bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance study on the evaporation and pressure drop of low‐temperature refrigerant blends in porous media
Authors: Tarawneh Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn experimental investigation on the performance of different low‐temperature refrigerant blends is presented in this work. Five different low‐temperature refrigerant blends are put on display to replace the R22 refrigerant, which has a high ozone depletion potential. These five blends are R404A, R407C, R410A, R417A, and R422A. Different performance studies have been performed on these alternative refrigerants to replace R22. A comparative experimental performance study is performed during the evaporation of these refrigerant blends in porous media. A porous metallic heat transfer medium is used with different porosities (40%, 43%, and 45%) in the evaporator during the test experiments. The evaporator superheat and the condenser subcool are maintained constant throughout the experiments at 8°C (±0.5°C) and 6°C (±0.5°C), respectively. The condensing temperature is kept constant at 38.5°C, and the mean evaporating temperatures were selected to be from −33 to −18°C. The effect of the above‐mentioned given operating conditions on the compressor discharge temperature, evaporation pressure drop, evaporation capacity, and coefficient of performance of these five low‐temperature refrigerant blends has been analyzed for different porosities. This experimental study showed that the refrigerant R422A can give a similar or greater performance to R22 and R404A with a global warming effect and zero ozone depleting potential.
Estimation of streamflow recession parameters: New insights from an analytic streamflow distribution model
Authors: Santos Ana Clara , Portela Maria Manuela , Rinaldo Andrea , Schaefli Bettina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStreamflow recession analysis characterizes the storage‐outflow relationship in catchments. This relationship, which typically follows a power law, summarizes all catchment‐scale subsurface hydrological processes and has long been known to be a key descriptor of the hydrologic response. In this paper, we tested a range of common recession analysis methods (RAMs) and propose the use of an analytic streamflow distribution model as an alternative method for recession parameter estimation and to objectively compare different RAMs. The used analytical model assumes power law recessions, in combination with a stochastic process for streamflow triggering rainfall events. This streamflow distribution model is used in the present framework to establish reference values for the recession parameters via maximum likelihood estimation. The model‐based method has two main advantages: (a) joint estimation of both power law recession parameters (coefficient and exponent), which are known to be strongly correlated, and (b) parameter estimation based on all available streamflow data (no recession selection). The approach is applied to five rainfall‐dominated catchments in Switzerland with 40 years of continuous streamflow observations. The results show that the estimated recession parameters are highly dependent on methodological choices and that some RAMs lead to biased estimates. The recession selection method is shown to be of prime importance for a reliable description of catchment‐scale recession behaviour, in particular in presence of short streamflow records. The newly proposed model‐based RAM yields robust results, which supports the further development of this method for comparative hydrology and opens new perspectives for understanding the recession behaviour of catchments.
Assessing qualitative similarities between financial reporting frameworks using visualization and rules: COREP vs. pillar 3
Authors: Yang Wenmei , Koshiyama Adriano S. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryFinancial institutions are struggling with larger volume, more specific and greater frequency of regulatory reporting after the global financial crisis in 2008, especially those that need to report to multiple jurisdictions. To help to improve reporting efficiency, this paper aims to assess the existence of similarities between templates related to credit and counter party credit risk of COREP and Pillar 3 regulatory reporting frameworks by applying Correspondence Analysis and Association Rules Mining. Our results suggest a high degree of overlap between these reporting frameworks, more prominently the three business functions as Front office, Finance and Risk. These patterns can be used as guidance for financial institutions to reshape their reporting architecture.
