bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Process-Based Assessment of CMIP5 Rainfall in the Congo Basin: The September–November Rainy Season
Authors: Creese A. , Washington R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCongo basin September–November rainfall varies by up to a factor of 3 across CMIP5 coupled models. The severe lack of observational data in this region makes model evaluation difficult using standard techniques. This study uses a process-based assessment to evaluate the plausibility of mechanisms related to coupled model rainfall in September–November. Models tend to simulate a rainfall maximum in either the west or east of the basin. In most months, western Congo rainfall is positively correlated with eastern Congo rainfall across models, as relatively wet models are often wetter everywhere; however, in August–November this correlation becomes insignificant, suggesting that processes relating to rainfall differences in each subdomain are distinct. Composite analysis of wet and dry models in each subdomain suggests that the tropical eastern Atlantic SST bias helps differentiate between models in the west: wetter models tend to have a larger (~1°–2°C) and more equatorward SST bias, higher evaporation over the ocean, and higher local convection. In the east, rainfall differences between models are related to more remote SST differences, including cold South Atlantic and warm eastern Indian Ocean SSTs. Wetter models exhibit stronger westerly flow across the tropical eastern Atlantic, as part of an enhanced equatorial zonal overturning cell. Dry models in the east feature a stronger and more equatorward northerly component of the midlevel African easterly jet, which may contribute to suppressed convection over the domain. This assessment casts doubt on the credibility of models that are very wet in the west of the Congo basin and have a large Atlantic SST bias.
Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Intensity over the Western North Pacific Using the IBTrACS Dataset
Authors: Zhong Quanjia , Li Jianping , Zhang Lifeng , Ding Ruiqiang , Li Baosheng 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The predictability limits of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity over the western North Pacific (WNP) are investigated using TC best track data. The results show that the predictability limit of the TC minimum central pressure (MCP) is ~102 h, comparable to that of the TC maximum sustained wind (MSW). The spatial distribution of the predictability limit of the TC MCP over the WNP is similar to that of the TC MSW, and both gradually decrease from the eastern WNP (EWNP) to the South China Sea (SCS). The predictability limits of the TC MCP and MSW are relatively high over the southeastern WNP where the modified accumulated cyclone energy (MACE) is relatively large, whereas they are relatively low over the SCS where the MACE is relatively small. The spatial patterns of the TC lifetime and the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) are similar to that of the TC MACE. Strong and long-lived TCs, which have relatively long predictability, mainly form in the southwestern WNP. In contrast, weak and short-lived TCs, which have relatively short predictability, mainly form in the SCS. In addition to the dependence of the predictability limit on genesis location, the predictability limits of TC intensity also evolve in the TC life cycle. The predictability limit of the TC MCP (MSW) gradually decreases from 102 (108) h at genesis time (00 h) to 54 (84) h 4 days after TC genesis.
Hearing Preservation After Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Excision: Audiometry and Electrocochleography Results
Authors: Akakpo Kenneth , Riggs William J. , Harris Michael S. , Dodson Edward E 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: To describe a case of inadvertent hearing preservation following a classical translabyrinthine resection of a vestibular schwannoma of the internal auditory canal in an otherwise healthy patient. Methods: Herein, we describe the case of an otherwise healthy patient who underwent resection of an intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma via a translabyrinthine approach. Furthermore, as part of an ongoing study aimed at characterizing hearing changes due to intraoperative events, cochlear hair cell and nerve activity were monitored using electrocochleography throughout surgery. Unexpectedly, the patient maintained serviceable hearing following surgery. As a result, we are able to provide electrophysiologic evidence of cochlear hair cell activity at various stages of this surgery. Results: Hair cell responses across tested frequencies were detectable prior to and following completion of the translabyrinthine procedure. Neural integrity of the auditory division of cranial nerve VIII was maintained throughout. Lastly, postoperative audiometric testing supported the patient’s subjective assertion of serviceable hearing in the surgical ear. Conclusion: Our results suggest that some degree of hair cell and neural integrity can be maintained throughout the course of the translabyrinthine approach, and if preservation of the auditory division of cranial nerve VIII is feasible, a functional amount of hearing preservation is attainable.
Correlation between symptoms and functioning in psychiatric patients and temporal patterns of medication refills derived from pharmacy prescription claims
Authors: Ermes Miikka , Vuorinen Anna-Leena , Schrader Geoffrey , Bidargaddi Niranjan 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Pharmacy dispensing claims data provide longitudinal records of prescriptions and refill events. Previous studies in psychiatric patients have utilised these data to derive indicators of medication adherence based on information regarding the amount of medication supplied and its dosage. An alternative approach was developed in which the regularity of medication refill events was analysed as a potential indicator of psychiatric patient symptoms and functioning. Methods: A method to quantify the regularity of medication refills was developed and subsequently used to investigate how the resulting regularity index (RI), derived from retrospective prescription refill records, correlated with symptomatic and functional assessments of 89 psychiatric patients after adjusting for covariates. Results: A two-step hierarchical regression model indicated that variances explained by prior hospitalisation and the RI were significant for patient scores on the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), standard beta value 0.22, p < 0.05, for the SF-12 MC, standard beta value −0.31, p < 0.01, and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), standard beta value 0.31, p < 0.01. Conclusions: This method to quantify the regularity of medication refills using prescription supply date alone may provide valuable information about patients’ symptoms and functioning.
Number of Unused Medications at the Time of Last Admission: A Prospective Observational Study in a Single Palliative Care Unit
Authors: Omae Takahito , Yotani Nobuyuki , Sakashita Akihiro , Kizawa Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2018

