bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of treatment effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis in ICU patients: A secondary analysis protocol
Authors: Granholm Anders , Marker Søren , Krag Mette , Zampieri Fernando G. , Thorsen‐Meyer Hans‐Christian , Kaas‐Hansen Benjamin S. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Lange Theis , Wetterslev Jørn , Perner Anders , Møller Morten H. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundIn the Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in the Intensive Care Unit (SUP‐ICU) trial, 3291 adult ICU patients at risk for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding were randomly allocated to intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg or placebo once daily in the ICU. No difference was observed between the groups in the primary outcome 90‐day mortality or the secondary outcomes, except for clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding. However, heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) not detected by conventional subgroup analyses could be present.MethodsThis is a protocol and statistical analysis plan for a secondary, post hoc, exploratory analysis of the SUP‐ICU trial. We will explore HTE in one set of subgroups based on severity of illness (using the Simplified Acute Physiology Score [SAPS] II) and another set of subgroups based on the total number of risk factors for GI bleeding in each patient using Bayesian hierarchical models. We will summarise posterior probability distributions using medians and 95% credible intervals and present probabilities for different levels of benefit and harm of the intervention in each subgroup. Finally, we will assess if the treatment effect interacts with SAPS II and the number of risk factors separately on the continuous scale using marginal effects plots.ConclusionsThe outlined post hoc analysis will explore whether HTE was present in the SUP‐ICU trial and may help answer some of the remaining questions regarding the balance between benefits and harms of pantoprazole in ICU patients at risk of GI bleeding.ClinicalTrials.gov registrationNCT02467621.
Dexmedetomidine vs propofol as sedation for implantation of neurostimulators: A single‐center single‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: ter Bruggen Feline F. J. A. , Ceuppens Charlotte , Leliveld Leo , Stronks Dirk L. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDuring the lead implantation of most spinal cord neurostimulators, the patient has to be comfortable and without pain. However, the patient is expected to provide feedback during electrical mapping. Titrating sedatives and analgesics for this double goal can be challenging. In comparison with our standard sedative agent propofol, the pharmacological profile of dexmedetomidine is more conducive to produce arousable sedation. The latter, however, is associated with hemodynamic side effects. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine is preferable over propofol during neurostimulator implantation.MethodsThis single‐center single‐blinded randomized controlled trial included 72 patients with an indication for a neurostimulator, randomized to sedation with either propofol (0.5 mg/kg for 10 minutes, followed by 2.0 mg/kg/h) or dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg for 10 minutes, followed by 0.6 μg/kg/h). The primary outcome was patient satisfaction with the sedation. The secondary outcomes were patient's and operator's comfort, number of titration adjustments, standard intraoperative hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and side effects.ResultsData of 69 patients (dexmedetomidine n = 35; propofol n = 34) were analyzed. Those receiving dexmedetomidine were more satisfied with the sedation than those receiving propofol; i.e. with sedation delivery (median 100.0 vs 83.3, P < .01), procedural recall (median 95.8 vs 83.3, P = .03), and sedation side effects (median 90.0 vs 83.3, P = .01). Fewer changes in the dexmedetomidine titration were necessary to maintain arousable sedation. Over time, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group. Hemodynamic side effects were comparable across groups.ConclusionsDexmedetomidine sedation resulted in higher patient satisfaction and allowed for better arousable sedation than sedation with propofol. Although differences in hemodynamic parameters were found between the groups, these differences were not regarded as clinically relevant.
Psychostimulant use and the brain
Authors: Lappin Julia M. , Sara Grant E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsychostimulant users are typically young adults. We have conducted a narrative review of neuropsychiatric harms associated with the psychostimulants methamphetamine/amphetamine, cocaine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), focusing on epidemiological factors, common clinical presentations, underlying causal mechanisms and treatment options. The major neuropsychiatric harms of psychostimulant use are stroke, neurocognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, seizures and psychotic illness. These arise through a combination of acute monoamine release, longer‐term neurotransmitter effects and indirect effects. These effects are moderated by factors in the individual and in the pattern of substance use. Neuropsychiatric harms associated with psychostimulant use can thus lead to severe long‐term impairment.
