bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion dysregulation and eating disorders—Associations with diagnostic presentation and key symptoms
Authors: Monell Elin , Clinton David , Birgegård Andreas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveEmotion dysregulation seems involved in the development, maintenance, and outcome of eating disorders (EDs). The present study aimed to differentiate patients with EDs from a comparison group on emotion dysregulation, and to examine emotion dysregulation in relation to ED diagnostic presentation and ED symptoms.MethodParticipants, patients with EDs (N = 999) and a student comparison group (N = 252), completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Patients were compared to the comparison group and compared by diagnosis regarding emotion dysregulation, and unique associations between emotion dysregulation aspects and ED symptoms were examined.ResultsPatients reported greater general emotion dysregulation than the comparison group, especially poorer emotional awareness and clarity. There were very few diagnostic differences. In both patients and the comparison group, limited access to emotion regulation strategies was associated with cognitive ED symptoms, and presence of binge eating in the comparison group. In patients, poor emotional awareness and emotional non‐acceptance were additionally associated with cognitive symptoms, and difficulties in impulse control and emotional non‐acceptance were associated with binge eating.DiscussionEmotion dysregulation is an important transdiagnostic characteristic of ED. Results suggest interventions that enhance emotional awareness and acceptance, as well as emotion regulation skills training, in both ED treatment and prevention.
Disordered eating behaviors and cardiometabolic risk among young adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Garber Andrea K. , Tabler Jennifer , Murray Stuart B. , Vittinghoff Eric , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if unhealthy weight control behaviors or binge‐eating behaviors among young adults with overweight/obesity are associated with body mass index (BMI) change and cardiometabolic risk at 7‐year follow‐up.MethodsWe used longitudinal cohort data from 5,552 young adults with overweight/obesity at baseline (18–24 years) with 7‐year follow‐up (24–32 years) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Baseline predictors were: (a) unhealthy weight control behaviors such as vomiting, fasting, skipping meals, or laxative/diuretic use to lose weight; or (b) binge‐eating behaviors. Participants reporting either unhealthy weight control behaviors or binge‐eating behaviors were considered to engage in any disordered eating behavior (DEB). Outcomes at 7‐year follow‐up were BMI change, incident diabetes, incident hypertension, and incident hyperlipidemia.ResultsYoung adults with overweight/obesity reporting unhealthy weight control behaviors at baseline had higher BMI and weight at 7‐year follow‐up than those without unhealthy weight control behaviors. In regression models adjusting for baseline BMI, race/ethnicity, age, and education, unhealthy weight control behaviors were associated with greater change in BMI in both sexes and binge‐eating behavior at baseline was associated with greater odds of incident hyperlipidemia (odds ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.29–2.79) at 7‐year follow‐up in males.ConclusionsThe higher risk for increased BMI (in both males and females) and incident hyperlipidemia (in males) over time in young adults with overweight/obesity who engage in DEBs underscores the need to screen for DEBs in this population and provide referrals and tailored interventions as appropriate.
Parsing propagule pressure: Number, not size, of introductions drives colonization success in a novel environment
Authors: Koontz Michael J. , Oldfather Meagan F. , Melbourne Brett A. , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPredicting whether individuals will colonize a novel habitat is of fundamental ecological interest and is crucial to conservation efforts. A consistently supported predictor of colonization success is the number of individuals introduced, also called propagule pressure. Propagule pressure increases with the number of introductions and the number of individuals per introduction (the size of the introduction), but it is unresolved which process is a stronger driver of colonization success. Furthermore, their relative importance may depend upon the environment, with multiple introductions potentially enhancing colonization of fluctuating environments. To evaluate the relative importance of the number and size of introductions and its dependence upon environmental variability, we paired demographic simulations with a microcosm experiment. Using Tribolium flour beetles as a model system, we introduced a fixed number of individuals into replicated novel habitats of stable or fluctuating quality, varying the number of introductions through time and size of each introduction. We evaluated establishment probability and the size of extant populations through seven generations. We found that establishment probability generally increased with more, smaller introductions, but was not affected by biologically realistic fluctuations in environmental quality. Population size was not significantly affected by environmental variability in the simulations, but populations in the microcosms grew larger in a stable environment, especially with more introduction events. In general, the microcosm experiment yielded higher establishment probability and larger populations than the demographic simulations. We suggest that genetic mechanisms likely underlie these differences and thus deserve more attention in efforts to parse propagule pressure. Our results highlight the importance of preventing further introductions of undesirable species to invaded sites and suggest conservation efforts should focus on increasing the number of introductions or reintroductions of desirable species rather than increasing the size of those introduction events into harsh environments.
