bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Hole and Neutron Star Binary Mergers in Triple Systems. II. Merger Eccentricity and Spin–Orbit Misalignment
Authors: Liu Bin , Lai Dong , Wang Yi-Han 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We study the dynamical signatures of black hole (BH) and neutron star (NS) binary mergers via Lidov–Kozai oscillations induced by tertiary companions in hierarchical triple systems. For each type of binary (BH–BH and BH–NS), we explore a wide range of binary/triple parameters that lead to binary mergers and determine the distributions of merger time T
m, eccentricity (e
m), and spin–orbit misalignment angle (

) when the binary enters the LIGO/VIRGO band (10 Hz). We use the double-averaged (over both orbits) and single-averaged (over the inner orbit) secular equations, as well as N-body integration, to evolve systems with different hierarchy levels, including the leading-order post-Newtonian effect, de Sitter spin–orbit coupling, and gravitational radiation. We find that for merging BH–BH binaries with comparable masses, about 7% have e
m > 0.1 and 0.7% have e
m > 0.9. The majority of the mergers have significant eccentricities in the LISA band. The BH spin evolution and the final spin–orbit misalignment

are correlated with the orbital evolution and e
m. Mergers with negligible e
m (≲10−3) have a distribution of

that peaks around 90° (and thus favoring a projected binary spin parameter χ
eff ∼ 0), while mergers with larger e
m have more isotropic spin–orbit misalignments. For typical BH–NS binaries, strong octupole effects lead to more mergers with nonnegligible e
m (with ∼18% of the mergers having e
m > 0.1 and 2.5% having e
m > 0.9), and the final BH spin axis tends to be randomly oriented. Measurements or constraints on eccentric mergers and

from LIGO/VIRGO and LISA would provide useful diagnostics on the dynamical formation of merging BH or NS binaries in triples. The recently detected BH merger events may implicate such dynamical formation channel.
The z = 7.54 Quasar ULAS J1342+0928 Is Hosted by a Galaxy Merger
Authors: Bañados Eduardo , Novak Mladen , Neeleman Marcel , Walter Fabian , Decarli Roberto , Venemans Bram P. , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Carilli Chris , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Farina Emanuele P. , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present ALMA 0.″28 × 0.″20 (1.4 kpc × 1.0 kpc) resolution observations of the [C ii] 158 μm line and underlying dust continuum in the host galaxy of the most distant quasar currently known, ULAS J1342+0928 at z = 7.5413. Both the [C ii] and continuum are detected and spatially resolved. The [C ii] line is ∼1.5 times more extended than the continuum emission, showing an elongated and complex structure of approximately 3.2 kpc × 6.4 kpc. Two separate peaks are clearly seen (≳6σ each) in three 100 km s−1 width [C ii] channel maps. The velocity field of the [C ii] gas does not show evidence of a coherent rotation field but rather chaotic motion reminiscent of an ongoing merger.
Occupational infection risks in interventional radiology
Authors: Corr P. 
Published: August 2019

South African radiologists performing interventional and angiographic procedures are at risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis Band C and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Simple precautions reduce this risk substantially. It is important that radiologists and personnel working in the interventional suite are aware of the risk of infection, how to reduce the risk and how to prevent seroconversion after needle stick injuries.
Basal cell carcinoma, blue-white variant: Dermatoscopic findings in 32 cases
Authors: Quiñones-Venegas Ricardo , Paniagua-Santos Juan Enrique , Guevara-Gutierrez Elizabeth , Esteban-Salerni Gabriel , Gonzalez-Ramirez Roger Adrian , Tlacuilo-Parra Alberto 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is histopathological, but there are dermatoscopic criteria that confer high sensitivity and specificity to help the clinician improve its identification. However, the basal cell carcinoma blue-white variant does not totally meet these dermatoscopic criteria, and thus can be confused with other pigmented tumors. In the literature reviewed, we found only five cases of this variant.

Aims:
The present objective is to describe the dermatoscopic characteristics of the blue-white variant of basal cell carcinoma observed in a tertiary dermatology institute.

