bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antitumor activity of 2‐isocamphanyl thiosemicarbazone derivatives via ROS‐enhanced mitochondrial damage
Authors: Wang Yunyun , Wang Zhonglong , Kuang Hongbo , Zhang Yan , Gu Wen , Zhu Yongqiang , Wang Shifa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of novel 2‐isocamphanyl thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. In in vitro anticancer activity, most derivatives showed considerable cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines (RPMI‐8226, A549, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cancer cells) and showed low toxicity against human gastric mucosal cells (GES‐1). Among them, compound 4h exhibited excellent antitumor activity against the tested cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.4, 1.1, 1.6, and 1.7 μM for MDA‐MB‐231, RPMI‐8226, A549, and HepG2, respectively. Further, mechanism studies indicated that compound 4h induced apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells through enhancing reactive oxygen species levels, inducing mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and influencing the expression of Bax, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9.
Topographic characterization of multispecies biofilms growing on dental implant surfaces: An in vitro model
Authors: Bermejo Patricia , Sánchez María Carmen , Llama‐Palacios Arancha , Figuero Elena , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the early biofilm formation over whole dental implants with its micro‐ and macrostructure, using an in vitro multispecies biofilm model.Material and methodsSix bacterial strains (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) were used to develop in vitro biofilms over whole titanium implants (growth times 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hr). The morphology of biofilms was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the bacterial dynamics through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As primary outcome variable, numbers of each species [colony‐forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml)] at different incubation times were compared using the one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc testing with Bonferroni's correction. Furthermore, implants were fixed in methacrylate stents to reproduce the clinical situation and biofilms were developed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.ResultsBacteria colonized implants in a short period of time. Biofilms reached a mature state at 96 hr, exhibiting different ratios of live/dead cells depending on their location, being the peaks of the threads the areas harboring more live bacteria. The densities of each bacteria fluctuated in time, reaching its maximum at 96 hr. Even though the coefficients of variation were high, percentages were similar to those published previously using implant surface specimens, rather than whole implants.ConclusionDental implants can be colonized by different bacterial species, developing into a mature and well‐structured biofilm, which depending on the location may exhibit different degree of bacterial vitality.
A positive deviance approach to improve familial authorization for organ donation
Authors: Fico Ashley E. , Feeley Thomas Hugh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe current study evaluates the Positive Deviance Donation Collaborative, a communication training program designed to identify and disseminate behaviors of requesters with above‐average rates of familial authorization to organ donation. The program initiated with a cohort of 99 requesters from 11 OPOs. Requesters’ quarterly authorization rates were monitored for 33 months, and their pre‐/post‐intervention skills in active‐empathic listening and self‐efficacy to request donation were assessed. Overall, requesters’ mean quarterly authorization rate was 53.69% (SD = 4.54). Multilevel models were used to examine change in authorization rates and communication skills, as well as associations between skills and authorization. Low intraclass correlation coefficients for authorization rates established that most variance was due to within‐requester variation, rather than OPOs (ρ = 0.0129) or requesters within OPOs (ρ = 0.0221). Models indicated that authorization rates and communication skills failed to improve following intervention and did not identify an association between post‐intervention communication skills and authorization. Results provide a framework to discuss programmatic challenges including extensive requester turnover (ie, ~60%), management of data collection across multi‐site interventions, and program content.
Obstetric management, tests, and technologies that impact childhood development
Authors: Novak Christopher M , Graham Ernest M 
Published: January 2019

Childhood brain development begins before birth, and obstetric management, tests, and technologies designed to diagnose and treat fetal conditions can have an impact on development. Preconception counseling for maternal diabetes and hypertension affect the risk of fetal congenital anomalies and growth restriction. Patients with risk factors for pre‐existing maternal diabetes are offered early diabetic screening because earlier diagnosis and treatment can decrease the risk of fetal and neonatal complications. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities in the first or second trimester is offered to all females regardless of age. Cell‐free fetal DNA screening can be used to test for fetal genetic abnormalities as early as 9 weeks of gestation with results available in 10 days. Ultrasound performed around 20 weeks' gestation can identify the 3% of fetuses that have a major congenital malformation. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging can be used to better assess fetal central nervous system abnormalities when neurosonography is inconclusive. Doppler ultrasound can be used to assess blood flow in the umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery to aid in the management of the growth‐restricted fetus. In summary, diagnosis and treatment of maternal and fetal conditions from the preconception period throughout pregnancy are important for optimizing fetal health and provide the best opportunity for optimal child development.What this paper adds

Cell‐free fetal DNA screening can identify fetal genetic abnormalities as early as 9 weeks’ gestation.

