bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Relationship Between Production Factors of Citra Water Apple Business in Hamlet II Paya Salit, Langkat District
Authors: Marisa J , Sitepu S A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between land area, fertilizer, insecticide, and labor to the production of citra water apple business in Hamlet II Paya Salit Langkat. This research type is descriptive research that is researcher describe condition of variable of cultivation business of citra water apple. Population in this research is all farmer of citra water apple that exist in Hamlet II Paya Salit. The analytical method used is Chi-Square analysis using SPSS 18.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between land area, fertilizer, insecticide and labor on the production of citra water apple business in Hamlet II Paya Salit Langkat District with the correlation of the relationship between the business area, fertilizer to the production of 91.4%, and the correlation of labor relations with production of 87.4% and the correlation of the insecticide relationship with the production of 52.9%.
Silicon micromachining with nanometer-thin boron masking and membrane material
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Italiano Joe , Scott Robin , Nanver Lis K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) conditions were investigated for enabling the growth of pure boron (PureB) on Si with low stress and at as low as possible temperature. The application of the B as masking material for Si wet etching by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and as membrane material was demonstrated for B deposition temperatures down to 300 °C. Layer thickness in the range 4 nm to 40 nm was applied. In a Si epitaxy reactor system a close to zero-stress condition was found at ∼600 °C, and in an atomic-layer deposition system operated in CVD mode, loosely-bonded 300 °C layers without measurable stress were realized. The compactness of the layers was evaluated by monitoring the etch rate in standard aluminum wet etchant and by observing electron transmissivity, confirming a clear relationship between deposition conditions, compactness and stress.
An extensive review of tools for manual annotation of documents
Authors: Neves Mariana , Ševa Jurica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotivationAnnotation tools are applied to build training and test corpora, which are essential for the development and evaluation of new natural language processing algorithms. Further, annotation tools are also used to extract new information for a particular use case. However, owing to the high number of existing annotation tools, finding the one that best fits particular needs is a demanding task that requires searching the scientific literature followed by installing and trying various tools.MethodsWe searched for annotation tools and selected a subset of them according to five requirements with which they should comply, such as being Web-based or supporting the definition of a schema. We installed the selected tools (when necessary), carried out hands-on experiments and evaluated them using 26 criteria that covered functional and technical aspects. We defined each criterion on three levels of matches and a score for the final evaluation of the tools.ResultsWe evaluated 78 tools and selected the following 15 for a detailed evaluation: BioQRator, brat, Catma, Djangology, ezTag, FLAT, LightTag, MAT, MyMiner, PDFAnno, prodigy, tagtog, TextAE, WAT-SL and WebAnno. Full compliance with our 26 criteria ranged from only 9 up to 20 criteria, which demonstrated that some tools are comprehensive and mature enough to be used on most annotation projects. The highest score of 0.81 was obtained by WebAnno (of a maximum value of 1.0).
SPARSim single cell: a count data simulator for scRNA-seq data
Authors: Baruzzo Giacomo , Patuzzi Ilaria , Di Camillo Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotivationSingle cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) count data show many differences compared with bulk RNA-seq count data, making the application of many RNA-seq pre-processing/analysis methods not straightforward or even inappropriate. For this reason, the development of new methods for handling scRNA-seq count data is currently one of the most active research fields in bioinformatics. To help the development of such new methods, the availability of simulated data could play a pivotal role. However, only few scRNA-seq count data simulators are available, often showing poor or not demonstrated similarity with real data.ResultsIn this article we present SPARSim, a scRNA-seq count data simulator based on a Gamma-Multivariate Hypergeometric model. We demonstrate that SPARSim allows to generate count data that resemble real data in terms of count intensity, variability and sparsity, performing comparably or better than one of the most used scRNA-seq simulator, Splat. In particular, SPARSim simulated count matrices well resemble the distribution of zeros across different expression intensities observed in real count data.Availability and implementationSPARSim R package is freely available at http://sysbiobig.dei.unipd.it/? q=SPARSim and at https://gitlab.com/sysbiobig/sparsim.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Development of a new mouse model for coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis by attenuating coxsackievirus B3 virulence in the pancreas
Authors: Pinkert Sandra , Pryshliak Markian , Pappritz Kathleen , Knoch Klaus , Hazini Ahmet , Dieringer Babette , Schaar Katrin , Dong Fengquan , Hinze Luisa , Lin Jie , Lassner Dirk , Klopfleisch Robert , Solimena Michele , Tschöpe Carsten , Kaya Ziya , El-Shafeey Muhammad , Beling Antje , Kurreck Jens , Van Linthout Sophie , Klingel Karin , Fechner Henry 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
The coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) mouse myocarditis model is the standard model for investigation of virus-induced myocarditis but the pancreas, rather than the heart, is the most susceptible organ in mouse. The aim of this study was to develop a CVB3 mouse myocarditis model in which animals develop myocarditis while attenuating viral infection of the pancreas and the development of severe pancreatitis.

