bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk of dialysis therapy within 30 days after contrast enhanced computed tomography in patients coded with chronic kidney disease: a nation-wide, population-based study
Authors: Shih Yun-Ju , Kuo Yu-Ting , Ho Chung-Han , Wu Chia-Chun , Ko Ching-Chung 
Published: September 2019

Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered at risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury and possible subsequent need for dialysis therapy. Computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly performed examination requiring intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) injection. The actual risk of dialysis in CKD patients undergoing CT with ICM remains controversial. Furthermore, it is also uncertain whether these at-risk patients can be identified by means of administrative data. Our study is conducted in order to determine the incidence and risk of dialysis within 30 days after undergoing contrast enhanced CT in CKD coded patients.

Methods
This longitudinal, nation-wide, populated-based study is carried out by analyzing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database retrospectively. Patients coded under the diagnosis of CKD who underwent CT are identified within randomly selected one million subjects of the database. From January 2012 to December 2013, 487 patients had undergone CT with ICM. A total of 924 patients who underwent CT without ICM are selected as the control group. Patients with advanced CKD or intensive care unit (ICU) admissions are assigned to the subgroups for analysis. The primary outcome is measured by dialysis events within 30 days after undergoing CT scans. The cumulative incidence is assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The risk of 30-day dialysis relative to the control group is analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline comorbidities.

Results
The numbers and percentages of dialysis events within 30 days after undergoing CT scans are 20 (4.1%) in the CT with ICM group and 66 (7.1%) in the CT without ICM group (p = 0.03). However, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for 30-day dialysis was 0.84 (95% CI [0.46–1.54], p = 0.57), which is statistically non-significant. In both advanced CKD and ICU admission subgroups, there are also no significant differences in 30-day dialysis risks with the aHR of 1.12 (95% CI [0.38–3.33], p = 0.83) and 0.95 (95% CI [0.44–2.05], p = 0.90), respectively.

