bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contingent valuation and rural potable water systems: A critical look at the past and future
Authors: Witt Brian 
Published: December 2018

Determining the value of environmental goods that impact human populations, such as potable water, is often highly problematic. The all‐too‐common lack of realistic markets for the provisioning of these goods necessitates the use of nonmarket valuation techniques. Contingent valuation surveys are often an appropriate method, thanks to their ability to value hypothetical changes and nonuse values, and their limited prior data requirements. When properly implemented, contingent valuation surveys can estimate the maximum willingness to pay of surveyed individuals, allowing the value of the environmental good to be accurately measured. An analysis of the extant body of contingent valuation studies of rural potable water systems in developing and emerging countries indicates that rural water consumers are willing to pay, often substantially, for the creation of a potable water system or for improvements to existing system. Studies involving changes to existing potable water system, through improving an existing system for greater reliability or sustainability, showed a high degree of consistency in respondents' willingness to pay estimates as a percentage of income or current water tariff. Higher incomes, higher levels of education and youth, among other characteristics, were found to be positively correlated with higher willingness to pay estimates. Future contingent valuation studies focusing on improving comparability through greater methodological consistency, and addressing the impact of community power dynamics, intercommunal cleavages, and subsidies could be especially productive.This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Value of Water
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Superconformal algebras for twisted connected sums and G2 mirror symmetry
Authors: Fiset Marc-Antoine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe realise the Shatashvili-Vafa superconformal algebra forG2string compactifications by combining Odake and free conformal algebras following closely the recent mathematical construction of twisted connected sumG2holonomy manifolds. By considering automorphisms of this realisation, we identify stringy analogues of two mirror maps proposed by Braun and Del Zotto for these manifolds.
$$ {R}_{D^{\left(*\right)}} $$ in custodial warped space
Authors: Carena Marcela , Megías Eugenio , Quirós Mariano , Wagner Carlos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFlavor physics experiments allow to probe the accuracy of the Standard Model (SM) description at low energies, and are sensitive to new heavy gauge bosons that couple to quarks and leptons in a relevant way. The apparent anomaly in the ratios of the decay ofB-mesons intoD-mesons and different lepton flavors,$$ {R}_{D^{\left(*\right)}}=\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\tau \nu \right)/\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\ell \nu \right) $$RD*=ℬB→D∗τν/ℬB→D∗ℓνis particularly intriguing, since these decay processes occur at tree-level in the SM. Recently, it has been suggested that this anomaly may be explained by new gauge bosons coupled to right-handed currents of quarks and leptons, involving light right-handed neutrinos. In this work we present a well-motivated ultraviolet complete realization of this idea, embedding the SM in a warped space with an SU(2)L⊗ SU(2)R⊗ U(1)B−Lbulk gauge symmetry. Besides providing a solution to the hierarchy problem, we show that this model, which has an explicit custodial symmetry, can explain the$$ {R}_{D^{\left(*\right)}} $$RD*anomaly and at the same time allow for a solution to the$$ {R}_{K^{\left(*\right)}} $$RK*anomalies, related to the decay ofB-mesons intoK-mesons and leptons,$$ {R}_{K^{\left(*\right)}}=\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}\mu \mu \right)/\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}ee\right) $$RK*=ℬB→K∗μμ/ℬB→K∗ee. In addition, a model prediction is an anomalous value of the forward-backward asymmetryAFBb, driven by the$$ Z{\overline{b}}_R{b}_R $$Zb¯RbRcoupling, in agreement with LEP data.
To achieve the goals of e-Science, we must change research culture globally
Authors: Chue Hong Neil 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The e-Science program was initiated in the United Kingdom in the early 2000s with the aim of bringing together researchers in large scale, collaborative projects involving software and computation to solve grand challenges. A legacy of this program has been an understanding of the importance of the people behind the software, the researchers and research software engineers, as well as the challenges of developing and maintaining code that is reusable given the problems of software decay.
The Software Sustainability Institute was established in the UK to provide support and direction for the research software community through consultancy, training, engagement, and policy campaigns. Through this it has worked with an international community of collaborators, in the UK, in Europe, and across the world to support reusability, research integrity, and transparency, recognizing that to achieve the goals of e-Science, we must change research culture globally.
Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Estimates in Stratified Arctic Coastal Waters: How Wrong Can We Be?
