bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programed Assembly of Nucleoprotein Nanoparticles Using DNA and Zinc Fingers for Targeted Protein Delivery
Authors: Ryu Yiseul , Kang Jung Ae , Kim Dasom , Kim Song‐Rae , Kim Seungmin , Park Seong Ji , Kwon Seung‐Hae , Kim Kil‐Nam , Lee Dong‐Eun , Lee Joong‐jae , Kim Hak‐Sung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith a growing number of intracellular drug targets and the high efficacy of protein therapeutics, the targeted delivery of active proteins with negligible toxicity is a challenging issue in the field of precision medicine. Herein, a programed assembly of nucleoprotein nanoparticles (NNPs) using DNA and zinc fingers (ZnFs) for targeted protein delivery is presented. Two types of ZnFs with different sequence specificities are genetically fused to a targeting moiety and a protein cargo, respectively. Double‐stranded DNA with multiple ZnF‐binding sequences is grafted onto inorganic nanoparticles, followed by conjugation with the ZnF‐fused proteins, generating the assembly of NNPs with a uniform size distribution and high stability. The approach enables controlled loading of a protein cargo on the NNPs, offering a high cytosolic delivery efficiency and target specificity. The utility and potential of the assembly as a versatile protein delivery vehicle is demonstrated based on their remarkable antitumor activity and target specificity with negligible toxicity in a xenograft mice model.
Nanoparticle Gradient Materials by Centrifugation
Authors: Spinnrock Andreas , Schupp David , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNanoparticle gradient materials are a unique class of functional materials. They combine the specific properties of nanoparticles with macroscopic materials. A continuous spatial gradient of the nanoparticle concentration leads to diverse physical property profiles. Therefore, these materials have a remarkable potential for applications in optics, electronics, and sensors. A novel approach for the defined and controlled synthesis of this material class is the fabrication in ultracentrifugal fields. The formation of a nanoparticle gradient by sedimentation in a gelatin solution is monitored online with optical systems inside an analytical ultracentrifuge. As soon as the desired nanoparticle concentration gradient is generated, the material is solidified by gelation and the desired gradient is fixed in the material. Application of the established theory of analytical ultracentrifugation allows simulations of the sedimentation process of the nanoparticles in advance. Thus, desired nanoparticle gradient materials can also be tailor‐made and fabricated on a preparative scale. This is demonstrated for the example of spherical gold nanoparticles of different sizes, gold nanorods, mixtures thereof, and spherical superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
A Conductive and Highly Deformable All‐Pseudocapacitive Composite Paper as Supercapacitor Electrode with Improved Areal and Volumetric Capacitance
Authors: Zhou Jie , Yu Jiali , Shi Ludi , Wang Zhe , Liu Huichao , Yang Bo , Li Cuihua , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlexible energy storage electronics have gained increasing attention in recent years, but the simultaneous acquiring of high volumetric and high areal capacities as well as excellent flexibility in order to truly implement wearable and portable electronics in practice remains challenging. Here, a conductive and highly deformable freestanding all‐pseudocapacitive paper electrode (Ti3C2Tx/MnO2 NWs) is fabricated by solution processing of hybrid inks based on Ti3C2Tx MXene and ultralong MnO2 nanowires. The resulting Ti3C2Tx/MnO2 NWs hybrid paper manifests a remarkable areal capacitance of up to 205 mF cm−2 and outstanding volumetric capacitance of 1025 F cm−3. Both the values are highly comparable with, or in most cases much higher than those of previously reported MXene‐based flexible electrodes. The excellent energy storage performance is well maintained with a capacitance retention of 98.38% during 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. In addition, the flexible supercapacitor demonstrates excellent flexibility and electrochemical stability during repeated mechanical bendings of up to 120°, suggesting great potentials for the applications in future flexible and portable electronics.
2D Crystals in Three Dimensions: Electronic Decoupling of Single‐Layered Platelets in Colloidal Nanoparticles
Authors: Kempt Roman , Kuc Agnieszka , Han Jae Hyo , Cheon Jinwoo , Heine Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract2D crystals, single sheets of layered materials, often show distinct properties desired for optoelectronic applications, such as larger and direct band gaps, valley‐ and spin‐orbit effects. Being atomically thin, the low amount of material is a bottleneck in photophysical and photochemical applications. Here, the formation of stacks of 2D crystals intercalated with small surfactant molecules is proposed. It is shown, using first principles calculations, that the very short surfactant methyl amine electronically decouples the layers. The indirect–direct band gap transition characteristic for Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides is demonstrated experimentally by observing the emergence of a strong photoluminescence signal for ethoxide‐intercalated WSe2 and MoSe2 multilayered nanoparticles with lateral size of about 10 nm and beyond. The proposed hybrid materials offer the highest possible density of the 2D crystals with electronic properties typical of monolayers. Variation of the surfactant's chemical potential allows fine‐tuning of electronic properties and potentially elimination of trap states caused by defects.
