bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate of Melt Ascent Beneath Iceland From the Magmatic Response to Deglaciation
Authors: Eksinchol Isarapong , Rudge John F. , Maclennan John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObservations of the time lag between the last deglaciation and a surge in volcanic activity in Iceland constrain the average melt ascent velocity to be ≥50 m/year. Although existing theoretical work has explained why the surge in eruption rates increased 5–30‐fold from the steady‐state rates during the last deglaciation, they cannot account for large variations of Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations in the Icelandic lavas. Lavas erupted during the last deglaciation are depleted in REEs by up to 70%; whereas existing models, which assume instantaneous melt transport, can only produce at most 20% depletion. Here we develop a numerical model with finite melt ascent velocity and show that the variations of REEs are strongly dependent on the melt ascent velocity. When the average melt ascent velocity is 100 m/year, the variation of La calculated by our model is comparable to that of the observations. In contrast, when the melt ascent velocity is 1,000 m/year or above, the model variation of La becomes significantly lower than observed, which explains why previous models with instantaneous melt transport did not reproduce the large variations. We provide the first model that takes account of the diachronous response of volcanism to deglaciation. We show by comparing our model calculations of the relative volumes of different eruption types (subglacial, finiglacial, and postglacial) and the timing of the bursts in volcanic eruptions with the observations across different volcanic zones that the Icelandic average melt ascent velocity during the last deglaciation is likely to be ∼100 m/year.
Domain State and Temperature Dependence of Pressure Remanent Magnetization in Synthetic Magnetite: Implications for Crustal Remagnetization
Authors: Volk Michael W.R. , Feinberg Joshua M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPressure remanent magnetization (PRM) is acquired when a rock is compressed in the presence of a magnetic field. This process can take place in many different environments from impact and ejection processes in space, to burial and subsequent uplifting of terrestrial rocks. In this study, we systematically study the acquisition of PRM at different pressures and temperatures, using synthetic magnetite in four different grain sizes ranging from nearly single‐domain to purely multidomain. The magnitude of the PRM acquired in a 300 μT field is, within error, independent of the domain state of the sample. We propose that the acquisition of a PRM is mainly driven by the magnetostriction of the magnetic material. We further show that compared to a thermal remanent magnetization, the acquisition of PRM in large multidomain grains can be quite efficient, and may represent a significant component of magnetization in low‐temperature–high‐pressure environments.
Marine Mineral Exploration With Controlled Source Electromagnetics at the TAG Hydrothermal Field, 26°N Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Gehrmann R. A. S. , North L. J. , Graber S. , Szitkar F. , Petersen S. , Minshull T. A. , Murton B. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits are of increasing economic interest in order to satisfy the relentless growth in worldwide metal demand. The Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal field at 26°N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge hosts several such deposits. This study presents new controlled source electromagnetic, bathymetric, and magnetic results from the TAG field. Potential SMS targets were selected based on their surface expressions in high‐resolution bathymetric data. High‐resolution reduced‐to‐the‐pole magnetic data show negative anomalies beneath and surrounding the SMS deposits, revealing large areas of hydrothermal alteration. Controlled source electromagnetic data, sensitive to the electrical conductivity of SMS mineralization, further reveal a maximum thickness of up to 80 m and conductivities of up to 5 S/m. SMS samples have conductivities of up to a few thousand Siemens per meter, suggesting that remotely inferred conductivities represent an average of metal sulfide ores combined with silicified and altered host basalt that likely dominates at greater depths.
Evaluation of Regional‐Scale Soil Moisture‐Surface Flux Dynamics in Earth System Models Based on Satellite Observations of Land Surface Temperature
Authors: Gallego‐Elvira Belen , Taylor Christopher M. , Harris Phil P. , Ghent Darren 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of high‐quality global observations to evaluate soil drying impacts on surface fluxes in Earth system models (ESMs). Here we use a novel diagnostic based on the observed warming of the land relative to the atmosphere during dry spells (relative warming rate, RWR) to assess ESMs. The ESMs show that RWR is well correlated with changes in the partition of surface energy between sensible and latent heat across dry spells. Therefore, comparisons between observed and simulated RWR reveal where models are unable to capture a realistic soil moisture‐heat flux relationship. The results show that in general, models simulate dry spell ET dynamics well in arid zones while decreases in evaporative fraction appear excessive in some models in continental climate zones. Our approach can help guide land model development in aspects that are key in simulating extreme events like heat waves.
