bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and electroadhesion properties of parylene-coated carbon fiber arrays
Authors: Ai Lan , Liu Tingting , Zai Mingmin , Hou Lizhen , Wang Shiliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Parylene-coated carbon fiber (CF) arrays with tunable inclination angles and heights were fabricated using oxygen plasma etching of composite wafers with embedded parallel CFs, followed by parylene coating via chemical vapor deposition. The effective elastic modulus of the CF arrays was found to decrease approximately in proportion to the square of the fiber length (5–60 μm), with the parylene coating (∼2 μm) further slightly reducing the modulus. Both experimental measurements and finite element simulations indicated that CF arrays with inclination angles below 75° exhibit ideal contact with glass wafers during electrostatic adhesion. However, the measured electrostatic adhesion between CF arrays and A4 paper was significantly lower than the predicted value for ideal contact, likely due to the porous nature of the paper. Electrostatic chuck prototypes based on the parylene-coated CF arrays demonstrated effective pick-and-place capabilities for A4 paper, plastic films, and glass wafers at voltages ranging from 500 to 900 V, without causing surface damage or leaving residue. These results highlight the potential of the parylene-coated CF arrays for applications in high-precision manufacturing and automated handling systems.
Assessing cytotoxicity: a comparative analysis of biodegradable and conventional 3D-printing materials post-steam sterilization for surgical guides
Authors: Gielisch Matthias W , Thiem Daniel G E , Ritz Ulrike , Bösing Christoph , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Ecological concerns and the depletion of petroleum resources have driven the exploration of biodegradable 3D-printing materials derived from bio-renewable sources, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). This study aimed to compare the potential cytotoxic effects of a biodegradable PLA/PHA blend filament, a conventional photopolymer (MED610), and a combination of MED610 with a support material (SUP705) before and after steam sterilization in vitro, with a focus on their application in the production of surgical guides. Materials and Methods. PLA/PHA, MED610, and SUP705 (both in their pure and steam-sterilized forms; n = 6 per group) were assessed for their cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts using the neutral red uptake assay. Positive controls included zinc diethyldithiocarbamate and zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, while high-density polyethylene served as a negative control. A stock solution of the extraction medium was used as the vehicle control (VC). Results. Significant differences in cell viability were observed between pure PLA/PHA (1.2 ± 0.24) and MED610 (0.94 ± 0.08) (p = 0.005). However, both materials exhibited non-cytotoxicity, with cell viability exceeding 70% compared to VCs. SUP705 (0.58 ± 0.42) demonstrated significantly reduced cell viability compared to PLA/PHA (p = 0.001) and MED610 (p = 0.007). After steam sterilization, no significant difference in cell viability was noted between MED610 (1.0 ± 0.08) and PLA/PHA (1.2 ± 0.25) (p = 0.111). While both materials remained non-cytotoxic after sterilization, SUP705 (0.60 ± 0.45) exhibited cytotoxic effects compared to MED610 (p = 0.006) and PLA/PHA (p < 0.001). Steam sterilization did not induce significant cytotoxic effects in the investigated materials (p = 0.123). Conclusion. Pure and steam-sterilized PLA/PHA and MED610 were not cytotoxic, supporting their potential use in the production of surgical guides. However, the observed cytotoxicity of SUP705 suggests caution in scenarios requiring sterile conditions, as the removal of support material from complex printed parts may be challenging. The consideration of PLA/PHA is recommended in such settings to ensure biocompatibility.