Methods and results
We developed the recombinant CVB3 variant H3N-375TS by inserting target sites (TS) of miR-375, which is specifically expressed in the pancreas, into the 3ʹUTR of the genome of the pancreo- and cardiotropic CVB3 variant H3. In vitro evaluation showed that H3N-375TS was suppressed in pancreatic miR-375-expressing EndoC-βH1 cells &gt;5 log10, whereas its replication was not suppressed in isolated primary embryonic mouse cardiomyocytes. In vivo, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of H3N-375TS to NMRI mice did not result in pancreatic or cardiac infection. In contrast, intravenous (i.v.) administration of H3N-375TS to NMRI and Balb/C mice resulted in myocardial infection and acute and chronic myocarditis, whereas the virus was not detected in the pancreas and the pancreatic tissue was not damaged. Acute myocarditis was characterized by myocardial injury, inflammation with mononuclear cells, induction of proinflammatory cytokines, and detection of replicating H3N-375TS in the heart. Mice with chronic myocarditis showed myocardial fibrosis and persistence of H3N-375TS genomic RNA but no replicating virus in the heart. Moreover, H3N-375TS infected mice showed distinctly less suffering compared with mice that developed pancreatitis and myocarditis after i.p. or i.v application of control virus.

Conclusion
In this study, we demonstrate that by use of the miR-375-sensitive CVB3 variant H3N-375TS, CVB3 myocarditis can be established without the animals developing severe systemic infection and pancreatitis. As the H3N-375TS myocarditis model depends on pancreas-attenuated H3N-375TS, it can easily be used in different mouse strains and for various applications.
Interstitial and Granulomatous Lung Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Eliadou Elena , Moleiro Joana , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe , Astegiano Marco , Rothfuss Katja , Taxonera Carlos , Ghalim Fahd , Carbonnel Franck , Verstockt Bram , Festa Stefano , Maia Luís , Berrozpe Ana , Zagorowicz Edyta , Savarino Edoardo , Ellul Pierre , Vavricka Stephan R , Calvo Marta , Koutroubakis Ioannis , Hoentjen Frank , Salazar Luis Fernández , Callela Francesca , Cañete Pizarro Fiorella , Soufleris Konstantinos , Sonnenberg Elena , Cavicchi Maryan , Wypych Joanna , Hommel Christophe , Ghiani Alessandro , Fiorino Gionata ,   ECCO CONFER COMMITTEE
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial lung [ILD] disease and granulomatous lung disease [GLD] are rare respiratory disorders that have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Clinical presentation is polymorphic and aetiology is unclear.MethodsThis was an ECCO-CONFER project. Cases of concomitant ILD or GLD and IBD, or drug-induced ILD/GLD, were collected. The criteria for diagnosing ILD and GLD were based on definitions from the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society and on the discretion of reporting clinician.ResultsWe identified 31 patients with ILD. The majority had ulcerative colitis [UC] [n = 22]. Drug-related ILD was found in 64% of these patients, 25 patients [80.6%] required hospitalisation, and one required non-invasive ventilation. The causative drug was stopped in all drug-related ILD, and 87% of patients received systemic steroids. At follow-up, 16% of patients had no respiratory symptoms, 16% had partial improvement, 55% had ongoing symptoms, and there were no data in 13%. One patient was referred for lung transplantation, and one death from lung fibrosis was reported. We also identified 22 GLD patients: most had Crohn’s disease [CD] [n = 17]. Drug-related GLD was found in 36% of patients and 10 patients [45.4%] required hospitalisation. The causative drug was stopped in all drug-related GLD, and 81% of patients received systemic steroids. Remission of both conditions was achieved in almost all patients.ConclusionsILD and GLD, although rare, can cause significant morbidity. In our series, over half of cases were drug-related and therefore focused pharmacovigilance is needed to identify and manage these cases.
Aortic arch variant with a common origin of the innominate and left carotid artery as a determinant of thoracic aortic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marrocco-Trischitta Massimiliano M , Alaidroos Moad , Romarowski Rodrigo M , Milani Valentina , Ambrogi Federico , Secchi Francesco , Glauber Mattia , Nano Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ‘bovine’ arch [i.e. arch variant with a common origin of the innominate and left carotid artery (CILCA)] is associated with an increased risk of thoracic aortic disease (TAD). The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to identify all case series reporting about CILCA arch and TAD between January 2008 and December 2018. A total of 485 studies were screened. The prevalence of CILCA arch was assessed, and data analysis was performed considering the difference in the risk of TAD for presence versus absence of CILCA arch. Eight studies enrolling 11 381 subjects were retrieved for quantitative analysis. The proportion of TAD among CILCA arch patients was higher [41.5% (28.1–56.4)] than the proportion among patients with standard arch configuration 34.0% (20.1–51.4). The odds ratio of developing TAD was 1.4 times higher in subjects with CILCA arch (95% confidence interval 1.068–1.839). The test for an overall effect indicated a significant association between CILCA arch and TAD (P < 0.015). The I2 was 78.1% with a value of P < 0.001 for heterogeneity. The Egger test did not show evidence of publication bias (P = 0.317). In conclusion, our meta-analysis supports the hypothesis of a correlation between the presence of CILCA arch and the onset of TAD. Our results warrant a specific and long-term surveillance for patients with this anatomical variant, and a thorough awareness of its potential clinical implications during image interpretation.
