bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motorcyclists’ awareness and understanding of traffic signs for traffic safety in Yogyakarta
Authors: Purnamasari P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Yogyakarta is not only well-known as a student city in Indonesia, but it is also famous as a national and international tourist destination. These factors result in a significant increase in road use year-after-year. However, the road length could not keep up with this development. It should be noted that more than 75% of road users in this city consist of motorcyclists. To travel safely, one should have good awareness and follows the traffic signs. This study was conducted by distributing 190 questionnaires to common people; online-transportation drivers and students who drive motorcycles, the goal was to examine their understanding of the existing 32 traffic signs and to observe road users’ awareness of their obedience of existing prohibition signs. The study results indicated that the average percentages of drivers who have the correct understanding of 32 traffic signs is 77.11%. Based on gender, the total understanding in male respondents was 76.25% and in female respondents was 79.72%. Despite of good understanding of the prohibition signs, there was 304 violations from the motorbike riders in one-hour observation.
Styles of Sovereignty: Parataxis, Settler–Indigenous Difference, and the Transnationalisms of the Great Basin
Authors: Donahue Timothy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis essay shows how literary parataxis serves as an engine of transnational thought in the nineteenth-century North American West. I focus, in particular, on how Mark Twain’s Roughing It (1872) and Sarah Winnemucca’s Life Among the Piutes (1883) employ paratactic forms to present the Great Basin as a space where no single nation rules as sovereign. Amidst US settler colonialism, I argue, such paratactic aesthetics prove politically double-edged. While parataxis’ tendency to destabilize hierarchies allows the form to undermine US claims to sovereignty, the same deconstructive proclivity can occlude Indigenous political distinction and historical priority. Twain and Winnemucca respond to this aesthetic scenario differently, and their writing, consequently, presents competing conceptions of transnationalism. Twain’s unchecked embrace of paratactic forms yields a transnational vision whose emphasis on social movement and mixture proves antithetical to Indigenous sovereignty. Winnemucca, by contrast, employs a modulated parataxis in order to locate the transnational in collisions of countervailing polities and thereby better represents the political standing and agency of the Paiute people. Winnemucca’s accounts of her work as a translator, I further argue, suggest that amidst such collisions, political sovereignty takes a distinctive shape, as a relational and comparative project.
Contrary to Myth, Older Adults Multitask With Media and Technologies, But Studying Their Multitasking Behaviors Can Be Challenging
Authors: Kononova Anastasia , Joshi Pradnya , Cotten Shelia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The study’s objective was to explore older adults’ (aged 65 or older) descriptions of behavior related to multitasking with traditional and newer media/information and communication technologies (ICTs) and perceived benefits of such behavior, along with older adults’ preference for research methods used to study their multitasking behaviors. Employing common media-use measures that heavily rely on self-reporting in populations of older adults is challenging, especially given that patterns of media/ICT use are becoming increasingly complex. Cumulatively, people spend more time using media than they are aware of because of the tendency to use some forms of media simultaneously. As cognitive ability deteriorates with age, self-reported recollection of complex patterns of media/ICT use, such as multitasking, among older adults increases the threat to data accuracy.
Research Design and Methods:  Twenty-eight community-dwelling older adults in a Midwestern U.S. state participated in in-depth interviews (average length was 40 minutes) to discuss their use of traditional and newer media/technologies in combination with other activities and outline methods researchers should use to study such behaviors.

Results
Participants reported they engaged in multitasking behaviors similar to those of younger generations, with the difference in the higher extent of using traditional media and ICTs. They talked about multitasking with radio and television for “background noise” as being a rewarding experience. They perceived the effects of multitasking to be detrimental to attention and performance and attributed this media-use habit to individual psychological and demographic differences. They preferred ethnographic observation and keeping a paper-and-pencil diary as research methods to study multitasking among their peers. Data-logging methods were less popular because they raised privacy concerns among interviewees.

Discussion and Implications
Different types of traditional and newer media and technologies could be used differently in situations that require older adults to focus, relax, or be efficient. The findings suggest that future researchers strive for a compromise between data access and data accuracy when they select a research method to study media use among older adults.
