bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) in girls and women: Developing a conceptual framework for a prevention research agenda
Authors: Brady Sonya S. , Bavendam Tamara G. , Berry Amanda , Fok Cynthia S. , Gahagan Sheila , Goode Patricia S. , Hardacker Cecilia T. , Hebert‐Beirne Jeni , Lewis Cora E. , Lewis Jessica B. , Kane Low Lisa , Lowder Jerry L. , Palmer Mary H. , Wyman Jean F. , Lukacz Emily S. ,   For the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium
Published: August 2018

AimsThe Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium was established by the National Institutes of Health in 2015 to expand research beyond the detection and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to the promotion and preservation of bladder health and prevention of LUTS in girls and women. While many multi‐disciplinary scientific networks focus on pelvic floor dysfunction and LUTS, the PLUS Consortium stands alone in its focus on prevention. This article describes the PLUS approach to developing a conceptual framework to guide the Consortium's initial prevention research agenda.MethodsThe conceptual framework was informed by traditional social ecological models of public health, biopsychosocial models of health, Glass and McAtee's Society‐Behavior‐Biology Nexus, and the World Health Organization's conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health.ResultsThe PLUS conceptual framework provides a foundation for developing prevention interventions that have the greatest likelihood of promoting and preserving bladder health among diverse populations.ConclusionsPLUS Consortium work is premised on the notion that programs, practices, and policies designed to promote health will have optimal impact if the conceptual foundation upon which efforts are based is comprehensive and informed by multiple disciplines. The PLUS conceptual framework is broadly applicable to domains of health that have historically focused on the treatment of illness and symptoms rather than the promotion of health. It is also applicable to domains of health that have been examined from a predominantly biological or social ecological perspective, without integration of both perspectives.
Early History of Home Parenteral Nutrition: From Hospital to Home
Authors: Hurt Ryan T. , Steiger Ezra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTechnologic advances in the past century have led to the ability to safely deliver parenteral nutrition (PN) to hospitalized patients. Key breakthroughs included the development of saline and glucose infusions, infusion pumps, macronutrients (lipids, dextrose, and amino acids), and central venous catheters. In the 1960s, centrally delivered PN was performed in short‐term hospitalized patients by Lincoln James Lawson (North Staffordshire Royal Infirmatory, United Kingdom) and long‐term patients by Stanley Dudrick (University of Pennsylvania, United States). These early studies showed that a system was needed that would allow patients with intestinal failure to be discharged from the hospital and receive home PN (HPN). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Belding Scribner, Maurice Shils, Khursheed Jeejeebhoy, Marvin Ament, Dudrick, and their teams discharged patients from the hospital who then self‐administered HPN. Shortly after these early cases of HPN, multidisciplinary centers were established first in North America, and later in Europe, to manage these complex cases. The current article describes the patients treated by these early HPN pioneers, in addition to subsequent case series reported by them and others.
The Population Cost‐Effectiveness of Weight Watchers with General Practitioner Referral Compared with Standard Care
Authors: Lymer Sharyn , Schofield Deborah , Cunich Michelle , Lee Crystal Man Ying , Fuller Nicholas , Caterson Ian , Colagiuri Stephen 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess population‐level cost‐effectiveness of the Weight Watchers (WW) program with doctor referral compared with standard care (SC) for Australian adults with overweight and obesity.MethodsThe target population was Australian adults ≥ 20 years old with BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2, whose obesity status was subsequently modeled for 2015 to 2025. A microsimulation model (noncommunicable disease model [NCDMod]) was used to assess the incremental cost‐effectiveness of WW compared with SC. A health system perspective was taken, and outcomes were measured by obesity cases averted in 2025, BMI units averted for 2015 to 2025, and quality‐adjusted life years for 2015 to 2025. Univariate sensitivity testing was used to measure variations in the model parameters.ResultsThe WW intervention resulted in 60,445 averted cases of obesity in 2025 (2,311 more cases than for SC), extra intervention costs of A$219 million, and cost savings within the health system of A$17,248 million (A$82 million more than for SC) for 2015 to 2025 compared with doing nothing. The modeled WW had an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of A$35,195 in savings per case of obesity averted in 2025. WW remained dominant over SC for the different scenarios in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThe WW intervention represents good value for money. The WW intervention needs serious consideration in a national package of obesity health services.
