bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of N-(2-methylphenyl)(propan-2-yloxy)carbothioamide, C11H15NOS
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C11H15NOS, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.3979(4) Å, b = 8.5384(4) Å, c = 18.2771(10) Å, β = 90.999(3)°, V = 1154.32(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0409, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1093, T = 100(2) K.
Studies on purification of 89Sr from irradiated yttria target by multi-column extraction chromatography using DtBuCH18-C-6/XAD-7 resin
Authors: Saha Debasish , Vithya Jayagopal , Kumar Ramalingam , Joseph Mathew 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

89Sr is being produced using yttria target via the nuclear reaction 89Y(n,p)89Sr in Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), Kalpakkam. The isotope 89Sr is a pure beta emitter with a half-life of 50.53 days which is useful mainly for bone pain palliation in patients with bone metastases. The existing method for processing the irradiated yttria target to obtain the pure 89Sr source involves separation of the bulk yttrium target by solvent extraction using TBP-HNO3 followed by purification of 89Sr source by cation exchange chromatography technique using Dowex resin. The study described here involves the selective extraction and purification of 89Sr by multi-column extraction chromatography technique using the Sr-specific crown ether, DtBuCH18C6 (CE) coated onto an XAD-7 resin matrix for superior separation and increased yield compared to single column technique. The 89Sr source thus purified from the irradiated yttria target is free from other radionuclidic impurities produced during the target irradiation i.e. 88Y, 65Zn, 139,141Ce, 154Eu and 160Tb.
Removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution using phosphate functionalized bacterial cellulose as efficient adsorbent
Authors: Zhuang Shuting , Wang Jianlong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this study, phosphate functionalized bacterial cellulose with micro-fibrous structure was prepared, characterized and applied for U(VI) adsorption. The successful grafting of phosphoric functional groups was proved by the FTIR spectra and EDS analysis (P~4.15 wt%), and the porous structure was confirmed by SEM and BET analyses. Furthermore, the effect of initial pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature were studied. The as-prepared adsorbent showed a high adsorption capacity at wide pH range (4.0–8.0) and its maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 50.65 mg/g. This endothermic adsorption process conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Elovich kinetic models and the Langmuir isothermal models. According to the FTIR and XPS analysis, an adsorption mechanism was tentatively proposed, mainly due to the interaction between U(VI) and phosphoric groups.
Advances in the applications of graphene adsorbents: from water treatment to soil remediation
Authors: Zhao Lianqin , Yang Sheng-Tao , Yilihamu Ailimire , Wu Deyi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Graphene, a novel carbon allotrope, is single-layered graphite with honeycomb lattice. Its unique structure endows graphene many outstanding physical/chemical properties and a large surface area, which are beneficial to its applications in many areas. The potential applications of graphene in pollution remediation are adsorption, membrane separation, catalysis, environmental analysis, and so on. The adsorption efficiency of graphene adsorbents largely depends on its surface area, porous structure, oxygen-containing groups and other functional groups, adsorption conditions, and also the properties of adsorbates. With appropriate modifications, graphene materials are mostly efficient adsorbents for organic pollutants (e.g. dyes, pesticides, and oils) and inorganic pollutants (e.g. metal ions, nonmetal ions, and gas). Since our first report of graphene adsorbents in 2010, plenty of studies have been dedicated to developing various graphene adsorbents and to evaluating their performance in treating contaminated water. Recently, there is a growing trend in graphene adsorbents that could be applied in soil remediation, where the situation is much more complicated than in aqueous systems. Herein, we review the design of graphene adsorbents for water treatment and analyze their potential in soil remediation. Several suggestions to accelerate the research on graphene-based soil remediation technology are proposed.
Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole-substituted tomentosins
Authors: Zaki Mohamed , Oukhrib Abdelouahd , El Hakmaoui Ahmed , Hiebel Marie-Aude , Berteina-Raboin Sabine , Akssira Mohamed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA series of 1,2,3-triazole-containing tomentosin scaffolds was obtained from tomentosin1. The synthesis involved a Michael addition of trimethylsilylazide on theα-methylene-γ-lactone function of the natural sesquiterpene lactone1to give the diastereoisomers2and3, which were readily separated by column chromatography. These compounds underwent copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with various terminal alkynes to provide compounds4a–hand5a–hin good yields.
Morphology-Combined Gradient Boosting for Recognizing Targets in SAR Images
Authors: Bhardwaj Shubham , Lal Anisha M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article proposes a novel method for recognizing objects in synthetic aperture radar images. The target is initially detected using a proposed morphology-based segmentation process and is further confirmed by classifying the objects. The identified target after the proposed segmentation process is subjected to feature extraction using Zernike moments, which efficiently downsamples the features and makes them rotationally invariant. The features are classified using a tree-based method called gradient boosting. Gradient boosting, by far, has shown very promising results on various kinds of data sets. The main focus is to bring to light this kind of tree-based architecture for target recognition in satellite imagery as well as to propose a framework that reduces the overall time and improves the efficiency of the process. It outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods for this data size. The proposed method is compared with existing techniques to measure and evaluate its performance.
