bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The generational cohort effect in the context of responsible consumption
Authors: Ivanova Olga , Flores-Zamora Javier , Khelladi Insaf , Ivanaj Silvester 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the generational cohort effect on responsible consumer behavior. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the generational cohort theory, the authors test the impact of perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), media exposure (ME), the social group influence of family and peers and self-identity on the intention of Generation X and Generation Y to purchase environmentally responsible products.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from 1,870 respondents in France. Based on the factor scores from a confirmatory factor analysis, the authors tested for interaction effects by employing regression and path analyses. A two-group structural model evaluated the strength of each cohort’s direct effects and the significant differences between the groups.

Findings
The results reveal a generational (cohort) effect on the relationship between PCE and ME and the intention to purchase environmentally responsible products.

Research limitations/implications
The convenience sample shows bias toward younger people, especially students. In addition, some latent variables show low AVE scores, probably due to scale interpretation differences. By measuring purchase intention, the study disregards the actual behavior of consumers.

Practical implications
To increase consumers’ personal involvement in responsible purchasing behaviors, marketers could cater to the social desirability side of Gen Y by emphasizing products that express community values; on the other hand, marketers could appeal to the PCE of Gen X by providing more information and convincing them that their actions matter.

Social implications
The efficiency of awareness and promotional campaigns for environmentally responsible products will be enhanced when marketers employ segmentation based on generational cohorts.

Originality/value
The study contributes to a better understanding of responsible consumer behavior by identifying generational cohort differences.
Remarkable lives: Lígia Cardoso Baldé in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: Baldé Lígia Cardoso , Carson Jerome 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a profile of Lígia Cardoso Baldé.

Design/methodology/approach
Lígia gives a biographical description of her life and is then interviewed by Jerome.

Findings
Lígia talks about the stress of being a young single parent with a disabled son. She talks about how she built up her resilience over several years.

Research limitations/implications
The story Lígia tells is one of battling against all the odds. Her account shows how she had to manage without much external support, even from family.

Practical implications
Research has long demonstrated an association between life events and stress. Lígia tells us about the various stressors that confronted her at different stages of her life journey.

Social implications
All of us can make a difference in peoples’ lives if we make the effort. Lígia talks about two doctors who knew the medical implications of her son’s condition, but who also recognised her emotional needs and addressed those as well.

Originality/value
Lígia’s story is inspiring at so many levels. She has successfully adjusted to a different culture, to a different language and has had to establish a new social support network. Now she is not just surviving, but slowly thriving.
Reduction of tension effects on partner evaluation
Authors: Pesämaa Ossi , Dahlin Peter , Öberg Christina 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how tension management as a means of achieving compromise and overcoming minor conflicts reduces the effects of the opportunism and bargaining costs of relationships on the evaluation of business partners. The paper proposes and tests a theoretical model with a full-information approach using structural equation modeling.

Design/methodology/approach
The data set was based on 312 observations from a unique survey based on a business-to-business relationship sample in Sweden. The measurements reflect the effects of partner opportunism, bargaining costs, and tension management on partner evaluations.

Findings
The findings corroborate that partner opportunism and bargaining costs have a negative impact on partner evaluation. In addition, the model shows that tension management weakens the negative effects of opportunism and bargaining costs on the evaluation.

Originality/value
This study offers evidence on how negative effects are reduced through intervening constructs. With most studies focusing on the positive side of relationships, this paper makes an important contribution to the literature through not only describing negative effects, but also how these can be decreased.
Diffusion of elements during reflow ageing of Sn-Zn solder in liquid state on Ni/Cu substrate – theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Mittal Jagjiwan , Lin Kwang-Lung 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to study the diffusion of Zn, Ni and Sn in the liquid state during the reflow ageing of the Sn-Zn solder above its melting point on an Ni/Cu substrate in relation to the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs).

Design/methodology/approach
The Sn-Zn solder is reflowed on Ni/Cu substrates and is aged at 503 K. The formation of IMCs and their composition is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Diffusion coefficients and diffusion distances of Zn, Ni and Sn in the liquid state during reflow and ageing are theoretically calculated. Both experimental and theoretical behaviours for Ni and Zn diffusions are compared.

