bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart failure in the outpatient versus inpatient setting: findings from the BIOSTAT‐CHF study
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Metra Marco , Mordi Ify , Gregson John , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Tromp Jasper , Anker Stefan D. , Dickstein Kenneth , Hillege Hans L. , Ng Leong L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Lang Chim C. , Voors Adriaan A. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionPatients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) require additive therapies and have a poor prognosis. However, patient characteristics and clinical outcome between HF patients treated in the outpatient setting vs. those who are hospitalized remain scarce.Methods and resultsThe BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) included 2516 patients with symptoms and/or signs of HF: 1694 as inpatients and 822 as outpatients. Compared to ambulatory HF patients, inpatients had higher heart rate, urea, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, lower blood pressure, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, sodium, potassium, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, had more often peripheral oedema, diabetes, anaemia, and were less often treated with beta‐blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). Outpatients had a more frequent history of HF hospitalization and received more frequently beta‐blockers and/or ACEi/angiotensin receptor blockers up‐titrated to target doses (P < 0.001). Inpatients had higher rates of the primary outcome of death or HF hospitalization: incidence rate per 100 person‐years of 33.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 31.1–35.9] for inpatients vs. 18.5 (95% CI 16.4–21.0) for outpatients; adjusted hazard ratio 1.24 (95% CI 1.07–1.43). Subdividing patients into low, intermediate and high‐risk categories, the primary outcome event rates were 14.3 (95% CI 12.3–16.7), 36.6 (95% CI 32.2–41.5), and 71.3 (95% CI 64.4–79.0) for inpatients vs. 8.4 (95% CI 6.6–10.6), 29.8 (95% CI 24.5–36.2), and 43.3 (95% CI 34.7–54.0) for outpatients, respectively. These findings were externally replicated.ConclusionsMarked differences were observed between inpatients and outpatients with HF. Overall, inpatients were sicker and had higher event rates. However, a substantial proportion of outpatients had similar or higher event rates compared to inpatients. These findings suggest that HF outpatients also have poor prognosis and may be the focus of future trials.
A Novel Label Free Electrochemical Magnetoimmunosensor for Human Interleukin‐6 Quantification in Serum
Authors: Tertiş Mihaela , Melinte Gheorghe , Ciui Bianca , Şimon Ioan , Ştiufiuc Rareş , Săndulescu Robert , Cristea Cecilia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel magnetoimmunosensor, designed for sensitive and selective quantification of interleukin 6, is herein reported. The experimental design involves the covalent immobilization of anti‐interleukin 6 antibody through an amidic bond formed with the carboxyl functionalities provided at the surface of protein G‐functionalized magnetic microparticles, assuring a sandwich‐type immunoassay with electrochemical label free detection. All the experimental parameters involved in the elaboration and testing protocol were optimized. A linear calibration plot between the charge transfer resistance and the logarithmic concentration of interleukin‐6 was achieved in the 1 pg mL−1 to 1 μg mL−1 range. A limit of quantification of 1 pg mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.3 pg mL−1 were obtained. The optimized magnetoimmunosensor showed an excellent selectivity against some potentially interfering proteins and has been successfully applied for the determination of target protein in human serum, proving its clinical relevance.
