bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assimilating compact phase space retrievals (CPSRs): comparison with independent observations (MOZAIC in situ and IASI retrievals) and extension to assimilation of truncated retrieval profiles
Authors: Mizzi Arthur P. , Edwards David P. , Anderson Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Assimilation of atmospheric composition retrievals presents computational challenges due to their high data volume and often sparse information density. Assimilation of compact phase space retrievals (CPSRs) meets those challenges and offers a promising alternative to assimilation of raw retrievals at reduced computational cost (Mizzi et al., 2016). This paper compares analysis and forecast results from assimilation of Terra/Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) carbon monoxide (CO) CPSRs with independent observations. We use MetOp-A/Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CO retrievals and Measurement of OZone, water vapor, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides by in-service AIrbus airCraft (MOZAIC) in situ CO profiles for our independent observation comparisons. Generally, the results confirm that assimilation of MOPITT CPSRs improves the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry coupled to the ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation from the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (WRF-Chem/DART) analysis fit and forecast skill at a reduced computational cost compared to assimilation of raw retrievals. Comparison with the independent observations shows that assimilation of MOPITT CO generally improved the analysis fit and forecast skill in the lower troposphere but degraded it in the upper troposphere. We attribute that degradation to assimilation of MOPITT CO retrievals with a possible bias of  ∼ 14 % above 300 hPa. To discard the biased retrievals, in this paper, we also extend CPSRs to assimilation of truncated retrieval profiles (as opposed to assimilation of full retrieval profiles). Those results show that not assimilating the biased retrievals (i) resolves the upper tropospheric analysis fit degradation issue and (ii) reduces the impact of assimilating the remaining unbiased retrievals because the total information content and vertical sensitivities are changed.
Without a World: The Rhetorical Potential and “Dark Politics” of Object-Oriented Thought
Authors: Sundvall Scott 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBy way of generative critique, this article considers the premises, potential, and consequences of object-oriented ontology (OOO) and object-oriented rhetoric (OOR). To do this, it moves through four progressive and accumulative sections: first, the primacy and necessity of meaning-formation (signification) in any meaningful ontology, and thus the rhetorical exigency of any ontology in the first place; second, the potential and pitfalls of any specifically object-oriented rhetoric; third, the function of doxa (and episteme / logos) as means to recalibrate OOO and bridge it to a proper OOR; and fourth, extending from such a doxical approach, the ethical and political consequences of OOO/OOR, which we mark as a “dark politics” for two reasons—(1) the appropriately withdrawn, but nonetheless actual, politics of OOO/OOR, and (2) how such an ontological politics, whether intended or not, has “dark” (destructive) potential for bodies and lives.
Designing Soundscapes for Argumentation
Authors: Eckstein Justin 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
This article asks if soundscapes are reasonable by inquiring if they can be designed to enhance the capacity for reasoned judgment. Using a normative pragmatic approach to argumentation theory, I demonstrate that soundscapes can be strategically designed to amplify or attenuate obligations, increase or weaken conviction, and create or mask argumentative context. I use the paradigm case of the 2012 casserole protests in Quebec to identify how arguers can use soundscapes to compel a response, increase the desire for advocacy, and create a public context. This expands the multimodal argumentation literature to incorporate sound. This article also intervenes into sound studies by supplying critical norms of reasonableness to assess soundscapes.
El Modelo living apart together (LAT) y el Modelo cohabitante en las Fuerzas Armadas españolas
Authors: Gómez Escarda María , Agudo Arroyo Yolanda , Pérez Redondo Rubén J. 
Published: September 2018

