bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A poststernotomiás sebfertőzések kezelési sikertelenségének prediktív faktorai
Authors: Rashed Aref , Gombocz Károly , Frenyó Magdolna , Alotti Nasri , Verzár Zsófia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract: Introduction and aim: Post-sternotomy wound infection is still a major concern and it affects morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. Reconstruction failure may further increase these risks with significant financial implications. Method: Here, we attempted to verify some factors that may significantly influence the success of the surgical treatment. We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of data from 3177 consecutive patients who underwent midline sternotomy. The diagnostic signs of post-sternotomy wound infections were observed in 60 patients (1.9%). These data were thoroughly analyzed. Results: Beside late diagnosis, the positive microbiological culture of the wounds, radical surgical intervention and peripheral vascular disease were found to significantly contribute to the development of surgical reconstruction failure. Radical surgical reconstruction was associated with a higher success rate (81.8 vs. 11.1%), p<0.001. Conclusion: Identification of the predictive factors that may lead to treatment failure can assist in developing treatment algorithms and improving the success rates of surgical reconstructions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(14): 566–570.
Health Care System in Sudan: Review and Analysis of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT Analysis)
Authors: Ebrahim Ebrahim Mohammed Abdullah , Ghebrehiwot Luam , Abdalgfar Tasneem , Juni Muhammad Hanafiah 
Published: April 2018

Background: The Republic of the Sudan located in north-east of Africa and is considered to be a lower-middle income country. The country has well established healthcare system with many drawbacks mainly due to economic and managerial reasons followed by prolonged political instability and sanctions.Objective: The aim of this study is to give an insight over the health services system in Sudan and to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT).Materials and Methods: The search was done from two electronic databases: MEDLINE/Pubmed and from public search engines: Google Scholar and Google with key Search words used mainly as “Healthcare system in Sudan “. Additionally, SWOT analysis of healthcare system in Sudan was carried out based on the Roemer’s model of health service system. Results: The Sudanese healthcare system was analyzed for different components of the system: The system in Sudan has full package of strategic plans and policies be it in a long term or short. Despite this there is poor implementation and organization along with frail health information system. The main external factors that drawback the system is the overall economic instability which resulted in cutting of the health expenditure.Conclusion: The Sudan is a rich country in terms of natural resources and population. Its health service system has strengths and weaknesses. It needs to build on its qualified human work force, stress on its well-designed short and long-term strategies on health care system and the partnership with external funding institutions, while overcoming the challenges on creating the proper health information system, economic support system and centralization of health service and professionals. Keywords: Health Care System, Sudan, SWOT analysis
The Level of Ischemic Modified Albumin (IMA) as Risk Marker for Cardio Vascular D isease (CVD)	among some diabetic patients (type II) in Khartoum state	-Sudan
Authors: I Sadik , Z Yagoub , N Sayed , A El Nour , M Abide El Hameed , Abid Satee B 
Published: April 2018

Background. Recent literature reports show large interest in ischemic modified albumin (IMA) biochemical marker for detection of myocardial injury. Special attention is focused in estimation of IMA test for the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial ischemia as well as others acute coronary syndrome in emergency patients.Objective : evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in well controlled and uncontrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and estimation of its connection with cardiovascular disease.Measurement thelevelof IMA asrisk marker forcardio vascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients that arrivedtoemergency department with signs and symptoms of CVD.Methodology. 140 subjects enrolled in thisstudy ,70 diabetes mellitus patients with signs and symptoms of CVD, and other 70 apparently non diabetic healthy subjects' as controls, , the levels of biomarker IMA was measured as the risk marker ofCVDin controlled and uncontrolleddiabeticpatients with type2,the Diagnostic potential was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and their relationships were analyzed. This study was donein Shab Hospital, Khartoum.Period from 1st of February 2015 to October 2015.Results: The results showed that CVD were predominant among diabetic female 57 % and peaked at age 75.5 years among 40-75 year old. The IMA was significantly increase in diabetic patients when compare with normal healthy group with cut off value ( 0.97 IU/L ), and there is also significantly increase in IMA level in uncontrolled diabetic patients (Mean ± SD; 14.70 + 10.66) that presented with acute chest pain and havea signs and symptoms of cardiac ischemia when compared with the well-controlled diabetic patients(Mean ± SD; 3.74 + 3.68). controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients were determined by the level of their HBA1c and comparison with the means of IMA level in their serum.Conclusions: increase IMA level in poor control and long stand diabetic patients could help to identify the higher risk for develop to CVD, and The most common complication such as suffering from local or systemic hypoxic conditions, as acute ischemic stroke, peripheral vascular disease.Keywords: Ischemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, Ischemic Modified Albumin
Factors Influencing Adolescents Stigmatising Attitudes and Perception of Community Reaction towards Mental Illness in Nigeria.
Authors: OGUNDELE Olorunfemi Akinbode , OGUNDELE Tolulope , Taha Sami Mahjoub 
Published: April 2018