A Model for Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessment in Liver Disease (GRAIL) in the Presence of Renal Dysfunction[Link]
Authors: Asrani Sumeet K. , Jennings Linda W. , Trotter James F. , Levitsky Josh , Nadim Mitra K. , Kim W.R. , Gonzalez Stevan A. , Fischbach Bernard , Bahirwani Ranjeeta , Emmett Michael , Klintmalm Goran 
Published: October 2018

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with liver disease is suboptimal in the presence of renal dysfunction. We developed a model for GFR assessment in liver disease (GRAIL) before and after liver transplantation (LT). GRAIL was derived using objective variables (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, age, gender, race, and albumin) to estimate GFR based on timing of measurement relative to LT and degree of renal dysfunction (www.bswh.md/grail). The measured GFR (mGFR) by iothalamate clearance (n = 12,122, 1985‐2015) at protocol time points before/after LT was used as reference. GRAIL was compared with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD‐4, MDRD‐6) equations for mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Prediction of development of chronic kidney disease (mGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, initiation of chronic dialysis) and listing or receipt of kidney transplantation within 5 years was examined in internal cohort (n = 785) and external validation (n = 68,217, 2001‐2015). GRAIL had less bias and was more accurate and precise as compared with CKD‐EPI, MDRD‐4, and MDRD‐6 at time points before/after LT for low GFR. For mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, the median difference (eGFR–mGFR) was GRAIL: 5.24 (9.65) mL/min/1.73 m2 as compared with CKD‐EPI: 8.70 (18.24) mL/min/1.73 m2, MDRD‐4: 8.82 (17.38) mL/min/1.73 m2, and MDRD‐6: 6.53 (14.42) mL/min/1.73 m2. Before LT, GRAIL correctly classified 75% as having mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus 36.1% (CKD‐EPI), 36.1% (MDRD‐4), and 52.8% (MDRD‐6) (P < 0.01). An eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 by GRAIL predicted development of CKD (26.9% versus 4.6% CKD‐EPI, 5.9% MDRD‐4, and 10.5% MDRD‐6) in center data and needing kidney after LT (48.3% versus 22.0% CKD‐EPI versus 23.1% MDRD‐4 versus 48.3% MDRD‐6, P < 0.01) in national data within 5 years after LT. Conclusion: GRAIL may serve as an alternative model to estimate GFR among patients with liver disease before and after LT at low GFR.
Spatio‐temporal variability in contributions to low flows in the high Alpine Poschiavino catchment
Authors: Floriancic Marius G. , van Meerveld Ilja , Smoorenburg Maarten , Margreth Michael , Naef Felix , Kirchner James W. , Molnar Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn order to predict streamflow accurately during extended dry periods, we need to understand the spatial variability of low flows and the extent to which it is affected by the spatial organization and drainage of catchment subsurface storage areas. This is especially true in Alpine catchments with widely varying topography, lithology, sediment deposits, and soil properties. Field measurements in the Poschiavino catchment in southern Switzerland, during a winter recession period without recharge, provided a unique opportunity to demonstrate the connections between subsurface storage areas, low flows, and their variability. We measured discharge in four nested sub‐catchments during seven field campaigns in the winter of 2013–2014. We analysed stream water electrical conductivity (EC) and water chemistry to identify the areas contributing to low‐flow discharge and estimated their contributions. Sediment cover type and thickness were mapped using a recently developed tool for geomorphology‐based storage classification of mountainous terrain, to determine the physical properties of the subsurface storage areas contributing to low‐flow discharge. Recession analyses combined with water chemistry data allowed the detection of different drainage timescales and the estimation of storage potential of the unconsolidated (Quaternary) deposits. We found substantial spatial variation in storage depletion between the sub‐catchments, ranging from 54 mm to 200 mm for the four‐month monitoring period. Variability in low‐flow contributions from different catchments and different recession behavior could be related to the differences in the estimated storage potential. For some point sources, we could quantify the contributing area and thus quantify low flows at the hillslope scale. Overall, the low‐flow variability is mostly related to the fraction of precipitation that recharges subsurface storage areas and to the properties influencing their drainage. To capture these processes, we suggest low‐flow geomorphological mapping approaches that consider not only morphometric (shape of the landscape) and geologic (properties of the bedrock) controls but also the water storage potential of debris cover and weathered rock.
