bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Endotoxin on Haemostasis in Normal and Leukemic Rats
Authors: Rasche H. , Hoelzer D. 
Published: May 2019

Platelet count, fibrinogen and antithrombin levels were studied in normal rats (group A), in rats with the experimental rat leukemia L 5222 in an early phase (group B) and in a final phase (group C) of the disease. The animals were randomized and treated with o.5 mg endotoxin or placebo as a single i.v.injection. Four hours later blood samples were taken for laboratory tests. The results were as follows: 1. Groups A and B did not differ in the laboratory parameters under investigation 4 hours after injection of saline as a placebo. 2. Leukemic rats of group C treated with saline had significantly elevated levels of fibrinogen and antithromin as well as reduced platelet count compared to their normal counterparts. 3. The injection of endotoxin resulted in a comparable decrease of platelets in normal and leukemic animals. 4. The injection of endotoxin led to a decrease of fibrinogen levels in all groups. The most pronounced decrease was observed in group B, while there was only a slight fall in group C. The antithrombin levels of group A and B were not influenced by endotoxinaemia. The elevated level of antithrombin in group C, however, was completely normalized after a single injection of endotoxin.It can be concluded from these results that the haemostatic system of rats in the early phase of the leukemia L 5222 is more susceptible to endotoxin than that of normal controls. Possibly due to marked elevated levels of antithrombin rats in the final phase of the disease seem to be protected against the aggravation of the haemostatic defect by endotoxin.
‘In Vivo’ and ‘In Vitro’ Effects of Some Vasoactive Drugs on Platelet Function and on Coagulation/Fibrinolysis System
Authors: Dettori A.G. , Ponari O. , Manotti C. , Megha A. , Pini M. 
Published: May 2019

Three substances widely used as vasoactive drugs are known to have an inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation ‘in vitro’. We investigated the changes induced on thrombelastogram, routine clotting tests, euglobulin lysis time (ELT), platelet count, aggregation, and adhesiveness by i, v. administration of these drugs to man. The same indices were also studied ‘in vitro’ by adding comparable concentrations of the substances to human blood or plasma.Aminophilline did not produce any significant variation in ADP-or collagen-induced aggregation either ‘in vitro’ (50 to 200 μg/ml) or ‘in vivo’ (240 mg). A trend to disaggregation was seen only in a few cases. Shorter ELT were found 30 and 120 minutes after injection.A papaverine derivative (Metaverinum, 150 mg) showed a similar ‘in vivo’ pattern: minor changes in platelet function tests and a moderate activation of fibrinolysis were seen. The drug acted ‘in vitro’ as a powerful inhibitor of aggregation (from 30 µg/ml)while fibrinolysis was only activated at the highest concentration (120 µg/ml).Bencyclan, capable of inhibiting platelet function ‘in vitro’ at very low concentrations (0.25µM) did not show similar effects ‘in vivo’ (50 mg) apart from a reduced platelet adhesiveness to glass.
Influence of Imidazole Carboxamide on Platelet Function
Authors: Kubisz P. , Klener P. , Cronberg S. 
Published: May 2019

Imidazol carboxamide (DTIC, NSC-45388) is a cytostatic drug used in the treatment of malignant melanoma under the trade name of DacarbazinR, MSD. Its influence on platelet function, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis was investigated in vitro.At a concentration of 160 µg/ml it inhibited the increase in light transmission induced in platelet-rich plasma by standardized freezing and thawing. It also retarded the retraction of reptilase clots. This therefore indicated a stabilizing effect on the platelets at this dosage.At a concentration of 40 μg/ml the drug did not significantly influence the platelet function in vitro.This concentration corresponds to therapeutic plasma levels. At current dosage of the drug any bleeding tendency due to platelet dysfunction therefore seems unlikely.
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxides and Cyclic 3′-5′-AMP in Platelets of Patients with Hypercoagulability and Shock
Authors: Matthias F.R. 
Published: May 2019

