bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbogels for sustainable and scalable thermoelectric applications
Authors: ATHAR Shoeb , GUAZZAGALOPPA Jérémy , BOYRIE Fabrice , HUILLET Cédric , JUND Philippe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) based on commercially used thermal super-insulating materials can facilitate sustainable and large-scale ambient waste heat recovery while bequeathing an added economic and environmental value to thermal insulations in industry. This requires the optimization of the thermoelectric (TE) properties through electrical functionalization of such materials. Moreover, the associated engineering challenges of assembling TEG modules must be overcome. Herein, we propose using super-insulating Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) carbogels for scalable and sustainable TE applications through their electrical functionalization. Using a combination of a pyrolysis process and carbon fibers insertion, we achieved an increment by 12 orders of magnitude in electrical conductivity as well as ZT whilst retaining their intrinsic ultralow thermal conductivity (< 50 mW/mK). A TE module in the form of a thermoelectric vacuum insulation panel (TVIP), was then fabricated using only a p-type material, to demonstrate a proof-of-concept self-powered WiFi-based vacuum-failure detection application in confined spaces in automobiles or aeronautics. Finally, by extrapolating the optimized output power and with a CAD-assisted assembly of a large TEG module (1000 cm2), the potential of scalable low-grade waste heat recovery is discussed.
Last Interglacial summer heat restricted human migration
Authors: Watanabe Takaaki , Pfeiffer Miriam , Yamazaki Atsuko , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Hu Hsun-Ming , Shen Chuan-Chou , Ito Saori , Watanabe Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Homo sapiens dispersed in two major waves from Africa. The early dispersal wave had limited success beyond the Arabian Peninsula, although the beginning of this wave coincided with the Last Interglacial period (LIG, 117~127 thousand years ago) when well-watered/vegetated environments formed suitable habitats. The factors hindering this dispersal remain unclear. Here, we estimate the habitability in LIG environments based on a human physiological model and climate patterns that a single human would have encountered during its lifetime. Our climate reconstructions, using an Omani fossil coral and climate modelling, reveal hotter and longer summers in the Arabian Peninsula during the LIG than today due to a weak monsoon and strong insolation. This summer heat exceeded the limit to engaging in hunting-gathering activities and survivability, even in well-watered/vegetated environments. We conclude that extreme summer heat during the LIG could have been the primary barrier hindering the early dispersal beyond/crossing the Arabian Peninsula.
Charting our Forest Future: National Supply Curves for Forest-Based CO₂ Mitigation
Authors: Favero Alice , Austin Kemen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Forests currently store more carbon in their vegetation and soil than all of the carbon in earth’s atmosphere. But how much CO₂ can be removed and sequestered by forests in the future, and at what cost? This study examines the potential for forests to sequester CO₂ and the associated costs, utilizing a dynamic economic model, FAO data, and new remote sensing-based estimates of forest regeneration. It finds that up to 12 GtCO₂ could be sequestered by 2050 through forest mitigation activities, with 44% from afforestation/reforestation, 30% from avoided deforestation emissions, and 26% from changes in forest management. The majority of mitigation (64%) is expected to come from tropical regions, although this share decreases with higher monetary incentives. A constrained scenario, which limits land conversion to historical rates, reduces global sequestration potential by 41% in 2050, particularly impacting temperate forests. These findings provide valuable insights for assessing the cost of national forest sequestration targets and guiding policymakers in the development of evidence-informed forest-based mitigation actions.
Melatonin delayed leaf senescence induced by WRKY75 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Ke-yu , Mao Jing-jing , Chen Wen-hui , Li De-qiang , Tang Zi-zhong , Chen Yang-er , Yuan Shu , Li Gong-hong , Yuan Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Leaf senescence, highly regulated by plant hormones and environmental factors, represents the final stage of leaf development. Therefore, the strategies to delay leaf senescence might extent the limitation of growth and yield for crop. Although previous studies had demonstrated the potential of melatonin to delay leaf senescence, its mechanism remained many mysteries. Here, we reported the role of melatonin in delaying WRKY75-induced leaf senescence. Exogenous melatonin increased chlorophyll content and reduced the accumulation of ROS in plants. In addition, it up-regulated the expression of the SNAT gene and increased its melatonin level. Exogenous melatonin also decreased SA level and down-regulated SID2 gene expression. Furthermore, the expression of SAG13 and WRKY75, both positive senescence-related genes, was found to decrease after melatonin treatment. These findings suggest that melatonin counteracts the effects of a network structure comprising SA, ROS, and WRKY75 on senescence, thereby regulating various events related to plant senescence and delaying leaf senescence.
