bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global climate change and invariable photoperiods: A mismatch that jeopardizes animal fitness
Authors: Walker William H. , Meléndez‐Fernández Olga Hecmarie , Nelson Randy J. , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Earth's surface temperature is rising, and precipitation patterns throughout the Earth are changing; the source of these shifts is likely anthropogenic in nature. Alterations in temperature and precipitation have obvious direct and indirect effects on both plants and animals. Notably, changes in temperature and precipitation alone can have both advantageous and detrimental consequences depending on the species. Typically, production of offspring is timed to coincide with optimal food availability; thus, individuals of many species display annual rhythms of reproductive function. Because it requires substantial time to establish or re‐establish reproductive function, individuals cannot depend on the arrival of seasonal food availability to begin breeding; thus, mechanisms have evolved in many plants and animals to monitor and respond to day length in order to anticipate seasonal changes in the environment. Over evolutionary time, there has been precise fine‐tuning of critical photoperiod and onset/offset of seasonal adaptations. Climate change has provoked changes in the availability of insects and plants which shifts the timing of optimal reproduction. However, adaptations to the stable photoperiod may be insufficiently plastic to allow a shift in the seasonal timing of bird and mammal breeding. Coupled with the effects of light pollution which prevents these species from determining day length, climate change presents extreme evolutionary pressure that can result in severe deleterious consequences for individual species reproduction and survival. This review describes the effects of climate change on plants and animals, defines photoperiod and the physiological events it regulates, and addresses the consequences of global climate change and a stable photoperiod.
Heart failure around the world
Authors: Tromp Jasper , Ferreira João Pedro , Janwanishstaporn Satit , Shah Monica , Greenberg Barry , Zannad Faiez , Lam Carolyn S.P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith increasingly large sample sizes required to demonstrate event reduction, heart failure outcome trials are no longer being performed in a small group of selected patients and countries, but at a global scale with worldwide contribution of patients from countries with considerable differences in background therapy, socioeconomic status and healthcare practices. Recent studies have highlighted how socioeconomic determinants rather than geographical factors may underlie the heterogeneity of patient populations across the globe. Therefore, in this review, we evaluated (i) regional differences in patient characteristics and outcomes in recent epidemiologic studies; (ii) regional differences in worldwide representativeness of clinical trial populations; and (iii) the role of socioeconomic determinants in driving country differences in heart failure trial enrolment and clinical outcomes.
Commentary regarding: “Activity determination of FAD‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase immobilized in PEDOT: PSS‐PVA composite films for biosensor applications”
Authors: Walz Anna‐Lena , Liebl Lana , Schmitt Katrin , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the light of continuous improvement and optimization, recent experiments that the authors conducted give new insights into the applied evaluation method of Riegel et al. [1]: Thorough investigations of the previous results regarding the usage of the Lowry Assay showed discrepancies in the determination of the released amount of protein in the analysis solution. The accurate quantification of this parameter is crucial as it directly influences the calculation of the residual enzymatic activity. In concrete terms, this finding has a major impact on the presented and discussed results in the article “Activity determination of FAD‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase immobilized in PEDOT: PSS‐PVA composite films for biosensor applications” [1]. Thus, this commentary addresses the new insights concerning the applied evaluation method, explains necessary revisions and discusses new conclusions derived from the adjusted evaluation method.
H2, H∞, H2/H∞, and μ‐synthesis controllers for the speed and temperature control of a real gas turbine unit in a combined cycle power plant
Authors: Haji Haji Vahab , Fekih Afef , Monje Concepción Alicia , Fakhri Asfestani Ramin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper designs, implements, and compares the performance of a H2, H∞, H2/H∞, and μ‐synthesis approach for a V94.2 gas turbine mounted in Damavand combined cycle power plant. The controllers are designed to maintain the speed and exhaust temperature within their desired intervals and to ensure the robust performance of the gas turbine power plant (GTPP) in the presence of uncertainties and load demand variations. A linear model of the GTPP is first estimated using V94.2 gas turbine real‐time data and an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) identification approach, and then verified by residual analysis tests and steady‐state performance. The H2, H∞, H2/H∞, and μ‐synthesis controllers are then designed and implemented to the ARX model of the GTPP. The performance of the approaches is assessed and compared in terms of tracking capability, robustness, and transient performance. Additionally, the controllers' performance is compared to that of a conventional PID approach. Despite the slight variations in the performance, all the controllers exhibited robust stability and good overall performance in the presence of model uncertainties and load variations.
