bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Holistic Approach in Managing Road Transport Safety in Garraf, Iraq
Authors: Hamid Azrul Abd , Badzri Shairizal , Clare Vanessa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper describes the approach and intervention measures adopted to manage land transport safety, a "Top Risk" identified at Garraf operations with exposure of 309,000 kilometers driven per month in which PETRONAS Carigali Iraq B.V. (PCIHBV) operates. This land transportation management system aim to prevent recurrence of incidents related to road safety, ultimately improving HSE Performance.
A structured approach in managing land transport safety based on five (5) key elements, namely 1) HSE Management System, 2) Driver Management, 3) Vehicle Management, 4) Journey Management and 5) Emergency Management, has enabled Garraf Operations to successfully reduce number of road transport incidents by more than 50% over the past 5 years, with zero fatal accidents since 2015.
Through the establishment of the Land Transport Safety Workgroup, a site specific Road Transportation Safety Procedure which was based on risk assessments, root cause analysis and industry best practices was developed. This procedure which defines the minimum road safety requirements also enabled fortification of contract requirements, i.e. implementation of in-vehicle monitoring system (IVMS) for all vehicles used for Intercity and Infield mission at Garraf operations covering both armoured and non-armoured. As a result, effective tracking as well as monitoring of driver behavior and vehicle management to provide feedback on improvements was also achieved.
Additionally, robust series of training and assessments related to road safety has also been provided to appointed drivers and identified employees to enhance driving skills, whilst inculcating safe driving habits.
The abovementioned holistic and self –regulated approach may be adopted and/or referenced when operating in similar work environments, predominantly where insufficient enforcement of road legislation and inadequate awareness on road safety is experienced.
ERA Acute-Implementation of a New Method for Environmental Risk Assessment of Acute Offshore Oil Spills
Authors: Libre Jean-Marie , Collin-Hansen Christian , Kjeilen-Eilertsen Grethe , Rogstad Tonje Waterloo , Stephansen Cathrine , Brude Odd Willy , Bjorgesaeter Anders , Brönner Ute 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Energy companies, like Statoil and TOTAL conduct Environmental Risk assessments (ERAs) as part of their risk management processes to ensure acceptable environmental risk for all operations. In some parts of the world, ERAs are required by regulators to assess risk and as a basis for evaluating risk reducing measures. A standardized ERA Acute method has been developed, providing quantitative assessment of environmental impact and risk of acute oil spills covering four environmental compartments: sea surface, shoreline, water column and seafloor. The method usesoil drift simulations and Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) data as input. Based on a selection of relevant oil spill incidents, impact and recovery timesare calculated for VECs in all compartmentsusingcontinuous functions. Several endpoints are provided including the "Resource Damage Factor" (RDF) combining the extent of an impact with recovery time, the risk matrix, and a risk comparison tool, e.g. for quantifying effects of risk reducing measures. The methodology has been benchmarked and compared to the current industry standard ERA used on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), the MIRA method (NOROG, 2007). The ERA Acute method has also been compared with data from the real spill incidents: Deepwater Horizon (Gulf of Mexico, 2010) and Exxon Valdez (Alaska, 1989). Estimated impact and recovery time of incidents, e.g. from post-spill monitoring of environmental impact and reconstructed oil exposure data from satellite have been compared to ERA acute calculations and oil spill simulations. Acknowledging that validation of the model is challenging, the results support the new impact algorithms, and are within the range of expected uncertainties related to field observations. The continuous risk functions better discriminate the effect of small spills and of mitigation measures compared toMIRA methodology, and details of the exposure mechanisms such as exposure time and specific behavior of surface species are also included. The validity and applicability of the new ERA Acute methodology are presented in the paper, including the benefits the industry obtains from a standardized methodology providing reliable environmental risk estimations.
Southern Area Oil Operations Continuing Journey of Sustainability
Authors: El-Ayoubi Ensan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Saudi Aramco's Southern Area Oil Operations (SAOO) organization is one of the company's critical areas of operations. It contains some of the largest oil production and processing facilities in the world. SAOO has embarked some time ago on its journey of sustainability by setting an ambitious plan to reduce consumption of resources and minimize impact on the environment, all while sustaining capability and readiness to meet current and future demands. This paper sheds light on SAOO's continuing journey of sustainability and discusses implemented and planned activities that make sure the journey continues.
Industry Safety Data, What is it Telling Us?
Authors: Walker K. , Hawkes C. , Poore W. , Carvalho M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) is a global forum in which member companies identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in areas such as health, safety, the environment, security, social responsibility and operations. IOGP members encompass oil and gas companies, industry associations as well as major upstream service companies; collectively members produce 40% of the world's oil and gas.
