bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective versus universal third trimester ultrasound: Time for a rethink? An audit of current practices at a metropolitan Sydney hospital
Authors: King Kristina , Foo Jinny , Hazelton Kirsty , Henry Amanda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionRoutine third‐trimester ultrasound (T3US) is not recommended in evidence‐based clinical guidelines despite occurring frequently. This study investigated the incidence, indication for, results and follow‐up needs of T3US performed at a Sydney metropolitan teaching hospital.MethodsAudit of T3US amongst singleton pregnancies at St George Hospital, Sydney: retrospective review October–December 2012, prospective cohort with clinician survey February–April 2013. Data included are as follows: maternal demographics, aneuploidy screening results, T3US ordering patterns, results, follow‐up management and pregnancy outcomes. Comparison of demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes was performed for women undergoing T3US vs. no T3US.ResultsOne thousand and thirty‐five women (623 retrospective, 412 prospective) were included, of whom 560 (54%) received at least one T3US. Characteristics of retrospective and prospective cohorts were similar, so combined data are presented. Most initial T3USs were for valid indications (463 of 560; 83%), most frequently low‐lying placenta at morphology (19%), reduced fundal height (10%) and to follow‐up fetal concerns at morphology ultrasound (9%). One hundred and sixty‐two out of 560 (29%) of initial T3US were not normal, predominantly related to accelerated or reduced fetal growth. Detection of SGA babies was significantly higher in the T3US group (32% SGA babies detected vs. 0% if no T3US, P < 0.001). However, overall detection rates remained low, with 5.2% and 3.0% of babies who had a T3US unexpectedly <10th and <3rd centile birthweight, respectively.Discussion/ConclusionThe majority of women received at least one, usually indicated, T3US in routine practice at our metropolitan Sydney hospital. This may impact obstetric care, resource allocation and patient well‐being. Detection of small for gestational age fetuses was poor.
Multistate Photoswitches: Macrocyclic Dihydroazulene/Azobenzene Conjugates
Authors: Vlasceanu Alexandru , Koerstz Mads , Skov Anders B. , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMolecules comprised of three covalently linked bi‐stable switches can exist in states described by a combination of binary numbers, one for each individual switch: ⟨000⟩, ⟨001⟩, etc. Here we have linked three photo‐/thermoswitches together in a rigid macrocyclic structure, one azobenzene (bit no 1) and two dihydroazulenes (DHAs; bits no 2 and 3) and demonstrate how electronic interactions and unfavorable strain in some states can be used to control the speed by which a certain state is reached. More specifically, upon irradiation of state ⟨000⟩, the AZB isomerizes fromtranstocisand the two DHAs to vinylheptafulvenes (VHFs), generating ⟨111⟩. The thermal VHF‐to‐DHA back‐reactions from this state also occur stepwise and can be accelerated by photo‐induced AZBcis‐to‐transconversion, proceeding via ⟨011⟩ to ultimately furnish ⟨000⟩. Overall, the accessibility to a specific state of one bit was found to depend on the states of its neighboring bits.
Graphen: das Kathodenmaterial der Wahl für Aluminiumionenbatterien
Authors: Das Shyamal K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDie Kombination aus einer Aluminiumanode und einer Kathode mit hoher Energie‐ und Leistungsdichte repräsentiert die Zukunft der Aluminiumionenbatterietechnik. Entscheidend ist dabei die Frage nach dem geeigneten Kathodenmaterial für die Speicherung einer ausreichenden Menge trivalenter Aluminiumionen bei einem relativ hohen Betriebspotential. Diese Anforderungen erfüllt Graphen, das erst seit drei Jahren in Bezug auf Aluminiumionenbatterien untersucht wird und den anderen Kathodenmaterialien durch seine außerordentliche Energiedichte, Leistungsdichte, Lebensdauer, thermische Stabilität, Betriebssicherheit und Flexibilität überlegen ist. Deshalb steht die Al‐Graphen‐Kombination vor einer großen Zukunft. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von Graphen als Kathodenmaterial für Aluminium‐Ionen‐Batterien mit Chloraluminat‐Elektrolyten. Außerdem wird der Mechanismus der Ladungsspeicherung im Graphen diskutiert.
