bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abrupt rise in the contribution of CH4‐derived carbon to benthic secondary production of a shallow hemiboreal/boreal lake
Authors: Belle Simon , Tõnno Ilmar , Stivrins Normunds , Freiberg Rene , Veski Siim 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding long‐term carbon flows through aquatic food webs is essential to assess impact of climatic and environmental changes on lake ecosystems. We reconstructed temporal changes in carbon sources fuelling chironomid biomass in a small and shallow hemiboreal/boreal lake over the last 11 000 years. Results were compared with temporal dynamics of known potential controlling factors: summer air temperature, human activities, phytoplankton assemblages and organic matter composition. We report an abrupt rise in the contribution of methane‐derived carbon to chironomid biomass. However, this sudden increase was not the consequence of drastic changes in the composition of sedimentary organic matter, mean air temperature, lake trophic state or human activities in the catchment area. Our results suggest that shallowing of the lake caused by sedimentary infilling processes was a possible driver of the expansion of anoxic zones, enhancing CH4 cycling in lake sediments. However, complementary studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which lake shallowing could affect carbon flows to aquatic consumers, and then better assess the natural dynamics of past carbon processing in the benthic food web of shallow lakes.
Evaluating sulfates and nitrates as enemies of the recent constructions: Spectroscopic and thermodynamical study
Authors: Morillas Héctor , Upasen Settakorn , Maguregui Maite , Marcaida Iker , Gallego‐Cartagena Euler , Oliveira Marcos L.S. , Silva Luis F.O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSalt crystallization is one of the major problems currently faced by the field of architecture and construction. Its effects are devastating to the extent that they may even lead to loss of material. Although many innovative and resistant materials have been developed in the last years, in most of the constructions, salt crystallization is a persistent problem. Salts crystallizations are formed by the dissolution and subsequent precipitation of the soluble salts present in the material itself or due to the formation of new ones because of the reaction between original components of the building materials with salts coming from infiltration waters or with acid aerosols present in the atmosphere. Among others, some of the most common salts that can crystallize in the building materials are nitrates and sulfates. Both of them are soluble compounds, which can mobilize throughout the material easily, reprecipitate, and generate volume changes responsible for fissures, fractures, and even the loss of building material. In this work, a specific study of salts crystallizations in a recent construction erected in 2013 in Amorebieta (Basque Country, North of Spain) using a different kind of materials has been studied. The materials affected by salts are joint mortars, which in a first step were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Raman microscopy to determine the mineralogical composition. In a second step, a soluble salts tests by ion chromatography was applied to approach quantitatively the impact of the salts. Finally, in a third step, the reactions that give rise to the decay products (thenardite, nitrocalcite, and/or epsomite mainly) were proposed and confirmed through a thermodynamic modelling.
High‐quality direct‐view display combining multiple integral 3D images
Authors: Okaichi Naoto , Kawakita Masahiro , Sasaki Hisayuki , Watanabe Hayato , Mishina Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for combining multiple integral three‐dimensional (3D) images using direct‐view displays to obtain high‐quality results. A multi‐image combining optical system (MICOS) is used to enlarge and combine multiple integral 3D images without gaps. An optical design with a simple lens configuration that does not require a diffuser plate prevents the deterioration in resolution resulting from lens arrangement errors and the diffuser plate. An experiment was performed to compare a previously developed method with the proposed method, and the latter showed a significant improvement in image quality. A method for expanding the effective viewing angle of the proposed optical design was also developed, and its effectiveness was confirmed experimentally. A prototype device of the proposed optical design was constructed using a high‐density organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) panel with 8K resolution and 1058 ppi pixel density to achieve 311 (H) × 175 (V) elemental images, a viewing angle of 20.6° in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and a display size of 9.1 in. In addition, the proposed optical design enabled making device considerably thinner, ie, with a thickness of only 47 mm.
