bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free Aerosol Deposition for Highly Luminescent and Thermally Stable Perovskite‐Ceramic Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Kim Sunghoon , Cho Myung‐Yeon , Kim Ik‐Soo , Kim Won‐Jung , Park Sung‐Han , Baek Seungmin , Oh Jong‐Min , Kim Sang‐Wook 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLuminescent perovskite structure has been used in a polymer‐encapsulated form for display applications. However, insulating polymers as a host matrix are intrinsically vulnerable to thermal stresses which cause softening distortion or deterioration in thermoplastic polymers. Here, nanostructured CsPbBr3/Al2O3 composite film is developed by aerosol deposition method. At first, CsPbBr3/Al2O3 composite powders with bright and saturated green emission are synthesized. Then, the ceramic composite powder comprising monoclinic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals supported on submicron α‐Al2O3 particles is successfully transformed to a film‐type by aerosol deposition, which enables a nonsolvent‐induced process at room temperature. The deposited films show a pure green spectrum with a narrow full width at half maximum of 17 nm, high long‐term stability at 150 °C for over 20 d, and an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 8%–15%. In general, inorganic films are known to have difficulty with flexibility and patterns. However, the deposited film can be employed in useful applications such as down‐converting materials for an LCD backlight with a wide‐color gamut of 89.2% in Rec. 2020, highly flexible ceramic composite films, multilayer films, patterning of surfaces for an advanced color filter array, and deposition on curved substrates toward diverse display fields.
Water‐Soluble Organic Dyes as Molecular Photocatalysts for H2O2 Evolution
Authors: Gryszel Maciej , Rybakiewicz Renata , Głowacki Eric Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide via oxygen reduction is a critical component of emerging sustainable energy conversion concepts. Light‐absorbing semiconductors as well as electrodes modified with sensitizers typically catalyze oxygen photoreduction to hydrogen peroxide. Here, it is reported that, in contrast to these heterogeneous systems, a homogeneous solution of a metal‐free organic dye can perform the whole catalytic cycle of hydrogen peroxide photoevolution itself. This cycle can proceed with simultaneous oxidation of various organic molecules as electron donors, or even water. In the three water‐soluble dyes that are experimented with, photoevolution of peroxide occurs favorably at neutral to basic pH. The reaction is first order with respect to dye concentration, and evidence implicates a single‐electron reduction pathway with superoxide as an intermediate. Photostability of the dyes over time correlates with increased oxidation potential of the molecule. The finding that hydrogen peroxide can be produced in aqueous solution with single fully organic molecules performing the entire photocatalytic cycle creates a new avenue for the peroxide carbon free energy cycle.
Speech difficulties and patient health communication mediating effects on worry and health‐related quality of life in children, adolescents, and young adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Varni James W. , Nutakki Kavitha , Swigonski Nancy L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective was to investigate the serial mediating effects of speech difficulties, patient health communication, and disease‐specific worry in the relationship between neurofibromatosis (NF) symptoms (pain and skin symptoms) and total generic health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in children, adolescents, and young adults with NF Type 1 (NF1) from the patient perspective. The Speech, Communication, Worry, Pain, Skin Itch Bother, and Skin Sensations Scales from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) NF1 Module and the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales were completed in a multi‐site national study by 305 patients ages 5–25 years. A serial multiple mediator model analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized sequential mediating effects of speech difficulties, health communication, and worry as intervening variables in the association between NF1 symptoms and HRQOL. Symptoms predictive effects on total generic HRQOL were serially mediated by speech difficulties, patient health communication, and worry. In predictive analytics models utilizing hierarchical multiple regression analyses with age and gender demographic covariates, the pain, skin itch bother, and skin sensations multiple mediator models accounted for 61%, 59%, and 56% of the variance in generic HRQOL (p < .001), reflecting large effect sizes. Speech difficulties, patient health communication, and disease‐specific worry explain in part the mechanism of symptoms predictive effects on total generic HRQOL in pediatric patients with NF1. Identifying NF1‐specific predictors and serial mediators of total generic HRQOL in pediatric patients with NF1 from the patient perspective enables a patient‐centered comprehensive care approach for children, adolescents, and young adults with NF1.
