bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors—A retrospective analysis of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe
Authors: Kube Stefanie , Vokuhl Christian , Dantonello Tobias , Scheer Monika , Hallmen Erika , Feuchtgruber Simone , Escherich Gabriele , Niggli Felix , Kuehnle Ingrid , von Kalle Thekla , Bielack Stefan , Klingebiel Thomas , Koscielniak Ewa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are a rare subgroup of soft tissue tumors. The outcome of patients with IMT has been reported as favorable when the tumor is completely resected. If surgical resection is not possible, systemic therapy has to be considered. However, the best systemic treatment and response rates are currently unclear.MethodsThirty‐eight patients under the age of 21, who were registered between 2000 and 2014 with a primary diagnosis of IMT, were analyzed.ResultsIMT was typically localized intra‐abdominally or in the pelvis. In 20 patients, the tumor was resected without further therapy; 17 patients were in complete remission at last evaluation and two patients were in partial remission. Eighteen patients received systemic therapy, 15 of whom had macroscopically incomplete resection. Systemic therapy most commonly consisted of regimens with dactinomycin, ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide, and vincristine, with or without doxorubicin, and it seemed to reduce tumor extension in individual cases. Five‐year event‐free survival was 74 ± 14% and 5‐year overall survival was 91 ± 10% for all patients. The patients who died due to the disease were those with incomplete resection (n = 3).ConclusionsSurgery without further systemic therapy was a feasible and acceptable therapeutic option for every second patient with IMT. Standard chemotherapy for pediatric soft tissue sarcoma produced favorable results in individual cases and was able to shrink the tumor enough to enable resection. Superior efficacy of new targeted therapies such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐inhibitors compared to standard chemotherapy has to be proven in the future.
Medicanes as subtropical cyclones: the December 2005 case from the perspective of surface pressure tendency diagnostics and atmospheric water budget
Authors: Fita Lluís , Flaounas Emmanouil 
Published: February 2018

Mediterranean cyclones with tropical‐like characteristics such as spiral cloud coverage and a central cloud‐free “eye” are referred to as medicanes. These systems have been analyzed due to their relation with high‐impact weather. In previous studies, the identification of medicanes has been typically performed subjectively, using satellite pictures, but also objectively through three‐dimensional diagnosis of a warm core and an axisymmetric structure. Despite the presence of these characteristics, it is still unclear if medicanes show dynamical similarities with tropical cyclones.We analyse the (thermo‐)dynamics of a recognized medicane that occurred in December 2005 by applying different diagnostics to a high‐resolution simulation. These diagnostics are focused on the intensification, dynamical structure and water budget of this representative case, aiming to highlight extratropical and tropical cyclone characteristics.Three stages in the medicane life cycle are identified. In stage I, a potential vorticity (PV) streamer reaches the Mediterranean, triggering deep convection and deepening the medicane's central surface pressure due to diabatic heating. When the lowest central pressure is reached (stage II), the medicane presents a warm core and an axisymmetric structure. However, convection is rather weak and the PV streamer evolves into a cut‐off system which contributes to the deepening of the medicane's surface pressure. Finally, stage III corresponds to the decay phase where the medicane tends to weaken and lose its axisymmetric structure.Our results highlight the detrimental role of deep convection prior to the mature stage of the medicane, as well as the possibility of positive or negative feedback of upper‐tropospheric dynamics on the central surface pressure. In addition, we show that the medicane warm core might be achieved due to front seclusion, while the “eye” formation is associated with dry air intrusions. Our analysis suggests that medicanes are hybrid systems combining characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones and thus they plausibly correspond to subtropical cyclones.
