bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced near-surface ozone under heatwave conditions in a Mediterranean island
Authors: Pyrgou Andri , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Santamouris Mat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNear-surface ozone is enhanced under particular chemical reactions and physical processes. This study showed the seasonal variation of near-surface ozone in Nicosia, Cyprus and focused in summers when the highest ozone levels were noted using a seven year hourly dataset from 2007 to 2014. The originality of this study is that it examines how ozone levels changed under heatwave conditions (defined as 4 consecutive days with daily maximum temperature over 39 °C) with emphasis on specific air quality and meteorological parameters with respect to non-heatwave summer conditions. The influencing parameters had a medium-strong positive correlation of ozone with temperature, UVA and UVB at daytime which increased by about 35% under heatwave conditions. The analysis of the wind pattern showed a small decrease of wind speed during heatwaves leading to stagnant weather conditions, but also revealed a steady diurnal cycle of wind speed reaching a peak at noon, when the highest ozone levels were noted. The negative correlation of NOx budget with ozone was further increased under heatwave conditions leading to steeper lows of ozone in the morning. In summary, this research encourages further analysis into the persistent weather conditions prevalent during HWs stimulating ozone formation for higher temperatures.
Obesity/Type II Diabetes Promotes Function-limiting Changes in Murine Tendons that are not reversed by Restoring Normal Metabolic Function
Authors: Studentsova Valentina , Mora Keshia M. , Glasner Melissa F. , Buckley Mark R. , Loiselle Alayna E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractType II Diabetes (T2DM) negatively alters baseline tendon function, including decreased range of motion and mechanical properties; however, the biological mechanisms that promote diabetic tendinopathy are unknown. To facilitate identification of therapeutic targets we developed a novel murine model of diabetic tendinopathy. Mice fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) developed diet induced obesity and T2DM and demonstrated progressive impairments in tendon gliding function and mechanical properties, relative to mice fed a Low Fat Diet (LFD). We then determined if restoration of normal metabolic function, by switching mice from HFD to LFD, was sufficient to halt the pathological changes in tendon due to obesity/T2DM. However, switching from a HFD to LFD resulted in greater impairments in tendon gliding function than mice maintained on a HFD. Mechanistically, IRβ signaling is decreased in obese/T2DM murine tendons, suggesting altered IRβ signaling as a driver of diabetic tendinopathy. However, knock-down of IRβ expression in S100a4-lineage cells (IRcKOS100a4) was not sufficient to induce diabetic tendinopathy as no impairments in tendon gliding function or mechanical properties were observed in IRcKOS100a4, relative to WT. Collectively, these data define a murine model of diabetic tendinopathy, and demonstrate that restoring normal metabolism does not slow the progression of diabetic tendinopathy.
Chirurgie bei Läsionen des Nervus facialis
Authors: Thielker Jovanna , Bendella Habib , Gaudin Robert A. , Grosheva Maria , Volk Fabian Gerd , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungUrsachen für eine Läsion mit nachfolgender Lähmung des N. facialis sind vielfältig, von der idiopathischen Fazialisparese bis hin zur Destruktion des Nervs durch
einen malignen Tumor. Eine Indikation zur chirurgischen Intervention besteht immer dann, wenn die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer spontanen Heilung mit gutem
funktionellen Ergebnis gering oder gar nicht vorhanden ist, und eine medikamentöse Behandlung nicht möglich oder auch der chirurgischen Therapie unterlegen
ist.
Phytotherapie im Schafspelz
Authors: Stern Cornelia 
Published: June 2018

SummaryManche Heilpflanzen sind nicht als Phyto-Präparat verkehrsfähig, weil sie keine Monographie erhalten haben. Gründe hierfür sind etwa Toxizität oder das Fehlen von Studien. Pflanzliche Urtinkturen und Tiefpotenzen enthalten stoffliche Bestandteile der Ausgangspflanze. Deshalb kann man sie nicht nur homöopathisch, sondern auch phytotherapeutisch verordnen. Manche unverdünnt toxischen Heilpflanzen wie das Adonisröschen sind in Tiefpotenzen erhältlich, die gesundheitlich unbedenklich, aber noch phytotherapeutisch wirksam sind.
