bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionally Graded Knitted Actuators with NiTi‐Based Shape Memory Alloys for Topographically Self‐Fitting Wearables
Authors: Granberry Rachael , Eschen Kevin , Holschuh Brad , Abel Julianna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdvances in actuating fabrics can enable a paradigm shift in the field of smart wearables by dynamically fitting themselves to the unique topography of the human body. Applications including soft wearable robotics, continuous health monitoring, and body‐mounted haptic feedback systems are dependent upon simultaneous body proximity and garment stiffness for functionality. Passive fabrics and fitting mechanisms are unable to conform around surface concavities and require either high elasticity or a multiplicity of closure devices to achieve garment fit. The design, manufacture, and validation of the first circumferentially contractile and topographic self‐fitting garments composed of NiTi‐based shape memory alloy (SMA) knitted actuators that dynamically conform to the unique shape and size of the wearer's body in response to a change of the garment's temperature is introduced. Advanced materials and systems innovations 1) enable novel garment manufacturing and application strategies, 2) facilitate topographical fitting (spatial actuation) through garment architectural design, and 3) provide tunable NiTi‐based SMA actuation temperatures to enable actuation on the surface of human skin. This research represents a paradigm shift for wearable applications by redefining garment fit to fully topographical conformation to the wearer through advanced materials and structures design.
Sociosexual behavioral patterns involving nulliparous female orangutans (Pongo sp.) reflect unique challenges during the adolescent period
Authors: O'Connell Caitlin A. , Susanto Tri Wahyu , Knott Cheryl D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe primate adolescent period is characterized by a series of changes in physiology, behavior, and social relationships. Orangutans have the slowest life history and the longest period of dependency of all primates. As members of a semisolitary species with high levels of sexual coercion, adolescent female orangutans face a unique combination of challenges when achieving independence from their mother. This study examined the mating behavior of adolescent female orangutans and compared it with that of adult females to assess whether mating behavior reflects distinct strategies at these different points in the life cycle. Data were collected in Gunung Palung National Park on the island of Borneo over 20 years. Mating events from adolescent (n = 19) and adult females (n = 26) were scored and compared. Adolescent female mating events had significantly higher mating scores (indicating more proceptivity) than those of adult females (β = 1.948, p = .001). Adolescent females also engaged in elaborate sociosexual interactions with different flanged males, behaviors that were never observed during mating events of adult females. These interactions involved characteristic behavior on the part of both the adolescent females and the flanged males. Given these findings and the documentation of similar accounts of adolescent female–flanged male mating from the island of Sumatra, we propose that adolescent female orangutans display distinctive behavioral repertoires throughout the genus Pongo which serves to overcome male ambivalence toward nulliparous females, establish familiarity, and evaluate coercive tendencies in flanged males. We suggest that these behavioral patterns are an integral part of female social development in a female philopatric, but highly dispersed species where consistent social support is absent after ranging independence is achieved.
Response‐Retaliation Behavior in Synthetic Protocell Communities
Authors: Qiao Yan , Li Mei , Qiu Dong , Mann Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo different artificial predation strategies are spatially and temporally coupled to generate a simple tit‐for‐tat mechanism in a ternary protocell network capable of antagonistic enzyme‐mediated interactions. The consortium initially consists of protease‐sensitive glucose‐oxidase‐containing proteinosomes (1), non‐interacting pH‐sensitive polypeptide/mononucleotide coacervate droplets containing proteinase K (2), and proteinosome‐adhered pH‐resistant polymer/polysaccharide coacervate droplets (3). On receiving a glucose signal, secretion of protons from 1 triggers the disassembly of 2 and the released protease is transferred to 3 to initiate a delayed contact‐dependent killing of the proteinosomes and cessation of glucose oxidase activity. Our results provide a step towards complex mesoscale dynamics based on programmable response‐retaliation behavior in artificial protocell consortia.
Mechanical and film formation behavior from PDMS/NaY zeolite composite membranes
Authors: Denktaş Cenk 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and NaY zeolite doped composite membranes were prepared for the films varying from 0 to 15 NaY zeolite wt %. All the membranes were characterized by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis methods. The FTIR spectral results showed that there is physical interaction existing between the PDMS matrix and NaY zeolite. Additionally, film formation from the pure PDMS and PDMS/NaY composites were investigated by photon transmission technique. Activation energies corresponding to the void closure and the interdiffusion stages were calculated. The NaY zeolite added films led to the significant improvement in the mechanical properties that both the tensile strength and Young's modulus increased three times. Thermal properties of the films were also investigated and the addition of NaY zeolite into the PDMS matrix could significantly improve the thermal stability of the composite membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48549.