The role of bodies in infants' categorical representations of humans and non‐human animals
Authors: Axelsson Emma L. , Moore Derek G. , Murphy Elizabeth M. , Goodwin Julia E. , Clifford Brian R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo investigate whether bodies are useful cues in infants' category formations, 7‐month‐old infants were familiarized to images of humans or non‐human animals followed by test pairs comprising a familiar category image and a hybrid image with a novel category body. Infants familiarized to humans did not demonstrate a novelty preference for hybrid stimuli with non‐human animal bodies. Infants familiarized with non‐human animals demonstrated a novelty preference for hybrid stimuli with human bodies, suggesting that there is an asymmetry in infants' category formations of bodies. Compared with infants familiarized to non‐human animals, the infants familiarized to humans had a higher proportional fixation count to bodies during familiarization, but the lack of preference for novel category bodies at test suggests that 7‐month‐old infants' representations of the features of human bodies are likely still developing and they are more likely to form a summary‐based categorical representation of non‐human animals.Highlights

This study tackles the question as to whether bodies are relevant cues for infants' category formations of humans and non‐human animals.
Infants were familiarized with a series of humans or non‐human animals and were subsequently presented with test pairs, one of which contained a novel category body. Only 7‐month‐olds presented with animal images preferred novel category human bodies. Infants in both conditions had a higher proportional fixation count to bodies within the figures, yet infants familiarized with humans failed to demonstrate a preference for novel category bodies.
Differing levels of familiarity with the categories could explain the asymmetry in infants' categorization of bodies of humans and animals. Infants' body representations are likely still developing at 7 months of age and after familiarization with human images, non‐human animal bodies do not appear sufficiently different for this age group.
An investigation of the effects of income inequality on financial fragility: Evidence from Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries
Authors: Amountzias Chrysovalantis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe main scope of the paper is to investigate the proposition that rising income inequality results in systemic financial instability in developed countries. In particular, 33 OECD (Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development) countries are studied in a panel Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework analysis over 1995–2015. There is a growing literature on the effects of income inequality on financial crises. This study provides significant evidence in favour of a positive relationship between income inequality and financial fragility, when particular factors are controlled for. Complementary findings also suggest that (a) debt accumulation in the private sector significantly depends on credit expansion, (b) the debt levels of the private sector and households co‐move over time, and (c) financial deregulation significantly contributes to financial instability. Therefore, policymakers should take into account regulatory reforms that will promote institutional and financial innovations to restrict debt accumulation and render the financial system more robust to destabilising shocks.
Financial development, sectoral effects, and international trade in Africa: An application of pooled mean group (PMG) estimation approach
Authors: Sare Yakubu Awudu , Aboagye Anthony Q.Q. , Mensah Lord 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExisting studies on financial development–international trade nexus have centred on the implications of finance for trade without investigating the transmission channels of finance on trade. More importantly, how financial sector development mediates the relationship between sectoral value additions and trade remains an unexplored area. This study addresses these gaps in the literature relying on panel data from 46 countries in Africa spanning 1980–2016. Our evidence based on the pooled mean group estimations suggest that, for both the long and short run, although the impact of sectoral value additions is contingent on the proxy of trade, financial sector development does not have a significant effect on international trade. This holds irrespective of the measure of finance and international trade. However, after controlling for the transmission channels, a coexistence of a negative long run substitutionarity between finance and trade is found, and this is invariant of the indicator of finance and trade. On the mediation role, we find that higher sectoral value additions dampen the deleterious effect of finance on trade with huge impact emanating from the service sector. We discuss some key implications for policy.
Pairs trading across Mainland China and Hong Kong stock markets
Authors: Zhang Hanxiong , Urquhart Andrew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotivated by the rationale that market inefficiency arises from a combination of less than fully rational demand and limits to arbitrage, this paper investigates the profitability of pairs trading across Mainland China and Hong Kong on highly liquid large‐cap and midcap stocks from January 1996 to July 2017. We have three main findings. First, we find that pairs trading constrained within each market generates no significant abnormal returns. However, if investors can trade across Mainland China and Hong Kong, pairs trading is profitable after adjusting for risk and transaction costs, where the annualized abnormal return is 9% over the full sample. Second, by using a rolling‐window regression, we find that the profitability of the strategy is time‐varying. The bootstrap simulations suggest that the decline in profitability of the strategy since 2012 is due to random chance rather than poor ability of identifying mispriced stocks. However, the vast majority of profitable periods reflect the strategy's ability to choose profitable stocks rather than random chance. Third, the profitability of the strategy is somewhat sensitive to market conditions, most notably, the strategy is more profitable during longer term market turbulence. Overall, our empirical findings are consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis in that the integration of financial markets and market conditions determine the level of market efficiency.
