bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonging Charge Carrier Lifetime via Intraband Defect Levels in S‐Scheme Heterojunctions for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Xu Feiyan , He Ying , Zhang Jianjun , Liang Guijie , Liu Chengyuan , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractS‐scheme heterostructure photocatalysts, distinguished by unique charge‐transfer pathways and exceptional catalytic redox capabilities, have found widespread applications in addressing challenging chemical processes, including the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with a high reaction barrier. Nevertheless, the influence of intraband defect levels within S‐scheme heterojunctions on charge separation, carrier lifetime, and surface catalytic reactions has, for the most part, been overlooked. Herein, we develop a tunable defect‐level‐assisted strategy to construct an electron reservoir, effectively prolonging the lifetime of charge carriers through the rapid capture and gradual release of photoelectrons within WO3‐x/In2S3 S‐scheme heterojunctions, as authenticated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical simulations. The surface photoredox mechanism, unraveled by Gibbs free energy calculations, demonstrates that oxygen‐vacancy‐induced defect states in WO3‐x/In2S3 heterojunctions unlock the rate‐determining H2O oxidation into free oxygen molecules by forming metastable oxygen intermediates, contributing to the facilitation of H2O photooxidation. This distinct role, combined with the extended carrier lifetime, results in boosted CO2 photoreduction with nearly 100 % CO selectivity in the absence of any photosensitizer or scavenger. Our work sheds light on the role of controllable defect levels in governing charge transfer dynamics within S‐scheme heterojunctions, thereby inspiring the development of more advanced photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis.
A Noncovalent π‐Stacked Dual‐Pore Molecular Crystal for Ethanol/Water and Benzene/Methanol Azeotrope Separation
Authors: Meng Xiang , Zou Shuixiang , Li Jiawei , Chen Cheng , Zhang Jie , Wu Mingyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSeparation of ethanol/water or benzene/methanol azeotrope mixtures presents significant challenges, not only due to the limitations of conventional distillation techniques but also because of the constraints in developing and utilizing of new generation adsorbents. Porous organic molecular frameworks constructed via noncovalent π‐interactions are emerging as novel adsorbents with vast potential in gas adsorption and molecular separation. Herein, we report a permanent two‐dimensional porous structure, namely TDTBA‐1, which consists of two different kinds of pores through π‐stacking of a single organic molecule with highly Td symmetry. Activated TDTBA‐1 exhibits excellent hydrophobicity, thermal stability, recoverability and high selectivity for ethanol over water, and benzene over methanol. Therefore, activated TDTBA‐1 can be used as an efficient stationary phase for the separation of ethanol/water and benzene/methanol azeotropes by high‐resolution gas chromatography.
Covalent Folding of Fluorinated Polyphenylene by Sulfur Fluorine Annulative Substitution
Authors: Zhu Yanpeng , Lin Chaojun , Zhao Chaoqun , Ou Yiqiang , Li Zhongshu , Zhu Kelong , Wang Jiaobing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report that fluorinated polyphenylene P50 undergoes folding‐like sulfur fluorine annulative substitution (SFAS) to form a well‐defined tubular helix H50. This is achieved with atomic precision in an exceptionally efficient manner, involving the simultaneous transformation of 98 C−F bonds with the yield per reaction site approaching 99.9 %. The desired product H50 features a fully fused dibenzothiophene skeleton of 5.8 helical turns in total. It is truly monodisperse (Đ=1.0) in nature, allowing for thorough spectroscopic characterizations. Unambiguous single crystal X‐ray structure, distinct chiroptical properties, and intriguing through‐cavity threading complexation are described. These results, in addition to those of H50’s lower congeners, H34 and H18, illustrate the great potential of folding‐like SFAS in shaping random‐coiled polymer chains into higher‐order functional structures.
