bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradability of Thermokarst Carbon in a Till‐Associated, Glacial Margin Landscape: The Case of the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada
Authors: Littlefair Cara A. , Tank Suzanne E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Peel Plateau is a characteristic glacial margin landscape, with permafrost comprised of thick, ice‐rich glacial tills deposited at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Unmodified tills at depth are overlain by a paleo‐active layer, created when early Holocene warming deepened regional active layers, enabling organic matter incorporation into now‐frozen soils. Ice‐rich permafrost encourages retrogressive thaw slumps, which mobilize variable proportions of modern active layer, paleo‐active layer, and Pleistocene tills to downstream systems. Here we investigate the biolability of thaw‐released dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the Peel Plateau and compare our results to previous studies from nontill‐dominated landscapes. Similar to other Arctic regions, biolability was significantly greater for slump‐derived DOC (retrogressive thaw slump runoff) than for DOC from paired, unimpacted locations. However, runoff source was an important control on biolability. Lability was greater for slumps releasing water with a Holocene‐like δ18O signature than for slumps with a more Pleistocene‐like signature, while a small slump, with runoff δ18O similar to the modern active layer, showed no biolability increase. Similar to other Arctic regions, biolability was strongly related to DOC aromaticity and molecular weight. However, lability also increased significantly with increasing nutrients, which has not been shown universally. Previous work has shown that DOC concentration dynamics differ sharply on the Peel Plateau when compared to other permafrost thaw landscapes. This work indicates that the lability of permafrost DOC may be relatively uniform across variable Arctic regions, although some factors—such as the importance of nutrient status—may need further exploration.
Cyclostratigraphy and Magnetostratigraphy of the Middle Miocene Ashigong Formation, Guide Basin, China, and Its Implications for the Paleoclimatic Evolution of NE Tibet
Authors: Wang Zhixiang , Shen Yongjin , Licht Alexis , Huang Chunju 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent tectonostratigraphy studies have shown that Northeast Tibet underwent significant tectonic uplift and basin partitioning at 13–8 Ma. This time window is also a period of significant changes in Asian monsoonal intensity, mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Though many studies have tried to decipher paleoclimatic trends from sedimentary archives in Northeast Tibetan basins, it is often hard to distinguish local orographic effects from regional climate changes in such a tectonically active context. Here we investigated the sedimentary record of the Ashigong Formation, Guide Basin, in order to better constrain the Tibetan paleoenvironmental evolution and link it to uplift episodes and monsoonal evolution. By studying the lithology, magnetostratigraphy, redness, magnetic susceptibility, and elemental content of a ~500‐m section, we show that the Ashigong Formation was deposited in a saline paleolake between 14.4 and 10 Ma. Lake expansion displayed cyclic variations following ~100‐kyr cycles and weaker ~41‐kyr cycles, reaching its maximum between ~11.4 and 10.5 Ma. Our results show that the Guide Basin was hydrologically closed from most of the middle Miocene, confirming previous studies that proposed an early Miocene partitioning of this basin. The maximum lake expansion between 11.4 and 10.5 Ma is coeval to a known peak of monsoonal intensity. This, and the evidence for a strong orbital control on lake expansion, supports a strong monsoonal control on the expansion of middle Miocene Tibet paleolakes. The origin of the ~100‐kyr forcing on monsoonal moisture supply—different from Quaternary forcing—questions the climatic mechanism of these middle Miocene monsoons and suggests that westerly derived moisture might have also significantly contributed to the regional hydrological budget.
