bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Branding the Buddha's birthplace: exploring Nepal's potential to become a destination of global Buddhist tourism.
Authors: Adhikari D. , Zhang JuYan Zhang JuYan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter presents a SWOT analysis of Nepal's potential for Buddhist tourism, and suggests that incorporating Buddhist tourism into the overall nation-branding campaign would not only accentuate the country's genuine heritage but also appeal to a large number of faith-inspired travellers. Campaign planning recommendations in terms of organizations involved, goals and objectives, target audience, logo, strategies and tactics, are presented.
Religious migrations in contemporary Central Asia.
Authors: Mendikulova G. , Nadezhuk E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter looks at contemporary religious tourism and pilgrimage in central Asia. Sections examine: the forms and problems of external religious tourism in central Asia; the holy places of Muslims in this region as objects of religious tourism; and the sacred sites of other religious confessions as part of the whole cultural heritage of the region.
Religious festival in tourism: a comparative perspective of the Aobao festival.
Authors: Yang JingJing Yang JingJing , Zhang LingYun Zhang LingYun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines the impact of tourism on the Aobao religious festival held in Tuva and Kazakh settlements in Kanas, Xinjiang, China. In many indigenous communities, tourism impacts religious festivals and undermines their purposes by exposing them to market forces and commercialism. Some compromises have to be made to balance traditional values and modern commercial demands. A comparison of four Aobao festivals held in different villages with different levels of tourism development is presented to illustrate the changes that have occurred at those venues and the determinants of those changes. The chapter discusses the changes to the festival due to government sponsorship and tourists' demands.
To brand Gandhara, the Ancient Buddhist Centre: Pakistan's potential to develop Buddhist tourism.
Authors: Zhang J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter presents a SWOT analysis of Pakistan's potential for Buddhist tourism and suggests the incorporation of the Buddhist site of Gandhara into the nation-branding programmes of Pakistan. Campaign planning recommendations are presented in terms of organizations involved, long-term goals, short-term objectives, target audience, positioning, logo, messages, strategies and tactics.
State monopoly of telecommunications in Ethiopia: origins, debates, and the way forward
Authors: Workneh Téwodros W. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA rare breed in the era of deregulation, Ethiopia’s state-controlled telecommunications sector has been a source of intense debate involving domestic and international stakeholders. Based on analysis of interviews, this essay explores the Ethiopian state’s rationales for state monopoly of telecommunications within a developmental-neopatrimonial state framework. Despite external and internal pressures to deregulate the sector, EPRDF considers state control of telecommunications as a model that fosters universal access/service and generates considerable revenue. Notwithstanding the Ethiopian government’s historically unwavering position, the article concludes by making a case for public-private partnership as a sustainable model for telecommunication operation in Ethiopia.
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Is Predictive of Non-AIDS Events During Antiretroviral Therapy–mediated Viral Suppression
Authors: Hoenigl Martin , Moser Carlee B , Funderburg Nicholas , Bosch Ronald , Kantor Amy , Zhang Yonglong , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , Finkelman Malcolm , Reiser Jochen , Landay Alan , Moisi Daniela , Lederman Michael M , Gianella Sara ,   Adult Clinical Trials Group NWCS 411 study team
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains associated with higher morbidity and mortality, driven, in part, by increased inflammation. Our objective was to identify associations between levels of plasma biomarkers of chronic inflammation, microbial translocation, and monocyte activation, with occurrence of non-AIDS events.MethodsParticipants (141 cases, 310 matched controls) were selected from a longitudinal observational trial; all were virally suppressed on ART at year 1 and thereafter. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), beta-D-glucan (BDG), intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and soluble CD163 were measured pre-ART, after 1-year of ART, and pre-event. At each time point, conditional logistic regression analysis assessed associations of the biomarkers with events and adjusted for relevant covariates to calculate odds ratios (ORs) according to 1 interquartile range (IQR) difference.ResultsAt all time points, higher levels of suPAR were associated with increased risk of non-AIDS events (OR per 1 IQR was 1.7 before ART-initiation, OR per 1 IQR was 2.0 after 1 year of suppressive ART, and OR 2.1 pre-event). Higher levels of BDG and LBP at year 1 and pre-event (but not at baseline) were associated with increased risk of non-AIDS events. No associations were observed for other biomarkers.ConclusionsElevated levels of suPAR were strongly, consistently, and independently predictive of non-AIDS events at every measured time point. Interventions that target the suPAR pathway should be investigated to explore its role in the pathogenesis of non–AIDS-related outcomes in HIV infection.
Perceptions of public health and cross-sectoral collaboration in low SES neighbourhoods in Denmark
Authors: Klinker Charlotte D , Agger Annika 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCross-sectoral interventions in low socio-economic status (SES) neighbourhoods are an important contribution to reducing social inequities in health. This article investigates the health perceptions among professionals from public health, social and place-based initiatives, all working in low SES neighbourhoods in Denmark, and what implications these perceptions have on their work with health promotion and on collaboration between the initiatives. Empirically, we draw on 63 semi-structured interviews with frontline professionals across area-based initiatives (ABIs), social housing development plans (SHDPs) and municipal public health departments (PHDs). Our study shows that professionals across all sectors perceive it as important to work with a broad understanding of health to motivate and reach hard-to-reach groups in low SES neighbourhoods as opposed to a more narrow perspective on health and health promotion focussed on lifestyles and monitoring risks. The aims and practice of ABIs and SHDPs support work in line with a broad understanding of health, whereas frontline workers from the PHDs in practice more often end up applying a more narrow understanding of health. Consequently, real collaboration is infrequent and often confined to the coordination of activities. This limits the possibilities of implementing effective interventions in low SES neighbourhoods to reduce inequities in health. This article claims that there is a greater potential for synergy among different initiatives in low SES neighbourhoods if a broad understanding of health can be applied in practice across sectors.
Managing Research Animal Specimens and Laboratory Safety
