bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Advanced Single-Stage Turbine Facility for Investigating Nonaxisymmetric Contoured Endwalls in the Presence of Purge Flow
Authors: Jones Robin R. , Pountney Oliver J. , Cleton Bjorn L. , Wood Liam E. , Deneys J. Schreiner B. , Carvalho Figueiredo A. J. , Scobie James A. , Cleaver David J. , Lock Gary D. , Sangan Carl M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn modern gas turbines, endwall contouring (EWC) is employed to modify the static pressure field downstream of the vanes and minimize the growth of secondary flow structures developed in the blade passage. Purge flow (or egress) from the upstream rim-seal interferes with the mainstream flow, adding to the loss generated in the rotor. Despite this, EWC is typically designed without consideration of mainstream–egress interactions. The performance gains offered by EWC can be reduced, or in the limit eliminated, when purge air is considered. In addition, EWC can result in a reduction in sealing effectiveness across the rim seal. Consequently, industry is pursuing a combined design approach that encompasses the rim-seal, seal-clearance profile, and EWC on the rotor endwall. This paper presents the design of and preliminary results from a new single-stage axial turbine facility developed to investigate the fundamental fluid dynamics of egress–mainstream flow interactions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the only test facility in the world capable of investigating the interaction effects between cavity flows, rim seals, and EWC. The design of optical measurement capabilities for future studies, employing volumetric velocimetry (VV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), is also presented. The fluid-dynamically scaled rig operates at benign pressures and temperatures suited to these techniques and is modular. The facility enables expedient interchange of EWC (integrated into the rotor bling), blade-fillet and rim-seal geometries. The measurements presented in this paper include: gas concentration effectiveness and swirl measurements on the stator wall and in the wheel-space core; pressure distributions around the nozzle guide vanes (NGV) at three different spanwise locations; pitchwise static pressure distributions downstream of the NGV at four axial locations on the stator platform.
Training Schedule and Sleep in Adolescent Swimmers
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Sigridur L. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Insufficient sleep duration may affect athletic performance and health. Inconsistent sleep pattern also has negative health effects, but studies on athletes’ intraindividual sleep variability are scarce. The aim of this research was to compare total sleep time (TST) and variability (TST-variability), wakening after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency, during nights preceding early morning practices with other nights, and to investigate sleep characteristics of nights following a day with early morning only, evening only, or both a morning and an evening session in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure 1 week of sleep in 108 swimmers (mean age 16.1 [2.6] y) in Iceland. Adjusted regression analyses and linear mixed models were used to explore associations of training schedules with TST, TST-variability, wakening after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. Results: Mean TST was 6:32 (h:min) (±39 min) and TST-variability was 63 minutes (±25 min). TST decreased and TST-variability increased with more early morning practices. TST preceding early training was 5:36 and 5:06 in <16- and ≥16-year-olds, respectively, shorter than on nights preceding later or no morning training (P < .001). Conclusion: Swimmers have extremely short TST preceding early morning sessions and increased TST-variability with more early morning sessions.
Subduction polarity of the Ailaoshan Ocean (eastern Paleotethys): Constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf-O isotopes for the Longtan Formation
Authors: Xia Xiao-Ping , Xu Jian , Huang Chao , Long Xiaoping , Zhou Meiling 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Paleotethys Ailaoshan Ocean separated the South China and Indochina blocks during the late Paleozoic. Uncertainty remains regarding subduction of this ocean—whether it was subducted eastward beneath the South China block or westward beneath the Indochina block. In this study, we present new detrital zircon U-Pb age, and Hf and O isotope data from the Longtan Formation, which was recognized to be deposited before the ocean closed. Our results show that the formation can be divided into three units: Unit 1 is distributed west of the suture and dominates the area; it contains major age peaks at 290–250 Ma and minor multiple old age peaks. Unit 2 consists of a minor distribution west of the suture, and it shows a dominant 250 Ma age peak; old zircons are very few or not present. Their Hf and O isotopic signatures are similar to those of unit 1. Unit 3 is distributed east of the suture and is characterized by a single distinct ca. 240 Ma age peak with almost no Precambrian zircons. We interpret that units 1 and 2 were likely deposited in a back-arc and forearc basin, respectively, and a volcanic arc developed on the eastern margin of the Indochina block, similar to the present-day northeastern Japan arc. Meanwhile, unit 3 was likely deposited in a forearc basin on the western margin of the South China block. Therefore, the Ailaoshan Ocean may undergone bipolar subduction both westward and eastward beneath the Indochina and South China blocks, respectively.
Study on flow field of gas–solid two-phase pulsed jet
Authors: Song Xinhua , Li Xiaojie , Wang Yang , Yan Honghao 
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) coupling method is established to simulate the starch granule injection by coupling CFD and DEM. Then a gas–solid two-phase pulsed jet system is designed to capture the flow field trajectory of particle injection (colored starch with a mean diameter of 10.67 [Formula: see text]m), and the image is processed by color moment and histogram. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and the following conclusions are drawn. The numerical simulation results show that with the increase of injection pressure, the injection height increases gradually. When the injection pressure reaches above 0.4 MPa, the increase of injection height decreases. The experimental images show that the larger the pressure (i.e., the greater the initial velocity), the faster the velocity of particle distribution in the space, and the injection heights with the injection pressures of 0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa are close, which is consistent with the result from the FLUENT numerical simulation based on CFD–DEM.
Effect of strain on the structural and electronic properties of graphene-like GaN: A DFT study
Authors: Behera Harihar , Mukhopadhyay Gautam 
Published: October 2019

