bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight into the behaviour modifying activity of two natural sesquiterpenoids farnesol and nerolidol towards Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Wróblewska-Kurdyk Anna , Dancewicz Katarzyna , Gliszczyńska Anna , Gabryś Beata 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe effect of structurally related sesquiterpenoids (E,E)-farnesol and cis-nerolidol on the host-plant selection behaviour of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was evaluated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. No repellent effects of (E,E)-farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol to M. persicae were found but aphid probing activities on (E,E)-farnesol- and cis-nerolidol-treated plants were restrained. During non-phloem phases of probing, neither (E,E)-farnesol nor (Z)-nerolidol affected the cell puncture activity. On (E,E)-farnesol-treated plants, the total duration of phloem phase, the mean duration of individual sustained ingestion periods were significantly lower, and the proportion of phloem salivation was higher than on control plants. On (Z)-nerolidol-treated plants, the occurrence of the first phloem phase was delayed, and the frequency of the phloem phase was lower than on control plants. The freely moving aphids were reluctant to remain on (E,E)-farnesol- and (Z)-nerolidol-treated leaves for at least 24 h after exposure. (E,E)-Farnesol and (Z)-nerolidol show complementary deterrent properties, (E,E)-farnesol showing ingestive and post-ingestive activities and nerolidol showing pre-ingestive, ingestive, and post-ingestive deterrent activities.
Civilian Casualties, Humanitarian Aid, and Insurgent Violence in Civil Wars
Authors: Lyall Jason 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndiscriminate violence against civilians has long been viewed as a catalyst for new rounds of violence in civil wars. Can humanitarian assistance reduce violence after civilians have been harmed? Crossnational studies are pessimistic, drawing a connection between humanitarian aid and increased civil war violence, lethality, and duration. To date, however, we have few subnational studies of wartime aid and subsequent violence. To examine this relationship, I draw on the Afghan Civilian Assistance Program (ACAP II), a USAID-funded initiative that investigated 1,061 civilian casualty incidents (2011–13). Aid was assigned as if randomly to about half (55.8%) of these incidents, facilitating counterfactual estimation of how assistance affected Taliban attacks against the International Security Assistance Force, Afghan forces, and civilians. Challenging prior studies, I find that ACAP was associated with an average 23 percent reduction in attacks against ISAF, but not Afghan forces or civilians, at the village level for up to two years after the initial incident.
Timing of sub-lethal insecticide exposure determines parasite establishment success in an insect-helminth model
Authors: Dhakal Suraj , Meyling Nicolai Vitt , Pedersen Kathrine Eggers , Cedergreen Nina , Fredensborg Brian Lund 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnvironmental toxicants are pervasive in nature, but sub-lethal effects on non-target organisms and their parasites are often overlooked. Particularly, studies on terrestrial hosts and their parasites exposed to agricultural toxicants are lacking. Here, we studied the effect of sequence and timing of sub-lethal exposures of the pyrethroid insecticide alpha-cypermethrin on parasite establishment using the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta and its intermediate insect host Tenebrio molitor as a model system. We exposed T. molitor to alpha-cypermethrin (LD20) before and after experimental H. diminuta infection and measured the establishment success of larval tapeworms. Also, we conducted in vitro studies quantifying the direct effect of the insecticide on parasite viability. Our results showed that there was no direct lethal effect of alpha-cypermethrin on H. diminuta cysticercoids at relevant concentrations (LD10 to LD90 of the intermediate host). However, we observed a significantly increased establishment of H. diminuta in beetles exposed to alpha-cypermethrin (LD20) after parasite infection. In contrast, parasite establishment was significantly lower in beetles exposed to the insecticide before parasite infection. Thus, our results indicate that environmental toxicants potentially impact host-parasite interactions in terrestrial systems, but that the outcome is context-dependent by enhancing or reducing parasite establishment depending on timing and sequence of exposure.
