bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Envisioning Systems Engineering as a Transdisciplinary Venture
Authors: Sillitto Hillary , Griego Regina , Arnold Eileen , Dori Dov , Martin James , McKinney Dorothy , Godfrey Patrick , Krob Daniel , Jackson Scott 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe envision that Systems Engineering (SE) can be transformed into a truly transdisciplinary discipline – a foundational meta‐discipline that supports and enables collaboration between all the disciplines that should be involved in conceiving, building, using and evolving a system so that it will continue to be successful and fit for purpose as time passes. SE can be applied in different ways depending on the situation and how well current SE process patterns are matched to the problem in hand. We identify four elements of this new transdisciplinary framework: SE Tenets; SE Approach; SE Process; and SE Toolbox. We suggest that the use of SE then needs to be considered in three domains: problem space, solution space, and transformation space that helps us along the development‐delivery‐evolution trajectory. We propose twelve SE tenets and show how they should be applied in these three domains. We perceive that even though all elements of the current SE Process can be justified in terms of the twelve tenets applied to these three domains, the current commonly used, standardized SE Process is not suitable for all situations requiring an SE Approach or an application of the SE Tenets. We claim that the framework presented in this paper can act as a unifying structure that facilitates the evolution of Systems Engineering from the current focus on a “standardized” process model suited to a particular class of problem, to a more agile and capable “transdiscipline” that will provide an enabling construct for more successful collaborations that can better deal with a wider range of complicated, complex and chaotic problem situations.
MBSE Applicability Analysis in Chinese Industry
Authors: Lu Jinzhi , Wen Yuejie , Liu Qi , Gürdür Didem , Törngren Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractModel‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is an emerging technique widely used in current industry. It is a leading way expected to become a next generation standard practice in the systems engineering. Fundamental principles of systems engineering can be supported by a model‐based approach to minimize design risks and avoid design changes in late development stages. The models can be used to formalize, analyze, design, optimize, verify and validate target products integrating engineering developments, organizations and products across domains. Though model‐based development is well established in specific domains, such as software, mechanical system, electric systems, its role in integrated development from a system perspective is still a big challenge for current Chinese industry. In this paper, a survey from volunteers related with MBSE is taken by using questionnaires. The purpose of this survey is to highlight the usage and status of MBSE in current Chinese industry and address the rough understandings of MBSE concepts among system developers in China based on the answers about usages, advantages, barriers, concerns, trends of MBSE, particularly the perspective of tool‐chain development.
ADAPTIVE CYBER‐PHYSICAL‐HUMAN SYSTEMS: Exploiting Cognitive Modeling and Machine Learning in the Control Loop
Authors: Madni Azad M. , Sievers Michael , Madni Carla Conaway 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCyber‐Physical‐Human (CPH) Systems are purposeful arrangements of sensors, computers, communication devices, and humans to perform tasks that achieve specific mission objectives. These systems typically allow other systems, devices, and data streams to connect/disconnect as needed during mission execution. The roles of humans in CPH systems are quite varied. In adaptive CPH systems, humans collaborate with the cyber‐physical elements to jointly accomplish tasks, and adapt to changing contexts to accomplish mission goals. Mutual adaptation based on prior knowledge, cognitive modeling, and online machine learning are key characteristics of adaptive CPH systems. This paper presents key challenges in realizing adaptive CPH systems. It discusses learning and adaptation, as well as human and CPS roles in adaptive CPH systems. It offers a functional (reference) architecture to inform and guide the development of adaptive CPH systems. It concludes with a discussion of research needed to advance the state‐of‐the‐art of adaptive CPH systems.
Developing Case‐Based Costs Estimation: A Recursive Approach and Case Study
Authors: Zhu Haifeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractToday many complex systems are built starting from certain prior products. Traditional cost estimation methods assuming products are built from scratch and using simple methods such as linear regressions can lead to significant errors. This paper studies the switching costs, the costs of developing a new product that is built based upon a previously developed product. It presents a series of systematic study results including its concept, properties, an estimation method, and operation principles. Our approach is an automated method that is able to minimize manual efforts. It can leverage historical data, acquisition information, existing cost models, commercial costing tools, and Expert Judgments (EJ). An HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system design example case was used to demonstrate our approach.
Implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for the Systems Engineering of Multinational Corporations
Authors: Brooks Ian , Longhurst James , Kossmann Mario , Odeh Mohammed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in 2015 by 193 countries. They can be characterised as sustainability ‘requirements’ for the global system. This paper provides a vision of how Multinational Companies (MNCs) are likely to experience the SDGs and their implications for Systems Engineering (SE) of the Enterprise. The SDGs do not have the status of international law and may be implemented differently in different countries over the period to 2030. MNCs will face choices about how they wish to comply today in anticipation of future requirements. Thereby, they also have the opportunity to avoid systems sustainability failures later on. This paper presents an initial approach to implementing the SDGs in the form of business requirements. The research will pave the ground for the development of a systematic framework for the adoption, monitoring and assessment of the SDGs in an SE context.
Towards Solving MBSE Adoption Challenges: The D3 MBSE Adoption Toolbox
Authors: Chami Mohammad , Aleksandraviciene Aiste , Morkevicius Aurelijus , Bruel Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIncreasing competition drives organizations to continually seek ways to improve the quality of their products and services, time to market and pricing pressures. Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) promises many benefits to solve document‐based engineering problems. However, the journey of MBSE adoption relies on several human, financial, organizational and technological factors. Organizations that decide to adopt MBSE must be aware of those factors. This paper outlines the MBSE adoption experience of a series of projects and presents an approach to support and guide organizations in overcoming MBSE adoption challenges.
A Tailoring of the Unified Architecture Framework's Meta‐Model for the Modeling of Systems‐of‐Systems
Authors: Tirone Lucio , Guidolotti Emanuele , Fornaro Lorenzo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBeing used by single companies and by coalitions of governments at the same time, Architecture Frameworks have spread widely as a key tool for the enablement of the Model Based Systems Engineering approach. The Unified Architecture Framework, promoted by the Object Management Group, is rapidly emerging as the reference framework to describe Enterprise Architecture, providing a standard representation for both defense and non‐defense organizations’ architecture descriptions. The work described in the present paper concerns the implementation of a simplified meta‐model, derived as a tailoring of the Unified Architecture Framework's full meta‐model, aimed at allowing the usage of the UAF for the description of System Architectures, rather than Enterprise Architectures. The main UAF View Domains concerned with Systems having the characteristics of Systems‐of‐Systems (Operational, Strategic and Resources), will be analyzed and a solution will be shown to allow a simple implementation of SysML models, as an architectural description of such Systems. A study case will also be presented, developed as a joint effort of Leonardo and Aster for the modeling of naval Combat Systems.
Minimum SysML Representations to Enable Rapid Evaluation using Agent‐Based Simulation
Authors: Maheshwari Apoorv , Raz Ali K. , Dervisevic Aleksandra , Campbell Robert , DeLaurentis Daniel A. , Colligan William , Murphy Andrew , Kolawole Oluwatomi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe changing operational requirements and demands for new capabilities, often makes it necessary for systems architects to make substantial changes in a system's architecture. However, the traditional systems engineering processes advocate finalization of architecture at early stages of the design process with little or no change at the later stages of the design. The simulation development is often done towards the end of the design phase and thus, the traditional systems engineering approaches do not support a rapid architecture evolution. In this paper, we propose a Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) process to facilitate rapid evaluation of changes in a system architecture and/or design artifact for complex systems. This process specifies the minimum set of information that needs to be included in system architecture using SysML diagrams with traceability between the diagrams and agent‐based simulation (ABS) models of a complex system. We demonstrate this SysML‐driven analysis approach to perform a rapid evaluation of evolving system architectures using a NASA‐sponsored project to analyzeab initioarchitectures for the National Airspace System. We also demonstrate how the proposed approach enables early‐on investigation during the architecture development whether an architecture will yield the desired operational benefit.
A morphological study of the male reproductive tract, post‐testicular acrosome maturation and spermatophore formation in the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Feng Tianyi , Paterson Brian , Johnston Stephen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInferior larval production rates of domesticated Penaeus monodon broodstock has been a major hurdle to the expansion of its aquaculture, so that a better understanding of basic male reproductive biology is critical to improve the reproductive performance of this commercially important penaeid species. Following our previous study of spermatogenesis in the species, this study explored the mechanism of spermatophore formation with regards to the contribution of the reproductive tract epithelium by light and transmission electron microscopy. Four types of epithelial secretions (S1–4) were observed contributing to the three layers of the spermatophore. The primary layer of spermatophore was composed of S1 and S2, which were released from the secretory epithelial cells of the proximal vas deferens (PVD) and the secretory epithelial cells of the sperm‐bearing lumen of the mid vas deferens, respectively. The secondary layer of the spermatophore was composed of S3, the secretory product of epithelial cells in the accessory tubule lumen of the mid vas deferens. The outer layer of the spermatophore was formed from S4 which was secreted by the epithelial cells in the posterior mid vas deferens and the terminal ampulla. Unique folds of the vas deferens epithelium appeared to play an important role in the formation of the spermatophore, particularly in the formation of the laminated structure of the spermatophore appendage. With respect to acrosome maturation along the reproductive tract, most spermatozoa did not have a fully developed anterior spike and a subacrosomal region when in the PVD, whereas both structures were fully formed by the time the spermatozoa reached the mid vas deferens and increased electron density when in the terminal ampulla; this observation represents the first morphological evidence of post‐testicular acrosome maturation in this taxon.
