bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimasi Suhu Dan Ph Pertumbuhan Lactococus Lactic Isolat Ikan Kerapu
Authors: Subagiyo Subagiyo , Nuraeni Ria Azizazh Tri , Setyati Wilis Ari , Santoso Adi 
Published: June 2018

Temperature and pH is one of the environmental factors that influence microbial growth, so it needs to be optimized in order to obtain optimum values for cell production. The experiments were performed using the medium of ROGOSA and Sharpe (MRS). The pH value is set with the addition of 1 N NaOH and 1N HCl to obtain a pH value of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Optimization of temperature performed by incubation at 25, 30, 35 and 40 oC. Bacterial growth was measured by changes in optical density at 600 nm wave-lengh. The results showed that the initial pH of 7 is the initial pH value which produces the most rapid growth, while the initial pH 4 provides the slowest growth. Temperature that produces the most rapid growth is 30 and 35 ° C while the temperature 40oC produce the slowest growth. Keywords : Lactococcus lactis, temperature, pH, growthSuhu dan pH merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan mikrobia, sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan optimasi guna mendapatkan nilai-nilai yang optimum untuk produksi sel. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan medium deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS). Nilai pH diatur dengan penambahan NaOH 1 N dan HCL 1N hingga diperoleh nilai pH 4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8.. Optimasi suhu dilakukan dengan inkubasi pada suhu 25, 30, 35 dan 40 oC . Pertumbuhan bakteri diukur berdasarkan perubahan optical density pada panjang geliombang 600 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH awal 7 merupakan nilai pH awal yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang paling cepat sedangkan pH awal 4 memberikan pertumbuhan yang paling lambat. Suhu yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan paling cepat adalah 30 dan 35 oC sedangkan suhu 40oC menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang paling lambat. Kecepatan agitasi yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan paling cepat adalah 100 rpm dan paling lambat 150 rpm. Kata kunci : Lactococcus lactis, suhu, pH, pertumbuhan
Kandungan Pigmen Fikobiliprotein dan Biomassa Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris pada media dengan Salinitas Berbeda
Authors: Djunaedi Ali , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Suryono Chrisna Adi , Santosa Adi 
Published: June 2018

Phyobilliprotein (phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) pigments content and biomass of Chlorella vulgarisare affected by salinity related to osmotic pressure and density of media. This study was to determine the effect of salinity on phycobiliproteins pigment contents and biomass of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The cultivation used microalgae derived from Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Research method was the Laboratory study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Consisting of one treatment with five stages of salinity treatments: 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt and using three times of repetition. Analysis of pigments used UV-Vis spectrophotometric extracted with acetone as the solvent. Harvesting time was when it reached at the stationair phase using flocculation method. The results showed that salinity had the significant effect (p <0.05) on Phycobilliprotein pigment and biomass. The treatments of 35 ppt showed that the highest content of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin pigments 1,4426 mg/gram and 1,254 mg/gram and biomass were 0,648 g/L respectively.Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris, salinity, Phycobilliprotein pigment, biomass. Kandungan pigmen fikobiliprotein (fikosianin dan allofikosianin)dan biomasa Chlorella vulgaris dipengaruhi oleh salinitas yang berkaitan dengan tekanan osmotik dan densitas media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan pigmen fikobiliproteindan laju pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris. Biota uji diperoleh dari Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan salinitas, yaitu: 20, 25, 30, 35, dan 40 ppt dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis pigmen dengan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis yang diekstraksi menggunakan larutan aseton. Pemanenan biomassa pada fase stasioner dengan menggunakan metode flokulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh nyata (p<0.05) terhadap kandungan pigmen fikobiliprotein dan biomasa Chlorella vulgaris. Perlakuan salinitas 35 ppt menghasilkan kadar pigmen fikosianin dan allofikosianin tertinggi, yaitu 1,4426 mg/gram, dan 1,254 mg/gram dan biomassa tertinggi yaitu 0,648 gr/L. Kata Kunci : Chlorella vulgaris, salinitas, pigmen fikobiliprotein, biomasa
Komposisi Makroalga Yang Berasosiasi Di Ekosistem Padang Lamun Pulau Tumpul Lunik, Pulau Rimau Balak Dan Pulau Kandang Balak Selatan, Perairan Lampung Selatan
Authors: Riniatsih Ita , Munasik Munasik , Suryono Chrisna Adi , Azizah Ria , Hartati Retno , Pribadi Rudhi , Subagiyo Subagiyo 
Published: June 2018

