bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Professionals’ Empathy on Parents’ Anxiety in Cases of Juvenile Criminology
Authors: Rocha Juliana , Carvalho Irene Palmares 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn situations of juvenile delinquency, abuse, or neglect, determination of child custody relies on interviews with parents. This study aims to examine the effects of the interviewer’s empathy on parents’ anxiety, and to explore how parents experience these situations. A measure of anxiety was applied to 41 parents under evaluation for child custody before and after the assessment interview. Professionals’ empathy was rated by both parents and professionals after each appointment. Parents participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed through statistical and content analyses. The decrease in anxiety was significantly greater for parents who perceived professionals as “perfect” than for parents who perceived professionals as “less than perfect” in empathy. Parents’ and professionals’ empathy scores correlated positively, but the association between professionals’ self-rated empathy and parents’ anxiety was nonsignificant. Reactions to the justice system’s intervention emerging in the semistructured interviews were “unjustifiable intrusion,” “disconcerting information,” and “reality confirmation.” Each associated differently with parents’ expectations for the assessment interview (respectively, that the process be over quickly, that it be over successfully, and that help start quickly). Our results support the important effects, from parents’ perspectives, of empathy in assessment interviews in the context of juvenile criminology.
A Novel MicroRNA Signature for Cholestatic Drugs in Human Hepatocytes and Its Translation into Novel Circulating Biomarkers for Drug-Induced Liver Injury Patients
Authors: López-Riera Mireia , Conde Isabel , Castell José V , Jover Ramiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) diagnosis and classification (hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed) relies on traditional clinical biomarkers (eg ALT and ALP), despite limitations such as extrahepatic interferences, narrow dynamic ranges, and low mechanistic value. microRNAs may be very useful for complementing traditional DILI biomarkers but most studies in this direction have considered only paracetamol poisoning. Thus the value of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for idiosyncratic DILI has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we first examined the effect of model cholestatic drugs on the human hepatocyte miRNome by RNAseq and RT-qPCR. Results demonstrated that chlorpromazine, cyclosporin A, and ANIT induced (miR-21-3p, -21-5p, -22-3p, -27a-5p, -1260b, -34a-5p, and -98-5p) and repressed (-122-5p, -192-5p, -30c-5p, -424-5p, and -16-5p) specific miRNAs in sandwich-cultured upcyte hepatocytes. However, no common signature was found for cholestatic drugs. Next we investigated the levels of these miRNA in human serum and found that most were also significantly altered in cholestatic/mixed DILI patients upon hospital/ambulatory admission. However, miR-122-5p, -192-5p, -34a-5p, and -22-3p demonstrated a much more significant induction in patients with hepatocellular DILI, thus revealing better specificity for hepatocellular damage. Time-course analyses demonstrated that -1260b and -146 had a very similar profile to ALP, but with wider dynamic ranges, while -16-5p and -451a showed a negative correlation. Conversely, -122-5p and -192-5p correlated with ALT but with wider dynamic ranges and faster recoveries. Finally, the 122/451a and 122/16 ratios showed excellent prediction performances in both the study [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) >0.93] and the validation cohort (AUROC > 0.82), and can, therefore, be postulated for the first time as circulating miRNA biomarkers for idiosyncratic DILI.
Genetic Divergence and Diversity in Himalayan Puccinia striiformis Populations from Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rameez , Rehman Zia-ur , Nazir Sidra Noreen , Tshewang Sangay , Baidya Suraj , Hodson David , Imtiaz Muhammad , Ali Sajid 
Published: June 2019

