bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA A IDOSOS PORTADORES DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NO ÂMBITO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Ferreira Júnior Edimar , Mariz Batista Almária 
Published: July 2018

Atenção Farmacêutica constitui a prática farmacêutica desenvolvida no contexto da Assistência Farmacêutica, compreendendo atitudes, valores éticos, comportamentos, habilidades, compromissos e co-responsabilidades na prevenção de doenças, promoção e recuperação da saúde, de forma integrada à equipe de saúde. Tem foco no usuário do medicamento, na educação em saúde, na orientação farmacêutica, no registro sistemático de atividades, mensuração e avaliação de resultados, na busca da resposta satisfatória à terapêutica farmacológica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura pertinente à Atenção Farmacêutica no contexto de idosos portadores de doenças crônicas atendidos pela atenção primária à saúde. Trata-se de revisão bibliográfica realizada nas bases de dados NCBI (via Pubmed), Web of Science, Scopus e LILACS. Sem a atuação do farmacêutico, o medicamento e o cuidado relacionado ao seu uso apresentam-se desordenados e desqualificados no âmbito do SUS. Há problemas significativos em todos os pontos envolvendo a farmacoterapia, como adesão, polifarmacoterapia, automedicação, problemas relacionadosa medicamentos e interações medicamentosas. A Atenção Farmacêutica no contexto de problemas de saúde em idosos é essencial para o fortalecimento da adesão ao tratamento, redução dos gastos, promoção do uso racional dos medicamentos, redução dos problemas relacionados aos medicamentos, informações sobre a doença e seus agravos.
Key Features of the Activity of Tourism Firms within the Russian Federation. The Financial Aspect
Authors: BERESNEV Dmitrii Nikolaevich , FILIMONOVA Nadezhda Nikolaevna , VERSHININA Olga Vasil'evna , KUVSHINOVA Yuliya Aleksandrovna , MOSKVITI Gennadii Ivanovich 
Published: July 2018

