bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of Measuring Intentions to Use Best Practices: A Longitudinal Study Among Teachers Supporting Students With Autism
Authors: Fishman Jessica , Beidas Rinad , Reisinger Erica , Mandell David S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based interventions can result in profound social, behavioral, and academic improvement for students with autism, but teachers rarely implement them. It is important to understand why this occurs and use this information to increase the use of evidence‐based practices. Toward this goal, 2 proof‐of‐construct studies demonstrate the theoretical and methodological advantages of measuring behavioral intentions to use specific practices.METHODSTwo observational studies enrolled public school teachers who work with students with autism. The studies measure the strength of teachers' intentions to use each of 4 different evidence‐based practices, assess variability in intentions, and test whether intentions predict future teacher behavior.RESULTSIn adjusted analyses, intentions to use a specific evidence‐based practice were strongly associated with subsequent use (adjusted odds ratio = 5.2). The proportion of teachers who reported strong intentions varied from a low of 33% to a high of 66%, depending on the practice.CONCLUSIONSThe findings illustrate that the strength of intentions, which varies depending on the specific practice, can predict implementation. More generally, the studies demonstrate how measures of intention can aid efforts to identify implementation barriers. The approach taken can be applied to study implementation of any practices designed to improve student health.
Barriers to Shared Use of Indoor and Outdoor Facilities at US Elementary Schools
Authors: Turner Lindsey , Calvert Hannah G. , Chaloupka Frank J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool policies and practices, such as the sharing of school facilities with the surrounding community, support physical activity among students and community members, but are often underutilized. This study examined variations in shared use practices, and associations with perceived barriers.METHODSSurveys were completed by a nationally representative sample of 640 public elementary schools across the United States. Administrators reported on their school's practices related to the shared use of indoor and outdoor facilities, and perceived barriers to sharing. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine associations between barriers and practices.RESULTSLiability or legal concerns, staffing expenses, and facility operation costs were most frequently reported as barriers, while lack of adequate facilities and perceived lack of community interest were less common. Cost concerns and perceived lack of community interest were most strongly associated with lack of sharing.CONCLUSIONSAlthough liability or legal concerns are common, such concerns are not necessarily associated with less sharing when other factors are taken into account. Administrators' perceptions about lack of community interest were associated with less sharing, but these perceptions may not accurately reflect the community's perspective. Active development of partnerships could increase access to school facilities.
Uncertainty and Influence: The Advantages (and Disadvantages) of Being Atypical
Authors: Gaffney Amber M. , Rast David E. , Hogg Michael A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearch suggests that individuals who best embody the attributes that define their group's identity tend to have the most influence within their groups and often occupy leadership roles. This idea lies at the heart of social identity approaches to leadership, which have robustly found that groups tend to more strongly support prototypical leaders and, as a result, prototypical leaders can be more effective than less prototypical leaders. In this article, we overview this prototypicality advantage and also explore the conditions under which it may be weakened or reversed. More specifically, we detail some of the conditions under which nonprototypical members can overcome the leadership obstacle of being “atypical” group members. One such condition is when members experience identity uncertainty. Under these conditions, group members seek clear and distinct group identities. When non‐prototypical group members can provide such clear group defining norms, they may be promoted to leadership positions and celebrated as agents of social change.
Descriptive Study of Caseworkers’ Practices to Support the Development of Self‐Determination of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Caouette Martin , Lachapelle Yves , Moreau Jocelyne , Lussier‐Desrochers Dany 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFew studies pertain to caseworkers and their practices for supporting the development of self‐determination of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). This research thus aims at describing the intervention practices of 12 caseworkers from Quebec (Canada). These caseworkers participated in five discussion groups over an 8‐month period. The data analysis helped identify a set of interventions conducted with people who have ID and with their environments. The majority of interventions are person‐specific, although natural and foster families are also targets for intervention. A number of person‐specific and environment‐specific variables influence these interventions. These variables concern people with ID, caseworkers, natural families, foster families, service organizations, and the community. The complexity of the intervention process is discussed. Recommendations are formulated for caseworkers, service organizations, and public decision makers.