Findings
Calculations show a linear increment in the liquid-state diffusion coefficients of Ni, Zn and Sn in the solder matrix with a rise in temperature, but they remained constant during ageing. However, diffusion distances increased slowly with temperature but manifold with ageing time. The experimental results revealed segregation of Zn and Ni at the interface in the as-reflow aged specimens. The Zn was concentrated at the solder–substrate interface and it reacted with Ni diffusing from the substrate to form Ni-Sn-Zn IMCs. The rapid diffusion of Zn and Ni with the increase in ageing time increased their atomic concentrations in the IMCs against the reduction in Sn concentration owing to a comparatively slower diffusion.

Originality/value
The novelty of the paper is the detailed study of theoretical diffusion of Zn, Sn and Ni in the liquid state during reflow ageing of Sn-Zn above its melting points on a Ni/Cu substrate. This is compared with values obtained experimentally and related to the mechanisms of IMC formation.
Plasticity of lifelong calorie‐restricted C57BL/6J mice in adapting to a medium‐fat diet intervention at old age
Authors: Rusli Fenni , Boekschoten Mark V. , Borelli Vincenzo , Sun Chen , Lute Carolien , Menke Aswin L. , van den Heuvel Joost , Salvioli Stefano , Franceschi Claudio , Müller Michael , Steegenga Wilma T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCalorie restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that supports healthy aging. In this study, we investigated the systemic and liver‐specific responses caused by a diet switch to a medium‐fat (MF) diet in 24‐month‐old lifelong, CR‐exposed mice. This study aimed to increase the knowledge base on dietary alterations of gerontological relevance. Nine‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were exposed either to a control, CR, or MF diet. At the age of 24 months, a subset of mice of the CR group was transferred to ad libitumMF feeding (CR‐MF). The mice were sacrificed at the age of 28 months, and then, biochemical and molecular analyses were performed. Our results showed that, despite the long‐term exposure to the CR regimen, mice in the CR‐MF group displayed hyperphagia, rapid weight gain, and hepatic steatosis. However, no hepatic fibrosis/injury or alteration in CR‐improved survival was observed in the diet switch group. The liver transcriptomic profile of CR‐MF mice largely shifted to a profile similar to the MF‐fed animals but leaving ~22% of the 1,578 differentially regulated genes between the CR and MF diet groups comparable with the expression of the lifelong CR group. Therefore, although the diet switch was performed at an old age, the CR‐MF‐exposed mice showed plasticity in coping with the challenge of a MF diet without developing severe liver pathologies.
Improving maternal folate status to prevent infant neural tube defects: working group conclusions and a framework for action
Authors: Martinez Homero , Weakland Aliki P. , Bailey Lynn B. , Botto Lorenzo D. , De‐Regil Luz Maria , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs infectious disease control programs achieve increasing success, further reductions in child mortality in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) will require focused prevention strategies for birth defects and other noninfectious diseases. Neural tube defects (NTDs) can cause early death or lifelong disability. Preventing NTDs provides a feasible, significant opportunity to decrease the toll of birth defects and contribute to further reducing child mortality globally. The Micronutrient Forum convened a technical consultation on Folate Status in Women and Neural Tube Defects Prevention to develop a roadmap to inform and prioritize investments in NTD prevention in LMICs; help guide implementation efforts in terms of the feasibility of interventions and the potential for acceleration; and identify research and knowledge gaps. Here, we describe the impetus for and approach to the consultation and present the conclusions and a framework for developing a roadmap for action to accelerate NTD prevention in LMICs. The framework (1) provides options for action on folate status assessment; (2) outlines a way forward to develop and implement a time‐bound global action plan for NTD prevention; and (3) identifies common impediments to NTD prevention, broad strategies to overcome or minimize these impediments, and basic building blocks necessary to accelerate action.
