bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection response forStreptococcus agalactiaeresistance in Nile tilapiaOreochromis niloticus
Authors: Suebsong Wasana , Poompuang Supawadee , Srisapoome Prapansak , Koonawootrittriron Skorn , Luengnaruemitchai Amorn , Johansen Harry , Rye Morten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe potential of selection to improve resistance to streptococcosis was evaluated in a commercial population of Nile tilapia in Thailand. The base generation (G0) consisted of offspring from 98 sires and 149 dams using a partly nested design. At 60 days post‐hatch, 30 fish from each family were injected intraperitoneally with aStreptococcosis agalactiaesolution (1 × 109 CFU/ml) and evaluated for 14 days. Disease resistance was recorded as the number of days from challenge until death (DD) and as a binary (BIN) trait (dead/alive) on day 14. Three models were used for genetic analyses: Cox frailty model for DD; animal model for DD; and animal model for BIN. Age at challenge was fitted as a covariate and contemporary group as fixed or random effect, depending on the model. Fish from the 18 most resistant families were selected to produce the first generation (G1). Heritability estimates for G0 were 0.22, 0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.11 ± 0.02 for the Cox, linear DD and linear BIN models, respectively. Selection response indicated that the risk of death decreased to 54%, survival time increased to 3.4 days and survival rate increased to 21%. These results suggest that genetic improvement is possible for this population.
A hybrid material flow analysis for quantifying multilevel anthropogenic resources
Authors: Cheng Kuang‐Ly , Hsu Shu‐Chien , Hung Cathy C. W. , Chen Pi‐Cheng , Ma Hwong‐wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study develops a hybrid material flow analysis (HMFA) method to evaluate the annual additional quantity of material stock, known as net additions to stock (NAS) at both micro‐ and macro‐levels through analyzing the fixed capital formation (FCF) and total supply in input‐output tables (IOTs). HMFA turns NAS from a balance indicator in the top‐down approach to an indicator with meaningful value in terms of urban ore evaluation. To verify the validity of HMFA, this study compares the developed HMFA with a top‐down approach and a bottom‐up approach through assessing the NAS of Taiwan and Germany. The quantity of NAS estimated by HMFA is considered as a more conservative upper bound than that by the top‐down approach, while underestimation often occurs with a bottom‐up approach. HMFA has been proven as an efficient and rational evaluation method which overcomes a key limitation in assessing micro‐level material stock by a top‐down approach, and solves the data demanding problem of the bottom‐up approach for quantifying material stock.
Arabidopsis DXO1 possesses deNADding and exonuclease activities and its mutation affects defense‐related and photosynthetic gene expression
Authors: Pan Shuying , Li Kai‐en , Huang Wei , Zhong Huan , Wu Huihui , Wang Yuan , Zhang He , Cai Zongwei , Guo Hongwei , Chen Xuemei , Xia Yiji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRNA capping and decapping tightly coordinate with transcription, translation, and RNA decay to regulate gene expression. Proteins in the DXO/Rai1 family have been implicated in mRNA decapping and decay, and mammalian DXO was recently found to also function as a decapping enzyme for NAD+‐capped RNAs (NAD‐RNA). The Arabidopsis genome contains a single gene encoding a DXO/Rai1 protein, AtDXO1. Here we show that AtDXO1 possesses both NAD‐RNA decapping activity and 5ʹ‐3ʹ exonuclease activity but does not hydrolyze the m7G cap. The atdxo1 mutation increased the stability of NAD‐RNAs and led to pleiotropic phenotypes, including severe growth retardation, pale color, and multiple developmental defects. Transcriptome profiling analysis showed that the atdxo1 mutation resulted in upregulation of defense‐related genes but downregulation of photosynthesis‐related genes. The autoimmunity phenotype of the mutant could be suppressed by either eds1 or npr1 mutation. However, the various phenotypes associated with the atdxo1 mutant could be complemented by an enzymatically inactive AtDXO1. The atdxo1 mutation apparently enhances post‐transcriptional gene silencing by elevating levels of siRNAs. Our study indicates that AtDXO1 regulates gene expression in various biological and physiological processes through its pleiotropic molecular functions in mediating RNA processing and decay.
Intrapartum Care and Experiences of Women with Midwives Versus Obstetricians in the Listening to Mothers in California Survey
Authors: Declercq Eugene R. , Belanoff Candice , Sakala Carol 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionMany studies based on hospital records or vital statistics have found that childbearing women experience benefits of lower rates of intervention with midwifery care versus obstetric care during labor and birth. Surveys of women's views and experiences can provide a richer analysis when comparing intrapartum care of midwives and obstetricians.
MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of data from the population‐based Listening to Mothers in California survey. The sample, which was representative of 2016 California hospital births, was drawn from birth certificate files and oversampled midwife‐attended births. Women responded to the survey in English or Spanish on any device or with a telephone interviewer. The present analysis is based on 1421 of the 2539 participants who identified a midwife or obstetrician as their attendant at a vaginal birth. A bivariate analysis of demographic, attitudinal, and intrapartum variables was conducted. A multivariable model included sociodemographic and attitudinal variables as covariates.ResultsBivariate analyses found significant socioeconomic differences by type of intrapartum care provider, with women in California attended by midwives more likely to be well educated and privately insured than women attended by obstetricians. Women with midwife birth attendants were less likely to report experiencing various intrapartum medical interventions, less likely to experience pressure to have epidural analgesia, and more likely to report that staff encouraged the woman's decision making. Adjusted odds ratios found that women with midwives were less likely to experience medical interventions, including attempted labor induction; labor augmentation; and use of pain medications, epidural analgesia, and intravenous fluids; and less likely to report pressure to have labor induction or epidural analgesia. Women cared for by midwives were more likely to experience any nonpharmacologic pain relief measures and nitrous oxide and to agree that hospital staff encouraged their decision making.DiscussionUsing women's own reports of their care experiences and adjusting for possible differences in women's attitudes and case mix, we found that midwifery care of women who had vaginal births was associated with reduced use of medical interventions and increased women's decisional latitude during labor and birth.
Insights into the origin and evolution of plant sigma factors
Authors: Fu Xin‐Xing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Liu Zhong‐Jian , Chen Zhi‐Duan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlant sigma factors (SIGs) are key regulators of chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast differentiation. Despite their functional importance, the evolutionary history of these factors remains unclear. Using newly available genomic and transcriptomic data, we undertook a detailed and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of SIG homologues from land plants and algae. Our results reveal that plants have acquired sigma factors from ancestor cyanobacteria through endosymbiotic gene transfers, forming four major clades, namely, super‐SIG2 (SIG2/3/4/6/SIG2‐like), SIG1, SIG5, and SIGX. The super‐SIG2 clade was confirmed to have evolved from cyanobacterial SIGA factors, and a novel clade (SIGX) specific to non‐angiosperms was revealed here. Gene duplications (mainly whole genome duplications) within lineages and species have contributed to the expansion of sigma factors in plants, especially flowering plants. We hypothesize that plant sigma factors originated from different endosymbiotic ancestors and evolved diverse functions. This not only sheds new light on the evolution of plant SIG genes but also paves the way for understanding the functional diversification of these genes.
Presumptive iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism induced by high‐dose ketoconazole administration in a dog
Authors: Hernandez‐Bures Andrea , White Amelia G. , Riordan Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 11‐year‐old male neutered Shih Tzu was referred to a tertiary facility with a history of weight loss, decreased appetite, polydipsia, and lethargy. The dog had a 10‐year history of nonspecific allergic dermatitis and was being treated with 16 mg/kg of ketoconazole q12h forMalasseziadermatitis. Vague gastrointestinal signs, hypocholesterolemia, and lack of a stress leukogram increased suspicion for hypoadrenocorticism (HA). An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test identified hypocortisolemia on pre‐ and post‐ACTH samples and ketoconazole was discontinued. After a short course of corticosteroid treatment, an ACTH stimulation test was repeated and pre‐ACTH cortisol concentration was within the reference range, and the post‐ACTH cortisol concentration was mildly increased. The temporal association between return of adequate adrenocortical cortisol production and discontinuation of ketoconazole led to the conclusion that the dog had developed iatrogenic HA secondary to ketoconazole treatment.
Evaluation of the effect of a new method on the pelvic organ prolapse symptoms
Authors: Gorji Zahra , Pourmomeny Abbas A. , Hajhashemy Maryam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies of treatment for prolapse, patients have undergone pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), but no exercises were performed for the hip muscles. Accordingly, this study investigated a new conservative treatment approach that was hypothesized to improve prolapse symptoms more than PFMT.MethodsForty women with Stage 2 or 3 prolapse were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group (n = 20 in each). In this study, patients are treated for 12 sessions (4 weeks and 3 sessions each week). In the control group, the pelvic floor muscle training is applied in for treatment. In the intervention group, in addition to pelvic floor muscle training, postural or positional inversion exercises are included in training.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in only three domains of the Prolapse Quality of Life questionnaire, namely general health (P = 0.010), physical limitation (P = 0.038), and social limitation (P = 0.010). Furthermore, International Consultation of Incontinence (ICIQ) scores for filling symptoms and bother scale differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.035 and P = 0.045, respectively). There was also a significant difference in the stage of prolapse and pelvic floor muscle strength in both groups compared with baseline, although only pelvic floor. muscle strength differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.041).ConclusionThis new method of postural or positional inversion leads to a greater improvement in symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse.
