bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes associated with increased brain metastasis risk in non–small cell lung cancer: Comprehensive genomic profiling of 61 resected brain metastases versus primary non–small cell lung cancer (Guangdong Association Study of Thoracic Oncology 1036)
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Ou Qiuxiang , Li Delan , Qin Tao , Bao Hua , Hou Xue , Wang Kaicheng , Wang Fang , Deng Qianqian , Liang Jianzhong , Zheng Wei , Wu Xue , Wang Xiaonan , Shao Yang W. , Mou Yonggao , Chen Likun 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPatients with brain metastases (BMs) have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Lung cancer is the most common primary malignancy giving rise to BMs; thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind increased BM risk is essential for identifying therapeutic targets and developing effective interventions.MethodsSixty‐one patients who underwent surgical resection of primary non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and BMs were retrospectively studied. Comprehensive genomic profiling of primary NSCLC and matched BMs was performed with next‐generation sequencing targeting 416 cancer‐relevant genes.ResultsMutations of major drivers, including EGFR, KRAS, TP53, and ALK, were highly concordant between primary NSCLC and matched BMs (>80%), whereas discordance suggested the unique genomic evolution and oncogenic mechanisms of NSCLC BMs. BMs also demonstrated higher levels of copy number variations in comparison with primary NSCLC. Furthermore, the alterations of genes encoding CDK4/CCND1, CDKN2A/2B, and PI3K signaling pathways were enriched in BMs, and this suggested their correlation with increased metastatic risk. Indeed, patients with activated PI3K signaling in their primary NSCLC had significantly shorter BM‐free survival (hazard ratio, 8.49; P = .0005). In addition, mutated TP53 or an activated WNT pathway via CTNNB1, APC, and AXIN2 mutations trended toward shorter BM‐free intervals but not significantly so.ConclusionsThese findings yield detailed insights into the genomic complexity and heterogeneity of primary NSCLC and matched BMs. This study highlights the significant correlation of PI3K signaling with increased metastatic risk in patients with NSCLC and identifies genomic alterations enriched in NSCLC BMs that could serve as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for treating patients with NSCLC BMs.
Catalytic Surface Specificity of Ni(OH)2‐Decorated Pt Nanocubes for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in an Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Hong Youngmin , Choi Chang Hyuck , Choi Sang‐Il 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBecause the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolyzers is initiated by water dissociation, the hydrogen evolution kinetics are sluggish even on highly active Pt catalysts. Here, we have synthesized Ni(OH)2‐decorated Pt nanocubes as a bifunctional catalyst to enhance the HER kinetics in an alkaline medium. Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry and CO‐stripping measurements confirmed the selective deposition of Ni(OH)2 on the Pt(1 0 0) facets of nanocubes. Electrocatalytic HER activity of the Ni(OH)2‐decorated Pt nanocubes demonstrated that the bifunctional catalytic surface promotes the Volmer step kinetics and thus the Volmer/Tafel coupling dominant. As the result, catalytic surface specificity of Ni(OH)2‐decorated Pt nanocubes enhanced water dissociation, reduced contamination of OHad on Pt surface, and maintained long‐term HER performance in alkaline electrolytes.
