhanced by changing the needle size and the injection angle. Utilizing a 30G needle and injecting at a 10° angle with bevel facing down reduces the uncontrolled product distribution into superficial fascial layers.
Disability: Missing from the Conversation of Violence
Authors: Mueller Carlyn O. , Forber‐Pratt Anjali J. , Sriken Julie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe data on violence against disabled people are scarce. The data on prevalence that does exist is staggering, however: disabled people make up one third to one half of all people killed by law enforcement and experience twice the rate of violence that others do. To study the relationships among ableism, violence, and disability as an intersectional identity, we use a DisCrit theoretical framework to conduct a selective review of three reports: a Bureau of Justice Statistics (2017) report on violence and disability, a Ruderman Foundation white paper on media coverage of police violence and disability (Perry and Carter‐Long), and a report from the Center for American Progress (CAP) investigating the mass incarceration of people with disabilities in the United States (Vallas). The authors examine ways the available data tell a particular story about disability and violence and identify crucial missing conversations. The findings from these analyses suggest that to combat ableism and the violence it causes, oppressive systems must be named, the voices of disabled individuals must be included, and data on disability must be more systematically gathered in all national efforts related to violence and violence prevention. We also present the implications of this work for social policy, psychologists, and larger contributions to the literature on victimization.
The Sequential Agglomerative Sorting task, a new methodology for the sensory characterization of large sets of products
Authors: Brard Margot , Lê Sébastien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of the free sorting task is compromised when the number of products to be assessed is too important. Some solutions have been put in place to manage these situations: (a) the use of incomplete presentation designs and (b) the use of predefined prototypes. These are unfortunately not optimal: the first brings out sensory dimensions of variability that are approximated at the level of the panel of participants; those revealed by the second may be conditioned by the predefined prototypes. The aim of this article is to present a new protocol of data collection that allows the characterization of large sets of products. It has been named the Sequential Agglomerative Sorting task (SAS task). It is partially based on a combination of the two previous solutions. All products are presented to the participant in the form of subsets. The latter are agglomerated by means of prototypes defined by the participant herself/himself. Thus, it reveals sensory dimensions that are neither approximated at the panel level nor conditioned by predefined prototypes. In this article, we present all the steps of implementation of the SAS task. A first study designed to test the performance of the SAS task is also presented.Practical ApplicationsThe Sequential Agglomerative Sorting task (SAS task) allows to obtain the sensory characterization of large sets of products. This new protocol of data collection was successfully applied to a set composed of 40 fragrances (study in this article). It can be applied to any kind of products: food, cosmetics, sport products, and so forth.
Exploring the reticulate evolution in the Asplenium pekinense complex and the A. varians complex (Aspleniaceae)
Authors: Liang Si‐Qi , Viane Ronald L. L. , Zhang Xian‐Chun , Wei Ran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Asplenium pekinense complex mainly comprises one diploid, A. sarelii Hook. (rare), one autotetraploid, A. pekinense Hance (best known and very common), and shares two allotetraploids, A. anogrammoides Christ (common but often misidentified) and A. altajense (Komarov) Grubov (rare and endemic) with the A. varians complex. The latter is further constituted by two diploids, A. tenuicaule Hayata (widespread) and A. semivarians Viane & Reichstein (rare), as well as other three tetraploids, A. kansuense Ching (barely known), A. varians Wallich ex Hooker & Greville (well‐known, relatively common, and morphologically variable), and A. kukkonenii Viane & Reichstein (rare and often misidentified). These two species complexes are notorious for their taxonomic difficulty based on general morphology, which is mainly caused by their history of reticulate evolution. Here, we collected most species within the two complexes, and obtained ploidy information by spore size measurement and flow cytometry investigation. Phylogenetic analyses using DNA markers representing maternally inherited chloroplast and biparentally inherited nuclear genomes helped to reconstruct the reticulate evolution history. The present results support previous hypotheses that A. sarelii is the ancestor of both A. pekinense and A. anogrammoides, as well as that A. tenuicaule is the common progenitor of A. anogrammoides, A. varians, and A. kukkonenii. We also unraveled the autotetraploid origin of A. kansuense from A. tenuicaule for the first time, and found that A. altajense shares essentially identical genomes with A. anogrammoides.
