bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misperceiving grandiose narcissism as self‐esteem: Why narcissists are well liked at zero acquaintance
Authors: Giacomin Miranda , Jordan Christian H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe examine why people form positive first impressions of grandiose narcissists, even though they can identify others’ narcissism. We test whether this occurs because narcissists are perceived to have especially high self‐esteem, which is socially valued.MethodAcross four studies, undergraduate perceivers viewed photographs of targets (for whom narcissism and self‐esteem were known) and rated perceptions of their narcissism and self‐esteem, as well as how much they liked them.ResultsPerceivers rated more narcissistic targets to be higher in self‐esteem (even compared to targets with equally high self‐esteem) and liked them more. Perceptions of self‐esteem, moreover, mediated the effect of target narcissism on liking (Study 1). This effect disappeared when targets’ narcissism was made salient, suggesting that trait narcissism is not inherently attractive (Study 2). Finally, path models revealed a negative effect of perceptions of narcissism on liking that was suppressed by a positive effect of perceptions of self‐esteem on liking (Study 3a), even for ratings of people’s online dating profiles (Study 3b).ConclusionsPositive initial impressions of narcissists may be driven by inflated perceptions that they have high self‐esteem.
The stages of mass mobilization: separate phenomena and distinct causal mechanisms
Authors: Shultziner Doron , Goldberg Sarah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe notion that mass mobilization has analytically important stages is underappreciated in the literature. This paper proposes an approach that decomposes mass mobilization into three main phenomena: origins, protest and outcome. Each stage is characterized by unique factors and mechanisms. Accordingly, the research questions pertaining to each stage are dealt with by multiple levels of analysis and alternative explanations, allowing theory testing and theory development. The paper highlights separate causal mechanisms that operate in the emergence of grievances and protest motivation during the origins stage; mechanisms involving different forms of pressure, organization, psychological processes, and external forces during the protest stage; and mechanisms pertaining to key players and strategies that determine outcomes of mass mobilization. We illustrate that certain factors and mechanisms which are key in one stage have little or no causal relevance in the other stages. Other factors and mechanisms may also dramatically change in content, meaning or configuration between the stages. This theoretical approach facilitates the integration of a large and diverse body of scholarship into a structured analysis of mass mobilization that allows for both a detailed case study as well as comparison of stages across mass protests. The analysis of stages and causal mechanisms is illustrated across cases of democratization, revolution, and protest within democracy.
Congenital tufted angioma: A multicenter retrospective study of 30 cases
Authors: Feito‐Rodríguez Marta , Sánchez‐Orta Alba , De Lucas Raúl , López‐Gutiérrez Juan Carlos , Ruiz‐Bravo Elena , Baselga Eulalia , Victoria Ana M. , Hernández‐Martín Angela , Campos‐Domínguez Minia , Berenguer Fröhner Beatriz , Garnacho‐Saucedo Gloria , Vera Casaño Angel , Vicente Villa Asunción , Bernabeu‐Wittel José , Kutzner Heinz , Requena Luis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports indicate that tufted angioma is a rare vascular neoplasm that manifests more frequently at birth than previously thought. Few studies specifically address congenital presentation.ObjectivesWe analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics, clinical course, and treatment of congenital tufted angioma (cTA) and evaluated variables that were indicative of problematic lesions.MethodsWe performed an observational retrospective study of 30 patients with cTA in 9 Spanish hospitals over a 14‐year period. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies were performed.ResultsCongenital tufted angioma mainly affected the limbs (56.67%), followed by the face and/or neck (23.33%). Almost three‐quarters of facial cTA were located over the mandibular area. Immunohistochemically, proliferating cells expressed markers of endothelial cells, with some clusters of cells, especially at the periphery of the aggregates, showing positivity for podoplanin. As no associated complications were observed in 66.67% of cases, no treatment was started.LimitationsData were collected retrospectively.ConclusionsOur findings emphasize the clinical features and course of cTA. The possibility of cTA should be considered when a poorly defined congenital infiltrative vascular tumor with(out) overlying hirsutism appears over the mandibular area. Location on the face and/or neck requires a more comprehensive workup, since potentially severe complications often appear early.