Regio‐ and Chemo‐selective C‐H Arylation of 3‐Bromothiophene: A Synthesis Shortcut to Versatile π‐Conjugated Building Blocks for Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Cao Min‐Ling , Lee Kun‐Mu , Wu Xiao‐Wei , Yu Wei‐Lun , Liu Ching‐Yuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnlike traditional multi‐step synthetic approaches, we developed a single‐step synthesis of versatile π‐conjugated building blocks bearing post‐functionalizable C−H and C−Br bonds. Direct C−H arylation of 3‐bromothiophene with various iodo(hetero)aryls was successfully carried out with good regio‐ and chemo‐selectivity. Under optimized reaction conditions, 20 new compounds were facilely prepared in yields up to 91 %. One of the obtained compounds was demonstrated to further extend its conjugation length using a succinct synthetic plan to create two symmetrical oligo(hetero)aryls (MLC01 and MLC02) that were fabricated as effective hole‐transporting materials (HTM) for perovskite solar cells (PSC). PSC devices utilizing MLC01 as hole‐transport layer displayed promising power conversion efficiencies of up to 17.01 %.
Therapists' lived experiences of identifying with sensory processing sensitivity: A phenomenological inquiry
Authors: Roxburgh Elizabeth C. , Wright‐Bevans Mel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored the lived experiences of therapists who self‐identify as being highly sensitive persons (HSP), otherwise termed sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). SPS is an innate personality trait identified by deeper processing of information, overarousal, emotional intensity and sensory sensitivities (Aron & Aron, 1997). Of particular interest in this study was how being both a therapist and a HSP impacts on participants' well‐being and therapeutic work.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 qualified therapists. There were nine females and one male, with ages ranging from 34 to 59 years, length of practice ranging from 2 to 15 years and length of time identifying as HSP ranging from 6 months to 12 years. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith et al., 2022).FindingsTwo group experiential themes were derived which have implications for therapists' training, practice and supervision. Participants felt that their heightened sensitivity helped them to establish relational depth with clients quickly and that they had an intuitive understanding of the nuances of clients' issues, which was often an embodied experience. They also spoke about the importance of processing time and setting boundaries to avoid burnout.ConclusionThere is a need for increased awareness about SPS in counselling and psychotherapy training, supervision and practice. Future research may find it fruitful to explore whether SPS has an impact on therapeutic outcome.
More Than Referral: The Role of Faculty in Supporting Community College Student Mental Health
Authors: Latz Amanda O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCommunity college faculty play a significant role in the educational lives of their students. The focus of this article is to outline the ways faculty can support their students' mental health beyond referring students to on‐ or off‐campus resources such as a counseling center or support group. Strategies faculty can use such as leveraging assessment data, deploying trauma‐informed pedagogies, and using micro‐counseling approaches are discussed.
Modulating Electronic Structure of MoS2 Nanosheets by Sulfide Enrichment‐Induced Vacancies for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chen Xingyun , Li Zhenghao , Yuan Jiangyan , Hao Xuqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnhancing photocatalytic activity by changing the electronic structure of the catalyst is an effective strategy. 2H‐MoS2 has semiconductor properties, and its unsaturated side S atom is the main active site for its photocatalytic activity. However, due to the weak S─H bond energy, its hydrogen adsorption capacity is weak. In this work, the electronic structure of MoS2 is adjusted by S‐rich treatment, resulting in the formation of Mo vacancy (MoS2‐VMo). The level of Mo vacancies was assessed using UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS). As these vacancies can capture certain photogenerated electrons, thereby reducing the recombination of electron‐hole pairs. Through DFT calculation, it is found that the antibonding orbital electron filling of MoS2‐VMo is weakened, the bond energy of S─Mo bond is weakened, and the bond energy between S─H bond is enhanced, which is more conducive to proton adsorption. The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of MoS2‐3, which underwent the optimal S‐rich treatment, achieved a remarkable rate of 2404.6 µmol g−1 h−1 in dye eosin Y (EY) sensitization system, significantly surpassing that of MoS2 lacking the S‐enriched treatment. This study introduces a novel concept for enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of metal sulfides via defect engineering.