Lithium-containing 45S5 Bioglass-derived glass-ceramics have antioxidant activity and induce new bone formation in a rat preclinical model of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gomez Gramajo Fátima , Rivoira María A , Rodríguez Valeria , Vargas Gabriela , Vera Mesones Rosa , Zago María P , Boccaccini Aldo R , Gorustovich Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with complications that affect the skeletal system, such as alterations in bone repair, osteoporosis, and an increased risk of fractures. In this context, the use of biomaterials able to promote osteogenic differentiation and, at the same time, limit the oxidative stress induced by DM offers a novel perspective to ensure the repair of diabetic bone tissue. Since lithium (Li) has been recently identified as a biologically active ion with osteogenic and antioxidant properties, the localized and controlled release of Li ions from bioactive glass-ceramic materials represents a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of bone lesions in DM. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential osteogenic and antioxidant effects of glass-ceramic microparticles derived from a 45S5-type bioactive glass (Bioglass) containing (% by weight) 45% SiO2, 24.5% Na2O, 24.5% CaO, and 6% P2O5, in which Na2O was partially substituted by 5% of Li2O (45S5.5Li), in an experimental model of type 1 DM (DM1). The results obtained demonstrate, for the first time, that both 45S5 and 45S5.5Li glass-ceramic microparticles possess antioxidant activity and stimulate bone formation in vivo both under physiological conditions and under experimental DM1 in rats. In this sense, they would have potential application as inorganic osteogenic agents in different strategies of bone tissue regenerative medicine.
Leveraging synthetic assimilation of remote sensing with the National Water Model (NWM) to improve above-normal flow prediction in ungauged basins
Authors: Fang Shiqi , Johnson J Michael , Sankarasubramanian A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Effective flood prediction supports developing proactive risk management strategies, but its application in ungauged basins faces tremendous challenges due to limited/no streamflow record. This study investigates the potential for integrating streamflow derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and U.S. National Water Model (NWM) reanalysis estimates to develop improved predictions of above-normal flow (ANF) over the coterminous US. Leveraging the SAR data from the Global Flood Detection System to estimate the antecedent conditions using principal component regression, we apply the spatial-temporal hierarchical model (STHM) using NWM outputs for improving ANF prediction. Our evaluation shows promising results with the integrated model, STHM-SAR, significantly improving NWE, especially in 60% of the sites in the coastal region. Spatial and temporal validations underscore the model’s robustness, with SAR data contributing to explained variance by 24% on average. This approach not only improves NWM prediction, but also uniquely combines existing remote sensing data with national-scale predictions, showcasing its potential to improve hydrological modeling, particularly in regions with limited stream gauges.
Future photovoltaic potential in India: navigating the interplay between air pollution control and climate change mitigation
Authors: Ghosh Sushovan , Ganguly Dilip , Dey Sagnik , Chowdhury Subhojit Ghoshal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
India has set ambitious solar energy targets to meet its climate commitments. However, climate change, already evident in the country, poses significant challenges to solar power generation. Therefore, assessing the impact of climate change on future photovoltaic potential in India is essential. This study evaluates the mid-century (2041–2050) solar photovoltaic potential across Indian power grids using CMIP6 models under two scenarios: SSP2-4.5 (moderate climate action with intermediate air pollution) and SSP5-8.5 (weak climate action with strong air pollution control). The results indicate that the nationally averaged photovoltaic potential is projected to decrease by −2.3 ± 0.6% (SSP5-8.5) to −3.3 ± 0.9% (SSP2-4.5) compared to the 1985–2014 baseline, primarily due to reduced radiation and increased temperatures. Additionally, cell temperatures are expected to rise by 1.5 ± 0.13 °C (SSP2-4.5) to 2 ± 0.11 °C (SSP5-8.5), leading to efficiency losses and additional 18 ± 5 d under SSP2-4.5 (26 ± 3 d under SSP5-8.5) of efficiency de-rating, particularly in solar-rich regions. This translates to a loss of 600 ± 160 GWh under SSP2-4.5 and 840 ± 100 GWh under SSP5-8.5, based on the solar generation status of 2023–24. Overall, SSP5-8.5 projects a smaller reduction in photovoltaic potential, it also predicts greater temperature-induced efficiency losses compared to SSP2-4.5, due to aerosol direct effect and weak climate action. Finally, this assessment highlights the need for combined climate and pollution mitigation efforts to boost India’s photovoltaic potential and secure a sustainable, resilient energy future.
