bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination Between Normal and Glaucomatous Eyes With the Topographic Scanning System: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Magacho Leopoldo , Marcondes Ana M , Costa Vital P 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of the Topographic Scanning System (TopSS; Laser Diagnostic Technologies, San Diego, CA) to differentiate individuals with glaucoma from normal subjects.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were divided into two groups: primary open-angle glaucoma and normal. All individuals underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, a 24-2 full threshold Humphrey visual field evaluation, and a TopSS examination. Cut-off points were selected, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were created, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated for individual TopSS parameters and combinations of variables using multivariate analysis.
* RESULTS: One hundred twelve patients with glaucoma and 88 normal individuals were enrolled in the study. The best TopSS individual parameters were: average disc diameter (sensitivity: 64%, specificity: 89%, area under ROC curve: 0.824), total disc area (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 66%, area under ROC curve: 0.802), and cup area (sensitivity: 69%, specificity: 85%, area under ROC curve: 0.797). The multivariate analysis resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.91 (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 81%).
* CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report suggests that the use of a multivariate discriminant formula may enhance the ability to differentiate individuals with glaucoma from normal subjects with the TopSS, with high sensitivity and specificity. Further studies investigating a random population are needed to test the validity of this formula.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:225-232.]
Increased Intraocular Pressure and Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss Following Phacoemulsification Surgery
Authors: Yachimori Ryuzi , Matsuura Toshie , Hayashi Ken , Hayashi Hideyuki 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of low-molecular-weight viscoelastics on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine eyes undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were randomized to have either Opegan (Santen Pharmaceuticals, Osaka, Japan) alone or the soft-shell technique using Viscoat (Alcon Surgical, Fort Worth, TX) during phacoemulsification. The IOP was measured preoperatively and at 5 and 24 hours postoperatively. Intraoperative factors and corneal endothelial cell loss were also examined.
* RESULTS: Mean IOP was increased at 5 hours after surgery but returned to preoperative levels at 24 hours in the Opegan group, whereas it remained higher at 24 hours than at preoperative levels in the soft-shell group. When comparing groups, IOP at 5 and 24 hours postoperatively in the Opegan group was significantly less than that in the soft-shell group. Corneal endothelial cell loss was approximately the same in the two groups.
* CONCLUSION: The increase in IOP following phacoemulsification surgery with the use of Opegan was less than that with the soft-shell technique using Viscoat, although endothelial injury was almost the same.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:453-459.]
Retinal Thickness in Normal and RCD1 Dogs Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Panzan Carla Q , Güven Dilek , Weiland James D , Lakhanpal Rohit R , Javaheri Michael , de Juan Eugene , Humayun Mark S 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare retinal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness values obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal dogs and dogs with rod-cone dysplasia type 1 (RCD1).* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight eyes of 6 normal hound-bred dogs and 12 eyes of 6 dogs with RCD1, 2 to 5 years of age, were examined using the Fast RNFL Thickness, Fast Macular Thickness, and line scan protocols of OCT.* RESULTS: Retinal thickness was significantly higher in the tapetal fundus than in the non-tapetal fundus, in both normal (P = .0036) and RCD1 (P < .0001) dogs. Superotemporal, superonasal, and inferior retinal thickness values were significantly higher in normal dogs (P < .0001). Area centralis thickness was 183.5 ± 10.66 µm in normal dogs and 136.16 ± 13.12 pm in RCD1 dogs (P < .0001). There was no difference in RNFL thickness between normal and RCD1 dogs (P > .05).* CONCLUSION: OCT scanning in dogs is considered to be a useful method of evaluation in future retinal studies in this animal model.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:485-493.]
Health Literacy and Income Mediate Racial/Ethnic Asthma Disparities
Authors: Seibert Ryan G. , Winter Michael R. , Cabral Howard J. , Wolf Michael S. , Curtis Laura M. , Paasche-Orlow Michael K. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Health literacy and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with both race/ethnicity and asthma outcomes. The extent to which health literacy and SES mediate racial/ethnic asthma disparities is less clear.

