bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia Management of Prolonged Surgery with Duration of 15 Hours for Correction of Post Koch's Kyphosis
Authors: Sreeram V , Waghalkar Pallavi , Atul W , Sarje Digambar 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Anesthetic management of post koch's kyphosis correction of 48 yr old female is discussed. The patient was under anesthesia for long duration of 15 hours which also included Wake up test. After surgery 3 months later patient went home walking. It is emphasized that with good team work between orthopedician, anesthesiologist, chest physician and nursing staff will make it possible to produce excellent outcome in these cases.

How to cite this article
Sreeram V, Waghalkar P, Atul W, Sarje D. Anesthesia Management of Prolonged Surgery with Duration of 15 Hours for Correction of Post Koch's Kyphosis. Res Inno in Anesth 2016;1(2):73-75.
Observations and hypotheses related to low to middle free tropospheric aerosol, water vapor and altocumulus cloud layers within convective weather regimes: a SEAC4RS case study
Authors: Reid Jeffrey S. , Posselt Derek J. , Kaku Kathleen , Holz Robert A. , Chen Gao , Eloranta Edwin W. , Kuehn Ralph E. , Woods Sarah , Zhang Jianglong , Anderson Bruce , Bui T. Paul , Diskin Glenn S. , Minnis Patrick , Newchurch Michael J. , Tanelli Simone , Trepte Charles R. , Thornhill K. Lee , Ziemba Luke D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The NASA Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) project included goals related
to aerosol particle life cycle in convective regimes. Using the University of
Wisconsin High Spectral Resolution Lidar system at Huntsville, Alabama, USA, and the NASA DC-8 research aircraft, we investigate the altitude dependence
of aerosol, water vapor and Altocumulus (Ac) properties in the free
troposphere from a canonical 12 August 2013 convective storm case as a
segue to a presentation of a mission-wide analysis. It stands to reason that
any moisture detrainment from convection must have an associated aerosol
layer. Modes of covariability between aerosol, water vapor and Ac are
examined relative to the boundary layer entrainment zone, 0 ∘C level,
and anvil, a region known to contain Ac clouds and a complex aerosol
layering structure (Reid et al., 2017). Multiple aerosol layers in regions
warmer than 0 ∘C were observed within the planetary boundary layer entrainment zone. At
0 ∘C there is a proclivity for aerosol and water vapor detrainment from
storms, in association with melting level Ac shelves. Finally, at
temperatures colder than 0 ∘C, weak aerosol layers were identified above Cumulus congestus tops (∼0 and ∼-20 ∘C). Stronger aerosol signals return in association with anvil
outflow. In situ data suggest that detraining particles undergo aqueous-phase or heterogeneous chemical or microphysical transformations, while at
the same time larger particles are being scavenged at higher altitudes
leading to enhanced nucleation. We conclude by discussing hypotheses
regarding links to aerosol emissions and potential indirect effects on Ac
clouds.
Scalability and some optimization of the Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2)
Authors: Koldunov Nikolay V. , Aizinger Vadym , Rakowsky Natalja , Scholz Patrick , Sidorenko Dmitry , Danilov Sergey , Jung Thomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A study of the scalability of the Finite-volumE Sea ice–Ocean circulation Model, Version 2.0 (FESOM2), the first mature global model of its kind formulated on unstructured meshes, is presented. This study includes an analysis of the main computational kernels with a special focus on bottlenecks in parallel scalability. Several model enhancements improving this scalability for large numbers of processes are described and tested. Model grids at different resolutions are used on four high-performance computing (HPC) systems with differing computational and communication hardware to demonstrate the model's scalability and throughput. Furthermore, strategies for improvements in parallel performance are presented and assessed. We show that, in terms of throughput, FESOM2 is on a par with state-of-the-art structured ocean models and, in a realistic eddy-resolving configuration (1/10∘ resolution), can achieve about 16 years per day on 14 000 cores. This suggests that unstructured-mesh models are becoming very competitive tools in high-resolution climate modeling. We show that the main bottlenecks of FESOM2 parallel scalability are the two-dimensional components of the model, namely the computations of the external (barotropic) mode and the sea-ice model. It is argued that these bottlenecks are shared with other general ocean circulation models.