Testing and Evaluation of Tensile and Impact Strength of Neem/Banyan Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composite
Authors: Thandavamoorthy Raja , Palanivel Anand 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites are prime focus materials for numerous engineering applications. In this research work, chopped neem (Azadirachta indica) fibers and bidirectional banyan (Ficus benghalensis) woven fabric-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were fabricated using the conventional hand lay-up technique. Two fibers, namely chopped neem fiber and woven banyan fiber, were stacked in three different sequences. The weight fraction of these two fibers was varied to quantify the strength of the hybrid composite. The mechanical properties, such as tensile, compression, and impact tests, were carried out to quantify the effect of the fiber weight fraction and the stacking sequence of fiber on the strength of the hybrid composite. The increase in 9 % woven banyan fiber weight fraction has a positive influence on the tensile and compressive strengths of the natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites. Further, the stacking sequence of these two fibers has significant influence on the compressive strength of the hybrid composites. The impact energy absorption capacity of the hybrid composite is more significantly increased with an increase in the 9 % chopped neem fiber weight fraction than with an increase in the banyan fiber weight fraction. The scanning electron microscopy surface morphological analysis revealed the dominant mode of failure in the hybrid composites.
Random Chromosome Partitioning in the Polyploid BacteriumThermus thermophilusHB27
Authors: Li Haijuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLittle is known about chromosome segregation in polyploid prokaryotes. In this study, whether stringent or variable chromosome segregation occurs in polyploid thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus was analyzed. A stable heterozygous strain (HL01) containing two antibiotic resistance markers at one gene locus was generated. The inheritance of the two alleles in the progeny of the heterozygous strain was then followed. During incubation without selection pressure, the fraction of heterozygous cells decreased and that of homozygous cells increased, while the relative abundance of each allele in the whole population remained constant, suggesting chromosome segregation had experienced random event. Consistently, in comparison with Bacillus subtilis in which the sister chromosomes were segregated equally, the ratios of DNA content in two daughter cells of T. thermophilus had a broader distribution and a larger standard deviation, indicating that the DNA content in the two daughter cells was not always identical. Further, the protein homologs (i.e., ParA and MreB) which have been suggested to be involved in bacterial chromosome partitioning did not actively participate in the chromosome segregation in T. thermophilus. Therefore, it seems that protein-based chromosome segregation machineries are less critical for the polyploid T. thermophilus, and chromosome segregation in this bacterium are not stringently controlled but tend to be variable, and random segregation can occur.
A Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study of Wing Shape inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pitchers William , Nye Jessica , Márquez Eladio J , Kowalski Alycia , Dworkin Ian , Houle David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDue to the complexity of genotype–phenotype relationships, simultaneous analyses of genomic associations with multiple traits will be more powerful and informative than a series of univariate analyses. However, in most cases, studies of genotype–phenotype relationships have been analyzed only one trait at a time. Here, we report the results of a fully integrated multivariate genome-wide association analysis of the shape of the Drosophila melanogaster wing in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. Genotypic effects on wing shape were highly correlated between two different laboratories. We found 2396 significant SNPs using a 5% false discovery rate cutoff in the multivariate analyses, but just four significant SNPs in univariate analyses of scores on the first 20 principal component axes. One quarter of these initially significant SNPs retain their effects in regularized models that take into account population structure and linkage disequilibrium. A key advantage of multivariate analysis is that the direction of the estimated phenotypic effect is much more informative than a univariate one. We exploit this fact to show that the effects of knockdowns of genes implicated in the initial screen were on average more similar than expected under a null model. A subset of SNP effects were replicable in an unrelated panel of inbred lines. Association studies that take a phenomic approach, considering many traits simultaneously, are an important complement to the power of genomics.
Upfront Surgical Resection of Melanoma Brain Metastases Provides a Bridge Toward Immunotherapy-Mediated Systemic Control
Authors: Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Gill Corey M. , Bertalan Mia , Stocking Jackson , Kaplan Alexander , Nayyar Naema , Lawrence Donald P. , Flaherty Keith T. , Shih Helen A. , Oh Kevin , Batchelor Tracy T. , Cahill Daniel P. , Sullivan Ryan , Brastianos Priscilla K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint blockade has systemic efficacy in patients with metastatic melanoma, including those with brain metastases (MBMs). However, immunotherapy-induced intracranial tumoral inflammation can lead to neurologic compromise, requiring steroids, which abrogate the systemic efficacy of this approach. We investigated whether upfront neurosurgical resection of MBM is associated with a therapeutic advantage when performed prior to initiation of immunotherapy.

