bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STING‐dependent induction of neutrophilic asthma exacerbation in response to house dust mite
Authors: Messaoud‐Nacer Yasmine , Culerier Elodie , Rose Stéphanie , Maillet Isabelle , Boussad Rania , Veront Chloé , Savigny Florence , Malissen Bernard , Radzikowska Urszula , Sokolowska Milena , da Silva Gabriel V. L. , Edwards Michael R. , Jackson David J. , Johnston Sebastian L. , Ryffel Bernhard , Quesniaux Valerie F. , Togbe Dieudonnée 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere refractory, neutrophilic asthma remains an unsolved clinical problem. STING agonists induce a neutrophilic response in the airways, suggesting that STING activation may contribute to the triggering of neutrophilic exacerbations. We aim to determine whether STING‐induced neutrophilic lung inflammation mimics severe asthma.MethodsWe developed new models of neutrophilic lung inflammation induced by house dust mite (HDM) plus STING agonists diamidobenzimidazole (diABZI) or cGAMP in wild‐type, and conditional‐STING‐deficient mice. We measured DNA damage, cell death, NETs, cGAS/STING pathway activation by immunoblots, N1/N2 balance by flow cytometry, lung function by plethysmography, and Th1/Th2 cytokines by multiplex. We evaluated diABZI effects on human airway epithelial cells from healthy or patients with asthma, and validated the results by transcriptomic analyses of rhinovirus infected healthy controls vs patients with asthma.ResultsDiABZI administration during HDM challenge increased airway hyperresponsiveness, neutrophil recruitment with prominent NOS2+ARG1− type 1 neutrophils, protein extravasation, cell death by PANoptosis, NETs formation, extracellular dsDNA release, DNA sensors activation, IFNγ, IL‐6 and CXCL10 release. Functionally, STING agonists exacerbated airway hyperresponsiveness. DiABZI caused DNA and epithelial barrier damage, STING pathway activation in human airway epithelial cells exposed to HDM, in line with DNA‐sensing and PANoptosis pathways upregulation and tight‐junction downregulation induced by rhinovirus challenge in patients with asthma.ConclusionsOur study identifies that triggering STING in the context of asthma induces cell death by PANoptosis, fueling the flame of inflammation through a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response recapitulating the features of severe asthma with a prognostic signature of type 1 neutrophils.
Stimulation of the withdrawal reflex in gait training after stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Krewer Carmen , Fischer Elaine , Spaich Erika G. , Jahn Klaus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAfter a stroke many people experience hemiparesis, resulting in walking difficulties which affects independence, mobility, and participation in activities of daily living. Activating the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) during gait training aims to support the initiation and facilitation of the swing phase of the paretic leg. The aim of this review is to investigate the orthotic and therapeutic effects of a NWR stimulation intervention to improve gait in patients after a stroke.MethodsWe searched the databases CENTRAL, DORIS, MEDLINE, and PEDro, trial registers and reference lists. We selected randomized controlled trials using any type of stimulation of the NWR in people after stroke, comparing it to any control intervention, and reporting a change in gait performance assessed by means of any appropriate measurement method.ResultsWe included three studies in this review, all of which used electrical stimulation to elicit the NWR during walking. The orthotic effect was investigated in one study, and the therapeutic effect in two studies, comparing walking with and without electrical stimulation‐triggered NWR. The meta‐analysis revealed a borderline statistical significance result for the therapeutic effect. The pooled mean difference between the treatment and control group (random‐effects model) for walking speed was 0.13 m/s (95% CI −0.04 to 0.29; I2 = 72%) after treatment and 0.17 m/s (95% CI −0.03 to 0.37; I2 = 62%) at follow‐up.ConclusionActivating the NWR during gait training has not been investigated frequently so far. By using electrical stimulation‐elicited NWR, severely affected hemiparetic patients may improve their walking speed.
From recorded to AI‐generated instructional videos: A comparison of learning performance and experience
Authors: Xu Tao , Liu Yuan , Jin Yaru , Qu Yueyao , Bai Jie , Zhang Wenlan , Zhou Yun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGenerative AI (GAI) and AI‐generated content (AIGC) have been increasingly involved in our work and daily life, providing a new learning experience for students. This study examines whether AI‐generated instructional videos (AIIV) can facilitate learning as effectively as traditional recorded videos (RV). We propose an instructional video generation pipeline that includes customized GPT (Generative Pre‐trained Transformer), text‐to‐speech and lip synthesis techniques to generate videos from slides and a clip or a photo of a human instructor. Seventy‐six students were randomly assigned to learn English words using either AIIV or RV, with performance assessed by retention, transfer and subjective measures from cognitive, emotional, motivational and social perspectives. The findings indicate that the AIIV group performed as well as the RV group in facilitating learning, with AIIV showing higher retention but no significant differences in transfer. RV was found to offer a stronger sense of social presence. Although other subjective measures were similar between the two groups, AIIV was perceived as slightly less favourable. However, the AIIV was still found to be moderately to highly attractive, addressing concerns related to the uncanny valley effect. This research demonstrates that AIGC can be an effective tool for learning, offering valuable implications for the use of GAI in educational settings.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Instructional videos, especially those featuring a teacher's presence, have been widely used in second language learning to facilitate learning.
