bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Lithium‐ion Solid Conductors Based on Tetrazolate Anion and −Si−O− Species with Polyethylene Glycol Chains
Authors: Fei Yuqing , Liu Shimin , Long Yan , Lu Liujin , He Yude , Ma Xiangyuan , Deng Youquan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNew organic‐inorganic hybrid single lithium‐ion (Li+) conductors (SLICs) based on tetrazolate anion and −Si−O− species with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains were developed using isocyanate as interim connection. The key design strategy is that the longer and freely movable wirelike PEG chain can improve Li+ transfer in the presence of a high charge delocalized tetrazolate anion, and the −Si−O− species might improve the interfacial stability at the Li anode. FTIR, solid‐state NMR, XPS, XRD, BET, TGA, and DSC experiments were performed and the electrochemical properties were tested. The chemical structure and basic physicochemical properties were confirmed and revealed preliminarily. At 30 °C, a high enough conductivity (3.3×10−6 S cm−1), Li+ transference number (0.86), and wide electrochemical window (4.5 V) were obtained from the pure SLIC based on PEG with molecular weight of 600 g mol−1. Besides, the developed SLICs displayed good interfacial compatibility with the Li metal electrode, as expected.
Modelling the impact of interference on the energy efficiency of WLANs
Authors: Xu Chuan , Han Zhenzhen , Wang Qianyun , Zhao Guofeng , Yu Shui 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe high‐bandwidth demands from variety of applications drive a dense wireless local access network (WLAN), which results in a complicated wireless network scene with serious co‐channel interference and energy waste. In this paper, to reveal the interactions between interference and energy efficiency, we propose an interference‐energy efficiency (IFEE) model to quantify the interference impact on the energy efficiency of 802.11 access point (AP) devices. Firstly, we introduce the channel separation and the difference of received signal strength indication (D‐RSSI) as two indicators to extend the classical signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) notion and rate adaptive mechanism. Then, these two parameters are integrated into the energy consumption model to establish the IFEE model. Lastly, we conduct extensive measurements with five typical WiFi interference scene in real network to validate the effectiveness of our model. The comparisons between simulation results and real data demonstrate that the proposed IFEE model can quantify the interference and energy efficiency with high accuracy, which can be used for wireless network optimization and protocol design.
Leisure Activity, Brain β‐amyloid, and Episodic Memory in Adults with Down Syndrome
Authors: Mihaila Iulia , Handen Benjamin L. , Christian Bradley T. , Lao Patrick J. , Cody Karly A. , Klunk William E. , Tudorascu Dana L. , Cohen Annie D. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Hartley Sigan L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study provided an investigation of associations between leisure activity and early Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology (i.e., brain β‐amyloid) and episodic memory in a sample of 65 adults with Down syndrome (aged 30–53 years), at baseline and follow‐up, approximately three years apart. Findings indicated that leisure activity at baseline was not associated with brain β‐amyloid at baseline or change in brain β‐amyloid from baseline to follow‐up. Greater cognitively stimulating leisure activity at baseline was associated with better episodic memory at baseline, and greater social leisure activity at baseline was associated with less decline in episodic memory from baseline to follow‐up. High (as opposed to low) levels of social and overall leisure activity at baseline moderated the association between increase in brain β‐amyloid and decline in episodic memory, from baseline to follow‐up. Findings suggest that cognitively stimulating and social leisure activity could protect against the effect of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology on episodic memory in adults with Down syndrome.
