bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting of lipid metabolism with a metabolic inhibitor cocktail eradicates peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Chen Rain R. , Yung Mingo M. H. , Xuan Yang , Zhan Shijie , Leung Leanne L. , Liang Rachel R. , Leung Thomas H. Y. , Yang Huijuan , Xu Dakang , Sharma Rakesh , Chan Karen K. L. , Ngu Siew-Fei , Ngan Hextan Y. S. , Chan David W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an intra-abdominal tumor in which the presence of ascites facilitates metastatic dissemination, and associated with poor prognosis. However, the significance of metabolic alterations in ovarian cancer cells in the ascites microenvironment remains unclear. Here we show ovarian cancer cells exhibited increased aggressiveness in ascites microenvironment via reprogramming of lipid metabolism. High lipid metabolic activities are found in ovarian cancer cells when cultured in the ascites microenvironment, indicating a metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to β-oxidation and lipogenesis. The reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity due to the feedback effect of high energy production led to the activation of its downstream signaling, which in turn, enhanced the cancer growth. The combined treatment of low toxic AMPK activators, the transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors synergistically impair oncogenic augmentation of ovarian cancer. Collectively, targeting lipid metabolism signaling axis impede ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases.
Holographic vector field electron tomography of three-dimensional nanomagnets
Authors: Wolf Daniel , Biziere Nicolas , Sturm Sebastian , Reyes David , Wade Travis , Niermann Tore , Krehl Jonas , Warot-Fonrose Benedicte , Büchner Bernd , Snoeck Etienne , Gatel Christophe , Lubk Axel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComplex 3D magnetic textures in nanomagnets exhibit rich physical properties, e.g., in their dynamic interaction with external fields and currents, and play an increasing role for current technological challenges such as energy-efficient memory devices. To study these magnetic nanostructures including their dependency on geometry, composition, and crystallinity, a 3D characterization of the magnetic field with nanometer spatial resolution is indispensable. Here we show how holographic vector field electron tomography can reconstruct all three components of magnetic induction as well as the electrostatic potential of a Co/Cu nanowire with sub 10 nm spatial resolution. We address the workflow from acquisition, via image alignment to holographic and tomographic reconstruction. Combining the obtained tomographic data with micromagnetic considerations, we derive local key magnetic characteristics, such as magnetization current or exchange stiffness, and demonstrate how magnetization configurations, such as vortex states in the Co-disks, depend on small structural variations of the as-grown nanowire.
Light emission from the layered metal 2H-TaSe2 and its potential applications
Authors: Mahajan Mehak , Kallatt Sangeeth , Dandu Medha , Sharma Naresh , Gupta Shilpi , Majumdar Kausik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConventional metals, in general, do not exhibit strong photoluminescence. 2H-TaSe2 is a layered transition metal dichalcogenide that possesses metallic property with charge density wave characteristics. Here we show that 2H-TaSe2 exhibits a surprisingly strong optical absorption and photoluminescence resulting from inter-band transitions. We use this perfect combination of electrical and optical properties in several optoelectronic applications. We show a sevenfold enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity of otherwise weakly luminescent multi-layer MoS2 through non-radiative resonant energy transfer from TaSe2 transition dipoles. Using a combination of scanning photocurrent and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, we also show that the hot electrons generated by light absorption in TaSe2 have a rather long lifetime unlike conventional metals, making TaSe2 an excellent hot electron injector. Finally, we show a vertical TaSe2/MoS2/graphene photodetector demonstrating a responsivity of >10 AW−1 at 0.1 MHz—one of the fastest reported photodetectors using MoS2.
