bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck cancer during pregnancy
Authors: Le Guevelou Jennifer , Lebars Sabrina , Kammerer Emmanuel , de Gabory Ludovic , Vergez Sebastien , Janot François , Baujat Bertrand , Righini Christian , Jegoux Franck , Dufour Xavier , Merol Jean‐Claude , Mauvais Olivier , Lasne‐Cardon Audrey , Selleret Lise , Thariat Juliette 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of cancer during pregnancy is low but is slightly increasing. Data on incidence and etiology of head and neck (HN) cancers in pregnant women are rare. We evaluated the frequency, tumor type, associated factors, and specific biomarkers in HN cancers occurring in pregnant (and peripartum) women.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, for any HN tumor site occurring in pregnant women.ResultsSixty cases of HN cancers occurring during pregnancy were identified. Most of them were oral cavity cancers. Relationships with oncogenic viruses, hormonal disturbance, and shift in maternal immunity profile were identified.ConclusionCarcinogenesis of HN cancers in pregnant women may be led by different cancer type–specific hallmarks. Relevance of these etiological factors with respect to treatments and birth control recommendations is being investigated by the REFCOR in an ambispective study.
Long‐acting reversible contraception: A route to reproductive justice or injustice
Authors: Kaitz Marsha , Mankuta David , Mankuta Lihi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article presents information on unintended pregnancies and the ongoing efforts of policy makers to promote long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) to reduce the numbers of such pregnancies. Also discussed is the tension between the encouragement of LARC to promote the public's interests in achieving that goal versus the need to assure that all women can decide about their bodies and reproductive needs. Our discussion includes information, primarily from the United States, on (a) risks associated with unintended pregnancies, (b) LARC devices approved in the United States (copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), hormone IUDs, and implants), (c) public and social benefits of increasing the use of LARC, (d) disadvantages and barriers to using LARC, (e) dangers of promoting LARC in unjust ways, and (f) the meaning of reproductive justice and its connection to social justice. By sharing the information with the audience of this journal, we hope that it will be integrated into clinical work and research on mental health and development. We also hope that experts in those fields will become discussants in the conversation regarding women's reproductive health and social justice that is taking place in the United States and elsewhere.
Preparation of WO3/CNT catalysts in presence of ionic liquid [C16mim]Cl and catalytic efficiency in oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li Airong , Xu Jingfan , Wen Jie , Zhang Hui , Zhang Lianhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the strict regulation for environmental protection, the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels is becoming more and more urgent. Hydrodesulfurization is one of the most widely used technologies in chemical industry, but its application is limited because of the harsh reaction conditions and the low efficiency in removal of aromatic organic sulfide. In this work, catalysts consisting of tungsten trioxide immobilized on carbon nanotubes (WO3/CNT) in the presence of ionic liquid [C16mim]Cl were prepared for the oxidative desulfurization of aromatic organic sulfide.RESULTSThe catalysts were systematically characterized by TG‐DSC, XRD, UV–visible, FTIR, Raman, SEM, TEM, XPS and BET. The dispersion of CNT and the crystal phase of WO3 on the carrier (CNT) were changed in the presence of ionic liquid [C16mim]Cl. The WO3 exists in tetrahedral form when the mass ratio of [C16mim]Cl to CNT is 2. The WO3/CNT catalyst demonstrates better activity in the oxidative desulfurization system, with the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) reaching 90.73% under optimal conditions. The oxidation process of DBT follows pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, and the activation energy is about 29.69 kJ mol−1. Dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2) was determined to be the oxidative product of DBT.CONCLUSIONThe results illustrated that the oxidative desulfurization efficiency of different forms of WO3 loaded on the same carrier (CNT) followed the order tetrahedral WO3 > tetragonal phase WO3 > monoclinic phase WO3. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Intestinal B cells in the red‐eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta: Anatomical distribution and implications for ecological interactions with pathogenic microbes
Authors: Ashford Marc A. , Palackdharry Sarah M. , Sadd Ben M. , Bowden Rachel M. , Vogel Laura A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDisease is a significant threat in the global decline of reptile species. Many aquatic reptiles live in habitats with high levels of opportunistic microbial pathogens, yet little is known about their immune system. Gut‐associated lymphoid tissue is vital for protection against ingested pathogens and maintenance of normal gut microbiota. In mammals, gut mucosal immunity is well‐characterized and mucosal surfaces are coated in protective antibodies. However, reptiles lack lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, which are the major sites of mammalian B cell responses. The presence or distribution of mucosal B cells in reptiles is unknown. In this study, we first set out to determine if B cells could be detected in intestinal tissues of red‐eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta. Using whole‐mount immunochemistry and a primary antibody to turtle antibody light chains, we identified widely distributed B cell aggregates within the small intestine of hatchling turtles. These aggregates appeared similar to isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) in mammals and the frequency was much higher in distal intestinal sections than in proximal sections. To determine if these structures were inducible in the presence of microbes, we introduced an enteric Salmonella species through oral gavage. Analysis of intestinal tissues revealed that hatchlings exposed to Salmonella exhibited significantly more of these aggregates when compared with those that did not receive bacteria. These studies provide the first evidence for B cell‐containing ILF‐like structures in reptiles and provide novel information about gut immunity in nonmammalian vertebrates that could have important implications for ecological interactions with pathogens.
