bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1 plays a role in degradation of beta amyloid fibrils
Authors: Cruz Dana , El-Banna Mukarram , Majumdar Amitabha , Sleat David E. , Muldowney Michelle , Lobel Peter , Maxfield Frederick R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques surrounded by microglia. In cell culture, microglia internalize fibrillar β-amyloid but do not degrade it efficiently. Unactivated microglia have a relatively high lysosomal pH, which impairs the activity of lysosomal proteases. Previous studies showed that activation of microglia with macrophage colony stimulating factor decreases lysosomal pH and enhances fibrillar β-amyloid degradation. We investigated the role of the lysosomal protease tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) in cell culture and in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Increased levels of TPP1 in unactivated microglia enhanced fibrillar β-amyloid degradation. Conversely, reduction of TPP1 led to decreased fibrillar β-amyloid degradation in activated microglia, macrophages, and other cells that degrade fibrillar β-amyloid efficiently. Reduction of TPP1 in an AD model mouse using a gene-targeted hypomorphic Tpp1 allele increased plaque burden. These results suggest that decreased TPP1 potentiates AD pathogenesis and that strategies to increase TPP1 activity may have therapeutic value.Highlights*In microglia, TPP1 is important for the degradation of fibrillar β-amyloid.*Increased TPP1 in microglia results in enhanced fibrillar β-amyloid degradation.*In an AD mouse model, reduction of TPP1 led to increased amyloid plaque deposition.
A Hox code defines spinocerebellar neuron subtype regionalisation
Authors: Coughlan Eamon , Garside Victoria , Wong Siew Fen Lisa , Liang Huazheng , Kraus Dominik , Karmakar Kajari , Maheshwari Upasana , Rijli Filippo M. , Bourne James , McGlinn Edwina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCoordinated body movement requires the integration of many sensory inputs. This includes proprioception, the sense of relative body position and force associated with movement. Proprioceptive information is relayed to the cerebellum via spinocerebellar neurons, located in the spinal cord within a number of major neuronal columns or as various scattered cell populations. Despite the importance of proprioception to fluid movement, a molecular understanding of spinocerebellar relay interneurons is only beginning to be explored, with limited knowledge of molecular heterogeneity within and between columns. Using fluorescent reporter knock-in mice, neuronal tracing andin situhybridisation, we identify widespread expression ofHoxcluster genes, including both protein-coding genes and microRNAs, within spinocerebellar neurons. We reveal a “Hoxcode” based on axial level and individual spinocerebellar column, which, at cervico-thoracic levels, is essential for subtype regionalisation. Specifically, we show that Hoxc9 function is required in most, but not all, cells of the major thoracic spinocerebellar column, Clarke’s column, revealing heterogeneity reliant on Hox signatures.
Fast, Accurate Polarization and Polarity Imaging with Polarized Structured Illumination
Authors: Zhanghao Karl , Liu Wenhui , Li Meiqi , Chen Xingye , Shan Chunyan , Wang Haoqian , Xi Peng , Dai Qionghai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe orientation and wobbling behavior of the fluorescent dipoles are of great significance in revealing the structure and state of cells. Due to the poor optical sectioning capability of wide-field microscopy, the polarization modulation signals are susceptible to the neighboring fluorophores. The missing cone of wide field optical transfer function induces vast out-of-focus background, resulting in biased polarization orientation and decrease polarization factor. Here, we apply polarized structured illumination to achieve polarization modulation imaging with optical sectioning, and simultaneously measure the lipid polarity with two-color ratiometric imaging. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in measurement accuracy of not only the dipole orientations but also the wobbling behavior of the ensemble dipole. Compared to the conventional confocal polarization imaging, our method obtains an order-of-magnitude faster imaging speed, capturing the fast dynamics of subcellular structures in live cells.
PITX1 protein interacts with ZCCHC10 to regulate hTERT mRNA transcription
