bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Querkrafttragverhalten von großformatigen Spannbetonbalkenelementen mit Plattenbalkenquerschnitt
Authors: Schramm Nicholas , Gehrlein Sebastian , Fischer Oliver 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDie Beschreibung des Querkrafttragverhaltens von Betonbauteilen im Bruchzustand gestaltet sich äußerst komplex, sodass diese Thematik auch heute noch Gegenstand aktueller Forschung ist. Insbesondere zur Erfassung der für Bestandsbrücken charakteristischen Parameter sowie generell für große, baupraktisch relevante Querschnittsabmessungen besteht nach wie vor Forschungsbedarf. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht in diesem Zusammenhang auf die Ergebnisse von großformatigen Querkraftversuchen an Spannbetonbalkenelementen mit plattenbalkenförmigem Querschnitt ein, die als Ergänzung und in Anlehnung an in‐situ‐Querkraftversuche an einer realen, durchlaufenden Spannbetonbrücke durchgeführt wurden. Die Laborversuche an 1,10 m hohen Spannbetonträgerausschnitten wurden dabei unter Anwendung eines innovativen Versuchskonzepts, der sogenannten „Substrukturtechnik“, durchgeführt. Neben der Wirksamkeit von nicht normenkonformer Querkraftbewehrung geht der Fachaufsatz speziell auf den Einfluss der Querschnittsform auf das Querkrafttragverhalten ein und vergleicht die Versuchsergebnisse mit rechnerischen Tragwiderständen aus aktuellen Modellvorstellungen.
TargeTron Technology Applicable in Solventogenic Clostridia: Revisiting 12 Years’ Advances
Authors: Wen Zhiqiang , Lu Minrui , Ledesma‐Amaro Rodrigo , Li Qi , Jin Mingjie , Yang Sheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractClostridium has great potential in industrial application and medical research. But low DNA repair capacity and plasmids transformation efficiency severely delay development and application of genetic tools based on homologous recombination (HR). TargeTron is a gene editing technique dependent on the mobility of group II introns, rather than homologous recombination, which makes it very suitable for gene disruption of Clostridium. The application of TargeTron technology in solventogenic Clostridium is academically reported in 2007 and this tool has been introduced in various clostridia as it is easy to operate, time saving, and reliable. TargeTron has made great progress in solventogenic Clostridium in the aspects of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation pathway modification, important functional genes identification, and xylose metabolic pathway analysis and reconstruction. In the review, 12 years’ advances of TargeTron technology applicable in solventogenic Clostridium, including its principle, technical characteristics, application, and efforts to expand its capabilities, or to avoid potential drawbacks, are revisisted. Some other technologies as putative competitors or collaborators are also discussed. It is believed that TargeTron combined with CRISPR/Cas‐assisted gene/base editing and gene‐expression regulation system will make a better future for clostridial genetic modification.
A Family of Related Fungal and Bacterial Di‐ and Sesterterpenes: Studies on Fusaterpenol and Variediene
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Steiner Simon T. , Bian Guangkai , Chen Rong , Liu Tiangang , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe absolute configuration of fusaterpenol (GJ1012E) has been revised by an enantioselective deuteration strategy. A bifunctional enzyme with a terpene synthase and a prenyltransferase domain from Aspergillus brasiliensis was characterised as variediene synthase, and the absolute configuration of its product was elucidated. The uniform absolute configurations of these and structurally related di‐ and sesterterpenes together with a common stereochemical course for the geminal methyl groups of GGPP unravel a similar conformational fold of the substrate in the active sites of the terpene synthases. For variediene, a thermal reaction observed during GC/MS analysis was studied in detail for which a surprising mechanism was uncovered.
