bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence analysis of different design conditions on urban runoff and nonpoint source pollution
Authors: Li Jiake , Ma Menghua , Li Yajiao , Zhang Zhaoxin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUrban waterlogging and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution caused by urbanization have considerably increased, and their control effects are affected by many factors. This study established a distribution model to analyze the influences of different rainfall conditions and rain garden layouts on runoff output and NPS pollution. Simulation results showed that (a) the reduction rates of the runoff and pollution load decreased from 45% to 23% and from 57% to 23% with increasing rainfall duration (1–24 hr). The flow and concentration peaks, total discharge amount and load increased, and the reduction rates of the runoff and pollution load decreased from 47% to 32% and from 60% to 21%, respectively, with increasing recurrence period (1–50 annual). The changes in the rain peak coefficient had minimal reduction effect on water quantity and quality. (b) Under different rain garden layouts, the reduction rates of the runoff and pollution load were 37%–52% and 13%–57%, respectively. The reduction effects of the runoff and pollution load improved, whereas amplitudes decreased with increasing rain garden layouts (0%–4%). (c) Rainfall duration and rain garden proportion greatly influenced the runoff and load reductions, respectively.Practitioner points

The reduction effects of runoff and pollution load under different rainfall conditions were simulated and analyzed.

The reduction effects of runoff and pollution load under different setting proportions of rain garden were simulated and analyzed.

The influence degrees of different design conditions on water quantity and quality reduction rates were evaluated.
Fundamental truthmakers and non-fundamental truths
Authors: Schipper Arthur 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, philosophers have tried to develop a version of truthmaker theory which ties the truthmaking relation (T-REL) closely to the notion of fundamentality. In fact, some of these truthmaker-fundamentalists (TF-ists), as I call them, assume that the notion of fundamentality is intelligible in part by citing, as central examples of fundamentals, truthmakers, which they understand necessarily as constituents of fundamental reality. The aim of this paper is first to bring some order and clarity to this discussion, sketching how far TF is compatible with orthodox truthmaking, and then critically to evaluate the limits of TF. It will be argued that truthmaker theory cannot directly help with articulating the nature of fundamental reality and that T-REL does not necessarily relate truths with anything more fundamental, unless what is fundamental is what the truthbearers in question are about. I shall argue that TF faces a rather thorny dilemma and some general problems. I shall present two exhaustive types of fundamentalism on which a version of TF can be based: deflationary and inflationary. It will be argued that each version of TF runs into significant troubles accounting for all truth, specifically ordinary truths and metaphysical truths about the relations between ordinary facts and fundamental facts. I shall not attempt to solve these problems, but rather, at the end, diagnose the issues with TF as lying in the difficulties with reconciling the manifest image with the scientific and metaphysical images of reality.
Prediction of Rail Contact Fatigue on Crossings Using Image Processing and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Sysyn Mykola , Gerber Ulf , Nabochenko Olga , Gruen Dmitri , Kluge Franziska 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an application of computer vision and machine learning algorithms for common crossing frog diagnostics is presented. The rolling surface fatigue of frogs along the crossing lifecycle is analysed. The research is based on information from high-resolution optical images of the frog rolling surface and images from magnetic particle inspection. Image processing methods are used to pre-process the images and to detect the feature set that corresponds to objects similar to surface cracks. Machine learning methods are used for the analysis of crack images from the beginning to the end of the crossing lifecycle. Statistically significant crack features and their combinations that depict the surface fatigue state are found. The research result consists of the early prediction of rail contact fatigue.
