bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The axial anatomy of monitor lizards (Varanidae)
Authors: Cieri Robert L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBecause the musculoskeletal anatomy of the trunk is the framework for the behaviors of locomotion, ventilation, and body support in lepidosaurs, comparative study of trunk anatomy in this group is critical for unraveling the selective pressures leading to extant diversity in axial form and function among vertebrates. This work uses gross dissection and computed tomography to describe the muscular and skeletal anatomy of the trunk of varanid lizards (Varanidae, Anguimorpha). Gross muscle dissections were conducted to investigate the axial muscular anatomy of Varanus exanthematicus, Varanus giganteus, Varanus rosenbergi, and Varanus panoptes. Computed tomography scans of these and additional varanid lizards from the Varanus and Odatria subgenera were conducted to investigate rib and vertebral number and gross morphology. The number of vertebrae differs between species, with 27–35 presacral and 47–137 postsacral vertebrae. Although the number of floating and abdominal ribs in varanids is variable, most species examined have three to four cervical ribs and three true ribs. Attachment and insertion points of the epaxial and hypaxial musculature are detailed. The body wall has four main hypaxial layers, from superficial to deep: oliquus externus, intercostalis externi, intercostalis internii, and transversus. Varanids differ from other investigated lepidosaurs in having supracostalis dorsus brevis (epaxial) and levator costae (hypaxial), which independently connect each rib to the vertebral column. Although more basic muscle descriptions of the body wall in reptiles are needed, comparisons with the condition in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) can be made.
Permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in bicuspid aortic valve patients
Authors: Xiong Tian‐Yuan , Liao Yan‐Biao , Li Yi‐Jian , Zhao Zhen‐Gang , Wei Xin , Tsauo Jiay‐yu , Xu Yuan‐Ning , Feng Yuan , Chen Mao 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundStudies of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) specifically for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients are lacking. We aim to delineate possible aspects that might affect the incidence of PPI in a retrospective cohort of BAV patients treated with early‐generation self‐expanding devices.MethodsA total of 80 patients with bicuspid morphology who successfully underwent TAVR by self‐expanding devices without prior PPI were included. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic, and angiographic characteristics, procedural and post‐procedural details were collected.ResultsThe incidence of PPI after early‐generation self‐expanding valves in this BAV cohort was 26.3%. Baseline characteristics were comparable between patients requiring PPI post‐TAVR or not. Perimeter oversizing greater than 20% significantly increased the risk of PPI compared with an oversizing of 10‐20% (OR 5.08 [1.22, 21.07], P = 0.03). The proportion of patients with a depth of implantation greater than 6 mm was significantly higher in those who required PPI (82.4% vs 54.3%, P = 0.04). When testing the impact of depth of implantation >6 mm and oversizing in different morphologies, only in type 1 bicuspid patients and by oversizing>20% increased the risk of PPI (OR 12.00 [1.25, 115.36], P = 0.03) compared with an oversizing of 10‐20%.ConclusionsExcessive perimeter oversizing in relation to aortic annulus and depth of implantation greater than 6 mm should be avoided to improve PPI post‐TAVR for BAV patients receiving self‐expanding devices, especially for type 1 BAV.
Smartphone‐based clinical diagnostics: towards democratization of evidence‐based health care
Authors: Hernández‐Neuta I. , Neumann F. , Brightmeyer J. , Ba Tis T. , Madaboosi N. , Wei Q. , Ozcan A. , Nilsson M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent advancements in bioanalytical techniques have led to the development of novel and robust diagnostic approaches that hold promise for providing optimal patient treatment, guiding prevention programs and widening the scope of personalized medicine. However, these advanced diagnostic techniques are still complex, expensive and limited to centralized healthcare facilities or research laboratories. This significantly hinders the use of evidence‐based diagnostics for resource‐limited settings and the primary care, thus creating a gap between healthcare providers and patients, leaving these populations without access to precision and quality medicine. Smartphone‐based imaging and sensing platforms are emerging as promising alternatives for bridging this gap and decentralizing diagnostic tests offering practical features such as portability, cost‐effectiveness and connectivity. Moreover, towards simplifying and automating bioanalytical techniques, biosensors and lab‐on‐a‐chip technologies have become essential to interface and integrate these assays, bringing together the high precision and sensitivity of diagnostic techniques with the connectivity and computational power of smartphones. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of clinical smartphone diagnostics and its contributing technologies, as well as their wide range of areas of application, which span from haematology to digital pathology and rapid infectious disease diagnostics.
