bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membranes Fouling Propensity of PSF/GO Hollow Fiber Mixed Matrix Membranes for Water Treatment Ultrafiltration Application
Authors: Casetta Jeanne , Baldo Héloïse , Soussan Laurence , Pochat‐Bohatier Céline , Bechelany Mikhael , Miele Philippe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study focused on investigating the fouling propensity of polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber (HF) mixed matrix membranes modified with 1.0 wt % graphene oxide (GO). Through a comprehensive set of analyses including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA), and mechanical assessments, the structural characteristics and properties of both untreated and GO‐modified PSF HF membranes were thoroughly examined. The scope of evaluation encompassed filtration and separation experiments involving not only pure water but also a range of model contaminants with distinct sizes, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), E. coli bacteria, and oil‐in‐water emulsion. Remarkably, the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into the PSF HF membranes led to a substantial enhancement in their antifouling performance. The GO‐modified membranes exhibited an impressive recovery rate of over 90 % of their initial pure water flux during filtration experiments involving humic acid (HA) and oil, demonstrating their exceptional resistance to irreversible fouling. Moreover, the GO‐modified membranes exhibited superior oil separation efficiency, further underscoring their efficacy in real‐world separation applications. It is noteworthy that the fouling parameters in the case of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were relatively similar for both the unmodified and GO‐modified PSF HF membranes. This observation suggests that the introduction of graphene oxide might not significantly influence the interaction between the membrane and BSA molecules. Interestingly, while both types of PSF HF membranes displayed high retention capabilities for E. coli bacteria, the addition of graphene oxide did not result in any noticeable improvement in this regard.
Polymeric Ionic Liquid‐Enabled In Situ Protection of Li Anodes for High‐Performance Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Li Dan , Chen Qian , Li Rui , Hou Yaolin , Liu Yulong , Xie Haiming , Liu Jia , Zhu Jiefang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRedox mediators (RMs) have shown promise in enhancing Li‐O2 battery cycling stability by reducing overpotential. However, their application is hindered by the shuttle effect, leading to RM loss and Li anode corrosion. Here, we introduce a polyionic liquid, poly (1‐Butyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimine)) ([PBVIm]‐TFSI) as an additive, showcasing a novel Li anode protection strategy for LiI‐mediated Li‐O2 batteries. [PBVIm]+ cations migrate to the Li anode, forming a protective cationic shield that promotes uniform Li+ deposition. The addition of [PBVIm]‐TFSI enhances the cycling stability, achieving 105 cycles at 200 mA⋅g−1, compared to the cell with LiI which exhibited 38 cycles under the same conditions. Synchrotron X‐ray tomography reveals the evolution of this protective layer, providing insights into its formation mechanism, in conjunction with XPS analysis. Our findings offer a new approach to Li anode protection in Li‐O2 batteries, emphasizing the critical role of interfacial engineering for battery performance.
The Ethical Case for Decentralized Clinical Trials
Authors: Muyskens Kathryn , Teo Ivan Z. Y. , Menikoff Jerry , Schaefer G. Owen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe recent pandemic spurred interest in innovative design for clinical trials. In particular, constraints on the public's ability to gather led to an increase in remote or decentralized clinical trials (DCTs). DCTs present an opportunity to extend the benefits of research to underserved populations, decrease burdens, increase access to trials, and fill knowledge gaps surrounding rare conditions, though they are not without their own unique challenges and risks. These risks are far from irremediable, and the advantages are significant enough to merit attention. There is a scientific and moral case to increase the use of DCTs beyond the context of public health emergencies.
Parameter Optimization for Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys Joined Using Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing: A Screening Study
Authors: Kumaran Selvaraj Senthil , Manoj Akash L. , Mathew Alan B. , Govind Akash V. , Sundaramali Govindaswamy , Chadha Utkarsh , Vajipeyajula Bhaskar , Patterson Albert E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDue to the requirement for better strength‐to‐weight ratios, the utilisation of aluminum alloys is rapidly expanding. Lightweight components are of utmost importance in most industries, particularly in transportation, aviation, maritime, automotive, and other industries. These lightweight engineering materials are hard to be joined utilising traditional fusion joining techniques, necessitating the development of alternative joining techniques. The novel friction‐stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) technique, based on the concept of friction stir welding (FSW), can be used to combine aluminum alloys additively in their solid state. This work examines the effects of several process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool tilt angle, and tool transverse speed) on tensile strength and hardness using a 3‐factor L9 Taguchi designed experiment. Three cases were explored, one were AL 6061 was welded to AL 7075, one where AL 7075 was welded to AL 6061, and one where the data were mixed to get an “average” effect representative of large additively manufactured parts. A detailed ANOVA (including both main effects and interactions analyses) provided clear guidance on the optimization of the parameters for several objectives. This work will contribute to the development and wider use of FSAM in both industrial and academic research settings by providing a useful dataset and clear parameter selection guidance. The results of this research indicate that the FSAM methodology could be utilized to fabricate large defect‐free structures, which can be a suitable replacement for the traditional Al6061 material used in automotive and aerospace sectors.
