bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844
Authors: Fekri Latifa , Affandi Ridwan , Rahardjo Muhammad Fajar , Budiardi Tatag , Simanjuntak Charles Parningotan Haratua , Fauzan Tezza , Indrayani Indrayani 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effect of water temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844). This study was conducted in March 2017 at the Physiology Laboratory of Aquatic Animal, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University. The study used a completely randomized design with five different levels of temperature (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C) as treatments with two replications. The size of elver was 2‒3 g. Fish were fed with 1 mm pellet containing 45% of protein. The feeding level was 7 % of fish biomass and the feeding frequency was two times a day. The results showed that temperatures range from 24‒30°C could be used for freshwater eel elver rearing and 28‒30°Cwere the best temperatures to support survival and growth performance of eel elver. A temperature of 24°C was the best temperature that could reduce the metabolism rate and did not cause stress on the elver. Keywords: elver, physiological conditions, growth performance, metabolism, temperature ABSTRAK Penelitian dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh suhu terhadap kondisi fisiologis dan kinerja pertumbuhan elver ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844) telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan Air FPIK IPB. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan suhu berbeda (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, dan 30°C) dengan masing-masing dua ulangan. Ukuran benih yang digunakan 2‒3 g. Pakan yang diberikan berupa pellet berukuran 1 mm dengan kadar protein 45%. Jumlah pakan yang diberikan (FR) adalah 7% dari biomassa ikan dan diberikan dua kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kisaran suhu 24‒30°C dapat digunakan dalam pemeliharaan elver ikan sidat, dan suhu 28‒30°C merupakan suhu yang sangat baik untuk mendukung kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan elver ikan sidat. Suhu media 24°C adalah suhu terbaik yang dapat menekan laju metabolisme dengan tidak menyebabkan stres pada elver ikan sidat. Kata kunci: elver, kondisi fisiologis, kinerja pertumbuhan, metabolisme, suhu
Work-Related Stressors and Increased Risk of Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use: Findings From the CONSTANCES Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Airagnes Guillaume , Lemogne Cédric , Olekhnovitch Romain , Roquelaure Yves , Hoertel Nicolas , Goldberg Marcel , Limosin Frédéric , Zins Marie 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To examine whether stressful job exposure to the public could be associated with having long-term benzodiazepine use.Methods. From the participants included between 2012 and 2016 in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 13 934 men and 19 261 women declared a daily job exposure to the public and rated the frequency of stressful exposure. We examined benzodiazepine long-term use by using drug reimbursement administrative registries. Logistic regressions provided odds ratios (ORs) of benzodiazepine long-term use, with stratification for gender and adjustment for age, education, and area deprivation index. Occupational grade, job strain, depression, self-rated health, and alcohol use disorder were additional stratification variables.Results. Benzodiazepine long-term use was positively associated with stressful exposure to the public (“often or always” vs “rarely or never”) in men (OR = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8, 2.8) and women (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.4, 1.9), with dose-dependent relationships (P trends < .001). Adjustments and analyses in subgroups without other individual or environmental vulnerability factors led to similar results.Conclusions. Stressful job exposure to the public increases the risk of benzodiazepine long-term use. Prevention programs aiming at reducing the burden of benzodiazepine long-term use would benefit in targeting this specific population.
Building New York State Centers of Excellence in Children’s Environmental Health: A Replicable Model in a Time of Uncertainty
Authors: Galvez Maida , Collins Geoffrey , Amler Robert W. , Dozor Allen , Kaplan-Liss Evonne , Forman Joel , Laraque-Arena Danielle , Lawrence Ruth , Miller Richard , Miller Karen , Sheffield Perry , Zajac Lauren , Landrigan Philip J. 
