bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effect of selenium from heat stress-induced porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) injury is associated with regulation expression of selenoproteins
Authors: Tang Jiayong , Cao Lei , Jia Gang , Liu Guangmang , Chen Xiaoling , Tian Gang , Cai Jingyi , Shang Haiying , Zhao Hua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study compared the protective effect of sodium selenite (SS) and selenomethionine (SeMet) on heat stress (HS)-invoked porcine IPEC-J2 cellular damage and integrate potential roles of corresponding selenoprotein. Cells were cultured at 37°C until 80 % confluence and then subjected to four different conditions for 24 h: at 37°C (control), 41·5°C (HS), 41·5°C supplied with 0·42 µmol Se/L SS (SS), or SeMet (SeMet). HS significantly decreased cell viability, up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of tight junction-related proteins (claudin-1 (CLDN-1) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)). HS-induced cell injury was associated with the up-regulation (P < 0·05) of six inflammation-related genes and fourteen selenoprotein encoding genes and down-regulation (P < 0·05) of two inflammation-related genes and five selenoprotein encoding genes. Compared with the HS group, SS and SeMet supplementation resulted in an increase (P < 0·05) in cell viability, decreased (P < 0·05) mRNA expression of HSP70 and six inflammation-related genes and rescue (P < 0·05) of mRNA and protein levels of CLDN-1 and ZO-1. SS and SeMet supplementation changes the expressions of nineteen selenoprotein encoding genes in cells affected by HS. Both Se supplementation significantly recovered the protein level of glutathione peroxidase-1 and increased selenoprotein P in the IPEC-J2 cells under HS, respectively. In summary, Se supplementation alleviated the negative impact of HS on IPEC-J2 cells, and their cellular protective effect was associated with regulation expression of selenoproteins, and SeMet exhibited a better protective effect.
Genetic variation within the genus Macropostrongyloides (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from Australian macropodid and vombatid marsupials
Authors: Sukee Tanapan , Beveridge Ian , Chilton Neil B. , Jabbar Abdul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe genetic variation and taxonomic status of the four morphologically-defined species of Macropostrongyloides in Australian macropodid and vombatid marsupials were examined using sequence data of the ITS+ region (=first and second internal transcribed spacers, and the 5.8S rRNA gene) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The results of the phylogenetic analyses revealed that Ma. baylisi was a species complex consisting of four genetically distinct groups, some of which are host-specific. In addition, Ma. lasiorhini in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) did not form a monophyletic clade with Ma. lasiorhini from the southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons), suggesting the possibility of cryptic (genetically distinct but morphologically similar) species. There was also some genetic divergence between Ma. dissimilis in swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor) from different geographical regions. In contrast, there was no genetic divergence among specimens of Ma. yamagutii across its broad geographical range or between host species (i.e. Macropus fuliginosus and M. giganteus). Macropostrongyloides dissimilis represented the sister taxon to Ma. baylisi, Ma. yamagutii and Ma. lasiorhini. Further morphological and molecular studies are required to assess the species complex of Ma. baylisi.
Immunodiagnosis and molecular validation ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Arab-Mazar Zahra , Fallahi Shirzad , Yadegarynia Davood , Javadi Mamaghani Amirreza , Seyyed Tabaei Seyyed Javad , Rajaeian Simin , Rahmati Roodsari Sara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInfection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, especially who were under dialysis due to their depressed immunity.Toxoplasma gondiiis a ubiquitous parasite that causes severe manifestations in immunocompromised patients. This case-control study was conducted to the immunodiagnosis and molecular validation ofT. gondiiinfection among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis. The study population consisted of 260 haemodialysis patients and 259 healthy controls referred to the main dialysis centres of Tehran, Iran during 2016. Anti-T. gondiiimmunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As well, theT. gondiigenomic DNA in whole blood samples of IgM-positive patients and healthy controls was evaluated using GRA6-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and SAG1-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. The anti-T. gondiiIgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 175 (67.3%) and 18 (7%) of haemodialysis patients and 122 (47%) and 4 (1.5%) of controls, respectively. Two of the 18 blood samples from IgM-positive patients and none of the IgM-positive control subjects were positive by GRA6-PCR. Whereas, nine and two blood samples of IgM-positive patients and controls were positive forToxoplasmaDNA by a SAG1-LAMP technique respectively. The seropositivity of theToxoplasmaIgM antibody was significantly different between haemodialysis patients and healthy controls which was confirmed by PCR and LAMP. The higher prevalence ofT. gondiiinfection in haemodialysis patients compared with the controls proposes that these patients can be a group at risk for toxoplasmosis and screening for toxoplasmosis before dialysis is necessary for the patients.
