bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Coat the Inside of Narrow and Long Tubes with a Super‐Liquid‐Repellent Layer—A Promising Candidate for Antibacterial Catheters
Authors: Geyer Florian , D'Acunzi Maria , Yang Ching‐Yu , Müller Michael , Baumli Philipp , Kaltbeitzel Anke , Mailänder Volker , Encinas Noemí , Vollmer Doris , Butt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFouling of thin tubes is a major problem, leading to various infections and associated morbidities, while cleaning is difficult or even impossible. Here, a generic method is introduced to activate and coat the inside of meter‐long and at the same time thin (down to 1 mm) tubes with a super‐liquid‐repellent layer of nanofilaments, exhibiting even antibacterial properties. Activation is facilitated by pumping an oxidative Fenton solution through the tubes. Subsequent pumping of a silane solution renders the surface of the tubes super‐liquid‐repellent. The wide applicability of the method is demonstrated by coating stiff and flexible tubes made of polymers, inorganic/organic hybrids, metals, and ceramics. Coated medical catheters show excellent antibacterial properties. Notably, the nanofilaments retain their antibacterial properties even in the superhydrophilic state. These findings open new avenues toward the design of biocide‐free, antibacterial tubings and catheters.
Scavenging Materials to Stabilize LiPF6‐Containing Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Jung‐Gu , Kim Koeun , Lee Yongwon , Choi Nam‐Soon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn conjunction with electrolyte additives used for tuning the interfacial structures of electrodes, functional materials that eliminate or deactivate reactive substances generated by the degradation of LiPF6‐containing electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries offer a wide range of electrolyte formulation opportunities. Herein, the recent advancements in the development of: (i) scavengers with high selectivity and affinity toward unwanted species and (ii) promoters of ion‐paired LiPF6 dissociation are highlighted, showing that the utilization of the above additives can effectively mitigate the problem of electrolyte instability that commonly results in battery performance degradation and lifetime shortening. A deep mechanistic understanding of LiPF6‐containing electrolyte failure and the action of currently developed additives is demonstrated to enable the rational design of effective scavenging materials and thus allow the fabrication of highly reliable batteries.
Strongly Coupled Nickel–Cobalt Nitrides/Carbon Hybrid Nanocages with Pt‐Like Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Lai Jianping , Huang Bolong , Chao Yuguang , Chen Xu , Guo Shaojun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDesigning non‐precious‐metal catalysts with comparable mass activity to state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution still remains a significant challenge. Herein a new strongly coupled nickel–cobalt nitrides/carbon complex nanocage (NiCoNzocage) is rationally designed via chemical etching of ZIF‐67 nanocubes with Ni(NO3)2 under sonication at room temperature, following nitridation. The as‐prepared strongly coupled NiCoN/C nanocages exhibit a mass activity of 0.204 mA µg−1 at an overpotential of 200 mV for the HER in alkaline solution, which is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C (0.451 mA µg−1). The strongly coupled NiCoN/C nanocages also possess superior stability for the HER with negligible current loss under the overpotentials of 200 mV for 10 h. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the excellent HER performance under alkaline condition arises from the robust Co2+→Co0 transformation achieved by strong (Ni, Co)N‐bonding‐induced efficient d‐p‐d coupled electron transfer, which is a key for optimal initial water adsorption and splitting. The high degree of amorphization urges the C‐sites to be an electron‐pushing bath to promote the inter‐layer/sites electron‐transfer with loss of the orbital‐selection‐forbidden‐rule, which uniformly boosts the surface catalytic activities up to a high level independent of the individual surface active sites.
Ionic‐Liquid Doping Enables High Transconductance, Fast Response Time, and High Ion Sensitivity in Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Wu Xihu , Surendran Abhijith , Ko Jieun , Filonik Oliver , Herzig Eva M. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Leong Wei Lin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are highly attractive for applications ranging from circuit elements and neuromorphic devices to transducers for biological sensing, and the archetypal channel material is poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS. The operation of OECTs involves the doping and dedoping of a conjugated polymer due to ion intercalation under the application of a gate voltage. However, the challenge is the trade‐off in morphology for mixed conduction since good electronic charge transport requires a high degree of ordering among PEDOT chains, while efficient ion uptake and volumetric doping necessitates open and loose packing of the polymer chains. Ionic‐liquid‐doped PEDOT:PSS that overcomes this limitation is demonstrated. Ionic‐liquid‐doped OECTs show high transconductance, fast transient response, and high device stability over 3600 switching cycles. The OECTs are further capable of having good ion sensitivity and robust toward physical deformation. These findings pave the way for higher performance bioelectronics and flexible/wearable electronics.
