bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective-Permitting Hindcast Simulations during the North American Monsoon GPS Transect Experiment 2013: Establishing Baseline Model Performance without Data Assimilation
Authors: Moker James M. , Castro Christopher L. , Arellano Avelino F. , Serra Yolande L. , Adams David K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring the North American monsoon global positioning system (GPS) Transect Experiment 2013, daily convective-permitting WRF simulations are performed in northwestern Mexico and the southern Arizona border region using the operational Global Forecast System (GFS) and North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) models as lateral boundary forcing and initial conditions. Compared to GPS precipitable water vapor (PWV), the WRF simulations display a consistent moist bias in the initial specification of PWV leading to convection beginning 3–6 h early. Given appreciable observed rainfall, days are classified as strongly and weakly forced based only on the presence of an inverted trough (IV); gulf surges did not noticeably impact the development of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and related convection in northwestern Mexico. Strongly forced days display higher modeled precipitation forecast skill than weakly forced days in the slopes of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) away from the crest, especially toward the west where MCSs account for the greatest proportion of all monsoon-related precipitation. A case study spanning 8–10 July 2013 illustrates two consecutive days when nearly identical MCSs evolved over northern Sonora. Although a salient MCS is simulated on the strongly forced day (9–10 July 2013) when an IV is approaching the core monsoon region, a simulated MCS is basically nonexistent on the weakly forced day (8–9 July 2013) when the IV is farther away. The greater sensitivity to the initial specification of PWV in the weakly forced day suggests that assimilation of GPS-derived PWV for these types of days may be of greatest value in improving model precipitation forecasts.
A Characterization of the Delaware Sea Breeze Using Observations and Modeling
Authors: Hughes Christopher P. , Veron Dana E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSea-breeze circulations are a prominent source of diurnal wind variability along coastlines throughout the world. For Delaware, the sea breeze is the largest source of variability in the coastal wind field. We developed a detailed, year-round sea-breeze climatology for the Delaware coastline using 9 years of meteorological station data and an objective sea-breeze detection algorithm. Sea-breeze fronts were identified and characterized by timing, speed, and duration as well as the resulting temperature and humidity changes. The observed temperature change associated with the Delaware sea-breeze front varied spatially, as well as with season, time of day, location, and developmental stage of the front. The observed sea breeze also had some unique features because of the location of southern Delaware on the Delmarva Peninsula and the complicated shape of the local coastline. Details of the summertime sea breeze were further explored using simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for June–August of 2000–09. Model-simulated sea-breeze characteristics were then compared with the observed sea-breeze climatology whenever possible. Results suggest that the mesoscale atmospheric model is capable of simulating the complex, observed spatial and temporal characteristics of the Delaware Sea breeze. However, the sea breeze in the model was weaker than that observed and tended to dissipate earlier in the afternoon, making it a challenging phenomenon to detect and characterize in the model. Improved detection and simulation of the sea-breeze fronts will increase our understanding of the impact this regional phenomenal has on the local climate and on the populations living by the coast.
Spontaneous Emission of Spiral Inertia–Gravity Waves and Formation of Elliptical Eyewalls in Tropical Cyclone–Like Vortices: Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Simulations
Authors: Menelaou Konstantinos , Yau M. K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Although intense tropical cyclones (TCs) are considered to be axisymmetric vortices, observations reveal that they are often highly asymmetric. Better understanding of the underlying asymmetric dynamics is a critical step toward advancing TC intensity forecasting. In this paper, we revisit the mechanisms behind one of the most frequent asymmetric patterns: the deformation of the core into an elliptical shape. Previously, elliptical eyewalls were primarily thought to be an outcome of barotropic instability, a mechanism that involves the coupling and mutual growth of counterpropagating vortex Rossby (VR) waves. These results were largely based on simplified numerical models that filter out inertia–gravity (IG) waves. Consideration of IG waves introduces the possibility of an additional instability mechanism, one that involves a VR wave that spontaneously emits a spiral IG wave into the environment. We provide evidence that elliptical eyewalls, which may form within a three-dimensional primitive-equation nonlinear model that supports both instability types, can solely originate by the mechanism of spontaneous radiative imbalance. These evidences are supported by a number of nonlinear simulations, supplemental linear eigenmode analysis, and a linear simulation. The potential role of a multimechanistic instability is also briefly addressed.
Social enterprises, marketing, and sustainable public service provision
Authors: Powell Madeline , Osborne Stephen P. 
Published: April 2018

