bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar alcohol degradation in Archaea: uptake and degradation of mannitol and sorbitol in Haloarcula hispanica
Authors: Ortjohann Marius , Schönheit Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica utilizes the sugar alcohols mannitol and sorbitol as carbon and energy sources. Genes, enzymes, and transcriptional regulators involved in uptake and degradation of these sugar alcohols were identified by growth experiments with deletion mutants and enzyme characterization. It is shown that both mannitol and sorbitol are taken up via a single ABC transporter of the CUT1 transporter family. Then, mannitol and sorbitol are oxidized to fructose by two distinct dehydrogenases. Fructose is further phosphorylated to fructose-1-phosphate by a haloarchaeal ketohexokinase, providing the first evidence for a physiological function of ketohexokinase in prokaryotes. Finally, fructose-1-phosphate is phosphorylated via fructose-1-phosphate kinase to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, which is cleaved to triosephosphates by a Class I fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Two distinct transcriptional regulators, acting as activators, have been identified: an IclR-like regulator involved in activating genes for sugar alcohol uptake and oxidation to fructose, and a GfcR-like regulator that likely activates genes involved in the degradation of fructose to pyruvate. This is the first comprehensive analysis of a sugar alcohol degradation pathway in Archaea.
A histopathological study in road-killed European badgers (Meles meles) from the English midlands with isolation of novel non-tuberculous atypical mycobacteria
Authors: Corbetta Davide , Grau-Roma Llorenç , Rees Catherine , Swift Benjamin Michael Connor , O’Cathail Colman , Barron Elsa Sandoval , Verin Ranieri , Morey-Matamalas Antonia , Sorley Marion , Bennett Malcolm 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEuropean badgers (Meles meles) play an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in England, but little is known about the prevalence of atypical mycobacteriosis. Badgers are also known to be infected by other infectious agents, and the relationship between mycobacteriosis and concomitant infections needs further investigation. Overall, 88 badger carcasses from the Midlands of England collected between July 2016-August 2017 were selected for histopathological examination based on the degree of autolysis (mild), mycobacterial culture results and a balanced sex ratio. Mycobacteria were cultured from 44 badgers, of which 31 were mycobacteria belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) (based on IS6110 PCR and Hsp64 and/or rRNA PCR and sequencing) and 13 were non-tuberculous atypical mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacteria were not cultured from the remaining 44 animals. Histologically, the most common findings were silica-laden macrophages (85%), granulomas (53%), sarcocystosis (47%), nephritis (31%), portal/periportal hepatitis (26%), ulcerative dermatitis (18%). Culturable mycobacteriosis was associated with higher prevalence of granulomas (p < 0.001) and lower prevalence of hepatitis (p = 0.003). NTM (M. nonchromogenicum, M. avium complex, M. hassiacum, M. malmoense, M. vaccae.) infections were associated with granulomatous pneumonia, and M. malmoense was associated with pyogranulomatous and ulcerative dermatitis. In conclusion, this study describes, for the first time, histological lesions associated with NTM in badgers, the histomorphology of which was similar to those caused by MTBC. In addition, the negative relationship between mycobacteriosis and periportal hepatitis may indicate a complex relationship between mycobacteriosis and other diseases, as previously observed with tuberculosis.
Seed-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodispersed Au@C Core–Shell Nanostructures for Enhancing Thermal Diffusivity of Water-Based Nanofluids
Authors: Cadena-Torres E. , Ruiz-Peralta Ma. de L. , Sanchez-Ramirez J. F. , Vilchis-Nestor A. R. , Jiménez-Pérez J. L. , Gutiérrez-Fuentes R. , Vela-Vázquez R. , Escobedo-Morales A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAu@C core–shell nanostructures (Au@C-NS) were synthesized through a low-temperature seed-assisted hydrothermal approach using glucose as carbon source. The material characterization and chemical analysis confirm that the synthesis method allows to obtain uniform core–shell nanostructures constituted by a crystalline metal core and an amorphous carbon shell. Depending on the synthesis conditions, their average size ranges from 146 nm to 342 nm with relative standard deviation as low as 7 %. It is proposed that the characteristic monodispersity results due to a high nucleation rate of the carbon phase at the liquid–solid interface. The obtained monodisperse Au@C-NS were used to prepare water-based nanofluids with superior heat transport properties. The thermal lens analysis shows that the thermal diffusivity of Au@C nanofluids is 9.5 % and 31.3 % higher than their Au nanofluids counterparts and pure water, respectively, at particle concentration of 285 × 1011 ml−1. Phonon-related interactions at the metal cores and carbon shells interfaces are proposed as the heat transport mechanism behind the thermal diffusivity enhancement of the Au@C water-based nanofluids.
Fostering technical skills and creativity in the digital fabrication spaces: an open-ended prototyping approach
