bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credibility Theory Under the Least Squared Relative Loss Function
Authors: Yong Yaodi , Zhang Yiying , Zhu Xiaobai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe classical Bühlmann model employs a least squared loss criterion that penalizes pricing errors equally across all risk classes. In contrast, this paper develops a new credibility theory based on the least squared relative loss (LSRL) function to address scenarios where the classical approach may fall short. We derive explicit expressions of LSRL‐based credibility estimators, including non‐parametric versions and Bühlmann–Straub extensions. Through a comparative study, we illustrate the real‐world applicability of the LSRL estimator across different scenarios, highlighting its advantages and limitations in comparison to the classical model. Additionally, we explore different LSRL formulations to provide deeper insights into their practical viability.
O‐Acetyl Bakuchiol Exhibits Analgesic, Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Arthritic Effects: A Combined In Silico and In Vivo Experimental Study
Authors: Kumar Hitesh , Gupta Nidhi , Dar Mohammad Ovais , Dangroo Nisar A. , Gupta Sumeet 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the present manuscript, we evaluated the analgesic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arthritic effects of bakuchiol derivative, O‐acetyl bakuchiol (BAc), at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses in adult Sprague–Dawley rats. BAc at 20 mg/kg p.o. exhibited maximum analgesic (47.4%), anti‐inflammatory (66.50%) and anti‐arthritic effects. Among the different parameters studied for anti‐arthritic effects, BAc at 20 mg/kg increased the body weight (2.89%), decreased the paw thickness (72.46%) and decreased the paw inflammation (48.59%) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)‐induced arthritic rats. In haematological/serum and biochemical parameters, BAc at 20 mg/kg brought the altered levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Hb, HCT, RBC, TLC and platelet count, HDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factor near to the normal. Moreover, the spleen weight was also reduced in BAc‐treated rats at 20 mg/kg. Histopathological analysis further revealed that a reduction in paw inflammation was observed in paw ankle joints, and no inflammation was observed in brain, liver, lungs and kidney in BAc‐treated rats at 20 mg/kg p.o. Molecular docking studies further revealed that BAc has better binding affinity for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) (Protein Data Bank [PDB] ID: 7JRA) −7.19 kcal/mol comparable to standard methotrexate with binding affinity −9.56 kcal/mol. Therefore, the present investigation provided the basis for the development of BAc as a potential candidate for the treatment of arthritis.
Coexistence Between Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Protein S Deficiency in a Patient With Transverse Sinus Thrombosis: A Rare Association
Authors: Mahmoud Ziryab Imad Taha , Abdalla Yassin Abdelrahim , Omer Hoyam Bakri Gafar Elhaj , Ali Obada Mohamed Ahmed , Suliman Muhammad Salah Ali , Awad Asma , Hamza Salih Boushra , Elmobark Sara Omar Elamin , Gafar Mohammedelmuntaga , Osman Abuobieda Omer 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe primary antiphospholipid syndrome and protein S deficiency are known hypercoagulable states predisposing to strokes. We present a 34‐year‐old woman presented to rheumatology clinic complaining of right side weakness and aphasia for 2 months before the visit. There was joint pain in the right elbow and shoulder joints, hyperpigmentation on her face and dry painful red eyes mainly the right eye in addition to dry mouth. She had a history of recurrent abortions. Neurological examination showed hypertonia on right lower and upper limb and normal on left one, while the power was grade 3 on right side and normal in left one. Upper motor neuron signs and facial palsy was noted. Hyperpigmentation in the face was observed. MRI brain showed that left temporoparietal hemorrhagic infraction involving the basal ganglia and MRV brain showed left transverse sinus thrombosis and attenuation of sigmoid and internal jugular vein. B2‐glycoprotein Ig AGM, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin (IgG, IgM, and IgA), protein S were positive. ANA profile was borderline for PCNA. We report unusual venous sinus thrombosis with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and acquired protein S deficiency.
