bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity and Magnetic Survey in Southwestern Part of Cuddapah Basin, India and its Implication for Shallow Crustal Architecture and Mineralization
Authors: Ganguli Shuva Shankha , Singh Satyaveer , Das Niharika , Maurya Deepak , Pal Sanjit Kumar , Rao J. V. Rama 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Gravity and magnetic surveys were carried out in southwestern part of Cuddapah basin (CB) covering an area of ~3660 km2. Southwestern part of CB gained lot of attention after discovery of second most important uranium province in India. Some non-metallic industrial minerals and base metal occurrence are also reported in the study area. Present study with high spatial resolution gravity-magnetic survey aims to decipher detail basin geometry, nature of sediments, along with possible mineral deposits in SW part of CB. The gravity survey comprising short and long wavelength anomalies brought out sedimentary characteristics and basement architecture underneath the sediments. The long wavelength features of the gravity map shows gneissic basement, which is characterized by both basic and acid magmatic intrusive. Residual gravity anomaly map shows good correspondence with the exposed high density basaltic rock units and also brought out occurrence of concealed high density litho-units, which have significance for mineral prospecting. The magnetic map shows that both sediments and underneath basement are non-magnetic in nature except SW part of the study area, where study suggests occurrence of concealed mafic lensoid body. Euler solutions and combined gravity-magnetic modelling further facilitated for understanding of structural feature and basement geometry. Based on the integrated gravity and magnetic study mineral prospecting zones have been delineated for further detailed study.
Effects of stimulant drug use on the dopaminergic system: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies
Authors: Proebstl Lisa , Kamp Felicia , Manz Kirsi , Krause Daniela , Adorjan Kristina , Pogarell Oliver , Koller Gabi , Soyka Michael , Falkai Peter , Kambeitz Joseph 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Stimulant drugs can cause persistent changes in the brain. Imaging studies show that these changes are most apparent in dopamine transporter (DAT) or receptor availability within the striatum.Methods:This work focuses on influences of stimulant use on dopaminergic function assessed using nuclear-medicine imaging (PET/SPECT). Included are 39 studies on 655 cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine or nicotine users, as well as 690 healthy controls. Metaanalyses were conducted separately for D2/D3 receptors and dopamine transporters of the entire striatum, its subregions caudate and putamen respectively.Results:Meta-analyses results regarding nicotine did not show significant effects between smokers and nonsmokers. In cocaine users there was a significant decrease in dopamine receptor availability in all regions. The striatal DAT availability was significantly increased in cocaine users. Methamphetamine users showed a significantly decreased dopamine receptor and transporter density in all regions. Significant results also indicate a lower transporter availability in all regions. Amphetamine users showed reduced DAT availability in the striatum, as well as in the sub regions.Conclusion:This meta-analysis provides evidence that there are ongoing changes in the dopaminergic system associated with the use of stimulants. Especially the results of cocaine, methamphetamine and amphetamine use mainly showed a downregulation. In addition, this meta-analysis is the first to include nicotine. This subset of studies showed evidence for a decreased receptor and DAT availability but no significant results were found in the metaanalyses.
