bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric Education Programs for Emergency Department Professionals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hesselink Gijs , Demirbas Mehmet , Rikkert Marcel Olde , Schoon Yvonne 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate geriatric education programs for emergency department (ED) professionals based on: content and teaching methods and learning outcome effects and factors promoting or hindering program implementation.DESIGNSystematic review.SETTINGED.PARTICIPANTSPhysicians, nurses, and medical residents working in the ED.METHODS AND MEASUREMENTFive major biomedical databases were searched for (quasi) experimental studies, published between 1990 and April 2018, evaluating geriatric education programs for ED professionals. Data were synthesized around study quality, learning participants, teaching content and methods, and Kirkpatrick learning outcomes.RESULTSNine before‐after studies were included. Learners were mostly ED residents and, to a smaller extent, ED nurses and physicians. Study quality was moderate, with the lowest scores on sampling and instrument validity. Programs varied from a 1‐day workshop to a 2‐year curriculum, mostly combining didactic lectures with active and experiential learning formats. Topics commonly addressed included managing: geriatric syndromes, trauma and falls, medication, atypical presentations, and care transitions. Statistically significant improvements were mostly found in learners' knowledge acquisition (six studies). Significant improvements were also found in single studies on: self‐reported geriatric screening, documentation of geriatric care, and appropriate urinary catheter placement. Factors promoting program implementation included: solving competing educational demands and busy work schedules, embedding the program in preexisting curricula, and close collaboration between emergency and geriatric medicine faculties.CONCLUSIONSVarious geriatric education programs improve the geriatric knowledge of ED professionals and seem to positively impact their clinical practice. However, more program evaluations with larger study samples, and use of valid and reliable outcome measures, are needed to provide robust evidence on the effectiveness of such programs. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1–8, 2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2402–2409, 2019
Statins in Older Danes: Factors Associated With Discontinuation Over the First 4 Years of Use
Authors: Thompson Wade , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg , Haastrup Peter , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Pottegård Anton 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEUse of statins is considerable among older persons. We investigated factors associated with statin discontinuation in new statin users aged 70 years or older within the first 4 years of use.DESIGNRegister‐based descriptive drug utilization study using data from 2008 to 2016.POPULATION/SETTINGAll Danish persons, aged 70 years or older, initiating statin treatment.MEASUREMENTSRates and predictors of statin discontinuation after 1 year (early), 2 years, and 4 years. Predictors of discontinuation were estimated using logistic regression.RESULTSWe included 83 788 statin initiators. At 1 year, 13% had discontinued their treatment, while another 12% and 13% discontinued after 2 and 4 years, respectively. The overall discontinuation rate over 4 years was 32%. Increasing age was associated with discontinuation at all time points (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.06 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.35‐3.16] at 1 year, adjusted OR = 3.94 [95% CI, 1.83‐8.49] at 4 years, comparing those aged >95 years to those aged 70‐74 years). Further, higher comorbidity scores and use of more than 10 medications were modestly associated with discontinuation. Use of statins for secondary prevention was associated with decreased odds of discontinuation compared to primary prevention at 1 year (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65‐0.83) and at 4 years (adjusted OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72‐0.95), along with concomitant use of cardiovascular (CV) therapies. The annual proportion of early discontinuers ranged from 14% to 17% for primary prevention and from 9% to 12% for secondary prevention between 2008 and 2015.DISCUSSIONStatin discontinuation within the first 4 years after initiation appeared to be influenced most strongly by age, and may also be influenced by comorbidity, polypharmacy, use for secondary prevention, and concomitant CV medication use. Future research should clarify reasons for, and discussions about, statin discontinuation and initiation among older persons, to provide additional insight on this topic. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2050–2057, 2019
Spinophilin regulates phosphorylation and interactions of the GluN2B subunit of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor
Authors: Salek Asma B. , Edler Michael C. , McBride Jonathon P. , Baucum Anthony J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractN‐methyl‐d‐Aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are abundant postsynaptic proteins that are critical for normal synaptic communication. NMDAR channel function is regulated by multiple properties, including phosphorylation. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in hippocampal neurons increases NMDAR activity, an effect abrogated by loss of spinophilin, the major PP1‐targeting protein in the postsynaptic density. However, how spinophilin regulates PP1‐dependent NMDAR function is unclear. We hypothesize that spinophilin regulates PP1 binding to the NMDAR to alter NMDAR phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that spinophilin interacts with the GluN2B subunit of the NMDAR. In human embryonic kidney 293 FT cells, activation and/or overexpression of protein kinase A increased the association between spinophilin and the GluN2B subunit of the NMDAR. Functionally, we found that spinophilin overexpression decreased PP1 binding to the GluN2B subunit of the NMDAR and attenuated the PP1‐dependent dephosphorylation of GluN2B at Ser‐1284. Moreover, in P28 hippocampal lysates isolated from spinophilin KO compared to WT mice, there was increased binding of GluN2B to PP1, decreased phosphorylation of GluN2B at Ser‐1284, and altered GluN2B protein interactions with postsynaptic density‐enriched proteins. Together, our data demonstrate that spinophilin decreases PP1 binding to GluN2B and concomitantly enhances the phosphorylation of GluN2B at Ser‐1284. The putative consequences of these spinophilin‐dependent alterations in GluN2B phosphorylation and interactions on synaptic GluN2B localization and function are discussed.