Rekrutierungsstrategien für Migrantinnen in einer Geburtskohorte am Beispiel der BaBi-Studie
Authors: Grosser Angelique Martha , Höller-Holtrichter Chantal , Doyle Ina-Merle , Schmitz Jutta , Hoffmann Renata , Ergin-Akkoyun Emine , Mauro Antonia , Breckenkamp Jürgen , Razum Oliver , Spallek Jacob 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Rekrutierung von Studienteilnehmern aller relevanten Bevölkerungsgruppen stellt eine der Herausforderungen in der (sozial-)epidemiologischen Forschung dar. Es existiert eine Vielzahl von Strategien, die der Rekrutierung von ethnischen Minderheiten und bestimmter Migrantengruppen dienen können. Unklar ist bisher, ob diese Strategien auch bei der Etablierung einer Geburtskohorte geeignet sind. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Darstellung und Evaluation von Rekrutierungsstrategien für Migrantinnen in einer Geburtskohorte am Beispiel der BaBi-Studie.
Methoden Die Rekrutierung erfolgte von Oktober 2013 bis Oktober 2016. Als Vorbereitung wurden Fokusgruppen mit Schwangeren und Müttern und leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit Hebammen und GynäkologInnen durchgeführt, um Studienmaterialien, Befragungsinstrumente und Sprachpräferenzen zu prüfen. In der Vorstudie wurden unterschiedliche Rekrutierungswege getestet. Im Rekrutierungsverlauf fand eine kontinuierliche Evaluation statt, um erfolgreiche Rekrutierungsstrategien für Teilnehmerinnen mit Migrationshintergrund zu ermitteln und anzupassen.
Ergebnisse Von den eingeschlossenen 980 Teilnehmerinnen hatten 390 einen Migrationshintergrund (40%). Es wurden aktive und passive Rekrutierungsstrategien verfolgt, in denen u. a. türkische Übersetzungen und multikulturelles Personal zum Einsatz kamen. Für die passive Rekrutierung über gynäkologische Praxen und Hebammen mussten die schwangeren Frauen und Wöchnerinnen eine hohe Motivation für die Rekrutierung mitbringen. Die aktive Rekrutierung in den Geburtskliniken (Ansprache durch Study-Nurses) erhöhte den Anteil an Teilnehmerinnen mit Migrationshintergrund von 22 auf 49% aller Teilnehmerinnen. Durch frühzeitige Überprüfungen und Anpassungen der Zugangswege konnte die Teilnahmebereitschaft erhöht werden.
Schlussfolgerung Für die Rekrutierung von Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund sind gründliche Vorbereitungen in Form von Befragungen (Fokusgruppen, Leitfadeninterviews) und einer Vorstudie sinnvoll. Von Beginn an sind Verfahren zur frühzeitigen Evaluation der unterschiedlichen Rekrutierungsstrategien und ein erhöhter Personalaufwand (z. B. für (Rück-/ Übersetzungen) einzuplanen). Der Einschluss von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in sozialepidemiologischen Studien sollte in Deutschland zur Normalität werden.
S2k-Leitlinie Neuroendokrine Tumore
Authors:   Authors,   Collaborators:,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS),   Netzwerk Neuroendokrine Tumoren (NeT) e.V. (Patientenvertretung),   Bundesorganisation Selbsthilfe NeuroEndokrine Tumoren e.V. (NET-sgh) (Patientenvertretung),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Medizinische Onkologie e.V. (DGHO), und Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO) der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft e.V,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie e.V. (DGAV),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (DGCH),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endoskopie und Bildgebende Verfahren (DGEBV),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin e.V. (DGNM),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie (DGE),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin e.V. (DGP),   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft e.V. (DRG),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie e.V./Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen (DGP/BDP),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für interventionelle Radiologie (DGiR)
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDiese erstmals erstellte Leitlinie soll als praktische Hilfe für die Diagnostik und Therapie neuroendokriner Tumore dienen. Sie soll den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft darstellen, das Erkennen der Erkrankung fördern und die Behandlung der Patienten verbessern. Die Leitlinie wurde unter Federführung der DGVS und mit Beteiligung benachbarter Fachgebiete erstellt.