Methods:
The dermatoscopy files of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015 were reviewed.

Results:
A total of 32 cases with blue-white variant of basal cell carcinoma were observed over a period of 10 years. Of these cases, 97% presented dermatoscopic findings not included in the aforementioned criteria, such as whitish septa, structureless white areas, homogenous blue pigmentation and shiny white structures.

Limitations:
The small sample size and the retrospective nature of the design.

Conclusion:
We consider it important for dermatologists to know this rare variant of basal cell carcinoma and to familiarize themselves with their dermatoscopic findings, in order to prevent erroneous diagnoses or inadequate treatments.
Prevalencia de obesidad, sobrepeso y desnutrición en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UEES
Authors: Barillas Blanca González 
Published: August 2019

Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad, sobrepeso y desnutrición en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador. Esta investigación cuantitativa, transversal y de tipo descriptivo, se realizó en el 2009 en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UEES y se evaluaron 293 estudiantes. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron edad, genero, índice de masa corporal, actividad física, hábitos alimentarios, compromiso sistémico e hidratación. El 68.6% eran de género femenino y el 31.4% de género masculino, con edades entre 21 y 23 años. La prevalencia para desnutrición fue del 23.89%, 13.32% para sobrepeso leve, 9.57% para sobrepeso moderado, 5.8 % para obesidad, 4.79% para obesidad mórbida y un 42.66% de los estudiantes presentaron un índice de masa corporal normal. El 42.66% de los estudiantes evaluados presenta un índice de masa corporal normal; pero en su conjunto el 57.34% de los estudiantes están mal-nutridos siendo la sobre-nutrición (33.48%) el problema más grave seguido de la desnutrición (23.89%); lo que sugiere la ampliación de este estudio incluyendo a estudiantes de todas las carreras para la futura implementación de programas de orientación nutricional y prácticas de actividad física supervisada.
Experimental studies of a typical sprinkler piping system in hospitals
Authors: Lin Zhen-Yu , Lin Fan-Ru , Chai Juin-Fu , Chang Kuo-Chun 
Published: August 2019

Based on the issue of life safety and immediate needs of emergency medical services provided by hospitals after strong earthquakes, this paper aims to introduce a research programme on assessment and improvement strategies for a typical configuration of sprinkler piping systems in hospitals. The study involved component tests and subsystem tests. Cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate the inelastic behaviour of components including concrete anchorages, screwed fittings of small-bore pipes and couplings. Parts of a horizontal piping system of a seismic damaged sprinkler piping system were tested using shaking table tests. Furthermore, horizontal piping subsystems with seismic resistant devices such as braces, flexible pipes and couplings were also tested.
The test results showed that the main cause of damage was the poor capacity of a screwed fitting of the small-bore tee branch. The optimum improvement strategy to achieve a higher nonstructural performance level for the horizontal piping subsystem is to strengthen the main pipe with braces and decrease moment demands on the tee branch by the use of flexible pipes. The hysteresis loops and failure modes of components were further discussed and will be used to conduct numerical analysis of sprinkler piping systems in future studies.
Performance objectives for non-structural elements
Authors: Ferner Helen , Jury Rob , King Andrew , Wemyss Martin , Baird Andrew 
Published: August 2019