Conclusions
Within 30 days of receiving contrast-enhanced CT scans, 4.1% of CKD coded patients required dialysis, which appear to be lower compared with subjects who received non-contrast CT scans. However, no statistically significant difference is observed after adjustments are made for other baseline conditions. Thereby, the application of administrative data to identify patients with CKD cannot be viewed as a risk factor for the necessity to undergo dialysis within 30 days of receiving contrast-enhanced CT scans.
Unexpected gap creating two peaks in the periods of planets of metal‐rich sunlike single stars
Authors: Taylor Stuart F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe pileup of planets at periods of roughly 1 year and beyond is actually a bimodal peak with a wide, sharp gap splitting the peak of the pileup in a major population of large planets. Consisting of nearly 40% of planets with periods past 200 days, the periods of the planets of metal‐rich stars like the sun in surface gravity, which do not have a stellar companion, show two strong peaks separated by a sparsely populated region. Monte Carlo tests show that this structure is unlikely to occur in random distributions, and a comparison with objects from all the other populations shows that this feature is unlikely to be due to observational effects. The peaks have their highest density next to the gap. These two peaks are most strongly seen in single‐planet systems, though the gap persists in multiple planet systems. These features are likely characteristics of planets with masses not too much lower than Jupiter, and perhaps not too much higher. The presence of well‐defined features in the period distribution shows that planet formation may be much more uniform than previously expected.
Effect of the addition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts on the rheological, textural, and antioxidant activity of fermented milks
Authors: Su Nana , Ye Ziyang , Li Jinglei , Yang Liuqing , Hou Guohua , Ye Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study aims to evaluate the rheological, textural, and antioxidant activity of fermented milks with the addition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts at concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% (CFM, RFM1, RFM2, and RFM3). The chemical composition of the fermented milks, including crude protein, fat, ash, total solids and non‐fat solids, were also determined. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) detected 42, 46, 47, and 49 kinds of volatile flavour compounds in CFM, RFM1, RFM2, and RFM3, respectively. The antioxidant activity of fermented milks was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant power and scavenging capacities for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals during 28 days of refrigerated storage. The results of this study are of great significance to improve the understanding and application of roselle extracts in the food industry. Both roselle and fermented milk are beneficial to human health, with many biological activities, such as antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, liver‐protecting, and antihypertensive properties; however, no attention has been paid to the combined effects of roselle and fermented milks. The study created a novel fermented milk and the results indicate that 0.3% roselle extracts can play the most important role in affecting the rheological, textural properties, and antioxidant activity of fermented milks, so this modification of fermented milk shows promise for potential application in the food industry.
Selective Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde to Benzyl Alcohol Over Alumina Supported Gold
Authors: Hao Yufen , Pischetola Chiara , Cárdenas-Lizana Fernando , Keane Mark A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report for the first time 100% benzyl alcohol yield from the liquid phase (T = 353 K,P = 9 bar) hydrogenation of benzaldehyde over Au/Al2O3. Under the same reaction conditions, a benchmark Pt/Al2O3catalyst promoted the formation of toluene and benzene as hydrogenolysis by-products. Reaction kinetics was subjected to a Hammett treatment and the reaction constant (ρ = 0.9) was found to be consistent with a nucleophilic mechanism. A solvent (alcohol, water and alcohol + water) effect is demonstrated and ascribed to competitive adsorption where solvation by polar (water) facilitates benzaldehyde activation.Graphic Abstract
Application of artificial intelligence to estimate phycocyanin pigment concentration using water quality data: a comparative study
Authors: Heddam Salim , Sanikhani Hadi , Kisi Ozgur 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the present investigation, the usefulness and capabilities of four artificial intelligence (AI) models, namely feedforward neural networks (FFNNs), gene expression programming (GEP), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with grid partition (ANFIS-GP) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with subtractive clustering (ANFIS-SC), were investigated in an attempt to evaluate their predictive ability of the phycocyanin pigment concentration (PC) using data from two stations operated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Four water quality parameters, namely temperature, pH, specific conductance and dissolved oxygen, were utilized for PC concentration estimation. The four models were evaluated using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute errors (MAEs) and correlation coefficient (R). The results showed that the ANFIS-SC provided more accurate predictions in comparison with ANFIS-GP, GEP and FFNN for both stations. For USGS 06892350 station, the R, RMSE and MAE values in the test phase for ANFIS-SC were 0.955, 0.205 μg/L and 0.148 μg/L, respectively. Similarly, for USGS 14211720 station, the R, RMSE and MAE values in the test phase for ANFIS-SC, respectively, were 0.950, 0.050 μg/L and 0.031 μg/L. Also, using several combinations of the input variables, the results showed that the ANFIS-SC having only temperature and pH as inputs provided good accuracy, with R, RMSE and MAE values in the test phase, respectively, equal to 0.917, 0.275 μg/L and 0.200 μg/L for USGS 06892350 station. This study proved that artificial intelligence models are good and powerful tools for predicting PC concentration using only water quality variables as predictors.
Relative Body Weight and Standardised Brightness-Mode Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat in Athletes: An International Multicentre Reliability Study, Under the Auspices of the IOC Medical Commission
Authors: Müller Wolfram , Fürhapter-Rieger Alfred , Ahammer Helmut , Lohman Timothy G. , Meyer Nanna L. , Sardinha Luis B. , Stewart Arthur D. , Maughan Ronald J. , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Müller Tom , Harris Margaret , Kirihennedige Nuwanee , Magalhaes Joao P. , Melo Xavier , Pirstinger Wolfram , Reguant-Closa Alba , Risoul-Salas Vanessa , Ackland Timothy R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionFat is a metabolic fuel, but excess body fat is ballast mass, and therefore, many elite athletes reduce body fat to dangerously low levels. Uncompressed subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness measured by brightness-mode ultrasound (US) provides an estimate of body fat content.MethodsThe accuracy for determining tissue borders is about 0.1–0.2 mm and reliability (experienced measurers) was within ± 1.4 mm (95% limit of agreement, LOA). We present here inter- and intra-measurer scores of three experienced US measurers from each of the centres C1 and C2, and of three novice measurers from each of the centres C3–C5. Each of the five centres measured 16 competitive adult athletes of national or international level, except for one centre where the number was 12. The following sports were included: artistic gymnastics, judo, pentathlon, power lifting, rowing, kayak, soccer, tennis, rugby, basketball, field hockey, water polo, volleyball, American football, triathlon, swimming, cycling, long-distance running, mid-distance running, hurdles, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, and ice hockey. SAT contour was detected semi-automatically: typically, 100 thicknesses of SAT at a given site (i.e., in a given image), with and without fibrous structures, were measured.ResultsAt SAT thickness sums DI(of eight standardised sites) between 6.0 and 70.0 mm, the LOA of experienced measurers was 1.2 mm, and the intra-class correlation coefficient ICC was 0.998; novice measurers: 3.1 mm and 0.988. Intra-measurer differences were similar. The median DIvalue of all 39 female participants was 51 mm (11% fibrous structures) compared to 17 mm (18%) in the 37 male participants.DiscussionDImeasurement accuracy and precision enables detection of fat mass changes of approximately 0.2 kg. Such reliability has not been reached with any other method. Although females’ median body mass index and mass index were lower than those of males, females’ median DIwas three times higher, and their percentage of fibrous structures was lower. The standardised US method provides a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring SAT and thus changes in body fat, but training of measurers is important.
Ash pollen allergy and aerobiology
Authors: Gassner Markus , Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter , Clot Bernard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Allergy to ash pollen is common in some parts of Europe. Sensitization is overlooked if Oleaceae pollen allergens are not included in screening tests.

