bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cystine Levels and Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Suzuki Shota , Shino Midori , Fujikawa Tetsuya , Itoh Yoko , Ueda Eiko , Hashimoto Tatsuo , Kuji Tadashi , Kobayashi Naoyuki , Ohnishi Toshimasa , Hirawa Nobuhito , Tamura Kouichi , Toya Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOxidative stress accelerates the development of cardiovascular disease. Plasma cystine, a thiol oxidative stress marker, is related to several established factors for cardiovascular disease risk and prognosis. Although a comprehensive oxidative stress index is clinically required for hemodialysis patients with high oxidative stress, there are few reports concerning thiol oxidative stress markers predicting their prognosis. We investigated the relationship between plasma amino acids including cystine levels and cardiovascular disease‐related and all‐cause mortality in 132 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Higher cystine levels were associated with old age, longer hemodialysis duration, hemodialysis‐associated hypotension, higher cardiothoracic ratio, higher blood urea nitrogen, and lower ankle‐brachial index. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high plasma cystine was independently related with both cardiovascular disease mortality and all‐cause mortality. Thus, high plasma cystine levels predict the prognosis of hemodialysis patients. High cystine levels necessitate a careful investigation for the cause of oxidative stress and comorbidities like vascular injury.
The moderating effect of laissez‐faire leadership on the relationship between co‐worker conflicts and new cases of workplace bullying: A true prospective design
Authors: Ågotnes Kari Wik , Einarsen Ståle Valvatne , Hetland Jørn , Skogstad Anders 
Published: July 2018

In line with the work environment hypothesis, interpersonal conflict has been proposed as an important antecedent of workplace bullying. However, longitudinal studies on this relationship have been scarce. The aim of this study was to examine whether co‐worker conflict predicted new cases of self‐reported workplace bullying 2 years later and whether laissez‐faire leadership moderated this relationship. In a sample of 1,772 employees, drawn from the Norwegian working population, the hypotheses that co‐worker conflict increased the risk of subsequently reporting being a victim of workplace bullying and that laissez‐faire leadership strengthened this relationship were supported. This study empirically supports the work environment hypothesis by showing that co‐worker conflict within a true prospective research design is a source of new cases of bullying and that the lack and avoidance of leadership, through the enactment of a laissez‐faire leadership style, likely is a main source for co‐worker conflict to develop into workplace bullying.
Evaluation of low bone mass and prediction of fracture risk using metacarpal radiogrammetry method: a comparative study withDXAand X‐ray phantom
Authors: Ashok Kumar Devaraj , Anburajan Mariamicheal , Snekhalatha Umapathy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectives(i) To predict the future risk of osteoporotic fracture in women using a simple forearm radiograph. (ii) To assess osteoporosis in southern Indian women by using radiogrammetric technique in comparison with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and X‐ray phantom study.MethodsThe bone mineral density (BMD) of the right proximal femur byDXAand the X‐ray measurements were acquired from the right forearm. The combined cortical thickness at the second to fourth metacarpal region (M‐CCT), radius (R‐CCT) and ulna (U‐CCT) were derived in all the studied population. The aluminium phantom study was conducted by varying the X‐ray source to film distance at 100 cm and 150 cm, respectively. The feed forward back propagation neural network was used for classification of low bone mass group and normal.ResultsThe combined cortical thickness of M‐CCT, R‐CCTand U‐CCTof the total studied population was strongly correlated withDXAfemur Th.BMDmeasurements (r = 0.77,r = 0.61 andr = 0.59 [P < 0.01]). The predicted future osteoporotic fracture risk for the low bone mass group, post‐menopausal women and old‐aged women population was found to be 92%, 62.8%, and 64.7%, respectively. The accuracy of neural network classifier for training set, testing set was found to be 97.5% and 87.5% in the studied population.ConclusionThe results suggested that M‐CCTand M‐CCT(%) at the second metacarpal region are useful in predicting the future risk of osteoporotic fracture in women. The aluminium phantom study with an X‐ray tube to film distance of 100 cm mimics an exact condition of forearm radiogrammetry.