Food insecurity prevalence and its sociodemographic correlates among Spanish adolescents: The EHDLA study
Authors: Cisneros-Vásquez Emily , López-Moreno Miguel , Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor , Olivares-Arancibia Jorge , Yañéz-Sepúlveda Rodrigo , Martín-Calvo Nerea , Smith Lee , López-Gil José Francisco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Insufficient and unequal access to food (i.e. food insecurity [FI]) has a negative impact on health, especially in vulnerable groups such as adolescents. This study investigates the prevalence of FI and its sociodemographic correlates among adolescents in the Valle de Ricote, Murcia, Spain. Using data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study, a representative sample of 882 adolescents (median = 14, IQR = 2) was analyzed during the 2021–2022 academic year. FI was measured using the Child Food Security Survey Module in Spanish (CFSSM-S). Findings showed a prevalence of FI of 16.2%, with significant sociodemographic disparities. Adolescents from immigrant (odds ratio [OR] = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.38–4.21) and diverse (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.10–3.79) families showed a higher susceptibility to FI. In addition, higher parental education reduced the risk of FI (college education: OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.17–0.74). These findings reveal a high prevalence of FI among Spanish adolescents, underscoring the urgent need to implement public health policies and interventions to reduce these social disparities.
Knowledge Graph to Facilitate Cloud SecurityCompliance with NIST Cybersecurity Framework
Authors: Alomari Zakaria , Wong William , Lee Sean , satti Muhammad Islam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In efforts to match the ever-growing cyber threats, which have become more sophisticated and more challenging to detect, governments and organizations worldwide have developed many standards and regulations. However, various standards and requirements across different industries often overlap, causing confusion about which standards to adopt to match specific requirements. Moreover, compliance requirements related to cybersecurity are constantly being changed. New requirements are also being developed to meet emerging technology use cases as well as threats, such as artificial intelligence. Individuals and organizations put in significant efforts to comprehend each standard and maintain compliance. It is beneficial to have a solution that tackles the problem of the amount of time and effort required to quickly map compliance requirements with security controls. This paper aims to tackle this problem in the cloud industry by systemically demonstrating deployment of a knowledge graph or ontology that maps cloud security controls in the security control level implementation level with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Past efforts were focused on mapping at the security category level and not the implementation level of security controls that facilitates actual granular level compliance. The ontology deployed could expediate the implementation of security controls and compliances by facilitating the incorporation of common software languages like HTTP and Java. The methodology described in this paper could also be extended to other compliance standards.
A Coding-Efficiency Analysis of HEVC Encoder Embedded in High-End Mobile Chipsets
Authors: Costa Vítor , Perleberg Murilo , Agostini Luciano , Porto Marcelo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

High-end mobile devices require dedicated hardware for real-time video encoding and decoding processes. However, the inherent complexity of the video encoding process, combined with the physical limitations imposed by hardware design such as energy consumption, encoding time, memory usage, and heat dissipation, demands the implementation of various constraints and limitations in commercial hardware to simplify and make them feasible for general use. The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is the main targeted video encoder for processing high-resolution videos in high-end chipsets. This paper aims to analyze the HEVC encoder implemented into three commercial chipsets found in high-end smartphones (Apple iPhone 14 Pro, Samsung Galaxy S23 Plus, and Redmi Note 10S) from three major mobile chip manufacturers (Apple, Qualcomm, and MediaTek), considering the impacts of video encoder limitations on encoding efficiency (BD-Rate) and encoding time. The results in this paper may be used as a comparative foundation for hardware designers and future works in the field, as it exposes the encoding efficiency drawbacks, and the encoding time gains that commercial chipsets exhibit in their HEVC encoder.
Sex-Stratified Mendelian Randomization Study on the Associations Between Dietary Habits and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Huang Qilu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge, with dietary habits being a key modifiable risk factor. Understanding the relationship between specific dietary habits and CRC can offer valuable insights for prevention. This study aimed to investigate the associations between 72 dietary habits and CRC risk using a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.Methods: We performed a sex-specific Mendelian randomization study in males and females to assess the causal associations between 72 dietary habits, including drinking water intake, low-calorie drink intake, fizzy drink intake, orange juice intake, and instant coffee intake, and CRC risk. Significant SNPs (P < 5e-6) associated with dietary habits were selected as instrumental variables after clumping. Five MR methods were applied, including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) with multiplicative random effects. Sensitivity analyses using IVW, MR-Egger, and leave-one-out tests were conducted to assess pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Dietary habits that remained significant after FDR correction (P < 0.05) were considered to have a significant association with CRC risk.Results: After FDR correction, significant associations were identified in males for average weekly fortified wine intake (OR (95% CI) = 0.985 (0.979–0.991), P = 3.30E-07), sweet pepper intake (OR (95% CI) = 0.996 (0.994–0.998), P = 6.56E-05), and bacon intake (OR (95% CI) = 1.002 (1.001–1.003), P = 0.000417887). In females, symptoms and signs concerning food and fluid intake were significantly associated with CRC (OR (95% CI) = 1.083 (1.046–1.121), P = 6.08E-06). No evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed in the sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: This study provides robust evidence that several dietary habits are causally associated with CRC risk in a sex-specific manner. The findings emphasize the importance of personalized dietary recommendations for CRC prevention and highlight key dietary factors influencing CRC risk in both males and females.
