bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaia and the Galactic Center Origin of Hypervelocity Stars
Authors: Brown Warren R. , Lattanzi Mario G. , Kenyon Scott J. , Geller Margaret J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We use new Gaia measurements to explore the origin of the highest velocity stars in the hypervelocity star (HVS) survey. The measurements reveal a clear pattern in B-type stars. Halo stars dominate the sample at speeds of ≃100 km s−1 below Galactic escape velocity. Disk runaway stars have speeds up to ≃100 km s−1 above Galactic escape velocity, but most disk runaways are bound. Stars with speeds ≳100 km s−1 above Galactic escape velocity originate from the Galactic center. Two bound stars may also originate from the Galactic center. Future Gaia measurements will enable a large, clean sample of Galactic center ejections for measuring the massive black hole ejection rate of HVSs, and for constraining the mass distribution of the Milky Way dark matter halo.
Polar Coronal Plumes as Tornado-like Jets
Authors: Tavabi E. , Koutchmy S. , Golub L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We examine the dynamical behavior of white-light polar-plume structures in the inner corona that are observed from the ground during total solar eclipses, based on their extreme ultraviolet (EUV) hot and cool emission line counterparts observed from space. EUV observations from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) of a sequence of rapidly varying coronal hole structures are analyzed. Evidence of events showing acceleration in the 1.25 Mk line of Fe xii at 193 Å is given. The structures along the plume show an outward velocity of about 140 km s−1 that can be interpreted as an upward propagating wave in the 304 Å and 171 Å lines; higher speeds are seen in 193 Å (up to 1000 km s−1). The ejection of the cold He ii plasma is delayed by about 4 minutes in the lowest layer and is delayed more than 12 minutes in the highest level compared to the hot 193 Å behavior. A study of the dynamics using time-slice diagrams reveals that a large amount of fast ejected material originates from below the plume, at the footpoints. The release of plasma material appears to come from a cylinder with quasi-parallel edge-enhanced walls. After the initial phase of a longitudinal acceleration, the speed substantially reduces, and the ejecta disperse into the environment. Finally, the detailed temporal and spatial relationships between the cool and hot components were studied with simultaneous multiwavelength observations, using more AIA data. The outward-propagating perturbation of the presumably magnetic walls of polar plumes supports the suggestion that Alfvén waves propagate outwardly along these radially extended walls.
Evidence for Ultra-diffuse Galaxy “Formation” through Galaxy Interactions
Authors: Bennet P. , Sand D. J. , Zaritsky D. , Crnojević D. , Spekkens K. , Karunakaran A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery of two ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) that show clear evidence of an association with tidal material and an interaction with a larger galaxy halo, found during a search of the Wide portion of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey. The two new UDGs, NGC 2708-Dw1 and NGC 5631-Dw1, are faint (M

g
= −13.7 and −11.8 mag), extended (r

h
= 2.60 and 2.15 kpc), and have low central surface brightness (μ(g, 0) = 24.9 and 27.3 mag arcsec−2), while the stellar stream associated with each has a surface brightness μ(g) ≳ 28.2 mag arcsec−2. These observations provide evidence that the origin of some UDGs may connect to galaxy interactions, either by transforming normal dwarf galaxies by expanding them, or because UDGs can collapse out of tidal material (i.e., they are tidal dwarf galaxies). Further work is needed to understand the fraction of the UDG population “formed” through galaxy interactions, and wide field searches for diffuse dwarf galaxies will provide further clues to the origin of these enigmatic stellar systems.
Évolution de la diversité consommée sur le marché de la musique enregistrée, 2007-2016
Authors: Donnat Olivier 
Published: October 2018

