bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police interactions and interventions with suspects flagged as experiencing mental health problems
Authors: Kane Eddie , Evans Emily , Mitsch Jurgen , Jilani Tahseen , Quinlan Philip , Cattell Jack , Khalifa Najat 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundInteractions between individuals experiencing mental health (MH) problems and the police are complex, and effectiveness of innovative support and diversion models in England and Wales not yet fully evaluated.Aims/hypothesesOur aims were to examine police interactions with suspects and to measure the immediate effectiveness of police/NHS MH interventions, including liaison and diversion and embedded staff in police contact and control rooms. We hypothesised that those with an MH flag would have significantly greater benefit from such interventions than those without in terms of how far they are taken down the criminal justice pathway and how long they spend in police custody.MethodsWe examined police interactions with suspects with and without flagged MH problems in relation to key outcome measures over a 15‐month period, overall or when flagged by nurses alone. ‘MH flagging’ is defined as the presence of a marker on police systems, including both historical and current information, that alerts control room staff and response officers that the call may involve an individual/s with MH problems. Serial cross‐sectional analysis of material from a database of individual cases integrating information from three police sources (N = 13,472) was used to test for associations between ‘mental health flagging’ and outcomes.ResultsIndividuals with an MH flag have almost identical police dispatch response profiles to those without; they were arrested for and charged with similar offences. Those with an MH flag were significantly more likely to be charged with a criminal offence, less likely to receive a caution and spent longer periods in police custody than people under similar accusations but no MH flag.ConclusionsMH flagging appeared to disadvantage the people flagged, despite the presence of theoretically appropriate interventions. Further research is needed to understand this. It may be that indicating this form of vulnerability if the person is not judged to qualify for a MH service is discriminatory and may even account for excessive rates of mental disorder among prisoners.
Permanent His‐Bundle pacing in a patient with advanced conduction system disease: What is the mechanism of QRS narrowing?
Authors: Verma Nishant , Knight Bradley P. 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageQRS narrowing during permanent His‐bundle pacing is primarily thought to result from longitudinal dissociation within the His bundle. We present a case with an alternative mechanism, highlighting the likelihood that there are actually multiple explanations for this phenomenon. In addition, this case highlights the utility of His‐bundle pacing even in the face of a wide QRS.
Giant liver tumor causing dyspnea upon exertion
Authors: Machairas Nikolaos , Garoufalia Zoe , Sotiropoulos Georgios C. 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageAsymptomatic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm should always raise suspicion of a silent hepatic tumor. Prompt multimodality imaging plays a critical role in the identification of this entity; high clinical suspicion is the key element for diagnosis of a possible hepatic tumor.
Mechanism of the Dehydrogenative Phenothiazination of Phenols
Authors: Goswami Monalisa , Konkel Alexander , Rahimi Maryam , Louillat‐Habermeyer Marie‐Laure , Kelm Harald , Jin Rongwei , de Bruin Bas , Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe straightforward capture of oxidized phenothiazines with phenols under aerobic conditions represents a unique cross‐dehydrogenative C−N bond‐forming reaction in terms of operational simplicity. The mechanism of this cross‐dehydrogenative N‐arylation of phenothiazines with phenols has been the object of debate, particularly regarding the order in which the substrates are oxidized and their potentially radical or cationic nature. Understanding the selective reactivity of phenols for oxidized phenothiazines is one of the key objectives of this study. The reaction mechanism is investigated in detail by utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, radical trap experiments, kinetic isotope effects, and solvent effects. Finally, the key reaction steps are calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) and broken‐symmetry open‐shell singlet DFT methods to unravel a unique biradical mechanism for the oxidative phenothiazination of phenols.
Direct Immunoassay for Facile and Sensitive Detection of Small Molecule Aflatoxin B1 based on Nanobody
Authors: Pan Deng , Li Guanghui , Hu Huizhen , Xue Huaijia , Zhang Mingming , Zhu Min , Gong Xue , Zhang Yuanjian , Wan Yakun , Shen Yanfei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most toxic mycotoxins, is classified as a group I carcinogen and ubiquitous in various foods and agriproducts. Thus, accurate and sensitive determination of AFB1 is of great significance to meet the criteria of food safety. Direct detection of AFB1 is difficult by monoclonal antibody (mAb) with large molecular size (≈150 kD) since the target is too small to produce a detectable signal change. Herein, by combining the electrochemical properties of nanomaterials and the advantages of nanobodies, we developed a direct, highly selective and sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for small molecule detection. The proposed immunosensor had a wide calibration range of 0.01 to 100 ng mL−1 and a low detection limit of 3.3 pg mL−1 (S/N=3). Compared with the immunosensor prepared with mAb which was applied in the typical indirect immunoassay, the immunosensor in this work possessed two orders of magnitudes wider linear range and 10‐fold more sensitivity. The as‐obtained immunosensor was further successfully applied for sensing AFB1 in real samples. This proposed assay would provide a simple, highly sensitive and selective approach for the direct immunoassay of small molecule AFB1, and is extendable to the development of direct immunosensing systems for other small molecules detection by coupling nanocarbon and nanobody.
