bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Inhibiting Role of Hydrogen in the Steam Reforming of Methanol
Authors: Gac Wojciech , Zawadzki Witold , Greluk Magdalena , Słowik Grzegorz , Machocki Andrzej , Papavasiliou Joan , Avgouropoulos George 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSteam reforming of methanol (SRM) was investigated over palladium zinc oxide catalyst modified with chromium, copper supported on alumina modified manganese oxide and commercial copper catalyst supported on zinc oxide modified with alumina. These catalysts showed high activity and selectivity towards hydrogen and carbon dioxide at low reaction temperatures. Temperature‐programmed desorption, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopy and catalytic performance studies, indicated that the presence of hydrogen in the gas stream influenced the course of SRM reaction. Such effects were related to hydrogen concentration over the catalysts, the reaction temperature and also the type of catalyst. Semi‐kinetic catalytic studies evidenced that an increase in hydrogen concentration in gas stream led to the decrease of methanol conversion at low‐reaction temperatures and decrease of selectivity to CO2 at high reaction temperatures. It was pointed out that strong interactions of hydrogen with the surface of catalysts may retard transformation of surface species into the SRM products.
Organic Additives for the Enhancement of Laminar Flow in a Brain‐Vessels‐Like Microchannel Assembly
Authors: Ling Fiona W. M. , Heidarinik Somaye , Abdulbari Hayder A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganic polymers were extracted from okra, aloe vera, and hibiscus leaves and used as drag‐reducing additives (DRAs) to enhance the laminar flow in custom‐made microchannels that simulate the human brain vessels. The experiment was conducted using an open‐loop microfluidic system. The flow enhancement performance was evaluated as the function of percentage of flow increment of mucilage additives at different concentrations. Okra mucilage showed greater flow enhancement performance at higher mucilage concentration while both aloe vera and hibiscus mucilage performed better at lower additive concentration. The findings prove the potential of these organic polymers as DRAs to enhance the blood flow.
Simulation of Crude Palm Oil Dilution in a Palm Oil Mill Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Mohammad Fauzi Ahmad Hafiidz , Saifuddin Md Nabil Ab Adzim , Kasim Farizul Hafiz , Abu Bakar Muhamad Husaini , Zakaria Zaki Yamani , Abu Bakar Mohamad Zailani 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was applied to simulate the dilution of undiluted crude oil (UCO) in a dilution tank of a palm oil mill. Fluid flow and mixing characteristics were examined. Considering the mixing behavior, the mixing of dilution water and UCO occurred as soon as these fluids entered the dilution tank, and the oil mass fraction in the mixture decreased gradually towards the outlet of the tank. Meanwhile, the velocity of dilution water and UCO declined as the fluids moved from their respective inlets. The intensity of turbulence flow remained until near the tank outlet. For the parametric study, the oil mass fraction of diluted crude oil (DCO) increased with higher UCO flow rate and oil mass fraction in the UCO but declined with higher dilution water flow rate.
Enzyme Promiscuity as a Remedy for the Common Problems with Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Koszelewski Dominik , Ostaszewski Ryszard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new protocol based on lipase‐catalyzed tandem reaction toward α,β‐enones/enoesters is presented. For the synthesis of the desired products the tandem process based on enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis and Knoevenagel reaction starting from enol acetates and aldehyde is developed. The relevant impact of the reaction conditions including organic solvent, enzyme type, and temperature on the course of the reaction was revealed. It was shown that controllable release of the active methylene compound from the corresponding enol carboxylate ensured by enzymatic reaction diminishes significantly the formation of the unwanted co‐products. Furthermore, this protocol was extended by including a second tandem chemoenzymatic transformation engaging various aldehyde precursors. After a careful optimization of the reaction conditions, the target products were obtained with yields up to 86 % and with excellentE/Z‐selectivity.
