bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of exercise to prevent shoulder problems in women undergoing breast cancer treatment: study protocol for the prevention of shoulder problems trial (UK PROSPER)
Authors: Bruce Julie , Williamson Esther , Lait Clare , Richmond Helen , Betteley Lauren , Lall Ranjit , Petrou Stavros , Rees Sophie , Withers Emma J , Lamb Sarah E , Thompson Alastair M 
Published: March 2018

Musculoskeletal shoulder problems are common after breast cancer treatment. Early postoperative exercises targeting the upper limb may improve shoulder function. This protocol describes a National Institute for Health Research-funded randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an early supervised structured exercise programme compared with usual care, for women at high risk of developing shoulder problems after breast cancer surgery.MethodsThis pragmatic two-armed, multicentre RCT is underway within secondary care in the UK. PRevention Of Shoulder ProblEms tRial (PROSPER) aims to recruit 350 women from approximately 15 UK centres with follow-up at 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months after randomisation. Recruitment processes and intervention development were optimised through qualitative research during a 6-month internal pilot phase. Participants are randomised to the PROSPER intervention or best practice usual care only. The PROSPER intervention is delivered by physiotherapists and incorporates three main components: shoulder-specific exercises targeting range of movement and strength; general physical activity and behavioural strategies to encourage adherence and support exercise behaviour. The primary outcome is upper arm function assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire at 12 months postrandomisation. Secondary outcomes include DASH subscales, acute and chronic pain, complications, health-related quality of life and healthcare resource use. We will interview a subsample of 20 participants to explore their experiences of the trial interventions.DiscussionThe PROSPER study is the first multicentre UK clinical trial to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of supported exercise in the prevention of shoulder problems in high-risk women undergoing breast cancer surgery. The findings will inform future clinical practice and provide valuable insight into the role of physiotherapy-supported exercise in breast cancer rehabilitation.Protocol versionVersion 2.1; dated 11 January 2017Trial registration numberISRCTN35358984; Pre-results.
Lifestyle and vascular risk effects on MRI-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults from the broader New York City area
Authors: Mosconi Lisa , Walters Michelle , Sterling Joanna , Quinn Crystal , McHugh Pauline , Andrews Randolph E , Matthews Dawn C , Ganzer Christine , Osorio Ricardo S , Isaacson Richard S , De Leon Mony J , Convit Antonio 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of lifestyle and vascular-related risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on in vivo MRI-based brain atrophy in asymptomatic young to middle-aged adults.DesignCross-sectional, observational.SettingBroader New York City area. Two research centres affiliated with the Alzheimer’s disease Core Center at New York University School of Medicine.ParticipantsWe studied 116 cognitively normal healthy research participants aged 30–60 years, who completed a three-dimensional T1-weighted volumetric MRI and had lifestyle (diet, physical activity and intellectual enrichment), vascular risk (overweight, hypertension, insulin resistance, elevated cholesterol and homocysteine) and cognition (memory, executive function, language) data. Estimates of cortical thickness for entorhinal (EC), posterior cingulate, orbitofrontal, inferior and middle temporal cortex were obtained by use of automated segmentation tools. We applied confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to evaluate the associations between lifestyle, vascular risk, brain and cognition.ResultsAdherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MeDi) and insulin sensitivity were both positively associated with MRI-based cortical thickness (diet: βs≥0.26, insulin sensitivity βs≥0.58, P≤0.008). After accounting for vascular risk, EC in turn explained variance in memory (P≤0.001). None of the other lifestyle and vascular risk variables were associated with brain thickness. In addition, the path associations between intellectual enrichment and better cognition were significant (βs≥0.25 P≤0.001), as were those between overweight and lower cognition (βs≥-0.22, P≤0.01).ConclusionsIn cognitively normal middle-aged adults, MeDi and insulin sensitivity explained cortical thickness in key brain regions for AD, and EC thickness predicted memory performance in turn. Intellectual activity and overweight were associated with cognitive performance through different pathways. Our findings support further investigation of lifestyle and vascular risk factor modification against brain ageing and AD. More studies with larger samples are needed to replicate these research findings in more diverse, community-based settings.
