bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of B0 eddy current effects in spiral MRI
Authors: Robison Ryan K. , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Dinghui , Ooi Melvyn B. , Pipe James G. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
B0 eddy currents are a subtle but important source of artifacts in spiral MRI. This study illustrates the importance of addressing these artifacts and presents a system response‐based eddy current correction strategy using B0 eddy current phase measurements on a phantom.
Methods
B0 and linear eddy current system response measurements were estimated from phantom‐based measurement and used to predict residual eddy current effects in spiral acquisitions. The measurements were evaluated across multiple systems and gradient sets. The corresponding eddy current corrections were studied in both axial spiral‐in/out TSE and sagittal spiral‐out MPRAGE volunteer data.
Results
Correction of B0 eddy currents using the proposed method mitigated blurriness in the axial spiral‐in/out images and artifacts in the sagittal spiral‐out images. The system response measurement was found to yield repeatable results over time with some variation in the B0 eddy current responses measured between different systems.
Conclusions
The proposed eddy current correction framework was effective in mitigating the effects of residual B0 and linear eddy currents. Any spiral acquisition should take residual eddy currents into account. This is particularly important in spiral‐in/out acquisitions.
Bayesian sample size determination for phase IIA clinical trials using historical data and semi‐parametric prior's elicitation
Authors: Berchialla Paola , Zohar Sarah , Baldi Ileana 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe Simon's two‐stage design is the most commonly applied among multi‐stage designs in phase IIA clinical trials. It combines the sample sizes at the two stages in order to minimize either the expected or the maximum sample size.When the uncertainty about pre‐trial beliefs on the expected or desired response rate is high, a Bayesian alternative should be considered since it allows to deal with the entire distribution of the parameter of interest in a more natural way.In this setting, a crucial issue is how to construct a distribution from the available summaries to use as a clinical prior in a Bayesian design.In this work, we explore the Bayesian counterparts of the Simon's two‐stage design based on the predictive version of the single threshold design. This design requires specifying two prior distributions: the analysis prior, which is used to compute the posterior probabilities, and the design prior, which is employed to obtain the prior predictive distribution. While the usual approach is to build beta priors for carrying out a conjugate analysis, we derived both the analysis and the design distributions through linear combinations of B‐splines.The motivating example is the planning of the phase IIA two‐stage trial on anti‐HER2 DNA vaccine in breast cancer, where initial beliefs formed from elicited experts' opinions and historical data showed a high level of uncertainty. In a sample size determination problem, the impact of different priors is evaluated.
Risk, Hazards, and Crises in Research: What Risks Get Researched, Where, and How?
Authors: Kuipers Sanneke , van Grieken Bob J. , van Asselt Marjolein B. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis review article maps the shifts and trends in the risk literature regarding particular risk types across the past 30+ years. Not only does it address which hazards and risks receive scholarly attention, but also from which perspective. A similar review on crisis literature (Kuipers & Welsh, ) reported that on average only 14 percent of the articles in three crisis and disaster journals pertained explicitly to risk research. Does risk research perhaps pay more attention to crises than the other way around? Our multivariate regression analysis of the different types and themes reveals how some risk types are researched and discussed almost exclusively from a particular angle. Also, the large majority of articles from some perspectives only take a limited variety of risks into account. Mapping risk research indicates not only which topics and themes have received increasing or structural attention but also which ones, or which combination of risk types and perspectives, perhaps deserve more study than they currently receive.
A Nontoxic, Bio‐friendly, Fluorescent Chemodosimeter for Hypochlorite Detection in Living Cells through the Oxidation of Hypochlorite on a Hydrazide System
Authors: Sain Dibyendu , Manna Abhishek , Kumari Chanda , Das Mukhopadhyay Chitrangada , Goswami Shyamaprosad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA simple, nontoxic, bio‐friendly, fluorescent chemodosimeter based on 2,4‐dinitrobenzene and thio‐rhodamine was designed and synthesized for the detection of toxic hypochlorite with high selectivity and sensitivity. First time, the oxidation property of the hypochlorite ion was applied on a hydrazide system (Ar−NH−N<). Practical utility of the sensor was proved through simple and fast visual detection of hypochlorite. Absorption and emission spectra exhibited the fast sensing capability of the sensor towards hypochlorite. The nontoxic, bio‐friendly properties of the sensor in living cells increased its real time practical applicability as it was successfully applied for in‐vitro detection of toxic hypochlorite in living cells.
