bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tundra landform and vegetation productivity trend maps for the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska
Authors: Lara Mark J. , Nitze Ingmar , Grosse Guido , McGuire A. David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractArctic tundra landscapes are composed of a complex mosaic of patterned ground features, varying in soil moisture, vegetation composition, and surface hydrology over small spatial scales (10–100 m). The importance of microtopography and associated geomorphic landforms in influencing ecosystem structure and function is well founded, however, spatial data products describing local to regional scale distribution of patterned ground or polygonal tundra geomorphology are largely unavailable. Thus, our understanding of local impacts on regional scale processes (e.g., carbon dynamics) may be limited. We produced two key spatiotemporal datasets spanning the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska (~60,000 km2) to evaluate climate-geomorphological controls on arctic tundra productivity change, using (1) a novel 30 m classification of polygonal tundra geomorphology and (2) decadal-trends in surface greenness using the Landsat archive (1999–2014). These datasets can be easily integrated and adapted in an array of local to regional applications such as (1) upscaling plot-level measurements (e.g., carbon/energy fluxes), (2) mapping of soils, vegetation, or permafrost, and/or (3) initializing ecosystem biogeochemistry, hydrology, and/or habitat modeling.
Calibrating supply parameters of large‐scale DTA models with surrogate‐based optimisation
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Xiong Chenfeng , Chen Xiqun (Michael) , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2018

This study is among the early attempts to employ a surrogate‐based optimisation (SBO) approach to solve the large‐scale dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) calibration problem that is characterised by an expensive‐to‐evaluate and non‐closed‐form objective function. This paper formulates the calibration of the large‐scale DTA model as a bi‐level optimisation problem with a non‐closed objective function such that it can only be evaluated through simulation. The Kriging surrogate model is adopted to construct the response surface between the objective value and the decision variables. The SBO approach first evaluates a number of initial samples, then fits the response surface and searches for the optima via an infill process. It reduces the number of large‐scale DTA runs for evaluating the objective values and saves much computational time. For demonstrative purposes, a real‐world large‐scale DTA model in the state of MD is calibrated with the proposed SBO approach. After 400 initial points and 100 infill points, the SBO approach reduces the calibration matching gap from 29.68 to 21.90%. It is also presented that the proposed SBO is significantly faster than the genetic algorithm in searching for better solutions. The results demonstrate the feasibility and capability of SBO in DTA calibration problems.
Interstellar polarization and extinction towards the young open cluster NGC 1502
Authors: Topasna G. A. , Kaltcheva N. T. , Paunzen E. 
Published: April 2018

Aims.NGC 1502 is located at the periphery of the Cam OB1 association and probably within the Orion Spur, with published distance estimates varying between 0.7 and 1.5 kpc. We combine new polarimetric observations and existinguvbyβandUBVphotometries to provide new estimates of the cluster’s parameters.Methods.We present new multi-wavelength polarization observations of 22 stars in the direction of the cluster and, using the wavelength of maximum polarization, calculate the total-to-selective extinction ratio for each of these stars. These are combined with homogenizeduvbyβandUBVphotometries to obtain the individual stellar distances and study the structure of the field.Results.We found no evidence of significant extinction variation across the cluster and obtained an average color excessE(b−y) = 0.56 ± 0.02 mag, corresponding toE(B−V) = 0.76 mag. Given the uniformity of bothpmaxandλmaxtoward the cluster and the distribution of the color excess with distance, it seems likely that the polarization in this region arises from aligned dust grains in the foreground of the cluster, not farther than 500–600 pc. Based on 20 stars located beyond 500 pc within the studied field of view, we obtained an average polarization-based total-to-selective extinction ratioR= 2.83 ± 0.14 yielding visual absorptionAV= 2.14 ± 0.16 mag. Using 11 stars withuvbyβdata that represent the main sequence of the cluster, we calculated a photometric distance of 1117−89+96pc. This estimate is fully supported by theUBV-based analysis and the new individual membership probabilities that we derive. Assuming a solar metallicity yields an age of 5 Myr. Our analysis yields controversial results regarding the membership of the stars associated with the SZ Cam system (HD 25638 and HD 25639) to the cluster.
