bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Unresolved Scales on Analogue Forecasting Ensembles
Authors: Platzer Paul , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing similar states in a database called “catalogue” such as a reanalysis, analogues provide simple yet efficient ensemble forecasts in atmospheric and ocean sciences. Typically performed on low-resolution images of large-scale atmospheric or ocean circulation, analogue forecasting encounters uncertainties due to unresolved small spatial scales, as the latter contribute to the time-evolution of the circulation but not to the similarity criterion used to search for analogues. Another source of uncertainty are the finite distances between the analogues and the initial target large-scale variables. We disentangle these two sources of uncertainty using a modified version of the Lorenz system, where stochastic terms account for unresolved small spatial scales. For large enough catalogue size and forecast horizon, we show that the analogue forecasting ensemble spread is dominated by the effect of stochastic terms, with only little influence of the initial analogue-to-target distances. Conversely, for short-term forecast and small catalogue size, the analogue ensemble is mostly influenced by initial analogue-to-target distances and not by the effects of unresolved scales. This result calls for adjustments of the classical analogue method for small forecast horizons.
Particle-Based Algorithm for Stochastic Optimal Control
Authors: Reich Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe solution to a stochastic optimal control problem can be determined by computing the value function from a discretization of the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Alternatively, the problem can be reformulated in terms of a pair of forward-backward SDEs, which makes Monte–Carlo techniques applicable. More recently, the problem has also been viewed from the perspective of forward and reverse time SDEs and their associated Fokker–Planck equations. This approach is closely related to techniques used in diffusion-based generative models. Forward and reverse time formulations express the value function as the ratio of two probability density functions; one stemming from a forward McKean–Vlasov SDE and another one from a reverse McKean–Vlasov SDE. In this chapter, we extend this approach to a more general class of stochastic optimal control problems and combine it with ensemble Kalman filter type and diffusion map approximation techniques in order to obtain efficient and robust particle-based algorithms.
Collisions of Burgers Bores with Nonlinear Waves
Authors: Dombret Albert , Holm Darryl D. , Hu Ruiao , Street Oliver D. , Wang Hanchun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter treats nonlinear wave-current interactions in their simplest form—as an overtaking collision. In one spatial dimension, the chapter investigates the collision interaction formulated as an initial value problem of a Burgers bore overtaking solutions of two types of nonlinear wave equations—Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS). The bore-wave state arising after the overtaking Burgers-KdV collision in numerical simulations is found to depend qualitatively on the balance between nonlinearity and dispersion in the KdV equation. The Burgers-KdV system is also made stochastic by following the stochastic advection by Lie transport approach (SALT).
Derivation of Stochastic Models for Coastal Waves
Authors: Debussche Arnaud , Mémin Etienne , Moneyron Antoine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we consider a stochastic nonlinear formulation of classical coastal waves models under location uncertainty (LU). In the formal setting investigated here, stochastic versions of the Serre-Green-Naghdi, Boussinesq and classical shallow water wave models are obtained through an asymptotic expansion, which is similar to the one operated in the deterministic setting. However, modified advection terms emerge, together with advection noise terms. These terms are well-known features arising from the LU formalism, based on momentum conservation principle.
Risk score for early prognostication of aseptic bone flap necrosis
Authors: Barthel Lennart , Hetze Susann , Gembruch Oliver , Chihi Mehdi , Oppong Marvin Darkwah , Ahmadipour Yahya , Dammann Philipp , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Aseptic bone flap necrosis (ABFN) is a common complication of autologous cranioplasty that often requires reoperation. This study aimed to create a risk score for ABFN using relevant demographic, clinical, and laboratory markers.

Methods
We included all patients who underwent autologous cranioplasty after decompressive surgery between 2007 and 2019. We collected laboratory data, initial clinical diagnoses, and demographic parameters before autologous bone flap reimplantation. The significant predictors of ABFN identified in the final multivariate analysis were used to develop a risk score.

Results
Of the 412 patients who underwent craniectomy, 58 (14%, 32 females: 55.2%) developed ABFN. The following independent predictors of ABFN were included in the risk score (0–7 points): craniectomy due to trauma or hemorrhagic stroke (2 points), younger age (< 40 years, 2 points), cranioplasty timing (> 95 days post-craniectomy, 1 point), glutamate-pyruvate transferase < 18 U/L (1 point), and serum creatinine level < 0.815 mg/dL (1 point). The ABFN rates in patients with scores of 0–2, 3–4, and 5–7 points were 4.2%, 16.1%, and 34.6%, respectively. The risk score demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy for predicting ABFN, with an area under the curve of 0.739.

