bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving roles of faculty at an emerging hybrid competency‐based transdisciplinary program
Authors: Ashby Iryna , Caskurlu Secil , Exter Marisa 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundFaculty is inseparable from the design and implementation of competency‐based programs. Yet prior research on competency‐based education (CBE) has mainly focused on program design and implementation, paying less attention to the faculty roles and perception of their involvement.AimsThis paper explores faculty perceptions of their own roles relating to the design and the pilot semester implementation of a new competency‐based transdisciplinary program at a large Midwest research‐intensive university.MethodsUsing a phenomenological approach, we conducted semistructured interviews with faculty involved in the program design and implementation of the pilot semester in this program (n = 7) to gain an understanding of the varied demands and expectations, as well as their perceptions of such roles in the context of the program.ResultsOur findings showed a variety of faculty functions pertaining to their roles within our CBE environment. The faculty interviewed also tended to be actively engaged in terms of student onboarding, motivation, and encouragement, particularly earlier in the semester. Facilitation of students’ learning and competency attainment at the prescribed level of mastery led to the need for ongoing review and feedback of students’ work, and a higher workload than a traditional course. Yet, the faculty had positive responses to the program and their work, which in part may relate to their early buy‐in into the program as part of their collaboration on the program design.Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Acute interstitial nephritis: a multifaceted disease
Authors: Chamarthi Gajapathiraju , Kamboj Mayanka , Olaoye Olanrewaju A. , Zeng Xu , Koratala Abhilash 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageDrug‐induced acute interstitial nephritis is an important cause of unexplained acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients. It can present with nonspecific clinical features, and renal biopsy should be considered for definitive diagnosis. Removal of the offending agent along with early initiation of corticosteroid therapy is the mainstay of treatment.
Suppurative thyroiditis
Authors: Singla Mandeep , Gaba Saurabh , Bhinder Kanwar 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageAcute bacterial suppurative thyroiditis is an infrequent but life‐threatening medical emergency. It needs to be considered in a patient with painful thyroid enlargement. Therapy consists of appropriate antibiotics and drainage of abscess. The disease may prove fatal if diagnosis and treatment are delayed.
Bile cast nephropathy in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma – a case report
Authors: Kritmetapak Kittrawee , Sathidatekoonchorn Thanatarn , Papanrueng Weerapat 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageBile cast nephropathy is characterized by the presence of bile casts associated with renal failure and/or proximal tubulopathy in cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia. The clinician should carefully examine the urine samples for characteristic bile‐stained granular casts in suspected case.
Bilateral ovarian masses with different histopathology in each ovary
Authors: Baradwan Saeed , Alalyani Haneen , Baradwan Amira , Baradwan Afnan , Al‐Ghamdi Maram , Alnemari Jameel , Al‐Jaroudi Dania 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe document the rare occurrence of multiple primary benign lesions that can occur in bilateral ovarian masses with benign imaging appearances and tumor markers. In addition, this case report contributes important information that may aid physicians in guiding their patients to make optimal clinical decisions together.
A Biomimetic Synthetic Receptor Selectively Recognising Fucose in Water
Authors: Francesconi Oscar , Martinucci Marco , Badii Lorenzo , Nativi Cristina , Roelens Stefano 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbohydrate recognition in water by biomimetic receptors is an attractive, but very challenging goal. Despite advances achieved in glucose recognition, little or no success has been obtained in the recognition of other saccharidic epitopes of paramount importance in biological processes. Herein, the unprecedented recognition of fucose in water by an artificial receptor that shows affinities closely comparable to those of several lectins is reported. The receptor has been constructed by assembling a hydrogen‐bonding element (carbazole), a hydrophobic aromatic moiety (anthracene), and a water‐solubilising function (phosphonate) into a macrocyclic structure to provide the appropriate binding geometry. The described receptor binds fucose with sub‐millimolar affinity in water at physiological pH; this shows that enthalpic binding can be ascribed to hydrogen bonding to saccharidic hydroxy groups and to CH−π interactions between the sugar backbone and aromatic moieties. Experimental NOE contacts coupled to conformational search calculations return a picture of a binding site in which fucose assumes a staggered orientation reminiscent of that shown by fucose when bound to the Ralstonia solanacearum lectin (RSL).
