bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐effect loci affect survival in Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) infected with a transmissible cancer
Authors: Margres Mark J. , Jones Menna E. , Epstein Brendan , Kerlin Douglas H. , Comte Sebastien , Fox Samantha , Fraik Alexandra K. , Hendricks Sarah A. , Huxtable Stewart , Lachish Shelly , Lazenby Billie , O'Rourke Sean M. , Stahlke Amanda R. , Wiench Cody G. , Hamede Rodrigo , Schönfeld Barbara , McCallum Hamish , Miller Michael R. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Storfer Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIdentifying the genetic architecture of complex phenotypes is a central goal of modern biology, particularly for disease‐related traits. Genome‐wide association methods are a classical approach for identifying the genomic basis of variation in disease phenotypes, but such analyses are particularly challenging in natural populations due to sample size difficulties. Extensive mark–recapture data, strong linkage disequilibrium and a lethal transmissible cancer make the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) an ideal model for such an association study. We used a RAD‐capture approach to genotype 624 devils at ~16,000 loci and then used association analyses to assess the heritability of three cancer‐related phenotypes: infection case–control (where cases were infected devils and controls were devils that were never infected), age of first infection and survival following infection. The SNP array explained much of the phenotypic variance for female survival (>80%) and female case–control (>61%). We found that a few large‐effect SNPs explained much of the variance for female survival (~5 SNPs explained >61% of the total variance), whereas more SNPs (~56) of smaller effect explained less of the variance for female case–control (~23% of the total variance). By contrast, these same SNPs did not account for a significant proportion of phenotypic variance in males, suggesting that the genetic bases of these traits and/or selection differ across sexes. Loci involved with cell adhesion and cell‐cycle regulation underlay trait variation, suggesting that the devil immune system is rapidly evolving to recognize and potentially suppress cancer growth through these pathways. Overall, our study provided necessary data for genomics‐based conservation and management in Tasmanian devils.
Impact of donor lung pathogenic bacteria on patient outcomes in the immediate post‐transplant period
Authors: Ahmad Omar , Shafii Alexis E. , Mannino David M. , Choate Radmila , Baz Maher A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient outcomes post‐lung transplant remain inferior to other types of solid organ transplantation. We investigated whether the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) in donor lung bronchial cultures was associated with adverse outcomes postoperatively.MethodsAll patients who underwent lung transplantation between August 2015 and April 2017 at the University of Kentucky Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Retransplants, patients with bronchiectasis (including cystic fibrosis), and individuals who received organs from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors were excluded. The remaining subjects were separated into two groups: individuals whose donor bronchial cultures grew PPB, and those whose cultures either returned negative for PPB or were sterile. 30‐day mortality rates as well as the incidence of grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) at both 24 and 72 hours post‐transplant were calculated. The duration of mechanical ventilation postoperatively was also recorded.ResultsThirty two subjects comprised the study population. 20 patients (63%) had growth of PPB on donor cultures, while 12 (37%) did not. Patients with PPB had a significantly greater number of days on the ventilator postoperatively compared to those with no PPB (mean = 11.3 and median = 5.0 vs mean = 5.8 and median = 3.0, respectively, P = 0.0232). Subsequent regression analysis revealed this association to not be influenced by recipient lung allocation score (LAS), donor age, donor smoking history, recipient mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) value, and/or use of cardiopulmonary bypass at the time of transplantation. Neither 30‐day survival nor incidence of Grade 3 PGD and AKI at 24 or 72 hours post‐transplant differed between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe recovery of PPB in donor lung cultures was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation postoperatively in lung transplant recipients.
Transfusion of leukoreduced blood products and risk of antibody‐mediated rejection of renal allografts
