bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Literacy and self-care among visually impaired people with type 1 diabetes in Denmark
Authors: Schwennesen N , Barghadouch A , Olesen K 
Published: July 2018

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate health literacy and self-care among visually impaired people with type 1 diabetes in Denmark. Methods Survey data from 1425 Danes with type 1 diabetes were categorised in two groups according to visual status: visually impaired ( n = 38) and sighted ( n = 1387). Using the Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale, health literacy and self-care activities were assessed. Visually impaired respondents were compared to sighted respondents using t-tests and chi-squared tests. Results Visually impaired people were older, had higher diabetes duration and were more likely to live alone. Also they had a significant lower level of health literacy on two key dimensions of health literacy (‘Ability to find good health information’ and ‘Understanding health information well enough to know what to do’), they monitored blood sugar less frequently than people that were sighted but had better self-care regarding feet examination. Conclusions Visually impaired people with type 1 diabetes are less able to find and understand health information than sighted people with type 1 diabetes. Our findings indicate need for interventions to promote better self-care and health literacy among visually impaired people with diabetes.
Rationale, design, and baseline participant characteristics in the MRI and cognitive substudy of the cardiovascular outcomes for people using anticoagulation strategies trial
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Hart Robert G , Smith Eric E , Bosch Jackie , Yuan Fei , Casanova Amparo , Eikelboom John W , Connolly Stuart J , Wong Gloria , Diaz Rafael , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Ertl Georg , Störk Stefan , Dagenais Gilles R , Lonn Eva M , Ryden Lars , Tonkin Andrew M , Varigos John D , Bhatt Deepak L , Branch Kelley RH , Probstfield Jeffrey L , Kim Jae-Hyung , Ha Jong-Won , O’Donnell Martin , Vinereanu Dragos , Fox Keith AA , Liang Yan , Liu Lisheng , Zhu Jun , Pogosova Nana , Maggioni Aldo P , Avezum Alvaro , Piegas Leopoldo S , Keltai Katalin , Keltai Matyas , Cook Bruns Nancy , Berkowitz Scott , Yusuf Salim 
Published: July 2018

Background Covert vascular disease of the brain manifests as infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, and microbleeds on MRI. Their cumulative effect is often a decline in cognition, motor impairment, and psychiatric disorders. Preventive therapies for covert brain ischemia have not been established but represent a huge unmet clinical need. Aims The MRI substudy examines the effects of the antithrombotic regimens in COMPASS on incident covert brain infarcts (the primary outcome), white matter hyperintensities, and cognitive and functional status in a sample of consenting COMPASS participants without contraindications to MRI. Methods COMPASS is a randomized superiority trial testing rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid plus acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg and rivaroxaban 5 mg bid against acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg per day for the combined endpoint of MI, stroke, and cardiovascular death in individuals with stable coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and FLAIR images were obtained close to randomization and near the termination of assigned antithrombotic therapy; biomarker and genetic samples at randomization and one month, and cognitive and functional assessment at randomization, after two years and at the end of study. Results Between March 2013 and May 2016, 1905 participants were recruited from 86 centers in 16 countries. Of these participants, 1760 underwent baseline MRI scans that were deemed technically adequate for interpretation. The mean age at entry of participants with interpretable MRI was 71 years and 23.5% were women. Coronary artery disease was present in 90.4% and 28.1% had peripheral artery disease. Brain infarcts were present in 34.8%, 29.3% had cerebral microbleeds, and 93.0% had white matter hyperintensities. The median Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 26 (interquartile range 23–28). Conclusions The COMPASS MRI substudy will examine the effect of the antithrombotic interventions on MRI-determined covert brain infarcts and cognition. Demonstration of a therapeutic effect of the antithrombotic regimens on brain infarcts would have implications for prevention of cognitive decline and provide insight into the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive decline.
Silent infarcts in sickle cell disease occur in the border zone region and are associated with low cerebral blood flow
Authors: Ford Andria L. , Ragan Dustin K. , Fellah Slim , Binkley Michael M. , Fields Melanie E. , Guilliams Kristin P. , An Hongyu , Jordan Lori C. , McKinstry Robert C. , Lee Jin-Moo , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: July 2018

Key PointsThe SCI density map revealed key SCI locations in the deep white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes. Peak SCI density occurs in the region of nadir cerebral blood flow.
Hippo component YAP promotes focal adhesion and tumour aggressiveness via transcriptionally activating THBS1/FAK signalling in breast cancer
Authors: Shen Jie , Cao Beibei , Wang Yatao , Ma Chenshen , Zeng Zhuo , Liu Liang , Li Xiaolan , Tao Deding , Gong Jianping , Xie Daxing 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
Focal adhesion plays an essential role in tumour invasiveness and metastasis. Hippo component YAP has been widely reported to be involved in many aspects of tumour biology. However, its role in focal adhesion regulation in breast cancer remains unexplored.

