bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five Emerging Neuroinvasive Arboviral Diseases: Cache Valley, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and Usutu
Authors: Gill Christine M. , Beckham J. David , Piquet Amanda L. , Tyler Kenneth L. , Pastula Daniel M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere are many arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) capable of neuroinvasion, with West Nile virus being one of the most well known. In this review, we highlight five rarer emerging or reemerging arboviruses capable of neuroinvasion: Cache Valley, eastern equine encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and Usutu viruses. Cache Valley and Jamestown Canyon viruses likely circulate throughout most of North America, while eastern equine encephalitis and Powassan viruses typically circulate in the eastern half. Usutu virus is not currently circulating in North America, but has the potential to be introduced in the future given similar climate, vectors, and host species to Europe (where it has been circulating). Health care providers should contact their state or local health departments with any questions regarding arboviral disease surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention. To prevent neuroinvasive arboviral diseases, use of insect repellent and other mosquito and tick bite prevention strategies are key.
Neurological Complications of Leprosy
Authors: Lau K. H. Vincent 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLeprosy is a challenging international health concern. Despite tremendous efforts in reducing worldwide disease prevalence in the past decades, some countries remain endemic and are plagued by high levels of disability. The neurological complications of leprosy are varied and complex, with current research focused on evaluating tools for earlier diagnosis of neuropathy, especially in resource-limited countries. While treatment with multidrug therapy is highly effective, active research aims to simplify regimens to improve adherence, minimize adverse effects, and prevent antimicrobial resistance. Although promising progress has been made in the past decades, further efforts are needed to push the international community toward achieving worldwide elimination.
Neurosyphilis
Authors: Gonzalez Hemil , Koralnik Igor J. , Marra Christina M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeurosyphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum). The organism gains entry into the central nervous system (CNS) early (primary syphilis or chancre phase) in the course of infection. While most patients are able to mount an immune response that effectively clears CNS invasion without long-term complications, a minority go on to develop asymptomatic or symptomatic neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis has been divided into early and late stages. The early stages include asymptomatic meningitis, symptomatic meningitis, gumma, and meningovascular syphilis, while the late stages include dementia paralytica and tabes dorsalis. Ocular and otologic syphilis can occur at any time but often accompany the acute meningitis of early neurosyphilis. The diagnosis of symptomatic neurosyphilis requires meeting clinical, serologic, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) criteria, while the diagnosis of asymptomatic neurosyphilis relies on serologic and CSF criteria alone. In the last several decades, a persistent rise in syphilitic meningitis and other forms of early neurosyphilis have been seen in the human immunodeficiency virus-positive population, principally in men who have sex with men. This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of neurosyphilis, and it addresses the controversy regarding the role of lumbar puncture early in the course of infection.
Polarimetric neutron tomography of magnetic fields: uniqueness of solution and reconstruction
Authors: Desai Naeem M , Lionheart William R B , Sales Morten , Strobl Markus , Schmidt Søren 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We consider the problem of determination of a magnetic field from three dimensional polarimetric neutron tomography data. We see that this is an example of a non-Abelian ray transform and that the problem has a globally unique solution for smooth magnetic fields with compact support, and a locally unique solution for less smooth fields. We derive the linearization of the problem and note that the derivative is injective. We go on to show that the linearised problem about a zero magnetic field reduces to plane Radon transforms and suggest a modified Newton–Kantarovich method (MNKM) for the numerical solution of the non-linear problem, in which the forward problem is re-solved but the same derivative is used each time. Numerical experiments demonstrate that MNKM works for small enough fields (or large enough velocities) and we show an example where it fails to reconstruct a slice of the simulated data set. Lastly we show that, viewed as an optimization problem, the inverse problem is non-convex so we expect gradient based methods may fail.
Optimization of 2D and 3D cell culture to study membrane organization with STED microscopy
Authors: Maraspini Riccardo , Wang Chen-Ho , Honigmann Alf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Epithelia cells assemble into sheets that compartmentalize organs and generate tissue barriers. This is achieved by forming polarized membrane domains, which are connected by junctional complexes. While much is known about the organization of the basal membrane due to its easy accessibility by high and super-resolution microscopy, the apical and lateral membrane domains remain poorly characterized. Here we describe our methods to study the molecular organization of apical and lateral membrane domains by combining 2D and 3D epithelial cell culture with super-resolution STED microscopy. We show that inverted cell monolayers enable live cell imaging of the apical membrane with a resolution sufficient to resolve the densely packed micro-villi of human enterocytes. Furthermore, 3D cell culture enables us to resolve adhesion complexes in the lateral domain of kidney derived cells. We envision that these methods will help to reveal the supra-molecular structure of lateral and apical membrane domains in epithelial cells.