Authors: Soomro Sohail Ahmed , Nanjappan Vijayakumar , Casakin Hernan , Georgiev Georgi V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of a digital fabrication course on the development of digital fabrication skills and creativity. The course focused on open-ended prototyping and aimed to investigate its effects on students’ motivation, enjoyment, and confidence. Students’ creativity levels were measured using a creativity test at the beginning and end of a seven-week course. Additionally, the students shared their subjective feedback on their skills and experiences in designing and fabricating prototypes using digital fabrication tools. The results showed that prototyping activities significantly improved students’ overall creativity and perceived proficiency in 2D and 3D modeling, prototyping, embedded programming, and operating fabrication machines. Students’ confidence increased across most skills, although some of their motivation and enjoyment for certain skills decreased by the end of the course. It was also revealed that collaborative learning was perceived as enjoyable and not always suitable for developing certain personal skills, such as 2D modelling and programming. Future research could investigate pedagogical approaches tailored to individual needs and collaborative configurations for optimal skill development.
Design thinking in early childhood education and care. A literature review and consideration from the perspective of young learners’ craft, design, and technology education
Authors: Grönman Satu , Lindfors Eila , Rönkkö Marja-Leena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDesign thinking is a cognitive, iterative process that involves identifying goals, understanding users, and creating solutions. It has changed from a designers’ activity to an all-around approach to the innovation process and become a pedagogical phenomenon. In this article, design thinking method is studied in an educational context among young learners (children aged 5–8) through a literature review. The aim of this review is to gain an understanding of the reasons why and the ways in which design thinking is applied as an educational method in early childhood education and care. Through the review, we aim to find new ideas for teaching craft, design, and technology education with young learners. We present the results of 20 peer-reviewed articles reporting empirical studies of applying design thinking methods in an educational context with young learners. The results show that previous research has identified three themes of reasons to apply design thinking in early childhood education and care: enhancing multidisciplinary teaching, teaching design thinking as a method and supporting children’s developmental domains, and participatory learning. The ways to apply design thinking with young learners also coalesced into three themes: children acting as designers by solving real-life problems, open-ended science problems, and challenges in imaginary play. In conclusion, we consider these findings from the perspective of teaching craft, design, and technology education for young learners.
Personality and cardiovascular mortality risk: a multi-cohort analysis in individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jokela Markus , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Elovainio Marko , Batty G. David , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the associations between personality traits of the Five Factor Model and cardiovascular mortality, with a specific focus on whether pre-existing cardiovascular conditions modified these associations. We used data from 43,027 participants across five cohort studies: Health and Retirement Study (HRS); Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS); National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP); Midlife in the United States (MIDUS); Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) with a mean age 55.9 years and 6493 individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. We conducted meta-analyses examining conscientiousness, emotional stability, agreeableness, openness to experience, and extraversion in relation to mortality due to coronary heart disease and stroke. During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 1620 participants died from coronary heart disease and 454 from stroke. Lower conscientiousness was associated with higher mortality risk from both coronary heart disease (hazard ratio per 1SD = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.75–0.90) and stroke (HR = 0.84, CI = 0.72–0.99). Lower emotional stability predicted increased coronary heart disease mortality (HR = 0.91, CI = 0.85–0.97). The association between conscientiousness and cardiovascular mortality did not differ between individuals with or without baseline cardiovascular conditions. In addition, adjustments for health behaviors and other covariates only slightly attenuated this association. Other personality traits were not associated with cardiovascular disease mortality. Our findings highlight the role of low conscientiousness, and to a lesser extent low emotional stability, in the development and progression of fatal cardiovascular disease through pathways that may extend beyond established health behaviors.
A Denseness Property of Stochastic Processes
Authors: Passeggeri Riccardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we show the following general property of stochastic processes: Denseness of probability distributions extends to denseness of stochastic processes. In particular, for every

