bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suizidalität bei Abhängigkeit von illegalen Substanzen und psychotrop wirksamen Medikamenten
Authors: Schneider Barbara , Eilert Lisa , Milin Sascha , Schäfer Ingo 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungPsychische Erkrankungen sind die wichtigsten einzelnen Risikofaktoren für Suizid, wobei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle spielen. In diese Übersicht wurden Kohortenstudien und kontrollierte psychologische Autopsiestudien sowie Reviews, die bis 2019 publiziert wurden, zum Risiko für suizidales Verhalten einschließlich Suizid, bei Abhängigkeit von psychotrop wirksamen Medikamenten (Opioiden und Benzodiazepinen) und Konsum von illegalen Substanzen eingeschlossen. Bei allen untersuchten substanzbezogenen Störungen, insbesondere bei Konsum von Opioiden und Mischkonsum, war das Suizidrisiko stark erhöht. So ist beispielsweise bei Drogenabhängigkeit das Suizidrisiko etwa um das 20-Fache gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung erhöht.Zusammenhänge zwischen Konsum von Drogen und Medikamenten und Entstehung von Suizidalität sind sehr komplex, was sich letztlich auch auf Möglichkeiten der Suizidprävention bei Suchterkrankungen auswirkt.
A Rare Cause of Weight Loss in Immunocompetent Subject
Authors: Nasa Mukesh , Gupta Mahesh , Bhansali Shashank , Lipi Lipika , Puri Rajesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report a case of 61-year-old immunocompetent man with no comorbidity presenting with unexplained weight loss. All routine investigations could not point to the etiology of weight loss, but duodenal biopsy taken on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode endemic to Indian subcontinent. The patient recovered after course of albendazole, and in the absence of other causality, weight loss was attributed to strongyloidiasis.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Large Common Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct Stones: Efficacy, Safety and Analysis of Factors That Favor Stone Fragmentation
Authors: Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Wani Zaffar Ali , Dar Hilal Ahmad , Shah Altaf H , Singh Bhagat , Javid Gul 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) with subsequent endoscopic extraction of residual fragments is an established treatment option in technically challenging situations for extraction of pancreatic and common bile duct calculi. Common bile duct (CBD) stone fragmentation rates of 71 to 95% have been reported with ESWL, leading to final duct clearance rates of 70 to 90%. While complete clearance of 76% and partial clearance of 17% of pancreatic duct calculi have been documented with ESWL, our study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of ESWL in clearance of difficult bile duct and large pancreatic duct calculi.
Methods: The study population consisted of 61 patients who had either large or difficult bile duct calculi or large pancreatic duct calculi documented on ultrasonography abdomen or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). All patients were subjected to ESWL sessions with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) placement till stones got fragmented.
Results: A total of 1,284 patients underwent ERCP for either choledocholithiasis or pancreatic duct calculi during the study period (June 2015 to December 2016). Out of them 61 patients had either large or difficult CBD calculi or large pancreatic duct calculi. Forty (65.57%) had choledocholithiasis (Group-A) and 21 (34.42%) had chronic calcific pancreatitis (Group-B). CBD was cleared in 37 patients (92.5%) and 3 patients (7.5%) underwent surgical intervention. Main pancreatic duct (MPD) was cleared in all patients with clearance rate of 100%.
Conclusions: ESWL is an effective and safe method for clearance of difficult CBD and pancreatic duct calculi. Combined efficacy of duct clearance is >90%. Complications are minimal and managed conservatively.
