bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Superior, Coking‐Resistant, Nickel‐Based Anodes through Tailoring Interfacial Reactions for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operated on Methane Fuel
Authors: Qu Jifa , Wang Wei , Chen Yubo , Li Haidong , Zhong Yijun , Yang Guangming , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe reaction between a Ni−Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (Ni‐YSZ) cermet anode and La5.4WO12−δ (LW) during cell fabrication is utilized to reduce carbon deposition in solid oxide fuel cells operated on methane fuel. The effect of the phase reactions on the microstructure, electrical conductivity, chemical interactions, and coking resistance of the anodes are systematically investigated. NixWy and La‐doped YSZ are formed by phase reactions and the synergistic effect between them increases the coking resistance dramatically. 2 wt % is demonstrated to be the optimal amount of LW to modify Ni‐YSZ to achieve best coking resistance. The cell with Ni‐YSZ‐2 wt % LW anode demonstrates a superior peak power density of 943 mW cm−2 at 800 °C with humidified methane as fuel, which is 10 % higher than that of Ni‐YSZ (859 mW cm−2). Furthermore, the cell is stable for 200 h in methane fuel with no clear performance degradation while the cell with unmodified anode fails after 0.5 h's operation. In summary, we provide a new way to rationally design Ni‐based cermet anode with high electrocatalytic activity and excellent coking resistance.
Relationships between plant drought response, traits, and climate of origin for green roof plant selection
Authors: Du Pengzhen , Arndt Stefan K. , Farrell Claire 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ideal species for green or vegetated roofs should have high water use after rainfall to maximize stormwater retention but also survive periods with low water availability in dry substrates. Shrubs have great potential for green roofs because they have higher rates of water use, and many species are also drought tolerant. However, not all shrub species will be suitable and there may be a trade‐off between water use and drought tolerance. We conducted a glasshouse experiment to determine the possible trade‐offs between shrub water use for stormwater management and their response to drought conditions. We selected 20 shrubs from a wide range of climates of origin, represented by heat moisture index (HMI) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Under well‐watered (WW) and water‐deficit (WD) conditions, we assessed morphological responses to water availability; evapotranspiration rate (ET) and midday water potential (ΨMD) were used to evaluate species water use and drought response. In response to WD, all 20 shrubs adjusted their morphology and physiology. However, there were no species that simultaneously achieved high rates of water use (high ET) under WW and high drought tolerance (low ΨMD) under WD conditions. Although some species which had high water use under WW conditions could avoid drought stress (high ΨMD). Water use was strongly related to plant biomass, total leaf area, and leaf traits (specific leaf area [SLA] and leaf area ratio [LAR]). Conversely, drought response (ΨMD) was not related to morphological traits. Species’ climate of origin was not related to drought response or water use. Drought‐avoiding shrubs (high ΨMD) could optimize rainfall reduction on green roofs. Water use was related to biomass, leaf area, and leaf traits; thus, these traits could be used to assist the selection of shrubs for stormwater mitigation on green roofs. The natural distribution of species was not related to their water use or drought response, which suggests that shrubs from less arid climates may be suitable for use on green roofs. Selecting species based on traits and not climate of origin could both improve green roof performance and biodiversity outcomes by expanding the current plant palette.
Compound‐specific isotope analysis of benthic foraminifer amino acids suggests microhabitat variability in rocky‐shore environments
Authors: Tsuchiya Masashi , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Nomaki Hidetaka , Sasaki Yoko , Tame Akihiro , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe abundance and biomass of benthic foraminifera are high in intertidal rocky‐shore habitats. However, the availability of food to support their high biomass has been poorly studied in these habitats compared to those at seafloor covered by sediments. Previous field and laboratory observations have suggested that there is diversity in the food preferences and modes of life among rocky‐shore benthic foraminifera. In this study, we used the stable nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids to estimate the trophic position, trophic niche, and feeding strategy of individual foraminifera species. We also characterized the configuration and structure of the endobiotic microalgae in foraminifera using transmission electron microscopy, and we identified the origin of endobionts based on nucleotide sequences. Our results demonstrated a large variation in the trophic positions of different foraminifera from the same habitat, a reflection of endobiotic features and the different modes of life and food preferences of the foraminifera. Foraminifera did not rely solely on exogenous food sources. Some species effectively used organic matter derived from endobionts in the cell cytoplasm. The high biomass and species density of benthic foraminifera found in intertidal rocky‐shore habitats are thus probably maintained by the use of multiple nitrogen resources and by microhabitat segregation among species as a consequence.
