bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Target in Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Association of Lupus Low Disease Activity State and Remission With Lower Accrual of Early Damage
Authors: Floris Alberto , Piga Matteo , Perra Daniela , Chessa Elisabetta , Congia Mattia , Mathieu Alessandro , Cauli Alberto 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of achievement and maintenance of Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) and clinical remission (CR) in preventing early damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsIn a monocentric cohort of 116 newly diagnosed SLE patients, LLDAS and CR achievement at 6 months (T1) after treatment initiation and their maintenance over the next 12 months were assessed. Early damage was recorded after 18 months of follow‐up (T2) using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of LLDAS and CR with early damage.ResultsLLDAS was significantly more attained than CR both at T1 (42.2% versus 21.6% of patients; P < 0.001) and T2 (46.6% versus 31.9%; P = 0.022). The overlap rate between persistent LLDAS and persistent CR was 41.7% (n = 15). On multivariate analysis, achievement of CR (odds ratio [OR] 0.07 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.01–0.59], P = 0.015) and LLDAS (OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.06–0.99], P = 0.049) at T1 were independently associated with lower accrual of early damage. Patients who achieved LLDAS (including CR) at T1 and steadily persisted in this condition until T2 developed significantly less damage compared to those who failed to maintain it during the T1–T2 interval (P = 0.003), those who achieved it later than T1 (P < 0.001), or those who had never been in this condition (P < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough CR is recommended as the primary treatment target in SLE, LLDAS represents a valid alternative in the early stage of SLE management. LLDAS and CR maintenance should be targeted to prevent damage.
Tracing the genetic legacy in the French Caribbean islands: A study of mitochondrial and Y‐chromosome lineages in the Guadeloupe archipelago
Authors: Mendisco Fanny , Pemonge Marie‐Hélène , Romon Thomas , Lafleur Gérard , Richard Gérard , Courtaud Patrice , Deguilloux Marie‐France 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe history of the Caribbean region is marked by numerous and various successive migration waves that resulted in a global blending of African, European, and Amerindian lineages. As the origin and genetic composition of the current population of French Caribbean islands has not been studied to date, we used both mitochondrial DNA and Y‐chromosome markers to complete the characterization of the dynamics of admixture in the Guadeloupe archipelago.Materials and MethodsWe sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable regions and genotyped mitochondrial and Y‐chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 198 individuals from five localities of the Guadeloupe archipelago.ResultsThe maternal haplogroups revealed a blend of 85% African lineages (mainly traced to Western, West‐Central, and South‐Eastern Africa), 12.5% Eurasian lineages, and 0.5% Amerindian lineages. We highlighted disequilibria between European paternal contribution (44%) and European maternal contribution (7%), pointing out an important sexual asymmetry. Finally, the estimated Native American component was strikingly low and supported the near‐extinction of native lineages in the region.DiscussionWe confirmed that all historically known migratory events indeed left a visible genetic imprint in the contemporary Caribbean populations. The data gathered clearly demonstrated the significant impact of the transatlantic slave trade on the Guadeloupean population's constitution. Altogether, the data in our study confirm that in the Caribbean region, human population variation is correlated with colonial and postcolonial policies and unique island histories.
Age‐related tooth wear in African rainforest hunter‐gatherers
Authors: Romero Alejandro , Ramirez‐Rozzi Fernando V. , Cuesta‐Torralvo Elisabeth , Pérez‐Pérez Alejandro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesCentral African small‐scale foragers subsist primarily on hunting game activities and wild plant‐food gathering. Starch‐rich tubers are underground storage organs (USOs) and staple food resources in savanna and tropical rainforests. However, little is known about the effect of USO consumption on tooth wear development in living hunter‐gatherers. We report age‐ and sex‐dependent tooth wear rates in forest‐dwelling Baka Pygmies with well‐documented wild‐yam‐tuber‐based diet to explore the long‐term impact of USO mechanical hardness and abrasiveness on the wearing down of the teeth.Materials and MethodsPercentages of dentine exposure (PDEs) of permanent left mandibular first molars (M1) were recorded using in vivo high‐resolution replicas of Baka individuals (aged 8–33 years), inhabiting Le Bosquet district in Cameroon (Western Africa). Regression and covariance analyses were used to test the effect of individual aging by sex on PDE rates.ResultsWe found a strong increase of PDE by age among Baka individuals. No evidence of sexual dimorphism in wear patterns suggests similar sex‐related dietary and masticatory demands during growth. Overall, greatest dentine exposure values ≈4% denote unexpected slow wear down rates for foraging diets relying on USO consumption.DiscussionThe low molar wear rates with age found in Baka Pygmies contrast with extensive wear rates in savanna‐dwelling foragers, reflecting differences in thermal processing techniques affecting fracture toughness and grittiness of mechanically challenging foods. Our findings reveal that culture‐specific dietary proclivities influence tooth wear among foraging behaviors with important implications in hominin dietary versatility and abrasive stress on chewing surfaces.
