bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the efficiency of national innovation systems in developing countries
Authors: Choi Hyeri , Zo Hangjung 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Despite the growing importance of developing countries to the global economy and their increasing role in innovation, limited academic attention has been given to the national innovation systems (NIS) of these countries. Given that they commonly suffer a lack of resources, efficiency in the operation of innovation seems crucial. This study aims to assess the innovation efficiency of developing countries. Breaking down the NIS into two stages, knowledge production and application process, we additionally introduce the knowledge absorption perspective in the latter stage as the consideration for the context of developing countries. Based on the results of the efficiency assessment, clustering analysis is implemented to identify several typologies of the operation of NIS in developing countries and to provide implications for each case. This study will constitute a meaningful attempt to provide a general understanding of innovation status and operations in developing countries, thereby suggesting policy directions for several cases.
Addressing the evolving standardisation challenges of ‘smart systems’ innovation: Emerging roles for government?
Authors: Ho Jae-Yun , O’Sullivan Eoin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAt a time when standardisation is increasingly recognised as an important area of innovation policy, the emergence of cyber-physical ‘smart systems’ presents significant challenges. Such complex technological systems have unprecedented levels of complexity and interoperability requirements, and pervade many critical national infrastructures, so calling for active roles for government to support their effective standardisation. Existing literature, however, offer limited insights into where, why, and how policy intervention can address the evolving variety of innovation challenges associated with standardisation. This article, thus, proposes a novel innovation systems-based framework, for structured analyses of complex dynamics between standard-related innovation problems, relevant roles of government, and appropriate policy instruments. The historical case study of photovoltaic technology (from its early R&D to integration into Smart Grid) illustrates the framework, and provides practical implications for policymakers, suggesting evolving roles of government in the transition to cyber-physical smart systems in response to growing risks of systemic problems.
The different effects of basic research in enterprises on economic growth: Income-level quantile analysis
Authors: Jung Euy-Young , Liu Xielin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the open innovation era, enterprises should conduct more of their own basic research or not rely on contextual factors. We use quantile regression to determine that basic research in the business sector has different effects on economic performance by national income level using thirty-one Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries including China during 1996–2014. We find that basic research expenditure has a negative relationship with economic growth in low-income countries, whereas in high-income countries, the relationship is positive. Furthermore, the greater the national income, the higher the importance of basic research for economic growth. However, increased absorptive capacity mediates the positive relationship between basic research investment and economic growth in high-income countries, and, in low-income countries, it mediates the negative relationship between the two. In this study, we provide a more detailed understanding of the relationships between basic research investment in the business sector and economic growth.
Education-Based Status in Comparative Perspective: The Legitimization of Education as a Basis for Social Stratification
Authors: van Noord Jochem , Spruyt Bram , Kuppens Toon , Spears Russell 
Published: February 2019

AbstractClassical and recent accounts of education posit that education legitimately, and authoritatively, classifies individuals to positions of lower or higher status. However, despite these general theoretical claims, empirical evidence that provides an in-depth picture of the relationship between educational attainment and social status remains scarce. In this paper, based on a dataset of 31 countries (International Social Survey Programme), we investigate the extent to which education is related to subjective social status, the degree to which this is seen as legitimate, and how this relationship varies between countries. We contextualize this relationship with the influence of the centrality of education in countries (operationalized as the share of higher educated). Results showed that education is an important source of subjective social status for individuals across all countries, and is seen as relatively legitimate and uncontroversial among all educational groups. Moreover, among those who perceive education to be more important for status, subjective status differences between educational groups are larger. Additionally, in countries with larger shares of higher educated, educational differences in subjective social status correlate more strongly with whether or not people obtained a degree of higher (tertiary) education. Lastly, the relationship between education and subjective social status in these countries is more independent from other sources of status, such as income and gender. It therefore seems to be that as higher education becomes more central and widely shared in a society, rather than leveling social differences, ironically it also becomes more distinctive and diagnostic in distinguishing people along group lines.
Best Practice Tips for the Assessment of Learning of Undergraduate Nursing Students via Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Cox Catherine Wilson 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

AIM
This article explores the current literature regarding multiple-choice testing and presents best practice tips to incorporate when designing a multiple-choice test.

BACKGROUND
Multiple-choice testing is used extensively in undergraduate nursing programs as an evaluation tool, yet many nurse educators struggle with developing high quality multiple-choice tests. Flawed multiple-choice items disadvantage nursing students, conceivably resulting in failing tests they should have passed.

