bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new cult of Pax Augusta 13 BC – AD 14
Authors: Stern Gaius 
Published: March 2018

As Augustus returned to Rome in 13 BC, the Senate passed a constitutio to build in his honor a lasting altar of peace, the Ara Pacis Augustae, to signal with a major ceremony the new peace all over the Roman world, Gibbon’s Pax Romana. As we know from Ovid Fast. 1. 709–714, 3. 881–882, the Ara Pacis was the site of two annual sacrifices (on 30 Jan. and 30 March) to Pax, an innovation of the Augustan Age, for formerly Pax had been a minor goddess without a temple. The Augustan regime elevated a new form of Pax as a religious cult and made it acceptable to the Roman people, who had regarded Pax as the phenomenon of a foreign power too beaten down to resist Roman arms any longer and had no use for pacifism (in the modern sense), which would be seen only as cowardly in their dangerous world.
Augustus had started this process, perhaps not intentionally, back when he closed the Gates of Janus in 29. By bringing together Greco-Roman elements of Pax with Jupiter and Janus, he was able to forge a new religious cult to Pax Augusta that could appeal to the average Roman by its promise of prosperity and the absence of civil war. Foreign war was perfectly acceptable and not incompatible with this cult, but the emphasis was on domestic harmony and old traditional religious practices, even if the average listener could not understand some of these obligatory, archaic chants. For this reason, the third closing of the Gates of Janus very likely accompanied one of the Ara Pacis ceremonies.
Augustus also built on precedents from his divine father Julius, who had founded the towns Forum Iulii Pacatum (Fréjus, France) and Pax Iulia (Beja, Portugal) and issued Pax imagery on coinage to gain the moral high ground during the civil war. Augustus went one step further with larger sets of Pax coin issues to tell the people that he, not Antony, was trying to maintain peace when Cleopatra wanted war, and then a sequel after Actium that demonstrated his ability to prevail and restore order. The image of Pax Augusta evolved as it developed, but the epitome is the goddess we see on the East side of the Ara Pacis, surrounded by fertility and prosperity, in a state of security. Rome too would enjoy the same benefits.
Inviting gods: Cases of theophanies in the PGM collection1
Authors: Chronopoulou Eleni 
Published: March 2018

Theophanies are a structural element of every religion and are based, partly, on the effort to reinforce the religious credo of believers — the appearance of a god before the eyes of a human proves his existence and his power — and, partly, on the need of humans to reassure their faith, always seeking proofs. Probably the earliest description of a theophany is in the Epic of Gilgamesh but certainly the most impressive is the Homeric narration of the encounter between Athens and Ulysses under a tree, where they talk and laugh like old friends.
However, testimonies of theophanies can be also found on the margin of official religion, in the field of magic. The difference here is that god does not appear voluntarily but is compelled by the power of the magic rituals to reveal himself and serve human desires. In this paper, I intend to unfold the PGM (Papyri Graecae Magicae) collection, and, bearing in mind its magico-religious syncretistic character and the multi-cultural and multi-religious environment of its Greco-Roman Egyptian origin, to describe the magical procedures aimed at the appearance of the god and then to analyze their underlying similarities and compare them with the “official” theophanies, in order to detect repeated motifs, influences or problems.
Pillanat vagy történeti folyamatosság: Rekonstrukció és/vagy helyreállítás
Authors: Fejérdy Tamás 
Published: March 2018

