bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal deixis and cognitive models in early Indo-European
Authors: Bartolotta Annamaria 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper is a comparative study based on the linguistic evidence in Vedic Sanskrit and Homeric Greek, aimed at reconstructing the space-time cognitive models used in the Proto-Indo-European language in a diachronic perspective. While it has been widely recognized that ancient Indo-European languages construed earlier (and past) events as in front of later ones, as predicted in the Time-Reference-Point mapping, it is less clear how in the same languages the passage took place from this ‘archaic’ Time-RP model or non-deictic sequence, in which future events are behind or follow the past ones in a temporal sequence, to the more recent ‘post-archaic’ Ego-RP model that is found only from the classical period onwards, in which the future is located in front and the past in back of a deictic observer. Data from the Rigveda and the Homeric poems show that an Ego-RP mapping with an ego-perspective frame of reference (FoR) could not have existed yet at an early Indo-European stage. In particular, spatial terms offrontandbehindturn out to be used with reference not only to temporal events, but also to east and west respectively, thus presupposing the existence of an absolute field-based FoR which the temporal sequence is metaphorically related to. Specifically,sequence is relative position on a pathappears to be motivated by what has been calledday orientationframe, in which the different positions of the sun during the day motivate the mapping offrontonto ‘earlier’ andbehindonto ‘later’, without involving ego’s ‘now’. These findings suggest that early Indo-European still had not made use of spatio-temporal deixis based on the tense-related ego-perspective FoR found in modern languages.
Metabolism and mechanisms of action of hyaluronan in human biology
Authors: Joy Reenu Anne , Vikkath Narendranath , Ariyannur Prasanth S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHyaluronan is a ubiquitous high-molecular weight polymer of repeated disaccharides of glucuronic acid andN-acetylglucosamine. It is a membrane-bound, viscous material extruded into the extracellular matrix after being synthesized in the cytoplasm by hyaluronan synthases complex and a regulated degradation by a group of enzymes called hyaluronidases. Hyaluronan has varied biological roles on many vital organismal functions, such as cellular and tissue development, migration and repair after injury or inflammation and cancer genesis. Hyaluronan in the tissue microenvironment is regulated by its concentration as well as the chain length of the polysaccharide. Many functions of hyaluronan are mediated by specific receptors at the cellular level, though its general physiochemical properties facilitate and coordinate many organ functions as well as in development. These fundamental characteristics of hyaluronan are reviewed, focusing on human biological context.
HDAC1 knockdown inhibits invasion and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Libin , Bu Liang , Hu Jiang , Xu Zheyuan , Ruan Libo , Fang Yan , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant tumor. Although the abnormal expression and potential clinical prognostic value of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) were recently discovered in many kinds of cancer, the roles and molecular mechanisms of HDAC1 in NSCLC is still limited. The CCK-8 assay is used to evaluate the viability of NSCLC cells. Downregulation of HDAC1 by shRNA. The TUNEL assay was used to evaluate the role of HDAC1 in NSCLC apoptosis. To evaluate the role of HDAC1 in NSCLC cells migration, the Boyden chamber transwell assay and wound healing assay were used. To evaluate the cells invasion, the matrigel precoated Transwell assay was used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-8 in NSCLC. To investigate the role of HDAC1 in angiogenesis, the tube formation assay was investigated. In this study, we showed that HDAC1 expression was elevated in NSCLC lines compared to that in normal liver cells LO2. Furthermore, downregulation of HDAC1 inhibited cell proliferation, prevented cell migration, decreased cell invasion, reduced tumor angiogenesis and induced cell apoptosis. In summary, HDAC1 may be regarded as a potential indicator for NSCLC patient treatment.
