bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do maternal HIV infection and the early nutritional environment influence the development of infants exposed to HIVin utero?
Authors: White Marina , Duffley Eleanor , Feucht Ute D. , Rossouw Theresa , Connor Kristin L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMalnutrition and infectious disease often coexist in socially inequitable contexts. Malnutrition in the perinatal period adversely affects offspring development and lifelong non-communicable disease risk. Less is known about the effects ofinfectiousdisease exposure during critical windows of development and health, and links betweenin uteroHIV-exposure in the absence of neonatal infection, perinatal nutritional environments, and infant development are poorly defined. In a pilot feasibility study at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, we aimed to better understand relationships between maternal HIV infection and the early nutritional environment ofin uteroHIV exposed uninfected (HEU) infants. We also undertook exploratory analyses to investigate relationships between food insecurity and infant development. Mother-infant dyads were recruited after delivery and followed until 12 weeks postpartum. Household food insecurity, nutrient intakes and dietary diversity scores did not differ between mothers living with or without HIV. Maternal reports of food insecurity were associated with lower maternal nutrient intakes 12 weeks postpartum, and in infants, higher brain-to-body weight ratio at birth and 12 weeks of age, and attainment of fewer large movement and play activities milestones at 12 weeks of age, irrespective of maternal HIV status. Reports of worry about food runout were associated with increased risk of stunting for HEU, but not unexposed, uninfected infants. Our findings suggest that food insecurity, in a vulnerable population, adversely affects maternal nutritional status and infant development.In uteroexposure to HIV may further perpetuate these effects, which has implications for early child development and lifelong human capital.
Early post-zygotic mutations contribute to congenital heart disease
Authors: Hsieh Alexander , Morton Sarah U. , Willcox Jon A.L. , Gorham Joshua M. , Tai Angela C. , Qi Hongjian , DePalma Steven , McKean David , Griffin Emily , Manheimer Kathryn B. , Bernstein Daniel , Kim Richard W. , Newburger Jane W. , Porter George A. , Srivastava Deepak , Tristani-Firouzi Martin , Brueckner Martina , Lifton Richard P. , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Gelb Bruce D. , Chung Wendy K. , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman J. G. , Shen Yufeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe contribution of somatic mosaicism, or genetic mutations arising after oocyte fertilization, to congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Further, the relationship between mosaicism in blood and cardiovascular tissue has not been determined.ResultsWe developed a computational method, Expectation-Maximization-based detection of Mosaicism (EM-mosaic), to analyze mosaicism in exome sequences of 2530 CHD proband-parent trios. EM-mosaic detected 326 mosaic mutations in blood and/or cardiac tissue DNA. Of the 309 detected in blood DNA, 85/97 (88%) tested were independently confirmed, while 7/17 (41%) candidates of 17 detected in cardiac tissue were confirmed. MosaicHunter detected an additional 64 mosaics, of which 23/46 (50%) among 58 candidates from blood and 4/6 (67%) of 6 candidates from cardiac tissue confirmed. Twenty-five mosaic variants altered CHD-risk genes, affecting 1% of our cohort. Of these 25, 22/22 candidates tested were confirmed. Variants predicted as damaging had higher variant allele fraction than benign variants, suggesting a role in CHD. The frequency of mosaic variants above 10% mosaicism was 0.13/person in blood and 0.14/person in cardiac tissue. Analysis of 66 individuals with matched cardiac tissue available revealed both tissue-specific and shared mosaicism, with shared mosaics generally having higher allele fraction.ConclusionsWe estimate that ~1% of CHD probands have a mosaic variant detectable in blood that could contribute to cardiac malformations, particularly those damaging variants expressed at higher allele fraction compared to benign variants. Although blood is a readily-available DNA source, cardiac tissues analyzed contributed ~5% of somatic mosaic variants identified, indicating the value of tissue mosaicism analyses.
Opportunity recognition efficiency of small Chinese firms: findings from data envelopment analysis
Authors: Guo Zisheng , Zhang Jianqi , Liu Heng 
Published: August 2019