The functional anatomy of external genitalia in the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) studied by micro‐computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Feng Tianyi , Paterson Brian , Panagiotopoulou Olga , Green Kathryn , Mardon Karine , Johnston Stephen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough artificial insemination has been used for decades in Penaeus monodon aquaculture, the interaction of male and female external genitalia during spermatophore transfer has not been fully documented. As a result, studying the functional anatomy of this process may help to better refine the insemination technique. The sexual act in penaeoid prawns is virtually impossible to observe directly; as a result, this study aimed to describe the functional anatomy and interaction of external genitalia, such as the petasma, appendices masculinae and genital papillae of the male, with that of the thelycum and genital lobes of the female, using a combination of micro‐computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. We hypothesise that the spermatophores are ejaculated into the ventromedial groove of the petasma and squeezed by abdominal flexure into the spermathecae of female's thelycum. During this process, the ‘spike‐like’ setae observed on the petasma and appendices masculinae are speculated to control the transferring direction of the spermatophores. The approach of three dimensional remodelling and animation reported in this study may prove useful in the examination of further hypotheses related to the functional anatomy of external genitalia and/or appendages for other crustacean species.
High‐turbidity events in Western Lake Erie during ice‐free cycles: Contributions of river‐loaded vs. resuspended sediments
Authors: Niu Qianru , Xia Meng , Ludsin Stuart A. , Chu Philip Y. , Mason Doran M. , Rutherford Edward S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh‐turbidity events (HTEs) are common phenomena in shallow‐water environments that can alter ecological interactions. The relative contributions of river input (external loading) vs. resuspension (internal loading) to the occurrence, duration, and influenced areas of HTEs are not fully understood in most systems, owing to the lack of long‐term, source‐specified sediment maps. Using a Finite Volume Community Ocean Model‐based wave‐current forced sediment model, we investigated sediment dynamics in the shallow, river‐dominated Western Lake Erie during ice‐free cycles (April–November) of 2002–2012. Results indicated that wind waves predominated sediment dynamics in the offshore areas, with river discharges causing substantial inshore to offshore gradients. Owing to varying wind waves and river discharges, both the mean and extreme sediment dynamics had distinctive seasonal variations. The basin was turbid during spring and fall, with frequent (> 15%), broad (O [102–103 km2]), and more persistent (means of 3.2/4.4 d during spring/fall) HTEs caused mainly by resuspension events. During summer, the basin was clearer with occasional (< 1%), small (O [1–102 km2]), and short (mean of 1.5 d) HTEs near the mouths generated by pulsing river loadings. Although river loading rarely induced basin‐wide HTEs, they were important during floods, enlarging the high‐turbidity areas by 11.3%. Overall, by delineating the drivers of HTEs in Western Lake Erie, this study furthered the understanding of sediment dynamics in shallow ecosystems and provides a basis for investigating the ecological impact of sediments from different sources in river‐ and wave‐energetic systems.
Nanoparticle–Polymer Synergies in Nanocomposite Hydrogels: From Design to Application
Authors: Chen Tao , Hou Kai , Ren Qianyi , Chen Guoyin , Wei Peiling , Zhu Meifang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHydrogels are an important class of soft materials with high water retention that exhibit intelligent and elastic properties and have promising applications in the fields of biomaterials, soft machines, and artificial tissue. However, the low mechanical strength and limited functions of traditional chemically cross‐linked hydrogels restrict their further applications. Natural materials that consist of stiff and soft components exhibit high mechanical strength and functionality. Among artificial soft materials, nanocomposite hydrogels are analogous to these natural materials because of the synergistic effects of nanoparticle (NP) polymers in hydrogels construction. In this article, the structural design and properties of nanocomposite hydrogels are summarized. Furthermore, along with the development of nanocomposite hydrogel‐based devices, the shaping and potential applications of hydrogel devices in recent years are highlighted. The influence of the interactions between NPs and polymers on the dispersion as well as the structural stability of nanocomposite hydrogels is discussed, and the novel stimuli‐responsive properties induced by the synergies between functional NPs and polymeric networks are reviewed. Finally, recent progress in the preparation and applications of nanocomposite hydrogels is highlighted. Interest in this field is growing, and the future and prospects of nanocomposite hydrogels are also reviewed.