Authors: Bynum Jennifer P. , Zachary Andrea , Ness Paul M. , Luo Xun , Bagnasco Serena , King Karen E. , Segev Dorry L. , Orandi Babak J. , Warren Daniel S. , Fuller Alice , Ciappi Ana , Montgomery Robert , Tobian Aaron A.R. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDAntibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is a major barrier to the long‐term function of renal allografts. White blood cells, which may be present in red blood cell (RBC) units, and platelets (PLTs) express HLA antigens that may increase the risk of AMR by inducing or increasing humoral sensitization to HLA.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective cohort study of HLA‐incompatible (HLAi) renal transplant recipients between 2004 and 2015 was conducted. Data on apheresis PLT and leukoreduced RBC transfusions within 4 weeks of transplantation, demographic information, and biopsy‐proven AMR were collected from medical records and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Patients were evaluated until they showed evidence of AMR or until 1 year posttransplant, whichever came first. Multivariable analysis with Cox modeling was performed.RESULTSOf 244 individuals, 182 (74.6%) received RBCs and 20 (8.2%) of those also received PLTs. During the first year posttransplant, 97 (39.8%) had AMR. RBC‐alone or RBC and PLT transfusions were not associated with increased risk of AMR after adjustment for panel‐reactive antibody, years on dialysis, HLA antibody strength, and number of therapeutic plasma exchange treatments (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.59‐1.69; and adjHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.28‐1.68, respectively). For each 1‐unit increase in RBC transfusions, there was no association with AMR (adjHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85‐1.05). Only HLA antibody strength before transplantation was associated with AMR (adjHR 2.23, 95% CI 1.10‐4.52; cytotoxic crossmatch compared to crossmatch negative but detectable donor‐specific HLA antibodies).CONCLUSIONSPatients who receive an HLAi transplant who are transfused with leukoreduced RBCs or PLTs in the peritransplant period are at no higher risk of AMR than nontransfused patients.
Organisation and delivery of liaison psychiatry services in general hospitals in England: results of a national survey
Authors: Walker Andrew , Barrett Jessica Rose , Lee William , West Robert M , Guthrie Elspeth , Trigwell Peter , Quirk Alan , Crawford Mike J , House Allan 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo describe the current provision of hospital-based liaison psychiatry services in England, and to determine different models of liaison service that are currently operating in England.DesignCross-sectional observational study comprising an electronic survey followed by targeted telephone interviews.SettingAll 179 acute hospitals with an emergency department in England.Participants168 hospitals that had a liaison psychiatry service completed an electronic survey. Telephone interviews were conducted for 57 hospitals that reported specialist liaison services additional to provision for acute care.MeasuresData included the location, service structures and staffing, working practices, relations with other mental health service providers, policies such as response times and funding. Model 2-based clustering was used to characterise the services. Telephone interviews identified the range of additional liaison psychiatry services provided.ResultsMost hospitals (141, 79%) reported a 7-day service responding to acute referrals from the emergency department and wards. However, under half of hospitals had 24 hours access to the service (78, 44%). One-third of hospitals (57, 32%) provided non-acute liaison work including outpatient clinics and links to specialist hospital services. 156 hospitals (87%) had a multidisciplinary service including a psychiatrist and mental health nurses. We derived a four-cluster model of liaison psychiatry using variables resulting from the electronic survey; the salient features of clusters were staffing numbers, especially nursing; provision of rapid response 24 hours 7-day acute services; offering outpatient and other non-acute work, and containing age-specific teams for older adults.ConclusionsThis is the most comprehensive study to date of liaison psychiatry in England and demonstrates the wide availability of such services nationally. Although all services provide an acute assessment function, there is no uniformity about hours of coverage or expectation of response times. Most services were better characterised by the model we developed than by current classification systems for liaison psychiatry.
The Provisional Government: A Centennial View
Authors: Orlovsky Daniel 
Published: September 2018