The recent earthquakes in New Zealand have raised awareness of the seismic vulnerability of non-structural elements and the costly consequences when non-structural elements perform poorly. Impacts on business continuity due to the damage of non-structural elements has been identified as a major cost and disruption issue in recent earthquakes in New Zealand, as well as worldwide. Clearly improvements in performance of non-structural elements under earthquake loads will yield benefits to society.
This paper explores the intended and expected performance objectives for non-structural elements. Possible historic differences in performance objective expectations for non-structural elements between building services engineers, fire engineers and structural engineers are discussed. Wider construction industry expectations are explored along with our experience of client and regulatory authority views.
The paper discusses the application and interpretation of the New Zealand earthquake loadings Standard NZS1170.5:2004 for the design of non-structural elements including possible differences in interpretation between building services, structural and fire engineers leading to confusion around the expected performance of non-structural elements under different limit states. It is based on the experience of several of the authors as members of the Standards committee for NZS1170.5:2004.
The paper concludes by discussing changes to NZS1170.5:2004 the authors have proposed as members of the NZS1170.5 Standards committee to clarify and address the identified issues. These changes clarify the classification of parts, requirements for consideration earthquake imposed deformations, parts supported on ledges, potential falling of parts, the combination of fire and earthquake loads, and the requirement for parts to be designed for both serviceability and ultimate limit states along with the effective introduction of a serviceability limit state for parts for occupational continuity.
Estimating co-seismic subsidence in the Hutt Valley resulting from rupture of the Wellington Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Townsend Dougal B. , Begg John G. , Van Dissen Russ J. , Rhoades David A. , Saunders Wendy S. A. , Little Timothy A. 
Published: August 2019

Ground deformation can contribute significantly to losses in major earthquakes. Areas that suffer permanent ground deformation in addition to strong ground shaking typically sustain greater levels of damage and loss than areas suffering strong ground-shaking alone. The lower Hutt Valley of the Wellington region, New Zealand, is adjacent to the active Wellington Fault. The long-term signal of vertical deformation there is subsidence, and the most likely driver of this is rupture of the Wellington Fault.
In 1855 the Mw ~8.2 Wairarapa Earthquake resulted in uplift of the lower Hutt Valley area and created an expectation that future earthquakes would do the same. However, sediments beneath the lower Hutt Valley floor up to c. 220 thousand years old provide data that when combined with the international sea level curve demonstrate cumulative net subsidence of up to c. 155 m during that period. Recent refinement of rupture parameters for the Wellington Fault (and other faults in the region), based on new field data, has spurred us to reassess estimates of vertical deformation in the Hutt Valley that would result from rupture of the Wellington Fault. Using a logic tree framework, we calculate subsidence for an “average” Wellington Fault event of ~1.9 m near Petone, ~1.7m near Lower Hutt City, ~1.4 m near Seaview, and ~0 m in the Taita area. Such a distribution of vertical deformation would result in large areas of Alicetown-Petone and Moera-Seaview subsiding below sea level. We also calculate and present “minimum” and “maximum” credible subsidence values, which are approximately half and twice the mean values, respectively. This ground deformation hazard certainly has societal implications, and we are working with local and regional councils to develop a range of mitigation strategies.
Clinicopathologic Diagnostic Approach to Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Manucha Varsha , Henegan John 
Published: August 2019

Context.—Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPCa) develops in a subset of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The clinical and histologic overlap of AVPCa with other neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate has resulted in a lack of consensus on its terminology and treatment.Objective.—To review AVPCa to familiarize pathologists with this entity so they can actively participate in the detection, ongoing research, and evolving management of AVPCa.Data Sources.—The English language literature was reviewed.Conclusions.—The current review summarizes the pathologic features of AVPCa, describes how it has been defined clinically, and discusses how biomarkers may inform treatment strategies in the future.
Eosinophilic Kidney Tumors: Old and New
Authors: Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Czaja Rebecca C. 
Published: August 2019

Context.—
Eosinophilic cytoplasm is the most common finding of difficult-to-classify kidney tumors. Morphology, cytogenetics, and immunohistochemical stains are discriminatory. This review compares well-recognized tumors such as granular clear cell carcinoma, papillary variants, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and oncocytoma and introduces newly described entities of hybrid oncocytic tumors, carcinomas defined by translocations, and carcinomas with deficiencies in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The focus is on immunostaining, clinical correlations, and differential diagnoses. Representative examples of some entities are presented with elaboration on their workup.

Objective.—
To provide a review of the differential diagnoses for renal neoplasms with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elaborate on methods that may assist with correct identification.

Data Sources.—
Review of current literature on kidney tumors with eosinophilic cytoplasm, as well as the authors' personal experience.

