bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity within Medicago truncatula genotypes toward response to iron deficiency: Investigation of main tolerance mechanisms
Authors: Kallala Nadia , M’sehli Wissal , Jelali Karima , Batnini Marwa , Badri Mounawer , Nouairi Issam , Mhadhbi Haythem 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIron (Fe) deficiency is one of the major environmental stresses affecting plant production in the world. The selection of tolerant genotypes is considered an effective remediation strategy for this stress. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the biodiversity within Medicago truncatula plants in response to Fe deficiency, to identify tolerant genotypes and to assess the main tolerance mechanisms. To do this, a screening test was performed on 20 M. truncatula genotypes cultivated in minimal medium. Biometric and physiological markers were analyzed, including plant biomass, chlorophyll and root architecture. Results showed a biodiversity among the 20 genotypes. Interestingly, Fe deficiency tolerance was highest in TN8.20 and A17 genotypes. However, the lowest tolerance behavior was observed in TN1.11 and TN6.18. In order to investigate the main tolerance mechanisms, an experiment was conducted in the hydroponic system on already selected genotypes. Assessment of Fe deficiency tolerance was performed mainly on plant growth parameters, Fe (III)‐chelate‐reductase activity, rhizosphere acidification and antioxidant system defense. The relative better tolerance of A17 and TN8.20 to Fe deficiency was positively correlated with their capacity to maintain higher Fe‐acquisition efficiency in roots via rhizosphere acidification and the stimulation of Fe (III)‐chelate‐reductase activity. Moreover, tolerant genotypes showed the lowest decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity (CO2 assimilation) compared to the sensitive ones. The efficiency of antioxidant capacity of the tolerant genotypes was revealed in stimulation of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities as well as accumulation of polyphenols, leading to the maintenance of cell integrity under Fe deficiency.
The effect of stakeholder culture on managers’ perceptions of stakeholder attributes in Australian not‐for‐profit organizations
Authors: Jiao Lu , Harrison Graeme , Chen Jinhua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe examine the relation between stakeholder culture and managers’ perceptions of stakeholder attributes of power, legitimacy, and urgency in Australian not‐for‐profit (NFP) organizations. Examination of this relation is important because managers’ perceptions of stakeholder attributes determine how stakeholder relationships are managed, which affects (positively or negatively) the ability of NFP organizations to fulfil their social mission. Data were collected through a survey of top managers of 478 NFP organizations. Our results show that the stakeholder cultures of altruist and instrumentalist, manifesting different moral values, differentially affect NFP managers’ perceptions of the three stakeholder attributes for clients and government. Specifically, an altruist stakeholder culture affects managers’ perception of client legitimacy, while an instrumentalist culture affects managers’ perception of government power. We also investigate the mediating effects of power and legitimacy on the relation between stakeholder cultures and urgency. We find that managers’ perceptions of power and legitimacy act as crucial cues for managers to perceive stakeholder urgency. Our study contributes to the stakeholder management literature and has important implications for managers of NFP organizations in managing stakeholder relationships in the contemporary environment.
Natural history of gastroesophageal reflux: A prospective cohort study in a stratified, randomized population in Beijing
Authors: Fang Xiucai , Zhu Liming , Wu Dongsheng , Wang Zhifeng , Fei Guijun , Chang Min , Liu Fangyi , Xin Haiwei , Xu Tao , Chen Wei , Wen Ping , Li Shan , Zhao Wei , Chen Weiguang , Yao Fang , Sun Xiaohong , Han Shaomei , Ke Meiyun 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the natural history of and risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in a prospective cohort in Beijing, China.MethodsWe selected adult participants using a stratified randomized method and performed initial surveys in 1996 and the current survey in 2008. Well‐trained investigators administered the survey questionnaire using face‐to‐face interviews. Reflux symptoms were evaluated by their intensity and frequency. GER was defined as heartburn, acid reflux, and food regurgitation at least once a week, and monthly reflux was defined as at least one of the above symptoms occurring 1‐3 days per month.ResultsThe resurvey response rate was 47.8% (1189/2486). Over 12 years, 66.9% of the respondents remained unchanged, and one‐third changed, with a GER new onset rate of 7.0 per 1000 person‐years and a GER disappearance rate of 64.6 per 1000 person‐years. This kept the GER prevalence stable at 8.2% to 9.5% (P = 0.28). GER and monthly reflux exhibited significant differences in their tendency to persist or become aggravated to GER (22.4% vs 11.9%, P = 0.02). Participants who initially had single, mild to moderate, daily GER were more likely to recover from reflux over time. Participants with persistent and aggravated GER had more severe heartburn and acid reflux than those with new‐onset GER in the current survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that emotional depression is a risk factor for GER aggravation (odds ratio 3.52, 95% confidence interval 1.43‐8.67, P = 0.006).ConclusionThe initial symptom profile of reflux determines the outcome of GER over time.