D. Orlovsky aims to establish the unique qualities of 1917 and the importance of the Provisional Government project. He reviews briefly the treatment of the power question and the PG in the fiftieth and eightieth anniversaries in the West. He proposes a three pronged approach for study of the PG- 1.) as an administrative/bureaucratic operational governing entity; 2.) as a political clearing house for the principal actors and leaders of the major political parties and the programs of those parties and finally, 3.) as a social entity, home of the social movement of lower middle strata occupational, proto-professional and professional groups. Finally, he argues that we take seriously both the “failed” institutions, the Democratic Conference and the Council of the Republic and the alternative of an all socialist government proposed by Martov and other Mensheviks in the endgame of the Revolution during September and October of 1917.
Preoperative Mental Health Score and Postoperative Outcome After Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Lai Sean Wei Hong , Tang Camelia Qian Ying , Graetz Arjunan Edward Kumanan , Thevendran Gowreeson 
Published: September 2018

Background: Preoperative mental health status as a predictor of operative outcome has been a growing area of interest. In this paper, the correlation between preoperative mental health status and postoperative functional outcome following scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus correction was explored. Methods: Parameters were tabulated preoperatively and postoperatively at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. They included the Short Form 36 (SF-36), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score, hallux valgus angle (HVA), and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) measurements and the visual analog score (VAS) to quantify pain. SF-36 mental component summary (MCS) score was used as a surrogate for patient’s mental health status. Seventy-six consecutive cases were analyzed at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Results: There were significant improvements in all 8 domains of the SF-36, with the mean MCS score increasing from 52.3 ± 7.6 preoperatively to 55.7 ± 6.8 postoperatively. Preoperative MCS scores were not correlated to changes in AOFAS score, PCS score, VAS pain score, HVA or IMA. Preoperative MCS was observed to be correlated to postoperative AOFAS ( r = 0.381, P = .001) and PCS score ( r = 0.315, P = .006). Patients with a preoperative MCS score ⩾50 had a statistically higher postoperative AOFAS and PCS score than patients with MCS score <50. There was no correlation between preoperative MCS scores and improvements in radiologic parameters. There was also no correlation between the improvements in radiologic parameters and improvements in both the AOFAS and VAS pain scores. Conclusion: Preoperative mental health (as measured by the MCS score) was only correlated to postoperative functional outcome (as measured by the postoperative AOFAS and PCS score), but not other postoperative outcomes (VAS pain score, radiologic parameters). Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Evaluation of the prescribing patterns, adverse effects, and drug interactions of oral chemotherapy agents in an outpatient cancer center
Authors: Solomon Jenna M , Ajewole Veronica B , Schneider Amy M , Sharma Manvi , Bernicker Eric H 
Published: September 2018

Purpose Although oral chemotherapy offers advantages over intravenous chemotherapy, it creates a unique set of challenges. Potential barriers include treatment complexity, patient responsibility for medication adherence and monitoring, reduced healthcare contact, and increased financial burden. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of drug-related problems among a sample of patients treated with oral chemotherapy agents. Methods A single-center, retrospective chart review was conducted on patients prescribed oral chemotherapy at our institution between 1 January 2017 and 31 August 2017. The primary endpoint was the incidence of drug-related toxicities within 90 days of starting treatment. Secondary endpoints included incidence of drug–drug interactions, proportion of patients receiving medication education by a clinical pharmacist, and quantification of issues related to medication access. Results Charts of 100 patients were reviewed. Median time to oral chemotherapy receipt by the patient from the day the order was written was eight days. Prior to initiating therapy, 27% of patients received education by a clinical pharmacist. Toxicity checks were conducted by the provider at 30, 60, and 90 days for 80%, 65%, and 48% of patients, respectively. Treatment-related toxicities secondary to oral chemotherapy were reported by 79% of patients, with 55% classified as severe. Potential drug interactions were in 55% of the patients. Conclusion Data from this study have highlighted avenues for pharmacists to make an impact on patients newly started on oral chemotherapy. Opportunities exist to increase patient education, ensure appropriate follow-up, and assess adherence while preventing and managing treatment-related toxicities.
The role of vitamin D in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Archontogeorgis Kostas , Nena Evangelia , Papanas Nikolaos , Steiropoulos Paschalis 
Published: September 2018

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder of multifactorial pathogenesis and is associated with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with an important function in calcium absorption and homeostasis, which is also implicated in several nonskeletal conditions. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide and is associated with similar metabolic disturbances to OSAS. Moreover, recent data suggest that in OSAS patients serum levels of vitamin D are lower compared with non-apnoeic subjects. However, the mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency and OSAS are not completely understood and several hypotheses have been advanced. To date, a limited number of studies have assessed the association between lower serum concentrations of vitamin D and OSAS, and have reported inconsistent results. Similarly, contradictory results have been produced by studies which evaluated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on serum vitamin D levels. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the association between OSAS and vitamin D levels.Key pointsVitamin D insufficiency prevalence is increasing worldwide and presents with similar comorbidities and risk factors to OSAS.The nonskeletal actions of vitamin D may contribute to the development of OSAS through immune system modulation, myopathy and inflammation.Studies evaluating serum vitamin D concentrations in OSAS patients and the effect of CPAP treatment report contradictory results, often influenced by confounding factors, such as obesity.There appears to be potential for use of vitamin D supplementation in OSAS patients as a means of reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, a comorbidity common in both conditions.Educational aimsTo assess the potential association between OSAS and serum levels of vitamin D.To discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms linking OSAS and vitamin D insufficiency.To illustrate the effect of CPAP treatment on vitamin D concentration in OSAS patients.
Is there room for further innovation in inhaled therapy for airways disease?
Authors: Biddiscombe Martyn F. , Usmani Omar S. 
Published: September 2018

