bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants and oral health conditions in the elderly
Authors: Montano-Silva Rosa María , Abraham-Millán Yoneisy , Peña-Méndez Aliana , Laffita-Acanda Annia , Pérez-Pérez Bárbara Zenaida , Romero-Amaro Jennifer de la Caridad 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In older adults, the social determinants of health directly influence the health-disease process; oral health is no exception. Objective: Determine the behavior of social determinants and oral health conditions in older adults. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 221 individuals aged 60 years and over from office 19, La Demajagua, in June 2024. Questioning and clinical examination of the oral cavity were used, with prior informed consent of the participants and caregivers. The variables studied were: age, sex, occupation, economic well-being, family functioning, housing conditions, eating habits and oral health conditions. Results: The most represented age group was 60 to 74 years old with 72,8 %, with a predominance of males. Only 32,6 % of older adults worked and 11,8 % had good oral health conditions. 56,1 % of those examined reported not having economic well-being, and 73,8 % presented a regular oral health condition. Dysfunctional families predominated in 56,6 %, 46,2 % living in homes with regular conditions and 58,8 % with inadequate eating habits. Conclusions: The unfavorable behavior of the analyzed determinants reveals their negative influence on the oral health condition of older adults.
Research opportunity for Prevention and Control of No communicable Diseases
Authors: Qtait Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Palestine is facing an epidemiological transformation that affects its health to the major health diseases of Non communicable diseases (NCDs) and the majority of mortality rates. The aim to know the contextualize the research requirements and prevention for Non communicable diseases (NCDs)Methods: Using both systematic and other literature search, we identified and reviewed NCD and reported since 2000. Information was extracted from published papers. The extracted information was refined through further review and then underwent a textual narrative synthesis.Result: Cardiovascular disorders, asthma, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are the main NCDs The key risk factors common for many chronic diseases are smoking, diet, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and obesity.Important epidemiological descriptions have told us of the causes and distribution of NCDs and the insufficiencies in tackling NCDs have been demonstrated by their risk factors, including non-health determinants (poverty, schooling, jobs, and health system assessments. In the shaping of the research agenda, many global initiatives and publications have given guidance.Conclusion: Major progress has been made in research related to Non communicable diseases in the nation. As we take its stock, it is evident that to optimize research outputs to address the increasing burden of chronic Non communicable diseases, a strategic path and thrust is needed. It needs simultaneous galvanization of monitoring, surveillance and cooperation activities, thus reinforcing efforts to provide universal health care for all people.
A emergencia global climática e o green new deal: reflexôes acerca da justiça climática e das disposições do Acordo de Paris
Authors: Milchert Artur Bernardo , Melo Milena Petters 
Published: November 2024

Atualmente, o Acordo de Paris é o documento que representa a ciência das nações acerca da emergência global climática. Os recentes relatórios publicados pelo Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas – IPCC alertam sobre a crise iminente no caso de manutenção dos padrões das atividades antrópicas. Nesse contexto parecem pouco eficazes os programas e os mecanismos desenvolvidos, até agora, para a persecução de um aumento de temperatura média global abaixo de 1,5ºC em comparação aos níveis pré-industriais. O presente trabalho, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e de documentos, com a aplicação do método hipotético-dedutivo, privilegia o âmbito disciplinar do direito internacional em diálogo com os estudos socioambientais e a ecologia para focalizar a justiça climática como demanda e prerrogativa das novas gerações. As hipóteses, ao final verificadas, seguem no sentido de afirmar que: 1) efetivamente ainda não foram produzidos resultados que contemplem plenamente os objetivos perseguidos pela UNFCCC; 2) para enfrentar os impactos da emergência climática, os pressupostos da justiça climática e as disposições do Acordo de Paris representam um impulso importante para um imprescindível Green New Deal global. A conclusão enfatiza que o enfrentamento da emergência global climática perpassa por uma abordagem multidisciplinar.
The principle of justice in the construction of a special legal status (historical and theoretical aspect)
Authors: Schmidt Anna Valeryevna 
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study is the principle of justice. The idea of justice is revealed in the context of the legal regulation of the rights and obligations of persons with special legal status. The essential aspects of the principle of equity at the individual and regulatory level are analyzed. It is noted that the principle of justice in relation to special legal status means the following: 1) any specific rights and obligations included in it must be established on certain grounds; 2) the content of these rights and obligations must correspond to the nature of these grounds. Thus, violations of justice in the construction of a special legal status can be of two kinds: either arbitrary (groundless) granting of rights or assignment of duties, or, if there are such grounds, excessive or insufficient nature of rights and duties. The research methodology includes the following approaches: comparative analysis, abstraction, deduction, induction, idealization, formalization, axiomatic and logical method. It seems important to distinguish between the aspects of justice: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative characteristic of justice is to ensure that the grounds of a special legal status, on the one hand, and its content, on the other, are homogeneous in their value nature; for example, that an act of positive social significance (merit) generates a positive legal assessment expressed in the provision of additional benefits (encouragement), and vice versa. The quantitative measurement of justice assumes that the volume of social benefits or encumbrances inherent in a special legal status reflected, at least with some degree of accuracy, the similar significance of what served as the basis for this. From a practical point of view, the fairness of a special legal status can be revealed at two levels: individual (law enforcement) or normative (law-making).