Drought Conditions Maximize the Impact of High‐Frequency Flow Variations on Thermal Regimes and Biogeochemical Function in the Hyporheic Zone
Authors: Song Xuehang , Chen Xingyuan , Stegen James , Hammond Glenn , Song Hyun‐Seob , Dai Heng , Graham Emily , Zachara John M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic activities, especially dam operations, often induce larger and more frequent stage fluctuations than those occurring in natural rivers. However, long‐term impacts of such flow variations on thermal and biogeochemical dynamics of the associated hyporheic zone (HZ) are poorly understood. In this study, we built a heterogeneous, two‐dimensional, thermo‐hydro‐biogeochemical model for an aerobic respiration dominated river system. Our results revealed important interactions between subdaily to weekly flow variations and mean flow conditions controlled by snowpack at the watershed. High‐frequency stage fluctuations had their strongest thermal and biogeochemical impacts when mean river stage was low during fall and winter. In an abnormal drought year (2015) with low river stages during summer and early fall, high‐frequency stage fluctuations caused the HZ to be warmer than average. Furthermore, high‐frequency stage fluctuation enhanced all biogeochemical reactions by increasing nutrient supply and creating more oxygenated conditions. Overall carbon consumption in the HZ increased due to high‐frequency flow variations. Thermal dynamics altered by high‐frequency stage fluctuation impacted biogeochemical reactions in the HZ less than effects imposed by enhanced nutrient and oxygen supply. In addition to these results, we demonstrated that the HZ's hydrogeologic properties control flow paths that influence residence times and nutrient supply and consequently control spatial distribution of biogeochemical reaction hot spots in the HZ. Here we provide scientific basis for assessing potential ecological consequences of high‐frequency flow variations in a regulated river, as well as guidance for maximizing potential benefits—or minimizing drawbacks—of dam regulation to riverine ecosystems.
Systemic signaling contributes to the unfolded protein response of the plant endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Lai Ya-Shiuan , Stefano Giovanni , Zemelis-Durfee Starla , Ruberti Cristina , Gibbons Lizzie , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a conserved and essential cytoprotective pathway designed to survive biotic and abiotic stresses that alter the proteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. The UPR is typically considered cell-autonomous and it is yet unclear whether it can also act systemically through non-cell autonomous signaling. We have addressed this question using a genetic approach coupled with micro-grafting and a suite of molecular reporters in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the UPR has a non-cell autonomous component, and we demonstrate that this is partially mediated by the intercellular movement of the UPR transcription factor bZIP60 facilitating systemic UPR signaling. Therefore, in multicellular eukaryotes such as plants, non-cell autonomous UPR signaling relies on the systemic movement of at least a UPR transcriptional modulator.
One-step generation of multiple gene knock-outs in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by DNA-free genome editing
Authors: Serif Manuel , Dubois Gwendoline , Finoux Anne-Laure , Teste Marie-Ange , Jallet Denis , Daboussi Fayza 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently developed transgenic techniques to explore and exploit the metabolic potential of microalgae present several drawbacks associated with the delivery of exogenous DNA into the cells and its subsequent integration at random sites within the genome. Here, we report a highly efficient multiplex genome-editing method in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, relying on the biolistic delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins coupled with the identification of two endogenous counter-selectable markers, PtUMPS and PtAPT. First, we demonstrate the functionality of RNP delivery by positively selecting the disruption of each of these genes. Then, we illustrate the potential of the approach for multiplexing by generating double-gene knock-out strains, with 65% to 100% efficiency, using RNPs targeting one of these markers and PtAureo1a, a photoreceptor-encoding gene. Finally, we created triple knock-out strains in one step by delivering six RNP complexes into Phaeodactylum cells. This approach could readily be applied to other hard-to-transfect organisms of biotechnological interest.
