bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАКЦІЇ ГЛУТАТІОНОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ ВНУТРІШНІХ ОРГАНІВ НА ТЛІ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТРАВМИ
Authors: Volotovska N. V. , Hudyma A. A. 
Published: September 2018

Nowadays stop the bleeding and fight against its consequences determines further success in the survival and rehabilitation of the victim. It is extremely important to find ways to improve the ischemic metabolism as a result of overlaying a tissue turnstile. Enzymes of the glutathione system are actively involved in combating the effects of hypoxia, therefore, the experimental detection of critical periods of depression of this protectional link is the basis for the further search for effective methods of correction and condition stabilization of the affected organism.The aim of the study – to determine the role of glutathione system of the liver and kidneys in the pathogenesis of experimental ischemia-reperfusion (EIR) in the early and remote post-traumatic periods.Materials and Methods. The object of the study – 196 males of white male rats with a body weight 220–240 g, divided into 4 groups, 10 individuals in each. Animals of the control group were withdrawn from the study without surgical intervention, while in the experimental groups, injuries were simulated: a hemostatic tourniquet on the thigh (J) over two hours; isolated blood loss from the femoral vein (40%) – (K); two-hour ischemia, combined with blood loss (J + K) and two-hour ischemia, combined with blood loss and mechanical trauma (J + K + P). The animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the intervention by total bleeding from the heart.Results and Discussion. According to the activation of the lipid peroxidation, which was represented by the growth of the concentration of malonic dialdehyde, diene and trienic conjugates, an active response from the glutathione system was detected: the activation of glutathioneperoxidase activity, an increase of glutathionereductase activity against the decrease restored glutathione concentration. But in the kidney tissue the activity of glutathione system enzymes was somewhat lower, herewith in some periods, conversly, they exceeded liver parameters. These results, in our opinion, indicate that the reason of such their dividing, mainly, it is total debilitation of the glutathione system in the posttraumatical period. It was 1 and 3 days after trauma and partly depended of the injury severity. At the same time, even an isolated overlay of the hemostatic tourniquet led to significant changes of the glutathione system and was represented by response to the activation of lipid peroxidation. This confirms the necessity to continue the series of experiments.Conclusions. The obtained results of the experiments revealed a significant inhibition of the reduced glutathione concentration in the liver, and no so expressed in the kidneys. Especially depression of its activity was on the background of bleeding associated with ischemia, and bleeding associated with ischemia and mechanical trauma. Decrease of glutathioneperoxidase and glutathionereductase activity coincided with increase of lipid peroxidation.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНІ ВІДМІННОСТІ ПРОСТОРОВОЇ РЕОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПЛАЦЕНТ У ЖІНОК ІЗ СИНДРОМОМ ВТРАТИ ПЛОДА БЕЗ КОРЕКЦІЇ ТА НА ФОНІ МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ
Authors: Malanchuk L. M. , Krivitska G. O. , Malanchuk S. L. , Martinyuk V. М. 
Published: September 2018

Fetal loss syndrome is a polyethyologic syndrome. In the genesis of reproductive losses, great importance is given to the inferior transformation of the endometrium and to the disturbance of trophoblast invasion processes. Study of changes in the placenta inherent in the fetal loss syndrome will allow to understand the pathogenesis of syndrome formation, to reveal the role of the vascular factor in the development of degenerative changes and to choose pathogenetically valid correction of the revealed disorders.The aim of the study – to compare the macro and microscopic structure of the placenta of women with fetal loss syndrome without additional correction and against the background of the proposed medical treatment.Materials and Methods. 100 placenta examination (group I formed 50 placenta of women who received medical therapy were performed, provided by the provisions of the clinical protocols of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, group II – placenta mothers, who during the pregnancy additionally appointed a donor of nitric oxide and the drug of vitamin B9).Results and Discussion. In the visual assessment and investigation of the histological structure of the placenta of the I group, we have been detected various pathological changes that are characteristic of the dystrophic-degenerative processes. In the second group placenta is noted reduction of pathological manifestations and activation of adaptive-compensatory processes.Conclusions. Integrated therapy using a nitric oxide dopant and vitamin B9 helps to improve metabolic processes in the fetoplacental system.
РОЗВИТОК СИНДРОМУ ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ ЗА УМОВ ПОЄДНАНОЇ ТРАВМИ ОРГАНІВ ЧЕРЕВНОЇ ПОРОЖНИНИ НА ФОНІ ГІПОВОЛЕМІЧНОГО ШОКУ ТА РЕПЕРФУЗІЙНОГО СИНДРОМУ КІНЦІВКИ
Authors: Krylyuk V. O. , Tsymbaliuk G. Yu. 
Published: September 2018