The western Himalayan region in Pakistan has been shown to be the center of diversity of Puccinia striiformis; however, little is known about its genetic relations with the eastern part of the Himalayas. We studied the genetic structure of P. striiformis from Nepal (35 isolates) and Bhutan (31 isolates) in comparison with 81 Pakistani samples collected during 2015 and 2016, through microsatellite genotyping. Genetic analyses revealed a recombinant and highly diverse population structure in Pakistan, Bhutan, and Nepal. A high level of genotypic diversity (>0.90) was observed for the three countries of Pakistan (0.96), Bhutan (0.96), and Nepal (0.91) with the detection of 108 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in the overall population; 59 for Pakistan, 27 for Bhutan, and 26 for Nepal. Mean number of alleles per locus and gene diversity were higher in Nepal (3.19 and 0.458, respectively) than Bhutan (3.12 and 0.458, respectively). A nonsignificant difference between the observed and the expected heterozygosity in all populations further confirmed the recombinant structure. A clear population subdivision between the Himalayan region of Nepal, Bhutan, and Pakistan was evident, as revealed by FST values (ranging between 0.111 to 0.198), discriminant analysis of principal components, and resampling of MLGs. Limited gene flow could be present between Nepal and Bhutan, while the population from Pakistan was clearly distinct, and no divergence was present between two populations from Pakistan (Bajaur and Malakand). The overall high diversity and recombination signature suggested the potential role of recombination in the eastern Himalayan region (Nepal and Bhutan), which needs to be considered during host resistance deployment and in the context of aerial dispersal of the pathogen. Further surveillance should be made in the Himalayan region for disease management in the region and in the context of worldwide invasions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Advanced Paternal Age, Infertility, and Reproductive Risks: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Brandt Justin S. , Cruz Ithier Mayra A. , Rosen Todd , Ashkinadze Elena 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2019;39:81–87)
Advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with infertility and other reproductive risks. Studies looking at APA and outcomes have used different paternal age cutoffs, which has complicated systematic evaluations of reproductive risk associated with paternal aging.
The Frequency of Intrapartum Caesarean Section Use With the WHO Partograph Versus Zhang’s Guideline in the Labour Progression Study (LaPS): A Multicentre, Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Bernitz Stine , Dalbye Rebecka , Zhang Jun , Eggebø Torbjørn M. , Frøslie Kathrine F. , Olsen Inge Christoffer , Blix Ellen , Øian Pål 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet 2019;393:340–348)
The rate of cesarean sections is increasing worldwide and is a great concern because of its association with adverse outcomes for mothers and babies, the more than 50% risk for a subsequent cesarean section, and the increase in costs of labor care. Assessment and identification of labor progression and prolonged labor, denoted as true labor dystocia and often caused by inadequate contractions or obstructed labor, have profound effects on labor management and intrapartum cesarean section (ICS) use, because labor dystocia is the main indication for an ICS.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate-induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Can Be Prevented by Coadministering Antithrombin in a Porcine Trauma Model
Authors: Grottke Oliver , Honickel Markus , Braunschweig Till , Reichel Anne , Schöchl Herbert , Rossaint Rolf 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What this Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
The risk of thromboembolic complications with prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) appears low when used for reversal of vitamin K antagonists but might be different in other indications (e.g., trauma). A difference in risk could arise from the plasma ratio of pro- versus anticoagulant proteins. This study used a porcine trauma model to investigate combined treatment with PCC and antithrombin. The hypothesis was that antithrombin can modulate prothrombotic effects and prevent adverse events of PCC.

Methods
Nine treatment groups (n = 7 per group) were included: control (placebo), PCC (50 IU/kg), PCC plus antithrombin (three groups, with antithrombin doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 IU/kg), fibrinogen concentrate (100 mg/kg) plus PCC, fibrinogen concentrate plus PCC plus antithrombin dose of 50 IU/kg, tranexamic acid (15 mg/kg) plus fibrinogen concentrate plus PCC, and tranexamic acid plus fibrinogen concentrate plus PCC plus antithrombin dose of 50 IU/kg. In each group, bilateral femur fractures and thorax contusion were followed 60 min later by blunt liver injury. Study treatment was then administered, and animals were subsequently observed for 210 min.

Results
Total blood loss (mean ± SD) was statistically significantly lower in all three PCC plus antithrombin groups (PCC plus antithrombin dose of 50 IU/kg, 672 ± 63 ml; PCC plus antithrombin dose of 25 IU/kg, 535 ± 72 ml; and PCC plus antithrombin dose of 12.5 IU/kg, 538 ± 50 ml) than in the PCC group (907 ± 132 ml), which in turn had statistically significantly reduced bleeding versus the control group (1,671 ± 409 ml). Signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were apparent with PCC monotherapy, and early deaths occurred with fibrinogen concentrate plus PCC, attributable to pulmonary emboli. Antithrombin was protective against both of these effects: signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were absent from the PCC plus antithrombin groups, and there were no early deaths in the group with fibrinogen concentrate plus PCC plus antithrombin dose of 50 IU/kg.

Conclusions
According to this trauma model, 50 IU/kg PCC increases the risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation and other thromboembolic complications, most notably when coadministered with fibrinogen concentrate. The addition of antithrombin appears to reduce this risk.
Nonossifying Fibromas: A Computed Tomography–based Criteria to Predict Fracture Risk
Authors: Goldin Amanda N. , Muzykewicz David A. , Mubarak Scott J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) is the most common benign osseous lesion in children; however, our understanding of which lesions progress to a fracture remains unclear. In this study, we seek to formulate a classification system for NOFs to assess for fracture risk and determine what this classification system tells us regarding fracture risk of the distal tibia and distal femur NOFs.