An ensemble CPU load prediction algorithm using a Bayesian information criterion and smooth filters in a cloud computing environment
Authors: Tofighy Sajjad , Rahmanian Ali A. , Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCloud resource management requires complex policies and decisions to ensure the suitable use of computing resources due to fluctuations in the demanding workload. Deciding the right amount of resource usage for performing user requests in cloud environments is not trivial. Therefore, an efficient resource prediction model can play important roles in cloud resource management to estimate the needed resources properly. In this paper, we propose an ensemble CPU load prediction model using a Bayesian information criterion to choose the best constituent model in each time slot based on the cloud resource usage history. Further, we apply a couple of smooth filters in order to decrease the negative impacts of outliers in the observed data points. We also present a framework for cloud resource management including a prediction module to estimate the resource usage more accurately. The experimental results on the data set of the CoMon project indicate that the proposed approach achieves higher accuracy compared with the other ensemble prediction algorithms.
A new positive finite volume scheme for two‐dimensional convection‐diffusion equation
Authors: Lan Bin , Sheng Zhiqiang , Yuan Guangwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new positive finite volume scheme for the two‐dimensional convection‐diffusion equation on deformed meshes is proposed. The approximation of the convective flux is based on some available information of the diffusive flux. The scheme can keep local conservation of normal flux on the cell‐edge and can be used to deal with the case that the diffusive coefficients are discontinuous and anisotropic. In addition, no limiter is introduced. For the unsteady problem, the existence of a solution for the nonlinear discrete system is proved. Numerical results show that the new scheme has second order accuracy and can preserve the positivity.
Perturbative expansions of the conformation tensor in viscoelastic flows
Authors: Hameduddin Ismail , Gayme Dennice F. , Zaki Tamer A. 
Published: November 2018

We consider the problem of formulating perturbative expansions of the conformation tensor, which is a positive definite tensor representing polymer deformation in viscoelastic flows. The classical approach does not explicitly take into account that the perturbed tensor must remain positive definite – a fact that has important physical implications, e.g. extensions and compressions are represented similarly to within a negative sign, when physically the former are unbounded and the latter are bounded from below. Mathematically, the classical approach assumes that the underlying geometry is Euclidean, and this assumption is not satisfied by the manifold of positive definite tensors. We provide an alternative formulation that retains the conveniences of classical perturbation methods used for generating linear and weakly nonlinear expansions, but also provides a clear physical interpretation and a mathematical basis for analysis. The approach is based on treating a perturbation as a sequence of successively smaller deformations of the polymer. Each deformation is modelled explicitly using geodesics on the manifold of positive definite tensors. Using geodesics, and associated geodesic distances, is the natural way to model perturbations to positive definite tensors because it is consistent with the manifold geometry. Approximations of the geodesics can then be used to reduce the total deformation to a series expansion in the small perturbation limit. We illustrate our approach using direct numerical simulations of the nonlinear evolution of Tollmien–Schlichting waves.
Reconsidering the seizure threshold? A retrospective study about seizure quality among patients with maintenance ECT
Authors: Taib Simon , Levy Anna , Arbus Christophe , Schmitt Laurent , Yrondi Antoine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and validated technique used to treat various psychiatric conditions. It triggers an artificially-induced seizure. This seizure is defined using several parameters such as the amount of energy, duration, frequency, pulse width and intensity. Efficacy and adverse events depend on the amount of energy delivered. Due to technical control, the amount of energy delivered by our unit’s ECT device was limited to 614 mC, 60% of the maximum possible output of the device. We wondered if lowering the dose would lead to better seizure quality among maintenance ECT patients.MethodsWe assessed seizure quality based on the EEG, using a validated tool created by MacPherson. Two evaluators independently rated the seizures. Pre- and post-control scores were compared using Student’s t-test for paired samples.ResultsWe analysed data from 15 patients. Mean age was 65 years old. Twelve had depressive disorder, two had schizophrenia and one had schizo-affective disorder. Mean duration of seizure before control was 41.1 s [95% confidence interval (95CI)=26.1, 51.1]. The mean MacPherson’s score was 20.3 (95CI=16.2, 24.4). After control, the mean MacPherson’s score was 28.2 (23.1, 33.3), showing a significant difference with the pre-control dataset (p=0.032; t=−2.4; df=14). Specifically, peak mid-ictal amplitude increased from 6.9 (95CI=5.1, 8.7) to 10.0 (95CI=7.2, 12.8). Other sub-scores remained unchanged.ConclusionLowering the energy delivered led to an overall increase of seizure quality among our sample. This highlights the necessity and utility of retitration during ECT maintenance, possibly leading to better management of our patients.