Graphene: A Cathode Material of Choice for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Das Shyamal K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe pairing of an aluminum anode with a cathode of high energy and power density determines the future of aluminum‐ion battery technology. The question is—“Is there any suitable cathode material which is capable of storing sufficiently large amount of trivalent aluminum‐ions at relatively higher operating potential?”. Graphene emerges to be a fitting answer. Graphene emerged in the research arena of aluminum‐ion battery merely three years ago. However, research progress in this front has since been tremendous. Outperforming all other known cathode materials, several remarkable breakthroughs have been made with graphene, in offering extraordinary energy density, power density, cycle life, thermal stability, safety and flexibility. The future of the Al–graphene couple is indeed bright. This Minireview highlights the electrochemical performances, advantages and challenges of using graphene as the cathode in aluminum‐ion batteries in conjugation with chloroaluminate based electrolytes. Additionally, the complex mechanism of charge storage in graphene is also elaborated.
Linear Generalized Synchronization of Spatial Chaotic Systems
Authors: Hai Quan , Liu Shutang , Hu Changquan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper is devoted to study the generalized synchronization of spatial chaotic systems by applying linear coupling. Based on the stability of the fixed point of a plane system, we obtain the stable domain of the space plane. According to the stable domain of the space plane, the stable domain of the coupling strength for the linear generalized synchronization of the spatial chaotic systems is determined. Moreover, the relationship between the stable fixed plane and the synchronization of the spatial chaos system is also analyzed. Finally, an example is presented to validate the scheme and the analysis.
N‐rich Porous Organic Polymer as Heterogeneous Organocatalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives through the Hantzsch Condensation Reaction
Authors: Das Sabuj Kanti , Mondal Sujan , Chatterjee Sauvik , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIncorporation of nitrogen functionality onto the high surface area porous polymeric network are very demanding in designing suitable heterogeneous organocatalyst having surface basicity. Here we report the synthesis of a new N‐rich triazine based microporous organic polymer (TrzMOP) through a simple and efficient condensation pathway involving the reaction between 1,4‐bis(4,6‐diamino‐s‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐benzene (SL‐1) and 2,5‐thiophene dicarboxaldehyde. The material has been characterized by using powder XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, solid state magic‐angle spinning 13C NMR, CHN analysis, FESEM, HRTEM, CO2‐TPD and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. This nitrogen‐rich new porous organic polymer showed very high catalytic efficiency for one‐pot proficient synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives via microwave assisted condensation reaction. As little as 8 mg of catalyst was found to be effective under the optimum reaction conditions. In addition, TrzMOP catalyzed synthesis of biologically active polyhydroquinoline derivatives are very cost effective, scalable, less time consuming, and environmentally benign compared to those of currently used as heterogeneous catalysts.
A [4+2] Condensation Strategy to Imine‐Linked Single‐Crystalline Zeolite‐Like Zinc Phosphate Frameworks
Authors: Jangir Ritambhara , Kalita Alok Ch. , Kaleeswaran Dhananjayan , Gupta Sandeep K. , Murugavel Ramaswamy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDouble‐4‐ring zinc phosphate (D4R), [Zn(dipp)(4‐Py‐CHO)]4 (2) (dipp=diiminopyridine), bearing four formyl groups, has been utilized as a building block (SBU) for the synthesis of a new class of imine‐linked [4+2] COF‐like polycrystalline zinc phosphate frameworks. Reactions of 2 with a series of linear aromatic diamines results in the formation of polycrystalline frameworks [Zn4(dipp)4(L)2]n (3–6) (L=L1 to L4, diimines formed by condensation of 4‐pyridine carboxaldehyde with diamines). Employing an alternative synthetic strategy, through a diffusion‐controlled slow reaction of 2 with the pre‐synthesized 4,4‘‐bispyridyl bisimine (L3), [Zn4(dipp)4(L3)2]n (5′) has been obtained as single crystals. Complex 5′ is a 3D‐framework, exhibiting a rare eightfold interpenetrated diamondoid network. The long spacer length (19.6 Å) results in extensive entanglement in 5′. Powder diffraction data suggest that these compounds are isoreticular 3D‐frameworks. To study the effect of the relative position of pyridyl donors with respect to the central benzidine moiety, 3,3‘‐bispyridyl bisimine (L5) was investigated as the spacer. A slow reaction of 1 b with L5 leads to the isolation of a 2D‐boxed‐sheet coordination polymer [Zn4(dipp)4(L5)2]n (7). Selective formation of 3D‐framework 5′ from L3 and the 2D‐framework 7 from L5 is due to the angles created by the coordination of para‐ and meta‐pyridyl nitrogen centers at the zinc centers of the D4R cubane. Compound 5′ has been utilized as a catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation.
