bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions towards a healthy diet among a sample of university people in Portugal
Authors: Ferrão Ana Cristina , Guiné Raquel P.F. , Correia Paula , Ferreira Manuela , Cardoso Ana Paula , Duarte João , Lima João 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
A healthy diet has been recognized as one of the most important factors associated with maintaining human health and helping in preventing the development of some chronic diseases. Therefore, this paper aims to study the perceptions of a sample of university people regarding a healthy diet.

Design/methodology/approach
It was undertaken a descriptive cross-sectional study on a non-probabilistic sample of 382 participants. The data were collected among a sample of Portuguese university people and measured whether people’s perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet.

Findings
The results revealed that the participants’ perceptions were, in general, compliant with a healthy diet (scores between 0.5 and 1.5, on a scale from −2 to +2). However, significant differences were found between age groups (p = 0.004), with a higher average score for young adults, and also between groups with different levels of education (p = 0.025), with a higher score for university degree. The variable chronic diseases also showed significant differences (p = 0.017), so that people who did not have any chronic diseases obtained a higher score.

Originality/value
This study is considered important because it provides evidences about the relation between nutrition knowledge and the perceptions towards a healthy diet. The study allowed concluding that the participants were aware about some nutritional aspects of their diets and, therefore, their perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet. This finding is very relevant because it could be a support for health policy initiatives directed at promoting healthy eating behaviours.
Competing with the grey market: Puzey and Payne in Zimbabwe
Authors: Simba Amon , Smith David J. , Dube Tatenda 
Published: April 2018

Synopsis
The case study analyses competition in the automobile industry in Zimbabwe, a developing economy. From that perspective, it discusses Puzey and Payne’s business operations; a company with a long-standing history in the country’s automobile industry. Since its establishment during the Colonial era, the company endured a prolonged period of rapid car and spare parts sales decline in 2012. Following a management buyout deal in 2013, the decline in sales proved to be its real dilemma and it required strategic decisions to diffuse the impact of the “grey markets”. Government policies added to the company’s problems.

Research methodology
The case study follows a qualitative research approach. Information about Puzey and Payne’s business operations was gathered from archived materials, through qualitative conversations as well as company artefacts. Published materials in newspapers and magazines were used to provide background information.

Relevant courses and levels
The case study is appropriate for both undergraduate and postgraduate students studying International Business Management.
Under Armour: repositioning for the global stage
Authors: James Constance R. , Whitney Keith 
Published: April 2018

Synopsis
Over the last two decades, Under Armour (UA) has emerged from being the “underdog” in the sports apparel and footwear industry to being a leader in the industry, with a fierce attention to performance and great skill at picking up-and-coming athletes who emerge as superstars. This case underscores its administrative heritage, competitive strategy, and growth potential as a global player in a highly competitive industry. It addresses the tension between being a performance brand while launching lines for women vs technology applications and conflicts between its growth strategy and macro-economic forces. It highlights areas in which it has succeeded against macro-economic forces and where it has not.

Research methodology
The research relies primarily on secondary sources and countless studies of UA and its major competitors. Primary research is based on databases, videos of UA’s Chief Executive Officer, Kevin Plank, and articles from Bloomberg to The Baltimore Sun (UA’s headquarters) on the history, growth and future of UA. It also includes observations and site visits to one of its signature brand house stores as well as intensive research and directed studies with students in the USA and China.

