bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating PsychEd: a mental health and well-being educational programme for secondary schools
Authors: Pittock Alexandra , Meagher Laura , Lawrie Stephen M. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundYoung people's mental health and well-being is an important concern in the UK. Provision of education and support to schools has been highlighted as an area for improvement; however, evidence-based programmes are scarce and costly.AimsTo provide an acceptable education programme to improve pupils' confidence and knowledge of mental health and well-being. It covered the mental and emotional well-being outcomes set by the Scottish Government in their schools' curriculum.MethodLessons were designed by A.P. and delivered by volunteer doctors and medical students, and supervised by a psychiatrist. Outcomes were measured using questionnaires before and after lessons with optional comments.ResultsPsychEd was piloted in 2016 in six schools to pupils between the ages of 11 and 18. There was a statistically significant improvement in pupil confidence and knowledge after the lessons (P < 0.001). Of the pupils 84% felt that having lessons on mental health was useful. Qualitative feedback was also collected and coded into positive, constructive and negative comments. In total, 72% of pupil comments were positive.ConclusionsPsychEd showed promising results. Future areas of development include reaching a greater number of local authority schools, longer training for volunteers and provision of teaching materials to teachers for their own use.Declaration of interestNone.
Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Low-Dose Tamoxifen to Prevent Local and Contralateral Recurrence in Breast Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: DeCensi Andrea , Puntoni Matteo , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Caviglia Silvia , Avino Franca , Cortesi Laura , Taverniti Cristiana , Pacquola Maria Grazia , Falcini Fabio , Gulisano Marcella , Digennaro Maria , Cariello Anna , Cagossi Katia , Pinotti Graziella , Lazzeroni Matteo , Serrano Davide , Branchi Daniela , Campora Sara , Petrera Marilena , Buttiron Webber Tania , Boni Luca , Bonanni Bernardo 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE Tamoxifen administered for 5 years at 20 mg/d is effective in breast cancer treatment and prevention, but toxicity has limited its broad use. Biomarker trials showed that 5 mg/d is not inferior to 20 mg/d in decreasing breast cancer proliferation. We hypothesized that a lower dose given for a shorter period could be as effective in preventing recurrence from breast intraepithelial neoplasia but have a lower toxicity than the standard dose. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a multicenter randomized trial of tamoxifen, 5 mg/d or placebo administered for 3 years after surgery in women with hormone-sensitive or unknown breast intraepithelial neoplasia, including atypical ductal hyperplasia and lobular or ductal carcinoma in situ. The primary end point was the incidence of invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ. RESULTS Five hundred women 75 years of age or younger were included. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years (interquartile range, 3.9-6.3 years), there were 14 neoplastic events with tamoxifen and 28 with placebo (11.6 v 23.9 per 1,000 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92; P = .02), which resulted in a 5-year number needed to treat of 22 (95% CI, 20 to 27). Tamoxifen decreased contralateral breast events by 75% (three v 12 events; hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.88; P = .02). Patient-reported outcomes were not different between arms except for a slight increase in frequency of daily hot flashes with tamoxifen ( P = .02). There were 12 serious adverse events with tamoxifen and 16 with placebo, including one deep vein thrombosis and one stage I endometrial cancer with tamoxifen and one pulmonary embolism with placebo. CONCLUSION Tamoxifen at 5 mg/d for 3 years can halve the recurrence of breast intraepithelial neoplasia with a limited toxicity, which provides a new treatment option in these disorders.
Association of Area Deprivation and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Readmissions: Comparative Risk Analysis of Adults vs Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Everett Estelle , Mathioudakis Nestoras 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is associated with mortality in adults and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to evaluate the association of area deprivation and other patient factors with recurrent DKA in pediatric patients compared with adults.

Research Design and Methods
This cross-sectional study used the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission’s database to identify patients with T1D admitted for DKA between 2012 and 2017. Area deprivation and other variables were obtained from the first DKA admission of the study period. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of DKA readmissions. Interactions (Ints) evaluated differences among the groups.