Recalcitrant alopecia areata responsive to leflunomide and anthralin—Potentially undiscovered JAK/STAT inhibitors?
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Gupta Aastha , Gautam Ram K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral treatment modalities are available for the management of alopecia areata (AA); however, no therapy is universally effective and treatment can be frustrating in severe cases, with low response and high recurrence rates. Recent studies show that the JAK/STAT pathway plays a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease by determining the crosstalk between the infiltrating CD8+ T cells and the hair follicles, suggesting a role of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of AA. However, reports on the off‐label use of these more expensive targeted agents have shown variable results. We present a case of a child with recalcitrant ophiasis‐pattern AA who had failed steroid therapy and was treated successfully with leflunomide and anthralin, possibly by the synergistic effect on the JAK/STAT pathway inhibition, and we propose this combination could be a cost‐effective therapeutic option for recalcitrant AA.
An Agent‐Based Model for Pathogen Persistence and Cross‐Contamination Dynamics in a Food Facility
Authors: Mokhtari Amir , Van Doren Jane M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe used an agent‐based modeling (ABM) framework and developed a mathematical model to explain the complex dynamics of microbial persistence and spread within a food facility and to aid risk managers in identifying effective mitigation options. The model explicitly considered personal hygiene practices by food handlers as well as their activities and simulated a spatially explicit dynamic system representing complex interaction patterns among food handlers, facility environment, and foods. To demonstrate the utility of the model in a decision‐making context, we created a hypothetical case study and used it to compare different risk mitigation strategies for reducing contamination and spread of Listeria monocytogenes in a food facility. Model results indicated that areas with no direct contact with foods (e.g., loading dock and restroom) can serve as contamination niches and recontaminate areas that have direct contact with food products. Furthermore, food handlers’ behaviors, including, for example, hygiene and sanitation practices, can impact the persistence of microbial contamination in the facility environment and the spread of contamination to prepared foods. Using this case study, we also demonstrated benefits of an ABM framework for addressing food safety in a complex system in which emergent system‐level responses are predicted using a bottom‐up approach that observes individual agents (e.g., food handlers) and their behaviors. Our model can be applied to a wide variety of pathogens, food commodities, and activity patterns to evaluate efficacy of food‐safety management practices and quantify contamination reductions associated with proposed mitigation strategies in food facilities.
Antimicrobial peptides activity in the skin
Authors: Herman Anna , Herman Andrzej P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis review presents the current state of knowledge regarding multifunctional role of human skin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including (a) protection from microbial infection, (b) improvement of skin barrier homoeostasis, (c) modulation of inflammation responses, and (d) promotion of wound healing. In addition, association of AMPs with skin diseases as well as challenges and future prospects for AMP therapeutics has also been discussed.
Impact of hepatitis E virus testing on the safety of blood components in Germany – results of a simulation study
Authors: Kamp Christel , Blümel Johannes , Baylis Sally A. , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle , Chudy Michael , Heiden Margarethe , Henseler Olaf , Keller‐Stanislawski Brigitte , de Vos Anneke S. , Funk Markus B. 
Published: October 2018

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections may be acquired through transfusion of blood components. As transfusion‐transmitted infections mostly affect vulnerable individuals, measures to ensure the supply of safe blood components are under discussion. On the basis of the epidemiological situation in Germany, different testing strategy scenarios were investigated through simulation studies. Testing for HEV RNA by nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT) assays with a pool size of 96, and a 95% LoD of 20 IU/ml will result in an 80% reduction in expected HEV transmissions as well as of consequent chronic infections with subsequent severe complications.