Using Gaussian process regression to simulate the vibrational Raman spectra of molecular crystals
Authors: Raimbault Nathaniel , Grisafi Andrea , Ceriotti Michele , Rossi Mariana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vibrational properties of molecular crystals are constantly used as structural fingerprints, in order to identify both the chemical nature and the structural arrangement of molecules. The simulation of these properties is typically very costly, especially when dealing with response properties of materials to e.g. electric fields, which require a good description of the perturbed electronic density. In this work, we use Gaussian process regression (GPR) to predict the static polarizability and dielectric susceptibility of molecules and molecular crystals. We combine this framework with ab initio molecular dynamics to predict their anharmonic vibrational Raman spectra. We stress the importance of data representation, symmetry, and locality, by comparing the performance of different flavors of GPR. In particular, we show the advantages of using a recently developed symmetry-adapted version of GPR. As an examplary application, we choose Paracetamol as an isolated molecule and in different crystal forms. We obtain accurate vibrational Raman spectra in all cases with fewer than 1000 training points, and obtain improvements when using a GPR trained on the molecular monomer as a baseline for the crystal GPR models. Finally, we show that our methodology is transferable across polymorphic forms: we can train the model on data for one crystal structure, and still be able to accurately predict the spectrum for a second polymorph. This procedure provides an independent route to access electronic structure properties when performing force-evaluations on empirical force-fields or machine-learned potential energy surfaces.
Can smallholder farmers buffer rainfall variability through conservation agriculture? On-farm practices and maize yields in Kenya and Malawi
Authors: Boillat Sébastien , Jew Eleanor K K , Steward Peter R , Speranza Chinwe Ifejika , Whitfield Stephen , Mkwambisi David , Kiteme Boniface , Wambugu Grace , Burdekin Oliver J , Dougill Andrew J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Reduced tillage, permanent ground cover and crop diversification are the three core pillars of Conservation Agriculture (CA). We assess and compare on-farm effects of different practices related to the three pillars of CA on maize yields under ENSO-driven rainfall variability in Kenya and Malawi. Reduced tillage practices increased yields per hectare by 250 kg on average in Malawi under below-average rainfall conditions and by 700 kg in Kenya under above-average rainfall, but did not have any significant effect on yields under below-average rainfall conditions in Kenya. Ground cover had a positive impact on yields in Malawi (dry conditions) but not in Kenya (both dry and wet conditions), where mixed crop and livestock systems limited this practice. Crop diversification had positive impacts in Kenya (both dry and wet conditions), where maize-legume crop rotation is practiced, but not in Malawi where landholdings are too small to allow rotation. Our findings suggest that isolated CA techniques can have positive effects on yields even after only a few years of practice under variable rainfall conditions. This strengthens empirical evidence supporting the value of CA in resilience building of agricultural systems, and suggests that both full and partial adoption of CA practices should be supported in areas where climate change is leading to more variable rainfall conditions.
Study on the seepage control effect for the dam foundation of CHIPWI hydropower Station at upper stream IRRAWADDY RIVER
Authors: Cui Hao dong , Wang Zhi , Zhang Wei , Wu Qin hua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Impervious curtain and intensive drainage holes take important roles to control the seepage field in the foundation of dam such as that with fault for Chipwi Hydropower Station. The three-dimensional seepage field is modelled with finite element method, and the efficiency is analysed for impervious curtain and drainage holes to control the seepage field. The results indicate that the curtain with less permeability is more efficient, especially for the area with fault. Drainage hole spacing does not influence the seepage field greatly. While the drainage hole spacing is doubled, whole discharge increases but the uplift pressure still meets the requirement according to design code.
Deformation Monitoring Indexes of High Concrete Arch Dam Considering Time-varying Effect
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Xu Yingli , Xia Qun , Hu Kun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Deformation is the most intuitive reflection of comprehensive behavior of concrete dams, and it is of great significance to determine the deformation monitoring indexes for dam abnormality identifying. In this paper, deformation monitoring indexes of arch dam were determined in the form of causal components, and the time-varying effect caused by the degradation of dam material properties was considered. The hydraulic component in monitoring index was determined into three grades by water density overloading method, and the appearances of dam heel yield depth coming up to the curtain axis, the catastrophes of dam body yield volume ratio and dam radial displacement, were respectively taken as the abnormal symbols. The temperature component was determined for two operation conditions, with respect to the measured high and low temperature periods. As for the time effect component, it was initially calculated by FEM with the environmental damage-considered rheological constitutive models, and fitted by the combination of exponential function and periodic function. A case study was performed to give more detailed introductions for determining the proposed deformation monitoring indexes. Research results show that the components of temperature and time-effect occupy a large proportion in monitoring index of arch dams.