Material and Methods
An institutional review board-approved, retrospective study identified 142 patients with MBM treated with immune checkpoint blockade between 2010 and 2016 at Massachusetts General Hospital, of whom 79 received surgery. Patients were classified based on the temporal relationship between immunotherapy, surgery, and development of central nervous system metastases. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of diagnosis of MBM until death from any cause. Multivariate model building included a prognostic Cox model of OS, the effect of immunotherapy and surgical sequencing on OS, and the effect of immunotherapy and radiation sequencing on OS.

Results
The 2-year overall survival for patients treated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, programmed death 1, or combinatorial blockade was 19%, 54%, and 57%, respectively. Among immunotherapy-naïve melanoma brain metastases, surgery followed by immunotherapy had a median survival of 22.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6–39.2) compared with 10.8 months for patients treated with immunotherapy alone (95% CI, 7.8–16.3) and 9.4 months for patients treated with immunotherapy followed by surgery (95% CI, 4.1 to ∞; p = .12). On multivariate analysis, immunotherapy-naïve brain metastases treated with immunotherapy alone were associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.00–2.99) compared with immunotherapy-naïve brain metastases treated with surgery followed by immunotherapy.

Conclusion
In treatment-naïve patients, early surgical resection for local control should be considered prior to commencing immunotherapy. A prospective, randomized trial comparing the sequence of surgery and immunotherapy for treatment-naïve melanoma brain metastases is warranted.
Comparison of the Clinicopathological Characteristics and Genetic Alterations Between Patients with Gastric Cancer with or Without Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Fang Wen-Liang , Huang Kuo-Hung , Chang Shih-Ching , Lin Chien-Hsing , Chen Ming-Huang , Chao Yee , Lo Su-Shun , Li Anna Fen-Yau , Wu Chew-Wun , Shyr Yi-Ming 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Helicobacter pylori (HP) can induce epithelial cells and intestinal metaplasia with genetic damage that makes them highly susceptible to the development of gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and Methods
Between 2005 and 2010, 356 patients with gastric cancer who received curative surgery were enrolled. Analysis of HP, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, PIK3CA amplification, and mutation analysis of 68 mutations in eight genes using a mass spectrometric single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping technology was conducted. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients with or without HP infection were compared.

