bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare case of angiomyolipoma with renal vein invasion managed with laparoscopic nephrectomy
Authors: Galiabovitch Elena , Yao Henry Han-I , Tzaikou George , Cameron Rhoda , King Dennis 
Published: June 2019

We present the case of a 70-year-old female who was incidentally found to have a right angiomyolipoma extending into the renal vein, terminating 1 cm from the inferior vena cava. Due to the invasive nature of the angiomyolipoma in this case, surgical removal via a right laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed. This revealed an un-encapsulated but well-circumscribed fatty mass in the superior pole invading into the inferior vena cava, histologically consistent with a classic angiomyolipoma. Traditionally, patients with tumours extending into the inferior vena cava have been managed with an open surgical approach. Tumours with renal vein thrombus can be managed via an open or laparoscopic approach depending on the extent of vein invasion and local expertise. This is only the third reported case of angiomyolipoma with vascular invasion being treated laparoscopically. Despite the shorter length of the renal vein on the right side, this case demonstrates that a laparoscopic nephrectomy for the management of angiomyolipoma with renal vein thrombus is a feasible approach and would allow the patient faster recovery. Level of evidence: Not applicable.
Can a Successful Outcome After Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation Be Defined by the Oswestry Disability Index Raw Score?
Authors: Werner David A. T. , Grotle Margreth , Gulati Sasha , Austevoll Ivar M. , Madsbu Mattis A. , Lønne Greger , Solberg Tore K. 
Published: June 2019

Study Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study. Objective: To investigate (1) the discriminative ability and cutoff estimates for success 12 months after surgery for lumbar disc herniation on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) raw score compared with a change and a percentage change score and (2) to what extent these clinical outcomes depend on the baseline disability. Methods: A total of 6840 patients operated for lumbar disc herniation from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine) were included. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, a global perceived effect (GPE) scale (1-7) was used an external anchor. Success was defined as categories 1-2, “completely recovered” and “much better.” Cutoffs for success for subgroups with different preoperative disability were also estimated. Results: When defining success after surgery for lumbar disc herniation, the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, 95% CI) for the ODI raw score (0.83, 0.87, 0.930, 0.924-0.937) was comparable to the ODI percentage change score (0.85, 0.85, 0.925, 0.918-0.931), and higher than the ODI change score (0.79, 0.73, 0.838, 0.830-0.852). The cutoff for success was highly dependent on the amount of baseline disability (low-high), with cutoffs ranging from 13 to 28 for the ODI raw score and 39% to 66% for ODI percentage change. The ODI change score (points) was not as accurate. Conclusion: The 12-month ODI raw score, like the ODI percentage change score, can define a successful outcome with excellent accuracy. Adjustment for the baseline ODI score should be performed when comparing outcomes across groups, and one should consider using cutoffs according to preoperative disability (low, medium, high ODI scores).
Undiagnosed Ocular Syphilis Treated With Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Patel Palak R. , Pittner Andrew C. , Merrill Pauline T. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this case series is to illustrate the importance of diagnosis and treatment of infectious uveitis and to suggest syphilis screening guidelines before the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. Method: A retrospective case series (2016-2018) from a Chicago-area academic retina practice was conducted. Primary outcomes include ocular syphilis response to discontinuation of immunomodulatory agents and initiation of penicillin treatment as assessed by improvement of visual acuity and ocular inflammation. Results: Three patients with ocular syphilis in the setting of immunosuppressive therapy are presented. Two cases were identified of misdiagnosed ocular syphilis in patients initially treated with immunosuppressive therapy including adalimumab for their uveitis. A third case of ocular syphilis in a patient being treated with infliximab for ankylosing spondylitis is also presented. Once laboratory testing confirmed the presence of syphilis, immunosuppressive therapies were immediately stopped; signs of inflammation and visual acuity improved with adequate treatment for neurosyphilis including intravenous penicillin. Conclusions: Ocular syphilis may present in a variety of ways and cannot be ruled out without appropriate testing. Syphilitic uveitis should be on the differential of any patient presenting with ocular inflammation and screened for accordingly. It is particularly critical that syphilis be screened for before starting immunosuppressive treatment for uveitis to minimize the risk of long-term ocular damage from a treatable infectious uveitis. These cases convey the importance of establishing guidelines around screening for syphilis prior to starting immunosuppressive treatment for uveitis.
Wood-decaying fungi found in Ghana: A rich source of new anti-infective compounds
Authors: Aboagye Samuel Yaw , Amarh Vincent , Lartey Paul A. , Arthur Patrick Kobina 
Published: June 2019