PurposeSmall firms in China anticipate entrepreneurial opportunities for continual growth. However, they may fail to recognize opportunities because of their inefficiency in managing their knowledge.Design/methodology/approachIn this explorative paper, the authors assess the opportunity recognition efficiency of 168 small Chinese firms using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Supplementary Tobit regressions were conducted for further exploring the factors that influence the firms’ efficiency in opportunity recognition.FindingsResults from the DEA suggest that most respondents recognize significantly fewer opportunities than those with equivalent knowledge stock. Moreover, many firms have low levels of pure technical efficiency but high levels of scale efficiency, indicating insufficient use of knowledge as a major reason for inefficiency in opportunity recognition. The Tobit regressions show that sales and research and development intensity are relevant to a firm’s opportunity recognition efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThis study calls for the investigation of efficiency issues in opportunity recognition and suggests that managers guard against unwarranted loss of opportunities owing to inefficient use of existing knowledge elements.Originality/valueFirst, the authors introduce the concept of opportunity recognition efficiency within the entrepreneurial process. Second, they manifest the role of knowledge management in opportunity recognition. Third, they introduce DEA to investigate the relationship between knowledge stock and opportunity recognition. Fourth, this study reveals that inefficient use of knowledge is a disadvantage of small Chinese firms in terms of opportunity recognition.
“Soft law” and innovations: empirical analysis of ICO-related statements
Authors: Dostov Victor , Shust Pavel , Leonova Anna , Krivoruchko Svetlana 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to explore the initial coin offering (ICO) statements as “soft law” instrument used to regulate disruptive innovations.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on the qualitative content analysis of 40 ICO statements issued by regulators in 37 countries by applying a custom-made coding table.

Findings
The research shows that “soft law” is used predominantly by high-capacity jurisdictions. “Soft law” allows for more flexibility and less technological and business neutrality. The findings also show the contradiction between empirical evidence and public sentiment: it seems that the widespread notion that virtual currencies have connotations with money laundering/financing of terrorism (ML/FT) is not shared by the regulators, who are more concerned by the fraud. Finally, it was found that the standard-setting bodies are lagging behind in providing guidance on the emergence technologies.

Research limitations/implications
The content analysis is based on 40 statements, which is a limited set of data. The method might be subject to interpersonal bias, although arrangements were made to ensure the uniformity of coding process.

Practical implications
The findings imply that soft law is an attractive risk-mitigation tool when the object of regulation is still evolving but the risks are present. Soft law also might contradict with the “technology and business neutrality” principle which requires further research. Finally, the findings show the need for more active involvement of the standard setting bodies.

Originality/value
This is the first in-depth research of the ICO-related statements as “soft law” instruments. It also offers a new perspective on the issue of financial innovations regulation.
Conditional dependence structure between oil prices and international stock markets
Authors: Hamma Wajdi , Salhi Bassem , Ghorbel Ahmed , Jarboui Anis 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the optimal hedging strategy of the oil-stock dependence structure.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology consists to model the data over the daily period spanning from January 02, 2002 to May 19, 2016 by a various copula functions to better modeling the dependence between crude oil market and stock markets, and to use dependence coefficients and conditional variance to calculate optimal portfolio weights and optimal hedge ratios, and to suggest the best hedging strategy for oil-stock portfolio.

Findings
The findings show that the Gumbel copula is the best model for modeling the conditional dependence structure of the oil and stock markets in most cases. They also indicate that the best hedging strategy for oil price by stock market varies considerably over time, but this variation depends on both the index introduced and the model used. However, the conditional copula method with skewed student more effective than the other models to minimize the risk of oil-stock portfolio.

Originality/value
This research implication can be valuable for portfolio managers and individual investors who seek to make earnings by diversifying their portfolios. The findings of this study provide evidence of the importance of stock assets for making an optimal portfolio consisting of oil in the case of investments in oil and stock markets. This paper attempts to fill the voids in the literature on volatility among oil prices and stock markets in two important areas. First, it uses copulas to investigate the conditional dependence structure of the oil crude and stock markets in the oil exporting and importing countries. Second, it uses the dependence coefficients and conditional variance to calculate dynamic hedge ratios and risk-minimizing optimal portfolio weights for oil–stock.
Key licensing technologies for patents based on university– industry collaboration
Authors: Chang Shu-Hao 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
As the university–industry collaboration (UIC) gradually attracts the attention of various national governments, the number of studies on UIC has increased substantially. Past UIC studies have mostly focused on investigating the incentives and the motivation for UIC, forms of UIC and performance output of UIC. However, they have not actively identified the key technologies and technology distribution that are conductive to the commercialization of UIC outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to adopt the licensed UIC patents as the basis for analysis and to construct a patent licensing technology network.

