bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding multi‐pill ingestion of prescription opioids: Prevalence, characteristics, and motivation
Authors: Ellis Matthew S. , Cicero Theodore J. , Dart Richard C. , Green Jody L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeOral use is the primary route of administration among non‐medical prescription opioid users. While progression to non‐oral routes and shifts to stronger opioids have been previously studied as ways to cope with tolerance, the prevalence and patterns of those who cope by increasing the number of pills/tablets ingested at one time (ie, multi‐pill use) has not been assessed.MethodsA subset (N = 231) of treatment‐seeking opioid users from a national opioid surveillance system, participating in the Researchers and Participants Interacting Directly (RAPID) Program, completed an online survey centered on multi‐pill use.ResultsOver two‐thirds of non‐medical prescription opioid users had a history of multi‐pill use (67.7%), defined as ingesting four or more of the same pill, intact and at the same time. Among these (n = 154), the median maximum number of pills taken at one time was eight, with over 20% ingesting 11 or more pills in a single instance. Nearly half engaged in multi‐pill ingestion more than once a day in the past month (43.8%), with accessibility to lower dose pills being the primary motivator (85.4%). Hydrocodone immediate‐release (IR) compounds were by far the most frequently endorsed (90.3%), followed by oxycodone IR tablets with acetaminophen (76.0%) and oxycodone IR tablets containing no acetaminophen/ibuprofen (56.5%).ConclusionsThese results indicate that the ingestion of multiple opioid pills/tablets is extremely common among treatment‐seeking opioid users. This, and other forms of non‐medical oral use of prescription opioids, should be taken under consideration when developing prevention and intervention efforts targeting the opioid epidemic.
UFLC‐Derived CSF Extracellular Vesicle Origin and Proteome
Authors: Thompson Alexander G. , Gray Elizabeth , Mager Imre , Fischer Roman , Thézénas Marie‐Laëtitia , Charles Philip D , Talbot Kevin , El Andaloussi Samir , Kessler Benedikt M. , Wood Matthew , Turner Martin R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as a source of neurological disease biomarkers, although their precise origin is poorly understood. Current extraction techniques produce disappointing yield and purity. This study describes the application of ultrafiltration LC (UFLC) to CSF‐EVs, compared with ultracentrifugation (UC), and explores CSF‐EV origin. EVs are extracted from human CSF by UC and UFLC and characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. EV and CSF proteomes are analyzed by LC–MS/MS. UFLC‐isolated particles have size, morphology, and marker expression characteristic of EVs. UFLC provides greater EV yield (UFLC 7.90 × 108 ± SD 1.31 × 108 EVs mL–1 CSF, UC 1.06 × 108 ± 0.57 × 108 p < 0.001). UFLC enhances purity, proteomic depth (UFLC 622 ± 49, UC 298 ± 50, p = 0.001), and consistency of quantification (CV 17% vs 23%). EVs contain more intracellular proteins (Odds ratio [OR] 2.63 p < 0.001) and fewer plasma proteins than CSF (OR 0.60, p < 0.001). CSF and EV‐enriched proteomes show overrepresentation of brain‐specific proteins (EV OR 3.18, p < 0.001; CSF OR 3.37, p < 0.001). Overrepresentation of cerebral white matter (OR 1.99, p = 0.015) and choroid plexus proteins (OR 1.87, p<0.001) is observed in EVs. UFLC improves yield and purity of CSF‐EVs. The EV‐enriched proteome better reflects the intracellular and white matter proteome than whole CSF.
