bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrist band photoplethysmography in detection of individual pulses in atrial fibrillation and algorithm-based detection of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Väliaho E -S , Kuoppa P , Lipponen J A , Martikainen T J , Jäntti H , Rissanen T T , Kolk I , Castrén M , Halonen J , Tarvainen M P , Hartikainen J E K 
Published: March 2019

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia and a significant cause of cardioembolic strokes. Atrial fibrillation is often intermittent and asymptomatic making detection a major clinical challenge. We evaluated a photoplethysmography (PPG) wrist band in individual pulse detection in patients with AF and tested the reliability of two commonly used algorithms for AF detection.

Methods and results
A 5-min PPG was recorded from patients with AF or sinus rhythm (SR) with a wrist band and analysed with two AF detection algorithms; AFEvidence and COSEn. Simultaneously registered electrocardiogram served as the golden standard for rhythm analysis and was interpreted by two cardiologists. The study population consisted of 213 (106 AF, 107 SR) patients. The wrist band PPG achieved individual pulse detection with a sensitivity of 91.7 ± 11.2% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.5 ± 4.6% for AF, with a sensitivity of 99.4 ± 1.5% [7.7% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 5.5% to 9.9%); P < 0.001] and PPV of 98.1 ± 4.1% [0.6% (95% CI −0.6% to 1.7%); P = 0.350] for SR. The pulse detection sensitivity was lower 86.7 ± 13.9% with recent-onset AF (AF duration <48 h, n = 43, 40.6%) as compared to late AF (≥48 h, n = 63, 59.4%) with 95.1 ± 7.2% [−8.3% (95% CI −12.9% to −3.7%); P = 0.001]. For the detection of AF from the wrist band PPG, the sensitivities were 96.2%/95.3% and specificity 98.1% with two algorithms.

Conclusion
The wrist band PPG enabled accurate algorithm-based detection of AF with two AF detection algorithms and high individual pulse detection. Algorithms allowed accurate detection of AF from the PPG. A PPG wrist band provides an easy solution for AF screening.
Re-examining access points to the different levels of health care: a cross-sectional series in Austria
Authors: Hoffmann Kathryn , George Aaron , Jirovsky Elena , Dorner Thomas E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
There is high variation in service utilization behaviour, health equity and outcomes among countries based upon the organization of access to primary and secondary care levels. Austria is a country with universal health coverage and access without clear delineation between access to primary and secondary care. The aim of this study was to investigate development of access points to the Austrian system over time and subsequent utilization.

Methods
The databases used were the Austrian Health Interview Surveys 2006/2007 and 2014, including 15 747 and 15 771 persons, respectively. Descriptive analysis of health services utilization behaviour and demographic factors were conducted. Logistic regression models were applied. Furthermore, differences between the two periods are shown.

Result
Utilization of all services assessed was high in 2014 when compared to 2006/2007. Between these periods, a 6–7% increase in use of secondary care services was found. There was a 10.8% increase in access to specialist care services and 4.1% increase in hospital outpatient visits, each without prior General Practitioner (GP) visits. The largest increases were found in those groups that had previously demonstrated the lowest utilization behaviour of accessing specialist consultations and consultations without a prior GP visit.

