bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensionally Designed Carbon–Silicon Hybrids for Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Xinghao , Kong Debin , Li Xianglong , Zhi Linjie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSilicon, as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIB), is intensively researched. Although various efforts is devoted to addressing major issues of silicon anodes, the intrinsic low conductivity and tremendous volume change still hinder its further real practical applications. Constructing carbon–silicon hybrid materials is regarded as the powerful strategy to improve the electrochemical lithium storage performance of silicon, in which the component dimensional variations and the dimensional hybridization way play critical roles in improving lithium storage performances. Carbon–silicon hybrids are classified herein, based on dimensional variations of silicon and carbon, and the latest representative progresses on carbon–silicon hybrids following such classifications are elaborated, with emphasis on the involved dimensional design formulas, the resultant synergistic effects, and the potential in performance enhancement. To conclude, the future directions and prospects in the field are discussed, providing insight into the rational design and scalable construction of advanced carbon–silicon hybrids and electrode systems for practical LIB.
2D Tellurium Based High‐Performance All‐Optical Nonlinear Photonic Devices
Authors: Wu Leiming , Huang Weichun , Wang Yunzheng , Zhao Jinlai , Ma Dingtao , Xiang Yuanjiang , Li Jianqing , Ponraj Joice Sophia , Dhanabalan Sathish Chander , Zhang Han 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTellurium (Te), as one of the rarest stable solid elements far more common in the universe than on earth, is a p‐type semiconductor with excellent optical properties. Herein, a novel two‐dimensional (2D) Te nanosheets (Ns)‐based air‐stable nonlinear photonic devices: all‐optical switcher and photonic diode, owing to its strong light–matter interaction in the visible‐to‐infrared band are reported. The findings validate that the proposed photonic diode can be utilized for the function of nonreciprocal light propagation in optical telecommunications or integrated photonics. Moreover, 2D Te‐based light‐modulate‐light system is successfully designed to realize “ON” and “OFF” modes for all‐optical switching operation. This work highlights a good promise of 2D Te in the field of nonlinear photonics, leading to an important step toward 2D Te‐based advanced photonics devices. The versatile solution process allows a universal access of 2D Te as a new 2D material in a wider range of photonics device applications such as, detector, modulator, switcher, etc.
Electrically Responsive Materials and Devices Directly Driven by the High Voltage of Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Nie Jinhui , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSmart materials with electrically responsive characteristics and devices relying on different electrostatic effects can be directly driven by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The open circuit voltage from a TENG can easily reach thousands of volts with a separation distance of a few millimeters and this high output voltage can be used to effectively drive or control some devices with high internal resistance. This kind of combination is the most straightforward way for achieving a self‐powered smart system. Hence, a detailed survey of electrically responsive materials and devices that can be successfully combined with TENG is summarized, including dielectric elastomers, piezoelectric materials, ferroelectric materials, electrostatic manipulators, electrostatic air cleaners, and field emission and mass spectrometers. Moreover, key factors in determining suitable materials or devices to work with TENG are clarified and an in‐depth discussion of the current challenges related to these combined systems is provided. With the cost‐effectiveness and simple manufacturing process, these TENG‐based composite systems have great application prospects in the field of smart mechanics, human–machine interaction systems, intelligent storage systems, self‐powered microfluidic chips, portable mass spectrometers, and so on.
Subwavelength Artificial Structures: Opening a New Era for Engineering Optics
Authors: Luo Xiangang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the past centuries, the scale of engineering optics has evolved toward two opposite directions: one is represented by giant telescopes with apertures larger than tens of meters and the other is the rapidly developing micro/nano‐optics and nanophotonics. At the nanoscale, subwavelength light–matter interaction is blended with classic and quantum effects in various functional materials such as noble metals, semiconductors, phase‐change materials, and 2D materials, which provides unprecedented opportunities to upgrade the performance of classic optical devices and overcome the fundamental and engineering difficulties faced by traditional optical engineers. Here, the research motivations and recent advances in subwavelength artificial structures are summarized, with a particular emphasis on their practical applications in super‐resolution and large‐aperture imaging systems, as well as highly efficient and spectrally selective absorbers and emitters. The role of dispersion engineering and near‐field coupling in the form of catenary optical fields is highlighted, which reveals a methodology to engineer the electromagnetic response of complex subwavelength structures. Challenges and tentative solutions are presented regarding multiscale design, optimization, fabrication, and system integration, with the hope of providing recipes to transform the theoretical and technological breakthroughs on subwavelength hierarchical structures to the next generation of engineering optics, namely Engineering Optics 2.0.