This article explores whether social enterprises are capable of fulfilling the public policy rhetoric surrounding them, to become sustainable providers of public services. It does this by examining their marketing activity within North-East England and focuses on social enterprises delivering adult social care public services. It finds that social enterprises are employing a product-dominant approach to marketing rather than a service-oriented, relationship marketing, approach. This undermines their ability to build the enduring relationships with all their key stakeholders that are the key to effective service management and fatally weakens their potential as sustainable public service providers. The article subsequently uses service theory to build an alternative model of marketing and business practice predicated precisely upon the need to build such relationships. Points for practitioners This article points to the need for public service practitioners to embrace a service orientation to the management of public services, rather than a product-dominant one derived from manufacturing. It outlines the key elements of relationship marketing in particular and highlights how this approach can contribute substantially to sustainable public service provision.
Comparison of hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures
Authors: Barışhan Fatih Canşah , Akesen Burak , Atıcı Teoman , Durak Kemal , Bilgen Muhammed Sadık 
Published: April 2018

Objective This study was performed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated with either hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients. Morbidity and mortality were also evaluated. Methods Twenty-two patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty and 16 patients who underwent THA for treatment of Garden type 3–4 FNFs from 2012 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. All patients were >65 years of age. Cox regression analysis was performed for mortality evaluation. Results The postoperative blood loss volume, decrease in the hemoglobin level, and transfusion rate were significantly higher in the THA group. The univariate mortality risk was higher in patients with a Charlson comorbidity score of >4, American Society of Anesthesiologists score of >2, Singh index of <3, and postoperative hospitalization of >1 week. Conclusion This study revealed no significant difference in the short-term clinical and radiological results between cementless hemiarthroplasty and THA in elderly patients with displaced FNFs. However, morbidity and mortality were associated with the presence of additional systemic diseases. THA is the preferred surgical technique in patients with displaced FNFs and low comorbidities.
Institutionalization and De-institutionalization in Post-communist Party Systems
Authors: Enyedi Zsolt , Casal Bértoa Fernando 
Published: April 2018

This article is part of the special cluster titled Parties and Democratic Linkage in Post-Communist Europe, guest edited by Lori Thorlakson, and will be published in the August 2018 issue of EEPS In an article written in 1995 titled “What Is Different about Postcommunist Party Systems?” Peter Mair applied the method that he called “ ex adverso extrapolation.” He matched his knowledge of the process of consolidation of party systems in the West with what was known at that time about Eastern European history, society, and the emerging post-communist party politics. Considering factors such as the existence of fluid social structures, the weakness of civil society, or the destabilizing impact of the so-called triple transition, his article predicted long-term instability for the region. In the present article, we evaluate the validity of Mair’s predictions, thereby also contributing to a lively debate in the current literature about the scale and nature of East–West differences and about the trajectories of the two regions. Going beyond the identification of cross-regional similarities and differences, we also differentiate between individual party systems, establish subgroups, and describe changes across time. Using four major dimensions (i.e., party system closure, party-level stability, electoral volatility, and fragmentation), the article finds that Mair’s predictions were largely, though not in every detail, right. Ironically, however, we also find that changes in the West tend to match over time the trajectory of the East.
The use of process mapping in healthcare quality improvement projects
Authors: Antonacci Grazia , Reed Julie E , Lennox Laura , Barlow James 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Process mapping provides insight into systems and processes in which improvement interventions are introduced and is seen as useful in healthcare quality improvement projects. There is little empirical evidence on the use of process mapping in healthcare practice. This study advances understanding of the benefits and success factors of process mapping within quality improvement projects. Methods Eight quality improvement projects were purposively selected from different healthcare settings within the UK’s National Health Service. Data were gathered from multiple data-sources, including interviews exploring participants’ experience of using process mapping in their projects and perceptions of benefits and challenges related to its use. These were analysed using inductive analysis. Results Eight key benefits related to process mapping use were reported by participants (gathering a shared understanding of the reality; identifying improvement opportunities; engaging stakeholders in the project; defining project's objectives; monitoring project progress; learning; increased empathy; simplicity of the method) and five factors related to successful process mapping exercises (simple and appropriate visual representation, information gathered from multiple stakeholders, facilitator’s experience and soft skills, basic training, iterative use of process mapping throughout the project). Conclusions Findings highlight benefits and versatility of process mapping and provide practical suggestions to improve its use in practice.
Critical Race Theory, Parenting, and Intimate Partner Violence: Analyzing Race and Gender
Authors: Cannon Clare , Ferreira Regardt J. , Buttell Fred 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: This study sought to investigate similarities and differences among race, gender, parenting attitudes, and conflict negotiation tactics of perpetrators of intimate partner violence in a batterer intervention program. Method: This research utilized a nonequivalent, control group secondary analysis of 238 women and men. Results: Logistic regression indicated the following: (1) An increased likelihood for scoring higher on the Conflict Tactics Scale-2 (CTS-2), Physical Assault subscale, and high-risk Adult–Adolescent Parenting Inventory-2 (AAPI-2) parenting group for those in the African American category compared to the White category; (2) African American women are more likely to be unemployed, score higher on the CTS-2 Physical Assault subscale, and in the high-risk AAPI-2 parenting group than African American men; and (3) White women, compared to White men, are more likely to experience injury and to score in the high-risk AAPI-2 group. Conclusions: Critical race theory provides a necessary understanding of these findings within structural inequality in the United States. Further results and implications are discussed.
Recognising and assessing feline emotions during the consultation: History, body language and behaviour
Authors: Ellis Sarah LH 
Published: April 2018

