bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D’Aichi à Montréal : coup de projecteur sur le nouveau Cadre mondial de la biodiversité
à l’horizon 2030
Authors: Ait-Aissi Paillon Nora 
Published: November 2024

La 15e réunion de la Conférence des Parties à la Convention sur la
diversité biologique qui s’est tenue à Montréal en décembre 2022 a abouti à l’adoption
d’un nouveau plan stratégique à l’horizon 2030, intitulé Cadre mondial de la
biodiversité Kunming-Montréal. Prenant le relais des Objectifs d’Aichi venus à
échéance en 2020, ce programme d’action, accueilli dans un climat d’euphorie, cristallise
tous les espoirs quant à la mise en oeuvre de politiques nationales ambitieuses et intégrées
susceptibles de répondre aux multiples défis concourants au déclin de la biodiversité. Axé
sur une plus grande reconnaissance des droits humains et ceux des communautés autochtones
ainsi que sur une approche de travail participative et inclusive, le nouveau cadre mondial
doit favoriser la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable et nous permettre de
vivre en harmonie avec la nature d’ici 2050. Dans le cadre de la présente contribution,
l’auteure explore les potentialités et les faiblesses, de nature factuelle et juridique,
entourant la réalisation des objectifs et des cibles multisectorielles autour desquelles
s’articule ce cadre mondial.
Effect of Feeding Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Powder on Body Weight of Konkan Kanyal Kids
Authors: Sawant Dwij , Mayekar A. J. , Mhetre Akash , Prasade N. N. , Ramod S. S. , Bansode P. B. , Rangel Ryan , Patil Nitishkumar , Abhale Shubham 
Published: November 2024

An experimental trial was carried out to assess the impact of feeding ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder on the body weight of Konkan Kanyal kids. Twenty kids were selected and divided into five treatment groups using a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with each treatment further subdivided into four replications. All animals received a complete feed consisting of mulato grass, jowar kadabi, and a concentrate mixture. Treatment T1 served as the control with no ginger powder supplementation, while treatments T2, T3, T4, and T5 were supplemented with 3.0 g, 6.0 g, 9.0 g, and 12.0 g of ginger powder, respectively. The trial lasted for 90 days. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight in treatment T5 which was supplemented with 12 g ginger powder than T4 T3, T2 and T1, after 90 days of ginger powder feeding. From present study it showed that feeding of ginger powder @ 12 gm improved about 18% body weight of Konkan Kanyal kids than control.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Earthing Up Practices in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Tekulu Kinfe , Berhe Tewolde 
Published: November 2024

To increase groundnut yields, integrated agronomic techniques must be implemented. The current study focuses on using starter nitrogen fertilizer in conjunction with earthing up for groundnut cultivation. Three replications and a factorial combination were used in the complete randomized block design of the experiment. Two types of earthing up (no earthing up and earthing up) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 30, and 45 kg ha-1) were used in the treatment combinations. For each of the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 experimental sites, two undisturbed and two disturbed composite soil samples were collected at a depth of 20 cm before sowing. The data analysis showed that neither the combination application of N fertilizer and earthing up nor the individual independent applications of N fertilizer and earthing up had a significant effect on groundnut flowering and maturity. Groundnut plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, and haulm yields were not significantly affected by earthing up alone or by the co-application of nitrogen fertilizer and earthing up. On the other hand, the exclusive use of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected groundnut plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, and haulm yield. Applying 45 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer to the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 trial sites enhanced the haulm yield by 70.53% and 78.76%, respectively, compared to the unfertilized plots. Individual applications of nitrogen fertilizer, earthing up, or a combination of both had a significant effect on groundnut pod and kernel yields. In comparison to plots that received a combined application of 45 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and earthing up, the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 trial sites exhibited increases in pod yields of 57.73% and 55.97%, respectively, when earthing up was combined with 15 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. In the same way, applying 15 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer to the earthing-up soil in the Hamedo 1 and Hamedo 2 experimental sites boosted the kernel yields by 70.05% and 75.43%, respectively, in comparison to soil earthing-up plots that received 45 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The findings of the economic and agronomic analyses showed that applying nitrogen fertilizer and earthing up together greatly increases groundnut yields and revenues. Therefore, to increase groundnut yields and receive more financial advantages, farmers can consider the combined application of 15 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and earthing-up.
Evaluation of the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Three Selected Plants in Guyana
Authors: Ally-Charles Bibi , Tyrell Ede , Dey Basil , Jeeboo Karishma , Hutson Andrew , Vanlewin Obena , Abrams Charlan , Hatton Jamain 
Published: November 2024

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the leaf extracts of three commonly used medicinal plants in Guyana, namely Brassica juncea (mustard), Struchium sparganophora (antsbush), and Psidium guajava (guava), for their total antioxidant capacity.
