bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of stevia supplementation of kale juice spheres on their quality changes during refrigerated shelf life
Authors: Klug Tâmmila V , Collado Elena , Martínez‐Hernández Ginés B , Artés Francisco , Artés‐Hernández Francisco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDKale is a vegetable that contains a high proportion of health‐promoting compounds although its consumption as a beverage is very limited due to its bitter flavor. Nonetheless, the bitter flavor of Brassica may be masked by sweetening. The effects were studied of different stevia extracts (CTRL, S0.5 (g L−1), S1.25 and S2.5) added to a kale beverage on the quality of kale juice spheres over a period of 7 days at 5 °C. Kale juice spheres were produced with a double‐spherification technique, which allowed hydrogel spheres to be produced with high mechanical resistance.RESULTSThe addition of the stevia extracts did not affect the physicochemical quality of spheres. In particular, S2.5 spheres showed the least color changes after 7 days. All spheres showed good microbiological quality throughout storage, with loads < 7 log CFU g−1, regardless of the stevia concentration. The sulforaphane content of kale spheres was not affected by the stevia supplementation over the 7‐day period.CONCLUSIONThe addition of stevia to the kale juice spheres led to a better flavor without altering product quality during refrigerated storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of excited‐state dynamics upon both photo‐excitation and electro‐excitation of thermally activated delayed fluorescent molecules
Authors: Wang Peng , Huang Qingyu , Zhao Suling , Xu Zheng , Song Dandan , Qiao Bo , Zheng Weiye , Chen Junfei , Yan Guang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExciton dynamics is one of the core issues lies in the field of achieving high efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules. The authors briefly review the host dependence of TADF dopant and then discuss the host–guest interaction in TADF OLEDs. By the means of transient electroluminescence measurement, the dynamics of triplet and singlet excitons are studied. Results show that host material with high T1 energy levels, large spectral overlap with TADF dopant's absorption, and free of exciplex formation exhibits higher TADF character. Furthermore, the underlying reason for the efficiency roll‐off of the TADF OLEDs is clarified to be attributed to deeply trapped charges.
Kinetics of Maillard reaction in a chicken meat model system using a multiresponses modeling approach
Authors: Chansataporn W. , Prathumars P. , Nopharatana M. , Siriwattanayotin S. , Tangduangdee C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis research aimed to study the Maillard reaction pathway in chicken meat. Owing to the complexity of real chicken meat, which is composed of many different types of amino acids and reducing sugars, the experiment was initiated with a glucose/lysine model system with the same concentration ratio of reactants as found in chicken meat. By considering glucose as the rate‐limiting substrate, a kinetic model of the glucose/lysine model system was developed. Methylglyoxal (MG) was found to be the principal important α‐dicarbonyl compound intermediates that further reacted to form melanoidins. Pyridine was a major volatile compound in this model system. The optimized kinetic model was then further validated in a chicken extract, for which the Maillard reaction mechanism has not been elucidated. However, the kinetic model of the glucose/lysine system could not explain the Maillard reaction in the chicken extract, presumably because both types of intermediates and reaction pathway depend on the reactants. Thus, a kinetic model of the Maillard reaction in the chicken extract was developed based on the main types of detected intermediates. Overall, MG was the central intermediate and acted as a substrate for the formation of furfural, volatile compounds, melanoidins, and unknown carbonyl compound(s) (Cn). Pyrazines and aldehydes were the major volatile compounds in the chicken extract.
Sensitivity analysis of the parameter‐efficient distributed (PED) model for discharge and sediment concentration estimation in degraded humid landscapes
Authors: Ochoa‐Tocachi Boris F. , Alemie Tilashwork C. , Guzman Christian D. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Buytaert Wouter , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSustainable development in degraded landscapes in the humid tropics requires effective soil and water management practices. Coupled hydrological‐erosion models have been used to understand and predict the underlying processes at watershed scale and the effect of human interventions. One prominent tool is the parameter‐efficient distributed (PED) model, which improves on other models by considering a saturation‐excess runoff generation driving erosion and sediment transport in humid climates. This model has been widely applied at different scales for the humid monsoonal climate of the Ethiopian Highlands, with good success in estimating discharge and sediment concentrations. However, previous studies performed manual calibration of the involved parameters without reporting sensitivity analyses or assessing equifinality. The aim of this article is to provide a multiobjective global sensitivity analysis of the PED model using automatic random sampling implemented in the SAFE Toolbox. We find that relative parameter sensitivity depends greatly on the purpose of model application and the outcomes used for its evaluation. Five of the 13 PED model parameters are insensitive for improving model performance. Additionally, associating behavioural parameter values with a clear physical meaning provides slightly better results and helps interpretation. Lastly, good performance in one module does not translate directly into good performance in the other module. We interpret these results in terms of the represented hydrological and erosion processes and recommend field data to inform model calibration and validation, potentially improving land degradation understanding and prediction and supporting decision‐making for soil and water conservation strategies in degraded humid landscapes.