Conclusion
Despite the lack of change to the health care system or access to care, there was an increase in utilization of secondary care services, with a lower percentage of patients seeking direct GP consultation. This is concerning for systems development, cost containment and quality of care, as it demonstrates a possible trend shifting away from primary care as initial access point.
Sucrose-inducible heterologous expression of phytase in high cell density cultivation of the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea thermomethanolica
Authors: Boonchoo Kriengsak , Puseenam Aekkachai , Kocharin Kanokarn , Tanapongpipat Sutipa , Roongsawang Niran 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
In this study, production of fungal phytase in thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea thermomethanolica TBRC656 employing methanol-inducible OtAOX promoter and sucrose-inducible OtMal promoter was investigated in a high cell density fed-batch fermentation. Although a similar maximum cell concentration was obtained in both expression systems, the OtMal system gave ~2-fold higher phytase activity, specific yield, production yield, volumetric productivity and specific productivity rate compared with the OtAOX system. In addition to being more efficient, the OtMal system is more flexible because sucrose or sugarcane molasses can be utilized as less expensive carbon sources instead of glycerol in batch and fed-batch stages. Phytase yields from the OtMal system produced using sucrose or sugarcane molasses are comparable with those obtained with glycerol. We estimate the cost of phytase production by the OtMal system using sucrose or sugarcane molasses to be ~85% lower than the OtAOX system.
Phenotypic characterization and virulence-related properties of Escherichia albertii strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Brazil
Authors: Lima Mauricio P , Yamamoto Denise , Santos Ana Carolina de Mello , Ooka Tadasuke , Hernandes Rodrigo T , Vieira Mônica A M , Santos Fernanda Fernandes , Silva Rosa Maria , Hayashi Tetsuya , Gomes Tânia A T 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Escherichia albertii are emerging enteropathogens, whose identification is difficult, as they share biochemical characteristics and some virulence-related genes with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). Studies on phylogeny, phenotypic characteristics and potential virulence factors of human E. albertii strains are scarce. In this study, we identified by multiplex PCR five E. albertii among 106 strains isolated from diarrheic children in São Paulo, Brazil, which were previously classified as atypical enteropathogenic E. coli. All strains were investigated regarding their phylogeny, biochemical properties, virulence-related properties, antimicrobial resistance and presence of putative virulence-related genes. All strains belonged to different E. albertii lineages and adhered to and produced attaching and effacing lesions on HeLa cells. Three strains invaded Caco-2 cells, but did not persist intracellularly, and three formed biofilms on polystyrene surfaces. All strains were resistant to few antibiotics and only one carried a self-transmissible resistance plasmid. Finally, among 38 DEC and 18 extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence-related genes searched, six and three were detected, respectively, with paa and cdtB being found in all strains. Despite the limited number of strains, this study provided additional knowledge on human E. albertii virulence potential, showing that they share important virulence factors with DEC and ExPEC.
HPV vaccine, Twitter, and gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men
Authors: Budenz Alexandra , Klassen Ann , Leader Amy , Fisher Kara , Yom-Tov Elad , Massey Philip 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to quantify human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Twitter messaging addressing gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GB+MSM) and describes messaging by vaccine sentiment (attitudes towards vaccine) and characteristics (topic of messaging). Between August 2014 and July 2015, we collected 193 379 HPV-related tweets and classified them by vaccine sentiment and characteristics. We analysed a subsample of tweets containing the terms ‘gay’, ‘bisexual’ and ‘MSM’ (N = 2306), and analysed distributions of sentiment and characteristics using chi-square. HPV-related tweets containing GB+MSM terms occupied 1% of our sample. The subsample had a largely positive vaccine sentiment. However, a proportion of ‘gay’ and ‘bisexual’ tweets did not mention the vaccine, and a proportion of ‘gay’ and ‘MSM’ tweets had a negative sentiment. Topics varied by GB+MSM term—HPV risk messaging was prevalent in ‘bisexual’ (25%) tweets, and HPV transmission through sex/promiscuity messaging was prevalent in ‘gay’ (18%) tweets. Prevention/protection messaging was prevalent only in ‘MSM’ tweets (49%). Although HPV vaccine sentiment was positive in GB+MSM messaging, we identified deficits in the volume of GB+MSM messaging, a lack of focus on vaccination, and a proportion of negative tweets. While HPV vaccine promotion has historically focused on heterosexual HPV transmission, there are opportunities to shape vaccine uptake in GB+MSM through public health agenda setting using social media messaging that increases knowledge and minimizes HPV vaccine stigma. Social media-based HPV vaccine promotion should also address the identities of those at risk to bolster vaccine uptake and reduce the risk of HPV-attributable cancers.
Cancer Treatment-Related Infertility: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Authors: Poorvu Philip D , Frazier A Lindsay , Feraco Angela M , Manley Peter E , Ginsburg Elizabeth S , Laufer Marc R , LaCasce Ann S , Diller Lisa R , Partridge Ann H 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCancer treatments may compromise the fertility of children, adolescents, and young adults, and treatment-related infertility represents an important survivorship issue that should be addressed at diagnosis and in follow-up to ensure optimal decision-making, including consideration of pursuing fertility preservation. Risk of infertility varies substantially with patient and treatment factors. The ability to accurately assess fertility risk for many patients is hampered by limitations of the current literature, including heterogeneity in patient populations, treatments, and outcome measures. In this article, we review and synthesize the available data to estimate fertility risks from modern cancer treatments for both children and adult cancer survivors to enable clinicians to counsel patients about future fertility.
Selling Ghana Greener Pastures: Green Card Entrepreneurs, Visa Lottery, and Mobility