Robotic totally endoscopic beating-heart bypass to the right coronary artery: first worldwide experience
Authors: Balkhy Husam H , Kitahara Hiroto , Mitzman Brian , Nisivaco Sarah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Left coronary vessels are the usual targets in totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB). Grafting of the right coronary artery (RCA) has been limited using this approach because of anatomic and technical difficulties. We report a first series of robotic beating-heart TECAB to the RCA via a right-chest approach.

METHODS
From July 2013 to April 2019, patients who underwent robotic beating-heart TECAB with the right internal mammary artery to the RCA were reviewed. Port placement in the right chest mirrored standard left-sided ports. Indications for right internal mammary artery to RCA bypass were RCA disease not amenable to percutaneous intervention and anomalous origin of the RCA.

RESULTS
Right internal mammary artery–RCA bypass was performed in 16 patients (mean age 60.6 ± 13.5, 75% male). All cases were completed without conversion to sternotomy or mini-thoracotomy. Cardiopulmonary bypass was required in 1 patient to expose the posterior descending artery. Mean procedure time was 223 ± 49 min, with half of the patients extubated in the operating room (50%). Mean intraoperative transit-time graft flow was 87.0 ± 19.3 ml/min, and a pulsatility index of 1.2 ± 0.2. Mean length of stay was 2.3 ± 1.2 days. No mortality was observed at mean follow-up time of 20.6 months. One patient required repeat RCA revascularization for progression of native disease 43.7 months after the surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Robotic beating-heart TECAB for isolated RCA disease is a feasible operation in selected patients. This technique is possible even for the posterior descending artery.
First 2-D intrinsic and scattering attenuation images of Mt Etna volcano and surrounding region from active seismic data
Authors: Ibáñez Jesús M , Castro-Melgar Ignacio , Cocina Ornella , Zuccarello Luciano , Branca Stefano , Del Pezzo Edoardo , Prudencio Janire 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYWe present 2-D attenuation images of the Mt Etna volcanic region on the basis of separation of intrinsic and scattering effects. The analysis presented here exploits a large active seismic database that fully covers the area under study. We observe that scattering effects dominate over intrinsic attenuation, suggesting that the region is very heterogeneous. Comparison with analyses conducted at other volcanoes reveals that the Mt Etna region is characterized by high intrinsic attenuation, resulting from the presence of large volcanoclastic deposits at shallow depth. The 2-D distributions of intrinsic and scattering anomalies show the presence of regions characterized by high and low attenuation effects, corresponding to several tectonic and volcanic features. In particular, we identify a high attenuation region in the SW sector of the Mt Etna volcanic complex, which is correlated with high seismicity rates and volcanism. This work supports the hypothesis of a link between the dynamics of the SW flank and the recharge of the volcano in the last decades, occurring under the summit crater and, secondarily, the upper South rift zone.
Clashing Traditions: German Foreign Policy in a New Era
Authors: Gaskarth Jamie , Oppermann Kai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A series of crises over the last decade have put pressure on Europe's fundamental ordering principles. In response, German policymakers have scrambled to reinterpret Germany's foreign policy for a new era. To understand this process, the authors utilize an interpretivist approach, analyzing the discourse of German foreign policymakers through the lens of four traditions of thought informing debates: regionalism, pacifism, realism, and hegemonism. The article suggests that despite serious challenges, prevailing patterns of belief centered round regionalism and pacifism, supported by a particular civilian understanding of hegemony, persist. Yet, Germany's allies are challenging this framework and calling for it to accept more responsibility for regional and global security. As a result, a realist tradition is reemerging in Germany's discourse. The taxonomy provided here allows a richer understanding of these debates as well as an appreciation of how policymakers mobilize ideas to resist or enable policy change.
The Lotus Case in Context
Authors: Beaulac Stéphane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the significance of the 1927 case of SS Lotus to assess jurisdiction in international law from a historical perspective. It situates the Lotus case in its historical context by considering the influence of the Westphalian legal order and Emer de Vattel’s understanding of state sovereignty on the Court’s judgment. The influence of both of these frameworks supports the positivistic stance taken by the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) in this decision, which remains present in the more recent jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). By examining the Lotus case, the chapter then looks at the theoretical assumptions that underpin state sovereignty and jurisdiction in international law.