A Last-Ditch Effort and Personalized Surgeon Letter Improves PROMs Follow-Up Rate in Sports Medicine Patients: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tariq Muhammad B. , Jones Morgan H. , Strnad Greg , Sosic Elizabeth , Spindler Kurt P. ,   Cleveland Clinic OME Sports Health
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) are important for the advancement of orthopaedic surgeries. The primary difficulty while collecting PROMs is obtaining adequate follow-up rates. Therefore, it is important to find methods to improve follow-up, especially in patients who have failed to respond to initial attempts. We hypothesized that PROMs follow-up could be effectively increased by sending a salvage-effort personalized surgeon letter to sports medicine patients who failed to respond to initial (centralized electronic, mail, and/or phone contacts) PROMs collection 1 year after surgery. Patients who failed to respond to 1-year follow-up of postoperative PROMs collection at our outpatient sports medicine surgery center were included. Patients were randomized into an intervention or control group. Patients in the intervention group were mailed PROMs form and an Institutional Review Board-approved letter that was personalized with surgical information, surgeon picture, and surgeon signature. Control group was mailed the same letter a month later. Chi-squared analysis was conducted at 5 weeks. Out of 843 surgeries, our initial 1-year PROMs follow-up rate was 65%, which allowed for 292 patients to be eligible for our study. After exclusions, 281 patients (randomized to 140 control group and 141 intervention group) were included in our study. We found a 20% response rate in the intervention group with 28 patients returning PROMs as compared with a 1.4% rate in the control group with two patients returning PROMs. The odds ratio was 17.1 (95% confidence interval: 4–73.3; p < 0.0001). A salvage-effort personalized surgeon letter is an efficient and relatively cost-effective method to increase PROMs follow-up rate, which means that a personalized surgeon letter can reach and engage patients who would otherwise be considered lost to follow-up, allowing for better outcomes monitoring after surgery.
DNA probes that store mechanical information reveal transient piconewton forces applied by T cells
Authors: Ma Rong , Kellner Anna V. , Ma Victor Pui-Yan , Su Hanquan , Deal Brendan R. , Brockman Joshua M. , Salaita Khalid 
Published: August 2019

Significance
To defend against cancer and viral infections, the T cell receptor (TCR) must recognize antigens on the surface of target cells. TCR antigen recognition involves the transmission of forces which are often weak, infrequent, and short lived, and hence difficult to study. We solve this challenge by developing molecular probes that store mechanical information. This approach reveals the TCR forces when encountering different antigens, and this mechanical sampling is correlated with antigen potency. Since coreceptors are heavily involved in tuning immune function, we investigate the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD1) and show that T cells transmit forces to this coinhibitory receptor, thus suggesting that mechanics may play a role in this important checkpoint pathway.
Programming curvilinear paths of flat inflatables
Authors: Siéfert Emmanuel , Reyssat Etienne , Bico José , Roman Benoît 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Inflatable structures are flat and foldable when empty and both lightweight and stiff when pressurized and deployed. They are easy to manufacture by fusing 2 inextensible sheets together along a defined pattern of lines. However, the prediction of their deployed shape remains a mathematical challenge, which results from the coupling of geometrical constraints and the strongly nonlinear and asymmetric mechanical properties of their composing material: thin sheets are very stiff on extensional loads, while they easily shrink by buckling or wrinkling when compressed. We discuss the outline shape, local cross-section, and state of stress of any curvilinear open path. We provide a reverse model to design any desired curved 2-dimensional shape from initially flat tubes.
Sleeping with the fishes
Authors: Parini Ilaria 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The use of accents and language variation in films is a long established practice that manipulates language as a tool in the construction of characters, so as to convey specific characteristics. This is even more evident in animated films, where language is used as a quick way to build character and reaffirm stereotype. Shark Tale is an animated comedy produced in 2004 by DreamWorks Animation. The characters of the film speak different variations of American English, which are used to attribute different features to them. This paper will focus on a group of characters who present a series of elements (both on a narrative and a linguistic level) that makes it easy to identify them as Italian American Mafiosi, and on the strategies used in Italian dubbing.
A dialogue on populism?