Simulation and partial prototyping of an eight‐junction holographic spectrum‐splitting photovoltaic module
Authors: Darbe Sunita , Escarra Matthew D. , Warmann Emily C. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpectrum‐splitting photovoltaics incorporate optical elements to separate sunlight into frequency bands, which can be targeted at solar cells with bandgaps optimized for each sub‐band. Here, we present the design of a holographic diffraction grating‐based spectrum‐splitting photovoltaic module integrating eight III‐V compound semiconductor cells as four dual‐junction tandems. Four stacks of simple sinusoidal volume phase holographic diffraction gratings each simultaneously split and concentrate sunlight onto cells with bandgaps spanning the solar spectrum. The high‐efficiency cells get an additional performance boost from concentration incorporated using a single or a compound trough concentrator, providing up to 380X total concentration. Cell bandgap optimization incorporated an experimentally derived bandgap‐dependent external radiative efficiency function. Simulations show 33.2% module conversion efficiency is achievable. One grating stack is experimentally fabricated and characterized.
Dementia literacy in Western Pacific countries: A mixed methods study
Authors: Leung Angela Yee Man , Leung Sau Fong , Ho Grace W.K. , Bressington Daniel , Molassiotis Alex , Lam Claire , Ligot Jason , Valdez Les Paul , Lazalita La. Arnie , Chhit Sophal , Chou Phallyka , Valimaki Maritta 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo examine levels of knowledge about dementia and attitudes towards dementia in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), identify sources to turn to for help, and explore the relationship between knowledge and attitudes.MethodsThis mixed methods study with both quantitative (a cross‐sectional survey) and qualitative (focus group interviews) components was conducted in Cambodia, the Philippines, and Fiji in 2017‐18. A survey was completed by the citizens of the three countries, and two focus group interviews were conducted in each country to generate a context‐specific understanding of dementia literacy within the local LMIC setting. The quantitative component utilized the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale and the Dementia Attitude Scale, while knowledge, attitudes, and views on seeking help for dementia was discussed in the focus group interviews (qualitative component).ResultsA total of 476 participants completed the survey. Another 54 participants (39 females and 15 males) were invited to join six focus group interviews to express their views on dementia. Positive attitudes were noted despite the level of dementia knowledge was low. Families and religious figures were viewed as the sources for help. Controlling for demographics, country‐specific predictors of positive attitudes towards dementia were found.ConclusionsThe involvement of family members and religious leaders in dementia education could enhance the recognition of dementia. Specific kinds of dementia knowledge should be targeted to educate the public in different countries.
Rituximab in primary central nervous system lymphoma—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schmitt Andreas M. , Herbrand Amanda K. , Fox Christopher P. , Bakunina Katerina , Bromberg Jacoline E.C. , Cwynarski Kate , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Ferreri Andrés J.M. , Illerhaus Gerald , Issa Samar , Schorb Elisabeth , Zucca Emanuele , Hemkens Lars G. , Schandelmaier Stefan , Kasenda Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe CD‐20 antibody rituximab is a standard component of treatment of non‐Hodgkin B‐cell lymphomas, including diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Primary DLBCL of the central nervous system, also called primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), is a DLBCL confined to the central nervous system. There has been debate whether intravenous rituximab accumulates sufficiently in the central nervous system to exert an effect. In this systematic review, we assess the benefits and harms of rituximab in the treatment of immunocompetent patients with PCNSL. By searching MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and ClincialTrials.gov up to March 2019, we identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of rituximab in patients with PCNSL. We extracted study characteristics and results, assessed risk of bias, performed trial‐level random‐effects meta‐analyses, and graded the certainty of evidence. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019121965). Main outcomes were overall survival (time to death), progression‐free survival (time to progression or death), quality of life, grades 3 and 4 toxicity, and treatment‐related mortality. We included two RCTs with a total of 343 participants. Overall survival was not statistically significantly improved (HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.52‐1.12; low certainty), with 187 fewer to 39 more deaths after 2 years in 1000 treated patients. Low certainty of evidence indicated that rituximab improved progression‐free survival (HR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45‐0.95), which translated into 137 fewer progressions or deaths after 2 years in 1000 treated patients (231 to 18 fewer). None of the RCTs provided data on quality of life. We found no evidence that rituximab increased grades 3 and 4 toxicity or treatment‐related mortality (RR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.20‐1.37; low certainty). Overall, the available evidence suggests with low certainty that rituximab in combination with methotrexate‐based chemotherapy may improve progression‐free survival in immunocompetent patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL, the pooled effect estimates did not show evidence for improvement of overall survival.