METHOD
This integrative review included articles published in English from 2008 to 2017; the electronic databases explored were CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC, and Education Source; and 17 search terms were applied. Twenty-eight articles were included in the final sample.

RESULTS
The integrative review of the literature revealed 29 valuable tips, via four categories, for developing and using multiple-choice tests.

CONCLUSION
New and seasoned educators will benefit from this refreshing update, armed with best practice tips to consider the next time a multiple-choice test is designed.
Simulation-Based Interprofessional Education in a Rural Setting: The Development and Evaluation of a “Remote-In” Telehealth Scenario
Authors: Scott Ann , Dawson Robin M. , Mitchell Sheryl , Catledge Courtney 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Simulation-based interprofessional education (IPE) is challenging to implement, especially on rural campuses. This article describes an innovative approach to IPE implementation using telehealth technology. Twenty-nine interdisciplinary students (nursing, pharmacy, and medical) participated in a simulation-based IPE scenario using a telehealth robot. Student experiences were evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. Surveys and video-recorded debriefing sessions revealed the majority of students felt the experience was superior to their previous IPE experiences, facilitated better understanding of disciplinary roles, and provided experience using telehealth tools. Programs considering this approach should have strong community partnerships, institutional support, and shared vision among key stakeholders.
New Clinical Nurse Faculty Orientation: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Ross Jennifer Gunberg , Silver Dunker Kimberly 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this literature review was to obtain relevant information and research findings about orientation for new clinical nurse faculty.

BACKGROUND
Hiring clinical experts as clinical faculty is common practice to address the nurse faculty shortage. As clinical experts do not possess the pedagogical expertise needed for effective teaching, they require specialized orientation when entering a faculty role. There is no consensus as to best practices for new clinical faculty orientation due to a dearth of research in this area.

METHOD
A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted to obtain relevant information and research findings about orientation for new clinical nursing faculty.

RESULTS
Current orientation strategies include face-to-face, hybrid, and mentoring components. The limited empirical research is mostly descriptive or pilot studies.

DISCUSSION
More research is needed on the effectiveness of various forms of orientation for new clinical faculty to support clinical faculty competence, patient safety, and evidence-based practices in this area.
Delays in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Defibrillation, and Epinephrine Administration All Decrease Survival in In-hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bircher Nicholas G. , Chan Paul S. , Xu Yan ,   for the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Because the extent to which delays in initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) versus the time from CPR to defibrillation or epinephrine treatment affects survival remains unknown, it was hypothesized that all three independently decrease survival in in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods
Witnessed, index cases of cardiac arrest from the Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation Database occurring between 2000 and 2008 in 538 hospitals were included in this analysis. Multivariable risk-adjusted logistic regression examined the association of time to initiation of CPR and time from CPR to either epinephrine treatment or defibrillation with survival to discharge.

Results
In the overall cohort of 57,312 patients, there were 9,802 survivors (17.1%). Times to initiation of CPR greater than 2 min were associated with a survival of 14.7% (91 of 618) as compared with 17.1% (9,711 of 56,694) if CPR was begun in 2 min or less (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 0.68 [0.54 to 0.87]; P < 0.002). Times from CPR to either defibrillation or epinephrine treatment of 2 min or less were associated with a survival of 18.0% (7,654 of 42,475), as compared with 15.0% (1,680 of 11,227) for 3 to 5 min (reference, 0 to 2 min; adjusted odds ratios [95% CI], 0.83 [0.78 to 0.88]; P < 0.001), 12.8% (382 of 2,983) for 6 to 8 min (0.67 [0.60 to 0.76], P < 0.001), and 13.7% (86 of 627) for 9 to 11 min (0.54 [0.42 to 0.69], P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Delays in the initiation of CPR and from CPR to defibrillation or epinephrine treatment were each associated with lower survival.
Feasibility and Safety of the Preemie Orthotic Device to Manage Deformational Plagiocephaly in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Knorr Aimee , Giambanco Deborah , Staude Mary V. , Germain Monique , Porter Courtney , Serino Emily , Gauvreau Kimberlee , DeGrazia Michele 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Premature infants are predisposed to developing deformational plagiocephaly. Deformational plagiocephaly may affect the infant's social well-being and neurobehavioral development.