A comparative study of gut microbiomes in captive nocturnal strepsirrhines
Authors: Bornbusch Sally L. , Greene Lydia K. , McKenney Erin A. , Volkoff Savannah J. , Midani Firas S. , Joseph Gail , Gerhard William A. , Iloghalu Uchenna , Granek Joshua , Gunsch Claudia K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFeeding strategy and diet are increasingly recognized for their roles in governing primate gut microbiome (GMB) composition. Whereas feeding strategy reflects evolutionary adaptations to a host's environment, diet is a more proximate measure of food intake. Host phylogeny, which is intertwined with feeding strategy, is an additional, and often confounding factor that shapes GMBs across host lineages. Nocturnal strepsirrhines are an intriguing and underutilized group in which to examine the links between these three factors and GMB composition. Here, we compare GMB composition in four species of captive, nocturnal strepsirrhines with varying feeding strategies and phylogenetic relationships, but nearly identical diets. We use 16S rRNA sequences to determine gut bacterial composition. Despite similar husbandry conditions, including diet, we find that GMB composition varies significantly across host species and is linked to host feeding strategy and phylogeny. The GMBs of the omnivorous and the frugivorous species were significantly more diverse than were those of the insectivorous and exudativorous species. Across all hosts, GMBs were enriched for bacterial taxa associated with the macronutrient resources linked to the host's respective feeding strategy. Ultimately, the reported variation in microbiome composition suggests that the impacts of captivity and concurrent diet do not overshadow patterns of feeding strategy and phylogeny. As our understanding of primate GMBs progresses, populations of captive primates can provide insight into the evolution of host‐microbe relationships, as well as inform future captive management protocols that enhance primate health and conservation.
Water Docking Bias in [4]Helicene
Authors: Domingos Sérgio R. , Martin Kévin , Avarvari Narcis , Schnell Melanie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report on the one‐ and two‐water clusters of [4]helicene, the smallest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a helical sense, which were captured in the gas phase using high‐resolution rotational spectroscopy. The structures of the complexes are unambiguously revealed using microwave spectra of isotopically enriched species. In the one‐water cluster, the apparent splitting pattern is consistent with a tunneling motion that encompasses an exchange of strongly and weakly bonded water hydrogens. This motion is “locked” in the two‐water cluster. The relevant intermolecular contacts, symmetry, and aromaticity effects are unveiled for the microsolvated chiral topologies. These observations entail the first glance at the structures and internal dynamics of the water binding motifs of a chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Emerging Electron Microscopy Techniques for Probing Functional Interfaces in Energy Materials
Authors: Zachman Michael J. , Hachtel Jordan A. , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Chi Miaofang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterfaces play a fundamental role in many areas of chemistry. However, their localized nature requires characterization techniques with high spatial resolution in order to fully understand their structure and properties. State‐of‐the‐art atomic resolution or in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy are indispensable tools for characterizing the local structure and chemistry of materials with single‐atom resolution, but they are not able to measure many properties that dictate function, such as vibrational modes or charge transfer, and are limited to room‐temperature samples containing no liquids. Here, we outline emerging electron microscopy techniques that are allowing these limitations to be overcome and highlight several recent studies that were enabled by these techniques. We then provide a vision for how these techniques can be paired with each other and with in situ methods to deliver new insights into the static and dynamic behavior of functional interfaces.
Water: How Does It Influence the CaCO3 Formation?
Authors: Du Huachuan , Amstad Esther 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNature produces biomineral‐based materials with a fascinating set of properties using only a limited number of elements. This set of properties is obtained by closely controlling the structure and local composition of the biominerals. We are far from achieving the same degree of control over the properties of synthetic biomineral‐based composites. One reason for this inferior control is our incomplete understanding of the influence of the synthesis conditions and additives on the structure and composition of the forming biominerals. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the influence of synthesis conditions and additives during different formation stages of CaCO3, one of the most abundant biominerals, on the structure, composition, and properties of the resulting CaCO3 crystals. In addition, we summarize currently known means to tune these parameters. Throughout the Review, we put special emphasis on the role of water in mediating the formation of CaCO3 and thereby influencing its structure and properties, an often overlooked aspect that is of high relevance.
Highly porous protein‐based 3D scaffolds with different collagen concentrates for potential application in tissue engineering
Authors: Perez‐Puyana V. M. , Jiménez‐Rosado M. , Romero A. , Guerrero A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDifferent researchers have developed protein‐based scaffolds for tissue engineering, although few of them have combined their development with previous characterization of the raw material used. The main objective of this work was to characterize four Type I collagen protein concentrates from different sources (pork HI95, pork T95, turkey, and fish) and study their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Thus, the chemical and amino acid composition, protein solubility, and Z‐potential of the different concentrates were analyzed in the pH range between 2 and 12. In addition, the mechanical and structural properties of the different scaffolds were compared. The initial characterization of the four concentrates shows similarities, such as a typical amino acid profile and an isoelectric point between pH 5 and 6. In fact, differences based on composition, namely, systems with higher protein concentration, results in more deformable scaffolds, whereas the ones processed from fish collagen, with a higher glycine percentage, shows the highest porosity and pore sizes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47954.