A Novel Bio-Inspired Algorithm Based on Social Spiders for Improving Performance and Efficiency of Data Clustering
Authors: Thalamala Ravi Chandran , Venkata Swamy Reddy A. , Janet B. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Since the last decade, the collective intelligent behavior of groups of animals, birds or insects have attracted the attention of researchers. Swarm intelligence is the branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the implementation of intelligent systems by taking inspiration from the collective behavior of social insects and other societies of animals. Many meta-heuristic algorithms based on aggregative conduct of swarms through complex interactions with no supervision have been used to solve complex optimization problems. Data clustering organizes data into groups called clusters, such that each cluster has similar data. It also produces clusters that could be disjoint. Accuracy and efficiency are the important measures in data clustering. Several recent studies describe bio-inspired systems as information processing systems capable of some cognitive ability. However, existing popular bio-inspired algorithms for data clustering ignored good balance between exploration and exploitation for producing better clustering results. In this article, we propose a bio-inspired algorithm, namely social spider optimization (SSO), for clustering that maintains a good balance between exploration and exploitation using female and male spiders, respectively. We compare results of the proposed algorithm SSO with K means and other nature-inspired algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO) and improved bee colony optimization (IBCO). We find it to be more robust as it produces better clustering results. Although SSO solves the problem of getting stuck in the local optimum, it needs to be modified for locating the best solution in the proximity of the generated global solution. Hence, we hybridize SSO with K means, which produces good results in local searches. We compare proposed hybrid algorithms SSO+K means (SSOKC), integrated SSOKC (ISSOKC), and interleaved SSOKC (ILSSOKC) with K means+PSO (KPSO), K means+genetic algorithm (KGA), K means+artificial bee colony (KABC) and interleaved K means+IBCO (IKIBCO) and find better clustering results. We use sum of intra-cluster distances (SICD), average cosine similarity, accuracy and inter-cluster distance to measure and validate the performance and efficiency of the proposed clustering techniques.
Real-time gaze estimation via pupil center tracking
Authors: Cazzato Dario , Dominio Fabio , Manduchi Roberto , Castro Silvia M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Automatic gaze estimation not based on commercial and expensive eye tracking hardware solutions can enable several applications in the fields of human computer interaction (HCI) and human behavior analysis. It is therefore not surprising that several related techniques and methods have been investigated in recent years. However, very few camera-based systems proposed in the literature are both real-time and robust. In this work, we propose a real-time user-calibration-free gaze estimation system that does not need person-dependent calibration, can deal with illumination changes and head pose variations, and can work with a wide range of distances from the camera. Our solution is based on a 3-D appearance-based method that processes the images from a built-in laptop camera. Real-time performance is obtained by combining head pose information with geometrical eye features to train a machine learning algorithm. Our method has been validated on a data set of images of users in natural environments, and shows promising results. The possibility of a real-time implementation, combined with the good quality of gaze tracking, make this system suitable for various HCI applications.
Cohesive Property Evaluation of Crack Sealants Using a Low-Temperature Tensile Tester
Authors: Xue Hengxiao , Cao Liping , Hou Xiangchen , Tan Yiqiu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a new test method that was developed to evaluate the cohesive properties of crack sealants at low temperatures. The low-temperature tensile tester (LTTT) used in this test method was self-developed as a result of field-investigation experiences. Field investigations of crack expansion were conducted in four climate regions in Heilongjiang Province, China, to understand the actual working environment. The LTTT, highly efficient and equipped with a wide measurement range, was then developed. The cohesive specimen is dog-bone shaped and 24 × 24 mm in width and thickness, a size selected based on the test results of various specimen dimensions. The optimal elongation rate was 100 mm/h, and displacement-at-failure emerged as the evaluation index, having been derived from the analysis of test results at various temperatures and elongation rates. According to the results of field investigation, the threshold values of displacement-at-failure were 84, 60, 36, and 28.8 mm, from the lowest to the highest temperature region. The cohesive properties of six types of sealant were assessed on the threshold-evaluation values of the various regions. This test method can effectively differentiate the cohesive properties of various sealants and can be applied in a diversity of climate regions.
