bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuating effect of α-pinene on neurobehavioural deficit, oxidative damage and inflammatory response following focal ischaemic stroke in rat
Authors: Khoshnazar Mahdieh , Bigdeli Mohammad Reza , Parvardeh Siavash , Pouriran Ramin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Oxidative stress and inflammation have a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Alpha-pinene is a monoterpenoid molecule with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The nobility of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of α-pinene in ischaemic stroke.

Methods
Ischaemic stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion in male Wistar rats. Alpha-pinene (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in the beginning of reperfusion. Then, the neurobehavioural function, infarct volume, brain oedema, antioxidant enzyme activity and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated by different methods in the brain.

Key findings
Alpha-pinene (50 and 100 mg/kg) elicited a significant decrease in the brain oedema and infarct size as well as an improvement in the neurobehavioural function. Besides, α-pinene (100 mg/kg) restored the function of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and reduced the concentration of MDA, NO and IL-6 in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum.

Conclusions
It was ultimately attainted that α-pinene exerts neuroprotective effect in ischaemic stroke in rat through the restoration of antioxidant enzymes activity, attenuation of lipid peroxidation and reduction of inflammation in the ischaemic brains.
Effect of Salinity on DMSP Production in Gambierdiscus belizeanus (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gwinn Jessica K. , Robertson Alison , Kiene Ronald P. 
Published: September 2019

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is produced by many species of marine phytoplankton and has been reported to provide a variety of beneficial functions including osmoregulation. Dinoflagellates are recognized as major DMSP producers; however, accumulation has been shown to be highly variable in this group. We explored the effect of hyposaline transfer in Gambierdiscus belizeanus between ecologically relevant salinities (36 and 31) on DMSP accumulation, Chl a, cell growth, and cell volume, over 12 d. Our results showed that G. belizeanus maintained an intracellular DMSP content of 16.3 pmol cell−1 and concentration of 139 mM in both salinities. Although this intracellular concentration was near the median reported for other dinoflagellates, the cellular content achieved by G. belizeanus was the highest reported of any dinoflagellate thus far, owing mainly to its large size. DMSP levels were not significantly affected by salinity treatment but did change over time during the experiment. Salinity, however, did have a significant effect on the ratio of DMSP:Chl a, suggesting that salinity transfer of G. belizeanus induced a physiological response other than DMSP adjustment. A survey of DMSP content in a variety of Gambierdiscus species and strains revealed relatively high DMSP concentrations (1.0–16.4 pmol cell−1) as well as high intrageneric and intraspecific variation. We conclude that, although DMSP may not be involved in long‐term (3–12 d) osmoregulation in this species, G. belizeanus and other Gambierdiscus species may be important contributors to DMSP production in tropical benthic microalgal communities due to their large size and high cellular content.
Association between the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and intravesical prostatic protrusion in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Chung Mun Su , Yang Yun Jung , Lee Seung Hwan , Yoon Byung Il 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the association between neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty men aged >50 years who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms at our institution between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Pearson's method was used for analysis of the correlation between NLR and IPP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of IPP. Further analysis according to total prostate volume (TPV) was performed.ResultsThe NLR correlated positively with IPP (Pearson's r = 0.459, P < 0.001) and was an independent predictor of IPP ≥10 mm (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–5.47; P = 0.0006). Among the 142 men with prostates <40 cm3, mean NLR was 2.50 ± 0.71 in those with IPP ≥10 mm and 1.71 ± 0.57 in those with IPP < 10 mm (P < 0.001). The NLR differed significantly between those with a prostate <40 cm3 and IPP ≥10 mm and those with a larger prostate and IPP < 10 mm (2.50 ± 0.71 vs 2.07 ± 0.77, respectively; P = 0.020).ConclusionsNLR can be used as a surrogate marker for presence of IPP. Its clinical value would be especially important in men with a small prostate gland but high IPP. The NLR seemed to be more strongly correlated with IPP than with TPV.
Effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on sleep quality in older people: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Seol Jaehoon , Abe Takumi , Fujii Yuya , Joho Kaya , Okura Tomohiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the influence of replacing sedentary time with time engaged in one of two levels of physical activity on sleep quality using an isotemporal substitution model. The participants were 70 community‐dwelling older Japanese adults (approximately 70% female). Physical activity types were measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized based on intensity as sedentary, light‐intensity, and vigorous‐intensity. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index assessed subjective sleep quality. Objective sleep parameters were assessed using an actigraph. A series of multi‐linear regression models analyzed the statistical relationships. Our findings showed that replacing 30 min of sedentary activity per day with an equal period of light‐intensity physical activity significantly influenced sleep quality parameters. However, there was no significant difference in sleep quality when light‐intensity activity was replaced with vigorous‐intensity activity. Engaging in one activity type means less available time for other types of activity; habitual replacement of sedentary activity with light‐intensity physical activity might have long‐term benefits on the sleep quality of older people.
Phenotypic plasticity and morphological adaptation of Halimeda opuntia (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) to light intensity
Authors: Pongparadon Supattra , Nooek Sontaya , Prathep Anchana 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPlasticity gives plants the ability to adapt their morphology and growth to various environments. Environmental factors can lead to changes in the growth forms of algae. Halimeda opuntia was used as a model organism to determine the effects of highly irradiated and shade conditions in the field and its responses to low light conditions in the laboratory, which are known to be some of the main factors driving its morphological plasticity. To investigate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the species, a total of 61 characteristics and 54 samples from Thailand, Japan and Indonesia were examined. In addition, we also tested the response under different light conditions in the laboratory. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the tufA marker to confirm the species identification. We found that the thallus forms, branching patterns and segment shapes and sizes responded to the different light conditions. A brittle thallus network was found under shade conditions with low light intensity, while a compact thallus form was found under highly irradiated conditions. The H. opuntia segment shape was reniform under highly irradiated conditions, but its segments were adapted to be deeply trilobed in the lower thallus and tripartite shape in the upper thallus under shade conditions. The segment size also adapted; the segments in shaded areas were longer than those in sunny areas, which might have helped them increase their thallus height to ensure exposure to the high light habitat. This morphological variation and plasticity expanded our understanding of the range of H. opuntia plasticity present in the field and could help explain why this species is common and successfully colonizes various habitats worldwide.
Manufacturing growth accelerations in developing countries
Authors: Haraguchi Nobuya , Martorano Bruno , Sanfilippo Marco , Shingal Anirudh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the factors driving manufacturing growth accelerations in a sample of 134 developing countries over the period 1970 to 2014. We first identify growth acceleration episodes of manufacturing value added (MVA) by their year of initiation and according to a country’s income classification. We then estimate a probit model to explain what factors predict these MVA growth accelerations. Our results show that human capital and institutions represent contextual factors that favor the growth of manufacturing, together with macroeconomic policies related to investment, and openness to foreign trade and capital. We also find that most of these factors not only foster episodic accelerations of industry, but they contribute as well to a sustained process of industrialization that characterized the process of economic growth of a few successful countries over the period 1970 to 2014.
The metabolic mind: A role for leptin and ghrelin in affect and social cognition
Authors: MacCormack Jennifer K. , Muscatell Keely A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLeptin and ghrelin are metabolic hormones central to energy regulation in the body. Theories of allostasis suggest that metabolism could matter for more than just food intake and weight regulation but also ultimately for psychological processes, such as affect and social cognition. Allostasis is the process by which the brain monitors ongoing physiological states and, in turn, regulates physiology based on expectations about how a given situation will impact the self. Motivated by this allostatic perspective, we argue that leptin and ghrelin may be influenced by and even contribute to psychological processes such as affect and social cognition. Specifically, we review literature suggesting that leptin and ghrelin may be sensitive to social affective signals and related contexts (e.g., social status, and social threat vs. support), given that these signals and contexts may represent access to tangible physical and psychological resources that support allostasis and metabolic needs. We then review literature showing that leptin, ghrelin, and associated metabolic states may feed into the construction of social affective states and behaviors (e.g., emotion and risk taking), in order to motivate behaviors in line with allostatic needs. We close by offering guidelines for researchers interested in contributing to this emerging field and highlight opportunities for future research. We believe that leptin and ghrelin offer exciting new directions for social and affective scientists interested in linking the mind, brain, and body.
