bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Especial skill vs. quiet eye duration in basketball free throw: Evidence for the inhibition of competing task solutions
Authors: Klostermann André 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe quiet eye (QE) is a gaze phenomenon that has been studied over more than two decades. However, the underlying mechanisms of the well‐known expertise effect, namely, longer QE durations in experts when compared to less‐skilled athletes remain unclear. Therefore, from a functional perspective, an inhibition hypothesis was proposed that explains long QE durations in experts with increased inhibition requirements over movement parametrisation. This hypothesis was tested by making use of the especial‐skill effect in basketball free throw which refers to the observation of higher actual performance than would be predicted on the basis of performance at the nearby locations. In line with the expectations, from the distance of the free‐throw line, higher actual than predicted shooting accuracy and longer actual than predicted QE duration were revealed. This suggests that when performing free throws prolonged QE durations are required to shield the optimal against alternative task solutions within the very dense sub‐space of this especial skill. These findings suggest an inhibition function of long QE durations in expert athletes.
Does the Key Task Measure Prospective Memory? Cautionary Findings from Parallel Studies in HIV Disease and Older Adults
Authors: Babicz Michelle A , Sullivan Kelli L , Weinborn Michael , Bucks Romola S , Ng Amanda , Hodgson Erica , Parker Denise , Pushpanathan Maria , Fine Lara , Loft Shayne , Woods Steven Paul 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
Despite its brevity and face validity, little is known about the construct validity of the naturalistic “Key Task” of prospective memory (PM), in which an examinee is instructed to remind the examiner at a designated time to retrieve keys (or another belonging) placed out of sight.

Method
Study 1 included 162 HIV+ and 52 HIV− comparison participants who completed the Key Task alongside well-validated measures of PM and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that included everyday functioning measures. Study 2 used broadly parallel methods in 168 older community-dwelling Australians.

Results
Overall, the Key Task was not reliably associated with neurocognitive functioning (including clinical and experimental measures of PM), PM symptoms, or everyday functioning in either sample.

Conclusions
The Key Task did not demonstrate compelling evidence of construct validity among persons living with HIV disease or older adults, which raises doubts regarding its clinical usefulness as a measure of PM.
The Dynamics of Domestic Abuse and Drug and Alcohol Dependency
Authors: Gadd David , Henderson Juliet , Radcliffe Polly , Stephens-Lewis Danielle , Johnson Amy , Gilchrist Gail 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article elucidates the dynamics that occur in relationships where there have been both substance use and domestic abuse. It draws interpretively on in-depth qualitative interviews with male perpetrators and their current and former partners. These interviews were undertaken for the National Institute for Health Research-funded ADVANCE programme. The article’s analysis highlights the diverse ways in which domestic abuse by substance-using male partners is compounded for women who have never been substance dependent, women who have formerly been substance dependent and women who are currently substance dependent. The criminological implications of the competing models of change deployed in drug treatment and domestic violence intervention are discussed alongside the policy and practice challenges entailed in reconciling them within intervention contexts where specialist service provision has been scaled back and victims navigate pressures to stay with perpetrators while they undergo treatment alongside the threat of sanction should they seek protection from the police and courts.
Estimating the impact of azimuth-angle variations on photovoltaic annual energy production
Authors: Dhimish Mahmoud , Silvestre Santiago 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) installation is affected by its tilt and azimuth angles, because these parameters change the amount of solar energy absorbed by the surface of the PV modules. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the impact of the azimuth angle on the energy production of PV installations. Two different PV sites were studied, where the first comprises PV systems installed at –13°, –4°, +12° and +21° azimuth angles in different geographical locations, whereas the second PV site included adjacent PV systems installed at –87°, –32°, +2° and +17° azimuth angles. All the investigated PV sites were located in Huddersfield, UK. In summary, the results indicate that PV systems installed between –4° and +2° presented the maximum energy production over the last 4 years, while the worst energy generation were observed for the PV system installed at an azimuth angle of –87°. Finally, the probability projections for all observed azimuth angles datasets have been assessed. Since PV systems are affected by various environmental conditions such as fluctuations in the wind, humidity, solar irradiance and ambient temperature, ultimately, these factors would affect the annual energy generation of the PV installations. For that reason, we have analysed the disparities and the probability of the annual energy production for multiple PV systems installed at different azimuth angles ranging from –90° to +90° degrees, and affected by different environmental conditions. These analyses are based on the cumulative density function modelling technique as well as the normal distribution function.
In vivo ratiometric optical mapping enables high-resolution cardiac electrophysiology in pig models
Authors: Lee Peter , Quintanilla Jorge G , Alfonso-Almazán José M , Galán-Arriola Carlos , Yan Ping , Sánchez-González Javier , Pérez-Castellano Nicasio , Pérez-Villacastín Julián , Ibañez Borja , Loew Leslie M , Filgueiras-Rama David 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac optical mapping is the gold standard for measuring complex electrophysiology in ex vivo heart preparations. However, new methods for optical mapping in vivo have been elusive. We aimed at developing and validating an experimental method for performing in vivo cardiac optical mapping in pig models.