Practical relevance: Crucial to successful treatment of problem behaviour and optimising the welfare of the individual cat is determining which underpinning emotion(s) are involved in the presentation of the behaviour. Feline emotions are not feelings per se, but motivational-emotional systems that are responsible for instinctual emotional arousal. Often different interventions are required to alleviate different negative emotional motivations. Clinical challenges: Identifying different emotional motivations and the arousal level associated with them solely from observations of behaviour and body language is a difficult task because, as with any species, the behavioural repertoire of the domestic cat is finite and the same behaviour may occur with the activation of different emotional systems. In addition, cats, like people, may experience more than one emotion at the same time or switch quickly between emotional motivations, and this further complicates identification. The behavioural assessment of pain is also notoriously difficult in cats. Evidence base: This review draws on the published literature where available and, where there is a paucity of research, on hypotheses derived from observations of professionals in the field. Global importance: Being able to recognise and assess feline emotional motivations in order to address problem behaviours and improve welfare is important for all veterinarians who see cats.
Public perspectives toward long-term care staff's interventions in the sexual relationships of residents with dementia
Authors: Yelland Erin , Stanfield M. Hunter 
Published: April 2018

Background and objectives Sexual expression is an essential component of older adults’ quality of life, including those with lower cognitive functioning. Issues have been raised with long-term care facility policies related to aspects of staff intervention, permissibility of degree of intimacy, and how involved partners of residents with cognitive decline may be in decision-making processes. Research design and methods: This study used a multiple segment factorial vignette to explore the attitudes of the public toward a dementia-caused non-spousal sexual relationship in a long-term care facility. Specific elements examined included the degree of intimacy, obligation of long-term care staff to intervene in the relationship, and the healthy spouse’s disposition. Respondents ( N = 318) were contacted using a list-assisted random-digit dialing method and read a version of the vignette with the independent variables randomly generated. Two logistic regression models and one ordinal regression model were used to analyze the main effects of the independent design variables and respondent characteristics. Results The majority of respondents report the need for long-term care staff to intervene in sexual relationships and an obligation to inform the healthy spouse of a resident’s sexual relationship. Results suggest differences of opinion exist based on respondent characteristics of education and religiosity. Discussion and implications: Public opinion is in favor of long-term care facilities incorporating spousal involvement into decisions regarding a cognitively impaired resident’s ability to engage in an intimate relationship. Implications for long-term care policy focusing on staff training about sexual expression and intervention in addition to incorporating the spouse into decision-making processes are discussed.
Considerations and examples of a modular open systems approach in defense systems
Authors: Zimmerman Philomena , Ofori Monique , Barrett Donald , Soler Joseph , Harriman Anthony 
Published: April 2018