New Possibilities to Design Biogenic Calcite Particles. Influence of Cultivation Parameters and Purification on Coccolith Properties
Authors: Jakob Ioanna , Posten Clemens , Chairopoulou Makrina , Scholl Sarita , Vučak Marijan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoccolithen sind mikrostrukturierte Calcitpartikeln, die von Mikroalgen in der Natur produziert werden. Ihre komplex strukturierte Morphologie und enge Partikelgrößenverteilung unterscheidet sie von synthetischen Partikeln und macht sie interessant für verschiedenste Anwendungsgebiete. Coccolithen können nicht künstlich hergestellt werden und müssen deshalb durch Kultivierung gewonnen werden. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass die Eigenschaften von Coccolithen nicht starr sind. Die Variation der Prozessparameter, Medienkomposition und Aufreinigungsstrategie ermöglicht bestimmte Eigenschaften von Coccolithen zu verändern. Dazu gehören die chemische Zusammensetzung, der Anteil von organischem Material und der Oberflächencharakter. Dadurch können Coccolithen zukünftig ihrem potenziellen Einsatzgebiet angepasst werden.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of NADH and Lactate Dehydrogenase Using Thermostable DT‐Diaphorase Immobilized on Electrode
Authors: Kang Juyeon , Shin Jeonghwa , Yang Haesik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of NADH, NADH‐dependent enzymes, and relevant metabolites requires a redox enzyme along with an electron mediator. Preferably, the redox enzyme should be immobilized on electrode rather than dissolved in solution. In this study, to simply immobilize a redox enzyme on electrode and maintain its enzymatic activity for long time, thermostable DT‐diaphorase (DT‐D) is immobilized on an avidin‐modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Electrochemical‐enzymatic (EN) redox cycling involving ITO electrode, ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH), DT‐D, and NADH is employed for NADH detection. Electrochemical‐enzymatic‐enzymatic (ENN) redox cycling involving ITO electrode, FcMeOH, DT‐D, NAD+, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate is employed for LDH detection. In both cases, a new combination of a redox enzyme and an electron mediator (DT‐D and FcMeOH) is used. The detection limits for NADH and LDH in artificial serum obtained without an incubation period are approximately 0.2 μM and 8 ng/mL, respectively. When an incubation period of 10 min is employed, the detection limit for LDH is approximately 5 ng/mL. Because the ENN redox cycling is very fast, the two detection limits are similar irrespective of incubation period. The enzymatic activity of DT‐D on ITO electrode is maintained for one month without deactivation.
Effect of low thermal pasteurization in combination with carvacrol on color, antioxidant capacity, phenolic and vitamin C contents of fruit juices
Authors: Tchuenchieu Alex , Essia Ngang Jean‐Justin , Servais Marjorie , Dermience Michael , Sado Kamdem Sylvain , Etoa François‐Xavier , Sindic Marianne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMild thermal treatment in combination with natural antimicrobials has been described as an alternative to conventional pasteurization to ensure fruit juices safety. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been undertaken to evaluate what could be its effect on their color and nutritional value. This study therefore aimed at assessing how a low thermal pasteurization in combination with carvacrol could affect these parameters, with orange, pineapple, and watermelon juices as selected fruit juices. The experimental design used had levels ranging from 50 to 90°C, 0 to 60 μl/L, and 0 to 40 min for temperature, concentration of carvacrol supplemented, and treatment length, respectively. The only supplementation of fruit juices with carvacrol did not affect their color. In comparison with high thermal pasteurization (>70°C), a combined treatment at mild temperatures (50–70°C) better preserved their color, antioxidant capacity (AOC), and vitamin C content, and increased their total phenolic content (TPC). Globally, carvacrol supplementation had a positive impact on the TPC of thermally treated juices and increased the AOC of treated watermelon juice, which was the lowest of the three fruit juices. Mild heat treatment in combination with natural antimicrobials like carvacrol is therefore an alternative to limit the negative effects of conventional pasteurization on fruit juices quality.
