bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perubahan Warna Resin Komposit pada Perendaman Larutan Cuka (Asam Asetat) dan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus arantifolia)
Authors: Makasenda Evica F.L , Wicaksono Dinar A. , Khoman Johanna A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: In this globalization era, Indonesian people especially in Sulawesi Utara are aware of oral health. Their awareness is related to oral diseases as well as aesthetics. Good aesthetics can be achieved by using several methods inter alia composite resin restoration. However, this composite resin undergoes discoloration in the mouth. To overcome the discoloration of the composite resin, alternative materials like acetic acid and lime that can remove the colored substances adhered on the composite resin are introduced. This study was aimed to determine the discoloration of composite resin immersed in acetic solution and in fresh lime juice. This was a true experimental study with a pretest and posttest group design. This study was conducted in 5 days. Daily observation at the same time was perormed by using spectrophotometer to all samples. Data were processed with Microsoft excel and presented in tables. The results showed that based on the spectrophotometer measurement, the composite resins’ color immersed in carbonate solution changed (became brighter) after immersion in acetic solution (from 0.72 to 1.52) and in lime juice (from 0.68 to 1.48). Conclusion: The color of discolored composite resins immersed in acetic acid solution and fresh lime juice became brighter.Keywords: composite resin, discoloration, acetic solution, lime. Abstrak: Pada era globalisasi saat ini, masyarakat Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Utara mulai sadar akan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kesadaran masyarakat tersebut tidak hanya mengenai penyakit gigi dan mulut, melainkan juga masalah estetik gigi. Estetik yang baik dapat dilakukan dengan banyak cara, salah satunya tindakan penumpatan dengan menggunakan resin komposit. Resin komposit memiliki kecenderungan berubah warna pada saat digunakan di rongga mulut. Perubahan warna menjadi penyebab diperlukannya penggantian bahan tumpatan (resin komposit). Untuk menghemat biaya terdapat alternatif lain seperti asam cuka (asam asetat) dan jeruk nipis yang dapat mengangkat zat-zat warna yang menempel pada resin komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan warna resin komposit yang direndam dalam larutan cuka dan perasan jeruk nipis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental semu dengan pretest and posttest group design. Penelitian dilakukan selama 5 hari dan dilakukan pengamatan setiap harinya pada jam yang sama dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer untuk sampel larutan cuka dan sampel jeruk nipis. Data hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan program komputer microsoft excel dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan warna resin komposit yang direndam dalam larutan karbonasi selanjutnya direndam dalam larutan cuka dari 0,72 menjadi 1,52 dan dalam jeruk nipis dari 0,68 menjadi 1,48. Simpulan: Terdapat perubahan warna lebih cerah pada resin komposit yang direndam pada larutan cuka dan jeruk nipis.Kata kunci: Resin komposit, perubahan warna, larutan cuka, jeruk nipis
Gambaran Karies Gigi pada Penyandang Diabetes Melitus di Rumah Sakit Kalooran Amurang
Authors: Ampow Falen V. , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C. , Anindita Pritartha S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Dental caries is caused by certain bacteria that have acid-forming properties. Due to these bacteria, a low pH in the oral cavity is achieved which may cause slow enamel demineralization and form a ferocious focus. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, is one of the predisposing factors of dental caries. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of dental caries in people with diabetes mellitus. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were diabetic patients at the Internal Medicine Department of Kalooran Hospital Amurang. There were 50 patients in this study obtained by using total sampling technique. Diabetic status was determined by using random blood glucose level (Perkeni 2011) meanwhile caries status was assessed by using DMF-T score. Data were processed by using SPSS and then were presented in tabular form. The results showed that very high caries index was found in 16.0% of subjects with good blood glucose control, 30.0% with moderate blood glucose control, and 36.0% with poor blood glucose control; the total number was 82.0% of subjects. Most subjects had diabetes for 5-10 years (44.0%) with very high caries index (40.0%). Conclusion: Most diabetic patients had very high caries index with the highest percentage in patients with DM for 5-10 years and in patients with poor blood glucose control.