Self‐regulation as relating to one's ideal possible self
Authors: Haskins LeeAnn B. , vanDellen Michelle R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeople dream of countless ideal possible selves they hope to become, but they have a difficult time actualizing them. In the present work, we review and integrate prior research regarding possible selves, self‐regulation, and interpersonal relationships. We draw on multiple perspectives to define ideal possible selves and clarify their structure. We suggest that framing self‐regulation of an ideal possible self as relating to one's ideal possible self affords an explanation that ideal possible selves can (but sometimes do not) motivate current self‐regulation. We discuss two ways ideal possible selves motivate current self‐regulatory behavior: through increased vividness of the ideal possible self and through commitment to the ideal possible self. These routes pave the way for future research designed to help people increase their efforts toward becoming their ideal possible selves.
Simulation-based lateral transshipment policy optimization for s, S inventory control problem in a single-echelon supply chain network
Authors: Yetkin Ekren Banu , Arslan Bartu 
Published: September 2019

Since it affects the performance of whole supply chain significantly, definition of correct inventory control policy in a supply chain is critical. Recent technological development enabled real time visibility of a supply network by horizontal integration of each node in a supply network. By this opportunity, inventory sharing among stocking locations is also possible in the effort of cost minimization in supply chain management. Hence, lateral transshipment gained popularity and studies seeking the best lateral-transshipment policy is still under research. In this study, we aim to compare different lateral-transshipment policies for an s, S inventory control problem for a single-echelon supply chain network system. In this work, we consider a supply network with three stocking locations which may perform lateral transshipment among them when backorder takes place. We develop the simulation models of the systems in ARENA 14.5 commercial software and compare the performance of the policies by minimizing the total cost under a pre-defined fill rate constraint by using an optimization tool, OptQuest, integrated in that software. The results show that lateral transshipment works well compared to the scenario when there is no lateral transshipment policy in the network.
Experimental Calibration of a Biohydrogen Production Estimation Model
Authors: Dias Fernando G. , Vargas Jose V. C. , Yang Sam , Rosa Marcos P. , Santos Beatriz , Kava Vanessa M. , Balmant Wellington , Mariano Andre B. , Ordonez Juan C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A dynamic physics-based model developed for the prediction of biohydrogen production in a compact tubular photobioreactor (PBR) was calibrated experimentally. The spatial domain in the model was discretized with lumped control volumes and the principles of classical thermodynamics, mass, species, and heat transfer were combined to derive a system of ordinary differential equations, whose solution was the temperature and mass fraction distributions across the entire system. Two microalgae species, namely, Acutodesmus obliquus and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain cc125, were cultured in triplicate with different culture media via indirect biophotolysis. Measured biomass and hydrogen concentrations were then used to adjust the specific microalgae growth and hydrogen production rates in the model based on residual sum of squares (RSS) and the direct search method. Despite its simplicity, the presented volume element model was verified to well predict both hydrogen and biomass concentration over time. The microalgae growth rate for each species was determined as 2.16 μalga,0 s−1 and 0.91 μalga,0 s−1 for A. obliquus and C. reinhardtii strain cc125, respectively, where μalga,0 is the specific growth rate of Scenedesmus almeriensis for given temperature and irradiance. The adjusted maximum hydrogen production rates for the local nonmutant A. obliquus and for C. reinhardtii strain cc125 were 1.3 × 10−7 s−1 and 4.1 × 10−7 s−1. Consequently, these hydrogen production rates were 59 times and 19 times smaller, respectively, than that for the mutant C. reinhardtii strain cc849.
