bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, risk factors and prevention of stoma site incisional hernias: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lambrichts D. P. V. , de Smet G. H. J. , van der Bogt R. D. , Kroese L. F. , Menon A. G. , Jeekel J. , Kleinrensink G‐J. , Lange J. F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimStoma reversal might lead to a stoma site incisional hernia. Recently, prophylactic mesh reinforcement of the stoma site has gained increased attention, supporting the need for accurate data on the incidence of and risk factors for stoma site incisional hernia and to identify high‐risk patients. The aim of this study was to assess incidence, risk factors and prevention of stoma site incisional hernias.MethodEmbase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases were searched. Studies reporting the incidence of stoma site incisional hernia after stoma reversal were included. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data on incidence, risk factors and prophylactic mesh reinforcement were extracted.ResultsOf 1440 articles found, 33 studies comprising 4679 reversals were included. The overall incidence of incisional hernia was 6.5% [range 0%–38%, median follow‐up 27.5 (17.54–36) months]. Eleven studies assessed stoma site incisional hernia as the primary end‐point, showing an incidence of 17.7% [range 1.7%–36.1%, median follow‐up 28 (15.25–51.70) months]. Body mass index, diabetes and surgery for malignant disease were found to be independent risk factors, as derived from eight studies. Two retrospective comparative cohort studies showed significantly lower rates of stoma site incisional hernia with prophylactic mesh reinforcement compared with nonmesh controls [6.4% vs 36.1% (P = 0.001); 3% vs 19% (P = 0.04)].ConclusionStoma site incisional hernia should not be underestimated as a long‐term problem. Body mass index, diabetes and malignancy seem to be potential risk factors. Currently, limited data are available on the outcomes of prophylactic mesh reinforcement to prevent stoma site incisional hernia.
Who is More Injury‐Prone? Prediction and Assessment of Injury Risk
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Wilkerson Gary B. , Sharda Ramesh , Colston Marisa A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTInjuries are the primary determinant of an individual's mobility, which affect not just their workplace productivity in intensive environments such as manufacturing, but also their decision‐making ability and quality of life. Managers typically assign workers to projects or tasks without having knowledge about their functional capabilities or current state of injury risk as injuries remain highly underreported at workplaces for fear of reprisal and other reasons. Therefore, high‐quality research on injury prevention is nearly nonexistent. Procedures that we use in this study for developing a prediction model for identification of college football players at an elevated injury risk could also be used to quantify injury risk in various occupational settings. Using a number of measurements and models, we arrive at an estimate of an individual's injury likelihood. Our measures include ratings of movement efficiency through physical performance tests, acceleration using Internet of Things (IoT) devices, functional role classifications, and recorded exposures to high‐risk conditions. Findings prescribe several approaches and decision rules for prediction of injury risk and suggest that training programs need to consider an individual's injury risk rather than offer a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach. The analytics models derived from a combination of injury risk screening and surveillance data can be used for making decisions about targeting employee‐centric risk‐reduction interventions, improved matching of tasks to individuals, or deciding job rotation for improved performance, all while enhancing the quality of life of individuals and reducing the escalating costs of work‐related injuries borne by employers. These models can also be developed for smartphones.
Making dietary changes following a diagnosis of prediabetes: a qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators
Authors: Abel S. , Whitehead L. C. , Coppell K. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of people recently diagnosed with prediabetes and overweight or obese in making dietary changes following a six‐month primary care nurse‐delivered dietary intervention pilot.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants, purposefully selected to ensure a mix of ethnicity, gender and glycaemic outcome. Thematic analysis of interview data was undertaken.ResultsParticipants described feeling shocked when they received the diagnosis of prediabetes. Three core themes, each containing subthemes, emerged: (i) supportive factors ‐ determination not to develop diabetes, clear information and manageable strategies, and supportive relationships; (ii) barriers ‐ lack of family support, financial constraints, social expectations around food, and chronic health issues; and (iii) overcoming challenges ‐ growing and sharing food, using frozen vegetables and planning. Challenges related to cultural expectations around providing and partaking of food were more evident for indigenous Māori participants.ConclusionsA diagnosis of prediabetes provides a window of opportunity for healthcare professionals to work with those diagnosed and their families to make healthful dietary changes. Dietary guidance is likely to be most effective when individuals’ life circumstances are taken into account. Clear information and supportive relationships to facilitate lifestyle change are extremely important.(Clinical Trials Registry No; ANZCTR ACTRN1261500080656)
Impact of different glycaemic treatment targets on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes
Authors: Abell S. K. , Boyle J. A. , Earnest A. , England P. , Nankervis A. , Ranasinha S. , Soldatos G. , Wallace E. M. , Zoungas S. , J Teede H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimWith no current randomized trials, we explored the impact of tight compared with standard treatment targets on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThis cohort study of singleton births ≥ 28 weeks’ gestation was conducted at two major Australian maternity services (2009–2013). Standardized maternal, neonatal and birth outcomes were examined using routine healthcare data and compared for women with GDM at Service One (n = 2885) and Service Two (n = 1887). Services applied different treatment targets: Service One (standard targets, reference group) fasting < 5.5 mmol/l, 2‐h postprandial < 7.0 mmol/l; Service Two (tight targets) fasting < 5.0 mmol/l, 2‐h postprandial < 6.7 mmol/l. Multivariable regression with propensity score adjustment was used to examine associations between targets and outcomes.ResultsGDM prevalence and insulin use were 7.9% and 31% at Service One, and 5.7% and 46% at Service Two. There were no differences in primary outcomes: birthweight > 90th centile [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–1.30] and < 10th centile (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–1.01), or secondary outcomes gestational hypertension, pre‐eclampsia, shoulder dystocia or a perinatal composite. Service Two with tight targets had increased induction of labour (OR 3.63, 95% CI 3.17–4.16), elective Caesarean section (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.37–2.23) and Apgar scores < 7 at 5 min (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05–2.25), decreased hypoglycaemia (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.94]), jaundice (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35–0.63) and respiratory distress (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47–0.98).ConclusionsTight GDM treatment targets were associated with greater insulin use and no difference in primary birthweight outcomes. The service with tight targets had higher obstetric intervention, lower rates of reported hypoglycaemia, jaundice, respiratory distress and lower Apgar scores. High‐quality interventional data are required before tight treatment targets can be implemented.
Negative spatial covariation in abundance of two European ticks: diverging niche preferences or biotic interaction?
Authors: Tkadlec Emil , Václavík Tomáš , Kubelová Michaela , Široký Pavel 
Published: August 2018

1. Understanding the ecological niches of ticks is central to predicting the risk of tick‐borne disease occurrence. Despite considerable advances in describing species distributions over the last two decades, disentangling the differences in habitat preferences from biotic interactions still remains among the main challenges.2. In boundary areas along the rivers Danube, Morava and Dyje, separating the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria, we studied ecological niche segregation between two European sympatric tick species, Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus, the abundances of which exhibited a negative spatial covariation. By applying ANCOVA analysis, we tested the effects of 19 climate, four moisture and two topographical variables derived through GIS on tick abundances.3. Dermacentor reticulatus preferred warmer and wetter sites with greater diurnal and seasonal variation in temperature but with lower seasonality in precipitation than I. ricinus.4. By adopting the static regression model based on a modified Lotka–Volterra model for interspecific competition, we examined the relative power of environmental variables to explain the negative relationship between tick log‐abundances. We found that nonzero estimates of competition coefficients α12 and α21 were not eliminated even if we included seven principal components derived from considered environmental variables.5. These results suggest that habitat conditions can shape abundance patterns of the studied ticks but their overall power to explain negative spatial covariation is low. This indicates that other critical variables were not considered in the analysis. An alternative explanation suggests that competitive interaction is not yet supported by direct field evidence obtained for these ticks.
Snapshot of an early Paleoproterozoic ecosystem: Two diverse microfossil communities from the Turee Creek Group, Western Australia
Authors: Barlow Erica Victoria , Van Kranendonk Martin Julian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEighteen microfossil morphotypes from two distinct facies of black chert from a deep‐water setting of the c. 2.4 Ga Turee Creek Group, Western Australia, are reported here. A primarily in situ, deep‐water benthic community preserved in nodular black chert occurs as a tangled network of a variety of long filamentous microfossils, unicells of one size distribution and fine filamentous rosettes, together with relatively large spherical aggregates of cells interpreted as in‐fallen, likely planktonic, forms. Bedded black cherts, in contrast, preserve microfossils primarily within, but also between, rounded clasts of organic material that are coated by thin, convoluted carbonaceous films interpreted as preserved extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Microfossils preserved within the clasts include a wide range of unicells, both much smaller and larger than those in the nodular black chert, along with relatively short, often degraded filaments, four types of star‐shaped rosettes and umbrella‐like rosettes. Large, complexly branching filamentous microfossils are found between the clasts. The grainstone clasts in the bedded black chert are interpreted as transported from shallower water, and the contained microfossils thus likely represent a phototrophic community. Combined, the two black chert facies provide a snapshot of a microbial ecosystem spanning shallow to deeper‐water environments, and an insight into the diversity of life present during the rise in atmospheric oxygen. The preserved microfossils include two new, distinct morphologies previously unknown from the geological record, as well as a number of microfossils from the bedded black chert that are morphologically similar to—but 400–500 Ma older than—type specimens from the c. 1.88 Ga Gunflint Iron Formation. Thus, the Turee Creek Group microfossil assemblage creates a substantial reference point in the sparse fossil record of the earliest Paleoproterozoic and demonstrates that microbial life diversified quite rapidly after the end of the Archean.