Extreme conditions in the molecular gas of lensed star-forming galaxies at z ~3
Authors: Andreani Paola , Retana-Montenegro Edwin , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Papadopoulos Padelis , Yang Chentao , Vegetti Simona 
Published: April 2018

Context. Atomic carbon can be an efficient tracer of the molecular gas mass, and when combined to the detection of high-J and low-J CO lines it yields also a sensitive probe of the power sources in the molecular gas of high-redshift galaxies.
Aims. The recently installed SEPIA 5 receiver at the focus of the APEX telescope has opened up a new window at frequencies 159–211 GHz allowing the exploration of the atomic carbon in high-z galaxies, at previously inaccessible frequencies from the ground. We have targeted three gravitationally lensed galaxies at redshift of about 3 and conducted a comparative study of the observed high-J CO/CI ratios with well-studied nearby galaxies.
Methods. Atomic carbon (CI(2–1)) was detected in one of the three targets and marginally in a second, while in all three targets the J = 7→6 CO line is detected.
Results. The CO(7–6)/CI(2–1), CO(7–6)/CO(1–0) line ratios and the CO(7–6)/(far-IR continuum) luminosity ratio are compared to those of nearby objects. A large excitation status in the ISM of these high-z objects is seen, unless differential lensing unevenly boosts the CO line fluxes from the warm and dense gas more than the CO(1–0), CI(2–1), tracing a more widely distributed cold gas phase. We provide estimates of total molecular gas masses derived from the atomic carbon and the carbon monoxide CO(1–0), which within the uncertainties turn out to be equal.
Nanocrystalization of Pioglitazone by Precipitation Method
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Ahmadipour Saeedeh , Tabbakhian Majid , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background Poor solubility in aqueous medium limits the use of many drugs. Different methods have been adopted to promote the rate of dissolution of slightly water soluble drugs. Crystallization improves solubility, and bioavailability by increasing the surface area of slightly water soluble drugs. Pioglitazone (PGZ), which is a class II Biopharmaceutical Classification System drug has a slight solubility in water and a slow rate of dissolution, which may have a negative effect on its metabolism leading to a therapeutic failure.
Aim The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of PGZ-HCl; an antidiabetic drug using precipitation method.
Materials and Methods Formulations were prepared with polyethylene glycol 6000 and isomalt using different speed of homogenizer and quantity of solvent by precipitation method. Drug-polymer interactions were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD). Surface structure were shown by SEM photographs.
Results The particle size was significantly decreased and solubility was enhanced with increase speed, ethanol solvent and increase stabilizer, however very high amount of stabilizer resulted in a decrease in solubility.
Conclusion This result however showed that solid dispersion technique is a potential method for increasing dissolution profile of a poorly aqueous soluble agent.
Vorhersage von modalitätsspezifischen Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen im Kindergartenalter
Authors: Kiese-Himmel Christiane 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Arbeitsgedächtnis (AG) als ein zentrales kognitives Konstrukt ist eine fundamentale Voraussetzung für Lernen und gilt als Marker für
Entwicklungsstörungen. In den letzten Jahren hat es beachtliche Aufmerksamkeit in der Forschung gewonnen. Um Prädiktoren für phonologische und visuelle
AG-Leistungen zu bestimmen, wurden hier multivariate Regressionsanalysen mittels generalisierter linearer Modelle gerechnet.
Material und Methoden Das phonologische AG wurde durch das Nachsprechen von Nichtwörtern (SETK 3–5-Subtest PGN) und von Zahlenfolgen (K-ABC-Subtest), das
visuell-räumliche durch die Imitation von Handbewegungen (K-ABC-Subtest) untersucht. Eine Intelligenzschätzung wurde durch das Ergebnis in der K-ABC-Skala
„Ganzheitliches Denken“ vorgenommen. Stichprobe: 169 Kindergartenkinder (49 % Jungen; 51 % Mädchen), überwiegend mit Migrationshintergrund und Deutsch als
Zweitsprache, im mittleren Alter von 45,9 (SD 6,2; Min 36; Max 61) Monaten; zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung im Durchschnitt seit 9,9 (SD 6,9) Monaten im
Kindergarten und durchschnittlich intelligent. Als Faktoren wurden Geschlecht und Migrationshintergrund festgelegt, als Kovariaten Lebensalter, Dauer des
Kindergartenbesuchs bis zur Testung sowie ganzheitliches Denken in die Modelle aufgenommen.
Ergebnisse Alle mittleren AG-Leistungen waren durchschnittlich. Nur das Alter zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt sowie das ganzheitliche Denken hatte einen
signifikanten Einfluss auf die AG-Leistungen.
