bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downwind footprint of an urban heat island on air and lake temperatures
Authors: Cosgrove Ann , Berkelhammer Max 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe urban heat island (UHI) effect was first documented ~200 years ago, making it the longest recognized anthropogenic effect on climate. Although anomalous heating in cities has been meticulously characterized, less is known about how the UHI affects surrounding regions. It is hypothesized that downwind of cities a “heat plume” forms due to the advection of urban heat. This heat transport may have impacts beyond heating of the surface, such as disrupting atmospheric convection and influencing boundary layer structure, which influences weather, air quality, and human health. Here, a lagrangian atmospheric transport model, forced with archived data from a numerical weather model, is used to generate a three-dimensional map of an urban heat plume for a major city, Chicago. We document significant heating 100–200 m above the surface and 70 km downwind of the city. Over Lake Michigan, the scale of the plume is truncated nearly in half (~40 km), suggesting the lake is acting as a sink for the exported urban heat. Using satellite lake surface temperatures, we observed a disruption of the diurnal pattern of lake temperature beneath the plume, which supports a possible role of the lake in absorbing the heat plume. The results provide unique quasi-observational evidence for a significant footprint of cities on regional atmospheric structure and potentially on adjacent aquatic bodies.
Ribavirin-induced down-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α leads to suppression of lipogenesis
Authors: Satoh Shinya , Onomura Daichi , Ueda Youki , Dansako Hiromichi , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi , Kato Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the anti-viral drug ribavirin (RBV) had the ability to suppress lipogenesis through down-regulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) under the control of the intracellular GTP-level and AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinases, especially microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4). RXRα-overexpression attenuated but did not abolish lipogenesis suppression by RBV, implying that additional factor(s) were involved in this suppressive effect. In the present study, we found that the protein level, but not the mRNA level, of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) was down-regulated by RBV in hepatic cells. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor attenuated RBV-induced down-regulation of C/EBPα, suggesting that RBV promoted degradation of C/EBPα protein via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Depletion of intracellular GTP through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition by RBV led to down-regulation of C/EBPα. In contrast, down-regulation of C/EBPα by RBV was independent of RXRα and MARK4. Knockdown of C/EBPα reduced the intracellular neutral lipid levels and the expression of genes related to the triglyceride (TG) synthesis pathway, especially glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (GPAM), which encodes the first rate-limiting TG enzyme. Overexpression of C/EBPα yielded the opposite results. We also observed that RBV decreased GPAM expression. Moreover, overexpression of GPAM attenuated RBV-induced reduction in the intracellular neutral lipid levels. These data suggest that down-regulation of C/EBPα by RBV leads to the reduction in GPAM expression, which contributes to the suppression of lipogenesis. Our findings about the mechanism of RBV action in lipogenesis suppression will provide new insights for therapy against the active lipogenesis involved in hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular carcinomas.
CAD in interdisciplinary integration as a tool to increase specialist training quality in “Construction” education
Authors: Bedov Anatoliy , Gabitov Azat , Gaisin Askar , Salov Aleksandr , Chernova Anastasiia 
Published: December 2018

Subject: subject of research is characterized by the requirement to master and efficiently apply CAD tools in the teaching process for analyzing reinforced concrete structures and engineering of facilities to be built under current construction standards and regulations.
Objectives: consideration and analysis of updated software applications for simulation enabling to reduce academic load and improve process of education for less period of time. Methods of teaching such subjects as “Reinforced concrete and masonry structures” and “Construction engineering” are improving together with updating of simulation software, meaning consideration of the process for problem solving in calculations, engineering and mounting of reinforced frame elements to one-storey industrial facilities.
Materials and methods: scientific papers by authors of this work were used as reference literature, the article methodology is based on standards of objectivity and development, statistical level of methodological analysis was applied.
Results: comprehensive description for getting modern IT learning skills in using software simulation facilities was prepared under analysis of the below mentioned materials. Problems in making 3D simulation model of a frame of a building considering facilitation for the students in their appreciation and maximum approach to actual behavior of structures were reviewed either. In the course of analysis a number of assumptions was proposed for engineering of connection between bearing elements of the frame and statistical estimation in linear statement.
Conclusions: bases for calculation, engineering and mounting of reinforced concrete structures were considered therewith in accordance with present norms and regulations. Currently a problem in making simulation algorithm for 3D calculation scheme of standard frame to one-storey industrial facilities is still very important.
Effective design principles for leakless strand displacement systems
Authors: Wang Boya , Thachuk Chris , Ellington Andrew D. , Winfree Erik , Soloveichik David 
Published: December 2018

