bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolating the effect of soil properties on agricultural soil greenhouse gas emissions under controlled conditions
Authors: Miller Gemma A. , Rees Robert M. , Griffiths Bryan S. , Cloy Joanna M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAgricultural soils are important sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Soil properties and environmental factors have complex interactions which influence the dynamics of these GHG fluxes. Four arable and five grassland soils which represent the range of soil textures and climatic conditions of the main agricultural areas in the UK were incubated at two different moisture contents (50 or 80% water holding capacity) and with or without inorganic fertiliser application (70 kg N ha−1 ammonium nitrate) over 22 days. Emissions of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were measured twice per week by headspace gas sampling, and cumulative fluxes were calculated. Multiple regression modelling was carried out to determine which factors (soil mineral N, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, C:N ratios, clay contents and pH) that best explained the variation in GHG fluxes. Clay, mineral N and soil C contents were found to be the most important explanatory variables controlling GHG fluxes in this study. However, none of the measured variables explained a significant amount of variation in CO2 fluxes from the arable soils. The results were generally consistent with previously published work. However, N2O emissions from the two Scottish soils were substantially more sensitive to inorganic N fertiliser application at 80% water holding capacity than the other soils, with the N2O emissions being up to 107 times higher than the other studied soils.
An approach for establishing correspondence between OpenStreetMap and reference datasets for land use and land cover mapping
Authors: Zhou Qi , Jia Xuecan , Lin Hao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOpenStreetMap (OSM) provides free source data for land use and land cover (LULC) mapping of many regions globally. Earlier work has used just manual and subjective approaches to establish correspondence between paired OSM and reference datasets, an essential step for LULC mapping. This study proposes an approach to establish correspondence via three steps: (1) convert line feature(s) into polygon feature(s); (2) merge multiple polygon feature(s) into a single layer; and (3) establish correspondence and reclassify OSM and/or reference datasets. Study areas in Sheffield, London, Rome, and Paris were used for testing, and two measures (overall accuracy, OA and kappa index) were used for evaluation. Experiments were designed to verify this approach, with each pair of OSM and reference datasets initially compared after reclassification. Correspondence from one study area was then applied to another for further validation. Results show that OA was between 70 and 90% and the kappa index varied between 0.6 and 0.8. Evaluation also indicates that the correspondence obtained from one study area is applicable to another, and we illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Letermovir for primary and secondary cytomegalovirus prevention in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Real‐world experience
Authors: Lin Andrew , Maloy Molly , Su Yiqi , Bhatt Valkal , DeRespiris Lauren , Griffin Meagan , Lau Carmen , Proli Anthony , Barker Juliet , Shaffer Brian , Giralt Sergio A. , Jakubowski Ann A. , Papadopoulos Esperanza B. , Papanicolaou Genovefa A. , Seo Susan K. , Perales Miguel‐Angel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients. We evaluated the efficacy of letermovir as primary and secondary prophylaxis in 53 CMV‐seropositive hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. 70% of patients were at high risk for CMV reactivation and disease (primarily ex vivo T‐cell–depleted HCT [n = 18; 34%] or haploidentical T‐replete HCT [n = 12; 23%]). This was a retrospective, single‐center study which identified patients transplanted between January 2018 and June 2018. Patients were followed through September 2018. The primary outcome was the incidence of clinically significant CMV infection (CMV viremia requiring preemptive treatment or CMV disease). Primary letermovir prophylaxis started at a median of 7 days (range, 7‐40) after allo‐HCT. The median duration of primary letermovir prophylaxis was 116 days (range, 12‐221). With primary prophylaxis in 39 patients, the observed CMV reactivation rate was 5.1%. Twenty‐nine patients continued primary prophylaxis beyond 14 weeks with a reactivation rate of 3.4%. No recurrent reactivation was seen with secondary prophylaxis of an additional 14 patients. Our experience demonstrates the efficacy of letermovir in a real‐world setting for CMV prevention for the first 14 weeks and continued efficacy when given longer than 14 weeks after allogeneic stem cell transplantation or as secondary prophylaxis.
