bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAIT cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Roles in host defense and therapeutic potentials in infectious diseases and cancer
Authors: Rudak Patrick T , Choi Joshua , Haeryfar S M Mansour 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes that sense the presence of MHC-related protein 1 (MR1)-restricted ligands and select inflammatory cues. Consequently, they release potent immunomodulatory mediators, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and/or IL-17. MAIT cells can also be viewed as killer cells. They display several NK cell-associated receptors, carry granules containing cytotoxic effector molecules, and swiftly upregulate perforin and granzymes upon activation. Accordingly, MAIT cells are capable of lysing MR1-expressing cells infected with a variety of pathogenic bacteria in in vitro settings and may also mount cytotoxic responses during microbial infections in vivo. Of note, MAIT cell hyperactivation during certain infections may impede their ability to elicit inflammatory and/or cytotoxic responses to secondary stimuli. In addition, MAIT cells isolated from within and from the margin of tumor masses exhibit diminished functions. We propose that MAIT cell-mediated cytotoxicity can be induced, bolstered, or restored to assist in clearing infections and potentially in reducing tumor loads. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of MAIT cells’ lytic functions and highlight the pressing questions that need to be addressed in future investigations. We also offer a picture, however hypothetical at this point, of how harnessing the full cytotoxic potentials of MAIT cells may be a valuable approach in the immunotherapy of infectious and malignant diseases.
Review on MAIT cells as effector cells that can destroy infected cells and may also have the capacity to eliminate neoplastic cells.
The Influence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Health Functioning in Active‐Duty Military Service Members
Authors: Asnaani Anu , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Benhamou Kathy , Yarvis Jeffrey S. , Peterson Alan L. , Young‐McCaughan Stacey , Borah Elisa V. , Dondanville Katherine A. , Hembree Elizabeth A. , Litz Brett T. , Mintz Jim , Foa Edna B. ,   for the STRONG STAR Consortium
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearchers have suggested that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant healthcare burden and utilization of medical services. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of PTSD symptoms on health functioning among active‐duty military personnel. Participants in the study were 366 treatment‐seeking service members who had returned from deployment and were participating in a larger PTSD treatment study. Assessments included measures of PTSD symptom severity, combat experiences, life stress, health functioning, alcohol use, and depression. We hypothesized that at baseline, PTSD severity and its symptom clusters would be significantly associated with poorer physical and mental health functioning. We conducted separate hierarchical multiple regressions to examine the predictive contribution the hypothesized factors would have on the variance in physical and mental health scores. Consistent with previous literature, we found that PTSD severity was significantly associated with poorer mental health functioning, B = −0.25, SE = 0.08, β = −0.15, t(342) = −3.07, R2 = .37, p = .002; however, contrary to our hypotheses, PTSD severity was not associated with poorer physical health functioning. Further, the hyperarousal symptom cluster was significantly associated with poorer physical health functioning, B = −0.83, SE = 0.26, β = −0.18, t(340) = −3.16, R2 = .11, p = .002, but not mental health functioning. Limitations of our study included the use of self‐report measures only and lack of objective measures. Future directions for study include examination of how health functioning perceptions change over a longer duration of PTSD symptoms and after treatment.
Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout Among Refugee Resettlement Workers: The Role of Coping and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Akinsulure‐Smith Adeyinka M. , Espinosa Adriana , Chu Tracy , Hallock Ryan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo promote a better understanding of the impact of refugee resettlement work on refugee resettlement workers, this study examined the prevalence rates of deleterious mental health and occupational outcomes, such as secondary traumatic stress and burnout, among a sample of 210 refugee resettlement workers at six refugee resettlement agencies in the United States. The study also explored coping mechanisms used by service providers to manage work‐related stress and the influence of such strategies and emotional intelligence on secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Our findings show that certain coping strategies, including self‐distraction, humor, venting, substance use, behavioral disengagement, and self‐blame, were strongly related to deleterious outcomes, βs = .18 to .38, ps = .023 to < .001. Emotional intelligence was a negative correlate for all outcomes, βs = −.25 to −.30, ps < .001, above and beyond the effects of trauma, coping styles, job, and demographic characteristics. These findings have potential implications for clinical training and organizational policy regarding refugee mental health.
Choosing the Right Laser for Microelectronic Packaging Tasks
Authors: Müller Dirk 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe size of semiconductor dies and packaged devices continues to shrink in order to support more sophisticated and compact tablets, phones, watches and other wearables. This trend creates greater opportunities for lasers because of their unique ability to perform diverse materials processing tasks with high precision and minimal heat‐affected zone (HAZ). As a result, lasers are finding increased use in wafer dicing, package singulation, optical debonding, micro‐via drilling, RDL (re‐distribution layer) structuring, dicing tape cutting (EMI shield), soldering, annealing and laser‐assisted bonding, to name just a few. In this article, we review several laser‐based processes used in advanced packaging and examine some of the key benefits and trade‐offs in order to help guide engineers to choosing the optimum source for their particular task.