Authors: Miller Lisa A. , Burgers Tonya M. , Burt William J. , Granskog Mats A. , Papakyriakou Tim N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSummer near‐surface seawater sampling in the Canadian Arctic revealed potential for significant errors (nearly 0.1 μmol·(m‐2 s‐1)) in CO2 fluxes calculated from measured air‐sea CO2 gradients. River runoff and sea ice melt strongly stratify these waters, often resulting in surface mixed layers only a few meters thick and isolated from waters sampled by shipboard underway systems. Samples collected with the underway system, rosette, and small boats exposed substantial near‐surface gradients in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) over the top 7 m at many stations. Distributions of temperature, salinity, and fluorescence indicated that the sources of the CO2 system gradients varied between stations, precluding simple corrections to align subsurface data with shallower conditions. Overall, the strong summertime sink of atmospheric CO2 implied by the underway data was not supported by shallower data.
Contributions of Atmospheric Forcing and Chaotic Ocean Variability to Regional Sea Level Trends Over 1993–2015
Authors: Llovel William , Penduff Thierry , Meyssignac Benoit , Molines Jean‐Marc , Terray Laurent , Bessières Laurent , Barnier Bernard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA global ¼° ocean/sea‐ice 50‐member ensemble simulation is analyzed to disentangle the imprints of the atmospheric forcing and the chaotic ocean variability on regional sea level trends over the satellite altimetry period. We find that the chaotic ocean variability may mask atmospherically forced regional sea level trends over 38% of the global ocean area from 1993 to 2015, and over 47% of this area from 2005 to 2015. These regions are located in the western boundary currents, in the Southern Ocean and in the subtropical gyres. While these results do not question the anthropogenic origin of global mean sea level rise, they give new insights into the intrinsically oceanic versus atmospheric forcing of regional sea level trends and provide new constraints on the measurement time required to attribute regional sea level trends to the atmospheric forcing or to climate change.
Global Analysis of Experimental Data on the Rheology of Olivine Aggregates
Authors: Jain Chhavi , Korenaga Jun , Karato Shun‐ichiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFollowing the reanalysis of individual experimental runs of some widely cited studies (Jain et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014847), we revisit the global data analysis of Korenaga and Karato (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005100) with a significantly improved version of their Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion. Their algorithm, previously corrected by Mullet et al. () to minimize potential parameter bias, is further modified here to estimate more efficiently interrun biases in global data sets. Using the refined Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion technique, we simultaneously analyze experimental data on the deformation of olivine aggregates compiled from different studies. Realistic composite rheological models, including both diffusion and dislocation creep, are adopted, and the role of dislocation‐accommodated grain boundary sliding is also investigated. Furthermore, the influence of interrun biases on inversion results is studied using experimental and synthetic data. Our analysis shows that existing data can tightly constrain the grain‐size exponent for diffusion creep at ∼2, which is different from the value commonly assumed (p = 3). Different data sets and model assumptions, however, yield nonoverlapping estimates on other flow‐law parameters, and the flow‐law parameters for grain boundary sliding are poorly resolved in most cases. We thus provide a few plausible candidate flow‐law models for olivine rheology to facilitate future geodynamic modeling. The availability of more data that explore a wider range of experimental conditions, especially higher pressures, is essential to improve our understanding of upper mantle rheology.
Investigation of Solar Flares Impact on GPS/BDS/GALILEO Broadcast Ionospheric Models
Authors: Cheng Na , Song Shuli , Xie Hui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ionosphere is significant to solar‐terrestrial space environment, and the ionospheric delay is considered as one main error source in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). For GNSS single‐frequency users, broadcast ionospheric models (BIMs) play an important role in mitigating the ionospheric delay. Solar activity induces ionospheric disturbances, which can reduce the performance of GNSS. In this study, solar flares impact on Global Positioning System/BeiDou satellite navigation System/Galileo (GPS/BDS/GALILEO) BIMs was investigated in the Asia‐Pacific region. Twelve X‐class and M‐class large solar flares were selected for this study. Total electron content (TEC) derived from selected International GNSS Service and Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) were used to analyze the TEC anomalies and the adaptability of the GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs during sample solar flare events. It is verified that very noticeable sudden increase in TEC clearly took place during solar flares. The temporal variation of rate of TEC is more pronounced and rapid with respect to that of TEC. Especially, solar flares impact on the correction accuracy of the GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs is significant, as illustrated by a noticeable decrease in relative difference between the observed and modeled TEC values of the GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs occurred during the events. Through our investigation, we found that the adaptability of BDS BIM is better than GPS and GALILEO BIMs under solar flare conditions because its coefficients were updated more frequently, while the accuracy of the GALILEO BIM is the highest among current GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs in general.