Ultrasound performed around 20 weeks’ gestation can detect major fetal congenital malformations.

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging can aid neurosonography in the assessment of fetal central nervous system abnormalities.

Doppler ultrasound to assess fetal blood flow is used to successfully manage the growth‐restricted fetus.
Health literacy in clinical‐high‐risk individuals for psychosis: A systematic mixed‐methods review
Authors: Haidl Theresa K. , Seves Mauro , Eggers Susanne , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Genske Anna , Jünger Saskia , Woopen Christiane , Jessen Frank , Ruhrmann Stephan , Vogeley Kai 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveNumerous studies suggest that health literacy (HL) plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving individual health. Empirical findings highlight the relation between levels of a person's HL and her/his clinical outcome. To date, the role of HL in persons at‐risk for psychosis has not been systematically reviewed.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using a mixed‐methods approach to analyse a variety of study types. Peer‐reviewed publications were systematically searched in PUBMED, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science.ResultsThe search string returned 10587 publications. After screening, 15 quantitative, four qualitative studies and two reviews were included. Only one study assessed HL as primary outcome, assessing knowledge and beliefs about psychosis among the general population. In the other studies, sub‐dimensions of HL were investigated. None of the publications operationalized HL or it's sub‐dimensions with a validated measure.ConclusionsA lack of understanding of their condition, and fear of stigmatization, were associated with a delay in help‐seeking among people with clinical‐high‐risk state for psychosis. Family members, school personnel, general practitioners and the internet play a crucial role in the HL process. Considerable barriers in obtaining adequate specialist support emphasize the urgent need of a “HL environment” for persons at risk for psychosis.
Staging model in psychiatry: Review of the evolution of electroencephalography abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Lavoie Suzie , Polari Andrea R. , Goldstone Sherilyn , Nelson Barnaby , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: January 2019