Crop-raiding by wildlife and cropland abandonment as feedback from nature-based solutions: lessons from case studies in China and Nepal
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hu Jing , Graybill Sophia A , Moody Aaron , Bista Rajesh , Bilsborrow Richard E , Song Conghe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Conservation efforts under the nature-based solutions (NbS) framework aim at better management of ecosystems and improvement of human well-being. Policies targeting forest-based livelihoods align well with the NbS principles, but their social-ecological outcomes are often confounded by complex human-environment interactions. In this study, we identify one major feedback effect of the ecosystem dynamic on people’s livelihoods based on datasets collected from two study areas in China and Nepal. Our methodology integrates satellite remote sensing, household surveys, and statistical models to investigate households’ cropland abandonment decisions under the influence of crop-raiding by wildlife. Results show that cropland parcels that have experienced crop-raiding are more likely to be abandoned in the following years. The more damage the crops have suffered on a given parcel, the more likely it is that the parcel will be abandoned. Parcels in proximity to natural forests, farther away from the house location, and with poorer access to paved roads bear a higher risk of being abandoned. These effects are robust and consistent after controlling for multiple parcel features and household characteristics at different levels and using the dataset from each study area separately. We conclude that policymakers need to consider this undesirable feedback of the ecological system to the livelihoods of local people to better achieve co-benefits for ecosystems and human society.
Legendre transforms for type An and Bn

V

-systems
Authors: Feigin Misha , Kaminski Leo , Strachan Ian A B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde (WDVV) equations have a rich structure related to the theory of Frobenius manifolds, with many known families of solutions. A Legendre transformation is a symmetry of the WDVV equations, introduced by Dubrovin. We explicitly compute the results of a Legendre transformation applied to An
- and Bn
-type multi-parameter rational solutions, relating them to known and new trigonometric solutions.
Robustly packaged lithium niobate resonator-based temperature sensor
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhuang Yongyong , Zhang Yifan , Yan Haochen , Zhang Hao , Zhang Yaojing , Zhang Shuangyou , Liu Xin , Hu Qingyuan , Xu Zhuo , Del’Haye Pascal , Wei Xiaoyong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators with high optical quality factor (Q) are sensitive to environment changes and are used in various sensing applications. We have developed a high-precision temperature sensor using a compactly packaged lithium niobate WGM resonator. This sensor offers a sensitivity of 34.38 pm °C−1 and a high resolution of up to

5

.6
×
1

0

−

4

°C. It is portable with high Q, making it suitable for using outside the laboratory. The device is also resilient to changes in humidity, enhancing its practicality.
A multi-dimensional modulation format for spectral efficiency improvement of PPM system and its BER performance analysis in free-space optical communication
Authors: Luo Shutian , Miao Maoke , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the spectral efficiency of pulse position modulation (PPM) systems in free-space optical (FSO) communication, a novel multi-dimensional modulation format is proposed in this paper, which is based on the combination of polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK, or PQ), intensity shift keying (ISK) and PPM, and it can be termed as PQ-ISK-PPM. We illustrate the modulation principle and describe the block diagrams of the transceiver. We also mathematically derive the bit error rate (BER) expressions of PQ-ISK-PPM format in the atmospheric turbulence channel. Through analysis and numerical simulation, we find that the spectral efficiency, BER performance and power sensitivity of PQ-ISK-PPM format are superior to those of previous PPM-based multi-dimensional modulation format. In addition, the modulation order and turbulence intensity can affect the BER performance of PQ-ISK-PPM format. Moreover, we also find that the constant modulus algorithm equalization can improve the BER performance of PQ-ISK-PPM format in turbulence conditions.