The Crystallization Mechanism of the Octahedron‐Like Ce1‐xYbxO2‐x/2 and Ce1‐xLuxO2‐x/2 Ceria‐Based Mixed Oxide.
Authors: Małecka Małgorzata A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe crystal growth process of the octahedron‐like Ce0.95(Yb or Lu)0.05O1.975 was studied by the various techniques. It has been found that the oriented attachment mechanism plays the main role during the crystal growth process. The detailed examination of the crystallite growth process was possible thanks to phosphates‐addition as a thin film on the oxide surface. The octahedron‐like, iso‐oriented crystals are built of the small octahedral mixed oxides crystals via the oriented attachment process. The mechanism of the crystal growth of the pure ceria is probably the same but the there is no thin film of the cerium phosphate on the ceria crystals surface.
Digital Explanation as Assessment in University Science
Authors: Nielsen Wendy , Georgiou Helen , Jones Pauline , Turney Annette 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAssessments in tertiary science subjects typically assess content knowledge, and there is current need to both develop and assess different forms of knowledge and skills, such as communications and digital literacies. A digital explanation is a multimodal artefact created by students to explain science to a specified audience, which is an alternate form of assessment that has potential to develop and assess these other important forms of knowledge and skills. This research draws from perspectives in multimodality, educational semiotics and science education to gain a better understanding of digital explanation as a form of assessment in university science. Data sources include digital artefacts (n = 42), task descriptions and rubrics and pre-/post-interviews (n = 21) with students who created them as a task in a university science subject. Analysis involved identifying the range of media resources used across the data set, seeking patterns in how multiple resources were used and exploring students’ perspectives on the task, including their design decisions. A more detailed look at artefacts from three different science learning contexts illustrates that students base their design decisions on the content knowledge being represented, their technical capabilities to generate them and how to engage the audience. Students enjoy this form of assessment and feel that the tasks allowed them to demonstrate different sorts of capabilities than are normally assessed in their subjects. Recommendations for instructors provide guidance for considering this sort of task in tertiary science contexts.
AdNut study: effectiveness of a high calorie and protein oral nutritional supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in an older malnourished population in usual clinical practice
Authors:   AdNut group, de Luis D. A. , Izaola O. , López L. , Blanco B. , Colato C. A. , Kelly O. J. , Sanz R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of a high calorie and protein, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate containing oral nutritional supplement (HP-HMB-ONS), on nutritional status, activities of daily living and quality of life (QoL) in old malnourished subjects.

Methods
We conducted an observational, prospective, open label, multicenter study. Participants were > 65 years, undernourished or at nutritional risk [Nutrition Risk Score (NRS) ≥ 3] and had been included on an ONS (HP-HMB-ONS twice daily for 12 weeks) per standard of care. Visits at baseline (V1), 6 weeks (V2) and 12 weeks (V3) were performed. The primary endpoints were gain of body weight, change in body mass index (BMI) and NRS 2002 index. Data from QoL (EQ-5D-3L) and activities of daily living (Katz index) were also collected.

Results
A total of 235 participants were included in the study. Of these 148 took at least a 75% of the HP-HMB-ONS and were included in the analysis (per protocol); median age was 80.0 (SD:8.3) years, 65.5% (n = 97) were female, 67.6% (n = 100) had 2 or more diseases. At V3, a statistically significant increase in weight (2.1 kg; SD: 3.8) (p < 0.001) and BMI (0.8 kg/m2; SD: 1.45) were found compared to V1, whereas NRS 2002 values decreased by 0.9 (SD: 1.2). A significant (p < 0.001) improvement in Katz index (mean change = 0.3; SD:1.4) and EQ-5D scoring (mean change = 0.5; SD:1.9) compared to V1, were also reported.