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Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials BadgeFor more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
“Juggling many balls”: Working and studying among first‐year nursing students
Authors: Christiansen Angela , Salamonson Yenna , Crawford Ruth , McGrath Belinda , Roach David , Wall Peter , Kelly Mandy , Ramjan Lucie M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of first‐year nursing students, their motivations for working and how they juggled study and other commitments while engaging in paid work.BackgroundThere has been a global rise in the number of students balancing full‐time study, paid work and other commitments, with the main antecedent financial reasons.DesignQualitative exploratory study.MethodsDrawn from a larger Australasian sequential exploratory mixed‐method study, this qualitative study was conducted with fifty first‐year undergraduate nursing and midwifery students who commenced their nursing studies in 2017. Telephone or face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with purposively selected students engaged in either nursing or non‐nursing fields of work. Interviews were conducted from April–July 2017. Interviews lasted from 15–40 min. Results were thematically analysed. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) applied.FindingsTwo main themes and accompanying subthemes were identified. The first theme explored students’ motivation behind combining work and study and identified the need for financial security and “me time”. The second theme “Juggling many balls” provided insights into the benefits students perceived, how they kept the “balls” in the air and at times dropped “balls” while balancing work, study and other commitments.ConclusionsThe motivation behind paid work was mainly financial; however, students also reported work allowed an escape and time for self which had social and health benefits. Working provided a range of positive benefits, including a sense of achievement, improved self‐esteem and financial independence.Relevance to clinical practiceBeing able to juggle and multi‐task improved skills such as organisation and the ability to prioritise, all skills that have applicability for the role as registered nurse.
Does health guidance concerning lifestyle disease prevention spread to spouses? A qualitative study
Authors: Kiryu Ikue , Sato Yumi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe how a health guidance programme provided to one person influences change in their spouse's health behaviours.BackgroundIndividuals are indirectly affected by the health behaviours of those close to them; therefore, it is likely that guidance on the prevention of lifestyle disease modifies the behaviour of targeted individuals and their family members. In a previous study, approximately 30% of families displayed positive health changes because one individual family member received health guidance.DesignThis study used an inductive, exploratory, qualitative design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with spouses of persons who participated in a health guidance programme for lifestyle‐related disease prevention. Data were analysed from 11 spouses (all women; Mage = 61.0 ± 9.1 years) using a modified grounded theory approach. This study was conducted according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ; see Appendix S1).ResultsThe process of change in each spouse was a result of their partner's influence, which changed from a stage of assisting, where the spouse contemplated {I am just a supporter} to the partner, to a stage where the spouse thought {I am also a player}, and she engaged in her own health improvement practices.ConclusionsFor a spouse to change from assisting their partner to becoming a practitioner of their own health improvement, the spouse needed to experience a sense of surprise at the changes in her partner, through calm observation of the partner's attitude. Through the spreading effect of health guidance utilisation, indirect encouragement could be expected, even when people have difficulty accessing healthcare services.Relevance to clinical practiceThis type of spreading effect from one participant to a family member could perhaps assist health guidance provisions so that disease prevention becomes more efficient.
Effectiveness of health education by telephone follow‐up on self‐efficacy among discharged patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomised control trial
Authors: Zhao Shangping , Chen Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the effectiveness of a health education programme by telephone follow‐up on the self‐efficacy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).BackgroundSelf‐efficacy is increasingly perceived to be a cornerstone in improving the capacity of self‐management. However, a paucity of research has demonstrated the effectiveness of health education by the use of a telephone follow‐up for RA patients in China.DesignThis study was a randomised control trial.MethodsRecruited patients were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. The intervention group accepted health education by telephone follow‐up four times after the patients were discharged. The patients in the control group only accepted telephone follow‐up once after they were discharged. Self‐efficacy was measured by the use of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (RASE), and data were collected at the day before the discharge, the 12th week and the 24th week after patients were discharged. The CONSORT checklist was used to check the procedure.ResultsA total of 92 discharged patients with rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled. The sociodemographic indexes of the control and intervention groups had no significant differences at baseline (p > .05). The RASE score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (p < .05) at the 12th week and the 24th week.ConclusionThe HET improved the self‐efficacy of the discharged patients with RA in the 12th week and the 24th week after discharge. This study demonstrated that our HET can improve the short‐term and long‐term effects of self‐efficacy, which implies that the clinical nursing staff should increase the frequency of HET to improve the patients’ knowledge and abilities of self‐management.Relevance to clinical practicePatients with RA will benefit from a health education programme by telephone follow‐up; thus, it is necessary for nursing managers to implement this programme.
