bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Servant-like Lords and Heavenly Kings: Jangchup Gyeltsen and the Fifth Dalai Lama on Governance and Kingship
Authors: Gamble Ruth , Yangmotso  
Published: September 2018

Au moment du déclin du pouvoir de l’Empire Mongol au Tibet Central, au début du XIVe siècle, Jangchup Gyeltsen (Byang chub rgyal mtshan ; 1302-1364) devint le premier souverain tibétain autochtone à unifier la région après cinq cents ans. En tant que tel, Jangchup Gyeltsen joue donc un rôle fondamental dans l’histoire du Tibet et, ainsi que d’autres héros nationaux, ses représentations sont souvent récupérées dans les projets politiques et sociaux de ceux qui ont conté son histoire. L’histoire de Jangchup Gyeltsen la plus connue est celle rédigée par le Cinquième Dalai Lama, Ngawang Losang Gyatso (Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho ; 1617-1682), dans son histoire tibétaine, le Chant de la Reine du Printemps (Dpyid kyi rgyal mo’i glu
dbyangs). Dans cet ouvrage, le Cinquième Dalai Lama donne à voir Jangchup Gyeltsen comme un souverain exemplaire, comme le vainqueur qui a établi l’ordre administratif, légal et social au Tibet et le met en avant en tant que modèle de royauté. Dans son ouvrage autobiographique, Jangchup Gyeltsen se présente comme un souverain idéal mais très différent de celui décrit par le Cinquième Dalai Lama. Les conseils qu’il offre, à travers son récit de vie, sur la façon de gouverner, contrastent avec le paradigme de royauté proposé par le Cinquième Dalai Lama. Les indications que Jangchup Gyeltsen donne sont peu communes dans la littérature historique tibétaine dans le sens où elles ne se concentrent pas sur la royauté, les lois ou les cosmologies bouddhiques. Au contraire, ses conseils concernent les relations entre les souverains (khri dpon) et les serviteurs (g.yog) : selon Jangchup Gyeltsen, pour que le royaume prospère, les souverains devraient apprendre à être comme des serviteurs et leurs serviteurs devraient savoir de quelle façon bien gouverner. Dans cet article, nous comparons les paradigmes du pouvoir et du gouvernement de ces deux auteurs, Jangchup Gyeltsen et le Cinquième Dalai Lama et, à travers leurs analyses, soulignons les différentes descriptions des structures sociales tibétaines.
The Dalai Lama as the cakravarti-rāja as Manifested by the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara
Authors: 石濱 裕美子 
Published: September 2018

En 1637, le Cinquième Dalai Lama, Ngawang Losang Gyatso (Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho ; 1617-1682), octroya le titre de « Dharmarāja, Détenteur de l’enseignement » (bstan ’ǳ in chos rgyal), au Torobaiqu (1583-1655), un prince Oyirad. En 1642, Torobaiqu (mieux connu sous le nom de Güshri Qan), à son tour, offrit les terres du Tibet central au Dalai Lama. Cette année-là, trois personnes gouvernaient le Tibet : le Cinquième Dalai Lama, son régent Sönam Rapten et Güshri Qan. Après le décès de Sönam Rapten, le Cinquième Dalai Lama nomma quatre régents et, après la disparition de Torobaiqu, il donna le titre de « Roi » (bstan ’ǳin khan ou rgyal po) aux descendants directs de Güshri Qan. Ainsi, cinq régents et quatre qans furent nommés sous les règnes des Cinquième et Sixième Dalai Lamas (1642-1705). Cet article explique de quelle façon le Dalai Lama, les régents et la famille de Güshri Qan s’estimaient mutuellement et se considéraient eux-mêmes. Il montre aussi que, jusqu’en 1697, tous ceux qui étaient au pouvoir croyaient qu’au Tibet, le chef de l’église et de l’état était le cakravarti-rāja, manifestation du bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, et que le Dalai Lama incarnait cet être.
Yes, Multi-periodic Dwarfs in Upper Scorpius Are Binaries
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei , Briceño Cesar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We found that multi-periodic low-mass stars discovered by Kepler K2 in the Upper Scorpius association are close binaries with typical separations of the order of 10 au and large mass ratios. These stars were surveyed by speckle interferometry at the SOAR telescope with spatial resolution of 0.″04. Out of 129 observed targets, we resolved 70 pairs (including 16 previously known ones and three new triple systems). The distribution of projected separations of binaries with primary stars less massive than the Sun corresponds to a log-normal with median of 11.6 au and logarithmic dispersion of 0.60 dex, similar to M dwarfs in the field. Future orbits of newly discovered binaries will provide accurate measurements of masses to calibrate pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks; a tentative orbit of one previously known binary is determined here.
Dissection of the Collisional and Collisionless Mass Components in a Mini Sample of CLASH and HFF Massive Galaxy Clusters at z ≈ 0.4
Authors: Bonamigo M. , Grillo C. , Ettori S. , Caminha G. B. , Rosati P. , Mercurio A. , Munari E. , Annunziatella M. , Balestra I. , Lombardi M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present a multiwavelength study of the massive (

