bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An augmented estimation procedure for EHR-based association studies accounting for differential misclassification
Authors: Tong Jiayi , Huang Jing , Chubak Jessica , Wang Xuan , Moore Jason H , Hubbard Rebecca A , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The ability to identify novel risk factors for health outcomes is a key strength of electronic health record (EHR)-based research. However, the validity of such studies is limited by error in EHR-derived phenotypes. The objective of this study was to develop a novel procedure for reducing bias in estimated associations between risk factors and phenotypes in EHR data.

Materials and Methods
The proposed method combines the strengths of a gold-standard phenotype obtained through manual chart review for a small validation set of patients and an automatically-derived phenotype that is available for all patients but is potentially error-prone (hereafter referred to as the algorithm-derived phenotype). An augmented estimator of associations is obtained by optimally combining these 2 phenotypes. We conducted simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the augmented estimator and conducted an analysis of risk factors for second breast cancer events using data on a cohort from Kaiser Permanente Washington.

Results
The proposed method was shown to reduce bias relative to an estimator using only the algorithm-derived phenotype and reduce variance compared to an estimator using only the validation data.

Discussion
Our simulation studies and real data application demonstrate that, compared to the estimator using validation data only, the augmented estimator has lower variance (ie, higher statistical efficiency). Compared to the estimator using error-prone EHR-derived phenotypes, the augmented estimator has smaller bias.

Conclusions
The proposed estimator can effectively combine an error-prone phenotype with gold-standard data from a limited chart review in order to improve analyses of risk factors using EHR data.
Floor of mouth thyroglossal duct cyst: a rare embryologic course
Authors: Kerr John , Niermeyer Weston L , Baker Peter B , Chiang Tendy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a common pediatric midline neck mass. Most TGDCs occur in the region of the hyoid bone but have been found less commonly in areas from the oral cavity to the sternum. We present the first reported case of a multifocal floor of mouth (FOM)/cervical TGDC representing an atypical embryonic course. We also review atypical presentations of TGDC and provide a summary of cases involving FOM and multifocal cysts.
Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant: Correlation of Donor Factors with Yield, Engraftment, Chimerism, and Outcome: Retrospective Review of a Single Institute During a 3-Year Period
Authors: Philip Joseph , Bajaj Anantpreet Kaur , Sharma Sanjeevan , Kushwaha Neerja , Kumar Sudeep , Kumar Biswas Amit 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Donor factors have a variable correlation with cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cell dose in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) harvests. CD34+ cell dose affects the speed of hematopoietic recovery and percentage of donor chimerism in the recipient.

Methods
A total of 25 allogeneic PBSC transplants performed during a 3-year period were included. All donors underwent mobilization with filgrastim. Leukapheresis, flowcytometric CD34+ cell enumeration, and chimerism analysis were performed and correlated with recipient outcome.

Results
Besides age, all other donor parameters had a positive correlation with CD34+ cell count. Engraftment kinetics and chimerism had a positive correlation with the CD34+ yield of the PBSC product. Acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) was observed in patients with complete chimerism at day 30 after transplantation.