Assosiation between macroalga and seagrass ecosystem in South Lampung has been determined. There were 3 sampling locations, ie. Station 1 (Tumpul Lunik Island), Station 2 (Rimau Balak Island) and Station 3 (Kandang Balak Selatan Island). Observation of macroalga and seagrass were carried out using quadran transect method (0,5 x 0,5 m2) along 100 meter with 10 meter distance berween transect. It is done triplicates. The research showed that there were twelve species macroalgae belong to three families found in seagrass bed. Their distribution were varied. Highest density of macroalga was Halimeda makroloba in habitat of seagrass Enhalus acorides at around Pulau Tempul Lunik Island. The substrat was sand and rubble which support good growth of both species The presence of macroalgae in seagrass bed could be a competitor related to the space for live and nutrient utilization in the waters. Keywords: macroalga, Halimeda macroloba, Enhalus acoroides, seagrass ecosystem Pengamatan tentang asosiasi antara makroalga di ekosistem padang lamun perairan Lampung Selatan telah dilakukan. Lokasi pengamatan yang terbagi menjadi 3 stasiun, yaitu Stasiun 1 (Pulau Tumpul Lunik), Stasiun 2 (Pulau Rimau Balak) dan Stasiun 3 (Pulau Kandang Balak Selatan). Pengamatan makroalga dan lamun di masing-masing lokasi dilakukan dengan metoda transek kuadran (0,5 x 0,5 m) sepanjang 100 meter dengan jarak pengamatan setiap 10 meter untuk penghitungan dengan kuadran. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali garis transek di setiap stasiun pengamatan. Duabelas jenis makroalga dari 3 Famili telah ditemukan di ekosistem padang lamun dengan sebaran kepadatan makroalga yang beragam. Kepadatan tertinggi makroalga ditemukan pada jenis Halimeda makroloba yang banyak ditemukan tumbuh pada habitat lamun Enhalus acorides di sekitar Pulau Tempul Lunik. Kondisi perairan yang bersubstrat dasar pasir dan pecahan karang sangat mendukung untuk pertumbuhan ke dua jenis vegetasi tersebut. Kehadiran makroalga di ekosistem padang lamun dapat menjadi kompetitor bagi keberadaan dan kondisi penutupan lamun, terkait dengan persaingan dalam menempati ruang dan pemanfaatan nutrien di perairan. Kata kunci: makroalga, Halimeda macroloba, Enhalus acoroides, ekosistem padang lamun
Pemanfaatan Chitosan Dari Limbah Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) sebagai Adsorben Logam Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Supriyantini Endang , Yulianto Bambang , Ridlo Ali , Sedjati Sri , Nainggolan Amtoni Caesario 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUtilization of Chitosan From Wastewater Shell (Portunus pelagicus) as Lead Metal Adsorbent (Pb) Chitosan is able to be one solution to reducing the pollution of heavy metals in waters, as capable of binding of heavy metal ions by utilizing the amine and hydroxyl groups on chitosan. This research aims to know the adsorption ability of chitosan against heavy metals lead (Pb). Chitosan is made from the waste of a small crab attaching shells were taken from the village of Betahwalang, Demak. The method used is the method with the demineralisasi using 1 N HCl for 1 hour, deproteinasi with 3.5% NaOH for 1 h, and deasetilasi using NaOH 50% for 2 hours. FTIR analysis of the results showed the degree of Deasetilasi Chitosan of 80.30% with 36.84% yield. Solution of Pb of Pb (CH3COO)2 at a concentration of 10 mg/L is used as pollutants, and the concentration of chitosan used in adsorption process i.e. 1, 2, 4, and 8%. Stirring on the process of adsorption using a magnetic stirrer with a speed of 200 rpm for 30 minutes. The metal content of Pb in the chitosan is then analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric). The results showed that chitosan obtained from shell small crab attaching has the potential as a bioadsorben metals Pb, the concentration of chitosan 1, 2, 4, 8% & each have an absorbance of 8.31; 35.62; 45.24 & 57.74%. Keywords: Chitosan, metals Pb, Adsorption, crab Shells AbstrakKitosan mampu menjadi salah satu solusi mengurangi pencemaran logam berat di perairan, karena mampu mengikat ion-ion logam berat dengan memanfaatkan gugus hidroksil dan amina yang terdapat pada chitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi chitosan terhadap logam berat Timbal (Pb). Chitosan dibuat dari limbah cangkang rajungan yang diambil dari desa Betahwalang, Demak. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kimia dengan demineralisasi menggunakan HCl 1 N selama 1 jam, deproteinasi dengan NaOH 3,5 % selama 1 jam, dan deasetilasi menggunakan NaOH 50 % selama 2 jam. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan Derajat Deasetilasi kitosan sebesar 80,30 % dengan rendemen 36,84 %. Larutan Pb dari Pb(CH3COO)2 pada konsentrasi 10 mg/L digunakan sebagai polutan, dan konsentrasi chitosan yang digunakan pada proses adsorpsi yaitu 1, 2, 4, dan 8 %. Pengadukan pada proses adsorpsi menggunakan magnetic stirrer dengan kecepatan 200 rpm selama 30 menit. Kandungan logam Pb yang ada di dalam chitosan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa chitosan yang didapatkan dari cangkang rajungan mempunyai potensi sebagai bioadsorben logam Pb, konsentrasi chitosan 1, 2, 4, & 8 % masing-masing memiliki daya serap sebesar 8,31; 35,62 ; 45,24 & 57,74 %. Kata Kunci : Chitosan, logam Pb, Adsorpsi, Cangkang Rajungan
