bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic use of calcium channel blockers associated with less increase in central retinal thickness after uncomplicated cataract surgery
Authors: Danni Reeta , Taipale Claudia , Holmström Emil J. , Ilveskoski Lotta , Tuuminen Raimo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo examine the role of systemic medication on the risk of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following uneventful cataract surgery.MethodsA total of 269 eyes undergoing routine cataract surgery. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography imaging was conducted before surgery and at 28 days. Information about medication of the participants was gathered from The National Archive of Health Information (Kanta), an electronic pharmaceutical database.ResultsSystemic medication with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor antagonists (p < 0.001), beta‐blockers (β‐blockers) (p = 0.002), calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (p < 0.001), nitrates (p =0.021) and lipophilic HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) (p < 0.001) were more frequently prescribed to diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients. In eyes with steroid monotherapy (N = 135), concomitant systemic medication with β‐blockers (12.9 ± 24.0 μm versus 28.6 ± 59.5 μm, p = 0.045), CCBs (12.0 ± 22.1 μm versus 26.3 ± 55.6 μm, p = 0.041) and statins (12.9 ± 22.8 μm versus 30.0 ± 61.9 μm, p = 0.038) attenuated a change in central retinal thickness (CRT) when compared to patients not receiving medication. In multivariable analysis, the use of CCBs remained as an independent protective factor against macular swelling at 28 days (−0.23; 95% CI [−0.43 to −0.04]; p = 0.021), when all systemic medications showing statistical significance were included (i.e. β‐blockers, CCBs and statins) together with diabetes status. In eyes with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) monotherapy (N = 67) and steroid and NSAID combination therapy (N = 67), CRT increase was moderate both with and without use of systemic medications.ConclusionSystemic vasoactive medication may be protective against CRT change induced by cataract surgery in eyes at risk of PCME such as those with postoperative steroid monotherapy.
A mini‐review and implementation model for using ataluren to treat nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Landfeldt Erik , Sejersen Thomas , Tulinius Már 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimAtaluren has been approved for treating nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD), and there are currently discussions concerning drug access and applications beyond the development programme. This study provides an overview of nmDMD and ataluren, stipulates clinical rules for treatment initiation and discontinuation and proposes a model for the implementation of orphan drugs in clinical practice in Sweden.MethodsThis was a targeted mini‐review of the literature from 1995 to 2018, which included cohort studies, guidelines, randomised clinical trials, clinical commentaries and reviews. The review covered the pathophysiology, epidemiology and burden of nmDMD and the clinical programme for ataluren.ResultsBased on the current evidence, and our experiences, we recommend that patients with nmDMD should be given ataluren as soon as possible after diagnosis and this treatment should continue until they reach a forced vital capacity of <30%, and, or, a score of at least six on the Brooke upper extremity scale. We propose an implementation model that comprises a coordinating specialist physician and a national expert committee responsible for providing clinical intelligence to ensure appropriate use.ConclusionOur clinical recommendations and proposed implementation model will inform the optimum medical management of nmDMD in Sweden and help ensure timely, equal access to ataluren and similar orphan drugs.
Bone and joint infections in infants under three months of age
Authors: Mediamolle Nicolas , Mallet Cindy , Aupiais Camille , Doit Catherine , Ntika Serge , Vialle Raphael , Grimprel Emmanuel , Pejin Zagorka , Bonacorsi Stephane , Lorrot Mathie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimStudies on bone and joint infections (BJI) in infants under three months are rare. We described the clinical and paraclinical features and outcomes of infants hospitalised with BJI under three months of age.MethodsThe French National Hospital Discharge Database provided data on BJIs in infants under three months of age from January 2004 to 2015 in three Parisian Paediatric teaching hospitals.ResultsWe included 71 infants under three months of age with BJI, the median age was 25 days, and the interquartile range (IQR) was 17–43 days. The most common infection sites were the hip (32%) and knee (32%). Symptoms included pain (94%), limited mobility (87%) and/or fever (52%). There were 11 (15.5%) cases of nosocomial BJI. A pathogen was identified in 51 infants (71.8%), includingStreptococcus agalactiae(45%),Staphylococcus aureus(22%) andEscherichia coli(18%). The initial median C‐reactive protein test rate was 31 mg/L (IQR 17–68). Of the 34 infants followed for more than one year, four developed severe orthopaedic conditions such as epiphysiodesis, limb length discrepancy, bone necrosis and/or impaired limb function.ConclusionStreptococcus agalactiaewas the most common cause of BJI in infants under three months. Orthopaedic sequelae were rare, but severe, and required long‐term follow‐up.