Opioid use and harms associated with a sustained-release tapentadol formulation: a postmarketing study protocol
Authors: Peacock Amy , Larance Briony , Farrell Michael , Cairns Rose , Buckley Nicholas , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionIt has been argued that tapentadol may pharmacologically have lower abuse potential than other pharmaceutical opioids currently available. However, there has been no comprehensive triangulation of data regarding use and harms associated with this formulation. A sustained-release formulation (SRF) of tapentadol (Palexia) was released in Australia in 2011 and listed for public subsidy in 2013. We summarise here the methods of a postmarketing study which will measure postintroduction: (1) population level availability, (2) extramedical use and diversion, (3) attractiveness for extramedical use and (4) associated harms, of tapentadol compared against other pharmaceutical opioids.Methods and analysisWe evaluated key sources on pharmaceutical use and harms in Australia. This review indicateddata from four sources that disaggregate pharmaceutical opioid formulations and capture tapentadol SRF could be triangulated. These data sources comprised: (1) national pharmaceutical opioid community sales data from 2011 to 2017, (2) national pharmaceutical opioid poisonings reported to Poison Information Centres (PICs) from 2011 to 2017, (3) number of vendors on online marketplaces listing pharmaceutical opioids for sale and (4) data on pharmaceutical opioid extramedical use, attractiveness and harms from interviews with people who regularly inject drugs in Australia.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for use of pharmaceutical sales data. Ethics approval has been obtained for use of national pharmaceutical opioid poisonings reported to PICs (LNR/16/SCHN/44) and for use of online marketplace data and interview data from people who inject drugs (HC12086). Key findings will be published mid-2018 in a peer-reviewed academic journal, and presented at various conferences and professional meetings.
Maternal variants in NLRP and other maternal effect proteins are associated with multilocus imprinting disturbance in offspring
Authors: Begemann Matthias , Rezwan Faisal I , Beygo Jasmin , Docherty Louise E , Kolarova Julia , Schroeder Christopher , Buiting Karin , Chokkalingam Kamal , Degenhardt Franziska , Wakeling Emma L , Kleinle Stephanie , González Fassrainer Daniela , Oehl-Jaschkowitz Barbara , Turner Claire L S , Patalan Michal , Gizewska Maria , Binder Gerhard , Bich Ngoc Can Thi , Chi Dung Vu , Mehta Sarju G , Baynam Gareth , Hamilton-Shield Julian P , Aljareh Sara , Lokulo-Sodipe Oluwakemi , Horton Rachel , Siebert Reiner , Elbracht Miriam , Temple Isabel Karen , Eggermann Thomas , Mackay Deborah J G 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundGenomic imprinting results from the resistance of germline epigenetic marks to reprogramming in the early embryo for a small number of mammalian genes. Genetic, epigenetic or environmental insults that prevent imprints from evading reprogramming may result in imprinting disorders, which impact growth, development, behaviour and metabolism. We aimed to identify genetic defects causing imprinting disorders by whole-exome sequencing in families with one or more members affected by multilocus imprinting disturbance.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was performed in 38 pedigrees where probands had multilocus imprinting disturbance, in five of whom maternal variants in NLRP5 have previously been found.ResultsWe now report 15 further pedigrees in which offspring had disturbance of imprinting, while their mothers had rare, predicted-deleterious variants in maternal effect genes, including NLRP2, NLRP7 and PADI6. As well as clinical features of well-recognised imprinting disorders, some offspring had additional features including developmental delay, behavioural problems and discordant monozygotic twinning, while some mothers had reproductive problems including pregnancy loss.ConclusionThe identification of 20 putative maternal effect variants in 38 families affected by multilocus imprinting disorders adds to the evidence that maternal genetic factors affect oocyte fitness and thus offspring development. Testing for maternal-effect genetic variants should be considered in families affected by atypical imprinting disorders.