IGFBP7 contributes to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of HPAEpiC cells in response to radiation
Authors: Zhong Yazhen , Lin Zechen , Lin Xianlei , Lu Jinhua , Wang Nan , Huang Siyu , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhu Yuan , Shen Yiwei , Jiang Jing , Lin Shengyou 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRadiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) frequently occurs in patients with thoracic malignancies. In response to radiation, alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) undergo epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and contribute to the pathogenesis of RILI. Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is reported as a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) pathway, which plays a crucial role in radiation‐induced EMT. In the present study, the levels of IGFBP7 and TGF‐β1 were simultaneously increased in experimental RILI models and radiation‐treated AEC (human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells [HPAEpic]). The expression of IGFBP7 in radiation‐treated HPAEpic cells was obviously inhibited by the specific inhibitor of TGF‐β receptor antagonist SB431542 and TGF‐β1 neutralizing antibody, and time‐dependently enhanced by TGF‐β1 treatment. Moreover, IGFBP7 knockdown significantly attenuated the effects of radiation on morphology change, cell migration, expression of EMT‐related markers (E‐cadherin, α‐SMA, and Vimentin), and phosphorylation of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). The effects of IGFBP7 overexpression on the expression of EMT‐related markers were partially reversed by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. In conclusion, IGFBP7, was enhanced by TGF‐β1, may be involved in radiation‐induced EMT of AEC via the ERK signaling pathway, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of RILI.
Predicting unintentional weight loss in patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Yoon Saunjoo L. , Kim Jung A , Kelly Debra Lynch , Lyon Debra , George Thomas J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundUnintentional weight loss is a major problem for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers because it affects treatment, survival outcomes, and quality of life. To date, little is known about the trajectory of weight loss and the relationship between baseline body mass index (BMI), location of the cancer, and outcomes. The aims of this study were to investigate patterns of weight loss over time in patients with GI cancer according to BMI groups (low, normal, and high) and location of cancer.MethodsWe examined de‐identified electronic medical record data of 801 adults (>21 years) with GI cancer using ICD‐9 codes (150–159). Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to examine unintentional weight loss over time by BMI group (low, normal, and high) and to determine the effect of primary cancer site and patient characteristics on weight loss.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 66.5 ± 11.9 years (21–95 years), with 58% male and 86% White. Mean weight loss over 3 years was 21.39 kg. At the first observation point, 7.8% were in the low BMI group, 30.1% were in the normal, and 62% were in the high group. At the end of observation, a majority of deaths (35.5%) occurred in the low BMI group (BMI < 20 kg/m2). Significant weight loss was observed in patients with gastric (t = −5.11, P < 0.001), oesophageal (t = −4.18, P < 0.001), and pancreatic (35.8%, t = −3.58, P < 0.001) cancers. Predictors of weight change were gender (F = 64.93, P < 0.001), cancer stage (F = 7.28, P < 0.001), and site by days (F = 8.24, P < 0.001). Weight loss rates were similar among the three BMI groups, but patterns were different based on primary cancer type as a function of days within each group.ConclusionsWeight loss in patients with GI cancers has implications for survival. Patients with upper GI cancers experienced more weight loss and decreased survival rates compared with patients with lower GI cancers. Patients with a combination of upper GI cancer (oesophagogastric or pancreatic) and low baseline BMI had the fewest survival days and worst patient outcomes. Early intervention for weight management plays a critical role for improving the health outcomes and fatality rates of these patients.
A constitutive knockout of murine carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 results in death with marked hyperglutaminemia and hyperammonemia
Authors: Khoja Suhail , Nitzahn Matthew , Truong Brian , Lambert Jenna , Willis Brandon , Allegri Gabriella , Rüfenacht Véronique , Häberle Johannes , Lipshutz Gerald S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1; EC 6.3.4.16) forms carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, ammonia, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is activated allosterically by N‐acetylglutamate. The neonatal presentation of bi‐allelic mutations of CPS1 results in hyperammonemia with reduced citrulline and is reported as the most challenging nitrogen metabolism disorder to treat. As therapeutic interventions are limited, patients often develop neurological injury or die from hyperammonemia. Survivors remain vulnerable to nitrogen overload, being at risk for repetitive neurological injury. With transgenic technology, our lab developed a constitutive Cps1 mutant mouse and reports its characterization herein. Within 24 hours of birth, all Cps1
−/− mice developed hyperammonemia and expired. No CPS1 protein by Western blot or immunostaining was detected in livers nor was Cps1 mRNA present. CPS1 enzymatic activity was markedly decreased in knockout livers and reduced in Cps1+/−mice. Plasma analysis found markedly reduced citrulline and arginine and markedly increased glutamine and alanine, both intermolecular carriers of nitrogen, along with elevated ammonia, taurine, and lysine. Derangements in multiple other amino acids were also detected. While hepatic amino acids also demonstrated markedly reduced citrulline, arginine, while decreased, was not statistically significant; alanine and lysine were markedly increased while glutamine was trending towards significance. In conclusion we have determined that this constitutive neonatal mouse model of CPS1 deficiency replicates the neonatal human phenotype and demonstrates the key biochemical features of the disorder. These mice will be integral for addressing the challenges of developing new therapeutic approaches for this, at present, poorly treated disorder.