Significance
The modern information age was enabled by encoding, transmitting, and manipulating information in a way that is robust to error. However, synthetic biology and molecular programming, fields that aim to recapitulate the successes of electronics within biochemistry, still struggle with error tolerance. The ability to create “smart” molecular systems capable of robust information processing and decision making would enable important applications in biomaterial production, biosensing, and therapeutics. Based on DNA strand displacement building blocks, we demonstrate de novo engineered molecular cascades robust to spurious interactions using an error correction scheme based on redundancy. In principle, arbitrary levels of error reduction could be attained. The information propagation cascades form a foundation for more complex, resilient, and faster programmable reaction networks.
Blocking IL-1β reverses the immunosuppression in mouse breast cancer and synergizes with anti–PD-1 for tumor abrogation
Authors: Kaplanov Irena , Carmi Yaron , Kornetsky Rachel , Shemesh Avishai , Shurin Galina V. , Shurin Michael R. , Dinarello Charles A. , Voronov Elena , Apte Ron N. 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceInflammation and immunosuppression are dominant features of cancer progression. In the tumor microenvironment, macrophages produce interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which subsequently recruits myeloid cells from the bone marrow. In mice deficient in IL-1β or in wild-type mice treated with anti–IL-1β Abs, implanted breast cancer tumors regress. Regression is due to decreased tumor-related immunosuppression, meditated mainly by macrophages, and increased antitumor immunity, mediated by elevated dendritic cell function and activated cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes. Although anti–PD-1 reduces tumor growth, the combination of anti–IL-1β plus anti–PD-1 abrogated the tumors completely. These observations support clinical trials of blocking IL-1β in cancer and that anti–IL-1β is a checkpoint inhibitor.
Varieties and breeding.
Authors: Sanewski G. M. , d'Eeckenbrugge G. C. , Junghans D. T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter describes the main and minor cultivars, as well as other species and botanical varieties, of pineapple. The genetics and breeding system, including cytogenetics, selection, and rogueing, are discussed. Considerations in hand pollination, seed handling, germination and nursery management are also mentioned.
Multiple-Choice Hardware/Software Partitioning for Tree Task-Graph on MPSoC
Authors: Shi Wenjun , Wu Jigang , Jiang Guiyuan , Lam Siew-kei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Hardware/software (HW/SW) partitioning, that decides which components of an application are implemented in hardware and which ones in software, is a crucial step in embedded system design. On modern heterogeneous embedded system platform, each component of application can typically have multiple feasible configurations/implementations, trading off quality aspects (e.g. energy consumption, completion time) with usage for various types of resources. This provides new opportunities for further improving the overall system performance, but few works explore the potential opportunity by incorporating the multiple choices of hardware implementation in the partitioning process. This paper proposes three algorithms for multiple-choice HW/SW partitioning of tree-shape task graph on multiple processors system on chip (MPSoC) with the objective of minimizing execution time, while meeting area constraint. Firstly, an efficient heuristic algorithm is proposed to rapidly generate an approximate solution. The obtained solution produced by the first algorithm is then further refined by a customized Tabu search algorithm. We also propose a dynamic programming algorithm to calculate the exact solutions for relatively smaller scale instances. Simulation results show that the proposed heuristic algorithm is able to quickly generate good approximate solutions, and the solutions become very close to the exact solutions after refined by the proposed Tabu search algorithm, in comparison to the exact solutions produced by the dynamic programming algorithm.
The Influence of Antidepressants on the Disease Course Among Patients With Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis—A Danish Nationwide Register–Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kristensen Marie Skov , Kjærulff Thora Majlund , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Green Anders , Hallas Jesper , Thygesen Lau Caspar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Psychiatric comorbidity might modify the disease course adversely in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Treatment options include antidepressants, which, apart from improving mood, have anti-inflammatory properties that might modify the disease course. This nationwide study aimed to examine the influence of antidepressants on the disease course among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
Patients registered with an incident diagnosis of CD or UC in the Danish National Patient Register (2000–2017) were included. Information on antidepressant use and proxy measures of disease activity (health care and drug utilization) was extracted from national population registers. Poisson regression was performed to estimate disease activity rates by antidepressant use adjusted for confounders. Furthermore, the analyses were performed stratified by IBD subtype and type of antidepressants.

Results
A total of 42,890 patients were included (UC: 69.5%; CD: 30.5%). When adjusted for confounders, a lower incidence rate of disease activity was found among antidepressant users compared with nonusers in both CD (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.82) and UC (IRR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.95) patients. Further, markedly lower rates of disease activity were found among CD (IRR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43–0.62) and UC (IRR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59–0.75) patients with no use of antidepressants before IBD onset.

