bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Que s’est-il passé aux premières lignes de la réforme de l’assistance sociale aux États-Unis ? Analyse des expériences des responsables de première ligne
Authors: Chang Hyunjoo 
Published: April 2018

Dans le présent article, nous examinons la trajectoire de la réforme américaine de l’assistance sociale au travers de l’analyse des expériences des travailleurs de première ligne sur la base d’une approche fondée sur la théorie ancrée dans la pratique. Les principales inquiétudes concernaient les travailleurs pauvres et les programmes d’indépendance économique non élaborés. Ces problèmes étaient attribuables aux efforts de la législation en faveur du « travail d’abord » et à un déséquilibre des compétences, sans tenir compte de la qualité des emplois. Face à la réduction de l’aide sociale, on a adopté une approche généreuse à l’égard des clients des services sociaux en première ligne. Même si la faculté d’appréciation s’est traduite par la mise en œuvre d’initiatives locales plus nombreuses aux premières lignes, ces démarches ne répondaient pas fondamentalement aux besoins de la vie réelle des clients. Dans le présent article, nous soutenons que la qualité et la durabilité du travail sont des éléments essentiels, avant de mettre l’accent sur le « travail d’abord ». La mise en œuvre aux premières lignes doit davantage s’efforcer d’amener les employeurs à créer des mesures d’incitation en faveur du renforcement des compétences et d’encourager les clients à travailler. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Il est inévitable d’avoir un écart entre l’élaboration des politiques et leur mise en œuvre aux premières lignes, les besoins locaux ayant tendance à varier. Plus particulièrement, le point de vue des responsables de première ligne est intéressant pour tenir compte des différents besoins locaux et s’adapter aux différents intérêts des clients dans le processus d’amélioration de la réforme de l’assistance sociale au lieu de celui des décideurs fédéraux. Même si la faculté d’appréciation des responsables de première ligne est essentielle, on en sait moins sur la manière dont ils mettent en œuvre la réforme de l’assistance sociale et les enseignements qu’ils en ont tirés. Une étude qualitative de ces questions devrait par conséquent apporter des données de terrain susceptibles d’améliorer sa mise en œuvre afin d’aider les bénéficiaires, une question rarement étudiée dans la littérature.
Effect of wafer-level silicon cap packaging on BiCMOS embedded RF-MEMS switch performance
Authors: Wipf Selin Tolunay , Göritz Alexander , Wietstruck Matthias , Cirillo Maurizio , Wipf Christian , Zoschke Kai , Kaynak Mehmet 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of silicon (Si) cap packaging on the BiCMOS embedded RF-MEMS switch performance is studied. The RF-MEMS switches are designed and fabricated in a 0.25μm SiGe BiCMOS technology for K-band (18 – 27 GHz) applications. The packaging is done based on a wafer-to-wafer bonding technique and the RF-MEMS switches are electrically characterized before and after the Si cap packaging. The experimental data shows the effect of the wafer-level Si cap package on the C-V and S-parameter measurements. The performed 3D FEM simulations prove that the low resistive Si cap, specifically 1 Ω·cm, results in a significant RF performance degradation of the RF-MEMS switch in terms of insertion loss.
Uniqueness of the von Neumann Continuous Factor
Authors: Ara Pere , Claramunt Joan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor a division ring D, denote by 𝓜D the D-ring obtained as the completion of the direct limit with respect to themetric induced by its unique rank function. We prove that, for any ultramatricial D-ring 𝓑 and any non-discrete extremal pseudo-rank function N on 𝓑, there is an isomorphism of D-rings , where stands for the completion of 𝓑 with respect to the pseudo-metric induced by N. This generalizes a result of von Neumann. We also show a corresponding uniqueness result for *-algebras over fields F with positive definite involution, where the algebra МF is endowed with its natural involution coming from the *-transpose involution on each of the factors .
Traitement préventif de l’avortement brucellique de la vache par le chlorhydrate d’oxytétracycline
Authors: Plommet M. , Fenster-Bank R. , Gestin J. 