Background: Unused medications (UM) are an important issue, with the waste associated with UM a burden to the health-care system. The aims of this study were to clarify the amount and costs of UM in patients with advanced cancer at the time of their last admission to a palliative care unit and to explore the factors contributing to the cost of UM and how patients dealt with UM. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in single palliative care unit. Unused medications were classified into 6 categories and the number and cost of UM by category calculated per patient. Patients were classified into 2 cost groups (high and low) based on the total cost of UM, and the number and cost of UM by category were compared between these 2 groups. Results: Of 194 consecutive hospitalized patients, data were analyzed for 90. The mean number and cost of UM per patient was 440 and US$301, respectively. Opioids accounted for 47% of the cost of UM. Comparing costs by UM category, the proportion of opioids (51% vs 21%; P < .0001) and oral anticancer drugs (14% vs 3%; P = .02) was higher in the high- than in the low-cost group. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the estimated annual waste cost of UM for patients with cancer who died in Japan was approximately US$110 million. Interventions to educate patients regarding UM and to eliminate barriers to opioid use may help reduce the cost of UM, particularly opioids and anticancer drugs.
The development of consonant and lexical-tone discrimination between 3 and 6 years: Effect of language exposure
Authors: Cabrera Laurianne , Bijeljac-Babic Ranka , Bertoncini Josiane 
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectives: The present study explored children’s discrimination capacities for lexical tones and consonants between 3 and 6 years of age and the effect of native language on this ability. Recent studies in infants have shown a perceptual rebound for non-native listeners during the second year of life, but only for lexical tones. However, the later stages of development, and particularly when children start pre-school, are yet not clear. Design: Discrimination abilities of 134 children were measured in three age groups between 3 and 6 years using a behavioural task where children detected a change in lexical tones or consonants. Children were either French monolinguals, French bilinguals exposed to an Asian tone language or French bilinguals exposed to a second non-tone language at home. Data and analysis: Overall, results indicated that higher detection scores for consonants were observed from 4 to 5 years, while for lexical tones the highest scores were observed only at 5–6 years. Moreover, bilingual children exposed to an Asian tone language had higher scores for tones compared to monolingual French children. Interestingly, both bilingual groups, whether exposed to an Asian tone language or to a non-tone language, had better scores for tones than for French consonants, while monolinguals performed equally with both. Conclusions: Language exposure from an early age influences phonological development and bilingualism seems to enhance the perception of prosodic information. Originality: This study is the first to show a different developmental trajectory for consonant and lexical-tone discrimination between 3 and 6 years according to the native language. Significance: Similar detection scores for tones and consonants for monolingual French children and better detection for tones than for consonants for both groups of bilinguals suggest that the perception of lexical tone is determined by both language-specific influences and non-linguistic/auditory processing during childhood.
Parkinson's disease‐associated protein Parkin: an unusual player in cancer
Authors: Liu Juan , Zhang Cen , Hu Wenwei , Feng Zhaohui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe mutation of the Parkin gene is a cause of familial Parkinson's disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that Parkin also functions as a tumor suppressor. Parkin is an ubiquitin E3 ligase, and plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes implicated in tumorigenesis, including cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, mitophagy and metabolic reprogramming. Here we review the role and mechanism of Parkin in cancer.
EED, a member of the polycomb group, is required for nephron differentiation and the maintenance of nephron progenitor cells