Automated diagnosis of colon cancer using hyperspectral sensing
Authors: Beaulieu Robert J. , Goldstein Seth D. , Singh Jasvinder , Safar Bashar , Banerjee Amit , Ahuja Nita 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurgical management of colorectal cancer relies on accurate identification of tumor and possible metastatic disease. Hyperspectral (HS) sensing is a passive, non‐ionizing diagnostic method that has been considered for multiple tumor types. The ability to use HS for identification of tumor specimens during surgical resection of colorectal cancers was explored.MethodsPatients with colorectal cancer who underwent operative resection were enrolled. HS measurements were performed both intra‐ and extra‐luminally. Spectral results were correlated with pathologic evaluation.ResultsFifteen patient specimens were analyzed. For patients with confirmed colorectal cancer, extraluminal spectra analysis yielded 61.68% sensitivity with 90% specificity. For intraluminal specimens, sensitivity increased to 91.97% with 90% specificity.ConclusionsHyperspectral sensing can reliably detect tumors in resected colon specimens. This research offers promising results for a diagnostic technology that is non‐ionizing and does not require the use of contrast agents to achieve accurate colorectal cancer detection.
A 0.2 V Micro‐Electromechanical Switch Enabled by a Phase Transition
Authors: Dong Kaichen , Choe Hwan Sung , Wang Xi , Liu Huili , Saha Bivas , Ko Changhyun , Deng Yang , Tom Kyle B. , Lou Shuai , Wang Letian , Grigoropoulos Costas P. , You Zheng , Yao Jie , Wu Junqiao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicro‐electromechanical (MEM) switches, with advantages such as quasi‐zero leakage current, emerge as attractive candidates for overcoming the physical limits of complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. To practically integrate MEM switches into CMOS circuits, two major challenges must be addressed: sub 1 V operating voltage to match the voltage levels in current circuit systems and being able to deliver at least millions of operating cycles. However, existing sub 1 V mechanical switches are mostly subject to significant body bias and/or limited lifetimes, thus failing to meet both limitations simultaneously. Here 0.2 V MEM switching devices with ≳106 safe operating cycles in ambient air are reported, which achieve the lowest operating voltage in mechanical switches without body bias reported to date. The ultralow operating voltage is mainly enabled by the abrupt phase transition of nanolayered vanadium dioxide (VO2) slightly above room temperature. The phase‐transition MEM switches open possibilities for sub 1 V hybrid integrated devices/circuits/systems, as well as ultralow power consumption sensors for Internet of Things applications.
Egg Viability and Egg‐to‐Fry Survival of Captive‐Reared Chinook Salmon Released to Spawn Naturally
Authors: Stark Eric J. , Vidergar Dmitri T. , Kozfkay Christine C. , Kline Paul A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConservation hatchery strategies for anadromous salmonids are designed to boost depressed wild populations while conserving genetic resources. Captive rearing is an approach in which eggs or juveniles are collected from wild fish, taken into a hatchery and reared to maturation, and then released to spawn. In this study, we quantified spawn timing and redd production for captive‐reared and wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and measured survival of eggs to the eyed stage of development (egg viability) and from egg to fry. The study objective was to determine whether there was a difference in egg viability and egg‐to‐fry survival between captive‐reared and wild Chinook Salmon that spawned in the wild. During 2007–2009, 90 redds were sampled in the East Fork Salmon River, Idaho; 45 of captive‐origin salmon and 45 of wild origin. Egg viability was significantly lower for captive‐reared fish (75.0%) than for their wild counterparts (95.6%). The overall mean egg‐to‐fry survival for captive‐reared fish was quite high (80.4%), and although it was significantly lower than that for wild fish (84.0%), biologically this survival difference was not large. While others have estimated the egg‐to‐fry survival of production hatchery Chinook Salmon in the wild, it had not previously been estimated for captive‐reared fish released to spawn. Through the use of novel techniques such as hydraulic pumping and egg capsules, we were able to successfully estimate egg viability and egg‐to‐fry survival of captive‐reared and wild Chinook Salmon spawning in the wild. Although egg viability and egg‐to‐fry survival of captive‐reared fish was lower than for their wild counterparts, both survival rates may be sufficient to provide a demographic benefit to the receiving wild population.