Impact of high‐grain diet feeding on mucosa‐associated bacterial community and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine of goats
Authors: Liu Junhua , Xue Chunxu , Sun Daming , Zhu Weiyun , Mao Shengyong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a high‐grain (HG) diet on the microbial fermentation, the composition of the mucosa‐associated bacterial microbiota, and the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine of goats. In the present study, we randomly assigned 10 male goats to either a hay diet (n = 5) or a HG diet (56.5% grain; n = 5) and then examined changes in the bacterial community using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and the expression of tight junction proteins using qRT‐PCR in the mucosa of the small intestine. The results showed that HG diet decreased the luminal pH (p = 0.005) and increased the lipopolysaccharide content (p < 0.001) in the digesta of the ileum, and it increased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the digesta of the jejunum (p = 0.015) and ileum (p = 0.007) compared with the hay diet. MiSeq sequencing results indicated that the HG diet increased (FDR = 0.007–0.028) the percentage of the genera Stenotrophomonas, Moraxella, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella in jejunal mucosa but decreased (FDR = 0.016) the abundance of Christensenellaceae R7 group in the ileal mucosa compared with the hay diet. Furthermore, the HG diet caused downregulation of the mRNA expression of claudin‐4, occludin, and ZO‐1 in jejunal and ileal mucosa (p < 0.05). Collectively, our data suggested that the HG diet induced changes in the relative abundance of some mucosa‐associated bacteria, in addition to downregulation of the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine. These findings provide new insights into the adaptation response of the small intestine to HG feeding in ruminants.
Engineered cyclodextrin glucanotransferases from Bacillus sp. G‐825‐6 produce large‐ring cyclodextrins with high specificity
Authors: Sonnendecker Christian , Melzer Susanne , Zimmermann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) synthesize cyclic oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins, CD) from starch. A CGTase from Bacillus sp. G‐825‐6 was engineered by site‐directed mutagenesis at two positions by the construction of the variants Y183W, Y183R, D358R, Y183W/D358R, and Y183R/D358R. Among CD composed of 7–12 glucose units (CD7–CD12), Y183W mainly produced CD8. Y183R had completely lost its ability to synthesize CD7, and CD8 and the larger CD were the only cyclic oligosaccharides produced. D358R also formed mainly CD8–CD12 during a reaction time of 24 hr. The double mutant Y183W/D358R showed combined characteristics of the single mutations with very low CD7 cyclization activity and an increased formation of the larger CD. The results show that CGTases synthesizing mainly CD8–CD12 can be constructed allowing a convenient production of larger CD in significant amounts as host molecules in supramolecular complexing reactions.
Community Patterns and Environmental Associations for Pelagic Fishes in a Highly Modified Estuary
Authors: Castillo Gonzalo C. , Damon Lauren J. , Hobbs James A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Understanding how natural and human-induced processes interact to influence ecosystem responses is essential for their effective management and conservation. Long-term environmental degradation of the upper San Francisco Estuary, California, has resulted in numerous species declines. In this study, we used pelagic fish monitoring and hydrodynamic data during winter–spring 2002–2014 to evaluate how natural and human-induced environmental changes in the upper San Francisco Estuary may have influenced the distribution, abundance, and community structure of the pelagic fishes. Delta outflow and turbidity tended to decline and salinity tended to increase since the early 2000s. Twelve of the 27 pelagic fish species sampled were introduced, most of which were freshwater-dominant species in highly altered upstream areas. Overall mean relative abundance was similar between native and introduced fishes across all study areas. The upstream distribution of the eight most abundant pelagic fishes was generally associated with their salinity habitat components. Among these species, the Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus and the introduced Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense had the highest rates of population decline over the period 2002–2014 and the largest relative increase in salinity predicted in their habitats due to hydrological alteration. Community structure was significantly related to abiotic factors (water temperature, salinity, and turbidity) and spatiotemporal variation (longitude and month), which accounted for 30–33% of the variation. Low to intermediate outflows due to droughts and water diversions since the early 2000s likely interacted synergistically with multiple factors, decreasing the abundance of several pelagic species. Management actions linking ecologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic processes with multiple stressors could help to reverse the long-term decline of Delta Smelt and other threatened and endangered fishes in the San Francisco Estuary.
