bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of electroencephalogram signal for the detection of epilepsy using Innovative Genetic Programming
Authors: Bhardwaj Harshit , Sakalle Aditi , Bhardwaj Arpit , Tiwari Aruna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEpilepsy, sometimes called seizure disorder, is a neurological condition that justifies itself as a susceptibility to seizures. A seizure is a sudden burst of rhythmic discharges of electrical activity in the brain that causes an alteration in behaviour, sensation, or consciousness. It is essential to have a method for automatic detection of seizures, as these seizures are arbitrary and unpredictable. A profound study of the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is required for the accurate detection of these epileptic seizures. In this study, an Innovative Genetic Programming framework is proposed for classification of EEG signals into seizure and nonseizure. An empirical mode decomposition technique is used for the feature extraction followed by genetic programming for the classification. Moreover, a method for intron deletion, hybrid crossover, and mutation operation is proposed, which are responsible for the increase in classification accuracy and a decrease in time complexity. This suggests that the Innovative Genetic Programming classifier has a potential for accurately predicting the seizures in an EEG signal and hints on the possibility of building a real‐time seizure detection system.
Potential for use of passive acoustic monitoring of piranhas in the Pacaya–Samiria National Reserve in Peru
Authors: Rountree Rodney A. , Juanes Francis 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be an effective tool in the identification of fishes and mapping of their temporal and spatial distribution patterns and thereby aids in ecosystem management in remote locations. However, to date measurements of the acoustic properties of piranha have been primarily made in aquaria on captive specimens obtained through the aquarium trade. Data on the sound production of wild piranha taken under natural field conditions would enhance PAM applications.

Piranha captured as part of routine annual monitoring by Operation Wallacea within the Pacaya–Samiria National Reserve in Peru were auditioned for sound production prior to release. Auditioning was done by gently holding a fish underwater in the river near a suspended hydrophone, thus recordings included the piranha sound as well as natural ambient sound.

Seventy‐nine per cent of the 129 auditioned piranha, including Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus maculatus, Serrasalmus cf. sanchezi and an unidentified Serrasalmus spp. complex, produced sounds consisting of 2 to 23 barks in a sequential series. Sound production by S. maculatus and S. cf. sanchezi are reported for the first time. Bark characteristics exhibited high variation within bark series of individual fish. Piranha could not be distinguished by single variables but did exhibit significant multivariate differences. The relationship of several variables to fish size also differed significantly among species. Measurements of within‐fish variation and bark series pattern attributes were found to be useful for discrimination of sounds among piranha species.

We demonstrate that closely related species of piranha can be distinguished by their sounds under natural acoustic conditions based on multivariate analyses, suggesting that passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be an effective tool for ecosystem management in the Amazon. More broadly, our study also suggests (a) the need to report more detailed statistical descriptions of fish sounds, including measures of within‐fish variation, (b) the importance of describing characteristics of sound series produced by fishes in addition to those of individual sound types and (c) the need to deposit museum voucher specimens to anchor specific sounds to specific individuals.
Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Hinojosa Leonardo , Matanguihan Janet B. , Murphy Kevin M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained considerable attention worldwide during the past decade due to its nutritional and health benefits. However, its susceptibility to high temperatures has been reported as a serious obstacle to its global production. The objective of this study was to evaluate quinoa growth and pollen morphology in response to high temperatures. Pollen morphology and viability, plant growth and seed set, and several physiological parameters were measured at anthesis in two genotypes of quinoa subjected to day/night temperatures of 22/16°C as a control treatment and 40/24°C as the heat stress treatment. Our results showed that heat stress reduced the pollen viability between 30% and 70%. Although no visible morphological differences were observed on the surface of the pollen between the heat‐stressed and non‐heat‐stressed treatments, the pollen wall (intine and extine) thickness increased due to heat stress. High temperature did not affect seed yield, seed size and leaf greenness. On the other hand, high temperature improved the rate of photosynthesis. We found that quinoa has a high plasticity in response to high temperature, though pollen viability and pollen wall structure were affected by high temperatures in anthesis stage. This study is also the first report of quinoa pollen being trinucleate.