Methods and results
First, we characterized ex vivo the excitation-ratiometric properties during pacing and ventricular fibrillation (VF) of two near-infrared voltage-sensitive dyes (di-4-ANBDQBS/di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA) optimized for imaging blood-perfused tissue (n = 7). Then, optical-fibre recordings in Langendorff-perfused hearts demonstrated that ratiometry permits the recording of optical action potentials (APs) with minimal motion artefacts during contraction (n = 7). Ratiometric optical mapping ex vivo also showed that optical AP duration (APD) and conduction velocity (CV) measurements can be accurately obtained to test drug effects. Secondly, we developed a percutaneous dye-loading protocol in vivo to perform high-resolution ratiometric optical mapping of VF dynamics (motion minimal) using a high-speed camera system positioned above the epicardial surface of the exposed heart (n = 11). During pacing (motion substantial) we recorded ratiometric optical signals and activation via a 2D fibre array in contact with the epicardial surface (n = 7). Optical APs in vivo under general anaesthesia showed significantly faster CV [120 (63–138) cm/s vs. 51 (41–64) cm/s; P = 0.032] and a statistical trend to longer APD90 [242 (217–254) ms vs. 192 (182–233) ms; P = 0.095] compared with ex vivo measurements in the contracting heart. The average rate of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decay of di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA in vivo was 0.0671 ± 0.0090 min−1. However, reloading with di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA fully recovered the initial SNR. Finally, toxicity studies (n = 12) showed that coronary dye injection did not generate systemic nor cardiac damage, although di-4-ANBDQBS injection induced transient hypotension, which was not observed with di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA.

Conclusions
In vivo optical mapping using voltage ratiometry of near-infrared dyes enables high-resolution cardiac electrophysiology in translational pig models.
Quality of life after coronary bypass: a multicentre study of routinely collected health data in the Netherlands†
Authors: Blokzijl Fredrike , Houterman Saskia , van Straten Bart H M , Daeter Edgar , Brandon Bravo Bruinsma George J , Dieperink Willem , Reneman Michiel F , Keus Frederik , van der Horst Iwan C C , Mariani Massimo A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In this study, our aim was to explore how coronary artery bypass grafting affects quality of life, and how this varies with age, particularly with patients at risk of deterioration.

METHODS
In a retrospective, multicentre cohort study, patients with isolated coronary artery bypass grafting and electively operated between January 2011 and January 2015 with pre- and postoperative quality-of-life data were included. Patients were classified into 3 age groups: <65, 65–79 and ≥80 years. Quality of life was measured up to 1-year follow-up using the Short Form-12 or the Short Form-36 health survey. A multivariable, linear regression analysis, with an adjustment for confounders, was used to evaluate the association between age and quality of life.

