bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Related Differences in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Aortic Surgery
Authors: Chung Jennifer , Stevens Louis-Mathieu , Ouzounian Maral , El-Hamamsy Ismail , Bouhout Ismail , Dagenais Francois , Cartier Andreanne , Peterson Mark D. , Boodhwani Munir , Guo Ming , Bozinovski John , Yamashita Michael H. , Lodewyks Carly , Atoui Rony , Bittira Bindu , Payne Darrin , Tarola Christopher , Chu Michael W. A. ,   On behalf of the Canadian Thoracic Aortic Collaborative
Published: February 2019

Background:
Contemporary outcomes after surgical management of thoracic aortic disease have improved; however, the impact of sex-related differences is poorly understood.

Methods:
A total of 1653 patients (498 [30.1%] female) underwent thoracic aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest between 2002 and 2017 in 10 institutions of the Canadian Thoracic Aortic Collaborative. Outcomes of interest were in-hospital death, stroke, and a modified Society of Thoracic Surgeons–defined composite for mortality or major morbidity (stroke, renal failure, deep sternal wound infection, reoperation, prolonged ventilation). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of these outcomes.

Results:

Women were older (mean±SD, 66±13 years versus 61±13 years;
P
<0.001), with more hypertension and renal failure, but had less coronary disease, less previous cardiac surgery, and higher ejection fraction than men. Rates of aortic dissection were similar between women and men. Rates of hemiarch, and total arch repair were similar between the sexes; however, women underwent less aortic root reconstruction including aortic root replacement, Ross, or valve-sparing root operations (29% versus 45%;
P
<0.001). Men experienced longer cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times, but similar durations of circulatory arrest, methods of cerebral perfusion, and nadir temperatures. Women experienced a higher rate of mortality (11% versus 7.4%;
P
=0.02), stroke (8.8% versus 5.5%;
P
=0.01), and Society of Thoracic Surgeons–defined composite end point for mortality or major morbidity (31% versus 27%;
P
=0.04). On multivariable analyses, female sex was an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio, 1.81;
P
<0.001), stroke (odds ratio, 1.90;
P
<0.001), and Society of Thoracic Surgeons–defined composite end point for mortality or major morbidity (odds ratio, 1.40;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Women experience worse outcomes after thoracic aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest. Further investigation is required to better delineate which measures may reduce sex-related outcome differences after complex aortic surgery.
Placental Growth Factor as an Indicator of Maternal Cardiovascular Risk After Pregnancy
Authors: Benschop Laura , Schalekamp-Timmermans Sarah , Broere-Brown Zoe A. , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W. , Ikram M. Kamran , Steegers Eric A.P. , Roberts James M. , Gandley Robin E. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Angiogenic placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations rise during pregnancy, peaking at the end of midpregnancy. Low PlGF concentrations during pregnancy are associated with pregnancy complications with recognized later-life cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that low PlGF concentrations, especially in midpregnancy, identify not only a subset of women at risk for pregnancy complications but also women with greater cardiovascular risk factor burden after pregnancy regardless of pregnancy outcome.

Methods:
In a population-based prospective cohort study of 5475 women, we computed gestational age–adjusted multiples of the medians of early pregnancy and midpregnancy PlGF concentrations. Information on pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and spontaneous preterm birth) was obtained from hospital registries. Six years after pregnancy, we measured maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cardiac structure (aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, left ventricular mass, and fractional shortening), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and central retinal arteriolar and venular calibers. Blood pressure was also measured 9 years after pregnancy.