Authors: Asfaw Yohannes G , Reynolds Randall , Alderman Scott , Norton John N 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The procedures necessary to perform testing in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory have inherent associated risks to personnel in regard to exposure to infectious agents. In research institutions animals can be experimentally infected, acquire naturally occurring infections and can also be exposed to other hazards such as toxic chemicals or radiologic entities. A critical component of the use of animals in a research environment is the collaboration between the responsible researcher and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory with the institutional health and safety professionals to ensure that the proper engineering controls, personal protective equipment, laboratory procedures and training are in place for personnel working with the animals or their specimens. Unlike the typical researcher, the veterinary diagnostic laboratory generally has to be equipped to safely process and work with a wide range of potential hazards where the communication of pertinent information from the researcher to the diagnostic laboratory regarding the identity of the potential hazard is paramount. Diagnostic laboratory design, safety equipment, personal protective equipment, laboratory procedures, occupational health program and personnel training must be sufficient to address hazards based on a risk assessment performed in conjunction with safety professionals. This article will summarize safety considerations with the various areas of concern in the operation of a diagnostic laboratory for research animal specimens.
Repellent Effects of Methyl Anthranilate on Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Soil Bioassays
Authors: Bernklau E J , Hibbard B E , Bjostad L B 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Methyl anthranilate (MA), a compound in maize roots that is repellent to western corn rootworm larvae (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) was tested in behavioral bioassays in a soil environment. MA prevented larvae from locating roots of a maize seedling, and the repellency strengthened with increasing rates of MA. In a simple push–pull strategy between an MA-treated seedling and an untreated seedling, granules containing 0.1 mg/g MA pushed larvae to the untreated seedling. This push effect increased with dose, with 90% repellency observed for the highest dose tested (100 mg/g). Chemical analysis showed that MA concentrations remained high for 4 wk in dry, sterilized or unsterilized soil, but declined rapidly in moist soil. After 7 d, 50% less MA was recovered in moist, sterilized soil than in dry soil, and only a trace of MA remained in unsterilized moist soil, suggesting that both moisture and microbial activity contributed to the loss of MA. Various (MA) carrier granules were tested in bioassays after aging in moist soil. After 1 d, all of the MA granules were repellent at the 10 mg/g rate and clay granules were also effective at 1 mg/g. After 1 wk, only molecular sieve granules elicited repellency, but that activity disappeared after 2 wk. These results demonstrate that MA is repellent to western corn rootworm larvae in the soil environment and may have potential as a rootworm treatment if formulations can be developed that protect the material from decomposition in the soil.
Leptohadronic single-zone models for the electromagnetic and neutrino emission of TXS 0506+056
Authors: Cerruti M , Zech A , Boisson C , Emery G , Inoue S , Lenain J-P 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
While active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets have long been prime candidates for the origin of extragalactic cosmic rays and neutrinos, the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056  is the first astrophysical source observed to be associated with some confidence (∼3σ) with a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, detected by the IceCube Observatory. The source was found to be active in high-energy γ-rays with Fermi-LAT and in very-high-energy γ-rays with the MAGIC telescopes. To consistently explain the observed neutrino and multiwavelength electromagnetic emission of TXS 0506+056, we investigate in detail single-zone models of leptohadronic emission, assuming cospatial acceleration of electrons and protons in the jet, and synchrotron photons from the electrons as targets for photohadronic neutrino production. The parameter space concerning the physical conditions of the emission region and particle populations is extensively explored for scenarios where the γ-rays are dominated by either (1) proton synchrotron emission or (2) synchrotron-self-Compton emission, with a subdominant but non-negligible contribution from photohadronic cascades in both cases. We find that the latter can be compatible with the neutrino observations, while the former is strongly disfavoured due to the insufficient neutrino production rate.
Early spatial attention deployment toward and away from aggressive voices
Authors: Burra Nicolas , Kerzel Dirk , Munoz Tord David , Grandjean Didier , Ceravolo Leonardo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Salient vocalizations, especially aggressive voices, are believed to attract attention due to an automatic threat detection system. However, studies assessing the temporal dynamics of auditory spatial attention to aggressive voices are missing. Using event-related potential markers of auditory spatial attention (N2ac and LPCpc), we show that attentional processing of threatening vocal signals is enhanced at two different stages of auditory processing. As early as 200 ms post-stimulus onset, attentional orienting/engagement is enhanced for threatening as compared to happy vocal signals. Subsequently, as early as 400 ms post-stimulus onset, the reorienting of auditory attention to the center of the screen (or disengagement from the target) is enhanced. This latter effect is consistent with the need to optimize perception by balancing the intake of stimulation from left and right auditory space. Our results extend the scope of theories from the visual to the auditory modality by showing that threatening stimuli also bias early spatial attention in the auditory modality. Attentional enhancement was only present in female and not in male participants.
Correlates of Treatment Retention and Opioid Misuse Among Postpartum Women in Methadone Treatment
Authors: Ellis Jennifer D. , Cairncross Molly , Struble Cara A. , Carr Meagan M. , Ledgerwood David M. , Lundahl Leslie H. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:The postpartum period is a particularly challenging time for women in methadone treatment. Unfortunately, this is also the time when women are vulnerable to treatment discontinuation and opioid misuse. The purpose of the present exploratory study was to examine demographic, treatment, and delivery factors that may be associated with postbirth retention in treatment and opioid misuse.Methods:A chart review was conducted among postpartum women (n = 81) receiving opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy.Results:Results revealed that treatment discharge and postbirth opioid misuse were common after delivery. Longer treatment duration before delivery was associated with a lower likelihood of opioid misuse in the month after delivery. Women who delivered via cesarean section and received a discharge opioid medication were also more likely to engage in opioid misuse (ie, providing an opioid-positive urine toxicology screen outside the window of detection for the discharge opioid prescription) in the month after delivery.Conclusions:Increasing support to minimize the likelihood of treatment discontinuation or opioid misuse may be particularly important in this period, especially for this vulnerable group.
Antegrade Posterior Interosseous Flap for Nonhealing Wounds of the Elbow: Anatomical and Clinical Study
Authors: Zaidenberg Ezequiel Ernesto , Zancolli Pablo , Farias Cisneros Efrain , Miller Aden Gunnar , Moreno Rodrigo 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The posterior interosseous artery (PIA) flap has been widely reported to cover defects at the dorsal aspect of the hand. However, the use of this flap to cover elbow defects has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomical feasibility of the PIA flap to cover elbow soft-tissue defects and, additionally, to review the clinical outcomes of patients treated with this flap.