Producing instructional videos is costly and burdensome.
Generative AI has great potential for generating educational content.
What this paper adds

An AI‐generated instructional video (including generated lecture text, voice and appearance) demonstrated greater improvement in students' retention performance in English word learning than a traditional recorded video.
Students perceived no significant differences between the AI‐generated instructional video and recorded video in satisfaction, motivation, trust, cognitive load, emotions and parasocial interaction dimensions, although the AI‐generated instructional video group reported slightly lower values.
Despite AI‐generated instructional video eliciting a significantly lower value of social presence than recorded video, it led to a reduction in cognitive load and better performance.
Implications for practice and/or policy

We recommend using the AI‐generated instructional video in both physical and online classes for its positive effects on both learning achievement and learning experience.
The findings indicate the equivalence principle in AI‐generated content, highlighting that the appearance, voice and lecture text generated by current AI technology have reached a certain level of quality.
Emerging Roots: Investigating Early Access to Meaning in Maltese Auditory Word Recognition
Authors: Nieder Jessica , van de Vijver Ruben , Ussishkin Adam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Semitic languages, the consonantal root is central to morphology, linking form and meaning. While psycholinguistic studies highlight its importance in language processing, the role of meaning in early lexical access and its representation remain unclear. This study investigates when meaning becomes accessible during the processing of Maltese verb forms, using a computational model based on the Discriminative Lexicon framework. Our model effectively comprehends and produces Maltese verbs, while also predicting response times in a masked auditory priming experiment. Results show that meaning is accessible early in lexical access and becomes more prominent after the target word is fully processed. This suggests that semantic information plays a critical role from the initial stages of lexical access, refining our understanding of real‐time language comprehension. Our findings contribute to theories of lexical access and offer valuable insights for designing priming studies in psycholinguistics. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential of computational models in investigating the relationship between form and meaning in language processing.
Of Mouses and Mans: A Test of Errorless Versus Error‐Based Learning in Children
Authors: Waller Megan , Yurovsky Daniel , Nozari Nazbanou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor both adults and children, learning from one's mistakes (error‐based learning) has been shown to be advantageous over avoiding errors altogether (errorless learning) in pedagogical settings. However, it remains unclear whether this advantage carries over to nonpedagogical settings in children, who mostly learn language in such settings. Using irregular plurals (e.g., “mice”) as a test case, we conducted a corpus analysis (N = 227) and two preregistered experiments (N = 56, N = 99), to investigate the potency of error‐based learning as a mechanism for language acquisition in 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children. The results of the corpus analysis showed that incidental feedback after errors, in the form of caregivers’ reformulations of children's errors, was relatively infrequent, had modest informational value, and was rarely used by children to correct their errors immediately. The following two experiments contrasted error‐based learning with errorless learning, where the correct utterance was modeled for the child before a potential error was committed. The results showed that error‐based learning was not always effective, and when it was, it was certainly not superior to errorless learning. Collectively, these findings question the extension of the benefits of error‐based learning from pedagogical to nonpedagogical settings and define constraints under which one mechanism may be more beneficial to learning than the other.
Autistic Traits, Communicative Efficiency, and Social Biases Shape Language Learning in Autistic and Allistic Learners
Authors: Fletcher Lauren , Rabagliati Hugh , Culbertson Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is ample evidence that individual‐level cognitive mechanisms active during language learning and use can contribute to the evolution of language. For example, experimental work suggests that learners will reduce case marking in a language where grammatical roles are reliably indicated by fixed word order, a correlation found robustly in the languages of the world. However, such research often assumes homogeneity among language learners and users, or at least does not dig into individual differences in behavior. Yet, it is increasingly clear that language users vary in a large number of ways: in culture, in demographics, and—critically for present purposes—in terms of cognitive diversity. Here, we explore how neurodiversity impacts behavior in an experimental task similar to the one summarized above, and how this behavior interacts with social pressures. We find both similarities and differences between autistic and nonautistic English‐speaking individuals, suggesting that neurodiversity can impact language change in the lab. This, in turn, highlights the potential for future research on the role of neurodivergent populations in language evolution more generally.
