bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for unequivocal structural identification of compounds with biological activity of significance in food chemistry (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Molyneux Russell J. , Beck John J. , Colegate Steven M. , Edgar John A. , Gaffield William , Gilbert John , Hofmann Thomas , McConnell Laura L. , Schieberle Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIsolation of endogenous constituents of foods is generally performed in order to elucidate the biological activity of individual compounds and their role with respect to factors such as organoleptic qualities, health and nutritional benefits, plant protection against herbivores, pathogens and competition, and presence of toxic constituents. However, unless such compounds are unequivocally defined with respect to structure and purity, any biological activity data will be compromised. Procedures are therefore proposed for comprehensive elucidation of food-based organic structures using modern spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Also included are guidelines for the experimental details and types of data that should be reported in order for subsequent investigators to repeat and validate the work. Because food chemistry usually involves interdisciplinary collaboration, the purpose is to inform chemists and scientists from different fields, such as biological sciences, of common standards for the type and quality of data to be presented in elucidating and reporting structures of biologically active food constituents. The guidelines are designed to be understandable to chemists and non-chemists alike. This will enable unambiguous identification of compounds and ensure that the biological activity is based on a secure structural chemistry foundation.
Coordination of tridentate ligands to SmI2: cooperativity and incremental effect on reduction potential and on reactivity
Authors: Nimkar Amey , Maity Sandeepan , Hoz Shmaryahu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The effect of coordination of a series of tridentate ligands (TDLs) on various features of SmI2 was determined. The TDLs used in this study were diethylene glycol (OOO), diethanolamine (ONO), 2-(2-Aminoethoxy) ethanol (OON), N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) ethylene diamine (ONN) and glycerol (GLY). Of special interest is the effect of these additives on the reduction potential of SmI2. The cyclic voltammograms of the TDLs with nitrogen at the binding sites display simultaneously several peaks, each corresponding to a different coordination level of SmI2, enabling determination of three equilibrium constants. The results are in concert with electronic spectra of SmI2 complexes with these ligands. The second and third equilibrium constants were found to be larger than the first, demonstrating the cooperativity effect. Moreover, the incremental effect of each moiety on the reduction potential of SmI2 was determined. Regarding reactivity of SmI2, excessive coordination of some ligands is shown to have an adverse effect.
Origen in Paradise: A Response to Peter Martens
Authors: Edwards Mark 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article is a response to Peter Martens, “Origen’s Doctrine of Pre-Existence and the Opening Chapters of Genesis,” ZAC 16 (2012): 516–549, in which he argues that Origen imagines the primitive state of human beings to be strictly incorporeal. Following the structure of Marten’s argument, it will be argued (a) that while Origen rejects anthropomorphic elements in the narrative of the creation of Eden, he does not deny its existence as a place in the world; (b) that Origen sometimes means by the fall of “rational beings” the fall of angels rather than human beings; (c) that the doctrine that “the end is like the beginning” ought to entail that humans had bodies in the beginning, as they will at the end; (d) that passages said by Martens to speak of a church that antedates the world are open to a different interpretation; and (e) that Origen does not say unequivocally that “coats of skin” at Genesis 3:21 represent bodies.
Ignatius of Antioch and Scripture
Authors: Lookadoo Jonathon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article challenges a consensus position in Ignatian studies by arguing that Ignatius’s use of scripture has been underestimated and exploring two proposals for ways in which scripture influenced Ignatius. The essay first addresses the weak foundations of the consensus, namely, Ignatius’s report about his visit to Philadelphia and the small number of direct citations. It then explores two suggestions for how Ignatius displays his indebtedness to an early Jewish thought-world. First, Ignatius employs scriptural imagery in his letters. Second, he alludes to language that is found in several places across the Old Testament. Although the number of explicit citations is small, an expanded understanding of Ignatius’s use of Jewish scripture that takes into account imagery and allusions sheds light on Ignatius’s awareness of scripture and is in keeping with the practices of other early Christian texts.