Miscanthus x giganteus crop fields hide a genotype of the invasive M. sacchariflorus
Authors: Perrier A , Hardion L , Rozan A , Staentzel C , Combroux I 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDespite their putative invasive potential, Miscanthus taxa have been increasingly viewed as promising crops for bioenergy production. Miscanthus x giganteus is cultivated worldwide due to its high productivity, and its non‐spreading growth limits its risk of invasion. However, the genetic uniformity of its unique cultivated clone has recently been questioned. We used morphometry, nuclear microsatellites, AFLP fingerprints and nrDNA ITS barcoding to assess Miscanthus genotypes cultivated in eastern France. As expected, the globally cultivated clone was the main morphotype and genotype of our samplings; however, we also identified a second genotype, assigned to M. sacchariflorus, in the sampled fields. Morphological differentiation partially overlaps genotypic assignation, probably due to disturbance at the crop edges. We also show that Miscanthus taxa are misidentified in commercial nurseries. Our study confirms previous reports of the occurrence of other accessions in fields of M. x giganteus. These taxonomic confusions limit the certainty that a single clone of M. x giganteus is cultivated. In this context, M. x giganteus crop fields may actually promote the dispersal of invasive Miscanthus taxa.
Home‐based high‐intensity interval training reduces barriers to exercise in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Scott Sam N. , Shepherd Sam O. , Strauss Juliette A. , Wagenmakers Anton J. M. , Cocks Matt 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This symposium review provides an overview of the recent work investigating whether a virtually monitored home‐based high‐intensity interval training (Home‐HIT) intervention reduces the fear of hypoglycaemia and other common barriers to exercise in people with type 1 diabetes.

What advances does it highlight?
Home‐HIT seems to offer a strategy to reduce fear of hypoglycaemia, while simultaneously removing other known barriers that prevent people with type 1 diabetes from taking up exercise, because it is time efficient, requires no travel time or costs associated with gym memberships, and allows people to exercise in their chosen environment.

AbstractPeople with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are recommended to engage in regular exercise for a variety of health and fitness reasons. However, many lead a sedentary lifestyle and fail to meet the physical activity guidelines, in part because of the challenge of managing blood glucose concentration and fear of hypoglycaemia. A number of strategies designed to help people with T1D to manage their blood glucose during and after exercise have been investigated. Although many of these strategies show promise in facilitating blood glucose management during and after exercise, they do not target the many other common barriers to exercise that people with T1D face, such as difficulty with cost and travel time to gyms, limited access to exercise bikes and treadmills, and a possible dislike of exercising in front of others in public places. In this symposium review, we provide an overview of ongoing research into a virtually monitored home‐based high‐intensity interval training (Home‐HIT) programme that is designed to reduce these other common barriers to exercise. The conclusion of this review is that Home‐HIT seems to offer a strategy to reduce fear of hypoglycaemia, while simultaneously removing other known barriers preventing people with T1D from taking up exercise, such as being time efficient, requiring no travel time or costs associated with gym memberships, and giving them the opportunity to exercise in their chosen environment, reducing the embarrassment experienced by some when exercising in public.