Thrombectomy using the EmboTrap device: core laboratory-assessed results in 201 consecutive patients in a real-world setting
Authors: Brouwer Patrick A , Yeo Leonard L L , Holmberg Ake , Andersson Tommy , Kolloch Jens , KuntzeSöderqvist Åsa , Ohlsson Marcus , Holmin Staffan , Anastasios Mpotsaris , Gontu Vamsi Krishna , Bhogal Paul , Söderman Michael 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWe studied patients treated with the EmboTrap revascularization device in a prospective registry which is core laboratory evaluated by physicians from external centers. The goal was to determine how the EmboTrap would perform under the everyday conditions of a high-volume stroke center.MethodsWe examined all patients with acute stroke treated with the Embotrap device from October 2013 to March 2017 in our center. Imaging parameters and times were adjudicated by core laboratory personnel blinded to clinical information, treating physician, and clinical outcomes. Clinical evaluation was performed by independent neurologists and entered in a national registry. Evaluated endpoints were: successful revascularization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b–3) and good clinical outcomes at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2).Results201 consecutive patients with a median NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 15 (range 2–30) were included. 170 patients (84.6%) achieved mTICI 2b–3 reperfusion. The median number of attempts was 2 (range 1–10) with 52.8% of the population achieving good functional outcomes (mRS 0–2) at 3 months. On univariate analysis, good functional outcome was associated with the number of attempts, puncture-to-reperfusion time, anterior circulation occlusion, and NIHSS score. On multivariate analysis, pre-treatment NIHSS (OR 0.845 per point, 95% CI 0.793 to 0.908, P<0.001) and puncture-to-reperfusion time (OR 0.9952 per min, 95% CI 0.9914 to 0.9975, P=0.023) were associated with good functional outcomes at 3 months.ConclusionThe Embotrap device has a high rate of successful reperfusion. Our core laboratory-audited single-center experience suggests the technical feasibility and safety of the Embotrap for first-line use in a real-world setting.
Meta-analyses in environmental and occupational health
Authors: Ioannidis John P A 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesMeta-analyses are considered generally as the highest level of evidence, but concerns have been voiced about their massive, low-quality production. This paper aimed to evaluate the landscape of meta-analyses in the field of occupational and environmental health and medicine.MethodsUsing relevant search terms, all meta-analyses were searched for, but those published in 2015 were assessed for their origin, whether they included randomised trials and individual-level data and whether they had authors from the industry or consultancy firms.ResultsPubMed searches (last update February 2017) identified 1251 eligible meta-analyses in this field. There was a rapid increase over time (n=16 published in 1995 vs n=163 published in 2015). Of the 163 eligible meta-analyses published in 2015, 49 were from China, followed at a distance by the USA (n=19). Only 16 considered randomised (intervention) trials and 13 included individual-level data. Only 1 of the 150 meta-analyses had industry authors and none had consultancy firm authors. As an example of conflicting findings, 12 overlapping meta-analyses addressed mobile phones and brain cancer risk and they differed substantially in number of studies included, eligibility criteria and conclusions.ConclusionsThere has been a major increase in the publication of meta-analyses in occupational and environmental health over time, with the majority of these studies focusing on observational data, while a commendable fraction used individual-level data. Authorship is still limited largely to academic and non-profit authors. With massive production of meta-analyses, redundancy needs to be anticipated and efforts should be made to safeguard quality and protect from bias.
