bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Prodrugs by NIR‐Triggered Release of Exogenous Enzymes for Locoregional Chemo‐photothermal Therapy
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhang Fengrong , Wang Shunhao , Pan Xueting , Han Sichong , Liu Shuang , Ma Junjie , Wang Hongyu , Shen Heyun , Liu Huiyu , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnzymes have been used to direct the conversion of prodrugs in cancer therapy. However, non‐specific distribution of endogenous enzymes seriously hinders their bioapplications. Herein, we developed a near‐infrared‐triggered locoregional chemo‐photothermal therapy based on the exogenous enzyme delivery and remolded tumor mivroenvironment. The catalytic efficiency of enzymes was enhanced by the hyperthermia, and the therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) was improved owing to the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 by chemotherapeutics. The locoregional chemo‐phototherapy achieved a one‐time successful cure in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice model. Thus, a mutually reinforcing feedback loop between PTT and chemotherapy can be initiated by the irradiation, which holds a promising future in cancer therapy.
Diaminodicyanochinone – Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe mit hohem Dipolmoment und Elektronenakzeptor‐Eigenschaften
Authors: Rietsch Philipp , Witte Felix , Sobottka Sebastian , Germer Gregor , Krappe Alexander , Güttler Arne , Sarkar Biprajit , Paulus Beate , Resch‐Genger Ute , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluoreszenzfarbstoffe werden in verschiedenen Forschungsbereichen eingesetzt, darunter Solarzellen, lichtemittierende Dioden, Reporter für Assays oder Bioimaging‐Studien. Ein zusätzliches hohes Dipolmoment ebnet den Weg zu nichtlinearer Optik und Polaritätsempfindlichkeit. Die Redoxaktivität ermöglicht es zudem, photophysikalische Eigenschaften der Moleküle zu verändern. Diaminodicyanochinon‐Derivate besitzen hohe Dipolmomente, aber nur geringe Fluoreszenzquantenausbeuten und galten daher bislang nicht als Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe. Wir untersuchen in dieser Arbeit die Fluoreszenzeigenschaften von Diaminodicyanochinonen mit einem kombiniert theoretisch‐experimentellen Ansatz und leiten Moleküle mit einer Fluoreszenz‐Quantenausbeute von über 90 % ab. Die Diaminodicyanochinon‐Einheit bietet chemische Vielseitigkeit und kann in neuartige molekulare Architekturen mit einzigartigen photophysikalischen Eigenschaften integriert werden.
Aurophilic Interactions in the Self‐Assembly of Gold Nanoclusters into Nanoribbons with Enhanced Luminescence
Authors: Wu Zhennan , Du Yonghua , Liu Jiale , Yao Qiaofeng , Chen Tiankai , Cao Yitao , Zhang Hao , Xie Jianping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAurophilic interactions (AuI⋅⋅⋅AuI) are crucial in directing the supramolecular self‐assembly of many gold(I) compounds; however, this intriguing chemistry has been rarely explored for the self‐assembly of nanoscale building blocks. Herein, we report on studies on aurophilic interactions in the structure‐directed self‐assembly of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles or nanoclusters (NCs, <2 nm) using [Au25(SR)18]− (SR=thiolate ligand) as a model cluster. The self‐assembly of NCs is initiated by surface‐motif reconstruction of [Au25(SR)18]− from short SR‐[AuI‐SR]2 units to long SR‐[AuI‐SR]x (x>2) staples accompanied by structure modification of the intrinsic Au13 kernel. Such motif reconstruction increases the content of AuI species in the protecting shell of Au NCs, providing the structural basis for directed aurophilic interactions, which promote the self‐assembly of Au NCs into well‐defined nanoribbons in solution. More interestingly, the compact structure and effective aurophilic interactions in the nanoribbons significantly enhance the luminescence intensity of Au NCs with an absolute quantum yield of 6.2 % at room temperature.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed N‐Allylation of Indoles and Related Azoles with Racemic Branched Alkyl‐Substituted Allylic Acetates
Authors: Kim Seung Wook , Schempp Tabitha T. , Zbieg Jason R. , Stivala Craig E. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCyclometallated π‐allyliridium C,O‐benzoates modified with (S)‐tol‐BINAP, which are stable to air, water, and SiO2, catalyze highly enantioselective N‐allylations of indoles and related azoles. This reaction complements previously reported metal‐catalyzed indole allylations in that complete levels of N versus C3 and branched versus linear regioselectivity are observed.