Conclusions
The results suggest that administration of a HP-HMB-ONS improve the nutritional status and may led to a significant improvement in patients’ activities of daily living and QoL, independent of baseline BMI.
Holocene overbank deposition in the drainage basin of Lake Khanka
Authors: Bazarova V.B. , Lyashchevskaya M.S. , Makarova T.R. , Makarevich R.A. , Orlova L.A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Overbank deposits in the Komissarovka River valley consist of alternating silt, clay silt, sand, and soils produced by lacustrine, alluvial, and aeolian deposition and by soil formation. Silt and sand layers in the lower part of the section correlate with the events of Early Holocene transgression and Middle Holocene regression of Lake Khanka. Deposition in the lowermost reaches of the Komissarovka River provides a faithful record of local Holocene landscapes controlled by level changes in Lake Khanka.
Isotope stratigraphy and U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Vendian–Cambrian deposits of the North Muya block
Authors: Vishnevskaya I.A. , Letnikova E.F. , Kanygina N.A. , Proshenkin A.I. , Soloshenko N.G. , Vetrov E.V. , Kiseleva V.Yu. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the sandstones of the Mamakan Formation has been made. Geochemical and isotope parameters of the carbonate deposits of the Yanguda Formation in the Vendian–Cambrian cover of the North Muya continental block have been estimated. It has been established that only the Neoproterozoic (630–915 Ma) rocks of the North Muya block were the provenances of terrigenous material. In the least altered carbonate rocks of the Yanguda Formation, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio is within 0.70814–0.70879 and δ13C varies from –0.4 to + 1.9‰. Comparison of the evaluated isotope parameters with those of carbonate rocks of typical Vendian–Cambrian sections shows that the carbonate deposits of the Yanguda Formation accumulated in the Early Cambrian, about 520 Ma. Sedimentation of the Mamakan and Yanguda Formations took place in the local sedimentary basin in the Vendian–Early Cambrian, in the absence of tectonic activity within the North Muya block. Detrital material that formed during the destruction of the rocks of the Siberian Platform basement and cover was not supplied into the basin.
Geologic structure and correlation of the Berriasian–Lower Aptian productive beds of the Gydan Peninsula (Russian Arctic)
Authors: Ershov S.V. , Bardachevskii V.N. , Shestakova N.I. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We discuss the geologic structure of the Berriasian–Lower Aptian deposits of the Gydan Peninsula. Eight seismic sequences have been distinguished; most of them are associated with Lower Cretaceous regional clinoforms of West Siberia, their characteristics are given. A correlation of productive beds was based on the stratotype sections of the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas as well as seismic and well data. A sequence stratigraphic model of the Berriasian–Lower Aptian complex is proposed.
On an optimal extraction problem with regime switching
Authors: Ferrari Giorgio , Yang Shuzhen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper we study a finite-fuel two-dimensional degenerate singular stochastic control problem under regime switching motivated by the optimal irreversible extraction problem of an exhaustible commodity. A company extracts a natural resource from a reserve with finite capacity and sells it in the market at a spot price that evolves according to a Brownian motion with volatility modulated by a two-state Markov chain. In this setting, the company aims at finding the extraction rule that maximizes its expected discounted cash flow, net of the costs of extraction and maintenance of the reserve. We provide expressions for both the value function and the optimal control. On the one hand, if the running cost for the maintenance of the reserve is a convex function of the reserve level, the optimal extraction rule prescribes a Skorokhod reflection of the (optimally) controlled state process at a certain state and price-dependent threshold. On the other hand, in the presence of a concave running cost function, it is optimal to instantaneously deplete the reserve at the time at which the commodity's price exceeds an endogenously determined critical level. In both cases, the threshold triggering the optimal control is given in terms of the optimal stopping boundary of an auxiliary family of perpetual optimal selling problems with regime switching.