Synthesis of Chlorotrifluoromethylated Pyrrolidines by Electrocatalytic Radical Ene‐Yne Cyclization
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Song Zhidong , Sauer Gregory S. , Harenberg Johannes H. , Fu Niankai , Lin Song 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of chlorotrifluoromethylated pyrrolidines was achieved using anodically coupled electrolysis, an electrochemical process that combines two parallel oxidative events in a convergent and productive manner. The bench‐stable and commercially available solids CF3SO2Na and MgCl2 were used as the functional group sources to generate CF3. and Cl., respectively, via electrochemical oxidation, and the subsequent reaction of these radicals with the 1,6‐enyne substrate was controlled with an earth‐abundant Mn catalyst. In particular, the introduction of a chelating ligand allowed for the ene–yne cyclization to take place with high stereochemical control over the geometry of the alkene group in the pyrrolidine product.
Structure‐Based Design of a Eukaryote‐Selective Antiprotozoal Fluorinated Aminoglycoside
Authors: Kanazawa Hiroki , Saavedra Oscar M. , Maianti Juan Pablo , Young Simon A. , Izquierdo Luis , Smith Terry K. , Hanessian Stephen , Kondo Jiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAminoglycosides (AG) are antibiotics that lower the accuracy of protein synthesis by targeting a highly conserved RNA helix of the ribosomal A‐site. The discovery of AGs that selectively target the eukaryotic ribosome, but lack activity in prokaryotes, are promising as antiprotozoals for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, and as therapies to read‐through point‐mutation genetic diseases. However, a single nucleobase change A1408G in the eukaryotic A‐site leads to negligible affinity for most AGs. Herein we report the synthesis of 6′‐fluorosisomicin, the first 6′‐fluorinated aminoglycoside, which specifically interacts with the protozoal cytoplasmic rRNA A‐site, but not the bacterial A‐site, as evidenced by X‐ray co‐crystal structures. The respective dispositions of 6′‐fluorosisomicin within the bacterial and protozoal A‐sites reveal that the fluorine atom acts only as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor to favorably interact with G1408 of the protozoal A‐site. Unlike aminoglycosides containing a 6′‐ammonium group, 6′‐fluorosisomicin cannot participate in the hydrogen‐bonding pattern that characterizes stable pseudo‐base‐pairs with A1408 of the bacterial A‐sites. Based on these structural observations it may be possible to shift the biological activity of aminoglycosides to act preferentially as antiprotozoal agents. These findings expand the repertoire of small molecules targeting the eukaryotic ribosome and demonstrate the usefulness of fluorine as a design element.
The GWIPS‐viz Browser
Authors: Kiniry Stephen J. , Michel Audrey M. , Baranov Pavel V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGWIPS‐viz is a publicly available browser that provides Genome Wide Information on Protein Synthesis through the visualization of ribosome profiling data. Ribosome profiling (Ribo‐seq) is a high‐throughput technique which isolates fragments of messenger RNA that are protected by the ribosome. The alignment of the ribosome‐protected fragments or footprint sequences to the corresponding reference genome and their visualization using GWIPS‐viz allows for unique insights into the genome loci that are expressed as potentially translated RNA. The GWIPS‐viz browser hosts both Ribo‐seq data and corresponding mRNA‐seq data from publicly available studies across a number of genomes, avoiding the need for computational processing on the user side. Since its initial publication in 2014, over 1885 tracks have been produced across 24 genomes. This unit describes the navigation of the GWIPS‐viz genome browser, the uploading of custom tracks, and the downloading of the Ribo‐seq/mRNA‐seq alignment data. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Behavioral Modulation by Social Experiences in Rodent Models
Authors: Morozov Alexei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe lasting behavioral changes elicited by social signals provide important adaptations for survival of organisms that thrive as a group. Unlike the rapid innate responses to social cues, such adaptations have been understudied. Here, the rodent models of the lasting socially induced behavioral changes are presented as either modulations or reinforcements of the distinct forms of learning and memory or non‐associative changes of affective state. The purpose of this categorization is to draw attention to the potential mechanistic links between the neuronal pathways that process social cues and the neuronal systems that mediate the well‐studied forms of learning and memory. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermally Stable High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Chen Chao‐Hsuan , Lin Zhi‐Wei , Huang Kuan‐Min , Meng Hsin‐Fei , Chen Szu‐Han , Ge Ziyi , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Chang Chih‐Yu , Chao Yu‐Chiang , Horng Sheng‐Fu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInterfacial engineering plays an important role in determining the performance and stability of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this study, thermally stable highly efficient PSCs are fabricated by incorporating a solution‐processed cathode interfacial layer (CIL), including 4,4′‐({[methyl(4‐sulfonatobutyl)ammonio]bis(propane‐3,1‐diyl)}bis(dimethylammoniumdiyl))bis(butane‐1‐sulfonate) (MSAPBS) and polyethylenimine (PEI). For PSCs based on blends of poly{4,8‐bis[5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl]benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐[4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate‐2,6‐diyl]} (PBDTTT‐EFT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted PSCs reaches 8.1 % and 7.2 % for MSAPBS and PEI CILs, respectively. The inverted PEI devices exhibit remarkable stability (lifetime >6000 h) under accelerated thermal aging (at 80 °C in ambient environment), which is much superior to that of the device with commonly used LiF CIL (lifetime≈33 h). This stability represents the best result reported for PSCs. The promising results based on this strategy can stimulate further work on the development of novel CILs for PSCs and pave the way towards the realization of commercially viable PSCs with high performance and long‐term stability.