Temperature field reconstruction of stirred friction welding based on deep learning work conditions features fusion
Authors: Lou Chenxukun , Xu Feng , Gui Liang , Li Runhan , Qi Changheng , Zuo Dunwen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The evolution of the temperature field during the friction stir welding (FSW) process is critical to both weld seam quality and the realization of intelligent welding. Traditional finite element simulations, while accurate, are time-consuming and unsuitable for real-time correction, while neural network-based methods for reconstructing the temperature field often lack the efficiency required for real-time monitoring. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a temperature field reconstruction method for FSW that integrates deep learning and working condition feature fusion. The method utilises a generative adversarial network (UGAN) model to achieve the fusion of working condition features with temperature field images. The UGAN generator employs an encoder-decoder architecture with skip connections to enhance multi-scale feature extraction, while the Patch Generative Adversarial Network (PatchGAN) structure is used to improve the perception of image details. To further refine predictions, the Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is applied to correct the predicted temperature images, thereby establishing a correction model for the temperature field. This approach effectively combines deep learning techniques with working condition data to significantly enhance the accuracy of temperature field prediction and enable real-time reconstruction for FSW.
Dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm for minimizing Frame arra ngement based on searching the fittest ONU in NG-EPON
Authors: Kim Myong Il 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In NG-EPON, while we allocate wavelength and bandwidth to ONUs, balancing the fairness and minimizing frame arrangement are important problems, which is to use bandwidth efficiently. In this paper we proposed two algorithms, one is DWBA-MBD, based on reducing difference of bandwidth utilizations of wavelengths and another is DWBA-SFOP based on searching the fittest ONU bonding pairs to reduce the number of frame guard on total bandwidth by minimizing frame division. DWBA-SFO allocates bandwidth to the fittest ONU for reducing difference of bandwidth of total wavelength while allocating wavelengths DWBA-SFOP allocates bandwidth to the fittest ONU pairs by using the available average bandwidth of each wavelength. Proposed algorithms can achieve good fairness and efficiency of total wavelength utilization.
Nutritional and Dietary Menu Assessment of Cadets in terms of macronutrients, micronutrients and energy balance at the Army Military Academy
Authors: rad reza sabzevari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
proper nutrition is considered one of the most important pillars of health, which plays the most important role in improving the physical and mental fitness of military forces. Deficiencies and excessive intake of macro and micronutrients will cause a waste of material resources in addition to the adverse effects it can have on their health. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the waste of resources and their secondary effects.
Methodology:
150 military students were selected by random sampling. Demographic information, IPAQ physical activity and food frequency questionnaires based on 168 valid FFQ168 food items were used to collect data. After collecting the data, in order to determine the normality of the data distribution, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. The obtained data were analyzed using a t-test in SPSS 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Result
Age, height, weight, body mass index, hours of sleep per day and duration of sedentary activities per week were respectively 21.20 ± 7.8 years, 176.7 ± 6.6 cm, 76.5 ± 9.6 kg, 24.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2, 7.3 ± 1.2 hours and 251 ± 60 minutes per week. The results of this study showed that dietary intake in terms of energy expenditure, protein, linolenic acid (omega-3), linoleic acid (omega-6), fiber intake, water intake, vitamins A, D, C, E, B1, B5, B6 B9, B12, H, choline, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, copper, selenium, manganese, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, boron, cobalt, nickel are lower than MDRIs (p = 0.001). which can cause complications due to the lack of macronutrients and micronutrients. Also, the amount of energy received, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins K, B2, B3, sodium, chlorine, and iodine were more than MDRIs (p = 0.001), which will have adverse effects on the health of students and waste of material resources.
Conclusion
The assessment of energy balance and nutritional needs, including macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, and then developing a precise and appropriate diet in military students is very important for their general health and performance. Therefore, to prevent side effects and loss of resources, the need to use supplements or include food groups that provide micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, in their diet is an undeniable necessity.