The Adaptive Amplitude-Phase Control for Sinusoidal Fatigue Test of Automobile Engine Flywheel
Authors: Zhang Bing , Mujtaba Muhammad , Qian Pengfei , Jiang Ziliang , Li Jiandong , Xie Fangwei , Wang Cuntang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
High-frequency and long-running hydraulic servo system sinusoidal tests are developed for automobile engine flywheels in this article. The frequency characteristic of the hydraulic system is revealed by the classical control method and the double inertia loop. The feedforward controller is introduced so as to compare it with the adaptive control. The modified amplitude-phase adaptive control (MAPAC) method is proposed to cope with the uncertainties in the hydraulic system to increase the precision of sinusoidal experiments without knowing the structure and parameters of the system. The amplitude error, phase delay, and the center position error of the sinusoidal signal are identified in the time domain, and the iterative equations are established for these three parameters. The simulation and experimental results show that higher tracking accuracy can be achieved with the sinusoidal signal than the feedforward controller by using the MAPAC controller.
Comparative Studies on the Ablation/Erosion Mechanisms of Silicone Rubber Composites under Erosion of Different Particles by New Testing Method
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Zha Bailin , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The performance of solid rocket ramjets is affected by the ablation resistance of silicone rubber composites in the secondary combustion chamber. To investigate the ablation mechanisms of silicone rubber composites in multiphase flow environments, a new ablation testing methodology, in which particles can be added to the flame, is developed in this investigation. Boron oxide (B2O3) and alumina (Al2O3) particles were used to simulate condensed-phase particles. The experimental results show that because of the high hardness and melting point of Al2O3, the mechanical destruction of the Al2O3 particles was so intense that the surface of silicone rubber composite was completely destroyed, and the matrix was exposed to the surface. The surfaces of the B2O3 particles melted and evaporated in the flame, forming a liquid layer, similar to condensed-phase particles in the secondary combustion chamber of solid ramjet. After the ablation of silicone rubber under the erosion action of B2O3 particles, a char layer and pyrolysis layer were formed, similar to the scenario during the actual ablation of silicone rubber composites. The multiphase flow environment with B2O3 particles can truly reflect the ablative environment experienced by silicone rubber composites.
Testing of Contact Stress at Ballast Bed-Soil Subgrade Interface under Cyclic Loading Using the Thin-Film Pressure Sensor
Authors: Xiao Junhua , Wang Yanhai , Zhang De , Zhang Xiao , Guo Jiaqi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A novel pressure testing method, i.e., a thin-film pressure distribution measurement system, was utilized to investigate the contact area and stress at the ballast bed-soil subgrade interface of conventional railways during cyclic loading in model tests. Factors like the amplitude and frequency of cyclic loading and the existence or nonexistence of the subballast were considered to study their effects on the contact area and average stress over the contact area at the interfaces. In addition, the testing results were compared with those measured by the traditional testing method using earth pressure cells and those calculated by the finite element method (FEM) based on continuum theory. The study shows that, because of the discontinuous characters of the ballast medium, the stress diffused from the ballast bed on the subgrade surface was unevenly distributed but becoming relatively evenly distributed as the subballast was being installed. The subgrade surface stresses measured by the earth pressure cell and calculated by the FEM were very similar, but both were about 50 % lower than the average stress over the contact area measured by the novel thin-film pressure sensor. As the interface stress between the ballast bed and the subgrade is a key factor in subgrade deterioration, new testing methods and numerical calculation methods can consider the discontinuous characters of the ballast appropriately to be necessary for the investigations of the interface contact stress.
micRocounter: Microsatellite Characterization in Genome Assemblies
Authors: Lo Johnathan , Jonika Michelle M , Blackmon Heath 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Microsatellites are repetitive DNA sequences usually found in non-coding regions of the genome. Their quantification and analysis have applications in fields from population genetics to evolutionary biology. As genome assemblies become commonplace, the need for software that can facilitate analyses has never been greater. In particular, R packages that can analyze genomic data are particularly important since this is one of the most popular software environments for biologists. We created an R package, micRocounter, to quantify microsatellites. We have optimized our package for speed, accessibility, and portability, making the automated analysis of large genomic data sets feasible. Computationally intensive algorithms were built in C++ to increase speed. Tests using benchmark datasets show a 200-fold improvement in speed over existing software. A moderately sized genome of 500 Mb can be processed in under 50 sec. Results are output as an object in R increasing accessibility and flexibility for practitioners.