A conjugation polyimine vitrimer: Fabrication and performance
Authors: Zheng Hua , Liu Qi , Lei Xingfeng , Chen Yanhui , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough polyimine vitrimers are a promising and invaluable class of self‐healing materials owing to their great maneuverability and fast exchange of crosslinks without catalysts, it remains a challenge to improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the material by simply designing their internal structures. Herein, we report a conjugation polyimine vitrimer, which was prepared by polycondensation of terephthaldehyde, m‐xylylene diamine and tris (2‐aminoethyl) amine as crosslinker. The incorporation of m‐xylylene diamine endows the materials with an expanded conjugation structure, which greatly improves its mechanical properties and thermal stabilities. On the other hand, m‐xylylene diamine is less toxic and irritant than the linear aliphatic ones usually used, which makes the reactions more environment‐friendly. Results show that these materials have excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability, perform good flexibilities after immersed in water and show very short relaxation times at elevated temperatures. In addition, especially, they exhibit good self‐healing efficiency under the condition of heat, water and amine solvents without the need for any catalyst. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2531–2538
Feasibility Study for the MALDI‐MSI Analysis of Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies: Evaluating the Morphological and Proteomic Stability Over Time
Authors: Piga Isabella , Capitoli Giulia , Tettamanti Silvia , Denti Vanna , Smith Andrew , Chinello Clizia , Stella Martina , Leni Davide , Garancini Mattia , Galimberti Stefania , Magni Fulvio , Pagni Fabio 
Published: November 2018

PurposeMALDI–MS imaging (MALDI–MSI) is an emerging technology that enables the spatial distribution of biomolecules within tissue to be combined with the traditional morphological information familiar to clinicians. Thus, for diagnostic or prognostic purposes, along with predicting response to therapeutic treatment, it is important to properly collect and handle biological specimens in order to avoid degradation or the formation of artifacts in the morphological structure and proteomic profile.Experimental designIn this work, the morphological and proteomic stability of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies in PreservCyt (up to 14 days) and CytoLyt (up to 7 days) solutions at 4 °C has been verified, by MALDI–MSI analysis. Moreover, a new measure has been introduced in order to assess the similarity of the obtained MALDI–MSI spectra, by equally taking into account the number of signals (fit and retrofit), and their intensities (Spearman's correlation and spectra overlap).ResultsResults show no degradation of the cellular morphology and a good stability of the samples up to 14 days in PreservCyt solution.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMoreover, this protocol can be easily implemented in pathological units, allowing simple sample collection and shipment to be used not only for the proteomic MALDI–MSI analysis of thyroid FNABs but also for other biological liquid based specimens.
Identification of Proteomic Markers in Head and Neck Cancer Using MALDI–MS Imaging, LC–MS/MS, and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Hoffmann Franziska , Umbreit Claudia , Krüger Thomas , Pelzel Daniela , Ernst Günther , Kniemeyer Olaf , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Berndt Alexander , von Eggeling Ferdinand 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe heterogeneity of squamous cell carcinoma tissue greatly complicates diagnosis and individualized therapy. Therefore, characterizing the heterogeneity of tissue spatially and identifying appropriate biomarkers is crucial. MALDI–MS imaging (MSI) is capable of analyzing spatially resolved tissue biopsies on a molecular level.Experimental designMALDI–MSI is used on snap frozen and formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) to analyze m/z values localized in tumor and nontumor regions. Peptide identification is performed using LC–MS/MS and immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsIn both FFPE and frozen tissue specimens, eight characteristic masses of the tumor's epithelial region are found. Using LC–MS/MS, the peaks are identified as vimentin, keratin type II, nucleolin, heat shock protein 90, prelamin‐A/C, junction plakoglobin, and PGAM1. Lastly, vimentin, nucleolin, and PGAM1 are verified with IHC.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe combination of MALDI–MSI, LC‐MS/MS, and subsequent IHC furnishes a tool suitable for characterizing the molecular heterogeneity of tissue. It is also suited for use in identifying new representative biomarkers to enable a more individualized therapy.
Urotensin II receptor expression in prostate cancer patients: A new possible marker
Authors: Giulianelli Roberto , Nardoni Stefano , Falavolti Cristina , Mirabile Gabriella , Bellangino Mariangela , Tema Giorgia , Gentile Barbara Cristina , Albanesi Luca , Buscarini Maurizio , Tariciotti Paola , Lombardo Riccardo 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundUrotensin II receptor has been poorly studied in prostate cancer. To evaluate the expression of urotensin II receptor (UII‐R) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.MethodsOverall, we identified 140 patients treated with retropubic radical prostatectomy (RP) in one center. UII‐R was evaluated in prostate biopsies with immunohistochemical staining, resulting in a granular cytoplasmic positivity, through automated system using the kit Urotensin II Receptor Detection System provided by Pharmabullet srl. Immunostained slides were independently and blindly evaluated by ten uro‐pathologists. To evaluate UTII‐R expression three different parameters were considered: localization, granules dimensions and intensity of expression. A score from 0 to 3 was applied to each parameter to obtain a score from 0 to 9. Each parameter and the total score were evaluated as predictors of high grade disease on surgical pathology and of advanced stage disease. Accuracy of total score for the prediction of upgrading and upstaging was analyzed using receiver operator characteristics curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsOn radical prostatectomy 92/140 (66%) presented high grade disease on surgical pathology. Patients with high grade disease presented an apical distribution of the receptor, larger granules and a more intense expression when compared to patients with low grade disease. A well they presented a higher total score. Subscores and total scores were found to be predictors of upgrading and upstaging. On ROC analysis total score presented an AUC of 0.72 and 0.70, respectively, for the prediction of upgrading and upstaging. On DCA total score showed a clinical benefit in the prediction of adverse pathological outcomes.ConclusionUrotensin II receptor is a potential marker of adverse pathological outcomes. Further studies should confirm our data and evaluate its role as a prognostic marker.
