bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S3-Leitlinie: Nichtinvasive Beatmung als Therapie der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz
Authors: Stanzel Sarah Bettina , Spiesshoefer Jens , Trudzinski Franziska , Cornelissen Christian , Kabitz Hans-Joachim , Fuchs Hans , Boentert Matthias , Mathes Tim , Michalsen Andrej , Hirschfeld Sven , Dreher Michael , Windisch Wolfram , Walterspacher Stephan ,   Für die Leitliniengruppe, in alphabetischer Reihenfolge:,   Bickenbach, Johannes,   Budweiser, Stephan,   Delis, Sandra,   Dellweg, Dominic,   Franke, Christian,   Groß, Martin,   Geiseler, Jens,   Iberl, Gabriele,   Köhnlein, Thomas,   Mörer, Onnen,   Randerath, Winfried,   Schucher, Bernd,   Siemon, Karsten,   Stieglitz, Sven,   Storre, Jan Hendrik,   Westhoff; Michael,   Winterholler, Martin,   Wöbbeking, Hans Joachim
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie S3-Leitlinie zur nichtinvasiven Beatmung als Therapie der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz wurde im Juli 2024 auf der Internetseite der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF) veröffentlicht und bietet umfassende Empfehlungen zur Behandlung der chronisch respiratorischen Insuffizienz bei unterschiedlichen Grunderkrankungen wie z.B. COPD, thorako-restriktiven Erkrankungen, Obesitas-Hypoventilationssyndrom und neuromuskulären Erkrankungen. Eine wichtige Neuerung ist die Aufteilung der vorherigen S2k Leitlinie aus dem Jahr 2017, welche zuvor sowohl die Therapie mittels invasiver Beatmung als auch nicht-invasiver Beatmung beinhaltete. Durch eine vermehrte wissenschaftliche Evidenz und eine deutlich gestiegene Anzahl an Betroffenen, werden diese sehr unterschiedlichen Therapieformen nun in zwei getrennten Leitlinien behandelt. Ziel der Leitlinie ist, die Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischer respiratorischer Insuffizienz durch die nichtinvasive Beatmung zu verbessern und die Indikationsstellung und Therapieempfehlungen den an der Therapie beteiligten Akteuren zugänglich zu machen. Sie basiert auf der neuesten wissenschaftlichen Evidenz und ersetzt die frühere Leitlinie. Zu diesem Zweck werden detaillierte Empfehlungen zur Durchführung der nichtinvasiven Beatmung gegeben, der Einstellung der Beatmungsparameter und der anschließenden Überwachung der Therapie. Als wichtige Neuerungen der S3 Leitlinie sind neben der aktualisierten Evidenz auch die neuen Empfehlungen zur Versorgungsform der Patienten sowie zahlreiche detaillierte Behandlungspfade zu nennen, welche die Anwenderfreundlichkeit der Leitlinie erhöhen. Zusätzlich widmet sich ein gänzlich überarbeitetes Kapitel ethischen Fragen und bietet Empfehlungen für eine Begleitung am Lebensende. Diese Leitlinie ist ein wichtiges Instrument für Ärzte und andere Gesundheitsfachkräfte, um die Versorgung von Patienten mit chronischer respiratorischer Insuffizienz zu optimieren. Diese Leitlinienfassung hat eine Gültigkeit von drei Jahren, bis Juli 2027.
Transparency in action or political fiction? The pre-inquiry phase of the UK COVID-19 Inquiry
Authors: Moore Sarah , Manning Peter , Tchilingirian Jordan , Woodthorpe Kate 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines how public inquiries come into being through a detailed analysis of the pre-inquiry phase of the UK COVID-19 Inquiry. We focus on two key points of contestation—around the timing of the inquiry and its terms of reference—and suggest that what is at stake during the pre-stage of an inquiry is its ontological and epistemological orientation. Our analysis traces the emergence of two distinct positions during this phase: a grassroots position (conceiving of the inquiry as a response to the experience of collective grief) and an official position (conceiving of the inquiry as a means of learning lessons). Particular attention is given to the latter position and what it reveals about the rhetorical function of transparency in confirming a political commitment to institutional accountability, at the same time as working towards a particular conception of the inquiry as a practical task, expansive in remit, and future oriented.
Digital creativity and ecolinguistics
Authors: Law Locky 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores the intersection of digital creativity and ecolinguistics through an analysis of ecological
framings in the acclaimed video game Final Fantasy VII Remake Intergrade (FF7R_inter). Given the rise of
ecocentric games during the COVID-19 pandemic, this research examines how FF7R_inter incorporates environmental themes and the
potential impact of these themes on players’ ecological awareness. Utilizing an ecolinguistic discourse analysis approach, the
study investigates the linguistic and multimodal resources used in the game to frame environmental issues such as fossil fuel
dependency and eco-terrorism from a multiversal inter-reality perspective. The findings reveal that FF7R_inter employs specific
rhetorical strategies, including differences in ecological framings and semantic choices, to convey ecological messages, thereby
contributing to the broader discourse on environmental sustainability in pop culture. This research highlights the significant
role that digital games can play in shaping public perceptions of environmental issues and underscores the importance of
integrating ecolinguistic perspectives into the analysis of digital media.
Ultralight Scalar and Axion Dark Matter Detection with Long-Baseline Atom Interferometers
Authors: Zhao 赵 Wei 伟 , Liu 刘 Hui 慧 , Mei 梅 Xitong 希彤 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Detecting dark matter remains one of the most challenging problems in modern physics. We propose a method to detect the coupling of ultralight scalar dark matter to quarks and gluons, as well as the coupling of ultralight axion dark matter to gluons, using long-baseline atom interferometers. Interactions between ultralight scalar and axion dark matter with quarks and gluons can induce oscillations in nuclear charge radii, consequently causing oscillations in atomic transition frequencies. We calculate the differential phase shift produced by these dark matter interactions in long-baseline atom interferometers, presenting constraints on the scalar dark matter coupling parameters dg
and