La movilidad laboral es habitual en ciertas profesiones, entre ellas, las Fuerzas Armadas. En general, los hombres y mujeres militares han de asumir diversos cambios de destino a lo largo de sus trayectorias laborales y, en ocasiones, estos cambios llevan aparejados procesos de movilidad geográfica. Ante estas situaciones, cuando los militares tienen pareja e/o hijos pueden tomar dos alternativas. La primera es que se desplace a la nueva localidad únicamente el o la militar, dando origen a un Modelo living apart together (LAT) y, la segunda, es que la pareja o la familia al completo se trasladen también, formando parte, por tanto, de un Modelo cohabitante.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la presencia y características del Modelo LAT y del Modelo cohabitante en las Fuerzas Armadas españolas. Con este fin se diseñó una metodología basada en la técnica de encuesta. Se elaboró un cuestionario autoadministrado estructurado a partir de tres áreas temáticas (sociodemográfica, militar y de opinión) y que fue difundido por diferentes asociaciones de militares y de familias de militares españolas. Los resultados muestran cuáles son las principales variables que influyen en la decisión de optar por uno u otro modelo (laborales, económicos y familiares) y cómo repercuten ambos modelos de convivencia en la pareja y en los hijos.Labor mobility is common in certain professions, including the Armed Forces. Military people have to assume several changes of assignment along their carriers and, sometimes, these changes implies geographical mobility. In these situations, when the military has a partner and /or children can take two alternatives. The first is to move just the military to the new location, creating a living apart together model (LAT) and, the second, is when the couple or the whole family move together, creating a cohabiting model.This article has the objective of studying the presence and features of the LAT Model and the Cohabiting Model in the Spanish Armed Forces. To this end, a methodology was designed based on the survey technique with a self-administred questionnaire structured from three thematic areas (sociodemographic, military and opinion) and which was spread by different associations of military and families of Spanish military.The results show which are the main variables that affect the decision to choose one or other of two models (labor, economic and family) and how each model of living affect the couple and the children.
Insomnia and intellect mask the positive link between schizotypal traits and creativity
Authors: Polner Bertalan , Simor Péter , Kéri Szabolcs 
Published: September 2018

Background
Schizotypy is a set of personality traits that resemble the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population, and it is associated with various subclinical mental health problems, including sleep disturbances. Additionally, dimensions of schizotypy show specific but weak associations with creativity. Given that creativity demands cognitive control and mental health, and that sleep disturbances negatively impact cognitive control, we predicted that positive, impulsive and disorganised schizotypy will demonstrate stronger associations with indicators of creativity, if the effect of mental health, insomnia, and intellect are statistically controlled.

Methods
University students (N = 182) took part in the study. Schizotypy was assessed with the shortened Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (sO-LIFE). Creative achievements were measured with the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ), divergent thinking was assessed with the ‘Just suppose’ task, and remote association problem solving was tested with Compound Remote Associate (CRA) problems. Mental health was assessed with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and insomnia was examined with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Verbal short term memory was measured with the forward digit span task, and intellect was assessed with the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI). Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the relationship between creativity and schizotypy. Indicators of creativity were the dependent variables. In the first block, dimensions of schizotypy, age, gender and smoking were entered, and in the second block, the models were extended with mental health, insomnia, verbal short term memory, and intellect.

Results
Positive schizotypy positively predicted real-life creative achievements, independently from the positive effect of intellect. Follow-up analyses revealed that positive schizotypy predicted creative achievements in art, while higher disorganised schizotypy was associated with creative achievements in science (when intellect was controlled for). Furthermore, disorganised schizotypy positively predicted remote association problem solving performance, if insomnia and verbal short term memory were statistically controlled. No dimension of schizotypy was significantly associated with divergent thinking.

