bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal repetition time for free breathing myocardial arterial spin labeling
Authors: Aramendía‐Vidaurreta Verónica , García‐Osés Alejandro , Vidorreta Marta , Bastarrika Gorka , Fernández‐Seara María A. 
Published: February 2019

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) offers a noninvasive and repeatable measurement of tissue blood flow, but its application in the human heart is still challenging. The aim of this study was to improve the scan efficiency of flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) ASL using a single inversion time. First, by evaluating a free breathing acquisition without navigators. Second, by shortening TR to acquire more ASL pairs.A FAIR ASL with balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) readout was implemented at 3 T and tested in 14 healthy volunteers. Three cardiac‐triggered ASL scans with different TRs were compared while maintaining a constant acquisition time. These scans were named by the trigger pulse (TP) that started each acquisition: every two (TP1), four (TP2) and six (TP3) cardiac cycles. Two studies were performed on different days to assess the reproducibility of TP2 and TP3 scans. Perfusion response during passive leg raising was also evaluated. Student t‐test and nonparametric equivalent were computed for perfusion differences. Bland–Altman and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for the reproducibility assessment.Mean myocardial blood flow (MBF) values measured at rest were: 1.47 ± 0.91 ml/g/min (TP1), 1.95 ± 0.93 ml/g/min (TP2) and 1.94 ± 1.41 ml/g/min (TP3). Intrasession CV was 17.15% (TP2) and 24.17% (TP3) and intersession CV was 36.86% (TP2) and 18.38% (TP3). Mean MBF was found to increase with passive stress by 0.22 ± 0.41 ml/g/min for TP2 (P = 0.037).Mean MBF values were consistent with the literature, although in the high end of the normal range. The lower MBF values measured in TP1 scans are attributable to saturation of blood outside the slice because of shorter TR. Free breathing FAIR cardiac ASL without navigators is feasible. A TR of approximately four seconds (TP2) offers the best alternative with similar mean ASL and tSNR than longer TR acquisitions.
Stem-Cell Therapy for Esophageal Anastomotic Leakage by Autografting Stromal Cells in Fibrin Scaffold
Authors: Xue Xiang , Yan Yan , Ma Ye , Yuan Yang , Li Chunguang , Lang Xilong , Xu Zhiyun , Chen Hezhong , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Esophageal anastomotic leakage (EAL) is a devastating complication for esophagectomy but the available therapies are unsatisfactory. Due to the healing effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and supporting capability of fibrin scaffold (FS), we evaluated the efficacy of a stem-cell therapy for EAL by engrafting adult and autologous MSCs (AAMSCs) in FS and investigated the potential mechanism. Twenty-one rabbits were assigned to AAMSC/FS group (n = 12) and control group (n = 9). After harvested, AAMSCs were identified and then labeled with lenti.GFP. To construct EAL model, a polyethylene tube was indwelled through the anastomosis for 1 week. A total of 2 × 106 AAMSCs in 0.2 ml FS were engrafted onto the EAL for the AAMSC/FS group, whereas FS was injected for control. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination was performed after 5 weeks. Esophageal tissues were harvested for macroscopic, histological analyses, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry at 8 weeks. The animal model of EAL was established successfully. MRI scanning revealed a decreased inflammation reaction in AAMSC/FS group. Accordingly, AAMSC/FS group presented a higher closure rate (83.3% vs. 11.1%, p = .02) and lower infection rate (33.3% vs. 88.9%, p = .02). Histological analyses showed the autografted MSCs resided in the injection site. Furthermore, milder inflammation responses and less collagen deposition were observed in AAMSC/FS group. Western blot and immunohistochemistry studies suggested that the therapeutic effect might be related to the secretions of IL-10 and MMP-9. Engrafting AAMSCs in FS could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of EAL by suppressing inflammation response and alleviating fibrosis progression. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:548–556
Synthesis of Aroylbenzoate‐Based Push‐Pull Molecules for OFET Applications
Authors: Devibala Panneerselvam , Dheepika Ramachandran , Vadivelu Prabha , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSolution‐processable organic semiconductors have attracted great attention in recent years, because of their performance and reliability in potential applications. Here, we report the solution processable donor‐acceptor (D−A) conjugated molecules comprised of aroylbenzoate as acceptor, triarylamine or methoxyphenyl groups as donor and ethynyl spacer. Molecules with triarylamine donor exhibited strong absorption at 350–380 nm. HOMO levels around 5.5 eV ensures low barrier for hole injection. Optimized geometry and charge distribution over the molecules are visualized by density functional theory (DFT). Organic field effect transistors of these molecules are fabricated with bottom gate‐top contact configuration. The devices exhibited charge carrier mobility up to 2.16 × 10−3 cm2 V–1 s–1 and ON/OFF of 104 with low threshold voltage of −3.2 V.