Effect of viral load on pregnancy outcomes in chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Unal Canan , Tanacan Atakan , Ziyadova Gunel , Fadiloglu Erdem , Beksac Mehmet S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate perinatal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus infection based on infection status and to identify cut‐off values based on hepatitis B virus DNA viral load to predict composite adverse perinatal/neonatal outcomes.MethodsPregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus who delivered at Hacettepe University between 2010 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. We included 95 patients. The patients were classified into two groups based on laboratory findings and viral load: group 1 (n = 63), immune inactive; and group 2 (n = 32), immune active. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, gestational week at birth, birth weight, 5th minute APGAR scores and composite perinatal and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsGestational week at birth, birth weight and 5th minute APGAR score in group 2 were lower than those in group 1 (P < 0.001, P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). The rates of composite adverse perinatal/neonatal outcome, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, pre‐eclampsia, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, small for gestational age and 5th minute APGAR score less than 7 were significantly higher in group 2 (P < 0.001). Hepatitis B virus DNA viral load of 17 515 IU/mL (72.7% sensitivity, 78.1% specificity) and 17 515 IU/mL (81.8% sensitivity, 80.8% specificity) were determined to be cut‐off values for composite adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes, respectively.ConclusionCare should be taken in patients with a viral load of greater than 17 515 IU/mL, and pregnancy should be postponed until the inactive phase of the disease for optimal results.
Assessment of oral health‐related quality of life, measured by OHIP‐14 and GOHAI, and psychological profiling in burning mouth syndrome: A case‐control clinical study
Authors: Adamo Daniela , Pecoraro Giuseppe , Fortuna Giulio , Amato Massimo , Marenzi Gaetano , Aria Massimo , Mignogna Michele Davide 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) by comparing the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) tests, assessing their dependence with pain, anxiety and depression and, secondly, to analyse the changes in time after treatment with psychotropic drugs.MethodsTwenty‐six patients and 26 controls were included. The GOHAI, OHIP‐14, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM‐D and HAM‐A) were performed at baseline (time 0) and after 6 months of treatment (time 1). Descriptive statistics, the Mann‐Whitney non‐parametric test for two independent samples and the Wilcoxon non‐parametric test for two paired samples were used.ResultsThe scores from all outcome measurements were statistically significantly different between the cases and controls (P < .001) with a strong correlation between the GOHAI and the OHIP‐14 (P < .001). The BMS patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the VAS, HAM‐D and HAM‐A scores from time 0 to time 1 (P < 0.001), and in the OHIP‐14 scores (P < .004**) after the treatment, but no statistically significant difference in the GOHAI score (.464).ConclusionsBurning mouth syndrome patients showed poorer scores on all scales compared to the healthy subjects with a lower OHRQoL. OHIP‐14 gives a greater weight to psychological and behavioural outcomes in evaluating oral health than GOHAI, and therefore, it is a more effective questionnaire in terms of the evaluation of the treatment response. The management of BMS can improve pain, anxiety and depression and the OHRQoL.
Loudness registers: Normalizing cosmopolitan identities in a narrative of ethnic othering
Authors: Singh Jaspal Naveel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn analysis of one narrative shows how loudness of voice acquires indexical meaning in interaction and becomes a resource for the narrator to position himself along an axis of social differentiation defined in terms of morality. The narrative was collected among young, male, migrant hip hop artists in Delhi who experienced ethnic othering. In the narrative, loudness registers are used to establish voice contrasts between two antagonistic characters: the racist people of Delhi and the cosmopolitan hip hop self. The racist people speak in soft (piano) and loud (forte) registers, while the cosmopolitan self speaks in normal‐volume registers. The prosodic normalization of the self allows the narrator to differentiate himself from racist others, take moral stances on global solidarity, and construct his cosmopolitan identity.