Illuminating the ‘Face’ of Justice: A Meta‐Analytic Examination of Leadership and Organizational Justice
Authors: Karam Elizabeth P. , Hu Jinyu , Davison Robert B. , Juravich Matthew , Nahrgang Jennifer D. , Humphrey Stephen E. , Scott DeRue D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA significant body of research has described effective leader behaviours and has connected these behaviours to positive employee outcomes. However, this research has yet to be systematically integrated with organizational justice research to describe how leader behaviours inform justice perceptions. Therefore, we conduct a meta‐analysis (k = 166, N = 46,034) to investigate how three types of leader behaviours (task, relational, and change) inform four dimensions of organizational justice (procedural, distributive, interpersonal, and informational) referenced to the leader and to the organization. Further, we examine the joint impact of leader behaviours and justice perceptions on social exchange quality (i.e., leader–member exchange), task performance, and job satisfaction. Our results suggest that leader behaviours differentially inform leader‐ and organization‐focused justice perceptions, and the joint effect of leader behaviours and justice perceptions offer more nuanced explanations for outcomes.
Multiclass mycotoxins in lotus seeds analysed by an isotope-labelled internal standard-based UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Huang Pinxuan , Kong Weijun , Wang Sha , Wang Ruilin , Lu Jinghua , Yang Meihua 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the residue levels of multiclass mycotoxins in medicinal and edible lotus seeds.

Methods
A rapid and reliable isotope-labelled internal standard-based UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for sensitive and accurate analysis of multiclass mycotoxins including aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), T-2 and HT-2 toxins in lotus seeds. Some critical conditions such as extract solution with the addition of isotope-labelled internal standard, type of mobile phase and the elution condition were scientifically optimized. The 11 mycotoxins obtained satisfactory resolution and sensitive detection in multiple reactions monitoring scanning mode combined with the ion switching technology in positive and negative ion switching mode.

Key findings
The developed isotope-labelled internal standard-based UPLC-MS/MS method exhibited an approving linearity (r ≥ 0.9984), high sensitivity (limit of detection in the range of 0.015–30.05 μg/kg), acceptable precision (RSDs ≤6.3%) and good recovery (76.0–116.0%) for 11 analytes, respectively. Ten batches of real lotus seed samples were tested, and three batches out of which were contaminated with AFB1, FB2, T-2 and ZEN. AFB1 showed the highest occurrence rate (30%) with contents of 10.50 and 8.32 μg/kg in two samples over the official limit (5.0 μg/kg).

Conclusions
The monitoring of multiclass mycotoxins in Chinese herbal medicines is in great urgency to ensure the security of consumers. The proposed method could be further utilized for simple, sensitive and rapid detection of more mycotoxins in other complex matrices to compensate for matrix effects.