Published: November 2018

Public health programs may be seriously affected in periods of federal retrenchment. During these times, state-based strategies provide an alternate pathway for advancing public health. A 12-year campaign to secure state support for a network of Centers of Excellence in Children’s Environmental Health (CEH) promoting health of children across New York State is described. It was driven by rising rates of asthma, birth defects, developmental disorders, and other noncommunicable diseases in children; growing evidence associating hazardous environmental exposures with these conditions; and recognition that federal resources in CEH are insufficient. Critical campaign elements were (1) formation of a statewide coalition of academic health centers, health care providers, public health officials, community advocates, and other stakeholders; (2) bipartisan collaborations with legislative champions and government leaders; (3) assessment of the burden of developmental disorders and noncommunicable diseases associated with environmental exposures among children; (4) maps documenting the presence of environmental hazards in every county statewide; (5) iterative charting of a changing political landscape; and (6) persistence. The 2017 award of a 5-year, $10 million contract to establish Centers of Excellence in CEH demonstrates the value of this statewide strategy.
The Socioeconomic Burden of Pain From War
Authors: McCulloch Gallagher Rollin , Sandbrink Friedhelm 
Published: November 2018

War’s burden on the health and well-being of combatants, civilians, and societies is well documented. Although the examination of soldiers’ injuries in modern combat is both detailed and comprehensive, less is known about war-related injuries to civilians and refugees, including victims of torture. The societal burden of war-related disabilities persists for decades in war’s aftermath. The complex injuries of combat survivors, including multiple pain conditions and neuropsychiatric comorbidities, challenge health care systems to reorganize care to meet these survivors’ special needs. We use the case study method to illustrate the change in pain management strategies for injured combat survivors in one national health system, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The care of veterans’ disabling injuries suffered in Vietnam contrasts with the care resulting from the VA’s congressional mandate to design and implement a pain management policy that provides effective pain management to veterans injured in the recent Middle East conflicts. The outcomes-driven, patient-centric Stepped Care Model of biopsychosocial pain management requires system-wide patient education, clinician training, social networking, and administrative monitoring. Societies are encouraged to develop their health care system’s capacity to effectively respond to the victims of warfare, including combatants and refugees.
Where Is the Opioid Use Epidemic in Mexico? A Cautionary Tale for Policymakers South of the US–Mexico Border
Authors: Goodman-Meza David , Medina-Mora Maria Elena , Magis-Rodríguez Carlos , Landovitz Raphael J. , Shoptaw Steve , Werb Dan 
Published: November 2018

In North America, opioid use and its harms have increased in the United States and Canada over the past 2 decades. However, Mexico has yet to document patterns suggesting a higher level of opioid use or attendant harms. Historically, Mexico has been a country with low-level use of opioids, although heroin use has been documented. Low-level opioid use is likely attributable to structural, cultural, and individual factors. However, a range of dynamic factors may be converging to increase the use of opioids: legislative changes to opioid prescribing, national health insurance coverage of opioids, pressure from the pharmaceutical industry, changing demographics and disease burden, forced migration and its trauma, and an increase in the production and trafficking of heroin. In addition, harm-reduction services are scarce. Mexico may transition from a country of low opioid use to high opioid use but has the opportunity to respond effectively through a combination of targeted public health surveillance of high-risk groups, preparation of appropriate infrastructure to support evidence-based treatment, and interventions and policies to avoid a widespread opioid use epidemic.
Solving the Global Crisis in Access to Pain Relief: Lessons From Country Actions
Authors: Bhadelia Afsan , De Lima Liliana , Arreola-Ornelas Héctor , Kwete Xiaoxiao Jiang , Rodriguez Natalia M. , Knaul Felicia Marie 
Published: November 2018

Annually, more than 61 million people worldwide experience about 6 billion days of serious health-related suffering that could be alleviated with access to palliative care and pain relief. However, palliative care is limited or nonexistent in most parts of the world. The access abyss is so stark that 50% of the world’s poorest populations live in countries that receive only 1% of the opioid analgesics distributed worldwide. By contrast, the richest 10% of the world’s population live in countries that receive nearly 90% of the opioid pain relief medications. The Lancet Commission on Global Access to Palliative Care and Pain Relief developed a framework to measure the global burden of serious health-related suffering and generated the evidence base to address this burden. We present the inequities in access to pain relief and highlight key points from country responses, drawing from and building on recommendations of the Lancet Commission report “Alleviating the Access Abyss in Palliative Care and Pain Relief—An Imperative of Universal Health Coverage” to close the access abyss in relief of pain and other types of serious health-related suffering.