Purpose:
This pilot study investigated the feasibility and safety of the preemie orthotic device (POD); a noncommercial, supportive orthotic device to manage deformational plagiocephaly.

Methods:
The setting for this prospective, descriptive, phase 1 clinical trial was 2 urban and 1 suburban neonatal intensive care units that provided care for critically ill premature and term infants. Participants included a convenience sample of 10 premature extremely low-birth-weight infants weighing less than 1 kg. All participants received the experimental treatment with the POD. Time spent on the device with and without the supportive foam insert, provider perception, adverse events, and head shape measurements were collected to assess feasibility and safety of the device.

Results:
Participants had a median gestational age of 25.4 weeks and median birth weight of 0.673 kg. The POD was used a median of 21.2 hours per day and the foam insert was used a median of 11.1 hours per day. At enrollment, 1 participant had a normal cranial index compared with 5 participants at study completion. All participants had normal cranial symmetry at study enrollment and completion. No device-related adverse events were reported.

Implication for Practice:
The POD was found to be feasible and safe. Staff had favorable responses to the device. Recommendations by nursing staff included enlarging the device to extend its use.

Implication for Research:
Further studies are warranted to assess the POD's effectiveness.
Relationship Between Proprioception and Pain and Disability in People With Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Lin Jianhua , Halaki Mark , Rajan Pavithra , Leaver Andrew 
Published: February 2019

Study Design.
Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective.
To examine the association between proprioception and pain and disability in people with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) and the impact of potential moderators on the strength of the association.

Summary of Background Data.
NSLBP is a common musculoskeletal disorder and a leading cause of disability. Proprioception deficit has been associated with low back pain and correlated with pain and disability; however, the correlation coefficients presented are conflicting.

Methods.
Systematic literature search was performed in eight databases and Google scholar. Two independent reviewers assessed the literature and extracted data. Data of interest included participant characteristics of NSLBP group, pain and disability, proprioception test protocol, and the correlation coefficient between proprioception and pain/disability. Meta-analysis of data from homogeneous studies was performed according to proprioception test methods. Subgroup of movement directions was analyzed. The methodological quality of studies was assessed.

Results.
The literature search identified 3067 records of which 14 studies were included for meta-analysis. Proprioception was measured by active joint repositioning sense (AJRS), passive joint repositioning sense (PJRS), and threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM). Meta-analysis revealed no significant correlation coefficient between any proprioception measures and pain or disability (P > 0.05). The subgroup analysis showed little correlation between absolute error (AE) of passive lumbar flexion and pain (r = 0.225, 95% CI 0.040–0.395), and between AE of passive lumbar extension and disability (r = 0.196, 95%CI 0.010–0.369).

Conclusion.
AJRS and TTDPM are not correlated with pain and disability in people with NSLBP. The AE of passive lumbar movement is correlated to a small degree with pain and disability. However, the degree of correlation is small and should be interpreted with caution. Therefore, the differences in proprioception observed between people with pain and people without pain seem to be independent of the symptoms.

Level of Evidence: 1
Triptolide Suppressed the Microglia Activation to Improve Spinal Cord Injury Through miR-96/IKKβ/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Huang Yang , Zhu Ning , Chen Tao , Chen Weijie , Kong Jinsong , Zheng Wenbiao , Ruan Jianwei 
Published: February 2019

Study Design.
The effect of triptolide on spinal cord injury (SCI) and inflammatory response was observed by establishing SCI rat model. And in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the underlying mechanism of triptolide-mediated in murine microglial cell line BV2.

Objective.
To determine the underlying mechanism of triptolide in suppressing the microglia activation to improve SCI.

Summary of Background Data.
Triptolide, as a major active ingredient of Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, can promote spinal cord repair through inhibiting microglia activation, but the underlying mechanism is not clear.

Methods.
Locomotion recovery was accessed by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score, the number of footfalls, stride length, and angle of rotation analysis. Expressions of microRNA 96 (miR-96), microglia activation marker Iba-1, and IκB kinase (IKKβ)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB-related proteins were detected by qRT-PCR or western blot. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin -1β were measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. The regulation of miR-96 on IKKβ was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay.

