bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of SBRT fractionation in hypoxia dose painting — Accounting for heterogeneous and dynamic tumor oxygenation
Authors: Kjellsson Lindblom Emely , Ureba Ana , Dasu Alexandru , Wersäll Peter , Even Aniek J. G. , van Elmpt Wouter , Lambin Philippe , Toma‐Dasu Iuliana 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTumor hypoxia, often found in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), implies an increased resistance to radiotherapy. Pretreatment assessment of tumor oxygenation is, therefore, warranted in these patients, as functional imaging of hypoxia could be used as a basis for dose painting. This study aimed at investigating the feasibility of using a method for calculating the dose required in hypoxic subvolumes segmented on 18F‐HX4 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of NSCLC.MethodsPositron emission tomography imaging data based on the hypoxia tracer 18F‐HX4 of 19 NSCLC patients were included in the study. Normalized tracer uptake was converted to oxygen partial pressure (pO2) and hypoxic target volumes (HTVs) were segmented using a threshold of 10 mmHg. Uniform doses required to overcome the hypoxic resistance in the target volumes were calculated based on a previously proposed method taking into account the effect of interfraction reoxygenation, for fractionation schedules ranging from extremely hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy.ResultsGross target volumes ranged between 6.2 and 859.6 cm3, and the hypoxic fraction < 10 mmHg between 1.2% and 72.4%. The calculated doses for overcoming the resistance of cells in the HTVs were comparable to those currently prescribed in clinical practice as well as those previously tested in feasibility studies on dose escalation in NSCLC. Depending on the size of the HTV and the distribution of pO2, HTV doses were calculated as 43.6–48.4 Gy for a three‐fraction schedule, 51.7–57.6 Gy for five fractions, and 59.5–66.4 Gy for eight fractions. For patients in whom the HTV pO2 distribution was more favorable, a lower dose was required despite a bigger volume. Tumor control probability was lower for single‐fraction schedules, while higher levels of tumor control probability were found for schedules employing several fractions.ConclusionsThe method to account for heterogeneous and dynamic hypoxia in target volume segmentation and dose prescription based on 18F‐HX4‐PET imaging appears feasible in NSCLC patients. The distribution of oxygen partial pressure within HTV could impact the required prescribed dose more than the size of the volume.
Reproducibility of human cardiac phosphorus MRS (31P‐MRS) at 7 T
Authors: Ellis Jane , Valkovič Ladislav , Purvis Lucian A.B. , Clarke William T. , Rodgers Christopher T. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeWe test the reproducibility of human cardiac phosphorus MRS (31P‐MRS) at ultra‐high field strength (7 T) for the first time. The primary motivation of this work was to assess the reproducibility of a ‘rapid’ 6½ min 31P three‐dimensional chemical shift imaging (3D‐CSI) sequence, which if sufficiently reproducible would allow the study of stress‐response processes. We compare this with an established 28 min protocol, designed to record high‐quality spectra in a clinically feasible scan time. Finally, we use this opportunity to compare the effect of per‐subject B0 shimming on data quality and reproducibility in the 6½ min protocol.Methods10 healthy subjects were scanned on two occasions: one to test the 28 min 3D‐CSI protocol, and one to test the 6½ min protocol. Spectra were fitted using the OXSA MATLAB toolbox. The phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate concentration ratio (PCr/ATP) from each scan was analysed for intra‐ and intersubject variability. The impact of different strategies for voxel selection was assessed.ResultsThere were no significant differences between repeated measurements in the same subject. For the 28 min protocol, PCr/ATP in the midseptal voxel across all scans was 1.91 ± 0.36 (mean ± intersubject SD). For the 6½ min protocol, PCr/ATP in the midseptal voxel was 1.76 ± 0.40. The coefficients of reproducibility (CRs) were 0.49 (28 min) and 0.67 (6½ min). Per‐subject B0 shimming improved the fitted PCr/ATP precision (for 6½ min scans), but had negligible effect on the CR (0.67 versus 0.66).ConclusionsBoth 7 T protocols show improved reproducibility compared with a previous 3 T study by Tyler et al. Our results will enable informed power calculations and protocol selection for future clinical research studies.
An interview study of the care manager function—Opening the door to continuity of care for patients with depression in primary care
Authors: Udo Camilla , Svenningsson Irene , Björkelund Cecilia , Hange Dominique , Jerlock Margareta , Petersson Eva‐Lisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo explore experiences among patients with depression of contact with a care manager at a primary care centre.DesignA qualitative explorative study.MethodsDuring spring and summer 2016, 20 individual face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with patients with experience of care manager contact. The material was analysed using systematic text condensation.ResultsThe participants described that having contact with a care manager was a support in their recovery process. Care became more available, and the structured continuous contact and the care manager's availability contributed to a trusting relationship. Having someone to share their burden with was a relief. However, it was described as negative when the care manager was perceived as inflexible and not open to issues that the participants felt a need to discuss. For the care manager contact to be successful, there is a need for flexibility and individually tailored contact.
