bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of alcohol marketing in Australia: A critical review of the Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code Scheme's new Placement Rules
Authors: Pierce Hannah , Stafford Julia , Pettigrew Simone , Kameron Caitlin , Keric Danica , Pratt Iain S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsRules concerning the placement of alcohol advertisements (Placement Rules) were added to the industry‐managed Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code Scheme in November 2017. This study aimed to critically review the Placement Rules and evaluate their ability to effectively regulate the placement of alcohol marketing and provide safeguards for young people in Australia.Design and MethodsAn established framework for evaluating the design of an effective self‐regulatory system was applied to the substantive content of the Placement Rules and associated regulatory processes. Publicly available documents, including recent Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code Scheme determinations, informed the review.ResultsThe objectives and key terms of the Placement Rules are inadequately defined and narrow in scope, resulting in the dismissal of almost all relevant complaints. Weaknesses identified in the regulatory processes include limited representation from external stakeholders in the development of the Placement Rules, a lack of transparency and independence in the Scheme's administration, and limited monitoring and enforcement options.Discussion and ConclusionsThe Placement Rules are unlikely to reduce young people's exposure to alcohol marketing and hence fail to meet public health objectives. This review adds to the body of literature that demonstrates that industry‐managed systems fail to effectively regulate alcohol marketing. Government intervention is needed if young people's wellbeing is to be prioritised.
Chameleons: The Misuse of Theoretical Models in Finance and Economics
Authors: Pfleiderer Paul 
Published: October 2018

In this paper I discuss how theoretical models in finance and economics are used in ways that make them ‘chameleons’, and how chameleons devalue the intellectual currency and muddy policy debates. A model becomes a chameleon when it is built on assumptions with dubious connections to the real world but nevertheless has conclusions that are uncritically (or not critically enough) applied to understanding our economy. I discuss how chameleons are created and nurtured by the mistaken notion that one should not judge a model by its assumptions, by the unfounded argument that models should have equal standing until definitive empirical tests are conducted, and by misplaced appeals to ‘as if’ arguments, mathematical elegance, subtlety, assumptions that are ‘standard in the literature’, and the need for tractability.
The critical importance of an undammed river segment to the reproductive cycle of a migratory Neotropical fish
Authors: Lopes João de Magalhães , Pompeu Paulo Santos , Alves Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas , Peressin Alexandre , Prado Ivo Gavião , Suzuki Fábio Mineo , Facchin Susanne , Kalapothakis Evanguedes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiotelemetry, ichthyoplankton and genetic data can provide detailed information about the migratory dynamics and reproductive cycle of freshwater fishes. However, few studies have combined these techniques in Neotropical systems. The objective of this study was to examine the migratory and reproductive dynamics of Prochilodus costatus in the São Francisco River watershed, south‐east Brazil, by comparing the ecological importance of two rivers to the species, an undammed segment of the São Francisco River and a dammed segment of one of its main tributaries, the Pará River. In total, 215 fish were radio‐tagged over three years (2014–16). Eggs and larvae were sampled at seven locations and analysed by PCR to identify Prochilodus spp. ichthyoplankton. Most radio‐tagged individuals (97%) used the undammed segment of the São Francisco River as spawning migration route, even those captured and released in the Pará River. Fish migrated to spawn from late September to late November with the arrival of the rains and returned to feeding sites from December to May after spawning. The highest densities of fish eggs and larvae were recorded in the upper reaches of the São Francisco River during months of peak river discharge. Returning fish showed high fidelity to sites occupied before spawning migration. Fish spent roughly 71% of the year at feeding sites, 25% at spawning sites and 4% moving between them. This study provides novel information about the migratory dynamics of Neotropical fishes and underscores the key role of undammed river segments for the conservation of Neotropical migratory fish species.
Molecular pathogenesis of acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Boddu Prajwal C. , Kadia Tapan M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe application of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enhanced our understanding of the genetic landscape in acquired aplastic anemia (AA). Parallel progress has been in addressing aspects underlying immune dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. Novel insights into the molecular and biologic mechanisms have led to a shift in the paradigm of AA, from a solely autoimmune pathogenic concept toward its recognition as a multifaceted pathophysiology characterized by cytogenetic abnormalities, recurrent somatic mutations, telomere attrition, and immune dysregulation. The detection of recurrent driver mutations disrupting myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML)‐associated genes has suggested a pathophysiologic link between clonal hematopoiesis in AA and the later development of these clonal disorders. Further, certain AA‐related somatic genetic alterations may have clinical implications on treatment response, disease progression, and survival following immunosuppressive therapy. Going forward, wider validation of these genetic abnormalities will allow for their incorporation into a more informative risk stratification system that does not rely solely on clinical factors.