Protection Measures on Water Quality in Yellow-River-Crossing Tunnel
Authors: Zhu Yaping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Yellow-River-Crossing Project is a special symbolic water conveyance structure in the middle route of the main canal. Its scenic environment surface sensory and water quality safety are equally important. Under the guarantee of the water quality monitoring station network designed, the water quality of the inlet and outlet of the tunnel reaches environmental quality standards II for the surface water. The deterioration of organic matter seriously endangers the safety of water quality. Floating cleaning has become a part of the daily routine. In view of the shortcomings of traditional long-rod net fishing such as great difficulty, high operational risk factor and low efficiency, and the characteristics of many floating species, large volume and concentration in the catchment area in front of the safety barrier at the entrance of the Yellow-River-Crossing Tunnel Project, an automatic fishing barrier was developed and installed. An environmental-friendly floating operation platform was equipped at the outlet of the tunnel, considering the large difference between the platform and the water and as a window for external exchange and display. The floating mat can beautify the environment and provide an emergency operation platform for handling hydraulic oil leakage and accidents at the inlet and outlet of the tunnel. It provides a practical reference for the salvage mechanization of the Project and the floating materials cleaning of the inverted siphon and aqueduct structures in the Project.
Comparative Study on the Discrete Model and the Improved Embedded Model of Cooling Water Pipe
Authors: Yuan Min , Qiang Sheng , Zhang Jingtao , Sun Qiaorong , Zheng Xuerui , Zhang Zhipei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lianghu pump station of a large-scale water conservancy project under construction is characterized by complex structure, large scale and large size of solid body pouring block, while the previous discrete model of cooling water pipe is difficult to be successfully arranged in the concrete grid and requires a large amount of computation. In this paper, the improved embedded model of cooling water pipe, which considers the change of the water temperature in the cooling water pipe, is adopted to simulate the temperature control of the large pump station during the construction period. The results show that, with the help of the measured data, although the error rate of the improved embedded model of cooling water pipe at the highest temperature is 5% higher than that of the discrete model, the calculation efficiency is increased by about 40% in comparison with the discrete model. The comprehensive profit is improved by nearly 35%. It is worth popularizing and applying in the simulation calculation of temperature field of large pump station structure during construction period. Finally, the results of the two pipe models are compared and the relevant suggestions are given.
Study on the Ecological Operation of Artificial River-Communicating Lakes during Non-Flood Period
Authors: Chai Zhaohui , Yao Shiming , Liu Tonghuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
River-communicating lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River connect with river through culverts and sluices except Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake. Its water quality is poorer due to the lack of natural exchange of water, especially in dry season. Taking Huayang Lake group as an example, the feasibility of ecological operation and the specific plan during non-flood period were studied by data analysis, field investigation and numerical simulation. Data analysis result presents the concentration of TN and TP decreases with the increase of water level, but the tendency slows down when the water level exceeds a certain value. In addition, based on the current sluice gate dispatching mode, relationship between river and lakes, flood control security, improvement of water environment and the simulated results, the ecological operation plan was obtained, that is, using Yangwan and Huayang sluices to control the water level in the lake from October to December at 13 m, January to February at 12.5 m and March to April at 11.8 m.
Vegetation coverage dynamics and its response to urbanization in the Taihu Lake Basin during 1998∼2010
Authors: Qingfang Hu , Leizhi Wang , Yintang Wang , Lingjie Li , Yong Liu , Tingting Cui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Based on the DMSP/OLS nighttime lighting data, the temporal and spatial evolution patterns of urbanization in Taihu Lake Basin from 1992 to 2010 were illustrated. In the meantime, the dynamic change characteristics of vegetation cover in Taihu Lake Basin from 1998-2010 were revealed according to the annual maximum ten-day normalized vegetation NDVI index and the corresponding vegetation coverage rate of SPOT in 1km × 1km resolution. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial response characteristics of vegetation cover factor to urbanization were also identified. The results showed that the urbanization process of the Taihu Lake Basin has been accelerated substantially since the beginning of the 1990s, and the intensity of nighttime and human activity has continuously increased. The urban built-up area has expanded extensively in the eastern part of the basin. Although the annual maximum ten-day normalized vegetation index NDVI and vegetation coverage in the whole basin over the past more than 10 years did not exhibit significant decline or class difference, there were significant negative temporal correlations of the annual maximum NDVI index and the vegetation coverage with the light intensity in the surrounding area and the corridors of main communication. As a result, the vegetation coverage in Puxi, Pudong, Yangcheng-Dianmao, and WuchengXiYu exhibited continued downward trends. At the same time, there was a close relationship between the spatial pattern of vegetation coverage and the pattern of urbanization in Taihu Lake Basin. On the spatial scale of 1km × 1km, there were significant negative correlations between NDVI and light intensity in the whole basin except for the Taihu Lake area over all the investigated years. Since the rapid urbanization of the Taihu Lake Basin has a significant effect on vegetation cover characteristics, it is necessary to reinforce the ecological protection, restoration and other measures to scientifically respond and prevent changes in vegetation cover caused by the ecological environment and hydrological risks.
