bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Tribology in Machining
Authors: Schmitz Tony L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Machining tribology poses a significant challenge due to the multiple parameters that must be simultaneously considered to arrive at a cost-minimized solution in production. This article provides information required to make informed decisions about machining parameters. It describes the relationships between machining parameters, workpiece material properties, cutting forces, and the corresponding temperature field in the chip. The article provides information on tool life, with an empirical model, common wear features, and the relationship between tool life and machining cost. The cutting fluids and their effect on tool life are also discussed. The article discusses machining process dynamics and corresponding vibrations. It contains a table that provides a summary of high-pressure coolant research.
Ionic Liquids as Lubricants or Lubricant Additives
Authors: Xiao Huaping , Liu Shuhai 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article introduces the structure, tribological properties, advantages, and applications of ionic liquids (ILs) as lubricating media. It discusses the mechanisms of IL lubrication for different contacts. The advances in studies focusing on tribological properties of a wide range of ILs are reviewed. The article concludes with the challenges that limit the applications of ILs in tribology engineering.
Friction and Wear of Carbon-Containing Composites
Authors: Berman Diana , Brostow Witold , Lobland Haley E. Hagg , Perez Jose M. , Khare Neelima 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the importance of friction and wear and the role of lubricants in composites. It highlights the progress and developments in using different forms of carbon allotropes in composites for improved friction and wear performance of materials. The article focuses on the widely used form known as carbon black (CB) and shows how to deal with friction and wear of polymers and composites when gamma irradiation is involved. It also discusses the role of graphite in composite materials, which is widely used as a dry lubricant. The article examines the tribology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as components in composite materials. It also highlights some of the most pronounced examples of graphene use as a reinforcement agent for improving tribological performance in composite matrices. The article concludes with a discussion on the progress of research in diamond-containing composites.
Wear Particle Analysis
Authors: Eliaz Noam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on different aspects of wear particle analysis. It discusses the different wear regimes in the wear rate versus time (bathtub) curve. The article explains the essence of condition monitoring and how to properly sample lubricants for condition monitoring. It also discusses in-service lubricant analysis for condition monitoring, focusing on the spectrometric oil analysis program. The article describes the characteristics of wear particles and analytical techniques for characterizing them. It also describes the characteristics of different types of wear particles and the mechanisms by which they are generated. The article concludes with a summary of the major applications of wear particle analysis.
Tribology and Wear of Bearing Steels
Authors: Hager C.H. , Hannon W.M. , Bedekar V.M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the composition, properties and applications of bearing steels. It focuses on the typical wear modes that rolling-element bearings experience: contact fatigue wear, abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and corrosive wear. The article provides information on reliability factor and ABMA and ISO environmental factors.
Polishing Wear
Authors: Kato Koji 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Current understanding of polishing wear involves a combination of abrasive, plastic flow, and tribochemical wear. This article explains these mechanisms and the correlation between them. Some explanations about practical polishing wear control, applications, and future prospects are also given. This article discusses the influence of size and number of wear particles on polishing at three abrasive wear modes. These include cutting, wedge forming, and plowing. The article concludes with information on applications and prospects of polishing wear control.
Friction and Wear of Sliding Bearings
Authors: Hirani Harish 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBearings are usually provided where a specific spatial relationship (alignment) must be maintained between the parts or where a force is to be transmitted from one part to the other. This article introduces the general types and configuration of sliding bearings, bearing materials, and the practical aspects and solutions in the friction, lubrication, and wear mitigation of sliding bearings. The lubrication of bearings includes thick-film lubrication, thin-film lubrication, and boundary lubrication. The article concludes with a discussion on the effects of material elasticity on the lubrication of bearings.
Tribocorrosion
Authors: Batchelor Andrew W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Tribocorrosion is the subject dealing with complex, synergistic effects of chemical and mechanical conditions that cause wear. This article begins with a discussion on oxidative wear and corrosive wear, as well as quantitative measurements of corrosion, mechanical wear, and wear-corrosion effects. It illustrates the mechanism of corrosive-abrasive wear and discusses the factors affecting two-body wear. These factors include particle shape, size, density, and hardness; slurry velocity; slurry particle angle of attack; solids concentration in the slurry; hydrodynamic factors; corrosion products and the mass transfer of oxygen. The article describes slurry particle impingement tests and grinding tribocorrosion tests, as well as the factors to be considered for mitigating corrosive wear, such as materials selection, surface treatments, and environment modifications.
