bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wealth transfer through private placements: Evidence from China
Authors: Lin Jing , Zheng Steven X. , Zhou Mingshan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examine private issuance of public equity (PIPE) in China, and our results suggest that PIPE investors benefit from the price manipulation before and after issuance. These investors tend to cash out after lockup expiration and make large profits. We also find evidence that the trading of PIPE investors after lockup expiration is informed. Tests about the abnormal returns in the 3 years after lockup expiration suggest that at least part of the benefits PIPE investors receive come from wealth transfer from outside investors. Overall, PIPE issuers in China seem to use an opaque mechanism to compensate PIPE investors.
Does access to internet promote innovation? A look at the U.S. broadband industry
Authors: Xu Xu , Watts Alison , Reed Markum 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccess to the Internet is an essential determinant of innovation, which has received little attention in the literature. This paper emphasizes the role of Internet accessibility in lowering information costs and therefore boosting regional innovation activity. We construct a simple theoretical model to illustrate the positive impact of decreased discovery costs, proxied by the accessibility of the Internet, on innovation. To test this hypothesis, we exploit a county‐level data set in the U.S. and run three types of regression with and without instruments: OLS, negative binomial, and Poisson. Within each method, we employ four levels of download speeds. We find a positive relationship between the access to the Internet and the number of patents filed in that specific county. This effect is particularly strong in the case of access to download speeds of 10 Mbps. Our analysis suggests that access to the Internet lowers information disseminating costs and therefore encourages more patents filed in the county. The results also indicate that access to the Internet matters more than faster Internet speed for innovation. Policy implications for these results suggest that if there were a minimum Internet access initiative, there could potentially be a significant increase in innovation by the U.S.
Effect of irinotecan on the tongue mucosa of juvenile male albino rat at adulthood
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa Awad Abdel Hamid , Elwan Walaa M. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIrinotecan is one of the most important anti‐tumour drugs against a broad spectrum of malignancies, but is known to be associated with possible oral complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irinotecan on the tongue mucosa of juvenile male albino rat at adulthood using different histological and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty juvenile male albino rats were divided equally into two groups: control and irinotecan‐treated group (single injection of 200 mg irinotecan/kg, then kept for four weeks without treatment). The tongue specimens were processed for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The irinotecan‐treated group showed statistically significant shortening and thinning of the lingual papillae. There was loss of the normal appearance of the filiform papillae with focal cell loss alternating with areas of hyperkeratosis. Focal separation of the keratin layer, some nuclear changes and vacuolation of some epithelial cells were detected. Dilated congested blood vessels and mild mononuclear cellular infiltration were encountered. Atrophic fungiform papillae with ill‐defined taste bud cells were observed. A statistically significant decrease in the pattern of Ki67 immunohistochemical staining reaction was detected in comparision to the control group. Scanning electron microscopy revealed different signs of atrophy of the tongue papillae. Focal areas of desquamation of lingual papillae were observed revealing some filiform papillae with desquamated surface, bisected tips and evident thinning. Some extravasated red blood cells could be detected. Thus irinotecan caused significant morphological and morphometrical alterations of the tongue mucosa in particularly the filiform papillae.
Testing the psychometric properties of the short work–family enrichment scale on underrepresented samples
Authors: Haar Jarrod , Cordier Jason 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe psychometric properties of the new short version of the work–family enrichment scale were tested on two underrepresented samples: (1) Māori employees, the indigenous people of New Zealand and (2) Sri Lankan employees. Both groups have not been well explored in the work–family field. We examine the measurement properties of the short measure for work–family and family–work enrichment and using structural equation modeling, investigate its associations with toward emotional exhaustion and stress (sample 1 n = 215) and emotional exhaustion and cynicism (sample 2 n = 143). Results support the new measure and provide initial evidence of the beneficial impact of work and family roles in underexplored populations. This highlights greater universality and cross‐cultural validation.