The research reported in this paper owes its relevance to the fact that tourism appears today to be a rather promising sector within the economy of the most nations around the world. In Russia, the influence of the tourism industry on the nation’s economy is not yet widely visible, with tourism being funded only residually. The nation’s failure to ensure the proper operation of its tourism industry costs it billions in missed revenue, which could otherwise fill the state’s budget based on increases in tourism flows. Despite its tremendous tourism potential, the nation remains quite a modest player in the global tourism market.
To enable the sector to develop further and help maximize the nation’s wealth, it is worth, on the one hand, ensuring sufficient funding for it. Some of the key objectives in the area include creating the actual tourism product, developing the nation’s market for tourism services, enhancing the market’s infrastructure, boosting the quality of services, and promoting internal and foreign tourism. On the other hand, a critical issue is the caliber of financial business activity by the actual organization, its compliance with tax and any other legislation, and its conformance to all economic/legal requirements prescribed both by the Russian Federation constituent where it operates and by the federal government as a whole.
Species diversity of fungi on damaged branches and leaves of ashes (Fraxinus spp.) in different types of stands in Slovakia
Authors: Pastirčáková Katarína , Ivanová Helena , Pastirčák Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The diversity of fungi on branches and leaves of ashes (Fraxinus angustifolia, F. excelsior, F. ornus) in Slovakia was studied. Symptomatic material collected in Slovakia during the period of 2013 to 2017 and herbarium specimens previously collected were examined. In total, 30 fungal taxa (15 Deuteromycetes, 14 Ascomycetes and one Basidiomycetes) were recorded. Twenty-three of them have never been recorded on ashes in the country. The most frequently occurring fungi were Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) that causes necrosis of shoots and branches, and Phyllactinia fraxini, a foliar pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease. Fungal diversity on ashes growing in different types of stands was compared. Species richness was the greatest in seed orchards (20 fungal taxa) compared to private gardens, which contained the lowest (two fungal taxa). Species diversity in forest stands comprised 18 fungal taxa and the urban greenery was represented by 10 fungal taxa. Nine fungal taxa were recorded in tree alley along the road. The widest fungal species spectrum was recorded on F. excelsior.
Illness Severity of Children Admitted to the PICU From Referring Emergency Departments
Authors: Evans Jacqueline M. , Dayal Parul , Hallam Douglas L. , Natale JoAnne E. , Kodali Pranav , Sauers-Ford Hadley S. , Marcin James P. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:To compare patient factors and outcomes among children admitted to PICUs from referring versus children’s hospital emergency departments (EDs).METHODS:Pediatric patients (&lt;19 years old) admitted to PICUs from referring and children’s hospital EDs from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2013. We compared demographic and clinical factors, including severity of illness as measured by a recalibrated Pediatric Index of Mortality, version 2 score.RESULTS:Of 80 045 children from 109 PICUs, 35.6% were admitted from referring EDs and 64.4% were admitted from children’s hospital EDs. Children from referring EDs had higher illness severity (Pediatric Index of Mortality, version 2–predicted risk of mortality, 3.1% vs 2.2%, P &lt; .001), were more likely to be mechanically ventilated within their first hour in the PICU (28.4% vs 23.4%, P &lt; .001), and had higher observed mortality (3.3% vs 2.1%, P &lt; .001). Once adjusted for illness severity and other confounders in a multivariable logistic regression model, there was no difference in the odds of mortality between children from referring and children’s hospital EDs (odds ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.79 to 1.02, P = .09)CONCLUSIONS:Children transferred to PICUs from referring EDs had higher illness severity on arrival compared with children admitted from children’s hospital EDs. Variations in patient selection for transfer or pretransfer treatment at referring EDs may contribute to the greater illness severity of transferred children. Referring hospitals may benefit from leveraging existing resources to improve patient stabilization before transfer.
Time to Pathogen Detection for Non-ill Versus Ill-Appearing Infants ≤60 Days Old With Bacteremia and Meningitis
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Wang Marie E. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Shah Samir S. , Desai Sanyukta , Pruitt Christopher M. , Balamuth Fran , Sartori Laura , Marble Richard D. , Rooholamini Sahar N. , Leazer Rianna C. , Woll Christopher , DePorre Adrienne G. , Neuman Mark I. ,   for the Febrile Young Infant Research Collaborative
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:
We sought to determine the time to pathogen detection in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for infants ≤60 days old with bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis and to explore whether time to pathogen detection differed for non–ill-appearing and ill-appearing infants.

METHODS:
We included infants ≤60 days old with bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis evaluated in the emergency departments of 10 children’s hospitals between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2016. The microbiology laboratories at each site were queried to identify infants in whom a bacterial pathogen was isolated from blood and/or CSF. Medical records were then reviewed to confirm the presence of a pathogen and to extract demographic characteristics, clinical appearance, and the time to pathogen detection.

