bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home level bureaucracy: moving beyond the ‘street’ to uncover the ways that place shapes the ways that community public health nurses implement domestic abuse policy
Authors: Cuthill Fiona , Johnston Lesley 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStreet‐level bureaucracy is an increasingly useful way to understand how strategic policy is implemented in day‐to‐day practice. This approach has uncovered the ways that individual health and social care practitioners work within institutional constraints to influence policy implementation at the micro‐level. Nonetheless, despite the diversity of settings where these street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) work, little attention has been focused on the impact of place on policy delivery. This paper draws on empirical research to examine the ways that delivering government domestic abuse policy in the intimate space of the family home shapes the delivery of strategic policy in the everyday. Drawing on qualitative research with Health Visitors (HVs) in the UK in 2016, the study findings illuminate the ways that the material, socio‐spatial and idealised boundaries of the family home shape the implementation of policy. Key themes in the HV's narratives emerged as they described themselves as both a danger and in danger in the family home. In challenging the ontological security of the home (Giddens 1990) – privacy, security and control are key concepts here – HVs described how they shape their actions to achieve policy outcomes while simultaneously managing threats to the home, to professional identity and to self.
Validity and reliability of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society Health Index in English‐speaking patients with axial spondyloarthritis in Singapore
Authors: Kwan Yu Heng , Aw Fang Fang , Fong Warren , Phang Jie Kie , Kiltz Uta , Lim Ka Keat , Chew Eng Hui , Lui Nai Lee , Tan Chuen Seng , Thumboo Julian , Østbye Truls , Leung Ying Ying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the validity and reliability of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society Health Index (ASAS HI) among patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Singapore.MethodsWe collected data from English‐speaking patients with axSpA seen at a dedicated axSpA clinic in a Singapore tertiary referral hospital from 2017 to 2018. Face validity of the English version of ASAS HI was assessed through cognitive debriefing interviews (CDIs). Structural validity was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent construct validity was assessed with 12 a priori hypotheses about the magnitude and direction of correlations between the ASAS HI summary score and other patient‐reported outcome measures. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test‐retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Measurement error was assessed by analyzing smallest detectable change (SDC).ResultsTen patients (age range 22‐46 years, 50% male) participated in CDIs and face validity was supported. Among 108 patients (median age: 37 [21‐77], 80.6% males), unidimensionality was confirmed (comparative fit index = 0.960, Tucker‐Lewis Index = 0.952, root mean square error of approximation = 0.038, standardized root mean residuals = 0.068, model Chi‐square test P = 0.1251) in the 17‐item ASAS HI. The ASAS HI showed good internal consistency of 0.83 and excellent test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.95; 95% CI 0.91‐0.98) when baseline was compared with week 2. SDC was 1.02. Convergent validity was supported as hypotheses were confirmed in 100% of the results.ConclusionsThis study supports the ASAS HI as a valid and reliable measure of health status for use in patients with axSpA in Singapore.
Delayed cord clamping was not associated with an increased risk of hyperbilirubinaemia on the day of birth or jaundice in the first 4 weeks
Authors: Rana Nisha , Ranneberg Linda Jarawka , Målqvist Mats , KC Ashish , Andersson Ola 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimOur aim was to investigate the effects of timing of cord clamping on the risk of hyperbilirubinaemia.MethodsWe recruited 540 normal vaginal deliveries at the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, from October 2 to November 21, 2014. They were randomised into two groups: 257/270 were cord clamped within 60 seconds and 209/270 after 180 seconds. Transcutaneous bilirubin was measured at discharge and 24 hours. At 4 weeks, 506 mothers were successfully contacted by phone, and the health status of the baby and their history of jaundice and treatment was recorded.ResultsBased on transcutaneous bilirubin at discharge, 22/261 (8.4%) in the early group and 25/263 (9.5%) in the delayed group (P = 0.76) were at high risk of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia. At the 4‐week follow‐up, jaundice was reported in 13/253 (5.1%) in the early and 17/253 (6.7%) in the delayed group (P = 0.57) and 3/253 (1.2 %) of the early and 1/253 (0.4%) of the delayed group (P = 0.62) received treatment. All analyses were based on intention‐to‐treat.ConclusionDelayed cord clamping was not associated with an increased risk of hyperbilirubinaemia during the first day of life or risk of jaundice within 4 weeks compared with the early group.
