bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flowering plant immune repertoires expand under mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Kramer Eric M. , Statter Samantha A. , Yi Ho Jun , Carlson Joseph W. , McClelland Donald H. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImmune perception in flowering plants is mediated by a repertoire of cytoplasmic and cell‐surface receptors that detect invading microbes and their effects on cells. Here, we show that several large families of immune receptors exhibit size variations related to a plant's competence to host symbiotic root fungi (mycorrhiza). Plants that do not participate in mycorrhizal associations have significantly smaller immune repertoires, while the most promiscuous symbiotic hosts (ectomycorrhizal plant species) have significantly larger immune repertoires. By contrast, we find no significant increase in immune repertoire size among legumes competent to form a symbiosis with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria (rhizobia). To explain these observations, we hypothesize that plant immune repertoire size expands with symbiote species diversity.
Metastasis‐inducing protein S100A4 interacts with p53 in the nuclei of living cells
Authors: Liu Zhen , Meng Ying , Wang Huijun , Rudland Philip S. , Barraclough Roger , Zhang Shu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveS100A4 can bind to p53 in vitro. However, it is unclear whether the proteins interact in the nuclei of living cells.MethodsInitially, using an optical biosensor, the ability of CFP‐S100A4 to bind with p53‐YFP was examined in vitro. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique using laser confocal microscopy was applied to detect the interaction of S100A4 with p53 in living cells.ResultsImaging FRET in HeLa cells expressing S100A4 and p53 showed an increase in cyan fluorescent protein fluorescence intensity, after photobleaching yellow fluorescent protein in cell nuclei. In comparison, the imaging of cell nuclei expressing mutant S100A4‐C and p53 or S100A4 and yellow fluorescent protein as the negative control showed the occurrence of FRET, and demonstrated that the interaction between S100A4 and p53 occurred in the nuclei of living HeLa cells. However, FRET did not occur in the cytoplasm of cells, showing that S100A4 did not interact with p53 in the cytoplasm.ConclusionS100A4 can interact directly with p53 in the nuclei of living cells. This might be a molecular basis for metastasis‐inducing S100A4 in vivo. The results also suggest that the inhibition of the calcium‐binding site of S100A4 might be a possible anticancer therapy.
A novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator with reduced risk of hypotension by short‐acting vasodilation
Authors: Sawabe Toshihiro , Chiba Toshiki , Kobayashi Akihiro , Nagasaka Kosuke , Aihara Kazuyuki , Takaya Akiyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCinaciguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator, was under clinical development for use in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), but was discontinued due to occurrence of hypotension. We hypothesized that short‐term activation of sGC in ADHF patients would exert a vasodilative effect without hypotension irrespective of disease state, using a novel short‐acting sGC activator, TY‐55002. The objective of this study was to investigate the vasodilation and hemodynamic effects of TY‐55002 in comparison with those of cinaciguat. TY‐55002 and cinaciguat activated both normal and heme‐oxidized sGC in a dose‐dependent manner and caused rapid relaxation of phenylephrine‐contracted rat aorta. However, TY‐55002 had a milder effect than cinaciguat in enhancing the dose‐activity response between normal and oxidized sGC. Therefore, we suggest that the pharmacological effect of TY‐55002 is less subject than cinaciguat to oxidative stress associated with complications such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes. In normal dogs, the effects of intravenous TY‐55002 or cinaciguat on blood pressure were evaluated in conjunction with the plasma concentrations of the compounds, and pharmacokinetic (PK)‐pharmacodynamic (PD) analyses were carried out. The plasma‐to‐effect‐site transfer rate constant (Ke0) for TY‐55002 was three times greater than for cinaciguat. On the other hand, there was a small difference in blood half‐life (T1/2) between the compounds. It is possible that the rapid fall in blood pressure after the initial administration of TY‐55002 and the quick recovery after cessation were due to the pharmacodynamic property of the compound. In heart failure‐model dogs, TY‐55002 and cinaciguat improved the condition to the same degree, and the short‐term action of TY‐55002 was replicated. In conclusion, TY‐55002 is a novel short‐acting sGC activator, which offers the possibility of easy dose management without excessive hypotension. It therefore holds potential to serve as an innovative drug in the pharmacotherapy of ADHF.
