bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early stress priming and the effects on fitness‐related traits following an adult stress exposure
Authors: Hoffman Alexander J. , Finger John W. , Wada Haruka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDevelopmental stressors can have strong effects that persist well into adulthood, and are generally seen as detrimental. However, recent work suggests that a mild developmental stressor can have beneficial effects by preparing the organism to better withstand negative impacts when exposed to high levels of the stressor later in life, also known as a conditioning hormesis. Still, little is known about the influence of such hormetic effects on fitness‐related measures. We hypothesized that exposure to a mild stressor during development will protect individuals later in life from the negative effects of a high heat stressor on immune function and reproduction. To test this hypothesis, we subjected zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to a repeated mild heat stressor (38°C) as juveniles for 28 days. As adults, the birds were then exposed to a high heat stressor (42°C) for 3 consecutive days and we examined the effects on immune function via wound healing, and on female reproductive output. We found that females given the mild heat stressor as juveniles healed wounds marginally slower, but also had higher clutch viability than controls. For the adult treatment, we saw that high heat had a stimulatory effect on clutch viability as well. Our findings point toward the occurrence of trade‐offs between immune function and reproduction due to a cost of hormetic priming when the adult environment does not match that of early life.
Komlós's tiling theorem via graphon covers
Authors: Hladký Jan , Hu Ping , Piguet Diana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractKomlós [Komlós: Tiling Turán Theorems, Combinatorica, 2000] determined the asymptotically optimal minimum‐degree condition for covering a given proportion of vertices of a host graph by vertex‐disjoint copies of a fixed graph H, thus essentially extending the Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem that deals with the case when H is a clique. We give a proof of a graphon version of Komlós's theorem. To prove this graphon version, and also to deduce from it the original statement about finite graphs, we use the machinery introduced in [Hladký, Hu, Piguet: Tilings in graphons, arXiv:1606.03113]. We further prove a stability version of Komlós's theorem.
Presence of meniscus tear alters gene expression profile of anterior cruciate ligament tears
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Rothermich Marcus A. , Tycksen Eric D. , Cai Lei , Rai Muhammad Farooq 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears occur in isolation or in tandem with other intra‐articular injuries such as meniscus tears. The impact of injury pattern on the molecular biology of the injured ACL is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the biological response of the ACL to injury varies based on the presence or absence of concomitant meniscus tear. We performed RNA‐seq on 28 ACL tears remnants (12 isolated, 16 combined). In total, 16,654 transcripts were differentially expressed between isolated and combined injury groups at false discovery rate of 0.05. Due to the large number of differentially expressed transcripts, we undertook an Ensembl approach to discover features that acted as hub genes that did not necessarily have large fold changes or high statistical significance, but instead had high biological significance. Our data revealed a negatively correlated module containing 5,960 transcripts (down‐regulated in combined injury) and a positively correlated module containing 2,260 transcripts (up‐regulated in combined injury). TNS1, MEF2D, NOTCH3, SOGA1, and MLXIP were highly‐connected hub genes in the negatively correlated module and SCN2A, CSMD3, LRC44, USH2A, and LRP1B were critical hub genes in the positively correlated module. Transcripts in the negatively correlated module were associated with biological adhesion, actin‐filament organization, cell junction assembly, and cell matrix adhesion. The positively correlated module transcripts were enriched for neuron migration and exocytosis regulation. These findings indicate genes and pathways reflective of healing deficiency and gain of neurogenic signaling in combined ACL and meniscus tears, suggesting their diminished repair potential. The biological response of ACL to injury could have implications for healing potential of the ligament and the long term health of the knee. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2612–2621, 2018.
Simple staging system for osteosarcoma performs equivalently to the AJCC and MSTS systems
Authors: Cates Justin M.M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBoth the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) staging systems for skeletal sarcomas have major weaknesses. A revised staging system for osteosarcoma (the Vanderbilt system) was developed based on exploratory analyses of the relative prognostic impacts of histologic grade, tumor size, local tumor extension, and specific anatomic sites of metastasis using case records from the National Cancer Database (N = 4,285). AJCC, MSTS, and Vanderbilt staging schemes were then compared using a separate, population‐based cancer registry (the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database; N = 2,246) as a validation dataset. Predictive accuracy for 5‐year sarcoma‐specific survival was evaluated by comparing areas under receiver‐operating characteristic curves generated from logistic regression. Three different concordance indices and Bayesian information criteria were also calculated for model comparisons. The Vanderbilt staging system showed comparable predictive accuracy for 5‐year disease‐specific survival (65%) compared to the AJCC (67%) and MSTS (67%) staging systems. Most cross‐comparisons of model concordance were not significantly different either. Bayesian information criterion was lowest for the MSTS staging system. Substaging osteosarcoma by current anatomical criteria is ineffectual. A simplified staging system based only on histologic grade and the presence of distant metastasis to any anatomic site performs similarly to the current AJCC and MSTS staging systems by multiple statistical criteria and is proposed for clinical and pathological staging of osteosarcomas of the non‐pelvic appendicular and non‐spinal axial skeleton. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2802–2808, 2018.
