bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF PLASTER OF PARIS CAST IMMOBILIZATION OF SKELETAL PIN FOLLOWING SKELETAL TRACTION ABSTRACT
Authors: Datta Alok Sobhan , Ostayar Naim , Chakrabarti Sudipta 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: Application of skeletal traction, requires insertion of skeletal pin which inflicts an open skin wound around the pin, impending portal for entry of microbes into the pin tract. Associated notable complications are metal reactions and secondary infection, subsequently leads to pin change or removal, failure of fracture union, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis etc. Aim of the present study was to compare the pin tract infection grade of elderly patients having open pins with antiseptic dressing and cases immobilized with plaster of Paris (POP) cast.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consists of 88 patients treated with upper tibial skeletal traction, of whom 44 persons followed up by regular antiseptic dressing of open percutaneous pin would (Group 1) and the rest 44 persons having pin covered with POP cast (Group 2). Pin tracts of both groups were evaluated after 6 weeks by Checketts-Otterburn’s grading system. Primary outcome variables of infection gradation and outcome measures was compared by NNT with 95% confidence interval, proportion and percentage.
RESULTS: Mean age of patients of group 1 was 69.75, SD 7.185 and group 2 was 68.95, SD 8.177. Skeletal pin had to be removed (Grade 4 in Checketts-Otterburn’s grading system) in 10 (66.7%) of group 1 compared to only 5 (33.3%) cases of group 2. No case of osteomyelitis (Grade 6) has been seen in any group. The difference in grade of pin tract infection in the two groups was statistically significant (p =0.001).
DISCUSSION
High morbidity in conservative treatment is vastly the result of continuous pain, infection and discomfort. The present study compellingly documented non-operative management by skeletal traction is far from being the lethal procedure if the the rate of pin tract infection is reduced by covering with POP cast. In institutes that cater to a significant number of elderly population, skeletal traction with appropriate control of pin site infection is an effective alternative to more aggressive operative method.
Keywords: Skeletal Traction, Pin Tract Infection, Elderly Patients, Plaster of Paris (Pop) Cast.
CORRELATION OF STATURE IN RELATION TO HEAD LENGTH IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN BIKANER DISTRICT RAJASTHAN.
Authors: Mani Dr. Rakesh , Choudhary Dr. Pramila , Singh Dr. Mohan , Rathore Dr. Kanika 
Published: June 2019

Anthropometric measurements vary in different races, sex and age groups. Stature is one of the various parameters of identification. Estimation of stature from measurement of various body parts is of immense important to the forensic experts. It is known that there a close relationship exists between the height of an individual and various parts of the body like head, trunk, upper and lower extremities. The aim of this study is to estimate the relationship between the stature and head length. This study was conducted on 200 (100 males, 100 females) medical students of age groups 18-25 years at SPMC Medical College, Bikaner (Rajasthan). Height and head length were measured and Pearson correlation was used to see correlation. Head length and height are positively correlated among boys and girls and it is statistically highly significant. When both boys and girls were combined it also showed positive correlation which is statistically highly significant. This study shows that there is a strong association between height and head length. Simple regression equations generated from head length can be a supplementary approach for stature estimation when extremities are not available and will be useful for anatomists, archaeologists, anthropologists and forensic scientists.
Keywords: Correlation coefficient, Head length, Regression equation, Stadiometer, Spreading caliper, Stature.
A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN IN RURAL AREA RAJASTAHAN
Authors: Nema Dr. Anubha , Mittal Dr. Sunil Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Background: Over the past few years in India, childhood overweight and obesity is increasingly being observed with the changing lifestyle of families with inadequate exercises and unhealthy food lifestyles.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Government High Schools (8-10th standards) with a sample size of 100. Required number of students from each class was selected using systematic random sampling.
Results: The overweight students were mainly boys and the underweight students were mainly girls. Nutritional value of the majority of students was poor due to consumption of junk foods, lack of exercise, outdoor activities, inadequate intake of food and imbalanced diet.
Conclusion: In the present study, majority of high school students in 8th, 9th, and 10th standards were underweight, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were less.
Keywords: Overweight, Underweight, Rural
A STUDY OF PLASMA GLUCOSE AND SERUM CERULOPLASMIN IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Bhatia Kapil , Misra Pratibha , MK Sibin , Ambade Vivek N , Mukherjee Bhasker 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder occurring due to either defect in the secretion of insulin or defect in the action of insulin characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress due to increased production of mitochondrial Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T2DM. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) acts as an antioxidant through its ferroxidase activity. There is an association between the raised serum Cp levels and elevated plasma glucose levels in Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2hour plasma glucose (2hPG), and serum Cp level in T2DM patients as compared to non diabetics.
Materials and methods: 165 cases of T2DM were recruited along with the 40 healthy age and sex matched controls. The blood samples were analyzed for serum Cp and FPG and 2hPG after 75-gram oral glucose.
Results: The serum Cp levels of the patient group with T2DM were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.000). There was a significant positive association between serum Cp level and 2hPG level of the patient population (r = 0.283, p = 0.000), but there was no significant correlation found between serum Cp levels and fasting plasma glucose levels in patients (r = 0.146, p =0.061). Similar findings were seen in the sub group analysis.
Conclusion: Our study concludes a significant positive correlation between serum Cp and 2hPG levels in T2DM patients. Hence Cp levels may be considered as a part of the routine diagnostic panel to assess diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Serum Ceruloplasmin, Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting plasma glucose, 2hour plasma glucose
UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA OF THE RIGHT PAROTID GLAND WITH LOCOREGIONAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN A 18 YEARS OLD MALE: A CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Kusum Dr. Anuradha , Shukla Dr. Sushil Kumar , Shirazi Dr. Nadia , Gaur Dr. Dushyant Singh , Bisht Dr. S.S. 
Published: June 2019

