bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent genomic signatures of domestication in sheep and goats
Authors: Alberto Florian J. , Boyer Frédéric , Orozco-terWengel Pablo , Streeter Ian , Servin Bertrand , de Villemereuil Pierre , Benjelloun Badr , Librado Pablo , Biscarini Filippo , Colli Licia , Barbato Mario , Zamani Wahid , Alberti Adriana , Engelen Stefan , Stella Alessandra , Joost Stéphane , Ajmone-Marsan Paolo , Negrini Riccardo , Orlando Ludovic , Rezaei Hamid Reza , Naderi Saeid , Clarke Laura , Flicek Paul , Wincker Patrick , Coissac Eric , Kijas James , Tosser-Klopp Gwenola , Chikhi Abdelkader , Bruford Michael W. , Taberlet Pierre , Pompanon François 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe evolutionary basis of domestication has been a longstanding question and its genetic architecture is becoming more tractable as more domestic species become genome-enabled. Before becoming established worldwide, sheep and goats were domesticated in the fertile crescent 10,500 years before present (YBP) where their wild relatives remain. Here we sequence the genomes of wild Asiatic mouflon and Bezoar ibex in the sheep and goat domestication center and compare their genomes with that of domestics from local, traditional, and improved breeds. Among the genomic regions carrying selective sweeps differentiating domestic breeds from wild populations, which are associated among others to genes involved in nervous system, immunity and productivity traits, 20 are common toCapraandOvis. The patterns of selection vary between species, suggesting that while common targets of selection related to domestication and improvement exist, different solutions have arisen to achieve similar phenotypic end-points within these closely related livestock species.
A randomized and open-label phase II trial reports the efficacy of neoadjuvant lobaplatin in breast cancer
Authors: Wu Xiujuan , Tang Peng , Li Shifei , Wang Shushu , Liang Yueyang , Zhong Ling , Ren Lin , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCurrently, one sixth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who receive docetaxel (T) and epirubicin (E) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR). This study evaluates the impact of adding lobaplatin (L) to the TE regimen. Here, we show data from 125 patients (63 TE and 62 TEL patients). Four patients did not complete all the cycles. Two-sided P values show that the addition of L (38.7% vs. 12.7%, P = 0.001) significantly increases the rate of pCR in the breast and the axilla (TpCR) and the overall response rate (ORR; 93.5% vs. 73.0%, P = 0.003). The occurrence of grade 3–4 anemia and thrombocytopenia is higher in the TEL group (52.5% vs. 10.0% and 34.4% vs. 1.7% respectively). These results demonstrate that the addition of L to the TE regimen as neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves the TpCR and the ORR rates of TNBC but with increased side effects.
Control over multiple molecular states with directional changes driven by molecular recognition
Authors: Hirao Takehiro , Kim Dong Sub , Chi Xiaodong , Lynch Vincent M. , Ohara Kazuaki , Park Jung Su , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecently, ligand–metal coordination, stimuli-responsive covalent bonds, and mechanically interlinked molecular constructs have been used to create systems with a large number of accessible structural states. However, accessing a multiplicity of states in sequence from more than one direction and doing so without the need for external energetic inputs remain as unmet challenges, as does the use of relatively weak noncovalent interactions to stabilize the underlying forms. Here we report a system based on a bispyridine-substituted calix[4]pyrrole that allows access to six different discrete states with directional control via the combined use of metal-based self-assembly and molecular recognition. Switching can be induced by the selective addition or removal of appropriately chosen ionic guests. No light or redox changes are required. The tunable nature of the system has been established through a combination of spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The findings illustrate a new approach to creating information-rich functional materials.