Correlates of Weight‐Loss Methods Among Young Adults in Canada
Authors: Raffoul Amanda , Hammond David 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of various weight‐loss behaviors among young adults in Canada and differences in the use of these methods by demographic characteristics, health literacy, and perceived body size.MethodsData from the 2016 wave of the Canada Food Study were used, which collected self‐reported information from 3,000 young adults in five cities. Linear regression models were conducted to investigate correlates of the number and type of weight‐loss methods used across the following four categories: dietary changes, physical activity, assisted weight‐loss methods, and unhealthy behaviors.ResultsIn the past 12 months, more than half of respondents reported a weight‐loss attempt, and nearly one‐fifth engaged in an unhealthy weight‐loss method. The risk of engaging in a greater number of weight‐loss behaviors across categories was higher for women, nonbinary‐gendered individuals, and individuals who perceived themselves as having overweight or obesity. Respondents with lower health literacy engaged in a significantly greater number of unhealthy methods.ConclusionsMany young adults use healthier weight‐loss strategies, but a concerning number use multiple and/or unhealthy weight‐loss methods as well. Furthermore, there are subgroup differences in weight‐loss method engagement, which holds significance for public health efforts aiming to improve weight‐related behaviors.
Crystalline structure, dielectric, and mechanical properties of simultaneously biaxially stretched polyvinylidene fluoride film
Authors: Lu Hongchao , Li Li 
Published: August 2018

Biaxially stretched films have balanced properties in the film plane compared with uniaxially stretched films, thus having wider potential applications. In this paper, the simultaneously biaxial stretching (BO) technology had been applied to poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) melt extrusion film, and the crystalline structure, dielectric, and mechanical properties of the BOPVDF films were investigated. The results showed that during the simultaneous BO process, the applied stress on the film led to the alignment of PVDF chains into the crystals and the formation of all‐trans planar zigzag (TTT) conformation, thus increasing the relative content of β phase and the crystallinity of BOPVDF films, as well as the dielectric response. When the stretching ratio was 2.0 × 2.0, the dielectric constant of the film reached the maximum, ie, ~12, and the dielectric loss was minimum, ie, ~0.02. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the stretched films were significantly improved and reached the maximum tensile strength with 3.5 × 3.5 draw ratio, ie, 90 MPa.
Tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of mirogabalin in healthy subjects: Results from phase 1 studies
Authors: Brown Karen , Mendell Jeanne , Ohwada Shoichi , Hsu Ching , He Ling , Warren Vance , Dishy Victor , Zahir Hamim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree phase 1 pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) studies were conducted in healthy men and women to further characterize the safety, tolerability, andPK/PDof mirogabalin administration with or without food and to guide the dose selection and regimen for phase 2 and 3 clinical development. The 3 studies included 2 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐ascending‐dose studies, and 1 open‐label, crossover study to evaluate thePKof mirogabalin administered under fasting and fed (high‐fat meal) conditions. Forty‐eight and 47 healthy volunteers completed the single‐ and multiple‐dose studies, respectively. Thirty subjects were enrolled and completed the food effect study. Mirogabalin was well tolerated in the fed and fasted states. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs)—dizziness and somnolence—were expected based on mirogabalin's mechanism of action. Subjects receiving the highest mirogabalin doses (50 and 75 mg single dose) showed greater dizziness and sedation and higher rates ofTEAEs than subjects receiving 3‐30 mg. After oral administration, mirogabalin was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum concentration, ∼1 hour) and eliminated through urine unchanged (61%‐72% urinary excretion). Exposure increased in a dose‐proportional manner after single or multiple mirogabalin doses. No significant accumulation occurred with multiple doses over 14 days. After single doses of mirogabalin (15 mg), the bioavailability was considered equivalent in the fed and fasted states, indicating that mirogabalin can be taken without food restrictions. Based on these data, mirogabalin 15 mg twice daily was selected as the highest target dose for further clinical development.