$$d\in \mathbb {N}$$

d
∈
N

, we consider any class of probability distributions which is dense in the space of probability distributions on

$$\mathbb {R}^{d}$$

R

d

with respect to convergence in distribution. Using these classes, we construct various explicit families of times series, continuous processes and càdlàg processes that are dense in their respective spaces with respect to convergence in distribution. This is particularly interesting because, for processes, finite-dimensional distributions convergence does not automatically imply convergence in distribution.
Feminism, Femininity, and Negative Embodiment: A Contemporary Meta-Analytic Test
Authors: Kvaka Adrienne , Murnen Sarah K. , Nolen Erin , Myers Taryn A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious work has examined the relations between feminism, feminine gender roles, and body image concerns with inconclusive findings. The purpose of this study was to conduct an updated meta-analysis of the relation between feminist identity and negative embodiment, and to conduct new analyses to test how endorsement of femininity relates to negative embodiment. Through the technique of meta-analysis, we analyzed 80 studies (87 samples, N = 24,308) and 217 effect sizes to examine these associations. The predictor variables were measures of feminist identity and endorsement of femininity. The negative embodiment criterion variables were measures of body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, internalization of cultural body ideals, and disordered eating attitudes. Feminist identity was found to be negatively associated with negative embodiment, but only modestly, with small but significant effect sizes across most variables. Endorsement of femininity was found to be positively associated with negative embodiment, with mostly significant effect sizes ranging from small to large. These findings underscore the importance of considering the roles of feminist identity and traditional gender ideology in the etiology and prevention of women’s experiences of negative embodiment.
Bounding Seed Loss from Isolated Habitat Patches
Authors: Hafner Benjamin , Meyer Katherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDispersal of propagules (seeds, spores) from a geographically isolated habitat into an uninhabitable matrix can play a decisive role in driving population dynamics. ODE and integrodifference models of these dynamics commonly feature a “dispersal success” parameter representing the average proportion of dispersing propagules that remain in viable habitat. While dispersal success can be estimated by empirical measurements or by integration of dispersal kernels, one may lack resources for fieldwork or details on dispersal kernels for numerical computation. Here we derive simple upper bounds on the proportion of propagule loss—the complement of dispersal success—that require only habitat area, habitat perimeter, and the mean dispersal distance of a propagule. Using vector calculus in a probabilistic framework, we rigorously prove bounds for the cases of both symmetric and asymmetric dispersal. We compare the bounds to simulations of integral models for the population of Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) at McKnight Prairie—a 14 hectare reserve surrounded by agricultural fields in Goodhue County, Minnesota—and identify conditions under which the bounds closely estimate propagule loss.
„Affektdelikte“ revisited: ein Abgesang auf die „tiefgreifende Bewusstseinsstörung“
Authors: Kröber Hans-Ludwig 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungHenning Saß hat mit seinen Arbeiten seit 1983 eine Ordnung in die Vielgestalt affektiv akzentuierter Delikte gebracht, die psychiatrische Diskussion über die Schuldfähigkeit bei solchen Taten wesentlich strukturiert und den Raum für jeweils individuelle („normative“), juristische Täter-Empathie eingeengt. Er hat zwei Merkmalslisten aufgestellt, deren erste Merkmale versammelt, die nach der Literatur für ein Affektdelikt und eine mögliche Beeinträchtigung der Schuldfähigkeit sprechen könnten. Er hat selbst innovativ eine zweite Liste von Merkmalen erstellt, die eher gegen das Vorliegen einer tiefgreifenden Bewusstseinsstörung sprechen. Er hat zugleich darauf insistiert, dass es auf die Gesamtwürdigung des Falles ankomme, unter Berücksichtigung der Tatvorgeschichte und der Persönlichkeiten von Täter und der geschädigten Frau.Es erscheint sinnvoll, darüber hinauszugehen und den Glauben aufzugeben, dass tatsächlich ein unvorhergesehener, kurz dauernder intensiver, unbezwingbarer Affekt das Ende einer konflikthaften Beziehungsgeschichte bildet – und dass es der „Affekt“ ist, der entscheidend für die Beurteilung von Tatschuld sein kann. Dies erschließt sich auch aus der veränderten kriminalistischen Situation: Die universelle Verbreitung des Smartphones hat ein Dokumentationsinstrument (Chat-Protokolle) für den Beziehungsverlauf zwischen Täter und Opfer geschaffen und in foro die Einrede eines plötzlich überwältigenden Affektgeschehens zur Rarität werden lassen. Damit aber geraten die Konstruktionsfehler der unterstellten „Bewusstseinsstörung“, die anders als die drei anderen Eingangsvoraussetzungen verminderter oder aufgehobener Schuldfähigkeit kein empirisches, psychiatrisches Fundament hat, in den Blick.
Management of Urinary Symptoms after Urethroplasty
Authors: Dwyer Kate , Johnsen Niels Vass 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review
The most definitive treatment for urethral stricture disease is urethroplasty, a procedure that has demonstrated great efficacy and durability in creating a patent urethral lumen. Criteria for success after urethroplasty have evolved over time, now with growing recognition of the importance of the patient experience.