Manganese influx and expression of ZIP8 is essential in primary myoblasts and contributes to activation of SOD2
Authors: Gordon Shellaina J V , Fenker Daniel E , Vest Katherine E , Padilla-Benavides Teresita 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTrace elements such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) function as enzyme cofactors and second messengers in cell signaling. Trace elements are emerging as key regulators of differentiation and development of mammalian tissues including blood, brain, and skeletal muscle. We previously reported an influx of Cu and dynamic expression of metal transporters during differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. Here, we demonstrate that during differentiation of skeletal myoblasts an increase of Mn, Fe and Zn also occurs. Interestingly the Mn increase is concomitant with increased Mn-dependent SOD2 levels. To better understand the Mn import pathway in skeletal muscle cells, we probed the functional relevance of the closely related proteins ZIP8 and ZIP14, which are implicated in Zn, Mn, and Fe transport. Partial depletion of ZIP8 severely impaired growth of myoblasts and led to cell death under differentiation conditions, indicating that ZIP8-mediated metal transport is essential in skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, knockdown of Zip8 impaired activity of the Mn-dependent SOD2. Growth defects were partially rescued only by Mn supplementation to the medium, suggesting additional functions for ZIP8 in the skeletal muscle lineage. Restoring wild type Zip8 into the knockdown cells rescued the proliferation and differentiation phenotypes. On the other hand, knockdown of Zip14, had only a mild effect on myotube size, consistent with a role for ZIP14 in muscle hypertrophy. Simultaneous knockdown of both Zip8 and Zip14 further impaired differentiation and led cell death. This is the first report on the functional relevance of two members of the ZIP family of metal transporters in the skeletal muscle lineage, and further supports the paradigm that trace metal transporters are important modulators of mammalian tissue development.
Fabrication of an antibiotic-sensitive 2D-molecularly imprinted photonic crystal
Authors: Wang Yi-fei , Fan Jing , Meng Zi-hui , Xue Min , Qiu Li-li 
Published: May 2019

A 2D-molecularly imprinted colloidal array was fabricated for the visual detection of clindamycin hydrochloride and the LOD is 0.01 mM.
The Influence of Treatment on Children's Recovery From Stuttering: Comments on Kefalianos et al. (2017) and Leech et al. (2017)
Authors: Marcotte Anne K. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Two studies published recently in this journal sought to expand on previous attempts to explain and predict young children's recovery from stuttering. This letter addresses the influence of treatment on such research.

Conclusions

Recent publications from
Kefalianos et al. (2017)
and
Leech, Bernstein Ratner, Brown, and Weber (2017)
added to previous information that gender and language ability (or language growth) may be related to children's recovery from stuttering. The conclusions from both studies are difficult to interpret, however, because neither incorporated two factors known to influence children's recovery: a family history of recovery and, especially, the type and timing of treatment. Consideration of these two articles therefore raises multiple empirical, theoretical, and clinical issues that deserve to be fully addressed if our discipline is seeking to understand and to maximize recovery for young children who stutter.
The bimodal [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] bulge sequence as revealed by APOGEE DR14
Authors: Rojas-Arriagada A. , Zoccali M. , Schultheis M. , Recio-Blanco A. , Zasowski G. , Minniti D. , Jönsson H. , Cohen R. E. 
Published: May 2019

Context. The Galactic bulge has a bimodal metallicity distribution function: different kinematic, spatial, and, potentially, age distributions characterize the metal-poor and metal-rich components. Despite this observed dichotomy, which argues for different formation channels for those stars, the distribution of bulge stars in the α-abundance versus metallicity plane has been found so far to be a rather smooth single sequence.
Aims. We use data from the fourteenth data release of the APOGEE spectroscopic survey (DR14) to investigate the distribution in the Mg abundance (as tracer of the α-elements)-versus-metallicity plane of a sample of stars selected to be in the inner region of the bulge.
