bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse prediction of Al alloy post-processing conditions using classification with guided oversampling
Authors: Barnard A S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Machine learning is proving to be an ideal tool for materials design, capable of predicting forward structure-property relationships, and inverse property-structure relationships. However, it has yet to be used extensively for materials engineering challenges, predicting post-processing/structure relationships, and has yet to be used for to predict structure/post-processing relationships for inverse engineering. This is often due to the lack of sufficient metadata, and the overall scarcity and imbalance of processing data in many domains. This topic is explored in the current study using binary and multi-class classification to predict the appropriate post-synthesis processing conditions for aluminium alloys, based entirely on the alloying composition. The data imbalance was addressed using a new guided oversampling strategy that improves model performance by simultaneously balancing the classes and avoiding noise that contributes to over-fitting. This is achieved by through the deliberate but strategic introduction of not-a-numbers (NaNs) and the use of algorithms that naturally avoid them during learning. The outcome is the successful training of highly accurate binary classifiers, with significant reductions in false negatives and/or false positives with respect to the classifiers trained on the original data alone. Superior results were obtained for models predicting whether alloys should be solutionised or aged, post-synthesis, by guiding the re-balancing of the classes based on features (metals) that are highly ranked by the classifier, and then doubling the size of the data set via interpolation. Overall, this strategy has the greatest impact on tasks with a Shannon Diversity Index greater than 1 or less than 0.5, but can be applied to any prediction of post-processing conditions as part of an inverse engineering workflow.
Household needs among wildfire survivors in the 2017 Northern California wildfires
Authors: Snyder Mitchell , Miles Mira , Hertz-Picciotto Irva , Conlon Kathryn C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Wildfires are impacting communities globally, with California wildfires often breaking records of size and destructiveness. Knowing how communities are affected by these wildfires is vital to understanding recovery. We sought to identify impacted communities’ post-wildfire needs and characterize how those needs change over time. The WHAT-Now study deployed a survey that was made publicly available for communities affected by the October 2017 Northern California wildfires or the accompanying smoke at beginning approximately four months post-fire with the vast majority completed by nine months post-fire. Among other questions, the survey asked an adult household member to report on their households’ greatest need both one-week post-fire and at the time of survey. A total of 1461 households responded to these questions. Households reported many types of needs, with 154 responses that did not directly name needs but rather described how their households had been affected, which we classified as impacts. Four major themes were identified: physical, health, air, and information, each representing an array of varied specific needs or impacts. Physical needs (e.g. housing, food) were the most common (cited by more than 50% during the fires and about a third at the time of survey). The need for clean air was strong during the fires, but not months later, at the time of survey. In contrast, health needs were reported by a quarter of households during the fires. Needs that were reported at both times were categorized as ‘persistent’, and there were more persistent mental health needs over time compared to other health themes. Understanding the needs and impacts that arise during wildfires, their diversity and duration, and how they change over time is crucial to identifying types of assistance that are most needed during recovery efforts and when they are needed. Results presented here along with other wildfire needs assessments can be utilized to improve disaster preparedness, including for wildfire recovery.
Household energy choices under fuel stacking scenarios: evidence for bundling welfare schemes for facilitating clean fuel use
