bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable acceleration of a LHe-Free Nb3Sn demo SRF e-linac
Authors: Yang Ziqin , He Yuan , Jiang Tiancai , Bai Feng , Wang Fengfeng , Jiang Guangze , Chu Yimeng , Li Hangxu , Chen Weilong , Zhao Bo , Xue Zongheng , Sun Guozhen , Zhang Shengxue , Xie Hongming , Zhao Yugang , Zhang Peng , Gao Zheng , Li Yaguang , Lu Shaohua , Xiong Pingran , Guo Hao , Liu Lubei , Zhou Yiheng , Cheng Yongqi , Lv Mingbang , Sun Liepeng , Huang Guirong , Wang Zhijun , Zhang Junhui , Huang Yuxuan , Xu Junkui , Zhu Tieming , Tao Yue , Chen Youxin , Zhao Jiang , Xu Mengxin , Tan Teng , Zhao Hongwei , Zhan Wenlong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The design, construction, and commissioning of a novel liquid helium-free (LHe-free) Nb3Sn superconducting radio frequency (SRF) electron accelerator at the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP, CAS) will be presented. A 650 MHz 5-cell elliptical cavity was coated using the tin vapor diffusion method for electron beam acceleration. The cavity was slowly cooled down across 18 K with the high-precision collaborative control of ten individual GM cryocoolers. This process was accompanied by the characteristic magnetic flux expulsion of Nb3Sn films. Horizontal tests of the LHe-free cryomodule show stable operation in both continuous wave (CW) and pulse modes, with maximum peak electric fields (E
pk) of 6.02 and 14.90 MV m−1, respectively. The Nb3Sn SRF electron accelerator achieved stable beam acceleration, reaching a maximum energy of 4.6 MeV with an average macropulse beam current exceeding 100 mA. Additionally, stable electron beam acceleration was achieved for the first time at a cavity temperature of 10 K. This pioneering achievement demonstrates a principal validation for the feasibility of applying Nb3Sn thin film SRF cavities in both large-scale scientific facilities and compact industrial accelerators. It also opens up possibilities for further upgrades in operating temperature, cooling methods, and refrigeration equipment for SRF accelerators.
A case for gross electricity producing compact fusion pilot plants
Authors: Maya P.N. , Deshpande S.P. , Prajapati P. , Sharma P.K. , Ghate M. , Danani C. , Mehta V. , Swami H.L. , Prasad U. , Chaudhuri P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A case for compact gross electricity producing pilot plant is presented. The feasibility of such a plant with a moderate fusion power that is capable of delivering gross electricity to the grid is investigated. The physics and engineering considerations of such power plants are elucidated. We show that for a fusion power of about 300 MW with fusion gain of 5, a moderate plasma β with improved confinement regime is required to prevent excessive transport power loss. The sensitivity analysis indicates a wide enough parameter range where, the fusion power and fusion gain can meet their target values. The constraints arising from the shielding, magnets and maintenance are discussed. The feasibility of steady-state gross electricity production of 160 MW is discussed using a helium-cooled solid breeder blanket with an intermediate energy storage system. It is argued that such a plant has all key technical elements of DEMO, albeit at a smaller scale, thereby providing strong technical basis for DEMO.
Compression failure and energy absorption characterization of mortise and tenon modular cellular structures
Authors: Li Wangfei , Deng Qingtian , Li Xinbo , Jia Jia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on the modular structure, effects of different module filling methods and dovetail geometry parameters of module connection on the failure modes and energy absorption characteristics of the overall structure are investigated under uniaxial compressive loading. The results show that when the model filling modes are hexagonal and auxetic cell elements filling, the upper-left, lower-middle, and upper-right parts start deforming first, and the connecting parts are all subjected to shear failures. When the overall filling mode is half-filling, the growth rate of the force-displacement curve is more stable, and the efficiency of the compression force is larger. Energy absorption is better when the overall filling pattern of the model is hexagonal unit element filling. The efficiency of the compression force can be improved when the angle α of the connection part is 60° and the width of the connection part is 12 mm. The energy absorption effect can also be improved when the angle α of the connecting part is 65°.
Intelligent fuzzy-PSO based grid connected solar EV charging station for electric buses to enhance stability and energy management
Authors: Phutane Pravin S , Jhala Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Modern power networks are relying more and more on Distributed Generation (DG) and solar energy-powered Electric Bus (EB) charging stations; nevertheless, controlling the charging process under situations of peak EB load and variable solar irradiation presents considerable hurdles. This study presents a coordinated control approach that maximizes energy distribution for solar (PV)-based EB charging stations by using an intelligent energy management system (IEMS). Through the analysis of load demand and meteorological data in real time, the IEMS optimizes PV generation and grid power consumption, thereby halving peak power demand, minimizing system losses, and easing distribution grid stress. In order to enable dynamic modifications to the energy flow between PV power, the grid, and battery storage, the method integrates an adaptive neuro-based fuzzy control system that anticipates solar energy generation and predicts EB load demands. Furthermore, to balance power distribution between battery and ultracapacitor systems and control energy storage in ultracapacitors, a fuzzy inference system optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is utilized. This prolongs battery life and guarantees effective energy management. The overall performance of the IEMS is improved by the fuzzy logic controller, which produces output signals that specify the best power distribution for any energy storage system. Digital simulations and a real-time hardware-in-loop experimental setup are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, which shows notable gains in energy management, grid stability, and system efficiency. In order to improve intelligent energy management in grid-connected solar-powered systems, this study offers a viable method for incorporating renewable energy sources into EB charging stations.
Collaborating With Jails to Provide Community-based Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: Qualitative Perspectives From MOUD Treatment Providers
Authors: Pivovarova Ekaterina , Planas Garcia Bianca Y. , Friedmann Peter D. , Stopka Thomas J. , Santelices Claudia , Evans Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
As carceral settings increasingly offer medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD), community-based providers will need to navigate relationships with correctional agencies to ensure continuity of MOUD upon release. Although collaboration has been identified as critical between agencies, limited research is available that details how providers can work with jails. We describe the perspectives of MOUD providers about their experiences collaborating with jails that had recently begun to offer MOUD.