Recent Advancements in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Twofold Unsymmetrical Difunctionalization of Arenes
Authors: Mandal Anup , Dana Suman , Chowdhury Deepan , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed direct C−H bond activation reactions have been embraced as a powerful synthetic tool to access diverse functionalized arenes. However, site‐selective incorporation of multiple distinct functionalities in an arene has always been a formidable challenge. Recent efforts from the synthetic community have disclosed a few dynamic synthetic approaches to fabricate multifunctionalized arenes in one‐pot using a single catalytic system. These reports manifested the immense potential of such approaches to expedite contemporary organic synthesis towards building molecular complexity. In this minireview, we have illustrated the recent progress in this area, highlighting the contribution from several synthetic chemists including our group.
Relative Efficacy of Co−X4 Embedded Graphene (X=N, S, B, and P) Electrocatalysts towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Is Nitrogen Really the Best Choice?
Authors: Ren Chunjin , Wen Lu , Magagula Saneliswa , Jiang Qianyu , Lin Wei , Zhang Yongfan , Chen Zhongfang , Ding Kaining 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe perform first‐principles calculations to investigate whether or not nitrogen is the best dopant in system of Co−X4 embedded graphene (X=N, S, B, and P) electrocatalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). Our theoretical results reveal that N, S, B, and P‐doped graphene can enhance the catalytic activity toward HER compared with the pristine graphene, and S doped graphene exhibits more favorable performance than N doped graphene, consistent with the experimental results. For the Co−X4 embedded graphene (X=N, S, B, and P), we predict that S may be a promising dopant in graphene supported single atom Co. The rather low hydrogen adsorption free energy (−0.07 eV) and activation energy barrier (0.78 eV) for the rate‐determining step, the downshift of the d band center, the enhanced charge density of dz2 orbital as well as the reduced work function are responsible for the unexpected activity of Co‐S4 embedded graphene for HER. Overall, Co‐S4 embedded graphene catalyst could be a good candidate for hydrogen evolution reaction.
The Effects of Tetramethylammonium Cation on Oligonucleotide Analysis with Aerolysin Nanopore
Authors: Wu Xue‐Yuan , Li Meng‐Yin , Ying Yi‐Lun , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNanopore biosensors, as an extremely sensitive tool, are widely applied to single‐molecule analysis. Compared with the commonly used α‐hemolysin, aerolysin nanopore possess a narrower channel, which distributes the abundant charged residues in the lumen. We replaced the commonly used potassium cations (K+) with tetramethylammonium cations (TMA+) to explore the cation effects. Experimental results demonstrate that the blockage of oligonucleotides in the TMA+ system is distinctly more considerable than that in K+ system. In particular, the blockade currents of Poly(dA)5 are very closed to 0 pA. In addition, the capture rate of oligonucleotides is distinctly increased, and it is speculated that amphipathic TMA+ can enhance the affinity of aerolysin nanopore for oligonucleotides. Furthermore, the estimated effective charges (Zinside) of oligonucleotides inside aerolysin nanopore in two solutions suggest that the screening of K+ on Poly(dA)3, Poly(dA)4, and Poly(dA)5 is more effective than that for TMA+. This report deepens our understanding of the effects of cations in electrolyte.
Reduced graphene oxide‐based materials for electrochemical energy conversion reactions
Authors: Choi Seokhoon , Kim Changyeon , Suh Jun Min , Jang Ho Won 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere have been ever‐growing demands to develop advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion over the past decade. As a promising platform for advanced electrocatalysts, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has attracted substantial research interests in a variety of electrochemical energy conversion reactions. Its versatile utility is mainly attributed to unique physical and chemical properties, such as high specific surface area, tunable electronic structure, and the feasibility of structural modification and functionalization. Here, a comprehensive discussion is provided upon recent advances in the material preparation, characterization, and the catalytic activity of rGO‐based electrocatalysts for various electrochemical energy conversion reactions (water splitting, CO2 reduction reaction, N2 reduction reaction, and O2 reduction reaction). Major advantages of rGO and the related challenges for enhancing their catalytic performance are addressed.
Can a Mononuclear Iron(III)‐Superoxo Active Site Catalyze the Decarboxylation of Dodecanoic Acid in UndA to Produce Biofuels?
Authors: Lin Yen‐Ting , Stańczak Agnieszka , Manchev Yulian , Straganz Grit D. , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDecarboxylation of fatty acids is an important reaction in cell metabolism, but also has potential in biotechnology for the biosynthesis of hydrocarbons as biofuels. The recently discovered nonheme iron decarboxylase UndA is involved in the biosynthesis of 1‐undecene from dodecanoic acid and using X‐ray crystallography was assigned to be a mononuclear iron species. However, the work was contradicted by spectroscopic studies that suggested UndA to be more likely a dinuclear iron system. To resolve this controversy we decided to pursue a computational study on the reaction mechanism of fatty acid decarboxylation by UndA using iron(III)‐superoxo and diiron(IV)‐dioxo models. We tested several models with different protonation states of active site residues. Overall, however, the calculations imply that mononuclear iron(III)‐superoxo is a sluggish oxidant of hydrogen atom abstraction reactions in UndA and will not be able to activate fatty acid residues by decarboxylation at room temperature. By contrast, a diiron‐dioxo complex reacts with much lower hydrogen atom abstraction barriers and hence is a more likely oxidant in UndA.