Genotype‐phenotype relations for the Parkinson's disease genes SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35: MDSGene systematic review
Authors: Trinh Joanne , Zeldenrust Florentine M.J. , Huang Jana , Kasten Meike , Schaake Susen , Petkovic Sonja , Madoev Harutyun , Grünewald Anne , Almuammar Shahad , König Inke R. , Lill Christina M. , Lohmann Katja , Klein Christine , Marras Connie 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis comprehensive MDSGene review is devoted to the three autosomal‐dominant PD forms: PARK‐SNCA, PARK‐LRRK2, and PARK‐VPS35. It follows MDSGene's standardized data extraction protocol, screened a total of 2,972 citations, and is based on fully curated phenotypic and genotypic data on 937 patients with dominantly inherited PD attributed to 44 different mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, or VPS35. All of these data are also available in an easily searchable online database (www.mdsgene.org), which additionally provides descriptive summary statistics on phenotypic and genetic data. Despite the high degree of missingness of phenotypic features and unsystematic reporting of genotype data in the original literature, the present review recapitulates many of the previously described findings including later onset of disease (median age at onset: ∼49 years) compared to recessive forms of PD of an overall excellent treatment response. Our systematic review validates previous reports showing that SNCA mutation carriers have a younger age at onset compared to LRRK2 and VPS35 (P < 0.001). SNCA mutation carriers often have additional psychiatric symptoms, and although not exclusive to only LRRK2 or VPS35 mutation carriers, LRRK2 mutation carriers have a typical form of PD, and, lastly, VPS35 mutation carriers have good response to l‐dopa. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Perilla Oil Supplementation Improves Hypertriglyceridemia and Gut Dysbiosis in Diabetic KKAy Mice
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhu Hangju , Hu Mingyuan , Wang Jing , Xia Hui , Yang Xian , Yang Ligang , Sun Guiju 
Published: October 2018

ScopeThe aim of this study is to examine whether perilla oil supplementation improves glucolipid metabolism and modulates gut microbiota in diabetic KKAy mice.Methods and resultsThe successfully established diabetic KKAy mice are randomized into four groups: diabetic model (DM), low‐dose perilla oil (LPO), middle‐dose perilla oil (MPO), and high‐dose perilla oil (HPO). C57BL/6J mice are fed a chow diet as normal control (NC). At the end of 12 weeks, mice are euthanized and glucolipid indications are analyzed. Gut microbiota analysis is carried out based on the sequencing results on V4 region of 16S rRNA. Although serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, abundance‐based coverage estimator, and shannon are unchanged, serum triglyceride significantly decreases in LPO compared with DM. The histopathological changes of hepatocellular macrovesicular steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy are ameliorated by perilla oil supplementation. Blautia is significantly decreased in LPO, MPO, and HPO, compared with DM. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis shows NC and LPO are relatively coherent.ConclusionThese findings indicate that dietary supplementation with perilla oil can improve hypertriglyceridemia and gut dysbiosis in diabetic KKAy mice, which can be associated with potential benefits to human health.
Invertibility of the dual energy x‐ray data transform
Authors: Alvarez Robert E. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe Alvarez–Macovski method extracts the x‐ray energy‐dependent information by expanding the attenuation coefficient as a linear combination of functions of energy multiplied by basis set coefficients. Since the basis functions are known a priori, the coefficients represent all the energy‐dependent information. The method then computes the line integrals of these coefficients, summarized as a vector A, from measurements with multiple x‐ray spectra, summarized as a vector L. The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that affect the invertibility of the L(A) transformation with a two function basis set and two spectral measurements, the dual energy transformation.MethodsA general invertibility theorem is applied that requires testing for zero values of the Jacobian of the transformation in its input domain. General conditions for invertibility are proved. It is shown that the generalized A vector noise variance is proportional to the generalized measurement noise variance divided by the square of the Jacobian. The relationship between the zero Jacobian values and ambiguous sets of A vector points with the same L values is determined. The effect of zero Jacobian values on an iterative algorithm that inverts L(A) is simulated.ResultsThe choice of a particular valid basis set does not affect invertibility. Nonoverlapping measurement spectra such as those from photon counting detectors with perfect pulse height analysis are invertible. The widely used x‐ray tube spectra with different voltages are shown to be invertible. Spectra with the same maximum energy, such as those from layered detectors, approach noninvertibility with small absolute value Jacobian for large object thicknesses. The zero Jacobian values fall on curves in A vector space that, except for a simple artificial case, are close to but not exactly straight lines. With noninvertible spectra, pairs of ambiguous points are located on opposite sides of the zero Jacobian curve. The iterative algorithm has large convergence errors near zero Jacobian curves and converges to the closest ambiguous point to the initial estimate for other points.ConclusionThe invertibility of dual energy systems is determined by the presence of zero values of the Jacobian of the dual x‐ray energy data transformation L(A) in the input domain.
