bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New York : la ville mosaïque
Authors: Body-Gendrot Sophie 
Published: May 2018

New York, a town of more than 7 million inhabitants, has over a third of its population of foreign origin. In composition it is the most varied immigrant population of all the American agglomerations ; 1/7 of American immigrants live in New York.
Analysis of the immigrants' integration modes, of the institutions which reflect them, and their political expression in the American political community, allows the phenomena of integration, indifference or rejection which differentiate the various groups to be understood more easily.
Settlements in the immigrant districts, social climbing, where house-moving follows the line of the New York underground, ethnic partitioning by blocks of houses, characterise the immigrant distribution. If we look at their economic vitality, they have always worked in sectors or companies which could act as a springboard to their economic mobility. The public sector offers them jobs, contracts and privileges -13 % work for themselves, some highly sought-after districts are the cause of fighting. Ethnic trading and companies form a micro-society in the image ol the home country. Spatial proximity of groups succeeding in their companies, and groups ageing, or on the edge of poverty, causes the strong antagonisms that New York's history is studded with.
The way that a town applies the federal law in the redistribution of grants varies. Examples are described in New York : private partners awarded grants to cany out integration work, Churches, lawyers awarded grants by the federal State, ethnic associations, «self-help» groups, Dominican clubs, Colombian «instrumental» associations, the Pan-American football league, help associations...
Political participation of those «born abroad» and «naturalized» depends upon the duration and the place of residence, their mastery of English, the ethnic group they belong to, the spouse's nationality, and local issues.
They form support groups Caribbean support committee, New York Mayor, or lobby to support certain bills or fight against the gangs (Chinese), or Latin Puerto-Ricans, who canvass local mandates. Each group must structure itself, define its aims, before starting discussion with the dominant host society. Some groups have understood this, but the question of alliances with the black minority is complex.
Territorial concentration of these populations allows them to sway the elections. The success and future of this strategy depends on the desire of the recent immigrants to naturalize, inscription on the electoral rolls, reduction in the number of illegal immigrants, and the capacity to remain united geographically and politically.
In France the problems are posed differently, because of the integration policy of a united and age-old nation. The issue of the Koranic veil, which brought a storm of protest, would certainly have been dealt with differently in the United States. The French government funds the 4,000 immigrant associations. There is no fierce fighting between communities, and there is marked divergence between the France and the United States deal with immigration.
Ventes aux enchères publiques et commissaires-priseurs : géographie d'un marché et d'une profession
Authors: Rocquet Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2018

Public auctions in Paris represent an exceptional conjunction in the capital's geography of a professional milieu and an original spatial and material organization.
Firstly, the remarkable stability of the Drouot (auction) rooms location, since the middle of the XIX,h century, then in the center of a business and rising bourgeois district, but now right in a swarming area of trade and clothing industry (Sentier). Twenty years ago, modernization on site of the auction rooms, which had not followed the migration to the west taken by business and the wealthy, formed a good example of urban inertia.
It could be in harmony with a curious profession, which finds it difficult to change, that of the auctioneers. Ministerial agents, controlled by the Ministry of Justice, but more governed by the rules of a very closed corporation, they seem tormented by internal contradictions. In spite of the success of a tew media personalities, their necessary transformation into company managers comes up as much against internal company regulations, and the crisis in the art market, as the disaffection, almost geographic, of part of the rich clientele.
Décisions, actions et jeux. Le cas des grands travaux parisiens
Authors: Urfalino Philippe 
Published: May 2018

