bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of combined burns and major trauma in England and Wales
Authors: Battaloglu Emir , Iniguez Marisol Fragoso , Lecky Fiona , Porter Keith 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Within the United Kingdom’s major trauma networks, limited consideration is given to the management of concomitant burns and trauma injuries, prominently highlighted in the arrangement of specialist services for major trauma and burns care. The majority of the literature regarding this topic, based almost exclusively on North American studies, predicts between 5 and 7% of all patients admitted to burns centres will suffer from concomitant (non-thermal) trauma injuries, in addition to their burn injuries. The aim of this study is to understand the epidemiology and outcomes for patients sustaining burns and trauma injuries in England and Wales. Methods A retrospective review of patients sustaining concomitant burns and trauma injuries was made over a 71-month period from January 2010 to November 2016, using the national trauma registry for England and Wales, the Trauma Audit and Research Network database, identifying all patients with injury codes for burns and trauma (AIS >3). Data collected comprised patient demographic information, burn injury percentages, details of trauma injuries, details of hospital stay, and patient outcome. Comparison of information was made against the total burns and total trauma cohort to form a base standard for burns and trauma injuries, respectively. Results Over the period analysed, 188 patients were found to have concomitant burns and trauma injuries. The patients were stratified according to age and the percentage of total body surface area burned. Hospital length of stay for concomitant burns and trauma patients was found to be higher than that of patients with isolated burns injuries. Mortality rates, although low overall, were found to be relatively higher for patients with concomitant burns and trauma injuries. Conclusions This study demonstrated the rarity of this combination of injury pattern, in particular the occurrence of severe burns in the presence of major trauma, in UK. Improvements in burns care and trauma care hopefully contributes to the higher level of survival in concomitantly injured patients against data from previous literature. However, the synergistic effect of burns and trauma injuries appears to impact on the course of such patients, although larger scale analysis is required to determine the true prognostic factors.
Prophylactic Administration of Nanocurcumin Abates the Incidence of Liver Toxicity Induced by an Overdose of Copper Sulfate: Role of CYP4502E1, NF-κB and Bax Expressions
Authors: Alhusaini Ahlam , Hasan Iman H. , Aldowsari Nouf , Alsaadan Njood 
Published: December 2018