Biases from different DNA extraction methods in intestine microbiome research based on 16S rDNA sequencing: a case in the koi carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Koi
Authors: Han Zhuoran , Sun Jingfeng , Lv Aijun , Wang Anli 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study examined the technical bias associated with different DNA extraction methods used in microbiome research. Three methods were used to extract genomic DNA from the same intestinal microbiota sample that was taken from the koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi, after which their microbial diversity and community structure were investigated on the basis of a 16S rDNA high‐throughput sequencing analysis. Biased results were observed in relation to the number of reads, alpha diversity indexes and taxonomic composition among the three DNA extraction protocols. A total of 1,381 OTUs from the intestinal bacteria were obtained, with 852, 759, and 698 OTUs acquired, using the Lysozyme and Ultrasonic Lysis method, Zirmil‐beating Cell Disruption method, and a QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit, respectively. Additionally, 336 OTUs were commonly acquired, using the three methods. The results showed that the alpha diversity indexes (Rarefaction, Shannon, and Chao1) of the community that were determined using the Lysozyme and Ultrasonic Lysis method were higher than those obtained with the Zirmil‐beating Cell Disruption method, while the Zirmil method results were higher than those measured, using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit. Moreover, all the major phyla (ratio>1%) could be identified with all three DNA extraction methods, but the phyla present at a lower abundance (ratio <1%) could not. Similar findings were observed at the genus level. Taken together, these findings indicated that the bias observed in the results about the community structure occurred primarily in OTUs with a lower abundance. The results of this study demonstrate that possible bias exists in community analyses, and researchers should therefore be conservative when drawing conclusions about community structures based on the currently available DNA extraction methods.
Opposite Effects of the Spinach Food Matrix on Lutein Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Uptake Lead to Unchanged Bioavailability Compared to Pure Lutein
Authors: Margier Marielle , Buffière Caroline , Goupy Pascale , Remond Didier , Halimi Charlotte , Caris‐Veyrat Catherine , Borel Patrick , Reboul Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2018

ScopeFood matrix is generally believed to alter carotenoid bioavailability, but its effect on xanthophylls is usually limited. This study thus aims to decipher the digestion‐absorption process of lutein in the presence or not of a food matrix.MethodsLutein transfer to gastric‐like lipid droplets or artificial mixed micelles was assessed when lutein was added to test meals either as a pure molecule ((all‐E)‐lutein) or in canned spinach ((Z) + (all‐E)‐lutein). The obtained mixed micelles were delivered to Caco‐2 cells to evaluate lutein uptake. Finally postprandial plasma lutein responses were compared in minipigs after the two test meals.ResultsLutein transfer to gastric‐like lipid droplets and to mixed micelles was higher when lutein was added in spinach than when it was added as pure lutein (+614% and +147%, respectively, p < 0.05). Conversely, lutein uptake was less effective when micellar lutein was from a meal containing spinach than from a meal containing its pure form (−55%, p < 0.05). In minipigs, postprandial lutein response was delayed with spinach but not significantly different after the two test meals.ConclusionOpposite effects at the micellarization and intestinal cell uptake steps explain the lack of effect of spinach matrix on lutein bioavailability.
Enhanced mixed interpolation XFEM formulations for discontinuous Timoshenko beam and Mindlin‐Reissner plate
Authors: Toolabi M. , Fallah A.S. , Baiz P.M. , Louca L.A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryShear locking is a major issue emerging in the computational formulation of beam and plate finite elements of minimal number of degrees of freedom as it leads to artificial overstiffening. In this paper, discontinuous Timoshenko beam and Mindlin‐Reissner plate elements are developed by adopting the Hellinger‐Reissner functional with the displacements and through‐thickness shear strains as degrees of freedom. Heterogeneous beams and plates with weak discontinuity are considered, and the mixed formulation has been combined with the extended finite element method (FEM); thus, mixed enrichment functions are used. Both the displacement and the shear strain fields are enriched as opposed to the traditional extended FEM where only the displacement functions are enriched. The enrichment type is restricted to extrinsic mesh‐based topological local enrichment. The results from the proposed formulation correlate well with analytical solution in the case of the beam and in the case of the Mindlin‐Reissner plate with those of a finite element package (ABAQUS) and classical FEM and show higher rates of convergence. In all cases, the proposed method captures strain discontinuity accurately. Thus, the proposed method provides an accurate and a computationally more efficient way for the formulation of beam and plate finite elements of minimal number of degrees of freedom.
