bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of target thickness on the efficiency of high-order harmonics generated from laser-driven overdense plasma target
Authors: Xu Xinrong , Qiao Bin , Yu Tongpu , Yin Yan , Zhuo Hongbin , Liu Ke , Xie Duan , Zou Debin , Wang Weiquan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we analytically and numerically studied the impact of the target thickness on the efficiency of laser-plasma based high-order harmonics generation (HHG). The optimal parametric region is acquired where the laser normalized amplitude a
0, the target density n

e
and thickness d
0 satisfy the relation:

a

0

n

c

/

2
π

n

e

≤

d

0

/

λ
≤

a

0

n

c

/

π

n

e

for

n

e

≫

a

0

n

c

. In this region, the laser can partially penetrate the target, leading to efficient acceleration of the target. Meanwhile, the target is thick enough to oscillate along the rising edge of the laser without being broken, which guarantees the occurrence of HHG. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results verify our optimal target thickness theory, and a single attosecond pulse with I = 3.0 × 1020 W cm−2 is generated under the driving of 8.6 × 1020 W cm−2 , which is several hundred times more intense than that from a thick target.
Power narrowing: counteracting Doppler broadening in two-color transitions
Authors: Finkelstein Ran , Lahad Ohr , Michel Ohad , Davidson Omri , Poem Eilon , Firstenberg Ofer 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Doppler broadening in thermal ensembles degrades the absorption cross-section and the coherence time of collective excitations. In two photon transitions, it is common to assume that this problem becomes worse with larger wavelength mismatch. Here we identify an opposite mechanism, where such wavelength mismatch leads to cancellation of Doppler broadening via the counteracting effects of velocity-dependent light-shifts and Doppler shifts. We show that this effect is general, common to both absorption and transparency resonances, and favorably scales with wavelength mismatch. We experimentally confirm the enhancement of transitions for different low-lying orbitals in rubidium atoms and use calculations to extrapolate to high-lying Rydberg orbitals. These calculations predict a dramatic enhancement of up to 20-fold increase in absorption, even in the presence of large homogeneous broadening. More general configurations, where an auxiliary dressing field is used to counteract Doppler broadening, are also discussed and experimentally demonstrated. The mechanism we study can be applied as well for rephasing of spin waves and increasing the coherence time of quantum memories.
Compact and green urban development—towards a framework to assess urban development for a high-density metropolis
Authors: Fan Peilei , Lee Ying-Chieh , Ouyang Zutao , Huang Shu-Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a framework for measuring compactness and urban green accessibility in a high-density transit-oriented metropolis and uses Taipei City and its surrounding outskirts, New Taipei City, as a case to illustrate the measurement framework. Two indices, urban compactness index (UCI) and urban green accessibility index (UGAI), are developed to illustrate various aspects of a sustainable urban built environment, with UCI including density of residents and commercial activities, land use mix, street connectivity, access to center/subcenters, and access to transit stops, and UGAI measuring access to public urban green spaces. We found that while great spatial variations exist among different parts, our study area has a distinguished polycentric pattern of UCI index with three distinct clusters around the center and sub-centers illustrating higher index values in 2015. When compared to UCI, UGAI has a similar polycentric but more dispersed spatial pattern, as well as linear patterns along river corridors. We found that most areas of medium or high UCI values are located in areas of either plan-induced or plan-expanded development. UCI values in areas of plan-expanded development are generally higher than that of areas of plan-induced development. UCI and UGAI are spatially correlated to a certain extent. We found that most centers and one particular subcenter have high UCI and UGAI, moving towards both compactness and good green accessibility. Two subcenters with high UCI and low UGAI, i.e. Banqiao and Yonghe, call for planning to provide green spaces for residents living in these rising subcenters. UCI and UGAI can be applied and used to assess compact and green urban development of other cities and they are particularly useful to dense urban environment of large cities in Europe and Asia.
Late Paleozoic tectonics of the Junggar-Altai–Sayan Foldbelt
Authors: Buslov M M , Cai K , Abildaeva M A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents new tectonic model for the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Jungar-Altai–Sayan Fold Belt in the context of large-amplitude (hundreds to several thousands of kilometres) strike-slip movement along regional NW-trending fault zones. These include the following regional fault zones: Chara, Irtysh, Northeast, Charysh–Terekta and Kurai-Teletsk, as well as the thrusts associated with them kinematically:Tangbale-Kolameili,Mayile, Barleik–Hongguleleng, Kaim, North Sayan thrust fault and Kurtushuba.
Geodynamic conditions of formation of sedimentary basins of South Kazakhstan (Shu-Sarysu, Pre-Balkhash, Ili)