Endogenous intoxication is a complicated multicomponent process caused by pathological biological activity of endogenous products or dysfunction of natural detoxification systems. The article presents the results of the experiment on ischemic-reperfusion syndrome as an aggravating factor in the development of endogenous intoxication in the model of combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock.The aim of the study – to learn the effect of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome on the changes of indicators of endogenous intoxication in the model of combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock.Materials and Methods. The experiment was conducted on 80 nonlinear male rats weighing 190–220 grams. In experimental groups ischemic-reperfusion syndrome was simulated in combination with trauma of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock and contents of endogenous intoxication markers (molecules of average mass fractions determined at wavelengths of 238, 254, 260 and 280) and the erythrocytes index of intoxication were analyzed. The probability of differences between the control group and the study group was evaluated using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test.Results and Discussion. The applications of haemostatic tourniquets on two lower limbs caused a significant reliable increase of EII indicator in all study groups. The maximum increase of EII indicator was in the group where the applications of the tourniquets were combined with the trauma of the abdominal cavity and hypovolemic shock. These data proved the potentiating effect of ischemicreperfusion syndrome on the development of systemic changes in combined trauma. It has also been shown that the manifestation of endogenous intoxication within the first 24 hours after the applications of haemostatic tourniquets is similar to that arising from the combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of massive external bleeding.Conclusions. The applications of haemostatic tourniquets to the two lower limbs for two hours enhance the development of endogenous intoxication in the model of combined injury of the abdominal cavity in the background of hypovolemic shock, that was confirmed by significant increase of EII indicator and the median mass molecules seven days after reperfusion.
Thrasymachus’ Unerring Skill and the Arguments of Republic 1
Authors: Nawar Tamer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn defending the view that justice is the advantage of the stronger, Thrasymachus puzzlingly claims that rulers never err and that any practitioner of a skill or expertise (τέχνη) is infallible. In what follows, Socrates offers a number of arguments directed against Thrasymachus’ views concerning the nature of skill, ruling, and justice. However, both Thrasymachus’ views and Socrates’ arguments against Thrasymachus’ views have frequently been misunderstood. In this paper, I clarify Thrasymachus’ views concerning the nature of skill and ability, reconstruct Socrates’ arguments against Thrasymachus’ views concerning skill and justice, and argue that Socrates’ arguments are better than often supposed.
The Razor Argument of Metaphysics A.9
Authors: González-Varela José Edgar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI discuss Aristotle’s opening argument against Platonic Forms inMetaphysicsA.9, ‘the Razor’, which criticizes the introduction of Forms on the basis of an analogy with a hypothetical case of counting things. I argue for a new interpretation of this argument, and show that it involves two interesting objections against the introduction of Forms as formal causes: one concerns the completeness and the other the adequacy of such an explanatory project.
The Nature of the Scholia on Plato’s Phaedrus
Authors: Fortier Simon 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
While we know that the interpretation of the ‘soul’s pilot’ (Phaedrus 247c7-8) found in Hermias’ Scholia on Plato’s Phaedrus differs considerably from that of Syrianus and Proclus, this difference has not shifted the prevailing opinion that the Scholia are a faithful transcript of Syrianus’ lectures on the Phaedrus. I argue, however, that the difference over the soul’s pilot is only the first in a series of elements which are difficult, if not impossible, to ascribe to Syrianus. This, I believe, is compelling evidence that the Scholia contain the ideas of both Syrianus and Hermias.
MicroRNA-520a suppresses HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells by inactivating AKT
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Jinqian , Chen Jinglong 
Published: September 2018