Inhaled medication is the cornerstone in the treatment of patients across a spectrum of respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The benefits of inhaled therapy have long been recognised but the most important innovations have occurred over the past 60 years, beginning with the invention of the pressurised metered dose inhaler. However, despite over 230 different device and drug combinations currently being available, disease control is far from perfect.Here we look at how innovation in inhaler design may improve treatments for respiratory diseases and how new formulations may lead to treatments for diseases beyond the lungs. We look at the three main areas where innovation in inhaled therapy is most likely to occur: 1) device engineering and design; 2) chemistry and formulations; and 3) digital technology associated with inhalers. Inhaler design has improved significantly but considerable challenges still remain in order to continually innovate and improve targeted drug delivery to the lungs. Healthcare professionals want see innovations that motivate their patients to achieve their goal of improving their health, through better adherence to treatment. Patients want devices that are easy to use and to see that their efforts are rewarded by improvements in their condition.Key pointsThe dictionary definition of innovation is the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something. We show how this definition can be applied to inhaled therapy.We take a look at the past to see what drove innovation in inhaler design and how this has led to the current devices.We look at the current drivers of innovation in engineering, chemistry and digital technology and predict how this may translate to new devices.Can innovation help the healthcare professional manage their patients better?What does the patient expect from innovation in their device?Educational aimsTo understand the importance of inhaled medication in the treatment of lung diseases.To understand how innovation has helped advance some of the devices patients use today from basic and inefficient designs.To understand the obstacles that prevent patients from receiving optimal treatment from their inhalers.To understand how innovation in inhaler design can lead to improved treatment for patients and widen the range of diseases that can be treatedviathe inhaled route.
Structure of the solubility diagram in the Na2SO4-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-H2O system at 0, 25 and 50 °С
Authors: Soliev L. , Jumaev M. T. , Turaev R. O. , Makhmadov H. R. , Dzabborov B. B. 
Published: September 2018

The solubilities in invariant points of Na2SO4-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-H2O system were investigated at 0, 25 and 50 °С. The phase equilibria in the said system were discussed, and phase diagrams at given temperatures were constructed.
Logam Berat Kerang Totok (Geloina erosa) di Timur Segara Anakan dan Barat Sungai Donan, Cilacap
Authors: Irawati Yeni , Lumbanbatu Djamar T.F , Sulistiono Sulistiono 
Published: September 2018

<p>Aktivitas industri di perairan Segara Anakan dan Sungai Donan dapat menghasilkan limbah berupa logam berat, yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis residu logam berat Pb, Hg, Cu dan Cd pada daging kerang totok (<em>Geloina erosa</em>) yang diambil dari 2 stasiun, melihat hubungan bobot total kerang dengan residu logam berat dalam daging kerang dan menetapkan batas aman konsumsi daging kerang bagi masyarakat. Pengukuran kandungan logam berat dilakukan menggunakan AAS (<em>Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer</em>). Hasil pengukuran residu logam Pb, Hg, Cu dan Cd dalam daging kerang totok yaitu 0,005-0,145 mg/kg, &lt;0,002 mg/kg, 0,209-2.374 mg/kg, dan 0,0050,152 mg/kg yang mengindikasikan bahwa residu logam berat dalam<br />daging dibawah ambang batas yang telah ditetapkan. Hubungan bobot total<br />kerang dengan residu logam berat dalam daging ialah negatif. Hasil perhitungan batas maksimum konsumsi kerang totok yaitu 5,3-228,8 g/minggu (dewasa) dan 1,6-68,6 g/minggu (anak-anak).</p><p> </p>
RADIATION DIAGNOSIS OF RARE FORMS OF RESPIRATORY ORGAN SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Speranskaya A. A. , Baranova O. P. , Vasilyeva M. A. , Amosov I. V. 
Published: September 2018

Objective: to evaluate the clinical and radiological features of rare forms of sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs (SRO).Material and methods. In 2006 to 2016, the Research Institute of Interstitial and Orphan Lung Diseases followed up 599 patients with sarcoidosis. 36 patients (6.0%) of them had atypical clinical and radiation manifestations that did not correspond to the traditional radiation pattern and the existing X-ray classification of SRO. Stages 2, 3, and 4 pulmonary sarcoidosis was diagnosed in 26, 7, and 3 patients, respectively. The patients’ mean age was 38.2±7.4 years (the female/male ratio was 26:10). All the patients underwent traditional X-ray studies (radiography in two projections), high-resolution computed tomography (CT), complex external respiratory function examination, and echocardiography.Results. Analysis of the results of radiation examinations revealed the following rare forms of SRO: interstitial edematous, fibrous, and cavitary ones that had recognizable CT patterns. Each of these forms had clinical and functional features. In single cases, the CT pattern combined the features incompatible with the generally accepted classification (Stages 1 and 4 SRO); this was an offstage form. The features of the radiation pattern and clinical course required the differential diagnosis of these patients with more severe diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lymphogenic carcinomatosis, pulmonary edema, diffuse connective tissue diseases, pneumoconiosis, mycobacteriosis, and exogenous allergic alveolitis) and morphological verification.Conclusion. The accumulation of experience with clinical and radiological examination of patients with SRO revealed its rare forms that are difficult to diagnose and necessitate the development of new approaches to therapy policy.