bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUBSTITUTION BETWEEN CLEAN AND DIRTY ENERGY WITH BIASED TECHNICAL CHANGE
Authors: Jo Ara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe elasticity of substitution between clean and dirty energy lies at the center of leading economic analyses of climate policy. Despite the importance, empirical assessments of this key parameter remain scarce. This article estimates the clean‐dirty elasticity of substitution using data on French manufacturing firms. Using the elasticity estimates, I then measure the bias in technical change at the firm level and find that technical change was largely biased toward dirty energy, despite a recent shift toward clean technologies. Finally, I recover the aggregate elasticity that combines substitution within firms and reallocation across firms from the micro elasticity estimates.
Comparison of microneedling and CO2 laser with adipose‐derived stem cells for facial rejuvenation: a randomized split‐face study
Authors: delaO‐Escamilla Alejandra , Valdez‐Zertuche Jair A. , Lara‐Arias Jorge , Noyola‐Pérez Andrés , Villarreal‐Martínez Alejandra , Chávez‐Álvarez Sonia , Cuéllar‐Barboza Adrián , Franco‐Márquez Rodolfo , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Vázquez‐Martínez Osvaldo T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFacial aging, characterized by structural decline and loss of collagen and elastin, has led to increased demand for rejuvenation treatments. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising option, but comparative studies on their application methods are limited.ObjectiveOur aim was to compare the efficacy of ADSC combined with microneedling or CO2 laser for facial rejuvenation.MethodsTwenty‐seven participants were randomized into two groups: Microneedling (MN, n = 14) or CO2 laser (n = 13). Each group underwent three treatment sessions at 4‐week intervals. The ADSC solution was applied to one side and the placebo to the other using a split‐face design. We performed objective evaluations (UV spots, brown spots, wrinkles, texture, pores, red areas, and porphyrins) and subjective assessments, including clinical photographs, patient satisfaction scales, and histological analysis of skin biopsies.ResultsThe CO2 laser with the ADSC group showed significantly more significant improvements in UV spots (P = 0.002) and wrinkles (P = 0.002) compared to the MN with the ADSC group. Histological analysis revealed superior elastin fibers and epidermal thickness improvements with CO2 laser treatment. Patient satisfaction was higher in the CO2 laser group, with 84.6% reporting complete satisfaction compared to 50% in the MN group.ConclusionsThe combination of CO2 laser with ADSCs demonstrated superior efficacy for facial rejuvenation compared to MN with ADSCs. This approach improved UV spots, wrinkles, skin structure, and overall patient satisfaction. Further studies with larger cohorts and extended follow‐up are needed to confirm long‐term efficacy.
GC–MS‐based metabonomic analysis of silkworm haemolymph reveals four‐stage metabolic responses to nucleopolyhedrovirus infection
Authors: Su Zhenyue , Li Yi , Lin Zihan , Huang Qing , Fan Xinyu , Dong Zhaoming , Xia Qingyou , Zhao Ping , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSilkworm, Bombyx mori, an economically significant insect, plays a crucial role in silk production. However, silkworm breeding is highly susceptible to various pathogens, particularly the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), which poses a serious threat. Recent metabonomic studies have provided insights into the metabolic changes associated with BmNPV infection. BmNPV infection has obvious temporal characteristics. However, few studies have investigated the silkworms infected in different periods. This study employed gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to perform a comprehensive analysis of haemolymph metabolites in silkworms at 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post‐infection (h.p.i.). Through the integration of time‐course analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, the study revealed distinct four‐stage metabolic characteristics in the silkworm's response to BmNPV infection. At Stage 1 (48 h.p.i.), silkworms activate antioxidant defence mechanisms, with significant enrichment in metabolic pathways involving key antioxidants such as glutathione, to mitigate oxidative stress induced by viral invasion. By Stage 2 (72 h.p.i.), pathways related to amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis become active, indicating an increase in protein synthesis. In Stage 3 (96 h.p.i.), energy metabolism and substance transport pathways are significantly upregulated to support the rapid viral replication and the enhanced locomotor behaviour of silkworm. Finally, at Stage 4 (120 h.p.i.), there is a further enhancement of pathways related to energy metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, and substance transport, which align with peak viral assembly and release. These findings contribute to an in‐depth understanding of the biochemical basis of silkworm resistance to NPV.
