bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on the hypoglycemic properties of selected non-leafy vegetables in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Seok-Tyug , Tan Seok-Shin 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancers and cardiovascular diseases have become a major health concern globally. As literature claims that frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables can delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and its complications, this paper aims to evaluate the potential hypoglycemic properties in five types of non-leafy vegetables (pumpkin, sweet potato, bitter gourd, onion and lady’s finger), which are commonly available in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
Articles were identified through several main search engines, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Taylor and Francis Online, EDS, Wiley, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The search was limited to selected keywords to refine the outcome.

Findings
All the five types of non-leafy vegetables demonstrate hypoglycemic properties to some extent. Emerging findings indicate that there are several phytonutrients in the non-leafy vegetables contributing to the hypoglycemic effects. To date, the underlying mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, although a number of potential mechanisms of action have been proposed in the literature.

Originality/value
This review provides some insights into the hypoglycemic properties in non-leafy vegetables. In addition, phytonutrients that are responsible for the hypoglycemic effects and their mechanism of action are also highlighted.
Sport event hosting capacity as event legacy: Canada and the hosting of FIFA events
Authors: Leopkey Becca , Ellis Dana 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how a legacy of event hosting competencies from one event can contribute to advancing the overall hosting capacity of a nation for future events. More specifically, the project focuses on determining the event hosting capacity legacies from the Men’s Under-20 2007 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) event in Canada and how they contributed toward winning the rights for the Women’s FIFA World Cup 2015 event.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study design focusing on FIFA events held in Canada in 2007 and 2015 was used.FindingsFour broad event hosting capacity legacies from the U-20 2007 event that potentially impacted Canada’s ability to secure the WWC 2015 were identified. These legacies included: exemplifying success, advancement of hosting concepts, staff and leadership experience and development and enhancement of sporting infrastructure.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings formed the basis of a discussion on the increasing formalization of event organizing committees, the need to consider collective (i.e. multiple events) legacies in the development of hosting strategies as well as the importance of developing the trust of the local community to support future sport event bids and hosting.Originality/valueThe originality and value of this research paper lies in its use of empirical case study findings to illustrate the potential for hosting capacity legacies of sporting events as well as the level and type of event under investigation (i.e. large-scale, football/soccer).
Effect of Dipping and Vacuum Impregnation Pretreatments on the Quality of Frozen Apples: A Comparative Study on Organic and Conventional Fruits
Authors: Neri Lilia , Santarelli Veronica , Di Mattia Carla D. , Sacchetti Giampiero , Faieta Marco , Mastrocola Dino , Pittia Paola 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effect of dipping and vacuum impregnation (VI) pretreatments with lemon juice solution on the quality and stability of organic and conventional frozen apples was investigated. Fresh apples were characterized; organic apples showed, at equal starch and ripeness index, a lower sugar content, and higher acidity than conventional ones. The polyphenol content was slightly higher in organic apples than in conventional ones while polyphenoloxidase activity was similar. No differences in color and firmness were evidenced. Dipping affected organic and conventional apples’ color by determining an increase of lightness (ΔL* ≈ 4) and h° (Δh° ≈ 6) parameters. VI reduced the lightness of apples (ΔL* ≈ −3) but the addition of lemon juice counterbalanced the lightness reduction by increasing ΔL* from 3 to 1.5 ca. Pretreatments did not affect the firmness of organic fruits while impaired that of the conventional ones ( 26% on average), likely due to different fruit matrix porosity and cell wall composition. Freezing (−40 °C) and frozen storage (up to 300 days) dramatically reduced the firmness of organic (42%) and conventional products (58%). At equal pretreatment and storage time (that is, 15, 30, 300 days), higher firmness retention was evidenced in organic apples than in conventional ones. All through frozen storage, VI was shown to better preserve the mechanical properties of organic apples than that of conventional ones. Both freezing and frozen storage reduced the hue of frozen apple products by up to 8% due to browning reactions. Lemon juice addition increased the hue of both frozen samples and thawed samples by about 2% all through storage time.
Effect of basal insulin supplement therapy on diabetic retinopathy in short‐duration type 2 diabetes: A one‐year randomized parallel‐group trial
