bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between acute ischemic stroke etiology and macroscopic aspect of retrieved clots: is a clot’s color a warning light for underlying pathologies?
Authors: Sgreccia Alessandro , Duchmann Zoé , Desilles Jean Philippe , Lapergue Bertrand , Labreuche Julien , Kyheng Maeva , Bourcier Romain , Consoli Arturo 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundFew case reports have considered the chromatic aspect of retrieved clots and the possible association with their underlying etiology.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to analyze the frequency of the TOAST ischemic stroke typical (atrial fibrillation, dissection, atheroma) and atypical (infective endocarditis, cancer-related, valve-related thrombi) etiologies depending on the chromatic aspect of retrieved clots.MethodsA total of 255 anonymized and standardized clot photos of consecutive patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke were included. A double-blind evaluation was performed by two senior interventional neuroradiologists, who classified the visual aspects of the clots into two main patterns: red/black or white. Main patient characteristics, distribution of underlying stroke etiologies, and outcomes were compared between the two study groups.ResultsThe inter-reader agreement for clot colors was excellent (k=0.78). Two hundred and thirty-three patients were classified as having red/black clots and 22 as having white clots. A statistically significant association (p=0.001) between atypical etiologies and white clots was observed.ConclusionsWhite clots were significantly associated with atypical etiologies in this cohort,in particular, with infectious endocarditis.
Selective EGLN Inhibition Enables Ablative Radiotherapy and Improves Survival in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Fujimoto Tara N. , Colbert Lauren E. , Huang Yanqing , Molkentine Jessica M. , Deorukhkar Amit , Baseler Laura , de la Cruz Bonilla Marimar , Yu Meifang , Lin Daniel , Gupta Sonal , Cabeceiras Peter K. , Kingsley Charles V. , Tailor Ramesh C. , Sawakuchi Gabriel O. , Koay Eugene J. , Piwnica-Worms Helen , Maitra Anirban , Taniguchi Cullen M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

When pancreatic cancer cannot be removed surgically, patients frequently experience morbidity and death from progression of their primary tumor. Radiation therapy (RT) cannot yet substitute for an operation because radiation causes fatal bleeding and ulceration of the nearby stomach and intestines before achieving tumor control. There are no FDA-approved medications that prevent or reduce radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. Here, we overcome this fundamental problem of anatomy and biology with the use of the oral EGLN inhibitor FG-4592, which selectively protects the intestinal tract from radiation toxicity without protecting tumors. A total of 70 KPC mice with autochthonous pancreatic tumors received oral FG-4592 or vehicle control ± ablative RT to a cumulative 75 Gy administered in 15 daily fractions to a limited tumor field. Although ablative RT reduced complications from local tumor progression, fatal gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 56% of mice that received high-dose RT with vehicle control. However, radiation-induced bleeding was completely ameliorated in mice that received high-dose RT with FG-4592 (0% bleeding, P &lt; 0.0001 compared with vehicle). Furthermore, FG-4592 reduced epithelial apoptosis by half (P = 0.002) and increased intestinal microvessel density by 80% compared with vehicle controls. EGLN inhibition did not stimulate cancer growth, as treatment with FG-4592 alone, or overexpression of HIF2 within KPC tumors independently improved survival. Thus, we provide a proof of concept for the selective protection of the intestinal tract by the EGLN inhibition to enable ablative doses of cytotoxic therapy in unresectable pancreatic cancer by reducing untoward morbidity and death from radiation-induced gastrointestinal bleeding.

Significance:
Selective protection of the intestinal tract by EGLN inhibition enables potentially definitive doses of radiation therapy. This might allow radiation to be a surgical surrogate for unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Role of Apelin in Glioblastoma Vascularization and Invasion after Anti-VEGF Therapy: What Is the Impact on the Immune System?