Growth, mortality and stock status of mullets (Mugilidae) in Chilika Lake, India
Authors: Panda Debabrata , Mohanty Surya K. , Pattnaik Ajit K. , Das Subrata , Karna Subodha K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe growth, mortality and stock status of grey mullets Chelon parsia (Ham. 1822), Chelon planiceps (Val. 1836) and Mugil cephalus (Linn. 1758) were investigated during December 2010 to November 2011 from Chilika Lake, Asia, largest brackish water lake. The length‐based analysis, using length frequency data collected from fish landing centres, formed the basic study methodology. Growth function and population parameters were studied using FAO‐ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools‐II (FiSAT‐II). The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) was established as Lt = 321 mm*(1 − exp (‐0.98 year−1 × (t + 0.085 year)) for C. parsia, Lt = 315 mm × (1 − exp (−0.80 year−1 × (t + 0.105 year)) for C. planiceps and Lt = 700 mm*(1 − exp (−0.70 year−1*(t + 0.097 year)) for M. cephalus. Lower K and higher L∞ values for M. cephalus indicated slow growth and high longevity of the species, compared to other grey mullets. Length–weight relationships were derived, indicating isometric growth for grey mullets. Recruitment of mullets was observed throughout the year, with a peak during April–July. About 50% of the mullets were caught by fishing gear before reaching their first year of age. The level of exploitation (E ≥ 0.60) was more than the optimum level (E = 0.4 for pelagic stock), indicating overexploitation of grey mullets in Chilika Lake. Moreover, the average annual yields of three mullets were observed to be higher than the estimated maximum sustainable yields (MSY), also indicating overharvesting of mullets. Thus, the mullets could be considered one of the highly overexploited resources in Chilika Lake. The findings of this study will facilitate the development of appropriate management strategies for the mullet fishery in Chilika Lake.
Using cognitive mapping to understand Senegalese infant and young child feeding decisions
Authors: Zobrist Stephanie , Kalra Nikhila , Pelto Gretel , Wittenbrink Brittney , Milani Peiman , Diallo Abdoulaye Moussa , Ndoye Tidiane , Wone Issa , Parker Megan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCaregivers make decisions about how to feed their infants and young children based on complex interactions of knowledge, beliefs, and values, as well as assessments of situational determinants, including economic and social constraints and opportunities. Because of the relationship of these factors to the adoption of new feeding behaviours, the development of nutrition interventions for this age group must be grounded in knowledge about the target population. This paper presents the results of a study that used cognitive mapping techniques to gain insight into mothers' knowledge and perceptions of foods for infants and young children and examine their significance for feeding decisions in Saint‐Louis, northern Senegal. Guided by mixed‐methods protocols from the Focused Ethnographic Study for Infant and Young Child Feeding Manual, in‐depth interviews that included qualitative discussions and cognitive mapping techniques were conducted with 46 mothers in rural and peri‐urban communities. We explored mothers' perceptions about five dimensions that affect food decision‐making—healthiness, convenience, child acceptance, appeal, and modernity—and the relationship of these dimensions to 38 local food items. Data analysis entailed a combination of qualitative thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. In both communities, “healthiness” was the most valued dimension for food decision‐making by a large margin, followed by child acceptance, appeal, modernity, and convenience. We explore how different interpretations and definitions of these dimensions, and their relationship to specific local food items, may influence the design and planning of nutrition interventions. The results support the importance of mixed‐methods formative research to illuminate the emic perspectives of caregivers.
Associations of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and post‐partum with maternal cognition and caregiving
Authors: Prado Elizabeth L. , Ashorn Ulla , Phuka John , Maleta Kenneth , Sadalaki John , Oaks Brietta M. , Haskell Marjorie , Allen Lindsay H. , Vosti Steve A. , Ashorn Per , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPregnant and post‐partum women require increased nutrient intake and optimal cognition, which depends on adequate nutrition, to enable reasoning and learning for caregiving. We aimed to assess (a) differences in maternal cognition and caregiving between women in Malawi who received different nutritional supplements, (b) 14 effect modifiers, and (c) associations of cognition and caregiving with biomarkers of iron, Vitamin A, B‐vitamin, and fatty acid status. In a randomized controlled trial (n = 869), pregnant women daily received either multiple micronutrients (MMN), 20 g/day lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS), or a control iron/folic acid (IFA) tablet. After delivery, supplementation continued in the MMN and LNS arms, and the IFA control group received placebo until 6 months post‐partum, when cognition (n = 712), caregiving behaviour (n = 669), and biomarkers of nutritional status (n = 283) were assessed. In the full group, only one difference was significant: the IFA arm scored 0.22 SD (95% CI [0.01, 0.39], p = .03) higher than the LNS arm in mental rotation. Among subgroups of women with baseline low hemoglobin, poor iron status, or malaria, those who received LNS scored 0.4 to 0.7 SD higher than the IFA arm in verbal fluency. Breastmilk docosahexaenoic acid and Vitamin B12 concentrations were positively associated with verbal fluency and digit span forward (adjusting for covariates ps < .05). In this population in Malawi, maternal supplementation with MMN or LNS did not positively affect maternal cognition or caregiving. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid and B12 status may be important for post‐partum attention and executive function.