Determining responsiveness and meaningful changes for the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways
Authors: Price Andrew James , Ogollah Reuben , Kang Sujin , Hay Elaine , Barker Karen L , Benedetto Elena , Smith Stephanie , Smith James , Galloway James B , Ellis Benjamin , Rees Jonathan , Glyn-Jones Sion , Beard David , Fitzpatrick Ray , Hill Jonathan C 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesWe have previously developed and validated the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways, showing encouraging psychometric test results. The objective of this study was to determine the responsiveness of MSK-HQ following MSK treatments and to determine the minimally important change (MIC).SettingWe collected data in four cohorts from community physiotherapy and secondary-care orthopaedic hip, knee and shoulder clinics.Participants592 individuals were recruited; 210 patients treated with physiotherapy for a range of MSK conditions in primary care; 150 patients undergoing hip replacement, 150 patients undergoing knee replacement and 82 undergoing shoulder surgery in secondary care.Outcome measuresPreoperative data were collected including the MSK-HQ, European Quality of Life-5D (EQ-5D) and the OHS, OKS or OSS in each joint-specific group. The same scores, together with anchor questions, were collected postintervention at 3 months for the physiotherapy group and 6 months for all others. Following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines, responsiveness was assessed using correlation between scores and the MIC was calculated for the entire cohort using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe MSK-HQ demonstrated strong correlation (R=0.73) with EQ-5D across the entire cohort and with each of the joint-specific Oxford scores (hip R=0.87, knee R=0.92 and shoulder R=0.77). Moderate correlation was seen between MSK-HQ and EQ-5D across each individual group (R value range 0.60–0.68), apart from the hip group where correlation was strong (R=0.77). The effect size with MSK-HQ was 0.93, in the entire cohort, double that measured with EQ-5D (0.43). In all subgroups, MSK-HQ measured a greater treatment effect compared with EQ-5D. The MIC is 5.5 (95% CI 2.7 to 8.3).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that the MSK-HQ questionnaire is responsive to change across a range of musculoskeletal conditions, supporting its use as a generic MSK measurement instrument.
Association between continued residence in temporary prefabricated housing and musculoskeletal pain in survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake: a longitudinal study
Authors: Sogi Yasuhito , Yabe Yutaka , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Koide Masashi , Itaya Nobuyuki , Yoshida Shinichirou , Yano Toshihisa , Tsuji Ichiro , Itoi Eiji 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveProlonged periods of living in prefabricated houses (PHs) may increase the risk of musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms; however, the association is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the association between continued residence in PHs and MSK pain in a population affected by a natural disaster, the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) survivors.Design, setting and participantsA panel study was conducted including 1059 and 792 survivors at 2 and 4 years, respectively, after the GEJE, using a self-reported questionnaire. Those with no response on living status and those who did not live in a PH were excluded. Participants were classified into two groups by living status: continued residence in a PH (lived in a PH during both periods) or moving out of a PH (lived in a PH in the first period and did not live in a PH in the second).Primary outcome measureMSK pain included lower back, shoulder, knee, hand or foot, and neck pain. Changes in the occurrence of MSK pain during the two periods were assessed and defined as ‘new-onset’ and ‘continuing’ MSK pain. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influence of continued residence in a PH on new-onset and continuing MSK pain.ResultsContinued residence in a PH was significantly associated with new-onset MSK pain, even after adjustment for covariates (adjusted OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.79, p=0.006). Participants who continued living in a PH had higher rates of continuing MSK pain than those who moved out; however, the difference was not significant (adjusted OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.94 to 3.05, p=0.079).ConclusionContinued residence in a PH was associated with new-onset MSK pain among survivors. Public support should be provided to such people to ensure a more comfortable life.
Clinical and genomic features of adult and paediatric acute leukaemias with ophthalmic manifestations
Authors: Skarsgård Lisa Stenman , Andersson Mattias K. , Persson Marta , Larsen Ann-Cathrine , Coupland Sarah E. , Stenman Göran , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the clinicopathological and genomic features of nine patients with primary and secondary orbital/ocular manifestations of leukaemia.MethodsAll orbital/ocular leukaemic specimens from 1980 to 2009 were collected from the Danish Register of Pathology. In six cases, medical records and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were available. Three cases from the Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, were also included. Immunophenotypes and MYB oncoprotein expression were ascertained by immunohistochemistry. Genomic imbalances were analysed with comparative genomic hybridisation arrays and oncogene rearrangements with fluorescence in situ hybridisation.ResultsFour patients had B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) and five had acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Two patients with BCP-ALL and one with AML had primary orbital manifestations of leukaemia. Common symptoms were proptosis, displacement of the eye, and reduced eye mobility in patients with orbital leukaemias and pain, and reduced visual acuity in patients with ocular leukaemias. All patients with primary orbital lesions were alive up to 18 years after diagnosis. All but one patient with secondary ophthalmic manifestations died of relapse/disseminated disease.ETV6andRUNX1were rearranged in BCP-ALL, andRUNX1andKMT2Ain AML. Genomic profiling revealed quiet genomes (0–7 aberrations/case). The MYB oncoprotein was overexpressed in the majority of cases.ConclusionsLeukaemias with and without ophthalmic manifestations have similar immunophenotypes, translocations/gene fusions and copy number alterations. Awareness of the clinical spectrum of leukaemic lesions of the eye or ocular region is important to quickly establish the correct diagnosis and commence prompt treatment.
