bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinesin Family of Proteins Kif11 and Kif21B Act as Inhibitory Constraints of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Through Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Swarnkar Supriya , Avchalumov Yosef , Raveendra Bindu L. , Grinman Eddie , Puthanveettil Sathyanarayanan V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite our understanding of the functions of the kinesin family of motor proteins (Kifs) in neurons, their specific roles in neuronal communication are less understood. To address this, by carrying out RNAi-mediated loss of function studies, we assessed the necessity of 18 Kifs in excitatory synaptic transmission in mouse primary hippocampal neurons prepared from both sexes. Our measurements of excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) have identified 7 Kifs that were found to be not critical and 11 Kifs that are essential for synaptic transmission by impacting either frequency or amplitude or both components of EPSCs. Intriguingly we found that knockdown of mitotic Kif4A and Kif11 and post-mitotic Kif21B resulted in an increase in EPSCs suggesting that they function as inhibitory constraints on synaptic transmission. Furthermore, Kifs (11, 21B, 13B) with distinct effects on synaptic transmission are expressed in the same hippocampal neuron. Mechanistically, unlike Kif21B, Kif11 requires the activity of pre-synaptic NMDARs. In addition, we find that Kif11 knockdown enhanced dendritic arborization, synapse number, expression of synaptic vesicle proteins synaptophysin and active zone protein Piccolo. Moreover, expression of Piccolo constrained Kif11 function in synaptic transmission. Together these results suggest that neurons are able to utilize specific Kifs as tools for calibrating synaptic function. These studies bring novel insights into the biology of Kifs and functioning of neural circuits.
Isolation, identification, structural elucidation and bioactivity of Heneicos-1-ene from Coriandrum sativum L. foliage
Authors: Priyadarshi Siddharth , Harohally Nanishankar V. , Roopavathi C. , Naidu Madeneni Madhava 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCoriander foliage is a distinctive spice employed on a daily basis in curry and other Indian traditional food preparations mainly for the unique flavour attributes and health benefits. Radical scavenging activity has been demonstrated previously for coriander foliage. However, specific molecules responsible were not identified. A new molecule was isolated via chromatographic technique, and its structure was established by employing multinuclei and multidimensional NMR and HRMS techniques. The identified molecule Heneicos-1-ene was also screened for radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity, wherein it displayed radical scavenging activity of 89.6 ± 0.62% at 200 ppm, and also exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against E. coli and Salmonella typhi.
Cisplatin treatment induces attention deficits and impairs synaptic integrity in the prefrontal cortex in mice
Authors: Huo XiaoJiao , Reyes Teresa M. , Heijnen Cobi J. , Kavelaars Annemieke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPatients treated for cancer frequently experience chemobrain, characterized by impaired memory and reduced attention. These deficits often persist after treatment, and no preventive or curative interventions exist. In mice, we assessed the effect of cisplatin chemotherapy on attention using the 5-choice serial reaction time task and on synaptic integrity. We also assessed the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells to normalize the characteristics of chemobrain. Mice were trained in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. After reaching advancement criteria at a 4-second stimulus time, they were treated with cisplatin followed by nasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells. Cisplatin reduced the percentage of correct responses due to an increase in omissions, indicating attention deficits. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment reversed these cisplatin-induced deficits in attention. Cisplatin also induced abnormalities in markers of synaptic integrity in the prefrontal cortex. Specifically, cisplatin decreased expression of the global presynaptic marker synaptophysin and the glutamatergic presynaptic marker vGlut2. Expression of the presynaptic GABAergic marker vGAT increased. Nasal mesenchymal stem cell administration normalized these markers of synaptic integrity. In conclusion, cisplatin induces long-lasting attention deficits that are associated with decreased synaptic integrity in the prefrontal cortex. Nasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells reversed these behavioural and structural deficits.