M

200
c

≈
(
1
–
2
)
×

10

15

M

⊙

) galaxy clusters RXC J2248.7−4431, MACS J0416.1−2403, and MACS J1206.2−0847 at z ≈ 0.4. Using the X-ray surface brightness of the clusters from the deep Chandra data to model their hot gas, we are able to disentangle this mass term from the diffuse dark matter (DM) in our new strong-lensing analysis, with approximately 50–100 secure multiple images per cluster, effectively separating the collisional and collisionless mass components of the clusters. At a radial distance of 10% of R
200c (approximately 200 kpc), we measure a projected total mass of (0.129 ± 0.001), (0.131 ± 0.001) and (0.137 ± 0.001) × M
200c, for RXC J2248, MACS J0416 and MACS J1206, respectively. These values are surprisingly similar considering the large differences in the merging configurations and, consequently, in the mass models of the clusters. Interestingly, at the same radii, the hot gas over total mass fractions differ substantially, ranging from 0.082 ± 0.001 to 0.133 ± 0.001, which reflects the various dynamical states of the clusters. Moreover, we do not find a statistically significant offset between the positions of the peak of the diffuse DM component and of the BCG in the more complex clusters of the sample. We extend the previous findings of a number of massive sub-halos that are higher than in numerical simulations to this sample of clusters. Our results highlight the importance of a proper separation of the different mass components to study the properties of DM in galaxy clusters in detail.
Constraining the Anomalous Microwave Emission Mechanism in the S140 Star-forming Region with Spectroscopic Observations between 4 and 8 GHz at the Green Bank Telescope
Authors: Abitbol Maximilian H. , Johnson Bradley R. , Jones Glenn , Dickinson Clive , Harper Stuart 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is a category of Galactic signals that cannot be explained by synchrotron, thermal dust, or optically thin free–free radiation. Spinning dust is one variety of AME that could be partially polarized and is therefore relevant for cosmic microwave background polarization studies. The Planck satellite mission identified candidate AME regions in approximately 1° patches that were found to have spectra generally consistent with spinning dust grain models. The spectra for one of these regions, G107.2+5.2, was also consistent with optically thick free–free emission because of a lack of measurements between 2 and 20 GHz. Follow-up observations were needed. Therefore, we used the C-band receiver and the Versatile Green Bank Telescope (GBT) Astronomical Spectrometer at the GBT to constrain the AME mechanism. For the study described in this paper, we produced three band-averaged maps at 4.575, 5.625, and 6.125 GHz and used aperture photometry to measure the spectral flux density in the region relative to the background. We found that if the spinning dust description is correct, then the spinning dust signal peaks at 30.9 ± 1.4 GHz, and it explains the excess emission. The morphology and spectrum together suggest the spinning dust grains are concentrated near S140, which is a star-forming region inside our chosen photometry aperture. If the AME is sourced by optically thick free–free radiation, then the region would have to contain H ii with an emission measure of

