bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advance care planning in the palliative phase of people with intellectual disabilities: analysis of medical files and interviews
Authors: Voss H. , Vogel A. , Wagemans A. M. A. , Francke A. L. , Metsemakers J. F. M. , Courtens A. M. , de Veer A. J. E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is a process in which professionals, patients and their relatives discuss wishes and options for future care. ACP in the palliative phase reduces the chance that decisions have to be taken suddenly and can therefore improve the quality of life and death. The primary aim of this study is to explore how ACP takes place in cases of people with intellectual disabilities (ID).MethodMedical files were analysed, and interviews were held in six care organisations for people with mild to severe ID. The data concerned people with ID (n = 30), 15 in the palliative phase, identified using the ‘surprise question’, and 15 who had died after an identifiable period of illness. Additional pre‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with their relatives (n = 30) and professionals (n = 33).ResultsFor half of the people with ID who had died, the first report in their file about palliative care (needs) was less than 1 month before their death. Professionals stated that ACP was started in response to the person's deteriorating health situation. A do‐not‐attempt‐resuscitation order was recorded for nearly all people with ID (93%). A smaller group also had other agreements between professionals and relatives documented in their files, mainly about potentially life‐sustaining treatments (43%) and/or hospitalisation admissions (47%). Relatives and professionals are satisfied with the mutual cooperation in ACP in the palliative phase. Cognitive and communication disabilities were most frequently mentioned by relatives and professionals as reasons for not involving people with ID in ACP.ConclusionsAdvance care planning in the palliative phase of people with ID focuses mainly on medical issues at the end of life. Specific challenges concern a proactive identification of changing needs, fear to initiate ACP discussions, documentation of ACP in medical files and the involvement of people with ID in ACP. It is recommended that relatives and professionals should be informed about the content of ACP and professionals should be trained in communicating in advance about wishes for future care.
On the petrology of brittle precursors of shear zones – An expression of concomitant brittle deformation and fluid–rock interactions in the ‘ductile’ continental crust?
Authors: Leydier Thomas , Goncalves Philippe , Lanari Pierre , Oliot Emilien 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe inherited localization model for shear zone development suggests that ductile deformation in the middle and lower continental crust is localized on mechanical anisotropies, like fractures, referred to as shear zone brittle precursors. In the Neves area (Western Tauern Window, Eastern Alps), although the structural control of these brittle precursors on ductile strain localization is well established, the relative timing of the brittle deformation and associated localized fluid flow with respect to ductile deformation remains in most cases a matter of debate. The present petrological study, carried out on a brittle precursor of a shear zone affecting the Neves metagranodiorite, aims to determine whether brittle and ductile deformations are concomitant and therefore relate to the same tectonic event. The brittle precursor consists of a 100–500 µm wide recrystallized zone with a host mineral‐controlled stable mineral assemblage composed of plagioclase–garnet–quartz–biotite–zoisite±white mica±pyrite. Plagioclase and garnet preserve an internal compositional zoning interpreted as the fingerprint of Alpine metamorphism and fluid–rock interactions concomitant with the brittle deformation. Phase equilibrium modelling of this garnet‐bearing brittle precursor shows that metamorphic garnet and plagioclase both nucleated at 0.6 ± 0.05 GPa, 500 ± 20°C and then grew along a prograde path to 0.75 ± 0.05 GPa, 530 ± 20°C. These amphibolite facies conditions are similar to those inferred from ductile shear zones from the same area, suggesting that both brittle and ductile deformation were active in the ductile realm above 500°C for a depth range between 17 and 21 km. We speculate that the Neves area fulfils most of the required conditions to have hosted slow earthquakes during Alpine continental collision, that is, coupled frictional and viscous deformation under high‐fluid pressure conditions ~450°C. Further investigation of this potential geological record is required to demonstrate that slow earthquakes may not be restricted to subduction zones but are also very likely to occur in modern continental collision settings.
Obesity after neonatal overfeeding is independent of hypothalamic microgliosis
Authors: Soch Alita , Sominsky Luba , De Luca Simone N. , Spencer Sarah J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe early‐life environment is important in programming brain development, and metabolic disruptions at this time can have long‐lasting effects. Previously, we have shown that rats overfed for the first 3 weeks of their neonatal life maintain obesity into adulthood. Neonatal overfeeding also leads to primed hypothalamic and hippocampal microglia that are hyper‐responsive to an immune challenge in adulthood. However, whether this microglial priming contributes to the obese phenotype and whether it is possible to reverse either the obesity or the microglial priming are not clear. In the present study, we hypothesised that an intervention with minocycline during the juvenile period (postnatal day 21‐42) would normalise both the microglial priming and obesity. To induce obesity in neonatal Wistar rats, we manipulated the litter sizes in which they were suckled, yielding litters of 12 (control‐fed) or four (neonatally overfed). After weaning, we administered minocycline i.p. every second day for a 3‐week period and examined body composition and microglial profiles 24 hours following an immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide. As demonstrated previously, neonatal overfeeding resulted in prolonged weight gain. However, minocycline failed to reverse this effect. Minocycline did reverse microglial priming in feeding‐related regions of the hypothalamus, with minimal effects on pro‐inflammatory cytokines and on microglial number and morphology in the hippocampus. Thus, the programming effect of neonatal overfeeding on microglial priming can be ameliorated by minocycline later in life. However, the persistent obesity seen after neonatal overfeeding is likely not driven by changes in hypothalamic inflammation and microglial activity.
Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations
Authors: Eisová Stanislava , Píšová Hana , Velemínský Petr , Bruner Emiliano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe vascular networks running into the meningeal layers, between the brain and braincase, leave imprints on the endocranial surface. These traces are visible in osteological specimens and skeletal collections, providing indirect evidence of vascular patterns in those cases in which bone remains are the only source of anatomical information, such as in forensic science, bioarchaeology and paleontology. The main vascular elements are associated with the middle meningeal artery, the venous sinuses of the dura mater, and the emissary veins. Most of these vascular systems have been hypothesized to be involved in endocranial thermal regulation. Although these traits deal with macroanatomical features, much information on their variation is still lacking. In this survey, we analyze a set of craniovascular imprints in two European dry skull samples with different neurocranial proportions: a brachycephalic Czech sample (n = 103) and a mesocephalic Italian sample (n = 152). We analyzed variation and distribution, correlation with cranial metrics, and sex differences in the dominance of the branches of the middle meningeal artery, the patterns of confluence of the sinuses, and the size of the emissary foramina. The descriptive statistics provide a reference to compare specimens and samples from different case studies. When compared with the Italian skulls, the Czech skulls display a greater dominance of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery and more asymmetric right‐dominance of the confluence of the venous sinuses. There is no sex difference in the middle meningeal vessels, but males show a greater prevalence of the occipito‐marginal draining system. Differences in the middle meningeal vessels or venous sinuses are apparently not influenced by cranial dimensions or proportions. The mastoid foramina are larger in larger and more brachycephalic skulls, which increases the emissary potential flow in the Czech sample and males, when compared with the Italian samples and females, respectively. The number of mastoid foramina increases in wider skulls. This anatomic information is necessary to develop further morphological and functional inferences on the relationships between neurocranial bones and vessels at the genetic, ontogenetic, and phylogenetic levels.
Treatment of alopecia areata with nonablative fractional laser combined with topical minoxidil
Authors: Wang Wuyuntana , Gegentana  , Tonglaga  , Bagenna  , Li Yuanhong 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a relatively common dermatosis with the sudden burst of hair loss on the scalp and other hair‐bearing regions. However, because of high relapse and side effects, no satisfactory therapy has been widely accepted.ObjectiveTo observe the efficiency and safety of the combination therapy of a nonablative fractional (NAF) laser and topical minoxidil for AA.MethodsEight Chinese AA patients were included in this study. These patients received 10 treatments every two weeks. At every time, the subject was given 10 to 15 mJ of energy with a total intensity of 300 spots/cm2. After the laser treatment, a topical 5% minoxidil tincture was immediately applied twice daily and continued until the final laser treatment.ResultsHair regrowth was observed 1‐2 months after treatment. There was complete regrowth in 2 patients, and the lesions of 2 children with alopecia universalis were covered with 30% and 50% regrowth, respectively. All patients except 1 had no relapse at the 1‐year follow‐up examination.ConclusionThe combination of nonablative laser and topical minoxidil may be a good alternative therapy for AA patients, including alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis, without systemic and local side effects.
Large fetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix: Antenatal sonographic diagnosis and follow‐up
Authors: Gowda Sunil , Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha V. , Bharathi Shree , Barathi Deepak 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix is an uncommon antenatal finding defined as focal dilatation of umbilical vein >9 mm or more than two standard deviations above the mean for the gestational age. We report the case of a 28‐year‐old gravida 2 diabetic lady, who presented at 35 weeks of gestation, whose antenatal ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion of size 4 × 3.8 cm showing turbulent venous flow in the fetal abdomen in continuity with the umbilical vein, diagnosed as umbilical vein varix without any other anomaly. Postnatal ultrasonography showed size reduction and thrombosis of varix. Isolated umbilical vein varix has a favorable outcome, whereas those associated with other structural anomalies have a variable prognosis. This case was reported because of the unusually large size of varix with a good outcome and also to stress the importance of detailed sonography and close fetal monitoring in the presence of umbilical vein varix.
Current status of percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling in Japan
Authors: Sasahara Jun , Ishii Keisuke , Fujikawa Eri , Mitsuda Nobuaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the survey is to investigate current practice and complications of percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS) in Japan.MethodsIn this retrospective survey, data including perioperative information, indications, details of the procedure and procedure‐related complications were collected for patients who underwent PUBS between 2012 and 2016 in Japanese perinatal care centers.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐three patients underwent PUBS and a total of 223 procedures were analyzed in this study. Fetal anemia was the most common indication for PUBS, representing greater than 70% of all cases. Anemia specific to monochorionic twins, such as acute feto‐fetal hemorrhage subsequent to single intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and twin anemia‐polycythemia sequence, were the leading causes of suspected fetal anemia. Maternal anesthetics were given during the procedure in 70% of cases. The PTC needle (Hakko, Japan) was most commonly used in the procedure. The most frequent complication was bleeding from the umbilical cord puncture site; however, it did not require immediate delivery during or after the procedure in any case. IUFD occurred in 11 (4.9%) procedures, 7 of which appeared to be related to the underlying fetal disease. The overall completion rate of the procedure was 97%.ConclusionPercutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling was most commonly performed for the evaluation of fetal anemia, usually due to complications of monochorionic twins, followed by the measurement of fetal thyroid function. The safety and the completion rate of the procedure in Japan appear satisfactory.
Stigma: A linguistic analysis of personality disorder in the UK popular press, 2008–2017
Authors: Bowen Matt 
Published: June 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