Combining abilities of sugar beet genotypes for root‐ and sugar‐related traits under multi‐environment trials
Authors: Hassani Mahdi , Heidari Bahram , Stevanato Piergiorgio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe improvement of sugar‐related factors is associated with root traits in sugar beet. The objectives of the present study were to assess variations of sugar‐ and root yield (RY)‐related traits and to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of several lines, testers and hybrids under various environmental conditions. A line × tester mating design was used to develop 28 hybrids from seven lines × four testers. Presently, root‐ and sugar‐related traits were recorded in parental lines, hybrids and five local ('Pars', 'Torbat' and 'Ekbatan') and international ('Kermit' and 'Tous') check varieties in the eight combinations of location and growing season. Mean RY and sugar yield (SY) were 44.81 t/ha and 7.57 t/ha, respectively. Genotypes tested had 16.91% sugar content (SC) and 13.64% white sugar content (WSC) across trials. No one genotype was found to have high levels for all traits, but several had above mean sugar‐related or RY traits. L7T2 as the best hybrid for RY and SY yielded 37.0% and 34.4% more than the checks’ mean, whereas ratios for the best hybrid (L7T4) for SC and WSC were 8.2% and 4.3%, respectively. Additive variance was significant for all traits, whereas dominance component was only significant for RY. Several parental lines had stable GCA effects with respect to direction and magnitude for WSC, RY and SC in environments. L7 and T2 for RY and SY and L3 and T4 for SC and WSC were identified as the best combiners with high GCA effects, and their use might increase favourable alleles in further breeding programmes for traits tested. Estimated heritability for the combined environments was lower for sugar‐related traits (54.01%–59.39%) compared with those for RY traits (73.68%–74.21%). Overall, given heritability and additive variances estimated the identification of environmentally stable GCA and SCA effects and might help to increase efficiency of selection of superior cultivars with respect to sugar traits.
Anti-RNP positivity in primary Sjögren’s syndrome is associated with a more active disease and a more frequent muscular and pulmonary involvement
Authors: Abbara Salam , Seror Raphaele , Henry Julien , Chretien Pascale , Gleizes Aude , Hacein-Bey-Abina Salima , Mariette Xavier , Nocturne Gaetane 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo describe and compare the clinical and biological characteristics of subjects with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) with and without anti-RNP antibodies.MethodsPatients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR 2016 criteria for pSS and having anti-RNP antibodies, without other connective tissue disease diagnosed and no anti-dsDNA antibodies were retrieved from the database from our French National Reference Center. These patients were compared with all other patients with pSS with negative anti-Sm, anti-RNP and anti-dsDNA antibodies.ResultsOverall, 21 patients with pSS positive for anti-RNP antibodies and 446 negative for anti-RNP antibodies were retrieved. Anti-RNP-positive patients had a lower median age at onset of pSS symptoms (41.0 vs 50.0 years, p=0.01), a higher median EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index at inclusion (8.0 vs 3.0, p<0.01), more frequently constitutional symptoms (14.3% vs 0.01%, p<0.01), myositis (19.0% vs 2.3%, p<0.01) and pulmonary (19.0% vs 5.7%, p=0.04) involvement. Moreover, anti-RNP-positive patients had higher median gammaglobulin levels (22.5 vs 13 g/L, p<0.01), more frequently anti-SSA antibodies (90.5% vs 67.1%, p=0.03), but less frequent lymphocytic sialadenitis with a focus score ≥1 (66.7% vs 85.5%, p=0.03). If the analysis is restricted to anti-SSA-positive patients, anti-RNP positivity is associated with the same clinicobiologic features except the pulmonary involvement.ConclusionPatients with pSS with anti-RNP antibodies displayed a more active systemic disease, with more frequent muscular and pulmonary involvement, and increased gammaglobulin level, compared with anti-RNP-negative patients.
Patient-reported outcomes for tofacitinib with and without methotrexate, or adalimumab with methotrexate, in rheumatoid arthritis: a phase IIIB/IV trial
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Mysler Eduardo , Moots Robert J , Wallenstein Gene V , DeMasi Ryan , Gruben David , Soma Koshika , Iikuni Noriko , Smolen Josef S , Fleischmann Roy 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo provide the first direct comparison of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following treatment with tofacitinib monotherapy versus tofacitinib or adalimumab (ADA) in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with inadequate response to MTX (MTX-IR).MethodsORAL Strategy (NCT02187055), a phase IIIB/IV, head-to-head, randomised controlled trial, assessed non-inferiority between tofacitinib 5 mg two times per day monotherapy, tofacitinib 5 mg two times per day+MTX and ADA 40 mg every other week+MTX. PROs assessed included the following: Patient Global Assessment of disease activity (PtGA), Pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) summary and domain scores.ResultsSubstantial improvements from baseline were reported across all PROs in all treatment arms, which, in the majority, met or exceeded minimum clinically important differences. Compared with tofacitinib monotherapy, tofacitinib+MTX combination treatment conferred significantly greater improvements in PtGA, Pain and SF-36 physical component summary scores at month 6. Statistically or numerically greater improvements were often, but not uniformly, reported for combination treatments compared with tofacitinib monotherapy at other time points.ConclusionTreatment with tofacitinib+MTX, ADA+MTX and tofacitinib monotherapy resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in PROs in MTX-IR patients with RA. These were comparatively greater with combination treatments versus tofacitinib monotherapy, although differences between treatment arms were small, limiting our ability to confer clinical meaning.Trial registration numberNCT02187055.
Spike threshold adaptation diversifies neuronal operating modes in the auditory brain stem
Authors: Lubejko Susan T. , Fontaine Bertrand , Soueidan Sara E. , MacLeod Katrina M. 
