bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Prevalence and Magnitude of Rapid Weight Loss in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes
Authors: Hillier Mathew , Sutton Louise , James Lewis , Mojtahedi Dara , Keay Nicola , Hind Karen 
Published: March 2019

The practice of rapid weight loss (RWL) in mixed martial arts (MMA) is an increasing concern but data remain scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, magnitude, methods, and influencers of RWL in professional and amateur MMA athletes. MMA athletes (N = 314; 287 men and 27 women) across nine weight categories (strawweight to heavyweight), completed a validated questionnaire adapted for this sport. Sex-specific data were analyzed, and subgroup comparisons were made between athletes competing at professional and amateur levels. Most athletes purposefully reduced body weight for competition (men: 97.2%; women: 100%). The magnitude of RWL in 1 week prior to weigh-in was significantly greater for professional athletes compared with those competing at amateur level (men: 5.9% vs. 4.2%; women: 5.0% vs. 2.1% of body weight; p < .05). In the 24 hr preceding weigh-in, the magnitude of RWL was greater at professional than amateur level in men (3.7% vs. 2.5% of body weight; p < .05). Most athletes “always” or “sometimes” used water loading (72.9%), restricting fluid intake (71.3%), and sweat suits (55.4%) for RWL. Coaches were cited as the primary source of influence on RWL practices (men: 29.3%; women: 48.1%). There is a high reported prevalence of RWL in MMA, at professional and amateur levels. Our findings, constituting the largest inquiry to date, call for urgent action from MMA organizations to safeguard the health and well-being of athletes competing in this sport.
The Quantification of Hop Landing Balance Using Trunk-Mounted Accelerometry
Authors: Williams Jonathan M. , Gara Michael , Clark Carol 
Published: March 2019

Context: Balance is important for injury prediction, prevention, and rehabilitation. Clinical measurement of higher level balance function such as hop landing is necessary. Currently, no method exists to quantify balance performance following hopping in the clinic. Objective: To quantify the sacral acceleration profile and test–retest reliability during hop landing. Participants: A total of 17 university undergraduates (age 27.6 [5.7] y, height 1.73 [0.11] m, weight 74.1 [13.9] kg). Main Outcome Measure: A trunk-mounted accelerometer captured the acceleration profile following landing from hopping forward, medially, and laterally. The path length of the acceleration traces were computed to quantify balance following landing. Results: Moderate to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient .67–.93) for hop landing was established with low to moderate SEM (4%–16%) and minimal detectable change values (13%–44%) for each of the hop directions. Significant differences were determined in balance following hop landing from the different directions. Conclusion: The results suggest that hop landing balance can be quantified by trunk-mounted accelerometry.
The Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Recovering From Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Crossover Study
Authors: Kirmizigil Berkiye , Chauchat Jeffry Roy , Yalciner Omer , Iyigun Gozde , Angin Ender , Baltaci Gul 
Published: March 2019

Context:Kinesio taping (KT) is a popular taping technique used in the recovery process; however, in the relevant literature, there is no real consensus on its efficacy.Objective:To investigate whether rectus femoris KT application after delayed onset muscle soreness enhances recovery of muscle soreness, edema, and physical performance.Participants:A total of 22 healthy amateur male athletes participated in this study.Design:Randomized, crossover study.Setting:Human performance laboratory of the university.Interventions:Participants performed an exercise protocol inducing delayed onset muscle soreness. They accomplished 2 distinct trials, with or without KT. The washout period between trials was 6 weeks. For the KT condition, KT inhibition technique was used and applied immediately after exercise bilaterally on rectus femoris.Main Outcome Measures:Range of motion, muscle soreness, and edema were measured at baseline, 30 minutes, 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. Dynamic balance, sprint, and horizontal jump were evaluated at similar time frame except for 30-minute postexercise.Results:The findings showed that there were no significant differences between the KT group (KTG) and control group for all outcome variables (P > .05). Muscle soreness returned to baseline values 72 hours postexercise only within the KTG (P > .05). Although the horizontal jump performance decreased substantially from baseline to 24 and 48 hours postexercise only within the control group (P < .05), the performance increased significantly from 24 to 72 hours postexercise within the KTG (P < .05). Balance increased significantly from baseline to 48 hours postexercise (P < .05) in both groups. Balance also increased significantly from baseline to 72 hours postexercise only within the KTG (P < .05). The effect size of soreness which is our primary outcome was large in both groups (r > .5).Conclusions:KT is favorable in the recovery of muscle soreness after delayed onset muscle soreness. KT has beneficial effects on horizontal jump performance and dynamic balance.
Inguinal Paravascular (Lumbar Plexus) Neurolytic Block—Description of a Catheter Technique: Case Report
Authors: Kaki Abdullah M. , Lewis Geraint W. 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesWe provided care for a 47-year-old female with a history of lung carcinoma and bony metastases who sustained a pathologic fracture of the right acetabulum causing severe and uncontrolled pain in the right groin. Her pain was rated as 8-10 on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). Her terminal disease and poor surgical risk precluded therapeutic operative intervention. Consequently, a neurolytic block of the lumbar plexus was performed as a palliative measure.MethodsA modified inguinal paravascular (lumbar plexus) block technique was used. A 17-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted in the groin area just lateral to femoral artery and 1 cm below the inguinal ligament. A guide wire was threaded through the needle and subsequently an angiogram catheter was introduced over the wire into the psoas muscle. Radiographic confirmation of the position was obtained, and the catheter was secured in place. A prognostic block using an infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine at 5 mL/h was initiated for the first 2 days. On the third day a neurolytic block with 6% phenol was performed.ResultsMarked pain relief was experienced by the patient (VAS: 0-1). Sensory block in the femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and obturator nerve distributions was elicited. Motor weakness in the femoral nerve was demonstrated. Narcotic use was markedly reduced, and the patient was discharged to home in a pain-free state.ConclusionsThis case report supports the feasibility of placing a catheter via a modified anterior inguinal paravascular block technique and its subsequent use for both local anesthetic infusion and neurolytic block of the lumbar plexus.
Performance enhancement of field effect transistor without doping junctions using In0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs for analog/RF applications
Authors: Fallahnejad Mohammad , Vadizadeh Mahdi , Salehi Alireza 
Published: March 2019

