bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Status of Lean, Overweight, and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Asegaonkar Shilpa B , Kareem Ishrat , Pagdhune Avinash , Thorat Anand , Borkar Mangala S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Aims
To compare metabolic status of lean vs overweight/ obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and correlate biochemical parameters with anthropometric measures.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 T2DM patients were categorized as lean and overweight/obese according to body mass index (BMI); 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were selected. Anthropometric measures of BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist:hip (W:H) were recorded. Fasting blood samples were assayed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated by Friedewald's formula and TG: HDL was measured as measure of insulin resistance (IR).

Results
Anthropometric measures of overall (BMI 31.65 ± 5.49, 20.34 ± 2.45 vs 22.29 ± 3.21) and visceral adiposity (WC 91.98 ± 6.8, 75.45 ± 4.34 vs 74.19 ± 3.98 and W:H 0.99 ± 0.12, 0.78 ± 0.21 vs 0.76 ± 0.32) were significantly higher in overweight/ obese (p < 0.05) compared with lean T2DM and controls. Total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and NEFA were significantly raised and HDL decreased in T2DM compared with those of controls. But much higher values were observed in overweight/obese than in lean group. Triglycerides: HDL was significantly higher in obese than in lean patients (4.66 ± 1.89 vs 7.91 ± 3.01), confirming significantly decreased insulin sensitivity among obese than non-obese diabetics. Positive correlation was observed between BMI, WC, W:H and TC, TG, LDL, NEFA, and TG:HDL, while negative correlation was observed with HDL in obese group. Lean individuals with normal BMI, WC had deranged lipids with IR.

Conclusion
Lean and obese T2DM have dyslipidemia and IR. Poor metabolic profile is associated with overall and visceral adiposity in obese and not in lean T2DM individuals.

How to cite this article
Asegaonkar SB, Kareem I, Aghade S, Pagdhune A, Thorat A, Borkar MS. Metabolic Status of Lean, Overweight, and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Indian J Med Biochem 2016;20(1):6-10.
To evaluate the Gender Differences in Learning Style Modalities among the Undergraduate Students and their Preferred Mode of Learning
Authors: Gupta RC , Garg Aparna , Sankhla Manisha 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Academic demands of medical students are quite high. Learning styles may be classified into four major sensory modalities—visual, auditory, read-write and kinesthetic, that one most prefers to use when internalizing information.

Objectives
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the gender differences in learning style modalities among the First Year Undergraduate Students and their Preferred Mode of Learning.

Methodology
Total 243 first year students of various medical courses (135 MBBS, 56 BDS, and 52 BPT) attending lectures in the Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan were included for the project. Learning style preference was identified using the visual, auditory, read-write and kinesthetic (VARK) online inventory developed by Fleming, 1992. A questionnaire was filled by the students which included their demographic profile, medical science stream and preferred sensory modality of instruction.

Findings
Learning style of the students of various medical courses showed a statistically significant difference according to VARK questionnaire (p < 0.0001). Within the group, based on VARK, the preferred Sensory Modality was kinesthetic in MBBS, BDS and BPT students. On the basis Preferred Sensory Mode, kinesthetic was the preferred mode in MBBS, BDS and visual mode amongst BPT students. The most common pattern of learning was bimodal in male and female students of the various medical courses.

Conclusion
Present findings suggest that kinesthetic was the preferred learning style by both individual preferred sensory modality and VARK inventory tool, and was found to be statistically significant among the students of medical and allied sciences. The gender differences when evaluated for both the individual preferred sensory modality and VARK inventory tool, it was found to have a predilection for the kinesthetic mode in both the male as well as female students.