A peatland productivity and decomposition parameter database
Authors: Bona Kelly Ann , Hilger Arlene , Burgess Magdalena , Wozney Nicole , Shaw Cindy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA peatland productivity and decomposition parameter database was compiled to estimate parameters for the Canadian Model for Peatlands (CaMP); a module developed by the Canadian Forest Service to address the need for national‐scale greenhouse gas emission estimates from peatlands present in the forested area of Canada. Data were compiled for 186 peatland sites from 69 sources. The SITES table contains wetland classification, tree classification, province or state, country, latitude, longitude, and an indication of coordinate accuracy. The NPP ALL table contains annual net primary productivity (NPP; g·m−2·yr−1) data for cases where one estimate for NPP was reported for all aboveground vegetation. The NPP SHRUB, NPP MOSS, and NPP HERB SEDGE tables each contain a classification of species (if available) or vegetation layer and their NPP (g·m−2·yr−1). The BIOMASS TREE, BIOMASS SHRUB, BIOMASS HERB SEDGE, and BIOMASS MOSS tables each contain a classification of species (if available) or vegetation layer and their standing aboveground biomass (g/m2). Shrubs in the NPP SHRUB and BIOMASS SHRUB tables were further classified into low or tall shrubs, and plants in the NPP HERB and BIOMASS HERB tables into herbs or sedges. The DECAY LITTER table contains decomposition parameters for different litter types and contains a classification of the type of decomposition study, study duration, information on experimental treatments, classification of above‐ or belowground plant parts, plant species, litter classification, root litter diameter, indication of hardwood or softwood, indication of evergreen or non‐evergreen, litter bag depth classification, classes for bag placement relative to the water table and relative to the peat surface, water table depth, decay rate (k exponent), and mass loss values for years 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, and 23 of a decomposition study. The REFERENCES table contains complete citation information and provides links to the source reference pdf file. This data set is vital to the national Canadian peatland modeling effort and should be useful to other peatland scientists and ecosystem modelers. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2018. Information contained in this publication or product may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, for personal or public non‐commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, unless otherwise specified. You are asked to exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; indicate the complete title of the materials reproduced, and the name of the author organization; and indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with, or with the endorsement of, NRCan. Commercial reproduction and distribution are prohibited except with written permission from NRCan. For more information, contact NRCan at copyright.droitdauteur@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca.
Local adaptation reduces the metabolic cost of environmental warming
Authors: Moffett Emma R. , Fryxell David C. , Palkovacs Eric P. , Kinnison Michael T. , Simon Kevin S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetabolism shapes the ecosystem role of organisms by dictating their energy demand and nutrient recycling potential. Metabolic theory (MTE) predicts consumer metabolic and recycling rates will rise with warming, especially if body size declines, but it ignores potential for adaptation. We measured metabolic and nutrient excretion rates of individuals from populations of a globally invasive fish that colonized sites spanning a wide temperature range (19–37°C) on two continents within the last 100 yr. Fish body size declined across our temperature gradient and MTE predicted large rises in population energy demand and nutrient recycling. However, we found that the allometry and temperature dependency of metabolism varied in a countergradient pattern with local temperature in a way that offset predictions of MTE. Scaling of nutrient excretion was more variable and did not track temperature. Our results suggest that adaptation can reduce the metabolic cost of warming, increasing the prospects for population persistence under extreme warming scenarios.
Pulmonary hypertension in chronic heart failure: definitions, advances, and unanswered issues
Authors: Berthelot Emmanuelle , Bauer Fabrice , Eicher Jean‐Christophe , Flécher Erwan , Gellen Barnabas , Guihaire Julien , Guijarro Damien , Roul Gérald , Salvat Muriel , Tribouilloy Christophe , Zores Florian , Lamblin Nicolas , de Groote Pascal , Damy Thibaud 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common and severe complication of heart failure (HF). Consequently, HF is the leading cause of PH. For many years, specialists have attempted to better understand the pathophysiology of PH in HF, to define its prevalence and its impact on prognosis in order to improve the therapeutic management of these patients. Nowadays, despite the recent guidelines published on the subject, several points remain unclear or debated, and until now, no study has demonstrated the efficacy of any treatment. The aim of this review is to report the evolution of the concepts on post‐capillary PH (diagnosis, prevalence, prognosis, and therapeutics). The main issues are raised, focusing especially on the link between structural alterations and haemodynamic abnormalities, to discuss the possible reasons for treatment failures and future potential targets.