Schlussfolgerung Im Alter von 36–61 Monaten lassen sich die beiden o. g. Arbeitsgedächtnissysteme als ein anlagebedingter, reifungsabhängiger und eher
geschlechtsunspezifischer Mechanismus beschreiben.
Interne Validität des Acoustic Voice Quality Index Version
03.01 und des Acoustic Breathiness Index
Authors: Latoszek Ben Barsties v. , Lehnert Bernhard 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Akustische Messverfahren haben das Potential Heiserkeit und
Behauchtheit objektiv zu messen und der Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) und
der Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI) zeigen gute Ergebnisse hinsichtlich
Validität und Reliabilität. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Überprüfung der
internen Validität der aktuellen Version des AVQI 03.01 und des ABI im
Deutschen. Hierzu wurde die Sensitivität gegenüber Stimmveränderungen im
Heiserkeits- und Behauchtheitsgrad durch logopädische Stimmtherapie
untersucht.
Material und Methoden Insgesamt wurden 84 Stimmaufzeichnungen von
fortlaufender Sprache und dem Vokal [a:] vor und nach einer Stimmtherapie
verwendet. Alle Aufnahmen der 42 Probanden stammten von Stimmpatienten mit
unterschiedlichen Schweregraden einer Dysphonie vor und nach einer konservativen
Therapie. Alle Stimmen wurden von drei Stimmexperten nach dem RBH-System
beurteilt.
Ergebnisse Die Intra- Beurteiler Reliabilität ergab insgesamt eine hohe
Reliabilität für Heiserkeit (Kappa Mittelwert = 0,76) und Behauchtheit (Kappa
Mittelwert = 0,69). Die Inter- Beurteiler Reliabilität erreichte hingegen eine
niedrigere Reliabilität für beide Stimmqualitätsaspekte, die zwischen Kappa =
0,27 und 0,29 lag. Für beide Messverfahren, AVQI und ABI, zeigte sich ein
deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Perzeption von Veränderungen der
Stimmqualität vor und nach der Therapie und dem Messergebnis (Heiserkeit vs.
AVQI: r = 0,715, p < 0,01 und Behauchtheit vs. ABI: r = 0,712, p < 0,01).
Die Unterschiede waren auch nicht signifikant.
Schlussfolgerung Die Resultate zeigten, dass AVQI Version 03.01 und ABI
eine hohe interne Validität haben, um Stimmveränderungen nach Intervention zu
erfassen. AVQI und ABI sind zwei valide und robuste Messinstrumente, die
Heiserkeit und Behauchtheit objektiv messen können.
Upper Blepharoplasty: Management of the Upper Eyelid and Brow Complex via Transblepharoplasty Approach
Authors: Pham Tuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUpper blepharoplasty is one of the more common facial plastic procedures. The upper lid and brow complex are managed together. Whether upper blepharoplasty is performed for medical or cosmetic reasons, the aim is to improve appearance while retaining natural shape and maintaining (or improving) function. For optimal results, it is important to understand relevant eyelid anatomy and the concept of maintaining youthful volume and position of the eyelid brow orbit complex. Management of patient expectations, meticulous planning, and a degree of surgical finesse all contribute to the desired outcome. The article will focus on the assessment, techniques, and complications of upper blepharoplasty, which involve management of the skin, orbicularis oculi, preaponeurotic fat, levator aponeurosis and muscle as related to concomitant ptosis, and lateral brow complex via transblepharoplasty (internal) brow lift and fixation.
Aesthetics and Rejuvenation of the Temple
Authors: Rihani Jordan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe temples are an often overlooked, but important element of facial rejuvenation. The anatomy of the temple should be understood prior to any intervention in this location. Multimodal treatment to re-establish youthful convexity, proper hairline position, and correct actinic damage is recommended for optimal results. Important anatomy, aesthetic goals, and methods of rejuvenation are reviewed in detail.
Fat Grafting Volume Restoration to the Brow and Temporal Regions
Authors: Tzikas Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrimary manifestations of facial aging are the reduction in subcutaneous tissue volume, especially the atrophy of fat as well as bone volume depletion which directly contribute to loss of support and laxity of the skin. Depressions and hollows develop with a visible disruption of the cosmetic facial aesthetic units resulting in harsh shadows. This is especially evident in the eyebrow and temporal regions which accentuate the appearance of brow ptosis and a hollow, almost cadaveric look to the temple. Restoration of volume to these areas has been shown to rejuvenate the upper face creating a softer, fuller, and more youthful appearance. Fat grafting by itself or in combination with upper facial surgical procedures plays a major role in the restoration of youthful facial qualities in this region.
