bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counter-terrorism and counter-law: an archetypal critique
Authors: Edwards Phil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContemporary British counter-terrorist legislation is dominated by ‘counter-law’ in Richard Ericson's terms: by using law against law, it systematically undermines the rule of law. This paper supports this proposition by developing a detailed ‘archetypal’ account of the rule of law considered as a critical ideal, drawing on Fuller's ‘morality of law’. The rule of law is identified with four tendencies in law – towards greater universality, knowability, followability and justifiability – and ‘counter-law’ with tendencies to block or reverse all of these. Counter-law tendencies in contemporary counter-terrorist legislation are discussed in detail, with particular reference to the proliferation of inchoate, preparatory and situational offences. This critique is also related to contemporary debates on law and counter-law; it is argued that critiques which relativise or historicise the liberal model of the rule of law fall short by failing to engage with it on its own terms, thereby undervaluing its utility as a normative resource. The paper concludes by discussing the range, significance and gravity of the departures from the rule of law that have been identified, considering some counter-arguments and drawing conclusions for policy-makers and legal scholars.
The Darker Side of Social Networks in Transforming Economies: Corrupt Exchange in ChineseGuanxiand RussianBlat/Svyazi
Authors: Karhunen Päivi , Kosonen Riitta , McCarthy Daniel J. , Puffer Sheila M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article addresses corruption as a negative practice displaying the ‘darker side’ of social capital in Chineseguanxiand Russianblat/svyazinetworks. It presents a conceptual framework integrating several research streams to establish a conceptual linkage between social network characteristics and three forms of corruption between business persons and public officials: cronyism, bribery, and extortion. We argue that the forms of corruption in a society are determined by the nature of social network ties and their underlying morality, with particularistic and general trust being key factors. Our framework depicts networks as three concentric circles representing three types of corruption resulting from their corresponding types of reciprocity: open, closed, and negative. We then apply the framework to the practice ofguanxiin China andblat/svyaziin Russia. We propose that different network characteristics and different forms of corruption may help explain what we label the ‘China-Russia paradox’ of why corruption and high economic growth have co-existed in China, at least in the short term, but less so in Russia. We conclude with ethical and legal implications for doing business in those two transforming economies and offer suggestions for future research.
The Dassault Mirage G
Authors: Deplante Henri 
Published: June 2018

The interest of wings with variable sweepback springs directly from pure commonsense and appeals to no profound knowledge of aerodynamics for its justification.To realise the advantage of variable geometry, it is enough to know that only a wing of small relative thickness is capable of good performance at supersonic speeds and that by increasing the sweepback from 20° to 70° the thickness of a wing is divided by about 2.In the advanced position, the wing offers its full span to the airstream and with high-lift devices in action (leading-edge slats and trailing-edge flaps combined), the aeroplane can develop the considerable lift necessary for take-off and landing as well as for break-through and for slow approach. Wings still advanced but slats, flaps and undercarriage retracted, the aeroplane is in excellent maximum fineness condition for protracted cruising at subsonic speed or for a long wait. As soon as transonic (Mach No of more than 0-8) or supersonic speeds are in question, the wings are progressively folded back.
The Second Century Papers: Looking Ahead in Aeronautics–22
Authors: Scanlan J. , Jones M. E. B. 
Published: June 2018

Strictly many materials such as ceramics, cement and even metals should be classed as polymers since the atoms within them are bound by strong chemical bonds into large groups usually of indefinite size. This article will deal only with the synthetic organic polymers and, in fact, will consider mainly the plastics, little attention being given to rubbers and fibres.The industrial production of synthetic plastics has expanded greatly in the post-war years largely using petroleum as the starting material. The plastics produced do not have good mechanical properties compared, say, to metals and have other limitations such as poor resistance to heat and inflammability.
Noise Problems of VTOL with Particular Reference to the Dornier DO 31
Authors: Flemming M. , Scholten R. 
Published: June 2018

In the past few years, many different VTOL experimental aircraft have been developed and tested in Europe, the USA and Russia and a great deal of experience has been gained.Dornier's contribution in this field is the development and testing of the Do 31 VTOL jet transport (Fig. 1). A V/STOL aircraft concept had to be found, uniting the main advantages of relatively high flight speed, high pay-load capacity, operational flexibility, low maintenance requirements and great safety in case of engine failure. The Do 31 features these characteristics.
Supersonic Air Travel—Present and Future
Authors: Satre P. 
Published: June 2018