Methods. A clean sample has been selected from the DR14 using a set of data- and pipeline-flags to ensure the quality of their fundamental parameters and elemental abundances. An additional selection made use of computed spectro-photometric distances to select a sample of likely bulge stars as those with RGC ≤ 3.5 kpc. We adopt magnesium abundance as an α-abundance proxy for our clean sample as it has been proven to be the most accurate α-element as determined by ASPCAP, the pipeline for data products from APOGEE spectra.
Results. From the distribution of our bulge sample in the [Mg/Fe]-versus-[Fe/H] plane, we found that the sequence is bimodal. This bimodality is given by the presence of a low-Mg sequence of stars parallel to the main high-Mg sequence over a range of ∼0.5 dex around solar metallicity. The two sequences merge above [Fe/H] ∼ 0.15 dex into a single sequence whose dispersion in [Mg/Fe] is larger than either of the two sequences visible at lower metallicity. This result is confirmed when we consider stars in our sample that are inside the bulge region according to trustworthy Gaia DR2 distances.
Intermediate shock sub-structures within a slow-mode shock occurring in partially ionised plasma
Authors: Snow B. , Hillier A. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Slow-mode shocks are important in understanding fast magnetic reconnection, jet formation and heating in the solar atmosphere, and other astrophysical systems. The atmospheric conditions in the solar chromosphere allow both ionised and neutral particles to exist and interact. Under such conditions, fine sub-structures exist within slow-mode shocks due to the decoupling and recoupling of the plasma and neutral species.
Aims. We study numerically the fine sub-structure within slow-mode shocks in a partially ionised plasma, in particular, analysing the formation of an intermediate transition within the slow-mode shock.
Methods. High-resolution 1D numerical simulations were performed using the (PIP) code using a two-fluid approach.
Results. We discover that long-lived intermediate (Alfvén) shocks can form within the slow-mode shock, where there is a shock transition from above to below the Alfvén speed and a reversal of the magnetic field across the shock front. The collisional coupling provides frictional heating to the neutral fluid, resulting in a Sedov-Taylor-like expansion with overshoots in the neutral velocity and neutral density. The increase in density results in a decrease of the Alfvén speed and with this the plasma inflow is accelerated to above the Alfvén speed within the finite width of the shock leading to the intermediate transition. This process occurs for a wide range of physical parameters and an intermediate shock is present for all investigated values of plasma-β, neutral fraction, and magnetic angle. As time advances the magnitude of the magnetic field reversal decreases since the neutral pressure cannot balance the Lorentz force. The intermediate shock is long-lived enough to be considered a physical structure, independent of the initial conditions.
Conclusions. Intermediate shocks are a physical feature that can exist as shock sub-structure for long periods of time in partially ionised plasma due to collisional coupling between species.
Salvage endoscopic resection in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Noordzij Irma C. , Curvers Wouter L. , Huysentruyt Clément J. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A.P. , Creemers Geert-Jan , van der Sangen Maurice J.C. , Schoon Erik J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims For early esophageal adenocarcinoma, endoscopic resection is an accepted curative treatment with an excellent long-term prognosis. Case series from Japan have reported endoscopic resection of residual esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy. This is the first report describing endoscopic resection of residual esophageal adenocarcinoma after chemoradiotherapy. Two patients with advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma had been treated with chemoradiotherapy because comorbidity precluded esophageal resection. When residual tumor was observed endoscopically, complete remission was achieved by salvage endoscopic therapy alone or in combination with argon plasma coagulation (APC). Both patients achieved long-term sustained remission and died of non-tumor-related causes.
Earlier use of capsule endoscopy in inpatients with melena or severe iron deficiency anemia reduces need for colonoscopy and shortens hospital stay
Authors: Yung Diana E. , Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Douglas Sarah , Plevris John N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Capsule endoscopy(CE) is a well-established investigation for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and melena, usually following negative upper and lower endoscopy. We aimed to study the effect of earlier CE in the investigative pathway for inpatients with IDA or melena at a large tertiary referral centre.
Patients and methods We analyzed inpatients undergoing CE for IDA or melena from 2005 to 2017, without signs/symptoms suggesting lower gastrointestinal tract pathology. Patients underwent CE following negative upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (Group 1), or negative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) only (Group 2).