Comparison of Lethal and Nonlethal Sampling Methods for the Detection of Largemouth Bass Virus (LMBV) from Largemouth Bass in the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Leis Eric , McCann Rebekah , Standish Isaac , Bestul Anna , Odom Torri , Finnerty Casey , Bennie Barb 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Traditional methodologies to identify fish pathogens require euthanasia before the collection of tissue samples. While these methods are standardized and proven, there are instances where nonlethal alternatives would be preferred. Despite the need to develop nonlethal sampling techniques, few publications have focused on them and even fewer have used these approaches to identify viruses from infections occurring in wild fish populations. In this study, we compared the ability of nonlethal sampling techniques with traditional methods for the detection of Largemouth Bass virus (LMBV) from a wild population of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides from the upper Mississippi River. Largemouth bass virus was isolated from 30% of the Largemouth Bass sampled using traditional methods where tissue samples were inoculated on Bluegill fry (BF-2) cells. Furthermore, when using tissue cell culture to isolate LMBV, there was no significant difference observed in the overall proportion that was positive between the mucus samples and the kidney and spleen samples. Mucus swabs analyzed with molecular methods (conventional PCR and quantitative PCR) were more sensitive than traditional tissue cell culture-based methods as they detected LMBV from &gt;70% of the samples; limitations to these methods (i.e., carryover contamination) were also identified. The results of this study suggest that nonlethal sampling may be a useful option for detecting LMBV from fish populations.
Stabilization of Mineral Precursors by Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Authors: Rao Ashit , Drechsler Markus , Schiller Stefan , Scheffner Martin , Gebauer Denis , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiogenic nucleation and crystallization occur in confined spaces with defined interfacial properties. However, the regulatory functions of organic players in the stabilization and transport of inorganic precursors such as ion clusters, liquid‐condensed phases, and amorphous particles are unclear. Given the prevalence of unstructured proteins in biogenic materials, the present study investigates the effects of biomineral‐associated, intrinsically disordered protein domains with simple and repetitive amino acid compositions on mineral nucleation and their capability to form distinct supramolecular assemblies. The quantitative assessment and structural evaluation of the nucleation process reveal that disordered regions confine hydrated mineral precursors within vesicles, transiently suppressing mineral precipitation. Stabilization of the amorphous mineral is attributed to protein self‐association and restructuration toward β‐configurations, triggered by specific bioinorganic interactions. In consequence, the conditioned macromolecules localize at phase boundaries formed upon liquid–liquid demixing of mineral precursors and stabilize the fluidic mineral precursors against crystallization. Thus, the conformational plasticity and self‐association of intrinsically disordered sequences in response to crystallization environments mediates the selection of functional macromolecular subensembles dedicated to biomaterial growth.
Implantable Energy‐Harvesting Devices
Authors: Shi Bojing , Li Zhou , Fan Yubo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe sustainable operation of implanted medical devices is essential for healthcare applications. However, limited battery capacity is a key challenge for most implantable medical electronics (IMEs). The human body abounds with mechanical and chemical energy, such as the heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation, and the oxidation–reduction of glucose. Harvesting energy from the human body is a possible approach for powering IMEs. Many new methods for developing in vivo energy harvesters (IVEHs) have been proposed for powering IMEs. In this context energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric effect, triboelectric effect, automatic wristwatch devices, biofuel cells, endocochlear potential, and light, with an emphasis on fabrication, energy output, power management, durability, animal experiments, evaluation criteria, and typical applications are discussed. Importantly, the IVEHs that are discussed, are actually implanted into living things. Future challenges and perspectives are also highlighted.