Growth and Persistence of Place-Based Mortality in the United States: The Rural Mortality Penalty
Authors: Cosby Arthur G. , McDoom-Echebiri M. Maya , James Wesley , Khandekar Hasna , Brown Willie , Hanna Heather L. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To examine 47 years of US urban and rural mortality trends at the county level, controlling for effects of education, income, poverty, and race. Methods. We obtained (1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) data (1970–2016) on 104 million deaths; (2) US Census data on education, poverty, and race; and (3) Bureau of Economic Analysis data on income. We calculated ordinary least square regression models, including interaction models, for each year. We graphed standardized parameter estimates for 47 years. Results. Rural–urban mortality disparities increased from the mid-1980s through 2016. We found education, race, and rurality to be strong predictors; we found strong interactions between percentage poverty and percentage rural, indicating that the largest penalty was in high-poverty, rural counties. Conclusions. The rural–urban mortality disparity was persistent, growing, and large when compared to other place-based disparities. The penalty had evolved into a high-poverty, rural penalty that rivaled the effects of education and exceeded the effects of race by 2016. Public Health Implications. Targeting public health programs that focus on high-poverty, rural locales is a promising strategy for addressing disparities in mortality.
Digestão anaeróbia de dejetos de bovinos leiteiros: efeito da dieta e da adição de caldo de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Xavier C. A. N. , Santos T. M. B. , Lucas Júnior J. 
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de digestão anaeróbia dos dejetos de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com diferentes volumosos em que alguns dejetos receberam caldo de canade-açúcar como aditivo. Os tratamentos avaliados nos biodigestores foram substratos que continham dejetos de vacas que receberam dietas contendo silagem de milho (substrato SM), que receberam cana-de-açúcar in natura (substrato CIN) ou que receberam cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com cal virgem (substrato CHCV). Dejetos de animais que receberam cana-de-açúcar in natura ou cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com cal virgem também foram avaliados com a adição de caldo de cana e denominados de substratos CINC e CHCVC, respectivamente. Nos dois últimos substratos, a inclusão de caldo de cana foi de 6 % volume/volume. Foram utilizados 15 biodigestores batelada e cinco biodigestores semicontínuos, todos com volume útil de 10 L, mantidos a 30±2 ºC. Os parâmetros avaliados foram pH, alcalinidade parcial, redução de sólidos voláteis (SV) e potenciais de produção de CH4. O valores de pH e alcalinidade indicaram que não houve risco de falência do processo de digestão anaeróbia. As reduções de SV nos biodigestores batelada e semicontínuos foram de 51 % em todos os substratos. Maiores potenciais de produção de CH4 foram obtidos com o substrato CINC e CHCVC nos biodigestores batelada, média de 0,258 L CH4 g SV-1. Nos biodigestores semicontínuos, o maior potencial de produção de CH4 foi do substrato CINC, de 0,226 L CH4 g SV-1. Nesses biodigestores, os substratos SM, CIN, CHCV, CHCVC renderam, em média, 0,171 L CH4 g SV-1. A adição de 6 % de caldo de cana-de-açúcar contribuiu para o incremento da produção de CH4 em até 24  %.
Nitrogen Management and Uptake by Corn on No‐Till and Ridge‐Till Claypan Soil
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Ruiz‐Diaz Dorivar , Jardine Douglas J. 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Seasonal corn N uptake was greater with ridge‐till than with no‐till.
Increasing N fertilizer rate generally increased N uptake.
Nitrogen uptake at R4 was greater with banded applications than broadcast in no‐till.
Increasing N uptake increased yield, primarily by increasing kernels per ear.