On the time‐varying links between oil and gold: New insights from the rolling and recursive rolling approaches
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , Ozdemir Zeynel Abidin , Shahbaz Muhammad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study analyses the dynamic linkages between oil and gold prices for the spot and 1‐ to 12‐month futures markets using monthly data over the period 1983–2016. To do this, we use the rolling and recursive rolling Granger causality approaches. The distinguishing feature of this study from the previous studies is that this is the first study investigating the causal links between oil and gold using time‐varying causality tests. The findings show that the causality links between oil and gold display strong time variation. Although causal links are not detected for most of the study period, strong bidirectional or unidirectional causality is found in several subsamples. The duration of the periods with causality links varies from a few months to 3 years, whereas the duration for the noncausality periods might be 15 years long. By date stamping the causality links between oil and gold, our paper discovers that causality from oil to gold is related to large oil price changes, whereas causality from gold to oil is related to large financial crises. The evidence obtained in the paper points out the dangers of assuming a constant causality link between oil and gold markets because these links might break down unexpectedly. Our findings point out to the dangers of assuming noncausality between oil and gold particularly in hedging oil price risk using gold.
ON BEING MOTHER AND PATIENT: DIALECTICAL STRUGGLES DURING MEDICALLY HIGH‐RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Mccoyd Judith L.M. , Munch Shari , Curran Laura 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMedically high‐risk pregnancy (MHRP) affects 3 to 10% (diagnosis‐dependent) of pregnant women in the United States (National Institute of Child Health Development, 2015), threatening maternal and fetal well‐being. Although mothers’ prenatal distress and mother–infant attachment after birth have been quantitatively researched, little research has examined women's lived experiences of MHRP in the United States. We examined 16 women's experiences of MHRP during hospitalization at an urban, Northeastern U.S. hospital using an interpretive phenomenological approach. Our qualitative findings provide new understanding of how women expend tremendous energy simultaneously navigating new roles of mother and patient. While negotiating these roles, they experienced dialectical struggles and uncertainty relating to emotion management, locus of control, appraisals of self/others, and relational self. Women managed these conflicts within the contexts of their emerging maternal identity, patient–provider relationships, and social relationships. Women struggled as they managed emotion, determined their level of responsibility for fetal outcomes, appraised others and themselves, and worried about how they were perceived. This amplified distress and contributed to women's emotional exhaustion, sense of being overwhelmed, and stress burden. New explication of these energy‐depleting dynamic processes underlying women's experiences of MHRP and their impact on the future mother–infant relationship is considered, and strategies for psychosocial support are identified.
The effect of larger than cell diameter polylactic acid surface patterns on osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Alksne Milda , Simoliunas Egidijus , Kalvaityte Migle , Skliutas Edvinas , Rinkunaite Ieva , Gendviliene Ieva , Baltriukiene Daiva , Rutkunas Vygandas , Bukelskiene Virginija 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTopography of the scaffold is one of the most important factors defining the quality of artificial bone. However, the production of precise micro‐ and nano‐structured scaffolds, which is known to enhance osteogenic differentiation, is expensive and time‐consuming. Meanwhile, little is known about macro‐patterns (larger than cell diameter) effect on cell fate, while this kind of structures would significantly facilitate the manufacturing of artificial skeleton. Therefore, this research is focused on polylactic acid scaffold's macro‐pattern impact on rat's dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. For this study, two types of scaffolds were 3D printed: wavy and porous. Wavy scaffolds consisted of 188 μm wide joined threads, meaning that cells might have been curved on the filament as well as compressed in the groove. Porous scaffolds were designed to avoid groove formation and consisted of 500 μm threads, arranged in the woodpile manner, forming 300 μm diameter pores. We found that both macro‐surfaces influenced DPSC morphology compared to control. As a consequence, enhanced DPSC proliferation and increased osteogenic differentiation potential was registered in cells grown on these scaffolds. Finally, our results showed that the construction of an artificial bone did not necessarily require the precise structuring of the scaffold, because both types of macro‐topographic PLA scaffolds were sufficient enough to induce spontaneous DPSC osteogenic differentiation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 174–186, 2019.
