bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of cystatin C as a potential bladder tumour biomarker confirmed by surface plasmon resonance technique
Authors: Tokarzewicz Anna , Guszcz Tomasz , Onopiuk Anna , Kozlowski Robert , Gorodkiewicz Ewa 
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:
The determination of cystatin C (cysC) may be helpful in diagnosis and monitoring of cancer because the pathogenesis of cancer is linked with an increased activity of cysteine peptidases (cathepsins) and a decrease of cysC concentration. This study was aimed to examine the utility of cysC as a marker of bladder cancer (BCa) to be used in the diagnosis.

Methods:
This study was conducted with 90 patients with BCa and 27 healthy people. Patients with other cancers, inflammation process and impaired renal function were excluded from the study. The concentrations of cysC in the plasma and urine were measured by surface plasmon resonance imaging technique.

Results:
The concentration of cysC in the serum taken from the patients with BCa [0.35±0.02 μg/ml (range: 0.20-0.78 μg/ml)] was significantly (P <0.001) lower than the serum cysC concentration of the healthy people [0.68±0.05 μg/ml (range: 0.52-0.89 μg/ml)]. The urinary cysC concentration of the BCa patients [0.19±0.01 μg/ml (range: 0.09-0.34 μg/ml)] was not significantly different from the urinary cysC concentration of the healthy people [0.24±0.02 μg/ml (range: 0.16-0.33 μg/ml)]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that BCa patients with cysC concentration <0.54 μg/ml [sensitivity: 87%; specificity: 92%; area under the curve (AUC) of ROC: 0.927; P =0.02] could be optimally separated from healthy people. The ROC curve further showed that superficial low-grade patients with cysC concentration lower than 0.36 μg/ml (sensitivity: 0.63%; specificity: 0.58%; AUC of ROC: 0.635; P =0.08) could not be optimally separated from high-risk tumour patients.

Interpretation & conclusions:
BCa patients have lower serum cysC concentration than the control group. Serum cysC may be considered as a potential marker of BCa but not its aggressiveness.
Use of succinic & oxalic acid in reducing the dosage of colistin against New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 bacteria
Authors: Kumar Ravichandiran , Chandar Brinda , Parani Madasamy 
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) cleaves the beta-lactam ring, and confers bacterial resistance against most of the beta-lactam antibiotics, except tigecycline and colistin. Among these two antibiotics, colistin is considered toxic, and therefore, its clinical use and dosage need cautious approach. In the present study, six organic acids were screened individually and in combination of two acids for their effectiveness against NDM-1 Escherichia coli and a combination of colistin and oxalic or succinic acid was tested to find out the potential of combination therapy for reducing the dose of toxic colistin.

Methods:
Antibacterial activity of the organic acid and their combinations was tested by disc diffusion method against NDM-1 E. coli, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method. Synergistic effect between organic acids and colistin was tested by checkerboard method.

Results:
Oxalic acid showed the highest zone of inhibition (15±1 mm) followed by succinic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, citric acid and malic acid. The combination of two acids did not increase the zone of inhibition significantly. MIC was found to be the lowest with oxalic acid and succinic acid (320 μg/ml). In the presence of 160 μg/ml oxalic acid or succinic acid, MIC of colistin was reduced from 8 to 4 μg/ml, indicating synergistic effect.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed that combination therapy using colistin and oxalic acid or succinic acid might find safe clinical application of this antibiotic in controlling infections due to NDM-1 bacteria.
Immunohistochemistry on pattern of ocular & adnexal tumours in a tertiary eye care centre of Northeast India
Authors: Das Dipankar , Bhattacharjee Harsha , Deka Apurba , Deka Panna , Serasiya Samir , Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Das Jayanta Kumar , Kuri Ganesh Chandra , Pawar Eknath , Saxena Rushil Kumar 
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:
Ocular and adnexal tumours are important causes of morbidity in India and globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital molecular pathology tool, which helps to diagnose a tumour with more accuracy. The present study was undertaken to document the profile of ocular and adnexal tumour with IHC at a tertiary eye care center in Northeast India.