Methods
Tissue microarray was used to evaluate YAP expression in clinical breast cancer specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Cell migration and invasion abilities were measured by Transwell assay. A cell adhesion assay was used to measure the ability of cell adhesion to gelatin. The focal adhesion was visualized through immunofluorescence. Phosphorylated FAK and other proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. Gene expression profiling was used to screen differently expressed genes, and gene ontology enrichment was performed using DAVID software. The gene mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The activity of the THBS1-promoter was evaluated by dual luciferase assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to verify whether YAP could bind to the THBS1-promoter region. The prediction of potential protein-interaction was performed with the String program. The ChIP sequence data of TEAD was obtained from the ENCODE database and analysed via the ChIP-seek tool. The gene expression dataset (GSE30480) of purified tumour cells from primary breast tumour tissues and metastatic lymph nodes was used in the gene set enrichment analysis. Prognostic analysis of the TCGA dataset was performed by the SurvExpress program. Gene expression correlation of the TCGA dataset was analysed via R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform.

Results
Our study provides evidence that YAP acts as a promoter of focal adhesion and tumour invasiveness via regulating FAK phosphorylation in breast cancer. Further experiments reveal that YAP could induce FAK phosphorylation through a TEAD-dependent manner. Using gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis, we identify the FAK upstream gene, thrombospondin 1, as a direct transcriptional target of YAP-TEAD. Silencing THBS1 could reverse the YAP-induced FAK activation and focal adhesion.