To get more insight in platelet function of patients suffering from insufficiency of the circulation together with intravascular fibrin formation as a sign of a stimulated coagulation system, the following parameters were determined: 1. the prostaglandin-endoperoxide formation of platelets in response to N-ethylmaleimide and collagen measured as malondialdehyde; 2. the c-AMP content of platelets and plasma according to the Gilman method; 3. the stimulating effect of prostaglandin E1 on the platelets adenylate-cyclase activity; 4. the collagen induced platelet aggregation.Platelet aggregation was reduced. The prostaglandin-endoperoxide formation was unchanged or elevatedin comparison to normal donors. Plasma c-AMP was increased, whereas the platelet c-AMP content was unaltered. Adenylate cyclase activity in response to prostaglandin E1 was reduced. Platelet function recovered concomitantly with the improvement of the circulation and the clotting parameters.
Potentiation of Heparin by Dextran and its Clinical Implication
Authors: Atik M. 
Published: May 2019

The different mechanisms underlying the antithrombotic effects of heparin and dextran are known. To document the clinically suspected potentiation effect when the two agents are used together, the following study was undertaken:In 9 patients with peripheral vascular disease, the Ivy bleeding time, the Lee-White clotting time and the platelet adhesiveness by Hellem method, were determined at control periods and at 1 and 3 hours following infusion of various doses of heparin alone. These were repeated on separate days after infusion of 500 ml of dextran in combination with same doses of heparin.While dextran alone had no effect on the clotting time, it produced a marked and statistically significant potentiation of heparin effect (P<0.01). The mean clotting time one hour after infusion of 10,000 u of heparin was increased from 36 min. with dextran to 69 min. with dextran. This effect persisted at 3 hours. The mean clotting time after 5,000 u of heparin with dextran was almost the same as after 10,000 u of heparin with dextran. The potentiation was slight at 2.500 u of heparin. Heparin did not affect platelet adhesiveness. Dextran suppressed it when it was abnormally high, but did not reduce it below the normal value of 41 ± 9%. There was no demonstrable changes in the bleeding time by either dextran or heparin at the dosage given.Our clinical experience and reports of other investigators suggest the desirability of the use of the two drugs in certain circumstances. To be effective and yet safe, it is recommended that whenever heparin is used in patients receiving dextran the dosage should be reduced to a half or a third of the usual.
Increased von Willebrand Factor and Defective Ristocetin-Induced platelet Aggregation in Liver Disease
Authors: Maragall S. , Ordinas A. , Clemente C. , Casals F. , Profitós J. , Castillo R. 
Published: May 2019

Increased concentrations of factor VIII-related antigen(VIIIR:AG), factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII von Willebrand activity (VIIIR:WF) were found in plasma of patients with evidence of advanced hepatic cirrhosis. There was no correlation among the three plasmatic activities of factor VIII complex as opposed to those existing in normal individuals. The mobility of the (VIIIR:AG) as detected by crossed electrophoresis was normal.On the other hand, washed platelets from those patients showed a defective Ristocetin-induced aggregation with normal platelet poor plasma (PPP). The platelet (VIIIR:AG) was quantitatively and qualitatively normal.
Discocyte-Echinocyte Transformation in Human Platelets: Geometries of Echinocytes Prepared with Osmotic Stress and Aggregating Agents
Authors: Milton John G. , Frojmovic M.M. 
Published: May 2019

Many agents cause platelets in the disc-form (discocytes) to change into spherical forms from which many pseudopods project (echinocytes). It is not known whether echinocytes prepared with different stimuli are the same. Here we investigate the geometries of echinocytes prepared with aggregating agents and osmotic stress. Geometric parameters were estimated from a cinematographic analysis of freely-rotating platelets in citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under a phase contrast microscope. Echinocytes were prepared by the addition of adenosine diphosphate, thrombin or 35-50% by volume of distilled water to PRP. Under conditions of osmotic stress, 75-90% of the discocytes convert to echinocytes within five minutes followed by a slow reversion to discocytes complete within 1 - 2 hours. Main body diameters for the echinocytes, excluding consideration of the pseudopods, were in all cases 2.1 ± 0.4 um. Comparisons of the mean volume and mean surface area of the main body of the echinocyte with that of the original discocyte show that in each case echinocyte formation is accompanied by: 1) ~15% reduction in main body platelet volume, and 2) ~25% decrease in main body platelet surface area.These results indicate that the main body geometries of echinocytes are essentially independent of the stimuli used and suggest a common pathway for echinocyte formation with

of the original discocyte surface area available for pseudopod formation.
Generation of Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP’s) by Neutral Proteases from Human Granulocytes and their Importance for the Blood Clotting System
Authors: Gramse M. , Bingenheimer Ch. , Egbring R. , Havemann K. 
Published: May 2019

