bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugate mit Pyrrol‐basierten KSP‐Inhibitoren als Payload‐Klasse
Authors: Lerchen Hans‐Georg , Wittrock Sven , Stelte‐Ludwig Beatrix , Sommer Anette , Berndt Sandra , Griebenow Nils , Rebstock Anne‐Sophie , Johannes Sarah , Cancho‐Grande Yolanda , Mahlert Christoph , Greven Simone , Terjung Carsten 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTrotz der Vielfalt an zytotoxischen Wirkstoffklassen konnten bisher nur wenige erfolgreich in Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugaten (ADCs) eingesetzt werden. Um die Therapieoptionen und potenziell auch das therapeutische Fenster von ADCs zu erweitern, ist die Identifizierung von Payloads mit einem neuen Wirkmechanismus wichtig. Eine neue Payload‐Klasse in Form von Kinesin‐Spindelprotein‐Inhibitoren (KSPis) wurde entwickelt, die zu hochwirksamen ADCs gegen Targets wie HER‐2 oder TWEAKR/Fn14 führt. Die Optimierung umfasst die Identifizierung geeigneter Linker‐Anknüpfungsstellen im Wirkstoffmolekül, die Stabilisierung der Antikörperanbindung zur Vermeidung von Dekonjugation sowie ein maßgeschneidertes Design des Profils der aktiven Metaboliten, um eine langanhaltende Exposition in der Tumorzelle zu erreichen, so wie es der Wirkmechanismus der KSP‐Inhibition erfordert. Diese KSPi‐ADCs zeichnen sich durch eine hohe und selektive Wirksamkeit an diversen Tumormodellen in vitro und in vivo aus, die auch die komplette Remission eines von Patienten abgeleiteten Blasenkarzinommodells umfasst.
Immunaffine amperometrische Detektion bakterieller Infektionen
Authors: Zhu Yingdi , Jović Milica , Lesch Andreas , Tissières Lovey Lysiane , Prudent Michel , Pick Horst , Girault Hubert H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImmunaffinitätsanreicherung und empfindliches amperometrisches Auslesen wurde in einer Point‐of‐Care‐Plattform zur Analyse bakterieller Infektionen kombiniert. Bakterielle Zellen wurden aus komplexen Matrices durch Immunaffinität selektiv eingefangen und angereichert und durch amperometrisches Untersuchen des Redoxzustands stoffwechselaktiver Indikatoren nachgewiesen. Die Identität der bakteriellen Spezies und die Zelllebensfähigkeit wurden so bestimmt. Die Methode wurde erfolgreich zur Diagnose bakterieller Infektionen verwendet, was die Untersuchung der Antibiotikasensibilität innerhalb von nur wenigen Stunden Gesamtarbeitszeit mit einschloss.
Ex Situ Formation of Methanethiol: Application in the Gold(I)‐Promoted Anti‐Markovnikov Hydrothiolation of Olefins
Authors: Kristensen Steffan K. , Laursen Simon L. R. , Taarning Esben , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA protocol for the Au‐promoted anti‐Markovnikov hydrothiolation of olefins using ex situ generated methanethiol is reported. The use of S‐methylisothiourea hemisulfate salt as a solid precursor for methanethiol generation ensures a safe and reliable deliverance of a stoichiometric amount of this thiol. The procedure was shown to work for a broad range of olefins providing the corresponding hydrothiolated adduct in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic evaluations suggest that thiyl radicals are generated and that gold acts as an efficient but stable radical initiator.
Zirconium‐Assisted Activation of Palladium To Boost Syngas Production by Methane Dry Reforming
Authors: Köpfle Norbert , Götsch Thomas , Grünbacher Matthias , Carbonio Emilia A. , Hävecker Michael , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Schlicker Lukas , Doran Andrew , Kober Delf , Gurlo Aleksander , Penner Simon , Klötzer Bernhard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractC‐saturated Pd0 nanoparticles with an extended phase boundary to ZrO2 evolve from a Pd0Zr0 precatalyst under CH4 dry reforming conditions. This highly active catalyst state fosters bifunctional action: CO2 is efficiently activated at oxidic phase boundary sites and PdxC provides fast supply of C‐atoms toward the latter.