Authors: Tulemissova Z S , Buslov M M , Bekmukhametova Z A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The features of geological and geodynamic formation of promising oil and gas basins of Southern Kazakhstan (Shu-Sarysu, Pre-Balkhash-Ili) are considered and the geological evolution of these basins is described, which is associated with the conditions of stable subsidence throughout the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic-Cainazoic. A model of the deep structure of the main structural units of Southern Kazakhstan (folded paleozoid base) and a cover of sedimentary basins along the profile of “Turkestan“are offered. As a result of interpreting geophysical data in the crustal section along the traverse of the profile, numerous gently sloping reflectors are described at depths from several kilometers to the Mohorovicic boundary. These reflecting planes in the regional section form a system of detachments that are associated with a system of gentle over thrusts and interformational disruptions, forming a system of intermittent packets of tectonic lenses folded by dynamometamorphic and metamorphic rocks. The position in the section of these tectonic lenses is an expression of the tectonic stratification of the earth’s crust. The characteristic of the main tectonic elements of this region (suture, accretion prisms, intraplate complexes, collision thrusts and shifts, etc.) is given. As initial reconstructions, various paleogeographic, paleotectonic and geodynamic constructions were used.
X-ray diffraction study and luminescence of agates of Southern Siberia
Authors: Zvyagintseva E , Korneva A , Boroznovskaya N , Nebera T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Central part of Kuznetsk Basin is known in the narrow circle of researchers as one of the regions of Siberia where agate mineralization is widespread. In spite of rather wide distribution of these quartz-chalcedony aggregates, still there are some unresolved issues about their origin. In this context it may be informative to use such methods as luminescence analysis and estimation of crystallinity indexes of minerals which constitute agates. Layer-by-layer X-ray diffraction study of minerals which make up distinct layers of agates and onyxes allowed identifying three minerals alternating: chalcedony, quartz and (less frequently) cristobalite. Calculation of crystallinity indexes of all of the layers with use of X-ray diffraction analysis helped to find changes of proportion between two states of silica – high-molecular (polymerized) and monomeric. X-ray luminescence analysis results confirmed this finding. Authors suppose that monomeric state is particularly related to high value of crystallinity index and presence of defects which are responsible for short-wavelength luminescence (280 nm).
Positioning Social Justice: Reclaiming Social Work’s Organising Value
Authors: Postan-Aizik Dassi , Shdaimah Corey S , Strier Roni 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article explores the value of social justice as a shared ethical ground for social workers worldwide. Constructions and interpretations of social justice are deeply affected by different perspectives, contested positions and unequal power dynamics. As societies become ever more diversified, these may hinder the centrality of social justice as a core value. Drawing on data collected from participants in a binational interprofessional seminar on social justice in multi-cultural societies, this qualitative study is based on interviews and visual analysis with 16 American and 15 Israeli social workers and social work students. Findings suggest that social justice remains a core value although it is both an organising and disorganising, unifying and dividing concept. The study explores the positive contribution of positionality to help gain a broader understanding of social justice and navigate challenges in implementation, practice and education in diverse and conflicted settings. Practical implications for social work practice and education are discussed.
Modulation of smoke-induced DNA and microRNA alterations in mouse lung by licofelone, a triple COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitor
Authors: Izzotti Alberto , Balansky Roumen , Micale Rosanna T , Pulliero Alessandra , La Maestra Sebastiano , De Flora Silvio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis process and, in particular, in smoking-related carcinogenesis. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents provide an interesting perspective in the prevention of smoking-associated cancers. Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), licofelone is a triple inhibitor of both cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and of 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) that has shown some encouraging results in cancer prevention models. We previously showed that the dietary administration of licofelone, starting after weanling, to Swiss H mice exposed for 4 months to mainstream cigarette smoke since birth attenuated preneoplastic lesions of inflammatory nature in both lung and urinary tract, and had some effects on the yield of lung tumors at 7.5 months of age. The present study aimed at evaluating the early modulation by licofelone of pulmonary DNA and RNA alterations either in smoke-free or smoke-exposed H mice after 10 weeks of exposure. Licofelone protected the mice from the smoke-induced loss of body weight and significantly attenuated smoke-induced nucleotide alterations by decreasing the levels of bulky DNA adducts and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in mouse lung. Moreover, the drug counteracted dysregulation by smoke of several pulmonary microRNAs involved in stress response, inflammation, apoptosis, and oncogene suppression. However, even in smoke-free mice administration of the drug had significant effects on a broad panel of microRNAs and, as assessed in a subset of mice used in a parallel cancer chemoprevention study, licofelone even enhanced the smoke-induced systemic genotoxic damage after 4 months of exposure. Therefore, caution should be paid when administering licofelone to smokers for long periods.
Temporal Characteristics of Priming of Attention Shifts Are Mirrored by BOLD Response Patterns in the Frontoparietal Attention Network