Decontamination of fresh‐cut Chinese yams with ethanol, ascorbic acid and combinations following produce inoculations with Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens
Authors: Gao Jia , Zhu Yongqing , Luo Fangyao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDetermining the most effective method for preventing pathogen survival during washing operations is important for the safety of fresh‐cut produce. This study evaluated the efficacy of lower concentrations (15–35%, v/v) of ethanol, alone or in combination with ascorbic acid (AA) (1%, m/v), as well as different washing methods (wash time and number of washes), for inactivating the human pathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella on inoculated fresh‐cut Chinese yam (Rhizoma dioscoreae, Dioscorea opposita) slices. The results showed that a wash solution consisting of 25% ethanol and 1% AA significantly reduced the populations of E. coli and Salmonella pathogens more than 1 log cfu/g, which is better than ethanol alone (p < .05). There was no significant difference found between ethanol concentrations of 20 and 35% (p > .05). Wash time and number of washes also influenced the effectiveness of pathogen inactivation. However, increasing wash time above 5 min or increasing the number of washes above two had little effect on the reduction of pathogen populations.Practical applicationsThe purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of a novel wash method for inactivating the pathogens on inoculated fresh‐cut Chinese yams. The results from this study may be beneficial for the fresh‐cut food industry as pathogen contamination are major concerns and currently there are no satisfactory solutions that can eliminated pathogens while maintaining quality.
Ras association domain family 1 isoform A suppresses colonic tumor cell growth through p21WAF1 activation in a p53‐dependent manner
Authors: Oh Shin Ju , Lee Min‐Goo , Moon Jung Rock , Lee Chang Kyun , Chi Sung‐Gil , Kim Hyo Jong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimDespite the frequent loss of Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) expression in various cancers, the precise mechanism underlying its tumor‐suppressive effect is not fully understood. To elucidate the growth‐inhibitory role for RASSF1A in colorectal tumorigenesis, this study investigated the RASSF1A regulation of the p53‐p21WAF1 pathway.MethodsRas association domain family 1 isoform A effect on cellular growth was tested in three human colon cancer cell lines by flow cytometry, cell counting, and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation assay. HCT116 p53+/+ and p53−/− isogenic sublines were utilized to determine the p53 dependence of RASSF1A effect on p21WAF1. Cycloheximide chase experiment and immunoprecipitation assay were carried out to define RASSF1A effect on p53 stability and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog ubiquitination.ResultsRas association domain family 1 isoform A expression inhibits colonic cell proliferation by preventing the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. The RASSF1A‐induced G1 cell cycle arrest is accompanied by the increase in the level of p21WAF1 mRNA expression. The p21WAF‐inducing activity of RASSF1A was substantially higher in HCT116 p53+/+ cell compared with isogenic p53−/− cells. The cycloheximide chase assay revealed that RASSF1A expression leads to p53 stabilization and MDM2 homolog degradation. Using p53−/− and p21WAF1−/− subline cells, this study finally validated a crucial role of the p53‐p21WAF1 axis in RASSF1A‐mediated growth inhibition.ConclusionsRASSF1A suppresses colonic tumor growth through the activation of the p53‐p21WAF1 pathway. This finding supports that RASSF1A could be a valuable marker for the assessment of colorectal cancer development and progression.
Road Work: Highways and Hegemony in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Jobson Ryan Cecil 
Published: September 2018

ResumenEn Trinidad y Tobago, los caminos funcionan como un medio estatal para traducir los beneficios de petróleo y gas a fuentes de apoyo popular y electoral. Como resultado, las carreteras funcionan como sitios de confrontación entre funcionarios parlamentarios y ciudadanos descontentos sobre cuestiones de contratación pública, desarrollo y gobernanza. Basado en trabajo de campo prolongado con el Movimiento de Re‐Ruta de la Autopista (HRM)—un grupo de residentes movilizados contra el proyecto de autopista más grande en la historia de Trinidad y Tobago—este artículo propone el trabajo vial como un enfoque metodológico y teórico en la antropología política del Caribe. A partir de la interpretación dual de “vial” en la jerga trinitaria como vía material de tránsito y espacio carnavalesco de potencialidad democrática, este artículo define el trabajo vial como una práctica insurgente que desafía las lógicas instrumentales del estado rentier a través de una atención crítica a las infraestructuras materiales y las redes burocráticas que avalan el orden político postcolonial. [antropología social, desarrollo, movimientos sociales, politica, Trinidad y Tobago]
Intake, sources, and determinants of free sugars intake in Australian children aged 12–14 months
Authors: Devenish Gemma , Ytterstad Elinor , Begley Andrea , Do Loc , Scott Jane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe consumption of free sugars is directly associated with adiposity and dental caries in early childhood; however, intake data in the first 2 years of life are limited. This cross‐sectional analysis aims to identify major food sources of free sugars for Australian children aged 12–14 months and investigate factors associated with meeting the World Health Organisation (WHO) Guideline for sugars intake. Three days of nonconsecutive dietary data were collected via a 24‐hr recall and 2‐day food record for 828 participants. Usual intake of energy, total sugars, and free sugars were estimated, along with food group contributions to free sugars. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with exceeding the WHO conservative recommendation that <5% of energy should come from free sugars. Mean free sugars intake was 8.8 (SD 7.7, IQR 3.7–11.6) g/day, contributing 3.6% (SD 2.8, IQR 1.6–4.8) of energy. Only 2.4% of participants exceeded the WHO recommendation that <10% of energy should come from free sugars, with 22.8% of participants exceeding the <5% recommendation. Children from households with greater socio‐economic disadvantage (IRSAD <5, OR = 1.94) and in the lowest income bracket (OR = 2.10) were more likely to have intakes ≥5% of energy. Major food sources of free sugars were commercial infant foods (26.6%), cereal‐based products (19.7%), namely, sweet biscuits (8.3%) and cakes (7.6%), followed by yoghurt (9.6%), and fruit and vegetable beverages (7.4%). These findings highlight the substantial contribution of infant foods to free sugars intakes and provide further evidence that dietary intakes are influenced by social determinants.