Error introduced by common reorientation algorithms in the assessment of rodent trabecular morphometry using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Newton Michael D. , Hartner Samantha , Gawronski Karissa , Maerz Tristan 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTQuantitative analyses of bone using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) are routinely employed in preclinical research, and virtual image reorientation to a consistent reference frame is a common processing step. The purpose of this study was to quantify error introduced by common reorientation algorithms in μCT‐based characterization of bone. Mouse and rat tibial metaphyses underwent μCT scanning at a range of resolutions (6–30 μm). A trabecular volume‐of‐interest (VOI) was manually selected. Image stacks were analyzed without rotation, following 45° In‐Plane axial rotation, and following 45° Triplanar rotation. Interpolation was performed using Nearest‐Neighbor, Linear, and Cubic interpolations. Densitometric (bone volume fraction, tissue mineral density, bone mineral density) and morphometric variables (trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, trabecular number, structural model index) were computed for each combination of voxel size, rotation, and interpolation. Significant reorientation error was measured in all parameters, and was exacerbated at higher voxel sizes, with relatively low error at 6 and 12 μm (max. reorientation error in BV/TV was 2.9% at 6 μm, 7.7% at 12 μm and 36.5% at 30 μm). Considering densitometric parameters, Linear and Cubic interpolations introduced significant error while Nearest‐Neighbor interpolation caused minimal error, and In‐Plane rotation caused greater error than Triplanar. Morphometric error was strongly and intricately dependent on the combination of rotation and interpolation employed. Reorientation error can be eliminated by avoiding reorientation altogether or by “de‐rotating” VOIs from reoriented images back to the original reference frame prior to analysis. When these are infeasible, reorientation error can be minimized through sufficiently high resolution scanning, careful selection of interpolation type, and consistent processing of all images. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2762–2770, 2018.
Wines in contact with oak wood: the impact of the variety (Carménère and Cabernet Sauvignon), format (barrels, chips and staves), and aging time on the phenolic composition
Authors: Laqui‐Estaña Jaime , López‐Solís Remigio , Peña‐Neira Álvaro , Medel‐Marabolí Marcela , Obreque‐Slier Elías 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study characterized the flavonoid and nonflavonoid phenolic composition of Carménère and Cabernet Sauvignon wines that were in contact with barrels, chips, and staves during a 12 month aging period. The wines were evaluated by spectrophotometric (for total phenols, anthocyanins and tannins, colorant intensity, hue, CIELab parameters, and fractionation into mono‐, oligo‐, and polymers of proanthocyanidins) and high‐performance liquid chromatography diode array detection analyses (for ellagitannins, gallotannins, anthocyanins, and low molecular weight phenols).RESULTSWines in contact with oak wood presented a strong enrichment with nonflavonoid compounds, such as caffeic, gallic, and ellagic acids and ellagitannins. Wines in contact with staves stood out for the increased presence of total phenols, vanillic acid, and higher color intensity, whereas wines aged in contact with chips showed large contents of proanthocyanidin gallates. Wines aged in barrels exhibited high contents of ellagitannins and ethyl gallates. The effect of wood on the phenolic composition was mostly associated with the original and intrinsic characteristics of each grape variety.CONCLUSIONExtraction of phenolic compounds from oak wood during wine aging is closely related to the wood format, grape variety (Carménère or Cabernet Sauvignon), and aging time. The final effect of wood on wine would be related not just to the transference of polyphenols from wood, but also to structural modifications of grape polyphenols. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Solid‐phase extraction using octadecyl‐bonded silica modified with photosynthetic pigments from Spinacia oleracea L. for the preconcentration of lead(II) ions from aqueous samples
Authors: Blicharska Eliza , Tatarczak‐Michalewska Małgorzata , Plazińska Anita , Plaziński Wojciech , Kowalska Anna , Madejska Anna , Szymańska‐Chargot Monika , Sroka‐Bartnicka Anna , Flieger Jolanta 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpinacia oleracea L. extract was immobilized on an octadecyl‐bonded silica surface to produce a new sorbent for the solid‐phase extraction of trace amounts of metal ions from aqueous neutral samples. A measurement of the metal content has been performed by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The affinity of the investigated bivalent metal cations for the modified sorbent are in the order: Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Zn(II) ≈ Cd(II) ≈ Co(II). The quantum‐chemically calculated chlorophyll‐a–metal ion binding energies were consistent with the measured affinities of the corresponding metal ions to the investigated sorbent. The maximum sorption capacity obtained for Pb(II) was equal to 1.44 μmol/g. The value of lead uptake was significantly higher in comparison to the one reported for other sorbents and biosorbents. Immobilized chlorophyll a is responsible for a chelation process with stoichiometry 1:1 owing to the porphyrin rings, which was confirmed by the quantitative analysis performed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The Toth adsorption isotherm model was applicable to the description of the adsorption process of either chlorophyll a or Pb(II). The structural analysis of sorbent was done using Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X‐ray detector.