Results:
Women were on average 29.8 (SD, 5.2) years of age in pregnancy, were mostly European (55.2%), and 14.8% developed a pregnancy complication. Quartile analysis showed that especially women with midpregnancy PlGF in the lowest quartile (the low-PlGF subset) had a larger aortic root diameter (0.40 mm [95% CI, 0.08–0.73]), left atrial diameter (0.34 mm [95% CI, −0.09 to 0.78]), left ventricular mass (4.6 g [95% CI, 1.1–8.1]), and systolic blood pressure (2.3 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.93–3.6]) 6 years after pregnancy than women with the highest PlGF. Linear regression analysis showed that higher midpregnancy PlGF concentrations were associated with a smaller aortic root diameter (−0.24 mm [95% CI, −0.39 to −0.10]), smaller left atrial diameter (−0.75 mm [95% CI, −0.95 to −0.56]), lower left ventricular mass (−3.9 g [95% CI, −5.5 to −2.3]), and lower systolic blood pressure (−1.1 mm Hg [95% CI, −1.7 to −0.46]). These differences persisted after the exclusion of women with complicated pregnancies.

Conclusions:
Women with low PlGF in midpregnancy have a greater aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, and left ventricular mass and higher systolic blood pressure 6 and 9 years after pregnancy compared to women with higher PlGF, including women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The pathophysiological implications of lower PlGF concentrations in midpregnancy might provide insight into the identification of pathways contributing to greater cardiovascular risk factor burden.
Wood species analysis of traditional hand-operated spinning wheels from Central Europe
Authors: Kolář Tomáš , Gryc Vladimír , Mayer Konrad , Rybníček Michal , Vavrčík Hanuš , Weber Andrea , Grabner Michael , Noshiro Shuichi 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Hand spinning has become increasingly popular as a recovery of the traditional techniques of natural fibre processing and cultural heritage protection. Modern spinning wheels are usually made of easily available wood species, particularly hardwoods, and one spinning wheel usually consists of one or two species. However, the wood species that were used for the individual parts of old spinning wheels in Central Europe are still unknown. To improve our understanding of traditional craftsmen and their skills, we investigated old spinning wheels that originated from Central Europe in the 19th and the 20th century. In this study, we present a collection of 643 samples from 54 artefacts representing the region between the European Alps and the Western Carpathians. Spinning wheels were usually made of 3 to 5 wood species, and the species selection varied among regions. Generally, high wood density (> 600 kg.m−3) species prevailed in Austria and Western Slovakia, but lower wood density (< 600 kg.m−3) species were preferred in the south-eastern Czech Republic. Easily workable species were used for the production of the spinning wheels, primarily Tilia, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, and Acer. In addition to these species, a high proportion of fruit-bearing trees and three shrubs were identified. Wood anatomy, as an important scientific method, contributed to understanding the reasons for species selection and the suitability of their properties which will enable the conservation of sustainable folk traditions and crafts, as well as the knowledge of traditional craftsmen.
Structurally complex, yet anatomically plesiomorphic: permineralized plants from the Emsian of Gaspé (Quebec, Canada) expand the diversity of Early Devonian euphyllophytes
Authors: Bickner Maya A. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe Battery Point Formation of eastern Canada hosts an Emsian (c. 400–395 Ma) flora that marks one of the rare occurrences of anatomically-preserved Early Devonian plants. We describe four new euphyllophytes from small permineralized axes in this unit. Leptocentroxyla tetrarcha gen. et sp. nov. has a four-ribbed mesarch actinostele with Psilophyton-type (P-type) tracheids and a central area of scalariform tracheids. Stenoloboxyla ambigua gen. et sp. nov. has a bar-shaped to three-ribbed mesarch stele lacking central protoxylem, with one of the ribs less pronounced, P-type tracheids, and sclerenchyma forming a discontinuous layer in the cortex. Jowingera triloba gen. et sp. nov. has a three-ribbed mesarch actinostele with central protoxylem and P-type tracheids. Tainioxyla quebecana gen. et sp. nov. has bar-shaped xylem with mesarch protoxylem strands, P-type tracheids, and anatomy typical of cambial growth initiation. These new species raise the diversity of Battery Point Formation permineralized plants to nine genera, adding significantly to the diversity of Early Devonian plants characterized anatomically. The four species encompass structural diversity of unexpected breadth and novelty for their age. They are different from both older and coeval euphyllophytes and from younger euphyllophytes, exhibiting combinations of derived and plesiomorphic characters. Their mesarch actinosteles and barshaped protosteles, histological differentiation within metaxylem and cortex, and secondary growth, represent aspects of structural complexity common in more derived Middle-Late Devonian euphyllophytes. Concurrently, the four species share P-type tracheids typical of Early Devonian basal euphyllophytes with simpler anatomies. These new fossils offer a first glimpse of a plexus of plants representing a previously unsuspected stage of euphyllophyte morphoanatomical evolution. They demonstrate significant euphyllophyte diversification and exploration of structural complexity under way during the Early Devonian, against a background of plesiomorphic-type tracheids. When more completely characterized, these Emsian plants will provide links for resolving phylogenetic relationships at the base of the euphyllophyte clade.
A new species of Cephalocereus (Cactaceae) from southern Mexico
Authors: ARIAS SALVADOR , TAPIA HÉCTOR J. , GUZMÁN ULISES 
Published: February 2019

