bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Podiatry Intervention for the Prevention of Falls in Older People: The REducing Falls with Orthoses and a Multifaceted Podiatry Intervention Trial Findings
Authors: Corbacho Belen , Cockayne Sarah , Fairhurst Caroline , Hewitt Catherine E. , Hicks Kate , Kenan Anne-Maree , Lamb Sarah E. , MacIntosh Caroline , Menz Hylton B. , Redmond Anthony C. , Rodgers Sara , Scantlebury Arabella , Watson Judith , Torgerson David J. ,   on behalf of the REFORM study
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Falls are a major cause of morbidity among older people. Multifaceted interventions may be effective in preventing falls and related fractures. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the cost-effectiveness alongside the REducing Falls with Orthoses and a Multifaceted podiatry intervention (REFORM) trial. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> REFORM was a pragmatic multicentre cohort randomised controlled trial in England and Ireland; 1,010 participants (&#x3e; 65 years) were randomised to receive either a podiatry intervention (<i>n</i> = 493), including foot and ankle strengthening exercises, foot orthoses, new footwear if required, and a falls prevention leaflet, or usual podiatry treatment plus a falls prevention leaflet (<i>n</i> = 517). Primary outcome: incidence of falls per participant in the 12 months following randomisation. Secondary outcomes: proportion of fallers and quality of life (EQ-5D-3L) which was converted into quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for each participant. Differences in mean costs and QALYs at 12 months were used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention relative to usual care. Cost-effectiveness analyses were conducted in accordance with National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence reference case standards, using a regression-based approach with costs expressed in GBP (2015 price). The base case analysis used an intention-to-treat approach on the imputed data set using multiple imputation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a small, non-statistically significant reduction in the incidence rate of falls in the intervention group (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.73–1.05, <i>p</i> = 0.16). Participants allocated to the intervention group accumulated on average marginally higher QALYs than the usual care participants (mean difference 0.0129, 95% CI –0.0050 to 0.0314). The intervention costs were on average GBP 252 more per participant compared to the usual care participants (95% CI GBP –69 to GBP 589). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged between GBP 19,494 and GBP 20,593 per QALY gained, below the conventional National Health Service cost-effectiveness thresholds of GBP 20,000 to GBP 30,000 per additional QALY. The probability that the podiatry intervention is cost-effective at a threshold of GBP 30,000 per QALY gained was 0.65. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The benefits of the intervention justified the moderate cost. The intervention could be a cost-effective option for falls prevention when compared with usual care in the UK.
Reduction of Peripapillary Vessel Density by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography from the Acute to the Atrophic Stage in Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Rebolleda Gema , Díez-Álvarez Laura , García Marín Yoel , de Juan Victoria , Muñoz-Negrete Francisco J. 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To analyse superficial peripapillary vascularization in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) at acute and atrophic (3 months) stage. <b><i>Procedures:</i></b> Prospective case-control study including 6 patients with NAION and 10 age-matched healthy controls evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A; Angioplex-Cirrus) at acute and atrophic stage. Apart from the ­commercially provided measurements for vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD), a custom image analysis was used to quantify the peripapillary capillary density (PCD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> NAION-group demonstrated a significant decrease in the PCD, VD and PD compared with fellow unaffected and control groups at acute and atrophic stage. At 3 months, the average and the temporal sector in PCD correlated with logMAR VA (–0.943, <i>p</i> = 0.005 and –0.829, <i>p</i> = 0.042 for average and temporal sectors respectively) and with MD (0.943, <i>p</i> = 0.005; and 0.899; <i>p</i> = 0.015, respectively). Over 3 months, there was a significant PCD reduction at the temporal sector and at the inner circle in VD and PD, which correlated with ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning over the 3 months period after the acute NAION (0.749, <i>p</i> = 0.020; 0.885, <i>p</i> = 0.002; 0.767, <i>p</i> = 0.016 respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both strategies demonstrated a significant peripapillary microvascular dropout in NAION, but the customized analysis detected them ­earlier. A progressive vessel reduction occurs within the first 3 months, which correlates with GCIPL thinning.
The Outcome of Complex Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery for Elderly Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Takagi Kosei , Umeda Yuzo , Yoshida Ryuichi , Nobuoka Daisuke , Kuise Takashi , Fushimi Takuro , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Yagi Takahito 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Postoperative mortality and morbidity rates after hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery remain high, and the number of elderly patients requiring such surgery has been increasing. This study aimed to investigate postoperative outcomes of complex HPB surgery for elderly patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively reviewed perioperative data of 721 patients who underwent complex HPB surgery between 2010 and 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups: elderly (≥75 years) and non-elderly (&#x3c; 75 years). Surgical outcomes of both groups were compared after propensity score-matching analysis. Subsequently, risk factors for serious postoperative morbidity were identified by multivariate analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Before matching, the elderly group (<i>n</i> = 170) had more comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and renal disease, than the non-elderly group (<i>n</i> = 551). Matching yielded elderly (<i>n</i> = 170) and non-elderly groups (<i>n</i> = 170) with similar preoperative backgrounds. The mortality and morbidity rates did not differ significantly between the groups. In multivariate analyses, operative time (OR 1.79; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and blood loss (OR 1.66; <i>p</i> = 0.03) were identified as independent risk factors for serious postoperative morbidity, whereas older age did not have a predictive impact (OR 1.16; <i>p</i> = 0.52). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Although elderly ­patients had more comorbidities and higher incidences of postoperative mortality and several complications before matching, their postoperative outcomes were equivalent to those of non-elderly patients after matching.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yu Yanting , Tian Liqiang , Xiao Yanyu , Huang Guowei , Zhang Meilin 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The mechanism, by which vitamin D influences inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is not very well known. Thus, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on some inflammatory biomarkers in T2DM subjects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched randomized controlled trials from PubMed and the Cochrane Library in October 2017 and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the vitamin D supplementation significant decreased the hs-CRP level by 0.45 μg/mL, whereas the vitamin D supplementation did not influence the TNF-α and IL-6. Subgroup analysis showed that vitamin D significantly lowered hs-CRP by 0.34 μg/mL among trials with a daily vitamin D dose ≤4,000 IU and by 0.31 μg/mL among trials with time of vitamin D supplementation &#x3e; 12 weeks. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for the reduction of hs-CRP inT2DM subjects but does not have a significant influence on TNF-α and IL-6 in T2DM subjects.
<b>Assessments on the impact of human-tiger conflict and community-based conservation in Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India</b>
Authors: Chouksey Sandeep , Singh Somesh 
Published: June 2018

Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (BTR) is one of the famous tiger reserves in India, situated in Uamria District of Madhya Pradesh. Data on human-tiger conflict were collected from the forest record during the period from 2001 to 2011 and a questionnaire survey was conducted to know the level of human-tiger conflict. A total of 27 human casualties were recorded, of which 40.75% were lethal (death) and 59.25% were injuries. A total of 1,603 livestock killing were recorded by tiger, of which consisting of 76.54% (1227) cattle (cow/ox), 22.52% (361) buffaloes and 0.93% (15) goats. Illegal entry into the core and buffer area for collection of minor forest produce, daily needs, and livestock grazing were observed to be the major reasons behind the existing conflict. Poor livestock shelter was also found responsible for mauling of cattle by tigers. The forest department had provided adequate compensation for the losses, but most of the respondents were unsatisfied due to assorted reasons. Poaching and retaliation killing of tiger is also a serious issue in and around BTR. A total of four tiger poaching and one revenge killing case was recorded. Conflicts create a negative impact on people, even then majority of the respondents (83.89%) felt the necessity for tiger conservation. Wildlife habitat improvement, restocking of prey base by translocation of herbivores, fencing of protected areas, controlled grazing and rangeland management, adequate compensation, eco-development, promoting the use of toilets in surrounding villages for safety, proper housing of livestock, and community-based conservation are some options for control and management of human-tiger conflict.
<b>Biology and distribution of the Clouded Apollo <I>Parnassius mnemosyne</I> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), a rare butterfly in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia</b>
Authors: Ruchin A. B. 
Published: June 2018

Information is presented on incidence of the Clouded Apollo Parnassius mnemosyne in the Republic of Mordovia (Russia). Over the period 2006–2016, more than 30 sites of the species were identified. The main increase in the number from 2 to 22 specimens per 1km of route was observed in 2006–2011. Biotopes of the species, fodder plants of the imago, and measures for species protection are described.
<b>Length-weight relationship and condition factor of <I>Bangana dero</I> (Hamilton, 1822) (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from northeastern region of India</b>
Authors: Yadav Kamlesh Kumar , Dhanze Rani 
Published: June 2018

Assessment of length-weight relationship (LWR), length-length relationship (LLR) and condition factor was carried out for Bangana dero in northeastern India, mainly from the Brahmaputra and Irrawaddy (Manipur) River system. We report a value of ‘b’ 3.1269 and 3.1426 for LWR with respect to total length and standard length respectively, indicating positive allometric growth. The value of ‘b’ for LLR is less than one, which indicates that growth in total length is less with per unit increase in standard length. The value of ‘K’ and ‘Kn’ is 0.91 and 0.72 depicts normal well being of fish in its habitat.
<b>First record of a trogid beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae) from the Western Ghats, India</b>
Authors: Kalawate Aparna Sureshchandra , Patole S. S. 
Published: June 2018