Authors: Manjula M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Energy poverty related to a reliance on traditional biomass for cooking has a strong association with environmental degradation, gender inequity and human health. Reduction of energy poverty is a growing concern in public policy agenda globally. In India, the last decade has seen concerted efforts to provide clean cooking fuel to the population. Despite this, wide regional disparities in energy poverty exist in India, indicating differential regional impacts of policies. A shift to universal access to clean modern cooking fuel requires the redesign of policies, with insights from a decentralized understanding of actual drivers of household cooking energy choices across diverse regions. The paper attempts to explain household cooking fuel choices under multiple fuel use (fuel stacking) scenarios in two states of India, differentiated by their socio-economic status and development trajectories. The paper employs multinomial logistic (MNL) regression on household level data from the Indian Human Development Survey 2015 to identify factors determining fuel choices. Urbanization, per capita income, the educational attainment of the household head and women in the household, having a separate kitchen for cooking and not living in one’s own house were observed to be positively influencing a switch to clean cooking energy in both the states. The results of the study indicate that shifting out of energy poverty and achieving the goal of universal clean cooking energy would require combining ongoing welfare policies with policies on provisioning clean cooking energy in India.
Evaluation of energy, carbon dioxide, and air emission implications of medium- and heavy-duty truck electrification in the United States using EPA’s regional TIMES energy systems model
Authors: Zalesak Andrew , Kittner Noah , Loughlin Daniel H , Kaplan Pervin Ozge 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Electrifying on-road trucking is a strategy for decarbonizing the transportation sector. While battery-electric trucks have zero tailpipe emissions, the associated increase in electric sector grid emissions would offset a portion of on-road emission reductions. We utilize a techno-economic energy systems optimization model to assess the system-wide carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emission implications of medium- and heavy-duty truck electrification in the United States of America. Results suggest that by transitioning to 100% battery-electric medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MDVs and HDVs, together MHDVs), sales by 2050 would result in net CO2 emission benefits should the electric sector decarbonize simultaneously. Combining a tax of $100 per ton of CO2, increasing at 5% per year, with electrification targets would yield a net 52% reduction in energy system CO2 emissions in 2050. Across regions, the transportation sector nitrogen oxide (NO
X) emissions—an ozone precursor—further decrease by 9%–26% compared to the ‘business-as-usual’ (BAU) level in 2050. The level of emission reductions and the extent of transportation decarbonization are driven by vehicle cost and performance projections along with underlying assumptions on the time of charging.
Locations
Authors: Davies Wendy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Manuscript illustrations of plants and gardens are highly stylized and do not offer a view of contemporary landscapes. Written sources offer plenty of detail on landscape and on the location and contexts of gardens. There are clear regional differences: for example, there are few references to gardens in Galicia but many in Castile. Some gardens lay beside houses, and some were isolated, surrounded by arable fields or meadows or woodland, but many lay in distinguishable garden zones; others were town gardens, usually within an enclosed complex of buildings. Gardens were often associated with water courses, natural or man-made, especially those of the meseta. In parts of Catalonia, a house/yard/garden unit was common.
Teleworking by hospital pharmacists: Another step to achieve decarbonization of the healthcare system
Authors: Adam Jean-Philippe , Richard-Laferrière Mélodie , Trudel-Bourgault Félix , Arbour Philippe , Langevin Marie-Claude 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The healthcare sector contributes approximately 4% to 5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, thereby impacting climate change. Various initiatives, including teleworking, have been considered to mitigate GHG emissions, but their environmental impact remains poorly defined in the healthcare sector. This study aims to evaluate the impact of teleworking by hospital pharmacists on GHG emissions reduction by comparing the actual situation at one Canadian hospital, which includes teleworking shifts from home, to a scenario where all working shifts necessitate travel to the hospital.