Wittgenstein's Impact on the Philosophy of Education
Authors: Standish Paul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOn the strength of a clarification of the nature of philosophy of education, a critical overview is offered of Wittgenstein's impact on the field. The focus then narrows to give attention to Wittgenstein's claim that “Nothing is hidden” (Philosophical Investigations, #435), pitched here in a questionable relation to contemporary concerns with transparency. Familiar readings of this passage are challenged in connection with Wittgenstein's late writings on psychology, especially with regard to imagination and pretence. These are argued to be essential to the development of mind and world, from the child's first entry into language, and hence crucial to education.
Clinical use of plasma lactate concentration. Part 1: Physiology, pathophysiology, and measurement
Authors: Rosenstein Patricia G. , Tennent‐Brown Brett S. , Hughes Dez 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo review the current literature with respect to the physiology, pathophysiology, and measurement of lactate.Data SourcesData were sourced from veterinary and human clinical trials, retrospective studies, experimental studies, and review articles. Articles were retrieved without date restrictions and were sourced primarily via PubMed, Scopus, and CAB Abstracts as well as by manual selection.Human and Veterinary Data SynthesisLactate is an important energy storage molecule, the production of which preserves cellular energy production and mitigates the acidosis from ATP hydrolysis. Although the most common cause of hyperlactatemia is inadequate tissue oxygen delivery, hyperlactatemia can, and does occur in the face of apparently adequate oxygen supply. At a cellular level, the pathogenesis of hyperlactatemia varies widely depending on the underlying cause. Microcirculatory dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epinephrine‐mediated stimulation of Na+‐K+‐ATPase pumps are likely important contributors to hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients. Ultimately, hyperlactatemia is a marker of altered cellular bioenergetics.ConclusionThe etiology of hyperlactatemia is complex and multifactorial. Understanding the relevant pathophysiology is helpful when characterizing hyperlactatemia in clinical patients.
A Single-Nucleotide Insertion in a Drug Transporter Gene Induces a Thermotolerance Phenotype in Gluconobacter frateurii by Increasing the NADPH/NADP
+
Ratio via Metabolic Change
Authors: Matsumoto Nami , Hattori Hiromi , Matsutani Minenosuke , Matayoshi Chihiro , Toyama Hirohide , Kataoka Naoya , Yakushi Toshiharu , Matsushita Kazunobu 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Thermotolerant microorganisms are beneficial to the fermentation industry because they reduce the need for cooling and offer other operational advantages. Previously, we obtained a thermally adapted
Gluconobacter frateurii
strain by experimental evolution. In the present study, we found only a single G insertion in the adapted strain, which causes a frameshift in a gene encoding a putative drug transporter. A mutant derivative strain with the single G insertion in the transporter gene (Wild-G) was constructed from the wild-type strain and showed increased thermotolerance. We found that the thermotolerant strains accumulated substantial intracellular trehalose and manifested a defect in sorbose assimilation, suggesting that the transporter is partly involved in trehalose efflux and sorbose uptake and that the defect in the transporter can improve thermotolerance. The Δ
otsAB
strain, constructed by elimination of the trehalose synthesis gene in the wild type, showed no trehalose production but, unexpectedly, much better growth than the adapted strain at high temperatures. The Δ
otsAB
mutant produced more acetate as the final metabolite than the wild-type strain did. We hypothesized that trehalose does not contribute to thermotolerance directly; rather, a metabolic change including increased carbon flux to the pentose phosphate pathway may be the key factor. The NADPH/NADP
+
ratio was higher in strain Wild-G, and much higher in the Δ
otsAB
strain, than in the wild-type strain. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were lower in the thermotolerant strains. We propose that the defect of the transporter causes the metabolic flux to generate more NADPH, which may enhance thermotolerance in
G. frateurii
.