Published: April 2018

Quarante-cinq génisses réparties en 3 lots (A, B, C) de 15 ont été inoculées par voie conjonctivale par la souche Brucella abortus 544, respectivement aux 2e, 4e et 6e mois de la gestation. Dans chaque lot, un groupe 1 (5 génisses) n’a reçu aucun traitement ; un groupe 2 (5 génisses) a reçu une injection intrapéritonéale de 10 g d’oxyté- tracycline en solution aqueuse un mois après l’inoculation ; un groupe 3 a reçu 3 injections aux 3e, 5e et 7e mois de gestation. Alors qu’une seule vache du groupe témoin 1 a donné un veau normal à terme, il y en a eu 3 dans le groupe 2 dont 2 dans le lot A et 6 dans le groupe 3, dont 4 dans le lot A.
Les vaches ont été abattues six semaines après leur vêlage, et le degré d’infection des carcasses établi par numération des Brucella dans les organes et ganglions. Les vaches des groupes 1 et 2 sont en moyenne infectées au même degré ; par contre, celles du groupe 3 sont très peu infectées. Cinq vaches sont indemnes de brucellose à l’abattage (4 dans les groupes traités 3 fois, 1 dans un groupe traité une fois).
Ces résultats, ajoutés à ceux obtenus dans un travail antérieur, permettent de proposer deux schémas de traitement préventif des avortements brucelliques dans la nature, selon que dans le troupeau la maladie est d’apparition récente ou ancienne. Dans le 1er cas, traitement simultané de tous les animaux par une injection intrapéri¬ tonéale de 10 g d’oxytétracycline ; dans le second, 2 ou 3 injections de 10 g au début de la gestation (2-3e mois) espacées de 1 mois-lmois et demi.
EFEITO DA INFECÇÃO DE METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE SOBRE A ATIVIDADE PROTEOLÍTICA PRESENTE EM INTESTINO DE RHIPICEPHALUS MICROPLUS
Authors: Silva Soraia John da , Cardoso Cristiane Martins , Santos Marta Rafaela Dos , Perinotto Wendell , Bittencourt Vânia 
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o estudo de formas alternativas de controle de Rhipicephalus microplus através do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito deste fungo sobre a atividade de proteases do carrapato bovino, 80 fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. microplus foram divididas em grupo controle e grupo de tratamento (48h de tratamento). As fêmeas tratadas foram imersas nas suspensões conidiais e os controles em água destilada estéril acrescida de Tween 80 0,1%. Foi feita a dissecção das fêmeas e os intestinos foram lavados, secos em papel de filtro para a retirada do excesso de líquidos e pesados. Foram então homogeneizados e a concentração protéica foi determinada. A presença da atividade proteolítica em extrato intestinal foi dosada pela hidrólise do substrato protéico hemoglobina e pela quantificação da tirosina. Nos valores de pH 4,0 e 5,0 foi encontrado um aumento da atividade frente o uso do fungo. Nestes valores de pH há presença principalmente de cisteíno e aspártico protease. Ao fazer uso de um inibidor de cisteíno protease (ditiotreitol) houve inibição de 74% e 54% da atividade proteolítica nos grupos tratado e controle, respectivamente. Enquanto isso, o outro inibidor de cisteíno proteases, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, inibiu 86% e 80% da atividade proteolítica em grupos tratado e controle, respectivamente. Foi possível concluir com este estudo que há uma atividade majoritária de cisteíno proteases atuando em intestino de R. microplus e que esta atividade pode ser aumentada na presença do fungo entomopatogênico. Este aumento, por sua vez, pode ser decorrente de proteases do fungo ou do mecanismo de defesa do carrapato, o que sugere que M. anisopliae pode vir a ser uma forma de controle eficaz para este carrapato.
Do Tripartite Approaches to Reform of Services for First Nations Make a Difference? A Study of Three Sectors.
Authors: Bruhn Jodi 
Published: April 2018

First Nations in Canada have developed tripartite arrangements with federal and provincial governments in a range of service areas. Some scholars classify the arrangements as “mere” devolution; others debate whether they mark an emerging, more collaborative Crown/Indigenous relationship. There is also the pressing question of impact. Do tripartite service arrangements promote positive changes for affected First Nations and their members? This paper examines the character of these arrangements, as well as their impact on both services and relationships among the signatories. Analysing regional tripartite arrangements concluded over the past decade in First Nations policing, child welfare, and primary/secondary education, it then draws on evaluations, and scholarly and other “grey” literature to identify common challenges and successes. Throughout, the paper seeks to discern potential lessons from the past decade for negotiating and implementing tripartite service arrangements in the future.