Comment les consommations culturelles évoluent-elles sous l’angle de la diversité à l’ère de l’abondance de l’offre ? Dans quelle mesure les données de marché confirment-elles les promesses qui ont accompagné l’essor des technologies numériques ? Valident-elles notamment l’hypothèse de la longue traîne formulée par Chris Anderson au début des années 2000 selon laquelle les marchés de niche sont appelés à se développer et à réduire le niveau global de concentration des ventes ? Ces questions, qui étaient au cœur des travaux publiés par le deps au tournant des années 2010 1 , demeurent plus que jamais d’actualité car les consommations en ligne de contenus dématérialisés mais aussi de biens physiques ont considérablement progressé au cours de la dernière décennie, et la proportion d’acheteurs en ligne dans la population française est passée de 33 % à 60 % entre 2007 et 2016 2 . Aussi a-t-il paru nécessaire de réexaminer la question de l’évolution de la diversité des consommations culturelles en ayant recours à la même source de données (le panel de la société GfK qui recense l’ensemble des achats des consommateurs à partir d’un échantillon représentatif des points de vente) et en mobilisant à nouveau l’approche tridimensionnelle de la diversité développée dans le modèle de Stirling 3 autour des notions de variété, d’équilibre et de disparité. Les principaux résultats du travail mené pour la période 2007-2016 sont réunis dans la présente publication pour le marché de la musique enregistrée, et dans un autre numéro de la collection « Culture études » 4 pour celui du livre.
High School Athletic Trainer Services for Knee Injuries
Authors: Grooms Dustin R. , Simon Janet E. , Dalton Sara L. , Dompier Thomas P. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: October 2018

ContextParticipation in high school athletics carries a substantial risk of musculoskeletal injury, particularly to the knee. However, limited information is available on the care being provided by athletic trainers (ATs) for athletes with these injuries.DesignDescriptive epidemiology study.SettingData on athletic training facility visits and AT services were collected from 147 high schools in 26 states.Patients or Other ParticipantsHigh school student-athletes who participated in 13 boys' sports and 14 girls' sports and sustained a diagnosed knee injury during the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years. The ATs documented 6797 knee injuries, with 4242 sustained in boys' sports and 2555 sustained in girls' sports.Main Outcome Measure(s)The number of athletic training facility visits and individual AT services as well as the average, median, and interquartile range of athletic training facility visits (per injury) and AT services (per injury) were calculated by sport and for time-loss (TL; participation restricted for ≥24 hours) and non–time-loss (NTL; participation restricted for &lt;24 hours) injuries.ResultsIn total, 28 788 athletic training facility visits were reported, with an overall average of 4 athletic training facility visits per knee injury over the 3-year period. Most athletic training facility visits (72.6%) were associated with NTL injuries, but the majority of AT services (68.6%) were associated with TL injuries. A total of 81 245 AT services were provided for all knee injuries. Therapeutic activities or exercise were the most common type of AT service (52.5%). Overall, an average of 12 AT services were reported per knee injury. Compared with NTL injuries, TL injuries had a larger average number of AT services per injury (34 versus 9; P &lt; .001).ConclusionsKnee injuries at the high school level are a considerable health care burden. This report demonstrates a high proportion of AT attention to the evaluation and treatment of these injuries. This study confirms the recommended management of knee injuries, with neuromuscular and therapeutic activities being the primary services after knee injury.
3T proton MR spectroscopy evaluation of spinal cord lesions
Authors: Sathyanathan Babu Peter , Raju Bharathi Priya , Natarajan Kailasanathan , Ranganathan Ravi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate intramedullary spinal cord lesions using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and correlate the results with histo-pathological examination (HPE). Materials and Methods: Approval for this study was obtained from our institute ethical committee. Overall, 50 patients were recruited (29 male and 21 female), with a maximum age of 53 years and minimum age of 7 years. The mean age group of the study was 33 years. Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spine was done on a Siemens Skyra 3Tesla MRI scanner. MR Spectroscopy (MRS) was performed for all patients with intramedullary spinal lesions after getting written consent. It was performed using single-voxel method. The change in the metabolite peak was observed in each case and the results were compared with HPE. These collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and percentage analysis were used for categorical variables; and for continuous variables, mean and standard deviation were analyzed. McNemar's test was used to find the significance between conventional MRI MRS. In the above statistical tool, the probability value 0.05 is considered as significant level. Results: From our study, we observed that by applying routine MRI sequences alone, we could only detect around 58% of the cases correctly. However, when MRS was done along with the conventional MR imaging, the number of cases detected significantly increased to 84%. By applying McNemar's test and comparing the conventional MRI and MRS with HPE, it was found that statistically significant difference exists with P value of 0.007. Conclusion: MRS of the spinal cord is a promising tool for research and diagnosis because it can provide additional information complementary to other non-invasive imaging methods. It is an emerging tool and adds new biomarker information for characterization of spinal cord tumors, to differentiate benign from malignant lesions and to prevent unnecessary biopsies and surgeries.
The Translatability of Hāfiẓian Love Ghazals
Authors: Hillmann Michael Craig 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Discussions of the translatability of Ḥāfiẓ’s ghazals and critiques of Hāfiz translations usually do not offer a definition of poetry as a starting point or focus on the skills of translators whose translations are being critiqued. “The Translatability of Ḥāfiẓian Love Ghazals” examines English translations by two poets expert in Persian poetry—can anyone but poets produce poems in translation?—within the contexts of an Anglo American definition of poetry and Iranian commentaries on Ḥāfiẓ’s poems. The article concludes with the unsurprising view that the poetry in Ḥāfiẓian love ghazals may not get lost in translations by poets expert in Persian, but that the English poetry in such translations may not communicate the multidimensionality and suggestiveness of the poetry in the Persian.
Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) nucleotide sequences of the horse and predicted CYP450s of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and other mammalian species
Authors: Leiberich Marion , Marais Hendrik Johannes , Naidoo Vinny 
Published: October 2018