Evaluation of methods for adjusting population stratification in genome‐wide association studies: Standard versus categorical principal component analysis
Authors: Turkmen Asuman S. , Yuan Yuan , Billor Nedret 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnaccounted population stratification can lead to false‐positive findings and can mask the true association signals in identification of disease‐related genetic variants. The computational simplicity of principal component analysis (PCA) makes it a widely used method for population stratification adjustment. However, given that genotype data are generally represented by numerical values 0, 1, and 2, corresponding to the number of minor alleles, it is more reasonable to consider genotype data as categorical data. Because PCA is inherently only suitable for continuous variables, it is not appropriate to directly apply PCA on genotype data. Second, although common variants have been extensively studied, little is known about the stratification of rare variants and its impact on association tests. Over the last decade, there has been a shift in the genome‐wide association studies toward studying low‐frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] between 0.01 and 0.05) and rare (MAF less than 0.01) variants, which are now widely reputed as complex trait determinants. The fact that rare variants are not stratified in the same way as common variants necessitates the development of statistical methods that can capture stratification patterns for low‐frequency and rare variants. To address these limitations, we investigate performances of generalized PCA and similarity‐matrix‐based PCA methods to detect underlying structures for rare and common variants. We demonstrate, through simulated and real datasets, that a special case of generalized PCA (i.e., logistic PCA) is able to adjust for population stratification in rare variants much more effectively than standard PCA while their performances are comparable for common variants.
The 9/11 Events: A Precursor to the Arab Spring
Authors: Dekhakhena Abdelkrim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite the fact that the Arab revolutions that swept important Arab countries by the beginning of 2011 from North Africa to the Middle East were the result of precarious economic and social conditions, still the causes and roots of these uprisings at that very moment indicate some inherent potential drives that are the result of years of simmering. The United States had long supported the expansion of democracy in the world, but the Arab world had always been seen as an exception. The September 11 events destroyed that approach to the Middle East. Accordingly, all attempts to explain the uprisings have been overwhelmed and distorted by the concurrent conditions of the Arab world in relation to its social, political, and cultural deficit. However, the underpinnings of the Arab revolutions can be traced to a distrust of people in their governments and a deep understanding of the new world order triggered by the 9/11 events and the invasion of Iraq. This article traces the impact of the 9/11 events on the Arab mindset ever since the Iraq war and how it resulted in the turmoil of the Arab revolutions.
Subsurface crack formation and propagation of fretting fatigue in Ni‐based single‐crystal superalloys
Authors: Han Qi‐Nan , Rui Shao‐Shi , Qiu Wenhui , Su Yue , Ma Xianfeng , He Zhiwu , Cui Haitao , Zhang Hongjian , Shi Hui‐Ji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fretting fatigue crack formation and propagation behaviors of Ni‐based single‐crystal (NBSX) superalloys are investigated in this paper. Subsurface crack formation process is revealed by in situ fretting fatigue experiment. The crack is observed to form on subsurface area, then propagates to the contact surface. Inclusions in materials are found to have obvious effects on crack propagation, and slip lines are closely related to the crack propagation direction. Crystal plastic finite element method (CPFEM) simulation is used to simulate crack formation position. The accumulative plastic strain peaks at the edge of contact zone and the subsurface area. The results show that the CPFEM simulation and in situ observation achieve good agreements.
Fatigue of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel: The influence of porosity and surface roughness
Authors: Solberg Klas , Guan Shuai , Razavi Nima , Welo Torgeir , Chan Kang Cheung , Berto Filippo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel is investigated with the main emphasis on internal porosity and surface roughness. A transition between two cases of failure are found: failure from defects in the surface region and failure from the internal defects. At low applied load level (and consequently a high number of cycles to failure), fatigue is initiating from defects in the surface region, while for high load levels, fatigue is initiating from internal defects. Porosities captured by X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) are compared with the defects initiating fatigue cracks, obtained from fractography. The fatigue data are synthesised using stress intensity factor (SIF) of the internal and surface defects on the fracture surface.