d

m
^

, as well as on the axion dark matter coupling parameter 1/fa
. Our results are anticipated to improve existing bounds and complement bounds from other experiments.
Weak compound fault identification of gearboxes based on improved symplectic geometric mode decomposition and optimized cyclic kurtosis deconvolution
Authors: Li Kaihua , Jiang Hong , Zhang Xiangfeng , Lei Zhen , Bai Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Given the complex and harsh operating conditions of gear transmission systems, gearboxes are prone to compound faults. These faults often interact and couple with one another, causing early weak fault pulse characteristics to be masked by strong environmental noise and other vibration phenomena. This significantly complicates the extraction of relevant fault information from the gearbox. Failure to identify these faults in a timely manner may lead to their propagation and escalation, making the implementation of early diagnostic and maintenance strategies crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of the system. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method for extracting compound fault features based on improved symplectic geometric mode decomposition (SGMD) and optimized cyclic bispectrum deconvolution (CYCBD). Firstly, considering the periodic impact characteristics of different fault types, morphological envelope cyclic bispectrum is proposed to cluster the initial components obtained from SGMD decomposition, thereby adaptively separating different fault features contained in the compound fault signals. An adaptive filter length search strategy is subsequently introduced to optimize the CYCBD by deconvolving each initial fault component, thereby eliminating the interference caused by complex transmission paths and substantial environmental noise, which, in turn, enhances weak periodic fault pulses. Following this, the enhanced signals are subjected to envelope demodulation to extract fault characteristic frequencies, enabling the identification of various types of faults. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated through both simulation signals and actual experimental data related to gearbox compound faults. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance in identifying weak compound faults under strong environmental noise.
Proton bunch monitors for the clinical translation of prompt gamma-ray timing
Authors: Makarevich Krystsina , Schellhammer Sonja M , Pausch Guntram , Römer Katja E , Tiebel Jessica , Turko Joseph , Wagner Andreas , Kögler Toni 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Prompt gamma-ray timing is an emerging technology in the field of particle therapy treatment verification. This system measures the arrival times of gamma rays produced in the patient body and uses the cyclotron radio frequency signal as time reference for the beam micro-bunches. Its translation into clinical practice is currently hindered by observed instabilities in the phase relation between the cyclotron radio frequency and the measured arrival time of prompt gamma rays. To counteract this, two proton bunch monitors are presented, integrated into the prompt gamma-ray timing workflow and evaluated. Approach. The two monitors are (a) a diamond detector placed at the beam energy degrader, and (b) a cyclotron monitor signal measuring the phase difference between dee current and voltage. First, the two proton bunch monitors as well as their mutual correlation were characterized. Then, a prompt gamma-ray timing measurement was performed aiming to quantify the present magnitude of the phase instabilities and to evaluate the ability of the proton bunch monitors to correct for these instabilities. Main results. It was found that the two new monitors showed a very high correlation for intermediate proton energies after the first second of irradiation, and that they were able to reduce fluctuations in the detected phase of prompt gamma rays. Furthermore, the amplitude of the phase instabilities had intrinsically decreased from about 700 ps to below 100 ps due to cyclotron upgrades. Significance. The uncertainty of the prompt gamma-ray timing method for proton treatment verification was reduced. For routine clinical application, challenges remain in accounting for detector load effects, temperature drifts and throughput limitations.