RESULTS
A total of 2606 patients were included in this study. Upon one-year of follow-up, the mean physical health of patients increased from 54 at baseline to 68, and mental health increased from 60 to 67. We observed decreased mental health in 20% of patients aged <65 years, 20% of patients aged 65–79 years and 29% of patients aged ≥80 years (P = 0.039). In this study, age was not associated with a lower physical or mental component score (P = 0.054 and P = 0.13, respectively). Independent risk factors for a decrease in quality of life consist of a better physical and mental score at baseline (P < 0.001) and a reduced left ventricular function (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Most patients experience a relevant increase in physical and mental quality of life, but a proportion of patients aged ≥80 years undergo significant deterioration in mental health.
Framingham score and work-related variables for predicting cardiovascular disease in the working population
Authors: Zwaard Albert-Jan van der , Geraedts Anna , Norder Giny , Heymans Martijn W , Roelen Corné A M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The Framingham score is commonly used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated whether work-related variables improve Framingham score predictions of sickness absence due to CVD.

Methods
Eleven occupational health survey variables (descent, marital status, education, work type, work pace, cognitive demands, supervisor support, co-worker support, commitment to work, intrinsic work motivation and distress) and the Framingham Point Score (FPS) were combined into a multi-variable logistic regression model for CVD sickness absence during 1-year follow-up of 19 707 survey participants. The Net Reclassification Index (NRI) was used to investigate the added value of work-related variables to the FPS risk classification. Discrimination between participants with and without CVD sickness absence during follow-up was investigated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
A total of 129 (0.7%) occupational health survey participants had CVD sickness absence during 1-year follow-up. Manual work and high cognitive demands, but not the other work-related variables contributed to the FPS predictions of CVD sickness absence. However, work type and cognitive demands did not improve the FPS classification for risk of CVD sickness absence [NRI = 2.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.7 to 9.5%; P = 0.629]. The FPS discriminated well between participants with and without CVD sickness absence (AUC = 0.759; 95% CI 0.724–0.794).

Conclusion
Work-related variables did not improve predictions of CVD sickness absence by the FPS. The non-laboratory Framingham score can be used to identify health survey participants at risk of CVD sickness absence.
Walking for Better Outcomes and Recovery: The Effect of WALK-FOR in Preventing Hospital-Associated Functional Decline Among Older Adults
Authors: Cohen Yaniv , Zisberg Anna , Chayat Yehudit , Gur-Yaish Nurit , Gil Efrat , Levin Chedva , Rand Debbie , Agmon Maayan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
In-hospital immobility of older adults is associated with hospital-associated functional decline (HAFD). This study examined the WALK-FOR program’s effects on HAFD prevention.

Methods
A quasi-experimental pre-post two-group (intervention group [IG] n = 188, control group [CG] n = 189) design was applied in two hospital internal medical units. On admission, patients reported pre-hospitalization functional status, which was assessed again at discharge and 1-month follow-up. Primary outcome was decline in basic activities of daily living (BADL), using the Modified Barthel Index. Secondary outcomes were decline in instrumental ADL (Lawton’s IADL scale) and community mobility (Yale Physical Activity Survey). All participants (75.1 ± 7 years old) were cognitively intact and ambulatory at admission. The WALK-FOR included a unit-tailored mobility program utilizing patient-and-staff education with a specific mobility goal (900 steps per day), measured by accelerometer.

Results
Decline in BADL occurred among 33% of the CG versus 23% of the IG (p = .02) at discharge, and among 43% of the CG versus 30% in the IG (p = .01) at 1-month follow-up. Similarly, 26% of the CG versus 15% of the IG declined in community mobility at 1-month follow-up (p = .01). Adjusted for major covariates, the intervention reduced the odds of decline in BADL by 41% (p = .05) at discharge and by 49% at 1-month follow-up (p = .01), and in community mobility by 63% (p = .02). There was no significant effect of the intervention on IADL decline (p = .19).

