bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell therapy in orthopaedics
Authors: Rodeo S. A. 
Published: March 2019

Stem cells are defined by their potential for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into numerous cell types, including cartilage and bone cells. Although basic laboratory studies demonstrate that cell therapies have strong potential for improvement in tissue healing and regeneration, there is little evidence in the scientific literature for many of the available cell formulations that are currently offered to patients. Numerous commercial entities and ‘regenerative medicine centres’ have aggressively marketed unproven cell therapies for a wide range of medical conditions, leading to sometimes indiscriminate use of these treatments, which has added to the confusion and unpredictable outcomes. The significant variability and heterogeneity in cell formulations between different individuals makes it difficult to draw conclusions about efficacy. The ‘minimally manipulated’ preparations derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue that are currently used differ substantially from cells that are processed and prepared under defined laboratory protocols. The term ‘stem cells’ should be reserved for laboratory-purified, culture-expanded cells. The number of cells in uncultured preparations that meet these defined criteria is estimated to be approximately one in 10 000 to 20 000 (0.005% to 0.01%) in native bone marrow and 1 in 2000 in adipose tissue. It is clear that more refined definitions of stem cells are required, as the lumping together of widely diverse progenitor cell types under the umbrella term ‘mesenchymal stem cells’ has created confusion among scientists, clinicians, regulators, and our patients. Validated methods need to be developed to measure and characterize the ‘critical quality attributes’ and biological activity of a specific cell formulation. It is certain that ‘one size does not fit all’ – different cell formulations, dosing schedules, and culturing parameters will likely be required based on the tissue being treated and the desired biological target. As an alternative to the use of exogenous cells, in the future we may be able to stimulate the intrinsic vascular stem cell niche that is known to exist in many tissues. The tremendous potential of cell therapy will only be realized with further basic, translational, and clinical research. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:361–364.
Ecology of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium: Specific leaf area and habitat characteristics
Authors: JUNAEDI DECKY INDRAWAN 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Junaedi DI, Nurlaeni Y. 2019. Ecology of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium: Specific leaf area and habitat characteristics. Biodiversitas 20: 732-737. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is an important species in North Sumatra, Indonesia either from conservation, economy, or socio-cultural point of views. Z. acanthopodium is known as plant species difficult to cultivate and its natural distribution in Indonesia is restricted to Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aims to identify the modest characteristics of Z. acanthopodium’s habitat in natural and cultivated areas and to assess the importance of light in these two habitat types in North Sumatra. We surveyed four districts in North Sumatra and used specific leaf area (SLA) as proxy for the importance of light in Z. acanthopodium habitat. We found that the species grow naturally in high slope areas and not in a plain area. Similarly, in cultivated areas, this species grows well in sloped area with minimum inundated surface run-off water. Z. acanthopodium with higher SLA values occurs in natural habitat and high slope areas while those with smaller SLA are found in cultivated areas and low slope although the difference is statistically not significant. This study indicates the importance of light and surface run-off for suitable habitat of Z. acanthopodium. Further studies are needed to examine the quality, intensity, and frequency of light to support Z. acanthopodium growth; and to examine the role of landscape inclination and their position relative to sun exposure (i.e. aspect) for its survival and growth rate.
Population and distribution of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica F. Cuvier, 1823) in designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUSTIKASARI IRINA A , WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , MEGANTARA ERRI N , HUSODO TEGUH , PARIKESIT PARIKESIT 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Mustikasari IA, Withaningsih S, Megantara EN, Husodo T, Parikesit. 2019. Population and distribution of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica F. Cuvier, 1823) at designated area of Cisokan Hydropower, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 762-769. One of the endemic species of Indonesia is the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Sunda porcupine is a big rodent which has unique defense mechanism behavior using its quills. This research was conducted in the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower (PLTA Cisokan), in West Java, Indonesia. The method in this study is qualitative to determine the total population and distribution. Data collection techniques were carried out by sign surveys (burrow, footprints, quills, food sites, and feces), camera traps, and semi-structured interviews. The result shows the number of porcupine populations in the designated area of Cisokan Hydropower is 6-29 individuals. Porcupine population is distributed in five regions, namely the first region consisting of Pasir Gagak, Cigintung, Batu Sahulu and Batu Nunggul; the second region is Batu Tumpeng and Batu Wulung; the third region is Curug Japarana; the fourth region consists of Sarongge and Cadas Gantung; and the fifth region is Pongpok. Based on the type of land cover, the porcupine population is commonly found in the types of shrub/huma /ladang, talun, and natural forests.