Cost-effectiveness of a video game versus live simulation for disaster training
Authors: Whitfill Travis , Auerbach Marc , Diaz Maria Carmen G , Walsh Barbara , Scherzer Daniel J , Gross Isabel T , Cicero Mark X 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionDisaster triage training for emergency medical service (EMS) providers is unstandardised. We hypothesised that disaster triage training with the paediatric disaster triage (PDT) video game‘60 s to Survival’would be a cost-effective alternative to live simulation-based PDT training.MethodsWe synthesised data for a cost-effectiveness analysis from two previous studies. The video game data were from the intervention arm of a randomised controlled trial that compared triage accuracy in a live simulation scenario of exposed vs unexposed groups to the video game. The live simulation and feedback data were from a prospective cohort study evaluating live simulation and feedback for improving disaster triage skills. Postintervention scores of triage accuracy were measured for participants via live simulations and compared between both groups. Cost-effectiveness between the live simulation and video game groups was assessed using (1) A net benefit regression model at various willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. (2) A cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC).ResultsThe total cost for the live simulation and feedback training programme was $81 313.50 and the cost for the video game was $67 822. Incremental net benefit values at various WTP values revealed positive incremental net benefit values, indicating that the video game is more cost-effective compared with live simulation and feedback. Moreover, the CEAC revealed a high probability (>0.6) at various WTP values that the video game is more cost-effective.ConclusionsA video game-based simulation disaster triage training programme was more cost-effective than a live simulation and feedback-based programme. Video game-based training could be a simple, scalable and sustainable solution to training EMS providers.
SLE clinical trials: impact of missing data on estimating treatment effects
Authors: Kim Mimi , Merrill Joan T , Wang Cuiling , Viswanathan Shankar , Kalunian Ken , Hanrahan Leslie , Izmirly Peter 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveA common problem in clinical trials is missing data due to participant dropout and loss to follow-up, an issue which continues to receive considerable attention in the clinical research community. Our objective was to examine and compare current and alternative methods for handling missing data in SLE trials with a particular focus on multiple imputation, a flexible technique that has been applied in different disease settings but not to address missing data in the primary outcome of an SLE trial.MethodsData on 279 patients with SLE randomised to standard of care (SoC) and also receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), azathioprine or methotrexate were obtained from the Lupus Foundation of America-Collective Data Analysis Initiative Database. Complete case analysis (CC), last observation carried forward (LOCF), non-responder imputation (NRI) and multiple imputation (MI) were applied to handle missing data in an analysis to assess differences in SLE Responder Index-5 (SRI-5) response rates at 52 weeks between patients on SoC treated with MMF versus other immunosuppressants (non-MMF).ResultsThe rates of missing data were 32% in the MMF and 23% in the non-MMF groups. As expected, the NRI missing data approach yielded the lowest estimated response rates. The smallest and least significant estimates of differences between groups were observed with LOCF, and precision was lowest with the CC method. Estimated between-group differences were magnified with the MI approach, and imputing SRI-5 directly versus deriving SRI-5 after separately imputing its individual components yielded similar results.ConclusionThe potential advantages of applying MI to address missing data in an SLE trial include reduced bias when estimating treatment effects, and measures of precision that properly reflect uncertainty in the imputations. However, results can vary depending on the imputation model used, and the underlying assumptions should be plausible. Sensitivity analysis should be conducted to demonstrate robustness of results, especially when missing data proportions are high.