Methods
The study was conducted at the pharmacy department of an academic hospital with 86 pharmacists (75 pharmacist full-time equivalents), between June 1, 2020, and May 31, 2023. Two different online carbon footprint calculators, one developed by the Centres de Gestion des Déplacements (CGD) and one available at the website of Carbon Footprint Ltd., were employed to measure mean GHG emissions in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq) for individuals based on their modes of transport and distances traveled between home and work.

Results
During the study period, teleworking resulted in a significant reduction of mean GHG emissions per pharmacist relative to the scenario of all on-site shifts, with a reduction of 134 kg CO2eq (1,160 CO2eq vs 1,026 CO2eq; t = 3.32; P = 0.0007) estimated with the CGD calculator and a reduction of 135 kg CO2eq (1,117 CO2eq vs 982 CO2eq; t = 4.31; P &lt; 0.0001) estimated with the Carbon Footprint calculator. Those figures correspond to a reduction of 11.5% (11,249 kg CO2eq) to 12.1% (11,315 kg CO2eq) of the total quantity of emissions associated with commuting for the 84 pharmacists over 3 years. The median distance from home to the hospital was 10.0 km (interquartile range, 8.1 km), with nearly three-quarters of pharmacists commuting by public or active transport.

Conclusion
Teleworking has a positive environmental impact and could be implemented in other pharmacy departments. The implemented teleworking approach represents an encouraging initial step toward reducing the GHG emissions associated with the travel of employees.
Pharmacist homicides in the United States: A retrospective review of NVDRS data from 2003 to 2020
Authors: Funk Kylee A , Gonzales Ciara , Logeais Mary E , Philbrick Ann M , Woodruff Jake A , Robiner William N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Workplace and work-related violence are growing concerns in the healthcare community and among healthcare professionals. A gap exists in our understanding of the most extreme form of violence, homicide, against pharmacists and the contributing factors leading to their tragic deaths. The objective of this study was to identify homicides of pharmacists and characterize potential patterns, including, but not limited to, the connection to pharmacists’ work.

Methods
Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) were analyzed to explore the number and characteristics of homicides of pharmacists that occurred between 2003 and 2020.

Results
Between 2003 and 2020, 33 homicides of pharmacists were reported to the NVDRS. A slight majority (n = 17, 52%) of victims were female. Six (18%) were determined to be workplace or work-related homicides; only 2 homicides were related to the work of a pharmacist. Nearly two-thirds (n = 21, 64%) were perpetrated with a firearm. The suspects for most of these homicides were male (n = 28, 85%), and many were either a current or former partner of the decedent (n = 14, 42%).

Conclusion
In the US, homicides of pharmacists occur infrequently relative to the general population. Homicides in pharmacists’ workplaces are uncommon, and homicides of pharmacists appear to be tied most often to domestic violence and firearms.
OneSC: a computational platform for recapitulating cell state transitions
Authors: Peng Da , Cahan Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Computational modeling of cell state transitions has been a great interest of many in the field of developmental biology, cancer biology, and cell fate engineering because it enables performing perturbation experiments in silico more rapidly and cheaply than could be achieved in a lab. Recent advancements in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allow the capture of high-resolution snapshots of cell states as they transition along temporal trajectories. Using these high-throughput datasets, we can train computational models to generate in silico “synthetic” cells that faithfully mimic the temporal trajectories.

Results
Here we present OneSC, a platform that can simulate cell state transitions using systems of stochastic differential equations govern by a regulatory network of core transcription factors (TFs). Different from many current network inference methods, OneSC prioritizes on generating Boolean network that produces faithful cell state transitions and terminal cell states that mimic real biological systems. Applying OneSC to real data, we inferred a core TF network using a mouse myeloid progenitor scRNA-seq dataset and showed that the dynamical simulations of that network generate synthetic single-cell expression profiles that faithfully recapitulate the four myeloid differentiation trajectories going into differentiated cell states (erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes). Finally, through the in silico perturbations of the mouse myeloid progenitor core network, we showed that OneSC can accurately predict cell fate decision biases of TF perturbations that closely match with previous experimental observations.

Availability and implementation
OneSC is implemented as a Python package on GitHub (https://github.com/CahanLab/oneSC) and on Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/records/14052421).
Multitranscriptome analysis reveals stromal cells in the papillary dermis to promote angiogenesis in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Zhang Bo , Mei Junpu , Liao Qijun , Zhou Shan , Huang He , Liu Hui , Xu Xiaoli , Yu Yafen , Wu Chao , Wang Wenjun , Hu Weining , Zhu Tingting , Zhang Yin , Chen Mengyun , Zhu Caihong , Yu Mengjun , Gao Jinping , Tang Xianfa , Liu Xiawei , Guo Ze , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhuang Wen , Chen Gang , Tang Lili , Ding Xiaoyan , Cheng Hui , Li Yang , Wang Hongyan , Li Hui , Zhang Yangrui , Fan Xing , Chen Rouxi , Rong Zherou , Liu Ping , Liu Shengxiu , Yue Zhen , Wang Peiguang , Cai Zhiming , Gao Min , Wang Zaixing , Fang Xiaodong , Zhou Fusheng , Tang Huayang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The pathogenesis of psoriasis is incompletely understood. Growing evidence suggests the involvement of stromal cells in the inflammatory process.