Authors: Ohira Takahito , Kojima Hirotada , Kuroda Yuko , Inaoka Daigo , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Wanibuchi Hideki , Okada Futoshi , Oshimura Mitsuo , Kugoh Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTelomerase is a ribonucleoprotein ribonucleic enzyme that is essential for cellular immortalization via elongation of telomere repeat sequences at the end of chromosomes. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is a key regulator of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity, which has been detected in the majority of cancer cells, is accompanied by hTERT expression, resulting in continuous cell division that is a crucial factor for malignant transformation. Thus, hTERT is an attractive target for cancer-specific treatments. We previously reported that pared-like homeodomain 1 (PITX1) is a negative regulator of hTERT through direct binding to the hTERT promoter. However, the mechanism by which the function of PITX1 contributes to transcriptional silencing of the hTERT gene remains to be clarified. Here, we show that PITX1 and zinc finger CCHC-type containing 10 (ZCCHC10) proteins cooperate to facilitate the transcriptional regulation of the hTERT gene by functional studies via FLAG pull-down assay. Co-expression of PITX1 and ZCCHC10 resulted in inhibition of hTERT transcription, in melanoma cell lines, whereas mutate-deletion of homeodomain in PITX1 that interact with ZCCHC10 did not induce similar phenotypes. In addition, ZCCHC10 expression levels showed marked decrease in the majority of melanoma cell lines and tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that ZCCHC10-PITX1 complex is a new functional unit that suppresses hTERT transcription, and plays a crucial role in cancer development through regulation of telomerase activity.
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in HIV patients: potential role of HIV-associated extracellular vesicles
Authors: Chen Lechuang , Feng Zhimin , Yuan Guoxiang , Reinthal Benjamin , Ye Fengchun , Jin Ge 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causal agent for Kaposi sarcoma (KS), the most common malignancy in people living with HIV/AIDS. The oral cavity is a major route for KSHV infection and transmission. However, how KSHV breaches the oral epithelial barrier for spreading to the body is not clear. Here we show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) purified from saliva of HIV-positive individuals and secreted by HIV-1-infected T cells promote KSHV infectivity in both monolayer and 3-dimensional models of immortalized and primary human oral epithelial cells, establishing the latency of the virus. The HIV trans-activation response (TAR) element RNA in HIV-associated EVs contributes to the infectivity of KSHV through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cetuximab, a monoclonal neutralizing antibody to EGFR, blocks HIV-associated EV-enhanced KSHV infection. Our findings reveal that saliva containing HIV-associated EVs is a risk factor for enhancement of KSHV infection and that inhibition of EGFR serves as a novel strategy for controlling KSHV infection and transmission in the oral cavity.Author summaryKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a causal agent for Kaposi sarcoma (KS), the most common malignancy in HIV/AIDS patients. Oral transmission through saliva is considered the most common route for spreading of the virus among HIV/AIDS patients. However, the role of HIV-specific components in co-transfection of KSHV is unclear. We demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EV) purified from saliva of HIV patients and secreted by HIV-infected T cells promote KSHV infectivity in immortalized and primary oral epithelial cells. HIV-associated EVs promote KSHV infection depends on the HIV trans-activation element (TAR) RNA and EGFR of oral epithelial cells, both can be targeted for reducing KSHV infection. These results reveal that HIV-EVs is a risk factor for KSHV co-infection in the HIV-infected population.
Research on TIG welding gap corrosion resistance of X52/825 metallurgical clad pipein H2S/CO2 environment
Authors: Zhang Naiyan , Zeng Dezhi 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Bimetallic composite pipe consists of a corrosion resistance alloy (CRA) layer for corrosion resistance and carbon steel for mechanical properties, which shows a promising prospect of gathering pipeline with its effective-cost and reliable corrosion resistance. However, the corrosion resistance of composite pipe is determined by the quality of its welding gap. This paper aims to investigate the TIG welding gap corrosion resistance of X52/825 metallurgical clad pipe in H2S/CO2 environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Corrosion tests of X52/825 welding gap were performed in a stimulated gas field solution containing both 1 MPa CO2 and 1.5 MPa H2S at 70°C for 720 h in a self-designed high temperature and high pressure autoclave. The anti-stress corrosion cracking (SCC) performance of X52/825 clad pipe ring root welding gap was investigated in both NACE A solution and the stimulant gas field solution by four point bending testing and constant load test. Then the experiments were rerun in XX high sour gas well. In addition, the alloy diffusion and microstructure characteristics of TIG welding gap were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy technologies.