How to cite this article
Garg A, Sankhla M, Gupta RC. To evaluate the Gender Differences in Learning Style Modalities among the Undergraduate Students and their Preferred Mode of Learning. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):58-63.
Eugenol Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Dental Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nigam Anant Gopal , Beniwal Ankita , Chaturvedi Shefali , Bhatt Tanmay 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Eugenol is a phenolic compound commonly used in dentistry as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. Zinc oxide eugenol is an important root canal filling material in primary teeth with excellent documented success. Its cytotoxic effect is documented in some cases due to production of zinc eugenolate which is highly unstable and induces type IV hypersensitivity reactions and even generalized anaphylactic symptoms. But, the case reports documenting immediate hypersensitivity reaction to eugenol are very rare. This was a case of type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction to eugenol in a 3 years old pediatric patient. During the full mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia, hard indurated swelling of lower lip was observed at the time of obturation of mandibular primary teeth. The procedure was stopped immediately suspecting an allergic response which was later confirmed to be eugenol allergy by patch test. Hence, it is important to evaluate all local allergies even if the patient fails to report allergy history.

How to cite this article
Beniwal A, Chaturvedi S, Bhatt T, Sharma A, Nigam AG. Eugenol Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Dental Patient: A Rare Case Report. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):68-70.
Pan Digital Gangrene: A Rare Phenomenon in Scrub Typhus
Authors: Agrawal CM , Pahadia Manish R , Gupta Shubham , Anand Haritej 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile zoonosis, caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. The disease is of greatest public health importance in rural areas of Asia and in Western Pacific Islands. The clinical manifestations of the disease range from subclinical disease to an organ failure. The various complications known with this disease are jaundice, renal failure, pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, myocarditis, vasculitis, and meningoencephalitis. The complications of scrub typhus usually develop after the first week of illness.

Case report
We report a case of a 70-year-old female, farmer by occupation, who presented with acute febrile illness and was diagnosed as scrub typhus. She subsequently developed vasculitis, which resulted in pan digital gangrene. After thorough workup for digital gangrene, it was established that scrub typhus is the cause of gangrene in this patient.

Conclusion
Thus, our inference is that vasculitis might be seen in very few cases of scrub typhus and it may progress up to gangrene of digits. Only one such case has been reported, thus making it a very rare phenomenon.

How to cite this article
Rijhwani P, Charan A, Agrawal CM, Pahadia MR, Gupta S, Anand H. Pan Digital Gangrene: A Rare Phenomenon in Scrub Typhus. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):35-37.
An Indigenous Removal Method of a Broken Interlocking Nail
Authors: Mathur AK , Kumar Mohit , Kedawat Aniket , Sharma Anshu , Gupta Anand 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Breakage of locking nail is an important cause of interlocking nail failure in femoral fractures. Usually, it takes place at one of the ends of the nail. Here we report an unusual extraction method of intramedullary femoral nail failure with breakage of nail proximal to distal locking holes. Such a scenario usually complicates further management. This case was managed with exchange nailing and bone grafting after removal of implant using a novel technique and using commonly available orthopedic instruments in the operation theater. Here, we briefly review the literature regarding such an unusual presentation and discuss in detail the possible etiology of such a presentation and the management options when facing such a complex situation.