Effects of Mainstream Turbulence Intensity and Coolant-to-Mainstream Density Ratio on Film Cooling Effectiveness of Multirow Diffusion Slot Holes
Authors: An Bai-Tao , Liu Jian-Jun , Zhou Si-Jing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Multirow film cooling is widely used in gas turbine airfoils cooling to cope with extremely high inlet temperature. The film cooling effectiveness of diffusion slot holes was measured in multirow arrays at a flat plate experimental facility using the pressure sensitive paints (PSP) technique. Emphasis was focused on the influence mechanism of mainstream turbulence intensity (Tu) and coolant-to-mainstream density ratio (DR) on film cooling effectiveness of multirow arrays with wide exit holes. The diffusion slot hole with exit width of 3.7D and 4.0D was, respectively, tested in three staggered arrays of P/D = 6 and S/D = 30, P/D = 6 and S/D = 20, and P/D = 9 and S/D = 20. Four blowing ratios varied from M = 0.5 to 2.0. The baseline condition (Tu = 3.5%, DR = 1.38) was compared with an increased Tu condition (Tu = 8.4%) and a decreased DR condition (DR = 0.97). The results showed that in two P/D = 6 arrays, increasing Tu decreased the multirow effectiveness considerably under all blowing ratios, but increasing Tu prominently restrained the film coalescence. The influences of Tu were more intense for the arrays with larger exit width holes and larger S/D. Decreasing DR increased multirow effectiveness obviously. The influences of DR tended to consistent for all arrays and the influences were relatively weak for high blowing ratios. In the P/D = 9 array, the superiority of large exit width hole disappeared completely, regardless of Tu and DR variations.
The Autoignition of Nuclear Reactor Power Plant Explosions
Authors: Leishear Robert A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Explosive research proves that there is a common cause for most explosions in nuclear reactor power plants during normal operations and accident conditions. The autoignition of flammable hydrogen is a common cause for nuclear power plant explosions, where complex corrosion processes, nuclear reactions, and thermal-fluid transients autoignite explosions. Research evaluated increasingly complicated accidents. First, piping explosions occurred at Hamaoka and Brunsbuttel. Fluid transients compressed oxygen and flammable hydrogen to heat these gases to autoignition, where resultant explosions shredded steel pipes. This identical mechanism was responsible for pipe and pump damages to U.S. reactor systems since the 1950s, where water hammer alone has been assumed to cause damages. Small explosions inside the piping actually cause damages during nuclear reactor startups and flow rate changes. Second, explosions are caused by thermal-fluid transients during nuclear reactor restarts, following accidental nuclear reactor meltdowns. Disastrous explosions destroyed nuclear reactor buildings (RBs) at Fukushima Daiichi. Previously considered to be a fire, a 319 kilogram hydrogen explosion occurred at Three Mile Island (TMI). The explosion cause following each of these loss-of-coolant accidents was identical, i.e., after meltdowns, pump operations heated gases, which in turn acted as the heat source to autoignite sequential hydrogen explosions in reactor systems to ignite RBs. Third, the Chernobyl explosion followed a reactor meltdown that was complicated by a high energy nuclear criticality. The hydrogen ignition and explosion causes are more complicated as well, where two sequential hydrogen explosions were ignited by high-temperature reactor fuel.