Maternity or parental leave and breastfeeding duration: Results from the ELFE cohort
Authors: de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Thierry Xavier , Bois Corinne , Bournez Marie , Davisse‐Paturet Camille , Dufourg Marie‐Noëlle , Kersuzan Claire , Ksiazek Eléa , Nicklaus Sophie , Vicaire Hélène , Wagner Sandra , Lioret Sandrine , Charles Marie Aline 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown a high level of noncompliance with recommendations on breastfeeding duration, especially in France. The objective was to describe the association between breastfeeding initiation and duration and the statutory duration of postnatal maternity leave, the gap between the end of legal maternity leave and the mother's return to work, and maternal working time during the first year post‐partum. Analyses were based on 8,009 infants from the French nationwide ELFE cohort. We assessed the association with breastfeeding initiation by using logistic regression and, among breastfeeding women, with categories of breastfeeding duration by using multinomial logistic regression. Among primiparous women, both postponing return to work for at least 3 weeks after statutory postnatal maternity leave (as compared with returning to work at the end of the statutory period) and working less than full‐time at 1 year post‐partum (as compared with full‐time) were related to higher prevalence of breastfeeding initiation. Among women giving birth to their first or second child, postponing the return to work until at least 15 weeks was related to a higher prevalence of long breastfeeding duration (at least 6 months) as compared with intermediate duration (3 to <6 months). Working part‐time was also positively related to breastfeeding duration. Among women giving birth to their third child or more, working characteristics were less strongly related to breastfeeding duration. These results support extending maternity leave or working time arrangements to encourage initiation and longer duration of breastfeeding.
Disentangling the complex microbial community of coral reefs using standardized Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS)
Authors: Pearman John K. , Aylagas Eva , Voolstra Christian R. , Anlauf Holger , Villalobos Rodrigo , Carvalho Susana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) have been applied worldwide to describe eukaryotic cryptic reef fauna. Conversely, bacterial communities, which are critical components of coral reef ecosystem functioning, remain largely overlooked. Here we deployed 56 ARMS across the 2,000‐km spread of the Red Sea to assay biodiversity, composition and inferred underlying functions of coral reef‐associated bacterial communities via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that bacterial community structure and diversity aligned with environmental differences. Indeed, sea surface temperature and macroalgae cover were key in explaining bacterial relative abundance. Importantly, taxonomic and functional alpha diversity decreased under more extreme environmental conditions (e.g., higher temperatures) in the southern Red Sea. This may imply a link between bacterial community diversity and functional capabilities, with implications for conservation management. Our study demonstrates the utility of ARMS to investigate the response of coral reef‐associated bacterial communities to environmental change.
Nicotiana benthamiana Argonaute10 plays a pro‐viral role in Bamboo mosaic virus infection
Authors: Huang Ying Wen , Hu Chung Chi , Tsai Ching Hsiu , Lin Na Sheng , Hsu Yau Heiu 
Published: July 2019

Summary

RNA silencing is a major defense mechanism against invading viruses in plants. Argonaute proteins (AGOs) are the key players in RNA silencing. The number of AGO family members involved varies depending on the plant species and they play distinct or sometimes redundant roles in antiviral defense.

By using a virus‐induced gene silencing technique, it was found that Nicotiana benthamiana AGO1 restricted Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) accumulation, but NbAGO10, the closest paralog of NbAGO1, positively regulated BaMV accumulation.

Immunoprecipitation assay revealed BaMV virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) in NbAGO10 complexes. Transient overexpression of NbAGO10 increased BaMV RNA accumulation, but with co‐expression of NbAGO1, BaMV RNA accumulation was reduced, which suggests that NbAGO10 may have competed with NbAGO1 for sequestering BaMV vsiRNA and prevented the formation of RNA‐induced silencing complexes. In addition, overexpression of NbAGO10 decreased BaMV vsiRNA accumulation. A host enzyme, small RNA degrading nuclease 1 (SDN1), also was found to interact with NbAGO10 on in vivo pull‐down assay. Silencing of SDN1 elevated BaMV vsiRNA level and decreased BaMV RNA accumulation in N. benthamiana, indicating that NbAGO10 might recruit SDN1 for BaMV vsiRNA degradation.

The results herein suggested that NbAGO10 plays a pro‐viral role by BaMV vsiRNA sequestration and degradation.
MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Pain Intensity in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Al‐Rawaf Hadeel A. , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Gabr Sami A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundNumerous experimental models have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs)play an important role in regulating pain processing in clinical pain disorders. In this study, we evaluated a set of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers of pain intensity in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We then correlated the expression of these miRNAs with the levels of inflammatory markers and pain‐related comorbidities in adolescents with CFS and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsA total of 150 adolescents, 12 to 18 years of age, participated in this study between April 2016 and April 2017. The participants were classified into 2 groups: adolescents with CFS (n = 100) and HCs (n = 50). Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of miR‐558, miR‐146a, miR‐150, miR‐124, and miR‐143. Immunoassay analysis was used to assess the levels of immune inflammatory markers interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2).ResultsAdolescents with CFS showed significantly higher pain thresholds than comparable nonfatigued HCs. Ability to enjoy life and relations with others were the parameters least influenced by pain in CFS patients. Differential expression of miR‐558, miR‐146a, miR‐150, miR‐124, and miR‐143 was significantly downregulated and notably interfered with pain intensity and frequency in patients with CFS. Also, the expression of these miRNAs was significantly correlated with that of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and COX‐2, which have been shown to mediate pain intensity in patients with CFS. Girls with CFS showed significantly decreased expression levels of these miRNAs compared with the levels of boys with CFS. Girls with CFS also showed increased expression of the inflammatory pain–related markers IL‐6, TNF‐α, and COX‐2 compared with the levels of boys with CFS.ConclusionsThe intensity and consequences of pain were influenced by differential expression of miR‐558, miR‐146a, miR‐150, miR‐124, and miR‐143, which was directly associated with higher expression of the immune inflammatory‐related genes TNFα, IL‐6, and COX‐2 in adolescents with CFS. Further studies of larger patient cohorts will help clarify the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CFS.
IsomiRs and tRNA‐derived fragments are associated with metastasis and patient survival in uveal melanoma
Authors: Londin Eric , Magee Rogan , Shields Carol L. , Lally Sara E. , Sato Takami , Rigoutsos Isidore 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. With over 50% of patients developing metastatic disease, there is an unmet need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic options. Efforts to understand the molecular biology of the disease have revealed several markers that correlate with patient prognosis, including the copy number of chromosome 3, genetic alterations in the BAP1, EIF1AX and SF3B1 genes, and other transcriptional features. Here, we expand upon previous reports by comprehensively characterizing the short RNA‐ome in 80 primary UVM tumor samples. In particular, we describe a previously unseen complex network involving numerous regulatory molecules that comprise microRNA (miRNAs), novel UVM‐specific miRNA loci, miRNA isoforms (isomiRs), and tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs). Importantly, we show that the abundance profiles of isomiRs and tRFs associate with various molecular phenotypes, metastatic disease, and patient survival. Our findings suggest deep involvement of isomiRs and tRFs in the disease etiology of UVM. We posit that further study and characterization of these novel molecules will improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying UVM, and lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Novel ERCC2 mutation in two siblings with trichothiodystrophy
Authors: Lund Emily B. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTrichothiodystrophy describes a group of recessively inherited multisystem neuroectodermal disorders that takes its name from the characteristic feature of brittle, sulfur‐deficient hair. We describe two siblings with trichothiodystrophy due to a novel genotype. The maternal mutation (p.Arg722Trp) is a previously described pathogenic mutation in ERCC2 that has been shown to result in a severe phenotype, while the paternal mutation (c.1480‐1G > C) has not been previously reported. Our cases confirm the severe phenotype associated with the p.Arg722Trp mutation and expand the known genetic mutations associated with trichothiodystrophy by demonstrating a novel pathogenic mutation in ERCC2.
Microwave treatment of breast milk for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Mikawa Takeshi , Mizuno Katsumi , Tanaka Kazuo , Kohda Chikara , Ishii Youko , Yamamoto Kazuya , Kobayashi Shunjiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreast milk (BM) is the best nutrition for very preterm infants (VPI), except when provided by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)‐seropositive mothers. Given that VPI are at high risk of developing a sepsis‐like syndrome or cholestasis, methods for prevention of HCMV infection via BM have been investigated. Although Holder pasteurization (HP) is the gold standard, HP needs special instruments. Microwave (MW) is available anywhere, therefore, we performed this study to determine whether MW can be used for HCMV prevention.MethodsHuman cytomegalovirus Towne strain was added to formula, followed by heating procedure using HP or MW (at 500 W for 20, 30, 40, or 60 s). HFL‐III cells were seeded in culture dishes. Aliquots of HCMV‐milk samples after heating were inoculated onto susceptible cell monolayers. The number of plaques was counted to determine the viral titer. The determination of HCMV‐DNA copies was also performed.ResultsAddition of HCMV for a viral load of 5.0 × 103 plaque‐forming units (p.f.u.)/mL achieved 772 p.f.u./mL at baseline, with a decrease to 257 p.f.u./mL after MW radiation for 20 s. No plaque was detected after HP or MW for 30, 40, and 60 s. The temperature of the breast milk reached 60°C after MW radiation for 40 s. The number of HCMV‐DNA copies did not change with MW.ConclusionsMicrowave at 500 W for 40 s can be used as a prevention strategy for HCMV transmission. Further research including the loss of bioactive properties in BM is required prior to clinical application.