Association of TLR4 with Alzheimer's disease risk and presymptomatic biomarkers of inflammation
Authors: Miron Justin , Picard Cynthia , Lafaille‐Magnan Marie‐Élyse , Savard Mélissa , Labonté Anne , Breitner John , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Auld Daniel , Poirier Judes ,   for the PREVENT‐AD research group
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionA coding variant in the TLR4 receptor (rs4986790), previously associated with longevity and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk reduction, was examined in a population isolate (Québec Founder Population [QFP]) and in presymptomatic individuals with a parental history of AD (Pre‐Symptomatic Evaluation of Novel or Experimental Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease [PREVENT‐AD]).MethodsGenotyping was performed using the Illumina HumanHap 550k (QFP) and the Illumina Omni2.5 beadchips (PREVENT‐AD). Cognition was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Whole‐brain cortical thickness data were analyzed using CIVET 1.12. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cytokines were obtained by using Milliplex.ResultsThe minor allele of the rs4986790 polymorphism (G) is associated with a reduced risk of developing AD in the QFP, as well as higher visuospatial and constructional abilities, higher cortical thickness in visual‐related regions, and stable cerebrospinal fluid IL‐1β levels in the PREVENT‐AD cohort.DiscussionThe rs4986790 G coding variant in the TLR4 gene appears to reduce AD risk through the modulation of IL‐1β synthesis and secretion in the presymptomatic phase of the disease.
Taming turbulent fronts by bending pipes
Authors: Barkley D. 
Published: June 2019

The flow of fluid through a pipe has been instrumental in illuminating the subcritical route to turbulence typical of many wall-bounded shear flows. Especially important in this process are the turbulent–laminar fronts that separate the turbulent and laminar flow. Four years ago Michael Graham (Nature, vol. 526, 2015, p. 508) wrote a commentary entitled ‘Turbulence spreads like wildfire’, which is a picturesque but also accurate characterisation of the way turbulence spreads through laminar flow in a straight pipe. In this spirit, the recent article by Rinaldi et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 866, 2019, pp. 487–502) shows that turbulent wildfires are substantially tamed in bent pipes. These authors find that even at modest pipe curvature, the characteristic strong turbulent–laminar fronts of straight pipe flow vanish. As a result, the propagation of turbulent structures is modified and there are hints that the route to turbulence is fundamentally altered.
Association of diet quality and physical activity with healthy ageing in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Assmann Karen E. , Adjibade Moufidath , Adriouch Solia , Andreeva Valentina A. , Julia Chantal , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA growing number of studies have explored overall health during ageing in a holistic manner by investigating multidimensional models of healthy ageing (HA). However, little attention has been given to the role of adherence to national nutrition guidelines in that context. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between adherence to the French nutrition guidelines and HA. The authors analysed data from 21 407 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study with a median baseline age of 55·6 years (2009–2014) and initially free of major chronic diseases. HA was defined as not developing major chronic disease, no depressive symptoms, no function-limiting pain, independence in instrumental activities of daily living, good physical, cognitive and social functioning, as well as good self-perceived health. Adherence to guidelines of the French Nutrition and Health Programme (Programme National Nutrition Santé or PNNS) was measured via the PNNS Guideline Score (PNNS-GS), using baseline data from repeated 24-h dietary records and physical activity questionnaires. After a median follow-up of 5·7 years, 46·3 % of participants met our HA criteria. Robust-error-variance Poisson regression revealed that higher PNNS-GS scores, reflecting higher adherence to nutrition recommendations (including both diet and physical activity guidelines), were associated with a higher probability to age healthily (relative riskquartile 4 v. quartile 1 = 1·17 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·22)). Supplementary analyses revealed that this association may, to a small part, be mediated by weight status. The results suggest that high adherence to the French national nutrition recommendations may be linked to better overall health throughout ageing.
Un instrument d’analyse fonctionnelle des langues: la théorie des lieux linguistiques
Authors: S.J. Ernest Richer 
Published: June 2019

“To be is to be related.” (Kassius J. Keyser)Tenu sur la sellette depuis les années de F. de Saussure, le logicisme grammatical voit ses positions reculer constamment, grâce aux fruits sans cesse accumulés de l’investigation structuraliste en matière de langage. La théorie des lieux linguistiques est un système qui s’inscrit dans le grand mouvement contemporain de révision et de progrès. Destinée originellement à concourir au remplacement de la traditionnelle distinction des “parties du discours”, la théorie, depuis son eclosión et après les modestes essais d’application qui en ont été faits, a vu ses cadres s’élargir, pour embrasser finalement l’ensemble des faits de langue, tels que présentés par la chaîne parlée en n’importe quel idiome.