Methods
We conducted hour-long interviews with 36 MOUD providers from 18 community-based agencies. Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) concepts informed data collection and analysis.

Results
MOUD providers described agency-specific (inner context) factors that facilitated collaboration, including staffing (employing staff with knowledge of co-occurring conditions) and agency culture (adaptability to change, recognition of gaps in services, being judgment-free). Providers also reported external factors as facilitators, such as broad community support of MOUD services and provision of training about MOUD to jail staff. Holding regular meetings, with a dedicated contact person, helped to overcome communication problems. However, the fragmentation of in-jail treatment services, exacerbated by jails’ contracting with different healthcare providers, made it difficult to coordinate re-entry and establish agency relationships. Actively and intentionally building interagency partnerships and collaborating across interagency cultural and structural differences were bridging factors that developed and sustained collaborations.

Conclusions
Our findings offer promising suggestions for establishing collaborations with carceral partners, including assessing internal agency conditions, seeking external community supports, committing to actively engaging and sustaining collaborations, and using interagency differences to develop mutually beneficial relationships.
False-Positive Phosphatidylethanol Results Due to Blood Transfusion and Implications in the Process of Liver Transplantation Selection
Authors: Wang Jessica A.S. , Cruz Cruz Giovani V. , Shetty Akshay , Esquivel Darlene , Saab Sammy , Shoptaw Steven , Meza Julio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) testing is becoming increasingly common as a tool to assess for alcohol consumption in the practice of addiction medicine. Its potential to be an objective measure of ethanol exposure is appealing; however, the field has yet to develop a complete understanding of the factors that can influence a PEth level. Here we describe 3 patient cases in which blood transfusion within the preceding 28 days was the reason that PEth studies were positive in patients undergoing liver transplant evaluation. These patients all had in-depth evaluations by physicians on an addiction medicine consult service and were believed abstinent from alcohol. In the field of liver transplant, even a mildly elevated PEth level can result in listing delay or even liver transplant candidacy denial. Further study is needed to understand how PEth is impacted by medical procedures and events such as blood transfusion if we are to maintain a just and ethical practice in the setting of addiction and transplant medicine.
Characteristics of Young Children Associated with Diagnostic Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: A DBPNet Study
Authors: Fussell Jill J. , Stein Ruth E. K. , Friedman Sandra , Hansen Robin , Roizen Nancy , Sideridis Georgios , Vanderbilt Douglas , Barbaresi William 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of children for whom a developmental-behavioral pediatrician's (DBP) diagnostic impressions of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or non-ASD were changed by Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) results.

Method:
A prospective study of children 1½ to <6 years consecutively referred to 8 sites for possible ASD. Cognitive/developmental, language, and adaptive testing varied, as each site followed its usual clinical approach. DBPs documented diagnosis as ASD or non-ASD and their degree of diagnostic certainty (1–10) pre- and post-ADOS. Cases where DBP diagnostic impression did not change after ADOS administration (“Stable Group,” n = 314) were compared with those for whom it did change (“Changed Group,” n = 35), followed by matched random sample comparisons.

Results:
There were no significant differences in child characteristics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, insurance, caregiver education) between the Stable and Changed groups. DBPs' diagnostic certainty was significantly lower, both pre- and post-ADOS, in the Changed versus Stable group. Change was associated with milder symptoms of ASD and less impaired language. In an age- and gender-matched comparison, significant differences remained for diagnostic certainty and severity of social communication impairments. Cognitive scores were significantly higher in the Changed Group. Because of significantly higher caregiver education and a trend toward more privately insured children among the Changed Group, samples (n = 35 each) were then matched on those characteristics, revealing the same differences for diagnostic certainty, severity of ASD symptoms, and language skills.