Authors: Zhang Le , Ettou Sandrine , Khalid Myda , Taglienti Mary , Jain Dhawal , Jung Youngsook L. , Seager Catherine , Liu Yongqing , Ng Kar-Hui , Park Peter J. , Kreidberg Jordan A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has a crucial role allowing for the self-renewal and differentiation of stem and progenitor populations during organogenesis. The mammalian kidney maintains a population of self-renewing stem cells that differentiate to give rise to thousands of nephrons, which are the functional units that carry out filtration to maintain physiological homeostasis. The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) epigenetically represses gene expression during development by placing the H3K27me3 mark on histone H3 at promoter and enhancer sites, resulting in gene silencing. To understand the role of PRC2 in nephron differentiation, we conditionally inactivated the Eed gene, which encodes a nonredundant component of the PRC2 complex, in nephron progenitor cells. Resultant kidneys were smaller and showed premature loss of progenitor cells. The progenitors in Eed mutant mice that were induced to differentiate did not develop into properly formed nephrons. Lhx1, normally expressed in the renal vesicle, was overexpressed in kidneys of Eed mutant mice. Thus, PRC2 has a crucial role in suppressing the expression of genes that maintain the progenitor state, allowing nephron differentiation to proceed.
Third-generation in situ hybridization chain reaction: multiplexed, quantitative, sensitive, versatile, robust
Authors: Choi Harry M. T. , Schwarzkopf Maayan , Fornace Mark E. , Acharya Aneesh , Artavanis Georgios , Stegmaier Johannes , Cunha Alexandre , Pierce Niles A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
In situ hybridization based on the mechanism of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has addressed multi-decade challenges that impeded imaging of mRNA expression in diverse organisms, offering a unique combination of multiplexing, quantitation, sensitivity, resolution and versatility. Here, with third-generation in situ HCR, we augment these capabilities using probes and amplifiers that combine to provide automatic background suppression throughout the protocol, ensuring that reagents will not generate amplified background even if they bind non-specifically within the sample. Automatic background suppression dramatically enhances performance and robustness, combining the benefits of a higher signal-to-background ratio with the convenience of using unoptimized probe sets for new targets and organisms. In situ HCR v3.0 enables three multiplexed quantitative analysis modes: (1) qHCR imaging – analog mRNA relative quantitation with subcellular resolution in the anatomical context of whole-mount vertebrate embryos; (2) qHCR flow cytometry – analog mRNA relative quantitation for high-throughput expression profiling of mammalian and bacterial cells; and (3) dHCR imaging – digital mRNA absolute quantitation via single-molecule imaging in thick autofluorescent samples.
Unconventional protein secretion – new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of human diseases
Authors: Kim Jiyoon , Gee Heon Yung , Lee Min Goo 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Most secretory proteins travel through a well-documented conventional secretion pathway involving the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex. However, recently, it has been shown that a significant number of proteins reach the plasma membrane or extracellular space via unconventional routes. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) can be divided into two types: (i) the extracellular secretion of cytosolic proteins that do not bear a signal peptide (i.e. leaderless proteins) and (ii) the cell-surface trafficking of signal-peptide-containing transmembrane proteins via a route that bypasses the Golgi. Understanding the UPS pathways is not only important for elucidating the mechanisms of intracellular trafficking pathways but also has important ramifications for human health, because many of the proteins that are unconventionally secreted by mammalian cells and microorganisms are associated with human diseases, ranging from common inflammatory diseases to the lethal genetic disease of cystic fibrosis. Therefore, it is timely and appropriate to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of UPS involvement in disease pathogenesis, as they may be of use for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this Review, we discuss the intracellular trafficking pathways of UPS cargos, particularly those related to human diseases. We also outline the disease mechanisms and the therapeutic potentials of new strategies for treating UPS-associated diseases.
PENSANDO COM IMAGENS NA/DA DIFERENÇA PARA UMA SOCIEDADE DO COMPARTILHAMENTO
Authors: De Medeiros Cristiano Sant'Anna 
Published: June 2018