Background: Discovery of bioactive natural products are instrumental for development of novel antibiotics. The discovery and development of natural products such as penicillin represented a major milestone in the treatment of bacterial infections. Currently, many antibiotics have lost their relevance in clinics due to the emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Hence, there is the need for continuous search of new compounds endowed with potent antimicrobial activity. Methods: In this study, wood-decaying fungi (WDF) from Ghana were explored for their potential as sources of novel antimicrobial compounds with intent of expanding the effort into a drug discovery programme in the near future. Extracts from cultures of 54 morphologically distinct WDF isolates were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial agents. Results: The extracts from 40 out of the 54 WDF isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against either Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Candida albicans. Fractionation of these bioactive extracts, followed by bioassay of the organic fractions obtained, indicate that extracts exhibiting antimicrobial activity against more than one of the three test organisms could be attributed to the presence of different bioactive compounds. Analysis of the composition of the extracts revealed that terpenes were predominant. Conclusions: This study suggests that a significant proportion of WDF in Ghana produce antimicrobial compounds which could be potential sources of novel anti-infective agents and support the plans of developing a drug discovery programme in Ghana based on the fermentation of WDF.
Detection and mitigation of spurious antisense expression with RoSA
Authors: Mourão Kira , Schurch Nicholas J. , Lucoszek Radek , Froussios Kimon , MacKinnon Katarzyna , Duc Céline , Simpson Gordon , Barton Geoffrey J. 
Published: June 2019

Antisense transcription is known to have a range of impacts on sense gene expression, including (but not limited to) impeding transcription initiation, disrupting post-transcriptional processes, and enhancing, slowing, or even preventing transcription of the sense gene. Strand-specific RNA-Seq protocols preserve the strand information of the original RNA in the data, and so can be used to identify where antisense transcription may be implicated in regulating gene expression. However, our analysis of 199 strand-specific RNA-Seq experiments reveals that spurious antisense reads are often present in these datasets at levels greater than 1% of sense gene expression levels. Furthermore, these levels can vary substantially even between replicates in the same experiment, potentially disrupting any downstream analysis, if the incorrectly assigned antisense counts dominate the set of genes with high antisense transcription levels. Currently, no tools exist to detect or correct for this spurious antisense signal. Our tool, RoSA (Removal of Spurious Antisense), detects the presence of high levels of spurious antisense read alignments in strand-specific RNA-Seq datasets. It uses incorrectly spliced reads on the antisense strand and/or ERCC spikeins (if present in the data) to calculate both global and gene-specific antisense correction factors. We demonstrate the utility of our tool to filter out spurious antisense transcript counts in an Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-Seq experiment. Availability: RoSA is open source software available under the GPL licence via the Barton Group GitHub page https://github.com/bartongroup.
Drug use among agriculture-related workers in Thailand
Authors: Janma Narumon , Kanato Manop , Leyatikul Poonrut 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To examine drug use prevalence and to explore the associations of cluster environment characteristics with drug use among agriculture-related workers in Thailand. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 2936 agriculture-related workers from 10 clusters in 4 regions throughout Thailand. Trained interviewers conducted semi-structured interviews. Additionally, the drug-use patterns and behaviors of 124 current users were structurally observed. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the effects of the cluster environment on drug use. Results: The annual prevalence was 58.73%. Illicit drugs, non-prescription drugs, or over the counter medicines were widely used. Age, sex, and non-prescription behavior were associated with substance use that was statistically significant. Contextual clustering was found to significantly affect drug use among agriculture-related workers. A 1-unit increase in treatment rate predicted 12.7-times higher illicit drug use and 15.3-times higher methamphetamine use. Conclusions: Agricultural work facilitated the spread of drug use The design of the surveillance system should be considered.
Redes de ódio: A homofobia no Facebook
Authors: Silva Lawerton Braga da , Aléssio Renata Lira dos Santos 
Published: June 2019