Enzyme replacement therapy outcomes across the disease spectrum: Findings from the mucopolysaccharidosis VI Clinical Surveillance Program
Authors: Harmatz Paul R. , Lampe Christina , Parini Rossella , Sharma Reena , Teles Elisa L. , Johnson Julie , Sivam Debbie , Sisic Zlatko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe impact of galsulfase enzyme replacement therapy in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI with phenotypes at either end of the disease spectrum was evaluated. The MPS VI Clinical Surveillance Program (CSP) was established to collect long‐term observational data from routine clinical and laboratory assessments. A subanalysis of the CSP was performed in patients with pretreatment urinary glycosaminoglycan (uGAG) levels <100 μg/mg and ≥200 μg/mg creatinine (low‐ and high‐uGAG) who had received galsulfase for ≥6 months. uGAG, 6‐minute walk test (6MWT), 3‐minute stair climb test (3MSCT), pulmonary function measures, height/growth, cardiac function, and safety were evaluated. Patients with a high‐uGAG level at pre‐treatment baseline (N = 68) showed greater impairments in endurance and pulmonary function than those with low‐baseline uGAG levels (N = 39). From pre‐treatment baseline, the distance walked on the 6MWT in the low‐ and high‐uGAG groups increased by a mean (±SD) of 49 (±151) meters and 42 (±165) meters (median follow‐up 5.5 and 7.7 years), respectively. The number of stairs/min climbed in the 3MSCT in the low‐ and high‐uGAG groups increased by a mean of 18 (±33) and 30 (±45) (median follow‐up 2.8 and 3.5 years), respectively. Overall, pulmonary function remained unchanged for both groups. No impact was seen on cardiac function. Galsulfase was generally well tolerated in both groups, with most adverse events being MPS‐related complications unrelated to galsulfase. Results of this CSP sub‐analysis suggest that galsulfase stabilizes MPS VI in the long‐term and has an acceptable safety profile, regardless of baseline disease severity.
Implementation of radiation therapist cylinder insertion for vaginal vault brachytherapy
Authors: Paterson Dean B. , Pearson Shelley M. , Johnson Carol A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVaginal vault brachytherapy is a common treatment for endometrial cancer. Historically, applicator insertion has been the domain of a radiation oncologist (RO). This commentary outlines a project to improve efficiency and workforce utilisation by introducing a competency framework and training module allowing entitled radiation therapists to perform single‐channel cylinder applicator insertions and treatment delivery under RO supervision for fraction one and without supervision for subsequent fractions. The rationale, relevant regulations, implementation process and barriers are explored.
Measurement and analysis on the accommodation responses to real‐mode, virtual‐mode, and focused‐mode integral imaging display
Authors: Chen Cong , Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Song Yu‐Tong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntegral imaging has three display modes including real mode, virtual mode, and focused mode, and each mode has unique display characteristics. In this paper, the accommodation responses to the three‐dimensional (3‐D) targets reconstructed by each mode of the integral imaging display were measured and statistically analyzed. Through the least square method, standard deviation analysis, and t‐test analysis, we found that the accommodation responses to the 3‐D target reconstructed by the focused mode was more similar to that of the real target on the same depth position. Moreover, the closer to the central depth plane was, the steadier accommodation response 3‐D targets could provide. These statistical analysis results are helpful to the design of integral imaging display device.
