bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing socioeconomic gap between the young and old: temporal trends in health and overall deprivation in England by age, sex, urbanity and ethnicity, 2004–2015
Authors: Kontopantelis Evangelos , Mamas Mamas A , van Marwijk Harm , Buchan Iain , Ryan Andrew M , Doran Tim 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAt a low geographical level, little is known about the associations between population characteristics and deprivation, and their trends, which would be directly affected by the house market, labour pressures and government policies. We describe temporal trends in health and overall deprivation in England by age, sex, urbanity and ethnicity.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional whole population study for England, 2004–2015, at a low geographical level (average 1500 residents). We calculated weighted medians of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for each subgroup of interest.ResultsOver time, we observed increases in relative deprivation for people aged under 30, and aged 30–59, while median deprivation decreased for those aged 60 or over. Subgroup analyses indicated that relative overall deprivation was consistently higher for young adults (aged 20–29) and infants (aged 0–4), with increases in deprivation for the latter. Levels of overall deprivation in 2004 greatly varied by ethnicity, with the lowest levels observed for White British and the highest for Blacks. Over time, small reductions were observed in the deprivation gap between White British and all other ethnic groups. Findings were consistent across overall IMD and its health and disability subdomain, but large regional variability was also observed.ConclusionsGovernment policies, the financial crisis of 2008, education funding and the increasing cost of houses relative to real wages are important parameters in interpreting our findings. Socioeconomic deprivation is an important determinant of health and the inequalities this work highlights may have significant implications for future fiscal and healthcare policy.
Structural development of the Devono-Carboniferous plays of the UK North Sea
Authors: Arsenikos Stavros , Quinn Martyn , Kimbell Geoff , Williamson Paul , Pharaoh Tim , Leslie Graham , Monaghan Alison 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Decades of oil and gas exploration across the North Sea have led to a detailed understanding of its Cenozoic–Mesozoic structure. However, the deeper basin architecture of Paleozoic petroleum systems has been less well defined by seismic data. This regional structural overview of the Devono-Carboniferous petroleum systems incorporates interpretations from more than 85 000 line-kilometres of 2D seismic data and 50 3D seismic volumes, plus a gravity, density and magnetic study, from the Central Silverpit Basin to the East Orkney Basin. A complex picture of previously unmapped or poorly known basins emerges on an inherited basement fabric, with numerous granite-cored blocks. These basins are controlled by Devono-Carboniferous normal, strike-slip and reverse faults.
The main basins across Quadrants 29–44 trend NW–SE, influenced by the Tornquist trend inherited from the Caledonian basement. North of Quadrants 27 and 28, and the presumed Iapetus suture, the major depocentres are NE–SW (e.g. the Forth Approaches and Inner Moray Firth basins) to east–west (e.g. the Caithness Graben), and WNW–ESE trending (e.g. the East Orkney Basin), reflecting the basement structural inheritance. From seismic interpretation, there are indications of an older north–south fault trend in the Inner Moray Firth that is difficult to image, since it has been dissected by subsequent Permo-Carboniferous and Mesozoic faulting and rifting.
Hydrocarbon potential of the Visean and Namurian in the northern Dutch offshore
Authors: ter Borgh M. M. , Eikelenboom W. , Jaarsma B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Following the play-opening successes of the Breagh and Pegasus gas fields, we evaluated the potential of the Visean and Namurian (Carboniferous) petroleum plays in the northern Dutch offshore. This evaluation incorporated seismic and well data from the Dutch, British and German North Sea sectors. The abundance and thickness of reservoir-quality Visean–Namurian sandstones was found to increase from Breagh towards the NE. Visean–Namurian coals and shales are considered promising source rocks to charge these reservoirs in the Dutch Central Graben (DCG) and Step Graben (SG). The presence of a mature Paleozoic source rock in the SG and DCG is supported by hydrocarbon shows and vitrinite reflectance data. In the southern E and F blocks, charge may also occur laterally from Upper Carboniferous Westphalian coals. A regional post-well analysis showed that the Visean and Namurian plays are virtually untested in the Dutch northern offshore. Two tests were positive but had high N
2
contents, one was negative, while 10 wells were drilled off-structure and are therefore considered invalid tests of this play. Hence, it is concluded that the Visean and Namurian in the northern Dutch offshore have significant hydrocarbon potential.