Celastrol pretreatment as a therapeutic option against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Boran Tugce , Gunaydin Aysenur , Jannuzzi Ayse Tarbin , Ozcagli Eren , Alpertunga Buket 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCelastrol is a natural bioactive compound extracted from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. It exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of a wide range of tumors. Although very effective therapeutically, it can cause nephrotoxicity leading to dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment. This study aims to clarify the therapeutic potential of celastrol in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The possible protective effects of celastrol pretreatment against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity were investigated. A rat kidney epithelial cell line NRK-52E was pretreated with the desired concentrations of celastrol (200 nM, 100 nM, and 50 nM) for 24 h. The cells were treated with 50 μM cisplatin for a further 24 h to see whether cisplatin caused the same or less toxicity compared to the vehicle control group. Alkaline comet assay was performed for genotoxicity assessment. Genotoxicity evaluation revealed that celastrol caused a statistically significant reduction in DNA damage. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated by measuring the glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels and also by measuring the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Celastrol pretreatment increased the GSH content of the cells and ameliorated the protein carbonylation level. Likewise, celastrol pretreatment improved the GR and CAT activities. However, no significant difference was observed in GPx and SOD activities. In the light of these findings, celastrol treatment could be a therapeutic option to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed for the clarification of its therapeutic potential.
Long-lived animals with negligible senescence: clues for ageing research
Authors: Stenvinkel Peter , Shiels Paul G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Among several theories to explain the complicated process of human ageing, the mitochondrial oxidative stress hypothesis has received recent attention. Considering that lifespan and ageing rates vary considerably across taxa, a better understanding of factors that lead to negligible or extremely rapid senescence in mammals may generate novel approaches to target human ageing. Several species, such as naked mole rats, ocean quahog, rockfish and Greenland shark, have been identified that exhibit negligible senescence and superior resistance to age-related diseases. Considering that the available literature suggests that their outstanding stress resistance is linked to maintenance of protein homeostasis and robust mitochondrial functions, treatments that target protein modification and upregulation of matrix antioxidants may have implications for extending human health span.
Nuclear failure, DNA damage, and cell cycle disruption after migration through small pores: a brief review
Authors: Pfeifer Charlotte R. , Vashisth Manasvita , Xia Yuntao , Discher Dennis E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In many contexts of development, regeneration, or disease such as cancer, a cell squeezes through a dense tissue or a basement membrane, constricting its nucleus. Here, we describe how the severity of nuclear deformation depends on a nucleus’ mechanical properties that are mostly determined by the density of chromatin and by the nuclear lamina. We explain how constriction-induced nuclear deformation affects nuclear contents by causing (i) local density changes in chromatin and (ii) rupture of the nuclear lamina and envelope. Both processes mislocalize diffusible nuclear factors including key DNA repair and regulatory proteins. Importantly, these effects of constricted migration are accompanied by excess DNA damage, marked by phosphorylated histone γH2AX in fixed cells. Rupture has a number of downstream consequences that include a delayed cell cycle—consistent with a damage checkpoint—and modulation of differentiation, both of which are expected to affect migration-dependent processes ranging from wound healing to tumorigenic invasion.
Simplified double switching SVPWM implementation for three‐level VSI
Authors: Vivek Gopinathan , Biswas Jayanta , Nair Meenu D. , Barai Mukti 
Published: July 2019

A generalised space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) framework for the realisation of all double switching states with a memory‐optimised method is proposed to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) and to provide neutral point voltage balancing for three‐level NPC voltage source inverter (VSI). The proposal provides an efficient SVPWM implementationwith reduced hardware requirement and zero increase in software complexity in comparison to the existing schemes. Microcontroller analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) hardware replaces multichannel ADC and associated Field programmable gate array hardware in this proposal. The proposed method follows digital control architecture and eliminates the need to sample phase voltages separately. The proposed algorithm samples rms voltage of one phase and generates eight bit modulation index command by a suitable compensation algorithm. The implemented SVPWM algorithm takes the modulation index command value and generates phase voltage values by multiplying with the stored sine angle values. Gate pulses are generated in the proposed implementation by the hardware pulse width modulation (PWM) block and there is no need for digital‐to‐analogue converter. The proposed strategy is validated with a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz on a 2 KVA three‐phase three‐level insulated gate bipolar transistor‐based VSI using low‐cost PIC microcontroller. The superiority of the proposed method lies in providing an efficient three‐level SVPWM implementation with reduced THD, neutral point voltage balancing, reduced hardware requirement, small lookup table and zero increase in the software computing overhead.