Discussion
In line with previous findings, positive schizotypy predicted real-life creative achievements. The positive effects of disorganised schizotypy might be explained in terms of the simultaneous involvement of enhanced semantic priming and cognitive control in problem solving. We speculate that the lack of associations between divergent thinking and schizotypy might be related to instruction effects. Our study underscores the relevance of sleep impairment to the psychosis-spectrum, and refines our knowledge about the adaptive aspects of schizotypy in the general population.
Genetics of Thyroid Hormone‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Ferrara Alfonso Massimiliano 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Thyroid hormones (TH), T3 and its precursor T4, are transported into circulation mainly by thyroxine‐binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR) and human serum albumin (HSA). Inherited defects in TH‐binding proteins are not uncommon. Inherited TBG defects are X‐chromosome linked and, based on the serum levels of TBG in hemizygous patients, manifest as complete TBG deficiency, partial TBG deficiency and TBG excess. Mutations in
TTR
gene produce a protein with either decreased or increased affinity for T4. Mutations of the
HSA
gene produce mostly increased concentration of serum T4. A variant with increased affinity for T3 has been also identified. Individuals with inherited abnormalities of TH‐binding proteins have altered amount of total serum TH and, although the concentration of free hormones remains unaltered, routine measurement can give erroneous results. Early recognition of these conditions is important to avoid expensive testing and to prevent unnecessary treatments with possible side effects.

Key Concepts

Inherited defects of TH‐binding proteins cause alterations of thyroid function tests, which may lead to incorrect diagnosis.

Individuals with Inherited defects of TH‐binding proteins are clinically euthyroid and do not require treatment.

Novel functions are recognized to TH‐binding proteins. As an example, TBG may regulate the release of TH at sites of inflammation thus influencing the local concentration of TH.

TBG deficiency due to mutations in the
TBG
gene enhancer represents the first demonstration of a hereditary endocrine disorder caused by alterations in a gene expression regulatory element.

