bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakened Magnetization and Onset of Large-scale Turbulence in the Young Solar Wind—Comparisons of Remote Sensing Observations with Simulation
Authors: Chhiber Rohit , Usmanov Arcadi V. , DeForest Craig E. , Matthaeus William H. , Parashar Tulasi N. , Goldstein Melvyn L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Recent analysis of Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) imaging observations have described the early stages of the development of turbulence in the young solar wind in solar minimum conditions. Here we extend this analysis to a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the corona and solar wind based on inner boundary conditions, either dipole or magnetogram type, that emulate solar minimum. The simulations have been calibrated using Ulysses and 1 au observations, and allow, within a well-understood context, a precise determination of the location of the Alfvén critical surfaces and the first plasma beta equals unity surfaces. The compatibility of the the STEREO observations and the simulations is revealed by direct comparisons. Computation of the radial evolution of second-order magnetic field structure functions in the simulations indicates a shift toward more isotropic conditions at scales of a few Gm, as seen in the STEREO observations in the range 40–60 R
⊙. We affirm that the isotropization occurs in the vicinity of the first beta unity surface. The interpretation based on early stages of in situ solar wind turbulence evolution is further elaborated, emphasizing the relationship of the observed length scales to the much smaller scales that eventually become the familiar turbulence inertial range cascade. We argue that the observed dynamics is the very early manifestation of large-scale in situ nonlinear couplings that drive turbulence and heating in the solar wind.
Hesperidin Attenuates Influenza a virus (H1N1) Induced Lung Injury in Rats through its Anti-Inflammatory Effect
Authors: Ding Zhen , Sun Gengyun , Zhu Zhongming 
Published: April 2018

Background Influenza A viruses (IAV) can cause pandemics and are big threats to human health. Inflammation is the main pathological process in the lungs after IAV infection. We aimed to investigate whether hesperidin, a well-known anti-inflammatory compound, could be effective in improving IAV-induced lung injury. Methods We generated a rat model using H1N1 virus infection, and intraperitoneally injected different doses of hesperidin for 5 days. Pulmonary function was analysed. Local inflammatory state was profiled by immune cells and cytokines. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from rats and used to test the effects of hesperidin in vitro. Results Hesperidin showed efficacy in improving H1N1-induced impairment of pulmonary function in a dose-dependent manner. Local numbers of immune cells and concentrations of cytokines were significantly limited by hesperidin. However, we found that hesperidin neither inhibited virus replication, nor rescued infected pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Rather, we observed that hesperidin reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. Conclusions Hesperidin could alleviate H1N1-induced impairment of pulmonary function by inhibiting cytokine production in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells through MAPK signalling pathways.
Clinique de l’exil : de la nostalgie du migrant
Authors: Barry Aboubacar 
Published: April 2018

Ce texte rend compte du travail psychique que devait effectuer le migrant africain qui se retrouvait en Europe dans les années 1980. Une attention portée à sa décision de partir de chez lui montre que le sentiment d’étrangeté avait généralement précédé l’exil. En général, ceux qui arrivent à bien s’intégrer – voire à s’assimiler – à la culture du pays d’accueil se sentaient, depuis l’enfance, exclus des parties communes des espaces de la mémoire dans leur culture d’origine.
L’Accord de partenariat économique entre l’Union européenne et l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Leçons d’une négociation
Authors: Koné Salif 
Published: April 2018

Lancée officiellement le 6 octobre 2003, la négociation APE Union Européenne et Afrique de l’Ouest n’a abouti à un accord qu’en janvier 2014. Déjà conclu, déjà contesté par la société civile, partie prenante, l’accord APE UE-AO n’est pas encore signé par le Nigeria, poids lourd de la région. Sa mise en œuvre est donc menacée si l’on tient compte en plus du processus de l’intégration régionale ouest-africaine. Cet article cherche à expliquer la longue durée de la négociation APE UE-AO, mais surtout les difficultés de la mise en œuvre de l’accord auquel il a abouti. Cet article conclut à l’importance du contexte de négociation et à l’approche adoptée. Il tire également plusieurs leçons des analyses menées.