Efficacy of a Goal Setting and Implementation Planning Intervention on Firefighters' Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: Bycura Dierdra K. , Dmitrieva Natalia O. , Santos Anthony C. , Waugh Kelsey L. , Ritchey Kamiko M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Bycura, DK, Dmitrieva, NO, Santos, AC, Waugh, KL, and Ritchey, KM. Efficacy of a Goal Setting and Implementation Planning Intervention on Firefighters' Cardiorespiratory Fitness. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3151–3161, 2019—The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a goal setting and implementation planning (GSIP) intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness among firefighters. Male career firefighters (N = 20) from a large municipal fire department were assigned to an intervention arm (n = 12) or passive control arm (n = 8) of a 14-week study involving cardiorespiratory exercise. The intervention consisted of GSIP coaching at baseline and support throughout the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed through a standardized physical protocol for firefighters (Candidate Physical Ability Test) at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 14 weeks time points, using the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system to measure physiological variables. Using intention-to-treat principles, we employed a 2-level multilevel model to examine the effect of intervention group on intercept and change over time on primary outcomes of interest: oxygen transport and utilization (Vo
2), heart rate (HR), and respiratory exchange ratio (R). Results demonstrated that the intervention and control groups both exhibited a significant increase in Vo
2 (B = 0.143, SE = 0.025, p < 0.001) and a decline in R (B = −0.003. SE = 0.001, p < 0.01) over the course of the study. Although both groups exhibited improvements on 2 of the 3 cardiorespiratory outcomes, subjects assigned to the intervention did not exhibit superior outcomes when compared to the control group. Given the improvements we observed in 2 out of 3 outcomes across both conditions, future research may consider testing effectiveness of interventions consisting of functional training exercises that closely translate to firefighting tasks over time periods sufficient to elicit aerobic metabolic adaptations.
Influence of Particle Gradation and Shape on the Performance of Stone Columns in Soft Clay
Authors: Siahaan Firman , Indraratna Buddhima , Ngo Ngoc Trung , Rujikiatkamjorn Cholachat , Heitor Ana 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A stone column typically consists of particles whose influence has largely been overlooked in design practice in terms of stress transfer, pattern of deformation, and intrusion of fines (clogging). This article presents an experimental study on the load-deformation behavior of a model stone column installed in soft clay with a particular emphasis on the influence of particle gradation and shape under undrained loading. The results show that particle gradation and shape have a significant influence on the load-deformation behavior and the extent of fines intrusion into the stone columns. Relatively well-graded particle sizes favor the development of higher peak shear stresses accompanied by lateral bulging, whereas more uniform grading results in the development of distinct shear planes and smaller peak shear stresses. Deformed columns were also examined using computed tomography, and the porosity profiles at the end of the test were determined using micrographs. Maximum porosity typically occurred in the zone of extreme lateral deformation, with the results suggesting that the extent of fines intrusion was influenced by particle morphology.
Effect of Post-Fire Curing on the Compressive Properties of Fire-Damaged Ultra-High Toughness Cementitious Composites
Authors: Ji Jing , Yu Dianyou , Jiang Liangqin , Xu Zhichao , Liu Yingchun , Zhang Shilong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