Spectrum of KV2.1 Dysfunction in KCNB1‐Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Kang Seok Kyu , Vanoye Carlos G. , Misra Sunita N. , Echevarria Dennis M. , Calhoun Jeffrey D. , O'Connor John B. , Fabre Katarina L. , McKnight Dianalee , Demmer Laurie , Goldenberg Paula , Grote Lauren E. , Thiffault Isabelle , Saunders Carol , Strauss Kevin A. , Torkamani Ali , van der Smagt Jasper , van Gassen Koen , Carson Robert P. , Diaz Jullianne , Leon Eyby , Jacher Joseph E. , Hannibal Mark C. , Litwin Jessica , Friedman Neil R. , Schreiber Allison , Lynch Bryan , Poduri Annapurna , Marsh Eric D. , Goldberg Ethan M. , Millichap John J. , George Alfred L. , Kearney Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivePathogenic variants in KCNB1, encoding the voltage‐gated potassium channel KV2.1, are associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Previous functional studies on a limited number of KCNB1 variants indicated a range of molecular mechanisms by which variants affect channel function, including loss of voltage sensitivity, loss of ion selectivity, and reduced cell‐surface expression.MethodsWe evaluated a series of 17 KCNB1 variants associated with DEE or other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) to rapidly ascertain channel dysfunction using high‐throughput functional assays. Specifically, we investigated the biophysical properties and cell‐surface expression of variant KV2.1 channels expressed in heterologous cells using high‐throughput automated electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry–flow cytometry.ResultsPathogenic variants exhibited diverse functional defects, including altered current density and shifts in the voltage dependence of activation and/or inactivation, as homotetramers or when coexpressed with wild‐type KV2.1. Quantification of protein expression also identified variants with reduced total KV2.1 expression or deficient cell‐surface expression.InterpretationOur study establishes a platform for rapid screening of KV2.1 functional defects caused by KCNB1 variants associated with DEE and other NDDs. This will aid in establishing KCNB1 variant pathogenicity and the mechanism of dysfunction, which will enable targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention based on molecular phenotype. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:899–912
Fatal encephalopathy with wild‐type JC virus and ruxolitinib therapy
Authors: Reoma Lauren Bowen , Trindade Christopher Julius , Monaco Maria Chiara , Solis Jamie , Montojo Marta Garcia , Vu Phuong , Johnson Kory , Beck Erin , Nair Govind , Khan Omar I. , Quezado Marta , Hewitt Stephen M. , Reich Daniel S. , Childs Richard , Nath Avindra 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveJC virus (JCV) infection is a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; less common forms of central nervous system manifestations associated with JCV infection include granule cell neuronopathy, encephalopathy, and meningitis. Presented is the first case of fatal JCV encephalopathy after immunosuppressive therapy that included ruxolitinib.MethodsPostmortem analysis included next generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, tissue immunohistochemistry, and formalin‐fixed hemisphere 7T magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsJCV DNA isolated from postmortem tissue samples identified a novel 12bp insertion that altered the transcription site binding pattern in an otherwise “wild‐type virus,” which has long been thought to be the nonpathogenic form of JCV. Anti‐VP1 staining demonstrated infection in cortical neurons, hippocampal neurons, and glial and endothelial cells.InterpretationThis expands the spectrum of identified JCV diseases associated with broad‐spectrum immunosuppression, including JAK‐STAT inhibitors, and sheds light on an additional neurotropic virus strain of the archetype variety. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:878–884
Carbon Dots in a Matrix: Energy‐Transfer‐Enhanced Room‐Temperature Red Phosphorescence