Practical guide to SHAP analysis: Explaining supervised machine learning model predictions in drug development
Authors: Ponce‐Bobadilla Ana Victoria , Schmitt Vanessa , Maier Corinna S. , Mensing Sven , Stodtmann Sven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite increasing interest in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) models for drug development, effectively interpreting their predictions remains a challenge, which limits their impact on clinical decisions. We address this issue by providing a practical guide to SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a popular feature‐based interpretability method, which can be seamlessly integrated into supervised ML models to gain a deeper understanding of their predictions, thereby enhancing their transparency and trustworthiness. This tutorial focuses on the application of SHAP analysis to standard ML black‐box models for regression and classification problems. We provide an overview of various visualization plots and their interpretation, available software for implementing SHAP, and highlight best practices, as well as special considerations, when dealing with binary endpoints and time‐series models. To enhance the reader's understanding for the method, we also apply it to inherently explainable regression models. Finally, we discuss the limitations and ongoing advancements aimed at tackling the current drawbacks of the method.
A netnographic study of anabolic‐androgenic steroid initiation videos on YouTube
Authors: Gill Matthew J. , Piatkowski Timothy , Dunn Matthew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionYouTube personalities (YP) have amassed significant followings by distributing health information. There is concern that YP involved in anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) communities are sharing information on how people should approach initiating AAS use. This research sought to explore how YP are using their platform to distribute information on AAS initiation, what information is being presented and how people are responding.MethodsThis mixed methods research utilised a netnographic approach, a method adapted from traditional ethnographic techniques for the study of online sociocultural phenomena. The research included a selection of YouTube videos (n = 37) and user comments replying to the videos (n = 584).ResultsYP addressed the positives and negatives of AAS initiation (76%; n = 28 and 76%; n = 28 respectively), provided harm reduction strategies (76%; n = 28), and advice on which AAS people should use (97%; n = 36). A qualitative thematic analysis of the comments found two overarching themes: ‘Authenticity, capital and the influence of the YP on their audiences’ and ‘The evolving landscape of enhancement and health’. Viewers engaged with the videos due to the YPs lived experience using AAS, and YP influenced the health behaviours of viewers. Many believed that the videos were useful for health and lifestyle enhancement purposes.Discussion and ConclusionsYP are disseminating diverse information on AAS initiation which is derived from their lived experience using AAS. Harm reduction is a key component of the YPs' message and viewers responded positively to a balanced and honest assessment of AAS initiation which is perceived to respect their personal autonomy.
Extinction and Ecosystem Function Debt Across Dispersal Rate and Behaviour in a Heterogeneous Metacommunity Model
Authors: Ai Dexiecuo , Ostling Annette , Ellwood M. D. Farnon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimHabitat destruction causes “extinction debt” and is also thought to produce ecosystem function debt, but theory of their magnitude and nature is limited. Heterogeneous landscapes are fundamental to the maintenance of species richness and ecosystem function, while directed or undirected dispersal behaviour, such as dispersal of seeds by animals or by the wind, is also important, especially after habitat destruction. We therefore consider extinction and ecosystem function debt under different dispersal rates and behaviours in heterogeneous landscapes.MethodsWe use a classic heterogeneous metacommunity model to capture the dynamics of competing species in local patches linked by dispersal and varying in environmental conditions. We remove one patch at a time and measure extinction debt and ecosystem function debt by the number/proportion of delayed extinctions and the amount of biomass change, respectively.ResultsWe reveal three species extinction regimes as dispersal increases: (1). species most adapted to the removed habitat are most at risk; (2). similarly adapted species are also at risk; (3). patch removal shifts competitive balance among the few species coexisting at high dispersal, where competition is strong. We find surprisingly that destruction of habitat can hasten the extinction of those species best adapted to harsh environments and that the proportion of diversity at risk from extinction actually increases with dispersal because competition is intense there. Finally, there can be a small ecosystem credit but extinction debt when dispersers reroute to potentially more favourable remaining habitats (directed dispersal), especially when harsh environments are removed. However, ecosystem debt occurs and can be large under undirected dispersal.Main ConclusionsThe magnitude and nature of extinction and ecosystem function debts depend on species dispersal rates and behaviours, as well as the environmental conditions of the disturbed habitats. Conservation actions will be more successful if they consider these factors.
Diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality among older adults: an individual participant data analysis of five prospective studies
Authors: Aponte Ribero Valerie , Efthimiou Orestis , Abolhassani Nazanin , Alwan Heba , Bauer Douglas C. , Henrard Séverine , Christiaens Antoine , O’Mahony Denis , Knol Wilma , Peters Mike J. L. , Chiolero Arnaud , Aujesky Drahomir , Waeber Gérard , Rodondi Nicolas , Del Giovane Cinzia , Gencer Baris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines and studies provide conflicting information on whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) should be considered a coronary heart disease risk (CHD) equivalent in older adults.MethodsWe synthesized participant‐level data on 82,723 individuals aged ≥65 years from five prospective studies in two‐stage meta‐analyses. We estimated multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of T2D (presence versus absence) on a primary composite outcome defined as cardiovascular events or all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were the components of the composite. We evaluated CHD risk equivalence by comparing outcomes between individuals with T2D but no CHD versus CHD but no T2D.ResultsThe median age of participants was 71 years, 20% had T2D and 17% had CHD at baseline. A total of 29,474 participants (36%) experienced the composite outcome. Baseline T2D was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events or all‐cause mortality versus no T2D (HR 1.44, 95% CI [1.40–1.49]). The association was weaker in individuals aged ≥75 years versus 65–74 years (HR 1.32 [1.19–1.46] vs. 1.56 [1.50–1.62]; p‐value for interaction = .032). Compared to individuals with CHD but no T2D, individuals with T2D but no CHD had a similar risk of the composite outcome (HR 0.95 [0.85–1.07]), but a lower risk of cardiovascular events (HR 0.76 [0.59–0.98]).ConclusionsT2D was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality in older adults, but T2D without CHD conferred lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to CHD without T2D. Our results suggest that T2D should not be considered a CHD risk equivalent in older adults.
US Higher Education's Civic Responsibility to Educate for Informal Political Representation
Authors: Brust Caitlin Murphy , Widmaier Hannah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, Caitlin Murphy Brust and Hannah Widmaier begin with the assumption that highly selective institutions of higher education in the United States have a duty to promote civic equality. They employ Wendy Salkin's theory of informal political representation to examine how highly selective institutions should go about promoting civic equality. According to Salkin's theory, someone serves as an informal political representative (IPR) when they speak or act on behalf of others, without having been selected to do so via a systematized selection procedure. Brust and Widmaier argue that as part of their civic educational missions, highly selective institutions should educate their students for informal political representation, and this includes equipping students to (1) serve as effective IPRs, (2) be responsible audience members to others' informal political representation, and (3) deliberate carefully and with open‐mindedness about when they should or should not take on the role of IPR. Brust and Widmaier examine two types of injustice that students from marginalized communities face at highly selective institutions, and they explore how education for informal political representation might ameliorate those injustices. The authors conclude by offering some practical suggestions to institutional policymakers and educators.
Quantitative EEG biomarkers for STXBP1‐related disorders
Authors: Cossu Alberto , Furia Francesca , Proietti Jacopo , Ancora Caterina , Reale Chiara , Darra Francesca , Previtali Roberto , Bernardina Bernardo Dalla , Rubboli Guido , Beniczky Sandor , Møller Rikke S. , Cantalupo Gaetano , Gardella Elena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveEEG patterns and quantitative EEG (qEEG) features have been poorly explored in monogenic epilepsies. Herein, we investigate regional differences in EEG frequency composition in patients with STXBP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (STXBP1‐DEE).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study collecting electroclinical data of patients with STXBP1‐DEE and two control groups of patients with DEEs of different etiologies and typically developing individuals matched for age and sex. We performed a (1) visual EEG assessment, (b) qEEG analysis, and (c) electrical source imaging (ESI). We quantified the relative power (RP) of four frequency bands (α β, θ, δ), in two electrode groups (anterior/posterior), and compared their averages and dynamics (standard deviation [SD] over time). The ESI was performed by applying the standard Distributed Source Modeling algorithm.ResultsWe analyzed 42 EEG studies in 19 patients with STXBP1‐DEE (10 female), with a median age at recordings of 9.6 years (range 9 months to 29 years). The δRP was higher in recordings of STXBP1‐DEE (p < .001) compared to both control groups, suggesting the pathogenicity and STXBP1‐specificity of these findings. In STXBP1‐DEE, the δRP was significantly higher in the anterior electrode group compared to the posterior one (p = .003). There was no correlation between the anterior δRP and the epilepsy focus, age at recordings, and concomitant medications The ESI modeling of this activity showed a widespread involvement of the dorsomesial frontal cortex, suggesting a large corticosubcortical pathologic network. Finally, we identified two groups of recordings: cluster.1 with higher anterior δRP and low dynamics and cluster.2 with lower δRP and higher dynamics. Patients in cluster.1 had a more severe epilepsy and neurological phenotype compared to patients in cluster 2.SignificanceThe qEEG analysis showed a predominant frontal slow activity as a specific STXBP1 feature that correlates with the severity of the phenotype and may represent a biomarker for prospective longitudinal studies of STXBP1‐DEE.