Objectives
To investigate the roles of stromal cells, including fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), in the psoriatic inflammatory microenvironment, and the possible underlying mechanisms involved.

Methods
We used a combination of single-cell, spatial transcriptome and bulk RNA sequencing of lesional and nonlesional skin samples from patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and healthy skin samples from unaffected individuals.

Results
By analysing transcriptomes from 364 098 single cells, we uncovered WNT5A+ (Wnt-5a) fibroblasts, ITIH5+ (inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5) VECs and VCAN+ (versican) VSMCs, with significantly increased proportions of these cells in the papillary dermis of lesional psoriatic skin. We defined eight unique subclusters of fibroblasts in the skin and observed a shift of WIF1+ (Wnt inhibitory factor 1) fibroblasts toward WNT5A+ fibroblasts, with abnormal activation of the noncanonical Wnt signalling pathway and increased angiogenic and proinflammatory capabilities. VSMCs were able to undergo phenotypic transformation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype during the development of psoriatic inflammation. ITIH5+ VECs and VCAN+ VSMCs were found to have an essential role in regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodelling in the pathological changes seen in PV. Ligand receptor analyses found that WNT5A+ fibroblasts are extensively implicated in interactions with various skin cell types, especially TIH5+ VECs and VCAN+ VSMCs in the papillary dermis.

Conclusions
Interactions of stromal cells in the papillary dermis were identified as possible pathogenic elements in PV. Improving the inflammatory microenvironment by targeting stromal cells might be a potential treatment strategy in PV.
Introspective psychophysics for the study of subjective experience
Authors: Peters Megan A K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Studying subjective experience is hard. We believe that pain is not identical to nociception, nor pleasure a computational reward signal, nor fear the activation of “threat circuitry”. Unfortunately, introspective self-reports offer our best bet for accessing subjective experience, but many still believe that introspection is “unreliable” and “unverifiable”. But which of introspection’s faults do we find most damning? Is it that introspection provides imperfect access to brain processes (e.g. perception, memory)? That subjective experience is not objectively verifiable? That it is hard to isolate from non-subjective processing capacity? Here, I argue none of these prevents us from building a meaningful, impactful psychophysical research program that treats subjective experience as a valid empirical target through precisely characterizing relationships among environmental variables, brain processes and behavior, and self-reported phenomenology. Following recent similar calls by Peters (Towards characterizing the canonical computations generating phenomenal experience. 2022. Neurosci Biobehav Rev: 142, 104903), Kammerer and Frankish (What forms could introspective systems take? A research programme. 2023. J Conscious Stud 30:13–48), and Fleming (Metacognitive psychophysics in humans, animals, and AI. 2023. J Conscious Stud 30:113–128), “introspective psychophysics” thus treats introspection’s apparent faults as features, not bugs—just as the noise and distortions linking environment to behavior inspired Fechner’s psychophysics over 150 years ago. This next generation of psychophysics will establish a powerful tool for building and testing precise explanatory models of phenomenology across many dimensions—urgency, emotion, clarity, vividness, confidence, and more.
Anaplerotic filling in heart failure: a review of mechanism and potential therapeutics
Authors: Alhasan Karm A , King Melissa A , Pattar Badal S B , Lewis Ian A , Lopaschuk Gary D , Greenway Steven C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. While current medical treatment is based on known pathophysiology and is effective for many patients, the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Energy deficiency is a characteristic of HF, marked by complex alterations in metabolism. Within the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerosis emerges as an essential metabolic process responsible for replenishing lost intermediates, thereby playing a crucial role in sustaining energy metabolism and consequently cardiac function. Alterations in cardiac anaplerosis are commonly observed in HF, demonstrating potential for therapeutic intervention. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the anaplerotic adaptations that occur in HF. We also explore therapeutics that can directly modulate anaplerosis or are likely to confer cardioprotective effects through anaplerosis, which could potentially be implemented to rescue the failing heart.
Wristwatch pulse wave monitoring: assessing daily activity post-catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nonoguchi Noriko Matsushita , Soejima Kyoko , Katsume Yumi , Hoshida Kyoko , Togashi Ikuko , Goda Ayumi , Ueda Akiko , Matsuo Seiichiro , Sato Toshiaki , Takano Yuichi , Koyama Fumio , Fujita Shin , Nishimura Kunihiro , Kohno Takashi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) leads to impaired exercise capacity, and catheter ablation (CA) for AF improves exercise capacity. However, the precise changes in daily activities after CA for AF remain unclear. The authors aimed to evaluate the changes in daily activities following CA for AF using a wristwatch-type pulse wave monitor (PWM), which tracks steps and exercise time, estimates burnt daily calories, and records sleep duration, in addition to establishing the rhythm diagnosis of AF or non-AF.