We present ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the effect of in-plane equi-biaxial strain on the structural and electronic properties of graphene-like GaN monolayer (ML-GaN). For compressive strain in excess of 7.2%, ML-GaN gets buckled; buckling parameter increases quadratically with compressive strain. The 2D bulk modulus of ML-GaN was found to be smaller than that of graphene and graphene-like ML-BN, which reflects weaker bond in ML-GaN. More importantly, the bandgap and effective masses of charge carriers in ML-GaN were found to be tunable by application of in-plane equi-biaxial strain. In particular, when compressive biaxial strain of about 3% was reached, a transition from indirect to direct bandgap-phase occurred with change in the value and nature of effective masses of charge carriers; buckling and tensile strain reduced the bandgap — the bandgap reduced to 50% of its unstrained value at 6.36% tensile strain and to 0 eV at an extrapolated tensile strain of 12.72%, which is well within its predicted ultimate tensile strain limit of 16%. These predictions of strain-engineered electronic properties of highly strain sensitive ML-GaN may be exploited in future for potential applications in strain sensors and other nanodevices such as the nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS).
Soliton interactions of a variable-coefficient three-component AB system for the geophysical flows
Authors: Feng Yu-Jie , Gao Yi-Tian , Jia Ting-Ting , Li Liu-Qing 
Published: October 2019

Geophysical flows consist of the large-scale motions of the ocean and/or atmosphere. Researches on the geophysical flows reveal the mechanisms for the transport and redistribution of energy and matter. Investigated in this paper is a variable-coefficient three-component AB system for the baroclinic instability processes in geophysical flows. With respect to the three wave packets as well as the correction to the mean flow, bilinear forms are obtained, and one-, two- and [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions are derived under some coefficient constraints via the Hirota method. Soliton interaction is graphically investigated: (1) Velocities of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] components and amplitude of the [Formula: see text] component are proportional to the parameter measuring the state of the basic flow, where [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]th wave packet with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is related to the mean flow; Amplitudes of the [Formula: see text] components decrease with the group velocity increasing; Parabolic-type solitons, sine-type solitons and quasi-periodic-type two solitons are obtained; For the [Formula: see text] component, solitons with the varying amplitudes and dromion-like two solitons are shown; (2) Three types of the breathers with different interaction periods and numbers of the wave branches in a wave packet are analyzed; (3) Bound states are depicted; (4) Compression of the soliton is presented; (5) Interactions between/among the solitons and breathers are also illustrated.
Boundary dynamics for bireversible and for contracting automaton groups
Authors: D’Angeli Daniele , Godin Thibault , Klimann Ines , Picantin Matthieu , Rodaro Emanuele 
Published: October 2019

