bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M
assey,
D
oreen
Authors: Skelton Tracey 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Professor Doreen Massey (1944–2016) was a powerful, positive, critical academic‐activist who challenged and changed many aspects of geography, quite specifically through her work in regional and urban studies. She championed the significance and importance of space and place and decried the negative impacts of capitalism in everyday lives. Early in her career she channeled these ideas in the seminal text
Spatial Divisions of Labour
and latterly through a more theoretical lens in
For Space
. Massey's work and ideas were influential in a genuinely international context as she shared ideas with scholars, politicians, and people alike in different countries. As a stalwart actor at the Open University, a founding editor of
Soundings
, a journal of critical political and cultural debates, and a coauthor of the Kilburn Manifesto, Doreen Massey determinedly made academic theory and conceptualization meaningful and accessible beyond academia itself.
Cairo
Authors: Panetta Claire 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis entry traces the history and development of Cairo, the capital of Egypt, from its founding in the seventh centuryceto its emergence as a global megacity in the twenty‐first century. Located 100 miles south of the Mediterranean coast and comprised of the governorates of Giza, Cairo, and Qalyubia, the city is estimated to have a population of 20–22 million. It has long been considered the cultural and political heart of the Middle East – in part owing to its rich history as a center of trade and commerce, religious practice, cultural development, and political negotiation. In the contemporary context, Cairo faces myriad infrastructural challenges, from waste management to vehicular congestion to public housing. Nevertheless, the city continues to thrive according to its own logic as a vibrant, functioning metropolis.
LaPlata
Authors: Segura Ramiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis entry analyzes the urban history of the city of La Plata, a city planned to be the modern capital of the province of Buenos Aires at the end of the nineteenth century. The entry shows that the history of the city, its current situation, and its future constantly refer to the comparison between the “ideal city” as originally planned and the consolidation of the “real city” over more than a century of history.
And one more for the road: Commentary on the Special Issue on alcohol and eyewitness memory
Authors: Janssen Steve M.J. , Anne Michele 
Published: April 2019

SummaryStudies examining the influence of alcohol intoxication have reported mixed findings on whether it impairs eyewitness memory. Although the studies in this Special Issue investigated different questions and tested different variables, the findings of these studies collectively provide insight into mechanisms and methodological issues that may explain the ambiguous findings of alcohol intoxication and eyewitness memory. In this commentary, we first describe the experimental studies of this Special Issue. We then discuss four mechanisms that could underlie those mixed findings (alcohol myopia, disinhibition, hypervigilance, and metacognitive processes at retrieval). Last, we address methodological issues that may have contributed to those ambiguous findings (i.e., alcohol intoxication levels, automatic processing of stimuli, sensitivity of dependent variables, and possible interactions with arousal) and provide suggestions for future research to address these issues.
Initial Irreversible Losses and Enhanced High‐Temperature Performance of Rare‐Earth Permanent Magnets
Authors: Xia Wei , He Yangkun , Huang Houbing , Wang Hui , Shi Xiaoming , Zhang Tianli , Liu Jinghua , Stamenov Plamen , Chen Longqing , Coey John Michael David , Jiang Chengbao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for permanent magnets with high‐temperature stability. Normally, the magnets are heat treated above the operating temperature range to saturate the irreversible losses, thereby producing magnets that are stable, but with significantly degraded performance. In addition, uncertainty about the losses in differently shaped magnets causes difficulties for efficient magnetic circuit design. The variation of the initial irreversible losses with magnet shape, hysteresis loop, and operating temperature is presented here. Losses are not associated with thermal demagnetization of the whole magnet, but the damage is concentrated in an outer surface “skin” at the pole surfaces, where the demagnetizing field is nonuniform. The initial irreversible remanence loss at room temperature can be predicted as the product of the slope of the high‐temperature magnetization curvek(T) and the effective demagnetizing factor . Heat treatment with the vulnerable surfaces in contact with soft iron slabs moves the skin out of the permanent magnet and reduces the irreversible remanence loss by 30% or more, potentially improving the performance of permanent‐magnet motors, generators, bearings, and thrusters. The results deepen the understanding of the magnetism of irreversible losses and will guide the applications of permanent magnets at higher temperatures.