Built to last: Interactive effects of perceived overqualification and proactive personality on new employee adjustment
Authors: Simon Lauren S. , Bauer Talya N. , Erdogan Berrin , Shepherd William 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe integrate relative deprivation and broaden and build theories to develop a process‐based model of perceived overqualification and its relationship with new employee adjustment via “broaden and build” mechanisms (i.e., reciprocal relationships between initial status and change trajectories in work‐related positive affect and perceived job autonomy). Additionally, we examine how new employee proactive personality may influence this process. Analyses of weekly survey responses from 331 new employees of a large financial institution throughout their first 90 days of employment revealed that those who felt overqualified generally experienced less work‐related positive affect and perceived less job autonomy when beginning their jobs (assessed the first week of employment) than their more qualified counterparts. Moreover, initial levels of perceived job autonomy were positively associated with adjustment outcomes (assessed at 90 days of employment) via linear change in positive affect over time (assessed weekly, up to 8 weeks of employment). These findings suggest that perceived overqualification may negatively influence newcomer adjustment by stunting broaden and build processes. However, proactive personality attenuated this effect. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Governing Infrastructure in the Age of the “Art of the Deal”: Logics of Governance and Scales of Visibility
Authors: Valverde Mariana , Johns Fleur , Raso Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany different types of organization provide public services or goods and build public works without being, strictly speaking, part of government. Such entities tend to be seen as more innovative than government proper, both because of their organizational autonomy and because they primarily use private‐law techniques (contracts, mainly) and lay claim to private sector credentials. This article examines the presumed correlation between moves towards greater public‐private hybridity in government and public sector innovation, using illustrative examples from Ontario and British Columbia, Canada. Combining interviews with professional infrastructure deal‐makers, direct observation of public infrastructure workshops, and analyses of the documents that constitute infrastructure deals, we show that the quest to bring virtues and techniques associated with private enterprise to the delivery and governance of public goods and services often leads to a dialectical reversal. At first, bureaucratic rules do give way to the pursuit of more or less sui generis deals. But the entities that initiate deals and partnerships soon come to feel the need to standardize the process, which then leads to the return of standard templates and surprisingly rigid rules.
Becoming Autonomous: Indigeneity, Scale, and Schismogenesis in Multicultural Mexico
Authors: Pharao Hansen Magnus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFour towns in the state of Morelos, Mexico, are lobbying the state government for the right to become independent “indigenous municipalities” operating under local customary law. Focusing on one of those towns, Hueyapan, this article ethnographically and ethnohistorically examines the process that has led the people of Hueyapan to overwhelmingly favor the decision to opt for municipal independence. In doing so, it attends particularly to the ways that discourses of indigeneity and sovereignty have interacted with local political conflicts between the town of Hueyapan and the municipal seat, Tetela del Volcán. Using an analysis based on Bateson's concept of schismogenesis, I argue that today, for the first time, Hueyapan is in a position in which demanding independence is feasible, because it has successfully established itself as a competitor to the municipal cabecera (municipal seat) community of Tetela, rather than as a subordinate and marginalized community. Nevertheless, by framing the quest for independence within the narrative model of indigeneity, Hueyapan can represent its demands with a stronger ethical and historical force than it could otherwise.
The effect of an ex vivo boosted immune cell therapy on canine atopic dermatitis: an open, uncontrolled pilot study
Authors: Bae Seulgi , Kim Kijung , Oh Taeho 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is associated with an imbalance between multiple T lymphocytes and cytokines. Ex vivo boosted immune cell (EBIC) therapy is the sequential administration of ex vivo cultured and activated lymphocytes to patients to improve immune function.ObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to assess the safety of EBIC therapy and demonstrate its efficacy as a novel treatment for cAD.AnimalsTen dogs with AD.Methods and materialsThe phenotypes of the immune cells before and after ex vivo culture were analysed by flow cytometry. EBICs (1.0–5.0 × 108 cells/animal) were administered to dogs every two weeks, with a total of six injections. The cAD extent and severity index (CADESI)‐03 and pruritus scores were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of EBIC therapy for cAD. For safety assessment, regular blood examination was conducted, and any adverse events recorded. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐10, IL‐31 and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) were evaluated.ResultsThe cells expanded by an average of 57.52‐fold and the proportions of CD8+ cells and IFN‐γ‐producing cells significantly increased after ex vivo culture. Sequential EBIC therapy improved CADESI‐03, and pruritus scores significantly. After stopping treatment the improvement rates increased for the CADESI score and were maintained for the pruritus score. There were no significant changes in cytokine levels. No significant adverse events were observed.Conclusions and clinical significanceEBIC therapy is a safe and efficient treatment for cAD. This therapy could correct the immunological imbalance in dogs with AD by infusing activated T lymphocytes.