Hybodont dentition from the Upper Jurassic of Monte Nerone Pelagic Carbonate Platform (Umbria‐Marche Apennine, Italy) and its ecological implications
Authors: Citton Paolo , Fabbi Simone , Cipriani Angelo , Jansen Maren , Romano Marco 
Published: March 2018

Here we describe a number of articulated teeth of a hybodont shark from Upper Jurassic deposits of the Monte Nerone Pelagic Carbonate Platform, in the Umbria‐Marche‐Sabina Palaeogeographic Domain (Northern Apennines, Central Italy). The material has been referred to asAsteracanthuscf.A. magnus, a quite well‐known taxon already reported from Middle to Upper Jurassic deposits of Europe. Teeth indicate an extreme crushing feeding behaviour, suggesting as putative prey both infaunal and epifaunal hard‐shelled invertebrates dwelling the sea‐floor, such as large bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods as well as vagile crustaceans. The finding represents, to date, the first formal report of hybodont shark in the Umbria‐Marche‐Sabina Domain, throwing further light on the ecology within Pelagic Carbonate Platform settings, and on the occurrence ofAsteracanthusin the Late Jurassic of the Western Tethys.
High‐throughput multipesticides residue analysis in earthworms by the improvement of purification method: Development and application of magnetic Fe3O4‐SiO2 nanoparticles based dispersive solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Sun Yuhan , Qi Peipei , Cang Tao , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Xiangyun , Yang Xuewei , Wang Lidong , Xu Xiahong , Wang Qiang , Wang Xinquan , Zhao Changshan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs a key representative organism, earthworms can directly illustrate the influence of pesticides on environmental organisms in soil ecosystems. The present work aimed to develop a high‐throughput multipesticides residue analytical method for earthworms using solid–liquid extraction with acetonitrile as the solvent and magnetic material‐based dispersive solid‐phase extraction for purification. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with a thin silica layer to form Fe3O4‐SiO2 nanoparticles, which were fully characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The Fe3O4‐SiO2 nanoparticles were used as the separation media in dispersive solid‐phase extraction with primary secondary amine and ZrO2 as the cleanup adsorbents to eliminate matrix interferences. The amounts of nanoparticles and adsorbents were optimized for the simultaneous determination of 44 pesticides and six metabolites in earthworms by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The method performance was systematically validated with satisfactory results. The limits of quantification were 20 μg/kg for all analytes studied, while the recoveries of the target analytes ranged from 65.1 to 127% with relative standard deviation values lower than 15.0%. The developed method was subsequently utilized to explore the bioaccumulation of bitertanol in earthworms exposed to contaminated soil, verifying its feasibility for real sample analysis.
Association of common candidate variants with vascular malformations and intracranial hemorrhage in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Pawlikowska Ludmila , Nelson Jeffrey , Guo Diana E. , McCulloch Charles E. , Lawton Michael T. , Kim Helen , Faughnan Marie E. ,   the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Investigator Group
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is caused by mutations in TGFβ/BMP9 pathway genes and characterized by vascular malformations (VM) including arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in lung, liver, and brain, which lead to severe complications including intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) from brain VM. The clinical heterogeneity of HHT suggests a role for genetic modifier effects. Common variants in loci that modify phenotype severity in Tgfb knockout mice were previously reported as associated with lung AVM in HHT. Common variants in candidate genes were reported as associated with sporadic brain AVM and/or ICH. We investigated whether these variants are associated with HHT organ VM or with ICH from brain VM in 752 Caucasian HHT patients enrolled by the Brian Vascular Malformation Consortium.MethodsWe genotyped 11 candidate variants: four variants reported as associated with lung AVM in HHT (PTPN14 rs2936018, USH2A rs700024, ADAM17 rs12474540, rs10495565), and seven variants reported as associated with sporadic BAVM or ICH (APOE ε2, ANGPTL4 rs11672433, EPHB4 rs314308, IL6 rs1800795, IL1B rs1143627, ITGB8 rs10486391, TNFA rs361525). Association of genotype with any VM, lung AVM, liver VM, brain VM or brain VM ICH was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and family clustering.ResultsNone of the 11 variants was significantly associated with any phenotype. There was a trend toward association of USH2A rs700024 with ICH (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.13–6.80, p = .026).ConclusionWe did not replicate previously reported associations with HHT lung AVM and variants in Tgfb modifier loci. We also did not find significant associations between variants reported in sporadic brain AVM and VM or ICH in HHT.
