bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lenition of voiced stops in Kurdish
Authors: Mohammadirad Masoud , Öpengin Ergin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Contemporary Kurdish variety groups exhibit considerable variation with respect to the lenition of voiced stops. This paper presents a first systematic overview of lenition across major varieties of Kurdish, drawing on published data and a recent questionnaire developed for studying phonological variation within Kurdish. Following recent studies on lenition, a distinction is made between lenition as a process related to earlier stages of language and lenition as a synchronically active process. Analysing diachronic sound changes in Kurdish as well as the synchronic lenition phenomena in its dialects, we conclude that while at earlier stages, Kurdish varieties favoured the lenition of voiced stops across different phonological environments, synchronically, lenition of voiced stops tends to be phonologically active only in the southernmost dialects of Central Kurdish and neighbouring Southern Kurdish and Gorani dialects, and with a limited extent, in the westernmost outliers of Northern Kurdish. It is argued that the synchronic lenition in the Gorani contact zone arose through innovation in Gorani and spread to Kurdish through substratum interference or originated in diffusion from Southern Kurdish.
The critical role of c and φ in ensuring stability: A study on rockfill dams
Authors: Qi Yiting , Cao Xin , Cao Ruisi , Huang Jing , Yan Ailan , Xu Dong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Slope stability analysis is an important part of rockfill dam design, and the uncertainty of rock and soil physical and mechanical parameters has a significant impact on slope stability. In this article, based on physical and mechanical parameters c and φ, simplified Bishop’s method and mean clustering method are adopted to study the influence of parameter cohesion c and internal friction Angle φ on slope safety factor k of composite geomembrane rockfill dam, and the key and non-critical areas of the dam are preliminarily differentiated according to the different influences of the changes in different sections of the dam body on slope safety factor c and φ. The research results show that whether c and φ change ±5 and ±10% simultaneously with single parameter or double parameter, it shows that cohesion force c has little influence on slope stability, while internal friction Angle φ is the most sensitive factor in slope stability calculation, and its numerical accuracy has a great influence on the calculation result of safety factor. In addition, the influence of c and φ in key areas on the stability of the dam body is more significant. Therefore, in the construction of a composite geofilm rockfill dam, a relatively accurate φ value is required when selecting parameters, especially in key areas. This study not only has a certain guiding significance for the property requirements of the selected soil, engineering safety, and engineering optimization design, but also puts forward some new methods and ideas for optimizing the design scheme and improving the safety of the dam.
Understanding seismic hazard resilience in Montenegro: A qualitative analysis of community preparedness and response capabilities
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. , Grozdanić Goran , Milanović Miško , Marković Slobodan , Lukić Tin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Enhancing resilience against seismic hazards in earthquake-prone regions is essential for reducing the devastating impacts of disasters. Seismic resilience refers to a community’s ability to withstand and recover from earthquake impacts, while preparedness gaps are the areas where current measures are insufficient to effectively respond to or mitigate earthquake damage. This study focuses on Montenegro – a region with frequent seismic activity – aiming to assess resilience levels, identify critical gaps in preparedness, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing response strategies. Using qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews, the research gathered insights from residents of Montenegro’s most vulnerable cities: Nikšić, Podgorica, Bar, Kotor, Cetinje, Budva, Herceg Novi, and Berane. Participants, chosen for their first-hand experience with significant earthquake impacts, provided valuable perspectives on various aspects of resilience, from local government response to individual preparedness. This research revealed significant disparities in resilience across communities: for instance, approximately 62.5% of the respondents highlighted inadequate education as a barrier to effective earthquake preparedness, and only 37.5% reported awareness of basic earthquake response procedures. Furthermore, while some communities, such as urban areas with accessible services, reported higher preparedness levels, rural areas showed deficiencies, with 50% of the respondents from these areas identifying a lack of organized drills and limited public awareness initiatives. These findings underscore the urgent need for community-specific preparedness programs and enhancements in both structural resilience and public education to bolster community readiness effectively. Also, findings highlight the need for customized preparedness programs tailored to specific community needs, alongside improvements in structural safety measures and educational outreach. The study underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach involving detailed risk assessments, community-focused preparedness training, and stronger public awareness initiatives. Furthermore, the study calls for enhanced local government capabilities to sustain proactive response measures, including rapid mobilization of emergency resources and regular disaster simulations, to build long-term resilience across communities.
