bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing bone and soft tissue infections mimicking sarcomas requires multimodal multidisciplinary team assessment
Authors: Lex JR , Gregory J , Allen C , Reid JP , Stevenson JD 
Published: June 2019

Introduction The aims of this study were to report the presenting characteristics and identify how best to distinguish bone and soft-tissue infections that mimic sarcomas. Materials and methods A total of 238 (211 osteomyelitis and 27 soft-tissue infections) patients referred to a tertiary sarcoma multidisciplinary team with suspected sarcoma who were ultimately diagnosed with a bone or soft tissue infection were included. Data from a prospectively collated database was analysed retrospectively. Results Of all possible bone and soft-tissue sarcoma referrals, a diagnosis of infection was made in 2.1% and 0.7%, respectively. Median age was 18 years in the osteomyelitis group and 46 years in the soft-tissue infection group. In the osteomyelitis group, the most common presenting features were pain (85.8%) and swelling (32.7%). In the soft-tissue infection group, the most common clinical features were swelling (96.3%) and pain (70.4%). Those in the soft-tissue group were more likely to have raised inflammatory markers. Radiological investigations were unable to discern between tumour or infection in 59.7% of osteomyelitis and 81.5% of soft-tissue infection cases. No organism was identified in 64.9% of those who had a percutaneous biopsy culture. Conclusions This study has highlighted that infection is frequently clinically indistinguishable from sarcoma and remains a principle non-neoplastic differential diagnosis. When patients are investigated for suspected sarcoma, infections can be missed due to falsely negative radiological investigations and percutaneous biopsy. As no single clinical, biochemical or radiological feature or investigation can be relied upon for diagnosis, clinicians should have a low threshold for tissue biopsy and discussion in a sarcoma multidisciplinary team meeting.
Surgical treatment of type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis with a lateral arthroplasty while retaining the medially displaced condyle
Authors: Lin X , Li H-Y , Xie Q-T , Zhang T , Huang X-P , Zhou N 
Published: June 2019

Introduction We discuss our findings on the retention of the medially displaced residual condyle during the treatment of type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis, as well as the postoperative results observed during follow-up. Materials and methods Thirty-two patients with type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis that met the inclusion criteria of the study were included as subjects. The morphological integrity of the medially displaced residual condyle was verified in all of the participating patients through the use of cone beam computed tomography. The duration of the ankylosis ranged from 2 to 12 years. The maximum length that patients were able to open their mouths ranged from 6 mm to 14 mm. The surgical treatments used in this report included the separation of bony fusions between the condyle and the glenoid fossa, resection of the ankylosed sites, preservation of the displaced condyles in their medial position and suturing the remains of the disc to its typical position or taking the temporalis myofascial flap instead. The long-term results were evaluated by computed tomography and clinical follow-up examinations. Results Three-year postoperative follow-up examinations were performed for all of the patients included in this study. No recurrences were observed in the patients who adhered to the postoperative therapeutic advice. Patients had an average maximal mouth opening distance of 34.50 ± 5.75 mm as recorded during the final follow-up examination. Conclusions The released medially residual condyle can still function normally in temporomandibular joint movement and without reankylosis after a bone fusion resection. The displaced condyle should thus be preserved instead of being removed during the treatment of type III temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
Symptomatic trochanteric non-union following total hip replacement treated with reattachment combined with two-stage revision surgery of the femoral stem
Authors: Drampalos E , Bayam L , Oakley J , Hemmady M , Hodgkinson J 
Published: June 2019

We present a case of symptomatic trochanteric non-union following total hip replacement treated initially with a Dall-Miles grip plate. After failure of this treatment, the patient had a two-stage revision. Trochanteric non-union is one of the well-described complications after total hip replacement. It is frequently difficult to treat, while potentially causing weakness, altered gait and instability of the artificial joint. We believe that reattachment of the trochanter combined with a staged revision of the femoral stem using a posterior approach for the second stage could be a valuable technique to be added to the orthopaedic armamentarium for recurrent and symptomatic trochanteric non-unions after primary total hip replacement, particularly after failure to treat with all the other techniques described in literature.
Arthroplasty infection rates in fractured neck of femur: single vs dual antibiotic cement
Authors: Savage P , McCormick M , Al-Dadah O 
Published: June 2019