Let's go swimming: mermithid-infected earwigs exhibit positive hydrotaxis
Authors: Herbison Ryan Edward Harper , Evans Steven , Doherty Jean-François , Poulin Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCertain species of parasites have the apparent ability to alter the behaviour of their host in order to facilitate the completion of their own life cycle. While documented in hairworms (phylum Nematomorpha), the ability for mermithid parasites (from the sister phylum Nematoda) to force hosts to enter water remains more enigmatic. Here, we present the first experimental evidence in a laboratory setting that an insect which normally never enters open water (the European earwig Forficula auricularia) will readily enter the water when infected with a mermithid nematode (Mermis nigrescens). Only adult mermithids appear capable of inducing this polarising shift in behaviour, with mermithid length being a very strong predictor of whether their host enters water. However, mermithid length was only weakly associated with how long it took an earwig to enter water following the beginning of a trial. Considering the evidence presented here and its alignment with a proteomic investigation on the same host–parasite system, this study provides strong evidence for adaptive behavioural manipulation and a foundational system for further behavioural and mechanistic exploration.
Crossing of a different kind
Authors: Rampton Ben , Charalambous Constadina , Charalambous Panayiota 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis study of language crossing moves away from the scenes of multi-ethnic heteroglossia that have dominated the research, and turns instead to a setting affected by major conflict where the language of the traditional enemy has been introduced to secondary schools as part of a reconciliation initiative. This generates a radically different view of crossing and the environment in which it emerges: schooling counts more than popular culture; inter-generational links matter as much as peer relations; and ‘technical redoing’ is a more important key for crossing than ‘make believe’, ‘contests’, or ‘ceremonials’ (Goffman 1974). With a very different profile of this kind, crossing retains and extends its significance, pointing to a sociolinguistic practice that also occurs in official sites struggling with a legacy of violence and acute division. (Crossing, conflict legacy, language learning, classrooms, keying)*
No evidence for a loss of genetic diversity despite a strong decline in size of a European population of the CorncrakeCrex crex
Authors: FOURCADE YOAN , RICHARDSON DAVID S , SECONDI JEAN 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe preservation of genetic diversity is an important aspect of conservation biology. Low genetic diversity within a population can lead to inbreeding depression and a reduction in adaptive potential, which may increase extinction risk. Here we report changes in genetic diversity over 12 years in a declining population of the CorncrakeCrex crex, a grassland bird species of high conservation concern throughout Europe. Despite a twofold demographic decline during the same period, we found no evidence for a reduction of genetic diversity. The gradual genetic differentiation observed among populations of Corncrake across Europe suggests that genetic diversity is maintained in western populations by constant gene flow from the larger and more productive populations in eastern Europe and Asia. The maintenance of genetic diversity in this species is an opportunity that may help the implementation of effective conservation actions across the Corncrake’s European range.
Modern or traditional health care? Understanding the role of insurance in health-seeking behaviours among older Ghanaians
Authors: Amegbor Prince M. , Kuuire Vincent Z. , Bisung Elijah , Braimah Joseph A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aim:
This paper examined the association between wealth and health insurance status and the use of traditional medicine (TM) among older persons in Ghana.

Background:
There have been considerable efforts by sub-Saharan African countries to improve access to primary health care services, partly through the implementation of risk-pooling community or national health insurance schemes. The use of TM, which is often not covered under these insurance schemes, remains common in many countries, including Ghana. Understanding how health insurance and wealth influence the use of TM, or otherwise, is essential to the development of equitable health care policies.

Methods:
The study used data from the first wave of the World Health Organisation’s Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health conducted in Ghana in 2008. Descriptive statistics and negative loglog regression models were fitted to the data to examine the influence of insurance and wealth status on the use of TM, controlling for theoretically relevant factors.

Findings:
Seniors who had health insurance coverage were also 17% less likely to frequently seek treatment from a TM healer relative to the uninsured. For older persons in the poorest income quintile, the odds of frequently seeking treatment from TM increased by 61% when compared to those in the richest quintile. This figure was 46%, 62% and 40% for older persons in poorer, middle and richer income quintiles, respectively, compared to their counterparts in the richest income quintile.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate that TM was primarily used by the poor and persons who were not enrolled in the National Health Insurance Scheme. TM continues to be a vital health care resource for the poor and uninsured older adults in Ghana.
Action-Centered Information Retrieval
Authors: BALDUCCINI MARCELLO , LEBLANC EMILY C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInformation retrieval (IR) aims at retrieving documents that are most relevant to a query provided by a user. Traditional techniques rely mostly on syntactic methods. In some cases, however, links at a deeper semantic level must be considered. In this paper, we explore a type of IR task in which documents describe sequences of events, and queries are about the state of the world after such events. In this context, successfully matching documents and query requires considering the events’ possibly implicit uncertain effects and side effects. We begin by analyzing the problem, then propose an action language-based formalization, and finally automate the corresponding IR task using answer set programming.
