bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimativa da evapotranspiração diária baseada apenas em temperatura
Authors: Monteiro Jose Eduardo Boffino de Almeida , Cuadra Santiago Vianna , Oliveira Aryeverton Fortes de , Nakai Alan Massaru , Maciel Renato José Santos 
Published: January 2019

Alguns estudos agrometeorológicos dependem de séries de evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) longas e bem distribuídas no espaço, o que é inviabilizado pelo número limitado de estações e pelo curto histórico de monitoramento de variáveis como umidade, saldo de radiação e vento. Por outro lado, as séries de temperatura são mais numerosas e de maior duração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi calibrar um método de estimativa de ETo diária que utilize apenas dados de temperatura mínima e máxima, com uma calibração generalizada para as condições climáticas brasileiras. O método Penman-Monteith (FAO) foi utilizado como referência para análise, calculado a partir das séries de dados de estações meteorológicas automáticas de 11 localidades em condições climáticas distintas, ao longo de 3 anos consecutivos. Embora gere superestimativas para climas úmidos, o método de Hargreaves e Samani foi escolhido por apresentar sensibilidade mais adequada para a escala diária, e representar melhor a variabilidade temporal da ETo. A calibração dos coeficientes do método proposto teve como objetivo maximizar o coeficiente de determinação e minimizar os erros em relação ao método de referência. O método proposto apresentou coeficiente de determinação superior a 0,7 na maioria das localidades e erro 0,5mm d-1 em 42% dos dias analisados e 1mm d-1 em 69% dos dias analisados.
Componentes da produtividade da água modelados por sensoriamento remoto em limoeiros irrigados de Minas Gerais
Authors: Teixeira Antônio Heriberto de Castro , Reis João Batista Ribeiro da Silva , Leivas Janice Freitas , Silva Gustavo Bayma Siqueira da , Struiving Tiago Barbosa 
Published: January 2019

Objetivando subsidiar o manejo racional da cultura do limoeiro irrigado sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação e porta-enxertos, imagens Landsat 8 (L8) e dados climáticos foram usadas através do algoritmo SAFER, ao longo do ano de 2015, para a modelagem dos componentes da produtividade da água da cultura, no município de Matias Cardoso, Estado do Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil. Para os sistemas de irrigação localizada, micro aspersão e gotejamento, o período de maior consumo hídrico, com a evapotranspiração atual (ET) acima de 4,0 mm dia-1, foi da segunda quinzena de fevereiro à primeira quinzena de março, enquanto que para o sistema de irrigação por pivô, os máximos, com ET acima de 4,5 mm dia-1 aconteceram do final de outubro para o início de novembro. Considerando-se todas os sistemas de irrigação e porta-enxertos utilizados, a produtividade da água baseada na ET (PAET) média foi de 2,4 kg m-3. Os valores de coeficiente de cultua (Kc) variaram de acordo com as fases fenológicas consideradas na região de estudo, sendo de 1,01 e 0,97 para as duas floradas; de 1,04 e 0,80 nas duas fases de crescimento dos frutos; e de 0,88, 1,06 e de 0,72 nos três picos de colheita. Os resultados indicaram a possibilidade de economia de água no manejo de irrigação com manutenção da produtividade de limões
Condições agrometeorológicas para perfilhamento máximo da cultura de cana-de-açúcar em dois ambientes distintos de produção
Authors: Araújo Renã Moreira , Oliveira Ricardo Augusto de , Cuadra Santiago Vianna , Almeida Ivan Rodrigues de , Weber Heroldo 
Published: January 2019