Conclusion
The proposed risk score may help in early identification of individuals prone to ABFN. These data suggest that future studies should investigate the significance of metabolic syndromes related to ABFN occurrence. Understanding the potential impact of metabolic factors on ABFN can enhance risk assessment and targeted preventive measures for patients undergoing cranioplasty procedures.
Manualised Attachment-Based Interventions for Improving Caregiver-Infant Relationships: A Two-Stage Systematic Review
Authors: Wittkowski A. , Crompton C. , Wan M. W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs attachment-based interventions can improve caregiver-infant relationships and their subsequent psychological outcomes, the identification of relevant and effective interventions can facilitate their implementation into clinical practice. This systematic review aimed to a) provide an overview of manualised attachment-based interventions, without video-feedback as the main component, for caregivers and infants from conception to two years, and b) determine which of these interventions were effective in demonstrating improvements in caregiver-infant relational outcomes. To identify eligible interventions and their empirical evidence base, two search stages were conducted for 1) relevant interventions and 2) studies of interventions identified in the first stage that focussed on caregiver-infant relational outcomes. All studies included in Stage 2 were quality assessed and findings analysed. Twenty-six interventions were eligible for inclusion at Stage 1 but studies reporting on relational outcomes were identified for 16 interventions only. Forty studies reporting on those 16 interventions met inclusion criteria and were synthesised at Stage 2. Most studies were of good quality. Observer-rated measures were used in 90% of studies. There was evidence for these interventions in relation to improving caregiver-infant relational outcomes: 80% of studies reported a statistically significant positive change in a relational outcome for the intervention compared to pre-intervention or control group. The most promising evidence was identified for Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC), Minding the Baby (MTB) and Circle of Security (COS). This systematic review offers guidance to healthcare professionals, commissioners and policymakers within perinatal sectors in relation to the training, delivery and implementation of evidenced manualised attachment-based interventions.
Perception of and adjustment to adverse weather events among smallholder coffee farmers in Rwanda
Authors: Gather Johanna , Wollni Meike 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChanging temperature and precipitation patterns threaten smallholder farmers producing coffee. Adaptation is crucial, and perceiving adverse weather events as a risk is the first step towards it. The study, therefore, investigated the link between smallholder coffee farmers' perception of adverse weather events and their adjustments to them. First, four distinct groups of farmers can be distinguished based on their risk perception of adverse weather events. Results show that farmers' risk perception is connected to changes in the timing of the seasons and the expected amount of precipitation. Most farmers in the sample adjust to the adverse weather events they experience. Results also found that farmers’ risk perception and adjustment decisions are closely linked.
Dye-sensitized solar cells achieved with multi-layered SnO2/ZnO composite photoanodes through precise control of thickness and composition
Authors: Weerasinghe M. I. U. , Kumarasinghe K. D. M. S. P. K. , Karunarathne Buddhika C. , Kumarage P. M. L. , Bandara T. M. W. J. , Tennakone Kirthi , Albinsson I. , Mellander B. E. , Kumara G. R. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe spin coating is cost-effective, straightforward, and highly suitable for the large-scale production of solar cells. In this study, we report the fabrication of SnO2/ZnO composite films for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using a simplified and cost-effective spin-coating technique on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates. This study introduces a new way of preparing a multi-layered composite thin film using a suspension containing colloidal SnO2 nanoparticles and ZnO nanoparticles followed by sonication and aging of TiO2-free high-efficiency DSCs. Our approach provides a facile way of obtaining a uniform film of tunable thickness with high reproducibility by adjusting the total number of coating cycles. The spin-coating process achieved a nano-sized SnO2-covered ZnO layer, contributing to enhanced conversion efficiency in DSCs. A specific number of seven coating cycles was identified as optimal for achieving the aspirational performance. Under standard AM 1.5 irradiation with an intensity of 100 mW/ cm2, the fabricated SnO2/ZnO composite films revealed an overall energy conversion efficiency of 6.5% with a thickness of 2.06 µm which is impressive for a TiO2-free DSC. This achievement indicates the potential of the developed fabrication process for cost-effective and scalable production of efficient DSCs with SnO2/ZnO composite.