Results
Among the 356 patients, 185 (52.0%) had HP infection. For intestinal-type GC, patients with HP infection were more likely to be younger and had fewer PI3K/AKT pathway genetic mutations than those without HP infection. For diffuse-type GC, patients with HP infection were characterized by less male predominance, less lymphoid stroma, fewer microsatellite instability-high tumors, and fewer PI3K/AKT pathway genetic mutations than those without HP infection. Patients with HP infection had less tumor recurrence and a better 5-year overall survival (87.7% vs. 73.9%, p = .012) and disease-free survival (64.1% vs. 51.3%, p = .013) than those without HP infection, especially for intestinal-type GC. For EBV-negative GC, patients with HP infection had fewer PI3K/AKT pathway mutations and a better 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival than those without HP infection. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HP infection was an independent prognostic factor regarding overall survival and disease-free survival.

Conclusion
Patients with GC with HP infection were associated with fewer PI3K/AKT pathway genetic mutations and better survival than those without HP infection, especially for EBV-negative and intestinal-type GC.

Implications for Practice
Patients with gastric cancer with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection had fewer PI3K/AKT pathway genetic mutations, less tumor recurrence, and better survival than those without HP infection, especially for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative and intestinal-type gastric cancer. HP infection is an independent prognostic factor regarding overall survival and disease-free survival. Future in vivo and in vitro studies of the correlation among HP infection, PI3K/AKT pathway, and EBV infection in gastric cancer are required.
A Phase II Study of Genexol-PM and Cisplatin as Induction Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Keam Bhumsuk , Lee Keun-Wook , Lee Se-Hoon , Kim Jin-Soo , Kim Jin Ho , Wu Hong-Gyun , Eom Keun-Yong , Kim Suzy , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Chung Eun-Jae , Kwon Seong Keun , Jeong Woo-Jin , Jung Young Ho , Kim Ji-Won , Heo Dae Seog 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Induction chemotherapy with Genexol-PM and cisplatin demonstrated modest tumor response in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Considering favorable toxicity profiles and promising survival data, further studies on this regimen are warranted in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background
Genexol-PM is a polymeric micellar formulation of paclitaxel without Cremophor EL. We investigated the efficacy and safety of Genexol-PM plus cisplatin as induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC).

Methods
Patients received Genexol-PM (230 mg/m2) and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) every 3 weeks as IC. After three cycles of IC, definitive treatment of either concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m2) or surgery was performed. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) after IC.

Results
Of 52 patients enrolled, 47 completed three cycles of IC, and the ORR was 55.8% (95% confidence interval, 42.3–69.3). Although there was one treatment-related death, toxicity profiles to Genexol-PM and cisplatin were generally favorable, and the most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia (15.4%), anorexia (7.7%), and general weakness (7.7%). Fifty-one patients received definitive treatment (CCRT [n = 44] or radical surgery [n = 7]). The rate of complete response following CCRT was 81.8% (36/44). After a median follow-up of 39 months, estimates of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 3 years were 54.3% and 71.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
IC with Genexol-PM and cisplatin demonstrated modest tumor response with well-tolerated toxicity profiles for patients with LA-HNSCC.
An Organizational-Level Program of Intervention for AKI: A Pragmatic Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Selby Nicholas M. , Casula Anna , Lamming Laura , Stoves John , Samarasinghe Yohan , Lewington Andrew J. , Roberts Russell , Shah Nikunj , Johnson Melanie , Jackson Natalie , Jones Carol , Lenguerrand Erik , McDonach Eileen , Fluck Richard J. , Mohammed Mohammed A. , Caskey Fergus J. 
Published: February 2019

