bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-FDG PET for Prediction of Conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Updated Systematic Review of Test Accuracy
Authors: Smailagic Nadja , Lafortune Louise , Kelly Sarah , Hyde Chris , Brayne Carol 
Published: July 2018

Background: A previous Cochrane systematic review concluded there is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of 18F-FDG PET in clinical practice in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objectives: To update the evidence and reassess the accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET for detecting people with MCI at baseline who would clinically convert to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia at follow-up. Methods: A systematic review including comprehensive search of electronic databases from January 2013 to July 2017, to update original searches (1999 to 2013). All key review steps, including quality assessment using QUADAS 2, were performed independently and blindly by two review authors. Meta-analysis could not be conducted due to heterogeneity across studies. Results: When all included studies were examined across all semi-quantitative and quantitative metrics, exploratory analysis for conversion of MCI to AD dementia ( n = 24) showed highly variable accuracy; half the studies failed to meet four or more of the seven sets of QUADAS 2 criteria. Variable accuracy for all metrics was also found across eleven newly included studies published in the last 5 years (range: sensitivity 56–100%, specificity 24–100%). The most consistently high sensitivity and specificity values (approximately ≥80%) were reported for the sc-SPM (single case statistical parametric mapping) metric in 6 out of 8 studies. Conclusion: Systematic and comprehensive assessment of studies of 18FDG-PET for prediction of conversion from MCI to AD dementia reveals many studies have methodological limitations according to Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy gold standards, and shows accuracy remains highly variable, including in the most recent studies. There is some evidence, however, of higher and more consistent accuracy in studies using computer aided metrics, such as sc-SPM, in specialized clinical settings. Robust, methodologically sound prospective longitudinal cohort studies with long (≥5 years) follow-up, larger consecutive samples, and defined baseline threshold(s) are needed to test these promising results. Further evidence of the clinical validity and utility of 18F-FDG PET in people with MCI is needed.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Muscular Dystrophy Mice During Aging and Exercise
Authors: Lowe Jeovanna , Kadakia Feni K. , Zins Jonathan G. , Haupt Michael , Peczkowski Kyra K. , Rastogi Neha , Floyd Kyle T. , Gomez-Sanchez Elise P. , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E. , Elnakish Mohammad T. , Rafael-Fortney Jill A. , Janssen Paul M.L. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have shown preclinical efficacy for both skeletal and cardiac muscle outcomes in young sedentary dystrophin-deficient mdx mice also haploinsufficient for utrophin, a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) model. The mdx genotypic DMD model has mild pathology, making non-curative therapeutic effects difficult to distinguish at baseline. Since the cardiac benefit of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists has been translated to DMD patients, it is important to optimize potential advantages for skeletal muscle by further defining efficacy parameters. Objective: We aimed to test whether therapeutic effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are detectable using three different reported methods of exacerbating the mdx phenotype. Methods: We tested treatment with lisinopril and the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone in: 10 week-old exercised, 1 year-old sedentary, and 5 month-old isoproterenol treated mdx mice and performed comprehensive functional and histological measurements. Results: None of the protocols to exacerbate mdx phenotypes resulted in dramatically enhanced pathology and no significant benefit was observed with treatment. Conclusions: Since endogenous mineralocorticoid aldosterone production from immune cells in dystrophic muscle may explain antagonist efficacy, it is likely that these drugs work optimally during the narrow window of peak inflammation in mdx mice. Exercised and aged mdx mice do not display prolific damage and inflammation, likely explaining the absence of continued efficacy of these drugs. Since inflammation is more prevalent in DMD patients, the therapeutic window for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients may be longer.
Effect of pre-surgery assessments on the prognosis of patients received extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery
Authors: Li Chen , Cao Xuhua , Ma Zhizhao , Sun Xiaofeng , Hu Fuguang , Wang Liqun 
Published: July 2018