A Plasmodium falciparum C-mannosyltransferase is dispensable for parasite asexual blood stage development
Authors: López-Gutiérrez Borja , Cova Marta , Izquierdo Luis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractC-mannosylation was recently identified in the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) from Plasmodium falciparum salivary gland sporozoites. A candidate P. falciparum C-mannosyltransferase (PfDPY-19) was demonstrated to modify thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) domains in vitro, exhibiting a different acceptor specificity than their mammalian counterparts. According to the described minimal acceptor of PfDPY19, several TSR domain-containing proteins of P. falciparum could be C-mannosylated in vivo. However, the relevance of this protein modification for the parasite viability remains unknown. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate a PfDPY19 null mutant, demonstrating that this glycosyltransferase is not essential for the asexual blood development of the parasite. PfDPY19 gene disruption was not associated with a growth phenotype, not even under endoplasmic reticulum-stressing conditions that could impair protein folding. The data presented in this work strongly suggest that PfDPY19 is unlikely to play a critical role in the asexual blood stages of the parasite, at least under in vitro conditions.
Unraveling the genetic architecture of major depressive disorder: merits and pitfalls of the approaches used in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Schwabe I. , Milaneschi Y. , Gerring Z. , Sullivan P. F. , Schulte E. , Suppli N. P. , Thorp J. G. , Derks E. M. , Middeldorp C. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo identify genetic risk loci for major depressive disorder (MDD), two broad study design approaches have been applied: (1) to maximize sample size by combining data from different phenotype assessment modalities (e.g. clinical interview, self-report questionnaires) and (2) to reduce phenotypic heterogeneity through selecting more homogenous MDD subtypes. The value of these strategies has been debated. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings of large genomic studies that applied these approaches, and we highlight the merits and pitfalls of both approaches with particular attention to methodological and psychometric issues. We also discuss the results of analyses that investigated the heterogeneity of MDD. We conclude that both study designs are essential for further research. So far, increasing sample size has led to the identification of a relatively high number of genomic loci linked to depression. However, part of the identified variants may be related to a phenotype common to internalizing disorders and related traits. As such, samples containing detailed clinical information are needed to dissect depression heterogeneity and enable the potential identification of variants specific to a more restricted MDD phenotype. A balanced portfolio reconciling both study design approaches is the optimal approach to progress further in unraveling the genetic architecture of depression.
TWO-ECHELON PRODUCTION INVENTORY SYSTEMS WITH STRATEGIC CUSTOMERS
Authors: Zare Ata G. , Abouee-Mehrizi Hossein , Berman Oded 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider a two-echelon production inventory system with a manufacturer having limited production capacity and a distribution center (DC). There is a positive transportation time between the manufacturer and the DC. Customers gain a value by receiving the product and incur a waiting cost when facing a delay. We assume that customers' waiting cost depends on their degree of impatience with respect to delay, which is captured by a convex waiting cost function. Customers are strategic with respect to joining the system and either place an order or balk from the system upon their arrival depending on their expected waiting time. We study the Stackelberg equilibrium assuming that the DC acts as a Stackelberg leader and customers are the followers. We first obtain the total expected revenue and then provide a heuristic to derive the optimal base-stock levels in the warehouse and the DC as well as the optimal price of the product.
Methods for generating hypotheses in human enteric illness outbreak investigations: a scoping review of the evidence
Authors: Ickert C. , Cheng J. , Reimer D. , Greig J. , Hexemer A. , Kershaw T. , Waddell L. , Mascarenhas M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnteric illness outbreaks are complex events, therefore, outbreak investigators use many different hypothesis generation methods depending on the situation. This scoping review was conducted to describe methods used to generate a hypothesis during enteric illness outbreak investigations. The search included five databases and grey literature for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 2 May 2015. Relevance screening and article characterisation were conducted by two independent reviewers using pretested forms. There were 903 outbreaks that described hypothesis generation methods and 33 papers which focused on the evaluation of hypothesis generation methods. Common hypothesis generation methods described are analytic studies (64.8%), descriptive epidemiology (33.7%), food or environmental sampling (32.8%) and facility inspections (27.9%). The least common methods included the use of a single interviewer (0.4%) and investigation of outliers (0.4%). Most studies reported using two or more methods to generate hypotheses (81.2%), with 29.2% of studies reporting using four or more. The use of multiple different hypothesis generation methods both within and between outbreaks highlights the complexity of enteric illness outbreak investigations. Future research should examine the effectiveness of each method and the contexts for which each is most effective in efficiently leading to source identification.