A tale of two LAMS: a report of benign tissue ingrowth resulting in recurrent gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Parekh Parth , Shakhatreh Mohammad , Yeaton Paul 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastroenterostomy is a novel, off-label, procedure that has been facilitated by availability of a novel lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) (Axios, Boston Scientific, Marlbourough Massachusetts, United States). The literature suggests its efficacy to be comparable to surgical gastrojejunostomy. In theory, this procedure overcomes the issues associated with woven enteral stents, which are subject to continuous, straightening, axial forces. We report the adverse event of tissue ingrowth in an Axios stent placed as an EUS-guided gastroduodenostomy, resulting in recurrence of gastric outlet obstruction, treated by a stent-inside-stent technique.
Bewährte Indikationen von Natrium muriaticum in der Veterinärmedizin
Authors: Danowski Klaus 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungEs werden 4 häufige Indikationen vorgestellt. Zuerst ein Fall von Depression bei einem Wellensittich mit begleitender Nierenerkrankung. Nach einer Gabe C1000 war innerhalb von 4 Wochen wieder ein normales Verhalten zu beobachten. Der 2. Fall berichtet von einem Terrier mit Nüchternerbrechen. Als Ursache wurde eine Hyperchlorämie festgestellt. Nat-m. in C200 beendete das Erbrechen nach 8 Wochen und steigerte die Fitness deutlich. Das 3. Beispiel handelt von unkontrolliertem Harnabsatz. Der Irish Setter litt unter einer Nierenentzündung mit Überlaufblase. Grundproblematik war eine ausgeprägte Futterallergie. Begleitend bestand ein juckender Hautausschlag. Mit Tuberculinum Koch C1000 und Nat-m. C1000 heilten die Beschwerden innerhalb von 11 Wochen. Der letzte Fall schildert einen typischen Hautausschlag, ein sog. miliares Ekzem bei einer Stubenkatze. Nat-m. in C200 mehrmals pro Woche führte über einen interkurrenten Zahnwurzelabszess nach 3 Monaten zur Beschwerdefreiheit. Zuletzt wird von seit 1 Jahr bestehenden starken konkurrenzbedingten Spannungen mit der 2. Katze im Haus berichtet.
Pro und Kontra: „Bewährte Indikation“
Authors: Bleul Gerhard , Drexler Leopold , Sparenborg-Nolte Anne 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel diskutiert aus den Perspektiven „Pro“ und „Kontra“ die Einsatzmöglichkeiten sowie die Vor- und Nachteile der „Bewährten Indikation“ in der Homöopathie.
Effect of Flying at High Altitude on Early Exposure of Paracetamol in Humans
Authors: Idkaidek Nasir , Al-Ghazawi Ahmad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPharmacokinetics of paracetamol (APAP) was studied on-board during an air flight and compared to those on ground after 500 mg oral dose in 20 healthy human volunteer in parallel design study. Saliva samples were obtained every 15 min up to 2 h after dosing. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non compartmental analysis and one compartment models using Winnonlin program V5.2. Results have showed that on-board to ground ratios for area under curves AUC0→1, AUC0→2, time to reach maximum saliva concentration Tmax, absorption rate constant Ka and maximum saliva concentration Cmax were 0.62, 0.38, 1.01, 0.81 and 0.79 respectively. Effective membrane permeability coefficients were optimized by Nelder-Mead algorithm using Simcyp program V13. This showed similar rate of absorption and early exposure up to one hour, and lower bioavailability after 1 h on-board. This can be explained by the increased liver blood flow at high altitude that led to increased liver metabolism on-board. However, APAP elimination parameters were not calculated due to short sampling time. This suggests a need for dose adjustment on-board during long air flights, especially for narrow therapeutic index drugs with flow limited metabolism.
Head Biometry in Fetuses with Isolated Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Graupner Oliver , Koch Jessica , Enzensberger Christian , Götte Malena , Wolter Aline , Müller Vera , Kawecki Andreea , Herrmann Johannes , Axt-Fliedner Roland 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Purpose Altered cerebral hemodynamics are involved in changes in head biometry in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD). We compared head growth in different CHD groups with published normative values and investigated whether CHD groups differ from each other in terms of head circumference (HC) development over gestational age (GA).
