bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α and MIP‐1β increase the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yang Meng‐Jie , Guo Jie , Ye Yan‐Fang , Chen Sui‐Hong , Peng Li‐Xia , Lin Chu‐Yang , Hu Ting , Xie Shang‐Hang , Xie Chuan‐Bo , Huang Qi‐Hong , Lu Yu‐Qiang , Liu Qing , Qian Chao‐Nan , Cao Su‐Mei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe association of circulating inflammation markers with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is still largely unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between circulating cytokine levels and the subsequent risk of NPC with a two‐stage epidemiologic study in southern China.MethodsThe serum levels of 33 inflammatory cytokines were first measured in a hospital‐based case–control study (150 NPC patients and 150 controls) using multiplex assay platforms. Marker levels were categorized into two or more groups based on the proportion of sample measurements that was above the lower limit of detection. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating the serum marker concentration to the risk of NPC were computed by multivariable logistic regression models. The associations were validated in 60 patients with NPC and 120 controls in a subsequent nested case–control study within a NPC screening trial. Potential interactions between serum cytokines and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) relating to the risk of NPC were assessed using a likelihood ratio test.ResultsThe levels of serum macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α and MIP‐1β in the highest categories were associated with a decreased risk of NPC in both the case–control study (MIP‐1α: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26–0.95; MIP‐1β: OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22–1.00) and the nested case–control study (MIP‐1α: OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.03–0.62; MIP‐1β: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.04–0.94), compared with those in the lowest categories. Furthermore, individuals with lower levels of these two cytokine markers who were EBV seropositive presented with a largely higher risk of NPC compared with patients with higher levels who were EBV seronegative in both the case–control study (MIP‐1α: OR = 16.28, 95% CI = 7.11–37.23; MIP‐1β: OR = 12.86, 95% CI = 5.9–28.05) and the nested case–control study (MIP‐1α: OR = 86.12, 95% CI = 10.58–701.03; MIP‐1β: OR = 115.44, 95% CI = 13.92–957.73).ConclusionsDecreased preclinical MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β levels might be associated with a subsequently increased risk of NPC. More mechanistic studies are required to fully understand this finding.
Amniotic Fluid Exosome Proteomic Profile Exhibits Unique Pathways of Term and Preterm Labor
Authors: Dixon C Luke , Sheller-Miller Samantha , Saade George R , Fortunato Stephen J , Lai Andrew , Palma Carlos , Guanzon Dominic , Salomon Carlos , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Our objective was to determine the amniotic fluid–derived exosomal proteomic profile in patients who had spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) compared with those who delivered at term. A cross-sectional study of a retrospective cohort was used to quantify and determine the protein content of exosomes present in amniotic fluid, in PTB or pPROM, and normal term labor (TL) or term not in labor (TNIL) pregnancies. Exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation and quantified using nanocrystals (Qdot) coupled to CD63 and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) by fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis. The exosomal proteomic profile was identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and a small ion library was constructed to quantify the proteomic data by Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis determined canonical pathways and biofunctions associated with dysregulated proteins. Amniotic fluid exosomes have similar shape and quantity regardless of the conditions; however, the PLAP/CD63 ratios for TL, PTB, and pPROM were significantly higher (∼3.8-, ∼4.4-, and ∼3.5-fold, respectively) compared with TNIL. The PLAP/CD63 ratio was also significantly higher (∼1.3-fold) in PTB compared with pPROM. Biological functions primarily indicated nonspecific inflammatory response regardless of condition, but unique profiles were also identified in cases (PTB and pPROM) compared with term. Amniotic fluid exosomes provide information specific to normal and abnormal parturition. Inflammatory marker enrichment and its uniqueness in term and preterm pregnancies support the value of exosomes in determining underlying physiology associated with term and preterm parturition.
Approach to Myelopathy
Authors: Cho Tracey A. , Bhattacharyya Shamik 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Myelopathy is commonly encountered in clinical practice and is associated with a large number of causes. This article reviews the anatomy of the spinal cord and discusses how the clinical findings, time course, and radiographic patterns can help to identify the causes of myelopathy.

RECENT FINDINGS
Imaging observations such as MRI “pancake” gadolinium enhancement pattern with spondylotic myelopathy and subpial enhancement with neurosarcoidosis have improved diagnostic specificity. On the other hand, common diseases such as degenerative spine disease are now recognized as presenting much more variably. Improved imaging and the identification of genetic markers enhance the specificity of diagnosis. The improved identification of biomarkers has shown that the same cause, such as compressive myelopathy, can present more variably than previously appreciated.