Effect of variety and drying temperature on physicochemical quality, functional property, and sensory acceptability of dried onion powder
Authors: Seifu Muhaba , Tola Yetenayet B. , Mohammed Ali , Astatkie Tessema 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn Ethiopia, onion is one of the most important vegetables/spices produced as a source of cash income and for flavoring foods. However, postharvest loss during storage remains a major challenge. In this study, the effects of variety (Bombay red, Qellafo and Sweet carolin) and drying temperature (Fresh, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90°C) on physicochemical quality, functional property, and sensory acceptability of dried onion powder were determined. The results indicated that total color change of Bombay red was not affected by temperature, but Qellafo and Sweet carolin varieties showed an increase in color change as drying temperature increases. Bulk density, shrinkage ratio, and water hydration capacity increased with increasing temperature for all three varieties. The degradation of vitamin C, pyruvic acid, and desired sensory attributes increased with increasing oven drying temperature. All in all, Qellafo dried at 70°C for 5 hr was found to be desirable for production of dehydrated onion powder. The findings of this study will allow the identification of the best of the three commonly grown onion varieties in Ethiopia, and the preferred temperature for production of dried onion with minimal negative effect on physicochemical, functional, nutritional, and sensory properties.
Scavenging effect of pasipay (passiflora incarnate L.) on singlet oxygen generation and fatty acid photooxygenation
Authors: Hajimohammadi Mahdi , Nosrati Parisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnthracene as a chemical probe is usually used to trap the singlet oxygen and then detection and quantification can be based on absorbance. In this study, oxidation of anthracene declared that rate of singlet oxygen quenching in the presence of pasipay (passiflora incarnate L.) as a natural antioxidant, 1,4 Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) as a well‐known singlet oxygen scavenger and highly effective synthetic antioxidants in food industry such as Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert‐Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) decreased in the order of DABCO >pasipay > TBHQ > BHT > BHA. On the other hand, lipid photooxidation is the undesirable chemical process in which singlet oxygen result in the peroxidation of fatty acids. The results of this study also showed that oleic acid oxidation with singlet oxygen in the presence of pasipay (contains 0.4576 mg flavonoid compounds) diminished about 11% which shows pasipay has an effective role to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Structure tensor informed fibre tractography at 3T
Authors: Chan Kwok‐Shing , Norris David G. , Marques José P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStructure tensor informed fibre tractography (STIFT) based on informing tractography for diffusion‐weighted images at 3T and by utilising the structure tensor obtained from gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) images at 7T is able to delineate fibres when seed voxels are placed close to the fibre boundaries. However, incorporating data from two different field strengths limits the applicability of STIFT. In this study, STIFT was implemented with both diffusion‐weighted images and GRE images acquired at 3T. Instead of using the magnitude GRE data directly for STIFT as in the previous work, the utility of T2* maps and quantitative susceptibility maps derived from complex‐valued GRE data to improve fibre delineation was explored. Single‐seed tractography was performed and the results show that the optic radiation reconstructed with STIFT is more distinguishable from the inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus complex when compared to standard diffusion‐weighted imaging tractography. We further investigated the quantitative effects of STIFT in a group of five healthy volunteers and evaluated its impact on measures of structural connectivity. The framework was extended to evaluate implementations of STIFT based on T2*‐weighted and quantitative susceptibility‐weighted images in a whole‐brain connectivity study. In terms of connectivity, no systematic differences were found between STIFT and diffusion‐weighted imaging tractography, suggesting that local improvements in tractography are not translated to the atlas‐based structural connectivity analysis. Nevertheless, the reduction in the number of statistically significant connections in the STIFT connectivity matrix suggests that STIFT can potentially reduce the false‐positive connections in fibre tractography.