Recent Findings
Despite good surgical outcomes, patient reported metrics demonstrate that some patients have persistent urinary symptoms that impact satisfaction rates. Achieving success in patient reported outcomes after urethroplasty may require repeat intervention or addressing alternative etiologies including benign prostatic hypertrophy, overactive bladder, and underactive bladder.

Summary
For patients who do not achieve symptom resolution after urethroplasty, evaluation should include addressing common complications, evaluating for recurrence, and consideration and treatment of additional causes of urinary bother.
Between Can’t and Won’t: The Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness, Stoic Ideology, and Alexithymia in Norway and New Zealand
Authors: Karl Johannes Alfons , Lassen Espen R. , Solem Stian , Fischer Ronald 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to provide cross-cultural insight into the relationship between mindfulness, alexithymia, and stoic ideology.

Method
Using samples from New Zealand (n = 330) and Norway (n = 326), we estimated the facet-level network relationship of our target constructs, as well as the invariance of the estimated networks across cultural contexts.

Results
Across cultural contexts, we found a consistent pattern of relationships in which both stoic ideology and alexithymia were negatively related to mindfulness. Negative relationships were especially pronounced between alexithymia and the mindfulness facets of Describing, Non-Judgement, and Acting with Awareness. This indicates that individual differences in these mindfulness facets might be more firmly rooted in difficulties identifying and describing emotions, compared to beliefs related to emotional suppression, as captured by stoic ideology. While the mindfulness facets showed overall expected patterns of relationships with both alexithymia and stoic ideology, Non-Reacting showed a divergent pattern. Non-Reacting was positively related to a tendency of Externally Oriented Thinking, as well as with Death-Acceptance, in both countries. Thus, this facet not only might capture Non-reactivity within the context of mindfulness, but also could potentially capture aspects of emotional avoidance.

