bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic ferrocolloid modelled as the Jeffreys fluid: dynamic magnetic susceptibility in the presence of a bias field
Authors: Rusakov V V , Raikher Yu L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Orientational Brownian motion of a solid nanoparticle embedded in a viscoelastic medium modelled by the Jeffreys fluid is studied. The particle bears a magnetic moment and is subjected to a combination of a constant (bias) and a weak (probing) AC magnetic fields. First, the set of Langevin equations of the problem is presented and then on that basis a corresponding kinetic equation (KE) is derived. The solution of the KE that is linear with respect to the AC field amplitude is worked out. This solution is virtually exact since it is cast as a series that enables one to obtain the result with arbitrary accuracy. In that framework, a closed expression for the dynamic magnetic susceptibility of a statistical ensemble of magnetic particles in a viscoelastic environment is found, analyzed and compared to the previously existed approximate solution. It is shown that: (i) the dynamic elasticity of the medium has a substantial effect on the magnetic spectra; (ii) to correctly describe this effect, one has to retain a considerable number of terms in the series that presents the KE solution.
The influence of traveling magnetic field inductor asymmetric power supply on the liquid metal flow
Authors: Sokolov I , Shvydkiy E , Losev G , Bolotin K. , Bychkov S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In modern times, exposure to a liquid metal by a travelling magnetic field is widely applied. There are laboratory studies on the processes of stirring and crystallization under the action of a traveling magnetic field. However, in the majority of studies it is assumed that the inductor power supply of the linear induction machine is carried out by a symmetrical three-phase system of currents with an equal phase shift, which, in some cases, is not quite correct. To approximate the model to real operating conditions, a numerical simulation of the magnetic field and the flow of liquid metal was carried out when supplied from a power source of symmetric three-phase voltage. The distortion of magnetic field, which, in turn, causes an nonuniform distribution of forces and the flow of a liquid metal, is shown. Evaluation of asymmetrical effect on the liquid metal flow was carried out by means of finite element method. That effect is caused by different coefficients of mutual coils induction of the linear induction machine, which is confirmed by experimental data.
Inductive methods of detection the boundary of electrically conductive media in experiment
Authors: Eltishchev V , Dimov I , Pavlinov A , Khalilov R , Kolesnichenko I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Induction methods of localization the electrically conductive media were implemented experimentally. Local and integral techniques are considered. Relations were represented between of the local level probe (LLP) signal, its position and the frequency of alternating current. The dependences of the integral level probe (ILP) signal on the frequency of the alternating current are obtained. The methods were tested in laboratory experiments in which it was possible to determine the metal level with an error not exceeding 1 mm. The LLP is more designed for small changes in the liquid metal boundary, comparable to the size of the probe. The ILP has its advantages when used in installations in which the change in the level of the liquid metal is greater than the pitch with which the measuring coils are installed.
Influence of aspect ratio on heat transfer in non-uniformly heated cylindrical fluid layers
Authors: Evgrafova A. , Sukhanovskii A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper experimental study of heat transfer processes in a cylindrical container non-homogeneously heated from below is presented. The heater has a circular form and was placed in the center of the vessel. The experiments were performed in the range of Rayleigh numbers from 4.4·106 to 1.2·107 and fixed Prandtl number (Pr = 67). Special attention was paid to the influence of the aspect ratio (the ratio of the height of the fluid layer to the diameter of the heater) on the flow structure and the intensification of heat transfer.
Electromagnetic flowmeter for wide-temperature range intensive liquid metal flows
Authors: Pavlinov A , Khalilov R , Mamykin A , Kolesnichenko I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The electromagnetic velocity sensor of Ricou and Vives with permanent magnet is well known. The probe is difficult to use at industrial conditions like metallurgy or nuclear power plants close to the Curie temperature. This article describes a reliable technique to provide controlled magnetic field distribution at the measurement area, generated by induction coils and concentrated by magnetic cores. The effect of magnetic field displacement, as well as weight and size of the assembled device, were minimized using numerical calculation of the field distribution for the case of a conducting media of different conductivity moving with different velocities. Calibration experiments showed high accuracy of measurements with low sensitivity to external electromagnetic noise.
Field-Induced Deformation and Structure Changes in a Magnetic Polymersome: Many-Particle Simulation