Authors: Mu Pan‐Wei , Tang Xi‐Xiang , Tan Ying , Wang Yi‐Na , Lin Shuo , Wang Man‐Man , Shu Jiong , Wang Jing , Zhang Yong‐Jun , Liang Hua , Lin Bai‐Run , Cai Meng‐Yin , Chen Yan‐Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we compared the effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR) between oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) alone and in combination with basal insulin‐supported OADs therapy (BOT). [Correction added on 11 November 2019, after first online publication: In Abstract under Background section, “DR” has been corrected into “diabetic retinopathy (DR)”.]MethodsBetween January 2015 and January 2018, this study enrolled 290 patients (age 18‐65 years) with diabetes duration between 0 and 5 years. Patients were randomly assigned to receive OADs or BOT after 14 days intensive insulin treatment. Examinations were performed at the beginning and end of the study.ResultsFewer patients developed DR in the BOT than OADs group (8 [6.06%] vs 12 [8.3%], respectively), and all cases of DR were non‐proliferative. Blood glucose concentrations were higher in the BOT than OADs group at the 3rd month, but lower in the former at the 6th and 12th month. The rate of reaching target HbA1c ≤7% was lower in the BOT than OADs group at the 3rd month (63.6% vs 72.2%, respectively), similar between the two groups at the 6th month (60.6% vs 66.6%, respectively) and higher in the BOT group at the 12th month (75.0% vs 61.1%, respectively). The SD of fasting blood glucose (FBG), coefficient of variation of FBG, SD of blood glucose (SDBG), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions were lower in the BOT than OADs group. Changes in the levels of three cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17α) were significantly less in the BOT than OADs group.ConclusionsTwelve months of BOT decreased the incidence of DR in short‐duration type 2 diabetes by reducing glycemia more effectively, stably, and completely than OADs alone.
Alterations in White Matter Microstructure and Connectivity in Young Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Chumin Evgeny J. , Grecco Gregory G. , Dzemidzic Mario , Cheng Hu , Finn Peter , Sporns Olaf , Newman Sharlene D. , Yoder Karmen K. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown differences in volume and structure in the brains of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Most research has focused on neuropathological effects of alcohol that appear after years of chronic alcohol misuse. However, few studies have investigated white matter (WM) microstructure and diffusion MRI–based (DWI) connectivity during early stages of AUD. Therefore, the goal of this work was to investigate WM integrity and structural connectivity in emerging adulthood AUD subjects using both conventional DWI metrics and a novel connectomics approach.MethodsTwenty‐two AUD and 18 controls (CON) underwent anatomic and diffusion MRI. Outcome measures were scalar diffusion metrics and structural network connectomes. Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics was used to investigate group differences in diffusion measures. Structural connectomes were used as input into a community structure procedure to obtain a coclassification index matrix (an indicator of community association strength) for each subject. Differences in coclassification and structural connectivity (indexed by streamline density) were assessed via the Network Based Statistics Toolbox.ResultsAUD had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values throughout the major WM tracts, but also had lower FA values in WM tracts in the cerebellum and right insula (pTFCE < 0.05). Mean diffusivity was generally lower in the AUD group (pTFCE < 0.05). AUD had lower coclassification of nodes between ventral attention and default mode networks and higher coclassification between nodes of visual, default mode, and somatomotor networks. Additionally, AUD had higher fiber density between an adjacent pair of nodes within the default mode network.ConclusionsOur results indicate that emerging adulthood AUD subjects may have differential patterns of FA and distinct differences in structural connectomes compared with CON. These data suggest that such alterations in microstructure and structural connectivity may uniquely characterize early stages of AUD and/or a predisposition for development of AUD.
Validation of Alcohol Flushing Questionnaire to Identify ALDH2 Status in a Case–Control Study of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hsiao Jenn‐Ren , Lee Wei‐Ting , Ou Chun‐Yen , Huang Cheng‐Chih , Chang Chan‐Chi , Tsai Sen‐Tien , Chen Ken‐Chung , Huang Jehn‐Shyun , Wong Tung‐Yiu , Lai Yu‐Hsuan , Wu Yuan‐Hua , Hsueh Wei‐Ting , Wu Shang‐Yin , Yen Chia‐Jui , Chang Jang‐Yang , Lin Chen‐Lin , Weng Ya‐Ling , Yang Han‐Chien , Chen Yu‐Shan , Chang Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundCarriers of the ALDH2*2 allele have impaired alcohol metabolism and are more susceptible to the development of alcohol‐related cancers, including head and neck cancer (HNC). Screening for ALDH2*2 allele may identify high‐risk individuals for alcohol health education. Although genotyping of ALDH2 is the most accurate way to identify ALDH2 deficiency, it may not be practical due to the cost and requirement for genotyping service.MethodsThis study evaluated the accuracy of the alcohol flushing questionnaire to identify ALDH2 deficiency in a case–control study of HNC conducted in Taiwan using data collected from 904 patients with HNC and 1,078 controls.ResultsOverall, alcohol flushing questionnaire had a high sensitivity (89%) of identifying ALDH2*2 carriers among the control subjects and a good sensitivity (79%) among the patients with HNC. The sensitivity of the alcohol flushing questionnaire in identifying ALDH2*2 carriers was affected by alcohol use, with a lower sensitivity among individuals who consumed alcohol, particularly among current regular (drinking alcohol once per week or more) alcohol drinkers.ConclusionsThe current validation study showed that the alcohol flushing questionnaire may be a reasonable method to identify ALDH2‐deficient individuals. However, current regular users of alcohol who reported no alcohol flushing may need to undergo genotyping of ALDH2 for a more accurate assessment of the ALDH2 status.
Impact of body mass index on utilization of selected hospital resources for four common surgical procedures