Rational Construction of Z‐Scheme CuInS2/Au/g‐C3N4 Heterostructure: Experimental Results and Theoretical Calculation
Authors: Ye Wenhua , Hu Jisong , Hu Xiaofeng , Zhang Wenhua , Ma Xinguo , Wang Huihu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) heterojunction based on g‐C3N4 and CuInS2(CIS) nanosheets has been successfully constructed with the assistance of biomolecules L‐cysteine. We demonstrated that a typical p–n junction charges transfer mode of CIS/PCN (protonated g‐C3N4) can be switched to Z‐scheme transfer mode through the integration of Au by weakening the role of built‐in electric field. The morphology of CIS/Au/PCN can be well adjusted through the formation of Au−S covalent bond and the electrostatic adsorption between Au and PCN during the hydrothermal process. Furthermore, the intimate interface contact inside CIS/Au/PCN heterojunction was indeed constructed, which may promote the charges separation and transfer process at the interface as evidenced by ESR spectra and time‐resolved PL spectra. Under visible light illumination, the CIS/Au/PCN exhibited an enhanced CO (19.46 μmol/g) and CH4 (1.18 μmol/g) yield in CO2 reduction, which was about 5.04 times and 2.03 times higher than pure PCN. The composite heterojunction also showed excellent photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation with a 87 % degradation efficiency in 1 hour, which was 2.07 times higher than pure PCN. The experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrated that an all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme heterojunction was formed in the CIS/Au/PCN system, which was different from the typical p–n junction charges transfer mechanism in CIS/PCN.
Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C3N3O Materials
Authors: Barrio Jesús , Karjule Neeta , Qin Jiani , Shalom Menny 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report the synthesis of new photoactive carbon nitride polymers with high oxygen content (CNO) at low calcination temperatures (300–400 °C). To do so, we designed new carbon‐ and oxygen‐rich supramolecular assemblies as reactants. The starting monomers’ composition allows the formation of photoactive CNO semiconductors with extended absorption and ordered morphologies. Interestingly, at these reaction temperatures, the chemical structure of the starting monomers is partially retained, opening a path for the transfer of properties from the molecular level to the final CN materials after condensation. The new CNO polymers exhibit good photoactivity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction and rhodamine B dye degradation.
In Situ Evaluation of Anticancer Monoclonal Antibody Nivolumab‐DNA Interaction Using a DNA‐Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Machini Wesley B. S. , Marques Nuno V. , Oliveira‐Brett Ana Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe cancer treatment based on monoclonal antibodies has become one of the most successful therapeutic strategies. Among the monoclonal antibodies, nivolumab (NIVO) stands out as being a relatively new anticancer drug. The NIVO‐dsDNA interaction was evaluated, in incubated solutions, by differential pulse voltammetry, UV‐Visible spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis, and in situ with dsDNA‐, poly[G]‐ or poly[A]‐electrochemical biosensors, by differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance. The interfacial behaviour of the dsDNA‐electrochemical biosensor was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The NIVO‐dsDNA interaction mechanism caused, for shorter times, the binding of the NIVO to DNA, resulting in a NIVO‐dsDNA complex, and for longer times, the relaxation/unwinding of this complex structure. The monoclonal antibody NIVO did not promote oxidative damage to DNA.
Zn–Co Sulfide Microflowers Anchored on Three‐Dimensional Graphene: A High‐Capacitance and Long‐Cycle‐Life Electrode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Deng Qianwen , Tian Zhen , Wang Xiaomin , Yang Zhewei , Wu Yucheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractZinc–cobalt double‐metal sulfides (ZCS) as Faradic electrode materials with high energy density have great potential for supercapacitors, but their poor transfer efficiency for electrons and ions hinders their electrochemical response. Herein, ZnCo2(CO3)1.5(OH)3@ZCS microflower hybrid arrays consisting of thin nanolayer petals were anchored on three‐dimensional graphene (ZnCo2(CO3)1.5(OH)3@ZCS/3DG) by a simple hydrothermal method and additional ion‐exchange process. A ZnCo2(CO3)1.5(OH)3@ZCS/3DG electrode delivered high capacitance (2228 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and long cycling life (85.7 % retention after 17 000 cycles), which are ascribed to the multicomponent structural design. The 3DG conductive substrate improves the electron‐transfer dynamics of the electrode material. Meanwhile, the microflowers consisting of thin nanolayer petals could not only provide many active sites for ions to improve the capacitance, but also alleviate the volume expansion to ensure the structural stability. Furthermore, an all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor based on a ZnCo2(CO3)1.5(OH)3@ZCS/3DG electrode achieved a high energy density of 27 W h kg−1 at 528.3 W kg−1 and exhibits exceptional cyclic stability for 23 000 cycles. Its ability to light a blue LED for 9 min verified the feasibility of its application for energy storage devices.