Partindo das premissas dos estudos nos/dos/com os cotidianos, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo pensar com imagens compartilhadas por estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, do Colégio Estadual Abdias Nascimento, em Nova Iguaçu, Baixada Fluminense/RJ, as noções de diferença tecidas com essa prática em suas articulações com as narrativas que engendraram. As imagens em questão foram compartilhadas na rede social da internet Facebook, em páginas correspondentes a grupos criados para este fim, denominados #Diferença e que operaram como dispositivo de pesquisa-intervenção, situando-se em um contexto que enunciamos como “sociedade do compartilhamento”. Buscamos pensar com fragmentos das redes de significações tecidas no momento em que eram compostas, problematizando conceitos, representações, dogmas e rupturas em relação a perspectivas tradicionais e hegemônicas da noção de diferença. As imagens, acompanhadas de suas narrativas/análises, nos deram pistas para pensar nos múltiplos atravessamentos e bricolagens entre imagens e ideias de diferença que são criadas e circulam nas múltiplas redes educativas e que engendram os processos curriculares nos cotidianos das escolas.
Massive Open Online Courses : Hype and Hope
Authors: Gul Sumeer , Mahajan Iram , Shafiq Huma , Shafi Muzamil , Shah Tariq Ahmad 
Published: June 2018

<p>The study identifies various issues and challenges faced by massive open online courses (MOOCs) while offering open online courses to vast number of learners. An exhaustive review of literature was taken up to carry out the study. The article reviewed the, issues and challenges faced by MOOCs. MOOC also provides an opportunity to groom the intellectual capacities of people at mass level. The initiative has removed all the barriers of time and space which is much evident in traditional educational system by offering courses at the doorstep of learners. To make universal education dream come true, there is a need to look at apprehensions which researchers have identified in the existing online learning environment. </p>
Andragogical Knowledge of Educators Working with Adults
Authors: KARABACAK Serap 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to measure the level of
andragogical knowledge of educators working with adults in the public education
centers.The datas of the work are obtained from 592 educator that are working
in public education centers in eleven provinces of Turkey by using the likert
type scale.The scale which is devoloped by the author is formed from the
androgogical knowledge and behavior expressions.As a result of the research,ıt
was found that ,educators working with adults had general knowledge about adult
education, but they have not been able to apply their knowledge of adult
education from time to time.Educators are likely to continue their formal
education habits,despite having worked with adults that they are continueing
their pedagogical behaviour,There is a low awareness of the educational effects
of the self-perception of the learners and it is determined that ,adults are
aware that their experience is important ,but they arent sure which experience
is appropriate to share in the
educational setting.In the pedagogical period, it is discovered that the
attitude of the teacher which is provided by teacher in the educational
environment is stil continuing.
Asam Salisilat sebagai Penginduksi Ketahanan Tanaman Padi terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
Authors: Leiwakabessy Christoffol , Sinaga Meity Suradji , Mutaqin Kikin Hamzah , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas , Giyanto Giyanto 
Published: June 2018

