bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biochemical mechanisms of plastic biodegradation
Authors: Gates Ethan G , Crook Nathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the invention of the first synthetic plastic, an estimated 12 billion metric tons of plastics have been manufactured, 70% of which was produced in the last 20 years. Plastic waste is placing new selective pressures on humans and the organisms we depend on, yet it also places new pressures on microorganisms as they compete to exploit this new and growing source of carbon. The limited efficacy of traditional recycling methods on plastic waste, which can leach into the environment at low purity and concentration, indicates the utility of this evolving metabolic activity. This review will categorize and discuss the probable metabolic routes for each industrially relevant plastic, rank the most effective biodegraders for each plastic by harmonizing and reinterpreting prior literature, and explain the experimental techniques most often used in plastic biodegradation research, thus providing a comprehensive resource for researchers investigating and engineering plastic biodegradation.
Thick Ascending Limb Specific Inactivation of Myh9 and Myh10 Myosin Motors Results in Progressive Kidney Disease and Drives Sex-specific Cellular Adaptation in the Distal Nephron and Collecting Duct
Authors: Otterpohl Karla L , Busselman Brook W , Zimmerman Jenna L , Mukherjee Malini , Evans Claire , Graber Kelly , Thakkar Vedant P , Johnston Jermaine G , Ilyas Arooba , Gumz Michelle L , Eaton Douglas C , Sands Jeff M , Surendran Kameswaran , Chandrasekar Indra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Our previous work established a role for myosin motor proteins MYH9 and MYH10 in trafficking of thick ascending limb (TAL) cargoes uromodulin and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC2. We have generated a TAL-specific Myh9&10 conditional knockout (Myh9&10 TAL-cKO) mouse model to determine the cell autonomous roles for MYH9&10 in TAL cargo trafficking and to understand the consequence of TAL dysfunction in adult kidney. Myh9&10 TAL-cKO mice develop progressive kidney disease with pathological tubular injury confirmed by histological changes, tubular injury markers, upregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response, and higher blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. However, male mice survive twice as long as female mice. We have determined this sexual dimorphism in morbidity is due to adaptation of the distal nephron and collecting duct in response to TAL dysfunction and lower NKCC2 expression. We demonstrate that this triggers a compensatory mechanism involving sex-specific cellular adaptation within the distal nephron and collecting duct to boost sodium reabsorption. While both sexes overcompensate by activating epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expression in medullary collecting ducts resulting in hypernatremia, this is initially subdued in male Myh9&10 TAL-cKO mice through higher sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) expression within the distal nephron. Our results indicate that compromised TAL function ultimately results in maladaptation of medullary collecting duct cells which acquire cortical-like properties including ENaC expression. This work further confirms a cell autonomous role for MYH9&10 in maintenance of NKCC2 expression in the TAL and uncover distal nephron and collecting duct adaptive mechanisms which respond to TAL dysfunction.
Caregiving Challenges From Persistent Pain Among Family Caregivers to People With Dementia
Authors: Turner Shelbie G , Mindlis Irina , Reid M Carrington , Pillemer Karl A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Many family caregivers to people with dementia experience persistent physical pain. Though caregivers’ pain is associated with poor caregiving outcomes, there is little research on how pain challenges caregiving to yield poor outcomes. This study developed a typology of caregiving challenges from pain among family caregivers to people with dementia.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews with 25 family caregivers living with persistent pain and caring for people with dementia. We inductively analyzed data via a thematic analysis approach, wherein we identified and categorized caregiving challenges stemming from caregivers’ pain. We then analyzed how challenges were related to one another and their consequences for caregiving outcomes.

Results
Analysis revealed 3 interrelated categories of caregiving challenges from living with pain: (a) physical (e.g., difficulty lifting care recipient), (b) psychological/emotional (e.g., worry about future care if their pain condition worsens), and (c) familial/relational (e.g., resentment toward family without pain for not helping with care). Caregivers reported that these challenges compounded one another in ways that made both caregiving and pain management more difficult. Moreover, challenges led to caregivers delaying or skipping care tasks. The nature of challenges and their connection to caregiving outcomes were dependent on various supporting factors, such as whether caregivers reported benefits from their own pain (e.g., greater empathy).