Drug–drug interaction and doping: Effect of non‐prohibited drugs on the urinary excretion profile of methandienone
Authors: Mazzarino Monica , Khevenhüller‐Metsch Franziska L. , Fiacco Ilaria , Parr Maria Kristina , de la Torre Xavier , Botrè Francesco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe potential consequences of drug–drug interactions on the excretion profile of the anabolic androgenic steroid methandienone (17β‐hydroxy‐17α‐methylandrosta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one) are discussed. More specifically, we have evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments the effects of 7 non‐prohibited drugs (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and nefazodone) on the main metabolic pathways of methandienone. These are selected among those most commonly used by the athletes. The in vitro assays were based on the use of human liver microsomes, specific recombinant enzyme isoforms of cytochrome P450 and uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyl‐transferase. The in vivo study was performed by analyzing urines collected after the oral administration of methandienone with and without the co‐administration of ketoconazole. Methandienone and its metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–based techniques after sample pretreatment including an enzymatic hydrolysis step (performed only for the investigation on phase II metabolism) and liquid/liquid extraction with t‐butyl methyl‐ether. The results from the in vitro experiments showed that the formation of the hydroxylated and dehydrogenated metabolites was significantly reduced in the presence of itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and nefazodone, whereas the production of the 18‐nor‐hydroxylated metabolites and glucuronidation reactions was reduced significantly only in the presence of ketoconazole and miconazole. The analysis of the post‐administration samples confirmed the in vitro observations, validating the hypothesis that drug–drug interaction may cause significant alterations in the metabolic profile of banned drugs, making their detection during doping control tests more challenging.
Near‐infrared spectrometry allows fast and extensive predictions of functional traits from dry leaves and branches
Authors: Costa Flávia R. C. , Lang Carla , Almeida Danilo R. A. , Castilho Carolina V. , Poorter Lourens 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe linking of individual functional traits to ecosystem processes is the basis for making generalizations in ecology, but the measurement of individual values is laborious and time consuming, preventing large‐scale trait mapping. Also, in hyper‐diverse systems, errors occur because identification is difficult, and species level values ignore intra‐specific variation. To allow extensive trait mapping at the individual level, we evaluated the potential of Fourrier‐Transformed Near Infra‐Red Spectrometry (FT‐NIR) to adequately describe 14 traits that are key for plant carbon, water, and nutrient balance. FT‐NIR absorption spectra (1,000–2,500 nm) were obtained from dry leaves and branches of 1,324 trees of 432 species from a hyper‐diverse Amazonian forest. FT‐NIR spectra were related to measured traits for the same plants using partial least squares regressions. A further 80 plants were collected from a different site to evaluate model applicability across sites. Relative prediction error (RMSErel) was calculated as the percentage of the trait value range represented by the final model RMSE. The key traits used in most functional trait studies; specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, wood density and wood dry matter content can be well predicted by the model (R2 = 0.69–0.78, RMSErel = 9–11%), while leaf density, xylem proportion, bark density and bark dry matter content can be moderately well predicted (R2 = 0.53–0.61, RMSErel = 14–17%). Community‐weighted means of all traits were well estimated with NIR, as did the shape of the frequency distribution of the community values for the above key traits. The model developed at the core site provided good estimations of the key traits of a different site. An evaluation of the sampling effort indicated that 400 or less individuals may be sufficient for establishing a good local model. We conclude that FT‐NIR is an easy, fast and cheap method for the large‐scale estimation of individual plant traits that was previously impossible. The ability to use dry intact leaves and branches unlocks the potential for using herbarium material to estimate functional traits; thus advancing our knowledge of community and ecosystem functioning from local to global scales.