Interstitial lung disease in non‐sicca onset primary Sjögren's syndrome: a large‐scale case‐control study
Authors: Gao Hui , Zou Ya‐dan , Zhang Xue‐wu , He Jing , Zhang Jing , Sun Ye , Li Zhan‐guo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis study investigated the common initial clinical presentations of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and explored differences between sicca and non‐sicca onset pSS‐ILD patients.MethodA total of 1341 SS patients hospitalized between 2003 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Of them, 102 were analyzed and recruited to examine the differences between non‐sicca and sicca onset.ResultsFifty‐one percent of pSS‐ILD patients presented with non‐sicca onset. Although the mean diagnosis time was equal, only 4% of non‐sicca onset patients were diagnosed with pSS at onset versus 34% with sicca onset (P = 0.000). Hyperglobulinemia, elevated rheumatoid factor (RF) titer, and anti‐SSA and/or anti‐SSB presence were less predominant in patients with non‐sicca onset (immunoglobulin G, 16 [12–21] vs. 21 [15–28] g/L, P = 0.032; RF, 22 [20–171] vs. 104 [20–237] IU/mL, P = 0.048; anti‐SSA and/or anti‐SSB presence, 33% vs. 72%, P = 0.000). The usual interstitial pneumonia pattern was more commonly seen in non‐sicca onset patients (20.0% vs. 14.3%). The high‐resolution computed tomography score was higher (12 [88–15] vs. 8 [5–13], P = 0.070) and predicted total lung capacity and forced vital capacity were lower (87 ± 23% vs. 97 ± 20%, P = 0.050; 88 ± 28% vs. 100 ± 27%, P = 0.089) in non‐sicca patients.ConclusionNon‐sicca is a common initial manifestation in pSS‐ILD. Anti‐SSA presence, elevated RF titer and hyperglobulinemia were less predominant, and pulmonary complications were more progressive and severe in non‐sicca onset patients than sicca onset patients.
Paracoccus denitrificans can utilize various long‐chain N‐acyl homoserine lactones and sequester them in membrane vesicles
Authors: Morinaga Kana , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Nomura Nobuhiko , Toyofuku Masanori 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMany gram‐negative bacteria utilize N‐acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) signals to communicate with each other. Once they have been released, these signals are assumed to be shared among the population in the local environment. In contrast to this canonical quorum‐sensing (QS) model, recent study in Paracoccus denitrificans showed that they can traffic their signals to each other via membrane vesicles (MVs). Here, we demonstrate that various long‐chain AHLs inhibited cell aggregation in P. denitrificans, whereas the short‐chain AHLs alone did not. Furthermore, MVs released from P. denitrificans were able to take up the long‐chain AHLs from the environment into MVs. The AHLs associated with MVs triggered gene expression in P. denitrificans, indicating their role in QS. Our results suggest that P. denitrificans can sequester the AHL produced by other bacteria and deliver the signals to themselves via MVs. Utilizing the signals from other bacteria may be advantageous for P. denitrificans to reach the threshold QS concentration in a polymicrobial community in which the population of its own species is relatively low.
Using archived television video footage to quantify phenology responses to climate change
Authors: De Frenne Pieter , Van Langenhove Lisa , Van Driessche Alain , Bertrand Cédric , Verheyen Kris , Vangansbeke Pieter 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Predicting how the timing of cyclic life‐history events, such as leafing and flowering, respond to climate change is of paramount importance due to the cascading impacts of vegetation phenology on species and ecosystem fitness. However, progress of this field is hampered by the relative scarcity, and geographic and phylogenetic bias, of long‐term phenology datasets.