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level, dental caries Abstrak: Karies gigi terjadi oleh karena bakteri-bakteri tertentu yang mempunyai sifat membentuk asam sehingga terjadi pH rendah yang dapat menyebabkan pelarutan mineral enamel secara perlahan dan membentuk fokus perlubangan. Diabetes melitus (DM) yang ditandai dengan keadaan hiperglikemia merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karies gigi pada penyandang DM. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ialah penyandang DM di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RS Kalooran Amurang yang berjumlah 50 orang, diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Status DM dinilai melalui kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (Perkeni 2011), sedangkan status karies dinilai menggunakan skor DMF-T. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menda-patkan kategori indeks karies sangat tinggi ditemukan pada 16,0% subyek dengan kontrol gula darah baik, 30,0% dengan kontrol gula darah sedang, dan 36,0% dengan kontrol gula darah buruk; jumlah total 82,0% subyek. Subjek terbanyak ialah penyandang DM 5-10 tahun (44,0%) dengan kategori indeks karies sangat tinggi (40,0%). Simpulan: Sebagian besar penyandang DM memiliki kategori indeks karies sangat tinggi dengan persentase tertinggi pada penyandang DM 5-10 tahun dan penyandang DM dengan kontrol gula darah yang buruk.Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, kadar gula darah, karies gigi
Status Periodontal Anak Usia 8-12 Tahun di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 126 Manado
Authors: Mantiri Amanda N. P. , Wowor Vonny N. S. , Mintjelungan Christy N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Periodontal disease is a serious chronic infection that involves the destruction of tooth supporting tissues, including gum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. It is the second most common dental and oral disease suffered by people in the world after dental caries. According to WHO, age 12 years has been chosen as an age group of global indicators for international comparison and surveillance of disease trends. This study was aimed to obtain the periodontal status of students 8-12 years old at SD Negeri 126 Manado (elementary school). This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were 76 students obtained by using purposive sampling technique. Data of gum examination of all subjects were obtained by using WHO CPI probe and flat dental mirror and were analyzed univariately and presented in distribution tables. The results showed that 7 students (9.2%) had healthy gums, meanwhile 69 students (90.8%) had unhealthy gums, consisting of 66 students (86.8%) with bleeding gums ≤50%, and 3 students (4%) with bleeding gums ≥51%. Conclusion: Most students in this study had bleeding gum ≤50%. Albeit, some students still had healthy gums.Keywords: students aged 8-12 years, periodontal status, gingival bleeding Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal adalah infeksi kronis serius yang melibatkan penghancuran jaringan pendukung gigi, termasuk gingiva, ligamen periodontal, dan tulang alveolar. Penyakit ini tergolong penyakit gigi dan mulut kedua terbanyak yang diderita masyarakat di dunia setelah karies gigi. Menurut WHO, usia 12 tahun dipilih sebagai kelompok usia indikator global untuk perbandingan internasional dan surveilans kecenderungan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status periodontal siswa usia 8-12 tahun di SD Negeri 126 Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Responden penelitian ialah 76 siswa, diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh berdasarkan pemeriksaan gingiva terhadap subyek menggunakan probe CPI WHO dan kaca mulut, kemudian diolah dengan cara analisis univariat serta disajikan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 7 siswa (9,2%) memiliki gingiva sehat, dan 69 siswa (90,8%) yang tidak sehat terdiri dari 66 siswa (86,8%) mengalami perdarahan gingiva ≤50%, dan 3 siswa (4%) mengalami perdarahan gingiva ≥51%. Simpulan: Sebagian besar siswa usia 8-12 tahun di SD Negeri 126 Manado mengalami perdarahan gingival ≤50%. Walaupun demikian, sebagian kecil siswa masih memiliki gingiva yang sehat.Kata kunci: anak usia 8-12 tahun, status periodontal, perdarahan gingiva
TINGKAH LAKU INDUK YAKI (Macaca nigra) TERHADAP ANAK DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO BITUNG SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Saisab Veronika V. , Laatung Sylvia , Rawung Vonny R.W. 