Methods
Between 1983 and 2007, sensitization to aeroallergens was systematically investigated using serological methods in 15-year-old school children (Immuno-CAP [carrier polymer] test). Samples from 1986 and 2006 were also tested using the immuno-solid-phase allergen chip (ISAC) assay. School children with sensitizations in 1986 were retested in 2010. Airborne pollen concentrations were determined by the Swiss pollen measuring network.

Results
Sensitization (>0.7 kU/l) to ash pollen (Fraxinus americana t15)—16.3% (102/627)—was more frequent than to birch pollen (Betula verrucosa t3): 15.3% (96/627). ISAC assays performed in children in 1986 and 2006 revealed higher molecular seroprevalence for nOle e 1 (15%; 15/100) compared to rBet v 1 (12%; 12/100). Followed-up subjects (age, 39) showed an increase in sensitizations to ash pollen. IgE levels to pollen from indigenous ash (Fraxinus excelsior t25) were higher than to pollen from American ash (Fraxinus americana t15). Low ash pollen emission levels were recorded at all measuring sites in Switzerland every 2–4 years. The infection of ashes by Chalara fraxinea resulted in increased emission of ash pollen.

Conclusion
Symptoms in individuals sensitized to ash pollen vary according to the pollen count and may be masked by pollen from other trees that flower at the same time of year. Sensitization to ash/Ole e 1 can be higher than to birch/Bet v 1. The determination of IgE to common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is more sensitive than to American ash (Fraxinus americana). Ash dieback due to Chalara appears to increase pollen emission. Allergies to ash pollen can be significantly underestimated due to a failure to (correctly) identify them; they can also be masked by other pollen families (birch). Harmful organisms such as Chalara can intensify pollen emissions at least temporarily.
Big Data and Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare and Research
Authors: Ballantyne Angela , Stewart Cameron 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are established to specifically harness the potential of Big Data in healthcare and can include partners working across the data chain—producing health data, analysing data, using research results or creating value from data. This domain paper will illustrate the challenges that arise when partners from the public and private sector collaborate to share, analyse and use biomedical Big Data. We discuss three specific challenges for PPPs: working within the social licence, public antipathy to the commercialisation of public sector health data, and questions of ownership, both of the data and any resulting intellectual property or products. As a specific example we consider the case of the UK National Health Service (NHS) providing patient data to Google’s DeepMind AI program to develop a diagnostic app for kidney disease. This article is an application of the framework presented in this issue of ABR (Xafis et al. 2019). Please refer to that article for more information on how this framework is to be used, including a full explanation of the key values involved and the balancing approach used in the case study at the end. We use four specific values to help analysis these issues: public benefit, stewardship, transparency and engagement. We demonstrate how the Deliberative Framework can support ethical governance of PPPs involving biomedical big data.
Non-linear flow modelling of a Martian Lobate Debris Apron
Authors: Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Hvidberg Christine Schøtt , Kim Jung Rack , Karlsson Nanna Bjørnholt 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Martian mid-latitudes contain numerous small water-ice deposits, collectively termed viscous flow features (VFFs). The shape and topography of the deposits contain information on their past flow history and formation process. In order to access this information, it is imperative to get information on their deformational properties. Here we use a high-resolution digital topography map and ice-penetrating radar data in combination with an inverse method to constrain the deformational properties of a lobate debris apron, a class of VFF, in the southern hemisphere of Mars. We find that while the creep parameter and accumulation rates are not well constrained in absolute values, their ratio is robust. We also find that the creep exponent is most likely n ≤ 3.
Spectral reflectance behavior of different boreal snow types
Authors: Hannula Henna-Reetta , Pulliainen Jouni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpectral reflectance of natural snow samples representing various stratigraphies was investigated in a controlled dark laboratory environment. Mean and Std dev. of band specific reflectance values were determined for several satellite sensor bands utilized in remote sensing of snow. The reflectance values for dry, moist, wet and wet and littered snow for different instruments varied between 0.63–0.97 in the visible and near-infrared bands at an incoming light zenith angle of θ = 55°. The results indicate that in MODIS band 4 (545–565 nm), essential to snow mapping, the reflectance of snow drops by 9% when dry snow changes to wet snow and by a further 10% when typical forest litter inclusions exist on the wet snow surface. A separate investigation of individual snow types revealed that they can be grouped either as dry or wet snow based on their spectral behavior. However, some snow types were located between these two distinct groups, such as snow with near-surface melt-freeze crusts, and could not be clearly distinguished. The reflectance statistics collected and analyzed here can be directly used to refine accuracy characterization and parametrization of snow mapping algorithms, such as the SCAmod method, used for the mapping of snow cover area.
