bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Palliative Care Champions to Promote High‐Quality Care to Those with Serious Illness
Authors: Kamal Arif H. , Bowman Brynn , Ritchie Christine S. 
Published: May 2019

Leading medical authorities advocate for routine integration of palliative care for all major causes of death in the United States. With rapid growth and acceptance, the field of palliative care is tasked with addressing a compelling question of its time: “Who will deliver timely, evidence‐based palliative care to all who should benefit?”The current number of palliative care specialists will not suffice to meet the needs of persons with serious illness. In 2010, initial estimates quantified the shortage at 6000 to 18 000 additional palliative care physicians needed to fully staff existing programs. Unfortunately, the predicted number of specialty physicians in 2030 will likely not be larger than the workforce in existence today. These findings result in a physician‐to‐serious‐illness‐person ratio of about 1:28 000 in 2030.1To address the workforce shortage, stronger alignment is needed between intensity of patient needs and provision of palliative care services. Such an alignment better harnesses the talents of those in a position to deliver core palliative care services (such as discussing goals of care with patients or managing their symptoms) while engaging palliative care specialists to address more complex issues.We introduce the concept of “Palliative Care Champions,” who sit at the nexus between specialty palliative care and the larger clinical workforce. Acknowledging that the needs of most patients can be met by clinicians who have received basic palliative care training, and that specialty palliative care is not always available for those with more complex needs, there exists an important opportunity for those with additional interest to scale training and quality improvement to fill this void. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S461–S467, 2019.
Evaluation of platelet‐rich plasma vs intralesional steroid in treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: Albalat Waleed , Ebrahim Howyda M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is nonscarring patchy area of hair loss. Platelets rich plasma (PRP) promotes development of new hair follicles. Dermoscopy is a diagnostic tool that helps in evaluation of skin microstructures which are not visible to naked eye.AimTo evaluate safety and efficacy of (PRP) vs intralesional corticosteroid (ILCs) in treatment of AA.Patients and methodsThis study was conducted on 80 patients of both sexes who had AA. Patients were classified into Group I treated by ILCs and group II treated by (PRP). Results were assessed by dermoscopic evaluation and by hair re‐growth score (RGS) at (baseline), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Patients were followed up for 6 months.ResultsThere was greater hair re‐growth after treatment in both groups. In group I, (26) patients (65%) showed improvement >70% compared to 29 patients (72.5%) in group II. There was significant re‐growth of pigmented hair and decrease in dystrophic hair (P < 0.001) by dermoscopic evaluation in both groups. The difference between both groups was insignificant (P = 0.57). At follow‐up, two (5%) patients in group II had relapse compared to 10 (25%) patients in group I.ConclusionPlatelets rich plasma is safe and promising therapeutic option in AA.
The risk of moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain following the placement of dental implants
Authors: Wang Meijie , Li Yiyuan , Li Junying , Fan Linli , Yu Haiyang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the implant‐supported dentures have risen rapidly, and thus, more attention was paid to post‐operative pain, following dental implantation. To explore risk factors and establish as well as validate a risk prediction model for moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain following dental implantation. A observational study of 352 patients with 563 implants was carried out. The following candidate predictors were collected: age, gender, pain sensitivity, anxiety, pain expectation, operator experience, position, length and number of placed implants, duration of surgery and surgery procedures. The outcome was the presence of moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain within the 24 hours post‐surgery. Multivariate logistic regression in combination with bootstrapping techniques was used to explore independent risk factors and establish a prediction model. The mean pain intensity score was 4.21 within 24 hours post‐operatively, while the incidence of moderate‐to‐severe pain was 61.9%. Independent risk factors of moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain were flap surgery, surgical template, the interaction between anxiety state and pain sensitivity, the interaction between pain sensitivity and pain expectation and the interaction between implant length and immediate implant. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.72. The model's sensitivity was 75.7%, and the specificity was 64.2%. The model reliability was good (Nagelkerke's R2 0.226). The risk factors and the prediction model (needs further improvement) can help dentists to identify patients at increased risk of moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain following dental implantation.
The Up‐ and Downside of Dual Identity: Stereotype Threat and Minority Performance
Authors: Baysu Gülseli , Phalet Karen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSocial identity and acculturation research mostly documents benefits of dual identity for immigrant minorities’ adaptation. Drawing on stereotype threat research, we argue that dual identity can be (1) beneficial in low‐threat contexts and (2) costly in high‐threat contexts. Two field experiments in schools induced stereotype threat by randomly assigning minority students (Study 1: N = 174, Study 2: N = 735) to stereotype threat (making ethnicity salient) versus control conditions before taking a test. We assessed dual identity as dual commitments to (combined) minority and majority cultures. In support of the predicted benefits of dual identity in low‐threat contexts, dual identifiers outperformed and had higher self‐esteem than did otherwise‐identified students in the control condition, while the advantage of dual identity disappeared in the threat condition (Study 1). In support of the predicted costs of a dual identity in high‐threat contexts, dual identifiers reported more anxiety (Study 1) and performed worse (Study 2) in the threat condition compared to the control condition. These experimental findings suggest that dual identities may either help or hinder minority performance depending on stereotype threat in academic contexts.