Results
There were 732 pediatric and 3305 adult patients admitted with DKA. Area deprivation was associated with higher odds of readmission in pediatric patients than in adults. Compared with the least deprived, moderately deprived pediatric patients had an OR of 7.87-(95% CI, 1.02 to 60.80) compared with no change in odds in adults for four or more readmissions (Pint < 0.01). Similar odds were observed in the most deprived pediatric patients, which differed significantly from the OR of 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16 to 4.25) in adults (Pint of 0.2). Moreover, increasing age, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and discharge against medical advice conferred a high odds for four or more readmissions in pediatric patients compared with adults.

Conclusion
Area deprivation was predictive of recurrent DKA admissions, with a more pronounced influence in pediatric than adult patients with T1D. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and address disparities specific to each population.
New Method of Destroying Waste Anesthetic Gases Using Gas-Phase Photochemistry
Authors: Rauchenwald Verena , Rollins Mark D. , Ryan Susan M. , Voronov Alex , Feiner John R. , Šarka Karolis , Johnson Matthew S. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:
The inhalation anesthetics are potent greenhouse gases. To reduce the global environmental impact of the health care sector, technologies are sought to limit the release of waste anesthetic gas into the atmosphere.

METHODS:
Using a photochemical exhaust gas destruction system, removal efficiencies for nitrous oxide, desflurane, and sevoflurane were measured at various inlet concentrations (25% and 50%; 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0%; and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively) with flow rates ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 L/min. To evaluate the economic competitiveness of the anesthetic waste gas destruction system, its price per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent was calculated and compared to other greenhouse gas abatement technologies and current market prices.

RESULTS:
All inhaled anesthetics evaluated demonstrate enhanced removal efficiencies with decreasing flow rates (P < .0001). Depending on the anesthetic and its concentration, the photochemical exhaust gas destruction system exhibits a constant first-order removal rate, k. However, there was not a simple relation between the removal rate k and the species concentration. The costs for removing a ton of carbon dioxide equivalents are <$0.005 for desflurane, <$0.114 for sevoflurane, and <$49 for nitrous oxide.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on this prototype study, destroying sevoflurane and desflurane with this photochemical anesthetic waste gas destruction system design is efficient and cost-effective. This is likely also true for other halogenated inhalational anesthetics such as isoflurane. Due to differing chemistry of nitrous oxide, modifications of this prototype photochemical reactor system are necessary to improve its removal efficiency for this gas.
Transfer Learning Effects of Biofeedback Running Retraining in Untrained Conditions
Authors: ZHANG JANET HANWEN , CHAN ZOE YAU-SHAN , AU IVAN PUI-HUNG , AN WINKO WENKANG , SHULL PETER BRADLEY , CHEUNG ROY TSZ-HEI 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Running gait retraining via peak tibial shock biofeedback has been previously shown to reduce impact loading and mitigate running-related symptoms. In previous research, peak tibial shock is typically measured and trained for one limb at a single constant training speed during all training sessions. The goal of this study was to determine how runners transfer learning in the trained limb to the untrained limb at different unconstrained speeds.

Methods
Thirteen runners (3 females, age = 41.1 ± 6.9 yr, running experience = 6.8 ± 4.4 yr, weekly running distance = 30.7 ± 22.2 km) underwent running gait biofeedback retraining via continuous tibial acceleration measured at the right distal tibia. Before and after the training, participants were asked to run at their self-selected constrained training speeds (2.8 ± 0.2 m·s−1) and at 110% and 90% of the training speed. Pretraining and posttraining peak tibial shock values for each limb were compared.

Results
Participants reduced peak tibial shock in the trained limb by 35% to 37% (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.78–0.85), and in the untrained limb by 20% to 23% (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.51–0.71) across the three testing speeds. The reduction was not significantly different between the trained and untrained limbs (P = 0.31–0.79, Cohen’s d = 0.18–0.45). Similarly, there was no difference in peak tibial shock reduction among the three running speeds (P = 0.48–0.61, Cohen’s d = 0.06–0.45).