Efficient racemization of N‐phenylacetyl‐D‐glufosinate for L‐glufosinate production
Authors: Xu Jian‐Miao , Li Fang‐Long , Xue Ya‐Ping , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost amino acids contain chiral centres and exist as both D‐enantiomer and L‐enantiomer. The optically pure enantiomer is often more valuable than the racemate. Enzymatic resolution provides an effective strategy to obtain optically pure amino acids but often results in large amounts of unwanted isomer. In this study, optically pure L‐glufosinate (L‐PPT) was obtained by coupling amidase‐mediated hydrolysis of N‐phenylacetyl‐D,L‐glufosinate with racemization of N‐phenylacetyl‐D‐glufosinate (NPDG), which exclusively exhibits effective herbicidal properties compared with its D‐enantiomer. To improve the yield of L‐PPT, the racemization reaction conditions were optimized, and through single‐factor experiments, the optimal reaction temperature, reaction time, and mole ratio of phenylacetic acid to NPDG were determined to be 150°C, 30 minutes, and 1.5, respectively. The response surface methodology was applied to further optimize the racemization conditions, and the final yield of L‐PPT reached 96.13% with optimum reaction temperature of 154°C, reaction time of 23 minutes, and phenylacetic acid/NPDG mole ratio of 1.7, respectively. Moreover, adding a small amount of acetic anhydride further raised the yield of L‐PPT to 97.02%.
Implementing Big Data Analytics in Small Firms: A Situated Human Practice Approach
Authors: Gurău Călin , Ranchhod Ashok 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study identifies and addresses an important gap in the nascent literature on big data analytics, using a longitudinal case study to investigate the implementation and application of big data analytics into a small firm specialized in transport logistics. Our research is rooted in Practice Theory, considering the implementation of new technologies in organizations as a result of multiple social negotiations, interpretations, and interactions. Our findings indicate the importance and centrality of human factors in decision‐making and operational implementation, technology representing only a means to a clearly specified and collectively assumed objective. Big data analytics adoption and use in the case‐study firm represents a gradual process, with each stage justified by the need to solve the problems caused by heavy and unpredictable road traffic. This approach validates the entrepreneurial effectuation model, which defines a firm's strategy as a fragmented but continuous effort to find and implement effective solutions to the market challenges encountered.
Plasma proteome plus site‐specific N‐glycoprofiling for hepatobiliary carcinomas
Authors: Chang Ting‐Tsung , Cheng Ji‐Hong , Tsai Hung‐Wen , Young Kung‐Chia , Hsieh Sun‐Yuan , Ho Cheng‐Hsun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHepatobiliary cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Appropriate markers for early diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and prediction of postsurgical outcome are still lacking. As the majority of circulating N‐glycoproteins are originated from the hepatobiliary system, we sought to explore new markers by assessing the dynamics of N‐glycoproteome in plasma samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or combined HCC and CCA (cHCC‐CCA). Using a mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomic approach, we found that 57 of 5358 identified plasma proteins were differentially expressed in hepatobiliary cancers. The levels of four essential proteins, including complement C3 and apolipoprotein C‐III in HCC, galectin‐3‐binding protein in CCA, and 72 kDa inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatase in cHCC‐CCA, were highly correlated with tumor stage, tumor grade, recurrence‐free survival, and overall survival. Postproteomic site‐specific N‐glycan analyses showed that human complement C3 bears high‐mannose and hybrid glycoforms rather than complex glycoforms at Asn85. The abundance of complement C3 with mannose‐5 or mannose‐6 glycoform at Asn85 was associated with HCC tumor grade. Furthermore, stepwise Cox regression analyses revealed that HCC patients with a hybrid glycoform at Asn85 of complement C3 had a lower postsurgery tumor recurrence rate or mortality rate than those with a low amount of complement C3 protein. In conclusion, our data show that particular plasma N‐glycoproteins with specific N‐glycan compositions could be potential noninvasive markers to evaluate oncological status and prognosis of hepatobiliary cancers.
