bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charting shared developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and structural connectivity in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Ball G. , Beare R. , Seal M. L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cortex is organised into broadly hierarchical functional systems with distinct neuroanatomical characteristics reflected by macroscopic measures of cortical morphology. Diffusion-weighted MRI allows the delineation of areal connectivity, changes to which reflect the ongoing maturation of white matter tracts. These developmental processes are intrinsically linked with timing coincident with the development of cognitive function.In this study, we use a data-driven multivariate approach, non-negative matrix factorisation, to define cortical regions that co-vary together across a large paediatric cohort (n=456) and are associated with specific subnetworks of cortical connectivity.We find that age between 3 and 21 years is associated with accelerated cortical thinning in fronto-parietal regions, whereas relative thinning of primary motor and sensory regions is slower. Together, the subject-specific weights of the derived set of components can be combined to predict chronological age. Structural connectivity networks reveal a relative increase in strength in connection within, as opposed to between hemispheres that vary in line with cortical changes. We confirm our findings in an independent sample.
The ER membrane protein complex is required to ensure correct topology and stable expression of flavivirus polyproteins
Authors: Ngo Ashley M , Shurtleff Matthew J , Popova Katerina D , Kulsuptrakul Jessie , Weissman Jonathan S , Puschnik Andreas S 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFlaviviruses translate their genomes as multi-pass transmembrane proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Here, we show that the ER membrane protein complex (EMC) is indispensable for the expression of viral polyproteins. We demonstrated that EMC was essential for accurate folding and post-translational stability rather than translation efficiency. Specifically, we revealed degradation of NS4A-NS4B, a region rich in transmembrane domains, in absence of EMC. Orthogonally, by serial passaging of virus on EMC-deficient cells, we identified two non-synonymous point mutations in NS4A and NS4B, which rescued viral replication. Finally, we showed a physical interaction between EMC and viral NS4B and that the NS4A-4B region adopts an aberrant topology in the absence of the EMC leading to degradation. Together, our data highlight how flaviviruses hijack the EMC for transmembrane protein biogenesis to achieve optimal expression of their polyproteins, which reinforces a role for the EMC in stabilizing challenging transmembrane proteins during synthesis.
COI metabarcoding primer choice affects richness and recovery of indicator taxa in freshwater systems
Authors: Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Porter Teresita M. , Wright Michael , Rudar Josip 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDNA-based biodiversity analysis has gained major attention due to the use of high throughput sequencing technology in approaches such as mixed community or environmental DNA metabarcoding. Many cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) primer sets are now available for such work. The purpose of this study is to look at how COI primer choice affects the recovery of arthropod richness, beta diversity, and recovery of site indicator taxa in benthos kick-net samples typically used in freshwater biomonitoring. We examine 6 commonly used COI primer sets, on samples collected from 6 freshwater sites. Richness is sensitive to primer choice and the combined use of additional multiple COI amplicons recovers higher richness. Thus, to recover maximum richness, multiple primer sets should be used with COI metabarcoding. Samples consistently cluster by site regardless of amplicon choice or PCR replicate. Thus, for broadscale community analyses, overall beta diversity patterns are robust to COI marker choice. Additionally, the recovery of traditional freshwater bioindicator assemblages such as Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plectoptera, and Diptera may not fully capture the diversity of broadscale arthropod site indicators that can be recovered from COI metabarcoding. Based on these results, studies that use different COI amplicons may not be directly comparable. This work will help future biodiversity and biomonitoring studies develop not just standardized, but optimized workflows that maximize taxon-detection or order taxa along gradients.