The influence of the molecular packing on the room temperature phosphorescence of purely organic luminogens
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhen Xu , Wang Bin , Gao Xuming , Ren Zichun , Wang Jiaqiang , Xie Yujun , Li Jianrong , Peng Qian , Pu Kanyi , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOrganic luminogens with persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have attracted great attention for their wide applications in optoelectronic devices and bioimaging. However, these materials are still very scarce, partially due to the unclear mechanism and lack of designing guidelines. Herein we develop seven 10-phenyl-10H-phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide-based derivatives, reveal their different RTP properties and underlying mechanism, and exploit their potential imaging applications. Coupled with the preliminary theoretical calculations, it is found that strong π–π interactions in solid state can promote the persistent RTP. Particularly, CS-CF3 shows the unique photo-induced phosphorescence in response to the changes in molecular packing, further confirming the key influence of the molecular packing on the RTP property. Furthermore, CS-F with its long RTP lifetime could be utilized for real-time excitation-free phosphorescent imaging in living mice. Thus, our study paves the way for the development of persistent RTP materials, in both the practical applications and the inherent mechanism.
MSD1 regulates pedicellate spikelet fertility in sorghum through the jasmonic acid pathway
Authors: Jiao Yinping , Lee Young Koung , Gladman Nicholas , Chopra Ratan , Christensen Shawn A. , Regulski Michael , Burow Gloria , Hayes Chad , Burke John , Ware Doreen , Xin Zhanguo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGrain number per panicle (GNP) is a major determinant of grain yield in cereals. However, the mechanisms that regulate GNP remain unclear. To address this issue, we isolate a series of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] multiseeded (msd) mutants that can double GNP by increasing panicle size and altering floral development so that all spikelets are fertile and set grain. Through bulk segregant analysis by next-generation sequencing, we identify MSD1 as a TCP (Teosinte branched/Cycloidea/PCF) transcription factor. Whole-genome expression profiling reveals that jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic enzymes are transiently activated in pedicellate spikelets. Young msd1 panicles have 50% less JA than wild-type (WT) panicles, and application of exogenous JA can rescue the msd1 phenotype. Our results reveal a new mechanism for increasing GNP, with the potential to boost grain yield, and provide insight into the regulation of plant inflorescence architecture and development.
Encapsulation of catalyst in block copolymer micelles for the polymerization of ethylene in aqueous medium
Authors: Boucher-Jacobs Camille , Rabnawaz Muhammad , Katz Joshua S. , Even Ralph , Guironnet Damien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe catalytic emulsion polymerization of ethylene has been a long-lasting technical challenge as current techniques still suffer some limitations. Here we report an alternative strategy for the production of semi-crystalline polyethylene latex. Our methodology consists of encapsulating a catalyst precursor within micelles composed of an amphiphilic block copolymer. These micelles act as nanoreactors for the polymerization of ethylene in water. Phosphinosulfonate palladium complexes were used to demonstrate the success of our approach as they were found to be active for hours when encapsulated in micelles. Despite this long stability, the activity of the catalysts in micelles remains significantly lower than in organic solvent, suggesting some catalyst inhibition. The inhibition strength of the different chemicals present in the micelle were determined and compared. The combination of the small volume of the micelles, and the coordination of PEG appear to be the culprits for the low activity observed in micelles.
Self-interaction of NPM1 modulates multiple mechanisms of liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Mitrea Diana M. , Cika Jaclyn A. , Stanley Christopher B. , Nourse Amanda , Onuchic Paulo L. , Banerjee Priya R. , Phillips Aaron H. , Park Cheon-Gil , Deniz Ashok A. , Kriwacki Richard W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNucleophosmin (NPM1) is an abundant, oligomeric protein in the granular component of the nucleolus with roles in ribosome biogenesis. Pentameric NPM1 undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) via heterotypic interactions with nucleolar components, including ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins which display multivalent arginine-rich linear motifs (R-motifs), and is integral to the liquid-like nucleolar matrix. Here we show that NPM1 can also undergo LLPS via homotypic interactions between its polyampholytic intrinsically disordered regions, a mechanism that opposes LLPS via heterotypic interactions. Using a combination of biophysical techniques, including confocal microscopy, SAXS, analytical ultracentrifugation, and single-molecule fluorescence, we describe how conformational changes within NPM1 control valency and switching between the different LLPS mechanisms. We propose that this newly discovered interplay between multiple LLPS mechanisms may influence the direction of vectorial pre-ribosomal particle assembly within, and exit from the nucleolus as part of the ribosome biogenesis process.
