bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Feng‐Hua , Shen Lin , Li Jin , Zhou Zhi‐Wei , Liang Han , Zhang Xiao‐Tian , Tang Lei , Xin Yan , Jin Jing , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Yuan Xiang‐Lin , Liu Tian‐Shu , Li Guo‐Xin , Wu Qi , Xu Hui‐Mian , Ji Jia‐Fu , Li Yuan‐Fang , Wang Xin , Yu Shan , Liu Hao , Guan Wen‐Long , Xu Rui‐Hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChina is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer. There are differences in epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, treatment patterns, and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries. Non‐Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile, discuss, and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence‐based medicine in China and abroad. By referring to the opinions of industry experts, taking into account of regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted experts’ consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes. This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and follow‐up visits for gastric cancer.
Resting-state neural network disturbances that underpin the emergence of emotional symptoms in adolescent girls: resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Das Pritha , Outhred Tim , Bryant Richard A. , Calhoun Vince 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSubsyndromal emotional symptoms in adolescence may represent precursors for full-blown emotional disorders in early adulthood. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that drive this development is essential for prevention.AimsSelf-referential processing and emotion regulation are remodelled substantively during adolescence, therefore this study examined integration of key neural networks involved in these processes.MethodAt baseline, clinical and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected for 88 adolescent girls (mean age 15 years), and 71 of these girls underwent repeat clinical assessment after 2 years. These 71 girls were then partitioned into two groups depending on the presence (ES+) or absence (ES−) of emotional symptoms, and differences in dynamic functional network connectivity were determined and correlated with clinical variables.ResultsThe two groups displayed a differential pattern of functional connectivity involving the left lateral prefrontal network (LPFN). Specifically, in the ES+ group this network displayed positive coupling with the right LPFN but negative coupling with the default mode network, and the inverse of this pattern was found in the ES− group. Furthermore, the coupling strengths between left and right LPFN at the irst time point predicted follow-up depression and state anxiety scores.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in adolescent girls, emotional symptoms may emerge as a result of impaired integration between networks involved in self-referential information processing and approach-avoidance behaviours. These impairments can compromise the pursuit of important goals and have an impact on emotion processing and finally may lead to the development of emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression in adulthood.Declaration of interestNone.
Mbt/PAK4 together with SRC modulates N-Cadherin adherens junctions in the developingDrosophilaeye
Authors: Pütz Stephanie M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTTissue morphogenesis is accompanied by changes of adherens junctions (AJ). During Drosophila eye development, AJ reorganization includes the formation of isolated N-Cadherin AJ between photoreceptors R3/R4. Little is known about how these N-Cadherin AJ are established and maintained. This study focuses on the kinases Mbt/PAK4 and SRC, both known to alter E-Cadherin AJ across phyla. Drosophila p21-activated kinase Mbt and the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src64 and Src42 regulate proper N-Cadherin AJ. N-Cadherin AJ elongation depends on SRC kinase activity. Cell culture experiments demonstrate binding of both Drosophila SRC isoforms to N-Cadherin and its subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, Mbt stabilizes but does not bind N-Cadherin in vitro. Mbt is required in R3/R4 for zipping the N-Cadherin AJ between these cells, independent of its kinase activity and Cdc42-binding. The mbt phenotype can be reverted by mutations in Src64 and Src42. Because Mbt neither directly binds to SRC proteins nor has a reproducible influence on their kinase activity, the conclusion is that Mbt and SRC signaling converge on N-Cadherin. N-Cadherin AJ formation during eye development requires a proper balance between the promoting effects of Mbt and the inhibiting influences of SRC kinases.
Protocol: New approaches to managing the social deficits of Turner Syndrome using the PEERS program
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Mandy William , Skuse David 
Published: March 2019

Turner Syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy (45,X) associated with social skill difficulties. Recent clinical care guidelines recommend that the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) social skills intervention programme be trialled in this population. PEERS has been successfully used in adolescents with autism spectrum conditions without intellectual disabilities. The PEERS program will be piloted with adolescents and young women with TS aged 16-20 using an uncontrolled study trial with a multiple-case series design. The program will be delivered face to face and online. The assessment battery is designed to measure social skills comprehensively from diverse informants (parent, teacher young person). It includes measures of social performance, social knowledge and social cognition. Parents and young people taking part in the intervention will also feedback on the acceptability and feasibility of the pilot. The outcomes of this small scale pilot (n=6-10) will be used to adapt the programme based on feedback and estimate the sample for a future randomised controlled trial.
Comparative antimicrobial studies on plant species known as ’Pasak Bumi': Eurycoma longifolia Jack., Rennelia elliptica Korth. and Trivalvaria macrophylla miq.
Authors: Kuspradini Harlinda , Silau Sisilia , Supartini Supartini , Rosamah Enih ,   ICTROPS
Published: March 2019