A long‐time stability study of 50 drug substances representing common drug classes of pharmaceutical use
Authors: Zilker Markus , Sörgel Fritz , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor assurance of the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used for manufacturing medicines, the analytical requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia serve as a guideline and have a binding character. Within a particular timeframe, an API is considered to comply with predefined specifications. If applicable, it can be used for the manufacturing of a finished pharmaceutical product. The objective of the study presented here was to assess the long‐term stability of 50 drug substances with an age of 20–30 years or even older in some cases. The substances are part of a collection of old pharmaceuticals at the Institute for Pharmacy in Würzburg, Germany, and represent commonly used drug classes containing β‐blockers, β‐sympathomimetic drugs, anticholinergics, anti‐infectives, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, antipsychotics, antihistaminic drugs, and one antiarrhythmic drug. The content and the degradation profile of the items were determined by means of potentiometric titration and liquid chromatography techniques based on pharmacopoeial approaches for impurity profiling covering all process and degradation related substances. The results of the study show that 44 out of 49 tested substances still complied with specifications of the current pharmacopoeias. For metipranolol, which is not monographed in any pharmacopoeia, a small degradation by hydrolysis was observed. In one lot of ampicillin sodium, atenolol, atropine, penbutolol, and salbutamol, at least one impurity did not meet the acceptance criteria, respectively. Some impurities were not related to degradation. However, a surprisingly high chemical stability of the old drug substances was revealed after more than two decades of storage.
Hybridization and rapid differentiation after secondary contact between the native green anole (Anolis carolinensis) and the introduced green anole (Anolis porcatus)
Authors: Wegener Johanna E. , Pita‐Aquino Jessica N. , Atutubo Jessica , Moreno Adam , Kolbe Jason J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn allopatric species, reproductive isolation evolves through the accumulation of genetic incompatibilities. The degree of divergence required for complete reproductive isolation is highly variable across taxa, which makes the outcome of secondary contact between allopatric species unpredictable. Since before the Pliocene, two species of Anolis lizards, Anolis carolinensis and Anolis porcatus, have been allopatric, yet this period of independent evolution has not led to substantial species‐specific morphological differentiation, and therefore, they might not be reproductively isolated. In this study, we determined the genetic consequences of localized, secondary contact between the native green anole, A. carolinensis, and the introduced Cuban green anole, A. porcatus, in South Miami. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we found that the South Miami population formed a genetic cluster distinct from both parental species. Mitochondrial DNA revealed maternal A. porcatus ancestry for 35% of the individuals sampled from this population, indicating a high degree of cytonuclear discordance. Thus, hybridization with A. porcatus, not just population structure within A. carolinensis, may be responsible for the genetic distinctiveness of this population. Using tree‐based maximum‐likelihood analysis, we found support for a more recent, secondary introduction of A. porcatus to Florida. Evidence that ~33% of the nuclear DNA resulted from a secondary introduction supports the hybrid origin of the green anole population in South Miami. We used multiple lines of evidence and multiple genetic markers to reconstruct otherwise cryptic patterns of species introduction and hybridization. Genetic evidence for a lack of reproductive isolation, as well as morphological similarities between the two species, supports revising the taxonomy of A. carolinensis to include A. porcatus from western Cuba. Future studies should target the current geographic extent of introgression originating from the past injection of genetic material from Cuban green anoles and determine the consequences for the evolutionary trajectory of green anole populations in southern Florida.