We study the dynamics of the action of an automaton group on the set of infinite words, and more precisely the discontinuous points of the map which associates to a point its set of stabilizers — the singular points. We show that, for any Mealy automaton, the set of singular points has measure zero. Then we focus our attention on several classes of automata. We characterize those contracting automata generating groups without singular points, and apply this characterization to the Basilica group. We prove that potential examples of reversible automata generating infinite groups without singular points are necessarily bireversible. We also provide some conditions for such examples to exist. Finally, we study some dynamical properties of the Schreier graphs in the boundary.
Flow Diverters for Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Gory Benjamin , Berge Jerome , Bonafé Alain , Pierot Laurent , Spelle Laurent , Piotin Michel , Biondi Alessandra , Cognard Christophe , Mounayer Charbel , Sourour Nader , Barbier Charlotte , Desal Hubert , Herbreteau Denis , Chabert Emmanuel , Brunel Hervé , Ricolfi Frédéric , Anxionnat René , Decullier Evelyne , Huot Laure , Turjman Francis ,   DIVERSION Investigators, Barreau Xavier , Menegon Patrice , Marnat Gaultier , Costalat Vincent , Gascou Gregory , Dargazanli Cyril , Soize Sébastien , Metaxas Georges , Moret Jacques , Ikka Léon , Caroff Jildaz , Rouchaud Aymeric , Mihaela Christian , Benachour Nidal , Blanc Raphaël , Redjem Hocine , Pomero Elisa , Januel Anne Christine , Darcout Julien , Guenego Adrien , Tall Philippe , Bonneville Fabrice , Saleme Suzana , Clarençon Frédéric , Bourcier Romain , Narata Ana Paula , Bibi Richard , Bracard Serge , Derelle Anne-Laure , Tonnelet Romain , Liao Liang , Kulcsar Zsolt , Taschner Christian 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Flow diverters are used for endovascular therapy of intracranial aneurysms. We did a nationwide prospective study to investigate the safety and effectiveness of flow diversion at 12 months.

Methods—
DIVERSION was a national prospective cohort study including all flow diverters placement between October 2012 and February 2014 in France. The primary end point was the event-free survival rate at 12 months, defined as the occurrence of morbidity (intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, noncerebral hemorrhage, or neurological deficit due to mass effect), retreatment, or death within 12 months post-treatment. A quality control was carried out on 100% of the collected data and of at least 10% of the included patients in each center, chosen at random. All reported serious events were adjudicated by an independent Data Safety and Monitoring Board. Satisfactory occlusion was defined as 3 or 4 on Kamran scale by an independent imaging core laboratory at 12 months.

Results—

We enrolled 398 patients harboring 477 intracranial aneurysms. At least 1 morbidity-mortality event was noted in 95 of 408 interventions representing an event-free survival rate of 75.7% (95% CI, 71.1–79.7). The rate of permanent-related serious events and mortality was 5.9% and 1.2% at 12 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that high baseline blood pressure (hazard ratio, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.35–4.79;
P
=0.039), diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.60–8.6;
P
=0.0022), and larger aneurysms (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04–1.11;
P
<0.0001) were associated with the occurrence of a neurological deficit. The satisfactory occlusion rate at 12 months was 79.9%, and the absence of high baseline blood pressure (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12–3.71;
P
=0.0193) and postprocedural satisfactory occlusion (odds ratio, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.49–5.09;
P
=0.0012) were associated with a 12-month satisfactory occlusion.