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Survival Analysis and Evaluation of Mutation‐Specific Immunohistochemistry in Detection of Sporadic Disease
Authors: Jayakody S. , Reagh J. , Bullock M. , Aniss A. , Clifton‐Bligh R. , Learoyd D. , Robinson B. , Delbridge L. , Sidhu S. , Gill A. J. , Sywak M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionMedullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare tumour of neuroendocrine origin with a more aggressive profile than differentiated thyroid cancer. Familial cases of MTC are associated with RET mutations whilst RAS mutations appear to be a frequent finding in RET negative tumours. The aims of this study were to analyse survival outcomes in MTC and to evaluate the role of RAS immunohistochemistry in the identification of sporadic disease.Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with MTC was undertaken. The primary outcome measures were overall survival and disease‐free survival. Survival analysis was performed on the basis of sporadic and familial disease. Patients had routine RET testing using the capillary (Sanger) sequencing method. Histopathological MTC slides from 100 patients were tested for HRASQ61R, a common somatic RAS mutation in MTC, with mutation‐specific immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsA total of 195 patients had surgical treatment of MTC in the period 1980 to 2016. There were 83 males and 112 females with a mean age of 53.0 years. A total of 39 (20%) patients had familial disease. Sporadic cases had a higher median pre‐op calcitonin (969.5 vs. 257.5 pg/ml), greater mean primary tumour size (23.5 vs. 12.5 mm) and more distant metastases (12.8 vs. 10.3%). Multivariate analysis showed age (p = 0.005), Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2) status (p = 0.021) and distant metastasis (p = 0.002) to be significant independent predictors of survival. Significant independent predictors for disease‐free survival were age (p = 0.015), MEN2 (p = 0.002), pre‐op calcitonin (p = 0.033) and venous invasion (p = 0.001). The overall 5‐year survival was 100% for familial MTC and 78% for sporadic MTC. The 10‐year disease‐free survival was 94% for familial MTC and 61% for sporadic cases. A total of 100 cases of MTC underwent mutation‐specific IHC for HRASQ61R. Of these, 18 had confirmed MEN2. IHC had 100% specificity in excluding MEN2. Twelve (12%) of 100 patients stained positive for HRASQ61R mutation.ConclusionIn the era of genetic testing, RET status significantly influences disease‐specific survival in MTC. Mutation‐specific IHC for HRASQ61R may have a role in the identification of patients presenting with sporadic disease.
A Petrological and Geochemical Account of Subsurface Noritic Intrusion in the Western Part of Bundelkhand Massif, Shivpuri District, M.P.
Authors: Roy Madhuparna , Pandey Pradeep , Kumar Shailendra , Singh R. P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Subsurface exploration for uranium in the northwestern part of Bundelkhand massif, near Khor area, Shivpuri dist., M.P., resulted in intercepting a substantial thickness of mafic rock within Bundelkhand granitoid. Intercepts of this mafic rock at various levels in the boreholes, indicate that the rock mainly occurs as dyke-like intrusion and fracture-fills within Bundelkhand granite. It is essentially composed of hypersthene and plagioclase, with or without olivine, leading to the characterisation as hypersthene microdolerite, noritic dolerite and norite (±olivine), depending on the grainsize and variation from intergranular to ophitic texture. Chemically, the rock is characterised by av. 49.09% SiO2, 2.46%TiO2, 2.33 Fe2O3, 9.45% FeO, 5.75% MgO, 8.37% CaO and 0.96% K2O. The normative composition ranges from 3.53% quartz, 46.86% plagioclase, 12.58% diopside, 19.24% hypersthene. The olivine normative samples show av. 5.65% olivine. Geochemical plots indicate an intra-plate affinity along with oceanic signature, while presence of mineralogical and normative olivine, together with the REE pattern, point towards a lower crustal or mantle source. The mineralogical and normative presence of either quartz or olivine in these mafic rocks implies that it has an intermediate character between the tholeiitic dolerite dykes and the komatiite-type ultramafics reported from Bundelkhand craton. The complex geochemical signature of the rocks also reveals that both intra-continental as well as a mixture of oceanic-to upper mantle signatures are evident. The present study is a first time report of the occurrence of this hitherto unknown noritic body at depth within the Bundelkhand granite, which has no visible surface expression. The findings may strengthen the existing concept of a continuum between Rajasthan craton in the west and Bundelkhand craton in the east, as a single proto-continent.