The First Silicon(IV) Corrole Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Properties, and Formation of a μ‐Oxo Dimer
Authors: Ueta Kento , Fukuda Masaya , Kim Gakhyun , Shimizu Soji , Tanaka Takayuki , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe first SiIV corrole complexes were synthesized in good yields by treatment of meso‐triarylcorroles with tetrachlorosilane in 1,2‐dichloroethane at 60 °C. The central silicon atom possesses a square‐pyramidal coordination geometry with slightly longer Si−N bond lengths as compared with those of known triazacorrole SiIV complexes. The SiIV corrole complexes exhibit sharp and blue‐shifted absorption spectra and larger fluorescence quantum yields as compared with the corresponding free‐base corroles. A μ‐oxo dimer of a SiIV corrole was synthesized upon treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in pyridine at 100 °C. This dimer shows a face‐to‐face structure with a 90° twist in the solid state. Although the dimer exhibits a blue‐shifted Soret band, reflecting the face‐to‐face geometry, it displays a largely red‐shifted and broad fluorescence spectrum with a large Stokes shift, suggesting a large structural change in the S1 state. These intriguing optical properties have been comprehensively studied by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy, femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) measurements, and theoretical calculations.
Branched Fatty Acyl Esters of Hydroxyl Fatty Acids (FAHFAs), Appealing Beneficial Endogenous Fat against Obesity and Type‐2 Diabetes
Authors: Balas Laurence , Feillet‐Coudray Christine , Durand Thierry 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAfter a brief overview of the biological significance of FAHFAs, the present Minireview highlights the different strategies developed for their chemical syntheses. The term “FAHFAs” has been introduced in 2014 for fatty acyl esters of hydroxyl fatty acids, found in adipocytes, with antidiabetic properties. However, many other natural products contain this type of branched lipids in their structure. This review was then extended to the synthesis of these subunits, even though the length of the lipid chains and the location of the ester linkages are different, since the developed strategies may be applied to the synthesis of “FAHFA”.
Association between lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation and mortality in the oldest old
Authors: Kheirbek Raya Elfadel , Fokar Ali , Moore Hans J. , Shara Nawar , Doukky Rami , Fletcher Ross D. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAge is the strongest predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF), yet little is known about AF incidence in the oldest old.HypothesisAF incidence declines after age 90 years, and morbidity is compressed into a brief period at the end of life.MethodsIn this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of patients (born 1905–1935), we examined cumulative lifetime incidence of AF and its impact on mortality. Data included records from 1 062 610 octogenarians, 317 161 nonagenarians, and 3572 centenarians. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to estimate cumulative incidence of AF by age group, incidence rates were compared using log‐rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate unadjusted hazard ratios. The primary outcome was AF incidence at age > 80 years; the secondary outcome was mortality.ResultsThe cumulative AF incidence rate was 5.0% in octogenarians, 5.4% in nonagenarians, and 2.3% in centenarians. Octogenarians and nonagenarians had a higher risk of AF incidence compared to centenarians (adjusted hazard ratio 8.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.31–12.04; and 2.98, 95% CI: 2.17–4.1, respectively). The lowest hazard ratio for mortality in patients with AF compared to those without was 2.3 (95% CI: 2.3–2.4) in patients who were on antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication and had a score of 0 on the Elixhauser comorbidity index score.ConclusionsAlthough AF incidence increased with age, being a centenarian was associated with reduced incidence and compression of morbidity. Patients with AF had a higher adjusted mortality rate. However, data suggest that a regimen of anticoagulants and antiplatelets may reduce risk of mortality in patients over 80 with an AF diagnosis.
