bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress and Cancer
Authors: Klaunig James E. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Cancer is considered a major cause of death worldwide. The etiology of cancer is linked
to environmental and genetic inheritance causes. Approximately 90 percent of all human cancers have an environmental
cause (non-genetic inheritance) predominantly through lifestyle choices (smoking, diet, UV radiation)
while the remaining due to infections and chemical exposure. Cancer is a multistage process that involves mutational
changes and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Research has firmly established a causal and contributory role
of oxidative stress and oxidative damage in cancer initiation and progression.

Methods:
The purpose of this article is to review the role that oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species play in
the development of cancer. Both endogenous and exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species result in increased
oxidative stress in the cell. Excess reactive oxygen fumed can result in damage to and modification of
cellular macromolecules most importantly genomic DNA that can produce mutations. In addition, oxidative stress
modulates gene expression of downstream targets involved in DNA repair, cell proliferation and antioxidants. The
modulation of gene expression by oxidative stress occurs in part through activation or inhibition of transcription
factors and second messengers. The role of single nuclear polymorphism for oxidative DNA repair and enzymatic
antioxidants is important in determining the potential human cancer risk.

Conclusion:
oxidative stress and the resulting oxidative damage are important contributors to the formation and
progression of cancer.
Antiretroviral Therapy-associated Adverse Drug Reactions and their Effects on Virologic Failure- A Retrospective Cohort Study in Nigeria
Authors: Abah Isaac O. , Ncube Nondumiso B.Q. , Bradley Hazel A. , AgbaJi Oche O. , Kanki Phyllis 
Published: February 2019

Background:Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) can rapidly reverse the gains of ART resulting in poor health outcomes. We need an improved understanding of specific ART-related ADRs that influence virologic outcomes.Objective:To investigate the frequency of clinical ADRs and assess their effect on virologic failure in patients on ART.Method:We described the prevalence of major clinical ADRs, and the association between specific ADRs and virologic failure in a clinic cohort of HIV-1 infected Nigerians aged ≥18 years, on firstline ART between June 2004 and February 2012. Multivariable logistic regression was run to identify predictors of virologic failure at 24 and 72 weeks of ART.Results:Data of 12,115 patients with a median age of 34 (interquartile range: 29-41) years, and predominantly females (67%) were evaluated. Overall, 957 (7.9%) patients experienced at least one ADR during a median follow-up period of 4 years (interquartile range: 1-7). The three most prevalent ADRs were lipodystrophy (2.6%), anemia (1.9%), and skin rash (0.7%). Virologic failure rate was 36% and 34% at 24 and 72 weeks of ART, respectively. Anemia independently predicted the odds of virologic failure at 72 weeks of ART (adjusted odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI: 1.2-2.51); adjusted for sex, age, pre-treatment CD4+ cell count, antiretroviral regimen, and medication refill adherence.Conclusion:Antiretroviral therapy-associated anemia increases the likelihood of late virologic failure. We recommend routine monitoring of hemoglobin levels and prompt management of anemia in all patients on ART as a strategy to improve virologic success rates.
In Silico Inhibition of BACE-1 by Selective Phytochemicals as Novel Potential Inhibitors: Molecular Docking and DFT Studies
Authors: Arif Nadia , Subhani Andleeb , Hussain Waqar , Rasool Nouman 
Published: February 2019

Background:Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has become the most common age-dependent disease of dementia. The trademark pathologies of AD are the presence of amyloid aggregates in neurofibrils. Recently phytochemicals being considered as potential inhibitors against various neurodegenerative, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral diseases in human beings.Objective:This study targets the inhibition of BACE-1 by phytochemicals using in silico drug discovery analysis.Methods:A total of 3150 phytochemicals were collected from almost 25 different plants through literature assessment. The ADMET studies, molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) based analysis were performed to analyze the potential inhibitory properties of these phytochemicals.Results:The ADMET and docking results exposed seven compounds that have high potential as an inhibitory agent against BACE-1 and show binding affinity >8.0 kcal/mol against BACE-1. They show binding affinity greater than those of various previously reported inhibitors of BACE-1. Furthermore, DFT based analysis has shown high reactivity for these seven phytochemicals in the binding pocket of BACE- 1, based on ELUMO, EHOMO and Kohn-Sham energy gap. All seven phytochemicals were testified (as compared to experimental ones) as novel inhibitors against BACE-1.Conclusion:Out of seven phytochemicals, four were obtained from plant Glycyrrhiza glabra i.e. Shinflavanone, Glabrolide, Glabrol and PrenyllicoflavoneA, one from Huperzia serrate i.e. Macleanine, one from Uncaria rhynchophylla i.e. 3a-dihydro-cadambine and another one was from VolvalerelactoneB from plant Valeriana-officinalis. It is concluded that these phytochemicals are suitable candidates for drug/inhibitor against BACE-1, and can be administered to humans after experimental validation through in vitro and in vivo trials.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 2-(Substituted-phenyl)-3-(4-(4- Nitrophenyl)Thiazol-2-yl)Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Patil Shailendra 
Published: February 2019