Plexin‐B2 Mediates Orthodontic Tension‐Induced Osteogenesis via the RhoA/F‐Actin/YAP Pathway
Authors: Li Qiming , Chen Xinyi , Li Xinyi , Jiang Xiaoge , Li Xingjian , Men Xinrui , Li Yan , Chen Song 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aims to investigate the role of Plexin‐B2 in tension‐induced osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and its biomechanical mechanism.MethodsIn vitro, cyclic tension simulated orthodontic forces to assess Plexin‐B2 expression in PDLSCs. We then knocked out Plexin‐B2 using lentivirus to explore its role in tension‐induced osteogenesis. In vivo, we used nickel‐titanium springs to establish orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) models in mice. Local periodontal Plexin‐B2 expression was knocked down using adeno‐associated viruses (AAVs) to study its influence on new bone formation under mechanical tension in OTM models. Molecular mechanisms were elucidated by manipulating Plexin‐B2 and RhoA expression, assessing related proteins, and observing F‐actin and Yes‐associated protein (YAP) through immunofluorescence.ResultsPlexin‐B2 expression in PDLSCs increased under cyclic tension. Decrease of Plexin‐B2 reduced the expression of osteogenic protein in PDLSCs and negatively affected new bone formation during OTM. RhoA expression and phosphorylation of ROCK2/LIMK2/Cofilin decreased in Plexin‐B2 knockout PDLSCs but were reversed by RhoA overexpression. The level of F‐actin decreased in Plexin‐B2 knockout PDLSCs but increased after RhoA rescue. Nuclear YAP was reduced in Plexin‐B2 knockout PDLSCs but increased after RhoA overexpression.ConclusionsPlexin‐B2 is involved in tension‐induced osteogenesis. Mechanistically, the RhoA signaling pathway, the F‐actin arrangement, and the nuclear translocation of YAP are involved in the mechanotransduction of Plexin‐B2.
Clinico‐Pathological Spectrum of Hepatitis A Virus‐Induced Autoimmune‐Like Hepatitis in Children
Authors: Das Samannay , Sood Vikrant , Rastogi Archana , Agarwal Neha , Kaul Sanjeevani , Yadav Deepika , Lal Bikrant Bihari , Khanna Rajeev , Alam Seema 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThere is limited evidence that hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can trigger hepatic autoimmunity, but this area remains largely unexplored. This study was thus planned with the aim to compare HAV‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis (HAV‐ALH) with HAV‐related liver dysfunction (HAV‐acute viral hepatitis or HAV‐AVH) and classical autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This was a retrospective review of 46 patients with HAV infection who underwent liver biopsy (including 17 cases of HAV‐ALH: diagnosis based on histopathology), and they were compared to 46 cases of age‐ and gender‐matched classical AIH. Overall, HAV cohort (n = 46) had higher prevalence of pruritus, higher bilirubin levels, higher proportion of cholestasis, lower IgG levels, higher seronegativity and lack of disease recurrence, while the classical AIH group had higher proportion/severity of interface hepatitis, fibrosis, necrosis and pseudorosetting (p < 0.05). In comparison to the classical HAV‐AVH group, HAV‐ALH group had higher AST levels, higher presence of autoantibodies, and higher prevalence of severe zone 3 perivenulitis and marked pseudorosetting on histology (p < 0.05). Also, HAV‐ALH group, in comparison to the AIH group, had more pruritus (OR 7.29, p < 0.004) and more seronegativity (41% vs. 13%, p < 0.031), while duration of illness (p < 0.003), IgG (p < 0.001) levels and liver stiffness measurement (p < 0.006) were significantly higher in AIH group (versus the HAV‐ALH and HAV‐AVH groups). Histologically, in comparison to AIH, HAV‐ALH group had significantly less interface hepatitis (OR 0.03, p < 0.001) and fibrosis (OR 0.08, p < 0.001) and significantly more cholestasis (OR 4.5, p < 0.021). HAV infection can act as a potential trigger for immune‐mediated hepatic damage, akin to drug‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis. Larger multicentric studies are needed to further explore this aspect.