Conclusion
Our results unveil a new signal axis, YAP/THBS1/FAK, in the modulation of cell adhesion and invasiveness, and provides new insights into the crosstalk between Hippo signalling and focal adhesion.
Li-Fi based on security cloud framework for future IT environment
Authors: Sharma Pradip Kumar , Ryu Jung Hyun , Park Kyung Yeob , Park Jin Ho , Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the new era of the Internet of Things (IoT), all information related to the environment, things and humans is connected to networks. Humans, too, can be considered an integral part of the IoT ecosystem. The growing human-centricity of IoT applications raises the need greater dynamicity, heterogeneity, and scalability in future IoT systems. Recently, the IoT and cloud computing have both evolved as emerging technologies and have already become part of our daily life. The complementary features of the IoT and cloud are forming a new IT paradigm to meet current and future requirements. Due to the increased demand for and volume of IoT data, it has become a critical challenge to transfer data from the edge of the network to computing data centers due to the limitations of network bandwidth and higher latency delay. The emergence of the new paradigm of computing in the cloud computing architecture has made it necessary to overcome the inherent limitations of cloud computing, such as location awareness, scalability, energy efficiency, mobility, bandwidth bottlenecks, and latency delay. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient hybrid cloud architecture framework coupled with Li-Fi communication for a human-centric IoT network. It also introduces the architecture of the local cloud to reduce the latency delay and bandwidth cost and to improve efficiency, security, reliability and availability. Finally, the paper discusses the communication modulation schemes in the Li-Fi technique and presents scenarios involving the application of the proposed model in the real world.
Risk factors for interpersonal violence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses
Authors: Fazel Seena , Smith E. Naomi , Chang Zheng , Geddes John Richard 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundInterpersonal violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality of the research evidence is not known.AimsWe aimed to examine the strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality and reproducibility of the research evidence.MethodWe conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of risk factors for interpersonal violence. A systematic search was conducted to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses in general population samples. Effect sizes were extracted, converted into odds ratios and synthesised, and population attributable risk fractions (PAF) were calculated. Quality analyses were performed, including of small study effects, adjustment for confounders and heterogeneity. Secondary analyses for aggression, intimate partner violence and homicide were conducted, and systematic reviews (without meta-analyses) were summarised.ResultsWe identified 22 meta-analyses reporting on risk factors for interpersonal violence. Neuropsychiatric disorders were among the strongest in relative and absolute terms. The neuropsychiatric risk factor that had the largest effect at a population level were substance use disorders, with a PAF of 14.8% (95% CI 9.0–21.6%), and the most important historical factor was witnessing or being a victim of violence in childhood (PAF = 12.2%, 95% CI 6.5–17.4%). There was evidence of small study effects and large heterogeneity.ConclusionsNational strategies for the prevention of interpersonal violence may need to review policies concerning the identification and treatment of modifiable risk factors.Declarations of interestJ.R.G. is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed within this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Palliation or Prolongation? The Impact of a Peer-Review Intervention on Shortening Radiotherapy Schedules for Bone Metastases
Authors: Walker Gary V. , Shirvani Shervin M. , Borghero Yerko , Callister Matthew D. , Chamberlain Daniel D. , Grade Emily J. , Khan Mohamed K. , Kumar Rachit , Richmond Jeffrey G. , Roberts Terence J. , Likhacheva Anna O. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Shorter fractionation radiation regimens for palliation of bone metastases result in lower financial and social costs for patients and their caregivers and have similar efficacy as longer fractionation schedules, although practice patterns in the United States show poor adoption. We investigated whether prospective peer review can increase use of shorter fractionation schedules. Methods: In June 2016, our practice mandated peer review of total dose and fractionation for all patients receiving palliative treatment during our weekly chart rounds. We used descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test to compare lengths of treatment of uncomplicated bone metastases before and after implementation of the peer review process. Results: Between July 2015 and December 2016, a total of 242 palliative treatment courses were delivered, including 105 courses before the peer review intervention and 137 after the intervention. We observed greater adoption of shorter fractionation regimens after the intervention. The use of 8 Gy in one fraction increased from 2.8% to 13.9% of cases postadoption. Likewise, the use of 20 Gy in five fractions increased from 25.7% to 32.8%. The use of 30 Gy in 10 fractions decreased from 55.2% to 47.4% ( P = .002), and the use of ≥ 11 fractions decreased from 16.2% before the intervention to 5.8% after ( P = .006). Conclusion: Prospective peer review of palliative regimens for bone metastases can lead to greater adoption of shorter palliative fractionation schedules in daily practice, in accordance with national guidelines. This simple intervention may therefore benefit patients and their caregivers as well as provide value to the health care system.
Cancer modeling by Transgene Electroporation in Adult Zebrafish (TEAZ)
Authors: Callahan Scott J. , Tepan Stephanie , Zhang Yan M. , Lindsay Helen , Burger Alexa , Campbell Nathaniel R. , Kim Isabella S. , Hollmann Travis J. , Studer Lorenz , Mosimann Christian , White Richard M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Transgenic animals are invaluable for modeling cancer genomics, but often require complex crosses of multiple germline alleles to obtain the desired combinations. Zebrafish models have advantages in that transgenes can be rapidly tested by mosaic expression, but typically lack spatial and temporal control of tumor onset, which limits their utility for the study of tumor progression and metastasis. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a method referred to as Transgene Electroporation in Adult Zebrafish (TEAZ). TEAZ can deliver DNA constructs with promoter elements of interest to drive fluorophores, oncogenes or CRISPR-Cas9-based mutagenic cassettes in specific cell types. Using TEAZ, we created a highly aggressive melanoma model via Cas9-mediated inactivation of Rb1 in the context of BRAFV600E in spatially constrained melanocytes. Unlike prior models that take ∼4 months to develop, we found that TEAZ leads to tumor onset in ∼7 weeks, and these tumors develop in fully immunocompetent animals. As the resulting tumors initiated at highly defined locations, we could track their progression via fluorescence, and documented deep invasion into tissues and metastatic deposits. TEAZ can be deployed to other tissues and cell types, such as the heart, with the use of suitable transgenic promoters. The versatility of TEAZ makes it widely accessible for rapid modeling of somatic gene alterations and cancer progression at a scale not achievable in other in vivo systems.
A hundred years of rabies in Kenya and the strategy for eliminating dog-mediated rabies by 2030
Authors: Bitek Austine O , Osoro Eric , Munyua Peninah M , Nanyingi Mark , Muthiani Yvonne , Kiambi Stella , Muturi Mathew , Mwatondo Athman , Muriithi Rees , Cleaveland Sarah , Hampson Katie , Njenga M. Kariuki , Kitala PM , Thumbi SM 
Published: July 2018