Decorated Peptide Nanofibers with Cu Nanoparticles: An Efficient Catalyst for the Multicomponent Synthesis of Chromeno [2, 3‐d] pyrimidin‐8‐amines, Quinazolines and 2H‐ Indazoles
Authors: Taherinia Zahra , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Hajjami Maryam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient, simple and green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 7, 10‐diaryl‐7Hbenzo [7, 8] chromeno[2,3‐d] pyrimidin‐8‐amine, 2H‐indazole and quinazoline derivatives in the presence of decorated peptide nanofibers with Cu nanoparticles. Peptide nanofibre has been synthesised by self‐assembly technique. In this work, the effect of succinic anhydride was evaluated in two conditions: i) without adding succinic anhydride at pH 4, ii) by adding succinic anhydride at pH 5. Synthesized peptide nanofiber was characterized by 1H, 13C, DEPT NMR spectroscopies (Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer), CHNSO, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, UV/Vis, FTIR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
A Single Step Fractionation of Lignocellulose in Aqueous Solutions of a Carboxylic Acid‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid
Authors: Cai Long , Zhang Ying , Hu Gang , Guo Yuanlong , Jin Longming , Xu Qinqin , Liu Zhanpeng , Xie Haibo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the features of corn stover pretreated under mild conditions in aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid functionalized ionic liquids 1‐carboxymethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (IL–COOH). The results revealed that such pretreatment selectively removed hemicelluloses in corn stover, resulting in cellulose‐ and lignin‐rich pulps with moderate enzymatic reactivity. The corn stover pretreated in 40 wt% IL–COOH at 120 °C for 4 h demonstrated increases in cellulose and lignin contents from 37.9% to 55.6%, and 21.1% to 26.5%, respectively, while decrease in the content of hemicellulose from 24.4% to 9.34%. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulps achieved from pretreatment in 50 wt% IL–COOH aqueous solution at 105 °C for 4 h produced 0.32 g.g−1 glucose and 0.45 g.g−1 total reducing sugars. The recyclability and reusability of IL–COOH in the pretreatment system was also investigated.
Rational Fabrication of Hierarchical Z‐Scheme WO3/Bi2WO6 Nanotubes for Superior Photoelectrocatalytic Reaction
Authors: Rong Feng , Wang Qinyu , Lu Qifang , Yao Linbing , Wei Mingzhi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo develop efficient and stable photocatalysts for visible light pollutant degradation, hierarchical Z‐Scheme WO3/Bi2WO6 nanotubes have been rationally designed and fabricated via a combined electrospinning‐calcination process. Moreover, the morphology of as‐fabricated nanotubes could be tuned by the annealing temperature. Accordingly, the newly‐designed hierarchical Z‐Scheme system highly facilitates the separation and migration of photoinduced charge carriers, and enhances the broadened photoabsorption range and high redox capacity owning to the synergistic effects of WO3 and Bi2WO6. Meanwhile, the corresponding possible formation mechanism is proposed as well. Benefiting from the unique structural features, the optimized 550 °C‐WO3/Bi2WO6 nanotubes exhibit the remarkable photoelectrochemical activity and photocatalytic performance for degrading pollutant models (4‐NP and RhB), among which reaction rate is superior to 500 °C and 600 °C‐WO3/Bi2WO6 counterparts. This work may shed light on rational design and construction of hierarchical Z‐Scheme WO3/Bi2WO6 nanotubes for energy and environment‐related applications.