Conclusions
The WALK-FOR intervention is effective in reducing HAFD.
Approaches to Assessment of Muscle Mass and Myosteatosis on Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amini Behrang , Boyle Sean P , Boutin Robert D , Lenchik Leon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background/Objective: There is increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in sarcopenia research using a wide variety of techniques. We performed a systematic review of the CT literature to identify the differences between approaches used. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed from 1983 to 2017 was performed to identify studies that used CT muscle measurements to assess muscle mass and myosteatosis. The CT protocols were evaluated based on anatomic landmark(s), thresholding, muscle(s) segmented, key measurement (ie, muscle attenuation, cross-sectional area, volume), derived variables, and analysis software. From the described search, 657 articles were identified and 388 studies met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Results: Muscle mass was more commonly assessed than myosteatosis (330 vs. 125). The most commonly assessed muscle or muscle groups were total abdominal wall musculature (142/330 and 49/125 for muscle mass and myosteatosis, respectively) and total thigh musculature (90/330 and 48/125). The most commonly used landmark in the abdomen was the L3 vertebra (123/142 and 45/49 for muscle mass and myosteatosis, respectively). Skeletal muscle index and intermuscular adipose tissue were the most commonly used measures of abdominal wall muscle mass (114/142) and myosteatosis (27/49), respectively. Cut points varied across studies. A significant majority of studies failed to report important CT technical parameters, such as use of intravenous contrast and slice thickness (94% and 63%, respectively). Conclusions: There is considerable variation in the CT approaches used for the assessment of muscle mass and myosteatosis. There is a need to develop consensus for CT-based evaluation of sarcopenia and myosteatosis.
Consumer Movements and Value Regimes: Fighting Food Waste in Germany by Building Alternative Object Pathways
Authors: Gollnhofer Johanna F , Weijo Henri A , Schouten John W 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Consumer movements strive to change markets when those markets produce value outcomes that conflict with consumers’ higher-order values. Prior studies argue that consumer movements primarily seek to challenge these value outcomes by championing alternative higher-order values or by pressuring institutions to change market governance mechanisms. Building on and refining theorization on value regimes, this study illuminates a new type of consumer movement strategy where consumers collaborate to construct alternative object pathways. The study draws from ethnographic fieldwork in the German retail food sector and shows how building alternative object pathways allowed a consumer movement to mitigate the value regime’s excessive production of food waste. The revised value regime theorization offers a new and more holistic way of understanding and contextualizing how and where consumer movements mobilize for change. It also provides a new tool for understanding systemic value creation and the role of consumers in such processes.
ADAM10 sheddase activation is controlled by cell membrane asymmetry
Authors: Bleibaum Florian , Sommer Anselm , Veit Martin , Rabe Björn , Andrä Jörg , Kunzelmann Karl , Nehls Christian , Correa Wilmar , Gutsmann Thomas , Grötzinger Joachim , Bhakdi Sucharit , Reiss Karina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Dysregulation of the disintegrin-metalloproteinase ADAM10 may contribute to the development of diseases including tumorigenesis and Alzheimer’s disease. The mechanisms underlying ADAM10 sheddase activation are incompletely understood. Here, we show that transient exposure of the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is necessarily required. The soluble PS headgroup was found to act as competitive inhibitor of substrate cleavage. Overexpression of the Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase Anoctamin-6 (ANO6) led to increased PS externalization and substrate release. Transfection with a constitutively active form of ANO6 resulted in maximum sheddase activity in the absence of any stimulus. Calcium-dependent ADAM10 activation could not be induced in lymphocytes of patients with Scott syndrome harbouring a missense mutation in ANO6. A putative PS-binding motif was identified in the conserved stalk region. Replacement of this motif resulted in strong reduction of sheddase activity. In conjunction with the recently described 3D structure of the ADAM10 extracellular domain, a model is advanced to explain how surface-exposed PS triggers ADAM10 sheddase function.
Minimally Invasive Cervical Pedicle Screw Placement With a Freehand Technique Through the Posterolateral Approach Using a Tubular Retractor: A Technical Note
Authors: Lee Subum , Park Jin Hoon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Although many studies have demonstrated the biomechanical superiority of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement with sufficient safety and accuracy, it also has an inevitable major drawback in that an extensive posterior neck muscle dissection results in immediate postoperative neck pain. To avoid this disadvantage and highlight the several biomechanical advantages of CPS, we conducted the first minimally invasive surgery using both a tubular retractor through the posterolateral approach and a freehand placement technique.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 77-yr-old man presented with quadriparesis and neck pain. The diagnosis was infectious discitis with ventral epidural abscess extending from C6 to T1. The surgery was performed in 2 steps. First, CPSs were inserted bilaterally in C6 and C7 with a freehand technique through the tubular retractor, and posterolateral fusion was performed with cancellous iliac bone chips after 2 rod connections. Second, C6–7 discectomy with partial upper bony resection of the C7 body was performed through an anterior approach. Anterior interbody fusion was performed with only iliac bone block, without plate fixation. The patient could sit without serious neck pain immediately postoperatively, and ambulation was possible the next day after surgery. Postoperative magnetic resonance images showed complete bilateral preservation of the semispinalis cervicis muscles. Six months after operation, dynamic radiographs showed stability and the visual analogue scale score for neck pain was 1 point.

