bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational eigenmodes of phospholipid layers in low‐wavenumber Raman spectrum of multilamellar vesicles
Authors: Dmitriev Alexey A. , Surovtsev Nikolay V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLow‐wavenumber Raman spectra of multilamellar vesicles are studied for phospholipids differing in the unsaturation degree, the hydrocarbon chain length, and the temperature of the gel‐fluid transition. For all phospholipids studied, the low‐temperature Raman spectra reveal the peaks attributed to vibrational eigenmodes of the lipid layers. Analysis of the experimental data allows us to identify the lowest eigenmodes of the bilayer, of the monolayer (leaflet), and of the hydrocarbon chain layer. In a continuum approximation, their spectral positions are determined by the ratio of the acoustic velocity and the layer thickness, although their Raman intensities depend on the interleaflet elastic coupling. Temperature dependences of the peak positions, effects of the unsaturation degree, and effects of the saline solution are considered in the work. Parameters of vibrational eigenmodes are determined by mesoscopic properties of bilayers, and the low‐wavenumber Raman spectroscopy becomes a powerful method for their description.
A model for interpreting depth profiles of confocal Raman measurements in reflective and transmitting materials
Authors: Chakraborty Subha , Kahan Tara F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a model and experimental evaluation of the depth profiles of total intensity in confocal Raman microscopy. The model assumes a Gaussian‐like beam for excitation and Raman emission to obtain a general description of the depth profile from an arbitrary sample. For samples that emit from the surface (i.e., that do not transmit light at the excitation wavelength), this model simplifies to a Lorenzian depth profile from which Rayleigh range can be extracted by the half‐width at half maxima. We extend the model to the case of transparent samples that offer significant refractive index mismatch across the surface. We show that in these cases, the axial increase of depth of focus can be approximated by two Gaussian foci, one at the paraxial focus and one at an oblique focus. This model accurately describes experimentally observed depth profiles of reflective samples and transparent samples. We further extend the analysis to the case of thin transparent films to demonstrate that the model can be used in conjunction with physical measurements to produce accurate measurements of film thickness.
Photocatalytical decoration of thin titania coatings with silver nanostructures provides a robust and reproducible SERS signal
Authors: Wiercigroch Ewelina , Kisielewska Aneta , Blat Aneta , Wislocka Adrianna , Piwoński Ireneusz , Malek Kamilla 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCost‐effective photocatalytic synthesis was used to fabricate silver nanostructures (AgNSs) on TiO2 coatings (AgNSs/TiO2) with plasmonic properties. In this study, the AgNSs growth controlled by variation of the concentration of Ag+ ions, hole scavengers, and ultraviolet illumination was systematically studied in terms of morphological characterization, extinction, and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). These structures with well‐defined and high photocatalytic properties show a plethora of shapes (from spherical to polygonal objects), diameter (8–108 nm), and surface coverage (12–62%). Morphological properties strongly affect nanoplasmonic features as revealed by electronic and SERS spectra. Surface enhancement of Raman signal was probed by using 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid to elucidate the stability and uniformity of the designed substrates. A detailed examination and correlation of geometrical parameters and SERS performance indicate synergistic contribution of the formation of hot spots between AgNSs. Some of the fabricated AgNSs present a very good homogeneity and reproducibility as well as long‐time stability. The highest enhancement factor in SERS was obtained for the Ag–TiO2 hybrids with a diameter and surface coverage of AgNSs less than 30 nm and larger than 50%, respectively.
Synthesis of Triazole‐Based Nonionic Surfactants for Nanostructured Drug Delivery: Investigation of Their Physicochemical and Biological Aspects
Authors: Alam Faima , Khan Momin , Ateeq Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSynthesis of novel nonionic surfactants has attracted attention of synthetic chemists due to the issues of the currently used commercial surfactants. The synthesis of three biocompatible triazole‐based nonionic surfactants is reported for nanovesicular drug loading. The surfactants were synthesized in a three‐step reaction and characterized using 1HNMR and mass spectroscopy techniques. They were investigated for their critical micelle concentration (CMC) using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer. Their biocompatibility was investigated against cell culture and in blood. All the synthesized nonionic surfactants were further explored for their nanovesicular drug loading using clarithromycin as a model hydrophobic drug. Nonionic surfactants revealed lower CMC in 35–45 μM and were less hemolytic and cytotoxic. They were capable of self‐assembling in nanosize niosomal vesicles encapsulating increased amounts of drug. The results suggest the synthesized nonionic surfactants as biocompatible nanotechnology‐based drug‐delivery vehicles.