Malnutrition inequalities in Ecuador: differences by wealth, education level and ethnicity
Authors: Ramírez-Luzuriaga María J , Belmont Philippe , Waters William F , Freire Wilma B 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:To describe and quantify the magnitude and distribution of stunting, wasting, anaemia, overweight and obesity by wealth, level of education and ethnicity in Ecuador.Design:We used nationally representative data from the 2012 Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey. We used the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) as a proxy of wealth. The MPI identifies deprivations across three dimensions (health, education and standard of living). We defined education by years of schooling and ethnicity as a social construct, based on shared social, cultural and historical experiences, using Ecuadorian census categories.Setting:Urban and rural Ecuador, including the Amazon rainforest and the Galapagos Islands.Participants:Children aged <5 years (n 8580), adolescent women aged 11–19 years (n 4043) and adult women aged 20–49 years (n 15 203).Results:Among children <5 years, stunting and anaemia disproportionately affected low-wealth, low-education and indigenous groups. Among adolescent and adult women, higher rates of stunting, overweight and obesity were observed in the low-education and low-wealth groups. Stunting and short stature rates were higher in indigenous women, whereas overweight and obesity rates were higher in Afro-Ecuadorian women.Conclusions:Malnutrition differs significantly across sociodemographic groups, disproportionately affecting those in the low wealth tertile and ethnic minorities. Rates of stunting remain high compared with other countries in the region with similar economic development. The effective implementation of double-duty actions with the potential to impact both sides of the double burden is urgently required.
RIGIDITY FOR RIGID ANALYTIC MOTIVES
Authors: Bambozzi Federico , Vezzani Alberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper we prove the Rigidity Theorem for motives of rigid analytic varieties over a non-Archimedean valued field $K$. We prove this theorem both for motives with transfers and without transfers in a relative setting. Applications include the construction of étale realization functors, an upgrade of the known comparison between motives with and without transfers and an upgrade of the rigid analytic motivic tilting equivalence, extending them to $\mathbb{Z}[1/p]$-coefficients.
Near-field to far-field transformation applied to UHF antennas over lossy ground
Authors: Bourey Nicolas , Darces Muriel , Chatelon Yves , Hélier Marc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with a near-field to far-field transformation able to predict the radiation of UHF antennas located over a lossy ground. From in-situ near-field measurements, an equivalent set of dipole sources is obtained as a model of the characterized antenna. The paper details the main steps of the transformation and describes the specific experimental set-up designed for the application. Simple directional antennas (monopoles array) as well as more complex omnidirectional antennas (like a biconical antenna as a scaled-down model of a HF antenna) have been tested in realistic environments. This approach is very efficient for separating the contributions of the radiated waves: the sky wave and the surface wave.
Sibling Comparison Designs: Addressing Confounding Bias with Inclusion of Measured Confounders
Authors: Saunders Gretchen R. B. , McGue Matt , Malone Stephen M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenetically informative research designs are becoming increasingly popular as a way to strengthen causal inference with their ability to control for genetic and shared environmental confounding. Co-twin control (CTC) models, a special case of these designs using twin samples, decompose the overall effect of exposure on outcome into a within- and between-twin-pair term. Ideally, the within-twin-pair term would serve as an estimate of the exposure effect controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors, but it is often confounded by factors not shared within a twin-pair. Previous simulation work has shown that if twins are less similar on an unmeasured confounder than they are on an exposure, the within-twin-pair estimate will be a biased estimate of the exposure effect, even more biased than the individual, unpaired estimate. The current study uses simulation and analytical derivations to show that while incorporating a covariate related to the nonshared confounder in CTC models always reduces bias in the within-pair estimate, it will be less biased than the individual estimate only in a narrow set of circumstances. The best case for bias reduction in the within-pair estimate occurs when the within-twin-pair correlation in exposure is less than the correlation in the confounder and the twin-pair correlation in the covariate is high. Additionally, the form of covariate inclusion is compared between adjustment for only one’s own covariate value and adjustment for the deviation of one’s own value from the covariate twin-pair mean. Results show that adjusting for the deviation from the twin-pair mean results in equal or reduced bias.
