bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penegasan Peran Negara dalam Pemenuhan Hak Warga Negara Atas Air
Authors: Kasim Helmi 
Published: October 2018

This writing analyses access to water not merely as a right but as human rights. Since the right to water constitues human rights, then constitutionally, the state, mainly the government, is obliged to respect, fulfil and protect that right. In order that the government can perform its obligation to fulfil the right of citizens to water, the sate should put control of water under the power of the state. Thus, there are two perspectives in fulfilling the rights of citizens to water, human rights perspective and the perspective of state control. From the perspective of human rights, the 1945 Constitution has stipulated the obligation of the state in fulfilling the human rights of citizens including the right to water as stated in Article 28I paragrahp (4). From the perspective of state control over water resources, the 1945 Constitution has also determined constitutional standard as stipulated in Article 33. This concept of state control based on Article 33 has been interpreted by the Constitutional Court in its decisions. Specifically, in the decision concerning the law on water resources, the Court returned control over water to the state. The Court set some limitations on how to utilize water resources. Private corporations are still allowed to participate in water management with strict conditions. The enhancement of this control by the state over water is intended to guarantee the fulfilment of the right of citizens to water. As an idea, monopoly of the state over water resources might be also be considered just like monopoly of state over electricity.
Harapan Baru Atas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air terkait Putusan MK Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Kamala Izzatin 
Published: October 2018

The Decision of Constitutional Court No.85/PUU-XI/2013 (The Decision of CC 2013) has canceled Law No. 7 Year 2004 on Water Resources (Law on WR 2014). The cancellation is a new hope for improving the management of water resources. During the implementation of Law WR 2004, there is mismanagement in the provision of drinking water. This paper has two focus issues, namely: first, how the low responsibility of the state for managing water resources impacts the fulfillment of drinking water for the citizens? Second, how are the improvements of water resources management expected to be realized through the Decision of CC 2013? From the discussion, the author has two conclusions. First, the negligence of the state caused that the role of the state in providing drinking water for the citizens was lost by the role of private sector. For example, a year before judicial review (2012), the number of consumers of drinking water supplied by the national sector in in the counting unit of household level is only the part of 11.79 percent. The number was lost by the supply of private sector covering 38.85 percent of households nationally. Second, the Decision of CC 2013 brings a new hope. Some basic thought are the improvement of state’s responsibility for managing water resources, termination on the private’s monopoly and termination on commercialization of water value.
Rekonstruksi Politik Hukum Pidana Nasional (Telaah Kritis Larangan Analogi dalam Hukum Pidana)
Authors: Tongat Tongat 
Published: October 2018

A paradigm shift in the state of life—especially post the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 amendments—have not been fully understood properly. Up to now—included in the lawless life—is still a gap between the paradigm and its implementation . This paradigmatic gap visible example of the lack of a comprehensive implementation of the basic principles of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 in a national criminal law reform ( draft Code of Criminal Law ) . The draft Code of Criminal Law as one form of national criminal law reform is seen has not fully represent constitution demands. Prohibiting the use of analogy in criminal law is still seen at odds with the provisions of Article 1 ( 3 ) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945. The gap is not only paradigmatic potential to cause difficulties in its application, but also potentially the cancellation clause in the legislation concerned.
Kebebasan Hak Ijtihad Nikah Beda Agama Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Tobroni Faiq 
Published: October 2018