A fizikai valóságában létező műemlék egy adott időmetszetben vizsgálva magán hordozza a megelőző története minden hatásának következményeit, a szándékolt és szándékolatlan beavatkozások eredőjeként. A műemlék hordozta értékek továbbéltetése szorosan összefügg azzal, hogy milyen, nem csupán az anyagi dimenziókra vonatkozó rendeltetést szánnak az adott műemléknek. A történeti folyamatosság értelmezésében a műemlékvédelmi gondolat 19. századi térnyerése óta jelen lévő, ugyanakkor jelentéstartalmában változó fogalmak-elvárások a műemlékként elismert javak hitelesége és integritása. Megőrzésükhöz is elengedhetetlenül szükséges a konzerválás, a restaurálás, illetve mindenekelőtt a folyamatos gondozás — mindez szoros összefüggésben a rendeltetéssel, a fenntartó (és fenntartható) használattal. Felvetődhet a tervezett fejlesztés pillanatában már nem létező részek, meghatározó jelentőségű összetevők rekonstruálásának a gondolata. Az adott pillanatban rendelkezésre álló tudás, információk alapján születik döntés arról, hogy milyen volt, és hogy milyen/melyik legyen az a történeti folyamatosság, amelyet megjeleníteni szándékozunk. A konzerválást, restaurálást meghaladó mértékű beavatkozások az adott pillanat, esetünkben a 21. század alkotásai. A rekonstruktív kiépítés igazolását alátámasztani kívánó módszerek, eszközök tárháza jelentősen bővült az információs technológia (IT) nyújtotta lehetőségekkel.
A rekonstrukció, bár elsődlegesen biztosan nem tekinthető műemlékvédelmi beavatkozásnak, bizonyos körülmények között ebben a körben is értelmezhető. Az időtényező meghatározó jelentőséggel bír e tekintetben. A töredékessé válás vagy a teljes pusztulás utáni nagyobb időtávlat után a rekonstruktív kiépítés kizárólag csak a friss beavatkozás pillanatnyi megközelítéséből vezethető le. A fizikailag fennmaradt értékek megőrzését, fenntarthatóságát szolgáló helyreállítás kiegészítésére az információs technológia számos, visszafordíthatatlan fizikai beavatkozással nem járó eszközt, megoldást is kínál. Az eltúlzott rekonstrukciós beavatkozás manipuláció: „Mostantól kezdve minden másképpen volt.”
The spatial dimension of liturgy
Authors: Katona Vilmos 
Published: March 2018

The present study focuses on the spatial aspect of the liturgy, the raison d’être of church building. The topicality of this approach is explained either by the manner of international communication about sacred architecture, or by the work of German architect Rudolf Schwarz (1897–1961), who is cited anew, very often due to his unification of architectural praxis, scientific activity and a life of a devoted man deservedly still influential in the field. A church can be understood by its operative function. Throughout the most important liturgical reform movements of the 20th century, one can get an insight into the spatial concepts of the designers, which, consciously or not, reflect the achievements of these movements even today.
In the contemporary praxis of Latin Rite liturgy, the divorce between the once close-knit aspects of the worship are palpable, thanks to these reforms on the one hand, and their late interpretations on the other. Inspired by autonomous readings, the sacrificial act of the Eucharist (sacrificium) and the symbol of the communal feast (cena) were associated with correspondent models of space. This problem shares root with the frequent contraposition of personal devotion and the communio: the former prevails in oriented spaces, while the latter appears in the central. Spatial concepts capable of respecting both religious devotion and the needs of the community in their primordial unity and theological profoundness, seldom can be found today. Following the terminology of Albert Gerhards and Walter Zahner, these are often referred to as communio-spaces (Communio-Räume). Albeit the proposition of this space type is clearly theoretical, it looks back to important antecedents from the 20th century, and defines a multiplicity of new directions. The story of communio-space spans from Rudolf Schwarz to the contemporary church architecture of Central and Western Europe as well as North America, and still influences the newest designs of liturgical spaces. In Hungary, this recent issue of spatial arrangement is not a question of a substantial debate up to now, yet even this limited number of experiments necessitate the idea and applied examples of communio-space to acquire more attention here as well.
Burnout Among Student-Athlete Services Professionals
Authors: Rubin Lisa M. , Moreno-Pardo Maria D. 
Published: March 2018