A Patient With Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Presenting With Severe Abdominal Pain
Authors: Islam Sumona , Ahmed Dewan Saifuddin , Khan Nabila Tasneem , Rakhi Farjana Sultana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEosinophilic gastroenteritis is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and intestine. It is a rare disorder with bizarre presentations, making it difficult to diagnose and often leading to misdiagnoses. It can present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, obstruction, ascites, etc. Here, we report a case of a middle‐aged female who presented with severe abdominal pain and was initially suspected to have acute pancreatitis. She received conservative management, but symptoms did not improve. This led to further evaluation, which revealed peripheral blood eosinophilia. Although the mucosa appeared normal on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, biopsy from multiple sites revealed eosinophilic infiltration in the gastric and duodenal lamina propria. The patient was then successfully treated with oral steroid. Due to its varied presentations, eosinophilic gastroenteritis should be considered as the differential diagnosis in different abdominal presentations.
Orbital Apex Syndrome Following Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: A Case Report and Clinical Approach
Authors: Motamed Shariati Mehrdad , Shekarchian Farid , Zolfaghari Ali 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the potential for rapid progression and significant morbidity, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for OAS in patients with HZO who present with neurological symptoms such as ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and sensory loss.
Rapid and Efficient Ring‐Opening Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with Glutaric Anhydride Using Titanium Promoter Under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Nath Priyanku , Sagar Shweta , Das Suman , Kumar Ravi , Ray Aranya , Sarkar Alok , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA novel β‐ketimine ligand‐supported titanium complex, [Ti (DippNHC(Me) = CHC(Me)O2)Cl2] (2) enabling competent ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and copolymerization (ROCOP) of CHO and glutaric anhydride (GA) is unveiled. Incredibly well‐controlled poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO) with a range of molecular weights and narrow polydispersity index (PDI) is achieved. The ROP reaction proceeded under mild reaction conditions without the aid of any exogenous initiator. The thermal properties of the polyethers showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from 60 °C to 69 °C in the DSC curve and high thermal stability of the polymers up to 387 °C in the TGA curve. The Ti(IV) catalyst additionally showed superior activity in the ROCOP of CHO and GA. ROCOP reactions were performed using a diverse range of CHO and GA monomer equivalents, demonstrating the random insertion of epoxide units per glutaric anhydride and forming a random copolymer.
Supramolecular Gels Derived from Primary Ammonium Salts of Naproxen and its Amino Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Structures and its Application as Anti‐cancer Agent Against Melanoma Cell B16‐F10
Authors: Manna Utsab , Ghosh Subhajit , Pharas Asish , Roy Nabanita , Pal Pradip , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSupramolecular synthon approach was employed to synthesize a series of primary ammonium monocarboxylate (PAM) salts derived from a well‐known nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen (NAP) and its amino acid conjugates namely naproxen‐L‐phenylalanine (NAP‐PHE) and naproxen‐L‐alanine (NAP‐ALA), and four amines namely tyramine (TYRM), tryptamine (TRPM), 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMP) and phenethylamine (PEA) as potential supramolecular gelators for developing self‐drug delivery system. Out of the total twelve PAM salts thus synthesized, 75 % of the salts showed gelation ability. Importantly, majority of the gelator salts (67 %) displayed gelling abilities with topical gel formulating solvent methyl salicylate. One such salt, NAP‐PHE⋅PEA was an ambidextrous gelator producing hydrogel with pure water and organogel with methyl salicylate with a minimum gelator concentration (MGC) of 0.5 wt % (w/v) thereby qualifying as a supergelator. The gels were extensively characterized by dynamic rheology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Supramolecular interactions such as π‐π and C−H…π were probed by variable‐temperature 1H‐NMR spectroscopy in the hydrogelation process of NAP‐PHE⋅PEA. Single crystal structures of nine out of twelve salts were determined and the supramolecular synthon present therein was carefully analyzed. Intriguing insights of the gel‐network structure was also investigated by structure‐property correlation based on single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction (SXRD, PXRD, respectively) analysis of gelator/nongelator salts. The gelator salt NAP‐PHE⋅PEA displayed significant anti‐cancer property against cancer cells (B16‐F10, HeLa and A375); it was found non‐cytotoxic against normal cell lines (E. derm and HEK‐293) at comparable concentrations as revealed by MTT assays. The gelator salt NAP‐PHE⋅PEA also displayed significant anti‐cancer behaviour against B16‐F10 (scratch assay) and HeLa (multi‐cellular tumour spheroid). The methyl salicylate gel of NAP‐PHE⋅PEA displayed shape‐sustaining, load‐bearing, self‐healing properties along with rheoreversibility, which are considered important for topical applications.