and a physical extent of

pc. This result suggests the H ii would have to be ultra- or hyper-compact to remain an AME candidate.
The QUEST–La Silla AGN Variability Survey: Connection between AGN Variability and Black Hole Physical Properties
Authors: Sánchez-Sáez P. , Lira P. , Mejía-Restrepo J. , Ho L. C. , Arévalo P. , Kim M. , Cartier R. , Coppi P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present our statistical analysis of the connection between active galactic nucleus (AGN) variability and physical properties of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). We constructed optical light curves using data from the QUEST–La Silla AGN variability survey. To model the variability, we used the structure function, among the excess variance and the amplitude from Damp Random Walk (DRW) modeling. For the measurement of SMBH physical properties, we used public spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our analysis is based on an original sample of 2345 sources detected in both SDSS and QUEST–La Silla. For 1473 of these sources we could perform a proper measurement of the spectral and variability properties, and 1348 of these sources were classified as variable (91.5%). We found that the amplitude of the variability (A) depends solely on the rest-frame emission wavelength and the Eddington ratio, where A anticorrelates with both λ
rest and L/L
Edd. This suggests that AGN variability does not evolve over cosmic time, and its amplitude is inversely related to the accretion rate. We found that the logarithmic gradient of the variability (γ) does not correlate significantly with any SMBH physical parameter, since there is no statistically significant linear regression model with an absolute value of the slope higher than 0.1. Finally, we found that the general distribution of γ measured for our sample differs from the distribution of γ obtained for light curves simulated from a DRW process. For 20.6% of the variable sources in our sample, a DRW model is not appropriate to describe the variability, since γ differs considerably from the expected value of 0.5.
The Co-evolution of Disks and Stars in Embedded Stages: The Case of the Very-low-mass Protostar IRAS 15398–3359
Authors: Okoda Yuki , Oya Yoko , Sakai Nami , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Jørgensen Jes K. , Van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We have observed the CCH (N = 3–2, J = 7/2–5/2, F = 4–3 and 3–2) and SO (67–56) emission at a 0.″2 angular resolution toward the low-mass Class 0 protostellar source IRAS 15398–3359 with ALMA. The CCH emission traces the infalling-rotating envelope near the protostar with the outflow cavity extended along the northeast–southwest axis. On the other hand, the SO emission has a compact distribution around the protostar. The CCH emission is relatively weak at the continuum peak position, while the SO emission has a sharp peak there. Although the maximum velocity shift of the CCH emission is about 1 km s−1 from the systemic velocity, a velocity shift higher than 2 km s−1 is seen for the SO emission. This high-velocity component is most likely associated with the Keplerian rotation around the protostar. The protostellar mass is estimated to be

from the velocity profile of the SO emission. With this protostellar mass, the velocity structure of the CCH emission can be explained by the model of the infalling-rotating envelope, where the radius of the centrifugal barrier is estimated to be 40 au from the comparison with the model. The disk mass evaluated from the dust continuum emission by assuming the dust temperature of 20–100 K is 0.1–0.9 times the stellar mass, resulting in the Toomre Q parameter of 0.4–5. Hence, the disk structure may be partly unstable. All these results suggest that a rotationally supported disk can form in the earliest stages of the protostellar evolution.
Biomass burning emission disturbances of isoprene oxidation in a tropical forest
Authors: Santos Fernando , Longo Karla , Guenther Alex , Kim Saewung , Gu Dasa , Oram Dave , Forster Grant , Lee James , Hopkins James , Brito Joel , Freitas Saulo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present a characterization of the chemical composition of the atmosphere
of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest based on trace gas measurements carried
out during the South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) airborne
experiment in September 2012. We analyzed the observations of primary biomass
burning emission tracers, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides
(NOx), ozone (O3), isoprene, and its main oxidation
products, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and isoprene
hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH). The focus of SAMBBA was primarily on biomass
burning emissions, but there were also several flights in areas of the Amazon
forest not directly affected by biomass burning, revealing a background with
a signature of biomass burning in the chemical composition due to long-range
transport of biomass burning tracers from both Africa and the eastern part of
Amazonia. We used the [MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] ratio
and the hydroxyl radical (OH) indirect calculation to assess the oxidative
capacity of the Amazon forest atmosphere. We compared the background regions
(CO < 150 ppbv), fresh and aged smoke plumes classified according
to their photochemical age ([O3] ∕ [CO]), to evaluate the impact
of biomass burning emissions on the oxidative capacity of the Amazon forest
atmosphere. We observed that biomass burning emissions disturb the isoprene
oxidation reactions, especially for fresh plumes
([MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] =  7) downwind. The
oxidation of isoprene is higher in fresh smoke plumes at lower altitudes
(∼ 500 m) than in aged smoke plumes, anticipating near the surface a
complex chain of oxidation reactions which may be related to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation.
We proposed a refinement of the OH calculation based on the
sequential reaction model, which considers vertical and horizontal transport
for both biomass burning regimes and background environment. Our approach for
the [OH] estimation resulted in values on the same order of magnitude of a
recent observation in the Amazon rainforest [OH] ≅ 106
(molecules cm−3). During the fresh plume regime, the vertical profile
of [OH] and the [MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] ratio showed
evidence of an increase in the oxidizing power in the transition from
planetary boundary layer to cloud layer (1000–1500 m). These high values of
[OH] (1.5 × 106 molecules cm−3) and
[MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] (7.5) indicate a significant
change above and inside the cloud decks due to cloud edge effects on
photolysis rates, which have a major impact on OH production rates.
Contribution of Governance to Ensure the Stability of Islamic Banks: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Amine Bakkeri 
Published: September 2018

