bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Sedentary Time with Energy Expenditure and Anthropometric Measures
Authors: BONN STEPHANIE E. , RIMM ERIC B. , MATTHEWS CHARLES E. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , BOWLES HEATHER R. , ROOD JENNIFER , BARNETT JUNAIDAH B. , WILLETT WALTER C. , CHOMISTEK ANDREA K. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate associations between accelerometer-determined sedentary time (ST) in prolonged (≥30 min) and nonprolonged (<30 min) bouts with physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) from doubly labeled water. Additionally, associations between ST and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were examined.

Methods
Data from 736 women and 655 men age 43 to 82 yr were analyzed. Participants wore the Actigraph GT3X for 7 d on two occasions approximately 6 months apart, and the average of the measurements was used. Physical activity energy expenditure was estimated by subtracting resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food from doubly labeled water estimates of total daily energy expenditure. Cross-sectional associations were analyzed using isotemporal substitution modeling.

Results
Reallocation of prolonged ST to nonprolonged was not associated with increased PAEE and only significantly associated with lower BMI (β = −0.57 kg·m−2; 95% confidence interval, −0.94 to −0.20) and waist circumference (β = −1.61 cm; 95% confidence interval, −2.61 to −0.60) in men. Replacing either type of ST with light or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with higher PAEE, and lower BMI and waist circumference in both women and men.

Conclusions
Limiting time spent sedentary as well as decreasing ST accumulated in prolonged bouts may have beneficial effects on BMI and waist circumference. Replacing any type of ST with activities of light or higher intensity may also have a substantial impact on PAEE.
O princípio da eficiência administrativa na jurisprudência do TCU
Authors: Cabral Flávio Garcia 
Published: July 2018

The principle of administrative efficiency in TCU’s jurisprudence Este trabalho busca discorrer sobre como o princípio da eficiência administrativa vem sendo interpretado no bojo das decisões proferidas no Tribunal de Contas da União na ordem jurídica brasileira de 1988. Para tanto se apresentará a figura do Tribunal de Contas da União, com suas principais competências constitucionais, para, por meio da análise de decisões pontuais exaradas pelo TCU, compreender qual tem sido a interpretação trazida pela Corte de Contas à eficiência administrativa. This paper seeks to discuss how the principle of administrative efficiency has been interpreted in the decisions of the Brazilian Government Accountability Office in its legal system of 1988. To do so it will present the figure of the Brazilian Government Accountability Office, with its main constitutional powers, so that, through the analysis of its specific decisions, understand which has been the interpretation brought by the Brazilian Government Accountability Office for the principle of administrative efficiency.
Market penetration of Xpert MTB/RIF in high tuberculosis burden countries: A trend analysis from 2014 - 2016
Authors: Cazabon Danielle , Pande Tripti , Kik Sandra , Van Gemert Wayne , Sohn Hojoon , Denkinger Claudia , Qin Zhi Zhen , Waning Brenda , Pai Madhukar 
Published: July 2018

Background: Xpert® MTB/RIF, a rapid tuberculosis (TB) molecular test, was endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2010. Since then, 34.4 million cartridges have been procured under concessional pricing. Although the roll out of this diagnostic is promising, previous studies showed low market penetration. Methods: To assess 3-year trends of market penetration of Xpert MTB/RIF in the public sector, smear and Xpert MTB/RIF volumes for the year 2016 were assessed and policies from 2014-2016 within 22 high-burden countries (HBCs) were studied. A structured questionnaire was sent to representatives of 22 HBCs. The questionnaires assessed the total smear and Xpert MTB/RIF volumes, number of modules and days of operation of GeneXpert machines in National TB Programs (NTPs). Data regarding the use of NTP GeneXpert machines for other diseases and GeneXpert procurement by other disease control programs were collected. Market penetration was estimated by the ratio of total sputum smear volume for initial diagnosis divided by the number of Xpert MTB/RIF tests procured in the public sector. Results: The survey response rate was 21/22 (95%). Smear/Xpert ratios decreased in 17/21 countries and increased in four countries, since 2014. The median ratio decreased from 32.6 (Q1:14.3, Q3: 58.9) in 2014 to 6.0 (Q1: 1.6, Q3: 17.0) in 2016. Nineteen countries (19/19; 100%) were not using GeneXpert machines to their full capacity, however seven countries (7/19; 37%) were running tests for other diseases on their NTP-procured GeneXpert systems in 2017, such as HIV, hepatitis-C virus (HCV), Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Five (5/15; 33%) countries reported GeneXpert procurement by HIV or HCV programs in 2016 and/or 2017. Conclusions: Our results show a positive trend for Xpert MTB/RIF market penetration in 21 HBC public sectors. However, GeneXpert machines were under-utilized for TB, and inadequately exploited as a multi disease technology.
Management of a Shared-Spectrum Network in Wireless Communications
Authors: Wu Shining , Zhang Jiheng , Zhang Rachel Q. 
Published: July 2018