Application de l’analyse en composantes principales à la prédiction des faillites chez les PME belges ?
Authors: Cultrera Loredana , Croquet Mélanie , Jospin Jérémy 
Published: April 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’établir, au moyen d’une méthodologie novatrice, un modèle de prédiction de la faillite applicable aux PME belges. En se basant sur un échantillon de 1860 entreprises belges issues du logiciel Belfirst et fournies par le Bureau van Dijk, nos principaux résultats montrent, au moyen des méthodes d’analyse en composantes principales, de Ward et des centres mobiles, qu’une correcte discrimination entre les entreprises défaillantes et les entreprises non-défaillantes n’était pas réalisable pour notre échantillon. Par contre, nos résultats concernant la régression logistique montrent que les variables employées possèdent effectivement un pouvoir discriminant significativement fort, permettant de prédire la faillite d’une entreprise.
Effet d’une mauvaise qualité de service sur le comportement déviant des usagers : le cas du secteur hospitalier
Authors: Dargachi Safa , Ben Lallouna Hafsia Hajer 
Published: April 2018

Le comportement déviant des consommateurs devient un phénomène préoccupant pour plusieurs organisations. Cependant, très peu de recherches ont essayé de l’expliquer. L’objectif de cette recherche consiste à déterminer l’effet d’une mauvaise qualité de service sur le comportement déviant des patients dans le secteur hospitalier. Se basant sur une étude quantitative auprès de 259 patients des hôpitaux, les résultats ont montré qu’une mauvaise qualité de service dans les dimensions : environnementale, technique et interpersonnelle avait un effet négatif sur le consommateur causant un comportement déviant. Cela dit, la mauvaise qualité de service sur le plan administratif ne semble pas exercer d’effets sur le comportement déviant.
Les senteurs d’ambiance comme marqueur des expériences de fréquentation d’un point de vente : une approche par la valeur
Authors: Daghrir Rabiaa , Frikha Azza 
Published: April 2018

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du marketing sensoriel et expérientiel. Elle tend à clarifier le rôle de l’empreinte olfactive d’une enseigne dans la création d’une expérience de fréquentation d’un point de vente et les évaluations de cette expérience à travers le concept de la valeur. Les résultats d’une expérimentation menée dans un terrain réel auprès de 475 clients ont montré qu’une signature olfactive influence positivement la valeur perçue des expériences de fréquentation et ce, via les émotions ressenties dans le point de vente.
Travailler à l’articulation soins premiers et second recours : Pourquoi, Comment ?
Authors: Bourgueil Yann , Kanhonou Nicolas 
Published: April 2018

Analyser collectivement le fonctionnement des relations médecine générale – médecine spécialisée : une méthode participative à partir de l’analyse et de la discussion de cas types. L’objet de cet article, principalement méthodologique, est de présenter le contexte, les objectifs, la méthode adoptée et les résultats de travaux menés dans le cadre d’un groupe de travail initié par le Haut conseil pour l’avenir de l’assurance maladie (HCAAM) pour analyser les fonctionnements des relations médecins de second recours et médecins de premier recours. Ces travaux ont nourri plusieurs notes du Haut conseil visant à proposer des pistes pour orienter l’action publique 1 .
Alcool : la culture ou la santé
Authors: Basset Bernard 
Published: April 2018

Alors que les dommages sanitaires et sociaux de la consommation d’alcool dans notre pays sont parfaitement établis et considérables, aucune politique cohérente et efficace ne peut être mise en œuvre. En effet, les groupes d’intérêts liés au secteur économique de l’alcool sont non seulement puissants, mais ils ont réussi à placer le débat sur le champ de la défense de la culture, relativisant ainsi les risques et les dommages. Les moyens d’une politique efficace sont connus. Tout l’enjeu pour les acteurs de santé publique est de revenir à la question qui se pose vraiment : comment replacer au premier rang les enjeux de santé publique ?