IMPORTANCE
The biorefinery industry has to ensure that microorganisms are robust and retain their viability and function at high temperatures. Here we show that
Gluconobacter
frateurii
, an industrially important member of the acetic acid bacteria, exhibited enhanced thermotolerance through the reduction of trehalose excretion after thermal adaptation. Although intracellular trehalose may play a key role in thermotolerance, the molecular mechanisms of action of trehalose in thermotolerance are a matter of debate. Our mutated strain that was defective in trehalose synthase genes, producing no trehalose but a larger amount of acetic acid as the end metabolite instead, unexpectedly showed higher thermotolerance than the wild type. Our adapted and mutated thermotolerant strains showed increased NADPH/NADP
+
ratios and reductions in ROS levels. We concluded that in
G. frateurii
, trehalose does not contribute to thermotolerance directly; rather, the metabolic change increases the NADPH/NADP
+
ratio to enhance thermotolerance.
Role of Disputed Mutations in the
rpoB
Gene in Interpretation of Automated Liquid MGIT Culture Results for Rifampin Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Miotto Paolo , Cabibbe Andrea M. , Borroni Emanuele , Degano Massimo , Cirillo Daniela M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Low-level rifampin resistance associated with specific
rpoB
mutations (referred as “disputed”) in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is easily missed by some phenotypic methods. To understand the mechanism by which some mutations are systematically missed by MGIT phenotypic testing, we performed an
in silico
analysis of their effect on the structural interaction between the RpoB protein and rifampin. We also characterized 24 representative clinical isolates by determining MICs on 7H10 agar and testing them by an extended MGIT protocol. We analyzed 2,097 line probe assays, and 156 (7.4%) cases showed a hybridization pattern referred to here as “no wild type + no mutation.” Isolates harboring “disputed” mutations (L430P, D435Y, H445C/L/N/S, and L452P) tested susceptible in MGIT, with prevalence ranging from 15 to 57% (overall, 16 out of 55 isolates [29%]). Our
in silico
analysis did not highlight any difference between “disputed” and “undisputed” substitutions, indicating that all
rpoB
missense mutations affect the rifampin binding site. MIC testing showed that “undisputed” mutations are associated with higher MIC values (≥20 mg/liter) compared to “disputed” mutations (4 to >20 mg/liter). Whereas “undisputed” mutations didn't show any delay (Δ) in time to positivity of the test tube compared to the control tube on extended MGIT protocol, “disputed” mutations showed a mean Δ of 7.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2 to 10.2 days;
P
< 0.05), providing evidence that mutations conferring low-level resistance are associated with a delay in growth on MGIT. Considering the proved relevance of L430P, D435Y, H445C/L/N, and L452P mutations in determining clinical resistance, genotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) should be used to replace phenotypic results (MGIT) when such mutations are found.
One Year in the Life of a Rapid Syndromic Panel for Meningitis/Encephalitis: a Pediatric Tertiary Care Facility's Experience
Authors: Naccache Samia N. , Lustestica Maryann , Fahit Margil , Mestas Javier , Dien Bard Jennifer 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Early establishment of infectious processes allows for expedited clinical management of meningitis and encephalitis. The FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (FA-M/E) panel provides rapid detection of potential pathogens associated with encephalitis/meningitis in both immunocompetent and compromised patients. Here, we conducted a 1-year review of the performance of the FA-M/E panel at a tertiary care children's hospital. Two hundred sixty-five samples from 251 patients were tested. We found 87.25% (219/251) were negative, 9.96% (25/251) were positive for viral analytes, and 3.19% (8/251) were positive for bacterial analytes. When possible, positive results were confirmed by alternate testing; 4/6 available bacterial positives and 17/20 available viral positives were confirmed by retrospective culture or molecular testing.
Emergency Services of Viral RNAs: Repair and Remodeling
Authors: Agol Vadim I. , Gmyl Anatoly P. 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARY
Reproduction of RNA viruses is typically error-prone due to the infidelity of their replicative machinery and the usual lack of proofreading mechanisms. The error rates may be close to those that kill the virus. Consequently, populations of RNA viruses are represented by heterogeneous sets of genomes with various levels of fitness. This is especially consequential when viruses encounter various bottlenecks and new infections are initiated by a single or few deviating genomes. Nevertheless, RNA viruses are able to maintain their identity by conservation of major functional elements. This conservatism stems from genetic robustness or mutational tolerance, which is largely due to the functional degeneracy of many protein and RNA elements as well as to negative selection. Another relevant mechanism is the capacity to restore fitness after genetic damages, also based on replicative infidelity. Conversely, error-prone replication is a major tool that ensures viral evolvability. The potential for changes in debilitated genomes is much higher in small populations, because in the absence of stronger competitors low-fit genomes have a choice of various trajectories to wander along fitness landscapes. Thus, low-fit populations are inherently unstable, and it may be said that to run ahead it is useful to stumble. In this report, focusing on picornaviruses and also considering data from other RNA viruses, we review the biological relevance and mechanisms of various alterations of viral RNA genomes as well as pathways and mechanisms of rehabilitation after loss of fitness. The relationships among mutational robustness, resilience, and evolvability of viral RNA genomes are discussed.
Shigellosis outbreak among MSM living with HIV: a case–control study in Taiwan, 2015–2016
Authors: Wu Hao-Hsin , Shen Yi-Ting , Chiou Chien-Shun , Fang Chi-Tai , Lo Yi-Chun 
Published: March 2018