Maximal Sustained Isokinetic Power at Exercise Intolerance is not Critical Power
Authors: Yong Stanley , Swisher Austin R. , Ferguson Carrie , Cannon Daniel T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe asymptote of the hyperbolic power-duration relationship, critical power (CP), demarcates sustainable from non-sustainable exercise. CP is a salient parameter within the theoretical framework determining exercise tolerance. However, measuring CP is time consuming – typically 4 constant-power exercise tests to intolerance, or a 3-min all-out sprint is required.To determine whether 30 s of maximal isokinetic cycling, immediately following the limit of tolerance, approximates CP.Fifteen participants (7 women, 8 men, 23±5 yr, 71±12 kg, V̇O2peak 4.39±1.04 L·min−1; 61±9 mL·kg·min−1) completed 4 constant supra-CP exercise tests to intolerance. Each test was followed immediately by a 30 s maximal isokinetic effort at 80 rpm. Mean isokinetic power was compared to the known CP.Mean±SD CP was 159±47 W (CI95 133, 185 W). Maximal isokinetic power immediately following intolerance was greater (p<0.05) than CP in all but one comparison (181±51 vs. 159±47 W; p>0.07). However, this closest estimation, following the longest duration constant-power test, resulted in 21 W of mean bias and wide limits of agreement (±84 W).Isokinetic power measured immediately following intolerance consistently overestimated critical power. Thus, an adjunct of 30 s maximal isokinetic cycling immediately following the limit of tolerance does not approximate critical power.
Field Methods to Estimate Fat-free Mass in International Soccer Players
Authors: Nuñez F. Javier , Munguia-Izquierdo Diego , Petri Cristian , Suarez-Arrones Luis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on the high financial and logistical costs associated with the assessment of body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), this study determined which field method has the best correlation with DXA data, and developed an equation to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) using the field anthropometric data in international soccer players. A total of 17 international soccer players participated in this study. DXA values provided a criterion measure of FFM. Correlation coefficients, biases, limits of agreement, and differences were used as validity measures, and regression analyses were used to develop the prediction equation. All field methods used to obtain FFM data showed positive correlations (r from 0.90–0.96) with DXA. Only the equation developed by Deurenberg et al. [6] showed no differences from DXA with a low bias. The main strength of this study was providing a valid and accurate equation to estimate FFM specifically in international soccer players.
Relative Contribution of Acetabular and Femoral Reconstruction to Prosthetic Joint Instability Risk after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ituarte Felipe , Aggarwal Ajay , Leary Emily V. , Hansen Benjamin J. , Keeney James A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProsthetic joint instability is a challenging concern for a minority of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. Placement of the acetabular component within the traditional safe zone does not eliminate dislocation, and the relative contribution of femoral length and offset to instability risk has not been well defined. The authors compared 53 dislocated primary THAs treated against an age- and gender-matched cohort of 134 stable primary THAs. Anteroposterior and cross-table lateral radiographs were used to determine whether reconstructions met targets for acetabular inclination (30–50 degrees), acetabular anteversion (5–30 degrees), femoral length (0–9.9 mm) and femoral offset (0–9.9 mm). Statistical analysis was performed to assess univariate and multivariate relationships with an instability event; statistical significance was set using a two-sided p-value < 0.05. Forty-seven (88.7%) of the dislocating hips had nonoptimal acetabular or femoral reconstructions. While a similar proportion of patients in the study and control groups had acetabular reconstruction within the safe zone (51.5 vs. 47.2%, p = 0.63) patients with unstable hips were more likely to have acetabular component inclination outside of the target zone (30.2 vs. 7.5%, p < 0.01), acetabular anteversion < 15 degrees (30.2 vs. 3.7%, p < 0.0001), reduced femoral length (35.9 vs. 3.7%, p < 0.0001), and reduced femoral offset (41.5 vs. 7.46%, p < 0.0001). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed and identified femoral head size less than 32 mm (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–6.2) and higher inclination angle (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.04–1.2) as significant independent risk factors for hip instability. The authors' study findings suggest that insufficient acetabular anteversion, femoral length, and femoral offset reconstruction contribute significantly to instability risk following THA. Using a larger femoral head is protective, but should be balanced against long-term volumetric wear risk.