Design/methodology/approach
This study focused on licensed patents because past studies have indicated that such patents usually have higher value. Moreover, patent licensing can be seen as the final step for the commercialization of UIC outcomes. Finally, past studies have rarely explored patent examiners’ views on key technologies. However, during the substantive examination of patents, patent examiners often use their background knowledge regarding the technology to include citations to other patented technologies that they consider valuable or indispensable. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the patents recognized and cited by patent examiners and conducted key technology identification.

Findings
The results indicated that past key technologies in UIC focused on surveying, medicine, biochemistry and electric digital data processing; these fields are crucial to the commercialization of key UIC technologies. Finally, the USA, Japan, Sweden and Germany play critical roles in the network of global university–industry cooperation and technology licensing.

Originality/value
Patent examiners’ perspectives were adopted to establish a patent licensing technology network, through which the key technologies that could promote UIC patent licensing were mined. This study can also serve as a reference for resource allocation in university research and development and for governments to promote new technologies.
A lean six sigma approach for improving university campus office moves
Authors: Wheeler-Webb Jennifer , Furterer Sandra L. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to improve the quoting, scheduling, invoicing and paying for campus office moves at a university. The Lean Six Sigma project goal was to improve the campus office move process by making it less complicated, free-up program managers’ time and pay the vendor on time.

Design/methodology/approach
The team used the Lean Six Sigma Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control methodology to improve the process.

Findings
The average time from the campus move to when the invoice was paid improved by 27%, with an improved median of 16%. The standard deviation was greatly reduced by 51%. The average invoiced date to paid date remained statistically the same, and the median increased from 20 to 30 days, due to a policy change to move the target from 20 to 30 days. The standard deviation of the invoice to paid date was greatly reduced by 38%. This was a successful project because the sponsors were on-board from the beginning and included the process owners in the improvement effort.

Originality/value
Other higher education institutions or other industry areas with a similar process can implement this methodology and processes outlined in this case study to improve efficiency and cost effectiveness and as a guide for improving other processes within institutions.
The impact of a spiritual environment on performance mediated by job resourcefulness
Authors: Joelle Maria , Coelho Arnaldo 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and present the process of management as viewed through the lens of spirituality at work, and to identify the influence of a spiritual environment on individual performance, mediated by job resourcefulness and moderate by affective commitment. Structural equation modeling was used.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample size consisted of 273 individuals from Portugal. The methodological design is quantitative. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess construct validity based on AMOS 21.

Findings
The results show that with the implementation of a spirituality culture, this fact increases the presence of spirituality at work and the individual performance, mediated by job resourcefulness.

Research limitations/implications
There are methodological limitations, because the work is based on “perceptions.” Another limitation is about spirituality at work conceptualization, considering it is still subject to different perspectives and definitions.