Methods:
This was a prospective and laboratory-based study. Histopathological and IHC study of the ocular and adnexal tumour was carried out from 2012 to 2014. Selection of pathological cases was made on the result of the histological diagnosis. All samples were subjected to IHC using kits for different antibodies as per indications.

Results:
In total, 645 tumours were included in our study, with 449 benign conditions and 196 were malignant tumours. Total IHCs were done in 87 tumours and 238 of antibodies were used. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-cell, low-to-intermediate type and mucosal-associated lymphoid tumours) were the most common tumor.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Clinical utility of the IHCs in different ophthalmic tumours can enable pathologists to make an accurate diagnosis and thus help in the overall management of the patient care. IHC may be carried out using various methods and some of the methods practiced are time consuming and tedious. In this study, kit methods were used which were found to be simpler and less time-consuming.
La seguridad y soberanía alimentaria
Authors: Gómez-Trujillo Elvin Ariel , Martinez-Andrades Erick , Rivas-García Julio Antonio , Villalobos-Maradiaga Edixia María 
Published: May 2018

El presente escrito se centró en la revisión de la literatura para conocer las principales definiciones de seguridad y soberanía alimentaria, establecer sus diferencias, y el cómo la globalización interviene en la aplicación de estos conceptos en el mundo. Se concluye que la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria constituye una parte primordial para todos los sectores en países en desarrollo como el caso de Nicaragua. En la educación y el desarrollo rural la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria reviste de gran importancia para evaluar sus efectos. La globalización como nueva forma de dominio, trata de imponer a países como el nuestro lo que hay que producir, y además la manera de cómo debe hacerse para satisfacer las demandas y necesidades de las naciones más poderosas. Además imponen lo que nosotros debemos consumir, obligándonos a ser consumidores e importadores de comida chatarra. Lamentablemente las pautas de una alimentación sana están sometidas a las leyes del mercado internacional, y obliga a plantearse la formulación de una Política Alimentaria que distribuya equitativamente los bienes que producimos, que garantice el derecho de nuestro pueblo a la Alimentación, que garantice la Seguridad Alimentaria y sobre todo, la Soberanía Alimentaria de este país que amamos. Es por este hecho que en nuestra legislación ya existen leyes que tratan la solución a este problema.
Plan de desarrollo humano nicaragüense, 2012-2016: un enfoque para la educación y desarrollo rural
Authors: Martinez-Andrade Erick , Rivas-García Julio Antonio , Villalobos-Maradiaga Edixia María , Gómez-Trujillo Elvin Ariel , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio analizó las bondades del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano (PNDH) 2012 – 2016, formulado y aplicado en Nicaragua y rectorado por el gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional (GRUN), como un instrumento de la Educación y el Desarrollo Rural para llevar a la práctica las políticas públicas, estrategias y acciones de Nación, que permitan alcanzar los propósitos de reducción de la pobreza, Desarrollo Humano, Social, Económico, con justicia y desde el protagonismo de la persona, las familias y la comunidad. El PNDH es un plan vivo, en continua construcción, abierto a los aportes de la sociedad nicaragüense, que es actualizado de manera periódica para ajustarse a los procesos cambiantes internos y externos, es un plan Maestro que sirve de referencia para el mediano y largo plazo, es decir cualquier política pública tendrá como referencia la articulación con este plan en el cual se aspira a tener una estructura holística e integral. En el marco de la Educación y Desarrollo Rural el estudio del PNDH resulta ser un instrumento para mejorar la calidad de vida de los y las nicaragüenses ubicándolos como centro y sujeto primordial del desarrollo, por medio del crecimiento económico con equidad social y la transformación de los métodos de producción y de los patrones de consumo y que se sustenta en el equilibrio ecológico y el soporte vital de la región.
Las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) como respuesta a necesidades educativas zonas rurales en Nicaragua
Authors: Bermúdez-León Domingo Samuel , Zúniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar desde una perspectiva crítica sobre las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la educación rural, tomando como antecedente, el poco acceso a estas nuevas tendencias y partiendo de que estos recursos no resuelven por sí solos los problemas o necesidades, sin embargo pueden generar respuestas a situaciones específicas que puedan surgir. También los proyectos institucionales, destinados a dotar de recursos tecnológicos y programas educativos a las escuelas, han tenido especial repercusión en el ámbito rural, contribuyendo a minimizar la brecha digital entre los contextos urbanos y rurales. Todos demandan mayor reconocimiento y apoyo tanto por parte de las instituciones públicas como de las familias, cuya implicación en los procesos innovadores que ellos impulsan es muy escasa. Sin embargo, algo más de la mitad de los docentes entrevistados que trabajan en escuelas rurales declara sentirse apoyado por sus compañeros de centro, mientras que el resto manifiesta tener que buscar dicho apoyo en colegas de otros centros.