Diversity of aquatic macrophytes in Balili River, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines as potential phytoremediators
Authors: NAPALDET JONES T , BUOT INOCENCIO  JR. E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Napaldet JT, Buot JR IE. 2019. Diversity of aquatic macrophytes in Balili River, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines as potential phytoremediators. Biodiversitas 20: 1048-1054. Phytoremediation, an emerging, low-cost, aesthetically pleasing technology, is now being eyed for restoration of Balili River, Philippines. But first, there is a need to identify plants ideal for its phytoremediation. Macrophytes in the main stream, Bolo Creek and Mamaga Creek of Balili River were inventoried in this study with focus on determining macrophytes that were local, dominant (=fast growing), have high biomass and deep root systems – traits ideal for phytoremediation. A total of 38 species of macrophytes under 37 genera and 19 families were inventoried. This number is much higher than the previous inventory which recorded only 9 species. Consequently, diversity indices recorded in this study is much higher. The difference could be attributed to the time of sampling wherein the previous inventory was done in July, a rainy month, in contrast with this in April, the summer month at which the river is at its lowest level. At this period, much of the littoral zone is exposed for colonization of plants known to be easily dispersed and germinate such as Asteraceae species. In terms of species richness, family Asteraceae was the most represented with 11 species but in terms of dominance, the story was different. Dominant macrophytes of Balili River were species of family Poaceae (Pennisetum purpureum, Eleusine indica and Cynodon dactylon), Amaranthaceae (Amaranthus spinosus and Alternanthera sessilis), Solanaceae (Solanum americanum) and Commelinaceae (Commelina diffusa). Local macrophytes with potential for phytoremediation were P. purpureum, E. indica, A. spinosus and S. americanum.
Short Communication: Growth patterns of Shorea leprosula and Dryobalanops lanceolata in Borneo’s forest managed with Selective Cutting with Line Replanting System
Authors: TIRKAAMIANA MOHAMAD TAUFAN , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT , KAMARUBAYANA LEGOWO 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Tirkaamiana MT, Partasasmita R. Kamarubayana L. 2019. Growth patterns of Shorea leprosula and Dryobalanops lanceolata in Borneo’s forest managed with Selective Cutting with Line Replanting System. Biodiversitas 20: 1160-1165. Dryobalanops lanceolata is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae, which indigenous of Borneo. It is found in at least five protected areas (Kabilli-Sepilok Forest Reserve, Danum Valley Conservation Area, Ulu Temburong, Lambir, and Gunung Mulu National Parks), but is threatened elsewhere due to habitat loss. The demand for its timber is very high, so it requires conservation efforts while at the same time maintaining its productivity to meet the timber demand. One of the efforts to increase productivity of production forest in Indonesia is implementing Selective Logging with Line Replanting System (TPTJ). In this system superior species are planted in the planting lines. This study aimed to determine the growth of Shorea leprosula and Dryobalanops lanceolata planted in different planting line widths. Data of diameter increment of S. leprosula and D. lanceolata were obtained by observing 4 permanent sample plots (PUP) at concession areas of PT Balikpapan Forest Industries in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results showed that the average diameter increment of S. leprosula and D. lanceolata at the planting line width of 3 meters was 1.47cm/yr and 0.74 cm/yr respectively, and at the planting line width of 6 meters was 2.08 cm/yr and 1.14 cm/yr respectively. The differences in planting line width had very significant effect on the growth and diameter increment of S. leprosula, presumably due to the increase of light intensity to optimal level which accelerates stomata opening and transpiration rate, thus affecting the rate of photosynthesis.
Interdisciplinary approach for simulation of starting points for optical and architectural design
Authors: Livshits Irina L. , Glebovskyi Alexander S. , Protsuto Marina V. , Volkova Svetlana L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Modern science becomes more complex day after day. Besides, there appeared many unpredictable links between different subjects, which we never expected to be connected. This is called ‘interdisciplinary’ science. For example, just occasionally we found common points in the simulation of the starting input for optical and architectural design, and moreover, we discovered a lot of similar procedures in both of them. Basing on the analysis of these two fields of knowledge, as well as using optical expert and architectural expert evaluations, we propose an approach to build a heuristic algorithm for computer aided design in these two fields. Later, we expect that it grows into a set of expert systems under the roof of artificial intelligence. We see in the near future a prospective of using new technology in design–building information modeling, which could be expanded from architectural design to optical design, etc. Besides, this is our first experience in this field. We consider that it is possible to widen it further to other subjects. The main ideas of this approach are presented.
Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
Authors: Kurek Tomasz , Todys Jacek , Pazdrowski Witold , Szymański Marek , Łukowski Adrian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe choice of particular trees for stripping by deer is puzzling because a preference is observed for trees of the highest social class. Trees ranked highest in the stand can produce more carbohydrates as a product of carbon assimilation. Among the many important nutrient and defense groups of metabolites in plants, high sugar content is postulated to be an attractant due to its impact on the sense of taste of different herbivores. Thus, we hypothesize that the carbohydrate content in the bast of the European beech is the most important factor by which deer make their choice. Our aim was to assess whether the sugar content in the bark and in the bast can be a factor which influences the intensity of bark stripping of particular trees in a beech thicket by red deer. A single episode connected with tree damaging pertained to 7% of the trees on the analyzed sampling plots. In total, 27% of the trees were damaged, including old damages. The mean size of damage to a given tree equaled 36% of the tree’s circumference and 0.06 m2 of the trunk’s surface. Analysis of the sugar content in the bast and in the bark jointly indicates that the trees subjected to bark stripping possessed a distinctly higher sugar content than the trees which were not damaged. The probability of bark stripping grows together with an increase in the sugar content of the bark and of the bast.
Influence of monometallic and bimetallic phytonanoparticles on physiological status of mezquite
Authors: Gonzalez-Mendoza Daniel , Valdez-Salas Benjamín , Bernardo-Mazariegos Erick , Tzintzun-Camacho Olivia , Gutiérrez-Miceli Federico , Ruíz-Valdiviezo Víctor , Rodríguez-Hernández Ludwi , Sanchez-Viveros Gabriela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) from Justicia spicigera on the photochemical efficiency and phenol pattern of Prosopis glandulosa. In this study, the existence of localized surface plasmon resonance absorption associated with the nano-sized nature of Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag particles was confirmed by the presence of a single peak around 487, 585, and 487/580 nm respectively. Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility were found to be 0.2 mV and 0.02 μmcm/(Vs) for synthesized NPs indicating less stability and thus tendency to agglomerate, and broad distribution of particles. Cu-NPs and Cu/Ag-NPs demonstrate that the dispersed phase is stable and has a minimum particle size at zeta potentials above –30 mV. Changes in phenolic compounds, total chlorophyll, and photochemical efficiency in leaves exposed to Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag phyto-nanoparticles were evaluated up to 72 hours. The results revealed that Ag-NP and Cu-NP from J. spicigera at 100 mg/L showed significant reduction in chlorophyll, epidermal polyphenol content and photochemical efficiency of P. glandulosa. In contrast, the application of bimetallic Cu/Ag-NP from J. spicigera showed a positive impact on physiological parameters of P. glandulosa after 72 h of exposure.
Edge Patch-Wise Local Projection Stabilized Nonconforming FEM for the Oseen Problem
Authors: Biswas Rahul , Dond Asha K. , Gudi Thirupathi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In finite element approximation of the Oseen problem, one needs to handle two major difficulties, namely, the lack of stability due to convection dominance and the incompatibility between the approximating finite element spaces for the velocity and the pressure. These difficulties are addressed in this article by using an edge patch-wise local projection (EPLP) stabilization technique. The article analyses the EPLP stabilized nonconforming finite element methods for the Oseen problem. For approximating the velocity, the lowest-order Crouzeix–Raviart (CR) nonconforming finite element space is considered; whereas for approximating the pressure, two discrete spaces are considered, namely, the piecewise constant polynomial space and the lowest-order CR finite element space. The proposed discrete weak formulation is a combination of the standard Galerkin method, EPLP stabilization and weakly imposed boundary condition by using Nitsche’s technique. The resulting bilinear form satisfies an inf-sup condition with respect to EPLP norm, which leads to the well-posedness of the discrete problem. A priori error analysis assures the optimal order of convergence in both the cases, that is, order one in the case of piecewise constant approximation and

3
2

\frac{3}{2}

in the case of CR-finite element approximation for pressure. The numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical findings.
