bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Medicare Utilization and Reimbursement of Tracheostomy From 2000 to 2022
Authors: Patel Rahul A. , Torabi Sina J. , Izreig Said , Manes R. Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the utilization and reimbursement for tracheostomy.Study DesignRetrospective Cross‐Sectional Study.SettingCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2013 and 2021) and Part B Medicare Fee‐For‐Service National Summary Data (2000‐2022).MethodsUtilization, payment, and specialty breakdown were analyzed for planned tracheostomy (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 31600, 31601, 31610) and emergency tracheostomy (CPT codes 31603, 31605).ResultsFrom 2000 to 2022, there was a 48.9% decrease (40,754‐20,812) in number of planned tracheostomies and a 75.3% decrease (3277‐811) in number of emergency tracheostomies, leading to an overall decrease of 51%. Similarly, there was a 59.3% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($13.4‐$5.5 million) in total reimbursement for planned tracheostomies and an 82.1% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($1.1 million‐$205 thousand) in total reimbursement for emergency tracheostomies. There was a 20.3% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($329‐$262) in reimbursement per planned tracheostomy and a 27.7% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($349‐$252) in reimbursement per emergency tracheostomy. In our sample of 280 high‐volume tracheostomy providers in 2021 (28.2% otolaryngology, 28.2% general surgery, 14.6% thoracic surgery, 14.3% pulmonary disease, 6.4% critical care), the average provider performed 15.8 tracheostomies and was reimbursed $5362.ConclusionDespite significant declines in tracheostomy utilization and reimbursement, understanding trends for these lifesaving procedures are critical for otolaryngologists and other providers in delivering high‐quality care, and can be used by surgeons, hospital systems, and policymakers to guide future health care legislation.
Factors Influencing Political Brand Coolness and Voting Intention
Authors: Banerjee Saikat 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEstablishing a voter connection requires political parties to prioritize providing the electorate with pleasurable experiences, treating them as consumers, and incorporating the “coolness factor” as a key ingredient. Consequently, the perceived coolness of a political brand is a characteristic that develops and evolves independently within society. The current empirical research aims to explore the various factors that contribute to the perceived coolness of political brands and its influence on voting intention. The study's participants are selected from India, a vibrant and diverse nation known as the world's largest democracy. In order to analyze the data, researchers employ the technique known as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the analysis highlight the considerable impact of political party brand meaning on its coolness, indicating a positive relationship between the two. The coolness of the political party brand is heavily influenced by the leader's image, which has a significant positive impact. It is further revealed that political party brand coolness has a significant positive association with voting intention and party brand engagement. Our investigation shows that political brand engagement serves as a mediator in the association between political brand coolness and voting intention, besides the direct influence of political brand coolness on voting intention. A comprehensive understanding of the study's findings enables political marketers to identify more effective strategies for cultivating political brand coolness and leveraging them to create memorable experiences that resonate with voters. Those factors ultimately affect how people vote.
Protected areas shape the distribution of tourism across rural Europe
Authors: Seguin Raphael , Delbar Vincent , Batista e Silva Filipe , Mouillot David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) have expanded rapidly in recent decades to help mitigate the ongoing biodiversity crisis but are under increasing human pressures that jeopardize their conservation effectiveness. Tourism in PAs may galvanize efforts towards biodiversity conservation, but it can also be a major source of threats, leading to multiple adverse social and ecological impacts.

Considering the recent Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which aims to protect at least 30% of terrestrial ecosystems by 2030, understanding and assessing how and which PAs shape the spatial distribution of tourism is of great importance to biodiversity management and policy.

In this study, we used a geospatial data set that describes the location and capacity of tourism accommodation in 81,185 local administrative units (LAUs) covering over 28 countries across rural Europe. After estimating the number of nights spent per LAU, we modelled the influence of PAs on the distribution of tourism throughout Europe while controlling for other social, economic and environmental covariates, but also for spatial autocorrelation.

We reveal a positive link between highly protected PAs and the number of nights spent by tourists in LAUs. The attractiveness of these PAs for tourists may pose a conservation paradox, that is, highly protected PAs, which aim to safeguard nature tend to attract a disproportionate number of tourists, which may lead to nature degradation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A controlled trial comparing the impact of guided forest bathing or a mindful urban walk on heart rate, blood pressure, and mood in young Thai adults
Authors: Simpattanawong Dararat , Li Qing , McEwan Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In Thailand, cardiovascular disease and mental health cause a large health and economic burden, with 10% of Thai adults and 32% of adolescents reporting depression. Forest bathing (FB) (mindful nature walking) is growing in popularity globally as a preventative health intervention. Most FB research compares FB with a non‐active control of unguided urban walking, finding improved health and well‐being in FB but not the urban condition. This controlled trial offers a unique and robust comparison of guided FB with an active control of guided mindful urban walking. This is also the first study testing the acceptability and effectiveness of guided FB in Thailand.

