bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of the relative line strengths due to the resonance induced population transfer between Fe XVII and FeXVI ions
Authors: Wu Chensheng , Gao Xiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a detailed study to resolve the discrepancy between the existing theoretically estimated oscillator strengths and the recently observed result from the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiment performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) for the intensity ratio between two of the strongest emission lines from Ne-like Fe XVII (Fe16+) ion. By including the dynamic resonance induced population transfer due to autoionization between the coexisting Fe XVII and Fe XVI (Fe15+) ions in the XFEL experiment, we are able to successfully resolve this difference in theory and experiment. Further experimental works are suggested for a more detailed understanding of the dynamic resonance processes for ions.
A 3D bioprinter platform for mechanistic analysis of tumoroids and chimeric mammary organoids
Authors: Reid John A. , Palmer Xavier-Lewis , Mollica Peter A. , Northam Nicole , Sachs Patrick C. , Bruno Robert D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe normal mammary microenvironment can suppress tumorigenesis and redirect cancer cells to adopt a normal mammary epithelial cell fate in vivo. Understanding of this phenomenon offers great promise for novel treatment and detection strategies in cancer, but current model systems make mechanistic insights into the process difficult. We have recently described a low-cost bioprinting platform designed to be accessible for basic cell biology laboratories. Here we report the use of this system for the study of tumorigenesis and microenvironmental redirection of breast cancer cells. We show our bioprinter significantly increases tumoroid formation in 3D collagen gels and allows for precise generation of tumoroid arrays. We also demonstrate that we can mimic published in vivo findings by co-printing cancer cells along with normal mammary epithelial cells to generate chimeric organoids. These chimeric organoids contain cancer cells that take part in normal luminal formation. Furthermore, we show for the first time that cancer cells within chimeric structures have a significant increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels as compared to bioprinted tumoroids. These results demonstrate the capacity of our 3D bioprinting platform to study tumorigenesis and microenvironmental control of breast cancer and highlight a novel mechanistic insight into the process of microenvironmental control of cancer.
Neonatal exposure to an inflammatory cytokine, epidermal growth factor, results in the deficits of mismatch negativity in rats
Authors: Jodo Eiichi , Inaba Hiroyoshi , Narihara Itaru , Sotoyama Hidekazu , Kitayama Eiko , Yabe Hirooki , Namba Hisaaki , Eifuku Satoshi , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerinatal exposure to epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces various cognitive and behavioral abnormalities after maturation in non-human animals, and is used for animal models of schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia often display a reduction of mismatch negativity (MMN), which is a stimulus-change specific event-related brain potential. Do the EGF model animals also exhibit the MMN reduction as schizophrenic patients do? This study addressed this question to verify the pathophysiological validity of this model. Neonatal rats received repeated administration of EGF or saline and were grown until adulthood. Employing the odd-ball paradigm of distinct tone pitches, tone-evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) components were recorded from electrodes on the auditory and frontal cortices of awake rats, referencing an electrode on the frontal sinus. The amplitude of the MMN-like potential was significantly reduced in EGF-treated rats compared with saline-injected control rats. The wavelet analysis of the EEG during a near period of tone stimulation revealed that synchronization of EEG activity, especially with beta and gamma bands, was reduced in EGF-treated rats. Results suggest that animals exposed to EGF during a perinatal period serve as a promising neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.
Efficacy and safety of the fixed combinations of tafluprost/timolol and latanoprost/carteolol
Authors: Fuwa Masahiro , Shimazaki Atsushi , Mieda Masafumi , Yamashita Naoko , Akaishi Takahiro , Taniguchi Takazumi , Kato Masatomo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we made a comparative efficacy and safety assessment of two different fixed combinations of drugs, viz., tafluprost/timolol (TAF/TIM) and latanoprost/carteolol (LAT/CAR), by determining their effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive monkeys and examining their toxic effects on ocular surface using human corneal epithelial cells. TAF/TIM was found to be more effective in lowering IOP for a longer duration compared to LAT/CAR. We found that the difference in the intensity of IOP-lowering effect was because of the differences in the strength of timolol compared with that of carteolol as a beta-adrenergic antagonist and strength of tafluprost compared with that of latanoprost as a prostaglandin analogue. In addition, TAF/TIM showed much less cytotoxic effects compared to LAT/CAR on the human corneal epithelial cells. Our findings showed that TAF/TIM is better than LAT/CAR with regard to the IOP-lowering effect in monkeys and toxicity on ocular surface.