A validated workflow for rapid taxonomic assignment and monitoring of a national fauna of bees (Apiformes) using high throughput DNA barcoding
Authors: Creedy Thomas J. , Norman Hannah , Tang Cuong Q. , Qing Chin Kai , Andujar Carmelo , Arribas Paula , O’Connor Rory S. , Carvell Claire , Notton David G. , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImproved taxonomic methods are needed to quantify declining populations of insect pollinators. This study devises a high‐throughput DNA barcoding protocol for a regional fauna (United Kingdom) of bees (Apiformes), consisting of reference library construction, a proof‐of‐concept monitoring scheme, and the deep barcoding of individuals to assess potential artefacts and organismal associations. A reference database of cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (cox1) sequences including 92.4% of 278 bee species known from the UK showed high congruence with morphological taxon concepts, but molecular species delimitations resulted in numerous split and (fewer) lumped entities within the Linnaean species. Double tagging permitted deep Illumina sequencing of 762 separate individuals of bees from a UK‐wide survey. Extracting the target barcode from the amplicon mix required a new protocol employing read abundance and phylogenetic position, which revealed 180 molecular entities of Apiformes identifiable to species. An additional 72 entities were ascribed to nuclear pseudogenes based on patterns of read abundance and phylogenetic relatedness to the reference set. Clustering of reads revealed a range of secondary operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in almost all samples, resulting from traces of insect species caught in the same traps, organisms associated with the insects including a known mite parasite of bees, and the common detection of human DNA, besides evidence for low‐level cross‐contamination in pan traps and laboratory procedures. Custom scripts were generated to conduct critical steps of the bioinformatics protocol. The resources built here will greatly aid DNA‐based monitoring to inform management and conservation policies for the protection of pollinators.
Dynamic efficiencies of the 1997 Boeing‐McDonnell Douglas merger
Authors: An Yonghong , Zhao Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe evaluate the welfare effects of the 1997 Boeing‐McDonnell Douglas merger in the medium‐sized, wide‐body aircraft industry. We find that the merger led to lower prices. To explain the price drop, we develop a dynamic oligopoly game with learning‐by‐doing. We quantify the welfare effects of the merger by incorporating both increased market power and merger efficiencies from accelerated learning‐by‐doing. Our dynamic analysis indicates that net consumer surplus increased by as much as $5.14 billion, whereas a static model ignoring efficiencies of learning‐by‐doing predicts a $0.92 billion loss.
Prognostic significance of molecular characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid for non‐small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Yutao , Duan Jianchun , Yang Boyan , Bai Hua , Sun Rui , Yu Lei , Wang Jie 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundStudies in EGFR+ non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) comparing survival rates and gene mutation detection with matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma are relatively scarce. We evaluated gene mutations, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes in EGFR+ NSCLC patients with LM.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed gene mutation status in the CSF and plasma of 32 EGFR+ NSCLC patients with LM for prognostic significance.ResultsThe rate of LM disease control was significantly higher in patients that switched EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatments, initiated EGFR‐TKIs, or received high‐dose EGFR‐TKI treatment than those who continued their current EGFR‐TKI treatment, received chemotherapy, or were not administered antitumor treatment (24/24, 100.0% vs. 1/8, 12.5%; P = 0.000). Overall survival was 27.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.0–37.5), median survival after LM was 7.0 months (95% CI 5.0–11.0), and median survival before LM was 17.0 months (95% CI 12–25.5). Median survival after LM was significantly shorter in patients with “worse” status (n = 7) than in those with “improved/stable” status (n = 25; 4.2 [95% CI 2.2–6.1] vs. 33.7 [95% CI 25.5–41.8] months, HR 10.114, 95% CI 0.29–1.37; P = 0.008).ConclusionsEGFR‐TKIs should be the priority course of treatment in EGFR+ NSCLC patients after a diagnosis of LM. Liquid biopsy in both plasma and CSF, as well as dynamic detection, play important roles in the direction of treatment for such patients.