Long‐term effects of patiromer for hyperkalaemia treatment in patients with mild heart failure and diabetic nephropathy on angiotensin‐converting enzymes/angiotensin receptor blockers: results from AMETHYST‐DN
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Bakris George L. , Weir Matthew R. , Freeman Mason W. , Lainscak Mitja , Mayo Martha R. , Garza Dahlia , Zawadzki Rezi , Berman Lance , Bushinsky David A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) in heart failure (HF) increases the risk of hyperkalaemia (HK), limiting angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE‐I) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use. Patiromer is a sodium‐free, non‐absorbed potassium binder approved for HK treatment. We retrospectively evaluated patiromer's long‐term safety and efficacy in HF patients from AMETHYST‐DN.Methods and resultsPatients with Type 2 diabetes, CKD, and HK [baseline serum potassium >5.0–5.5 mmol/L (mild) or >5.5–<6.0 mmol/L (moderate)], with or without HF (New York Heart Association Class I and II, by investigator judgement), on ACE‐I/ARB, were randomized to patiromer 8.4–33.6 g to start, divided twice daily. Overall, 105/304 (35%) patients had HF (75%, Class II). Mean (standard deviation) ejection fraction (EF) was 44.9% (8.2) (n = 81) in patients with HF; 26 had EF ≤40%. In HF patients, mean serum potassium decreased by Day 3 through Week 52. At Week 4, estimated mean (95% confidence interval) change in serum potassium was −0.64 mmol/L (−0.72, −0.55) in mild and −0.97 mmol/L (−1.14, −0.80) in moderate HK (both P < 0.0001). Most HF patients with mild (>88%) and moderate (≥73%) HK had normokalaemia at each visit from Weeks 12 to 52. Three HF patients were withdrawn because of high (n = 1) or low (n = 2) serum potassium. The most common patiromer‐related adverse event was hypomagnesaemia (8.6%).ConclusionsIn patients with a clinical diagnosis of HF, diabetes, CKD, and HK on ACE‐I/ARB, patiromer was well tolerated and effective for HK treatment over 52 weeks.
Mode selection considering fairness in D2D‐enabled cellular networks
Authors: Madani Najmeh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of mode selection, resource allocation, and power control for device‐to‐device (D2D) communications in cellular networks. We propose optimization frameworks based on max‐min fairness and proportional fairness where cellular and D2D links share the cellular resources. The optimization problem is solved in different resource sharing modes (ie, cellular, overlay, and underlay), and the mode leading to the highest optimal value is selected in the system. We further propose a two‐stage mode selection scheme based on channel quality in which the resource partitioning is expressed in closed form. We compare the performance of the proposed schemes with that of optimization framework based on sum‐rate and no‐mode selection scheme. The numerical results indicate that cellular and D2D links achieve higher rates in proportional fairness and max‐min fairness schemes compared to no‐mode selection scheme. While the rate improvement of D2D link is more significant in sum‐rate optimization, the cellular link may achieve lower rate in this scheme compared to other methods including the no‐mode selection scheme. The results also reveal that the rates of cellular and D2D links in channel quality scheme can vary within the range of rates obtained in max‐min and sum‐rate optimization frameworks.
Memory complaints in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: More prospective or retrospective?
Authors: de Mendonça Alexandre , Felgueiras Helena , Verdelho Ana , Câmara Sara , Grilo Cláudia , Maroco João , Pereira Antonina , Guerreiro Manuela 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivePatients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), usually considered an early stage of Alzheimer's disease, have deficits not only in retrospective memory (RM), that is, recalling of past events, words or people, but also on prospective memory (PM), the cognitive ability of remembering to execute delayed intentions in the future. This study investigated whether patients with aMCI refer more PM complaints as compared with RM complaints, and whether this might depend upon short‐term vs long‐term items or time‐based vs event‐based tasks.MethodsPatients with aMCI (n = 178) and healthy controls (n = 160) underwent the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), a 16‐item instrument to appraise differences between PM and RM complaints, as well as a general mental state examination, a subjective memory complaints questionnaire, objective memory tests, and assessment of depressive symptoms and activities of daily living.ResultsPatients with aMCI reported more memory complaints evaluated with the PRMQ (total score = 44.3 ± 10.8) as compared with controls (36.7 ± 9.8, P < 0.001). Using a mixed effect repeated‐measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that participants generally referred more retrospective than prospective memory complaints. Patients with aMCI had significantly more complaints on short‐term memory as compared with long‐term memory, and more complaints in time‐based (auto‐initiated) as compared with event‐based tasks, than healthy controls.ConclusionPatients with aMCI reported significantly more difficulties on short‐term memory, presumably reflecting internal temporal lobe pathology typical of Alzheimer's disease, and more complaints on time‐based tasks, which are cognitively very demanding, but did not seem particularly troubled regarding prospective memory.