Significance Statement
National and international guidelines recommend supportive approaches to AKI management, but organizational strategies to improve delivery of AKI care have not previously been tested in multicenter randomized studies. The authors describe a pragmatic, multicenter, cluster randomized trial across five United Kingdom hospitals of an intervention comprising an AKI detection and e-alert system, an AKI care bundle, and an educational program for health care workers. Although the intervention did not alter the primary outcome of 30-day mortality, it was associated with reductions in length of hospital stay as well as an increase in AKI incidence that likely reflected improved recognition. These results combined with previous evidence show that strategies to improve the systematic delivery of supportive AKI care can lead to improvements in patient outcomes.

Background
Variable standards of care may contribute to poor outcomes associated with AKI. We evaluated whether a multifaceted intervention (AKI e-alerts, an AKI care bundle, and an education program) would improve delivery of care and patient outcomes at an organizational level.

Methods
A multicenter, pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial was performed in five UK hospitals, involving patients with AKI aged ≥18 years. The intervention was introduced sequentially across fixed three-month periods according to a randomly determined schedule until all hospitals were exposed. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, with pre-specified secondary endpoints and a nested evaluation of care process delivery. The nature of the intervention precluded blinding, but data collection and analysis were independent of project delivery teams.

Results
We studied 24,059 AKI episodes, finding an overall 30-day mortality of 24.5%, with no difference between control and intervention periods. Hospital length of stay was reduced with the intervention (decreases of 0.7, 1.1, and 1.3 days at the 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 quantiles, respectively). AKI incidence increased and was mirrored by an increase in the proportion of patients with a coded diagnosis of AKI. Our assessment of process measures in 1048 patients showed improvements in several metrics including AKI recognition, medication optimization, and fluid assessment.

Conclusions
A complex, hospital-wide intervention to reduce harm associated with AKI did not reduce 30-day AKI mortality but did result in reductions in hospital length of stay, accompanied by improvements in in quality of care. An increase in AKI incidence likely reflected improved recognition.
Expression of anti-apoptothic protein survinin and its gene BIRC5 in primary breast carcinoma as a prognostic factor for the disease
Authors: Shlyakhtunov E. A. 
Published: February 2019

Objective:to study the expression of anti-apoptotic protein survivin and its gene BIRC5 in primary breast carcinoma as a potential predictive and prognostic marker.Materials and methods.Using immunohistochemical methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction 67 samples (biopsy) of the primary breast carcinoma were studied for the presence of expression of survivin protein and its gene BIRC5.Results.Expression of survivin was determined in 47 (70.15 %) mammary carcinoma samples. Expression of survivin was most often determined in medium and high grade ductal carcinoma (G2–G3), and was associated with lymphovenous stromal invasion in most cases. Expression of survivin protein correlated with the expression of HER2/neu. In 59.6 % of cases survivin was expressed in tumors with a low Ki-67 index. Most often, survivin was expressed in luminal A and luminal B molecular-biological tumor subtypes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction determined the expression of BIRC5 gene in all 67 carcinoma samples. The level of normalized expression of BIRC5 gene significantly moderately correlated with the expression of its product – survivin protein (r = 0.704, p <0.01) and slightly correlated with the expression of oncoprotein HER2/neu (r = –0.285, p <0.05). The median follow-up was 40 months. Overall survival of patients without survivin expression in primary tumor was 100 %, overall survival of patients with survivin expression was 77.16 % (range 74.6–80.1 %) (p = 0.041), relapse-free survival was 100 % and 71.9 % (range 70.1–74.2 %) respectively (p = 0.037). The ratio of progression risks in the survivin expression group was 10.6 (95 % confidence interval 0.85–132.2) (p = 0.041).Conclusion.Expression of the protein survivin and its gene BIRC5 is an independent adverse prognostic factor and can be used as a predictive and prognostic marker.