Background
The plight of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the increasing need of treatment options for injured poaching victims led to the necessity to expand the knowledge on applicable drugs in this endangered species. With very little information available on drug pharmacokinetics in rhino, veterinarians have to rely on information generated from other species. The horse being a closely related species, has served as the model for dose extrapolations. However, from recent research on enrofloxacin and carprofen, the white rhino showed considerable differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs in comparison to the horse. While the reason for the differences is unknown, a likely cause may be a difference in present cytochrome P450 (CYP450), which may result in the rhino being genetically deficient in certain enzyme families.

Methods
For this paper we assess the degree of similarity of the CYP genome sequences across the different species, using BLAT (BLAST-like alignment tool) for the alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the equine CYP450 with potential homologous nucleotide sequences of the published database from white rhinos and other mammalian species (cow, pig, dog, sheep, elephant, mouse and human).

Results
The white rhino nucleotide sequences were 90.74% identical to the equine sequences. This was higher than the degree of similarity between any of the other evaluated species sequences. While no specific CYP family were found to be deficient in the published rhino genome, the horse genome contained additional genetic sequence for a larger number of iso-enzymes that were not present in the rhino.

Discussion
In pharmacokinetic study, it is well known that absence of a metabolic enzyme will result in constraints in drug metabolism and drug elimination. While this was our speculation, comparison to the horse and other mammalian species indicate that all the described CYP genes required for metabolism are present within the rhino genome. These results leave functional differences in enzyme activity and a lack of isoenzymes as the likely reason for the constraint in drug metabolism. Despite a more than 90% similarity of the equine and rhino gene sequences, seemingly small differences can have major effects on drug metabolism. Thus, in spite of the close anatomical relationship, the rhino should not simply be treated like a big horse.
Displacement and Stress Function-based Linear and Quadratic Triangular Elements for Saint-Venant Torsional Problems
Authors: Purnomo Joko , Tjong Wong Foek , W.C. Wijaya , J.S. Putra 
Published: October 2018