Objective To investigate whether the mechanism by which a microRNA, miR-520a, suppresses the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) involves the regulation of the serine/threonine kinase ( AKT) gene. Methods The effects of miR-520a on the proliferation, mitotic index and apoptosis of the HBV-replicating human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2.2.15 were measured using standard laboratory methods including flow cytometry. The effects of miR-520a on HBV transcription and replication were assessed using methods including immunoassays and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to AKT on the levels of AKT mRNA and protein were also evaluated. Results In HepG2.2.15 cells, miRNA-520a reduced HBV transcription and replication by reducing AKT levels. MiRNA-520a decreased cell proliferation and mitosis entry of cells and increased apoptosis in HepG2.2.15 cells. AKT levels were reduced significantly by its siRNA, which resulted in suppression of HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells. Conclusions MiRNA-520a inhibited AKT gene expression and suppressed HBV transcription and replication. These findings suggest that miRNA-520a may be a novel target for the treatment of HBV infection because miRNA-520a reduced HepG2.2.15 cell survival and inhibited HBV replication associated with the AKT signalling pathway.
Reduced Versus Conventional Dose Insulin for Hyperkalemia Treatment
Authors: Garcia Joshua , Pintens Megan , Morris Amanda , Takamoto Paul , Baumgartner Laura , Tasaka Chelsea L. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Using a reduced dose of 5 units of regular insulin has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate the risk of hypoglycemia when treating hyperkalemia. The comparative efficacy and safety of this strategy to conventional 10 units is not well established. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of reduced and conventional dosed insulin for hyperkalemia treatment. Methods: Electronic medication administration reports of conventional or reduced doses of insulin given for hyperkalemia treatment were reviewed from July 2013 to September 2015. The primary outcome was reduction in serum potassium. Results: Ninety-two administrations of reduced dose insulin and 309 administrations of conventional dose insulin were included. No significant difference was found in potassium reduction between the groups (−0.096 mmol/L, P value = .2210). Post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with serum potassium > 6 mmol/L revealed a lower reduction in potassium in the reduced dose group compared to the conventional dose group (difference: −0.238 mmol/L, P value = .018). Conclusions Conventional dose insulin may be more effective than reduced dose regular insulin at baseline serum potassium levels >6 mmol/L in the treatment of hyperkalemia. Frequent monitoring of serum potassium and glucose after administration of insulin is necessary to confirm adequate response and avoidance of hypoglycemia.
Multi-Scale Modelling of Long-Term Mechanical Behaviour in Polymer Composite Laminates with Woven Fibre Architecture
Authors: Gupta V. , Roy S. , Dharani L. R. 
Published: September 2018

A comprehensive analytical model for predicting the long-term durability of polymers and polymer matrix composites should in general take into account polymer viscoelastic/viscoplastic creep, hygrothermal effects, and the effects of physical and chemical ageing on material response. These effects, in turn are influenced by a multitude of factors such as polymer morphology, service temperature, ambient relative humidity, internal moisture concentrations, stacking sequence, fibre volume fraction, fibre architecture, applied stress level, degree of damage and ageing time. The primary objective of this paper is to present a multi-scale modelling methodology to simulate the long-term interlaminar properties in polymer matrix woven composites and then predict the critical regions where failure is most likely to occur. A micro-mechanics approach towards modelling the out-of-plane viscoelastic behaviour of a five-harness satin woven-fibre cross-ply composite laminate is presented, taking into consideration the weave architecture and time-dependent effects. In-plane properties are assumed to be dominated by the carbon fibres and are hence deemed elastic. The classical lamination theory model proposed by Raju and Wang is adapted to include the in-plane elastic behaviour of woven fibre composites. For the matrixdominated out-of-plane response, a viscoelastic creep model is employed to model the resin, based on Schapery's nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive law. In addition, physical ageing of the matrix has been included in the model, using the effective time theory proposed by Struik. Furthermore, the effect of large deflections and rotations on the time dependent out-of-plane behaviour is also investigated using the micro-mechanics model. The homogenized in-plane and out-of-plane compliance obtained using the proposed micro-mechanics methodology could be applied within the framework of a structural finite element code to model the macro-scale long-term behaviour of a woven fabric composite structure.
Use of Post-Life Waste and Production Waste in Thermoplastic Polymer Compositions
Authors: Kowalska Ewa , Wielgosz Zbigniew , Pelka Janina 
Published: September 2018