Improved Risk Stratification by Circulating Tumor Cell Counts in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Effenberger Katharina E. , Schroeder Cornelia , Hanssen Annkathrin , Wolter Stefan , Eulenburg Christine , Tachezy Michael , Gebauer Florian , Izbicki Jacob R. , Pantel Klaus , Bockhorn Maximilian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most devastating diseases with a 5-year survival rate of 3% to 5%. Here, we investigated whether circulating tumor cells (CTC) may predict metastatic spread and survival in pancreatic cancer patients.
Experimental Design: In a prospective study, we enrolled 69 pancreatic cancer patients. In peripheral blood, CTCs were identified by MACS enrichment (anti-cytokeratin/anti-EpCam) and subsequent automated analysis after combined anti-cytokeratin/anti-CD45/DAPI staining. CTC results were correlated to established clinicopathologic risk factors, detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow, and clinical outcome (follow-up time: 48 months).
Results: Median patient survival was 11 months (0–48 months). Thirty-eight patients were male and 31 were female, and the majority received gemcitabine (58/69). CTCs were present in 23 of 69 patients (33.3%) ranging from 1 to 19 cells (17 with &gt;1 CTC). Although clinicopathologic parameters and DTC status did not correlate with CTC incidence, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly reduced in CTC-positive patients in univariate (P = 0.009, PFS; P = 0.030, OS, both log rank) and multivariate analysis [HR = 4.543; confidence interval (CI), 1.549–13.329; P = 0.006, PFS; HR = 2.093; CI, 1.081–4.050; P = 0.028, OS, both Cox regression). Also within patients receiving chemotherapy, PFS was significantly reduced in CTC-positive patients in univariate (P = 0.013) and multivariate (HR = 4.203; CI, 1.416–12.471; P = 0.010) analysis.
Conclusions: CTCs affect the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer independent from other risk factors, including patients receiving (adjuvant) cytotoxic therapy. CTC stratification may allow a better upfront identification of patients with a longer lifespan who might profit from new adjuvant therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2844–50. ©2018 AACR.
Heparin from bovine intestinal mucosa: Glycans with multiple sulfation patterns and anticoagulant effects
Authors: Tovar Ana M. F. , Capillé Nina V. M. , Santos Gustavo R. C. , Vairo Bruno C. , Oliveira Stephan-Nicollas M. C. G. , Fonseca Roberto J. C. , Mourão Paulo A. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPharmaceutical grade heparins from porcine intestine and bovine lung consist mainly of repeating tri-sulfated units, of the disaccharide →4-α-IdoA2S-1 →4-α-GlcNS6S-1 →. Heparin preparations from bovine intestine, in contrast, are more heterogeneous. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and disaccharide analysis after heparinase digestions show that heparin from bovine intestine contains α-glucosamine with significant substitutive variations: 64% are 6-O-sulfated and N-sulfated, as in porcine intestinal heparin while 36% are 6-desulfated. Desulfated α-iduronic acid units are contained in slightly lower proportions in bovine than in porcine heparin. NMR data also indicate N-, 3-and 6-trisulfated a-glucosamine (lower proportions) and α-GlcNS-1→4-α-GlcA and α-IdoA2S-1→4-α-GlcNAc (higher amounts) in bovine than in porcine heparin. Porcine and bovine heparins can be fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into three fractions containing different substitutions on the a-glucosamine units. Each individual fraction shows close disaccharide composition and anticoagulant activity, regardless of their origin (bovine or porcine intestine). However, these two heparins differ markedly in the proportions of the three fractions. Interestingly, fractions with the typical he-parin disaccharides of porcine intestine are present in bovine intestinal heparin. These fractions contain high in vitro anticoagulant activity, reduced antithrombotic effect and high bleeding tendency. These observations indicate that the prediction of haemostatic effects of heparin preparations cannot rely exclusively on structural analysis and anticoagulant assays in vitro. Minor structural components may account for variations on in vivo effects. In conclusion, we suggest that pharmaceutical grade bovine intestinal heparin, even after purification procedures, is not an equivalent drug to porcine intestinal heparin.