Authors: Degano Chiara , Sicurella Federico Giulio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Most works on populism framed in a discourse-analytic perspective focus on the features of populist discourse itself, contributing greatly to the understanding of the phenomenon. However, a full understanding of populism should also consider the ways in which notions of populism are constructed, negotiated, reproduced, and popularised in public discourse, as this contributes to forming public opinion at large and people’s responses to populism itself. For this reason, the chapter addresses discourses about populism, with a focus on editorials dealing with Brexit in the British and Italian press. Although their position of supremacy in orienting public opinion has been partly mined by talk shows, blogs, and social media at large, opinion pieces remain one of the most important sites in which intellectuals (generally senior journalists) publicly share their views trying at the same time to influence the opinion of the readers. Based on an original framework integrating categories from critical discourse studies, argumentation theory, and the study of heteroglossia/dialogism, the analysis focuses on the ways in which editorialists define and evaluate populism and populists, the argumentative topoi they employ to support their standpoints, and whether and how they engage alternative viewpoints. In our view, all these aspects concur to expand or reduce the space of dialogue created by the text, and hence, we claim, the ability of the readers to feel included, and see their positions represented, in the broader discussion. The risk is that if no dialogue is opened at all with the people who uphold populist views, intellectual discourse will fail to involve them as interlocutors in a critical discussion, thus making them more receptive (or vulnerable) to populist propaganda.
Performance assessment of long-legged tightly-baffled divertor geometries in the ARC reactor concept
Authors: Wigram M.R.K. , LaBombard B. , Umansky M.V. , Kuang A.Q. , Golfinopoulos T. , Terry J.L. , Brunner D. , Rensink M.E. , Ridgers C.P. , Whyte D.G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Extremely intense power exhaust channels are projected for tokamak-based fusion power reactors; a means to handle them remains to be demonstrated. Advanced divertor configurations have been proposed as potential solutions. Recent modelling of tightly baffled, long-legged divertor geometries for the divertor test tokamak concept, ADX, has shown that these concepts may access passively stable, fully detached regimes over a broad range of parameters. The question remains as to how such divertors may perform in a reactor setting. To explore this, numerical simulations are performed with UEDGE for the long-legged divertor geometry proposed for the ARC pilot plant conceptual design—a device with projected heat flux power width (

) of 0.4 mm and power exhaust of 93 MW—first for a simplified Super-X divertor configuration (SXD) and then for the actual X-point target divertor (XPTD) being proposed. It is found that the SXD, combined with 0.5% fixed-fraction neon impurity concentration, can produce passively stable, detached divertor regimes for power exhausts in the range of 80–108 MW—fully accommodating ARC’s power exhaust. The XPTD configuration is found to reduce the strike-point temperature by a factor of  ∼10 compared to the SXD for small separations (∼1.4

) between main and divertor X-point magnetic flux surfaces. Even greater potential reductions are identified for reducing separations to  ∼1

or less. The power handling response is found to be insensitive to the level of cross-field convective or diffusive transport assumed in the divertor leg. By raising the separatrix density by a factor of 1.5, stable fully detached divertor solutions are obtained that fully accommodate the ARC exhaust power without impurity seeding. To our knowledge, this is the first time an impurity-free divertor power handling scenario has been obtained in edge modelling for a tokamak fusion power reactor with

of 0.4 mm.