Metodología para analizar la Comprensión Lectora en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Midence-Laynes Mildred Esperanza 
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo se centró en analizar los enfoques y metodologías de las estrategias utilizadas en la comprensión lectora al momento de leer cualquier tipo de texto. Se realizó la revisión de la literatura de las metodologías para analizar la compresión de la Lectura en estudiantes de secundaria. Los resultados concluyen en los métodos de análisis para alcanzar buenos resultados en la compresión lectora en los estudiantes de secundaria el estudiante interactúa y resuelve diferentes actividades como: jugando con el verdadero o falsa y la selección de respuestas correctas, al mismo que el estudiantes realice lecturas de textos donde el identifique las ideas principales del texto, criterios a)Cuanto mayor sea el número de semejanzas entre la analogía y la idea a enseñar más efectiva será aquélla. b) Cuanto mayor sea el número de ideas que pueden hacerse familiares con una determinada analogía mayor será su utilidad. c) Cuanto mayor sea la familiaridad y el sentido de la analogía para el alumnado más eficaz será la analogía. d) Puede ser útil emplear más de una analogía, especialmente cuando existen muchas diferencias individuales entre el alumnado. e) Cuando se emplea una analogía debe señalarse con claridad el tipo de estructura a comparar.
La educación en Nicaragua
Authors: Martinez-Rugama Gabriel Isaias , Rivas-Garcia Julio Antonio , Martinez-Andrades Erick 
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo se enfoca en la comprensión del sistema educativo nicaragüense, su marco legal así como las modalidades educativas que se establecen en el mismo; lo cual iremos definiendo de manera conceptual en cada aspecto clave del sistema educativo nicaragüense. Sabemos que la educación en Nicaragua tiene como objetivo la formación plena e integral de las personas así como de dotarles de una conciencia crítica, científica y humanista; desarrollar su personalidad y el sentido de su dignidad; y capacitarles para asumir las tareas de interés común que demanda el progreso de la nación. La educación es un factor para la transformación y el desarrollo del ser humano. Basados en estos conceptos se inició a definir los sistemas educativos de nuestro país.
Reflexiones para medir el impacto socio económico del bono productivo alimenticio
Authors: Mondragon-Lainez Ana Doris , Zúniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio es una revisión del diseño metodológico para medir el impacto socio económico del programa del Bono Productivo. Así, cuando se estudia una metodología lo primero que se encuentra el investigador es la definición del tipo de investigación que desea realizar. La escogencia del tipo de investigación determinará los pasos a seguir del estudio, sus técnicas y métodos que puedan emplear en el mismo. En general determina todo el enfoque de la investigación influyendo en instrumentos, y hasta la manera de cómo se analiza los datos recaudados para medir un impacto como el del Bono Productivo. Así, el punto de los tipos de investigación en una investigación va a constituir un paso importante en la metodología, pues este va a determinar el enfoque del mismo. Este puede dividirse en dos tipos principales de Campo o de Laboratorio. Estudios Exploratorios: También conocido como estudio piloto, son aquellos que se investigan por primera vez o son estudios muy pocos investigados. También se emplean para identificar una problemática. Estudios: Describen los hechos como son observados. Estudios Correlaciónales: Estudian las relaciones entre variables dependientes independientes, ósea se estudia la correlación entre dos variables. Estudios Explicativos: Este tipo de estudio busca el por qué de los hechos, estableciendo relaciones de causa- efecto. Pero en este caso estaremos abordando todos los apartados que conllevan el diseño metodológico de la investigación, cualitativa y los aspectos que a ella se refieren.
Silencing the Other Within: Metis Music at Manitoba’s Old-Time Fiddle Competitions
Authors: Giroux Monique 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAbstract. This essay examines Metis-style categories at fiddle contests in Manitoba, Canada. I argue that these categories, although positioned as spaces of alliance, function to contain Metis reemergence and resurgence. Adapting the concept of the “other within” (Bohlman 2000:191), I suggest that Metis-style categories provide a space for settlers to internalize Metis identity. This internalization allows participants to practice a (settler-defined) Metis identity without having to engage with the Metis nation or develop a nation-to-nation relationship. Metis-style categories thus create the semblance of encounter, an act that works to silence the Metis nation.
AVALIAÇÃO DO USO DE PRODUTOS NATURAIS NA PRÁTICA DO PROFISSIONAL DE SAÚDE
Authors: Mendes Vanessa Alves , Stocco Patrícia , Lara Ane Caroline de , Oliveira Cristiane Melo de , Lisboa Helen Cristina Fávero 
Published: May 2018