Laboulbeniales hyperparasites (Fungi, Ascomycota) of bat flies: Independent origins and host associations
Authors: Haelewaters Danny , Page Rachel A. , Pfister Donald H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the diversity of ectoparasitic fungi (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) that use bat flies (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) as hosts. Bat flies themselves live as ectoparasites on the fur and wing membranes of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera); hence this is a tripartite parasite system. Here, we collected bats, bat flies, and Laboulbeniales, and conducted phylogenetic analyses of Laboulbeniales to contrast morphology with ribosomal sequence data. Parasitism of bat flies by Laboulbeniales arose at least three times independently, once in the Eastern Hemisphere (Arthrorhynchus) and twice in the Western Hemisphere (Gloeandromyces, Nycteromyces). We hypothesize that the genera Arthrorhynchus and Nycteromyces evolved independently from lineages of ectoparasites of true bugs (Hemiptera). We assessed phylogenetic diversity of the genus Gloeandromyces by considering the LSU rDNA region. Phenotypic plasticity and position‐induced morphological adaptations go hand in hand. Different morphotypes belong to the same phylogenetic species. Two species, G. pageanus and G. streblae, show divergence by host utilization. In our assessment of coevolution, we only observe congruence between the Old World clades of bat flies and Laboulbeniales. The other associations are the result of the roosting ecology of the bat hosts. This study has considerably increased our knowledge about bats and their associated ectoparasites and shown the necessity of including molecular data in Laboulbeniales taxonomy.
Food quality and quantity are more important in explaining foraging of an intermediate‐sized mammalian herbivore than predation risk or competition
Authors: Weterings Martijn J. A. , Moonen Sander , Prins Herbert H. T. , van Wieren Sipke E. , van Langevelde Frank 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring times of high activity by predators and competitors, herbivores may be forced to forage in patches of low‐quality food. However, the relative importance in determining where and what herbivores forage still remains unclear, especially for small‐ and intermediate‐sized herbivores. Our objective was to test the relative importance of predator and competitor activity, and forage quality and quantity on the proportion of time spent in a vegetation type and the proportion of time spent foraging by the intermediate‐sized herbivore European hare (Lepus europaeus). We studied red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a predator species and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a competitor. We investigated the time spent at a location and foraging time of hare usingGPSwith accelerometers. Forage quality and quantity were analyzed based on hand‐plucked samples of a selection of the locally most important plant species in the diet of hare. Predator activity and competitor activity were investigated using a network of camera traps. Hares spent a higher proportion of time in vegetation types that contained a higher percentage of fibers (i.e.,NDF). Besides, hares spent a higher proportion of time in vegetation types that contained relatively low food quantity and quality of forage (i.e., high percentage of fibers) during days that foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were more active. Also during days that rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were more active, hares spent a higher proportion of time foraging in vegetation types that contained a relatively low quality of forage. Although predation risk affected space use and foraging behavior, and competition affected foraging behavior, our study shows that food quality and quantity more strongly affected space use and foraging behavior than predation risk or competition. It seems that we need to reconsider the relative importance of the landscape of food in a world of fear and competition.
Design of an I‐PD control system with low‐pass filter and its application
Authors: Aridome Hokuto , Nakamoto Masayoshi , Wakitani Shin , Yamamoto Toru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLow‐pass filters are effective for noise reduction in control systems. This article treats an integral‐proportional derivative‐type PID (I‐PD) control system with low‐pass filter. First, we show a closed‐loop transfer function from reference value to the output of the system. The I‐PD controller is designed based on the pole placement method. Second, we introduce several conditions of the controller to be satisfied. Finally, we present that the proposed methods have obtained a good result by a simulation example and an experimental result of speed control for a DC motor.