We consider a band of the electromagnetic spectrum with a finite number of identical channels shared by both licensed and unlicensed users. Such a network differs from most many-server, two-class queues in service systems, including call centers, because of the restrictions imposed on the unlicensed users to limit interference to the licensed users. We first approximate the key performance indicators—namely the throughput rate of the system and the delay probability of the licensed users under the asymptotic regime, which requires the analysis of both scaled and unscaled processes simultaneously using the averaging principle. Our analysis reveals a number of distinctive properties of the system. For example, sharing does not affect the level of service provided to the licensed users in an asymptotic sense even when the system is critically loaded. We then study the optimal sharing decisions of the system to maximize the system throughput rate while maintaining the delay probability of the licensed users below a certain level when the system is overloaded. Finally, we extend our study to systems with time-varying arrival rates and propose a diffusion approximation to complement our fluid one. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1707 .
Benvenuti danni punitivi....o forse no!
Authors: Benatti Francesca 
Published: July 2018

Questo articolo tratta della importanza della recente sentenza n 16601/2017 delle Sezioni Unite della Cassazione sta nell’aver affrontato il tema della riconoscibilità in Italia di sentenze che liquidano i danni punitivi, superando l’orientamento tradizionale e fornendo indicazioni utili al legislatore per un suo eventuale intervento. L'articolo, dopo varie considerazioni, conclude, che la decisione delle Sezioni Unite costituisce un momento fondamentale di un percorso che è probabilmente solo all’inizio, chiarisce il dibattito e apre a possibili interventi del legislatore. E’ apprezzabile per equilibrio, moderazione e si pone come una delle migliori sentenze in materia non solo nel nostro ordinamento. E’ condivisibile la soluzione di circoscrivere l’ambito del riconoscimento dei danni punitivi ed escluderne l’ingresso effettivo. Essa dimostra che solo quando il giudice non vuole essere “sovrano” , ma applica le leggi con puntuale adesione a al sistema si ha una vera e consapevole evoluzione del diritto. E allora diventa “sovrano”.
Safety implications of plasma-induced effects in living cells – a review of in vitro and in vivo findings
Authors: Boehm Daniela , Bourke Paula 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma is a versatile new tool in the biomedical field with applications ranging from disinfection, wound healing and tissue regeneration to blood coagulation, and cancer treatment. Along with improved insights into the underlying physical, chemical and biological principles, plasma medicine has also made important advances in the introduction into the clinic. However, in the absence of a standard plasma ‘dose’ definition, the diversity of the field poses certain difficulties in terms of comparability of plasma devices, treatment parameters and resulting biological effects, particularly with regards to the question of what constitutes a safe plasma application. Data from various in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic studies along with in vivo findings from animal and human trials are reviewed to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the safety of plasma for biological applications. Treatment parameters employed in clinical studies were well tolerated but intense treatment conditions can also induce tissue damage or genotoxicity. There is a need identified to establish both guidelines and safety limits that ensure an absence of (long-term) side effects and to define treatments as safe for applications, where cell stimulation is desired, e.g. in wound healing, or those aimed at inducing cell death in the treatment of cancer.
Correlation between Travel Speed, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Wear Characteristics of Ni-Based Hardfaced Deposits over 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Gnanasekaran S. , Padmanaban G. , Balasubramanian V. , Kumar Hemant , Albert Shaju K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Laser hardfacing were produced using a high power Disk laser of 4 kW maximum power as a heat source to melt and bond the Colmonoy-5 powder on to AISI 316 LN stainless steel substrate. Significant difference in melting points between the austenitic stainless steel (ASS) substrate and Ni-based Colmonoy alloy results in substantial dilution of the hardfaced deposit from the substrate. In this present study, the effect of travel speed (TS) on microstructure, microhardness and wear characteristics laser hardfaced deposits were investigated. The phase constitution, microstructure and hardness of laser hardfaced deposits were examined by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Vickers hardness tester. The TS was varied between 300 and 500 mm/min. The other parameters such as, laser power, powder feed rate, and defocusing distance were kept constant. From this investigation, it is found that the deposit hardness increased from 750 HV to 800 HV with decreasing in TS. The TS increases, bead height decreased and dilution and depth of penetration increased. Due to higher TS the faster cooling rate takes place, it causes the cracking and porosity. Microhardness and wear resistance are slightly improved in the TS of 400 mm/min. The microstructures of deposit layer are composed of Ni-rich carbide, boride and silicide, this are the responsible for higher hardness and better wear resistance.
Minimization of Nonlinear Impairments and Its Impact on Transmission Performances of High-Capacity Long-Haul Optical Networks
Authors: Ali Farman , Khan Yousaf , Ali Amjad , Ahmad Gulzar 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
High-capacity and long-haul transmission gained great significance in modern communication networks. Optical fiber communication system is good enough to face the high demand of current telecom terrific. This paper will propound the theoretical model showing nonlinear factors which degrade the transmission performances of high-capacity long-haul network. The postulatory model will be validated using simulation of key nonlinear factors such as effective area, launch power, refractive index and fiber length. The transmission performance of the high-capacity long-haul optical network would be analyzed on the basis of some key parameters such as bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio. Mitigation of nonlinear impairments shows significant impact on transmission performances of high-capacity long-haul optical networks.
Refractory hypoglycemia in a pediatric patient with desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Authors: Almaghraby Abdullah , Brickman Wendy J. , Goldstein Jeffery A. , Habiby Reema L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Tumor-induced hypoglycemia is a rare and serious complication that is usually a consequence of either excessive insulin secretion (insulinoma) or because of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH). NICTH is a rare phenomenon seen most often in adult patients. It is associated with different tumor types. Here, we report the first case to the best of our knowledge in the literature of a pediatric patient with NICTH associated with desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRT).