Methods:
An anatomical study was performed on 14 cadaveric specimens to assess the number of PIA perforators at the distal third of the forearm, along with the distance of the perforators from the ulnar styloid. Additionally, the pedicle distance from the pivot point to the lateral epicondyle was recorded. A clinical study in 4 patients with elbow soft-tissue defects treated with the antegrade PIA was also performed to assess viability and clinical outcomes.

Results:
A mean of 3 perforators (range, 2–4) of the PIA were found in the distal third of the forearm. The pedicle distance from the pivot point to the lateral epicondyle was 10 cm (range, 8–11.5 cm). In the clinical study, all cases treated with the antegrade PIA flap showed satisfactory outcomes without loss of the flap or significant partial necrosis.

Conclusion:
In this limited series, the antegrade PIA flap has shown to be a reliable and effective alternative for treatment of soft-tissue defects at the elbow. The PIA perforators in the distal forearm and the pedicle length allow the flap to easily reach the elbow.
Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates in Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Nguyen Anson , Shin Hope , Saint-Cyr Michel , Verheyden Charles 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Free flap reconstruction cases of the head and neck are often complex, long and have a multitude of risks. One of the greatest risks is intraoperative blood loss and need for transfusion. The purpose of this study was to examine basic patient and procedure characteristics in head and neck free flap reconstruction pre- and postoperatively that may help to predict severity of blood loss.

Methods:
A retrospective chart analysis of 67 free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects was performed. Patient characteristics, surgical variables, length of stay, and postoperative complications were reviewed and compared between the transfused and nontransfused patients. Characteristics between transfused and nontransfused patients were analyzed using two-tailed t tests and Fisher’s exact tests.