Optimizing the choice of a spatial weighting matrix in eigenvector‐based methods
Authors: Bauman David , Drouet Thomas , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Dray Stéphane 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEigenvector‐mapping methods such as Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) are derived from a spatial weighting matrix (SWM) that describes the relations among a set of sampled sites. The specification of the SWM is a crucial step, but the SWM is generally chosen arbitrarily, regardless of the sampling design characteristics. Here, we compare the statistical performances of different types of SWMs (distance‐based or graph‐based) in contrasted realistic simulation scenarios. Then, we present an optimization method and evaluate its performances compared to the arbitrary choice of the most‐widely used distance‐based SWM. Results showed that the distance‐based SWMs generally had lower power and accuracy than other specifications, and strongly underestimated spatial signals. The optimization method, using a correction procedure for multiple tests, had a correct type I error rate, and had higher power and accuracy than an arbitrary choice of the SWM. Nevertheless, the power decreased when too many SWMs were compared, resulting in a trade‐off between the gain of accuracy and the loss of power. We advocate that future studies should optimize the choice of the SWM using a small set of appropriate candidates. R functions to implement the optimization are available in the adespatial package and are detailed in a tutorial.
Encapsulation of Fish Oil Into Low‐Cost Alginate Beads and EPA‐DHA Release in a Rumino‐Intestinal In Vitro Digestion Model
Authors: Olloqui Enrique J. , Castañeda‐Ovando Araceli , Contreras‐López Elizabeth , Hernandez‐Sanchez David , Tapia‐Maruri Daniel , Piloni‐Martini Javier , Añorve‐Morga Javier 
Published: July 2018

Fish oil‐origin eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are encapsulated with formulated alginate to prevent biohydrogenation in the rumen. Beads are formulated with 0.3%, 1.0%, and 2.0% of alginate. Bead surface pore‐formation is characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Observed pore sizes according to alginate concentration are 17–33 μm (0.3%), 10–18 μm (1.0%), and 5–10 μm (2.0%). Release of EPA and DHA is evaluated during ruminal, abomasal, and intestinal simulated digestion. Beads shows high percentage of encapsulation efficiency (91.39% from EPA and 93.51% from DHA). Beads designed (1.0%) allows to obtain EPA release of 13.65% (ruminal digestion), 29.07% (abomasal digestion), and 28.21% (intestinal digestion); while, DHA releases under the same conditions are: 18.55%, 26.78%, and 43.16%, respectively. Beads with 1.0% of alginate had the best release pattern during ruminal simulated digestion allowing an increased intestinal availability of EPA and DHA.Practical Applications: Fish oil encapsulation into alginate beads is a good alternative for ruminant diets supplementation, which will allow to get animal origin food (milk and meat, mainly) enriched with essential fatty acids such as EPA and DHA.Alginate beads are used as encapsulating material to prevent the biohydrogenation of EPA and DHA fatty acids during simulated ruminal digestion. The encapsulated efficiency and the release are calculated by GC
Recent progress in analytical capillary isotachophoresis
Authors: Malá Zdena , Gebauer Petr 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis review brings a survey of studies on analytical ITP published since 2016 until the first quarter of 2018 and includes chapters about theory and principles, instrumentation and techniques, and analytical applications of ITP. It shows the position of analytical ITP among contemporary separation techniques, where particularly its unique concentrating capabilities keep the interest to include it into novel high‐sensitivity analytical procedures. The reviewed papers are considered according to their nature, techniques used, and instrumentation employed. The significance of electrolyte system composition is emphasized by providing explicit values where possible.
