bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Discovery of Novel 1,3,5-Triazines as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor against Diabetes
Authors: Wang Yu , Tang Xialian , Yi Lianghong 
Published: February 2019

This study aims at synthesizing novel di-morpholine 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antidiabetic agent via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The molecules were developed via sequential nucleophilic reaction to afford target derivatives 5(a–f) and subsequently tested for inhibitory potency against DPP iso-enzymes, such as DPP-4, DPP-8, and DPP-9. The in vitro inhibition assay suggested that these derivatives prominently and selectively inhibit DPP-4 over ­DPP-8 and DPP-9. These molecules also showed no presence of cardiotoxicity, as confirmed by no activity against human Ether-à-go-go related gene channel. The study disclosed compound 5c as the most potent inhibitor of DPP-4 with IC<sub>50</sub> of 1.10 nmol/L as compared to the standard. Compound 5c was further evaluated for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and antidiabetic activity in ICR mice and Wistar rats, respectively. In OGTT, compound 5c showed dose-dependent ­improvement of glucose tolerance with a maximum at 30 mg/kg. It also showed reduction in area under the curve from 0 to 120 min, similar to alogliptin (standard). In Wistar rats, compound 5c causes reduction in the blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL level as compared to the diabetic control group, whereas the level of high-density lipoprotein was found to be increased. Compound 5c causes improvement in antioxidant defense mechanism, as confirmed via improving superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reducing the malondialdehyde level as compared to normal control group rats.
Live Births after in vitro Fertilization with Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Borderline Ovarian Tumors: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Li Song , Lin Haiyan , Xie Yanqiu , Jiao Xuedan , Qiu Qi , Zhang Qingxue 
Published: February 2019

This is a case series reporting live births following in vitro fertilization (IVF) after fertility-sparing surgery in patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). Seventeen patients, in whom fertility-sparing surgery for BOTs followed by IVF was performed from July 1, 2011 to September 30, 2017, in our IVF center, were included. Here we retrospectively present their BOT characteristics and clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction technology (ART) and then discuss the literature on management of patients with BOTs after fertility-sparing surgery. The study sample of 17 patients started IVF-assisted reproduction within a median of 24 months after fertility-sparing surgery. Eight patients achieved live births after IVF followed by fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer, and one is currently pregnant after the second IVF treatment. Four of these 17 women experienced 6 recurrences of BOTs after IVF and delivery in a median of 29 months of follow-up. The literature reports a pooled estimate of 63.5% for pregnancy and 21.7% for recurrence of BOTs in patients with the same condition. Pregnancy outcomes of IVF in these women are usually better than those of generally infertile women. Moreover, our review of the literature suggests that ART has no negative impact on the prognosis of BOTs.
Eplerenone Ameliorates Cell Pyroptosis in Contralateral Kidneys of Rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: Ma Xuelian , Chang Yi , Xiong Yunzhao , Wang Zheng , Wang Xiangting , Xu Qingyou 
Published: February 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The progression of chronic renal failure in patients with unilateral renal injury is associated with loss of function in the contralateral kidney, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The activation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the kidney contributes to renal cell damage, leading to apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death induced by caspase-1, which is usually activated by nod-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inﬂammasomes. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of eplerenone (EPL) on cell pyroptosis in the contralateral kidneys of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, UUO group (10 days of left ureter ligation), and UUO treated with EPL (UUO + EPL) group. The contralateral kidneys of all rats were collected for studies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We observed evidently increased number of pyroptosis cells in the contralateral kidneys of UUO rats compared to those from Sham rats. The expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β, serum and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase-1, and nuclear factor kappa B were also upregulated in the contralateral kidneys of UUO rats compared to Sham kidneys, and these effects were reduced by MR blocker EPL. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our data suggest that the activation of MR is involved in NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway-induced cell pyroptosis in the contralateral kidney of UUO model.
Potential Reemergence of Seasonal Soil Moisture Anomalies in North America
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Newman Matthew , Wang Yan , Livneh Ben 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoil moisture anomalies within the root zone (roughly, soil depths down to ~0.4 m) typically persist only a few months. Consequently, land surface–related climate predictability research has often focused on subseasonal to seasonal time scales. However, in this study of multidecadal in situ datasets and land data assimilation products, we find that root zone soil moisture anomalies can recur several or more seasons after they were initiated, indicating potential interannual predictability. Lead–lag correlations show that this recurrence often happens during one fixed season and also seems related to the greater memory of soil moisture anomalies within the layer beneath the root zone, with memory on the order of several months to over a year. That is, in some seasons, notably spring and summer when the vertical soil water potential gradient reverses sign throughout much of North America, deeper soil moisture anomalies appear to return to the surface, thereby restoring an earlier root zone anomaly that had decayed. We call this process “reemergence,” in analogy with a similar seasonally varying process (with different underlying physics) providing winter-to-winter memory to the extratropical ocean surface layer. Pronounced spatial and seasonal dependence of soil moisture reemergence is found that is frequently, but not always, robust across datasets. Also, some of its aspects appear sensitive to spatial and temporal sampling, especially within the shorter available in situ datasets, and to precipitation variability. Like its namesake, soil moisture reemergence may enhance interannual-to-decadal variability, notably of droughts. Its detailed physics and role within the climate system, however, remain to be understood.