The title proposed to me for this paper is not very suitable, as it suggests that I should cover two subjects, one of which, Present Supersonic Travel, is nonexistent, and the other, Future Supersonic Travel, is ,so vast that I could not possibly explore it fully in the time available.Therefore, to clarify tonight's discussion, I shall define present and future supersonic aircraft as follows:(a)Those aircraft now under construction and due to go into commercial service in the early seventies. This is primarily Concorde (if we leave out Eastern Europe).(b)Those aircraft that will enter commercial service in the late ‘seventies and be flying in the ‘eighties, although I will discuss briefly the last decade of this century.
The Torsional Vibration of Uniform Thin-Walled Beams of Open Section
Authors: Carr J. B. 
Published: June 2018

The pure torsional vibration of uniform thin-walled beams of open section, which is governed by the differential equationhas been extensively analysed by Gere He derived the exact frequency equations for beams with a variety of end conditions. However, these equations are, in most cases, highly transcendental.This note uses an energy approach to obtain approximate frequency equations for the fixed-fixed and the fixed-simply-supported beams. A fixed end is one which allows no twist and no warping and a simply-supported end allows no twist but permits warping to take place freely. The approximating functions used are those corresponding to the exact solution of the problem if the torsional resistance caused by the St Venant system of shear stresses is zero. These functions are similar to the characteristic functions of simple beams in flexure.
Marine Safety Aspects of Helicopters
Authors: Crago W. A. 
Published: June 2018

A detailed consideration of the subject of the marine safety of helicopters leads naturally to the recognition that some helicopters are designed to be relatively “at home” on the water surface while some are not. In the former case, marine safety aspects will have a high degree of importance and priority from the commencement of the design, while in the latter, marine safety will be simply a matter of giving away as little payload as possible commensurate with obtaining a reasonable assurance of crew survival if a ditch takes place.This paper sets out to consider some technical aspects of marine safety with both classes of craft.
Buckling of Isosceles Triangular Plates
Authors: Lockwood Taylor J. 
Published: June 2018

Application of a method suggested by my technical note on equilateral and semi-equilateral triangles has yielded values for the buckling coefficients for isosceles triangles which in some cases differ appreciably from those given on Data Sheet 02.04.06.The technical note quoted gives exact solutions in the form of a terminating trigonometrical series. When the triangle becomes isosceles, the series no longer terminates, but the infinite series solution, on insertion of the boundary conditions, gives an infinite determinant for the buckling load or eigenvalue.Evaluation of the determinant, or of a sufficient number of terms, was computed on a Univac 1107, with the following results, which have been converted to the notation of Data Sheet 02.04.06.
Head-Up Display
Authors: Ray D. A. 
Published: June 2018

Head-up display (HUD) is an electronic presentation of flight information projected into the pilot's line of sight, enabling him to see both the outside world and relevant instrument information at the same time (see Fig. 1).Using HUD the pilot no longer needs to alternate his attention continually between his cockpit instruments 2-3 ft (0·6-0·9 m) away and the outside world effectively at infinity. This continual change which present day pilots must make is first, very tiring and secondly it takes time; time to scan instruments, assimilate the relevant information, move the head and eyes, refocus the eyes on the outside world, adjust perhaps to a different light level and then take in the changed surroundings before returning to check the instruments. This time may add up to several seconds. In normal flight this is acceptable.
Economics of Air Operations as Affected by Current Transport Aircraft Design Trends
Authors: Hill G. S. 
Published: June 2018

First, let me say what a great honour it is to be asked to take part in one of the Society's symposia, and particularly one on as wide and important a subject as this. Before I start to consider the particular aspects of this subject I must make three points clear.The first is that, since airports range from primitive landing strips to multi-runway complexes covering ten or more square miles (26 x 106 m2), I should be foolish if I made sweeping statements that might be taken to apply to any one of them. So let me narrow the field to major international airports and dismiss the rest with the generality that transport aircraft today demand airport facilities that are expensive to provide and operate and that if an airport is not supported by a strong and growing demand for air services it is irrelevant and will eventually be put to other uses. I realise that in the USA large airports may handle little international traffic, but my concern is with Europe.
Aircraft Design as Determined by Airport Facilities and the Environment
Authors: Newman D. R. 
Published: June 2018

I am defining the airport facilities as the strength of its pavements and the sophistication of its passenger and baggage loading and aircraft handling provisions.To illustrate the effect of pavement strength on design, I have taken two representative sizes of aircraft, 50 000 lb (23 Mg) and 300 000 lb (136 Mg) AUW, and shown in Fig. 1 the effect on undercarriage volume of meeting various values of load classification number (LCN) with appropriate variations of tyre pressure and wheel spacing. The smaller machine has twin wheels while the larger has a four-wheel, twin-tandem bogie. The advantage to the designer of being able to work to a high LCN lies not only in the reduced undercarriage stowage volume, but undercarriage weight itself is saved if the wheels can be closely grouped together.
Assessment of Aircraft Noise Disturbance
Authors: van Niekerk C. G. , Muller J. L. 
Published: June 2018