On the distributional effects of commodity taxation
Authors: Carbonell‐Nicolau Oriol 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA commodity tax system is inequality reducing if the after‐tax distribution of income Lorenz dominates the before‐tax distribution of income, regardless of initial conditions. This paper identifies necessary and sufficient conditions under which an ad valorem commodity tax system is inequality reducing, shedding light on the role of taxing luxury—as opposed to necessary—commodities in the equalization of after‐tax incomes.
Perceived barriers related to testing, management and treatment of HCV infection among physicians prescribing opioid agonist therapy: The C‐SCOPE Study
Authors: Litwin Alain H. , Drolet Martine , Nwankwo Chizoba , Torrens Martha , Kastelic Andrej , Walcher Stephan , Somaini Lorenzo , Mulvihill Emily , Ertl Jochen , Grebely Jason 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this analysis was to evaluate perceived barriers related to HCV testing, management and treatment among physicians practicing in clinics offering opioid agonist treatment (OAT). C‐SCOPE was a study consisting of a self‐administered survey among physicians practicing at clinics providing OAT in Australia, Canada, Europe and the United States between April and May 2017. A 5‐point Likert scale (1 = not a barrier, 3 = moderate barrier, 5 = extreme barrier) was used to measure responses to perceived barriers for HCV testing, evaluation and treatment across the domains of the health system, clinic and patient. Among the 203 physicians enrolled (40% USA, 45% Europe, 14% Australia/Canada), 21% were addiction medicine specialists, 29% psychiatrists and 69% were metro/urban. OAT physicians in this study reported poor access to on‐site venepuncture (35%), point‐of‐care HCV testing (16%), and noninvasive liver disease assessment (25%). Only 30% of OAT physicians reported personally treating HCV infection. Major perceived health system barriers to HCV management included the lack of funding for noninvasive liver disease testing, long wait times to see an HCV specialist, lack of funding for new HCV therapies, and reimbursement restrictions based on drug/alcohol use. Major perceived clinic barriers included the lack of peer support programmes and/or HCV case managers to facilitate linkage to care, the need to refer people off‐site for noninvasive liver disease staging, the lack of support for on‐site phlebotomy and the lack of on‐site delivery of HCV therapy. This study highlights several important modifiable barriers to enhance HCV testing, evaluation and treatment among PWID attending OAT clinics.
CspA regulation of Staphylococcus aureus carotenoid levels and σB activity is controlled by YjbH and Spx
Authors: Donegan Niles P. , Manna Adhar C. , Tseng Ching Wen , Liu George Y. , Cheung Ambrose L. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryStaphyloxanthin, a carotenoid in S. aureus, is a powerful antioxidant against oxidative stresses. The crtOPQMN operon driving pigment synthesis is under the control of σB. CspA, a cold shock protein, is known to control σB activity. To ascertain genes that regulate cspA, we screened a transposon library that exhibited reduced cspA expression and pigmentation. We found that the adaptor protein YjbH activates cspA expression. Spx, the redox‐sensitive transcriptional regulator and a proteolytic target for YjbH and ClpXP, complexes with αCTD of RNAP prior to binding the cspA promoter to repress cspA activity. Increased cspA expression in trans in the inactive spx C10A mutant of JE2 did not enhance pigment production while it did in JE2, suggesting that cspA is downstream to Spx in pigmentation control. As the staphyloxanthin pigment is critical to S. aureus survival in human hosts, we demonstrated that the cspA and yjbH mutants survived less well than the parent in whole blood killing assay. Collectively, our studies suggest a pathway wherein YjbH and ClpXP proteolytically cleave Spx, a repressor of cspA transcription, to affect σB‐dependent carotenoid expression, thus providing a critical link between intracellular redox sensing by Spx and carotenoid production to improve S. aureus survival during infections.