On the Coupling between Barotropic and Baroclinic Modes of Extratropical Atmospheric Variability
Authors: Boljka Lina , Shepherd Theodore G. , Blackburn Michael 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The baroclinic and barotropic components of atmospheric dynamics are usually viewed as interlinked through the baroclinic life cycle, with baroclinic growth of eddies connected to heat fluxes, barotropic decay connected to momentum fluxes, and the two eddy fluxes connected through the Eliassen–Palm wave activity. However, recent observational studies have suggested that these two components of the dynamics are largely decoupled in their variability, with variations in the zonal mean flow associated mainly with the momentum fluxes, variations in the baroclinic wave activity associated mainly with the heat fluxes, and essentially no correlation between the two. These relationships are examined in a dry dynamical core model under different configurations and in Southern Hemisphere observations, considering different frequency bands to account for the different time scales of atmospheric variability. It is shown that at intermediate periods longer than 10 days, the decoupling of the baroclinic and barotropic modes of variability can indeed occur as the eddy kinetic energy at those time scales is only affected by the heat fluxes and not the momentum fluxes. The baroclinic variability includes the oscillator model with periods of 20–30 days. At both the synoptic time scale and the quasi-steady limit, the baroclinic and barotropic modes of variability are linked, consistent with baroclinic life cycles and the positive baroclinic feedback mechanism, respectively. In the quasi-steady limit, the pulsating modes of variability and their correlations depend sensitively on the model climatology.
Arctic Humidity Inversions: Climatology and Processes
Authors: Naakka Tuomas , Nygård Tiina , Vihma Timo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The occurrence and characteristics of Arctic specific humidity inversions (SHIs) were examined on the basis of two reanalyses (ERA-Interim and JRA-55) and radiosonde sounding data from 2003 to 2014. Based on physical properties, the SHIs were divided into two main categories: SHIs below and above the 800-hPa level. Above the 800-hPa level, SHIs occurred simultaneously with relative humidity inversions and without the presence of a temperature inversion; these SHIs were probably formed when a moist air mass was advected over a dry air mass. SHIs below the 800-hPa level occurred simultaneously with temperature inversions in conditions of high relative humidity, which suggests that condensation had an important role in SHI formation. Below the 800-hPa level, SHI occurrence had a large seasonal and spatial variation, which depended on the surface heat budget. In winter, most SHIs were formed because of surface radiative cooling, and the occurrence of SHIs was high (even exceeding 90% of the time) on continents and over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. In summer, the occurrence of SHIs was highest (70%–90%) over the coastal Arctic Ocean, where SHIs were generated by warm and moist air advection over a cold sea surface. In the reanalyses, the strongest SHIs occurred in summer over the Arctic Ocean. The comparisons between radiosonde soundings and the reanalyses showed that the main features of the seasonal and spatial variation of SHI occurrence and SHI strength were well represented in the reanalyses, but SHI strength was underestimated.
Bias Correction of Historical and Future Simulations of Precipitation and Temperature for China from CMIP5 Models
Authors: Yang X. , Wood E. F. , Sheffield J. , Ren L. , Zhang M. , Wang Y. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In this study, the equidistant cumulative distribution function (EDCDF) quantile-based mapping method was used to develop bias-corrected and downscaled monthly precipitation and temperature for China at 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution for the period 1961–2099 for eight CMIP5 GCM simulations. The downscaled dataset was constructed by combining observations from 756 meteorological stations across China with the monthly GCM outputs for the historical (1961–2005) and future (2006–99) periods for the lower (RCP2.6), medium (RCP4.5), and high (RCP8.5) representative concentration pathway emission scenarios. The jackknife method was used to cross validate the performance of the EDCDF method and was compared with the traditional quantile-based matching method (CDF method). This indicated that the performance of the two methods was generally comparable over the historic period, but the EDCDF was more efficient at reducing biases than the CDF method across China. The two methods had similar mean absolute error (MAE) for temperature in January and July. The EDCDF method had a slight advantage over the CDF method for precipitation, reducing the MAE by about 0.83% and 1.2% at a significance level of 95% in January and July, respectively. For future projections, both methods exhibited similar spatial patterns for longer periods (2061–90) under the RCP8.5 scenario. However, the EDCDF was more sensitive to a reduction in variability.