Studies on the properties of New Zealand butterfats: V. The effect of stage of lactation
Authors: McDowall F. H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMilk and butterfat yields, and the properties of butterfats from the milks, were compared in three successive years for early- and late-calving cows of monozygotic twin pairs grazed on the same pastures, over the period when both cows of the twin pairs were in lactation.The seasonal fluctuations in the properties of the butterfat were closely similar for the two groups of cows in all three trials. This was taken to indicate that the known regular pattern of seasonal change in the properties of New Zealand butterfat over all North Island districts is not due to change in stage of lactation of the cows but is probably the result of a regular change in the feeding conditions.The average milk and butterfat yields were lower for the early-calving cows during the comparison period, the iodine values were higher, and the Reichert and saponification values were lower. The early-calving cows were uniformly heavier than the late-calving cows. It is suggested that the consistent differences in the butterfat characteristics over the whole comparison period could be due to differences in the extent to which body fat reserves were drawn upon by the cows for maintenance of lactation.The average carotene and vitamin A contents of the butterfats were not appreciably different for the two groups of cows, indicating that these values are not directly related to stage of lactation of the cows or to yield of milk or butterfat.
Studying the Political Problems of French-speaking Tropical Africa in Paris
Authors: Hymans J. 
Published: June 2019

Among the principal Parisian libraries with African document collections are:
(1) Library of the Institut d'Etudes Politiques, 27 Rue St. Guillaume, Paris VIeme (metro: St. Germain des Prés).
These facilities are a good starting point for the foreign Africanist visiting Paris. Of particular interest are the “dossiers” of the “Centre de Documentation” (third floor of the library) where under various headings (such as “French relations with Africa”) one may find press clippings from about 100 of the major French newspapers and periodicals. The dossiers of clippings are kept up to date and extend back for several years. In the same third floor library there exists a special card catalog in which thousands of articles which have appeared in French periodicals for the past ten years are listed and briefly analyzed; there are several hundred cards dealing with French-speaking Africa. This special catalog is kept up to date and has trays devoted to each of the new African nations.
Problematic internet use: an exploration of associations between cognition and COMT rs4818, rs4680 haplotypes
Authors: Ioannidis Konstantinos , Redden Sarah A. , Valle Stephanie , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveProblematic internet users suffer from impairment in a variety of cognitive domains. Research suggests that COMT haplotypes exert differential effects on cognition. We sought to investigate differences in the genetic profiles of problematic internet users and whether those could shed light on potential cognitive differences.MethodsWe recruited 206 non-treatment seeking participants with heightened impulsive traits and obtained cross-sectional demographic, clinical, and cognitive data as well as the genetic haplotypes of COMT rs4680 and rs4818. We identified 24 participants who presented with problematic internet use (PIU) and compared PIU and non-PIU participants using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi square as appropriate.ResultsPIU was associated with worse performance on decision making, rapid visual processing, and spatial working memory tasks. Genetic variants were associated with altered cognitive performance, but rates of PIU did not statistically differ for particular haplotypes of COMT.ConclusionThis study indicates that PIU is characterized by deficits in decision making and working memory domains; it also provides evidence for elevated impulsive responses and impaired target detection on a sustained attention task, which is a novel area worth exploring further in future work. The effects observed in the genetic influences on cognition of PIU subjects imply that the genetic heritable components of PIU may not lie within the genetic loci influencing COMT function and cognitive performance; or that the genetic component in PIU involves many genetic polymorphisms each conferring only a small effect.