The present paper deals with the first record of Omorgus (Afromorgus) italicus (Reiche, 1853) from the Western Ghats, India. The morphological description, including that of male genitalia, illustration and distribution of the newly recorded species has been provided. The identified specimen has been deposited at National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
<b>First definitive record of a whip scorpion <I>Labochirus tauricornis</I> (Pocock, 1900) from Goa, India: with notes on its morphometry and pedipalp micro-morphology</b>
Authors: Borkar Manoj Ramakant 
Published: June 2018

Bastawade & Borkar in 2008 made a passing reference to the presence of a single uropygid species in Goa, though without much primary diagnostic data on the collected specimen of four females. The present study puts in place a definitive record of the uropygid, Labochirus tauricornis Pocock, (1900) in the state of Goa, and addresses an important gap in our understanding of its occurrence, morphology, and ecology. Besides documenting the species of this cryptozoic, nocturnal arachnid predator commonly known as ‘Vinegaroon’ on account of their vinegary allomone spray; the present study also describes the gross morphology , morphometry and micro-morphology of non-ambulatory sub-raptorial pedipalps which are of taxonomic-diagnostic value, elucidated using scanning electron microscopy, in addition to routine stereomicroscopy. The paper also examines in detail, sexual dimorphism and morphometry of this uropygid species.
<b>A first confirmed record of the Indian Crested Porcupine <I>Hystrix indica</I> (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae) in the United Arab Emirates</b>
Authors: Chreiki Maral K. , Steer Mark D. , Majeed Sami Ullah , Kakembo Swamiti , Ross Steve 
Published: June 2018

We report the first records of the Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica; Kerr, 1792) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), approximately 600km beyond its known range in Arabia. Images of H. indica were taken by camera traps at two locations in Wadi Wurayah National Park (WWNP), Fujairah, in three separate events in 2015 and 2016. Long-term occupancy of porcupines was confirmed via social surveys conducted in four villages bordering WWNP. These findings represent a previously unrecorded and most likely isolated subpopulation of H. indica. Further study is warranted to assess the genetic and demographic resilience of the population.
The US Experience of the Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Spar David S. , Bianco Nicole R. , Knilans Timothy K. , Czosek Richard J. , Anderson Jeffrey B. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Certain pediatric patients are at risk for sudden cardiac death. The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) can be used in clinical situations in which implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement is not ideal. The objectives of the study are to examine the effectiveness, safety, and compliance of the WCD in the identification and treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.

Methods:
All United States pediatric patients <18 years who wore a WCD, from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

In total, 455 patients were identified. The median age was 15 (3–17) years, median duration of WCD use was 33 (1–999) days and median patient wear time was 20.6 (0.3–23.8) hours per day. The population was divided into 2 groups: (1) patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator problem, n=63 and (2) patients with nonimplantable cardioverter-defibrillator problem, n=392. Wear time per day was >20 hours in both groups. Wear duration was shorter in the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator problem group, 26 days versus 35 days,
P
<0.05. There were 7 deaths (1.5%); all not wearing WCD at time of death. Eight patients (1.8%) received at least 1 WCD shock treatment. Of the 6 patients (1.3%) who had appropriate therapy, there were 7 episodes of either polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation with a total of 13 treatments delivered. All episodes were successfully converted and the patients survived.

Conclusions:
The WCD has overall adequate compliance with appropriate wear times and wear durations in pediatric patients. The WCD is safe and effective in treating ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden cardiac death in pediatric patients.
An Algorithm Based on Deep Learning for Predicting In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kwon Joon‐myoung , Lee Youngnam , Lee Yeha , Lee Seungwoo , Park Jinsik 
Published: June 2018