Conclusion:
Young children with milder ASD symptoms and less impaired language may benefit most from the administration of the ADOS.
Blocking interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) signaling in hepatocytes slows down diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumor growth in obese mice
Authors: Gehrke Nadine , Hofmann Lea J. , Straub Beate K. , Ridder Dirk A. , Waisman Ari , Kaps Leonard , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
An increasing number of HCC develops in the context of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its inflammatory form, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis, even in the absence of cirrhosis. Chronic metabolic inflammation is the driving force of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease progression and a key factor in hepatocarcinogenesis. Given the prominent role of IL-1 signaling in inflammation and metabolic diseases, we investigated the relevance of the hepatocyte-specific IL-1 receptor type 1 knockout in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis–related noncirrhotic HCC.

Methods:
For HCC induction, Il1r1
Hep−/− mice received a single i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine at 2 weeks and were fed with high-fat plus high-carbohydrate diet, starting from 4 weeks. After 18 weeks of diet intervention, mice were sacrificed, and macroscopic and microscopic tumor loads were assessed.

Results:
Knockout of the hepatic IL-1 receptor type 1 pathway significantly reduced liver tumor growth. Il1r1
Hep−/− mice were also less susceptible to hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and associated hepatic c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation than their wild-type (WT) littermates. Reduced Ki-67 and cyclin D1 levels, as well as decreased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, occur in Il1r1
Hep−/− livers, lowering cancer cell proliferation and growth. Additionally, in Il1r1
Hep−/− livers, the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1/2-driven accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD8+ T-cell infiltration were reduced compared to the wild type.

Conclusions:
Metabolic inflammation mediated by the hepatocytic IL-1 receptor type 1 is a cofactor in mutagenic hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting IL-1 signaling could be an adjunct strategy to the current immunomodulatory HCC treatments.
Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain shares a highly heritable latent pathway with atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness
Authors: Naeini Maryam Kazemi , Cecelja Marina , Freidin Maxim B. , Smith Isabelle Granville , Hysi Pirro , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Williams Frances M. K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is prevalent and associated with reduced life expectancy. Cardiovascular disease is one possible mechanism for this. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of CWP with arterial stiffness and carotid plaque measured using ultrasound to determine if shared environmental or genetic factors might account for any observed association. Around 3000 participants from the TwinsUK with CWP information and measures of carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), and plaque were considered. The relationship between CWP and cfPWV, cIMT, and plaque was determined. UK Biobank data were used to replicate the association. Cholesky decomposition and multivariate pathway twin models were examined. Using a 2-sample Mendelian randomisation approach, the causal association between CWP and coronary artery disease was assessed. TwinsUK participants demonstrated a significant association between CWP and increased cfPWV consistent with arterial stiffening (OR = 1.35, P-value = 0.012), as well as the presence of carotid plaque (OR = 1.45, P-value = 0.8e-5). The twin modelling showed a common latent component and pathway underlying CWP, cfPWV, and carotid plaque, with genetic factors accounting for 68% and 90% of the latent factor variation, respectively. The 2-sample MR revealed a potential causal association between CWP and coronary artery disease. This study found that those with CWP have increased the risk of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis and suggests that CWP leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease through genetic factors.
Broad-Spectrum Micronutrients or Antidepressants for Antenatal Depression
Authors: Heaton Jessica L. , Campbell Siobhan A. , Bradley Hayley A. , Mulder Roger T. , Dixon Lesley , Henderson Jacki , Rucklidge Julia J. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose/Background
One-fifth of women experience antenatal depression. Untreated antenatal depression is associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study investigated the effect of broad-spectrum micronutrients (BSM; vitamins and minerals), used to treat antenatal depression (NUTRIMUM trial), on birth outcomes.

Methods/Procedures
Birth outcomes of 129 mother-infant pairs were obtained from hospital medical records or personal health records for home births. Pairs from NUTRIMUM exposed to ≥8 weeks of BSM antenatally (MN; n = 55) were compared to pairs exposed to antidepressants antenatally (MED; n = 20) and a reference group (REF; n = 54) of pairs not exposed to trial BSM or antidepressants.