Lipoproteins, such as LDL, VLDL and HDL, may facilitate efflux of TH from cells.
Fundamental Aspects of Structure, Bonding, and the Reactivity of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds
Authors: de Magalhães Halua Pinto , Sala Oliver , Lüthi Hans Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEven though their importance in organic synthesis has grown tremendously, it is not until recently that iodane compounds have been rediscovered by theory and computation. In this chapter, using quantum chemical computation, we will explore the origins of the planar T‐shape equilibrium structures as well as the features of the multicenter bond commonly expressed by λ3‐iodanes. This 3‐center‐4‐electron bond, established by the coupling of the bonds between iodine and its two ligands in apical position, will be shown to govern much of the rich and often unusual reactivity of these compounds.Further, the focus will be on the key steps involved in the electrophilic transfer of ligands (reductive elimination), nucleophilic substitution, and radical mechanisms) using Togni‐type reagents as well as diaryliodonium species. This study will show that once the basic principles of their reactivity are known, control over the outcome of a reaction involving iodane reagents can systematically be achieved. Finally, based onab initiomolecular dynamics simulations of the trifluoromethylation of an S‐nucleophile (thiophenol) in different solvents, the full complexity of a reaction where close competition between polar and radical mechanisms occurs, all leading to the same product, will be shown.
Incidence, Clinical Manifestations, and Severity of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Among Maori and Pacific Island Children
Authors: Concannon Anthony , Reed Peter , Ostring Genevieve 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence, demographics, diagnostic clinical manifestations, and severity of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Maori and Pacific Island children compared to European children.MethodsA chart review was conducted of all children with JIA seen by Auckland pediatric and rheumatology services between the years 2000 and 2015. Demographic data and diagnostic clinical manifestations, including poor prognostic features, were collated. The incidence, diagnostic, clinical manifestations, and severity of JIA were determined and compared between ethnic groups, in particular Maori, Pacific Island, and European children.ResultsThe overall incidence in a New Zealand cohort of children with JIA was 5.1/100,000 children per year, which was significantly higher among European children (7.2/100,000 children per year) compared to all other ethnic groups. Poor prognostic features at diagnosis were present in 36% of children with JIA, with significantly more Maori and Pacific Island children presenting with poor prognostic features compared to European children (58% versus 27%; P = 0.0001). Maori and Pacific Island children had significantly more poor prognostic features per child associated with JIA (1.10 versus 0.37; P < 0.0001) and in oligoarticular and polyarticular JIA (1.28 versus 0.40; P < 0.0001), which was independent of socioeconomic status. Significant features included cervical involvement (25% versus 9%; P = 0.03), erosive changes (22% versus 8%; P = 0.05), joint space narrowing (13% versus 2%; P = 0.02), and positive rheumatoid factor polyarticular disease (47% versus 14%; P = 0.01).ConclusionMaori and Pacific Island children were more likely to present with poor prognostic features at diagnosis, although the incidence of JIA was demonstrated to be significantly higher among European children compared to all ethnic groups.
Exfoliation in Endotoxin‐Free Albumin Generates Pristine Graphene with Reduced Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Lebre Filipa , Hanlon Damien , Boland John B. , Coleman Jonathan , Lavelle Ed C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGraphene‐based materials are under consideration as a new generation of biomaterials for medical applications, owning to their distinctive physicochemical properties. A major obstacle to clinical translation of novel biomaterials is the presence of residual endotoxin contaminants that can trigger deleterious inflammatory responses and unrelated immunomodulatory effects. To overcome this challenge, a liquid exfoliation methodology to prepare endotoxin‐free bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐exfoliated pristine graphene (EF‐Gr) was developed and compared with conventional BSA‐exfoliated graphene (C‐Gr) and sodium cholate‐exfoliated graphene (SC‐Gr). In contrast to SC‐Gr, protein‐exfoliated graphene exhibits low toxicity. Moreover, BSA‐exfoliated EF‐Gr does not trigger cytokine secretion or increase costimulatory molecule expression in dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages; however it retains the ability to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCs primed with Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists. The results suggest that some reported immunostimulatory effects of graphene preparations may have resulted from contaminants in the formulations. When injected into mice, the inflammatory response induced is comparable in magnitude to that induced by the safe and effective vaccine adjuvant alum. Overall, the study demonstrates the feasibility of producing endotoxin‐free pristine graphene that facilitates assessment of the potential of pristine graphene for novel biomedical applications without the confounding effects of toxic and inflammatory contaminants.