Mice with a conditional deletion of Talpid3 (KIAA0586) – a model for Joubert syndrome
Authors: Bashford Andrew L , Subramanian Vasanta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a ciliopathy associated with mutations in numerous genes encoding cilia components. TALPID3 encoded by KIAA0856 in man (2700049A03Rik in mouse) is a centrosomal protein essential for the assembly of primary cilia. Mutations in KIAA0856 have been recently identified in JS patients. Herein, we describe a novel mouse JS model with a conditional deletion of the conserved exons 11–12 of Talpid3 in the central nervous system which recapitulates the complete cerebellar phenotype seen in JS. Talpid3 mutant mice exhibit key hallmarks of JS including progressive ataxia, severely hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, together with abnormal decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles. The Purkinje cell layer is disorganised with abnormal dendritic arborisation. The external granule layer (EGL) is thinner, lacks primary cilia, and has a reduced level of proliferation. Furthermore, we describe novel cellular defects including ectopic clusters of mature granule neurons, and abnormal parallel fibre‐derived synapses and disorientation of cells in the EGL. The defective glial scaffold results in abnormal granule cell migration which manifests as ectopic clusters of granule neurons. In addition, we show a reduction in Wnt7a expression suggesting that defects may arise not only from deficiencies in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway but also due to the additional roles of Talpid3. The Talpid3 conditional knockout mouse is a novel JS model which fully recapitulates the JS cerebellar phenotype. These findings reveal a role for Talpid3 in granule precursor cell migration in the cerebellum (either direct or indirect) which together with defective Hh signalling underlies the JS phenotype. Our findings also illustrate the utility of creating conditional mouse models to assist in unravelling the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying JS. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The relation of social skills and school climate of diversity to children's life satisfaction: The mediating role of school connectedness
Authors: In Hyoyeon , Kim Hyunhee , Carney JoLynn V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study examined the role of school connectedness in mediating the relations of social skills and school climate of diversity (SCD) to life satisfaction (LS) among school‐aged children. This study also investigated whether there is any gender difference in relationships. Participants included 873 elementary school students in Grades 4 through 6. The results of the structural equation modeling supported the partial mediating role of school connectedness, indicating that social skills and SCD lead to LS both directly and indirectly through enhanced school connectedness. Multigroup analysis demonstrated that the direct path from the SCD to LS was significant only for boys, while other paths are invariant across gender. Implications are addressed for school‐based interventions to promote school connectedness and LS.
A Retrospective Comparison of Five‐Year Health Outcomes Following Upper Limb Amputation and Serious Upper Limb Injury in the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts
Authors: Melcer Ted , Walker Jay , Sechriest Vernon Franklin , Bhatnagar Vibha , Richard Erin , Perez Katheryne , Galarneau Michael 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundLimited population‐based research has described long‐term health outcomes following combat‐related upper limb amputation.ObjectiveTo compare health outcomes following upper limb amputation with outcomes following serious upper limb injury during the first 5 years postinjury.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingDepartments of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient and outpatient health care facilities.ParticipantsThree‐hundred eighteen U.S. Service Members.MethodsPatients sustained an above elbow (AE, n = 51) or below elbow (BE, n = 80) amputation or serious arm injury without amputation (NO AMP, n = 187) in the Iraq or Afghanistan conflicts, 2001 through 2008. Injuries were coded by trauma nurses. Outcomes came from DoD and VA health databases.Main Outcome Measurements
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) diagnostic codes.ResultsMost patients were injured by blast weaponry causing serious to severe injuries. All groups had a high prevalence of physical and psychological health diagnoses. The prevalence for nearly all wound complications and many physical and psychological disorders decreased substantially after postinjury year 1. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, however, increased significantly from postinjury year 1 (20%) to 3 (36%). Pain and psychological disorders ranged from 69% to 90% of patients during postinjury year 1 and remained relatively high even postinjury during year 5 (37%‐53%). After adjusting for covariates, the AE group had significantly higher odds for some physical and psychological diagnoses (eg, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, cervical pain, osteoarthritis, obesity, and mood and adjustment disorders) relative to the BE or NO AMP groups. BE patients had significantly lower odds for osteomyelitis, and AE and BE patients had lower odds for fracture nonunion and joint disorders versus NO AMP.ConclusionsThe results identify similarities and differences in clinical outcomes following combat‐related upper limb amputation versus serious arm injury and can inform medical planning to improve rehabilitation programs and outcomes for these patients.Level of EvidenceIII
Evolution of photoresist layer structure and surface morphology under fluorocarbon‐based plasma exposure
Authors: Pranda Adam , Gutierrez Razo Sandra A. , Fourkas John T. , Oehrlein Gottlieb S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIon bombardment of photoresist materials during plasma etching results in the formation of a surface dense amorphous carbon (DAC) layer that contributes to both etch resistance and the development of surface roughness. Real‐time ellipsometric measurements/analysis reveals that a C4F8‐containing plasma interacts with an Ar‐plasma‐formed DAC layer to produce a modified DAC/fluorocarbon (FC) layer by FC deposition/diffusion of fluorine into the surface. The depletion of the DAC layer via modification and ion bombardment causes the etch rate of the bulk layer to increase. As the modified surface layer is formed, a noticeable decrease in surface roughness decrease is observed. These findings provide an understanding of the mechanisms of atomic layer etching processes in photoresist materials.