A signature-based machine learning model for distinguishing bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Perez Arribas Imanol , Goodwin Guy M. , Geddes John R. , Lyons Terry , Saunders Kate E. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMobile technologies offer new opportunities for prospective, high resolution monitoring of long-term health conditions. The opportunities seem of particular promise in psychiatry where diagnoses often rely on retrospective and subjective recall of mood states. However, deriving clinically meaningful information from the complex time series data these technologies present is challenging, and the current implications for patient care are uncertain. In this study, 130 participants with bipolar disorder (n = 48) or borderline personality disorder (n = 31) and healthy volunteers (n = 51) completed daily mood ratings using a bespoke smartphone app for up to 1 year. A signature-based learning method was used to capture the evolving interrelationships between the different elements of mood and exploit this information to classify participants’ diagnosis and to predict subsequent mood. The three participant groups could be distinguished from one another on the basis of self-reported mood using the signature methodology. The methodology classified 75% of participants into the correct diagnostic group compared with 54% using standard approaches. Subsequent mood ratings were correctly predicted with >70% accuracy. Prediction of mood was most accurate in healthy volunteers (89–98%) compared to bipolar disorder (82–90%) and borderline personality disorder (70–78%). The signature method provided an effective approach to the analysis of mood data both in terms of diagnostic classification and prediction of future mood. It also highlighted the differing predictability and the overlap inherent within disorders. The three cohorts offered internally consistent but distinct patterns of mood interaction in their reporting which have the potential to enable more efficient and accurate diagnoses and thus earlier treatment.
Breaking the speed limit with multimode fast scanning of DNA by Endonuclease V
Authors: Ahmadi Arash , Rosnes Ida , Blicher Pernille , Diekmann Robin , Schüttpelz Mark , Glette Kyrre , Tørresen Jim , Bjørås Magnar , Dalhus Bjørn , Rowe Alexander D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn order to preserve genomic stability, cells rely on various repair pathways for removing DNA damage. The mechanisms how enzymes scan DNA and recognize their target sites are incompletely understood. Here, by using high-localization precision microscopy along with 133 Hz high sampling rate, we have recorded EndoV and OGG1 interacting with 12-kbp elongated λ-DNA in an optical trap. EndoV switches between three distinct scanning modes, each with a clear range of activation energy barriers. These results concur with average diffusion rate and occupancy of states determined by a hidden Markov model, allowing us to infer that EndoV confinement occurs when the intercalating wedge motif is involved in rigorous probing of the DNA, while highly mobile EndoV may disengage from a strictly 1D helical diffusion mode and hop along the DNA. This makes EndoV the first example of a monomeric, single-conformation and single-binding-site protein demonstrating the ability to switch between three scanning modes.
Cancer-derived exosomal miR-25-3p promotes pre-metastatic niche formation by inducing vascular permeability and angiogenesis
Authors: Zeng Zhicheng , Li Yuling , Pan Yangjian , Lan Xiaoliang , Song Fuyao , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Kun , Liu Xiaolong , Ren Xiaoli , Wang Feifei , Hu Jinlong , Zhu Xiaohui , Yang Wei , Liao Wenting , Li Guoxin , Ding Yanqing , Liang Li 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer-derived exosomes are considered a major driver of cancer-induced pre-metastatic niche formation at foreign sites, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that miR-25-3p, a metastasis-promoting miRNA of colorectal cancer (CRC), can be transferred from CRC cells to endothelial cells via exosomes. Exosomal miR-25-3p regulates the expression of VEGFR2, ZO-1, occludin and Claudin5 in endothelial cells by targeting KLF2 and KLF4, consequently promotes vascular permeability and angiogenesis. In addition, exosomal miR-25-3p from CRC cells dramatically induces vascular leakiness and enhances CRC metastasis in liver and lung of mice. Moreover, the expression level of miR-25-3p from circulating exosomes is significantly higher in CRC patients with metastasis than those without metastasis. Our work suggests that exosomal miR-25-3p is involved in pre-metastatic niche formation and may be used as a blood-based biomarker for CRC metastasis.
New diabatic potential energy surfaces of the NaH2 system and dynamics studies for the Na(3p) + H2 → NaH + H reaction
Authors: Wang Shufen , Yang Zijiang , Yuan Jiuchuang , Chen Maodu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Na(3p) + H2(X1Σg+) → NaH(X1Σ+) + H(2S) reaction plays an important role in the field of diabatic reaction dynamics. A set of new diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the NaH2 system are structured, which include the diabatic coupling between the lowest two adiabatic states. The electronic structure calculations are performed on the multi-reference configuration interaction level with the cc-pwCVQZ and aug-cc-PVQZ basis sets for Na and H atoms. 32402 geometries are chosen to construct the diabatic data by a unitary transformation based on the molecular property method. The diabatic matrix elements of $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{11}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