Prevalence and risk factors profile of seropositiveToxoplasmosis gondiiinfection among apparently immunocompetent Sudanese women
Authors: Mustafa Madinna , Fathy Fatima , Mirghani Abubaker , Mohamed Mona A. , Muneer Mohamed S. , Ahmed Abdallah E. , Ali Mohamed Siralkhatim , Omer Rihab A. , Siddig Emmanuel E. , Mohamed Nouh S. , Abd Elkareem Amjed M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesToxoplasma gondiiis an opportunistic parasite that cause a clinical manifestation known as toxoplasmosis. We investigated the prevalence and potential risk factors ofT. gondiiinfection among women in Khartoum, Sudan. A sero-parasitological cross-sectional study included 100 women aging between 15-50 years old was conducted in Khartoum, Sudan between January – November 2018. Serum samples were collected and investigated for presence of anti-T. gondiiimmunoglobulins.ResultsMean age of the women population included was 26.75±8.25 with a range between 15 and 50 years. Sero-prevalence ofT. gondiiantibodies was 27% (27/100) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 18.6 – 36.8%. Among seropositive population 81% (22/27), 15% (4/27) and 4% (1/27) were seropositive for IgG antibodies, IgM antibodies and both antibodies respectively. Age group 21-30 years old had the highest frequency of detected IgG (10/45) and IgM (3/45). Married women had the highest frequency of detected IgG or IgM, 18/79 and 3/79, respectively. Risk factors analysis showed a total of 37/100 participants were having direct contact with cats and 66/100 have a frequent raw meat consumption, neither direct cats contact nor raw meat consumption had statistically significant association with seropositivity to T. gondii (P. value =0.052 and 0.565, respectively).
Sensitivity of Olfactory Sensory Neurons to food cues is tuned to nutritional states by Neuropeptide Y signalling
Authors: Kaniganti Tarun , Deogade Ajinkya , Maduskar Aditi , Mukherjee Arghya , Guru Akash , Subhedar Nishikant , Ghose Aurnab 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundModulation of sensory perception by homeostatic feedback from physiological states is central to innate purposive behaviours. Olfaction is an important predictive modality for feeding-related behaviours and its modulation has been associated with hunger-satiety states. However, the mechanisms mapping internal states to chemosensory processing in order to modify behaviour are poorly understood.ResultsIn the zebrafish olfactory epithelium, a subset of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and the terminal nerve projections express neuropeptide Y (NPY). We find that NPY signalling in the peripheral olfactory system of zebrafish is correlated with its nutritional state and is both necessary and sufficient for the olfactory perception of food related odorants. NPY activity dynamically modulates the microvillar OSN activation thresholds and acts cooperatively with amino acid signalling resulting in a switch-like increase in OSN sensitivity in starved animals. We suggest that cooperative activation of phospholipase C by convergent signalling from NPY and amino acid receptors is central to this heightened sensitivity.ConclusionsThis study provides ethologically relevant, physiological evidence for NPY signalling in peripheral modulation of OSN sensitivity to food-associated amino acid cues. We demonstrate sensory gating directly at the level of OSNs and identify a novel mechanistic framework for tuning olfactory sensitivity to prevailing energy states.
Neuropeptide B mediates female sexual receptivity in medaka fish, acting in a female-specific but reversible manner
Authors: Hiraki-Kajiyama Towako , Yamashita Junpei , Yokoyama Keiko , Hosono Kohei , Kawabata-Sakata Yukika , Kikuchi Yukiko , Miyazoe Daichi , Ansai Satoshi , Kinoshita Masato , Nagahama Yoshitaka , Okubo Kataaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMale and female animals display innate sex-specific mating behaviors. Among vertebrates, teleosts are unique in that altering the adult sex steroid milieu can reverse sex-typical mating behaviors, suggesting sexual lability of their brains. In the teleost medaka, neuropeptide B (NPB) is expressed female-specifically in the brain nuclei implicated in mating behavior. Here, we demonstrate that NPB is a direct mediator of estrogen action on female mating behavior, acting in a female-specific but reversible manner. Analysis of regulatory mechanisms revealed that the female-specific expression of NPB is dependent on direct transcriptional activation by estrogen via an estrogen-responsive element and is reversed in response to changes in the adult sex steroid milieu. Behavioral studies of NPB knockouts revealed that female-specific NBP mediates female receptivity to male courtship. The female-specific NPB signaling identified herein is presumably a critical element of the neural circuitry underlying sexual dimorphism and lability of mating behaviors in teleosts.