Cephalocereus parvispinussp. nov. (Cactaceae) from the Mixtecan region (Oaxaca state, Mexico) is described and illustrated. The morphological and molecular evidence support its recognition as a distinct species within the genus Cephalocereus. The new species is characterized by arborescent habit up to 8 m in height, acrotonic branching, stems with 15−23 ribs; flowers 3.5−4 cm long, pericarpel and receptacular tube without podaria nor spines; fruit 1.7−2.2 cm long, dark red, with white flesh; seeds ca. 1.4 ×0.6 mm, dark brown, with a rugose micro-relief. The phylogenetic analysis usingseven cpDNA markers,shows that C. parvispinusis the sister species of C. polylophusand C. euphorbioides.
Assessment of the Water-Following Capabilities of CODE Drifters Based on Direct Relative Flow Measurements
Authors: Poulain Pierre-Marie , Gerin Riccardo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDirect measurements of the relative water flow near the top and bottom of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) drifters were made in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea in wind speeds as large as 15 m s−1. These measurements confirmed that the CODE drifter is a good Lagrangian drifter with a mean downwind slip of about 0.1% of the wind speed. Substantial mean vertical shears across the drifter (top 1 m below the surface) were observed, reaching an amplitude of 12 cm s−1and corresponding to strong stratification (due to the proximity of river runoff) and strong winds.
Large-Scale Flow Patterns Associated with Extreme Precipitation and Atmospheric Rivers over Norway
Authors: Benedict Imme , Ødemark Karianne , Nipen Thomas , Moore Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA climatology of extreme cold season precipitation events in Norway from 1979 to 2014 is presented, based on the 99th percentile of the 24-h accumulated precipitation. Three regions, termed north, west, and south are identified, each exhibiting a unique seasonal distribution. There is a proclivity for events to occur during the positive phase of the NAO. The result is statistically significant at the 95th percentile for the north and west regions. An overarching hypothesis of this work is that anomalous moisture flux, or so-called atmospheric rivers (ARs), are integral to extreme precipitation events during the Norwegian cold season. An objective analysis of the integrated vapor transport illustrates that more than 85% of the events are associated with ARs. An empirical orthogonal function and fuzzy cluster technique is used to identify the large-scale weather patterns conducive to the moisture flux and extreme precipitation. Five days before the event and for each of the three regions, two patterns are found. The first represents an intense, southward-shifted jet with a southwest–northeast orientation. The second identifies a weak, northward-shifted, zonal jet. As the event approaches, regional differences become more apparent. The distinctive flow pattern conducive to orographically enhanced precipitation emerges in the two clusters for each region. For the north and west regions, this entails primarily zonal flow impinging upon the south–north-orientated topography, the difference being the latitude of the strong flow. In contrast, the south region exhibits a significant southerly component to the flow.
Chlorhexidine wipes: Time to stop and think about allergy
Authors: Doolan Brigid T , Crilly Helen M 
Published: February 2019