Objective:
To determine if health literacy and SES mediate racial/ethnic asthma disparities using advanced mediation analyses.

Methods:
A secondary analysis was performed using a Chicago-based longitudinal cohort study conducted from 2004 to 2007 involving 342 adults age 18 to 41 years with persistent asthma. Phone interviews were conducted every 3 months assessing asthma quality of life (AQOL; scored 1–7, with 7 being the highest) and asthma-related health care use measures. Structural equation models assessed mediation of race/ethnicity effects on AQOL and health care use through health literacy and SES. Covariates in the best-fit model included sex, year and season of interview, and cigarette smoking.

Key Results:
The study sample was 77.8% female, 57.3% African American/non-Hispanic, and 28.7% Hispanic. Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with AQOL and asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits, but only indirectly, through the effects of health literacy and income. Compared with White/non-Hispanics, African American/non-Hispanics and Hispanics had significantly higher odds of low health literacy and lower income. Low health literacy was associated with significantly lower AQOL scores (β = −0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.38, −0.10]) and higher odds of an ED visit (adjusted odds ratio = 1.24, 95% CI [1.07, 1.43]). Increasing income was associated with significantly higher AQOL scores (β = 0.18, 95% CI [0.08, 0.28]) and lower odds of an ED visit (adjusted odds ratio = 0.88, 95% CI [0.80, 0.97]).

Conclusions:

The relationships between race/ethnicity and several asthma outcomes were mediated by health literacy and income. Interventions to improve racial/ethnic asthma disparities should target health literacy and income barriers.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(1):e9–e18.]

Plain Language Summary:
Using advanced statistical methods, this study suggests racial/ethnic differences in several asthma outcomes are largely due to effects of health literacy and income. Interventions to improve racial/ethnic asthma disparities should target health literacy and income barriers.
Comment défendre l’anti-pragmatisme de Clifford à propos des croyances en général et des croyances religieuses en particulier
Authors: Gaultier Benoit 
Published: January 2019

J’expose et critique l’interprétation reçue de la controverse classique entre William Clifford et William James sur ce qu’est l’éthique de la croyance. Je défends la position de Clifford en soutenant que sa fameuse maxime selon laquelle « on a tort, partout, toujours et qui que l’on soit de croire que ce soit sur la base d’éléments de preuves insuffisants » doit être comprise comme énonçant que toute croyance qui est le produit de la corruption de notre jugement par nos désirs est fautive. J’indique ce qu’il s’ensuit à propos des croyances religieuses en particulier.
Le naturalisme de John Dewey : un antidote au post-sécularisme contemporain
Authors: Stavo-Debauge Joan 
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article, je noue deux lignes de discussion : la première regarde la montée en puissance des discours et théories post-sécularistes ; la seconde concerne la fréquente (et récente) atténuation du naturalisme de John Dewey. S’il m’importe de relever le curieux affadissement de son naturalisme chez de nombreux pragmatistes contemporains, c’est afin de mieux répondre aux théories de la « société post-séculière ». En revenant sur de nombreux textes de Dewey, trop souvent omis de la discussion au seul profit de A Common Faith, je montrerai qu’ils fournissent un puissant antidote au post-sécularisme contemporain, en ne cédant pas sur l’affirmation d'un anti-surnaturalisme vigoureux, gage de la réalisation de l’idéal démocratique et de « l’attitude scientifique » promue par Dewey.
La religion comme expérience de la valeur
Authors: Quéré Louis 
Published: January 2019