Hepatitis B and C virus infection and risk of haematological malignancies
Authors: Marrone Aldo , Ciotti Marco , Rinaldi Luca , Adinolfi Luigi Elio , Ghany Marc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are classified as oncogenic human viruses. Chronic HBV and HCV infections are associated with higher risk of haematological malignancy development. Direct and indirect oncogenic mechanisms have been demonstrated for both HBV and HCV in several studies. HCV and overt/occult HBV infections in patients with oncohaematological disease constitute an impediment and a threat during immunosuppressive chemotherapy treatment. We review the HBV and HCV oncogenic mechanisms and the impact and the safety of antiviral treatment in patients with haematological malignancies.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of enrofloxacin in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) after oral administration
Authors: Shan Qi , Wang Jingxin , Zheng Guangming , Zhu Xinping , Yang Yuanhao , Ma Lisha , Zhao Cheng , Li Lichun , Yin Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin (ENF) with a single dose of 20 mg/kg after oral administration in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) at 28°C. The concentrations of ENF and of its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) in plasma, liver, and muscle plus skin in natural proportions were determined using HPLC. The concentration–time data for ENF in plasma were best described by a two‐compartment open model. After oral administration, the maximum ENF concentration (Cmax) of 10.99 μg/ml was obtained at 0.60 hr. The absorption half‐life (T1/2Ka) of ENF was calculated to be 0.07 hr whereas the elimination half‐life (T1/2β) of the drug was 90.79 hr. The estimates of area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) were 1,185.73 μg hr/ml and 2.21 L/kg, respectively. ENF residues were slowly depleted from the liver and muscle plus skin of largemouth bass with the T1/2β of 124.73 and 115.14 hr, respectively. Very low levels of ciprofloxacin were detected in the plasma and tissues. A withdrawal time of 24 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of ENF + CIP in muscle plus skin were less than the maximal residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg/kg established by the European Union.
Allometric growth of limb and body proportions in crocodylians
Authors: Iijima M. , Kubo T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrocodylia is the sole extant remnant of quadrupedal archosaurs playing a pivotal role in understanding the evolution of growth allometry in the archosaur locomotor apparatus. However, among crocodylians, the postnatal growth of the postcranial skeleton has almost exclusively been examined in Alligator mississippiensis, and whether other species share the same growth pattern is unknown. Here, we tested whether the following allometric trends are conserved across Crocodylia: (1) forelimb length grows isometrically relative to hindlimb length; (2) fore‐ and hindlimb lengths become relatively shorter with increasing body size; and (3) long bone cross‐sectional geometry becomes more robust relative to body size. We examined the relationships of limb lengths, stylopodial circumferences and presacral length (body size proxy) in extant crocodylians using reduced major axis regressions and compared the slopes among species. The result revealed non‐uniform growth patterns of limb architecture among living crocodylians. Generally, the hindlimb grows with negative allometry against the forelimb in non‐gavialid crocodylians, whereas two gavialids (Gavialis gangeticus and Tomistoma schlegelii) showed isometry in hind‐ vs. forelimb length scaling, potentially reflecting their unique locomotor ecology. Femur circumference scales negatively against humerus circumference in most of the species examined, which may be related to the anterior shift of the center of mass during growth. Stylopodial circumferences scale variously against stylopodial lengths and presacral length in crocodylians, lending little support to hypotheses that these allometries correlate with adult body size or metabolism (i.e. ectothermic or endothermic) in tetrapods.
The roles of sex and morphology in burrowing depth of Iberian spadefoot toads in different biotic and abiotic environments
Authors: Zamora‐Camacho F. J. , Medina‐Gálvez L. , Zambrano‐Fernández S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHiding behavior is key for most animals’ fitness, but it entails costs that must be balanced with benefits. Most research on this potential trade‐off focuses on hiding time. However, other features that might mirror an actual energy investment on hiding behavior, such as burrowing depth, have long been neglected. In this work, we examined energy‐demanding burrowing behavior of Iberian spadefoot toads (Pelobates cultripes), which hide in burrows they dig with the aid of a hard spade on each hindlimb. Namely, we tested whether toads increased burrowing depth as a response to soil dryness and predator kairomones, in search for subterranean humidity and predator avoidance, respectively. To do so, we measured burrowing depth of adult toads under three different treatments in a repeated‐measures design: damp sand, dry sand and sand with boar predator kairomones. We also checked potential effects of sex and morphology (snout–vent length, body mass, hindlimb length and spade length) on burrowing depth. Morphometric variables measured were not good predictors of burrowing depth: Mainly, body mass showed a negative relationship with burrowing depth. However, despite their greater body mass, females burrowed deeper than males in the damp sand treatment. Albeit, contradicting our hypothesis, males did not respond to the presence of predator kairomones, while females reduced their burrowing depth. This result could be a consequence of predator‐induced stress affecting burrowing ability. Also, both females and males burrowed shallower in the dry‐sand treatment than in the others, which could be due to substrate instability or to dehydration.