Le remboursement des frais dentaires
Authors: Yeni Isabelle , Eslous Laurence , Delavelle Frédérique Simon , Nizri Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Bien que les soins dentaires soient des soins médicaux, leur prise en charge par la sécurité sociale reste à l’écart des principes de cette dernière. Les patients financent 63 % de la dépense totale de soins dentaires à travers ce qui reste à leur charge ou leur cotisation à une complémentaire. Ils en sont les premiers financeurs. Du fait du renoncement aux soins, dû notamment aux dépassements d’honoraires perçus par les chirurgiens-dentistes, cette charge réagit sur l’état de santé bucco-dentaire. Ces conditions de prise en charge, sont antiredistributives et favorisent les inégalités territoriales et sociales. Elles sont en outre inefficaces au regard de la santé publique puisque l’état de santé bucco-dentaire en France est considéré comme médiocre. Tous les acteurs à l’exception des patients, ont laissé s’installer cette situation. Ainsi, serait-il souhaitable que les soins bucco-dentaires bénéficient, comme tous les soins médicaux, à nouveau du régime de droit commun de la protection sociale contre le risque maladie pour qu’un meilleur état de santé bucco-dentaire de la population puisse concourir à l’amélioration de l’état de santé général.
A Model to align the organizational culture to Lean
Authors: Taherimashhadi Mehrsa , Ribas Imma 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: Since the emergence of Lean Manufacturing many organizations strived to implement it. Nonetheless, sustainable Lean transformation is not as easy as to be simply achieved. Several aspects need to be taken into account before Lean implementation which national and organizational culture are important. By considering influences of national culture on the organizational culture, this paper aims at proposing an evaluation model to determine the cultural weaknesses of an organization and give some recommendations to manage people before implementing Lean.Design/methodology/approach: This research has been conducted based on literature review survey and semi-structured interviews. Research papers, conference proceedings, books, and official websites regarding Lean philosophy were reviewed to find the influence of national culture in Lean implementation. Different databases were scrutinized, from 2015 to 2017, containing Scopus and Web of Science with the time period of 1996-2016. A set of key terms and their combinations were used including: Toyota Production system, Lean production, Lean manufacturing, Lean management, Transformation, Implementation, Barriers/ Impediments/Challenges/Difficulties, Human resources, Success factors, Organizational culture, and National culture.Findings: The proposed evaluation model is a guide for organizations to determine cultural misalignments between the corporate culture and the Lean culture before its implementation and gives some managerial recommendations to correct them.Originality/value: This study is the first attempt to integrate the national models with Lean culture to provide an evaluation model and some recommendations to help the organization to align its culture to Lean culture before its implementation.
Granulocytes Are Unresponsive to IL-6 Due to an Absence of gp130
Authors: Wilkinson Andrew N. , Gartlan Kate H. , Kelly Greg , Samson Luke D. , Olver Stuart D. , Avery Judy , Zomerdijk Nienke , Tey Siok-Keen , Lee Jason S. , Vuckovic Slavica , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
IL-6 mediates broad physiological and pathological effects through its receptor signal transducing unit gp130. Due to the reportedly wide cellular expression of gp130, IL-6 is thought to signal ubiquitously via gp130 complex formation with membrane-bound IL-6Rα or soluble IL-6Rα. gp130 signaling primarily induces p-STAT3 and p-STAT1. In contrast to the previous dogma, we show in this article that circulating mouse and human granulocytes are unable to induce p-STAT3 or p-STAT1 after stimulation with IL-6 or an IL-6/soluble IL-6R complex. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this is due to a lack of gp130 expression on mouse and human granulocytes, despite their expression of membrane-bound IL-6R. Importantly, the absence of gp130 is not only a feature of mature granulocytes in healthy individuals, it is also observed after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, granulocyte gp130 expression is lost during maturation, because granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells express gp130 and respond to IL-6. Given that granulocytes constitute 50–70% of circulating leukocytes, this indicates a significantly smaller scope of IL-6 signaling than previously anticipated and has important implications for therapeutic IL-6 inhibition and the mechanisms of action thereof.