People with a diagnosis of personality disorder often experience stigma both outside of, and within, mental health services.

The media contribute to people's understanding of mental health issues, and negative portrayals appear to lead to increased negative attitudes in readers.

Relatively little is known about how the press represent personality disorder, and the types of messages that people with this disorder may be receiving, which may impact on their understanding of themselves and emotional well‐being.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The key findings indicate that in a 10‐year period, the representation of personality disorder in the popular tabloid press in the UK was characterized by the frequent use of language of violence.

The research approach enabled the study to identify significant patterns in the language used, rather than only using a checklist of words that the press are directed to avoid.

This adds to our understanding about the images repeatedly presented that may affect how readers treat people with a diagnosis of personality disorder and affect the self‐esteem of those with the diagnosis.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses are well placed to address issues of stigma both in terms of the general public's beliefs and the impact it has on those who use mental health services.

A greater understanding of the messages in the press can help nurses to support service users who are vulnerable to believing that their lives will start to reflect the negative messages they have read.

AbstractIntroductionMany people with a diagnosis of personality disorder experience stigma, and the press’ representations may contribute to those processes. To date, little is known about how the press write about people with personality disorder and analysis of language used is often limited to checklists of words to avoid.AimThe aim of the study was to explore the linguistic characteristics of press articles about personality disorder in popular tabloids in the UK and consider the implications for stigmatization.MethodCorpus linguistics was used to examine a 50% sample of all articles published by the popular press in the UK, from 2008 to 2017, that referred to personality disorder (n = 260).ResultsThe findings identified a range of words that constructed narratives of violence.DiscussionThe method enabled the findings to expand the current level of knowledge in the field, identifying patterns in the use of the language of violence, which may contribute to the processes of self‐stigma.Implications for practiceGreater understanding of the messages in the press can sensitize nurses to common misconceptions about the disorder, how these may have become internalised and the need for psycho‐social interventions to address the impact of self‐stigma on self‐esteem.
Nurses' satisfaction with barcode medication‐administration technology: Results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Darawad Muhammad W. , Othman Elham H. , Alosta Mohammed R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMedication administration is a critical task of nurses that, if not done appropriately, can lead to fatal errors. New technologies, including barcode medication administration, are intended to decrease medication errors and enhance verification of medication‐administration rights. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of introducing barcode medication administration on nurses' satisfaction and identified correlates of nurses' satisfaction with barcode medication administration. A descriptive, cross‐sectional design using self‐reported questionnaires was utilized to recruit 207 nurses from three public hospitals. Participants reported being moderately satisfied with barcode medication administration, especially with its efficacy and safety aspects. Their satisfaction had a significant negative correlation with their age, nursing experience, and experience using barcode medication administration, and a significant positive correlation with barcode medication‐administration training satisfaction, computer competence, comfort with using barcode medication administration, and perceived job productivity using barcode medication administration. This study provides important information about Jordanian nurses' satisfaction with barcode medication‐administration technology and provides greater understanding of different clinical correlates to barcode medication‐administration satisfaction. It is recommended that effective barcode medication‐administration training and computer skills training be provided prior to establishing barcode medication administration in hospitals and that the safety features of barcode medication administration be integrated in clinical education and training.