Relevansi Pemilihan Umum Serentak Presiden Dengan Legislatif Terhadap Penguatan Sistem Presidensial di Indonesia
Authors: Kamil Ahmad Bustomi 
Published: August 2019

Abstrak. Relevansi Pemilihan Umum Serentak Presiden dengan Legislatif Terhadap Penguatan Sistem Presidensial di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Dengan dibatalkannya Pasal 3 ayat (5) Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008, berdampak pada diselenggarakannya Pemilihan Umum secara serentak antara Presiden dengan Legislatif untuk tahun 2019 dan seterusnya. Pemilihan Umum serentak tersebut diproyeksikan membawa implikasi pada penguatan sistem presidensial di Indonesia. Namun apakah Pemilihan Umum serentak mempunyai relevansi terhadap penguatan sistem presidensial, serta variabel apa saja yang mempengaruhi dalam rangka penguatan sistem presidensial. Kata kunci: Pemilihan Umum, Prwsidensial, Legislatif
Persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Dalam Pengangkatan Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 Tentang Kepolisian
Authors: Ramandika Rizki 
Published: August 2019

Abstrak. Persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Dalam Pengangkatan Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 Tentang kepolisian. Fenomena yang terjadi di masyarakat yaitu dewan perwakilan rakyat ikut serta dalam menentukan Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia bersama presiden padahal sistem pemerintahan kita menganut sistem presidensil kewenangan pengangkatan Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia harusnya utuh berada ditangan presiden karena presiden memiliki hak prerogratif dalam pengangkatan Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. Peran Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dalam hal pengangkatan Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia yakni, pergeseran kekuasaan presiden sebagai kepala Negara dan kepala pemerintahan dalam sistem presidensil, Presiden bukanlah pemegang otoritas tunggal dalam memilih Kepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, dan. Sistem Presidensil tidak berjalan secara konsisten. Kata Kunci: Persetujuan DPR, UU No. 2 Tahumn 2002, Kepolisian
Implementasi Whistleblowing System Sebagai Upaya Menumbuhkan Kepercayaan Politik Terhadap Lembaga DPR RI
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim , Diyani Trini 
Published: August 2019

Abstrak: Kepercayaan terhadap Kinerja DPR RI merupakan hal penting dalam relasi kehidupan masyarakat dan bernegara. DPR RI bertindak sebagai pembawa suara rakyat dan mengajukan berbagai kepentingan rakyat terhadap pemerintah. namun pada kenyataannya kepercayaan itu dibalas dengan tindakan dan kinerja yang tidak jelas. Kinerja DPR tersebut ternyata sangat memprihatinkan, terburuk selama reformasi (10 tahun), dianalisis dari minimnya produk undang-undang, penganggaran yang lebih cendrung mengakomodir kepentingan individu dan kelompok. Buruknya kinerja DPR berdampak pada rendahnya kepercayaan publik. Tingkat kepercayaan publik pada DPR RI berada di angka 47-52 persen, terendah dari pada lembaga-lembaga kekuasaan lainnya. Rakyat tidak bisa merasakan kinerja yang baik dari DPR. Kepercayaan publik yang rendah berdampak terhadap lambannya jalan demokrasi di Indonesia, selain itu dapat melemahkkan posisi DPR dalam mengontrol eksekutif dan membuat undang-undang. Whistleblowing system dalam hal ini mencoba berperan aktif di dalam kinerja DPR itu sendiri untuk membangun sebuah kepercayaan antara masyarakat dan wakil rakyat untuk memperjuangkan berbagai hak dan kepentingan rakyat. Kata Kunci : Kepercayaan, Kinerja DPR RI, Whistleblowing System
Penggunaan Model Nota Kesepahaman Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional Buruh Migran