Sodium Formate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]/Spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidine] Derivatives
Authors: Nurjamal Khondekar , Brahmachari Goutam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA simple, straightforward, and eco‐friendly protocol for one‐pot synthesis of a new series of diversely functionalized spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines] (4)/spiro[acenaphthylene‐1,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidines] (5/5′) has been developed based on a three‐component reaction between isatins (1)/ acenaphthylene‐1,2‐dione (1′), malononitrile (2)/2‐(phenylsulfonyl)acetonitrile (2′) and 6‐aminouracils (3)/6‐aminothiouracil (3′) in aqueous ethanol under reflux using sodium formate as cheap and non‐toxic organocatalyst. Metal‐free synthesis, one‐pot MCR strategy, good to excellent yields, high atom‐economy and eco‐friendliness are the key advantages of this protocol.
3D Printing Artificial Blood Vessel Constructs Using PCL/Chitosan/Hydrogel Biocomposites
Authors: Ulag Songul , Kalkandelen Cevriye , Oktar Faik Nuzhet , Uzun Muhammet , Sahin Yesim Muge , Karademir Betul , Arslan Sema , Ozbolat Ibrahim Tarik , Mahirogullari Mahir , Gunduz Oguzhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present paper aims to overcome the problems related to previous use of autologous grafts using available synthetic grafts. To examine the optimum of the ideal vessel‐like constructs parameters are produced at 230 °C. At this production temperature, the elastic modulus values of the constructs ranges from 56 MPa to 174 MPa. The maximum cell proliferation is obtained from PCL/7wt.%CS/5wt.%H that is tested by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The structures are visualized with all constructs after cell fixation by making use of the HUVEC cell line.
Facile and Sensitive Fluorescence Assay of DNA Polymerase Activity Using Cu2+ and Ascorbate as Signal Developers
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Liu Qiang , Jin Yan , Li Baoxin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report herein a label‐free and turn‐on fluorescence approach for detecting DNA polymerase activity. In the presence of DNA polymerase, the DNA primer could be elongated to produce one long double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA). Then, the produced dsDNA acted as the template for in‐situ synthesizing fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) via Cu2+–ascorbate reaction (10 min at room temperature), and the fluorescent intensity of the CuNCs was used to quantify the activity of DNA polymerase. In this strategy, cheap CuSO4 and ascorbate acted as fluorescence developers, so this method is low‐cost and easy to carry out. Interestingly, based on the sequence‐dependent fluorescence of DNA‐templated CuNCs, we rationally designed the sequence of DNA substrate to decrease the background and increase the signal of this assay. Therefore, this proposed method exhibited a high sensitivity toward DNA polymerase, and the limit of detection was 3.7×10–7 U/μL for Klenow Fragment (KF) polymerase. The strategy suggests a “mix‐and‐detect” homogenous assay format without precipitation, separation and washing. The whole process (including enzyme reaction and synthesizing CuNCs) can be completed in a single tube. This fluorescence method is low‐cost and simple, and shows potential application in some biomedical studies and clinical diagnostics.
Solvent‐Assistant Purification for the Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Catalyzed by Solid Acid
Authors: Hua Lezhou , Geng Yanyan , Wang Wen , Feng Juhong , Ma Zhong‐Hua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTraditional methods of isolating product from reaction mixture via chromatography or recrystallization suffer disadvantages of generation of waste like silica gels and toxic organic solvents, time‐ and labor‐consuming procedure. To solve the problem, a product purification strategy has been developed based on the solubility control of the products in water‐containing solvents, with the use of hydrophobic solid acid as catalyst. The method provides up to 99% LC‐purity for 34 indole derivatives in the Michael addition and condensation reaction. The formation of the agglomeration between products and hydrophobic solid catalyst plays important role.