Simulation of Flow Around a Cube at Moderate Reynolds Numbers Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Khan Majid Hassan , Sharma Atul , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article reports flow behavior around a suspended cube obtained using three-dimensional (3D) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)-based simulations. The Reynolds number (Re) range covered is from 84 to 770. Four different flow regimes are noted based on the flow structure in this range of Re: steady axisymmetric (84 ≤ Re ≤ 200), steady nonaxisymmetric (215 ≤ Re ≤ 250), unsteady nonaxisymmetric in one plane and axisymmetric in the other plane (276 ≤ Re ≤ 300), and unsteady nonaxisymmetric in streamwise orthogonal planes (339 ≤ Re ≤ 770). Recirculation length and drag coefficient follow inverse trend in the steady flow regime. The unsteady flow regime shows hairpin vortices for Re ≤ 300 and then it becomes structureless. The nature of force coefficients has been examined at various Reynolds numbers. Temporal behavior of force coefficients is presented along with phase dependence of side force coefficients. The drag coefficient decreases with increase in Reynolds number in the steady flow regime and the side force coefficients are in phase. Drag coefficients are compared with established correlations for flow around a cube and a sphere. The side force coefficients are perfectly correlated at Re = 215 and they are anticorrelated at Re = 250. At higher Reynolds numbers, side force coefficients are highly uncorrelated. This work adds to the existing understanding of flow around a cube reported earlier at low and moderate Re and extends it further to unsteady regime at higher Re.
Linear Instability of Liquid Sheets Subjected to a Transverse Electric Field
Authors: Cui Xiao , Fu Qing-Fei , Yang Lijun , Xie Luo , Jia Bo-Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA temporal linear instability analysis was performed for a liquid sheet moving around the inviscid gas in transverse electrical field. The fluid was described by the leaky-dielectric model, which is more complex and more comparable to the liquid electrical properties than existing models. As a result, the sinuous and the varicose modes exist, in which the dimensionless dispersion relation between wave number and temporal growth rate can be derived as a 3 × 3 matrix. According to this relationship, the effects of liquid properties on sheet instability were performed. It was concluded that, as the electrical Euler number (Eu), the ratio of gas-to-liquid density (ρ), Weber number (We), Reynolds number (Re), and the relative relaxation time (τ) increased, the instability of the sheet was enhanced. This work also compared the leaky-dielectric model with the perfect conductor model and found that the unstable growth rate in the leaky-dielectric model was higher than the one in the perfect conductor model. Moreover, as the ratio of gas-to-liquid improved, this difference decreased. Finally, an energy approach was adopted to investigate the instability mechanism for the two models.
Direct Numerical Simulation of the Flow in a Bare Rod Bundle at Different Prandtl Numbers
Authors: Lai Jonathan K. , Busco Giacomo , Merzari Elia , Hassan Yassin A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A direct numerical simulation (DNS) of bare rod bundles with a low pitch-to-diameter ratio is performed with heat transfer at different Prandtl numbers. Turbulence statistics for temperature and velocity as well as the turbulent budgets have been collected. High-fidelity simulations are performed with the spectral element method (SEM) using Nek5000, a highly scalable code. To pertain to industrial-related flows, a rod bundle model is based on Hooper and Wood's (Hooper, J. D., and Wood, D., 1984, “Fully Developed Rod Bundle Flow Over a Large Range of Reynolds Number,” Nucl. Eng. Des., 83(1), pp. 31–46) experimental setup. Both wall normalized velocity profile and turbulent kinetic energy are validated with a Reynolds number of 22,600. Kolmogorov length scales and time scales are calculated to be within the simulation's spatial–temporal resolution. Moreover, gap vortices and coherent structures are quantified by using Lambda2 vortex criterion, frequency analysis, and two-point correlation. Heat transfer statistics are discussed with a constant heat flux for six different Prandtl numbers ranging from 2 to 0.002. This range shows significantly different characteristics in temperature for both mean and variance. Mean temperature profiles in the subchannel center are very sensitive to the Prandtl number when it becomes small. It is also found that the location of the local maxima for the variance of temperature fluctuations becomes very sensitive at larger Prandtl numbers. The temperature frequency analysis reveals a shift to lower frequencies for low Prandtl numbers. The DNS results provided in this work will contribute as benchmark for the improvement and development of existing and new turbulent heat transfer models at different Prandtl number regimes.