Moment Tensor Solutions of some Selected Local Events: Implications towards the Present-day Tectonics of the Kachchh Rift zone
Authors: Singh Bhoopendra , Mandal Prantik 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The Kachchh rift zone of the northwestern India lies near to the India–Arabia and the India–Eurasia plate boundaries, which has experienced many devastating earthquakes in the past, namely the 1819 Allah Bund earthquake, the 1956 Anjar earthquake and the 2001 Bhuj earthquake. These earthquakes claimed the lives of about 17,000 people. To understand the current seismo-tectonic scenario, moment tensor inversion on the broadband data of fourteen Kachchh events of Mw 3.5-4.6 (during 2009-2015) from 5-12 three-component seismograph stations of the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad, India was applied. Here deviatoric moment tensor inversion of multiple point sources (10–20s) for regional (or local) earthquakes, developed by Zahradnik et al. (2005) was used. The study reveals that modeled focal mechanisms range between reverse and normal oblique strike-slip while no pure normal dip-slip mechanism is found. However, only four out of fourteen events show oblique normal faulting with a minor strike-slip component. Thus, the modeling proposed in this study suggests that the oblique-reverse strike-slip, reverse and strike-slip type focal mechanisms are found to be dominant in the Kachchh rift zone. This observation indicates that the region is presently under compression.
Analyses of Aeromagnetic Data to Delineate Basement Structures and Reveal Buried Igneous Bodies in Kaladgi Basin, Karnataka
Authors: Sridhar M. , Markandeyulu A. , Chawla A. S. , Chaturvedi A. K. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Aeromagnetic data overcome constrain of inadequate exposures and provide signatures of bodies beneath sediment cover. Present work on analysis of aeromagnetic data over western part of Kaladgi basin provided insight into the basement structures and their role in basin evolution. In the study area, the NW-SE and NE-SW are the major trends of magnetic lineament followed by E-W and N-S trends. Archean to Paleoproterozoic basement is manifested by two structural zones, NW-SE trends related to major lineaments within the basement and the NE-SW trends presumed intra-basinal fault systems which controlled the local depressions. The basin configuration deduced from depth to basement show that the Kaladgi basin is an open deep basin and divided into several sub-basins, separated by fault-controlled NE-SW and NW-SE oriented basement ridges. An intriguing find in the western part are the numerous scattered smaller-scale, circular or semicircular, distinct magnetic anomalies of moderate to strong magnetic signal with strong remenance. Analyses coupled with 3D inversions in combination with sub-surface probing reveal in-homogeneities within basement gneisses and supracrustal rocks of the Kaladgi basin, Dharwar craton. 3D inversions of these circular bodies, suggest that they are apophyses of the intrusions or alternatively as younger intrusive stocks. Sub-surface probing by boreholes over circular bodies revealed leucocratic granite with porphyritic texture emplaced as intrusive within the Chitradurga metasediments. This implies that these intrusives are post-Chitradurga schist and pre Badami sediments as they have not affected the latter. However, they can be presumed to be coeval to potassic granites, which intrude the eastern part of the western Dharwar craton in southern India, until geochronological data are available.
Palaeoenvironmental Significance of Ichnofossil Assemblages from the Paleogene Sediments of Inner Fold Belt, Naga Hills, NE India
Authors: Khalo Ajano , Pandey Nagendra 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Paleogene sediments of the inner fold belt, Naga hills, have very well preserved ichnofossils. 16 ichnospecies have been documented among 13 ichnogenera such as Arenicolites isp., Chondrites targionii, Cylindrichnus isp., Diplocraterion parallelum, Gyrochorte isp., Ophiomorpha annulata, O. irregulaire, O. nodosa, O. rudis, Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites beverleyensis, Scolicia palaeobullia, Skolithos linearis, Trypinites weisei, Thalassinoides horizontalis and Zoophycos isp. The ichnofossil assemblages comprise mostly domichnia and fodinichnia benthos of the Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies. A shallow marine nearshore to offshore marine environment with fluctuating energy condition has been envisaged.