Relevant courses and levels
The case can be applied to undergraduate, graduate or executive business classes in: business policy and strategy; general management; (sports) marketing; leadership or organisational behaviour classes.
The Case for a Participation Income: Acknowledging and Valuing the Diversity of Social Participation
Authors: Hiilamo Heikki , Komp Kathrin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnthony Atkinson's idea of a participation income draws attention to the various ways in which people contribute to society. Current discussions on social participation go beyond paid work to include volunteering, education, and caregiving to kin. With the idea of the participation income, various forms of contribution can be highlighted and acknowledged. This article investigates how the idea of a participation income is reflected in Danish, Finnish, German and Dutch social policies. It shows that different elements of a participation income are incorporated in active labour market policies: Denmark adopted a narrow focus on paid work; Finland seeks tailor‐made solutions for the long‐term unemployed; Germany reformed many policy areas to achieve a better activation; and the Netherlands acknowledges a wide range of social participation forms. These country differences highlight that governments can adapt the idea of a participation income to achieve the focus they desire.
Addressing Uncertainty in Efficient Mitigation of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Eory Vera , Topp Cairistiona F. E. , Butler Adam , Moran Dominic 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe agricultural sector, as an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is under pressure to reduce its contribution to climate change. Decisions on financing and regulating agricultural GHG mitigation are often informed by cost‐effectiveness analysis of the potential GHG reduction in the sector. A commonly used tool for such analysis is the bottom‐up marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) which assesses mitigation options and calculates their cumulative cost‐effective mitigation potential. MACCs are largely deterministic, typically not reflecting uncertainties in underlying input variables. We analyse the uncertainty of GHG mitigation estimates in a bottom‐up MACC for agriculture, for those uncertainties capable of quantitative assessment. Our analysis identifies the sources and types of uncertainties in the cost‐effectiveness analysis and estimates the statistical uncertainty of the results by propagating uncertainty through the MACC via Monte Carlo analysis. For the case of Scottish agriculture, the uncertainty of the cost‐effective abatement potential from agricultural land, as expressed by the coefficient of variation, was between 9.6% and 107.3% across scenarios. This means that the probability of the actual abatement being less than half of the estimated abatement ranged from <1% (in the scenario with lowest uncertainty) to 32% (in the scenario with highest uncertainty). The main contributors to uncertainty are the adoption rate and abatement rate. While most mitigation options appear to be ‘win–win’ under some scenarios, many have a high probability of switching between being cost‐ineffective and cost‐effective.
Design Factors Influencing Willingness‐to‐Pay Estimates in the Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak (BDM) Mechanism and the Non‐hypothetical Choice Experiment: A Case of Biofortified Maize in Zambia
Authors: Hamukwala Priscilla , Oparinde Adewale , Binswanger‐Mkhize Hans Peter , Kirsten Johann 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo of the experimental methods used to estimate willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for a non‐market good, the Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak (BDM) mechanism and the non‐hypothetical choice experiment (nHCE) often lead to significantly different WTP estimates, complicating the choice between the methods. In Zambia the same group of researchers used both techniques to evaluate WTP for orange maize, which provides more vitamin A than other varieties. This provided an opportunity to analyse the sources of the difference. In the BDM experiment, one group of respondents was provided with more training opportunities than the other, and made higher bids. Accounting for lexicographic behaviour in the nHCE reduced the estimated WTP. These two design factors together resulted in a decrease in the WTP difference for orange maize (1,279–632 ZMK) although the difference remains statistically significant. More training was also shown to eliminate the effects of different orders in which maize varieties were presented.
The Cloaked Self: Professional Decloaking and its Implications for Human Engagement in Nursing
Authors: Sheerin Fintan 
Published: April 2018

