bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited evidence forCO2‐related growth enhancement in northern Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine populations across climate gradients
Authors: Reed Charlotte C. , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Cooper Leila Annie , Sala Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractForests sequester large amounts of carbon annually and are integral in buffering against effects of global change. Increasing atmosphericCO2may enhance photosynthesis and/or decrease stomatal conductance (gs) thereby enhancing intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE), having potential indirect and direct benefits to tree growth. While increasingiWUEhas been observed in most trees globally, enhanced growth is not ubiquitous, possibly due to concurrent climatic constraints on growth. To investigate our incomplete understanding of interactions between climate andCO2and their impacts on tree physiology and growth, we used an environmental gradient approach. We combined dendrochronology with carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) to assess the covariation of basal area increment (BAI) andiWUEover time in lodgepole pine. Trees were sampled at 18 sites spanning two climatically distinct elevation transects on the lee and windward sides of the Continental Divide, encompassing the majority of lodgepole pine's northern Rocky Mountain elevational range. We analyzedBAIandiWUEfrom 1950 to 2015, and explored correlations with monthly climate variables. As expected,iWUEincreased at all sites. However, concurrent growth trends depended on site climatic water deficit (CWD). Significant growth increases occurred only at the driest sites, where increases iniWUEwere strongest, while growth decreases were greatest at sites whereCWDhas been historically lowest. Late summer drought of the previous year negatively affected growth across sites. These results suggest that increasingiWUE, if strong enough, may indirectly benefit growth at drier sites by effectively extending the growing season via reductions in gs. Strong growth decreases at high elevation windward sites may reflect increasing water stress as a result of decreasing snowpack, which was not offset by greateriWUE. Our results imply that increasingiWUEdriven by decreasing gsmay benefit tree growth in limited scenarios, having implications for future carbon uptake potential of semiarid ecosystems.
Temperature influences habitat preference of coral reef fishes: Will generalists become more specialised in a warming ocean?
Authors: Matis Paloma A. , Donelson Jennifer M. , Bush Stephen , Fox Rebecca J. , Booth David J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClimate change is expected to pose a significant risk to species that exhibit strong behavioural preferences for specific habitat types, with generalist species assumed to be less vulnerable. In this study, we conducted habitat choice experiments to determine how water temperature influences habitat preference for three common species of coral reef damselfish (Pomacentridae) that differ in their levels of habitat specialisation. The lemon damselfish Pomacentrus moluccensis, a habitat specialist, consistently selected complex coral habitat across all temperature treatments (selected based on local average seasonal temperatures naturally experienced in situ: ambient winter 22°C; ambient summer 28°C; and elevated 31°C). Unexpectedly, the neon damselfish Pomacentrus coelestis and scissortail sergeant Abudefduf sexfasciatus, both of which have more generalist habitat associations, developed strong habitat preferences (for complex coral and boulder habitat, respectively) at the elevated temperature treatment (31°C) compared to no single preferred habitat at 22°C or 28°C. The observed shifts in habitat preference with temperature suggest that we may be currently underestimating the vulnerability of some habitat generalists to climate change and highlight that the ongoing loss of complex live coral through coral bleaching could further exacerbate resource overlap and species competition in ways not currently considered in climate change models.
Indigenous intellectual traditions and biography in the northeast: A historiographical reflection
Authors: Peace Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, a substantial literature has developed probing Robert Warrior's idea that we can trace a written Indigenous intellectual tradition back to the mid‐eighteenth century. Focused on Indigenous peoples who wrote fairly extensively, much of this literature has tended to treat the same individuals: Samson Occom, Joseph Brant, Peter Jones, William Apess, and George Copway (among others). Over the past 5 years, a series of biographies have been published on other individuals who fit within this community of intellectuals. Drawing together these two streams within the historiography, this essay probes the concept of Indigenous intellectual traditions, suggesting that scholars need to look beyond print culture. Doing so will better account for Indigenous concepts of sovereignty and territory, the involvement of women, the role of class, as well as the relationship between these traditions, historiographical practices, and settler colonial systems of power.