Nível de satisfação: fator gerador de qualidade de vida no trabalho / Level of satisfaction: factor generator of quality of life at work
Authors: Miranda Barros Silva Jaqueline 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Conhecer o nível de satisfação dos profissionais de enfermagem do Atendimento ao Doador de Sangue do Hemocentro Coordenador de Palmas. Método: Pesquisa de caráter exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, população composta por 218 funcionários e amostra por 34. Os dados foram coletados em setembro/2016, no setor de Atendimento ao Doador, do Hemocentro Coordenador de Palmas, através de um questionário embasado no modelo de Walton. Resultados: A média dos profissionais nas categorias de cada dimensão foi 6, satisfeitos e 5, levemente satisfeitos, com exceção dos benefícios e possibilidade de carreira, cujas médias de ambos foram 4, neutros. A média global dos profissionais nas oito dimensões foi 6, satisfeitos. Conclusão: Os profissionais estão satisfeitos e, apresentam Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho - QVT. Espera-se a inserção desta estratégia de avaliação, a fim de monitorar os indicadores relacionados à QVT considerando ser um processo dinâmico. Descritores: Satisfação, Trabalho, Qualidade de vida, Motivação.
Perfil dos usuários atendidos por um serviço préhospitalar móvel de urgência no nordeste brasileiro / Profile of users attended by an emergency mobile pre-hospital service in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Soares Millâny Kivia Pereira Soares , Dantas Rodrigo Assis Neves Dantas , Dantas Daniele Vieira Dantas , Nunes Helena Maria Alves Nunes , Nascimento Rayane Araújo do Nascimento , Nascimento Jessica Cristhyanne Peixoto Nascimento 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: Caracterizar as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde dos usuários atendidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência do Rio Grande do Norte (SAMU 192 RN). Método: Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em um hospital de referência. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 384 usuários atendidos pelo SAMU 192 RN, entre janeiro e junho de 2016. Destacou-se o sexo masculino (64,6%), com idade entre 36 a 67 anos (34,1%); ocorrências traumáticas (58,3%), principalmente dos acidentes de trânsito (33,59%), em destaque as colisões (28,9%), e afecções neurológicas (21,1%) alcançaram o maior número das ocorrências clínicas. Conclusão: O perfil dos usuários atendidos pelo SAMU 192 RN, demonstrou o predomínio das ocorrências traumáticas, de acidentes de trânsito, com usuários do sexo masculino, entre a faixa etária de 36 anos e igual ou maior a 67 anos. Descritores: Assistência Pré-Hospitalar, emergência, perfil de saúde.
In Situ Investigations of Mechanochemical One‐Pot Syntheses
Authors: Kulla Hannes , Haferkamp Sebastian , Akhmetova Irina , Röllig Mathias , Maierhofer Christiane , Rademann Klaus , Emmerling Franziska 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present an in situ triple coupling of synchrotron X‐ray diffraction with Raman spectroscopy, and thermography to study milling reactions in real time. This combination of methods allows a correlation of the structural evolution with temperature information. The temperature information is crucial for understanding both the thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. The reaction mechanisms of three prototypical mechanochemical syntheses, a cocrystal formation, a C−C bond formation (Knoevenagel condensation), and the formation of a manganese‐phosphonate, were elucidated. Trends in the temperature development during milling are identified. The heat of reaction and latent heat of crystallization of the product contribute to the overall temperature increase. A decrease in temperature occurs via release of, for example, water as a by‐product. Solid and liquid intermediates are detected. The influence of the mechanical impact could be separated from temperature effects caused by the reaction.