RNA editing derived epitopes function as cancer antigens to elicit immune responses
Authors: Zhang Minying , Fritsche Jens , Roszik Jason , Williams Leila J. , Peng Xinxin , Chiu Yulun , Tsou Chih-Chiang , Hoffgaard Franziska , Goldfinger Valentina , Schoor Oliver , Talukder Amjad , Forget Marie A. , Haymaker Cara , Bernatchez Chantale , Han Leng , Tsang Yiu-Huen , Kong Kathleen , Xu Xiaoyan , Scott Kenneth L. , Singh-Jasuja Harpreet , Lizee Greg , Liang Han , Weinschenk Toni , Mills Gordon B. , Hwu Patrick 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn addition to genomic mutations, RNA editing is another major mechanism creating sequence variations in proteins by introducing nucleotide changes in mRNA sequences. Deregulated RNA editing contributes to different types of human diseases, including cancers. Here we report that peptides generated as a consequence of RNA editing are indeed naturally presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. We provide evidence that effector CD8+ T cells specific for edited peptides derived from cyclin I are present in human tumours and attack tumour cells that are presenting these epitopes. We show that subpopulations of cancer patients have increased peptide levels and that levels of edited RNA correlate with peptide copy numbers. These findings demonstrate that RNA editing extends the classes of HLA presented self-antigens and that these antigens can be recognised by the immune system.
A germanium hole spin qubit
Authors: Watzinger Hannes , Kukučka Josip , Vukušić Lada , Gao Fei , Wang Ting , Schäffler Friedrich , Zhang Jian-Jun , Katsaros Georgios 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHoles confined in quantum dots have gained considerable interest in the past few years due to their potential as spin qubits. Here we demonstrate two-axis control of a spin 3/2 qubit in natural Ge. The qubit is formed in a hut wire double quantum dot device. The Pauli spin blockade principle allowed us to demonstrate electric dipole spin resonance by applying a radio frequency electric field to one of the electrodes defining the double quantum dot. Coherent hole spin oscillations with Rabi frequencies reaching 140 MHz are demonstrated and dephasing times of 130 ns are measured. The reported results emphasize the potential of Ge as a platform for fast and electrically tunable hole spin qubit devices.
EPR Imaging of Metallic Lithium and its Application to Dendrite Localisation in Battery Separators
Authors: Niemöller Arvid , Jakes Peter , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Granwehr Josef 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConduction Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (CEPRI) is presented as a sensitive technique for mapping metallic lithium species. The method is demonstrated using different samples that are either thick or thin compared to the microwave skin depth. As a thin sample, microstructured metallic lithium deposits in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) separator were analysed, illustrating the capabilities of CEPRI by obtaining a high-resolution image with an image resolution in the micrometre range. Limitations and intricacies of the method due to non-linear effects caused by the skin effect are discussed based on images of surface patterns on thick metallic lithium samples. The lineshape of the EPR spectrum is introduced as a proxy to determine the suitability of CEPRI for the quantitative visualisation of metallic lithium deposits. The results suggest that CEPRI is particularly suited to analyse the spatial distribution of microstructured Li that forms during charging and discharging of LIB cells, including the localization of the point of failure in the case of an internal cell short circuit caused by dendrites.
Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM/TSP Disease
Authors: Echevarria-Lima Juliana , de Abreu Pereira Denise , de Oliveira Thais Silva , de Melo Espíndola Otávio , Lima Marco Antonio , Celestino Leite Ana Cláudia , Sandim Vanessa , Rodrigues Nascimento Clarissa , E. Kalume Dario , B. Zingali Russolina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The endothelial breakdown and migration of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the spinal cord are involved in HAM/TSP development. Monocytes from HTLV-1-infected individuals exhibit important functional differences when compared to cells from uninfected donors. Using proteomic shot gun strategy, performed by nanoACQUITY-UPLC system, we analyzed monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers (AC), HAM/TSP and uninfected individuals. 534 proteins were identified among which 376 were quantified by ExpressionEsoftware. Our study revealed a panel of changes in protein expression linked to HTLV-1 infection. Upregulation of heat shock proteins and downregulation of canonical histone expression were observed in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients. Moreover, expression of cytoskeleton proteins was increased in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients, mainly in those from HAM/TSP, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, functional assays demonstrated that monocytes from HAM/TSP patients present higher ability for adhesion and transmigration thought endothelium than those from AC and uninfected individuals. The major changes on monocyte protein profile were detected in HAM/TSP patients, suggesting that these alterations exert a relevant role in the establishment of HAM/TSP.