Color stability of denture shade tabs is affected by exposure to daylight and decontamination protocols
Authors: Soares Eduardo José , Tonani Rafaella , Contente Marta Maria Martins Giamatei , Arruda Carolina Noronha Ferraz , Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light exposure and decontamination protocols on the color stability of denture shade guide tabs. Fifty tabs for shades 62, 66, and 69 (Biotone IPN, Dentsply Sirona) were submitted to baseline L*a*b* measurements (EasyShade, Vita), separated into 5 experimental groups (n = 10), and subjected to one of the following conditions: G1–distilled water (DW‐H2O)–control; G2 −70% alcohol; G3–sodium hypochlorite 1% (NaClO); G4–no light exposure; G5–natural light exposure for 6 months. The experimental conditions were designed to simulate 6 months of clinical use. After the test period, final color measurements were recorded. The mean tristimulus coordinate difference (ΔL*,Δa*,Δb*) and total color difference values () were analyzed using 2‐way ANOVA and the Tukey test, α = .05. G2 (alcohol) produced less (P < .05) color change in shade 69 than G3 (NaClO). G5 (light exposure) affected the color stability for all shades, producing a statistical difference (P < .05) from G4 (no light exposure). It was concluded that natural light changes the color stability of the shade guides and that decontamination with 70% alcohol had the least impact on the color stability of the shade guide tabs.
Evaluation of a rehabilitation planning consult for survivors of head and neck cancer
Authors: McEwen Sara E. , Dunphy Colleen , Rios Jorge N. , Davis Aileen M. , Jones Jennifer , Martino Rosemary , Poon Ian , Ringash Jolie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe rehabilitation planning consult (RPC) is a novel, transdisciplinary rehabilitation intervention for survivors of head and neck cancer. The study aimed to: (1) estimate recruitment and withdrawal rates, and adverse events; and (2) estimate the effect on rehabilitation indicators in survivors of head and neck cancer.MethodsA single group pre‐post study with follow‐up was conducted with survivors of head and neck cancer who had completed treatment within 18 months. Outcome measures included goal attainment and quality of life indicators.ResultsThirty participants (30) completed the RPC, and 20 completed follow‐up. The average age was 59.8 years (SD 13.3), 23 were men, and 23 set rehabilitation goals. At follow‐up, there was a large effect on goal performance (d = 1.5) and satisfaction (d = 1.5), and on the Short Form Health Survey‐36 (SF‐36) physical role and social functioning subscales (d = 1.0 and 0.8). There was a small to moderate effect on most other outcomes.ConclusionThe RPC is a promising transdisciplinary rehabilitation intervention warranting further study with a controlled trial.
How frequent and important is behavioral thermoregulation by embryonic reptiles?
Authors: Shine Richard , Du Wei‐Guo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe debate about behavioral thermoregulation inside reptile eggs centers on the frequency (and hence, biological significance) of the phenomenon, not about its validity. Both sides of the debate agree that large eggs in shallow nests laid in sun‐exposed soil will experience clines in mean temperature and (especially) diel thermal variance; that embryos in the middle phase of development have the ability to reposition themselves, and room to do so; and that small changes in developmental temperatures can influence offspring fitness. Equally, all protagonists agree that thermal clines will be too low in some other kinds of nests, and that embryonic repositioning is impossible very early and very late in development. Based on an array of other fitness‐enhancing behaviors exhibited by tetrapod embryos, and general principles for recognizing adaptation, we conclude that behavioral thermoregulation inside the egg likely is adaptive in some but not all reptile species. We identify productive directions for empirical research to resolve points of contention.