Pasak Bumi is a local name for a medicinal plant in Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is a famous medicinal plant and commonly used in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac, as well as in the treatment of malaria. Pasak Bumi is a commercial name for Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae) plant species. Besides Eurycoma longifolia there are two other plant species also known locally as Pasak Bumi, Rennelia elliptica (Rubiaceae) and Trivalvaria macrophylla (Annonaceae). This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the different species of Pasak Bumi and its total phenol contents. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was determined using the Agar Well Diffusion method at various concentrations while the phenol content was determined by the Folin - Ciocalteu method. The results of the ethanol extract from the different root showed that the T. macrophylla had the highest phenol content, and the highest activity index (AI) was found in the E. longifolia (0.96 at 1000 µg concentration). The results of this study show that the three different Pasak Bumi have potential as antimicrobials against oral pathogen; 1 yeast: Candida albicans, and 3 bacterias: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus.
Highly Efficient Clinical Trials Simulator (HECT): Software application for planning and simulating platform adaptive trials
Authors: Thorlund Kristian , Golchi Shirin , Haggstrom Jonas , Mills Edward 
Published: March 2019

Background: Adaptive designs and platform designs are among two common clinical trial innovations that are increasingly being used to manage medical intervention portfolios and attain faster regulatory approvals. Planning of adaptive and platform trials necessitate simulations to understand how a set of adaptation rules will likely affect the properties of the trial. Clinical trial simulations, however, remain a black box to many clinical trials researchers who are not statisticians. Results: In this article we introduce a simple intuitive open-source browser-based clinical trial simulator for planning adaptive and platform trials. The software application is implemented in RShiny and features a graphical user interface that allows the user to set key clinical trial parameters and explore multiple scenarios such as varying treatment effects, control response and adherence, as well as number of interim looks and adaptation rules. The software provides simulation options for a number of designs such as dropping treatment arms for futility, adding a new treatment arm (i.e., platform design), and stopping a trial early based on superiority. All available adaptations are based on underlying Bayesian probabilities. The software comes with a number of graphical outputs to examine properties of individual simulated trials. The main output is a comparison of trial design performance across several simulations, graphically summarizing type I error (false positive risk), power, and expected cost/time to completion of the considered designs. Conclusion: We have developed and validated an intuitive highly efficient clinical trial simulator for planning of clinical trials. The software is open-source and caters to clinical trial investigators who do not have the statistical capacity for trial simulations available in their team. The software can be accessed via any web browser via the following link: https://mtek.shinyapps.io/hect/
Postpartum family planning in Rwanda: a cost effectiveness analysis
Authors: Williams Pamela , Morales Katie , Sridharan Vikram , Tummala Alekya , Marseille Elliot 
Published: March 2019

Background: Globally, there is a large unmet need for family planning in the postpartum period: 90% of women in this group want family planning for birth spacing or to avoid unintended pregnancies and stop child bearing once desired family size has been reached. Women spend on average about 30 years, or three-quarters of their reproductive lives, attempting to avoid pregnancy. In total 76% of Rwandan women want family planning postpartum, yet a 26% unmet need remains. Methods: This cost effectiveness analysis compared the two most frequently-used family planning methods in Rwanda, longer-acting reversible contraception (LARC), injections and subdermal implants, and shorter-acting reversible contraceptives (non-LARC), pills and condoms. Women who do not use contraception postpartum were also represented. A time horizon of 24 months was used to reflect the World Health Organization suggested two-year spacing from birth until the next pregnancy, and the analysis was conducted from a health systems perspective. Results: For women of reproductive age (12-49 years) in Rwanda, including LARC postpartum family planning methods in the options, saves $18.73 per pregnancy averted, compared to family planning options that offer non-LARC methods exclusively. Conclusion: $2.8 million US$ per year can be saved if LARC is included as a contraceptive choice across all health centers in Rwanda; this cost savings provides the opportunity for these funds to be allocated to other high value interventions. Potential inclusion of these methods at Rwanda’s faith-based health facilities warrants further attention.
Near-Optimal Bayesian Ambiguity Sets for Distributionally Robust Optimization
Authors: Gupta Vishal 
Published: March 2019