Authors: Goodman Carly Beth 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Since 1994, people in Ghana have eagerly registered for the United States Diversity Visa lottery, an annual program that makes immigrant visas available to residents of countries that historically sent few immigrants to the United States. Although the green card lottery was not created to facilitate immigration from Africa, Ghanaians embraced the lottery enthusiastically. The program dovetailed with the growing popularity of international migration—framed as seeking “greener pastures”—since the country’s adoption of neoliberal economic reforms beginning in the 1980s. In particular, the lottery in Ghana was amplified by urban visa entrepreneurs whose self-interested efforts marketing the program drove demand for diversity visas and related migration services. Examining how and why visa entrepreneurs disseminated information about the lottery and found paying customers eager for assistance, this article historicizes how Ghanaians thought about citizenship, mobility, and their place in the world, illuminating how people navigated structural adjustment and neoliberal logic in Ghana in the 1990s and 2000s. The United States became a prime destination for contingent reasons related to transformations of Ghana’s economy and politics that made permanent emigration more desirable and spurred urban residents to set up and expand small-scale enterprises. In a context of heightened global migration restrictions in the 1990s and 2000s, the visa lottery, a migration program that operated as a game of chance, took root in Ghanaians’ imaginations.
Differences in educational attainment by country of origin: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Parasnis Jaai , Swan Jemma 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study investigates native–migrant differences in engagement in post-school education. Using a longitudinal survey of youth in Australia, we find that immigrants originating from non-English-speaking countries are significantly more likely to continue with further study between the ages of 18 and 23 years. On the other hand, there are no significant differences between immigrants from English-speaking countries and native youth. We find several important factors influencing study decisions, including parents and family background, academic ability, aspirations and age at migration; however, accounting for these factors does not fully explain the higher probability of pursuing higher education for immigrants from non-English-speaking countries. Exploring the country of origin effect, we find that immigrants from countries with low tertiary education levels are more likely to study in Australia, while differences in parental attitudes in their origin countries do not have a significant effect. The results show the importance of country of origin on the study decisions of youth, underlining the impact of migration settings on education of next generation.
A compact jet at the infrared heart of the prototypical low-luminosity AGN in NGC 1052
Authors: Fernández-Ontiveros J A , López-Gonzaga N , Prieto M A , Acosta-Pulido J A , Lopez-Rodriguez E , Asmus D , Tristram K R W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The feeble radiative efficiency characteristic of Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (LLAGNs) is ascribed to a sub-Eddington accretion rate, typically at log (Lbol/Ledd) ≲ −3. At the finest angular resolutions that are attainable nowadays using mid-infrared (mid-IR) interferometry, the prototypical LLAGN in NGC 1052 remains unresolved down to $\lt \!5\, \rm {mas}$ ($0.5\, \rm {pc}$). This is in line with non-thermal emission from a compact jet, a scenario further supported by a number of evidences: the broken power-law shape of the continuum distribution in the radio-to-UV range; the ${\sim } 4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ degree of polarization measured in the nuclear mid-IR continuum, together with the mild optical extinction ($A_V \sim 1\, \rm {mag}$); and the ‘harder when brighter’ behaviour of the X-ray spectrum, indicative of self-Compton synchrotron radiation. A remarkable feature is the steepness of the IR-to-UV core continuum, characterized by a power-law index of ∼2.6, as compared to the canonical value of 0.7. Alternatively, to explain the interferometric data by thermal emission would require an exceptionally compact dust distribution when compared to those observed in nearby AGN, with $A_V \gtrsim 2.8\, \rm {mag}$ to account for the IR polarization. This is in contrast with several observational evidences against a high extinction along the line of sight, including the detection of the nucleus in the UV range and the well-defined shape of the power-law continuum. The case of NGC 1052 shows that compact jets can dominate the nuclear emission in LLAGN across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, a scenario that might be common among this class of active nuclei.
Multiwavelength spectroscopy of the black hole candidate MAXI J1813-095 during its discovery outburst
Authors: Armas Padilla M , Muñoz-Darias T , Sánchez-Sierras J , De Marco B , Jiménez-Ibarra F , Casares J , Corral-Santana J M , Torres M A P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
MAXI J1813-095 is an X-ray transient discovered during an outburst in 2018. We report on X-ray and optical observations obtained during this event, which indicate that the source is a new low-mass X-ray binary. The outburst lasted ∼70 d and peaked at LX(0.5–10 keV) ∼ 7.6 × 1036 erg s−1, assuming a distance of 8 kpc. Swift/XRT follow-up covering the whole activity period shows that the X-ray emission was always dominated by a hard power-law component with a photon index in the range of 1.4–1.7. These values are consistent with MAXI J1813-095 being in the hard state, in agreement with the ∼30 per cent fractional root-mean-square amplitude of the fast variability (0.1–50 Hz) inferred from the only XMM–Newton observation available. The X-ray spectra are well described by a Comptonization emission component plus a soft, thermal component (kT ∼ 0.2 keV), which barely contributes to the total flux (≲8 per cent). The Comptonization y-parameter (∼1.5), together with the low temperature and small contribution of the soft component supports a black hole accretor. We also performed optical spectroscopy using the Very Large Telescope and Gran Telescopio Canarias telescopes during outburst and quiescence, respectively. In both cases, the spectrum lacks emission lines typical of X-ray binaries in outburst. Instead, we detect the Ca ii triplet and H α in absorption. The absence of velocity shifts between the two epochs, as well as the evolution of the H α equivalent width, strongly suggest that the optical emission is dominated by an interloper, likely a G–K star. This favours a distance ≳3 kpc for the X-ray transient.
Intraoperative High Impedance Levels During Placement of Deep Brain Stimulating Electrode
Authors: Lyons Mark K , Neal Matthew T , Patel Naresh P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment for medically refractory Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia. The field of DBS is expanding and techniques are under investigation for the treatment of several neurological disorders. A critical component of the success of these procedures depends significantly on the reliability and durability of devices implanted. Immediate feedback during surgery often gives the surgeon and patient a sense of confidence of long term success. When impedances are found to be elevated during the implantation of the DBS leads, appropriate trouble shooting measures are critical.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
We present a 73-yr-old male undergoing awake subthalamic DBS with microelectrode recordings for severe PD. Once the optimal trajectory and depth were ascertained, the permanent DBS electrode was placed. High impedances were recorded. Troubleshooting procedures were performed and were all negative as to the cause of the values. Correct impedance levels of the DBS electrode was confirmed with extracranial testing, but continued high values were found again with intracranial positioning of the electrode. A postoperative computerized tomography (CT) scan confirmed intracranial air surrounding all of the contacts. The patient went on to outpatient programming with excellent clinical results.