Modeling active fault systems and seismic events by using a fiber bundle model – example case: the Northridge aftershock sequence
Authors: Monterrubio-Velasco Marisol , Zúñiga F. Ramón , Carrasco-Jiménez José Carlos , Márquez-Ramírez Víctor , de la Puente Josep 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Earthquake aftershocks display spatiotemporal correlations arising from their self-organized critical behavior. Dynamic deterministic modeling of aftershock series is challenging to carry out due to both the physical complexity and uncertainties related to the different parameters which govern the system. Nevertheless, numerical simulations with the help of stochastic models such as the fiber bundle model (FBM) allow the use of an analog of the physical model that produces a statistical behavior with many similarities to real series. FBMs are simple discrete element models that can be characterized by using few parameters.
In this work, the aim is to present a new model based on FBM that includes geometrical characteristics of fault systems. In our model, the faults are not described with typical geometric measures such as dip, strike, and slip, but they are incorporated as weak regions in the model domain that could increase the likelihood to generate earthquakes. In order to analyze the sensitivity of the model to input parameters, a parametric study is carried out. Our analysis focuses on aftershock statistics in space, time, and magnitude domains. Moreover, we analyzed the synthetic aftershock sequences properties assuming initial load configurations and suitable conditions to propagate the rupture. As an example case, we have modeled a set of real active faults related to the Northridge, California, earthquake sequence. We compare the simulation results to statistical characteristics from the Northridge sequence determining which range of parameters in our FBM version reproduces the main features observed in real aftershock series.
From the results obtained, we observe that two parameters related to the initial load configuration are determinant in obtaining realistic seismicity characteristics: (1) parameter P, which represents the initial probability order, and (2) parameter π, which is the percentage of load distributed to the neighboring cells.
The results show that in order to reproduce statistical characteristics of the real sequence, larger πfrac values (0.85<πfrac<0.95) and very low values of P (0.0<P≤0.08) are needed. This implies the important corollary that a very small departure from an initial random load configuration (computed by P), and also a large difference between the load transfer from on-fault segments than by off-faults (computed by πfrac), is required to initiate a rupture sequence which conforms to observed statistical properties such as the Gutenberg–Richter law, Omori law, and fractal dimension.
Sensitivity analysis of the effect of wind characteristics and turbine properties on wind turbine loads
Authors: Robertson Amy N. , Shaler Kelsey , Sethuraman Latha , Jonkman Jason 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Proper wind turbine design relies on the ability to accurately
predict ultimate and fatigue loads of turbines. The load analysis
process requires precise knowledge of the expected wind-inflow conditions as well as
turbine structural and aerodynamic properties. However, uncertainty in most
parameters is inevitable. It is therefore important to understand the impact
such uncertainties have on the resulting loads. The goal of this work is to
assess which input parameters have the greatest influence on turbine power,
fatigue loads, and ultimate loads during normal turbine operation. An
elementary effects sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most
sensitive parameters. Separate case studies are performed on (1) wind-inflow
conditions and (2) turbine structural and aerodynamic properties, both
cases using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW baseline wind
turbine. The Veers model was used to generate synthetic International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Kaimal turbulence spectrum inflow. The focus is
on individual parameter sensitivity, though interactions between parameters
are considered. The results of this work show that for wind-inflow conditions, turbulence in the primary wind direction and shear are the most sensitive parameters for turbine loads, which is expected. Secondary parameters of importance are identified as veer, u-direction integral length, and u components of the IEC coherence model, as well as the exponent. For the turbine properties, the most sensitive parameters are yaw misalignment and outboard lift coefficient distribution; secondary parameters of importance are inboard lift distribution, blade-twist distribution, and blade mass imbalance. This
information can be used to help establish uncertainty bars around the predictions
of engineering models during validation efforts, and provide insight to
probabilistic design methods and site-suitability analyses.
