bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of publishing surgeon-specific outcomes on surgical training
Authors: Harries R L , Glasbey J , Gokani V J , Griffiths G , Allum W 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver the past 10 years, the National Health Service in England has started to publish surgeon-specific outcomes publicly. The aim of this study was to investigate how this has affected training case exposure for surgeons in training.MethodsAnonymized data were collected from the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme database for operations in each specialty with published surgeon outcomes, involving surgical trainees on an approved training programme between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. Trainee and supervisor involvement in operations before and after the start of publication of surgeon-specific outcomes were compared using mixed-effects models.ResultsA total of 163 076 recorded operative procedures were included. A statistically significant improvement in exposure to training procedures was observed for anterior resection of rectum, carotid endarterectomy, gastrectomy, meningioma excision, prostatectomy and thyroidectomy following the introduction of publication of surgeon outcomes. In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and total hip replacement (THR), however, there was a reduction in involvement in training procedures. This was apparent for both trainee and supervisor involvement in CABG, and for trainee involvement in THR.ConclusionExposure to training procedures has improved rather than declined in the UK in the majority of surgical specialties, since the publication of surgeon-specific outcomes.
Development and validation of a gene expression test to identify hard-to-heal chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Bosanquet D C , Sanders A J , Ruge F , Lane J , Morris C A , Jiang W G , Harding K G 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Chronic venous leg ulcers pose a significant burden to healthcare systems, and predicting wound healing is challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a genetic test to evaluate the propensity of a chronic ulcer to heal.

Methods
Sequential refinement and testing of a gene expression signature was conducted using three distinct cohorts of human wound tissue. The expression of candidate genes was screened using a cohort of acute and chronic wound tissue and normal skin with quantitative transcript analysis. Genes showing significant expression differences were combined and examined, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, in a controlled prospective study of patients with venous leg ulcers. A refined gene signature was evaluated using a prospective, blinded study of consecutive patients with venous ulcers.

Results
The initial gene signature, comprising 25 genes, could identify the outcome (healing versus non-healing) of chronic venous leg ulcers (area under the curve (AUC) 0·84, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 0·94). Subsequent refinement resulted in a final 14-gene signature (WD14), which performed equally well (AUC 0·88, 0·80 to 0·97). When examined in a prospective blinded study, the WD14 signature could also identify wounds likely to demonstrate signs of healing (AUC 0·73, 0·62 to 0·84).

Conclusion
A gene signature can identify people with chronic venous leg ulcers that are unlikely to heal.
Caffeoylquinic Acids: Separation Method, Antiradical Properties and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Indy Tamayose Cinthia , dos Santos Evelyne A. , Roque Nádia , Costa‐Lotufo Letícia V. , Pena Ferreira Marcelo J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwelve chlorogenic acid derivatives and two flavones were isolated from Moquiniastrum floribundum (Asteraceae, other name: Gochnatia floribunda). Compounds were evaluated in relation to their cytotoxicity and antiradical properties. Cytotoxicity was not observed for compounds, however, chlorogenic acid derivatives showed antiradical activity and were more active than the Trolox standard. Quinic acid esterified with caffeoyl group at C‐4 position showed higher antiradical activity compared to acylation at C‐3 or C‐5 positions. Additional caffeoyl groups esterified in quinic acid increase the antiradical activity observed for 4‐caffeoylquinic acid. Excepted to 3,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, methyl ester derivatives show higher capacity of trapping radicals than their respective acids. Consequently, the presence of caffeoyl group at C‐4 position of quinic acid is suggested as fundamental to obtain the highest antiradical activity.
A FTIR Study of the Acidity of in situ Generated Brønsted Sites on NaY via Displacement Reactions
Authors: Wu Jingcheng , Murphy Brian M. , Gould Nicholas S. , Wang Chenguang , Ma Longlong , Xu Bingjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtrinsic Brønsted acid sites (BAS) on zeolites are generated on NaY upon exposure to organic acids through an ion exchange process. However, the acid‐base chemistry of species adsorbed on the zeolites is largely unexplored. In this work, organic acids with varying acidity are employed to investigate the proton‐transfer displacement within the micropores of NaY. The direction and degree of the displacement reactions are monitored by in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two organic acids are sequentially introduced to NaY, and the direction and extent of the displacement reaction are followed by the diagnostic vibrational band of the adsorbed carboxylate species, i. e., ν([O−C−O]−). Stronger acids are able to displace dissociatively adsorbed weaker acids on NaY, which is analogous to the solution‐phase acid‐base chemistry favoring the formation of weaker acids by stronger acids. The gas phase deprotonation energy correlates more closely with displacement reaction than pKa, which is explicitly defined in the aqueous solution of acids. A thermochemical cycle is constructed to rationalize the observation that acid‐base reactions in the zeolite pores could be predicted with the gas phase acidity of compounds involved in the displacement reactions.
