bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrable Discrete Model for One‐Dimensional Soil Water Infiltration
Authors: Triadis Dimetre , Broadbridge Philip , Kajiwara Kenji , Maruno Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe propose an integrable discrete model of one‐dimensional soil water infiltration. This model is based on the continuum model by Broadbridge and White, which takes the form of nonlinear convection–diffusion equation with a nonlinear flux boundary condition at the surface. It is transformed to the Burgers equation with a time‐dependent flux term by the hodograph transformation. We construct a discrete model preserving the underlying integrability, which is formulated as the self‐adaptive moving mesh scheme. The discretization is based on linearizability of the Burgers equation to the linear diffusion equation, but the naïve discretization based on the Euler scheme which is often used in the theory of discrete integrable systems does not necessarily give a good numerical scheme. Taking desirable properties of a numerical scheme into account, we propose an alternative discrete model that produces solutions with similar accuracy to direct computation on the original nonlinear equation, but with clear benefits regarding computational cost.
Do Immigrants Take or Create Residents’ Jobs? Evidence from Free Movement of Workers in Switzerland*
Authors: Basten Christoph , Siegenthaler Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn 2002, Switzerland began to adopt free movement of workers with the European Union. We study the effects of the resulting immigration wave on resident workers. We focus on the level of national skill groups and propose an instrumental variable approach to address the endogeneity of immigration in this setting. Mostly relying on administrative data for the 2002–2011 period, we find that the immigration of foreign workers reduced unemployment of residents, and had limited adverse effects on their wages and employment. One reason for this is that younger residents changed to more demanding jobs as a response to the arrival of immigrants.
The Interplay of Peer, Parent, and Adolescent Drinking*
Authors: Olson Julie Skalamera , Crosnoe Robert 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo explore variability in the link between peer and adolescent drinking by parental drinking. Stress and differential susceptibility perspectives led to hypotheses that adolescents with drinking parents would be more reactive to peer drinking, but also to peer abstention.MethodsUsing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, regressions estimated whether the association between peer alcohol use and increased drinking among adolescents was moderated by parental drinking. A regions of significance test identified the level of peer drinking that predicted adolescent drinking in the context of parental drinking.ResultsAdolescents with binge‐drinking parents were more likely to increase drinking at every level of peer drinking, supporting the stress perspective; such adolescents did not accrue benefits from abstaining peers, going against the differential susceptibility perspective.ConclusionsFar from monolithic, peer influences on adolescent risky behaviors may require family environments and genetic predispositions conducive to those behaviors.
The Efficacy of Metacognitive Training for Delusions in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Informs Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chen , Tang Chia‐Chun , Hung Tsai‐Tzu , Tsai Pei‐Ching , Lin Mei‐Feng 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundMetacognitive training (MCT) was developed in 2007 and widely used to modify the delusions for patient with schizophrenia. However, its effectiveness remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the overall effectiveness of MCT for delusion in schizophrenia patients from 2007 to 2016, and to investigate the variables (intervention approach, intervention dose, and participant factors) of an MCT study that could influence the effect size.MethodsParallel‐arm design of MCT for delusions published from 2007 to 2016 were collected and then cross‐referenced using these keywords: delusion (psychosis or psychotic or schizophrenia) and metacognitive (training or therapy or intervention). The quality of the studies was evaluated and the effect size and the moderating variables of MCT on delusion were determined.ResultsA total of 11 studies on the effect of MCT for delusion were investigated. The MCT had a moderate immediate postintervention effect (g = −0.38) and a lasting effect after 6 months (g = −0.35). In terms of immediate effect, moderating variables with significant differences between them were (a) individual approach versus group‐based approach and mixed approach, and (b) eastern country versus western country.Linking Evidence to ActionMCT could be used as a valuable nonpharmacologic intervention to reduce delusions in clinical settings. The individual modularized MCT approach had a beneficial effect and is recommended to healthcare professionals as an application for patients with schizophrenia or delusional disorder.
Whole-Genome Characterization of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Infecting Sweet Cherry in China
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zhai Ying , Zhu Dongzi , Liu Weizhen , Pappu Hanu R. , Liu Qingzhong 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Prunus necrotic ringspot virus
(PNRSV) causes yield loss in most cultivated stone fruits, including sweet cherry. Using a small RNA deep-sequencing approach combined with end-genome sequence cloning, we identified the complete genomes of all three PNRSV strands from PNRSV-infected sweet cherry trees and compared them with those of two previously reported isolates.