The Abolitionist Cause in Britain and in France (1787-1790): A Case of Counter-Productive Transposition ?
Authors: Palma Hélène 
Published: September 2019

This article observes how the British Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade founded in 1787 in London tried to influence the activities of its French counterpart, La Société des Amis des Noirs, in the years 1787 to 1790. This transfer of ideas from Britain to France, through the actions of Brissot and Clarkson mainly, did not, as we shall see, really prove fruitful.
Introductie bij het themanummer: een drieluik van groeiende woonongelijkheid
Authors: Hochstenbach Cody , Verloo Nanke 
Published: September 2019

Introduction to the special issue: three acts of increasing housing inequality
Access to affordable, decent and secure housing is under increasing pressure in countries across the world, especially in burgeoning cities. This results in displacement, exclusion and increasing housing cost burdens. This theme issue consists of a collection of papers that approach inequality on urban housing markets from different angles. In this introduction to the special issue, we provide a framework to understand these various dimensions of inequality and their interconnectedness. We identify three scales of inequality: First, at the abstract level of housing systems, market developments and housing policies contribute to increasing housing costs and a reduction in affordable housing units. Second, at the urban level we identify increasing spatial segregation between populations as well as the intertwined trends of intensifying gentrification and suburbanization of poverty. Third, at the everyday level we can identify a loss of belonging among long-term residents of changing (gentrifying) neighbourhoods, while other residents may appreciate change. This also fosters the potential for conflict and poses new challenges to professionals dealing with families in situations of poverty. We argue that emerging inequalities at these different scales need to be considered as interconnected.
Allergic rhinitis, rather than asthma, might be associated with dental caries, periodontitis, and other oral diseases in adults
Authors: Ho Sai-Wai , Lue Ko-Huang , Ku Min-Sho 
Published: September 2019

Background
The association between asthma (AS), allergic rhinitis (AR) and oral diseases remains inconclusive in adults. AS and AR often coexist. However, studies that investigate AS, AR together and their association with oral diseases are scarce.

Methods
Data from 22,898 men and 28,541 women, aged 21 to 25 years, were collected from a national database in Taiwan. Five common oral diseases: dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, gingivitis, and stomatitis/aphthae were studied. Differences in the incidence of the five oral diseases in AR vs. non-AR, and AS vs. non-AS groups were compared. The incidence of the five oral diseases in men/ women, urban/country citizen, and high/low income groups was studied. The frequencies of clinical visits and impact of topical steroid use between the groups were also studied. The confounding factors included sex, socioeconomic status, urbanization, dentofacial anomalies, disease of salivary flow, diabetes mellitus, and esophageal reflux.

Results
The incidence and the frequencies of clinical visits for all five oral diseases were higher in those with AR than in the non-AR group after adjusting for confounding factors and AS. Similar observation was made for the AS group, without adjusting for AR. However, if AR was included for adjustment, no relationship was found between AS and oral diseases. In the AR group, those with higher incomes, and country residents had a high risk of developing oral disease. Intranasal steroids, rather than inhaled steroids, were also associated with oral diseases.

Conclusion
AR, rather than AS, may be associated with oral diseases in young adults.
Diarrhoea and Comorbidities Seen at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Ide Lucy E. Yaguo , Alex-Hart Balafama A. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Diarrhoea illnesses continue to cause major sickness and death in children in developing countries. They often occur simultaneously in association with other illnesses as comorbidities, especially in children under five years of age. There is a dearth of literature on these comorbidities.
Objective: To evaluate the pattern of diarrhoea and associated comorbidities in children with diarrhoea diseases at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between January 2011 to December 2014. The case notes of all children with diarrhoea who presented to the Diarrhoea Training Unit (DTU) and children’s emergency ward were retrieved and studied. Information sought included the biodata, type of diarrhoea, presence and level of dehydration, year and month of presentation, outcome of illness and comorbidities.