Salt‐Mediated Polyampholyte Hydrogels with High Mechanical Strength, Excellent Self‐Healing Property, and Satisfactory Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Long Tangjie , Li Yixuan , Fang Xu , Sun Junqi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, self‐healing polyampholyte hydrogels with high mechanical strength in megapascal order, good resilience, improved toughness, and satisfactory conductivity are fabricated via one‐step polymerization of positively charged imidazolium‐based ionic liquid monomers containing urea groups and negatively charged 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt monomers followed by subsequent dialysis in water. Dialysis can remove partial counter ions in the original hydrogels to strengthen electrostatic interactions between imidazolium and sulfonate groups and improve mechanical strength of the hydrogels. After dialysis for 3 d, the originally soft hydrogels become mechanically robust with a tensile strength of ≈1.3 MPa, strain at break of ≈720%, and toughness of ≈6.7 MJ m−3. Hydrogen‐bonding interactions between urea groups, which act as sacrificial bonds to dissipate energy, are important to improve the mechanical strength and toughness of the hydrogels. More importantly, the hydrogel can automatically heal from physical cut at room temperature with a healing efficiency of ≈91% because of the reversibility of the electrostatic and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Because of the undialyzed salts in the hydrogels, the mechanically robust hydrogels possess a satisfactory ionic conductivity of ≈3 S m−1 at room temperature and can serve as highly flexible and stretchable conductors with self‐healing capacity.
Photothermal‐Controlled Nanotubes with Surface Charge Flipping Ability for Precise Synergistic Therapy of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Mei Chaoming , Wang Ni , Zhu Xueqiong , Wong Ka‐Hing , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOwing to the highly malignant and invasive innate character of triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs), it is easy to relapse after chemotherapy; thus, there are still no effective and specific targeted therapies. In this study, a carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based nanosystem Se@CNTs with surface charge flipping and targeted ability is rationally designed and successfully synthesized for precise chemo‐photothermal synergistic therapy of TNBCs. The acid‐labile β‐carboxylic acid group is used to reversibly functionalize the amine groups, thus forming charge‐reversal nanoparticles to enhance the bioresponsive cellular uptake. The internalized Se@CNTs combined with laser irradiation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, which activates apoptosis‐related proteins to trigger cancer cell apoptosis synergistically. Meanwhile, Se@CNTs also suppresses the invasion and migration of TNBC cells by regulating the related signaling pathways. Importantly, in combination with laser irradiation, Se@CNTs effectively inhibits the tumor growth, as demonstrated by the high tumor ablation activity in vivo through chemo‐phototherapy, but shows no significant histological change in the main organs. Taken together, this study provides a strategy for rational design of next‐generation nanomedicines for precise chemo‐photothermal synergistic therapy of malignant TNBCs.
Nanogel Tectonics for Tissue Engineering: Protein Delivery Systems with Nanogel Chaperones
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshihide , Mukai Sada‐atsu , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmphiphilic polysaccharide self‐assembled (SA) nanogels are promising protein carriers owing to their chaperone‐like activity that allows them to nanoencapsulate proteins within their polymer networks. The chaperoning function is an important concept that has led to breakthroughs in the development of effective protein drug delivery systems by stabilizing formulations and controlling the quality of unstable proteins. Recently, nanogel‐tectonic materials that integrate SA nanogels as building blocks have been designed as new hydrogel biomaterials. This article describes recent progress and applications of SA nanogel tectonic materials as protein delivery systems for tissue engineering.
A Highly Sensitive Tactile Sensor Using a Pyramid‐Plug Structure for Detecting Pressure, Shear Force, and Torsion
Authors: Choi Daehwan , Jang Sukjin , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Hyung‐Jun , Kim Do Hwan , Kwon Jang‐Yeon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSensors that detect and discriminate external mechanical forces are a principal component in the development of electronic tactile systems that can mimic the multifunctional properties of human skin. This study demonstrates a pyramid‐plug structure for highly sensitive tactile sensors that enables them to detect pressure, shear force, and torsion. The device is composed of pyramid‐patterned ionic gel inspired by neural mechanoreceptors and engraved electrodes. Based on a pyramid‐plug structure, the deformation mechanism differs between different types of external mechanical loadings. The sensor provides the high sensitivities of 1.93 kPa−1, 29.88 N−1, and 3.39 (N cm)−1, and a wide range of detection for tactile daily activity. Moreover, this tactile sensor could work through either of the two transduction methods (capacitive transduction and piezoresistive transduction). It is shown that this tactile sensor can be used to monitor changes in electrical signals ranging from those caused by human breathing to those caused by arbitrary multiplex human touching.
The influence of emulsifiers on preparation and properties of microencapsules of melamine–urea–formaldehyde resins with n‐dodecanol as phase‐change material
Authors: Wu Nan , Xu Lingling , Zhang Caoning 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMelamine–urea–formaldehyde resins/n‐dodecanol microencapsulated phase‐change materials (microPCMs) were prepared by in situ polymerization method in this work. In the microPCMs, the n‐dodecanol was used as phase‐change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage, and the melamine–urea–formaldehyde resins (MUF) acted as shell materials. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) indicated that the PCM n‐dodecanol is encapsulated in the MUF shell controlling pH of n‐dodecanol emulsion at 4.5, and there is no chemical reaction between them. The thermal properties of the microcapsules were measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The morphology and particle size of the microPCMs were surveyed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle diameter analyzer. The results showed that styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) anionic emulsifier is suitable for the preparation of MUF microPCMs. The cooling and melting phase‐change enthalpy were 130.5 and 135.2 J/g, and the cooling and melting phase‐change temperature were 20.9 and 19.11°C when core–shell ratio reached 3:1. In addition, increasing amount of SMA can enhance the phase‐change enthalpy.