By taking advantage of archived television video footage, we here developed an innovative tool using previously unexploited records to build long‐term datasets of phenological responses. To demonstrate the potential of this method, we worked with broadcast archives of sport events and focus on one of the most famous professional road cycling races world‐wide, the Tour of Flanders.

After viewing >200 hr of film, we compiled 523 individual × year observations of leaf‐out and flowering of 46 individual trees and shrubs visible in four decades (1981–2016) of video footage. We detect surprisingly strong advances in the timing of tree leaf‐out and flowering in the footage: trees almost never had flushed at the time of the spring race in the 1980s while significantly more individuals had flushed in the video footage between 2006 and 2016 (probabilities of leafing and flowering increased by 19% and 67%, respectively). These shifts were most strongly related to January–March temperatures and growing‐degree hours (cumulative heat) in the preceding months.

We demonstrate that this technical advance offers key benefits to fill gaps in existing phenology time series and reveal that archived video footage can indeed be applied to determine species‐temperature relationships with high spatiotemporal resolution. Only by compiling more data from the past will we be able to further our understanding on the effects of climate change on species and ecosystems in the future.
Identifying Inhibitory Subcomponents Associated with Changes in Binge Drinking Behavior: A 6‐Month Longitudinal Design
Authors: Paz Andres L. , Rosselli Monica , Conniff Joshua 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundLinks between response inhibition and young adult problematic drinking (e.g., binge drinking) have been established, but only to an extent. Considering the presence of some inconsistent findings associated with these 2 variables, this study proposes the need to investigate the extent in which different inhibitory subcomponents are associated with binge drinking behaviors of the same sample.MethodsThrough the use of a 6‐month longitudinal design, changes in Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ) binge score of 163 college students (50.3% female) with a mean age of 21.06 years (SD = 1.83) were correlated with performance on 3 different inhibitory control tasks. Each task was selected to assess separate inhibitory subcomponents: Stop Signal Task (e.g., cancellation of a response), Go/No‐Go Task (e.g., withholding of a response), and Simon Task (e.g., inhibiting response interference). Response inhibition was also compared between 2 groups, those who had a substantial increase in AUQ binge score during participation (inAUQ) and those who had a substantial decrease in AUQ binge score (deAUQ).ResultsA significant correlation was found with a change in AUQ binge score and stop signal reaction time among females only, where an increase in binge drinking score positively correlated with a reduced ability to cancel an already‐initiated inhibitory response. Differences in inhibitory performance, where inAUQ performed worse than deAUQ, approached significance.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the cancellation of a prepotent response, as opposed to the withholding of response or interference inhibition, is a more sensitive inhibitory measure associated with increases in binge drinking behavior among female young adult college students. Further exploration of inhibitory subcomponents relative to substance use is greatly needed (e.g., more extensive longitudinal designs and neuroimaging techniques).
Calibrating Play: Sociotemporality in South Korean Digital Gaming Culture
Authors: Rea Stephen C. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines the significance of digital gaming culture amidst broader institutional transformations in South Korea over the past several decades. Digital gaming is contextualized by a popular narrative about Korean society “speeding up” and complementary sociotemporal expectations for being and acting that stress qualities of both quickness and endurance. Approaching digital gaming's virtual‐ and actual‐world sites as nested “taskscapes,” I contend that calibration—processes that bring phenomena across different taskscapes into correspondence with one another—best describes how Korean digital gamers align their individual, embodied play with sociotemporal expectations. Specifically, I analyze two digital gaming practices in their ethnographic contexts—an e‐sports performance metric called “actions per minute” (APM) and an online gaming activity known as nogada—as modes for calibrating play with dominant sociotemporalities. The contrast between quick and slow sociotemporalities and the necessity of continual recalibration across taskscapes is a source of unending stress and frustration for many Koreans. Thinking with play as a disposition for calibration helps to make sense of everyday strategies for making do in precarious circumstances. [digital games, temporality, play, South Korea]
Youth, Temporality, and Territorial Stigma: Finding Good in Camden, New Jersey
Authors: Cairns Kate 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe concept of “territorial stigmatisation” identifies the role of symbolic denigration in the production of marginalised places. In this paper, I draw on ethnographic research with a food justice organisation in Camden, New Jersey, to examine youth's responses to territorial stigma. The analysis demonstrates how Black and Latinx youth rewrite the story of Camden in a way that locates the “good” within it, using narratives of the city's prosperous history and possible futures to recuperate value within a stigmatised place. I argue that the perspectives of youth illuminate the temporal dimensions of territorial stigma, situating the blemish of place in relation to conceptions of individual and social change. The article contributes to a growing literature examining the strategic responses of those who dwell in pathologised places. Because youth are uniquely situated within the production of place, their perspectives offer important insights in this process.