The role of costing in the introduction and scale‐up of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis: evidence from integrating PrEP into routine maternal and child health and family planning clinics in western Kenya
Authors: Roberts D Allen , Barnabas Ruanne V , Abuna Felix , Lagat Harison , Kinuthia John , Pintye Jillian , Bochner Aaron F , Forsythe Steven , Gomez Gabriela B , Baeten Jared M , John‐Stewart Grace , Levin Carol 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the cost of strategies to reach and deliver pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to priority populations is essential to assess the cost‐effectiveness and budget impact of HIV prevention programmes. Providing PrEP through maternal and child health and family planning clinics offers a promising strategy to reach women in high HIV burden settings. We estimated incremental costs and explored the cost drivers of integrating PrEP delivery into routine maternal and child health and family planning services in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a costing study from the provider perspective within the PrEP Implementation for Young Women and Adolescents programme in western Kenya. We identified all within‐ and above‐facility activities supporting PrEP delivery and measured clinical service time using time‐and‐motion studies. We obtained input costs from programme budgets, expenditure records and staff interviews. We estimated changes in costs if creatinine testing were postponed from initiation to first follow‐up visit and if PrEP were prioritized to clients at high HIV risk using a behavioural risk assessment tool. We also projected costs under Ministry of Health (MOH) implementation assuming MOH salaries and programme supervision. We estimated annual numbers of PrEP visits from programme data abstracted from 16 facilities between November 2017 and June 2018. We report the cost per client‐month of PrEP dispensed in 2017 USD.ResultsFor an annual programme output of 24,005 screenings, 4198 PrEP initiations and 4427 follow‐up visits, the average cost per client‐month of PrEP dispensed in the study was $26.52. Personnel, drugs and laboratory tests comprised 43%, 25% and 14% of programme costs respectively. Postponing creatinine testing and prioritizing PrEP delivery to clients at high HIV risk reduced total programme costs by 8% and 14% respectively. In the MOH scenario assuming no changes in outputs, the projected cost per client‐month of PrEP dispensed decreased to $16.54 and total programme costs decreased by 38%.ConclusionsIncremental PrEP costs are sensitive to the service delivery strategy used to engage priority populations. Postponing creatinine testing and prioritizing PrEP delivery to clients at high HIV risk may reduce costs. Context‐specific cost data are crucial to assess the cost‐effectiveness and affordability of PrEP delivery models.
Contextual drivers of HIV risk among young African women
Authors: Mojola Sanyu A , Wamoyi Joyce 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionSignificant progress has been made in the African HIV pandemic; however, the pace of incidence decline has slowed or stalled in many East and Southern African countries, especially among young women. This stall is worrying because many countries have burgeoning youth populations. There is an important window of opportunity to halt the epidemic as well as the potential for millions more infections if primary prevention efforts are not strengthened.DiscussionMany hyper‐endemic settings have been exposed to numerous interventions; however, HIV incidence among young women has remained high. In this paper, we characterize the intervention context and examine how it can be strategically utilized to maximize HIV prevention interventions among young women. We begin by examining how contextual dynamics drive HIV risk. We illustrate how epidemiological contexts, gendered normative and economic contexts, and environmental contexts work synergistically to make young women especially vulnerable to HIV infection. We then examine how these contexts can undermine HIV prevention interventions. Finally, we discuss the importance of fully mapping out the intervention context to enhance the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions.ConclusionsUnderstanding an intervention context, and how its features work together to amplify young women's risk in hyper‐endemic settings can contribute to sustained momentum in reducing HIV incidence among young women and help to limit the reach of the HIV pandemic into new generations of Africans.