We propose a Bayesian framework for assessing the relative strengths of data-driven ambiguity sets in distributionally robust optimization (DRO) when the underlying distribution is defined by a finite-dimensional parameter. The key idea is to measure the relative size between a candidate ambiguity set and a specific asymptotically optimal set. As the amount of data grows large, this asymptotically optimal set is the smallest convex ambiguity set that satisfies a novel Bayesian robustness guarantee that we introduce. This guarantee is defined with respect to a given class of constraints and is a Bayesian analog of more common frequentist feasibility guarantees from the DRO literature. Using this framework, we prove that many popular existing ambiguity sets are significantly larger than the asymptotically optimal set for constraints that are concave in the ambiguity. By contrast, we construct new ambiguity sets that are tractable, satisfy our Bayesian robustness guarantee, and are at most a small, constant factor larger than the asymptotically optimal set; we call these sets Bayesian near-optimal. We further prove that asymptotically, solutions to DRO models with our Bayesian near-optimal sets enjoy strong frequentist robustness properties, despite their smaller size. Finally, our framework yields guidelines for practitioners selecting between competing ambiguity set proposals in DRO. Computational evidence in portfolio allocation using real and simulated data confirms that our framework, although motivated by asymptotic analysis in a Bayesian setting, provides practical insight into the performance of various DRO models with finite data under frequentist assumptions. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Aplicabilidade dos Exercícios de Vibração de Corpo Inteiro como nova ferramenta da Medicina Veterinária
Authors: Gomes Mayara V. F. , Santos Ivan F. C. , Rahal Sheila C. , Silva Bruna M. 
Published: March 2019

As vibrações de corpo inteiro são geradas por dispositivoscapazes de gerar oscilações - plataformas vibratórias. Diversosbenefícios do uso de plataformas vibratórias têm sido descritos,como aumento da força muscular, melhora do desempenhofísico e melhora do equilíbrio e da mobilidade funcional. Avibração de corpo inteiro tem sido estudada e usada em muitasaplicações em seres humanos, existindo apenas alguns estudospublicados sobre vibração de corpo inteiro como modalidadeterapêutica em animais. A presente revisão teve como objetivoresumir os resultados de artigos originais que investigaramos efeitos da vibração de corpo inteiro em animais. Foramutilizados artigos publicados em revistas internacionais emMedicina Veterinária, e foram incluídos pequenos animais,animais de grande porte e animais silvestres. Poucos estudosrelacionados ao uso da vibração de corpo inteiro foramidentificados e as publicações sobre animais silvestres foramescassas. O uso de parâmetros de vibração errados, incluindoa intensidade de vibração, tempo de exposição, amplitude eaceleração, também causa efeitos adversos em animais. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar um protocolo adequado e a eficácia da vibração de corpo inteiro em cada espécie, como também para explorar outras aplicações terapêuticas.Descritores: Plataforma vibratória; Vibrações mecânicas; Veterinária.
Reliability of the sourcil method of acetabular index measurement in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Maddock C. L. , Noor S. , Kothari A. , Bradley C. S. , Kelley S. P. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose The ability to monitor and study developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) requires validated radiographic outcome measures. The sourcil method of acetabular index measurement (AI-S) has not yet been shown to be a reliable measure of acetabular dysplasia in a DDH population, despite its widespread use. The aims of this study were to test the reliability of the AI-S method in a DDH population, and to compare the reliability of the AI-S method with that of the classic lateral edge method (AI-L). Methods From an institutional database, standardized anteroposterior hip radiographs were obtained from a cohort of 35 female patients (70 hips) at two and five years of age who had been treated nonoperatively for DDH. Three observers independently measured the acetabular index using the AI-L and AI-S methods on all 70 hips at two time points, four weeks apart. Results The inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the AI-L and AI-S methods was between good and excellent at 0.94 (confidence interval (CI) 0.89 to 0.96) and 0.91 (CI 0.87 to 0.94), respectively. The ICCs for intra-rater reliability for the AI-L method were excellent at 0.93 (CI 0.90 to 0.95), 0.95 (CI 0.93 to 0.97) and 0.95 (CI 0.94 to 0.97) for raters 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The ICCs for intra-rater reliability for the AI-S method were between good and excellent at 0.91 (CI 0.87 to 0.93), 0.93 (CI 0.90 to 0.95) and 0.90 (CI 0.86 to 0.93) for raters 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Conclusion Both AI-S and AI-L methods are equally reliable radiographic measures of DDH. Level of Evidence Level III (diagnostic)
Nutrition Transition in Africa: Consequences and Opportunities
Authors: Mbogori Teresia , Mucherah Winnie 
Published: March 2019