Crystal growth, structural and spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial activity, DNA cleavage, molecular docking and density functional theory calculations of Zn(II) complex with 2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid
Authors: Tamer Ömer , Avcı Davut , Çelikoğlu Emine , İdil Önder , Atalay Yusuf 
Published: September 2018

A Zn(II) complex with 2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid was prepared, and its crystal structure characterization was carried out using X‐ray diffraction analysis. The spectroscopic properties of the Zn(II) complex were determined by means of Fourier transform infrared, Raman and UV–visible spectroscopic techniques. The coordination sphere for the central Zn(II) ion was found to be a distorted octahedron. The C═O, C═C and C═N stretching vibrations were found highly active and strong, leading to intramolecular charge transfer within the Zn(II) complex. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to provide further understanding of structural, spectroscopic and nonlinear optical properties of the complex. The occurrence of hydrogen bonding interactions in the Zn(II) complex was explained by natural bond orbital analysis. According to obtained hyperconjugative interaction energies, metal–ligand charge transfer interactions occur in the Zn(II) complex. The antimicrobial activities were determined against standard Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains and yeasts using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Having a significant effect against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important in that the complex can be used as a new antifungal agent. The calculated free binding energy of the interaction of the Zn(II) complex with DNA was found to be 6.72 kcal mol−1, indicating a high binding affinity between the complex and DNA.
Vertane Chancen? Die aktuelle politische Debatte um Erweiterte DNA‐Analysen in Ermittlungsverfahren*
Authors: Lipphardt Veronika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWasted Chances? The Current Political Debate on DNA Phenotyping and Biogeographical Ancestry Analysis in Criminal Investigation in Germany. This paper discusses diverse understandings of ‘responsible science’ in heated political debates. It takes a current public debate around a German law amendment draft concerning the use of novel forensic genetic techniques, namely DNA‐phenotyping and biogeographical ancestry analysis, as an example. A distinction is being made between an understanding that emphasizes scientific debate and precision, and another one that focuses on political agency. The paper also addresses the question whether and how science studies scholars, given their depth of expertise in the analysis of complex problems spanning disciplinary boundaries, should contribute to national debates in policy fields where no such dialogue exists yet.
Development and validation of LC–MS/MS method for quantification of bictegravir in human plasma and its application to an intracellular uptake study
Authors: Prathipati Pavan Kumar , Mandal Subhra , Destache Christopher J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantification of bictegravir in human plasma. A small volume of only 50 μL aliquot of plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile containing an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex EVO C18 column, 50 × 3.0 mm, 5 μm using an isocratic mobile phase containing 80:20 acetonitrile–water with 0.1% formic acid. A mass spectrometer was operated in ESI positive multiple reaction monitoring mode using the m/z 450.1/289.1 for bictegravir and 420.1/277.1 for IS. The dynamic range of the method was 1–10,000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.9991. The precision results of calibration standards were in the range of 0.05–4.57% and accuracies were 95.07–104.70%. The mean extraction recovery was 98.64% with a precision of 2.91%. The method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and was found to be accurate and precise. The method was successfully applied to in vitro cellular uptake study.
Multi‐component profiles through the blood–brain barrier in rat after oral administration of over‐the‐counter drug Keke capsule by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐ time‐of‐flight MSE method
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Song Yonggui , Feng Bingwei , Zeng Qiang , Shan Baixi , Liu Kuangyi , Su Dan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKeke capsule as a traditional Chinese medicine formulation is used to relieve cough, for analgesia and to reduce bronchial asthma. The multi‐components are absorbed into the blood and brain after oral administration of Keke capsule, with no systematic investigation so far. A reliable and rapid UPLC–QTOF–MSE combined with a data processing software platform was used to characterize the components of Keke capsule and simultaneously identify bioactive components in blood and brain tissues in rat after oral administration. Consequently, a total of 41 components of Keke capsule, including alkaloids, flavone, flavonols, triterpene, lignanoid, organic acids, glycosides and coumarin were identified. Twenty‐one components were found in plasma, including 18 prototypes and three metabolites; 15 components were found in brain tissues, including 10 prototypes and five metabolites. Alkaloids and flavonoids in Keke capsule were the main components which were absorbed into blood. The main alkaloids of Keke capsule can pass through the blood–brain barrier and show different distribution tendencies in brain tissues. The main components of keke capsule was simultaneously analyzed by throughput analysis, and the corresponding bioactive components were examined by blood‐brain barrier in the rat after oral administration of the capsule.
Morphology‐Controlled Bi2O3 Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate
Authors: Miao Can‐Can , Yuan Gao‐Qing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, Bi2O3 electrocatalysts for the electroreduction of CO2 to formate were synthesized with different morphologies, including nanoparticles and thin nanorods. Comparatively, Bi2O3 nanoparticles have higher catalytic activity than Bi2O3 thin nanorods. The Faradaic efficiency of formate formation at a moderate potential of −1.2 vs. RHE in aqueous solution could reach 91 %. In addition, a maximum current density for formate production of up to 22 mA cm−2 was achieved, which is almost 3 times higher than that of Bi2O3 thin nanorods. In particular, the catalytic activity of the Bi2O3 nanoparticle catalyst was almost stable over a 23‐hour period of electrolysis, exhibiting its application prospect in the electroreduction of CO2 to formate.