Key Design Elements of Building Pressure Cycling for Evaluating Vapor Intrusion—A Literature Review
Authors: Lutes Christopher C. , Holton Chase W. , Truesdale Robert , Zimmerman John H. , Schumacher Brian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBuilding pressure cycling (BPC) is becoming an increasingly important tool for studying vapor intrusion. BPC has been used to distinguish subslab and indoor sources of vapor intrusion as well as to define reasonable worst case volatile organic compound mass discharge into a structure. Analyses have been performed both semi‐quantitatively with concentration trends and quantitatively with more rigorous flux calculation and source attribution methods. This paper reviews and compares the protocols and outcomes from multiple published applications of this technology to define the key variables that control performance. Common lessons learned are identified, including those that help define the range of building size and type to which BPC is applicable. Differences in test protocols are discussed, recognizing that the complexity of the test protocol required depends on the particular objectives of each project. Research gaps are identified and tabulated for future validation studies and applications.
When Mom Has Migraine: An Observational Study of the Impact of Parental Migraine on Adolescent Children
Authors: Seng Elizabeth K. , Mauser Emily D. , Marzouk Maya , Patel Zarine S. , Rosen Noah , Buse Dawn C. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe current study aimed to describe the impact of parental migraine on adolescent children (aged 11–17) living at home with a parent with migraine.BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that migraine impacts the family members of people with migraine. However, there has been little research to evaluate the perspective of the child of a parent with migraine.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study included parents who met International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for migraine and their 11–17‐year‐old children currently living with the parent with migraine recruited from neurologist offices and online. Parents completed measures of demographics, a diagnostic migraine criteria screener, parental illness impact (Parental Illness Impact Survey – Revised; subscales = Burden of Daily Help, Emotional Impact, Social Impact, Communication and Understanding, Impact on Personal Future, Friends Reactions, Parent/Child Relationship, and Global Well‐Being), migraine‐related disability (MIDAS), headache attack frequency, and headache attack pain intensity. Children completed measures of demographics, parental illness impact, and a migraine diagnostic screener if applicable.ResultsChildren (n = 40) reported the greatest impact of their parent’s migraine on the Global Well‐Being (M = 3.3, SD = 0.9) and Parent/Child Relationship (M = 3.5, SD = 0.6) subscales. There were no significant differences between the average child and parent rating of parental migraine impact on children. Correlations between parent and child ratings of parental migraine impact were strongest for the Social Impact subscale (ρ = 0.55, P < .001), and non‐significant for the Parent/Child Relationship (ρ = 0.13, P = .416) and Friends Reactions (ρ = 0.18, P = .257) subscales. Higher attack frequency and endorsing severe disability on the MIDAS were associated with higher child‐rated impact (eg, lower scores) on Global Well‐Being (frequency ρ = −0.35, P = .028; MIDAS t(38) = 2.74, P = .009) and Impact on Personal Future (frequency ρ = −0.41, P = .009; MIDAS t(35.7) = 2.49, P = .017) subscales. Higher attack pain intensity was associated with higher child‐rated impact (eg, lower scores) on Burden of Daily Help (r = −0.34, P = .031) and Emotional Impact (r = −0.40, P = .010). Over half of children (23/40, 57.5%) reported some kind of service or intervention to help them manage the impact of their parent’s migraine on their lives would be helpful.ConclusionsParental migraine impacts children aged 11–17 living in the home, particularly in the domains of global well‐being and the parent/child relationship. Parent and child reports are not strongly correlated across all domains of parental impact.