Iron deficiency in healthy 18-month-old Danish children is associated with no oral iron supplementation in infancy and prolonged exclusive breast-feeding
Authors: Andersen Anh Thao N. , Husby Steffen , Kyhl Henriette B. , Sandberg Maria B. , Sander Stine D. , Mølgaard Christian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFe deficiency (ID) defined as plasma ferritin <12 µg/l is associated with delayed cognitive development in early childhood and increased incidence of infections; however, the longitudinal association between early-life factors and ID in 18-month-old children in Denmark is unknown. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ID and to describe risk factors associated with ID in healthy 18-month-old Danish children. Blood samples, anthropometric measurements and self-reported questionnaire data had been obtained in the birth cohort, Odense Child Cohort. The questionnaires were modified from those used in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Plasma ferritin and C-reactive protein in venous, non-fasting samples were analysed in the final sample size of 370 children after exclusion of seventy-nine children due to chronic disease, acute infection, C-reactive protein >10 mg/l, twin birth or prematurity. Associations with ID were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for sex, maternal education, duration of partial breast-feeding and current intake of milk, fish and meat. Overall, fifty-six children had ID (15·1 %). Factors associated with increased risk were exclusive breast-feeding beyond 4 months (OR 5·97; 95 % CI 1·63, 21·86) and no intake of oral Fe supplements from 6 to 12 months (OR 3·99, 95 % CI 1·33, 11·97. Duration of partial breast-feeding and current diet was not associated with ID. In conclusion, the ID prevalence was 15·1 %, and both exclusive breast-feeding beyond 4 months and no intake of oral Fe supplements from 6 to 12 months were associated with increased risk of ID in 18-month-old children.
Inconsequential Declarations of Unconstitutionality and Unconstitutional Consequential Orders: The Case ofProfessor Stephen Kwaku Asare v Attorney General and General Legal Council
Authors: Asare Stephen Kwaku 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGhana's Supreme Court recently held that the regulator of the legal profession violated the country's constitution when it imposed extralegal admission requirements on LLB degree holders seeking entry to the School of Law. Nevertheless, the court relied on the prospective overruling doctrine to issue consequential orders that allowed the regulator to persist with its unconstitutional actions and left the constitutionally-injured students without a remedy. Judges employ the prospective overruling doctrine when they invalidate prior statutes or precedents while simultaneously limiting the effect of the new rule to future cases. Here, however, the court did not invalidate a statute or a precedent, mooting the issue of the temporal effect of a new rule. Rather, the court found that the regulator's actions had violated the constitution and it misapplied the prospective overruling doctrine to validate the violation. Consequently, the court's consequential orders undermined its declarations of unconstitutionality, rendering the latter inconsequential.
Designing Human-like Behaviors for Anthropomorphic Arm in Humanoid Robot NAO
Authors: Wei Yuan , Zhao Jing 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYHuman-like motion of robots can improve human–robot interaction and increase the efficiency. In this paper, a novel human-like motion planning strategy is proposed to help anthropomorphic arms generate human-like movements accurately. The strategy consists of three parts: movement primitives, Bayesian network (BN), and a novel coupling neural network (CPNN). The movement primitives are used to decouple the human arm movements. The classification of arm movements improves the accuracy of human-like movements. The motion-decision algorithm based on BN is able to predict occurrence probabilities of the motions and choose appropriate mode of motion. Then, a novel CPNN is proposed to solve the inverse kinematics problems of anthropomorphic arms. The CPNN integrates different models into a single network and reflects the features of these models by changing the network structure. Through the strategy, the anthropomorphic arms can generate various human-like movements with satisfactory accuracy. Finally, the availability of the proposed strategy is verified by simulations for the general motion of humanoid NAO.
Back to a future civilization: cities and countryside in the ‘Third Italy’
Authors: Bartolini Francesco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the last three decades of the twentieth century, the relationship between the city and rural areas in central and north-eastern Italy was a much-debated issue particularly with regard to the existence of a macroregion (the ‘Third Italy’) where a new model of economic development was flourishing. Social scientists and politicians stressed the specific territorial organization of the phenomenon, marked by finely integrated urban and rural environments. Even today, this interconnection is sometimes considered in public discourse not only as characteristic of a national Italian identity, but also as a model for more sustainable social organization.