How to cite this article
Kedawat A, Mathur AK, Kumar M, Sharma A, Gupta A. An Indigenous Removal Method of a Broken Interlocking Nail. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):38-40.
Atmospheric measurements of the terrestrial O2 : CO2 exchange ratio of a midlatitude forest
Authors: Battle Mark O. , Munger J. William , Conley Margaret , Sofen Eric , Perry Rebecca , Hart Ryan , Davis Zane , Scheckman Jacob , Woogerd Jayme , Graeter Karina , Seekins Samuel , David Sasha , Carpenter John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric O2
have been used to quantify large-scale
fluxes of carbon between the oceans, atmosphere and land
since 1992 (Keeling and Shertz, 1992). With time,
datasets have grown
and estimates of fluxes have become more precise, but
a key uncertainty in these calculations is the exchange ratio
of O2
and CO2 associated with the net land carbon sink
(αB). We present measurements of atmospheric
O2 and CO2 collected over
a 6-year period from a mixed deciduous forest in central
Massachusetts, USA (42.537∘ N, 72.171∘ W).
Using a differential fuel-cell-based
instrument for O2 and a nondispersive infrared analyzer for
CO2, we analyzed airstreams collected within and ∼5 m above the forest canopy. Averaged over the entire
period of record, we find these two species covary with a slope of -1.081±0.007 mol of O2 per mole of
CO2 (the
mean and standard error of 6 h periods).
If we limit the data to values collected on summer days within the
canopy, the slope is -1.03±0.01. These are the conditions in which
biotic influences are most likely to dominate.
This result is significantly
different from the value of −1.1 widely used in O2-based
calculations of the global carbon budget, suggesting the need for a deeper understanding of the exchange ratios of the various fluxes and pools comprising the net sink.
The Kidd Creek Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit—An Update
Authors: Hannington Mark D. , Gemmell Thomas , Monecke Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Kidd Creek massive sulfide deposit is one of the world’s largest and highest grade Cu-Zn deposits, with total past production, reserves, and resources to the 9,800-ft level (2,990 m) of 170.9 million tonnes (Mt). The discovery hole, K55-1, was drilled in 1963 and encountered ore at a depth of only 7 m. It intersected 190 m grading 1.21% Cu, 8.5% Zn, 0.8% Pb, and 138 g/t Ag. The deepest ore intersection at 10,200 ft (more than 3,100 m) cut 442 m of mineralization with an average grade of 1.16% Cu, 7.8% Zn, 0.73% Pb, and 84 g/t Ag, remarkably similar to the very first ore intersected 44 years earlier and nearly 3 km above the bottom of the mine. After 50 years of continuous mining (1966–2016), the deposit has produced a total of 140.4 Mt of ore at grades of 2.29% Cu, 6.15% Zn, 0.22% Pb, and 86.2 g/t Ag, worth an estimated US$50 billion. The contained metal (3.8 Mt of Cu, 10.5 Mt of Zn, 0.38 Mt of Pb, and 12.7 million kg of Ag) accounts for nearly one-third of all metal in Archean Cu-Zn massive sulfide deposits worldwide. At the time of writing, production had reached a depth of 9,500 ft (2,896 m), and because of the remarkable continuity of both the tonnage and grade, mining below 9,800 ft (2,990 m) is now being planned to increase the mine life to 2021. It is currently the deepest base metal mine in the world, and after more than 1.8 million meters of drilling (1,800 km), the deposit remains open at depth.
Horizontal tensional stress and mountain development : In example of Gilbert Range and Khuren Khanan Range, Mongolia
Authors: Ganbaatar Sanjaa 
Published: July 2019