Transferability of a calibrated numerical model of rock avalanche run‐out: Application to 20 rock avalanches on the Nuussuaq Peninsula, West Greenland
Authors: Benjamin J. , Rosser N.J. , Dunning S.A. , Hardy R.J. , Kelfoun K. , Szczuciński W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong run‐out rock avalanches are one of the most hazardous geomorphic processes, and risk assessments of the threat they pose are often reliant on numerical modelling of their potential run‐out distance. The development of such models requires a thorough understanding of past flow behaviour inferred from deposits emplaced by previous events. Despite this, few records exist of multiple rock avalanches that occurred in conditions sufficiently consistent to develop a set of more generalised, and hence transferrable, rules. We conduct field and imagery‐based mapping and use numerical modelling to investigate the emplacement of 20 adjacent rock avalanches on the southern flanks of the Nuussuaq peninsula, West Greenland. The rock avalanches run out towards the Vaigat Strait, and are sourced from a range of coastal mountains of relatively uniform geology. We calibrate a three‐dimensional continuum dynamic flow code, VolcFlow, with data from a modern, well‐constrained event that occurred at Paatuut (ad 2000). The best‐fit model assumes a constant retarding stress with a collisional stress coefficient, simulating run‐out to within ±0.3% of that observed. This calibration was then used to model the emplacement of deposits from five other neighbouring rock avalanches before simulating the general characteristics of a further 14 rock avalanche deposits on simplified topography. Our findings illustrate that a single calibration of VolcFlow can account for the observed deposit morphology of a uniquely large collection of rock avalanche deposits, emplaced by a series of events spanning a large volume range. Although the prevailing approach of tuning models to a specific case may be useful for detailed back‐analysis of that event, we show that more generally applied models, even using a single pair of rheological parameters, can be used to model potential rock avalanches of varied volumes in a region and, therefore, to assess the risks that they pose. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Palaeozoic accretionary tectonics of West Kunlun Orogen: Insights from Datong granitoids, mafic–ultramafic complexes, and Silurian–Devonian sandstones, Xinjiang, NW China
Authors: Li Yongchen , Xiao Wenjiao , Tian Zhonghua 
Published: July 2018

The Datong area is located in the western part of the Western Kunlun Orogen (WKO), occupying a key area of the Tethyan domain. Our new SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages from the Datong area provide new information about the Palaeozoic evolution of the Western Kunlun Orogen. A 473.0 ± 2.8 Ma granite with 493.6 ± 4.8 Ma inherited zircons from the Kusilafu extrusive rocks is interpretation as an A‐type granite formed in a fore‐arc tectonic setting. The 485.5 ± 1.9 Ma granitoid of the Datongdong pluton combined with the 452.7 ± 7 Ma granitoid of the Datong pluton indicate that the Datong pluton is an intra‐oceanic arc complex formed by the southern subduction of the Proto‐Tethyan ocean crust. Zircons from gabbros of the Datong mafic–ultramafic complex have a 499.2 ± 2.1 Ma U–Pb crystallization age. Combined with its complicated whole‐rock geochemistry, we propose that there may have existed a Datong seamount in the early Palaeozoic. The detrital zircon results of Silurian–Devonian sandstones reveal that the Late Silurian sandstones have the characteristic zircons both from the Tarim Block and Datong Arc, suggesting that the Datong arc collided with the Tarim Block in the Late Silurian. The tectonic history of the WKO was characterized by a southern subduction of Proto‐Tethys terminated in the Late Silurian.
Depositional facies controls on the diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Messinian Qawasim and Abu Madi formations, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Leila Mahmoud , Moscariello Andrea , Šegvić Branimir 
Published: July 2018

The Messinian Qawasim and Abu Madi formations are the main hydrocarbon exploration targets in the onshore Nile Delta. Qawasim Formation constitutes prograditional deltaic system from prodelta and distal delta‐front (distal deltaic facies) to proximal delta‐front and delta‐plain (proximal deltaic facies). Abu Madi sediments on the other hand change upward from continental subaerial gravity‐flow and fluvial facies to marginal‐marine estuarine facies. The seismic attribute (RMS amplitude) and petrophysical analyses revealed that solely the Qawasim proximal deltaic and Abu Madi fluvial facies define the potential reservoir targets. The reservoir quality of the Qawasim distal deltaic and the Abu Madi estuarine facies was completely deteriorated during eodiagenesis by calcite and glauconite cementation (mean > 7.3% and 4.5%, respectively). Conversely, the depositional setting of the Qawasim proximal deltaic and Abu Madi fluvial facies favoured a precipitation of scattered eodiagenetic calcite (mean < 2.5%), which supported the facies framework against mechanical compaction and preserved the intergranular volume (IGV). Chemical compaction, smectite infiltration, quartz cementation, and clay minerals authigenesis were more pronounced in the relatively deeper Abu Madi fluvial facies. These burial attributes caused a large‐scale reservoir heterogeneity. Therefore, the relatively shallower Qawasim proximal deltaic facies presents the best reservoir target in the Messinian sequence of the Nile Delta. This study reveals that in analogous systems, the depositional environment largely controls the diagenetic pathways and, hence, the reservoir quality.