A combined in silico and in vitro study on mouse Serpina1a antitrypsin-deficiency mutants
Authors: Eggenschwiler Reto , Patronov Atanas , Hegermann Jan , Fráguas-Eggenschwiler Mariane , Wu Guangming , Cortnumme Leon , Ochs Matthias , Antes Iris , Cantz Tobias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCertain point-mutations in the human SERPINA1-gene can cause severe α1-antitrypsin-deficiency (A1AT-D). Affected individuals can suffer from loss-of-function lung-disease and from gain-of-function liver-disease phenotypes. However, age of onset and severity of clinical appearance is heterogeneous amongst carriers, suggesting involvement of additional genetic and environmental factors. The generation of authentic A1AT-D mouse-models has been hampered by the complexity of the mouse Serpina1-gene locus and a model with concurrent lung and liver-disease is still missing. Here, we investigate point-mutations in the mouse Serpina1a antitrypsin-orthologue, which are homolog-equivalent to ones known to cause severe A1AT-D in human. We combine in silico and in vitro methods and we find that analyzed mutations do introduce potential disease-causing properties into Serpina1a. Finally, we show that introduction of the King’s-mutation causes inactivation of neutrophil elastase inhibitory-function in both, mouse and human antitrypsin, while the mouse Z-mutant retains activity. This work paves the path to generation of better A1AT-D mouse-models.
Establishing a Group Educational Session for Hyperacusis Patients
Authors: Perreau Ann E. , Tyler Richard S. , Mancini Patricia C. , Witt Shelley , Elgandy Mohamed Salah 
Published: May 2019

PurposeAudiologists should be treating hyperacusis patients. However, it can be difficult to know where to begin because treatment protocols and evidence-based treatment studies are lacking. A good place to start in any tinnitus and hyperacusis clinic is to incorporate a group educational session.MethodHere, we outline our approach to establishing a hyperacusis group educational session that includes specific aspects of getting to know each patient to best meet their needs, understanding the problems associated with hyperacusis, explaining the auditory system and the relationship of hyperacusis to hearing loss and tinnitus, describing the influence of hyperacusis on daily life, and introducing treatment options. Subjective responses from 11 adults with hyperacusis, who participated in a recent clinical group education session, were discussed to illustrate examples from actual patients.ConclusionsDue to the devastating nature of hyperacusis, patients need to be reassured that they are not alone and that they can rely on audiologists to provide support and guidance. A group approach can facilitate the therapeutic process by connecting patients with others who are also affected by hyperacusis, and by educating patients and significant others on hyperacusis and its treatment options.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8121197
Improved two‐stage boost inverter with integrated control strategy
Authors: Hong Feng , Zhu Peng , Ji Baojian 
Published: May 2019

In this study, an integrated control strategy is proposed which can be widely used in two‐stage boost inverters, and an improved two‐stage boost inverter is taken as an example to present the proposed integrated control idea. The presented inverter can operate in four quadrants, which can realise grid‐connected or stand‐alone inverter. With improved control strategy, it not only can reduce the number of switching times and improve the efficiency but also can reduce the harmonic contents of bridge arm voltage and further decrease the volume and weight of the filter. Therefore, the presented inverter still has the advantages in efficiency and volume when compared with single‐stage boost inverters. The operating principle, harmonic analysis, simulation and experiments are provided in this study. A 500 W prototype is established and tested, and the results of simulation and experiments verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Thin‐film transistors based on wide bandgap Ga2O3 films grown by aqueous‐solution spin‐coating method
Authors: Chen Dazheng , Xu Yu , An Zhiyuan , Li Zhe , Zhang Chunfu 
Published: May 2019

Ga2O3 is a wide bandgap oxide semiconductor material with the bandgap value only second in magnitude to diamond among known semiconductors. As a wide‐bandgap semiconductor, Ga2O3 has emerged as a new competitor to silicon carbide and III‐nitrides in various applications of ultraviolet optoelectronics and high power electronics. However, almost all the devices are based on the Ga2O3 grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy or chemical vapour deposition, which is time‐consuming and expensive. In this work, the authors report on thin‐film transistors based on wide bandgap Ga2O3 films grown by aqueous‐solution spin‐coating method. The morphological, optical and electrical properties of the films and devices are investigated using a range of characterisation techniques, whilst the effects of post‐deposition annealing are also investigated. Both as fabricated and post‐annealed Ga2O3 films are found to be very smooth and exhibit wide energy bandgaps of around 4.8 and 4.9 eV, respectively. Thin‐film transistors based on the grown Ga2O3 films show n‐type conductivity with the maximum electron mobility of 0.1 cm2/Vs.