Methods:
Charts were retrospectively reviewed for patients with NOFs. A 4-point criteria was created and used to calculate fracture risk for distal tibia and distal femur NOFs. The analysis included incidence, specificity, and sensitivity.

Results:
One point was given for each of the following findings on computed tomography (CT) scan: (1) >50% width on coronal view; (2) >50% width on sagittal view; (3) any cortical breach; (4) lack of a neocortex. In total, 34 patients with NOFs of the distal tibia had CT scans, of which 14 fractured. Zero with a 0- or 1-point score fractured, 2 with a 2-point score fractured (20%), 4 with a 3-point score fractured (44%), and 8 with a 4-point score fractured (100%). Sensitivities of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-point scores were 100%, 100%, 85.7%, and 57.1%, respectively, and specificities were 71.4%, 71.4%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. A total of 41 patients with NOFs of the distal femur had CT scans, of which 5 fractured. Zero with a 0-point score fractured, 1 with a 1-point score fractured (4%), 0 with a 2-point score fractured, 1 with a 3-point score fractured (20%), and 3 with a 4-point score fractured (100%). Sensitivities of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-point scores were 100%, 80%, 80%, and 60%, respectively; and specificities were 60%, 87.8%, 90%, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our 4-point CT criteria is easy to apply and identifies patients at high risk of fracture, helping surgeons make decisions regarding treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—prognostic study.
Is It Growth or Natural History? Increasing Spinal Deformity After Sanders Stage 7 in Females With AIS
Authors: Grothaus Olivia , Molina Domingo , Jacobs Cale , Talwalkar Vishwas , Iwinski Henry , Muchow Ryan 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Accurate prognosis and treatment decisions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) demand a reliable radiographic marker of growth cessation. Specifically, Sanders Stage 7 (SS7) is a useful marker of spine growth cessation in females and is proposed as a bracing endpoint. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of curve progression noted in female individuals with AIS after achieving SS7. We hypothesize that a subset of patients continues to progress at a greater rate than the natural history at SS7.

Methods:
This retrospective review included female patients with AIS treated at a single institution from May 2008 to 2018. Patients required a hand radiograph demonstrating SS7 and concurrent spine radiograph measuring <50 degrees, plus 2-year follow-up spine radiograph. Curve types were categorized by the modified Lenke Classification. Risser grade, menarche, height, weight, and bracing data were collected. Progression was defined as an increase of the main curve ≥5 degrees. Comparison between groups was analyzed using independent t tests and χ2 or Fisher exact tests as appropriate. Binary logistic regressions were used to construct a model predictive of progressing beyond 50 degrees or undergoing surgery.

Results:
A total of 89 patients met inclusion criteria, average main curve magnitude 33 degrees (SD 9) at SS7 and 38 degrees (SD 11) at 2-year follow-up. Forty-five (51%) patients progressed ≥5 degrees and 17 (19%) progressed at least 10 degrees. Seventy patients had curves <40 degrees at SS7 and 22 (31%) progressed to >40 degrees at 2 years. Eleven (12%) patients progressed to >50 degrees or had surgery at 2-year follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a threshold of 39.5 degrees curvature at SS7 associated with progression to >50 degrees or surgery (area under the curve=0.94, P<0.001, sensitivity=100%, specificity=87%). Patients with initial curves >40 degrees did have additional height gained (2.1 cm; SD 1.5), but this was not different than those <40 degrees, P>0.05. In addition, no other variables had statistically significant association with those that progressed (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
A curve >40 degrees at SS7 is at high risk for progressing to a curve measuring >50 degrees or requiring surgery. Those with curves below this threshold still have potential to make clinically significant progression after skeletal maturity. Follow-up of patients beyond SS7 is essential for curves measuring >40 degrees. Reaching SS7 with a curve <50 degrees may not be the endpoint for curve progression, even if predictive of the end of spinal growth.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective research study.
In Degenerative Spondylolisthesis, Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression Leads to Less Reoperations at 5 Years When Compared to Posterior Decompression With Instrumented Fusion
Authors: Kuo Calvin C. , Merchant Maqdooda , Kardile Mayur P. , Yacob Alem , Majid Kamran , Bains Ravinder S. 
Published: June 2019

Study Design.
Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to compare reoperation rates at 5-year follow-up of unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) versus posterior decompression with instrumented fusion (Fusion) for patients with low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in a multicenter database.

Summary of Background Data.
Controversy exists regarding whether fusion should be used to augment decompression surgery in patients with LSS with DS. For years, the standard has been fusion with standard laminectomy to prevent postoperative instability. However, this strategy is not supported by Level 1 evidence. Instability and reoperations may be reduced or prevented using less invasive decompression techniques.