Rhythm in speech and animal vocalizations: a cross‐species perspective
Authors: Ravignani Andrea , Dalla Bella Simone , Falk Simone , Kello Christopher T. , Noriega Florencia , Kotz Sonja A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhy does human speech have rhythm? As we cannot travel back in time to witness how speech developed its rhythmic properties and why humans have the cognitive skills to process them, we rely on alternative methods to find out. One powerful tool is the comparative approach: studying the presence or absence of cognitive/behavioral traits in other species to determine which traits are shared between species and which are recent human inventions. Vocalizations of many species exhibit temporal structure, but little is known about how these rhythmic structures evolved, are perceived and produced, their biological and developmental bases, and communicative functions. We review the literature on rhythm in speech and animal vocalizations as a first step toward understanding similarities and differences across species. We extend this review to quantitative techniques that are useful for computing rhythmic structure in acoustic sequences and hence facilitate cross‐species research. We report links between vocal perception and motor coordination and the differentiation of rhythm based on hierarchical temporal structure. While still far from a complete cross‐species perspective of speech rhythm, our review puts some pieces of the puzzle together.
Diagnostic test accuracy of Spot and Plusoptix photoscreeners in detecting amblyogenic risk factors in children: a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xian , Wang Jiaxing , Li Ying , Jiang Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeAmblyopia is a permanent visual impairment developed in early childhood. Recently, instrument‐based photoscreeners have been widely used for vision screening to detect amblyopia risk factors, which is key for the prevention and treatment of amblyopia. This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy of Spot and Plusoptix photoscreeners in detecting risk factors for amblyopia in children.MethodsAn electronic literature search was performed in October 2018 using the MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Twenty‐one publications with a total of 5022 subjects were included. Subjects given a comprehensive examination were considered to have amblyopia or amblyogenic risk factors based on the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) referral criteria guidelines.ResultsThe overall sensitivity for Spot and Plusoptix was 87.7% and 89.4%, respectively (p = 0.38); the specificity was 78.0% and 89.9%, respectively (p = 0.90). For subjects under 7 years old (preschool children), the overall sensitivity for Spot and Plusoptix was 91.7% and 90.2%, respectively (p = 0.81); the specificity was 82.6% and 93.0%, respectively (p = 0.46).ConclusionBoth Spot and Plusoptix photoscreeners demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in detecting amblyopia risk factors in children, especially at preschool ages. There was no significant difference in diagnostic test accuracy between them.
Calibration of the PlusOptix PowerRef 3 with change in viewing distance, adult age and refractive error
Authors: Ghahghaei Saeideh , Reed Olivia , Candy T Rowan , Chandna Arvind 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThe PowerRef 3 is frequently used in studying the near triad of accommodation, vergence and pupil responses in normal and clinical populations. Within a range, the defocus measurement of the PowerRef 3 is linearly related to the eye's defocus. While the default factory‐calibrated slope of this relation (calibration factor) is 1, it has been shown that the slope can vary across individuals. Here, we addressed the impact of changes in viewing distance, age and defocus of the eye on the calibration factor.MethodsWe manipulated viewing distance (40 cm, 1 m and 6 m) and recruited participants with a range of accommodative capabilities: participants in their 20s, 40s and over 60 years old. To test whether any effect was larger than the range of measurement reliability of the instrument, we collected data for each condition four times: two in the same session, another on the same day, and one on a different day.ResultsThe results demonstrated that viewing distance did not affect the calibration factor over the linear range, regardless of age or uncorrected refractive error. The largest proportion of the variance was explained by between‐subject differences.ConclusionsCalibration data for the PowerRef 3 were not sensitive to changes in viewing distance. Nevertheless, our results re‐emphasise the relevance of calibration for studies of individual participants.