Echocardiographic evaluation of univentricular physiology and cavopulmonary shunts
Authors: Buber Jonathan , Schwaegler Rebecca Gibbons , Mazor Dray Efrat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince the surgical palliation of a univentricular congenital heart defect was first described in the early 1970s, thousands of lives were saved by this groundbreaking operation. Although initially described for the palliation of tricuspid valve atresia, the Fontan operation is now utilized for many other univentricular heart defects involving either hypoplastic right or left ventricles, and the number of babies who survive the surgery and the postsurgical hospitalization continues to grow. Echocardiography constitutes the mainstay follow‐up imaging modality for patients with a Fontan system. In order to obtain all the needed information from the echocardiographic studies, close familiarity with the native congenital heart defects, the build of the Fontan systems, and the potential long‐term complications is required. Detailed studies provide valuable information on the various components of the Fontan circulation such as the function of the single ventricle and the valves, flow in the Glenn and Fontan pathways, and possible sources of cyanosis and shunts. Three‐dimensional and transesophageal echocardiogram studies can assist in delineating the Fontan anatomy and to evaluate smaller intracardiac structures.
Falling behind and catching up: India's transition from a colonial economy
Authors: Gupta Bishnupriya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIndia fell behind during colonial rule. The absolute and relative decline of Indian GDP per capita with respect to Britain began before colonization and coincided with the rise of the textile trade with Europe. However, the fortunes of the traditional textile industry cannot explain the decline in the eighteenth century and stagnation in the nineteenth century as India integrated into the global economy of the British Empire. Inadequate investment in agriculture and consequent decline in yield per acre stalled economic growth. Modern industries emerged and grew relatively fast. The reversal began after independence. Policies of industrialization and a green revolution in agriculture increased productivity in agriculture and industry. However, India's growth in the closing decades of the twentieth century has been led by services. A concentration of human capital in the service sector has origins in colonial policy. Expenditure on education prioritized higher education, creating an advantage for the service sector. At the same time, the slow expansion of primary education lowered the accumulation of human capital and put India at a disadvantage in comparison with the fast‐growing economies of East Asia.
Transforming youth mental health care in a semi‐urban and rural region of Canada: A service description of ACCESS Open Minds Chatham‐Kent
Authors: Reaume‐Zimmer Paula , Chandrasena Ranjith , Malla Ashok , Joober Ridha , Boksa Patricia , Shah Jai L. , Iyer Srividya N. , Lal Shalini 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThis study describes how mental health services for youth are being transformed within the context of a semi‐urban and rural region of Canada (Chatham‐Kent, Ontario), based on the framework of ACCESS Open Minds (ACCESS OM), a pan‐Canadian youth mental health research and evaluation network.MethodsTransformation has focused on the five key objectives of ACCESS OM, namely early identification, rapid access, appropriate care, continuity of care, and youth and family engagement. A community mapping process was conducted at the beginning of the transformation to help develop a comprehensive inventory of services, identify challenges and optimize partnerships to address the five key objectives.ResultsThe following strategies represent key elements in the transformation: coordination and partnerships between hospital, community and voluntary organizations, as well as different sectors of the community (e.g., Child and Youth Services, Education, Community Safety and Correctional Services, CSCS); working with local champions (e.g., Youth Diversion Officer and the Mental Health and Addictions Nurse in the school sectors); establishing a youth‐friendly space in a central part of the community, where services are co‐located and operate within an open‐concept design; training of ACCESS Clinicians to conduct an initial assessment; engaging youth and family in service‐level recruitment, planning, daily operations, and evaluation, including hiring of youth and family peer navigators; and, engaging the community through awareness and educational events.ConclusionsThe success of this transformation needs to be measured on various outcome parameters, but it is notable that neighbouring communities are already beginning to implement a similar model.