Adsorption mechanism of neodymium onto a South American ion‐adsorption clay and its associated minerals (goethite and silicon dioxide)
Authors: Ding Lingyang , Azimi Gisele 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIon‐adsorption clays, where rare earth elements (REEs) are adsorbed on surfaces due to weathering, elution, and adsorption processes, have been the primary sources of REEs, especially in China. Recently, South American ion‐adsorption clays, containing significant amounts of associated minerals such as goethite, silicon dioxide, and monazite, have gained attention for their complex REE occurrence and surface adsorption mechanisms. This study examines the performance and mechanisms of Nd3+ adsorption by South American ion‐adsorption clay. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms are investigated for the clay and its associated minerals (goethite and silicon dioxide) to clarify the REE adsorption mechanism. Additionally, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) is used to analyze the samples before and after adsorption, and zeta potential measurements are conducted to determine the point of zero charge (pHpzc). Results indicate that ion‐adsorption clay carries a negative charge and surface hydroxyl groups, leading to both physisorption and chemisorption of Nd3+, with an activation energy of 6.0 kJ/mol. The negative surface charge is attributed to kaolinite, while hydroxyl groups are provided by both clay and associated minerals. Nd3+ adsorption on goethite and silicon dioxide is homogeneous monolayer chemisorption, driven by surface hydroxyl groups. Silicon dioxide exhibits a lower activation energy (23.6 kJ/mol) compared with goethite (39.6 kJ/mol), likely due to its smaller pHpzc and larger negative zeta potential at pH 6. However, goethite showed a higher adsorption capacity due to its more abundant surface hydroxyl groups.
The Significance of the ′Insignificant′: Non‐covalent Interactions in CO2 Reduction Reactions with 3C‐TM (TM=Sc‐Zn) Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Lu Linguo , Huang Jingsong , Guerrero Alvaro , Street Ian , Mosali Sriram , Sumpter Bobby G. , Mustain William E. , Chen Zhongfang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith energy shortages and excessive CO2 emissions driving climate change, converting CO2 into high‐value‐added products offers a promising solution for carbon recycling. We investigate CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) catalyzed by 10 single‐atom catalysts (SACs), incorporating weak non‐covalent interactions, specifically lone pair‐π and H‐π interactions. The SACs, consisting of transition metals coordinated by three carbon atoms in a defective graphene substrate (3C‐TM, TM=Sc‐Zn), leverage these interactions to influence the energy fluctuations of intermediates and the limiting potentials of CO2RR, without altering the overall reaction pathway. Our findings show that SACs based on early transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr) can serve as catalysts for C1 products, including HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, and CH4, while those based on Fe and Co are suitable for CO formation. Driving force analysis helps bridge theoretical results with experimental observations and propose a modified approach for assessing hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) competition. SACs based on Ni and Cu exhibit moderate HER tolerance, while early transition metals excel in selective CO2 reduction. We also identify a linear scaling relationship between the free energies of *COOH and *CO. This study offers valuable insights for future experimental studies and large‐scale computational screenings.