Estudos que buscam compreender o comportamento dos genótipos de cana-de-açúcar em diferentes ambientes de produção possuem elevada importância, pois são informações úteis em diversas áreas de estudo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as condições de temperatura e radiação solar que a variedade comercial RB867515 necessitou para atingir o máximo número de perfilhos em dois ambientes distintos de produção, localizados ao sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e na região noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Foram utilizados dados de perfilhos de quatro experimentos realizados entre outubro de 2014 à abril de 2017. Utilizou-se 1,4 m de espaçamento entrelinhas no experimento 1 (RS) enquanto que nos outros experimentos (2, 3 e 4 - PR) foram de 1,5 m. Todos os plantios foram em toletes, com 10 cm de profundidade e distribuição média de 18 gemas por metro linear. Na contagem de perfilhos utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições em cada amostragem, ao longo dos dias após o plantio (DAP). Os dados meteorológicos usados foram temperatura média e radiação solar global. Os ambientes apresentaram diferentes tempos (DAP) para atingir o máximo número de perfilhos por metro linear; Os ambientes com maior incidência de radiação solar globlal e temperaturas mais elevadas na fase incial do ciclo atingiram valores mais elevados de máximo perfilhos; Os plantios de outubro atingiram valores mais altos de número máximo de perfilhos; O número máximo de perfilhos não indicou número elevado de colmos industrializáveis.Studies that understand the behavior of sugarcane genotypes in different production environments are of high importance, since they are useful information in several areas of study. The objective of this work was to analyze the temperature and solar radiation conditions that the commercial variety RB867515 needed to reach the maximum number of tillers in two distinct production environments, located to the south of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and in the northwest region of the State of Paraná. Were used tiller data from four experiments conducted between October 2014 and April 2017.
Persepsi masyarakat terhadap kemauan untuk mendaftar menjadi peserta mandiri jaminan kesehatan nasional (JKN)
Authors: Endartiwi Sri Sularsih 
Published: January 2019

Masyarakat masih enggan untuk mendaftar menjadi peserta BPJS mandiri dengan alasan faktor ekonomi, kurangnya informasi dan memang masih belum berminat untuk mendaftar menjadi peserta BPJS secara mandiri. Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptifÂ kualitatif. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa masyarakat berminat untuk mendaftar menjadi peserta. Faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat sehingga belum mendaftar menjadi peserta mandiri adalah ekonomi, pengaruh sosial masyarakat sekitar bahwa asuransi adalah riba, pelayanan bagi peserta yang diindikasikan terdapat diskriminasi dan pelayanan yang kurang memuaskan serta pengurusan persyaratan yang ribet. Masyarakat yang sudah mendaftar menjadi peserta mandiri menunjukkan adanya adverse selection.
Breast Feeding and Weight Loss Pattern in Term Neonates During First 72 Hours of Life: A Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Gupta Badri Kumar , Gupta Binod Kumar , Kaphle Raju , Shrestha Sandeep , Chaudhary Nagendra 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Healthy, full term, exclusively breastfed infants are expected to lose weight in the first days following birth. There are conflicting opinions about what constitutes a normal neonatal weight loss. This study was conducted to establish the reference weight loss pattern in exclusively breastfed neonates.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal for a period of 12 months. All babies delivered were recruited. Newborns with birthweight of > 2500 grams without any congenital anomalies and Apgar score >7/10 were finally included for analysis. Breast feeding was started as soon as possible and all newborns were fed within 6 hours of life. If breast feeding was not possible within first 2 hours of life, expressed breast milk (EBM) or formula feeding was initiated as recommended. Data was analyzed showing distribution and frequency of various parameters like initiation of breastfeeding, weight of babies at different time intervals and weight loss patterns.
Results: Out of 1000 babies subjected to analysis, majority were males (n= 517, 51.7%). The average time of initiation of breast feeding was less than 6 hours. The weight loss pattern in babies was 7.1% at 72 hours of life.
Conclusion: Breast feeding was initiated as soon as possible in all healthy term neonates. The average weight loss pattern in all term healthy newborns were almost similar.