Authors: Amoozgar Zohreh , Jain Rakesh K. , Duda Dan G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The limited efficacy of current antiangiogenic therapies calls for a better understanding of the specific resistance mechanisms in glioblastoma (GBM) and the urgent development of new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways. In this issue of Cancer Research, Mastrella and colleagues reported that expression of the proangiogenic peptide apelin (APLN) was decreased and GBM cell invasion was increased after anti-VEGF therapy in preclinical models of GBM. Using the mutant form of the natural apelin-13 peptide, the authors showed reduction of both angiogenesis and invasion in the GBM models, and further increased the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy. VEGF blockade is still widely used as salvage therapy for recurrent GBM, therefore these intriguing results have potential translational implications as they point to a potential new strategy to overcome VEGF blockade resistance; however, they also raise important questions for the clinical translation of this strategy, and its impact on antitumor responses, in particular immune responses.
See related article by Mastrella et al., p. 2298
Association between Cigarette Smoking and Histotype-Specific Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Review of Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Zhou Aili , Minlikeeva Albina N. , Khan Sadat , Moysich Kirsten B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that smoking can influence ovarian cancer risk and survival; however, the number of studies investigating this relationship according to histologic subtypes is limited. We conducted a review of epidemiologic research that assessed the role of smoking on ovarian cancer risk and survival after diagnosis, specifically capturing studies that discerned between various histologic subtypes of this disease. In the majority of studies, current smoking was associated with increased risk of mucinous cancer. There was also evidence of a decreased risk of clear cell and endometrioid histotypes. No significant association was observed between cigarette smoking and serous cancer. In the studies investigating the relationship between smoking and survival, all the studies reported an increased risk of mortality associated with smoking. Smoking appeared to be a risk factor for both ovarian cancer risk and mortality. Future studies need to investigate further a potential link between smoking and ovarian cancer by having a better assessment of exposure to smoking and having a larger number of participants with the ability to detect associations within rare histotypes.
Oral Mucosal Organoids as a Potential Platform for Personalized Cancer Therapy
Authors: Driehuis Else , Kolders Sigrid , Spelier Sacha , Lõhmussaar Kadi , Willems Stefan M. , Devriese Lot A. , de Bree Remco , de Ruiter Emma J. , Korving Jeroen , Begthel Harry , van Es Johan H. , Geurts Veerle , He Gui-Wei , van Jaarsveld Richard H. , Oka Rurika , Muraro Mauro J. , Vivié Judith , Zandvliet Maurice M.J.M. , Hendrickx Antoni P.A. , Iakobachvili Nino , Sridevi Priya , Kranenburg Onno , van Boxtel Ruben , Kops Geert J.P.L. , Tuveson David A. , Peters Peter J. , van Oudenaarden Alexander , Clevers Hans 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have described that tumor organoids can capture the diversity of defined human carcinoma types. Here, we describe conditions for long-term culture of human mucosal organoids. Using this protocol, a panel of 31 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)–derived organoid lines was established. This panel recapitulates genetic and molecular characteristics previously described for HNSCC. Organoids retain their tumorigenic potential upon xenotransplantation. We observe differential responses to a panel of drugs including cisplatin, carboplatin, cetuximab, and radiotherapy in vitro. Additionally, drug screens reveal selective sensitivity to targeted drugs that are not normally used in the treatment of patients with HNSCC. These observations may inspire a personalized approach to the management of HNSCC and expand the repertoire of HNSCC drugs.Significance:This work describes the culture of organoids derived from HNSCC and corresponding normal epithelium. These tumoroids recapitulate the disease genetically, histologically, and functionally. In vitro drug screening of tumoroids reveals responses to therapies both currently used in the treatment of HNSCC and those not (yet) used in clinical practice.See related commentary by Hill and D'Andrea, p. 828.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813