A multicenter, matched case‐control analysis comparing burden‐of‐illness in Dravet syndrome to refractory epilepsy and seizure remission in patients and caregivers in Germany
Authors: Strzelczyk Adam , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Bast Thomas , Bettendorf Ulrich , Fiedler Barbara , Hamer Hajo M. , Herting Arne , Kalski Malin , Kay Lara , Kieslich Matthias , Klein Karl Martin , Kluger Gerhard , Kurlemann Gerhard , Mayer Thomas , Neubauer Bernd A. , Polster Tilman , von Spiczak Sarah , Stephani Ulrich , Trollmann Regina , Wiemer‐Kruel Adelheid , Wolff Markus , Irwin John , Carroll Joe , Pritchard Clive , Rosenow Felix 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare direct and indirect costs and quality of life (QoL) of pediatric and adult patients with Dravet syndrome (DS), with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) and in seizure remission (SR), and their caregivers, in Germany.MethodsQuestionnaire responses from 93 DS patients and their caregivers were matched by age and gender with responses from 93 DRE and 93 SR patients collected in independent studies, and were compared across main components of QoL, direct costs (patient visits, medication use, care level, medical equipment, and ancillary treatments), and indirect costs (quitting job, reduced working hours, missed days).ResultsMean total direct costs were highest for DS patients (€4864 [median €3564] vs €3049 [median €1506] for DRE [excluding outliers], P = 0.01; and €1007 [median €311], P < 0.001 for SR). Total lost productivity over 3 months was highest among caregivers of pediatric DS (€4757, median €2841), compared with those of DRE (€1541, P < 0.001; median €0) and SR patients (€891, P < 0.001; median €0). The proportions of caregivers in employment were similar across groups (62% DS, 63% DRE, and 63% SR) but DS caregivers were more likely to experience changes to their working situation, such as quitting their job (40% DS vs 16% DRE and 9% SR, P < 0.001 in both comparisons). KINDL scores were significantly lower for DS patients (62 vs 74 and 72, P < 0.001 in both comparisons), and lower than for the average German population (77). Pediatric caregiver EQ‐5D scores across all cohorts were comparable with population norms, but more DS caregivers experienced moderate to severe depressive symptoms (24% vs 11% and 5%). Mean Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II) score was significantly higher in DS caregivers than either of the other groups (P < 0.001).SignificanceThis first comparative study of Dravet syndrome to difficult‐to‐treat epilepsy and to epilepsy patients in seizure remission emphasizes the excess burden of DS in components of QoL and direct costs. The caregivers of DS patients have a greater impairment of their working lives (indirect costs) and increased depression symptoms.
Dissolution kinetics of calcined kaolinite and montmorillonite in alkaline conditions: Evidence for reactive Al(V) sites
Authors: Garg Nishant , Skibsted Jørgen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCalcined clays are attracting significant research attention because of their potential to partially replace CO2‐intensive portland cement. This potential depends largely on their reactivity, especially dissolution under alkaline conditions. Identification and characterization of reactive sites in these amorphous calcined clays has so far not been reported. Here, we investigate kaolinite (1:1 clay) and montmorillonite (2:1 clay) calcined at different temperatures under alkaline conditions (0.1 mol/L NaOH). Solution compositions are determined in batch dissolution experiments, whereas 27Al and 29Si MAS and CP/MAS NMR are used to investigate the structure of the undissolved residues to identify sites that are reactive and undergo preferential dissolution. The highest Si and Al dissolution rates for kaolinite are observed for calcination at 700°C, corresponding to the temperature of optimum reactivity, whereas the rates decrease and become increasingly incongruent at higher temperatures. The Si and Al dissolution rates for optimally calcined kaolinite are 4 and 12 times larger than the corresponding rates for optimally calcined montmorillonite, in accord with the much higher reactivity of calcined kaolinite compared to calcined 2:1 clays. This superior performance of kaolinite is explained by novel 27Al NMR results, which show strong evidence for preferential dissolution of highly reactive pentahedral aluminum sites.