An Artificial Nocturnal Flower via Humidity‐Gated Photoactuation in Liquid Crystal Networks
Authors: Wani Owies M. , Verpaalen Rob , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBeyond their colorful appearances and versatile geometries, flowers can self‐shape‐morph by adapting to environmental changes. Such responses are often regulated by a delicate interplay between different stimuli such as temperature, light, and humidity, giving rise to the beauty and complexity of the plant kingdom. Nature inspires scientists to realize artificial systems that mimic their natural counterparts in function, flexibility, and adaptation. Yet, many of the artificial systems demonstrated to date fail to mimic the adaptive functions, due to the lack of multi‐responsivity and sophisticated control over deformation directionality. Herein, a new class of liquid‐crystal‐network (LCN) photoactuators whose response is controlled by delicate interplay between light and humidity is presented. Using a novel deformation mechanism in LCNs, humidity‐gated photoactuation, an artificial nocturnal flower is devised that is closed under daylight conditions when the humidity level is low and/or the light level is high, while it opens in the dark when the humidity level is high. The humidity‐gated photoactuators can be fueled with lower light intensities than conventional photothermal LCN actuators. This, combined with facile control over the speed, geometry, and directionality of movements, renders the “nocturnal actuator” promising for smart and adaptive bioinspired microrobotics.
Hydrocolloid Inks for 3D Printing of Porous Hydrogels
Authors: Sears Nicholas A. , Wilems Thomas S. , Gold Karli A. , Lan Ziyang , Cereceres Stacy N. , Dhavalikar Prachi S. , Foudazi Reza , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new methodology is presented for generating hydrocolloid inks, emulsions of hydrogel precursor solutions with mineral oil, for solid freeform fabrication of porous hydrogel scaffolds. These hydrocolloid inks exhibit viscoplastic behavior and rapid photopolymerization that permit high fidelity printing of complex geometries. Hydrocolloid inks based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate are utilized to fabricate custom scaffolds using open source 3D printing software and customized paste extruder with cure‐on‐dispense capabilities. Scaffolds exhibit a hierarchical porosity from the microscale emulsion templated pores to the macroscale lattice structure and geometry programmed into the printing process. The extensibility of this system is also demonstrated by creating hydrocolloid inks from a range of natural hydrogel solutions including cellulose, gelatin, alginate, and hyaluronic acid. Unlike other methods of modulating hydrogel rheology to increase printability, these versatile hydrocolloid inks enable high fidelity printing of hydrogels without relying on high polymer concentrations or complex polymerization mechanisms.
3D Photoluminescent Nanostructures Containing Quantum Dots Fabricated by Two‐Photon Polymerization: Influence of Quantum Dots on the Spatial Resolution of Laser Writing
Authors: Peng Ying , Jradi Safi , Yang Xuyong , Dupont Maxime , Hamie Fatima , Dinh Xuan Quyen , Sun Xiao Wei , Xu Tao , Bachelot Renaud 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) films or layers are extensively used for various photonic and electronic applications since recent decades. Three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures are the elegant fashion in micro‐optics, microfluidics, biomedicine, and imaging. In particular, 3D photoluminescent nanostructures play an important role in detection and sensing as well as emitting systems. In this work, 3D photoluminescent structures containing QDs with feature sizes down to 80 nm are fabricated via two‐photon polymerization‐based direct laser writing. The photoluminescent images and emission spectra show strong local emission of blue, green, and red light from the polymer micro and nanostructures. The influence of the QDs, laser power, and writing scan speed on the resolution of the as‐prepared structures is also investigated. It turns out that the presence of QDs increases the lateral resolution where the feature size of polymer lines can reach 75 nm in 3D. This promising result paves the way for the integration of single nano‐emitters with a fine control of their spatial positioning in some nanophotonic devices.