Diabetic gastroenteropathy: Associations between gastrointestinal symptoms, motility, and extraintestinal autonomic measures
Authors: Kornum Ditte S. , Brock Christina , Okdahl Tina , Bertoli Davide , Kufaishi Huda , Wegeberg Anne‐Marie , Høyer Katrine L. , Mark Esben B. , Brock Birgitte , Hansen Christian S. , Knop Filip K. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Krogh Klaus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic gastroenteropathy can cause significant diagnostic challenges. Still, it remains unknown if measures of extraintestinal autonomic function reflect diabetic gastroenteropathy. We aimed to assess the associations between (1) gastrointestinal symptoms and motility measures and (2) gastrointestinal symptoms/motility measures and extraintestinal autonomic markers.MethodsWe included 81 persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (65% female, mean age 54) with gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic neuropathy. The Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) assessed gastrointestinal symptoms. The wireless motility capsule (Smartpill™) assessed panenteric transit times and motility indices. Cardiovascular reflex tests (VAGUS™) and cardiac vagal tone (eMotion Faros) estimated cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, while the SUDOSCAN™ evaluated sudomotor function.Key ResultsProximal gastrointestinal symptoms were positively associated with the gastric motility index (GCSI: 1.18 (1.04–1.35), p = 0.01; GSRS: 1.15 (1.03–1.29), p = 0.02; median ratio (95% CI)), while only satiety correlated with gastric emptying time (1.24 (1.03–1.49), p = 0.02). Diarrhea was associated with decreased small bowel transit time (0.93 (0.89–0.98), p = 0.005), while constipation were associated with prolonged colonic transit time (1.16 (1.03–1.31), p = 0.02). Gastrointestinal symptoms increased with the degree of abnormal cardiovascular reflex tests (GCSI: 0.67 (0.16–1.19), p = 0.03; GSRS: 0.87 (0.30–1.45), p = 0.01; mean difference (95% CI)) but not with motility measures. Cardiac vagal tone and sudomotor function were not associated with gastrointestinal markers.Conclusions & InferencesGastrointestinal and extraintestinal autonomic measures were not associated. However, proximal gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with the gastric motility index and cardiovascular reflex tests. Hence, the latter may contribute to evaluating whether proximal gastrointestinal symptoms are autonomically derived.
Being of one mind: Does alignment in physiological responses and subjective experiences shape political ideology?
Authors: Arceneaux Kevin , Bakker Bert N. , Schumacher Gijs 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA prominent theory in political psychology contends that individual differences in negativity bias explain political ideology: people who are more sensitive to negative stimuli find solace and comfort in conservative approaches to politics. Using self‐reported measures of negativity bias, the evidence is relatively consistent. Yet, using physiological indicators of the negativity bias, the results are, across the board, inconsistent with the negativity bias argument. Building on recent neuroscience work, we propose and test two innovations. First, unconscious and conscious processes are not necessarily aligned. Therefore, we propose that there are different – conscious and unconscious – paths that could link ideology with the negativity bias. Second, individuals vary in their ability and motivation to down‐regulate arousal and reflect on their emotions. As such, the ideology‐negativity bias may emerge in some individuals but not in others. In two preregistered laboratory studies (US and the Netherlands), we find limited evidence for these claims. In a subsequent registered report, we replicate some inconsistent patterns that emerged in study 1. We confirm that self‐reported social conservatism and implicit social conservatism (measured with an IAT) are positively correlated. We also establish that negativity bias is unrelated to social conservatism (both explicit and implicit). We conclude that negativity bias is most likely not the answer to why people on the left and right differ.