Estimating the contribution of crop residues to soil organic carbon conservation
Authors: Stella Tommaso , Mouratiadou Ioanna , Gaiser Thomas , Berg-Mohnicke Michael , Wallor Evelyn , Ewert Frank , Nendel Claas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Crop residues contribute to the maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) stores, a key component of soil fertility and soil-based climate change mitigation strategies, such as the ‘4 per 1000’ initiative. Residues are also in demand in sectors coupled to crop production, such as the supply chain of livestock and bioenergy production. Ongoing debate revolves around balancing these competing uses, but science-based assessments of the long-term sustainability of residue exploitation are rare. This work uses biophysical simulation modelling to explore the likely response of SOC to different management strategies, using the land area of North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) as a case study. Four strategies are tested: zero, one third and 100% removal of cereal residues, plus an approach proposed by the State farm advisory service. Simulations are carried out for the period 1971–2050 and 19 crop rotations coincident with land use throughout the study area. Uncertainty associated with the modelled SOC changes is explored by sampling values of relevant parameters for SOC turnover and running an ensemble of model configurations. Simulated SOC is used to trace time-dependent response functions following a change in residue management under different soil textures, initial SOC levels and crop rotations. Results highlight a general exponential decrease in SOC, with relative changes in 2050 distributed between +10% and −40% with respect to a reference period. SOC loss can be buffered or offset by returning all crop residues to the soil. Under such management, an SOC increase can be achieved on clayey soils characterized by a low initial SOC. Under moderate crop residue removal, positive SOC trends are limited to a few crop rotations. In this context, 4 per 1000 increase rate in SOC appears largely out of reach through residue management, calling for additional measures to meet the targets of land-based mitigation of anthropogenic emissions.
Finite element analysis of hot roll-forming process of local thickened U-rib for bridge
Authors: Peng Xue-Feng , Han Jing-Tao , Liu Jia-Sheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To solve the problems of small welding area and poor welding quality between traditional U-rib and bridge decks, a new type local thickened U-rib (LTU-rib) proposed by bridge experts. In this paper, the simulation software ABAQUS is used to simulate a hot roll-forming process of LTU-rib. Finite element model of hot roll-forming process was established. The influence of the pass design schemes and temperature parameters on the hot roll-forming process was analyzed and discussed. The simulation results show that first scheme is more suitable for hot roll-forming process. Although forming temperature can reduce the roll-forming force and improve the metal fluidity, excessive temperature will lead to redundant deformation. The simulation results provide a reference for the parameters design of actual hot roll-forming process.
Fiber Metal Laminate Structure, a good replacement for monolithic and composite materials
Authors: Sherkatghanad Ehsan , Lang Lihui , Blala Hamza , Li Lei , Alexandrov Sergei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Lightweight materials such as aluminium alloys, magnesium alloys, and composite material present a significant possibility for applications in automobile and aerospace structures. In order to consider the feasibility of selecting and replacing such materials in the form of hybrid laminated materials, calculations and simulations are investigated with different lightweight materials such as single layer aluminium, fiber-reinforced composite materials, and the aluminium composite laminates, the carbon and glass cloth as the middle layer, under the constant force condition. The stiffness and deflections of these materials are discussed and compared in details. According to calculations, FE and experimental results validate that the deflections and the stiffness of different materials can be predicted well. In order to finalize the material selection, especially for aerospace-based components, the weight ratios are very determinative. Actually, a material with the superior specific stiffness and strength will be the best one considering some other limitations such as corrosion. Calculating the mass ratio of the suggested lightweight materials were done to find an appropriate one. In fact, these kinds of materials have the advantages of both metallic alloys and composites. In addition, in cases where corrosion resistance, environmental protection, fatigue resistance, and impact resistance are needed, FMLs can be the best choice.
A novel way of avoiding stylus drop down from model while scanning
Authors: Lei Wu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on analysing the basic feature of scanning process, this paper proposes a new architecture to regulate autonomous scanning speed with the nominal vector DN
. In addition, explains and demonstrates how to introduce the nominal vector DN
into the tracer scanning for successive and self-adjusting scanning speed and autonomy contact level between stylus of trace and model according to the curved surface. The technical activities and experimental results shown that the parameter of nominal vector DN
play a proper role in the case of retaining tracer contact on curved surface especially when stylus scanning from horizontal plane to the vertical plane.