Access to Enantiopure Advanced Intermediates en Route to Madangamines
Authors: Are Celeste , Pérez Maria , Ballette Roberto , Proto Stefano , Caso Federica , Yayik Nihan , Bosch Joan , Amat Mercedes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of enantiopure ABCE and ABCD tetracyclic advanced intermediates en route to madangamine alkaloids and studies for the construction of the triunsaturated 15‐membered D ring of madangamine B and the saturated 13‐membered D ring of madangamine E are reported.
Ru‐Pt catalysts supported on Al2O3 and SiO2─Al2O3 for the selective ring opening of naphthenes
Authors: Vicerich María A. , Benitez Viviana M. , Sánchez María A. , Especel Catherine , Epron Florence , Pieck Carlos L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlumina and silica‐alumina supported Ru‐Pt catalysts were evaluated for the ring opening of naphthenes. Pt, Ru, and Ru‐Pt catalysts were prepared by the impregnation of inorganic precursors over γ‐alumina and silica‐alumina supports. The catalysts were evaluated by temperature programmed reduction (TPR), pyridine temperature programmed desorption (TPD), CO‐FTIR, and by test reactions of 33DM1B isomerization, cyclohexane dehydrogenation, cyclopentane hydrogenolysis, and the ring opening of decalin. The strong interaction between the metals (Pt‐Ru) was attributed to their reductions occurring simultaneously. The acidity and strength of the acid sites of the monometallic Ru catalyst were higher than those of the monometallic Pt catalyst. The total acidity (Lewis and Brønsted) and the strength of the acid sites were higher for the silica‐alumina supported catalysts. The silica‐alumina catalysts had 10 times more Brønsted acidity than the γ‐alumina ones and an increased activity and selectivity to decalin ring opening products. Supported monometallic Ru had the best performance for the ring opening reaction.
Winery wastewater management and treatment in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada: A review and analysis of current regional practices and treatment performance
Authors: Johnson Melody B. , Mehrvar Mehrab 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe winemaking process produces a large volume of wastewater with highly variable characteristics. Methods in place to manage winery wastewater (WWW) vary, with some wineries treating their WWW on‐site, while others direct the WWW to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Despite the significant presence and growth of the wine industry in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada, few data are available regarding the characteristics and treatment of WWW in this geographic region. This work presents a comprehensive review of full‐scale treatment methods currently in place to manage and treat WWW at 53 wineries in the Niagara Region. The most common type of on‐site treatment is the constructed wetland process, providing overall removal rates of >98% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and >98% for total suspended solids (TSS) for the combined treatment of WWW and site‐generated sanitary sewage. Subsurface effluent discharge is the most widely used disposal strategy, while larger systems treating WWW alone also reuse the effluent for vineyard irrigation. The construction and operation of on‐site treatment systems at wineries does not address all WWW treatment needs, requiring a portion of the WWW to be co‐treated at WWTPs. While full‐scale operating data indicate that anaerobic co‐digestion with municipal sludges is effective (89% COD removal), the co‐digestion capacity is limited. Co‐treatment in the municipal WWTPs' liquid treatment train leads to negative operational and performance impacts. No efficient WWW co‐treatment options, viable in the long‐term, are currently available at municipal WWTPs. Improved co‐treatment strategies are required to address WWW treatment needs in the Niagara Region.
A novel analytical second‐order sensitivity calculation approach using the finite element method for chemical engineering problems
Authors: Lv Lu , Xiao Long , Ma Weihua , Wang Wenhai , Qi Zhenqiang , Zhang Zeyin , Ye Song , Liu Ping , Xu Guoqiang , Zheng Zongzhun , Wang Sen , Liu Xinggao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an effective orthogonal collocation approach to approximate dynamic optimization problems into nonlinear programming problems, where the resulting problems can then be usually solved by first‐order sensitivity based algorithms. However, the results obtained fail to satisfy the timeliness and accuracy requirements of some dynamic optimization problems. A novel collocation approach with second‐order sensitivity information is therefore first proposed to improve the efficiency of the method. The resulting nonlinear programming problem is obtained through the orthogonal collocation on finite element combined with a single shooting approach. Three benchmark optimal control problems are considered to demonstrate the performance of the presented approach. Comparisons among the proposed approach, the BFGS method, and other literature solutions are also carried out in detail. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the time saving benefit.