Windings of planar processes, exponential functionals and Asian options
Authors: Jedidi Wissem , Vakeroudis Stavros 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMotivated by a common mathematical finance topic, we discuss the reciprocal of the exit time from a cone of planar Brownian motion which also corresponds to the exponential functional of Brownian motion in the framework of planar Brownian motion. We prove a conjecture of Vakeroudis and Yor (2012) concerning infinite divisibility properties of this random variable and present a novel simple proof of the result of DeBlassie (1987), (1988) concerning the asymptotic behavior of the distribution of the Bessel clock appearing in the skew-product representation of planar Brownian motion, ast→∞. We use the results of the windings approach in order to obtain results for quantities associated to the pricing of Asian options.
Integral estimation based on Markovian design
Authors: Azaïs Romain , Delyon Bernard , Portier François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSuppose that a mobile sensor describes a Markovian trajectory in the ambient space and at each time the sensor measures an attribute of interest, e.g. the temperature. Using only the location history of the sensor and the associated measurements, we estimate the average value of the attribute over the space. In contrast to classical probabilistic integration methods, e.g. Monte Carlo, the proposed approach does not require any knowledge of the distribution of the sensor trajectory. We establish probabilistic bounds on the convergence rates of the estimator. These rates are better than the traditional `rootn'-rate, wherenis the sample size, attached to other probabilistic integration methods. For finite sample sizes, we demonstrate the favorable behavior of the procedure through simulations and consider an application to the evaluation of the average temperature of oceans.
Effect of Winter Herbicide Applications on Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) and Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta)
Authors: Sartain Bradley T. , Mudge Christopher R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmense stands of bald cypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.] make it difficult for herbicide applicators to access the free-floating fern giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell), which can be found growing under the canopy of the trees. The difficulty of accessing these areas, as well as avoiding direct contact of herbicides with tree foliage, provides a substantial amount of nonmanaged plant material capable of rapidly reinfesting treated sites, thus making management efforts null and void. Herbicide application during the winter, when bald cypress sheds its leaves, may be an ideal time to manage S. molesta and minimize negative impacts on the nontarget tree. Therefore, the herbicides diquat, glyphosate, flumioxazin, and glyphosate+diquat were evaluated at one of the three application timings (December, January, or February) against S. molesta and immature bald cypress during the winter. All herbicide treatments, except diquat applied in February of year 1, reduced S. molesta biomass 40% to 100%. In addition, flumioxazin applications during December, January, and February provided ≥70% S. molesta control with little or no negative impacts to bald cypress health. A treatment by timing interaction revealed that trees exposed to flumioxazin did not result in a significant decrease in average leaf length when compared with reference trees 20 wk after bud break at any of the three application timings. In addition, bald cypress exposed to flumioxazin produced the highest probability of a refoliation pattern equivalent to the nontreated reference trees. Although complete tree mortality was not documented in either study, delayed and abnormal leaf formation, reduced leaf length, irregular canopy formation, or no negative effects were observed among herbicide-treated bald cypress. This research suggests that winter herbicide applications over the top of dormant bald cypress may be a practical management technique for controlling severe infestations of S. molesta.
Rethinking Invasion Impacts across Multiple Field Sites Using European Swallowwort (Vincetoxicum rossicum) as a Model Invader
Authors: Thompson Grant L. , Bell Terrence H. , Kao-Kniffin Jenny 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEuropean swallowwort [Vincetoxicum rossicum(Kleopow) Barbarich] is found in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. It forms dense growth patterns that reduce plant and insect biodiversity, and lab assays show that it produces allelopathic compounds that affect microbial activity. Consequently, we hypothesized thatV. rossicumalters soil microbiome composition and activity in invaded habitats, which may impact ecosystem properties and processes. We sampled soil from a similar time point within a growing season at each of five sites in New York State whereV. rossicumwas both present and absent. We measured bacterial and fungal microbiome composition, available soil nitrogen (N), soil respiration (CO2flux), and soil extracellular enzyme activities. Microbial composition varied across field sites, but only fungal composition was affected by invasion. No significant differences were found between the invaded and uninvaded plots at any of the sites for available soil ammonium, nitrate, or respiration, though extractable N varied greatly between sites. Microbial hydrolytic extracellular enzyme activities suggest decreased protein degradation and increased oxidative enzyme activity withV. rossicuminvasion, which is relevant to soil N and carbon cycling processes. AlthoughV. rossicumimpacted rhizosphere microbial composition and activity, it was not associated with large perturbations in ecosystem function when examined across multiple invasion sites during this short-term study.