Spreading of molecular mechanical perturbations on linear filaments
Authors: Balassy Zsombor , Lauzon Anne-Marie , Hilbert Lennart 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGlobal changes in the state of spatially distributed systems can often be traced back to events resulting from local interactions. Whether the results of local interactions grow into global changes, however, depends (i) on the system geometry and (ii) the spatial spreading of the outcomes of local interactions. Here, we investigate how different spreading behaviors of local events determine their global impact in one-dimensional systems of different size. In particular, we combinein vitroexperiments where groups of myosin motors propel actin filaments, single-molecule resolution simulations of thesein vitroexperiments, and an abstracted spin chain model. All three approaches lead to the same two conclusions. First, local events that become long-term stable only after they have spread to full system size have more impact in smaller systems. Second, local events that are relatively stable upon initial occurrence and then spread to full system size have more impact in larger systems. Our work provides highly specific predictions for future experiments that resolve actin-myosin-crosslinker interactions along actin filaments. Also, the conclusions from our work should generally apply to local-to-global spreading in finite, one-dimensional geometries.Significance StatementWe address the fundamental question of how results of local interactions spread in one-dimensional systems of different size. To this end, we reconstituted the molecular contractile machinery of muscle, which is organized around linear actin filaments of different length and drives their forward sliding. In addition, we use detailed simulations that follow the mechanically interacting molecules individually. Lastly, we used a more abstract theoretical physics model, which transfers our results to all systems with one-dimensional geometry and local interactions. All three approaches give the same results: local interactions that persist only once they cover the whole system affect smaller systems more strongly; local interactions that are relatively stable even before spreading affect larger systems more strongly.
Neural basis of approximate number system develops independent of visual experience
Authors: Kanjlia Shipra , Feigenson Lisa , Bedny Marina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThinking about numerical quantities is an integral part of daily human life that is supported by the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The IPS is recruited during mathematical calculation and neuronal populations within the IPS code for the quantity of items in a set. Is the developmental basis of IPS number representations rooted in visual experience? We asked if the IPS possesses population codes for auditory quantities in sighted individuals and, critically, whether it does in the absence of any visual experience in congenitally blind individuals. We found that sequences of 4, 8, 16 and 32 tones each elicited unique patterns of fMRI activity in the IPS of both sighted and congenitally blind individuals, such that the quantity a participant heard on a given trial could be reliably predicted based on the pattern of observed IPS activity. This finding suggests that the IPS number system is resilient to dramatic changes in sensory experience.