New Aspects of Recently Developed Rhodium(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Catalyzed Organic Transformations
Authors: Lee Jooyeon , Hahm Hyungwoo , Kwak Jaesung , Kim Min 
Published: November 2018

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) compounds have attracted significant attention as ligands for transition metal catalysis and organometallic complexes. Over the last two decades, among the various transition metals, ruthenium‐NHC‐type metathesis catalysts and palladium‐NHC‐based cross‐coupling catalysts have been extensively studied and developed. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence in developing NHC complexes of group 9 metals (Co, Rh, and Ir) for their use in organic transformations. This review specifically focuses on the advances in rhodium‐NHC catalysts. From the classical NHC ligands to the most recently developed CAAC (cyclic alkyl amino carbene)‐type ligands, the impact of using NHC ligands for increasing activity and enhancing selectivity across multiple reactions is discussed. We address the recent achievements in Rh(NHC) catalysis, which include (i) reactions involving rhodium hydride species, (ii) cross‐coupling reactions, (iii) bond cleavage reactions, and (iv) reduction reactions. Mechanistic insights based on the active catalytic species and a discussion about harnessing their unique reactivity for the future development of rhodium catalysis are given.magnified image
Access to 3‐(2‐Oxoalkyl)‐azaspiro[4.5]trienones via Acid‐Triggered Oxidative Cascade Reaction through Alkenyl Peroxide Radical Intermediate
Authors: Wang Chang‐Sheng , Roisnel Thierry , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Soulé Jean‐François 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAzaspiro[4.5]trienones bearing ketone side chains at the 3‐position are prepared from N‐alkyl‐arylpropiolamides and ketones via oxidative 1,2‐difunctionalization of alkynes. The cascade sequence starts with the generation of alkenyl peroxide intermediates, which are obtained by addition of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide to ketones in presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid. Then, the ketone radical adds to alkynes, followed by spirocyclization and dearomatization process. This method represents a new example of difunctionalization of alkynes with simultaneous formation of two carbon−carbon single bonds and one carbon−oxygen double bond in one step.magnified image
Soft Matter Informatics: Current Progress and Challenges
Authors: Peerless James S. , Milliken Nina J. B. , Oweida Thomas J. , Manning Matthew D. , Yingling Yaroslava G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe number of applications of informatics or data‐driven discovery is growing in many fields, including materials science. The large amount of data that is readily available, combined with high‐level statistical algorithms, is proving to be extremely useful in developing complex predictive models with little to no human supervision or bias. However, in the field of soft matter, which includes complex materials such as polymers, liquids, emulsions, colloids, and gels, there is a slower adoption of informatics strategies than in adjacent fields. Here, the current state of soft matter informatics is discussed. Challenges specific to soft materials, including data classification, various degrees of organization at multiple length scales, and process‐dependent properties require unique approaches by researchers in order to develop robust informatics approaches in soft matter. The current ability to extract and analyze the information from the PoLyInfo database is demonstrated by the fitting of the Flory–Fox equation for glass transition temperature for several polymers. This Progress Report serves to introduce and excite the scientific community about the remarkable potential of informatics for exploring the properties of soft materials.
Multiple Emitting Amphiphilic Conjugated Polythiophenes‐Coated CdTe QDs for Picogram Detection of Trinitrophenol Explosive and Application Using Chitosan Film and Paper‐Based Sensor Coupled with Smartphone
Authors: Tawfik Salah M. , Sharipov Mirkomil , Kakhkhorov Sarvar , Elmasry Mohamed R. , Lee Yong‐Ill 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNovel multiple emitting amphiphilic conjugated polythiophene‐coated CdTe quantum dots for picogram level determination of the 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) explosive are developed. Four biocompatible sensors, cationic polythiophene nanohybrids (CPTQDs), nonionic polythiophene nanohybrids (NPTQDs), anionic polythiophene nanohybrids (APTQDs), and thiophene copolymer nanohybrids (TCPQDs), are designed using an in situ polymerization method, which shows highly enhanced fluorescence intensity and quantum yield (up to 78%). All sensors are investigated for nitroexplosive detection to provide a remarkable fluorescence quenching for TNP and the quenching efficiency reached 96% in the case of TCPQDs. The fluorescence of the sensors are quenched by TNP through inner filter effect, electrostatic, π−π, and hydrogen bonding interactions. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits of CPTQDs, NPTQDs, APTQDs, and TCPQDs are 2.56, 7.23, 4.12, and 0.56 × 10−9 m, respectively, within 60 s. More importantly, portable, cost effective, and simple to use paper strips and chitosan film are successfully applied to visually detect as little as 2.29 pg of TNP. The possibility of utilizing a smartphone with a color‐scanning APP in the determination of TNP is also established. Moreover, the practical application of the developed sensors for TNP detection in tap and river water samples is described with satisfactory recoveries of 98.02−107.50%.