Materials and Methods Retrospective cohort study consisting of 248 CHD fetuses. Subgroups were generated according to the expected ascending aorta oxygen saturation: Low placental blood content (BC) and therefore low oxygen delivery to the brain (group 1: n = 108), intermediate placental and systemic BC due to intracardiac mixing of blood (group 2: n = 103), high placental BC (group 3: n = 13) and low placental BC and low oxygen delivery to the brain without mixing of blood (group 4: n = 24). Furthermore, group 1 was divided into antegrade (n = 34) and retrograde (n = 74) flow through the aortic arch. Comparisons were made at a GA of 22, 30 and 38 weeks.
Results Estimated values of zHC (z-score transformed) were not significantly different between the four CHD groups at the three time points in gestation (all p > 0.05). Within group 1 fetuses with retrograde aortic arch flow showed a significant negative association between HC and GA compared to reference values (b = –0.054, p < 0.001) and had significantly lower zHC values at 38 weeks (–0.836) compared to fetuses with antegrade flow (0.366, p = 0.009).
Conclusion Our data do not confirm that CHD fetuses in general have a significantly smaller HC. HC becomes smaller throughout gestation depending on the direction of aortic arch flow.
Comparison between Rescue Flap and Double Flap Technique
Authors: Benzer Murat , Biceroglu Huseyin , Ates Murat Samet , Kaya Isa , Ozgiray Erkin , Midilli Rasit , Karcı Bulent , Gode Sercan 
Published: November 2018

Objectives Endoscopic techniques in pituitary surgery lead to inevitable mucosal loss of the sphenoethmoidal recess and posterior nasal septum in the nasal cavity. There is no other comparative study between primary reconstruction of septal perforation and secondary healing in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate postoperative patient morbidity with or without posterior septal perforation in endonasal pituitary surgery by comparing two commonly used techniques: rescue and double nasoseptal flaps.
Design Prospectively randomized study.
Setting Tertiary academic center.
Participants Sixty patients underwent endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery.
Main Outcomes and Measures Functional results (breathing) using visual analog scale (VAS), sphenoid sinusitis, presence of synechia, perforation in the posterior septum, and crusting in the sphenoethmoidal recess were assessed.
Results Pre- and postoperative mean VAS scores were 71.67 ± 11.47 and 67.67 ± 9.71 mm in the intact septum group and 77.67 ± 14.06 and 62.67 ± 10.48 mm in the posterior septal perforation group. There was a significant difference between pre- and postoperative VAS values in all groups. There was significant worsening in both groups; worsening in VAS values was much higher in the posterior septal perforation group. In the posterior septal perforation group, much more crusting was seen.
Conclusions This is the first study to compare the postoperative patient morbidity in endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery with and without a posterior septal perforation. Reconstruction of the posterior septum along with less mucosal loss yields better postoperative nasal symptom score.
The Impact of a Location-Sensing Electronic Health Record on Clinician Efficiency and Accuracy: A Pilot Simulation Study
Authors: King Kevin , Quarles John , Ravi Vaishnavi , Chowdhury Tanvir , Friday Donia , Sisson Craig , Feng Yusheng 
Published: November 2018

Background Through the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, the federal government invested $26 billion in electronic health records (EHRs) to improve physician performance and patient safety; however, these systems have not met expectations. One of the cited issues with EHRs is the human–computer interaction, as exhibited by the excessive number of interactions with the interface, which reduces clinician efficiency. In contrast, real-time location systems (RTLS)—technologies that can track the location of people and objects—have been shown to increase clinician efficiency. RTLS can improve patient flow in part through the optimization of patient verification activities. However, the data collected by RTLS have not been effectively applied to optimize interaction with EHR systems.