Published: October 2019

Single neurons function along a spectrum of neuronal operating modes whose properties determine how the output firing activity is generated from synaptic input. The auditory brain stem contains a diversity of neurons, from pure coincidence detectors to pure integrators and those with intermediate properties. We investigated how intrinsic spike initiation mechanisms regulate neuronal operating mode in the avian cochlear nucleus. Although the neurons in one division of the avian cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis, have been studied in depth, the spike threshold dynamics of the tonically firing neurons of a second division of cochlear nucleus, nucleus angularis (NA), remained unexplained. The input-output functions of tonically firing NA neurons were interrogated with directly injected in vivo-like current stimuli during whole cell patch-clamp recordings in vitro. Increasing the amplitude of the noise fluctuations in the current stimulus enhanced the firing rates in one subset of tonically firing neurons (“differentiators”) but not another (“integrators”). We found that spike thresholds showed significantly greater adaptation and variability in the differentiator neurons. A leaky integrate-and-fire neuronal model with an adaptive spike initiation process derived from sodium channel dynamics was fit to the firing responses and could recapitulate >80% of the precise temporal firing across a range of fluctuation and mean current levels. Greater threshold adaptation explained the frequency-current curve changes due to a hyperpolarized shift in the effective adaptation voltage range and longer-lasting threshold adaptation in differentiators. The fine-tuning of the intrinsic properties of different NA neurons suggests they may have specialized roles in spectrotemporal processing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Avian cochlear nucleus angularis (NA) neurons are responsible for encoding sound intensity for sound localization and spectrotemporal processing. An adaptive spike threshold mechanism fine-tunes a subset of repetitive-spiking neurons in NA to confer coincidence detector-like properties. A model based on sodium channel inactivation properties reproduced the activity via a hyperpolarized shift in adaptation conferring fluctuation sensitivity.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Astrocytes Activate PPARγ Signaling in Cancer Cells to Promote Brain Metastasis
Authors: Zou Yongkang , Watters Andrea , Cheng Nan , Perry Caroline E. , Xu Ke , Alicea Gretchen M. , Parris Joshua L.D. , Baraban Ezra , Ray Pulak , Nayak Anupma , Xu Xiaowei , Herlyn Meenhard , Murphy Maureen E. , Weeraratna Ashani T. , Schug Zachary T. , Chen Qing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Brain metastasis, the most lethal form of melanoma and carcinoma, is the consequence of favorable interactions between the invading cancer cells and the brain cells. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has ambiguous functions in cancer development, and its relevance in advanced brain metastasis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that astrocytes, the unique brain glial cells, activate PPARγ in brain metastatic cancer cells. PPARγ activation enhances cell proliferation and metastatic outgrowth in the brain. Mechanistically, astrocytes have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids that act as “donors” of PPARγ activators to the invading cancer cells. In clinical samples, PPARγ signaling is significantly higher in brain metastatic lesions. Notably, systemic administration of PPARγ antagonists significantly reduces brain metastatic burden in vivo. Our study clarifies a prometastatic role for PPARγ signaling in cancer metastasis in the lipid-rich brain microenvironment and argues for the use of PPARγ blockade to treat brain metastasis.

Significance:
Brain-tropic cancer cells take advantage of the lipid-rich brain microenvironment to facilitate their proliferation by activating PPARγ signaling. This protumor effect of PPARγ in advanced brain metastases is in contrast to its antitumor function in carcinogenesis and early metastatic steps, indicating that PPARγ has diverse functions at different stages of cancer development.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631
Representation of Arabic and Syriac in the Samaritan Version of Saadya Gaon’s Translation of the Pentateuch
Authors: Zewi Tamar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Saadya ben Joseph al-Fayyumi (Saˁīd b. Yūsuf al-Fayyūmī, Saadya Gaon, b. Egypt 882—d. Baghdad 942) translated the Pentateuch as well as several other parts of the Bible into Arabic in the first half of the 10th century. The translation, named tafsīr by Saadya himself, was transmitted in two versions, one in Hebrew letters, probably intended for and used by Jewish-Rabbanite communities, and another in Arabic letters, probably intended for and used by other communities. Several manuscripts holding a Saadyan version in Arabic letters were used by Christian communities in the Near East. Some of these manuscripts probably reached the Samaritans, or at least one Samaritan community. The main source consisting of the Samaritan version of Saadya Gaon’s translation of the Pentateuch is MS London BL OR 7562. The article discusses the status of this manuscript among the other Samaritan Arabic translations, its characteristics, and demonstrates the reflections of Arabic and Syriac vocabulary in its Samaritan script.