Study Design: Experimental-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were performed at the chemistry laboratory in the Faculty of Natural Sciences and the main laboratory in the College of Medical Sciences at the University of Guyana from September 2022 to August 2023.
Methodology: The leaves of these plants were collected, washed, and air-dried at 280C for approximately one month, then pulverised in a sterilised food processor. Leaf extracts were then obtained by maceration with various solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol; followed by filtration and rotary evaporation. The extracts obtained were then subjected to total antioxidant quantification via the phosphomolybdate method using a spectrophotometer. The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts was expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents.
Results: Antioxidant activity was seen for all the extracts but in varying quantities. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed for the P. guajava extracts with a mean of 5.2 mg/mL. The least activity was observed for the S. sparganophora extracts, with a mean of 0.9 mg/mL. The ethanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity (10.6 mg/mL for P. guajava; 2.5 mg/mL for B. juncea). The hexane extracts had the least (0.33 mg/mL for P. guajava; 0.24 mg/mL for B. juncea).
Conclusion: The leaves of B. juncea, S. sparganophora, and P. guajava have antioxidant capacity but those of P. guajava have greater potential for use as complementary and alternative treatments for chronic diseases.
Evaluation of Genetic Variability for Yield and Associated Traits in Breeding Lines Derived from the Cross RNR-15048 × Tunga
Authors: N Mounika , B Manjunatha , S. K. Shashikala , I. H. Basavaraj , F. C. Rudragowda 
Published: November 2024

Aims: To evaluate the genetic variability of 45 rice breeding lines for 12 quantitative and 2 qualitative traits, aiming to identify and enhance traits that contribute to improved crop yield and nutritional quality in rice.
Study Design: The experiment was carried out in Randomised Complete Block Design with two replications.
Place and Duration of Study: During kharif 2023 at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere, Davangere.
Methodology: The research utilized 45 breeding lines resulting from the cross RNR15048 × Tunga, sourced from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture Shimoga, along with 5 checks. Data was recorded and analyzed statistically using R software.
Results: The significant differences among the breeding lines identified through the analysis of variance highlight the potential for selecting superior genotypes within the studied rice breeding lines. High to moderate values of the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) suggest that there is substantial genetic diversity for the traits evaluated, indicating a promising opportunity for genetic improvement through selective breeding.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of focusing yield improvement programs on specific traits, including plant height, number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle, test weight, protein content, and overall grain yield. Emphasizing these traits is essential for enhancing the productivity and nutritional value of rice, ultimately supporting food security efforts.
Aging related cognitive changes associated with Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome
Authors: Firth Nicholas C. , Startin Carla M. , Hithersay Rosalyn , Hamburg Sarah , Wijeratne Peter A. , Mok Kin Y. , Hardy John , Alexander Daniel C. ,   The LonDownS Consortium, Strydom André 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an extremely high genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the course of cognitive decline associated with progression to dementia is ill‐defined. Data‐driven methods can estimate long‐term trends from cross‐sectional data while adjusting for variability in baseline ability, which complicates dementia assessment in those with DS.MethodsWe applied an event‐based model to cognitive test data and informant‐rated questionnaire data from 283 adults with DS (the largest study of cognitive functioning in DS to date) to estimate the sequence of cognitive decline and individuals’ disease stage.ResultsDecline in tests of memory, sustained attention/motor coordination, and verbal fluency occurred early, demonstrating that AD in DS follows a similar pattern of change to other forms of AD. Later decline was found for informant measures. Using the resulting staging model, we showed that adults with a clinical diagnosis of dementia and those with APOE 3:4 or 4:4 genotype were significantly more likely to be staged later, suggesting that the model is valid.InterpretationOur results identify tests of memory and sustained attention may be particularly useful measures to track decline in the preclinical/prodromal stages of AD in DS whereas informant‐measures may be useful in later stages (i.e. during conversion into dementia, or postdiagnosis). These results have implications for the selection of outcome measures of treatment trials to delay or prevent cognitive decline due to AD in DS. As clinical diagnoses are generally made late into AD progression, early assessment is essential.
Pallidal deep brain stimulation and intraoperative neurophysiology for treatment of poststroke hemiballism
Authors: Ramirez‐Zamora Adolfo , Eisinger Robert S. , Haider Sameah A. , Youn Youngwon , Shin Damian , Molho Eric S. , Pilitsis Julie G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDeep brain stimulation is a recognized and effective treatment for several movement disorders. Nevertheless, the efficacy of this intervention on abnormal movements secondary to structural brain pathologies is less consistent. In this report, we describe a case of hemiballism–hemichorea due to a peripartum ischemic stroke‐treated with deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus. Patient observed marked improvement in her symptoms at long‐term follow‐up. Neurophysiologic data revealed lower globus pallidus internus firing rates compared to other hyperkinetic disorders. Pallidal deep brain stimulation is a plausible option for medically refractory hemiballism–hemichorea and cumulative data from multiple centers may be used to fully evaluate its efficacy.