Establishing performance management objectives and measurements of red blood cell inventory planning in a large tertiary care hospital in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Pi David , Shih Andrew W. , Sham Lawrence , Zamar David , Roland Kristine , Hudoba Monika 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTraditional key performance indicators (KPIs) for red blood cell (RBC) inventory management such as blood shortage rate (BSR) and outdate rate (ODR) alone are observed to be insensitive for large hospitals, often due to fluctuating demands and rapid turnover. We hypothesized that improvement in complementary KPIs for RBC supply chains, including age of blood as a surrogate for the pre‐hospital and in‐hospital supply chains, may further improve efficiency.MethodsRed blood cell supply, inventory and disposition data from a large tertiary care hospital blood bank were retrospectively assessed from June 2014 to 2015 as the baseline period. From June 2015 to 2016, (1) collaboration with the blood supplier to improve logistics and (2) a ‘demand‐driven inventory planning policy’ (DDIP) to determine better inventory levels aided by discrete‐event simulation modelling were instituted. Age of blood transfused (ABT) was chosen as the main KPI for the efficiency of the entire RBC supply chain.ResultsImprovements in age of blood received (ABR) led to the greatest efficiency gains. Reduction in ABT (28.7 ± 8.8 days vs. 22.1 ± 9.5 days, P < 0.01), ABR (19.4 ± 8.8 days vs. 13.4 ± 7.0 days, P < 0.01), inventory‐to‐transfusion ratio (P < 0.01), O‐negative RBC utilization (7.4 vs. 6.4 units/day, P < 0.01) and ODR (P < 0.01) compared to the baseline period was observed without a significant increase in BSR.ConclusionCollaboration with the blood supplier to improve logistics, implementation of DDIP to determine better inventory levels and use of KPIs other than BSR and ODR led to inventory efficiency gains in a large tertiary care hospital blood bank.
Thoracoscopic‐assisted lung lobectomy in cat cadavers using a resorbable self‐locking ligation device
Authors: Nylund Adam M. , Höglund Odd V. , Fransson Boel A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the maximum pressure sustained by airways sealed with a resorbable ligation device (LigaTie) and with thoracoabdominal (TA) staples during thoracoscopic‐assisted hilar lung lobectomies.Study designIn situ cadaveric study.AnimalsTen feline cadavers.MethodsTwenty lung lobectomies were performed with either a LigaTie or a TA stapler (n = 10 per group) by using a thoracoscopic‐assisted technique. Procedures were randomly performed on the cranial lung lobes only. The distance between the ligation and the hilus was measured on each specimen. Airway pressures were tested to a maximum pressure of 40 cmH2O.ResultsAll LigaTie sites reached a maximum airway pressure without leaking and were easily placed at the hilus. Four of 10 TA stapled sites leaked at a mean pressure of 22 cmH2O (P = .010). All leaks occurred when the TA staple line was >5 mm from the hilus; no leaks occurred when the TA staple line was ≤5 mm from the hilus (P < .001). No difference was found between fresh and frozen cadavers (P = .483) or right vs left lung lobe (P = .284).ConclusionLung lobectomies were consistently performed at the hilus only when the LigaTie was used. Lung lobectomies were less likely to leak when performed with the LigaTie rather compared with TA staples.Clinical significanceThe LigaTie may be an effective alternative for lung lobectomies at the pulmonary hilus in cats and small breed dogs. Our findings provide justification for additional clinical testing.
Electrical stimulation disrupts biofilms in a human wound model and reveals the potential for monitoring treatment response with volatile biomarkers
Authors: Ashrafi Mohammed , Novak‐Frazer Lilyann , Morris Julie , Baguneid Mohamed , Rautemaa‐Richardson Riina , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractManagement of biofilm infections relies on time‐consuming laboratory techniques and monitoring treatment by subjective clinical evaluations. Due to these limitations, there is a need to explore alternative strategies. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of using volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers to monitor treatment response and measure anti‐biofilm efficacy of electrical stimulation (ES) in vitro and in human cutaneous wound biofilm models. Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) biofilms were exposed to ES, ciprofloxacin, or both, with efficacy assessed and quantified by fluorescence staining, enumeration, metabolic assays, and biomass quantification; VOCs were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In vitro MSSA and PA and ex vivo PA biofilms exposed to ES showed significantly reduced bacterial viability, metabolic activity, and biomass compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was significant variation in the relative abundance of VOCs in in vitro MSSA and PA and in ex vivo PA biofilms exposed to ES and antibiotic (p < 0.05). 2‐methyl‐1‐propanol was associated with MSSA viability (R = 0.93, p < 0.05), biomass (R = 0.97, p < 0.05), and metabolic activity (R = 0.93, p < 0.05) and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol was associated with PA biomass (R = 0.93, p < 0.05). We showed that ES and VOC biomarkers are possible options for alternative nonpharmacological antimicrobial management of biofilms and noninvasive monitoring of wound infection treatment responses, respectively.
