bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF MONOCOT GRASS KYLLINGA TRICEPS ROTTB.
Authors: Upadhyay Amit , Jain Suman , Bhalla Neetu , Arora Kannika 
Published: September 2018

Kyllinga triceps rottb. A monocot perennial herb found in various parts of India is traditionally used in vitiated conditions pitta and vata, hyperdipsia, fever, liver disorders, verminosis, cough, splenopathy, diabetes and dermatitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacognostical study of ignored ayurvedic medicinal herb kyllinga triceps rottb. The plant is monocot grass belongs to the family cyperaceae, commonly used in various ayurvedic preparation’s and called musta. In various ayurvedic texts it is also known as nirvishi. Many species of family cyperaceae resembles the original drug thus the present study will help in identification and collection of original plant. The study includes identification and characterization of chemical component and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant extract. The generated information of the present study will provide data which are helpful in the correct identification and authentication of medicinal plant kyllinga triceps rottb. and may help in prevention of its adulteration.
Keywords: Kyllinga triceps rottb., phytochemical, cyperaceae, adulteration, ayurevedic.
NOVEL APPLICATION OF MIXED HYDROTROPIC SOLUBILIZATION TECHNIQUE IN THE FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSION OF FLUPIRTINE MALEATE
Authors: Yadav Nisha Kumari , Shukla Tripti , Upmanyu Neeraj , Pandey Sharad Prakash , Khan Mohammad Azaz 
Published: September 2018

Flupirtine is an amino pyridine derivative that functions as a centrally acting non-opioid, non-steroidal analgesic. It is a selective neuronal potassium channel opener that also has NMDA receptor antagonist properties. Its muscle relaxant properties make it popular for back pain and other orthopedics uses. In the present investigation, recently developed mixed hydrotropic solid dispersion technology precludes the use of organic solvent and also decreases the individual concentration of hydrotropic agents, simultaneously decreasing their toxic potential. Mixed-hydrotropic solubilisation technique is the experience to increase the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs in the aqueous solution containing blends of hydrotropic agents, which may give synergistic enhancement effect on solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs and to reduce concentrations of each individual hydrotropic agent to minimize their toxic effects due to high concentration of hydrotropic agents. The Flupirtine loaded solid dispersion was prepared by a solvent evaporation technique using sodium benzoate and a niacinamide hydrotropic mixture. The prepared solid dispersions were valuated regarding their solubility, mean particle size, in-vitro drug release. The prepared solid dispersions were found very stable (chemically). The superior dissolution rate due to its reduced particle size may have contributed to the increased oral bioavailability. This study demonstrated that mixed-solvency may be an alternative approach for poorly soluble drugs to improve their solubility and oral bioavailability.
Keywords: Flupirtine, Solid dispersion, Mixed-hydrotropic solubilisation, Solvent evaporation technique, Sodium benzoate, Niacinamide
ANTICONVULSANT AND SEDATIVE ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS OF CARISSA CARANDAS LEAVES.
Authors: Shinde Manisha , Gilhotra Ritu , Chaudhari Sanjay 
Published: September 2018

The present study was carried out to find out the preliminary phytochemical properties, anticonvulsant and sedative activities of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Carissa carandas leaves. The standard methods were used to screen the preliminary photochemicals present in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Carissa carandas leaves. The anticonvulsant efficacy of the extracts was determined using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in experimental animal models using diazepam as standard drug and the sedative effect was evaluated using pentobarbitone that induced sleep in mice. The efficacy of the extracts was compared against the standard drug Diazepam .The preliminary phytochemical investigation shows presence of alkaloids, glycoside, tannins,terpins . The crude extracts of ethanolic, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether at a dose 400 mg/kg has been found to significantly reduce the extensor and stupor and offer protection against convulsion induced by PTZ. The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract found to be non significant at a dose of 100 mg/kg in flexion.
It is seen that the crude extracts of ethanolic, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether Of Carissa carandas leaves significantly (p < 0.05) prolonged the time of sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. However, the animal study revealed that the anticonvulsant and sedative activities of Carissa carandas can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
Key words- Carissa carandas, anticonvulsant, pentobarbitone, hypnosis, epilepsy.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS
Authors: C Shaikh Saddam , Sanap Dnyaneshwar , Bhusari Dipak V , Jain Shirish , Kochar Pooja P , Sanchati Vikram N 
Published: September 2018