Background: The consequences of excess copper in human tissue are the alterations in the oxidative stress markers and peroxidative damage of membrane lipids. Unselective copper binding may be the clue to damaging impact to protein construction and hence modifying their biological functions. The aim of this study is to match the hepatoprotective efficacy of curcumin (CM) or nanocurcumin (NCM) with that of desferrioxamine (DSF; standard heavy metal chelator) against toxic doses of copper sulphate (CuSO4). Method: All treatments were given simultaneously with CuSO4 for 7 days. Result: CuSO4 administration elevated serum alanine transaminase, and hepatic nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxide, and caspase-3 as well as protein expression of cytochrome P4502E1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Bax gene expressions. On the other hand, hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10 were decreased, whereas DNA degradation was increased as well compared with the control group. The administration of the aforementioned antioxidants ameliorated all the previous altered measured parameters. Interestingly, NCM achieved the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect nearly equivalent to that of DSF. Conclusion: It was concluded that NCM is considered a promising candidate against CuSO4 toxicity, and cytochrome P450, NF-κB, and Bax are involved in its toxicity and treatment.
Treatment of chronic bilateral facet dislocation in a 6-year-old: A case report
Authors: Alassaf Nabil , Attia Walid 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Spine injuries seldom affect the subaxial spine in children less than 9 years of age. We describe the management of a chronic paediatric bilateral facet dislocation. Methods: Case report and literature review. A 6-year-old boy presented 10 weeks after a motor vehicle collision with bilateral C4–C5 malunited facet dislocation. He had an incomplete spinal cord injury; right brown sequard hemiplegia, Frankel grade D. Results: Surgical management was through posterior–anterior–posterior approach without preoperative skull traction. Two years postoperatively, the child was asymptomatic, ambulating and functioning well. The injury had healed in radiographs. Conclusion: A combined approach for chronic bilateral facet dislocation applies to the paediatric age group to realign the spine.
Total mesorectal excision with or without preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable mid/low rectal cancer: a long‐term analysis of a prospective, single‐center, randomized trial
Authors: Wang Fulong , Fan Wenhua , Peng Jianhong , Lu Zhenhai , Pan Zhizhong , Li Liren , Gao Yuanhong , Li Hui , Chen Gong , Wu Xiaojun , Ding Peirong , Zeng Zhifan , Wan Desen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe preliminary results of our phase II randomized trial reported comparable functional sphincter preservation rates and short‐term survival outcomes between patients undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). We now report the long‐term results after a median follow‐up of 71 months.MethodsBetween March 23, 2008 and August 2, 2012, 192 patients with T3‐T4 or node‐positive, resectable, mid/low rectal adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to receive TME with or without preoperative CCRT. The following endpoints were assessed: cumulative rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe data of 184 eligible patients were analyzed: 94 patients in the TME group and 90 patients in the CCRT + TME group. In the whole cohort, the 5‐year DFS and OS rates were 84.8% and 85.1%, respectively. The 5‐year DFS rates were 85.2% in the CCRT + TME group and 84.3% in the TME group (P = 0.969), and the 5‐year OS rates were 83.5% in the CCRT + TME group and 86.5% in the TME group (P = 0.719). The 5‐year cumulative rates of local recurrence were 6.3% and 5.0% (P = 0.681), and the 5‐year cumulative rates of distant metastasis were 15.0% and 15.7% (P = 0.881) in the CCRT + TME and TME groups, respectively. No significant improvements in 5‐year DFS and OS were observed with CCRT by subgroup analyses.ConclusionsBoth treatment strategies yielded similar long‐term outcomes. A selective policy towards preoperative CCRT is thus recommended for rectal cancer patients if high‐quality TME surgery and enhanced chemotherapy can be performed.Trial registration ChiCTR‐TRC‐08000122. Registered 16 July 2008
A population-based study of the frequency and predictors of induced abortion among women with schizophrenia
Authors: Brown Hilary K. , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Kurdyak Paul , Vigod Simone N. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundInduced abortion is an indicator of access to, and quality of reproductive healthcare, but rates are relatively unknown in women with schizophrenia.AimsWe examined whether women with schizophrenia experience increased induced abortion compared with those without schizophrenia, and identified factors associated with induced abortion risk.MethodIn a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study (2011–2013), we compared women with and without schizophrenia in Ontario, Canada on rates of induced abortions per 1000 women and per 1000 live births. We then followed a longitudinal cohort of women with schizophrenia aged 15–44 years (n= 11 149) from 2011, using modified Poisson regression to identify risk factors for induced abortion.ResultsWomen with schizophrenia had higher abortion rates than those without schizophrenia in all years (15.5–17.5v.12.8–13.6 per 1000 women; largest rate ratio, 1.33; 95% CI 1.16–1.54). They also had higher abortion ratios (592–736v.321–341 per 1000 live births; largest rate ratio, 2.25; 95% CI 1.96–2.59). Younger age (<25 years; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 1.84; 95% CI 1.39–2.44), multiparity (aRR 2.17, 95% CI 1.66–2.83), comorbid non-psychotic mental illness (aRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.34–3.46) and substance misuse disorders (aRR 1.85, 95% CI 1.47–2.34) were associated with increased abortion risk.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate vulnerability related to reproductive healthcare for women with schizophrenia. Evidence-based interventions to support optimal sexual health, particularly in young women, those with psychiatric and addiction comorbidity, and women who have already had a child, are warranted.
The Transcriptional Signature of a Runner’s High
Authors: HICKS STEVEN D. , JACOB PAIGE , PEREZ OMAR , BAFFUTO MATTHEW , GAGNON ZOFIA , MIDDLETON FRANK A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Endorphins, endocannabinoids, monoamines, and neurotrophins have all been implicated in the euphoric response to endurance running, known as a runner’s high (RH). The epitranscriptional mechanisms regulating this effect have not been defined. Here, we investigate peripheral micro–ribonucleic acid (miRNA) changes unique to athletes experiencing postrun euphoria, yielding insights into gene networks that control an RH.