MeCP2 Deficiency Leads to Loss of Glial Kir4.1
Authors: Kahanovitch Uri , Cuddapah Vishnu A. , Pacheco Natasha L. , Holt Leanne M. , Mulkey Daniel K. , Percy Alan K. , Olsen Michelle L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder usually caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). RTT is typified by apparently normal development until 6–18 mo of age, when motor and communicative skills regress and hand stereotypies, autonomic symptoms, and seizures present. Restoration of MeCP2 function selectively to astrocytes reversed several deficits in a murine model of RTT, but the mechanism of this rescue is unknown. Astrocytes carry out many essential functions required for normal brain functioning, including extracellular K+buffering. Kir4.1, an inwardly rectifying K+channel, is largely responsible for the channel-mediated K+regulation by astrocytes. Loss-of-function mutations in Kir4.1 in human patients result in a severe neurodevelopmental disorder termed EAST or SESAME syndrome. Here, we evaluated astrocytic Kir4.1 expression in a murine model of Rett syndrome. We demonstrate by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis that Kir4.1 is a direct molecular target of MeCP2. Astrocytes fromMecp2-deficient mice express significantly less Kir4.1 mRNA and protein, which translates into a >50% deficiency in Ba2+-sensitive Kir4.1-mediated currents, and impaired extracellular potassium dynamics. By examining astrocytes in isolation, we demonstrate that loss of Kir4.1 is cell autonomous. Assessment through postnatal development revealed that Kir4.1 expression inMecp2-deficient animals never reaches adult, wild-type levels, consistent with a neurodevelopmental disorder. These are the first data implicating a direct MeCP2 molecular target in astrocytes and provide novel mechanistic insight explaining a potential mechanism by which astrocytic dysfunction may contribute to RTT.
Amygdala Adaptation and Temporal Dynamics of the Salience Network in Conditioned Fear: A Single-Trial fMRI Study
Authors: Yin Siyang , Liu Yuelu , Petro Nathan M. , Keil Andreas , Ding Mingzhou 
Published: February 2018

AbstractResearch in rodents has established the role of the amygdaloid complex in defensive responses to conditioned threat. In human imaging studies, however, activation of the amygdala by conditioned threat cues is often not observed. One hypothesis states that this finding reflects adaptation of amygdaloid responses over time. We tested this hypothesis by estimating single-trial neural responses over a large number of conditioning trials. Functional MRI (fMRI) was recorded from 18 participants during classical differential fear conditioning: Participants viewed oriented grayscale grating stimuli (45° or 135°) presented centrally in random order. In the acquisition block, one grating (the CS+) was paired with a noxious noise, the unconditioned stimulus (US), on 25% of trials. The other grating, denoted CS–, was never paired with the US. Consistent with previous reports, BOLD in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula, but not the amygdala, was heightened when viewing CS+ stimuli that were not paired with US compared to CS– stimuli. Trial-by-trial analysis showed that over the course of acquisition, activity in the amygdala attenuated. Interestingly, activity in the dACC and insula also declined. Representational similarity analysis (RSA) corroborated these results, indicating that the voxel patterns evoked by CS+ and CS– in these brain regions became less distinguishable over time. Together, the present findings support the hypothesis that the lack of BOLD differences in the amygdaloid complex in many studies of classical conditioning is due to adaptation, and the adaptation effects may reflect changes in large-scale networks mediating aversive conditioning, particularly the salience network.
Asas da Florestania: languages and cultures at play in the forest-based citizenship literacy program in Brazil
Authors: Ramos Sollai Silvia 
Published: February 2018

This methodological article applies the Continua of Biliteracy (Hornberger, 1989; Hornberger & Skilton-Sylvester, 2000) onto the curriculum and human resources of Asas da Florestania Infantil, namely Asinhas, a preschool initiative with United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognition for its startling approach to the Acre an multilingual setting in northwestern Brazil. Overseen, forest-dependent, Acre’s identity is a traditional and hybridculture melting pot with sustainable rubber tapping advocates, indigenous land claimers and Haitian refugees, where languages and literacy converge to legitimate the Brazilian linguistic and cultural diversity. Initially funded by national communication mogul Rede Globo and the World Bank, today, it also responds to municipal, state, and federal accountability. We concludedthat Asinhas’ recruitment of Educational Agents to promote meaningful forest-based content at an anthropological home visits approach is an outstanding decentralization and multilingual setting and curriculum acknowledgement, despite its population under representation and scaling-up limitations.