The geodetic mass balance of Eyjafjallajökull ice cap for 1945–2014: processing guidelines and relation to climate
Authors: BELART JOAQUÍN M. C. , MAGNÚSSON EYJÓLFUR , BERTHIER ETIENNE , PÁLSSON FINNUR , AÐALGEIRSDÓTTIR GUðFINNA , JÓHANNESSON TÓMAS 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMass-balance measurements of Icelandic glaciers are sparse through the 20th century. However, the large archive of stereo images available allows estimates of glacier-wide mass balance ($\dot{B}$) in decadal time steps since 1945. Combined with climate records, they provide further insight into glacier–climate relationship. This study presents a workflow to process aerial photographs (1945–1995), spy satellite imagery (1977–1980) and modern satellite stereo images (since 2000) using photogrammetric techniques and robust statistics in a highly automated, open-source pipeline to retrieve seasonally corrected, decadal glacier-wide geodetic mass balances. In our test area, Eyjafjallajökull (S-Iceland, ~70 km2), we obtain a mass balance of$<![CDATA[ $ \dot{\curr B}_{\curr 1945}^{\curr 2014} \curr = -0.27 \pm 0.03\,{\rm \curr m\ w}{\rm. \curr e}{\rm.} {\rm \curr a}^{{\rm \ndash \curr 1}}$, with a maximum and minimum of$\dot{\curr B}_{\curr 1984}^{\curr 1989} \curr = 0.77 \curr \pm 0.19\,{\rm \curr m\ \curr w}{\rm\curr . e}{\rm\curr .} {\rm\curr a}^{{\rm\curr \ndash 1}}$and$\dot{\curr B}_{\curr 1994}^{\curr 1998}\curr = -1.94 \curr \pm 0.34\,{\rm \curr m\ w}{\rm\curr . e}{\rm\curr .} {\rm \curr a}^{{\rm\curr \ndash 1}}$, respectively, attributed to climatic forcing, and$\dot{\curr B}_{\curr 2009}^{\curr 2010} \curr = -3.39{\rm \;} \curr \pm {\rm \;} \curr 0.43\,{\rm \curr m\ w}{\rm\curr . e}{\rm\curr .} {\rm\curr a}^{{\rm\curr \ndash 1}}$, mostly caused by the April 2010 eruption. The reference-surface mass balances correlate with summer temperature and winter precipitation, and linear regression accounts for 80% of the mass-balance variability, yielding a static sensitivity of mass balance to summer temperature and winter precipitation of − 2.1 ± 0.4 m w.e.a–1K–1and 0.5 ± 0.3 m w.e.a–1(10%)–1, respectively. This study serves as a template that can be used to estimate the mass-balance changes and glaciers' response to climate.
Cranial and post-cranial remains and phylogenetic relationships of the Gondwanan meiolaniform turtle Peligrochelys walshae from the Paleocene of Chubut, Argentina
Authors: Sterli Juliana , de la Fuente Marcelo S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeligrochelys walshae is a meiolaniform turtle originally described based on four specimens represented by cranial remains found in the classic locality of Punta Peligro (Chubut, Argentina) in outcrops of the Salamanca Formation (Danian). Recent field work in the vicinity of Punta Peligro resulted in the discovery of almost 30 new specimens, represented by cranial and postcranial remains that can be assigned to P. walshae. In this contribution, we provide a detailed anatomical description of the new specimens, provide an emended diagnosis for the species, and explore its phylogenetic relationships based on all anatomical data available for the species. The new specimens bring valuable information about the anatomy of the skull and postcranium of P. walshae as well as for meiolaniforms in general. The 3D preservation of the skull bones allows us to provide a 3D reconstruction using novel techniques. The updated phylogenetic analysis confirms that P. walshae is part of the clade Meiolaniformes, which spans from the Early Cretaceous until the Holocene and contains the giant, horned turtles (Meiolaniidae). This phylogenetic analysis reinforces the previous hypothesis that the clade Meiolaniformes is dominated by Gondwanan taxa, but also includes some Laurasian representatives. Alternate phylogenetic positions of taxa included in Meiolaniformes in this analysis were tested using the Templeton test. The lineage leading to Peligrochelys walshae is the only meiolaniform non-meiolaniid lineage to have survived the K-Pg mass extinction; its study provides valuable information to evaluate the effects of the K-Pg extinction in turtles.
Cooperation of enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say)
Authors: Szilágyi E. , Hámori C. , Bíró-Molnár P. , Kandra L. , Remenyik J. , Gyémánt G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractColorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say) is the main pest of Solanaceae and its survival is mainly dependent on the carbohydrate digestion. Characterizing the gut enzymes may help us with finding effective inhibitors for plant protection. Activity measurements revealed that gut extracts contain α- and β-glucosidase in addition to α-amylase. For larvae, amylase activity was detected only in gut saturated with nutrients.Leptinotarsa decemlineataα-amylase (LDAmy) had optimum pH of 6.0 and was active under 30–40°C temperature measured on a selective α-amylase substrate, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-maltoside. HPLC analysis demonstrated dimer, trimer, and tetramer reducing end amylolytic products from 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaoside substrate in similar ratio than that of during porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) catalyzed hydrolysis. The 4,6-O-benzylidene-modified substrate (BzG7PNP) is very stable toward hydrolysis byexo-glycosidases, therefore is very useful to monitor the digestion catalyzed by α-amylases exclusively. Similarly to PPA active site, three glycon and two aglycon binding sites are suggested for LDAmy based on the pattern of early hydrolysis products of BzG7PNP. The observed similarity between LDAmy and PPA raises the possibility of using known inhibitors of mammalian α-amylases to protect the potato plant from attack of Colorado potato beetle.