Cultural antecedents of inbound tourism in five Asian and Middle East countries: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Azimi Hashemi Mozhgan , Hanser Emmy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study illustrates the effects of national culture on tourists' destination choices to Asian and the Middle East. This study clarifies how national cultural configurations indicate international tourists' willingness‐to‐travel to destinations. Five countries in this region—India, Iran, China, Egypt, and Jordan—were selected as destinations of outbound tourism in world counties. Fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis approach was applied to consider how complex configurations of national culture affect international tourism in countries mentioned. The study examines 6 attributes/conditions to explain outcomes. Results demonstrated that configurations that more important in selection Asian and Middle East destinations are presences of happiness and absences of cultural distance, dynamic externality, and societal cynicism. This study supports the cultural values and the cultural distance between origins and destinations, one of the antecedents of tourists' behaviours.
Neurophysiological study of the radial nerve variant in the innervation of the dorsomedial surface of the hand
Authors: Parra Silvia , Orenga Jose V. , Ghinea Alina D. , Estarelles Maria J. , Masoliver Angel , Barreda Ines , Puertas F. Javier 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Sensory innervation of the dorsomedial surface of the hand usually depends on the dorsal ulnar nerve (DUN). Innervation in this area by the superficial radial nerve (SRN) has been described as a normal variant. Methods: We studied 358 patients using nerve conduction of the DUN and SRN with dorsomedial recording. Each hand was classified into usual innervation (only DUN response), mixed variant (response of both nerves), or complete variant (only SRN response). Results: Mixed innervation was found in 14.2% of hands and complete innervation was found in 6.8% of hands, mostly unilaterally. No statistically significant differences were observed in age, sex, or clinical suspicion between usual and variant innervation. The potential amplitude after SRN stimulation was greater in the complete variant. Discussion: It is important to know the characteristics of this variant in order to avoid diagnostic errors and to prevent iatrogenic lesions in surgery performed on the dorsum of the wrist. Muscle Nerve 58: 732–735, 2018
Made Easy: CW Laser Light Widely Tunable Across the Visible
Authors: Sperling Jaroslaw , Hens Korbinian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA remarkable number of photonic applications call for continuous‐wave (cw) laser light that is widely tunable throughout the visible range of the spectrum. However, this spectral region remains difficult to access with conventional tunable laser devices. This is why recently commercialized sources based on cw optical parametric oscillator (OPO) technology gain market awareness – and become increasingly recognized as cost‐effective and user friendly turn‐key solutions.
No Mobile Automatic Systems without Lidar
Authors: Bronowski Karsten 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhotodiodes are key components for the automation of mobile systems. Applications encompass everything from drones through cleaning robots and logistics robots, to special vehicles for industry, construction, forestry, and agriculture. Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are key components of these systems and enable the success of lidar – radar using light. Only lidar systems create the necessary conditions for comprehensive automation in conjunction with safe mobility.
Re‐Scan Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Manders Erik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs we all know, the most important property of the confocal microscope is optical sectioning (axial resolution). A bit forgotten fact is that confocal microscopy has the potential of lateral super‐resolution (better resolution than Abbe's law dictates). This lateral super‐resolution can only be obtained by sacrificing precious fluorescence signal and thus by getting noisy images. This problem has now been solved by a simple re‐design of the optics: re‐scan confocal microscopy (RCM).