Effect of Semi‐Fluorinated Alkyl Side Chains on Conjugated Polymers with Planar Backbone in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Lee Min‐Hye , Kang Minji , Jeong Hyung‐Gu , Park Jong‐Jin , Hwang Kyoungtae , Kim Dong‐Yu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNewly synthesized donor–acceptor (D–A) type of conjugated copolymer (PCTV‐BTzF) with semi‐fluorinated alkyl side chains, which has good solubility in common organic solvents, is described. Unlike polymers with hydrocarbon‐based alkyl side chains, semi‐fluorocabonated polymer leads to intriguing results. First, the self‐organization behavior of the semi‐fluoroalkyl side chains by the self‐aggregate propensity between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon induces patterned microstructural morphology in polymer films; second, it dominates the molecular orientation of polymers with planar back structure. Such unusual properties of the polymer with semi‐fluoroalkyl side chains compared to that with the hydrocarbon ones are verified and characterized though various systematic characterizations, including temperature‐dependent UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and 2D‐grazing incident X‐ray diffraction measurement. As a result, PCTV‐BTzF‐based OFETs show the maximum p‐type field‐effect mobility of 1.02 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the 200 °C annealed films.
Genomic characterization of Nocardia seriolae strains isolated from diseased fish
Authors: Han Hyun‐Ja , Kwak Min‐Jung , Ha Sung‐min , Yang Seung‐Jo , Kim Jin Do , Cho Kyoung‐hee , Kim Tae‐Wook , Cho Mi Young , Kim Byung‐Yong , Jung Sung‐Hee , Chun Jongsik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMembers of the genus Nocardia are widespread in diverse environments; a wide range of Nocardia species are known to cause nocardiosis in several animals, including cat, dog, fish, and humans. Of the pathogenic Nocardia species, N. seriolae is known to cause disease in cultured fish, resulting in major economic loss. We isolated two N. seriolae strains, CK‐14008 and EM15050, from diseased fish and sequenced their genomes using the PacBio sequencing platform. To identify their genomic features, we compared their genomes with those of other Nocardia species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that N. seriolae shares a common ancestor with a putative human pathogenic Nocardia species. Moreover, N. seriolae strains were phylogenetically divided into four clusters according to host fish families. Through genome comparison, we observed that the putative pathogenic Nocardia strains had additional genes for iron acquisition. Dozens of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the genomes of N. seriolae strains; most of the antibiotics were involved in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of proteins or cell walls. Our results demonstrated the virulence features and antibiotic resistance of fish pathogenic N. seriolae strains at the genomic level. These results may be useful to develop strategies for the prevention of fish nocardiosis.
Community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with native plants growing in a petroleum‐polluted soil of the Amazon region of Ecuador
Authors: Garcés‐Ruiz Mónica , Senés‐Guerrero Carolina , Declerck Stéphane , Cranenbrouck Sylvie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are worldwide distributed plant symbionts. However, their occurrence in hydrocarbon‐polluted environments is less investigated, although specific communities may be present with possible interest for remediation strategies. Here, we investigated the AMF community composition associated with the roots of diverse plant species naturally recolonizing a weathered crude oil pond in the Amazon region of Ecuador. Next generation 454 GS‐Junior sequencing of an 800 bp LSU rRNA gene PCR amplicon was used. PCR amplicons were affiliated to a maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic tree computed from 1.5 kb AMF reference sequences. A high throughput phylogenetic annotation approach, using an evolutionary placement algorithm (EPA) allowed the characterization of sequences to the species level. Fifteen species were detected. Acaulospora species were identified as dominant colonizers, with 73% of relative read abundance, Archaeospora (19.6%) and several genera from the Glomeraceae (Rhizophagus, Glomus macrocarpum‐like, Sclerocystis, Dominikia and Kamienskia) were also detected. Although, a diverse community belonging to Glomeraceae was revealed, they represented <10% of the relative abundance in the Pond. Seventy five % of the species could not be identified, suggesting possible new species associated with roots of plants under highly hydrocarbon‐polluted conditions.