bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal follow‐up of biopsy‐proven small fiber neuropathy
Authors: MacDonald Steven , Sharma Tara L. , Li Jianbo , Polston David , Li Yuebing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionLittle is published on the prognosis of small fiber neuropathy (SFN).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 101 patients with biopsy proven SFN.ResultsStudy participants included 87 patients with length‐dependent SFN and 14 patients with non–length‐dependent SFN. The average duration of symptoms was 3.2 years prior to SFN diagnosis, and the average follow‐up duration after diagnosis was 6.2 years. Neuropathic pain was present in 98% of patients and in 84.2% of patients at the final visit. The average total number of pain medications ever used was 4.4 per patient. Signs of autonomic dysfunction were initially present in 24.8% of patients, but improved in most. Large fiber involvement was seen in 11.9% of patients. Small fiber neuropathy affected employment and ambulation status in 5.3% and 6.3% of patients, respectively.DiscussionSmall fiber neuropathy tends to be stable and rarely affects ambulation and employment status. Effective pain control remains a challenge.
Experience and expectations of patients on weight loss: The Learning Health System Network Experience
Authors: DeJesus R. S. , Bauer K. W. , Bradley D. P. , Haller I. , Bradley S. M. , Schroeder D. R. , St. Sauver J. , Phelan S. M. , Croghan I. T. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObjectiveWeight perception and degree of confidence in achieving healthy lifestyle can be determinants of engagement in obesity interventions. This study explored patients' perceived need for weight loss and the degree of self‐confidence in ability to lose weight and sought to identify factors associated with patients' self‐confidence in ability to lose weight.MethodsThe authors analysed data from a survey mailed to primary care patients within five sites of the Learning Health Systems Network that explored participants' prior experience with weight management.ResultsAmong the 2,263 participants who completed the survey section on ‘Patients’ Experience with Weight Management’, perceived need to lose 51 lb or more was statistically significant among those with class III obesity compared with other body mass index (BMI) groups (p value < 0.001). Reported desire to lose weight was also significantly higher among those with the highest BMI than those who were overweight (p value < 0.001). However, this same group had the lowest belief in ability to lose weight (p value < 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis, female gender, higher BMI and need to lose >10 lb were each independently associated with less belief in being able to lose weight.ConclusionsPatients had varying perceptions on weight loss; those with category III obesity had the highest desire to lose weight but had the least confidence in ability to lose weight. Higher BMI, female gender and need to lose >10 lb were associated with decreased self‐confidence in ability to lose weight.
Second malignancies in patients treated for Ewing sarcoma: A systematic review
Authors: Caruso Jennifer , Shulman David S. , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe therapies used to treat Ewing sarcoma are associated with a risk of second malignant neoplasm (SMN). We conducted a systematic review to pool available evidence on the risks, types, and outcomes after SMN. We obtained 52 articles that met inclusion criteria. Cumulative incidence rates of SMN ranged from 0.9 to 8.4% and 10.1 to 20.5% at 5 and 30 years after initial diagnosis. Of the 327 reported SMNs, 63.6% were solid tumors, although acute myeloid leukemia /myelodysplastic syndrome was the single most commonly diagnosed SMN, with generally poor outcomes. Patients treated for Ewing sarcoma are at substantial risk of SMN, with a broad range of reported secondary cancers.