The objective of the present study was to formulate the gastro-retentive floating tablets containing Ibuprofen, which would remain in stomach and/or upper part of GIT for prolonged period of time. Floating systems have low bulk density so that they can float on the gastric juice in the stomach. Ibuprofen is an anti inflammatory drug. On trial and error basis formulation design was done. Four different batches of floating tablets of Ibuprofen were prepared using HPMC, Xanthan gum, and gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The tablets were characterized for the pre and post compression parameters such as friability, hardness, thickness, drug content, weight variation, in-vitro buoyancy studies and 13 hrs in-vitro drug release studies and the results were within the limits. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the optimized formulation F4 desired drug release properties and floating behavior.
FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL OINTMENT FORMULATIONS OF MORINGA OLIFERA FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY
Authors: C Shaikh Saddam , Sanap Dnyaneshwar , Bhusari Dipak V , Jain Shirish , Kochar Pooja P , Memon Fahim S 
Published: September 2018

Traditional medicine is an important source of potentially useful new compounds for the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multipurpose and exceptionally nutritious vegetable tree with a variety of potential uses. It is distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. Ointments are semisolid systems which behave as viscoelastic materials when shear stress is applied. They contain medicaments and are intended to be applied externally to the body or to the mucous membrane. In present study the Morenga oleifera leaves extract was used to formulate four different ointment formulations with different bases like cetostearyl alcohol, hard paraffin, and liquid paraffin. Formulations were evaluated for different parameters such as general appearance, spreadability, pH, extrudability, centrifugation, irritancy, loss on drying, stability study etc;
Distribution and abundance of mosquito larvae in Ohafia, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Egwu Onyekachi , Ohaeri Carmelita C. , Amaechi Ebube C. , Ehisianya Collins N. 
Published: September 2018

Quite a number of diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes. The abundance and distribution of mosquito vectors are related to the characteristics of larval habitats. A survey of the distribution and abundance of mosquito larvae was carried out at Nkporo and Abiriba Communities of Ohafia, Abia State, Nigeria. It was carried out during the dry and wet seasons from November 2014 to June 2015. The mosquito larvae were collected using dipper and pipette method from five mosquito habitats namely ground pools (58), household containers (213), domestic run-offs (49), gutters (55) and tree holes/leaf axils (43). A total of 2 641 mosquito larvae belonging to three genera and five species were collected. These were; Culex quinquesfaciatus (40%),Aedes aegypti (22%), Aedes albopictus (17%), Anopheles gambiae (14%), and Anopheles funestus (2%), Household containers had the highest number of larvae (60 %), while tree holes/leaf axils had the least (6%). From Nkporo, 53% of the larvae were collected while 47% was from Abiriba community. Anopheles funestus was recorded only in Nkporo community. However, the abundance of mosquito larvae sampled from the different habitats in the two communities were significantly different (X2 = 166,692, df = 16, P<0,05) from each other. There were also significant differences in the seasonal distribution of mosquito larvae in both dry (X2 = 56,865, df = 12, P<0,05) and wet (X2 = 22,241, df = 12, P<0,05) seasons in Nkporo community and dry (X2=31,776, df = 12, P<0,05) season in Abiriba community. These findings are useful in knowledge expansion on the vector ecology with particular interest on the type of habitat preference, this will be helpful in larval control programs.
Stock Price Contagion Effects of Low-Quality Audits at the Individual Audit Partner Level
Authors: Gul Ferdinand A. , Lim Chee Yeow , Wang Kun , Xu Yanping 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARY
We use Chinese audit partner data to show that partners associated with financial reporting fraud induce share price declines among non-fraudulent firms audited by the same audit partners. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that share price declines are more pronounced when low-quality partners (LQPs) failed to issue modified audit opinions during the period in question and when the LQPs were from one of the Top 10 audit firms. Additional analyses show that investors impose larger penalties on contagion firms when fraudulent firms are larger and the time lapse between sanction and fraud commitment is shorter. The personal characteristics of LQPs (except gender) do not cause a difference in market reaction to contagion firms. Overall, our results speak to the importance of audit partner identity to stock market valuation.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
If Eyes are the Window to Our Soul, What Role does Eye-Tracking Play in Accounting Research?
Authors: Lynch Edward J. , Andiola Lindsay M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Recent advances in technology have increased the accessibility and ease in using eye-tracking as a research tool. These advances have the potential to benefit behavioral accounting researchers' understanding of the cognitive processes underlying individuals' judgments, decisions, and behaviors. However, despite its potential and wide use in other disciplines, few behavioral accounting studies use eye-tracking. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize accounting researchers with eye-tracking, including its advantages and limitations as a research tool. We start by providing an overview of eye-tracking and discussing essential terms and useful metrics, as well as the psychological constructs they proxy. We then summarize eye-tracking research across research domains, review accounting studies that use eye-tracking, and identify future research directions across accounting topics. Finally, we provide an instructional resource to guide those researchers interested in using eye-tracking, including important considerations at each stage of the study.
JEL Classifications: M41; C91.
RECENT TRENDS IN THE DEBATE ON INDIA’S NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT (NFSA) – 2013: TRAGEDY OR TRIUMPH?
Authors: Shakeel Adnan 
Published: September 2018

Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect to the National Food Security Act – 2013. Present article is based on the secondary sources of information collected through various books, magazines, journals, newspapers, government and non-governmental reports. The purpose of the article is to trace the discussion among various economist, planners, researchers and policy makers in order to analyse whether National food Security Act is a triumph for those who are in desperate need of it (poor and destitute), or a tragedy for those officials speaking against the Act. The main emphasis of the article is to discuss the cost of implementation of NFSA because it was believed that after its implementation it will put heavy burden on the government exchequer due to subsidies provided under it. Article also examines the challenges related to Food Corporation of India with respect to procurement, storage and distribution of foodgrains. Moreover, article also discusses the NFSA with respect to the Integrated Child Development Scheme, its affect on small and marginal farmers of the country, challenges related to public distribution system.
Meninos e meninas obesas apresentam pior desempenho em tarefas motoras específicas
Authors: Carvalho da Silva Raísa , Grasel Barbosa Diego , Luis Cardoso Fernando , Otacílio Libardoni dos Santos João , Pereira Gomes Felden Érico , Silva Beltrame Thaís 
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se comparar o desempenho motor nas tarefas da bateria Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK) de crianças com diferentes status de peso. Participaram do estudo, 350 crianças de oito a 10 anos. Investigaram-se: Índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência de cintura (CC), razão cintura-estatura (RCEst) e tarefas do KTK. Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para verificar associações e o teste de Kruskal Wallis para comparação das pontuações das tarefas motoras entre os status de peso. Verificaram-se que os meninos com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram piores resultados na tarefa de equilíbrio em marcha à retaguarda (p<0,001) e saltos monopedais (p<0,011), comparados aos meninos com baixo peso e eutróficos. Além disso, meninas obesas apresentaram piores resultados na tarefa de equilíbrio em marcha à retaguarda (p<0,001) comparadas às meninas com baixo peso, peso normal e sobrepeso. Conclui-se que crianças sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram piores desempenhos nas tarefas do KTK comparadas às crianças eutróficas e com baixo peso.
Palavras-chave: Obesidade; desempenho motor, status de peso, crianças
Effect of the addition of epinephrine to a lidocaine solution on the efficacy and duration of palmar digital nerve blocks in horses with naturally occurring forefoot lameness
Authors: Alvarez Ana Velloso , Schumacher John , DeGraves Fred J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether addition of epinephrine to a lidocaine solution would prolong and potentiate the efficacy of a palmar digital nerve block (PDNB) in horses.
ANIMALS 6 adult horses with naturally occurring forefoot lameness.
PROCEDURES Initially, a PDNB with a 2% lidocaine solution was performed on the affected foot of each horse. Three days later, the PDNB was repeated with a 1% lidocaine solution or a 1% lidocaine solution containing epinephrine (dilution, 1:200,000). After another 3-day washout period, the PDNB was repeated with the treatment opposite that administered for the second PDNB. Gait was analyzed with a computerized lameness analysis system and heart rate and extent of skin sensation between the heel bulbs of the blocked foot were evaluated at predetermined times for 2 hours after each PDNB.
RESULTS Efficacy and duration of the PDNB did not differ significantly between the 2% and 1% lidocaine treatments. The addition of epinephrine to the 1% lidocaine solution improved the efficacy and prolonged the duration of the PDNB. It also resulted in a positive correlation between skin desensitization and amelioration of lameness. Median heart rate remained unchanged throughout the observation period for all 3 treatments. No adverse effects associated with the PDNBs were observed.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Addition of epinephrine (dilution, 1:200,000) to a 1% lidocaine solution improved the efficacy and prolonged the duration of a PDNB in horses with naturally occurring lameness and might be clinically useful for lameness evaluations and standing surgery of the forefoot of horses.
Evaluation of tissue Doppler ultrasonographic and strain imaging for assessment of myocardial dysfunction in dogs with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim Yun-Hye , Kim Jung-Hyun , Park Chul 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cardiac structural and functional changes by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain imaging in dogs with spontaneous type 1 diabetes mellitus.
ANIMALS 30 client-owned dogs, of which 10 had normotensive type 1 diabetes mellitus and 20 were healthy.
PROCEDURES All dogs underwent physical examination, laboratory analyses, standard echocardiography, and TDI.
RESULTS On TDI and strain imaging, transmitral peak early diastolic velocity (E)-to-tissue Doppler–derived peak early diastolic velocity at basal segment (E') of septum ratio, E:lateral E’ ratio, and septal tissue Doppler–derived peak late diastolic velocity at basal segment (A') were significantly higher and the septal E':A’ ratio and lateral longitudinal strain were significantly lower for diabetic dogs than for control dogs. Furthermore, in diabetic dogs, serum glucose and fructosamine concentrations after a 12-hour period of food withholding were positively correlated with regional systolic functional variables (septal and lateral longitudinal strain) and left ventricular filling pressure indices (E:septal E’ and E:lateral E’ ratios) but were negatively correlated with diastolic functional variables (E:transmitral peak late diastolic velocity and septal and lateral E':A’ ratios).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that myocardial function in diabetic dogs may be altered before the development of clinical heart-associated signs and that the change may be more readily detected by TDI and strain imaging than by conventional echocardiography. In addition, findings indicated that hyperglycemia could have detrimental effects on myocardial function, independent of hypertension, other cardiac diseases, and left ventricular hypertrophy, in dogs with type 1 diabetes.