Foreign educated nurses’ work experiences and patient safety—A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Viken Berit , Solum Eva Merethe , Lyberg Anne 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to identify the evidence contributed by qualitative research studies of foreign educated nurses’ work experiences in a new country and to link the results to patient safety competencies.DesignA systematic literature review of qualitative studies.MethodsElectronic searches in the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Cinahl databases and additional manual searches in five scientific journals. A content analysis of 17 qualitative articles was conducted.ResultsThe analysis revealed one main theme: “Being an outsider at work” and two themes: “Cultural dissonance and Unfamiliar nursing practice. Two sub‐themes emerged from the first theme; Loneliness and discrimination” and “Communication barriers”. The second theme was based on the following two sub‐themes: “Handling work‐related stress” and “Role uncertainty and difficulties in decision‐making”. A better prepared and longer orientation period with continual clinical supervision including systematic reflection on practice experiences is needed to support foreign educated nurses in the transition period and strengthen their Patient Safety Competencies. Nurse Managers have an important role in ensuring the inclusion of foreign educated nurses and providing desirable working conditions.
Plant training for induced defense against insect pests: a promising tool for integrated pest management in cotton
Authors: Llandres Ana L , Almohamad Raki , Brévault Thierry , Renou Alain , Téréta Idrissa , Jean Janine , Goebel François‐Regis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnhancing cotton pest management using plant natural defenses has been described as a promising way to improve the management of crop pests. We here reviewed various studies on cotton growing systems to illustrate how an ancient technique called plant training, which includes plant topping and pruning, may contribute to this goal. Using examples from cotton crops, we show how trained plants can be brought to a state of enhanced defense that causes faster and more robust activation of their defense responses. We revisit the agricultural benefits associated with this technique in cotton crops, with a focus on its potential as a supplementary tool for integrated pest management (IPM). In particular, we examine its role in mediating plant interactions with conspecific neighboring plants, pests and associated natural enemies. We propose a new IPM tool, plant training for induced defense, which involves inducing plant defense through artificial injury. Experimental evidence from various studies shows that cotton training is a promising technique, particularly for smallholders, which can be used as part of an IPM program to significantly reduce insecticide use and to improve productivity in cotton farming. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Low warfarin resistance frequency in Norway rats in two cities in China after 30 years of usage of anticoagulant rodenticides
Authors: Ma Xiaohui , Wang Dawei , Li Ning , Liu Lan , Tian Lin , Luo Chan , Cong Lin , Feng Zhiyong , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Song Ying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnticoagulant rodenticides have been widely used in rodent control in China for >30 years and resistant Norway rats have been reported. Mutations in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (Vkorc1) gene can cause anticoagulant resistance in rodents. In this study, we analyzed the Vkorc1 polymorphisms of 681 Norway rats collected in Zhanjiang and Harbin Cities in China from 2008 to 2015 and evaluated the warfarin resistance frequency.RESULTSAnalysis revealed four mutations, including three not previously reported. Two new synonymous mutations, His68His and Leu105Leu, are not associated with warfarin resistance. One new nonsynonymous mutation, Ala140Thr, was found in Zhanjiang rat samples collected in 3 years with low frequencies (3.3–4.0%) and is probably associated with warfarin resistance. Laboratory resistance tests suggested low warfarin resistance frequencies in rats from Zhanjiang (4.9–17.1%) and Harbin (0–2.5%) Cities.CONCLUSIONSBoth genetic analysis and laboratory resistance tests suggested low warfarin resistance frequencies in rats from Zhanjiang and Harbin Cities. The alternate usage of first‐generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs) and second‐generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) might represent an effective strategy against the development of warfarin resistance in Norway rats in China. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cathodoluminescence study of defects in thermal treatment of zinc titanate thin films deposited by a cosputtering process
Authors: Chiang Tun‐Yuan , Tsai Chien‐Huang , Huang Ming‐Chao , Wen Hua‐Chiang , Chou Wu‐Ching 
Published: April 2018

The effects of thermal treatment of polycrystalline ZnO–TiO2 systems on their luminescence emission and phase properties were investigated using ex situ cathodoluminescence and backscattering electron microscopy. The main features of the spectrum are a blue band at 2.75 eV for the phase of TiO and a complex visible band at 2.18 eV for the phase of ZnO, whose peak intensity depends on the annealing temperature. The spectrum intensity is dominated by the ZnO phase when annealing temperature was 720°C, which is attributed to abnormal grain growth. Competition is observed between the broad band peaked at 2.18 eV and visible band peaked at 2.75 eV as the annealing temperature changed (820°C‐920°C). The cathodoluminescence density is gradually governed by the TiO2 phase, and the emission in polychromatic and monochromatic imaging is stronger equally at 920°C. The nucleation of the TiO2 and ZnO grains is present in the backscattering electron images as well.