The Epidemiology of Injuries in Middle School Football, 2015-2017: The Advancing Healthcare Initiatives for Underserved Students Project
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Cortes Nelson , Ambegaonkar Jatin P. , Caswell Amanda M. , Prebble Matt , Romm Kaitlin , Caswell Shane V. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Although data exist on injuries in youth football leagues, there are limited recent data on injury incidence in middle school football. Updated injury incidence estimates can help drive the development of injury prevention strategies. Purpose: Describe the epidemiology of injuries in middle school football during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data originated from 9 public middle schools in Virginia during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Certified athletic trainers collected injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data from school-sanctioned games and practices in boys’, football. Injury counts and rates per 1000 AEs were calculated. Injury rate ratios with 95% CIs compared rates between games and practices. Results: Overall, 664 middle school boys’, football injuries were reported, leading to an overall injury rate of 20.54 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 18.98-22.11). The time loss injury rate (inclusive of injuries with participation restriction time ≥24 hours) was 9.28 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 8.23-10.33). The injury rate was higher in competition than practice (36.19 vs 17.97 per 1000 AEs; injury rate ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.69-2.40). Most injuries were to the head/face (competition, 20.6%; practice, 15.8%) and hand/wrist (competition, 18.8%; practice, 16.4%) and were diagnosed as contusions (competition, 30.9%; practice, 25.9%) and sprains (competition, 19.4%; practice, 12.6%). Competitions also had a large proportion of concussions (10.3%). Overall, 80.0% and 66.9% of injuries were due to contact in competition and practice, respectively; of these contact-related injuries, 62.1% and 41.6% were specifically player contact. Conclusion: Injury distributions parallel those found in previous research from middle school and other sport settings. Injury rates in middle school football were higher than those reported in previous findings in high school and college. However, caution must be taken when interpreting findings in relation to other surveillance systems with varying methodologies. Still, the findings highlight the need for injury prevention strategies within middle school football, particularly as related to contact-related mechanisms.
Evaluation of an In-Ear Sensor for Quantifying Head Impacts in Youth Soccer
Authors: Sandmo Stian Bahr , McIntosh Andrew S. , Andersen Thor Einar , Koerte Inga Katharina , Bahr Roald 
Published: February 2019

Background: Wearable sensor systems have the potential to quantify head kinematic responses of head impacts in soccer. However, on-field use of sensors (eg, accelerometers) remains challenging, owing to poor coupling to the head and difficulties discriminating low-severity direct head impacts from inertial loading of the head from human movements, such as jumping and landing. Purpose: To test the validity of an in-ear sensor for quantifying head impacts in youth soccer. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: First, the sensor was mounted to a Hybrid III headform and impacted with a linear impactor or a soccer ball. Peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), and peak rotational velocity (PRV) were obtained from both systems; random and systematic errors were calculated with Hybrid III as reference. Then, 6 youth soccer players wore sensors and performed a structured training protocol, including heading and nonheading exercises; they also completed 2 regular soccer sessions. For each accelerative event recorded, PLA, PRA, and PRV outputs were compared with video recordings. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the sensor’s discriminatory capacity in both on-field settings, establishing cutoff values for predicting outcomes. Results: For the laboratory tests, the random error was 11% for PLA, 20% for PRA, and 5% for PRV; the systematic error was 11%, 19%, and 5%, respectively. For the structured training protocol, heading events resulted in higher absolute values (PLA = 15.6 g± 11.8 g) than nonheading events (PLA = 4.6 g± 1.2 g); the area under the curve was 0.98 for PLA. In regular training sessions, the area under the curve was >0.99 for PLA. A 9 g cutoff value yielded a positive predictive value of 100% in the structured training protocol versus 65% in the regular soccer sessions. Conclusion: The in-ear sensor displayed considerable random error and substantially overestimated head impact exposure. Despite the sensor’s excellent on-field accuracy for discriminating headings from other accelerative events in youth soccer, absolute values must be interpreted with caution, and there is a need for secondary means of verification (eg, video analysis) in real-life settings. Clinical Relevance: Wearable sensor systems can potentially provide valuable insights into head impact exposures in contact sports, but their limitations require careful consideration.
