bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved microbiota among young Heliconius butterfly species
Authors: van Schooten Bas , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa , McMillan W. Owen , Papa Riccardo 
Published: October 2018

Background
Insects are the most diverse group of animals which have established intricate evolutionary interactions with bacteria. However, the importance of these interactions is still poorly understood. Few studies have focused on a closely related group of insect species, to test the similarities and differences between their microbiota. Heliconius butterflies are a charismatic recent insect radiation that evolved the unique ability to use pollen as a protein source, which affected life history traits and resulted in an elevated speciation rates. We hypothesize that different Heliconius butterflies sharing a similar trophic pollen niche, harbor a similar gut flora within species, population and sexes.

Methods
To test our hypothesis, we characterized the microbiota of 38 adult male and female butterflies representing six species of Heliconius butterflies and 2 populations of the same species. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene with the Roche 454 system and analyzed the data with standard tools for microbiome analysis.

Results
Overall, we found a low microbial diversity with only 10 OTUs dominating across all individuals, mostly Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, which accounted for 99.5% of the bacterial reads. When rare reads were considered, we identified a total of 406 OTUs across our samples. We identified reads within Phyla Chlamydiae, found in 5 butterflies of four species. Interestingly, only three OTUs were shared among all 38 individuals (Bacillus, Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae). Altogether, the high individual variation overshadowed species and sex differences. Thus, bacterial communities were not structured randomly with 13% of beta-diversity explained by species, and 40 rare OTUs being significantly different across species. Finally, 13 OTUs, including the intercellular symbiont Spiroplasma, varied significantly in relative abundance between males and females.

Discussion
The Heliconius microbial communities in these 38 individuals show a low diversity with few differences in the rare microbes between females, males, species or populations. Indeed, Heliconius butterflies, similarly to other insects, are dominated by few OTUs, mainly from Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The overall low microbial diversity observed contrasts with the high intra-species variation in microbiome composition. This could indicate that much of the microbiome maybe acquired from their surroundings. The significant differences between species and sexes were restricted to rare taxa, which could be important for microbial community stability under changing conditions as seen in other host-microbiome systems. The presence of symbionts like Spiroplasma or Chlamydiae, identified in this study for the first time in Heliconius, could play a vital role in their behavior and evolution by vertical transmission. Altogether, our study represents a step forward into the description of the microbial diversity in a charismatic group of closely related butterflies.
Targeting restoration sites to improve connectivity in a tiger conservation landscape in India
Authors: Dutta Trishna , Sharma Sandeep , DeFries Ruth 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMaintaining and restoring connectivity between source populations is essential for the long term viability of wide-ranging species, many of which occur in landscapes that are under pressure to meet increasing infrastructure needs. Identifying barriers in corridors can help inform conservation and infrastructure development agencies so that development objectives can be achieved without compromising conservation goals. Here, we use the tiger landscape in central India as a case study to identify barriers, associate them with existing infrastructure, and quantify the potential improvement by restoring or mitigating barriers. Additionally, we propose an approach to categorize linkages based on their current status within and between Protected Areas (PAs).MethodsWe generated a hybrid landuse-landcover map of our study area by merging datasets. We used least-cost methods and circuit theory to map corridors and generate linkage metrics. We mapped barriers and used the improvement score (IS) metric to quantify potential improvement by restoring or mitigating them. Based on criteria that represent the status of corridors between-PAs and populations within-PAs, we ranked linkages into one of four categories: Cat1—linkages that currently have high quality and potential for tiger connectivity and should be maintained, Cat2W—linkages where focus on habitat and tiger populations may improve connectivity, Cat2B—linkages where focus on reducing barriers between PAs may improve connectivity, and Cat3—linkages where effort is needed to both reduce barriers between PAs and improve tiger populations and habitat within PAs. We associated barriers with infrastructure and present maps to show where restoration or mitigation measures can be targeted to have the highest potential impact.ResultsWe mapped 567 barriers within 30 linkages in this landscape, of which 265 barriers intersect with infrastructure (694 km of roads, 150 km of railway, 48 reservoirs, 10 mines) and 302 barriers are due to land-use or gaps in forest cover. Eighty-six barriers have both roads and railways. We identified 7 Cat1, 4 Cat2w, 9 Cat2b, and 10 Cat3 linkages. Eighty surface mines and thermal power plants are within 10 km of the least-cost paths, and more coal mines are closer to connectivity areas where linkages are narrow and rank poorly on both axes.DiscussionWe present spatial and quantitative results that can help conservation practitioners target mitigation and restoration efforts. India is on the path to rapid economic growth, with infrastructure development planned in biodiversity-rich areas. The mitigation hierarchy of avoiding, minimizing, and offsetting impacts due to proposed development projects can be applied to corridors in this landscape. Cross-sectoral cooperation at early stages of project life-cycles to site, design, and implement solutions can maintain connectivity while meeting infrastructure needs in this rapidly changing landscape.