The succession of crises imposed the need to establish the «Governance best practice ». This article tries to illustrate empirically the contribution of the mechanisms of the governance to ensure the stability of Islamic Financial Institutions. Using Zscore as a stability and solidity of IFI, our study focus on one sample of 30 Islamic banks taking place in 16 countries in North Africa and the Middle East shows that the size and the independence of the Board, the competence of the audit committee and the remuneration constitute the mechanisms helping to insure the stability of Islamic Financial Institutions. The duality seems to affect negatively the stability of the Islamic banks.
Estado físico-químico del suelo en pasturas con y sin maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi), URACCAN -Siuna
Authors: Márquez Chow Jeffer , Rodríguez Morales José Ángel , Marín Castellón Manuel 
Published: September 2018

El estudio fue desarrollado en un área de una manzana, propiedad del señor Marvin Calderón, localizada en la comunidad Yaoya, municipio de Siuna. El objetivo fue comparar el estado físico–químico del suelo en pasturas con y sin maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi). Es cuasi experimental pre test, post test, longitudinal y descriptivo y se utilizó la técnica observacional. Se concluye, que el Arachis pintoi es una especie que contribuye al mejoramiento de la calidad del suelo y se recomienda el uso de prácticas agronómicas antes y después de establecer el mismo. El establecimiento del Arachis pintoi y la parcela de pasto sin este, cuestan en total C$ 7,377. 00.
Kanttekeningen bij Boskalis/Fugro
Authors: Assink B.F. 
Published: September 2018

Kanttekeningen bij Boskalis/Fugro
Deze kanttekeningen bij Boskalis/Fugro omvatten de reikwijdte van artikel 2:114a BW (art. 2:224a BW), de doorwerking van Europees recht in dat verband, verdeling van bevoegdheden tussen bestuur en algemene vergadering ook aangaande beleid en strategie, en de relevantie van artikel 2:129 BW en artikel 2:107 BW ter zake.
In silico study of medical decision-making for rare diseases: heterogeneity of decision-makers in a population improves overall benefit
Authors: Wang Juan , Yamada Ryo 
Published: September 2018