Financial Product Design, Retail Investor Sophistication and Issuer Incentives: A Case Study
Authors: Davis Kevin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany financial products and securities marketed to retail investors involve design features that can make it difficult to understand the risk and return characteristics involved. This paper examines one such security, Convertible Preference Step Up Units (CPUs), issued in Australia by the US Masters Residential Property Fund (URF) at the end of 2017. It argues that an apparently relatively simple design masks significant complexity which would make risk assessment and fair pricing well beyond the capabilities of retail investors. Despite that, analysis of the security design and disclosure documents suggests that it would not fall foul of the financial product banning powers recommended for the Australian Securities and Investment Commission by the 2014 Australian Financial System Inquiry and in draft legislation as at mid 2018. This highlights the difficulties for effective financial consumer protection resulting from the mismatch between financial literacy levels and financial product design.
PD‐1+ TIM‐3+ T cells in malignant ascites predict prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Nakano Michitaka , Ito Mamoru , Tanaka Risa , Yamaguchi Kyoko , Ariyama Hiroshi , Mitsugi Kenji , Yoshihiro Tomoyasu , Ohmura Hirofumi , Tsuruta Nobuhiro , Hanamura Fumiyasu , Sagara Kosuke , Okumura Yuta , Nio Kenta , Tsuchihashi Kenji , Arita Shuji , Kusaba Hitoshi , Akashi Koichi , Baba Eishi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe liquid biopsy of ascites fluid could be an excellent source of tumor and microenvironment for the study of prognostic biomarkers because of its accessibility. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can predict prognosis in multiple malignancies, including the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, a breakthrough cancer therapy. However, TILs’ profiles from malignant ascites have not been extensively studied. Using flow cytometric analysis, we quantified the proportion of exhausted T cells and memory/naive/effector T‐cell subsets, among the CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell populations of paired TILs and peripheral blood T cell samples (n = 22). The correlation between CD4+ and CD8+ subset profiles suggested that the combined analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in malignant ascites was clinically significant. We found that cells positive for the exhaustion markers programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1), and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM‐3), and cells coexpressing PD‐1 and TIM‐3 abundantly exist among malignant ascites TILs. Furthermore, patients with high frequency of PD‐1+ TIM‐3+ cells among the CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell population showed worse clinical outcome in multivariate analysis (n = 27). We propose that exhausted ascites TILs represent a clinically significant prognostic biomarker in advanced gastrointestinal cancer and represent an important target for immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Homology modeling in drug discovery: Overview, current applications, and future perspectives
Authors: Muhammed Muhammed Tilahun , Aki‐Yalcin Esin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHomology modeling is one of the computational structure prediction methods that are used to determine protein 3D structure from its amino acid sequence. It is considered to be the most accurate of the computational structure prediction methods. It consists of multiple steps that are straightforward and easy to apply. There are many tools and servers that are used for homology modeling. There is no single modeling program or server which is superior in every aspect to others. Since the functionality of the model depends on the quality of the generated protein 3D structure, maximizing the quality of homology modeling is crucial. Homology modeling has many applications in the drug discovery process. Since drugs interact with receptors that consist mainly of proteins, protein 3D structure determination, and thus homology modeling is important in drug discovery. Accordingly, there has been the clarification of protein interactions using 3D structures of proteins that are built with homology modeling. This contributes to the identification of novel drug candidates. Homology modeling plays an important role in making drug discovery faster, easier, cheaper, and more practical. As new modeling methods and combinations are introduced, the scope of its applications widens.