A homofobia é um fenômeno relevante que está presente nas relações sociais, por meio de crenças, emoções, ideologias e posicionamentos. Este artigo analisou as diferentes formas de expressões da homofobia a partir de uma postagem no Facebook da página "Quebrando o Tabu" à luz da teoria das representações sociais. As relações intergrupais, presentes no coração da teoria, se constituíram como processos norteadores das discussões. A partir de um vídeo a respeito da homossexualidade foram selecionados 1.592 comentários. Os dados foram analisados pelo software IRAMUTEQ por meio de uma classificação hierárquica descendente que resultou em quatro classes de discursos. A Classe 1 (40%), denominada, "Respeito"; a Classe 2 (22.1%), "Debate político-ideológico"; a Classe 3 (12.9%), "Influência da homossexualidade para as crianças" e; por fim, a Classe 4 (25%), denominada de "Acusação aos homossexuais de deturpação da igreja". Os resultados evidenciaram em todas as classes a existência de conflitos entre grupos; diferenças entre as expressões homofóbicas; um discurso que justificava os posicionamentos por meio dos valores igualitário, além de evidenciar que as expressões contra homossexuais estavam ancoradas em três explicações, a saber, bio-religiosas, ético-morais e psicossociais.
Sociocultural factors associated with the development of postnatal anxiety symptoms
Authors: Mohammad Khitam , Al-Farajat Eqbal , Creedy Debra , Gamble Jenny 
Published: June 2019