Discussion and Implications
The resulting typology informs a conceptual model to guide future translational research on caregivers’ pain, including illuminating promising intervention targets of pain self-management programs for family caregivers to people with dementia.
Detection of Live Attenuated Measles Virus in the Respiratory Tract Following Subcutaneous Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination
Authors: Watkins Timothy A , Brockhurst Jacqueline K , Germain Gregory , Griffin Diane E , Foxman Ellen F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The live attenuated measles vaccine is extremely effective in preventing measles and induces mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract; however, the mechanism is not known. We show that live attenuated measles virus (LAMV) RNA is frequently detected in the respiratory tract 7–21 days after subcutaneous measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in healthy children (n = 5/20) and macaques (n = 6/8). Replicating LAMV was isolated from the lungs of 2 macaques, with no evidence of transmission to unvaccinated individuals. These observations suggest that LAMV in the respiratory tract may play a role in the development of robust mucosal immunity following MMR vaccination.
Impact of a multifaceted antibiotic stewardship programme in a paediatric acute care unit over 8 years
Authors: Brigadoi Giulia , Gres Emelyne , Barbieri Elisa , Liberati Cecilia , Rossin Sara , Chiusaroli Lorenzo , Demarin Giulia Camilla , Tesser Francesca , Maestri Linda , Tirelli Francesca , Carrara Elena , Tacconelli Evelina , Bressan Silvia , Giaquinto Carlo , Da Dalt Liviana , Donà Daniele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotics are the most prescribed drugs for children worldwide, but overuse and misuse have led to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) have proven feasible in reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use. The study aimed at evaluating the impact and sustainability of an ASP with multiple interventions over 8 years.

Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted between 2014 and 2022 in the paediatric acute care unit of Padua University Hospital. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the electronic clinical records. Daily prescriptions were collected and analysed based on the AWaRe classification and using days of therapy (DOT) out of 1000 patient days (DOT/1000PDs). The primary outcome was to assess the change in overall antibiotic consumption and of access and watch antibiotics, stratifying patients with and without comorbidities. Trends in antibiotic consumption (DOTs/1000PD) were assessed using joinpoint regression analysis.

Findings
A total of 3118 children were included. Total antibiotic consumption remained stable and low in patients without comorbidities, ∼300 DOT/1000PDs, whereas a statistically significant constant reduction was observed in children with comorbidities, from almost 500 DOT/1000PPDs to &lt;400 DOT/1000PDs. Access consumption increased in both groups of patients, whereas watch consumption constantly decreased, although statistically significant only in children with comorbidities.