Lubrication and Wear in Sheet Forming
Authors: Dohda Kuniaki , Mahayotsanun Numpon , Funazuka Tatsuya 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the tribology of three main sheet forming processes: deep drawing, bending, and shearing. For each process, the basic principle of the forming process is briefly explained. Tribological phenomena observed in each process, such as wear and galling, are presented. Common methods of using lubricants and coatings in sheet forming processes are also described.
Creative Concept Development
Authors: Tuttle B. Lee 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article presents the definitions of creativity and creative thinking. It discusses the various stages in creative problem solving process. The stages include understanding the product problem, transforming the product, and breaking the product into subfunctional groups. The article provides a description of concept generating tools that are often arbitrarily described as individual or group tools. It concludes with a discussion on the application of creative concept generation in product design.
Design for Fracture Toughness
Authors: Blinn M.P. , Williams R.A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Fracture toughness is the ability of a material to withstand fracture in the presence of cracks. This article focuses on the use of fracture toughness as a parameter for engineering and design purposes. Both linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics concepts are reviewed as they relate to fracture toughness and design process. The article explores the use of plane strain fracture toughness, crack-tip opening displacement, and the J-integral as the criteria for the design and safe operation of structures and mechanical components. It discusses the variables affecting fracture toughness, including yield strength, loading rate, temperature, and material thickness. A summary of different fatigue and fracture mechanics design philosophies and their relationship with fracture toughness is provided. The article concludes with information on the examples of fracture toughness in design.
Design for Composite Manufacture
Authors: Vizzini Anthony J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The goal of design is to improve the overall performance of the metal or ceramic matrix rather than to create a material with different response than the base matrix. This article focuses on the design for manufacturing polymeric composites. Specially developed methods including contact molding, compression-type molding, resin-injection molding, and pultrusion are described. The article also discusses the various factors to be considered in designing for composite manufacturing.
Analysis of Sandwich Structures
Authors: Ward Stephen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A sandwich structure is comprised of layered composite materials formed by bonding two or more thin facings or facesheets to a relatively thick core material. This article describes the sandwich panel failure modes. It tabulates the nomenclature and definitions for loads, geometry, and material properties. The article illustrates critical strength-check locations for a flat sandwich panel. It discusses the analysis methods formulated for flat rectangular honeycomb panels; curved sandwich panel; and for each of the various sandwich panel failure modes. The article concludes with a discussion on flat panel stability analysis methods.
Testing and Analysis Correlation
Authors: Sawicki Adam J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Detailed analyses and test correlations are typically required to support design development, structural sizing, and certification. This article addresses issues concerning building block levels ranging from design-allowables coupons up through subcomponents, as these levels exhibit a wide variety of test-analysis correlation objectives. At these levels, enhanced analysis capability can be used most effectively in minimizing test complexity and cost while also reducing design weight and risk. The article discusses the examples of tests for which good correlative capability has shown significant benefit. These include notched (open and/or filled hole) tension and compression, inter/intralaminar shear and tension, and pin bearing.
Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Guillermin Olivier 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Continuous fiber composite materials offer dramatic opportunities for producing lightweight laminates with tremendous performance capabilities. This article describes the kinematics of fabric deformation and explains the algorithms used in draping simulation. It discusses the basic components, such as laminate and ply, of continuous fiber composite. The article provides information on the core sample and ply analysis. It details producibility, flat-pattern evaluations, and laminate surface offset. The article discusses various interfaces, such as the structural analysis interface, the resin transfer molding interface, the fiber placement and tape-laying interface, and the laser projection interface.
Fracture Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Authors: Zok F.W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
One of the key attributes of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) is their ability to undergo inelastic straining upon mechanical loading. This article reviews the mechanics of inelastic deformation and fracture of CFCCs, as needed for the development of damage-tolerant failure prediction methodologies for use in engineering design. It outlines a general framework for the description of fracture in structural materials in the presence of notches and cracks. The article describes the common classes of fracture behavior of CFCCs and presents the constitutive laws needed to describe crack-tip inelasticity. It demonstrates the effects of inelasticity on crack-tip stress fields and addresses the environmental degradation effects on damage tolerance.