Authors: Wang Bolun , Yu Yue , Zhang Hongyue , Xuan Yuzhi , Chen Guangrui , Ma Wenyan , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh‐efficiency red room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emissions have been achieved by embedding carbon dots (CDs) in crystalline Mn‐containing open‐framework matrices. The rationale of this strategy relies on two factors: 1) the carbon source, which affects the triplet energy levels of the resulting CDs and thus the spectral overlap and 2) the coordination geometry of the Mn atoms in the crystalline frameworks, which determines the crystal‐field splitting and thus the emission spectra. Embedding the carbon dots into a matrix with 6‐coordinate Mn centers resulted in a strong red RTP with a phosphorescence efficiency of up to 9.6 %, which is higher than that of most reported red RTP materials. The composite material has an ultrahigh optical stability in the presence of strong oxidants, various organic solvents, and strong ultraviolet radiation. A green‐yellow RTP composite was also prepared by using a matrix with 4‐coordinate Mn centers and different carbon precursors.
Estimation of silica flocculation in SBR/BR compounds reinforced with different silica contents from their rheocurves
Authors: Yang Jae‐Kyoung , Park Wonhyeong , Ryu Changseok , Kim Sun Jung , Kim Do Il , Seo Gon , Kim Jong‐Ho , Chung Chang‐Bok 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe rheocurves of silica‐filled styrene–butadiene/polybutadiene rubber (SBR/BR) compounds containing 3‐octadecyltriethoxy silane (OTES) and bis‐[triethoxysilylpropyl]tetrasulfide (TESPT) were investigated to examine the effects of silica content and silanes on silica flocculation during mixing and cure. SBR/BR compounds without curatives were also prepared to infer the effect of cure on silica flocculation. The maximum torque of the compounds could be deconvoluted to individual source torques such as silica flocculation during mixing and cure, crosslinking of rubber, and coupling between rubber and silica by assuming the independence of silica flocculation from cure and coupling. Torque due to silica flocculation increased with the silica content of the SBR/BR compounds, but its effect was significantly reduced by the addition of OTES or TESPT. TESPT suppressed silica flocculation and facilitated coupling, thus yielding enhanced tensile properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48559.
Impact of IL1RN Variants on Response to Interleukin‐1 Blocking Therapy in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Hinze Claas , Fuehner Sabrina , Kessel Christoph , Wittkowski Helmut , Lainka Elke , Baehr Melanie , Hügle Boris , Haas Johannes‐Peter , Ganser Gerd , Weißbarth‐Riedel Elisabeth , Jansson Annette , Foell Dirk 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze the reported association of IL1RN polymorphisms with response to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) blockade in a German cohort of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to assess the impact of other factors on treatment response.MethodsSixty‐one patients with systemic JIA who had received IL‐1 blockade were identified within the German Autoinflammatory Disease registry DNA biobank. Response to IL‐1 blockade was assessed according to 1) the clinical response (initially at least a transient response or good response compared to a poor response), 2) switch (or no switch) to anti–IL‐6 receptor therapy following IL‐1 blockade, 3) achievement of clinically inactive disease within 6 months of IL‐1 blockade, 4) improvement in disease activity measured using the modified Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score, and 5) achievement of a glucocorticoid‐free state. In addition, basic demographic data, key features of the disease course, laboratory data, and IL1RN single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed.ResultsSix of 7 IL1RN SNPs reported to be associated with response to anakinra therapy were analyzed. These 6 IL1RN SNPs were inherited as haplotypes. An association of IL1RN haplotypes and SNPs with response to IL‐1 blockade could not be confirmed in this cohort of patients with systemic JIA. Patients who received tocilizumab following IL‐1 blockade had a longer duration from disease onset to diagnosis than those who did not receive tocilizumab (median 0.27 years versus 0.08 years).ConclusionThe results of this study could not confirm an impact of IL1RN SNPs on response to IL‐1 blockade therapy with either anakinra or canakinumab in a cohort of patients with systemic JIA. However, a longer time frame from disease onset to diagnosis was associated with poorer long‐term treatment response, thereby supporting the “window of opportunity” hypothesis that suggests improved long‐term treatment response with shorter time from disease onset to diagnosis (and treatment).