Results One hundred and seventy inpatients underwent CE for IDA (n = 44) and melena (n = 126). In Group 1, 46/95 (48.4%) patients had small bowel (SB) findings. CE found 16/95 (16.8 %) gastric and 12/95 (12.6 %) colon findings. Three of 12 patients with colon findings required repeat colonoscopy. One hundred and three colon investigations were carried out for 95 admissions. In Group 2, 33/75 (44.0%) patients had SB findings. There were 12/75 (16.0 %) gastric and 11/75 (14.7 %) colon findings. In patients with positive CE, significant colonic findings led to colonoscopy in 10 of 39 patients (diagnostic yield 6/10). Thirty-six patients had negative CE; 15 underwent colonoscopy (diagnostic yield 9/15). The remaining 21 of 36 patients with no further colonoscopy did not develop adverse outcomes related to colonic pathology. Twenty-six colon investigations were carried out in 75 admissions. Patients in Group 2 had shorter mean times from admission to CE (5.08 ± 3.80 vs. 6.38 ± 3.80 days; P = 0.02) and hospital stays (10.5 ± 9.58 vs. 12.5 ± 11.4 days; P = 0.04) compared to Group 1.
Conclusion Earlier use of CE in inpatients with melena or IDA, no signs of lower gastrointestinal pathology and negative UGIE resulted in shortened hospital stays, significant DY from both small bowel and upper gastrointestinal tract, and two-thirds less unnecessary colon investigations without affecting clinical outcomes.
Colorectal cancer after negative colonoscopy in fecal immunochemical test-positive participants from a colorectal cancer screening program
Authors: Rivero-Sánchez Liseth , Grau Jaume , Augé Josep María , Moreno Lorena , Pozo Angels , Serradesanferm Anna , Díaz Mireia , Carballal Sabela , Sánchez Ariadna , Moreira Leticia , Balaguer Francesc , Pellisé Maria , Castells Antoni ,   on behalf of the PROCOLON group
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk after a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and negative colonoscopy is unknown. We aimed to ascertain the cumulative incidence of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) and the manifestation of other lesions that could explain the test positivity in individuals with a negative colonoscopy in a population screening program.
Patients and method Observational study in participants from the first round of a CRC screening program (2010 – 2012) with positive-FIT (≥ 20 μg/g of feces) and negative colonoscopy (without neoplasia). A 42- to 76-month follow-up was performed searching in the National Health Service database and by a brief structured telephonic interview.
Results Of 2659 FIT-positive individuals who underwent colonoscopy, 811 (30.5 %) had a negative colonoscopy. Three PCCRC (0.4 %) were detected within 11 – 28 months and accelerated carcinogenesis was ruled out. Among those with normal colonoscopy, 32 (5 %) relevant lesions were detected at follow-up. One-third of them (11/32) were significant neoplasias: a gastric cancer, a small-bowel lymphoma, six advanced colorectal adenomas, and the three PCCRC. The 21 remaining lesions were inflammatory, vascular disorders, or non-advanced colorectal adenomas.
Conclusions The vast majority (95 %) of individuals did not present any subsequent lesion that could explain the FIT positivity. The very low incidence (0.4 %) and characteristics of PCCRC observed in our cohort reinforce the concept that, although a positive FIT preselects high risk individuals, a high quality colonoscopy is the paramount factor in preventing PCCRC. Improving quality standards of colonoscopy are required to strengthen the current CRC screening strategies.
Large adrenal cyst masquerading as a pancreatic cystic tumor: a rare diagnosis based on endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Voudoukis Evangelos , Velegraki Magdalini , Khamaysi Iyad , Karoumpalis Ioannis , Kazamias Georgios , Fragaki Maria , Mastorakis Emmanouil , Paspatis Gregorios 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdrenal cystic lesions constitute a rare finding and usually are diagnosed incidentally as retroperitoneal cysts during imaging studies. A major issue, especially for the large-sized ones, is their preoperative diagnosis and management, as imaging modalities often fail to detect their exact origin prior to surgery. We report a case of a big adrenal cyst that was mistakenly diagnosed and followed up as pancreatic cystic tail tumor. Our thorough workup, which included endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), managed to delineate an adrenal gland-originated cyst and altered further management of the patient. According to our knowledge, this is the first report in literature in which EUS proved its superiority over other imaging studies in clarifying the origin of an ambiguous big retroperitoneal cyst. We believe that for cases of large retroperitoneal cystic lesions, EUS consists the optimal diagnostic and sampling tool.