RESULTS:
Among 360 infants with bacteremia, 316 (87.8%) pathogens were detected within 24 hours and 343 (95.3%) within 36 hours. A lower proportion of non–ill-appearing infants with bacteremia had a pathogen detected on blood culture within 24 hours compared with ill-appearing infants (85.0% vs 92.9%, respectively; P = .03). Among 62 infants with bacterial meningitis, 55 (88.7%) pathogens were detected within 24 hours and 59 (95.2%) were detected within 36 hours, with no difference based on ill appearance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among infants ≤60 days old with bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis, pathogens were commonly identified from blood or CSF within 24 and 36 hours. However, clinicians must weigh the potential for missed bacteremia in non–ill-appearing infants discharged within 24 hours against the overall low prevalence of infection.
MORPHOLOGY OF THE SURFACE OF COOKED SAUSAGES MADE WITH THE COLLAGEN-CONTAINING PROTEIN ADDITIVE “BILKOZYNE”
Authors: Pasichnyi V. , Kotliar Ye. , Polumbryk M. , Polumbryk M. , Litvyak V. 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the collagen-based additive Bilkozyne on the texture of cooked sausages. This additive is a food ingredient obtained by partial hydrolysis of a beef skin split. We suggested that Bilkozyne usage in the formulae of meat products will allow reducing production costs and improving the texture of the final product. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) regarded as a unique tool in the comprehensive research of the texture of food products. Prior to that, we had developed a protein stabiliser (PS), based on Bilkozyne and other hydrocolloids, in order to distribute fats uniformly in the protein matrix of mincemeat. The influence of PS on the surface morphology of dried samples of cooked chicken sausages made from the mincemeat has been investigated. The main component (60 %) of the PS was collagen containing the protein Bilkozyne. The PS levels in the cooked sausages were 10 % and 15 %. Qualitative changes of the texture of cooked sausages have been examined by means of high resolution SEM. The following morphological parameters of the samples have been examined: the number of holes per 1000 µm2 of the area of the sample; the average area of the holes, µм2; the holes ellipticity; the average area of the surface without the holes per 1000 µм2 of the area of the sample. It has been shown that adding 10 % of the PS in the hydrated form results in essential improvement of the morphological features of the sausages as compared to those made with non-hydrated PS. It has been found that an increase of the PS in the formulae from 10 % to 15 % has a negative impact on the texture of the final products, causing a significant decrease in the hydration degree of the myofibrillar proteins of the meat’s muscle tissues. Bilkozyne has a positive effect on the distribution of fats and proteins in the mincemeat. This makes it possible not to change the source of fats in cooked sausages. Thus, the inclusion of Bilkozyne into the formula of cooked sausages results not only in the improvement of their texture, but also in the increase of essential amino acids content.
STUDYING THE PROPERTIES OF GRAPE POMACE AS OF AN OBJECT OF DRYING
Authors: Derevenko V. , Kasyanov G. , Pylypenko L. 
Published: July 2018

Grape pomace contains a complex of valuable and biologically active compounds. Drying is one of the main ways of microbiological stabilisation and preservation of the nutritional value of this secondary raw material. Kinetic parameters of dehydration of grape pomace from different industrially cultivated and processed varieties have been studied, namely, of the red grape varieties Cabernet and Shiraz, and of the white varieties Chardonnay and Riesling. Dependences of the moisture content in the process of convective drying at different drying agent rates have been obtained at a regulated temperature of 80 °C. The components of such an important technological parameter as the drying time have been determined. These components include the duration of the constant drying rate period Φ2 and the time of the decreasing drying rate period Φ1 of the two zones of the second drying period. The coefficients of the dehydration process have been calculated depending on the type of grape pomace processing. It has been shown that the discrepancy between the calculated and experimental results does not exceed ±3.9%. The specific features of the moisture yield of the pomace have been revealed, the pomace being viewed as a complex heterogeneous system with colloidal and capillary-porous properties. There are different types of its technological preparation: it can be fresh, frozen, fermented, and this makes for the fact that the drying time and drying rate may differ by 1.32–1.46 times. High preservation of valuable properties of grape pomace has been shown. Thus, the concentration of biologically active substances (BAS) in the total polyphenolic compounds is up to 69% of their initial concentration in the grape pomace samples, and the microbial contamination of the samples after drying is reduced by 51–82% of their initial contamination.
THE RATE OF THE TEMPERATURE DROP IN SWEET PEPPERS AT THE TECHNICAL STAGE OF RIPENESS DURING THEIR COOLING
Authors: Koltunov V. , Kalaida K. , Zabolotna A. , Volkova T. 
Published: July 2018