Interpretation
Implementing a multistep ASP has proven feasible and sustainable in improving antibiotic prescriptions for previously healthy and fragile children. All the implemented interventions were low cost, and with efficient use of resources, ensuring an ASP that was effective, practical, and easily replicable and implementable in various healthcare settings.
Enhancement efficiency of flow and irreversibility system for MHD Buongiorno’s nanofluid in complex peristaltic tapered channel with electroosmosis forces
Authors: Alsemiry Reima Daher , Abo-Elkhair Rabea E , Eid Mohamed R , Elsaid Essam M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic flow efficiency and irreversibility improvement research are multiple problems that arise when electroosmosis forces affect Buongiorno’s nanofluid in a complicated peristaltic tapered channel. Thermal energy and temperature gradients cause nanoparticles to migrate randomly, affecting flow efficiency and irreversibility. Sometimes the infected veins generate complex peristaltic waves on its walls. The mathematical model that characterizes the motion of Jeffrey magnetohydrodynamic Buongiorno’s nanofluid inside a complex tapered peristaltic channel, considering the effects of electroosmotic forces, is discussed. The long wavelength and low Reynolds numbers approximation is considered. The approximate solution of the nonlinear system of partial differential formulas is obtained using the Adomian decomposition method. Also, the irreversibility of the system and entropy generation are being studied. Flow characteristics with biophysical and thermal parameters are plotted and discussed. The improvement in the interstitial distances that make up the nanofluid in turn enhances the Bejan numbers. So, one of the important results is that when the increment of Brownian motion and thermophoresis of the nanoparticles, the Bejan numbers are raised significantly. Both the Jeffrey parameter and Debye–Huckel parameter work to upsurge the loss of kinetic energy within the molecules, which reduces the temperatures inside the nanofluid and thus reduces the entropy rate, in contrast to the rest of the parameters that raise the kinetic energy inside the molecules that make up the nanofluid.
Study protocol: randomized phase III trial of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy vs. immediate surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for localized soft tissue sarcoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group study JCOG2102 (NACLESS)
Authors: Funauchi Yuki , Tsukushi Satoshi , Hiraga Hiroaki , Sakamoto Akio , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Nagano Akihito , Hiraoka Koji , Kikuta Kazutaka , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Ae Keisuke , Kawai Akira , Endo Makoto , Sano Yusuke , Machida Ryunosuke , Sekita Tetsuya , Fukuda Haruhiko , Oda Yoshinao , Ozaki Toshifumi , Tanaka Kazuhiro ,   JCOG Bone Soft Tissue Tumor Study Group
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The optimal timing of surgery and the number of courses of perioperative chemotherapy for high-risk soft tissue sarcoma patients are still controversial. Tumour growth during neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to limb amputation in some patients. This study aims to confirm the non-inferiority of surgery and three courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with adriamycin (30 mg/m2, days 1 and 2) plus ifosfamide (2 g/m2, days 1–5) compared with our standard treatment of three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery followed by two courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with adriamycin plus ifosfamide for localized high-risk soft tissue sarcoma patients. This is a multi-center, two-arm, open-label, randomized phase III trial. The primary aim is to confirm the non-inferiority in overall survival (margin: hazard ratio of 1.61). This is the first randomized controlled trial to compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immediate surgery for soft tissue sarcoma. This trial was initiated on 16 November 2022 and registered with the Japan Clinical Trials Registry (jRCTs031220446).
Entomological surveillance of container-breeding mosquitoes focusing on Aedes (Stegomyia) (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors along altitudinal range in Nepal
Authors: Sukupayo Punya Ram , Poudel Ram Chandra , Ghimire Tirth Raj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mosquitoes are a significant public health concern due to their role in transmitting various diseases. This study aimed to investigate mosquitoes’ diversity, abundance, and ecological aspects, mainly focusing on Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes, in central Nepal. The research explored variations across regions, seasons, altitudes, and years. Fieldwork for mosquito collection was conducted between May 2022 and October 2023. Dipping and pipetting methods were employed to collect larvae and pupae, whereas Biogents-Mosquitaire trap captured adult mosquitoes. A total of 7,223 (3,640 larvae and 3,583 adults) mosquitoes, belonging to 8 genera and 18 species, were collected and analyzed. Additionally, a survey examined 5,941 wet containers of 20 different types to assess potential breeding sites. The study revealed Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) (34.13%) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (27.36%) as the most abundant species. Interestingly, larvae were predominantly Aedes spp. (66.13%), whereas only 13.76% of adults belonged to this genus. Mosquito abundance varied across locations and altitudes, with Siwalik region (331–700 m asl) exhibiting the highest numbers. The monsoon season showed the highest overall abundance (1,492). Used tires were identified as significant breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes, and infestation rates were higher in shaded containers. Seasonal analysis showed the House Index (HI) reaching its peak (10.92%) and the Breteau Index (BI) reaching 23.08% during the monsoon. Conversely, the Container Index (CI) reached its highest point (37.67%) in the post-monsoon season. The results emphasize the need for comprehensive disease prevention strategies at local and national levels, including public awareness campaigns, to address mosquito-borne illnesses in this famous tourist region.
Sexual function and satisfaction in young women with breast cancer: a 5-year prospective study
Authors: Ferrigno Guajardo Ana , Vaca-Cartagena Bryan F , Mesa-Chavez Fernanda , Platas Alejandra , Fonseca Alan , Cruz-Ramos Marlid , Miaja Avila Melina , Rodriguez Ana Laura , Cabrera-Galeana Paula , Mohar Alejandro , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Young women with breast cancer (YWBC) face unique challenges that can affect their sexual health. This study aimed to identify factors associated with sexual activity, function, and satisfaction in YWBC up to 5 years postdiagnosis.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of 474 women 40 years of age or younger diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer in Mexico. Sexual function and satisfaction were assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index and the Sexual Satisfaction Inventory, respectively. Factors associated with sexual health outcomes were examined using mixed-effects models.

Results
The prevalence of sexual dysfunction increased from 33.6% at baseline to 52.9% at 4-5 years postdiagnosis. Factors associated with worse sexual function included older age (mean predicted FSFI score = −1.35, P = .037), treatment-induced amenorrhea (−2.86, P &lt; .001), depression (−4.11, P &lt; .001), and anxiety (−2.13, P &lt; .001). Lower sexual satisfaction was associated with lower educational attainment (mean predicted SSI score = −5.61, P = .002), being single (−6.41, P &lt; .001), treatment-induced amenorrhea (−3.76, P = .004), bilateral oophorectomy (−8.21, P = .017), depression (−11.29, P &lt; .001), and anxiety (−7.50, P &lt; .001). Quality of life, body image, and systemic therapy side effects significantly affected both outcomes. Three distinct trajectories of sexual function were identified: high (62.2%), intermediate (24.3%), and markedly declining (13.5%). Four trajectories of sexual satisfaction were found, ranging from intermediate-to-high (57.3%) to progressively worsening (27.5%).