Efficient Non‐Fullerene Organic Photovoltaic Modules Incorporating As‐Cast and Thickness‐Insensitive Photoactive Layers
Authors: Zhang Tong , Zeng Guang , Ye Feng , Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Xiaoniu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, a new combination of a wide bandgap polymer poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]‐dithiophene‐alt‐N‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐5′5‐bis[3‐(decylthio)thiophene‐2‐yl]‐2′2‐bithiophene‐3′3‐dicarboximide] (PBTIBDTT) and a non‐fullerene small molecule acceptor based on a bulky seven‐ring fused core (indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) end‐capped with 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile groups with one fluorine substituent (ITIC‐F) is proposed, and as‐cast non‐fullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) with 11.2% efficiency are achieved. The device efficiencies are also insensitive to the variation of photoactive layer (PAL) thickness and can maintain over 9% efficiency as PAL thickness increases to 350 nm, which is one of the best results for as‐cast organic solar cells. More importantly, non‐fullerene organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules are demonstrated via laser ablation technique for the first time, which delivers a record efficiency of 8.6% (with active area of 3.48 cm2) among large‐area OPV modules. Furthermore, the morphology and performance evolutions of the as‐cast NFOSCs and the ones processed with solvent additive are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate the great advantage of as‐cast solar cells in achieving constant morphology and high performance with thick PALs. The NFOSCs fabricated with simple procedure, insensitive to film thickness and compatible with large‐area OPV modules, show significant potential for application the future.
Efficient UPLC and CE methods for the simultaneous determination of azelastine hydrochloride and its genotoxic impurity
Authors: Abdelwahab Nada S. , Farid Nehal F. , Elagawany Mohamed , Abdelmomen Esraa H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel stability‐indicating UPLC and CE method was established and validated for the determination of azelastine hydrochloride (AZL) and its genotoxic impurity, benzohydrazide, in the presence of benzalkonium chloride. The developed UPLC method was based on chromatographic separation using a C18column as a stationary phase and acetonitrile–(0.1% w/v) aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate (55:45, v/v, pH 5 with phosphoric acid) as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and UV detection at 215 nm. The chromatographic run time was ~2 min. The developed CE method depended on using a stationary phase of Standard Bare Fused Silica Capillaries (75 μm i.d. × 59 cm and 50 cm detection length) and the applied voltage was 30 kV using 40 mmphosphate buffer (pH 2 with aqueous H3PO4); the detection wavelength was 225 nm. The analysis time was about 6 min. The suggested methods were successfully applied for the analysis of AZL in a pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the developed methods was assessed by applying the standard addition technique and no interference from excipients was observed. The results obtained by the proposed methods were statistically analyzed and compared with the manufacturer's method and no significant difference was found between the compared methods.
Solid‐Phase Gene Synthesis for Mutant Library Construction: The Future of Directed Evolution?
Authors: Li Aitao , Sun Zhoutong , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDirected evolution of stereo‐ and regioselective enzymes as catalysts in organic chemistry and biotechnology constitutes a complementary alternative to selective transition‐metal catalysts and organocatalysts. Saturation mutagenesis at sites lining the binding pocket has emerged as a key method in this endeavor, but it suffers from amino acid bias, which reduces the quality of the library at the DNA level and, thus, at the protein level. Chemical solid‐phase gene synthesis for library construction offers a solution to this fundamental problem, and the Sloning and Twist platforms are two possible options. This concept article analyzes these approaches and compares them to traditional PCR‐based saturation mutagenesis; the superior commercial Twist technique shows almost no bias.
Solid State Supercapacitor Based on Manganese Oxide@Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polypyrrole Electrodes
Authors: Arul N. Sabari , Han Jeong In , Chen Pao Chi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA Mn3O4 nanocrystals@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MRNC) is prepared using a hydrothermal method. Structural analysis of the synthesized MRNC shows the formation of tetragonal hausmannite phase of Mn3O4 nanocrystals and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheet/scrolls. As electrode material for supercapacitors, MRNC reaches a specific capacitance of 611 F g−1 with excellent stability showing a cycling stability of 95 % after 3000 cycles. In addition, polypyrrole (PPy) films with various thicknesses are deposited on flexible carbon fiber via electrodeposition method. A solid state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) based on MRNC as positive and PPy as negative electrode was assembled. The assembled ASC delivers a maximum energy density and power density of 32 Wh kg−1 and 833 W kg−1, respectively, with excellent cycling stability (90 % capacitance retention after 6000 cycles). The result reveals that the MRNC is a promising candidate as superior electrode material for supercapacitors.
