bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcomes of older emergency department patients assigned a low acuity triage score
Authors: Hendin Ariel , Eagles Debra , Myers Victoria , Stiell Ian G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough older patients are a high-risk population in the emergency department (ED), little is known about those identified as “less acute” at triage. We aimed to describe the outcomes of patients ages 65 years and older who receive low acuity triage scores.MethodsThis health records review assessed ED patients who were ages 65 years and above or ages 40 to 55 years (controls) who received a Canadian Triage Acuity Scale score of 4 or 5. Data collected included patient demographics, ED management, disposition, and a return visit or hospital admission at 14 days. Data were analysed descriptively and chi-square testing performed. A pre-planned stratified analysis of patients ages 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 and older was conducted.ResultsThree hundred fifty older patients with a mean age of 76.5 years and 150 control patients were included. Most patients presented with musculoskeletal or skin complaints and were triaged to the ambulatory care area. Older patients were significantly more likely than controls to be admitted on the index visit (5.0% v. 0.3%, p=0.016) and on re-presentation (4.0% v. 0.7%, p=0.045). In a subgroup analysis, patients ages 85 years and above were most likely to be admitted (8.9%, p=0.003).ConclusionsOlder patients who present to the ED with issues labelled as “less acute” at triage are 16 times more likely to be admitted than younger controls. Patients ages 85 years and up are the primary drivers of this higher admission rate. Our study indicates that even “low acuity” elders presenting to the ED are at risk for re-presentation and admission within 14 days.
AMS Dating of the Late Copper Age Varna Cemetery, Bulgaria
Authors: Higham Thomas , Slavchev Vladimir , Gaydarska Bisserka , Chapman John 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Varna I cemetery, on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, is one of the most remarkable sites in European prehistory, with the world’s earliest large-scale assemblage of gold artifacts. Modeling of the first series of 14 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates yielded a duration of occupation at the site of ca. 150 years, ~4600–4450 cal BC. However, there were insufficient paired human–animal dates for a full consideration of the question of the marine reservoir effect. Here, a fuller set of 71 dates from 53 graves is presented. We identify a small reservoir effect in a number of individuals based on 14C, as well as carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. We test the effect of this by building a series of different Bayesian models. Our favored model, including a correction for some of the human determinations, shows activity at the cemetery starting at 4596–4516 cal BC and ending 4427–4341 cal BC (at 95.4% probability). The overall span of activity covers ~120–260 years (93.6% prob.). The modeling shows that Varna I falls toward the beginning of the Bulgarian Late Copper Age.
Household-level factors associated with relapse following discharge from treatment for moderate acute malnutrition
Authors: Stobaugh Heather C. , Rogers Beatrice L. , Webb Patrick , Rosenberg Irwin H. , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Maleta Kenneth M. , Trehan Indi , Manary Mark J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFactors associated with relapse among children who are discharged after reaching a threshold denoted ‘recovered’ from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with sustained recovery, defined as maintaining a mid-upper-arm circumference≥12·5 cm for 1 year after release from treatment. On the basis of an observational study design, we analysed data from an in-depth household (HH) survey on a sub-sample of participants within a larger cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) that followed up children for 1 year after recovery from MAM. Out of 1497 children participating in the cRCT, a subset of 315 children participated in this sub-study. Accounting for other factors, HH with fitted lids on water storage containers (P=0·004) was a significant predictor of sustained recovery. In addition, sustained recovery was better among children whose caregivers were observed to have clean hands (P=0·053) and in HH using an improved sanitation facility (P=0·083). By contrast, socio-economic status and infant and young child feeding practices at the time of discharge and HH food security throughout the follow-up period were not significant. Given these results, we hypothesise that improved water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in tandem with management of MAM through supplemental feeding programmes have the possibility to decrease relapse following recovery from MAM. Furthermore, the absence of associations between relapse and nearly all HH-level factors indicates that the causal factors of relapse may be related mostly to the child’s individual, underlying health and nutrition status.