Segmentation of gray matter, white matter, and CSF with fluid and white matter suppression using MP2RAGE
Authors: Wang Yishi , Wang Yajie , Zhang Zhe , Xiong Yuhui , Zhang Qiang , Yuan Chun , Guo Hua 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundMP2RAGE can generate uniform T1‐weighted images, which have been used for brain segmentation. However, there remain concerns about carrying out fast brain segmentation.PurposeTo propose an acquisition‐based method for fast segmentation of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy human brains with fluid and white matter suppression (FLAWS) using MP2RAGE.Study TypeProspective.Subjects12 volunteers (23–28 years, seven subjects; 51–62 years, five subjects).Field Strength/Sequences3T/3D MPRAGE and FLAWS.AssessmentThe proposed method was evaluated by calculating tissue volumes and the spatial overlap with the segmentation results from FSL and SPM12. The processing time was recorded.Statistical TestsA paired t‐test was used to compare the tissue volumes of the proposed method with those from other segmentation methodsResultsFor the 12 subjects, the tissue volume difference between the proposed and SPM12 were 3.2 ± 2.8%, 4.2 ± 2.5%, 18.2 ± 13.1% for GM, WM, and CSF, respectively. The relative difference between the proposed and FSL was over 14% for all tissue classes. The spatial overlap between the proposed and other methods were 87–94% for GM and WM and less than 80% for CSF. The GM and WM volumes of the proposed method were not significantly different from those of SPM12 using MPRAGE as the input (P = 0.5540 and P = 0.3115, respectively). The rest of the comparisons all showed significant differences between the proposed and other methods. Statistical analysis of the two subgroups yielded similar results. The mean processing time of one subject was 6.5, 185, and 165 seconds for the proposed method, FSL, and SPM12, respectively.Data ConclusionOur method may be accurate for the segmentation of most brain structures using FLAWS. In addition, the proposed method is fast and applicable to the two distinct age ranges.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1540–1550
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) minimizes interference from cellular pathology in R2* estimation of liver iron concentration
Authors: Li Jianqi , Lin Huimin , Liu Tian , Zhang Zhuwei , Prince Martin R. , Gillen Kelly , Yan Xu , Song Qi , Hua Ting , Zhao Xiance , Zhang Miao , Zhao Yu , Li Gaiying , Tang Guangyu , Yang Guang , Brittenham Gary M. , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundA challenge for R2 and R2* methods in measuring liver iron concentration (LIC) is that fibrosis, fat, and other hepatic cellular pathology contribute to R2 and R2* and interfere with LIC estimation.PurposeTo examine the interfering effects of fibrosis, fat, and other lesions on R2* LIC estimation and to use quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to reduce these distortions.Study TypeProspective.Phantoms, SubjectsWater phantoms with various concentrations of gadolinium (Gd), collagen (Cl, modeling fibrosis), and fat; nine healthy controls with no known hepatic disease, nine patients with known or suspected hepatic iron overload, and nine patients with focal liver lesions.Field Strength/SequenceThe phantoms and human subjects were imaged using a 3D multiecho gradient‐echo on clinical 1.5T and 3T MRI systems.AssessmentQSM and R2* images were postprocessed from the same gradient‐echo data. Fat contributions to susceptibility and R2* were corrected in signal models for LIC estimation.Statistical TestsPolynomial regression analyses were performed to examine relations among susceptibility, R2* and true [Gd] and [Cl] in phantoms, and among susceptibility and R2* in patient livers.ResultsIn phantoms, R2* had a strong nonlinear dependency on [Cl], [fat], and [Gd], while susceptibility was linearly dependent (R2 > 0.98). In patients, R2* was highly sensitive to liver pathological changes, including fat, fibrosis, and tumors, while QSM was relatively insensitive to these abnormalities (P = 0.015). With moderate iron overload, liver susceptibility and R2* were not linearly correlated over a common R2* range [0, 100] sec−1 (P = 0.35).Data ConclusionR2* estimation of LIC is prone to substantial nonlinear interference from fat, fibrosis, and other lesions. QSM processing of the same gradient echo MRI data can effectively minimize the effects of cellular pathology.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1069–1079.
The effects of cystoscopy and hydrodistention on symptoms and bladder capacity in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Kirk Peter S. , Santiago‐Lastra Yahir , Qin Yongmei , Stoffel John T. , Clemens James Q. , Cameron Anne P. 
Published: March 2018

AimsThe use of cystoscopy and hydrodistention in the management of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) varies widely between providers. Current evidence regarding the risks and benefits of hydrodistention, as well as the long term effects of repeated hydrodistention are not well established. We sought to characterize the effects of hydrodistention on IC/BPS symptoms as well as bladder capacity.MethodsWe retrospectively queried our institutional records for patients with non‐ulcerative IC/BPS who underwent hydrodistention over an 11‐year period to obtain demographic and clinical factors at the time of diagnosis and treatment. Symptom relief and bladder capacity changes were assessed, and multivariable models were used to predict response to treatment.ResultsThere were 328 patients who underwent hydrodistention during the study period, of whom 36% received the procedure multiple times, and overall median follow‐up was 38.6 months. Patients with repeated hydrodistentions were more likely to be female, have more comorbid pain disorders, and have trialed anticholinergic medications and intravesical instillations. No decrease in mean bladder capacity was observed over time (P = 0.40). Significant decreases in symptom scores were observed following the procedure on multiple questionnaires.ConclusionsHydrodistention does not decrease bladder capacity even with multiple procedures, and measurably improves symptoms in some patients with IC/BPS. Continuing efforts to better identify those patients most likely to benefit from this procedure are justified.