Feeding by common heterotrophic protists on the mixotrophic alga Gymnodinium smaydae (Dinophyceae), one of the fastest growing dinoflagellates
Authors: Jeong Hae Jin , You Ji Hyun , Lee Kyung Ha , Kim So Jin , Lee Sung Yeon 
Published: August 2018

Gymnodinium smaydae is one of the fastest growing dinoflagellates. However, its population dynamics are affected by both growth and mortality due to predation. Thus, feeding by common heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gyrodinium dominans, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Oblea rotunda, Oxyrrhis marina, and Polykrikos kofoidii, and the naked ciliate Pelagostrobilidium sp. on G. smaydae was investigated in the laboratory. Furthermore, growth and ingestion rates of O. marina, G. dominans, and Pelagostrobilidium sp. on G. smaydae in response to prey concentration were also determined. Oxyrrhis marina, G. dominans, G. moestrupii, and Pelagostrobilidium sp. were able to feed on G. smaydae, but P. kofoidii and O. rotunda did not feed on this dinoflagellate. The maximum growth rate of O. marina on G. smaydae was 0.411 per day. However, G. smaydae did not support the positive growth of Pelagostrobilidium sp. The maximum ingestion rates of O. marina and Pelagostrobilidium sp. on G. smaydae were 0.27 and 6.91 ng C · predator−1 · d−1, respectively. At the given mean prey concentrations, the highest growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans on G. smaydae were 0.114 per day and 0.04 ng C · predator−1 · d−1, respectively. The maximum growth and ingestion rates of O. marina on G. smaydae are lower than those on most of the other algal prey species. Therefore, O. marina may be an effective predator of G. smaydae, but G. smaydae may not be the preferred prey for supporting high growth of the predator in comparison to other species as inferred from a literature survey.
Three‐year safety, efficacy and persistence data following the daily use of mirabegron for overactive bladder in the clinical setting: A Japanese post‐marketing surveillance study
Authors: Kato Daisuke , Tabuchi Hiromi , Uno Satoshi 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to report the final 3‐year results from a surveillance study evaluating the safety, efficacy, and persistence of mirabegron for treating overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.MethodsPatients who had started mirabegron for the treatment of urinary urgency, daytime frequency, and urgency urinary incontinence symptoms associated with OAB were followed for 3 years. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), residual urine volume measurements, OAB symptoms, Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OABSS), and treatment discontinuations were evaluated prospectively. Persistence was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsOf the 1138 patients included in the study (mean ±SD age: 71.9 ± 11.0 years; 574 [50.4%] women), 97 (8.52%) experienced 109 ADRs, with the incidence of ADRs decreasing over time (<1 year: 1.34%–2.37%; ≥1–<2 years: 0.45%–1.60%; ≥2–<3 years: 0.29%–1.10%; 3‐monthly interval data). No significant increases in residual urine volume were observed. The investigators considered mirabegron to be an effective treatment for 842 of 1082 (77.8%) patients. Significant decreases in OABSS were reported throughout (P < 0.001), and 321 (65.1%) patients achieved a minimal clinically important change (MCIC) in OABSS. Most patients who achieved an MCIC within ≤1 year continued to maintain an MCIC throughout the study. Treatment persistence rates after 1, 2, and 3 years of mirabegron treatment were 65.8%, 52.9%, and 46.7%, respectively.ConclusionOver 3 years, mirabegron was well tolerated and no cumulative events or delayed ADRs were observed. Mirabegron was an effective treatment with early improvements in OABSS being maintained throughout the treatment period. High persistence was observed after the use of mirabegron.
Solow meets Stone–Geary: Technological progress and the demographic transition
Authors: Nakamura Tamotsu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a simple yet useful framework to analyze the interactions between population growth and economic development to account for the demographic transition. The nonmonotonic relationship is derived from two key factors: Stone–Geary preferences and increasing child‐raising costs. Increase in income raises fertility through the income effect but reduces it through the substitution of the children by consumption due to increased child‐raising costs. When households are poor, fertility increases with income because the income effect is dominant due to Stone–Geary preferences. When, in contrast, they are rich enough, fertility decreases with income because the substitution effect is dominant. While the population growth rate is constant in the Solow growth model, it changes endogenously in our model. Consequently, it produces rich dynamics of income and population depending on the speed of technological progress.