Acute Hypoxia Induces Enkephalin Production and Release in an Adrenergic Cell Line Model of Neonatal Chromaffin Cell Responses to Hypoxic Stress
Authors: Calero Alexa , Villanueva Hazel , Giri Priyadarshani , Tischler Arthur , Powers James , Evinger Marian 
Published: April 2018

Objective Prior to maturation of the human sympathetic nervous system, the neonatal adrenal medulla senses and responds to hypoxia. In addition to catecholamine release, the adrenal medulla synthesizes and stores opioid peptides, notably enkephalin (ENK). However, it is not known whether acute hypoxia evokes adrenal ENK production and release, as seen in the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesize that acute hypoxia stimulates synthesis and release of ENK in chromaffin cells.
Study Design Cultures of adrenergic mouse pheochromocytoma cells (MPC) 10/9/96CR were incubated in 10% oxygen (O2) at intervals of up to 60 minutes. ENK content and release were measured by Met-ENK enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ENK messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results Incubation of MPC 10/9 cells in 10% O2 evoked rapid release of epinephrine and of Met-ENK which increased approximately twofold in 15 minutes. Reduced [O2] also induced an overall increase (14%) in cellular ENK peptide content within 60 minutes. Acute hypoxia-stimulated release of Met-ENK was accompanied by increased mRNAENK expression in MPC 10/9s, a cell culture model of adrenergic chromaffin cells.
Conclusion We speculate that the ability of reduced [O2] to evoke ENK release from chromaffin cells may influence blood pressure regulation and heart contractility, thereby providing an adaptive survival advantage during neonatal asphyxia.
Symbiont selection via alcohol benefits fungus farming by ambrosia beetles
Authors: Ranger Christopher M. , Biedermann Peter H. W. , Phuntumart Vipaporn , Beligala Gayathri U. , Ghosh Satyaki , Palmquist Debra E. , Mueller Robert , Barnett Jenny , Schultz Peter B. , Reding Michael E. , Benz J. Philipp 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Ambrosia beetles are among the true fungus-farming insects and cultivate fungal gardens on which the larvae and adults feed. After invading new habitats, some species destructively attack living or weakened trees growing in managed and unmanaged settings. Ambrosia beetles adapted to weakened trees tunnel into stem tissues containing ethanol to farm their symbiotic fungi, even though ethanol is a potent antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of various fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. Here we demonstrate that ambrosia beetles rely on ethanol for host tree colonization because it promotes the growth of their fungal gardens while inhibiting the growth of “weedy” fungal competitors. We propose that ambrosia beetles use ethanol to optimize their food production.
Harmonics added to a flickering light can upset the balance between ON and OFF pathways to produce illusory colors
Authors: Rider Andrew T. , Henning G. Bruce , Eskew Rhea T. , Stockman Andrew 
Published: April 2018

Significance
By varying the temporal waveforms of complex flickering stimuli, we can produce alterations in their mean color that can be predicted by a physiologically based model of visual processing. The model highlights the perceptual effects of a well-known feature of most visual pathways, namely the early separation of visual signals into increments and decrements. The role of this separation in improving the efficiency and sensitivity of the visual system has been discussed before, but its effect on perception has been neglected. The application of a model incorporating half-wave rectification offers an exciting psychophysical method for investigating the inner workings of the human visual system.
Programmed self-assembly of peptide–major histocompatibility complex for antigen-specific immune modulation
Authors: Mao Chih-Ping , Peng Shiwen , Yang Andrew , He Liangmei , Tsai Ya-Chea , Hung Chien-Fu , Wu T.-C. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
T cells play a critical role in the control of diseases, ranging from infection to cancer. However, the activation of antigen-specific T cells against low-affinity antigens, such as tumor self-antigens, remains a challenge. Here, we report a technology for amplifying antigen-specific lymphocyte responses based on orchestrating coordinated signaling events at the level of peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)–TCR interactions. We engineered a soluble chimeric protein composed of annexin V (ANXA5) linked to pMHC. ANXA5 behaves as an anchor that facilitates stable, repeated cognate pMHC–TCR contacts and TCR cross-linking via programmed self-assembly. pMHC/ANXA5 fusion augments lymphocyte responses by several orders of magnitude and overcomes low-affinity pMHC–TCR interactions.