Findings
The results reveal that the root welding gap is almost not corroded in the stimulant gas field solution, and no micro-cracks were observed by electron microscope. Anti-SCC test results show the root welding gap does not break, indicating a good resistance to environmental-cracking in H2S/CO2 environment. The transition layer can be obviously observed in the root welding zone, and the alloy content of transition layer is diluted. However, the transition layer does not penetrate into the inner of CRA layer, which illustrates its good anti-corrosion performance. Therefore, TIG welding technology can be well used in the welding process of composite pipe.

Originality/value
This paper may provide theoretical reference for manufacturing and application of clad pipe.
German farmers’ acceptance of subsidized insurance associated with reduced direct payments
Authors: Möllmann Johannes , Michels Marius , Musshoff Oliver 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The outstanding reform of the Common Agriculture Policy allows for changes regarding its most criticized component, the direct payment scheme. The purpose of this paper is to investigate farmers’ acceptance of subsidized whole farm income insurance (WFI) and single-crop, multi-peril revenue insurance (RI) that are associated with a reduction of direct payments.

Design/methodology/approach
By applying a generalized multinomial logit model on data of a discrete choice experiment, German farmers’ preferences, expressed as their willingness to pay (WTP), for WFI and RI are revealed.

Findings
The results show a positive WTP for WFI and RI. The average farmer has a higher WTP for WFI than for RI. By increasing the coverage level, the negative influence of a reduction of direct payments on WTP for insurance can be compensated. Individual risk attitude and assessed importance of direct payments for the farm business show a statistically significant influence on the WTP.

Practical implications
The results suggest that, even if direct payments were abolished in order to subsidize WFI or RI, German farmers’ WTP for both insurance products would remain positive. However, to finally assess whether subsidizing insurance is the right means of providing public support, it is necessary to assess whether farmers’ WTP meets the costs for such an insurance scheme.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating German farmers’ WTP for WFI and RI using an experimental approach by explicitly considering the partial to complete replacement of direct payments by subsidized insurance.
Factorial surveys reveal social desirability bias over self-reported organic fruit consumption
Authors: Cerri Jacopo , Testa Francesco , Rizzi Francesco , Frey Marco 
Published: May 2019

PurposeSurveys measuring consumers’ preferences for sustainable food might suffer from socially desirable responding. Social desirability stems in part from social norms about sustainable lifestyles, when respondents need approval from others and when privacy is not guaranteed during survey completion. While various studies showed this phenomenon through laboratory experiments and by comparing different modes of survey administration, no research adopted factorial survey experiments (FSEs) to measure which factors are perceived by consumers as critical for socially desirable answering. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap, at least for young consumers in a case study with organic fruit.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 143 under-30 respondents were involved in an FSE. Each respondent evaluated six hypothetical scenarios (n=858) describing a consumer surveyed about his/her preferences for organic fruit. Respondents indicated whether they believed participants would have answered honestly or not to the survey described in each scenario. Generalized linear mixed models were used to model how scenario attributes were perceived to influence honest answering.FindingsRespondents believe that people are more prone to bias their answers the more they seek approval from others. Moreover, the presence of acquaintances during survey completion is another critical driver of survey misreporting.Originality/valueThis study, by using a novel robust quasi-experimental approach, confirms that social desirability could lead consumers to misreport their preferences when surveyed about an organic fruit. This confirms that well-designed surveys, adopting proper remedies for social desirability should be adopted even for those food products, like fruit, which are usually deemed to be less subjected to misreporting. It also introduces FSEs as a flexible tool for collecting insights from consumers about potential antecedents of their behavior.
Household food waste reduction: Italian consumers’ analysis for improving food management
Authors: Pellegrini Giustina , Sillani Sandro , Gregori Mario , Spada Alessia 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Every year 1.3bn tonnes of food are lost or wasted in production, manufacture, distribution and at household level. Consumers are the biggest contributors to the total volume of food waste generated over the world. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting consumer’s food waste behavior at household level, providing more insights to existing literature, basing on a hypothesized model.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was carried from May 2016 to March 2017, by means of a face-to-face structured questionnaire distributed among 580 Italian consumers, with seven constructs. Data analysis included two main steps: exploratory factor analysis and structural equation model (SEM) implemented by means of STATA 14.

Findings
Results show that price consciousness, environmental concern and time management influence the attitude that in turn affect the behavior toward food waste minimization. These findings provide basic guidelines for developing policies and campaigns aimed to decrease food waste.

Research limitations/implications
This study point out the importance of the food waste behavioral determinants analysis at household level in Italy. Therefore, the research will include other constructs and further studies can be conducted in European countries to produce spatial SEM.

Practical implications
Waste prevention approaches should concentrate interests on avoiding losses, and releasing of information, best practices and education of consumers as well as strengthening the donation to social services.

Social implications
The present findings may be used by decision makers, municipality, stakeholders, involved in food waste reduction policies. Moreover, social marketing campaigns can advantage by these results, in order to avoid food-related habits in consumers’ everyday lives not respecting the issues of the food waste. In addition, this study is addressed to academics and scholars that are already working on the role of consumer’s behavior and its implication on food waste reduction.