Efficacy and safety of artificial pneumothorax with position adjustment for CT‐guided percutaneous transthoracic microwave ablation of small subpleural lung tumors
Authors: Jia Haipeng , Tian Jie , Liu Bo , Meng Hong , Pan Fengmin , Li Chunhai 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of artificial pneumothorax with position adjustment for computed tomograpy (CT)‐guided percutaneous transthoracic microwave ablation (MWA) of small subpleural lung tumors.MethodsFifty‐six patients with small subpleural lung tumors (< 3.0 cm) entered the study and underwent CT‐guided MWA with (group I: 24 patients with 24 tumors) or without (group II: 32 patients with 34 tumors) the support of artificial pneumothorax. Follow‐up contrast‐enhanced CT scans were reviewed. Pain VAS (visual analog scale) scores at, during, and after ablation were compared between the two groups. Technical success, technique efficacy, local tumor control and complications were compared.ResultsCreation of the artificial pneumothorax was achieved for 24/24 (100%) in group I and no complication related to the procedure was observed. Technical success of MWA was achieved for all 58 tumors. Primary efficacy of MWA was achieved in 23 of 24 tumors (95.8%) treated in group I, and 32 of 34 tumors (94.1%) treated in group II (P = 0.771). The 12‐month local tumor control was achieved in 87.5% (21/24) in group I compared with 88.2% (30/34) in group II (P = 0.833). Pain VAS scores in group I were significantly decreased after the pneumothorax induction at, during, and after ablation compared with group II (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in MWA‐related complications (P > 0.05).ConclusionArtificial pneumothorax with position adjustment for CT‐guided MWA is effective and may be safely applied to small subpleural lung tumors. Artificial pneumothorax is a reliable therapy for pain relief.
Phenological growth stages of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) according to the extended BBCH scale
Authors: Adiga Jamboor D. , Muralidhara Bommanahalli M. , Preethi Palpandian , Savadi Siddanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe cashew is an important nut crop cultivated in the tropical regions. It is known for its economic and nutritional value. Phenology is the study of seasonal timing of recurring events in the annual growth cycle. A generic scale such as the Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale defines developmentally similar growth stages of different crops and within it, more specific scales for individual species can be developed. In the current study, detailed descriptions and codes are proposed for the growth stages of cashew using a modified three‐digit scale of BBCH. Seven principal growth stages viz. bud, leaf and shoot development, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturity were described. A total of thirty‐seven secondary growth stages were identified and described within the seven principal growth stages. Due to the importance of phenological growth stages in crop management and crop improvement, the proposed phenological scale is expected to facilitate better adoption of cultural practices, efficient germplasm characterisation and help in studying the impact of climate change on cashew production.