Bone marrow and plasma FGF‐23 in heart failure patients: novel insights into the heart–bone axis
Authors: von Jeinsen Beatrice , Sopova Kateryna , Palapies Lars , Leistner David M. , Fichtlscherer Stephan , Seeger Florian H. , Honold Jörg , Dimmeler Stefanie , Aßmus Birgit , Zeiher Andreas M. , Keller Till 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) is known to be elevated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). As FGF‐23 is expressed in the bone but can also be expressed in the myocardium, the origin of serum FGF‐23 in CHF remains unclear. It is also unclear if FGF‐23 expressed in the bone is associated with outcome in CHF. The aim of the present study was to investigate FGF‐23 levels measured in bone marrow plasma (FGF‐23‐BM) and in peripheral blood (FGF‐23‐P) in CHF patients to gain further insights into the heart–bone axis of FGF‐23 expression. We also investigated possible associations between FGF‐23‐BM as well as FGF‐23‐P and outcome in CHF patients.Methods and resultsWe determined FGF‐23‐P and FGF‐23‐BM levels in 203 CHF patients (85% male, mean age 61.3 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% and compared them with those of 48 healthy controls (48% male, mean age 39.2 years). We investigated the association between FGF‐23‐BM and FGF‐23‐P with all‐cause mortality in CHF patients, 32 events, median follow‐up 1673 days, interquartile range [923, 1828]. FGF‐23‐P (median 60.3 vs. 22.0 RU/mL, P < 0.001) and FGF‐23‐BM (median 130.7 vs. 93.1 RU/mL, P < 0.001) levels were higher in CHF patients compared with healthy controls. FGF‐23‐BM levels were significantly higher than FGF‐23‐P levels in both CHF patients and in healthy controls (P < 0.001). FGF‐23‐P and FGF‐23‐BM correlated significantly with LVEF (r = −0.37 and r = −0.33, respectively), N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide levels (r = 0.57 and r = 0.6, respectively), New York Heart Association status (r = 0.28 and r = 0.25, respectively), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = −0.43 and r = −0.41, respectively) (P for all <0.001) and were independently associated with all‐cause mortality in CHF patients after adjustment for LVEF, estimated glomerular filtration rate, New York Heart Association status, and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, hazard ratio 2.71 [confidence interval: 1.18–6.20], P = 0.018, and hazard ratio 2.80 [confidence interval: 1.19–6.57], P = 0.018, respectively.ConclusionsIn CHF patients, FGF‐23 is elevated in bone marrow plasma and is independently associated with heart failure severity and all‐cause mortality. The failing heart seems to interact via FGF‐23 within a heart–bone axis.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acids on Nutritional Status and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed Linoleic‐Acid‐Deprived Diets
Authors: Fariña Ana Clara , Lavandera Jimena , González Marcela Aída , Bernal Claudio Adrián 
Published: March 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on nutritional parameters and triacylglycerol (TAG) regulation in male Wistar rats fed linoleic acid (LA)‐deprived (−LA) diets compared to LA‐enriched (+LA) diets. In both +LA and −LA groups, CLA are incorporated into the tissues, showing higher levels in the adipose tissue. However, different metabolic and nutritional effects are observed depending on the LA status. CLA markedly reduces fat depots in the −LA group, associated with an increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lipogenic enzyme activities as compensatory mechanisms. Moreover, CLA restores the hepatic TAG levels in −LA animals, associated with a normalized triacylglycerol‐secretion rate (TAG‐SR), an increased lipogenic enzyme activity and higher mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase. Serum TAG levels are not affected by CLA in the +LA group. However, in the −LA group, CLA decreases the TAG levels associated with a reduced TAG‐SR and a higher adipose tissue LPL activity. Thus, the CLA effects on the nutritional parameters and TAG metabolism differs depending on the LA status. CLA causes certain beneficial biological and nutritional effects in LA‐deprived but not in LA‐enriched animals.Practical Applications: The approach by the authors involve growing animals in healthy physiological conditions fed with diets containing recommended levels of dietary fats, moderate amounts of commercial CLA mixture obtained from industrial synthesis (equimolecular amounts of 9c,11t‐ and 10t,12c‐isomers), and unbalanced LA levels. These variables constitute a situation observed in the human population. The present study might contribute to understanding the role of CLA on nutritional parameters and TAG metabolism depending on the nutritional milieu.Conjugated linoleic acid effects on nutritional parameters and triacylglycerol metabolism in rats fed linoleic‐acid‐enriched and linoleic‐acid‐deprived diets are determined.