ROS regulate differentiation of visceralizingLeishmaniaspecies into the virulent amastigote form
Authors: Khan Yousuf A. , Andrews Norma W. , Mittra Bidyottam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLeishmaniavirulence and disease development critically depends on the ability ofLeishmaniapromastigotes to infect, differentiate into amastigote forms and replicate inside mammalian host macrophages. Understanding changes associated with amastigote differentiation in axenic culture conditions is a key to identifying virulence factors. Here we compared efficiency of the conventional pH–temperature-dependent shift method to induce amastigote differentiation with the recently identified trigger for differentiation mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using two different visceral leishmaniasis species,L. infantumand.L. donovani, we show that ROS-generating methods such as iron deprivation or exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or menadione are significantly more effective in promoting promastigote–amastigote differentiation than the low pH–high temperature shift, leading to higher survival rates, morphological changes and gene expression patterns characteristic of the amastigote stage. Notably, both H2O2and menadione-mediated differentiation did not require upregulation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain-associated protein p27, suggesting that treatment with oxidants bypasses the necessity to upregulate mitochondrial activity, a precondition for mROS generation. Our findings confirm that ROS-induced differentiation occurs in multipleLeishmaniaspecies, including the medically important visceralizing species, and provide mechanistic rationale for earlier reports demonstrating markedly increased virulence ofL. infantumpromastigotes pre-treated with oxidative reagents.
Are long-term trends in Bewick’s Swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii numbers driven by changes in winter food resources?
Authors: WOOD KEVIN A. , NEWTH JULIA L. , BRIDES KANE , BURDEKIN MIKE , HARRISON ANNE L. , HEAVEN STEVE , KITCHIN CHARLIE , MARSHALL LEIGH , MITCHELL CARL , PONTING JESSICA , SCOTT DAFILA K. , SMITH JON , TIJSEN WIM , HILTON GEOFF M. , REES EILEEN C. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe north-west European population of Bewick’s SwanCygnus columbianus bewickiideclined by 38% between 1995 and 2010 and is listed as ‘Endangered’ on the European Red List of birds. Here, we combined information on food resources within the landscape with long-term data on swan numbers, habitat use, behaviour and two complementary measures of body condition, to examine whether changes in food type and availability have influenced the Bewick’s Swan’s use of their main wintering site in the UK, the Ouse Washes and surrounding fens. Maximum number of Bewick’s Swans rose from 620 in winter 1958/59 to a high of 7,491 in winter 2004/05, before falling to 1,073 birds in winter 2013/14. Between winters 1958/59 and 2014/15 the Ouse Washes supported between 0.5 and 37.9 % of the total population wintering in north-west Europe (mean ± 95 % CI = 18.1 ± 2.4 %). Swans fed on agricultural crops, shifting from post-harvest remains of root crops (e.g. sugar beet and potatoes) in November and December to winter-sown cereals (e.g. wheat) in January and February. Inter-annual variation in the area cultivated for these crops did not result in changes in the peak numbers of swans occurring on the Ouse Washes. Behavioural and body condition data indicated that food supplies on the Ouse Washes and surrounding fens remain adequate to allow the birds to gain and maintain good body condition throughout winter with no increase in foraging effort. Our findings suggest that the recent decline in numbers of Bewick’s Swans at this internationally important site was not linked to inadequate food resources.
Assemblage urbanism. Becoming urban in late medieval Southampton
Authors: Jervis Ben 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is proposed that assemblage theory offers the possibility of exploring archaeological evidence in innovative ways, in order to write alternative narratives of urban development. By combining historical and archaeological scholarship with work in contemporary urban geography, it is proposed that the concept of urban decline in the later Middle Ages is problematic and a more fruitful alternative approach would be to focus on the transformation of urban assemblages. These ideas are explored by drawing upon archaeological evidence from Southampton, UK.
Lyrics for a duskier Enlightenment. In response to Alexandra Ion
Authors: Pétursdóttir Þóra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn her article ‘A taphonomy of a dark Anthropocene’, Alexandra Ion responds to and criticizes my discussion around the topic of archaeology and the Anthropocene recently published in this journal. She takes issue with most of my central arguments and especially with my leaning towards object-oriented ontology, speculative realism and the like, describing my perspective as one that is literally dark and depressing and which may lead nowhere but to a dead end. While I make it clear that I will neither answer for nor shield myself behind other peoples’ articulations of OOO, I will in what follows react to Ion's rather harsh critique and use the opportunity to sharpen my arguments further by focusing on three central themes: first, OOO and the archaeological object; second, darkness, dead ends and knowledge of things; and third, ethics, politics and responsibility.