Distribution patterns of antibiotic residues in an urban river catchment
Authors: Chen Yongshan , Xi Xiuping , Xu Jinghua , Xie Ruijia , Jiang Jinping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe residual patterns of 23 target antibiotics in five classes of compound in catchment sediments of a rapidly urbanizing city in east China were studied. A total of 14 antibiotics were detected in the catchment. The dominant classes were tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones and these occurred at substantial concentrations. High environmental risk at the sites sampled may be associated with antibiotics detected at high concentrations. For example, at one site chlortetracycline was found to occur at concentrations ≤ 4496 ng/g. Source traceability indicates that high intensity of urbanization (e.g. hospitals and livestock farms) had a high spatial relationship with sites of high antibiotic contaminations. Urban and suburban areas had some impacts on antibiotic residues in the catchment, especially on veterinary antibiotics such as chlortetracycline in suburban areas. Moreover, antibiotics detected at high concentrations in urban areas included fluoroquinolones associated with human medicine.
On the Thermal Performance of a Microparallel Channels Heat Exchanger
Authors: de Sousa Ivana Fernandes , Naveira Cotta Carolina Palma , Cordeiro Guerrieri Daduí , Tiwari Manish K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental and theoretical analysis of a micro heat exchanger designed for the waste heat recovery from a high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) system. A test bench was built to analyze the thermal behavior of a heat exchanger targeted to work in a similar condition of an existing HCPV panel. A high power heater was encapsulated inside a copper cartridge, covered by thermal insulation, leading to dissipated heat fluxes around 0.6 MW/m2, representative of the heat flux over the solar cell within the HCPV module. The experimental campaign employed water as the coolant fluid and was performed for three different mass flow rates. An infrared camera was used to nonintrusively measure the temperature field over the micro heat exchanger external surface, while thermocouples were placed at the contact between the heat exchanger and the heater, and at the water inlet and outlet ports. In the theoretical analysis, a hybrid numerical–analytical treatment is implemented, combining the numerical simulation through the comsolmultiphysics finite elements code for the micro heat exchanger, and the analytical solution of a lumped-differential formulation for the electrical heater cartridge, offering a substantial computational cost reduction. Such computational simulations of the three-dimensional conjugated heat transfer problem were critically compared to the experimental results and also permitted to inspect the adequacy of a theoretical correlation based on a simplified prescribed heat flux model without conjugation effects. It has been concluded that the conjugated heat transfer problem modeling should be adopted in future design and optimization tasks. The analysis demonstrates the enhanced heat transfer achieved by the microthermal system and confirms the potential in reusing the recovered heat from HCPV systems in a secondary process.
Do female elite athletes experience more complicated childbirth than non-athletes? A case–control study
Authors: Sigurdardottir Thorgerdur , Steingrimsdottir Thora , Geirsson Reynir Tomas , Halldorsson Thorhallur Ingi , Aspelund Thor , Bø Kari 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivePrevious studies have suggested that female athletes might be at higher risk of experiencing complications such as caesarean sections and perineal tears during labour than non-athletes. Our aim was to study delivery outcomes, including emergency caesarean section rates, length of the first and second stages of labour and severe perineal tears, in first-time pregnant elite athletes compared with non-athletes.MethodsThis is a retrospective case–control study comparing birth outcomes of primiparous female elite athletes engaging in high-impact and low-impact sports compared with non-athletic controls. The athletes had prior to birth competed at a national team level or equivalent. Participant characteristics and frequency of training for at least 3 years before a first pregnancy were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Information on delivery outcome was retrieved from the Icelandic Medical Birth Registry.ResultsIn total, 248 participated, 118 controls, 41 low-impact and 89 high-impact elite athletes. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to incidence of emergency caesarean section or length of the first and second stages of labour. The incidence of third-degree to fourth-degree perineal tears was significantly higher (23.7%) among low-impact athletes than in the high-impact group (5.1%, p=0.01), but no significant differences were seen when the athletes were compared with the controls (12%; p=0.09 for low-impact and p=0.12 for high-impact athletes).ConclusionParticipation in competitive sports at the elite level was not related to adverse delivery outcome, including length of labour, the need for caesarean section during delivery and severe perineal tears.