Cinnamaldehyde‐Based Chemosensor for Colorimetric Detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+ in a Near‐Perfect Aqueous Solution
Authors: Cho Hanna , Chae Ju Byeong , Kim Cheal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA cinnamaldehyde‐based colorimetric chemosensor TAA (N′‐((1E,2Z)‐3‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)thiophene‐2‐carbohydrazide) was newly developed. TAA can detect Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions by different color changes from pale yellow to deep yellow and orange, respectively, in aqueous media. TAA differently binds to Cu2+ as a 1:1 ratio and Hg2+ as a 2:1 ratio. The detection limits towards both analytes turned out to be 0.08 μM for Cu2+ and 0.01 μM for Hg2+. Moreover, TAA could successfully quantify Cu2+ and Hg2+ in tap and drinking water. The detection processes of TAA towards Cu2+ and Hg2+ were demonstrated by using DFT calculations.
Continuous Flow Desulfurization of a Model Fuel Catalysed by Titanium Functionalized UiO‐66
Authors: Piscopo C. G. , Voellinger L. , Schwarzer M. , Polyzoidis A. , Bošković D. , Loebbecke S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe porous material UiO‐66 is one of the most stable MOFs, retaining its properties under a relatively wide range of chemical and physical conditions, making it attractive for post‐synthetic modifications and catalytic applications. A Titanium functionalization of UiO‐66 has been carried out and the synthesized material has been efficiently used as catalyst in the continuous oxidative desulfurization of a model fuel with aqueous H2O2. Using dibenzothiophene as sulfur source, only a partial desulfurization has been achieved, nevertheless the functionalized MOF showed better performances compared to the standard UiO‐66. The titanium containing MOF allowed to completely removing thioanisole from the oil phase within only eight minutes. The pore sizes of UiO‐66 are playing an important role in allowing a fast oxidation of the thioanisole compared to dibenzothiophene.
Au Based Ni and Co Bimetallic Core Shell Nanocatalysts for Room Temperature Selective Decomposition of Hydrous Hydrazine to Hydrogen
Authors: Jain P. , Anila K. A. , Vinod C. P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNickel and Cobalt bimetallic catalysts with Au as core metal has been synthesized and demonstrated for hydrazine decomposition reaction for producing hydrogen. Gold‐cobalt and gold nickel bimetallic system belonging to the class of strained structures with high lattice mismatch of approximately 14% are demonstrated for synergistic effects atypical of monometallic counterparts for the selective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine to H2 with N2 as the other product at room temperature.
Intercultural Learning and Place‐Based Pedagogy: Is There a Connection?
Authors: Reid Robin E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlace‐based education has the capacity to extend the learning community beyond the parameters of the university and to bring Indigenous and non‐Indigenous, domestic, and international students into the public space and onto the local landscape. By intentionally using place‐based and intercultural pedagogy, this paper draws on student reflections to investigate how intercultural learning occurred through a place‐based assignment.
Dynamic discriminant model for predicting respiratory distress at birth based on mass volume ratio in fetuses with congenital lung malformation
Authors: Eyerly‐Webb S. , Nicolas C. T. , Watson D. , Dion E. , Amin R. , Wagner A. J. , Lampland A. , Bendel‐Stenzel E. , Macardle C. A. , Kunisaki S. M. , Jorgenson A. , Lillegard J. , Feltis B. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe congenital lung malformation volume ratio (CVR) is a prenatal ultrasound measurement that parameterizes congenital lung malformation (CLM) size. The aims of this study were to use serial measurements to create estimated growth curves of fetal CVR for asymptomatic and symptomatic neonates with CLM and to investigate whether a discriminant prognostic model based on these measurements could predict accurately which fetuses with CLM will require invasive respiratory support at delivery and should therefore be delivered at a tertiary‐care facility.