Originality/value
Food waste in Italy has been analyzed by several authors, yet not involving national samples, using different methodologies and aiming at analyze different aspects. The present study aims at analyzing main determinants affecting food waste behavior at household level: providing more insights to existing literature.
What is the role of social media in several overtones of CSR communication? The case of the wine industry in the Southern Italian regions
Authors: Galati Antonino , Sakka Georgia , Crescimanno Maria , Tulone Antonio , Fiore Mariantonietta 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand whether the companies most involved in communicating their responsible behaviour externally are those most active on the social media (SM) platform, with a philanthropic purpose rather than strictly aimed at economic aspects.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors, first, assess firms’ efforts on the SM platform using the model proposed by Chung et al. (2014), and, second, the authors analyze the content of messages in order to verify what dimensions of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) they contain. A multivariate modelling has been performed in order to verify whether the wineries that take most care to communicate their responsible behaviour are those that are more involved in the management of Social Network. The wineries’ effort in SM platform was analyzed using the model proposed by Chung et al. (2014), which consider three dimensions named intensity, richness and responsiveness. In order to verify the relationship between the SM effort and their engagement in CSR initiatives, the Probit model has been utilized taking into consideration four CSR dimension (Green CSR, Ethical CSR, Community CSR and Cultural CSR).

Findings
The findings show that wineries most involved in corporate social responsibility initiatives and in the active communication of these initiatives on SM platforms are those that are most active on SM and in particular those that interact most with their web users, triggering in them some reactions that lead to the sharing of content and, therefore, having a significant impact on the dissemination of information through SM.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitations of this study are related to the limited sample size, the time period considered.

Practical implications
This study provides insight and hints into wine entrepreneurs interested in improving the effectiveness of their CSR communication via SM showing the importance of the interactive dimension of SM, in order to reduce scepticism and gain greater credibility on the market.

Originality/value
This study uses four dimensions of the companies’ SM efforts’ built on the basis of a number of variables that are more explicative of the SM engagement.
Sensory motivations within children’s concrete operations stage
Authors: Royo Vela Marcelo , Ortegon-Cortazar Leonardo 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between specific sensory motivations (i.e. flavor) and the development of preference for food, beverages or brands by preteen consumers; and second, to compare the three age groups within the concrete operations stage toward the hypothesis contrast that states that the higher the cognitive development, the more recognized and recalled a brand will be.

Design/methodology/approach
The research techniques implemented were observation (exploratory phase) and personal survey using a paper and pencil questionnaire. The food products and beverages, brands, jingles and isotypes used were based on a convenience sample of 131 lunch boxes. A sample of 682 preteens aged 6–11 in the concrete operation stage obtained by convenience and snowball sampling participated.

Findings
When choosing one product or brand over the other, the results highlight flavor as compared with other more secondary sensory motivations, and there are clear differences between the younger and older age groups. In respect of advertising recall and brand recognition, the older age group shows higher frequencies of correct jingle-brand and isotype-brand association.

Originality/value
Despite product and brand consumption in the child segment relevance further motivational research is needed to identify the factors that influence preferences. The results obtained show that there are preferences and motives for product consumption that can be attributed to the functioning of the senses by the preteen consumer as well as differences within the concrete operations stage.
An effective method of verifying poles polarities in switched reluctance motors
Authors: Han Shouyi , Liu Chuang , Sun Xiaodong , Diao Kaikai 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose an effective method to verify poles polarities of switched reluctance motors (SRMs). Different from the ways of detection poles polarities by permanent magnet in SRMs, the difference of self-inductance between different winding connections is used to verify the pole polarity.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the winding connections with the forward and reverse series are proposed. The magnetic circuit models are established to analyze the flux linkage of different winding connections. Then, according to the difference of inductance characteristics, including the self-inductance and the mutual inductance affected by the adjacent poles, it is theoretically feasible to verify the polarity of each pole. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the simulation and experiment on a six-phase SRM.

Findings
First, compared to the reverse series, the forward series can produce larger self-inductance when one phase is excited at the same current excitation, which can be used to verify the poles polarities of one phase with different winding connection. Second, the mutual inductance can be used to distinguish the winding connections. Third, the difference of the maximum self-inductance of the winding, which is composed of two adjacent windings, can be used to verify the polarities of the adjacent poles.

Originality/value
This paper proposes an effective method to verify poles polarities of SRMs.