Differential diagnoses of diaper dermatitis
Authors: Fölster‐Holst Regina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiaper dermatitis is the most common contact eczema present in early childhood. The main cause is an irritant reaction to urine and feces, which is facilitated by the occlusive conditions under the diaper, leading to hyperhydration of the stratum corneum (diaper dermatitis). In addition, diaper pressure and friction can increase the risk of skin inflammation, which also opens the skin up to other irritant agents, allergens, and infectious agents, such as candida albicans. However, a variety of diseases are associated with inflammation of the skin in the diaper region, therefore the term “diaper dermatitis” is merely descriptive and does not reflect anything about the etiopathogenesis. The term diaper dermatitis refers only to an inflammation in the diapering area and should not be automatically equated with reactions to diapers. Making the correct diagnosis requires a thorough examination of the skin in its entirety and a detailed report of the patient's medical and family history. Once a specific pattern is identified, a precise diagnosis, and an appropriate therapy, can be determined.
Seamline optimisation for urban aerial ortho‐image mosaicking using graph cuts
Authors: Zhang Yunsheng , Zhang Minglei , Du Shouji , Zou Zhengrong , Fan Chong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOptimal seamline detection is a key step when composing digital orthophotomaps (DOM) of extensive areas from overlapping ortho‐images. To avoid seamlines passing through buildings when mosaicking, seamline detection between adjacent ortho‐images is casted as a graph‐cut problem. To avoid buildings, colour differences and gradient magnitude derived from the ortho‐images, together with approximate object heights derived from a digital surface model (DSM), are combined for constructing the cost term of the graph. To efficiently obtain an approximate height value for eachDOMunit, an expanded normalisedDSMis proposed. Furthermore, the designed cost term for final composite ortho‐image merging is weighted to prioritise pixels closest to the nadir point. Experiments with strips of aerial images show that the proposed method obtains seamless mosaicking of ortho‐images without manual work.
Income Groups, Social Capital, and Collective Action on Small‐Scale Irrigation Facilities: A Multigroup Analysis Based on a Structural Equation Model
Authors: Miao Shanshan , Heijman Wim , Zhu Xueqin , Qiao Dan , Lu Qian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines whether relationships between social capital characteristics and the willingness of farmers to cooperate in collective action is moderated by the farmers' income level. We employed a structural equation model to analyze the influence of social capital components (social networks, interpersonal trust, social reciprocity, and social participation) on the willingness of farmers to cooperate in collective small‐scale irrigation in Guangling County, Shanxi Province of China. This analysis was complemented by a multigroup analysis to measure the potential variance effects across income groups. Our results show that low‐ and middle‐income farmers give more importance to the aspects of social networks, social reciprocity, and social participation, while high‐income farmers place emphasis on interpersonal trust and social participation. Accordingly, the willingness of farmers to cooperate for the different income groups was influenced in different ways in relation to the various social capital components. Therefore, social capital and income differences have complex effects on the willingness of farmers to cooperate. In this regard, our research provides an alternative way to understand the complex process involved in the formation of collective action under the presence of increasing economic heterogeneity in local communities.
Hemodialysis‐induced cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ahmadmehrabi Shadi , Tang W. H. Wilson 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMore than half of all deaths among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular changes secondary to renal dysfunction, including fluid overload, uremic cardiomyopathy, secondary hyperparathyroidism, anemia, altered lipid metabolism, and accumulation of gut microbiota‐derived uremic toxins like trimethylamine N‐oxidase, contribute to the high risk for CVD in the ESRD population. In addition, conventional hemodialysis (HD) itself poses myocardial stress and injury on the already compromised cardiovascular system in uremic patients. This review will provide an overview of cardiovascular changes in chronic kidney disease and ESRD, a description of reported mechanisms for HD‐induced myocardial injury, comparison of HD with other treatment modalities in the context of CVD, and possible management strategies.
Interpretation and the Implied Author: A Descriptive Project
Authors: Lin Szu‐Yen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe utterance model is a popular basis for theories of interpretation in the contemporary analytic philosophy of literature. This model suggests that interpretation should be constrained by a work's identity‐relevant factors in its context of production because a work, like an utterance, acquires its identity and content in part from its relations with that context. From a descriptive point of view, I argue that the implied author account of interpretation best describes critical practice following the current positions based on the utterance model. That is, people who interpret in accordance with these positions end up interpreting an implied author.