Authors: Anggraeni RR Dewi , Wardhani Sabrina Kusumah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss legal protection for migrant workers. However, there is a difference between the legal and cultural systems of the sending country and the recipient country, thus causing many problems. To anticipate such problems, both sending and receiving countries are required to take legal protection measures, so that they can avoid being the object of arbitrariness/lawlessness. Therefore, to avoid things that are not desirable, one of the efforts that need to be done is to make bilateral agreements in the form of legal documents in a model that is not too formal, but quite effective with the recipient country. In addition, the commitment of the Indonesian government is shown by its active participation in the discussion of various international legal instruments related to the rights of migrant workers.Keywords: Migrant Workers, Memorandum of Understanding, Constitutional Rights AbstrakTujuan artikel ini adalah untuk membahas perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja migran. Namun, ada perbedaan antara sistem hukum dan budaya negara pengirim dan negara penerima, sehingga menimbulkan banyak permasalahan. Untuk mengantisipasi masalah seperti itu, baik negara pengirim dan negara penerima diwajibkan untuk melakukan tindakan perlindungan hukum, sehingga mereka dapat menghindari menjadi objek kesewenang-wenangan/pelanggaran hukum. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghindari hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan, maka salah satu upaya yang perlu dilakukan adalah membuat perjanjian bilateral dalam bentuk dokumen hukum dalam model Nota Kesepahaman (MoU) yang tidak terlalu formal, tetapi cukup efektif dengan negara penerima. Selain itu, komitmen pemerintah Indonesia ditunjukkan dengan partisipasi aktifnya dalam diskusi berbagai instrumen hukum internasional terkait dengan hak-hak pekerja migran.Kata Kunci: Buruh Migran, Nota Kesepahaman, Hak Konstitusional
Perwujudan Prinsip Keadilan Dalam Land Acquisition Untuk Pembangunan Infrastruktur Melalui Penerapan Compulsory Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Authors: Arief Abdillah , Putra Muhamad Al-Jabbar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLand is one of the important elements of national development program, where each infrastructure development activity initiated by the government in the sector will always relate to land and land acquisition, for entities that can’t be ignored. The arrangement of land forms has also been accommodated in the form of laws and implementing regulations. However, in general, there’re no problems with the same problems from eviction and seizure, but conflicts between government and society are unavoidable. This paper presents a systematic analysis using the normative-empirical method for various cases of land acquisition by reviewing it based on a conceptual approach, which is seen from the viewpoint of the Law Number 5 Year 1960 and of the concept of The Theory of Justice from Rawls. The results of the research analysis lead researchers to Compulsory Rehabilitation and Resettlement as a solution that is considered to be able to realize justice as fairness in the concept of humanitarian and equitable land acquisition, so it can be a concrete effort to realize social welfare for all Indonesian people.Keywords: Land Acquisition, National Development, Justice AbstrakTanah merupakan salah satu elemen terpenting dalam rencana pembangunan nasional. Setiap kegiatan pembangunan infrastruktur yang digagas oleh pemerintah dalam sektor rill selalu berkaitan dengan tanah dan pengadaan tanah, sebagai suatu entitas yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Regulasi mekanisme pengadaan tanah pun telah diakomodir dalam bentuk undang-undang dan peraturan pelaksananya. Akan tetapi secara implementatif, mekanisme pengadaan tanah di Indonesia tak terlepas dari problematika pelik yang berakar dari ketidakadilan pemerintah yang identik dengan penggusuran dan perampasan, sehingga konflik antara pemerintah dan masyarakat merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dihindari. Tulisan ini memaparkan analisis secara sistematis menggunakan metode normatif-empiris terhadap berbagai kasus pengadaan tanah dengan dikaji berdasakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, yaitu dilihat dari sudut pandang Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 Tentang Pokok-Pokok Agraria dan konsep Teori Keadilan dari Rawls. Hasil analisis penelitian mengarahkan peneliti kepada Compulsory Rehabilitation and Resettlement sebagai sebuah solusi yang dinilai dapat mewujudkan justice as fairness dalam konsep pengadaan tanah yang humanis dan berkeadilan, sehingga dapat menjadi upaya kongkrit dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Pengadaan Tanah, Pembangunan Nasional, Keadilan