Authors: Freckelton Luke , Lambert Kelly , Smith Natalie A. , Westley‐Wise Victoria , Lago Luise , Mullan Judy 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundEvidence about the impact of obesity on surgical resource consumption in the Australian setting is equivocal. Our objectives were to quantify the prevalence of obesity in four frequently performed surgical procedures and explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and hospital resource utilization including procedural duration, length of stay (LOS) and costs.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing four surgical procedures at a tertiary referral centre in New South Wales, between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016, was conducted. The four surgical procedures were total hip replacement, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hysteroscopy with dilatation and curettage. Surgical groups were stratified according to BMI category.ResultsA total of 699 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher than local and national population estimates for all procedures except appendectomy. BMI was not associated with increased hospital resource utilization (procedural, anaesthetic or intensive care stay duration) in any of the four surgical procedures examined after controlling for age, gender and complexity. For other outcomes of hospital resource utilization (LOS and cost), the relationship was inconsistent across the four procedures examined. A high BMI was positively associated with higher LOS, medical costs and allied health costs in those who underwent an appendectomy, and critical care costs in those who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.ConclusionObesity was common in patients undergoing four frequently performed surgical procedures. The relationship between BMI and hospital resource utilization appears to be complex and varies across the four procedures examined.
Association between higher ambient temperature and orthopaedic infection rates: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vickers Mark L. , Pelecanos Anita , Tran Marie , Eriksson Lars , Assoum Mohamad , Harris Patrick N. , Jaiprakash Anjali , Parkinson Benjamin , Dulhunty Joel , Crawford Ross W. 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionMany infectious diseases display seasonal variation corresponding with particular conditions. In orthopaedics a growing body of evidence has identified surges in post‐operative infection rates during higher temperature periods. The aim of this research was to collate and synthesize the current literature on this topic.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed using five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Central (Cochrane)). Study quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated from monthly infection rates and a pooled OR was generated using the DerSimonian and Lairds method. A protocol for this review was registered with the National Institute for Health Research International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42017081871).ResultsEighteen studies analysing over 19 000 cases of orthopaedic related infection met inclusion criteria. Data on 6620 cases and 9035 controls from 12 studies were included for meta‐analysis. The pooled OR indicated an overall increased odds of post‐operative infection for patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures during warmer periods of the year (pooled OR 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.30).ConclusionA small but significantly increased odds of post‐operative infection may exist for orthopaedic patients who undergo procedures during higher temperature periods. It is hypothesized that this effect is geographically dependent and confounded by meteorological factors, local cultural variables and hospital staffing cycles.
The role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in non‐physiological shear stress‐induced platelet activation
Authors: Chen Zengsheng , Li Tieluo , Kareem Kafayat , Tran Douglas , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has been implicated in playing an important role in platelet activation during hemostasis and thrombosis involving platelet‐matrix interaction and platelet aggregation. Its role in non‐physiological shear stress (NPSS)‐induced platelet activation relevant to high‐shear blood contacting medical devices (BCMDs) is unclear. In the context of blood cells flowing in BCMDs, platelets are subjected to NPSS (>100 Pa) with very short exposure time (<1 s). In this study, we investigated whether NPSS with short exposure time induces platelet activation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Healthy donor blood treated with or without PI3K inhibitor was subjected to NPSS (150 Pa) with short exposure time (0.5 s). Platelet activation indicated by the surface P‐selectin expression and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa was quantified using flow cytometry. The phosphorylation of Akt, activation of the PI3K signaling, was characterized by western blotting. Changes in adhesion behavior of NPSS‐sheared platelets on fibrinogen, collagen, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were quantified with fluorescent microscopy by perfusing the NPSS‐sheared and PI3K inhibitor‐treated blood through fibrinogen, collagen, and vWF‐coated microcapillary tubes. The results showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling was involved with both NPSS‐induced platelet activation and platelet‐matrix interaction. NPSS‐sheared platelets exhibited exacerbated platelet adhesion on fibrinogen, but had diminished platelet adhesion on collagen and vWF. The inhibition of PI3K signaling reduced P‐selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation with suppressed Akt phosphorylation and abolished NPSS‐enhanced platelet adhesion on fibrinogen in NPSS‐sheared blood. The inhibition of PI3K signaling can attenuate the adhesion of unsheared platelets (baseline) on collagen and vWF, while had no impact on adhesion of NPSS‐sheared platelets on collagen and vWF. This study confirmed the important role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in NPSS‐induced platelet activation. The finding of this study suggests that blocking PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be a potential method to treat thrombosis in patients implanted with BCMDs.