Methods and results
One hundred and twenty-three patients with AF (97 paroxysmal, 26 persistent) wore a wristwatch-type PWM for 1 week duration at three time points: before, 1 month after, and 3 months after ablation. Daily activity data were compared. Steps did not change in both groups, and the number of burnt daily calories and total exercise time increased after CA in patients with paroxysmal AF (burnt daily calories: before, 1591 kcal/day; 1 month, 1688 kcal/day; and 3 months, 1624 kcal/day; P &lt; 0.001 and exercise time: before, 45.8 min; 1 month, 51.2 min; and 3 months, 56.3 min; P = 0.023). Sleep hours significantly increased (paroxysmal AF: before, 6.8 h; 1 month, 7.1 h; and 3 months, 7.1 h; P = 0.039 and persistent AF: before, 6.0 h; 1 month, 7.0 h; and 3 months, 7.0 h; P = 0.007).

Conclusion
Using a wristwatch-type PWM, we demonstrated changes in daily activities after CA in patients with AF.

Trial registration number
jRCT1030210022.
Hypertension self-management trajectory patterns and associated factors among Chinese patients with aortic dissection after surgical repair: A longitudinal study
Authors: Zeng Min , Wang Ruiying , Cao Xi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
In patients with aortic dissection (AD) after surgical repair, especially those with hypertension, better management of blood pressure is associated with better health outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify hypertension self-management trajectory patterns and associated factors among Chinese aortic dissection patients after surgical repair to assist in developing tailored behavioural interventions for this population.

Methods and results
178 patients with aortic dissection who underwent surgical repair were followed for 3 months. Data on hypertension self-management, hypertension knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support were collected before discharge and at 1 and 3 months after discharge. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. A latent class growth model and generalized estimating equations were used to explore hypertension self-management trajectory patterns and factors associated with each pattern. The participants’ average age was 57.95 (± 11.27) years. Two hypertension self-management trajectory patterns were identified: ‘rapid ascent then suppressed growth’ (93.4%) and ‘continuously slow ascent’ (6.6%). For the ‘rapid ascent then suppressed growth’ pattern, age, educational background, type of health insurance, family monthly income, self-efficacy, and social support were associated with this pattern (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Healthcare providers may prioritize hypertension self-management for patients who are younger, have lower educational levels, have resident or employee medical insurance and have a family monthly income between 5001 and 10 000 yuan. Self-efficacy and social support might serve as targets for future intervention to improve hypertension self-management.

Registration
ChiCTR2100050542.