Cascade‐Amplified Time‐Resolved Fluorescent Assay Driven by an Enzyme‐Integrated Catalytic Compartment as an Artificial Multi‐Enzyme Complex
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Caihong , Wang Jinhong , Tan Hongliang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe here report a simple and efficient strategy of fabricating artificial multi‐enzyme complex (MEC) based on the integration of natural enzyme with catalytic compartment. As a proof of concept, this strategy was demonstrated by selecting cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and CeIII‐based nanoscale coordination polymer (Ce‐NCP) with peroxidase‐like activity as the models, which forms ChOx@Ce‐NCP. Benefitting from the confinement and sheltering effects of Ce‐NCP, superior cascade activity and stability in harsh environments were achieved in ChOx@Ce‐NCP. Meanwhile, the distinct advantage of ChOx@Ce‐NCP has also been highlighted by its negligible substrate inhibition effect and adjustable mass ratio of building blocks. Upon the doping of TbIII in ChOx@Ce‐NCP, a luminescent artificial MEC (ChOx@Ce‐NCP:Tb) was further fabricated to drive a cascade amplified time‐resolved fluorescent assay within a confined space, showing high sensitivity and specificity toward cholesterol.
A Rhenium Isonitrile Complex Induces Unfolded Protein Response‐Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: King A. Paden , Marker Sierra C. , Swanda Robert V. , Woods Joshua J. , Qian Shu‐Bing , Wilson Justin J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComplexes of the element Re have recently been shown to possess promising anticancer activity through mechanisms of action that are distinct from the conventional metal‐based drug cisplatin. In this study, we report our investigations on the anticancer activity of the complex [Re(CO)3(dmphen)(p‐tol‐ICN)]+ (TRIP) in which dmphen=2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and p‐tol‐ICN=para‐tolyl isonitrile. TRIP was synthesized by literature methods and exhaustively characterized. This compound exhibited potent in vitro anticancer activity in a wide variety of cell lines. Flow cytometry and immunostaining experiments indicated that TRIP induces intrinsic apoptosis. Comprehensive biological mechanistic studies demonstrated that this compound triggers the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response, and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, TRIP induced hyperphosphorylation of eIF2α, translation inhibition, mitochondrial fission, and expression of proapoptotic ATF4 and CHOP. These results establish TRIP as a promising anticancer agent based on its potent cytotoxic activity and ability to induce ER stress.
Direct enantioselective vinylogous Mannich‐type reactions of acyclic enals: New experimental insights into the E/Z‐dilemma
Authors: Vargiu Michela , Favero Lucilla , Menichetti Andrea , Di Bussolo Valeria , Marchetti Fabio , Pescitelli Gennaro , Di Pietro Sebastiano , Pineschi Mauro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe direct heterofunctionalization of acyclic α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with N‐acylquinolinium ions contemplating the formation of two stereocentres is studied using dienamine catalysis. This work gives some new experimental insights on the remote stereocontrol in dienamine catalysis using unbiased aliphatic systems and large electrophiles, pointing to a (Z)‐preference of the reactive configuration of the second double bond.
On the Relation between Enhanced Dissipation Timescales and Mixing Rates
Authors: Zelati Michele Coti , Delgadino Matias G. , Elgindi Tarek M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study diffusion and mixing in different linear fluid dynamics models, mainly related to incompressible flows. In this setting, mixing is a purely advective effect that causes a transfer of energy to high frequencies. When diffusion is present, mixing enhances the dissipative forces. This phenomenon is referred to as enhanced dissipation, namely the identification of a timescale faster than the purely diffusive one. We establish a precise connection between quantitative mixing rates in terms of decay of negative Sobolev norms and enhanced dissipation timescales. The proofs are based on a contradiction argument that takes advantage of the cascading mechanism due to mixing, an estimate of the distance between the inviscid and viscous dynamics, and an optimization step in the frequency cutoff.Thanks to the generality and robustness of our approach, we are able to apply our abstract results to a number of problems. For instance, we prove that contact Anosov flows obey logarithmically fast dissipation timescales. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a flow that induces an enhanced dissipation timescale faster than polynomial. Other applications include passive scalar evolution in both planar and radial settings and fractional diffusion. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Luciferin Regeneration in Firefly Bioluminescence via Proton‐Transfer‐Facilitated Hydrolysis, Condensation and Chiral Inversion
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFirefly bioluminescence is produced via luciferin enzymatic reactions in luciferase. Luciferin has to be unceasingly replenished to maintain bioluminescence. How is the luciferin reproduced after it has been exhausted? In the early 1970s, Okada proposed the hypothesis that the oxyluciferin produced by the previous bioluminescent reaction could be converted into new luciferin for the next bioluminescent reaction. To some extent, this hypothesis was evidenced by several detected intermediates. However, the detailed process and mechanism of luciferin regeneration remained largely unknown. For the first time, we investigated the entire process of luciferin regeneration in firefly bioluminescence by density functional theory calculations. This theoretical study suggests that luciferin regeneration consists of three sequential steps: the oxyluciferin produced from the last bioluminescent reaction generates 2‐cyano‐6‐hydroxybenzothiazole (CHBT) in the luciferin regenerating enzyme (LRE) via a hydrolysis reaction; CHBT combines with L‐cysteine in vivo to form L‐luciferin via a condensation reaction; and L‐luciferin inverts into D‐luciferin in luciferase and thioesterase. The presently proposed mechanism not only supports the sporadic evidence from previous experiments but also clearly describes the complete process of luciferin regeneration. This work is of great significance for understanding the long‐term flashing of fireflies without an in vitro energy supply.