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of fetuses diagnosed prenatally with CLM at three tertiary‐care children's hospitals between 2009 and 2016. Those with two or more sonographic measurements of CVR were included. Serial fetal CVR measurements were used to create estimated growth curves for neonates with and those without respiratory symptoms at delivery, defined as requiring invasive respiratory support for the first 24 h after delivery. A discriminant model based on serial CVR measurements was used to calculate the dynamic probability of the need for invasive respiratory support. The performance of this model overall and in preterm and term neonates was compared with those using maximum CVR thresholds of 1.0 and 1.6.ResultsOf the 147 neonates meeting the inclusion criteria, 16 (10.9%) required postnatal invasive respiratory support. The estimated CVR growth curve models showed different growth trajectories for asymptomatic and symptomatic neonates, with significantly higher CVR in symptomatic neonates, and values peaking late in the second trimester at around 25 weeks' gestation in asymptomatic neonates. All prognostic methods had high accuracy for the prediction of the need for invasive respiratory support in term neonates, but the discriminant model had the best performance overall (area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) = 0.88) and in the preterm population (AUC = 0.85).ConclusionsThe estimated CVR growth curves showed different growth patterns in asymptomatic and symptomatic neonates with CLM. The dynamic discriminant model performed well overall and particularly in neonates that were carried to term. Development of an externally validated clinical tool based on this analysis could be useful in determining the site of delivery for fetuses with CLM. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Growth and development of the Mahogany Glider (Petaurus gracilis)
Authors: Booth Rosemary , Lack Traza‐Jade , Jackson Stephen M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe growth and development of the endangered Mahogany Glider (Petaurus gracilis) was monitored in a captive population at Burleigh Heads, Queensland, Australia. Video surveillance confirmed that the gestation period for this species was 16 days. Morphometric data and developmental milestones were recorded from 10 Mahogany Gliders from birth to weaning. Growth curves were developed for head length, ulna length, tail length, and body weight. Weekly inspections of female pouches revealed the young's eyelid margins were visible by Day 21, the first hair erupted on the bridge of the nose at Day 30, pigmentation of the body developed at Day 63, and they started detaching from the teat intermittently, and the body was covered in short fur by Day 70. The young were left in the nest alone from Days 84 to 87, their eyes opened between Days 84 and 94, and there was a rapid increase in length and density of fur from Day 98 onwards. At Days 101 to 105 of age the young left the nest box with its mother as back young. Weaning occurred from 184 to 187 days. Typically, the reproductive rate was two young per annum per pair, but one pair produced five young in 19 months. Females produced young from 12 months to 7 years of age, males up to 9.4 years of age. The average longevity of Mahogany Gliders in the studbook in 2018 was 11.6 years. This study provides data on the reproductive biology of the Mahogany Glider that will assist in its captive breeding, management, and conservation.
Evaluation of an increased strut porosity silicate-substituted calcium phosphate, SiCaP EP, as a synthetic bone graft substitute in spinal fusion surgery: a prospective, open-label study
Authors: Bolger Ciaran , Jones Drew , Czop Steven 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Silicate-substituted calcium phosphate-enhanced porosity (SiCaP EP, Inductigraft™, Altapore) is a synthetic bone graft material with enhanced strut porosity of 31–47%. SiCaP EP remains to be fully clinically evaluated in patients undergoing instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF) surgery. We conducted a prospective, open-label, non-randomised, multicentre clinical study to evaluate efficacy of SiCaP EP as bone grafting material in PLF surgery with instrumentation for treatment of spinal disorders.

Methods
Patients with degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis underwent PLF surgery with SiCaP EP. The primary endpoint was evaluated in the per protocol population (N = 102) as solid fusion at postoperative month 12 assessed using computed tomography scans, with motion assessed using flexion–extension radiographs. Clinical outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index, 36-item short-form health survey for quality-of-life, visual analog scale for pain scores and neurological assessments. Adverse events were recorded.

Results
Successful fusion was achieved in 59/89 (66.3%) patients at month 6, 88/102 patients (86.3%) at month 12 (primary endpoint) and 87/96 (90.6%) patients at month 24. Disability and pain reduced following surgery. Quality-of-life improved and neurological function was maintained postoperatively. Forty-three (33.3%) of the 129 patients who underwent surgery experienced adverse events; back pain was most frequent (n = 10); nine and 14 patients experienced serious adverse events judged related to device and procedure, respectively.