A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Data of Patients with Factor VII Deficiency: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Iwaniec Teresa , Zdziarska Joanna , Musiał Jacek , Sanak Marek 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBleeding phenotype in patients with congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency is highly variable. No direct correlation between FVII activity and bleeding tendency is noted. The aim of this study was to analyse clinical and laboratory phenotype of patients with FVII deficiency treated in one haemophilia treatment centre in Little Poland. Clinical and laboratory data of 106 patients were collected retrospectively. Bleeding symptoms were evaluated according to the Bleeding Assessment Tool. The mean FVII activity was 19.5% (range: 1.0–49.2) and the mean prothrombin time (PT) was 29.7 seconds (range: 13.2–64.8), comparable in both sexes. Activity was lower than 1% in 6.6% of individuals. The average age at diagnosis (31.2 years; range: 1–76) did not correlate with FVII activity. Half of the patients were diagnosed incidentally, mostly due to routine PT measurement. The most frequently reported symptoms were gum, nose and tooth extraction bleeds. A total of 22.6% of patients remained asymptomatic and 60.4% never required replacement therapy. Thrombotic episodes were diagnosed in five women (4.7%). In conclusion, the clinical picture of the analysed group is similar to the previously described. It should be stressed that a significant risk of bleeds, including joint haemorrhages, can be expected in patients with mildest FVII deficiency (>26%) as well. The rate of thrombosis (4.7%) was similar to other reports, with all affected patients having strong prothrombotic risk factors or being intensively treated with FVII concentrate.
Geographical Variations in Patterns of DAPT Cessation and Two-Year PCI Outcomes: Insights from the PARIS Registry
Authors: Vogel Birgit , Chandrasekhar Jaya , Baber Usman , Mastoris Ioannis , Sartori Samantha , Aquino Melissa , Krucoff Mitchell W. , Moliterno David J. , Henry Timothy D. , Weisz Giora , Gibson C. Michael , Iakovou Ioannis , Kini Annapoorna S. , Farhan Serdar , Sorrentino Sabato , Faggioni Michela , Colombo Antonio , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Chieffo Alaide , Cohen David J. , Stuckey Thomas , Ariti Cono , Dangas George D. , Pocock Stuart , Mehran Roxana 
Published: July 2019

Background Data on geographical variations in dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) cessation and the impact on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are limited. We sought to evaluate geographical patterns of DAPT cessation and associated outcomes in patients undergoing PCI in the United States versus Europe.
Methods Analyzing data from the PARIS registry, we studied 3,660 U.S. patients (72.9%) and 1,358 European patients (27.1%) that underwent PCI with stent implantation. DAPT cessation was classified as physician-recommended discontinuation, interruption (< 14 days), or disruption due to bleeding or noncompliance. The primary endpoint was 2-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of cardiac death, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization.
Results Cardiovascular risk factors were more common in the United States, whereas procedural complexity was greater in Europe. The incidence of 2-year DAPT discontinuation was significantly lower in U.S. versus European patients (30.7% vs. 65.6%; p < 0.001); however, rates of interruption (13.7% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001) and disruption (17.7% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) were higher. DAPT discontinuation was associated with lower adjusted risk, whereas DAPT disruption was associated with greater risk for 2-year MACE, without interaction by region. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and DAPT cessation, 2-year MACE risk was not statistically different between regions (10.3% for Europe vs. 11.9% for U.S., adjusted hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.65–1.01, p = 0.065).