Molecular assessment of pretransplant chemotherapy in the treatment of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Hecht Anna , Meyer Julia , Chehab Farid F. , White Kristie L. , Magruder Kevin , Dvorak Christopher C. , Loh Mignon L. , Stieglitz Elliot 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite the intensity of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), relapse remains the most common cause of death in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). In contrast to other leukemias where therapy is used to reduce leukemic burden prior to transplant, many patients with JMML proceed directly to HCT with active disease. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether pre‐HCT therapy has an effect on the molecular burden of disease and how this affects outcome post‐HCT.ProcedureTwenty‐one patients with JMML who received pre‐HCT therapy and were transplanted at UCSF were analyzed in this study. The mutant allele frequency of the driver mutation was assessed before and after pre‐HCT therapy, using custom amplicon next‐generation sequencing.ResultsOf the 21 patients, seven patients (33%) responded to therapy with a significant reduction in their mutant allele frequency and were classified as molecular responders. Six of these patients received moderate‐intensity chemotherapy, one patient received only azacitidine. The 5‐year progression‐free survival after HCT of molecular responders was 100% versus 61% for nonresponders (P = .12). Survival of molecular nonresponders was not improved by use of high‐intensity conditioning, but patients were salvaged if they experienced severe graft versus host disease. There were no baseline clinical characteristics that were associated with response to pre‐HCT therapy.ConclusionsDespite the myelodysplastic nature of JMML, patients treated with pre‐HCT therapy can achieve molecular remissions. These patients experienced a trend toward improved outcomes post‐HCT. Importantly, molecular testing can be helpful to distinguish between responders and nonresponders and should become an integral part of clinical care.
Nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth
Authors: Thomsen Anne Marie L. , Liew Zeyan , Riis Anders Hammerich , Stayner Leslie Thomas , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia Høst , Sigsgaard Torben , Olsen Jørn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeNitrosatable drugs can react with nitrite in the stomach and form N‐nitroso compounds. Exposure to nitrosatable drugs has been associated with congenital malformations and preterm birth, but use during pregnancy as a cause of fetal death is not well‐known. We examined if prenatally nitrosatable drug use is associated with risk of stillbirth.MethodsA nationwide cohort was conducted using 554 844 women with singleton and first recorded pregnancies regardless of previous pregnancy history from the Danish Medical Birth Register from 1996 to 2015. Exposure was recorded by use of the Danish National Prescription Register and defined as women who had redeemed a prescribed nitrosatable drug in the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. The reference group was women with no redeemed prescribed nitrosatable drug in this time period. We categorized nitrosatable drugs as secondary amines, tertiary amines, and amides. Cox hazard regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stillbirth.ResultsAmong the 84 720 exposed women, 348 had a stillbirth compared with 1690 stillbirths among the 470 124 unexposed women. Women who used any prescribed nitrosatable drug were more likely to have a stillbirth compared with unexposed women (aHRs 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.49).ConclusionNitrosatable drug use during the first 22 weeks of pregnancy might increase risk of stillbirth. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because of important unmeasured factors that might influence the observed association, including maternal vitamin C intake, dietary, and other sources of nitrate/nitrite intake.
Lentil aspiration leading to likely hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Dhochak Nitin , Jat Kana R. , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra Sushil K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRationaleA variety of inhaled antigens have been implicated to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). We observed that children force‐fed with lentil‐based weaning food had persistent respiratory symptoms and radiology similar to HP.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical features of lentil HP.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of records of children with lentil HP attending Pediatric Chest Clinic at a tertiary care hospital in North India from 2008‐2018. We included case records with elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for lentil antigen.Measurements and Main ResultsNine children (seven boys) were identified with median (IQR) age of onset of symptoms and diagnosis at 9 (6, 12) and 11 (10, 16) months, respectively. Chronic cough (100%), shortness of breath (89%), fever (78%), vomiting (56%), and wheezing (33%) were common symptoms. Fine crackles were heard in 33% of children, none had clubbing. CT scans showed nodular opacities and consolidation in 78% and 67% children, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed increased neutrophils and lymphocytes (67% and 33%, respectively). All children showed rapid remission with systemic steroids (prednisolone), starting at a median dose of 1 (1, 1.1) mg kg−1 day−1. One child had a clinical relapse which was treated with oral steroids again. IgG specific to lentil antigens was elevated in children with lentil HP (21‐>200 mgA/L) compared with children with other chronic respiratory illnesses (n = 7, <2‐11.4 mgA/L).ConclusionsLentil aspiration is an important cause of HP in infants of weaning age with force‐feeding practices. Further studies are needed to identify aspirated antigens which cause HP in aspiration prone children.