Background: Rabies causes an estimated 59,000 human deaths annually. In Kenya, rabies was first reported in a dog in 1912, with the first human case reported in 1928. Here we examine retrospective rabies data in Kenya for the period 1912 – 2017 and describe the spatial and temporal patterns of rabies occurrence in the country. Additionally, we detail Kenya’s strategy for the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies by 2030. Methods: Data on submitted samples and confirmed cases in humans, domestic animals and wildlife were obtained from Kenya’s Directorate of Veterinary Services. These data were associated with the geographical regions where the samples originated, and temporal and spatial trends examined. Results: Between 1912 and the mid 1970’s, rabies spread across Kenya gradually, with fewer than 50 cases reported per year and less than half of the 47 counties affected. Following an outbreak in the mid 1970’s, rabies spread rapidly to more than 85% of counties, with a 4 fold increase in the percent positivity of samples submitted and number of confirmed rabies cases. Since 1958, 7,584 samples from domestic animals (93%), wildlife (5%), and humans (2%) were tested. Over two-thirds of all rabies cases came from six counties, all in close proximity to veterinary diagnostic laboratories, highlighting a limitation of passive surveillance. Conclusions: Compulsory annual dog vaccinations between 1950’s and the early 1970’s slowed rabies spread. The rapid spread with peak rabies cases in the 1980’s coincided with implementation of structural adjustment programs privatizing the veterinary sector leading to breakdown of rabies control programs. To eliminate human deaths from rabies by 2030, Kenya is implementing a 15-year step-wise strategy based on three pillars: a) mass dog vaccination, b) provision of post-exposure prophylaxis and public awareness and c) improved surveillance for rabies in dogs and humans with prompt responses to rabies outbreaks.
An update on discoloured teeth and bleaching part 1: the aetiology and diagnosis of discoloured teeth
Authors: Dubal Raj , Porter Richard WJ 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: A variety of bleaching materials and techniques are available across the dental market, and these are being used by the profession as a conservative approach to improving the appearance of discoloured teeth. The array of materials available and misunderstandings around the legality of their use has complicated the practitioner's approach to making an informed choice regarding dental bleaching. This article aims to provide an overview of the common causes of dental discoloration and presents a simple approach to diagnosing potential causes of discoloured teeth. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A sound and systematic approach to understanding and diagnosing causes of dental discoloration are fundamental in ensuring the correct management approach and treatment outcome. This is key to ensuring that patients are not over-treated and receive appropriate, safe and effective treatment.
Gagging – bringing up an old problem part 1: aetiology and diagnosis
Authors: Murchie Bryan Daniel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Gagging is a problem which has plagued dentists and other members of the dental team, including non-dental colleagues, during the course of their careers. Gagging not only has the potential to slow down the progression of the patient's treatment, but it can often lead to the development of dental fear, anxiety and future avoidance of their scheduled appointments; much to the frustration of both parties. Subsequently, dentists may consider what went wrong with their initial approach and whether anything could have been done differently. However, the gag reflex, particularly when severe, is normally beyond the scope of simple reflective exercises, as this response may just be the tip of a very large psychological iceberg and, as deceptive as it seems, the dentist possibly never stood a fighting chance on his/her own. The first part of this two-part series aims to explore the aetiology and diagnosing the severity of the condition. The second part of the series will focus on the various management approaches which can be taken to overcome this physiological response successfully. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Gagging patients are a common occurrence within both general practice and hospital settings. It is important that clinicians are able to identify and categorize patients suffering from this condition correctly at an early stage, before clinical examination, or they will risk exacerbating dental fear and anxiety.
Combined endodontic-surgical management of a palato-gingival groove in a maxillary lateral incisor with two canals
Authors: Sakkir Nasil , Asifulla Mohamed , Thaha Khaleel Ahamed , Francis Tony 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Maxillary lateral incisors often exhibit embryological variations and developmental anomalies. The palato-gingival groove (PGG) is a rare anomaly that can pose difficulties in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Its presence can predispose to localized periodontal involvement, pulpal necrosis and combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. This case report describes the combined endodontic and surgical management of a complex type of palato-gingival groove in a maxillary right lateral incisor with two canals which was diagnosed with the help of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and successfully managed using advanced bioactive materials. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be familiar with the diagnosis and treatment planning in cases with a palato-gingival groove. Complex cases require combined endodontic and periodontal therapy. Autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a simple and cost-effective healing aid which helps in the regeneration of attachment apparatus.
Achievement Motivation Analysis of Outstanding Students in Learning Writing at Primary Schools
Authors: Kholisiyah Ruksah Nur , Rukayah Rukayah , Indriayu Mintasih 
Published: July 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">This study aims to describe achievement motivation on outstanding students in learning to write at the fifth grade primary schools students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Subjects in this study were 18 achieving students. The data were collected through questionnaire, interview and observation. Analytical techniques used are interactive analysis consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the achievement motivation on outstanding students in learning writing is good, this happens because of several factors that support outstanding students in learning writing have good achievement motivation. There are factors of individuals (intern) and environmental factors (external), an individual factor which consists of 1) the competence of students; 2) belief to succeed, while environmental factors consists of 1) the competitive situation; 2) support from parents, 3) schools, including how to teach teachers.</p>