Background: Stigma is one of the major distresses that are experienced by people with mental illness. Stigmatisation results in a reduction in quality of life of those affected.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the stigmatising attitudes of adolescents towards individuals withmental illness, their perception of community reaction and factors influencing it in Nigeria.Method: In school Adolescents (N = 402) participated in the research. They completed self-administered questionnaires regarding socio-demographic details and questions based on a vignette of a young person witha mental disorder using the Standardized Stigmatisation Questionnaire (SSQ1). The study was cross-sectional in nature and employed a multistage sampling technique.Result: The mean age was 14.44years (SD=1.84).There were 265(65.9%) males and 137(34.1%) females. Approximately seventy percent of the adolescents would not be happy to sit next to a man with mental illness in a bus, 58.2% would not want him to teach their children, and an even higher percentage (72.9%) believe that most people in the community would do same. Seventy percent are aware that he did not develop his problems to avoid difficult situations of life and 78.2% also know that it’s not a punishment for bad deeds. Independent predictors of stigma related attitude include age p<0.002, gender p<0.010 and community perception p<0.001.Conclusion: Stigmatisation of mental illness is highly prevalentamong adolescents. Given that a significant percentage of the participants were well informed, formation of stigmatising attitude towards mental illness might be deeper than lack of knowledge. There may be a need to work on societal structure despite traditional education interventions and also encourage their contactwith mentally ill persons.Key words: Stigmatisation Adolescents, community, Mental Illness, Perception, Societal structure
Exemplar Rehabilitation Educators’ Defining Moments and Career Reflections
Authors: Graf Noreen M. , Marini Irmo , Reed Bruce , Sharma Manisha 
Published: April 2018

Objective: To discover senior and retired exemplary rehabilitation educators’ defining career moments and to provide doctoral students and early career rehabilitation educators with insights from widely recognized and successful rehabilitation educators in the field.Method: Twenty-seven xemplary rehabilitation educators answered qualitative questions related to their career choices and accomplishments. Additionally, satisfaction with career and the perception of contributions to the field were quantitatively assessed using Likert-type questions.Findings: Five themes emerged from the qualitative data which described exemplary educators’ defining career moments. Four additional themes emerged which revealed changes educators would make if they could start their careers over. Quantitative results indicated overall moderate to high satisfaction with career and contributions.Conclusions: The experiences, advice,and wisdom of exemplary educators can provideearly guidance and insights about career decisions and life lessons for doctoral students and academics.
STUDY OF THE LANDFORMS OF THE IBICUÍ RIVER BASIN WITH USE OF TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION INDEX
Authors: Trentin Romario , Robaina Luís Eduardo de Souza 
Published: April 2018

The Topographic Position Index (TPI) is an algorithm which calculates the difference of the elevation between a central pixel ( and the mean of the elevation of its surroundings () surroundings defined by of a radius determined by the user. The study was developed in the Ibicuí Basin, located in the west of Rio Grande do Sul, with a surface area of 46,602.58 km², with a perimeter of 1,268.76 km and an 8th order hierarchy. The TPI analysis associated with inclination determined 08 landforms elements in the BHRI: flat area elements, top elements identified as flat and wavy, springs, slopes and the footslopes and channel elements that can be closed or opened.
<em>Vitis vinifera</em> canes, a source of stilbenoids against downy mildew
Authors: Richard Tristan , Abdelli-Belhad Assia , Vitrac Xavier , Waffo-Téguo Pierre , Mérillon Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2018