Altered microRNA expression during Impaired Glucose Tolerance and High-fat Diet Feeding
Authors: Pheiffer Carmen , Dias Stephanie , Willmer Tarryn , Pace Ryan , Aagaard Kjersti , Louw Johan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in metabolic regulation. Recently, we identified novel miRNAs in the whole blood of South African women of mixed ethnic ancestry. The aim of this study was to investigate whether five of these novel miRNAs are expressed in serum and whether their expression is altered during metabolic dysregulation.
Methods Expression levels of the five novel miRNAs (MYN08, MYNO22, MYN059, MYNO66 and MYNO95) were measured in the serum of women with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Normoglycemia (NGT) (n=24), and in the whole blood of vervet monkeys fed a high-fat or standard diet (n=16) using quantitative real-time PCR.
Results Only three of the selected novel miRNAs (MYNO8, MYNO22 and MYNO66) were expressed in serum. The expression of MYN08 and MYNO22 were associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, decreased during IGT and able to predict IGT. The expression of these miRNAs were similarly decreased in vervet monkeys fed a high-fat diet. In silico analysis identified a total of 291 putative messenger RNA targets for MYNO8 and MYNO22, including genes involved in gluconeogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, glucose homeostasis and lipid transport.
Conclusion Two novel miRNAs, MYNO8 and MYNO22, are associated with metabolic dysregulation in South African women of mixed ethnic ancestry and with high-fat diet feeding in vervet monkeys. Furthermore, putative gene targets were enriched in biological processes involved in key aspects of glucose regulation, which strengthens the candidacy of these miRNAs as biomarkers for dysglycemia, and warranting further studies to assess their clinical applicability.
Ein Leck im Darm entdecken
Authors: Rüffer Andreas 
Published: June 2018

SummaryOft stecken hinter chronischen Erkrankungen Entzündungen. Viele davon laufen im Verborgenen ab, auch im Darm. Dabei reicht dort die Bandbreite von latenten Entzündungen, sogenannten „silent inflammations“, bis hin zu schweren chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen wie Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa. Um solche Prozesse rechtzeitig erkennen zu können, hat sich die Untersuchung verschiedener Schleimhautmarker im Stuhl bewährt.
Case Report: Persistent Acromegaly – Effective Therapy with Lanreotide and Weekly Pegvisomant Injections
Authors: Schürmeyer Thomas , Galling Britta 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective Therapeutic options for persistent acromegaly after surgery include another surgical approach, radiotherapy, medical therapy or a combination of these procedures. We describe a patient with persistent acromegaly despite heavy pre-treatment who was in need of a simplified mode of effective therapy.
Methods In a 45-year old patient after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery followed by linear accelerator irradiation of the residual tumor two years later acromegaly could not be controlled by a tolerable dosage of intramuscular octreotide LAR. For professional reasons the patient requested a simplified mode of treatment.
Results In order to improve efficacy and treatment convenience, we combined subcutaneous injections of lanreotide up to 120 mg monthly performed by the patient’s spouse and of pegvisomant 80 mg weekly conducted by the patient himself. This therapy was well tolerated and satisfactory endocrine control was achieved. Magnetic resonance imaging did not show any remaining tumor within a year. 5 years following surgery and 3 years following irradiation pegvisomant could be stopped and levels of insulin growth factor 1 and growth hormone remained in the normal range. The interval of lanreotide given subcutaneously by the patient’s spouse could be extended stepwise and somatostatin analog treatment was terminated after 7.5 years when the patient was cured.
Conclusions Excessive growth hormone secretion persisting after pituitary surgery and irradiation can be controlled in a convenient way for the patient with acromegaly by combining monthly lanreotide and weekly pegvisomant injections, if monotherapy with a somatostatin analog fails.
Overcoming Heparin-Associated RT-qPCR Inhibition and Normalization Issues for microRNA Quantification in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Coelho-Lima Jose , Mohammed Ashfaq , Cormack Suzanne , Jones Samuel , Das Rajiv , Egred Mohaned , Panahi Pedram , Ali Simi , Spyridopoulos Ioakim 
Published: June 2018

Background Cardiac-enriched micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are released into the circulation following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Lack of standardized approaches for reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data normalization and presence of RT-qPCR inhibitors (e.g. heparin) in patient blood samples have prevented reproducible miRNA quantification in this cohort and subsequent translation of these biomarkers to clinical practice.