Application of three-dimensional acoustic telemetry to assess the effects of rapid recompression on reef fish discard mortality
Authors: Bohaboy Erin Collings , Guttridge Tristan L , Hammerschlag Neil , Van Zinnicq Bergmann Maurits P M , Patterson William F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Geopositioning underwater acoustic telemetry was used to test whether rapid recompression with weighted return-to-depth (descender) devices reduced discard mortality of red snapper (n = 141) and gray triggerfish (n = 26) captured and released at 30–60 m depths at two 15 km2 study sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Cox proportional hazards modelling indicated red snapper released with descender devices had significantly lower discard mortality within the first 2 d (95% CI = 18.8–41.8% for descender-released vs. 44.0–72.4% for surface-released, unvented fish), while there was no significant effect of descender devices on discard mortality of gray triggerfish. Predation by large pelagic predators was estimated to account 83% of red snapper and 100% of gray triggerfish discard mortality. Discard mortality due to predation has likely been overlooked in previous mark-recapture, laboratory, and enclosure studies, suggesting cryptic population losses due to predation on discards may be underestimated for red snapper and gray triggerfish. Large-area three-dimensional positioning acoustic telemetry arrays combined with collaboration and data sharing among acoustic telemetry researchers have the potential to advance our knowledge of the processes affecting discard mortality in reef fishes and other taxa.
Numerical approach for evaluating impacts of biological uncertainties on estimates of stock–recruitment relationships in elasmobranchs: example of the North Pacific shortfin mako
Authors: Kai Mikihiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImpacts of biological uncertainties on estimates of stock–recruitment relationships (SRRs) in elasmobranchs such as lamniform sharks were evaluated using a numerical approach based on an age-structured model considering reproductive ecology in elasmobranchs. The values of steepness were estimated using several combinations of life history parameters for North Pacific shortfin mako to elucidate whether the numerical approach could identify reasonable values for fundamental life history parameters as well as steepness. The results of the numerical approach indicated that the mean values of steepness and their 95% confidence intervals were highly sensitive to combinations of values for growth rate, maturity ogive, longevity, reproductive cycle, and natural mortality rate. Meanwhile, the most plausible combinations of the biological parameters and values of steepness were identified based on the numerical approach with biological knowledge. The mean values and their standard deviation (SD) for steepness with the Beverton-Holt-SRR model were 0.353 (SD=0.057) and 0.273 (SD=0.046) for 2- and 3-year reproductive cycles, respectively. The numerical approach therefore has high potential to become an important tool for estimating SRR in elasmobranchs such as lamniform sharks, and the application of this approach to other elasmobranchs could greatly contribute to improvements in stock assessment and management.
Performance evaluation of data-limited, length-based stock assessment methods
Authors: Chong Lisa , Mildenberger Tobias K , Rudd Merrill B , Taylor Marc H , Cope Jason M , Branch Trevor A , Wolff Matthias , Stäbler Moritz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Performance evaluation of data-limited, length-based methods is instrumental in determining and quantifying their accuracy under various scenarios and in providing guidance about model applicability and limitations. We conducted a simulation–estimation analysis to compare the performance of four length-based stock assessment methods: length-based Thompson and Bell (TB), length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR), length-based integrated mixed effects (LIME), and length-based risk analysis (LBRA), under varying life history, exploitation status, and recruitment error scenarios. Across all scenarios, TB and LBSPR were the most consistent and accurate assessment methods. LBRA is highly biased, but precautionary, and LIME is more suitable for assessments with time-series longer than a year. All methods have difficulties when assessing short-lived species. The methods are less accurate in estimating the degree of recruitment overfishing when the stocks are severely overexploited, and inconsistent in determining growth overfishing when the stocks are underexploited. Increased recruitment error reduces precision but can decrease bias in estimations. This study highlights the importance of quantifying the accuracy of stock assessment methods and testing methods under different scenarios to determine their strengths and weaknesses and provides guidance on which methods to employ in various situations.
Faecal carriage, risk factors, acquisition and persistence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs and cats and co-carriage with humans belonging to the same household
Authors: van den Bunt G , Fluit A C , Spaninks M P , Timmerman A J , Geurts Y , Kant A , Scharringa J , Mevius D , Wagenaar J A , Bonten M J M , van Pelt W , Hordijk J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are observed in many reservoirs. Pets might play an important role in the dissemination of ESBL-E to humans since they live closely together.ObjectivesTo identify prevalence, risk factors, molecular characteristics, persistence and acquisition of ESBL-E in dogs and cats, and co-carriage in human–pet pairs belonging to the same household.MethodsIn a nationwide study, one person per household was randomly invited to complete a questionnaire and to submit a faecal sample. Dog and cat owners were invited to also submit a faecal sample from their pet. Repeated sampling after 1 and 6 months was performed in a subset. ESBL-E were obtained through selective culture and characterized by WGS. Logistic regression analyses and random forest models were performed to identify risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence of ESBL-E carriage in these cohorts was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.7%–5.4%) for human participants (n=550), 10.7% (95% CI: 8.3%–13.7%) for dogs (n=555) and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.5%–3.8%) for cats (n=285). Among animals, blaCTX-M-1 was most abundant, followed by blaCTX-M-15. In dogs, persistence of carriage was 57.1% at 1 month and 42.9% at 6 months. Eating raw meat [OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 4.7–16.4; population attributable risk (PAR): 46.5%, 95% CI: 41.3%–49.3%] and dry food (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.5; PAR: 56.5%, 95% CI: 33.2%–66.6%) were predictors for ESBL-E carriage in dogs. Human–dog co-carriage was demonstrated in five households. Human–cat co-carriage was not observed.ConclusionsESBL-E prevalence was higher in dogs than in humans and lowest in cats. The main risk factor for ESBL-E carriage was eating raw meat. Co-carriage in dogs and household members was uncommon.