After exposure to fire or high temperatures, the post-fire curing methods have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of concrete material. In present research, the influence of post-fire curing methods on the mechanical properties of fire-damaged ultra-high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC) was investigated. A heating temperature up to 800°C, lasting for 2 hours, was adopted to simulate the fire damage, after which the heated specimens were subjected to three types of cooling regimes (i.e., cooling in air, quenching in water for 5 minutes, and quenching in water for 30 minutes). The quenched specimens were then cured in air for 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days. It was found that quenching in water helped the recovery of the compressive properties of UHTCC, and the extent of recovery increased with the quenching time as well as the post-exposure curing age. The microstructural characterization of UHTCC was also examined before and after exposure using scanning electron microscopy. The pore size distribution was obtained by the mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis. Results from the microscopic observations well explained the mechanical properties of post-exposure UHTCC specimens.
RAD Sequencing and a Hybrid Antarctic Fur Seal Genome Assembly Reveal Rapidly Decaying Linkage Disequilibrium, Global Population Structure and Evidence for Inbreeding
Authors: Humble Emily , Dasmahapatra Kanchon K , Martinez-Barrio Alvaro , Gregório Inês , Forcada Jaume , Polikeit Ann-Christin , Goldsworthy Simon D , Goebel Michael E , Kalinowski Jörn , Wolf Jochen B W , Hoffman Joseph I 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Recent advances in high throughput sequencing have transformed the study of wild organisms by facilitating the generation of high quality genome assemblies and dense genetic marker datasets. These resources have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of diverse phenomena at the level of species, populations and individuals, ranging from patterns of synteny through rates of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay and population structure to individual inbreeding. Consequently, we used PacBio sequencing to refine an existing Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) genome assembly and genotyped 83 individuals from six populations using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. The resulting hybrid genome comprised 6,169 scaffolds with an N50 of 6.21 Mb and provided clear evidence for the conservation of large chromosomal segments between the fur seal and dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Focusing on the most extensively sampled population of South Georgia, we found that LD decayed rapidly, reaching the background level by around 400 kb, consistent with other vertebrates but at odds with the notion that fur seals experienced a strong historical bottleneck. We also found evidence for population structuring, with four main Antarctic island groups being resolved. Finally, appreciable variance in individual inbreeding could be detected, reflecting the strong polygyny and site fidelity of the species. Overall, our study contributes important resources for future genomic studies of fur seals and other pinnipeds while also providing a clear example of how high throughput sequencing can generate diverse biological insights at multiple levels of organization.
Genetic Analysis of Signal Generation by the Rgt2 Glucose Sensor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Scharff-Poulsen Peter , Moriya Hisao , Johnston Mark 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The yeast S. cerevisiae senses glucose through Snf3 and Rgt2, transmembrane proteins that generate an intracellular signal in response to glucose that leads to inhibition of the Rgt1 transcriptional repressor and consequently to derepression of HXT genes encoding glucose transporters. Snf3 and Rgt2 are thought to be glucose receptors because they are similar to glucose transporters. In contrast to glucose transporters, they have unusually long C-terminal tails that bind to Mth1 and Std1, paralogous proteins that regulate function of the Rgt1 transcription factor. We show that the C-terminal tail of Rgt2 is not responsible for its inability to transport glucose. To gain insight into how the glucose sensors generate an intracellular signal, we identified RGT2 mutations that cause constitutive signal generation. Most of the mutations alter evolutionarily-conserved amino acids in the transmembrane spanning regions of Rgt2 that are predicted to be involved in maintaining an outward-facing conformation or to be in the substrate binding site. Our analysis of these mutations suggests they cause Rgt2 to adopt inward-facing or occluded conformations that generate the glucose signal. These results support the idea that Rgt2 and Snf3 are glucose receptors that signal in response to binding of extracellular glucose and inform the basis of their signaling.
Uropathogen Resistance and Antibiotic Prophylaxis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Selekman Rachel E. , Shapiro Daniel J. , Boscardin John , Williams Gabrielle , Craig Jonathan C. , Brandström Per , Pennesi Marco , Roussey-Kesler Gwenalle , Hari Pankaj , Copp Hillary L. 
Published: June 2018