Summary We report three precautionary cases of perioperative anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine isopropyl alcohol antiseptic wipes (CAW). In two cases, the patients were inadvertently re-exposed to CAW despite known chlorhexidine hypersensitivity. Chlorhexidine has been described as ‘the hidden allergen’. As a result, patients may suffer multiple reactions before chlorhexidine is confirmed as the cause. Healthcare workers may not recognize that products they use for common clinical steps contain chlorhexidine. These cases highlight the need for constant vigilance to facilitate the safe management of patients with a history of chlorhexidine anaphylaxis.
Current and Common Definitions of Treatment-Resistant Depression: Findings from a Systematic Review and Qualitative Interviews
Authors: Brown Sage , Rittenbach Katherine , Cheung Sarah , McKean Gail , MacMaster Frank P. , Clement Fiona 
Published: February 2019

Objective: No universal definition for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) exists. This lack of consensus reduces the generalizability of study findings and limits the ability to study TRD. In addition, anecdotally, there may be a difference between the definitions of TRD within research and those applied in practice. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify current common definitions of TRD used in both research and clinical practice. Method: A systematic review of published literature was conducted to document TRD definitions. Extracted data were grouped based on patient cohort and method of defining TRD. Validation studies were narratively summarized. Interviews with 6 key informants were conducted to understand how definitions are applied in practice. Results: In total, 155 definitions for TRD were identified in the published literature, and 48.4% of all definitions specified requirement of at least 2 treatment failures. Key informant interviews indicated the concept of TRD is rarely employed in clinical practice. Instead, concepts like “complex needs,” “struggling with their disease,” and “chronic” are used. When asked directly about how they would define TRD, interview participants said an adequate trial of psychotherapy as well as an adequate trial of at least 2 to 3 antidepressant medications. Conclusions: There is no universally accepted definition of TRD, and substantial heterogeneity exists. This study indicates discordance between the use of the term in research and clinical practice, with several key informants emphasizing that the terminology is rarely used in their clinical experience. Development of a shared, common definition across practice and research is required.
Evolution of retinal changes measured by optical coherence tomography in the assessment of hydroxychloroquine ocular safety in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Martín-Iglesias D , Artaraz J , Fonollosa A , Ugarte A , Arteagabeitia A , Ruiz-Irastorza G 
Published: February 2019

Objective The objective of this report is to analyse retinal changes over a five-year period, assessed by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), in patients from the Lupus-Cruces cohort treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Methods SD-OCT screening was performed annually between 2012 and 2017. Average macular thickness (AMT), ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) and qualitative data of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and external retina (ExtR) were collected prospectively. We compared data from 2012 (first) and 2017 (second) SD-OCT. Results We studied 110 patients and 195 eyes. No cases of HCQ toxicity were detected. At the time of the second SD-OCT, 99% patients had taken a daily dose of HCQ ≤5 mg/kg/day. The median time on HCQ was 133 months. The mean AMT and GCLT were significantly lower in both eyes at the second SD-OCT; however, all the differences were clinically insignificant at less than 1%. Qualitative analysis of RPE and ExtR showed no significant changes. Similar results were found among patients with risk factors for retinopathy. The comparison of patients with and without risk factors showed no differences. Conclusions This study shows clinically irrelevant retinal changes in an SLE cohort on HCQ treatment over a five-year follow-up. Our findings support the safety of long-term HCQ at doses ≤5 mg/kg/day.
Impact of Torque on Assessment of Syndesmotic Injuries Using Weightbearing Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Krähenbühl Nicola , Bailey Travis L. , Weinberg Maxwell W. , Davidson Nathan P. , Hintermann Beat , Presson Angela P. , Allen Chelsea McCarty , Henninger Heath B. , Saltzman Charles L. , Barg Alexej 
Published: February 2019