In Situ Growth of Hierarchical Ni‐Mn‐O Solid Solution on a Flexible and Porous Ni Electrode for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Huan , Li Xiaofeng , Yang Jing , Deng Zhiming , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo endow all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density, cycling stability, and flexibility, we design a binder‐free supercapacitor electrode by in situ growth of well‐distributed broccoli‐like Ni0.75Mn0.25O/C solid solution arrays on a flexible and three‐dimensional Ni current collector (3D‐Ni). The electrode consists of a bottom layer of compressed but still porous Ni foam with excellent flexibility and high electrical conductivity, an intermediate layer of interconnected Ni nanoparticles providing a large specific surface area for loading of active substances, and a top layer of vertically aligned mesoporous nanosheets of a Ni0.75Mn0.25O/C solid solution. The resultant 3D‐Ni/Ni0.75Mn0.25O/C cathode exhibits a specific capacitance of 1657.6 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and shows no degradation of the capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 3 mA cm−2. The assembled 3D‐Ni/Ni0.75Mn0.25O/C//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor has a high specific capacitance of 797.7 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 and an excellent cycling stability with 85.3 % of capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 3 mA cm−2. The energy density and power density of the asymmetric supercapacitor are up to 6.6 mW h cm−3 and 40.8 mW cm−3, respectively, indicating a fairly promising future of the flexible 3D‐Ni/Ni0.75Mn0.25O/C electrode for efficient energy storage applications.
Photophysics and Inverted Solvatochromism of 7,7,8,8‐Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)
Authors: Tamaya Honami , Torii Yuto , Ishikawa Takumi , Nakano Hideyuki , Iimori Toshifumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy of 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in a variety of solvents. The fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) of linear alkane solutions are similar to one another, but QY is shown to acutely decrease in other solvents with increasing polarities. The slope of the solvatochromic plot of absorption maxima is inverted from negative to positive with an increase in solvent polarity. A significant change in the frequency of carbon‐carbon double bond stretching modes is not observed in Raman spectra of TCNQ in different solvents. The molar absorption coefficient is determined to calculate the oscillator strength of the absorption band. The radiative decay rate constant calculated from the oscillator strength is approximately ten times larger than that elucidated from the fluorescence lifetime and QY. These spectroscopic parameters reveal that the relaxation occurs from a Franck‐Condon excited state to a distinct fluorescence emissive state with a smaller transition dipole moment.
Fully Recyclable Bio‐Based Thermoplastic Materials from Liquefied Wood
Authors: Ruiz M. Pilar , Mijnders Janine , Tweehuysen Rogier , Warnet Laurent , van Drongelen Martin , Kersten Sascha R. A. , Lange Jean‐Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel, low‐cost, and fully recyclable thermoplastic material is produced from liquefied lignocellulosic biomass and natural fibers. The matrix, which is the heavy fraction of the liquefaction product, is characterized in terms of molecular weight distribution, density, viscosity, softening point and tensile strength. It is possible to increase the mechanical strength of the matrix by a factor of up to 100 by reinforcing it with flax fibers. Specifically, the tensile strength increased from 0.4 MPa for the non‐reinforced matrix, to 55 MPa for the matrix/flax composite with a fiber content of 20 wt %. These values are comparable to conventional thermoplastics, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl chloride, or polystyrene.