Conclusions—
A satisfactory occlusion was achieved in almost 80% of cases after flow diverter treatment with a permanent-related serious event and mortality rates of 5.9% and 1.2% at 12 months, respectively.
Vepoloxamer Enhances Fibrinolysis of tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) on Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Chunyang , Huang Rui , Li Chao , Lu Mei , Emanuele Martin , Zhang Zheng Gang , Chopp Michael , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke with tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) is hampered by its narrow therapeutic window and potential hemorrhagic complication. Vepoloxamer is a nonionic surfactant that exerts potent hemorheologic and antithrombotic properties in various thrombotic diseases. The current study investigated the effect of vepoloxamer on tPA treatment in a rat model of embolic stroke.

Methods—
Male Wistar rats subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with the combination of vepoloxamer and tPA, vepoloxamer alone, tPA alone, or saline initiated 4 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Results—
Monotherapy with tPA did not reduce infarct volume, and adversely potentiated microvascular thrombosis and vascular leakage compared with the saline treatment. Vepoloxamer monotherapy reduced infarct volume by 25% and improved brain perfusion. However, the combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA significantly reduced infarct volume by 32% and improved neurological function, without increasing the incidence of gross hemorrhage. Compared with vepoloxamer alone, the combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA robustly reduced secondary thrombosis and tPA-augmented microvascular leakage and further improved brain perfusion, which was associated with substantial reductions of serum active PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) level and tPA-upregulated PAI-1 in the ischemic brain. Mechanistically, exosomes derived from platelets of ischemic rats treated with tPA-augmented cerebral endothelial barrier permeability and elevated protein levels of PAI-1 and TF (tissue factor) in the endothelial cells, whereas exosomes derived from platelets of rats subjected to the combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA diminished endothelial permeability augmented by tPA and fibrin and reduced PAI-1 and TF levels in the endothelial cells.

Conclusions—
The combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA exerts potent thrombolytic effects in rats subjected to acute ischemic stroke. Vepoloxamer reduces tPA-aggravated prothrombotic effect of platelet-derived exosomes on cerebral endothelial cells, which may contribute to the therapeutic effect of the combination treatment.
Prehospital Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate for Ultra-Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bath Philip M. , Woodhouse Lisa J. , Krishnan Kailash , Appleton Jason P. , Anderson Craig S. , Berge Eivind , Cala Lesley , Dixon Mark , England Timothy J. , Godolphin Peter J. , Hepburn Trish , Mair Grant , Montgomery Alan A. , Phillips Stephen J. , Potter John , Price Chris I. , Randall Marc , Robinson Thompson G. , Roffe Christine , Rothwell Peter M. , Sandset Else C. , Sanossian Nerses , Saver Jeffrey L. , Siriwardena A. Niroshan , Venables Graham , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Sprigg Nikola ,   on behalf of the RIGHT-2 Investigators
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Pilot trials suggest that glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin) may improve outcome when administered early after stroke onset.

Methods—
We undertook a multicentre, paramedic-delivered, ambulance-based, prospective randomized, sham-controlled, blinded-end point trial in adults with presumed stroke within 4 hours of ictus. Participants received transdermal GTN (5 mg) or a sham dressing (1:1) in the ambulance and then daily for three days in hospital. The primary outcome was the 7-level modified Rankin Scale at 90 days assessed by central telephone treatment-blinded follow-up. This prespecified subgroup analysis focuses on participants with an intracerebral hemorrhage as their index event. Analyses are intention-to-treat.

Results—
Of 1149 participants with presumed stroke, 145 (13%; GTN, 74; sham, 71) had an intracerebral hemorrhage: time from onset to randomization median, 74 minutes (interquartile range, 45–110). By admission to hospital, blood pressure tended to be lower with GTN as compared with sham: mean, 4.4/3.5 mm Hg. The modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days was nonsignificantly higher in the GTN group: adjusted common odds ratio for poor outcome, 1.87 (95% CI, 0.98–3.57). A prespecified global analysis of 5 clinical outcomes (dependency, disability, cognition, quality of life, and mood) was worse with GTN; Mann-Whitney difference, 0.18 (95% CI, 0.01–0.35; Wei-Lachin test). GTN was associated with larger hematoma and growth, and more mass effect and midline shift on neuroimaging, and altered use of hospital resources. Death in hospital but not at day 90 was increased with GTN. There were no significant between-group differences in serious adverse events.