An emulation model in critical thinking used to develop learning outcomes in inter professional practice
Authors: Leary Kecia S. , Marchini Leonardo , Hartshorn Jennifer , Johnsen David C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional practice (IPP) are essential for the comprehensive care of patients. A goal of this paper is to articulate learning outcomes likely to improve patient outcomes. Yet learning outcomes in IPE are “systematically lacking” in consistency.ObjectiveAn approach offered here and the main purpose of this paper is to develop and implement an IPE learning outcome by applying emulation concepts from the education literature. In dental situations, emulation has been used to derive the thought process of the expert succinctly enough for the novice to apply to the next patient.MethodsThe expert's thought process thus becomes the learning outcome, the learning guide, and the assessment instrument. In IPE/IPP, several experts make up the team. The resulting learning outcome is the collection of key questions from respective health care team members. Team members are primary care, pharmacy, nursing, social work, nutrition, and dentistry. The resulting list of questions has not been reported and was applied to patient planning in a geriatric/special needs clinic.ResultsStudents were more likely to apply questions from disciplines that were preceded by didactic instruction—primary care, pharmacy, nutrition, and dentistry—and less likely to apply questions from nursing and social work.ConclusionsAlthough still in the early stages, the model is viable to guide learning and assess performance to a level of grasping the concept. The exercise is student led. For the practitioner, the learning outcome becomes the performance outcome. Further model development is ongoing with limited models for comparison.
Disturbance history mediates climate change effects on subtropical forest biomass and dynamics
Authors: Souza Alexandre F. , Longhi Solon Jonas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe responses of forest communities to interacting anthropogenic disturbances like climate change and logging are poorly known. Subtropical forests have been heavily modified by humans and their response to climate change is poorly understood. We investigated the 9‐year change observed in a mixed conifer‐hardwood Atlantic forest mosaic that included both mature and selectively logged forest patches in subtropical South America. We used demographic monitoring data within 10 1 ha plots that were subjected to distinct management histories (plots logged until 1955, until 1987, and unlogged) to test the hypothesis that climate change affected forest structure and dynamics differentially depending on past disturbances. We determined the functional group of all species based on life‐history affinities as well as many functional traits like leaf size, specific leaf area, wood density, total height, stem slenderness, and seed size data for the 66 most abundant species. Analysis of climate data revealed that minimum temperatures and rainfall have been increasing in the last few decades of the 20th century. Floristic composition differed mainly with logging history categories, with only minor change over the nine annual census intervals. Aboveground biomass increased in all plots, but increases were higher in mature unlogged forests, which showed signs of forest growth associated with increased CO2, temperature, and rainfall/treefall gap disturbance at the same time. Logged forests showed arrested succession as indicated by reduced abundances of Pioneers and biomass‐accumulators like Large Seeded Pioneers and Araucaria, as well as reduced functional diversity. Management actions aimed at creating regeneration opportunities for long‐lived pioneers are needed to restore community functional diversity, and ecosystem services such as increased aboveground biomass accumulation. We conclude that the effects of climate drivers on the dynamics of Brazilian mixed Atlantic forests vary with land‐use legacies, and can differ importantly from the ones prevalent in better known tropical forests.