Inverse Lidov-Kozai resonance for an outer test particle due to an eccentric perturber
Authors: de Elía G. C. , Zanardi M. , Dugaro A. , Naoz S. 
Published: May 2019

Aims. We analyze the behavior of the argument of pericenter ω2 of an outer particle in the elliptical restricted three-body problem, focusing on the ω2 resonance or inverse Lidov-Kozai resonance.
Methods. First, we calculated the contribution of the terms of quadrupole, octupole, and hexadecapolar order of the secular approximation of the potential to the outer particle’s ω2 precession rate (dω2∕dτ). Then, we derived analytical criteria that determine the vanishing of the ω2 quadrupole precession rate (dω2/dτ)quad for different values of the inner perturber’s eccentricity e1. Finally, we used such analytical considerations and described the behavior of ω2 of outer particles extracted from N-body simulations developed in a previous work.
Results. Our analytical study indicates that the values of the inclination i2 and the ascending node longitude Ω2 associated with the outer particle that vanish (dω2/dτ)quad strongly depend on the eccentricity e1 of the inner perturber. In fact, if e1 < 0.25 (>0.40825), (dω2/dτ)quad is only vanished for particles whose Ω2 circulates (librates). For e1 between 0.25 and 0.40825, (dω2/dτ)quad can be vanished for any particle for a suitable selection of pairs (Ω2, i2). Our analysis of the N-body simulations shows that the inverse Lidov-Kozai resonance is possible for small, moderate, and high values of e1. Moreover, such a resonance produces distinctive features in the evolution of a particle in the (Ω2, i2) plane. In fact, if ω2 librates and Ω2 circulates, the extremes of i2 at Ω2 = 90° and 270° do not reach the same value, while if ω2 and Ω2 librate, the evolutionary trajectory of the particle in the (Ω2, i2) plane shows evidence of an asymmetry with respect to i2 = 90°. The evolution of ω2 associated with the outer particles of the N-body simulations can be very well explained by the analytical criteria derived in our investigation.
Oscillatory migration of accreting protoplanets driven by a 3D distortion of the gas flow
Authors: Chrenko Ondřej , Lambrechts Michiel 
Published: May 2019

Context. The dynamics of a low-mass protoplanet accreting solids is influenced by the heating torque, which was found to suppress inward migration in protoplanetary disks with constant opacities.
Aims. We investigate the differences in the heating torque between disks with constant and temperature-dependent opacities.
Methods. Interactions of a super-Earth-sized protoplanet with the gas disk are explored using 3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations.
Results. Accretion heating of the protoplanet creates a hot underdense region in the surrounding gas, leading to misalignment of the local density and pressure gradients. As a result, the 3D gas flow is perturbed and some of the streamlines form a retrograde spiral rising above the protoplanet. In the constant-opacity disk, the perturbed flow reaches a steady state and the underdense gas responsible for the heating torque remains distributed in accordance with previous studies. If the opacity is non-uniform, however, the differences in the disk structure can lead to more vigorous streamline distortion and eventually to a flow instability. The underdense gas develops a one-sided asymmetry which circulates around the protoplanet in a retrograde fashion. The heating torque thus strongly oscillates in time and does not on average counteract inward migration.
Conclusions. The torque variations make the radial drift of the protoplanet oscillatory, consisting of short intervals of alternating rapid inward and outward migration. We speculate that transitions between the positive and oscillatory heating torque may occur in specific disk regions susceptible to vertical convection, resulting in the convergent migration of multiple planetary embryos.