A avaliação integrada no exame Celpe-Bras e as tarefas de leitura e escrita
Authors: Mendel Kaiane , Schoffen Juliana Roquele 
Published: February 2018

The Certificate of Proficiency in Portuguese Language for Foreigners (Celpe-Bras) aims to assess language proficiency by integrating comprehension and production skills. Despite being a controversial issue, integrated assessment is inaccordance with the theoretical construct of the Celpe-Bras exam, based on a dialogical perspective of language. As such, this paper investigates how the Celpe-Bras exam presents the concept of integrated assessment in its publicdocuments, specifications and assessment parameters. Furthermore, it discusses how the analyzed tasks assess reading and writing. The results point to the need for a better description and operationalization of integrated assessment inthe exam, and demonstrate the importance of the task instruction for the integration of skills and to emphasize the complexity of comprehension assessment in this type of task. The reflections presented can contribute to the description of the comprehension and production assessment in the Celpe-Bras exam and to the promotion of new discussions on integrated tasks.
Application of Bosnia v Serbia to the Individualist Charge of Ineffectiveness: A Defense of State Responsibility
Authors: Lambrecht Felix 
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to combat the individualist challenge to the notion of state responsibility in international law. That is, this paper attempts to counter the criticism of international law that suggests responsibility for wrongful acts should be attributed to individuals rather than states. While prior scholarship has focused on the individualist's fairness complaint, this paper focuses on the charge of ineffectiveness that would remove states as the primary duty-bearers in international law. By using the International Court of Justice case of Bosnia v Serbia (2007), this paper demonstrates that there are long-term important obligations in the international system that require states to remain primary duty-bearers in international law.
AL-QUR’AN ITU MENJAGA DIRI: PERANAN REGULASI DIRI PENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Lukmawati Lukmawati , Tanjung Faisal , Supriyanto Jhon 
Published: February 2018

This research discussed about self regulation of Al-Qur'an reminder students at Rumah Qur'an Daarut Tarbiyah Palembang. This research used qualitative research with fenomenology design. The research result showed that after passing all the steps in self regulation to finish 30 chapters of Al-Qur'an so the eight research subjects got one same meaning of Al-Qur’an, that is Al-Qur'an is a way to protect their selves for instance: to protect their image/honor, to protect their purity by doing wudhu,to protect their eyes to see only a good thing, to protect their behaviour, to protect their selves in order to not includedin a group of unreliable people who did not do what they said,to protect their akhlak and attitude, to protect their way to wear an appropriate clothes based on syar’i, and the last isto protect their behaviour in communicating with other people especially to the older people.
Tanburi Ali Efendi'nin Sûz'i-Dil ve Sipihr Makamlarındaki Klasik Takımlarının Çok Boyutlu İçerik Analizi
Authors: Özakalın Mehmet Uğur , Avcı Akbel Burcu 
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada Tanbûri Ali Efendi’nin Klasik Türk Müziği açısından oldukça önemli olan Sûzidil
ve Sipihr Makamlarında bestelediği klasik takımlarındaki eserleri üzerinde içerik analizi yöntemi
kullanılarak bazı verilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. “Müziksel ve sözel yapı” başlıkları altında eserlerin usulleri, çalgısal ve sözel bölümleri, kullanılan ikili aralıklar, vezinler, toplam sözcük sayısı,
sözcük kategorisi ve sözcüklerin kullanım sıklığı belirlenmiştir. Tanbûri Ali Efendi’nin besteleri
üzerinde çeşitli teknik karşılaştırmalar yapılmasının yanı sıra onun Sûz’i-dil ve Sipihr makamlarını kullanımı ve bu makamlara uygun gördüğü güftelerdeki sözcüklerin dağılımına bakılarak her
iki makam için beste ve güfte kullanımı arasında farklılık olup olmadığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.&nbsp;
Resection of a Giant-Cell Tumor of the Proximal Aspect of the Radius with Osteoarticular Allograft Reconstruction
Authors: Nayar Suresh K. , Dein Eric J. , Spiker Andrea M. , Bernard Johnathan A. , Zikria Bashir A. , Weber Kristy L. 
Published: February 2018

Case:
Giant-cell tumors are locally aggressive osteolytic benign tumors that are characterized by multinucleated giant cells. Recurrence rates are ≤30% after curettage and <5% after resection, but reconstruction can be difficult. We describe an osteoarticular allograft reconstruction of the proximal aspect of the radius in a 23-year-old man after resection of a giant-cell tumor.

Conclusion:
Five months after surgery, the patient had satisfactory joint articulation, range of motion, and strength, with no signs of hardware or graft failure. By 17 months, there was complete osseous union. The joint remained stable at 54 months. We describe our surgical approach, which restores joint stability and minimizes recurrence.