Widespread erosion on high plateaus during recent glaciations in Scandinavia
Authors: Andersen Jane L. , Egholm David L. , Knudsen Mads F. , Linge Henriette , Jansen John D. , Pedersen Vivi K. , Nielsen Søren B. , Tikhomirov Dmitry , Olsen Jesper , Fabel Derek , Xu Sheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlaciers create some of Earth’s steepest topography; yet, many areas that were repeatedly overridden by ice sheets in the last few million years include extensive plateaus. The distinct geomorphic contrast between plateaus and the glacial troughs that dissect them has sustained two long-held hypotheses: first, that ice sheets perform insignificant erosion beyond glacial troughs, and, second, that the plateaus represent ancient pre-glacial landforms bearing information of tectonic and geomorphic history prior to Pliocene–Pleistocene global cooling (~3.5 Myr ago). Here we show that the Fennoscandian ice sheets drove widespread erosion across plateaus far beyond glacial troughs. We apply inverse modelling to 118 new cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements to quantify ice sheet erosion on the plateaus fringing the Sognefjorden glacial trough in western Norway. Our findings demonstrate substantial modification of the pre-glacial landscape during the Quaternary, and that glacial erosion of plateaus is important when estimating the global sediment flux to the oceans.
Non-catalytic hydrogenation of VO2 in acid solution
Authors: Chen Yuliang , Wang Zhaowu , Chen Shi , Ren Hui , Wang Liangxin , Zhang Guobin , Lu Yalin , Jiang Jun , Zou Chongwen , Luo Yi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHydrogenation is an effective way to tune the property of metal oxides. It can conventionally be performed by doping hydrogen into solid materials with noble-metal catalysis, high-temperature/pressure annealing treatment, or high-energy proton implantation in vacuum condition. Acid solution naturally provides a rich proton source, but it should cause corrosion rather than hydrogenation to metal oxides. Here we report a facile approach to hydrogenate monoclinic vanadium dioxide (VO2) in acid solution at ambient condition by placing a small piece of low workfunction metal (Al, Cu, Ag, Zn, or Fe) on VO2 surface. It is found that the attachment of a tiny metal particle (~1.0 mm) can lead to the complete hydrogenation of an entire wafer-size VO2 (>2 inch). Moreover, with the right choice of the metal a two-step insulator–metal–insulator phase modulation can even be achieved. An electron–proton co-doping mechanism has been proposed and verified by the first-principles calculations.
ThMn12-type phases for magnets with low rare-earth content: Crystal-field analysis of the full magnetization process
Authors: Tereshina I. S. , Kostyuchenko N. V. , Tereshina-Chitrova E. A. , Skourski Y. , Doerr M. , Pelevin I. A. , Zvezdin A. K. , Paukov M. , Havela L. , Drulis H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRare-earth (R)-iron alloys are a backbone of permanent magnets. Recent increase in price of rare earths has pushed the industry to seek ways to reduce the R-content in the hard magnetic materials. For this reason strong magnets with the ThMn12 type of structure came into focus. Functional properties of R(Fe,T)12 (T-element stabilizes the structure) compounds or their interstitially modified derivatives, R(Fe,T)12-X (X is an atom of hydrogen or nitrogen) are determined by the crystal-electric-field (CEF) and exchange interaction (EI) parameters. We have calculated the parameters using high-field magnetization data. We choose the ferrimagnetic Tm-containing compounds, which are most sensitive to magnetic field and demonstrate that TmFe11Ti-H reaches the ferromagnetic state in the magnetic field of 52 T. Knowledge of exact CEF and EI parameters and their variation in the compounds modified by the interstitial atoms is a cornerstone of the quest for hard magnetic materials with low rare-earth content.
