bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Mirogabalin When Coadministered With Lorazepam, Zolpidem, Tramadol, or Ethanol: Results From Drug‐Drug Interaction Studies in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Jansen Mendel , Mendell Jeanne , Currie Alexander , Dow James , He Ling , Merante Domenico , Dishy Victor , Ishizuka Hitoshi , Zahir Hamim 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFour randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 4‐period drug‐drug interaction studies were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between mirogabalin and commonly used central nervous system depressants. Mirogabalin or placebo was administered alone or with single‐dose lorazepam, zolpidem, tramadol, ethanol, or interacting drug placebo. Safety was assessed and serial samples for pharmacokinetic parameters were collected for up to 48 hours postdose. PD assessments included body sway (except tramadol), digit symbol substitution test, vertigo symptom scale short form, brief ataxia rating scale, and the Bond and Lader visual analog scale. Coadministration of mirogabalin with any of the 4 drugs did not cause any clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions. Peak mirogabalin concentration decreased by 28% (least squares mean ratio, 0.72; 90% confidence interval, [CI] 0.67, 0.76) following tramadol coadministration, and increased by 20% (least squares mean ratio, 1.20; 90%CI, 1.12, 1.28) following ethanol coadministration. Mirogabalin alone had little to no effect on PD parameters, but coadministration of mirogabalin with either lorazepam or ethanol increased the PD effects in body sway and digit symbol substitution test assays. Mirogabalin/lorazepam and mirogabalin/zolpidem increased occurrence of somnolence. Increased incidence of nausea and headache was noted with mirogabalin/tramadol and mirogabalin/ethanol, respectively.
A cost‐effective attack matrix based key management scheme with dominance key set for wireless sensor network security
Authors: Ahlawat Priyanka , Dave Mayank 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo guarantee the proper functionality of wireless sensor network even in the presence of the potential threats, a well‐designed key management scheme is very important. The assumptions about attackers critically influence the performance of security mechanisms. This paper investigates the problem of node capture from adversarial view point in which the adversary intelligently exploits the different vulnerabilities of the network to establish a cost‐effective attack matrix. To counteract such attacks, the defender or the network designer constructs similar attack matrix. The defender will identify a set of critical nodes and use the key compromise relationship to assign a key dominance rank to each node of the network. The key dominance rank quantifies the possibility of attack on a particular node. It is used to determine the hash chain length. It is also used to improve the security of path key establishment as well as rekeying of the proposed scheme. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed with other existing schemes, and it is shown that it outperforms with increased resilience against node capture, reduced number of hash computations, reduced key compromise probability of proxy nodes, and reduced number of revoked links during rekeying process.
Contemporary evolution and scaling of 32 major cities in China
Authors: Zhao Shuqing , Liu Shuguang , Xu Chunxue , Yuan Wenping , Sun Yan , Yan Wende , Zhao Meifang , Henebry Geoffrey M. , Fang Jingyun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMost of the planet's population currently lives in urban areas, and urban land expansion is one of the most dramatic forms of land conversion. Understanding how cities evolve temporally, spatially, and organizationally in a rapidly urbanizing world is critical for sustainable development. However, few studies have examined the coevolution of urban attributes in time and space simultaneously and the adequacy of power law scaling across cities and through time, particularly in countries that have experienced abrupt, widespread, political and economic changes. Here, we show the temporal coevolution of multiple physical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental attributes in individual cities, and the cross‐city scaling of urban attributes at six time points (i.e., 1978, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010) in 32 major Chinese cities. We found that power law scaling could adequately characterize both the cross‐city scaling of urban attributes across cities and the longitudinal scaling describing the temporal coevolution of urban attributes within individual cities. The cross‐city scaling properties demonstrated substantial changes over time signifying evolved social and economic forces. A key finding was that the cross‐city linear or superlinear scaling of urban area with population contradicts the theoretical sublinear power law scaling proposed between infrastructure and population. Furthermore, the cross‐city scaling between area and population transitioned from linear to superlinear over time, and the superlinear scaling in recent times suggests decreased infrastructure efficiency. Our results demonstrate a diseconomy of scale in urban areal expansion that indicates a significant waste of land resources in the urbanization process. Future planning efforts should focus on policies that increase urban land use efficiency before continuing expansion.