Serum neurofilament light chain is increased in hereditary spastic paraplegias
Authors: Wilke Carlo , Rattay Tim W. , Hengel Holger , Zimmermann Milan , Brockmann Kathrin , Schöls Ludger , Kuhle Jens , Schüle Rebecca , Synofzik Matthis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBlood biomarkers are still largely missing in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). We here explored Neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker in HSP. Serum NfL was assessed in 96 HSP (63 genetically confirmed), 96 healthy control, and 33 ALS subjects by single molecule array (Simoa). Compared to controls, NfL was increased in HSP (P < 0.001), correlating with cross‐sectional disease progression (ρ = 0.28). Levels were lower than in ALS (P < 0.001), allowing to differentiate HSP from ALS (AUC = 0.91). Serum NfL might serve as a biomarker in HSP indicating neuronal damage and, if confirmed longitudinally, disease progression. It might also support differentiating HSP from ALS.
Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Skin in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santiago Tânia , Santiago Mariana , Ruaro Barbara , Salvador Maria João , Cutolo Maurizio , da Silva J. A. P. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the use of ultrasound to assess skin involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsWe conducted a systemic review of the literature on PubMed Medline and Embase, using the vocabulary terms (“systemic sclerosis OR scleroderma”) AND (“ultrasonography” OR “elasticity imaging techniques”) AND (“skin” OR “dermis”). Two independent reviewers selected articles, collected data from studies, and carried out a manual search of the references from the studies included. This search was further enhanced by a review of bibliographic references extrapolated from these studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project system.ResultsA total of 30 studies were identified, enrolling 1,171 SSc patients, predominantly middle‐aged (mean age 55.5 years) females (88.8%). The ultrasound skin measurements that were reported included thickness in 28 studies and/or echogenicity (7 studies), and/or stiffness (6 studies), and/or vascularity (1 study). The main comparator was the global and site‐specific modified Rodnan skin thickness score. Reported interrater and intrarater reproducibility appeared to be excellent, but this reproducibility was assessed by a small number of studies. Moreover, there were no published evaluations of construct or criterion validity of skin ultrasound assessment. The responsiveness to change of ultrasound elastography has not been assessed.ConclusionPublished reports have strong limitations and are highly heterogeneous, hindering the evidence to support the use of skin ultrasound assessment in clinical practice. Further studies, with modern devices and appropriate methodology, are needed to establish the real value of skin ultrasound assessment in the early diagnosis and monitoring of SSc patients.
Brain Correlates of Continuous Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis as Measured by Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling
Authors: Lee Yvonne C. , Fine Alexander , Protsenko Ekaterina , Massarotti Elena , Edwards Robert R. , Mawla Ishtiaq , Napadow Vitaly , Loggia Marco L. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveCentral nervous system pathways involving pain modulation shape the pain experience in patients with chronic pain. The aims of this study were to understand the mechanisms underlying pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify brain signals that may serve as imaging markers for developing targeted treatments for RA‐related pain.MethodsPatients with RA and matched control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging, using pulsed arterial spin labeling. The imaging conditions included 1) resting state, 2) low‐intensity stimulus, and 3) high‐intensity stimulus. Stimuli consisted of mechanical pressure applied to metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints with an automated cuff inflator. The low‐intensity stimulus was inflation to 30 mm Hg. The high‐intensity stimulus was the amount of pressure required to achieve a pain intensity rating of 40 on a 100‐point scale for each RA patient, with the same amount of pressure used in the matched control.ResultsAmong RA patients, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the medial frontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased during both low‐pressure and high‐pressure stimulation. No rCBF changes were observed in pain‐free controls. Region‐of‐interest analyses in RA patients showed that baseline rCBF in the medial frontal cortex was negatively correlated with the pressure required for the high‐intensity stimulus and positively correlated with pain induced by the low‐intensity stimulus. Baseline rCBF was also marginally correlated with disease activity). Regional CBF during high pain was positively correlated with pain severity and pain interference.ConclusionIn response to clinically relevant joint pain evoked by pressure applied to the MCP joint, neural processing in the medial frontal cortex increases and is directly associated with clinical pain in patients with RA.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Compared to Volitional Exercise for Improving Muscle Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Piva Sara R. , Khoja Samannaaz S. , Toledo Frederico G. S. , Chester‐Wasko Mary , Fitzgerald G. Kelley , Goodpaster Bret H. , Smith Clair N. , Delitto Anthony 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with that of high‐intensity volitional resistance training for improving muscle structure and function and physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also compared pre‐intervention and post‐intervention values of myocyte characteristics.MethodsIn this 2‐group, single‐blind, randomized pilot study, adult patients with RA were assigned to 36 sessions of NMES (n = 31 patients) or volitional training (n = 28 patients) over 16 weeks. Outcome measures included muscle structure and function (quadriceps muscle area, density, and strength), physical function (performance‐based and patient‐reported), feasibility (increased pain, increased disease activity, attrition, and adherence), and myocyte characteristics (area, proportion of type I or II muscle fibers, and intramyocellular lipid content). Analysis of covariance was used to compare groups.ResultsThe intervention intensity in the NMES group was less than half that in the volitional exercise group (31% versus 77% of maximum effort). Both groups experienced significant improvements in muscle structure and function (P < 0.001 to 0.019). Improvements in muscle characteristics and physical function were not different between groups. Exercise did not result in serious adverse events or increases in pain and disease activity. Attrition was 29% in the NMES group and 7% in the volitional exercise group.ConclusionBoth NMES and high‐intensity volitional resistance training can be used as effective approaches to improving muscle structure and function in patients with RA. NMES may be a viable alternative for improving muscle function in patients in whom high‐intensity resistance exercise may not be tolerated or is contraindicated, but attrition must be considered when using this approach.