A parasitic insensitive passive switched‐capacitor interpolation finite impulse response filter
Authors: Nakhi Amirreza , Jannesari Abumoslem 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes a passive switched‐capacitor (SC) interpolation finite impulse response (IFIR) filter designed with complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 0.18‐μm technology. Comparing with previous works in analog and digital domain, this filter consumes less power and takes advantage of passive SC circuits, providing high bandwidth and linearity. In addition, offset variation, which is distinctly observed in preceding works, and alteration in the pole, caused by output parasitic capacitance, are no longer present in the proposed filters. Also, a 15‐tap IFIR filter with interpolation factor of 5 has been introduced in the paper, which is able to fully remove the effect of output parasitic capacitance. This filter, which is differentially designed, increases the sampling rate from 25 to 125 MHz and features P1dB and noise figure (NF) of −5 dBm and 20 dB, respectively. The result of process and temperature variation tests as well as Monte Carlo simulation performed for the circuit truly confirms the excellent performance of the filter. The highest image tone observed in the spectrum is below −57 dB, and the fixed pattern noise tone generated by charge injection, offset voltage, and its variation has been decreased to −65 dB. Moreover, the effect of clock feed through, capacitor mismatch, and clock phase mismatch as well as thorough and informative noise analysis has been presented for giving a better insight into nonidealities. This paper also analyzes the sensitivity of the position of notches to coefficient variation and enables optimization for reduced sensitivity.
Non‐paraxial theory of self‐focusing/defocusing of Hermite cosh Gaussian laser beam in rippled density plasmas
Authors: Pathak Nidhi , Kaur Manpreet , Kaur Sukhdeep , Gill T. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPresent research work focuses on study of self‐focusing and self‐trapping of Hermite cosh Gaussian (HchG) laser beams in rippled density plasma by considering relativistic non‐linearity. The coupled non‐linear differential equations for the beam width parameters (for modes m = 0, 1, and 2) were derived by employing higher‐order correction in comparison to paraxial ray theory by expanding dielectric function and eikonal up to r4 terms. It is observed that the inclusion of higher‐order terms significantly influence the off‐axial properties for m ≥ 1 mode indices. Furthermore, the effect of parameters including beam intensity, ripple factor, depth of density modulation, and decentred parameter on self‐focusing and self‐trapping is analysed and discussed both analytically and numerically.
Odd clipping optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for VLC system
Authors: Ibrahim Asmaa , Ismail Tawfik , Elsayed Khaled , Darweesh M. Saeed 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has emerged as one of the promising techniques because of its robustness to multipath fading with high‐speed data transmission. Classical bipolar OFDM cannot be used in intensity modulated with direct detection (IM/DD) optical communication systems, as visible light communication (VLC), so many optical modulation techniques as asymmetrical clipped optical OFDM (ACO‐OFDM) and DC‐Clipped OFDM (DCO‐OFDM) have been investigated. In this paper, we introduce a novel optical modulation scheme that meets the optical communications requirements. The proposed odd clipping optical OFDM technique (OCO‐OFDM) is based on the Fourier transform symmetry properties in which the imaginary and odd signal is converted to odd and real valued signal. As a result of this work, the proposed OCO‐OFDM and its modified version have several benefits over ACO‐OFDM and DCO‐OFDM. By introducing a better bit error rate, with the same spectral efficiency as DCO‐OFDM and the same power efficiency as ACO‐OFDM for real valued modulation technique as Binary Phase‐Shift Keying (BPSK), and with the same spectral efficiency and power efficiency as ACO‐OFDM for complex valued modulation technique as Quadrature Phase‐Shift Keying (QPSK) and Eight Phase‐Shift Keying (8PSK).