Conclusions.—
Eosinophilic cytoplasm is a feature shared by many kidney tumors. Understanding the morphologic differences and the role of ancillary studies is key when encountering such a tumor.
Efficient virus-induced gene silencing in Hibiscus hamabo Sieb. et Zucc. using tobacco rattle virus
Authors: Wang Zhiquan , Xu Xiaoyang , Ni Longjie , Guo Jinbo , Gu Chunsun 
Published: August 2019

Background
Hibiscus hamabo Sieb. et Zucc. is a semi-mangrove plant used for the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land, coastal afforestation and urban landscaping. The genetic transformation H. hamabo is currently inefficient and laborious, restricting gene functional studies on this species. In plants, virus-induced gene silencing provides a pathway to rapidly and effectively create targeted gene knockouts for gene functional studies.

Methods
In this study, we tested the efficiency of a tobacco rattle virus vector in silencing the cloroplastos alterados 1 (CLA1) gene through agroinfiltration.

Results
The leaves of H. hamabo showed white streaks typical of CLA1 gene silencing three weeks after agroinfiltration. In agroinfiltrated H. hamabo plants, the CLA1 expression levels in leaves with white streaks were all significantly lower than those in leaves from mock-infected and control plants.

Conclusions
The system presented here can efficiently silence genes in H. hamabo and may be a powerful tool for large-scale reverse-genetic analyses of gene functions in H. hamabo.
Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells overexpressing inducible nitric oxide synthase ameliorates diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction in rats
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Jun , Zhuan Li , Zang Guanghui , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong 
Published: August 2019

Background
Erectile dysfunction is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted much attention as a promising tool for the treatment of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in protecting penile tissues from fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of ADSCs overexpressing iNOS on DMED in rats.

Methods
ADSCs were isolated and infected with adenovirus overexpressing iNOS (named as ADSCs-iNOS). The expression of iNOS was detected using western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control group, DMED group, ADSCs group, ADSCs-EGFP group and ADSCs-iNOS group. 5 × 105 cells were given once via the intracorporal route. Two weeks after treatment, erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Penile tissues were obtained and evaluated at histology level.

Results
We found that ADSCs-iNOS had significantly higher expression of iNOS at mRNA and protein levels and generated more nitric oxide (NO). ADSCs-iNOS reduced collagen I and collagen IV expression of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in cell co-culture model. Transforming growth factor-β1 expression in CCSMCs reduced following co-culture with ADSCs-iNOS. Injection of ADSCs-iNOS significantly ameliorated DMED in rats and decreased collagen/smooth muscle cell ratio of penile tissues. Moreover, elevated NO and cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentrations were detected in penile tissues of ADSCs-iNOS group.

Conclusion
Taken together, ADSCs-iNOS significantly improved erectile function of DMED rats. The therapeutic effect may be achieved by increased NO generation and the suppression of collagen I and collagen IV expression in the CCSMCs to decrease penile fibrosis.
The Effect of Oral Intake of Sodium Benzoate on the Activity of Liver Marker Enzymes and Electrolyte Level of the Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Oghenetekevwe Efekemo, , Bassey Essien, Eka , Oronne Akaninwor, Joyce 
Published: August 2019