Relationships among psychological capital, creative tendency, and job burnout among Chinese nurses
Authors: Li Yuli , Wu Qiong , Li Yan , Chen Lijun , Wang Xiuli 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate relationships among psychological capital, creative tendency, and job burnout among Chinese nurses.BackgroundNurses are particularly susceptible to job burnout and kinds of factors related to their burnout. However, limited studies focus on the relationships among nurses' psychological capital, creative tendency, and job burnout in China.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsA convenience sample of 200 female nurses was recruited from a grade A tertiary hospital in Shandong province from December 2016–January 2017. Data were collected using self‐reported questionnaires, including the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey, Creativity Assessment Packet, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and the socio‐demographic questionnaire.ResultsNurses' psychological capital and creative tendency was negatively related to job burnout and psychological capital was positively related to creative tendency. Moreover, creative tendency partially mediated the relationship between psychological capital and job burnout.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at strengthening nurses' creative tendencies and psychological capital could reduce the occurrence of job burnout.ImpactThis study identified the psychological capital and creative tendency affecting job burnout among Chinese nurses. The psychological capital and creative tendency was negatively related to job burnout; creative tendency partially mediated the relationship between psychological capital and job burnout among Chinese nurses. Nurses should pay attention to their own creative personality and take the advantage of it to release job burnout. Nurse managers are called on to strengthen nurses' psychological capital and creativity in this study by designing effective strategies for preventing job burnout among nurses.
Arrhythmias and fasciculoventricular pathways in patients with Danon disease: A single center experience
Authors: Jhaveri Simone , Herber Joshua , Zahka Kenneth , Boyle Gerard J. , Saarel Elizabeth V. , Aziz Peter F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDanon disease is a rare X‐linked storage disorder characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy leading to arrhythmias and heart failure. A preexcitation pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG) has been described in these patients, however, invasive studies to distinguish between Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome syndrome and fasciculoventricular pathways (FVP) are limited.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to delineate the electrophysiological cardiac abnormalities in patients with Danon disease and to describe the presence of FVP in this population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Danon disease presenting to a single center from May 2005 to May 2018. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, ECG findings, and electrophysiology study (EPS) results were collected.ResultsTen patients with Danon disease (30% male, average age 17.4 years) were identified. Seven patients (70%) had tachyarrhythmias including five with atrial arrhythmias and six with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Preexcitation pattern on ECG was found in four (40%) patients. Of these, two underwent an EPS which confirmed the presence of an FVP. One patient underwent an adenosine challenge which supported a FVP. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator was placed in five patients for primary prevention with no patients receiving an appropriate discharge. Over a follow‐up of 5.3 years, five underwent heart transplantation.ConclusionsThis study reports a high incidence of FVP in patients with Danon disease and preexcitation. It underscores an alternate etiology of preexcitation in this population which can potentially be diagnosed without invasive EPS testing. Future multicenter studies are needed to expand this experience.