AimClinical staging in psychiatry aims to classify patients according to the severity of their symptoms, from stage 0 (increased risk, asymptomatic) to stage 4 (severe illness), enabling adapted treatment at each stage of the illness. The staging model would gain specificity if one or more quantifiable biological markers could be identified. Several biomarkers reflecting possible causal mechanisms and/or consequences of the pathophysiology are candidates for integration into the clinical staging model of psychiatric illnesses.MethodsThis review covers the evolution (from stage 0 to stage 4) of the most important brain functioning impairments as measured with electroencephalography (EEG), in psychosis spectrum and in severe mood disorders.ResultsThe present review of the literature demonstrates that it is currently not possible to draw any conclusion with regard to the state or trait character of any of the EEG impairments in both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. As for schizophrenia, the most promising markers of the stage of the illness are the pitch mismatch negativity as well as the p300 event‐related potentials, as these components seem to deteriorate with increasing severity of the illness.ConclusionsGiven the complexity of major psychiatric disorders, and that not a single impairment can be observed in all patients, future research should most likely consider combinations of markers in the quest for a better identification of the stages of the psychiatric illnesses.
Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in Huntington's disease evaluated by phase contrast MRI
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe B. , Byrne Lauren M. , De Vita Enrico , Johnson Eileanoir B. , Hobbs Nicola Z. , Thornton John S. , Scahill Rachael I. , Wild Edward J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMultiple targeted therapeutics for Huntington's disease are now in clinical trials, including intrathecally delivered compounds. Previous research suggests that CSF dynamics may be altered in Huntington's disease, which could be of paramount relevance to intrathecal drug delivery to the brain. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a prospective cross‐sectional study comparing people with early stage Huntington's disease with age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. CSF peak velocity, mean velocity and mean flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct, and sub‐arachnoid space in the upper and lower spine, were quantified using phase contrast MRI. We calculated Spearman's rank correlations, and tested inter‐group differences with Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Ten people with early Huntington's disease, and 10 controls were included. None of the quantified measures was associated with potential modifiers of CSF dynamics (demographics, osmolality, and brain volumes), or by known modifiers of Huntington's disease (age and HTTCAG repeat length); and no significant differences were found between the two studied groups. While external validation is required, the attained results are sufficient to conclude tentatively that a clinically relevant alteration of CSF dynamics – that is, one that would justify dose‐adjustments of intrathecal drugs – is unlikely to exist in Huntington's disease.
Myocyte enhancer factor‐2 and p300 interact to regulate the expression of homeostatic regulator Pumilio in Drosophila
Authors: Lin Wei‐Hsiang , Baines Richard A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPumilio (Pum), an RNA‐binding protein, is a key component of neuron firing‐rate homeostasis that likely maintains stability of neural circuit activity in all animals, from flies to mammals. While Pum is ubiquitously expressed, we understand little about how synaptic excitation regulates its expression in the CNS. Here, we characterized the Drosophila dpum promoter and identified multiple myocyte enhancer factor‐2 (Mef2)‐binding elements. We cloned 12 dmef2 splice variants and used a luciferase‐based assay to monitor dpum promoter activity. While all 12 dMef2 splice variants enhance dpum promoter activity, exon 10‐containing variants induce greater transactivation. Previous work shows dPum expression increases with synaptic excitation. However, we observe no change in dmef2 transcript in larval CNS, of both sexes, exposed to the proconvulsant picrotoxin. The lack of activity dependence is indicative of additional regulation. We identified p300 as a potential candidate. We show that by binding to dMef2, p300 represses dpum transactivation. Significantly, p300 transcript is downregulated by enhanced synaptic excitation (picrotoxin) which, in turn, increases transcription of dpum through derepression of dMef2. These results advance our understanding of dpum by showing the activity‐dependent expression is regulated by an interaction between p300 and dMef2.
How do climate change experiments alter plot‐scale climate?
Authors: Ettinger A. K. , Chuine I. , Cook B. I. , Dukes J. S. , Ellison A. M. , Johnston M. R. , Panetta A. M. , Rollinson C. R. , Vitasse Y. , Wolkovich E. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo understand and forecast biological responses to climate change, scientists frequently use field experiments that alter temperature and precipitation. Climate manipulations can manifest in complex ways, however, challenging interpretations of biological responses. We reviewed publications to compile a database of daily plot‐scale climate data from 15 active‐warming experiments. We find that the common practices of analysing treatments as mean or categorical changes (e.g. warmed vs. unwarmed) masks important variation in treatment effects over space and time. Our synthesis showed that measured mean warming, in plots with the same target warming within a study, differed by up to 1.6 C (63% of target), on average, across six studies with blocked designs. Variation was high across sites and designs: for example, plots differed by 1.1 C (47% of target) on average, for infrared studies with feedback control (n = 3) vs. by 2.2 C (80% of target) on average for infrared with constant wattage designs (n = 2). Warming treatments produce non‐temperature effects as well, such as soil drying. The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biological consequences. With a case study of plant phenology across five experiments in our database, we show how accounting for drier soils with warming tripled the estimated sensitivity of budburst to temperature. We provide recommendations for future analyses, experimental design, and data sharing to improve our mechanistic understanding from climate change experiments, and thus their utility to accurately forecast species’ responses.
Adipose‐derived stem cells attenuate atopic dermatitis‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Park Hyun‐Sun , Son Hye‐Youn , Choi Min‐Ha , Son Youngsook , Kim Sundong , Hong Hyun‐Sook , Park Ji‐Ung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is an unmet need in novel therapeutics for atopic dermatitis (AD). We examined the effects of autologous adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) on AD‐like skin lesions induced by the application of 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. Autologous ADSCs and ADSC‐conditioned medium (ADSC‐CM) were injected intralesionally three times. Clinical severity and histopathologic findings were compared in sham naïve control, saline‐treated, ADSC‐treated, ADSC‐CM‐treated and 2.5% cortisone lotion‐applied animals. The severity index, skin thickness, mast cell number, as well as expression levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, CD45, chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule, chemokine ligand 9 and chemokine ligand 20 were significantly lower in mice treated with ADSC, ADSC‐CM, or 2.5% cortisone lotion. Tissue levels of interferon‐γ as well as serum levels of interleukin‐33 and immunoglobulin E levels were also decreased in those groups. We conclude that autologous ADSCs improved DNCB‐induced AD‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by reducing inflammation associated with Th2 immune response and interferon‐γ.
Systematic variation in North American tree species abundance distributions along macroecological climatic gradients
Authors: Matthews Thomas J. , Sadler Jon P. , Kubota Yasuhiro , Woodall Christopher W. , Pugh Thomas A. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe species abundance distribution (SAD) is a fundamental pattern in macroecology. Understanding how SADs vary spatially, and identifying the variables that drive any change, is important from a theoretical perspective because it enables greater understanding of the factors that underpin the relative abundance of species. However, precise knowledge on how the form of SADs varies across large (continental) scales is limited. Here, we use the shape parameter of the gambin distribution to assess how meta‐community‐scale SAD shape varies spatially as a function of various climatic variables and dataset characteristics.LocationEastern North America (ENA).Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsUsing an extensive continental‐scale dataset of 863,930 individual trees in plots across ENA sampled using a standardized method, we use a spatial regression framework to examine the effect of temperature and precipitation on the form of the SAD. We also assess whether the prevalence of multimodality in the SAD varies spatially across ENA as a function of temperature and precipitation, in addition to other sample characteristics.ResultsWe found that temperature, precipitation and species richness can explain two‐thirds of the variation in tree SAD form across ENA. Temperature had the largest effect on SAD shape, and it was found that increasing temperature resulted in more logseries‐like SAD shapes (i.e. SADs with a relatively higher proportion of rarer species). We also found spatial variation in SAD multimodality as a function of temperature and species richness.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that temperature is a key environmental driver governing the form of ENA tree meta‐community‐scale SADs. This finding has implications for our understanding of local‐scale variation in tree abundance and suggests that niche factors and environmental filtering are important in the structuring of ENA tree communities at larger scales.
Fleeing the Stadium: Recovering the Conceptual Unity of Evagrius’ Acedia
Authors: Aijian J. L. 
Published: January 2019