Microporous Organically Pillared Layered Silicates (MOPS): A Versatile Class of Functional Porous Materials
Authors: Rieß Martin , Senker Jürgen , Schobert Rainer , Breu Josef 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe design of microporous hybrid materials, tailored for diverse applications, is a key to address our modern society's imperative of sustainable technologies. Prerequisites are flexible customization of host–guest interactions by incorporating various types of functionality and by adjusting the pore structure. On that score, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been the reference in the past decades. More recently, a new class of microporous hybrid materials emerged, microporous organically pillared layered silicates (MOPS). MOPS are synthesized by simple ion exchange of organic or metal complex cations in synthetic layered silicates. MOFs and MOPSs share the features of “component modularity” and “functional porosity”. While both, MOFs and MOPS maintain the intrinsic characteristics of their building blocks, new distinctive properties arise from their assemblage. MOPS are unique since allowing for simultaneous and continuous tuning of micropores in the sub‐Ångström range. Consequently, with MOPS the adsorbent recognition may be optimized without the need to explore different framework topologies. Similar to the third generation of MOFs (also termed soft porous crystals), MOPS are structurally ordered, permanently microporous solids that may also show a reversible structural flexibility above a distinct threshold pressure of certain adsorbents. This structural dynamism of MOPS can be utilized by meticulously adjusting the charge density of the silicate layers to the polarizability of the adsorbent leading to different gate opening mechanisms. The potential of MOPS is far from being fully explored. This Concept article highlights the main features of MOPS and illustrates promising directions for further research.
The Important Role of the Nuclearity, Rigidity, and Solubility of Phosphane Ligands in the Biological Activity of Gold(I) Complexes
Authors: Svahn Noora , Moro Artur J. , Roma‐Rodrigues Catarina , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Baptista Pedro V. , Fernandes Alexandra R. , Lima João Carlos , Rodríguez Laura 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Laura Rodríguez, Alexandra R. Fernandes, João Carlos Lima, Pedro V. Baptista, and Kari Rissanen at the Universitat de Barcelona, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, and University of Jyväskylä. The image depicts the direct effect of the phosphine on the different biological activity of Au(I) complexes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802547.
Intelligent use of fog devices in edge‐cloud paradigm to assist in E‐polling
Authors: Khalid Adnan , Shahbaz Muhammad , Khan Imran Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

SummaryInternet is playing a vital role in providing information to billions of people around the world. It is the fastest way to communicate information worldwide. Over the years, information technology has provided solutions to many problems in different domains of life. With the advent of cloud computing and the internet of things (IOT), most of these domains are now employing cloud networks to save resources and money. Cloud provides a platform to store and process information with minimal resources and investment. Due to the vast geographical distribution and large distances between the cloud networks and the end user nodes, transmission of data over cloud networks provides problems of latency and delay that can cause major hazards in applications that require real‐time processing. In order to analyze the issues related to slow/no response from Clouds, a case study based on a mock E‐poll held under the Election commission of Pakistan is analyzed, and a remedy to the latency experienced during the polling process has been suggested. It involves the use of the newly proposed Fog Computing Paradigm to allow fast processing of real‐time data. This paper provides a solution to latency issues in cloud networks by proposing an intelligent way of identifying which data can be processed on close‐proximity Fog networks and which can be sent to the cloud for bulk processing. The aim is to reduce the time consumed for real‐time processing over the traditional cloud setup.
Acceleration and energy consumption optimization in cascading classifiers for face detection on low‐cost ARM big. LITTLE asymmetric architectures
Authors: Corpas Alberto , Costero Luis , Botella Guillermo , Igual Francisco D. , García Carlos , Rodríguez Manuel 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper proposes a mechanism to accelerate and optimize the energy consumption of a face detection software based on Haar‐like cascading classifiers, taking advantage of the features of low‐cost asymmetric multicore processors (AMPs) with limited power budget. A modelling and task scheduling/allocation is proposed in order to efficiently make use of the existing features on big. LITTLE ARM processors, including (1) source‐code adaptation for parallel computing, which enables code acceleration by applying the OmpSs programming model, a task‐based programming model that handles data‐dependencies between tasks in a transparent fashion; (2) different OmpSs task allocation policies which take into account the processor asymmetry and can dynamically set processing resources in a more efficient way based on their particular features.The proposed mechanism can be efficiently applied to take advantage of the processing elements existing on low‐cost and low‐energy multi‐core embedded devices executing object detection algorithms based on cascading classifiers. Although these classifiers yield the best results for detection algorithms in the field of computer vision, their high computational requirements prevent them from being used on these devices under real‐time requirements. Finally, we compare the energy efficiency of a heterogeneous architecture based on AMPs with a suitable task scheduling with that of a homogeneous symmetric architecture.