Authors: Ryzhkov A V , Raikher Yu L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation is performed to analyse structure and deformation response of a magnetic polymersome – a submicron hollow capsule whose membrane is made of amphiphilic block-copolymer, and the intramembrane space is filled with magnetic nanoparticles. The major prospects of these objects are related to controlled drug release. The developed many-particle model is used to calculate equilibrium magnetized configurations of polymersomes with different intensity of magnetic interparticle coupling. The analysis of those data reveals that under external magnetic field, an initially spherical capsule stretches along the field direction assuming a spheroid-like shape. This behaviour is caused by the field-driven tendency of the nanoparticles to aggregate inside the polymersome membrane. At weak interparticle magnetic interaction no extended chains are observed. Accordingly, the deformation and density redistribution are relatively small. In a polymersome with strong interparticle coupling the nanoparticles self-organize in long chains aligned with the field, and this induces considerable elongation of the polymersome along with accumulation of the majority of the nanoparticles in the “equatorial” zone of the membrane of the capsule.
Comparative Analysis of the Contact Deformation of the Spherical Sliding Layer of the Bearing with and without Taking into Account the Grooves with Lubricant
Authors: Adamov A A , Kamenskikh А А 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the analysis of the contact deformation of elements of spherical bearing through anti-friction polymeric layer made of modified fluoroplastic with and without taking into account the grooves with lubricant is carried out. The effect of grooves with lubricant on contact zone parameters is considered. Comparison of the results of the spherical bearing draft obtained within the framework of numerical and full-scale experiments with a constant coefficient of friction of 0.04 is made: at a nominal vertical load of 1000 kN, the difference between the results of numerical and full-scale experiments is minimal and is ∼ 7.13% for the model taking into account the grooves with lubricant. The analysis of frictional properties of modified fluoroplastic under the conditions of contact interaction with and without taking into account the lubrication of the mating surfaces is performed. Approximating functions have been selected to describe the dependence of the friction coefficient on the pressure acting on the contact section. The effect of the friction coefficient obtained experimentally on the contact deformation of the sliding layer is considered. Several qualitative and quantitative regularities have been established.
Geometrically Nonlinear Constitutive Equations of the Plastic Flow Theory in Terms of Asymmetric Stress and Strain Measures
Authors: Yants A Yu , Trusov P V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A formulation of the geometrically nonlinear plastic flow theory (PFT) based on asymmetric measures of stress and strain states is proposed. A main emphasis is placed on the physically reasonable decomposition of the deformation gradient into three components: elastic distortions, which determine stresses, an orthogonal tensor characterizing the quasi-rigid motion of a material and the plastic strain gradient. The quasi-rigid motion of the material is defined by introducing for a representative volume element a generalized lattice, which represents its symmetry elements. The hypoelastic anisotropic law is introduced in terms of the movable coordinate system associated with the material. The rate of plastic deformations is determined by the associated law of plastic flow. As a result, the closed system of constitutive equations of the geometrically nonlinear PFT of is obtained.
Simulation of Uniaxial Deformation of a Ferrogel Sample Exposed by the External Magnetic Field
Authors: Melenev P , Ryzhkov A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ferrogels are magnetoactive composite materials with very soft hydrogel matrix, filled by ferromagnetic particles. This work is devoted to a numerical investigation of magneto-mechanical behaviour of a small sample of ferrogel. Our model is based on a coarse grained molecular dynamics approach: polymeric matrix is emulated by lattice of bead-strings chains and magnetic single-domain particles are considered as rigid spheres and placed in a nodes of the lattice. This model was previously successfully used for a research of equilibrium magnetization of the material. Here we examine of the reaction of ferrogel sample on uniaxial tension in presence of an external magnetic field. Modelling proves that key role in a changes of mechanical response during the magnetization plays an internal structure of material, specifically, the existence of particles aggregates, induced by forces of dipolar magnetic interaction. Also the influence of magnetic anisotropy on a process is considered.
Delirium and post-discharge dementia: results from a cohort of older adults without baseline cognitive impairment
Authors: Garcez Flavia Barreto , Apolinario Daniel , Campora Flavia , Curiati Jose Antonio Esper , Jacob-Filho Wilson , Avelino-Silva Thiago Junqueira 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
to investigate the association between delirium occurrence in acutely ill older adults and incident dementia after hospital discharge.