The effect of neutral proteases from human granulocytes (elastase-like and chymotrypsin-like protease) on purified human fibrinogen was investigated. Detectable by two-dimensional and Polyacrylamide electrophoresis, dependence of fibrinogen degradation of enzyme concentration and incubation time was found. Molecular weight of the FDP’s was estimated by gelchromatografy. Some greater FDP’s showed the antigenic determinants of fibrinogen and of the split products D and E. High molecular weight FDP’s inhibited fibrinogen clotting. Generated at high enzyme concentrations and longer incubation times, FDP’s lost their ability to clot themselves and to interfere with fibrin polymerization.As these fibrinogen degradating enzymes are released by the influence of antigen-antibody-complexes and endotoxine, it can be assumed that clotting defects in patients with acute leukemia, septicemia a. o. are caused by the effects of the proteases on fibrinogen and the accumulation of FDP’s.
Surreptitious Warfarin Ingestion in three Nurses with Co-Existing Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Hayne O.A. , Sherman L.A. , Gaston L.W. , Fraser E. 
Published: May 2019

We describe the clinical course and coagulation data of three patients surrepetitiously ingesting Warfarin. AH three patients, however, had coexisting conditions and screening coagulation tests which were initially felt to be responsible for the hemorrhagic state. All three patients were young nurses with ready access to Warfarin.The first patient with previously documented systemic lupus erythematosis presented with hematuria and soft tissue bleeding and on the basis of screening coagulation tests was felt to have a lupus type anticoagulant.The second nurse had disseminated intravascular coagulation and the third nurse had congenital factor V deficiency. All patients, however, had a severe depression in Vitamin K dependant coagulation factors and high levels of Warfarin were detected in the plasma of all patients. The co-existence of a disorder capable of producing hemorrhage and occult Warfarin ingestion has not been previously reported and presents a clinical diagnostic challenge.
Studies on the Effects of Smoking on Vmous Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Pollock Andrew , Lewis M.J. , Mistry D.K. 
Published: May 2019

It has been suggested that smoking protects against the development of deep vein thrombosis following myocardial infarction, although large studies on the effects of smoking have generally failed to show any association with venous thromboembolic disease.In a preliminary survey of patients attending an anticoagulant clinic, fewer male smokers, and more female smokers than expected, were attending after a deep vein thrombosis. Further analysis of these results, suggested that they were due, at least in part, to factors other than smoking, and a larger study was undertaken to compare the incidence of smoking in patients who had had a deep vein thrombosis, with that in the hospital outpatient population as a whole. No differences in smoking habits were found “between these groups, but small differences were observed between various groups of patients with venous thromboembolism, e.g. myocardial infarction was listed as a predisposing cause, more often than expected in male non-smokers.Thus, while smoking may effect the development of deep vein thrombosis in particular situations, e.g. after myocardial infarction, this study has failed to show any significant influence on venous thrombosis in general.
Change on Blood Coagulation, Platelet Function and Fibrinolysis in Diabetes Mellitus - Preliminary Report
Authors: Giustolisi R. , Musso R. , Lombardo T. , Russoand M. , Cacciola E. 
Published: May 2019

Some coagulation aspects are studied in diabetes mellitus because this dismetabo-lic disease represents a “high risk factor” of predisposition leading to classical lesions of the vascular wall and thrombosis. Were studied 24 diabetic patients between 16 and 68 years old and 14 healthy subjects. Tests performed are followed: partial thromboplastyn time(PTT), plasma coagulation time RVV(RVV-T), antithrombin III(At-III), alpha2macroglobulin(a2M), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products(FDP), ethanol gelation(EG) and protamine sulphate(PS), euglobulin lysis time(ELT), platelet adhesiveness to glass(PAG), platelet adhesiveness in vivo (PAV), platelet factor-3 availability(PF-3), platelet aggregation by ristocetin 1, 2-1, 5-1, 8 mg/ml(RIPA),Diabetics showed a fall in At-III, increase a2M, a significant decrease ELT and increase FDP with often positivity EG. We also noted a shortening of PTT, PF-3 rate and RVV-T. In vitro platelets adhesiveness rises more than it does in vivo. Besides the PPP from diabetics increased the control subjects PAG. The RIPA is increased. Our findings showed, therefore, in diabetic patients a thrombophilic pattern by blood hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic activity decreased.
Qualitative Platelet Abnormality due to Absence of Adp-Adrenal I Ne-Induced Release Reaction
Authors: Ciavarella N. , Mitrio V. De , Coviello M. , Scaraggi A. , Schiavoni M. 
Published: May 2019