Nitration of Azasydnones and Azasydnonimines: A Method for the Functionalization of Aryl Derivatives
Authors: Dalinger Igor L. , Serushkina Olga V. , Lipilin Dmitry L. , Anisimov Aleksei A. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Sheremetev Aleksei B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first example of functionalization of mesoionic 3‐R‐1,2,3,4‐oxatriazol‐5‐ones and 3‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐oxatriazol‐5‐imines (azasydnones and azasydnonimines, respectively) by the electrophilic reaction without destruction of the oxatriazole ring is reported. Nitration of a range of aryl derivatives bearing various electron donating and withdrawing substituents at the ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐positions using HNO3/H2SO4 mixtures has been assessed in order to develop an approach for the synthesis of corresponding nitroaryl derivatives. Whereas nitration occurs meta to the azasydnone ring, the regioselectivity of the electrophilic substitution can be affected by the nature of the substituent attached to the aryl ring, and a variety of polyfunctionalized derivatives can be readily accessed by using this methodology, which may have applications in the target‐oriented synthesis. The reactivity, synthesis, and structure of the mesoionic 3‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐oxatriazole derivatives described here provide interesting new information on this known but poorly understood heterocycle.
Parallel declines in abundance of insects and insectivorous birds in Denmark over 22 years
Authors: Møller Anders Pape 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFarmers in most western countries have increased use of fertilizer and pesticides with impact on wild animals and plants, including the abundance of insects and their predators.I used 1,375 surveys of insects killed on car windscreens as a measure of insect abundance during 1997–2017 at two transects in Denmark. I cross‐validated this method against three other methods for sampling insect abundance, and I investigated the effects of this measure of insect abundance on the abundance of breeding insectivorous birds.The abundance of flying insects was quantified using a windscreen resulting in reductions of 80% and 97% at two transects of 1.2 km and 25 km, respectively, according to general additive mixed model. Insect abundance increased with time of day, temperature, and June date, but decreased with wind resulting in a reduction by 54%. The abundance of insects killed on a car windscreen was strongly positively correlated with the abundance of insects caught in sweep nets and on sticky plates in the same study areas and at the same time as when insects were sampled using windscreens. The decline in abundance of insects on windscreens predicted the rate at which barn swallowsHirundo rusticafed their nestlings, even when controlling statistically for time of day, weather, and age and number of nestlings. The abundance of breeding pairs of three species of aerially insectivorous birds was positively correlated with the abundance of insects killed on windscreens at the same time in the same study area. This suggests a link between two trophic levels as affected by the temporal reduction in the abundance of flying insects.These findings are consistent with recent dramatic declines in insect abundance in Europe and North America with consequences for the rate of food provisioning of barn swallow offspring, the abundance of aerially insectivorous birds and bottom‐up trophic cascades.
Tin Content Is a Possible Marker to Discriminate Argan Oil Against Olive, Sesame, Mustard, Corn, Peanut, and Sunflower Oils
Authors: Mohammed Faez , Guillaume Dominique , Abdulwali Nada , Zabara Bilkis , Bchitou Rahma 
Published: May 2019

Argan oil occupies an important position in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food domains. Because of its elevated price, argan oil is subjected to adulteration practices by industrial or commercial actors eager to increase profit margins. Therefore, methods to ascertain argan oil authenticity are actively looked for. The use of argan oil elements as authenticity markers has been evaluated. To identify distinctive markers of argan oil allowing the detection of adulteration, the element content of seven pairs of vegetable edible oils is analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). For each pair, a plant is grown in Morocco and the other in a different country. Content of 12 metals in the resulting vegetable oil is determined and results are interpreted taking into account the soil element content. This study shows that soil element content frequently influences the oil element content but argan oil, which is necessarily prepared from roasted argan kernels, represents a special case since its tin content is much higher than in any other oils. Tin content is a useful marker to characterize argan oil and can be used to certify its authenticity.Practical Application: Tin content determination can be recommended as a possible specific marker to certify argan oil authenticity. This study demonstrates that such analysis is efficient to differentiate argan oil from six other common edible oils.Element content determination is performed over three consecutive years using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) on seven different pairs of edible oils: argan, olive, sesame, mustard, corn, peanut, and sunflower oils. One member of the pair has been prepared from fruit or seeds grown in Morocco while the other one originated from a far removed location. Depending on the type of oil, differences in element content are observed but, remarkably, argan oil is the only oil presenting an elevated tin content that is confirmed by a bibliography search. Therefore tin content determination can be recommended as an additional method to certify argan oil authenticity.