Moving Target Detection in Clutter Environment Based on Track Posture Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Geng Lixiang , Zheng Qinglin , Zhang Chengbao , Hou Jiao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMoving target detection in a heavy clutter area is a challenging problem in the field of radar automatic target detection. Within the framework of track posture hypothesis testing, the radar‐blips‐oriented target detection algorithms named ErgSad and RanSaD are proposed for single target and formation targets detection, respectively in this paper. With the assumption that target motion is a linear Gaussian process in a short time, the algorithms use dual blips in different scans to generate the track hypothesis and test the hypothesis with residual blips in other scans to determine the existence of moving targets. To reduce time consumption and minimize the error of model estimation, the sampling rules and the supporting domain related to timestamps of track hypothesis models were designed. Simulation data experiments show that the proposed algorithms have more superior performance to detect targets than the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in the serious clutter environment.
Utilization of Fish Skin Gelatin for Nutritional Value Enhancement of Avocado‐Based Low‐Fat Ice Cream
Authors: Mada Hatsa Tanje , Jillo Dambe Genesho , Srinivasan Babuskin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGelatin is one of the most widely used food ingredients, with wide applications in the food industry as stabilizing, gelling, and foaming agents. Fish skin is the basic source of gelatin, which contains a high amount of protein. The results show that the proximate compositions (protein, fat, ash, moisture, fiber, carbohydrate, and total energy) of the optimized ice cream product with ingredient compositions of (30% milk, 40% avocado pulp, 10% sugar, 15% gelatin, and 5% cream) show values of 3.26 ± 0.35, 9.32 ± 0.22, 2.79 ± 0.02, 57.83 ± 0.14, 3.46 ± 0.24, 23.26 ± 0.71, and 190.54 ± 0.02, respectively. Also, the microbe load in the optimized ice cream product was not detected up to 1 week, while total plate count and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were starting to grow up after a week, and the results of panelists from sensory values indicate high acceptability of products with the aim of assessing the influence of fish skin gelatin on the nutritional values of avocado‐based low‐fat ice cream. Considering the results, gelatin has a significant effect on the nutritional and rheological properties of ice cream, specifically striking visibility on protein composition.
Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted From Foeniculum vulgare Miller Seeds Using Hydrodistillation, Steam Distillation, and Superheated Steam Distillation
Authors: Raza Muhammad Haseeb , Ayub Muhammad Adnan , Zubair Muhammad , Hussain Amjad , Saleem Samreen , Azam Muhammad Tauseef , Hussain Muzzamal , Memon Anjuman Gul , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , El‐Ghorab Ahmed H. , Mostafa Ehab M. , Al Jbawi Entessar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFoeniculum vulgare Miller is a highly valued aromatic and nutritious plant. The unique compositions of its essential oil make it more valuable in the flavor, fragrance, and medicinal industries. However, the potential of superheated steam distillation for obtaining essential oils from its seeds has not been explored in detail. This study assessed the composition, yield, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of essential oils distilled from F. vulgare seeds using traditional hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and superheated steam distillation. Superheated steam distillation resulted in the maximum quantity of essential oil (5.24%) compared to steam (3.47%) and hydrodistillation (2.47%). Trans‐anethole, fenchone, estragole, and limonene were the main identified by GC–MS analysis in the essential oils, and these compounds were abundant in the essential oil produced by superheated steam distillation. Essential oil distilled by superheated steam distillation presented the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pastrulla multocida, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. The highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, and Alternaria alternate was also demonstrated by the same essential oil. These findings demonstrated the potential of superheated steam distillation as a highly effective and efficient technique for distilling high‐quality essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare Miller seeds. It is suitable for various applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Differential Expression of Proteins and Genes at the Tumor‐Brain Interface in Invasive Meningioma
Authors: Senglek Kornwika , Teerapakpinyo Chinachote , Jittapiromsak Nutchawan , Jittapiromsak Pakrit , Lertparinyaphorn Irin , Thorner Paul Scott , Shuangshoti Shanop 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMost meningiomas are dural‐based extra‐axial tumors in close contact with the brain. Expression of genes and proteins at the tumor‐brain interface in brain‐invasive meningioma is basically unknown. Using the NanoString pan‐cancer panel, differential expression of genes in the invasive edge versus main tumor body was determined in 12 invasive meningiomas (comprising the discovery cohort), and 6 candidate genes: DTX1, RASGRF1, GRIN1, TNR, IL6, and NR4A1, were identified. By immunohistochemistry, DTX1 and RASGRF1 expression correlated with gene expression, and were studied in an expanded cohort of 21 invasive and 15 noninvasive meningiomas, together with Ki‐67. Significantly higher expression of DTX1, RASGFR1, and Ki‐67 was found in the invasive edge compared with the main tumor body. Increased expression of RASGRF1 and Ki‐67 was more clearly associated with brain invasion. The situation with DTX1 was less definitive since increased expression was observed in meningiomas both at the invasive edge and when in close contact with brain but without invasion. Pathway analyses identified significant links between DTX1 and RASGRF1 and key biological processes, including cell–cell adhesion, and signaling pathways including Notch, RAS, MAPK, and Rho. Higher expression of DTX1, RASGRF1, and Ki‐67 in the brain‐invasive area of meningiomas suggests that these proteins play a role in the process of brain invasion.