Methods
retrospective cohort study examining acutely ill older adults aged +60 years and consecutively admitted to the geriatric ward of a tertiary university hospital from 2010 to 2016. Inclusion criteria were absence of baseline cognitive decline on admission and documented clinical follow-up of +12 months after discharge. Admission data were collected from our local database, including results from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment completed for every patient. Pre-existing cognitive decline was identified based on clinical history, CDR and IQCODE-16. Delirium was diagnosed using short-CAM criteria, while post-discharge dementia after 12 months was identified based on medical records’ review. We used competing-risk proportional-hazard models to explore the association between delirium and post-discharge dementia.

Results
we included 309 patients. Mean age was 78 years, and 186 (60%) were women. Delirium was detected in 66 (21%) cases. After a median follow-up of 24 months, 21 (32%) patients who had experienced delirium progressed with dementia, while only 38 (16%) of those without delirium had the same outcome (P = 0.003). After adjusting for possible confounders, delirium was independently associated with post-discharge dementia with a sub-hazard ratio of 1.94 (95%CI = 1.10–3.44; P = 0.022).

Conclusion
one in three acutely ill older adults who experienced delirium in the hospital developed post-discharge dementia during follow-up. Further understanding of delirium as an independent and potentially preventable risk factor for cognitive decline emphasizes the importance of systematic initiatives to fight it.
Higher dementia incidence in older adults with type 2 diabetes and large reduction in HbA1c
Authors: Lee Allen T C , Richards Marcus , Chan Wai C , Chiu Helen F K , Lee Ruby S Y , Lam Linda C W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
although type 2 diabetes increases risk of dementia by 2-fold, whether optimizing glycemic level in late life can reduce risk of dementia remains uncertain. We examined if achieving the glycemic goal recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) within a year was associated with lower risk of dementia in 6 years.

Methods
in this population-based observational study, we examined 2246 community-living dementia-free Chinese older adults with type 2 diabetes who attended the Elderly Health Centres in Hong Kong at baseline and followed their HbA1c level and cognitive status for 6 years. In line with the ADA recommendation, we defined the glycemic goal as HbA1c < 7.5%. The study outcome was incident dementia in 6 years, diagnosed according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) or Clinical Dementia Rating of 1–3.

Results
those with HbA1c ≥ 7.5% at baseline and HbA1c < 7.5% in 1 year were associated with higher rather than lower incidence of dementia, independent of severe hypoglycemia, glycemic variability and other health factors. Sensitivity analyses showed that a relative reduction of ≥10%, but not 5–10%, in HbA1c within a year was associated with higher incidence of dementia in those with high (≥8%) and moderate (6.5–7.9%) HbA1c at baseline.