Reduction in Drinking was Associated With Improved Clinical Outcomes in Women With HIV Infection and Unhealthy Alcohol Use: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Naltrexone Versus Placebo
Authors: Cook Robert L. , Zhou Zhi , Miguez Maria Jose , Quiros Clery , Espinoza Luis , Lewis John E. , Brumback Babette , Bryant Kendall 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is associated with poor health outcomes in women living with HIV (WLWH), but whether medication can help to reduce drinking in non–treatment‐seeking women or whether reduction in drinking improves HIV outcomes is unclear. We conducted a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of daily oral naltrexone (50 mg) versus placebo in WLWH who met criteria for current unhealthy alcohol use.MethodsWLWH with current unhealthy alcohol use (>7 drinks/wk or >3 drinks/occasion) were randomly assigned to daily oral naltrexone 50 mg (n = 96) or placebo (n = 98) for 4 months. Drinking outcomes, including the proportion of women who reduced (<unhealthy use criteria) or quit drinking, were assessed at baseline, 2 months, 4 months (end of treatment), and 7 months. In a secondary analysis, HIV viral suppression and changes in CD4 counts were compared in women who did or did not reduce/quit drinking, regardless of intervention assignment.ResultsThe participants’ mean age was 48 years, 86% were African American, and 94% were receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy. Among all participants, 89% and 85% completed the 4‐month and 7‐month follow‐ups, respectively. Participants in both groups substantially reduced drinking over time. At 1 and 3 months, naltrexone was associated with a greater reduction in drinking (p < 0.05), but the proportion who reduced/quit drinking at 4 months (52% vs. 45%, p = 0.36) or 7 months (64% in both groups) was not different. HIV viral suppression at follow‐up was significantly better in participants who reduced/quit drinking versus those continuing unhealthy alcohol use at 4 months (72% vs. 53%, p = 0.02) and 7 months (74% vs. 54%, p = 0.02).ConclusionsParticipating in an RCT to reduce drinking was associated with significant drinking reduction regardless of medication assignment, suggesting that nonmedication aspects of research study participation (e.g., repeated assessments and support from research staff) could be important interventions to help reduce drinking outside of research studies. Drinking reduction was associated with improved HIV viral suppression, providing evidence to support recommendations to avoid unhealthy alcohol use among WLWH.
“Can't Wait to Blackout Tonight”: An Analysis of the Motives to Drink to Blackout Expressed on Twitter
Authors: Riordan Benjamin C. , Merrill Jennifer E. , Ward Rose Marie 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAlcohol‐related blackouts are associated with a range of negative consequences and are common among social drinkers. Discussing alcohol use on social networking platforms (e.g., Twitter) is common and related to higher alcohol consumption levels. Due to the widespread nature of alcohol‐related social networking posts and alcohol‐related blackouts, we examined the content of alcohol‐related blackouts posts/“Tweets” on Twitter, with a focus on intentions to blackout and specific motivations for blacking out.MethodsA set of Tweets containing “blackout,” “blackout,” “blacking out,” “blacked out,” or “blacks out” were collected from April 26, 2018, and April 29, 2018. Using NVivo software, we coded all preblackout Tweets (i.e., before the blackout experience) for intentions and motives to blackout.ResultsMost Tweets that we collected expressed an intention to blackout and these intentions ranged in strength (i.e., will blackout vs. might blackout). With respect to specific motives for blacking out, celebration motives were identified. For example, Tweets addressed blacking out to celebrate one's birthday, someone else's birthday, a school or work accomplishment, a sports win, during a vacation, or a holiday. Another endorsed motive for blacking out was loss or coping motives. For example, the Tweets commented on blacking out to deal with stress or a bad day.ConclusionOur findings suggest that Twitter users express intentions to blackout due to celebration or coping reasons. Given the consequences associated with blackout drinking, future research should consider the link between blackout intentions, blackout motives, and alcohol‐related harm.
The negative impacts of fire on the resurrection ecology of invertebrates from temporary wetlands in Cape Flats Sand Fynbos in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Blanckenberg Michelle , Mlambo Musa C. , Parker Denham , Reed Cecile 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFire is an important environmental disturbance in Mediterranean‐climate regions; however, its intensity and frequency are predicted to increase under climate change scenarios with unknown implications for ecosystems in these regions. Temporary wetlands, with their periodic wet and dry phases, are considered one of the most productive systems in the world and their invertebrate communities form a crucial diet component for higher trophic levels. The effect of fire on the hatching success of invertebrate propagules from temporary wetlands in the Cape Flats Sand Fynbos (Cape Town, South Africa) was investigated. Homogenised soil samples from these wetlands were either experimentally subjected to vegetation fires (treatment samples) or were left as is (control samples). The results revealed that fire had a significant negative impact on invertebrate hatching success, as revealed by analyses of the different diversity measures (e.g. taxon richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou's evenness) and community composition. Proper management of fire, especially in the Mediterranean‐climate regions, which replicates the natural fire intervals typical of the area (10–15 years) and avoids unregulated or accidental fires, is essential to ensuring future protection of these critical biodiversity hotspots created by the temporary wetlands.