Conclusions
In this nationwide study, antidepressant use was found to be beneficial on the disease course among patients with UC and CD, particularly in patients with no use of antidepressants before IBD onset. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to investigate the potential of antidepressants being an adjunct treatment to conventional IBD therapy.
The Eight Steps in Marx’s Dialectical Method
Authors: Ollman Bertell 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
What one understands about dialectics often depends on the order in which it is presented. This article begins with the philosophy of internal relations, in which everything is conceived of in terms of relations and processes, and its accompanying process of abstraction, which enables us to focus on and separate out the part(s) of these relations and processes that are best suited for studying the problem(s) at hand. All the other steps Marx takes in his dialectical method, such as “dialectical laws,” “inquiry,” “self-clarification,” “exposition,” and “the identity of theory and practice” can only work as well as they do on the basis of these foundations.
Geriatric Capitalism
Authors: Vidal Matt 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This entry presents a variegated capitalism analysis of Atlantic capitalism. We trace the development of the national accumulation regimes in the United Kingdom, United States, and Germany from the nineteenth century to the present. Following the Great Depression and World War II, policymakers, reformers, and business leaders explicitly crafteda framework for regulating North American and Western European capitalism . The national Fordist accumulation regimes embedded in thisinternational framework offset the stagnationist and crisis tendencies of capitalism for around two decades, seeing high profits and strong, wage-led growth. The crisis of Fordism that lasted through the 1970s—declining profits and stagnation—marked the transition to what we refer to as the geriatric stage of post-Fordist Atlantic capitalism. In response to the crisis, capital and the state engaged in widespread restructuring. The post-Fordist regime of internationalized competition and finance generated a return to destructive, wage-based competition. The core-periphery nature of the enlarged, neoliberalized European Union and the precarious dependence of the United States on China have exacerbated global political economic instability. The post-Fordist stage is characterized by slow growth, economic instability, and increasingly damaging economic crises; wage stagnation, rising inequality, and labor market precarity; and political polarization.
The Unresolved Agrarian Question in South Asia
Authors: Das Debarshi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This entry analyzes the historical evolution of the agrarian economy in South Asia and its present day predicament. Our focus is on the biggest country of the region, India. We start with a discussion of the Marixst theory of rent. Subsequently an agrarian economy dominated by petty peasants is examind through the lens of this theory. We probe the details of the South Asian agrarian economy which we argue is stuck in a state of lack of accumulation. We argue that asymmetry of market power in the agrarian produce market and state policies are the key factors in explaining why the agrarian question remains unresolved in South Asia.
Neuromodulatory Feedback to the Inferior Colliculus
Authors: Hurley Laura 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The inferior colliculus (IC) receives prominent projections from centralized neuromodulatory systems. These systems include extra-auditory clusters of cholinergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurons. Although these modulatory sites are not explicitly part of the auditory system, they receive projections from primary auditory regions and are responsive to acoustic stimuli. This bidirectional influence suggests the existence of auditory-modulatory feedback loops. A characteristic of neuromodulatory centers is that they integrate inputs from anatomically widespread and functionally diverse sets of brain regions. This connectivity gives neuromodulatory systems the potential to import information into the auditory system on situational variables that accompany acoustic stimuli, such as context, internal state, or experience. Once released, neuromodulators functionally reconfigure auditory circuitry through a variety of receptors expressed by auditory neurons. In addition to shaping ascending auditory information, neuromodulation within the IC influences behaviors that arise subcortically, such as prepulse inhibition of the startle response. Neuromodulatory systems therefore provide a route for integrative behavioral information to access auditory processing from its earliest levels.
Lying in Social Psychology
Authors: DePaulo Bella M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe social psychology of lying addresses some of the most fundamental questions about deception: How often do people lie? Why do they lie? To whom to they tell their lies? Do particular types of people lie especially often? Research-based answers to all those questions are reviewed. The investigation of frequency includes a comparison of students and non-students living in the same area, finding a higher incidence of lying among the former. Also discussed are strategies for lying, cognitive factors in lying, and lying in close and casual relationships. The system of personality categories introduced (or rather, updated) by Ashton and Lee (2007) is reviewed. The chief distinction in types of lie is found to be between self-serving lies and other-oriented lies. Strategies are examined in depth using interviews of suspected criminals and frequenters of online forums. The chapter concludes with a pessimistic overview of online dating sites.
Evaluating the Impact of Prescribed Versus Nonprescribed Benzodiazepine Use in Methadone Maintenance Therapy: Results From a Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Eibl Joseph K. , Wilton Andrew S. , Franklyn Alexandra M. , Kurdyak Paul , Marsh David C. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:Benzodiazepine (BZD) use is common in patients who are engaged in methadone as a treatment for opioid use disorder. BZD prescribing is generally discouraged for this patient population due to the increased risk of BZD dependence and BZD use disorder, medication-assisted treatment (MAT) discontinuation, and opioid-overdose death. However, some patients have concurrent mental health disorders, where BZD use may be clinically indicated. This study evaluates the impact of prescribed BZD on MAT outcomes.Methods:Linking urine drug screening data (UDS) and prescribing information from single-payer health records, we conducted a retrospective Kaplan–Meier analysis between patients using prescribed and nonprescribed BZD with methadone treatment retention as the primary outcome. Data are from a network of 52 outpatient clinics in Ontario, Canada, between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2013.Results:We identified 3692 patients initiating methadone-assisted treatment for the first time; 76% were BZD−/UDS− (no BZD prescription and <30% screens positive for BZD); 13% were BZD+/UDS−; 6% BZD−/UDS+; and 6% BZD+/UDS+. Using 1-year treatment retention as a primary outcome, patients using nonprescribed BZD (BZD−/UDS+) were twice as likely (adjusted odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.53) to discontinue treatment as those not using BZD (BZD−/UDS−), or those using BZD in a prescribed manner (BZD+/UDS+).Conclusions:Our findings suggest that prescribed BZD can be used during methadone MAT without impacting a patient's retention in MAT, but nonprescribed BZD use is predictive of treatment discontinuation. Importantly, we urge both the physician and patient to seek alternative clinical options to BZD prescribing, due to the potential for developing physical dependence (and BZD use disorder) to BZD and the risks of negative interactions with opioids.
Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and Home Environment on Child Language Development in the First 3 Years of Life
Authors: Peterson Catherine C. , Riggs Jessica , Guyon-Harris Katherine , Harrison Lauren , Huth-Bocks Alissa 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Intimate partner violence (IPV) can adversely affect children's cognitive development, but links between IPV exposure and language development in the earliest years of life remain unknown. The present study examined the effects of IPV and the quality of the home environment on children's language development at age 3 years.