8 Sustainability as a Relative Process: A Long‐Term Perspective on Sustainability in the Northern Basin of Mexico
Authors: Millhauser John K. , Morehart Christopher T. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe notion of “sustainable development” has drawn attention to the precarious balance between populations and natural resources in terms of current and future needs. Approaches to the study of sustainability that focus on socio‐ecological systems may obscure the fact that what is sustainable at a broad scale may not be optimal for an entire population. Political ecology offers a complementary lens to investigate how relationships between humans and their environments unfold within historically situated structures of power. Archaeology provides a means to extend the historical gaze of political ecology to account for long‐term patterns of sustainability at multiple scales. This paper applies an archaeological approach to the historical political ecology of the northern Basin of Mexico. Specifically, it focuses on the people who settled in the wetland environment of Lake Xaltocan and their dynamic relationships with each other, land, and water over the last 2500 years. Over this time, local actors have adjusted to a variety of external constraints, from ecological change to political upheaval. A long‐term perspective reveals how politically‐situated actions transformed Lake Xaltocan physically and conceptually and how the sustainability of local regimes was unevenly determined by access to power rather than the husbanding of resources.
9 Questioning a Posthumanist Political Ecology: Ontologies, Environmental Materialities, and the Political in Iron Age South India
Authors: Bauer Andrew M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the political ecology of an 80 km2region of central Karnataka, detailing how social relationships of inequality were linked with the production of a variety of meaningful places and environmental resources in Iron Age (1200–300 BCE) South India. Such analysis is then intersected with modern framings of inselberg landforms as spaces of “Nature,” demonstrating how such framings potentially silence humans in their environmental history and reproduce a nature–society binary that has substantial implications for the politics of land use and conservation today. In doing so, the paper critically considers the implications and limitations of a posthumanist political ecology that advocates nonhumans as “actors” that contribute to socio‐political histories for understanding the politics of environmental production, both past and present.
Humanitarian medical aid to the Syrian people: Ethical implications and dilemmas
Authors: Zarka Salman , Farhat Morshid , Gidron Tamar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMedical professionals providing humanitarian aid in times of crisis face complicated ethical and clinical challenges. Today, humanitarian aid is given in accordance with existing guidelines developed by international humanitarian organizations and defined by international law. This paper considers the ethical aspects and frameworks of an atypical humanitarian project, namely one that provides medical support through an Israeli civilian hospital to Syrian Civil War casualties. We explore new ethical questions in this unique situation that pose a serious challenge for the medical community and conventional ethical norms, a challenge Israeli medical staff meet on a daily basis. Before discussing the ethical challenges, we give a description of the project and its unique status.