Single‐Step Approach to Tailor Surface Chemistry and Potential on Electrospun PCL Fibers for Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Metwally Sara , Karbowniczek Joanna E. , Szewczyk Piotr K. , Marzec Mateusz M. , Gruszczyński Adam , Bernasik Andrzej , Stachewicz Urszula 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA single‐step electrospinning approach enables controlling surface potential of fibers by changing voltage polarities during scaffolds production to enhance cells biointegration. This innovative and facile way of fibers production regulates the interfacial properties to enhance cells adhesion and filopodia formation on fibrous tissue scaffolds for possible bone regeneration. Tuning surface chemistry of polycaprolactone (PCL) by altering voltage polarity during electrospinning allows to double the surface potential on fibers up to 145 mV, which is directly measured using Kelvin probe force microscopy. The obtained surface potential on PCL fibers is directly correlated with surface chemistry analyzed at the grazing angle by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, showing lower oxygen content at PCL fiber surfaces, produced with negative voltage polarity, PCL (−). These fibers create well‐engineered scaffolds that are able to increase significantly cell proliferation that is visualized with fluorescence microscopy, and filopodia formation on positively charged fibers, investigated with high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. This work introduces electrospun PCL fibers without a need for chemical modification to tune electrostatic interactions between cells and fibrous scaffolds for biomaterials used in regenerative medicine.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Propenylation Reactions for the Synthesis of 4‐Pyridone Derivatives
Authors: Bai Xue‐dan , Wang Jie , He Ying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHerein we report an iridium‐catalyzed propenylation reaction of allylic carbonates with 4‐hydroxypyridine derivatives. The process efficiently provides 4‐pyridone derivatives with high stereoselectivities under mild conditions. The products could constitute valuable building blocks for the synthesis of natural products and other bioactive molecules. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that a tandem allylic substitution/isomerization reaction occurs to afford the propenylation products.magnified image
Photon‐Induced Spintronic Polaron Channel Modulator of CeO2‐x NP Thin Films Hydrogen Evolution Cells
Authors: Lai Yi‐Sheng , Su Yen‐Hsun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWater splitting cells are the green energy generation and storage devices for saving the energy risk. Hydrogen and oxygen gases are the most important source in fuel cells. Here, a photogalvanic spin battery is observed by generating spin‐polarized charge currents without spin orbital coupling under the irradiation of the coherent circularly h−/−h− circular polarization light as the photogalvanic spin battery in water splitting cells. The polaron generated by the O vacancy and Ce ions at the CeO2 nanoparticle surface corresponding to coherent h−/–h− angular momentum circular polarization light injection is utilized in spintronic electrons generation and a modulator. Polaron channel raises the charge mobility to 2.19 × 1015 m2 (V s)−1. The energy conversion efficiency of the polaron modulated spintronic electrons hydrogen evolution water splitting cell with optical spin injection is as high as 161% and the spin polarization is up to 75%. The polaron modulated spintronic electrons are successfully applied in water splitting and hydrogen evolution devices, serving as a photogalvanic spin small‐polaron cell. The energy conversion efficiency and spintronics controlling systems of the water splitting are well controlled and can provide actual benefits in near future.
Hybrid‐RRAM toward Next Generation of Nonvolatile Memory: Coupling of Oxygen Vacancies and Metal Ions
Authors: Sassine Gilbert , Nail Cécile , Blaise Philippe , Sklenard Benoit , Bernard Mathieu , Gassilloud Rémy , Marty Aurélie , Veillerot Marc , Vallée Christophe , Nowak Etienne , Molas Gabriel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHere, the impact of copper and oxygen vacancy balance in filament composition as a key factor for oxide‐based conductive bridge random access memories (hybrid resistive random access memories (HRRAMs)) performances is investigated. To this aim, several RRAM technologies are studied using various resistive layers and top electrodes. Material analyses allow to highlight the hybrid aspect of HRRAM conductive filament. Density functional theory simulations are used to extract microscopic features and highlight differences from a material point of view. Integrated RRAM technology performances such as window margin, endurance, and retention are then measured to analyze copper and oxygen vacancy influence on device characteristics. A new RRAM classification correlating filament composition and memory performances is proposed.