RASSF10 suppresses lung cancer proliferation and invasion by decreasing the level of phosphorylated LRP6
Authors: Han Xu , Dong Qianze , Wu Jingjing , Luo Yuan , Rong Xuezhu , Han Qiang , Zheng Xiaoying , Wang Enhua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRas‐association domain family (RASSF) proteins exert distinct cellular functions. The expression of RASSF10 in non–small cell lung cancer and its underlying mechanism have not been reported. Herein, we explored the roles of RASSF10 in lung cancer cells and potential molecular mechanisms. We found low RASSF10 expression in lung cancer specimens, which was associated with low differentiation, advanced pTNM stage, positive lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients. Furthermore, RASSF10 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells, which was the result of Wnt signaling suppression. However, we found that RASSF10 had no influence on Hippo signaling, while RASSF10 bound to LRP6 via the coiled‐coil domains and reduced p‐LRP6 level, eventually prohibiting β‐catenin nuclear translocation. However, deleting the coiled‐coil domains ablated this function. These findings expound the interaction between RASSF10 and LRP6 and uncover a potential link between N‐terminal RASSFs and the Wnt pathway.
Oxidative Stress and Dysfunctional Intracellular Traffic Linked to an Unhealthy Diet Results in Impaired Cargo Transport in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)
Authors: Keeling Eloise , Chatelet David S. , Johnston David A. , Page Anton , Tumbarello David A. , Lotery Andrew J. , Ratnayaka J. Arjuna 
Published: March 2019

ScopeOxidative stress and dysregulated intracellular trafficking are associated with an unhealthy diet which underlies pathology. Here, these effects on photoreceptor outer segment (POS) trafficking in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a major pathway of disease underlying irreversible sight‐loss, are studied.Methods and resultsPOS trafficking is studied in ARPE‐19 cells using an algorithm‐based quantification of confocal‐immunofluorescence data supported by ultrastructural studies. It is shown that although POS are tightly regulated and trafficked via Rab5, Rab7 vesicles, LAMP1/2 lysosomes and LC3b‐autophagosomes, there is also a considerable degree of variation and flexibility in this process. Treatment with H2O2 and bafilomycin A1 reveals that oxidative stress and dysregulated autophagy target intracellular compartments and trafficking in strikingly different ways. These effects appear limited to POS‐containing vesicles, suggesting a cargo‐specific effect.ConclusionThe findings offer insights into how RPE cells cope with stress, and how mechanisms influencing POS transport/degradation can have different outcomes in the senescent retina. These shed new light on cellular processes underlying retinopathies such as age‐related macular degeneration. The discoveries reveal how diet and nutrition can cause fundamental alterations at a cellular level, thus contributing to a better understanding of the diet‐disease axis.
In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non‐water‐suppressed proton MRS
Authors: Zoelch Niklaus , Hock Andreas , Steuer Andrea E. , Heimer Jakob , Kraemer Thomas , Thali Michael J. , Gascho Dominic 
Published: March 2019

Determination of the ethanol concentration in corpses with MRS would allow a reproducible forensic assessment by which evidence is collected in a noninvasive manner. However, although MRS has been successfully used to detect ethanol in vivo, it has not been applied to postmortem ethanol quantification in situ. The present study examined the feasibility of the noninvasive measurement of the ethanol concentration in human corpses with MRS. A total of 15 corpses with suspected alcohol consumption before demise underwent examination in a 3 T whole body scanner. To address the partial overlap of the ethanol and lactate signal in the postmortem spectrum, non‐water‐suppressed single voxel spectra were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the left lateral ventricle via the metabolite cycling technique. The ethanol signals were quantified using the internal water as reference standard, as well as based on a reference signal acquired in a phantom. The measured values were compared with biochemically determined concentrations in the blood (BAC) and CSF (CSFAC). In 8 of the 15 corpses a BAC above zero was determined (range 0.03–1.68 g/kg). In all of these 8 corpses, ethanol was measured in CSF with the proposed MRS protocol. The two applied MRS calibration strategies resulted in similar concentrations. However, the MRS measurements generally overestimated the ethanol concentration by 0.09 g/kg (4%) to 0.72 g/kg (45%) as compared with the CSFAC value. The presented MRS protocol allows the measurement of ethanol in the CSF in human corpses and provides an estimation of the ethanol concentration prior to autopsy. Observed deviations from biochemically determined concentrations are mainly explained by the approximate correction of the relaxation attenuation of the ethanol signal.