Solvent‐Promoted Catalyst‐Free Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Komoda Kazuki , Shimokawa Ai , Amii Hideki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluoroalkyl silanes are useful building blocks for nucleophilic introduction of fluoroalkyl groups into organic molecules. In general, fluoroalkyl silanes per se are stable compounds, but they are amenable to reactions as fluoroalkyl anion equivalents in the presence of base such as fluoride ion. Usually, KF acts as a good catalyst for nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of carbonyl compounds. To avoid the use of hygroscopic fluoride salts, we have developed a convenient catalyst‐free method for nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of aldehydes and ketones by the use of fluoroalkyl silanes. Trifluoromethyl(trimethyl)silane (Me3Si‐CF3), and other fluoroalkyl silanes (Me3Si‐Rf) underwent solvent‐promoted nucleophilic addition to aldehydes smoothly to give fluoroalkylated alcohols in good yields. In the present reactions, the use of polar solvents such as DMSO, DMF or NMP is essential to the formation of 1,2‐adducts.
A secure fog‐based platform for SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructure
Authors: Baker Thar , Asim Muhammad , MacDermott Áine , Iqbal Farkhund , Kamoun Faouzi , Shah Babar , Alfandi Omar , Hammoudeh Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe rapid proliferation of Internet of things (IoT) devices, such as smart meters and water valves, into industrial critical infrastructures and control systems has put stringent performance and scalability requirements on modern Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. While cloud computing has enabled modern SCADA systems to cope with the increasing amount of data generated by sensors, actuators, and control devices, there has been a growing interest recently to deploy edge data centers in fog architectures to secure low‐latency and enhanced security for mission‐critical data. However, fog security and privacy for SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructures remains an under‐researched area. To address this challenge, this contribution proposes a novel security “toolbox” to reinforce the integrity, security, and privacy of SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructure at the fog layer. The toolbox incorporates a key feature: a cryptographic‐based access approach to the cloud services using identity‐based cryptography and signature schemes at the fog layer. We present the implementation details of a prototype for our proposed secure fog‐based platform and provide performance evaluation results to demonstrate the appropriateness of the proposed platform in a real‐world scenario. These results can pave the way toward the development of a more secure and trusted SCADA‐based IoT critical infrastructure, which is essential to counter cyber threats against next‐generation critical infrastructure and industrial control systems. The results from the experiments demonstrate a superior performance of the secure fog‐based platform, which is around 2.8 seconds when adding five virtual machines (VMs), 3.2 seconds when adding 10 VMs, and 112 seconds when adding 1000 VMs, compared to the multilevel user access control platform.
Outcome of non‐visualization of fetal gallbladder on second‐trimester ultrasound: cohort study and systematic review of literature
Authors: Di Pasquo E. , Kuleva M. , Rousseau A. , Vitucci A. , Sonigo P. , Chardot C. , Salomon L. J. , Ville Y. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the ultrasound characteristics and outcome of fetuses with non‐visualization of the fetal gallbladder (NVFGB) followed in our tertiary university hospital, and to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on prenatal findings and outcome of NVFGB.MethodsNVFGB was defined as non‐visualization of the gallbladder on two targeted ultrasound examinations performed within a 1‐week period. First, we reviewed the medical records of NVFGB cases managed in our center over a 9‐year period. Then, we performed a systematic review of the literature to identify studies on NVFGB. The incidence of chromosomal anomalies, later visualization of the gallbladder, gallbladder agenesis, cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia was assessed in fetuses with isolated and non‐isolated NVFGB. The role of hepatic enzyme measurements in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia in fetuses with NVFGB was also reviewed.ResultsSixteen cases of NVFGB were followed in our center, in 10 (62.5%) of which it was an isolated finding. The incidence of biliary atresia was 12.5% and that of gallbladder agenesis was 12.5%, while no case of cystic fibrosis was reported. The gallbladder was visualized later in pregnancy or postnatally in 43.8% and 25.0% of cases, respectively. A total of seven studies, including our