Bayesian inference in natural hazard analysis for incomplete and uncertain data
Authors: Smit A. , Stein A. , Kijko A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study presents a method for estimating two area‐characteristic natural hazard recurrence parameters. The mean activity rate and the frequency–size power law exponent are estimated using Bayesian inference on combined empirical datasets that consist of prehistoric, historic, and instrumental information. The method provides for incompleteness, uncertainty in the event size determination, uncertainty associated with the parameters in the applied occurrence models, and the validity of event occurrences. This aleatory and epistemic uncertainty is introduced in the models through mixture distributions and weighted likelihood functions. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a synthetic earthquake dataset and an observed tsunami dataset for Japan. The contribution of the different types of data, prior information, and the uncertainty is quantified. For the synthetic dataset, the introduction of model and event size uncertainties provides estimates quite close to the assumed true values, whereas the tsunami dataset shows that the long series of historic data influences the estimates of the recurrence parameters much more than the recent instrumental data. The conclusion of the study is that the proposed methodology provides a useful and adaptable tool for the probabilistic assessment of various types of natural hazards.
Wellbore shrinkage during drilling in methane hydrate reservoirs
Authors: Yan Chuanliang , Li Yang , Yan Xinjiang , Cheng Yuanfang , Han Zhongying , Tian Wanqing , Ren Xu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMethane hydrates as a clean and abundant energy source, have attracted the attention of the world. However, the instability of hydrate reservoirs makes it difficult to drill production wells. After drilling, the creep properties of hydrate reservoir would cause wellbore shrinkage, which will affect the drilling safety. This study is to analysis law of wellbore shrinkage after a hydrate well drilled. The results demonstrate that wellbore shrinkage mainly results from plastic deformation and creep deformation. The largest and smallest values are separately found in the directions of the maximum and minimum horizontal in‐situ stress. With the increase of initial in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage linearly rise. Under the condition of low horizontal in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage is mainly determined by creep deformation. Under the condition of high horizontal in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage commonly depends on plastic deformation and creep deformation. With deepening methane hydrate reservoirs, wellbore shrinkage shows a nonlinear increase. For formations with higher hydrate saturation, larger wellbore shrinkage would occur. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling method while drilling in hydrate formations.
Mapping valley bottom confinement at the network scale
Authors: O'Brien Gary R. , Wheaton Joseph M. , Fryirs Kirstie , Macfarlane William W. , Brierley Gary , Whitehead Kelly , Gilbert Jordan , Volk Carol 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate the application of a continuous confinement metric across entire river networks. Confinement is a useful metric for characterizing and discriminating valley setting. At the reach scale, valley bottom confinement is measured and quantified as the ratio of the length of channel confined on either bank by a confining margin divided by the reach length. The valley bottom is occupied by the contemporary floodplain and/or its channel(s); confining margins can be any landform or feature that makes up the valley bottom margin, such as bedrock hillslopes, terraces, fans, or anthropogenic features such as stopbanks or constructed levees. To test the reliability of calculating confinement across entire networks, we applied our geoprocessing scripts across four physiographically distinct watersheds of the Pacific Northwest, USA using freely available national datasets. Comparison of manually digitized and mapped with modeled calculations of confinement revealed that roughly one‐third of reaches were equivalent and about two‐thirds of the sites differ by less than ±15%. A sensitivity analysis found that a 500 m reach segmentation length produced reasonable agreement with manual, categorical, expert‐derived analysis of confinement. Confinement accuracy can be improved (c. 4% to 17% gains) using a more accurately mapped valley bottom and channel position (i.e. with higher‐resolution model inputs). This is particularly important when differentiating rivers in the partly confined valley setting. However, at the watershed scale, patterns derived from mapping confinement are not fundamentally different, making this a reasonably accurate and rapid technique for analysis and measurement of confinement across broad spatial extents. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking property crime using offender crime scene behaviour: A comparison of methods
Authors: Tonkin Matthew , Lemeire Jan , Santtila Pekka , Winter Jan M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study compared the ability of seven statistical models to distinguish between linked and unlinked crimes. The seven models utilised geographical, temporal, and modus operandi information relating to residential burglaries (n = 180), commercial robberies, (n = 118), and car thefts (n = 376). Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis and by examining the success with which the seven models could successfully prioritise linked over unlinked crimes. The regression‐based and probabilistic models achieved comparable accuracy and were generally more accurate than the tree‐based models tested in this study. The Logistic algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) for residential burglary (AUC = 0.903) and commercial robbery (AUC = 0.830) and the SimpleLogistic algorithm achieving the highest for car theft (AUC = 0.820). The findings also indicated that discrimination accuracy is maximised (in some situations) if behavioural domains are utilised rather than individual crime scene behaviours and that the AUC should not be used as the sole measure of accuracy in behavioural crime linkage research.