Conclusion
Participants demonstrated transfer learning effects evidenced by concomitant reduced peak tibial shock in the untrained limb, and the learning effects were retrained when running at a 10% variance of the training speed.
Teaching Analytical Textual Activity of Children for Skills Formation in Creating Their Own Texts
Authors: Васильевых И. , Vasil'evyh I. 
Published: April 2019

The article, based on data from a survey conducted among primary school teachers and language teachers, analyzes the problem of ensuring continuity in teaching analytical textual activity of schoolchildren. Mastering the skills of analytical work with text by schoolchildren is considered as the most important condition for their ability to create their own texts. The author suggests approaches to the content of text-based learning, characterizes the stages of organizing the work of a teacher in developing the skills of independent creation of written statements by younger
schoolchildren.
Alternative Approaches to Comparative nth-Degree Risk Aversion
Authors: Liu Liqun , Neilson William S. 
Published: April 2019

This paper extends the three main approaches to comparative risk aversion—the risk premium approach and the probability premium approach of Pratt (1964) [Risk aversion in the small and in the large. Econometrica 32(1-2):122–136] and the comparative statics approach of Jindapon and Neilson (2007) [Higher-order generalizations of Arrow-Pratt and Ross risk aversion: A comparative statics approach. J. Econom. Theory 136(1):719–728]—to study comparative nth-degree risk aversion. These extensions can accommodate trading off an nth-degree risk increase and an mth-degree risk increase for any m, such that [Formula: see text]. It goes on to show that, in the expected utility framework, all of these general notions of comparative nth-degree risk aversion are equivalent and can be characterized by the concept of (n/m)th-degree Ross more risk aversion of Liu and Meyer (2013) [Substituting one risk increase for another: A method for measuring risk aversion. J. Econom. Theory 148(6):2706–2718]. This paper was accepted by Han Bleichrodt, decision analysis.
Predicting Risk Perception: New Insights from Data Science
Authors: Bhatia Sudeep 
Published: April 2019

We outline computational techniques for predicting perceptions of risk. Our approach uses the structure of word distribution in natural language data to uncover rich representations for a very large set of naturalistic risk sources. With the application of standard machine learning techniques, we are able to accurately map these representations onto participant risk ratings. Unlike existing methods in risk perception research, our approach does not require any specialized participant data and is capable of generalizing its learned mappings to make quantitative predictions for novel (out-of-sample) risks. Our approach is also able to quantify the strength of association between risk sources and a very large set of words and concepts and, thus, can be used to identify the cognitive and affective factors with the strongest relationship with risk perception and behavior.This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, accounting.
Risk shocks with time-varying higher moments
Authors: Dorofeenko Victor , Lee Gabriel , Salyer Kevin , Strobel Johannes 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Within the context of a financial accelerator model, we model time-varying uncertainty (i.e. risk shocks) through the use of a mixture normal model with time variation in the weights applied to the underlying distributions characterizing entrepreneur productivity. Specifically, we model capital producers (i.e. the entrepreneurs) as either low-risk (a relatively small second moment of productivity) or high-risk (a relatively large second moment of productivity) and the fraction of both types is time-varying. We show that this modeling feature implies that the aggregate distribution of productivity shocks is non-normal and has time varying kurtosis and skewness; both of these features have important effects on equilibrium characteristics. In particular, after estimating the steady-state share and the change in the fraction of risky entrepreneurs, we show that a small change in the fraction of risky types can result in a large quantitative effect of a risk shock relative to standard models for both financial and real variables. Moreover, the bankruptcy rate and the risk premium in the economy are very sensitive to a change in the composition of entrepreneurs.
Redewiedergabe in Online-Pressetexten – kontrastiv
Authors: Pitz Anneliese , Solfjeld Kåre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article looks into what structures are used to report longer sequences of speech in German, English and Norwegian online press media. In German the subjunctive is used to signal speech report, and so there is a wider range of structural possibilities in German than in English and Norwegian, which have no counterparts to the subjunctive. The study is corpus-based and identifies and compares recurring patterns in reported sequences in the three languages, as well as type and range of verbs of utterance. The concept of syntactical integration of the reported speech and markers of report (Leistner 2016) is central. The study shows that also in the two languages without subjunctive the source of a text part is in general clear: The reader knows whether the text part stems from the journalist or from a reported person. The structural variety in German is outweighed by long sequences of direct speech in English and Norwegian, unambiguously identified as report. This seems to entail a stronger obligation to the wording of the original in English and Norwegian than in German, which on the other hand displays a stronger structural variation.
Choque de paradigmas: análisis a las prohibiciones de Tamburini y Retz a diversas tesis modernas
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Juan Camilo , Pérez Bedoya Jhonatan 
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comentar algunas prohibiciones del padre Miguel Ángel de Tamburini y del padre Francisco Retz (dos filósofos escolásticos modernos) explicando los conceptos fundamentales de dichas prohibiciones a través de un método analítico y relacionándolos posteriormente bajo un método sintético con los argumentos presentados. Esto último permitirá realizar una reconstrucción de las prohibiciones cuyo ensamble se consolidará en argumentos breves. Asimismo, evaluar cuáles pueden ser las causas o los fundamentos que subyacen en las prohibiciones mismas, es decir, evaluar las causas de su veto. Finalmente, determinar las implicaciones filosóficas de las prohibiciones desde Descartes, Leibniz y Spinoza y sus correspondientes visiones de la Creación, la voluntad, el determinismo y el principio de individuación.
Crítica marxista de la religión
Authors: Fajardo Pascagaza Ernesto 
Published: April 2019