In a crossover design, heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, and mood in 30 participants were compared before and after 1 h of guided FB and a guided mindful urban walk.

MANOVA and t‐test analyses revealed that heart rate and blood pressure reduced in both conditions, but more in the mindful urban condition. Whilst negative mood was reduced in the FB condition but increased in the mindful urban condition.

The study offers evidence for the promising health and well‐being benefits of both guided FB and mindful urban walking. Poor mental health and health inequalities are of increasing global concern, hence further research into the effectiveness of alleviating these difficulties through inexpensive interventions such as guided FB and mindful walking are encouraged. The study also offers the first data indicating that FB was acceptable and effective in a Thai population.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Proposal of a Biobased and Biodegradable Polymer as a Hot Embossing Substrate for Holographic Security Marks Fabrication
Authors: Panaitescu Denis Mihaela , Oprică Gabriela Mădălina , Gabor Augusta Raluca , Nicolae Cristian Andi , Frone Adriana Nicoleta , Mihăilescu Mona 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe alarming increase in counterfeiting has determined a more intensive application of authentication solutions such as holographic security marks. Polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate currently used in the hot embossing process to produce security marks are discarded as non‐biodegradable waste after utilization. For the first time, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was studied here as a hot‐embossing substrate to imprint a micro‐relief containing diffractive gratings, as a stage in the fabrication of holographic security marks. Four PLA grades, which differ by crystallinity and mechanical properties, were used to define the suitability of PLA for hot embossing. The 3D topography of embossed micro‐relief in PLA plates was investigated by quantitative phase imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analyses showed that a high crystallinity and a low d‐lactide content of PLA render the hot‐embossing process more difficult and decrease the quality of the imprinted micro‐relief. The average height of the micro‐relief and the difference in height values, which were determined by AFM, allowed the ranking of the PLA grades according to the quality of the diffracted image. The possibility of recycling the embossed PLA substrate several times before composting was also demonstrated in this work. The variation of the mechanical properties, thermal stability, melting, and crystallization behaviors after each recycling cycle has shown that PLA can be reprocessed six times without significant damage to the properties. This study demonstrated that PLA can replace petroleum‐based polymers in the fabrication of holographic security marks and its suitability for a plethora of optoelectronics applications.
Failure analysis in advance cylindrical composite pressure vessel under pressure & temperature for hydrogen storage: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Samid , Kumar Ajay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLow‐thickness/diameter cylindrical storage pressure vessels with composite overwrapping fail at diverse internal and external pressure circumstances, causing several faults that must be included and minimized to retain effectiveness and working capability. The bursting effect is caused by hoop (internal) stresses and can be reduced by composite lamination alignment and internal pressure resistance. Pressure vessel bursting faults vary with internal tensions and can induce fiber reinforced polymer fracture and composite cylinder failure under many failure criteria. Micro‐mechanical nondestructive testing uses independent failure criteria associated to modes like Tsai‐Wu, Tsai‐Hill, Azzi‐Tsai, Hoffman, and Chamis. Micro‐cracking of composite layers generates delamination in composite pressure vessels, causing porosity. Pressure vessel micro‐cracking was assessed using classical laminate theory. Composite material strain‐rate failures in mobile applications like hydrogen storage cars with composite pressure vessels are examined due to their widespread use. Finally, Polar, Helical, and Hoop winding sequences are consistently focused to optimize the design and analyze the parameters for the overall impact of different failure aspects as bursting behavior in cylindrical composite pressure vessels. Type‐IV composite pressure vessels have the best results due to their lightest weight but complexity of winding over the polar head geodesic and non‐geodesic curvatures overwrapped carbon include all these internal composite and liner geometry faults and optimize them to reduce failure issues to fix composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV's) design. Liner‐less composite pressure vessels (Type‐V) need more design and production study for high‐pressure and temperature applications.Highlights
Failure deals with the internal and external pressures exerted on composite pressure vessels.
Failures like bursting of the pressure vessel, due to like micro‐cracking, delamination's and strain‐rate failures of composites.
Failures detection through NDT inspection for polymer composite materials for composite pressure vessels.
(COPV) perfect lamina sequence, liner materials and fiber winding angles must be considered for designing state of the art liner‐less Type‐V pressure vessels.