Os produtos naturais ganham cada dia mais adeptos, o que exige dos profissionais de saúde um conhecimento mais aprimorado sobre o assunto. Seguindo esse pressuposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de produtos naturais na prática dos profissionais de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, exploratória, não experimental, realizada através de entrevista aplicando-se um questionário contendo perguntas abertas e/ou fechadas, abordando indagações referentes ao conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde de 13 Programas Saúde da Família (PSF’s) da cidade de Rondonópolis (MT). Dos 64 entrevistados, 60,9% informaram saber a diferença entre planta medicinal e fitoterápico, 67,2% confiam parcialmente nos efeitos, 57,8% desconhecem os riscos do uso indiscriminado e 63,6% não prescrevem tais produtos. Considerando os resultados obtidos, verifica-se o desconhecimento e/ou despreparo dos profissionais em relação aos fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais, sendo necessário mais informação à respeito dos seus efeitos farmacológico e tóxicos, minimizando os riscos à saúde da população. Descritores: Fitoterapia. Plantas Medicinais. Produtos naturais. Profissionais da saúde
High‐Z Sensitized Plastic Scintillators: A Review
Authors: Hajagos Tibor Jacob , Liu Chao , Cherepy Nerine J. , Pei Qibing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe need for affordable and reliable radiation detectors has prompted significant investment in new radiation detector materials, due to concerns about national security and nuclear nonproliferation. Plastic scintillators provide an affordable approach to large volume detectors, yet their performance for high‐energy gamma radiation is severely limited by the small radiation stopping power inherent to their low atomic number. Although some sensitization attempts with organometallics were made in the 1950s to 1960s, the concomitant decrease in light yield has limited the usefulness of these sensitized detectors. Recently, with new knowledge gained during the rapid development of organic optoelectronics and nanotechnology, there has been a revived interest in the field of heavy element sensitized plastic scintillators. Here, the recent efforts on sensitized plastic scintillators are summarized. Basic scintillator physics is first reviewed. The discussion then focuses on two major thrusts in the field: sensitization with: (1) organometallics and (2) oxide and fluoride nanoparticles. The design rationales and major results are examined in detail, with existing limitations and possible future pathways discussed. Special attention is paid to the underlying energy deposition and transfer processes, as these determine the key performance metrics such as light yield and radioluminescence decay lifetime.
Regional variation in weight‐for‐height z‐scores and surface area/body mass ratio of Chilean children from birth to 3 years of age
Authors: Retamal Rodrigo , Mascie‐Taylor C. G. Nicholas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of the study were to see how much of the variation in weight‐for‐height z‐scores (WHZ) and surface area/body mass ratio (SA/mass) were associated with regional (county) differences including mean temperature.Subjects and methodsLongitudinal data were obtained from routine medical check‐ups on 8,373 children from nine counties across Chile. WHZ and SA/mass were calculated from weight and height from birth to 3‐years old at 6 monthly intervals. County of birth was used as an independent variable after controlling for sociodemographic factors. Sequential repeated‐measures ANOVAs were used to analyze the changes in WHZ and SA/mass over the seven measurements from birth to 3 years of age. Simple and partial Pearson correlations were calculated between WHZ and annual mean temperature and between SA/mass and annual mean temperature after controlling for socioeconomic factors.ResultsCounty of birth was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with both WHZ and SA/mass. There was a progressive decrease in WHZ means and a progressive increase in SA/mass means from colder to warmer counties. Significant negative correlation in WHZ (r < −0.864) and significant positive correlations in SA/mass (r > 0.821) were found with the annual mean temperature from 18 months of age onwards and in the overall mean age.ConclusionThis study suggests that WHZ and SA/mass variation may be influenced by ecogeographical factors in this Chilean sample.