Rekonstruksi Teori Komunikasi Politik Dalam Membangun Persepsi Publik
Authors: Zahrotunnimah Zahrotunnimah , Yunus Nur Rohim , Susilowati Ida 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:Presidential elections are part of the democratic party event. However, the presidential elections in 2014 and 2019 were unique elections and took a lot of public attention. In addition to only being followed by two candidates, they also formed two big camps of supporters who shared high fanatics with each candidate. In this study, the extent to which political communication theory was built by the two candidates was examined, so as to convince potential voters. In various ways carried out to attract public sympathy for the feasibility of each candidate to become the leader of the country. Some people provide positive perceptions by giving appreciation, but others provide negative perceptions and consider their acts of political communication to be limited to mere imaging. Therefore, this study wants to answer these problems.Keywords: Political Communication, Public Perception, Presidential Election Abstrak:Pemilihan umum presiden merupakan bagian dari ajang pesta demokrasi. Akan tetapi pemilihan umum presiden di tahun 2014 dan 2019 merupakan ajang pemilu yang unik dan menyita banyak perhatian publik. Selain hanya diikuti oleh dua kandidat, juga membentuk dua kubu besar pendukung yang sama-sama memiliki fanatik yang tinggi kepada masing-masing kandidat. Dalam penelitian ini, dikaji sejauhmana teori komunikasi politik dibangun oleh kedua kandidat, sehingga dapat meyakinkan calon pemilihnya. Dengan berbagai cara dilakukan guna menarik simpati publik akan kelayakan masing-masing kandidat untuk menjadi pemimpin negeri. Sebagian masyarakat memberikan persepsi positif dengan memberikan apresiasi, akan tetapi sebagian lain memberikan persepsi negatif dan menganggap tindakan komunikasi politiknya hanya sebatas pencitraan belaka. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ingin menjawab permasalahan tersebut.Kata Kunci: Komunikasi Politik, Persepsi public, Pemilu Presiden
De novo Analysis of Heortia vitessoides (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Transcriptome and Identification of Putative Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Genes
Authors: Cheng Jie , Lyu Zihao , Wang Chunyan , Chen Jingxiang , Lin Tong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We analyzed a transcriptome generated from four developmental stages of Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a defoliator of the agarwood tree, Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae). A total of 110.53 Mb clean reads were produced, and de novo assembled into 42,946 unigenes of an average length of 1,059 base pairs (bp). Among these unigenes, 22,106 (51.47%) showed significant similarity (E-value &lt;10–5) to known proteins in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nonredundant database. Gene ontology (GO), eukaryotic ortholog groups (KOG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to classify the functionality of unigenes. Moreover, 46 putative cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase genes were identified from this dataset. These CYP genes were classified into four clans consisting of 22 families and 34 subfamilies. The expression profiles of genes belonging to CYP4 and CYP6 families and exposed to half the lethal concentrations (LC50) of chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin were determined by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results showed that the transcription levels of eight (CYP4M39, CYP6AB49, CYP6AB53, CYP6AB61, CYP6AE17, CYP6AW1, CYP6BD6, CYP6CV1) and five (CYP6AB10, CYP6AB53, CYP6AE12, CYP6AE17, CYP6BD6) genes significantly increased in the fourth-instar larvae following exposure to the insecticides chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin, respectively. Therefore, these genes are potential candidates involved in the detoxification of these two insecticides. Further studies utilizing the RNA interference approach are required to enhance our understanding of the functionality of these genes in this forest pest.