CONTEXT:
Limited data exist regarding uropathogen resistance in randomized controlled trials of urinary tract infection (UTI) prevention and antibiotic prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of prophylaxis on developing a multidrug-resistant first recurrent UTI among children with vesicoureteral reflux.

DATA SOURCES:
Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Specialized Register through May 25, 2017.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials of patients ≤18 years of age with a history of vesicoureteral reflux being treated with continuous antibiotic prophylaxis compared with no treatment or placebo with available antibiotic sensitivity profiles.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two independent observers abstracted data and assessed quality and validity per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Adjusted meta-analyses were performed by using a mixed-effects logistic regression model.

RESULTS:
One thousand two hundred and ninety-nine patients contributed 224 UTIs. Patients treated with prophylaxis were more likely to have a multidrug-resistant infection (33% vs 6%, P &lt; .001) and were more likely to receive broad-spectrum antibiotics (68% vs 49%, P = .004). Those receiving prophylaxis had 6.4 times the odds (95% confidence interval: 2.7–15.6) of developing a multidrug-resistant infection. One multidrug-resistant infection would develop for every 21 reflux patients treated with prophylaxis.

LIMITATIONS:
Variables that may contribute to resistance such as medication adherence and antibiotic exposure for other illnesses could not be evaluated.

CONCLUSIONS:
Prophylaxis increases the risk of multidrug resistance among recurrent infections. This has important implications in the risk-benefit assessment of prophylaxis as a management strategy and in the selection of empirical treatment of breakthrough infections in prophylaxis patients.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE CHILDREN’S AXIAL PUMP «DON-3»
Authors: Itkin G. P. , Dmitrieva O. Yu. , Buchnev A. S. , Drobyshev A. A. , Kuleshov A. P. , Volkova A. V. , Halilulin T. A. 
Published: June 2018

Aim.To evaluate the functioning of an implantable pediatric axial pump «DON-3» for bypassing the left ventricle of the heart in experiments on sheep.Materials and methods. Five sheeps at the age of 12–18 months performed paracorporeal installation of the children’s axial pump «DON-3» according to the scheme «left ventricle – aorta».Results.A technique was developed and 5 chronic experiments were conducted on sheep to assess the model of the children’s axial pump «DON-3». The duration of the experiments in this series averaged 9 ± 5 days. The main indicators of hemodynamics, acid-base balance were within the norm. Conducted morphological and histological studies of the kidneys, liver and lungs did not reveal the presence of zones of ischemia and thromboembolism.Conclusion.The results of this series of experiments showed satisfactory results, suggesting further research on the development of prototypes of a pediatric pump for clinical practice.
The Calcium-Dependent Protease Calpain-1 Links TRPC6 Activity to Podocyte Injury
Authors: Verheijden Kim A.T. , Sonneveld Ramon , Bakker-van Bebber Marinka , Wetzels Jack F.M. , van der Vlag Johan , Nijenhuis Tom 
Published: June 2018

Background
The hallmark of podocytopathies, such as FSGS, is podocyte injury resulting in proteinuria. Transient receptor potential channel C6 (TRPC6) is a calcium-conducting ion channel expressed at the slit diaphragm. TRPC6 gain-of-function mutations and glomerular TRPC6 overexpression are associated with proteinuria. However, the pathways linking TRPC6 to podocyte injury, which is characterized by loss of the slit diaphragm protein nephrin, activation of several intracellular pathways (including calcineurin-NFAT signaling), and cytoskeletal rearrangement, remain elusive.

Methods
We tested whether the calcium-dependent protease calpain-1 mediates TRPC6-dependent podocyte injury in human and experimental FSGS and cultured podocytes.

Results
Compared with kidneys of healthy controls, kidneys of patients with FSGS had increased TRPC6 expression, increased calpain and calcineurin activity, and reduced expression of the calpain target Talin-1, which links the actin cytoskeleton to integrins and is critical for podocyte cytoskeletal stability. In a rat model of human FSGS, increased glomerular and urinary calpain activity associated with reduced Talin-1 abundance, enhanced calcineurin activity, and increased proteinuria. Treatment with the calpain inhibitor calpeptin prevented these effects. In cultured podocytes, pharmacologic stimulation of TRPC6-dependent calcium influx increased calpain-1 and calcineurin activity and reduced Talin-1 expression, and knockdown of TRPC6 or calpain-1 prevented these effects.

Conclusions
We elucidated a novel mechanism that links TRPC6 activity to calpain-1 activation and through Talin-1 loss and possibly, calcineurin activation, the podocyte injury characterizing FSGS. Therefore, calpain-1 and/or TRPC6 inhibition could be future therapeutic options to treat patients with FSGS or other podocytopathies.