bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitations and Precautions in the Use of the Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 Test
Authors: Dain Stephen J. , Atchison David A. , Hovis Jeffery K. 
Published: September 2019

SIGNIFICANCEClinicians who administer the Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 test need to pay attention to the quality and quantity of lighting and the time that they allow for completion of the test, and all repeat attempts need to be included in reports on compliance with color vision standards.PURPOSEThe validity of the Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 has been questioned because practice may allow significantly color vision–deficient subjects to pass. In this article, we review the influence of practice and other factors that may affect the performance. These relate to both the design and the administration of the test.METHODSWe review the literature and present some calculations on limitations in the colorimetric design of the test, quantity and quality of lighting, time taken, and repeat attempts.RESULTSIn addition to the review of the literature, color differences and luminance differences under selected sources are calculated, and the increases in luminance clues under some sources and for protanopes are illustrated.CONCLUSIONSAll these factors affect the outcome of the test and need specification and implementation if the test is to be applied consistently and equitably. We recommend the following: practitioners should never rely on a single color vision test regardless of the color vision standard; lighting should beTcp′′ 6500 K andRa> 90; illuminance levels should be between 200 and 300 lux if detection of color vision deficiency is a priority or between 300 and 1000 lux if the need is to test at the level where illuminance has minimal influence on performance; illuminance should be reported; time limits should be set between 1 and 2 minutes; repeat testing (beyond the specified test and one retest) should be carried out only with authorization; and initial and repeated results should be reported. A set of test instructions to assist in the consistent application of the test is provided in the Appendix.
Galectin-3 as a new negative checkpoint of the immune response is the key target for effective immunotherapy against prostate cancer
Authors: Tiraboschi Carolina , Gentilini Lucas , Jaworski Felipe M. , Corapi Enrique , Velazquez Carla , Chauchereau Anne , Laderach Diego J. , Compagno Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a major health problem worldwide. Taxol derivatives–based chemotherapies or immunotherapies are usually proposed depending on the symptomatic status. In the case of immunotherapy, tumors develop robust immune escape mechanisms that abolish any protective response. However, Docetaxel has been shown to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy in a variety of cancers, but to date, the mechanism is still unknown. Herein, we showed first that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) expressed by prostate tumor cells is the principal immunological checkpoint responsible of the failure of immunotherapy; and that Docetaxel leads to the inhibition of Gal-3 expression in PCa cells as well as in clinical samples of mCRPC patients promoting a Th1 response. We thus optimized a prostate cancer animal model that undergoes surgical resection of the tumor like prostatectomy to mimic what is usually performed in patients. More importantly, using low and nontoxic doses of taxane prior to immunotherapy, we were able to directly impact the activation and proliferation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells through reducing the number of CD8+CD122+CD28-T cells and highly control tumor recurrence. Thus, Gal-3 expression by PCa cells is a key inhibitor for the success of immunotherapy, and low doses of Docetaxel with noncytotoxic effect on leukocyte survival should be used prior to vaccination for all PCa patients. This combined treatment sequence right after surgery would promote the preconditioning of the tumor microenvironment, allowing for effective anti-tumor immunotherapy and can be transferred rapidly to clinical therapeutic protocols.
Interplay between persistent activity and activity-silent dynamics in prefrontal cortex during working memory
Authors: Barbosa J , Stein H , Martinez R , Galan A , Adam K , Li S , Valls-Solé J , Constantinidis C , Compte A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPersistent neuronal spiking has long been considered the mechanism underlying working memory, but recent proposals argue for alternative, “activity-silent” substrates for memory. Using monkey and human electrophysiology, we show here that attractor dynamics that control neural spiking during mnemonic periods interact with activity-silent mechanisms in PFC. This interaction allows memory reactivation, which enhance serial biases in spatial working memory. Stimulus information was not decodable between trials, but remained present in activity-silent traces inferred from spiking synchrony in PFC. Just prior to the new stimulus, this latent trace was reignited into activity that recapitulated the previous stimulus representation. Importantly, the reactivation strength correlated with the strength of serial biases in both monkeys and humans, as predicted by a computational model integrating activity-based and activity-silent mechanisms. Finally, single-pulse TMS applied to human prefrontal cortex prior to trial start enhanced serial biases, demonstrating the causal role of prefrontal reactivations in determining working memory behavior.