We present a 14 y. old male patient with a history of bleeding tendency characterized by frequent epistaxis and easy bruising. The template Ivy bleeding time was prolonged (>15′, 15′, 12′). Platelet (P.) retention was reduced (0%, 15% 20%). P. aggregation induced by collagen was normal but second-phase aggregation induced by ADP and Adrenaline (ADR) was absent. Ristocetin-induced aggregation was normal. Platelet ATP, ADP and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) content were normal.C-5HT uptake was also normal. When incubation of PRP withC-5HT was continued up to 5hr,radioactivity was retained within the P. as in controls.C-5HT release was normal when induced by collagen but strongly reduced by ADP and ADR. Ma Iondia Idehyde production by P. during secondary aggregation was normal. These data are sufficient to rule out a Storage-poo I-disease or an ASA-1 ike-syndrome. Moreover the mother and the brother of the patient have also a mild hemorrhagic diathesis and some similar laboratory abnormalities. This rare condition is op-posite of a P. abnormality characterized by inability of P. to respond to collagen, reported by Hirsh et al., Papayannis et al. and Mielke et a I.. This may give a new insightinto the phisiology of P. aggregation.
Determination of Sh-Groups of the Platelet Membrane
Authors: Stoltz J.F. , Nicolas A. 
Published: May 2019

The authors have determind the SH group (P-SH) of the platelet membrane using four different methods (spectrometric dosage, radio isotopic count, atomic absorptoon and liquid phase, electrophoresis).This work was supported by DRME (grant 76.34.146.00.480.75.01)
Inhibition of the Platelet Release Reaction in Vivo by Sulphinpyrazone and Metabolites
Authors: White A.M. , Butler K.D. 
Published: May 2019

One of the earliest responses in the Arthus reaction to the injection of antigen is a transient thrombocytopenia which reaches a maximum in 15-30 min. This response is apparently associated with the platelet release reaction since it is inhibited by sulphinpyrazone, aspirin, phenylbutazone and indo-methacin but not dipyridamole or heparin. It has now been shown that two human metabolites of sulphinpyrazone namely p-hydroxysulphinpyrazone and the sulphone of sulphinpyrazone are equipotent with the parent molecule in inhibiting the thrombocytopenia and by inference the platelet release reaction.The relative potencies of drugs measured in this way differ markedly from their relative potencies towards collagen aggregation ex vivo. Thus sulphinpyrazone(50 mg/kg) given 1 h before challenge inhibits the thrombocytopenia by 79% but not collagen aggregation ex. vivo. Aspirin(10 mg/kg) showed about the same potency in vivo and ex vivo with 47% and 50% inhibition, respectively. Phenylbutazone was less active in vivo than ex vivo. These results again serve to demonstrate the effect of anti-coagulants, particularly citrate, on platelet reactivity towards drugs and emphasize the need for sound in vivo methods.
Conditions Contributing to the Stability of Factor VIII Coagulant Activity
Authors: Exner T. , Rickard K.A. , Kronenberg H. 
Published: May 2019

Factor VTII tends to become less stable the greater its degree of purification. The loss of factor VIII during preparation of high activity concentrates makes such processes uneconomical. Conditions contributing to the stability of factor VIII were investigated.High purity factor VIII was incubated with plasma components fractionated by gel filtration and by anion exchange chromatography. Factor VIII activity was assessed initially and after several hours incubation. Several fractions destroying factor VIII activity were clearly resolved. Fractions stabilizing factor VIII were associated only with albumin.Various buffer systems were investigated similarly. A non-chelating buffer system containing albumin was found to give optimal factor VIII stability.
Particulate Material in Factor VIII Concentrates
Authors: Eyster M. Elaine , Nau Martin E. 
Published: May 2019