Comparison of HbA1c and glycated albumin as a control marker for newborn complications in diabetic women in a multicentre study in Japan (Japan glycated albumin study group: study 2)
Authors: Shimizu Ikki , Hiramatsu Yuji , Omori Yasue , Nakabayashi Masao ,   the JGA (Japan Glycated Albumin) Study Group
Published: March 2018

Background To clarify the relationship between glycated haemoglobin and glycated albumin concentrations during pregnancy with neonatal outcomes, a multicentre study was conducted by the Japanese Society of Diabetes and Pregnancy. Methods A total of 136 patients (type 1: n = 47, type 2: n = 89) who enrolled in the study were diagnosed based on the Japanese Diabetes Society diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. Thresholds for glycated haemoglobin and glycated albumin were set at 5.8% and 15.8%, respectively, as the upper limits of the reference interval in pregnant women. Result Random plasma glucose decreased linearly, and reached the reference interval at 40 weeks. Glycated albumin concentrations also decreased in the same manner. But glycated haemoglobin concentrations were out of the reference interval during the study. The frequency of the neonatal complications did not show significant differences between the glycated haemoglobin ⩾5.8% group and the glycated haemoglobin <5.8% group. On the other hand, the frequency of neonatal complications showed higher tendency of neonatal complications in the incidence of polycythaemia ( P = 0.094) and heavy-for-date ( P = 0.071) in the glycated albumin ⩾15.8% group compared with the glycated albumin <15.8 group. The respiratory disorder in type 1 diabetes was significantly higher than type 2 diabetes. Conclusions For the treatment of pregnant women with diabetes, glycated albumin would be a better marker than glycated haemoglobin. However, glycated albumin is also affected by obesity and albumin, and it is desirable to make a comprehensive judgment with glycated haemoglobin, random plasma glucose and other glycaemic index.
Urban Development and Urbanisation in the Two Frontier Regions of India
Authors: Sandhu Ranvinder S. 
Published: March 2018

Manoj Kumar Teotia, Urban Development in North-Western India: Emerging Trends, Concerns and Stratgies. Chandigarh: Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 2016, xxii + 372 pp., ₹700 (hardback). ISBN 978-81-85835-80-2. Pranjal Sarma (Ed.), Urbanization and Industrial Development. Guwahati: EBH Publishers (India), 2016, xx + 238 pp., ₹925 (hardback). ISBN 978-93-83252-88-6.
Women and Struggle for Equality
Authors: Ahlawat Neerja 
Published: March 2018

Sudha Sharma. The Status of Women in Medieval India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2016, xi+269 pp., ₹750 (hardback). ISBN 978-93-515-0566-2. Alice W. Clark. Valued Daughters: First Generation Career Women. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2016, xii+199 pp., ₹595 (hardback). ISBN 978-93-515-0888-5. Zarina Bhatty. Purdah to Piccadily: A Muslim Woman’s Struggle for Identity. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2016, xiv+196 pp., ₹595 (hardback). ISBN 978-93-515-0824-3.
Agricultural Commodity Trading: Is it Destabilizing Spot Markets?