Independent Failure criteria like (Tsai‐Wu & Hashin).
Targeting heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycans by non‐anticoagulant heparins: Opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches in sarcomas
Authors: Lanzi Cinzia , Pasquali Sandro , Cassinelli Giuliana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSarcomas are a heterogeneous group of aggressive mesenchymal malignancies. They account for 1% of all tumors in the general population and 15–20% in pediatric age and young adults. Despite differences in histology and pathobiology, the diverse types of sarcomas are traditionally managed with a common multi‐modal approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and aggressive polychemotherapy. Unfortunately, the prognosis for advanced or recurrent disease remains poor. Moreover, the disease rarity and a high cellular, molecular, and genetic/epigenetic heterogeneity make identification of therapeutic targets challenging. Therefore it remains an urgent need to identify effective therapies to improve patients' outcome. Common or peculiar biological motifs including deregulation of growth factor signaling, proangiogenic and promigratory pathways, tumor‐microenviroment interactions, transcriptional and epigenetic machinery, and differentiation program, provide actionable dependencies exploitable for therapeutic intervention. Among these, a deregulated heparan sulfate proteoglycan system due to aberrant expression of key components as well as structural/functional modifications mediated by endosulfatases and the endoβ‐d‐glycosidase heparanase, is emerging as a crucial player in tumor growth and progression and as a valuable therapeutic target across different sarcoma subtypes. In preclinical studies, non‐anticoagulant heparins have been shown to counteract the growth and metastatic dissemination of various sarcoma models according to their heparan sulfate mimetic and anti‐heparanase activities. Heparin derivatives also improved the anti‐sarcoma efficacy of molecularly targeted agents and cytotoxic drugs. In this minireview, we summarize the current knowledge about the interplay between the heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan system and pathways involved in sarcomagenesis and disease progression. We illustrate the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of non‐anticoagulant heparins and the contribution of their anti‐heparanase, anti‐receptor tyrosine kinase, and likely immunomodulatory activities to their anti‐sarcoma effects. Finally, we discuss a few aspects worthy of exploration highlighting how elucidation of mechanisms underpinning antitumor activities of non‐anticoagulant heparin derivatives in the different sarcoma biological contexts may suggest new vulnerabilities and therapeutic approaches.
Utility of Authentic 13C‐Labeled Disaccharide to Calibrate Hyaluronan Content Measurements by LC‐MS
Authors: Stancanelli Eduardo , Green Dixy E. , Arnold Katelyn , Zhang Jianxiang , Kong Deyu , DeAngelis Paul L. , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA), a key glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix, plays crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including development, tissue hydration, inflammation, and tumor progression. Traditional methods for HA quantification, such as ELISA‐like assays, often have limitations in sensitivity and specificity, particularly for lower molecular weight HA. In this work, we introduce a coupled liquid chromatographic‐tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method that employs a chemoenzymatically synthesized 13C‐labeled lyase‐derived authentic HA disaccharide calibrant for quantification of HA at the nanogram level. The method was validated against three HA polysaccharides with the sizes of ~33, 210, and 540 kDa. We applied this quantification technique to mouse tissues and plasma from both healthy and acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury mice. Our data revealed a ~75‐fold increase in HA concentration in the liver of acetaminophen‐injured mice with a concomitant depletion from plasma. Overall, our method offers a robust, universal, and highly sensitive tool for HA analysis in diverse biological samples that will advance the investigation of the roles of this polysaccharide in human disease conditions.
On the Photosensitizer Activity From Psoralen in Lipid and Aqueous Media: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Couttolenc Alan , Jerezano Alberto V. , Espinoza César , Medina Manuel E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe photosensitizer mechanism by the psoralen (PSO) reacts to produce reactive oxygen species has not been thoroughly studied; thus, this work was carried out a study of the reaction and mechanism involved in the photosensitizer activity of PSO, employing M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) of the density functional theory. There is a competition between the generation of radical anion superoxide (type I mechanism) and the singlet oxygen molecule (type II mechanism) in lipid media; therefore, the ROS anion superoxide and singlet oxygen could be formed as products of the reaction involved in the photosensitizer activity of PSO in lipid media. In aqueous media, the reaction involved in the photosensitizer activity of PSO was only attributed to the type I mechanism; hence, in aqueous media, the photosensitizer activity of PSO yielded the anion superoxide. The present study supports the photosensitizer activity of the PSO in lipid and aqueous media. It enhances the knowledge of these reactions in different media and their application to reactivity, including the physiology media.