Information on N management is limited regarding N uptake and recovery by corn (Zea mays L.) grown on claypan soils in the eastern Great Plains, especially in conservation tillage systems. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fertilizer N rate (0, 34, 67, 101, and 134 kg ha‐1) applied by surface broadcast, surface band (dribble), and subsurface band (knife) placement methods on N uptake by corn grown in no‐till and ridge‐till systems on a claypan soil. Ridge‐till consistently increased corn N uptake compared with no‐till by 53% early to 20% later during the growing season. Maximum N uptake rate was earlier in the season and greater with ridge‐till than with no‐till, perhaps helping to contribute to increased corn yields. Early in the season, corn N uptake was increased with low N fertilization rates, but not at higher rates. However, as the season progressed, N uptake increased with all rates. Even though the effect of N fertilizer placement on corn N uptake was not consistent during the entire season, by the R4 growth stage, placement did not affect N uptake in ridge‐till but was nearly 20% greater with banded (dribble and knife) applications than with broadcasting in no‐till. At low N rates, knife placement increased N uptake at R4, likely because of improved apparent N recovery, but was unaffected by placement at greater N rates. Improving total N uptake increased relative yield primarily by increasing kernels per ear, with lesser effects due to kernel weight and ears per plant.
Critical Sulfur Dilution Curve and Sulfur Nutrition Index in Maize
Authors: Carciochi Walter D. , Wyngaard Nicolás , Reussi Calvo Nahuel I. , Pagani Agustín , Divito Guillermo A. , Echeverría Hernán E. , Ciampitti Ignacio A 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Critical S dilution curve was established for maize: S concentration = 2.13 × biomass−0.23.
The S nutrition index successfully diagnosed S status at early crop stages (∼V6).
Sulfur concentration and chlorophyll meter reading, both in the upper leaf, were good predictors of the S nutrition index.
Sulfur (S) deficiency can severely limit maize (Zea mays L.) yield. This deficiency could be predicted by quantifying the S concentration (SC) in the shoot biomass (BM) and by calculating the S nutrition index (SNI = observed SC/critical SC). However, as shoot SC determination is laborious, alternative S diagnostic methods should be developed in maize. Thus, the objectives of our study were to: (i) determine and validate a critical S dilution curve, (ii) quantify the critical SNI, and (iii) explore the use of SC and chlorophyll meter reading (CMR), both determined in the uppermost developed leaf at vegetative growth stages, to predict SNI and for diagnosing S status in maize. Six field studies evaluating fertilizer S rates were executed, collecting maize shoot and uppermost developed leaf samples and determining Sc, CMR, yield, and SNI parameters. The main outcomes from our study were: (i) a maize critical S dilution curve was fitted (SC = 2.13BM−0.23) and validated with an independent dataset; (ii) a critical SNI threshold of 0.79 adequately diagnosed S status at ∼V6 stage; (iii) at V6, SNI was linearly related to SC (R2 = 0.65) and CMR (R2 = 0.85). As a result, a threshold value of 2.0 g S kg−1 for SC, 47.5 units for CMR, and 0.94 units for relative CMR can be used to successfully diagnose S deficiencies at early vegetative (∼V6) maize stages. Future studies testing S diagnostic tools for maize should be performed in environments with severe S deficiency and nutrient co‐limitations.
Cover Crops and Tillage Influence on Nitrogen Dynamics in Plant‐Soil‐Water Pools
Authors: Singh Gurbir , Williard Karl W.J. , Schoonover Jon E. 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Cereal rye reduced the NO3–N leaching loads during the cover crop season.
Nitrate‐N leaching in corn may increase following legume cover crops.
Conventional tillage may result in greater N loss compared with no‐tillage.
Poor synchronization of N supply‐demand by cash crop can result in higher N losses.
Cover crops (CCs) planted after cash crop harvest have the potential to improve vadose zone water quality through scavenging residual soil N. Limited research is available on N release from the biomass after CC termination and its subsequent leaching. This study examined the influence of rotations corn (Zea mays L.)–no cover crop (noCC)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–noCC (CncSnc), corn–cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)–soybean–hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (CcrShv), corn–cereal rye–soybean–oat+radish (Avena sativa L.+Raphanus sativus L.) (CcrSor) and tillage (conventional‐tillage [CT] and no‐tillage [NT]) on available N in soil, N accumulation in plant biomass, and N leaching to pan lysimeters. The rotations CcrShv and CcrSor with hairy vetch and oat+radish resulted in 89% (37.7 vs. 20.0 kg ha−1) and 68% (33.5 vs. 20.0 kg ha−1) more nitrate N (NO3–N) leaching than CncSnc during cash crop season in fall 2015. Under CT in fall 2017, the rotation CcrShv (19.4 kg ha−1) had higher NO3–N leaching than CncSnc (3.2 kg ha−1) and CcrSor (1.4 kg ha−1). During CC season in spring 2016, cereal rye in CcrShv and CcrSor reduced NO3–N leaching by 84 and 78% compared with the CncSnc, respectively, under CT. Our results indicated that CT had greater N leaching losses than NT. The higher NO3–N leaching during cash crop season with rotations having CCs was due to the mismatched timing of N availability and demand by the cash crop.