Evaluation of chronic kidney disease in cancer patients: is there a preferred estimation formula?
Authors: Sleilalty Ghassan , El Rassy Elie , Assi Tarek , Al Rassy Nathalie , Nasseh Jessica , Rizkallah Jamale , Finianos Serge , Azar Hiba , Chelala Dania N. , El Karak Fadi , Kattan Joseph , Ghosn Marwan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cancer patients seems to rely mostly on the Cockcroft‐Gault (CG) formula or the creatinine levels to adjust treatment dosages which is a practice refuted by internists.AimsWe evaluate the overall agreement of the CG, modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) and CKD–epidemiology collaboration equations (CKD‐EPI) equation with the newly devised Janowitz and Williams’ (JW) equation.MethodsThe renal function was estimated in 235 cancer patients according to the CG, MDRD, body surface area (BSA)‐adjusted MDRD, CKD‐EPI, BSA‐adjusted CKD‐EPI and JW formulae.ResultsJW equation was more in agreement with CG and CKD‐EPI estimations than the other equations. Taking JW equation as reference, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that CG eGFR had the higher area under the curve when compared with other equations. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed more proximity between CG and JW equations than the other equations.ConclusionThe newly proposed JW eGFR estimation was more in agreement with CG equation than the other equations.
Human coronaviruses and other respiratory infections in young adults on a university campus: Prevalence, symptoms, and shedding
Authors: Davis Brian M. , Foxman Betsy , Monto Arnold S. , Baric Ralph S. , Martin Emily T. , Uzicanin Amra , Rainey Jeanette J. , Aiello Allison E. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe prevalence, symptom course, and shedding in persons infected with the 4 most common human coronaviruses (HCoV)‐229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 are poorly described.ObjectivesWe estimate their prevalence and associated symptoms among college students identified via a social network study design.Patients/MethodsWe collected 1‐3 samples (n = 250 specimens) from 176 participants between October 2012 and January 17, 2013: participants with acute respiratory infection (ARI; cough and body aches or chills or fever/feverishness) and their social contacts. Virus was detected using RT‐PCR.Results30.4% (76/250) of specimens tested positive for any virus tested, and 4.8% (12/250) were positive for 2 or more viruses. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs [22.0%; 55/250]), rhinovirus (7.6%; 19/250), and influenza A (6.4%; 16/250) were most prevalent. Symptoms changed significantly over time among ARI participants with HCoV: the prevalence of cough and chills decreased over 6 days (P = .04, and P = .01, respectively), while runny nose increased over the same period (P = .02). HCoV‐NL63 was the most frequent virus detected 6 days following symptom onset (8.9%), followed by rhinovirus (6.7%).ConclusionsDuring a 3‐month period covering a single season, HCoVs were common, even among social contacts without respiratory symptoms; specific symptoms may change over the course of HCoV‐associated illness and were similar to symptoms from influenza and rhinovirus.
Phosphatidic acid plays key roles regulating plant development and stress responses
Authors: Yao Hong‐Yan , Xue Hong‐Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhospholipids, including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA‐mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
Evolutionary history of the flora of Mexico: Dry forests cradles and museums of endemism
Authors: Sosa Victoria , De‐Nova J. Arturo , Vásquez‐Cruz Marilyn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMexico is considered an exceptional biogeographic area with a varied endemic flora, however spatial phylogenetic measures of biodiversity have not yet been estimated to understand how its flora assembled to form the current vegetation. Patterns of species richness, endemism, phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic endemism and centers of neo‐ and paleo‐endemism were determined to examine differences and congruence among these measures, and their implications for conservation. Of 24 360 vascular plant species 10 235 (42%) are endemic. Areas of endemism and phylogenetic endemism were associated with dry forests in zones of topographic complexity in mountain systems, in deserts, and in isolated xeric vegetation. Every single locality where seasonally tropical dry forests have been reported in Mexico was identified as an area of endemism. Significant phylogenetic diversity was the most restricted and occurred in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt and in the Sierra de Chiapas. Notably, the highest degree of phylogenetic clustering comprising neo‐, paleo‐, and super‐endemism was identified in southernmost Mexico. Most vascular plant lineages diverged in the Miocene (5–20 mya) when arid environments expanded across the world. The location of Mexico between two very large landmasses and the fact that more than fifty percent of its surface is arid favored the establishment of tropical lineages adapted to extreme seasonality and aridity. These lineages were able to migrate from both North and South America across Central America presumably during the Miocene and to diversify, illustrating the signature of the flora of Mexico of areas of endemism with a mixture of neo‐ and paleo‐endemism.