Highly Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaics with Spectrally Matched Fluorinated Phenylene‐Alkoxybenzothiadiazole‐Based Wide Bandgap Polymers
Authors: You Young‐Jun , Song Chang Eun , Hoang Quoc Viet , Kang Yoonmook , Goo Ji Soo , Ko Doo‐Hyun , Lee Jae‐Joon , Shin Won Suk , Shim Jae Won 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe unique electro‐optical features of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have led to their use in applications that focus on indoor energy harvesters. Various adoptable photoactive materials with distinct spectral absorption windows offer enormous potential for their use under various indoor light sources. An in‐depth study on the performance optimization of indoor OPVs is conducted using various photoactive materials with different spectral absorption ranges. Among the materials, the fluorinated phenylene‐alkoxybenzothiadiazole‐based wide bandgap polymer—poly[(5,6‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)‐alt‐(5,50‐(2,5‐difluoro‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(thiophen‐2‐yl))] (PDTBTBz‐2Fanti)‐contained photoactive layer—exhibits a superior spectrum matching with indoor lights, particularly a light‐emitting diode (LED), which results in an excellent power absorption ratio. These optical properties contribute to the state‐of‐the‐art performance of the PDTBTBz‐2Fanti:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)‐based OPV with an unprecedented high power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.1% under a 1000 lx LED. Finally, its indoor photovoltaic performance is observed to be better than that of an interdigitated‐back‐contact‐based silicon photovoltaic (PCE of 16.3%).
Improving Charge Transport via Intermediate‐Controlled Crystal Growth in 2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Liguo , Zhang Fei , Xiao Chuanxiao , Chen Xihan , Larson Bryon W. , Berry Joseph J. , Zhu Kai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReduced‐dimensional hybrid perovskite semiconductors have recently attracted significant attention due to their promising stability and optoelectronic properties. However, the issue of poor charge transport in 2D perovskites limits its application. Here, studies on intermediate‐controlled crystal growth are reported to improve charge carrier transport in 2D perovskite thin films. It is shown that the coordination strength of solvents with perovskite precursor affects the initial state of intermediate phase formation as well as the subsequent perovskite layer growth. Tuning the solvent composition with a mixture (5:5) of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to the growth of highly orientated 2D perovskite films with much‐improved optoelectronic properties (faster transport by ≈50x, longer carrier lifetime by ≈4x, and lower defect density by ≈30x) than the film prepared with pure DMF. Consequently, perovskite solar cells based on DMF/DMSO (5:5) show >80% efficiency improvement than the devices based on pure DMF.
Giant Barocaloric Effect at the Spin Crossover Transition of a Molecular Crystal
Authors: Vallone Steven P. , Tantillo Anthony N. , dos Santos António M. , Molaison Jamie J. , Kulmaczewski Rafal , Chapoy Antonin , Ahmadi Pezhman , Halcrow Malcolm A. , Sandeman Karl G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe first experimental evidence for a giant, conventional barocaloric effect (BCE) associated with a pressure‐driven spin crossover transition near room temperature is provided. Magnetometry, neutron scattering, and calorimetry are used to explore the pressure dependence of the SCO phase transition in polycrystalline samples of protonated and partially deuterated [FeL2][BF4]2 [L = 2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine] at applied pressures of up to 120 MPa (1200 bar). The data indicate that, for a pressure change of only 0–300 bar (0–30 MPa), an adiabatic temperature change of 3 K is observed at 262 K or 257 K in the protonated and deuterated materials, respectively. This BCE is equivalent to the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) observed in gadolinium in a magnetic field change of 0–1 Tesla. The work confirms recent predictions that giant, conventional BCEs will be found in a wide range of SCO compounds.