Results.
Triptolide promoted locomotion recovery of SCI rats, upregulated the expression of miR-96, decreased microglia activation marker Iba-1 and IKKβ/NF-κB-related proteins, and inhibited inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in spinal cord tissues and lipopolysaccharide -induced microglia. Triptolide suppressed the microglia activation and inflammatory cytokines secretion in BV2 cells through up-regulating miR-96. We confirmed the interaction between miR-96 and IKKβ, and IKKβ expression was negatively regulated by miR-96. Finally, we determined that triptolide suppressed the microglia activation and inflammatory cytokines secretion through miR-96/IKKβ pathway.

Conclusion.
Triptolide suppressed microglia activation after SCI through miR-96/IKKβ/NF-κB pathway.

Level of Evidence.
N/A
Pattern of Marginal Local Failure in a Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreas Cancer
Authors: Kharofa Jordan , Mierzwa Michelle , Olowokure Olugbenga , Sussman Jeffrey , Latif Tahir , Gupta Anumeha , Xie Changchun , Patel Sameer , Esslinger Hope , Mcgill Brian , Wolf Eric , Ahmad Syed A. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
The main objectives of this study were to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the neoadjuvant setting for resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen patients were enrolled from November 2014 to June 2017. Following 3 cycles of chemotherapy, SBRT was delivered to the tumor and abutting vessel and a 3 mm planning target volume (PTV) margin to 33 Gy (6.6 Gy×5) with an optional elective PTV to 25 Gy (5 Gy×5) customized to the nodal space and mesenteric vessels. The primary endpoint is ≥grade 3 acute and late gastrointestinal toxicity.

Results:
Fifteen patients had borderline resectable tumors due to arterial abutment (n=7) or superior mesenteric vein encasement (n=8); 3 patients had resectable tumors. There were no ≥grade 3 acute or late gastrointestinal events. Following SBRT, surgery was performed in 12 patients (67%) with 11 (92%) R0 resections. The median overall survival and progression-free survival was 21 months (95% CI: 18-29) and 11 months (95% CI: 8.4-16). Progression occurred in 83% (10/12) of resected patients (distant [n=4, 40%], local-only [n=4, 40%], and local and distant [n=2, 20%]). The cumulative incidence of local failure (LF) at 12 months from resection was 50% (95% CI: 20-80). All LF were outside to the PTV33.

Conclusions:
Neoadjuvant SBRT was well tolerated, however LFs were predominantly observed outside the PTV33 volume that would have been covered with conventional RT volumes. The durability of local control after SBRT in the neoadjuvant setting merits examination relative to chemoradiation before incorporation into routine practice.
Clinical Features of Pingueculitis Revealed by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Findings
Authors: Song Han , Rand Gabriel M. , Kwon Ji-Won 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To investigate clinical features and treatment outcomes of pingueculitis with morphological assessments using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, we examined 22 eyes of 22 patients with pingueculitis. All patients were treated with the same 2-week course of prednisolone acetate 1% drops four times per day. The clinical parameters evaluated were surface dimensions determined by slitlamp biomicroscopy, cross-sectional dimensions determined by AS-OCT, and symptom scores determined by patient surveys. Pretreatment and 1-month posttreatment values were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Patients were followed up to 1 year after treatment.

Results:
Twenty-two eyes from 22 patients (4 men and 18 women) with an average age of 37.7±8.8 (range, 27–57) years and an average duration of symptoms of 22 (range, 5–60) days were included. The average follow-up period was 14.7±0.8 (range, 12–22) months. Mean pretreatment horizontal length, vertical length, conjunctival thickness, and cross-sectional area were 2.4±0.69 mm, 2.0±0.6 mm, 1.82±0.60 μm, and 5.14±2.05 mm2, respectively. Mean posttreatment horizontal length, vertical length, conjunctival thickness, and area were 1.93±0.5 mm, 1.52±0.6 mm, 1.03±0.46 μm, and 2.33±0.83 mm2, respectively. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment dry eye symptom scores were 3.27±0.77 and 1.13±0.38, respectively. The median pretreatment and posttreatment changes were statistically significant by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for horizontal length (P<0.001), vertical length (P<0.001), conjunctival thickness (P=0.003), cross-sectional area (P=0.003), and dry eye symptom scores (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography allows the quantification of differences in the pingueculitis measurements before and after treatment. In this retrospective study, a short course of topical steroids effectively treated the inflammation in a sustained manner. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated significant reduction in the thickness and cross-sectional area of the pinguecula and a conversion back to a homogeneous conjunctival stroma.