bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma phospho‐tau181 increases with Alzheimer's disease clinical severity and is associated with tau‐ and amyloid‐positron emission tomography
Authors: Mielke Michelle M. , Hagen Clinton E. , Xu Jing , Chai Xiyun , Vemuri Prashanthi , Lowe Val J. , Airey David C. , Knopman David S. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Machulda Mary M. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Dage Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe examined and compared plasma phospho‐tau181 (pTau181) and total tau: (1) across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical spectrum; (2) in relation to brain amyloid β (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET), tau PET, and cortical thickness; and (3) as a screening tool for elevated brain Aβ.MethodsParticipants included 172 cognitively unimpaired, 57 mild cognitively impaired, and 40 AD dementia patients with concurrent Aβ PET (Pittsburgh compound B), tau PET (AV1451), magnetic resonance imaging, plasma total tau, and pTau181.ResultsPlasma total tau and pTau181 levels were higher in AD dementia patients than those in cognitively unimpaired. Plasma pTau181 was more strongly associated with both Aβ and tau PET. Plasma pTau181 was a more sensitive and specific predictor of elevated brain Aβ than total tau and was as good as, or better than, the combination of age and apolipoprotein E (APOE).DiscussionPlasma pTau181 may have utility as a biomarker of AD pathophysiology and as a noninvasive screener for elevated brain Aβ.
Applying novelty detection to identify model element to IFC class misclassifications on architectural and infrastructure Building Information Models
Authors: Koo Bonsang , Shin Byungjin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Ensuring the correct mapping of model elements to Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) classes is fundamental for the seamless exchange of information between Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications, and thus achieve true interoperability. This research explored the possibility of employing novelty detection, a machine learning approach, as a way to detect potential misclassifications that occur during current ad hoc and manual mapping practices. By training the algorithm to learn the geometry of BIM elements for a given IFC class, outliers are detected automatically. A framework for leveraging multiple BIM models and training individual one-class SVM's was formulated and tested on four IFC classes. Performance results demonstrate the classification models to be robust and unbiased. The algorithms developed thus can be leveraged to check the integrity of IFC data, a prerequisite for BIM-based quality control and code compliance.
Highlights The correct mapping of BIM elements to IFC classes is critical for IFC based interoperability. A framework is formalized for applying novelty detection to automate the checking of misclassifications. One-class SVM's are trained and tested on two architectural and two infrastructure IFC classes. Performance metrics indicate robust and unbiased models with high accuracy and true negative rates. Novelty detection is a superior approach to outlier detection in identifying misclassifications of BIM to IFC associations.
Effects of Sex Hormones and Age on Brain Volume in Post-Menopausal Women
Authors: Kim Gwang-Won , Park Kwangsung , Jeong Gwang-Woo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Investigation of the effect of sex hormones on the brain volume in women provides a unique opportunity to examine menopause-related morphometric alterations.

Aim
To evaluate brain morphological alterations in post-menopausal women using voxel-based morphometry and its correlations with sex hormone levels.

Methods
20 Pre-menopausal women and 20 post-menopausal women underwent structural MRI.

Outcomes
T1-weighted magnetic resonance data were acquired and serum sex hormones including total estrogen, estriol, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone, free testosterone, SHBG, and luteinizing hormone were measured.

Results
Post-menopausal women showed decreased gray matter (GM) in the supplementary motor area (SMA), inferior frontal gyrus, olfactory cortex, and superior temporal gyrus as contrasted with pre-menopausal women using analysis of covariance (P &lt; .05). The GM volume (GMV) values of the SMA, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus were positively correlated with the levels of E2 in the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women, in which the volume of the SMA was negatively correlated with the duration of time after menopause in post-menopausal women.