Stronger effects of litter origin on the processing of conifer than broadleaf leaves: A test of home‐field advantage of stream litter breakdown
Authors: Yeung Alex C. Y. , Kreutzweiser David P. , Richardson John S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Ecological shifts that enhance the efficiency of resource acquisition by consumers can affect the fate of resource subsidies in recipient ecosystems. To date, findings have been mixed about whether plant litter breakdown by stream decomposers is faster in locations where the litter originates from (i.e. home region) compared with other locations (away region). This phenomenon, known as home‐field advantage (HFA), may be influenced by litter quality and particularly decomposer groups (shredders versus microbes), rather than being an inherent consequence of the breakdown of locally native litter.

We studied the effects of HFA on litter breakdown and litter‐associated communities in streams within mid‐ to late‐successional forests. Two pairs of riparian broadleaf and one pair of conifer litter species with contrasting chemical quality were reciprocally incubated across two temperate regions (˜3,000 km apart). Species in each pair are congeneric and allopatric. The HFA was assessed using within‐pair litter comparisons in home and away regions. Coarse‐ and fine‐mesh litterbags were used to separate the contributions to litter breakdown by microbial decomposition and shredder feeding.

Conifer litter species used in this study were more recalcitrant than broadleaf litter species. Consequently, there was a significant positive HFA for the microbial decomposition of conifer litter. In contrast, there was no HFA for either microbial or shredder‐mediated breakdown of broadleaf litter, which might have been overridden by catchment‐scale differences in biophysical variables affecting breakdown. The effects of HFA on shredder colonisation and feeding on broadleaf litter were more variable among streams. Numerically abundant shredder taxa tended to have higher rates of colonisation and consumption on higher‐quality litter than on low‐quality litter, irrespective of litter origin.

Our results suggest that prior (evolutionary and/or contemporary) litter exposure could strongly influence the litter‐processing capacity of microbial decomposers, but not shredders, at the community level. In particular, microbial decomposers specialised in degrading conifer litter probably had lower resource‐use plasticity than those processing broadleaf litter. Inter‐stream differences in riparian vegetation and habitat conditions could influence the HFA through altering the litter exposure history of decomposer communities. Our findings highlight the importance of prior litter–microbe interactions in determining the rates of microbial decomposition of native and exotic litter species.
Evaluation of kidney function in HIV‐infected patients receiving an antiretroviral regimen containing one or two inhibitors of the tubular secretion of creatinine
Authors: Casado JL , Monsalvo M , Vizcarra P , Fontecha M , Serrano‐Villar S , Moreno S 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the evolution of renal function in patients receiving one or two inhibitors, according to different baseline factors. Some antiretroviral drugs such as rilpivirine (RPV), dolutegravir (DTG), or cobicistat (COBI), interact with the tubular secretion of creatinine, but there are no data about their impact in renal function evaluation in patients with renal disease or when these drugs are used concomitantly.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out in HIV‐infected patients who switched to a dual regimen including DTG, RPV or darunavir/COBI, separately or in combination. The primary endpoint was the evolution of the serum creatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR‐scr). A control group not receiving any transporter inhibitor was included.ResultsA total of 288 patients on different dual regimens were included (DTG + RPV, 92; DTG + darunavir/COBI, 23; DTG, 26; COBI, 19; control group, 128). In patients receiving two transporter inhibitors, eGFR‐scr decreased by a mean of −8.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, similar to that observed with the separate use of DTG or COBI (mean of both groups, −8.6 mL/min/1.73 m2), while eGFR‐scr improved in the control group. Similar evolution of proteinuria and tubular dysfunction was observed in all the groups, and there were no significant changes in the cystatin C‐based eGFR. Mean eGFR‐scr change inversely correlated with baseline eGFR‐scr value (r = −0.39; P < 0.01), with a lower eGFR‐scr decrease in patients with chronic kidney disease.ConclusionsSimilar eGFR‐scr decreases were observed in patients using different antiretroviral drugs inhibiting the tubular transport of creatinine, separately or in combination, with no alterations in proteinuria or cystatin C‐based eGFR. The lack of additional changes when the drugs were used in combination, and the lower impact in cases of previous chronic kidney disease, suggest that there are compensatory mechanisms for creatinine secretion.