The definition of acedia presents unique conceptual problems among the eight Evagrian logismoi. Its descriptions are so complex and varied as to render the concept seemingly incoherent. This article argues that the conceptual unity of acedia has been obscured by the translation of Evagrian logismoi into the ‘deadly sins’ tradition, resulting in a category error. Acedia is more properly understood, not as a psychological state or a sin, but rather as an array of demonic temptations with the unifying end‐goal of interrupting the anchoritic ideal of sustained contemplation.
Reproducibility of the peritoneal regression grading score for assessment of response to therapy in peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Solass Wiebke , Sempoux Christine , Carr Norman J , Bibeau Frederic , Neureiter Daniel , Jäger Tarkan , Di Caterino Tina , Brunel Christophe , Klieser Eckhard , Fristrup Claus W , Mortensen Michael B , Detlefsen Sönke 
Published: January 2019

AimsThe four‐tiered peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) assesses the response to chemotherapy in peritoneal metastasis (PM). The PRGS is used, for example, to assess the response to pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). However, the reproducibility of the PRGS is currently unknown. We aimed to evaluate the inter‐ and intraobserver variability of the PRGS.Methods and resultsThirty‐three patients who underwent at least three PIPAC treatments as part of the PIPAC‐OPC1 or PIPAC‐OPC2 clinical trials at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, were included. Prior to each therapy cycle, peritoneal quadrant biopsies were obtained and three haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained step sections were scanned and uploaded to a pseudonymised web library. For determining interobserver variability, eight pathologists assessed the PRGS for each quadrant biopsy, and Krippendorff's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. For determining intraobserver variability, three pathologists repeated their own assessments and Cohen's kappa and ICCs were calculated. A total of 331 peritoneal biopsies were analysed. Interobserver variability for PRGS of each biopsy and for the mean and maximum PRGS per biopsy set was moderate to good/substantial. The intraobserver variability for PRGS of each biopsy and for the mean and maximum PRGS per biopsy set was good to excellent/almost perfect.ConclusionsOur data support the PRGS as a reproducible and useful tool to assess response to intraperitoneal chemotherapy in PM. Future studies should evaluate the prognostic and predictive role of the PRGS.
One‐step synthesis of in situ nanocarbon‐containing calcium aluminate cement in reducing atmosphere
Authors: Ding Donghai , Yang Shoulei , Xiao Guoqing , Ren Yun , Lv Lihua , Yang Pan , Hou Xing , Gao Jianying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn order to overcome the problems caused by poor water wettability/dispersion and oxidation resistance of carbons for improving properties of carbon‐containing refractory castables, we prepare in situ nanocarbon‐containing cement through the carbon‐bed sintering method with calcium citrate tetrahydrate (CCT, C12H10Ca3O14·4H2O) and Al2O3 as raw materials, and FeCl3 as a catalyst. In this paper, the carbonization process of CCT was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with a FTIR. In addition, the synthesized cement was characterized through XRD, Raman spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the in situ carbon was generated through carbonization of calcium aconitic acid which was generated by pyrolysis of CCT, accompanying with overflowing of H2O, CO2, CO, and CH4. Interestingly, as the sintering temperature increases, the freshly generated carbons were transformed into nanofiber and nanoflake carbons under the action of Fe catalyst. After sintering at 1500°C for 4 hours, the phase compositions of the synthesized product approached to that of the commercial cement Secar71, and the in situ carbons with nanofiber and nanoflake morphologies dispersed in calcium aluminate grains.