Design of a calibratable optical antenna system based on ring array light source
Authors: Zhou Lei , Cao Yabin , Zhong Liang , Liu Jianing , Yang Huajun , Jiang Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study presents a multi-wavelength, multi-channel, and high-capacity optical antenna system. This approach is intended to allow parallel transmission with many channels and wavelengths by employing a ring array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, with reception accomplished via a ring detector array. The system employs spatially multiplexed techniques to send the target with numerous independent signals at the same time, effectively increasing bandwidth and reducing signal interference. The method used in this design provides benefits such as effective decreasing losses caused by blocking and removing aberrations. To overcome the spatial alignment difficulty caused by the array light source’s tiny beam size during long-distance transmission, this study introduces a high-precision acquisition, pointing, and tracking system as a reverse communication channel. The system’s wide beam can be used to align the installation of optical antenna equipment and facilitate information transmission.
Enhancing UV photodetection sensitivity via pulsed laser optimization in SnO2:WO3/Si nanostructures
Authors: Aldaghri Osamah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This manuscript investigates the deposition of tin oxide (SnO2)-doped tungsten trioxide (WO3) films on silicon (Si) substrate using a pulsed laser deposition technique for ultraviolet (UV) photodetection. The structural, optical, morphological, electrical, and photodetector properties of SnO2-doped WO3 films were extensively investigated. The optical characteristics, studied using UV–vis spectroscopy, reveal a tunable optical bandgap ranging from 2.85 eV to 2.25 eV with increasing laser energy, which is consistent with the findings obtained from photoluminescence analysis. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates three vibration modes at 319.80, 603.30, and 866.20 cm−1. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images display spherical nanoparticles with average diameters of 43.90, 47.55, and 62.20 nm for 140, 180, and 220 mJ, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicate an increase in the thin film grain size, roughness surface, and root mean square at higher laser energies (140, 180, and 220 mJ). Under illumination conditions, the photodetector gives a considerable amount of photocurrent (0.5 mA), which increases with higher laser energies. The proposed geometry demonstrates an excellent photo-response within a wavelength range of 350–550 nm, mainly at 420 nm. The optimized device illuminated with a laser energy of 220 mJ exhibits a response and recovery time of 352 ms and 737 ms, respectively, highlighting its potential for efficient and responsive applications.
Green biogenic synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from indigenous Banksia Ashbyi leaf for enhanced sonochemical dye degradation
Authors: Halim A F M Fahad , Poinern Gérrard Eddy Jai , Fawcett Derek , Anguelov Nikolay , Sharma Rupam , Chapman Peter , Feng Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Developing alternative green and sustainable technologies to prevent, reduce, and remove toxic dyes present in effluent generated by the textile industry is of global importance. In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully synthesized using a co-precipitation method that used Indigenous Banksia Ashbyi (BA) leaf extract in varying amounts (BA-MNP 1 to BA-MNP 4), to modulate particle size and size distribution. The formation of the MNPs was confirmed by a range of characterization techniques that included UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning (FIBSEM) and high-resolution transmission (HRTEM) electron microscopy. The presence of the Fe–O bond located at 551 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra and XRD analysis of the samples confirmed the formation of crystalline MNPs. FIBSEM and HRTEM images of the BA-MNP 4 sample confirmed the MNPs were spherical (18 ± 5 nm) and tended to agglomerate. Moreover, UV–visible spectrophotometry revealed a board absorption band and an optical band-gap energy of 2.65 eV. The catalytic activity of BA-MNP 4 samples towards the degradation of a commercially available navy-blue RIT dye (BRD) were investigated under three operational senarios: 1) ultrasonic irradiation (US) + BRD; 2) BA-MNP 4 + BRD, and 3) US + BRD + BA-MNP 4. The investigation found there was an additive effect when US (80 W) was used in conjunction with BA-MNP 4 s during the dye degradation process. With no US, the BA-MNP 4 sample only achieved a dye degradation of 52% in 25 min. However, over the same period of time with US, the BA-MNP 4 sample achieved a dye degradation of 89.92%. In addition, kinetic modelling found the combined US and BA-MNP 4 process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