Conclusions
Overall, the study highlights that mindfulness could be influenced by both individual differences in emotion processing and cognitive beliefs about emotion processing. This accentuates the importance of examining both individual differences in, and cognitive beliefs about emotion regulation in research regarding mindfulness.
Is the Position of Power More Relevant than Gender for Commercialization of Research? An Explorative Longitudinal Study over 21 Years
Authors: Jonsson Lars 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe existing gender gap regarding commercialization of research is a limiting factor for the knowledge economy. The aim of this study is to explore the long-time development of the proportion of women researcher’s involvement in the process of university spin-out (USO) foundations in a longitudinal study over 21 years at the Uppsala University in Sweden, using the perspective of the position of power. It was found that the proportion of women researchers among the USO-founders increased at the same pace as the increase in the proportion of women among full professors at the University and the gender gap was significantly reduced during the last 7 years studied. Furthermore, during the last 7 years studied, 2.7% of the women full professors at the University participated in USO creations compared to 2.6% of their male counterparts. These findings challenge the perception that women in general have a lower entrepreneurial propensity and strongly indicate that the position of power has a significant impact. Furthermore, the prosperity of women researchers to get involved in commercialization efforts in this Scandinavian study seems to be much higher than those previously reported from the Anglo-Saxen context which is discussed from the perspective of other influential factors. Since the study is limited to only one university recommendations for further studies to validate, the findings are given as well as policy recommendations.
Educators’ and Parents’ Perspectives About Belonging in Early Years Education in Europe
Authors: Johansson Eva , Walker Sue , Lunn Jo , Whiteford Chrystal , Karlsudd Peter , Puroila Anna-Maija , Piskur Barbara , Einarsdóttir Jóhanna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe overall goal of this project is to gain a broad picture of belonging and the politics of belonging in early education settings (In Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland the children attend school from 6 or 7 years. In the Netherlands children attend compulsory school at 4 years of age. Using the terms early education settings and (pre)schools with parenthesis we refer to educational institutions (preschool, day-care, compulsory school) involving children between 4 and 6 years) in five European countries: Finland, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. By ‘belonging’ we refer to children´s sense of feeling safe and ‘at home’. By ‘politics of belonging’ we refer to societal structures and processes of safeguarding communities and their borders among children (and educators) in their early education settings. Educators (n = 648) and parents (n = 1,598) were surveyed about their perspectives about, and pedagogies for, belonging. Results indicated that, in general, parents and educators felt positively about belonging in their (pre)schools. Even so the study shows that experiences of belonging cannot be taken for granted, and a number of parents and educators worry about children being excluded and alienated. The study also revealed a relation between the educational level of educators and the complexity of pedagogic methods educators used to support children´s belonging in early education settings.
Development and Validation of a Driving Simulator for Comfort Assessment
Authors: Colmenares Jon Ander Ruiz , Asua Estibaliz , Fuente Victor de la , Rojo Ander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe passenger’s comfort is of vital importance in today’s car, even more so in the future autonomous car. Its thorough analysis requires the use of objective measures, but the subjectivity of the passenger must also be considered. The relationship between both aspects is an uncommon research avenue, and could greatly benefit from the use of a vehicle simulator. This study use a simulator to replicate a journey with diverse characteristics that numerous passengers may experience (including engaging in different activities). The appropriate variables for a proper comfort analysis are determined in this study, resulting in a comprehensive database for the same purpose. Additionally, a passenger comfort based questionnaire is developed and applied to obtain the subjective assessment of different passengers. The results of these questionnaires help not only in the identification and study of the self perception of comfort by the passengers but also in the use of the simulator for comfort experiments. The detailed comparison between both the objective approach of signal analysis and the subjective approach of questionnaires that is performed thanks to the simulator creates a foundation for future research and narrows the existing research gap.