Use of a humidity adsorbent derived from cockleshell waste in Thai fried fish crackers (Keropok)
Authors: Naemchanthara Patcharin , Pongtornkulpanich Sirikorn , Pansumrong Surapat , Boonsook Kanokwan , Faksawat Kridsada , Kaewwiset Weeranut , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this research, cockleshell waste from food processing is developed into a humidity adsorbent using a simple technique. Cockleshells were first heated at 1,000°C. The crystal structure, functional group, and morphology of cockleshells before and after heat treatment were investigated. Cockleshells before heat treatment had the aragonite phase of CaCO3 compound, but it transformed into the CaO phase after heat treatment. Next, fried fish crackers, Keropok, were selected for humidity testing. The behavior of the humidity adsorbent and fried fish crackers was investigated for 0–180 days. After humidity testing, the CaO phase of the humidity adsorbent reacted with the humidity or water molecules and transformed into the Ca(OH)2 phase. The amount of crack and roughness on the humidity adsorbent surface increased with the increase in humidity testing time. The humidity adsorbent underwent a high humidity reaction and transformed into Ca(OH)2 after 30 days. The water activity, crispness, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) of fried fish crackers were analyzed. The water activity of fried fish crackers rapidly decreased, whereas the crispness slowly decreased in the range of 0–30 days. The humidity adsorbent controlled the TBARS value by increasing slowly. Based on these results, cockleshell waste can be developed as a humidity adsorbent and used to prolong the shelf-life of local food products to at least 90 days.
Ethical practice in participant-centred linguistic research
Authors: Atkins Sarah , Mackenzie Jai , Jones Lucy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article outlines ethical principles for ‘participant-centred linguistic research’ (PCLR), a term we coin to incorporate a range of linguistic research approaches that place importance on the involvement of participants. Linguistics, as a field, has strengthened its focus on participant-centred and socially situated research, recognising the value of better understanding our participants’ practices and linguistic knowledge. However, this also brings ethical challenges for our research practice. Drawing on three differing UK-based case studies from the authors’ own work, the article explores complex issues that can arise during PCLR and establishes four key principles that cut across our varied experiences. Firstly, we address participant consent and confidentiality, establishing the principles: 1. Informed consent and ethics protocols are dialogic processes and 2. Expectations around confidentiality and anonymity can shift during a project. Secondly, we address our research relationships with participants, our key principles being: 3. The researcher-participant relationship is complex and variable and 4. Close attention must be paid to power dynamics within the research setting. Ultimately, we argue that the human interactions and relationships involved in PCLR mean research may inevitably be somewhat unpredictable; researchers therefore need an understanding of the ethical parameters of their practice to navigate these complexities.
Semantic variation and semantic change in the color lexicon
Authors: Viti Carlotta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Color terms show a remarkable variation in their possible lexicalization patterns across different languages. In the literature, the interest has been especially to describe the color lexicon of a certain language and to determine whether it may abide or not by Berlin and Kay’s universal evolutionary sequence, e.g., whether a certain color denomination may be considered as a basic color term, or whether a certain color category is lexicalized by more than one basic color term, by which criteria, etc. It has not been established, however, which are the most common lexical sources of basic color terms on a comparative basis, and which semantic changes are more common in this semantic field. On the basis of data drawn from 70 ancient and modern Indo-European languages, we aim at answering precisely these research questions concerning the origin and the development of basic color terms. We discuss the various lexical sources of the basic color terms for white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, gray, orange, pink, and purple, and we show the most important semantic changes leading to these color meanings. We also discuss to which extent these terms are likely to be inherited or borrowed. All this aims at being a contribution to the study of diachronic semantics.
Rediscovery of a population of the plains spotted skunk, Spilogale interrupta, a species of conservation concern, from southern Texas, USA
Authors: Eversole Cord B. , Duffie Duston R. , Mullaney Andrew J. , Henke Scott E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Plains Spotted Skunk (Spilogale interrupta) historically occurred across parts of the eastern and midwestern United States west of the Mississippi River. Following perceived population declines across much of its range, efforts to assess populations of this species have increased. Here, we report novel records of S. interrupta from this area of south Texas for the first time since 1961. This rediscovery demonstrates the persistence of this species in an underreported portion of its range. This information is useful for better understanding the distribution and population status of S. interrupta in Texas and broadly throughout North America and is crucial for future applied conservation policy efforts.