Screening of live yeast and yeast derivatives for their impact of strain and dose on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial profiles with varying media pH levels in high‐forage beef cattle diet
Authors: Jiao Peixin , Wei Chuanzi , Sun Youran , Xie Xiaolai , Zhang Yonggen , Wang Sutian , Hu Guanghui , AlZahal Ousama , Yang Wenzhu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDYeast products showed beneficial effects with respect to stabilizing ruminal pH, stimulating ruminal fermentation and improving production efficiency. Batch cultures were conducted to evaluate the effects of yeast products on gas production (GP), dry matter disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics of high‐forage substrate. The study was a two media pH (5.8 and 6.5) × five yeasts (three live yeasts, LY: LY1, LY2, LY3; two yeast derivatives, YD: YD4, YD5) × four dosages factorial arrangement, with monensin (Mon) assigned as a positive control.RESULTSGreater (P < 0.01) GP, DMD, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P) and copy numbers of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were observed at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.8. The GP kinetics, DMD, VFA concentration, A:P and NH3‐N concentration differed (P < 0.05) among yeasts but varied with media pH or yeast dosages. Increasing doses of LY3 linearly increased DMD (P < 0.04) and VFA concentration (P < 0.001) at media pH 5.8. The DMD linearly (P < 0.02) increased with increased addition of YD4 (pH 6.5) and YD5 (pH 5.8) and the ratio of A:P linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with the addition of YD4 or YD5 at pH 5.8. Overall greater (P < 0.05) GP, A:P (pH 5.8) and DMD (pH 6.5) were observed with yeast products than with Mon.CONCLUSIONLY3 appeared to be an interesting candidate for improving rumen digestibility and fermentation efficiency, particularly at low media pH. YD4 or YD5 improved fermentation efficiency and can be potentially fed as an alternative to Mon. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Population‐based, nationwide registration of prostatectomies in Sweden
Authors: Cazzaniga Walter , Godtman Rebecka Arnsrud , Carlsson Stefan , Ahlgren Göran , Johansson Eva , Robinson David , Hugosson Jonas , Stattin Pär 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionRadical prostatectomy (RP) is a common surgical procedure with a risk of postoperative erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. There is a need for data on RP as a basis for quality assurance and benchmarking.MethodsIn 2015, prostatectomies in Sweden (PiS) form was implemented in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden with data on pre‐, peri‐ and post‐operative variables.ResultsOut of all radical prostatectomies performed in 2016 in Sweden, 3096/3881 (80%) were registered in PiS. A total of 2605 (84%) were robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and 491 (16%) were RRP (retropubic radical prostatectomy). RARP was performed by 91 surgeons of whom 47% operated more than 25 RP/year; and RRP was performed by 69 surgeons of whom 10% performed more than 25 RP/year. RARP had a longer operative time (median operating time: RARP 155 minutes [IQR 124‐190]; RRP 129 minutes [IQR 105‐171]; P < .001) but was associated with smaller bleeding (median intraoperative blood loss: RARP 100 mL [IQR 50‐200], RRP 700 mL [IQR 500‐1100]; P < .001).ConclusionsWe report on a nationwide, population‐based register with transparent reporting of data on the performance of radical prostatectomy. These data are needed as a basis for quality assurance with comparisons of results from individual surgeons and hospitals.