Formation of hybrid higher-order cylindrical vector beams using binary multi-sector phase plates
Authors: Khonina Svetlana N. , Ustinov Andrey V. , Fomchenkov Sergey A. , Porfirev Alexey P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNowadays, the well-known cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) – the axially symmetric beam solution to the full-vector electromagnetic wave equation – are widely used for advanced laser material processing, optical manipulation and communication and have a great interest for data storage. Higher-order CVBs with polarisation order greater than one and superpositions of CVBs of various orders (hybrid CVBs) are especially of interest because of their great potential in contemporary optics. We performed a theoretical analysis of the transformation of first-order CVBs (radially and azimuthally polarised beams) into hybrid higher-order ones using phase elements with complex transmission functions in the form of the cosine or sine functions of the azimuthal angle. Binary multi-sector phase plates approximating such transmission functions were fabricated and experimentally investigated. The influence of the number of sectors and a height difference between neighbouring sectors, as well as the energy contribution of the different components in the generated hybrid higher-order CVBs were discussed in the context of polarisation transformation and vector optical field transformation in the focal region. The possibility of polarisation transformation, even in the case of weak focusing, is also demonstrated. The simple structure of the profile of such plates, their high diffraction efficiency and high damage threshold, as well as the easy-to-implement polarisation transformation principle provide advanced opportunities for high-efficient, quickly-switchable dynamic control of the generation of structured laser beams.
Tetrahydrobiopterin modulates ubiquitin conjugation to UBC13/UBE2N and proteasome activity by S-nitrosation
Authors: Bailey Jade , Davis Simon , Shaw Andrew , Diotallevi Marina , Fischer Roman , Benson Matthew A. , Zhu Hanneng , Brown James , Bhattacharya Shoumo , Kessler Benedikt M. , Channon Keith M. , Crabtree Mark J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNitric Oxide (NO) is an intracellular signalling mediator, which affects many biological processes via the posttranslational modification of proteins through S-nitrosation. The availability of NO and NOS-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) from enzymatic uncoupling are determined by the NO synthase cofactor Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Here, using a global proteomics “biotin-switch” approach, we identified components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to be altered via BH4-dependent NO signalling by protein S-nitrosation. We show S-nitrosation of ubiquitin conjugating E2 enzymes, in particular the catalytic residue C87 of UBC13/UBE2N, leading to impaired polyubiquitylation by interfering with the formation of UBC13~Ub thioester intermediates. In addition, proteasome cleavage activity in cells also seems to be altered by S-nitrosation, correlating with the modification of cysteine residues within the 19S regulatory particle and catalytic subunits of the 20S complex. Our results highlight the widespread impact of BH4 on downstream cellular signalling as evidenced by the effect of a perturbed BH4-dependent NO-Redox balance on critical processes within the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). These studies thereby uncover a novel aspect of NO associated modulation of cellular homeostasis.
Eating fast is positively associated with general and abdominal obesity among Chinese children: A national survey
Authors: Zeng Xia , Cai Li , Ma Jun , Ma Yinghua , Jing Jin , Chen Yajun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEating faster is related to more energy intake, but less is known about the relationships between children’s eating speed, food intake and adiposity, especially in high school children. This study aimed to investigate the associations of eating speed with general and abdominal obesity among Chinese children basing on a national survey. A total of 50,037 children aged 7–17 years were enrolled from 7 provinces in China in 2013. Anthropometric indices were objectively measured. Data on eating speed were collected by questionnaires. Increasing trends across the slow, medium, and fast eating speed group were observed in the prevalence of general obesity (7.2%, 10.0% and 15.9%), abdominal obesity (16.1%, 21.8%, and 29.4%) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0.5 (11.1%, 14.8%, and 22.0%). Compared with medium eating speed, fast eating speed was positively associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and WHtR ≥ 0.5 (odds ratios [ORs]: 1.51~1.61), while slow eating speed was negatively associated with these outcomes (ORs: 0.65~0.75). Increased trends of consumption of fruits, meat/meat conducts, sugar-sweetened beverages, fried food, and fast food were observed in pace with increasing eating speed (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that eating speed is positively associated with childhood general and abdominal obesity, which may be an important, modifiable factor to prevent childhood obesity.