Reduction of transconductance related to the junctionless silicon (JL-Si) transistor shows challenges to its performance for analog/radio frequency (RF) applications. An effective way to increase the transconductance of JL-Si device without reducing its performance is to use III–V semiconductor materials with a high carrier mobility/velocity instead of silicon. In the present study, the application of In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As/GaAs structures is proposed in order to enhance the transconductance of double gate JL (DG-JL) with channel length of 10 nm and body thickness of 5 nm. The importance of the thickness of In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As layer as well as the indium mole fraction on the electrical characteristics of the proposed device is shown in terms of the transconductance by a numerical simulator. By decreasing the thickness of the In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As layer down to 1 nm for a specified mole fraction of 0.3, a maximum transconductance of 1.7 mS/um was obtained. Comparing the results of JL-In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As/GaAs device with JL-GaAs, JL-In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As and JL-Si structures, an increase of 21%, 18% and 44% in transconductance, respectively, was found. Moreover, simulation results show that the proposed structure exhibits output resistance of 300 G[Formula: see text], intrinsic gain of 32.5 dB and unity gain cut-off frequency of 513 GHz. Thus, the JL-In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As/GaAs device can be a good candidate for analog/RF applications.
Cancer Vaccines: Steering T Cells Down the Right Path to Eradicate Tumors
Authors: Ott Patrick A. , Wu Catherine J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Lack of tumor T-cell infiltration is a barrier to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies in patients with cancer. Because of their ability to activate and augment tumor-specific T cells, vaccines are an attractive approach to direct T-cell responses into the tumor.
The Caracal Caracal caracal Schreber, 1776 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Uzbekistan
Authors: Gritsina Mariya Alexeevna 
Published: March 2019

This article provides information about 27 records of the Caracal Caracal caracal in Uzbekistan, particularly in the Kyzylkum Desert and the Ustyurt Plateau. The data collected between 2011 and 2017 were based on information from literary sources, field research, and interviews with local people. At least 11 individuals of the species were killed intentionally and one was run over by a car. Basic threats to the species in Uzbekistan are negative interactions between herders and Caracal, lack of knowledge about its protected status among local people, and lack of conservation measures. The preconditions for the protection of Caracal are the existence of remote unpopulated areas close to state borders between adjacent countries and socio-economic factors that prompt people to move from rural to urban areas. Caracal habitats are protected in Kyzylkum State Reserve, Saigachiy Landscape Sanctuary, and six wildlife sanctuaries. To conserve Caracal, it is necessary to strengthen the network of protected areas in deserts and raise the awareness of local communities and decision-makers in the national government. It is important to continue research on Caracal and develop a government-approved action plan for its conservation.
Foreword to the small wild cats special issue
Authors: Appel Angie , Mukherjee Shomita 
Published: March 2019