Diaminodicyanoquinones: Fluorescent Dyes with High Dipole Moments and Electron‐Acceptor Properties
Authors: Rietsch Philipp , Witte Felix , Sobottka Sebastian , Germer Gregor , Krappe Alexander , Güttler Arne , Sarkar Biprajit , Paulus Beate , Resch‐Genger Ute , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluorescent dyes are applied in various fields of research, including solar cells and light‐emitting devices, and as reporters for assays and bioimaging studies. Fluorescent dyes with an added high dipole moment pave the way to nonlinear optics and polarity sensitivity. Redox activity makes it possible to switch the molecule's photophysical properties. Diaminodicyanoquinone derivatives possess high dipole moments, yet only low fluorescence quantum yields, and have therefore been neglected as fluorescent dyes. Here we investigate the fluorescence properties of diaminodicyanoquinones using a combined theoretical and experimental approach and derive molecules with a fluorescence quantum yield exceeding 90 %. The diaminodicyanoquinone core moiety provides chemical versatility and can be integrated into novel molecular architectures with unique photophysical features.
Continuous Zeolite MFI Membranes Fabricated from 2D MFI Nanosheets on Ceramic Hollow Fibers
Authors: Min Byunghyun , Yang Shaowei , Korde Akshay , Kwon Yeon Hye , Jones Christopher W. , Nair Sankar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality 2D MFI nanosheet coatings were prepared on α‐alumina hollow fiber supports by vacuum filtration and then transformed into molecular sieving membranes by two sequential hydrothermal treatments. This processing method eliminates the need for specially engineered silica‐based support materials that have so far been necessary to allow the formation of functional membranes from 2D MFI nanosheets. The sequential steps enhance adhesion of the membrane on the fiber support, fill in nanoscale gaps between the 2D nanosheets, and preserve the desirable (0k0) out‐of‐plane orientation without the need of any support engineering or modification. The membrane exhibits high performance for separation of n‐butane from i‐butane, and for other technologically important hydrocarbon separations. The present findings have strong implications on strategies for obtaining thin, highly selective zeolite membranes from 2D zeolites in a technologically scalable manner.
Transformation of a [4+6] Salicylbisimine Cage to Chemically Robust Amide Cages
Authors: Bhat Avinash S. , Elbert Sven M. , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Rominger Frank , Dieckmann Michael , Schröder Rasmus R. , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn recent years, interest in shape‐persistent organic cage compounds has steadily increased, not least because dynamic covalent bond formation enables such structures to be made in high to excellent yields. One often used type of dynamic bond formation is the generation of an imine bond from an aldehyde and an amine. Although the reversibility of the imine bond formation is advantageous for high yields, it is disadvantageous for the chemical stability of the compounds. Amide bonds are, in contrast to imine bonds much more robust. Shape‐persistent amide cages have so far been made by irreversible amide bond formations in multiple steps, very often accompanied by low yields. Here, we present an approach to shape‐persistent amide cages by exploiting a high‐yielding reversible cage formation in the first step, and a Pinnick oxidation as a key step to access the amide cages in just three steps. These chemically robust amide cages can be further transformed by bromination or nitration to allow post‐functionalization in high yields. The impact of the substituents on the gas sorption behavior was also investigated.
Effects of hydrothermal treatment on oxygen functional groups and pyrolysis characteristics of a vitrinite‐rich low rank coal
Authors: Zhu Chuan , Xie Qiang , Zhong Jinlong , Guo Hao , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA vitrinite‐rich low rank coal (BSR) with high alkali and alkaline metal species contents from China was treated by hydrothermal treatment over a temperature range of 200°C to 300°C. The transformation in physicochemical structure was investigated. The pyrolysis behaviors and product distribution were discussed. Meanwhile, the effect of inorganic elements derived from hydrothermal liquid waste on coal pyrolysis was also explored. The results show that after hydrothermal treatment, some inorganic elements (e.g., Na and Cl) as well as the equilibrium moisture decreased significantly. A time/temperature delay effect for the decomposition of newly formed carboxyl acids from ion exchange of carboxylates is revealed. With the increasing treatment temperature, atomic ratio of O/C decreases gradually, whereas H/C shows a trend of first increasing below 240°C and then decreasing. The pyrolysis activation energy increases from 38.51 kJ mol−1 of BSR to 52.01 kJ mol−1 of sample treated at 300°C. Hydrothermal treatment with temperature below 260°C could promote tar yield by fixed‐bed pyrolysis, while not by Gray–King assay. Furthermore, the inorganic elements in hydrothermal liquid waste increased the pyrolysis activation energy and resulted in lower tar yield and higher gas yield. Compare with char from BSR, mean pore size of chars from treated coals increased, and corresponding specific surface area decreased dramatically.