Evoked directional network characteristics of epileptogenic tissue derived from single pulse electrical stimulation
Authors: van Blooijs Dorien , Leijten Frans S. S. , van Rijen Peter C. , Meijer Hil G. E. , Huiskamp Geertjan J. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigated effective networks constructed from single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) in epilepsy patients who underwent intracranial electrocorticography. Using graph analysis, we compared network characteristics of tissue within and outside the epileptogenic area. In 21 patients with subdural electrode grids (1 cm interelectrode distance), we constructed a binary, directional network derived from SPES early responses (<100 ms). We calculated in‐degree, out‐degree, betweenness centrality, the percentage of bidirectional, receiving and activating connections, and the percentage of connections toward the (non‐)epileptogenic tissue for each node in the network. We analyzed whether these network measures were significantly different in seizure onset zone (SOZ)‐electrodes compared to non‐SOZ electrodes, in resected area (RA)‐electrodes compared to non‐RA electrodes, and in seizure free compared to not seizure‐free patients. Electrodes in the SOZ/RA showed significantly higher values for in‐degree and out‐degree, both at group level, and at patient level, and more so in seizure‐free patients. These differences were not observed for betweenness centrality. There were also more bidirectional and fewer receiving connections in the SOZ/RA in seizure‐free patients. It appears that the SOZ/RA is densely connected with itself, with only little input arriving from non‐SOZ/non‐RA electrodes. These results suggest that meso‐scale effective network measures are different in epileptogenic compared to normal brain tissue. Local connections within the SOZ/RA are increased and the SOZ/RA is relatively isolated from the surrounding cortex. This offers the prospect of enhanced prediction of epilepsy‐prone brain areas using SPES.
Adverse clinical and obstetric outcomes among pregnant women with different sickle cell disease genotypes
Authors: Silva Flávia A.C. , Ferreira Ana L.C.G. , Hazin‐Costa Manuela F. , Dias Marina L.G. , Araújo Aderson S. , Souza Ariani I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical and obstetric adverse events among pregnant women with sickle cell disease (SCD) according to genotype.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study enrolled women aged 15–49 years with SCD and prior pregnancy attending a hematology center in Recife, Brazil, between September 1, 2015, and April 30, 2016. Associations between sickle cell genotype (HbSS, HbSC, Sβ‐thalassemia) and adverse events were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 89 women were included; 74 (83%) had HbSS genotype, 8 (9%) had HbSC genotype, and 7 (8%) had Sβ‐thalassemia genotype. Fifty‐three (60%) self‐reported being of mixed race, and 27 (30%) self‐reported they were black. Blood transfusion was observed more frequently among women with HbSS than among those with HbSC genotype (P=0.007). Postpartum adverse events were more frequent in the Sβ‐thalassemia than in the HbSS group (P=0.030). Fetal intrauterine death occurred only among women with the HbSS genotype (11 [15%]). In the HbSS group, there was a higher frequency of blood transfusion (P=0.004) and lower rate of spontaneous abortion (P=0.001) among women with six or more consultations.ConclusionThe HbSS genotype was associated with a higher frequency of blood transfusion. Sβ‐thalassemia was associated with a higher frequency of postpartum adverse events. Prenatal care was associated with a lower rate of spontaneous abortion in the HbSS group.
Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, China
Authors: Schaefer Kimberly K. , Xiao Wanqing , Chen Qiaozhu , He Jianrong , Lu Jinhua , Chan Fanfan , Chen Niannian , Yuan Mingyang , Xia Huimin , Lam Kin Bong Hubert , Hirst Jane E. , Qiu Xiu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess potential risk factors in identifying women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThe present study included data collected as part of a prospective cohort study, and included women with singleton pregnancies who underwent initial prenatal examination at a tertiary women and children's hospital in Guangzhou, China between February 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015. Maternal characteristics and medical history were investigated to evaluate associations with GDM. A risk factor scoring system for the prediction of GDM was generated using logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 1129 (13.5%) of 8381 women were diagnosed with GDM. Women older than 35 years had a 3.95‐fold increased risk of GDM (95% confidence interval 2.80–5.58) compared with women aged 16–25 years; obese women had a 6.54‐fold higher risk (95% confidence interval 3.50–12.23) compared with underweight women. A risk scoring system was established based on age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, weight gain, and history of GDM. Screening for women with a score of 12 or more would have reduced the number undergoing oral glucose tolerance testing by 2131 (25.4%) patients with a sensitivity of 87% for GDM detection.ConclusionThe assessment of risk factors for GDM could provide a foundation for improving risk‐based screening strategies in this and similar populations.
Combined DCT‐Haar transforms for image compression
Authors: Dagher Issam , Saliba Mireille , Farah Rachelle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDiscrete Cosine Transform and Haar wavelet transform are very important transforms in image compression. The objective of this paper is to combine the advantages of these 2 transforms into one transform in order to get better peak‐signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (PSNR) and keeping good compression ratio. Our first approach was to apply separately on each 8x8 block the Haar and the DCT transforms. A signaling bit along the transform which gave better PSNR are quantized and transmitted. Our second approach was to construct a new hybrid transform which is a combination of these 2 transforms. We mixed both DCT and Haar transforms into one transform. Results show that our approach outperforms the existing DCT and Haar methods giving a higher PSNR than DCT for the same compression ratio, and permitting better edge recovery than the Haar transform.