bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenge your stereotypes! Human Library and its impact on prejudice in Poland
Authors: Groyecka Agata , Witkowska Marta , Wróbel Monika , Klamut Olga , Skrodzka Magdalena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHuman Library is a public event aimed at reducing stereotypes and prejudices, in the form of an interactive, contact‐based intervention. It employs the logic of a regular library yet with readers “borrowing” Living Books, which are real people representing various minority groups. Readers engage in 30‐min conversations, during which they can challenge their stereotypes and widen their scope of knowledge and understanding. This pre‐post intervention study examined the effectiveness of the Human Library (held in Wrocław, Poland) in reducing social distance towards Roma, Muslims, dark‐skinned, and transgender people, as well as in decreasing homonegativity. Also, we measured whether participation in the Human Library changes individual attitudes towards diverse workgroups. We found that the Human Library decreased social distance towards Muslims. Also, the more Living Books that the participants “read,” the bigger the shift in their social distance towards Muslims. Furthermore, we observed an increase in positive affective attitude towards working in diversified groups, as a result of participation in the event. The study serves as partial support for the effectiveness of the Human Library in altering one's attitude towards minority groups and diversity. The intervention is discussed as a promising but not yet entirely understood tool to improve intergroup relations.
Prevention of kidney cell damage in hyperglycaemia condition by adiponectin
Authors: Esmaeili Sajad , Motamedrad Maryam , Hemmati Mina , Mehrpour Omid , Khorashadizadeh Mohsen 
Published: March 2019

Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocytokine, secreted from adipose tissue and has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐ageing, and antidiabetic properties. Hyperglycaemia can damage the renal cells, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), along with Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), have an important role in kidney cell response to hyperglycaemia. Therefore, understanding the relationship between adiponectin, mTOR, and SIRT1 proteins is beneficial for deciphering the mechanism of adiponectin function. In this study, Human Embryonic Kidney‐293 (HEK‐293) cells were cultured under normal and high‐glucose condition, with and without APN (1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for 48 hours. mTOR protein expression was evaluated by western blot analysis, and SIRT1 protein was assessed using ELISA method. To evaluate hyperglycaemia‐mediated cytotoxicity, cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Data showed that APN in high dose (100 ng/mL) significantly reduced the expression of mTOR and p‐mTOR, increased SIRT1 protein, and also improved cell viability compared with the control high glucose (p ≤ 0.05). According to this results, APN can be useful in preventing renal cell damage, by affecting on the expression of mTOR and SIRT1 proteins, as well as increasing the survival of kidney cells in hyperglycaemia conditions.Significance of the studyAdiponectin triggered mTOR/p‐mTOR/SIRT1 pathway and decreased cell death in human kidney cells. Our findings provide preliminary experimental data that support further studies on the potential therapeutic role of adiponectin in diabetes and diabetic‐induced metabolic complications.
Telmisartan protects against high glucose/high lipid‐induced apoptosis and insulin secretion by reducing the oxidative and ER stress
Authors: Wang Yan , Xue Jingjing , Li Yan , Zhou Xin , Qiao Shun , Han Dewu 
Published: March 2019

Telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has been widely used for hypertension. It has also been reported to improve insulin sensitivity in animal models of obesity and diabetic patients by targeting to the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ. High glucose/high lipid (HG/HL)‐induced apoptosis of pancreatic β‐cells impairs its function of insulin secretion and is generally believed to be the key factor in the development of diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether telmisartan exerted a protective effect against HG/HL‐induced apoptosis and insulin secretion in vitro as well as in vivo; 10‐μM telmisartan treatment significantly reduced HG (25 mM) or/and HL (0.4 mM palmitic acid) induced‐cell apoptosis and greatly improved insulin secretion in INS‐1 pancreatic β‐cells, which is consistent in an obesity rat model induced by HG/HL diets. Furthermore, telmisartan treatment markedly reduced the protein level of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase 12, while increasing anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein expression. Moreover, telmisartan treatment significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PPARγ signaling pathway may be involved in the telmisartan protective effects, which were blocked by a PPARγ blocker, GW9662. In conclusion, the protective effect of telmisartan was mediated by an anti‐ER stress‐induced apoptotic and anti‐oxidative pathway.Significance of this studyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder worldwide pathologically characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Long‐term high glucose in the blood has been proposed to induce pancreatic β‐cell loss and is generally believed to be the key factor in the development of diabetes. In the present study, we demonstrated that telmisartan, a common drug used for hypertension treatment, has a protective effect against high glucose/high lipid‐induced cell apoptosis and greatly improves the insulin secretion function by inhibiting the oxidative stress and ER stress. Furthermore, this protective effect of telmisartan is mediated by the PPAR‐γ signal pathway, which may provide a potential strategy against T2DM.