miR‐26a modulates HGF and STAT3 effects on the kidney repair process in a glycerol‐induced AKI model in rats
Authors: Gattai Pedro Paulo , Maquigussa Edgar , da Silva Novaes Antonio , da Silva Ribeiro Rosemara , Varela Vanessa Araújo , Ormanji Milene Subtil , Boim Mirian Aparecida 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcute kidney injury is mostly reversible, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has a relevant role in the tissue repair. MicroRNA (miR)‐26a is an endogenous modulator of HGF. The role of miR‐26a in the kidney repair process was evaluated in Wistar rats submitted to an acute kidney injury model of rhabdomyolysis induced by glycerol (6 mL/kg). Animals were evaluated 3, 12, 48, 96, and 120 hours after glycerol injection. Serum creatinine (SCr) and gene expression of HGF, c‐met, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and miR‐26a were estimated. Also, tubular NK52E cells were transfected with anti‐miR26a and stimulated with Fe3+ for 24 hours to mimic the effects of myoglobin in vitro. SCr was highest after 48 hours. After 96 hours, SCr started to decrease, characterizing the recovery phase, with normalization after 120 hours. HGF expression increased during the onset phase (3 hours), with a low relationship with miR‐26a. In contrast, in the recovery phase, the increase in miR‐26a was coincident with HGF messenger RNA suppression, suggesting that in the recovery phase, miR‐26a may have a role in HGF modulation. Fe3+ induced cellular death after 3 hours and proliferation after 24 hours. There was no correlation between miR‐26a and STAT3 during the death phase; however, during the proliferation phase, an increase in STAT3 was paralleled with a decrease in miR‐26a. miR‐26a silencing induced increases in cell viability and the phosphorylated form of STAT3 protein expression in cells receiving Fe3+. In conclusion, miR‐26a may have a key role in modulating HGF levels after its proliferative effects have been triggered.
AP‐1 and the injury response of theGFAPgene
Authors: Brenner Michael , Messing Albee , Olsen Michelle L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreasedGFAPgene expression is a common feature of CNS injury, resulting in its use as a reporter to investigate mechanisms producing gliosis. AP‐1 transcription factors are among those proposed to participate in mediating the reactive response. Prior studies found a consensus AP‐1 binding site in theGFAPpromoter to be essential for activity of reporter constructs transfected into cultured cells, but to have little to no effect on basal transgene expression in mice. Since cultured astrocytes display some properties of reactive astrocytes, these findings suggested that AP‐1 transcription factors are critical for the upregulation ofGFAPin injury, but not for its resting level of expression. We have examined this possibility by comparing the injury response in mice oflacZtransgenes driven by humanGFAPpromoters that contain the wild‐type AP‐1 binding site to those in which the site is mutated. An intact AP‐1 site was found critical for aGFAPpromoter response to the three different injury models used: physical trauma produced by cryoinjury, seizures produced by kainic acid, and chronic gliosis produced in an Alexander disease model. An unexpected additional finding was that the responses of thelacZtransgenes driven by the wild‐type promoters were substantially less than that of the endogenous mouseGFAPgene. This suggests that theGFAPgene has previously unrecognized injury‐responsive elements that reside further upstream of the transcription start site than the 2.2 kb present in theGFAPpromoter segments used here.