Methods.
We identified 164 patients with DS and LSS who underwent ULBD between January 2007 and December 2011 in a multicenter database. These patients were propensity score-matched on age, sex, race, and smoking status with patients who underwent Fusion (n = 437). Each patient required a minimum of 5-year follow-up. The primary outcome was 5-year reoperation. Secondary outcome measures included postoperative complication rates, blood loss during surgery, and length of stay. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio of the 5-year reoperation rate between the two surgical groups.

Results.
The reoperation rate at 5-year follow-up was 10.4% in the ULBD group and 17.2% in the Fusion group. ULBD reoperations were more frequent at the index surgical level; Fusion reoperations were more common at an adjacent level. The two types of operations had similar postoperative complication rates, and both groups tended to have fusion reoperations.

Conclusion.
For patients with stable DS and LSS, ULBD is a viable, durable option compared to fusion with decreased blood loss and length stay, as well as a lower reoperation rate at 5-year follow-up. Further prospective studies are required to determine the optimal clinical scenario for ULBD in the setting of DS.

Level of Evidence: 3
A Congregation Transition of Care Program Using Faith Community Nurses and Volunteer Faith-Based Nurses
Authors: Strait Lee Ann , Fitzgerald Elizabeth , Zurmehly Joyce , Overcash Janine 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT:
Transition of Care Models can reduce the 30-day hospital readmission rate up to 67% by offering coordination and continuity of care. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a Congregation Transition of Care (CTOC) program in faith-based communities with the use of a faith community nurse and volunteer faith-based registered nurses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe findings, revealing a CTOC program can be effective in reducing 30-day readmissions in the faith community.
Triclosan and Female Reproductive Health
Authors: Zhu Wenting , Zhou Wei , Huo Xiaona , Zhao Shasha , Gan Yuexin , Wang Bin , Cheng Weiwei , Ouyang Fengxiu , Wang Weiye , Tian Ying , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Triclosan (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy-diphenyl ether) is widely used in personal care and household products. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies showed that triclosan may affect female reproductive health. However, evidence from human studies is scarce.

Objectives:
To assess the potential effects of triclosan on women’s reproductive health.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study recruited 1,182 couples who planned to conceive and presented to preconception care clinics for physical examination in Shanghai, China, between 2013 and 2015. These couples were then prospectively followed every 2 months for 12 months. Triclosan was quantified in preconception urine samples at enrollment. The outcomes of interest included menstruation and fecundity. Normal menstruation was defined as a woman who had normal cycle duration between 21 and 35 days, duration of menstrual bleeding between 3 and 7 days, and self-reported normal amount of menstrual bleeding.

Results:
A total of 698 women were included in the analysis on the association between triclosan and menstruation. Compared with low triclosan levels, high triclosan levels were associated with increased risks of abnormal menstruation [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.47; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 2.06] and prolonged menstrual cycle (OR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval = 1.00, 2.31). In the analysis on the association between triclosan and fecundability, 648 women were included. Compared with the lowest tertile of triclosan level (<1.1 ng/mL), the highest level (>4.5 ng/mL) was associated with a 23% of reduction in fecundability and there tended to be a dose–response pattern.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that triclosan may affect menstruation and reduce female fecundity.
Effects of Short-term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on the Lung Function of School Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Tasmin Saira , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Stickley Andrew , Md Nasiruddin , Saroar Golam , Yasumoto Shinya , Watanabe Chiho 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Ambient particulate pollution may adversely affect children’s lung function. However, evidence on this association remains scarce in Asia despite this region having the greatest burden of disease due to air pollution.

Objectives:
To investigate the effect of short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) on the lung function of school children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The possible seasonal modification of this association was also examined.

Methods:
A panel of 315 school children who were 9–16 years of age were recruited from three schools in and around Dhaka. Lung function was assessed using a spirometry test during the cool and warm seasons in 2013, yielding six measurements per child. Daily PM data were retrieved from nearby air monitoring stations. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine associations. Seasonal modification was examined by stratification.

Results:
An inverse association was observed for the lung function parameters with PM2.5; peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume within 1 second (FEV1) decreased with increasing PM2.5. The percent deviation from the personal median was −4.19% [95% confidence interval (CI): −5.72, −2.66] for PEF and −2.05% (95% CI: −2.92, −1.18) for FEV1 for a 20 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 on the previous day. Results for PM10 were less consistent. The estimated effects of PM on lung functions were generally greater in the warm season.

Conclusions:
Short-term exposure to PM is associated with worse lung function in children living in highly polluted settings, with the strength of these adverse PM effects varying by season.