Cette contribution s'attache principalement au lancement des grands travaux du premier septennat de François Mitterrand, de juillet 1981 à mars 1982. Elle a pour objectif de répondre à deux questions. La première résulte d'un étonnement : comment a-t-on pu lancer, en un peu plus de six mois, des opérations aussi complexes ? Quelles sont les conditions qui ont rendu possibles la rapidité et l'efficacité des décisions ? La deuxième question suspend une évidence : qu'est-ce que les grands travaux ? La réponse ne va pas de soi et l'interrogation sur l'identité des grands travaux conduit à préciser, dans l'introduction, les conditions d'une appréhension sociologique de ce type singulier d'action publique.
Il apparaît que les deux questions ont une seule et même réponse. Ce qui donne naissance à l'ensemble "grands travaux", en forme l'identité et explique la rapidité de leur conception et mise en œuvre, c'est la façon dont un «paquet» disparate de décisions à prendre et d'idées à poursuivre ou à abandonner, a été «emporté» dans une même logique d'action, et a pu faire l'objet d'échanges entre l'État et la Ville de Paris. Une première partie montre comment les choix relatifs aux grands travaux ont été pris dans une dynamique singulière dont la compréhension nécessite la distinction entre logique de la décision et logique de l'action. Une seconde partie s'inspire librement de la théorie des jeux pour analyser la structure des échanges entre la capitale et la présidence de la République qui a facilité la conception et la réalisation de ces grands travaux.
Développement et autonomie des villes secondaires dans le tiers monde
Authors: Barbier Jean-Claude , Delpech Bernard , Giraut Frédéric 
Published: May 2018

Dans la plupart des pays du tiers monde, la macrocéphalie des armatures urbaines au profit des capitales d'État, en général ports et métropoles économiques, occulte très souvent les villes secondaires. C'est notamment le cas en Afrique, alors que ce continent est riche d'anciennes cités marchandes, de villes-terroirs, de petites capitales ethniques, de marchés au point de contact de régions économiques contrastées, de localités frontalières, du semis de plus en plus dense des petits centres administratifs, d'agglomérations nouvelles liées à l'économie de traite ou situées au centre de gravité de zones de colonisation agricole, à proximité de complexes industriels où à la périphérie de grandes métropoles.
Quel sera le destin de ces localités, dans un contexte mondial de plus en plus déterminant, dominé par une forte métropolisation ? Disposent-elles d'une suffisante autonomie dans un espace-monde qui s'uniformise rapidement au bénéfice des mégapoles ? Et ne faudrait-il pas que les élites locales sachent en valoriser les atouts pour mieux entrer dans la compétition interurbaine ? Ne sont-elles pas, en définitive, le seul moyen d'empêcher l'exode rural de se déverser dans le tout petit nombre des très grandes villes ? Villes en Parallèle ouvre le dossier de la capacité des villes secondaires d'Afrique à survivre, à jouer un rôle moteur dans un développement économique à l'interface du rural et de l'urbain.
La petite ville face au procès de mégapolisation
Authors: Haeringer Philippe 
Published: May 2018

I1 n'est pas suffisant d'opposer la petite ville à la grande ville, ou la ville secondaire à la ville capitale. À s'en tenir à cette distinction hiérarchique, on risque de limiter la comparaison à une opposition de taille, de fonction et de bien-être. Et de renvoyer dos à dos les amoureux de la vie provinciale et ceux de la vie métropolitaine. Il n'est malheureusement plus temps d'opter pour les vertus de la sous-préfecture et de se convaincre que «small is beautiful». L'ensemble de la planète est entré dans un processus de "mégapolisation" et toutes les agglomérations, grandes ou petites, sont embarquées dans cette tourmente.
Cela veut dire qu'une conception de la ville s'éloigne et qu'une nouvelle réalité citadine arrive. C'est dans ce contexte qu'il faut analyser la situation des petits centres urbains, y compris ceux d'une Afrique en panne de développement et dont la ruralité fait encore illusion.
De la Sigüenza à Panama : les structures du pouvoir municipal au XVIème siècle
Authors: Blázquez Garbajosa Adrián , Mena garcía María del carmen 
Published: May 2018