Small wild cats are fascinating but elusive. Biologists are only beginning to fathom their vital ecological roles in maintaining and preserving biodiversity. Yet, surveys and conservation efforts targeting them are still underfunded. Most of them live in the long shadow cast by the more widely known Panthera cats that attract the lion’s share of international funding. Much of what we know about small wild cats is a result of by-catch data from camera trap surveys targeted at larger mammals. There is still a dearth of people with passion for and expertise in research and conservation of small wild cats. With this issue, we hope to raise your awareness for their conservation needs and inspire you to join us in unravelling their mysteries.
Long‐term Swallowing Function, Pulmonary Complications, and Quality of Life after Supracricoid Laryngectomy
Authors: Di Santo Davide , Bondi Stefano , Giordano Leone , Galli Andrea , Tulli Michele , Ramella Barbara , Bussi Mario 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesLong‐term effects of supracricoid laryngectomies are nowadays under discussion. The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of chronic aspiration and incidence of pulmonary complications, to investigate possible influencing factors, and to analyze dysphagia‐related quality of life in a cohort of patients who recovered swallowing function after undergoing supracricoid laryngectomies.Study DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingSan Raffaele Hospital, Vita‐Salute University, Milan, Italy.MethodsA cohort of 39 patients who recovered swallowing function free of disease after a minimum 3‐year follow‐up period was retrospectively investigated between October and December 2017—clinically with the Pearson’s Scale and M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and instrumentally with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing.ResultsChronic aspiration was demonstrated in a significant portion of patients (clinically in 33.3% and instrumentally in 35.9%). Aspiration was influenced by advanced age at surgery (P =. 020). Type of surgical procedure, resection of 1 arytenoid cartilage, postoperative rehabilitation with a speech‐language therapist, radiotherapy, age at consultation, and length of follow‐up did not influence the prevalence of aspiration. Pulmonary complications affected 5 patients; incidence of pulmonary complications was related to aspiration and was favored by poor laryngeal sensation/cough reflex. Aspiration significantly affected quality of life.ConclusionsChronic aspiration is frequent and affects patients’ quality of life. However, incidence of pulmonary complications is low; therefore, oral feeding should not be contraindicated for aspirating patients. Preservation of laryngeal sensation and cough reflex is mandatory to prevent pulmonary complications.
Recent Trends in Vestibular Schwannoma Management: An 11‐Year Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Torres Maldonado Solymar , Naples James G. , Fathy Ramie , Eliades Steven J. , Lee John Y. K. , Brant Jason A. , Ruckenstein Michael J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveA better understanding of the natural history of vestibular schwannoma (VS) has resulted in a change in treatment paradigms. It has also been proposed that increased use of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging has allowed for an increased identification of small tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate recent trends in the presentation and primary management of VS in the United States.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB).SettingNCDB database.Subjects and MethodsAll patients with a diagnosis of VS between 2004 and 2014 were included. Data were analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 28,190 patients (mean age 55 years, 52.9% female) with VS were analyzed. Linear regression showed a small decrease in average tumor size over time (–0.06 mm/year, P =. 03). Overall, 11,121 patients (40%) received surgery, 8512 (30%) radiation, and 7686 (27%) observation. Controlling for patient, tumor, and treatment center factors, the odds ratio (OR) for receiving surgery in 2014 was 0.60 (confidence interval [CI], 0.50‐0.71) while the OR for receiving radiation was 0.75 (CI, 0.64‐0.87) as compared to those diagnosed in 2004. The largest increases in observation rates occurred among tumors ≤2 cm (P <. 001).ConclusionThere was not a clinically significant change in the average tumor size at diagnosis. Although surgery remained the most common treatment modality in the United States, there was a strong shift in the management of VS away from primary surgery and radiation and toward a “wait‐and‐scan” approach.
Research data management in practice: Results from a cross-sectional survey of health and medical researchers from an academic institution in Australia
Authors: Krahe Michelle A , Toohey Julie , Wolski Malcolm , Scuffham Paul A , Reilly Sheena 
Published: March 2019

Background: Building or acquiring research data management (RDM) capacity is a major challenge for health and medical researchers and academic institutes alike. Considering that RDM practices influence the integrity and longevity of data, targeting RDM services and support in recognition of needs is especially valuable in health and medical research. Objective: This project sought to examine the current RDM practices of health and medical researchers from an academic institution in Australia. Method: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect information from a convenience sample of 81 members of a research institute (68 academic staff and 13 postgraduate students). A survey was constructed to assess selected data management tasks associated with the earlier stages of the research data life cycle. Results: Our study indicates that RDM tasks associated with creating, processing and analysis of data vary greatly among researchers and are likely influenced by their level of research experience and RDM practices within their immediate teams. Conclusion: Evaluating the data management practices of health and medical researchers, contextualised by tasks associated with the research data life cycle, is an effective way of shaping RDM services and support in this group. Implications: This study recognises that institutional strategies targeted at tasks associated with the creation, processing and analysis of data will strengthen researcher capacity, instil good research practice and, over time, improve health informatics and research data quality.
Additional effects of psychological interventions on subjective and objective outcomes compared with exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation alone in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Albus Christian , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Jensen Katrin , Hackbusch Matthes , Münch Nina , Kuncewicz Catharina , Grilli Maurizio , Schwaab Bernhard , Rauch Bernhard ,   for the German Society of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (DGPR)
Published: March 2019