Automated Pixel‐Level Pavement Crack Detection on 3D Asphalt Surfaces with a Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Allen , Wang Kelvin C. P. , Fei Yue , Liu Yang , Chen Cheng , Yang Guangwei , Li Joshua Q. , Yang Enhui , Qiu Shi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA recurrent neural network (RNN) called CrackNet‐R is proposed in the article for fully automated pixel‐level crack detection on three‐dimensional (3D) asphalt pavement surfaces. In the article, a new recurrent unit, gated recurrent multilayer perceptron (GRMLP), is proposed to recursively update the internal memory of CrackNet‐R. Unlike the widely used long short‐term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), GRMLP is intended for deeper abstractions on the inputs and hidden states by conducting multilayer nonlinear transforms at gating units. CrackNet‐R implements a two‐phase sequence processing: sequence generation and sequence modeling. Sequence generation is specifically developed in the study to find the best local paths that are most likely to form crack patterns. Sequence modeling predicts timely probabilities of the input sequence being a crack pattern. In terms of sequence modeling, GRMLP slightly outperforms LSTM and GRU by using only one more nonlinear layer at each gate. In addition to sequence processing, an output layer is proposed to produce pixel probabilities based on timely probabilities predicted for sequences. The proposed output layer is critical for pixel‐perfect accuracy, as it accomplishes the transition from sequence‐level learning to pixel‐level learning. Using 3,000 diverse 3D images, the training of CrackNet‐R is completed through optimizing sequence modeling, sequence generation, and the output layer serially. The experiment using 500 testing pavement images shows that CrackNet‐R can achieve high Precision (88.89%), Recall (95.00%), and F‐measure (91.84%) simultaneously. Compared with the original CrackNet, CrackNet‐R is about four times faster and introduces tangible improvements in detection accuracy.
G1 and S phase arrest in Candida albicans induces filamentous growth via distinct mechanisms
Authors: Chen Cuilan , Zeng Guisheng , Wang Yue 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCandida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen. In immunocompromised individuals, it can cause bloodstream infections with high mortality rates. The ability to switch between yeast and hyphal morphologies is a critical virulence factor of C. albicans. In response to diverse environmental cues, several signaling pathways are activated resulting in filamentous growth. Interestingly, cell cycle arrest can also trigger filamentous growth although the pathways involved are not well‐understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cAMP‐PKA pathway is involved in the filamentous growth caused by G1 arrest due to the depletion of the G1 cyclin Cln3 and S phase arrest due to hydroxyurea treatment. The downstream mechanisms involved in filamentation are different between the two cell cycle arrest phenomena. Cln3‐depleted cells require HGC1 and UME6 for filamentous growth, but hydroxyurea‐induced filamentation does not. Also, the hyphal repressor Nrg1 is not involved in the suppression of Cln3‐depletion and hydroxyurea‐induced filamentous growth. The findings highlight the complexity of the signaling networks that control filamentous growth in which different mechanisms downstream of the cAMP‐PKA pathway are activated based on the nature of the inducing signals.
A neglected alliance in battles against parasitic plants: arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses alleviate damage to a legume host by root hemiparasitic Pedicularis species
Authors: Sui Xiao‐Lin , Zhang Ting , Tian Yu‐Qing , Xue Rui‐Juan , Li Ai‐Rong 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Despite their ubiquitous distribution and significant ecological roles, soil microorganisms have long been neglected in investigations addressing parasitic plant–host interactions. Because nutrient deprivation is a primary cause of host damage by parasitic plants, we hypothesized that beneficial soil microorganisms conferring nutrient benefits to parasitized hosts may play important roles in alleviating damage.

We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to test the inoculation effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae), a rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum) and their interactive effects, on alleviation of damage to a legume host (Trifolium repens) by two root hemiparasitic plants with different nutrient requirements (N‐demanding Pedicularis rex and P‐demanding P. tricolor).

Strong interactive effects between inoculation regimes and hemiparasite identity were observed. The relative benefits of microbial inoculation were related to hemiparasite nutrient requirements. Dual inoculation with the rhizobium strongly enhanced promotional arbuscular mycorrhizal effects on hosts parasitized by P. rex, but reduced the arbuscular mycorrhizal promotion on hosts parasitized by P. tricolor.