Aim: To investigate the antifungal efficacy of grape cane extracts enriched in stilbenes against Plasmopara viticola by in vivo experiments on grape plants.Methods and results: Experiments on grape plants were carried out from 2007 to 2008 at commercial vineyards in « Le Tourne » (southwest region of France) on Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot plants and in a greenhouse, where 45-day-old plants (Merlot) were used. Grapevine plants were treated with stilbene extract (STE) or « Bordeaux mixture » (BM) as positive control. STE, prepared from Vitis vinifera canes, contained 33% of total stilbenes ranging from monomers to tetramers and was used at 5 g L-1. The degree of protection against downy mildew was determined as the percentage of infected leaf surface area and pathogen attack frequency. On young plants in greenhouse, P. viticola inoculation and three treatments with STE were carried out. After the treatments, the disease reduction was from 59 to 69% for pathogen attack frequency and from 83 to 88% for infected leaf surface for the two modes of infestation (artificial and secondary). STE triggered a similar intense decrease in downy mildew infection as recorded for BM. In the vineyard assay, downy mildew infection was allowed to occur naturally. Field grown plants were treated every 7th day for eight weeks or every 14th day for eight weeks during June and July. We observed that STE was also able to prevent P. viticola infection in vineyard but to a lesser extent. Treatment with STE every 7th day provided better results in terms of infection frequency and infected leaf area than that every 14th day. STE treatment of plants every 7th day in vineyard reduced the frequency of attack by 16 to 39% and leaf surface infection by 57 to 61%, which was lower than that recorded for BM. STE also displayed in vitro inhibitory effects on the release of zoospores from sporangia and the germination of zoospores of P. viticola. Zoospore germination was completely inhibited at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 and zoospore release was inhibited at 330 mg L-1.Conclusions: Treatment of young grapevine plants in greenhouse with stilbene extract from grapevine canes offered considerable protection against P. viticola that was identical to that provided by Bordeaux mixture. STE was also able to prevent P. viticola infection in vineyard but to a lesser extent. Treatment with STE every 7th day in vineyard provided better results than that every 14th day.Significance and impact of the study: Stilbenes from grapevine canes are good candidates as natural fungicides against downy mildew. Given the very large quantity of grape canes available each year, this strategy could be scaled up to control this grapevine disease in a sustainable manner.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia and Stiffness After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zachwieja Erik , Perez Jose , Hardaker W. Mack , Levine Brett , Sheth Neil 
Published: April 2018

* The prevalence of stiffness after total knee arthroplasty ranges from 1.3% to 5.8%.* Stiffness is multifactorial and can be attributed to a variety of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient and technical factors.* Once infection and mechanical factors have been ruled out, stiffness following total knee arthroplasty can be diagnosed as arthrofibrosis. Manipulation under anesthesia is typically reserved for patients who have been unable to regain range of motion after aggressive physical therapy.* Manipulation under anesthesia has few risks and is successful in providing functional improvement for the majority of patients.* The optimal timing for performing manipulation under anesthesia is unclear, but early manipulation (≤3 months after total knee arthroplasty) appears to produce superior results to late manipulation (>3 months after total knee arthroplasty).
Biomechanical Consequences of Meniscal Tear, Partial Meniscectomy, and Meniscal Repair in the Knee
Authors: Lau Brian C. , Conway Devin , Mulvihill Jeffrey , Zhang Alan L. , Feeley Brian T. 
Published: April 2018

Update
This article was updated on April 26, 2018, because of a previous error. On pages 1 and 14, the author name that had read “Alan Z. Zhang, MD” now reads “Alan L. Zhang, MD.”
An erratum has been published: JBJS Reviews. 2018 May;6(5):e11.