Conclusion
Adequate CD34+ cell yield happens in healthy donors, independent of donor demographic patterns with G-CSF only. A diverse population of donors can thus be approached for Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD) transplants. An accurate quantitative analysis of early donor chimerism in the recipient (at day 30) is an excellent tool for post-transplant monitoring for acute GvHD.
The likelihood of detecting young giant planets with high-contrast imaging and interferometry
Authors: Wallace A L , Ireland M J 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Giant planets are expected to form at orbital radii that are relatively large compared to transit and radial velocity detections (>1 au). As a result, giant planet formation is best observed through direct imaging. By simulating the formation of giant (0.3–5MJ) planets by core accretion, we predict planet magnitude in the near-infrared (2–4 μm) and demonstrate that, once a planet reaches the runaway accretion phase, it is self-luminous and is bright enough to be detected in near-infrared wavelengths. Using planet distribution models consistent with existing radial velocity and imaging constraints, we simulate a large sample of systems with the same stellar and disc properties to determine how many planets can be detected. We find that current large (8–10 m) telescopes have at most a 0.2 per cent chance of detecting a core-accretion giant planet in the L’ band and 2 per cent in the K band for a typical solar-type star. Future instruments such as METIS and VIKiNG have higher sensitivity and are expected to detect exoplanets at a maximum rate of 2 and 8 per cent, respectively.
Weak lensing cosmology with convolutional neural networks on noisy data
Authors: Ribli Dezső , Pataki Bálint Ármin , Zorrilla Matilla José Manuel , Hsu Daniel , Haiman Zoltán , Csabai István 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Weak gravitational lensing is one of the most promising cosmological probes of the late universe. Several large ongoing (DES, KiDS, HSC) and planned (LSST, Euclid, WFIRST) astronomical surveys attempt to collect even deeper and larger scale data on weak lensing. Due to gravitational collapse, the distribution of dark matter is non-Gaussian on small scales. However, observations are typically evaluated through the two-point correlation function of galaxy shear, which does not capture non-Gaussian features of the lensing maps. Previous studies attempted to extract non-Gaussian information from weak lensing observations through several higher order statistics such as the three-point correlation function, peak counts, or Minkowski functionals. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) emerged in the field of computer vision with tremendous success, and they offer a new and very promising framework to extract information from 2D or 3D astronomical data sets, confirmed by recent studies on weak lensing. We show that a CNN is able to yield significantly stricter constraints of (σ8, Ωm) cosmological parameters than the power spectrum using convergence maps generated by full N-body simulations and ray-tracing, at angular scales and shape noise levels relevant for future observations. In a scenario mimicking LSST or Euclid, the CNN yields 2.4–2.8 times smaller credible contours than the power spectrum, and 3.5–4.2 times smaller at noise levels corresponding to a deep space survey such as WFIRST. We also show that at shape noise levels achievable in future space surveys the CNN yields 1.4–2.1 times smaller contours than peak counts, a higher order statistic capable of extracting non-Gaussian information from weak lensing maps.
The spatio-temporal dynamics of mitochondrial membrane potential during oocyte maturation
Authors: AL-Zubaidi Usama , Liu Jun , Cinar Ozgur , Robker Rebecca L , Adhikari Deepak , Carroll John 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and their distribution, structure and activity affect a wide range of cellular functions. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) is an indicator of mitochondrial activity and plays a major role in ATP production, redox balance, signaling and metabolism. Despite the absolute reliance of oocyte and early embryo development on mitochondrial function, there is little known about the spatial and temporal aspects of ΔΨm during oocyte maturation. The one exception is that previous findings using a ΔΨm indicator, JC-1, report that mitochondria in the cortex show a preferentially increased ΔΨm, relative to the rest of the cytoplasm. Using live-cell imaging and a new ratiometric approach for measuring ΔΨm in mouse oocytes, we find that ΔΨm increases through the time course of oocyte maturation and that mitochondria in the vicinity of the first meiotic spindle show an increase in ΔΨm, compared to other regions of the cytoplasm. We find no evidence for an elevated ΔΨm in the oocyte cortex. These findings suggest that mitochondrial activity is adaptive and responsive to the events of oocyte maturation at both a global and local level. In conclusion, we have provided a new approach to reliably measure ΔΨm that has shed new light onto the spatio-temporal regulation of mitochondrial function in oocytes and early embryos.
Genetic variants in taste-related genes and risk of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gentiluomo Manuel , Lu Ye , Canzian Federico , Campa Daniele 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive and relatively rare cancer with a dismal 5-year survival rate and a clear genetic background. Genetic variants in taste receptors and taste-related genes have been associated with a variety of human traits and phenotypes among which several cancer types and pancreatic cancer risk factors. In this study, we analysed 2854 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 50 taste-related genes, including 37 taste receptors. To cover all the genetic variability of the selected genes and to include also regulatory elements, we added 5000 nucleotides to both ends of each gene. We used a two-phase approach, with the PanScan data set (3314 cases and 3431 controls) as the discovery phase and PanC4 (3893 cases and 3632 controls) as validation phase, for a total of 7207 cases and 7063 controls. The datasets were downloaded from the NCBI database of genotypes and phenotypes (dbGaP). We observed that the taste 1 receptor member 2 (TAS1R2)-rs11261087 variant was associated with pancreatic cancer risk in both phases independently, with a consistent association of the T allele with decreased risk of developing the disease [phase 1 odds ratio (OR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.98; phase 2 OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.99; all subjects together OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.96, P = 0.002]. However, neither the association observed in the validation phase nor those observed in the joint analysis were statistically significant considering multiple testing. Functional studies are warranted to better understand the impact of the genetic variability of TAS1R2 on PDAC risk.