Growth of Carbon‐Functionalized, Carbon‐Doped ZnO/C Core‐Shell Nanorods for Photoelectrochemical Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Majumder Tanmoy , Dhar Saurab , Chakraborty Pinak , Mondal Suvra Prakash 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon functionalized, carbon doped ZnO/C core‐shell nanorod (C‐ZnO NRs) arrays were synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates by using a chemical process. The presence of carbon in ZnO NRs was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. C‐ZnO NR photanodes demonstrated superior photoconversion efficiency (η∼0.79%) and short circuit current (JSC∼0.82 mA/cm2) compared to pristine ZnO NRs. The incident‐photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the photoanodes has been improved up to 59.4%, after C doping. Quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have been fabricated using nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) as a photosensitizer with C‐ZnO NR photoanodes. Such carbon based green QDSSCs demonstrated power conversion efficiency up to ∼ 0.247%, which was 6.3 times higher than pristine ZnO NRs.
Eco‐Efficient Ultrasonic‐Responsive Synthesis of Primary O‐Alkyl and O‐Aryl Thiocarbamates Using Brønsted Acid Ionic Liquid [H‐NMP][HSO4] in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature
Authors: Inaloo Iman Dindarloo , Majnooni Sahar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the present report, a highly efficient, simple and one‐pot process has been reported for the preparation of novel series of primary O‐alkyl and O‐aryl thiocarbamates through the reaction of aliphatic alcohols and phenols with thiocyanate salts in the present of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate [H‐NMP][HSO4] as a reusable promoter. This process has also been done in aqueous media at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation. All reactions preceded smoothly and the titled products were obtained in good to excellent yields.
Facile Solvent‐ and Metal‐Free Synthesis of Polymers Including Triazole by Click Reaction
Authors: Ranjbar‐Karimi Reza , Mehrafarin Ali , Mahyari Amir , Mehrabi Hossein 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA convenient green and rapid synthesis has been developed for the preparation of new polymers including 1,2,3‐triazole under solvent‐free conditions. These polymers were synthesized via a click reaction between alkynes and azido containing polymers in excellent yields without any catalyst for 3 minutes. The synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permission chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
Synthesis, Opto‐electrochemical and Theoretical Investigation of Pyrazino[2, 3‐b]phenazine Amines for Organic Electronics
Authors: Kanekar Deepali N. , Chacko Sajeev , Kamble Rajesh M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA series of five novel donor–acceptor molecules based on tetraazatetracene skeleton containing electron deficient pyrazino[2, 3‐b]phenazine core as acceptor and electron rich triarylamines as donor moiety have been synthesized by Buchwald−Hartwig coupling amination reaction and fully characterized. The synthesized molecules were studied for their optoelectronic properties. Absorption spectra of all the compounds showed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions in the range of 430−502 nm. All compounds emit in green−red region with emission maxima in the range of 491−639 nm on excitation at their respective ICT absorption maxima. The HOMO and LUMO energy level were found in the range of –5.40 to –5.66 eV and –3.69 to –3.84 eV respectively as calculated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Theoretical studies were also carried out by using TD−DFT calculations. On the basis of HOMO and LUMO energy level, synthesized compounds could act as ambipolar materials in organic electronics.
The Buen Formation (Cambrian Series 2) biota of North Greenland
Authors: Peel John S. , Willman Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe diverse metazoan fauna from the upper member of the Buen Formation of North Greenland is described as a complement to published descriptions of the exceptionally preserved fauna of the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte which occurs in the lowest beds of the formation. Considered together with organic‐walled microfossils, which are absent from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte on account of regional metamorphism, the fauna from the upper member provides an extended picture of the Buen Formation biota (Cambrian, Series 2, Stages 3–4; Montezuman–Dyeran of Laurentian usage). Although dominated numerically by specimens of the olenelline trilobitesLimniphacosandMesolenellus, the oldest assemblages (Montezuma–Dyeran boundary) from the upper member of the Buen Formation are characterized by a high diversity of hyoliths which often occur as partial associations of conch, operculum and helens in the dark mudstones; hyoliths are rare in the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte. Sponges are rare in the upper Buen Formation but diverse at Sirius Passet. Unlike the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, fossil remains of non‐mineralized metazoans with limbs and other details of internal anatomy do not occur in the upper Buen Formation, although organic tubes assigned to a new selkirkiid stem group priapulid (Sullulika) are common. New taxa:Alutella sikusp. nov.,Sullulika broenlundigen. et sp. nov.,Nevadotheca boerglumensissp. nov.,Kalaallitia myliuserichsenigen. et sp. nov.,Nasaaraqia hyptiotheciformisgen. et sp. nov.,Trapezovitus malinkyisp. nov.,Decoritheca?hagenisp. nov.