Agricultural soft budget constraints in new European Union member states
Authors: Fertő Imre , Bojnec Štefan , Fogarasi József , Viira Ants Hannes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article investigates farm investment behaviour and the presence of soft budget constraints in the agricultural sectors of three Central and Eastern European countries – Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia – using individual farm accountancy panel data for the 2007–2015 period. Gross farm investment is positively associated with gross farm investment for the previous year, growth in real sales and public investment subsidies. Mixed results for debt square and cash flow variables imply that the different investment behaviour of farms pertains to different structures of investment sources among the countries under analysis. A particularly significant negative cash flow coefficient implies strong soft budget constraints for Estonian farms, while insignificant cash flow coefficients imply weak soft budget constraints for Hungarian and Slovenian farms.
A review of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and threat appraisal in anxiety
Authors: Milne S. , Lomax C. , Freeston M. H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The development and conceptual relationship of the constructs of threat appraisal (TA) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) are explored in the context of anxiety disorders. A narrative review tracking the development of these constructs and their relationship is undertaken. There is some evidence to suggest that the interaction between the components of threat appraisal (probability × cost) may partially account for or provide a theoretical framework which explains presenting levels of anxiety. Furthermore, research suggested that IU is a construct which contributes to a broad range of anxiety disorders. It was concluded that distinctive cognitive biases linked with IU – such as interpreting ambiguous and uncertain (both positive and negative) information as highly concerning – suggests that IU is interpreted negatively independent of threat appraisal. These findings mean a number of issues remain unclear, including whether IU in anxiety-provoking situations is sufficient in itself – independent of threat appraisal – in eliciting high levels of anxiety. Additionally, it is unclear whether threat appraisal and IU act as independent constructs, or more in an interactive manner in anxiety. To achieve further clarity on these issues, methodological recommendations for future research are made.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the conceptual foundations of TA and IU in the cognitive model of anxiety.

(2)
To understand the empirical evidence supporting the role of both TA and IU in anxiety.

(3)
To appreciate the potential relationship between these concepts in anxiety.
Budget Analyses of a Record‐Breaking Rainfall Event in the Coastal Metropolitan City of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Liu Yubao , Liu Yuewei , Knievel Jason C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo investigate the mechanisms for the record‐breaking rainfall in the coastal metropolitan city of Guangzhou, China during 6–7 May 2017, budget analyses of advection and source/sink terms of the water vapor, potential temperature, and vertical momentum equations were conducted using the model output of a nested very large eddy simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Results show that the warm and moist air flows from the south and east onshore in the lower troposphere provided the main moisture source for the heavy rainfall. The structure of vertical velocity and hydrometeors (low‐echo centroid structure), in which the heavy rainfall was separated from the low‐level updraft, was favorable for the formation and maintenance of a heavy precipitation rate. The removal of the heat due to the advection (cooling tendency) in the upper troposphere increased the convective available potential energy of parcels rising from the lower troposphere, maintaining the development of updrafts. Although the total buoyancy forcing was the main contribution term for maintaining the updrafts, total dynamic acceleration played an important role in the vertical acceleration below the maximum vertical velocity core. In particular, the nonlinear dynamic perturbation pressure gradient force in the lower troposphere induced by the rotations aloft maintained the strong updrafts.
Global Bathymetry and Topography at 15 Arc Sec: SRTM15+
Authors: Tozer B. , Sandwell D. T. , Smith W. H. F. , Olson C. , Beale J. R. , Wessel P. 
Published: August 2019

An updated global bathymetry and topography grid is presented using a spatial sampling interval of 15 arc sec. The bathymetry is produced using a combination of shipboard soundings and depths predicted using satellite altimetry. New data consists of >33.6 million multibeam and singlebeam measurements collated by several institutions, namely, the National Geospatial‐Intelligence Agency, Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology, Geoscience Australia, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. New altimetry data consists of 48, 14, and 12 months of retracked range measurements from Cryosat‐2, SARAL/AltiKa, and Jason‐2, respectively. With respect to SRTM15_PLUS (Olson et al.,), the inclusion of these new data results in a ∼1.4‐km improvement in the minimum wavelength recovered for sea surface free‐air gravity anomalies, a small increase in the accuracy of altimetrically derived predicted depths, and a 1.24% increase, from 9.60% to 10.84%, in the total area of ocean floor that is constrained by shipboard soundings at 15‐arc sec resolution. Bathymetric grid cells constrained by satellite altimetry have estimated uncertainties of ±150 m in the deep oceans and ±180 m between coastlines and the continental rise. Onshore, topography data are sourced from previously published digital elevation models, predominately SRTM‐CGIAR V4.1 between 60°N and 60°S. ArcticDEM is used above 60°N, while Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica is used below 62°S. Auxiliary grids illustrating shipboard data coverage, marine free‐air gravity anomalies, and vertical gradient gradients are also provided in common data formats.