Distinct Degassing Pulses During Magma Invasion in the Stratified Karoo Basin—New Insights From Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Modeling
Authors: Galerne C. Y. , Hasenclever J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMagma emplacement in organic‐rich sedimentary basins is a main driver of past environmental crises. Using a 2‐D numerical model, we investigate the process of thermal cracking in contact aureoles of cooling sills and subsequent transport and emission of thermogenic methane by hydrothermal fluids. Our model includes a Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion to initiate hydrofracturing and a dynamic porosity/permeability. We investigate the Karoo Basin, taking into account host‐rock material properties from borehole data, realistic total organic carbon content, and different sill geometries. Consistent with geological observations, we find that thermal plumes quickly rise at the edges of saucer‐shaped sills, guided along vertically fractured high‐permeability pathways. Contrastingly, less focused and slower plumes rise from the edges and the central part of flat‐lying sills. Using a novel upscaling method based on sill‐to‐sediment ratio, we find that degassing of the Karoo Basin occurred in two distinct phases during magma invasion. Rapid degassing triggered by sills emplaced within the top 1.5 km emitted ~1.6·103 Gt of thermogenic methane, while thermal plumes originating from deeper sills, carrying a 13‐times‐greater mass of methane, may not reach the surface. We suggest that these large quantities of methane could be remobilized by the heat provided by neighboring sills. We conclude that the Karoo large igneous province may have emitted as much as ~22.3·103 Gt of thermogenic methane in the half million years of magmatic activity, with emissions up to 3 Gt/year. This quantity of methane and the emission rates can explain the negative δ13C excursion of the Toarcian environmental crisis.
Ionospheric Plasma Bubble Zonal Drift Derived From Total Electron Content Measurements
Authors: Silva R. P. , Souza J. R. , Sobral J. H. A. , Denardini C. M. , Borba G. L. , Santos M. A. F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEquatorial plasma bubbles consist of field‐aligned large‐scale depletions, or irregularities, characterized by drastic ion density rarefactions of the nocturnal low latitude/equatorial ionosphere. Understanding their behavior is important because of their degrading effects on radio wave signals and, consequently, their respective technological applications such as, for example, Global Positioning System applications. In this sense, a methodology of pattern recognition was developed and implemented here using the Long‐Term Ionospheric Anomaly Monitoring in order to infer the plasma bubbles zonal drift velocities, using two receiving stations of global navigation satellite systems data from the Brazilian Continuous Monitoring Network, located near to each other, in Salvador (BA) during geomagnetically quiet periods. The study covered the years of 2012, 2013, and 2014 for the months from September to January of the following year, choosing 10 representative days for each month. The average results for the plasma bubble zonal velocities provided by the model calculations were in agreement with the well‐known values. However, monthly individual analysis showed a behavior anticorrelated with that expected for high solar flux. Probably, the unexpected behavior is due to atypical configuration of the solar activity ascending phase.
Modulation of Seismic Attenuation at Parkfield, Before and After the 2004 M6 Earthquake
Authors: Malagnini L. , Dreger D.S. , Bürgmann R. , Munafò I. , Sebastiani G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe crack density within a fault's damage zone is thought to vary as seismic rupture is approached, as well as in the postseismic period. Moreover, external stress loads, seasonal or tidal, may also change the crack density in rocks, and all such processes can leave detectable signatures on seismic attenuation. Here we show that attenuation time histories from the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield are affected by seasonal loading cycles, as well as by 1.5–3‐year periodic variations of creep rates, consistent with Turner et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011998), who documented a broad spectral peak, between 1.5 and 4 years, of the spectra calculated over the activity of repeating earthquakes, and over InSAR time series. After the Parkfield main shock, we see a clear modulation between seismic attenuation correlated to tidal forces. Opposite attenuation trends are seen on the two sides of the fault up to the M6.5 2003 San Simeon earthquake, when attenuation changed discontinuously, in the same directions of the relative trends. Attenuation increased steadily of over one year on the SW side of the San Andreas Fault, until the San Simeon earthquake, whereas it decreased steadily on the NE side of the San Andreas Fault, roughly for the six months prior to the event. Random fluctuations are observed up to the 2004 M6 Parkfield main shock, when rebounds in opposite directions are observed, in which attenuation decreased on the SW side, and increased on the NE side.