Background: Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery has been used to improve the conditions of cerebral ischemia symptoms for selected patients resulting from diverse complications such as stroke and atherosclerotic disease. However, several clinical trials showed EC-IC bypass surgery failed to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke in certain patients. Objective: Our clinical trial aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between pre-surgery assessments and prognosis of patients received EC-IC bypass operation. Methods: We divided all patients into 4 groups according to their compensatory stages of cerebral ischemia. The values of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were obtained by computed tomography perfusion (CTP), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) at different time points before and after EC-IC bypass surgery. We assessed the correlations between the compensatory stage with modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores, survival rates, stroke and TIA incidences over the 12 months after surgery. Results: Patients with normal CBF, normal or increased CBV, and normal OEF tended to have a better prognosis after the EI-CI bypass operation than patients with abnormal CBF, CBV and OEF. However, patients with abnormal CBF and CBV, and increased OEF showed elevated mRS, less survival rates, and higher stroke and TIA incidences over the 12 months after surgery, compared to the groups with normal CBF, CBV and OEF. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a defined compensatory stage of cerebral ischemia might be useful for the prognosis of patients receiving EI-CI bypass surgery.
De quelques caractéristiques de l'argumentation dans Les Fables
Authors: Masseron Caroline 
Published: July 2018

L’article présente un ensemble d’activités susceptibles d’introduire la notion d’argumentation, ses niveaux d’analyse (pragmatique, discursif et langagier) ainsi que ses constituants (arguments et conclusion), à travers une sélection de
Fables de La Fontaine. L’ensemble de la séquence didactique est destiné à des élèves de seconde. Le plan de l’article adopte la progression de la séquence : l’introduction au type de texte argumentatif est conduite par l’intermédiaire d’un tri d’extraits et se poursuit par des activités de résumé. Ensuite, la fable est montrée dans sa double organisation, narrative aussi bien qu’argumentative, la chute du récit venant souvent sanctionner la réussite ou l’échec de l’argumentation interne. Par ailleurs, à un niveau externe, la fable, en tant que " récit exemplaire" est en soi une argumentation particulière que le fabuliste adresse à son auditoire : sans excès de moralisme toutefois puisque aussi bien le récit développe plus souvent un contre-exemple qu’un modèle à suivre. Ces imbrications se repèrent dans quelques fables célèbres telles que Le loup et l’agneau ou encore Les animaux malades de la peste, textes que l’on soumet à divers canevas d’étude ou questionnements.
La relation des déclarations politiques : hétérogénéité et mise en scène de la parole
Authors: Ubaldina Lorda C. 
Published: July 2018

Le genre journalistique du compte rendu est devenu, dans la presse contemporaine, une forme très intéressante de mise en scène de la parole alternant discours citant et discours cité. En définissant le genre de la relation de déclarations, et plus particulièrement de la relation de déclarations politiques, l'article propose une grille d'analyse et une approche comparée du Figaro, de Libération
et du Monde.
Des avant-textes au roman : l'exemple du Ventre de Paris. Approche génétique et ethnocritique
Authors: Scarpa Marie 
Published: July 2018