Introduction Mortality rates following hip arthroplasty range between 10% and 40% after 12 months. A higher rate is attributed to postoperative complications, of which surgical site infection is one of the most significant. In an effort to reduce surgical site infection following arthroplasty, antibiotics can be added to the cement used. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether dual antibiotic impregnated cement can reduce the rate of deep surgical site infection in patients following cemented arthroplasty for fractured neck of femur compared with single antibiotic impregnated cement. The secondary aim was to compare the rate of superficial surgical site infection in single compared with dual antibiotic cement. Materials and methods A total of 206 patients were included. Group 1 included 108 retrospective patients who underwent arthroplasty for neck of femur fracture over a 12-month period using single antibiotic impregnated cement. Group 2 included 98 prospective patients who underwent arthroplasty for neck of femur fracture over a 12-month period using dual antibiotic impregnated cement. The rates of deep and superficial surgical site infection were investigated. Results Group 1 had a deep surgical site infection rate of 2.9% (n = 3), Group 2 had a deep surgical site infection rate of 0% (n = 0). Group 1 had a superficial surgical site infection rate of 3.7% (n = 4), Group 2 had a superficial surgical site infection rate of 5.1% (n = 5). Conclusion Dual antibiotic cement reduced the rate of deep surgical site infection compared with conventional single antibiotic cement in arthroplasty for fractured neck of femur. Only a marginal difference in superficial surgical site infection was observed.
Getting It Right First Time: the national survey of surgical site infection rates in NHS trusts in England
Authors: Wong JLC , Ho CWY , Scott G , Machin JT , Briggs TWR ,   The National Surgical Site Infection Audit Collaborators
Published: June 2019

Introduction Surgical site infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients. The Getting It Right First Time surgical site infection programme set up a national survey to review surgical site infection rates in surgical units in England. The objectives were for frontline clinicians to assess the rates of infection following selected procedures, to examine the risk of significant complications and to review current practice in the prevention of surgical site infection. Methods A national survey was launched in April 2017 to assess surgical site infections within 13 specialties: breast surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, cranial neurosurgery, ear, nose and throat surgery, general surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, ophthalmology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthopaedic surgery, paediatric surgery, spinal surgery, urology and vascular surgery. All participating trusts prospectively identified and collected supporting information on surgical site infections diagnosed within the six-month study period. Results Data were received from 95 NHS trusts. A total of 1807 surgical site infection cases were reported. There were variations in rates reported by trusts across specialties and procedures. Reoperations were reported in 36.2% of all identified cases, and surgical site infections are associated with a delayed discharge rate of 34.1% in our survey. Conclusion The Getting It Right First Time surgical site infection programme has introduced a different approach to infection surveillance in England. Results of the survey has demonstrated variation in surgical site infection rates among surgical units, raised the importance in addressing these issues for better patient outcomes and to reduce the financial burden on the NHS. Much work remains to be done to improve surgical site infection surveillance across surgical units and trusts in England.
The Relationship between Lifelong Learning Trends, Digital Literacy Levels and Usage of Web 2.0 Tools with Social Entrepreneurship Characteristics / Korelacija trendova cjeloživotnoga učenja, razina digitalne pismenosti, učestalosti upotrebe Web 2.0 alata
Authors: GUR ERDOGAN Duygu , Canan Güngören Özlem , Hamutoğlu Nazire Burçin , Kaya Uyanık Gülden , Demirtas Tolaman Tugba 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aims to examine how lifelong learning trends, usage of Web 2.0 tools, and digital literacy levels affect social entrepreneurship characteristics. The study used the descriptive cross-sectional survey model. In this context, Social Entrepreneurship Qualifications Scale, Lifelong Learning Trends Scale, Digital Literacy Scale and the Frequency of Web 2.0 Usage Questionnaire were applied to the prospective teachers (N=809) studying at Sakarya University Faculty of Education. Two different models were created with Structural Equation Modeling based on the data obtained, and these two models were combined to be tested. It was concluded that lifelong learning trends, digital literacy levels and frequency of using Web 2.0 tools have a direct and indirect impact on social entrepreneurship.Key words: digital literacy; lifelong learning; social entrepreneurship; structural equation modelling (SEM); Web 2.0.---SažetakCilj je ovoga rada istražiti kako trend cjeloživotnoga učenja, upotreba Web 2.0 alata i razina digitalne pismenosti utječu na karakteristike socijalnog poduzetništva. Istraživanju se pristupilo koristeći se deskriptivnim modelom ankete. U tom kontekstu budući učitelji (n=809) koji studiraju na Učiteljskom fakultetu Sveučilišta Sakarya ispunili su sljedeće upitnike: Skala osposobljenosti za socijalno poduzetništvo (eng. Social Entrepreneurship Qualifications Scale, Lifelong Learning Trends Scale), Skala digitalne pismenosti (eng. Digital Literacy Scale) i Upitnik o učestalosti upotrebe Web 2.0 (eng. Frequency of Web 2.0 Usage Questionnaire). Putem podataka dobivenih strukturalnim modeliranjem, dobivena su dva različita modela koja su objedinjena za potrebe istraživanja. Zaključeno je da trendovi cjeloživotnoga učenja, razine digitalne pismenosti i učestalost upotrebe Web 2.0 alata imaju izravan i neizravan učinak na socijalno poduzetništvo. Ključne riječi: cjeloživotno učenje; digitalna pismenost; socijalno poduzetništvo; strukturalno modeliranje; Web 2.0.
Study on total lipid content, lipid class composition of some fire and soft corals collected in Nha Trang, Vietnam
Authors: Kien Nguyen Ba , Huong Trinh Thi Thu , Huyen Luu Van , Vinh Nguyen Thanh , Phong Tran Duy , Nguyet Dang Thi Minh , Nga Nguyen Thi , Ly Dang Thi Phuong , Long Pham Quoc 
Published: June 2019