Sensitivity of Convective Self‐Aggregation to Domain Size
Authors: Patrizio Casey R. , Randall David A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 3‐D cloud‐resolving model has been used to investigate the domain size dependence of simulations of convective self‐aggregation (CSA) in radiative‐convective equilibrium. We investigate how large a domain is needed to allow multiple convective clusters and also how the properties equilibrated CSA depend on domain size. We used doubly periodic square domains of widths 768, 1,536, 3,072, and 6,144 km, over 350 simulated days. In the 768‐, 1,536‐, and 3,072‐km domains, the simulations produced circular convective clusters surrounded by broader regions of dry, subsiding air. In the 6,144‐km domain, the convection ultimately forms two semiconnected bands. As the domain size increases, equilibrated CSA moistens in two ways. First, as the circulation widens, this leads to stronger boundary layer winds and a more humid boundary layer. Second, the stronger inflow into the convective region boundary layer is associated with a warmer convective region boundary layer, which leads to intensified deep convection, more melting and freezing near the freezing level, enhanced midlevel stability, increased congestus activity, and detrainment of moist air into the dry region. In the larger domains, the deep convection and congestus slowly oscillate out of phase with each other with a time period of about 25 to 30 days. We hypothesize that other important domain size sensitivities, including a decrease in net moist static energy export from the convective region, are fundamentally linked to the increasing relationship between domain size and boundary layer wind speed. Our results suggest that the statistics of CSA converge only for domains wider than about 3,000 km.
c-kit Haploinsufficiency impairs adult cardiac stem cell growth, myogenicity and myocardial regeneration
Authors: Aquila Iolanda , Cianflone Eleonora , Scalise Mariangela , Marino Fabiola , Mancuso Teresa , Filardo Andrea , Smith Andrew J. , Cappetta Donato , De Angelis Antonella , Urbanek Konrad , Isidori Andrea M. , Torella Michele , Agosti Valter , Viglietto Giuseppe , Nadal-Ginard Bernardo , Ellison-Hughes Georgina M. , Torella Daniele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn overdose of Isoproterenol (ISO) causes acute cardiomyocyte (CM) dropout and activates the resident cardiac c-kitpos stem/progenitor cells (CSCs) generating a burst of new CM formation that replaces those lost to ISO. Recently, unsuccessful attempts to reproduce these findings using c-kitCre knock-in (KI) mouse models were reported. We tested whether c-kit haploinsufficiency in c-kitCreKI mice was the cause of the discrepant results in response to ISO. Male C57BL/6J wild-type (wt) mice and c-kitCreKI mice were given a single dose of ISO (200 and/or 400 mg/Kg s.c.). CM formation was measured with different doses and duration of BrdU or EdU. We compared the myogenic and regenerative potential of the c-kitCreCSCs with wtCSCs. Acute ISO overdose causes LV dysfunction with dose-dependent CM death by necrosis and apoptosis, whose intensity follows a basal-apical and epicardium to sub-endocardium gradient, with the most severe damage confined to the apical sub-endocardium. The damage triggers significant new CM formation mainly in the apical sub-endocardial layer. c-kit haploinsufficiency caused by c-kitCreKIs severely affects CSCs myogenic potential. c-kitCreKI mice post-ISO fail to respond with CSC activation and show reduced CM formation and suffer chronic cardiac dysfunction. Transplantation of wtCSCs rescued the defective regenerative cardiac phenotype of c-kitCreKI mice. Furthermore, BAC-mediated transgenesis of a single c-kit gene copy normalized the functional diploid c-kit content of c-kitCreKI CSCs and fully restored their regenerative competence. Overall, these data show that c-kit haploinsufficiency impairs the endogenous cardioregenerative response after injury affecting CSC activation and CM replacement. Repopulation of c-kit haploinsufficient myocardial tissue with wtCSCs as well c-kit gene deficit correction of haploinsufficient CSCs restores CM replacement and functional cardiac repair. Thus, adult neo-cardiomyogenesis depends on and requires a diploid level of c-kit.