Dispersal is associated with morphological innovation, but not increased diversification, inCyphostemma(Vitaceae)
Authors: Hearn David J. , Evans Margaret , Wolf Ben , McGinty Michael , Wen Jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultiple processes − including dispersal, morphological innovation, and habitat change − are frequently cited as catalysts for increased diversification. We investigate these processes and the causal linkages among them in the genusCyphostemma(Vitaceae), a clade comprising ∼200 species that is unique in the Vitaceae for its diversity of growth habits. We reconstruct time‐calibrated evolutionary relationships among 64 species in the genus using five nuclear and chloroplast markers and infer the group's morphological and biogeographic history. We test for changes in speciation rate and evaluate the temporal association and sequencing of events with respect to dispersal, habitat change, and morphological evolution using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. InCyphostemma, neither dispersal nor morphological evolution is associated with shifts in speciation rate, but dispersal is associated with evolutionary shifts in growth form. Evolution of stem succulence, in particular, is associated with adaptation to local, pre‐existing conditions following long‐distance dispersal, not habitat changein situ. We suggest that the pattern of association between dispersal, morphological innovation, and diversification may depend on the particular characters under study. Lineages with evolutionarily labile characters, such as stem succulence, do not necessarily conform to the notion of niche conservatism and instead demonstrate remarkable morphological adaptation to local climate and edaphic conditions following dispersal.
The prognostic significance of serum HBeAg on the recurrence and long‐term survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Shen J. , Liu J. , Li C. , Wen T. , Yan L. , Yang J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe effects of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after hepatectomy remain controversial. Our aim was to explore the prognostic significance of serum HBeAg on the prognosis of patients with HCC using a propensity matching model. Between January 2009 and March 2015, 953 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy in West China Hospital were analysed. Propensity matching analysis was applied, and survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Risk factors were identified by the Cox proportional hazards model. All patients with HCC were classified into an HBeAg(−) group (n = 775, 81.3%) or an HBeAg(+) group (n = 178, 18.7%). Patients with positive serum HBeAg had poorer recurrence‐free survival and overall survival before and after propensity matching. Similar results were found in patients within the Milan criteria. For patients beyond the Milan criteria, the HBeAg(+) group had poor overall survival before and after propensity matching. In term of recurrence‐free survival, there was no statistically significant impact after propensity matching (P = .055), although there was a trend for HBeAg(+) patient to have reduced recurrence‐free survival. Positive serum HBeAg, positive HBV‐DNA load, largest tumour size, multiple tumours, microvascular invasion and a high serum level of preoperative alpha‐fetoprotein were risk factors for recurrence. Our propensity model confirmed that positive serum HBeAg had a negative impact on the recurrence and long‐term survival irrespective of tumour stages. HBeAg seroconversion might be beneficial for reducing the rate of recurrence.