A review of the occurrence of inter‐colony segregation of seabird foraging areas and the implications for marine environmental impact assessment
Authors: Bolton Mark , Conolly Georgia , Carroll Matthew , Wakefield Ewan. D. , Caldow Richard 
Published: October 2018

Understanding the determinants of species’ distributions is a fundamental aim in ecology and a prerequisite for conservation but is particularly challenging in the marine environment. Advances in bio‐logging technology have resulted in a rapid increase in studies of seabird movement and distribution in recent years. Multi‐colony studies examining the effects of intra‐ and inter‐colony competition on distribution have found that several species exhibit inter‐colony segregation of foraging areas, rather than overlapping distributions. These findings are timely given the increasing rate of human exploitation of marine resources and the need to make robust assessments of likely impacts of proposed marine developments on biodiversity. Here we review the occurrence of foraging area segregation reported by published tracking studies in relation to the density‐dependent hinterland (DDH) model, which predicts that segregation occurs in response to inter‐colony competition, itself a function of colony size, distance from the colony and prey distribution. We found that inter‐colony foraging area segregation occurred in 79% of 39 studies. The frequency of occurrence was similar across the four seabird orders for which data were available, and included species with both smaller (10–100 km) and larger (100–1000 km) foraging ranges. Many predictions of the DDH model were confirmed, with examples of segregation in response to high levels of inter‐colony competition related to colony size and proximity, and enclosed landform restricting the extent of available habitat. Moreover, as predicted by the DDH model, inter‐colony overlap tended to occur where birds aggregated in highly productive areas, often remote from all colonies. The apparent prevalence of inter‐colony foraging segregation has important implications for assessment of impacts of marine development on protected seabird colonies. If a development area is accessible from multiple colonies, it may impact those colonies much more asymmetrically than previously supposed. Current impact assessment approaches that do not consider spatial inter‐colony segregation will therefore be subject to error. We recommend the collection of tracking data from multiple colonies and modelling of inter‐colony interactions to predict colony‐specific distributions.
Functional and thermorheological properties of rice flour gels for gluten‐free pasta applications
Authors: Fradinho Patrícia , Sousa Isabel , Raymundo Anabela 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBased on the European Commission directives on circular economy, this work explores the functional and thermorheological properties of rice flour from broken kernels, a by‐product from the rice industry, in order to evaluate its possible use in food applications, back into the value chain. Chemical and hydration properties of two rice varieties (Guiana – Indica spp, Ariete – Japonica spp) were accessed, as well as the impact of the rice variety on the texture and viscoelasticity of rice flour gels (6–26%). Both rice varieties presented statistically different physicochemical properties (protein, lipid and amylose contents), and hydration properties that support the distinct texture and rheology behaviour of gels obtained. Rheology results suggested the formation of a gel‐network structure with high frequency dependence, especially at lower rice concentrations. Texture results suggest that both rice varieties could be suited for development of gluten‐free products that require pre‐gelatinised starch, such as pasta. The effect of gelatinised rice flour (10–25%) and gelatinised flour/rice flour ratio (40:60, 50:50, 60:40) on the physical properties and cooking quality of pasta were assessed. Better overall cooking quality and texture properties were obtained for the formulation with 20% gelatinised rice flour and 50:50 rice gel:rice flour ratio.
Survival and predictors of outcome among patients with decompensated liver disease in a non‐liver transplant intensive care unit. Pessimism is historical and unjustified
Authors: Sadick Victoria , Bowcock Emma , Lane Stuart , Seppelt Ian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent literature emanating from the United Kingdom and United States has reported decreasing mortality rates in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and organ failures presenting to the intensive care unit (ICU).AimTo determine if there were comparable outcomes in a single‐centre non‐transplant unit in Australia.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary, non‐liver transplant unit in Sydney, Australia. Admission data and mortality outcomes were collected from patients with cirrhosis non‐electively admitted to ICU between 2013 and 2017. Liver‐specific and general intensive care scoring tools were also assessed for their discriminative ability to predict short‐term prognostic outcomes.ResultsSixty‐three patients were admitted with decompensated liver disease who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall hospital mortality was 37% (95% CI: 0.26–0.49). There was no difference in survival based on aetiology of liver disease (P = 0.96) but a significant difference was found based on the presenting diagnosis, with greater survival among patients diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy on ICU admission (P = 0.02). There was 4% mortality in patients with no organ failure and 52% mortality in those with ≥3 organs in failure (P < 0.001). The ICU prognostic Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was the better discriminative tool in predicting short‐term outcomes when compared to liver prognostic scores.ConclusionThe outcomes of this single‐centre Australian study align with current overseas literature. These results reinforce and expand on limited local evidence, corroborating the former universal prognostic pessimism towards cirrhotic patients with organ failure as unwarranted.
Nursing students’ perception of the professional nurse's role in four European countries
Authors: Marcinowicz L. , Andersson E.K. , Bohman D.M. , Hjelm M. , Skarbalienė A. , Shpakou A. , Kalinowska P. , Jamiolkowski J. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundUnderstanding how nursing students in European countries perceive their future professional role is an important step in creating awareness of the diversity and similarities between countries. Investigating nursing students’ perceptions of their future profession could help in the design of education and the retention of nurses.AimTo compare nursing students’ perceptions of the professional nurse's role between Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden.MethodA cross‐sectional design was implemented. The study used two scales of the Professional Nursing Image Survey, which has questions about 10 skills and abilities and 14 functions and duties of a nurse.ResultsA total of 392 final‐year nursing students in four countries participated in the study. Statistically significant differences were found between countries in terms of all 10 skills and abilities and in the distribution of responses concerning functions and duties of a nurse.ConclusionsNursing students in Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden perceive differently the role of a nurse in terms of some functions and responsibilities. This may influence the adaptation of nurses who enjoy freedom of movement among the countries.Implications for nursing policyThe knowledge gained in this study could be beneficial in improving nursing education, as it could illuminate the discrepancy between educational goals and students’ perceptions of their future professional role.