Materials and Methods Using a RT-qPCR miRNA screening platform, we identified and validated an endogenous circulating miRNA as a normalization control. In addition, we assessed the effects of in vivo and in vitro anticoagulant drugs administration (heparin and bivalirudin) on three RT-qPCR normalization strategies (global miRNA mean, exogenous spike-in control [cel-miR-39] and endogenous miRNA control). Finally, we evaluated the effect of heparin and its in vitro inhibition with heparinase on the quantification of cardiac-enriched miRNAs in STEMI patients.
Results miR-425–5p was validated as an endogenous miRNA control. Heparin administration in vitro and in vivo inhibited all RT-qPCR normalization strategies. In contrast, bivalirudin had no effects on cel-miR-39 or miR-425–5p quantification. In vitro RNA sample treatment with 0.3 U of heparinase overcame heparin-induced over-estimation of cardiac-enriched miRNA levels and improved their correlation with high-sensitivity troponin T.
Conclusion miRNA quantification in STEMI patients receiving heparin is jeopardized by its effect on all RT-qPCR normalization approaches. Use of samples from bivalirudin-treated patients or in vitro treatment of heparin-contaminated samples with heparinase are suitable alternatives for miRNA quantification in this cohort. Finally, we reinforce the evidence that cardiac-enriched miRNAs early after myocardial reperfusion reflect the severity of cardiac injury.
Transient Neurologic Deficit without Vascular Pathology Correlates with Reversible Focal Hypoperfusion on Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Diller Emily E. , Parker Jason G. , Ey Elizabeth H. , Lober Robert M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present the case of a 16-year-old boy with altered mental status and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating left hemispheric hypoperfusion without evidence of stroke, based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging. Vessel imaging on magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography, in addition to an echocardiogram, showed no evidence of an embolic source. Electroencephalography showed left posterior temporal slowing. Within 8 hours, he was awake and alert but with receptive aphasia, and within 24 hours his symptoms completely resolved. Repeat ASL perfusion imaging demonstrated complete resolution of the perfusion abnormality, and diffusion imaging revealed no areas of infarct. This report demonstrates the correlation between a transient neurologic deficit and reversible focal hypoperfusion measured by ASL cerebral perfusion.
Spasmodische Dysphonie: Langzeitergebnisse mit Thyroplastik Typ 2
Authors: Schützenberger Anne , Hammer Georg Philipp 
Published: June 2018

Sanuki T et al. Long-term Evaluation of Type 2 Thyroplasty with Titanium Bridges for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157: 80–84
Japanische Ärzte für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde sowie Kopf- und Halschirurgie berichteten über stimmliche Langzeitergebnisse nach Durchführung einer
Thyroplastik Typ 2 zur Behandlung der spasmodischen Dysphonie vom Adduktor Typ.
99mTc-MIBI-SPECT: Eine nicht invasive, sensitive Lokalisationsdiagnostik bei Verdacht auf Nebenschilddrüsenadenom
Authors: Schneider Christina , Chiapponi Constanza , Ortmann Monika , Faust Michael , Dietlein Markus , Drzezga Alexander , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Aufgabe des Nuklearmediziners nach Diagnosestellung eines meist primären Hyperparathyreoidismus besteht in der erfolgreichen Lokalisation eines oder mehrerer Nebenschilddrüsenadenome. Die präoperative Lokalisation erlaubt die gezielte, heutzutage oft minimalinvasive Resektion. Hierzu ist 99 mTc-MIBI-SPECT eine klinisch fest etablierte Methode mit hoher Sensitivität. Wichtig ist die Kenntnis über Einflussfaktoren, die zu falsch-positiven oder falsch-negativen Ergebnissen führen. Eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose für eine pathologische Anreicherung ist ein MIBI-positiver Schilddrüsenknoten. Häufigere Ursachen für negative Befunde sind kleinere hyperplastische Nebenschilddrüsen oder ein Vitamin-D-Mangel. In manchen Zentren ist als weiterführende Lokalisationsmethode C-11-MET PET/CT verfügbar. Ob sich neben der chirurgischen Therapie in Zukunft perkutan-ablative Verfahren etablieren können, was eine gezielte prätherapeutische Lokalisation voraussetzt, kann zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht definitiv beantwortet werden.