Common feline problem behaviours: Unacceptable indoor elimination
Authors: Heath Sarah 
Published: February 2019

Practical relevance: One of the reasons why cats enjoy such a high level of popularity as domestic pets is the fact that they are clean. When there is a breakdown in this fastidious behaviour and elimination occurs outside of the litter box or tray, the strain on the cat–owner bond and on human relationships within the household can be considerable. Evidence base: Indoor elimination behaviour is one of the most common reasons for cat owners to seek professional advice and there is a wide range of articles, book chapters and research papers that reference it. In many cases the topic of urination and defecation in unacceptable indoor locations is considered in combination with the deposition of urine or faeces as a marker, but this review focuses purely on problematic elimination. An accompanying article in this special issue discusses urine spraying. Clinical challenges: Indoor elimination problems necessitate a clinical approach combining knowledge from the fields of physical and emotional health and an understanding of normal feline behaviour. They also require comprehensive history-taking skills as well as effective communication skills and a degree of empathy for owners who are often finding their pet’s behaviour very distressing. Global importance: Early diagnosis of physical health disorders that are associated with indoor elimination is extremely important in terms of safeguarding feline welfare. As we become more aware of the interplay between physical and emotional health, the significance of identifying suboptimal social and physical environments in terms of optimising the welfare of domestic cats is also being recognised. The potential for indoor elimination problems to cause considerable human distress highlights the importance of the concepts of One Health and One Welfare.
Top cited articles on ameloblastoma: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Gondivkar Shailesh M , Sarode Sachin C , Gadbail Amol R , Gondivkar Rima S , Sarode Gargi S , Choudhary Nilookumari , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review and evaluate the characteristics of 100 most cited articles on ameloblastoma (AB). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive list of citation classics in AB was generated by searching the Scopus database without year or language restrictions. The top 100 articles were retrieved after reading abstracts or full texts. The following study variables were evaluated: number of citations, citation density, journal name, impact factor, category and quartile of journals, publication year, authors with their affiliations, and article type. Results: The citation number ranged from 76 to 367, with a mean of 122.78 citations per article. The one hundred top cited articles were distributed in 41 journals with Cancer having the highest number of articles ( n = 16). There was a dominance of authors form United States (42 articles). The articles were published from 1955 to 2014, and eight authors published more than three papers. There were 57 research articles and 43 review articles. Conclusions: This first citation analysis provide a detailed list of the most influential articles on AB to help recognize the quality of the works, discoveries, and the trends steering the study of AB.
Impact of pre-enrolment medication use on clinical outcomes in SUMMIT
Authors: Vestbo Jørgen , Dransfield Mark , Anderson Julie A. , Brook Robert D. , Calverley Peter M.A. , Celli Bartolome R. , Cowans Nicholas J. , Crim Courtney , Martinez Fernando , Newby David E. , Yates Julie , Lange Peter 
Published: February 2019

The impact of prior treatment on results of clinical trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been debated. We used data from the Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity in COPD Trial to examine the impact of prior treatment on the effects of randomised study drugs on mortality and exacerbations.We used data on 16 417 patients with moderate COPD and heightened cardiovascular risk and information on prior medications to examine the effects of fluticasone furoate (FF), vilanterol (VI) and combined FF/VI compared to placebo on moderate and severe exacerbation as well as mortality. The study was event-driven with a median study exposure of 1.8 years. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numberNCT01313676.There were no consistent associations between treatment prior to study entry and the effects of FF, VI or FF/VI on exacerbations during the study. However, patients taking inhaled corticosteroids and one or more bronchodilators prior to study entry seemed to have a better effect of active treatments than of placebo on mortality (hazard ratio for FF/VI 0.65, 95% CI 0.48–0.89). Survival in those randomised to placebo was independent of treatment prior to study enrolment.Prior treatment appears to affect treatment effects on mortality but not exacerbations in a randomised controlled trial of patients with COPD and heightened cardiovascular risk.
Siegfried Kracauer and Ernst Jünger
Authors: Schroeder Tyler 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article examines how the activity of writing mediates among the private, the public, and the transcendent in the work of Siegfried Kracauer and Ernst Jünger. For each, the task of modern criticism requires personal, embodied, and agonistic participation in a prototypical technological milieu. The article compares Kracauer’s position to Jünger’s on the prospect of an impersonal, transcendent “Beyond,” examines how each thinker diagnoses the deficiencies of the historical present, and shows how Jünger and Kracauer make allied use of modernist writing as a practice for deeply embedding the self in an ambivalent historical context in which coherent subjectivity is impossible.