Voluminous post-life waste and production waste pose the paramount environmental problem of our times. One major problem is how to reuse post-life waste: spent plastics, rubber scrap, worn-out automobile tyres, waste paper and production waste; wood pulp or powder and particularly the waste arising in the production of fertiliser, phosphogypsum. We have been studying the re-use of these wastes as blends with virgin and recycled polymers. These novel polymer compositions can be used to make: • porous pipes intended for irrigation or fertilization. • vehicle parts in the automobile industry • tiles or flooring in the building industry • road safety and traffic control equipment • sound-absorbing screens along motorways • packing in biological wastewater treatment • biodegradable flower pots, buckets, fence elements and similar profiles.
Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of Silicone Carbide Whisker-Filled Liquid Crystalline Polymer Melts
Authors: Katsuhiko Araki , Takeshi Kitano , Takahiro Tanegashima , Anezka Lengalova , Petr Saha 
Published: September 2018

Dynamic viscoelasticity of melts of semi-aromatic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and its silicone carbide (SiC) whisker-filled compounds was measured to analyze quantitatively their nonlinear viscoelastic properties by Fourier expansion of the shear stress wave. For LCP the tertiary terms, G'3 and G″3, are considerably smaller than their primary terms, G'1 and G″1, i.e. their viscoelasticity is almost linear. Viscoelastic behaviour of the silicone carbide whisker-filled LCP system was compared with that of the carbon fiber (CF)- and glass fiber (GF)-filled LCP systems presented in [18]. The CF/LCP system shows a dependence of the oscillatory angle upon its G'i and G″i, making both accordingly decrease with increasing i from 1 to 3 and 5. The G'3 and G″3 values of the polymer system, compared to its G'1 and G″1 counterparts, are sufficiently large not to be negligible, suggesting that the system's viscoelasticity is nonlinear. Furthermore, the SiC whisker-filled LCP system was examined for the dependence of the ratios G'i/G'1 and G″i/G″1 (i = 3, 5), and Gi/G1 (i = 3, 5, 7) as indicators of the degree of viscoelastic nonlinearity upon angular frequency. The results did not show any significant difference between G'3/G'1 and G'5/G'1 values, or between G″3/G″1 and G″5/G″1 values. The ratio Gi/G1 (i = 3, 5, 7), representing the nonlinearity of viscoelasticity of the system, however, is higher with an increase in the oscillatory angle.
Influence of Compatibiliser and Wood Flour on the Non-Isothermal Crystallisation Behaviour of Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Guo Chuigen , Ma Lichun , Wang Qingwen 
Published: September 2018

The influence of m-isopropenyl-±,±dimethylbenzyl isocyanate grafted polypropylene (m-TMI-g-PP) and wood flour (WF) on the non-isothermal crystallisation behaviour of wood flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The crystalline morphology of PP was observed by polarised optical microscopy. The results demonstrated that the wood flour induces nucleation, while m-TMI-g-PP could greatly reduce the number of nucleation sites of the WF. Avrami analysis showed that the non-isothermal crystallisation of PP and its composites followed the Avrami equation. The activation energy was calculated by using the Kissinger method, and the values were 253.3, 197.4 and 203.1kJ·mol-1 for PP, WF/PP and WF/m-TMI-g-PP/PP, respectively. This proved the nucleation effect of WF; the effect was much smaller in the presence of compatibiliser. The results indicate that the presence of m-TMI-g-PP generates a compatibilisation phenomenon, which leads to a reduction in the crystallisation rate, crystallisation temperature and crystallinity, and an increase in activation energy of PP compared with WF/PP composite.
Surviving in the Plastics Recycling Industry
Authors: Hornberger Lee 
Published: September 2018