Hospital discharge data under‐reports delirium occurrence: results from a point prevalence survey of delirium in a major Australian health service
Authors: Casey Penelope , Cross Wendy , Mart Melinda Webb‐St , Baldwin Cathryn , Riddell Kath , Dārziņš Pēteris 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDelirium in hospitalised patients is common, and a risk factor for adverse outcomes. Health services require accurate delirium data to monitor the impact of initiatives designed to improve detection and prevention of delirium.AimTo determine the extent to which International Classification of Disease codes represent delirium occurrence.MethodsA cross‐sectional point prevalence survey was used to audit delirium occurrence in 25 inpatient wards of an Australian health service. All adult patients were eligible. Exclusion was for coma, end of life or behaviour that posed a risk to delirium assessors. Specially trained nurses and allied health professionals (AHP) screened patients for any cognitive impairment using the 4 A's Test (4AT). Those with abnormal screen test results were assessed using the ‘3‐Minute Diagnostic Interview for the Confusion Assessment Method’ (3D‐CAM). Delirium detected by 3D‐CAM was the reference standard.ResultsOf potentially eligible patients, 559 of 667 (83.8%) patients were assessed. The mean age was 73 years (±16.4), 54.5% were female and 43.8% (245/559) had cognitive impairment (4AT score ≥1). The occurrence of delirium during hospitalisation as identified by ICD codes was 10.4% (58/559; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.9–12.7) compared with a point prevalence of 16.2% (91/559; 95% CI, 13.2–19.1). Only 31 of 91 (34.1%) of those with delirium had ICD delirium codes assigned.ConclusionICD coding is inadequate to determine in‐hospital delirium incidence. Instead, a point prevalence detection of delirium using the methods described above could be used. Health services could apply the described survey method to evaluate their local initiatives for the improvement of delirium detection and prevention.
Outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy with and without bridging thrombolysis for acute large vessel occlusion ischaemic stroke
Authors: Maingard Julian , Shvarts Yasmin , Motyer Ronan , Thijs Vincent , Brennan Paul , O'Hare Alan , Looby Seamus , Thornton John , Hirsch Joshua A. , Barras Christen D. , Chandra Ronil V. , Brooks Mark , Asadi Hamed , Kok Hong K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for management of large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischaemic stroke is now current best practice.AimTo determine if bridging intravenous (i.v.) alteplase therapy confers any clinical benefit.MethodsA retrospective study of patients treated with EVT for LVO was performed. Outcomes were compared between patients receiving thrombolysis and EVT with EVT alone. Primary end‐points were reperfusion rate, 90‐day functional outcome and mortality using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH).ResultsA total of 355 patients who underwent EVT was included: 210 with thrombolysis (59%) and 145 without (41%). The reperfusion rate was higher in the group receiving i.v. tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–3.73, P = 0.004), although this effect was attenuated when all variables were considered (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.22, 95% CI: 0.60–2.5, P = 0.580). The percentage achieving functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 90 days was higher in patients who received bridging i.v. tPA (AOR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.06–4.44, P = 0.033). There was no significant difference in major complications, including sICH (AOR 1.4, 95% CI: 0.51–3.83, P = 0.512). There was lower 90‐day mortality in the bridging i.v. tPA group (AOR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.36–1.74, P = 0.551).Fewer thrombectomy passes (2 versus 3, P = 0.012) were required to achieve successful reperfusion in the i.v. tPA group. Successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b) was the strongest predictor for 90‐day functional independence (AOR 10.4, 95% CI:3.6–29.7, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study supports the current practice of administering i.v. alteplase before endovascular therapy.
Radial‐probe endobronchial ultrasound outcomes in the investigation of peripheral pulmonary lesions: a New Zealand perspective
Authors: Good William R. , Christensen Pernille M. , Herath Samantha , Dawkins Paul , Yap Elaine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundRadial‐probe endobronchial ultrasound (radial‐EBUS) is becoming an important investigation for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). A key advantage of radial‐EBUS is the favourable risk profile compared with current gold‐standard computerised tomography‐guided biopsy.AimTo investigate the diagnostic yield, predictors of positive yield and radial‐EBUS safety in a New Zealand institution. We also determined whether molecular analysis was possible on the same tissue samples.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all patients (n = 68) from Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, undergoing radial‐EBUS with guide‐sheath for PPL from March 2015 to August 2016. Clinical, radiological and procedural data were collected. Radial‐EBUS diagnostic yield was determined for malignant and benign diagnoses, and molecular analysis yield was determined on appropriate malignant samples. Logistic regression was used to determine factors predicting successful radial‐EBUS.ResultsOverall diagnostic yield of radial‐EBUS was 55.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 44.3–67.9). Malignant diagnostic sensitivity was 60.8% (95% CI: 46.1–74.2) and benign diagnostic sensitivity was 50% (95% CI: 23–77). Lesions close to the hilum (P = 0.039), concentric radial‐probe positioning (P = 0.008) and the use of forceps as first instrument (P = 0.0049) significantly predicted successful diagnostic yield. Of the malignant cases 81.0% (95% CI: 58.1–94.6) were sufficient for molecular analysis. Pneumothorax occurred in 4.4% (95% CI: 0.9–12.4), none required chest drain intervention. There were no cases of significant pulmonary haemorrhage.ConclusionRadial‐EBUS was shown to be safe with diagnostic yield similar to international reports. Important predictors of success include distance from hilum, probe position and forceps as first instrument. We also demonstrated that molecular analysis is possible in radial‐EBUS obtained samples.
