bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of accessibility and opening hours to overall patient experience of general practice: analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from a national patient survey
Authors: Cowling Thomas E , Majeed Azeem , Harris Matthew J 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe UK government aims to improve the accessibility of general practices in England, particularly by extending opening hours in the evenings and at weekends. It is unclear how important these factors are to patients’ overall experiences of general practice.AimTo examine associations between overall experience of general practice and patient experience of making appointments and satisfaction with opening hours.Design and settingAnalysis of repeated cross-sectional data from the General Practice Patient Surveys conducted from 2011–2012 until 2013–2014. These covered 8289 general practice surgeries in England.MethodData from a national survey conducted three times over consecutive years were analysed. The outcome measure was overall experience, rated on a five-level interval scale. Associations were estimated as standardised regression coefficients, adjusted for responder characteristics and clustering within practices using multilevel linear regression.ResultsIn total, there were 2 912 535 responders from all practices in England (n = 8289). Experience of making appointments (β 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24 to 0.25) and satisfaction with opening hours (β 0.15, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.16) were modestly associated with overall experience. Overall experience was most strongly associated with GP interpersonal quality of care (β 0.34, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.35) and receptionist helpfulness was positively associated with overall experience (β 0.16, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.17). Other patient experience measures had minimal associations (β≤0.06). Models explained ≥90% of variation in overall experience between practices.ConclusionPatient experience of making appointments and satisfaction with opening hours were only modestly associated with overall experience. Policymakers in England should not assume that recent policies to improve access will result in large improvements in patients’ overall experience of general practice.
An Accurate Centroiding Algorithm for PSF Reconstruction
Authors: Lu Tianhuan , Luo Wentao , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jiajun , Li Hekun , Dong Fuyu , Li Yingke , Liu Dezi , Fu Liping , Li Guoliang , Fan Zuhui 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel centroiding method based on Fourier space Phase Fitting (FPF) for Point Spread Function (PSF) reconstruction. We generate two sets of simulations to test our method. The first set is generated by GalSim with an elliptical Moffat profile and strong anisotropy that shifts the center of the PSF. The second set of simulations is drawn from CFHT i band stellar imaging data. We find non-negligible anisotropy from CFHT stellar images, which leads to ∼0.08 scatter in units of pixels using a polynomial fitting method (Vakili & Hogg). When we apply the FPF method to estimate the centroid in real space, the scatter reduces to ∼0.04 in S/N = 200 CFHT-like sample. In low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N; 50 and 100) CFHT-like samples, the background noise dominates the shifting of the centroid; therefore, the scatter estimated from different methods is similar. We compare polynomial fitting and FPF using GalSim simulation with optical anisotropy. We find that in all S/N (50, 100, and 200) samples, FPF performs better than polynomial fitting by a factor of ∼3. In general, we suggest that in real observations there exists anisotropy that shifts the centroid, and thus, the FPF method provides a better way to accurately locate it.
Retired A Stars Revisited: An Updated Giant Planet Occurrence Rate as a Function of Stellar Metallicity and Mass
Authors: Ghezzi Luan , Montet Benjamin T. , Johnson John Asher 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Exoplanet surveys of evolved stars have provided increasing evidence that the formation of giant planets depends not only on stellar metallicity ([Fe/H]) but also on the mass (

). However, measuring accurate masses for subgiants and giants is far more challenging than it is for their main-sequence counterparts, which has led to recent concerns regarding the veracity of the correlation between stellar mass and planet occurrence. In order to address these concerns, we use HIRES spectra to perform a spectroscopic analysis on a sample of 245 subgiants and derive new atmospheric and physical parameters. We also calculate the space velocities of this sample in a homogeneous manner for the first time. When reddening corrections are considered in the calculations of stellar masses and a −0.12

offset is applied to the results, the masses of the subgiants are consistent with their space velocity distributions, contrary to claims in the literature. Similarly, our measurements of their rotational velocities provide additional confirmation that the masses of subgiants with

M
☉ (the “retired A stars”) have not been overestimated in previous analyses. Using these new results for our sample of evolved stars, together with an updated sample of FGKM dwarfs, we confirm that giant planet occurrence increases with both stellar mass and metallicity up to 2.0 M
⊙. We show that the probability of formation of a giant planet is approximately a one-to-one function of the total amount of metals in the protoplanetary disk