On a voulu, dans le contexte des nouveaux programmes de français aux lycées, proposer une réflexion sur l’intérêt pédagogique des dossiers préparatoires des romans de Zola, et plus particulièrement du Ventre de Paris. Deux de leurs usages possibles ont été dégagés ici : on pourrait utiliser ces dossiers dans le cadre d’activités d’écriture et de réécriture ainsi que dans l’accompagnement d’une lecture analytique d’un roman zolien. Garant du «sérieux » de la méthode naturaliste, les avant-textes donnent à voir pourtant toutes les tensions qui la traversent, tant au niveau des scénarios ébauchés par Zola que des notes documentaires qu’il a prises sur ses différents terrains d’investigation. Ils ont donc l’avantage de nous placer aux premières loges de l’élaboration fictionnelle et de faire saisir très concrètement les diverses contraintes (narratives, stylistiques, intertextuelles, génériques) qui peuvent peser sur elle. Contraintes qui sont aussi d’ordre culturel : parce que le discours naturaliste s’inscrit inévitablement dans un champ social (et littéraire), parce que toute oeuvre est culturellement polyphonique. Le dossier de genèse du Ventre de Paris
permet de constater, en effet, à quel point le roman combine des formes de cultures hétérogènes, dont la moindre n’est pas la culture populaire du carnaval.
A Near-infrared Spectroscopic Survey of FU Orionis Objects
Authors: Connelley Michael S. , Reipurth Bo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We have conducted a homogeneous near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopic survey of 33 objects with varying degrees of similarity to FU Orionis. Common spectroscopic features that are characteristic of the three classical FUors, FU Ori, V1057 Cyg, and V1515 Cyg, are strong CO absorption, weak metal absorption, strong water bands, low gravity, strong blueshifted He i absorption, and few (if any) emission lines. Based on these criteria, we classify the 33 objects as either bona fide FUors (eruption observed), FUor-like objects (eruption not observed), or peculiar objects with some FUor-like characteristics, and present a spectral atlas of 14 bona fide FUors, 10 FUor-like objects, and 9 peculiar objects. All objects that we classify as FUors or FUor-like have very similar near-IR spectra. We use this spectral similarity to determine the extinction to each source, and correlate the extinction to the depth of the 3 μm ice band. All bona fide FUors still today maintain the spectrum of a FUor, despite the eruption occurring up to 80 years ago. Most FUors and FUor-like objects occupy a unique space on a plot of Na+Ca versus CO equivalent widths, whereas the peculiar objects tend to be found mostly elsewhere. Since most FUors show a reflection nebula, we also present an atlas of K-band images of each target. We found that the near-IR spectra of FUors and young brown dwarfs can be extremely similar, a distinguishing feature being the Paschen β absorption in the spectra of FUors. Although V1647 Ori, AR 6a, and V346 Normae had been previously classified as candidate FUors, we classify them as peculiar objects with some FUor-like properties since their spectra now differ significantly from bona fide FUors. We confirm two new FUor-like objects that were initially identified as candidates based on their near-IR morphology.
Explosive Nucleosynthesis in Near-Chandrasekhar-mass White Dwarf Models for Type Ia Supernovae: Dependence on Model Parameters
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Nomoto Ken’ichi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present 2D hydrodynamics simulations of near-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf (WD) models for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using the turbulent deflagration model with a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). We perform a parameter survey for 41 models to study the effects of the initial central density (i.e., WD mass), metallicity, flame shape, DDT criteria, and turbulent flame formula for a much wider parameter space than in earlier studies. The final isotopic abundances of 11C to 91Tc in these simulations are obtained by post-process nucleosynthesis calculations. The survey includes SN Ia models with the central density from 5 × 108 g cm−3 to 5 × 109 g cm−3 (WD masses of 1.30–1.38 M
⊙), metallicity from 0 to 5 Z
⊙, C/O mass ratio from 0.3 to 1.0, and ignition kernels, including centered and off-centered ones. We present the yield tables of stable isotopes from 12Cl to 70Zn, as well as the major radioactive isotopes for 33 models. Observational abundances of 55Mn, 56Fe, 57Fe, and 58Ni obtained from the solar-composition, well-observed SN Ia and SN Ia remnants are used to constrain the explosion models and the SN progenitor. The connection between the pure turbulent deflagration model and the subluminous SNe Iax is discussed. We find that dependencies of the nucleosynthesis yields on the metallicity and the central density (WD mass) are large. To fit these observational abundances, and also for the application of galactic chemical evolution modeling, these dependencies on the metallicity and WD mass should be taken into account.
Universal Relations for Innermost Stable Circular Orbits around Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars
Authors: Luk Shun-Sun , Lin Lap-Ming 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We study the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a test particle around rapidly rotating neutron stars. Based on 12 different nuclear-matter equations of state (EOS), we find numerically two approximately EOS-insensitive universal relations that connect the radius and orbital frequency of the ISCO to the spin frequency f and mass M of rotating neutron stars. The relations are EOS-insensitive to about the 2% level for a large range of Mf. We also find that the universal relation for the ISCO radius agrees with the corresponding relation for the Kerr black hole to within 6% up to Mf = 5000 M
⊙ Hz. Our relations can be applied to accreting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. Using the spin frequency f = 414 Hz and the highest kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) at 1220 Hz observed in the system 4U 0614+09, we determine the mass of the neutron star to be 2.0 M
⊙. Our conclusion only makes a minimal assumption that the highest kHz QPO frequency is the ISCO frequency, bypassing the assumption of slow rotation and the uncertainty related to the dimensionless spin parameter, which are commonly required in the literature.
Orbital Radius during the Grazing Envelope Evolution
Authors: Abu-Backer Abedallah , Gilkis Avishai , Soker Noam 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We use the binary module of the mesa code to study the evolution of an evolved binary system where we assume that a main-sequence companion removes the outskirts of the envelope of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star by launching jets, and explore the characteristics of this grazing envelope evolution (GEE). We base our assumption that jets launched by the secondary star remove a substantial fraction of the outskirts of the envelope of an AGB star on earlier hydrodynamical simulations. We find that in many but not all cases we study, the binary system experiences the GEE rather than entering the common envelope phase, under our assumptions of jet-driven mass removal. To prevent the common envelope phase, we assume the secondary star may accrete a large amount of mass in a short time while avoiding rapid inflation, the feasibility of which requires further study. Because of our simplifying assumptions, we cannot yet present the parameter space for the GEE. Although the incorporation of the GEE into population synthesis numerical codes requires further studies of the GEE, we conclude that analyses of population synthesis studies of evolved binary stars should include the GEE.
Presupernova Evolution and Explosive Nucleosynthesis of Rotating Massive Stars in the Metallicity Range −3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0
Authors: Limongi Marco , Chieffi Alessandro 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present a new grid of presupernova models of massive stars extending in mass between 13 and 120