Methodological and reporting quality of systematic and rapid reviews on human mpox and their utility during a public health emergency
Authors: Pussegoda Kusala , Israr Izza , Baumeister Austyn , Corrin Tricia , Sterian Melanie , Qamar Mavra , Samra Anmol , Waddell Lisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionEvidence syntheses were rapidly produced during the 2022 mpox outbreak despite a lack of studies. The aim of this methodological study was to assess the quality and utility of the evidence syntheses produced during the first 6 months of the outbreak compared to those published before it.MethodsHuman mpox evidence syntheses available before December 31, 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, EuropePMC, SSRN, and arXiv. Study characteristics, utility, methodological, and reporting quality (AMSTAR‐2 and PRISMA) were contrasted between syntheses produced before the 2022 outbreak (historical) and during the first 6 months (new). Results were synthesized narratively.ResultsTwenty‐six evidence syntheses were included; two historical systematic reviews (SRs) and 24 new SRs, rapid reviews, scoping reviews, and mislabelled syntheses. Median time from search to publication/preprint post date was 68 and 6 weeks for historical and new syntheses, respectively. Among the new syntheses, 8% (2/24) did not include evidence from the 2022 outbreak, 33% (8/24) included only new evidence and 58% (14/24) included both new and historical evidence. Only 29% of new syntheses contrasted findings between new and historical evidence. Methodological quality was critically low for 100% of historical syntheses and 92% of new syntheses and the remainder (8%) were low. Reporting quality was poor with a median of 10.5 (range 10–11) and 11.5 (range 4–21) of 27 items reported sufficiently by historical and new syntheses, respectively.ConclusionsEvidence syntheses take time to produce and during an emergent outbreak they are often outdated at the time of publication and suffer from poor adherence to methodological and reporting guidelines. Overlapping content and few new studies resulted in minimal added value to the mpox literature. Strategies to reduce duplication and mechanisms to produce and disseminate continuously updated living evidence syntheses need to be explored to support decision‐makers responding to an emergency.
Free Alcohol‐Mediated Radical Alkynylation and Allylation of Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Cao Zhu , Xu Yaohui , Wu Zhen , Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe daunting challenges in converting alcoholic O−H bonds with high bond‐dissociation energy (BDE) to alkoxy radicals and harnessing those unruly reaction species largely limit exploiting free alcohols in C(sp3)−H functionalization. Herein we describe a novel radical alkynylation and allylation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds with unmodified aliphatic alcohols. The use of phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) enables the formation of alkoxy radicals under mild photochemical conditions. α‐Methyl styrene serves as a sacrificial‐reagent that significantly improves the reaction outcomes. This transition‐metal free protocol further features broad substrate scope, exclusive site‐selectivity, high product diversity, and simple operation, supplying a robust manifold for C(sp3)−H functionalization using easily available aliphatic alcohols as feedstock.
Simultaneously Optimizing Molecular Stacking and Phase Separation via Solvent‐Solid Hybrid Additives Enables Organic Solar Cells with over 19% Efficiency†
Authors: Liu Haicui , Shi Keli , Lai Jing , Jeong Seonghun , Zhu Can , Zhang Jinyuan , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Yang Changduk , Qiu Beibei , Li Yongfang 
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive SummaryGiven the crucial role of film morphology in determining the photovoltaic parameters of organic solar cells (OSCs), solvent or solid additives have been widely used to realize fine‐tuned film morphological features to further improve the performance of OSCs. However, most high‐performance OSCs are processed only using single component additive, either solvent additive or solid additive. Herein, a simple molecular building block, namely thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene (TT), was utilized as the solid additive to coordinate with the widely used solvent additive, 1‐chloronaphthalene (CN), to modulate the film morphology. Systematical investigations revealed that the addition of TT could prevent the excessive aggregation to form a delicate nanoscale phase separation, leading to enhanced charge transport and suppressed charge recombination, as well as superior photovoltaic performance. Consequently, the PM6:Y6 based OSCs with the addition of hybrid additive of CN + TT demonstrated the optimal PCE of 18.52%, with a notable FF of 79.6%. More impressively, the PM6:Y6:PC71BM based ternary OSCs treated with the hybrid additives delivered a remarkable efficiency of 19.05%, which ranks among the best values of Y6‐based OSCs reported so far. This work highlights the importance of the hybrid additive strategy in regulating the active layer morphology towards significantly improved performance.