Occupational exposures and 20-year incidence of COPD: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Authors: Lytras Theodore , Kogevinas Manolis , Kromhout Hans , Carsin Anne-Elie , Antó Josep M , Bentouhami Hayat , Weyler Joost , Heinrich Joachim , Nowak Dennis , Urrutia Isabel , Martinez-Moratalla Jesús , Gullón José Antonio , Pereira-Vega Antonio , Raherison-Semjen Chantal , Pin Isabelle , Demoly Pascal , Leynaert Bénédicte , Villani Simona , Gislason Thorarinn , Svanes Cecilie , Holm Mathias , Forsberg Bertil , Norbäck Dan , Mehta Amar J , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Benke Geza , Jogi Rain , Torén Kjell , Sigsgaard Torben , Schlünssen Vivi , Olivieri Mario , Blanc Paul D , Vermeulen Roel , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , Jarvis Deborah , Zock Jan-Paul 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundOccupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of COPD. However, few studies have related objectively assessed occupational exposures to prospectively assessed incidence of COPD, using postbronchodilator lung function tests. Our objective was to examine the effect of occupational exposures on COPD incidence in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.MethodsGeneral population samples aged 20–44 were randomly selected in 1991–1993 and followed up 20 years later (2010–2012). Spirometry was performed at baseline and at follow-up, with incident COPD defined using a lower limit of normal criterion for postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC. Only participants without COPD and without current asthma at baseline were included. Coded job histories during follow-up were linked to a Job-Exposure Matrix, generating occupational exposure estimates to 12 categories of agents. Their association with COPD incidence was examined in log-binomial models fitted in a Bayesian framework.Findings3343 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 89 of them had COPD at follow-up (1.4 cases/1000 person-years). Participants exposed to biological dust had a higher incidence of COPD compared with those unexposed (relative risk (RR) 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3), as did those exposed to gases and fumes (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2) and pesticides (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8). The combined population attributable fraction for these exposures was 21.0%.InterpretationThese results substantially strengthen the evidence base for occupational exposures as an important risk factor for COPD.
Price, tax and tobacco product substitution in Zambia: findings from the ITC Zambia Surveys
Authors: Stoklosa Michal , Goma Fastone , Nargis Nigar , Drope Jeffrey , Chelwa Grieve , Chisha Zunda , Fong Geoffrey T 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIn Zambia, the number of cigarette users is growing, and the lack of strong tax policies is likely an important cause. When adjusted for inflation, levels of tobacco tax have not changed since 2007. Moreover, roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco, a less-costly alternative to factory-made (FM) cigarettes, is highly prevalent.Data and methodsWe modelled the probability of FM and RYO cigarette smoking using individual-level data obtained from the 2012 and 2014 waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Zambia Survey. We used two estimation methods: the standard estimation method involving separate random effects probit models and a method involving a system of equations (incorporating bivariate seemingly unrelated random effects probit) to estimate price elasticities of FM and RYO cigarettes and their cross-price elasticities.ResultsThe estimated price elasticities of smoking prevalence are −0.20 and −0.03 for FM and RYO cigarettes, respectively. FM and RYO are substitutes; that is, when the price of one of the products goes up, some smokers switch to the other product. The effects are stronger for substitution from FM to RYO than vice versa.ConclusionsThis study affirms that increasing cigarette tax with corresponding price increases could significantly reduce cigarette use in Zambia. Furthermore, reducing between-product price differences would reduce substitution from FM to RYO. Since RYO use is associated with lower socioeconomic status, efforts to decrease RYO use, including through tax/price approaches and cessation assistance, would decrease health inequalities in Zambian society and reduce the negative economic consequences of tobacco use experienced by the poor.
Bronchial blocker‐induced bronchospasm in a dog
Authors: Mirra Alessandro , Iff Isabelle 
Published: March 2018

A 12‐year‐old female labrador retriever weighing 27 kg required anaesthesia for an explorative thoracoscopy and intrathoracic mass biopsy. One lung ventilation was achieved using a bronchial blocker. After surgery, the dog was moved to the induction room with the bronchial blocker still in place. Once reconnected to an anaesthetic machine, absent capnography trace during mechanical ventilation, increased circuit pressure during manual ventilation and reduced tidal volume with subsequent haemoglobin desaturation occurred. After excluding other possible causes, bronchospasm due to direct bronchial blocker stimulation was suspected. Removal of the bronchial blocker, reintubation with a new endotracheal tube, administration of ketamine, adrenaline, isoflurane, theophylline and salbutamol led to the resolution of the clinical symptoms within four hours. No further episodes occurred. The dog was discharged in good general conditions seven days later.