This paper has three key issues. The first issue discusses the arguments constructed by applicant of judicial review (JR) to assess the constitutional rights’ violations caused by the application of Article 2 (1) UUP. The second issue discusses on how the Constitutional Court (MK) seated position of state associated marital affairs in the rejection of JR. The third issue discusses model of freedom of ijtihad (legal thought) on interfaith marriage as the impact of MK’s Decision. Based on the discussion, regarding to the first issue, the applicant of JR assess the application of Article 2 (1) UUP has legitimized the state as the sole interpreters of religious teachings for a requirement validity of the marriage. According to the applicant, the role is used by the state (The Office for Religious Affairs/KUA) to not accept interfaith marriage. This refusal led to the violation of some other constitutional rights. Furthermore, as the findings of the second issue, MK’s decision has placed the real position of state not as interpreters of religious teachings, but merely to accommodate the results of religious scholars’s ijtihad regarding marriage into the state law. Thus, it is not true that the state has violated the constitutional right to more intervene the religious life of citizens. Last findings as the third issue, MK’s decision has affected the model of ijtihad freedom on interfaith marriage. Actually interfaith marriage can still be served through the Civil Registry Office (KCS). KCS could be an alternative way to facilitate the interfaith marriages for all religions in Indonesia. Special for KUA, the institution reject to record interfaith marriage. In this way, it only accommodates freedom of ijtihad within the limits of ijtihad jama’i. KUA just accomodates ijtihad by institutions such as the Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah and other similar institutions that reject interfaith marriage. Special for marriage in muslim community, ijtihad jama’i is better than ijtihad fardiy because the second could trigger the liberalization of marriage laws (temporary marriages, polygamy more than four, underage marriages and denial of recording).
Konstruksi Yuridis Politik Legislasi DPD Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 92/PUU-X/2012
Authors: Arrsa Ria Casmi 
Published: October 2018

The position of Regional Representative Council in the context of the implementation of the legislative function has an important role in order to create the principle of checks and balances between state institutions which include the House of Representatives and the President. Contextually Constitutional Court Decision No. 92/PUU-X/2012 reinforce the DPD position both in terms of national legislation program planning, delivery of opinions, views, list of inventory issues, and discussion of a draft law. Much progress has been achieved but in the political realm seems legislative authority of the DPD is still not perfect when not reached the stage of deciding to join a draft law being discussed. In order to strengthen DPD as part of regional representation, the amendments to the Constitution of 1945 was important to conduct state institutional arrangement holistically and comprehensively.
Pro-Kontra Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menguji Undang-Undang yang Mengatur Eksistensinya
Authors: Lailam Tanto 
Published: October 2018

The Pro’s – Con’s of the Constitutional Court in the review of law in a regulated of the authority, since, it was a conflicting of procedural principles between “ius curia novit” with “nemo judex idoneus in propria causa”. Morever, the background by implication of Constitutional Court decisions, sometimes Constitutional Court making a “rule breaking”, for examples: nullify of some of law if had reduction of the authority, addition of constitutional authority to review of law before the 1945 Constitution amendment, additional authority to review of Government Regulation in lieu of law, and used non-constitution as a standard in the formal review, and others. On the other hand, the Constitutional Court also sometimes to choose a legal logic doesn’t precise and anti-accountability principle. The Conflicts of the procedural principles can be resolved by understanding philosophy of purposes of law (justice value, legal certainly, utility principle), so that, the Court will have been prioritizing to “ius curia novit” principle and it ignored “nemo judex idoneus in propria causa”principle, it is intended that the enforcement of the constitution (values) and the state of the Indonesian rule of law, as well as for the Court to aims decided of constitutional issues and to aim the protection of constitutional rights.
Dinamika Hubungan Antara Pengujian Undang-Undang dengan Pembentukan Undang-Undang
Authors: Utomo Nurrahman Aji 
Published: October 2018

The development and implementation of a relationship leading to the birth of anomalous friction decision Judicial review to collide against the lawmaking function. The absence of a follow-up mechanism to cancel the decision of the norm, led to the birth anomaly judgment. Friction Judicial Review with Law making Function was born in the form of vague and superficial to the lack of follow-up mechanisms. Efforts to reduce the friction between the two of them was done to achieve the ideal relationship between judicial review with lawmaking function.
Hukum dan Keadilan Sosial dalam Perspektif Hukum Ketatanegaraan
Authors: Sumadi Ahmad Fadlil 
Published: October 2018