Survival factor 1 contributes to the oxidative stress response and is required for full virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Yu Yang , Du Jiao , Wang Yabo , Zhang Mengyao , Huang Zhiqiang , Cai Junsong , Fang Anfei , Yang Yuheng , Qing Ling , Bi Chaowei , Cheng Jiasen 
Published: May 2019

SummarySclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen that infects over 400 species of plants worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulations are critical for the pathogenic development of S. sclerotiorum. The fungus applies enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants to cope with the oxidative stress during the infection processes. Survival factor 1 was identified and characterized to promote survival under conditions of oxidative stress in Saccharomyes cerevisiae. In this research, a gene named SsSvf1 was predicted to encode a survival factor 1 homologue in S. sclerotiorum. SsSvf1 transcripts showed high expression levels in hyphae under oxidative stress. Silencing of SsSvf1 resulted in increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in culture and increased levels of intracellular ROS. Transcripts of SsSvf1 showed a dramatic increase during the initial stage of infection and the gene‐silenced strains displayed reduced virulence on oilseed rape and Arabidopsis thaliana. Inhibition of plant ROS production partially restores virulence of SsSvf1 gene‐silenced strains. SsSvf1 gene‐silenced strains exhibited normal oxalate production, but were impaired in compound appressorium formation and cell wall integrity. The results suggest that SsSvf1 is involved in coping with ROS during fungal‐host interactions and plays a crucial role in the pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum.
Pleiotropy in developmental regulation by flowering‐pathway genes: is it an evolutionary constraint?
Authors: Auge Gabriela A. , Penfield Steven , Donohue Kathleen 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPleiotropy occurs when one gene influences more than one trait, contributing to genetic correlations among traits. Consequently, it is considered a constraint on the evolution of adaptive phenotypes because of potential antagonistic selection on correlated traits, or, alternatively, preservation of functional trait combinations. Such evolutionary constraints may be mitigated by the evolution of different functions of pleiotropic genes in their regulation of different traits. Arabidopsis thaliana flowering‐time genes, and the pathways in which they operate, are among the most thoroughly studied regarding molecular functions, phenotypic effects, and adaptive significance. Many of them show strong pleiotropic effects. Here, we review examples of pleiotropy of flowering‐time genes and highlight those that also influence seed germination. Some genes appear to operate in the same genetic pathways when regulating both traits, whereas others show diversity of function in their regulation, either interacting with the same genetic partners but in different ways or potentially interacting with different partners. We discuss how functional diversification of pleiotropic genes in the regulation of different traits across the life cycle may mitigate evolutionary constraints of pleiotropy, permitting traits to respond more independently to environmental cues, and how it may even contribute to the evolutionary divergence of gene function across taxa.
Grape‐derived polyphenols produce antidepressant effects via VGF‐ and BDNF‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Sakakibara Emmy , Lin Wei‐Jye , Wang Jun , Pasinetti Giulio M. , Salton Stephen R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest that bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (BDPP) and individual polyphenolic compounds ameliorate stress‐induced depression‐like behaviors, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. VGF (non‐acronymic) in the dorsal hippocampus (dHc) has been shown to play a role in depression‐like behaviors and antidepressant efficacy, and the VGF‐derived peptide TLQP‐62 (named by the N‐terminal 4 amino acids and length) infused into dHc has been shown to have antidepressant efficacy that is BDNF–TrkB dependent. Here, we investigated whether BDPP influences VGF expression in the dHc, and whether dHc VGF is required for BDPP antidepressant efficacy. We found that BDPP produced antidepressant‐like effects in naive mice and reversed the depression‐like behaviors induced by chronic variable stress. In addition, we found that BDPP had no detectable antidepressant efficacy in floxed mice with prior knockdown in the dHc of either VGF or BDNF, achieved by adeno‐associated virus‐Cre infusion. Our data indicate that dHc VGF and BDNF expression are required for the antidepressant actions of BDPP, and therefore suggest that a VGF(TLQP‐62)–BDNF–TrkB autoregulatory feedback loop could play a role in the regulation of BDPP antidepressant efficacy, much as it has been suggested to function in the antidepressant efficacies of ketamine and TLQP‐62.
Effect of systemically administered oxytocin on dose response for methylphenidate self‐administration and mesolimbic dopamine levels
Authors: Lee Mary R. , Rohn Matthew C.H. , Zanettini Claudio , Coggiano Mark A. , Leggio Lorenzo , Tanda Gianluigi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) alters behaviors related to the administration of drugs of abuse, including stimulants. OT also plays a key role in social bonding, which involves an interaction between OT and dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The nature of the interaction between OT and DA in the striatum in the context of psychostimulants is unclear. We investigated the effect of OT, delivered intraperitoneally, on the methylphenidate (MP) dose–response function for self‐administration in rats. Food was used as a control condition. In a microdialysis study, we measured the effect of intraperitoneal OT on MP‐stimulated striatal DA levels. Systemic OT pretreatment caused a downward shift in the MP dose–response function for self‐administration, while having no effect on motor activity. OT also caused a reduction in food self‐administration, although a significantly higher dose of OT was required for this effect compared with that required for a reduction of MP self‐administration. Systemic OT pretreatment caused a potentiation of MP‐stimulated DA levels in the NAc shell but not in the core. The significance of these findings is discussed, including the potential of OT as a therapeutic agent for addictive disorders.