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a slow growing and low grade epithelial neoplasm of the salivary glands, in which few tumor cells exhibiting acinar cell differentiation that is characterized by presence of cytoplasmic zymogen secretory granules in the tumor cell. Most frequently ACC occur in parotid gland with the initial presentation somewhat at younger age than other parotid gland neoplasms and preferentially more in female with female: male ratio is 3:2 and median age at time of presentation is 52 years. “Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)” examination may also be useful tool for confirmation of the diagnosis. The treatment of tumor is essentially by surgical excision of the gland. In histo-pathological examination; the most common presentation of tumor is solid sheet and nesting pattern of the growth followed by microcystic, papillary-cystic and follicular pattern . The purpose of the present case is to present the clinical, cytological and histopathological features of of ACC of the parotid glands of 18 years old male child which initially present as a benign cystic lesion of parotid gland than finally diagnosed as ACC with metastasized to regional lymph nodes. To conclude, ACC is frequently arising in parotid gland and metastasis to the intra-salivary gland lymph nodes is a very rare finding in young male. Intra­-operative frozen section might be helpful in the di­agnosis of parotid gland ACC because of low specificity and sensitivity of CT scan and FNAC examination of ACC. The histo-morphological examination of paraffin embedded H/E stained section is the main tool to explain the microscopic findings of ACC and to classify ACC of parotid gland. Specail stain like PAS, PAS-D and IHC examination might useful for diagnosis of ACC. Surgery with adjuvant post-operative radiation therapy is acceptable for final outcome of disease and the tumor should be managed uncompromisingly, despite of its slow growing and low malignant behaviour, due to its metastatic prospective which usually confirmed by distant metastasis and recurrence. Hence, these tumors require a long-term follow-up.
Key words: ACC: Acinic cell carcinoma
DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATION IN HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS – TERTIARY CARE CENTRE BASED STUDY.
Authors: Meena Seema , . Sukriti , Bhati Sonal , Patni Abha 
Published: June 2019

Background: Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is a minimally invasive technique performed in a variety of hematological disorders. It is considered essential for the diagnosis and management of haematological disorders. BMA is usually sufficient to diagnose nutritional anemia and most of the leukemias.
Aims & Objectives: To study the spectrum of hematological disorders diagnosed on BMA in a tertiary care centre, Udaipur.
Material & Methods: The present study was conducted in the hematology section of department of Pathology, RNT Medical College & MB Hospital, Udaipur for a period of one year from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 123 cases of suspected hematological disorders underwent the process of BMA from posterior superior iliac spine under local anesthesia. Exclusion criteria of our study included aspirates of dry tap. BMA smears were stained with Giemsa stain for morphologic examination.
Result: The present study included 123 cases. Male to female ratio in our study was 1.6:1. Anemia (45.5%) was the most common hematological disorder in our study, iron deficiency anemia being the most common followed by megaloblastic anemia. Chronic myeloid leukemia (26.01%) was the most common hematological malignancy in our study.
Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration is a useful diagnostic procedure in hematological practice for the diagnosis of both hematological and non-hematological conditions. Rapid and early diagnosis of malignancies are critical for proper initiation of treatment and to control the disease.
Keywords: Bone Marrow Aspiration, Hematological disorders, Leukemias
AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA FOLLOWING HEPATITIS A INFECTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kala Mansi , Sharma Siddharth , Shukla Sushil Kumar , Akram Mohd. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a fulminant thromboticmicroangiopathy often manifested as clinical pentad of fever, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anemia, renal failure and neurological abnormalities. ADAMTS13 deficiency has been noted as causative factor however secondary TTP/HUS preceded by various insult is also noted. Insults like burn, malignancy, viral infections and sepsis has been associated with TTP/HUS. Association of TTP/HUS with hepatitis A infection is rare and not reported.
Case Summary: 27 years old male was admitted with acute onset fever, drowsiness, decreased urine output and icterus. Physical examination was unremarkable except icterus. He was found to have IgM positive for hepatitis A along with evidence of microangiopathic haemolytic anemia. He was diagnosed to have Hepatitis A along with TTP/HUS and plasmapheresis was started. He improved dramatically after it. No recurrence of TTP/HUS was noted on follow up.
Conclusion: We present an interesting case of Hepatitis A as a possible trigger for Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Any haemolytic microangiopathy in hepatitis A should be carefully looked for a possibility of TTP.
Keywords: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Hepatitis A, TTP/HUS, HAV
TO STUDY THE CLINICAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN (AGED 1MONTH-14YRS) SUFFERING FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: Soni Dr. Moti Lal 
Published: June 2019