Confirmation that variants in TTI2 are responsible for autosomal recessive intellectual disability
Authors: Ziegler Alban , Bader Patricia , McWalter Kirsty , Douglas Ganka , Houdayer Clara , Bris Céline , Rouleau Stephanie , Coutant Régis , Colin Estelle , Bonneau Dominique 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
TTI2 (MIM 614126) has been described as responsible for autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ID; MRT39, MIM:615541) in only two inbred families. Here, we give an account of two individuals from two unrelated outbred families harbouring compound heterozygous TTI2 pathogenic variants. Together with severe ID, progressive microcephaly, scoliosis and sleeping disorder are the most striking features in the two individuals concerned. TTI2, together with TTI1 and TELO2, encode proteins that constitute the triple T heterotrimeric complex. This TTT complex interacts with the HSP90 and R2TP to form a super‐complex that has a chaperone function stabilising and maturing a number of kinases, such as ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated and mechanistic target of rapamycin, which are key regulators of cell proliferation and genome maintenance. Pathogenic variants in TTI2 logically result in a phenotype close to that caused by TELO2 variants.
Interactive Visualization of Flood and Heavy Rain Simulations
Authors: Cornel D. , Buttinger‐Kreuzhuber A. , Konev A. , Horváth Z. , Wimmer M. , Heidrich R. , Waser J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a real‐time technique to visualize large‐scale adaptive height fields with C ‐continuous surface reconstruction. Grid‐based shallow water simulation is an indispensable tool for interactive flood management applications. Height fields defined on adaptive grids are often the only viable option to store and process the massive simulation data. Their visualization requires the reconstruction of a continuous surface from the spatially discrete simulation data. For regular grids, fast linear and cubic interpolation are commonly used for surface reconstruction. For adaptive grids, however, there exists no higher‐order interpolation technique fast enough for interactive applications.Our proposed technique bridges the gap between fast linear and expensive higher‐order interpolation for adaptive surface reconstruction. During reconstruction, no matter if regular or adaptive, discretization and interpolation artifacts can occur, which domain experts consider misleading and unaesthetic. We take into account boundary conditions to eliminate these artifacts, which include water climbing uphill, diving towards walls, and leaking through thin objects. We apply realistic water shading with visual cues for depth perception and add waves and foam synthesized from the simulation data to emphasize flow directions. The versatility and performance of our technique are demonstrated in various real‐world scenarios. A survey conducted with domain experts of different backgrounds and concerned citizens proves the usefulness and effectiveness of our technique.
CV3: Visual Exploration, Assessment, and Comparison of CVs
Authors: Filipov V. , Arleo A. , Federico P. , Miksch S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Curriculum Vitae (CV, also referred to as “résumé”) is an established representation of a person's academic and professional history. A typical CV is comprised of multiple sections associated with spatio‐temporal, nominal, hierarchical, and ordinal data. The main task of a recruiter is, given a job application with specific requirements, to compare and assess CVs in order to build a short list of promising candidates to interview. Commonly, this is done by viewing CVs in a side‐by‐side fashion. This becomes challenging when comparing more than two CVs, because the reader is required to switch attention between them. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that the CVs are structured similarly, thus making the overview cluttered and significantly slowing down the comparison process. In order to address these challenges, in this paper we propose “CV3”, an interactive exploration environment offering users a new way to explore, assess, and compare multiple CVs, to suggest suitable candidates for specific job requirements. We validate our system by means of domain expert feedback whose results highlight both the efficacy of our approach and its limitations. We learned that CV3 eases the overall burden of recruiters thereby assisting them in the selection process.