Results of analysis of schematic geological cross section constructed using satellite image interpretation and 1:200 000 scale geological map through the Tavan Zagiin Khooloi, Gilbert Range, Dund Goliin Khooloi and Khuren Khanan Range are represented in this paper. Our results show that within the above mentioned mountain ranges decollement faults formed due to S to N trending tensional tectonic stress and, moreover, numerous thrust and back-thrust faults formed perpendicular to them. SW-NE, N-S trending tensional stresses are dominant in the western part of Mongolia and northwestern part of China. Interaction forces opposing them are the circumstances of forming new thrust faults in the Tavan Zagiin Khooloi and Dund Goliin Khooloi. Along the existing thrust faults, the Gilbert Range and Khuren Khanan Range were formed. Mountain blocks were uplifted due to the back-thrust faults and crustal thickening took place. As a result of horizontal tensional stress, the mountain development and shortening occurred.
Хэвтээ чиглэлтэй хүчний үйлчлэл ба уул үүсэх хөдөлгөөн: Гилбэртийн нуруу, Хүрэн ханангийн нурууны жишээн дээр
Хураангуй: Таван загийн хоолой, Гилбэртийн нуруу, Дунд голын хоолой, Хүрэн ханангийн нурууг хамарсан, тэдгээрт хөндлөн буюу өргөргийн дагуу чиглэлтэй геологийн тойм зүсэлтийг сансрын зургийн тайлал, 200000 масштабтай геологийн зургууд ашиглан хийсэн ажлын үр дүнг энд үзүүлсэн болно. Геологийн тойм зүсэлтээр дээрх нэр бүхий газруудад У-Х хэвтээ чиглэлтэй шахах тектоник хүчний үйлчлэлээс үүссэн деколлемент хагарал, түүнд хөндлөн чиглэлтэй үүсч буй олон тооны тохролтот болон эсрэг тохролтот хагарлуудын үйлчлэл хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг тайлбарласан үр дүнг толилуулж байна. Манай орны баруун хагас, Хятадын баруун хойд хэсэгт БУ-ЗХ, У-Х чиглэсэн хэвтээ чиглэлтэй тектоник хүч, харин түүний эсрэг үйлчлэх тулах хүчнүүдийн харилцан үйлчлэлээс үүдэн Таван загийн хоолой, Дунд голын хоолойд шинээр тохролууд үүсч байгаа бол Гилбэрт, Хүрэн ханангийн нуруунд өмнө нь үүссэн тохролуудын дагуу хавтангууд бие биенийхээ дээгүүр давхралдах, эсрэг тохролтот хагарлаар хавтангууд дээш шахагдан гарснаар уул, нурууд улам өндөрсөж, тасралтат хавтан улам зузаарч байна. Хэвтээ чиглэлтэй шахах хүчний үйлчлэлийн үр дүнд агшилт явагдаж, өөр хоорондоо ойртож, өндөрсөж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: тохролтот хагарал, эсрэг тохролтот хагарал, Таван загийн хоолой, Дунд голын хоолой
Inframundo en Guatemala: guerra, mitos e identidad
Authors: Navarrete Quan Yosahandi 
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se señala cómo la tradición, los mitos y ritos presentes en las novelas La hija del Pumay Antes de la Luzfuncionan como instrumentos de resistencia, cohesión e identidad de dos jóvenes indígenas en el escenario caótico de la violencia y el exilio provocados durante el conflicto armado guatemalteco, ocurrido en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Estas novelas recrean la cosmovisión maya y destacan la importancia de elementos clave de su cultura, como los espacios sagrados, los relatos ancestrales y
Medusario como modelo de poética auto-organizada: hacia una mitología del lenguaje
Authors: Aguirre Martínez Guillermo 
Published: July 2019

El siguiente texto presenta una serie de reflexiones en torno al ideario expuesto, dos décadas atrás, en el compendio poético Medusario. Se comentarán, en este sentido, las posibilidades de dicho ideario con vistas a la conformación de una estética apta para colmar las aspiraciones existenciales del sujeto moderno.
El eufemismo como instrumento de manipulación en la prensa escrita
Authors: Trujillo Garrido Ana 
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el eufemismo y el uso manipulador que la prensa escrita hace de él. Surge la necesidad de seguir haciendo hincapié en este tipo de usos malintencionados del lenguaje, de modo que la sociedad pueda mantenerse alerta en todo momento ante tal situación. Para dar cuenta de la realidad que aquí referimos, se ha realizado un corpus de eufemismos recogidos de la prensa española del siglo XXI (2000 hasta la actualidad). Tras su análisis, que ha seguido la metodología del análisis del discurso y análisis crítico del discurso, ha quedado de manifiesto que la prensa escrita hace uso de eufemismos con fines manipulativos (tanto de la realidad referida, como del referente, como del individuo). Además, no solo reproduce los eufemismos llegados a ella desde los distintos ámbitos de la sociedad, sino que los mantiene y perpetúa, convirtiéndolos en propios.
This work has the euphemism as object and the manipulative use that the written press makes of it. Appear the necessity to continue emphasizing this type of malicious uses of language so that society can be alert at all times to the situation. To give an account of the reality there has made a corpus of euphemisms collected from the Spanish press of the 21st century (2000 to the present). After their analysis, which has followed the methodology of analysis of discourse and critical analysis of the discourse, it has become clear that the written press makes use of euphemisms with manipulative fines (reality of reference, the referent and the individual). Moreover, not only reproduces the euphemisms that came to it from the different spheres of society, but also maintains and perpetuates them.
Testing relationship between plant productivity and diversity in a desertified steppe in Northwest China
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Bingru 
Published: July 2019