Background: The diagnosis of subtle injuries to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis remains elusive. Conventional radiographs miss a large subset of injuries that present without frank diastasis. This study evaluated the impact of torque application on the assessment of syndesmotic injuries when using weightbearing computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: Seven pairs of male cadavers (tibia plateau to toe-tip) were included. CT scans with axial load application (85 kg) and with (10 Nm) or without torque to the tibia (corresponding to external rotation of the foot and ankle) were taken during 4 test conditions. First, intact ankles (native) were scanned. Second, 1 specimen from each pair underwent anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) transection (condition 1A), while the contralateral underwent deltoid transection (condition 1B). Third, the lesions were reversed on the same specimens and the remaining intact deltoid or AITFL was transected (condition 2). Finally, the distal tibiofibular interosseous membrane (IOM) was transected in all ankles (condition 3). Measurements were performed to assess the integrity of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) and on axial CT scans. Results: Torque impacted DRR and axial CT scan measurements in almost all conditions. The ability to diagnose syndesmotic injuries using axial CT measurements improved when torque was applied. No significant syndesmotic morphological change was observed with or without torque for either isolated AITFL or deltoid ligament transection. Discussion: Torque application had a notable impact on two-dimensional (2-D) measurements used to diagnose syndesmotic injuries for both DRRs and axial CT scans. Because weightbearing conditions allow for standardized positioning of the foot while radiographs or CT scans are taken, the combination of axial load and torque application may be desirable. Clinical Relevance: Application of torque to the tibia impacts 2-D measurements and may be useful when diagnosing syndesmotic injuries by DRRs or axial CT images.
Effects of music on behavior and physiological stress response of domestic cats in a veterinary clinic
Authors: Hampton Amanda , Ford Alexandra , Cox Roy E , Liu Chin-chi , Koh Ronald 
Published: February 2019

Objectives Our objective was to determine if feline-specific music played in a veterinary clinical setting would promote lower cat stress scores (CSSs), lower mean handling scale scores (HSs) and reduced neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) in cats during physical examinations. Methods Cats were exposed to one of three auditory stimuli tests – silence, classical music and cat-specific music – during three physical examinations 2 weeks apart. CSSs were recorded at pre- and post-auditory tests and during the examination period. The HSs were recorded at the physical examination period. The physiological stress was assessed via NLRs. Results The pre-auditory test showed no difference in CSS between cats listening to silence, classical music and cat music. CSSs for post-auditory tests and examination periods were not significantly different between silence and classical music; however, CSSs were significantly decreased in cats listening to cat music vs silence and in cats listening to cat music vs classical music. HSs were not different in cats listening to silence vs classical music, but were significantly lower in cats listening to cat music vs silence and classical music. No difference was found in NLRs among all three auditory stimuli tests. Conclusions and relevance Listening to cat-specific music prior to, and during, physical examination was associated with lower CSSs and lower HSs in cats, but had no effect on the physiological stress responses measured by NLRs. We conclude that cat-specific music may benefit cats by decreasing the stress levels and increasing the quality of care in veterinary clinical settings.
Variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion: a risk factor for femoral stem varus in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Haojun , Gu Jiaao , Liu Xin , Liu Ning , Luan Feiyu , Yin Haorong , Liu Ruixuan , Li Hang , Wang Wenbo 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Correct implant positioning is required to achieve adequate biomechanics. The greater trochanter is more medially or laterally positioned in some patients, known as trochanteric lateroversion. However, studies have not identified correlations between postoperative coronal alignment and variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion on postoperative stem coronal alignment and to investigate other factors related to stem coronal alignment. Methods: A total of 213 hips in 149 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty were included in this prospective study. The greater trochanters were categorised into 5 groups according to the degree of variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion, and the stem coronal alignment angle and stem fit were measured on anteroposterior radiographs. Results: Postoperative stem varus was positively correlated with greater trochanteric lateroversion ( r = 0.26065, p = 0.0001) and negatively correlated with the stem fit ( r = −0.16568, p = 0.0155). Discussion: Excessive variation in greater trochanteric lateroversion was a risk factor for femoral stem varus, and the stem varus position was always accompanied by inadequate canal filling. When the tip of the trochanteric overhang exceeded the centreline of the femoral canal, the influence of lateroversion of the greater trochanter on the femoral stem remarkably increased. Appropriate measures should be implemented to avoid a stem varus position and inappropriate stem fit.