Critical Paradigm Approach in Preservation and Conservation Studies: An Initial Note
Authors: Rachman Yeni Budi , Tambunan Shuri Mariasih Gietty , Setyani Turita Indah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the application of a critical paradigm approach, including activism, in studies of preservation and conservation in libraries, information institutions, and local communities. Based on a literature review, it explores a variety of writing and research on the preservation and conservation of objects, focusing on social and humanities approaches and critical analysis. Different approaches in preservation and conservation in libraries and other information institutions beyond traditional practices will be discussed and activism in the context of preservation and conservation will be examined. We hope that this article will encourage research on preservation and conservation that involves critical explanations and in-depth investigations, that it will provide space for critical thinking which moves towards a constructivist paradigm and that it will generate knowledge about activism within a conservation framework. This paper is not intended to challenge researchers or scholars who have followed a more positivistic approach in their studies of preservation and conservation, but rather as a reflection to provide space to engage in critical thinking and alternative approaches.
Rethinking lexical semantic fields: relevance and local holism
Authors: Diodato Filomena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to single out some pathologies of current lexical semantics, which suffers from both the trauma of immanence and the opposite anxiety of rooting all knowledge in the pre-semiotic dimension, or entrusting sense-making entirely to context. To untangle these pitfalls, the dialogue with a phenomenological cognitive semiotics may prove fertile to focus on the lexicon as a type of storage and a type of memory; that is, a type of accumulated and sedimented knowledge based on the dynamical re-pertinentization of invariants. In particular, the perspective developed by Sonesson shows striking coincidences with De Mauro’s semiotic semantics, which already provides a solid foundation for rethinking the notion of lexical field drawing on an “authentic” Humboldtian and Saussurean heritage. Therefore, I will briefly review some principles of lexical structural semantics, with the aim of showing how these notions, once emancipated from the Saussurean vulgata, can not only be compatible with a cognitive phenomenological approach, but also facilitate the rehabilitation of a theoretical apparatus still valuable for both (lexical) semantics and semiotics. Although focused on lexical fields, some of the issues addressed can be extended to language and languages, as well as to other types of semiotic systems, to shed light on controversial themes such as the embodiment of signs and the autonomy of linguistics and semantics.
Technological and safety properties of bacteriocin-producing <i>Enterococcus</i> strains isolated from traditional Turkish cheeses
Authors: Akpınar Kankaya Didem 
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional Turkish cheeses, evaluate their antibacterial properties and technological characteristics, and determine the safety properties of isolates. The isolated strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium DP8.3, DP9.3, and Enterococcus mundtii DP35.1, which are genetically different from each other. The bacteriocins produced by these isolates exhibited stability under high temperatures and maintained their antibacterial activity across a broad pH spectrum. The bacterial strains were fast acid producers, lacked proteolytic or lipolytic activity, were susceptible to antibiotics, and did not show antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. In addition, all the Enterococcus strains decarboxylated tyrosine and showed tdc gene expression. According to the technological properties and safety assessment of the strains, it is believed that they can be used as protective adjunct cultures in the food industry.
Fixing of intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation 2 by a double incision technique: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Butala Rajendraprasad R. , Mehta Nrupam , Singh Rishab , Shah Varmit , Yadav Atul 
Published: November 2024

Background: The incidence of hip fractures is projected to rise from 1.66 million in 1990 to 6.26 million by 2050. Internal fixation is the most prevalent surgical intervention for intertrochanteric fractures. Hip fractures represent a significant healthcare issue amongst the elderly. The aim of this study is to evaluate a double incision technique in comparison to the conventional incision for fixing intertrochanteric fractures using the standard proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA2).
Methods: This study took place at Dr. D. Y. Patil hospital in Navi Mumbai, India, from May 2023 to May 2024 employing an open-label, retrospective, randomized, and comparative methodology. A total of 100 patients with proven radiographic intertrochanteric fracture having undergone fixation with PFNA2 were analysed, with 50 undergoing the double incision and 50 serving as the stand control group.
Results: The minimally invasive technique with a modified incision using the standard proximal femoral nail A2 can reduce bleeding, enhance precision for the entry point of the guidewire, shorten the time required for the entry, decrease soft tissue injuries, and provide better aesthetic outcomes.