Law in this discussion is the law that is deliberately formed (by designed) by the state, not the law that occurs naturally in the society, which constitute the crystallization of human interaction within the society as the subject of law. Law is known as the common law or customary law and the second is the religious law, in particular, Islam with its Islamic law. The process of formation of common law or customary law is from the bottom upward (bottom-up process) while the establishment of islamic law is from top to bottom (top-down). The same as the nature of the process of formation of Islamic law is the in question in this discussion, which is the law called state legislation, or which is also usually known as laws and regulations. The only difference is, Islamic law is made by God, Allah SWT, while the maker of statutory laws is a state institution of which the major function is to make laws (legislative power). Legislation is interrelated to with humanity and justice, both in the establishment, implementation, and enforcement. This can be proven by tracing since the establishment of the state, particularly Indonesia, because the law is one of the implementation of state functions. State is established on the basis of motivation associated with humanity and justice, so that the objectives and the foundations are also related to humanity and justice. The State and the law is an instrument of humanity and justice, therefore, state and law must be related to humanity and justice, and thus, also would not be enough in the instrumental perspective, the state and the law itself without humanity and justice in serving the society.
Strategies for the Heat Treatment of Steel-Aluminium Hybrid Components
Authors: Herbst S. , Maier H. J. , Nürnberger F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe production of massive steel-aluminium hybrid components by means of massive (hot) forming following a joining operation requires advanced heat treatment strategies for the adjustment of local material properties with maximum joint strengths. For the given process-step sequence, the challenge is that the heat treatment of the hybrid component can only take place in the joined state and after (hot) forming. Consequently, suitable heat treatment strategies must enable both a T6 heat treatment of the aluminium component and a surface hardening of the steel component. It could be shown that the inductive surface hardening of a steel functional surface in the immediate vicinity of the aluminium component can take place without reducing the bond strength. To achieve the desired hardening result, the use of a field former is required. The bond strength could be increased by up to 20% compared to the friction-welded initial conditions by adjusting the parameters of the T6 heat treatment.
THE EFFECT OF FIBER CONTENT ON COTTON REINFORCED ALBUMEN COMPOSITES
Authors: Yusliza Yusof , Zuraida Ahmad 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT : The effect of fiber content on mechanical properties and thermal stability of the cotton/albumen composites (CAC) were investigated and presented in this paper. The composites having 0%, 3%, 6%, 10%, 13 %, and 16% w/w of cotton fiber were considered. Â Hands lay-up technique was used to prepare the CAC specimens and dried for 24 hours before characterised and evaluated for their mechanical performance. The structure and thermal stability of the composites were characterized by using x-ray and thermogravimetry analysis, respectively. The tensile strength and impact resistance of CAC are found maximum with the value of 8.7 MPa and 19.0 kJ/m2, respectively. Analysis on the morphological structure by SEM revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites depend on good wettability and adhesion between fiber/matrix.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODELS TO ENHANCE THE ACCURACY OF PANEL METHODS FOR DRAG PREDICTION AT SUPERSONIC SPEEDS
Authors: Al-Obaidi Abdulkareem Shafiq Mahdi 
Published: October 2018