Authors: Brinkhuis Manje A B , Kristjánsson Árni , Harvey Ben M , Brascamp Jan W 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Priming of attention shifts involves the reduction in search RTs that occurs when target location or target features repeat. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural basis of such attentional priming, specifically focusing on its temporal characteristics over trial sequences. We first replicated earlier findings by showing that repetition of target color and of target location from the immediately preceding trial both result in reduced blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in a cortical network that encompasses occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices: lag-1 repetition suppression. While such lag-1 suppression can have a number of explanations, behaviorally, the influence of attentional priming extends further, with the influence of past search trials gradually decaying across multiple subsequent trials. Our results reveal that the same regions within the frontoparietal network that show lag-1 suppression, also show longer term BOLD reductions that diminish over the course of several trial presentations, keeping pace with the decaying behavioral influence of past target properties across trials. This distinct parallel between the across-trial patterns of cortical BOLD and search RT reductions, provides strong evidence that these cortical areas play a key role in attentional priming.
Integrated care: enhancing transition from renal replacement therapy options to home haemodialysis
Authors: Slon Roblero Maria Fernanda , Borman Natalie , Bajo Rubio Maria Auxiliadora 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransition is an intrinsic process in the life of a patient with kidney disease and should be planned and anticipated when possible. A single therapy option might not be adequate across a patient’s entire lifespan and many patients will require a switch in their treatment modality to adapt the treatment to their clinical and psychosocial needs. There are several reasons behind changing a patient’s treatment modality, and the consequences of each decision should be evaluated, considering both short- and long-term benefits and risks. Dialysis modality transition is not only to allow for technical optimization or improved patient survival, the patient’s experience associated with the transition should also be taken into account. Transition should not be considered as treatment failure, but rather as an expected progression in the patient’s treatment options.
Information technology outsourcing and firm productivity: eliminating bias from selective missingness in the dependent variable
Authors: Breunig Christoph , Kummer Michael , Ohnemus Joerg , Viete Steffen 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Missing values are a major problem in all econometric applications based on survey data. A standard approach assumes data are missing at random and uses imputation methods or even listwise deletion. This approach is justified if item nonresponse does not depend on the potentially missing variables’ realization. However, assuming missingness at random may introduce bias if nonresponse is, in fact, selective. Relevant applications range from financial or strategic firm-level data to individual-level data on income or privacy-sensitive behaviors. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to deal with selective item nonresponse in the model’s dependent variable. Our approach is based on instrumental variables that affect selection only through a partially observed outcome variable. In addition, we allow for endogenous regressors. We establish identification of the structural parameter and propose a simple two-step estimation procedure for it. Our estimator is consistent and robust against biases that would prevail when assuming missingness at random. We implement the estimation procedure using firm-level survey data and a binary instrumental variable to estimate the effect of outsourcing on productivity.
Acute manganese treatment restores defective autophagic cargo loading in Huntington’s disease cell lines
Authors: Bryan Miles R , O’Brien Michael T , Nordham Kristen D , Rose Daniel I R , Foshage Audra M , Joshi Piyush , Nitin Rachana , Uhouse Michael A , Di Pardo Alba , Zhang Ziyan , Maglione Vittorio , Aschner Michael , Bowman Aaron B 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe molecular etiology linking the pathogenic mutations in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene with Huntington’s disease (HD) is unknown. Prior work suggests a role for Htt in neuronal autophagic function and mutant HTT protein disrupts autophagic cargo loading. Reductions in the bioavailability of the essential metal manganese (Mn) are seen in models of HD. Excess cellular Mn impacts autophagic function, but the target and molecular basis of these changes are unknown. Thus, we sought to determine if changes in cellular Mn status impact autophagic processes in a wild-type or mutant Htt-dependent manner. We report that the HD genotype is associated with reduced Mn-induced autophagy and that acute Mn exposure increases autophagosome induction/formation. To determine if a deficit in bioavailable Mn is mechanistically linked to the autophagy-related HD cellular phenotypes, we examined autophagosomes by electron microscopy. We observed that a 24 h 100 uM Mn restoration treatment protocol attenuated an established HD ‘cargo-recognition failure’ in the STHdh HD model cells by increasing the percentage of filled autophagosomes. Mn restoration had no effect on HTT aggregate number, but a 72 h co-treatment with chloroquine (CQ) in GFP-72Q-expressing HEK293 cells increased the number of visible aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. As CQ prevents autophagic degradation this indicates that Mn restoration in HD cell models facilitates incorporation of aggregates into autophagosomes. Together, these findings suggest that defective Mn homeostasis in HD models is upstream of the impaired autophagic flux and provide proof-of-principle support for increasing bioavailable Mn in HD to restore autophagic function and promote aggregate clearance.