Intercellular Ca2+ signalling in the adult mouse cochlea
Authors: Sirko Piotr , Gale Jonathan E , Ashmore Jonathan F 
Published: October 2018

Key points
Intercellular Ca2+ waves are increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels that propagate between cells.
Periodic Ca2+ waves have been linked to gene regulation and are thought to play a crucial role in the development of our hearing epithelium, the organ of Corti and the acquisition of hearing.
We observed regular periodic intercellular Ca2+ waves in supporting cells of an ex vivo preparation of the adult mouse organ of Corti, and these waves were found to propagate independently of extracellular ATP and were inhibited by the gap junction blockers 1‐octanol and carbenoxolone.
Our results establish that the existence of periodic Ca2+ waves in the organ of Corti is not restricted to the prehearing period.
AbstractWe have investigated wave‐like cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) signalling in an ex vivo preparation of the adult mouse organ of Corti. Two types of intercellular Ca2+ waves that differ in propagation distance and speed were observed. One type was observed to travel up to 100 μm with an average velocity of 7 μm/s. Such waves were initiated by local tissue damage in the outer hair cell region. The propagation distance was decreased when the purinergic receptor antagonists pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonic acid (PPADS; 50 μm) or suramin (150 μm) were added to the extracellular buffer. Immunocytochemical analysis and experiments with calcium indicator dyes showed that both P2X and P2Y receptors were present in supporting cells. A second class of waves identified to travel longitudinally along the organ of Corti propagated at a lower velocity of 1–3 μm/s. These ‘slow’ Ca2+ waves were particularly evident in the inner sulcus and Deiters’ cells. They travelled for distances of up to 500 μm. The slow Ca2+ signalling varied periodically (approximately one wave every 10 min) and was maintained for more than 3 h. The slow waves were not affected by apyrase, or by the P2 receptor agonists suramin (150 μm) or PPADS (50 μm) but were blocked by the connexin channel blockers octanol (1 mm) and carbenoxolone (100 μm). It is proposed that the observed Ca2+ waves might be a physiological response to a change in extracellular environment and may be involved in critical gene regulation activities in the supporting cells of the cochlea.
Reappraisal of the suitability of corneas from bacteremic donors for use in corneal transplants
Authors: Chu Hsiao-Sang , Lai Chun-Ting , Hou Yu-Chih , Liu Hsin-Yu , Wang I-Jong , Chen Wei-Li , Shih Chung-Liang , Hu Fung-Rong 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThis study examined whether corneas from bacteremic donors could be used for corneal transplant.MethodsCorneas donated to the National Eye Bank of Taiwan between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2017 were included in this study. All the corneas had corneoscleral rim cultures during the retrieval process and were hypothermic preserved in the Optisol-GS storage medium. A microbial work-up flow chart was used for the sterility check of all grafts. Bacteremic donors were defined as those whose last blood culture before corneal donation was positive. The microbial contamination rates, the endothelial cell densities, the tissue utility rates and early complications after transplants were compared between the corneas from bacteremic versus non-bacteremic donors.Results697 corneas from 356 donors were analysed, 70 of which were from bacteremic donors. The microbial contamination rates of the corneas from bacteremic and non-bacteremic donors (7.1% vs 9.1%)(p=0.30) were close. None of the contaminated corneas grew the same bacterial strains as those from their blood cultures. The corneas from bacteremic donors and non-bacteremic donors have similar endothelial cell densities (2931±297 cells/mm2 vs 2903 ± 470 cells/mm2) (p=0.63). Corneas from bacteremic and non-bacteremic donors shared a similar utility rate (98.6% vs 99.4%)(p=0.41). None of the corneas caused infectious complications after transplants.ConclusionOur study showed that corneas from bacteremic and non-bacteremic donors have equally low contamination rates and are of the same quality in terms of endothelial cell density and safety.