What’s for dinner? Diet and potential trophic impact of an invasive anuranHoplobatrachus tigerinuson the Andaman archipelago
Authors: Mohanty Nitya Prakash , Measey John 
Published: October 2018

Amphibian invasions have considerable detrimental impacts on recipient ecosystems. However, reliable risk analysis of invasive amphibians still requires research on more non-native amphibian species. An invasive population of the Indian bullfrog,Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, is currently spreading on the Andaman archipelago and may have significant trophic impacts on native anurans through competition and predation. We carried out diet analyses of the invasiveH. tigerinusand native anurans, across four habitat types and two seasons; we hypothesized that (i) small vertebrates constitute a majority of theH. tigerinusdiet, particularly by volume and (ii) the diet ofH. tigerinussignificantly overlaps with the diet of native anurans, thereby, leading to potential competition. We assessed the diet of the invasiveH. tigerinus(n = 358), and individuals of the generaLimnonectes(n = 375) andFejervarya(n = 65) and found a significant dietary overlap ofH.tigerinuswith onlyLimnonectes. Small vertebrates, including several endemic species, constituted the majority ofH. tigerinus, diet by volume, suggesting potential impact by predation. Prey consumption and electivity of the three anurans indicated a positive relationship between predator-prey body sizes. Individuals ofH. tigerinusandFejervaryachose evasive prey, suggesting that these two taxa are mostly ambush predators; individuals of Limnonectes chose a mixture of sedentary and evasive prey indicating that the species employs a combination of ‘active search’ and ‘sit and wait’ foraging strategies. All three species of anurans mostly consumed terrestrial prey. This intensive study on a genus of newly invasive amphibian contributes to knowledge of the impact of amphibian invasions,and elucidates the feeding ecology ofH.tigerinus, and species of the generaLimnonectesandFejervarya. We also stress the necessity to evaluate prey availability and volume in future studies for meaningful insights into diet of amphibians.
Characteristics of Usual Physical Therapy Post‐Total Knee Replacement and Their Associations With Functional Outcomes
Authors: Oatis Carol A. , Johnson Joshua K. , DeWan Traci , Donahue Kelly , Li Wenjun , Franklin Patricia D. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveAlthough total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is highly prevalent and generally successful, functional outcomes post‐TKR vary widely. Most patients receive some physical therapy (PT) following TKR, but PT practice is variable and associations between specific content and dose of PT interventions and functional outcomes are unknown. Research has identified exercise interventions associated with better outcomes but studies have not assessed whether such evidence has been translated into clinical practice. We characterized the content, dose, and progression of usual post‐acute PT services following TKR, and examined associations of specific details of post‐acute PT with patients’ 6‐month functional outcomes.MethodsPost‐acute PT data were collected from patients who were undergoing primary unilateral TKR and participating in a clinical trial of a phone‐based coaching intervention. PT records from the terminal episode of care were reviewed and utilization and exercise content data were extracted. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models characterized PT treatment factors and identified associations with 6‐month outcomes.ResultsWe analyzed 112 records from 30 PT sites. Content and dose of specific exercises and incidence of progression varied widely. Open chain exercises were utilized more frequently than closed chain (median 21 [interquartile range (IQR) 4–49] versus median 13 [IQR 4–28.5]). Median (IQR) occurrence of progression of closed and open chain exercise was 0 (0–2) and 1 (0–3), respectively. Shorter timed stair climb was associated with greater total number of PT interventions and use and progression of closed chain exercises.DiscussionData suggest that evidence‐based interventions are underutilized and dose may be insufficient to obtain optimal outcomes.