Formulation of CL‐20‐Based Explosive Ink and Its Detonating Transfer Performance in Micro‐Size Charge
Authors: Li Qianbing , An Chongwei , Peng Jinyu , Xu Chuanhao , Guo Hao , Wang Shuang , Ye Baoyun , Wang Jingyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExplosive ink in the micro‐size charges of explosive circuits for energetic devices has attracted considerable interest. Herein, explosive ink with 90 wt.% of energetic solid was selected by testing the rheological properties of formulations with different CL‐20 concentrations. Explosive ink suspensions with sub‐micro CL‐20 (2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane) as main explosive and fluorine‐containing rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) emulsion as binder system were prepared. Direct ink writing (DIW) technology was used for the printing of the sample and for the loading of the explosive ink in a micro‐size groove. The morphology and crystal type of the CL‐20‐based composite samples were characterized by SEM and XRD, and its detonating transfer performance in the micro‐size groove were tested. Results show that the CL‐20‐based composite has a good molding effect, and the crystal type has not changed. The critical detonation thickness is around 11 μm at 1.0 mm fixed width in the wedge tests, and the critical detonation size (cross section) is about 0.3 mm×0.3 mm. The detonation wave could continue to propagate around multiple 90° corners. The maximum corner turning ability of the detonation wave is 140° and the CL‐20‐based composite can detonate completely in a complex charge circuit.
Detonation Characteristics of an Aluminized Explosive Added with Boron and Magnesium Hydride
Authors: Cao Wei , Song Qingguan , Gao Dayuan , Han Yong , Xu Sen , Lu Xiaojun , Guo Xiangli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvestigation of the detonation characteristics of an aluminized explosive added with boron (B) and magnesium hydride (MgH2) were undertaken and compared with the aluminized explosive of similar formulation. Firstly, the explosion heat was measured in a vacuumed calorimetric bomb, then the detonation pressure was determined by the interface velocity experiment, and finally the cylinder expansion test was performed. From the calorimetric data, the addition of B and MgH2 into an aluminized explosive increases the heat of explosion slightly. From the detonation pressure data, the addition of B and MgH2 appears to have no significant influence to the detonation pressure. From the cylinder test data, the detonation velocity, wall velocity, Gurney energy and detonation energy were determined. The aluminized explosive added with B and MgH2 shows weak acceleration ability, but exhibits a stronger afterburning potential. Finally the equation of state of the detonation products was determined for different casing conditions. Conclusions about how to use B and MgH2 in aluminized explosives to generate optimal effects are drawn.
Structures of the Neisseria meningitides methionine‐binding protein MetQ in substrate‐free form and bound to l‐ and d‐methionine isomers
Authors: Nguyen Phong T. , Lai Jeffrey Y. , Kaiser Jens T. , Rees Douglas C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe bacterial periplasmic methionine‐binding protein MetQ is involved in the import of methionine by the cognate MetNI methionine ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter. The MetNIQ system is one of the few members of the ABC importer family that has been structurally characterized in multiple conformational states. Critical missing elements in the structural analysis of MetNIQ are the structure of the substrate‐free form of MetQ, and detailing how MetQ binds multiple methionine derivatives, including both l‐ and d‐methionine isomers. In this study, we report the structures of the Neisseria meningitides MetQ in substrate‐free form and in complexes with l‐methionine and with d‐methionine, along with the associated binding constants determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Structures of the substrate‐free (N238A) and substrate‐bound N. meningitides MetQ are related by a “Venus‐fly trap” hinge‐type movement of the two domains accompanying methionine binding and dissociation. l‐ and d‐methionine bind to the same site on MetQ, and this study emphasizes the important role of asparagine 238 in ligand binding and affinity. A thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that ligand‐free MetQ associates with the ATP‐bound form of MetNI ∼40 times more tightly than does liganded MetQ, consistent with the necessity of dissociating methionine from MetQ for transport to occur.