Click by Click Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Scaffolds
Authors: Darling Nicole J. , Xi Weixian , Sideris Elias , Anderson Alexa , Pong Cassie , Carmichael S. Thomas , Segura Tatiana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMacroporous scaffolds are being increasingly used in regenerative medicine and tissue repair. While our recently developed microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds have overcome issues with injectability and in situ hydrogel formation, limitations with respect to tunability to be able to manipulate hydrogel strength and rigidity for broad applications still exist. To address these key issues, here we synthesized hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) of hyaluronic acid (HA) using the thiol-norbornene click reaction and then subsequently annealed HMPs into a porous scaffold using the tetrazine-norbornene click reaction. This assembly method allowed for straightforward tuning of bulk scaffold rigidity by varying the tetrazine to norbornene ratio, with increasing tetrazine resulting in increasing scaffold storage modulus, Young’s modulus, and maximum stress. These changes were independent of void fraction. Further incorporation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) throughout the porous scaffold revealed the biocompatibility of this annealing strategy as well as differences in proliferation and cell-occupied volume. Finally, injection of porous HA-Tet MAP scaffolds into an ischemic stroke model showed this chemistry is biocompatible in vivo with reduced levels of inflammation and astrogliosis as previously demonstrated for other crosslinking chemistries.
One-Shot phase-recovery using a Cellphone RGB Camera on a Jamin-Lebedeff Microscope
Authors: Diederich Benedict , Marsikova Barbora , Amos Brad , Heintzmann Rainer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractJamin-Lebedeff (JL) polarization interference microscopy is a classical method for determining the change in the optical path of transparent tissues. Whilst a differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy interferes an image with itself shifted by half a point spread function, the shear between the object and reference image in a JL-microscope is about half the field of view. The optical path difference (OPD) between the sample and reference region (assumed to be empty) is encoded into a colour by white-light interference. From a colour-table, the Michel-Levy chart, the OPD can be deduced. In cytology JL-imaging can be used as a way to determine the OPD which closely corresponds to the dry mass per area of cells in a single image.Like in other interference microscopy methods (e.g. holography), we present a phase retrieval method relying on single-shot measurements only, thus allowing real-time quantitative phase measurements. This is achieved by adding several customized 3D-printed parts (e.g. rotational polarization-filter holders) and a modern cellphone with an RGB-camera to the Jamin-Lebedeff setup, thus bringing an old microscope back to life.The algorithm is calibrated using a reference image of a known phase object (e.g. optical fiber). A gradient-descent based inverse problem generates an inverse look-up-table (LUT) which is used to convert the measured RGB signal of a phase-sample into an OPD.To account for possible ambiguities in the phase-map or phase-unwrapping artifacts we introduce a total-variation based regularization. We present results from fixed and living biological samples as well as reference samples for comparison.
Effects of Post-Activation Potentiation induced by a plyometric protocol on deceleration performance
Authors: Ciocca Gianmarco , Tschan Harald , Tessitore Antonio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPost-Activation Potentiation is a phenomenon by which muscular performance characteristics are acutely enhanced as a result of their previous contractile actions. It has been shown how Post-Activation Potentiation, which is usually evoked through heavy resistance exercise, has the potential to improve many different power performances, such as sprinting and jumping. Due to an easier applicability, some studies explored the potential of plyometric muscular actions to evoke the effects of Post-Activation Potentiation. Despite some findings on acceleration running performance, to the authors’ best knowledge, no studies investigated the effects of Post-Activation Potentiation on deceleration performance, which is a key factor in sports involving change of directions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of a plyometric exercise protocol to a subsequent deceleration running performance. University soccer players (n = 18) performed 7 deceleration trials: at baseline and after ∼ 15 seconds, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 minutes a walking control condition (C) or 3 sets of 10 repetitions of alternate-leg bounding (plyometric, P). Results show that no significant differences were found at any of the trials of the control condition (C) in comparison to the relative baseline. In the plyometric condition (P), the deceleration performance executed 2 minutes after the plyometric activity resulted significantly faster compared to the relative baseline (p = 0.042; ES = 0.86, large effect; % of improvement = 4.13 %). Therefore, the main findings of this study showed that a plyometric exercise has the potential to improve a subsequent running deceleration performance in soccer players, if an adequate recovery between these activities is provided to the players. These findings encourage further future investigations about the possible potentiating effects of plyometric activities on more complex actions like changes of direction and agility.
An RNA-seq quantification method for analysis of transcriptional aberrations
Authors: Kuwahara Hiroyuki , Alkuraya Fowzan , Gao Xin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTranscriptome level analysis has been shown to have the great potential for clinical utility. Here, we introduce omega, a between-sample RNA-seq quantification to estimate the abundance level of functional mRNAs which is suitable for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostics of a range of genetic diseases. By using five diagnosed cases of Mendelian diseases as a case study, we show evidence that omega can improve the signal to detect genes with deleterious transcriptional aberrations and drastically reduce the disease-gene search space.