Cortical surface architecture endophenotype and correlates of clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Yamagata Bun , Itahashi Takashi , Fujino Junya , Ohta Haruhisa , Takashio Osamu , Nakamura Motoaki , Kato Nobumasa , Mimura Masaru , Hashimoto Ryu-ichiro , Aoki Yuta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimPrior structural MRI studies demonstrated atypical gray matter characteristics in siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, they did not clarify which aspect of gray matter presents the endophenotype. Further, because they did not enroll siblings of TD people, they underestimated the difference between individuals with ASD and their unaffected siblings. The current study aimed to solve these questions.MethodsWe recruited 30 pairs of adult male siblings (15 of them have an ASD endophenotype, other 15 pairs not) and focused on four gray matter parameters: cortical volume and three surface-based parameters (cortical thickness, fractal dimension, and sulcal depth [SD]). First, we sought to identify a pattern of an ASD endophenotype, comparing the four parameters. Then, we compared individuals with ASD and their unaffected siblings in the cortical parameters to identify neural correlates for the clinical diagnosis accounting for the difference between TD siblings.ResultsA sparse logistic regression with a leave-one-pair-out cross-validation showed the highest accuracy for the identification of an ASD endophenotype (73.3%) with the SD compared with the other three parameters. A bootstrapping analysis accounting for the difference in the SD between TD siblings showed a significantly large difference between individuals with ASD and their unaffected siblings in six out of 68 regions-of-interest accounting for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsThis proof-of-concept study suggests that an ASD endophenotype emerges in SD and that neural correlates for the clinical diagnosis can be dissociated from the endophenotype when we accounted for the difference between TD siblings. (248/250 words)
Toxoplasmacontrols host cyclin E expression through the use of a novel MYR1-dependent effector protein, HCE1
Authors: Panas Michael W. , Naor Adit , Cygan Alicja M. , Boothroyd John C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractToxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite that establishes a favorable environment in the host cells in which it replicates. We have previously reported that it uses MYR-dependent translocation of dense granule proteins to elicit a key set of host responses related to the cell cycle, specifically E2F transcription factor targets including cyclin E. We report here the identification of a novelToxoplasmaeffector protein that is exported from the parasitophorous vacuole in a MYR1-dependent manner and localizes to the host’s nucleus. Parasites lacking this inducer ofHostCyclinE(HCE1) are unable to modulate E2F transcription factor target genes and exhibit a substantial growth defect. Immunoprecipitation of HCE1 from infected host cells shows that HCE1 efficiently binds elements of the cyclin E regulatory complex, DP1 and its partners E2F3 and E2F4. Expression of HCE1 inNeospora caninum, or in uninfected HFFs, shows localization of the expressed protein to the host nuclei and strong cyclin E up-regulation. Thus, HCE1 is a novel effector protein that is necessary and sufficient to impact the E2F-axis of transcription resulting in co-opting of host functions toToxoplasma’sadvantage.
Proteome of the secondary plastid of Euglena gracilis reveals metabolic quirks and colourful history
Authors: Novák Vanclová Anna M. G. , Zoltner Martin , Kelly Steven , Soukal Petr , Záhonová Kristína , Füssy Zoltán , Ebenezer ThankGod E. , Dobáková Eva Lacová , Eliáš Marek , Lukeš Julius , Field Mark C. , Hampl Vladimír 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEuglena gracilis is a well-studied biotechnologically exploitable phototrophic flagellate harbouring secondary green plastids. Here we describe its plastid proteome obtained by high-resolution proteomics. We identified 1,345 candidate plastid proteins and assigned functional annotations to 774 of them. More than 120 proteins are affiliated neither to the host lineage nor the plastid ancestor and may represent horizontal acquisitions from various algal and prokaryotic groups. Reconstruction of plastid metabolism confirms both the presence of previously studied/predicted enzymes/pathways and also provides direct evidence for unusual features of its metabolism including uncoupling of carotenoid and phytol metabolism, a limited role in amino acid metabolism and the presence of two sets of the SUF pathway for FeS cluster assembly. Most significantly, one of these was acquired by lateral gene transfer (LGT) from the chlamydiae. Plastidial paralogs of membrane trafficking-associated proteins likely mediating a poorly understood fusion of transport vesicles with the outermost plastid membrane were identified, as well as derlin-related proteins that potentially act as protein translocases of the middle membrane, supporting an extremely simplified TIC complex. The proposed innovations may be also linked to specific features of the transit peptide-like regions described here. Hence the Euglena plastid is demonstrated to be a product of several genomes and to combine novel and conserved metabolism and transport processes.
Interruptions in online training and their effects on learning
Authors: Federman Jessica E. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the types of interruptions learners experience during online training and their effects on learning.

Design/methodology/approach
An internet-based survey was distributed to individuals who experienced interruptions during e-learning to uncover common characteristics. A conceptual framework relating interruption characteristics to self-regulatory facets of learning is discussed.