Complementarity of electrophoretic, mass spectrometric, and gene sequencing techniques for the diagnosis and characterization of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Bruneel Arnaud , Cholet Sophie , Drouin‐Garraud Valérie , Jacquemont Marie‐Line , Cano Aline , Mégarbané André , Ruel Coralie , Cheillan David , Dupré Thierry , Vuillaumier‐Barrot Sandrine , Seta Nathalie , Fenaille François 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare autosomal genetic diseases affecting the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Since CDG‐related clinical symptoms are classically extremely variable and nonspecific, a combination of electrophoretic, mass spectrometric, and gene sequencing techniques is often mandatory for obtaining a definitive CDG diagnosis, as well as identifying causative gene mutations and deciphering the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Here, we illustrate the potential of integrating data from capillary electrophoresis of transferrin, two‐dimensional electrophoresis of N‐ and O‐glycoproteins, mass spectrometry analyses of total serum N‐linked glycans and mucin core1 O‐glycosylated apolipoprotein C‐III for the determination of various culprit CDG gene mutations. “Step‐by‐step” diagnosis pathways of four particular and new CDG cases, including MGAT2‐CDG, ATP6V0A2‐CDG, SLC35A2‐CDG, and SLC35A3‐CDG, are described as illustrative examples.
Anchoring K+ in Li+ Sites of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode Material to Suppress its Structural Degradation During High‐Voltage Cycling
Authors: Zhao Junkai , Wang Zhixing , Wang Jiexi , Guo Huajun , Li Xinhai , Gui Weihua , Chen Ning , Yan Guochun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe rapid rise of electrode impedance and capacity decay of Ni‐rich layered cathode materials during high‐voltage cycling are rooted in their severe structural degradation. Here we present a feasible strategy, anchoring ∼1 % K+ into the Li+ sites of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 as an excellent structural stabilizer, to overcome aforementioned issues, and the similarities and differences in terms of modification mechanism is compared with Na+. Showing difference with Na+ that tends to migrate into electrolyte during high‐voltage cycling, K+ occupies in Li+ site firmly because of its larger ionic radius and lower migrating ability, which sustainably prevent the irreversible phase transition between two hexagonal phases (H2 and H3) and impede the cation migration in highly delithiated state, thus suppressing the structural degradation. Benefiting from these merits, Li0.99K0.01Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 delivers a large initial discharge capacity of 217 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and maintains stable cycling at 1 C in a high voltage of 4.6 V (remaining 87.4 % of its initial capacity after 150 cycles). The mechanism proposed in this work, accounting for enhanced structural stability under high‐voltage cycling by K+ anchoring in Ni‐rich cathode materials, provides a vital hint for rational designing advanced cathode materials to pursue high energy density Li‐ion batteries.
Mapping and spatial‐temporal assessment of gully density in the Middle Volga region, Russia
Authors: Golosov Valentin , Yermolaev Oleg , Rysin Ivan , Vanmaercke Matthias , Medvedeva Regina , Zaytseva Mariya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA large‐scale mapping of gully density was carried out for the Middle Volga region of the Russian Plain (188 000 km2) based on the interpretation of aerial photographs (scale 1:17 000; surveys undertaken during 1956–1970). In addition, spatial‐temporal dynamic of gully density were assessed for some parts of the study area (the Udmurt Republic and the Mesha and Ulema River basins of Tatarstan), based on the interpretation of aerial photographs (survey 1986–1991) and high resolution satellite images (2012–2015). Information on factors potentially controlling gully formation and development were collected and a geographic information system (GIS) analysis was conducted. Results show the strong development of gullies in the study area over the 1956–1970 period with an average gully density of 0.21 km km−2. For the Udmurt region, we found that gully densities varied little in the period 1956–1986, during which the total active gully length reduced with only 2%. This period was characterized by low variable climatic conditions and a stable fraction of arable land with a relatively continuous crop rotation system. However, gully dynamics seems to have changed more strongly during recent decades. We found a strong (order of magnitude) reduction in active gully density for the period 2010–2015 as compared to 1986–1991. The main reason for this is likely the increasing winter air temperatures. This leads to a significant reduction in surface runoff during spring as a result of snowmelt. Nonetheless, in some regions (i.e. the Udmurt Republic in the taiga zone), the abandonment of arable land after 1991 likely plays a significant role. Likewise, a decline in the frequency of extreme rainfall events (> 50 mm) may have played a role. All of these factors contribute to a reduction of surface runoff to the gullies and their subsequent stabilization. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of liquid fuel boilover behavior in normal and low pressures
Authors: Chen Qinpei , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Xuehui , Zhao Jinfei , Zhou Tiannian , Ding Chao , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo elucidate the effect of pressure on liquid fuel boilover, a series of field experiments were carried out using a portable measuring setup at Hefei (Alt.: 0 m, P: 101 kPa) and Lhasa (Alt.: 3650 m, P: 64 kPa). It is found that for a given size of pan, the boilover premonitory onset time tp and the boilover onset time tb are delayed; the intensity of boilover is weaker in low pressure. For a given pressure, tp and tb in larger pan are shorter. In addition, the boiling point of water is still the critical of boilover premonitory period in low pressure, and the critical temperature at the interface is reduced as pressure drops when boilover occurs. Then a prediction equation was made to explain the effect of atmospheric pressure on tp and tb, which proves that the pan diameter has a negative correlation against with tp and tb, and there is a negative correlation between the boilover premonitory onset time tp and the low pressure PL when PL > 10 kPa.