The IOGP member companies voluntarily report their annual safety data, which is used to compile an annual safety performance indicators report. IOGP work groups have focused attention on using the safety performance indicator data to identify industry-wide learning to enable an industry vision of no fatalities.
This paper describes the trends and learnings from the data received. Having this large database of information and standardized reporting of fatality data by activity, category, Life Saving Rule and causal factors allows trending and analysis on a scale which is not possible for any individual member company. The paper provides an update on the upstream industry safety performance from the last seven years of data collected. A review is also provided of specific data sets which provide increased granularity in process and transportation safety for identifying trends and learning.
The paper also discusses how the IOGP have used the available upstream safety data to validate and refresh the industry Life Saving Rules. The IOGP Safety performance indicator data set is the largest database of its kind in the upstream oil and gas industry, allowing the ability to analyze trends and learning from fatal incidents on an industry-wide basis.
Integrity of Non-Piggable Oil and Gas Flowlines Contributing Factors and Proposed Mitigation Methods
Authors: Al Janahi M. I. , Elkhatib A. H. , Al Mazrouei T. , Al Menhali S. , Al Katheiri G. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Integrity management of Non-Piggable Gas and Oil Flowlines is a challenge. In this paper, Contributing Factors affecting Flowlines integrity and life cycle cost effective Mitigation Methods are discussed.
Gas Flowlines were designed without pigging facilities and handle wet natural gas. Several leaks were reported due to internal and external corrosion. Hence, it was essential to assure integrity of those lines.
One Flowline was piloted for conventional MFL intelligent pigging driven by nitrogen. Portable launcher and receiver facilities were installed avoiding elbows which exist only at both ends of the Flowline.
Intelligent pigging revealed few integrity threats anomalies along the trial Flowline, replacement of defective sections were completed.
The project completed successfully for implementing pigging of non-Piggable gas Flowlines for condition assessment and proactive repairs actions, which increase confidence in plant condition and assure health and safety.
Number of leaks in oil Flowlines is increasing in recent years mainly due to internal corrosion, Several corrosion mitigation options are considered in this paper including Solar Chemical injection, HDPE internal lining, Non-metallic line (RTP) oil Flowlines.
HDPE internal lining is proposed for corrosion mitigation of oil Flowlines with welded coupling and one-way valve in the liner
Cohabitation and Co-Operation Between Oil Activities and Environmental Sensitive Areas in Mender Field
Authors: AlBeshr Khalid , Al Hammadi Saud , Reddy Vijaya Bhaskar , Alkarbi Saleh Abdulla , Dass Kishan , Ameri Shaikha Al 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) proposes to develop a Greenfield oil development project in empty quarters along the international borders. The concession area overlaps within Arabian Oryx designated protected and have potential to cause damage to the local bio-diversity. Company conducted extensive environmental studies in advance to assess the impacts and implemented sound engineering practices and ecological conservation mitigation measures to reduce the bio-diversity risk to acceptable level.
The paper presents engineering and conservation activities undertaken in Greenfield oil development project that lies within environmentally sensitive area.
Improving HSE Culture and Leadership - How KNPC is Pursuing HSE Excellence
Authors: Arendt Steve , Alsaleh N. , Suarez O. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
If a company wants to sustain continuous improvement in process safety and HSE, or to reach for Operational Excellence, it must address improvement of culture throughout the organization from CEO to field operations/maintenance. This paper compares the strengths and weaknesses of safety culture frameworks. The Center for Chemical Process Safety made process safety culture an official process safety management element when it published its Risk Based Process Safety Guidelines. Embedded in that element chapter were the key work practices to establish a management system to nurture process safety culture and 12 essential features of a good culture. Over the past ten years, other organizations in several industries have proposed various frameworks to understand and assess safety culture. During that same period, ABS Group has performed over 40 culture evaluations of companies involving hundreds of facilities, tens of thousands of employees and contractors, across all global regions and ethnic cultures.
These evaluations have determined safety culture weaknesses and linked them as causal factors to actual company safety performance. These weaknesses represent the current "disease states" for these companies. In several cases, we were able to determine the historical disease pathways in which condition that influence culture were allowed to degrade over time. Moreover, we have seen how companies have adopted practical measures to prevent, mitigate, and recover from safety culture disease.