Petrologia e Geocronologia U-Pb (Shrimp) do Granito Coimbra – Registro do Arco Magmático Amoguijá na Região de Corumbá (MS)
Authors: Santos Gabriela Dos , Ruiz Amarildo Salina , Souza Maria Zélia Aguiar de , Batata Maria Elisa Fróes , Cabrera Rafael Ferreira , Lafon Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2019

O Granito Coimbra representa parte do embasamento da região de Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. Esse corpo é composto das fácies porfirítica rosa, média a grossa cinza e fina rosa. Uma fase de deformação de caráter compressivo (F1) gerou uma foliação expressiva N10-20E nesse corpo, com a formação de zonas de cisalhamento paralelas. Posterior à deposição das coberturas neoproterozoicas, uma fase de deformação rúptil (F2) gerou falhas e fraturas. O granito estudado apresenta composição intermediária a ácida, gerado em ambiente de arco magmático a partir de um magmatismo calcioalcalino, metaluminoso a peraluminoso de natureza magnesiana, sendo caracterizada, litoquimicamente, como tonalitos, granodioritos, granitos e álcali granitos. A idade de cristalização U-Pb/SHRIMP em zircão é de 1859 ± 4 Ma, e os dados isotópicos Sm/Nd em rocha total indicaram valores εNd(1,86Ga) de -1,35 e idade modelo TDM de 2,27 Ga, que sugere a participação de uma fonte riaciana na origem do magma. As similaridades petrográficas, litoquímicas, geocronológicas e isotópicas entre o Granito Coimbra, o Granito Taquaral e as intrusões abrigadas na Suíte Intrusiva Alumiador do Bloco Rio Apa, sugerem que o Granito Coimbra pertença ao magmatismo representado por essa suíte e, consequentemente, ao Arco Magmático Amoguijá do Bloco Rio Apa.
New species of Psychodidae (Diptera) from Australasia, with a checklist of the world species of Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae
Authors: CURLER GREGORY R. , JACOBSON AMANDA J. 
Published: May 2019

Adults of one new species of Bruchomyiinae and five new species of Sycoracinae were collected from Australia and New Caledonia, respectively. Nemopalpus glyphanos sp. nov., Sycorax furca sp. nov., S. sinuosa sp. nov., S. spina sp. nov., S. tridentata sp. nov., and S. webbi sp. nov. are described, and Sycorax dispar Satchell from New Zealand is redescribed. A key to males of Sycorax species known to occur in New Caledonia, and a checklist of the world species of Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae are provided. Characters of the male genital tract, and relationships among Australasian Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae are discussed.
The genera Tropidozineus Monné &amp; Martins, 1976 and Ozineus Bates, 1863 in Bolivia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): six new species and a new synonym
Authors: MONNÉ MIGUEL A. , MONNÉ MARCELA L. 
Published: May 2019

New species in the genera Tropidozineus Monné & Martins, 1976 and Ozineus Bates, 1863 from Bolivia are described: Tropidozineus wappesi sp. nov., from Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Amazonas), Tropidozineus adustus sp. nov., Ozineus griseostigma sp. nov., O. achirae sp. nov., O. argus sp. nov., and O. caliginosus sp. nov., all from Bolivia (Santa Cruz). A new synonym is proposed: Ozineus dubius Aurivillius, 1922 = Ozineus cinerascens Bates, 1863. Keys to the species of Tropidozineus and Ozineus from Bolivia are presented.
Assessment priorities in cerebral palsy using ICF core set by Iranian occupational therapists
Authors: Raji Parvin , Mehraban Afsoon Hassani , Ahmadi Maryam , Schiariti Veronica 
Published: May 2019

Background. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core set for cerebral palsy allows for the description of the levels of functioning in cerebral palsy. It is not exactly clear which of these levels is more important for evaluation from the perspective of occupational therapists in Iran. By identifying these priorities, we can establish a better plan for intervention. Purpose. This study defines assessment priorities in children with cerebral palsy (<6 years). Method. Sixty-two Iranian occupational therapists studied the priorities of assessment based on the Iranian ICF core set. The therapists were asked to rate the code categories from 1 to 3. The results are presented as mean values. Findings. Occupational therapists first focus on body functions assessment, then activities/participation, and ultimately, environmental factors. Implications. Occupational therapists in Iran have a bottom-up approach toward clients with cerebral palsy. It may be necessary to revise the educational curriculum, prepare a training course, and provide more supervision for practising occupational therapists.