A model‐free approach to reduce the effect of autocorrelation on statistical process control charts
Authors: Ma Xi , Zhang Laibin , Hu Jinqiu , Palazoglu Ahmet 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe presence of autocorrelation in time series data significantly affects the performance of statistical process control charts. For process data collected in real time, consecutive observations result in serial dependence that violates the assumption of sample independence. This paper focuses on the improvement of statistical process control (SPC) charts of individual observations when they are designed to monitor stationary processes in the presence of data autocorrelation. Three widely used SPC tools, Shewhart chart, Hotelling's T2 chart, and PCA‐based SPC charts, are chosen to demonstrate the proposed approach. There has been a modified version of SPC chart shown to be effective in accommodating the autocorrelation behavior, relying on a model‐based estimation of chart parameters. Process model estimation, however, is a challenging task, especially for complex systems. In this paper, a model‐free monitoring approach is proposed for SPC charts of individual observations, aimed at reducing the effect of autocorrelation on chart performance. It relies on a skipping strategy that creates sample bins with little or no autocorrelation. A single skipping chart and a combined skipping chart (CSC) are established, and a parameter sensitivity study is performed through simulations. In the case studies, the advantages of the CSC are noted as being a model‐free approach and having a performance consistent with that of the benchmark modified chart.
CO2 biomass fluidized gasification: Thermodynamics and reactivity studies
Authors: Bastos Amanda Kuhn , Torres Cindy , Mazumder A. , de Lasa Hugo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study reports biomass gasification in a fluidized CREC Riser Simulator. Steam‐CO2 and steam‐inert gas were used as gasifier agents. Three biomass feedstocks were evaluated in terms of gasification performance, based on carbon conversion, product molar fraction, and H2/CO ratios. Results showed that gasification bed temperature influences syngas yields, as well as tar formation. This is the case regardless of the gasifier agent used. It was also shown that steam‐CO2 gasification significantly reduces tar formation while improving carbon conversion and increasing H2 and CO yields. Experimentally‐observed product molar fractions were compared with thermodynamic equilibrium model results. This thermodynamic equilibrium model accounts for biomass elemental composition, bed temperature, and gasifying agents. It was proven that for steam‐CO2 gasification, the thermodynamic equilibrium model predictions are close to the experimental results obtained in the fluidized CREC Riser Simulator. It was also demonstrated that steam‐carbon dioxide gasification leads to a zero CO2 gain, and therefore, a negligible carbon footprint.
High‐performance low‐power approximate Wallace tree multiplier
Authors: Abed Sa'ed , Khalil Yasser , Modhaffar Mahdi , Ahmad Imtiaz 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMultipliers are considered critical functional units in many systems like Digital Signal Processing (DSP), machine learning, and so on. The overall performance of such systems are dependent on the efficiency of multipliers. However, multipliers are slow and power inefficient components due to their complex circuits, so we aim to reduce their power consumption by relaxing their accuracy requirements and at the same time enhancing their speed. In this paper, we present a fast and a power‐aware multiplier that targets error‐resilient systems. This is achieved by using our proposed approximation algorithm, a hybrid Wallace tree technique for reducing power consumption, and a hybrid ripple‐carry adder for reducing latency. The proposed approximation algorithm is implemented using both a modified bit‐width aware and carry‐in prediction technique, while the proposed hybrid Wallace tree is implemented using high order counters. These proposed algorithms are implemented using HDL language, synthesized, and simulated using Quartus and Modelsim tools. For a 16‐bit multiplier, a mean accuracy of 98.35% to 99.95% was achieved with a 45.77% reduction in power, a 21.48% drop in latency, and a 34.95% reduction in area. In addition, our design performs even better for larger size multipliers (32‐bit multiplier) where a 61.24% reduction in power was achieved, with an 8.74% drop in latency and a 35.24% reduction in area with almost no loss in accuracy.
On optimizing firewall performance in dynamic networks by invoking a novel swapping window–based paradigm
Authors: Mohan Ratish , Yazidi Anis , Feng Boning , Oommen John 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDesigning and implementing efficient firewall strategies in the age of the internet of things is far from trivial. This is because, as time proceeds, an increasing number of devices will be connected, accessed, and controlled on the internet. Additionally, an ever‐increasingly amount of sensitive information will be stored on various networks. A good and efficient firewall strategy will attempt to secure this information and to also manage the large amount of inevitable network traffic that these devices create. The goal of this paper is to propose a framework for designing optimized firewalls for the internet of things. This paper deals with 2 fundamental challenges/problems encountered in such firewalls. The first problem is associated with the so‐called rule matching time problem. Here, we propose a simple condition for performing the swapping of the firewall's rules; using which, we can guarantee the firewall's consistency and integrity and also ensure a greedy reduction in the matching time. Unlike the state of the art, our swapping condition considers rules that are not necessarily consecutive, using a novel concept referred to as a “swapping window.” The second contribution of our paper is a novel “batch”‐based traffic estimator that provides network statistics to the firewall placement optimizer. The traffic estimator is a subtle but modified batch‐based embodiment of the Stochastic Learning Weak Estimator. Further, by performing a rigorous suite of experiments, we demonstrate that both algorithms are capable of optimizing the constraints imposed for obtaining an efficient firewall.