Analyzing Pulse Compression Performance and Image Quality Metrics of Different Excitations in MAET With Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Gözü Mehmet Soner , Gençer Nevzat Güneri 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the pulse compression technique to improve the performance of magneto‐acousto‐electrical tomography (MAET) with magnetic field measurements through numerical studies. Emphasizing the effects of specific coil configuration on MAET measurements, the study conducts evaluations using a linear phased array (LPA) transducer and numerical breast models with tumor inclusion. It provides feasibility and a detailed comparative analysis of various excitations, including linear frequency modulated (LFM), Barker code, and Golay code excitations in MAET. To simulate experimental conditions, additive White Gaussian noise is added to the MAET signal detected by the receiver coils. The results obtained from the LPA steering angle at 0° and the reconstructed B‐mode MAET images using the pulse compression technique lead to improvements compared with conventional single‐cycle excitation. The computed mean signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) improvements for LFM, Barker code, and Golay code excitations in B‐mode MAET images for 10,000 iterations are 7.42, 8.36, and 8.44 dB, respectively, compared with single‐cycle excitation. Similarly, the mean contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) improvements for these excitations in B‐mode MAET images are 1.43, 1.63, and 1.9 dB, respectively. The results demonstrate that Golay code is superior in CNR and image quality metrics, while Golay and Barker codes have comparable SNR and outperform LFM. The research shows that the coil configuration significantly impacts tumor detection. With Golay code excitation, detecting a tumor as small as 5 mm × 2 mm at a depth of 33 mm with an SNR of 6.38 dB is possible, achieving an axial resolution of 2 mm.
An Abstract Modeling Framework for One‐ and Two‐Ports
Authors: Riaza Ricardo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses an analytical framework to model one‐ and two‐ports in a way which avoids prioritizing either the voltage or the current as model variables. This approach allows for a truly general symbolic treatment of such circuits, avoiding the need to perform repetitive analyses in different working scenarios, and also displays a number of benefits from a theoretical point of view. The key ingredient is a homogeneous version of the Thévenin–Norton theorem for one‐ports which possibly include controlled sources and coupling effects. This paves the way for the introduction of a comprehensive form for the transfer functions and the driving point immittances of two‐ports, accounting for all possible impedance/admittance descriptions of the devices connected at the ports and also of the internal devices. Our framework allows, for example, for a universal definition of reciprocity but also for a straightforward derivation of Middlebrook's formulae in the context of the extra element theorem. Several examples illustrate the results.
Squamous Cells in Thyroid Cytology and Their Clinical Significance: A Multi‐Institutional Study
Authors: Pedro Brian A. , Harjunpää Iiris , Young Eric , Mirsadraei Leili , Kholová Ivana , Maleki Zahra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSquamous cells are uncommon in thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNAs) presenting diagnostic challenges. We report our multi‐institutional experience.Materials and MethodThe electronic data were searched for thyroid FNAs containing squamous cells at the Johns Hopkins Medicine, New York University Langone Hospital, United States, and Fimlab Laboratories, Finland (2001–2023). The patients' demographics, clinical history, and pathologic diagnosis were recorded.ResultsOne hundred and seven cases (103 patients) were identified 35 males and 68 females (median age 58 years). Forty‐eight cases (44.9%) were malignant, primary carcinomas with squamous features, such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and metastatic or directly invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC) including oral, oropharyngeal (HPV‐related), esophageal, and laryngeal SqCC. Twenty‐seven cases (25.2%) contained benign squamous cells with cystic background, suggestive of developmental cysts. Nineteen cases (17.8%) contained metaplastic benign squamous cells within an adenomatoid nodule. Seven cases (6.5%) contained atypical squamous cells. Four cases (3.7%) showed squamous cells with bacterial or fungal organisms, suggestive of esophageal fistula/diverticulum, and two cases (1.9%) contained benign squamous cells with unknown source. Thirty‐six cases had surgical follow‐up, 33 (91.7%) were concordant (23 metastatic or directly invasive SqCC, 8 undifferentiated/ATC, and 10 papillary thyroid carcinoma). Ancillary studies were used confirming HPV‐related SqCC, or therapeutic targets (BRAF V600E), with highly variable staining in ATC.ConclusionSquamous cells in thyroid FNAs carry a broad differential diagnosis with variable prognoses. It is crucial to interpret squamous cells in the context of clinical and radiographic findings for optimal patient care.