Detection of in vivo hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutations—A comparison of four routine screening assays
Authors: Gencay M. , Seffner A. , Pabinger S. , Gautier J. , Gohl P. , Weizenegger M. , Neofytos D. , Batrla R. , Woeste A. , Kim H. S. , Westergaard G. , Reinsch C. , Brill E. , Thuy P. T. T. , Hoang B. H. , Sonderup M. , Spearman C. W. , Brancaccio G. , Fasano M. , Gaeta G. B. , Santantonio T. , Kaminski W. E. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAn important requirement for a state‐of‐the‐art hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening assay is reliable detection of mutated HBsAg. Currently, there is a striking shortage of data regarding the detection rates of in vivo HBsAg mutations for these clinically important assays. Therefore, we compared the detection rates of four commercial HBsAg screening assays using a global cohort of 1553 patients from four continents with known HBV genotypes. These samples, which represent the broadest spectrum of known and novel HBsAg major hydrophilic region (MHR) mutations to date, were analyzed for the presence of HBsAg using the Roche Elecsys® HBsAg II Qualitative, Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP HBsAg II, Abbott Architect HBsAg Qualitative II and DiaSorin Liaison® HBsAg Qualitative assays, respectively. Of the 1553 samples, 1391 samples could be sequenced; of these, 1013 (72.8%) carried at least one of the 345 currently known amino acid substitutions (distinct HBsAg mutation) in the HBsAg MHR. All 1553 patient samples were positive for HBsAg using the Elecsys® HBsAg II Qual assay, with a sensitivity (95% confidence interval) of 99.94% (99.64%‐100%), followed by the Abbott Architect 99.81% (99.44%‐99.96%), Siemens ADVIA 99.81% (99.44%‐99.96%) and DiaSorin Liaison® 99.36% (98.82%‐99.69%) assays, respectively. Our results indicate that the Elecsys® HBsAg II Qual assay exhibits the highest sensitivity among the commercial HBsAg screening assays, and demonstrate that its capacity to detect HBV infection is not compromised by HBsAg MHR mutants.
Puma activity patterns and temporal overlap with prey in a human‐modified landscape at Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Azevedo F. C. , Lemos F. G. , Freitas‐Junior M. C. , Rocha D. G. , Azevedo F. C. C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnimal activity patterns correspond to the individual diel cycle time and is an important attribute of species coexistence in ecological communities. However, activity patterns of most Neotropical species are still poorly understood. Based on an 8‐year camera‐trapping survey conducted between 2009 and 2017, we evaluated puma (Puma concolor) activity patterns in a human‐modified landscape in Southeastern Brazil. Our objectives were to determine the activity pattern of pumas and to verify the influence of main prey species and anthropogenic factors on their behavior. We categorized activity patterns of all assessed species based on the proportion of independent records during night and day times. We tested for sex differences in activity patterns of pumas, and measured their overlap with most consumed prey, people, cattle and domestic dogs. Our results suggested that males engaged in mostly nocturnal behavior while females were active both at night and day hours. Pumas exhibited higher coefficient of overlapping with prey species that were most often included in their diet, suggesting that prey availability might influence puma activity or that pumas opportunistically prey upon species with similar activity pattern. Female pumas seem to be more exposed to anthropogenic threats due to higher activity pattern overlap with people and domestic dogs. Our findings provide insights into puma‐prey temporal behavior, highlighting the relevance of intrasexual dissimilarity in the activity patterns of a top predator living in a disturbed landscape.
TDP‐43 pathology in multiple system atrophy: colocalization of TDP‐43 and α‐synuclein in glial cytoplasmic inclusions
Authors: Koga S. , Lin W.‐L. , Walton R. L. , Ross O. A. , Dickson D. W. 