Conclusions: The current study delineates a minimally invasive surgical technique employing a double incision for the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures using the proximal femoral nail A2, underscoring its benefits.
Evaluation of Sedative activity of Cannabis Sativa in mice
Authors: Okenwa Samuel , Nwachukwu Jane Chidera , Ezeala Chisom Peace , Eze Ifeanyi , Onyioha Emmanuel Buchi , Amarachi Nnamdi Umuokeke , Okorie Austine Nkemakolam , Ejike Lazarus Chukwuemeka , Ihechukwu Uzoigwe Delight 
Published: November 2024

Background: Cannabis sativa Linn. (Family: Cannabaceae) is commonly cultivated in Bangladesh in moist areas such as riverbanks, lakes, canals, and roadsides. The leaves of this plant are traditionally used to treat insomnia, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Objective: The study's objective is to investigate the sedative effects and phytochemical composition of the Cannabis sativa species in Nigeria.
Methods: The elevated plus maze was used to assess the sedative effect of various fractions of aqueous methanol extracts of Cannabis sativa at a dosage of 100 mg/kg in mice. Comparisons were made between the sedative action of the extract and diazepam, which was used as the positive control. Additionally, acute toxicity was also evaluated during the assessment.
Results: During the elevated plus-maze test, various parameters such as the number of entries in open arms and the number of entries in closed arms were recorded. The administration of different fractions of aqueous methanol extracts of Cannabis sativa resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the time spent in and the number of entries into open arms compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that various concentrations of water-methanol extracts from Cannabis sativa exhibit sedative effects that are superior to those of the control (diazepam), supporting the use of this plant in traditional medicine. Further research should be conducted to investigate the active components of Cannabis sativa and understand the mechanism of its effects before proceeding to clinical trials.
External debt and economic growth: A study from the perspective of developing and emerging economies
Authors: Abbas Shehzada Ghulam 
Published: November 2024

This study explores the relationship between economic growth and external debt for 24 highly indebted developing and 21 highly indebted emerging economies. This study uses data from 2010 to 2019 and a dynamic panel data model-Generalize Methods of Moments (GMM) to investigate the relationship. The study found that external debt significantly and adversely impacts economic growth for the sample of 24 developing countries indicating external debt being one of the major determinants of economic growth for developing countries whereas it is negative but insignificant in the case of 21 emerging economies showing no impact of external debt on economic growth in the case of emerging economies. This study also found a significant and positive relationship between gross capital formation (GCF) and lag of GDP growth (GDPgr) and economic growth for both developing and emerging economies. Inflation has no significant impact on economic growth in the case of developing countries whereas it has a significant and negative impact on economic growth for the sample of emerging economies. Trade openness has no significant impact on economic growth for data samples. In addition, the long-run estimates show a negative relationship between external debt and GDP growth for both groups of countries. The results imply that targeted and efficient debt management and using traditional alternatives (i.e., tax revenue mobilization and domestic borrowing) should be prioritized for both countries.
Ethnographic lens: Understanding managerial and operational level perspectives on ESP teachers roles
Authors: Poedjiastutie Dwi , Masduki  , Mayaputri Velmi 
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the managerial level (the deans of the faculties and the director of ESP) perspectives and ESP teachers’ perspectives (operational level) on how they assume their roles in teaching ESP. This study used an ethnographic approach. The phenomena of an ethnography are commonly examined from a collective perspective. This suggests analyzing the culture under investigation from an insider's viewpoint by emphasizing the significance that the members of that society attribute to it. The findings show that sociocultural factors are assumed to influence the deans’ expectations of what teachers must do in comparison to what teachers themselves should be doing. ESP teachers at the operational level assume their roles in teaching and learning ESP as motivation builders, classroom controllers, teaching strategy innovators and lifelong learners. Meanwhile, the deans of the faculty’s (managerial level) expectations of ESP teacher roles entail a material developer, a curriculum contributor, a language trainer, a student mental safeguarding, a collaborator and a program evaluator. While deans and teachers share a common goal of educating students, their roles, responsibilities and perspectives differ significantly leading to different expectations. Both cohorts namely managerial level and ESP teachers should intensively discuss to obtain a satisfactory agreement in executing roles and responsibilities. Besides, when designing professional development, it is suggested to focus on two areas: enhancing and sustaining instructors' English proficiency and expanding language teaching knowledge and skills.