Endoscopic endonasal resection of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract and skull base
Authors: Volpi Luca , Bignami Maurizio , Lepera Davide , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Pistochini Andrea , Ottini Giorgia , Grigioni Elena , Lombardi Davide , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a locally aggressive salivary gland malignancy prone to perineural invasion and local recurrences. In the literature, few data exist to guide treatment when this tumor involves the paranasal sinuses and skull base. We report our experience in the management of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma through an endoscopic endonasal approach.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients affected by sinonasal ACC treated through an endoscopic endonasal approach from 1997 to 2015, managed at the Universities of Varese and Brescia, Italy.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included in the analysis. The ethmoid sinus (55.9%), nasal septum (17.7%), maxillary sinus (11.7%), and sphenoid sinus (5.9%) were the primary tumor sites encountered. Twenty patients (58.8%) presented with T3 or T4, without any systemic spreading. Twenty‐nine patients underwent endoscopic transnasal resection, whereas the involvement of the anterior skull base in five cases required a transnasal endoscopic craniectomy. Overall, 20 of 34 (58.8%) patients received some form of adjuvant radiotherapy. The follow‐up ranged from 12 to 202 months (mean of 73.2 months). The 5‐year overall, disease‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival rates were 86.5% ± 7.39%, 86.5% ± 7.39%, and 71.8% ± 8.67%, respectively.ConclusionsThe endoscopic approach is safe and effective for selected sinonasal ACC, reducing the comorbidities of the external approaches while producing similar oncological results. High T‐stage, grade III histology, positive surgical margins, and perineural infiltration all have an important negative prognostic value.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:1071–1077, 2019
Nimodipine improves vocal fold and facial motion recovery after injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin R. Jun , Klein‐Fedyshin Michele , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionNimodipine is a calcium channel blocker that has been used to treat hypertension and vasospasm. Emerging evidence in the literature suggests that it is neuroprotective by reducing cellular apoptosis after neuronal injury and promoting axonal sprouting at the nodes of Ranvier.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of the usage of nimodipine in cranial nerve injury and to perform a meta‐analysis to estimate the efficacy of nimodipine on functional recovery of the injured cranial nerves.MethodsLiterature search was performed in eight databases using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Human studies that used nimodipine as a monotherapy for treating cranial nerve injury were included for review. Cranial nerve function recovery was the primary outcome measure.Results672 records were screened and 58 full texts in English were assessed. Nine studies were included in the final review. 5 of these, including 110 participants who received nimodipine for either recurrent laryngeal nerve or facial nerve injury and 556 controls, were used for meta‐analysis. Nimodipine significantly increased the odds of vocal fold motion recovery (odds ratio [OR] 13.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.21, 30.38, P < .01), and the odds of facial motion recovery (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.20, 6.44, P = .02). Overall, nimodipine‐treated patients had significantly higher odds of recovering vocal fold or facial motion compared with controls (OR 6.09, 95% CI 3.41, 10.87, P < .01).ConclusionExisting evidence supports the positive effect of nimodipine on vocal fold and facial motion recovery after injury. Future research should focus on randomized clinical trials comparing recovery rates between nimodipine‐ and placebo‐treated groups. Laryngoscope, 129:943–951, 2019
Technical Note: More accurate and efficient segmentation of organs‐at‐risk in radiotherapy with convolutional neural networks cascades
Authors: Men Kuo , Geng Huaizhi , Cheng Chingyun , Zhong Haoyu , Huang Mi , Fan Yong , Plastaras John P. , Lin Alexander , Xiao Ying 
Published: November 2018

PurposeManual delineation of organs‐at‐risk (OARs) in radiotherapy is both time‐consuming and subjective. Automated and more accurate segmentation is of the utmost importance in clinical application. The purpose of this study is to further improve the segmentation accuracy and efficiency with a novel network named convolutional neural networks (CNN) Cascades.MethodsCNN Cascades was a two‐step, coarse‐to‐fine approach that consisted of a simple region detector (SRD) and a fine segmentation unit (FSU). The SRD first used a relative shallow network to define the region of interest (ROI) where the organ was located, and then, the FSU took the smaller ROI as input and adopted a deep network for fine segmentation. The imaging data (14,651 slices) of 100 head‐and‐neck patients with segmentations were used for this study. The performance was compared with the state‐of‐the‐art single CNN in terms of accuracy with metrics of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) values.ResultsThe proposed CNN Cascades outperformed the single CNN on accuracy for each OAR. Similarly, for the average of all OARs, it was also the best with mean DSC of 0.90 (SRD: 0.86, FSU: 0.87, and U‐Net: 0.85) and the mean HD of 3.0 mm (SRD: 4.0, FSU: 3.6, and U‐Net: 4.4). Meanwhile, the CNN Cascades reduced the mean segmentation time per patient by 48% (FSU) and 5% (U‐Net), respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed two‐step network demonstrated superior performance by reducing the input region. This potentially can be an effective segmentation method that provides accurate and consistent delineation with reduced clinician interventions for clinical applications as well as for quality assurance of a multicenter clinical trial.