Response to salinity and temperature changes in the alien Asian copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus introduced in the Black Sea
Authors: Svetlichny Leonid , Hubareva Elena , Khanaychenko Antonina , Uttieri Marco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe salinity tolerance and the effect of temperature were studied on the behavior and motor activity of the nonindigenous Indo‐Pacific calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus, first found in Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea) in autumn 2016. According to the index of median lethal salinity (LS50), the salinity tolerance range of adult P. marinus collected at 18.0 psu in November 2016 and subsequently reared in the laboratory amounted to 5.0–44.0 psu, independently of the acclimation regime. Females of P. marinus collected in December 2016 at 12.0°C became torpid at 8.0°C, a value typical of winter–spring Black Sea coastal areas. An increase in temperature from 8.0°C to 27.0°C led to an increase in the beat frequency of mouth appendages, swimming speed, and time spent cruising. However, at the same high temperature, the mean cruising speed in the feeding‐current feeder P. marinus was 2‐fold lower than that of the native, similarly sized cruise feeder Pseudocalanus elongatus. On the contrary, mouthpart beat frequency while cruising was 2‐fold higher reaching 80 Hz, due to the creation of feeding currents in P. marinus. The results of our experiments confirm the euryhaline character of P. marinus, and point to an apparent ability to survive cold temperatures in a torpid state. This suggests the possibility of entering an overwintering stage to survive the adverse cold winter–spring environmental conditions of the Black Sea, similarly to the recent thermophilic Indo‐Pacific invader Oithona davisae which established a successful population in the same area.
Arteriovenous femoral fistula after insertion of leadless pacemaker—A case with an anomaly of the deep femoral artery
Authors: Sahashi Yuki , Takasugi Nobuhiro , Yanagimoto Tatsuma Serge , Endo Susumu , Nakashima Takashi , Okura Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith the increasing number of implanted leadless pacemakers, complications related to the implantation procedure are being reported. We herein report a case of an 87‐year‐old male with an arteriovenous fistula after leadless pacemaker implantation due to an anomaly of the right deep femoral artery (DFA). In this present case, a right DFA arising from the antero‐medial side of the main femoral artery was attributed to this complication.
Cover Image, Volume 99, Issue 12
Authors: Li Yanshen , Sun Mingxue , Mao Xin , Li Juan , Sumarah Mark W , You Yanli , Wang Yunhui 
Published: August 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Tracing major metabolites of quinoxaline‐1,4‐dioxides in abalone with high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem positive‐mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by Yanshen Li et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9819.Cover credit: Cover image © Juan Li, Jacob P. Walsh and Yanshen Li Images.
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Evaluation of historical and future wetland degradation using remote sensing imagery and land use modeling
Authors: Hu Tangao , Liu Jiahong , Zheng Gang , Zhang Dengrong , Huang Kangning 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, rapid urbanization and climate change have led to the degradation of many coastal wetlands, impairing their ecosystem functions and services. However, few studies have analyzed how these historical degradation trends will continue into the future, especially in rapidly developing regions. Here, we quantified the long‐term wetland degradation from 1984 to 2016 in Hangzhou Bay and then developed land use simulation models to predict the spatial locations of wetland degradation to 2046 under different scenarios. Key findings include the following: (a) there was a statistically significant decreasing trend for the natural wetlands of ~10 km2 yr−1 on average from 1984 to 2016; (b) after the establishment of an economic development zone in 2001, the degradation rate more than quadrupled, accelerating from ~4 to ~18 km2 yr−1; and (c) if the high degradation rate continues (the economic development scenario), then the coastline will move approximately 5.89 km inland, significantly undermining the protections against sea level rise. In contrast, in the wetland protection scenarios, the projected degradation could be mitigated by ~20%. The proposed framework to reveal the key historical drivers of degradation and potential future protection strategies of wetlands provides much needed insights and tools for protection of other coastal wetlands undergoing rapid development.
Lateral dispersion of dye and drifters in the center of a very large lake
Authors: Choi Jun , Troy Cary , Hawley Nathan , McCormick Michael , Wells Mathew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo better understand lateral dispersion of buoyant and nonbuoyant pollutants within the surface waters of large lakes, two lateral dispersion experiments were carried out in Lake Michigan during the stratified period: (1) a dye tracking experiment lasting 1 d; and (2) a drifter tracking experiment lasting 24 d. Both the dye patch and drifters were surface‐released at the center of Lake Michigan's southern basin. Near‐surface shear induced by near‐inertial Poincaré waves partially explains elevated dye dispersion rates (1.5–4.2 m2 s−1). During the largely windless first 5 d of the drifter release, the drifters exhibited nearly scale‐independent dispersion (
K ∼ L0.2), with an average dispersion coefficient of 0.14 m2 s−1. Scale‐dependent drifter dispersion ensued after 5 d, with
K ∼ L1.09 and corresponding dispersion coefficients of 0.3–2.0 m2 s−1 for length scales L = 1500–8000 m. The largest drifter dispersion rates were found to be associated with lateral shear‐induced spreading along a thermal front. Comparisons with other systems show a wide range of spreading rates for large lakes, and larger rates in both the ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, which may be caused by the relative absence of submesoscale processes in offshore Lake Michigan.
Poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethane) Microspheres with Intrinsic Excitation Wavelength Tunable Multicolor Photoluminescence
Authors: Basharat Majid , Liu Wei , Zhang Shuangkun , Abbas Yasir , Wu Zhanpeng , Wu Dezhen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFunctional photoluminescent materials with a tunable multicolor emission without incorporation of metals is the current focus on luminescent materials due to their multifaceted applications. Herein, novel poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethane) microspheres are synthesized with size distribution of ≈0.8–1.6 µm by reacting hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethane at different molar ratios under facile conditions. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the microspheres are highly thermally stable with 10% weight loss at around 500 °C. Fluorescence microscopy results show that the microspheres emit three blue, green, and red colors with an emission maximum at 487, 530, and 623 nm under different excitation wavelengths of 365, 420, and 546 nm, respectively. Furthermore, under UV and visible (365 and 420 nm) excitations, microspheres demonstrate extraordinary photobleaching stability and highly intense luminescence for expending time and repeating excitations. The microspheres also demonstrate semiconductor‐like optical absorption at 235–285 nm with a tail extended to 700 nm. This exploration provides an insight for the preparation of intrinsic superior wavelength tunable multicolor emission materials from phosphazene. These microspheres are potential candidates for anti‐counterfeits, solar cells, full spectrum fluorescence emitters, organic light emitting diodes, biological, catalysis applications and unlock new areas of research on multicolor photoluminescence.
A note on the Schrödinger smoothing effect
Authors: Seo Ihyeok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Kato–Yajima smoothing estimate is a smoothing weighted L2 estimate with a singular power weight for the Schrödinger propagator. The weight has been generalized relatively recently to Morrey–Campanato weights. In this paper we make this generalization more sharp in terms of the so‐called Kerman–Sawyer weights. Our result is based on a more sharpened Fourier restriction estimate in a weighted L2 space. Obtained results are also extended to the fractional Schrödinger propagator.
Gene expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 promotion of osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Yuan Yashuai , Duan Ruimeng , Wu Baolin , Huang Wei , Zhang Xiuzhi , Qu Mingjia , Liu Tao , Yu Xiaobing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of IGF‐1 on proliferation, mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis, and gene expression of osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts cells, and to explore gene expression profiling differential genes.MethodsMC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts cells were cultured in medium with or without IGF‐1. The ALP assay was employed to determine the osteoblast mineralization, and Alizarin red S to stain for calcium deposits, which were the indicators of mature osteocytes. The living cell number was assessed by the Cell Counting Kit‐8 method. RNA‐seq analysis was applied to identify genes that were differentially expressed in with or without IGF‐1 as well as genes that varied between these two groups. The expression of osteogenic marker genes was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis.ResultThe cell number of osteoblasts exposed to IGF‐1 at 200 μg/L significantly increased compared with the control group. The ALP activity in IGF‐1‐treated cells was higher than that in the control group. IGF‐1 can increase ALP synthesis in osteoblasts in vitro. RNA‐seq analysis showed that 677 triggered differentially expressed genes by IGF, of which 383 genes were downregulated and 294 genes were upregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that IGF‐1 caused a significant change in gene expression patterns.ConclusionsThis result suggested that IGF‐1 could probably promote the synthesis of organic matrix and mineralize action of bone. Osteogenic‐related genes (DMP1, PHEX, SOST, BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, and OCN) were significantly upregulated both in GO analysis and in pathway analysis to perform qRT‐PCR. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the Notch pathway was highly upregulated in MC3T3‐E1 cells.
Fast multi‐component analysis using a joint sparsity constraint for MR fingerprinting
Authors: Nagtegaal Martijn , Koken Peter , Amthor Thomas , Doneva Mariya 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo develop an efficient algorithm for multi‐component analysis of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) data without making a priori assumptions about the exact number of tissues or their relaxation properties.MethodsDifferent tissues or components within a voxel are potentially separable in MRF because of their distinct signal evolutions. The observed signal evolution in each voxel can be described as a linear combination of the signals for each component with a non‐negative weight. An assumption that only a small number of components are present in the measured field of view is usually imposed in the interpretation of multi‐component data. In this work, a joint sparsity constraint is introduced to utilize this additional prior knowledge in the multi‐component analysis of MRF data. A new algorithm combining joint sparsity and non‐negativity constraints is proposed and compared to state‐of‐the‐art multi‐component MRF approaches in simulations and brain MRF scans of 11 healthy volunteers.ResultsSimulations and in vivo measurements show reduced noise in the estimated tissue fraction maps compared to previously proposed methods. Applying the proposed algorithm to the brain data resulted in 4 or 5 components, which could be attributed to different brain structures, consistent with previous multi‐component MRF publications.ConclusionsThe proposed algorithm is faster than previously proposed methods for multi‐component MRF and the simulations suggest improved accuracy and precision of the estimated weights. The results are easier to interpret compared to voxel‐wise methods, which combined with the improved speed is an important step toward clinical evaluation of multi‐component MRF.