Custom Sailing Yacht Design and Manufacture
Authors: Downs-Honey Richard , Hakes Paul , Battley Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on the design process, materials, and manufacturing techniques for one-off and low-volume production sailing craft. These include racing yachts of typically 10-20 m length for short coastal events, 20-25 m ocean racers, 24 m America's Cup racing craft, multihull racers of 35 m or more, and large luxury cruising craft. The article discusses the tooling, laminating practice, curing, mold removal, and quality control, for manufacturing hulls, decks, masts, and appendages using composites.
Lamina and Laminate Nonmechanical Testing
Authors: Moylan John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Characterization of nonmechanical properties is performed in the testing and certification of composite materials. This article focuses on the properties of composites that are commonly investigated. The properties include: per ply thickness; constituent content; density; coefficient of thermal expansion and coefficient of moisture expansion; glass transition temperature; thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and specific heat.
Repair Engineering and Design Considerations
Authors: Heslehurst Rikard B. , Forte Mark S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses three typical repair types for composite structures: temporary repairs, adhesively bonded repairs, and bolted repairs. It contains a table that lists general design requirements and considerations for the repair of composite structures. The article describes ten steps for an engineering repair approach to effectively restore structural integrity to damaged composite components. Management, validation and certification of repairs are also discussed. The article presents the design guidelines for analyzing the damage and possible strategies for making a repair. It reviews three repair schemes used in repair design analysis, namely, core replacement, adhesively bonded patch, and mechanically fastened patch. The article also emphasizes the various pitfalls and problems in repair design for composite structures.
Repair Applications, Quality Control, and Inspection
Authors: Hoke Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article begins with an overview of the various types of damage that take place in advanced composite components. These include holes and punctures, delaminations, disbonds, core and resin damage, and water intrusion. The article describes various damage detection techniques, such as visual inspection, tap testing, and ultrasonic inspection, in field conditions. Designing for repair involves various considerations including structure types and repair types. The types of repairs together with other issues surrounding advanced composite repair technology are discussed. The article also provides a discussion on the design considerations, instructions, and materials for repair. It explains various paint-removal methods for composites. The article concludes with a discussion on curing equipment such as portable repair systems, vacuum bags, and ovens and autoclaves.
High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Serafini Tito T. , Mitchell Stephen C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
High-temperature-resistant polymers are used in aerospace, electronic, and other applications that demand outstanding elevated-temperature physical and mechanical properties. This article discusses the general characteristics of condensation-type polyimides and polymerization of monomer reactants (PMR) polyimides. It provides information on the applications of PMR-15 with illustrations.
Civil Infrastructure Applications
Authors: Karbhari Vistasp M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Composites, particularly fiber-reinforced polymer materials, are increasingly being adopted or considered as alternatives to conventional materials for civil infrastructure applications, such as bridges, buildings, waterfront structures, waste treatment facilities, and facilities for transmission and transport of utilities. This article provides information on seismic retrofit applications and discusses the repair and strengthening of components, such as beams, slabs, large-diameter pipes, and bridge decks.
Internal-State Variable Modeling of Plastic Flow
Authors: Mecking H. , Beaudoin A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on the analyzing and modeling of stress-strain behavior of polycrystals of pure face-centered cubic (fcc) metals in the range of temperatures and strain rates where diffusion is not important. It presents a phenomenological description of stress-strain behavior and provides information on the physical background, alternative interpretations, and directions of research. The quantitative description of strain hardening of fcc polycrystals is provided. The article also discusses the modeling of stress-strain behavior in body-centered cubic metals, hexagonal metals, stage IV work hardening, and the various classes of single-phase alloys.
Simulation of Microstructural Evolution in Steels
Authors: Pauskar P.M. , Shivpuri R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Computer simulation of microstructural evolution during hot rolling of steels is a major topic of research and development in academia and industry. This article describes the methodology and procedures commonly employed to develop microstructural evolution models to simulate microstructural evolution in steels. It presents an example of the integration of finite element modeling and microstructural evolution models for the simulation of metal flow and microstructural evolution in a hot rolling process.
Interface Effects for Deformation Processes
Authors: Krzyzanowski M. , Beynon J.H. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article examines the deformation processes in metal-forming operations and considers the effects introduced by scale factors when microforming. It discusses the process parameters and variables affecting surface interactions, including temperature, speed, reduction, stiffness, and dynamic response of equipment. The article reviews the determination of friction coefficient using laboratory monitoring methods, indirect measurements, and the inverse method. It considers the determination of the interface heat-transfer coefficient by using the ring test and computer simulations. The article describes the behavior of oxide scale on the surface of hot metal undergoing thermomechanical processing. It concludes with information on the effects of process and material parameters on interfacial phenomena.