Protein Provision in Critically Ill Adults Requiring Enteral Nutrition: Are Guidelines Being Met?
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra , Clemente Rowan , Downer Claire , Greer Frances , Allan Kaylee , Collinson Avril , Taylor Stephen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous audit, 81% of enteral protein prescriptions failed to meet protein guidelines. To address this, a very high‐protein enteral formula and protein supplements were introduced, and protein prescriptions were adjusted to account for nonnutrition energy sources displacing enteral formula. This follow‐up audit compared protein provision in critically ill adults requiring exclusive enteral nutrition (EN), first, with local and international guidelines, and second, after changes to practice, with the previous audit in the same intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsData were collected from 106 adults consecutively admitted to the ICU of a U.K. tertiary hospital and requiring exclusive EN ≥3 days. Protein targets based on local guidelines (1.25, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg/d), nutrition prescription, and delivery were recorded for 24 hours between days 1–3, 5–7, 8–10, and 18–20 post‐ICU admission.ResultsThe proportion of day 1–3 protein prescriptions meeting protein targets increased from 19% in 2015 to 69% in 2017 (P < .0005, φ = 0.50). The median percentage of protein target delivered was lower than prescribed (79% vs 103%; (P < .0005; r = 0.53) and EN delivery only met the target of 22% of patients. The proportion of protein prescriptions meeting protein targets was similar for days 1–3 (69%), 5–7 (71%), and 8–10 (68%), but increased slightly by days 18–20 (74%). The proportion of patients for which EN delivery met protein targets increased with the number of days post‐ICU admission (22%, 26%, 37%, and 53% for days 1–3, 5–7, 8–10, and 18–20, respectively).ConclusionThe proportion of protein prescriptions meeting guideline targets was higher after changes to practice.
A systematic mixed methods review: Recovering from a hip fracture in a health promoting perspective
Authors: Lind Johanne , Mahler Marianne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo describe and interpret how older adults who have returned home to recover from a hip fracture cope with life in a health promoting perspective.DesignData were collected through the search in seven electronic databases during 2014. Inclusion criteria were peer reviewed, empirical studies. The keywords were hip fracture, coping, empowerment, self‐efficacy, elderly, frail elderly, oldest old. Seventeen papers published 1991–2014 were eligible for inclusion. Analysis of the qualitative and quantitative papers was conducted separately guided by the key words coping, empowerment and self‐efficacy. Due to diversity of studies, a meta‐analysis was not performed. The findings were reported in a narrative synthesis.ResultsRecovery is an individual process of regaining health. It is important to include the person's resources and own goals in life. Physical training must be combined with psychosocial interventions to promote personal engagement and health.