IoT‐Based Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring System and Validation of Its Effectiveness in Hospital Environments
Authors: Wu Ju‐Yu , Lin Yi‐Chun , Lee Shu‐Yuan , Chen Cheng‐Pin , Cheng Shu‐Hsing , Cheng Chien‐Yu , Ching Congo Tak Shing , Wang Hui‐Min David , Yeh Chu‐Chun , Chen Wei J. , Chen Wei‐Wen , Liao Lun‐De 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHealthcare‐associated infection (HAI) is the most common adverse medical event that affects patients. Internationally, healthcare workers (HCWs) are monitored for hand hygiene compliance to reduce HAI risk. While direct observation is considered the gold standard for monitoring, it has several disadvantages. To address this, the study focused on developing a comprehensive hand hygiene system that integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) hand hygiene with soap and water (HHW) and alcohol‐based formulation (HHA) monitoring, incorporates real‐time data visualization on a web interface to track HCWs' hand hygiene practices, and provides instant calculations of compliance and accuracy rates. This IoT system uses Bluetooth for HCW positioning and HHW detection, ultrasonic sensors for handwashing duration, and pressure sensors for HHA detection. Furthermore, a cloud server, database, and website are established to manage and display the data received by the IoT devices. To reduce HAI in Taiwan, hospitals must provide both HHW and HHA systems, and HCWs can choose either method when hand hygiene is necessary. The system achieved 72% accuracy in clinical practice within an adult intensive care unit (ICU).
Comparing 30 Versus 60 min Cognitively Loaded Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function and Physical Health in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Sung‐Hyeon , Shin Ho‐Jin , Baek Ji‐Eun , Park Ji Young , Kim May , Hahm Suk‐Chan , Cho Hwi‐Young 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a mild decline in cognitive function and represents a risk stage for dementia in community‐dwelling older adults. Exercise and dual‐task training have been used to improve physical health, psychosocial health, and cognitive and learning functions in various subjects. However, the optimal time for these interventions has yet to be clearly identified. This study investigated the effects of cognitively loaded physical exercise (CLPE) on cognitive function and physical health in community‐dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment and compared the differences according to exercise time.MethodsFifty‐one community‐dwelling aged 60 years or older with MCI were randomly assigned to 30‐min CLPE (30CLPE, n = 17), 60‐min CLPE (60CLPE, n = 17), and control (n = 17) groups. The CLPE program consisted of a twice‐weekly exercise program for 8 weeks. During the exercise, a dual task was performed to assess cognitive load. The control group performed a typical exercise program at a dementia center during the same period. The Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate cognitive function, and various physical health factors were assessed using the handgrip dynamometer and pinch gauge, Senior Fitness Test, dynamic and static balance abilities, and gait variables.ResultsAfter the intervention, both the 30CLPE and 60CLPE groups showed significant improvements in cognitive function, upper limb strength, senior fitness, balance, and gait (p < 0.05), while the control group showed no significant changes in any of the variables (p > 0.05). In between‐group comparisons, both CLPE groups showed significantly improved cognitive and physical functions compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the 30 CLPE and 60 CLPE groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that cognitively loaded physical exercise is effective in improving cognitive and physical function in individuals with MCI. Both the 30‐min and 60‐min sessions resulted in significant improvements, with no statistically significant differences observed between the two durations. This suggests that persistence and consistency of exercise may be more important than the duration of individual sessions.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials.gov: KCT0009053
Non‐invasive Assessment of Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Resting‐State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and Age‐Related White Matter Lesions
Authors: Khalil Ahmed , Asseyer Susanna , Rust Rebekka , Schmitz‐Hübsch Tanja , Fiebach Jochen B. , Paul Friedemann , Chien Claudia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPerfusion changes in white matter (WM) lesions and normal‐appearing brain regions play an important pathophysiological role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, most perfusion imaging methods require exogenous contrast agents, the repeated use of which is discouraged. Using resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), we aimed to investigate differences in perfusion between white matter lesions and normal‐appearing brain regions in MS and healthy participants. A total of 41 MS patients and 41 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy participants received rs‐fMRI, from which measures of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation were extracted and compared across brain regions and study groups using within‐ and between‐group nonparametric tests, linear mixed models, and robust multiple linear regression. We found longer blood arrival times and lower blood volumes in lesions than in normal‐appearing WM. Higher blood volumes were found in MS patients' deep WM lesions compared to healthy participants, and blood arrival time was more delayed in MS patients' deep WM lesions than in healthy participants. Delayed blood arrival time in the cortical grey matter was associated with greater cognitive impairment in MS patients. Perfusion imaging using rs‐fMRI is useful for WM lesion characterization. rs‐fMRI‐based blood arrival times and volumes are associated with cognitive function.