Enhancing the rights and well‐being of people with acquired brain injuries in the criminal justice system: Some findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Lansdell Gaye , Saunders Bernadette , Eriksson Anna , Bunn Rebecca , Baidawi Susan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on the issues currently facing people with an acquired brain injury (ABI) in the criminal justice system in the state of Victoria, Australia and, in particular, the impact of this condition on people suffering various forms of social disadvantage. This qualitative study involved in‐depth interviews with key stakeholders, such as service providers working in the system, court personnel including Magistrates and Judges, legal practitioners and persons living with an ABI and their carers. The aim was to determine the advantages and limitations of current policy and practices, and to identify possible actions which could lead to improved outcomes for this cohort. This paper responds to our research findings in relation to two key areas: first, the awareness of ABI amongst legal practitioners and service providers, prompting the need for better education, training and professional development; and second, the requirement to improve processes for identification, assessment and support, for people involved in the criminal justice system with ABI. A number of systemic modifications and educational initiatives are recommended to address the unreasonable and unacceptable impacts on persons living with an ABI in the criminal justice system.
Conformationally Programmable Chiral Foldamers with Compact and Extended Domains Controlled by Monomer Structure
Authors: Lockhart Zachariah , Knipe Peter C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFoldamers are an important class of abiotic macromolecules, with potential therapeutic applications in the disruption of protein–protein interactions. The majority adopt a single conformational motif such as a helix. A class of foldamer is now introduced where the choice of heterocycle within each monomer, coupled with a strong conformation‐determining dipole repulsion effect, allows both helical and extended conformations to be selected. Combining these monomers into hetero‐oligomers enables highly controlled exploration of conformational space and projection of side‐chains along multiple vectors. The foldamers were rapidly constructed via an iterative deprotection‐cross‐coupling sequence, and their solid‐ and solution‐phase conformations were analysed by X‐ray crystallography and NMR and CD spectroscopy. These molecules may find applications in protein surface recognition where the interface does not involve canonical peptide secondary structures.
Chemical/Light‐Powered Hybrid Micromotors with “On‐the‐Fly” Optical Brakes
Authors: Chen Chuanrui , Tang Songsong , Teymourian Hazhir , Karshalev Emil , Zhang Fangyu , Li Jinxing , Mou Fangzhi , Liang Yuyan , Guan Jianguo , Wang Joseph 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHybrid micromotors capable of both chemically powered propulsion and fuel‐free light‐driven actuation and offering built‐in optical brakes for chemical propulsion are described. The new hybrid micromotors are designed by combining photocatalytic TiO2 and catalytic Pt surfaces into a Janus microparticle. The chemical reactions on the different surfaces of the Janus particle hybrid micromotor can be tailored by using chemical or light stimuli that generate counteracting propulsion forces on the catalytic Pt and photocatalytic TiO2 sides. Such modulation of the surface chemistry on a single micromotor leads to switchable propulsion modes and reversal of the direction of motion that reflect the tuning of the local ion concentration and hence the dominant propulsion force. An intermediate Au layer (under the Pt surface) plays an important role in determining the propulsion mechanism and operation of the hybrid motor. The built‐in optical braking system allows “on‐the‐fly” control of the chemical propulsion through a photocatalytic reaction on the TiO2 side to counterbalance the chemical propulsion force generated on the Pt side. The adaptive dual operation of these chemical/light hybrid micromotors, associated with such control of the surface chemistry, holds considerable promise for designing smart nanomachines that autonomously reconfigure their propulsion mode for various on‐demand operations.