Development of a Wireless Electroretinogram Recording System
Authors: Man Tsz Chun , Yip Wong Ying , Pang Chi Pui , Brelén Mårten Erik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A novel device consisting of amplifiers, an analogue-digital converter, offset correction units, and a microcontroller with Bluetooth wireless functionality was fabricated. Electroretinography (ERG) recordings were captured in dark-adapted and light-adapted full-field flash stimulations using the novel wireless system. Recordings were repeated using a standard ERG recording setup of the Espion E3 system for comparison. The electroretinogram signal a-wave and b-wave amplitudes, peak times, signal offset, potential drift, and power line noise were compared between the recording setups. Signals from the novel system were found to have similar waveforms to those recorded from the standard ERG setup. There were no significant differences in the a-wave amplitudes (P > 0.43), a-wave peak times (P > 0.61) and b-wave peak times (P > 0.55). The offset potential drift when using the novel system was significantly smaller than the reference system (P < 0.02). The novel system also showed stronger resilience against powerline noise interference, as evidenced by a statistically significant performance increase during recordings with substantial noise interference (P < 0.01). The on-source signal processing and wireless transmission can improve the quality of recorded ERG signals. Our study demonstrates a proof of concept for performing wireless ERG recordings, which enhance the performance by reducing noise and potential drift in the recorded signals.
Mechanical and Thermal Insulation Properties of Hollow Glass Microspheres Coated with Al2O3 Polyester-based Composite Coatings
Authors: GUO Haiwei , ZHOU Miaomiao , FENG Yashan , LV Meng , ZHANG Yufang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this study, Al2O3 as a filler was chemically plated on the surface of hollow glass microspheres, and composite coatings with filler contents ranging from 0–35 wt% were prepared using polyester as the matrix. In addition, the structural characteristics of hollow glass microspheres were briefly described. The physical properties, morphology, structural composition, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation of the samples were characterized using a true density tester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric scanning calorimetry (DSC), a universal testing machine, and a thermal conductivity tester, respectively. The hollow glass microspheres coated with Al2O3 improved the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of the prepared composite coatings. Compared with that of the pure polyester coatings, the tensile strength increased by 7% at a 5 wt% filler content, and the thermal conductivity decreased by 41.7% to 0.404 W/m·K at a 25 wt% filler content.
Analyzing Factors Affecting Age at First Birth among Married Women in Somalia: A Bayesian Shared Frailty Modeling Approach using SDHS 2020
Authors: Osman Abdisalan Ahmed , Esse Abdisalam Amin , Muse Abdisalam Hassan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The birth of the first child primarily influences fertility, with young mothers accounting for one in ten childbirths worldwide. Somalia faces challenges in achieving Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 3 on maternal and child health, owing to its fragmented health system and high maternal mortality rates. The study investigates factors affecting the age at first birth among married women in Somalia, including sociodemographic, economic, and health-related factors. It uses shared frailty modeling and evaluates the Bayesian shared frailty model's performance in capturing variation in birth timing. The Bayesian shared frailty model was applied to identify factors influencing the time to first birth among married women in Somalia. Weibull, log-normal, and log-logistic models were compared, and based on their LOOIC and WAIC values, the log-normal model was found to be the most appropriate, as it had the lowest values, indicating a better fit. Consequently, the Bayesian approach and log-logistic AFT model analysis revealed that Region, Residence, and Husband's desire for children are statistically significant factors for married women’s survival time to first birth in Somalia. The study recommends promoting early marriage, preventing underage marriages, expanding education access, addressing maternal health disparities, and strengthening family planning programs for Somali women's reproductive health, especially in rural and nomadic areas.
Optimization of ResNet50 based on flatten and dense layer insertion applied to facial recognition voting system
Authors: HALIDOU AMINOU , Olle Daniel Georges Olle , Fadja Arnaud Nguembang , Von Kallon Daramy Vandi , Thibault Tchana Ngninkeu Gil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Biometrics has been used in the Cameroonian electoral system for several years to improve voters’ identification by delivering voter cards. During the electoral phase, voters with voter cards are identified through a paper-based system at their polling stations. When the results are released, opponents loudly criticize the results citing electoral fraud. One of the issues of fraud to be resolved is multiple voting. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a system that takes as input facial images from each voter using an enhanced ResNet50 architecture with ArcFace loss for facial recognition, and MTCNN for face detection, compares it with the recorded input features using Maha-lanobis distance, and produces results as output. Positive results imply that he/she can vote. After voting, the voter’s facial image is captured again and a short text message is delivered as confirmation from the system. A summary of the votes is produced which guarantees that a person has voted only once. This paper describes the methodology adopted to build the system. The facial recognition accuracy reached 99.85% which is an improvement compared to the baseline.