A Bis‐Zn2+‐Pyridyl‐Salen‐Type Complex Conjugated to the ATP Aptamer: An ATPase‐Mimicking Nucleoapzyme
Authors: Biniuri Yonatan , Shpilt Zohar , Albada Bauke , Vázquez‐González Margarita , Wolff Mariusz , Hazan Carina , Golub Eyal , Gelman Dimitri , Willner Itamar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCatalytic nucleic acids consisting of a bis‐Zn2+‐pyridyl‐salen‐type ([di‐ZnII 3,5 bis(pyridinylimino) benzoic acid]) complex conjugated to the ATP aptamer act as ATPase‐mimicking catalysts (nucleoapzymes). Direct linking of the Zn2+ complex to the 3′‐ or 5′‐end of the aptamer (nucleoapzymes I and II) or its conjugation to the 3′‐ or 5′‐end of the aptamer through bis‐thymidine spacers (nucleoapzymes III and IV) provided a set of nucleoapzymes exhibiting variable catalytic activities. Whereas the separated bis‐Zn2+‐pyridyl‐salen‐type catalyst and the ATP aptamer do not show any noticeable catalytic activity, the 3′‐catalyst‐modified nucleoapzyme (nucleoapzyme IV) and, specifically, the nucleoapzyme consisting of the catalyst linked to the 3′‐position through the spacer (nucleoapzyme III) reveal enhanced catalytic features in relation to the analogous nucleoapzyme substituted at the 5′‐position (kcat=4.37 and 6.88 min−1, respectively). Evaluation of the binding properties of ATP to the different nucleoapzyme and complementary molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the distance separating the active site from the substrate linked to the aptamer binding site controls the catalytic activities of the different nucleoapzymes.
Postnatal diagnosis of de novo complex der(8) in a boy with prenatal diagnosis of recombinant chromosome 8 syndrome
Authors: Oren Marina S. , Camacho Jenny E. , Xie Hongyan , Lowe Jean , Cushing Tom , Clericuzio Carol , Maxwell Jessie R. 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageRecombinant chromosome 8 syndrome is caused by duplication of 8q and deletion of 8p. A fetus with anomalies was misdiagnosed with this syndrome based on an amniocyte karyotype. Postnatal chromosomal microarray and other studies identified a de novo derivative chromosome 8. For fetal anomalies, detailed genetic studies may be required.
Tuning Zeolite Properties towards CO2 Methanation: An Overview
Authors: Bacariza M. Carmen , Graça Inês , Lopes José M. , Henriques Carlos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work provides a short review of the literature concerning the utilization of zeolites as supports for CO2 methanation catalysts. Indeed, the application of these materials in carbon dioxide hydrogenation into methane has led to considerably relevant performances according to the literature, being zeolite‐based catalysts more active and selective than commercial materials reported. Considering the well‐known zeolite features and the possibility to finely modulate its properties, inducing relevant changes on the adsorbed metal species and in the CO2 activation ability of the catalyst, potentially interesting catalytic properties can be generated also towards this transformation. Possible correlations between the characteristics of these materials, found as relevant for CO2 methanation, and the catalytic properties will be then presented and discussed.
Acid Hydrolysis of Chitosan to Oligomers Using Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Aljbour Nawzat D. , Beg Mohammad D. H. , Gimbun Jolius 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe natural polymer chitosan is widely used for medical and drug delivery applications. Low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) has superior properties compared to high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC), which open new applications of LMWC, especially in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries. LMWC is often produced from HMWC by acid, enzymatic, or oxidative hydrolysis. Industrially, hydrolysis with dilute HCl is preferred, since it is simple, practical, and gives a high yield. In this study 2M HCl was used to prepare LMWC. A high average depolymerization yield of 87% was obtained. The LMWCs were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, and the molecular weight and degree of deacetylation were determined. The prepared LMWCs are fully deacetylated, and their production by this method is reproducible.