Nutrition transition, defined as a shift in dietary patterns and energy expenditure, is a major concern worldwide and especially in low and middle-income countries. Nutrition transition is linked to an increased prevalence of metabolic disorders and non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In regions such as the sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence of overweight and obesity has steadily increased in the recent years despite the high prevalence of hunger and malnutrition. Factors that have contributed to nutrition transition include urbanization, socio-economic developments and technological advancements. Food consumption in some households has shifted to diets rich in fats and oils, calorie-based sweeteners, and animal-based products high in saturated fats (referred to as “western diets”), from traditional African diets based on legumes, whole grain products and traditional vegetables. Opportunities to slow down the effects of nutrition transition in Africa may exist through education and policy changes that are culturally sensitive.
TOTAL ARTHROPLASTY AND ANTERIOR CERVICAL DISCECTOMY WITH FIXATION: LONG-TERM RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Byvaltsev V. A. , Stepanov I. A. , Kalinin A. A. , Aliyev M. A. , Aglakov B. M. , Yusupov B. R. , Shepelev V. V. 
Published: March 2019

Objective.To perform comparative analysis of the long-term results of using the methods of total cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in the surgical treatment of patients with single-level degenerative diseases of cervical intervertebral discs.Material and Methods.The study included 186 patients aged 21–60 years. Independent sequential randomization (1:1) of 173 patients was performed using software. The following parameters were used to evaluate patients: the VAS score of pain syndrome severity in the cervical spine and upper extremities, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score of the quality of life, the amplitude of movements of the operated segment, the frequency of adjacent discs degeneration and of repeated surgical interventions and adverse events.Results.In the long-term follow-up, the best clinical outcomes according to VAS and NDI data were recorded in patients from the CDA group. Their amplitude of movements in the segment remained in the physiological volume. In the ACDF group, a complete fusion was verified in 83 (93.3 %) cases. A significantly higher degree of degenerative disease of superjacent intervertebral discs was revealed in ACDF group (p < 0.01), while no significant degenerative changes were recorded in the subjacent discs (p > 0.05). The number of intraoperative and early postoperative complications did not have a statistically significant intergroup difference (p > 0.05). Symptomatic degeneration of adjacent segments was verified in 2 (2.4 %) respondents from the CDA group and in 8 (9.0 %) from the ACDF group (p < 0.001). Symptomatic adverse effects were found in 3 (3.6 %) CDA patients in the form of heterotopic ossification and in 6 (6.7 %) ACDF patients in the form of pseudoarthrosis.Conclusions.The operations of total disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) are safe and effective methods of surgical treatment of patients with single-level degenerative diseases of cervical intervertebral discs. In CDA patients, significantly better clinical results were noted, as compared with the ACDF group. The CDA method allowed preserving the normal biomechanics of the cervical spine and preventing the development of degenerative disease of adjacent segments.
New homogeneous Einstein metrics on quaternionic Stiefel manifolds
Authors: Arvanitoyeorgos Andreas , Sakane Yusuke , Statha Marina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We consider invariant Einstein metrics on the quaternionic Stiefel manifold V

p
ℍ
n
of all orthonormal p-frames in ℍ
n
. This manifold is diffeomorphic to the homogeneous space Sp(n)/Sp(n − p) and its isotropy representation contains equivalent summands. We obtain new Einstein metrics on V

p
ℍ
n
≅ Sp(n)/Sp(n − p), where n = k
1 + k
2 + k
3 and p = n − k
3. We view V

p
ℍ
n
as a total space over the generalized Wallach space Sp(n)/(Sp(k
1)×Sp(k
2)×Sp(k
3)) and over the generalized flag manifold Sp(n)/(U(p)×Sp(n − p)).
How Badly Will I Feel if You Don't Like Me? Social Anxiety and Predictions of Future Affect
Authors: Glenn Jeffrey J. , Chow Philip I. , Teachman Bethany A. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The current study investigated whether high and low socially-anxious individuals would show differences in affective forecasting accuracy (i.e., the prediction of emotional states in response to future events) to positive versus negative social evaluation. Method: High (n = 94) and low (n = 98) socially-anxious participants gave a speech and were randomly assigned to receive a positive or negative evaluation. Results: For affective forecasts made proximally (moments before the speech), those low in social anxiety overpredicted their affect to a greater extent to a negative evaluation versus a positive evaluation. In contrast, those high in social anxiety overpredicted their affect to positive and negative evaluations comparably, and failed to adjust their prediction for a future hypothetical negative evaluation—in effect, not learning from their prior forecasting error. Discussion: Results suggest that affective forecasting biases deserve further study as a maintaining factor for social anxiety symptoms.