Assessing the viral content of uncultured picoeukaryotes in the global‐ocean by single cell genomics
Authors: Castillo Yaiza M. , Mangot Jean‐François , Benites Luiz Felipe , Logares Ramiro , Kuronishi Megumi , Ogata Hiroyuki , Jaillon Olivier , Massana Ramon , Sebastián Marta , Vaqué Dolors 
Published: August 2019

AbstractViruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and have fundamental ecological roles in controlling microbial communities. Yet, although their diversity is being increasingly explored, little is known about the extent of viral interactions with their protist hosts as most studies are limited to a few cultivated species. Here, we exploit the potential of single‐cell genomics to unveil viral associations in 65 individual cells of 11 essentially uncultured stramenopiles lineages sampled during the Tara Oceans expedition. We identified viral signals in 57% of the cells, covering nearly every lineage and with narrow host specificity signal. Only seven out of the 64 detected viruses displayed homologies to known viral sequences. A search for our viral sequences in global ocean metagenomes showed that they were preferentially found at the DCM and within the 0.2–3 µm size fraction. Some of the viral signals were widely distributed, while others geographically constrained. Among the viral signals we detected an endogenous mavirus virophage potentially integrated within the nuclear genome of two distant uncultured stramenopiles. Virophages have been previously reported as a cell's defence mechanism against other viruses, and may therefore play an important ecological role in regulating protist populations. Our results point to single‐cell genomics as a powerful tool to investigate viral associations in uncultured protists, suggesting a wide distribution of these relationships, and providing new insights into the global viral diversity.
Mosquito control actions affect chironomid diversity in temporary wetlands of the Upper Rhine Valley
Authors: Theissinger Kathrin , Röder Nina , Allgeier Stefanie , Beermann Arne J. , Brühl Carsten A. , Friedrich Anna , Michiels Susanne , Schwenk Klaus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Upper Rhine Valley, a “hotspot of biodiversity” in Germany, has been treated with the biocide Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) for mosquito control for decades. Previous studies discovered Bti nontarget effects in terms of severe chironomid abundance reductions. In this study, we investigated the impact of Bti on species level and addressed the community composition of the nontarget family Chironomidae by use of community metabarcoding. Chironomid emergence data were collected in three mosquito‐control relevant wetland types in the Upper Rhine Valley. For all three sites the chironomid species composition, based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs), was different to varying degrees in the Bti‐treated samples versus control samples, ranging from a significant 63% OTU reduction to an OTU replacement. We assumed that predatory chironomids are less prone to Bti than filter feeders, as the latter feed on floating particles leading to direct ingestion of Bti. However, a comparable percentage of predators and filter feeders (63% and 65%, respectively) was reduced in the Bti samples, suggesting that the feeding strategy is not the main driver for Bti sensitivity in chironomids. Finally, our data was compared to a three‐year‐old data set, indicating possible chironomid community recovery due to species recolonization a few years after the last Bti application. Considering the currently discussed worldwide insect decline we recommend a rethinking of the usage of the biocide Bti, and to prevent its ongoing application especially in nature protection reserves to enhance ecological resilience and to prevent boosting the current biodiversity loss.
Modeling biomass of white birch (Betula platyphylla) in the Lesser Khingan Range of China based on terrestrial 3D laser scanning system
Authors: Meng Yuan , Dong Xibin , Liu Weiguo , Lin Wenshu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) system was used to obtain the point cloud data ofBetula platyphyllasample trees and the diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and biomass were measured for these trees. A 3D point cloud model was constructed to obtain the parameters, such as trunk volume, crown volume, and crown surface area. Then, the TLS‐based parameters were introduced into the traditional constant allometric ratio (CAR) biomass models. The fitting precision of the modified models was compared with the traditional CAR models. Results showed that (a) the total biomass model and the biomass allocation models by introducing trunk volume and crown volume were optimal in terms of coefficient of determination (R2). TheR2of the total, trunk, branch, and leaf biomass models were 0.990, 0.966, 0.960, and 0.936, respectively. (b) The errors for the modified biomass models with trunk volume and crown volume were the smallest.Recommendations for Resource ManagersForest biomass represents the primary productivity of forests, which plays an important role in the study of the relationship between forest ecosystems and climate.The traditional constant allometric ratio biomass models were modified by introducing some key parameters from three‐dimensional point cloud data, such as trunk volume, crown volume, or crown surface area to improve the fitting precision.Betula platyphyllabiomass can be well estimated by the modified biomass models, which can significantly increase the reliability of tracking the changes of carbon stocks ofB. platyphyllanatural secondary forest in the Lesser Khingan Range of China.