Geographic variation in opsin expression does not align with opsin genotype in Lake Victoria cichlid populations
Authors: Wright Daniel Shane , Meijer Roy , van Eijk Roel , Vos Wicher , Seehausen Ole , Maan Martine E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSensory adaptation to the local environment can contribute to speciation. Aquatic environments are well suited for studying this process: The natural attenuation of light through water results in heterogeneous light environments, to which vision‐dependent species must adapt for communication and survival. Here, we study visual adaptation in sympatric Pundamilia cichlids from southeastern Lake Victoria. Species with blue or red male nuptial coloration co‐occur at many rocky islands but tend to be depth‐differentiated, entailing different visual habitats, more strongly at some islands than others. Divergent visual adaptation to these environments has been implicated as a major factor in the divergence of P. pundamilia and P. nyererei, as they show consistent differentiation in the long‐wavelength‐sensitive visual pigment gene sequence (LWS opsin). In addition to sequence variation, variation in the opsin gene expression levels may contribute to visual adaptation. We characterized opsin gene expression and LWS genotype across Pundamilia populations inhabiting turbid and clear waters, to examine how different mechanisms of visual tuning contribute to visual adaptation. As predicted, the short‐wavelength‐sensitive opsin (SWS2b) was expressed exclusively in a population from clear water. Contrary to prediction however, expression levels of the other opsins were species‐ and island‐dependent and did not align with species differences in LWS genotype. Specifically, in two locations with turbid water, the shallow‐water dwelling blue species expressed more LWS and less RH2A than the deeper‐dwelling red species, while the opposite pattern occurred in the two locations with clear water. Visual modeling suggests that the observed distribution of opsin expression profiles and LWS genotypes does not maximize visual performance, implying the involvement of additional visual tuning mechanisms and/or incomplete adaptation.OPEN RESEARCH BADGE
This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://hdl.handle.net/10411/I1IUUQ.
Omnivory does not preclude strong trophic cascades
Authors: Fahimipour Ashkaan K. , Levin David A. , Anderson Kurt E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOmnivory has been cited as an explanation for why trophic cascades are weak in many ecosystems, but empirical support for this prediction is equivocal. Compared to predators that feed only on herbivores, top omnivores—species that feed on both herbivores and primary producers—have been observed generating cascades ranging from strong to moderate, null, and negative. To gain intuition about the sensitivity of cascades to omnivory, we analyzed models describing systems with top omnivores that display either fixed or flexible diets, two foraging strategies that are supported by empirical observations. We identified regions of parameter space, wherein omnivores following a fixed foraging strategy, with herbivores and producers comprising a constant proportion of the diet, non‐intuitively generate stronger cascades than predators that are otherwise demographically identical: (1) high productivity relative to herbivore mortality and (2) small discrepancies in producer vs. herbivore reward create conditions in which cascades are stronger with moderate omnivory. In contrast, flexible omnivores that attempt to optimize per capita growth rates during search never induce cascades that are stronger than the case of predators. Although we focus on simple models, the consistency of these general patterns together with prior empirical evidence suggests that omnivores should not be uniformly ruled out as agents of strong trophic cascades.
Controversies in free tissue transfer for head and neck cancer: A review of the literature
Authors: Abouyared Marianne , Katz Andrew P. , Ein Liliana , Ketner Jill , Sargi Zoukaa , Nicolli Elizabeth , Leibowitz Jason M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular free tissue transfer provides superior functional outcomes when reconstructing head and neck cancer defects. Careful patient selection and surgical planning is necessary to ensure success, as many preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient and technical factors may affect outcome.AimsTo provide a concise, yet thorough, review of the current literature regarding free flap patient selection and management for the patient with head and neck.Materials and MethodsPubMed and Cochrane databases were queried for publications pertaining to free tissue transfer management and outcomes.ResultsMalnutrition and tobacco use are modifiable patient factors that negatively impact surgical outcomes. The use of postoperative antiplatelet medications and perioperative antibiotics for greater than 24 hours have not been shown to improve outcomes, although the use of clindamycin alone has been shown to have a higher risk of flap failure. Liberal blood transfusion should be avoided due to higher risk of wound infection and medical complications.DiscussionThere is a wide range of beliefs regarding proper management of patients undergoing free tissue transfer. While there is some data to support these practices, much of the data is conflicting and common practices are often continued out of habit or dogma.ConclusionFree flap reconstruction remains a highly successful surgery overall despite as many different approaches to patient care as there are free flap surgeons. Close patient monitoring remains a cornerstone of surgical success.
Metastatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma treated with everolimus in a patient receiving hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Takai Manabu , Kameyama Koji , Toyota Shohei , Kamei Shingo , Yokoi Shigeaki , Ishihara Satoshi , Deguchi Takashi 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionA patient undergoing hemodialysis and being treated with everolimus for metastatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma has never been described in the literature, to our knowledge.Case presentationA 53‐year‐old woman who had undergone trans‐arterial embolization for epithelioid angiomyolipoma was referred with a chief complaint about right knee pain. Hemodialysis had been started after the embolization. Needle biopsy specimens of tumors obtained from behind the right kidney and in the right femur were diagnosed as epithelioid angiomyolipoma metastases. The patient underwent treatment with everolimus and achieved a partial response after 6 months of treatment without serious adverse events.ConclusionEverolimus might be effective for patients with metastatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma who are undergoing hemodialysis.
High‐throughput COPAS assay for screening of developmental and reproductive toxicity of nanoparticles using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kim MinA , Jeong Jaeseong , Kim Heejin , Choi Jinhee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the rapid advancement and numerous applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in science and technology, their effects on animal health, environment and safety should be considered carefully. However, quick assessment of their effects on developmental and reproductive health and an understanding of how they cause such adverse toxic effects remain challenging, because of the fast‐growing number of ENMs and the limitations of the different toxicity assays currently in use as well as lack of suitable animal model systems. In this study, we performed a high‐throughput complex object parametric analyzer and sorter (COPAS) assay for assessing the developmental and reproductive toxicity of ENMs using Caenorhabditis elegans and provide descriptions of the data and their subsequent analysis. The results showed significant reproductive and developmental toxicity potential of different ENMs. We assessed the usefulness of this method in terms of error‐free data, user‐friendliness and results being consistent with those of visual, molecular and cellular studies. Moreover, the COPAS Biosort system could be used on a larger scale to screen thousands of chemicals, drugs, pharmaceuticals and ENMs. This study also indicates that the COPAS‐based high‐throughput screening system is highly reliable for the assessment of toxicity and health risks of NMs.
Nonviral Transfection With Brachyury Reprograms Human Intervertebral Disc Cells to a Pro‐Anabolic Anti‐Catabolic/Inflammatory Phenotype: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Tang Shirley , Richards Justin , Khan Safdar , Hoyland Judith , Gallego‐Perez Daniel , Higuita‐Castro Natalia , Walter Benjamin , Purmessur Devina 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributor to chronic low back pain and is characterized by decreases in cellularity and proteoglycan synthesis, upregulation of matrix degradation, and increases in pro‐inflammatory factors with neurovascular invasion. Current treatments fail to target the underlying pathology or promote tissue repair and approaches such as viral transfection raise safety concerns due to mutagenesis and unwarranted immune responses. To avoid such concerns, nonviral transfection is a viable method of gene delivery into the host cell while bypassing the caveats of viral delivery. Brachyury is expressed in the developing notochord and is associated with an immature healthy nucleus pulposus (NP). We hypothesize that Brachyury can reprogram degenerate NP cells to a healthy pro‐anabolic phenotype with increased proteoglycan content and decreased expression of catabolic, inflammatory, and neurovascular markers. NP cells obtained from human autopsy and surgical tissues were transfected with plasmids encoding for Brachyury or an empty vector control via bulk electroporation. Post transfection, cells were seeded in three‐dimensional agarose constructs cultured over 4 weeks and analyzed for viability, gene expression, and proteoglycan. Results demonstrated successful transfection of both autopsy and surgical NP cells. We observed long‐term Brachyury expression, significant increased expression of NP phenotypic markers FOXF1, KRT19, and chondrogenic marker SOX9 with decreases in inflammatory cytokines IL1‐β/IL6, NGF, and MMPs and significant increases in glycosaminoglycan accumulation. These results highlight nonviral transfection with developmental transcription factors, such as Brachyury, as a promising method to reprogram degenerate human disc cells toward a healthy NP phenotype. Clinical significance: This project proposes a novel translational approach for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration via direct reprogramming of diseased human patient‐derived IVD cells to a healthy phenotype. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2389–2400, 2019