Human IgG Increases Virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes through Complement Evasion
Authors: Ermert David , Weckel Antonin , Magda Michal , Mörgelin Matthias , Shaughnessy Jutamas , Rice Peter A. , Björck Lars , Ram Sanjay , Blom Anna M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is an exclusively human pathogen that can provoke mild skin and throat infections but can also cause fatal septicemia. This gram-positive bacterium has developed several strategies to evade the human immune system, enabling S. pyogenes to survive in the host. These strategies include recruiting several human plasma proteins, such as the complement inhibitor, C4b-binding protein (C4BP), and human (hu)-IgG through its Fc region to the bacterial surface to evade immune recognition. We identified a novel virulence mechanism whereby IgG-enhanced binding of C4BP to five of 12 tested S. pyogenes strains expressed diverse M proteins that are important surface-expressed virulence factors. Importantly, all strains that bound C4BP in the absence of IgG bound more C4BP when IgG was present. Further studies with an M1 strain that additionally expressed protein H, also a member of the M protein family, revealed that binding of hu-IgG Fc to protein H increased the affinity of protein H for C4BP. Increased C4BP binding accentuated complement downregulation, resulting in diminished bacterial killing. Accordingly, mortality from S. pyogenes infection in hu-C4BP transgenic mice was increased when hu-IgG or its Fc portion alone was administered concomitantly. Electron microscopy analysis of human tissue samples with necrotizing fasciitis confirmed increased C4BP binding to S. pyogenes when IgG was present. Our findings provide evidence of a paradoxical function of hu-IgG bound through Fc to diverse S. pyogenes isolates that increases their virulence and may counteract the beneficial effects of IgG opsonization.
An ion-neutral model to investigate chemical ionization mass spectrometry analysis of atmospheric molecules – application to a mixed reagent ion system for hydroperoxides and organic acids
Authors: Heikes Brian G. , Treadaway Victoria , McNeill Ashley S. , Silwal Indira K. C. , O'Sullivan Daniel W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. An ion-neutral chemical kinetic model is described and used to simulate the negative ion chemistry occurring within a mixed-reagent ion chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). The model objective was the establishment of a theoretical basis to understand ambient pressure (variable sample flow and reagent ion carrier gas flow rates), water vapor, ozone and oxides of nitrogen effects on ion cluster sensitivities for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl peroxide (CH3OOH), formic acid (HFo) and acetic acid (HAc). The model development started with established atmospheric ion chemistry mechanisms, thermodynamic data and reaction rate coefficients. The chemical mechanism was augmented with additional reactions and their reaction rate coefficients specific to the analytes. Some existing reaction rate coefficients were modified to enable the model to match laboratory and field campaign determinations of ion cluster sensitivities as functions of CIMS sample flow rate and ambient humidity. Relative trends in predicted and observed sensitivities are compared as instrument specific factors preclude a direct calculation of instrument sensitivity as a function of sample pressure and humidity. Predicted sensitivity trends and experimental sensitivity trends suggested the model captured the reagent ion and cluster chemistry and reproduced trends in ion cluster sensitivity with sample flow and humidity observed with a CIMS instrument developed for atmospheric peroxide measurements (PCIMSs). The model was further used to investigate the potential for isobaric compounds as interferences in the measurement of the above species. For ambient O3 mixing ratios more than 50 times those of H2O2, O3−(H2O) was predicted to be a significant isobaric interference to the measurement of H2O2 using O2−(H2O2) at m∕z 66. O3 and NO give rise to species and cluster ions, CO3−(H2O) and NO3−(H2O), respectively, which interfere in the measurement of CH3OOH using O2−(CH3OOH) at m∕z 80. The CO3−(H2O) interference assumed one of its O atoms was 18O and present in the cluster in proportion to its natural abundance. The model results indicated monitoring water vapor mixing ratio, m∕z 78 for CO3−(H2O) and m∕z 98 for isotopic CO3−(H2O)2 can be used to determine when CO3−(H2O) interference is significant. Similarly, monitoring water vapor mixing ratio, m∕z 62 for NO3− and m∕z 98 for NO3−(H2O)2 can be used to determine when NO3−(H2O) interference is significant.