Trapping Ionic Mercury Using Different Adsorbents
Authors: Ojedokun Adedamola Titi , Oluwole Abraham Olusegun , Bello Olugbenga Solomon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOf recent, adsorption process has gained a lot of attention as a cheap and effective means of removing trace metals from wastewater prior to discharge into water bodies. Being flexible in design and operation, the process has enabled an optimal recovery of trace metals such that the treated effluents meet the desired standards for waste disposal. Mercury is a toxicant released into the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources. It is notorious for having an unusual tendency to bio‐accumulate and persist in the food chain. Presence of mercury in food, especially those of aquatic sources has drastic implications on human health. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop and optimize low‐cost activated carbon (AC) as adsorbents for scavenging mercury from aqueous effluents. Herein, how mercury accumulates across the food chain, its health implications, and the recent advancement in the use of low‐cost ACs as adsorbent for trapping mercury from wastewater are highlighted. Relationship between the mercury removal efficiency and the surface morphology of the adsorbents as well as the influence of prevailing experimental condition on the sorption process were addressed. Challenges and future prospects of the use of low‐cost adsorbents in addressing mercury pollution in the environment are discussed.
Synthetic Biology Enables Programmable Cell‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Hicks Maggie , Bachmann Till T. , Wang Baojun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCell‐based biosensors offer cheap, portable and simple methods of detecting molecules of interest but have yet to be truly adopted commercially. Issues with their performance and specificity initially slowed the development of cell‐based biosensors. With the development of rational approaches to tune response curves, the performance of biosensors has rapidly improved and there are now many biosensors capable of sensing with the required performance. This has stimulated an increased interest in biosensors and their commercial potential. However the reliability, long term stability and biosecurity of these sensors are still barriers to commercial application and public acceptance. Research into overcoming these issues remains active. Here we present the state‐of‐the‐art tools offered by synthetic biology to allow construction of cell‐based biosensors with customisable performance to meet the real world requirements in terms of sensitivity and dynamic range and discuss the research progress to overcome the challenges in terms of the sensor stability and biosecurity fears.
A Simple Assay to Evaluate the Function of Human Connexin Hemichannels Expressed in Escherichia coli that Can Be Used for Drug Discovery and Mutant Analysis
Authors: Fiori Mariana C. , Cuello Luis G. , Altenberg Guillermo A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAbnormally increased activity of connexin hemichannels contributes to cell damage in many disorders, including deafness, stroke, and cardiac infarct, and therefore hemichannels constitute a potentially important therapeutic target. Unfortunately, the available hemichannel inhibitors are not specific and most are toxic. The absence of a simple and cost‐effective screening assay has made the discovery of hemichannel inhibitors difficult. Here, we present an optimized assay where human connexins are expressed in genetically modified Escherichia coli cells deficient in potassium uptake (LB2003 cells). These cells cannot grow in low‐potassium medium, and hemichannel function is assayed by the reversion of the no‐growth phenotype. Since functional hemichannels are permeable to potassium, they allow for its uptake and cell growth. The simple reading of bacterial growth in low‐potassium medium distinguishes functional hemichannels (growth) from those inhibited (no growth). This assay is simple, robust, inexpensive, and reliable, and is easily scaled to high‐throughput multiwell platforms. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of competent LB2003 cells resistant to kanamycinBasic Protocol 2: Growth complementation assaySupport Protocol: Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of potential connexin hemichannel inhibitors
Analysis of lncRNA–mRNA networks after MEK1/2 inhibition based on WGCNA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qian Jing , Yang Jianxin , Liu Xianchen , Chen Zhiming , Yan Xiaodi , Gu Hongmei , Xue Qiang , Zhou Xingqin , Gai Ling , Lu Pengpeng , Shi Yu , Yao Ninghua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) responds poorly to treatment. Efforts have been exerted to prolong the survival time of PDA, but the 5‐year survival rates remain disappointing. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PDA development is significant. MEK/ERK pathway signaling has been proven to be important in PDA. lncRNA–mRNA networks have become a vital part of molecular mechanisms in the MEK/ERK pathway. Herein, weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to investigate the coexpressed lncRNA–mRNA networks in the MEK/ERK pathway based on GSE45765. Differently expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) were found and 10 modules were identified based on coexpression profiles. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were then performed to analyze the coexpressed lncRNA and mRNA in different modules. PDA cells and tissues were used to validate the analysis results. Finally, we found that NONHSAT185150.1 and B4GALT6 were negatively correlated with MEK1/2. By analyzing GSE45765, the genome‐wide profiles of lncRNA–mRNA network after MEK1/2 was established, which might aid the development of drug‐targeting MEK1/2 and the investigation of diagnostic markers.