Neddylation mediates ventricular chamber maturation through repression of Hippo signaling
Authors: Zou Jianqiu , Ma Wenxia , Li Jie , Littlejohn Rodney , Zhou Hongyi , Kim Il-man , Fulton David J. R. , Chen Weiqin , Weintraub Neal L. , Zhou Jiliang , Su Huabo 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Myocardium thickening at midgestation to late gestation is crucial for the formation of a functionally competent postnatal heart. However, posttranslational mechanisms regulating this process remain unexplored. Here, we uncover a critical role for the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 in heart development. By targeting the E1 enzyme that mediates the conjugation of NEDD8 to protein targets, we show that NEDD8 modification is essential for ventricular compaction and heart function. We further identify that the NEDD8 substrate Cullin 7 mediates the degradation of Hippo kinase Mst1, thereby enabling YAP signaling, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and proper heart development. These results reveal a posttranslational regulatory mechanism in ventricular wall maturation and may provide mechanistic insights into the etiology of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy.
Roles of the CSE1L-mediated nuclear import pathway in epigenetic silencing
Authors: Dong Qiang , Li Xiang , Wang Cheng-Zhi , Xu Shaohua , Yuan Gang , Shao Wei , Liu Baodong , Zheng Yong , Wang Hailin , Lei Xiaoguang , Zhang Zhuqiang , Zhu Bing 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Regulators essential for facilitating gene silencing are interesting targets of epigenetic studies. Our work describes a regulator, CSE1L, that is essential for the silencing of many endogenous methylated genes. Depletion of CSE1L reactivates these genes without causing DNA demethylation. Interestingly, such reactivation is not due to a direct chromatin role of CSE1L. Instead, it depends on the role of CSE1L in importin-mediated protein nuclear transportation, which is confirmed by similar effects observed in cells depleted of other players in the same protein transportation pathway. Intriguingly, importin-mediated protein nuclear transportation preferentially facilitates gene silencing with specificity for a subset of genes, suggesting that the cargo specificity of protein nuclear import systems may impact the selectivity of gene regulation.
Crystal structure and mechanism of human carboxypeptidase O: Insights into its specific activity for acidic residues
Authors: Garcia-Guerrero Maria C. , Garcia-Pardo Javier , Berenguer Esther , Fernandez-Alvarez Roberto , Barfi Gifty B. , Lyons Peter J. , Aviles Francesc X. , Huber Robert , Lorenzo Julia , Reverter David 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Carboxypeptidase O (CPO) is a membrane-anchored brush-border enzyme associated with the small intestinal phase of protein digestion with distinctive specificity toward acidic C-terminal (C-t) amino acids. The combined activity of human CPO (hCPO) and pancreatic carboxypeptidases enables the C-t proteolysis of the great majority of amino acids present in dietary proteins. Here we disclose mechanism and structures of hCPO, both ligand-free and -bound with a natural peptidic inhibitor ascribing the exquisite specificity toward C-t acidic residues to a single amino acid, Arg275, in the substrate-binding pocket. Mutations of this residue to Asp and Ala suffices to reverse the specificity to C-t basic and hydrophobic residues, respectively, and faithfully mirror the specificity variants (hCPB, hCPA1, hCPA2) in enzyme kinetic assays.
On-site comparison of Quantum Hall Effect resistance standards of METAS and the BIPM: Ongoing key comparison BIPM.EM-K12
Authors: Gournay Pierre , Rolland Benjamin , Mortara Alessandro , Jeanneret Blaise 
Published: April 2018

An on-site comparison of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) resistance standards of the Federal Institute of Metrology METAS (Switzerland) and of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was made in December 2017. Measurements of a 100 Ω standard in terms of the conventional value of the von Klitzing constant, R
K-90, agreed to 5 parts in 1010 with a relative combined standard uncertainty u
c = 23 × 10−10.
Scaling from 100 Ω to 10 kΩ has also been addressed through the measurement of a 10000 Ω/100 Ω ratio. The measurements carried out agreed to 2 parts in 1010 with a relative combined standard uncertainty u
c = 19 × 10−10.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).