A novel fluorescent probe for the early detection of prostate cancer based on endogenous zinc sensing
Authors: Fu Shibo , Wan Xiang , Du Chenchen , Wang Hongyu , Zhou Juan , Wang Zhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe early detection of prostate cancer can significantly optimize the prognosis, prolong patient lifespan, and improve quality of life. It has been well documented that prostate cancer tissues have lower zinc content than normal prostate tissues due to an impairment of the zinc accumulation mechanism.MethodsA novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based fluorescent zinc ion probe named DPP‐C2 was prepared. The fluorescent intensity of this novel molecule is in direct proportion to environmental zinc concentration. Malignant (DU145 and PC3 cells) and normal prostate epithelial RWPE‐1 cells were tested. Prostate cancer tissues were also cultured and observed as tissue sections. The probe was also intravenously administered to tumor‐bearing (DU145 and PC3 cells) nude mice and observed under a whole‐body fluorescence live‐imaging system.ResultsThe probe showed minimal cytotoxicity to malignant and normal prostate cells. The RWPE‐1 cells showed not only stronger baseline fluorescence but also a significant increase in signal intensity after culturing in a zinc‐supplemented medium. In human prostate sections, the pathologically confirmed cancer tissues exhibited weaker fluorescence signals than normal and benign hyperplastic tissues. With proper excitation, prostate tissues revealed more intense fluorescence signals than tumor tissues, whereas other surrounding tissues showed almost no fluorescence.ConclusionsThe novel zinc ion fluorescent probe DPP‐C2 is low toxic and showed potential application for the early detection of prostate cancer based on endogenous zinc sensing.
Robust finite‐time stabilization of a class of high‐order stochastic nonlinear systems subject to output constraint and disturbances
Authors: Fang Liandi , Ma Li , Ding Shihong , Zhao Dean 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the robust stabilization problem is addressed for a class of high‐order stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraints and disturbances by using finite‐time control technique. One of the features of the considered stochastic systems is that the fractional powers are allowed to be any positive odd rational numbers, rather than grater than or equal to one. By constructing a novel tan‐type barrier Lyapunov function and using the adding a power integrator technique, the explicit steps on how to construct a backstepping‐like finite‐time controller have been developed to handle the robust stabilization and output constraint. Rigorous mathematical proof shows that the system states will finite‐time converge to a small region of the origin and the output constraint can be kept. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Odd ideas about learning science: A response to Osborne
Authors: Hammer David , Manz Eve 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsborne (2019, this issue) raises several issues in his response to Furtak and Penuel (2019, Sci Edu, 103, 167–186). He challenges the primacy of phenomena, argues that commonsense is not productive for science, and maintains that the primary goal of science instruction is students’ understanding the canon. To us, the import of Osborne's response, and what moved us to accept the editors’ invitation to comment, is in how it reflects the ongoing complexity and instability of views within the community of scholarship in science education. We reflect on these ongoing tensions.
Science‐as‐practice and the status of knowledge: A response to Osborne
Authors: Penuel William R. , Furtak Erin Marie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this response to Osborne's commentary, we clarify the bases for our case for drawing on both scientific studies and learning research to guide current reforms in science education. While acknowledging “the constructivist's dilemma,” we assert the fundamental importance of positioning students as knowledge builders in science classrooms.
Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy and Drug Discovery Platform Using Human Sensory Neurons Converted Directly from Adult Peripheral Blood
Authors: Vojnits Kinga , Mahammad Saleemulla , Collins Tony J. , Bhatia Mickie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a disorder damaging the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and represents one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, negatively impacting the quality of life of patients to the extent of withdrawing life-saving chemotherapy dose or duration. Unfortunately, the pathophysiological effects of PN are poorly understood, in part due to the lack of availability of large numbers of human sensory neurons (SNs) for study. Previous reports have demonstrated that human SNs can be directly converted from primitive CD34+ hematopoietic cells, but was limited to a small-scale product of SNs and derived exclusively from less abundant allogenic sources of cord or drug mobilized peripheral blood (PB). To address this shortcoming, we have developed and report detailed procedures toward the generation of human SN directly converted from conventionally drawn PB of adults that can be used in a high-content screening platform for discovery-based studies of chemotherapy agents on neuronal biology. In the absence of mobilization drugs, cryogenically preserved adult human PB could be induced to (i)SN via development through expandable neural precursor differentiation. iSNs could be transferable to high-throughput procedures suitable for high-content screening applicable to neuropathy for example, alterations in neurite morphology in response to chemotherapeutics. Our study provides the first reported platform using adult PB-derived iSNs to study peripheral nervous system-related neuropathies as well as target and drug screening potential for the ability to prevent, block, or repair chemotherapy-induced PN damage. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1180–1191
Unexpected Size Effect: The Interplay between Different‐Sized Nanoparticles in Their Cellular Uptake
Authors: Li Ling , Xi Wen‐Song , Su Qianqian , Li Yang , Yan Gui‐Hua , Liu Yuanfang , Wang Haifang , Cao Aoneng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe size effect on the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively studied, but it is still not well understood. Herein, a reductionist approach is used to minimize all influencing factors except the particle size, and co‐exposure of different‐sized silica nanoparticles (SNPs) is adopted instead of the common single exposure. SNPs are found being internalized by Hela cells in serum‐free medium mainly via clathrin‐dependent endocytosis, thus simplifying the data analysis for reliable attribution to size effects. Remarkably, even though at conditions that the size effects seem very small or even undetectable in the common single exposure experiments, the co‐exposure experiments reveal significant size effects due to an unexpected interplay between two different‐sized SNPs. Namely, the bigger SNPs significantly promote the cellular uptake of the smaller ones, while the smaller SNPs inhibit the internalization of the bigger ones, with a total uptake increase of the particle number of SNPs in the cells. This strong interplay between different‐sized NPs might unavoidably exist within most “single‐sized” NP products, whose sizes actually distribute in certain ranges, thus urging reconsideration of the size effect on the cellular uptake of NPs, for the benefits of both bioapplications and safety assessment of nanomaterials.
Gold Nanoparticles Thin Films with Thermo‐ and Photoresponsive Plasmonic Properties Realized with Liquid‐Crystalline Ligands
Authors: Tomczyk Ewelina , Promiński Aleksander , Bagiński Maciej , Górecka Ewa , Wójcik Michał 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRobust synthesis of large‐scale self‐assembled nanostructures with long‐range organization and a prominent response to external stimuli is critical to their application in functional plasmonics. Here, the first example of a material made of liquid crystalline nanoparticles which exhibits UV‐light responsive surface plasmon resonance in a condensed state is presented. To obtain the material, metal cores are grafted with two types of organic ligands. A promesogenic derivative softens the system and induces rich liquid crystal phase polymorphism. Second, an azobenzene derivative endows nanoparticles with photoresponsive properties. It is shown that nanoparticles covered with a mixture of these ligands assemble into long‐range ordered structures which exhibit a novel dual‐responsivity. The structure and plasmonic properties of the assemblies can be controlled by a change in temperature as well as by UV‐light irradiation. These results present an efficient way to obtain bulk quantities of self‐assembled nanostructured materials with stability that is unattainable by alternative methods such as matrix‐assisted or DNA‐mediated organization.
A multiband circular loop antenna with parasitic C‐strip line and FSS ring resonator reflectors for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Wongsin Norakamon , Mahatthanajatuphat Chatree , Akkaraekthalin Prayoot 
Published: July 2019

A circular loop antenna with C‐strip line and frequency selective surface (FSS) ring resonator reflectors is presented. It can support multiband operation and enhance gain. The circular loop antenna is excited by using the coplanar stripe line, and a parasitic line is placed on the antenna to improve the impedance bandwidth of the upper frequency band. Moreover, the gain enhancement technique of FSS is applied to the antenna for achieving 7.54, 11.1, and 7.44 dBi at operating frequencies of 2.45, 3.5, and 5.25 GHz, respectively. The antenna's radiation patterns are directional patterns at all operating frequency bands. The presented antenna responds to the multiband operations of WLAN IEEE802.11 b/g (2.4–2.485 GHz), WiMAX (3.3–3.8 GHz), and WLAN IEEE802.11a (5.15–5.35 GHz). © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.