Heat-Transfer Interface Effects for Solidification Processes
Authors: Kobryn P.A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A key aspect of solidification process modeling is the treatment of the interface between the solidifying casting and the mold in which it is contained. This article begins with information on casting-mold interface heat-transfer phenomena. It describes practical considerations and methods for incorporating interface heat-transfer coefficient into models and for quantifying the heat transfer coefficient experimentally. The article concludes with information on the selection of the heat transfer coefficient for a given casting configuration.
Monte Carlo Models for Grain Growth and Recrystallization
Authors: Miodownik Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The misorientation of a boundary of a growing grain is defined not only by its crystallography but also by the crystallography of the grain into which it is growing. This article focuses on the Monte Carlo Potts model that is typically used to model grain growth, Zener-Smith pinning, abnormal grain growth, and recrystallization. It introduces the basics of the model, providing details of the dynamics, simulation variables, boundary energy, boundary mobility, pinning systems, and stored energy. The article explains how to incorporate experimental parameters and how to validate the model by comparing the observed behavior quantitatively with theory. The industrial applications of the model are also discussed. The article also provides a wide selection of the algorithms for implementing the Potts model, such as boundary-site models, n-fold way models, and parallel models, which are needed to simulate large-scale industrial applications.
Electronic Structure Methods Based on Density Functional Theory
Authors: Woodward Christopher 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Electronic structure methods based on the density functional theory (DFT) are used as a powerful tool for assessing the mechanical thermodynamic and defect properties of metal alloys. This article presents the origins of the electronic structure methods and their strengths and limitations. It describes the basic procedures for calculating essential structural properties in metal alloys. The article reviews the approximations and computational details of the pseudopotential plane wave methods used in metal systems. It provides information on the applications of DFT methods in metal alloy systems. The article discusses the calculations of a variety of structural, thermodynamic, and defect properties, with particular emphasis on structural metal alloys and their derivatives.
Models for Martensitic Transformations
Authors: Olson G.B. , Saxena A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article assesses the evolution of martensite modeling in the changing materials engineering environment. It describes the physics of displacive transformations using Ginzburg-Landau theory, microstructure representation, dynamics and simulations, density functional theory, and shuffle transitions. The article reviews the application of the Ginzburg-Landau approach to rigorous solutions for issues in the structure of a martensitic nucleus based on the martensitic nucleation theory. The three basic behavior modes of martensitic growth, such as elastic, elastic/plastic, and fully plastic are discussed. The article also reviews the overall kinetics of martensitic transformations.
Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during the Thermomechanical Processing of Nickel-Base Superalloys
Authors: Thomas J.P. , Montheillet F. , Semiatin S. L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article summarizes the general features of microstructure evolution during the thermomechanical processing (TMP) of nickel-base superalloys and the challenges posed by the modeling of such phenomena. It describes the fundamentals and implementations of various modeling methodologies. These include JMAK (Avrami) models, topological models, and mesoscale physics-based models.
Three-Dimensional Microstructure Representation
Authors: Spanos G. , Rowenhorst D.J. , Kral M.V. , Voorhees P.W. , Kammer D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article reviews the characterization methods for producing 3-D microstructural data sets. The methods include serial sectioning by mechanical material removal method and focused ion beam tomography method. The article describes how these data sets are used in realistic 3-D simulations of microstructural evolution during materials processing and materials response. It also explains how the 3-D experimental data are actually input and used in the simulations using phase-field modeling and finite-element modeling.
Simulation of Rotational Welding Operations
Authors: Withers Philip J. , Preuss Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Friction welding is based on the rapid introduction of heat, causing the temperature at the interface to rise sharply and leading to local softening. This article illustrates the basic principles of direct-drive rotational friction welding and inertia friction welding. Modeling the effective friction response of the materials is central to simulating the welding process. The article discusses a series of distinct frictional stages during continuous drive friction welding. Modeling of the evolution of the thermal field has been an important objective since the early days of rotational friction welding. The article describes analytical thermal models and numerical thermal models for rotational friction welding. It concludes with information on the modeling of residual stresses.