bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Paclitaxel plus TS1 against previously treatedEGFRmutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tseng Yen-Han , Shih Jen-Fu , Chao Heng-Sheng , Chen Yuh-Min 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundLater line chemotherapy (≥2nd lines) such as Docetaxel or immunotherapy is frequently used. As the life expectancy of lung cancer patients is getting longer, we need to provide more treatment options. Other treatment options are not well documented except for Doxetaxel and immunotherapy. Therefore, the efficacy of paclitaxel plus TS1 (TTS1) is warranted.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the chart records of our non-small cell lung cancer patients who were treated between 2010 and 2013. Clinical characteristics, type of tumor, EGFR mutation status, and treatment response to first-line EGFR-TKI therapy and efficacy of TTS1, were collected.ResultsTwenty eight patients were enrolled in this study. No patients archived complete response and seven patients had partial response (ORR: 25%). The disease control rate was 60.7% (17/28). The progression free survival (PFS) was 4.0 months and overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months. Of them, 17 had EGFR mutations, eightEGFRwild type, and three were unknown EGFR status. After TTS1 treatment, patients withEGFRmutations had better PFS (4.9 months vs. 1.8 months) and OS (15.5 months vs. 7.2 months) compared with those ofEGFRwild type.ConclusionsTTS1 are effective later line chemotherapy, especially in tumorEGFRmutated patients. Paclitaxel plus TS1 is another treatment of choice for NSCLC patients before a more effective treatment strategy is found.
Cationic Copolymer‐Chaperoned 2D–3D Reversible Conversion of Lipid Membranes
Authors: Shimada Naohiko , Kinoshita Hirotaka , Umegae Takuma , Azumai Satomi , Kume Nozomi , Ochiai Takuro , Takenaka Tomoka , Sakamoto Wakako , Yamada Takayoshi , Furuta Tadaomi , Masuda Tsukuru , Sakurai Minoru , Higuchi Hideo , Maruyama Atsushi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanosheets have thicknesses on the order of nanometers and planar dimensions in the micrometer range. Nanomaterials that are capable of converting reversibly between 2D nanosheets and 3D structures in response to specific triggers can enable construction of nanodevices. Supra‐molecular lipid nanosheets and their triggered conversions to 3D structures including vesicles and cups are reported. They are produced from lipid vesicles upon addition of amphiphilic peptides and cationic copolymers that act as peptide chaperones. By regulation of the chaperoning activity of the copolymer, 2D to 3D conversions are reversibly triggered, allowing tuning of lipid bilayer structures and functionalities.
Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity in China: Results from a Cross‐Sectional Study of Nearly Half a Million Participants
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , Wang Zengwu , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Shao Lan , Tian Ye , Dong Ying , Zheng Congyi , Li Suning , Zhu Manlu , Gao Runlin ,   for the China Hypertension Survey investigators
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the latest prevalence of abdominal obesity in China based on nationally representative data.MethodsA stratified, multistage, random sampling method was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of residents aged ≥ 18 years from 31 provinces in mainland China from October 2012 to December 2015. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and a waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for women.ResultsThe data of 441,306 participants were analyzed. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 29.1% (28.6% in men and 29.6% in women); the number of adults with abdominal obesity was estimated to be 277.8 million (approximately 140.1 million in men and 137.7 million in women). The prevalence of abdominal obesity varied considerably among provinces. In general, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in the northern, lower in the southern, higher in the western, and lower in the eastern areas of China. Besides the regional disparities, the prevalence of abdominal obesity varied greatly among different population subgroups.ConclusionsAbdominal obesity is highly prevalent among Chinese adults. National and provincial obesity control and prevention strategies should be public health priorities in China. To better control obesity, the underlying reasons for the regional disparities need to be addressed.
Radiation‐activated prosurvival signaling pathways in cancer cells
Authors: Ouellette Michel M. , Yan Ying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRadiation therapy is a standard treatment for local disease control of solid tumors. Although radiation therapy has significantly improved the overall survival and quality of life of cancer patients, its efficacy has been limited by the development of radiation resistance and the presence of residual disease after therapy, leading to cancer recurrence. Radiation induces cytotoxicity in cancer cells, mainly by causing DNA damage. However, concurrently radiation can also activate multiple protective signaling pathways, such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3‐related protein, phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and nuclear factor‐κB, which promote cell cycle checkpoint activation, leading to cell cycle arrest/DNA repair and inhibition of apoptosis. Conjointly, these signaling pathways protect cancer cells by reducing the magnitude of radiation‐induced cytotoxicity and promoting radioresistance of cancer cells. Thus, targeting these prosurvival pathways could have great potential for sensitizing cancer cells to radiation therapy. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on the radiation‐activated prosurvival signaling pathways that promote radioresistance.