Evaluasi Toleran Kekeringan dan Analisis Kestabilan Padi Transgenik Penanda Aktivasi cv. Nipponbare
Authors: Ma'sumah Ma'sumah , Santoso Tri Joko , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. 
Published: February 2018

<p>Cekaman kekeringan adalah salah satu faktor pembatas penting pada peningkatan produksi padi di Indonesia. Salah satunya cara pemecahannya adalah identifikasi gen-gen yang dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki varietas padi toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Sejumlah galur padi transgenic kultivar Nipponbare yang membawa vector penanda aktivasi telah dihasilkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Untuk mengetahui apakah vector penanda aktivasi yang telah terintegrasi menghasilkan fenotipik peningkatan fungsi gen dalam responnya terhadap kekeringan, galur-galur tersebut perlu untuk dianalisis secara genotipk dan fenotipik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman fenotipik akar galur-galur transgenik generasi T<sub>1</sub> yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan mendapatkan galur-galur yang stabil membawa penanda aktivasi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 47 individu galur transgenik, dua galur cek toleran (IRAT112 dan Cabacu), galur cek peka (IR64) dan tipe liar (Nipponbare). Sebelum evaluasi fenotip akar dan deteksi gen hptII dan bar, galur-galur padi transgenik dikonfirmasi dengan skrining pada larutan herbisida basta pada tahap perkecambahan. Kemampuan menembus akar dari galur-galur padi transgenik dievaluasi pada pot plastik yang dilapisi dengan paraffin-vaselin. Stabilitas galur-galur transgenik mutan dideteksi dengan amplifikasi gen <em>hpt</em>II dan bar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar galur-galur Nipponbare transgenik yang diuji mampu berkecambah pada larutan herbisida basta. Ini menunjukkan bahwa galur-galur tersebut adalah memang tanaman transgenik mengandung gen bar. Pengujian fenotipik daya tembus akar mengindikasikan bahwa dua galur padi transgenik mempunyai karakteristik akar yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai galur toleran kekeringan, yaitu M-Nip-50.1 dan M-Nip-51.13. Uji stabilitas gen bar menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 galur-galur mutan transgenik stabil yang terdeteksi dengan analisis molekuler rmenggunakan primer spesifik gen <em>hpt</em>II dan <em>bar</em><em> g</em>alur tersebut adalah M-Nip.12.12, M-Nip 19.18, M-Nip.19.9 and M-Nip 20.13.</p>
Multiplikasi Tunas dan Konservasi In-Vitro Tanaman Belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) dengan Metode Pertumbuhan Minimal
Authors: Sabda Muhamad , Dewi Nurwita 
Published: February 2018

<p><strong><em>In Vitro</em> Shoot Multiplication and Conservation of Belitung (<em>Xanthosoma sagittifolium</em> (L.) Schott) using Minimal Growth Conservation Method. Muhammad Sabda and Nurwita Dewi</strong>. Belitung is one of potential food crops which has a lot of benefit. Belitung germplasm collection was conserved in the field which is vurnerable to biotic and abiotic stress. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of BAP on <em>in-vitro</em> shoot multiplication of belitung, and to study influences of osmoticum (mannitol) and retardan (paclobutrazol) to the growth of belitung culture. Experimental design used in this research was randomized completely design with three replications. Shoot from sucker were used as explant. In study of shoot multiplication, the treatment medium was MS + BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 mg/l). In study of conservation, the treatment medium was MS + 30 g/l sucrose, ½ MS + 30 g/l sucrose, MS + 15 g/l sucrose, MS + Mannitol (20, 40 and 60 g/l) and MS + Paclobutrazol (1, 2 and 3 mg/ l). The result showed that the addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) into MS medium increased number of shoot of belitung. The best medium for micropropagation of belitung germplasm was MS + BAP 3 mg/l. The highest number of shoot (7.6 shoots) was produced by MS + BAP 3 mg/l medium. MS + mannitol (20 and 40 g/l) and MS + paclobutrazol (1, 2, and 3 mg/l) medium could reduce the plant growth. MS + Paclobutrazol 2 mg/l was the best medium for belitung conservation. This media could reduce plant growth during eight months conservation period and prolong subculture interval.</p>