Background: Medical decision-making is difficult when information is limited due to rareness. For example, there are two treatment options for patients affected by a rare disease with high lethality. The information about both treatment effects is unavailable or very limited. Patients are inclined to accept one of the interventions rather than waiting for death, but they are reluctant to be assigned the inferior one. While a single patient selects one treatment that seems better based on the limited information, he or she loses the chance to select the other treatment, which may be the better option. This is the so-called dilemma between exploitation (enjoying the benefits of using current knowledge) and exploration (taking the risk to obtain new knowledge). In clinical settings, the statistical advice for individual patients seems to be the maximum expected success rate or something equivalent and patients’ selections tend to be homogeneous, which does not solve the dilemma. In this study, our aim is to investigate the effects of the heterogeneity of decision-makers in the decision process.
Methods: Here, we proposed a decision strategy that introduced the heterogeneity of decision-makers by considering patients’ self-decisions where the patients’ heterogeneous attitudes towards the treatment are integrated into the probabilistic utility function based on the Beta Bayesian posterior. Based on the context of two-armed bandit treatment options with limited information, we compared the overall success rate of treatment between our heterogeneous decision strategy and a homogeneous decision strategy that is defined to select the treatment with the largest posterior mean.
Results: The heterogeneity of decision-makers in a population improved the overall benefit of treatment under some conditions.
Discussion: In clinical settings, there exists heterogeneity of decision-making among patients. Our study investigated a targeting strategy by respecting the self-decision of all individuals and found that the heterogeneity of decision-making can improve the overall benefit under some conditions. In addition, this outperformance may suggest that heterogeneity of decision-making is of importance to human beings. Besides the ethical merit, our findings provide meaningful ideas for better strategies towards decision-making dilemmas in clinical settings for rare diseases or cases where only limited information is available. It would be further suggested to investigate the effects of heterogeneity of decision-making in other fashions, such as genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic heterogeneity.
New Compact Microstrip Filters Based on Quasi Fractal Resonator
Authors: Mezaal Y. S. , Saleh H. H. , Al-saedi H. 
Published: September 2018

This paper presents new microstrip devices as single band bandpass and multi band bandstop filters. The proposed filters use slotted patch microstrip resonator based on quasi fractal geometry, simulated by AWR12 software package. Both filters have quasi elliptic frequency response, designed at centre frequency of 2.437 GHz for bandpass filter and at band frequencies of 2.434, 4.032, 4.976 and 5.638 GHz GHz respectively, for multi bandstop filter. All filters are employed using RT/Duroid 6010.8 LM substrate of dielectric constant and 1.27 mm dielectric thickness. Simulation results show that the designed quasi fractal bandpass filter has very narrow fractional bandwidth of 0.38 % which is very rare in microstrip filter design. On the other hand, the projected bandstop filter offers multi narrow rejection bands that is useful in broadband wireless schemes influencing from fixed interferences. Both filters present satisfactory S11 and S21 responses besides smallness properties that stand for interesting features of the newest wireless applications. The simulated and measured frequency responses for both designed filters are in good agreement.
Coadministration of intramuscular olanzapine and benzodiazepines in agitated patients with mental illness
Authors: Williams Andrew M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Intramuscular antipsychotics are commonly used to manage agitated patients. In 2005, Eli Lilly placed a warning on olanzapine's prescribing information following post-marketing reports of fatal drug reactions when intramuscular olanzapine was used in the setting of benzodiazepines. Data is lacking examining this drug combination.

Methods:
A medication use evaluation was conducted at a county psychiatric hospital surveying the usage of concomitant intramuscular olanzapine and lorazepam from October 1, 2016, to July 20, 2017. A literature search was conducted to review available evidence.

Results:
Ninety-one instances of the drug combination were discovered, with no serious adverse events following administration. Of these 91 patients, 41 received both medications within 60 minutes of each other. No instances of hypotension, bradycardia, bradypnea, or oxygen desaturation occurred following administration. The literature review yielded 1 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 3 retrospective chart reviews, and several case studies.

Discussion:
Data detailing a causal relationship between olanzapine/benzodiazepine combinations and serious adverse effects is lacking. Available evidence does not consistently support a strong cause and effect relationship. The results of this medication use evaluation are not consistent with the Food and Drug Administration warning. Further controlled research is needed to help define the actual risk of using concomitant intramuscular olanzapine and benzodiazepines.
Utilization of G-CSF and GM-CSF as an alternative to discontinuation in clozapine-induced neutropenia or leukopenia: A case report and discussion
Authors: Karst Allison , Lister Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Clozapine remains the definitive gold standard for treatment-resistant schizophrenia despite limitations in use because of hematological abnormalities. Neutropenia or leukopenia are often treated with interruption of clozapine treatment, frequently resulting in clinical decompensation, hospitalization, increased burden to patient care, and increased risk of suicide. Colony-stimulating factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factors and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors, are cytokines that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of myeloid precursor cells. Their use in the prevention and treatment of clozapine-associated neutropenia presents an alternative to clozapine discontinuation in certain cases. We present a case report of successful periodic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor use with clozapine in a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, as well as discussion of a practical approach to patients with possible clozapine-induced neutropenia or leukopenia.