bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are parenting practices associated with the same child outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries as in high-income countries? A review and synthesis
Authors: Devlin Alison M , Wight Daniel , Fenton Candida 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThere is increasing interest in the transferability of parenting interventions from high-income countries (HICs) to low-income countries (LICs) in order to improve child development and health outcomes. This is based on the premise that associations between parenting practices and child outcomes are similar in both settings. Many parenting interventions in HICs are evidence-based, but less evidence exists on associations of parenting practices with child outcomes in LICs, in particular, sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This review synthesises evidence on the association of parenting practices with child outcomes in SSA in order to compare findings with those from HICs.MethodsWe searched electronic databases—Web of Science, ASSIA, Embase, IBSS and PsycINFO—to identify studies from SSA that reported quantitative associations between parenting practices and child health or psychosocial outcomes (eg, sexual and reproductive health (SRH), mental health, conduct disorders). Due to inconsistent conceptual framing of parenting across studies, we used a modified version of the international WHO classification of parenting dimensions to guide synthesis of the results.ResultsForty-four studies met our inclusion criteria. They were conducted in 13 SSA countries and included cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and were predominantly descriptive studies rather than intervention research. Synthesis of results showed that associations between patterns of parenting (‘positive’/‘harsh’) and child outcomes (including SRH, mental health and conduct disorders) in studies from SSA were broadly similar to those found in HICs.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the impacts of parenting practices on child outcomes are similar across contrasting global regions and, therefore, parenting interventions from HICs might be successfully transferred to SSA, subject to appropriate adaptation. However, this review also highlights the paucity of evidence in this area and the urgent need for higher quality studies to confirm these findings to help develop effective parenting interventions in SSA.
Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among US Air Force Special Tactics Operators: an economic cost perspective
Authors: Lovalekar Mita , Johnson Caleb D , Eagle Shawn , Wohleber Meleesa F , Keenan Karen A , Beals Kim , Nindl Bradley C , Connaboy Christopher 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesMusculoskeletal injuries (MSI) are an important concern in military populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the burden of MSI and associated financial cost, in a sample of US Air Force Special Operations Command Special Tactics Operators.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, medical records of the Operators were reviewed during the years 2014–2015. MSI that occurred during a 1-year period prior to the date of review were described. MSI attributes described included incidence, anatomic location, cause, activity when MSI occurred, type and lifetime cost of MSI estimated using the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System.ResultsA total of 130 Operators participated in the study (age: 29.1±5.2 years). The 1-year cumulative incidence of MSI was 49.2 injured Operators/100 Operators/year. The most frequent anatomic location and sublocation for MSI were the lower extremity (40.9% of MSI) and shoulder (20.9%), respectively. Lifting was a common cause of MSI (21.8%). A large per cent of MSI (55.5%) occurred while Operators were engaged in either physical or tactical training. Common MSI types were pain/spasm/ache (44.5%). Many MSI (41.8%) were classified as potentially preventable by an injury prevention training programme. The total lifetime cost of these MSI was estimated to be approximately US$1.2 million.ConclusionMSI are an important cause of morbidity and financial cost in this sample of Air Force Special Tactics Operators. There is a need to develop a customised injury prevention programme to reduce the burden and cost of MSI in this population.
Integrative network and brain expression analysis reveals mechanistic modules in ataxia
Authors: Eidhof Ilse , van de Warrenburg Bart P , Schenck Annette 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundGenetic forms of ataxia are a heterogenous group of degenerative diseases of the cerebellum. Many causative genes have been identified. We aimed to systematically investigate these genes to better understand ataxia pathophysiology.MethodsA manually curated catalogue of 71 genes involved in disorders with progressive ataxias as a major clinical feature was subjected to an integrated gene ontology, protein network and brain gene expression profiling analysis.ResultsWe found that genes mutated in ataxias operate in networks with significantly enriched protein connectivity, demonstrating coherence on a global level, independent of inheritance mode. Moreover, elevated expression specifically in the cerebellum predisposes to ataxia. Genes expressed in this pattern are significantly over-represented among genes mutated in ataxia and are enriched for ion homeostasis/synaptic functions. The majority of genes mutated in ataxia, however, does not show elevated cerebellar expression that could account for region-specific degeneration. For these, we identified defective cellular stress responses as a major common biological theme, suggesting that the defence pathways against stress are more critical to maintain cerebellar integrity than integrity of other brain regions. Approximately half of the genes mutated in ataxia, mostly part of the stress module, show higher expression at embryonic stages, which argues for a developmental predisposition.ConclusionGenetic defects in ataxia predominantly affect neuronal homeostasis, to which the cerebellum appears to be excessively susceptible. Based on the identified modules, it is conceivable to propose common therapeutic interventions that target deregulated calcium and reactive oxygen species levels, or mechanisms that can decrease the harmful downstream effects of these deleterious insults.
Compliance with packaging and labelling rules for tobacco products marketed in slum areas of Bhubaneswar, India
Authors: Panigrahi Ansuman , Sharma Dheeraj 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe Government of India has been issuing notifications regarding packaging and labelling rules for tobacco products since 2003 under the ‘Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act’ (COTPA) guidelines.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study was carried out during November 2016 to March 2017 to assess the extent of compliance with the COTPA prescribed packaging and labelling rules for packages of tobacco products marketed in 11 slum areas of Bhubaneswar, India. From 81 retail outlets, 42 different brands of tobacco products were purchased which consisted of 23 in smoking form (17 brands of cigarette, 6 brands of bidi) and 19 in smokeless form (9 brands of gutkha, 4 brands of khaini and 6 brands of betel quid with tobacco).ResultsIn most of the product packages, particularly in smokeless tobacco, the health warnings were not in compliance with the COTPA specifications. In a majority of the tobacco brands (69.0%), specified health warnings occupied less than the prescribed size of 85% of the principal display area of the package. Misleading descriptors and promotional messages were also present.ConclusionThe tobacco products marketed in Bhubaneswar slums were not in compliance with the packaging and labelling rules specified by COTPA. This underscores the need for strict implementation of COTPA guidelines and enforcement measures to assure full compliance.
Higher spin currents with manifest SO(4) symmetry in the large 𝒩 = 4 holography
Authors: Ahn Changhyun 
Published: December 2018