Multijunction Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Schulte Kevin L. , Simon John , Ptak Aaron J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report the development of Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs monolithic tandem solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy, a III‐V semiconductor growth alternative to metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy with the potential to reduce growth costs. The tandem device consists of 3 components: a 1.88 eV band gap (EG) Ga0.5In0.5P top cell, a p‐Ga0.5In0.5P/n‐GaAs tunnel junction, and a 1.41 eV rear heterojunction GaAs cell. The open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor are 2.40 V and 88.4%, respectively, indicative of high material quality. Electroluminescence measurements show that the individual VOC of the top and bottom cell are 1.40 and 1.00 V, respectively, yielding EG‐voltage offsets (WOC) of 0.48 and 0.41 V. The WOC of the top cell is higher because of an unpassivated front surface rather than the bulk material quality. The Ga0.5In0.5P top cell limits the current of this series‐connected device for this reason to a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 11.16 ± 0.15 mA/cm2 yielding an overall efficiency of 23.7% ± 0.3%. We show through modeling that thinning the emitter will improve the present result, with a clear pathway toward 30% efficiency with the existing material quality. This result is a promising step toward the realization of high‐efficiency III‐V multijunction devices with reduced growth cost.
Nanowire Arrays as Force Sensors with Super‐Resolved Localization Position Detection: Application to Optical Measurement of Bacterial Adhesion Forces
Authors: da Silva Aldeliane M. , Sahoo Prasana K. , Cavalli Alessandro , de Souza Alessandra A. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Cesar Carlos L. , Janissen Richard , Cotta Monica A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe design and application of indium phosphide (InP) nanowire arrays to acquire Xylella fastidiosa bacterial cell vector force maps are discussed. The nanowire deflections are measured with subdiffraction localization confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The nanowire mechanical stability in air and liquid media as well as methods to average out thermally induced oscillations are investigated. The accuracy of center determination of the CLSM reflected laser intensity profile at nanowire apex is studied using Gaussian fitting and localization microscopy techniques. These results show that the method is reliable for measuring nanowire displacements above ≈25 nm. Corresponding force ranges probed by this method can be customized depending on nanowire geometry and array configuration. The method is applied to explore X. fastidiosa cell adhesion forces on the InP nanowire surface, and in situ probes the effect of N‐acetylcysteine on adhered cells. Future perspectives for application of this method in microbiology studies are also outlined.
Solar home systems and solar lanterns in rural areas of the Global South: What impact?
Authors: Lemaire Xavier 
Published: June 2018

Assessing the extent of evidence available relating to the impact of solar energy for households (HHs) in developing countries, surveys are reviewed focusing on the impact of pico‐photovoltaic (e.g., solar lanterns) or solar home systems (SHS) on rural HHs and directly related economic activities of their occupiers. Ninety‐eight documents have been analyzed. Areas of enquiry have included the impact of small individual solar photovoltaic systems on different facets of the life of HHs' occupiers: their education, health, finance, livelihoods, and social relations. Research on the impact of small solar systems contradicts the commonly accepted idea that small solar systems—due to their limited capacity—cannot have an impact in terms of development. In actual fact, these systems seem to have a significant impact in terms of quality of life for their users and in helping them to keep connected to the global world by supplying power to mobile phones and television sets. Nevertheless, it is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions on their quantitative impact in specific areas, except for: (a) evidence of increase of quality lighting, (b) strong evidence of cost savings when kerosene lamps are replaced by solar lighting, and (c) evidence on the impact of solar lighting on the time of studying of children and quality of education. Finally, indications are given on the kind of research which could be conducted to fill current gaps in demonstrating evidence of the impact of small individual solar systems.This article is categorized under:
Photovoltaics > Climate and Environment
Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Postsynaptic movement disorders: clinical phenotypes, genotypes, and disease mechanisms
Authors: Abela Lucia , Kurian Manju A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMovement disorders comprise a group of heterogeneous diseases with often complex clinical phenotypes. Overlapping symptoms and a lack of diagnostic biomarkers may hamper making a definitive diagnosis. Next‐generation sequencing techniques have substantially contributed to unraveling genetic etiologies underlying movement disorders and thereby improved diagnoses. Defects in dopaminergic signaling in postsynaptic striatal medium spiny neurons are emerging as a pathogenic mechanism in a number of newly identified hyperkinetic movement disorders. Several of the causative genes encode components of the cAMP pathway, a critical postsynaptic signaling pathway in medium spiny neurons. Here, we review the clinical presentation, genetic findings, and disease mechanisms that characterize these genetic postsynaptic movement disorders.