Cobalt‐based Catalysts Modified Cathode for Enhancing Bioelectricity Generation and Wastewater Treatment in Air‐breathing Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Meng , Zhong Kengqiang , Zhang Liqiu , Wang Shengdan , Zhang Hongguo , Huang Yu , Chen Shi , Mai Hanjian , Zhang Nan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo seek an efficient way to enhance the power output and wastewater treatment of microbial fuel cell (MFC), several cobalt‐based composites are successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method under different pyrolysis temperature, and these composites are used as electrocatalyst in air‐breathing cathode of MFC. Different species of nitrogen atom are successfully grafted on the cobalt‐based composites and confirmed by physical and electrochemical analyses. In MFC tests, the maximum power density increases from 577.8 mW m−2 to 931.1 mW m−2 with pyrolysis temperature (except for 1000 °C). These electrochemical tests and high COD removal show that Co/N/C‐900 can rapidly transfer electron via a 2×2 e− transfer pathway, mainly due to the exposure of large electrochemical active area and introduction of the defects of pyridinic−N and abundant oxygen vacancies. Although the power density of MFC with Co/N/C‐900 is 81.1 % of that of commercial Pt/C, the MFC with Co/N/C‐900 is more stable than that of Pt/C, and the power density for Co/N/C‐900 has only a 2.8 % decrease during 25‐cycles operation. The great electrocatalytic activity of the novel Co/N/C‐900 composite exhibits a superior outlook for scale‐up application of MFC in the future.
Electrochemical Detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Bozal‐Palabiyik Burcin , Lettieri Mariagrazia , Uslu Bengi , Marrazza Giovanna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report the development of a sensitive label‐free impedimetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as biomimetic receptor coupled with screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Firstly, electropolymerization of o‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) in the presence of VEGF molecule by cyclic voltammetry was performed onto graphite screen‐printed electrodes. The solvent extraction of the target was then carried out. The MIP based sensor was characterized by electrochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using optimized experimental conditions, the single‐use MIP‐based sensor showed a good analytical performance for VEGF detection from 20 to 200 pg mL−1 with limit of detection of 0.08 pg mL−1. Finally, the developed MIP‐based sensor in human serum samples was also tested.
Energy performance and summer thermal comfort of traditional courtyard buildings in a desert climate
Authors: Zamani Zahra , Heidari Shahin , Azmoodeh Maryam , Taleghani Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCourtyards have been traditionally used as a passive design strategy in desert climates. However, few studies have quantified the thermal performance of this building archetype. This paper explored the indoor and outdoor thermal conditions of a typical courtyard house in Iran. The study was performed in two phases. The first phase showed the effect of the position of the zones located in four sides of the courtyard on their indoor energy use and indoor thermal comfort. The results showed that the east and west sides of the courtyard require the highest cooling demand due to the solar radiation in summer time. Furthermore, maximum discomfort hours occurred in the east zone. In the second phase, hourly air temperature inside and outside of the courtyard were compared during the longest day of the year (21stof June). The results showed that inside of the courtyard was 1.2 °C cooler than the outside on average. Moreover, it was observed that the temperature fluctuations outside of the courtyard were higher than the inside. To sum up, the results showed that courtyards can provide a cooler microclimate in summer time.
A divergence‐conforming hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method for the incompressible Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Peters Eric L. , Evans John A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe present a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for the incompressible Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with the Spalart‐Allmaras one‐equation turbulence model. The method extends upon an HDG method recently introduced by Rhebergen and Wells for the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. With a special choice of velocity and pressure spaces for both element and trace degrees of freedom (DOFs), the method returns pointwise divergence‐free mean velocity fields and properly balances momentum and energy. We further examine the use of different polynomial degrees and meshes to see how the order of the scalar eddy viscosity affects the convergence of the mean velocity and pressure fields, specifically for the method of manufactured solutions. As is standard with HDG methods, static condensation can be employed to remove the element DOFs and thus dramatically reduce the global number of DOFs. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.