Cyantraniliprole seed treatment efficiency against Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and residue concentrations in corn plants and soil
Authors: Zhang Zhengqun , Xu Chunmei , Ding Jinfeng , Zhao Yunhe , Lin Jin , Liu Feng , Mu Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon is the most destructive early season insect pest of corn. In this study, the control efficiency of cyantraniliprole seed treatment against A. ipsilon was evaluated, and the residual concentrations of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite J9Z38 in the stalks of corn seedlings and soil were investigated.RESULTSPlant pot experiments showed that A. ipsilon larval mortality was greater than 92% and that the percentage of corn seedlings damaged by A. ipsilon was less than 24% when corn seeds were treated with cyantraniliprole at 2 and 4 g AI kg−1 seed. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment at a dosage of 2 g AI kg−1 seed significantly reduced A. ipsilon infestation compared to chlorantraniliprole and clothianidin seed treatments in corn fields. Cyantraniliprole seed treatment resulted in more persistent control efficiency of A. ipsilon in spring than in summer. Cyantraniliprole and J9Z38 residues in corn stalks and soil degraded more slowly in the spring than in the summer.CONCLUSIONCyantraniliprole used as a seed treatment can protect corn plants from A. ipsilon infestations throughout the seedling stage. The high biological activity of cyantraniliprole was consistent with the residue levels of cyantraniliprole in the corn stalks and soil. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimizing aphid biocontrol with the predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza, based on biology and ecology
Authors: Boulanger François‐Xavier , Jandricic Sarah , Bolckmans Karel , Wäckers Felix L , Pekas Apostolos 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAphidoletes aphidimyza is one of the most important predators used in the augmentative biological control of aphids, key pests of many crops worldwide. Adult females are very efficient in locating aphid infestations over a relatively long range, up to 45 m, and deposit eggs near or within aphid colonies. The predatory larvae are aphid generalists preying on several agriculturally important aphid species. The successful use of this biocontrol agent in agricultural systems depends on several biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, aphid species, plant structure, interspecific competition and intraguild predation may significantly impact the predator´s population dynamics. Key abiotic conditions include day lengths (above a critical threshold to prevent diapause), availability of mating sites in the crop, temperature (above 15 °C to enable egg laying), air relative humidity (above 70%) and availability of pupation sites. Although several successes have been reported in open field crops with naturally occurring or released populations, commercial releases are primarily used in protected crops. Optimized emergence boxes combining provisioning of food sources for the adults, integration with the technological advances that occurred in the greenhouse environment lately, insights into the nutritional ecology in open field crops and exploration of the genetic variability are proposed as future directions to improve adoption and efficacy of A. aphidimyza in crop protection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Symmetry lowering by cage doping in spherical superatoms: Evaluation of electronic and optical properties of 18‐electron W@Au12Ptn (n = 0‐4) superatomic clusters from relativistic DFT calculations
Authors: Gam Franck , Arratia‐Perez Ramiro , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAttempts to expand the versatility of well defined clusters are a relevant issue in the design of building blocks for functional nanostructures. Here, we investigate the plausible formation of related structures from the emblematic highly symmetrical 18‐e [W@Au12] cluster. The calculated [W@Au12Ptn] series, with n = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, show cohesion energies, HOMO‐LUMO gap, adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) and adiabatic ionization potentials (AIPs), indicating a relative stability to the parent cluster [W@Au12] experimentally characterized, where clusters with n = 1 and n = 4 are suggested as the most stable with respect to oxidation. The resulting symmetry lowering away from the high icosahedral symmetry upon adding Pt atoms induces a sizable splitting of the frontiers shells, which in turn effectively modify the properties of the calculated clusters, as observed from calculated optical properties. The estimated absorption spectra show an interesting broadening effect of the absorption peaks, which appears as a useful approach for further design of broad black absorbers, which are able to absorb light in a wider range, with potential capabilities to enhance the efficiency of thin film solar cells and photocatalysis processes, among other applications.