Adult mental health practitioner beliefs about psychosis, parenting, and the role of the practitioner: A Q methodological investigation
Authors: Adderley Hope , Wittkowski Anja , Calam Rachel , Gregg Lynsey 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThere is a lack of research into parenting interventions for families which include a parent experiencing psychosis or other serious mental illness (SMI). Preliminary findings highlight the potential benefits of adult mental health practitioners supporting parents experiencing SMI by using self‐directed parenting interventions. This study explored beliefs relating to parenting and psychosis held by practitioners working in adult mental health settings, specifically examining their beliefs about the parenting needs of adults experiencing psychosis who have dependent children, as well as their role as adult mental health practitioners.DesignThis study used Q methodology to explore the beliefs of mental health practitioners on psychosis and parenting.MethodsTwenty‐one adult mental health practitioners ranked 58 items according to how much they agreed with the belief statement presented. Participants also provided additional written information and interviews to contextualize the Q methodology data.ResultsThree factors emerged representing three groups of practitioners with similar beliefs around psychosis and parenting. Factors were labelled: ‘Parenting interventions are worthwhile, and I’d deliver them’, ‘Parenting interventions are worthwhile, but I’m not confident to deliver them’, and ‘Parenting interventions might be worthwhile, but it’s not my responsibility’.ConclusionUsing parenting interventions as part of their clinical work was acceptable to most practitioners; however, some lacked confidence in their ability to work in a family‐focused way. Efforts now need to focus on enhancing practitioners’ skill, knowledge, and confidence in family‐focused approaches to provide increased and improved support to families which include a parent experiencing psychosis or other SMI.Practitioner pointsParenting interventions need to be made more available and accessible to parents experiencing serious mental illness (SMI), such as psychosis.Adult mental health practitioners are willing to incorporate parenting interventions into their work with parents accessing their services, but some lack confidence to do this.These results highlight the importance of equipping practitioners with the skill, knowledge, and confidence to engage in family‐focused approaches.Further research needs to involve parents experiencing SMI as well practitioners working in adult mental health services.
Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus disease resistance in cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Zaidi Syed Shan‐e‐Ali , Naqvi Rubab Zahra , Asif Muhammad , Strickler Susan , Shakir Sara , Shafiq Muhammad , Khan Abdul Manan , Amin Imran , Mishra Bharat , Mukhtar M. Shahid , Scheffler Brian E. , Scheffler Jodi A. , Mueller Lukas A. , Mansoor Shahid 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important fibre crop in the world. Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major limiting factor and a threat to textile industry in India and Pakistan. All the local cotton cultivars exhibit moderate to no resistance against CLCuD. In this study, we evaluated an exotic cotton accession Mac7 as a resistance source to CLCuD by challenging it with viruliferous whiteflies and performing qPCR to evaluate the presence/absence and relative titre of CLCuD‐associated geminiviruses/betasatellites. The results indicated that replication of pathogenicity determinant betasatellite is significantly attenuated in Mac7 and probably responsible for resistance phenotype. Afterwards, to decipher the genetic basis of CLCuD resistance in Mac7, we performed RNA sequencing on CLCuD‐infested Mac7 and validated RNA‐Seq data with qPCR on 24 independent genes. We performed co‐expression network and pathway analysis for regulation of geminivirus/betasatellite‐interacting genes. We identified nine novel modules with 52 hubs of highly connected genes in network topology within the co‐expression network. Analysis of these hubs indicated the differential regulation of auxin stimulus and cellular localization pathways in response to CLCuD. We also analysed the differential regulation of geminivirus/betasatellite‐interacting genes in Mac7. We further performed the functional validation of selected candidate genes via virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS). Finally, we evaluated the genomic context of resistance responsive genes and found that these genes are not specific to A or D sub‐genomes of G. hirsutum. These results have important implications in understanding CLCuD resistance mechanism and developing a durable resistance in cultivated cotton.
The biker‐glove pattern of congenital melanocytic nevi
Authors: Kittler Nicole W. , Mathes Erin F. , Kinsler Veronica , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCongenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are common birthmarks with 20% occurring on the limbs. We describe 4 patients with acral CMN with a “biker‐glove” distribution with sparing of the distal digits, as has previously been described in acral infantile hemangiomas (IH). The existence of the biker‐glove pattern suggests that CMN arise from early mutations in melanocyte precursors and supports the recently described Kinsler‐Larue hypothesis of mesenchymal distribution of melanocyte migration occurring in a circular field from a central point. Developmental errors in mesenchymal precursors with similar migration patterns may explain this shared pattern among CMN and IH.
Childhood ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid successfully treated with rituximab
Authors: Flores‐Climente Víctor , Rozas‐Muñoz Eduardo , Martínez‐Grau Ainhoa , Aucouturier Françoise , Luna Sabina , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOcular mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease that usually affects elderly patients being extremely rare in pediatric population. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, ocular MMP may progress causing significant morbidity. Herein, we describe a toddler with ocular MMP successfully treated with rituximab.