Sugar-beet seed advancement to increase establishment and decrease bolting
Authors: Durrant M. J. , Jaggard K. W. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryExperiments with seed advancement and devernalization identified treatments which both increased rate of emergence and establishment and decreased bolting. Treatment temperature and duration were more critical for devernalization than for improving establishment. Exposing seeds to 15 °C for 6 days (at restricted moisture availability to prevent premature germination) sometimes promoted slight devernalization but sometimes enhanced bolting; 20 °C for 3 days had little effect whereas 20 °C for 6 days was moderately effective. The best treatment for both improving establishment and decreasing bolting was to steep the seed in water for 3 h at 25 °C, dry it to between 115 and 120% of its original air-dry weight, store it for 4 days at 25 °C and then air dry.Results in 1985 showed that the improvements are insufficient to allow sowing as early as 1 March. Following sowing on 17 March 1986, seed advancement increased establishment for two bulks of seed from 54 to 76% and from 63 to 77% respectively while bolting was decreased from 9·1 to 1·2% and from 5·9 to 0·7%. This suggests that in future it may be possible to recommend that sowing starts about a week earlier than at present.The results also suggested that only a previous vernalizing experience could be reversed. There was no indication that a devernalizing stimulus could be stored by seeds and used to offset the effects of cold after sowing. However, the best treatment in 1985 would have reversed a much more severe vernalizing stimulus than that likely to be encountered by the seeds while on their mother plant.
Testing the higher-level phylogenetic classification of Digenea (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda) based on nuclear rDNA sequences before entering the age of the ‘next-generation’ Tree of Life
Authors: Pérez-Ponce de León G. , Hernández-Mena D.I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDigenea Carus, 1863 represent a highly diverse group of parasitic platyhelminths that infect all major vertebrate groups as definitive hosts. Morphology is the cornerstone of digenean systematics, but molecular markers have been instrumental in searching for a stable classification system of the subclass and in establishing more accurate species limits. The first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic tree of Digenea published in 2003 used two nuclear rRNA genes (ssrDNA = 18S rDNA and lsrDNA = 28S rDNA) and was based on 163 taxa representing 77 nominal families, resulting in a widely accepted phylogenetic classification. The genetic library for the 28S rRNA gene has increased steadily over the last 15 years because this marker possesses a strong phylogenetic signal to resolve sister-group relationships among species and to infer phylogenetic relationships at higher levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. Here, we have updated the database of 18S and 28S rRNA genes until December 2017, we have added newly generated 28S rDNA sequences and we have reassessed phylogenetic relationships to test the current higher-level classification of digeneans (at the subordinal and subfamilial levels). The new dataset consisted of 1077 digenean taxa allocated to 106 nominal families for 28S and 419 taxa in 98 families for 18S. Overall, the results were consistent with previous higher-level classification schemes, and most superfamilies and suborders were recovered as monophyletic assemblages. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, new phylogenetic hypotheses from complete mitochondrial genomes have been proposed, although their power to resolve deep levels of trees remains controversial. Since data from NGS methods are replacing other widely used markers for phylogenetic analyses, it is timely to reassess the phylogenetic relationships of digeneans with conventional nuclear rRNA genes, and to use the new analysis to test the performance of genomic information gathered from NGS, e.g. mitogenomes, to infer higher-level relationships of this group of parasitic platyhelminths.