Conclusion
a large reduction in HbA1c could be a potential predictor and possibly a risk factor for dementia in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Our findings suggest that optimizing or intensifying glycemic control in this population requires caution.
Central European polyploids of Sorbus subgenus Aria (Rosaceae) recurrently evolved from diploids of central and south-eastern Europe: evidence from microsatellite data
Authors: Feulner Martin , Weig Alfons , Voss Tobias , Schott Lea F , Aas Gregor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSorbus subgenus Aria in Europe consists of sexual diploid and predominantly apomictic polyploid taxa. Tetraploid taxa of Sorbus subgenus Aria, including S. danubialis and S. collina, are endemic to central Europe, but it is unclear from which taxa or populations they originated. South-eastern European taxa of subgenus Aria were suggested to have contributed to the tetraploids S. danubialis and S. collina by polyploidization or hybridization. Genetic microsatellite data, flow cytometry and multivariate morphometrics were used (1) to investigate the genetic relationship of the tetraploid taxa throughout Europe, (2) to disentangle the population structure of diploid S. aria from central and south-eastern Europe and (3) to use the resulting subgroups for estimating the parentage of polyploids. Parentage analyses revealed that the allele patterns of the polyploid central European taxa such as S. danubialis and S. collina and other as yet undescribed polyploids from south-western Germany could be explained in most cases by recurrent crosses between diploid S. aria from south-eastern and central Europe. These origins are discussed in the context of historical biogeography. Furthermore, we report the exceptional case of a polyploid subgenus Aria population from south-western Germany showing no clonal genetic structure at all, making its taxonomic treatment challenging.
Estimating normal rates of capacity utilisation and their tolerable ranges: a comment on Mark Setterfield
Authors: Botte Florian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Taking the potential instability of the Kaleckian model of growth as his starting point, M. Setterfield (‘Long-run variation in capacity utilisation in the presence of a fixed normal rate’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2018, doi:10.1093/cje/bey016) investigates, inter alia, the possibility of taming Harrodian instability. His investigation uses a range of tolerable values, rather than a unique value, for the normal rate of capacity utilisation. After illustrating his point theoretically, Setterfield then proposes empirical methods to estimate the normal capacity utilisation rate and the corresponding tolerance range. This paper suggests improved methods to estimate the normal rate of capacity utilisation and its tolerance range. The proposed alternative solutions offer better consistency with post-Keynesian behavioural theories, and the presented exploratory narrative based on these suggestions can partly explain the current stagnation.
In-hospital and 12-month follow-up outcome from the ESC-EORP EHRA Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Long-Term registry: sex differences
Authors: Grecu Mihaela , Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Kautzner Josef , Laroche Cecile , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Jordaens Luc , Tavazzi Luigi , Cihak Robert , Rubio Campal Jose Manuel , Kalarus Zbigniew , Pokushalov Evgeny , Brugada Josep , Dagres Nikolaos , Arbelo Elena ,   ESC-EORP EHRA Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Long-Term Registry investigators
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare sex differences of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (CA) and to analyse the opportunities for improved outcomes.Methods and resultsAll data were collected from the Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Long-Term registry, a prospective, multinational study conducted by the ESC-EORP European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) under the EURObservational Research Programme (ESC-EORP). A total of 104 centres in 27 European countries participated. Of 3593 included patients, 1146 (31.9%) were female. Female patients were older (61.0 vs. 56.4 years; P &lt; 0.001), had more comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and obesity), more episodes of arrhythmias per month (6.9 vs. 6.2; P &lt; 0.001), and a higher average EHRA score (2.6 vs. 2.4; P &lt; 0.001). The duration of the procedure was shorter in females (160.1 min vs. 167.9 min; P &lt; 0.001), irrespective of additional ablation lesions added to pulmonary vein isolation. Overall cardiovascular complications were more frequent in women than in men (5.7% vs. 3.4%; P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, cardiac perforations (3.8% vs. 1.3%; P = 0.011) and neurological complications (2.2% vs. 0.3%; P = 0.004) were found in females in less experienced centres than in experienced ones. On a final note, at 12 months, AF recurrence rate was similar in females and males (34.4% vs. 34.2%; P = 0.897), but more females were still on antiarrhythmic drugs (50.6% vs. 44.1%; P &lt; 0.001) when compared with men.ConclusionFemales underwent CA procedures for AF less frequently than males throughout Europe, despite more recurrent symptoms. With the same success rate, severe acute complications remained considerable in females, especially in less experienced centres.
‘The Age of Louis XIV’: Frederick the Great and French Ways of War*
Authors: Storring Adam L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article demonstrates that the military ideas of King Frederick the Great of Prussia up to the Seven Years War (1756–1763) were primarily inspired by France, and particularly by the towering figure of King Louis XIV. It examines the intellectual inspirations for Frederick’s military ideas, showing that French military influence reflected the strength of French cultural influence in the long eighteenth century and the importance of Louis XIV as a model for monarchical self-representation. Frederick’s famous personal command of his armies reflected the Enlightenment concept of the ‘great man’ (grand homme), but Frederick thereby sought primarily to outdo the Sun King, whom Voltaire had criticized for merely accompanying his armies while his generals won battles for him. The example of Frederick thus demonstrates that not only rulers but also enlightened philosophers often looked backwards toward older monarchical examples.
Frederick sought to create his own ‘Age of Louis XIV’ in the military sphere by imitating the great French generals of the Sun King. Frederick’s famous outflanking manoeuvres followed the example of famous French generals, reflecting the practice of the more mobile armies of the mid-seventeenth century. Frederick used French practice to justify his attacks with the bayonet, and his ‘short and lively’ wars reflected French strategic traditions. The evidence of French influence on Frederick seriously challenges concepts of a ‘German Way of War’, and indeed of supposed national ‘ways of war’ in general, emphasizing the need for a transnational approach to the history of military thought.
Antibiotic choice in UK general practice: rates and drivers of potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescribing
Authors: Nowakowska Magdalena , van Staa Tjeerd , Mölter Anna , Ashcroft Darren M , Tsang Jung Yin , White Andrew , Welfare William , Palin Victoria 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To identify the rates of potentially inappropriate antibiotic choice when prescribing for common infections in UK general practices. To examine the predictors of such prescribing and the clustering effects at the practice level.