Long-term ensemble forecast of snowmelt inflow into the Cheboksary Reservoir under two different weather scenarios
Authors: Gelfan Alexander , Moreydo Vsevolod , Motovilov Yury , Solomatine Dimitri P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A long-term forecasting ensemble methodology, applied to water inflows into
the Cheboksary Reservoir (Russia), is presented. The methodology is based on
a version of the semi-distributed hydrological model ECOMAG (ECOlogical Model for Applied Geophysics) that allows for
the calculation of an ensemble of inflow hydrographs using two different sets of
weather ensembles for the lead time period: observed weather data,
constructed on the basis of the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction methodology
(ESP-based forecast), and synthetic weather data, simulated by a
multi-site weather generator (WG-based forecast). We have studied the following:
(1) whether there is any advantage of the developed ensemble forecasts in
comparison with the currently issued operational forecasts of water inflow
into the Cheboksary Reservoir, and (2) whether there is any noticeable
improvement in probabilistic forecasts when using the WG-simulated ensemble
compared to the ESP-based ensemble. We have found that for a 35-year period
beginning from the reservoir filling in 1982, both continuous and binary
model-based ensemble forecasts (issued in the deterministic form) outperform the operational forecasts of the April–June inflow volume
actually used and, additionally, provide acceptable forecasts of additional water regime
characteristics besides the inflow volume. We have also demonstrated that
the model performance measures (in the verification period) obtained from the
WG-based probabilistic forecasts, which are based on a large number of
possible weather scenarios, appeared to be more statistically reliable than
the corresponding measures calculated from the ESP-based forecasts based on
the observed weather scenarios.
Try Bravery for a Change: Supporting Indigenous Health Training and Development in Canadian Universities
Authors: Richmond Chantelle 
Published: April 2018

The persistence of egregious inequities signals that we are at a critical juncture regarding the health of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. Now is the time to seriously reflect on the relationships between Indigenous realities, public policy, and the role of Indigenous research environments therein. Addressing the complexity of contemporary Indigenous health inequity requires a fundamental reorientation in the ways we conduct and think about research. This commentary explores the transition currently taking place in Indigenous health training and development in Canadian universities, with a focus on Ontario’s Indigenous Mentorship Network. At the heart of the Ontario Network is the Anishinabe philosophy Mno Nimkodadding Geegi (“We Are All Connected”). In our attempts to address Indigenous health inequality in Canada, we take the perspective that the most important answers will come when we take the time to listen to Indigenous communities. This commentary closes with a discussion on bravery. Just as Indigenous scholars push to make space for their scholarship within the university environments, so too must our institutions have the bravery needed to address the structural changes required to foster that success.
Predictable information in neural signals during resting state is reduced in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Brodski‐Guerniero Alla , Naumer Marcus J. , Moliadze Vera , Chan Jason , Althen Heike , Ferreira‐Santos Fernando , Lizier Joseph T. , Schlitt Sabine , Kitzerow Janina , Schütz Magdalena , Langer Anne , Kaiser Jochen , Freitag Christine M. , Wibral Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe neurophysiological underpinnings of the nonsocial symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which include sensory and perceptual atypicalities remain poorly understood. Well‐known accounts of less dominant top–down influences and more dominant bottom–up processes compete to explain these characteristics. These accounts have been recently embedded in the popular framework of predictive coding theory. To differentiate between competing accounts, we studied altered information dynamics in ASD by quantifying predictable information in neural signals. Predictable information in neural signals measures the amount of stored information that is used for the next time step of a neural process. Thus, predictable information limits the (prior) information which might be available for other brain areas, for example, to build predictions for upcoming sensory information. We studied predictable information in neural signals based on resting‐state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of 19 ASD patients and 19 neurotypical controls aged between 14 and 27 years. Using whole‐brain beamformer source analysis, we found reduced predictable information in ASD patients across the whole brain, but in particular in posterior regions of the default mode network. In these regions, epoch‐by‐epoch predictable information was positively correlated with source power in the alpha and beta frequency range as well as autocorrelation decay time. Predictable information in precuneus and cerebellum was negatively associated with nonsocial symptom severity, indicating a relevance of the analysis of predictable information for clinical research in ASD. Our findings are compatible with the assumption that use or precision of prior knowledge is reduced in ASD patients.