Methyl sulfates as methoxy isotopic reference materials for δ13C and δ2H measurements
Authors: Greule Markus , Moossen Heiko , Geilmann Heike , Brand Willi A. , Keppler Frank 
Published: November 2018

RationaleStable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methoxy groups (OCH3) of plant organic matter have many potential applications in biogeochemical, atmospheric and food research. So far, most of the analyses of plant methoxy groups by isotope ratio mass spectrometry have employed liquid iodomethane (CH3I) as the reference material to normalise stable isotope measurements of these moieties to isotope–δ scales. However, comparisons of measurements of stable hydrogen and carbon isotopes of plant methoxy groups are still hindered by the lack of suitable reference materials.MethodsWe have investigated two methyl sulfate salts (HUBG1 and HUBG2), which exclusively contain carbon and hydrogen from one methoxy group, for their suitability as methoxy reference materials. Firstly, the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope values of the bulk compounds were calibrated against international reference substances by high‐temperature conversion‐ and elemental analyser isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HTC‐ and EA‐IRMS). In a second step these values were compared with values obtained by measurements using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) where prior to analysis the methoxy groups were converted into gaseous iodomethane.ResultsThe 2H‐ and 13C isotopic abundances of HUBG1 measured by HTC‐ and EA‐IRMS and expressed as δ‐values on the usual international scales are −144.5 ± 1.2 mUr (n = 30) and −50.31 ± 0.16 mUr (n = 14), respectively. For HUBG2 we obtained −102.0 ± 1.3 mUr (n = 32) and +1.60 ± 0.12 mUr (n = 16). Furthermore, the values obtained by GC/IRMS were in good agreement with the HTC‐ and EA‐IRMS values.ConclusionsWe suggest that both methyl sulfates are suitable reference materials for normalisation of isotope measurements of carbon of plant methoxy groups to isotope–δ scales and for inter‐laboratory calibration. For stable hydrogen isotope measurements, we suggest that in addition to HUBG1 and HUBG2 additional reference materials are required to cover the full range of plant methoxy groups reported so far.
Context‐aware hybrid satellite‐terrestrial broadband access
Authors: Ekmekcioglu Erhan , Evans Barry , Kondoz Ahmet , Thompson Paul , Ottavj Luc , Gamberini Fabrice , Watts Simon 
Published: November 2018

SummaryOne of the key performance targets on the European Commission's Digital Agenda is to provide at least 30‐Mbit/s broadband coverage to all European households by 2020. The deployment of existing terrestrial technologies will not be able to satisfy the requirements in the most difficult‐to‐serve locations, either due to a lack of coverage in areas where the revenue potential for terrestrial service providers is too low or due to technological limitations that diminish the available throughput in rural environments. In this paper, we investigate a hybrid broadband system combining satellite and terrestrial access networks. The system design and the key building blocks of the intelligent routing entities (referred to as intelligent gateways) are presented. To justify the hybrid broadband system's performance subjectively, lab trials have been performed with an integrated multiple access network emulator and a variety of typical multimedia applications that have varying requirements. The results of the lab trials suggest that the quality of experience is consistently improved thanks to the utilisation of intelligent gateway devices, when compared with using a single access network at a time.
Eco‐Friendly Production of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Sucrose Using Commercially Available Dihydric Phosphate as a Catalyst
Authors: Ma Hao , Liao Chunyan , Yang Ping , Qiao Yanhui , Li Ning , Teng Junjiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn eco‐friendly catalytic system consisted of dihydric phosphate (H2PO4—) catalyst and a methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)/H2O biphasic solvent has been constructed to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from sucrose, a cheaper and more widely available feedstock than fructose. The effects of reaction conditions, viz., catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time, on this dehydration reaction have been investigated systematically, affording more than 70% of HMF yield under the optimum conditions. This environmentally friendly system is also broadly substrate‐tolerant, high concentration of sucrose (86%), scalable catalytic system (scaled up 10 times), and sugarcane juice also give 62.5%, 70.1%, and 70.7% of HMF yield, respectively. Moreover, the function of H2PO4— containing system for isomerization of glucose into fructose has been confirmed; and the dehydration reaction has been proposed to proceed through the catalytic hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose by protons (H+), followed by the isomerization of glucose into fructose by hydrogen phosphate ions (HPO42−), and the dehydration of fructose into HMF by protons (H+), which are all from the dissociation of H2PO4— ions. Readily available and eco‐friendly catalyst, abundantly available feedstock, and simple reaction conditions could mark this process promising for HMF production in industry.