The in vivo effect of oral administration of varying concentrations (150, 250, 500 mg/kg body wt) of sodium benzoate (a known preservative in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry) on serum liver marker enzyme activity and electrolyte levels of wistar albino rats were investigated. The oral intake was administered at 24 hour intervals for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The groups were labeled; control (group 1), 7days (group 2), 14days (group 3), 21 days (group 4) and 28days (group 5). The rats were fed normal diet ad libitum and blood sample for the determination was taken at the end of the duration. For serum electrolytes, the result obtained for sodium benzoate concentrations administered showed significant (p≤0.05) increase in sodium (Na+) for groups 3, 4 and 5 for 150 mg/kg body wt. and group 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 250 mg/kg body wt and 500mg/kg body wt. of experimental rats. Chloride (Cl-) showed significant (p≤0.05) increase at all administered groups for 250 mg/kg and 500mg/kg. Potassium (K+) was only significantly increased at group 5 for 500mg/kg body wt. while for bicarbonate (HCO3) it showed no significant change in all treated groups. Values were all compared to the control. For liver marker enzymes, sodium benzoate significantly increased (p≤0.05) aspartate transaminase (AST) activity of experimental rats in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 of 250 mg/kg body wt. and 500mg/kg body wt., alanine transaminase (ALT) showed significant increase (p≤0.05) in group 4 and 5 for 250 mg/kg body wt and group 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 500 mg/kg body wt., alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed significant (p≤0.05) increase in group 2, 3, 4 and 5 for 500 mg/kg body wt.These findings suggest possible changes in blood chemistry due to the preservative.
Soft‐Switching in Power Electronic Converters–An Introduction
Authors: Moschopoulos Gerry 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPower electronic converters serve as the standard interface between source and load in almost any electrical equipment. They have power semiconductor devices that are operated as ON/OFF switches at high switching frequencies. These switching devices are not ideal, however, and generate a considerable amount of switching losses that reduce converter efficiency. The main cause of these losses is the overlap of voltage and current that occurs whenever a switch transitions from being fully on or fully off, or vice versa. A significant reduction of these switching losses can be achieved if a converter switch is made to operate with “soft‐switching,” with switching transitions that are gradual as opposed to sudden or hard. Soft‐switching methods can generally be classified as being either zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) with the switch voltage made to be zero during a switching transition or zero‐current switching (ZCS) with the switch voltage made to be zero during a switching transition. Making either the voltage or current of a switch zero during a switching transition ensures the reduction of any overlap of voltage and current and thus the reduction of switching losses.In this article, the basic principles of soft‐switching for dc‐dc power converters operating with high switching frequencies (>50 kHz) are reviewed. A number of soft‐switching methods for simple single‐switch converters such as the boost and buck converters are presented along with methods for more sophisticated dc‐dc converters such as the forward, flyback, and full‐bridge converters. Each method is described in some detail and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The article also presents some brief discussion of soft‐switching methods for ac‐dc converters and dc‐ac inverters as well.
miRNA expression changes during the course of neoadjuvant bevacizumab and chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer
Authors: Lindholm Evita Maria , Ragle Aure Miriam , Haugen Mads Haugland , Kleivi Sahlberg Kristine , Kristensen Vessela N. , Nebdal Daniel , Børresen‐Dale Anne‐Lise , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Engebraaten Olav 
Published: August 2019

One of the hallmarks of cancer is sustained angiogenesis. Favorable results have been reported in some breast cancer (BC) patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab (Bev) in combination with chemotherapy, and further knowledge on how Bev can be optimally combined with conventional treatment to increase efficacy is strongly needed. In this randomized, neoadjuvant phase II clinical trial, 132 patients with HER2‐negative, nonmetastatic BC were treated with Bev in combination with sequential chemotherapy. Biopsies were sampled before treatment, after 12 weeks with anthracycline and after taxane therapy at week 25. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling was performed on biopsies from each time point. Altogether, 241 biopsies were analyzed with the aim of identifying miRNA‐based biomarkers of response to therapy. Results from the miRNA analyses were reported for the ER‐positive cohort, which were previously demonstrated to benefit from antiangiogenic therapy in this study. For both treatment arms of this cohort, significantly different expression was observed for 217 miRNAs between objective responding and nonresponding patients before treatment initiation. These miRNAs have been linked to regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and tumor growth, among other processes. Bev in combination with chemotherapy resulted in similar miRNA changes to chemotherapy alone. However, the deregulation of miRNA expression occurred earlier in the Bev arm. In both arms, tumor suppressor miRNAs were found upregulated after treatment, while oncogenic miRNAs were downregulated in the Bev arm. Patients responding to Bev showed a strong correlation between deregulated miRNAs and decreased proliferation score during the course of treatment, with downregulation of miR‐4465 as the strongest indicator of reduced proliferation. Integrative analyses at miRNA‐, gene‐, and protein expression further indicated a longitudinal decrease in proliferation. Altogether, the results indicate that proliferation might represent a predictive factor for increased Bev sensitivity, which may aid in the identification of patients who could potentially benefit from Bev.