Gendered Packaging of a STEM Toy Influences Children's Play, Mechanical Learning, and Mothers’ Play Guidance
Authors: Coyle Emily F. , Liben Lynn S. 
Published: September 2018

To study effects of the gender‐packaging of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) toys, mother–child dyads (31 daughters; 30 sons; M = 5.2 years) were randomly assigned to play with a mechanical toy packaged for girls (GoldieBlox) or boys (BobbyBlox). When familiarizing themselves with the toy to prepare for play, mothers given BobbyBlox built more with toy pieces than did mothers given GoldieBlox. During dyadic play, mothers with sons built more; mothers with daughters read the toy's narrative instructions more. Children's independent play likewise varied with game packaging. Girls learned the mechanical belt‐drive principle better from playing with BobbyBlox; boys learned the principle better from playing with GoldieBlox. Implications for gender‐schema theories, STEM interventions, and toy marketing are discussed.
A comprehensive analysis of the allergenicity and IgE epitopes of myosinogen allergens in Scylla paramamosain
Authors: Yang Yang , Hu Meng Jun , Jin Teng Chuan , Zhang Yong Xia , Liu Guang Yu , Li Yu Bao , zhang Ming Li , Cao Min Jie , Su Wen Jin , Liu Guang Ming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundScylla paramamosain is one of the most common and serious food allergens in Asia. Therefore, research on its prevalence, accurate diagnosis, and IgE‐binding pattern of the allergens is crucial.ObjectiveTo identify the IgE epitopes of the myosinogen allergens in S. paramamosain using phage peptide library.MethodsThe prevalence of allergy to crabs (AC) and of sensitization was analysed using a questionnaire and a serological assay. BAT was performed by flow cytometry, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated in relation to allergens purified from crab myosinogen. IgE‐binding epitopes were identified by phage display using the IgE from patients with AC. Sequence‐ and structure‐based bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify allergenic epitopes.ResultsCrab was the most common cause of food allergies in this study. Subjects with AC (n = 30) with clear clinical symptoms were identified by immunoblotting and BAT. All of the myosinogen allergens triggered basophil activation; surface expression of CD63 and CD203c was higher in patients allergic to AK and FLN c than in patients allergic to SCP and TIM. In addition to six conformational epitopes of SCP, six linear epitopes and eight conformational epitopes of AK were identified. Five linear epitopes and three conformational epitopes of TIM, nine linear and ten conformational epitopes of FLN c were also identified, and the sequence VH(I/T) L was appeared in epitopes of both TIM and FLN c. The number of epitopes showed consistency with the value of BAT.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceBAT can be used for accurate diagnosis of AC. Identification of particular allergenic motifs could be a valuable tool for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of food allergies.