Modified ethylene‐propylene‐diene elastomer (EPDM)‐contained silicone rubber/ethylene‐propylene‐diene elastomer (EPDM) blends: Effect of composition and electron beam crosslinking on mechanical, heat shrinkability, electrical, and morphological properties
Authors: Ashokrao Fuke Chandan , Anna Mahanwar Prakash , Ray Chowdhury Subhendu 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, a gamma radiation‐induced methacrylic acid (MAA)‐grafted ethylene‐propylene‐diene elastomer (EPDM) was used as a third component (g‐EPDM) in silicone rubber (SiR)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene elastomer (EPDM) blends. These blends were electron beam (EB) crosslinked. The effect of blend composition, the presence of g‐EPDM, and EB crosslinking on the mechanical, heat shrinkability, electrical, and morphological properties of SiR/EPDM blends have been studied. To investigate the effect of grafted EPDM (g‐EPDM), 10 wt % of g‐EPDM was added to immiscible SiR/EPDM blends. Both silicone and EPDM are blended in different proportions (70:30 and 30:70) with and without g‐EPDM followed by compression molding. To improve the properties and investigate the crosslinkability of binary and ternary blends further, the SiR/EPDM blends were irradiated by electron beam at different doses (50, 100, and 150 kGy). The gel content was found to increase with EPDM content, the presence of g‐EPDM, and radiation dose. The addition of g‐EPDM led to improvement of tensile properties (tensile strength, Young's modulus, percentage elongation, and toughness), electrical properties, and shrinkability of blends. EB crosslinking further enhanced the above properties. Surface morphology (SEM) revealed that the presence of g‐EPDM and the incorporation of EB crosslinking improved the above properties of blends. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47787.
Mechanical properties of 3D parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling: Effect of various fillers in polylactide
Authors: Gao Xia , Zhang Daijun , Qi Shunxin , Wen Xiangning , Su Yunlan 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWeak mechanical strength and serious mechanical anisotropy are two key limiting factors for three‐dimensional (3D) parts prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) in industrial applications. In this work, we investigated the relationships between mechanical properties and surface quality of FDM parts with the properties of materials used. Three kinds of polylactide (PLA) filaments, composed of the same PLA matrix but different fillers (carbon fibers and talc), were used to prepare FDM specimens. Due to the nature of FDM process, FDM parts exhibited tensile properties weaker and more anisotropic than their injection‐molding counterparts. The presence of fillers affected the tensile properties of FDM parts, especially the degree of mechanical anisotropy. It is found that the interlayer bond governing the mechanical performance of FDM parts was improved since the fillers added in the polymer materials facilitates the molecular diffusion across the bond interface. Also, the surface quality of FDM parts varied with fillers. Neat PLA parts exhibited surface quality superior to the 3D parts printed with composites filaments. This work is believed to provide highlights on the development of polymer composites filament and improvement of mechanical properties of FDM parts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47824.
EWOD silicon biosensor for multiple nucleic acids analysis
Authors: Petralia Salvatore , Motta Daniele , Conoci Sabrina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a miniaturized biosensor containing 96 silicon microchambers electroloaded with nano‐volumes of liquid (EW‐chip) is presented. The liquid electroloading is achieved by the appropriate modulation of interface properties. The surface chemistries have been studied to guarantee effective interface properties for both electrowetting on dielectric actuation and biocompatibility versus biochemical reactions. The silicon microchambers are 200 nl in volume and are connected to a specific system of electrodes able to deliver liquid sample on each well. The device also integrates temperature sensors and heaters to perform biochemical reactions. On that, the effectiveness of this device has been successfully proven towards the nucleic acids detection via real‐time polymerase chain reaction amplification. Hepatitis B virus genome target has been used to assess the device performance. Results show very uniform amplification over the 96 microchambers without any cross‐contamination process. These features make this system a very appealing potential solution for genetic point‐of‐care devices where a high level of parallelism of analysis is required.