Silicon mitigates boron deficiency and toxicity in cotton cultivated in nutrient solution
Authors: Pereira de Souza Junior Jonas , de Mello Prado Renato , Machado dos Santos Sarah Marcilene , Felisberto Guilherme 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSilicon (Si) application, both via foliar application and via roots, may be promising to improve plant growth under different biotic or abiotic stresses. In the present study, we investigated whether application of Si can also mitigate the harmful effects of boron (B)‐related nutritional disorders, such as B deficiency, when the application of B is inefficient or insufficient, and B toxicity, when the soil presents high levels of B. This may enable producers to apply Si preventively, if there is a low availability of B in the environment or if B deficiency is induced during the growth season due to a water deficit reducing the plant's B absorption. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of leaf and root Si application on alleviating the harmful effects of B deficiency and toxicity in cotton. Three experiments were carried out with cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Bayer FM910®), using a soilless system. In a first experiment, we determined that highest plant Si concentrations were obtained with application of stabilized sodium and potassium silicate at concentrations of 0.8 g L−1 (foliar) and 0.056 g L−1 (roots). Experiment 2 indicated that the B concentrations in the nutrient solution associated with moderate B deficiency, sufficiency and moderate toxicity were 33.7, 83.6, and 130.5 µM B L−1, respectively. In Experiment 3 we evaluated the effect of optimum Si applications on the physiology and dry weight production of cotton plants subjected to B deficiency, sufficiency, and toxicity. Silicon mitigated the harmful effects of both B deficiency and toxicity by increasing whole‐plant biomass production and levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, and reduced initial and maximum fluorescence, thereby improving the quantum efficiency of photosystem II. Collectively, these results indicate that the greatest benefit of Si in mitigating B deficiency occurred with foliar B application, while Si supplied via the nutrient solution was more effective against B toxicity.
Degradation of Polymer Films on Surfaces: A Model Study with Poly(sebacic anhydride)
Authors: Deng Zhuoling , Schweigerdt Alexander , Norow Alexander , Lienkamp Karen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is compelling evidence that the degradation kinetics of thin polymer films differ significantly from bulk materials, as interfacial effects become dominant. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate these kinetics separately. Qualitative analytics of thin film degradation exist, for example, by scanning electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy, but more quantitative studies are missing. In this work, the aliphatic poly(sebacic anhydride) (PSA) is used as a model system for a quantitative degradation study. The degradation of PSA films is monitored by ellipsometry, surface‐plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Two kinetic regimes are observed when plotting the relative layer thickness determined by ellipsometry and SPR against the degradation time, which corresponds to two different rates of erosion. The data obtained by FTIR show a single process corresponding to the rate of anhydride bond cleavage. Overall, the degradation rate constants of PSA determined by the different methods are consistent. They are constant for PSA films with up to 378 nm thickness. Several thicker free‐standing samples are studied gravimetrically and have a degradation rate constant that is one order of magnitude lower, thus confirming thickness‐dependent degradation rate constants for poly(sebacic anhydride).
Mapping the human brainstem: Brain nuclei and fiber tracts at 3 T and 7 T
Authors: Straub Sina , Knowles Benjamin R. , Flassbeck Sebastian , Steiger Ruth , Ladd Mark E. , Gizewski Elke R. 