Dietary inflammatory index and risk of oesophageal cancer in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Tang Li , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. , Lee Andy H. , Xu Fenglian , Binns Colin W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiet has been shown to have an effect on both inflammation and oesophageal cancer. This study investigated the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and the risk of oesophageal cancer in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. A case–control study was conducted during 2008–2009 in Urumqi and Shihezi. DII scores were calculated based on dietary intake assessed by a validated FFQ administered to 359 incident oesophageal cancer patients and 380 hospital-based controls. Higher DII scores indicate more pro-inflammatory diets. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between DII scores and oesophageal cancer risk. Oesophageal cancer patients had a significantly higher median DII score (−0·35; interquartile range (IQR)=−2·25, 1·86) than that of controls (−1·41; IQR −3·07, 0·40). Multivariable logistic analysis revealed a positive association between higher DII scores and oesophageal cancer risk (ORQuartile 4 v. 1 2·55; 95 % CI 1·61, 4·06; Ptrend<0·001). A pro-inflammatory diet appears to be associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Specific carcinogenic mechanisms are discussed. Accumulating evidence, to which the study contributes, indicates that encouraging the intake of more anti-inflammatory foods may be a strategy to protect against oesophageal cancer in this high-risk area of China.
Helminth endoparasites of the smooth newtLissotriton vulgaris: linking morphological identification and molecular data
Authors: Sinsch U. , Heneberg P. , Těšínský M. , Balczun C. , Scheid P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe helminth endoparasites of many European amphibian species are often known exclusively from morphological descriptions. A molecular library of DNA sequence data linked to morphological identifications is still in its infancy. In this paper, we aim to contribute to such a library on the smooth newtLissotriton vulgaris,the intermediate and definitive host of 31 helminth parasites, according to evidence published so far. Newts (n= 69) were collected at two study sites in western Germany and examined for the presence of helminths. A total of five helminth species were detected in 56 (81%) of the newts, but only one or two species infected a single host. Four out of five helminth species were identified morphologically and based on DNA sequences asParastrigea robusta(metacercariae),Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Megalobatrachonema terdentatum(adults and larvae) andCosmocerca longicauda, and the corresponding sequences were provided subsequently.Oswaldocruzia molgetawas confirmed to be a junior synonym ofO. filiformis. Molecular data on a fifth species (a cosmocercid nematode) that could not be identified at species level were added to GenBank. These findings increased the molecular library on morphologically identified smooth newt parasites significantly, from 12 to 15 entries.
From expressing solidarity to mocking on Twitter: Pragmatic functions of hashtags starting with #jesuisacross languages
Authors: De Cock Barbara , Pizarro Pedraza Andrea 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this article, we show how the hashtag#jesuisCharlie, created following the attack onCharlie Hebdo, gave rise to the use of many other hashtags starting with#jesuis, across languages. Through a corpus-based analysis, we show how the meaning of#jesuisbroadened from expressing condolence and support following terrorist attacks over expressing condolence for other (violent) deaths to a more general marker of solidarity and alignment. This broadening of meaning is parallel to a formal evolution of the stemjesuis. Moreover, these hashtags have become emblematic of a particular kind of Twitter user. Furthermore, disaligning uses developed, including mocking uses, which disalign both with certain causes (disalignmentde re) and with the process of usingjesuisas a means of expressing solidarity (disalignmentde dicto). Thus, this variety of uses shows that Twitter users exploit the interpersonal possibilities of hashtags to express alignment and disalignment, creating ambient affiliation. (Hashtag,#jesuisCharlie, solidarity, alignment, emblem, mocking, pragmatic functions)*
Differential effect of quetiapine and lithium on functional connectivity of the striatum in first episode mania