Robust model rankings of forecasting performance
Authors: Bhattacharya Prasad Sankar , Thomakos Dimitrios D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates robust model rankings in out‐of‐sample, short‐horizon forecasting. We provide strong evidence that rolling window averaging consistently produces robust model rankings while improving the forecasting performance of both individual models and model averaging. The rolling window averaging outperforms the (ex post) “optimal” window forecasts in more than 50% of the times across all rolling windows.
Incorporating Suborganismal Processes into Dynamic Energy Budget Models for Ecological Risk Assessment
Authors: Murphy Cheryl A , Nisbet Roger M , Antczak Philipp , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia , Gergs Andre , Lika Konstadia , Mathews Teresa , Muller Erik B , Nacci Diane , Peace Angela , Remien Christopher H , Schultz Irvin R , Stevenson Louise M , Watanabe Karen H 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

A working group at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) explored the feasibility of integrating 2 complementary approaches relevant to ecological risk assessment. Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) models provide “bottom-up” mechanisms to predict specific toxicological effects that could affect an individual's ability to grow, reproduce, and/or survive from a molecular initiating event. Dynamic energy budget (DEB) models offer a “top-down” approach that reverse engineers stressor effects on growth, reproduction, and/or survival into modular characterizations related to the acquisition and processing of energy resources. Thus, AOP models quantify linkages between measurable molecular, cellular, or organ-level events, but they do not offer an explicit route to integratively characterize stressor effects at higher levels of organization. While DEB models provide the inherent basis to link effects on individuals to those at the population and ecosystem levels, their use of abstract variables obscures mechanistic connections to suborganismal biology. To take advantage of both approaches, we developed a conceptual model to link DEB and AOP models by interpreting AOP key events as measures of damage-inducing processes affecting DEB variables and rates. We report on the type and structure of data that are generated for AOP models that may also be useful for DEB models. We also report on case studies under development that merge information collected for AOPs with DEB models and highlight some of the challenges. Finally, we discuss how the linkage of these 2 approaches can improve ecological risk assessment, with possibilities for progress in predicting population responses to toxicant exposures within realistic environments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:615–624. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points
Adverse outcome pathways and dynamic energy budgets both attempt to scale suborganismal processes to population, but they do so in different ways. Adverse outcome pathways employ a bottom-up approach, while dynamic energy budgets use a top-down approach. Linking these 2 approaches involves use of a damage variable and either changing feedbacks in DEB, applying modules to DEB, or correlating damage to DEB fluxes. Linking these 2 approaches improves both methods because more cellular and molecular information can be incorporated into an organismal model that handles energetic trade-offs between physiological processes.
Quantifying the effects of embryonic phenotypic plasticity on adult phenotypes in reptiles: A review of current knowledge and major gaps
Authors: Mitchell Timothy S. , Janzen Fredric J. , Warner Daniel A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStudies of reptiles have contributed greatly to understanding the impacts of developmental environments on offspring phenotypes. A major challenge for these studies, however, is quantifying the effects of embryonic environments on adult phenotypes and reproductive success. Such measurements may be necessary to gain full insight into the evolution of plasticity, as well as the long‐term consequences of plasticity under environmental change. Unfortunately, most studies of reptile developmental plasticity only measure phenotypic traits of offspring at hatching, and rarely evaluate effects on subsequent adult phenotypes. This lack of information highlights a major gap in this active field. In this review, we first discuss conceptual issues regarding the ecology and evolution of plasticity to provide justification for long‐term studies necessary to measure adult phenotypes. Second, we review case studies of reptiles that assessed the effects of developmental environments on adult phenotypes and/or reproduction, and we highlight the valuable insights that they provide. Importantly, we illustrate that terminating studies during early‐life stages can lead to incomplete or even misleading interpretations. Third, we discuss the pros and cons of different experimental approaches for quantifying long‐term effects of developmental environments. Overall, devoted long‐term studies on taxa with diverse ecologies and life histories will provide major advances in the field of developmental plasticity.
Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus
Authors: Aulsebrook Anne E. , Jones Therésa M. , Mulder Raoul A. , Lesku John A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNatural cycles of light and darkness govern the timing of most aspects of animal behavior and physiology. Artificial light at night (ALAN)—a recent and pervasive form of pollution—can mask natural photoperiodic cues and interfere with biological rhythms. One such rhythm vulnerable to perturbation is the sleep–wake cycle. ALAN may greatly influence sleep in humans and wildlife, particularly in animals that sleep predominantly at night. There has been some recent evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, but critical questions remain. Some of these can be addressed by adopting approaches already entrenched in sleep research. In this paper, we review the current evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, highlight gaps in our understanding, and suggest opportunities for future research.