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections in children. The diagnosis of UTI is very often missed in young children due to minimal and nonspecific symptoms.
Methods: Hospital based observational prospective study conducted 100 clinical cases.
Results: According to presenting history, maximum patients presented with abdominal symptoms (72%), urinary symptoms (23.0%), followed by respiratory symptoms in 18.0% cases, CNS symptoms (8.0%) and non-specific symptoms in 47.0% cases. Fever was the most common presenting complaint followed by vomiting, pain abdomen, oliguria, Diarrhoea, generalized swelling, burning micturition, cough, decreased appetite, respiratory distress, excessive cry, chills and rigor, abnormal body movement, yellow colour of urine, headache while least common present history was chest pain and joint swelling where 1 case each was found.
Conclusion: UTI is a common childhood illness. Females were more commonly affected than males. Fever being most common presenting symptom followed by vomiting and pain abdomen.
Keywords: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Females, Fever.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ABOUT CONTRACEPTIVE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP FEMALES
Authors: Meena Dr. Shiv Charan , Singh Dr. Raghvendra 
Published: June 2019

Background: Aim of current study was to assess the knowledge, attitude & practices of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age group.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on females between 18-49 years served as inclusion criteria, while unmarried females were excluded. The women interviewed were informed of the study and consent was taken. The participation was on voluntary basis. Questions regarding factors responsible for non use of contraception were also asked.
Results: Out of 1000 women, 690 (69.00%) had knowledge about family planning. 61.00% knew about condom, followed by OCPs & other methods.
Conclusions: Effort should be made to educate the public about the safety and convenience of modern, long term, reversible methods of contraception among both in health care professional and public.
Keyword: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Contraception
A CLINICAL STUDY OF INTRATHECAL KETAMINE WITH ADRENALIN FOR LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES
Authors: Singh Dr. Raghvendra , Meena Dr. Shiv Charan 
Published: June 2019

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, occurrence of delirium reaction and other complications of Ketamine with Adrenaline given intrathecally.
Methods: After informed and written consent, ASA Physical status I and II aged 18-60 years, of either sex randomly selected 100 Patients for elective lower abdominal surgeries were been enrolled after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with severe systemic disease metabolic disorders, neurological, congenital or cardiovascular diseases were excluded from this study.
Results: In the present study the maximum level achieved ranged from T6-T10. The time taken to achieve maximum sensory blockade ranged from 2-8 minutes. There were no significant changes in mean systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure or pulse rate. Intra-operatively, nystagmus was seen in all patients. Sedation and delirium was seen in 72 patients and 2 patients respectively.
Conclusion: We conclude that intra thecal ketamine with adrenaline produces a reliable anaesthesia, better operative conditions and patients comfort with minimal side effects in elective lower abdominal surgeries.
Keywords: Anaesthesia, Ketamine, Adrenaline, Intrathecal.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF NURSES REGARDING INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES IN THE SELECTED HEALTH FACILITIES OF DELHI
Authors: Lata Dr. Mohan , Singh Dr. Ranjana , Rana Dr. Monika , Jerath Dr. Suparna Ghosh 
Published: June 2019