Low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, cannot rule out high‐grade lesion: Diagnosis, histological outcomes and human papillomavirus results
Authors: Segura Sheila E. , Ramos‐Rivera Gloria , Hakima Laleh , Suhrland Mark , Khader Samer 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe 2014 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology classifies squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of cervix into two main categories: low‐grade SIL (LSIL) and high‐grade SIL (HSIL). In some clinical practices, the LSIL cannot rule out high‐grade lesion (LROH) interpretive category is used in cases with LSIL and findings that may raise the possibility of HSIL. Our purpose is to assess follow‐up histopathology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) results in patients with LROH, in comparison with LSIL, atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out HSIL (ASC‐H), and HSIL in our institution.DesignCervical Papanicolaou tests with LROH, LSIL, ASC‐H and HSIL interpretation, surgical follow‐up, and hrHPV status were retrieved from the computer database from May 2014 to December 2016.ResultsOf 109 963 total Papanicolaou tests, LROH comprised 0.3%, LSIL 3.1%, ASC‐H 0.2% and HSIL 0.4%. Only 3272 cases with surgical diagnoses were included in the study. The most common histological outcome for ASC‐H was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2/3 (32.6%); LSIL was CIN 1 (45.7%); LROH was CIN 1 (46.7%) and HSIL was CIN 2/3 (64.4%). For LROH and LSIL, 31.1% and 7.5% respectively, had CIN 2/3. Approximately 79% of cases were hrHPV positive. Of LROH cases with surgical follow‐up, 86.9% tested hrHPV positive, accounting for the second most common positive group after HSIL (92.6%).ConclusionIn our study cohort, LROH interpretation is associated with a higher number of CIN 2 or higher lesions on follow‐up compared to patients with LSIL (P < 0.0001), and is associated with a significant percentage of positive other hrHPV, supporting LROH as a useful diagnostic category that triggers appropriate follow‐up in affected women.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for antipsychotic‐associated cardio‐metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Siskind Dan , Hahn Margaret , Correll Christoph U. , Fink‐Jensen Anders , Russell Anthony W. , Bak Nikolaj , Broberg Brian V. , Larsen Julie , Ishøy Pelle L. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K. , Kisely Steve , Ebdrup Bjørn H. 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo evaluate if glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) reduce antipsychotic‐associated body weight gain in patients with schizophrenia, when compared to controls.Materials and methodsWe systematically searched PubMed/EMBASE/PsycINFO/Cochrane using the search terms ‘(antipsychotic and GLP‐1RA)’. Individual participant data from studies randomizing patients to GLP‐1RA or control were meta‐analysed. The primary outcome was difference in body weight between GLP‐1RA and control; secondary outcomes included cardio‐metabolic variables and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Multiple linear regression was conducted including sex, age, psychosis severity, metabolic variable, ADRs, and GLP‐1RA agent.ResultsThree studies (exenatide once‐weekly = 2; liraglutide once‐daily = 1) provided participant‐level data (n = 164, age = 40.0 ± 11.1 years, body weight = 105.8 ± 20.8 kg). After 16.2 ± 4.0 weeks of treatment, body weight loss was 3.71 kg (95% CI = 2.44‐4.99 kg) greater for GLP‐1RA versus control (p < 0.001), number‐needed‐to‐treat ≥5% body weight loss = 3.8 (95% CI = 2.6‐7.2). Waist circumference, body mass index, HbA1c, fasting glucose and visceral adiposity were each significantly lower with GLP‐1RA. Sex, age, psychosis severity, nausea, any ADR, and GLP‐1RA agent did not significantly impact outcomes. Body weight loss with GLP‐1RAs was greater for clozapine/olanzapine‐treated patients (n = 141) than other antipsychotics (n = 27) (4.70 kg, 95% CI = 3.13‐6.27 vs. 1.5 kg, 95% CI = −1.47‐4.47) (p < 0.001). Nausea was more common with GLP‐1RAs than control (53.6% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.002, number‐needed‐to‐harm = 3.8).ConclusionGLP‐1RAs are effective and tolerable for antipsychotic‐associated body weight gain, particularly clozapine/olanzapine‐treated patients. With few included patients, further studies are required before making routine use recommendations for GLP‐1RAs.
Species persistence under climate change: a geographical scale coexistence problem
Authors: Usinowicz Jacob , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractForecasting the impacts of climate change on biological diversity requires better ways to incorporate competitive interactions into predictions of species’ range dynamics and persistence. This problem has been studied extensively in a different context by theoreticians evaluating the coexistence of species in spatially heterogeneous environments. Here, we show how spatial coexistence theory can be adapted to provide a mathematical framework for understanding species persistence in competitive communities under climate change. We first show how the spatial low‐density growth rate provides the relevant metric of species persistence along a climate gradient. We then analyse a model of multiple migrating competitors to show how mechanisms contributing to low‐density growth rates quantify the effect of different competitive processes on persistence, and how these processes change in strength with species’ asynchronous migration under climate change. Finally, we outline the empirical utility of the framework, showing how the theory can scale up from local measurements of species performance and competitive interactions to range‐scale metrics of persistence. Treating species’ range dynamics as a geographical‐scale coexistence problem presents its own set of challenges, but building from a well‐established body of theory may greatly improve the predictability of species persistence in competitive communities under climate change.