Complete Genome Sequence of Temperate Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteriophage DLP5
Authors: Peters Danielle L. , Dennis Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
bacteriophage DLP5 is a temperate phage with
Siphoviridae
family morphotype. DLP5 (vB_SmaS_DLP_5) is the first
S. maltophilia
phage shown to exist as a phagemid. The DLP5 genome is 96,542 bp, encoding 149 open reading frames (ORFs), including four tRNAs. Genomic characterization reveals moron genes potentially involved in host cell membrane modification.
Closed Genome Sequence of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba Strain A1552
Authors: Allué-Guardia Anna , Echazarreta Mylea , Koenig Sara S. K. , Klose Karl E. , Eppinger Mark 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
is a Gram-negative waterborne human pathogen and the causative agent of cholera. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the seventh pandemic O1 biovar El Tor Inaba strain A1552 isolated in 1992. This clinical strain has served as an important model strain for studying cholera pathogenicity traits.
Complete Genome Sequence of Ehrlichia canis Strain YZ-1, Isolated from a Beagle with Fever and Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zhang Jilei , Wang Jiawei , Wang Chengming 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Ehrlichia canis
strain YZ-1, which was isolated from a beagle with fever, anorexia, depression, lethargy, weight loss, and thrombocytopenia.
E. canis
is the tick-borne agent of canine and human monocytic ehrlichiosis.
Metagenome Sequencing of Prokaryotic Microbiota from Two Hypersaline Soils of the Odiel Salt Marshes in Huelva, Southwestern Spain
Authors: Vera-Gargallo Blanca , Navarro-Sampedro Laura , Carballo Modesto , Ventosa Antonio 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Two 454 shotgun metagenomes were sequenced from hypersaline soil samples collected in the Odiel salt marsh area in Huelva, southwestern Spain. Analysis of contigs and 16S rRNA-related sequences showed that
Halobacteria
,
Balneolaeota
, and
Bacteroidetes
were the dominant groups.
Rhodothermaeota
and
Nanohaloarchaeota
were also abundant.
Socioeconomic inequality in health domains in Tehran: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Baigi Vali , Nedjat Saharnaz , Hosseinpoor Ahmad Reza , Sartipi Majid , Salimi Yahya , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveReduction of socioeconomic inequality in health requires appropriate evidence on health and its distribution based on socioeconomic indicators. The objective of this study was to assess socioeconomic inequality in various health domains and self-rated health (SRH).MethodsThis study was conducted using data collected in a survey in 2014 on a random sample of individuals aged 18 and above in the city of Tehran. The standardised World Health Survey Individual Questionnaire was used to assess different health domains. The age-adjusted prevalence of poor health was calculated for each health domain and SRH based on levels of education and wealth quintiles. Furthermore, the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were applied to assess socioeconomic inequality in each of the health domains and SRH.ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of poor health was observed in a descending order from the lowest to the highest wealth quintiles, and from the lowest level of education to the highest. RII also showed varying values of inequality among different domains, favouring rich subgroups. The highest wealth-related RII was observed in the ‘Mobility’ domain with a value of 4.16 (95% CI 2.01 to 8.62), and the highest education-related RII was observed in the ‘Interpersonal Activities’ domain with a value of 6.40 (95% CI 1.91 to 21.36).ConclusionsSubstantial socioeconomic inequalities were observed in different health domains in favour of groups of better socioeconomic status. Based on these results, policymaking aimed at tackling inequalities should pay attention to different health domains as well as to overall health.
Associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fredman Nick John , Duque Gustavo , Duckham Rachel Louise , Green Darci , Brennan-Olsen Sharon Lee 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThere is now substantial evidence of a social gradient in bone health. Social stressors, related to socioeconomic status, are suggested to produce an inflammatory response marked by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Here we focus on the particular role in the years before the achievement of peak bone mass, encompassing childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. An examination of such associations will help explain how social factors such as occupation, level of education and income may affect later-life bone disorders. This paper presents the protocol for a systematic review of existing literature regarding associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in those aged 6–30 years.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search of PubMed, OVID and CINAHL databases to identify articles that examine associations between socioeconomic factors and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, known to influence bone health, during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. The findings of this review have implications for the equitable development of peak bone mass regardless of socioeconomic factors. Two independent reviewers will determine the eligibility of studies according to predetermined criteria, and studies will be assessed for methodological quality using a published scoring system. Should statistical heterogeneity be non-significant, we will conduct a meta-analysis; however, if heterogeneity prevent numerical syntheses, we will undertake a best-evidence analysis to determine whether socioeconomic differences exist in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines from childhood through to young adulthood.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be a systematic review of published data, and thus ethics approval is not required. In addition to peer-reviewed publication, these findings will be presented at professional conferences in national and international arenas.