The use of salicylic acid as resistance inducers agents in several plants species was well known. Salicylic acid has been believed to play an important role in inducing resistance against some pathogen. This research was aimed to study the role and effectiveness of salicylic acid as inducers for the resistance of some rice variety against bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized factorial design with three factors i.e. rice variety, salicylic acid, and pathotypes, each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that salicylic acid could prolong the latent period of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes IV and VIII in paddy rice varieties Conde and Ciherang, induce the resistance of rice varieties as well as reducing the rate of infection of the two mentioned pathotypes. Salicylic acid was also able to induce the resistance of Conde and Ciherang varieties in order to suppress area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes IV and VIII.
Restricted averaging operators to cones over finite fields
Authors: Koh Doowon , Shen Chun-Yen , Yeom Seongjun 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We investigate the sharp

L
p

→

L
r

{L^{p}\to L^{r}}

estimates for the restricted averaging operator

A
C

{A_{C}}

over the cone C of the d-dimensional vector space

𝔽
q
d

{\mathbb{F}_{q}^{d}}

over the finite field

𝔽
q

{\mathbb{F}_{q}}

with q elements.
The restricted averaging operator

A
C

{A_{C}}

for the cone C is defined by the relation

A
C

⁢
f

=

f
∗
σ

|

C

{A_{C}f=f\ast\sigma|_{C}}

, where σ denotes the normalized surface measure on the cone C, and f is a complex-valued function on the space

𝔽
q
d

{\mathbb{F}_{q}^{d}}

with the normalized counting measure dx.
In the previous work [D. Koh, C.-Y. Shen and I. Shparlinski,
Averaging operators over homogeneous varieties over finite fields,
J. Geom. Anal. 26 2016, 2, 1415–1441], the sharp boundedness of

A
C

{A_{C}}

was obtained in odd dimensions

d
≥
3

{d\geq 3}

, but only partial results were given in even dimensions

d
≥
4

{d\geq 4}

.
In this paper we prove the optimal estimates in even dimensions

d
≥
6

{d\geq 6}

in the case when the cone

C
⊂

𝔽
q
d

{C\subset\mathbb{F}_{q}^{d}}

contains a

d
/
2

{{d/2}}

-dimensional subspace.
Liver blood dynamics after bariatric surgery: the effects of mixed-meal test and incretin infusions
Authors: Honka Henri , Koffert Jukka , Kauhanen Saila , Kudomi Nobuyuki , Hurme Saija , Mari Andrea , Lindqvist Andreas , Wierup Nils , Parkkola Riitta , Groop Leif , Nuutila Pirjo 
Published: June 2018

Aims/hypothesis
The mechanisms for improved glycemic control after bariatric surgery in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully known. We hypothesized that dynamic hepatic blood responses to a mixed-meal are changed after bariatric surgery in parallel with an improvement in glucose tolerance.

Methods
A total of ten morbidly obese subjects with T2D were recruited to receive a mixed-meal and a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) infusion before and early after (within a median of less than three months) bariatric surgery, and hepatic blood flow and volume (HBV) were measured repeatedly with combined positron emission tomography/MRI. Ten lean non-diabetic individuals served as controls.

Results
Bariatric surgery leads to a significant decrease in weight, accompanied with an improved β-cell function and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion, and a reduction in liver volume. Blood flow in portal vein (PV) was increased by 1.65-fold (P = 0.026) in response to a mixed-meal in subjects after surgery, while HBV decreased in all groups (P < 0.001). When the effect of GIP infusion was tested separately, no change in hepatic arterial and PV flow was observed, but HBV decreased as seen during the mixed-meal test.

Conclusions/interpretation
Early after bariatric surgery, PV flow response to a mixed-meal is augmented, improving digestion and nutrient absorption. GIP influences the post-prandial reduction in HBV thereby diverting blood to the extrahepatic sites.