The leading vegetables in Ukraine are cabbages, cucumbers, tomatoes, sweet peppers, and aubergines. More than 27 million tons of sweet pepper is grown in the world yearly, and only about 161,600 tons of it in Ukraine. However, it takes one of the leading places in vegetable growing, and it is a traditional and the most common type of the vegetable.The article presents the results of research on the rate of the temperature drop in sweet peppers at the technical stage of ripeness during their cooling and warming. Fruits of the sweet pepper of the Sondela variety at the technical stage of ripeness, with a weigh of 375, 208, and 104 g, ripening and harvested at the same time, were taken for the experiments.The studies have shown that the fruit temperature dropped most actively in the first 40–50 minutes of storage, and then the rate of cooling decreased, the decrease starting in the pepper fruit weighing the least. Fruits weighing 104 g, 68 mm in diameter, reached their optimum temperature (0.0°С) in 2 hours. The cooling of peppers weighing 208 g, 80 mm in diameter, was only 10 minutes longer. The temperature of the largest fruits became 0°C after 3 hours 40 min. The enthalpy of the fruits, too, slowed down rapidly. If the rate of the decrease in the enthalpy is the same, it will have a positive effect on maintaining an even temperature of storage of peppers. Besides, it will make it possible to avoid the external sweating caused by an uneven temperature of the fruits. Also, the cooling process is not smooth and uniform: the temperature remains the same for some time, and then it sharply decreases, in percentage terms, between the indices. These processes indicate the resistance of a plant organism to unfavourable temperature conditions of the environment.
MODERN TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION AND STRATEGY OF PROMOTION OF NEW CEREAL PRODUCTS ON UKRAINIAN CONSUMER MARKET
Authors: Mardar M. , Yegorova А. , Ustenko I. , Stateva M. , Cherevaty T. 
Published: July 2018

In the article, based on analysis of the market of dry breakfasts in Ukraine and calculations of the assortment of instant and quick-cooked cereals, which are implemented in trading networks of Odessa and Odessa region, it was established that studied supermarkets can not provide stable, complete and wide assortment of products to fully meet needs of consumers. This means that it is necessary to carry out various measures in the field of forming domestic assortment of instant and quick-cooked cereals and improving its structure. Purpose of work was to develop strategy for launching a new product on the market, namely instant and quick-cooked cereals, on the basis of assortment analysis, mapping of strategic groups and construction of differentiation scale to enhance competition and create useful product advertising. With help of strategic group cards it was discovered that domestic products are poorly represented in such segments as a wide assortment at low prices and average latitude of assortment at low prices, therefore these segments can be considered as strategic for domestic instant and quick-cooked cereals producers. Based on construction of differentiation scale by trademarks of instant and quick-cooked cereals, it has been established that strategy of promotion in creating useful advertising to increase the competition of new products by means of differentiation can become emotional and social motives that are not used or very little used by competitors: originality, fashion, trendset, morality, sexual attractiveness, fear, revenge, status, socialization, self-realization, freedom, invovement, co-creation. Obtained results indicate that market for consumption of instant and quick-cooked cereals in Ukraine is sufficiently "young", demand for this kind of products is constantly growing, therefore the development and implementation into production of high-quality instant and quick-cooked cereals and expansion of its range is very relevant. The article also proposes and improves the technology of production of cereal extrudates with high nutritional value based on different kinds of cereal crops and vegetable raw materials. A substantial expansion of the range of products of instant and fast cereals in the form of flakes, muesli, granola, couscous based on a mixture of extruded flour and grains of extrudates has been proposed.
DETERMINING THE MODES OF TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN THE PRODUCTION OF EINKORN WHEAT BREAD MADE OF FROZEN DOUGH AND ENRICHED WITH JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE FLOUR
Authors: Stankova N. , Gogova T. , Paramonenko L. 
Published: July 2018