Objectives We conducted a pilot study with the intention of improving the human–computer interaction of EHR systems by incorporating a RTLS. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of RTLS on process metrics (i.e., provider time, number of rooms searched to find a patient, and the number of interactions with the computer interface), and the outcome metric of patient identification accuracy
Methods A pilot study was conducted in a simulated emergency department using a locally developed camera-based RTLS-equipped EHR that detected the proximity of subjects to simulated patients and displayed patient information when subjects entered the exam rooms. Ten volunteers participated in 10 patient encounters with the RTLS activated (RTLS-A) and then deactivated (RTLS-D). Each volunteer was monitored and actions recorded by trained observers. We sought a 50% improvement in time to locate patients, number of rooms searched to locate patients, and the number of mouse clicks necessary to perform those tasks.
Results The time required to locate patients (RTLS-A = 11.9 ± 2.0 seconds vs. RTLS-D = 36.0 ± 5.7 seconds, p < 0.001), rooms searched to find patient (RTLS-A = 1.0 ± 1.06 vs. RTLS-D = 3.8 ± 0.5, p < 0.001), and number of clicks to access patient data (RTLS-A = 1.0 ± 0.06 vs. RTLS-D = 4.1 ± 0.13, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced with RTLS-A relative to RTLS-D. There was no significant difference between RTLS-A and RTLS-D for patient identification accuracy.
Conclusion This pilot demonstrated in simulation that an EHR equipped with real-time location services improved performance in locating patients and reduced error compared with an EHR without RTLS. Furthermore, RTLS decreased the number of mouse clicks required to access information. This study suggests EHRs equipped with real-time location services that automates patient location and other repetitive tasks may improve physician efficiency, and ultimately, patient safety.
Not a Cheap Investment: Estimating the Cost of the 2017 to 2018 Ophthalmology Residency Match to the Applicant and Program
Authors: Moore Daniel 
Published: November 2018

Purpose To estimate the cost of the match process for all ophthalmology applicants and the departmental costs at the University of Kentucky during the 2017 to 2018 match cycle.
Design Financial analysis.
Methods Using the available national match statistics for the 2017 to 2018 ophthalmology residency match and the mean of all residency interview costs available in the literature, the estimated mean and total match costs were calculated for all applicants, including application fees and interviews. Program costs were estimated based on direct interview costs, lost productivity, and fixed costs.
Results Of 625 applicants, 475 matched into an ophthalmology residency position in 2017 to 2018. The mean estimated cost was US$6,613 for matched applicants, and all applicants spent US$4,646,950 on the match in aggregate. Our department spent an estimated US$179,327 over four interview days with 12 faculty volunteers, or an average of US$3,736 per each of 48 interviewed applicants.
Conclusions and Relevance Matching into an ophthalmology residency position is expensive not only for the applicant but also the program. Reforms to the process would likely be beneficial to both parties.
Tentorial Incision vs. Retraction of the Tentorial Edge during the Subtemporal Approach: Anatomical Comparison in Cadaveric Dissections and Retrospective Clinical Case Series
Authors: Archavlis E. , Serrano L. , Ringel F. , Kantelhardt S. R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare tentorial incision (group A) versus retraction and tack up suture (group B) of the tentorial edge during the subtemporal approach for surgery in the high basilar region.
Design 24 cadaveric dissections and 4 clinical cases of aneurysms of the high basilar region are presented. Assessment included visibility and operability afforded by either tentorial incision creating a dural flap (group A) or retraction of the tentorial edge and tethering with a suture (group B). Four patients, two with superior cerebellar artery aneurysms and two with proximal posterior cerebral artery aneurysms were treated with each approach.
Results In the quantitative evaluations, we found no significant difference in the exposure of the posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar, and perforant arteries as well as surgical working area provided by either approach. However, tentorial incision allowed a significantly greater exposure of the basilar artery and the fourth cranial nerve (both p < 0.001). Concerning operability, tentorial incision provided no objective advantage for direct clipping of the high basilar region (groups A vs. B, p > 0.05). Subjectively, clipping of the high basilar segment was feasible using tentorial tethering only.
Conclusion Retraction of the free edge of the tentorium downward by tethering with a suture is simple and fast method for exposure of aneurysms in the high basilar region when the pathology does not require a proximal control. In our data the rather more invasive and time consuming tentorial incision provided an additional objectified advantage only for placement of a proximal temporary clip.