Mental Health Recovery Narratives and Their Impact on Recipients: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Rennick-Egglestone Stefan , Morgan Kate , Llewellyn-Beardsley Joy , Ramsay Amy , McGranahan Rose , Gillard Steve , Hui Ada , Ng Fiona , Schneider Justine , Booth Susie , Pinfold Vanessa , Davidson Larry , Franklin Donna , Bradstreet Simon , Arbour Simone , Slade Mike 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Mental health recovery narratives are often shared in peer support work and antistigma campaigns. Internet technology provides access to an almost unlimited number of narratives, and yet little is known about how they affect recipients. The aim of this study was to develop a conceptual framework characterizing the impact of recovery narratives on recipients. Method: A systematic review of evidence about the impact of mental health recovery narratives was conducted. Searches used electronic databases ( n = 9), reference tracking, hand-searching of selected journals ( n = 2), grey literature searching, and expert consultation ( n = 7). A conceptual framework was generated through a thematic analysis of included articles, augmented by consultation with a Lived Experience Advisory Panel. Results: In total, 8137 articles were screened. Five articles were included. Forms of impact were connectedness, understanding of recovery, reduction in stigma, validation of personal experience, affective responses, and behavioural responses. Impact was moderated by characteristics of the recipient, context, and narrative. Increases in eating disorder behaviours were identified as a harmful response specific to recipients with eating disorders. Conclusions: Mental health recovery narratives can promote recovery. Recovery narratives might be useful for clients with limited access to peers and in online interventions targeted at reducing social isolation in rural or remote locations, but support is needed for the processing of the strong emotions that can arise. Caution is needed for use with specific clinical populations. Protocol registration: Prospero-CRD42018090923.
Students’ Experiences With Death and Dying Prior to Medical School: A Content Analysis of Students’ Written Reflections
Authors: Talwalkar Jaideep S. , Moriarty John P. , Ellman Matthew S. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Personal experiences with death and dying are common among medical students, but little is known about student attitudes and emotional responses to these experiences. Our objectives were to ascertain matriculating medical students’ experiences with death and dying, describe the range of students’ emotional responses, and identify reactions, behaviors, and perceived roles related to these and future experiences with death. Methods: We provided a writing prompt to newly matriculated medical students asking them to “reflect on experiences you may have had with family or friends near the end of life.” Content analysis was performed to identify themes in the responses. Results: The 104 students in the entering class submitted 90 individual free-text responses (87%). Most (57%) students specifically mentioned at least 1 personal experience with death, with a range of emotional responses including sadness (29%), surprise (14%), and guilt (12%). Distinct themes emerged on content analysis including personal experiences with death, anticipated response to death in future, changes in body or mind of the dying person, thoughts and observations about others, and cognitive or existential responses. Few students wrote about religion or spirituality (8%) or palliative or hospice care (2%). Conclusions: An understanding of students’ premedical school experiences and emotional reactions to death may help educators frame curricula around end-of-life care. Educators could apply enhanced awareness to help students process their own experiences as they begin caring for patients and to focus on areas that were underrepresented in students’ comments, such as religion, spirituality, palliative care, and hospice.
End-of-Life Cancer Care Redesign: Patient and Caregiver Experiences in a Lay Health Worker–Led Intervention
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Moore David , Coker Tumaini R. 
Published: May 2019

Importance: The Engagement of Patients with Advanced Cancer (EPAC), comprised of a lay health worker (LHW) who assists patients with advance care planning, is an effective intervention for improving patient experiences and reducing acute care use and total health-care costs. The objective of this study was to assess patients’ and caregivers’ experiences with the intervention. Methods: We invited all patients enrolled in EPAC and their caregivers to complete an 8-item survey at the end of the intervention and a random 35% sample to participate in a qualitative interview to assess their experiences. At 15-month follow-up, we invited all caregivers of patients who died during the study to participate in a qualitative interview. We analyzed survey responses using bivariate methods and recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interviews using qualitative content analysis. Results: Sixty-nine patients were alive at completion of the intervention and all 30 identified caregivers completed the survey. All viewed the intervention as a critical part of cancer care and recommended the intervention for other patients. In qualitative interviews, among 30 patients, all reported improved comfort in discussing their end-of-life care preferences. In qualitative interviews with 24 bereaved caregivers, all viewed the intervention as critical in ensuring that their loved ones’ wishes were adhered to at the end of life. Conclusions and Relevance: Incorporating an LHW into end-of-life cancer care is an approach supported and viewed as highly effective in improving care by patients and caregivers. The LHW-led EPAC intervention is one solution that can significantly impact patient and caregiver experiences.