An emerging novel virus: Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV)
Authors: Pan Shuonan , Mou Chunxiao , Chen Zhenhai 
Published: November 2018

SummaryEmerging porcine pestivirus diseases frequently challenge prevention and control strategies in the swine industry. Over the past decade, a few novel pestiviruses have been identified in pigs. This article focuses on the recently emerging atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) that potentially threatens global swine herd health security. The virus was first identified in 2016, in the United States and thereafter, accumulated evidence shows that it is currently distributed in three continents. The clinical presentation of APPV‐infected pigs is characterized by congenital tremor (CT) type A‐II in piglets, while adult pigs may become persistent carriers and shedders. Here, a literature review is conducted to summarize the published findings in the virus genomic biology, transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis, which would shed light on acceleration of development of anti‐APPV strategies.
Low‐Temperature and Large‐Scale Synthesis of Carbon Nanofiber Web via Electrospinning and Their Efficient Removal of Cr(VI) Ions
Authors: Pan Xinying , Nan Hui , Yang Pan , Yang Lijun , Wang Gang , Chen Huiyuan , Lin Hong , Zhao Xiaochong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe carbon nanofiber web (CNW) has been synthesized by electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) co‐polymer precursor solution and a following rather low‐temperature (450 oC) thermal treatment. The effect of PAN to PVP ratios on morphology and structure of nanofibers were investigated. Furthermore, the CNW with the fixed composition (PAN:PVP=5:5) were hydroxylated by NaOH solution (obtained CNW‐03‐OH). The CNW‐03‐OH were evaluated for their adsorption performance with Cr(VI) ions. Effects of the initial pH, contact time and temperature for Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated. Results show that the CNW‐03‐OH has an efficient adsorption capacity of 56.9 mg/g for Cr(VI) ions. Moreover, the adsorption capacity remained up to 55% after five cycles, indicating that the CNW‐03‐OH has a promising in practice for application in Cr(VI) ions adsorption.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reveal Age-Related Cellular Subpopulation Depletion and Impaired Regenerative Function
Authors: Khong Sacha M. L. , Lee Ming , Kosaric Nina , Khong Danika M. , Dong Yixiao , Hopfner Ursula , Aitzetmüller Matthias M. , Duscher Dominik , Schäfer Richard , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are widely recognized as promising therapeutic agents, the age-related impacts on cellular function remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we found that BM-MSCs from young donors healed wounds in a xenograft model faster compared with their aged counterparts (p &lt; .001). Given this significant healing advantage, we then used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to provide potential molecular insights into these observations. We found that the young cells contained a higher proportion of cells characterized by a higher expression of genes involved in tissue regeneration. In addition, we identified a unique, quiescent subpopulation that was exclusively present in young donor cells. Together, these findings may explain a novel mechanism for the enhanced healing capacity of young stem cells and may have implications for autologous cell therapy in the extremes of age. Stem Cells 2019;37:240–246
The O‐Directed Free Radical Hydrostannation of Propargyloxy Dialkyl Acetylenes with Ph3SnH/cat. Et3B. A Refutal of the Stannylvinyl Cation Mechanism
Authors: Hale Karl J. , Manaviazar Soraya , Watson Hamish A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this Personal Account, we will give an overview of the room temperature O‐directed free radical hydrostannation reaction of propargylically‐oxygenated dialkyl acetylenes with Ph3SnH and catalytic Et3B/O2in PhMe. We will show how this excellent reaction evolved, and how it has since been used to stereoselectively construct the complex trisubstituted olefin regions of three synthetically challenging natural product targets: (+)‐pumiliotoxin B, (−)‐(3R)‐inthomycin C, and (+)‐acutiphycin. Throughout this Account, we will pay special attention to highlighting important facets of the I−SnPh3exchange processes that have so far been used in the various different steric settings that we have addressed, and we will document the range of cross coupling protocols that have critically underpinned the first successful applications of this method in complex natural product total synthesis. Last, but not least, we will comment on various aspects of the O‐directed free radical hydrostannation mechanism that have been published by ourselves, and others, and we will discuss all of the factors that can contribute to the observed stereo‐and regio‐chemical outcomes. We will also challenge and refute the recent non‐directed stannylvinyl cation mechanism put forward by Organ, Oderinde and Froese for our reaction, and we will show how it cannot be operating in these exclusively free radical hydrostannations.