Conclusions—
Prehospital treatment with GTN worsened outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Since these results could relate to the play of chance, confounding, or a true effect of GTN, further randomized evidence on the use of vasodilators in ultra-acute intracerebral hemorrhage is needed.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN26986053.
Baroclinic Instability with a Simple Model for Vertical Mixing
Authors: Crowe Matthew N. , Taylor John R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere, we examine baroclinic instability in the presence of vertical mixing in an idealized setting. Specifically, we use a simple model for vertical mixing of momentum and buoyancy and expand the buoyancy and vorticity in a series for small Rossby numbers. A flow in subinertial mixed layer (SML) balance (see the study by Young in 1994) exhibits a normal mode linear instability, which is studied here using linear stability analysis and numerical simulations. The most unstable modes grow by converting potential energy associated with the basic state into kinetic energy of the growing perturbations. However, unlike the inviscid Eady problem, the dominant energy balance is between the buoyancy flux and the energy dissipated by vertical mixing. Vertical mixing reduces the growth rate and changes the orientation of the most unstable modes with respect to the front. By comparing with numerical simulations, we find that the predicted scale of the most unstable mode matches the simulations for small Rossby numbers while the growth rate and orientation agree for a broader range of parameters. A stability analysis of a basic state in SML balance using the inviscid QG equations shows that the angle of the unstable modes is controlled by the orientation of the SML flow, while stratification associated with an advection/diffusion balance controls the size of growing perturbations for small Ekman numbers and/or large Rossby numbers. These results imply that baroclinic instability can be inhibited by small-scale turbulence when the Ekman number is sufficiently large and might explain the lack of submesoscale eddies in observations and numerical models of the ocean surface mixed layer during summer.
Survival Analysis of Revision Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Failed ACI
Authors: Ogura Takahiro , Bryant Tim , Merkely Gergo , Mosier Brian A. , Minas Tom 
Published: October 2019

Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) provides a successful outcome for treating articular cartilage lesions. However, there have been very few reports on the clinical outcomes of revision ACI for failed ACI. Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients who underwent revision ACI of the knee for failure of an initial ACI and to determine the factors affecting the survival rate. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A review of a prospectively collected data set was performed from patients who underwent revision ACI of the knee for failure of an initial ACI between 1995 and 2014 by a single surgeon. The authors evaluated 53 patients (53 knees; mean age, 38 years) over a mean 11.2-year follow-up (range, 2-20). A total of 62 cartilage lesions were treated for failed graft lesions after an initial ACI, and 31 new cartilage lesions were treated at revision ACI, as there was progression of disease. Overall, 93 cartilage lesions (mean, 1.8 lesions per knee) with a total surface area of 7.4 cm2 (range, 2.5-18 cm2) per knee were treated at revision ACI. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method, with ACI graft failure or conversion to a prosthetic arthroplasty as the endpoint. The modified Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, visual analog scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Patients also self-reported knee function and satisfaction. Standard radiographs were evaluated with Kellgren-Lawrence grades. Results: Survival rates were 71% and 53% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Survival subanalysis revealed a trend that patients without previous cartilage repair procedures before an initial ACI had better survival rates than those with such procedures (81% vs 62% at 5 years, 64% vs 42% at 10 years, P = .0958). Patients with retained grafts showed significant improvement in pain and function, with a high level of satisfaction. At a mean 5.1 years postoperatively, 18 of 27 successful knees were radiographically assessed with no significant osteoarthritis progression. Outcomes for 26 patients were considered failures (mean, 4.9 years postoperatively), in which 15 patients had prosthetic arthroplasty (mean, 4.6 years) and the other 11 patients had revision cartilage repair (mean, 5.4 years) and thus could maintain their native knees. Conclusion: Results of revision ACI for patients who failed ACI showed acceptable clinical outcomes. Revision ACI may be an option for young patients after failed initial ACI, particularly patients without previous cartilage repair procedures and those who desire to maintain their native knees.