Bioinspired Underwater Superoleophobic Electrodes with Superior Kolbe Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Peng Yun , Ning Yuzhen , Ma Xiaoxuan , Zhu Yangshuo , Yang Shuai , Su Bin , Liu Kesong , Jiang Lei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough water is the life force of our planet, the global risk of water is becoming a hotspot all over the world. Therefore, wastewater treatment and reuse have attracted much attention, especially for the household wastewater containing surfactants. Kolbe electrolysis is an important organic electrochemical reaction. However, the resultant hydrophobic products are prone to adhere to traditional oleophilic platinum (Pt) electrode, hindering the charge transfer and resulting in a short working life of Kolbe electrolysis. Here, inspired by the biological materials with underwater superwettability, simultaneous underwater superoleophobic and superhydrophilic Pt electrodes with multiscale structures are fabricated, demonstrating superior electrochemical performances compared to the conventional underwater oleophilic flat Pt electrodes. The working life can be enhanced from about 5800 to 30 000 s, arising from the efficient repellency of multiscale structured Pt electrodes toward the hydrophobic products and the resultant clean electrode surface. The long working life of the underwater superoleophobic Pt electrode can be maintained even under a wide variety of experimental conditions, exhibiting its universality. The presented bioinspired approach should extend the application of the Kolbe electrolysis and provide a promising solution for the wastewater treatment to alleviate the growing global water crisis.
High‐Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on an Organic Molecule Donor with Alkylsilyl‐Thienyl Conjugated Side Chains
Authors: Bin Haijun , Yao Jia , Yang Yankang , Angunawela Indunil , Sun Chenkai , Gao Liang , Ye Long , Qiu Beibei , Xue Lingwei , Zhu Chenhui , Yang Chunhe , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Ade Harald , Li Yongfang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo medium‐bandgap p‐type organic small molecules H21 and H22 with an alkylsily‐thienyl conjugated side chain on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene central units are synthesized and used as donors in all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (SM‐OSCs) with a narrow‐bandgap n‐type small molecule 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((4,4,9,9‐tetrahexyl‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (IDIC) as the acceptor. In comparison to H21 with 3‐ethyl rhodanine as the terminal group, H22 with cyanoacetic acid esters as the terminal group shows blueshifted absorption, higher charge‐carrier mobility and better 3D charge pathway in blend films. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the SM‐OSCs based on H22:IDIC reaches 10.29% with a higher open‐circuit voltage of 0.942 V and a higher fill factor of 71.15%. The PCE of 10.29% is among the top efficiencies of nonfullerene SM‐OSCs reported in the literature to date.
High‐Yield Production of Monolayer FePS3 Quantum Sheets via Chemical Exfoliation for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cheng Zhongzhou , Shifa Tofik Ahmed , Wang Fengmei , Gao Yi , He Peng , Zhang Kai , Jiang Chao , Liu Quanlin , He Jun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract2D layered transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX3) possess higher in‐plane stiffness and lower cleavage energies than graphite. This allows them to be exfoliated down to the atomic thickness. However, a rational exfoliation route has to be sought to achieve surface‐active and uniform individual layers. Herein, monolayered FePS3 quantum sheets (QSs) are systematically obtained, whose diameters range from 4–8 nm, through exfoliation of the bulk in hydrazine solution. These QSs exhibit a widened bandgap of 2.18 eV as compared to the bulk (1.60 eV) FePS3. Benefitting from the monolayer feature, FePS3 QSs demonstrate a substantially accelerated photocatalytic H2 generation rate, which is up to three times higher than the bulk counterpart. This study presents a facile way, for the first time, of producing uniform monolayer FePS3 QSs and opens up new avenues for designing other low‐dimensional materials based on MPX3.