Small‐Molecule Neuromedin U Receptor 2 Agonists Suppress Food Intake and Decrease Visceral Fat in Animal Models
Authors: Sampson Catherine M. , Kasper James M. , Felsing Daniel E. , Raval Sweta R. , Ye Na , Wang Pingyuan , Patrikeev Igor , Rytting Erik , Zhou Jia , Allen John A. , Hommel Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObesity is a growing public health concern, with 37.5% of the adult population in need of therapeutics that are more efficacious with a better side effect profile. An innovative target in this regard is neuromedin U, a neuropeptide shown to suppress food intake and attenuate weight gain in animal models. These effects of neuromedin U on feeding behavior are thought to be related to agonism at the centrally expressed neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2). As peptides present unique challenges that limit their therapeutic potential, the discovery of small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists is needed to validate the targets therapeutic value, but to date, none have been evaluated in any animal model of disease. We therefore assessed two small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists for their in vitro signaling and their in vivo efficacy. The NMUR2 agonists were synthesized and both NMUR2 agonists, NY0116 and NY0128, decreased cAMP while stimulating calcium signaling in stably expressing NMUR2 HEK293 cells. When small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists were tested in vivo, acute administration significantly decreased high‐fat diet consumption. Repeated administration of the compounds decreased body weight and more specifically, decreased the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obese mice. These results have confirmed small‐molecule NMUR2 agonists are efficacious in animal models to decrease fat content, food intake, and body weight, suggesting NMUR2 is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
Host plant influences establishment and performance of Amblydromalus limonicus, a predator for Bactericera cockerelli
Authors: Kean Aliesha M , Nielsen Mette‐Cecilie , Davidson Melanie M , Butler Ruth C , Vereijssen Jessica 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDManagement of tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc)) predominantly relies on insecticides. However, biological control agents (BCAs) could provide viable alternatives to suppress TPP populations. In this laboratory experiment, we assessed the predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor) as a BCA of TPP on whole plants of two tomato and two pepper cultivars over a 5‐week period.RESULTSPlant species and cultivar had a significant effect on the ability of A. limonicus to suppress populations of TPP. Numbers of TPP were suppressed by A. limonicus on four pepper treatments, but on only one tomato treatment. Amblydromalus limonicus could survive and reproduce on pepper and tomato, but more were found on pepper at the end of the 5‐week period.CONCLUSIONAmblydromalus limonicus has the potential to suppress TPP populations on pepper but not tomato cultivars, based on the present study. Possible reasons for these results include the difference in leaf morphology between species, and higher predator:prey ratios on pepper than tomato because of the longer TPP generation time on pepper. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Systemic resistance inducer acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) and its microencapsulated formulations: their long‐lasting control efficacy against cucumber diseases and mitigation of phytotoxicity
Authors: Ishii Hideo , Fujiwara Masahiro , Nishimura Kumiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of fungicide resistance by pathogens is a major limiting factor for the control of plant diseases. To combat resistance development, the use of broad‐spectrum but nonfungitoxic resistance inducers such as acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) is a promising approach because the orchestrated mechanisms underlying systemic acquired resistance induced by ASM are less likely to be overcome easily by pathogens. However, phytotoxicity is the main limiting factor of ASM.RESULTSASM was highly active at inducing systemic resistance against powdery and downy mildews, the two major cucumber diseases. Based on the duration of the control, ASM effectiveness against these diseases was maintained well in plastic greenhouses and the number of sprays could be reduced. Control efficacy after seed treatment with ASM and the applications of microencapsulated ASM was also high against mildews in pots as well as in greenhouse experiments, with no problematic phytotoxicity.CONCLUSIONThe use of ASM is a potential integrated pest management‐based tactic to control cucumber powdery and downy mildews because its long‐lasting efficacy allows the application of typical fungicides to be reduced. The risk for resistance development in mildew pathogens will also be reduced. ASM seed treatment as well as soil amendment with microencapsulated ASM is effective in lowering the risk for the phytotoxicity of this compound. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Attractiveness of host banana leaf materials to the banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidusin Ghana for development of field management strategies
Authors: Abagale Samson A , Woodcock Christine M , Chamberlain Keith , Osafo‐Acquaah Samuel , van Emden Helmut , Birkett Michael A , Pickett John A , Braimah Haruna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus, has been frequently cited as the most challenging constraint to banana and plantain production, particularly in small‐scale (smallholder) farming. For the development of a new, low‐cost weevil management technology based on attractive host plant material, we previously identified (2R,5S)‐theaspirane as the active component of attractive senesced banana leaves. In this new study, we used behavioural (olfactometer) bioassays with adult weevils to compare the attractiveness of four different developmental stages of banana leaves, i.e. unfolding (pale green), matured green (deep green), matured yellowing and senesced, to determine which leaf developmental stage would be most appropriate for use in weevil management. We also investigated the attractiveness of senesced leaf extracts prepared using different solvents to determine which solvent would be most appropriate for local production of leaf extracts. Coupled gas chromatography–electroantennography (GC–EAG) was then used with adult weevils to confirm the presence of (2R,5S)‐theaspirane in attractive leaf extracts.RESULTSOf the leaf materials tested, only the odour of senesced leaf material was significantly attractive to adult weevils (P < 0.005). Furthermore, an extract of senesced material prepared using palm wine alcohol was significantly attractive (P < 0.05). Using coupled GC–EAG with weevil antennae, (2R,5S)‐theaspirane was identified as a minor component with strong EAG activity within the palm wine alcohol extract.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that palm wine alcohol extracts of senesced banana leaf material could be used to lure adultC. sordidusto traps in the field, as part of an ethnobotanical‐based approach forC. sordidusmanagement on smallholder farms. © 2018 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Reversal and momentum patterns in weekly stock returns: European evidence
Authors: Hühn Hannah Lea , Scholz Hendrik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe analyze short‐term reversal and medium‐term momentum patterns in weekly stock returns in Europe. Focusing on raw and stock‐specific returns, our empirical results show for both return specifications (a) a negative relation between weekly past returns and future returns in the short run and (b) a positive relation in the medium run. However, returns from reversal and momentum strategies based on stock‐specific returns are less volatile. In further analyses, we find short‐term reversal and medium‐term momentum patterns to be connected to stock characteristics. Looking at the potential causes of these effects, our results do not support the idea that short‐term reversal in weekly stock returns is due to an over‐ or underreaction to firm‐specific news nor that it is mainly driven by illiquidity. Medium‐term momentum in weekly stock returns, on the other hand, can be connected to behavioral biases. Our concluding tests confirm that our findings are robust among industries, in subperiods, for the January effect and in varying market states. Finally, while medium‐term momentum strategies remain profitable after accounting for transaction costs, short‐term reversal strategies can be mainly explained by transaction costs due to their high turnover.