Population-specific expression of antimicrobial peptides conferring pathogen resistance in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Gegner Tobias , Schmidtberg Henrike , Vogel Heiko , Vilcinskas Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis has emerged as a model species in the context of invasion biology and possesses an expanded repertoire of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Here we measured the expression of 22 AMP genes in adult beetles from native and introduced populations, and from a biocontrol population, allowing us to compare populations differing in terms of invasive performance. Strikingly, we observed population-specific expression profiles for particular AMPs. Following an immune challenge, the genes for Coleoptericin1 (Col1), Coleoptericin-likeB and Defensin1 were induced up to several thousand times more strongly in the invasive populations compared to the native and biocontrol populations. To determine the role of Col1 in pathogen resistance, the corresponding gene was silenced by RNA interference (RNAi), causing higher mortality in beetles subsequently infected with the entomopathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. The RNAi-triggered susceptibility to this pathogen was reversed by the injection of a synthetic Col1 peptide. We show that a native population is more susceptible to P. entomomophila infection than an invasive population. This is the first study demonstrating population-specific differences in the immune system of an invasive species and suggests that rapid gene expression changes and a highly adaptive immune system could promote pathogen resistance and thereby invasive performance.
Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Zeng Andy G. X. , Leung Andy C. Y. , Brooks-Wilson Angela R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDiffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive hematological cancer for which mitochondrial metabolism may play an important role. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes crucial mitochondrial proteins, yet the relationship between mtDNA and DLBCL remains unclear. We analyzed the functional consequences and mutational spectra of mtDNA somatic mutations and private constitutional variants in 40 DLBCL tumour-normal pairs. While private constitutional variants occurred frequently in the D-Loop, somatic mutations were randomly distributed across the mitochondrial genome. Heteroplasmic constitutional variants showed a trend towards loss of heteroplasmy in the corresponding tumour regardless of whether the reference or variant allele was being lost, suggesting that these variants are selectively neutral. The mtDNA mutational spectrum showed minimal support for ROS damage and revealed strand asymmetry with increased C > T and A > G transitions on the heavy strand, consistent with a replication-associated mode of mutagenesis. These heavy strand transitions carried higher proportions of amino acid changes – which were also more pathogenic – than equivalent substitutions on the light strand. Taken together, endogenous replication-associated events underlie mtDNA mutagenesis in DLBCL and preferentially generate functionally consequential mutations. Yet mtDNA somatic mutations remain selectively neutral, suggesting that mtDNA-encoded mitochondrial functions may not play an important role in DLBCL.
Correlation between the timing of autonomous selfing and floral traits: a comparative study from three selfing Gentianopsis species (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Yang Ji-Qin , Fan Yong-Li , Jiang Xian-Feng , Li Qing-Jun , Zhu Xing-Fu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAbout 20% of angiosperms employ self-fertilization as their main mating strategy. In this study, we aimed to examine how the selfing timing correlated with floral traits in threeGentianopsisspecies in which autonomous selfing is achieved through filament elongation. Although the threeGentianopsisspecies exhibit no significant variation in their capacity for autonomous selfing, flowers ofG.grandislast longer, are larger and have a higher corolla biomass, P/O ratios and male biomass allocation than those ofG.paludosa, and especially those ofG.contorta. Autonomous selfing occurs in the early floral life ofG.paludosaandG.contortaand in the later floral life ofG.grandis. Seed production mainly results from autonomous selfing inG.paludosaandG.contorta; however,G.grandiscould be more described as having a mixed mating system. We suggest that autonomous selfing in later floral life increases the chance of cross-pollination prior to this, while autonomous selfing in early floral life offers a selective advantage to plants by reducing the resource investment in traits that may increase pollinator attraction and visitation.
Phosphorus speciation in a prairie soil amended with MBM and DDG ash: Sequential chemical extraction and synchrotron-based XANES spectroscopy investigations
Authors: Alotaibi Khaled D. , Schoenau Jeff. J. , Kar Gourango , Peak Derek , Fonstad Terry 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSequential chemical extraction and synchrotron-based XANES spectroscopy techniques were used to identify P species in two ashes before and after addition to a prairie soil. The used ashes were: meat and bone meal ash (MBMA) and dried distillers grains ash (DDGA) plus mineral P fertilizer (MP) for comparison. Soil treated with MP contained higher content of resin-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi followed by DDGA and MBMA. The MBMA amended soil had the highest (47%) proportion of the soil P contained in recalcitrant HCl extractable fraction, reflecting more Ca-bound P present and being formed in soil after application. Analysis of both ashes with XANES spectroscopy before application to soil revealed that MBMA had strong spectral features consistent with hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)). DDGA exhibited spectral features consistent with a mixture of several Mg and K phosphate salts rather than a single mineral species. The distinctive features in the XANES spectra of both ashes largely disappeared after amendment to the soil, suggesting transformation to different P forms in the soil after application. It is also possible that the added amount of P to the studied soil via DDGS or MBMA was small enough so that P speciation is not different from the background P level.