El propósito de este estudio es de comparai-las estructuras del poder municipal en Espana y en América para entender mejor su evoluciôn, sus similitudes y sus diferencias. Sigüenza, ciudad castellana controlada por su senor-obispo, y Panamá, ciudad americana puesta bajo la autoridad directa de la Corona, presentan caracterfsticas particulares, aunque las municipalidades indianas fundadas después de la Conquista han sido organizadas segun el modelo de los consejos castellanos o andaluces de la Edad Media espanola.
Las formas de elección o de nominaciôn de los représentantes de la ciudad, asf como las condiciones que cumplir para ocupar un cargo municipal pueden variar en el tiempo (durante el siglo XVI) y en el espacio (entre Espana y América). Sin embargo, las impugnaciones entre las élites locales y el poder real o senorial marcan una preocupación comun : el deseo de asentar la identidad de una comunidad urbana, tanto al nivel simbôlico (los signos y los emblemas del poder), como al nivel econômico (el control de los recursos y de las finanzas publicas).
Attitudes et représentations vis-à-vis des déchets
Authors: Moch Annie , Rieger Sylvie , Simeone Arnaud 
Published: May 2018

Nous avons administré un questionnaire auprès de 978 personnes pour trouver quels étaient les liens entre les représentations vis-à-vis des différents emballages et matériaux, du tri, l'influence sociale et les intentions comportementales de tri.
Les résultats s'avèrent tout à fait cohérents car plus les gens déclarent avoir l'intention de trier, plus ils valorisent le comportement de tri, et les différents matériaux et plus ils considèrent que leur geste de tri
Les espaces verts urbains dans les pratiques et les représentations des habitants
Authors: Bonnes Mirilia , Aiello Antonio , Bonaiuto Mario 
Published: May 2018

In order to understand the relationships between city residents and urban green spaces, a number of investigations have been carried out within the multidisciplinary UNESCO-MAB Programme on Urban Ecosystems ongoing since many years in the city of Rome.
Different studies have focussed on : (1) the inhabitants' practices and attitudes of satisfaction/dissatisfactions toward their residential neighbourhood, and (2) their images of, and attitudes toward urban green spaces.
The results of these investigations show that : (a) green spaces have a high degree of importance for residents 'urban practices and satisfaction/dissatisfaction with, and attachment to, neighbourhood ; (b) residents and natural science experts tend to evaluate the quality of urban green spaces in different ways ; and (c) urban residents tend to exhibit ambivalent attitudes toward green spaces depending on their socio-demographic characteristics and place of residence.
GPI Spectra of HR 8799 c, d, and e from 1.5 to 2.4 μm with KLIP Forward Modeling
Authors: Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Pueyo Laurent , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Wang Jason J. , Rosa Robert J. De , Aguilar Jonathan , Rameau Julien , Barman Travis , Marois Christian , Marley Mark S. , Konopacky Quinn , Rajan Abhijith , Macintosh Bruce , Ansdell Megan , Arriaga Pauline , Bailey Vanessa P. , Bulger Joanna , Burrows Adam S. , Chilcote Jeffrey , Cotten Tara , Doyon Rene , Duchêne Gaspard , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Katherine B. , Gerard Benjamin , Goodsell Stephen J. , Graham James R. , Hibon Pascale , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Larkin James E. , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Nielsen Eric L. , Norton Andrew , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David , Patience Jennifer , Perrin Marshall D. , Poyneer Lisa , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Rémi , Thomas Sandrine , Wallace J. Kent , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane , Wolff Schuyler 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We explore KLIP forward modeling spectral extraction on Gemini Planet Imager coronagraphic data of HR 8799, using PyKLIP, and show algorithm stability with varying KLIP parameters. We report new and re-reduced spectrophotometry of HR 8799 c, d, and e in the H and K bands. We discuss a strategy for choosing optimal KLIP PSF subtraction parameters by injecting simulated sources and recovering them over a range of parameters. The K1/K2 spectra for HR 8799 c and d are similar to previously published results from the same data set. We also present a K-band spectrum of HR 8799 e for the first time and show that our H-band spectra agree well with previously published spectra from the VLT/SPHERE instrument. We show that HR 8799 c and d show significant differences in their H and K spectra, but do not find any conclusive differences between d and e, nor between c and e, likely due to large error bars in the recovered spectrum of e. Compared to M-, L-, and T-type field brown dwarfs, all three planets are most consistent with mid- and late-L spectral types. All objects are consistent with low gravity, but a lack of standard spectra for low gravity limit the ability to fit the best spectral type. We discuss how dedicated modeling efforts can better fit HR 8799 planets’ near-IR flux, as well as how differences between the properties of these planets can be further explored.
The Pan-STARRS1 Proper-motion Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs in Nearby Star-forming Regions. I. Taurus Discoveries and a Reddening-free Classification Method for Ultracool Dwarfs
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhoujian 周健 , Liu Michael C. , Best William M. J. , Magnier Eugene A. , Aller Kimberly M. , Chambers K. C. , Draper P. W. , Flewelling H. , Hodapp K. W. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Metcalfe N. , Wainscoat R. J. , Waters C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We are conducting a proper-motion survey for young brown dwarfs in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud based on the Pan-STARRS1 3π Survey. Our search uses multi-band photometry and astrometry to select candidates, and is wider (370 deg2) and deeper (down to ≈3 M
Jup) than previous searches. We present here our search methods and spectroscopic follow-up of our high-priority candidates. Since extinction complicates spectral classification, we have developed a new approach using low-resolution (R ≈ 100) near-infrared spectra to quantify reddening-free spectral types, extinctions, and gravity classifications for mid-M to late-L ultracool dwarfs (≲100–3 M
Jup in Taurus). We have discovered 25 low-gravity (vl-g) and the first 11 intermediate-gravity (int-g) substellar (M6–L1) members of Taurus, constituting the largest single increase of Taurus brown dwarfs to date. We have also discovered 1 new Pleiades member and 13 new members of the Perseus OB2 association, including a candidate very wide separation (58 kau) binary. We homogeneously reclassify the spectral types and extinctions of all previously known Taurus brown dwarfs. Altogether our discoveries have thus far increased the substellar census in Taurus by ≈40% and added three more L-type members (≲5–10 M
Jup). Most notably, our discoveries reveal an older (>10 Myr) low-mass population in Taurus, in accord with recent studies of the higher-mass stellar members. The mass function appears to differ between the younger and older Taurus populations, possibly due to incompleteness of the older stellar members or different star formation processes.
Must Star-forming Galaxies Rapidly Get Denser before They Quench?
Authors: Abramson L. E. , Morishita T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Using the deepest data yet obtained, we find no evidence preferring compaction-triggered quenching—where rapid increases in galaxy density truncate star formation—over a null hypothesis in which galaxies age at constant surface density (