Twisted clustered pinhole collimation for improved high-energy preclinical SPECT/PET
Authors: Cosmi Valerio , Kvassheim Monika , Ghosh Satyajit , Beekman Freek J , Goorden Marlies C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Advanced pinhole collimation geometries optimized for preclinical high-energy ɣ imaging facilitate applications such as ɑ and ß emitter imaging, simultaneous multi-isotope PET and PET/SPECT, and positron range-free PET. These geometries replace each pinhole with a group of clustered pinholes (CPs) featuring smaller individual pinhole opening angles (POAs), enabling sub-mm resolution imaging up to ∼1 MeV. Further narrowing POAs while retaining field-of-view (FOV) may enhance high-energy imaging but faces geometrical constraints. Here, we detail how the novel twisted CPs (TCPs) address this challenge. Approach. We compared TCP and CP collimator sensitivity at equal system resolution (SR) and SR at matched sensitivity by tuning pinhole diameters for 18F (511 keV) and 89Zr (909 keV). Additionally, simulated Derenzo phantoms at low activity (LA: 12 MBq ml−1) and high activity (HA: 190 MBq ml−1) levels, along with uniformity images, were compared to assess image resolution and uniformity. Main results. At equal SR, TCP increased average central FOV sensitivity by 15.6% for 18F and 29.4% for 89Zr compared to CP. Image resolution was comparable, except for 89Zr at LA, where TCP resolved 0.80 mm diameter rods compared to 0.90 mm for CP. Image uniformity was equivalent for 18F, while for 89Zr TCP granted a 10.4% improvement. For collimators with matched sensitivity, TCP improved SR by 6.6% for 18F and 17.7% for 89Zr while also enhancing image resolution; for 18F, rods distinguished were 0.65 mm (CP) and 0.60 mm (TCP) for HA, and 0.70 mm (CP and TCP) for LA. For 89Zr, image resolutions were 0.75 mm (CP) and 0.65 mm (TCP) for HA, and 0.90 mm (CP) and 0.80 mm (TCP) for LA. Image uniformity with TCP decreased by 18.3% for 18F but improved by 20.1% for 89Zr. Significance. This study suggests that the TCP design has potential to improve high-energy ɣ imaging.
Correlation between temperature distribution and changes in self-organized luminous pattern in an atmospheric pressure DC glow discharge with sheath gas flow
Authors: Miyazaki Toshiaki , Sasaki Koichi , Shirai Naoki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The self-organized luminous patterns observed above the anode surface in atmospheric-pressure DC glow discharges were changed by the composition of the gas flow. The patterns were observed not only with liquid anodes but also with metal anodes. Various pattern structures were observed by changing the helium gas flow rate in the core and the ambient oxygen gas flow rate supplied during the discharge. When the pattern formation was observed, the emission spectra and the radial spread of the positive column changed, and the voltage–current characteristic also changed. These results suggest that not only the anode surface but the entire discharge affects the pattern formation. Comparing the results for the liquid and metal anodes, the trends in the pattern formation and voltage–current characteristics were almost identical. The gas temperature in the discharge was also investigated in two different ways, by the laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of OH radicals and by Rayleigh scattering, showing in good agreement between both methods. Under the condition where the pattern formed, the gas temperature in the discharge was approximately 2500–3000 K and higher than that of the discharge without the pattern formation. Focusing on the gradient of the temperature distribution, the discharge with the pattern formation had a steeper gradient than that of the discharge without the pattern formation. It is suggested that not only the high temperature of the discharge but also the large gradient of the temperature change plays an important role in the pattern formation. The role of oxygen gas in the pattern formation may be the effect of increasing the temperature and altering the temperature gradient in the discharge rather than generating negative ions in the discharge.
Anticathode effect on electron kinetics in electron beam generated E × B plasma
Authors: Chopra Nirbhav Singh , Romadanov Ivan , Raitses Yevgeny 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electron beam (e-beam) generated plasmas with applied crossed electric and magnetic (