A Colorimetric Multifunctional Sensing Method for Structural‐Durability‐Health Monitoring Systems
Authors: Im Healin , Hong Seongin , Lee Yunsu , Lee Hanseung , Kim Sunkook 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA colorimetric multifunctional phototransmittance‐based structural durability monitoring system is developed. The system consists of an array with four indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)‐based phototransistors, a light source at a wavelength of 405 nm through a side‐emitting optical fiber, and pH‐ and Cl‐selective color‐variable membranes. Under illumination at the wavelength of 405 nm at corrosion status, the pH‐ and Cl‐responsive membrane, showing a change in their color, generates a change in the intensity of the transmitted light, which is received by the phototransistor array in the form of an electrical current. Ids and R (Ids/IpH 12) are inversely proportional to the pH, which ranges from 10 to 12. When the pH drops from 12 to 10, the magnitude of Ids and R increases to ≈103. In the case of Cl detection, Ids and R (Ids/ICl 0 wt%) increase nearly 50 times with an increase in Cl concentration of 0.05 wt%, and when the Cl concentration reaches 0.30 wt%, Ids and R increase to ≈103 times greater. This multifunctional colorimetric durability sensing system demonstrates considerable potential as a novel smart‐diagnostic tool of structural durability with high stability, high sensitivity, and multifunction.
Alcohols Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Defect‐Rich MoS2 and Their Applications in Humidity Sensing
Authors: Leng Xiaohui , Wang Yiming , Wang Fei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe influence of different alcohols on hydrothermal synthesis of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been studied. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope results show that MoS2 synthesized in water and water/polyethylene glycol exhibits good flower‐like crystallization while in ethanol/water, ethylene glycol/water, and glycerol/water, the MoS2 shows a smaller size of 3D flower structure and larger layer distance. Strong absorbance peaks in Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra indicate oxygen doping in MoS2. These defects from oxygen doping induce a good sensitivity to water vapor in the environment. A lower hydrothermal temperature (i.e., 180 and 200 °C) results in these defect rich MoS2 and benefits the humidity sensing performance.
Low Threshold Polariton Lasing from a Solution‐Processed Organic Semiconductor in a Planar Microcavity
Authors: Rajendran Sai Kiran , Wei Mengjie , Ohadi Hamid , Ruseckas Arvydas , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganic semiconductor materials are widely studied for light emission and lasing due to their ability to tune the emission wavelength through chemical structural modification and their relative ease of fabrication. Strong light–matter coupling is a promising route toward a coherent light source because it has the potential for polariton lasing without population inversion. However, the materials studied so far have relatively high thresholds for polariton lasing. Here, the suitability of pentafluorene for strong coupling and low threshold polariton lasing is reported. A protective buffer layer is used to reduce degradation during fabrication and the lasing threshold is lowered using negative detuning to maximize radiative decay. A low threshold of 17 µJ cm−2, corresponding to an absorbed energy density of 11.7 µJ cm−2, is obtained. This study shows that pentafluorene is an attractive material for polariton lasing and will assist in the development of low threshold electrically pumped lasing from polariton devices.
Donor Amine Salt‐Based Continuous in situ‐Product Crystallization in Amine Transaminase‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Hülsewede Dennis , Dohm Jan‐Niklas , von Langermann Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe unfavorable reaction equilibrium of transaminase‐catalyzed reactions is a major challenge for the efficient biocatalytic synthesis of chiral amines. In this study the synthetic utilization of a salt‐based, continuous in situ‐product crystallization is described to overcome the thermodynamic limit in amine transaminase‐reactions using only the commonly used amine donor isopropylamine. The simultaneous dissolution of isopropylammonium 3,3‐diphenylpropionate (donor salt) in combination with the crystallization of the product salt facilitates a thermodynamic shift of the continuous amine transaminase‐catalyzed reaction. The main process necessity is a lower product salt solubility in comparison to the applied donor salt. This concept facilitates a stoichiometric use of isopropylamine in combination with a significantly lowered concentration of the amines in solution.magnified image
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Transannulation of 4‐Methoxycyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone Tethered 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles: Synthesis of Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Derivatives