). Results from two fully empirical analyses and one quenching-free model calculation support this claim at all z ≤ 3: (1) qualitatively, galaxies’ mean U–V colors at

have reddened at rates/times correlated with

, implying that there is no density threshold at which galaxies turn red but that

sets the pace of maturation; (2) quantitatively, the abundance of

red galaxies never exceeds that of the total population a quenching time earlier at any

, implying that galaxies need not transit from low to high densities before quenching; (3) applying

to a suite of lognormal star formation histories reproduces the evolution of the size–mass relation at

. All results are consistent with evolutionary rates being set ab initio by global densities, with denser objects evolving faster than less-dense ones toward a terminal quiescence induced by gas depletion or other ∼Hubble-timescale phenomena. Unless stellar ages demand otherwise, observed

thresholds need not bear any physical relation to quenching beyond this intrinsic density–formation epoch correlation, adding to Lilly & Carollo’s arguments to that effect.
Identification of SDSS J141324.27+530527.0 as a New “Changing-look” Quasar with a “Turn-on” Transition
Authors: Wang J. , Xu D. W. , Wei J. Y. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We report an identification of SDSS J141324+530527.0 (SBS 1411+533) at z = 0.456344 as a new “changing-look” quasar with a “turn-on” spectral type transition from Type-1.9/2 to Type-1 within a rest-frame timescale of 1–10 yr by a comparison of our new spectroscopic observation and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) archive database. The SDSS DR7 spectrum taken in 2003 is dominated by a starlight emission from host galaxy redward of the Balmer limit, and has a non-detectable broad Hβ line. The new spectrum taken by us on 2017 June 1 and the SDSS DR14 spectrum taken on 2017 May 29 indicate that the object has a typical quasar spectrum with a blue continuum and strong Balmer broad emission lines. In addition, an intermediate spectral type can be identified in the SDSS DR13 spectrum taken in 2015. The invariability of the line wing of Mg ii
λ2800 emission and timescale argument (the invariability of [O iii]λ5007 line blue asymmetry) suggests that a variation of obscuration (an accelerating outflow) is not a favorable scenario. The timescale argument allows us to believe the type transition is possibly caused by either a viscous radial inflow or a disk instability around a