Results: There were 394 subjects, males were 215(54.6%), females 179(45.4%). Their ages ranged from 1 month to 168 months, mean age 17.1±2.8 months. Acute watery diarrhoea was the most common type 321 (81.47%), followed by dysentery 47 (11.93%). Two hundred and thirty nine (60.7%) patients had no dehydration, 37 (9.46%) mild dehydration, 107 (27.2%) moderate dehydration and 11 (2.8%) severe dehydration. Malaria was the most common comorbidity 66 (16.8%), followed by tonsillitis 65(16%) and pneumonia 45 (11.4%). Two hundred and eighteen (55.3%) were discharged following treatment and 14 (3.6%) died.
Conclusion: The commonest type of diarrhoea found was acute watery diarrhoea and malaria was the most frequent comorbidity found.
The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Paraoxanase - 1 Activity and DNA Damage in Acute Exercise
Authors: Kara Ersan , Çoban Funda Karabağ , Akıl Mustafa , Liman Recep , Ciğerci İbrahim Hakkı 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between exhaustive and intensive exercise with changes in paraoxonase-1 enzyme activity, oxidative DNA damage and the role of ellagic acid against possible damage.
The study was carried out on 32 male and adult Spraque - Dawley rats at the Experimental Animal Research and Research Center of Afyon Kocatepe University. The experimental animals were equally divided into four groups. Swimming exercises were performed as acute exercises for once and experimental animals are made to swim in groups including two rats following the completion of the study and before the decapitation.
At the end of the experiment, obtained blood samples; Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-HydroxyGuanine (8-OhdG) levels were measured to determine DNA damage and DNA damage was assessed by Comet Assay method.
As a result, PON-1 levels in rats with intense swimming training were found to be significantly lower (p <0.05) than the control group. MDA and (8-OhdG) levels were significantly higher in the swimming group than in the control group (p <0.05). As to the DNA damage determination by COMET analysis, DNA damage was observed in the swimming groups according to the control groups. When the ellagic acid groups were compared with the swimming groups, there was a significant increase in PON-1 levels, and the levels of MDA and (8-OhdG) were significantly lower than the swimming groups. The DNA damage was also found to be low in these groups.
Biophysical characterization and modulation of Transthyretin Ala97Ser
Authors: Liu Yo‐Tsen , Yen Yueh‐Jung , Ricardo Frans , Chang Yu , Wu Pei‐Hao , Huang Shing‐Jong , Lin Kon‐Ping , Yu Tsyr‐Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveAla97Ser (A97S) is the major transthyretin (TTR) mutation in Taiwanese patients of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), characterized by a late‐onset but rapidly deteriorated neuropathy. Tafamidis can restore the stability of some mutant TTR tetramers and slow down the progression of TTR‐FAP. However, there is little understanding of the biophysical features of A97S‐TTR mutant and the pharmacological modulation effect of tafamidis on it. This study aims to delineate the biophysical characteristics of A97S‐TTR and the pharmacological modulation effect of tafamidis on this mutant.MethodThe stability of TTR tetramers was assessed by urea denaturation and differential scanning calorimetry. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to measure the binding constant of tafamidis to TTR. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) titration experiment was used to map out the tafamidis binding site.ResultsChemical and thermal denaturation confirmed the destabilization effect of A97S. Consistent with other the amyloidogenic mutant, A97S‐TTR has slightly lower conformational stability. NMR revealed the binding site of A97S‐TTR with tafamidis is at the thyroxine binding pocket. The ITC experiments documented the high affinity of the binding which can effectively stabilize the A97S‐TTR tetramer.InterpretationThis study confirmed the structural modulation effect of tafamidis on A97S‐TTR and implied the potential therapeutic benefit of tafamidis for A97S TTR‐FAP. This approach can be applied to investigate the modulation effect of tafamidis on other rare TTR variants and help to make individualized choices of available treatments for FAP patients.