Cardiovascular biomarkers predict fragility fractures in older adults
Authors: Johansson Madeleine , Ricci Fabrizio , Di Martino Giuseppe , Rogmark Cecilia , Sutton Richard , Hamrefors Viktor , Melander Olle , Fedorowski Artur 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the role of four biomarkers of neuroendocrine activation and endothelial dysfunction in the longitudinal prediction of fragility fractures.MethodsWe analysed a population-based prospective cohort of 5415 community-dwelling individuals (mean age, 68.9±6.2 years) enrolled in the Malmö Preventive Project followed during 8.1±2.9 years, and investigated the longitudinal association between C-terminal pro-arginine vasopressin (CT-proAVP), C-terminal endothelin-1 precursor fragment (CT-proET-1), the mid-regional fragments of pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and incident vertebral, pelvic and extremity fractures.ResultsOverall, 1030 (19.0%) individuals suffered vertebral, pelvic or extremity fracture. They were older (70.7±5.8 vs 68.4±6.3 years), more likely women (46.9% vs 26.3%), had lower body mass index and diastolic blood pressure, were more often on antihypertensive treatment (44.1% vs 38.4%) and had more frequently history of fracture (16.3% vs 8.1%). Higher levels of MR-proADM (adjusted HR (aHR) per 1 SD: 1.51, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.28, p<0.001) and MR-proANP (aHR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.45, p<0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of any fracture. The fracture risk increased linearly across MR-proANP quartiles. Individuals who were in the top quartile of all four biomarkers had a significant higher risk of fracture at any site (aHR: 2.32, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.91), vertebral fracture (aHR: 3.16, 95% CI 1.97 to 5.07) and femoral fracture (aHR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.64 to 3.36).ConclusionsElevated levels of MR-proADM and MR-proANP independently predict fragility fractures in older adults. In subjects with top quartile levels of all four biomarkers there is a twofold to threefold increase in risk of vertebral and femoral fractures.
Association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xia Yi , Liang Yan , Guo Shi , Yu Jie-Gen , Tang Meng-Sha , Xu Peng-Hui , Qin Fen-Dui , Wang Guo-Pin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurpose of the studyThe aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to derive precise estimation of the association of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2), IL-12 beta (IL-12B), IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α polymorphisms with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility.Study designA systematic literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies. Pooled OR with 95% CI was calculated to assess the strength of the association in a fixed or random-effects model.ResultsA total of 13 917 cases and 19 849 controls in 43 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. Seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the abovementioned five cytokine genes were evaluated. The results indicate that the nine SNPs (rs11209026, rs1004819, rs10489629, rs11465804, rs1343151, rs11209032, rs1495965, rs7517847, rs2201841) of IL-23R are associated with AS susceptibility in all study subjects in the allelic model. Moreover, stratification by ethnicity identified a significant association between seven SNPs of IL-23R and AS susceptibility in Europeans and Americans, but not in Asians. In addition, the IL-10–819  C/T and TNF-α−857 C/T polymorphisms also confer susceptibility to AS, especially in Asian population.ConclusionThe results suggested that the genetic susceptibility for AS is associated with the nine SNPs of IL-23R in overall population. In the subgroup analysis, significant associations were shown in European and American population, but not in Asian population. Our results also suggest that IL-10–819  C/T and TNF-α−857 C/T polymorphism might be associated with AS risk, especially in Asian population.