Electrochemical valorization of dilute reactive nitrogen compounds into ammonia: advances in catalysis and reactive separations
Authors: Lee Wonjun , Kim DongYeon , Kim Kwiyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe global demand for sustainable nitrogen management has brought attention to the challenge of efficiently converting dilute nitrogen compounds, such as nitrates and nitrogen oxides, into valuable ammonia. This review emphasizes on innovative catalyst designs, including homogeneous and heterogenous catalysts tailored to low‐concentration reactive nitrogen species. Moreover it explores the integration of advanced separation and concentration techniques, such as electrosorption and dialysis, to overcome mass transport limitations and enable effective electrochemical valorization. This review also examines reactive separation strategies for post‐purification, focusing on the integration of recovery processes with catalysis in a direct manner. By detailing these approaches, this work outlines pathways to scalable and energy‐efficient solutions for converting waste nitrogen streams into ammonia, addressing critical challenges in nitrogen valorization and offering prospects for industrial applications.
Evaluation of Aliphatic Alcohols for CO2 Capture Using the Characteristic Carbonate Frequency
Authors: Delibas Berk , Cotton Dani , Sudhakaran Keerthy P. , Dawlaty Jahan M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControl over CO2 capture and utilization are important scientific and technological challenges. Although a variety of amine absorbents are used for capture, releasing the captured CO2 is often difficult and limits their recyclability. Therefore, it is crucial to control the strength of the CO2 bond with the absorbent. Furthermore, it is desirable to use a method that can conveniently report the strength of this bond. This motivates exploring adducts of CO2 with alcohols in the presence of a base, using vibrational spectroscopy to report on the bond strength. Although reactions of alcohols with CO2 to form alkyl carbonates are known, a systematic study of these adducts has not been conducted. Here we show formation of alkyl carbonates by a series of alcohols spanning the pKa range 9.5 to 16.8. We show experimental and computational results for the frequency of the characteristic asymmetric stretch of the carbonate and demonstrate that it correlates inversely with the pKa of the alcohol. Based on computations of the bond lengths and previous work, we propose that this frequency also correlates inversely with the adduct strength. This work extends the scope of CO2 capture reagents and inspires further research in tuning alcohols as reversible absorbents.
Modeling on High‐Frequency Parasitic Parameters of Artificial Mains Network Based on Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Zhibo , Yan Wei , Zhao Yang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe performance of the artificial mains network (AMN) has an important influence on the accuracy of the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise measurement. The high‐frequency features of the AMN like impedance and voltage division factor (VDF) should be calibrated to enhance the precision of the conducted EMI noise measurement. Because the parasitic parameters of passive devices at high‐frequency have a significant influence on the performance of the AMN, a high‐frequency model of the AMN with parasitic parameters is established in the current study, and the high‐frequency parasitic parameters are extracted based on an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm and AMN topology. The live wire impedance and VDF of R&S AMN ENV216 are obtained according to the presented approach. The results of the proposed method are compared with those extracted using the scattering parameters and a vector network analyzer, and the effectiveness of the method is validated. This study will aid in the calibration of the AMN and contribute to the accurate measurement of conducted EMI noise in electronic devices.
Mental Health After COVID‐19 Death‐Related Loss in Individuals With Eating Disorders: A Multi‐Country Nested Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Costello Kayla , Birgegård Andreas , Borg Stina , Thornton Laura M. , Thompson Katherine A. , Hedlund Elin , Peat Christine M. , Goode Rachel W. , Termorshuizen Jet D. , Mantilla Emma Forsén , van Furth Eric F. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Watson Hunna J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused millions of deaths worldwide and significantly impacted people with eating disorders, exacerbating symptoms and limiting access to care. This study examined the association between COVID‐19 death‐related loss—defined as the death of a family member, friend, or acquaintance due to COVID‐19—and mental health among people with preexisting eating disorders in the United States (US), the Netherlands, and Sweden.MethodParticipants with a history of eating disorders completed a baseline survey early in the pandemic (US: N = 511; Netherlands: N = 510; Sweden: N = 982) and monthly (US, the Netherlands) or biannual (Sweden) follow‐ups from April 2020 to May 2021. The surveys assessed pandemic impact on eating disorder‐related behaviors and concerns, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and COVID‐19‐related deaths. A matched nested case–control design was used to compare individuals experiencing a death‐related loss with matched controls.ResultsA substantial proportion experienced a COVID‐19 death‐related loss (US: 33%; Netherlands: 39%; Sweden: 17%). No significant differences were found between cases and controls on eating disorder, anxiety, depression, or sleep outcomes.DiscussionDespite the expected influence of COVID‐19 death‐related loss on mental health, our study found no significant association. Reactions to pandemics may be highly individual, and practitioners may want to consider broader losses—such as bereavement, missed educational experiences, relationship disruptions, financial instability, and employment challenges—when addressing patients' needs. Future research should continue to explore how death‐related loss impacts eating disorder risk and progression.