Talking about autism—thoughts for researchers
Authors: Robison John Elder 
Published: May 2019

At the 2019 strategic planning meeting the International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) board discussed the question of appropriate language to be used when speaking or writing about autism or affected individuals. Board members articulated a wide range of views on this subject, making clear that there is no single simple answer. This commentary was inspired by that discussion. It is by John Elder Robison who is both an INSAR board member and an individual diagnosed with autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1004–1006. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryHow should researchers talk about autism? Personal reflections on writing and speaking about autism, with particular regard for affected individuals, be they autistic people, people with autism, or family members. This commentary is authored by John Elder Robison who is both an INSAR board member and an individual diagnosed with autism.
Human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit apoptosis of granulosa cells induced by IRE1α pathway in autoimmune POF mice
Authors: Li Hongxing , Zhao Wei , Wang Li , Luo Qianqian , Yin Na , Lu Xueyan , Hou Yun , Cui Jingjing , Zhang Hongqin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the ovarian failure in autoimmune‐induced premature ovarian failure (POF) mice could be improved by the transplantation of human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs); however, the protective mechanism of hPMSCs transplantation on ovarian dysfunction remains unclear. Ovarian dysfunction is closely related to the apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). To determine the effects of hPMSCs transplantation on GCs apoptosis, an autoimmune POF mice model was established with zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) peptide. It is reported that the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and its downstream molecules play a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced apoptosis pathway. So the aim of this study is to investigate whether hPMSCs transplantation attenuated GCs apoptosis via inhibiting ER stress IRE1α signaling pathway. The ovarian dysfunction, follicular dysplasia, and GCs apoptosis were observed in the POF mice. And the IRE1α pathway was activated in ovaries of POF mice, as demonstrated by, increased X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1), up‐regulated 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) and caspase‐12. Following transplantation of hPMSCs, the ovarian structure and function were significantly improved in POF mice. In addition, the GCs apoptosis was obviously attenuated and IRE1α pathway was significantly inhibited. Transplantation of hPMSCs suppressed GCs apoptosis‐induced by ER stress IRE1α signaling pathway in POF mice, which might contribute to the hPMSCs transplantation‐mediating ovarian function recovery.
Photoenzymatic Hydroxylation of Ethylbenzene Catalyzed by Unspecific Peroxygenase: Origin of Enzyme Inactivation and the Impact of Light Intensity and Temperature
Authors: Burek Bastien O. , de Boer Sabrina R. , Tieves Florian , Zhang Wuyuan , van Schie Morten , Bormann Sebastian , Alcalde Miguel , Holtmann Dirk , Hollmann Frank , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Bloh Jonathan Z. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotoenzymatic cascades can be used for selective oxygenation of C−H‐Bonds under mild conditions circumventing the hydrogen peroxide mediated peroxygenase inactivation via in situ H2O2 generation. Here, we report the “on demand” production of hydrogen peroxide via methanol assisted reduction of molecular oxygen using UV‐illuminated titanium dioxide (Aeroxide P25) combined with the enantioselective hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to (R)‐1‐phenylethanole catalyzed by the Unspecific Peroxygenase from Agrocybe Aegerita. For the application of the system it is important to understand the influence of the reaction parameters to be able to optimize the system. Therefore, we systematically investigated product formation and enzyme inactivation as well as ROS formation (H2O2, .OH and .O2−) applying different light intensities and temperatures. As a result, Turnover Numbers up to 220 000, photonic efficiencies up to 13.6 % and production rates up to 0.9 mM h−1 were achieved.
Synthesis of Phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes by 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ)‐Promoted Cyclo‐Oxidation
Authors: Gao Han , Connors David M. , Goroff Nancy S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new method to prepare phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes has been developed. In the presence of triflic acid, 3,4‐diaryl thiophenes undergo 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ)‐promoted cyclo‐oxidation. NMR and computational studies indicate that protonation of the thiophene plays a key role in this reaction. The reaction can be used to prepare phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophene, as well as derivatives with alkyl, bromo, and methoxy substituents. However, the yields and selectivity of the reaction depend on both the nature and location of the substituents. Bis(3‐methoxyphenyl)thiophene reacts under these conditions to give the desired product in 57 % yield, while bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)thiophene gives no product. Bis(3‐bromophenyl)thiophene did not react, but cyclo‐oxidation of bis(4‐bromophenyl)thiophene provides the desired product in 34 % yield.