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data mengenai aktivitas induk Yaki pada anak di Cagar Alam Tangkoko. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko Bitung Sulawesi Utara selama 3 bulan menggunakan metode Obeservasi. Materi penelitian yaitu 3 ekor induk Yaki yang berada dalam kelompok Rambo 1. Variabel yang diamati adalah tingkah laku menggendong, tingkah laku menyusui, tingkah laku memberi makan, tingkah laku grooming dan tingkah laku bermain anak. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan histogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rataan frekuensi menggendong anak pada induk I sebesar 13,06 ±3.02 kemudian induk II sebesar 12,25 ±2.43 dan induk III sebesar 13,31 ±3.34. Tingkah laku menggendong induk terhadap anak diawali dengan induk memeluk, mengangkat anak ke pangkuan, kemudian anak diletakan di depan dada sang induk, dan anak melakukan hiding pada induk sehingga induk tidak lagi memegang atau menahan anak agar tidak jatuh. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa frekuensi menyusui induk I adalah sebesar 8,31 ±2.52, induk 2 sebesar 6,87 ±2.30, dan induk 3 sebesar 7,56 ±2.63. Induk menyusui anak dengan cara meletakan anak didepan dada sehingga anak dapat menyusui dengan baik. Frekuensi pemberian makanan induk pada anak sangat rendah. Rataan frekuensi pemberian makan induk kepada anak pada induk 1 sebesar 0,31 induk II sebesar 0,93 dan induk III sebesar 0,87. Kemampuan anak dalam menggigit makan belum sempurna sehingga makanan yang dimakan oleh anak biasanya tidak sampai habis dan langsung dibuang. Rataan frekuensi grooming induk pada anak pada induk I sebesar 0,87, induk II sebesar 0,93 dan induk III sebesar 1,06 dan frekuensi grooming induk dari dan pada yaki lain adalah induk I sebesar 0,56, induk II sebesar 0,56 dan induk III sebesar 0,68. Tingkah laku grooming yang dilakukan induk betina pada anak berupa membersihkan tubuh sang anak dari parasit yang menempel ditubuh sang anak. Tingkah laku grooming induk dari betina lain diawali dengan induk duduk dengan tetap memeluk anak. Kemudian betina lain datang menghampiri induk dan kemudian melakukan grooming. Tingkah laku bermain anak lebih mengarah pada pergerakan anak yang seakan ingin menghindar dari induk dengan memutari induk dengan berlari berkeliling.
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN PRODUK PETERNAKAN DI DESA TAWAANG KECAMATAN TENGA KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Loho Reynol , Rorimpandey B , Massie M T , Santa N M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCT DEMAND AT TAWAANG VILLAGE, TENGA DISTRICT SOUTH MINAHASA REGENCY. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of *Alumni Fakultas Peternakan Unsrat **Jurusan Sosial Ekonomi Peternakan livestock product demand in Tenga district. The problem this study was how far demand factors such as prices of chicken meat, pork, beef meat, fish, tofu and fermented soybean (tempe) affected the level of demand for livestock products in Tenga district.The total number of samples used in this study were 45 respondents of households. Data collection was conducted during 3 months using the survey method. The analysis used was the model of SUR (Seemingly Unrelated Regression) using the equation of the demand function. The results showed that the numbers of livestock product demand in the Tenga district were chicken meat of 3.04 kg/quarter, pork of 3.24 kg/quarter, beef of 1.29kg/quarter, and egg product of 64.56 eggs/quarter. Therefore; factor of the prices of chicken meat, pork, beef, fish, tofu and fermented soybean (tempe) influenced the demand of livestock products. Keywords: Demand, prices, animal product.
SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DAGING BROILER DENGAN LAMA PERENDAMAN BERBEDA DALAM PERASAN LEMON CUI (Citrus microcarpa)
Authors: Sumual Mergy Angelia , Hadju R. , Rotinsulu M. D. , Sakul S. E. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF BROILER MEAT WITH DIFFERENT IMMERSION TIME IN LEMON CUI (Citrus microcarpa).The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic properties of broiler meat marinated in lemon cui (Citrus microcarpa). There are four levels of immersion duration of treatment (4, 3, 2 and 1 hour) with observed organoleptically by 50 panelists. From the results of this research note to give soaking time organoleptic assessment on the color range 4.00 - 4.82, aroma 4.34 - 5.12, the texture of 4.02 - 4.52, tenderness 5.20 - 5.36, flavor 3.98 - 4.58. Based on the results of the assessment concluded that broiler meat is soaked for 1 hour in lemon cui organoleptic (color, aroma, texture, tenderness and flavor) can be accepted by consumers. Key words : broiler meat, lemon cui, organoleptic properties
IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK ALAT PENCERNAAN KELELAWAR PTEROPUS ALECTO DI SULAWESI BAGIAN UTARA
Authors: Pendong Leo K. , Umboh J. F , Imbar M , Rahasia C A 
Published: July 2019