Semi‐global leader‐following output consensus of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems with input saturation
Authors: Shi Liangren , Li Yuanlong , Lin Zongli 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the semi‐global leader‐following output consensus problem for a heterogeneous multi‐agent system with input saturation over a directed network on which the leader agent is globally reachable. By using the low gain feedback technique and the output regulation theory, we construct two consensus protocols, of the state feedback type and the output feedback type. In the state feedback case, a distributed leader state observer is constructed to estimate the leader state for each follower agent. In the output feedback case, follower agents are divided into two groups, namely, the informed follower agents that have access to the information of the leader agent and the uninformed follower agents that have not. Besides a distributed leader state observer that is designed for the uninformed agents, state observers are constructed for each follower agents. Based on these observers, the consensus protocols can solve the semi‐global leader‐following output consensus problem. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches.
H∞ mixed stabilization of nonlinear parameter‐varying systems
Authors: Fu Rong , Zeng Jianping , Duan Zhisheng 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis paper generalizes the existing finite‐time stability (FTS) analysis/synthesis research to nonlinear time‐varying systems in the nonlinear parameter‐varying (NPV) framework. Specifically, to guarantee both the transient and steady‐state performances for NPV systems with external disturbance and input constraints, concepts of mixed stability and mixed stability with H∞ disturbance attenuation are proposed, together with the corresponding analysis and synthesis methods. Differently from the existing FTS‐related works, the mixed stability in this paper consists of properties of uniform exponential stability in addition to FTS. Existence conditions for an nonlinear time‐varying controller to render an NPV system mixed stable with H∞ disturbance attenuation are given in terms of state‐and‐parameter–dependent linear matrix inequalities. The generalized S‐procedure is used to convexify the input constraints such that the resulting closed‐loop system satisfies the input constraints for any state starting from an admissible set. For the case that both parameters and state are subject to restricted regions, local synthesis results are also provided. All the conditions are in the form of state‐and‐parameter–dependent linear matrix inequalities, which can be efficiently solved by using sum‐of‐squares programming. A simulation example validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Treatment of twin‐reversed arterial perfusion sequence using high‐intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Seo K. , Ichizuka K. , Okai T. , Dohi S. , Nakamura M. , Hasegawa J. , Matsuoka R. , Yoshizawa S. , Umemura S.‐I. , Nagatsuka M. , Sekizawa A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe describe our experience of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for fetal therapy in twin‐reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence. Six pregnant women underwent HIFU therapy, five before 16 weeks and one at 26 weeks. Two types of HIFU system were used: the first‐generation system, which comprised a biaxial transducer and continuous exposure pattern, and the second‐generation system, which comprised a coaxial transducer and sequential exposure pattern. The first‐generation apparatus was used in four cases and the second‐generation apparatus was used in two. In three cases, occlusion of the blood vessels mediating flow to the acardiac twin was achieved by HIFU. Two cases experienced intrauterine fetal death despite vessel occlusion. The total survival rate of pump fetuses 2 years after HIFU was 67% and the efficiency rate (the proportion of cases with occlusion or reduced blood flow on ultrasound after HIFU) was 83%. After more than 2 years of follow‐up, the surviving infants had no severe clinical complications and no postnatal developmental problems. There was no significant difference in survival rate compared with TRAP cases managed expectantly. Given that complete occlusion of the blood vessels was not achieved in half of the cases, we could not show that HIFU therapy is superior to other treatments. However, HIFU can reduce the cardiac load of the pump fetus and, as it does not require uterine puncture for fetal therapy, there were no fatal complications, such as bleeding, rupture of membranes or infection. Thus, HIFU therapy may represent a less‐invasive treatment for TRAP sequence in early pregnancy. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.