Analysis and description of burrow structure in four species of freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae) using photogrammetry to recreate casts as 3D models
Authors: Florey Cassidy L , Moore Paul A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFreshwater crayfishes use burrows for predator avoidance, desiccation prevention, foraging, and brood care. Based on their burrow ecology, crayfishes can be categorized as tertiary, secondary, or primary burrowers, with primary burrowers being semi-terrestrial and highly dependent on burrows for survival; secondary and tertiary burrowers have decreased burrow dependence and complexity. There has been limited investigation into the specifics of burrow structure. We investigated the factors that influence the structure of crayfish burrows including habitat structure and crayfish through the use of burrow casting and photogrammetry to recreate casts as 3D models. Examined species include the primary burrowing Lacunicambarus aff. diogenesGirard, 1852 and Creaserinus fodiens (Cottle, 1863), and the tertiary burrowing Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852) and Faxonius propinquus (Girard, 1852). Crayfish burrows (N = 17) were filled with polyester resin and cured burrow casts were excavated, and photogrammetry was used to recreate casts as 3D models. Burrow depth, number and widths of openings, number and widths of chambers, and number of ancillary tunnels were recorded. Differences in burrow features were analyzed by field site/habitat and crayfish species using stepwise linear regression, MANOVAs, and multiple factor analysis (MFA). From stepwise linear regression, “species” was a better predictor than “habitat of burrow structure.” Burrows constructed by L. aff. diogenes were significantly larger and have more chambers than burrows constructed by the other species examined; burrows of C. fodiens were significantly deeper than those of tertiary burrowers. Each species also created a stereotyped burrow shape. The morphometric differences between burrows of primary and tertiary species illustrate the relevance of these informal classifications. Differences between primary and tertiary species may be related to the species social behavior and ecology.
Using Ancestry-Informative SNPs to Quantify Introgression of European Alleles into North American Red Foxes
Authors: Kuo Yi Hung , Vanderzwan Stevi L , Kasprowicz Adrienne E , Sacks Benjamin N 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA recent study demonstrated that British red foxes introduced to the mid-Atlantic coastal plain (ACP) of the eastern United States during the late 18th century successfully interbred with indigenous American red foxes despite half a million year’s divergence. However, a large disparity in frequency of European mitochondria (27%) versus Y chromosomes (1%) left unclear the magnitude of genetic exchange. We sought to quantify genomic introgression using 35 autosomal and 5 X-chromosome ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) in conjunction with diagnostic Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) markers to characterize the modern state of red foxes in the eastern United States and to gain insight into the potential role of reproductive barriers. European admixture was highest in the ACP and apparently restricted to the central eastern United States. We estimated only slightly (and nonsignificantly) European ancestry in autosomal than X-chromosome markers. European ancestry from autosomal and X-chromosome markers (36.4%) was higher than the corresponding mitochondrial (mt) DNA estimate (26.4%) in the ACP. Only 1 of 124 males (&lt;1%) in the ACP had European Y chromosomes, which was similar to the neighboring regions, in which 2 of 99 (2%) males carried a European Y chromosome (the same haplotype). Although we could not rule out drift as the cause of low European Y-chromosome frequency, results were also consistent with F1 male infertility. In the future, more extensive genomic sequencing will enable a more thorough investigation of possible barrier genes on the X chromosome as well as throughout the genome.
A Gaia view of the two OB associations Cygnus OB2 and Carina OB1: the signature of their formation process
Authors: Lim Beomdu , Nazé Yaël , Gosset Eric , Rauw Gregor 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
OB associations are the prime star-forming sites in galaxies. However, the detailed formation process of such stellar systems still remains a mystery. In this context, identifying the presence of substructures may help in tracing the footprints of their formation process. Here, we present a kinematic study of the two massive OB associations Cygnus OB2 and Carina OB1 using the precise astrometry from the Gaia Data Release 2 and radial velocities. From the parallaxes of stars, these OB associations are confirmed to be genuine stellar systems. Both Cygnus OB2 and Carina OB1 are composed of a few dense clusters and a halo which have different kinematic properties: the clusters occupy regions of 5–8 parsecs in diameter and display small dispersions in proper motion, while the haloes spread over tens of parsecs with two to three times larger dispersions in proper motion. This is reminiscent of the so-called line width–size relation of molecular clouds related to turbulence. Considering that the kinematics and structural features were inherited from those of their natal clouds would then imply that the formation of OB associations may result from structure formation driven by supersonic turbulence, rather than from the dynamical evolution of individual embedded clusters.