SUMMARY
Spinal cord dysfunction, or myelopathy, remains a clinical diagnosis, and determining the cause requires integration of clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters, none of which have great specificity individually. Most cases of myelopathy will require further neuroimaging, and some require CSF analysis for diagnosis. This article presents an approach to the diagnosis of myelopathy based on excluding compressive myelopathy initially and then differentiating between acute and subacute processes and chronic causes.
Mice harbouring an oculodentodigital dysplasia-linked Cx43 G60S mutation have severe hearing loss
Authors: Abitbol Julia M. , Kelly John J. , Barr Kevin J. , Allman Brian L. , Laird Dale W. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Given the importance of connexin43 (Cx43, encoded by GJA1) function in the central nervous system and sensory organ processing, we proposed that it would also be crucial in auditory function. To that end, hearing was examined in two mouse models of oculodentodigital dysplasia that globally express GJA1 mutations resulting in mild or severe loss of Cx43 function. Although Cx43I130T/+ mutant mice, with ∼50% Cx43 channel function, did not have any hearing loss, Cx43G60S/+ mutant mice, with ∼20% Cx43 channel function, had severe hearing loss. There was no evidence of inner ear sensory hair cell loss, suggesting that the mechanism for Cx43-linked hearing loss lies downstream in the auditory pathway. Since evidence suggests that Cx26 function is essential for hearing and may be protective against noise-induced hearing loss, we challenged Cx43I130T/+ mice with a loud noise and found that they had a similar susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss to that found in controls, suggesting that decreased Cx43 function does not sensitize the mice for environmentally induced hearing loss. Taken together, this study suggests that Cx43 plays an important role in baseline hearing and is essential for auditory processing.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Catalytic Asymmetric Amination of meso-Epoxide Using Soy Polysaccharide (Soyafibe S-DN)
Authors: Takeuchi Yuki , Asano Tatsuhiro , Tsuzaki Kazuya , Wada Koichi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The asymmetric amination of epoxides is an effective method to synthesize chiral β-aminoalcohols and their components as pharmaceuticals. We have developed a new catalyst system for the asymmetric amination of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane with cyclopropylamine. We have also found that water-soluble soy polysaccharide (Soyafibe S-DN) functions as a catalyst. This catalytic reaction proceeded under mild conditions in hydrous toluene at 37–40 °C. (1R,2R)-2-(cyclopropylamino)cyclohexan-1-ol was obtained at 64% enantiomeric excess (ee) by the asymmetric amination of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane with cyclopropylamine using this catalyst system; it was also made at &gt;99% ee by purification as the fumarate salt. The catalytic activity of this soluble soy polysaccharide remained unchanged, even when treated with a protease, but its activity disappeared when treated with a sugar chain degrading enzyme. These results indicate that the polysaccharide rather than the protein acts as the catalyst for this reaction. Thus, we have discovered for the first time that polysaccharides can act as asymmetric catalysts for the amination of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane.
Formation of “Nano-Ice” and Density Maximum Anomaly of Water
Authors: Okajima Hajime , Ando Masahiro , Hamaguchi Hiro-o 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWater is still mysterious despite intensive and extensive studies over the years. Anomalous behavior of water as a liquid is yet to be fully comprehended. Here we show that the most generally known anomaly of water, the density maximum anomaly, is well accounted for by the formation of nanometer-size ice crystallite at low temperatures. We show spectroscopically that, in cold and super-cooled water, this nanometer-size ice crystallite is formed and coexists with the other two forms of water. Multivariate hyperspectral analysis of 140 temperature dependent Raman spectra in the range of −23∼45 °C determines the three distinct vibrational spectra of the three forms of water and their fractions at different temperatures. Simulation based on the determined fractions successfully reproduces the temperature dependence of density with a maximum at the right temperature. The mystery of the density maximum of water has thus been given an unequivocal solution. The nanometer-size ice crystallite might well be called “nano-ice”.
MSL: Facilitating automatic and physical analysis of published scientific literature in PDF format
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Dandekar Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Published scientific literature contains millions of figures, including information about the results obtained from different scientific experiments e.g. PCR-ELISA data, microarray analysis, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry data, DNA/RNA sequencing, diagnostic imaging (CT/MRI and ultrasound scans), and medicinal imaging like electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), echocardiography (ECG), positron-emission tomography (PET) images. The importance of biomedical figures has been widely recognized in scientific and medicine communities, as they play a vital role in providing major original data, experimental and computational results in concise form. One major challenge for implementing a system for scientific literature analysis is extracting and analyzing text and figures from published PDF files by physical and logical document analysis. Here we present a product line architecture based bioinformatics tool ‘Mining Scientific Literature (MSL)’, which supports the extraction of text and images by interpreting all kinds of published PDF files using advanced data mining and image processing techniques. It provides modules for the marginalization of extracted text based on different coordinates and keywords, visualization of extracted figures and extraction of embedded text from all kinds of biological and biomedical figures using applied Optimal Character Recognition (OCR). Moreover, for further analysis and usage, it generates the system’s output in different formats including text, PDF, XML and images files. Hence, MSL is an easy to install and use analysis tool to interpret published scientific literature in PDF format.
Differential response of the liver to bile acid treatment in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick disease type C
Authors: Nicoli Elena-Raluca , Huebecker Mylene , Smith David , Morris Lauren , Platt Frances M. 
Published: April 2018