The large [Formula: see text] nonlinear superconformal algebra is generated by six spin-[Formula: see text] currents, four spin-[Formula: see text] currents and one spin-[Formula: see text] current. The simplest extension of these [Formula: see text] currents is described by the [Formula: see text] higher spin currents of spins [Formula: see text]. In this paper, by using the defining operator product expansions (OPEs) between the [Formula: see text] currents and [Formula: see text] higher spin currents, we determine the [Formula: see text] higher spin currents (the higher spin-[Formula: see text] currents were found previously) in terms of affine Kac–Moody spin-[Formula: see text], one currents in the Wolf space coset model completely. An antisymmetric second rank tensor, three antisymmetric almost complex structures or the structure constant are contracted with the multiple product of spin-[Formula: see text] currents. The eigenvalues are computed for coset representations containing at most four boxes, at finite [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. After calculating the eigenvalues of the zeromode of the higher spin-[Formula: see text] current acting on the higher representations up to three (or four) boxes of Young tableaux in [Formula: see text] in the Wolf space coset, we obtain the corresponding three-point functions with two scalar operators at finite [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, under the large [Formula: see text] ’t Hooft-like limit, the eigenvalues associated with any boxes of Young tableaux are obtained and the corresponding three-point functions are written in terms of the ’t Hooft coupling constant in simple form in addition to the two-point functions of scalars and the number of boxes.
Properties of Ni–ZrO2nanocomposite coatings by electroplating
Authors: Xiong Chao , Xiao Jin , Zhao Yu , Wang Yuxin , Tay See Leng , Xu Weilong 
Published: December 2018

The microstructure, microhardness and wear property of electroplated Ni–ZrO2nanocomposite coatings with different ZrO2concentration were analyzed using SEM, microhardness and wear tests. It was found that in the composite coatings, incorporation of ZrO2particles improves the mechanical property of Ni coatings and the effect of ZrO2nanoparticles concentration on the surface morphology, microstructure and mechanical property of electroplated coatings was discussed. The mechanical properties of Ni–ZrO2coatings reach the optimum value when the ZrO2concentration is 10 g/L.
Tuning optical properties of cadmium thiourea acetate nonlinear optical crystal exploiting organic ligand of L-proline
Authors: Kulkarni R. B. , Anis M. , Hussaini S. S. , Shirsat M. D. 
Published: December 2018