Navigating Diffuse Jurisdictions
Authors: Quane Helen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter studies the jurisdictional boundaries between state and non-state law with specific reference to religious, or customary, law. The determination of these regulatory forms as state law depends on the extent to which they perform prescriptive, adjudicative, or enforcement functions. Indeed, the boundaries between state and non-state law are not as stable as they may appear, as they are liable to shift according to circumstances and over time. The chapter then argues that the issue of classification acquires resonance in cases where legal pluralism occurs as the character and scope of a state’s exercise of jurisdiction becomes far more ambiguous in such situations. This can create uncertainty about the jurisdiction of the respective systems, the status of norms from one system that are given effect in another, and how these norms should be interpreted and applied given their concurrent existence within more than one legal system.
Deepening the Conversation between Socio-Legal Theory and Legal Scholarship about Jurisdiction
Authors: Valverde Mariana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between social theory and legal studies, paying close attention to the theoretical implications of specific legal technicalities by borrowing methodologies originating from non-legal disciplines. Social theorists who want to engage with and contribute to socio-legal scholarship can draw on actual legal quandaries and real-world governance dilemmas to help generate theoretical insights that may perhaps borrow their underlying epistemology from non-legal theorists, but that also draw substantially on close studies of legal processes, particularly the often-ignored theoretical significance of law’s own procedures and knowledge moves. The chapter then reveals how the substantial benefits may be derived from this genuine exercise in interdisciplinarity by harnessing considerations of scale, temporality, materiality, and narrative affect, as far as the jurisdiction is concerned.
Cosmopolitan Jurisdiction and the National Interest
Authors: Ryngaert Cedric 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the exercise of jurisdiction in the common interest. Drawing on realism and actual practice, it is posited that the exercise of jurisdiction in the common interest is unlikely unless the state has a nexus to the situation subject to regulation. The presence of a nexus may in fact serve to allocate jurisdictional authority and responsibility and encourage action in the common interest. In practice, cosmopolitan jurisdiction is hardly exercised. Scarce resources, fear of retaliation or reciprocity, and lack of local interest in global issues may cause states to forego assertions of cosmopolitan jurisdiction, unless a ‘national interest’ can be identified. The chapter then considers the actual practice of universal criminal jurisdiction.
The Establishment, Change, and Expansion of Jurisdiction through Treaties
Authors: Kritsiotis Dino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter studies the insufficiency of the so-called traditional principles of jurisdiction—territoriality, nationality, protection, universality, and passive personality—when set against jurisdictional provisions of treaties and in customary international law. In increasing and discernible measure, treaties have invoked a veritable suite of ‘jurisdictional possibilities’ over time, often making greater demands on states than is found in—to take an early example—the 1926 Slavery Convention. By way of treaty design, states have accentuated the form and shape of the jurisdictional power of states that is to be engaged: there is no question that jurisdiction has come to form a much more pronounced and explicit part of the strategization toward common ends on a host of matters ranging from the counterfeiting of currency to human trafficking.
The Evolving Nature of the Jurisdiction of the Security Council
Authors: Kerschischnig Georg , Montejo Blanca 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter studies the original conception of the Security Council’s jurisdiction and contrasts it with the way its jurisdiction has developed and expanded in practice since the end of the Cold War. The Security Council’s jurisdiction—which is principally political and informed primarily by political rather than legal considerations—rests on a limited legal framework consisting of provisions in the UN Charter and of the Council’s own provisional rules of procedure. Nevertheless, the Security Council’s jurisdiction has expanded considerably since the end of the Cold War and has expanded into areas beyond international security. One notable area in which the Council’s competence has increased in this period is that of sanctions. These jurisdiction-related developments in the Council’s practice reflect a world in which the line between national and international jurisdiction are no longer clear or desirable. At the same time, the Council has also increased its interaction with UN Member States and with civil society.
Jurisdiction and International Territorial Administration
Authors: Summers James 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This concluding chapter discusses jurisdiction and international territorial administration. Such territorial administration regimes have been created where international organizations or states collectively have had to step in to stabilize or reconstruct a particular country or region, and this kind of administration creates a very distinctive and complex environment for jurisdiction. The chapter then explores five different aspects of jurisdiction in relation to these administrations. First, it looks at the basis on which these bodies might assert jurisdiction over a territory and its people. Second, it examines how this jurisdiction can be exercised within the domestic legal systems of these territories. Third, it investigates jurisdiction over international crimes, which may be shared between different international bodies. Fourth, it considers the impact of international organizations’ immunities on jurisdiction, including, fifth, their significance for human rights jurisdiction.