Clinical Translation
This finding is potentially applicable to assess the brain dysfunction with morphological changes in post-menopausal women.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to evaluate a direct relationship between the level of E2 and GMV change. We directly compared pre-menopausal and menopausal women un-matched in age. This study highlights the menopause-related morphological alterations in post-menopausal women, suggesting that the reduced GMV were closely associated with the symptoms of menopause caused by the decreased levels of E2.
Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Tibia Strength and Structure of Competitive Adolescent Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gómez‐Bruton Alejandro , González‐Agüero Alejandro , Matute‐Llorente Angel , Julián Cristina , Lozano‐Berges Gabriel , Gómez‐Cabello Alba , Garatachea Nuria , Casajús Jose A. , Vicente‐Rodríguez German 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSwimming has no effect on bone mass or structure. Therefore, adolescent swimmers present similar bone strength values when compared to normo‐active controls, and lower values when compared to weight‐bearing athletes. It thus seems necessary to try to improve bone structure and strength of adolescent swimmers through a weight‐bearing intervention in order to reduce the risk of suffering osteoporosis later in life.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a 6‐month whole body vibration (WBV) intervention on bone strength and structure of adolescent swimmers.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingResearch center.ParticipantsA total of 51 swimmers (14.4 ± 2.0 years) participated in the study.MethodsSwimmers were randomly allocated into 2 groups: 20 swimmers (9 females) who only performed their swimming training, and 31 swimmers (15 females) who performed their swimming training and received a WBV intervention (3.6‐11.6 g) 3 times per week during 6 months (VIB).Outcome measurementsPeripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed in the nondominant tibia of all swimmers at 4%, 38%, and 66% of the tibia length before and after the intervention.ResultsNo differences between groups in any bone structure variable were found at pre‐ or postintervention. Both groups presented similar improvements in time, and no group by time interactions were found, suggesting that the WBV intervention was not intense enough to achieve positive changes in bone strength or structure.ConclusionWBV, at the chosen intensities and durations, had no effect on adolescent swimmers' bone strength or structure. Future studies should test other weight‐bearing interventions aiming to improve bone strength and structure of adolescent swimmers.Level of EvidenceII
Genicular Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Post‐traumatic Knee Pain: A Case Presentation
Authors: Carrier Jonathan D. , Poliak‐Tunis Michelle 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis is the first reported case presentation utilizing cooled genicular radiofrequency ablation (C‐RFA) for the treatment of post‐traumatic knee pain. The patient is a 29‐year‐old man who sustained open right femoral and tibial fractures following 2 motor vehicle collisions. He was deemed too young to undergo total knee arthroplasty by orthopedic surgery. It was recommended he trial diagnostic genicular nerve blocks followed by C‐RFA. The procedure provided a >50% reduction in average pain with an increase in activity tolerance lasting 9 months. In this case, C‐RFA of the genicular nerves was a safe, effective, and durable treatment modality for post‐traumatic knee pain.Level of EvidenceV
Antioch 268 and Its Legacy in the Fourth-Century Theological Debates
Authors: Giulea Dragoș Andrei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe study proposes an analysis of the concepts ofousiaandhypostasisin the theology of the Council of Antioch which condemned Paul of Samosata in 268 CE. The authentic reports preserved from the assembly unveil the fact that the synodals who condemned Paul of Samosata employed the two terms interchangeably to denote the individual entity or person rather than the common essence or nature of the Father and Son. Additionally, they defended Christ's divinity before time and simultaneously assumed a certain subordinationism. The study additionally explores theSitz im Lebenof this theology, an accepted language embraced in the Eastern part of the Roman world in the third century. The article further traces the elements of this Antiochene theology in the fourth century in what was traditionally viewed as the “Arian” councils held in Antioch in 341 and 345 as well as in such authors as Eusebius of Caesarea and the Homoiousians. While Antioch 341 and 345 distanced themselves from Arianism, it is more coherent to interpret them, together with Eusebius and the Homoiousians, through this new hermeneutical lens, namely Antioch 268, rather than the traditional polarization between Nicaea and Arianism.
An existential perspective on the psychological function of shamans
Authors: Schindler Simon , Greenberg Jeff , Pfattheicher Stefan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractShamans deal with events that involve the threat of death. They help buffer death anxiety because, through their claimed supernatural abilities, they can provide both hope for averting death and evidence for existence of a spirit world offering continuance beyond death. Thus, managing the threat of mortality probably played a major role in the development and maintenance of shamanism.
Largest Components in Random Hypergraphs
Authors: COOLEY OLIVER , KANG MIHYUN , PERSON YURY 
Published: April 2018

