bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithographically defined cavities with high Quality and Purcell factors
Authors: Sultani Vala Muhammad Soroush , Olyaeefar Babak , Apaydin Dogukan , Demir Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We introduce and analyze a lithographically defined cavity (Li-cavity) incorporating a buried mesa defect in a planar vertical structure, which induces transverse photonic confinement while enabling compatibility with electrical injection. We systematically investigate the influence of key cavity parameters on optical behavior and fundamental properties using a comprehensive three-dimensional optical model. Our analysis reveals that the Li-cavity exhibits low optical scattering, resulting in high Q and Purcell factors, even at sub-wavelength dimensions. Furthermore, the Li-cavity supports single-mode operation within a broader aperture size range compared to conventional cavity designs, promising enhanced optical power of single-mode emission. Adequately designed structures demonstrate superior Q and Purcell factors at wavelength-scale sizes, outperforming conventional micropillar cavities. These improved properties and customizable device characteristics stem from a simple fabrication process that precisely controls the cavity size, shape, and optical mode. Superior characteristics, along with its adaptability to diverse materials, wavelengths, and photonic integration platforms, promise a broad range of applications and potential adaptation of this design to diverse photonic devices.
Performing hardness classification using diffusive memristor based artificial neurons
Authors: Sharma Y , Pattnaik D P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Artificial neurons and synapses are the building blocks for constructing a neuromorphic system such as Spiking Neural Network (SNN) or Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Recently, there has been tremendous interest in using memristors to develop neuromorphic technologies that can be used in advanced SNNs and ANNs. Memristors, because of their simple device structure, easy and high-density fabrication, and integration with other semiconductor electronics are suitable candidates for the construction of neuromorphic concepts. However, not much has been discussed about using memristors for the development of sensors that can be utilized for object- classification especially their rigidity, shape and structure. In this article, we propose the application of memristors, specifically silver nanoparticle based diffusive memristor, in conjunction with a piezoelectric sensor within a robotics gripper, serving as one receptor (a tactile sensor) that triggers neuron circuitry with memristors to generate spikes. Furthermore, to perform hardness classification, we utilized various objects to collect data and generated multiple spikes corresponding to each object. This data was then utilized with a machine learning algorithm. The outcomes were compared with the accuracy of commercial FSR (force-sensing resistor) tactile sensors. Our approach demonstrated the capability of diffusive memristors in generating neuron spikes from tactile stimuli for hardness classification, achieving accuracy ranging from 82% to 100% during the validation of 20% test data across various algorithms, while the FSR sensors achieved an accuracy range of 95% to 98%.
Internet of things assisted deep learning enabled driver drowsiness monitoring and alert system using CNN-LSTM framework
Authors: Soman Sibu Philip , Senthil Kumar G , Nuthalapati Suri Babu , Zafar Sherin , K M Abubeker 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Driver fatigue has been generally viewed as a critical road safety factor and has been cited for contributing to a good percentage of traffic accidents. Developing systems to monitor and alert drowsy drivers is essential to reduce incidents. This research proposes a robust framework for driver drowsiness detection using a CNN-LSTM architecture developed by fusing facial landmark analysis with multiple aspect ratios. It uses, as key metrics in detecting drowsiness, the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), Pupil Circularity (PUC), the Mouth Aspect Ratio (MAR), and the Mouth over Eye Aspect Ratio (MOE). CNN-LSTM had been trained on YawDD, NITYMD, FL3D, and custom datasets. Data augmentation techniques such as flipping, scaling, shearing, rotation, brightness, and contrast adjustment are used to generalise under different illumination conditions and driver postures. The system is implemented on NVIDIA’s 128-core Jetson Nano GPU platform and does real-time processing of video frames captured by a CSI camera. It detects eye closure and yawning as symptoms of driver fatigue and immediately raises an alert through vibrations in the seatbelt and pre-recorded voice messages. The Internet connectivity allows remote monitoring via mobile applications, making it safer by ensuring that alerts reach the driver and passengers. This CNN-LSTM model has been carefully tested for various scenarios, including day and night conditions, proving its effectiveness. The proposed framework indicated excellent performance concerning accuracy (98%), precision (95%), recall (93%), F1 score (94%), and AUC (99%), thereby revealing its efficiency in practical scenarios. By incorporating EAR, MAR, PUC, and MOE for the early detection of drowsiness in this CNN-LSTM architecture, the system will be able to alert the driver ahead of time so that necessary precautions can be taken to avoid an accident. The proposed approach enhances the driver’s safety and is a scalable solution that adapts to different environments and populations.