. This correlation provides additional support for the core accretion mechanism of planet formation.
The Dearth of Difference between Central and Satellite Galaxies. I. Perspectives on Star Formation Quenching and AGN Activities
Authors: Wang Enci , Wang Huiyuan , Mo Houjun , Lim S. H. , van den Bosch Frank C. , Kong Xu , Wang Lixin , Yang Xiaohu , Chen Sihan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We investigate the quenching properties of central and satellite galaxies, utilizing the halo masses and central–satellite identifications from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy group catalog of Yang et al. We find that the quenched fractions of centrals and satellites of similar stellar masses have similar dependence on host halo mass. The similarity of the two populations is also found in terms of specific star formation rate and 4000 Å break. The quenched fractions of centrals and satellites of similar masses show similar dependencies on bulge-to-total light ratio, central velocity dispersion, and halo-centric distance in halos of given halo masses. The prevalence of optical/radio-loud active galactic nuclei is found to be similar for centrals and satellites at given stellar masses. All these findings strongly suggest that centrals and satellites of similar masses experience similar quenching processes in their host halos. We discuss implications of our results for the understanding of galaxy quenching.
Scalar Resonant Relaxation of Stars around a Massive Black Hole
Authors: Bar-Or Ben , Fouvry Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In nuclear star clusters, the potential is governed by the central massive black hole (MBH), so that stars move on nearly Keplerian orbits and the total potential is almost stationary in time. Yet, the deviations of the potential from the Keplerian one, due to the enclosed stellar mass and general relativity, will cause the stellar orbits to precess. Moreover, as a result of the finite number of stars, small deviations of the potential from spherical symmetry induce residual torques that can change the stars’ angular momentum faster than the standard two-body relaxation. The combination of these two effects drives a stochastic evolution of orbital angular momentum, a process named “resonant relaxation” (RR). Owing to recent developments in the description of the relaxation of self-gravitating systems, we can now fully describe scalar resonant relaxation (relaxation of the magnitude of the angular momentum) as a diffusion process. In this framework, the potential fluctuations due to the complex orbital motion of the stars are described by a random correlated noise with statistical properties that are fully characterized by the stars’ mean field motion. On long timescales, the cluster can be regarded as a diffusive system with diffusion coefficients that depend explicitly on the mean field stellar distribution through the properties of the noise. We show here, for the first time, how the diffusion coefficients of scalar RR, for a spherically symmetric system, can be fully calculated from first principles, without any free parameters. We also provide an open source code that evaluates these diffusion coefficients numerically.
Labels, Ledgers, Scribbles and Scraps: Uncertain Historical Data
Authors: Crane Rosi 
Published: June 2018

Varying quality of legacy data is found on specimen labels, in accounts ledgers, and in registers dating from the origins of the Otago Museum in 1868. A recently re-discovered ledger book that lists the Museum’s first acquisitions brings its own frustrations and more questions are raised than can be answered by the knowledge it contains.
Differing curatorial practices and record keeping over time have produced their own uncertainties of interpretation. In this sense the historical record is dynamic.
The legibility and reliability of scribbled notes, meaningful only to the writer perhaps, compound the known problems of fragmentary historical evidence. Whilst handwritten data is faithfully transcribed its meaning is not always clearly understood. Institutional knowledge is easily lost making once obvious comments on a record puzzling.
Despite the vagaries of historical record keeping a picture is emerging of the early history of the Otago Museum and the often overlooked role that it held in the small scientific community of late-nineteenth century New Zealand.
We should be thankful that some curators had a mania for list making. Inventory of New Zealand’s weird fauna became the prime objective of Captain FW Hutton FRS (1836-1905) and he wrote many catalogues, culminating in his Index Faunae Novae Zealandiae published in 1904. His inveterate list-making also included books as well as the objects that he acquired during his tenure. His successor, TJ Parker FRS (1850-1897) introduced a formal registration scheme across the various departments in 1893, after a trip ‘home’ to London where he had seen the latest methods.
Maintaining these records was a chore for subsequent curators. So that by the 1920s the ethnographer HD Skinner CBE (1886-1978) played a game of catch-up as he oversaw a data deluge associated with ever-increasing numbers of artefacts. A deluge that signified a change in emphasis from zoology towards anthropology and archaeology.
This paper contributes to the growing literature on the history of record keeping and archival practices. In turn this sub-field provides a way to reconsider the impact of changes in cultures of information gathering as we grapple with our own twenty-first century technological constraints. The present-day electronic information explosion has brought the problems of collecting, organizing, and disseminating data to the forefront of scholarly dialogues.
Museum, Library and Archives Partnership: Leveraging Digitized Data from Historical Sources
Authors: Rinaldo Constance , Ford Linda , deVeer Joseph 
Published: June 2018

The Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (MCZ), founded in 1859, has approximately 20 million extant and fossil invertebrate and vertebrate specimens. These historical collections continue to be a focus of research and teaching for the MCZ, Harvard and outside researchers.
The Ernst Mayr Library/Archives (EMLA) of the MCZ is a founding member of the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), an international consortium with a mission to make biodiversity literature openly available for use. Meeting the needs of the MCZ is a priority for EML
Museum/library and achives collaboration
One collaborative Museum/Library project was the digitization of approximately 81,000 MCZ specimen ledger pages/cards associated with various collections. These historical items, once digitized and deposited in the Harvard Digital Repository Service (DRS), were linked to the relevant specimen records in MCZbase, the museum-wide database. Over 1.2 million specimen records are now linked with digitized sources which benefit all users by adding to the provenance of the specimen data and allowing direct referral to the primary collection source.
The EMLA holds an extensive collection of field notes, letters and manuscripts of researchers associated with the MCZ. Collector records are a gold mine of unpublished observations, notes, sketches, specimen lists and narratives. They are primary source data at its most personal, and may be the only documentation of a scientist’s thought processes and observations, particularly for unpublished materials.
William Brewster was a prominent late 19th, early 20th century naturalist associated with the MCZ Ornithology Department until his death in 1919. Brewster provided authoritative and novel additions to the knowledge of birds, and his detailed, long-term observations are the key to his published contributions. Brewster’s unpublished scientific legacy is being digitized and deposited in the Harvard DRS and BHL by the EMLA. Transcribed notebook pages will be attached to images in BHL thus improving data discovery.
Brewster deposited over 45,000 specimens in the MCZ Ornithology Collection. Combining specimens and unpublished notes is an opportunity to link hidden data and enhance research capabilities. Next steps for this collaborative project include finely grained cross-linking of specific pages, correspondence and photographs to and from the MCZ’s specimen database and BHL.
We show how MCZ has leveraged data in digital repositories to enhance and directly relate to MCZbase, with citations to notes, transcriptions and published literature. These collaborations enhance discoverability of hidden data while promoting cross-discipline research to interrelated historical sources.
A Rapid Method for an Initial Registration of a Large Entomology Collection
Authors: Lillywhite Peter 
Published: June 2018

One of the key goals in museums is to register their collections. Ideally to register to a database everything known about each object. In natural history a typical dataset would include identification, date of collection, collector, location of collection, perhaps date of donation, identification history and name and date of whoever made the identification(s). The data may then be enhanced with things such as geolocation, altitude, biography, bibliography etc. This data is then available for researchers, can be uploaded to data aggregation sites and can be used to build maps etc. However, when faced with this enormous task many of us have to admit, not in my lifetime.
We sometimes overlook that it is just as important for a catalogue to simply allow us to know what we have and where it is, as it is to record all of the details about each and every one these items. Obviously fully registering each specimen does both but time may mean that we won’t have that catalogue for many years, decades or more even. This quick method provides no individual detail about the specimens but does record how many of each species (or lowest taxonomic group where this is unknown) there are and where in the collection they are located.
Initial estimates suggest that this method can be up to 30 times quicker than full registration. It is being done in tandem with the more comprehensive registration process. Eventually the full registration program will catch up to the rapid program and items registered only by species and physical location will be re-registered fully and the old registration number retired.
Retrouver la mémoire effondrée
Authors: Seigne Jacques , Deslandes Bruno 
Published: June 2018

Les dégâts subis par le patrimoine syrien ont paradoxalement révélé au monde son immense richesse. Parmi les priorités de l’aide internationale, quelle place pour le patrimoine culturel ? Une entreprise française, Art Graphique et Patrimoine, relève le défi depuis deux ans en Syrie en réalisant un état des lieux des destructions.
Laser Pointer–Induced Maculopathy: More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Mtanes Kamal , Mimouni Michael , Zayit-Soudry Shiri 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To describe the clinical findings in patients with laser-induced retinal injury.

Methods:
Consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary center between January 2014 and December 2015 following inadvertent ocular exposure to a laser pointer were included. Evaluation included a full ophthalmic examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Results:
Seven young patients (8 eyes) were identified. Their mean age was 18.7 years (median: 16 years; range: 12 to 36 years). In most cases, patients were exposed for several seconds to a 5-mW green laser. At presentation, all patients complained of a central/paracentral scotoma. Snellen best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation ranged from counting fingers to 6/6. In 5 eyes, a round, well-defined deep yellowish-orange discoloration at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium in the foveola, ranging from 150 to 350 μm in diameter, was noted on ophthalmoscopic examination. Additional findings were macular subhyaloid hemorrhage in 2 eyes and a full-thickness macular hole with cystoid macular edema in 1 eye. In all cases, baseline SD-OCT revealed disruption involving the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction/ellipsoid zone band, and extended toward the inner aspect of the retinal pigment epithelium band, ranging from focal interruption to extensive full-thickness macular hole. All patients received oral corticosteroid treatment with prednisone (0.5 to 1 mg/kg). Follow-up ranged between 2 and 12 months. Over time, improvement in visual acuity to 6/8 and 6/6 was noted in all eyes but one, which remained poor at counting fingers from 2 meters. The visual improvement was associated with complete or near-complete restoration of the integrity of macular structure noted on SDOCT.