The Secret Family Life of a Group of Golden Jackals on Samos, Greece
Authors: Custers Jonas , Hatlauf Jennifer , van der Niet Sem , Tintoré Beatriz , Miliou Anastasia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe golden jackal (Canis aureus) is remarkably flexible in terms of behaviour. This is advantageous to the range expansion of the species to northern and western Europe. Despite the widespread distribution of the golden jackal, many aspects of its behaviour are still poorly known. In this study, we have aimed to improve our general understanding of golden jackal social behaviour by monitoring one family group of a unique insular population living on Samos (Greece) using camera trap data over a study period of 9 months. Successful identification of individual golden jackals based on visual characteristics, determination of the dominance hierarchy and social network analyses has allowed us to gain insights into the group's social organisation, mating system and social structure determined by social relationships. We revealed the studied family group to be relatively stable, consisting of a dominant adult pair and one or two generations of their offspring. Some major changes occurred during the breeding season in terms of social behaviour, group composition and structure. A total of six pups were born, which were cared for by both dominant adults as well as one male and one female yearling who stayed as helpers at the nest. Both the dominant female and the female yearling showed signs of lactation, suggesting either a case of pseudopregnancy or allonursing. Using non‐invasive methods combined with individual identification based on coat colouration patterns, this research contributes to our understanding of the social behaviour of the golden jackal population on Samos in Europe and, by extension, of the species as a whole.
Disparities in Perimyotis subflavus Body Mass Between Cave and Culvert Hibernacula in Georgia, USA
Authors: Ferrall Emily A. , Perea Santiago , Morris Katrina M. , Pattavina Pete E. , Irwin Brian J. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeff , Castleberry Steven B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), once common in the eastern United States, has experienced significant mortality due to white‐nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease that primarily affects bats hibernating in caves and mines. In coastal regions of the southeastern United States, where caves and mines are scarce, tricolored bats often use roadway culverts as hibernacula. However, WNS infection dynamics in culverts are poorly understood. Previous research indicated that bats with higher body mass at the onset of hibernation have a higher probability of surviving repeated arousal events from WNS. Therefore, we compared tricolored bat winter body mass between cave and culvert hibernacula and identified culvert characteristics influencing body mass during hibernation in Georgia, USA. From 2018 to 2022, we measured body mass of 754 individuals in early and late hibernation across 32 culverts (n = 497) and four caves (n = 257). Our study revealed a southward spread of the fungus over multiple years, with the first confirmed case of WNS in a Georgia culvert in 2022. Overall, tricolored bats in caves weighed more in early hibernation than those in culverts, but bats in culverts weighed more in late hibernation. Across all sites, female tricolored bats entering and leaving hibernation had greater mass than males but lost more mass during hibernation, possibly due to differences in torpor‐arousal patterns and WNS infection rates. Additionally, all bats lost more mass in longer culverts. Understanding culvert characteristics affecting bat body mass will inform management strategies to mitigate WNS effects. Identifying risk factors for specific tricolored bat hibernacula can guide managers on where to focus winter WNS monitoring efforts and potential treatments.