Cherenkov radiation‐based three‐dimensional position‐sensitive PET detector: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Ota Ryosuke , Yamada Ryoko , Moriya Takahiro , Hasegawa Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2018

PurposeCherenkov radiation has recently received attention due to its prompt emission phenomenon, which has the potential to improve the timing performance of radiation detectors dedicated to positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, a Cherenkov‐based three‐dimensional (3D) position‐sensitive radiation detector was proposed, which is composed of a monolithic lead fluoride (PbF2) crystal and a photodetector array of which the signals can be readout independently.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the performance of the proposed detector. The position‐ and time resolution were evaluated under various practical conditions. The radiator size and various properties of the photodetector, e.g., readout pitch and single photon timing resolution (SPTR), were parameterized. The single photon time response of the photodetector was assumed to be a single Gaussian for the simplification. The photo detection efficiency of the photodetector was ideally 100% for all wavelengths. Compton scattering was included in simulations, but partly analyzed. To estimate the position at which a γ‐ray interacted in the Cherenkov radiator, the center‐of‐gravity (COG) method was employed. In addition, to estimate the depth‐of‐interaction (DOI) principal component analysis (PCA), which is a multivariate analysis method and has been used to identify the patterns in data, was employed. The time–space distribution of Cherenkov photons was quantified to perform PCA. To evaluate coincidence time resolution (CTR), the time difference of two independent γ‐ray events was calculated. The detection time was defined as the first photon time after the SPTR of the photodetector was taken into account.ResultsThe position resolution on the photodetector plane could be estimated with high accuracy, by using a small number of Cherenkov photons. Moreover, PCA showed an ability to estimate the DOI. The position resolution heavily depends on the pitch of the photodetector array and the radiator thickness. If the readout pitch were ideally 0 and practically 3 mm, a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 0.348 and 1.92 mm was achievable with a 10‐mm‐thick PbF2 crystal, respectively. Furthermore, first‐order correlation could be observed between the primary principal component and the true DOI. To obtain a coincidence timing resolution better than 100‐ps FWHM with a 20‐mm‐thick PbF2 crystal, a photodetector with SPTR of better than σ = 30 ps was necessary.ConclusionsFrom these results, the improvement of SPTR allows us to achieve CTR better than 100‐ps FWHM, even in the case where a 20‐mm‐thick radiator is used. Our proposed detector has the potential to estimate the 3D interaction position of γ‐rays in the radiator, using only time and space information of Cherenkov photons.
Muscle echogenicity ratio can indicate severity of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Park Dong Yoon , Kang Seok , Jeong Jin Seok , Yoon Joon Shik 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the echogenicity (EI) ratio of the thenar to hypothenar muscle measured using ultrasonography in assessing the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Fifty‐nine hands of 30 patients electrodiagnostically confirmed as having CTS were classified into 3 subgroups (mild, moderate, and severe). The EI of the thenar and hypothenar muscles was measured with ultrasonography, and the EI ratio was calculated in the patients and 13 normal participants (26 hands). Results: The average EI ratio was higher in the CTS group than in the control group. We also found a positive correlation between the severity of CTS and a high EI ratio measured with ultrasonography. Discussion: The EI ratio of the thenar to hypothenar muscle is a useful parameter that can indicate the severity of CTS. Muscle Nerve 58: 304–306, 2018
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Nitroguanidine Propellant under Different Pressures
Authors: Zhang Fen , Liu Zhi‐Tao , Du Ping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThermal decomposition of a nitroguanidine‐based propellant at different pressures was investigated under non‐isothermal conditions by high‐pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC). It was found that only one visible exothermic peak appeared in DSC curves at the pressure. With the increase of the environment pressure, the peak temperature decreased, and the decomposition heat increased. Application of elevated pressures changed the mechanism of thermal decomposition of the nitroguanidine propellant as compared with that at 0.1 MPa. The reaction followed the sigmoidal model, where n=0.97 (0.1 MPa), or n=0.96 (high pressures). The mechanism of the process at 0.1 MPa can be classified as chemical reaction, and the kinetic equation can be
; whereas at high pressures, it shifts to nucleation and growth, with
at 2 MPa and
at 4 MPa. Pressure increase lowered the decrease in critical temperature, and lowered entropy of activation (ΔS≠), enthalpy of activation (ΔH≠), free energy of activation (ΔG≠), as well as the thermal safety of the nitroguanidine propellant.