Soil Water Dynamics in Apple Orchards of Different Ages on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Di , Wang Li 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Soil water dynamics in apple orchards (initially 7 and 17 yr old) were studied.
Mean soil water content was consistently higher in the 7‐yr‐old orchard.
Mean soil water storage was consistently lower in the 17‐yr‐old orchard.
A dried soil layer had formed in the 17‐yr‐old orchard.
Tree age should be considered when formulating soil water management regimes.
Knowledge of soil water in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards is necessary for formulating robust management strategies and sound planning of apple plantations with limited water resources, such as on the Chinese Loess Plateau. In this work, we assessed the relationship between the age of trees and soil water dynamics in apple orchards that were initially 7 and 17 yr old in the Wangdonggou watershed on the Loess Plateau. For this, we monitored soil water content (SWC, measured using a neutron probe) and calculated soil water storage (SWS), available SWS (ASWS), and soil desiccation along 0‐ to 600‐cm soil profiles in both orchards from May to September in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. For both orchards, annual mean SWCs along the 0‐ to 600‐cm profile differed during the past 4 yr. Mean SWC along the profile was consistently higher in the 7‐yr‐old orchard at both monthly and annual timescales. Accordingly, monthly mean SWS and ASWS along the 0‐ to 600‐cm soil profiles were consistently lower in the 17‐yr‐old orchard. Moreover, a dried soil layer (DSL) had formed in the soil of the 17‐yr‐old orchard and there was slightly desiccation in the 320‐ to 600‐cm layers, but no DSL was detected in the 7‐yr‐old orchard during the four study years. Tree age was mostly responsible for the differences in soil water dynamics in apple orchards. Therefore, it is important to take tree age into account when considering soil water management regimes in orchards in both the focal region of the Loess Plateau and other water‐limited regions around the world.
Cryospheric Hydrometeorology Observation in the Hulu Catchment (CHOICE), Qilian Mountains, China
Authors: Han Chuntan , Chen Rensheng , Liu Zhangwen , Yang Yong , Liu Junfeng , Song Yaoxuan , Wang Lei , Liu Guohua , Guo Shuhai , Wang Xiqiang 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
CHOICE is an observation platform for field, hillside, catchment and mountainous basin scales.
A distributed hydrological model including cryospheric hydrology data is needed.
CHOICE is an open cryospheric hydrology observation and research system.
Understanding cryospheric hydrology and the effects of cryospheric changes on river runoff is critical for sustainable water management especially in arid inland river basins such as those in northwest China where water resources mainly come from alpine areas. A cryospheric hydrometeorology observation system (CHOICE) has been established since 2008 in the Hulu catchment, which is a well‐instrumented experimental and representative catchment in the upper reaches of the inland Hei River, Qilian Mountains, northwest China. The CHOICE includes dense meteorological measurements from 2980 to 4800 m asl (e.g. glacier, snow, and permafrost hydrology) and water and heat balance in the vertical landscape zones including alpine grassland, meadow, shrub, coniferous forest, marshy meadow, and moraine‐talus zones. The comprehensive long‐term observations available for the CHOICE provide the basis for model development and application in cryospheric hydrological research. We focus on cryospheric hydrometeorological process of precipitation, freeze–thaw cycle, energy balance, soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer (SVAT), runoff, groundwater reservoir, and hydrological resiliency within vertical elevation in CHIOCE. Data from CHOICE, an open cryospheric hydrology observation and research system, is accessed through a website (http://hhsy.casnw.net/) and the WestDC database (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/).