Perspectives on human regeneration
Authors: Stark James F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRegeneration is a concept that has fascinated humans for centuries. Whether we have been trying to bring things back to life, extract additional resources from the world, or remodel our living spaces—domestic and urban—it is often presented as an unproblematic force for good. But what exactly does it mean to regenerate a body, mind or space? This paper, which introduces a collection of contributions on the theme of human regeneration, explores the limits and possibilities of regeneration as a conceptual tool for understanding the biological realm. What does it mean to be regenerated? How can a scholarly focus on this concept enrich our histories of bodies, ageing, disability and science, technology and medicine? As a secondary goal, I identify two distinct aspects of regeneration—'hard' and 'soft' regeneration—which concern the medical and social elements of regeneration respectively. By recognising that everything from cosmetics and fictions to prosthetics and organs grownin vitrodisplay a combination of 'hard' and 'soft' elements, we are better placed to understand that the biological and social must be considered in consort for us to fully appreciate the meanings and practices that underpin multiple forms of human regeneration.
Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Priolo Carmen , Khabibullin Damir , Reznik Ed , Filippakis Harilaos , Ogórek Barbara , Kavanagh Taylor R. , Nijmeh Julie , Herbert Zachary T. , Asara John M. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Wu Chin-Lee , Henske Elizabeth P. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The mechanisms of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) pathogenesis remain a key knowledge gap. Through metabolomics, this study uncovered a fundamental metabolic mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of ChRCC, with key therapeutic implications for this rare tumor type, for which there are currently no specific targeted therapies. Further understanding of the impact of glutathione salvage pathway on mitochondrial function, tumor progression, and targeted therapy can provide insight into other cancers characterized by aberrant glutathione salvage pathway.
High-speed microjets issue from bursting oil gland reservoirs of citrus fruit
Authors: Smith Nicholas M. , Ebrahimi Hossein , Ghosh Ranajay , Dickerson Andrew K. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Here we show a unique, natural method for microscale jetting of fluid made possible by the tuning of material properties from which the jets emanate. The composite, layered construction of the citrus exocarp allows for the buildup of fluid pressure in citrus oil gland reservoirs and their subsequent explosive rupture. Citrus jetting has not been documented in literature, and its purpose is unknown. This method for microscale fluid dispersal requires no auxiliary equipment and may open avenues for new methods of medicine and chemical delivery. We show how jet kinematics are related to substrate properties and reservoir shape.
Lipid binding attenuates channel closure of the outer membrane protein OmpF
Authors: Liko Idlir , Degiacomi Matteo T. , Lee Sejeong , Newport Thomas D. , Gault Joseph , Reading Eamonn , Hopper Jonathan T. S. , Housden Nicholas G. , White Paul , Colledge Matthew , Sula Altin , Wallace B. A. , Kleanthous Colin , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Bayley Hagan , Benesch Justin L. P. , Allison Timothy M. , Robinson Carol V. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Outer-membrane porins are often considered as passive conduits of small molecules across lipid bilayers. Using native mass spectrometry experiments we identify a pH-sensitive lipid-binding mechanism of outer membrane porin F, which enables increased threading of a colicin-derived peptide through open channels. Supported by molecular dynamics simulations and channel recording experiments, we posit that this mechanism attenuates channel opening in response to changes in environmental conditions, specifically pH. These findings have important consequences for mass spectrometry experiments, wherein the role of charge is often overlooked, and they also could help provide understanding of antibiotics that gain access to Gram-negative bacteria through porin-mediated pathways.
Neural network retuning and neural predictors of learning success associated with cello training
Authors: Wollman Indiana , Penhune Virginia , Segado Melanie , Carpentier Thibaut , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
In sophisticated auditory–motor learning such as musical instrument learning, little is understood about how brain plasticity develops over time and how the related individual variability is reflected in the neural architecture. In a longitudinal fMRI training study on cello learning, we reveal the integrative function of the dorsal cortical stream in auditory–motor information processing, which comes online quickly during learning. Additionally, our data show that better performers optimize the recruitment of regions involved in auditory encoding and motor control and reveal the critical role of the pre-supplementary motor area and its interaction with auditory areas as predictors of musical proficiency. The present study provides unprecedented understanding of the neural substrates of individual learning variability and therefore has implications for pedagogy and rehabilitation.