Methods
The rates of potentially inappropriate antibiotic choice were estimated using 1 151 105 consultations for sinusitis, otitis media and externa, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and urinary tract infection (UTI), using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Multilevel logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of inappropriate prescribing and to quantify the clustering effect at practice level.

Results
The rates of potentially inappropriate prescriptions were highest for otitis externa (67.3%) and URTI (38.7%) and relatively low for otitis media (3.4%), sinusitis (2.2%), LRTI (1.5%) and UTI in adults (2.3%) and children (0.7%). Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for all respiratory tract infections, except URTI. Amoxicillin accounted for 62.3% of prescriptions for otitis externa and 34.5% of prescriptions for URTI, despite not being recommended for these conditions. A small proportion of the variation in the probability of an inappropriate choice was attributed to the clustering effect at practice level (8% for otitis externa and 23% for sinusitis). Patients with comorbidities were more likely to receive a potentially inappropriate antibiotic for URTI, LRTI and UTI in adults. Patients who received any antibiotic in the 12 months before consultation were more likely to receive a potentially inappropriate antibiotic for all conditions except otitis externa.

Conclusions
Antibiotic prescribing did not always align with prescribing guidelines, especially for URTIs and otitis externa. Future interventions might target optimizing amoxicillin use in primary care.
Psychiatric assessment
Authors: Semple David , Smyth Roger 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explains how to conduct a psychiatric assessment. Starting with the basics of a clinical interview, including how to arrange a room and take a history, specific observations to look out for in the patient are described in detail. Methods of asking questions about specific psychiatric problems are discussed, including how to broach difficult topics. The physical effects associated with psychiatric disorders are defined, and some common assessment instruments are also featured.
Schizophrenia and related psychoses
Authors: Semple David , Smyth Roger 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Covering schizophrenia and related psychoses, this chapter takes the reader through from historical views to diagnosis and differential diagnoses, as well as examination of a patient with psychotic symptoms, presentations, treatment, and management strategies. Also the chapter contains detailed tables of suitable drug choices and their associated indications and contraindications.