Objectives
Outbreaks of shigellosis among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported since the late 1990s. HIV infection is an important risk factor. Since 2014, the global shigellosis epidemic has intensified. Whether chemsex (the use of crystal methamphetamine, γ-hydroxybutyrate or mephedrone to enhance sex) is a new risk factor has not been previously examined.

Methods

We conducted a population-based, case–control study in Taiwan. Acute shigellosis cases diagnosed during the 2015 outbreak among MSM living with HIV were compared with those without shigellosis. CD4
+
counts, plasma viral load (pVL), gonorrhoea, syphilis and amoebiasis records were obtained from the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System database. We invited cases/controls to provide information on illicit drug use and sexual behaviours, using a structured questionnaire.

Results
Seventy-five shigellosis cases were compared with 225 controls. High pVL (>100 000 copies/mL; adjusted OR (aOR): 4.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 16.9), gonorrhoea (aOR: 29.4, 95% CI 2.3 to 340.2) and syphilis (aOR: 4.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 11.6) were independent risk factors of shigellosis. Twenty shigellosis cases and 59 controls completed the questionnaire. Oral-to-anal sex (aOR: 15.5, 95% CI 3.6 to 66.7), chemsex (aOR: 5.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 22.7) and poppers use (aOR: 10.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 64.2) within 12 months were independent behavioural risk factors of shigellosis.

Conclusions
Chemsex is a new risk factor for shigellosis among MSM living with HIV, as identified in the 2015–2016 outbreak. Additional risk factors include poppers use, sexual risk behaviours and high pVL. Further studies on chemsex among MSM, which is a rising public health concern, are urgently required.
Effects of early posthatch feeding on growth, organ development, and blood biochemical profile in broiler chickens
Authors: Kang H.K. , Bang H.T. , Kim C.H. , Jeon J.J. , Kim H.S. , Suh S.W. , Hong E.C. , Kim S.H. , Park S.B. 
Published: March 2018

The effects of early feeding time on growth performance, organ weight, blood biochemical, and leukocyte profile were investigated in posthatch broiler chickens to 35 d of age. From 7 to 21 d, early feeding (3 h after hatching) had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on body weight gain, and at 14 d, chicks fed 3 and 12 h after hatching were significantly heavier (p < 0.01) than those fed later. At 7 d, feed intake (FI) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) among chicks fed 3 and 12 h after hatching. At 21 d, chicks fed 3 h after hatching showed significantly higher FI (p < 0.01) than those fed later. At 3 d, gizzard weight was significantly heavier (p < 0.05) in chicks fed 24, 36, and 48 h after hatching than in those fed earlier, and small intestinal weight was also significantly higher (p < 0.05). At 35 d of age, alanine aminotransferase was higher (p < 0.01) in chicks fed 36 and 48 h after hatching, and the eosinophil level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in chicks fed 3, 24, 36, and 48 h after hatching.