Screening and surgical prophylaxis for hereditary cancer syndromes with high risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer
Authors: Bercow Alexandra S. , Eisenhauer Eric L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the era of advanced cancer genomics, our recognition of hereditary cancer mutations continues to increase. Two of these conditions, which carry an increased risk of female cancers including endometrial, ovarian, breast, are hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome. Risk‐reducing surgery, such as mastectomy, salpingo‐oophorectomy, and hysterectomy may decrease cancer risk for mutation carriers. Background, indications, techniques, and consequences of these surgical procedures are reviewed.
Effects of Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health, and Relational Resilience on Perinatal Health
Authors: Scrafford Kathryn E. , Grein Katherine , Miller‐Graff Laura E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) during and prior to pregnancy has been linked to higher rates of pregnancy complications and early labor and delivery. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined prenatal mental health problems and relational resilience as parallel mechanisms by which past‐year IPV exposure impacts pregnancy and labor. The current study aimed to (a) examine the contribution of IPV exposure to pregnancy complications and early labor and delivery, controlling for childhood adversity, and (b) assess prenatal mental health and relational resilience as mediators of the effect of IPV exposure on pregnancy complications and early labor and delivery. We hypothesized that IPV would predict higher levels of mental health problems and lower levels of relational resilience, each of which would contribute to women's risk of labor complications such that fewer mental health problems and higher levels of relational resilience would each be associated with fewer pregnancy complications and early labor and delivery. Participants were (n = 76) interviewed during pregnancy and 6 weeks postdelivery. No direct effect of IPV exposure on either pregnancy complications or labor complications was found. Parallel indirect effects of IPV on labor via prenatal mental health, indirect effect size = −.09; 95% CI [−.224, −.011]; and relational resilience, indirect effect size = .13, 95% CI [.036, .329] were found. Brief, empirically tested IPV screens at prenatal clinics may help healthcare providers better identify IPV‐exposed patients. Clinical interventions targeting prenatal mental health and relational resilience may help improve labor outcomes for IPV‐exposed mothers.
Patterns of Treatment Disengagement and Personality Traits Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Recent‐Era U.S. Veterans Receiving Cognitive Processing Therapy
Authors: Lamkin Joanna , Hundt Natalie , Ahearn Eileen P. , Stanley Melinda , Smith Tracey L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLow treatment engagement is a barrier to implementation of empirically supported treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans. Understanding personality traits that predict dropout may help focus attempts to improve engagement. The current study included 90 veterans who served in recent conflicts in Iraq and/or Afghanistan and participated in a trial of cognitive processing therapy for PTSD. Goals were to characterize (a) personality correlates of PTSD, (b) patterns of engagement (i.e., attendance and homework completion), and (c) personality correlates of reduced engagement. Higher levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with a range of characteristics, including affective lability, r = .44 p < .001; anxiety, r = .38, p < .001; identity problems, r = .57, p < .001; intimacy problems, r = .34, p = .001; low affiliation, r = .33, p = .002; oppositionality, r = .36, p = .001; restricted expression, r = .35, p = .001; and suspiciousness, r = .50, p < .001. Notably, veterans with worse PTSD symptoms endorsed more cognitive dysregulation, r = .40, p < .001; and less insecure attachment, r = .14, p = .190, than expected. Only 52.2% of veterans completed the 12‐session course of treatment and 31.0% of participants completed fewer than six sessions. Personality traits did not predict attendance or homework completion. Disengagement continues to be a significant issue in trauma‐focused treatment for veterans with PTSD. Understanding veteran‐level factors, such as personality traits, may be useful considerations for future research seeking to understand and improve engagement.