Network Motifs Capable of Decoding Transcription Factor Dynamics
Authors: Gao Zongmao , Chen Siheng , Qin Shanshan , Tang Chao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) can encode the information of upstream signal in terms of its temporal activation dynamics. However, it remains unclear how different types of TF dynamics are decoded by downstream signalling networks. In this work, we studied all three-node transcriptional networks for their ability to distinguish two types of TF dynamics: amplitude modulation (AM), where the TF is activated with a constant amplitude, and frequency modulation (FM), where the TF activity displays an oscillatory behavior. We found two sets of network topologies: one set can differentially respond to AM TF signal but not to FM; the other set to FM signal but not to AM. Interestingly, there is little overlap between the two sets. We identified the prevalent topological features in each set and gave a mechanistic explanation as to why they can differentially respond to only one type of TF signal. We also found that some network topologies have a weak (not robust) ability to differentially respond to both AM and FM input signals by using different values of parameters for AM and FM cases. Our results provide a novel network mechanism for decoding different TF dynamics.
Bumetanide for autism: more eye contact, less amygdala activation
Authors: Hadjikhani Nouchine , Åsberg Johnels Jakob , Lassalle Amandine , Zürcher Nicole R. , Hippolyte Loyse , Gillberg Christopher , Lemonnier Eric , Ben-Ari Yehezkel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe recently showed that constraining eye contact leads to exaggerated increase of amygdala activation in autism. Here, in a proof of concept pilot study, we demonstrate that administration of bumetanide (a NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist that restores GABAergic inhibition) normalizes the level of amygdala activation during constrained eye contact with dynamic emotional face stimuli in autism. In addition, eye-tracking data reveal that bumetanide administration increases the time spent in spontaneous eye gaze during in a free-viewing mode of the same face stimuli. In keeping with clinical trials, our data support the Excitatory/Inhibitory dysfunction hypothesis in autism, and indicate that bumetanide may improve specific aspects of social processing in autism. Future double-blind placebo controlled studies with larger cohorts of participants will help clarify the mechanisms of bumetanide action in autism.
Pharmacological Mobilization of Endogenous Bone Marrow Stem Cells Promotes Liver Regeneration after Extensive Liver Resection in Rats
Authors: Zhai Rujun , Wang Yongchun , Qi Le , Williams George Melville , Gao Bin , Song Guang , Burdick James F. , Sun Zhaoli 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRapid regeneration of the remnant liver is critical for preventing liver failure and promoting recovery after extensive liver resection. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of bone marrow-derived stem cells in liver regeneration and the potential benefits of bone marrow stem cell therapy. To avoid the preparation of stem cells, we proposed in this study to mobilize endogenous bone marrow stem cells pharmacologically with a combination of AMD3100 (A), an antagonist of CXCR4 and low-dose FK506 (F). Here we show that AF combination therapy significantly increased lineage negative (Lin-) CD34+ and Lin-CD133+ stem cells in peripheral blood and enhanced recruitment of CD133+ cells into the remnant liver in a rat model of 85% partial hepatectomy. Recruiting CD133+ stem cells in the remnant liver was associated with increased proliferation of hepatic oval cells and paralleled the increased SDF-1, CXCR4 and HGF expression. Importantly, AF combination therapy increased the number of Ki67 positive hepatocytes and BrdU incorporation in the remnant liver and improved serum levels of albumin. Our results demonstrate that pharmacological mobilization of endogenous bone marrow stem cells with AF combination therapy can enhance endogenous stem cell mobilization to promote liver regeneration and improve liver function after extensive hepatectomy.