The impact of institutional and managerial ownership on the pay-performance relationship: Evidence from JSE-listed firms
Authors: Nel George , Jachi Moses , Scholtz Henriette 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study explores how institutional and managerial ownership influence the connection between executive directors’ pay and firm performance in South Africa. Employing panel linear regression models and Johnson-Neyman analysis, complex insights are revealed. This study revealed that institutional ownership acts as a double-edged sword, positively moderating the link between long-term and total incentive remuneration and Return on Assets (ROA), while negatively influencing the relationship with market-based metrics like Tobin’s Q. This suggests that institutional shareholders play a dual role in enhancing long-term alignment and tempering short-term performance pressures. Managerial ownership also demonstrates mixed impacts, positively moderating the relationship between both short-term and total incentive remuneration, and ROA, but negatively moderating the link between long-term incentive remuneration and Total Shareholder Return (TSR). These findings underscore the delicate balance between managerial incentives, shareholder interests, and long-term value creation. While higher managerial ownership aligns with short-term shareholder goals, it may also lead to managerial entrenchment and short-termism in certain contexts. This study contributes to literature on corporate governance and executive remuneration in an emerging market setting.. By revealing the nuanced effects of institutional and managerial ownership on the pay-performance relationship, the paper provides valuable insights for policymakers, investors and corporate leaders aiming to improve governance practices and foster sustainable value creation. Our study offers essential implications for corporate governance practices and sets the stage for further inquiry into the intricate relationship between ownership structure, executive compensation, and firm performance.
Digital Health Delivery of Parenting Skills to Improve Conduct Problems in Middle School Youth Across Two Distinct Randomized Trials
Authors: Stormshak Elizabeth , Connell Arin , Mauricio Anne Marie , McLaughlin Morgan , Caruthers Allison 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated direct and indirect effects of the Family Check-Up Online (FCU-O) across two distinct randomized trials with middle school youth and families. The FCU-O is a digital health adaptation of the Family Check-Up that is delivered in a brief, online format with supportive coaching. The FCU-O was delivered to parents of middle school youth with a focus on targeting both proximal and distal outcomes that impact the development of conduct problems, including a range of parenting skills, effortful control, and youth emotional problems. Participants were primary caregivers of children aged 10 to 14 years. Eligibility varied across the trials and included endorsing depression or significant stress, or having a child enrolled in a school with limited resources. A total of 374 participants across trials were included in the analysis and were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or control. Using Integrative Data Analytic techniques, we examined the effects of random assignment on a range of outcomes, including emotional and behavior problems, parenting skills, parenting confidence, and effortful control. We examined the indirect effects of the FCU-O on changes in conduct problems from baseline to 6 months via changes in mediator variables at the first follow-up assessment (2–3 months). The FCU-O improved emotional problems, effortful control, parenting confidence, and parent sense of importance at the first follow-up. Mediation analyses suggested indirect effects on conduct problems at 6-month follow-up via improvements in effortful control and emotional problems, but not via improvements in parenting confidence or sense of parenting importance. Results indicate the FCU-O has potential as a public health intervention for families with middle school youth to reduce behavioral risk. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 03060291; NCT 05117099.
Expert knowledge and the administrative state
Authors: Lofthouse Jordan K. , Schaefer Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the past century, the administrative state has vastly expanded its power and political independence of Congress. Some prominent academic voices, such as Cass Sunstein and Joseph Heath, have argued that we should endorse the administrative state’s large and growing powers to reap the benefits of technical expertise. We introduce an important qualification to that claim by highlighting the contingency of expert knowledge. The reliability of expertise is institutionally sensitive, and the centralized administrative state is plagued by epistemic drawbacks. The contingency of expert knowledge means that, although experts supply crucial inputs into intelligent policy design, without the correct epistemic ecosystem, expert rule is likely to produce expert failure. After presenting that qualification, we show how introducing competition, contestation, and diversity into the bureaucracy’s epistemic ecosystem facilitates the discovery, communication, and implementation of useful knowledge. The institutional structure we prescribe therefore resembles the Ostromian idea of polycentric governance. Such an institutional structure, we argue, is better able to harness the benefits of expertise while mitigating the pathologies of the centralized administrative state. We argue that polycentric political systems can enhance the effectiveness of expertise.