The Association Between Posttraumatic Negative Self‐Conscious Cognitions and Emotions and Maladaptive Behaviors: Does Time Since Trauma Exposure Matter?
Authors: Tran Han N. , Lipinski Alexandra J. , Peter Samuel C. , Dodson Thomas S. , Majeed Rimsha , Savage Ulysses C. , Beck J. Gayle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNegative beliefs about the self, self‐blame, guilt, and shame have been consistently linked to emotional problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, following trauma exposure. To expand understanding of the potential role of negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions in other forms of posttrauma maladjustments, such as maladaptive behaviors, the current study examined the associations between these cognitions and emotions with dissociation, alcohol use, and avoidant problem‐solving. As a secondary goal, the influence of time since trauma exposure was considered given recent data suggesting that some posttraumatic responses require lengthier time following trauma to become salient. Multiple‐group analysis was conducted in two groups of female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV): women whose IPV experiences occurred within 3 months prior to assessment (early posttrauma phase [EPP]; n = 67) and those whose experiences occurred 12 months or more prior to assessment (chronic posttrauma phase [CPP]; n = 145). The results suggested model invariance. Posttraumatic negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions were significantly correlated with dissociation (EPP group: β = .61, p < .001 and CPP group: β = .48, p < .001), alcohol use (EPP group: β = .31, p = .014 and CPP group: β = .30, p < .001), and avoidant problem‐solving (EPP group: β = .58, p < .001 and CPP group: β = .56, p < .001). The findings highlight the importance of negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions in posttrauma maladjustment and support intervening in these domains shortly after trauma exposure.
Some results about zero‐cycles on abelian and semi‐abelian varieties
Authors: Gazaki Evangelia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this short note we extend some results obtained in [7]. First, we prove that for an abelian variety A with good ordinary reduction over a finite extension of with p an odd prime, the Albanese kernel of A is the direct sum of its maximal divisible subgroup and a torsion group. Second, for a semi‐abelian variety G over a perfect field k, we construct a decreasing integral filtration of Suslin's singular homology group, , such that the successive quotients are isomorphic to a certain Somekawa K‐group.
College Guidance for All: A Randomized Experiment in Pre‐College Advising
Authors: Bettinger Eric P. , Evans Brent J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPre‐college advising programs exist in most disadvantaged high schools throughout the United States. These programs supplement traditional advising by high school guidance counselors and attempt to help underrepresented and disadvantaged students overcome the complexities of the postsecondary admission and financial aid processes. Existing evidence on these programs often uses within‐school randomization where spillovers and alternative supports may confound estimates. We provide the first evidence on a whole school intervention resulting from a school‐level randomized controlled trial in the United States. The college access program we study uses a near‐peer model where a recent college graduate works at the school assisting students in the application and enrollment process. Pooled results across the first three years of program implementation find no significant impacts on overall college enrollment. However, subgroup analyses reveal positive, significant effects among the groups most targeted by the intervention: Hispanic and low‐income students. Most of the impact comes through increasing two‐year college enrollment, but this appears to be new entrants rather than inducing students to move from four‐year to two‐year colleges. The observed positive effects for these subgroups attenuate over time. We attribute this drop in the estimated impact to departures in fidelity of the experiment. Even among the cohorts for which we find positive enrollment impacts, we find no significant impacts on college persistence.