CHARACTERISTICS IDENTIFY OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS OF BAT (PTEROPUS ALECTO) IN NORTHERN SULAWESI. The study aimed to classify Pteropus alecto (Black flying foxes=paniki yaki), based on the type of feed and the digestive system. A Descriptive explorative method was used in this study. The primary data, consist of animals sample, and of laboratory identification of the shapes physical morphology and size of digestive organs. The secondary data was taken by collecting the information from bat origin region, or its habitat. The results showed, the general characteristics of bat (Pteropus alecto), both male and female were performed a hairy color black in all parts of the body (except in the wings), it has no tail, the face shape resembles a dog or fox, has sharp curved claws on thumb, also on both toes, for hanging. The body length of the observed P. alecto were ±16.4 cm (♀) and ±22.5 cm (♂), with the body weight was ± 719,87 g on male, heavier than females (± 526.5 g). The profiles gastrointestinal organs of bat, viz: the teeth, stomach, intestine, and colon. Yhe teeth formula, were I = 2/2; C = 1/1; Pm = 2/2; M = 3/4, the number of overall teeth were 34. The digestive tract organs of bat (P. alecto) were suspected bigger, longer, and heavier, than other frugivore bat types, where the length of the stomach were ± 8.45 cm (♂) and 8.04 (♀), the length of the small intestine were ± 289.3 cm (♀) and 302.42 cm (♂), and the colon were ± 24.13 cm (♀) and 27.3 cm (♂). The mostly feed types being eaten by P. alecto, namely: papaya (Carica papaya), banana (Musa paradisica), mango (Mangifera indica), soursop (Annona muricata), guava (Psidium guajava) and coconut flower (Cocos nucifera) It is oncluded, bat (Pteropus alecto) has a digestive organs system which generally similar to other monogastric animals, but it has no cecum, and no space for fermentative digestion, and where it main feed is fruits, so it can be categorized as frugivores herbivores monogastric animal (non pseudo-ruminant). Keywords: Pteropus alecto, feed type, digestive tract organs
PENGARUH NAUNGAN DAN LEVEL NITROGEN TERHADAP KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT CORONIVA
Authors: Anis S D. , Kaligis D A , Dalie S 
Published: July 2019

EFFECT OF SHADING AND NITROGEN LEVEL TO CHARACTER OF GROWTH CORONIVA GRASS (Brachiaria humidicola).The Coroniva grass (Brachiaria humidicola) or Schweick was ruminant animal feed grass with high ability for land recovering, land erosion and high nutrient quality for ruminant animals. In the areas with high sun light and land nutrient availability,this grass was capable to increase carbon accumulation under top soil and contribute the nitrogen (N) as fixation result of Azotobacter microorganism. Under shading areas and lack of land nutrient availability, especially nitrogen, growth and production potentials had not been fully explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of shading areas and nitrogen fertilizer on growth traits, dried matter plant leaf canopy and ratio between plant canopy and plan root of Coroniva grass (Brachiaria humidicola). Treatments were divided into three levels of shading (0%, 40%, 70%) and nitrogen fertilizer levels of 0 kg, 50 kg and 100 kg ha-1. Treatments were applied using factorial design based on block randomized design. Results showed that interaction between shading area of 40% and N level of 100 kg ha-1 produced the highest numbers and length of stolon, while the highest numbers of propagating plant were found at interaction between shading area of 40% and N level of 50 kg ha-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that growth traits of Coroniva grass were determined by the factors of shading areas and nitrogen macro element. Key word: Coroniva grass, shading area, nitrogen, growth.
RETENSI N, Ca DAN P PADA KAMBING YANG DIBERI DEDAK HALUS YANG DIAUTOCLAVE DENGAN LEVEL BERBEDA
Authors: Pudjihastuti E 
Published: July 2019

RETENTION OF N, Ca and P in GOAT GIVEN FINE BRAN THAT OUTOCLAVED WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of autoclaved fine bran use at different levels on the retention of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in goats. This study used four goats at age of 7-8 months old with body weight of 8-10 kg. Basic feed used was Brachiaria mutica grass, which added with autoclaved fine bran at different levels, as follows: R0 = Brachiaria mutica grass R1 = Brachiaria mutica grass+ 10% autoclaved fine bran R2 = Brachiaria mutica grass+ 20% autoclaved fine bran R1 = Brachiaria mutica grass+ 30% autoclaved fine bran This study used an experimental method based on the 4 x 4 Latin square design, where livestock served as row and experimental method as a line, followed by Duncan's multiple range test analysis. Results of analysis of variance showed that the treatment effect is highly significant (p <0.01) on dry matter intake, consumption and retention of N, consumption and retention of Ca and P. With Duncan's multiple range test showed that the treatment R3 was higher (p <0.01) than treatments of R2, R1 and R0 on consumption and retention of N, Ca and P. From these results, it can be concluded that the use of autoclaved fine bran up to 30% can improve the retention of N, Ca and P in goats. Keywords: Fine bran, Autoclave, Retention, Goat
PENGARUH MEDIA TUMBUH DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN SORGUM VARIETAS NUMBU
Authors: Bajang Marsel Efraim , Rumambi A. , Kaunang W. B. , Rustandi D. 