Anterior Interhemispheric Approach in Craniopharyngiomas : Personal Experience of Operative Technique and Results
Authors: Chandra Jaideep , Shah Santosh 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Removal of intracranial supra-sellar masses continues to be a surgical challenge. Various approaches have been used by different authors with varying results. Anterior basal interhemispheric approach is most suitable with better results than other approaches for craniopharyngiomas
Materials and methods: Fifteen patients with large craniopharyngiomas having third ventricular and or retro or supra-sellar extensions or reaching the interpeduncular cisterns were operated by this approach, over a period of seven years since the first use of this approach at our institute. The data of patients opearated by this approach were then retrospectively analysed. There were eleven males and four females with five patients in the pediatric age group. Follow up range was from 2 to 83 months with a mean of 21.6 months.
Results: Total excision was achieved in seven (46.6%) and near total excision in another seven (46.6%), partial excision was done in only one (6.66%). Seven patients with total excision were disease free at mean follow up of 6.8 months. There was asymptomatic recurrence in two (13.33%) patient with near total excision at 11 and 63 months respectively and were given radiotherapy post-operatively. All patients were symptom free except one with diabetes insipidus (DI) and one mortality, and one with post operative visual deterioration.
Conclusion: Anterior basal interhemispheric approach is a useful alternative to other transcranial approaches in the management of the craniopharyngiomas. It has the advantage of being a midline approach and displays the tumour brain interface better.
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Chaudhary Shatdal , Rahi Altaban , Shah Anita , Shahi Aakash , Gupta Badri Kumar , Jaiswal Niraj Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophile gram-negative bacillus which is found mainly on the surface of mucous membrane of the prepyloric part of the stomach. It is found to be infecting approximately 50% of world population. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the prevalence of H. pylori is variable. A high incidence of H. pylori colonization has been found in portal hypertension; especially in those with gastric erosion. This study was done to find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with portal hypertension at Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Nepal.
Materials and methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional observational study. All the consecutive patients aged more than 16 years, presented with portal hypertension who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The study period was from 1st September 2015 to 31st August 2016. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all cases and mucosal biopsy was taken. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by using rapid urease test.
Results: During the study period, 71 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients 21 (29.6%) were between 51-60 years age group. There were more male (78.9%) then female (21.1%). The mean age of study population was 50.85 ± 12.47 years. Among the study population, rapid urease test was positive in 70.4% (n=50) patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was seen in 70.4% of the patients suffering with portal hypertension.
The Use of Arm Span and Knee Height for Estimation of Stature among Nepalese Medical Students
Authors: Pandey Niraj , Budathoki Deepesh , KC Gopal , Chhetri Pradeep 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Height is a significant parameter for growth and development of an individual. Arm span and knee height measurement are useful when accurate measurement for stature is unobtainable. Studies have shown that the relationship between stature and arm span varies with age and population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the correlation between stature and two measurements; the arms span and knee height of medical students of Kathmandu Medical College Public Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study. A total two hundred medical students, presently studying at Kathmandu Medical College, aged between eighteen and twenty eight years were randomly selected as the subjects for the present study. Among them, seventy six were females and one hundred twenty four were males. Arm span and knee height was measured by flexible steel tape and height was taken by stadiometer. The collected data were tabulated and SPSS 20 was used to perform analysis.
Results: There is statistically strong correlation (r) between height and arm span (r=0.858, =0.736; r=0.849,=0.720, p<0.01 for males and females respectively) while knee height too has shown a similar relationship (r=0.882, =0.778, r=0.819,=0.670, p<0.01 for males and females respectively).
Conclusion: This present study revealed that both arm-span and knee height can be used in estimation of the height of both males and females. The regression equations so derived can be used in cadavers or an amputee or bed ridden patients with fairly accurate results. This can be helpful in medico- legal cases as well as in study of anthropology.
Antimicrobial Susceptibilty Profile of Urinary Tract Infection: A Single Centre Hospital Based Study From Nepal
Authors: Khatiwada Sulochana , Khanal Rita , Karn Subhash Lal , Raut Shristi , Poudel Anuj 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is amongst the most common bacterial infections. Identification of causative organism and their in-vitro susceptibility test is essential for the successful treatment of a patient. The study was done to determine different bacterial species causing UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.