Tropenmedizin im Zeitalter hoher globaler Mobilität
Authors: Mickan Christina , Junghanss Thomas , Stojkovic Marija 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Schistosomiasis gehört zu den häufigsten Parasitosen weltweit und führt unbehandelt abhängig von der Parasitenlast zu intestinalen (Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. mekongi) und urogenitalen (S. haematobium) chronischen Krankheitsmanifestationen. Die frühe Phase ist geprägt von einer Immunkomplex-vermittelten akuten Symptomatik.
Methoden Wir untersuchten 12 Schüler eines deutschen Gymnasiums, die im Rahmen eines 14-tägigen Schulausfluges in Ruanda im Kivu-See im Westen des Landes gebadet hatten. Nach Rückkehr nach Deutschland erkrankte einer der Schüler an einer akuten Schistosomiasis (Katayama-Syndrom), was die Untersuchung und Therapie der anderen Schüler zur Folge hatte.
Ergebnisse Die bei der Erstvorstellung erhobenen positiven Antikörperresultate wiesen bei allen Schülern auf eine Schistosoma-Infektion hin. Bei 9 Patienten bestand eine Eosinophilie im Differenzialblutbild, bei 3 Patienten wurden Eier von S. mansoni im Stuhl nachgewiesen. 11 der 12 Schüler waren bei der Vorstellung in unserer Ambulanz asymptomatisch. Alle Patienten erhielten eine ambulante Therapie mit Praziquantel und eine 12-monatige Nachsorge.
Diskussion Fernreisen in tropische Regionen werden immer häufiger, schulische und universitäre Partnerschaften, sowie humanitäre Einsätze führen bereits junge Menschen in Entwicklungsländer. Tropenspezifische Erkrankungen werden in Zukunft aufgrund der hohen globalen Mobilität in nicht-endemischen Ländern zunehmen. Für deren Prävention und Diagnostik ist eine über die Spezialambulanzen hinausgehende Sensibilisierung der Ärzteschaft erforderlich. Die Erkrankung verläuft häufig asymptomatisch, eine Dunkelziffer an nicht erkannten Infektionen kann daher nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Bei dem Verdacht oder der Behandlung einer Schistosomiasis sollte immer ein spezialisiertes Zentrum hinzugezogen werden.
Differenzialdiagnostik nicht-entzündlicher Gelenkschmerzen/-schwellungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Hügle Boris 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungMuskuloskelettale Symptome der Gelenke sind ein häufiger Grund für Vorstellungen beim Kinderarzt, für die betroffenen Kinder jedoch nicht selten schwer zu beschreiben. Der untersuchende Arzt muss dann erkennen, ob die Gelenkschmerzen durch eine entzündliche oder nicht-entzündliche Erkrankung verursacht werden. Eine sorgfältige Anamnese kann wertvolle Hinweise auf die zugrundeliegende Ursache geben, die durch die körperliche Untersuchung weiter eingeengt werden kann. Insbesondere das Alter, das Schmerzmuster mit Tagesrhythmik und die Begleitsymptome sowie der Allgemeinzustand des Kindes helfen dem geübten Untersucher rasch weiter. Auch wenn das Spektrum der nicht-entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen weit und die Liste v. a. seltener Differenzialdiagnosen lang ist, lohnt es sich, einen Überblick über die häufigsten Ursachen zu behalten, um rasch zielgerichtete Untersuchungen zu veranlassen und überflüssige Diagnostik zu vermeiden. Wichtige Bereiche, die in die differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen einbezogen werden, sind v. a. maligne Erkrankungen, orthopädische Erkrankungen und chronische Schmerzstörungen. Aber auch alimentäre und andere Erkrankungen können im Kindesalter zu Gelenk- und Muskelschmerzen führen.