Additional Cover
Authors: Sharbel Daniel , Lin Chen , Topf Michael C. , Mannion Kyle 
Published: November 2024

Additional Cover: The cover image is based on the article The internal mammary artery perforator flap in pharyngoesophageal, cervical tracheal, and cutaneous neck reconstruction by Daniel Sharbel MD et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27769.
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Improvements in Hemodynamics and Right Heart Remodeling Following Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty Treatment in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shen Qi‐Le , Zhao Qin‐Hua , Li Hui‐Ting , Deng Jie , He Jing , Wang Lan , Gong Su‐Gang , Liu Jin‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic alterations and right heart remodeling dynamics in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) undergoing treatment with balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved a cohort of 31 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CTEPH. Comprehensive clinical evaluations were systematically performed before BPA, and at 3 and 6 months following the procedure.ResultsSignificant clinical progress was evidenced by the uplift in the percentage of patients achieving WHO‐FC II, escalating from 19.35% at baseline to 51.61% at 6 months after BPA (p = 0.003). NT‐proBNP levels significantly dropped from a median of 614.6 to 69.9 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Hemodynamic assessments showed significant decreases in mean PAP from 45.53 ± 11.19 to 22.56 ± 5.81 mmHg (p < 0.001) and PVR from 8.33 to 2.86 WU (p < 0.001). Echocardiographic analysis revealed substantial reductions in the right atrial area (RAA, from 20.29 ± 7.55 to 16.79 ± 4.82 cm2, p < 0.001) and right ventricular internal diameter (RVID, from 4.13 ± 0.79 to 3.68 ± 0.59 cm, p = 0.001) at the 3‐month interval post‐BPA. These improvements were sustained or even enhanced by the 6‐month mark, with RAA and RVID further diminishing (to 14.46 ± 3.78 cm2 and 3.29 ± 0.54 cm, respectively; both p < 0.01). The TAPSE/PASP ratios showed progressive improvement from baseline (0.32 ± 0.13) to 3 months (0.42 ± 0.13) and continued to improve at 6 months following BPA (0.50 ± 0.11, p = 0.04 compared to 3 months post‐BPA).ConclusionBPA has significantly ameliorated clinical conditions, hemodynamic profiles, and initiated a continued reversal in right heart remodeling in patients with CTEPH.
Identifying Subsurface Connectivity From Observations: Experimentation With Equifinality Defines Both Challenges and Pathways to Progress
Authors: Bishop Kevin , Ameli Ali , Grabs Thomas , Laudon Hjalmar , Amvrosiadi Nino , Kolbe Tamara , Seibert Jan , van Meerveld Ilja 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLinkages between landscapes and streams are increasingly described in terms of hydrological connectivity. The ability to effectively distinguish different patterns of water movement through catchments makes connectivity particularly interesting to both scientists and practical water managers. Hydrometric data (groundwater levels, soil moisture and streamflow) are often employed to infer the connection between the landscape and its drainage network. Such observational data, however, are insufficient to infer subsurface connectivity in humid settings with perennial stream flow, due to the risk of equifinality. To quantify how much subsurface flow patterns can differ and still be consistent (equifinal) with comprehensive observations of hillslope groundwater levels and stream runoff (the hydrometric data), this study used a modelling experiment based on a well‐characterised field site. Particle‐tracking simulations at different flow rates defined the water flow paths and transit times of two virtual hillslopes that differed profoundly in the vertical distribution of the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Even though the simulated weekly stream flows and groundwater levels were similar (i.e., the hillslopes were hydrometrically equifinal) particle velocities and water ages at specific locations along these hillslopes differed by orders of magnitude. Flow path lengths and catchment transit times varied up to several 100%. The hillslope‐ and stream‐based metrics used to describe connectivity also varied with stream flow rates. These results underline the need to recognise the risks for equifinality when inferring subsurface connectivity from hydrometric observations alone, even when those observations are comprehensive. The results also highlight the value of model simulations for quantifying the uncertainty in the inferred connectivity, targeting the best sampling locations/times to reduce this uncertainty with tracer data and better understanding the way connectivity influences stream chemistry.