Background
In‐hospital cardiac arrest is a major burden to public health, which affects patient safety. Although traditional track‐and‐trigger systems are used to predict cardiac arrest early, they have limitations, with low sensitivity and high false‐alarm rates. We propose a deep learning–based early warning system that shows higher performance than the existing track‐and‐trigger systems.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study reviewed patients who were admitted to 2 hospitals from June 2010 to July 2017. A total of 52 131 patients were included. Specifically, a recurrent neural network was trained using data from June 2010 to January 2017. The result was tested using the data from February to July 2017. The primary outcome was cardiac arrest, and the secondary outcome was death without attempted resuscitation. As comparative measures, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (
AUROC
), the area under the precision–recall curve (
AUPRC
), and the net reclassification index. Furthermore, we evaluated sensitivity while varying the number of alarms. The deep learning–based early warning system (
AUROC
: 0.850;
AUPRC
: 0.044) significantly outperformed a modified early warning score (
AUROC
: 0.603;
AUPRC
: 0.003), a random forest algorithm (
AUROC
: 0.780;
AUPRC
: 0.014), and logistic regression (
AUROC
: 0.613;
AUPRC
: 0.007). Furthermore, the deep learning–based early warning system reduced the number of alarms by 82.2%, 13.5%, and 42.1% compared with the modified early warning system, random forest, and logistic regression, respectively, at the same sensitivity.

Conclusions
An algorithm based on deep learning had high sensitivity and a low false‐alarm rate for detection of patients with cardiac arrest in the multicenter study.
Increased Left Ventricular Mass Index Is Associated With Compromised White Matter Microstructure Among Older Adults
Authors: Moore Elizabeth E. , Liu Dandan , Pechman Kimberly R. , Terry James G. , Nair Sangeeta , Cambronero Francis E. , Bell Susan P. , Gifford Katherine A. , Anderson Adam W. , Hohman Timothy J. , Carr John Jeffrey , Jefferson Angela L. 
Published: June 2018

Background

Left ventricular (
LV
) hypertrophy is associated with cerebrovascular disease and cognitive decline. Increased
LV
mass index is a subclinical imaging marker that precedes overt
LV
hypertrophy. This study relates
LV
mass index to white matter microstructure and cognition among older adults with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.

Methods and Results

Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants free of clinical stroke, dementia, and heart failure (n=318, 73±7 years, 58% male, 39% mild cognitive impairment) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance, and neuropsychological assessment. Voxelwise analyses related
LV
mass index (g/m
2
) to diffusion tensor imaging metrics. Models adjusted for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, cognitive diagnosis, and apolipoprotein E–ε4 status. Secondary analyses included a
LV
mass index×diagnosis interaction term with follow‐up models stratified by diagnosis. With identical covariates, linear regression models related
LV
mass index to neuropsychological performances. Increased
LV
mass index related to altered white matter microstructure (
P
<0.05). In models stratified by diagnosis, associations between
LV
mass index and diffusion tensor imaging were present among mild cognitive impairment participants only (
P
<0.05).
LV
mass index was related only to worse visuospatial memory performance (β=−0.003,
P
=0.036), an observation that would not withstand correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions

In the absence of prevalent heart failure and clinical stroke, increased
LV
mass index corresponds to altered white matter microstructure, particularly among older adults with clinical symptoms of prodromal dementia. Findings highlight the potential link between subclinical
LV
remodeling and cerebral white matter microstructure vulnerability.
Equations for Estimating the Predissected Diameter of the Descending Aorta From Computed Tomographic Images at the Onset of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Yamauchi Takashi , Masai Takafumi , Takano Hiroshi , Shirakawa Yukitoshi , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki ,   Osaka Cardiovascular Surgery Research Group (OSCAR)
Published: June 2018

Background
Estimation of the predissected descending aortic diameter is important for deciding on the size of a stent graft in cases of acute aortic dissection. However, no equations for estimating this diameter have been previously reported.

Methods and Results

We developed and validated new equations by investigating computed tomography images that were scanned within 3 years before dissection and those that were scanned immediately after the onset of dissection. Among 1127 patients with acute aortic dissection (425 type A and 702 type B), 36 were matched for the study from October 2005 to March 2017 at 4 centers. New equations were developed in 17 patients and validated in 19 patients. We measured the predissected whole circumference length (CL) and postdissected whole
CL
, true lumen
CL
, the major diameter, and the minor diameter of the acutely dissected aorta, followed by calculation of (post‐true
CL
+post‐whole
CL
)/2 and (post–major diameter+post—minor diameter)/2. Six equations (linear function) and modified equations were derived from each of the above‐mentioned parameters. In the derivation sets, equations that used the parameter of (post‐true
CL
+post‐whole
CL
)/2 were strongly correlated with pre‐whole
CL
(Y=0.9433x+5.0147;
R
2
=0.9001) and showed significantly less bias compared with the other 5 equations (
P
<0.0001). In validation sets using this equation, the mean bias of the circumference length and diameter was 2.7±2.8 and 0.85±0.89 mm, respectively. A total of 99.2% of the calculated values were within 3 mm in diameter or less.

Conclusions
Our newly developed equations can be used to calculate the predissected aortic diameter in cases of acute aortic dissection and might help to decide the size of the stent graft.