Torsional problems commonly arise in frame structural members subjected to unsym­metrical loading. Saint-Venant proposed a semi inverse method to develop the exact theory of torsional bars of general cross sections. However, the solution to the problem using an analytical method for a complicated cross section is cumbersome. This paper presents the adoption of the Saint-Venant theory to develop a simple finite element program based on the displacement and stress function approaches using the standard linear and quadratic triangular elements. The displacement based approach is capable of evaluating torsional rigidity and shear stress distribution of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous; isotropic, orthotropic, and anisotropic materials; in singly and multiply-connected sections. On the other hand, applications of the stress function approach are limited to the case of singly-connected isotropic sections only, due to the complexity on the boundary conditions. The results show that both approaches converge to exact solutions with high degree of accuracy.
Análise dos Pedidos de Patentes Recentes Envolvendo Chá Verde e Suas Propriedade
Authors: Barbosa Elvia Mirelly de Andrade Oliveira , Rodrigues Maria Jaqueline Almeida , Serafini Mairim Russo , Lobato Luciana Pereira 
Published: October 2018

O chá verde, proveniente da planta Camellia sinensis, é a segunda bebida não alcoólica mais consumida no mundo. Sua utilização está atrelada a melhorias na saúde cardio-metabólica, à redução da pressão arterial, à diminuição do Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) e ao aumento da termogênese e oxidação da gordura corporal. O presente estudo objetivou buscar pedidos de patentes referentes à utilização do chá verde. Tendo como palavra-chave “chá verde”, utilizaram-se os campos de pesquisa “título”, “resumo” e “classificação internacional de patentes” com o código A61P. Dentre os maiores depositantes no European Patent Office Worlwide (Espacenet) destacam-se a China e a República da Coréia. Na World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) – depósitos via PCT –, os países que apresentaram o maior número de patentes depositadas foia República da Coréia e a Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual, respectivamente. Quanto à aplicação, observou-se prevalência na utilização para fármacos no tratamento de problemas dermatológicos, na base de dados WIPO, e para fármacos no tratamento de distúrbios do trato alimentar, no Espacenet.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO SOBRE O DEPÓSITO DE PATENTES DE DRONES PARA CAPTAÇÃO E TRANSMISSÃO DE IMAGENS AÉREAS
Authors: Barreto Leandro De Oliveira , Menha Rafael Câmara 
Published: October 2018

<p>O uso de veículos aéreos não tripulados, ou drones, tem se tornado uma grande aposta de empresas de diversos setores. Tais tecnologias comportam um vasto uso como na indústria bélica, transporte de cargas, vigilância, mapeamento de terrenos, agricultura dentre diversas outras. Neste sentido o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa quantitativa de patentes relacionadas à utilização de drones com recurso de apoio tecnológico embarcado capaz de gerar e transmitir vídeos, em especial na indústria militar, de mapeamentos georreferenciados, televisiva e agrícola. Para realização do trabalho foi utilizado o sistema Questel-Orbit que abrange base de patentes de mais de 96 países. Os dados levantados foram submetidos à análise estáticas descritiva, os mesmos foram interpretados através da elaboração de tabelas levantadas do Questel-Orbit. Desta forma, após a análise das patentes encontradas, percebeu-se a relevância dos drones como uma tecnologia de ponta com aplicações e potencialidades em diversas áreas de atuação.</p>
A importância da garantia do bem-estar animal em emergências: um caminho para a consecução de direitos humanos no contexto de intervenções humanitárias
Authors: Ribeiro Brasil Deilton , Efigênia Mucelli Rezende Veloso Natielli 
Published: October 2018