CONCLUSION
We report on an advantageous minimally invasive approach combined with the freehand technique for the preservation of the posterior ligamentous complex and muscles during CPS placement.
Minimally Invasive Dual Iliac-Screw and Dual-Rod Construct: A Case Report Describing Optimal Subcrestal Iliac-Screw Entry Points in the Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Lumbosacral Fracture
Authors: Liu Gabriel , Hasan Muhammed Yaser 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Dual iliac-screw and dual-rod fixation provides additional stability to lumbopelvic constructs and can be employed in management of neoplastic disease with extensive osseous involvement. Optimal iliac-screw positioning is vital to achieve the desired dual iliac-screw and dual-rod linkage.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
In this report, we describe our technique with particular focus on subcrestal iliac-screw entry point position using a 4-quadrant teardrop radiological view concept in a case of minimally invasive L3-iliac spinopelvic fixation using dual iliac-screw and dual-rod for a patient with pathological sacral fracture. At the last follow-up 20 mo postsurgery there was minimal axial and radicular pain and no evidence of screw prominence. Radiographs showed no evidence of construct failure.

CONCLUSION
The 4-quadrant teardrop concept provides a good visual reference for optimal subcrestal screw placement when employing a dual iliac-screw and dual-construct.
Understanding Mortgage Spreads
Authors: Boyarchenko Nina , Fuster Andreas , Lucca David O 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Because most mortgages in the United States are securitized in agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS), yield spreads on MBS are a key determinant of homeowners’ funding costs. We study variation in MBS spreads in the time series and across securities and document that MBS spreads show a pronounced cross-sectional smile with respect to the securities’ coupon rates. We present a new pricing model that uses “stripped” MBS prices to identify the contribution of non-interest-rate prepayment risk to spreads and find that this risk explains the smile, whereas the time-series spread variation is mostly accounted for by nonprepayment risk factors.
Received March 30, 2015; editorial decision November 21, 2018 by Editor Leonid Kogan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Cognitive Development: The Scaffold for Critical Thought
Authors: Ippolito Karen O. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Critical thinking is valued in nursing education, but few studies have addressed level of cognitive development as a necessary structure for critical thinking. This correlational study uses hierarchical multiple regression analysis to investigate relationships between level of cognitive development and level of critical thinking, holding gender, age, general knowledge, prior education, and language status constant (N = 190). Results indicated 30 percent of beginning nursing students were at a concrete thinking level. Cognitive developmental level accounted for a significant portion of the variance in critical thinking scores. Consideration of cognitive developmental readiness for critical thinking in nursing students is recommended.