In this paper we considerj-tuple-connected components in randomk-uniform hypergraphs (thej-tuple-connectedness relation can be defined by letting twoj-sets be connected if they lie in a common edge and considering the transitive closure; the casej= 1 corresponds to the common notion of vertex-connectedness). We show that the existence of aj-tuple-connected component containing Θ(nj)j-sets undergoes a phase transition and show that the threshold occurs at edge probability$$\frac{(k-j)!}{\binom{k}{j}-1}n^{j-k}.$$Our proof extends the recent short proof for the graph case by Krivelevich and Sudakov, which makes use of a depth-first search to reveal the edges of a random graph.Our main original contribution is abounded degree lemma, which controls the structure of the component grown in the search process.
Reputational Rankings of Peer-Reviewed Law Journals: A Survey Approach
Authors: Collins Paul M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of the first-ever survey that captures how political scientists view peer-reviewed law journals with regard to overall impact, familiarity, and article quality, as well as reading and submission preferences. In addition, it examines the extent to which the evaluation of journal quality differs depending on a researcher’s methodological approach. I find that scholars generally agree on a set of top peer-reviewed law journals, although some differences do exist based on the methodological approach of the respondent. These results can be used by a wide range of scholars to formulate publication strategies and evaluate the scholarly productivity of their peers.
Simulating Redistricting in the Classroom: A Binding Arbitration Decision Game Using Louisiana Census Data
Authors: Miller Peter , Kimbrough Steven , Schacht Johanna 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis article describes the design and implementation of a redistricting simulation in two classes at a large university. Simulations often include a high degree of abstraction and, as a result, may not inform and develop an understanding of how the world operates. We developed a binding-arbitration game, based on the New Jersey model of a bipartisan commission, in which groups of students used US Census data and a set of mandatory and discretionary criteria to design congressional districts in Louisiana as well as advocate for their plan at an open hearing. In so doing, they learned about the complexities of redistricting and were introduced to geographical information systems (GIS). The student-drawn maps, on average, were more compact and preserved a larger proportion of places and parishes in a single district than the legislature-drawn map. The article discusses other features of the students’ maps and concludes with comments on the general decision-game design.
Mixed deep learning and natural language processing method for fake-food image recognition and standardization to help automated dietary assessment
Authors: Mezgec Simon , Eftimov Tome , Bucher Tamara , Koroušić Seljak Barbara 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study tested the combination of an established and a validated food-choice research method (the ‘fake food buffet’) with a new food-matching technology to automate the data collection and analysis.DesignThe methodology combines fake-food image recognition using deep learning and food matching and standardization based on natural language processing. The former is specific because it uses a single deep learning network to perform both the segmentation and the classification at the pixel level of the image. To assess its performance, measures based on the standard pixel accuracy and Intersection over Union were applied. Food matching firstly describes each of the recognized food items in the image and then matches the food items with their compositional data, considering both their food names and their descriptors.ResultsThe final accuracy of the deep learning model trained on fake-food images acquired by 124 study participants and providing fifty-five food classes was 92·18 %, while the food matching was performed with a classification accuracy of 93 %.ConclusionsThe present findings are a step towards automating dietary assessment and food-choice research. The methodology outperforms other approaches in pixel accuracy, and since it is the first automatic solution for recognizing the images of fake foods, the results could be used as a baseline for possible future studies. As the approach enables a semi-automatic description of recognized food items (e.g. with respect to FoodEx2), these can be linked to any food composition database that applies the same classification and description system.
Trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents in Shandong Province, China, 1995–2014
Authors: Wang Shu-Rong , Cheng Yan , Chen Min , Zhang Ying-Xiu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere are abundant data on secular trends in BMI; however, information on the change in subcutaneous fat is limited. The present study examined the trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents over the past 19 years (1995–2014) in Shandong Province, China.DesignData for the study were obtained from two cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren carried out in 1995 and 2014. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (SFT) of all participants were measured. The sum of triceps and subscapular SFT (SSFT) was applied. Children and adolescents with SSFT above or equal to the national age- and sex-specific 85th percentile were defined as ‘high SFT’.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsA total of 16 917 students aged 7–18 years were included.ResultsFor both boys and girls, an increasing trend in ‘high SFT’ was observed between 1995 and 2014. The overall prevalence of ‘high SFT’ increased from 10·31 % for boys and 13·40 % for girls in 1995 to 33·94 % for boys and 29·30 % for girls in 2014 (P<0·01).ConclusionsThere are more children and adolescents with very high levels of SFT. These trends describe very unfavourable changes in the body composition and should give cause for concern.
Subsurface exolife
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe study the prospects for life on planets with subsurface oceans, and find that a wide range of planets can exist in diverse habitats with ice envelopes of moderate thickness. We quantify the energy sources available to these worlds, the rate of production of prebiotic compounds, and assess their potential for hosting biospheres. Life on these planets is likely to face challenges, which could be overcome through a combination of different mechanisms. We estimate the number of such worlds, and find that they may outnumber rocky planets in the habitable zone of stars by a few orders of magnitude.
New design for highly durable infrared-reflective coatings
Authors: Hu Chaoquan , Liu Jian , Wang Jianbo , Gu Zhiqing , Li Chao , Li Qian , Li Yuankai , Zhang Sam , Bi Chaobin , Fan Xiaofeng , Zheng Weitao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe fundamental challenge in designing durable infrared-reflective coatings is achieving the ideal combination of both high reflectivity and durability. Satisfying these competing demands is traditionally achieved by deposition of durable layers on highly reflective metals. We overturn the traditional logic of ‘first reflectivity and then durability’ and propose an alternative of ‘first durability and then reflectivity’: First, a transition-metal compound is selected as a durable base; then its reflectivity is improved by incorporating silver/gold to form an alloy or by overcoating a multilayer stack. Two validation experiments prove that the new strategy works extremely well: the coatings thus obtained have infrared reflectivities close to that of aluminum, and their hardness and acid and salt corrosion resistances are 27–50, 400–1 500 and 7 500–25 000 times that of aluminum. The traditional mirror coating (e.g., Al/SiO2 films) is more suitable for moderate environments, while our mirror coating that was obtained by the new strategy (e.g., an Ag-doped hafnium nitride film) is more suitable for harsh environments, such as ones with dust, windblown sand, moisture, acid rain or salt fog. This work opens up new opportunities for highly durable infrared-reflective coatings and rejuvenates the study of transition metal compounds in a completely new area of optics.
Persistent urine leakage around a suprapubic catheter: the experience of a person with chronic tetraplegia
Authors: Vaidyanathan Subramanian , Ward Jerry , Soni Bakul M. , Hughes Peter , Oo Tun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Introduction
Persistent urine leakage after suprapubic cystostomy in tetraplegic subjects occurs due to shrinkage of the urinary bladder and bladder spasms. The patient’s social life is adversely affected as clothes become wet, smelly, and require frequent changing, thus increasing the workload of carers.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old male sustained C-4 complete (AIS:A) tetraplegia while swimming in 2007. Suprapubic cystostomy was performed in 2009. From 2012, this patient had urine leakage around the suprapubic catheter, which became progressively more frequent. Propiverine, then oxybutynin tablets instead of propiverine, oxybutynin transdermal patches, and mirabegron in addition to oxybutynin were tried. An indwelling urethral catheter was used in addition to the suprapubic catheter to alleviate urine leakage when the bladder was undergoing spasms. This patient continued to have leakage around the suprapubic catheter. Leakage of urine was occasionally accompanied by autonomic dysreflexia. Leakage of urine caused huge amounts of extra work for carers, and family. Furthermore, leakage of urine had a significant impact on quality of life, and going out with friends and family. Bladder wall injection of Botox was performed in 2015 and in 2016, which reduced urine leakage.