Photochemical Reactions in the Synthesis of Protein–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Holland Jason P. , Gut Melanie , Klingler Simon , Fay Rachael , Guillou Amaury 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ability to modify biologically active molecules such as antibodies with drug molecules, fluorophores or radionuclides is crucial in drug discovery and target identification. Classic chemistry used for protein functionalisation relies almost exclusively on thermochemically mediated reactions. Our recent experiments have begun to explore the use of photochemistry to effect rapid and efficient protein functionalisation. This article introduces some of the principles and objectives of using photochemically activated reagents for protein ligation. The concept of simultaneous photoradiosynthesis of radiolabelled antibodies for use in molecular imaging is introduced as a working example. Notably, the goal of producing functionalised proteins in the absence of pre‐association (non‐covalent ligand‐protein binding) introduces requirements that are distinct from the more regular use of photoactive groups in photoaffinity labelling. With this in mind, the chemistry of thirteen different classes of photoactivatable reagents that react through the formation of intermediate carbenes, electrophiles, dienes, or radicals, is assessed.
Aurophilicity‐Mediated Construction of Emissive Porous Molecular Crystals as Versatile Hosts for Liquid and Solid Guests
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Ida Kentaro , Sato Hiroyasu , Aono Shinji , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Ito Hajime 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe first examples of porous molecular crystals that are assembled through Au⋅⋅⋅Au interactions of gold complex 1 are here reported along with their exchange properties with respect to their guest components. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate that the crystal structure of 1/CH2Cl2⋅pentane is based on cyclic hexamers of 1, which are formed through six Au⋅⋅⋅Au interactions. The packing of these cyclic hexamers affords a porous architecture, in which the one‐dimensional channel segment contains CH2Cl2 and pentane as guests. These guests can be exchanged through operationally simple methods under retention of the host framework of 1, which furnished 1/guest complexes with 26 different guests. A single‐crystal XRD analysis of 1/eicosane, which contains the long linear alkane eicosane (n‐C20H42), successfully provided its accurately modeled structure within the porous material. These host–guest complexes show chromic luminescence with both blue‐ and redshifted emissions. Moreover, this porous organometallic material can exhibit luminescent mechanochromism through release of guests.
Cytologic evaluation of p16 staining in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in CytoLyt versus formalin‐fixed material
Authors: Buonocore Darren J. , Fowle Evan , Lin Oscar , Xu Bin , Katabi Nora , Cohen Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe management of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV)–related oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are distinct from HNSCC linked to smoking and alcohol use. HR‐HPV–positive HNSCC frequently presents as a cervical lymph node metastasis. Because fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is often the initial diagnostic procedure, evaluating HR‐HPV status in cytology specimens is important. The overexpression of p16 is a surrogate for HR‐HPV; however, the evaluation of p16 in FNAs remains controversial.MethodsFrom September 2015 to December 2016, cytopathologists performed 25 FNAs of neck lymph nodes that were suspicious for HR‐HPV–positive HNSCC. Initial passes produced smears for on‐site evaluation and CytoLyt material. Additional passes were formalin‐fixed. A CytoLyt cell block (CCB) and a formalin‐fixed cell block (FFCB) were prepared, and p16 immunocytochemistry was performed.ResultsIn 24 of 25 cases, the FFCB had diffuse (≥70% of cells), strong nuclear/cytoplasmic p16 staining. In all 24 of these cases, HR‐HPV was detected by in situ hybridization. The corresponding CCB had weak‐to‐moderate p16 staining in <70% of cells (range, 5%‐60% of cells) in 17 cases, 4 had weak‐to‐moderate diffuse staining, and 4 were acellular. The percentage of p16‐positive cells was significantly higher with FFCB than with CCB (formalin: 94% ± 2%; CytoLyt, 38% ± 7%; 2‐tailed, paired Student t test; P < .001; Fisher exact test, P < .001).ConclusionsThe fixative used had a drastic impact on p16 staining, which explained the staining variability reported in the literature. FFCBs show a diffuse staining pattern, which correlates with HR‐HPV status, whereas CCBs show a weaker and inconsistent staining pattern, which is more difficult to interpret.