The Effect of Genetically Guided Mathematical Prediction and the Blood Pressure Response to Pharmacotherapy in Hypertension Patients
Authors: Kelley Eli F , Olson Thomas P , Curry Timothy B , Sprissler Ryan , Snyder Eric M 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a simple algorithm to mathematically predict a patients’ response to blood pressure (BP) therapy using functional genes in the 3 major organ systems involved in hypertension. Methods: Eighty-six patients with controlled hypertension completed 1 study visit consisting of a buccal swab collection, measurement of office BP, and a medical chart review for BP history. Genes in the analysis included 14 functional alleles in 11 genes. These genotypes were mathematically summed per organ system to determine whether a patient would likely respond to target therapy. Results: Patients recommended to and taking a diuretic had significantly higher rates of control (<120/<80) than patients recommended but not taking this drug class (0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.03 ± 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, there was a difference between patients genetically recommended and taking an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) vs patients recommended but not taking an ARB for the lowest diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) recorded in the past 2 years (DBP = 66.2 ± 2.9 and 75.3 ± 1.7, MAP = 82.3 ± 2.8 and 89.3 ± 1.5, respectively). In addition, there was a nonsignificant trend for greater reductions in ΔSBP, ΔDBP, and ΔMAP in patients on recommended drug class for beta-blockers, diuretics, and angiotensin II receptor blockers vs patients not on these classes. Conclusion: The present study suggests that simple mathematical weighting of functional genotypes known to control BP may be ineffective in predicting control. This study demonstrates the need for a more complex, weighted, multigene algorithm to more accurately predict BP therapy response.
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and enhance the pro-survival pathways in porcine islets
Authors: Tan Yixiong , Nie Wei , Chen Cheng , He Xuesong , Xu Yuzhi , Ma Xiaoqian , Zhang Juan , Tan Mengqun , Rong Pengfei , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2019

Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Hypoxia and oxidative stress are major causes of damage to transplanted islets. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to enhance cell survival mainly through paracrine secretion. However, mechanisms of action underlying the protective effects of MSCs on islets have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (huc-MSCs) could inhibit hypoxia and ROS-related cell death of neonatal porcine islet cell clusters (NICCs) and further determined the underlying molecular mechanisms. NICCs were cultured in vitro under normoxic and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions with or without MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM). Apoptosis of NICCs was evaluated by the AO/EB staining and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis. Total and mitochondrial ROS production was detected by fluorometric assays. Western blot and the ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, were used to assess the possible pathways involved. The results showed that MSC-CM suppressed hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and cell death of NICCs. MSC-CM also activated several pro-survival pathways in NICCs under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, MSC-secreted exosomes and IL-6 partially recapitulated the multifunctional benefits of MSC-CM. This study showed that huc-MSCs protected NICCs from hypoxia-induced cell death by regulating the cell redox state and cell signaling pathways. This increased understanding may enable MSCs to become a more promising adjuvant cell therapy for islet transplantation. Impact statement The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach to serve as adjuvant therapy for islet transplantation. But the inability to translate promising preclinical results into sound therapeutic effects in human subjects indicates a lack of key knowledge of MSC-islet interactions that warrant further research. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are critical factors which lead to a tremendous loss of islet grafts. However, previous studies mainly focused on other aspects of MSC protection such as inducing revascularization, enhancing insulin secretion, and reducing islet apoptosis. In this study, we aim to investigate whether MSC can protect islet cells from hypoxic damage by inhibiting ROS production and the potential underlying pathways involved. We also explore the effects of MSC-derived exosomes and IL-6 on hypoxia-injured islets. Our data provide new molecular targets for developing MSC applications, and this may ultimately promote the efficiency of clinical islet transplantation.