Authors: Dandash Orwa , Yücel Murat , Daglas Rothanthi , Pantelis Christos , McGorry Patrick , Berk Michael , Fornito Alex 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMood disturbances seen in first-episode mania (FEM) are linked to disturbed functional connectivity of the striatum. Lithium and quetiapine are effective treatments for mania but their neurobiological effects remain largely unknown. We conducted a single-blinded randomized controlled maintenance trial in 61 FEM patients and 30 healthy controls. Patients were stabilized for a minimum of 2 weeks on lithium plus quetiapine then randomly assigned to either lithium (serum level 0.6 mmol/L) or quetiapine (dosed up to 800 mg/day) treatment for 12 months. Resting-state fMRI was acquired at baseline, 3 months (patient only) and 12 months. The effects of treatment group, time and their interaction, on striatal functional connectivity were assessed using voxel-wise general linear modelling. At baseline, FEM patients showed reduced connectivity in the dorsal (p = 0.05) and caudal (p = 0.008) cortico-striatal systems when compared to healthy controls at baseline. FEM patients also showed increased connectivity in a circuit linking the ventral striatum with the medial orbitofrontal cortex, cerebellum and thalamus (p = 0.02). Longitudinally, we found a significant interaction between time and treatment group, such that lithium was more rapid, compared to quetiapine, in normalizing abnormally increased functional connectivity, as assessed at 3-month and 12-month follow-ups. The results suggest that FEM is associated with reduced connectivity in dorsal and caudal corticostriatal systems, as well as increased functional connectivity of ventral striatal systems. Lithium appears to act more rapidly than quetiapine in normalizing hyperconnectivity of the ventral striatum with the cerebellum. The study was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12607000639426). http://www.anzctr.org.au
Mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 inhibition promotes cardiac mesodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hoque Ashfaqul , Sivakumaran Priyadharshini , Bond Simon T. , Ling Naomi X. Y. , Kong Anne M. , Scott John W. , Bandara Nadeeka , Hernández Damián , Liu Guei-Sheung , Wong Raymond C. B. , Ryan Michael T. , Hausenloy Derek J. , Kemp Bruce E. , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Drew Brian G. , Pébay Alice , Lim Shiang Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable tool for studying the cardiac developmental process in vitro, and cardiomyocytes derived from iPSCs are a putative cell source for personalized medicine. Changes in mitochondrial morphology have been shown to occur during cellular reprogramming and pluripotent stem cell differentiation. However, the relationships between mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac mesoderm commitment of iPSCs remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that changes in mitochondrial morphology from a small granular fragmented phenotype in pluripotent stem cells to a filamentous reticular elongated network in differentiated cardiomyocytes are required for cardiac mesodermal differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1, by either small interfering RNA or Mdivi-1, respectively, increased cardiac mesoderm gene expression in iPSCs. Treatment of iPSCs with Mdivi-1 during embryoid body formation significantly increased the percentage of beating embryoid bodies and expression of cardiac-specific genes. Furthermore, Drp1 gene silencing was accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiration and decreased aerobic glycolysis. Our findings demonstrate that shifting the balance of mitochondrial morphology toward fusion by inhibition of Drp1 promoted cardiac differentiation of human iPSCs with a metabolic shift from glycolysis towards oxidative phosphorylation. These findings suggest that Drp1 may represent a new molecular target for future development of strategies to promote the differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiac lineages for patient-specific cardiac regenerative medicine.
Large enhancement of response times of a protein conformational switch by computational design
Authors: DeGrave Alex J. , Ha Jeung-Hoi , Loh Stewart N. , Chong Lillian T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe design of protein conformational switches—or proteins that change conformations in response to a signal such as ligand binding—has great potential for developing novel biosensors, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic agents. Among the defining properties of such switches, the response time has been the most challenging to optimize. Here we apply a computational design strategy in synergistic combination with biophysical experiments to rationally improve the response time of an engineered protein-based Ca2+-sensor in which the switching process occurs via mutually exclusive folding of two alternate frames. Notably, our strategy identifies mutations that increase switching rates by as much as 32-fold, achieving response times on the order of fast physiological Ca2+ fluctuations. Our computational design strategy is general and may aid in optimizing the kinetics of other protein conformational switches.