Study on Bending Resistance and Self-healing Property of SBS Modified Asphalt Mortar under Thermal Aging
Authors: Cui Yanan , Li Xueshan , Yu Qingnian , Cui Shuyu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
At present, there are many studies on asphalt mixtures in China, but the research on asphalt mortar is not enough. In this paper, through trabecular bending tests of base asphalt mortar and SBS modified asphalt mortar under different aging degrees,and the change rules of mechanical properties of two kinds of asphalt mortar under different aging degrees were studied. By designing self-healing experiments of asphalt mortar specimens. The test results show that SBS modified asphalt mortar has better deformation resistance and load-bearing capacity than base asphalt mortar, SBS modified asphalt has better pavement performance, and the deformation resistance and stress relaxation performance of SBS modified asphalt mortar are greatly affected by short-term aging, which is the main factor affecting the healing degree. Therefore, controlling the short-term thermal aging of SBS modified asphalt mixture during paving and transportation is of great significance to the improvement of pavement service life.
Main influencing factors of sediment peak transmission time in flood season of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR)
Authors: Huang Ren-yong , Wang Min , Ren Shi , Liu Liang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Based on the measured data of sediment peak transport after the application of the TGR, the relationship between sediment peak transmission time and different influencing factors in the TGR was studied. The result shows: Main influencing factors of sediment peak transmission time in flood season of the TGR are sediment peak concentration of Cuntan station and flood retention coefficient, and the relationship between them is the positive proportion, in which the influence of inflow sediment peak on the sediment peak transmission time is greater than flood retention coefficient. Research results can provide reference for Sediment regulation of the TGR during flood season.
Modeling of Fluvial Processes for Braided Channel in Down Yangtze River, Part 2: Application to the Channel Regulation
Authors: Ge Hua , Lingling Zhu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A well validated two-dimensional surface numerical model for braided channel in down Yangtze River was used to analyse the effect of the channel regulation projects in Hechangzhou reach. Based on the different flow and sediment boundaries, the calculations were carried out to analyse the river bed evolution and the slit ratio under the impacts of two supposed projects. The results show that the subsequent submerged dikes nearby the existed one in left branch will be beneficial to the maintenance of the deep-water channel for right branch.
Development of an Energy-based EPWP Generation Model under Different Drainage Conditions
Authors: Wang Bo , Yao Changrui , Liu Zhiqiang , Fan Hao , Xiao Haohan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Drainage conditions have significant influence on the liquefaction behaviour of soil. In this study, cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on saturated Fujian standard sand under different drainage conditions. A new infiltration device was designed to simulate the different drainage conditions by controlling the permeability coefficient of the silt inside. Permeability coefficient ratio (kp) is introduced to measure the effect of different drainage conditions (k

p
= k

i
/k
o, where k

i
is the permeability coefficient of the silt at different dry density; k
o is the permeability coefficient of the saturated sand specimen). A series of cyclic triaxial tests were conducted to evaluate the response regularity of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) of saturated sand under different drainage conditions. Test results indicate that different drainage conditions have obviously effects on the EPWP generation. Based on the strain energy concept, an EPWP generation model is developed by considering the effect of drainage condition and it shows good agreement with the test observations.
Study on the rainfall change in Pisha stone area
Authors: Shen Zhenzhou , Yao Wenyi , Xiao Peiqing , Li Mian , Yang Jishan , Jing Chengran , Zhang Pan , Wang Zhihui , Liu Hui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Rainfall and raindrop characteristics have an important impact on the erosion of sandstone soil. The LPM laser raindrop spectrometer is used to analyze the rainfall characteristics of the Ordos City in the Yellow River Basin, including the distribution characteristics of the velocity and size of a natural rainfall raindrop. Statistical analysis shows that with the gradual strengthening of rainfall intensity, the number of raindrops per unit time, the size and speed of raindrops will increase parabolically. However, the natural rainfall process finds that the diameter and velocity of the raindrop are relatively scattered. During this measurement, the velocity of raindrops is mainly distributed between 1-3.4m / s, and most raindrops are distributed at 1-1.8m / s. The diameter of the raindrops is mainly distributed in the range of 0.125-0.5 mm. The raindrops with a diameter of 0.125mm are mainly distributed between 0.8-3.4m / s, the raindrops with a diameter of 0.25mm are mainly distributed between 1-2.6m / s, and the raindrops with a diameter of 0.375mm are mainly distributed between 1.0-2.2 m/s, and the diameter of 0.5 mm is mainly distributed in the range of 2.2-2.6 m / s.