Rising resin prices and decreasing landfill availability accelerated the expansion of the consumer plastics recycling industry in the 1980's. Unfortunately, many of the recycling companies that were started during this optimistic time quickly learned that economic recycling of post-consumer waste was extremely difficult and they went out of business. Those recycling companies that survived managed to develop stable technologies and markets for their products. These businesses are models for their industry as well as for the emerging automotive and electronic plastics recycling industry. In this study, the annual sales, experience, markets, growth strategies, technology and leadership of 36 recycling firms were evaluated to determine the characteristics that helped these companies survive in this difficult industry. These recycling firms were located in the United States and in Europe. Four elements were found to be present in most of the surviving companies: a) a willingness to adapt to changes in the marketplace b) extensive knowledge of recycling technology c) financial and technical support and d) strong internal leadership.
Literature Review Prevention and Reduction of Plastic Waste in European Automotive Producers
Authors: Jimenez Alexis Baltazar y 
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses the issue of plastic recycling in the European automotive industry, specifically the plastic waste generated through end-of-life vehicles (ELV). It also explores the existing relationship between engineering materials selection, and what are considered to be the critical issues currently present in the automotive recycling field. Research found that although a new set of recycling technologies has been developed, an increase in the protection of the environment might end in reduced margins for the automobile manufacturers, in addition to a rise in the costs of recycling.
Environmental Aspects of Mechanical Recycling of PE and PET: A Life Cycle Assessment Study
Authors: Perugini Floriana , Mastellone Maria Laura , Arena Umberto 
Published: September 2018

The quantification of the actual environmental advantage of mechanical recycling of post-consumer PET and PE liquid containers was the main aim of the study. The phases of collection, compaction, sorting, reprocessing and refuse disposal in the Italian system of plastic packaging waste recycling were individually analysed and quantified in terms of energy and material consumptions as well as of emissions in the environment. The results indicate that the recycling scenarios are always preferable to those of non-recycling. The energy saving could be as large as 185% if the energy recovery from scrap wastes is realised. The reduction in material consumption is even very large, indicating, for instance, that in only one year the Italian system for plastic liquid containers is able to save more than 83,000t of crude oil, 28,000t of gas and 23,000t of coal. The calculations were made with the (reasonable) assumption that the final utilization can use the virgin or the recycled polymer without any difference.
The Effect of Waxes on Rubber Vulcanisates
Authors: Agrawal S.L. , Mandot S. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Mukhopadhyay R. , Deuri A.S. 
Published: September 2018

Certain substances like wax, when incorporated into rubber vulcanisates during mixing prior to vulcanisation are able to bloom and form a surface layer with significant importance in appearance and in protection against ozone. In tyres, this is particularly important in sidewall compounds as ozone protection reflects in its storage, both under static and dynamic conditions, and appearance plays an important role in determining acceptance in today‘s competitive market. In this paper, the effect of different waxes and their blends on the properties of sidewall compounds with varying natural rubber/butadiene rubber ratios, is reported. It was found that blends of paraffin and microcrystalline waxes with specific carbon chain distributions resulted in optimum properties.
Effect of Phenol-CNSL Formaldehyde Copolymer on Thermal Ageing of NBR
Authors: Mary Lubi C. , Thachil Eby Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a cheap agro-by-product and renewable resource which consists mainly of substituted phenols. A CNSL based resin was used in this study to modify the aging properties of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR). The resin was a copolymer obtained by condensing a mixture of phenol and CNSL with hexamethylene tetramine. The effect of the resin on the ageing of NBR vulcanizates was studied by following changes in tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and tear strength. Resins with different phenol/formaldehyde ratios and CNSL/phenol ratios were incorporated into NBR and the physical properties determined. Comparison of the properties of the aged material containing the CNSL resin with those of specimens not containing the resin show improved ageing characteristics with respect to tensile strength, modulus and tear strength.