Zircon U–Pb dating, geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes of the subvolcanic intrusion from Beina Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit in the southern Lhasa terrane, Tibet: Implications for petrogenesis and mineralization
Authors: Liu Jun , Zheng Youye , Gao Shunbao , Jiang Junsheng , Cao Huawen 
Published: July 2018

The Beina Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit is a newly discovered deposit situated in the southern Lhasa terrane, Tibet. LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating for the ore‐bearing rhyolite porphyry indicates that it was emplaced at 64.6 Ma. The Beina rhyolite porphyry displays high SiO2 (74.31–76.52 wt%), K2O + Na2O (6.99–8.05 wt%), and A/CNK (0.97–1.33), similar to the peraluminous S‐type granites related to Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization in the central Lhasa terrane. The Beina rhyolite porphyry is strongly depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, P, Sr, and Ba, enriched in Rb, K, Th, U, and Pb, enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs), slightly depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) (LaN/YbN = 6.52–9.28), and has moderate negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.38–0.48), showing an arc affinity. It also shows high CaO/Na2O ratios (0.21–0.73), low Rb/Ba (0.30–0.46), and Rb/Sr ratios (1.17–4.01), indicating that it was mainly derived from partial melting of a clay‐poor, plagioclase‐rich metapsammitic source. The samples have relatively high 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.7084–0.7092) and Pb isotopes (206Pb/204Pb = 18.61–18.74, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.65–15.68, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.99–39.14) and low εNd(t) (−8.6 to −7.2) and εHf(t) (−8.6 to −4.8) values, yielding ancient two‐stage Nd model ages (1,459–1,569 Ma) and two‐stage Hf model ages (1,433–1,684 Ma), respectively. The Beina rhyolite porphyry was formed at relatively high temperatures (average 817°C) according to zircon saturation thermometer. These results reveal that Beina rhyolite porphyry was generated by partial melting of ancient crustal materials (dominated by metapsammite) heated by mantle‐derived magma during rollback of the Neo‐Tethyan oceanic slab. In addition, our research suggests that both I‐ and S‐type granites related to Pb–Zn mineralization are believed to exist in the Lhasa terrane. Similar to the central Lhasa terrane, the middle segment of the southern Lhasa terrane (83°E–87°E) is also an ancient block, large‐scaled silicic volcanic rocks of the Linzizong Group, and coeval plutons are widely exposed and several Pb–Zn deposits have recently been discovered in the Nuocang–Chazi area. All these facts indicate that there is a great potential for prospecting of intrusions‐related Pb–Zn deposits in the middle segment of the southern Lhasa terrane.
First tetrapod footprints from the Permian of Sardinia and their palaeontological and stratigraphical significance
Authors: Citton Paolo , Ronchi Ausonio , Maganuco Simone , Caratelli Martina , Nicosia Umberto , Sacchi Eva , Romano Marco 
Published: July 2018

The Torre del Porticciolo palaeontological locality (Alghero, north‐west Sardinia, Italy) is important for having provided the skeletal remains of the first Permian basal synapsid from Italy, Alierasaurus ronchii, the largest late early Permian to early middle Permian non‐therapsid synapsid known to date. Recently, other skeletal remains preliminarily attributed to a carnivorous non‐therapsid synapsid were described from a second site, approximately from the same stratigraphic level within the Cala del Vino Fm. During the excavation of this second site, tetrapod tracks were found near Cala Viola, about 1 km from the first two sites. The new find represents the first ichnological record from the Permian of Sardinia. The ichnological analysis allowed the recognition of tetrapods presently not recognized, just on the base of skeletal remains. This new evidence sheds more light on the faunal diversity within the Cala del Vino Fm., which is one of the few examples in the Permian of Europe of a combined ichno‐ and body‐fossil record. The tracks have been referred to as Merifontichnus, an ichnotaxon established from the uppermost portion of the Permian succession of the Lodève Basin in southern France. The new material is the first reliable occurrence of this ichnotaxon from Italy and would represent, to date, the oldest occurrence of the ichnogenus.