ILC2: at home in the thymus
Authors: Cupedo Tom 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe relevance of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) for anti‐infectious immunity remains a matter of constant debate. At the same time, evidence for additional, non‐immune related functions of ILC is steadily increasing. In the thymus, non‐immune functions of ILC were shown for group 3 ILC (ILC3), which regulate differentiation and proliferation of thymic epithelial cells. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Withers and colleagues [Eur. J. Immunol. 2018. 48: 1481–1491] now show that ILC2, a subset of ILCs specialized in tissue protection and regeneration, are the major ILC subset in the adult thymus, heavily outnumbering ILC3. These findings raise novel questions on the function of thymic ILC, and warrant re‐evaluation of the importance of ILC2 and their cytokines during thymic function and repair.
Passive dosing yields dissolved aqueous exposures of crude oil comparable to the CROSERF (Chemical Response to Oil Spill: Ecological Effects Research Forum) water accommodated fraction method
Authors: Bera Gopal , Parkerton Thomas , Redman Aaron , Turner Nicholas R. , Renegar D. Abigail , Sericano Jose L. , Knap Anthony H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

The Chemical Response to Oil Spill: Ecological Effects Research Forum's water accommodated fraction procedure was compared with 2 alternative techniques in which crude oil was passively dosed from silicone tubing or O-rings. Fresh Macondo oil (MC252) was dosed at 30 mg/L using each approach to investigate oil dissolution kinetics, which was monitored by fluorometry as estimated oil equivalents (EOEs). Subsequent experiments with each dosing method were then conducted at multiple oil loadings. Following equilibration, test media were analytically characterized for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry and dissolved oil using biomimetic solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The results showed that equilibrium was achieved within 72 h for all methods. Measured PAH concentrations were compared with oil solubility model predictions of dissolved exposures. The concentration and composition of measured and predicted dissolved PAHs varied with oil loading and were consistent between dosing methods. Two-dimensional GC compositional data for this oil were then used to calculate dissolved toxic units for predicting MC252 oil acute toxicity across the expected range of species sensitivities. Predicted toxic units were nonlinear with loading and correlated to both EOE and biomimetic SPME. Passive dosing methods provide a practical strategy to deliver and maintain dissolved oil concentrations while avoiding the complicating role that droplets can introduce in exposure characterization and test interpretation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2810–2819. © 2018 SETAC
Power transitions in the host country and the survival of subsidiaries in infrastructure industries
Authors: Fernández‐Méndez Laura , García‐Canal Esteban , Guillén Mauro F. 
Published: September 2018

Research SummaryWe argue that for firms competing in infrastructure industries, a change in the government that granted the permission to invest in the host country increases the likelihood of divestment of foreign subsidiaries. The logic surrounding this behavior lies in the fact that these firms may develop cooperative relationships with the granting government and that a power transition depreciates the relational capital accumulated and the effectiveness of the commitments achieved. Building on the literature on relational governance and the relational view of corporate political actions, we argue that this effect increases with host country governmental discretion and with investment longevity. An empirical analysis of the survival of foreign investments made by Spanish firms from infrastructure industries during the period 1986 to 2008 provides support for our hypotheses.Managerial SummaryThe aim of this article is to analyze how changes in the host government that granted the investment in the host country influence firms’ foreign subsidiaries’ survival in the case of firms competing in infrastructure industries. We found that for firms in these industries, power transitions in the host country erode the cooperative relationship they may have with the granting government, increasing the probability of firms' foreign subsidiary divestiture. In addition, we identify two factors that make this effect greater: the length of operation of the foreign subsidiary and host country governmental discretion.
Hippocampal contributions to serial‐order memory
Authors: Long Nicole M. , Kahana Michael J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur memories form a record not only of our experiences, but also of their temporal structure. Although memory for the temporal structure of experience likely relies on multiple neural systems, numerous studies have implicated the hippocampus in the encoding and retrieval of temporal information. This review evaluates the literature on hippocampal contributions to human serial‐order memory from the perspective of three cognitive theories: associative chaining theory, positional‐coding theory and retrieved‐context theory. Evaluating neural findings through the lens of cognitive theories enables us to draw more incisive conclusions about the relations between brain and behavior.
Applicability of Polymeric Materials as Phase Change Materials
Authors: Weingrill Helena Marion , Resch‐Fauster Katharina , Zauner Christoph 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe applicability of more than 70 semi‐crystalline polymer grades with different melting temperatures as phase change materials (PCM) is investigated. Their storage capacity (heat of fusion) and application temperature range (defined by the melting temperature range and the degradation behavior) are analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Application‐oriented stability investigations (thermal cycling and exposure to static thermal load above the polymer’s melting temperature) are applied on the most promising polymer types. The thermal and thermo‐oxidative degradation behavior is monitored via DSC and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Different aging phenomena are identified. However, these have only little impact on the polymer’s storage capacity. Therefore, a great potential of polymers as PCM is revealed. Additionally, the economic efficiency of polymers as PCM is estimated and discussed.