CONCLUSION
The presence of pneumocephalus surrounding the DBS lead contacts at the target nucleus may have accounted for the intraoperative impedance findings. When all troubleshooting checks have not identified an explanation for the high impedances, intraoperative imaging may demonstrate pneumocephalus around the lead contacts, which should resolve and impedances return to normal values.
Non-relativistic and relativistic magnetic reconnection with the effects of optically thin synchrotron cooling
Authors: Takeshige Satoshi , Takahashi Hiroyuki R , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We performed special relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of Petscheck-type magnetic reconnection including an optically thin synchrotron cooling. The magnetization parameter, σ0, which is the ratio of Poynting flux to mass flux in the upstream plasma, is taken to be 0.01 and 3. For the non-relativistic plasma (σ0 = 0.01), the radiative cooling subtracts thermal energy mainly in the upstream plasma and a plasma is strongly compressed at the slow shock. The cooling in the post-shock region and plasmoid also reduces the thermal energy and it forms a narrower outflow. The reconnection rate slightly increases as a result of the radiative cooling, since the plasma beta in the inflow region becomes small. The effect of decreasing thermal energy in the outflow region is more prominent for the relativistic plasma (σ0 = 3). In this case, the outflow temperature increases and the plasma internal energy becomes comparable to the plasma rest mass energy. The subtraction of this thermal energy by radiative cooling leads to a decrease in plasma inertia and the outflows are more accelerated than without radiative cooling. The reconnection rate is also enhanced by its Lorentz contraction effect. For both non-relativistic and relativistic simulations, it is concluded that the reconnection rate is determined by the plasma beta in the inflow region.
Psychosocial Factors in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review of Treatment Trials and Survey Studies
Authors: Kioskli Kitty , Scott Whitney , Winkley Kirsty , Kylakos Stavros , McCracken Lance M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a number of complications that can adversely impact patients’ quality of life. A common and often painful complication is painful diabetic neuropathy. The aims of this study were to systematically review and summarize evidence from studies of psychological treatments and psychosocial factors related to painful diabetic neuropathy and assess the methodological quality of these studies.