Genome‐wide analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal the consequences of traditional mass‐rearing on genetic variation in Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): the danger of putting all eggs in one basket
Authors: Gebiola Marco , Streicher Jeffrey W , Rugman‐Jones Paul F , Morse Joseph G , Stouthamer Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a highly effective biocontrol agent of the California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). It is commercially reared and used for augmentative releases within integrated pest management programs. However, mass rearing of biocontrol agents can result in population bottlenecks and high levels of inbreeding and/or adaptation to the factitious rearing conditions. Although these factors can all negatively impact field performance of biocontrol agents, few empirical studies have examined the genetic consequences of mass rearing. We used double‐digest RAD sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate the effect of traditional mass rearing on genetic variation among insectary colonies of A. melinus relative to wild populations in native (Pakistan) and introduced (California) ranges.RESULTSAnalyses of up to 9700 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that insectary populations had less genomic variation than introduced populations. This was evidenced by fewer private alleles, reduced heterozygosity, and greater missing data in the insectary populations. Further, California insectaries formed a distinct genomic cluster relative to the other samples, a surprising result given that the insectary colonies were putatively established at different times and from different source populations. These differences were evident across most data sets also after we filtered out contaminant DNA from the most common host species (Aspidiotus nerii Bouché and A. aurantii).CONCLUSIONWe hypothesize that this pattern would only result if: (i) directional selection for ‘captive’ phenotypes produces convergent patterns of genomic variation across insectaries; or (ii) the California insectary colonies were all founded from a unifying source population and/or that the insectaries regularly exchange ‘genetic’ stocks. We show that RADseq is an effective method to investigate the effects of mass rearing on genetics of biocontrol agents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionalized Nanomaterial Assembling and Biosynthesis Using the Extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Li Jiulong , Webster Thomas J. , Tian Bing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of functionalized nanomaterial biosynthesis processes is important to expand many cutting‐edge nanomaterial application areas. However, unclear synthesis mechanisms and low synthesis efficiency under various chemical stresses have limited the use of these biomaterials. Deinococcus radiodurans is an extreme bacterium well known for its exceptional resistance to radiation oxidants and electrophilic agents. This extremophile, which possesses a spontaneous self‐assembled surface‐layer (S‐layer), has been an optimal model organism to study microbial nanomaterial biotemplates and biosynthesis under various stresses. This review summarizes the S‐layers from D. radiodurans as an excellent biotemplate for various pre‐synthesized nanomaterials and multiple applications, and highlights recent progresses about the biosynthesis of functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as well as gold and silver bimetallic nanoparticles using D. radiodurans. Their formation mechanisms, properties, and applications are discussed and summarized to provide significant insights into the design or modification of functionalized nanomaterials via natural materials. Grand challenges and future directions to realize the multifunctional applications of these nanomaterials are highlighted for a better understanding of their biosynthesis mechanisms and functionalized modifications.
A compact index for order‐preserving pattern matching
Authors: Decaroli Gianni , Gagie Travis , Manzini Giovanni 
Published: March 2019

SummaryOrder‐preserving pattern matching has been introduced recently, but it has already attracted much attention. Given a reference sequence and a pattern, we want to locate all substrings of the reference sequence whose elements have the same relative order as the pattern elements. For this problem, we consider the offline version in which we build an index for the reference sequence so that subsequent searches can be completed very efficiently. We propose a space‐efficient index that works well in practice despite its lack of good worst‐case time bounds. Our solution is based on the new approach of decomposing the indexed sequence into an order component, containing ordering information, and a δ component, containing information on the absolute values. Experiments show that this approach is viable, is faster than the available alternatives, and is the first one offering simultaneously small space usage and fast retrieval.