Tilted Chiral Liquid Crystal Gratings for Efficient Large‐Angle Diffraction
Authors: Nys Inge , Stebryte Migle , Ussembayev Yera Ye. , Beeckman Jeroen , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeflecting light with high efficiency over large angles with thin optical elements is challenging but offers tremendous potential for applications, such as wearable displays and optical communication systems. Compared to the complex production of metasurfaces, the self‐organization of liquid crystal (LC) superstructures provides an elegant and flexible way to produce high‐quality thin optical components. The periodically varying dielectric tensor in short‐pitch chiral LC gives rise to a photonic bandgap, which can be exploited to realize efficient diffractive mirrors in the visible wavelength range. However, large‐angle diffractive devices require a small in‐plane period, leading to complex self‐assembly behavior in the bulk. This work demonstrates that by patterning photoalignment layers at the surfaces with a period comparable to the chiral pitch, the LC self‐assembles into a tilted, defect‐free helical structure. The director configuration is calculated by finite element simulations and it is experimentally demonstrated that a single photoaligned substrate is sufficient to template the tilted chiral structure in the bulk. This structure effectively (88%) diffracts light over large angles (≈46°) and enables novel micrometer‐thin (≈3 µm) optical components that can be produced with an elegant manufacturing process. Due to flexibility of photoalignment, this process could easily be implemented in emerging photonic applications.
“Always on the go”: A qualitative study of the perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk among Latino cab drivers
Authors: Orleans Rachel , Boutin‐Foster Carla , Scott Ebony , Ramos Rosio , Faussett Zenobia , Lata Armijos Jorge D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe taxicab industry is a burgeoning occupation that predominantly employs immigrant males from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Factors such as sedentary nature, environmental factors, high stress coupled with socioeconomic factors may increase cardiovascular disease risk among taxicab drivers. Latinos, a growing immigrant population make up approximately 20% of this industry. However, few studies focus on their experiences as cab drivers or on the factors that may increase their cardiovascular risks.MethodsThis was an ethnographic qualitative study. Data was collected via individual interviews combined with Go‐Alongs. The Go‐Along is an observational qualitative method whereby researchers accompany participants during routine activities and make observations. Interviews and observations were transcribed and coded to identify emerging themes.ResultsThirty‐two Latino male cab drivers participated; their mean age was 45 + 12 years; 47% did not finish high school; and 63% earned $30 000 or less. Time and stress emerged as dominant themes. Time constraints posed a barrier to healthy eating and physical activity. Drivers reported stress from constantly worrying about their finances and personal safety. Drivers also described stress from the physical toll of driving on the body. Go‐Alongs supported these themes and identified social interactions and environmental factors that could be leveraged for health promotion.ConclusionsThis study provided an opportunity for cab drivers to describe their perspectives on reasons why their occupation was associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. The Go‐Alongs contributed to the understanding of the social and environmental context that characterized cardiovascular risks in this occupation.
Tuning of Sensitivity in Thermochromic Luminescence by Regulating Molecular Rotation Based on Triphenylamine‐Substituted o‐Carboranes
Authors: Nishino Kenta , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study shows tuning of sensitivity in thermochromic luminescence from triphenylamine‐substituted o‐carboranes by regulating rotation barriers with a substituent effect. A series of o‐carborane dyads with various numbers of methyl substituents were prepared, and their optical properties were compared. Initially, significant dual‐emission properties consistent of the locally excited (LE) state and the induced charge transfer (ICT) state were observed from the solid samples of all dyads. In particular, diverse responses were obtained by cooling from the dyads. The pristine and mono‐substituted dyads presented thermally independent emission during temperature changes, whereas the detected thermochromic luminescence with drastic color change from red to blue originated from the alteration of intensity ratios between LE and CT emission bands. From mechanistic studies (experimental and theoretical), it was clearly shown that the difference in the rotation barrier of the o‐carborane unit caused by the substituent effect should play a key role in variable sensitivity in luminescent chromic behaviors in temperature change.