Cet article présente et discute la philosophie de la religion de John Dewey, en la rapportant aux débats actuels sur le « post-séculier ». La perspective de Dewey est complètement séculariste tout en plaidant pour le développement de l’attitude religieuse dans l’expérience. Il s’agit d’une attitude religieuse libérée du surnaturalisme et du dogmatisme des religions instituées. Ce sécularisme religieux paradoxal est fondé sur une conception naturaliste de l’expérience humaine et de la vie sociale. Après avoir reconstitué les arguments de Dewey, l’article examine deux objections qui leur ont été adressées.
A case of crossed cerebellar diaschisis on follow-up positron emission tomography/computed tomography with (18F) fluoro-D-glucose after treatment for glioblastoma
Authors: Priftakis Dimitrios , Rondogianni Phivi , Datseris Ioannis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCrossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) represents the reduction of blood flow, metabolism, and oxygen consumption in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to a cerebral focal lesion. This phenomenon is the result of remote metabolic effects of cerebral lesions and it has been described since the first attempts for functional imaging of the brain, almost 40 years ago. Nevertheless, its clinical significance remains uncertain and new ways to use imaging of CCD for prognosis or assessment of novel therapies are being investigated. In this report, we present treatment for glioblastoma as a cause of CCD imaged on positron emission tomography/computed tomography with (18F) fluoro-D-glucose in our department.
A preliminary study on treatment of human breast cancer xenografts with a cocktail of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 131I-anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (9C4)
Authors: Ali Naiim S. , Akudugu John M. , Howell Roger W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer often has devastating outcomes and treatment options remain limited. Therefore, different treatment combinations are worthy of testing. The efficacy of a cocktail of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 131I-anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) (9C4) to treat breast cancer was tested. Efficacy was tested with an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model. Anti-EpCAM (9C4) was demonstrated to bind to MDA-MB-231 human adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Subsequently, mice-bearing MDA-MB-231× enografts were treated with either 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4), unlabeled anti-EpCAM (9C4), paclitaxel, doxorubicin, or a cocktail of all of the agents. Tumor volume was measured for up to 70-day postinjection. Exponential regression was performed on tumor growth curves for each of the therapy groups. Statistical comparison of the growth constants λ of the regression models for each of the treatment groups with that of the cold antibody and control groups was done using extra sum-of-square F-tests. Biexponential clearance of 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4) was observed with biological clearance half-times of 1.14 and 17.6 days for the first and second components, respectively. The mean growth rate of the tumors in animals treated with a cocktail of all of the agents was slower than in those treated with unlabeled anti-EpCAM (9C4) (P = 0.022). These preliminary data suggest that a cocktail of 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4), paclitaxel, and doxorubicin may be suitable for treating breast cancers with high expression of EpCAM.
Combining feminist intersectional and community-engaged research commitments: Adaptations for scoping reviews and secondary analyses of national data sets
Authors: Levac Leah , Denis Ann B 
Published: January 2019