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) disease is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. Liver disease is also a common feature of NPC that can present as cholestatic jaundice in the neonatal period. Liver enzymes can remain elevated above the normal range in some patients as they age. We recently reported suppression of the P450 detoxification system in a mouse model of NPC disease and also in post-mortem liver from NPC patients. We demonstrated the ability of the hydrophobic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (3α, 7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid) to correct the P450 system suppression. UDCA is used to treat several cholestatic disorders and was tested in NPC due to the P450 system being regulated by bile acids. Here, we compare the effect of UDCA and cholic acid (CA), another bile acid, in the NPC mouse model. We observed unexpected hepatotoxicity in response to CA treatment of NPC mice. No such hepatotoxicity was associated with UDCA treatment. These results suggest that CA treatment is contraindicated in NPC patients, whilst supporting the use of UDCA as an adjunctive therapy in NPC patients.
Harnessing extracellular vesicles to direct endochondral repair of large bone defects
Authors: Ferreira E. , Porter R. M. 
Published: April 2018

Large bone defects remain a tremendous clinical challenge. There is growing evidence in support of treatment strategies that direct defect repair through an endochondral route, involving a cartilage intermediate. While culture-expanded stem/progenitor cells are being evaluated for this purpose, these cells would compete with endogenous repair cells for limited oxygen and nutrients within ischaemic defects. Alternatively, it may be possible to employ extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by culture-expanded cells for overcoming key bottlenecks to endochondral repair, such as defect vascularization, chondrogenesis, and osseous remodelling. While mesenchymal stromal/stem cells are a promising source of therapeutic EVs, other donor cells should also be considered. The efficacy of an EV-based therapeutic will likely depend on the design of companion scaffolds for controlled delivery to specific target cells. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from studies of EVs could one day inform the long-term development of synthetic, engineered nanovesicles. In the meantime, EVs harnessed from in vitro cell culture have near-term promise for use in bone regenerative medicine. This narrative review presents a rationale for using EVs to improve the repair of large bone defects, highlights promising cell sources and likely therapeutic targets for directing repair through an endochondral pathway, and discusses current barriers to clinical translation. Cite this article: E. Ferreira, R. M. Porter. Harnessing extracellular vesicles to direct endochondral repair of large bone defects. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:263–273. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.BJR-2018-0006.
Predictors of success in the Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) examination
Authors: Scrimgeour DSG , Cleland J , Lee AJ , Brennan PA 
Published: April 2018

Introduction The Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS, Parts A and B) is designed to safeguard patients and ensure high standards for trainees wishing to pursue a surgical career. We investigated which factors predict Part A and B success. Methods UK graduates who had attempted both parts of MRCS from September 2007 to February 2016 were included. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the linear relationship between each part of MRCS and logistic regression analysis to identify potential independent predictors of MRCS pass/fail outcome. Results A positive correlation between Part A and B score was identified (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). In Part A, males had higher pass rates than females (odds ratio, OR, 2.78, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.83–4.19), white candidates were more likely to pass than black minority and ethnic doctors (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.52–1.89), foundation year 1 doctors had higher pass rates than all other grades (e.g. core surgical year 2 trainees vs. foundation year 1 doctors, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32–0.77) and younger graduates were more likely to pass than older graduates (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.81–3.63). In addition to ethnicity and stage of training, Part A performance (number of attempts and score) was an independent predictor for Part B. Conclusions Part A performance is related to Part B score. Many independent predictors of MRCS success were identified, but only stage of training and ethnicity were found to be common predictors of both parts. This article summarises the findings of our most recent MRCS study which was published in The Surgeon (online) in October 2017. 1
The strategic uses of evidence in UK e-cigarettes policy debates
Authors: Hawkins Benjamin , Ettelt Stefanie 
Published: April 2018

Background
Current debates on e-cigarette policy in the UK are highly acrimonious and are framed in terms of evidence-based policymaking.

Aims and objectives
The article aims to understand the use of evidence in policymaking in the context of both political controversy and limited policy-relevant evidence via a case study of UK e-cigarette debates.

Methods
The study draws on a series of semi-structured interviews with policy actors to examine their positions on e-cigarette policy process and their use of evidence to support this.

Findings
Policy actors articulate a strong commitment to evidence-based policymaking and claim that their positions are evidence-based. Some actors also claim emerging consensus around their positon as a rhetorical tool in the debate. Respondents argued that actors adopting opposing policy positions fail to follow the evidence base. This is attributed to a lack of understanding or disregard for the relevant evidence for political or ideological reasons.