Materials and methods: A total of 332 urine samples from patients attending both inpatient and outpatient departments of UCMS-TH were included in this study. Samples were subjected to culture and sensitivity test with the use of standard bacteriological techniques as described by American Society for Microbiology (ASM).
Results Twenty three percent of the total urine samples showed significant bacterial growth. Thirteen different bacterial species were isolated. Among these, Escherichia coli (50.6%) was the most predominant one followed by Klebsiella species (15.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.8%) and others. Majority of bacteria isolated was found to be sensitive to imipenem (82%) followed by nitrofurantoin (78%), gentamicin (63.8%) and others.
Conclusion: UTI is a commonly encountered case in general practice. Females are commonly affected than males. Majority of bacterial isolates were found resistant towards commonly used first line antimicrobial agents. This type of study should be continued to determine the changing pattern of microbial flora and their antibiogram.
Prevalence of Deviated Nasal Septum among Nepalese Preclinical Students at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Nripendra , Budhathoki Deepesh , Shrestha Iju , KC Gopal 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The fragile nature of the nasal septum and other bony structures makes them prone to fragmentation and destruction. Deviated nasal septum persists in adult stage of life giving rise to anatomical, psychological and cosmetic consequences. There are many consequences of deviated nasal septum like nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, headache and asymmetry of face. The amount of airflow and resistance to it in the nasal cavity with deviated nasal septum are quite different from person to person. Our study is focused on the prevalence of deviated nasal septum.
Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among 300 individuals from Nepalese preclinical students studying at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH). Prevalence of deviated nasal septum in males and females were determined affecting symmetry of the face.
Results: The prevalence of deviated nasal septum was found to be 53% (159) of total study population. The left sided nasal septal deviation was found to be more in male 33.33% (50) than that of female 29.33% (44).The asymmetry of the face was observed in 55% (165) of total study population. However, asymmetry of face was observed more in male 58.66% (88) than in female 51.33% (77).
Conclusion The deviated nasal septum and asymmetry of the face were remarkably prevalent among Nepalese preclinical students studying at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. The prevalence of deviated nasal septum and asymmetry of face was found significantly greater in male than in female (p< 0.05).
Sonographic Imaging and Cytological Changes in Thyroid in Patients with Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Paruliya Dipak , Kuma Anand 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The association between thyroid disorders and breast cancer is debated. A possible relationship between breast carcinoma and thyroid disorders have been suggested considering the fact that the breast malignancy may alter endocrine homeostasis. A prospective cross sectional study in breast cancer patients was performed to evaluate the association of breast cancer with thyroid disorders. Ultrasonography and cytological changes in thyroid gland were evaluated.
Materials and methods: The study included 30 consecutive newly diagnosed breast cancer patients between the age group of 30 to 60 years. The study had a control group of 20 age matched patients from the same geographical area with no breast or thyroid disease and no malignancy. The presence of thyroid disease was examined by using well defined diagnostic criteria of ultrasonography. The observations on ultrasound were correlated with cytological assessment in breast cancer patients only.
Results: Results were analyzed statistically by Fischer's exact probability test, Pearson correlation coefficient and unpaired student 'T' test. Sonographically nodular thyroid was observed in 50% of breast cancer patients as compared to 10% in control group (p<0.002). Majority of patients had solitary and solid echo texture thyroid nodules. There was a direct correlation between the stage of breast cancer and total thyroid volume. All thyroid nodules were cytologically benign (adenomatous/ colloid nodular goiter) on cytological evaluation.
Conclusion: It is concluded that an increased preponderance of thyroid disorders exist in patients with breast cancer.