What Gets Measured, Gets Done: Understanding and Addressing Middle‐Class Challenges
Authors: Ely Todd L. , Propheter Geoffrey , Jones Rich , Wasserman Scott 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMiddle‐class families face a range of challenges, including uneven income growth, imposing child care costs, and affordability gaps for higher education. The ideal policies by which policy makers and public administrators can aid the middle class are far from obvious. Policy solutions are likely to mirror our government and population, meaning that they will be decentralized and varied. Achieving a “growing and thriving middle class” requires understanding the composition of the middle class across the country. Benchmarking and measuring the middle‐class condition at the state and substate levels is critical to crafting and adopting effective policy solutions. This Viewpoint essay highlights the Colorado context to demonstrate the measurement of the middle class and tracking of its lived experiences.
Case-Only Trees and Random Forests for Exploring Genotype-Specific Treatment Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials with Dichotomous End Points
Authors: Dai James Y. , LeBlanc Michael 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDiscovering gene–treatment interactions in clinical trials is of rising interest in the era of precision medicine. Non-parametric statistical learning methods such as trees and random forests are useful tools for building prediction rules. We introduce trees and random forests to the recently proposed case-only approach for discovering gene–treatment interactions and estimating marker-specific treatment effects for a dichotomous trial's end points. The motivational example is a case–control genetic association study in the prostate cancer prevention trial, which tested the hypothesis whether finasteride can prevent prostate cancer. We compare this novel approach with the interaction tree method previously proposed. Because of the modelling simplicity—directly targeting at interaction—and the statistical efficiency of the case-only approach, case-only trees and random forests yield more accurate prediction of heterogeneous treatment effects and a better measure of variable importance, relative to the interaction tree method which uses data from both cases and controls. Application of the proposed case-only trees and random forests to the prostate cancer prevention trial study yielded a discovery of genotypes that may influence the prevention effect of finasteride.
Appetite for Destruction? China, Ecologically Unequal Exchange, and Forest Loss
Authors: Shandra John M. , Restivo Michael , Sommer Jamie M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe test the hypothesis from the theory of ecologically unequal exchange that agricultural exports to China are related to increased forest loss in low‐ and middle‐income nations exporting to it. We do so by analyzing data for 75 low‐ and middle‐income nations using ordinary least squares regression. We find support for our hypothesis that flows of agricultural exports from low‐ and middle‐income nations to China are related to increased forest loss in exporting nations. We also find that a country's total agricultural exports, proximity of forest to infrastructure, and protected areas tend to increase forest loss.
Melanated Millennials and the Politics of Black Hair
Authors: Orey Byron D'Andra , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis research employs the phenotypic prototypicality framework to makes a connection between African‐American voters' perceptions of African‐American women candidates' appearances and candidate evaluations in contests with limited information. The primary focus is on the candidates' skin tone and hair texture.MethodsThe data consist of a convenience sample of 672 African‐American students from a Historically Black University in the Deep South. An experimental research design was employed to test whether African‐American candidates who possessed phenotypes that mirrored the prototypical African American were perceived differently when compared to those with more Eurocentric features. Each subject was randomly exposed to a stimulus that consisted of a brief campaign platform and an image of a light or dark woman donning either straight hair, twist outs or dreadlocks. Those subjects in the control group were exposed to an image of a dark male with short hair.ResultsAfrican‐American students found the dark candidates to be more attractive when compared to their lighter counterparts, regardless of hairstyles. Candidates who possessed the prototypical Afrocentric appearance (i.e., dark skin and/or textured hair) were found to be more supportive of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, progressive policies and were perceived to be more hardworking, when compared to their lighter counterparts. Light‐skinned women, regardless of hairstyles, were perceived to be less supportive of Black Nationalist views.ConclusionThe findings here run counter to the conventional wisdom associated with colorism, whereby African Americans have been deemed to possess self‐hatred by possessing a more positive bias toward women with a lighter hue and straight hair. In recent years, due to such events as police shootings of unarmed African‐Americans and the Black Lives Matter movement, Black Millennials have become more aware of the oppression and discrimination faced by many African Americans. This heightened level of consciousness, in tandem with the fact that they were born during an era when natural hairstyles were being popularized, has led them to embrace the aesthetic revolution that includes appreciating their melanated skin and kinky hair.