Nationwide analysis of unplanned 30‐day readmissions after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
Authors: Rizvi Zain H. , Ferrandino Rocco , Luu Quang , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundTranssphenoidal pituitary surgery has evolved into a safe procedure with shorter hospitalizations, yet unplanned readmissions remain a quality measure for which there is a paucity of data. We sought to examine rates, timing, etiologic factors, and costs surrounding readmission after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) was queried for patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary between January 2013 and November 2013. Patient, procedure, admission, and hospital‐level characteristics were compared for patients with and without unplanned 30‐day readmission. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify readmission predictors. A total of 8546 patients were included in this retrospective study.ResultsA total of 8546 patients with a median age of 54 years and female predominance were identified, with 742 patients experiencing at least 1 unplanned readmission within 30 days of index admission. Hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and obesity were common comorbidities among readmitted patients. Readmission was most frequently because of nervous system complications, followed by neurohypophyseal or electrolyte disorders, cerebrospinal fluid leak, hemorrhage, and meningitis. Median length and cost of stay of index admission was greater in the readmission group (p < 0.001). Fluid and electrolyte disorders as well as neurologic disease (most commonly epilepsy or convulsions) present on initial admission were predictive of length of initial stay and readmission (p < 0.001). Median readmission cost was $7723 and was expected to occur within 7 days.ConclusionApproximately 8.7% of patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery experience an unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge. Risk factors identified should be considered to reduce preventable readmissions and identify medically complex patients.
Impact of operating conditions on a single droplet and spray drying of hydroxypropylated pea starch: Process performance and final powder properties
Authors: Gouaou Imen , Shamaei Samira , Koutchoukali Mohamed Salah , Bouhelassa Mohamed , Tsotsas Evangelos , Kharaghani Abdolreza 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor an efficient production of spray‐dried fine powders having controllable properties (size, size distribution, and morphology), finding suitable operating conditions and an appropriate initial composition of the fluid material is important. For this purpose, a suspension device is employed to investigate the drying kinetics of a single droplet of hydroxypropylated pea starch (HPS). In the current work, the effect of the drying air temperature (80–160°C) and of the initial solid content of the agent (15–30%w/w) on the drying kinetics, shrinkage, and locking point of a single droplet was systematically investigated to acquire the optimal conditions required for producing HPS powder using a pilot‐scale spray dryer. In addition to the previously mentioned parameters, the atomization pressure effect (2–3 bars) on the spray‐drying process yield, thermal efficiency, and final powder properties were also considered. A laboratory‐scale X‐ray microtomograph and a camsizer‐XT were employed for the acquisition of three‐dimensional images and surface morphology of single dried particles and spray‐dried powder, respectively. Hollow particles were obtained in all single droplet experiments. The drying kinetic study results were supported by those obtained by the spray drying of HPS. An increased temperature of the drying air and the initial solid content of the solution results in higher powder recovery, lower residual moisture content, and larger particle size. Otherwise, the final particles are larger at a decreased atomization pressure. The optimized parameters for the high spray‐drying process yield (24.54%; 3 bars, 140°C, 25 wt%) and better powder homogeneity (span = 2.31; 3 bars, 140°C, 20 wt%) were defined. A mixture of particle morphologies was observed among the different final powders. A broken shell corresponding to rigid particles was obtained at a drying temperature of 140°C and an initial solid content of 25 wt%. A nonbroken particle refers to a pliable particle that corresponds to inflated and collapsed particles dried at high and low drying temperatures.
Nanomorphology and nanomechanical characteristics of solution‐blow‐spun PVDF‐based fibers filled with carbon nanotubes
Authors: González‐Benito Javier , Olmos Dania , Teno Jorge , González‐Gaitano Gustavo 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTFibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by solution blow spinning (SBS). The influence of the MWCNTs on the surface morphology and mechanical behavior of single fibers was studied. The morphology of the materials prepared and the dispersion of the MWCNTs within the polymer were studied by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to inspect the topography of single fibers and to perform nanoindentation tests. OM and TEM images indicated a good dispersion of the MWCNTs within the PVDF. AFM images evidenced clear changes in the topography of the blow‐spun fibers when the MWCNTs were present in the polymer. A greater amount of MWCNTs in the PVDF led to more heterogeneous fiber surfaces. The nanoindentation force curves revealed that the stiffness was practically constant along the fibers, which indicated that the mechanical response was homogeneous and, in turn, an even distribution of the MWCNTs. The incorporation of the MWCNTs produced a mechanical reinforcement of the PVDF fibers, showing increases of 31% and 49% in the elastic modulus when 1% and 5% by weight of MWCNTs were added to the polymer, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47115.
Mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties of polydimethylsiloxane/polysilsesquioxane nanocomposite for sealant application
Authors: Anoop V. , Subramani S. , Jaisankar S. N. , Sohini C. , Mary N. L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTPolysilsesquioxanes (PS) powder was synthesized from methyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane by hydrolytic condensation method in aqueous phase. The prepared PS powder was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size, and polydispersity of the powders was determined using dynamic light scattering technique. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites and the sealant were synthesized using different weight percentage (1–4 wt %) of PS powder and hydrophobic fumed silica. Tensile strength and thermal stability of the nanocomposites showed perceptible enhancement on increasing the filler ratio when compared to pristine PDMS composites. The surface morphology and the extent of filler dispersion were visualized from the scanning electron microscopy images. Dielectric strength of the composites also showed significant improvement on increasing the filler loading. Poly(methyl/vinyl)silsesquioxane (PMVS) (4 wt %) reinforced composites showed a considerable enrichment in properties when compared to other formulations. Adhesive strength of silicone sealant on both the alumina and mild steel substrate was studied by conducting lap shear test. PMVS‐loaded nanocomposites exhibited more adhesive strength on both the substrates and hence it can be used as a sealant in electronic assemblies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47228.
Thermally resistant photocrosslinked damping poly(phenylene oxide)–fluorosilicone rubber films with broad and high effective damping temperatures
Authors: Shen Da , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan , Guan Qingbao 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe development of an energy‐efficient strategy to prepare thermally resistant damping materials with high damping capacities (tan δ values) and broad effective damping temperature ranges (ΔTs) at high temperatures (>150 °C) is still an interesting challenge. In this study, a graft copolymer (PSi‐g‐APPO) was synthesized through the reaction between hydrogen‐terminated fluorosilicone and allyl poly(phenylene oxide) (APPO), and a unique kind of photocrosslinkable film (coded as GFA) consisting of FSR, APPO and PSi‐g‐APPO was prepared. The resultant GFA has high thermal resistance, wide ΔT, and high tan δ. When the weight ratio of APPO to FSR to PSi‐g‐APPO was 81:9:10, the obtained film exhibited a broad ΔT of 64 °C and a high tan δ (≤1.01) from 157 to 221 °C; this was the best comprehensive performance among the GFA systems. The mechanism behind the excellent integrated performance of GFA was studied and was proven to be due to the unique structure of the heterogeneous GFA system. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47231.
Construction of improved isothermal TTT cure diagram based on an epoxy–amine thermoset
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Yichao , Liu Yuhong 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCure degree plays a pivotal role in determining the final properties of thermosetting resin, while the parameter cannot be visually presented by the classic isothermal time–temperature‐transformation (TTT) diagram. An improved isothermal TTT cure diagram is built for an epoxy–amine thermoset with the visual relationship between temperature, time, and cure degree during the whole curing. As for the improved isothermal TTT cure diagram, the curing surface and the gelation plane were developed using Vyazovkin method and rheological analysis in turn, and the variation between glass transition temperature (T
g) and curing degree was described by Dibenedetto's equation. The obtained improved isothermal TTT diagram of epoxy–amine thermoset was constructed by the combination of calorimetric and rheological analysis. The fitting results of vitrification surface and gelation plane obtained via improved isothermal TTT diagram were in good agreement with experimental results. In addition, the experimental gelation curve of epoxy–amine thermoset is directly linked to the steepest location of curing surface. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47279.
Cai's Neiyi Prescription promotes apoptosis and inhibits inflammation in endometrial stromal cells with endometriosis through inhibiting USP10
Authors: Li Shuangdi , Zhu Yaping , Zhang Tingting , Hang Yuanyuan , Chen Qiong , Jin Yuli 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo observe the effect of Cai's Neiyi Prescription (CNYP) on the apoptosis and inflammation in endometrial stromal cells with endometriosis (EM) both in vivo and in vitro, EM model rats and endometrial stromal cells were treated with CNYP and the level of USP10, p‐ERK1/2, ERK1/2, and apoptosis‐related protein as well as the levels of proinflammatory factors were measured by Western blotting and ELISA, respectively. Rats with surgically induced EM showed increased USP10 expression and ERK/2 activation. Intragastric administration of CNYP granule significantly inhibited EM‐induced ERK1/2 activation and expression of USP10 and Bcl‐2, but increased the expression of Bax and Caspase‐7 in EM‐induced rats. CNYP granule administration also inhibited EM‐induced inflammation in rats. Moreover, the ectopic endometrial stromal cells isolated from EM patients demonstrated decreased ERK1/2 activation and expression of USP10 and Bcl‐2 and increased expression of Bax and Caspase‐7 after cultured in DMEM containing CNYP‐medicated rat serum, which were reversed by USP10 overexpression and were enhanced by USP10 siRNA. USP10 overexpression also inhibited while USP10 siRNA enhanced the CNYP‐induced inhibition of inflammation in ectopic endometrial stromal cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CNYP granule promotes apoptosis and inhibits inflammation in endometrial stromal cells with EM through inhibiting USP10.