PURPOSEMuch of our practice as nurses is predicated on the development of a trusting relationship between patient and nurse. Through this, the nurse and patient can identify the issues which are challenging health, the desired outcomes of care and the interventions that will be enacted, by both parties, in order to achieve these outcomes. Often, though, both nurses and patients find it difficult to put aside the relative roles that they play in health care and the level of engagement that is possible may not be achieved.METHODSIn this theoretical paper, I will explore the importance of human engagement to nursing practice, drawing, in a reflective and personal manner, on experiences gained throughout my 30 years of providing nursing service.CONCLUSIONSHuman engagement is central to the practice of nursing, but if engagement is to be valid, it must involve a dialogic transaction between the nurse and patient such that both parties are changed and there is a commitment to journey together, as humans, in the hope of finding positive outcomes for both.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONSIn a time of increasing tendency to build boundaries between people and communities, it is imperative that nursing does not lose its most essential quality: the coming together of human beings in dialogic engagement.
The vaginal microbiome amplifies sex hormone‐associated cyclic changes in cervicovaginal inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption
Authors: Bradley Frideborg , Birse Kenzie , Hasselrot Klara , Noël‐Romas Laura , Introini Andrea , Wefer Hugo , Seifert Maike , Engstrand Lars , Tjernlund Annelie , Broliden Kristina , Burgener Adam D. 
Published: April 2018

ProblemSusceptibility to HIV is associated with the menstrual cycle and vaginal microbiome, but their collective impact on vaginal inflammation remains unclear. Here, we characterized the cervicovaginal proteome, inflammation, and microbiome community structure and function during the menstrual cycle.Method of studyCervicovaginal secretions were collected from regularly cycling women (n = 16) at median day 10, 16, and 24 of each menstrual cycle and analyzed by mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and a multiplex bead array immunoassay. Follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases were defined by serum sex hormone levels.ResultsOvulation showed the largest mucosal proteome changes, where 30% and 19% of the 406 human proteins identified differed compared to the luteal and follicular phases, respectively. Neutrophil/leukocyte migration pathways were lowest during ovulation and peaked in the luteal phase, while antimicrobial and epithelial barrier promoting proteins were highest during ovulation. Vaginal microbial community structure and function did not vary significantly during the menstrual cycle, with the majority consistently Lactobacillus‐dominant (63%) or non‐Lactobacillus‐dominant (25%). Fluctuations in the epithelial barrier protein RPTN between the ovulatory and luteal phase were amplified in women with Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria and reduced when Lactobacillus was dominant.ConclusionThis small study demonstrates that sex hormones modulate neutrophil/leukocyte inflammation, barrier function, and antimicrobial pathways in the female genital tract with the strongest changes occurring during ovulation. The data further suggest a microbiome context for hormone‐driven changes in vaginal immunity which may have implications for HIV susceptibility.
17OHP‐C in patients with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes: is there an effect according to the presence of intra‐amniotic inflammation?
Authors: Yoneda Satoshi , Yoneda Noriko , Shiozaki Arihiro , Yoshino Osamu , Ueno Tomohiro , Niimi Hideki , Kitajima Isao , Tamura Kentaro , Kawasaki Yukako , Makimoto Masami , Yoshida Taketoshi , Saito Shigeru 
Published: April 2018