Tunable broadband emission from red to blue by gamma radiation in multicomponent phosphate glasses
Authors: He Quanlong , Wang Pengfei , Li Weinan , Sun Mengya , Lu Min , Peng Bo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate for the first time that the tunable broadband emission from red to blue can be obtained by gamma radiation in multicomponent phosphate glasses. Gamma radiation causes the increased phosphate‐related non‐bridging oxygen hole center and oxygen hole center defects, which lead to the enhanced emission peaking at 452 nm. Meanwhile, the vibration amplitude of O‐P‐O chain's internal decrease, resulting in the decreased emission at 660 nm. Besides, the increased isolated phosphate units (Q0 and Q1), as well as the gradual decrease in P atoms that make up the main phosphate chain contribute to the blue‐shift of the main emission peak at 616 nm, which directly results in the tunable broadband emission from 616 to 460 nm. The gamma radiation process endows this type of multicomponent phosphate glasses with promising applications in solid‐state lighting devices.
Stuck in the Middle: Indigenous Interpreters and the Politics of Vernacularizing Prior Consultation in Peru
Authors: Flemmer Riccarda 
Published: August 2018

ResumenLas consultas previas no deberían ser concebidas como diálogos interculturales sino como luchas sobre la interpretación de derechos. Un aspecto no atendido ni por la política, ni por la literatura es que en estos procesos, los intermediarios—en este caso intérpretes indígenas—tienen la posición de ser mucho más que traductores lingüísticos. Applicando la idea de vernacularization entendido como la traducción de derechos de Sally Engle Merry a este nuevo ámbito, la presión política sobre las personas quienes contribuyen a estas interpretaciones vernáculas de derechos es evidente: son actores políticos en posiciones de brokerage para el entendimiento de derechos. Basado en trabajo de campo etnográfico en la Amazonía Peruana (2013–2014), muestro que los intérpretes indígenas están atascados “en el medio” de las tensiones políticas y simultáneamente tienen que ser intermediarios de conocimientos, cultura y poder. Sin saberlo, llevan todo el peso de la disputa (inter)nacional sobre las interpretaciones estatales e indígenas de la consulta previa. [Amazonia, derechos humanos, pueblos indígenas, ley, Perú, consulta previa]
The link between self‐compassion and psychotic‐like experiences: A matter of distress?
Authors: Scheunemann Jakob , Schlier Björn , Ascone Leonie , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesSelf‐shaming and self‐criticism have been shown to contribute to the emergence of distressing psychotic symptoms and psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs). In contrast, a self‐compassionate mindset may protect against negative evaluations in response to PLEs leading to less distress. This study explores the association between self‐compassion, the frequency of PLEs, and their associated distress.DesignThe study used a correlational, cross‐sectional design on a German community sample.MethodsA total of 234 participants completed the self‐compassion scale (SCS), the Peters’ Delusions Inventory, and a modified version of the Launay–Slade Hallucination Scale that measures frequency and distress of hallucinatory experiences. Pearson correlations between SCS and frequency of PLEs as well as between SCS and PLE‐distress were compared. Additionally, network analyses of SCS and PLE‐measures were calculated.ResultsSelf‐compassion was associated with less‐frequent PLEs and with less PLE‐distress, with stronger correlations between self‐compassion and PLE‐distress. The network analysis showed the self‐compassion facets isolation and overidentification to be the closest links to PLE‐distress.ConclusionsSelf‐compassion is associated with less PLE related distress. Prevention programmes and interventions that target the negative facets associated with lack of self‐compassion may be promising. However, future studies need to explore the causal role of self‐compassion facets in the formation of PLE‐distress.Practitioner points

Low levels of self‐compassion are associated with being more distressed by psychotic experiences.

As the self‐compassion facets isolation and overidentification are most strongly related to distress, prevention and intervention programmes may benefit from focusing on these negative facets.