A review of additive manufacturing in conservative dentistry and endodontics part 1: basic principles
Authors: Srinivas Peddi Shanmukh , Ashwini TS , Paras MG 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: The field of science and research is dynamic and the scientific discipline of restorative dentistry and endodontics is no exception. The practice of dentistry and the technology involved has evolved tremendously from the traditional to the contemporary. As a result of continual developments in technology, newer cutting edge methods in production and treatment have evolved. This paper explores the scope of additive manufacturing technology in restorative dentistry and endodontics, progress achieved in this field, practicality hurdles, and a promising future that this technology might provide if harnessed to its full potential. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper gives an update on current concepts of additive manufacturing being employed in the field of restorative dentistry and endodontics for clinical practice, academic progress and translational research.
Taurodontism part 1: history, aetiology and molecular signalling, epidemiology and classification
Authors: Hasan Muhammad 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Taurodontism is a developmental morphological anomaly that affects the internal anatomy of the multi-rooted teeth; hence, it is difficult to distinguish from a normal tooth structure based only on external appearance. In this defect, the teeth have elongated and cylindrical pulp cavities, a deep furcation and short roots. This article aims to address an important problem related to the cause of taurodontism. Although it is a well-held belief that taurodontism is caused by delayed or failed invagination of Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS), the molecular mechanism that signals this delay or failure had not been well understood until recently. This article discusses the history, aetiology, prevalence and classification of this morphological disorder, whereas part 2 of this 2-part series will discuss the biomechanics of taurodontic teeth, differential diagnosis and congenital disorders that mimic taurodontism, relevant syndromes, clinical implications and management.CPD/Clinical Relevance: In order to treat cases presenting taurodontism, it is essential to understand this anomaly along with its history, aetiology and associated epidemiology. This will provide clinicians with a deeper understanding when they encounter a relatively unnoticeable anomaly.
Regionalización de ecuaciones para el cálculo de curvas de intensidad, duración y frecuencia mediante mapas de isolíneas en el departamento de Boyacá
Authors: Muñoz Barragán Jorge Enrique , Zamudio Huertas Eduardo 
Published: February 2019

Contexto: Para el diseño de la mayoría de obras civiles resulta necesario contemplar el factor hidrológico dentro de los estudios o diseños correspondientes al proyecto. En el caso de Colombia, se cuenta con una amplia red hidrometeorológica, administrada por distintas entidades que brindan una completa cobertura del país para el registro y cuantificación de los fenómenos hidrológicos. No obstante, la información correspondiente no se encuentra procesada, como en el caso particular de las curvas de Intensidad, Duración y Frecuencia (IDF) y por esto cuando no se dispone de dichas curvas IDF, se recurre a métodos alternativos poco precisos para su estimación, o sencillamente se utiliza una ecuación aplicable a otras regiones cercanas, por lo cual se desarrollan cálculos poco acertados, dadas las diferencias meteorológicas entre regiones.
Método: Con el fin de dar una solución favorable al problema planteado, se desarrolla la investigación expuesta en este artículo, desarrollando un modelo práctico y preciso que permita definir la ecuación que relacione las variables IDF para cualquier punto dado dentro del área de estudio. Esta investigación considera el departamento de Boyacá, aprovechando sus cualidades geográficas y meteorológicas, que lo hacen la zona más adecuada para adelantar el estudio. No obstante, lo desarrollado en esta publicación es aplicable y puede repetirse para las demás regiones del país, como se espera, mediante otros proyectos.
Resultados: El método de las isolíneas fue el modelo aplicado para la regionalización de las curvas IDF del departamento de Boyacá, gracias a la bondad de los resultados presentados en su aplicación y a la facilidad en su uso final. Se encuentra que existe una relación entre los parámetros que describen una ecuación IDF y su ubicación geoespacial, por lo cual posible regionalizar curvas IDF mediante el uso de mapas de isolíneas cuyo desarrollo se presenta en este artículo. Mediante prueba de validación cruzada se encontró que el error, entre un valor real convencionalmente calculado, y un valor extraído de los mapas de regionalización, se encuentra alrededor del 10%.
Conclusiones: Se demostró la efectiva aplicabilidad del método de isolíneas, en la regionalización de curvas IDF, con un alto nivel de certeza. Con los resultados se garantiza la posibilidad de determinar las constantes que describen la ecuación de las relaciones IDF, para cualquier punto del territorio del departamento de Boyacá. Este método, además de garantizar una buena confiabilidad, se distingue por ser bastante sencillo en su aplicación de manera independiente a variables diferentes a la ubicación geoespacial del punto de análisis.