Variation in content of tyramine, histamine, 2‐phenylethylamine, tryptamine and their precursor amino acids in a Chardonnay wine by using different commercial active dry yeasts and nitrogen sources
Authors: Bordiga Matteo , Guzzon Raffaele , Larcher Roberto , Travaglia Fabiano , Arlorio Marco , Coïsson Jean Daniel 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWine is a fermented beverage that could be affected by high concentrations of biogenic amines, thus altering organoleptic and health properties. In this work, the capacity of different selected yeast strains regarding to affect the content of tyramine, histamine, 2‐phenylethylamine, tryptamine and their precursor amino acids (pAA) during fermentation has been described. Overall, biogenic amines (BAs) and pAA contents appeared significantly related both to the strain and to the nutrient supplementation applied. Among BAs, without and (with) nitrogen source addition, the concentrations covered a range between 0.1 and 9.5 (0.1–10.3) mg L−1 for tyramine; 0.1 and 4.4 (0.1–4.6) mg L−1 for histamine; 0.4 and 1.1 (0.4–1.4) mg L−1 for 2‐phenylethylamine; and 0.02 and 0.14 (0.01–0.12) mg L−1 for tryptamine, respectively. Considering that also wine yeast species are responsible for BAs formation, the evidence from fermentation trials underlined the relevance of a careful choice of ADY strains and nitrogen sources in the management of alcoholic fermentation in wine.
Poor survival of dialysis patients with unhealed wounds because of critical limb ischemia: Limb salvage and survival requires wound healing
Authors: Yoshikawa Hisao , Kujime Shingo , Iwasaki Masaki , Yoshikawa Masao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaintenance of blood flow in the wound area is required to heal wounds of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in dialysis patients. However, many dialysis patients have both a stenotic lesion in below‐knee blood vessels and a cardiovascular event as complications, and thus, it may be difficult to ensure sufficient blood flow. Therefore, many deaths occur because of problems with wound healing. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal treatment, including revascularisation and amputation, from the perspective of wound healing by analysing the survival of hemodialysis patients with CLI who had healed or unhealed wounds in a lower extremity. The subjects were 52 patients who received maintenance dialysis at our clinic, including 27 with healed CLI wounds and 25 with unhealed CLI wounds. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to compare survival between the two groups. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the effect of an unhealed wound on mortality. The mean follow‐up period was 1.7 ± 1.1 years. In the unhealed wound group, the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates were 48%, 20%, and 12%, respectively. The overall survival rate was significantly lower in the unhealed wound group compared with the healed wound group (12% vs 63%, P = .0002 by log‐rank test). In multivariate analysis, unhealed CLI wounds had a significant independent association with mortality (hazard ratio 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41‐8.77, P = .0054). In this study, the 3‐year survival rate suggested a significantly poorer prognosis of hemodialysis patients with unhealed CLI wounds compared with those with healed wounds. An unhealed wound is an independent risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients with CLI.
Does maternal postpartum depression affect children's developmental outcomes?