SET8 localization to chromatin flanking DNA damage is dependent on RNF168 ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Dulev Stanimir , Lin Sichun , Liu Qingquan , Cetintas Vildan B. , Batada Nizar N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe DNA damage response (DDR) associated post-translational modifications recruit chromatin remodelers, signaling proteins such as 53BP1 and repair factors to chromatin flanking DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) to promote its repair. Although localization of both RNF168 ubiquitin ligase and SET8 methyltransferase at DSBs is essential for 53BP1’s recruitment to DSBs, it is unclear if they do so via the same pathways. Here we report that RNF168 mediates SET8’s recruitment to DSBs. Depletion of cellular pool of ubiquitin through proteasome inhibition abolished RNF168 and SET8’s localization to DNA damage. Knockdown of RNF8 or RNF168 abolished SET8’s recruitment to DNA damage. Moreover, RNF168 and SET8 form stable complexes in vivo. Based on these results we propose a model in which SET8, which despite being a pan-chromatin binding protein, can accumulate several folds at chromatin flanking DSBs through tethering to other proteins that specifically localize to chromatin regions with specific modifications.
Gaze direction as equilibrium: more evidence from spatial and temporal aspects of small-saccade triggering in the rhesus macaque monkey
Authors: Hafed Ziad M. , Goffart Laurent 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRigorous behavioral studies made in human subjects have shown that small-eccentricity target displacements are associated with increased saccadic reaction times, but the reasons for this remain unclear. Before characterizing the neurophysiological foundations underlying this relationship between the spatial and temporal aspects of saccades, we tested the triggering of small saccades in the male rhesus macaque monkey. We also compared our results to those obtained in human subjects, both from the existing literature and through our own additional measurements. Using a variety of behavioral tasks exercising visual and non-visual guidance of small saccades, we found that small saccades consistently require more time than larger saccades to be triggered in the non-human primate, even in the absence of any visual guidance and when valid advance information about the saccade landing position is available. We also found a strong asymmetry in the reaction times of small upward versus downward visually-guided saccades, similar to larger saccades, a phenomenon that has not been described before for small saccades, even in humans. Following the suggestion that an eye movement is not initiated as long as the visuo-oculomotor system is within a state of balance, in which opposing commands counterbalance each other, we propose that the longer reaction times are a signature of enhanced times needed to create the symmetry-breaking condition that puts downstream premotor neurons into a push-pull regime necessary for rotating the eyeballs. Our results provide an important catalog of non-human primate oculomotor capabilities on the miniature scale, allowing concrete predictions on underlying neurophysiological mechanisms.
The type IV pilin PilA couples surface attachment and cell cycle initiation in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Medico Luca Del , Cerletti Dario , Christen Matthias , Christen Beat 
Published: September 2019

Understanding how bacteria colonize surfaces and regulate cell cycle progression in response to cellular adhesion is of fundamental importance. Here, we used transposon sequencing in conjunction with FRET microscopy to uncover the molecular mechanism how surface sensing drives cell cycle initiation in Caulobacter crescentus. We identified the type IV pilin protein PilA as the primary signaling input that couples surface contact to cell cycle initiation via the second messenger c-di-GMP. Upon retraction of pili filaments, the monomeric pilin reservoir in the inner membrane is sensed by the 17 amino-acid transmembrane helix of PilA to activate the PleC-PleD two component signaling system, increase cellular c-di-GMP levels and signal the onset of the cell cycle. We termed the PilA signaling sequence CIP for cell cycle initiating pilin peptide. Addition of the chemically synthesized CIP peptide initiates cell cycle progression and simultaneously inhibits surface attachment. The broad conservation of the type IV pili and their importance in pathogens for host colonization suggests that CIP peptide mimetics offer new strategies to inhibit surface-sensing, prevent biofilm formation and control persistent infections.Significance StatementPili are hair-like appendages found on the surface of many bacteria to promote adhesion. Here, we provide systems-level findings on a molecular signal transduction pathway that interlinks surface sensing with cell cycle initiation. We propose that surface attachment induces depolymerization of pili filaments. The concomitant increase in pilin sub-units within the inner membrane function as a stimulus to activate the second messenger c-di-GMP and trigger cell cycle initiation. Further-more, we show that the provision of a 17 amino acid synthetic peptide corresponding to the membrane portion of the pilin sub-unit mimics surface sensing, activates cell cycle initiation and inhibits surface attachment. Thus, synthetic peptide mimetics of pilin may represent new chemotypes to control biofilm formation and treat bacterial infections.