Management of acute cardiac tamponade by direct autologous blood transfusion in interventional electrophysiology
Authors: Beyls Christophe , Hermida Alexis , Duchateau Josselin , Maury Philippe , Taieb Jérôme , Laurent Gabriel , Kubala Maciej , Ben Amar Amar , Sacher Frederic , Jais Pierre , Hermida Jean‐Sylvain 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsAcute cardiac tamponade (ACT) is the most common life‐threatening complication of interventional electrophysiology. Urgent drainage by percutaneous pericardiocentesis and anticoagulation reversal are required. Immediate direct transfusion of the blood volume aspirated from the pericardial space to the patient has been rarely described. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of immediate direct autologous blood transfusion (AutoBT).MethodsA retrospective case series of direct AutoBT performed for ACT was collected. Urgent drainage by percutaneous pericardiocentesis and immediate direct AutoBT were performed to achieve hemodynamic stabilization without a cell‐saver system.ResultsTwenty‐two electrophysiology centers were contacted to participate in the case series. Fourteen centers reported not to use direct AutoBT. Three centers reported using direct AutoBT with the cell‐saver system. Fourteen cases of immediate direct AutoBT without cell‐saver system were included from the five remaining centers. Electrophysiological procedures were performed for ventricular tachycardia (n = 5), atrial fibrillation (n = 5), atrial tachycardia (n = 2), left accessory pathway (n = 1), and premature ventricular contraction (n = 1) with transseptal (n = 9), retroaortic (n = 4), and/or epicardial access (n = 4). Pericardial drainage was performed by percutaneous pericardiocentesis for 13 patients and via the transseptal sheath for one patient. Surgical hemostasis was required for seven patients. The mean volume of autologous blood directly transfused was 1207 ± 963 mL. Direct AutoBT permitted to resume the procedure in four patients. No major complication related to the use of AutoBT occurred.ConclusionDirect AutoBT without a cell‐saver system is a feasible, safe, and useful technique for salvage therapy in ACT in interventional electrophysiology.
Acellular dermal matrix and coronally advanced flap or tunnel technique in the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions. A 12‐year follow‐up from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Modarressi Marmar , Cairo Francesco , Rasperini Giulio , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the long‐term outcomes of Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM) with Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) or Tunnel technique (TUN) in the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions (MAGRs).Material and methodsNineteen of the original 24 patients contributing to a total number of 33 sites for CAF and 34 for TUN were available for the 12 years follow‐up examination. Recession depth, mean root coverage (mRC), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival thickness (GT) were evaluated and compared with baseline values and 6‐months results. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors related to the stability of the gingival margin.ResultsA highly significant drop in mRC was observed for both groups from the 6 months timepoint to the 12 years recall (p < .001). While there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), KTW, GT changes and Root Coverage Esthetic Score at each timepoint (p > .05). KTW ≥ 2 mm and GT ≥ 1.2 mm at 6‐months were two predictors for stability of the gingival margin (p = .03 and p = .01, respectively).ConclusionsA significant relapse of the gingival margin of MAGRs treated with CAF or TUN + ADM was observed after 12 years.
Association between waist circumference and risk of colorectal neoplasia in normal‐weight adults
Authors: Jung Yoon Suk , Kim Nam Hee , Yang Hyo‐Joon , Park Soo‐Kyung , Park Jung Ho , Park Dong Il , Sohn Chong Il 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAbdominal obesity, measured using waist circumference (WC), is associated with the colorectal neoplasia (CRN) risk. We examined whether WC is associated with the CRN risk even in normal‐weight individuals.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed on asymptomatic normal‐weight (body mass index 18.5–23 kg/m2) individuals who underwent colonoscopy as health checkups.ResultsOf 63 057 examinees, 30 498 were men (mean age, 41.1 years) and 32 559 were women (mean age, 41.7 years). The prevalence of overall CRN in WC quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 14.2%, 15.5%, 15.5%, and 18.7%, respectively, in men and 7.4%, 8.9%, 9.4%, and 11.5%, respectively, in women. The prevalence of advanced CRN (ACRN) in WC quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 1.5%, 1.3%, 1.6%, and 2.1%, respectively, in men and 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.2%, and 1.3%, respectively, in women. Among men, the overall CRN risk in quartile 4 (> 82 cm) was higher than that in quartiles 1, 2, and 3 (adjusted odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI], 1.22 [1.11–1.34], 1.12 [1.05–1.23], and 1.18 [1.07–1.29], respectively); the ACRN risk in quartile 4 was also higher than that in quartiles 1, 2, and 3 (adjusted OR [95% CI], 1.41 [1.09–1.81], 1.56 [1.19–2.03], and 1.50 [1.16–1.94], respectively). Among women, the overall CRN risk in quartile 4 (> 77 cm) was higher than that in quartiles 1 and 3; the ACRN risk was not different among all groups.ConclusionsEven with a normal weight, a large WC was associated with the CRN risk, especially with the ACRN risk in men.