Sensitive determination of bromhexine hydrochloride based on its quenching effect on luminol/H2O2 electrochemiluminescence system
Authors: Kong Dexian , Huang Siqin , Cheng Jiansong , Zhuang Qizhao , Liu Yijun , Lu Chun‐Hua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of luminol/H2O2 system in the presence of bromhexine hydrochloride (BrH) was investigated. It was found that the ECL intensity of luminol/H2O2 system on a platinum electrode could be intensely quenched by BrH owing to the scavenging superoxide radical ability of BrH, and therefore the sensitive determination of BrH was possible. Under optimal conditions, the quenched ECL intensity was linear to the concentration of BrH in a wide range of 0.08 to 500 μM, with a detection limit of 0.02 μM (signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) = 3). This ECL method possessed the merits of rapid, simple and sensitive, and was successfully applied to the BrH quantification in pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory recoveries of 91.0 ± 4.0 to 106.5 ± 3.4%. The possible route of the quenched ECL of luminol/H2O2 in the presence of BrH was also discussed.
Factorial design optimization of micelle enhanced synchronous spectrofluorimetric assay of Omarigliptin: Applied to content uniformity testing and in vitro drug release
Authors: Ayoub Bassam M. , Mowaka Shereen , Arafa Mona G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA micelle enhanced spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of Omarigliptin (OMG) based on its native fluorescence behavior. The interaction of OMG with surfactants and macromolecules was studied. In aqueous solution, the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of OMG was enhanced by 24% in the presence of Tween 80 at pH 3.5. The optimal conditions for the micelle enhanced fluorescence were attained by Minitab® program using Plackett–Burman factorial design. Pareto chart, contour plots and surface plots were used to exclude the insignificant variables and optimize the significant factors. The spectrofluorimeter was operated under synchronous mode using ∆λ = 30 nm and recording the RFI of the intense narrow band at 267 nm for OMG in 0.5% w/v Tween 80 + 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 3.5) system using water as diluent. Using synchronous scan mode offered many advantages including considerable reduction of spectral overlap and enhanced linearity of the calibrators. Validation parameters were satisfied over the concentration range 0.1–2 μg/ml. The developed method was the first analytical procedure for OMG assay in Marizev® tablets. Moreover, content uniformity testing and in vitro drug release of tablets were performed.
Confinement of Metal–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes to Control Reactivity in Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Roland Sylvain , Suarez Jorge Meijide , Sollogoub Matthieu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConfinement of a metal complex is a promising way to induce reactivity modulation and selectivity. Combining this principle with the properties of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) used as ligands is therefore of great interest. NHCs metal complexes have been encapsulated in polymeric structures (metal‐organic frameworks, metal organic polymers and porous organic polymers), and in molecular containers (capsules, cages or cavitands). This confinement induced reactivity change, on and off switching of reactions, substrate selection, stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, and product distribution variation. The syntheses and the influence of confinement on reactivity will be discussed in this Minireview.
Effects of Ingestion of Soft Plastic Fishing Lures on Largemouth Bass
Authors: Sanft Eric J. , Porreca Anthony P. , Parkos Joseph J. , Detmer Thomas M. , Wahl David H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Soft plastic lures (SPLs) may comprise a significant amount of fishing gear pollution, yet little is known about their environmental impacts in aquatic systems or their ingestion by fish. We tested whether shape and material composition of ingested SPLs influenced subsequent prey consumption by Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides after SPL ingestion. We also quantified the occurrence of SPL ingestion by Largemouth Bass in reservoirs. Biodegradable and nonbiodegradable versions of shad, ribbon-tail worm, and finesse worm SPLs were fed to Largemouth Bass, and consumption of natural prey was quantified 1 d and 1 week postingestion. Shape and material composition altered prey consumption by Largemouth Bass. Fish that ingested the shad SPL, the largest lure by volume, consumed the fewest number of prey 1 d postingestion. Ingestion of biodegradable SPLs resulted in lower prey consumption rates than ingestion of nonbiodegradable SPLs. Largemouth Bass typically expelled the SPL within 9 d of ingestion; all lures were either regurgitated or egested. Less than 1% of Largemouth Bass sampled in two Illinois reservoirs had SPLs in their stomachs. Our results suggest that discarded SPLs do not pose a significant long-term threat to the health of individual Largemouth Bass. However, SPLs should still be discarded in a responsible manner.