Microfluidic capillary zone electrophoresis mass spectrometry analysis of alkaloids in Lobelia cardinalis transgenic and mutant plant cell cultures
Authors: Kelley Zachary D. , Rogers D. Trent , Littleton John M. , Lynn Bert C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractApplication of a microfluidic CE* device for CZE‐MS allows for fast, rapid, and in‐depth analysis of large sample sets. This microfluidic CZE‐MS device, the 908 Devices ZipChip, involves minimal sample preparation and is ideal for small cation analytes, such as alkaloids. Here, we evaluated the microfluidic device for the analysis of alkaloids from Lobelia cardinalis hairy root cultures. Extracts from wild‐type, transgenic, and selected mutant plant cultures were analyzed and data batch processed using the mass spectral processing software MZmine2 and the statistical software Prism 8. In total 139 features were detected as baseline resolved peaks via the MZmine2 software optimized for the electrophoretic separations. Statistically significant differences in the relative abundance of the primary alkaloid lobinaline (C27H34N2), along with several putative “lobinaline‐like” molecules were observed utilizing this approach. Additionally, a method for performing both targeted and untargeted MS/MS experiments using the microfluidic device was developed and evaluated. Coupling data‐processing software with CZE‐MS data acquisition has enabled comprehensive metabolomic profiles from plant cell cultures to be constructed within a single working day.
Zeta potentials of PDMS surfaces modified with poly(ethylene glycol) by physisorption
Authors: Song Yongxin , Feng Angran , Liu Zhijian , Li Dongqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractControlling zeta potential of PDMS surface coated with a layer of PEG is important for electroosmosis and electrophoresis in PDMS made microfluidic chips. Here, zeta potentials of PDMS surfaces modified by simple physisorption of PEG of different concentrations in phosphate buffer solutions, pure water, and PEG solution were reported. Coating PEG on PDMS surfaces was achieved by immersing a PDMS layer into the PEG solution for 10 min and then taking it out and placing it in an oven at 80℃ for 10 h. To avoid damaging the PEG layer on the PDMS surface, an induction current method was employed for zeta potential measurement. Zeta potentials of PEG modified PDMS in electrolyte solutions were measured. The results show that 2.5% PEG can effectively modify PDMS surface with positive zeta potential value in phosphate buffer solutions, pure water and 10% PEG solution. Further increase in PEG solution beyond 5% for surface modification has no obvious effect on zeta potential change.
An efficient approach to improving fire retardancy and smoke suppression for intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites via incorporating organo‐modified sepiolite
Authors: de Juan Sergio , Zhang Junhao , Acuña Pablo , Nie Shibin , Liu Zhiqi , Zhang Wen , Luisa Puertas María , Esteban‐Cubillo Antonio , Santarén Julio , Wang De‐Yi 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn this work, an efficient approach to improving the fire retardancy and smoke suppression for intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene (PP) composites is developed via incorporating functionalized sepiolite (organo‐modified sepiolite [ONSep]). The PP composites with different amounts of intumescent flame retardants and ONSep were prepared by melt compounding. The morphology, thermal behavior, fire retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical property of flame‐retardant PP composites were studied. The results indicate an appropriate amount of ONSep in the flame‐retardant PP composites can increase thermal degradation temperature and char formation as well as a reduction of the peak heat release rate and total heat release; moreover, the addition of ONSep significantly decreases the CO production, total smoke production, smoke production rate, and smoke temperature. Simultaneously, the impact strength of intumescent flame‐retardant PP composite is also maintained by introducing an appropriate amount of ONSep as compared with that without ONSep.
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. against Aeromonas in culture medium and in frozen pork
Authors: Xu Feng , Cao Shifeng , Wang Chunxing , Wang Kaikai , Wei Yingying , Shao Xingfeng , Wang Hongfei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. against Aeromonas in vitro were investigated, and the effect of flavonoid treatment on the quality of fresh pork during frozen storage for 6 months was also explored. The results showed that kaempferol, quercetin dihydrate, and catechin were the most predominant flavonoids from S. aizoon L. Flavonoids exhibited antibacterial activity to Aeromonas in vitro, which caused membrane damage, disruption of the bacterial surface, and internal ultrastructure, and resulted in the leakage of reducing sugars and proteins. Meanwhile, flavonoid treatment retarded the microbial growth and deteriorates of pork characteristics, including pH value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), texture, and sensory evaluation during frozen storage, thereby prolonged the shelf life. Their results suggested that flavonoids from S. aizoon L. offer a promising choice for food safety and preservation.