Efficient first-principles prediction of solid stability: Towards chemical accuracy
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Kitchaev Daniil A. , Yang Julia , Chen Tina , Dacek Stephen T. , Sarmiento-Pérez Rafael A. , Marques Maguel A. L. , Peng Haowei , Ceder Gerbrand , Perdew John P. , Sun Jianwei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe question of material stability is of fundamental importance to any analysis of system properties in condensed matter physics and materials science. The ability to evaluate chemical stability, i.e., whether a stoichiometry will persist in some chemical environment, and structure selection, i.e. what crystal structure a stoichiometry will adopt, is critical to the prediction of materials synthesis, reactivity and properties. Here, we demonstrate that density functional theory, with the recently developed strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) functional, has advanced to a point where both facets of the stability problem can be reliably and efficiently predicted for main group compounds, while transition metal compounds are improved but remain a challenge. SCAN therefore offers a robust model for a significant portion of the periodic table, presenting an opportunity for the development of novel materials and the study of fine phase transformations even in largely unexplored systems with little to no experimental data.
Physical Exercise and Spatial Training: A Longitudinal Study of Effects on Cognition, Growth Factors, and Hippocampal Plasticity
Authors: Woost Luise , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Taubert Marco , Trampel Robert , Tardif Christine L. , Garthe Alexander , Kempermann Gerd , Renner Ulrich , Stalla Günter , Ott Derek V. M. , Rjosk Viola , Obrig Hellmuth , Villringer Arno , Roggenhofer Elisabeth , Klein Tilmann A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhysical exercise has been suggested to improve cognitive performance through various neurobiological mechanisms, mediated by growth factors such as BDNF, IGF-I, and VEGF. Moreover, animal research has demonstrated that combined physical and cognitive stimulation leads to increased adult neurogenesis as compared to either experimental condition alone. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether a sequential combination of physical and spatial training in young, healthy adults elicits an additive effect on training and transfer gains. To this end, we compared the effects of (i) eight 20-minute sessions of cycling, (ii) sixteen 30-minute sessions of spatial training, (iii) a combination of both, and included (iv) a passive control cohort. We assessed longitudinal changes in cognitive performance, growth factor levels, and T1 relaxation of hippocampal subfields (acquired with 7 T MRI). While substantial physical and spatial training gains were elicited in all trained groups, longitudinal transfer changes did not differ between these groups. Notably, we found no evidence for an additive effect of sequential physical and spatial training. These results challenge the extrapolation from the findings reported in animals to young, healthy adults.
Complementarity of assembly-first and mapping-first approaches for alternative splicing annotation and differential analysis from RNAseq data
Authors: Benoit-Pilven Clara , Marchet Camille , Chautard Emilie , Lima Leandro , Lambert Marie-Pierre , Sacomoto Gustavo , Rey Amandine , Cologne Audric , Terrone Sophie , Dulaurier Louis , Claude Jean-Baptiste , Bourgeois Cyril F. , Auboeuf Didier , Lacroix Vincent 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenome-wide analyses estimate that more than 90% of multi exonic human genes produce at least two transcripts through alternative splicing (AS). Various bioinformatics methods are available to analyze AS from RNAseq data. Most methods start by mapping the reads to an annotated reference genome, but some start by a de novo assembly of the reads. In this paper, we present a systematic comparison of a mapping-first approach (FaRLine) and an assembly-first approach (KisSplice). We applied these methods to two independent RNAseq datasets and found that the predictions of the two pipelines overlapped (70% of exon skipping events were common), but with noticeable differences. The assembly-first approach allowed to find more novel variants, including novel unannotated exons and splice sites. It also predicted AS in recently duplicated genes. The mapping-first approach allowed to find more lowly expressed splicing variants, and splice variants overlapping repeats. This work demonstrates that annotating AS with a single approach leads to missing out a large number of candidates, many of which are differentially regulated across conditions and can be validated experimentally. We therefore advocate for the combined use of both mapping-first and assembly-first approaches for the annotation and differential analysis of AS from RNAseq datasets.