Introduction :Universal precautions as defined by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is “a set of precautions or actions designed to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and other body fluids, blood borne pathogens when providing health care to a patient”. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of nurses on infection control measures in the selected health facilities of Delhi and identify the factors affecting their adoption of the practices.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional mixed method study. Quantitative data was collected from 159 nurses working in selected public hospitals, using a pre tested structured questionnaire and qualitative data was collected from key stakeholders using in depth interview guide. For analysis Stata version 14.2 was used.
Result: The adequate knowledge (>80 percent score) was found in 71.7 percent nurses. There were also a few (1.3 percent) nurses who had poor level of knowledge. The adequate level of practice (>80 percent score) was found in 72.9 percent of participants. There were also few nurses (1.3 percent) whose practice level was poor. Further linear regression was done to look for determinants of knowledge and practice. The likelihood of knowledge score was significantly more among those who have seen SOPs and have attended training on infection control measures. Practice score was significantly more among those who have more knowledge and have attended training. The major barriers reported were understaffing, patient over load, record keeping and data entry and sometimes non-availability of adequate resources.
Conclusion: It was found in the present study that knowledge and practice of infection control among nurses was adequate but needs to be improved further to provide a completely safe working environment for the study population and prevent them from the risk of occupational hazard. The need for extensive trainings, adequate staff patient ratio and for making the resources available are suggested
ADEQUACY OF AXILLARY LYMPH NODE CLEARANCE IN BREAST CARCINOMA: ARE WE ACHIEVING THE RECOMMENDED STANDARDS?
Authors: Raviraj Dr. Subramaniyam , Balasingam Thileebphan 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: In the setup of breast cancer management, axillary lymph node clearance plays a role in staging and planning of adjuvant chemotherapy and local control of cancer. Harvesting minimum of 10 lymph nodes for histopathological analysis is cut off value to consider a 90% certainty of a true negative axillary lymph node after axillary clearance.
Aim: To assess the adequacy of axillary lymph node clearance considering influence of tumor factor (size, site, grade, type, lymphovascular invasion and hormonal and HER 2-NEU receptor status).
Method: Retrospective analysis of histopathological report included 117 patients underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node clearance from January 2011 to July 2016 in professorial surgical unit teaching hospital Jaffna. The analysis assessed the adequacy of the axillary lymph node clearance considering the influence of tumor factor.
Results: Adequate axillary lymph node clearance was done in 89.7% (105). None of considered factors showed significance influence (p<0.05) except tumor type.
Conclusion: Unit achieved desirable adequacy in axillary lymph node clearance, clearance adequacy is not associated with considered tumor factors except tumor type.
Keywords: Axillary lymphnode clearance, Adequacy, Breast cancer, nodal status
STUDY OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES IMBALANCES IN FEMALE THYROID PATIENTS AT AIIMS, PATNA: A HOSPITAL BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Kumari Dr. Jyoti , Kant Dr. Dev , Mahto Dr. Mala 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: This present study was to compare the serum electrolytes (Na, K and Cl) imbalances in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism with euthyroidism female cases.
Methods: A detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all female thyroid cases. Thyroid hormones were estimated by chemiluminiscence method using Siemens Advia Centaur XP instrument. Electrolyte levels (Na+, k+ & Cl-) were measured by ion selective electrode method using Eschweiler combi.
Results: Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS (version 26) software. Paired samples statistics was used. Mean ± standard deviation and t value were calculated. P value was taken less than or equal to 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05) for significant differences.
Conclusions: This present study concluded that electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride levels were significantly reduced in hypothyroidism female cases compared to euthyroids female (controls). This suggests that hypothyroid patients should be regularly checked for serum electrolytes. Early detection and treatment can prevent the further complications related to the disorder and will be helpful during the management of thyroid patients.
Key words: Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, electrolytes.
El avance tecnológico y su impacto en la educación inicial.
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín 
Published: June 2019

La educación inicial y sus avances tecnológicos en el ecuador ha desempeñado gran potencial en los niños con un 23.9% en la educación inicial, 12,3% en los adultos y esos no dejas con un 4,8% en la educación superior. Estos datos nos reflejan como los avances tecnológicos han venido revolucionando a nivel académico.
Por ese motivo la tarea docente implica identificar las capacidades que los nativos digitales necesitan para ser eficaces en esta nueva cultura o modo de ser; recreando metodologías y materiales basados en entornos digitales, aprovechando al máximo su eficacia, pero conservando nuestra humanidad.
La educación inicial tiene un conjunto de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras que se han ido consolidando a lo largo del tiempo. En tal sentido, la integración de las nuevas tecnologías a los procesos educativos con los niños pequeños constituye un reto y una oportunidad para modelar y optimizar nuestra práctica docente, respondiendo a la adaptación más rápida e importante que ha experimentado el cerebro en miles de años de evolución.
Es importante analizar el carácter que las personas y, como tales, también los maestros y los niños establecen con las tecnologías. Cada vez que las usamos para modificar un estado de cosas, a su vez somos modificados por ellas. Por tanto, a jugar con nuevas tecnologías, también se aprende.