Aristotle on Why We Laugh at Jokes
Authors: Destrée Pierre 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In contemporary studies on laughter, scholars tend to oppose the two main theories that have been defended from early Modern philosophy: the so-called Superiority theory, which Hobbes proposed, and the so-called Incongruity theory, which Hutcheson later vigorously opposed to Hobbes’. Nowadays, almost everyone seems to defend one version or another of the incongruity theory. Indeed, scholars have noticed repeatedly that many jokes can hardly be seen as including any superiority or hostility that might explain why they are funny. This chapter argues that Aristotle clearly saw that both of these two features, incongruity and hostility, were central in jokes. The two main questions addressed here are the following: What sort of hostility does Aristotle think is at stake? How does he think it relates to incongruity? Through an interpretation of key passages in the Rhetoric and Poetics, one can reconstruct Aristotle’s answer to these questions.
Twentieth-Century Pathological Writers and Their Creativity
Authors: Henke Suzette 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Culturally constructed pathologies exhibited by three authors of the modernist period: Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and D. H. Lawrence, reveal an emotional trajectory from paralyzing depressive or obsessive behavior to explosions of creative genius channeled into experimental fiction. Each of these authors struggled with a personal history of psychological distress evinced by genetic, experiential, or cultural factors and exacerbated by traumatic events in childhood or adolescence. All three sought to handle posttraumatic stress through complex gestures of aesthetic reenactment in a process that might be described as scriptotherapy. Woolf epitomizes the tortured artist grappling with so-called madness. Throughout her canon, she self-consciously struggles with irreconcilable issues of gender, abjection, and mourning. What appears to have been bipolar disorder in Woolf’s own psychiatric history might well have engendered a lifetime of creativity punctuated by severe bouts of debilitating depression. Joyce struggled with a pathological fear of erotic betrayal that spurred an obsessional fascination with adultery and with the enigma of spousal complicity, a drama whose erotic perversities were later played out in his twentieth-century epic novel, Ulysses. D. H. Lawrence proved somewhat notorious for his pathological obsessions with sexual desire, homosocial bonding, erotic loss, and conjugal betrayal. These authors worked through pathological symptoms to convert the seeds of incipient madness into burgeoning works of literary genius. They incorporated the pain of traumatic loss into the triumph of aesthetic integration via the creation of radically innovative and experimental art.
New Beginnings
Authors: Yoshihara Mari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
After her husband’s passing in 1979, Kazuko Amano began working for a publishing company. Her international business trips allowed her to visit Bernstein at his home in New York for the first time and also attend his concerts in Europe. Amano’s new sense of self gave her a new understanding of and appreciation for Bernstein, and their friendship also entered a new phase. In the meantime, Kunihiko Hashimoto also took a decisive step in his life and career, as he left the insurance company to study theater and then joined a musical theater company. Being on the performer’s side of the stage undoubtedly gave him a deepened appreciation for Bernstein’s work and a connection to his life.
Making the Garden Grow
Authors: Yoshihara Mari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bernstein’s dream of bringing young musicians from around the world to study and share music together was realized in Sapporo not only in 1990 but every year that followed. The Pacific Music Festival (PMF) became not only an important cultural event for the Sapporo community but also one of the most coveted opportunities for young musicians worldwide. Kazuko Amano became an enthusiastic supporter and attended the festival every year. Kunihiko Hashimoto not only took care of the conductors but also came to play a substantive role in the PMF, especially through his translation of Candide, which had its Japanese premiere at the PMF in 1994 and his hosting of the concerts for young audiences modeled after Bernstein’s Young People’s Concerts. Bernstein’s dream that flowered and bore fruit in 1990 kept growing for many years after his passing.
Harlem’s Caribbean Dance Orchestras and Early Calypsonians
Authors: Allen Ray 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on Harlem Carnival activities from the late 1920s through the 1940s. The stories of the early dance orchestras led by the Trinidad expatriate Gerald Clark, and those of New York-based calypsonians Wilmoth Houdini, Cecil “Duke of Iron” Anderson, Sir Lancelot Pinard, and Patrick “MacBeth the Great” MacDonald, are recounted. Their recording careers and performances in Harlem dance halls and downtown Village clubs are explored. The rise of Harlem’s Carnival parade coincided with an upsurge in interest in calypso music by non-Caribbean white and black Americans that culminated in the “calypso craze” of the 1950s. The dance orchestras, calypsonians, and steelband players who provided the music were constantly seeking to broaden their audiences by crossing over into new cultural arenas. This chapter looks at the host of Caribbean-themed dances and calypso performances that were popular in Harlem’s clubs and dance halls from the mid-1930s through the 1950s, and to the calypso shows that proliferated in midtown concert halls and downtown clubs during this period.
“We Jammin’ Still”
Authors: Allen Ray 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chapter 9 offers a brief survey of recent developments in Brooklyn Carnival and the current status of its steelband and calypso/soca scenes. A description of Labor Day Carnival 2017, marking the 50th anniversary of the celebration, serves as a final coda. Carnival had survived in the face of a multitude of financial, political, and organizational obstacles for five decades, and New York’s Caribbean community was still jamming to soca and steelband music on Labor Day weekend. Over the previous decades, the press continued to portray the event as the city’s largest outdoor celebration, cementing Brooklyn Caribbean Carnival’s stature as an iconic New York cultural attraction. But what was once participatory ritual has increasingly taken on the aura of presentational spectacle. And while the Monday-morning pre-dawn J’Ouvert celebration, continued to operate, violence had marred the occasion in recent years. Nonetheless, Carnival music in Brooklyn has managed to survive, and in some corners flourished, despite a plethora of ongoing financial and logistical challenges.