Background:Diseases caused by microbial infections are very common worldwide. Although the search of innovative antimicrobial agents is the current focus for the researchers, the treatment of infectious diseases remains an important public health issue and a challenging problem in front of medicinal chemist.Methods:A series of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-(4-nitrophenyl) thiazol-2-yl)thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (T1-T10) was designed and synthesized. All the titled compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential. Antimicrobial activity was performed by tube dilution methods against Gram negative Escherichia coli MTCC 443 (E. Coli), Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160 (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 (B. Subtilis), and fungal strains: Aspergillus niger MTCC 281 (A. niger) and Candida albicans MTCC 227 (C. albicans).Results:Among the synthesized derivatives, compounds 2, 4 and 10 were found to be most active antimicrobial agents.Conclusion:In conclusion, a series of 2-(phenyl)-3-(4-(phenyl)thiazol-2-yl)thiazolidin-4-ones have been designed and synthesized. All the titled compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against five representative microorganisms. The results of antimicrobial study indicated that the presence of nitro and chloro groups in aromatic ring improved antibacterial activity, whereas the presence of hydroxy group improved antifungal activity of substituted 4-thiazolidinone derivatives.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carbazole Derivatives as Antitubercular and Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Sellamuthu Satheeshkumar , Bhat Mohammad F. , Kumar Ashok , Nath Gopal , Singh Sushil K. 
Published: February 2019

Background:The neuroleptic chlorpromazine has been reported for antitubercular activity but the associated antipsychotic activity restricted its clinical presentation.Objectives:Novel derivatives of carbazole having structural similarity with chlorpromazine were designed, in an attempt to reduce the associated side effects, while retaining the antitubercular activity.Materials and Methods:The designed molecules were synthesized and screened for antitubercular and antibacterial activities. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and mammalian cell (VERO) cytotoxicity (CC50) were examined to determine the safety of compounds.Results:Among the developed compounds, 14c, 15c, 16c and 17c were found to be promising against Mtb H37Rv at MIC of 1.56 &amp;#181;g/ml. They were also effective against S. aureus and E. coli at MIC of 0.98 and 7.81 &amp;#181;g/ml, respectively. The BBB permeability of the compounds was found to be less than chlorpromazine. Therefore, the developed compounds are expected to have diminished antipsychotic effect. The compounds were further marked safe against mammalian VERO cells at CC50 > 90 &amp;#181;g/ml.Conclusion:The profound antitubercular activity with a concomitant reduction in BBB permeability of carbazole derivatives can pave new vista in the discovery of antitubercular drugs.
Herrie bij een herstart: Vliegveld Laarbuch zorgt voor grensoverschrijdend planningsprobleem
Authors: Blüm Jan Jaap 
Published: February 2019