Background Postnatal anxiety is relatively common when transitioning to parenthood; however, there are relatively few studies assessing postnatal anxiety in Middle Eastern women. Aim To identify the prevalence of postnatal anxiety among Jordanian women and associated sociocultural factors. Method A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with 324 women. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and Maternity Social Support Scale at 6-8 weeks postpartum in addition to a sociodemographic data form. Findings Some 45.4% of women scored above ‘mild’ on the DASS scale. Postnatal anxiety was significantly associated with low levels of support, giving birth to a female baby, financial difficulties, and having four or more children. Findings revealed a high level of postnatal anxiety among Jordanian women. Conclusion There is a need for routine assessment, ongoing support, counselling and emotional care, which are important to enhance maternal satisfaction and psychological wellbeing.
Physical Simulation and Processing Map of Aluminum 7068 Alloy
Authors: Raja Nitish , Daniel B. S. S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Elevated temperature deformation of as-cast aluminum 7068 alloy was done to optimize its workability by physical simulation using Gleeble 3800. The microstructural evolution was traced using electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction studies. Hot deformation involving uniaxial isothermal compression was done in the 300°C–475°C temperature range and 10−3–100 s−1 strain rate up to a true strain of 0.69. From the true stress–true strain plot it is observed that flow stress initially increases sharply because of the multiplication of dislocations during the initial phase of deformation; i.e., only work hardening is predominant during this phase. Subsequently, after attaining the peak value the flow stress increases, decreases, or remains constant. Because of dynamic restoration processes such as dynamic recovery and recrystallization, the flow stress decreases or remains constant. During this phase, the competition between work hardening and dynamic softening governs the slope of true stress–strain curve. The decrease in the Zener-Hollomon parameter with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate follows the same trend as flow stress. Activation energy for this alloy is calculated as 206 kJ mol−1. The deformed microstructure shows serrated grains, and also well-formed subgrains are observed mostly inside the grains. Moreover, substructural strengthening is observed in this alloy, due to the presence of the high density of precipitates and subgrains. Microstructural analysis confirms the high power dissipation of the stable region may be mainly due to dynamic recovery. In the unstable region, flow instabilities may be due to adiabatic shear band formation, particle cracking, and debonding. The optimized working region is determined from the developed processing map.
Constitutive Analysis of Zr-1Nb Alloy for Different Phase Regions
Authors: Saxena K. K. , Chetan K. , Vaibhav K. , Mani Krishna K. V. , Pancholi V. , Jha S. K. , Srivastava D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of alloys that exhibit allotropy is expected to be dependent on phase/phase mixture present. Therefore, the development of a constitutive equation for finite element method (FEM) simulation of industrial hot deformation processes should consider the effect of phase/phase mixture on parameters of constitutive equation. Hot compression tests of Zr-1Nb alloy were carried out at temperatures covering single α–phase, single β–phase, and two-phase α+β, for a range of strain rates. The stress–strain data of hot compression test were corrected for adiabatic temperature rise (ATR) at a strain rate of 1 s−1 and above. Constitutive equations were developed based on phase(s) present. Developed constitutive equations were validated by experimental flow stress data and FEM simulation. FEM simulation confirmed that the phase-wise constitutive equation provides better simulation results of the industrial extrusion process. Furthermore, the ram force profile obtained from the simulation was similar to the ram force profile of the physical extrusion experiment. Thus, by using correct phase-wise constitutive parameters in FEM simulation, the ram force for industrial hot processes can be correctly predicted.
A CIÊNCIA MODERNA E SUA CONSOLIDAÇÃO: É POSSÍVEL FALAR EM CRISE SOCIAL E EPISTEMOLÓGICA?
Authors: Coelho Gabriel Bandeira 
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as nodais características da Ciência Moderna, desde a sua emergência inclusive aquilo que tem sido cunhado como esgotamento e até mesmo “crise” da modernidade. Para tanto, destacamos aqueles que consideramos os proeminentes pensadores modernos, sobretudo René Descartes, cujo método cartesiano tem sido base epistemológica do conhecimento científico moderno. Ademais, mostramos aspectos sociais e teóricos que destacam o processo de consolidação da Ciência Moderna, principalmente no decorrer do século XIX, bem como elementos que nos ajudam a identificar possíveis sinais de falta de fôlego dos pressupostos modernos para explicar o mundo fenomênico contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinariedade; Ciência; Disciplinariedade; Complexidade.
PERTENCIMENTOS, FRONTEIRAS E INTERSECÇÕES: PROCESSOS DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO EM SÃO LOURENÇO DO SUL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Pinheiro Patrícia Dos Santos 
Published: June 2019

Diante de um contexto em que a possibilidade de participar de processos de reivindicação identitária e a busca de direitos sociais dentro da categoria de remanescentes de comunidade de quilombo passou a fazer parte do cotidiano de muitas comunidades negras do Brasil nas últimas décadas, neste artigo serão abordados elementos da configuração interétnica dinâmica de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, local que se destaca pela a presença de diferentes grupos étnicos, debatida aqui por algumas das estratégias de inserção das comunidades negras em suas relações de trabalho. Nesse trabalho, que faz parte de pesquisa de doutorado finalizada em 2015, foram utilizados métodos etnográficos. Em suas diversas facetas e renovações, esse artigo procura explorar continuidades e rupturas nessa configuração, incluindo a imbricada rede de relações entre grupos sociais que vai muito além de qualquer fronteira. Palavras-Chave: Etnicidade; Remanescentes de comunidades de quilombos; Identidade étnica.
O estabelecimento dos demarcadores de identidade e diferenças a partir das redes sociais no caso do polo naval de Rio Grande-RS
Authors: Marchioro Pedro 
Published: June 2019