The magnitude and predictors of therapy abandonment in pediatric central nervous system tumors in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Seah Tiffany , Zhang Chuer , Halbert Jay , Prabha Shashi , Gupta Sumit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors in low‐ to middle‐income countries (LMIC) are poorer than their high‐income counterparts. Abandonment of therapy is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to this disparity, but has been poorly quantified. We performed a meta‐analysis to determine the magnitude of abandonment in pediatric CNS tumors in LMIC, and risk factors and interventions aimed at reducing this.Patients and methodsWe searched seven databases for pediatric CNS tumor cohorts followed up from diagnosis and treated in LMIC. All languages were included. Two reviewers independently selected articles and extracted data on abandonment rates (ARs) and predictors. The authors were contacted for additional information.ResultsOf 50 660 publications, 643 in five languages met criteria for full review; 131 met analysis inclusion criteria. ARs were not reported in the majority, and a small number were available from the authors. Available ARs ranged from 0% to 59%, from 38 studies (2497 children in 14 countries), and these were quantitatively analyzed. Lower‐middle‐income countries had higher ARs than upper‐middle‐income countries (27%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20%–36% vs 9%, 95% CI 6%–14%, P < 0.0001), with significant heterogeneity within each (LMIC I2 = 78%, P < 0.00001, UMIC I2 = 85%, P < 0.00001). Common predictors for abandonment included distance to treatment centers, financial hardship, and prognostic misconceptions.ConclusionIn LMICs, ARs are highest in lower‐MICs. However, the paucity of published data limits further evaluation. Given the increasing burden of pediatric CNS tumors in LMIC, addressing deficits in abandonment reporting is critical. Consistent reporting is needed for developing interventions to improve outcomes.
Oseltamivir phosphate—Lifting the restriction on its use to treat teenagers with influenza in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Satoshi , Tetsuhashi Masashi , Sato Daisaku 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeIn 2007, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) warned to refrain from prescribing oseltamivir for teenagers when two Japanese teenagers with influenza fell from a high‐rise building after taking oseltamivir. Revisions of the warning texts of anti‐influenza drugs were discussed by the Subcommittee of Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council, MHLW, based on the studies and trends of anti‐influenza medication over the last 10 years.MethodThe research group led by Dr Nobuhiko Okabe conducted nationwide survey since the 2007/2008 influenza season. The results of Japanese and foreign epidemiological and non‐clinical studies of abnormal behaviors in influenza patients since 2009 were reviewed.ResultSevere abnormal behaviors have been reported in influenza patients taking all types of anti‐influenza drugs, as well as in untreated patients. There are some risks to patients whether treated with any anti‐influenza drug, or non‐treated though it is still not possible to rule out a potential causal relationship between abnormal behaviors and anti‐influenza drugs. 70% of abnormal behaviors occurred within two days after the onset of fever. No difference was found between anti‐influenza drugs treated and non‐treated patients. In patients receiving oseltamivir and other anti‐influenza drugs, the frequency of abnormal behaviors is not clearly different between teenagers and patients under 10 years old.ConclusionThe specific “boxed warning” and the restriction only for oseltamivir that should not be used for teenagers was lifted. Therefore, the labeling of all anti‐influenza drugs carry a consistent warning about the potential for abnormal behaviors in Japan.