Authors: Gupta C. P. , Sehgal Sanjay , Wadhwa Sahaj 
Published: March 2018

Executive Summary The future trading has been held responsible by certain political and interest groups of enhancing speculative trading activities and causing volatility in the spot market, thereby further spiralling up inflation. This study examines the effect of future of trading activity on spot market volatility. The study first determined the Granger causal relationship between unexpected future trading volume and spot market volatility. It then examined the Granger causal relationship between unexpected open interest and spot market volatility. The spot volatility and liquidity was modelled using EGARCH and unexpected trading volume. The expected trading volume and open interest was calculated by using the 21-day moving average, and the difference between actual and expected component was treated as the unexpected trading volume and unexpected open interest. Empirical results confirm that for chickpeas ( channa), cluster bean ( guar seed), pepper, refined soy oil, and wheat, the future (unexpected) liquidity leads spot market volatility. The causal relationship implies that trading volume, which is a proxy for speculators and day traders, is dominant in the future market and leads volatility in the spot market. The results are in conformity with earlier empirical findings — Yang, Balyeat and Leathan (2005) and Nath and Lingareddy (2008) —that future trading destabilizes the spot market for agricultural commodities. Results show that there is no causal relationship between future open interest and spot volatility for all commodities except refined soy oil and wheat. The findings imply that open interest, which is a proxy of hedging activity, is leading to volatility in spot market for refined soy oil and wheat. The results are in conformity to earlier empirical studies that there is a weak causal feedback between future unexpected open interest and volatility in spot market ( Yang et al., 2005 ). For chickpeas (channa), the increase in volatility in the spot market increases trading activity in the future market. The findings are contrary to earlier empirical evidence ( Chatrath, Ramchander, & Song, 1996 ; Yang et al., 2005 ) that increase in spot volatility reduces future trading activity. However, they are in conformity to Chen, Cuny and Haugen (1995) that increase in spot volatility increases future open interest. The results reveal that the future market has been unable to engage sufficient hedging activity. Thereby, a causal relationship exists only for future trading volume and spot volatility, and not for future open interest and spot volatility. The results have major implications for policymakers, investment managers, and for researchers as well. The study contributes to literature on price discovery, spillovers, and price destabilization for Indian commodity markets.
Demand for online platforms for medical word-of-mouth
Authors: Lin Shih Han , Lin Tom M.Y. 
Published: March 2018

The choice of medical services affects an individual’s treatment and health. However, few studies have focused on medical electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), which has the greatest impact on such choices. This study was performed to explore the need for and general public’s attitude toward medical eWOM and provide a reference for government, media, and medical practitioners. In this study, 84% of the respondents had experience using online evaluation platforms to search for eWOM, and those who were satisfied with the online evaluation platforms substantially outnumbered those who were dissatisfied. The respondents generally believed that there is a need for physician evaluation platforms, although a difference remained between respondents who needed the online evaluation platforms (72.0%) and were willing to reference them (72.0%) and those who trusted them (46.5%) and were willing to provide their opinions (55.0%). These results could signify that despite the public’s need, the public remains doubtful of the information provided by these online evaluation platforms.
Radiolucent lines are decreased at 3 years following total knee arthroplasty using trabecular metal tibial components
Authors: Mutsuzaki Hirotaka , Watanabe Arata , Kinugasa Tomonori , Ikeda Kotaro 
Published: March 2018

Objective To analyse location and frequency, and change over time, of radiolucent lines (RLLs) around trabecular metal tibial components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Osteoarthritic knees in patients who had undergone TKA were retrospectively evaluated via analysis of RLLs on anteroposterior and lateral X-rays obtained at 2 and 6 months, and 1, 2 and 3 years following TKA. Results In 125 osteoarthritic knees from 90 patients (mean age, 75.0 ± 6.2; 21 male/69 female), frequency of RLLs around trabecular metal tibial components was generally highest at 2 and 6 months, and 1 year following TKA, then gradually decreased over the 3-year follow-up. Frequency of RLLs around trabecular metal tibial components was greater at the tip of the two pegs, particularly the medial peg, and around the pegs, versus other zones. No postoperative revisions were performed for loosening. Conclusions Over 3 years following TKA, RLLs were most frequently observed up to 1 year, then gradually decreased. RLLs were significantly more frequent in the medial peg zone and zones close to the medial peg than in other zones.