THE PERIPATETIC PROGRAM IN CATEGORICAL LOGIC: LEIBNIZ ON PROPOSITIONAL TERMS
Authors: MALINK MARKO , VASUDEVAN ANUBAV 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGreek antiquity saw the development of two distinct systems of logic: Aristotle’s theory of the categorical syllogism and the Stoic theory of the hypothetical syllogism. Some ancient logicians argued that hypothetical syllogistic is more fundamental than categorical syllogistic on the grounds that the latter relies on modes of propositional reasoning such asreductio ad absurdum. Peripatetic logicians, by contrast, sought to establish the priority of categorical over hypothetical syllogistic by reducing various modes of propositional reasoning to categorical form. In the 17th century, this Peripatetic program of reducing hypothetical to categorical logic was championed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. In an essay titledSpecimina calculi rationalis, Leibniz develops a theory of propositional terms that allows him to derive the rule ofreductio ad absurdumin a purely categorical calculus in which every proposition is of the formA is B. We reconstruct Leibniz’s categorical calculus and show that it is strong enough to establish not only the rule ofreductio ad absurdum, but all the laws of classical propositional logic. Moreover, we show that the propositional logic generated by the nonmonotonic variant of Leibniz’s categorical calculus is a natural system of relevance logic known as RMI$_{{}_ \to ^\neg }$.
Simulation of Focusing Effect of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances on Meter‐Decameter Solar Dynamic Spectra
Authors: Koval Artem , Chen Yao , Stanislavsky Aleksander , Kashcheyev Anton , Zhang Qing‐He 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor the first time we present simulation results of the focusing effect of the ionospheric plasma density irregularities, namely, medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), on solar radio emission by applying a ray tracing method to the Earth's ionosphere with MSTIDs. With this technique we investigate the focusing effect that manifests itself in the form of peculiar spectral disturbances in intensity with specific morphology, so‐called Spectral Caustics (SCs), occasionally appearing in dynamic spectra of different solar radio instruments operating in the meter‐decameter wavelength range. We show that the simulated spectral shapes of SCs are in good agreement with the ones detected in real solar radio spectrograms. In particular, SCs that are classified as inverted V‐like, V‐like, X‐like, and fiber‐like types have been reproduced. It is also found that the seasonal dependence in the occurrence of SCs, which has been discovered recently, can be understood through a strong relation between the focusing frequency—the most important characteristic point in most SC patterns—and the elevation angle of the Sun. We find that under typical parameters of MSTIDs with spatial and temporal periods set to be 300 km and 40 min, respectively, the focusing frequency decreases with the growth of the elevation angle. Physical interpretations of the results and implications on the analysis of solar radio data with SCs are discussed.
North‐South Asymmetric Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability and Induced Reconnection at the Earth's Magnetospheric Flanks
Authors: Fadanelli S. , Faganello M. , Califano F. , Cerri S. S. , Pegoraro F. , Lavraud B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present a three‐dimensional study of the plasma dynamics at the flank magnetopause of the Earth's magnetosphere during mainly northward interplanetary magnetic field periods. Two‐fluid simulations show that the initial magnetic shear at the magnetopause and the field line bending caused by the dynamics itself (in a configuration taken as representative of the properties of the flank magnetopause) influence both the location where the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability and the induced magnetic reconnection take place and their nonlinear development. The KH vortices develop asymmetrically with respect to the Earth's equatorial plane where the local KH linear growth rate is maximal. Vortex‐driven reconnection processes take place at different latitudes, ranging from the equatorial plane to midlatitude regions but only in the hemisphere that turns out to be the less KH unstable. These results suggest that KH‐induced reconnection is not limited to specific regions around the vortices (inside, below, or above) but may be triggered over a broad and continuous range of locations in the vicinity of the vortices.
MMS Observations of Electrostatic Waves in an Oblique Shock Crossing
Authors: Goodrich Katherine A. , Ergun Robert , Schwartz Steven J. , Wilson Lynn B. , Newman David , Wilder Frederick D. , Holmes Justin , Johlander Andreas , Burch James , Torbert Roy , Khotyaintsev Yuri , Lindqvist Per‐Arne , Strangeway Robert , Russell Christopher , Gershman Daniel , Giles Barbara , Andersson Laila 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh‐resolution particle and wave measurements taken during an oblique bow shock crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission are analyzed. Two regions of differing magnetic behavior are identified within the shock, one with active magnetic fluctuations and one with laminar interplanetary magnetic field topology. A prominent reflected ion population is observed in both regions. The active magnetic region is characterized by large‐amplitude (>100 mV/m) electrostatic solitary waves, electron Bernstein waves, and ion acoustic waves, along with intermittent current activity and localized electron heating. In the region of laminar magnetic field, ion acoustic waves are prominently observed. Solar wind ion deceleration is observed in both regions of active and laminar magnetic field. All observations suggest that solar wind deceleration can occur as a result of multiple independent processes, in this case current and ion‐ion instabilities.