The rapid global plant diversity and productivity loss has resulted in ecosystem functional degeneration in recent decades, and the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is a pressing issue around the world. Here, we sampled six plant communities that have not been grazed for 20 years, i.e., Agropyron mongolicum, Stipa bungeana, Cynanchum komarovii, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia ordosica, located in a desertified steppe, northwestern China, and tested the relationship between plant diversity and productivity in this region. We found a positive linear relationship between AGB (above-ground biomass) and BGB (below-ground biomass), and the curves between plant diversity and AGB were unimodal (R2 = 0.4572, p < 0.05), indicating that plant productivity increased at a low level of diversity but decreased at a high level of diversity. However, there was no significant relationship between BGB and plant diversity (p > 0.05). Further, RDA (redundancy analysis) indicated that soil factors had a strong effect on plant diversity and productivity. Totally, GAMs (generalized additive models) showed that soil factors (especially total nitrogen TN, total carbon TC, soil microbial biomass nitrogen SMB-N, soil microbial biomass carbon SMB-C) explained more variation in plant diversity and productivity (78.24%), which can be regarded as the key factors driving plant diversity and productivity. Therefore, strategies aiming to increase plant productivity and protect plant diversity may concentrate on promoting soil factors (e.g., increasing TC, TN, SMB-N and SMB-C) and plant species, which can be regarded as an effective and simple strategy to stabilize ecosystems to mitigate aridity in desertified steppes in northwestern China.
Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the green and white parts of chimeric leaves in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus
Authors: Xue Yanbin , Ma Jun , He Yehua , Yu Sanmiao , Lin Zhen , Xiong Yingyuan , Rafique Fatima , Jiang Fuxing , Sun Lingxia , Ma Mingdong , Zhou Yujue , Li Xi , Huang Zhuo 
Published: July 2019

Background
Ananas comosus var. bracteatus has high ornamental value due to its chimeric leaves. However, the chimeric trait is very unstable in red pineapple plants, and transcriptional variation between the two types of cells (white/green cells) and the molecular mechanism responsible for their albino phenotype remain poorly understood.

Methods
Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the white parts (Whs) and green parts (Grs) of chimeric leaves were performed.

Results
In total, 1,685 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (712 upregulated and 973 downregulated) and 1,813 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) (1,018 with low abundance and 795 with high abundance) were identified. Based on Gene Ontology (Go) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, the DEGs were mostly involved in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, while proteomic analysis revealed that DAPs were mostly related to ribosomes, photosynthesis, photosynthesis antennas, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Combined analysis showed increased mRNA levels but low abundance of nine proteins level in Whs /Grs related to photosynthetic pigment and photosynthesis. Transcriptional changes, posttranscriptional regulation and translational alterations of key enzymes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis may play important roles in the albino parts of chimeric leaves.
Assessment of the Quality of Postero-anterior Chest Radiographs Seen in a North-west Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Abubakar U. , Ibrahim A. , Nwodo V. K. , Sadiq A. A. , Akpaniwo G. M. , Mohammed A. , Mohammed D. , Yusuf I. I. , Gurama A. D. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To determine the quality of chest radiographs of adult patients x-rayed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) in accordance with Committee of European Commission (CEC) guidelines on quality criteria and to determine the most common factor that affects the radiographs.
Materials and Methods: The data was collected retrospectively from the hospital archives using a data capture sheet.
Results: A total of 266 radiographs were assessed and the age of patients whose radiographs participated in the study ranged from 20-80years. Also, a greater number of male patients 147(55.3%) participated in the study than female patients 119(44.7%). Results from the study revealed that 194(72.93%) and 225(84.59%) radiographs had correct placement of patient details and anatomical marker respectively. Adequate inspiration was achieved in 223(83.83%) radiographs with presence of artifacts seen in only 17(6.39%) radiographs. Thrown-off scapulae out of lung fields was seen in 174(65.41%) radiographs while adequate penetration was demonstrated in 209(78.57%) radiographs. Fog was seen in 16(6.02%) radiographs and rotation was recorded in 86(32.33%) radiographs. Additionally, blurring and darkroom processing faults affected 9(3.38%) and 42(15.79%) radiographs respectively. The most common cause of poor quality chest radiographs was found to be inadequate collimation affecting 110(41.35%) radiographs.
Conclusion: In terms of overall quality, only about 41(15.41%) radiographs met all criteria for a standard chest radiograph according to committee of European commission.