Discussion
Respondents adhere to a rationalist understanding of policymaking in which policy disputes can be settled by recourse to ‘the evidence’. Interpretative policy analysis suggests that multiple legitimate framings of policy issues, supported by different bodies of evidence, are possible. Policy differences are thus not due to bad faith but to policy actors framing the issue at stake in different terms and thus advocating different policy responses.

Conclusions
Process of ‘frame reflection’ may help to overcome the acrimony of current policy leading to more effective engagement by public health actors in the e-cigarettes policy debates.
SOCIAL PANIC DISORDER AND ITS IMPACTS
Authors: Barroso Marianna Leite , Maranhão Thércia Lucena Grangeiro , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira , Neves Fernanda Pereira de Brito , Oliveira Gislene Farias de 
Published: April 2018

Panic disorder has been increasingly focused on health services and the media, where it affects young people aged 20-40. The incidence of these disorders affects 22% of the adult world population. Of these, 2.8% are grouped in severe disorders (schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis and severe forms of depression, panic syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder) in adults (Stuart, Laraia, 2002). This study aims to identify the risk factors for the development of Panic Disorder (PD), through the literature consulted; analyze the authors' discourse and provide health professionals with the necessary subsidies for prevention and early intervention in the presence of possible signs and symptoms of PD. This is a bibliographic study carried out in libraries, the internet, scientific technical books and monographs. The results evidenced that in Brazil there is still no research that shows the real incidence of people affected with this syndrome. It is hoped that this discourse can guide the work of health professionals - specifically nurses - in the development of the syndrome and provide the means for adequate care directed at the patients and their families. Keywords: Panic Disorder; Risk factors; Intervention; Prevention.
The role of personality measures as predictors of job performance: Teacher sample<p>İş performansının öngörülmesinde kişilik ölçümünün rolü: Öğretmen örneği
Authors: Saltukoğlu Gaye , Tatar Arkun 
Published: April 2018

The present study aims to examine the personality characteristics of teachers by five factor model of personality and to plot their personality profiles. The participants were 349 teachers, 241 women and 108 men, aged between 22-65. The data used to compare teachers with was a total of 3920 people, 1777 women, 2143 men aged between 18 and 79. The comparison of female teachers with the female comparison group showed that female teachers had lower average scores on the Emotional Lability and Self-Distrust dimensions and Emotional Instability factor, and had higher average score on Agreement, Sensitivity, Analytical Thinking, and Openness to Newness dimensions and Openness to Experience factor than the comparison group. Male teachers had lower average scores on Excitement Seeking dimension and higher scores on Analytical Thinking dimension than the comparison group.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmada öğretmenlerin beş faktör kişilik modeliyle kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve grup olarak profillerinin çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 22-65 yaşları arasında 241 kadın, 108 erkek olmak üzere toplam 349 öğretmen katılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, öğretmenlerin verisini karşılaştırmak amacıyla 18-79 yaşları arasında 1777 kadın, 2143 erkek olmak üzere 3920 kişilik yetişkin verisi kullanılmıştır. Kadın öğretmenler, kadın karşılaştırma grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında Duygusal Değişkenlik, Kendine Güvensizlik boyutlarında ve Duygusal Tutarsızlık faktöründe daha düşük, Uzlaşma, Duyarlılık, Analitik Düşünme, Yeniliğe Açıklık boyutlarında ve Gelişime Açıklık faktöründe de daha yüksek puan ortalamasına sahiptirler. Erkek öğretmenlerin ise erkek karşılaştırma grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında sadece Heyecan Arama boyutunda daha düşük, Analitik Düşünme boyutunda da daha yüksek puan ortalamasına sahip oldukları görülmüştür.
Monolithic photonic integration for visible and short near-infrared wavelengths: technologies and platforms for bio and life science applications
Authors: Porcel Marco A.G. , Artundo Iñigo , Domenech J. David , Geuzebroek Douwe , Sunarto Rino , Hoofman Romano 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This tutorial aims to provide a general overview on the state-of-the-art of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in the visible and short near-infrared (NIR) wavelength ranges, mostly focusing in silicon nitride (SiN) substrates, and a guide to the necessary steps in the design toward the fabrication of such PICs. The focus is put on bio- and life sciences, given the adequacy and, thus, a large number of applications in this field.
The Role of Adolescent Health in Adult SES Outcomes
Authors: Andersen Dana C. , Gunes Pinar Mine 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper explores the effects of adolescent health and adolescent mental health on long-term socioeconomic outcomes in the United States. Within-twin estimations are employed to overcome the bias generated by unobserved family background and genetic traits. The results indicate that poor adolescent health reduces long-term health, earnings, and household income. Accounting for life-cycle effects suggests that the effect of poor adolescent health on household income and earnings increases over the life cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that the effects on income are a consequence of the persistence of adolescent health on future health.