Literature on job burnout in athletics is limited to coaches, trainers, athletes, and administrators. Among student-services professionals, studies have focused on those in student support services, student affairs and mid-level administration. The purpose of this study was to explore factors why student-athlete services professionals burn out and consider leaving the profession. Themes from the literature on burnout include work overload, work environment/autonomy, evaluation/supervision, social support, and values/motivation/expectations. Burnout also serves as the theoretical framework for this study based on these six themes. The researchers sought volunteers from the N4A membership willing to be interviewed about burnout in the student-athletes services profession. We conducted interviews in Fall 2016 with 38 professionals in the field including directors, assistant/associate directors, advisors, learning specialists, and student-athlete development professionals with varying levels of experience in the field, which inform athletic administrators of the factors which lead to burnout and high turnover. The goal is to share this information as a mode of preventing burnout among talented student-athletes services professionals and their leaving the profession.
Serial Troponin for Early Detection of Nivolumab Cardiotoxicity in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Sarocchi Matteo , Grossi Francesco , Arboscello Eleonora , Bellodi Andrea , Genova Carlo , Dal Bello Maria Giovanna , Rijavec Erika , Barletta Giulia , Rossi Giovanni , Biello Federica , Ghigliotti Giorgio , Canepa Marco , Mussap Michele , Brunelli Claudio , Spallarossa Paolo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Rare cases of severe myocarditis are reported during treatment with nivolumab. Troponin, a biomarker of cardiac damage, is a key component of the diagnostic workup of many cardiac disorders, including myocarditis. This study investigates the role of troponin to assess cardiac involvement during nivolumab therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods
We evaluated 59 NSCLC patients, analyzing serum samples collected within a translational research study. Troponin above the upper normal limit (0.046 ng/mL) was defined as Tn+, whereas normal but detectable troponin (0.015–0.045) was defined as Tndet. Troponin alterations were interpreted on the grounds of the following elements: peak values and time curve, cardiac comorbidities, signs and symptoms coincident to troponin elevation, ECG, echocardiography, and disease progression.

Results
No patient had cardiovascular events. Among 362 available blood samples, Tn+ (max 0.317 ng/mL) was found in 13 determinations belonging to 6 patients. Seven other patients had isolated Tndet. In five patients, Tn+ was attributed to cardiac comorbidities, disease progression, or worsening clinical status. One patient without cardiac history and in good clinical condition had a sustained troponin increase—soon after the start of therapy—and after careful evaluation of all relevant elements, it was interpreted as a marker of nivolumab-related subclinical myocarditis.

Conclusion
Tn+ may occur in NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab, but in most cases it does not indicate nivolumab cardiotoxicity. In some cases, however, a careful interpretation of troponin alteration, especially at the beginning of therapy, enables identification of subclinical myocarditis, thus allowing early cardiac treatment.

Implications for Practice
Myocarditis is a rare but serious adverse event of immune checkpoint blockade with nivolumab, which needs to be recognized as soon as possible. This article suggests that troponin, a user-friendly biomarker of myocardial cytotoxicity, might be useful for early detection of immune-mediated myocarditis. However, because troponin abnormalities might also be related to a number of conditions capable of causing myocardial oxygen demand-supply mismatch, a careful cardiac assessment should be performed in non-small cell lung cancer patients in order to properly interpret any troponin increase. According to the available evidence, monitoring troponin during the first weeks of treatment can be considered reasonable.
Patients characteristics associated with better glycemic response to teneligliptin and metformin therapy in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study
Authors: V. Gadge Pradeep , P. Gadge Roshani , D. Paralkar Nikita 
Published: March 2018

Background: Teneligliptin was recently approved for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management in India and is used as monotherapy or in combination with different antidiabetic drugs. The aim of this study was to identify patients’ characteristics associated with better glycemic response to teneligliptin and metformin.Methods: A retrospective analysis of data was performed in patients of T2D with HbA1c above 7% who were treated with teneligliptin 20 mg/d as add on to metformin (500-100 mg/d) and whose follow-up data at 12-weeks was available. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS) changes were analysed. Results: Among 66 patients included in analysis, mean age was 61.0±9.8 years and 53% were females. Median duration of diabetes was 2 years. At 12-weeks, a significant reduction PPBS was observed (mean change: -14.3 mg/dL, p=0.009) but not in FBS (mean change: -2.4 mg/dL, p=0.353). Among different patients’ characteristics, age ≤60 years (p=0.006), duration of ≤1 year (p=0.023), body-mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (p=0.009), presence of dyslipidemia (p=0.05) and absence of complications (p=0.012) were associated with significant reduction in PPBS but not in FBS.Conclusions: A younger, newly-diagnosed, obese T2D patients with dyslipidemia without any complications of diabetes can derive better therapeutic effectiveness from teneligliptin added to metformin. These findings need to be confirmed in large, prospective, long duration study.
A prospective study of hypothyroidism in tribal women of East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Satyanarayana Posina Veera Venkata , Acharya Anand 
Published: March 2018