Published: April 2018

AimsThis study aimed to assess clinicopathologic features of transactive response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) pathology and its risk factors in multiple system atrophy (MSA).MethodsParaffin‐embedded sections of the amygdala and basal forebrain from 186 autopsy‐confirmed MSA cases were screened with immunohistochemistry for phospho‐TDP‐43. In cases having TDP‐43 pathology, additional brain regions were assessed. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double‐staining and immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) were performed to evaluate colocalization of TDP‐43 and α‐synuclein. Genetic risk factors for TDP‐43 pathology were also analysed.ResultsImmunohistochemistry showed various morphologies of TDP‐43 pathology in 13 cases (7%), such as subpial astrocytic inclusions, neuronal inclusions, dystrophic neurites, perivascular inclusions and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that only advanced age, but not concurrent Alzheimer's disease, argyrophilic grain disease or hippocampal sclerosis, was an independent risk factor for TDP‐43 pathology in MSA (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.19, P = 0.002). TDP‐43 pathology was restricted to the amygdala in eight cases and extended to the hippocampus in two cases. The remaining three cases had widespread TDP‐43 pathology. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double‐staining and IEM revealed colocalization of α‐synuclein and TDP‐43 in GCIs with granule‐coated filaments. Pilot genetic studies failed to show associations between risk variants of TMEM106B or GRN and TDP‐43 pathology.ConclusionsTDP‐43 pathology is rare in MSA and occurs mainly in the medial temporal lobe. Advanced age is a risk factor for TDP‐43 pathology in MSA. Colocalization of TDP‐43 and α‐synuclein in GCIs suggests possible direct interaction between the two molecules.
How to gauge banal nationalism and national indifference in the past: proletarian tweets in Belgium's belle époque
Authors: Van Ginderachter Maarten 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMichael Billig's theory of banal nationalism involves the assumption that the absence of an explicit discourse on the nation should be interpreted as the unmindful presence of nationalism and that the mass media faithfully represent or reflect the discourses of ‘ordinary people’. Recent historical research of ‘national indifference’ in imperial Austria has inverted the correlation between the ubiquity of nationalist discourses and their impact in society. This article assesses these conflicting frameworks and refutes AD Smith's critique of everyday nationalism research as necessarily ahistorical and presentist. This case study of the rank‐and‐file of the social‐democratic Belgian Workers' Party at the close of the nineteenth century uses a unique source of working‐class voices: the so‐called ‘propaganda pence’ or ‘proletarian tweets’ from the Flemish‐speaking city of Ghent. Hot, explicit nationalism was absent from these sources, which begs the question: is this proof of banal nationalism or national indifference? A historically contextualized analysis of the absences shows that workers expressed national indifference towards Belgian, but not towards Flemish ethnicity. In Rogers Brubaker's terms: Flemish ethnicity was a relevant social category, but only in a very restricted number of social contexts could it become a basis for ‘groupness’ or political mobilisation in daily life.
Rice SPX6 negatively regulates the phosphate starvation response through suppression of the transcription factor PHR2
Authors: Zhong Yongjia , Wang Yuguang , Guo Jiangfan , Zhu Xinlu , Shi Jing , He Qiuju , Liu Yu , Wu Yunrong , Zhang Li , Lv Qundan , Mao Chuanzao 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, but the molecular mechanism determining how plants sense external inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels and reprogram transcriptional and adaptive responses is incompletely understood.

In this study, we investigated the function of OsSPX6 (hereafter SPX6), an uncharacterized member of SPX domain (SYG1, Pho81 and XPR1)‐containing proteins in rice, using reverse genetics and biochemical approaches.

Transgenic plants overexpressing SPX6 exhibited decreased Pi concentrations and suppression of phosphate starvation‐induced (PSI) genes. By contrast, transgenic lines with decreased SPX6 transcript levels or spx6 mutant showed significant Pi accumulation in the leaf and upregulation of PSI genes. Overexpression of SPX6 genetically suppressed the overexpression of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (PHR2) in terms of the accumulation of high Pi content. Moreover, direct interaction of SPX6 with PHR2 impeded PHR2 translocation into the nucleus, and inhibited PHR2 binding to the P1BS (PHR1 binding sequence) element. SPX6 protein was degraded in leaves under Pi‐deficient conditions, whereas it accumulated in roots.

We conclude that rice SPX6 is another important negative regulator in Pi starvation signaling through the interaction with PHR2. SPX6 shows different responses to Pi starvation in shoot and root, which differ from those of other SPX proteins.