Esse artigo é resultado de uma investigação dos processos de construção da figura do “baiano” na região de Rio Grande-RS. Com a instalação do Polo Naval, um número expressivo de trabalhadores migrantes apareceram na cidade devido aos postos de trabalho que o Polo ofereceu. Do encontro entre riograndinos com esses trabalhadores emergiu a figura do "baiano". Reconstruindo o processo em que esta figura se erigiu, percebia-se que o “baiano” poderia ser tanto alguém nascido no estado da Bahia, quanto em Pernambuco, no Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo ou Minas Gerais, de modo que a designação não obedecia a um recorte geográfico, racial ou de classe. A figura do “baiano” é resultado de operações de síntese dos "estrangeiros" que advieram a Rio Grande que busca posicionar o “outro” e manter a posição do nativo. Assim, a configuração onde atua o signo “baiano” está apoiada em uma lógica que sugere um incômodo subjetivo do nativo frente a certos traços comportamentais do "estrangeiro" que rompem com as expectativas normativas presentes em cada contexto; o sentimento de ameaça frente a culturas que instabilizam a distribuição de recursos matérias e simbólicos que já existiam ou que advieram com a instalação do Polo Naval; a uma diferença no grau de apropriação e incorporação dos significados que regulam as regras e infrações dos espaços de comportamentos; e um quadro de desequilíbrio na organização e coesão dos grupos que participam e atualizam os sentidos estes espaços.Palavras-Chave: Identidade; Migrações; Trabalhadores; Rio Grande/RS.
Contribution of FEF to Attentional Periodicity during Visual Search: A TMS Study
Authors: Dugué Laura , Beck Alexy-Assaf , Marque Philippe , VanRullen Rufin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVisual search, looking for a target embedded among distractors, has long been used to study attention. Current theories postulate a two-stage process in which early visual areas perform feature extraction, whereas higher-order regions perform attentional selection. Such a model implies iterative communication between low- and high-level regions to sequentially select candidate targets in the array, focus attention on these elements, and eventually permit target recognition. This leads to two independent predictions: (1) high-level, attentional regions and (2) early visual regions should both be involved periodically during the search. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the frontal eye field (FEF) in humans, known to be involved in attentional selection, at various delays while observers performed a difficult, attentional search task. We observed a periodic pattern of interference at ∼6 Hz (theta) suggesting that the FEF is periodically involved during this difficult search task. We further compared this result with two previous studies (Dugué et al., 2011, 2015a) in which a similar TMS procedure was applied over the early visual cortex (V1) while observers performed the same task. This analysis revealed the same pattern of interference, i.e., V1 is periodically involved during this difficult search task, at the theta frequency. Past V1 evidence reappraised for this paper, together with our current FEF results, confirm both of our independent predictions, and suggest that difficult search is supported by low- and high-level regions, each involved periodically at the theta frequency.
The relationship between perceived stress and problematic social networking site use among Chinese college students
Authors: Hou Xiang-Ling , Wang Hai-Zhen , Hu Tian-Qiang , Gentile Douglas A. , Gaskin James , Wang Jin-Liang 
Published: June 2019

Background and aimsPerceived stress has been regarded as a risk factor for problematic social networking site (SNS) use, yet little is known about the underlying processes whereby confounding variables may mediate or moderate this relationship. To answer this question, this study examined whether depression and anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use, and whether these mediating processes were moderated by psychological resilience and social support.MethodsParticipants were 641 Chinese college students who completed anonymous questionnaires measuring perceived stress, depression/anxiety, psychological resilience, social support, and problematic SNS use.ResultsThe results showed that (a) depression/anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use; (b) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety on the association between perceived stress and problematic SNS use were moderated by psychological resilience. Specifically, the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were stronger for individuals with lower levels of psychological resilience, compared with those with higher levels of psychological resilience; and (c) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were not moderated by social support, although social support was negatively related to depression/anxiety.Discussion and conclusionThis study can contribute to a better understanding of how and when perceived stress increases the risk of problematic SNS use, and implies the importance of enhancing psychological resilience in preventing problematic SNS use.