For the first time, the total lipid content and lipid class composition of the Vietnamese soft corals (Sinularia brassica, Sinularia flexibilis) and fire corals (Millepora dichotoma, Millepora platyphylla) were investigated. The results indicated that the total lipid content of the investigated species was significantly different. Compositions of the lipid classes were analyzed using TLC and image analysis program Sorbfil TLC Videodensitometer DV and the results showed that phospholipids (PL, 10.91–16.02%), monoalkyldiacylglycerols (MADAG, 20.69-39.92%) and hydrocarbon wax (HW, 29.83-37.17%) were the main lipid classes of the total lipid in soft coral species. Meanwhile, PL (24.11-33.23%), TG (14.27–34.92%), ST (10.10–14.50%) and HW (12.08–19.95%) were predominant in fire coral species. ST, TG and FFA contents in soft and fire corals were at low level. DG was only present in the Sinularia flexibilis but not in other studied corals.
El tráfico de cocaína entre América Latina y África Occidental
Authors: Sampo Carolina 
Published: June 2019

Desde hace más de 10 años, un tercio de la cocaína que ingresa a Europa lo hace a través de África Occidental. Sin embargo, poco se sabe de la relación existente entre América Latina, como región productora de cocaína, y África Occidental, como zona de tráfico, acopio y consumo. Este trabajo, de carácter exploratorio, busca entender por qué África Occidental se presenta atractiva para los traficantes latinoamericanos y cómo funciona el vínculo entre ellos y los africanos. La hipótesis que plantea es que los Estados africanos han sido cooptados por las organizaciones criminales. Estas generan mayores incentivos para las organizaciones criminales latinoamericanas, que consideran que dicha ruta es menos riesgosa y más redituable que otras, aun cuando tengan que negociar, parte de la logística con sus pares africanos. Como resultado, se han detectado tres hubs por los que ingresa la cocaína proveniente de América Latina: uno en la Costa Atlántica, uno en el Sahel y otro en el golfo de Benín.
Abstract
For more than 10 years, one third of the cocaine that enters Europe does so through West Africa. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between Latin America, as the region that produces cocaine, and West Africa, as a zone of trafficking, stockpiling and consumption. This article, which is of an exploratory kind, seeks to understand why West Africa presents itself as attractive to Latin-American traffickers and how the link between them and the Africans works. The hypothesis stated in this work is that African States have been co-opted by criminal organizations. They generate greater incentives for Latin American criminal organizations, which consider this route less risky and more profitable than others, even though they have to negotiate part of the logistics with their African peers. As a result, three hubs through which cocaine comes from Latin America have been detected: one on the Atlantic Coast, one in the Sahel and another one in the Gulf of Benin.
A new approach to the efficiency concept in South African industry
Authors: Pitis C.D. , Van Rensburg J.F. , Kleingeld M. , Mathews E.H. 
Published: June 2019

This millennium is marked by a new trend: efficien-cy. In the actual economical environment, business sustainability requires high-efficiency technological processes. The efficiency concept has to be present at all levels of industrial activities. However, as com-mon practice, the efficiency concept is still regarded equivalent to ‘energy efficiency’ as mentioned in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 1996), and specifically re-defined by the Federal Energy Management Plan (Department of Energy Federal Register 1994.By analysing specific industrial processes, the authors have defined a global concept of efficiency presenting results of sound research in this field, with reference to electric motors and drives. Typical examples supporting the theoretical background reveal general impacts on the South African econo-my by implementing this new concept:• Technical and economical performance improvement and competitiveness of South African companies to international standards;• Defusing an incipient energy crisis in the sector;• Improving environmental conditions (less ema-nations of carbon dioxide at the power plants); and• Creating new job opportunities in the sector. The global concept of efficiency proposed in this paper can be further developed in assessing effi-ciency of various processes, thus improving compa-nies’ corporate energy policy.
Court Practice in Family Disputes: Problems of Discretion on the Verge of Law-Making
Authors: Tarusina N. N. 
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems connected with the law-making function of court practice in family disputes. The history of this function, which is not one of the classic types of judicial activity, has several factors: paticularities of family legal relations, situational nature of the majority of family law norms as a key prerequisite for broad judicial discretion in its various forms — concretization, interpretation, subsidiary application of the legislation, application of analogy, conflict resolution that in some cases can be qualified as legal stances of normative type. As an illustration, the provisions of a number of current rulings of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on family matters are offered.It is noted that the purpose of the rule-making approaches applied in the court practice involve primarily considerations of fairness in relation to expediency. At the same time, firstly, the criteria for choosing situations for the formation of a trend towards a fair resolution of family disputes of a certain category are not quite clear; secondly, the legal approaches under consideration do not exclude a direct conflict with the family law; thirdly, they remain in the status of recommendations for decades instead of being modified within a reasonable time and transformed into an improved family legislation.The author associates himself with the scholars who consider it necessary, if judicial law-making is inevitable, to regulate its grounds, criteria and procedure directly via civil procedural and/or other laws.
Legal Interpretation of Bribery (Statistical Analysis)
Authors: Nemchenko G. I. 
Published: June 2019