As Hankivsky & Cormier (2011) and Denis (2008) note, the theoretical evolution of intersectionality has outpaced its methodological development. While past work has contributed to our understanding of how to apply intersectionality in research (CRIAW-ICREF & DAWN-RAFH 2014; Morris & Bunjan 2007; Simpson 2009), gaps persist. Drawing on a four-year community-university research collaboration called ‘Changing public services: Women and intersectional analysis’, we explore the incorporation of feminist intersectional and community-engaged research commitments into secondary data analyses, specifically a scoping review and secondary analyses of two Statistics Canada data sets. We discuss our application of these commitments across all stages of designing and undertaking these analyses, in particular drawing into focus the importance of dialogue and deliberation throughout our process. Our application of feminist intersectional and community-engaged commitments – including prioritising community benefit and practising self-reflexivity – revealed gaps and silences in the data, in turn improving our understanding of differences in people’s experiences, our critiques of policies and our identification of new research questions. The lessons learned, we conclude, are valuable for scholars, whether or not community engagement is central to their scholarly commitment.
Keywordsfeminist intersectionality, community-engaged research, scoping review, logistic regression, community-university partnerships, Canadian public services
SILICA GRAFTED WITH EPOXIDIZED LIQUID POLYBUTADIENES: EVIDENCE FOR THE MECHANISM OF REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Braum Marcus V. , Jacobi Marly A. M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Precipitated silica with backbone epoxidized liquid polybutadiene grafted onto its surface has recently been presented as a new reinforcement material that requires significantly less energy to disperse in comparison wtih the traditional in situ silanization process. This potentially provides better traction and hard-handling performance in car tire treads, without greatly increasing rolling resistance. The purpose of this study was to seek evidence proving the previously proposed reinforcement mechanism, through solid-state 1H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and equilibrium swelling experiments. The evidence points to an increase in the amount of epoxidized chain segments chemically bonded to the silica surface and to an increase in coating-matrix entanglements with increases in the degree of epoxidation and cure of the coated silica. Such evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of increasing the number of entanglements and/or their progressive loss of mobility with an increase in the degree of epoxidation and decrease in temperature, which is in close agreement with the proposed mechanism.
MAIN GOVERNING FACTORS INFLUENCING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SHORT-CUT ARAMID FIBER–REINFORCED ELASTOMERS
Authors: Vleugels N. , Dierkes W. K. , Blume A. , Reuvekamp L. A. E. M. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
This study concerns short-cut aramid fiber reinforcement of synthetic elastomer compounds and their influence on the processability and mechanical properties. Short-fiber reinforcement of elastomers is very complex, because it depends on many mutually interacting factors: fiber concentration, fiber orientation distribution, fiber length and distribution, fiber-matrix interfacial strength, and properties of the matrix. The relationship between these influencing factors is highlighted in an S-SBR compound by design of experiments. Two 3 mm long aramid fibers were used: an epoxy-amine–coated fiber and a virgin fiber without coating. To potentially achieve a fiber–matrix interaction, the following silane coupling agents were employed: bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-disulfane (TESPD), bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfane (TESPT), S-3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-octanethioate (NXT), and an alkylpolyether-mercapto-silane (Si 363), all in combination with the adhesion-activated aramid fibers and in comparison with the virgin fibers. They are compared on equimolar basis with regard to the amount of reactive ethoxy groups versus TESPD, making use of a “design of experiments” approach of the experimental setup. The outcome shows that, contrary to common assumptions, the effect of the fiber–matrix interaction is grossly overshadowed by the effects of other factors (i.e., fiber concentration and orientation) on the vulcanization system. For each mechanical property response, an optimization prediction is calculated and confirmed with an experimental run, showing, for example, a 330% potential improvement in the Young's modulus.
Hemilaminectomy, Diverticular Marsupialization, and Vertebral Stabilization for Thoracolumbar Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula in Five Dogs
Authors: Aikawa Takeshi , Shimatsu Taichi , Miyazaki Yuta 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMedical records (2004–2016) of five dogs with a thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) that was diagnosed with stress myelography in four dogs and magnetic resonance imaging in three, and who had hemilaminectomy, diverticular marsupialization, and vertebral stabilization, were reviewed. Data on previous treatment, pre- and postoperative neurologic status, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and outcomes was retrieved. Follow-up clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed immediately; ∼1, 2, and 6 mo postoperatively; and at annual follow-up examinations.The stress myelography demonstrated spinal cord dynamic compression in three of four dogs and change in size or shape of the SAD in all four. Two dogs who had SAD recurrences 4 and 13 mo after previous surgical dural fenestration, and one dog with no previous SAD treatment demonstrated long-term neurological improvement after vertebral stabilization (49, 77, and 126 mo). In two other dogs, recurrence of clinical signs was observed at the follow-up (8 and 12 mo).This case series suggested that repetitive spinal cord injury from the dynamic lesion appears to be one potential cause of thoracolumbar SADs. In cases with dynamic lesions confirmed by stress myelography, vertebral stabilization with conventional techniques is indicated to prevent SAD recurrence.
Computed Tomography of Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis in a Young Golden Retriever
Authors: Hostnik Eric T. , Parker Valerie J. , Cullen John M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA 9 mo old female intact golden retriever presented for evaluation of chronic lethargy and decreased appetite. The serum biochemistry profile revealed increased liver enzymes consistent with a mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic pattern. A multiphase computed tomography angiography was performed to evaluate for a portosystemic shunt. Numerous hyperattenuating nodules were identified throughout the liver on the noncontrast-enhanced series. Histologic evaluation of percutaneous needle biopsy samples of a liver nodule showed a rare form of hepatitis called lobular dissecting hepatitis. Lobular dissecting hepatitis should be considered as a differential in young dogs with precontrast hyperattenuating hepatic nodules on noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Evaluation of the Tolerability of Combination Chemotherapy with Mitoxantrone and Dacarbazine in Dogs with Lymphoma
Authors: Intile Joanne L. , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Al-Sarraf Renee , Chretin John D. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTCombination chemotherapy can be an effective option for treating resistant lymphoma in dogs. This retrospective study examined the tolerability and efficacy of the combination of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (dacarbazine) (DTIC) in a population of dogs with lymphoma resistant to a doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy protocol. Mitoxantrone was administered at 5 mg/m 2 IV over 10 min followed by DTIC at 600 mg/m 2 IV over 5 hr, every 3 wk. All dogs were treated with prophylactic trimethoprim–sulfadiazine and metoclopramide. The frequency of grade 4 neutropenia was 18%, and 5% of dogs were hospitalized from sepsis. Gastrointestinal toxicity was uncommon. The overall response rate was 34% (15 of 44; 95% confidence interval 20–48%) for a median duration of 97 days (range 24–636 days, 95% confidence interval 44–150 days). Fourteen of 15 dogs who received mitoxantrone and DTIC as first rescue responded to treatment. Dogs who achieved complete remission to their initial L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy protocol were more likely to respond to mitoxantrone and DTIC (23 versus 11%, P = .035). The combination of mitoxantrone and DTIC is a safe treatment option for resistant lymphoma in dogs.
La Historia como pasión y compromiso. Entrevista a Alicia Alted Vigil
Authors: Ossenbach Sauter Gabriela 
Published: January 2019