Exploration of bio-inspired wingtip devices for low aspect ratio wing
Authors: Verma Anand , Kulkarni Vinayak 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the performance of low aspect ratio wing by incorporating bio-inspired wingtip devices, aiming to enhance the flying characteristics of micro air vehicles. The S5010 profiled wing, with an aspect ratio of 1.0, is selected as the reference wing. The wingtip devices are designed as flat plates, with a taper ratio of 0.5, featuring rounded leading and trailing edges. These devices are attached to the wingtip in a planar manner, thereby creating slots on the wingtip. Such an approach is intended to replicate the wingtip slot observed in the structure of primary feathers of soaring birds during flight, potentially providing aerodynamic benefits. In this study, four different winglet configurations are fabricated, and investigations are carried out in a subsonic wind tunnel at a Reynolds number range of 7 × 104 to 11 × 104. The results show significant improvements in lift slope, maximum lift coefficient, drag, lift-to-drag ratio, and pitching moment for all winglet configurations compared to the baseline. Furthermore, the study also investigates the effectiveness of winglet configurations by varying the number of attachments to the wingtip and their lengths. It is observed that configurations with a higher number of attachments show a more significant reduction in induced drag and upward pitching tendency than configurations with fewer attachments. Additionally, the performance of wing configurations is strongly affected by the Reynolds number, and it improves as the Reynolds number increases.
Indian Secularism and Religious Freedom
Authors: John Aruthuckal Varughese 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book offers a nuanced exploration of the intricate state of secularity in India, characterized by the author as an elaborate tapestry of complex social struggles in India that are consequences of the advent of secularism, which brings with it presuppositions not necessarily shared by the traditional Hindu culture. These cross-pressures extend beyond societal realms, permeating legal domains, influencing the implementation of secularism in India. These pressures, the book argues, emanate from the comprehensive doctrines that define the social fabric and culture of the subcontinent. The book particularly explores whether secularism inherently presupposes specific doctrines, whether theological or cultural, affecting the manner in which secularism plays out in the culture. Focusing on religious freedom and its intersection with human rights and human-rights legislation especially as applied to the contentious issue of religious conversions, the book unravels the complexities of these cross-pressures. While the Ghent School attempts to mitigate these cross-pressures by defending a Hindu interpretation of religious freedom, recognizing the presence of truth-claims in all religious belief offers a better way of attempting to mediate between the Constitution and Hindu tradition. The book also describes how Christian converts have practised adaptive mechanisms that combine Christian faith with traditional Hindu culture, perhaps as a way of responding to how they experience these cross-pressures. These hybrid lifestyles may suggest one path forward.
Introduction
Authors: John Aruthuckal Varughese 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter offers a concise overview of the book, presenting the main thesis and setting the foundation for the arguments that follow. It outlines the book’s structure while focusing on the central theme: the complex cross-pressures that have emerged as a consequence of secularism in India. The chapter highlights how secularism has shaped societal and political dynamics, and it introduces the reader to the nuanced tensions this has produced. Additionally, the chapter provides a summary of each subsequent chapter, offering the reader a roadmap of the book’s key discussions and arguments.
Conclusion
Authors: John Aruthuckal Varughese 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of the book, refreshing the overall argument and reasserting its key themes. It emphasizes that the book does not offer concrete solutions to the challenges facing modern Indian society, but rather presents a thorough exposition of the condition of secularity in India. The chapter revisits the core argument, particularly engaging with the objections raised by the Ghent School to the Western liberal understanding of religious freedom and its limitations. It highlights the unique position of the Indian Christian community, which navigates the complex interplay between their religious faith and Indian identity, distancing themselves from colonial associations. The chapter concludes by reiterating that the book addresses only specific questions, leaving open the broader issues that demand future exploration. It also suggests that the complexity of Indian secularism necessitates integrating certain positive elements of Hinduism into its framework.
On Not Describing Death: Washington Irving, John Kirk Townsend, and Natural History’s Descriptive Agency
Authors: Goldberg Sylvan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This essay discusses the use of description in early American natural history and in travel writing by Washington Irving and John Kirk Townsend. In Irving’s A Tour on the Prairies (1835) and Townsend’s Narrative of a Journey Across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River (1839), both writers use description to stall narrative progress so as to avoid narrating the deaths of bison and other animals they hunt on journeys into the western United States. In so doing, they stave off the ethical and emotional consequences of killing nonhuman animals. Unlike the many scholarly accounts that emphasize description’s diminishment or decentering of the human, here description amplifies human agency by masking actions about which these writers feel ambivalent.