E
×
B

) fields are promising for low damage processing of materials with applications to microelectronics and quantum information systems. In cylindrical e-beam

E
×
B

plasmas, radial confinement of electrons and ions is achieved by an axial magnetic field and radial electric field, respectively. To control the axial confinement of electrons, such e-beam generated plasma sources may incorporate a conducting boundary known as an anticathode, which is placed on the axially opposite side of the plasma from the cathode. In this work, it is shown that varying the anticathode voltage bias can control the degree to which the anticathode collects or repels incident electrons, allowing control of warm electron (electron energies in 10–30 eV range) and beam electron population confinement. It is suggested that the effect of the anticathode bias on the formation of these distinct electron populations is also associated with the transition between weak turbulence and strong Langmuir turbulence.
Two-dimensional cylindrical magnetosonic shock waves in a relativistic degenerated plasma
Authors: Khaled Mahmood A H , Hager Yusra A A , Shukri Mohamed A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the characteristics of two-dimensional magnetosonic (MS) shock waves have been studied in a nonplanar relativistic degenerate collisional magnetoplasma whose constituents are non-degenerate warm ions and relativistic degenerated electrons. Employing fluid model equations for such plasma along with Maxwell equations, a set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model equations is obtained. Based on the newly obtained MHD equations, a Burgers–Kadomstev–Petviashvili (Burger–KP) equation (which describes shock wave structures) is derived in cylindrical geometry using the reductive perturbation technique. The considered plasma system was investigated under the impacts of spin-magnetization, relativistic degeneracy, cylindrical geometry, and dissipation. Numerical results revealed that the relativistic degeneracy, dissipation, and electron spin-magnetization as well as nonplanar geometry significantly altered the MS shock wave properties. Interestingly, it is found that there is a change in the shock nature and emergence of new structures due to the influences of both transverse perturbation and cylindrical geometry. The implications of our investigation may be applicable to dense astrophysical environments, particularly neutron stars, and white dwarfs at which the relativistic degenerated electrons are existed.
Investigation of magnetic resonance contrast properties of PEG-coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles in various biological environments
Authors: Chaturvedi Anamika , Pranjali Pranjali , Raj Ritu , Shukla Ayush , Singh Ranjana , Tripathi Deepak Kumar , Poluri Krishna Mohan , Singh Ranjan Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Guleria Anupam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are promising tools for biomedical applications, particularly in molecular imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The unique magnetic properties of MNPs, combined with their similarity in size to biological objects, make them ideal candidates for in situ imaging probes. The present study explores the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for improved diagnostic accuracy. Specifically, the study investigates the MR contrast properties of polyethylene glycol-coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (PEG@GONPs) in five different biological fluids. The nanoparticles were synthesized using the polyol route and their size, shape, and morphology were characterized using TEM, SEM, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivity of PEG@GONPs was studied in different biologically relevant media, and results revealed highest relaxivity in plasma as compared to other media. In addition, comparative analysis of proton relaxivity of the synthesized nanoparticles was carried out with a well-known gadolinium-based contrast agent, Omniscan, in various medium. The present findings revealed that PEG@GONPs can serve as an effective contrast agent for MRI imaging in biological fluids such as plasma, which is crucial for preclinical diagnosis of specific diseases and lesions. The high relaxivity observed in plasma could be attributed to the interaction of the nanoparticles with plasma proteins, amplifying their magnetic properties which further improve their ability to produce contrast in MR images.
Three-component soliton states in spinor F = 1 Bose–Einstein condensates with