Saddle‐Point Excitons and Their Extraordinary Light Absorption in 2D β‐Phase Group‐IV Monochalcogenides
Authors: Luo Nannan , Wang Chong , Jiang Zeyu , Xu Yong , Zou Xiaolong , Duan Wenhui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn 2D materials, saddle‐points in the electronic structure give rise to diverging density of states, which leads to intriguing physical phenomena useful for applications, including magnetism, superconductivity, charge density wave, as well as enhanced optical absorption. Using first‐principles calculations, monolayer β‐phase group‐IV monochalcogenides (MX, M = Ge or Sn; X = S or Se) are shown to be a new class of 2D materials that possess saddle‐points in both the lowest conduction band and the highest valence band as well as in the joint density of states. Due to the existence of saddle‐points, a remarkable absorption peak within the fundamental gap is found in these materials when the light polarization is along the armchair (y) direction. The properties of saddle‐point excitons can be effectively tuned by both the strain and thickness of these materials. Importantly, the strong optical absorbance induced by saddle‐point exciton absorptions and the appropriate bandgap give ideal power conversion efficiencies as large as 1.11% for monolayer β‐SnSe, significantly higher than reported high‐performance ultrathin solar cells using transition metal dichalcogenides. These results not only open new avenues for exploring novel many‐body physics, but also suggest β‐phase MXs could be promising candidates for future optoelectronic devices.
Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles Confined within Crystalline Nanoporous Materials: A Fascinating Class of Nanocatalysts
Authors: Wang Ning , Sun Qiming , Yu Jihong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCrystalline nanoporous materials with uniform porous structures, such as zeolites and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have proven to be ideal supports to encapsulate ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (MNPs) inside their void nanospaces to generate high‐efficiency nanocatalysts. The nanopore‐encaged metal catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance as well as high stability and catalytic shape selectivity endowed by the nanoporous matrix. In addition, the synergistic effect of confined MNPs and nanoporous frameworks with active sites can further promote the catalytic activities of the composite catalysts. Herein, recent progress in nanopore‐encaged metal nanocatalysts is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in synthetic strategies for ultrasmall MNPs (<5 nm), clusters, and even single atoms confined within zeolites and MOFs for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In addition, some advanced characterization methods to elucidate the atomic‐scale structures of the nanocatalysts are presented, and the current limitations of and future opportunities for these fantastic nanocatalysts are also highlighted and discussed. The aim is to provide some guidance for the rational synthesis of nanopore‐encaged metal catalysts and to inspire their further applications to meet the emerging demands in catalytic fields.
Enhancing Quantum Dot Solar Cells Stability with a Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Interlayer Below the Top Anode
Authors: Salazar‐Rios Jorge Mario , Sukharevska Nataliia , Speirs Mark Jonathan , Jung Stefan , Dirin Dmitry , Dragoman Ryan M. , Allard Sybille , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Scherf Ullrich , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSemiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWNTs) are used as a protective interlayer between the lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot (PbS CQD) active layer and the anode of the solar cells (SCs). The introduction of the carbon nanotubes leads to increased device stability, with 85% of the initial performance retained after 100 h exposure to simulated solar light in ambient condition. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior of the device without s‐SWNTs, for which the photoconversion efficiency, the open circuit voltage, the short‐circuit current, and the fill factor all experiencing a sharp decrease. Therefore, the inclusion of s‐SWNT as interlayer in CQD SCs, give rise to SCs of identical efficiency (above 8.5%) and prevents their performance degradation.