<p>O presente trabalho pretende analisar a importância da garantia do bem-estar animal nos contextos de emergência e a essencialidade da sua observância na atuação humanitária, concluindo sobre a relevância dessa abordagem para a consecução de um desenvolvimento sustentável que propiciaria não um mero retorno ao status quo anterior à crise, mas um verdadeiro progresso das comunidades afetadas. Essas emergências atingem as camadas mais vulneráveis das populações colocando em perigo a vida e bem-estar dos animais que servem aos indivíduos como companhia, auxílio no trabalho ou meio de vida. As respostas humanitárias nesses contextos geralmente são centralizadas na preservação de vidas humanas, sem dar quase nenhuma atenção à questão do bem-estar animal. Assim, atividades como alimentação, resgate e construção de abrigos para animais são tradicionalmente relegadas a um segundo momento, numa visão antropocêntrica da ação humanitária. Para tanto, serão utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, com o procedimento metodológico dedutivo e análises interpretativa, comparativa e teórica.</p>
On the improvement of CBCT image quality for soft tissue‐based SRS localization
Authors: Mao Weihua , Gardner Stephen J. , Snyder Karen Chin , Wen Ning Winston , Zhong Hualiang , Li Haisen , Jackson Paul , Shah Mira , Chetty Indrin J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeWe explore the optimal cone‐beam CT (CBCT) acquisition parameters to improve CBCT image quality to enhance intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) localization and also assess the imaging dose levels associated with each imaging protocol.MethodsTwenty‐six CBCT acquisition protocols were generated on an Edge® linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with different x‐ray tube current and potential settings, gantry rotation trajectories, and gantry rotation speeds. To assess image quality, images of the Catphan 504 phantom were analyzed to evaluate the following image quality metrics: uniformity, HU constancy, spatial resolution, low contrast detection, noise level, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). To evaluate the imaging dose for each protocol, the cone‐beam dose index (CBDI) was measured. To validate the phantom results, further analysis was performed with an anthropomorphic head phantom as well as image data acquired for a clinical SRS patient.ResultsThe Catphan data indicates that adjusting acquisition parameters had direct effects on the image noise level, low contrast detection, and CNR, but had minimal effects on uniformity, HU constancy, and spatial resolution. The noise level was reduced from 34.5 ± 0.3 to 18.5 ± 0.2 HU with a four‐fold reduction in gantry speed, and to 18.7 ± 0.2 HU with a four‐fold increase in tube current. Overall, the noise level was found to be proportional to inverse square root of imaging dose, and imaging dose was proportional to the product of total tube current‐time product and the cube of the x‐ray potential. Analysis of the anthropomorphic head phantom data and clinical SRS imaging data also indicates that noise is reduced with imaging dose increase.ConclusionsOur results indicate that optimization of the imaging protocol, and thereby an increase in the imaging dose, is warranted for improved soft‐tissue visualization for intracranial SRS.
Mesopore‐Induced Aggregation of Cobalt Protoporphyrin for Photoacoustic Imaging and Antioxidant Protection of Stem Cells
Authors: Yao Minghua , Ma Ming , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Yuezhou , Wan Gang , Shen Jie , Chen Hangrong , Wu Rong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith the ever‐accelerating development of functional materials design and fabrication, various nanomaterial‐based molecular imaging platforms with improved detectability and functionality have been developed for next‐generation cell tracking technologies in the field of stem cell therapy. In this work, a “mesopore‐induced aggregation” strategy is developed to endow cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP), one of the important metalloporphyrins, with photoacoustic (PA) imaging capability by loading it into amine‐functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (aMSNs). Through intermolecular aggregation in mesopores, the light absorption of CoPP can be broaden into near‐infrared region, resulting in about 7.4‐fold enhancement of PA response at 680 nm compared to free CoPP. Moreover, the newly designed PA contrast agent is not only safe for stem cell tracking, but also exerts sustained CoPP release for a long‐term cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress. The translational potential of CoPP‐loaded MSNs as a theranostic agent is demonstrated via in vivo imaging of the labeled stem cell in nude mice based on subcutaneous‐ and myocardial‐injection approaches. This is the first demonstration of a multifunctional nanoplatform with both PA imaging‐guided cell delivery and antioxidant stress cell protection functions, which provides a robust theranostic approach for future stem cell therapy.