Forced dewetting in a capillary tube
Authors: Gao Peng , Liu Ao , Feng James J. , Ding Hang , Lu Xi-Yun 
Published: November 2018

Liquid films can be entrained when the dewetting velocity attains a threshold, and this dynamical wetting transition has been well studied in the situation of plane substrates. We investigate the forced dewetting in a capillary tube using diffuse-interface simulations and lubrication analysis, focusing on the onset of wetting transition and subsequent interface evolution. Results show that the meniscus remains stable when the displacing rate is below a threshold, beyond which film entrainment occurs and eventually leads to the formation of Taylor bubbles separated by liquid slugs, as has also been observed in the recent experiments of Zhao et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 120, 2018, 084501). We derive an analytical solution of the critical capillary number, and demonstrate that the wetting transition is accompanied by a vanishing apparent contact angle and an abrupt drop of the contact-line velocity. Both the bubble and slug lengths are found to depend on the capillary number and the wettability of the wall. A theoretical formula for the bubble length is also proposed and compares favourably with numerical and experimental results.
The Influences of Common Law on the Brazilian New Code of Civil Procedure
Authors: Gomes Lucas Alves Edmundo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMost legal scholars assume that there are only two “families” of legal systems in the world: common law and civil law. Briefly, common law is applied in all countries that speak the English language and has its origination from the “habits of society.” On the other hand, civil law is applied just about everywhere else, with a few exceptions, such as in tribal law areas, jurisdictions that follow Islamic law, and a few other smaller legal systems. Brazil's New Code of Civil Procedure was promulgated in 2015 and brought innovations to Brazilian law. Elements of common law were incorporated into the Brazilian legal system, particularly that of using precedent. The application of common law elements in Brazilian law is being studied by various legal specialists. This present study explains how common law can be applied in civil law jurisdictions, similar to the way it is being adapted and applied in Brazil.
Policy Development and Frameworks for Cyber
Security in Corporates and Law Firms
Authors: Alwan Hala Bou 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite an ongoing drive by organizations around the
world to improve the sophistication of their risk
mitigation measures, cyber-attacks are continually
increasing. A study by Panda Labs shows in Q3 in
2016 alone, 18 million new malware samples were
captured.2 Another study from Computer Crime and
Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) shows more
than 4,000 ransomware attacks occurred daily in
2016. That's a 300% increase over 2015, where 1,000
ransomware attacks were seen per day.3 These studies reflect the double effect of
technology—connecting the world and facilitating
cyber-attacks simultaneously.
Reach of repulsion for determinantal point processes in high dimensions
Authors: Baccelli François , O'Reilly Eliza 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Goldman (2010) proved that the distribution of a stationary determinantal point process (DPP) Φ can be coupled with its reduced Palm version Φ0,! such that there exists a point process η where Φ=Φ0,!∪η in distribution and Φ0,!∩η=∅. The points of η characterize the repulsive nature of a typical point of Φ. In this paper we use the first-moment measure of η to study the repulsive behavior of DPPs in high dimensions. We show that many families of DPPs have the property that the total number of points in η converges in probability to 0 as the space dimension n→∞. We also prove that for some DPPs, there exists an R∗ such that the decay of the first-moment measure of η is slowest in a small annulus around the sphere of radius √nR∗. This R∗ can be interpreted as the asymptotic reach of repulsion of the DPP. Examples of classes of DPP models exhibiting this behavior are presented and an application to high-dimensional Boolean models is given.