The disturbance due to aircraft noise which is being experienced in residential areas around the world's major airports is generally recognised as a serious problem. Indeed, the problem has reached the stage where public reaction is already influencing the development of future aircraft. Such influence may be seen in current international intention to include noise limitations in the certification of aircraft.Limits imposed on the noise generated by aircraft engines should serve to prevent the problem from becoming catastrophic, but cannot be expected to provide a final solution. Aircraft manufacturers may seem confident that further improvements in performance could be achieved without corresponding increase in noise, but further increases in air traffic could cancel out these gains and still leave communities near airports excessively disturbed.
Airworthiness Regulations–National and International
Authors: Harris J. D. 
Published: June 2018

While some of the Articles of the 1944 Chicago Convention (see Appendix) relate both to the aircraft and to its pilot, this lecture is concerned with the aircraft and no attempt is made to deal with the problems connected with the licensing of pilots.The opinions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Air Registration Board, or of the Ministry of Aviation on whose behalf the ARB attends ICAO Meetings. Nor is the theme of the lecture to be presumed to be accepted by the ARB or Ministry of Aviation.
Effects of an Initial Gap on the Turbulent Jet Flow over a Curved Wall
Authors: Paranjpe S. C. , Sridhar K. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe flow in a two-dimensional curved wall jet with different initial gaps between the nozzle exit and the leading edge of the wall was probed at various stations along the jet. The jet slot thickness, the jet exit velocity and the radius of the wall were kept constant. It was found that the region close to the leading edge of the wall behaved like a settling zone. In this zone the type of flow changed from a free jet to a curved wall jet. The length required for settling depended on gap size and was less than that of the plane wall jet. Gap effects on surface pressure distribution and angular position of separation were examined. The hysteresis phenomenon associated with gaps was investigated.
Project Management and Technical Progress of the ESRO II Satellite Project
Authors: Hume C. R. 
Published: June 2018

The ESRO II Satellite is due to be the first satellite to be launched as part of the joint co-operative programme between NASA and the European Space Research Organisation and as such, represents the first endeavour by the latter organisation to bring together various experiments in a satellite. While it is true to say that other satellites have been produced in Europe, this is the first integrated payload involving experiments from different countries to be realised in Europe.The paper describes briefly the satellite and details the scientific experiments. The remainder of the paper is concerned with the aspects of project management involving four different nations and the technical programme.
Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties Behind Strong Shocks in Helium
Authors: Lalor M. , Daneshyar H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTables of equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the ionized gas formed behind strong shock waves in Helium are presented, in the Mach number range 10 to 30, for initial pressures of 0-1, 0-5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 torr. The effect of the inclusion of the full partition function series is demonstrated in the Mach number range 20 to 30.A numerical solution has been developed such that the only experimental quantities required for its use are the shock Mach number and the pre-shock conditions.
Helicopter All-Weather Operation—Equipment for the Transport Role
Authors: Curties M. C. 
Published: June 2018

The theme of this lecture on Helicopter All-Weather Operation is a discussion of the equipment requirements for the helicopter in the transport role.I have to say at the outset and possibly somewhat provocatively, that I believe that there are no real problem areas left, as far as the equipment means are concerned, between us and the realisation of a good all-weather capability in a transport helicopter. By this I mean that virtually all the basic work has been done in the main fields of guidance and control. Much of the equipment is already produced or in an advanced stage of development and most of that outstanding has already been defined and the feasibility of meeting the requirements examined. Thus, I believe, all that is required is a determination to achieve all-weather operation and to set in hand the processes of procuring the equipment. This means that the requirement has to be firmly stated and the price paid to meet it. It is idle to think that an all-weather capability can be achieved without an adequate equipment standard. However, it is reasonable to expect that its achievement should cost no more in the transport helicopter than for an equivalent standard in the transport aeroplane.
A Simplified Approach to Free-Surface Wave Drag Theory
Authors: Payne Peter R. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe problem of a two-dimensional pressure field moving over a free surface is analysed by dynamic modelling techniques. Using a simple second order linear differential equation, it is possible to obtain all the classical theory rersults for a uniform field in deep water. Squire’s results for the non-uniform pressure field of a planing wedge are also duplicated. Further results, not hitherto obtained with classical theory, may explain some anomalies associated with the classical theory. The method has the advantage that results for a large number of “pressure field distributions” have already been tabulated by workers studying the response of simple lumped parameter mechanical dynamic systems.A conclusion of some practical importance in applied hydrodynamics is that the wave drag of a pressure field varies with its distribution. The more non-uniform a pressure field the greater its wave drag. The theory also gives insight into the occurrence of “humps and hollows” in model resistance curves, and gives some insight as to why a minor change in form may cause a major change in wave resistance.
The Future Role of Computers with Special Reference to Aerodynamic Design
Authors: Thwaites Bryan 
Published: June 2018