* Meniscal tears are one of the most common injuries encountered by orthopaedists, and arthroscopic partial meniscectomies and repairs are among the most common procedures performed for their treatment. An understanding of the biomechanical consequences in the knee is needed by treating clinicians.* Knee adduction moment is increased following meniscal tears and is further increased following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Increased knee adduction moment is associated with the development of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis.* Meniscal tears increase contact pressures within the knee when they involve >60% of the width of the meniscus. Partial meniscectomy further increases contact pressures, and meniscal repair partially reduces contact pressures but not to normal levels.* Patients may benefit from a focus on rehabilitation following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy to restore proper knee mechanics. In both the medial and the lateral meniscus, repair of radial tears yields better contact biomechanics than resection does. However, resection of up to 50% of the meniscal depth may be acceptable when repair is not feasible. Horizontal cleavage tears of the medial meniscus should be treated with resection of 1 leaflet rather than both when possible.
Colorado Operators Reaping Rewards From Sticking by ‘Predictable’ DJ-Niobrara
Authors: Zborowski Matt 
Published: April 2018

Colorado oil production is surging to record levels, outpacing the other major producing US states in year-over-year gains on the backs of the steady-and-predictable Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin and overlapping Niobrara Shale.
As overall US oil output continues to surge, attention has been drawn to the Permian Basin and SCOOP and STACK plays. Operators have flocked to West Texas, southeastern New Mexico, and central Oklahoma to stake claims to land they believe will usher them into a new, leaner era for the industry. The expansive Permian alone, which covers more than 75,000 sq miles, has accounted for the bulk of US oil production increases and mergers and acquisitions over the last couple of years.
Although they are intertwined and together encompass parts of Colorado border states Wyoming, Nebraska, and Kansas, the DJ and Niobrara offer a fraction of the acreage and prospective resources of the Permian. But the existing acreage quality is high. Relatively few companies have large positions in the region, with leadership of many of those firms having earned their stripes with nearby competitors.
Mike Eberhard, chief operating officer of SRC Energy, previously known as Synergy Resources and one of the region’s largest pure-play firms, explained that the DJ is attractive because “it has a very good rate of return” due mainly to low well and takeaway costs, which makes it competitive with the other major basins. He previously served as completions manager for Anadarko Petroleum’s DJ Basin program.
“We have a very good infrastructure” in the region, he said. “We don’t have a lot of [midstream companies] going over the top of each other, trying to get into the next location. Most of the acreage out here is dedicated for midstream. Everybody kind of knows who has what, and we do development around that.” Meanwhile, “the service sector has been here since the ‘60s.” Denver also serves as a stable source of skilled workers, “so you’re not putting up man camps” like in the Bakken and Permian where labor costs and turnover can be high. “And we don’t make a lot of water with the wells. We don’t have a lot of disposal issues,” which are common in areas such as the Permian.
OTC at 50: Bold Vision Led to Unimagined Success
Authors: Parshall Joel 
Published: April 2018

Visionaries possess an extraordinary power to imagine what could be. Yet when a future unfolds that validates them, it may so exceed the original vision that even an extraordinary power of imagination is proved in adequate. The reality that happens vaults well beyond one’s wildest dreams. That could be said of the original decision by nine organizations in 1968 to launch the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) in Houston the following year.
The sponsors were optimistic enough to call it “the first annual conference,” and that vote of confidence has been powerfully affirmed. The conference that convenes on 30 April 2018 at Houston’s NRG Center will be the 50th OTC.
The decision to organize the original conference was announced in a May 1968 JPT article by Joe Alford, executive secretary of SPE. “Nine of the leading engineering and scientific societies in the United States have taken a bold and significant step with the establishment of a new interdisciplinary meeting to be known as the Offshore Technology Conference,” he wrote. The initial conference was to be held 19–21 May 1969 in what was then the new downtown Houston Convention and Exhibit Center.
Major Forum
This excerpt from the article summarizes what the sponsors hoped to accomplish:
The new conference will provide a major forum of national importance and scope for the dissemination of technology related to offshore resources and environment. The total benefits and influence of the conference are now beyond prediction, but many knowledgeable persons feel that it will be of considerable value to the nation in our development of oceanography and resources from the oceans.
Yes, knowledgeable persons felt it would “be of considerable value to the nation.” But there was no intimation of what value the conference might have beyond the borders of the US or what interest it would generate internationally.
Hindsight tells us that OTC was an idea whose time had come, and clearly the organizers of the original believed that the time had come for something significant. But did they have any idea of how far-reaching the interest would prove? With participants from more than 100 countries? Of attendance that would breach 100,000 on several occasions? Of programs with well more than 40 sessions and 300 technical papers presented? Of 2,000 or more exhibitors with displays covering 600,000 square ft?
EDITORIAL
Authors: Souza Elizeu Clementino , Costa Lívia Fialho 
Published: April 2018