The Renewable and Sustainable Conversion of Chitin into a Chiral Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Sheath Nanofiber for Enantioselective Adsorption
Authors: Nguyen Hoang‐Linh , Ju Sungbin , Hao Lam Tan , Tran Thang Hong , Cha Hyun Gil , Cha Yoon Jeong , Park Jeyoung , Hwang Sung Yeon , Yoon Dong Ki , Hwang Dong Soo , Oh Dongyeop X. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWell‐known hard‐template methods for nitrogen (N)‐doped chiral carbon nanomaterials require complicated construction and removal of the template, high‐temperature pyrolysis, harsh chemical treatments, and additional N‐doping processes. If naturally occurring chiral nematic chitin nanostructures [(C8H13NO5)n] in exoskeletons were wholly transformed into an N‐doped carbon, this would be an efficient and sustainable method to obtain a useful chiral nanomaterial. Here, a simple, sacrificial‐template‐free, and environmentally mild method was developed to produce an N‐doped chiral nematic carbon‐sheath nanofibril hydrogel with a surface area >300 m2 g−1 and enantioselective properties from renewable chitin biomass. Calcium‐saturated methanol physically exfoliated bulk chitin and produced a chiral nematic nanofibril hydrogel. Hydrothermal treatment of the chiral chitin hydrogel at 190 °C produced an N‐doped chiral carbon‐sheath nanofibril hydrogel without N‐doping. This material preferentially adsorbed d‐lactic acid over l‐lactic acid and produced 16.3 % enantiomeric excess of l‐lactic acid from a racemic mixture.
Comparative proteomics analysis of microvesicles in human serum for the evaluation of osteoporosis
Authors: Huo Chunhui , Li Yinghua , Qiao Zhi , Shang Zhi , Cao Chengxi , Hong Yang , Xiao Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is an emerging health issue worldwide. Due to the decrease of bone mineral density and the deterioration of skeletal microarchitecture, osteoporosis could lead to increased bone fragility and higher fracture risk. Since lack of specific symptoms, novel serum proteomic indicators are urgently needed for the evaluation of osteoporosis. Microvesicles (MVs) are important messengers widely present in body fluids and have emerged as novel targets for the diagnosis of multiple diseases. In this study, MVs were successfully isolated from human serum and comprehensively characterized. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed differential MVs protein profiling in normal subjects, osteopenia patients, and osteoporosis patients. In total, about 200 proteins were identified and quantified from serum MVs, among which 19 proteins were upregulated (fold change >2) and five proteins were downregulated (fold change <0.5) in osteopenia group and osteoporosis group when compared with the normal group. Three protein candidates were selected for initial verification, including Vinculin, Filamin A, and Profilin 1. Profilin 1 was further pre‐validated in an independent sample set, which could differentiate osteoporosis group from osteopenia group and normal group (p < 0.05). Our data collectively demonstrate that serum MVs proteome can be valuable indicators for the evaluation and diagnostics of bone loss disease.
Effects of variable injection rate on reservoir responses and implications for CO2 storage in saline aquifers
Authors: Li Cai , Maggi Federico , Zhang Keni , Guo Chaobin , Gan Yixiang , El‐Zein Abbas , Pan Zhejun , Shen Luming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPast reservoir simulations of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in saline aquifers have shown that the injection procedure can influence CO2 storage efficiency and injectivity. To investigate the influence of injection rate and timing on reservoir dynamics and storage performance, scenarios of continuous and intermittent injections were devised for storing 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year for 30 years and were assessed through numerical simulations on saline aquifers constructed with real field data. Our results show that almost all the intermittent injections need higher injection pressure than the constant injection for the same targeted amount of CO2. Only one intermittent injection showed the potential to have a lower injection pressure than the constant injection. The injectivity for the constant injection consistently declines over the years, while the intermittent injections result in an injectivity above a reference value for some years, with the number of years that maintain the injectivity linearly increasing with the length of the injection break. The injectivity for an intermittent injection peaks a few years later after the injection starts. Intermittent injections improve the residual and solubility trapping by up to 15% only in the first few years of injection, but the differences in trapping efficiencies among all the injections are within a few percent in the long term. Therefore, the intermittent injections would be useful for a CO2 storage project to make the best use of a reservoir in 5–10 years under the injection pressure restrictions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metacognition in Chemistry Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Lavi Rea , Shwartz Gabriella , Dori Yehudit Judy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetacognition, or ′thinking about thinking′, can improve scientific literacy and practices. It involves knowledge of cognition, i. e., being cognisant of one‘s knowledge, and regulation of cognition, i. e., consciously controlling the process of knowledge acquisition. A self‐regulated learner can assimilate new knowledge, conduct inquiry, solve problems and plan ahead his or her learning. While studies have been conducted on metacognition in chemistry education, none have included detailed assignments covering a range of metacognitive strategies. Our review of studies on metacognition in chemistry secondary and higher education also includes also several exemplary assignments on the energy topic for facilitating and assessing metacognition in high school classrooms. We use metacognitive prompts and the construct of chemistry understanding levels, macroscopic, microscopic, symbol, and process, as an approach for metacognitive intervention. Finally, we provide recommendations for educators and a rubric for researchers.