Methods
A cohort study involving 25 collegiate runners (48% females, age = 20 ± 1 yr) examined salivary RNA levels before and after a long-distance run. Participants were divided into RH and nonrunner’s high (NRH) groups based on surveys of four criteria (mood, lost sense of time, run quality, and euphoria). Physiological measures were also recorded (temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, and salivary serotonin). Levels of miRNAs and their messenger RNA targets were compared across pre- and postrun samples from RH and NRH groups with two-way ANOVA. Representation of opioid, gamma-aminobutyic acid (GABA), endocannabinoid, neurotrophin, serotonergic, and dopaminergic pathways was assessed in DIANA miRPath. Pearson’s correlation analyses examined relationships between miRNAs and RH indices.

Results
RH participants (n = 13) demonstrated postrun mydriasis (P = 0.046) and hypothermia (P = 0.043) relative to NRH participants (n = 12) but had no difference in serotonin dynamics (P = 0.88). Six miRNAs (miR-194-5p, miR-4676-3p, miR-4254, miR-4425, miR-1273-3p, miR-6743-5p) exhibited significant effects (false discovery rate P value < 0.05) across pre- or postrun and RH/NRH groups. These miRNAs displayed target enrichment for opioid (P = 2.74E−06) and GABA (P = 0.00016) pathways. miR-1237-3p levels were related with lost sense of time (R = 0.40). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK11), an endocannabinoid target of miR-1273-3p, was nominally elevated in RH participants (false discovery rate P value = 0.11).

Conclusions
Unique dynamics in miRNA concentration occur in athletes with subjective/objective evidence of RH, targeting genes implicated endorphin, endocannabinoid, and GABAergic signaling.
Human activities and persistent coral reef degradation in Gaspar Strait, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Singgih Afifa , Syari Indra Ambalika , Akbar Helmy , Suyatna Iwan , Setiamarga Davin H. E. 
Published: December 2018

Background: The aim of the study was to describe the coral reef condition in Bangka Belitung Islands, particularly from Gaspar Strait. This research location is well known for its underwater archaeological discovery and shipwreck sites. Recent increases in mining, fishing and tourism activities in the surrounding islands might have affected the condition of the coral reef. Methods: Nine islands inside the strait were visited (i.e. Langer, Kembung, Piling, Aur, Salma, Pongok, Celagen, Kelapan, and Lepar Island), and a line transect was used to observed coral reef conditions. Results: Coral cover was found to be predominantly in fair conditions (25-50%). Coral mortality index also tended to be high, which indicated that the coral reef ecosystem was in threatened conditions. Previous and recent reports also reported the same condition as found by this study. Conclusion: Degradation of the coral community in Bangka Belitung Islands is likely caused by human activities. This suggests that increasing human activities significantly affects the coral reef condition. Protection of coral reefs with sustainable management for mining activity, tourism and fishing practices are needed.
Excellence in palliative and end-of-life care provision for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Tuffrey-Wijne Irene , Davidson Jason 
Published: December 2018

Background: People with an intellectual disability experience significant inequalities in end-of-life and palliative care provision. Aims: To identify the key characteristics of practice initiatives and case reports that have won a UK award for the outstanding provision of end-of-life care for people with ID (2008–2018). Methods: Thematic content analysis of the written nominations for award winners and those highly commended (n=25). Findings: Four themes were identified: (1) Good practice was dependent on ‘champions’ with drive, enthusiasm and determination, supported by committed organisations and managers. (2) Collaboration was essential, including collaboration with families. (3) Care was highly individualised, putting the person's story at the centre. (4) There was a focus on staff training and use of specifically designed or adapted tools. Conclusion: The good practice examples are encouraging. Focus is now needed on ensuring that good practice is sustained, replicated and embedded within policies and organisational cultures. Currently, it remains over-dependent on committed individuals within organisations.
Extensión y etnografía: una travesía por la integralidad y la comprensión de prácticas de comunicación comunitaria
Authors: Schneider Gretel 
Published: December 2018