ProblemIt is not known whether 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP‐C) is effective for preventing preterm delivery with an episode of preterm labor (PTL) with or without intra‐amniotic inflammation/infection.Methods of studyThis was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and seven PTL patients were selected and divided into a 17OHP‐C group (use of 17OHP‐C: n = 53) and a no‐treatment group (no use of 17OHP‐C: n = 54). Moreover, the patients were divided into three subgroups (subgroup A: without intra‐amniotic inflammation, B: with mild intra‐amniotic inflammation, and C: with severe intra‐amniotic inflammation) according to their level of amniotic interleukin (IL)‐8, and perinatal prognosis was analyzed.ResultsInterval from admission to delivery (days) in the 17OHP‐C group (76 [13‐126], n = 34) was significantly longer than that in the no‐treatment group (50 [8‐104], n = 33; P = .012) in subgroup B. In cases without intra‐amniotic microbes in subgroup B, a significant prolongation of gestational days was associated with the 17OHP‐C group (79 [13‐126], n = 25) compared with the no‐treatment group (50 [8‐104], n = 29; P = .029). However, there were no significant differences in subgroups A or C.Conclusion17OHP‐C could prolong gestational period in limited PTL cases with sterile mild intra‐amniotic inflammation.
Combined effect of apigenin and ferulic acid on frozen‐thawed boar sperm quality
Authors: Pei Yifei , Yang Li , Wu Lin , He Huanshan , Geng Guoxia , Xu Dejun , Chen Huali , Li Qingwang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe main aim of the present study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of apigenin (AP) and ferulic acid (FA) on boar sperm during cryopreservation. AP and FA were both demonstrated to be high‐efficiency antioxidants and had not previously been used to protect sperm from cryodamage. As boar sperm is sensitive to oxidative stress, suitable antioxidants are still needed for improving frozen‐thawed sperm quality. With this purpose, semen samples coming from five boars were used in this study. Ejaculates of five boars were mixed and split into 16 aliquots, in which different doses of AP and FA were added separately or together. The motility, the plasma membrane integrity, the mitochondrial activity, the acrosomal integrity, the antioxidase activities and the malondialdehyde concentration of the frozen‐thawed boar sperm were assessed. The results suggested that both AP and FA significantly improved the frozen‐thawed boar sperm quality in all these aspects when they were added to the freezing extender separately, while the highest improvement was recorded when the extender was supplemented with 0.1 mmol/L AP plus 0.15 mmol/L FA. These findings demonstrated that supplementation of freezing extender with both AP and FA had a combined, beneficial effect on frozen‐thawed boar sperm.
Effect of supplemental dietary slow‐release urea on growth performance and physiological status of dairy heifers
Authors: Zhang Jiaojiao , Qiu Qiang , Shang Zhanhuan , Liu Shujie , Degen Allan , Li Shanshan , Yan Qi , Wang Weiwei , Jing Xiaoping , Bai Yanfu , Ding Luming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe examined the effect of supplemental dietary slow‐release urea on the growth performance and physiological status of 16 dairy Holstein heifers (10 months of age, 322 ± 10 kg). The heifers were offered a formulated isocaloric and isonitrogenous 70:30 roughage : concentrate ration and were assigned randomly to one of four levels of slow‐release urea supplementation (0% [U0], 1% [U1], 1.5% [U1.5] and 2% [U2] dry matter [DM]). The total study lasted 95 days, which included a 20 days adaptation period. Dry matter intake (DMI) of U2 was lower than the intakes of U0 and U1 (p < .05), while average daily gains (ADG) of U1 and U1.5 were higher than U0 and U2 (p < .05). Rumen volatile fatty acids concentration did not differ among the four treatments, while ammonia nitrogen concentration increased with an increase in urea level (p < .05). Serum blood urea nitrogen concentration was lower in U1.5 than in U0 and U2 while serum free fatty acids concentration in U2 was higher than in the other three treatments (p < .05). We concluded that the addition of urea at a level of 1.5 to 2.0% DM resulted in a reduction in DMI but the addition of 1.0%–1.5% urea resulted in the highest ADG, with no negative effects on rumen fermentation and health status of the calves.
Comparative proteomic analysis of hypothalamus tissue from Huoyan geese between pre‐laying period and laying period using an iTRAQ‐based approach
Authors: Cao Zhongzan , Fan Ruiming , Meng Bo , Xing Zhe , Liu Mei , Gao Ming , Luan Xinhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe hypothalamus plays a central role in controlling poultry endocrine and reproductive activities. So far there is limited information focused on the proteome profiles of the hypothalamus from geese during different stages of the egg‐laying cycle. In order to identify proteins regulating the egg‐laying process of Huoyan geese, we investigated the proteome profiles of the hypothalamus from Huoyan geese during the laying period and pre‐laying period by applying an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐based proteomic technology. A total number of 3,337 were identified and quantified, of which 18 were significantly up‐regulated and 16 were significantly down‐regulated. These differentially expressed proteins were subjected to bioinformatics analyses based on the Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. Some of these were revealed to be involved in hormone and neurotransmitter secretion, exocytosis, calcium ion transport and synaptic transmission. Subsequently, excitatory amino acid transporter 2, complexin‐1 and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor, type 3 were confirmed at the messenger RNA level using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Then, the abundance change of these proteins was verified further using Western blotting analysis. These data may aid in elucidating the molecular mechanism of higher laying performance in Huoyan geese.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Clydesdale gelding
Authors: Cullimore AM , Lester GD , Secombe CJ , Campbell K 
Published: April 2018