On the Inclusion Model of Localized Heating in an Elastic Plane
Authors: Li P , Jin X , Zhang X , Luo D , An Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Failure localization in a variety of mechanical structures may be ascribed to elevated temperature, which may be effectively analyzed by employing the inclusion model. This work presents an explicit solution to the plane thermal inclusion problem, based on the customized Green’s function. A contour integral representation is further developed so as to provide an effective and straightforward approach for treating an arbitrarily shaped inclusion. Several benchmark examples are examined to validate the present solution.
Enhancement of critical heat flux under subcooled boiling of deionized water in a curved flow channel
Authors: Urfa Rasool , Lu Daogang , Asran Noor Farooq , Munib Ansari , Aazim Rasool 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The numerical calculations are performed to predict critical heat flux (CHF) during subcooled boiling of deionized water through 90° curved flow channel with square cross-section. Two types of flow regimes have been observed at low and high flow velocities. In case of low flow velocities, the continuous accumulation of vapors formed a vapor blanket on heating surface which consequently reduced heat dissipation out of the surface and triggered CHF due to drying out of liquid between vapor blanket and heating wall. On the other hand, coolant circulation at higher velocities hindered the formation of vapor blanket and allowed subcooled liquid for rewetting. The consistent rewetting led the formation of small and separate vapor blankets. The enhancement in CHF has been observed with increased degree of subcooling and by increasing flow velocity in present study.
Extreme precipitation over East Asia under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming targets: a comparison of stabilized and overshoot projections
Authors: Li Donghuan , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Wenxia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Highly populated East Asia is vulnerable to extreme precipitation. Here, we use Community Earth System Model low-warming simulations to examine how extreme precipitation events may change in East Asia under the Paris Agreement global warming targets. The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation will increase markedly over East Asia in the warmer climates. Limiting end-of-century warming to 1.5 °C, in comparison with 2 °C, will reduce the risks of extreme precipitation frequency and intensity in East Asia by 26%–31%, with the greatest reductions (38%–54%) in Japan. A brief overshoot of the 1.5 °C target would affect Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula and Japan from the aspects of regional average. More than 25% of the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in these regions can be avoided during the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) if there is no temperature overshoot, according to the best estimate. Vertical moisture advection is the main contributor to changes in precipitation-minus-evaporation in East Asia in the warmer climates. The increased low-level specific humidity and cyclonic circulation changes are the dominant thermodynamic and dynamical processes that contribute to the increase of precipitation over South China and Japan. Our work suggests that limiting warming to 1.5 °C without overshoot is beneficial to minimizing the impacts associated with precipitation extremes across East Asia.
Microstructural and compositional optimization of La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ—BaZr1−zYzO3−δ (z = 0, 0.05 and 0.1) nanocomposite cathodes for protonic ceramic fuel cells
Authors: Rioja-Monllor Laura , Bernuy-Lopez Carlos , Fontaine Marie-Laure , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari-Ann 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cathodes are one of the key components of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) requiring further development to enhance the performance of PCFCs. This encompasses the optimization of material compositions and microstructures, as well as a further understanding of the electrode processes. Here, a compositional optimization of a La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ
—BaZrO3-based nano-composite cathode prepared by exsolution of a single-phase material was performed by substituting 5 and 10 mol% Y at the B-site in the BaZrO3 phase. Electrodes with different microstructures were prepared by two different deposition methods, spray coating and screen printing, and by varying the firing temperature from 600°C to 1100 °C. Further, composite electrodes were prepared by directly coating and firing the single-phase materials on the dense electrolyte to prepare symmetric cells. A good adhesion of the cathode to the electrolyte was observed in all cases. In general, a more homogeneous microstructure was observed for the cathodes prepared by screen printing. The single step method encompassing exsolution of the single phase and firing of the symmetric cells yielded significant improvement in the cathode performance compared to the other routes. The best electrochemical performance was observed for La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ
—BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95 cathode with an area specific resistance of 4.02 Ω · cm2 at 400 °C and 0.21 Ω · cm2 at 600 °C in 3% moist synthetic air. These results are among the best reported for cathodes of PCFCs as will be discussed.