Single‐balloon enteroscopy for managing obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: Results from a tertiary medical center in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Bao‐Chung , Chen Peng‐Jen , Shih Yu‐Lueng , Huang Hsin‐Hung , Lin Xuan‐Huai , Lin Jung‐Chun , Tseng Yu‐Chen , Chen Chun‐Ting , Hsu Chin‐Hui , Chang Wei‐Kuo , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan , Huang Tien‐Yu 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundsObscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) accounts for approximately 5‐10% of all gastrointestinal bleeding events, and its detection and treatment remain challenging. We aimed to investigate the performance, diagnostic yield, and outcome of single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for OGIB in Taiwan.Patients and methodsThe data for 81 OGIB patients who underwent SBE between September 2009 and February 2015 in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 81 OGIB patients underwent 132 SBE procedures. Anterograde and retrograde approaches were used for 52.3% and 47.7% of subjects, respectively. The overall diagnostic yield of SBE was 72.8%. The incidence of OGIB was higher in the proximal small intestine (the third and fourth parts of the duodenum and the jejunum) than in the distal small intestine (ileum) (58.3% vs. 36.6%), and the most common etiology was angiodysplasia (29.6%), followed by single ulcers (12.3%), and tumors (8.6%). Of the 59 patients with a positive finding on SBE, 26 (44.1%) patients with stigmata of hemorrhage underwent endoscopic hemostasis, including adrenaline injection, heater probe application, Argon plasma coagulation, and hemoclip placement. No hemorrhage, perforation, acute pancreatitis, or other serious complications occurred. OGIB recurred in 41.6% of patients in whom a source of OGIB was detected and 44.4% of patients with a negative finding after initial SBE. The rebleeding rate was higher in angiodysplasia than non‐angiodysplasia cases (55% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.113). After the SBE procedure, 57.6% of patients sustained no recurrent bleeding.ConclusionsAlthough SBE is a safe and reliable method for managing OGIB, recurrent bleeding is difficult to treat, especially rebleeding in patients with angiodysplasia or negative findings. Future research should aim to identify the risk factors for recurrent bleeding, increase the accuracy of detection, and reach a consensus on managing OGIB.Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
Jejunogastric intussusception presented with hematemesis: A case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Ho Cheng‐Yu , Chang Chen‐Wang , Lee Fang , Tsai Chung‐Hsin , Lin Wei‐Chen , Chen Ming‐Jen , Chu Cheng‐Hsin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryJejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare but life‐threatening complication of gastrectomy. It is a complication of previous surgery on the stomach, such as Billroth II gastrectomy, Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis, and gastrojejunostomy. Early diagnosis is important but difficult in acute JGI. Emergency surgical intervention is necessary in most cases and can prevent clinical deterioration. We report such a case that presented with hematemesis.Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
Clinical characteristics of nonB nonC hepatocellular carcinoma compared to HBV‐ and HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Su Hsiu‐Mei , Huang Jen‐Chieh , Shin Jeng‐Shiann , Chao Che‐Len , Ho Shih‐Chi 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundsThe incidence of nonB nonC hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC‐HCC) is increasing. The aim was to clarify the risk factors and the clinical features of NBNC‐HCC and compare the clinical characteristics in patients with NBNC‐HCC, B‐HCC (HBsAg positive) and C‐HCC (HCVAb positive).Methods554 patients with HCC were included: 253 with B‐HCC, 204 with C‐HCC and 97 with NBNC‐HCC (both HBsAg and HCVAb negative).ResultsCompared with the patients with B‐HCC, those with NBNC‐HCC were older (mean age 67 years, p < 0.001), more associated with alcohol drinking (p < 0.03), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.002), hypertension (p < 0.0001) and predominantly female (p = 0.16), but less associated with cirrhosis (p < 0.001) or elevated alphafetoprotein levels (p < 0.01). Compared with the patients with C‐HCC, those with NBNC‐HCC were less predominantly female (p < 