A knowledge hierarchy in labour and welfare services? Evidence‐based and practice‐based knowledge in frontline service innovation
Authors: Breit Eric , Fossestøl Knut , Pedersen Eirin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough policy‐makers and scholars have directed increasing attention towards collaborative innovation and knowledge development between frontline agencies and workers and other stakeholders such as citizens and researchers, empirical research has not focused on the (varying) assessment of collaborators regarding what knowledge is “appropriate” to develop. In this article, we examine such knowledge assessments by drawing on a comparative case study of two local innovation projects conducted by the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV) in a four‐year service innovation programme. Although they responded to the same call, the projects involved development of two very distinct types of knowledge; one dealt with practice‐based knowledge and the other with evidence‐based knowledge. We show that whereas the former knowledge type was contested and difficult to transform into practice, the latter prompted few (if any) challenges and was implemented on a relatively large scale. These two projects point to the possible existence of a hierarchy of knowledge in labour and welfare services, where evidence‐based forms of knowledge and methods are regarded as more legitimate and appropriate than forms of knowledge placed “lower” in the hierarchy. We discuss the reasons for and implications of this apparent hierarchy of knowledge for frontline labour and welfare services.
Co‐production and social innovation in street‐level employability services: Lessons from services with lone parents in Scotland
Authors: Lindsay Colin , Pearson Sarah , Batty Elaine , Cullen Anne Marie , Eadson Will 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe United Kingdom, as an exemplar liberal welfare state, has been characterized as in the vanguard of “work‐first” activation – deploying high levels of compulsion and standardized employability services that seek to move people from welfare to work as quickly as possible. However, despite the extension of welfare conditionality to excluded groups such as lone parents, government‐led, work‐first employability programmes have often proved ineffective at assisting the most vulnerable to escape poverty or even just to progress in the labour market. We argue that alternative approaches, defined by co‐production and social innovation, have the potential to be more successful. We draw on a study of local services targeting lone parents led by third sector–public sector partnerships in five localities in Scotland. Our research identifies a link between programme governance and management (defined by co‐governance and collaborative partnership‐working) and co‐produced street‐level services that deliver benefits in terms of social innovation and employability. We draw on 90 interviews with lone parents, and more than 100 interviews with delivery stakeholders and street‐level workers, to identify factors associated with positive social and employability outcomes. The article concludes by identifying potential lessons for the governance and delivery of future services targeting vulnerable groups.
Activating the most disadvantaged youth in Switzerland: Administratively too risky, politically too costly?
Authors: Pisoni Delia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo increase the chances of integrating youth into labour markets in contemporary European knowledge societies, many policy schemes are geared towards investing in youth's human capital. Since apprenticeship systems are assumed to ease school‐to‐work transitions, this seems a particularly promising avenue. However, research highlights that social policies often do not reach the most disadvantaged members of society. The aim of this article is to shed light on the reasons and mechanisms causing this phenomenon, called the Matthew effect, through a single, embedded case study of a vocational education and training programme for disadvantaged youth in Switzerland. The findings highlight cream‐skimming practices as a coping strategy enabling frontline workers to satisfy strict assessment criteria. A budgetary allocation driven politico‐administrative logic promotes such practices as a means to generate solid results, so as to safeguard political – and thus financial – support.
Engaging middle school students in scientific practice with a collaborative mobile game
Authors: Bressler Denise M. , Bodzin Alec M. , Tutwiler Michael Shane 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrevious research using collaborative mobile augmented reality games in science education revealed that such games can be used to promote learner engagement and have found that engagement in such mobile games is related to flow. This study investigated whether player's flow experience differed by achievement track, gender, or gender composition of working groups. In an urban school district, 202 students from two eighth‐grade science classes participated in a collaborative mobile science game. Data included a self‐report survey collected after the game that measured player's flow experience. Using a regression model, the relationship of flow experience with achievement track and gender was explored while controlling for group composition and teacher effects. The study found that gender was related to flow experience; specifically, girls reported higher flow experience scores (d = 0.30). Flow experience did not have a statistically significant relationship with achievement track showing that the activity engaged all observed students similarly.