Evaluating multi-loop Feynman integrals numerically through differential equations
Authors: Mandal Manoj K. , Zhao Xiaoran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe computation of Feynman integrals is often the bottleneck of multi-loop calculations. We propose and implement a new method to efficiently evaluate such integrals in the physical region through the numerical integration of a suitable set of differential equations, where the initial conditions are provided in the unphysical region via the sector decomposition method. We present numerical results for a set of two-loop integrals, where the non-planar ones complete the master integrals forgg→γγand$$ q\overline{q} $$qq¯→γγscattering mediated by the top quark.
Non-transitive Better than Relations and Rational Choice
Authors: Herlitz Anders 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper argues that decision problems and money-pump arguments should not be a deciding factor against accepting non-transitive better than relations. If the reasons to accept normative standpoints that entail a non-transitive better than relation are compelling enough, we ought to revise our decision method rather than the normative standpoints. The paper introduces the most common argument in favor of non-transitive better than relations. It then illustrates that there are different ways to reconceptualize rational choice so that rational choice is possible also when the relevant better than relation is non-transitive.
Calculation Accuracy and Efficiency of a Transient Model for Submerged Entry Nozzle Clogging
Authors: Barati H. , Wu M. , Kharicha A. , Ludwig A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A transient numerical model was proposed and validated by the current authors for nozzle clogging (Barati et al. in Powder Technol 329:181-98, 2018). The model can reproduce the experiment in pilot scale satisfactorily. In the present article, the main objective is to validate the model for application in industry process continuous casting of steel, referring to the model accuracy and calculation efficiency. The results have shown that for the complex geometry of submerged entry nozzle (SEN), where it is difficult to create hexahedron mesh in the entire domain, a mixed mesh type is recommended, i.e., the wedge mesh for regions adjacent to SEN walls and the tetrahedron mesh for inner regions. Another challenge to the calculation of real SEN clogging is the huge number of particles involved in the industry process. An artificial factor, the N-factor, has to be introduced to reduce the calculation cost. A dimensionless number (α) is defined to limit the N-factor and ensure the modeling accuracy. Simulation of a test case has indicated that by an appropriate N-factor (1000, corresponding to α = 6 × 10−5), the calculation time would be reduced significantly to a reasonable time.
Thermal hydraulic considerations of nuclear reactor systems: Past, present and future challenges
Authors: Yeoh Guan Heng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermal hydraulic analysis of nuclear reactor core and its associated systems can be performed using analysis system, subchannel or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to estimate the different thermal hydraulic safety margins. The safety margins and operating power limits under different conditions of the primary as well as secondary cooling system such as the system pressure, coolant inlet temperature, coolant flow rate, and thermal power and its distributions are considered as key parameters for thermal hydraulic analysis. Considering the complexity of rod bundle geometry, boiling heat transfer and different turbulent scales bring about the many challenges in performing the thermal hydraulic analysis to ensure the safe design and operation of nuclear reactor systems under normal and abnormal conditions. A comprehensive review is presented of past, present and future challenges in state-of-the-art thermal hydraulic analysis c overing various aspects of experimental, analytical and computational approaches.
Loneliness as a mediator for college students' social skills and experiences of depression and anxiety
Authors: Moeller Robert W. , Seehuus Martin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionRates of anxiety and depression are increasing among college undergraduates. Existing research has demonstrated a link between social skills and mental health outcomes. This study explores the relationship between verbal social skills (encoding and decoding) and anxiety and depression by measuring the extent to which loneliness mediates these relationships.MethodsBaseline data from a cross‐sequential study exploring college student mental health was used to analyze social skills, loneliness, as well as, depression and anxiety. A diverse group of students (n = 2,054; M = 19.95; SD = 1.26) participated from two residential colleges in the United States.ResultsSix mediation models were estimated, separately testing whether loneliness mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression and social expressiveness, sensitivity, and control. All six found that (a) anxiety and depression were separately predicted by the verbal encoding skills of social expressivity and social control and the decoding skill of social sensitivity, and (b) all of those relationships were mediated by loneliness. These models accounted for 37–38% of the variability in scores of depression and 17–20% of the variability in scores of anxiety.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate verbal social skills play an important role in students experience of loneliness as well as depression and anxiety. Improving the social skills of students should be considered by colleges seeking to reduce the mental health burdens experienced by their students.