Chalcogen (S/Se) Ligated Palladium(II) Complexes of Bulky Ligands: Application in O‐Arylation of Phenol
Authors: Arora Aayushi , Oswal Preeti , Rao Gyandshwar K. , Kaushal Jolly , Kumar Sushil , Singh Ajai K. , Kumar Arun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTwo N‐pyrene based ligands L1 (1‐pyrene‐CH=N(CH2)2‐SPh) and L2 (1‐pyrene‐CH=N(CH2)2‐SePh) with an imine functionality and a chalcogen donor have been synthesized and characterized using 1H as well as 13C NMR spectral techniques. Palladium(II) complexes (1; PdCl2−ĸ2−L1 and 2; PdCl2−ĸ2−L2) of L1 and L2 have been prepared, isolated and characterized using NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The geometry around Pd is nearly square planar in these complexes and ligands are coordinated to the metal centre in a bidentate (S/Se, N) mode. The molecular complexes 1 and 2 have been explored as potential catalysts in O−arylation reaction between substituted aryl halides and phenol. Both the complexes showed excellent efficiency towards this coupling and a TON of 990 (maximum TOF 310) has been achieved using 0.1 mol% of catalyst 2. The effect of the nature of chalcogen donor atom (S/Se) on catalytic efficiency of the complexes has been observed as selenium congener was more efficient than sulphur counterpart.
What Empirically Based Research Tells Us About Game Development
Authors: Berg Marklund Björn , Engström Henrik , Hellkvist Marcus , Backlund Per 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews empirically grounded research on practices in game development with the intent to give a comprehensive overview of contemporary development practices used in the video game industry. While there are many intangible elements that inform game development processes, this review specifically covers the more immediate practical challenges. The review covers a total of 48 papers published between 2006 and 2016, which were all subjected to thematic analysis by three reviewers. The results of the review show that an almost universal characteristic of game development is that it is almost impossible to accurately plan a development project in detail, largely due to the soft requirements inherent in game production which emerge mid-process during development projects, during when testing is coupled with continuous ideation and refinement. Practicing game developers have created their own frameworks that accommodate for this lack of planning. They include flat hierarchies, democratic decision-making, creative autonomy, and informal communication, which are designed to create an environment that maintains creativity and openness to product changes long into the production process. These frameworks vary significantly between studios and often between individual projects. This review also shows that the term ‘Agile’, while often used by both researchers and developers to characterize the process of game development, is not an apt descriptor of how game developers actually work. Agile is used as shorthand for unstructured and flexible development, rather than serving as a descriptor of a definable or unified work method. Finally, as companies develop more complicated hierarchies of stakeholders and staff, the desired flexibility and autonomy of game development becomes increasingly complicated to maintain, and often necessitates more formalized management processes and company structures. In these cases, inherent tensions of game development become more pronounced, and continuous creativity is hard to maintain due to a growing need to formalize processes.
The Blue Wave: Assessing Political Advertising Trends and Democratic Advantages in 2018
Authors: Fowler Erika Franklin , Franz Michael M. , Ridout Travis N. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis research offers a post-mortem on political advertising in 2018, providing important context for 2018’s “blue wave.” In a majority of US House of Representatives races, there were more pro-Democratic than pro-Republican ads, including in the most competitive contests. The one theme that united pro-Democratic advertising was health care, which was mentioned in nearly three of every five Democratic ads in the fall campaign. Contrary to the narrative that television is declining, a record number of television ads aired in the 2018 midterms, whereas digital spending still constituted a small percentage of overall advertising spending for most candidate campaigns. Finally, there was a healthy volume of outside-group spending in 2018, with “dark-money” groups increasing their involvement—especially in support of Democratic candidates.