Results:
Of the 67 procedures, 19 reconstructions (28.4%) required a transfusion. Transfused patients were found to have a lower preoperative hemoglobin and elevated coagulation labs. The average length of stay was also statistically longer for transfused patients. There was no statistical difference in patient characteristics, length of surgery, type of free flap, or complication rate in the transfused versus nontransfused patients.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that head and neck microsurgical resection and reconstruction presents patients with a transfusion risk of over 28%. We found that patients with a lower preoperative hemoglobin and abnormal coagulation levels are at a higher risk for receiving a transfusion. We also have demonstrated that patients who received a transfusion had a statistically significant longer length of stay.
Atypical Palmaris Profundus with Median Nerve Perforation Presenting Ultrasonically as an Intraneural Mass
Authors: Deglmann Claus J. , Nagi Michael 
Published: November 2018

Summary:
An accessory palmaris profundus tendon might cause carpal tunnel like symptoms and in addition is a known potential reason for persistent symptoms following carpal tunnel release. In our case, a 34-year-old female patient presented with paresthesia of the third digit. Electromyography was without pathological findings. Diagnostic high-resolution ultrasound showed an intraneural mass within the median nerve in the region of the distal forearm. A tumorous lesion was suspected and a microsurgical resection was planned. Intraoperatively, a palmaris profundus tendon was found, perforating the median nerve and keeping an intraneural course, before leaving the median nerve within the carpal tunnel to migrate into the distal retinaculum fibers. The resection of the intraneural tendon of the palmaris profundus led to a recovery of the digital paresthesia’s. We discuss the intraoperative findings and review the literature.
Importance of Colposcopy Impression in the Early Diagnosis of Posthysterectomy Vaginal Cancer
Authors: Cong Qing , Fu Zhongpeng , Zhang Di , Sui Long 
Published: November 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the value of cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) status and colposcopy in the early diagnosis of vaginal cancer after hysterectomy.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective study was performed in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Posthysterectomy patients who were diagnosed with vaginal high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) by colposcopy-directed biopsy with colposcopy impression of extensive HSIL or suspicion of cancer and underwent upper or total vaginectomy from January 2009 to December 2017 were included.

Results
Eighty-six posthysterectomy vaginal HSIL patients were included. Available abnormal cytology and positive hrHPV were observed in 90.7% (49/54) and 96.2% (51/53) of the patients, respectively. A total of 18.6% (16/86) of the patients were diagnosed with squamous cell cancer by vaginectomy, and the average interval between hysterectomy and vaginectomy was 3.5 years. Among them, 62.5% (10/16) cancers occurred after hysterectomy for cervical cancer, 31.2% (5/16) after hysterectomy for cervical precancer, and 6.3% (1/16) after hysterectomy for myoma. An indication for hysterectomy (cervical cancer vs HSIL, odds ratio = 7.2, 95% CI = 1.9–28.0, p = .004) and colposcopy impression of vaginal cancer (vaginal cancer vs HSIL, odds ratio = 5.9, 95% CI = 1.3–26.8, p = .021) were high-risk factors of cancer confirmed by vaginectomy in colposcopy-directed biopsy vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 posthysterectomy in multiple logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions
Colposcopy is pivotal in the evaluation of abnormal cytology/hrHPV tests in follow-up of cervical cancer patients after hysterectomy and decision-making for vaginectomy in detecting early cancer.
Staff Nurses’ Perceptions of Their Nurse Managers’ Transformational Leadership Behaviors and Their Own Structural Empowerment
Authors: Khan Bernadette P. , Quinn Griffin Mary T. , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate staff nurses’ perception of their nurse managers’ transformational leadership behaviors and their own structural empowerment.

BACKGROUND
Transformational leadership behaviors in nurse managers have been linked to increased staff nurse satisfaction and decreased turnover and burnout. Perception of nurse managers’ leadership behaviors by staff nurses and the relationship to the staff nurses’ structural empowerment is important to advance our understanding of the leadership role of nurse managers.

METHODS
A descriptive correlational design was used to examine the relationship between staff nurses’ perception of their nurse managers’ transformational leadership behaviors and their own structural empowerment. Staff nurses at a conference were offered an opportunity to participate in the study.

RESULTS
The transformational leadership behaviors of nurse managers were moderately correlated to staff nurses’ structural empowerment. Transactional leadership behaviors were associated with staff nurses’ structural empowerment to a lesser degree.

CONCLUSION
Nurses who perceived their nurse managers as demonstrating transformational leadership behaviors experienced higher structural empowerment.
Temporomandibular Disorders Clinical and Anatomical Outcomes After Fat-Derived Stem Cells Injection
Authors: Carboni Andrea , Amodeo Giulia , Perugini Maurizio , Arangio Paolo , Orsini Raniero , Scopelliti Domenico 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common disorders that usually involve temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and other relevant structures. The symptoms may vary limiting the patients’ quality of life. Many treatment options were proposed during the last years with the aim to treat the pathology. In this article, we analyze the effect of the injection of the fat-derived stem cell in the joint as a new treatment option.