RETRACTED – Interspecific interactions between Acanthocephalan species in the intestine of stone loach and minnow
Authors: Bollache L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Interspecific interactions between parasites sharing the same host are often antagonistic; the presence of one species decreases the number of individuals or negatively affects both the distribution and reproduction of the other species. Antagonistic interactions between co-infecting parasites may translate into direct competition or interactive segregation, but elements of both may be present. Potential interactions between two acanthocephalan species, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus anguillae, were studied in the field in two of their natural fish definitive hosts. There was no evidence for competitive exclusion between P. laevis and A. anguillae. However, a negative interaction was found for the first time in the field between these two species. Based on the analysis of parasite abundance and total biomass using a static regression approach, I found that the abundance and total biomass of parasites was also limited by host characteristics. These results are consistent with previous laboratory studies on competition between P. laevis and A. anguillae.
‘Tell Your Story’: a randomized controlled trial of an online intervention to reduce mental health stigma and increase help-seeking in refugee men with posttraumatic stress
Authors: Nickerson Angela , Byrow Yulisha , Pajak Rosanna , McMahon Tadgh , Bryant Richard A. , Christensen Helen , Liddell Belinda J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRefugees report elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but are relatively unlikely to seek help for their symptoms. Mental health stigma is a key barrier to help-seeking amongst refugees. We evaluated the efficacy of an online intervention in reducing self-stigma and increasing help-seeking in refugee men.MethodsParticipants were 103 refugee men with PTSD symptoms from Arabic, Farsi or Tamil-speaking backgrounds who were randomly assigned to either receive an 11-module online stigma reduction intervention specifically designed for refugees (‘Tell Your Story’, TYS) or to a wait-list control (WLC) group. Participants completed online assessments of self-stigma for PTSD and help-seeking, and help-seeking intentions and behaviors at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 1 month follow-up.ResultsIntent-to-treat analyses indicated that, compared to the WLC, TYS resulted in significantly smaller increases in self-stigma for seeking help from post-treatment to follow-up (d = 0.42, p = 0.008). Further, participants in the TYS conditions showed greater help-seeking behavior from new sources at follow-up (B = 0.69, 95% CI 0.19–1.18, p = 0.007) than those in the WLC. The WLC showed significantly greater increases in help-seeking intentions from post-intervention to follow-up (d = 0.27, p = 0.027), relative to the TYS group.ConclusionsThis is the first investigation of a mental health stigma reduction program specifically designed for refugees. Findings suggest that evidence-based stigma reduction strategies are beneficial in targeting self-stigma related to help-seeking and increasing help-seeking amongst refugees. These results indicate that online interventions focusing on social contact may be a promising avenue for removing barriers to accessing help for mental health symptoms in traumatized refugees.
Hospitality and the ethics of religious diversity
Authors: SCHILBRACK KEVIN 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs the discipline of philosophy of religion stretches to become a global, cross-cultural discipline, it takes on ethical questions about how one should treat those who participate in religious forms of life one does not share. This article offers a typology of possible ethical positions in a context of religious diversity and argues that the strongest position is one of conditional hospitality. That is, the moral ideal proposed here is one of welcome to the religious other that is conditional on an accurate moral judgement of their practices, beliefs, and institutions.
The lure of incredible certitude
Authors: Manski Charles F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractForthright characterization of scientific uncertainty is important in principle and in practice. Nevertheless, economists and other researchers commonly report findings with incredible certitude, reporting point predictions and estimates. To motivate expression of incredible certitude, economists suggest that researchers respond to incentives that make the practice tempting. This temptation is the ‘lure’ of incredible certitude. I appraise some of the rationales that observers may have in mind when they state that incredible certitude responds to incentives. I conclude that scientific expression of incredible certitude at most has appeal in limited contexts. It should not be a general practice.
Charitable Crowdfunding in China: An Emergent Channel for Setting Policy Agendas?