Black hole–neutron star mergers from triples – II. The role of metallicity and spin–orbit misalignment
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Observations of black hole–neutron star (BH–NS) mergers via gravitational waves (GWs) are of great interest for their electromagnetic counterparts, such as short gamma-ray bursts, and could provide crucial information on the nature of BHs and the NS crust and magnetosphere. While no event has been confirmed, a recent possible detection of a BH–NS merger event by the LIGO–Virgo collaboration has attracted a lot of attention to these sources. In this second paper of the series, we follow-up our study of the dynamical evolution of triples composed of an inner BH–NS binary. In particular, we examine how the progenitor metallicity affects the characteristics of the BH–NS mergers in triples. We determine the distributions of masses, orbital parameters, and merger times, as a function of the progenitor metallicity and initial triple orbital distributions, and show that the typical eccentricity in the LIGO band is ∼10−2–10−1. We derive a merger rate range of ΓBH–NS = 1.9 × 10−4–22 Gpc−3 yr−1, consistent the LIGO–Virgo upper limit. Finally, we study the expected spin–orbit misalignments of merging BH–NS binaries from this channel, and find that typically the effective spin distribution is peaked at χeff ∼ 0 with significant tails.
FBXO47 regulates telomere-inner nuclear envelope integration by stabilizing TRF2 during meiosis
Authors: Hua Rong , Wei Huafang , Liu Chao , Zhang Yue , Liu Siyu , Guo Yueshuai , Cui Yiqiang , Zhang Xin , Guo Xuejiang , Li Wei , Liu Mingxi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring meiosis, telomere attachment to the inner nuclear envelope is required for proper pairing of homologous chromosomes and recombination. Here, we identified F-box protein 47 (FBXO47) as a regulator of the telomeric shelterin complex that is specifically expressed during meiotic prophase I. Knockout of Fbxo47 in mice leads to infertility in males. We found that the Fbxo47 deficient spermatocytes are unable to form a complete synaptonemal complex. FBXO47 interacts with TRF1/2, and the disruption of Fbxo47 destabilizes TRF2, leading to unstable telomere attachment and slow traversing through the bouquet stage. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of FBXO47 in telomeric shelterin subunit stabilization during meiosis.
Developmental Exposure to PCB153 (2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-Hexachlorobiphenyl) Alters Circadian Rhythms and the Expression of Clock and Metabolic Genes
Authors: Aluru Neelakanteswar , Krick Keegan S , McDonald Adriane M , Karchner Sibel I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly persistent and ubiquitously distributed environmental pollutants. Based on their chemical structure, PCBs are classified into non-ortho-substituted and ortho-substituted congeners. Non-ortho-substituted PCBs are structurally similar to dioxin and their toxic effects and mode of action are well-established. In contrast, very little is known about the effects of ortho-substituted PCBs, particularly, during early development. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of exposure to an environmentally prominent ortho-substituted PCB (2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexachlorobiphenyl; PCB153) on zebrafish embryos. We exposed zebrafish embryos to 3 different concentrations of PCB153 starting from 4 to 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf). We quantified gross morphological changes, behavioral phenotypes, gene expression changes, and circadian behavior in the larvae. There were no developmental defects during the exposure period, but starting at 7 dpf, we observed spinal deformity in the 10 μM PCB153 treated group. A total of 633, 2227, and 3378 differentially expressed genes were observed in 0.1 μM (0.036 μg/ml), 1 μM (0.36 μg/ml), and 10 μM (3.6 μg/ml) PCB153-treated embryos, respectively. Of these, 301 genes were common to all treatment groups. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of genes related to circadian rhythm, FoxO signaling, and insulin resistance pathways. Behavioral analysis revealed that PCB153 exposure significantly alters circadian behavior. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with the development of metabolic and neurological diseases. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of action of environmental chemicals in disrupting metabolism and other physiological processes is essential.