Conclusions
Enhanced strut porosity SiCaP EP provided high (month 12: 86.3%) spinal fusion success rates in PLF surgery. Fusion success was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients within 12 months, relative to baseline.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT01452022

Graphical abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Developments in Revenge, Justice and Rape in the Cinema
Authors: Robson Peter W. G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe index to the 2018 VideoHound Guide to Films suggests that under the broad heading of “revenge” there have been something in excess of 1000 films. This appears to be the largest category in this comprehensive guide and suggests that this is, indeed, a theme which permeates the most influential sector of popular culture. These films range from influential and lauded films with major directors and stars like John Ford (The Searchers (1956) and Alejandro González Iñárritu (The Revenant (2015)) to “straight to video” gorefests with little artistic merit and a specific target audience (The Hills Have Eyes (1977)). There is, as the Film Guide numbers suggest much in between like Straw Dogs (1972) and Outrage (1993). The making and re-making of “revenge” films continues with contributions in 2018 from such major stars as Denzel Washington in The Equalizer 2 and Brue Willis in Death Wish. Within this body of film is a roster of films which allow us to speculate on the nature of the legal system and what individual and to a lesser extent community responses are likely where there appears to be a deficit of justice. One of the sub-groups within the revenge roster is a set of films which focus on revenge by the victim for rape which are discussed for their rather different approach to the issue of justice. Most unusually, the award winning film Elle (2016) has been described as a “rape revenge comedy”. Given the thriving nature of the overall sub-genre this causes pause for thought and justifies a closer look at what seems unlikely in an era of enhanced awareness of the trauma and damage of this kind of brutal criminality. This essay seeks to examine this film and locate it within the wider world of revenge films, notions of justice and assess it in context.
Plasma Calcium Levels in Preeclampsia Versus Normotensive Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Hospital: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sende Peter Pase , Isah Aliyu Yabagi , Nwegbu Madueke Maxwell , Ekele Bissallah Ahmed , Agida Teddy Eyaofun , Adebayo Francis Olayemi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe role of calcium supplementation in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia is conflicting. The goal was to determine if there was significant difference between plasma calcium levels in women with preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women. This was a cross-sectional study of 90 consecutive preeclamptic and 90 normotensive pregnant. Blood samples were taken from them and the plasma isolated from each was analyzed using colorimetric method for calcium and albumin employing calcium kit, albumin kit and spectrum lab 7225 spectro-photometer set (Bran Scientific and Instrument Company, England). The data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Their mean ages were 28.67 ± 5.23 and 28.33 ± 5.06 years respectively (preeclamptic vs. normotensive women respectively; P = 0.688). Majority of them were nullipara (48, 53.3% and 46, 51.1% of preeclamptic and normotensive women respectively). The mean gestational age of the preeclamptic women was 36.38 ± 2.54 weeks while that of the normotensive women was 36.24 ± 2.34 years, (P = 0.715). The plasma calcium level in preeclamptic women was significantly lower than in normotensive pregnant women (2.07 ± 0.318 mmol/L vs. 2.41 ± 0.224 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Preeclamptic women have significantly lower plasma calcium levels than normotensive pregnant women in our community. Routine calcium supplementation for pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia is therefore recommended.
Merkel's Germany and the European Union: Between Emergency and the Rule of Rules
Authors: Auer Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe European Union is caught between technocracy and the politics of the exception, eroding in the process the very political sphere that makes democracy work. Partly a cause of this erosion and partly an effect, the EU retreats into the ‘rule of rules’ when faced with what are, in fact, profoundly political problems. Whether it be in response to the eurozone crisis, EU–Russia–Ukraine relations or the influx of refugees, the EU's policies led to conflicts over geopolitics, sovereignty and redistribution. Its apolitical responses were as ubiquitous as they were inadequate. They reflect Germany's preference for consensual politics, which is paradoxically enforced by Angela Merkel's dictum about there being ‘no alternative’. In order to think of alternatives to the Europe that exists, we need to revive ‘the political’, theorized by the likes of Carl Schmitt, Max Weber and Hannah Arendt at times when democracy was under duress.