Originality/value
The findings can provide fundamental guidance for managers and academics to implement a set of practices that promote the presence of spirituality at work as a new management tool to run a company.
Immune response and oxidative stress in workers of a copper concentration factory
Authors: Farsipour Behdokh , Faghihi-Zarandi Ali , Mozaffari Abbas , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe main occupational safety measure in factories is monitoring workers exposed to various types of contaminations. The main environmental concern of governments about copper industries is emission of dust, metals, metal compounds and volatile organic compounds in air. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the immune system status of workers in a copper concentration factory in Iran by placing the emphasis on oxidative stress biomarkers.Design/methodology/approachA comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 40 workers of the copper concentration factory and 40 unexposed individuals. White blood cell count, plasma interleukin 2 and 4, oxidative burst of neutrophils, oxidative damages of DNA and RNA, lipid and protein, total antioxidant capacity of plasma, and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured.FindingsA significant decrease in the white blood cell count and interleukin 2 and an increase in the interleukin 4 were observed in the workers and these changes represented the possibility of inflammation and weakening of the immune system. The elevation of oxidative damages, total antioxidant capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes are indicative of the change in oxidative stress status.Originality/valueThe oxidative stress induction and immune system changes might be useful biomarkers in screening and surveillance for occupational hazard. More studies are needed to find out the type and the concentration of pollutants and to evaluate the protective effects of natural antioxidants.
A(n) (a)symmetric perspective towards task-technology-performance fit in mobile app industry
Authors: Valaei Naser , Nikhashemi S.R. , Bressolles Gregory , Jin Hwang Ha 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine (a)symmetric features of task-technology-performance characteristics that are most relevant to fit, satisfaction and continuance intention of using apps in mobile banking transactions.Design/methodology/approachExploratory factor analysis was used with maximum likelihood extraction and Varimax rotation on a separate sample of 183 mobile banking apps users prior to the main data collection. The theoretical model was tested applying a factor-based structural equation modelling approach to a sample of 250 experienced mobile banking apps users.FindingsThe study unveiled that the task and performance characteristics are more relevant compared to technology characteristics when doing transactions via apps. In addition, the findings uncovered that user satisfaction and continuous intention to use apps stem from the degree of fit in online transactions. The findings of moderation analysis highlighted that users in the lower income group are more concerned about the performance characteristics of banking apps, and there are no differences across age and gender groups. Surprisingly, technology characteristic has a nonlinear nature and this study shows potential boundary conditions of technology characteristics in degree of fit, user satisfaction and continuance intention to use apps.Practical implicationsFindings from the conditional probabilistic queries reveal that with 83.3 per cent of probability, user satisfaction is high when using apps for banking transactions, if the levels of fit, task, performance and technology characteristics are high. Furthermore, with 72 per cent of probability, continuance intention to use apps is high, if the levels of performance and task characteristics are high.Originality/valueContributing to task-technology fit theory, this study shows that performance characteristics need to be aligned with task and technology characteristics in order to have better fit when using apps for online banking transactions.
A systematical approach to classification problems with feature space heterogeneity
Authors: Xiao Hongshan , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Feature space heterogeneity exists widely in various application fields of classification techniques, such as customs inspection decision, credit scoring and medical diagnosis. This paper aims to study the relationship between feature space heterogeneity and classification performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A measurement is first developed for measuring and identifying any significant heterogeneity that exists in the feature space of a data set. The main idea of this measurement is derived from a meta-analysis. For the data set with significant feature space heterogeneity, a classification algorithm based on factor analysis and clustering is proposed to learn the data patterns, which, in turn, are used for data classification.

Findings
The proposed approach has two main advantages over the previous methods. The first advantage lies in feature transform using orthogonal factor analysis, which results in new features without redundancy and irrelevance. The second advantage rests on samples partitioning to capture the feature space heterogeneity reflected by differences of factor scores. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified on a number of benchmarking data sets.

Research limitations/implications
Measurement should be used to guide the heterogeneity elimination process, which is an interesting topic in future research. In addition, to develop a classification algorithm that enables scalable and incremental learning for large data sets with significant feature space heterogeneity is also an important issue.

Practical implications
Measuring and eliminating the feature space heterogeneity possibly existing in the data are important for accurate classification. This study provides a systematical approach to feature space heterogeneity measurement and elimination for better classification performance, which is favorable for applications of classification techniques in real-word problems.

Originality/value
A measurement based on meta-analysis for measuring and identifying any significant feature space heterogeneity in a classification problem is developed, and an ensemble classification framework is proposed to deal with the feature space heterogeneity and improve the classification accuracy.
Eutectic Sb7.4Te92.6 thin film for non-volatile phase-change memories
Authors: Barbon Claudio , Bilovol Vitaliy , Di Liscia Emiliano Javier , Arcondo Bibiana 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure and electrical properties of eutectic Sb7.4Te92.6 as made thin films to evaluate their potentiality for application to non-volatile phase-change memories.

Design/methodology/approach
The films were prepared by the pulsed laser deposition technique. The films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction in grazing-incident geometry, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy and transversal current–voltage curves.

Findings
The memory effect state, characteristic of a typical phase-change memory material, was observed. The temperature of crystallization was about 100ºC.

Research limitations/implications
Further studies on endurance, scaling and SET/RESET operations are needed.

Practical implications
One of the main characteristic values, the hold voltage and the threshold voltage values, were about 0.85 and 1.2 V, respectively, in a line with those of Ge2Sb2Te5, GeTe and Sb2Te being considered to date as the main compounds for phase-change memory devices.

Originality/value
The conduction mechanism in the amorphous regime is highly agreed with the Poole–Frenkel effect in deep traps.