Chest ultrasound for the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Heuvelings Charlotte C , Bélard Sabine , Familusi Mary A , Spijker Rene , Grobusch Martin P , Zar Heather J 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundChest ultrasound is an emerging imaging modality, for several paediatric pulmonary diseases.Sources of dataMEDLINE and EMBASE (1946–47 to 10 March 2017) were searched to collect evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasound, compared to other imaging modalities, for the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary diseases.Areas of agreementEighteen pneumonia studies, comprising 2031 children, were included for meta-analysis; the summary estimate sensitivity was 95.0% (95%CI: 90.7–97.3%) and specificity was 96.1% (95%CI: 89.1–98.7%).Areas of controversyOther pulmonary diseases also yielded high sensitivity and specificity, but a meta-analysis could not be conducted due to a limited number of studies includable, and their heterogeneity.Growing pointsChest ultrasound should be considered as a first-line imaging modality for children with suspected pneumonia.Areas timely for developing researchFurther research should focus on the diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasound for the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary diseases, other than pneumonia, comparing against a valid gold standard.
In the Eyes of Those Who Were Randomized: Perceptions of Disadvantaged Older Adults in a Tai Chi Trial
Authors: Lo On-Yee , Conboy Lisa A , Rukhadze Alexandra , Georgetti Caroline , Gagnon Margaret M , Manor Brad , Lachman Margie E , Lipsitz Lewis A , Wayne Peter M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older adults living in subsidized housing have typically been excluded from exercise intervention studies. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the perceived physical, psychological, social, and economic factors that influenced participation in and adherence to a year-long Tai Chi intervention within an ongoing cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) for older adults living within subsidized housing facilities.

Research Design and Methods
Focus groups were held with participants of the RCT who were allocated to the trial’s Tai Chi intervention. Individual phone interviews were conducted with those allocated to Tai Chi who had low adherence or who had withdrawn their participation from the study. Emergent themes were extracted using grounded-theory methods.

Results
In this qualitative study, we enrolled 41 participants who were allocated to the RCT’s Tai Chi intervention: 38 completed and 3 withdrew from the study. Average Tai Chi class attendance was 64.3%. Pragmatic factors that led to higher adherence and retention included: locating classes within each facility; providing programs at no cost; and deployment of a skilled research support team. In addition, the use of an accessible, simplified Tai Chi program improved confidence, social support, self-efficacy, and self-reported improvements in physical and psychological well-being.

Discussion and Implications
Perceived physical, psychological, social benefits, and self-efficacy likely enhance adherence and retention to research-based Tai Chi interventions for older adults. Delivering an on-site, no cost, and supportive program appears critical to overcoming financial and environmental barriers to participation for those living within subsidized housing.
Hamiltonian Monte Carlo solution of tomographic inverse
problems
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Zunino Andrea , Gebraad Lars 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY
We present the theory for and applications of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) solutions of linear and nonlinear tomographic problems. HMC rests on the construction of an artificial Hamiltonian system where a model is treated as a high-dimensional particle moving along a trajectory in an extended model space. Using derivatives of the forward equations, HMC is able to make long-distance moves from the current towards a new independent model, thereby promoting model independence, while maintaining high acceptance rates. Following a brief introduction to HMC using common geophysical terminology, we study linear (tomographic) problems. Though these may not be the main target of Monte Carlo methods, they provide valuable insight into the geometry and the tuning of HMC, including the design of suitable mass matrices and the length of Hamiltonian trajectories. This is complemented by a self-contained proof of the HMC algorithm in Appendix A. A series of tomographic/imaging examples is intended to illustrate (i) different variants of HMC, such as constrained and tempered sampling, (ii) the independence of samples produced by the HMC algorithm and (iii) the effects of tuning on the number of samples required to achieve practically useful convergence. Most importantly, we demonstrate the combination of HMC with adjoint techniques. This allows us to solve a fully nonlinear, probabilistic traveltime tomography with several thousand unknowns on a standard laptop computer, without any need for supercomputing resources.