This paper will summarize practical means that senior executives, plant managers, engineers, and operating and maintenance staff can adopt to avoid safety culture disease. We will summarize the lessons from a number of case study evaluations, characterize common culture degradation patterns among these different companies and provide suggestions for vaccinating companies against future process safety culture disease. Our Kuwait National Petroleum Company co-author will describe the progress that KNPC is making to develop its HSE/process safety culture.
Tracking Corporate Stewardship of Environmental Services-Opportunities of Big Data Applications and Long Term Value
Authors: Wright Nigel H 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The value of global environmental services may change by 30-50$billon depending upon global strategies of growth, and the degree of stewardship versus naked market forces. While corporations and governments claim holistic care and responsibility for environment in their publications, how is this accounted for and assured across assets portfolios? In the age of transparency, stock market analysts and the financial industry are seeking non-financial metrics as indicators for sustainable business profitability.
Maintenance and improvement of ecosystem functioning is fundamental to the sustainability of eco resources and value increase, while progressive deterioration (due to pollution erosion, loss and fragmentation) will devalue assets. The advent of "big data" in this global digital age opens up powerful new opportunities to investigate remotely the health status of environmental resources processes, over wide geographic areas. By smart integration of technologies and systematic "ground truthing" in critical areas, GIS linked data bases provide a powerful platform to evaluate the status of Eco services and the economic and wider value of eco services. A critique of the cutting edge techniques and future applications will be presented together with opportunities to share and unlock development barriers. The development of such tools provide a penetrating insight into the stewardship of land, coastal and marine resources and "live" metrics of changing values.
Transparency demands around the globe will lead to government to holds companies accountable for stewardship of national assets. Both the public and private sectors will be increasingly required to maintain proper records of the value of environmental assets, and rectify losses or deteriorations.
Cutting edge insights into key sectors (finance, insurance, energy, shipping) will highlight how such data could be applied to benchmarking, assessing risks of future activities and the distillation of the financial exposure from legacy assets and pollution events. Ultimately, when owners finally decide to divest or undertake mergers and acquisitions past stewardship will feature in environmental due diligence, the bottom line and global reputation.
Today, multinational companies (from a wide spectrum of industries) play a significant role in shaping the environmental guardianship of the planet's resources. Scientifically sound corporate reporting including the eco services balance sheet (with defined debt and profit) need to be standardised, in order to be truly valuable in responsible decision making. Furthermore, our understanding of ecological capacity, robustness and the criticality of thresholds (which may cause irreversible change) need to be expanded.
Practical Application of Free Prior Informed Consent
Authors: Grobler Jan Harm 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Large development projects in certain parts of the world can positively or adversly affect Indigenous Peoples who hold specific rights for the protection of their cultures, traditional ways of life and special connections to lands and waters. Without proper engagement and cultural considerations, Indigenous Peoples may be alienated and marginalized from decision making resulting in fractured and difficult relations or a lost social license to operate. These vulnerabilities have given rise to the concept of Free Prior Informed Consent (‘FPIC'), which is premised upon a pre-requisite to engage in dialogue with local Indigenous communities and come to a joint agreement on the way forward in project implementation.
Shell developed its FPIC position statement in 2016 which was made public April 2017 through the Shell Sustainability Report. Years before developing its position statement, Shell had already established various internal requirements for projects and assets to manage any potential impacts on Indigenous Peoples. However, in developing its public position statement, Shell saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the foundation for the practical implementation of FPIC. Shell's journey towards the adoption of FPIC provides useful insights for organisations interested in establishing policies aimed at Indigenous Peoples while taking into account the realities of practical, on-the-ground implementation.
This paper focuses on the drivers for making the public statement; the process undertaken to develop it; the drivers for linking it to the International Finance Corporation's Performance Standards; and a summary of tools within Shell that help with the practical implementation of FPIC, notably the ‘Community Feedback Mechanism’; the Impact Assessment Process; and Agreement Making.
Land Access and Resettlement: Working with Government and Oil & Gas Partners to Develop a Common Framework for Land Access
Authors: Pollard Magali , Muyobo Marion 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In order to standardize the approach to long-term land acquisition and resettlement in the project areas, the three Joint Venture Partners of a petroleum field to be developed in Uganda in collaboration with the local authorities have formulated a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARF).
This LARF document proposes a voluntary and consistent approach that is compliant with national legislation, international standards and in particular the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) Performance Standards 5 on Involuntary Resettlement and Land Acquisition, and best practices to further safeguard against social risks.
The process began in May 2014 and the document consolidation was facilitated by establishing the first interministerial Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC). Following the endorsement of the LARF in December 2016, the RAC is actively monitoring and advising the partners on the development of projects. For each project component, local resettlement committees are set-up at district and village level in order to build capacity and enhance a participative approach at all levels.