Health risk and health seeking behaviours among people who inject performance and image enhancing drugs who access needle syringe programs in Australia
Authors: Van de Ven Katinka , Maher Lisa , Wand Handan , Memedovic Sonja , Jackson Eva , Iversen Jenny 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople who use performance and image enhancing drugs (PIED) are a growing population in needle syringe programs (NSP) in Australia. Previous international research has identified heterogeneity among the PIED‐using population. This study investigated health behaviours among NSP attendees who had recently (last 12 months) injected PIEDs and examined differences among this group according to recent psychoactive drug use.Design and MethodsThe Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey is an annually repeated cross‐sectional survey conducted at approximately 50 NSPs nationally. In 2015, respondents provided information on their demographic characteristics, health risk and health monitoring behaviours, and provided a capillary dried blood spot for HIV and hepatitis C virus antibody testing. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions assessed factors associated with recent (last 12 months) use (all routes of administration) of psychoactive drugs.ResultsAmong recent PIED injectors (n= 156), 59% had recently used psychoactive substances. Those who had recently used psychoactive drugs were significantly younger, less educated and more likely to have experienced redness at an injection site in the previous 12 months but were more likely to report recent HIV/hepatitis C virus testing.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study identified significant differences in demographic characteristics, risk and health seeking behaviour among PIED users who did and did not also use psychoactive substances. There is a need to enhance and tailor harm reduction efforts and to build the capacity of NSP staff to better meet the needs of this diverse group.
Perceptions of attenuated psychosis in a diverse sample of undergraduates
Authors: Trask Christi L. , Kameoka Velma A. , Schiffman Jason , Cicero David C. 
Published: July 2018

AimPrior to the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, experts in the field of psychosis research considered including a psychosis high‐risk syndrome—attenuated psychosis syndrome—as a formal diagnosis. Opponents argued that such a diagnosis may increase the risk of stigmatization of individuals whose symptoms often remit. Although previous research has examined provider perceptions of attenuated psychosis syndrome, little work has focused on lay perceptions.MethodsA total of 455 college students read three vignettes, each depicting a character with a different level of psychotic disorder (attenuated psychosis syndrome, schizophrenia or no psychosis). Following each vignette, participants responded to questions assessing: (1) identification of the character as mentally ill, (2) stigmatizing attitudes and (3) beliefs regarding the helpfulness of potential treatments.ResultsCompared to a character with no psychosis, participants identified the attenuated psychosis syndrome character as more likely to be experiencing mental illness, but endorsed only slightly more stigmatizing attitudes. Participants tended to rate psychological types of treatment as more helpful than other types for an attenuated psychosis syndrome character.ConclusionsNon‐expert undergraduates appear to view attenuated psychosis symptoms as indicative of mental illness, though not as severe as schizophrenia symptoms. The minimal level of stigma endorsement indicates that college students may not be especially likely to spontaneously stigmatize peers with attenuated psychosis syndrome.
The construct validity of the Inventory of Psychotic‐Like Anomalous Self‐Experiences (IPASE) as a measure of minimal self‐disturbance: Preliminary data
Authors: Nelson Barnaby , Li Emily , Cicero David C. , Gawęda Łukasz , Hartmann Jessica A. , Koren Danny , Polari Andrea , Whitford Thomas J. , Lavoie Suzie 
Published: July 2018

AimThe Inventory of Psychotic‐Like Anomalous Self‐Experiences (IPASE) is a self‐report measure of minimal self‐disturbance. The aim of the current report was to assess the construct validity of the scale by examining its convergent validity with the gold‐standard measure of minimal self‐disturbance, the Examination of Anomalous Self‐Experience (EASE), and its discriminant validity.MethodThe sample consisted of 46 participants (21 ultra‐high risk for psychosis patients, 14 first episode psychosis patients, 11 healthy controls). Correlations between the clinical instruments were examined.ResultsThe IPASE correlated strongly with general psychopathology and positive psychotic symptoms, moderately with negative symptoms, and weakly with manic symptoms. The strongest correlation (r = 0.92) was apparent between IPASE and EASE total scores.ConclusionThese preliminary data indicate construct validity of the IPASE, demonstrating both convergent and discriminant validity. The IPASE may be suitable as a screener measure for minimal self‐disturbance, but should not be used as a replacement to measure the construct of minimal self‐disturbance, which requires considerable psychopathological sophistication.