Conclusion DAPT cessation patterns, along with clinical and angiographic risk, vary substantially between PCI patients in the U.S. versus Europe. Despite such differences, cardiovascular risk associated with DAPT cessation remains uniform.
Further Delineation of the TRAPPC6B Disorder: Report on a New Family and Review
Authors: Nair Pratibha , El-Bazzal Lara , Mansour Hicham , Sabbagh Sandra , Al-Ali Mahmoud Taleb , Gambarini Alicia , Delague Valerie , El-Hayek Stephany , Mégarbané André 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPathogenic variants in the TRAPPC6B gene were recently found to be associated in three consanguineous families, with microcephaly, epilepsy, and brain malformations. Here, we report on a 3.5-year-old boy, born to consanguineous Lebanese parents, who presented with developmental delay, lactic acidosis, postnatal microcephaly, and abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging. By whole exome sequencing, a novel homozygous likely pathogenic variant in exon 1 of the TRAPPC6B gene (c.23T > A; [p.Leu8*]) was identified. A review of the clinical description and literature is discussed, pointing out the phenotypic heterogeneity associated with mutations in this gene.
On the issue of neutron source development for a laser-driven nuclear-thermonuclear reactor
Authors: Dolgoleva G.V. , Lebo I.G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We discuss the feasibility of developing a high-power thermonuclear neutron source driven by laser pulses. Using one-dimensional numerical simulations for targets made in the form of double-sided cones, for an absorbed Nd-laser energy of ∼ 1 MJ (at the second and third harmonics) and pulse duration of 10 – 20 ns it is possible to achieve a neutron yield at a level of 1016 – 1017 per shot. This neutron yield is a prerequisite to the commencement of work to develop a hybrid nuclear-thermonuclear reactor.
Role of spontaneous emission in the formation of the steady-state optical spectrum of a diode laser
Authors: Bogatov A.P. , Drakin A.E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Based on Maxwell’s equations, we derive a van der Pol-type equation for self-oscillations in the cavity of a diode laser. Its solution is self-oscillations (lasing) even in the absence of spontaneous emission. This solution differs fundamentally from solutions obtained using rate equations containing an additional term in the form of spontaneous emission intensity. Taking into account spontaneous emission in the van der Pol model makes calculation results more realistic and allows one to find parameters characterising diode laser output coherence, including the spectral densities of laser light amplitude and phase fluctuations.
Biomass heat storage dampens diurnal temperature variations in forests
Authors: Meier Ronny , Davin Edouard L , Swenson Sean C , Lawrence David M , Schwaab Jonas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Observational evidence suggests that compared to non-forested areas, forests have a cooling effect on daytime land surface temperature (LST) and a warming effect on nighttime LST in many regions of the world, thus implying that forests dampen the diurnal temperature range. This feature is not captured by current climate models. Using the Community Land Model 5.0 (CLM5.0), we show that this diurnal behavior can be captured when accounting for biomass heat storage (BHS). The nighttime release of energy absorbed by the vegetation biomass during the day increases both nighttime LST and ambient air temperature in forested regions by more than 1 K. The daytime cooling is weaker than the nighttime warming effect, because the energy uptake by the biomass is compensated by a reduction in the turbulent heat fluxes during day. This diurnal asymmetry of the temperature response to BHS leads to a warming of daily mean temperatures, which is amplified during boreal summer warm extremes. Compared to MODIS, CLM5.0 overestimates the diurnal LST range over forested areas. The inclusion of BHS reduces this bias due to its dampening effect on diurnal LST variations. Further, BHS attenuates the negative bias in the nighttime LST difference of forest minus grassland and cropland, when compared to MODIS observations. These results indicate that it is essential to consider BHS when examining the influence of forests on diurnal temperature variations. BHS should thus be included in land surface models used to assess the climatic consequences of land use changes such as deforestation or afforestation.