Case presentation
This is a 15-year-old girl who presented with symptomatic hypoglycemia and abdominal mass. She required an intravenous glucose infusion rate as high as 9 mg/kg/min in addition to glucose containing oral supplements in order to maintain her blood glucose above 60 mg/dL. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed multiple hepatic lesions with an intraperitoneal soft tissue mass which subsequently was diagnosed as DSRT. When the blood glucose was 45 mg/dL, the insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were suppressed with an appropriate elevation of cortisol. Subsequently, an insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) level was sent and the IGF-2:IGF-1 ratio was found to be elevated >10 consistent with NICTH. After the first dose of chemotherapy, hypoglycemia improved, and she was weaned off glucose containing fluids.

Conclusions
NICTH should be considered in all cancer patients regardless of their age with refractory hypoglycemia.
From nanoscopic to macroscopic photo-driven motion in azobenzene-containing materials
Authors: Oscurato Stefano L. , Salvatore Marcella , Maddalena Pasqualino , Ambrosio Antonio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The illumination of azobenzene molecules with UV/visible light efficiently converts the molecules between trans and cis isomerization states. Isomerization is accompanied by a large photo-induced molecular motion, which is able to significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of the materials in which they are incorporated. In some material systems, the nanoscopic structural movement of the isomerizing azobenzene molecules can be even propagated at macroscopic spatial scales. Reversible large-scale superficial photo-patterning and mechanical photo-actuation are efficiently achieved in azobenzene-containing glassy materials and liquid crystalline elastomers, respectively. This review covers several aspects related to the phenomenology and the applications of the light-driven macroscopic effects observed in these two classes of azomaterials, highlighting many of the possibilities they offer in different fields of science, like photonics, biology, surface engineering and robotics.
Nanoimmunotherapy – cloaked defenders to breach the cancer fortress
Authors: Kandasamy Gayathri , Annenkov Vadim , Krishnan Uma Maheswari 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Cancer continues to be ranked among the top causes of mortality in the world despite the advances made in science and technology. The sub-par performance of cancer therapeutic strategies is due to the transformation of the cancer from a proliferating mass of cells into an impregnable fortress that manipulates and controls the microenvironment to prevent access to any potential cytotoxic factor as well as circumvent the innate immune surveillance processes. Recruitment of the native immune cells to selectively recognize and kill cancer cells can serve to augment the cytotoxic effects of conventional cancer therapeutic approaches. In addition to annihilation of the cancer cells, the induction of memory in the immune cells prevents the possibility of cancer recurrence. However, despite the apparent benefits of cancer immunotherapy, there are several pitfalls that need to be addressed in order to extend these benefits to the clinic. In this context, engineered nanostructured carrier systems can be effectively employed for an activation and priming of the host immune system selectively against the target cancer cells. This has led to the emergence of “nanoimmunotherapy” as an important therapeutic approach against cancer. The use of multi-functional nanomaterials in combination with immunotherapy offers possible solutions to overcome the current limitations in cancer therapy and represents the next generation of “smart therapeutics,” which forms the prime focus of discussion in this review.
Accurate Genotype Imputation in Multiparental Populations from Low-Coverage Sequence