Engineering Geological and Geotechnical Investigations for a Pump House Complex Site — a Case Study from Lift Irrigation Scheme
Authors: Naithani A. K. , Singh L. G. , Jain Prasnna , Rawat D. S. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
For the deep underground pump house complex engineering geological and geotechnical investigations were carried out. The area was investigated through detailed engineering geological mapping, exploratory drilling, in-situ stress measurements and laboratory testing. Surface mapping was done on 1:500 scales with 0.5 m contour interval and drill holes logging was done on 1:100 scale. The rock mass properties, i.e. joint sets, weathering grade, RQD etc. of the rock masses to be encountered during the excavation of cavities have been analyzed in detail. Core samples from the exploratory drill holes drilled at the surge pool and pump house area were tested for physico-mechanical properties of rocks in the laboratory. To evaluate the stress regime at the proposed underground pump house complex area, stress measurements were carried out by hydrofracturing method inside the borehole. The mapping details indicated that cavities will be excavated through fresh, coarse to very coarse grained, hard and jointed granites. The average depth recorded of fresh rock from the surface was 15.7 m. The uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass range from 221 to 246 MPa. The orientation of the long axis of the cavities recommended is N150°. Classification of rock mass using Tunnelling Quality Index Q is attempted and the values are range from 3.58 to 16.40.
Rock Mass Characterization and Support Assessment along Power Tunnel of Hydropower in Kohistan Area, KPK, Pakistan
Authors: Akram Mian Sohail , Zeeshan Muhammad 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
This paper encompasses the engineering geological properties of rock mass along the power tunnel of hydropower in Kohistan, Khayber Pakhtun Khawa (KPK), Pakistan. The major geological units of the study area are Chilas complex (CC) and Gilgit complex (GC) that consists mostly of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Discontinuity surveys were conducted to classify the rock mass by utilizing rock mass rating (RMR) and tunneling quality index (Q) classification systems. RMR system involves collection of data for parameters of rock strength, RQD, spacing of discontinuities, condition of discontinuities, groundwater condition and Q system involves rock quality designation (RQD), joint roughness (Jr), joint sets (Js), joint alteration (Ja), stress reduction factor (SRF) and joint water reduction (Jw). RMR values ranges from 46 to 66 (fair to good) for rock unit of Chilas complex (CC) and 50 to 58 (fair) for rock unit of Gilgit complex (GC). The evaluated values of tunnel quality by Q-system are 1.55 to 6.4 (poor to fair) for Chilas complex (CC) and 1.35 to 1.84 (poor) for Gilgit complex (GC). The required support along the tunnel route is also estimated by both classification systems. Unwedge program is used to analyze the unstable zones due to the intersection of different joint sets. Total 14 cases are analyzed in Unwedge from which 3 cases have failure potential with FOS less than 1. These failure potential blocks can become stable by applying further support of rock bolting and shotcrete layer.
Functional response of Quercus robur L. to taproot pruning: a 5-year case study
Authors: Mucha Joanna , Jagodziński Andrzej M. , Bułaj Bartosz , Łakomy Piotr , Talaśka Adrian M. , Oleksyn Jacek , Zadworny Marcin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Key message
Quercus roburseedling mass was affected more by planting density than by taproot pruning. Root pruning enhanced stem biomass at the expense of roots in later growth stages. Alteration of biomass allocation due to nursery practices may result in greater susceptibility to injury and death of the seedlings under unfavorable environmental conditions.

Context
Plants adjust their growth and modulate the resource allocation in response to applied treatments and environmental conditions.

Aims
The aim was to examine how taproot pruning in seedlings grown at different densities affected long-term growth of Quercus robur.

Methods
Seedlings, sown as acorns at two planting densities, with or without pruned roots were harvested in the second, fourth, and fifth years of growth. The effect of root pruning on biomass allocation was determined by measuring leaf, stem, and root mass fractions; carbohydrate concentrations in the roots; and C/N ratios. Specific leaf area and root length were also determined to assess morphological adaptations to growth conditions.

Results
Total seedling mass was affected more by planting density than by taproot pruning. After 4 years of growth, root mass fractions were lower and stem mass fractions were greater in seedlings planted at a higher density. Five-year old root-pruned seedlings also had a lower root mass fraction and higher stem mass fractions than unpruned seedlings. Specific root length was not affected by root pruning or planting density.

Conclusion
Decrease of relative root biomass with simultaneous increase of stem biomass may be a long-term consequence of taproot pruning of Q. robur, and the effects may manifest years after the seedling stage.