Of macropores and tillage: influence of biomass incorporation on cover crop decomposition and soil respiration
Authors: McCourty M. A. , Gyawali A. J. , Stewart R. D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon sequestration in agricultural soils may help to reduce global greenhouse gas concentrations, but building up soil carbon levels requires accumulating organic matter faster than it is lost via heterotrophic respiration. Using field and laboratory studies, this study sought to elucidate how tillage, the below‐ground incorporation of cover crop residue, and soil macroporosity affect soil respiration and residue decomposition rates. In the field, residue from a cover crop mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) was placed into litter bags that were left on the surface versus incorporated into the soil at three depths (4, 8 or 12 cm), while the laboratory study compared surface‐placed versus incorporated litter (8 cm depth). To assess tillage effects on cover crop decomposition, the field study simulated no‐till and conventional tillage treatments, while the laboratory and field studies both included treatments in which artificial soil macropores were created. The field study showed that conventional tillage and the presence of macropores enhanced soil respiration, while in the laboratory study, incorporating cover crop residue resulted in higher soil respiration and faster litter decomposition rates. Additionally, the laboratory measurements showed that macropores increased soil respiration in wet conditions, likely by enhancing oxygen diffusion. Thus, organic matter incorporation and macropores may represent important factors that affect soil respiration and carbon dynamics.
Failing safely: Increasing theology and religious studies students’ resilience and academic confidence via risk‐taking in formative assessment
Authors: Cornwall Susannah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStudents increasingly appear anxious, risk‐averse, and worried about getting things “wrong.” They may appear to lack intellectual curiosity, and be unwilling to engage in independent study. This essay explores how teaching and assessment in theology and religious studies might help students learn to take intellectual risks, and increase their resilience. One approach is to encourage students to experiment and “fail safely,” to increase their confidence that they understand what is expected of them, and to help them begin to understand learning as more broadly formational, not always directed toward a grade. I suggest three strategies: more formative assessment; a stronger narrative about the purpose of formative assessment; and an appeal to values, virtue, and the cultivation of character. Via these approaches, students might be encouraged to understand assessment in less utilitarian terms and increase their resilience for a world characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, prepared both critically and dispositionally to thrive and contribute positively to society.
Identifying stops from mobile phone location data by introducing uncertain segments
Authors: Zhao Zhiyuan , Yin Ling , Shaw Shih‐Lung , Fang Zhixiang , Yang Xiping , Zhang Fan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIdentifying stops is a primary step in acquiring activity‐related information from mobile phone location data to understand the activity patterns of individuals. However, signal jumps in mobile phone location data may create “fake moves,” which will generate fake activity patterns of “stops‐and‐moves.” These “fake moves” share similar spatiotemporal features with real short‐distance moves, and the stops and moves of trajectories (SMoT), which is the most extensively used stop identification model, often fails to distinguish them when the dataset has coarse temporal resolution. This study proposes the stops, moves, and uncertainties of trajectories (SMUoT) model to address this issue by introducing uncertain segment analysis to distinguish “fake moves” and real short‐distance moves. A real mobile phone location dataset collected in Shenzhen, China is used to evaluate the performance of SMUoT. We find that SMUoT improves the performance (i.e., 15 and 19% increase in accuracy and recall rate for a one‐hour temporal resolution dataset, respectively) of stop identification and exhibits high robustness to parameter settings. With a better reliability of “stops‐and‐moves” pattern identification, the proposed SMUoT can benefit various individual activity‐related research based on mobile phone location data for many fields, such as urban planning, traffic analysis, and emergency management.
ABO incompatibility and RhIG immunoprophylaxis protect against non‐D alloimmunization by pregnancy
Authors: Zwiers Carolien , Koelewijn Joke M. , Vermij Lisa , van Sambeeck Joost , Oepkes Dick , de Haas Masja , van der Schoot C. Ellen 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDHemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is caused by maternal antibodies against fetal red blood cell antigens, most often anti‐D, ‐K, or ‐c. ABO incompatibility between mother and child and anti‐D immunoprophylaxis (RhIG) are known to reduce the risk of D immunization and subsequent HDFN. However, no immunoprophylaxis has been developed to prevent non‐D immunizations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe evaluated whether ABO incompatibility has a preventive effect on formation of non‐D alloantibodies, by performing a case‐control study including pregnant women with newly detected non‐D antibodies, identified within a nationwide data set, immunized during their first pregnancy and/or delivery. Subsequently, we assessed a possible protective effect of RhIG in a subgroup with non‐Rh antibodies only. The proportions of previous ABO incompatibility and of RhIG administrations of these women were compared to the known rate of 19.4% ABO incompatibility and 9.9% RhIG administrations (D– women carrying a D+ child) in the general population of pregnant women.RESULTSA total of 11.9% of the 232 included immunized women had a possible ABO incompatibility in their first pregnancy (vs. expected 19.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3‐18.8; p = 0.036). Furthermore, 1.0% women with non‐Rh antibodies were D–, delivered a D+ child, and had therefore received RhIG, whereas 9.9% was expected (95% CI, 0.18‐5.50; p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONWe found that ABO incompatibility and RhIG reduce the risks not only for D, but also for non‐Rh immunizations, suggesting that antibody‐mediated immune suppression in this condition is not antigen specific.