Authors: Tsai Kellee S. , Wang Qingyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSocial media in China has not only become a popular means of communication, but also expanded the interaction between the government and online citizens. Why have some charitable crowdfunding campaigns had agenda-setting influence on public policy, while others have had limited or no impact? Based on an original database of 188 charitable crowdfunding projects currently active on Sina Weibo, we observe that over 80 per cent of long-term campaigns do not have explicit policy aspirations. Among those pursuing policy objectives, however, nearly two-thirds have had either agenda-setting influence or contributed to policy change. Such campaigns complement, rather than challenge existing government priorities. Based on field interviews (listed in Appendix A), case studies of four micro-charities – Free Lunch for Children, Love Save Pneumoconiosis, Support Relief of Rare Diseases, and Water Safety Program of China – are presented to highlight factors that contributed to their variation in public outcomes at the national level. The study suggests that charitable crowdfunding may be viewed as an “input institution” in the context of responsive authoritarianism in China, albeit within closely monitored parameters.
Cardiomyopathy in congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Gehrmann Josef , Sohlbach Kristina , Linnebank Michael , Böhles Hans-Josef , Buderus Stephan , Gerd Kehl Hans , Vogt Johannes , Harms Erik , Marquardt Thorsten 
Published: April 2019

Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a group of inherited metabolic multisystem disorders characterized by defects in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. In most cases, neuromuscular disease is present. The purpose of this study was to characterize the cardiological aspects in this disorder.From the literature, we identified six children with congenital disorders of glycosylation associated with cardiac disease. We then screened for cardiovascular manifestations 20 patients diagnosed with congenital disorders of glycosylation at our own institution.Of the 6 patients identified in the literature, 4 had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while in the other 2 the cardiac diagnosis was unclear. The mean age at cardiac diagnosis was 5 months, with a range from 34 weeks to 24 months. Of the patients, five had died at a mean age of 3.5 months, with a range from 1.5 to 6 months, with one documented cardiac death. Three of our 20 patients (15%) had coexistent cardiomyopathy, and in three additional patients presenting with cardiomyopathy we made the diagnosis of a congenital disorder of glycosylation. In our cohort, dilated cardiomyopathy was found in two-thirds of the patients, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the other third. The mean age at cardiac diagnosis was 19 months, with a range from 0.5 to 84 months. Of these patients, two died in infancy at a mean age of 4 months, specifically at 1.5 and 7 months, due to cardiac disease, with one dying suddenly. The remaining four patients are alive with minor to severe cardiac dysfunction.We conclude that congenital disorders of glycosylation have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with cardiomyopathy, and that all patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation should be screened for an associated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac involvement contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, and probably to sudden cardiac death in this disorder.
High Speed Matrix Corrections for Quantitative X-ray Microanalysis Based on Monte Carlo Simulated K-Ratio Intensities
Authors: Donovan John , Pinard Philippe , Demers Hendrix 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDue to recent advances in modeling the production of characteristic X-rays, Monte Carlo simulation of electron–solid interactions can provide improved quantitative estimates of X-ray intensities for both homogeneous and heterogeneous interaction volumes. In the case of homogeneous materials, these modeled X-ray intensities can predict with excellent accuracy, matrix corrections for arbitrary compositions, arbitrary emission lines, and electron energies. By pre-calculating these Monte Carlo X-ray intensities for pure element standards and a range of compositions of binary systems, we can derive matrix corrections for complex compositions in real-time by parameterizing these k-ratios as the so-called alpha factors. This method allows one to perform Monte Carlo-based bulk matrix corrections in seconds for arbitrary and complex compositions (with two or more elements), by combining these binary alpha factors using the so-called beta expression. We are systematically calculating X-ray intensities for 11 compositions from 1 to 99 wt% for binary pairs of all emitters and absorbers in the periodic table, for the main emission lines (Kα, Kβ, Lα, Lβ, Mα, and Mβ) at beam energies from 5 to 50 keV, using Monte Carlo calculations based on a modified PENELOPE electron-photon transport code, although any other Monte Carlo software could also be utilized. Comparison of k-ratios calculated with the proposed method and experimental k-ratios from the Pouchou and Pichoir database suggest improvements over typical φ(ρz) methods. Additional comparisons with k-ratio measurements from more complex compositions would be ideal, but our testing of the additivity of the beta equation suggests that arbitrary compositions can be handled as well, except in cases of extreme fluorescence or absorption.