Discussion
Bladder wall injection of Botox to treat persistent urine leakage around the suprapubic catheter in spinal cord injury patients with suprapubic cystostomy has not been mentioned in NICE guidelines or publications indexed in PubMed. While recommending suprapubic cystostomy to subjects with tetraplegia, leakage of urine around the suprapubic catheter, which may occur sometime after suprapubic cystostomy, should be included in the conversation so that patients and carers become aware of this potential complication.
CHIP regulates bone mass by targeting multiple TRAF family members in bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Wang Tingyu , Li Shan , Yi Dan , Zhou Guang-Qian , Chang Zhijie , Ma Peter X. , Xiao Guozhi , Chen Di 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP or STUB1) is an E3 ligase and regulates the stability of several proteins which are involved in different cellular functions. Our previous studies demonstrated that Chip deficient mice display bone loss phenotype due to increased osteoclast formation through enhancing TRAF6 activity in osteoclasts. In this study we provide novel evidence about the function of CHIP. We found that osteoblast differentiation and bone formation were also decreased in Chip KO mice. In bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells derived from Chip−/− mice, expression of a panel of osteoblast marker genes was significantly decreased. ALP activity and mineralized bone matrix formation were also reduced in Chip-deficient BMS cells. We also found that in addition to the regulation of TRAF6, CHIP also inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling through promoting TRAF2 and TRAF5 degradation. Specific deletion of Chip in BMS cells downregulated expression of osteoblast marker genes which could be reversed by the addition of NF-κB inhibitor. These results demonstrate that the osteopenic phenotype observed in Chip−/− mice was due to the combination of increased osteoclast formation and decreased osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, our findings indicate a significant role of CHIP in bone remodeling.
Enhancer variants reveal a conserved transcription factor network governed by PU.1 during osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Carey Heather A. , Hildreth Blake E. , Geisler Jennifer A. , Nickel Mara C. , Cabrera Jennifer , Ghosh Sankha , Jiang Yue , Yan Jing , Lee James , Makam Sandeep , Young Nicholas A. , Valiente Giancarlo R. , Jarjour Wael N. , Huang Kun , Rosol Thomas J. , Toribio Ramiro E. , Charles Julia F. , Ostrowski Michael C. , Sharma Sudarshana M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been instrumental in understanding complex phenotypic traits. However, they have rarely been used to understand lineage-specific pathways and functions that contribute to the trait. In this study, by integrating lineage-specific enhancers from mesenchymal and myeloid compartments with bone mineral density loci, we were able to segregate osteoblast- and osteoclast (OC)-specific functions. Specifically, in OCs, a PU.1-dependent transcription factor (TF) network was revealed. Deletion of PU.1 in OCs in mice resulted in severe osteopetrosis. Functional genomic analysis indicated PU.1 and MITF orchestrated a TF network essential for OC differentiation. Several of these TFs were regulated by cooperative binding of PU.1 with BRD4 to form superenhancers. Further, PU.1 is essential for conformational changes in the superenhancer region of Nfatc1. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining GWASs with genome-wide binding studies and model organisms could decipher lineage-specific pathways contributing to complex disease states.