“Metabolight”: how light spectra shape plant growth, development and metabolism
Authors: Lauria Giulia , Ceccanti Costanza , Lo Piccolo Ermes , El Horri Hafsa , Guidi Lucia , Lawson Tracy , Landi Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInnovations in light technologies (i.e. Light Emitting Diodes; LED) and cover films with specific optical features (e.g. photo‐selective, light‐extracting) have revolutionized crop production in both protected environments and open fields. The possibility to modulate the light spectra, thereby enriching/depleting cultivated plants with targeted wavebands has attracted increasing interest from both basic and applicative research. Indeed, the light environment not only influences plant biomass production but is also a pivotal factor in shaping plant size, development and metabolism. In the last decade, the strict interdependence between specific wavebands and the accumulation of targeted secondary metabolites has been exploited to improve the quality of horticultural products. Innovation in LED lighting has also marked the improvement of streetlamp illumination, thereby posing new questions about the possible influence of light pollution on urban tree metabolism. In this case, it is urgent and challenging to propose new, less‐impacting solutions by modulating streetlamp spectra in order to preserve the ecosystem services provided by urban trees. The present review critically summarizes the main recent findings related to the morpho‐anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes induced by light spectra management via different techniques in crops as well as in non‐cultivated species. This review explores the following topics: (1) plant growth in monochromatic environments, (2) the use of greenhouse light supplementation, (3) the application of covering films with different properties, and (4) the drawbacks of streetlamp illumination on urban trees. Additionally, it proposes new perspectives offered by in planta photomodulation.
Perceptions of homelessness: Is there variation across medical careers and specialties?
Authors: Bronstein David , Dobkin Finn , Luo Qian , Batra Sonal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionMedical students, residents and faculty are all capable of holding biases towards stigmatised groups like people experiencing homelessness. This study sought to investigate how the level of training may influence perceptions of homelessness among medical students, residents and faculty. Additionally, we sought to understand how different specialities perceive people experiencing homelessness and whether this changes at various points in a career.MethodsThe Health Professionals' Attitudes Towards the Homeless Inventory (HPATHI) was administered to medical students, residents and faculty at one institution in the United States. Basic demographics as well as length of time spent in practice were collected in addition to HPATHI responses.ResultsA total of 1,141 individuals were invited to complete the survey, including 736 medical students, 214 residents and 191 faculty. Two hundred and ninety individuals participated in the survey and 238 recorded complete responses were analysed for a sample response rate of 238/1141 (20.9%.) Overall perceptions of homelessness across the entire sample were positive and not greatly influenced by the level of training during a medical career. Medical students across classes were largely in agreement and there was a noticeable increase in positive perceptions for students engaged in clinical rotations. However, clinical specialties demonstrated wide variation in perceptions, with the most prominent differences amongst individuals from surgical subspecialties of General Surgery and Obstetrics & Gynaecology.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the largely favourable attitudes physicians, residents and students have towards people experiencing homelessness with implications for future work to support greater exposure to underserved populations during training. Specialty choice appears to play a larger role in the formation of attitudes towards underserved populations rather than the length of time spent in a particular specialty.
Interexaminer agreement of gonioscopy examinations in dogs using the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Hereditary Eye Diseases grading scheme
Authors: Holz Niklas , Kowalska Malwina Ewa , Pot Simon Anton , Rampazzo Antonella 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveProspective observational study with preregistered study protocol to assess interexaminer agreement using the 2022 European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Hereditary Eye Disease (ECVO‐HED) gonioscopy grading scheme.Animals StudiedSixty client‐owned dogs presented for gonioscopy as part of the required certification process prior to breeding.ProcedureTwo ECVO diplomates with comparable clinical experience performed gonioscopy with a Koeppe gonioscopy lens and slit‐lamp biomicroscope at 10x magnification on all eyes in a randomized fashion.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen of 120 eyes (60 dogs) were included. In 110/118 eyes (93%), both examiners provided the same breeding recommendation (yes/no). This translated into an agreement on the final breeding recommendation in 58/60 dogs (97%). Examiners disagreed on pectinate ligament abnormality (PLA) grading in 19/118 eyes and iridocorneal angle width (ICAW) grading in 9/118 eyes. PLA grading disagreement was mostly observed between neighboring grades. Disagreement between PLA and ICAW grading sometimes occurred within the same eye accounting for an observed disagreement in iridocorneal angle abnormality (ICAA) grading in 19/118 eyes in total. Cohen's kappa was Κ = 0.62 (95% TI 0.34–0.89), whereas maximum kappa was maxΚ = 0.82 (95% TI 0.59–1). Mixed model analysis suggested no significant examiner influence on breeding recommendations (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.02–1.12, p = .09).ConclusionsAlthough examiners disagreed on ICAA grading in 19/118 eyes, this resulted in a different breeding recommendation (yes/no) in eight eyes and in two dogs only. Therefore, the use of the 2022 ECVO‐HED gonioscopy grading scheme seems to result in examiners providing the same breeding recommendations in most cases.