Background Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ebCR) often includes various psychological interventions for lifestyle change or distress management. However, the additional benefit of specific psychological interventions on depression, anxiety, quality of life, cardiac morbidity and cardiovascular or total mortality is not well investigated. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Randomized controlled trials and controlled cohort trials published between January 1995 and October 2017 comparing ebCR with or without pre-specified psychosocial interventions were selected and evaluated on the basis of predefined inclusion and outcome criteria. Results Out of 15,373 records, 20 studies were identified, including 4450 patients with coronary artery disease (88.5%) or congestive heart failure (11.5%), respectively. Studies were of low to moderate quality and methodological heterogeneity was high. As compared with ebCR alone, additional psychological interventions for lifestyle change or distress management showed a trend to reduce depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference –0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.30; 0.05). Furthermore, during a follow-up of five years, distress management was associated with a trend to reduce cardiac morbidity (risk ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.51; 1.07). There was no evidence for an additional impact of either psychological lifestyle change interventions or distress management on anxiety, quality of life, cardiovascular or total mortality. Conclusions Specific psychological interventions offered during ebCR may contribute to a reduction of depressive symptoms and cardiac morbidity, but there remains considerable uncertainty under which conditions these interventions exert their optimal effects. (CRD42015025920).
Treadmill exercise prevents reduction of bone mineral density after myocardial infarction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: Kanazawa Masanori , Matsumoto Yasuharu , Takahashi Kikuyo , Suzuki Hideaki , Uzuka Hironori , Nishimiya Kensuke , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: March 2019

Aims Recent clinical studies demonstrated the association between myocardial infarction (MI) and osteoporotic fractures. We examined whether MI causes bone loss and the effects of exercise training on bone in mice after MI. Methods We created a MI model in 16-week-old male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice ( n = 42), which were randomly assigned to exercise group (MI-Ex) and sedentary group (MI-Sed). We also performed sham operations in other mice ( n = 10). Treadmill exercise training was performed from one week after operation to eight weeks. At eight weeks, the bone parameters of the femur were measured by quantitative computed tomography, followed by histological analysis ( n = 10–17). Results Bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur was significantly decreased in the MI-Sed group as compared with the sham group ( P < 0.001), whereas the BMD was significantly increased in the MI-Ex group as compared with the MI-Sed group ( P < 0.05). In histological analysis, Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphate positive (bone resorptive) area in distal femur were significantly increased in the MI-Sed group as compared with the sham group ( P < 0.05), whereas those parameters were significantly decreased in the MI-Ex group as compared with the MI-Sed group ( P < 0.05). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive (bone-forming) area was significantly decreased in the MI-Sed group as compared with the sham group ( P < 0.05), whereas ALP-positive area was significantly increased in the MI-Ex group as compared with the MI-Sed group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that MI reduces BMD and treadmill exercise training prevents the reduction of BMD in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
The metabolomic signatures of alcohol consumption in young adults
Authors: Du Duc , Bruno Raimondo , Blizzard Leigh , Venn Alison , Dwyer Terence , Smith Kylie J , Magnussen Costan G , Gall Seana 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMetabolomic analysis may help us to understand the association between alcohol consumption and cardio-metabolic health. We aimed to: (i) replicate a previous study of alcohol consumption and metabolic profiles, (ii) examine associations between types of alcoholic beverages and metabolites and (iii) include potential confounders not examined in previous studies.MethodsCross-sectional data of 1785 participants (age 26–36 years, 52% women) from the 2004–2006 Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study were used. Consumption of beer, wine and spirits was assessed by questionnaires. Metabolites were measured by a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance platform and multivariable linear regression examined their association with alcohol consumption (combined total and types) adjusted for covariates including socio-demographics, health behaviours and mental health.ResultsAlcohol consumption was associated with 23 out of 37 lipids, 12 out of 16 fatty acids and six out of 20 low-molecular-weight metabolites independent of confounders with similar associations for combined total alcohol consumption and different types of alcohol. Many metabolites (lipoprotein lipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1, phosphotriglycerides, total fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids) had positive linear associations with alcohol consumption but some showed negative linear (low-density lipoprotein particle size, omega-6 fatty acids ratio to total fatty acids, citrate) or U-shaped (lipoprotein lipids in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subclasses, VLDL triglycerides) associations.ConclusionsOur results were similar to those of the only previous study. Associations with metabolites were similar for total and types of alcohol. Alcohol consumption in young adults is related to a diverse range of metabolomic signatures associated with benefits and harms to health.