Case reportA 7‐year‐old Clydesdale gelding was referred with a history of progressive lethargy and ventral oedema. The horse developed diarrhoea after treatment with antibiotics by the referring veterinarian. History, clinical signs, imaging and laboratory findings were consistent with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated by antibiotic‐associated colitis. Progression of clinical signs prompted euthanasia and the antemortem diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was confirmed at postmortem examination.ConclusionPrimary HCM is reported as rare in horses, but specific descriptions are lacking. The history, clinical, laboratory and postmortem findings in this case supported a diagnosis of HCM, complicated by antibiotic‐associated colitis.
Health worker migration and migrant healthcare: Seeking cosmopolitanism in the NHS
Authors: Shahvisi Arianne 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe U.K.'s National Health Service (NHS) is critically reliant on staff from overseas, which means that a sizeable number of U.K. healthcare professionals have received their training at the cost of other states, whose populations are urgently in need of healthcare professionals. At the same time, while healthcare is widely seen as a primary good, many migrants are unable to access the NHS without charge, and anti‐immigration political trends are likely to further reduce that access. Both of these topics have received close attention in the global health ethics literature. In this article, I make the novel move of suggesting that these two seemingly disparate issues should be folded into the same moral narrative. The ‘brain drain’ upon which the NHS and its users depend derives from the same gradient of wealth, security, and opportunity that produces migrants who require the NHS. I endorse moral cosmopolitanism as a lens for understanding patients' right to healthcare regardless of nationality or immigration status. I argue that the NHS in its current formulation effectively enacts a partial cosmopolitanism in its reliance on medical workers from abroad, but could more meaningfully instantiate that cosmopolitanism were it to offer the same healthcare to migrants as it does to citizens.
Writing and iPads in the early years: Perspectives from within the classroom
Authors: Dunn Jill , Sweeney Tony 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWriting is a complex and effortful activity and recent surveys indicate that fewer children are enjoying writing or engaging in writing outside of school. Yet compositional writing is a part of the primary curriculum and is an essential part of education. This small‐scale international study aimed to garner the views of primary school teachers and children on using iPads in teaching compositional writing and how this writing differed from using paper and pencils. Three teachers and classes of primary school children in Northern Ireland and in the Republic of Ireland participated in the study. Individual interviews with the teachers, focus groups with the children and child‐led virtual tours of the iPad were all used to gather perspectives. All participants reported on the benefits of using iPads to teach compositional writing. These included fun and enjoyment, greater choice and creativity, the value of multimodal communication and assistance with spelling. However, all participants also advocated a balanced approach to the teaching of compositional writing.
Learning and Socializing Preferences in Hong Kong Chinese Children
Authors: Chen Eva E. , Corriveau Kathleen H. , Lai Veronica K.W. , Poon Sze Long , Gaither Sarah E. 
Published: April 2018

The impact of social group information on the learning and socializing preferences of Hong Kong Chinese children were examined. Specifically, the degree to which variability in racial out‐group exposure affects children's use of race to make decisions about unfamiliar individuals (Chinese, White, Southeast Asian) was investigated. Participants (N = 212; Mage = 60.51 months) chose functions for novel objects after informants demonstrated their use; indicated with which peer group member to socialize; and were measured on racial group recognition, preference, and identification. Overall, children preferred in‐group members, though out‐group exposure and the relative social status of out‐groups mattered as well. At a young age, children's specific experiences with different races influence how they learn and befriend others across racial group lines.