O crescimento e as especificidades dos Mestrados Profissionais (MP) configuram-se como temas atuais, em razão da produção acadêmica em várias áreas do conhecimento e por causa da importância dessa modalidade de formação. Desde a sua aprovação, passando por seu processo de consolidação e expansão no Brasil, os profissionais ligados aos Mestrados Profissionais fomentam discussões sobre o lugar da teoria e a aplicação prática do conhecimento voltado para o mercado de trabalho e, no campo educacional, suas interfaces e contribuições para transformações na Educação Básica. Outra questão relevante – e que encontra lugar nos Fóruns de Coordenadores – é a forma de avaliar os MPs, ou seja, a maneira de medir o produto e os indicadores de impacto dos MPs, que devem estar consoantes à sua realidade, vez que entre os mestrados e doutorados acadêmicos e os profissionais há diferenças fundamentais. Embora a Capes tenha incorporado no quadriênio 2010-2014 de avaliação dos cursos uma ficha atenta às especificidades desta modalidade de formação, as discussões seguem em busca da incorporação de outros critérios que assegurem especificidades,singularidade do processo de avaliação e medição dos impactos e produtos do MPs.
संस्कृत साहित्य में मानवाधिकार का स्वरूप
Authors: सिंह बीरपाल 
Published: April 2018

मानव अधिकारों की सुरक्षा, पहचान एवं उनका क्रियान्वयन बहुत महत्वपण्ूर् एव ं जटिल है क्योंक इसकी अवधारणा एव ं अर्थ म ें आम सहमति नही ं है। यह सामाजिक दशाओं े प्रभावित हाने वाली एक गतिशील अवधारणा है।	’’मानव अधिकार, आधारभूत अर्थ में वे मौलिक अधिकार हैं जो कि प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को राज्य या लोक प्राधिकार के द्वारा मानव होने के नाते प्राप्त होने चाहिए इस हेतु मानव के लिए मानव परिवार का सदस्य होना ही पर्याप्त है उसके लिए किसी अन्य शर्त की आवश्यकता नहीं है।‘‘2 प्राकृतिक काननू का अन्तिम तथ्य के रुप में आकर्षक सिद्धान्त यही है कि केवल नागरिक ही नही ं सभी व्यक्तियों की राज्य केदबाव से रक्षा की जानी चाहिए।’’3 ‘‘ वैदिक काल से ही मानवाधिकार संरक्षण होता आ रहा है।
व्यवहार में सामाजिक कल्याण का भाव सर्वोपरि था जो कि मानवाधिकार का मूल है। प्राचीन भारत में सनातन धर्म का विधान न केवल धार्मिक एवं नैतिक विधान था वरन् राजा के व्यवहारा,ें दण्ड विधानों को भी नियिं त्रत व संतुलित करता था। वह भी सामान्य नागरिक की भाँति काननू के प्रति उŸारदायी था। विधि के समक्ष समता एवं विधियों का समान सरं क्षण की पश्चिमी अवधारणा के भां त ये अवधारणा प्राचीन भारतीय राज्य व्यवस्था के सचं ालन में कन्े द्रीय भाव रखती थी। धर्म-शास्त्रों में ही नही, नीति-शास्त्रों में भी राजा के कŸार्व् यों और दायित्वों का वर्णन विस्तारपूर्वक किया जाता था ताकि राजा पथ-भ्रष्ट ना हो। राज्यों का स्वरूप राजतन्त्रात्मक होते हुये भी लाके तां त्रक प्रकृति लिए हुऐ था। भारतीय धर्म-शास्त्रां व नीति-शास्त्रों में प्राणी मात्र के प्रति दया की भावना का प्रतिपादन किया गया है। इस प्रकार मानवाधिकारों का भारतीय सदं र्भ व्यापक परिप्रक्ष्ेय लिये हुए है।