Nanopolyaniline Coupled with an Anticorrosive Graphene as a 3D Film Electrocatalyst for Efficient Oxidation of Toluene Methyl C−H Bonds and Hydrogen Production at Low Voltage
Authors: Zhu Yanji , Wang Huaiyuan , Jin Kai , Gong Jinlong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA graphene‐wrapped polyaniline nanoparticles film embedded in carbon cloth (CC/PANI/G) was fabricated and used as a 3D anodic electrocatalyst for oxidation of toluene methyl C−H groups. The methyl C−H bonds can be oxidized effectively at the CC/PANI/G anode with 99.9 % toluene conversion at a low applied voltage of only 1.0 V, which implies low energy input. Importantly, 86.6 % of toluene methyl C−H groups were converted to benzoyl groups (C=O), and hydrogen was produced efficiently at the cathode. The electrocatalytic efficiency at the CC/PANI/G anode was higher at lower voltage (1.0 V) than at higher voltage (1.5 V), and more hydrogen was produced at the corresponding cathode. The synergistic effect between the dynamic redox chemistry of nanoPANI and the excellent conductivity and anticorrosive action of graphene determined the high electrocatalytic efficiency of the oxidation of toluene methyl C−H groups at the CC/PANI/G anode. Owing to the chemical bonding between graphene and PANI, the anticorrosive CC/PANI/G anodic electrocatalyst was durable and effective for oxidation of toluene methyl C−H groups in acidic environment. This approach provides advanced electrode materials for transforming stable chemical bonds (C−H) into useful functional groups (C=O), which will be beneficial for the synthesis of organic intermediates with coupled hydrogen production.
Contemporary Chemistry of Berkelium and Californium
Authors: White Frankie D. , Dan David , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe merging of small‐scale syntheses and rapid crystallization methods have provided access to crystalline samples of berkelium (Z=97) and californium (Z=98) coordination complexes and compounds that can be interrogated with a suite of spectroscopic tools and structural elucidation approaches that have come online over the last 20 years. The combination of this experimental data with relativistic theoretical methods that capture the effects of spin‐orbit coupling and scalar relativistic effects have allowed us to understand the electronic structure of berkelium and californium compounds at a level of detail that was not previously possible. The harbinger of this new era of post‐curium chemistry was the synthesis and characterization of [Cf{B6O8(OH)5}]. This compound possesses a structure type that is distinct from earlier actinide borates, a reduction in coordination number for californium, contracted Cf−O bond lengths, a substantially reduced magnetic moment with respect to the calculated free‐ion moment and, most importantly, vibronically coupled broadband photoluminescence. Ligand‐field analysis also showed that the splitting of the ground state was larger than typically found in the f‐block elements, and when taken together places its overall electronic structure as a hybrid of d‐ and f‐block components. The discovery of the unusual properties of this compound has led to the development of large families of 4f and 5f coordination complexes, in an effort to uncover the underlying origin of the electronic structure oddities, and whether there really is a sharp onset of these changes at californium. This in turn pushed the development of far more challenging berkelium chemistry (from a radiologic standpoint) because the half‐life of the isotopes decreases from 351 years for 249Cf to 330 days for 249Bk. This short review details some of the chemistry that has been reported over the last 15 years, and its consequences for understanding the periodic table.
Phenyliodine(III) Diacetate/I2‐Mediated Domino Approach for Pyrrolo[1,4]Thiazines and 1,4‐Thiazines by a One‐Pot Morin Rearrangement of N,S‐Acetals
Authors: Danton Fanny , Othman Mohamed , Lawson Ata Martin , Moncol Ján , Ghinet Alina , Rigo Benoît , Daïch Adam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient domino transformation using a phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA)/I2 combination towards Morin 1,4‐thiazine compounds has been developed starting from N,S‐acetals. The latter leads to “one‐step” regioselective methylene insertion without the need for traditional sulfoxide intermediates in good yields. The reaction involves easily accessible N,S‐acetals obtained from cost‐effective basic ketones and cysteamine as starting materials. This process ultimately leads to 1,4‐thiazines related to natural product and fused derivatives necessary for further QSAR study.
Outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using gemcitabine and cisplatin in muscle invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective analysis of the patient and treatment factors in a single institute
Authors: Lee Ka Chai Eric , Mui Wing Ho , Chan Wai , Wong Chi Sing Frank , Chu Sau Kwan Peggy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMeta‐analysis had shown a significant 5% absolute survival benefit in favour of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy before radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND) for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Those who had pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC could have long‐term progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).AimTo identify the treatment and patient factors which could predict a pCR to NAC and the associated PFS and OS in a single institute.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who had received NAC with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) in our centre from January 2004 to December 2017. The patients' age, tumour stage, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), chemotherapy chart, and pathological information were recorded.There were 25 men and five women who had received NAC followed by RC. pCR was noted in the surgical specimen of 11 (37%) patients. The mean dose of gemcitabine was significantly higher in the pCR group than the non‐pCR group (9850 vs 7852 mg, P = 0.039) as was the dose‐intensity of cisplatin (87.4% vs 71.3%, P = 0.044). After a median follow‐up of 38 months (range 4.3‐154), seven patients had disease progression. The estimated 3‐year PFS is 74.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.7%‐83.3%). None of the patients who achieved pCR relapsed, while six out of seven patients who had pN1 disease developed distant metastasis (DM). Only two patients died of DM while two other patients died of unrelated causes. The estimated 3‐year OS is 88.9% (95% CI 82.8%‐95%).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that the dose intensity of GC is a major determinant of pCR, which predicts longer RFS and OS. Further research in gene expression profiling of MIBC to help selecting patient for NAC is needed.