Enzyme–Polymer Conjugates to Enhance Enzyme Shelf Life in a Liquid Detergent Formulation
Authors: Kübelbeck Sonja , Mikhael Jules , Keller Harald , Konradi Rupert , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette , Baier Grit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of enzyme–polymer conjugates is reported. Four different activated polymers (mPEG‐aldehyde, mPEG‐NHS, maltodextrin‐aldehyde, carboxymethyl cellulose aldehyde) are conjugated to the surface of protease, α‐amylase, and lipase using two different strategies (reductive amination and alkylation with NHS‐activated acid). Although the chemical modification of the enzymes is accompanied by losses in enzyme activity (maximum loss 40%), the covalent attachment of polymers increases the thermal stability and the stability in a standard detergent formulation compared to the unmodified enzymes. The enzyme–polymer conjugates are characterized by asymmetrical‐flow field‐flow fractionation and differential scanning microcalorimetry. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that conjugated enzymes still show performance in a real washing process. Enzyme–polymer conjugates show a potential as a stabilizing system for enzymes in detergents.
Hydrolyzed Poly(2‐plenyl‐2‐oxazoline)s in Aqueous Media and Biological Fluids
Authors: Vlassi Eleni , Papagiannopoulos Aristeidis , Pispas Stergios 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHydrolyzed poly(2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline)s (PPhOx) are synthesized by partial hydrolysis of PPhOx in order to produce self‐assembling copolymers with chargeable and hydrophobic units. The resulting poly(ethylene imine‐co‐2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline) [P(EI‐co‐PhOx)] amphiphilic copolymers contain phenyl‐oxazoline and ethylene imine segments in a random sequence and their chemical structure is confirmed by 1H NMR and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Static and dynamic light scattering experiments show that in aqueous solutions the random copolymers associate into aggregates of sizes in the range between 50 and 200 nm depending on the solution conditions and hydrophobic content. The positive charge of the nanoaggregates that is caused by protonation of the amine nitrogen is confirmed by zeta potential measurements. Self‐assembly in phosphate buffered saline results in large aggregates. The aggregates are proved to interact with fetal bovine serum proteins. This investigation shows that hydrolyzed phenyl oxazoline‐based copolymers provide stable amphiphilic nanoparticles able to interact with biological macromolecules for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
Overview of the Experimental Trends in Water‐Assisted Injection Molding
Authors: Liu Xianhu , Pan Yamin , Zheng Guoqiang , Liu Hu , Chen Qiang , Dong Mengyao , Liu Chuntai , Zhang Jiaoxia , Wang Ning , Wujcik Evan K. , Li Tingxi , Shen Changyu , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years, a new and promising polymer processing technology known as water‐assisted injection molding (WAIM) has attracted attention not only for academic reasons but also for its industrial applications. WAIM technology provides a new way to fabricate hollow or other complicated products due to its faster cycling time and light weight. This paper aims to give an overview of the basic principles and applications of WAIM as well as the current research status in academia. The origin and development of WAIM technology are first described and then, their advantages and applications are given. This review focuses on the experimental trends of WAIM such as computer simulation, the effect of processing parameters on the WAIM samples, and the morphology as well as related WAIM–molded composites and polymer blends' work.
How complete is the information on preadmission psychotropic medications in inpatients with dementia? A comparison of hospital medical records with dispensing data
Authors: Pisa Federica Edith , Palese Francesca , Romanese Federico , Barbone Fabio , Logroscino Giancarlo , Riedel Oliver 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesReliable information on preadmission medications is essential for inpatients with dementia, but its quality has hardly been evaluated. We assessed the completeness of information and factors associated with incomplete recording.MethodsWe compared preadmission medications recorded in hospital electronic medical records (EMRs) with community‐pharmacy dispensations in hospitalizations with discharge code for dementia at the University Hospital of Udine, Italy, 2012–2014. We calculated: (a) prevalence of omissions (dispensed medication not recorded in EMRs), additions (medication recorded in EMRs not dispensed), and discrepancies (any omission or addition); (b) multivariable logistic regression odds ratio, with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), of ≥1 omission.ResultsAmong 2,777 hospitalizations, 86.1% had ≥1 discrepancy for any medication (Kappa 0.10) and 33.4% for psychotropics. When psychotropics were recorded in EMR, antipsychotics were added in 71.9% (antidepressants: 29.2%, antidementia agents: 48.2%); when dispensed, antipsychotics were omitted in 54.4% (antidepressants: 52.7%, antidementia agents: 41.5%). Omissions were 92% and twice more likely in patients taking 5 to 9 and ≥10 medications (vs. 0 to 4), 17% in patients with psychiatric disturbances (vs. none), and 41% with emergency admission (vs. planned).ConclusionPsychotropics, commonly used in dementia, were often incompletely recorded. To enhance information completeness, both EMRs and dispensations should be used.