The effect of oscillator and dipole-dipole interaction on multiple optomechanically induced transparency in cavity optomechanical system
Authors: Ma Jin-Lou , Tan Lei , Li Qing , Gu Huai-Qiang , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe theoretically investigate the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) phenomenon in a N-cavity optomechanical system doped with a pair of Rydberg atoms with the presence of a strong control field and a weak probe field applied to the Nth cavity. It is found that 2N − 1 (N < 10) numbers of OMIT windows can be observed in the output field when N cavities couple with N mechanical oscillators and the mechanical oscillators coupled with different even- or odd-labelled cavities can lead to diverse effects on OMIT. Furthermore, the ATS effect appears with the increase of the effective optomechanical coupling rate. On the other hand, two additional transparent windows (extra resonances) occur, when two Rydberg atoms are coupled with the cavity field. With DDI strength increasing, the extra resonances move to the far off-resonant regime but the left one moves slowly than the right one due to the positive detuning effect of DDI. During this process, Fano resonance also emerges in the absorption profile of output field.
Comparative in depth RNA sequencing of P. tricornutum’s morphotypes reveals specific features of the oval morphotype
Authors: Ovide Clément , Kiefer-Meyer Marie-Christine , Bérard Caroline , Vergne Nicolas , Lecroq Thierry , Plasson Carole , Burel Carole , Bernard Sophie , Driouich Azeddine , Lerouge Patrice , Tournier Isabelle , Dauchel Hélène , Bardor Muriel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhaeodactylum tricornutumis the most studied diatom encountered principally in coastal unstable environments. It has been hypothesized that the great adaptability ofP.tricornutumis probably due to its pleomorphism. Indeed,P.tricornutumis an atypical diatom since it can display three morphotypes: fusiform, triradiate and oval. Currently, little information is available regarding the physiological significance of this morphogenesis. In this study, we adaptedP.tricornutumPt3 strain to obtain algal culture particularly enriched in one dominant morphotype: fusiform, triradiate or oval. These cultures were used to run high-throughput RNA-Sequencing. The whole mRNA transcriptome of each morphotype was determined. Pairwise comparisons highlighted biological processes and molecular functions which are up- and down-regulated. Finally, intersection analysis allowed us to identify the specific features from the oval morphotype which is of particular interest as it is often described to be more resistant to stresses. This study represent the first transcriptome wide characterization of the three morphotypes fromP.tricornutumperformed on cultures specifically enriched issued from the same Pt3 strain. This work represents an important step for the understanding of the morphogenesis inP.tricornutumand highlights the particular features of the oval morphotype.
Ulinastatin is effective in reducing mortality for critically ill patients with sepsis: a causal mediation analysis
Authors: Xu Qiancheng , Yan Qian , Chen Shanghua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUlinastatin has been found to have anti-inflammatory effect for patients with sepsis. However, its clinical effects were conflicting. The study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of ulinastatin and to perform mediation analysis to explore the proportion of the total effects that can be explained by inflammatory responses. This is a retrospective study involving critically ill patients with sepsis from January 2014 to July 2017. A total of 263 patients were included in the study, involving 179 patients in the ulinastatin group and 84 in the control group. Ulinastatin group showed significantly lower 28-day mortality rate than that in the control group (31% vs. 55%; p < 0.001). Both total (46330 [26000,83500] vs. 19870 [8747,41140] RMB; p < 0.01) and drug cost (18210 [9492,31920] vs. 7230 [2675,19270] RMB; p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the ulinastatin group than the control group. In multivariable model, the adjusted odds ratio for ulinastatin was 0.304 (95% CI: 0.152 to 0.592; p = 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that the use of ulinastatin was able to reduce the probability of death by 23.5%. The average causal mediation effect of delta C-reactive protein (CRP) was 8%, accounting for 35% of the total effect.