This paper provides an overview of modular open systems approach (MOSA) design principles and open business practices in Department of Defense (DoD) programs, as well as selected examples of MOSA implementations by the Military Departments. The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2017 (Public Law 114-328) Section 805(a) requires DoD to implement MOSA, and an increasing body of evidence indicates MOSA can enable outcomes that merit consideration and advancement. Most DoD programs had already incorporated MOSA to some extent before the NDAA required it, but the formal acknowledgment in law further emphasizes the currency of the approach. MOSA has multiple, similar definitions. For the purposes of this paper, MOSA is defined as a method to design systems with highly cohesive, loosely coupled, and severable modules that DoD can compete separately and acquire from independent vendors. MOSA is an approach rather than a technical or warfighting requirement. The approach allows the Department to flexibly acquire full capabilities and individual components – including systems, subsystems, and software – and create end item systems and services that can respond to changing threats and missions, allow for technology advances, upgrade and sustain when necessary, and maintain appropriate security assurances. Through this paper, the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Engineering (ODASD(SE)) discusses considerations for implementing MOSA, provides three examples of specific implementations by the Air Force, Army, and Navy, and discusses the vision for the future of MOSA application in DoD. The information is based on a literature review of published DoD reports and public documents, interviews with DoD Services discussing lessons, the Services’ written responses to the authors’ requests of exemplars, and review and comments from stakeholders across DoD. The authors concluded that the DoD Services and Agencies’ initiatives contribute to the MOSA body of knowledge and practice.
Descriptive study of differences in acute kidney injury progression patterns in General and Cardiac Intensive Care Units
Authors: Pachucki Marcin A , Ghosh Erina , Eshelman Larry , Palanisamy Krishnamoorthy , Gould Timothy , Thomas Matthew , Bourdeaux Chris P 
Published: April 2018

Background Acute kidney injury is common in critically ill patients with detrimental effects on mortality, length of stay and post-discharge outcomes. The Acute Kidney Injury Network developed guidelines based on urine output and serum creatinine to classify patients into stages of acute kidney injury. Methods In this analysis we utilize the Acute Kidney Injury Network guidelines to evaluate the acute kidney injury stage in patients admitted to general and cardiac intensive care units over a period of 18 months. Acute kidney injury stage was calculated in real time hourly based on the guidelines and using these temporal stage scores calculated for the population; the prevalence and progression of acute kidney injury stage was compared between the two units. We hypothesized that the prevalence and progression of acute kidney injury stage between the two units may be different. Results More cardiac intensive care unit patients had no acute kidney injury (stage <1) during their intensive care unit stay but more cardiac intensive care unit patients developed acute kidney injury (stage >1), compared to the General Intensive Care Unit. Both at intensive care unit admission and discharge, more General Intensive Care Unit patients had acute kidney injury; however, the number of cardiac intensive care unit patients with acute kidney injury was three times higher at discharge than admission. Acute kidney injury developed in a different pattern in the two intensive care units over five days of intensive care unit stay. In the General Intensive Care Unit, acute kidney injury was most prevalent on second day of intensive care unit stay and in cardiac intensive care unit acute kidney injury was most prevalent on the third day of intensive care unit stay. We observed the biggest increase in new acute kidney injury in the first day of General Intensive Care Unit and second day of the cardiac intensive care unit stay. Conclusions The study demonstrates the different trends of acute kidney injury pattern in general and cardiac intensive care unit patient populations highlighting the earlier development of acute kidney injury on General Intensive Care Unit and more prevalence of acute kidney injury on discharge from cardiac intensive care unit.
The impact of right ventricular pressure and function on survival in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis
Authors: Sykes Michelle C. , Ireland Christina , McSweeney Julia E. , Rosenholm Emily , Andren Kristofer G. , Kulik Thomas J. 
Published: April 2018

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH), but there is little information regarding the impact of PH on right ventricular (RV) systolic function and survival. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of our patients to explore this and other aspects of pulmonary hemodynamics with PVS. RV function was assessed using qualitative two‐dimensional echocardiography. The ratio of systolic pulmonary artery (PA) and aortic pressures (PA:Ao) at cardiac catheterization reflected pulmonary hemodynamics. Reactivity testing employed inhaled nitric oxide + 100% fiO2, or 100% fiO2 only; “reactivity” was a ≥ 20% decrease in PA:Ao.There were 105 PVS patients, although not all had data at every time point. (1) The mean PA:Ao at first cardiac catheterization (n = 77) was 0.79 ± 0.36; at last catheterization (n = 54), PA:Ao = 0.69 ± 0.30; 90% had systolic PAP > one‐half systemic. Survival was shorter with PA:Ao > 0.5. (2) Differences in survival relative to RV dysfunction on the first echocardiogram were not significant, although they were using the last echocardiogram. (3) The magnitude of RV dysfunction was positively correlated with PA:Ao. (4) Balloon dilation of PV acutely decreased PA:Ao (–0.13 ± 0.37, P = 0.03 [n = 40 patients]). 5. Of 20 patients tested, 13 were acutely reactive to vasodilators.PH is a major feature of PVS. Reduced RV function and PA:Ao appear to be predictors of survival. Given the importance of PH in this disease, clinical studies of PVS treatments should include measures of PAP and RV function as important variables of interest.