Een Duits stadje dat in een spookstad dreigt te veranderen, Nederlanders die bang zijn voor geluidsoverlast en een verlaten strook beton van vijfendertig bij drieduizend meter: een relaas over het herbestemmen van een militair vliegveld.
Code Compliance and Functionality of Low-Energy Automatic Doors at Universities
Authors: Bown Michael , Hutchings Mark D. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Facility managers at universities should be concerned about the safety of those using low-energy automatic doors in campus buildings, particularly disabled people. People in wheelchairs have increased risk of injury from automatic door malfunction due to their limited mobility. Beyond basic functionality – opening and closing automatically – these doors must also adhere to certain government standards which are measurable. Facility management departments that operate under staffing constraints might not have enough resources to regularly verify that their doors are functioning within the government standard – especially at universities with numerous doors. In such cases, facility managers often rely on reactive feedback (i.e., feedback from users) to know when a door needs attention. Generally, such reactive feedback provides information on whether the doors are functioning, not on whether they are meeting government standards. This study 1) determined whether low-energy automatic doors at universities in the Intermountain West were properly working and were code compliant; 2) developed a simple methodology for measuring code compliance of low-energy automatic doors (opening/closing times and forces) and determining the time needed for facility managers to perform the tests. The study showed that it does not require much effort to measure the “functionality”, meaning the doors open and close properly and are code compliant. This can reduce or eliminate the need for facility managers to rely on inconsistent reactive feedback. The researchers tested 800 doors at seven large universities in the Intermountain West and found that 37 percent of the doors tested were non-functional and/or non-code-compliant. About two minutes were required to test each door. This large number of non-functioning doors should motivate facility managers to proactively test low-energy automatic doors and develop preventive maintenance plans for them.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournaments dan Tipe Scramble Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI IPA pada Materi Larutan Asam-Basa di SMAN 1 Bunta
Authors: Latupeirisa Veronica Purnama Sari , Nuryanti Siti , Mustapa Kasmudin 
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of cooperative learning model teams games tournaments and scramble towards the student's motivation and learning outcomes of class XI IPA on the material of acid-base solutions in SMAN 1 Bunta. This research was a pre-experimental with the static pretest-posttest group design. The samples used in the study were students XI IPA 2 (n=30) as a class experiment 1 and students XI IPA 3 (n=28) as an experiment 2. The results of data analysis, the average value of class experiment 1 () was 78.2 and the experimental class 2 () was 73.21. Results of hypotheses testing by statistical t-test two parties it was obtained -ttable ≤tcal≥ + ttable (tcal = 36.72 for class experiment 1; tcal = 24.65 for class experiment 2 and ttable = 1.67) with a significance level a = 0.05 and degrees of freedom 56, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. The results of the students learning motivation questionnaire showed that the experimental class 1 was the attitude of "strong agree" with the positive category 85.12% and the experimental class 2 was in the attitude of "agree" with the positive category 84.17%. It can be concluded that there is an influence of cooperative learning model teams games tournaments and scramble to the student's motivation and learning outcomes of class XI IPA on the material of acid-base solutions in SMAN 1 Bunta.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN YAM BEAN Pachyrhizus erosus
Authors: Karuniawan Agung 
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity among yam bean landraces collected from different islands of Indonesia based on morphological traits. Thirty-six selected yam beans accessions from diverse ecological regions of Indonesia and six accessions from South and Central America were examined. Field trials were performed at two locations in Bogor, Indonesia, in a randomized block design with two replications. Genetic diversity between accessions based on morphological traits was determined by multivariate analysis. Time to flowering, first pod development, leaf length, leaf width, and internodes length played essential role in classification of the yam beans. A clear separation among the yam bean accessions collected from Indonesia, i.e., Sumatra landraces and the landraces collected from eastern Indonesia was detected. Furthermore, American accessions are not obviously separated from Indonesian yam bean materials.
COLOR POLYMORPHISMS ON COMMON CARP CULTURED IN INDONESIA
Authors: Gustiano Rudhy 
Published: February 2019