Lightfastness assessment of Levantine rock art by means of microfading spectrometry
Authors: del Hoyo‐Meléndez Julio M. , Carrión‐Ruiz Berta , Riutort‐Mayol Gabriel , Lerma José L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe documentation of archeological sites requires the adoption of non‐destructive techniques to safeguard the unique legacy coming from prehistoric periods. This article tackles the assessment of lightfastness properties on a rock art site to determine the behavior of motif's color deterioration over time in Remígia Cave, Castellón (Spain), which is considered part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The measurements were performed using a microfade testing device to analyze the spectral characteristics and the aging properties of the colorant system and various substrates on site. Two scenarios have been identified depending on whether the lightness (L*) parameter of the rocky substrate changes or not in relation with the painted motifs. If the substrate remains stable without any change, red motifs containing iron oxide pigments will become more visible. If the substrate becomes lighter, the pigments will experience similar changes. Therefore, the contrast between paintings and support will be considerably enhanced.
Refractive Index Dispersion of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Halide Perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X═Cl, Br, I) Single Crystals
Authors: He Chongjun , Zha Guoan , Deng Chenguang , An Yang , Mao Rong , Liu Youwen , Lu Yuangang , Chen Ziyun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOptical dispersion properties are indispensable in the thorough design of modern perovskite‐based photonics devices. Based on inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) method, here, CH3NH3PbX3 (CH3NH3═MA, X═Cl, Br, I) bulk single crystals are grown from precursor solution. X‐ray patterns indicate that the perovskite crystals have good crystallinity. MAPbCl3, MAPbBr3, and MAPbI3 crystals are transparent above 427, 574, and 823 nm, respectively. Refractive indices of MAPbX3 crystals are measured with different wavelength at 24 °C and reduced dramatically with the wavelength increase. Sellmeier dispersion equation fitted by least squares can be used to calculate the refractive index above the absorption edges. Refractive indices rank in the order of MAPbI3 > MAPbBr3 > MAPbCl3 at the same wavelength. The halogen elements have great influence on refractive indices. These results play a vital role in studying MAPbX3 nonlinear optical properties as well as in further designing photoelectric devices.
Social relations in crowds: Recognition, validation and solidarity
Authors: Hopkins Nick , Reicher Stephen , Stevenson Clifford , Pandey Kavita , Shankar Shail , Tewari Shruti 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSocial identity research on crowds demonstrates how cognitive self‐definition as a crowd member results in conformity to identity‐relevant norms. Rather less research has addressed the social‐relational changes within a crowd and how these impact collective experience positively. The present study investigates these processes at a month‐long mass gathering in India. Analysis of 37 interviews with participants attending the annual Magh Mela pilgrimage evidences the concept of shared identity as underpinning their understanding of this mass gathering. Moreover, a theoretically derived thematic analysis of these interviews shows the value of the analytic concepts of recognition, validation, and solidarity in illuminating the ways in which social relations in the crowd were experienced and contributed to the experience of the event. Through exploring the multi‐dimensional nature of relational connectedness in crowds we contribute to an understanding of crowd experience and group processes.
Late Pleistocene site formation and paleoclimate at Lapa do Picareiro, Portugal
Authors: Benedetti Michael M. , Haws Jonathan A. , Bicho Nuno F. , Friedl Lukas , Ellwood Brooks B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cave site of Lapa do Picareiro, Portugal contains a deep (~10 m) sedimentary sequence representing much of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, with abundant animal bones, lithic/bone/shell artifacts, and charcoal/ash in hearths. A deposition model based on 49 radiocarbon ages demonstrates average sedimentation rates of 0.1–0.3 mm a
−1 between 9 and 45 ka. Extrapolation suggests an age at the base of the excavation of 65–78 ka. The cave sediments are primarily limestone éboulis derived from roof spalling, and muddy fine sediment derived from weathered soil infiltrating through bedrock joints and crevices. Bone preservation in the cave is good and disturbance by bioturbation, dissolution, or erosional processes appears to be limited. Most sedimentological parameters vary conservatively with depth, indicating stable sediment sources over time. Several parameters show good agreement with paleoclimate records over the radiocarbon‐dated section. The cold‐arid Heinrich stadials are represented by coarse‐clast beds with little fine sediment and magnetic susceptibility minima, and mild Greenland interstadials correspond with muddy beds and sharp peaks in magnetic susceptibility. This study complements ongoing archaeological excavation at the site and confirms that the sequence has the proper age, resolution, and preservation to inform on Late Pleistocene cultural and climatic transitions.