Preferential formation of a slide plane in translational submarine landslide deposits in a Pleistocene forearc basin fill exposed in east-central Japan
Authors: Utsunomiya Masayuki , Noda Atsushi , Otsubo Makoto 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Tephra beds are considered to be potential failure planes for submarine landslides. Here, we report on an example of a coarse-ash/lapilli-tuff bed influencing translational slides. The studied mass-transport deposit (MTD) is intercalated in the Pleistocene forearc basin fill exposed in east-central Japan. This MTD consists of stacked siltstone blocks resulting from repeated imbricate thrusts branching from the décollement. The basal slide plane is located immediately below a pumice-rich coarse ash/lapilli-tuff bed. The material comprising the slip zone is injected into the overlying coarse-ash/lapilli-tuff bed, suggesting an upwards escape of excess porewater that resulted from elevated pore pressure. To explain this mode of occurrence, we propose that the detachment preferentially occurred at the top and base of the coarse-ash-tuff-rich interval which appears to have been stronger relative to the adjacent silt-dominated interval. The pumiceous coarse-ash and lapilli-tuff bed behaved as a rigid plate on top of the high-pore-pressure slip zone, which sustained the translational slide on the gentle continental slope. Therefore, in translational submarine landslides, the preferential formation of a slide plane is caused by differing frictional resistances in the layered sediments.
Bulgarian tsunami on 7 May 2007: numerical investigation of the hypothesis of a submarine-landslide origin
Authors: Gusev Oleg I. , Khakimzyanov Gayaz S. , Chubarov Leonid B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We investigate the ability of a submarine landslide to generate the tsunami waves observed on the Bulgarian coast of Black Sea on 7 May 2007. In our simulations, a landslide is presented as a quasi-deformable body moving along a curvilinear slope under action of the forces of gravity, buoyancy, water resistance and bottom friction. We employ the fully non-linear weakly dispersive model for tsunami wave simulations. The computations show that the initial landslide position on the real slope is extremely important for its dynamics and the wave generation process. We constructed some model landslides which generated similar waves to those observed. Moreover, these landslides stopped in the same region. Finally, we evaluated the significance of the frequency dispersion effects in the simulations.
A Large-Scale, Exome-Wide Association Study of Han Chinese Women Identifies Three Novel Loci Predisposing to Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Men-Yun , Shen Yu-Jun , Zhuo Xian-Bo , Gao Ping , Zhou Fu-Sheng , Liang Bo , Zu Jun , Zhang Qin , Suleman Sufyan , Xu Yi-Hui , Xu Min-Gui , Xu Jin-Kai , Liu Chen-Cheng , Giannareas Nikolaos , Xia Ji-Han , Zhao Yuan , Huang Zhong-Lian , Yang Zhen , Cheng Huai-Dong , Li Na , Hong Yan-Yan , Li Wei , Zhang Min-Jun , Yu Ke-Da , Li Guoliang , Sun Meng-Hong , Chen Zhen-Dong , Wei Gong-Hong , Shao Zhi-Min 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 90 susceptibility loci for breast cancer. However, the missing heritability is evident, and the contributions of coding variants to breast cancer susceptibility have not yet been systematically evaluated. Here, we present a large-scale whole-exome association study for breast cancer consisting of 24,162 individuals (10,055 cases and 14,107 controls). In addition to replicating known susceptibility loci (e.g., ESR1, FGFR2, and TOX3), we identify two novel missense variants in C21orf58 (rs13047478, Pmeta = 4.52 × 10−8) and ZNF526 (rs3810151, Pmeta = 7.60 × 10−9) and one new noncoding variant at 7q21.11 (P &lt; 5 × 10−8). C21orf58 and ZNF526 possessed functional roles in the control of breast cancer cell growth, and the two coding variants were found to be the eQTL for several nearby genes. rs13047478 was significantly (P &lt; 5.00 × 10−8) associated with the expression of genes MCM3AP and YBEY in breast mammary tissues. rs3810151 was found to be significantly associated with the expression of genes PAFAH1B3 (P = 8.39 × 10−8) and CNFN (P = 3.77 × 10−4) in human blood samples. C21orf58 and ZNF526, together with these eQTL genes, were differentially expressed in breast tumors versus normal breast. Our study reveals additional loci and novel genes for genetic predisposition to breast cancer and highlights a polygenic basis of disease development.
Significance: Large-scale genetic screening identifies novel missense variants and a noncoding variant as predisposing factors for breast cancer. Cancer Res; 78(11); 3087–97. ©2018 AACR.