Reality in America, Redux: On Trump Panic Fiction
Authors: Gaskill Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This essay explains why the election of Donald Trump in 2016 marks a literary historical event. In particular, I show how the liberal response to Trump, as well as Trump’s own persona, foregrounded an unsettling confusion between fiction and reality that led novelists to question the value of their craft. Focusing on a subset of what I call “Trump panic fiction”—novels that dramatize Trump’s election in the key of ontological alarm—I argue that literary depictions of Trump double as meditations on the relation between the evocative powers of art and the explanatory power of facts. To make sense of these meditations, I situate Trump panic fictions by Hari Kunzru, Ben Lerner, Lauren Oyler, Patricia Lockwood, and Ayad Akhtar within a longer history of US writers puzzling over the relation between writing and the real, a history that gained a new inflection when the critical acclaim of autofiction coincided with Trump’s “post-truth” presidency. Looking back to Lionel Trilling’s essay “Reality in America,” I claim that novelistic portrayals of Trump struggle to reinvent the liberal aesthetic for our current political moment.
Long-term Stability in Endoscopic Brow Lift: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Şibar Serhat , Dikmen Asiye Uğraş , Erdal Ayhan Işık 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Long-term stability and recurrent ptosis are among the most debated topics in endoscopic brow lifts. Although there are many publications on endoscopic brow lifts, more research is needed on long-term brow elevation and stability. In this systematic review we aimed to evaluate the amount of elevation and stability achieved by endoscopic brow lifts in the long term. To evaluate the long-term outcomes of endoscopic brow lifts, the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with the keywords “endoscopic brow lift,” “endoscopic forehead lift,” “forehead lift,” “foreheadplasty,” “brow lift,” “endoscopic brow fixation,” and “brow fixation.” Studies published between September 1994 and May 2024, including isolated or combined endoscopic brow lift surgeries, were included. In total, 5324 articles were screened, and 85 full texts were reviewed. Of these studies, 12 (14.1%) were found suitable for systematic review and meta-analysis. Brow elevation values were evaluated separately by medial, central, and lateral parts. The pooled effect sizes for medial, central, and lateral brow elevations were found to be 3.25 mm (2.44-4.06), 3.86 mm (2.93-4.8), and 4.35 mm (3.06-5.64), respectively. This study is the first meta-analysis to present the average elevation values that can be achieved in the long term by endoscopic brow lifts. These data guide a better understanding of patient candidates and endoscopic brow lift technique. Sharing more objective data over the long term about different fixation methods will contribute to a better understanding of the criteria related to indications for this surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Bacillus velezensis S141 improves the root growth of soybean under drought conditions
Authors: Kondo Takahiko , Sibponkrung Surachat , Tittabutr Panlada , Boonkerd Nantakorn , Ishikawa Shu , Teaumroong Neung , Yoshida Ken-ichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bacillus velezensis S141 helps soybean establish specific symbiosis with strains of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens to form larger nodules and improve nitrogen fixation efficiency. In this study, we found that the dry weight of soybean roots increased significantly in the presence of S141 alone under drought conditions. Hence, S141 improved the root growth of soybean under limited water supply conditions. S141 can produce some auxin, which might be involved in the improved nodulation. Inactivating IPyAD of S141, which is required for auxin biosynthesis, did not alter the beneficial effects of S141, suggesting that the root growth was independent of auxin produced by S141. Under drought conditions, soybean exhibited some responses to resist osmotic and oxidative stresses; however, S141 was relevant to none of these responses. Although the mechanism remains unclear, S141 might produce some substances that stimulate the root growth of soybean under drought conditions.
A signal-diffusion-based unsupervised contrastive representation learning for spatial transcriptomics analysis
Authors: Chen Nan , Yu Xiao , Li Weimin , Liu Fangfang , Luo Yin , Zuo Zhongkun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Spatial transcriptomics allows for the measurement of high-throughput gene expression data while preserving the spatial structure of tissues and histological images. Integrating gene expression, spatial information, and image data to learn discriminative low-dimensional representations is critical for dissecting tissue heterogeneity and analyzing biological functions. However, most existing methods have limitations in effectively utilizing spatial information and high-resolution histological images. We propose a signal-diffusion-based unsupervised contrast learning method (SDUCL) for learning low-dimensional latent embeddings of cells/spots.

Results
SDUCL integrates image features, spatial relationships, and gene expression information. We designed a signal diffusion microenvironment discovery algorithm, which effectively captures and integrates interaction information within the cellular microenvironment by simulating the biological signal diffusion process. By maximizing the mutual information between the local representation and the microenvironment representation of cells/spots, SDUCL learns more discriminative representations. SDUCL was employed to analyze spatial transcriptomics datasets from multiple species, encompassing both normal and tumor tissues. SDUCL performed well in downstream tasks such as clustering, visualization, trajectory inference, and differential gene analysis, thereby enhancing our understanding of tissue structure and tumor microenvironments.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/WeiMin-Li-visual/SDUCL.