, covering four metallicities (i.e., [Fe/H] = 0, −1, −2, and −3) and three initial rotation velocities (i.e., 0, 150, and 300 km s−1). The explosion has been simulated following three different assumptions in order to show how the yields depend on the remnant mass−initial mass relation. An extended network from H to Bi is fully coupled to the physical evolution of the models. The main results can be summarized as follows. (a) At solar metallicity, the maximum mass exploding as a red supergiant (RSG) is of the order of 17

in the nonrotating case, with the more massive stars exploding as Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars. All rotating models, conversely, explode as WR stars. (b) The interplay between the core He-burning and the H-burning shell, triggered by the rotation-induced instabilities, drives the synthesis of a large primary amount of all the products of CNO, not just

. A fraction of them greatly enriches the radiative part of the He core (and is responsible for the large production of F), and a fraction enters the convective core, leading therefore to an important primary neutron flux able to synthesize heavy nuclei up to Pb. (c) In our scenario, remnant masses of the order of those inferred from the first detections of gravitational waves (GW 150914, GW 151226, GW 170104, GW 170814) are predicted at all metallicities for none or moderate initial rotation velocities.
« Penser l’action publique » en contextes africains
Authors: Darbon Dominique , Provini Olivier 
Published: July 2018

Resume L’analyse des politiques publiques connaît, depuis les années 1990, un engouement sur le continent africain qui se traduit notamment par la multiplication des études empiriques sectorielles et de programmes de recherche spécifiques. Pourtant, mener une analyse d’action publique sur la plupart des terrains africains soulève a priori des interrogations : ainsi, les cadres d’analyse se sont essentiellement construits autour d’expériences sectorielles nord-américaines et européennes et, de même, les capacités institutionnelles et sociales sont parfois si faibles sur le continent que la notion d’État y est elle-même discutée. C’est précisément à ce décentrement de l’analyse des politiques publiques par des périphéries, parfois réduites de manière abusive à la dépendance et à l’importation de techniques institutionnelles, que ce numéro thématique invite. Plutôt que de s’arrêter à la question de la validité du transfert de l’appareil théorique entre le Nord et le Sud, l’enjeu scientifique du dossier est, à partir d’études de cas du continent africain, de démontrer l’intérêt pour la sous-discipline de travailler sur des situations inédites : d’une part, afin de questionner la validité scientifique et prétendument universelle des résultats accumulés au Nord et, d’autre part, pour enrichir l’analyse des politiques publiques à travers des configurations d’action publique dans des situations et trajectoires nouvelles.
Imposition et appropriation de la lutte contre le sida par projet au Bénin
Authors: Soriat Clément 
Published: July 2018