Morphologische Charakteristika der Muskelbiopsie bei inflammatorischen Myopathien
Authors: Schänzer Anne , Goebel Hilmar , Stenzel Werner 
Published: May 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Klassifizierung von immunvermittelten inflammatorischen Myopathien (IIM), häufig meist als Myositis bezeichnet, wurde in den letzten Jahren einem interessanten Wechsel unterzogen. Neben klinischen Befunden haben der Nachweis von Autoantikörpern und eine detaillierte morphologische Analyse der Muskelbiospie die Aussage für die Prognose der Erkrankung und damit die Therapieoption deutlich verbessert. Zum Beispiel gehen verschiedene Subtypen einer Dermatomyositis mit einem unterschiedlichen Risiko einer malignen Grunderkrankung oder einer extramuskulären Beteiligung einher. Daher ist eine genaue Einordnung der Pathologie von Skelettmuskelbiopsien unter Verwendung von Spezialfärbungen hilfreich. In dem folgenden Übersichtsartikel werden die wichtigsten Befunde der verschiedenen morphologischen Subtypen der IIM, insbesondere der Dermatomyositis und immunvermittelten nekrotisierenden Myopathie beschrieben und gegenüber anderen Entitäten abgegrenzt.
Shifting paradigms in the management of pediatric
differentiated thyroid cancer from static to dynamic risk stratification: a step
forward toward precision medicine
Authors: Ajdari Sadegh Ebrahim , Shafiei Babak , Motazedian Motahareh , Qutbi Mohsen , Esmaeilzadeh Paridokht , Asli Isa Neshandar , Javadi Hamid , Assadi Majid 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess the usefulness of a risk-adopted
management system known as dynamic risk stratification (DRS) in comparison with
the American (ATA) and European Thyroid Associations’ (ETA) risk classifications
in the management of pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
(DTC).
Materials and Methods The current study included 50 pediatric patients
with DTC who were treated with total or near total thyroidectomy and radioiodine
ablation whose risk assessment was initially defined according to the ATA and
ETA guidelines. During the two years after initial treatment, patients were
reclassified according to their DRS.
Results The study showed that the ability of the DRS system to predict the
final outcome was superior to that of the ATA and ETA guidelines. The observed
variance in predicting final outcome was 2.3 % for ETA, 14.8 % for ATA, and
83.4 % for DRS. In intermediate/high-risk patients, according to the ATA/ETA
guidelines, an excellent response to initial therapy resulted in a noteworthy
reduction (about 40 %) for detection of structural disease at the time of final
follow-up. The risk of structural disease at the time of final follow-up was
significantly higher in the structural incomplete response group (HR = 23.34,
P = 0.00) and biochemical incomplete response group (HR = 13.83, P = 0.03) than
in the excellent response group.
Conclusion The data documented the significance of re-stratifying
pediatric patients with DTC on the basis of the findings obtained at the time of
or after their initial therapy (total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation),
predominantly in the intermediate/high-risk patients. In addition, DRS helped to
better modulate the later follow-up, excluding a large number of
intermediate/high risk patients from needless intensive workups, allowing
personalization of follow-up management.
Role of Pharmacologic Paralysis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Syed Ammar , Kobzik Alexander , Huang David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe pharmacology and history of neuromuscular blockade in clinical care are complex, with multiple theoretical and observed potential benefits and potential harms. Past studies raised concern for long-term paresis, but more recent studies have not found evidence for harm, possibly due to changes in background care, neuromuscular blocking agent, and duration of blockade. Current use is highly variable, likely due to limited evidence for efficacy beyond short-term physiologic improvement and lingering concerns for harm. A recently completed large multicenter trial will provide further information on the role of pharmacologic paralysis in acute respiratory distress syndrome.