En este artículo proponemos destacar la importancia del registro etnográfico como herramienta para documentar los recorridos de la intervención desde la universidad en diversos entramados sociales y facilitar procesos de producción de conocimiento.
En el Área de Comunicación Comunitaria de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación (UNER) consideramos que llevar registros etnográficos durante el desarrollo de los proyectos de extensión entre los años 2004 a 2017 nos permitió establecer definiciones sobre cómo pensamos y hacemos la extensión, reconocer las condiciones en las que se despliega la intervención, pensar y repensar la práctica, reconocer modos de significación del mundo y encaminarnos en un proceso reflexivo que nos lleva a ser sujetos de la integralidad de las funciones universitarias, lo que pone en discusión la noción cristalizada de “investigadores puros”. Por ello es que nos interesa aquí, recuperar y compartir el valor de la tarea de documentar los recorridos extensionistas, desde nuestra experiencia de talleres en la cárcel en los que llevamos registros etnográficos a modo de notas de campo.
Educación superior, internacionalización e integración en América Latina y el Caribe. Balance regional y prospectivo
Authors: Buscemi Amelia 
Published: December 2018

La presente publicación fue presentada en el marco de Conferencia Regional de Educación Superior (CRES) celebrada en Córdoba en junio de 2018, a 100 años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918. El libro realiza un balance con visos prospectivos, detectando prácticas significativas y dificultades en materia de integración e internacionalización de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). El documento contiene 7 capítulos que dan cuenta de las dimensiones y elementos propios de la internacionalización y las reflexiones que presentan los autores, arrojando datos valiosos sobre los últimos desarrollos, avances y desafíos para la región, como una suerte de “hoja de ruta” para los escenarios venideros que permiten diseñar políticas efectivas y con potencial de cambio en el mismo sentido, así como también, contribuir a mejorar la calidad y la atractividad de los sistemas de educación superior de ALC, su posicionamiento y competitividad internacional que necesitan nuestros países.
The welfare cost of inflation with banking time
Authors: Gillman Max 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the welfare cost of inflation in a banking time economy that models exchange credit through a bank production approach. The estimate of welfare cost uses fundamental parameters of utility and production technologies. It is compared to a cash-only economy, and a [Lucas, Robert Jr. E. 2000. “Inflation and Welfare.” Econometrica 68 (2): 247–274.] shopping economy without leisure, as special cases. The paper estimates the welfare cost of a 10% inflation rate instead of zero, for comparison to other estimates, as well as the cost of a 2% inflation rate instead of a zero inflation rate. A zero rate is statutorily specified as the US inflation rate target in the 1978 Employment Act amendments. The paper provides a conservative welfare cost estimate of 2% inflation instead of zero at $33 billion a year. Estimates of the percent of government expenditure that can be financed through a 2% vs. zero inflation rate are also provided.
Factors Affecting the Development of Voluntary Pension Schemes in CEE Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Edyta 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe study provides some quantitative information on voluntary pension plans in 10 CEE countries obtained from various local sources. The comparative analysis shows that there is a considerable variation in this group in terms of participation and contributions to the voluntary pension plans. In addition, this study empirically examines several factors that can possibly affect the development of voluntary pensions: income per capita and poverty rate, income inequality, replacement rate from the pension system, education attainment, interest rate and demographic burden. It uses a panel regression framework for the period of 2006–2014. The results reveal that, in the case of participation in voluntary pension plans, only income level per capita is associated with a greater number of pension plan members. As far as contributions are concerned, education seems to be the most important determinant of additional pension savings. Other factors do not seem to explain well both of the studied variables reflecting the development of voluntary pension schemes. However, as individual fixed effects are proven to be significant in the estimated models, one could conclude that country-specific characteristics play a significant role in explaining the development of voluntary pension schemes. They can be referred to the design and parametric settings of the non-mandatory pension system.
EFFECT OF ROW DIRECTIONS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFECTO DE LA DIRECCION DE EXTENSION DE HILERA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y LOS COMPONENTES DEL RENDIMIENTO DE GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFET DU SENS DES RANGÉES SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LES COMPOSANTES DU RENDEMENT CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Shafiullah S. Asad , Baitullah M.A. Rana , Baitullah A.S. Khan 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARY
Effect of different row directions on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied in a field experiment at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, during spring 1991 and 1992. Four row directions, i.e., north-south (NS), east-west (EW), north eastsouth west (NESW) and north west-south east (NWSE) had very little effect on seed yield and other agronomic characters of sunflower. The differences in the mean plant height, head diameter, seed yield, 100-achene weight and fatty acid profile were statistically non-significant. Trends were similar in both years. As an average of the two years, although statistically non-significant, the highest seed yield of 3065 kg/ha was obtained from north east-south west (NESW) row direction and the lowest yield of 2624 kg/ha from east-west (EW) row direction. The most pronounced effect of row direction was noted on seed moisture content. As an average of the two years, the maximum seed moisture content at harvest (21.4%) was obtained from east-west (EW) row direction and the minimum (14.6%) from north-south (NS) row direction. NESW row direction also gave significantly lower moisture content (15.1%) than EW (21.4%) and NWSE (18.1%) row directions. Therefore, using north-south and NESW row directions would help the crop to dry more quickly before harvest and reduce post harvest costs and losses. Seed production fields that require examination of sunflower heads to detect pollen production should be planted in NS rows for efficient roguing to maintain genetic purity. For research plots, EW rows with plot labels on the east end are often preferred, because it is easier to evaluate most plots when all heads face the viewer.
Partition Behavior of Alloying Elements in Nickel-Based Alloys and Their Activity Interaction Parameters and Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients
Authors: Ju Tianhua , Ding Xueyong , Zhang Yingyi , Chen Xiangkui , Chen Weiliang , Wang Bo , Yan Xinlin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The partition behavior of alloying elements between the γ’ and γ phases in Nickel-based alloys was investigated by using infinite dilution activity coefficient and activity interaction parameter. The results showed that the preferential partition behavior of elements in the γ’ and γ phases is related to its infinite dilution activity coefficient (