Conclusion
Sexual dysfunction is prevalent and persistent among YWBC. Multiple biological, psychological, and social factors influence sexual health outcomes in this population. These findings highlight the importance of routine screening and tailored interventions to address the sexual health of YWBC throughout survivorship.
Surgical management of delayed mucosal cyst after rhinoplasty: a case report
Authors: Kubilay Utku , Yaramis Huseyin Berk 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mucosal cysts are rare late complications of rhinoplasty, appearing anywhere from weeks to years post-surgery. The cyst’s location can cause both cosmetic and functional issues. Definitive treatment requires complete surgical excision of the cyst and its capsule to prevent recurrence. A 32-year-old man presented with a 2 × 2-cm painless, soft nasal mass 3 years after open rhinoplasty. The mass had gradually enlarged over 6 months, leading to breathing difficulties. Physical examination revealed a pollybeak deformity. Imaging confirmed a well-defined cystic lesion. The cyst was excised through an open rhinoplasty approach, followed by reconstruction using a costal cartilage graft. The postoperative period was uneventful, with no recurrence or issues at 12 months follow-up. We highlight the importance of meticulous surgical techniques in rhinoplasty to reduce mucosal cyst formation. For cysts &gt;1 cm, open rhinoplasty is preferred due to better reconstruction and lower recurrence rates.
Cosmology in modified f (𝒢) gravity: a late-time cosmic phenomena
Authors: Lohakare Santosh V , Niyogi Soumyadip , Mishra B 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
In this work, we present a method for numerically solving the Friedmann equations of modified $f(\mathcal {G})$ gravity in the presence of pressureless matter. This method enables us to predict the redshift behaviour of the Hubble expansion rate. To evaluate the credibility of the model, we applied a Bayesian MCMC technique using late-time cosmic observations to impose limitations on the free parameters of the Gauss–Bonnet model. Our results suggest that the $f(\mathcal {G})$ model can reproduce the low-redshift behaviour of the standard Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, but there are significant differences at high redshifts, leading to the absence of a standard matter-dominated epoch. We also examined the profiles of cosmographic parameters using the model parameter values from the standard range to verify the intermediate epochs. Our analysis shows that the highly promising $f(\mathcal {G})$ model is a feasible candidate for explaining the current epochs. We presented a dynamical system analysis framework to examine the stability of the model. Our study identified critical points depicting various phases of the Universe and explained the evolutionary epochs. We demonstrated that the model effectively captures the evolution of energy components over cosmic time, supporting its validity as an alternate explanation for the observed acceleration of the Universe.
Hawai‘i Supernova Flows: a peculiar velocity survey using over a Thousand Supernovae in the near-infrared
Authors: Do Aaron , Shappee Benjamin J , Tonry John L , Tully R Brent , de Jaeger Thomas , Rubin David , Ashall Chris , Burns Christopher R , Desai Dhvanil D , Hinkle Jason T , Hoogendam Willem B , Huber Mark E , Jones David O , Mandel Kaisey S , Payne Anna V , Peterson Erik R , Scolnic Dan , Tucker Michael A 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We introduce the Hawai‘i Supernova Flows project and present summary statistics of the first 1217 astronomical transients observed, 668 of which are spectroscopically classified Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia). Our project is designed to obtain systematics-limited distances to SNe Ia while consuming minimal dedicated observational resources. To date, we have performed almost 5000 near-infrared (NIR) observations of astronomical transients and have obtained spectra for over 200 host galaxies lacking published spectroscopic redshifts. In this survey paper, we describe the methodology used to select targets, collect/reduce data, calculate distances, and perform quality cuts. We compare our methods to those used in similar studies, finding general agreement or mild improvement. Our summary statistics include various parametrizations of dispersion in the Hubble diagrams produced using fits to several commonly used SN Ia models. We find the lowest dispersions using the SNooPy package’s EBV_model2, with a root mean square deviation of 0.165 mag and a normalized median absolute deviation of 0.123 mag. The full utility of the Hawai‘i Supernova Flows data set far exceeds the analyses presented in this paper. Our photometry will provide a valuable test bed for models of SN Ia incorporating NIR data. Differential cosmological studies comparing optical samples and combined optical and NIR samples will have increased leverage for constraining chromatic effects like dust extinction. We invite the community to explore our data by making the light curves, fits, and host galaxy redshifts publicly accessible.
Iron-sulfur cluster-dependent enzymes and molybdenum-dependent reductases in the anaerobic metabolism of human gut microbes
Authors: Zahn Leah E , Gannon Paige M , Rajakovich Lauren J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metalloenzymes play central roles in the anaerobic metabolism of human gut microbes. They facilitate redox and radical-based chemistry that enables microbial degradation and modification of various endogenous, dietary, and xenobiotic nutrients in the anoxic gut environment. In this review, we highlight major families of iron-sulfur (Fe–S) cluster-dependent enzymes and molybdenum cofactor-containing enzymes used by human gut microbes. We describe the metabolic functions of 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases, glycyl radical enzyme activating enzymes, Fe–S cluster-dependent flavoenzymes, U32 oxidases, and molybdenum-dependent reductases and catechol dehydroxylases in the human gut microbiota. We demonstrate the widespread distribution and prevalence of these metalloenzyme families across 5000 human gut microbial genomes. Lastly, we discuss opportunities for metalloenzyme discovery in the human gut microbiota to reveal new chemistry and biology in this important community.