Photosynthetic generation of heterologous terpenoids in cyanobacteria
Authors: Betterle Nico , Melis Anastasios 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe work aims to convert the secondary slow metabolism of the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway into a primary activity in cyanobacteria and to generate heterologous products using these photosynthetic microorganisms as cell factories. Case study is the production of the 10‐carbon monoterpene β‐phellandrene (PHL) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis). Barriers to this objective include the slow catalytic activity of the terpenoid metabolism enzymes that limit rates and yield of product synthesis and accumulation. “Fusion constructs as protein overexpression vectors” were applied in the overexpression of the geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) and β‐phellandrene synthase (PHLS) genes, causing accumulation of GPPS up to 4% and PHLS up to 10% of the total cellular protein. Such GPPS and PHLS protein overexpression compensated for their slow catalytic activity and enabled transformant Synechocystis to constitutively generate 24 mg of PHL per g biomass (2.4% PHL:biomass, w‐w), a substantial improvement over earlier yields. The work showed that a systematic overexpression, at the protein level, of the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway genes is a promising approach to achieving high yields of prenyl product biosynthesis, on the way to exploiting the cellular terpenoid metabolism for commodity product generation.
Invisible signals from the underground: A practical method to investigate the effect of microbial volatile organic compounds emitted by rhizobacteria on plant growth
Authors: del Rosario Cappellari Lorena , Chiappero Julieta , Banchio Erika 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRhizobacteria that colonize plant roots and promote plant growth are referred to as plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, and this can stimulate plant growth either indirectly or directly. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by rhizobacteria have the capacity to promote plant growth as well as perform biocontrol of fungal pathogens. The microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are characterized by a low molecular weight and a high vapor pressure, which facilitate evaporation and diffusion at normal temperatures and at above‐ground and below‐ground pressures. mVOCs can travel far from the point of production through the atmosphere, porous soils and liquids, thereby making them ideal infochemicals for mediating interspecific interactions. However, knowledge about the biological and ecological roles of microbial VOCs is still limited compared with that of plant VOCs. Here, we describe a simple and inexpensive laboratory class aimed at biotechnology or soil microbiology students, which uses techniques to increase their understanding of the mechanisms of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and also illustrate the effects of mVOCs emitted by rhizobacteria on plant growth promotion, as well as evaluating their potential as a biocontrol. The laboratory class is divided into two sessions: an initial 3‐hour experimental session and a second 2‐hour analytical one. The experimental session involves two separate experiments: one of which is dedicated to illustrating the effect of mVOCs on plant growth parameters, while the second explores the capacity of VOCs as a biocontrol. Also, the class provides students with an opportunity to perform useful assays, draw conclusions from their results, and discuss possible extensions of the study. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(4):388–393, 2019.
Focus on Epithelialized Palatal Grafts. Part 3: Methods to Enhance Patient Comfort at Palatal Donor Sites
Authors: Berridge Joshua P. , Johnson Thomas M. , Cheng Albert W. , Swenson Dane T. , Miller Preston D. 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionPostoperative discomfort is a documented complication of the epithelialized palatal graft (EPG) procedure, and the expectation of an unpleasant patient experience may cause some practitioners to avoid EPG altogether. However, EPG affords distinct advantages in a variety of clinical situations, and the postoperative discomfort associated with the procedure can be minimized.Case SeriesThree generally and periodontally healthy patients with gingival recession defects and minimal zones of attached gingiva received mandibular anterior EPG procedures. In all cases, collagen membranes were trimmed to fit the palatal donor sites and sutured in place. Two patients reported minimal donor site discomfort at any time point. One patient with large bilateral donor sites reported moderate palatal discomfort limited to the first postoperative week. All patients reported overall positive treatment experiences.ConclusionsPlacement of a resorbable collagen membrane at large EPG harvest sites appears to limit topical irritation of the wound and may substantially improve patient comfort postoperatively. Combining local and systemic measures to minimize patient discomfort may render EPG procedures very tolerable for patients. Controlled clinical trials comparing patient‐centered outcomes following EPG harvest with and without collagen membrane placement appear warranted.