Esta ponencia tiene como objetivo presentar la crítica que hace Marx a la religión a partir de tres variables de análisis. La primera, el lugar de la religión en el sistema marxista teniendo como referentes la crítica filosófica de la religión, la crítica política de la filosofía y de la religión y la crítica materialista de la filosofía , la religión y la política. La segunda, la actualidad de la crítica de la religión a partir de la recepción crítica de la crítica marxista de la religión y las consecuencias del fracaso del comunismo. Y la tercera, los desafíos del marxismo a la existencia y la conciencia religiosa por una nueva cultura política a partir de una pregunta nueva sobre la verdad, un redescubrimiento de la historia y la mirada sobre la figura del pobre-proletario, sujeto universal de la historia.
Cuci tangan sebagai faktor risiko kejadian ventilator associated pneumonia di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2012
Authors: Azis Abdul , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Merati Ketut Tuti Parwati 
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) merupakan infeksi nosokomial pada saluran napas bawah pasien dengan ventilator >48 jam di ruang terapi intensif (RTI). Angka VAP di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2012 adalah sebesar 15,48 per 1000 hari pemakaian masih melebihi standar nasional 10 per 1000 hari pemakaian. Faktor risiko penjamu, pemakaian alat medis dan perilaku petugas, termasuk perilaku cuci tangan berperan dalam kejadian VAP. Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kontrol, dengan perbandingan 1:2 (27 kasus dan 54 kontrol). Kasus adalah yang didiagnosis dokter sebagai VAP, dan kontrol adalahÂ yang didiagnosis selain VAP, yang dimiripkan berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Responden adalah dokter dan perawat yang paling sering merawat kasus dan kontrol. Data kasus, kontrol, serta responden bersumber dari rekam medik tahun 2012. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur dan pengkajian rekam medis. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan chi square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Karakteristik kasus dan kontrol komparabel dalam hal umur, jenis kelamin, diagnosis, obat-obatan, kesadaran, frekuensi intubasi, frekuensi penggantian sirkuit ventilator dan frekuensi penggantian nasogastric tube. Faktor risiko kejadian VAP adalah cuci tangan petugas (OR 6,11; 95%CI: 1,54-24,25), lama rawat (OR 4,18; 95%CI: 1,36-12,81) dan penyakit penyerta (OR 4,22; 95%CI: 0,98-18,25). Perawat berkontribusi terhadap kejadian VAP dengan OR=4,69 (95%CI: 1,22-18,08). Dalam praktek 5 momen mencuci tangan, kepatuhan dokter paling rendah yaitu mencuci tangan sebelum melakukan tindakan aseptik sebesar 45,1% pada kasus dan 66,3% pada kontrol. Perilaku cuci tangan petugas berkontribusi terhadap kejadian VAP sehingga perlu ditindaklanjuti dengan promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan petugas dalam cuci tangan sesuai standar.
Faktor risiko balita stunting usia 12-36 bulan di Puskesmas Dasan Agung, Mataram, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Najahah Imtihanatun , Adhi Kadek Tresna , Pinatih Gede Ngurah Indraguna 