A Novel Connectivity Index for Microstructures Imperfection Detection and Rectification in a Multiscale Structure Design
Authors: Rastegarzadeh Sina , Huang Jida 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Inspired by natural designs, microstructures exhibit remarkable properties, which drive interest in creating metamaterials with extraordinary traits. However, imperfections within microstructures and poor connectivity at the microscale level can significantly impact their performance and reliability. Achieving proper connectivity between microstructural elements and detecting structural imperfections within the microstructures pose challenges in multiscale design optimization. While using a connectivity index (CI) to quantify the topological connectivity between microstructures has been explored previously, prior approaches have limitations in identifying microstructures with complex curved geometries between adjacent units. To alleviate this issue, we present a novel CI in this study. The proposed CI goes beyond conventional methods by focusing on surface interfaces and internal microstructural irregularities. Through numerical investigations, we successfully connected distinct types of microstructures well by integrating the introduced CI with the functional gradation scheme. We also demonstrate that the presented CI can serve as a metric to identify sharp changes or imperfections within microstructures. We evaluate the performance of the introduced index against other connectivity indices using diverse microstructural examples. Experimental findings provide valuable insights into the fundamental aspects of imperfection detection and rectification in microstructures within the multiscale design, paving the way for developing more robust and reliable materials in engineering applications.
Modeling Elastic Cable-Surface Friction for Soft Robots
Authors: Matte Christopher-Denny , Kwok Tsz Ho 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to inherent compliance and non-linear behavior, modelling soft robots is highly complex. While the elasticity of their materials provides the robots with adaptability and resilience, it also causes undesirable effects. Cable-driven soft robots are particularly affected by frictional forces, which can significantly alter their deformed shape. Unfortunately, most existing cable-friction models have been developed for rigid surfaces and do not account for the interactions between elastic cables and surfaces. As a result, research on cable-driven soft robots often neglects friction due to the difficulty of acquiring data and implementing the mathematical models. This paper introduces a novel friction model that considers the asperity behavior of both the cable and the friction surface. We propose a new methodology that accurately replicates friction interaction in soft robots, which requires as few as nine data points. The methodology is assessed on four distinct material interactions, comprising two cables with different diameters and materials, and two 3D-printed surfaces made from PLA and TPU. By accurately estimating the nonuniform distribution of the joint deformation caused by friction, the new friction formulation achieves a 2.8% error in predicting a soft gripper's tip locations, while the current state-of-the-art model shows a 16.1% error. We also demonstrate that, with an accurate friction model, it is possible to optimize the cable routing points to achieve the desired grasping strategy for a soft gripper.
Multiphysics Coupling Analysis of an FCM-Fueled Gas-Cooled Microreactor
Authors: Hu Jipu , Shen Yuyang , Wang Ruixiang , Feng Kuaiyuan , Lou Lei , Guo Hui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The micro high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (mHTGR) is a compact, efficient, and safe nuclear reactor using fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuel. This study focuses on the core design and multi-physics analysis of a 15MWt mHTGR, which uses helium as the coolant, graphite as the moderator and reflector, and control rods for reactivity control. The reactor is designed to operate continuously for 20 years without refueling. A model coupling multiple physics of a typical fuel assembly was developed using OpenMC and ABAQUS software. The model is simplified by dividing it into 3D solid heat transfer with 2D fluid-solid interface conduction and 1D fluid heat transport. Coupled multi-physics simulations are then performed under steady-state and two typical accident conditions. During steady-state operation, the core coolant flow rate is 9.0 kg/s, and the outlet temperature is 904.6 K. The maximum temperature of 1149 K occurs at a distance of 100 cm from the outlet. In transient simulations, the peak fuel temperature reaches 1204 K during a 200 pcm reactivity insertion and remains almost unchanged during a loss of flow accident. The results show that the core exhibited good transient response characteristics and inherent safety.