Fatigue crack propagation behaviour of RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP under cyclic bending loads
Authors: Guo Xinyan , Huang Kainan , Huang Peiyan , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhao Chen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNumerical and experimental methods were applied to investigate the fatigue crack propagation behaviour of the reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fibre laminate (CFL). On the one hand, a theoretical analysis method was presented to calculate the stress intensity factor K of the main crack on RC beam strengthened with prestressed CFL. On the other hand, fatigue crack propagation tests were carried out to obtain the crack propagation rate on RC beams strengthened with CFL, which had different prestressing levels (0%, 15%, and 22%). For accurate description of the fatigue crack propagation and fatigue life prediction, the digital image correlation method was used to capture the fatigue crack pattern. Based on the numerical and experimental method, a modified version of Paris' law was proposed. Compared with RC beams strengthened with nonprestressed CFL, the main crack propagation rates on RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFL having prestressing levels of 15% and 22% were decreased by 28% and 33%, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed modified version of Paris' law was verified.
Weathering of Oil in a Surficial Aquifer
Authors: Baedecker Mary Jo , Eganhouse Robert P. , Qi Haiping , Cozzarelli Isabelle M. , Trost Jared J. , Bekins Barbara A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe composition of crude oil in a surficial aquifer was determined in two locations at the Bemidji, MN, spill site. The abundances of 71 individual hydrocarbons varied within 16 locations sampled. Little depletion of these hydrocarbons (relative to the pipeline oil) occurred in the first 10 years after the spill, whereas losses of 25% to 85% of the total measured hydrocarbons occurred after 30 years. The C6‐30 n‐alkanes, toluene, and o‐xylene were the most depleted hydrocarbons. Some hydrocarbons, such as the n‐C10–24 cyclohexanes, tri‐ and tetra‐ methylbenzenes, acyclic isoprenoids, and naphthalenes were the least depleted. Benzene was detected at every sampling location 30 years after the spill. Degradation of the oil led to increases in the percent organic carbon and in the δ 13C of the oil. Another method of determining hydrocarbon loss was by normalizing the total measured hydrocarbon concentrations to that of the most conservative analytes. This method indicated that the total measured hydrocarbons were depleted by 47% to 77% and loss of the oil mass over 30 years was 18% to 31%. Differences in hydrocarbon depletion were related to the depth of the oil in the aquifer, local topography, amount of recharge reaching the oil, availability of electron acceptors, and the presence of less permeable soils above the oil. The results from this study indicate that once crude oil has been in the subsurface for a number of years there is no longer a “starting oil concentration” that can be used to understand processes that affect its fate and the transport of hydrocarbons in groundwater.
Effect of homogenisation on detection of milk protein content based on NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Yanzeng , Guo Wenchuan , Zhu Xinhua , Liu Qiang 
Published: September 2018

SummaryInvestigating the effect of homogenisation on the prediction performance of protein content by using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is helpful to improve protein determination precision. For this purpose, the influence of homogenisation on milk fat globules and NIR spectra was analysed firstly. Then, NIR spectra of eighty‐seven cow milk samples before and after homogenisation were obtained. Multiplicative scatter correction was used to do spectral pretreatment. Uninformative variable elimination based on partial least squares (UVE‐PLS) and successive projection algorithm was used to extract characteristic variables. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least squares support vector machine models were established. The results showed that homogenisation made milk fat globules be distributed evenly, decreased the size of fat globules and improved NIR spectral repeatability and prediction precision on protein content. The best model was PLSR‐UVE‐PLS, having good and excellent protein prediction ability for un‐homogenised milk (RMSEP = 0.06 g/100 g, RPD = 2.69) and homogenised milk (RMSEP = 0.04 g/100 g, RPD = 3.59), respectively.