Salivary protein biomarkers associated with orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review
Authors: Allen Riley K. , Edelmann Alexander R. , Abdulmajeed Aous , Bencharit Sompop 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveSaliva can provide a non‐invasive approach to indicate changes in the oral and systemic conditions. Salivary proteomics allows the discovery of new protein biomarkers associated with certain conditions. The effectiveness and physiological effects of orthodontic tooth movement in theory can be measured using salivary protein biomarkers.Setting and Sample PopulationThis study applied a systematic review to analyse current literature to define and summarize salivary biomarkers associated with orthodontic tooth movement identified by mass spectrometry proteomics and other protein detection techniques.Materials and MethodsPeer‐reviewed articles published through the 15th of November 2018 via the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Dentistry & Oral Sciences databases were reviewed. Only studies analysing protein biomarkers in saliva samples collected from human subjects associated with orthodontic treatments were included.ResultsOut of 482 articles, 7 studies were selected. Sample size ranged from 3 to 72 subjects. Minor variations of unstimulated whole saliva sample collection protocol were noted. Mass spectrometry proteomics and ELISA represented the majority of biomarker discovery and targeting, respectively. Twenty biomarkers were identified or chosen as target biomarkers.ConclusionSalivary proteins may be used to indicate effectiveness of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic treatment as well as adverse treatment consequence, such as root resorption.
A novel nonsense substitution identified in the AMIGO2 gene in an Occulo‐Auriculo‐Vertebral spectrum patient
Authors: Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar , Farrow Emily , Sanchez–Lara Pedro A. , Yen Stephen , Lypka Michael , Jiang Shao , Allareddy Veerasathpurush 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveCraniofacial microsmia is the second most common congenital disorder with mostly unilateral defects of ear, temporomandibular joint, mandible, and muscles of facial expression and mastication. The objective of this study was to identify, if there were any, de novo germline or somatic variants in a patient with Occulo‐Auriculo‐Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) using whole‐exome sequencing.Settings and Sample PopulationTrio/Family‐based study of an OAVS proband.Materials and MethodsChildren's Mercy Hospital Institutional Review Board approved this study and a request‐to‐rely was procured from the University of Missouri Kansas City IRB. Informed assent/consent was obtained for all family members prior to any research activities. The peripheral blood/affected side tissues from corrective surgery of the proband and peripheral blood samples from unaffected parents were collected. The isolated genomic DNA were enriched for exomes and sequenced on an Illlumina HiSeq 2500 instrument yielding paired‐end 125 nucleotide reads (84X coverage). Gapped alignment to reference sequences (GRCh37.p5) was performed with BWA and the GATK and analysis completed using custom‐developed software.ResultsAnalyses revealed that the proband carried a de novo germ line nonsense substitution (c.901C>T) in AMIGO2 gene, and missense substitutions in ZCCHC14 (c.1198C>T), and in SZT2 genes (c.2951C>T).ConclusionsThe nonsense substitution in AMIGO2 gene introduces a premature stop codon possibly rendering the gene non‐functional via nonsense‐mediated pathway decay—therefore considered a stronger candidate. Further functional studies are required to confirm whether loss‐of‐function variants in AMIGO2 can cause OAVS.
Compliance monitoring via a Bluetooth‐enabled retainer: A prospective clinical pilot study
Authors: Castle Eric , Chung Philip , Behfar Mohammad H. , Chen Matthew , Gao Jonathan , Chiu Nicholas , Nelson Gerald , Roy Shuvo , Oberoi Snehlata 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a prospective pilot trial to test the clinical efficacy and accuracy of a newly developed Bluetooth‐enabled retainer, which was synchronized with an iOS mobile application, cloud database and provider webpage.Setting and Sample PopulationFive orthodontic residents in a university setting.Material and MethodsAt the delivery of the retainers (T0), each participant was given an Bluetooth‐enabled retainer, logbook and iPod Touch installed with the mobile application. Participants were instructed to wear the retainer for 12 hours per day and record in the logbook each time the retainer was inserted or removed and trained to synchronize the device daily to the mobile application. After the 5‐day study period (T1), statistical analysis was performed comparing the device‐reported data to the logbook data using two calculation methods.ResultsFrom T0 – T1, the participants wore their retainers for a median of 11.55 hours per day and the median difference between the self‐reported (logbook) data and the device data was 35 minutes or 5.1% over the 5‐day study period. Using an adjusted method to calculate the device‐reported wear time, the median error was 13 minutes or 1.9%.ConclusionSubjects were able to successfully wear the retainer and upload the data to the mobile application and cloud database. Patient compliance and technical issues could be monitored daily via the provider webpage, and early intervention was possible with reminder messaging. The Bluetooth‐enabled retainer showed a clinically acceptable level of accuracy and usability that validates it for future clinical testing.