black hole.
ZFIRE: 3D Modeling of Rotation, Dispersion, and Angular Momentum of Star-forming Galaxies at z ∼ 2
Authors: Alcorn Leo Y. , Tran Kim-Vy , Glazebrook Karl , Straatman Caroline M. , Cowley Michael , Forrest Ben , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Kewley Lisa J. , Labbé Ivo , Nanayakkara Themiya , Spitler Lee R. , Tomczak Adam , Yuan Tiantian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We perform a kinematic and morphological analysis of 44 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 in the COSMOS legacy field using near-infrared spectroscopy from Keck/MOSFIRE and F160W imaging from CANDELS/3D-HST as part of the ZFIRE survey. Our sample consists of cluster and field galaxies from 2.0 < z < 2.5 with K-band multi-object slit spectroscopic measurements of their Hα emission lines. Hα rotational velocities and gas velocity dispersions are measured using the Heidelberg Emission Line Algorithm (HELA), which compares directly to simulated 3D data cubes. Using a suite of simulated emission lines, we determine that HELA reliably recovers input S
0.5 and angular momentum at small offsets, but V
2.2/σ

g
values are offset and highly scattered. We examine the role of regular and irregular morphology in the stellar mass kinematic scaling relations, deriving the kinematic measurement S
0.5, and finding

with no significant offset between morphological populations and similar levels of scatter (∼0.16 dex). Additionally, we identify a correlation between M
⋆ and V
2.2/σ

g
for the total sample, showing an increasing level of rotation dominance with increasing M
⋆, and a high level of scatter for both regular and irregular galaxies. We estimate the specific angular momenta (j
disk) of these galaxies and find a slope of 0.36 ± 0.12, shallower than predicted without mass-dependent disk growth, but this result is possibly due to measurement uncertainty at M
⋆ < 9.5 However, through a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test we find irregular galaxies to have marginally higher j
disk values than regular galaxies, and high scatter at low masses in both populations.
Chemically Dissected Rotation Curves of the Galactic Bulge from Main-sequence Proper Motions*
Authors: Clarkson William I. , Calamida Annalisa , Sahu Kailash C. , Brown Thomas M. , Gennaro Mario , Avila Roberto J. , Valenti Jeff , Debattista Victor P. , Rich R. Michael , Minniti Dante , Zoccali Manuela , Aufdemberge Emily R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We report results from an exploratory study implementing a new probe of Galactic evolution using archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations. Precise proper motions are combined with photometric relative metallicity and temperature indices, to produce the proper-motion rotation curves of the Galactic bulge separately for metal-poor and metal-rich main-sequence samples. This provides a “pencil-beam” complement to large-scale wide-field surveys, which to date have focused on the more traditional bright giant branch tracers. We find strong evidence that the Galactic bulge rotation curves drawn from “metal-rich” and “metal-poor” samples are indeed discrepant. The “metal-rich” sample shows greater rotation amplitude and a steeper gradient against line-of-sight distance, as well as possibly a stronger central concentration along the line of sight. This may represent a new detection of differing orbital anisotropy between metal-rich and metal-poor bulge objects. We also investigate selection effects that would be implied for the longitudinal proper-motion cut often used to isolate a “pure-bulge” sample. Extensive investigation of synthetic stellar populations suggests that instrumental and observational artifacts are unlikely to account for the observed rotation curve differences. Thus, proper-motion-based rotation curves can be used to probe chemodynamical correlations for main-sequence tracer stars, which are orders of magnitude more numerous in the Galactic bulge than the bright giant branch tracers. We discuss briefly the prospect of using this new tool to constrain detailed models of Galactic formation and evolution.