Resume Cet article analyse le cadrage de l’action publique béninoise de lutte contre le sida par la « gestion du cycle de projet », appréhendée comme un instrument d’action publique, ainsi que ses effets. L’un des principaux effets est la neutralisation politique et la « domestication » des acteurs associatifs. Par ce processus, des acteurs socialement et culturellement favorisés sont reconnus comme des partenaires de l’action publique. La gestion du cycle de projet opère ainsi comme un principe de discrimination sociale, les uns comme les autres s’appropriant à leur façon les règles du jeu. Enfin, les ressources de la lutte contre le sida accumulées par les acteurs les plus légitimes sont réinvesties dans des jeux de pouvoir locaux, avec pour conséquence la recomposition sociologique de l’État béninois.
Taux de change d’équilibre et ampleur des désajustements internes à la zone euro
Authors: Villemot Sébastien , Ducoudré Bruno , Timbeau Xavier 
Published: July 2018

À partir d’une modélisation des taux de change réel d’équilibre, nous cherchons à quantifier les ajustements à effectuer – aussi bien à l’intérieur de la zone euro que vis-à-vis du reste du monde – pour parvenir à résorber les déséquilibres de balance courante tout en stabilisant les positions extérieures nettes des pays de la zone euro. Nos estimations indiquent que des désajustements substantiels subsistent, le désajustement moyen (en valeur absolue) par rapport au niveau de l’euro s’élevant à 11 % en 2016. Le différentiel nominal relatif entre l’Allemagne et la France s’élèverait à 25 %. La prise en compte des incertitudes sur la valeur des élasticités-prix des exportations et des importations ne remet pas en cause notre diagnostic, mais une incertitude forte subsiste sur la quantification des désajustements, un désajustement de près de 35 % de l’Allemagne par rapport à la moyenne de ses partenaires ne pouvant être écarté dans le pire des scénarios. Enfin, nous estimons la cible de long terme de la parité euro/dollar à 1,35 dollar pour un euro.
Effector T Cell Resistance to Suppression and STAT3 Signaling during the Development of Human Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ihantola Emmi-Leena , Viisanen Tyyne , Gazali Ahmad M. , Näntö-Salonen Kirsti , Juutilainen Auni , Moilanen Leena , Rintamäki Reeta , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Veijola Riitta , Toppari Jorma , Knip Mikael , Ilonen Jorma , Kinnunen Tuure 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Dysregulation of regulatory T cell (Treg)–mediated suppression and, in particular, resistance of CD4+ effector T cells (Teffs) to suppression have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the mechanistic basis behind this resistance and the time frame during which it develops in relation to the onset of clinical T1D remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the capacity of peripheral blood Teffs isolated both from patients with T1D and from prediabetic at-risk subjects positive for multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies (AAb+) to be suppressed by Tregs. Because STAT3 activation through IL-6 has previously been implicated in mediating Teff resistance, we also investigated the surface expression of IL-6R as well as IL-6– and TCR-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in T cells from our study subjects. Teff resistance to suppression was observed both in patients with newly diagnosed and long-standing T1D but not in AAb+ subjects and was shown to be STAT3 dependent. No alterations in IL-6R expression or IL-6–mediated STAT3 activation were observed in T cells from patients with T1D or AAb+ subjects. However, faster STAT3 activation after TCR stimulation without concomitant increase in IL-6 expression was observed in T cells from patients with T1D. These experiments suggest that Teff resistance in T1D patients is STAT3 dependent but not directly linked with the capacity of Teffs to produce or respond to IL-6. In conclusion, Teff resistance to Treg-mediated suppression is likely a feature of disease progression in human T1D and can potentially be targeted by immune therapies that block STAT3 activation.