Dome patterns in pelagic size spectra reveal strong trophic cascades
Authors: Rossberg Axel G. , Gaedke Ursula , Kratina Pavel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn ecological communities, especially the pelagic zones of aquatic ecosystems, certain body-size ranges are often over-represented compared to others. Community size spectra, the distributions of community biomass over the logarithmic body-mass axis, tend to exhibit regularly spaced local maxima, called “domes”, separated by steep troughs. Contrasting established theory, we explain these dome patterns as manifestations of top-down trophic cascades along aquatic food chains. Compiling high quality size-spectrum data and comparing these with a size-spectrum model introduced in this study, we test this theory and develop a detailed picture of the mechanisms by which bottom-up and top-down effects interact to generate dome patterns. Results imply that strong top-down trophic cascades are common in freshwater communities, much more than hitherto demonstrated, and may arise in nutrient rich marine systems as well. Transferring insights from the general theory of non-linear pattern formation to domes patterns, we provide new interpretations of past lake-manipulation experiments.
TFF3 interacts with LINGO2 to regulate EGFR activation for protection against colitis and gastrointestinal helminths
Authors: Belle Nicole Maloney , Ji Yingbiao , Herbine Karl , Wei Yun , Park JoonHyung , Zullo Kelly , Hung Li-Yin , Srivatsa Sriram , Young Tanner , Oniskey Taylor , Pastore Christopher , Nieves Wildaliz , Somsouk Ma , Herbert De’Broski R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntestinal epithelial cells (IEC) have important functions in nutrient absorption, barrier integrity, regeneration, pathogen-sensing, and mucus secretion. Goblet cells are a specialized cell type of IEC that secrete Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) to regulate mucus viscosity and wound healing, but whether TFF3-responsiveness requires a receptor is unclear. Here, we show that leucine rich repeat receptor and nogo-interacting protein 2 (LINGO2) is essential for TFF3-mediated functions. LINGO2 immunoprecipitates with TFF3, co-localizes with TFF3 on the cell membrane of IEC, and allows TFF3 to block apoptosis. We further show that TFF3-LINGO2 interactions disrupt EGFR-LINGO2 complexes resulting in enhanced EGFR signaling. Excessive basal EGFR activation in Lingo2 deficient mice increases disease severity during colitis and augments immunity against helminth infection. Conversely, TFF3 deficiency reduces helminth immunity. Thus, TFF3-LINGO2 interactions de-repress inhibitory LINGO2-EGFR complexes, allowing TFF3 to drive wound healing and immunity.
Catalytic production of impurity-free V3.5+ electrolyte for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Heo Jiyun , Han Jae-Yun , Kim Soohyun , Yuk Seongmin , Choi Chanyong , Kim Riyul , Lee Ju-Hyuk , Klassen Andy , Ryi Shin-Kun , Kim Hee-Tak 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe vanadium redox flow battery is considered one of the most promising candidates for use in large-scale energy storage systems. However, its commercialization has been hindered due to the high manufacturing cost of the vanadium electrolyte, which is currently prepared using a costly electrolysis method with limited productivity. In this work, we present a simpler method for chemical production of impurity-free V3.5+ electrolyte by utilizing formic acid as a reducing agent and Pt/C as a catalyst. With the catalytic reduction of V4+ electrolyte, a high quality V3.5+ electrolyte was successfully produced and excellent cell performance was achieved. Based on the result, a prototype catalytic reactor employing Pt/C-decorated carbon felt was designed, and high-speed, continuous production of V3.5+ electrolyte in this manner was demonstrated with the reactor. This invention offers a simple but practical strategy to reduce the production cost of V3.5+ electrolyte while retaining quality that is adequate for high-performance operations.