Epidemiological and morphological characteristics of incomplete ossification of the dorsal neural arch of the atlas in dogs with atlantoaxial instability
Authors: Takahashi Fumitaka , Hakozaki Takaharu , Kouno Shigenori , Suzuki Shuji , Sato Asaka , Kanno Nobuo , Harada Yasuji , Yamaguchi Shinya , Hara Yasushi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the epidemiological and morphological features and outcome of surgical treatment of incomplete ossification of the dorsal neural arch of the atlas (IODA) in dogs with atlantoaxial instability (AAI).
ANIMALS 106 AAI-affected dogs that underwent ventral fixation of the atlantoaxial joint.
PROCEDURES Medical records and CT images for each dog were reviewed. Dogs were allocated to 1 of 2 groups on the basis of the presence or absence of IODA or of dens abnormalities (DAs) in CT images.
RESULTS Of the 106 dogs with AAI, 75 had and 31 did not have IODA; 70 had and 36 did not have DAs. Incomplete ossification was present in the cranialmost, central, or caudalmost portion of the dorsal neural arch of the atlas in 59, 39, and 28 dogs, respectively; 2 or 3 portions were affected in 29 and 11 dogs, respectively. The mean CT value (in Hounsfield units) for the midline of the dorsal neural arch of the atlas in dogs with IODA was significantly lower than that for the same site in the dogs without IODA. The mean age at surgery for dogs with central IODA was significantly higher than that of the non-IODA group. The severity of spinal cord injury before or after atlantoaxial ventral fixation did not differ between the IODA and non-IODA groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that concomitant DAs or IODA is common in dogs with AAI. In dogs with incomplete ossification in the central part of the dorsal neural arch of the atlas, surgical treatment of AAI generally occurs at a middle to advanced age.
LC-MS Method for Determining Amiodarone and Desethylaminodarone in Rat Plasma Used in Endogenous Overdosing Conditions Following Lipolysis
Authors: Jîtcă George , Ősz Bianca-Eugenia , Vancea Szende , Miklos Amalia , Tero-Vescan Amelia 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a LC-MS method to determine amiodarone (AMI) and its major metabolite desethylamiodarone (DEA) from rat plasma released from the adipose tissue of AMI treated rats subjected to a weight gain/weight loss cycle. Methods: Separation of the compounds was performed on a Kinetex 2.6 μm C18 100 x 4.6 mm column under isocratic conditions using a mixture of acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid 65:35 at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Detection of the analyte was performed by electrospray positive ionization, the monitored ions being 135 m/z from 646 for AMI and 135 m/z of 618 for DEA. Analytes were extracted after plasma protein precipitation with methanol. Results: The developed method presented specificity and linearity on the concentration range of 25-2500 ng/ml plasma for AMI and 2.5-1250 ng/ml plasma for DEA and the precision and accuracy of the method at all of quality control concentration levels including LLOQ were according to official guidelines for validating analytical methods. Conclusions: A sensitive and accurate LC-MS method has been developed with a much lower LLOQ than literature data to detect the plasma concentration differences of the studied analytes that result from forced lipolysis and mobilization from the adipose tissue.
Predictors of Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Dinesch Violeta , Dinesch Mihail , Sirbu Ileana Voichita , Macarie Cosmin , Halatiu Bogdan Vasile , Buruian Mircea 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective: This study investigated predictors of progression of coronary atherosclerosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Their identification may be useful in clinical practice. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the database of the Cardiology Department of the Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Transplant Institute in Tirgu Mures from January 2012 to December 2015 and identified 180 patients readmitted after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. The t-test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and mono- and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate associations between the patients’ clinical and angiographic characteristics and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Results: The pre-percutaneous coronary intervention atherosclerotic burden was associated with a higher number of new coronary lesions at readmission. Hypertension and the placement of more than one bare-metal stent in the right coronary artery were associated with increased odds of the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The use of drug-eluting stents at the index percutaneous coronary intervention and a greater number of drug-eluting stents in the left anterior descending artery were associated with a decreased chance of the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusions: A massive atherosclerotic load at index percutaneous coronary intervention and hypertension were predictors of the progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. The number, type, and localisation of the stent at the index percutaneous intervention could influence the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Further research is needed to identify other potential predictors and to determine how to optimize the treatment of known predictors.