Einkorn wheat is a grain crop characterized by the ability not to accumulate heavy metals from the soil. Besides, it is rich in selenium. Jerusalem artichoke is rich in inulin. From the combination of these two types of flour (einkorn wheat and Jerusalem artichoke), bread can be produced for people for who suffer from type 2 diabetes. It is proved that consuming bread enriched with Jerusalem artichoke for two months every day significantly reduces the glycaemic index of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. To provide these patients systematically with fresh bread, the bread dough freezing technique is suggested. We have studied how the storage time of dough enriched with a flour mix (100 % einkorn wheat flour and Jerusalem artichoke flour) in the frozen state influence the modes of the main technological operations in the production of bread made of frozen dough, namely, defrosting, the time of increasing the temperature of the dough up to the operational level, the duration of the final fermentation and of baking. It has been established that the storage time of the dough in the frozen state reduces the duration of defrosting (which differs by 91 min. from that of the reference sample). However, there is a reverse effect, too, for the rise of the temperature of the dough to the operational level and for the final fermentation. The duration of the two above-mentioned operations is determined simultaneously. It is 5 min. more, compared with the reference sample. It has been established that the storage time of frozen dough does not affect the duration of baking. By the organoleptic indicators, the bread from the frozen dough is very similar to the reference sample.
Pedagogical Agents: Back to the Future
Authors: Johnson W. Lewis , Lester James C. 
Published: July 2018

Back in the 1990s, we started work on pedagogical agents — a novel paradigm for interactive learning. Pedagogical agents are autonomous characters that inhabit learning environments to engage with learners in rich, face‐to‐face interactions. Building on this work, in 2000, together with our colleague Jeff Rickel, we published an article on pedagogical agents (Johnson, Rickel, and Lester 2000) that surveyed and discussed the potential of this new paradigm. We made the case that pedagogical agents that interact with learners in natural, lifelike ways can help learning environments achieve improved learning outcomes. This article has been widely cited, and was a winner of the 2017 IFAAMAS Award for Influential Papers in Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems.1On the occasion of receiving the IFAAMAS award, and after 20 years of work on pedagogical agents, we take another look at the future of the field. We start by revisiting the predictions we made in 2000 for pedagogical agents, and examine which predictions panned out. Then, informed by what we have learned since then, we take another look at emerging trends and reexamine the future of pedagogical agents. Advances in natural language dialogue, affective computing, machine learning, virtual environments, and robotics are making possible even more lifelike and effective pedagogical agents, with potentially profound effects on the way people learn.
Parental Criminal Responsibility for the Misconduct of Their Children: A Consideration
Authors: Van der Bijl Charnelle 
Published: July 2018

This contribution examines parental criminal responsibility for the delinquent acts of their children. As South African law has been swayed by legal philosophy of Anglo-American jurisprudence, a comparative analysis is undertaken with the United States of America, where this issue has been addressed legislatively in both civil tort law and criminal law. The reasoning behind the implementation of specific legislation in the United States is that the common law principles are rooted on the principles of individualisation, which does not specifically cater for parental liability. Parental responsibility laws have been challenged constitutionally over the years in the United States. Critics are of the view that such laws interfere with the rights of parents to raise their children and are a form of cruel punishment. Additional criticism raised is that parental responsibility laws impose strict liability on parents. Furthermore, some misgivings have been shed that many parents face challenges of being single parents or poverty, which will be exacerbated with the imposition of fines or imprisonment for the misconduct of their children. Despite these concerns and criticism, it will be shown that these laws have withstood the challenges over many decades, in the United States, in both the fields of the law of tort and criminal law. The common law of tort provides for the liability of parents for the conduct of their child. However, such conduct must be specifically attributable to a parent’s action or inaction. The purpose behind tort parental responsibility legislation focuses not only on providing monetary compensation by parents where their children are unable to do so, but also aims to encourage parents to provide better supervision of their children. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the focus of statutory criminalisation tends to remain on criminal liability of parents for failing to protect others from their child, due to a failure in supervision and to prevent juvenile delinquency. The South African law of delict is briefly contiguously considered in the context of parental responsibility laws. The concept of parental criminal responsibility laws under South African law is then considered and proffered as a useful mechanism to regulate misconduct of children currently falling outside the aegis of the criminal law.