cohort, involving a total of 280 NVFGB cases, met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Overall, 20.5% of fetuses had an associated ultrasound anomaly, and the incidence of chromosomal anomaly in this group was 20.4%. In cases with isolated NVFGB, the incidence of chromosomal anomaly was 1.9%. In fetuses with normal karyotype and isolated NVFGB, the gallbladder was later visualized in 70.4% of cases, while the incidence of gallbladder agenesis, cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia was 25.2%, 3.1% and 4.8%, respectively. In fetuses with non‐isolated NVFGB, the incidence of cystic fibrosis and biliary atresia was 23.1% and 18.2%, respectively. The negative predictive value of amniotic fluid enzyme levels for the prediction of severe disease (including biliary atresia or cystic fibrosis) ranged between 94% and 100% when evaluated before 22 weeks' gestation, and dropped to 88% after 22 weeks.ConclusionsIn cases with persistent NVFGB, the risk of a severe postnatal condition should be considered. A detailed ultrasound scan should be offered and parents tested for cystic fibrosis gene mutation. An invasive procedure for karyotyping and measurement of liver enzyme concentrations before 22 weeks constitutes a reasonable work‐up. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Four-loop quark form factor with quartic fundamental colour factor
Authors: Lee Roman N. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Smirnov Vladimir A. , Steinhauser Matthias 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe analytically compute the four-loop QCD corrections for the colour structure (dFabcd)2to the massless non-singlet quark form factor. The computation involves non-trivial non-planar integral families which have master integrals in the top sector. We compute the master integrals by introducing a second mass scale and solving differential equations with respect to the ratio of the two scales. We present details of our calculational procedure. Analytical results for the cusp and collinear anomalous dimensions, and the finite part of the form factor are presented. We also provide analytic results for all master integrals expanded up to weight eight.
An inviscid analysis of the Prandtl azimuthal mass transport during swirl-type sloshing
Authors: Faltinsen Odd M. , Timokha Alexander N. 
Published: February 2019

An inviscid analytical theory of a slow steady liquid mass rotation during the swirl-type sloshing in a vertical circular cylindrical tank with a fairly deep depth is proposed by utilising the asymptotic steady-state wave solution by Faltinsen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 804, 2016, pp. 608–645). The tank performs a periodic horizontal motion with the forcing frequency close to the lowest natural sloshing frequency. The azimuthal mass transport (first observed in experiments by Prandtl (Z. Angew. Math. Mech., vol. 29(1/2), 1949, pp. 8–9)) is associated with the summarised effect of a vortical Eulerian-mean flow, which, as we show, is governed by the inviscid Craik–Leibovich equation, and an azimuthal non-Eulerian mean. Suggesting the mass-transport velocity tends to zero when approaching the vertical wall (supported by existing experiments) leads to a unique non-trivial solution of the Craik–Leibovich boundary problem and, thereby, gives an analytical expression for the summarised mass-transport velocity within the framework of the inviscid hydrodynamic model. The analytical solution is validated by comparing it with suitable experimental data.
Exact theoretical distributions around the replicate results of a germination test
Authors: Laffont Jean-Louis , Hong Bonnie , Kuo Bo-Jein , Remund Kirk M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany seed quality tests are conducted by first randomly assigning seeds into replicates of a given size. The replicate results are then used to check whether or not any problems occur in the realization of the test. The two main tools developed for this verification are the ratio of the observed variance of the replicate results to a theoretical variance and the tolerance for the range of the results. In this paper, we derive the theoretical distribution and its related properties of the sequence of numbers of seeds with a given quality attribute present in the replicates. From these theoretical results, we revisit the two quality checking tools widely used for the germination test. We show a precaution to be taken when relying on the variance ratio to check for under- or over-dispersion of the replicate results. This has led to the development of tables providing credible intervals of the variance ratio. The International Seed Testing Association tolerance tables for the range of the results are also compared with tolerances computed from the exact theoretical distribution of the range, leading us to recommend a revision of these tables.