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Prevalensi stunting di Kota Mataram, Provinsi NTB sebesar 37,17%. Salah satu puskesmas yang ada di Kota Mataram adalah Puskesmas Dasan Agung memiliki prevalensi balita stunting sebesar 27,28%, sehingga perlu dikaji faktor risiko balita stunting usia 12-36 bulan di Puskesmas Dasan Agung. Disain penelitian adalah cross sectional, dengan besar sampel 158 balita. Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah balita stunting dan variabel bebas adalah status sosial ekonomi, tinggi badan ibu, usia pertama ibu menikah, tingkat pendidikan ibu, kunjungan ANC, berat badan lahir, ASI eksklusif, pemberian MPASI, urutan anak dan pengasuh anak. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dan pengukuran antropometri. Instrumen yang digunakan modifikasi kuesioner RISKESDAS dan SUSENAS I ibu hamil, microtoise dan infantometer. Analisis data dilakukan secara bertahap meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat (chi-square) dan multivariatÂ (regresi logistik). Prevalensi balita stunting 48,1%. Dari hasil uji bivariat ada enam variabel yang meningkatkan faktor risiko yaitu status sosial ekonomi OR=2,83 (95%CI: 1,35-5,94), tinggi badan ibu OR=3,37 (95%CI: 1,69-6,72), kunjungan ANC OR=2,3 (95%CI: 1,21-4,36), berat badan lahir OR=20,47 (95%CI: 1,16-354,25), ASI eksklusif OR=4,94 (95%CI 2,51-9,74) dan pemberian MPASI OR=6,38 (95%CI: 3,18-12,78), sedangkan variabel usia pertama ibu menikah, tingkat pendidikan ibu, urutan anak dan pengasuh anak tidak terbukti meningkatkan fakor risiko. Pada analisis multivariat variabel yang dominan adalah pemberian MPASI OR=7,4 (95%CI: 1,54-34,97), tinggi badan ibu OR=2,9 (95%CI 1,27-6,42) dan kunjungan ANC OR=2,4 (95%CI: 1,09-5,19). Perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan melalui perbaikan asupan gizi mulai dari remaja putri, wanita usia subur, ibu hamil maupun pada balita.
Analisis kesehatan di Kota Mataram tahun 2011: suatu penerapan Bryant method
Authors: Khulaila Aini , Utama Made , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung 
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Dana upaya kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Mataram adalah sejumlah Rp. 39.868.095.387,- atau 3,9% dari total APBD. Angka ini lebih kecil dari proporsi pembiayaan kesehatan yang diharapkan dalam Undang Undang Kesehatan sebesar 5% APBD. Penentuan prioritas masalah ini dengan melibatkan penentu kebijakan Dinas Kesehatan yaitu Kepala Bidang P3PPL, Kepala Bidang Kesehatan Keluarga, Kepala Seksi P2B2, Kepala Seksi Penyehatan Lingkungan dan stafÂ surveilan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Bulan Januari-Juli 2012, melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan metode Bryant. Pengumpulan data sekunder bersumber dari Dinas Kesehatan, BPS dan Bappeda Kota Mataram yaitu kependudukan, ekonomi, sosial budaya, mata pencaharian, kesehatan dan pemerintahan. Data dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan dalam bentuk ringkasan masalah kesehatan kemudian melakukan klarifikasi data. Hasil penentuan prioritas masalah kesehatan di Kota Mataram tahun 2012 adalah demam berdarah dengue, selanjutnya secara berurutan adalah HIV/AIDS, TB paru, ISPA, hipertensi, diare dan kecelakaan lalu lintas. Keterbatasan waktu para pemegang kebijakan untuk berdiskusi serta kelengkapan dan akurasi data merupakan hambatan utama dalam penelitian ini. Disarankan agar melakukan upaya peningkatan kualitas data program dan memanfaatkan semua sumber data yang ada (dinas kesehatan, rumah sakit pemerintah ataupun swasta, klinik) sehingga data yang tersedia dapat menggambarkan situasi kesehatan masyarakat yang sebenarnya. Penentuan masalah kesehatan prioritas perlu melibatkan semuaÂ stakeholder, sehingga pembahasan yang dilakukan dapat menghasilkan perencanaan yang lebih baik dalam menanggulangi masalah kesehatan.