This paper introduces an attempt to enhance the accuracy of panel methods. A low-order panel method is selected and coupled with semi-empirical methods to enhance the accuracy of drag prediction of flying bodies at supersonic speeds. The semi-empirical methods are used to improve the accuracy of drag prediction by mathematical modelling of viscosity, base drag, and drag due to wing-body interference. Both methods were implemented by a computer program and validated against experimental and analytical results. The comparisons show that a considerable improvement has been achieved for the selected panel method for prediction of drag coefficients. In general, accuracy within an average value of -4.4% was obtained for the enhanced panel method. Such accuracy could be considered acceptable for the preliminary design stages of supersonic flying bodies such as projectiles and missiles. The developed computer program gives satisfactory results as long as the considered configurations are slender and the angles of attack are small (below stall angle). ABSTRAK: Kertas kerja ini memperkenalkan percubaan untuk mempertingkatkan ketepatan kaedah panel. Kaedah panel tertib rendah telah dipilih dan digabungkan dengan kaedah separa empirik untuk mempertingkatkan ketepatan ramalan seret objek terbang pada kelajuan supersonik. Kaedah semi empirikal yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan jangkaan seret menggunakan model matematik bagi kelikatan, seretan dasar, dan seretan disebabkan oleh badan sayap interferens. Kedua-dua kaedah dijalankan menggunakan program komputer dan disah berdasarkan keputusan uji kaji dan analisis. Perbandingan keputusan menunjukkan peningkatan yang mendadak diperolehi melalui kaedah panel yang telah dipilih sebagai jangkaan pekali seret. Secara umumnya, ketepatan yang melingkungi nilai purata sebanyak -4.4% telah diperolehi daripada kaedah peningkatan panel. Keputusan sebegini boleh diterima untuk peringkat reka bentuk permulaan bagi objek terbang supersonik seperti projektil dan misil. Program komputer yang direka memberikan keputusan yang memuaskan selagi konfigurasi yang dipilih adalah kecil dan sudut serangan adalah rendah (di bawah sudut tegun).
Production of Biosurfactant in 2L Bioreactor Using Sludge Palm Oil as a Substrate
Authors: JAMAL P. , Alam Md Zahangir , Zainuddin E. A. , Nawawi And W. M. F. W. 
Published: October 2018

In this study, sludge palm oil was utilized as a raw material for process optimization in a stirred tank bioreactor for the biosurfactant production. Optimized parameters include temperature, agitation and aeration while the pH and media compositions such as NaNO3, NaCl, FeSO4, Meat extract, and glucose have been fixed from the previous study. The design of this research was made by using the Design-Expert software (2 level factorial design). Surface tension was used as indirect indicator for biosurfactant production. After model validation, yield of biosurfactant was found to be highest when surface tension was at its lowest value (<24 mN/m) at temperature of 300C , agitation 300 rpm and around 0.5 vvm of aeration with percentage error less than 10% between observed value and predicted value. The finding in this research can be applied to produce biosurfactant in large amount from the less expensive material such as sludge palm oil by using the same optimized model equation.ABSTRAK: Dalam kajian ini, enapcemar kelapa sawit digunakan sebagai bahan mentah untuk pengoptimuman proses dalam bioreaktor bagi penghasilan biosurfactant. Parameter yang dioptimumkan termasuk suhu, pergolakan dan pengudaraan manakala pH dan komposisi media seperti NaNO3, NaCl, FeSO4, ekstrak daging, dan glukos telah ditetapkan daripada kajian sebelumnya. Reka bentuk kajian ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan perisian Design Expert (2 Level factorial design). Tegangan permukaan digunakan sebagai penunjuk tidak langsung untuk penghasilan biosurfactant. Selepas pengesahan, hasil biosurfactant didapati terbanyak apabila tegangan permukaan pada nilai terendah (<24 mN/m) pada suhu 300C, pergolakan 300 rpm, dan sekitar 0.5 vvm pengudaraan dengan margin perbezaan kurang daripada 10% antara nilai sebenar cerapan dan nilai yang diramalkan. Penemuan dalam kajian ini boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan biosurfactant dalam jumlah yang besar dari bahan yang murah seperti enapcemar kelapa sawit dengan menggunakan model optimum yang sama.KEY WORDS: Biosurfactant, Sludge Palm Oil, Process optimization, and Factorial design.
Ethical Issues In Monitoring And Based Tracking Systems
Authors: Khalifa Othman O. , Chebil Jalel , Abdalla Aisha-Hassan , Hameed Shihab 
Published: October 2018