Authors: Aoyagi Sona‐Sanae , Tsuchiya Kenji J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe etiology of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) remains inconclusive, and there is no consensus concerning whether maternal PPD affects children's developmental outcomes. Consequently, in this literature review, we examined whether maternal PPD affects children's physical, neuromotor, language and general cognitive development.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search using PubMed to select case–control and cohort studies that addressed maternal depression, depressive episodes or depressive symptoms among postpartum (within 6 months) women. We omitted studies that focused on a specific population (e.g. preterm infants).ResultsThe methodological problems of prior studies indicate that their findings must be interpreted with caution. Insufficient and or inconsistent evidence has supported associations between maternal PPD and children's developmental trajectories. Nevertheless, some key studies have revealed findings that require further analysis, including the associations between maternal PPD and children's stunted growth/being underweight in developed countries, the slight delay in children's fine motor development, and in children's language development.ConclusionAlthough several studies have investigated the longstanding effects of maternal PPD on children's physical and neurodevelopment, no conclusive evidence has elucidated a relationship between maternal PPD and all four domains of child development – physical, neuromotor, language and general cognitive ability. Therefore, large‐scale, longitudinal studies with a long‐term follow‐up period – extending to school age and beyond – are needed. Moreover, confounding factors should be carefully considered. Specifically, household income, parental education, breastfeeding, bonding/attachment and paternal mental health may be associated with maternal mental health and children's neurodevelopment.
All‐trans retinoic acid induces anti‐tumor effects via STAT3 signaling inhibition in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral dysplasia
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Jie , He Ming‐Jing , Zhou Gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which may arise from oral dysplasia, is one of the most prevalent cancers around the world. In recent years, all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has shown great potential in cancer treatment. However, the molecular mechanism for the anti‐tumor effects of ATRA remains unclear.Materials and methodsAfter treated with ATRA, inhibition of cell proliferation of OSCC and oral dysplasia cell lines, CAL27 and DOK, respectively, was analyzed by a Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay. The cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis induction, and PD‐L1 expression level were measured by flow cytometry. A small molecular inhibitor was utilized to block STAT3 pathway, and the related proteins expression was measured by Western Blot.ResultsThe present study demonstrated that ATRA inhibited cell proliferation at 5‐75 μmol/L, arrested cell cycle at S and G2‐phase, induced apoptosis effect in OSCC, and oral dysplasia cell line, CAL27 and DOK, respectively. ATRA led to inhibition of p‐STAT3, p‐JAK2, increased the level of p‐ERK, and significantly decreased the PD‐L1 expression. Moreover, targeting STAT3 signaling increased (P < .001) the level of cleaved caspase‐3 and effectively (P < .001) decreased the expression of cyclin A2 and PD‐L1. The effect of ATRA on cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and PD‐L1 expression decrease was significantly (P < .05) enhanced after the STAT3 signaling blockade.ConclusionThese findings suggested that ATRA‐induced anti‐tumor effects and downregulated PD‐L1 expression via STAT3 signaling inhibition in both OSCC and oral dysplasia.
Biological response to peri‐implantitis treatment
Authors: Bhavsar Ishita , Miller Craig S. , Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Dawson Dolphus R. , Thompson Katherine L. , Al‐Sabbagh Mohanad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate biological markers of peri‐implantitis (PIP) in crevicular fluid before and after surgical and antimicrobial therapy.Material and MethodsForty‐eight participants (24 healthy implants and 24 PIP) were clinically evaluated, and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were collected at baseline for both groups, and at 3‐months after surgical and antimicrobial treatment (ie, n = 21 PIP completers). Samples were analyzed for interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α) using immunoassay and the results compared between groups.ResultsPeri‐implantitis sites at baseline demonstrated significantly higher mean periodontal probing depths, percentage bleeding on probing (P ≤ 0.001), and mean IL‐1β concentration in PICF compared to healthy implant sites (17.9 vs 1.7 pg/μL; P = 0.02). Three months after treatment, periodontal probing depths, bleeding on probing, suppuration (P < 0.05), and the mean concentration of MMP‐8 decreased significantly compared with baseline (12.1 vs 6.7 ng/μL, P = 0.04). MIP‐1α concentrations showed no differences between the groups.ConclusionElevated concentrations of IL‐1β in PICF were consistent with PIP. A decrease in MMP‐8 concentration in PICF at three months after treatment is consistent with a healing biological response.