0.04), more associated with smoking (p < 0.01), alcohol drinking (p < 0.008), body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.02), less elevated aspartate aminotransaminase (p < 0.02), less elevated alanine aminotransaminase (p < 0.01) and less associated with liver cirrhosis (p < 0.02). C‐HCC had the most favorable 5‐year survival rate (23.8%), followed by NBNC‐HCC (21.3%) and B‐HCC (16.1%), however this was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between B‐HCC vs. C‐HCC, B‐HCC vs. NBNC‐HCC and C‐HCC vs. NBNC‐HCC in early (TNM I + II) and advanced (TNM III + IV) stages.ConclusionsNBNC‐HCC patients have relation with drinking alcohol, having diabetes mellitus and a higher body mass index. There was no statistically significant difference in 5‐year survival among the three groups.Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
A case of a large colonic lipoma resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection: A long‐term endoscopic observation
Authors: Lin Jung‐Chun , Chen Peng‐Jen , Shih Yu‐Lueng , Chang Yi‐Ming , Chang Wei‐Kuo , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan 
Published: October 2018

SummaryGastrointestinal (GI) lipomas are benign, slow‐growing subepithelial tumors, and are most commonly found in the colon. No intervention is needed for smaller or asymptomatic lipomas. Endoscopic removal or surgery is reserved for larger lesions. However, whether endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a suitable method for the treatment of a large submucosal lipoma of the colon has long been controversial. In addition, less is known regarding the long‐term prognosis of patients undergoing the ESD on large colonic lipomas. In this report, we present the case of a 67‐year‐old man who presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a large colonic lipoma. Standard ESD was performed to remove the lipoma. During the follow‐up period of 7 years, no recurrence was observed. ESD is another option for the treatment of large colonic lipomas with an excellent long‐term prognosis.Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
CYP2C19 polymorphism has no influence on rabeprazole‐based sequential therapy
Authors: Lin Tsung‐Jung , Lee Hsi‐Chang , Lin Chih‐Lin , Wang Chung‐Kwe , Chen Kuan‐Yang , Wu Deng‐Chyang 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of cytochrome P450 2C (CYP2C19) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) polymorphisms on the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication by using rabeprazole‐based sequential therapy.MethodsFrom March 2013 to May 2014, total 87 H. pylori‐infected patients were recruited to receive a 10‐day of sequential therapy. We had excluded 4 patients from analysis because of incomplete compliance. We performed either follow‐up endoscopy or 13C‐urea test to assess the treatment response. CYP2C19 and IL‐1β genotypes were analyzed to investigate the impact on H. pylori eradication.ResultsOn the whole, the eradication rate of H. pylori was 80.72% (67/83). The rates of H. pylori eradiation were 79.31% in extensive metabolizers (EM) and 81.48% in non‐EM according to the CYP2C19 genotypes. The rates of H. pylori eradiation were 80.00% in the normal acid secretion group and 81.03% in the low acid secretion group according to the IL‐1β genotypes. After multivariable logistic regression analysis, both genotypes of CYP2C19 and IL‐1β were not significantly independent factors of H. pylori eradication.ConclusionsBoth CYP2C19 and IL‐1β polymorphisms would not have influences on eradication rates of H. pylori by using sequential therapy.Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
Muir‐Torre syndrome manifesting as sebaceous adenoma/adenocarcinoma and colonic adenocarcinoma – A case report
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Jou , Yuan Emily (Lan‐Ting) , Hsu Wen‐Hsin , Tsai Ching‐Yang , Lo Hoi‐Wan , Chou Shih‐Cheng , Tseng I‐Tsou , Chao Tung‐Bo , Sun Meng‐Shun 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMuir‐Torre Syndrome (MTS) was first coined by Muir et al in 1967 and Torre in 1968. It is an autosomal‐dominant disorder characterized by combination of visceral disorder and sebaceous neoplasms. This syndrome is a subtype of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. In most cases, it arises from germline mutation encoding mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. We encountered a case of MTS and relevant literatures were reviewed.Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.