Background: Hypothyroidism is usually categorized under iodine deficient disorder. Ever since universal salt iodization programme is adopted in India there is shift in balance from iodine deficiency to sufficiency state. But studies conducted by various authors during post - iodization period indicated that hypothyroidism is still prevalent in India despite of promotion of iodised salt. So due to lack of information on thyroid status of women in East Godavari of Andhra Pradesh. This study has been conducted to study the hypothyroidism in tribal women in this region.Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the department of General Medicine Konaseema Institute of Medical Science Godavari between July 2015 to November 2017. Based on specific clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism among 4680 women patient who has attended the health camp 864 patients were selected for haematological evaluation.5ml of fasting blood was collected and thyroid function test was done by estimation of T3, T4, and TSH levels in serum by using ROCHE COBASE-411 immunohistochemistry Analyser.Results: Out of 864 women 342(39.50%) women were euthyroid out of that 84(9.72%) were 15 to30yrs of age, 192(22.2%) were between 31 to 45 years of age and 166(19.21%) were between46 to 65yrs. 316(36.57%) women were having subclinical hypothyroidism, among them 48(5.5%) were between 15 to 30yrs of age, 178(20.60%) were between 31 to 45yrs age and rest 90(10.41%) were between 46 to 65yrs of age. 110 patients were suffering from hypothyroidism that is 12.73%, out of that 12 were between 15 to 30yrs of age, 62(7.17) patients were between 31 to 45yrs age and rest were between 46 to 65yrs that is 36(4.16%).Conclusions: In this study we have found that subclinical hypothyroidism is more common than hypothyroidism. Author have also found that thyroid disorder was more common in reproductive age group tribal women in east Godavari dist. of Andhra Pradesh.
The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference From Observational Data
Authors: Hernán Miguel A. 
Published: March 2018

Causal inference is a core task of science. However, authors and editors often refrain from explicitly acknowledging the causal goal of research projects; they refer to causal effect estimates as associational estimates. This commentary argues that using the term “causal” is necessary to improve the quality of observational research. Specifically, being explicit about the causal objective of a study reduces ambiguity in the scientific question, errors in the data analysis, and excesses in the interpretation of the results.
Joint Community Health Needs Assessments as a Path for Coordinating Community-Wide Health Improvement Efforts Between Hospitals and Local Health Departments
Authors: Carlton Erik L. , Singh Simone Rauscher 
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To examine the association between hospital–local health department (LHD) collaboration around community health needs assessments (CHNAs) and hospital investment in community health. Methods. We combined 2015 National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) Forces of Change, 2013 NACCHO Profile, and 2014–2015 Area Health Resource File data to identify a sample of LHDs (n = 439) across the United States. We included data on hospitals’ community benefit from their 2014 tax filings (Internal Revenue Service Form 990, Schedule H). We used bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to examine LHDs’ involvement in hospitals’ CHNAs and implementation strategies and the relationship with hospital investment in community health. Results. The LHDs that collaborated with hospitals around CHNAs were significantly more likely to be involved in joint implementation planning activities than were those that did not. Importantly, LHD involvement in hospitals’ implementation strategies was associated with greater hospital investment in community health improvement initiatives. Conclusions. Joint CHNAs may improve coordination of community-wide health improvement efforts between hospitals and LHDs and encourage hospital investment in community health improvement activities. Public Health Implications. Policies that strengthen LHD–hospital collaboration around the CHNA may enhance hospital investments in community health.
Disproportionate Sterilization of Latinos Under California’s Eugenic Sterilization Program, 1920–1945
Authors: Novak Nicole L. , Lira Natalie , O’Connor Kate E. , Harlow Siobán D. , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Stern Alexandra Minna 
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To compare population-based sterilization rates between Latinas/os and non-Latinas/os sterilized under California’s eugenics law. Methods. We used data from 17 362 forms recommending institutionalized patients for sterilization between 1920 and 1945. We abstracted patient gender, age, and institution of residence into a data set. We extracted data on institution populations from US Census microdata from 1920, 1930, and 1940 and interpolated between census years. We used Spanish surnames to identify Latinas/os in the absence of data on race/ethnicity. We used Poisson regression with a random effect for each patient’s institution of residence to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and compare sterilization rates between Latinas/os and non-Latinas/os, stratifying on gender and adjusting for differences in age and year of sterilization. Results. Latino men were more likely to be sterilized than were non-Latino men (IRR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15, 1.31), and Latina women experienced an even more disproportionate risk of sterilization relative to non-Latinas (IRR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.48, 1.70). Conclusions. Eugenic sterilization laws were disproportionately applied to Latina/o patients, particularly Latina women and girls. Understanding historical injustices in public health can inform contemporary public health practice.
OPINION OF THE ZAKAH RECIPIENTS ABOUT THE ROLE OF ZAKAH ON THE HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE RURAL BANGLADESH
Authors: Tarique Kazi Md. , Mahmud Kazi Tanvir , Hasan Md. Kamrul 
Published: March 2018