Published: July 2019

Structural high‐resolution imaging of the brainstem can be of high importance in clinical practice. However, ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still restricted in use due to limited availability. Therefore, quantitative MRI techniques (quantitative susceptibility mapping [QSM], relaxation measurements [
, R1], diffusion tensor imaging [DTI]) and T2‐ and proton density (PD)‐weighted imaging in the human brainstem at 3 T and 7 T are compared.Five healthy volunteers (mean age: 21.5 ± 1.9 years) were measured at 3 T and 7 T using multi‐echo gradient echo sequences for susceptibility mapping and
relaxometry, magnetization‐prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo sequences for R1 relaxometry, turbo‐spin echo sequences for PD‐ and T2‐weighted imaging and readout‐segmented echo planar sequences for DTI. Susceptibility maps were computed using Laplacian‐based phase unwrapping, V‐SHARP for background field removal and the streaking artifact reduction for QSM algorithm for dipole inversion. Contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) were determined at 3 T and 7 T in ten volumes of interest (VOIs).Data acquired at 7 T showed higher CNR. However, in four VOIs, lower CNR was observed for
at 7 T. QSM was shown to be the contrast with which the highest number of structures could be identified. The depiction of very fine tracts such as the medial longitudinal fasciculus throughout the brainstem was only possible in susceptibility maps acquired at 7 T. DTI effectively showed the main tracts (crus cerebri, transverse pontine fibers, corticospinal tract, middle and superior cerebellar peduncle, pontocerebellar tract, and pyramid) at both field strengths.Assessing the brainstem with quantitative MRI methods such as QSM,
, as well as PD‐ and T2‐weighted imaging with great detail, is also possible at 3 T, especially when using susceptibility mapping calculated from a gradient echo sequence with a wide range of echo times from 10.5 to 52.5 ms. However, tracing smallest structures strongly benefits from imaging at ultra‐high field.
Metabolomics approach based on NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis to explore the interaction between the leafminer Tuta absoluta and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: de Falco Bruna , Manzo Daniele , Incerti Guido , Garonna Antonio Pietro , Ercolano Maria , Lanzotti Virginia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionTuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most devastating and harmful pests of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops causing up to 80–100% yield losses. A large arsenal of plant metabolites is induced by the leafminer feeding including defence compounds that could differ among varieties.ObjectiveTo compare the metabolomic changes of different genotypes of tomato (tolerant “T”, susceptible “S” and “F1” hybrid obtained between T and S) after exposition to T. absoluta.MethodologyNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis were performed to analyse the metabolic profiles of control and infested samples on three different tomato genotypes.ResultsSignals related to GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) were relatively much higher in all infested samples compared to the non‐infested plants used as control. Infested T genotype samples were the most abundant in organic acids, including fatty acids and acyl sugars, chlorogenic acid, neo‐chlorogenic acid and feruloyl quinic acid, indicating a clear link between the exposure to leafminer. Results also showed an increase of trigonelline in all tomato varieties after exposition to T. absoluta.ConclusionMetabolomics approach based on NMR spectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis allowed for a detailed metabolite profile of plant defences, providing fundamental information for breeding programmes in plant crops.
Correlates between Five‐Factor Model traits and the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines dimensions in an adolescent clinical sample
Authors: Koster Nagila , Hopwood Christopher J. , Goodman Marianne , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveExtensive evidence supports the association between Five‐Factor Model (FFM) traits involving high neuroticism, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness and borderline personality disorder (BPD) characteristics, particularly among adults in community samples. However, studies supporting this link in adolescent samples are relatively limited, and few studies have examined the links between FFM traits and specific dimensions of BPD, such as those distinguished by the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB‐R). In this study, we examined associations between FFM traits and BPD characteristics in a group of clinical and non‐clinical adolescents.MethodWe evaluated the correlations between the FFM personality traits, as measured by the NEO‐Five‐Factor Inventory and BPD characteristics as measured by the DIB‐R in a sample of adolescents (N = 162).ResultsConsistent with previous research, BPD dimensions were highly associated with high neuroticism, low conscientiousness, low agreeableness and to a somewhat lesser extent with low extraversion. Specificity of associations between FFM traits and DIB‐R section scores was limited, in part because of strong intercorrelations among DIB‐R scores.DiscussionThese results imply that evidence about trait–BPD associations in adult samples generalizes well to adolescents. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.