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin and TREM2 in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Byrne Lauren M. , Rodrigues Filipe B. , Johnson Eileanoir B. , De Vita Enrico , Blennow Kaj , Scahill Rachael , Zetterberg Henrik , Heslegrave Amanda , Wild Edward J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiomarkers of Huntington’s disease (HD) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be of value in elucidating the biology of this genetic neurodegenerative disease, as well as in the development of novel therapeutics. Deranged synaptic and immune function have been reported in HD, and concentrations of the synaptic protein neurogranin and the microglial protein TREM2 are increased in other neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore used ELISAs to quantify neurogranin and TREM2 in CSF samples from HD mutation carriers and controls. CSF neurogranin concentration was not significantly altered in HD compared to controls, nor was it significantly associated with disease burden score, total functional capacity or motor score. An apparent increase in CSF TREM2 in manifest HD was determined to be due to increasing TREM2 with age. After age adjustment, there was no significant alteration of TREM2 in either HD group, nor any association with motor, functional or cognitive score, or brain volume quantified by MRI. Both analyses were well-powered, and sample size calculations indicated that several thousand samples per group would be needed to prove that disease-associated alterations do in fact exist. We conclude that neither neurogranin nor TREM2 is a useful biofluid biomarker for disease processes in Huntington’s disease.
Publisher Correction: Carbon nanowalls as a platform for biological SERS studies
Authors: Dyakonov Pavel , Mironovich Kirill , Svyakhovskiy Sergey , Voloshina Olga , Dagesyan Sarkis , Panchishin Andrey , Suetin Nikolay , Bagratashvili Victor , Timashev Petr , Shirshin Evgeny , Evlashin Stanislav 
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Improved Graph Embedding for Robust Recognition with outliers
Authors: Li Peiyang , Zhou Weiwei , Huang Xiaoye , Zhu Xuyang , Liu Huan , Ma Teng , Guo Daqing , Yao Dezhong , Xu Peng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractArtifacts in biomedical signal recordings, such as gene expression, sonar image and electroencephalogram, have a great influence on the related research because the artifacts with large value usually break the neighbor structure in the datasets. However, the conventional graph embedding (GE) used for dimension reduction such as linear discriminant analysis, principle component analysis and locality preserving projections is essentially defined in the L2 norm space and is prone to the presence of artifacts, resulting in biased sub-structural features. In this work, we defined graph embedding in the L1 norm space and used the maximization strategy to solve this model with the aim of restricting the influence of outliers on the dimension reduction of signals. The quantitative evaluation with different outlier conditions demonstrates that an L1 norm-based GE structure can estimate hyperplanes, which are more stable than those of conventional GE-based methods. The applications to a variety of datasets also show that the proposed L1 GE is more robust to outlier influence with higher classification accuracy estimated. The proposed L1 GE may be helpful for capturing reliable mapping information from the datasets that have been contaminated with outliers.
Muscle stem cell dysfunction impairs muscle regeneration in a mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Pawlikowski Bradley , Betta Nicole Dalla , Elston Tiffany , Williams Darian A. , Olwin Bradley B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDown syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, is characterized by a variety of medical conditions including intellectual impairments, cardiovascular defects, blood cell disorders and pre-mature aging phenotypes. Several somatic stem cell populations are dysfunctional in Down syndrome and their deficiencies may contribute to multiple Down syndrome phenotypes. Down syndrome is associated with muscle weakness but skeletal muscle stem cells or satellite cells in Down syndrome have not been investigated. We find that a failure in satellite cell expansion impairs muscle regeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Ts65Dn satellite cells accumulate DNA damage and over express Usp16, a histone de-ubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the DNA damage response. Impairment of satellite cell function, which further declines as Ts65Dn mice age, underscores stem cell deficiencies as an important contributor to Down syndrome pathologies.