LmRaC: a functionally extensible tool for LLM interrogation of user experimental results
Authors: Craig Douglas B , Drăghici Sorin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Large Language Models (LLMs) have provided spectacular results across a wide variety of domains. However, persistent concerns about hallucination and fabrication of authoritative sources raise serious issues for their integral use in scientific research. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique for making data and documents, otherwise unavailable during training, available to the LLM for reasoning tasks. In addition to making dynamic and quantitative data available to the LLM, RAG provides the means by which to carefully control and trace source material, thereby ensuring results are accurate, complete, and authoritative.

Results
Here, we introduce LmRaC, an LLM-based tool capable of answering complex scientific questions in the context of a user’s own experimental results. LmRaC allows users to dynamically build domain specific knowledge-bases from PubMed sources (RAGdom). Answers are drawn solely from this RAG with citations to the paragraph level, virtually eliminating any chance of hallucination or fabrication. These answers can then be used to construct an experimental context (RAGexp) that, along with user supplied documents (e.g. design, protocols) and quantitative results, can be used to answer questions about the user’s specific experiment. Questions about quantitative experimental data are integral to LmRaC and are supported by a user-defined and functionally extensible REST API server (RAGfun).

Availability and implementation
Detailed documentation for LmRaC along with a sample REST API server for defining user functions can be found at https://github.com/dbcraig/LmRaC. The LmRaC web application image can be pulled from Docker Hub (https://hub.docker.com) as dbcraig/lmrac.
R3DMCS: a web server for visualizing structural variation in RNA motifs across experimental 3D structures from the same organism or across species
Authors: Appasamy Sri Devan , Zirbel Craig L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The recent progress in RNA structure determination methods has resulted in a surge of newly solved RNA 3D structures. However, there is an absence of a user-friendly browser-based tool that can facilitate the comparison and visualization of RNA motifs across multiple 3D structures.

Results
We introduce R3DMCS, a web server that allows users to compare selected RNA nucleotides across all 3D structures of a given molecule from a given species, or across all 3D structures mapped to a single Rfam family. Starting from one instance of the motif, R3DMCS retrieves, aligns, annotates, organizes, and displays 3D coordinates of corresponding sets of nucleotides from other 3D structures. With R3DMCS, one can explore conformational changes of motifs due to 3D structures being solved in different functional states or different experimental conditions. One can also investigate conservation of 3D structure across species, or changes in 3D structure due to changes in sequence.

Availability and implementation
R3DMCS is open-source software and freely available at https://rna.bgsu.edu/correspondence/ and https://github.com/BGSU-RNA/RNA-3D-correspondence.
Resveratrol improves follicular development in PCOS rats by inhibiting the inflammatory response and pyroptosis of granulosa cells
Authors: Wei Huimei , Zhang Zhouxin , Zhang Shun , Wang Junli , Cui Xueying , Zhang Zhihan , Yu Jingjing , Lei Xiaocan , Xiuhong Zhuge , Huo Peng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is associated with follicular dysplasia in PCOS. PCOS patients treated with 1000 mg resveratrol (RES) daily for 3 months showed significant improvement in menstrual cycle regularity compared to the placebo group. This investigation explores potential impact of RES on a rat model of PCOS. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to a 30-day letrozole/high-fat diet interventions for PCOS model establishment, followed by RES intervention (20 mg/kg/d) for an additional 30 days. RES intervention mitigated obesity, estrous cycle irregularities, and ovulation disorders while decreasing serum testosterone and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in PCOS rats. Concurrently, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NLPR3, IL-6,) and pyroptosis-related markers (GSDMD, cleaved-Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18) were downregulated. Additionally, KGN cells (a human granulosa-like cell line) were treated with LPS and RES for in vitro assays. It was observed that RES (15 μM) significantly reduced ROS production and downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-intervened KGN cells. Additionally, RES downregulated the expression levels of pyroptosis-related factors (GSDMD and cleaved-Caspase-1) and attenuated IL-18 and IL-1β secretion in LPS-induced KGN cells. Furthermore, RES intervention improved the pyroptosis-associated morphology of KGN cells after LPS treatment. In conclusion, RES may restore follicular development in PCOS rats by inhibiting inflammation and NLRP3/GSDMD/Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, providing new insights into potential therapeutic approaches for PCOS.