Microplastics alter the functioning of marine microbial ecosystems
Authors: Montoya Daniel , Rastelli Eugenio , Casotti Raffaella , Manna Vincenzo , Trano Anna Chiara , Balestra Cecilia , Santinelli Chiara , Saggiomo Maria , Sansone Clementina , Corinaldesi Cinzia , Montoya Jose M. , Brunet Christophe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicroplastics pervade ocean ecosystems. Despite their effects on individuals or populations are well documented, the consequences of microplastics on ecosystem functioning are still largely unknown. Here, we show how microplastics alter the structure and functioning of pelagic microbial ecosystems. Using experimental pelagic mesocosms, we found that microplastics indirectly affect marine productivity by changing the bacterial and phytoplankton assemblages. Specifically, the addition of microplastics increased phytoplankton biomass and shifted bacterial assemblages' composition. Such changes altered the interactions between heterotrophic and autotrophic microbes and the cycling of ammonia in the water column, which ultimately benefited photosynthetic efficiency. The effects of microplastics on marine productivity were consistent for different microplastic types. This study demonstrates that microplastics affect bacteria and phytoplankton communities and influence marine productivity, which ultimately alters the functioning of the whole ocean ecosystem.
A Hardware Chaotic Neural Network With Gap Junction Models
Authors: Yamaguchi Takuto , Saeki Katsutoshi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe aim at the engineering applications of reservoir computing using hardware chaotic neural networks, including associative memory recall. The reservoir layer used in reservoir computing is networked and constructed using pulse‐type hardware chaos neuron models (P‐HCNMs). The structure of the reservoir layer is simple, which is advantageous for hardware implementation. By inducing chaos in the reservoir layer, it is possible to use the “chaotic edge” where the reservoir reaches its highest efficiency. It has also been reported that incorporating self‐correction within the reservoir layer increases the efficiency of the task. In this paper, we constructed a hardware small‐world neural network using a synaptic model with spike timing‐dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) and a gap junction model. As a result, it is clarified that all cell body models with synaptic model connections show chaotic firing by simulation at the same time, and that the STDP model enables learning while keeping the chaotic phenomena. In addition, comparison with the firing of cell body models coupled only with synaptic models suggested that the gap junction model works significantly in inducing chaos in neural networks.
Variation in forest patch habitat quality for white‐footed mice driven by invasive plants in an urbanizing landscape
Authors: Busala Gianna M. , Phillips Payton M. , Behm Jocelyn E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe habitat quality of urban forest patches is determined by the composition and structure of vegetation which in turn affects the quality of trophic resources and shelter provided for wildlife species. In addition, urban development in the landscape surrounding forest patches can affect species' movement between patches, further influencing habitat quality. Understanding how species respond to variation in habitat quality among urban forest patches is especially important for species that contribute to ecosystem services and disservices for urban residents. Here, we assessed habitat quality provided by urban forest patches for white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) because they are one of the key reservoir species for Lyme disease and they influence disease dilution ecosystem services provided by mammal communities. We examined variation in vegetation composition and structure in forest patches across a gradient of landscape‐scale urban development in and around Philadelphia, PA, USA. In particular, we focused on shifts in vegetation composition and structure associated with invasive understory shrubs given their prevalence in our study system. We then quantified the numerical (index of relative abundance) and morphological responses of white‐footed mice to variation in habitat quality. While we observed no significant effects of environmental variables on our index of mouse relative abundance in forest patches, environmental variables associated with vegetation structure and composition were associated with shifts in mouse morphology. Most notably, mice were larger at sites with more invasive shrub species. This indicates that invasive understory shrubs may be creating higher‐quality habitat for white‐footed mice. Because larger‐bodied mice are likely to feed more ticks, this result has significant implications for Lyme disease dynamics in urban areas, such as amplified transmission.