Important Roles of Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization in Coronary Microcirculation and Cardiac Diastolic Function in Mice
Authors: Ikumi Yosuke , Shiroto Takashi , Godo Shigeo , Saito Hiroki , Tanaka Shuhei , Ito Akiyo , Kajitani Shoko , Monma Yuto , Miyata Satoshi , Tsutsui Masato , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factor is one of endothelium-derived relaxing factors and plays important roles especially in microvessels. We have previously demonstrated that endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an EDH factor produced by all types of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), including endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), and inducible NOS. Recent studies have suggested the association between coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac diastolic dysfunction. However, the role of EDH in this issue remains to be fully elucidated. We thus examined whether EDH plays an important role in coronary microcirculation and if so, whether endothelial dysfunction, especially impaired EDH, is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in mice. Using a Langendorff-perfused heart experiment, we examined the increase in coronary flow in response to bradykinin in the presence of indomethacin and N
ω-nitro-l-arginine (EDH condition) in wild-type, eNOS-knockout (KO), and nNOS/eNOS-double-KO mice. Compared with wild-type mice, EDH-mediated relaxations were increased in eNOS-KO mice but were significantly reduced in n/eNOS-KO mice. Catalase, a specific H2O2 scavenger, markedly inhibited EDH-mediated relaxations in all 3 genotypes, indicating compensatory roles of nNOS-derived H2O2 as an EDH factor in coronary microcirculation. Although both eNOS-KO and n/eNOS-KO mice exhibited similar extents of cardiac morphological changes, only n/eNOS-KO mice exhibited cardiac diastolic dysfunction. The expression of oxidized protein kinase G I-α (PKGIα) in the heart was significantly increased in eNOS-KO mice compared with n/eNOS-KO mice. These results indicate that EDH/H2O2 plays important roles in maintaining coronary microcirculation and cardiac diastolic function through oxidative PKGIα activation.
Berberine Attenuates Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophage Foam Cells by Suppressing AP-1 Activity and Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Yang Xue-Juan , Liu Fang , Feng Na , Ding Xue-Song , Chen Yong , Zhu Shuang-Xi , Yang Ling-Chao , Feng Xiang-Fei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation condition resulting from the interaction between lipoproteins, monocyte-derived macrophages, T lymphocytes, and other cellular elements in the arterial wall. Macrophage-derived foam cells play a key role in both early and advanced stage of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that berberine could inhibit foam cell formation and prevent experimental atherosclerosis. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In this study, we explored the cholesterol-lowering effects of berberine in macrophage-derived foam cells and investigated its possible mechanisms in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrated that berberine could inhibit atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and induce cholesterol reduction as well as decrease the content of macrophages. Berberine can regulate oxLDL uptake and cholesterol efflux, thus suppresses foam cell formation. Mechanisms study showed that berberine can suppress scavenger receptor expression via inhibiting the activity of AP-1 and upregulate ATP-binding cassette transporter via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in human macrophage. In summary, berberine significantly inhibits atherosclerotic disease development by regulating lipid homeostasis and suppressing macrophage foam cell formation.
Functional connectivity of the amygdala is linked to individual differences in emotional pain facilitation
Authors: Gandhi Wiebke , Rosenek Norma R. , Harrison Richard , Salomons Tim V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The amygdala is central to emotional processing of sensory stimuli, including pain. Because recent findings suggest that individual differences in emotional processes play a part in the development of chronic pain, a better understanding of the individual patterns of functional connectivity that makes individuals susceptible to emotionally modulated facilitation of pain is needed. We therefore investigated the neural correlates of individual differences in emotional pain facilitation using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) with an amygdala seed. Thirty-seven participants took part in 3 separate sessions, during which pain sensitivity was tested (session 1), participants underwent rs-fMRI (session 2), and emotional pain modulation was assessed (session 3). The amygdala served as seed for the rs-fMRI analysis, and whole-brain voxel-wise connectivity was tested. Pain modulatory scores were entered as regressor for the group analysis. Stronger connectivity of the amygdala to S1/M1, S2/operculum, and posterior parietal cortex at rest characterized individuals who showed greater pain facilitation by negative emotions. When comparing the amygdala networks associated with pain unpleasantness and with pain-intensity modulation, most of the identified areas were equally related to either pain rating type; only amygdala connectivity to S1/M1 was found to predict pain-intensity modulation specifically. We demonstrate that trait-like patterns of functional connectivity between amygdala and cortical regions involved in sensory and motor responses are associated with the individual amplitude of pain facilitation by negative emotional states. Our results are an early step toward improved understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to individual differences in emotional pain modulation.