Utilization of Imidacloprid to Control Thrips in Peanut in North Carolina
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Jordan D.L. , Royals B.R. , Mahoney D.J. , Johnson P.D. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) is an important pest in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in North Carolina and injury from this insect can lower yield. Research was conducted from 2012 through 2014 in North Carolina to compare visible injury from tobacco thrips feeding and peanut yield when acephate, imidacloprid, and phorate were applied alone in the seed furrow at planting or followed by acephate applied postemergence 3 weeks after planting. In a second experiment conducted during the same time period, a commercial liquid formulation of Bradyrhizobia inoculant was applied alone or with imidacloprid in fields with and without plantings of peanut in recent years. Peanut injury from tobacco thrips feeding was reduced by acephate, imidacloprid, and phorate applied in the seed furrow at planting compared with non-treated peanut. Acephate applied 3 weeks after planting generally reduced injury from thrips. Pod yield was greater when imidacloprid was applied compared with yield for the non-treated control or when acephate was applied in the seed furrow. Pod yield was similar regardless of in-furrow treatment when acephate was applied postemergence. Thrips control by imidacloprid was not affected by Bradyrhizobia inoculant, and imidacloprid did not negatively affect efficacy of Bradyrhizobia inoculant regardless of previous field history. These data indicate that imidacloprid protects peanut as well as or more effectively than the systemic insecticides acephate and phorate and that imidacloprid is compatible with Bradyrhizobia inoculant.
INTER-RELIGIOUS HARMONY: a Historical Overview
Authors: Achmad Noor 
Published: January 2019

This paper generally aimed to find out that Islam is love andpeace religion. By using a historical approach, the writer triedto investigate a number of facts showing Islam has promotedinterreligious harmony and has from its inception laid thefoundation of relationship between Islam and other religions. Itmeans that it is not only theoretically but also practically. Basedon historical facts which have been well-documented in SirahNabawiyah, the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) became the firstperson who practiced and implemented the teachings ofreligious tolerance; respecting and helping others andconducting religious dialogue to create harmonious life inmulticultural country, Medina. In this paper, the writers alsotried to explore not only interreligious harmony in thebeginning of Islamic history, particularly in prophet-Abbasidera but also in Indonesian contemporary which has recentlybecome an object of talks and research.Keywords: social harmony, Jews, Christian, MedinaCharter, belief
RADICALISM IN ISLAMIC HISTORY
Authors: Ulfah Rokhmah 
Published: January 2019

Islam is love and peace religion that brings justice, equality and moderation. The word Islam comes from salima means surrender, submission and peace. So that being a Muslim means spread and build a peace in the world. In fact nowadays, Islam has appeared as a violent religion bringing hatred. Indeed, this has blotted Islamic message namely peacefulness. Radical movement has a deep historical root in Islam called khawarij. Khawarij emerged when the arbitration (tahkim) conducted between Ali bin Abi Thalib and Muawiyah in Shiffin war and it was a fundamentalist religion movement. The coming out of Wahabi with their militan followers shows neo-khawarij, radical movement in Islam.Keywords: violence, extremism, conflict, radicalism
THE KIAI’S MODERATE LEADERSHIP MODEL IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Authors: Hernawati Sari 
Published: January 2019

This research is basically based on the phenomena that the Kiai (religious leader) has a significant role at the Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren). An effective leadership of Kiai will absolutely determine model of changes conducted by Pesantren in improving the quality of education services without removing its Islamic education values. Generally the study is field research and conducted at the Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren) Al-Hikmah 2 and As-Salafiyyah Brebes. It uses qualitative approach. Whereas the method of data collection is interview, observation, documentation and triangulation in which the key instrument is the researcher himself. Results of research are: (1) vision of Kiai has a philosophical sense, namely building moderate Islamic character of santri (student) is a worship and devotion to Allah SWT, (2) the strategy of As-Salafiyah Islamic boarding school is to preserve and defend existing salaf (classic) pattern, meanwhile al Hikmah’s strategy is to respond modernity trough development and open some new general education institutions. Keywords: leadership model; kiai; pesantren; education; services quality