Altered brain structural and cognitive impairment in end-stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Gong Xijun , Zou Liwei , Wu Hanqiu , Shan Yanqi , Liu Guiling , Zheng Suisheng , Wang Longsheng 
Published: October 2019

Background Cognitive impairment has received attention as an important problem in patients with end-stage renal disease, although end-stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism have not been studied. Purpose To assess the pattern of brain volume changes in end-stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism by using voxel-based morphometry and correlating these measures with clinical markers and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Material and Methods Fifty end-stage renal disease patients with no anatomical abnormalities in conventional MRI (25 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, 14 men, mean age 42.20 ± 7.53 years; 25 patients without secondary hyperparathyroidism, 15 men, mean age 41.96 ± 6.17 years) were selected in this study. All patients underwent laboratory tests, neuropsychological tests, and MRI. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to detect regional gray matter volume differences between the two groups. The relationships between abnormal gray matter volume and clinical markers and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were investigated. Results Voxel-based morphometry revealed increased gray matter volume in end-stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in the bilateral caudate and bilateral thalamus compared with non- secondary hyperparathyroidism end-stage renal disease patients ( P < 0.05, FWE corrected). Regarding the laboratory and neuropsychological tests, we found significant correlations between volume in these brain regions and intact parathyroid hormone levels and negative correlations with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. There were no significant associations between brain volume changes and other clinical data (disease duration, urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels). Conclusion Our results showed significantly increased gray matter volume in end-stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, which was associated with intact parathyroid hormone levels and cognitive impairment. Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in end-stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Role of E2Fs and mitotic regulators controlled by E2Fs in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Jusino Shirley , Saavedra Harold I 
Published: October 2019

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex cellular process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties. EMT occurs in three biological settings: development, wound healing and fibrosis, and tumor progression. Despite occurring in three independent biological settings, EMT signaling shares some molecular mechanisms that allow epithelial cells to de-differentiate and acquire mesenchymal characteristics that confer cells invasive and migratory capacity to distant sites. Here we summarize the molecular mechanism that delineates EMT and we will focus on the role of E2 promoter binding factors (E2Fs) in EMT during tumor progression. Since the E2Fs are presently undruggable due to their control in numerous pivotal cellular functions and due to the lack of selectivity against individual E2Fs, we will also discuss the role of three mitotic regulators and/or mitotic kinases controlled by the E2Fs (NEK2, Mps1/TTK, and SGO1) in EMT that can be useful as drug targets.Impact statementThe study of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an active area of research since it is one of the early intermediates to invasion and metastasis—a state of the cancer cells that ultimately kills many cancer patients. We will present in this review that besides their canonical roles as regulators of proliferation, unregulated expression of the E2F transcription factors may contribute to cancer initiation and progression to metastasis by signaling centrosome amplification, chromosome instability, and EMT. Since our discovery that the E2F activators control centrosome amplification and mitosis in cancer cells, we have identified centrosome and mitotic regulators that may represent actionable targets against EMT and metastasis in cancer cells. This is impactful to all of the cancer patients in which the Cdk/Rb/E2F pathway is deregulated, which has been estimated to be most cancer patients with solid tumors.
Cognitive behavioural therapy significantly reduces anxiety in patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillator compared with usual care: Findings from the Screen-ICD randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berg Selina K , Rasmussen Trine B , Herning Margrethe , Svendsen Jesper H , Christensen Anne V , Thygesen Lau C 
Published: October 2019

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention provided by trained cardiac nurses plus usual care compared with usual care alone in patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator who, prior to randomization, had presented with symptoms of anxiety measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.BackgroundAround 20–25% of all patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator experience anxiety. Among these patients anxiety is associated with mortality, presumably explained by risk behaviour and activation of the autonomic nervous system. We hypothesised that cognitive behavioural therapy provided by cardiac nurses in an out-patient setting would be an effective treatment of anxiety.MethodsThis was an investigator-initiated randomised clinical superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment, with 1:1 randomisation to cognitive behavioural therapy plus usual care or to usual care. The primary outcome was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety mean score at 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes included Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression, Becks Anxiety Inventory, HeartQoL and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Primary outcome analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle.ResultsA total of 88 participants were included, 66% men, mean age 64.3 years and 61% had primary indication implantable cardioverter defibrillator. A significant difference after 16 weeks was found between groups: intervention group (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-A mean (standard deviation) 4.95 points (3.30) versus usual care group 8.98 points (4.03) ( p < 0.0001)). Cohen's d was –0.86, indicating a strong clinical effect. The effect was supported by secondary outcomes.ConclusionCognitive behavioural therapy provided by cardiac nurses to patients with a positive screening for anxiety had a statistically and clinically significant effect on anxiety compared with patients not receiving cognitive behavioural therapy.