Resistive Heating and Thermal Decomposition of an Additively Manufacturable Electrically Conductive Explosive
Authors: Chapman Wesley W. , Young Garon M. , Montoya Gabriel A. , Salyer Terry R. , Son Steven F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ability to transmit electrical signals through high explosive charges without using dense metal conductors could enable continuous monitoring of explosive charges with internally embedded sensors. With the sensor materials themselves being energetic, the impact on the intended detonation performance of the charge can be minimized. Embedded sensors enable real time, in‐situ measurements of conditions relevant to ageing assessments. Additionally, dynamic material property sensing can provide detonation performance data, enabling measurement of dynamic shock position. One proposed method to allow for electronic signal transfer through high explosives is to use electrically conductive explosive composites consisting of an electrically conductive polymer binder mixed with high explosive crystals. These conductive energetic pathways also serve as independently reactive elements and can provide additional functionality via dynamic sensor removal through resistive heating and subsequent decomposition. This work discusses the resistive heating of a previously developed, poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based, electrically conductive extrudable explosive composite. Experimental samples of the conductive explosive material were subjected to a range of direct current applications and the resulting heating and decomposition of the material is discussed.
Control efficacy of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize (event DBN9936) against Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: He Limei , Zhou Yatao , Wu Wenxian , Wang Ling , Yang Qichang , Liang Gemei , Wu Kongming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a major pest restricting maize production in Asia. The Chinese government has approved the commercial planting of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize (event DBN9936), but its control potential against the ACB in southern regions remains unclear. This study evaluated the sensitivity of ACB to Cry1Ab protein expressed in Bt‐Cry1Ab maize and determined the control efficacy of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize against the ACB in Sichuan Province, a major maize‐producing region in southern China, based on pilot planting in the field, and larval feeding bioassays in the field and laboratory.RESULTThe Cry1Ab protein contents in different tissues of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize ranged from 31.20–88.27 μg g−1. The range of median lethal concentrations (LC50) and median growth inhibitory concentration (GIC50) values of Cry1Ab protein expressed in Bt‐Cry1Ab maize against ACB larvae were 0.036–0.109 μg mL−1 and 0.002–0.018 μg mL−1, respectively. The first and fourth instar ACB larvae were unable survive feeding on different tissues of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize plants. Field experiments conducted from 2023 to 2024 indicated that the number of ACB larvae per 100 plants, plant damage rate, leaf damage rate, male ear damage rate, female ear damage rate, and stalk damage rate in the Bt‐Cry1Ab maize fields were reduced by 95.36% ± 2.17%, 83.98% ± 1.73%, 89.45% ± 1.50%, 100.00% ± 0.00%, 69.79% ± 4.88% and 100.00% ± 0.00%, respectively, compared to conventional maize fields.CONCLUSIONThe ACB population in Sichuan Province, China is sensitive to Cry1Ab expressed in Bt‐Cry1Ab maize (event DBN993). Planting Bt‐Cry1Ab maize efficiently reduces the population of ACB larvae and the percentage of damaged maize plants, and has great application potential in the integrated pest management of the ACB in Sichuan Province, China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection alters the reflectance profile in asymptomatic citrus plants
Authors: Vieira Julia GA , Santana Emile DR , Conceição Fagner G , Iost Filho Fernando Henrique , de Pazini Juliano B , Rodrigues Roberta , Yamamoto Pedro T 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuanglongbing (HLB) is the primary and most destructive disease affecting citrus, caused by a pathogen transmitted by an insect vector, Diaphorina citri. There are no curative methods for the disease, and rapid and accurate methods are needed for early detection in the field, even before symptoms appear. These will facilitate the faster removal of infected trees, preventing the spread of the bacteria through commercial citrus orchards.RESULTSIt was possible to determine ranges of hyperspectral bands that demonstrated significant differences in relative reflectance between treatments consisting of healthy and infected plants from the first days of evaluation, when plants infected with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) were still in the asymptomatic stage of the disease. From the Week 2 of evaluation [58 days after infection (DAI) of plants] until the last week, spectral differences were detected in the red edge region (660–750 nm). From the Week 6 onwards (86 DAI), spectral differences between healthy and symptomatic plants were observed in bands close to the visible region (520–680 nm).CONCLUSIONSpectral differences were detected in the leaves of C. sinensis infected by CLas before the appearance of symptoms, making it feasible to use the hyperspectral sensor to monitor the disease. Our results indicate the need for future studies to validate the use of hyperspectral sensors for managing and detecting HLB in commercial citrus orchards, contributing to the integrated management of the disease. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.