Modifying optical properties of crystal is very fundamental need for designing various photonic devices, hence in the current investigation, the L-proline (LP) has been firstly doped in cadmium thiourea acetate (CTA) crystal with the aim to optimize the UV–Visible, second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency, luminescence and third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties of CTA crystal. The pure and doped CTA crystals have been grown by slow solvent evaporation technique at [Formula: see text]C. The structural parameters of grown crystals have been determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The incorporation of LP in CTA crystal matrix has been confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared analysis. The UV–Visible studies have been employed within the wavelength range of 200–900 nm to explore the enhancing impact of LP on CTA crystal. The LP doped CTA crystals were subjected to Kurtz–Perry test and Z-scan analysis to identify the nonlinear nature of studied crystals. The SHG efficiency of LP-CTA crystal shows significant increase owing to enhanced charge transfer over the organic ligand of LP. The laser-induced TONLO properties of LP-doped CTA crystal have been determined at 632.8 nm. The nature of nonlinear refraction and absorption has been explored by close and open aperture Z-scan configuration. The magnitude of nonlinear refraction [Formula: see text], absorption coefficient [Formula: see text], cubic susceptibility [Formula: see text] and figure of merit has been determined using the transmittance data. The color-centered luminescence studies have been carried out which established the prominent redshift in peak maxima of emission wavelength of CTA crystal due to doping of LP. Comparative analysis of pure and doped crystal confirmed the dominance of LP doping.
Generalization of Parameter Recovery in Binocular Vision for a Planar Scene
Authors: Örnhag Marcus Valtonen , Heyden Anders 
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we consider a mobile platform with two cameras directed towards the floor. In earlier work, this specific problem geometry has been considered under the assumption that the cameras have been mounted at the same height. This paper extends the previous work by removing the height constraint, as it is hard to realize in real-life applications. We develop a method based on an equivalent problem geometry, and show that much of previous work can be reused with small modification to account for the height difference. A fast solver for the resulting nonconvex optimization problem is devised. Furthermore, we propose a second method for estimating the height difference by constraining the mobile platform to pure translations. This is intended to simulate a calibration sequence, which is not uncommon to impose. Experiments are conducted using synthetic data, and the results demonstrate a robust method for determining the relative parameters comparable to previous work.
The Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Value of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Deqing , Liu Hui , Lin Dasheng , Lian Kejian , Ren Hongyue 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α) plays an important role in the development of tumors. However, the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of HIF2α in cancer patients remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the HIF2α status and clinical outcome in human cancer. Studies were screened online using electronic databases. The pooled risk ratios or hazard ratios (HR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from available publications. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity, and publication bias were also conducted. A total of 854 studies with 4,345 patients were obtained in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the increased expression of HIF2α could predict unfavorable overall survival of cancer patients on both univariate analysis (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.41–1.92, P &lt; 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.70–2.87, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, HIF2α overexpression was associated closely with tumor differentiation, tumor–node–metastasis stage, and lymph metastasis. In addition, there was no obvious evidence for significant publication bias in this meta-analysis. Our study indicated that HIF2α might be an indicator of poor prognosis and clinicopathologic features of tumors and could serve as a novel biomarker in human cancer.
Efficacy of Ablation Lesion Sets in Addition to Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From the SMASH‐AF Meta‐Analysis Study Cohort
Authors: Cluckey Andrew , Perino Alexander C. , Yunus Fahd N. , Leef George C. , Askari Mariam , Heidenreich Paul A. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Wang Paul J. , Turakhia Mintu P. 
Published: December 2018

Background

The objective was to explore the efficacy of ablation lesion sets in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (
PVI
) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The optimal strategy for catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is debated.

Methods and Results

The SMASH‐AF (Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Ablation Strategy Heterogeneity in Atrial Fibrillation) study cohort includes trials and observational studies identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from January 1 1990, to August 1, 2016. We included studies reporting single procedure paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation success rates. Exclusion criteria included insufficient reporting of outcomes, ablation strategies that were not prespecified and uniform, and a sample size of fewer than 40 patients. We analyzed lesion sets performed in addition to
PVI
(
PVI
plus) using multivariable random‐effects meta‐regression to control for patient, study, and procedure characteristics. The analysis included 145 total studies with 23 263 patients (
PVI‐
only cohort: 115 studies, 148 treatment arms, 16 500 patients;
PVI
plus cohort: 39 studies; 46 treatment arms, 6763 patients).
PVI
plus studies, as compared with
PVI
‐only studies, included younger patients (56.7 years versus 58.8 years,
P
=0.001), fewer women (27.2% versus 32.0% women,
P
=0.002), and were more methodologically rigorous with longer follow‐up (29.5 versus 17.1 months,
P
0.004) and more randomization (19.4% versus 11.8%,
P
<0.001). In multivariable meta‐regression,
PVI
plus studies were associated with improved success (7.6% absolute improvement [95% CI, 2.6–12.5%];
P
<0.01,
I
2
=88%), specifically superior vena cava isolation (4 studies, 4 treatment arms, 1392 patients; 15.1% absolute improvement [95% CI, 2.3–27.9%];
P
0.02,
I
2
=87%). However, residual heterogeneity was large.