Comparison of fast pyrolysis bio‐oils from straw and miscanthus
Authors: Conrad Stefan , Blajin Cristina , Schulzke Tim , Deerberg Goerge 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFast pyrolysis is one of the most promising conversion processes for producing advanced biofuels, which can be used as substitute for fuel oils or chemicals. This article investigates the fast pyrolysis of two common types of biomass: a mixture of wheat/barley straw as typical agriculture residue and miscanthus as fast‐growing energy plant. All experiments were performed using an ablative hot surface reactor. It was observed that the product yields using wheat/barley straw and miscanthus are almost similar on mass basis. Noteworthy were the higher share on reaction water and a lower content of organics in the wheat/barley straw based pyrolysis bio‐oil. As a result of the high total water content (about 48 wt%), the bio‐oil separated into two phases: an upper aqueous phase and a bottom tarry phase. The amount of water‐soluble organic compounds contained in the aqueous phase of bio‐oil derived from miscanthus pyrolysis can be attributed to the higher amount of hemicellulose present in miscanthus compared to straw. The phase separation by decantation is not an efficient method to reduce the water content and total acid number because a part of valuable components will be lost to the aqueous phase.SignificanceThe production of bio‐oils through fast pyrolysis technologies (mainly small scale and fluidized bed reactor systems) is widely described in literature. Therefore, the main objective of this work lies in the comparison of yield and quality of bio‐oils from different biomasses (straw as example for agricultural residues and miscanthus representing dedicated energy crops) in the same ablative hot surface reactor with a capacity of about 5 kg/hr.
Comparison of electrocoagulation and photocatalytic process for treatment of industrial dyeing wastewater: Energy consumption analysis
Authors: Ghaffarian Khorram Atousa , Fallah Narges 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral processes have been used for dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from wastewater. Comparision of these methods are important in terms of efficiency and energy consumption. In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrocoagulation (EC) are the best methods for industrial dyeing wastewater treatment. In this study, comparision of energy consumption related to EC and photocatalytic process has been investigated. Effect of operational parameters on efficieny of both methods were studied. Effective parameters in EC treatment were initial pH, current density and distance between electrodes. In the photocatalytic process initial pH, photocatalyst concentration and aeration are effective parameters. Decolorization, COD removal, and energy consumption are as responses. Under the optimum conditions, decolorization and COD removal for EC and photocatalytic process were 85.57 and 34.48%, and 81.39 and 67%, respectively. Considering the same time for both methods, decolorization was the same, but COD removal was higher in photocatalytic processs. Energy consumption of EC process (<0.01 kWh/m3.order of pollutant removal) was very lower than photocatalytic process (>100 kWh/m3.order of pollutant removal). Since the wastewater treatment process must be economic, EC process was chosen. Another method such as photocatalytic processs must be selected due to improve the output.
Elimination of coal and gas outburst risk of low‐permeability coal seam using high‐pressure water jet slotting technology: A case study in Shihuatian Coal Mine in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Jun Xie , Yunpei Liang , Quanle Zou , Lei Li , Xuelong Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCoal seams in China are mainly characterizsed by low permeability and high risk of coal and gas outburst. Therefore, the elimination of coal and gas outburst risk of low‐permeability coal seam remains a hard challenge. Taking Shihuatian Coal Mine in Guizhou Province, China as an example, boreholes were slotted using high‐pressure water jet to relieve the gas pressure inside the coal seam and increase the permeability of coal mass, which thus improves the gas drainage efficiency and eliminate the outburst risk. The results show that the gas drainage efficiency of the slotted boreholes significantly increases. Compared with the conventional boreholes, the average gas concentration and flow velocity improved by 1.6 and 7.5 times, respectively. Moreover, the prediction index of outburst risk is less than the critical value after high‐pressure water jet slotting, which indicate that the coal and gas outburst risk has been effectively eliminated. The measured values of gas desorption index of drilling cuttings are all lower than the critical value after the application of the high‐pressure water jet slotting technology. The research achievements could provide a practical reference for the effective gas disaster prevention and control in low‐permeability coal seams.
Prior CSIT estimation for FDD massive MIMO system with 1‐bit feedback per dimension
Authors: Zhang Ruoyu , Zhang Jiayan , Gao Yulong , Zhao Honglin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn massive multiple‐input–multiple‐output system, the accurate channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is required to achieve the high beamforming gain and spectral efficiency. To reduce the feedback overhead for CSIT acquisition in frequency division duplex system, a prior CSIT estimation with 1‐bit feedback per dimension is proposed to alleviate the overhead burden. Specifically, by exploiting the slow variation of channel support between the consecutive frames, the channel support in the previous frame is regarded as the prior information for CSIT estimation of current frame. Then, the received compressed channel measurements at the user side are quantized to 1 bit per measurement and only the sign information is fed back to the base station (BS). At the BS side, the CSIT recovery from the 1‐bit channel feedback information is formulated as a 1‐bit sparse complex‐value signal recovery problem with prior information. Finally, a prior support complex binary iterative hard thresholding algorithm is proposed to perform the CSIT estimation at the BS side. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce both the pilot and feedback overhead for CSIT estimation.