Development and in vitro evaluation of a lignin-PLGA nanocarrier for florfenicol delivery
Authors: Trif Emilia , Astete Carlos E. , Libi Sumit , Pall Emoke , Tripon Septimiu , Coman Cristina , Olah Diana , Potârniche Adrian Valentin , Sabliov Cristina M. , Cerbu Constantin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Florfenicol (FF) is a widely used antimicrobial in veterinary medicine because of its broad antimicrobial activity, although it has certain limitations and raises concerns about the development of antimicrobial resistance genes. These limitations highlight the need to explore novel drug with controlled release systems to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of FF, while minimizing the potential for resistance development. This study introduces an innovative approach for the design, synthesis, and evaluation of lignin-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-FF nanoparticles. By leveraging the properties of PLGA and lignin, this study aimed to augment the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of FF, thereby enabling dosage reduction and consequently diminishing the likelihood of resistance emergence and other limitations. Lignin-PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating FF were synthesized and characterized to assess their physicochemical properties, such as particle size, zeta potential, and drug loading efficiency. The release profile, antimicrobial efficacy, and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Comparative analyses with standard FF formulations were performed to ascertain the superior performance and potential benefits of the nanoparticle-based antimicrobials. Our findings indicate that the synthesized lignin-PLGA nanoparticles exhibited favorable drug delivery attributes, including a controlled and sustained release mechanism, significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity at reduced concentrations relative to free FF, with minimal cytotoxic effects. Importantly, the nanoparticle system inhibited bacterial biofilm formation, which is a key factor in the onset and spread of antimicrobial resistance. These findings underscore the potential of integrating biodegradable polymers with natural compounds to forge innovative pathways in drug delivery, addressing critical challenges in veterinary medicine.
Group medical visits in cancer survivorship care: a scoping review
Authors: Dixit Niharika , Avilez Leslie , Honcharov Vlad , Knopf Kevin , Bedi Teja , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
More than 60% of cancer survivors report unmet physical, psychosocial, and informational needs. The care of cancer survivors includes surveillance, health maintenance monitoring, referral for long-term adverse effects of cancer treatment, and coordination of care. Group medical visits (GMV) include medical care, education, and peer support and can be used to facilitate the delivery of multidisciplinary survivorship care. We aimed to characterize the current state of related research describing the role of GMV in cancer survivorship care.

Methods
For this scoping review, we searched for published literature using PubMed, Embase, and other resources. We included intervention studies of multidisciplinary care involving GMVs of adult patients with a history of cancer requiring the presence of medical personnel, physicians, advanced practitioners, or oncology nurses. We included studies that focused on broad cancer survivorship care, rather than those using specific modalities, such as yoga, or limited to specific aspects of cancer survivorship care, such as weight loss. We characterized the studies by cancer type, structure of GMVs, and reported outcomes.

Results
We identified 2311 studies (2122 from PubMed and 189 from Embase). We excluded 1524 duplicates and screened 787 studies for title and abstract review. Finally, 63 studies were retrieved for full-text review, and six were included in this scoping review. Of the included studies, four were non-randomized, and two were randomized. Breast cancer was the most common site (4); other studies included breast and other cancers (1) and hematopoietic transplant cancer survivors (1). There was heterogeneity in the structure and frequency of sessions and the survivorship domains addressed. The outcomes studied included quality of life, healthcare utilization, and costs.

Conclusions
Limited high-quality research exists on the role of GMV in cancer survivorship. Though shown to be effective in chronic disease, the evidence for the effectiveness of this important and widely used approach in multidisciplinary survivorship care remains inconsistent and preliminary; the literature to date provides a starting point for larger-scale studies of GMV in cancer survivorship care.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
While Group medical visits are a promising intervention to provide multidisciplinary care, larger studies are needed to support their benefit in the care of cancer survivors.
Flexible Strain Sensors with Ultra-High Sensitivity and Wide Range Enabled by Crack-Modulated Electrical Pathways
Authors: Bai Yunzhao , Zhou Yunlei , Wu Xuanyu , Yin Mengfei , Yin Liting , Qu Shiyuan , Zhang Fan , Li Kan , Huang YongAn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultra-high sensitivity and wide-range sensor, addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement range. Inspired by the structure of bamboo slips, we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric electrode. The resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%. The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response, while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the wearer. Our design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical applications. Through systematic investigation, we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response, offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain sensors. The sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications, from micro-strain to large-strain detection, highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses, demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.
Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum kahawae populations in Burundi
Authors: Niko N. , Blondin L. , Motisi N. , Cilas C. , Neema C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity of Colletotrichum kahawae isolates from Burundi. Sampling was carried out through all coffee growing areas in Burundi. The indices of genetic diversity such as the number of different alleles (Na), the number of effective alleles (Ne) revealed low genetic diversity with an average of 1.900 and 1.196 respectively. Higher than expected heterozygosity and significant linkage disequilibrium are consistent with clonal reproduction. The results showed a weak genetic diversity between the populations from different region and the low value of Fst indicated that the C. kahawae populations of Burundi were weakly differentiated. Our results confirm the clonality of C. kahawae and its low dispersion ability. The weak differentiation between the populations and the occurrence of one clonal lineage in Burundi are consistent with previous study suggesting that the East African populations of C. kahawae are the most recently populations derived from the ancestral Angolan population.