Methods
Electronic databases, related reviews, and associated reference lists were searched. Summaries of participants’ data relating to the efficacy of psychological treatments and/or to associations between psychosocial factors and outcomes in painful diabetic neuropathy were extracted from the included studies. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using two standardized quality assessment tools.

Results
From 2,921 potentially relevant titles identified, 27 studies were included in this systematic review. The evidence suggests that depression, anxiety, sleep, and quality of life are the most studied variables in relation to pain outcomes in painful diabetic neuropathy and are consistently associated with pain intensity. The magnitude of the associations ranged from small to large.

Conclusions
Research into psychosocial factors in painful diabetic neuropathy is unexpectedly limited. The available evidence is inconsistent and leaves a number of questions unanswered, particularly with respect to causal associations between variables. The evidence reviewed indicates that depression, anxiety, low quality of life, and poor sleep are associated with pain in painful diabetic neuropathy. The disproportionate lack of research into psychological treatments for painful diabetic neuropathy represents a significant opportunity for future research.
Neuromodulation of the Dorsal Root Ganglion for Chronic Postsurgical Pain
Authors: Antony Ajay B , Schultheis B Carsten , Jolly Suneil M , Bates Daniel , Hunter Corey W , Levy Robert M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to review the available evidence for dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type II (CRPS II; peripheral causalgia) associated with chronic neuropathic postsurgical pain (NPP).DesignAvailable literature was identified through a search of the US National Library of Medicine’s Medline database, PubMed.gov. References from published articles also were reviewed for relevant citations.ResultsThe data published to date support the use of DRG stimulation to treat chronic NPP of the groin, knee, and foot. NPP following procedures such as thoracotomy, hernia surgery, and knee replacement surgery were identified as some of the conditions for which DRG stimulation is likely to be effective.ConclusionDRG stimulation is known to be an effective treatment for focal neuropathic pain. Currently, NPP of the foot, groin, and knee all appear to be the conditions with the most clinical experience, backed by a limited but growing body of evidence. However, prospective studies lag behind real-world clinical experience and are needed to confirm these findings.