Particulate material in Factor VIII concentrates might be associated with reactions such as dizziness, visual disturbances and dyspnea following infusions.Factor VIII concentrates from three different manufacturers were reconstituted and passed through an Ultrapore blood transfusion filter.(Pall Corporation, Biomedical Products Division, Glen Cove, L. I.). The screen was removed, fixed in glutaraldehyde, dehydrated, critical point dried in CO2, plated with gold paladium and examined in an AMR 900 scanning electron microscope. Photomicrographs at 200 to 2,000 × magnification revealed a large amount of non-cellular debris adherent to the screen which retained particles of greater than 40 μ. When this material which was partially soluble in citrate saline phosphate buffer pH 6.0 was eluted and tested by immunodiffusion using antisera to whole human sera, IgG and fibrinogen, two precipitin bands were apparent.It is concluded that Factor VIII concentrates contain non-cellular particulate material which is retained by a 40 μ screen filter and which may be composed in part of fibrinoprotein. The clinical significance of this material is uncertain.
Convenient Microtiter assay for von Willebrand’s Factor
Authors: Weksler B.B. , Cheng T. , Ley C. 
Published: May 2019

A simple method for measurement of von Willebrand’s factor (VWF) suitable for the clinical coagulation laboratory would substantially aid in the differential diagnosis of bleeding disorders We have developed a simple macroscopic titration assay of plasma VWF using the Ristocetin induced aggregation of washed, fixed normal platelets. The assay employs arithmetic dilutions of test plasma in buffer, Ristocetin and washed, fixed platelets in a final volume of 0.4 ml per well. After 20 minutes’ agitation on a rotary shaker at room temperature, an endpoint of visible aggregation can be determined. Fifty normal plasmas tested had a mean titer of 1/500 (range 1/240 to 1/853) whereas 8 plasmas from patients with known von Willebrand’s disease (VWD) had a mean titer of 1/21 (range 1/10 to 1/186). Deviation from the normal range correlated with the severity of the VWD. Reproducibility of results was within ±10%.Platelets washed before fixation with paraformaldehyde (method modified from Allain et al, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 85:318, 1975) appear almost twice as sensitive to VWF in this assay as those fixed in platelet rich plasma and washed subsequently. Fresh and frozen plasmas give equivalent results, permitting storage of specimens. This microtiter assay thus offers a sensitive measure of VWF Ristocetin cofactor activity, utilizes stable and standardizable reagents, requires only small amounts of patient plasma (or other biological materials) and permits rapid testing of different specimens simultaneously.
Sinoviorthesis with AU-198 in 25 Cases of Hemophilic Arthropathy
Authors: Martin-Villar J. , Ortega F. , Magall M. , Gago J. 
Published: May 2019

Sinoviorthesis with radioactive gold has been carried out on 25 joints of hemophilic patients with the object of evaluating the clinical results (lessening of the frequency of hemorrhagic accidents, functional improvement, etc.) in the joints treated.Only Grade II and III joints (Palmer-Cotler) were injected. The doses of Au-198 injected varied according to patient’s age and joint. Adultes 9 knees with 4 mC, 5 elbows with 5 mC. 1 ankle with 2 mC. Childrent 7 knees with 5 mC, 2 ankles with 2 mC, 1 elbow with 2 mC. Recurrent hemarthrosis was the only criterion for treatment. These joints were re-evaluated after a period of no less than 6 months and no more than 16 months. The criteria for evaluation of results weret No Improvement (Nl); Slight Improvement (Si), by subjeotive appreciation; Good (G), with improvement in clinical signs and symptoms and lessening of hemarthrosis frequency; Very Good (VG), with good articular function, no sinovial hypertrophy, no new hemarthrosis and stable radiographic image. Results obtained were s Adultes VG 14%; G 5J%; SI 14%; NI 20%. Children s TG 50%; G 20%; SI 10%; NI 40%.In conclusion, we believe that this therapy should be considered for the treatment of hemophilic arthropathy.