Findings
The study reveals that e-learners experience computer malfunctions, supervisors and family/friends as common sources of interruptions. The survey also reveals that interruptions are occasionally self-generated.

Originality/value
This paper synthesizes the interruption and self-regulated learning literatures and provides a framework for understanding how interruptions affect online learning. This framework can be used by practitioners and scholars for future research and testing interrupted e-learning.
What do we know about maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity audits in sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping literature review
Authors: Lusambili Adelaide , Jepkosgei Joyline , Nzinga Jacinta , English Mike 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a situational overview of the facility-based maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality audits (MPMMAs) in SSA, their current efficacy at reducing mortality and morbidity rates related to childbirth.Design/methodology/approachThis is a scoping literature review based on the synthesis of secondary literature.FindingsNot all countries in SSA conduct MPMMAs. Countries where MPMMAs are conducted have not instituted standard practice, MPMMAs are not done on a national scale, and there is no clear best practice for MPMMAs. In addition, auditing process of pediatrics and maternal deaths is flawed by human and organizational barriers. Thus, the aggregated data collected from MPMMAs are not adequate enough to identify and correct systemic flaws in SSA childbirth-related health care.Research limitations/implicationsThere are a few published literature on the topic in sub-Saharan Africa.Practical implicationsThis review exposes serious gaps in literature and practice. It provides a platform upon which practitioners and policy makers must begin to discuss ways of embedding mortality audits in SSA in their health systems as well as health strategies.Social implicationsThe findings of this paper can inform policy in sub-Saharan Africa that could lead toward better outcomes in health and well-being.Originality/valueThe paper is original.
Driving individuals’ citizenship behaviors in virtual communities through attachment
Authors: Chiu Chao-Min , Huang Hsin-Yi , Cheng Hsiang-Lan , Hsu Jack Shih-Chieh 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the complex relationships between common bond attachment, common identity attachment, self-esteem and virtual community citizenship behavior (VCCB). This study identifies two broad categories of VCCB: citizenship behaviors directed toward benefitting other individuals (VCCBI) and citizenship behaviors directed toward benefitting the virtual community (VCCBC).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses, using a sample of 388 valid responses.

Findings
The results indicate that common bond attachment and common identity attachment have a significant effect on self-esteem, which, in turn, has a significant effect on VCCBI and VCCBC. The results also indicate that common bond attachment has a significant effect on VCCBI, and that common identity attachment has a significant effect on VCCBC.

Originality/value
This study contributes to a better understanding of VCCBs through common identity and common-bond theory, social identity theory and the stimulus-organism-response framework.
Customer involvement and NPD cost performance: the moderating role of product innovation novelty
Authors: Li Yi , Li Gang , Feng Taiwen , Xu Jinpeng 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influence of product innovation novelty on the relationship between customer involvement and new product development (NPD) cost performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use organizational information processing theory and adopt hierarchical regression and slope difference test to assess the relationships between constructs and test the hypotheses.FindingsThe authors evaluate the concept of product innovation novelty from the perspectives of suppliers and customers and infer that these two types of product innovation novelty exert a moderate effect on the relationship between customer involvement and NPD cost performance. First, product innovation novelty for customers strengthens the positive effects of customer involvement on the NPD cost performance. Second, product innovation novelty for suppliers weakens the positive impact of customer involvement on the NPD cost performance. The authors also find that the interaction between product innovation novelty for suppliers and product innovation novelty for customers weakens the positive impact of customer involvement on NPD cost performance.Originality/valueThe findings of this study explain the reasons for the controversies surrounding the impact of customer involvement on cost performance and discuss the role of product innovation novelty in customer involvement in NPD process. The results of this study can be used to establish whether customer involvement improves or weakens NPD cost performance and identify the role of product innovation novelty in NPD. The conclusions derived from this study can provide theoretical knowledge and managerial insights for both academicians and corporate professionals.