Authors: Zhu Cheng‐Zhi , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA Rh(II)‐catalyzed denitrogenative intramolecular transannulation using 4‐methoxycyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone tethered N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles as substrates has been developed, affording diversified 3‐methoxy‐1‐tosyl‐1‐azaspiro[5.5]undecanes in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. This new synthetic method proceeded through an oxonium ylide generated from trapping a rhodium(II)‐carbene by methoxy group, a methoxy group migration, and C−N bond formation, providing an interesting synthetic strategy for the construction of spirocyclic frameworks.magnified image
Co3O4 Supraparticle‐Based Bubble Nanofiber and Bubble Nanosheet with Remarkable Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Huang Jun , Xiao Yingbo , Peng Zhongyou , Xu Yazhou , Li Longbin , Tan Licheng , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHollow nanostructures based on transition metal oxides (TMOs) with high surface‐to‐volumetric ratio, low density, and high loading capacity have received great attention for energy‐related applications. However, the controllable fabrication of hybrid TMO‐based hollow nanostructures in a simple and scalable manner remains challenging. Herein, a simple and scalable strategy is used to prepare hierarchical carbon nanofiber (CNF)‐based bubble‐nanofiber‐structured and reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐based bubble‐nanosheet‐structured Co3O4 hollow supraparticle (HSP) composites (denoted as CNF/HSP‐Co3O4 and RGO/HSP‐Co3O4, respectively) by solution self‐assembly of ultrasmall Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) assisting with polydopamine (PDA) modification. It is proved that the electrochemical performance of Co3O4 NPs can be greatly enhanced by the rationally designed nanostructure of bubble‐like supraparticles combined with carbon materials as excellent electrodes for supercapacitors. The favorable structure and composition endow the hybrid electrode with high specific capacitance (1435 F g−1/1360 F g−1 at 1 A g−1/5 mV s−1) as well as fantastic rate capability. The asymmetric supercapacitors achieve an excellent maximum energy density of 51 W h kg−1 and superb electrochemical stability (92.3% retention after 10 000 cycles). This work suggests that the rational design of electrode materials with bubble‐like superstructures provides an opportunity for achieving high‐performance electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices.
Defining features of age‐specific fertility and seed quality in senescing indeterminate annuals
Authors: Dogra Harshita , Dani K. G. Srikanta 
Published: April 2019

Premise of the StudyA trade‐off between fertility and offspring viability underpins plant reproductive response to sub‐optimal environmental conditions. Senescence involves internal resource limitation, and it is a sub‐optimal body condition. We tested if senescence affects age‐specific fertility and seed viability (quality) in indeterminate annuals.MethodsFertility in individual pods on the monopodial indeterminate inflorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana and its big‐seeded relative Brassica nigra was quantified. The reproductive phase was divided into three phases: (1) early‐senescence (initial flowers) (2) mid‐senescence and (3) late‐senescence (wilting leaves). Seed‐viability probability as a function of pod position on the inflorescence (a proxy for parent's age) and seed position within pod was verified by germination tests in Brassica and then analysed using a binomial logistic regression model.Key ResultsAge‐specific fertility increased gradually, peaked, and then declined significantly during senescence in Arabidopsis and Brassica. Acropetal size distribution of rosette leaves was similar to that of pods (age‐specific fertility) in Arabidopsis. Seeds positioned closest to stigma tended to be heavier and more viable than others in highly fertile pods, characteristic of mid‐senescence phase in Brassica. Pod position (parent's age) was a significant predictor of seed‐viability probability or seed quality, which improved in old and senescing Brassica.ConclusionsHigh viability probability of seeds produced in low‐fertility pods during late‐senescence phase suggests weakening of maternal control over seed‐size optimization (bigger, fewer, and better seeds) in internally resource‐depleted older parent plants. Proximity to stigma can increase seed quality. The unexpected increase in fertility and seed viability during early‐senescence phase is likely due to highly conserved developmental constraints on leaf and pod phenotype. Indeterminate annuals can shed light on fertility, offspring quality and senescence relationships in all plants that reproduce sexually and indeterminately.
Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus[Cebus]apella) play Nash equilibria in dynamic games, but their decisions are likely not influenced by oxytocin
Authors: Smith Mackenzie F. , Leverett Kelly L. , Wilson Bart J. , Brosnan Sarah F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComparative approaches to experimental economics have shed light on the evolution of social decision‐making across a range of primate species, including humans. Here we replicate our previous work looking at six pairs of capuchin monkeys' (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) responses to scenarios requiring both coordination (Assurance Game) and anti‐coordination (Hawk‐Dove Game). This then provides a foundation for assessing their responses to two additional games, one with a scenario of beneficial cooperation with a temptation to defect (Prisoner's Dilemma) and one with an environment requiring changing strategies within short temporal proximity (Alternating Economic Game). We additionally explored the effects of exogenous oxytocin on decision‐making. Oxytocin did not affect decisions in any of our games. Results from the first two games largely replicated our previous findings. Responses to the Prisoner's Dilemma were more varied than was seen in previous games, with pairs respectively cooperating, defecting, and failing to establish stable strategies. Such variability indicates that this game may be a good assay for individual differences in social decision‐making. Finally, capuchins were able to flexibly switch between their previously established strategies within each of the different games, even when the games were presented within the same session, requiring strategy adjustments within short temporal proximity. These results build on earlier findings showing that capuchins can alter decision‐making strategies as the context demands, which is likely essential for decision‐making in naturally occurring contexts.
Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion an Kohlenstoffkanten: Aktivitätsentwicklung und Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen, untersucht anhand polyzyklischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe
Authors: Lin Yangming , Lu Qing , Song Feihong , Yu Linhui , Mechler Anna K. , Schlögl Robert , Heumann Saskia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDie reichlich vorhandenen oberflächenchemischen Informationen und Kantenstrukturen von Kohlenstoffmaterialien haben ein enormes Interesse auf dem Gebiet der Katalyse geweckt. Für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) wurden die Kanteneffekte von Kohlenstoffmaterialien aufgrund verschiedener nebeneinander existierender Kantenkonfigurationen selten im Detail untersucht. Zudem besteht eine Kontroverse zwischen Kohlenstoffkorrosion und Kohlenstoffkatalyse. zwischen Kohlenstoffkorrosion und Kohlenstoffkatalyse selten im Detail untersucht. Hier werden die genauen Rollen der gemeinsamen Kohlenstoff‐Aktivkanten in der OER unter Verwendung von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAKs) mit spezifischen Konfigurationen (Zickzack und Sessel) als Modelltestmoleküle mit dem Fokus auf Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen untersucht. Zickzackkonfigurationen von PAKs wurden so bestimmt, dass sie eine hohe Aktivität für die OER und zugleich eine gute Stabilität bei einer angemessenen Spannung aufweisen. Es wurde mit einem TOF‐Wert von 0.276 s−1 in 0.1 m KOH gearbeitet. Die katalytische Aktivität von Kohlenstoffkantenstellen konnte durch die Erweiterung ihrer π‐Konjugationsstruktur auf molekularer Ebene weiter effektiv reguliert werden.
Vibrational Signatures of Chirality Recognition Between α‐Pinene and Alcohols for Theory Benchmarking
Authors: Medel Robert , Stelbrink Caroline , Suhm Martin A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChirality recognition between largely rigid molecules can be applied as a benchmark for the description of intermolecular forces by theoretical methods, because one constituent is merely mirrored, so other deficits of the methods such as neglect of anharmonicity should mostly cancel. To test this approach, mixed OH⋅⋅⋅π‐bridged dimers between the enantiomers of the bicyclic monoterpene α‐pinene and the chiral secondary alcohols borneol, α‐fenchol, isopinocampheol, and 1‐phenylethanol were formed in a supersonic jet and probed by linear FTIR spectroscopy. With borneol and α‐fenchol, pronounced shifts in the hydroxyl stretching frequencies upon exchange of the handedness are observed. From three tested density functionals, only B3LYP‐D3(BJ) is able to predict these diastereomeric shifts in a satisfactory manner, while M06‐2X and ωB97X‐D fall short.
Heterodiatomic Multiple Bonding in Group 13: A Complex with a Boron–Aluminum π Bond Reduces CO2
Authors: Hofmann Alexander , Légaré Marc‐André , Wüst Leonie , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeterodiatomic multiple bonds have never been observed within Group 13. Herein, we disclose a method that generates [(CAAC)PhB=AlCp3t] (1), a complex featuring π bonding between boron and aluminum through the association of singlet fragments. We present the properties of this multiple bond as well as the reactivity of the complex with carbon dioxide, which yields a boron CO complex via an unusual metathesis reaction.