In most cases, phenotypic variation is partly a result of genetic differences and partly environmental in origin. It appears that polymorphism is caused by some gene frequency changes which are due to natural selection. Morphological markers (body color and scale pattern) are the easiest indicators to identify and important when large sample are involved. In addition, the coloration in food fishes is often important in determining market price. Moreover, the production of fish depends not only on their genes and environment but also on the interaction of these two factors. Several investigations reported that some color genes have pleiotropic effect on growth rate and viability of fish. Hence, it is important to understand the basis of color polymorphisms in order toenhance genetic improvement and brood stock management plans for common carp in Indonesia. The occurrence color polymorphism showed that the proportion (%) of each color morphs in each farm showed a high proportion of green color morph in common carp stocks. Dark colored carps are preferred over brightly pigmented ones. Bright colored morphs are preferred to the colorless (white). Comparison among the red, yellow, white, green and blue color morphs of common carp showed that each morph has its own specific chromatophore type densities, pigment distribution pattern. The study also showed that color variation is governed by the types of pigment cells present. The genetic color polymorphisms study showed that various color phenotypes were mainly controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance. Symbols for gene loci proposed as follow: B1 and B2 for common green body background (wild type allele), R1 and R2 for red and yellow. T is for wild nontransparent scale type and P for uniform body color background. B1 and B2 are epistatic to R1 and R2 genes. On the basis of the growth rate comparison results obtained on common carp in Indonesia, there was evidence that dark color (green and blue) common carp gained weight faster than the light color one (red). Green and blue colored showed similarity in growth performance.
Validation of Csd Advanced Analysis of Braced Frame Responses Using Subframe Experimental Investigations
Authors: Barszcz A.M 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with a Continuous Stiffness Degradation (CSD) version of advanced analysis of braced steel framing. It is based on the gradual stiffness degradation concept of frame and truss members. A novelty of the approach presented herein is related to the introduction of the bracing member response in the whole range of its behaviour in tension and compression, including the post-limit range. The validation of the proposed advanced analysis is performed for braced framework with rolled angle section braces. The validation of the brace force-deformation model has been presented in the author’s earlier publication. The basis for the presented CSD advanced analysis is briefly summarized and its difference with regard to the Refined Plastic Hinge (RPH) version of advanced analysis is emphasized. Experimental investigations dealing with tests on portal braced sub-frame specimens are referred to briefly. Results of the experimental investigations are presented in the form of a frame global response and they are used for the validation of the developed computational model.
A Study on Fire Safety on Residential and Commercial Construction Sites
Authors: Sivakumar C. , Malathy R. , Sivaprakash P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe construction industry in India is the country’s second largest industrial sector, after agriculture. The construction industry makes a remarkable contribution to the Indian economy and provides employment to a large number of people of India. Fire is a chemical reaction of a combustible substance with oxygen, involving heat and is usually accompanied by a visual flame or incandescence. Ensuring fire safety has always been a challenge to the stakeholders, i.e. building owners, construction companies, contractors and sub-contractors, and government employees due to the multiplicity of the factors involved and their complexity. There are various legal standards and requirements for ensuring fire safety on construction sites. The buildings are normally provided with firewalls during construction and these firewalls separate two structures or divide a structure into smaller portions to prevent the spread of fire. The lightweight construction and trusses are designed to support only their own weight. During a fire, if one fails, a domino effect happens and all fail rapidly within 5 to 10 minutes. Prolonged exposure to fire may result in structural collapse and injury or death of the occupants of the building under construction. Fire safety on construction sites is still in its primitive stages in India. There is a great necessity to improve fire safety on construction sites to protect construction workers and other occupants of the buildings. This study aims to design and implement fire safety systems for construction sites, thereby enhancing the standards to meet the system requirements at par with global standards.
Economic and Labor Sizes from the Brazilian Timber Housing Production Sector
Authors: De Araujo Victor , Nogueira Claudia , Savi Antonio , Sorrentino Marcos , Morales Elen , Cortez-Barbosa Juliana , Gava Maristela , Garcia José 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Brazilian timber housing producers were evaluated through a survey, which was based on face-to-face interviewing supported by a semi-structured questionnaire. Derived from expansive research, this paper aimed to identify labor size and to characterize economic size from this production sector. The sampling process evaluated 50.95% (n = 107) of all producers (n = 210) whose performance was considered close to ideal. This sector is mostly concentrated in micro and small-scale companies, though a small portion of medium-sized companies owned by sole proprietors, families, or small groups of entrepreneurs does exist. Due to compact sizing, no producer was classified as an industry or a large corporation. The main contrast was indicated by the number of direct jobs, whose estimation was about 3,700 workers for the whole studied sector, representing 1% of the overall Brazilian timber industry. Around 95% of timber housing producers are considered micro or small from a labor perspective. Unprecedented information could support discussions for the creation of assertive public policies.
Provision of Loans as a Strategic Choice of an Enterprise
Authors: Białek-Jaworska Anna , Opolski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The article presents motives and purposes of provision of loans by non-financial enterprises. Moreover, it describes how provision of loans influences both the internal and market situation of lenders who are not listed on the stock exchange. We point out effects of provision of loans by non-financial enterprises, while, based on literature review, we signal the market reaction (positive and negative) to information about lending activities of non-financial enterprises. On the one hand, the phenomenon of providing loans by non-financial enterprises may be considered positive, as it provides financing for entities with limited access to bank loans or provides liquidity management in a business group. On the other hand, it may lower the viability and amount of investment of companies providing loans. Loans obtained from outside the business group enable borrowers and the business group to use a tax shield, yet they increase the bankruptcy costs and limit the investment of lenders. An empirical study was carried out with the use of a panel approach (generalized method of moments GMM). The research sample includes 31 075 observations from the financial statements of limited liability companies and unlisted joint-stock companies for the years 2003-2014.
Analysis of the Financial Situation of Selected Respect Index Companies
Authors: Stawska Joanna , Grzesiak Lena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become popular among organizations, the public, and external stakeholders. Recently, it has been appreciated by capital markets the indexes of which are constructed in such a way as to account for companies’ CSR. One of these indexes is the Respect Index of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. This paper analyses the financial condition of Respect Index companies in Poland using the desk research method. The analysis utilizes indicators of the so-called Du Pont’s pyramid (for all companies under consideration) and stock market indices such as a book value per share (BVPS) and a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) (for the banking and insurance sectors and all other sectors, respectively). The analysis shows that the financial condition of the studied Respect Index companies in the years 2013 – 2015 was stable in the period of analysis, despite the not-so-optimistic financial situation of their industries. Socially responsible management can often result in good financial position and increase in the company’s rate, which may be indicated by the fact that the Respect Index increased by 40% in 2009-2015 compared to a lower increase WIG (18%) or WIG20 (-20%) decline. To find out more about the relationship between the stability of companies’ financial results and their CSR, more investigations and analyses of companies included in the Respect Index as well as other companies dedicated to CSR issues need to be conducted.