Regeneration mechanisms in Syllidae (Annelida)
Authors: Ribeiro Rannyele P. , Bleidorn Christoph , Aguado M. Teresa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSyllidae is one of the most species‐rich groups within Annelida, with a wide variety of reproductive modes and different regenerative processes. Syllids have striking ability to regenerate their body anteriorly and posteriorly, which in many species is redeployed during sexual (schizogamy) and asexual (fission) reproduction. This review summarizes the available data on regeneration in syllids, covering descriptions of regenerative mechanisms in different species as well as regeneration in relation to reproductive modes. Our survey shows that posterior regeneration is widely distributed in syllids, whereas anterior regeneration is limited in most of the species, excepting those reproducing by fission. The latter reproductive mode is well known for a few species belonging to Autolytinae, Eusyllinae, and Syllinae. Patterns of fission areas have been studied in these animals. Deviations of the regular regeneration pattern or aberrant forms such as bifurcated animals or individuals with multiple heads have been reported for several species. Some of these aberrations show a deviation of the bilateral symmetry and antero‐posterior axis, which, interestingly, can also be observed in the regular branching body pattern of some species of syllids.
Substituted Acene Derivatives: Synthesis, Optical Property and Self‐assembly Behavior
Authors: Liang Zhihua , Zhai Guixia , Fan Yanwei , Wang Shifa , Xiao Jinchong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel twistacene 11,12‐dichloro‐9,14‐diphenyldibenzo [de, qr]tetracene (TPyC) has been synthesized in one pot through classical Diels‐Alder cycloaddition reaction and fully characterized. Its analogues TPyO, TPyS, TPyF and TPyB were re‐prepared through the reported methods. All of them emitted blue fluorescence in toluene solution. The self‐assembly properties based on the as‐prepared molecules were examined in detail by re‐precipitation method, suggesting that the terminal substituents, temperature and solvent could affect the aggregation morphology in large part.
Studies on Fluorescence Quenching of DBSA‐PANI‐Employing Nitroaromatics.
Authors: Lakshmidevi Venkatappa , Yelamaggad Chennabasaveshwara V. , Venkataraman Abbaraju 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOwing to their high selectivity and excellent sensitivity, fluorescence‐based sensors have continued to receive increasing attention.In particular, fluorescence techniques for sensing explosives, the high energy materials, with the aid of inexpensive and feasible ingredients have become a centre of attraction in recent years.However, the development of such economically viable and reliant materials has remained highly elusive. Herein we report such a novel fluorescent sensor namely, dodecylbenzene‐sulfonic acid (DBSA)‐doped polyaniline (PANI), which recognizes the presence of nitroaromatic (NAC) explosives, such as 2,4,6‐trinitro phenol (picric acid)(PA), 1,3‐dinitrobenzene (DNB) and nitrobenzene (NB), in solutions at lower concentrations. This is the first demonstration of its kind where the fluorescent polyaniline is shown to facilitate the detection of NACs by oxidative fluorescence quenching phenomenon. The fluoroscence quenching of DBSA‐PANI by NACs has been carried out using N‐methyl pyrrolidone and quenching efficiency has been estimated by Stern−Volmer equation. Especially, the DBSA‐PANI system turns out to be a promising fluorescent probe for the detection of phenolic nitro‐explosive (PA) with high sensitivity and a high Stern Volmer constant. The quenching phenomenon, where DBSA‐PANI and NACs interact intensively via intermolecular π‐π interactions, involves a photo induced electron‐transfer process that has been evidenced by spectroscopic and redox studies.