11

d

, $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{22}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

22

d

and $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{12}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

12

d

($${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{21}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

21

d

) are fitted by the artificial neural network model. The spectroscopic constants of diatoms obtained from the present PESs are consistent with the experimental data. The topographical and intersection characteristics of the $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{11}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

11

d

and $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{22}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

22

d

surfaces are discussed. Based on the new PESs, the time-dependent quantum wave packet calculations are carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the title reaction in detail.
Plasma miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b, and Let-7a as the potential biomarkers for the monitoring of breast cancer patients
Authors: Khalighfard Solmaz , Alizadeh Ali Mohammad , Irani Shiva , Omranipour Ramesh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is a pressing need for further studies to categorize and validate circulating microRNAs (miRs) in breast cancer patients that can be one of the novel strategies for cancer screening and monitoring. The present study is aimed to investigate the expression of the circulating candidate microRNAs after the operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the non-metastatic breast cancer patients. Tumor tissue and plasma samples were collected from the 30 patients with recently diagnosed Luminal A breast cancer. Control plasma samples were collected from the 10 healthy subjects. A panel of four miRs including miR-21, miR-55, miR-10b, and Let-7a were selected and their expression levels were measured before and after the operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy by using Real-Time PCR technique. The plasma expression of the miR-21, miR-155, and miR-10b was significantly increased and the Let-7a plasma expression decreased in the breast cancer patients compromised to the control ones. There was a similar expression pattern of the miRs between the tissue and plasma samples. The plasma levels of the miR-21, miR-155, and miR-10b were significantly down-regulated and the Let-7a plasma level was up-regulated after the operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy compromised to the pre-treatment. There was a significant difference in the miR-155 plasma level after the operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy compromised with each other. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the plasma levels of the miRs after the radiotherapy compromised to the control cases. The operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy led to a more reduction in the oncomiRs and an increase in the tumor suppressor-miRs. It seems that monitoring miRs during treatment might be considered as a respectable diagnostic tool for monitoring of breast cancer patients.
Bewegungstherapeutische Interventionen in der Onkologie – eine Struktur- und Angebotsanalyse der onkologischen Rehabilitationskliniken in Deutschland
Authors: Wirtz Petra , Baumann Freerk 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Die Studie analysierte die bewegungstherapeutischen Interventionen hinsichtlich Infrastruktur, Therapieinhalte und Methoden in onkologischen Rehabilitationskliniken in Deutschland.
Methodik Die Querschnittserhebung wurde mittels einer Umfrage in Form eines selbst konzipierten Fragebogens durchgeführt. Für die Auswertung wurden 157 Rehabilitationskliniken nach definierten Einschlusskriterien mit einbezogen.
Ergebnisse Es haben 33 Rehakliniken (21,02%) mit insgesamt 44 828 Rehabilitanden (29,4%) geantwortet. 83,6% der Rehabilitanden erhalten Sport- und 82,2% Physiotherapie. Alle Rehakliniken führen eine physiotherapeutische/sportwissenschaftliche Diagnostik vor Beginn der Sport- und Bewegungstherapie durch. Je nach Nebenwirkung arbeiten 44–80% der Kliniken bewegungstherapeutisch nach aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Bewegungstherapie spielt eine bedeutende Rolle in der onkologischen Rehabilitationsklinik. Es zeigt sich jedoch ein heterogenes Bild im Kontext der bewegungstherapeutischen Methoden und Inhalte.
Research on Treating Insomnia Accompanied With Depression by Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture
Authors: Bao Lidao , Li Sha , Jin Qiu , Si Lengge , Bo Agula 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture in treating the patients with insomnia accompanied with depression and discuss the mechanism of action of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture in treating insomnia.
Method 50 patients with insomnia accompanied with depression were clinically selected and randomly divided into the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group and the drug group (trazodone) of 25 each. The patients in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group were subjected to acupoint stimulation (Xin acupoint, Dinghui acupoint, and Heyi) for 30 min once a day. 100mg of trazodone were administered to the patients in the drug group. The patients in both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The patients in both groups were compared in terms of Pittsburgh sleep quality index, sleep quality, daytime functions, self-rating depression scale etc.
Result There was a significant difference in total score of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) between the patients in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group before treatment (16.83±3.68) and those after treatment (8.18±3.78)(P<0.01). The scores of sleep quality and daytime functions of the patients in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group (6.76±2.76) were superior to those in the drug group (5.89±2.87)(P<0.05). The self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores of the patients in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group after treatment (0.54±0.89) decreased significantly when compared with those before treatment (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in clinical therapeutic effect between both groups (P=0.0812>0.05). The obvious curative rate in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group (75.58%) was significantly superior to that in the drug group (49.77%) (P=0.0382<0.05). The Asberg side effect rating scale (SERS) score in the drug group after treatment (6.11±2.06) was significantly higher than that in the Mongolian medical warm acupuncture group (4.15±1.98) (P<0.05).
Conclusion Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has therapeutical effect on insomnia accompanied with depression and Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has better therapeutical effect and fewer side effects than trazodone. Mongolian medical warm acupuncture has certain sedative-hypnotic and anti-depressive effects applies to insomnia accompanied with suppression.