Tank contamination with dicamba and 2,4-D influences dry edible bean
Authors: Bales Scott R. , Sprague Christy L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe occurrence of herbicide tank contamination with dicamba or 2,4-D will likely increase with the recent commercialization of dicamba- and 2,4-D-resistant soybean. High-value sensitive crops, including dry bean, will be at higher risks for exposure. In 2017 and 2018, two separate field experiments were conducted in Michigan to understand how multiple factors may influence dry bean response to dicamba and 2,4-D herbicides, including 1) the interaction between herbicides applied POST to dry bean and dicamba or 2,4-D, and 2) the impact of low rates of glyphosate with dicamba or 2,4-D. Dry bean injury was 20% and 2% from POST applications of dicamba (5.6 h ae ha−1) and 2,4-D (11.2 g ae ha−1), respectively, 14 days after treatment (DAT). The addition of glyphosate (8.4 g ae ha−1) did not increase dry bean injury from dicamba or 2,4-D. Over 2 site-years the addition of dry bean herbicides to dicamba or dicamba + glyphosate (8.4 g ae ha−1) increased dry bean injury and reduced yield by 6% to 10% more than when dicamba or dicamba + glyphosate was applied alone. The interaction between 2,4-D (11.2 g ae ha−1) and dry bean herbicides was determined to be synergistic. However, 2,4-D (11.2 g ae ha−1) had little effect on dry bean with or without the addition of a dry bean herbicide program. These studies document that synergy also occurs between dicamba and dicamba + glyphosate and both common dry bean herbicide programs tested: 1) imazamox (35 g ha−1) + bentazon (560 g ha−1), and 2) fomesafen (280 g ha−1). The synergy between dry bean herbicide and dicamba and dicamba + glyphosate can increase plant injury, delay maturity, and reduce yield to a greater extent than dicamba or dicamba + glyphosate alone. This work emphasizes the need to properly clean out sprayers after applications of dicamba to reduce the risk of exposure to other crops.
Longitudinal RNA-Seq analysis of acute and chronic neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Ehmsen Jeffrey T. , Kawaguchi Riki , Mi Ruifa , Coppola Giovanni , Höke Ahmet 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue capable of changes in size, contractility, and metabolism according to functional demands. Atrophy is a decline in mass and strength caused by pathologic loss of myofibrillar proteins, and can result from disuse, aging, or denervation caused by injury or peripheral nerve disorders. We provide a high-quality longitudinal RNA-Seq dataset of skeletal muscle from a cohort of adult C57BL/6J male mice subjected to tibial nerve denervation for 0 (baseline), 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, or 90 days. Using an unbiased genomics approach to identify gene expression changes across the entire longitudinal course of muscle atrophy affords the opportunity to (1) establish acute responses to denervation, (2) detect pathways that mediate rapid loss of muscle mass within the first week after denervation, and (3) capture the molecular phenotype of chronically atrophied muscle at a stage when it is largely resistant to recovery.
S-Glutathionylated Serine Proteinase Inhibitors as Biomarkers for Radiation Exposure in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Zhang Jie , Ye Zhiwei , Manevich Yefim , Townsend Danyelle M. , Marshall David T. , Tew Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn biological tissues, radiation causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), some of which lead to sequential oxidation of certain protein cysteine residues. Resultant cysteinyl radicals are subject to post-translational modification through S-glutathionylation. The present clinical trial was designed to determine if S-glutathionylated serine protease inhibitors (serpins) in blood could be used as biomarkers of exposure to radiation. 56 male prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy were enrolled in the trial and levels of S-glutathionylated serpins A1 and A3 were assessed by immunoblotting. Patients were classified into three groups: (1) external beam radiation therapy (EBRT); (2) brachytherapy (BT); (3) both EBRT and BT. Prior to treatment, baseline plasma levels of both unmodified and S-glutathionylated serpins were similar in each group. We identified elevated plasma levels of S-glutathionylated serpin A1 monomer, trimer and serpin A3 monomer in patient blood following radiation. Maximal increased levels of these S-glutathionylated serpins were correlated with increased duration of radiotherapy treatments. We conclude that it is practical to quantify patient plasma S-glutathionylated serpins and that these post-translationally modified proteins are candidate biomarkers for measuring radiation exposure. This provides a platform for use of such biomarkers in trials with the range of drugs that, like radiation, produce ROS.
LOFAR measures the hotspot advance speed of the high-redshift blazar S5 0836+710
Authors: Kappes A. , Perucho M. , Kadler M. , Burd P. R. , Vega-García L. , Brüggen M. 
Published: September 2019

Context. The emission and proper motion of the terminal hotspots of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets can be used as a powerful probe of the intergalactic medium. However, measurements of hotspot advance speeds in active galaxies are difficult, especially in the young universe, because of the low angular velocities and the low brightness of distant radio galaxies.
Aims. Our goal is to study the termination of an AGN jet in the young universe and to deduce physical parameters of the jet and the intergalactic medium.
Methods. We used the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to image the long-wavelength radio emission of the high-redshift blazar S5 0836+710 on arcsecond scales between 120 MHz and 160 MHz.
Results. The LOFAR image shows a compact unresolved core and a resolved emission region about 1.5 arcsec to the southwest of the radio core. This structure is in general agreement with previous higher-frequency radio observations with the Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) and the Very Large Array (VLA). The southern component shows a moderately steep spectrum with a spectral index of about ≳ − 1, and the spectral index of the core is flat to slightly inverted. In addition, we detect for the first time a resolved steep-spectrum halo with a spectral index of about −1 surrounding the core.