Concomitant and noncanonical JAK2 and MPL mutations in JAK2V617F‐ and MPLW515 L‐positive myelofibrosis
Authors: Schulze Susann , Stengel Rayk , Jaekel Nadja , Wang Song‐Yau , Franke Georg–Nikolaus , Roskos Martin , Schneider Melanie , Niederwieser Dietger , Al‐Ali Haifa Kathrin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSequential genotyping for phenotype‐driver mutations in JAK2 (exon 14), CALR (exon 9), and MPL (exon 10) is recommended in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Yet, atypical JAK2‐ and MPL‐mutations were described in some triple‐negative patients. Whether noncanonical and/or concomitant JAK2‐ and MPL‐mutations exist in myelofibrosis (MF) regardless of phenotype‐driver mutations is not yet elucidated. For this, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using blood genomic DNA from 128 MF patients (primary MF, n = 93; post‐ET–MF, n = 18; post‐PV–MF, n = 17). While no atypical JAK2‐ or MPL‐mutations were seen in 24 CALR‐positive samples, two JAK2‐mutations [c.3323A > G, p.N1108S; c.3188G > A, p.R1063H] were detected in two of the 21 (9.5%) triple‐negative patients. Twelve of the 82 (14.6%) JAK2V617F‐positive cases had coexisting germline JAK2‐mutations [JAK2R1063H, n = 6; JAK2R893T, n = 1; JAK2T525A, n = 1] or at least one somatic MPL‐mutation [MPLY591D, n = 3; MPLW515 L, n = 2; MPLE335K, n = 1]. Overall, MPL‐mutations always coexisted with JAK2V617F and/or other MPL‐mutations. None of the JAK2V617F plus a second JAK2‐mutation carried a TET2‐mutation but all patients with JAK2V617F plus an MPL‐mutation harbored a somatic TET2‐mutation. Four genomic clusters could be identified in the JAK2V617F‐positive cohort. Cluster‐I (10%) (noncanonical JAK2mutated (mut) + TET2wildtype (wt)) were younger and had less proliferative disease compared with cluster‐IV (5%) (TET2mut + MPLmut). In conclusion, recurrent concomitant classical and/or noncanonical JAK2‐ and MPL‐mutations could be detected by NGS in 15.7% of JAK2V617F‐ and MPLW515‐positive MF patients with genotype‐phenotype associations. Many of the germline and/or somatic mutations might act as “Significantly Mutated Genes” contributing to the pathogenesis and phenotypic heterogeneity. A cost‐effective NGS‐based approach might be an important step towards patient‐tailored medicine.
New Approach for Securing and Dating Valuable Printed Documents
Authors: Basta Altaf H. , El‐Saied Houssni , Salim Ahmad S. , Mohamed Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis work deals with using a novel approach for securing and dating printed documents, which will detect any forging crime present. In this respect, the coded dots matrices (machine identification code (MIC)) for the used printers are extracted via a binary system of base 2 (0, 1). The UV ink used in the printing process is prepared from novel fluorescence compounds together with polyvinyl alcohol. Different Xerox models of color laser printers are used for printing the document designs. The data obtained reveal that the investigated approach is succeeded in specifying the date of the printing process together with translating the embedded data of the printer to visible information, which can be tracked under a UV lamp. This innovative approach will assist workers in examining the questioned document by specifying the authorized date and position of printed documents from the MIC.