Conclusions

Across the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation literature,
PVI
plus ablation strategies were associated with incremental improvements in success rate. However, large residual heterogeneity complicates evidence synthesis.
Mean Offshore Refractive Conditions during the CASPER East Field Campaign
Authors: Ulate Marcela , Wang Qing , Haack Tracy , Holt Teddy , Alappattu Denny P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we use observational and numerical model data from the Coupled Air Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research (CASPER) field campaign to describe the mean refractive conditions offshore Duck, North Carolina. The U.S. Navy operational numerical weather prediction model known as the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) performed well forecasting large-scale conditions during the experiment, with an observed warm bias in SST and cold and dry biases in temperature and humidity in the lowest 2000 m. In general, COAMPS underpredicted the number of ducts, and they were weaker and at lower height than those seen in observations. It was found that there is a noticeable diurnal evolution of the ducts, more over land than over the ocean. Ducts were found to be more frequent over land but overall were stronger and deeper over the ocean. Also, the evaporative duct height increases as one moves offshore. A case study was chosen to describe the electromagnetic properties under different synoptic conditions. In this case the continental atmospheric boundary layer dominates and interacts with the marine atmospheric boundary layer. As a result, the latter moves around 80 km offshore and then back inland after 2 h.
Freshwater Flux and Ocean Chlorophyll Produce Nonlinear Feedbacks in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhang Rong-Hua , Tian Feng , Busalacchi Antonio J. , Wang Xiujun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Various forcing and feedback processes coexist in the tropical Pacific, which can modulate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In particular, large covariabilities in chlorophyll (Chl) and freshwater flux (FWF) at the sea surface are observed during ENSO cycles, acting to execute feedbacks on ENSO through the related ocean-biology-induced heating (OBH) and FWF forcing, respectively. At present, the related effects and underlying mechanism are strongly model dependent and are still not well understood. Here, a new hybrid coupled model (HCM), developed to represent interactions between the atmosphere and ocean physics–biology (AOPB) in the tropical Pacific, is used to examine the extent to which ENSO can be modulated by interannually covarying anomalies of FWF and Chl. HCM AOPB–based sensitivity experiments indicate that individually the FWF forcing tends to amplify ENSO via its influence on the stratification and vertical mixing in the upper ocean, whereas the OBH feedback tends to damp it. While the FWF- and OBH-related individual effects tend to counteract each other, their combined effects give rise to unexpected situations. For example, an increase in the FWF forcing intensity actually acts to decrease the ENSO amplitude when the OBH feedback effects coexist at a certain intensity. The nonlinear modulation of the ENSO amplitude can happen when the FWF-related amplifying effects on ENSO are compensated for by OBH-related damping effects. The results offer insight into modulating effects on ENSO, which are evident in nature and different climate models.
Santa Ana Winds: A Descriptive Climatology
Authors: Rolinski Tom , Capps Scott B. , Zhuang Wei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The criteria used to define Santa Ana winds (SAWs) are dependent upon both the impact of interest (e.g., catastrophic wildfires) and the location and/or time of day examined. We employ a comprehensive definition and methodology for constructing a climatological SAW time series from 1981 through 2016 for two Southern California regions, Los Angeles and San Diego. For both regions, we examine SAW climatology, distinguish SAW-associated synoptic-scale atmospheric patterns, and detect long-term, significant SAW trends. San Diego has 30% fewer SAW days compared to Los Angeles with 80% of SAW events starting in Los Angeles first. Further, 45% of San Diego SAW events are single-day events compared to 35% for Los Angeles. The longest duration event spanned 16 days for Los Angeles (27 November–12 December 1988) and 8 days for San Diego (9–16 January 2009). Although SAW-driven fires can be large and devastating, these types of fires occurred on only 6% and 5% of SAW days for the Los Angeles and San Diego regions, respectively. Finally, we find and investigate an extended period of elevated SAW day count occurring after 2005. This new climatology will allow us to produce month- and season-ahead forecasts of SAW days, which is useful for planning end-of-year staffing coverage by the local, state, and federal fire agencies.