Conclusions. The arcsecond-scale radio structure of S5 0836+710 can be understood as a Faranoff–Riley (FR) II radio galaxy observed at a small viewing angle. The southern component can be interpreted as the region of the approaching jet’s terminal hotspot, and the halo like diffuse component near the core can be interpreted as the counter-hotspot region. From the differential Doppler boosting of both features, we can derive the hotspot advance speed to (0.01 − 0.036) c. At a constant advance speed, the derived age of the source would exceed the total lifetime of such a powerful FR II radio galaxy substantially. Thus, the hotspot advance speed must have been higher in the past, in agreement with a scenario in which the originally highly relativistic jet has lost collimation as a result of instability growth and has transformed into an only mildly relativistic flow. Our data suggest that the density of the intergalactic medium around this distant (z = 2.22) AGN could be substantially higher than the values typically found in less distant FR II radio galaxies.
Psychiatrie in der NS-Zeit
Authors: Sedetzki Maria , Rungg Christine , Perkhofer Susanne 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungEuthanasie, Elektroschock, Zwangssterilisation – das sind nur einige der
menschenunwürdigen Gräueltaten, die psychisch Erkrankte im Nationalsozialismus
erleiden mussten. Welche Rolle die Psychiatrie bei der Verwahrung und Tötung
psychisch kranker Menschen im Dritten Reich spielte, schildern unsere
Autorinnen.
Assessing potential landscape service trade-offs driven by urbanization in Switzerland
Authors: Gerecke Madleina , Hagen Oskar , Bolliger Janine , Hersperger Anna M. , Kienast Felix , Price Bronwyn , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLandscapes have been changing at an increasing pace over the past century, with countless consequences for humans and their surrounding environments. Information on past and future land use change and the resulting alteration of landscape service provisioning are valuable inputs for policy making and planning. Land use transitions in Switzerland (2009–2081) were simulated using statistical models informed by past land use changes as well as environmental and socio-economic data (1979–2009). By combining land use types with additional contextual landscape information, eight landscape services, based on both (semi-)natural and artificial landscapes, were quantified and investigated on how they would evolve under projected land use changes. Investigation of land use transitions showed region-dependent trends of urban expansion, loss of agricultural area, and forest regrowth. Landscapes cannot accommodate all services simultaneously, and this study sheds light on some competing landscape services, in particular (i) housing at the expense of agriculture and (ii) vanishing recreation opportunities around cities as city limits, and thus housing and job provisioning, expand. Model projections made it possible to pinpoint potential trade-offs between landscape services in a spatially explicit manner, thereby providing information on service provision losses and supporting planning. While future changes are presented as extrapolations of the patterns quantified in the past, policy changes might cause deviation from the projections presented here. A major challenge is to produce socio-economic and policy scenarios to inform projections that will differ from current landscape management. Given that urban sprawl is affecting many land surfaces globally, the approach used here could be generalized to other countries in similar situations.
Young Coloureds’ implicit attitudes towards two historically White English accents in the South African context
Authors: Álvarez-Mosquera Pedro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study explores the implicit language attitudes of a sample of 84 young Coloured South Africans towards two historically White accents in the country: the Standard South African English accent and Afrikaans-accented English. In order to shed light on the role of language in the process of social categorization among the younger generations, I present a mixed-methodological approach that investigates the interrelation between the results of an Implicit Association Test (IAT) towards the two selected accents and the participants’ linguistic background, language exposure, and social distance levels. Within the target demographic, the data confirm the existence of an overall positive implicit attitude towards Standard South African English, although positive attitudes towards Afrikaans-accented English were not uncommon. Correlations between IAT effect and the variables “social distance levels with Whites” and “places of residence” provide potential explanations and valuable sociolinguistic information about the language dynamics in this diverse ethnic group.
Light verb constructions in spoken L2 English
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Light verb constructions (LVCs), that is, combinations like take a walk or make a
choice, are often claimed to be problematic for non-native speakers of English. In this paper, spoken data from the
Trinity Lancaster Corpus are used to explore the use of these constructions across different sections of the corpus, representing
different proficiency levels (from lower intermediate to upper advanced) as well as different types of acquisitional contexts,
namely English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and English as a Second Language (ESL). The results of the study reveal a tendency
towards an increased frequency of LVCs, as well as more complex and abstract uses, as we move from an intermediate to an advanced
level and from an EFL to an ESL context. For the EFL speakers, this development corresponds to a better approximation to native
English. For the ESL speakers, on the other hand, LVCs seem to have become ‘constructional teddy bears’, used more often than by
the native speakers themselves.