Frequency‐modulated SSFP with radial sampling and subspace reconstruction: A time‐efficient alternative to phase‐cycled bSSFP
Authors: Roeloffs Volkert , Rosenzweig Sebastian , Holme H. Christian M. , Uecker Martin , Frahm Jens 
Published: October 2018

PurposeA novel subspace‐based reconstruction method for frequency‐modulated balanced steady‐state free precession (fmSSFP) MRI is presented. In this work, suitable data acquisition schemes, subspace sizes, and efficiencies for banding removal are investigated.Theory and MethodsBy combining a fmSSFP MRI sequence with a 3D stack‐of‐stars trajectory, scan efficiency is maximized as spectral information is obtained without intermediate preparation phases. A memory‐efficient reconstruction routine is implemented by introducing the low‐frequency Fourier transform as a subspace which allows for the formulation of a convex reconstruction problem. The removal of banding artifacts is investigated by comparing the proposed acquisition and reconstruction technique to phase‐cycled bSSFP MRI. Aliasing properties of different undersampling schemes are analyzed and water/fat separation is demonstrated by reweighting the reconstructed subspace coefficients to generate virtual spectral responses in a post‐processing step.ResultsA simple root‐of‐sum‐of‐squares combination of the reconstructed subspace coefficients yields high‐SNR images with the characteristic bSSFP contrast but without banding artifacts. Compared to Golden‐Angle trajectories, turn‐based sampling schemes were superior in minimizing aliasing across reconstructed subspace coefficients. Water/fat separated images of the human knee were obtained by reweighting subspace coefficients.ConclusionsThe novel subspace‐based fmSSFP MRI technique emerges as a time‐efficient alternative to phase‐cycled bSFFP. The method does not need intermediate preparation phases, offers high SNR and avoids banding artifacts. Reweighting of the reconstructed subspace coefficients allows for generating virtual spectral responses with applications to water/fat separation.
Visualizing artery‐specific blood flow patterns above the circle of Willis with vessel‐encoded arterial spin labeling
Authors: Okell Thomas W. , Garcia Meritxell , Chappell Michael A. , Byrne James V. , Jezzard Peter 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo establish the feasibility of using vessel‐encoded pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (VEPCASL) for noninvasive vascular territory imaging (VTI) and artery‐specific dynamic angiography of a large number of arterial branches above the circle of Willis within a clinically feasible scan time.Methods3D time‐of‐flight angiography was used to select a labeling plane and establish 7 pairs of encoding cycles. These were used for VEPCASL VTI and dynamic 2D angiography (8 min and 3 min acquisition times, respectively) in healthy volunteers, allowing the separation of signals arising from 13 arterial branches (including extracranial arteries) in postprocessing. To demonstrate the clinical potential of this approach, VEPCASL angiography was also applied in 5 patients with brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM).ResultsIn healthy volunteers, the artery‐specific filling of the vascular tree and resulting perfusion territories were well depicted. SNRs were approximately 5 times higher than those achievable with single‐artery selective methods. Blood supply to the AVMs was well visualized in all cases, showing the main feeding arteries and venous drainage.ConclusionsVEPCASL is a highly efficient method for both VTI and dynamic angiography of a large number of arterial branches, providing a comprehensive picture of vascular flow patterns and the effect on downstream tissue perfusion within an acceptable scan time. Automation of labeling plane and vessel‐encoding selection would improve robustness and efficiency, and further refinement could allow quantitative blood flow measurements to be obtained. This technique shows promise for visualizing the blood supply to lesions and collateral flow patterns.
Cryogen‐free dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization polarizer operating at 3.35 T, 6.70 T, and 10.1 T
Authors: Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan Henrik , Bowen Sean , Petersen Jan Raagaard , Rybalko Oleksandr , Vinding Mads Sloth , Ullisch Marcus , Nielsen Niels Chr. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeA novel dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) polarizer platform is presented. The polarizer meets a number of key requirements for in vitro, preclinical, and clinical applications.MethodIt uses no liquid cryogens, operates in continuous mode, accommodates a wide range of sample sizes up to and including those required for human studies, and is fully automated.ResultsIt offers a wide operational window both in terms of magnetic field, up to 10.1 T, and temperature, from room temperature down to 1.3 K. The polarizer delivers a 13C liquid state polarization for [1‐13C]pyruvate of 70%. The build‐up time constant in the solid state is approximately 1200 s (20 minutes), allowing a sample throughput of at least one sample per hour including sample loading and dissolution.ConclusionWe confirm the previously reported strong field dependence in the range 3.35 to 6.7 T, but see no further increase in polarization when increasing the magnetic field strength to 10.1 T for [1‐13C]pyruvate and trityl. Using a custom dry magnet, cold head and recondensing, closed‐cycle cooling system, combined with a modular DNP probe, and automation and fluid handling systems, we have designed a unique dDNP system with unrivalled flexibility and performance.