Early Miocene CO2 estimates from a Neotropical fossil leaf assemblage exceed 400 ppm
Authors: Londoño Liliana , Royer Dana L. , Jaramillo Carlos , Escobar Jaime , Foster David A. , Cárdenas‐Rozo Andrés L. , Wood Aaron 
Published: November 2018

Premise of the StudyThe global climate during the early Miocene was warmer than the present and preceded the even warmer middle Miocene climatic optimum. The paleo‐CO2 records for this interval suggest paradoxically low concentrations (<450 ppm) that are difficult to reconcile with a warmer‐than‐present global climate.MethodsIn this study, we use a leaf gas‐exchange model to estimate CO2 concentrations using stomatal characteristics of fossil leaves from a late early Miocene Neotropical assemblage from Panama that we date to 18.01 ± 0.17 Ma via 238U/206Pb zircon geochronology. We first validated the model for Neotropical environments by estimating CO2 from canopy leaves of 21 extant species in a natural Panamanian forest and from leaves of seven Neotropical species in greenhouse experiments at 400 and 700 ppm.Key ResultsThe results showed that the most probable combined CO2 estimate from the natural forests and 400 ppm experiments is 475 ppm, and for the 700 ppm experiments is 665 ppm. CO2 estimates from the five fossil species exhibit bimodality, with two species most consistent with a low mode (528 ppm) and three with a high mode (912 ppm).ConclusionsDespite uncertainties, it is very likely (at >95% confidence) that CO2 during the late early Miocene exceeded 400 ppm. These results revise upwards the likely CO2 concentration at this time, more in keeping with a CO2‐forced greenhouse climate.
Integrated automated particle tracking microfluidic enables high‐throughput cell deformability cytometry for red cell disorders
Authors: Guruprasad Puneeth , Mannino Robert G. , Caruso Christina , Zhang Hanqing , Josephson Cassandra D. , Roback John D. , Lam Wilbur A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInvestigating individual red blood cells (RBCs) is critical to understanding hematologic diseases, as pathology often originates at the single‐cell level. Many RBC disorders manifest in altered biophysical properties, such as deformability of RBCs. Due to limitations in current biophysical assays, there exists a need for high‐throughput analysis of RBC deformability with single‐cell resolution. To that end, we present a method that pairs a simple in vitro artificial microvasculature network system with an innovative MATLAB‐based automated particle tracking program, allowing for high‐throughput, single‐cell deformability index (sDI) measurements of entire RBC populations. We apply our technology to quantify the sDI of RBCs from healthy volunteers, Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, a transfusion‐dependent beta thalassemia major patient, and in stored packed RBCs (pRBCs) that undergo storage lesion over 4 weeks. Moreover, our system can also measure cell size for each RBC, thereby enabling 2D analysis of cell deformability vs cell size with single cell resolution akin to flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate the clear existence of distinct biophysical RBC subpopulations with high interpatient variability in SCD as indicated by large magnitude skewness and kurtosis values of distribution, the “shifting” of sDI vs RBC size curves over transfusion cycles in beta thalassemia, and the appearance of low sDI RBC subpopulations within 4 days of pRBC storage. Overall, our system offers an inexpensive, convenient, and high‐throughput method to gauge single RBC deformability and size for any RBC population and has the potential to aid in disease monitoring and transfusion guidelines for various RBC disorders.