Our results demonstrate substantial contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses to alleviating damage to the legume host by root hemiparasites, and suggest that soil microorganisms are critical factors regulating host–parasite interactions and should be taken into account in future studies.
A systematic review of the vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine triad across body mass index
Authors: Wiebe N. , Field C. J. , Tonelli M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveMultiple studies have explored the association between serum or plasma vitamin B12 status and obesity, in part because of the relationship between elevated homocysteine concentrations and atherosclerosis. This review will address the inconsistent finding of these studies with the objective of determining whether vitamin B12 concentrations are lower in people with higher body mass indices.DesignMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to February 2017. Observational studies in general and clinical populations comparing serum/plasma B12 concentrations across groups of different body mass indices were selected. We did network and pairwise meta‐analyses of serum/plasma B12, folate and homocysteine using frequentist techniques. Evidence‐based items potentially indicating risk of bias were assessed.ResultsOf 844 citations, we identified 19 eligible observational studies with 7,055 participants. The overall network, while showing no significant inconsistency between indirect and direct comparisons (P = 0.34), was qualitatively inconsistent. Based on the results of the meta‐regression, in an exploratory sub‐network meta‐analysis where obesity groups were combined, we excluded disease‐specific populations and studies with inadequate description of populations. The direction of the indirect and direct evidence was consistent. The pairwise results from this sub‐network showed lower levels of B12 in people with higher body mass indices: obesity versus control difference in means (MD) −56 pmol L−1 (95% CI −90, −23), obesity versus overweight MD −21 pmol L−1 (95% CI −37, −5) and overweight versus control MD −51 pmol L−1 (95% CI −51, −24). Heterogeneity remained very large for most comparisons, and all the studies carried a high risk for bias.ConclusionsThis review did not establish an inverse association (or J‐curve) between serum or plasma B12 concentrations and body mass index, but the direct pairwise evidence is consistent with an inverse association and supports further investigation.
Dental imaging of trabecular bone structure for systemic disorder screening: A systematic review
Authors: Pachêco‐Pereira Camila , Almeida Fabiana T. , Chavda Suraj , Major Paul W. , Leite Andre , Guerra Eliete N.S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the potential use of dental imaging assessment of trabecular bone structure in the maxillomandibular complex as an adjuvant screening tool to identify systemic disorders. Five electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Studies were included if they investigated subjects with altered trabecular bone determined by dental radiographs. The QUADAS‐2 assessed the risk of bias (RoB) among the studies, while the GRADE determined the strength of evidence. A total of 14 studies that included 1,466 individuals were considered eligible for the qualitative analysis. All studies presented an overall low RoB and low concern regarding applicability. Systemic disorders such as osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, diabetes, and primary hyperparathyroidism, with their respective control groups, were analyzed among the included studies. Osteoporosis was the condition presenting the most significant results, and 72% of the studies detected changes in the maxillomandibular trabecular bone structure. Studies exploring diabetic edentulous patients found less dense trabecular bone pattern (p < 0.05). In summary, periapical and panoramic radiographs, computed tomography, and cone beam computed tomography imaging could be considered useful for the assessment of the mandibular trabecular bone structure of patients affected by osteoporosis and patients with diabetes.
Ventricular arrhythmias involving the His‐Purkinje system in the structurally abnormal heart
Authors: He Beixin Julie , Boyden Penelope , Scheinman Melvin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHis‐Purkinje‐related ventricular arrhythmias are a subset of ventricular tachycardias that use the specialized cardiac conduction system. These arrhythmias can occur in various different forms of structural heart disease. Here, we review the basic science discoveries and their analogous clinical observations that implicate the His‐Purkinje system as a crucial component of the arrhythmia circuit. While mutations serve the molecular basis for arrhythmias in the heritable cardiomyopathies, transcriptional and posttranslational changes constitute the adverse remodeling leading to arrhythmias in acquired structural heart disease. Additional studies on the electrical properties of the His‐Purkinje network and its interactions with the surrounding myocardium will improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these arrhythmias.