ln

γ
i
0

\ln \gamma _i^0

). When

ln

γ
i
0

≪
0

\ln \gamma _i^0 \ll 0

, the element
i
has a strong tendency to partition in the γ’ phase; When

ln

γ
i
0

\ln \gamma _i^0

approaches to zero, the element
i
has preferentially partition to the matrix γ phase. In addition, the partition behavior of element
i
in the γ’ and γ phases is also affected by the third element
j
in Nickel-based alloys, and this effect can be distinguished by the sign of the second-order activity interaction parameter

ρ
i

i
j

\rho _i^{ij}

.
Theoretical Assessment of a Porous Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Wave Propagation
Authors: Yakasai Izaddeen Kabir , Rahman Atta , Abas Pg Emeroylariffion , Begum Feroza 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A porous core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for transmitting terahertz waves is reported and characterized using finite element method. It is shown that by enveloping an octagonal core consisting of only circular air holes in a hexagonal cladding, it is possible to attain low effective material loss that is 73.8% lower than the bulk material absorption loss at 1.0 THz operating frequency. Moreover, a low confinement loss of 7.53×10–5 cm−1 and dispersion profile of 1.0823±0.06 ps/THz/cm within 0.7–1 THz are obtained using carefully selected geometrical design parameters. Other guiding properties such as single-mode operation, bending loss, and effective area are also investigated. The structural design of this porous core PCF is comparatively simple since it contains noncomplex lattices and circular shaped air holes; and therefore, may be implemented using existing fabrication techniques. Due to its auspicious guiding properties, the proposed fiber may be used in single mode terahertz imaging and other short distance terahertz applications.