New flow relaxation mechanism explains scour fields at the end of submarine channels
Authors: Pohl F. , Eggenhuisen J. T. , Tilston M. , Cartigny M. J. B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractParticle-laden gravity flows, called turbidity currents, flow through river-like channels across the ocean floor. These submarine channels funnel sediment, nutrients, pollutants and organic carbon into ocean basins and can extend for over 1000’s of kilometers. Upon reaching the end of these channels, flows lose their confinement, decelerate, and deposit their sediment load; this is what we read in textbooks. However, sea floor observations have shown the opposite: turbidity currents tend to erode the seafloor upon losing confinement. Here we use a state-of-the-art scaling method to produce the first experimental turbidity currents that erode upon leaving a channel. The experiments reveal a novel flow mechanism, here called flow relaxation, that explains this erosion. Flow relaxation is rapid flow deformation resulting from the loss of confinement, which enhances basal shearing of the turbidity current and leads to scouring. This flow mechanism plays a key role in the propagation of submarine channel systems.
Multiphoton quantum-state engineering using conditional measurements
Authors: Magaña-Loaiza Omar S. , León-Montiel Roberto de J. , Perez-Leija Armando , U’Ren Alfred B. , You Chenglong , Busch Kurt , Lita Adriana E. , Nam Sae Woo , Mirin Richard P. , Gerrits Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation predicts characteristic statistical fluctuations for light sources as diverse as sunlight, laser radiation, and molecule fluorescence. Indeed, these underlying statistical fluctuations of light are associated with the fundamental physical processes behind their generation. In this contribution, we experimentally demonstrate that the manipulation of the quantum electromagnetic fluctuations of two-mode squeezed vacuum states leads to a family of quantum-correlated multiphoton states with tunable mean photon numbers and degree of correlation. Our technique relies on the use of conditional measurements to engineer the excitation mode of the field through the simultaneous subtraction of photons from two-mode squeezed vacuum states. The experimental generation of nonclassical multiphoton states by means of photon subtraction unveils novel mechanisms to control fundamental properties of light. As a remarkable example, we demonstrate the engineering of a quantum state of light with up to ten photons, exhibiting nearly Poissonian photon statistics, that constitutes an important step towards the generation of entangled lasers. Our technique enables a robust protocol to prepare quantum states with multiple photons in high-dimensional spaces and, as such, it constitutes a novel platform for exploring quantum phenomena in mesoscopic systems.
Plasma Aβ42 and Total Tau Predict Cognitive Decline in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chen Ting-Bin , Lee Yi-Jung , Lin Szu-Ying , Chen Jun-Peng , Hu Chaur-Jong , Wang Pei-Ning , Cheng Irene H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLevels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau peptides in brain have been associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). The current study investigated the abilities of plasma Aβ42 and total-tau (t-tau) levels in predicting cognitive decline in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma Aβ42 and t-tau levels were quantified in 22 participants with amnestic MCI through immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay at baseline. The cognitive performance of participants was measured through neuropsychological tests at baseline and annual follow-up (average follow-up period of 1.5 years). The predictive value of plasma Aβ42 and t-tau for cognitive status was evaluated. We found that higher levels of Aβ42 and t-tau are associated with lower episodic verbal memory performance at baseline and cognitive decline over the course of follow-up. While Aβ42 or t-tau alone had moderate-to-high discriminatory value in the identification of future cognitive decline, the product of Aβ42 and t-tau offered greater differential value. These preliminary results might suggest that high levels of plasma Aβ42 and t-tau in amnestic MCI are associated with later cognitive decline. A further replication with a larger sample over a longer time period to validate and determine their long-term predictive value is warranted.