The main outcome was a common goal which is "To secure long term access to land to enable the project to be developed and operated, while addressing displacement impacts and enhancing development impacts by improving the livelihoods and standard of living of Project Affected Persons". This LARF document looks at the twelve key principles which are; 1) Displacement to be avoided and minimised where possible, 2) Resettlement to be integrated into overall project planning, 3) Compliance with laws, standards and policies (corporate, national and international), 4) Active and informed stakeholder participation, 5) Cultural appropriateness to be applied, 6) Publicly disclosed cut-off date to be used, 7) Compensation to be based on full replacement cost, 8) Comprehensive resettlement assistance package to be applied, 9) Informal land rights to be recognized, 10) Vulnerable people to be provided with targeted assistance, 11) Grievance mechanism to be established, and 12) An appropriate monitoring and evaluation to be undertaken.
The development of the LARF was a stepping stone for the Government of Uganda when drafting in 2017 the first National Land Acquisition Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy. The participative approach in the development of a common framework is of interest to all who have to deal with various stakeholders including Government to ease and standardize ways of working on sensitive issues while remaining within the remits of the Legislative framework. In addition this process can also be applied in other countries because of the foundation of its purpose and will be useful for the petroleum sector to extractives sector and beyond.
Mission to End Emission: Flare Minimisation and Energy Conservation by Process Optimisation in NGL Fractionation Facility
Authors: Shathar Sevideen Abdul , Bakthavachsalam Venugopal , Ramakrishnan Bala Murugan , Singh Anand 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper highlights the various process optimisation initiatives carried out in ADNOC Gas Processing Natural Gas Liquids fractionation facility to minimise Flaring and conserve Energy thereby reducing the emissions to the Environment. Capabilities of existing assets were exploited or optimally utilized to achieve superior Energy and flaring performance with significant reduction in Greenhouse gas emissions.
Below are the list of various optimization initiatives that were completed. Flare Minimization Initiatives Optimization of Molecular sieve units. Optimization of cover gas in Acid Gas Flare. Optimization of purge gas in High Pressure Flare. Swapping of purge media from fuel gas to Nitrogen in Low Pressure Flare.Energy optimization initiatives Maximization of Train throughput with Single refrigeration compressor. Optimization of power in Boil off Gas recovery systems. Optimization of steam in ADIP solvent Regeneration systems. Optimization of power in LPG Feed Systems.
Post implementation of these initiatives, flaring was reduced by 28% and Energy savings realised was upto 6%. These initiatives were pursued and accomplished by in-house team with zero capital reducing CO2 emissions by 131,000 tons/annum with an impressive cost savings of $8.3 million per annum. The benefits are sustainable throughout the life cycle of the project.
This paper presents the best practices adopted for maximum or optimum utilization of the capabilities of existing assets considering the current and design scenarios to achieve superior flaring and Energy performance with outstanding emission reductions. All these were achieved totally by the efforts of inhouse team boosting the morale and enhancing the mindset of staff to look beyond good practices. These initiatives have high potential for transferability across oil and gas industry.
From Net Environmental Benefit Analysis to Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment SIMA
Authors: Taylor Peter M. , Cramer Martin A. , Cox Robert T.E. , Santner Richard 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A key objective for any oil spill response effort is to minimize the impacts to ecological, socio-economic and cultural resources at risk. To that end, the contingency planners and incident managers have traditionally utilized a formal or informal Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) for selecting the most appropriate response option(s) to minimize spill impacts and promote recovery. The processes used to conduct a NEBA have varied considerably between industry operators, though the outcomes in terms of response strategy development have been similar. This variation in NEBA approaches can lead to challenges with communicating the underlying basis of response strategies to stakeholders. The oil industry published updated guidance in 2015 to explain the general principles of the NEBA process and facilitate stakeholder involvement. However, with industry's increasing reliance on NEBA to enhance the transparency of response strategy development, a consistent methodology for conducting formal NEBAs was required. In response to the above issue key industry associations collaborated on developing a qualitative NEBA methodology that was renamed Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA). This methodology is designed to give a consistent approach to larger or higher consequence oil spill scenarios, where multiple spill response options are being considered and a formal SIMA/NEBA is warranted. Several industry spill response specialists and an independent expert participated in this project, resulting in the development of ‘Guidance on Implementing Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment’. The SIMA methodology is described, representing a tool that identifies the response option(s) that will best mitigate the overall impacts of an oil spill.