The computer is seen as the greatest invention in history, in that it has a universality which transcends all other known inventions. It will ultimately be capable ot any process describable in terms ot an open or closed logical structure.In a deterministic science such as aeronautics, it has clear capabilities in the solution of the equations governing fluid flow, structures, propulsion, navigation and so on. The speed and size of future computers, together with all sorts of new software techniques, will facilitate almost instantaneous solutions of any problems, within the next century.There will be two major constraints on these developments which we can predict with confidence. The first is financial. The second is more subtle: there may develop sociological resistance to technological advances, especially to those wielding the power implicit in future generations of computers, and this carries important implications for scientists.
The Royal Air Force Museum
Authors: Tanner John 
Published: June 2018

From April to September of this year there will be numerous celebrations in honour of the Royal Air Force's 50th Anniversary, and it is highly appropriate that during this period the full plans for the Royal Air Force Museum are to be made public. The Museum is to be a new national institution maintained by the Treasury but built out of the sum obtained from a public appeal which is now in full operation.A question constantly asked of all connected with this project is “who first thought of the idea?” The present writer has been told by at least a dozen men, all of them honest of eye and sincere of voice, that they and they alone were the only true begetter of the scheme, and it is a fact that every Station Commander who caused one or two aircraft to be preserved past the day of their official demise can feel that he and his men played some part in the slow development that has culminated in the present large-scale project.
A Standard Choked Nozzle for Absolute Calibration of Air Flowmeters
Authors: Sparkes D. W. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA choked nozzle installation suitable tor the absolute calibration of air flowmeters over a limited flow range is described. An entry package is prescribed to ensure that near ideal flow conditions are presented to the nozzle. This package should remove swirl and flow distortions from most entry flows.Provided that the instructions given in this note are followed meticulously then the quoted discharge coefficients for the nozzle may be guaranteed to better than ±0-25% at Reynolds numbers greater than 106. The overall accuracy of flow calibrations are then dependent only on the accuracy with which the mean gas thermodynamic properties and condition of state at the nozzle entry can be determined.
Further Comments on Pontryagins Maximum Principle Applied to the Profile of a Beam
Authors: Dixon L. C. W. 
Published: June 2018

Following the appearance of my note on this subject in the July 1967 JOURNAL, Professor Hemp kindly pointed out a mistake in one of the basic assumptions. This has led to a recalculation of the results, and the correct results are given below.a width of beamb lower bound on height of beamd upper bound on height of beamE Modulus of elasticityh (x) height of beam at position xH the Pontryagin Hamiltoniani second moment of area=ah3/12i length of beamM (x) bending moment = rl, r2non-dimensional length parametersp density al lengthparamt non-dimensional length parameter=x/lu non-dimensional length parameter=h/lx horizontal distance from base of beamy (x) vertical displacement of the centre-line of beamY error function in hill climbing sequenceVectorsf phase space velocity vector =dX/dtP adjoint vectorX non-dimensional state vector
Experiences of City Heliport Operations
Authors: Meyersburg Robert B. 
Published: June 2018

This paper describes seven city heliports in the US, considering first their physical features and associated operating factors and, second, the possible application of the operational experience gained with these heliports to future heliport design.Three of the seven heliports are in New York City—the Pan American Building rooftop, Wall Street Pier near the confluence of the Hudson and East Rivers, and the World's Fair Heliport. One is in Chicago, at Midway Airport. The remaining three are in California; Los Angeles International Airport, Anaheim / Disneyland, and Oakland.Taken collectively, the seven heliports are representative of city heliport operation in the US today. Taken individually, they represent considerable variation in the significant factors affecting their operation, such as noise, height above ground level, traffic control towers, interface with other modes of transportation, both air and surface, lighting, instrument operation, obstacle clearance, turbulence, and related factors.
The Future City Centre Heliport
Authors: Payne N. J. 
Published: June 2018

A forecast of future development for a period of 10 years postulates a complete change in civil air transport. Future city centre heliport developments are considered from an airport operator's point of view.Full consideration has been given to helicopter sites in London by the Morris Report of 1961 and a VTOL Working Party of the Aeronautical Research Committee is now considering a report on the siting of Terminals for an Intraurban VTOL transport system.Generally, the main considerations of committees on heliports consider the problems under the headings: —1. Characteristics of the aircraft.2. Noise limitations.3. Safety, including aerodynamic effect of neighbouring buildings.4. Air traffic control and operating procedures.5. Traffic growth considerations.6. Design layout and location of terminals.7. Access to the city centre must be good and possibly not more than 15 minutes journey time.