Editorial: post‐operative elevation of liver enzymes and modern volatile anaesthetics—guilty as charged?
Authors: Laschtowitz Alena , Sebode Marcial 
Published: April 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Bishop et al and Nicoll et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15168 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15237.
Letter: meta‐analysis of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics in IBS
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Zhang Weina , Miao Yuanxin , Chen Zhenyu 
Published: April 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ford et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15001 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15234.
Early and late mortality following unscheduled admissions for severe liver disease across England and Wales
Authors: Roberts Stephen E. , John Ann , Brown Jonathan , Napier Duncan J. , Lyons Ronan A. , Williams John G. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere is a known shortfall in hepatology service resources across England and Wales.AimTo investigate early and late mortality following unscheduled admissions for severe liver disease, overall and by cause of death, and to determine how mortality is related to admissions to transplant centres, transplant surgery, hospital size, consultant specialty, patient socio‐demographics, seasonal and geographical factors.MethodsCohorts of people with a first unscheduled admission for severe liver disease across England and Wales from 2004, based on record linkage of national inpatient and mortality data.FindingsMortality for alcoholic liver disease and hepatic failure was 23.4% and 35.4% respectively at 60 days and 61.8% and 57.1% at 5 years. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were extremely high at 60 days (184 and 117 respectively) and remained highly increased at 5 years (16.7 and 6.3). Mortality at 5 years was most elevated from liver disease, viral hepatitis and varices. The 60‐day mortality was significantly lower for patients seen by consultant hepatologists and gastroenterologists. Both early and late mortality were significantly reduced for patients admitted to transplant centres or larger hospitals, who received a liver transplant, or were resident in London. Early mortality was significantly higher for patients admitted in winter and autumn, while elevated mortality among the most vs least deprived quintile increased with longer follow‐up.ConclusionsThe study shows a very poor prognosis for people with unscheduled hospitalisation for severe liver disease. The findings suggest that access to specialist expertise and services improves survival, both in the short and long term.
Relationship among ovarian follicular status, developmental competence of oocytes, and anti‐Müllerian hormone levels: A comparative study in Japanese wild boar crossbred gilts and Large White gilts
Authors: Tanihara Fuminori , Hirata Maki , Iizuka Satoru , Sairiki Shinya , Nii Masahiro , Nguyen Nhien Thi , Le Quynh Anh , Hirano Takayuki , Otoi Takeshige 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian follicular development, developmental competence of oocytes, and plasma anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels of Japanese wild boar crossbred (wild hybrid) gilts, whose litter size is inferior to that of European breeds. Ovary and plasma samples were collected from two different breeds of gilts (wild hybrid and Large White breeds). The ovaries from the wild hybrid gilts had a lower average numbers of secondary follicles and vesicular follicles in ovarian cross‐sections and of good quality oocytes collected from ovarian follicles as compared with those from Large White gilts (p < 0.05). The development rate to the blastocyst stage of good quality oocytes after in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture was also lower (p < 0.05) in wild hybrid gilts than in Large White gilts. Plasma AMH levels with >0.16 ng/ml were detected in 8.3% of the examined wild hybrid gilts and 33% of the Large White gilts. These results indicate that the low reproductive performance of wild hybrid breed may result in part from low numbers of vesicular follicles and good quality oocytes, and low developmental competence of oocytes. Moreover, plasma AMH levels may support low number of vesicular follicles in ovaries of wild hybrid gilts.
Gender and age differences in pre‐schoolers’ weight bias beliefs and behavioural intentions
Authors: Harriger Jennifer , Trammell Janet , Wick Madeline , Luedke Madeline 
Published: April 2019

Weight bias is present in children as young as 3 years old; however, research regarding gender differences is mixed. This study examined gender and age differences in weight bias attitudes in a sample of 3‐ to 5‐year‐old pre‐schoolers. Children assigned positive or negative adjectives to thin, average, or large targets and selected one of these targets as their best friend. Girls showed a larger weight bias than boys in both tasks, and weight bias increased with age in the adjective attribution task. Findings clarify previously mixed gender results and demonstrate that while weight bias beliefs strengthen during the pre‐school years, weight bias behavioural intentions do not. The results highlight the importance of continued efforts to address weight bias in young children.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Weight bias is linked to negative consequences in young children.

Children as young as 3 years old demonstrate weight bias.

Findings regarding gender differences in weight bias in pre‐schoolers are mixed.

What does this study add?

Girls demonstrated higher weight bias than boys in an adjective attribution and best friend selection task.

Weight bias increased with age in the adjective attribution task but not in the friend selection task.

Weight bias beliefs strengthen during the pre‐school years; however, weight bias behavioural intentions do not.