Authors: Zheng Chaozhi , Boer Martin P , van Eeuwijk Fred A 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Many different types of multiparental populations have recently been produced to increase genetic diversity and resolution in QTL mapping. Low-coverage, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology has become a cost-effective tool in these populations, despite large amounts of missing data in offspring and founders. In this work, we present a general statistical framework for genotype imputation in such experimental crosses from low-coverage GBS data. Generalizing a previously developed hidden Markov model for calculating ancestral origins of offspring DNA, we present an imputation algorithm that does not require parental data and that is applicable to bi- and multiparental populations. Our imputation algorithm allows heterozygosity of parents and offspring as well as error correction in observed genotypes. Further, our approach can combine imputation and genotype calling from sequencing reads, and it also applies to called genotypes from SNP array data. We evaluate our imputation algorithm by simulated and real data sets in four different types of populations: the F2, the advanced intercross recombinant inbred lines, the multiparent advanced generation intercross, and the cross-pollinated population. Because our approach uses marker data and population design information efficiently, the comparisons with previous approaches show that our imputation is accurate at even very low (&lt;1×) sequencing depth, in addition to having accurate genotype phasing and error detection.
Natural Variation in the Multidrug Efflux Pump SGE1 Underlies Ionic Liquid Tolerance in Yeast
Authors: Higgins Douglas A , Young Megan K M , Tremaine Mary , Sardi Maria , Fletcher Jenna M , Agnew Margaret , Liu Lisa , Dickinson Quinn , Peris David , Wrobel Russell L , Hittinger Chris Todd , Gasch Audrey P , Singer Steven W , Simmons Blake A , Landick Robert , Thelen Michael P , Sato Trey K 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Imidazolium ionic liquids (IILs) have a range of biotechnological applications, including as pretreatment solvents that extract cellulose from plant biomass for microbial fermentation into sustainable bioenergy. However, residual levels of IILs, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2C1im]Cl), are toxic to biofuel-producing microbes, including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae strains isolated from diverse ecological niches differ in genomic sequence and in phenotypes potentially beneficial for industrial applications, including tolerance to inhibitory compounds present in hydrolyzed plant feedstocks. We evaluated &gt;100 genome-sequenced S. cerevisiae strains for tolerance to [C2C1im]Cl and identified one strain with exceptional tolerance. By screening a library of genomic DNA fragments from the [C2C1im]Cl-tolerant strain for improved IIL tolerance, we identified SGE1, which encodes a plasma membrane multidrug efflux pump, and a previously uncharacterized gene that we named ionic liquid tolerance 1 (ILT1), which encodes a predicted membrane protein. Analyses of SGE1 sequences from our panel of S. cerevisiae strains together with growth phenotypes implicated two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associated with IIL tolerance and sensitivity. We confirmed these phenotypic effects by transferring the SGE1 SNPs into a [C2C1im]Cl-sensitive yeast strain using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Further studies indicated that these SNPs affect Sge1 protein stability and cell surface localization, influencing the amount of toxic IILs that cells can pump out of the cytoplasm. Our results highlight the general potential for discovering useful biotechnological functions from untapped natural sequence variation and provide functional insight into emergent SGE1 alleles with reduced capacities to protect against IIL toxicity.
The Effects Of Self Esteem, Social Support, And Religious Orientation Toward Cyberbullying Intention On Adolescents At Senior High School
Authors: Kinanti Diah Roro , Hartati Netty 
Published: July 2018

Cyberbullying intention has penetrated into adolescence and even in the school environment. Moreover, coupled with the widespread use of smartphones among adolescents. Number of Internet users in 2014 in Banten province and 3.3 million users in the age of 10-24 years of as much as 75.5%. Subjects of this study are 210 high school students in the area of Triguna Utama School. This study showed various results of cyberbullying intention variance proportion that affected by self-esteem, emotional support, instrumental support, informational support, companionship support, intrinsic orientation and ekstrinsic orientation which is 17,9% with the significant contribution variable as follows: companionship support, intrinsic orientation, and ekstrinsic orientation. DOI: 10.15408/tazkiya.v22i2.8400