Plastidial (p)ppGpp synthesis by the Ca2+-dependent RelA-SpoT homolog regulates the adaptation of chloroplast gene expression to darkness in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ono Sumire , Suzuki Sae , Ito Doshun , Tagawa Shota , Shiina Takashi , Masuda Shinji 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn bacteria, the hyper-phosphorylated nucleotides, guanosine 5’-diphosphate 3’-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5’-triphosphate 3’-diphosphate (pppGpp), function as secondary messengers in the regulation of various metabolic processes of the cell, including transcription, translation, and enzymatic activities, especially under nutrient deficiency. The activity carried out by these nucleotide messengers is known as the stringent response. (p)ppGpp levels are controlled by two distinct enzymes, namely, RelA and SpoT, in Escherichia coli. RelA-SpoT homologs (RSHs) are also conserved in plants and algae where they function in the plastids. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains four RSHs: RSH1, RSH2, RSH3, and Ca2+-dependent RSH (CRSH). Genetic characterizations of RSH1, RSH2, and RSH3 were undertaken, which showed that the (p)ppGpp-dependent plastidial stringent response significantly influences plant growth and stress acclimation. However, the physiological significance of CRSH-dependent (p)ppGpp synthesis remains unclear, as no crsh-null mutant has been available. Here to investigate the function of CRSH, a crsh-knockout mutant of Arabidopsis was constructed using a site-specific gene-editing technique, and its phenotype was characterized. A transient increase of ppGpp was observed for 30 min in the wild type (WT) after light-to-dark transition, but this increase was not observed in the crsh mutant. Similar analyzes were performed with the rsh2rsh3 double and rsh1rsh2rsh3 triple mutants of Arabidopsis and showed that the transient increments of ppGpp in the mutants were higher than those in the WT. The increase of (p)ppGpp in the WT and rsh2rsh3 accompanied decrements in the mRNA levels of psbD transcribed by the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase. These results indicated that the transient increase of intracellular ppGpp at night is due to CRSH-dependent ppGpp synthesis and the (p)ppGpp level is maintained by the hydrolytic activities of RSH1, RSH2, and RSH3 to accustom plastidial gene expression to darkness.
Management accountant’s role and society’s expectations: Sri Lankan study
Authors: Rajeevan Shanmugavel 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to gain insights into the gap between management accounting professional’s role and the societal expectations of the management accounting professionals in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research approach was adopted to identify the statistical gap of the management accountant’s role and society’s expectations. Four business sectors were selected from Colombo Stock Exchange as of 31 December 2018. Sample consisted of 160 entities; 480 questionnaires were distributed among three stakeholders (financial accountant/manager, management accountant and human resource manager). Out of the 228 responses received, only 171 responses were usable. Exhibiting an overall response rate of 35.6 per cent.

Findings
The role expectation of management accountants varies significantly across the selected business sectors in Sri Lanka. There is an increasing demand for contemporary management accounting skills in Sri Lanka.

Practical implications
The insights of this study would be of use to policy makers and policy implementers to examine and develop remedial measures to enhance the creditability and transparency of the management accounting profession in Sri Lanka. Academic and professional educational providers can identify future trends and necessary skills of management accounting to improve management accounting curriculum.

Originality/value
The evidence from this study contributes to the literature of societal importance of management accounting from a Sri Lankan perspective.
What can neuroscience offer marketing research?
Authors: Sung Billy , Wilson Nicholas J. , Yun Jin Ho , LEE Eun Ju 
Published: September 2019

PurposeNeuroimaging technologies such as electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging allow us to analyze consumers’ brains in real time as they experience emotions. These technologies collect and integrate data on consumers’ brains for big data analytics. The purpose of this paper is to identify new opportunities and challenges for neuromarketing as an applied neuroscience.Design/methodology/approachThe authors discuss conceptual and methodological contributions of neuromarketing based on studies that have employed neural approaches in market-related investigations, explaining the various tools and designs of neuromarketing research. The authors identify marketing-related questions to which neuroscientific approaches can make meaningful contributions, evaluating several challenges that lie ahead for neuromarketing.FindingsThe authors summarize the contributions of neuromarketing and discuss synergistic findings that neuromarketing has the potential to yield.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors ask: do consumers’ self-reported choices and their neural representations tell different stories?; what are the effects of subtle and peripheral marketing stimuli?; and can neuromarketing help to reveal the underlying causal mechanisms for perceptual and learning processes, such as motivation and emotions?Practical implicationsThe authors identify marketing-related questions to which neuroscientific approaches can make meaningful contributions, evaluating several challenges that lie ahead for neuromarketing.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no current review has identified avenues for future research in neuromarketing and the emerging challenges that researchers may face. The current paper aims to update readers on what neuroscience and other psychophysiological measures have achieved, as well as what these tools have to offer in the field of marketing. The authors also aim to foster greater application of neuroscientific methods, beyond the more biased/post-test methods such as self-report studies, which currently exist in consumer research.