Association of two BRM promoter polymorphisms and smoking status with malignant pleural mesothelioma risk and prognosis
Authors: Lee Min Joon , Kuehne Nathan , Hueniken Katrina , Liang Shermi , Rai Sudhir , Sorotsky Hadas , Herman Michael , Shepshelovich Daniel , Bruce Jeffrey , Liang Mindy , Patel Devalben , Cheng Dangxiao , Chen Zhuo , Eng Lawson , Brown M. Catherine , Cho John , Leighl Natasha B. , de Perrot Marc , Reisman David , Xu Wei , Bradbury Penelope A. , Liu Geoffrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBrahma (BRM), of the SWI/SNF complex, has two 6 to 7 bp insertion promoter polymorphisms (BRM‐741/BRM‐1321) that cause epigenetic BRM suppression, and are associated with risk of multiple cancers. BRM polymorphisms were genotyped in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cases and asbestos‐exposed controls. Multivariable logistic regression (risk) and Cox regression (prognosis) were performed, including stratified analyses by smoking status to investigate the effect of polymorphisms on MPM risk and prognosis. Although there was no significant association overall between BRM‐741/BRM‐1321 and risk in patients with MPM, a differential effect by smoking status was observed (P‐interaction < .001), where homozygous variants were protective (aOR of 0.18‐0.28) in ever smokers, while never smokers had increased risk when carrying homozygous variants (aOR of 2.7‐4.4). While there was no association between BRM polymorphisms and OS in ever‐smokers, the aHR of carrying homozygous‐variants of BRM‐741, BRM‐1321 or both were 4.0 to 8.6 in never‐smokers when compared to wild‐type carriers. Mechanistically, lower mRNA expression of BRM was associated with poorer general cancer prognosis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments (ChIP) revealed high BRM insertion variant homology to MEF2 regulatory binding sites. ChIP experimentation confirmed MEF2 binding only occurs in the presence of insertion variants. DNA‐affinity purification assays revealed YWHA scaffold proteins as vital to BRM mRNA expression. Never‐smokers who carry BRM homozygous variants have an increased chance of developing MPM, which results in worse prognosis. In contrast, in ever‐smokers, there may be a protective effect, with no difference in overall survival. Mechanisms for the interaction between BRM and smoking require further study.
Fixed margin price undercutting: An adequate entry strategy in a market with switching costs?
Authors: Bartholomae Florian W. , Morasch Karl , Seebode Rita Orsolya 
Published: July 2019

PurposeWe try to determine the best strategy for entering a market with switching costs that is initially served by a monopolistic incumbent.FindingsWe show that an offer to undercut the incumbent by a fixed margin (FM) dominates traditional entry with a binding price offer (BO) as this conditional pricing strategy restrains the ability of the incumbent to block entry by limit pricing. Combining FM with a price ceiling (PC) insures customers against future price increases and turns out to be optimal for markets with elastic demand as long as cost uncertainty is not an issue.ConclusionUsing a more elaborate entry strategy may facilitate entry in markets with switching costs. However, as these strategies may decrease welfare, they should be closely monitored by antitrust authorities.
Factors Affecting Postrelease Survival of Coded-Wire-Tagged Lake Trout in Lake Michigan at Four Historical Spawning Locations
Authors: Kornis Matthew S. , Bronte Charles R. , Holey Mark E. , Hanson S. Dale , Treska Theodore J. , Jonas Jory L. , Madenjian Charles P. , Claramunt Randall M. , Robillard Steven R. , Breidert Brian , Donner Kevin C. , Lenart Stephen J. , Martell Archie W. , McKee Patrick C. , Olsen Erik J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since the 1950s, fishery agencies on Lake Michigan have pursued Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush rehabilitation through Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus control, harvest regulations, and stocking millions of fish annually. Stocking was prioritized at four historically important spawning locations beginning in 1985, and coded wire tags (CWTs) were used to help evaluate performance. We used data from coded-wire-tagged fish captured in fishery-independent surveys from 1998 to 2014 to evaluate relative postrelease survival of Lake Trout, estimated by CPUE and corrected for the number of fish stocked, across 173 CWT lots of the 1994–2003 year-classes stocked at the four locations. Boosted regression tree models were used to assess the relative influence of four variables on Lake Trout CPUE in two age-groups (ages 4–5 and ages 6–10) and were paired with ANOVAs to test for statistical significance. Genetic strain (29.1%), stocking location (27.8%), mortality at release (23.1%), and predator density (19.9%) had similar influences on the relative survival of younger fish, whereas the relative survival of older fish was heavily influenced by stocking location (79.8%). Survival of both age-groups was lowest for fish stocked in the Northern Refuge, where the age structure was truncated due to fishery harvest and Sea Lamprey predation. Survival of stocked fish was higher at the Southern Refuge, Clay Banks, and Julian's Reef, where mortality from Sea Lamprey and harvest was lower and where increases in wild Lake Trout have been observed in recent years. Stocked Lake Michigan remnant genetic strains also appeared to survive better than strains from other lakes at these three locations, but strain effects could not be fully disentangled from the effects of stocking location, and the continued stocking of multiple genetic strains may provide resiliency to future selection pressures. Continued progress toward rehabilitation will require reducing fishing and Sea Lamprey-induced mortality in northern Lake Michigan to build parental stocks of advanced ages as well as balancing efforts among competing management goals.