Declawing the dinosaurs in the science classroom: Reducing Christian teachers’ anxiety and increasing their efficacy for teaching evolution
Authors: Hawley Patricia H. , Sinatra Gale M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmerica's rank among the lowest of developed countries in evolution acceptance rates is due, at least in part, to religious and political opposition. The negative correlations among religiosity, political ideology, and evolution acceptance in the United States have been documented repeatedly, and comfort with evolution varies by region with reception being especially cool in the south and southwest. Teachers are on the frontlines of the tensions between science and faith and often avoid the topic even if such avoidance violates state laws. Even non‐creationist teachers in regions with creationist norms are pressured to conform to regional curricula preferences. The present study describes the outcomes of a professional development workshop that explicitly considerers motivational and identity features of largely conservative, religious science teachers residing in West Texas. Our goal was to reduce the perceived conflict between faith and science such that Christian teachers would feel less negative and more positive about the theory and teaching it, and thus more efficacious in the classroom such that they would be more willing to teach according to the standards. In a retrospective pretest‐posttest design, teachers reported reductions in misconceptions and negative emotions in response to the workshop, and gains in positive emotions and self‐efficacy. Change scores were particularly marked for female teachers. Moreover, the relationships between community support for teaching evolution and teacher emotions and self‐efficacy were reduced post‐workshop indicating that teachers became independent from the norms of their schools. Though not the first intervention to support teacher instruction of evolution, the present workshop is the first to our knowledge that seeks to integrate biological content, cognitive change, and motivational/identity models.
Internet of Things and data mining: From applications to techniques and systems
Authors: Gaber Mohamed Medhat , Aneiba Adel , Basurra Shadi , Batty Oliver , Elmisery Ahmed M. , Kovalchuk Yevgeniya , Rehman Muhammad Habib Ur 
Published: November 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the result of the convergence of sensing, computing, and networking technologies, allowing devices of varying sizes and computational capabilities (things) to intercommunicate. This communication can be achieved locally enabling what is known as edge and fog computing, or through the well‐established Internet infrastructure, exploiting the computational resources in the cloud. The IoT paradigm enables a new breed of applications in various areas including health care, energy management and smart cities. This paper starts off with reviewing these applications and their potential benefits. Challenges facing the realization of such applications are then discussed. The sheer amount of data stemmed from devices forming the IoT requires new data mining systems and techniques that are discussed and categorized later in this paper. Finally, the paper is concluded with future research directions.This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Application Areas > Health Care
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Physical, chemical, and synthetic virology: Reprogramming viruses as controllable nanodevices
Authors: Chen Maria Yanqing , Butler Susan S. , Chen Weitong , Suh Junghae 
Published: November 2018

The fields of physical, chemical, and synthetic virology work in partnership to reprogram viruses as controllable nanodevices. Physical virology provides the fundamental biophysical understanding of how virus capsids assemble, disassemble, display metastability, and assume various configurations. Chemical virology considers the virus capsid as a chemically addressable structure, providing chemical pathways to modify the capsid exterior, interior, and subunit interfaces. Synthetic virology takes an engineering approach, modifying the virus capsid through rational, combinatorial, and bioinformatics‐driven design strategies. Advances in these three subfields of virology aim to develop virus‐based materials and tools that can be applied to solve critical problems in biomedicine and biotechnology, including applications in gene therapy and drug delivery, diagnostics, and immunotherapy. Examples discussed include mammalian viruses, such as adeno‐associated virus (AAV), plant viruses, such as cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), and bacterial viruses, such as Qβ bacteriophage. Importantly, research efforts in physical, chemical, and synthetic virology have further unraveled the design principles foundational to the form and function of viruses.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Metric Transformations and the Filtered Monotonic Polynomial Item Response Model
Authors: Feuerstahler Leah M. 
Published: November 2018

The θ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\theta $$\end{document} metric in item response theory is often not the most useful metric for score reporting or interpretation. In this paper, I demonstrate that the filtered monotonic polynomial (FMP) item response model, a recently proposed nonparametric item response model (Liang & Browne in J Educ Behav Stat 40:5–34, 2015), can be used to specify item response models on metrics other than the θ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\theta $$\end{document} metric. Specifically, I demonstrate that any item response function (IRF) defined within the FMP framework can be re-expressed as another FMP IRF by taking monotonic transformations of the latent trait. I derive the item parameter transformations that correspond to both linear and nonlinear transformations of the latent trait metric. These item parameter transformations can be used to define an item response model based on any monotonic transformation of the θ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\theta $$\end{document} metric, so long as the metric transformation is approximated by a monotonic polynomial. I demonstrate this result by defining an item response model directly on the approximate true score metric and discuss the implications of metric transformations for applied testing situations.