Entrevista a Alicia Alted Vigil, Catedrática de Historia Contemporánea en la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) de Madrid, especialista en el estudio del exilio republicano español de 1939. En la entrevista se aborda su trayectoria desde que se hiciera cargo en los años 1980 de la catalogación del archivo del gobierno republicano en el exilio, así como su especialización en el trabajo histórico con testimonios orales. Entre sus investigaciones en torno al exilio republicano, la entrevista destaca sus trabajos sobre las consecuencias del exilio y la guerra civil para la infancia.
Introduction of Hydrophobic Ammonium Salts with Halogen Functional Groups for High‐Efficiency and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Guozhen , Zheng Haiying , Xu Xiaoxiao , Xu Shendong , Zhang Xianxi , Pan Xu , Dai Songyuan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2D perovskites have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent stability compared with 3D perovskites. However, the intrinsic hydrophilicity of introduced alkylammonium salts effects the humidity stability of 2D/3D perovskites. Devices based on longer chain alkylammonium salts show improvement in hydrophobicity but lower efficiency due to the poorer charge transport among various layers. To solve this issue, two hydrophobic short‐chain alkylammonium salts with halogen functional groups (2‐chloroethylamine, CEA+ and 2‐bromoethylamine, BEA+) are introduced into (Cs0.1FA0.9)Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 3D perovskites to form 2D/3D perovskite structure, which achieve high‐quality perovskite films with better crystallization and morphology. The optimal 2D/3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with 5% CEA+ display a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 20.08% under 1 sun irradiation. Because of the notable hydrophobicity of alkylammonium cations with halogen functional groups and the formed 2D/3D perovskite structure, the optimal PSCs exhibit superior moisture resistance and retain 92% initial PCE after aging at 50 ± 5% relative humidity for 2400 h. This work opens up a new direction for the design of new‐type 2D/3D PSCs with improved performance by employing proper alkylammonium salts with different functional groups.