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIUM AND SOAKING TIME ON GERMINATION OF SORGHUM VAR. NUMBU. The present study was conducted to elaboratethe effect of the growing medium andsoaking times on germination of sorghum varieties numbu. This research has been done to learn and obtain data on the effect of the plant growth media and the soaking times of the sorghum plant sprouts. The experiment consisted of a 3x4x3 factorial design with 3 levels of growing medium (100% original soil; 50% original soil + 50% burned soil; and 100% burned out soil) and 4 levels of soaking times (0,2,4, and 6 hours). After a significant F test (where necesarry) was employed to inspect differences among group means. Statistical difference was accepted at P < 0,05. Variables measured were: germination rates, germination, and leaf counts. Research results showed that growing medium gave a significant difference (P<0,01) on germination phase and germination rates. The interaction of growing medium andsoaking times gave a significant difference on leaf counts.It can be concluded that the growing medium gave a positive response on germination phase andgermination rates; while leaf counts of Sorghum var. Numbu interacted well with growing medium of 100% original soil and all level of soaking times. Keywords: growing medium, soaking times, sorghum var. Numbu, germination.
PENGARUH FERMENTASI ISI RUMEN SAPI DENGAN Trichoderma viride TERHADAP ENERGI METABOLIS PADA AYAM BROILER
Authors: Rarumangkay Jeni 
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECT OF DRIED COW RUMEN FERMENTATION WITH TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ON METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUE OF BROILER. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the metabolizable energy of dried cow rumen. The experiment use dried cow rumen and dried cow rumen fermented Trichoderma viride during 9 days with 0,3% inoculum dose. The experiment use 18 six weeks old male broiler metabolizable energy parameter were analyzed with Wilcoxon test. The result of this experiment showed fermentation with Trichoderma viride could increase the metabolizable energy of dried cow rumen. Key word : Fermentation of dried cow rumen, broiler, metabolizable energy
KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN JERAMI JAGUNG MANADO KUNING DAN JERAMI JAGUNG HIBRIDA JAYA 3 PADA SAPI PO
Authors: Tuwaidan Nancy W.H. , Waani M. R. , - Rustandi - , Malalantang S. S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF YELLOW MANADO AND JAYA 3 HYBRID CORN SRAWS FOR ONGOLE GRADE CATTLE. Experiment was conducted to determine the intake capacity and digestibility of Manado yellow corn straw (MYCS) and Jaya 3 hybrid corn straw (J3HCS) as single feed for Ongole grade cattle (OGC). Five female OGC were used in this experiment, applied into two periods. The animals were fed with MYCS in the first stage and J3HCS in the second stage. The measured variables were including dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), digestibility of crude protein (DCP) and digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (DNDF). The data were analyzed by T test. The results showed that treatment significantly affected (p <0.05) the DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF. It can be concluded DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF of MYCS were higher than those of J3HCS. Key words: Dry matter Intake, Digestibility, Corn straw, Ongole grade cattle.
IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAH ALPHA MALE MONYET HITAM (Macaca nigra) DI CAGAR ALAM TANGKOKO
Authors: Mondoringin Ryan G.H. , Wungow Rita S.H , Paath Jantje , Rompas Joice J.I 
Published: July 2019

IDENTIFICATION OF ALPHA MALE BLACK MONKEY (Macaca nigra) BEHAVIOR IN THE NATURE RESERVE TANGKOKO. This study aims to get the latest specific data regarding behavior Alpha male / Rambo dominant male in the group 1 in the nature reserve Tangkoko. Materials used 1 Monkey Black Male Dominant (Alpha Male) in group 1 residing Rambo in Tangkoko Nature Reserve Batuangus Bitung, North Sulawesi. The data obtained are analyzed and presented descriptively in the form of graphs or histograms. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: (1) The most long-standing activity Alpha Male / Male Dominance in the morning is locomotion and foraging and agonistic. During the day are: foraging, locomotion, grooming, and inactive. (2) Activities are at least done either in the morning or during the day is the mating activity (coitus). (3) Behaviour Males Dominant Alpha Male is different from other black monkeys in one group Keywords: Alpha Male (Macaca nigra), identification of behavior