Cash plus: exploring the mechanisms through which a cash transfer plus financial education programme in Tanzania reduced HIV risk for adolescent girls and young women
Authors: Pettifor Audrey , Wamoyi Joyce , Balvanz Peter , Gichane Margaret W , Maman Suzanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionCash transfers have been promoted as a means to reduce HIV risk for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub‐Saharan Africa. One of the main mechanisms whereby they are hypothesized to reduce risk is by deterring transactional sex. In this paper, we use qualitative methods to explore participant experiences, perspectives and reported behaviours of a cash transfer plus financial education programme among out of school, 15‐ to 23‐year‐old AGYWs in rural Tanzania with a focus on partner choice and transactional sex.MethodsWe conducted 60 in‐depth interviews (IDIs) and 20 narrative timeline interviews with participants of the PEPFAR DREAMS Sauti/WORTH+ cash transfer programme between June 2017 and July 2018. Interviews were taped, transcribed and translated from Kiswahili to English. Transcripts were coded and analysed for key themes.ResultsWe found that participants in a cash transfer plus programme discussed behaviours that could reduce HIV risk through decreasing their dependence on male sex partners. There appeared to be two main mechanisms for this. One, young women discussed the cash transfer providing for basic needs (e.g. food, toiletries) which appeared to reduce their dependence on male sex partners who previously provided these goods (e.g. transactional sex). This experience was more pronounced among the poorest participants. Two, young women discussed how the financial education/business development aspect of the programme empowered them to refuse some sex partners; unmarried women discussed these experiences more than married women. Social support from family and programme mentors appeared to strengthen young women's ability to successful start businesses, produce income and thus be less dependent on partners.ConclusionsThe cash transfer programme may have reduced AGYW engagement in transactional sex that occurred to meet basic needs (one form of transactional sex). The financial education/business development and mentorship elements of the programme appeared important in building AGYW agency, self‐esteem and future orientation which may support AGYWs in refusing unwanted sex partners. Future cash plus programmes should consider adding or strengthening financial education and job skills training, mentorship and future orientation to see stronger and perhaps sustainable outcomes for HIV prevention.
Transiently elevated plasma methionine, S‐adenosylmethionine and S‐adenosylhomocysteine: Unreported laboratory findings in a patient with NGLY1 deficiency, a congenital disorder of deglycosylation
Authors: Chang Caitlin A. , Wei Xing‐Chang , Martin Steven R. , Sinasac David S. , Al‐Hertani Walla 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report on a 5‐year‐old female born to consanguineous parents, ascertained at the age of 23 months for an elevated plasma methionine level, a mildly abnormal total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), and elevated aminotransferases. She had global developmental delay, microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, hypotonia, nystagmus and tremor in her upper extremities. Metabolic investigations demonstrated elevations in plasma methionine, plasma S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) and plasma S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), with normal urine adenosine levels. Some of the elevations persisted for over 1 year. Sequencing of the ADK and AHCY genes was negative for causative variants. Plasma methionine normalized 1 year after ascertainment, but SAM and SAH continued to be elevated for six more months before normalization, and aminotransferases remained mildly elevated. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated a homozygous pathogenic variant; NM_018297.3(NGLY1):c.1405C>T (p.Arg469*) in exon 9 of the NGLY1 gene, for which both parents were heterozygous. To our knowledge, this is the first report of NGLY1 deficiency with elevations in plasma methionine, SAM and SAH and a slight elevation of tHcy. Less than 20 patients have been reported with NGLY1 deficiency worldwide and this case expands on the biochemical phenotype of this newly discovered inborn error of metabolism.
Evaluation of CMIP5 models in simulating the respective impacts of East Asian winter monsoon and ENSO on the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Feng Juan , Chen Wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article evaluates the linear isolated impacts of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the evolution of the western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) using 18 Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The independent effects of ENSO and EAWM (ENSOres and EAWMres) are obtained by removing the ENSO–EAWM interaction via linear regression. For the ENSO high‐skill (HS) models, which can well simulate an ENSO event, the anomalous WNPAC is confined to low latitudes and sustains from winter to late summer, which bears great resemblance to observational results. In contrast, the ENSO low‐skill (LS) models induce an insignificant and weak WNPAC from winter to the following summer. This is related to the simulation biases of ENSOres sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). The ENSO LS models simulate a weak and slowly decaying ENSOres. This bias can induce unreasonable evolution of the WNPAC via producing an unrealistic intensity and location of the anomalous convection activity over the western Pacific, which is the key factor for yielding an ENSOres‐related WNPAC. The observed EAWMres‐related WNPAC appears only in winter and covers a large region. The EAWM HS models, which can well simulate EAWM features, reasonably reproduce the WNPAC in winter. However, the WNPAC is significant and persists to the following summer, which is inconsistent with observations. This bias is related to the EAWMres‐induced negative SSTA bias in the tropical central Pacific from spring to summer in the EAWM HS models. In contrast, the EAWM LS models, which cannot reasonably simulate EAWM features, are unable to reproduce the WNPAC in winter and the following seasons. Among the 18 state‐of‐the‐art CMIP5 models, the CNRM‐CM5 model yields a better performance in simulating the evolution of WNPAC compared with the ENSO HS models and EAWM HS models.