Zum Zusammenhang von Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen und ausgewählten Exekutivfunktionen bei Kindern mit ADHS
Authors: Jaščenoka Julia , Schwörer Mona Céline , Petermann Franz , Petermann Ulrike 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Defizite in Exekutivfunktionen werden als ein wesentliches Merkmal einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung angesehen. Bisher liegen wenige standardisierte Testverfahren zur Erfassung solcher exekutiven Defizite vor, die bei Kindern und Jugendlichen besonders eng mit einer ADHS assoziiert scheinen (kognitive Flexibilität, Inhibition, Handlungsplanung, „Switching“). Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Studie war deshalb die Validierung des neuropsychologischen Moduls des ADHS-Diagnostikums für Kinder und Jugendliche (ADHS-KJ-NPT). Diesbezüglich wurde eine Stichprobe von 58 ADHS-Kindern (77.6 % männlich) im Alter von 6 bis 12 Jahren ( M = 9.01 Jahre; SD = 1.43) mit dem ADHS-KJ-NPT sowie mit den Untertests des Index Arbeitsgedächtnis und des Index Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit des Wechsler-Intelligenztests (WISC-V) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ADHS-KJ-NPT-Untertests, die darauf abzielen, Defizite in der Inhibitionsfähigkeit zu erfassen, mit dem WISC-V-Index Arbeitsgedächtnis korrelieren. Zudem wurden Korrelationen zwischen dem WISC-V-Index Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit und den ADHS-KJ-NPT-Untertests gefunden, mit denen Defizite in der flexiblen Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung und in der Inhibitionsfähigkeit auf äußere Reize erfasst werden sollen. Diese Korrelationen stellten sich bei 6- bis 9-jährigen Kindern als substanziell heraus, während dies bei 10- bis 12-Jährigen nicht der Fall ist. Die Studie trägt weiter zur Fundierung der Kriteriumsvalidität des neuropsychologischen Moduls des ADHS-KJ bei.
Conformity Within the Campbell Paradigm
Authors: Brügger Adrian , Dorn Michael H. , Messner Claude , Kaiser Florian G. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Conformity – people’s propensity to comply with the norms and expectations of others – is an important driver of behavior. In this research, we develop a measure of people’s level of conformity which is grounded in an innovative paradigm from attitude research. By relying on relatively easy-to-answer questions about past activities, the new scale addresses some of the conceptual and methodical shortcomings of existing conformity measures. Using a sample of 1,398 people, we calibrated individuals’ claims about how they have conformed with norms, conventions, and the expectations of others in the past. Even though some conformity items seem somewhat gender sensitive, all 33 of them nevertheless form a fairly reliable Rasch scale (rel = .67). Convergent and discriminant validity were corroborated with substantial overlaps with traditional conformity, social desirability, and conscientiousness measures, and with a moderate negative correspondence with people’s desire for uniqueness. Incremental and explanatory validity was provided in a quasi-experiment ( n = 152) on evaluations of commercials.
A Framework to Determine the Limits of Achievable Skill for Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictions
Authors: Liu Yiling , Donat Markus G. , Taschetto Andréa S. , Doblas‐Reyes Francisco J. , Alexander Lisa V. , England Matthew H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn interannual to decadal predictions, forecast quality may arise from the initial state of the system, from long‐term changes due to external forcing such as the increase in greenhouse gases concentrations, and from internally generated variability in a model. In this study, we use a new framework to investigate achievable skill of decadal predictions by comparing perfect‐model prediction experiments with predictions of the real world in order to identify margins for possible improvements to prediction systems. In addition, we assess the added value from capturing the initial state in the climate system over changes due to climate forcing in decadal predictions focusing on annual average near‐surface temperature. We find that ideal initialization may substantially improve the predictions during the first two lead years particularly in parts of the Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic, and some surrounding land areas (the lead time is the elapsed time since the beginning of a prediction). On longer time scales, the predictions rely more on model performance in simulating low‐frequency variability and long‐term changes due to external forcing. This framework identifies the limits of predictability using the National Centre for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model Version 4 and clarifies the margins of achievable improvements from enhancing different components of the prediction system such as initialization, response to external forcing, and internal variability. We encourage similar experiments to be performed using other climate models, to better understand the dependence of predictability on the model used.