Elderly do benefit from induction chemotherapy: High dose mitoxantrone‐based (“5 + 1”) induction chemotherapy regimen in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Saini Neeraj Y. , Cerny Jan , Furtado Vanessa F. , Desmond Angela , Zhou Zheng , Raffel Glen , Puthawala Imran , Bednarik Jayde , Shanahan Lindsey , Miron Patricia M. , Woda Bruce , Ramanathan Muthalagu , Nath Rajneesh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn intensive “5 + 1” regimen, which included bolus high dose cytarabine (HiDAC) at 3 g/m2 once daily over 3 hours on days 1‐5 and high dose mitoxantrone (HDM) 80 mg/m2 on day 2, was evaluated in 101 consecutively treated newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at a single center since 2009. The median age was 65 (range 18‐90) years. The 4 and 8‐week mortality in our cohort was 3/101 (2.9%) and 7/99 (7%), respectively. The overall response (complete remission [CR] + CRi) was 76.2% (77/101). The median overall survival (OS) stratified by age group <60, 60‐69 and ≥70 years were 56, 31 and 9 months respectively (log‐rank, P = 0.02). 51.7% (45/84) of patients with intermediate/adverse risk category proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplants. Among these 84 patients, the percentage of patients able to proceed to transplant in age groups <60, 60‐69, and ≥ 70 years were 75% (18/24), 60.7% (17/28), and 31.2% (10/32), respectively. In conclusion, HDM‐based chemotherapy regimen produces high CR rates, is well tolerated and more patients can undergo curative postremission therapy including stem cell transplant.
Energy, Linear Momentum, and Angular Momentum of Light: What Do We Measure?
Authors: Emile Olivier , Emile Janine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe most commonly observed quantity related to light is its power or, equivalently, its energy. It can be either measured with a bolometer, a photodiode, or estimated with the naked eye. Alternatively, people can measure the light impulse or linear momentum. However, linear momentum is characterized by its transfer to matter, and its precise value is, most of the time, of little use. Energy and linear momentum are linked and can be deduced from each other, from a theoretical point of view. Because the linear momentum measurement is more difficult, energy is the most often measured quantity. In every physical process, angular momentum, like energy and linear momentum, is conserved. However, it is independent and cannot be deduced from the energy or the linear momentum. It can only be estimated via its transfer to matter using a torque observation. Nevertheless, experimentally, the torque is found to be proportional to the optical power. This leads to a need for a quantum interpretation of the optical field in terms of photons. Clear experimental evidences and consequences are presented here and debated.
Mechanochemie gasförmiger Reaktanten
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Hernández José G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren hat sich die Anwendung von mechanischer Energie auf chemische Systeme wiederholt als vorteilhaft erwiesen, um chemische Umwandlungen in verschiedenen Gebieten der Chemie zu erleichtern. Eine Vielzahl von systematischen Studien belegt heute, dass die Mechanochemie vielversprechende Möglichkeiten eröffnet, die chemische Synthese zu verändern. Nicht nur allein die Fähigkeit, die Herstellung von Produkten zu ermöglichen, die durch bestehende Methoden, wie der reinen thermischen Aktivierung, unzugänglich sind, haben zu einer Anerkennung der Mechanochemie geführt. Man hat auch gemerkt, dass mechanochemische Reaktionen ihre nasschemischen Gegenstücke oft hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit übertreffen. Intuitiv sind die meisten mechanochemischen Reaktionen, die durch Kugelmahlen ausgeführt werden, mit der Umwandlung von Festkörpern und Flüssigkeiten verknüpft. In den letzten Jahren hat allerdings die Anzahl mechanochemischer Reaktionen mit gasförmigen Reaktanten zugenommen. Das Ziel dieses Kurzaufsatzes ist es daher, einerseits einen Überblick über chemische Reaktionen zu geben, die den Gebrauch von gasförmigen Proben in Kugelmühlen beinhalten, und andererseits die Fortschritte der Technologien und Aufbauten der Kugelmühlen aufzuzeigen, die den sicheren Umgang mit gasförmigen Reagenzien unter mechanochemischen Bedingungen ermöglicht haben. Darüber hinaus werden Beispiele für Reaktionen aufgezeigt, die an der Grenzfläche Feststoff/Flüssigkeit/Gas–Gas stattfinden und zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Reaktivität oder Selektivität geführt haben. Letztendlich hoffen wir zukünftige Arbeiten anzuregen, um verbleibende Herausforderungen auf dem Gebiet der Mechanochemie anzugehen.