All economically solvent muslims according to the eligibility yardstick of giving zakah, are oblized to pay zakah. Payment of zakah is to distribute a certain part of once wealth among the poor, as per the Islamic philosophy, so that the poor can graduate from poverty utilizing this zakah fund. The prime objective of this study is to assess the opinion of the zakah recipients about the impact of zakah funds on their living- standard in terms of food security. Logit model is used to assess the opinion of the zakah recipients on their food security status. The study found no significant impact of zakah fund on the food security of some selected receipents in the rural areas of Bangladesh.Keywords: Zakah, Food Security, BangladeshJEL Classification: A13, B59, C02, D14, M21, P46
FINANCIAL INSTABILITY HYPOTHESIS (FIH) OF MINSKY: CONTEXTUALIZING THE ROLES OF ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL AND SOCIAL FINANCE
Authors: Suharto Ugi 
Published: March 2018

The main subject of this paper is to discuss some issues in Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) and relate them with Islamic finance position in enhancing the stability of financial system. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive analysis. It describes a particular concept, namely the financial instability hypothesis and then analyses, applies and compares that concept with other concept, i.e. the Islamic finance concept. It is shown in the paper that Islamic finance, both in its commercial and social aspect, can play its role in stabilizing financial system. The significant contribution of the paper is by bringing together the hypothesis of Minsky with Islamic finance theory and practice. It should be stated here, however, that among the limitations of the paper is that the reference on Minsky’s point of view is mostly based on his brief article entitled “The Financial Instability Hypothesis” without referring to his vast writings on various topics directly or indirectly related to his notion of Financial Instability Hypothesis. Keywords: Financial stability, Islamic finance, Financial crisis, Deregulation, Riba, GhararJEL Classification: A12, E44, E58, G18, G21
AR-RAHNU AS A SOURCE OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FOR WOMEN MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Nik Azman Nik Hadiyan , Hj. Kassim Salina 
Published: March 2018

Muslims in Malaysia had practiced ar-rahnu for fulfilling their financial need, especially for emergency purposes since early 1990s. The pioneer of ar-rahnu in Malaysia is Muassasah Gadaian Islam Terengganu (MGIT) in January 1992, followed by the Kelantan Capitalization Berhad (PKB) in March 1992. Both of these Islamic pawn centres are among the earliest exponents to the Islamic pawn scheme in Malaysia. Ar-rahnu is an increasingly popular financing option among micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia, particularly women micro-entrepreneurs. Women micro-entrepreneurs play a vital role in the Malaysian economy and could be considered as the backbone of the industrial development in Malaysia. This study examines the role of ar-rahnu as a source of financial stability for women micro-entrepreneurs. 600 questionnaires were distributed at three states in Malaysia which are Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah. Then, this study used SPSS and SEM Amos to analyses the data for 600 respondents (women micro-entrepreneurs) in Malaysia. In essence, this study finds that shariah compliancy, locality, service charges, collateral and customer satisfaction has positive and significant impact towards the use of ar-rahnu. The study also found use of ar-rahnu has significant impact towards financial self-sufficiency for women micro-entrepreneurs. Keywords: Women, Micro-entrepreneurs, Self - sufficiency, Financial stabilityJEL Classification: G20, G21