A new Q-band comb-based multi-channel microwave Doppler backward scattering diagnostic developed on the HL-3 tokamak
Authors: TONG 佟 Ruihai 瑞海 , ZHOU 周 Yu 宇 , ZHONG 钟 Wulyu 武律 , WEN 闻 Jie 杰 , SHI 石 Zhongbing 中兵 , ZOU 邹 Xiaolan 晓岚 , LIANG 梁 Anshu 桉树 , YANG 杨 Zengchen 曾辰 , JIANG 蒋 Min 敏 , YU 余 Xin 鑫 , SHEN 沈 Yuqi 宇奇 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Doppler backscattering (DBS) diagnostic is widely used to measure the localized density fluctuations and the propagation velocity of turbulent structures. Microwave is launched at a frequency that approaches a cutoff layer in the plasma at an angle oblique to the cutoff layer. A new Q-band multichannel DBS system based on a comb generator has been designed and tested for application on the HL-3 tokamak. With the comb generator and heterodyne scheme, the stability and flexibility of the new DBS system are improved. The new DBS diagnostic has a high output power (~ 10 dBm), good power flatness (< 5 dB in Q-band), and frequency stability, and the inter-frequency separation is tunable remotely. This article introduces the system design, laboratory test results, and initial experimental results from the HL-3 tokamak. With the help of the newly developed multichannel DBS, the turbulence information can be studied with high temporal and spatial resolution.
From text to insights: leveraging NLP to assess how landscape features shape tourist perceptions and emotions toward traditional villages
Authors: Shen Huaheng , Aziz Nor Fadzila , Liu Jiali , Huang Menglan , Yu Lingyun , Yang Rong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding tourist perceptions and the relationship between landscape features and emotional attitudes in traditional village is crucial for sustainable development. However, quantifying these perceptions over vast spatiotemporal scales is challenging. Additionally, there is a paucity of knowledge on which landscape features influence tourist perceptions within varied samples on a spatial scale. In this study, we analyzed 39,130 online reviews of 57 traditional Chinese villages from 2018 to 2023. Utilizing Word2Vec and machine learning techniques, we identified 14 key landscape feature indicators. These were quantitatively scored using expert evaluations, and their relationship to tourists’ emotional attitudes was determined through linear regression analysis. The analysis revealed that architectural elements, service facilities, convenience, and sanitation are positively associated with tourists’ emotional attitudes towards traditional villages. Contrary to expectations, the frequency of landscape feature mentions did not correlate significantly with emotional attitudes, challenging traditional assumptions about the visibility of landscape features and their impact.
Investigations on the influence of thickness and preform structure on the mechanical performance of novel textile composites with woven Kevlar® fabric reinforcement and poly methylmethacrylate (Elium®) matrix
Authors: Bandaru Aswani Kumar , Gobikannan T , Pawar Suryappa Jayappa , Pichandi Subramani 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Elium (novel methyl methacrylate (MMA)) resin is a liquid thermoplastic resin curable at room temperature and a possible replacement for epoxies. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of novel Kevlar fabric reinforced Elium composites with different thicknesses. The plain-woven structure Kevlar/Elium laminates were manufactured with 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm thicknesses through vacuum-assisted resin infusion moulding, where 8 and 12 layers of woven fabrics were used, respectively. The effect of laminate thickness was measured in terms of mechanical (tensile, flexural, shear, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)) and physical (density and fibre volume fraction (FVF)) characteristics. The density of the laminates was found in the range of 1.18–1.31 g cm−3. FVF was 50.69 and 52.27% for 1.5 and 2.5 mm thick laminates, respectively. The composite with 1.5 mm thickness exhibited the highest tensile strength (667.9 MPa) and flexural strength of 330.7 MPa. Conversely, the highest interlaminar shear strength measured for 2.5 mm thick laminate is 16.5 MPa. The DMA analysis recorded the highest storage and loss modulus for 2.5 mm thickness laminates. The fractography analysis confirmed the quantified experimental observation of excessive interface debonding and delamination. Elium composites may be suitable for high-end structural applications, including marine and aircraft structures.