Electrolyte Effects on the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Moura de Salles Pupo Marilia , Kortlever Ruud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels or commodity chemicals is a reaction of high interest for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. The role of the electrolyte is of particular interest, as the interplay between the electrocatalytic surface and the electrolyte plays an important role in determining the outcome of the CO2 reduction reaction. Therefore, insights on electrolyte effects on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 are pivotal in designing electrochemical devices that are able to efficiently and selectively convert CO2 into valuable products. Here, we provide an overview of recently obtained insights on electrolyte effects and we discuss how these insights can be used as design parameters for the construction of new electrocatalytic systems.
Investigation of cubic non‐linearity‐driven electrostatic structures in the presence of double spectral index distribution function
Authors: Qureshi M.N.S. , Shah K.H. , Shi Jiankui , Masood W. , Shah H.A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, modified Korteweg‐de Vries equation (which involves cubic non‐linearity) was derived to study non‐linear ion acoustic waves in a plasma in which electrons follow the double spectral index distribution function. The double spectral index distribution successfully apes the distribution functions that have been frequently observed in space plasmas. The spectral index r moulds the distribution function at low energy and by increasing its value, flatness of the distribution enhances. The spectral index r can also have negative values due to which distribution becomes spiky at low energies. The index q, on the other hand, controls the shape of the tail of distribution function. It has been shown that propagation of the solitary structures gets significantly altered by the choice of the double spectral indices, namely, r and q. A comparison was also made, using the parameters of the auroral zone, between the quadratic and cubic non‐linearities‐driven non‐linear structures and it was shown that the solitary structures form on a much shorter scale for cubic non‐linearity compared to their quadratic counterpart.
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the pancreas: Cytopathology review of a rare entity
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Khader Samer N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrimary signet ring cell carcinoma of the pancreas (PSRCCP) is an extremely rare diagnosis that has not been extensively studied in literature. Primary and metastatic neoplasms to the pancreas may exhibit cytomorphological similarities to signet ring cells, posing diagnostic challenges. In this article, we review PSRCCP and provide a study of several primary pancreatic neoplasms that may mimic the appearance of PSRCCP upon cytopathology evaluation, shedding light on the existence of this dilemma, and helping cytopathologists in navigating similar scenarios in their practice.
Peatland degradation: The relationship between raised bog hydrology and normalized difference vegetation index
Authors: Šimanauskienė Rasa , Linkevičienė Rita , Bartold Maciej , Dąbrowska‐Zielińska Katarzyna , Slavinskienė Gintarė , Veteikis Darijus , Taminskas Julius 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeatlands are recognized as important landscape elements and their disturbance, followed by the loss of their ecohydrological functions, leads to falling water tables and degradation. Sometimes, the shortage of hydrological monitoring data impedes the detection of degrading peatland areas. The application of cost‐effective remote sensing methods for assessment of humidity conditions permits monitoring of a large area and longer periods of time. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the links between hydrological parameters and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as well as identifying spatio‐temporal patterns in the condition of raised bog vegetation, according to NDVI, in the Čepkeliai raised bog, a semipristine peatland in south‐eastern Lithuania. Time series of NDVI (2000–2018) were obtained from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer and compared with field measurements. A strong positive correlation between NDVI and water table depth was found. Moderate (for the whole raised bog) and strong (for control subbasin) positive correlations between NDVIavg and annual minimum flow over 30 and 7 days were found. This confirms that NDVI could be treated as an appropriate indicator, showing the degradation processes of the raised bog ecosystem and could be applied in its management. Analysis of the interannual NDVIavg variation confirmed the prevalence of stable favourable conditions during the growing season with a slight decrease in NDVImax over last 4 years. Meanwhile, analysis of spatial NDVI variation revealed obvious spatial patterns where possible degradation processes tend to appear.