Direct access valve‐in‐valve implantation for management of complex valvulopathy
Authors: Kossar Alexander P. , Borger Michael , George Isaac 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe management of bioprosthetic structural valve degeneration requires complex surgical or transcatheter re‐intervention for which many high‐risk patients are not considered candidates. Here, we describe a technique for a direct surgical access valve‐in‐valve implantation in patients with complex bioprosthetic valvulopathy for whom standard surgical valve replacement and percutaneous interventions were high‐risk and contraindicated, respectively.
Diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio in prospectively enrolled patients: An individual patient‐data meta‐analysis
Authors: Westra Jelmer , Tu Shengxian , Campo Gianluca , Qiao Shubin , Matsuo Hitoshi , Qu Xinkai , Koltowski Lukasz , Chang Yunxiao , Liu Tommy , Yang Junqing , Andersen Birgitte Krogsgaard , Eftekhari Ashkan , Christiansen Evald Høj , Escaned Javier , Wijns William , Xu Bo , Holm Niels Ramsing 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe aimed to provide robust performance estimates for quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in assessment of intermediary coronary lesions.BackgroundAngiography‐based functional lesion assessment by QFR may appear as a cost saving and safe approach to expand the use of physiology‐guided percutaneous coronary interventions. QFR was proven feasible and showed good diagnostic performance in mid‐sized off‐line and on‐line studies with fractional flow reserve (FFR) as reference standard.MethodsWe performed a collaborative individual patient‐data meta‐analysis of all available prospective studies with paired assessment of QFR and FFR using the CE‐marked QFR application. The main outcome was agreement of QFR and FFR using a two‐step analysis strategy with a multilevel mixed model accounting for study and center level variation.ResultsOf 16 studies identified, four studies had prospective enrollment and provided patient level data reaching a total of 819 patients and 969 vessels with paired FFR and QFR: FAVOR Pilot (n = 73); WIFI II (n = 170); FAVOR II China (n = 304) and FAVOR II Europe‐Japan (n = 272). We found an overall agreement (mean difference 0.009 ± 0.068, I2 = 39.6) of QFR with FFR. The diagnostic performance was sensitivity 84% (95%CI: 77–90, I2 = 70.1), specificity 88% (95%CI: 84–91, I2 = 60.1); positive predictive value 80% (95%CI: 76–85, I2 = 33.4), and negative predictive value 95% (95%CI: 93–96, I2 = 75.9).ConclusionsDiagnostic performance of QFR was good with FFR as reference in this meta‐analysis of high quality studies. QFR could provide an easy, safe, and cost‐effective solution for functional evaluation of coronary artery stenosis.
Remote ‘Imidazole’ Based Ruthenium(II) p‐Cymene Precatalyst for Selective Oxidative Cleavage of C−C Multiple Bonds
Authors: Dutta Manali , Bania Kusum Kumar , Pratihar Sanjay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe dual role of remote ‘imidazole’ attached with the precatalyst [(p‐cymene)RuII(L)Y]+ (L=2‐(4‐substituted‐phenyl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10] phenanthroline, Y=chloride/solvent) was explored for the selective oxidative cleavage of C−C multiple bonds to acetals/aldehydes. The presence of ‘imidazole’ in the precatalysts was found to be useful for the activation of oxidant and release of p‐cymene from the precatalysts, which in turn was not effective without the ‘imidazole’ moiety. The mechanistic aspects of the precatalyst were evaluated from spectroscopic, kinetic, and few other controlled experiments. The loss of p‐cymene is the key step for the reaction and found to be faster in solvated precatalyst, [(p‐cymene)RuII(L)(MeOH)]++ and thus showed 3–4‐fold more effective as compared to [(p‐cymene)RuII(L)Cl]+.
Catalytic Aerobic Phenol Homo‐ and Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Copper Complexes Bearing Redox‐Active Guanidine Ligands
Authors: Schön Florian , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDue to their large importance in synthetic chemistry, catalytic C−C coupling reactions of phenols are currently intensively studied. Herein, new copper catalysts for the C−C coupling reaction of phenols using dioxygen as a green oxidizing reagent are reported. By using redox‐active guanidine ligands, the activity as well as chemoselectivity in the cross‐coupling reaction of non‐complementary phenols (between an electron‐rich phenol and a less nucleophilic second phenol) is significantly improved. Based on the collected data for several test reactions, a reaction mechanism is proposed.