Mediating effects of metabolic factors on the association between fruit or vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Hye Ah , Lim Dohee , Oh Kyungwon , Kim Eun Jung , Park Hyesook 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveWe assessed the mediating effects of metabolic components on the relationship between fruit or vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted using data from the 2013–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a national representative cross-sectional survey to assess health and nutritional status in the Korean population.Method and analysisA total of 9040 subjects (3555 males and 5485 females) aged ≥25 years were included in the study. Physician-diagnosed CVD via self-report was used as the outcome. Fruit or vegetable intake was measured via a dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and grouped into categories (<1 time/day, 1 time/day, 2 times/day and ≥3 times/day). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol and fasting glucose were considered metabolic mediators, and the bootstrap method was used to assess mediating effect.ResultsAbout 1.8% of adults aged 25–64 years had CVD. According to the result of ‘process’ macro, the confounder-adjusted risk for CVD decreased by 14% (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.98) as fruit, but not vegetable, intake was increased by one unit per day. After additional adjustment for three metabolic factors simultaneously, the OR was attenuated to 0.89 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.03). This result indicates that the indirect effect of three metabolic factors accounted for 21.4% of the relationship between fruit intake and CVD. SBP was a more important metabolic mediator than the other factors. The indirect effect by metabolic factors accounted for 30.0% when body mass index was additionally controlled as a mediator, and SBP still had an independent effect compared with the other mediators.ConclusionsOur results indicate that controlling SBP may lessen the CVD risk, and a diet rich in fruits can regulate SBP which, in turn, reduces CVD risk.
Spatial distribution of clinical computer systems in primary care in England in 2016 and implications for primary care electronic medical record databases: a cross-sectional population study
Authors: Kontopantelis Evangelos , Stevens Richard John , Helms Peter J , Edwards Duncan , Doran Tim , Ashcroft Darren M 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesUK primary care databases (PCDs) are used by researchers worldwide to inform clinical practice. These databases have been primarily tied to single clinical computer systems, but little is known about the adoption of these systems by primary care practices or their geographical representativeness. We explore the spatial distribution of clinical computing systems and discuss the implications for the longevity and regional representativeness of these resources.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEnglish primary care clinical computer systems.Participants7526 general practices in August 2016.MethodsSpatial mapping of family practices in England in 2016 by clinical computer system at two geographical levels, the lower Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG, 209 units) and the higher National Health Service regions (14 units). Data for practices included numbers of doctors, nurses and patients, and area deprivation.ResultsOf 7526 practices, Egton Medical Information Systems (EMIS) was used in 4199 (56%), SystmOne in 2552 (34%) and Vision in 636 (9%). Great regional variability was observed for all systems, with EMIS having a stronger presence in the West of England, London and the South; SystmOne in the East and some regions in the South; and Vision in London, the South, Greater Manchester and Birmingham.ConclusionsPCDs based on single clinical computer systems are geographically clustered in England. For example, Clinical Practice Research Datalink and The Health Improvement Network, the most popular primary care databases in terms of research outputs, are based on the Vision clinical computer system, used by <10% of practices and heavily concentrated in three major conurbations and the South. Researchers need to be aware of the analytical challenges posed by clustering, and barriers to accessing alternative PCDs need to be removed.
Identifying primary care patient safety research priorities in the UK: a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Morris Rebecca Lauren , Stocks Susan Jill , Alam Rahul , Taylor Sian , Rolfe Carly , Glover Steven William , Whitcombe Joanne , Campbell Stephen M 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo identify the top 10 unanswered research questions for primary care patient safety research.DesignA modified nominal group technique.SettingUK.ParticipantsAnyone with experience of primary care including: patients, carers and healthcare professionals. 341 patients and 86 healthcare professionals submitted questions.Main outcomesA top 10, and top 30, future research questions for primary care patient safety.Results443 research questions were submitted by 341 patients and 86 healthcare professionals, through a national survey. After checking for relevance and rephrasing, a total of 173 questions were collated into themes. The themes were largely focused on communication, team and system working, interfaces across primary and secondary care, medication, self-management support and technology. The questions were then prioritised through a national survey, the top 30 questions were taken forward to the final prioritisation workshop. The top 10 research questions focused on the most vulnerable in society, holistic whole-person care, safer communication and coordination between care providers, work intensity, continuity of care, suicide risk, complex care at home and confidentiality.ConclusionsThis study was the first national prioritisation exercise to identify patient and healthcare professional priorities for primary care patient safety research. The research priorities identified a range of important gaps in the existing evidence to inform everyday practice to address primary care patient safety.