Impact of the East Asian winter monsoon on tropical cyclone genesis frequency over the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApproximately one‐third of the tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the South China Sea (SCS) is observed in the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) period, and it is unclear why the frequency of the SCS TC genesis varies year by year. Based on analyses of observational and reanalysis data as well as numerical experiments, it is revealed that the intensity of the EAWM can modulate the frequency of the SCS TC genesis on the interannual timescale by altering the circulation over the SCS. During weak EAWM periods, an anomalous lower‐tropospheric cyclone can be observed over the SCS, which is accompanied by anomalous lower‐tropospheric positive relative vorticity, mid‐tropospheric ascent, and upper‐tropospheric divergence. The opposite anomalies are observed during strong EAWM periods. Consequently, approximately two more TCs are formed during weak than strong EAWM periods. These results suggest that the intensity of the EAWM may act as a potential indicator for the frequency of TC genesis over the SCS during the EAWM period.
Evaluation of the Effects of Synovial Multipotent Cells on Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Repair in a Large Animal Model of Intra‐Synovial Tendinopathy
Authors: Khan Mohammad R. , Smith Roger K. , David Frederic , Lam Richard , Hughes Gillian , De Godoy Roberta , Carr Andrew J. , Goodship Allen E. , Dudhia Jayesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntra‐synovial tendon injuries are a common orthopedic problem with limited treatment options. The synovium is a specialized connective tissue forming the inner encapsulating lining of diarthrodial joints and intra‐synovial tendons. It contains multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that render it a viable source of progenitors for tendon repair. This study evaluated the effects of autologous implantation of cells derived from normal synovium (synovial membrane cells [SMCs]) in augmenting repair in an ovine model of intra‐synovial tendon injury. For this purpose, synovial biopsies were taken from the right digital flexor tendon sheath following creation of a defect to the lateral deep digital flexor tendon. Mononuclear cells were isolated by partial enzymatic digestion and assessed for MSC characteristics. Cell tracking and tendon repair were assessed by implanting 5 × 106 cells into the digital flexor tendon sheath under ultrasound guidance with the effects evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Synovial biopsies yielded an average 4.0 × 105 ± 2.7 × 105 SMCs that exhibited a fibroblastic morphology, variable osteogenic, and adipogenic responses but were ubiquitously strongly chondrogenic. SMCs displayed high expression of CD29 with CD271NEGATIVE and MHC‐IILOW cell‐surface marker profiles, and variable expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, and MHC‐I. Implanted SMCs demonstrated engraftment within the synovium, though a lack of repair of the tendon lesion over 24 weeks was observed. We conclude healthy synovium is a viable source of multipotent cells, but that the heterogeneity of synovium underlies the variability between different SMC populations, which while capable of engraftment and persistence within the synovium exhibit limited capacity of influencing tendon repair. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:128–138, 2020
A Raman study of chalcogen species in sodalite‐group minerals from the volcanic rocks of Latium (Italy)
Authors: Della Ventura Giancarlo , Capitelli Francesco , Sbroscia Marco , Sodo Armida 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSodalite‐group minerals are silicates belonging to the zeolite group hosting in their cages a variety of cations and anions. Four mineral species of the sodalite‐group are known in nature, the main difference being connected to the identity of the chemical species in the cages, particularly the sulfur molecular arrangements. Notably, the sodalite‐group minerals show different colours; lazurite, in particular, is the main constituent of the well‐known lapis lazuli, a material used throughout the human history as a precious stone or as a blue pigment for artworks. In this paper, we exploit Raman and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to highlight an existing connection between the chalcogen species entrapped within the samples originated from the volcanic region of Latium (Italy) and their final colour. We show that Raman spectroscopy is a very valuable tool in characterizing the extraframework content in these minerals. Further, our analysis demonstrates how the blue hue of the sodalite species is related to the S3−/SO42− relative content. We finally show how most specimen are also rich in CO2, a feature addressed by combination with FTIR spectroscopy. These findings have a particular interest not only in geology, but also in Cultural Heritage studies.