Monitoring and based tracking systems use a variety of technologies to record and monitor the activities of humans. This can increase the risks to the privacy and security of individuals. The amount of information gathered about individuals is growing through the proliferation of surveillance cameras, sensors; microchips and Radio Frequency Identification RFID tags embedded in devices and products. Advances in electronic technologies allow companies and government agencies to store and process large amounts of information about individuals. The Internet provides the ultimate copier device, making this information easily available to millions. This paper highlights the ethical issues emerging with the new technologies in the monitoring and base tracking system. New regulations should be proposed to protect the individual privacy.ABSTRAK: Pemantauan dan sistem berasaskan pengesanan menggunakan pelbagai teknologi untuk merakam dan memantau aktiviti manusia. Ini boleh meningkatkan risiko dari segi privasi dan keselamatan individu. Jumlah maklumat yang dikumpulkan tentang individu berkembang melalui proliferasi pengawasan kamera, sensor; mikrocip dan tag frekuensi radio yang diletakkan di dalam peranti dan produk. Kemajuan dalam teknologi elektronik membolehkan syarikat-syarikat dan agensi-agensi kerajaan menyimpan dan memproses sejumlah besar maklumat mengenai individu. Internet menyediakan peranti salinan utama, menjadikan maklumat ini didapati dengan mudah. Kajian ini memaparkan isu-isu etika yang baru muncul dengan teknologi baru dalam pemantauan dan sistem berasaskan pengesanan. Peraturan baru perlu dicadangkan untuk melindungi privasi individu.Keywords: Privacy Implications, Tracking Systems, EthicalIssue, RFID
Availability Of Literature On Engineering Ethics In The Internet
Authors: Suhaimi Mhd Sarif Yusof Ismail, 
Published: October 2018

Internet is becoming a popular tool among career-oriented people. Among professionals, some of the engineers use the Internet in their work to search for information. The study is carried out to ascertain comparative availability of the materials on ethics and engineers in four top Internet search engines (ISE’s). Four ISE’s were accessed on 2 February 2011, from 2.21 p.m. to 4.21 p.m. [Gombak Time] using a combination of selected search terms: education, engineer, engineering, ethics, Islam, professional, research, and training. The search results or hits produced by the selected ISE’s were analyzed using a specially created instrument/format. The study computes relative ratios of the coverage of selected terms in relation to the number of hits for selected terms within each ISE. The ratios are obtained by dividing the hits for a search term or combination into the total hits within each ISE. The results of the analysis reveal that the ISE’s contain the highest frequency of materials on engineers and ethics. The findings suggest to engineering students and practitioners of varying capabilities among the ISE’s used in the study to learn about engineering ethics. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are included in the study. ABSTRAK: Internet menjadi alat yang popular di kalangan staf yang berorientasikan kerjaya. Di kalangan profesional, para jurutera menggunakan Internet untuk mencari maklumat dalam kerja-kerja mereka. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan ketersediaan perbandingan bahan-bahan mengenai etika dan jurutera dalam empat enjin carian Internet (ISE) teratas. Beberapa ISE dicapai pada 2 Februari 2011, di antara 2.21 petang sehingga 4.21 petang [waktu Gombak] menggunakan gabungan terma carian yang dipilih: pendidikan, jurutera, kejuruteraan, etika, Islam, profesional, penyelidikan, dan latihan. Keputusan carian atau ‘hits’ yang dihasilkan oleh ISE terpilih telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan instrumen/format yang direka khas. Kajian itu mengira nisbah relatif liputan terma-terma terpilih tersebut dengan jumlah ‘hits’ bagi kesemua terma bagi setiap ISE. Nisbah diperolehi dengan membahagikan ‘hits’ bagi istilah carian atau gabungan istilah dengan jumlah ‘hits’ dalam setiap ISE. Keputusan analisis menunjukkan ISE yang mengandungi kekerapan tertinggi bahan-bahan berkaitan dengan jurutera dan etika. Hasil kajian menyarankan kepada pelajar-pelajar dan pengamal kejuruteraan bahawa wujud keupayaan yang berbeza-beza di kalangan ISE berhubung dengan potensi bahan-bahan berkaitan etika kejuruteraan. Batasan kajian dan cadangan untuk penyelidikan selanjutnya dimasukkan dalam kajian ini. Keywords-engineering ethics; internet search engines; literature; training and development