Social Kinds, Reference, and Meta-Ontological Revisionism
Authors: Xhignesse Michel-Antoine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Julian Dodd has characterized the default position in metaphysics as meta-ontologically realist: the answers to first-order ontological questions are thought to be entirely independent of the things we say and think about the entities at issue. Consequently, folk ontologies are liable to substantial error. But while this epistemic humility is commendable where the ontology of natural kinds is concerned, it seems misplaced with respect to social kinds since their ontology is dependent upon the human social world. Using art and art-kinds as paradigmatic examples of social kinds, I argue that meta-ontological realism sets conditions that are too strict to apply to social kinds. Nevertheless, I argue that we should not be too quick to embrace the conclusion that our folk theories of social kinds cannot err substantially. By modelling the reference of social kind-terms on that of natural kind-terms, it becomes clear that in both cases, our sole epistemic privilege lies in our ability to pinpoint the subject of our inquiries.
Bringing Fiscal Sponsor Activity to Light
Authors: Andersson Fredrik O. , Neely Daniel G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe explore the extent to which nonprofits engaging as fiscal sponsors publicly disclose their fiscal sponsor activities. Fiscal sponsors can play an important role in the nonprofit sector by providing capacity support that is often lacking. However, the option to employ a fiscal sponsor is often not well known to smaller entities that would be in the best position to take advantage of the administrative efficiency provided by fiscal sponsors. In reviewing the publicly disclosed information of 74 fiscal sponsors we find that the majority of fiscal sponsors do not disclosure their fiscal sponsorship activity on the Form 990 nor on their website. In order to enhance the sector’s understanding of the important role fiscal sponsors play, and ensure fiscal sponsors are held accountable for their fiscal sponsorship activity, we recommend enhanced disclosures of fiscal sponsorship.
Alkoholos májbetegség: a genetikai-epigenetikai tényezők szerepe és az absztinencia hatása
Authors: Pár Alajos , Pár Gabriella 
Published: March 2019

Abstract: The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease depends not only on the toxic effects of alcohol, but also on the complex interaction of host’s and environmental factors. Thus, the genetic pre-disposition, co-morbidities and behavioral factors all play a role in the individual variations in the disease outcomes. On the other hand, the essential part of the therapeutic strategy is the complete withdrawal of the harmful etiological agent. The present paper is devoted to overview the genetics, the environmental factors and the effects of abstinence in alcoholic liver disease. Genetic variants in two enzymes involved in the metabolism of ethanol, alcohol-dehydrogenase ADH1B *2 and aldehyde-dehydrogenase ALDH2 *2 through increasing the blood level of acetaldehyde, may play a “protective” role against alcoholism. The P450 CYP2E1 *5 c2, an inducible microsomal oxidase, upregulated by ethanol and by formation of acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species, increases liver toxicity. Three novel gene polymorphisms – such as the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3 I148M C>G), the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2 E167K), and the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MB0AT7 rs641738 C>T) – have been proven as risk factors of steatosis, fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Alcohol-induced epigenetic effects, reversible but inheritable gene expression alterations – as histon modulations, DNA methylation and micro-RNA-s – are of importance in the pathogenesis as well, and in the future, they may serve as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Women are at greater risk of developing alcoholic cirrhosis, furthermore, malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, smoking, and hepatitis virus infections are also risk factors. Alcoholic liver disease should be regarded as a preventable disease. Several clinical studies revealed that abstinence may result in the regression of steatohepatitis and fibrosis, compensation of cirrhosis, improving disease outcome and increasing survival even in patients with advanced stages. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary interventions are highly required to achieve long-term abstinence and to prevent alcoholic cirrhosis. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(14): 524–532.
Cornealis elváltozások Wilson-kórban
Authors: Sohajda Zoltán , Hódos Márta , Módis László 
Published: March 2019

Abstract: Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive hereditary metabolic disease with a pathological accumulation of copper in tissues. This study presents the case of a family, where two females and one male from among six siblings had this disease. While in the case of the two women only the liver was affected, the young man presented with both psychiatric and ophthalmic disorders. Modern examination methods (anterior segment optical coherence tomography, corneal topography, endothelial specular microscopy) were used to gather data on the corneal disorder that manifested with the classic Kayser–Fleischer ring. We underline the importance of ophthalmological checkup which may help to diagnose this disease. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(14): 555–557.