P
T

-symmetric generalized Scarf-II potentials
Authors: Han Zhang-Lei , Lao Jun-Yi , Zhang Jia-Rui , Shen Yu-Jia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introducing

P
T

-symmetric generalized Scarf-II potentials into the three-coupled nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii equations offers a new way to seek stable soliton states in quasi-one-dimensional spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates. In scenarios where the spin-independent parameter c
0 and the spin-dependent parameter c
2 vary, we use both analytical and numerical methods to investigate the three-coupled nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii equations with

P
T

-symmetric generalized Scarf-II potentials. We obtain analytical soliton states and find that simply modulating c
2 may change the analytical soliton states from unstable to stable. Additionally, we obtain numerically stable double-hump soliton states propagating in the form of periodic oscillations, exhibiting distinct behavior in energy exchange. For further investigation, we discuss the interaction of numerical double-hump solitons with Gaussian solitons and observe the transfer of energy among the three components. These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates with

P
T

-symmetric potentials and may hold significance for both theoretical understanding and experimental design in related physics experiments.
Non-monotonic dynamic correlation explored via active microrheology
Authors: Madanchi A , Aghaei F , Rahbari S H E , Reza Rahimi Tabar M , Pöschel T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the study of local and heterogeneous structures in supercooled liquids, microrheology plays a crucial role, offering a closer examination of the mechanical properties at a local level. We concentrate on active microrheology, where an external force drives a probe particle. This technique is employed in the study of a Kob–Andersen mixture, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Through active microrheology, we analyze the positional dependence of viscosity, observing how probe particles respond to activation velocity. Utilizing advanced stochastic analysis, we disentangle the deterministic and stochastic components of the local viscosity time series, characterizing its nonlinear and intermittent properties, which indicate heterogeneity. We construct a Langevin equation to model the dynamics of local viscosity and derive its drift and diffusion coefficients from simulation data. Additionally, we investigate the temperature-dependent variations of viscosity dynamics, unveiling their multiplicative and nonlinear nature. We elaborate on how the existence of multiplicative dynamics in viscosity results in the characteristic emergence of heterogeneity within viscosity dynamics. We derive a dynamic correlation length from local viscosity. Moreover, this correlation length shows a non-monotonic dependence on temperature with a maximum at about the Kauzmann temperature.
Asymmetric iterated prisoner’s dilemma on weighted complex networks and evolutionary strategies analysis
Authors: Ding Yunhao , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Jianlei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In real-world scenarios, individuals often cooperate for mutual benefit. However, differences in wealth, reputation, and rationality can lead to varying outcomes for similar actions. Besides, in complex social networks, an individual’s choices are frequently influenced by their neighbors. To explore the evolution of strategies in realistic settings, we conduct repeated asymmetric iterated prisoner’s dilemma experiments on weighted networks using a Memory-one strategy framework and different strategy update rules. During the strategy evolution on the network, two key strategies emerge, and we name them as ‘self-bad, partner-worse’ and the ‘altruists’. Then, we perform separate evolutionary experiments on several strong strategies on corresponding networks and find that strategy ‘self-bad, partner-worse’ can still stand out from the dominant strategies. Finally, by introducing optimization mechanisms, we increase the cooperation levels among individuals within the group. The models utilize in these studies diverge from conventional approaches, scrutinizing the evolutionary process at a macroscopic scale. These findings broaden the scope of evolutionary games and furnish a foundation for addressing real-world challenges.