Homogenized free surface flow in porous media for wet‐out processing
Authors: Wu Da , Larsson Ragnar 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a novel porous media model for homogenized free surface flow, representing wet‐out composites processing. The model is derived from concepts of homogenization applied to a compressible two‐phase flow, accounting for capillary effects and the concept of relative permeability. Based on mass balance considerations, we obtain a nonlinear set of equations of convection‐diffusion type involving the mixture (fluid) pressure and the degree of saturation as primary fields. A staggered Galerkin finite element approach is employed to decouple the solution. Moreover, the streamline upwind/Petrov‐Galerkin technique is applied to attenuate the oscillations in the saturation solutions. The model accuracy and convergence of the finite element solutions are demonstrated through 1‐dimensional and 2‐dimensional examples, representing resin transfer molding flow processes.
W boson polarization in vector boson scattering at the LHC
Authors: Ballestrero Alessandro , Maina Ezio , Pelliccioli Giovanni 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Measuring the scattering of longitudinally-polarized vector bosons represents a fundamental test of ElectroWeak Symmetry Breaking.
In addition to the challenges provided by low rates and large backgrounds, there are conceptual issues which need to be clarified for the definition of a suitable signal. Since vector bosons are unstable and can only be observed through their decay products, the polarization states interfere among themselves. Moreover, already at tree level, there are diagrams which cannot be interpreted as production times decay of EW bosons but are necessary for gauge invariance.
We discuss a possible way to define a cross section for polarized W ’s, dropping all non resonant diagrams, and projecting on shell the resonant ones, thus preserving gauge invariance. In most cases, the sum of polarized distributions reproduces the full results. In the absence of cuts, the ratios of the polarized cross sections to the full one agree with the results of a standard projection on Legendre polynomials. While the latter cannot be employed in a realistic environment, a comparison of the data with the shapes of the angular distributions for polarized vector bosons allows the extraction of the polarization fractions in the presence of selection cuts on the charged leptons.
Responses to relaxed and reverse selection in strains artificially selected for duration of death-feigning behavior in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Divergent lines selected artificially for many generations make it possible to answer two questions: (1) whether genetic variation still exists within the selected population; and (2) whether the selection itself is costly for the selected strain. In previous studies, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum was divergently selected artificially for duration of death-feigning, and strains selected for longer (L-strain) and shorter (S-strain) durations of death-feigning have been established (Miyatake et al. 2004, 2008). Because the selection experiments have been conducted for more than 27 generations, genetic variation may be eroded. Furthermore, because another previous study reported physiological costs to L-strains, the L-strains selected artificially for longer duration of death-feigning may have suffered more costs than the S-strains. In the present study, therefore, we relaxed the selection pressure after the 27th or 30th generation of S- and L-strains. We also carried out reverse selection during the most recent eight generations of S- and L-strains. The results showed that each strain clearly responded to relaxation of selection and reverse selection, suggesting that (1) additive genetic variation still existed in both strains after long-term selection, and (2) selection for shorter and longer duration of death-feigning was costly. These results suggest that anti-predator behavior is controlled by many loci, and longer or shorter duration of death-feigning is costly in a laboratory without predators.
Correction to: Tree hollows can affect epiphyte species composition
Authors: Tatsumi Shinichi , Ohgue Takayuki , Azuma Wakana , Tuovinen Veera , Imada Yume , Mori Akira S. , Thor Göran , Ranlund Åsa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTree hollows often harbor animals and microorganisms, thereby storing nutritive resources derived from their biological activities. The outflows from tree hollows can create unique microenvironments, which may affect communities of epiphytic organisms on trunk surfaces below the hollows. In this study, we tested whether the species richness and composition of epiphytic bryophytes (liverworts and mosses) and lichens differ above and below tree hollows of Aria japonica and Cercidiphyllum japonicum in a Japanese temperate forest. The species richness of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens did not differ above and below hollows; however, the species composition of bryophytes differed significantly above and below hollows. Indicator species analyses showed that the moss species Anomodon tristis and the liverwort species Porella vernicosa were significantly more common below than above hollows, while the liverwort species Radula japonica and four lichen species, including Leptogium cyanescens, occurred more frequently above than below hollows. Our results highlight that tree hollows can produce unique microenvironments on trunk surfaces that potentially contribute to the maintenance of epiphytic diversity on a local scale.