Therapierefraktäres atopisches Ekzem − erfolgreiche Therapie mit Dupilumab
Authors: Meinel G. , Berndt K. , Heyne S. , Laske J. , Proske U. , Günther C. , Abraham S. , Beissert S. , Bauer A. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungBis vor Kurzem standen zur Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis, im Gegensatz zur Psoriasis vulgaris, keine Biologika zur Verfügung, sodass die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten, insbesondere bei schweren Verläufen und fehlendem Ansprechen auf die bisher einzige zugelassene Systemtherapie mit Ciclosporin A, sehr begrenzt waren. Mit Dupilumab ist seit Januar 2018 erstmals ein Biologikum zur Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis zugelassen. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen vollständig humanen monoklonalen Antikörper gegen die Alpha-Untereinheit des Interleukin (IL)-4-Rezeptors, wodurch die IL-4/IL-13-Signalwege gehemmt werden. Hier beschreiben wir den Fall eines 46-jährigen asiatischen Patienten mit einer schweren therapierefraktären atopischen Dermatitis sowie einer nebenbefundlich bestehenden eosinophilen pustulösen Follikulitis und den Verlauf seiner Erkrankung unter Dupilumab.
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events with Aspirin: Toward More Harm than Benefit—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Christiansen Mikael , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Hvas Anne-Mette 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrimary prevention of cardiovascular events with aspirin remains controversial, as the risk of bleeding might outweigh the benefits. Recently, new evidence has emerged from the ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events), ASCEND (A Study of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes), and ASPREE (Effect of Aspirin on Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding in the Healthy Elderly) trials. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of aspirin's efficacy and safety in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in healthy individuals and in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, and separately in those with diabetes. The Medline database was searched, without time restrictions, for relevant human trials published in English up to December 10, 2018, and additional trials were identified from reference lists. Data on efficacy (cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction) and safety (major bleeding) were extracted for analysis. In total, 20 randomized trials were identified. Separate meta-analyses were performed on 10 trials including 144,930 individuals, who were healthy or had cardiovascular risk factors, and on 4 trials including 20,326 individuals with diabetes. In healthy individuals and individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, aspirin reduced the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction by 21% (p < 0.001), but had no effect on cardiovascular death (p = 0.52), and increased the risk of major bleeding by 48% (p < 0.001). In individuals with diabetes, aspirin had no effect on nonfatal myocardial infarction (p = 0.93) or cardiovascular death (p = 0.92) and increased the risk of bleeding by 49% (p = 0.13). This meta-analysis suggests that aspirin should not be used on a routine basis in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events, especially in individuals with diabetes.
Statin Therapy to Revert Hypercoagulability and Prevent Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review
Authors: Orsi Fernanda A. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Lijfering Willem M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) causes a major disease burden worldwide, so that effective preventive measures are warranted. Although oral anticoagulation is effective in preventing VTE episodes, bleeding complications are a major concern that may lead to treatment avoidance. Statin therapy, which is widely used for prevention of arterial cardiovascular disease, is a promising alternative treatment for VTE prophylaxis, as the drug may affect hemostasis without increasing the risk of bleeding. In the past years, clinical studies have suggested that statins can interfere with blood coagulation and, in turn, reduce the risk of VTE. These effects, however, are still regarded with skepticism, as the underlying mechanisms by which statins may affect hemostasis in humans are not clear and data showing that statin therapy reduces VTE risk mostly came from observational studies, while only one randomized trial was conducted to evaluate this issue. In this review, the authors summarize the currently available evidence regarding the effect of statin therapy on coagulation and on VTE prevention. Recent randomized data showed that statin therapy, in particular rosuvastatin, leads to decreased levels of coagulation factors in patients with prior VTE. This evidence provides a reasonable basis for interventional studies necessary to establish the efficacy of statins on reducing the risk of incident and recurrent VTE.
Functionalized benzazines as luminescent materials and components for optoelectronics
Authors: Nosova Emiliya V. , Achelle Sylvain , Lipunova Galina N. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: May 2019

Extensive research on the synthesis and application of benzazine derivatives for electronic devices, luminescent elements, photoelectric conversion elements, and image sensors has been published recently. This review covers article data obtained within the period 2012 – 2018 on the synthesis and optical properties of functionalized quinolines, quinoxalines and quinazolines. Arylvinyl, arylethynyl and (het)aryl derivatives of these benzazines, their photoluminescence and photoisomerization are discussed. Examples of photosensitive annelated, oligo- and polymeric benzazines and also coordination compounds with benzazine ligands are reviewed.
The bibliography includes 267 references.