Findings/Results
Groups were comparable on demographic variables. At study entry, MN and MED had depression scores in the moderate range, statistically higher than REF (nonclinical range). MN and REF did not differ significantly for gestational age, preterm births, infant size, or infant resuscitation. There were significantly lower rates of postpartum hemorrhage in MN relative to REF (7.7% vs 30%; RR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.08–0.84]). Gestational age at birth was higher for MN (39.5 weeks) than MED (38.5 weeks; d = 0.67, 95% CI [0.15–1.20], P = 0.03) as well as infant birth length (52.2 vs 50.0 cm; d = 0.77, 95% CI [0.21–1.33], P = 0.02), and rates of infant resuscitation were lower (14.5% vs 45%; RR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.15–0.73]). Days of BSM exposure was positively associated with birth weight (r = 0.32, P = 0.008) and length (r = 0.25, P = 0.04).

Implications/Conclusions
Micronutrients used to alleviate antenatal depression may mitigate negative effects of depression on birth outcomes and showed more favorable birth outcomes compared with antidepressants.
Medical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Celiac Disease
Authors: Aly Mohamed , Liu Benjamin D. , Song Gengqing 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and celiac disease are both chronic T helper cell-mediated inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract. Although an association between these two conditions has been suggested, it has not been well characterized in a real-world setting.

Goals:
Our objective was to better examine the association between celiac disease and EoE using a real-world population database.

Study:
This was a retrospective cohort study of data using TriNetX, a global population database, to identify patient records using International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10) codes. We organized participants into six distinct cohorts predicated on age and diagnoses of celiac disease and EoE between April 28, 2003, and April 28, 2023. Patient demographics, prevalence, incidence, and medical characteristics of each cohort were extracted.

Results:
Among 46,398 patients with EoE and 84,383 patients with celiac disease, individuals with EoE demonstrated a higher prevalence (2.76%) and incidence (329/100,000 persons/year) of celiac disease compared with those without EoE (0.21% prevalence and 146/100,000 incidence, between 2021 and 2023). A concurrent diagnosis of both conditions increased the risk of asthma (RR: 2.00 pediatric, 1.82 adult), allergic rhinitis (RR: 2.35 pediatric, 1.81 adult), atopic dermatitis (RR: 3.28 pediatric, 2.07 adult), and rheumatoid arthritis (RR: 3.53 pediatric, 1.41 adult). In addition, patients with celiac disease with EoE exhibited a heightened risk for iron deficiency anemia (aHR 1.789; 95% CI: 1.166 to 2.745).

Conclusions:
Both the incidence and prevalence of EoE are elevated in patients with celiac disease and vice versa. These concurrent diagnoses affect disease characteristics and heighten the risk of complications in celiac disease.
The impact of climate change on respiratory health: current understanding and knowledge gaps
Authors: Joshi Manish , Joshi Anita , Bartter Thaddeus 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
To present an overview of the impact of climate change upon human respiratory health.

Recent findings
Climate change is directly impacting air quality. Particulate matter clearly increases mortality rates. Ozone, a longstanding suspect in climate-related injury, turns out not to have the major impact that had been projected at current levels of exposure. The key factors in global warming have been clearly identified, but while these factors collectively cause deleterious changes, a close look at the literature shows that it is unclear to what extent each factor individually is a driver of a specific process. This article summarizes some of those studies.

Summary
A better understanding of which components of climate change most impact human health is needed in order to re-define environmental standards. PM2.5 needs to be broken down by chemical composition to study the differential impacts of different sources of PM2.5. The detection and study of climate-related changes in respiratory infectious diseases is in a state of relative infancy.
Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to alcohol use, 1990–2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Authors: Wang Qihong , Jia Wen , Liu Jiao , Zhao Qian , Yang Zhuo 
Published: December 2024

Background
Liver cancer is a major global health burden, with alcohol use being a well-established risk factor. This study aims to analyze the global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to liver cancer due to alcohol use from 1990 to 2021.

Methods
Data on liver cancer due to alcohol use were collected from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The changing trend of liver cancer among alcohol users was described using the linear regression model. In addition, we employed a hierarchical cluster analysis to study the evolving patterns across diverse GBD regions and conducted a frontier analysis to explore the nexus between the burden and sociodemographic progress.

Results
In 2021, alcohol-related liver cancer globally accounted for 99 544 incidence cases, 132 033 prevalence cases, 92 228 death cases, and 2 316 027 DALYs cases. Males and middle-aged adults emerged as high-risk populations, while regions with a higher sociodemographic index (SDI) were identified as high-risk areas. From 1990 to 2021, both the number of cases and age-standardized rates (ASRs) increased. Our frontier analysis revealed unattained health gains between 1990 and 2021, highlighting disparities in disease burden among countries with varying SDI levels. This analysis further demonstrated an inverse correlation between SDI and alcohol-related liver cancer ASRs, with the ASRs stabilizing once the SDI exceeded 0.40.

Conclusion
Alcohol use is a significant contributor to the global burden of liver cancer. Comprehensive policies and interventions targeting alcohol use are needed to reduce the burden of alcohol-related liver cancer.