Anti-corruption is one of the priorities of state policy and the most important activity of law enforcement agencies, which are given a central place in the implementation of anti-corruption legislation and its enforcement. In order to combat corruption and in accordance with paragraph 1 part 1 of the Federal law of 25.12.2008№ 273-FZ «On combating corruption» the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 29.062018 № 378 approved the national anti-corruption plan for 2018-2020.Bribery, which is the core of economic and legal violations, occupies a special place in the structure of corruption crime. The number of crimes on the registered facts of bribery is constantly growing and deviation from the norms is transformed into an acceptable norm that contradicts the interests of the civil service and state power.Considering bribery as a type of economic criminal offense, the author proposes an analytical decomposition of crimes committed in the period 2001-2015, the natural trends and random deviations from the trend. New coverage of crimes consists in building statistical relationships, dependencies and interdependencies between contractors, which are governed by the ideology of Law and Economics. An interdisciplinary approach aimed at improving anti-corruption measures expands the scientific and methodological potential of bribery research.As a measure of dependence, correlation and regression coefficients are used in the microsystem of the transaction organized without intermediaries. The axiom of a «bribe» is offered, increasing the cost of the service of the bribetaker and distributed subsequently by the bribe-giver on consumers of the benefits created by it.The tested procedures can be used to create mechanisms for promoting anti-corruption values and scientific support of anti-corruption.
Fotografia uwalniająca rzeczywistość. Fotograficzna inwentaryzacja świata
Authors: Stępień Kamil 
Published: June 2019

<p>Artykuł skupia się na przedstawieniu najważniejszych koncepcji naukowych, społecznych i kulturowych, które podkreślają znaczenie obrazów, zwłaszcza fotografii, w życiu człowieka, oraz ich specyfikę. Przedstawiono znaczenie fotografii jako dokumentu, dzieła sztuki, materiału naukowo-badawczego. Poruszono kwestię siły przekazu dokumentów wizualnych, w tym fotografii, sposób ich organizacji oraz to, że fotografia rejestruje rzeczywistość niezwykle precyzyjnie. Opisano historię fotografii w kontekście rozwoju nowych metod badawczych w nauce. Zaprezentowano ideę fotografii dokumentalnej. Przedstawiono zasady komunikacji fotograficznej, psychologiczne i filozoficzne czynniki skłaniające ludzi do uwieczniania rzeczywistości, w której żyją.</p>
Isabel Zendal e os nenos da varíola. Obra de teatro infantil
Authors: Cundins Caamaño Sinda 
Published: June 2019

Neste traballo preséntase unha obra de teatro infantil adaptada pola profesora Sinda Cundins Caamaño do CEIP Labarta Pose de Baio (Concello de Zas, A Coruña). Está inspirada na novela de María Solar Os nenos da varíola (2017) e nas investigacións de Antonio López Mariño sobre o papel de Isabel Zendal, Reitora do Hospicio da Coruña, e unha das protagonistas da expedición da varíola que parte a América desde Coruña a principios do século XIX. Ademais do texto, inclúese na presente achega unha representación da obra a cargo dos nenos e nenas de 6º de Primaria do CEIP Labarta Pose, do curso 2017/2018, baixo a dirección da súa profesora, autora do presente traballo. A representación realizouse o 18 de abril de 2018 no Reitorado da Universidade da Coruña no marco dun Proxecto de Aprendizaxe Servizo (ApS) realizado polos profesores Begoña Bas e Roberto García Morís, co seu alumnado de 3º do Grao de Educación Primaria da Universidade da Coruña e o alumnado de 2º de ESO do IES Ramón Menéndez Pidal-Zalaeta, dentro dun Proxecto de Educación para o Desenvolvemento dirixido pola ONG Arquitectura sen Fronteiras (ASF).