On the mean anomaly and the mean longitude in tests of post-Newtonian gravity
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The distinction between the mean anomaly $${\mathcal {M}}(t)$$M(t) and the mean anomaly at epoch $$\eta $$η, and the mean longitude l(t) and the mean longitude at epoch $$\epsilon $$ϵ is clarified in the context of a their possible use in post-Keplerian tests of gravity, both Newtonian and post-Newtonian. In particular, the perturbations induced on $${\mathcal {M}}(t),\,\eta ,\,l(t),\,\epsilon $$M(t),η,l(t),ϵ by the post-Newtonian Schwarzschild and Lense–Thirring fields, and the classical accelerations due to the atmospheric drag and the oblateness $$J_2$$J2 of the central body are calculated for an arbitrary orbital configuration of the test particle and a generic orientation of the primary’s spin axis $$\varvec{{\hat{S}}}$$S^. They provide us with further observables which could be fruitfully used, e.g., in better characterizing astrophysical binary systems and in more accurate satellite-based tests around major bodies of the Solar System. Some erroneous claims by Ciufolini and Pavlis appeared in the literature are confuted. In particular, it is shown that there are no net perturbations of the Lense–Thirring acceleration on either the semimajor axis a and the mean motion $$n_{\mathrm{b}}$$nb. Furthermore, the quadratic signatures on $${\mathcal {M}}(t)$$M(t) and l(t) due to certain disturbing non-gravitational accelerations like the atmospheric drag can be effectively disentangled from the post-Newtonian linear trends of interest provided that a sufficiently long temporal interval for the data analysis is assumed. A possible use of $$\eta $$η along with the longitudes of the ascending node $$\Omega $$Ω in tests of general relativity with the existing LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites is suggested.
Absence of HIF1A Leads to Glycogen Accumulation and an Inflammatory Response That Enables Pancreatic Tumor Growth
Authors: Maruggi Marco , Layng Fabiana Izidro , Lemos Robert , Garcia Guillermina , James Brian P. , Sevilla Monica , Soldevilla Ferran , Baaten Bas J. , de Jong Petrus R. , Koh Mei Yee , Powis Garth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Cancer cells respond to hypoxia by upregulating the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) transcription factor, which drives survival mechanisms that include metabolic adaptation and induction of angiogenesis by VEGF. Pancreatic tumors are poorly vascularized and severely hypoxic. To study the angiogenic role of HIF1A, and specifically probe whether tumors are able to use alternative pathways in its absence, we created a xenograft mouse tumor model of pancreatic cancer lacking HIF1A. After an initial delay of about 30 days, the HIF1A-deficient tumors grew as rapidly as the wild-type tumors and had similar vascularization. These changes were maintained in subsequent passages of tumor xenografts in vivo and in cell lines ex vivo. There were many cancer cells with a "clear-cell" phenotype in the HIF1A-deficient tumors; this was the result of accumulation of glycogen. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the tumors identified hypoxic cancer cells with inhibited glycogen breakdown, which promoted glycogen accumulation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins 1β (IL1B) and 8 (IL8). scRNA-seq of the mouse tumor stroma showed enrichment of two subsets of myeloid dendritic cells (cDC), cDC1 and cDC2, that secreted proangiogenic cytokines. These results suggest that glycogen accumulation associated with a clear-cell phenotype in hypoxic cancer cells lacking HIF1A can initiate an alternate pathway of cytokine and DC-driven angiogenesis. Inhibiting glycogen accumulation may provide a treatment for cancers with the clear-cell phenotype.

Significance:
These findings establish a novel mechanism by which tumors support angiogenesis in an HIF1α-independent manner.