Contrasting Ice Algae and Snow‐Dependent Irradiance Relationships Between First‐Year and Multiyear Sea Ice
Authors: Lange Benjamin A. , Haas Christian , Charette Joannie , Katlein Christian , Campbell Karley , Duerksen Steve , Coupel Pierre , Anhaus Philipp , Jutila Arttu , Tremblay Pascal O. G. , Carlyle Cody G. , Michel Christine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring the 2018 Multidisciplinary Arctic Program‐Last Ice in the Lincoln Sea, we sampled 45 multiyear ice (MYI) and 34 first‐year ice (FYI) cores, combined with snow depth, ice thickness, and transmittance surveys from adjacent level FYI and undeformed MYI. FYI sites show a decoupling between bottom‐ice chlorophyll a (chl a) and snow depth; however, MYI showed a significant correlation between ice‐algal chl a biomass and snow depth. Topographic control of the snow cover resulted in greater spatiotemporal variability of the snow over the level FYI, and consequently transmittance, compared to MYI with an undulating surface. The coupled patterns of snow depth, transmittance, and chl a indicate that MYI provides an environment with more stable light conditions for ice algal growth. The importance of sea ice surface topography for ice algal habitat underpins the potential ecological changes associated with projected increased ice dynamics and deformation.
Relationships Between Tropical Ascent and High Cloud Fraction Changes With Warming Revealed by Perturbation Physics Experiments in CAM5
Authors: Schiro Kathleen A. , Su Hui , Wang Yuan , Langenbrunner Baird , Jiang Jonathan H. , Neelin J. David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTropical ascent area (Aa) and high cloud fraction (HCF) are projected to decrease with surface warming in most Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Perturbing deep convective parameters in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) results in a similar spread and correlation between HCF and Aa responses to interannual warming compared to the CMIP5 ensemble, with a narrower Aa corresponding to greater HCF reduction. Perturbing cloud physics parameters produces a comparatively smaller range of Aa responses to warming and a dissimilar HCF‐Aa relation to that in CMIP5; a narrower Aa corresponds to less HCF reduction, likely due to cloud radiative effects. A narrowing of Aa corresponds to a regime shift toward stronger precipitation in both experiments. We infer that model differences in deep convection parameterization likely play a greater role than differing cloud physics in determining the diverse responses of Aa and HCF to warming in CMIP5.
Surface Kinetic Energy Distributions in the Global Oceans From a High‐Resolution Numerical Model and Surface Drifter Observations
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Ponte Aurélien L. , Elipot Shane , Menemenlis Dimitris , Zaron Edward D. , Abernathey Ryan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe surface kinetic energy of a 1/48° global ocean simulation and its distribution as a function of frequency and location are compared with the one estimated from 15,329 globally distributed surface drifter observations at hourly resolution. These distributions follow similar patterns with a dominant low‐frequency component and well‐defined tidal and near‐inertial peaks globally. Quantitative differences are identified with deficits of low‐frequency energy near the equator (factor 2) and at near‐inertial frequencies (factor 3) and an excess of energy at semidiurnal frequencies (factor 4) for the model. Owing to its hourly resolution and its near‐global spatial coverage, the array of surface drifters is an invaluable tool to evaluate the realism of tide‐resolving high‐resolution ocean simulations used in observing system simulation experiments. Sources of bias between model and drifter data are discussed, and associated leads for future work highlighted.
Voyager 2 constraints on plasmoid‐based transport at Uranus
Authors: DiBraccio Gina A. , Gershman Daniel J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA magnetosphere controls a planet's evolution by suppressing or enhancing atmospheric loss to space. In situ measurements of Uranus' magnetosphere from the Voyager 2 flyby in 1986 provide the only direct evidence of magnetospheric transport processes responsible for this atmospheric escape at Uranus. Analysis of high‐resolution Voyager 2 magnetic field data in Uranus' magnetotail reveals the presence of a loop‐like plasmoid filled with planetary plasma traveling away from the planet. This first plasmoid observation in an Ice Giant magnetosphere elucidates that (1) both internal and external forces play a role in Uranus' magnetospheric dynamics, (2) magnetic reconnection contributes to the circulation of plasma and magnetic flux at Uranus, and (3) plasmoids may be a dominant transport mechanism for mass loss through Uranus' magnetotail.