Methods:
In a prospective, 5-panel, longitudinal study of 79 mother-child dyads assessed prenatally to age 3 years, we examined standardized measures of receptive and expressive language development at age 3 years. Predictors and covariates included measures of IPV, characteristics of the home environment, maternal education, and maternal depression.

Results:
Regression analyses indicated a significant main effect of the home environment and maternal education on receptive language, with more supportive homes and more educated mothers at age 1 year linked to better child receptive language at age 3 years. Higher maternal education also significantly predicted better child expressive language at age 3 years. Early exposure to IPV had a direct adverse effect on children's expressive language development; however, interaction analyses indicated that this association was moderated by the quality of the home environment. Specifically, IPV adversely affected expressive language even when home quality was high, indicating that a supportive and stimulating home environment did not buffer effects of IPV on expressive language development.

Conclusions:
Intimate partner violence may adversely affect expressive language, even in positive home environments. Early language skill is an important predictor of later academic readiness and psychological development; therefore, children from at-risk home environments should be screened and monitored early for intervention.
Can a smartphone app help manage wounds in primary care?
Authors: Kulikov Pavel S. , Sandhu Prabjot K. , Van Leuven Karen A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Although wound care guidelines are available for primary care providers, barriers to assessment and treatment remain. This article examines current evidence supporting wound management, wound guidelines, and provider comfort with wound management in primary care and discusses the need for improved training, education, and the development of a simplified approach to wound management in primary care.

Methods:
This review of evidence examines knowledge of wound care, wound curriculum, and the current availability of guidelines for health care providers at the frontlines.

Conclusion:
Few primary care curriculums and institutions require wound care education. Access to guidelines, pathways, and educational resources is limited, which negatively effects primary care provider's knowledge and comfort level in treating wounds in current clinical practice.

Implication for Practice:
Educating the general practitioner on evidence-based wound management and providing adequate resources remain a priority. Increasing awareness of available electronic wound care applications (apps) can improve a timely wound care assessment, diagnosis, and initiation of treatment.
Nonexpanded Prefabricated Anterior Perforator of Transverse Cervical Artery Flap for Full Facial Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Xian , Wang Haiping 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Prefabricated flap is an important technique to reconstruct facial skin defects. There is no any procedure for full facial reconstruction, and we are the first one to accomplish it.

Methods:
Instead of the traditional supraclavicular island flap, we choose nonexpanded flap pedicled by the anterior perforator of transverse cervical artery (ap-TCA) to repair the whole facial deformity.

Results:
Nonexpanded prefabricated ap-TCA flap repaired full facial deformity successfully.

Conclusion:
Nonexpanded prefabricated ap-TCA flap is one of the best options for male full facial deformity patients.