3D DEM simulation of principal stress rotation in different planes of cross‐anisotropic granular materials
Authors: Xue Long , Kruyt Niels P. , Wang Rui , Zhang Jian‐Min 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThree‐dimensional Discrete Element Method simulations have been performed to study the deformation of cross‐anisotropic granular materials under principal stress rotation (PSR), for rotation planes oriented at different angles θ with respect to the bedding plane. The simulations have been conducted with a novel technique for applying specified stresses at three‐dimensional boundaries. The results are qualitatively in agreement with experimental results from literature. Cumulative volume contraction is always observed under continuous PSR and increases with increasing θ. The dilatancy rate decreases with increasing number of PSR cycles, tending to zero. The noncoaxiality angle between the strain increment and the stress in the PSR plane increases with increasing number of cycles, reaching the same asymptotic value for samples of various densities and for various θ. Periodic oscillations of the dilatancy rate and noncoaxiality angle within each PSR cycle are observed with an increasing oscillation magnitude with increasing θ, due to the larger fabric anisotropy within the PSR plane. When θ = 30 or 60°, significant noncoaxial strain accumulation occurs in the plane perpendicular to the PSR plane due to the oblique angle between the PSR plane and the bedding plane, echoing the major principal fabric direction's being neither parallel nor perpendicular to the PSR plane. The macroscopic behavior of the samples is related to the microscopic parameters including coordination number and fabric anisotropy. With increasing number of cycles, the difference between normalized stress/strain/fabric increment tensors tends to become constant, with only a small lag between each pair, irrespective of θ.
Affective organizational commitment among nursing home employees: A longitudinal study on the influence of a health‐promoting work environment
Authors: Grødal Karoline , Innstrand Siw Tone , Haugan Gørill , André Beate 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether affective organizational commitment (AOC) among nursing home employees is enhanced by a health‐promoting work environment, conceptualized as high levels of job resources, work‐related sense of coherence (work‐SOC) and low levels of job demands.DesignThis study used a longitudinal design. Survey data were collected with a 1‐year interval between 2015/2016–2016/2017 among nursing home employees in Norway.MethodsStructural equation modelling was used to analyse the longitudinal data (N = 166) and cross‐sectional data from the first time point (N = 558).ResultsThe results supported that work‐SOC was strongly and positively related to AOC. Job resources and job demands were positively and negatively related, respectively, to work‐SOC but were not related to future AOC. The indirect effects of autonomy and supervisor support on AOC, via work‐SOC, were significant. The indirect effects regarding social community at work, emotional demands and role conflict were unclear.
A simulative overview on fiber predictions models for discontinuous long fiber composites
Authors: Kuhn Christoph , Koerner Enrico , Taeger Olaf 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring the molding of fiber reinforced plastics, complex behavior of long fibers are observed which lead to significant changes in fiber orientation and fiber content distribution as compared to short fiber reinforced plastics. In earlier publications, a direct fiber simulation approach with a mechanistic model has been presented to display the complex fiber behavior inside simple geometries, which is mainly influenced by fiber interactions during flow. In this article, the prediction with the mechanistic model is evaluated in a complex geometry and compared to commercially available direct fiber simulation as well as traditional simulation tools. In this overview, the fiber parameters of fiber orientation and fiber content distribution are analyzed and compared to experimental data. Conclusively, it is shown that the predictions with a mechanistic model show the most accurate results regarding fiber orientation and fiber content distribution, with the downside of a significantly longer computational time.