Conclusions:
Commercial handheld laser pointers may inflict notable macular injury and damage vision permanently. Although good visual recovery was often noted, access to commercially available laser devices is potentially hazardous, especially to minors, and public awareness should be raised.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(5):312-318.]
Phytosociological analysis of alpine swards with dominant Salix serpillifolia in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia, NE Italy) / Fitocenološka analiza alpinskih trat s prevladujočo timijanovolistno vrbo (Salix serpillifolia) v Julijskih Alpah (...)
Authors: Dakskobler Igor 
Published: June 2018

In the alpine belt of the Julian Alps (Mts. Kukova Špica, Triglav, Pihavec, Razor, Jalovec, Mangart and Lopa) we conducted a phytosociological analysis of swards on ledges, ridges and rock faces with dominant Salix serpillifolia. These sites are typically relatively moist and the snow cover there is usually very persistent, despite their location on or just below ridges. In terms of species composition the studied community is transitional between snow-bed communities of the order Arabidetalia caeruleae and communities of windward ridges from the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion that we classify into the class Elyno-Seslerietea. Based on the analysis of proportions of diagnostic species we classify the studied community into the alliance Oxytropido-Elynion and into the new eastern-Alpine association Gentiano pumilae-Salicetum serpillifoliae. In the article we also provide a slightly modified phytosociological table of another alpine community in the Julian Alps, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae. Key words: alpine swards, phytosociology, synsystematics, Salix serpillifolia, Oxytropido-Elynion, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae, Julian Alps, Slovenia, Italy V alpinskem pasu Julijskih Alp (Kukova špica, Triglav, Pihavec, Razor, Jalovec, Mangart in Lopa) smo fitocenološko preučili združbo blazinastih trat na policah, grebenih in v ostenjih, kjer prevladuje vrsta Salix serpillifolia. Značilnost teh rastišč je, da so razmeroma vlažna in se na njih kljub legi na grebenih ali tik pod njimi navadno precej dolgo zadržuje snežna odeja. Po vrstni sestavi je preučena združba prehodna med združbami snežnih dolinic iz reda Arabidetalia caeruleae in združbami vetrovnih grebenov iz zveze Oxytropido-Elynion, pri čemer to zvezo uvrščamo v razred Elyno-Seslerietea. Preučeno združbo na podlagi analize deležev diagnostičnih vrst uvrščamo v zvezo Oxytropido-Elynion in v novo vzhodnoalpsko asociacijo Gentiano pumilae-Salicetum serpillifoliae. V članku objavljamo tudi nekoliko popravljeno fitocenološko tabelo še ene alpinske združbe Julijskih Alp, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae. Ključne besede: alpinska trata, fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Salix serpillifolia, Oxytropido-Elynion, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae, Julijske Alpe, Slovenija, Italija
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Contribute to Susceptibility to Trypanosoma congolense Infection by Suppressing CD4+ T Cell Proliferation and IFN-γ Production
Authors: Onyilagha Chukwunonso , Kuriakose Shiby , Ikeogu Nnamdi , Jia Ping , Uzonna Jude 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow–derived myeloid cells that have immune-suppressive activities. These cells have been reported to suppress T cell immunity against tumors as well as in some parasitic and bacterial infections. However, their role during Trypanosoma congolense infection has not been studied. Given that immunosuppression is a hallmark of African trypanosomiasis, we investigated the role of MDSCs in immunity to T. congolense infection. We found increased numbers of MDSCs in the spleen and liver of infected mice, which correlated with increased parasitemia. Depletion of MDSCs significantly increased the percentage of proliferating and IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells from the spleen of T. congolense–infected mice. Furthermore, MDSCs from T. congolense–infected mice directly suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in a coculture setting. This suppressive effect was abolished by the arginase-1 inhibitor, Nω-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA), indicating that MDSCs suppress CD4+ T cell proliferation and function in an arginase-1–dependent manner. Indeed, depletion of MDSCs during infection led to control of the first wave of parasitemia and prolonged survival of infected mice. This was also associated with increased CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. Taken together, our findings identify an important role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of experimental T. congolense infection via suppression of T cell proliferative and effector cytokine responses in an arginase-1–dependent manner.