Comparison of a pressure-sensing sheath and radial arterial line for intraoperative blood pressure monitoring in neurointerventional procedures
Authors: Froehler Michael T , Chitale Rohan , Magarik Jordan A , Fusco Matthew R 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe efficiency of neuroendovascular procedures may partly depend on the time devoted to placement of a radial arterial line (RAL) for intraoperative blood pressure monitoring. An alternative approach is to use a pressure-sensing sheath (PSS) that serves to provide invasive blood pressure monitoring without requiring a separate procedure for placement. We compared the use of a RAL versus PSS and assessed procedure time, anesthetist and patient satisfaction, and cost.MethodsWe performed a single-center, prospective, blockwise, comparative trial of procedure start time using traditional RAL placement versus the EndoPhys PSS for invasive blood pressure monitoring. Endpoints included time from room arrival to groin puncture, patient and anesthetist satisfaction ratings, and costs associated with RAL placement.ResultsTwenty patients were enrolled in the PSS+RAL arm and 20 in the PSS-alone arm. Mean time from arrival in the room until groin puncture was 61.9±14.0 min in the RAL group and 51.2±10.8 min in the PSS-alone group (P=0.01; difference=10.7 min). Patients in the PSS-alone group reported less pain than those in the RAL group. Furthermore, anesthetists reported accurate blood pressure in the PSS group. The average cost estimate of RAL placement was US$774.70, with a range of US$743 to US$1171.ConclusionsPlacement of a RAL at the start of the neuroendovascular procedures resulted in increased delays to procedure start time and more patient-reported pain compared with the PSS, which may offer a more efficient means of blood pressure monitoring for neurointerventional procedures.Clinical trial registrationNCT03239847.
Comparison of hadron production models for π±, k±, protons and antiprotons production in proton–carbon interactions at 60 GeV/c
Authors: Ajaz M. , Ullah S. , Ali Y. , Younis H. 
Published: February 2018

In this research paper, the comprehensive results on the double differential yield of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons as a function of laboratory momentum are reported. These hadrons are produced in proton–carbon interaction at 60 GeV/c. EPOS 1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04 models are used to perform simulations. Comparing the predictions of these models show that QGSJETII-04 model predicts higher yields of all the hadrons in most of the cases at the peak of the distribution. In this interval, the EPOS 1.99 and EPOS-LHC produce similar results. In most of the cases at higher momentum of the hadrons, all the three models are in good agreement. For protons, all models are in good agreement. EPOS-LHC gives high yield of antiprotons at high momentum values as compared to the other two models. EPOS-LHC gives higher prediction at the peak value for [Formula: see text] mesons and protons at higher polar angle intervals of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, and EPOS 1.99 gives higher prediction at the peak value for [Formula: see text] mesons for [Formula: see text]. The model predictions, except for antiprotons, are compared with the data obtained by the NA61/SHINE experiment at 31 GeV/c proton–carbon collision, which clearly shows that the behavior of the distributions in models are similar to the ones from the data but the yield in data is low because of lower beam energy.
Dissociable signatures of visual salience and behavioral relevance across attentional priority maps in human cortex
Authors: Sprague Thomas C. , Itthipuripat Sirawaj , Vo Vy A. , Serences John T. 
Published: February 2018

Computational models posit that visual attention is guided by activity within spatial maps that index the image-computable salience and the behavioral relevance of objects in the scene. These spatial maps are theorized to be instantiated as activation patterns across a series of retinotopic visual regions in occipital, parietal, and frontal cortex. Whereas previous research has identified sensitivity to either the behavioral relevance or the image-computable salience of different scene elements, the simultaneous influence of these factors on neural “attentional priority maps” in human cortex is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that visual salience and behavioral relevance independently impact the activation profile across retinotopically organized cortical regions by quantifying attentional priority maps measured in human brains using functional MRI while participants attended one of two differentially salient stimuli. We found that the topography of activation in priority maps, as reflected in the modulation of region-level patterns of population activity, independently indexed the physical salience and behavioral relevance of each scene element. Moreover, salience strongly impacted activation patterns in early visual areas, whereas later visual areas were dominated by relevance. This suggests that prioritizing spatial locations relies on distributed neural codes containing graded representations of salience and relevance across the visual hierarchy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested a theory which supposes that neural systems represent scene elements according to both their salience and their relevance in a series of “priority maps” by measuring functional MRI activation patterns across human brains and reconstructing spatial maps of the visual scene. We found that different regions indexed either the salience or the relevance of scene items, but not their interaction, suggesting an evolving representation of salience and relevance across different visual areas.