From Accent to Vocal Groove
Authors: Ohriner Mitchell 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents a model of vocal groove in rap delivery, defined as reiterating patterns of durations between accents. It shares with recent theories of groove emphases on repetition, virtuality, and syncopation; in contrast, it departs from these by de-emphasizing human motion, microtiming, group interaction, and large time frames. The inter-accent durations of flow are understood to be 2 or 3 units long (i.e., “eighth notes” or “dotted eight notes”) and sum to one measure (i.e., 16 units), resulting in seven distinct “groove classes.” Because some listeners are permissive of slight alterations in accent placement, the model differentiates between adaptive listeners (who switch grooves whenever necessary) and persistent listeners (who try to maintain grooves). The chapter concludes with a segmentation method modeling these two kinds of listeners.
Conclusion
Authors: Aguayo Angela J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter centers on the idea of the documentary commons as a framework for understanding documentary’s engagement with social change. In the developing public commons, the documentary impulse is a way of life and articulation of political information that produces a kind of democratic exchange with new patterns of public communication. With the pervasive use of cameras and live broadcasts, the documentary impulse is realizing its potential to create participatory media cultures. Among the topics in this chapter are the possibilities for future research and contributions to theories of social change, participatory media cultures, collective identification, and agency. This chapter also addresses the political economy of social change documentary, the ideological glass ceiling of mass media, and the role of professional opportunity and education in shaping social change expectations.
Gṛhastha in the Śramaṇic Discourse
Authors: Freiberger Oliver 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Stephanie Jamison suggests in her chapter of this volume that the Brahmanical authors of the Dharmasūtras borrowed the term gṛhastha from the śramaṇic discourse of the time. Aside from Aśoka’s inscriptions, this śramaṇic discourse may also be reflected in the earliest layer of the Buddhist Pāli canon. This chapter takes a closer look at these texts and its vocabulary for householders. A lexical survey shows that of the three most commonly used terms, gahaṭṭha (Sanskrit gṛhastha) is the least popular one. The other two, gahapati (Sanskrit gṛhapati) and gihin (Sanskrit. gṛhin) are much more common and also more clearly distinguished in their usage, with positive and negative connotations, respectively. The chapter suggests that precisely the fact that it was the least specific and most flexible term may have made gahaṭṭha/gṛhastha attractive for Brahmanical appropriation.
On Literary Understanding
Authors: Gosetti-Ferencei Jennifer 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Several recent approaches to literature—what the chapter describes as moral, aesthetic, and cognitive models of literary experience—allow us to consider its relevance in epistemic terms. Through an examination of the insights and limits of these approaches, the chapter presents the case for the experiential, generative, and expressive dimensions of understanding the literary work, and for their implications beyond literary reading. That literary understanding is experiential will mean that, beyond knowledge of what the text is about, one must have acquaintance with what it is like to undergo the imaginings prompted by the text. That literary understanding is generative means that what we understand in literary experience is not merely the objects or events in the world from which the work may draw, but how these are transformed in the specific literary presentation created by the work. That literary understanding is expressive will mean that the object of understanding issues from, and brings us into contact with, a point of view, even if one known only through and as the work itself. These dimensions of literary understanding, I suggest, enable understanding beyond the experience of literature as such.
Moral Neighborhoods
Authors: Stohr Karen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents an argument that moral identities are cultivated within shared normative spaces called moral neighborhoods. Moral neighborhoods are constructed through networks of social practices and conventions that are situated in specific physical and social environments. The chapter draws on Confucian ideas about the role of ritual in moral formation, as well Jane Austen’s novels, to argue that these networks of social practices are important for moral improvement. Good moral neighborhoods enable participants to work out and enact shared moral aspirations in the form of jointly constructed narratives. The social practices of good moral neighborhoods create normative spaces in which we enact fictive moral selves. Because moral neighborhoods are constructed in non-ideal conditions, they must be responsive to the underlying social and physical landscape if they are to reflect shared moral aspirations. Creating a good moral neighborhood is thus a practical exercise in non-ideal theory.
Social Pretense
Authors: Stohr Karen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter defends social pretense as an essential element of moral stagecraft and of good moral neighborhoods more generally. It argues that social pretense plays several important roles in social interactions. Pretense functions as a tool for setting the boundaries of the normative space in which social interactions take place. Social practices of interpersonal notice involve many social conventions that require pretending not to notice people and what they are doing. Such practices enable communication about the terms of social interaction or the narrative that is being enacted. Mutual pretense is useful for constructing the normative space of good moral neighborhoods and helping participants remain within that space. It enables people to act as their fictive moral selves in circumstances where they are falling short. When motivated and guided by a commitment to aspirational moral identities, the practice of social pretense can be supportive of those identities.