bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends in commensal Escherichia coli from livestock, the Netherlands, 1998 to 2016
Authors: Hesp Ayla , Veldman Kees , van der Goot Jeanet , Mevius Dik , van Schaik Gerdien 
Published: June 2019

Background
Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals is essential for public health surveillance. To enhance interpretation of monitoring data, evaluation and optimisation of AMR trend analysis is needed.

Aims
To quantify and evaluate trends in AMR in commensal Escherichia coli, using data from the Dutch national AMR monitoring programme in livestock (1998–2016).

Methods
Faecal samples were collected at slaughter from broilers, pigs and veal calves. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were obtained by broth microdilution for E. coli for 15 antimicrobials of eight antimicrobial classes. A Poisson regression model was applied to resistant isolate counts, with explanatory variables representing time before and after 2009 (reference year); for veal calves, sampling changed from 2012 represented by an extra explanatory variable.

Results
Resistant counts increased significantly from 1998-2009 in broilers and pigs, except for tetracyclines and sulfamethoxazole in broilers and chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides in pigs. Since 2009, resistant counts decreased for all antimicrobials in broilers and for all but the phenicols in pigs. In veal calves, for most antimicrobials no significant decrease in resistant counts could be determined for 2009–16, except for sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid. Within animal species, antimicrobial-specific trends were similar.

Conclusions
Using Dutch monitoring data from 1998-2016, this study quantified AMR trends in broilers and slaughter pigs and showed significant trend changes in the reference year 2009. We showed that monitoring in commensal E. coli is useful to quantify trends and detect trend changes in AMR. This model is applicable to similar data from other European countries.
Impact of Vitamin D repletion on treatment of chronic lower back pain
Authors: Khan Dildar , Muhammad Muneeb  , Khan Hameed Ullah , Rajput Aatir H , Ali Abid , Memon Zaheer Hussian 
Published: June 2019

Background: Chronic lower back pain is precisely a distressing condition not only because of associated physical debilitation but the psychological hassle as well. Along with various etiological factors, low vitamin D levels in the body is also a significant cause of this ailment. This study focuses on monitoring the effect of Vitamin D repletion on intensity of chronic (non-traumatic) lower back pain.
Methodology: This longitudinal-prospective analysis was conducted upon a sample of 374 lower back pain patients presenting with vitamin D deficiency from February to October 2018. Inquiries were made regarding basic socio-demographics, history of chronic lower back pain, dietary and medicinal supplement usage, hours of sun exposure and pain levels, assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The vitamin D levels and the VAS pain score were assessed upon baseline visit to the orthopedic out-patient department and followed up after 2 months (1st follow up visit) and 6 months (2nd follow up visit). Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013.
Results: Among the 374 respondents, 52.67% were males while 47.33% were females with the mean age of 47.5 years. The mean baseline (pre-intervention) vitamin D levels were found to be 10.3 ng/ml, which raised significantly to 34.3 ng/ml. The mean (pre-intervention) VAS score dropped significantly, from 81.9 at baseline visit to 31.4 at 2nd follow up visit.
Conclusion: It is concluded that vitamin D repletion has a marked impact on reducing the intensity of chronic lower back pain. Future studies may confirm further to validate the findings of this research.
Early operative outcome of pericardiectomy for symptomatic chronic tuberculous constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Jan Azam , Muhammad Imran  , Kunwar Muhammad Aqeel  , Khan Muhammad Tariq , Sumreen Begum  , Mohammad Amir , Shah Syed Mumtaz , Ali Imran 
Published: June 2019

Background: Pericardiectomy procedure is commonly indicated for constrictive pericarditis (CP). One of the most important clue to diagnosis of CP is the signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure that are not completely explained by presence of pulmonary disease or left-ventricular failure. The aim of this study was to assess clinical data presentation and early operative outcomes of pericardiectomy performed for symptomatic chronic constrictive pericarditis who had failed maximal medical therapy.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis was carried out of consecutive constrictive pericarditis adult age patients who underwent pericardiectomy procedure from 2002 to 2012. The patients who had intraoperative diagnosis of other then constrictive pericarditis were excluded from further analysis. A total 51 patients were selected for this study. The preoperative assessment, intraoperative findings and postoperative course and outcome such as hospital stay, prolonge ICU stay, post-operative CPV etc. were evaluated.
Results: 43 males and 8 females were include in the study among them 41% gave history of previous (TB) and 35% were pediatric patients (teens, as shown less than 19 years). 8 patients had effusive type pericarditis. The preoperative findings revealed dyspnea 54%, Chest Pain 45% and persistent cough 31%. Furthermore, 43% patients had ascites and 41% with pleural effusion. The mean preoperative central venous pressure (CVP) was 20.5 respectively. The post-operative outcome was short hospital stay, the post-operative patients CVP was estimated 13.5 and the mean drop of CVP due to pericardiectomy was estimated 7 respectively.
Conclusion: The conclusive findings of our study revealed that among the patients of symptomatic chronic tuberculous CP, the timely pericardiectomy attempt can effectively improve the hemodynamics of the patient. The early pericardiectomy can also reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of these patients.
Acne vulgaris leading to psychosocial problems among youth of Karachi
Authors: Shahdab Batool  , Sohail Sumrera , Yasmeen Ghazala , Iqbal Nazish , Naz Lubna , Shamim Mufzala 
Published: June 2019

Background: Acne Vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common prevalent dermal condition and is testified to have affected 80% of the world's populace around the vividly marked ages of 13 to 30 years. The current study is designed to investigate the association among acne and multifactorial pathogenesis along with social factors and psychological impacts on effected individuals.
Methodology: A survey-based study on a sample of 500 subjects was conducted from February 2016 to October 2016. A structured questionnaire classified into different sections concerning the demographic characteristics, skin type, complexion were inquired while the lifestyle factors like smoking, drinking habits and other factors leading to AV or associated stress were also interrogated.
Results: According to the study results AV was found to be more prevalent in both sexes with a slightly increased outbreak in males (52.4%) as compared to females (47.6%). There was no significant relationship observed between the breakout places of AV and its impact on self-confidence (p=0.197) whereas its impact on the subject's social involvement was significant (p<0.001). Skin type was also found significantly associated with AV outbreak (p<0.05). Apart from physiological factors, smoking was also one of the triggers for AV (p<0.05) while Stress was also correlated with acne and its severity (p<0.000).
Conclusion: Despite being the most prevalent common dermal condition, AV and its associated psychological impacts had been neglected worldwide. This under-rated public health concern leads to a number of psychosocial problems leading to diminished confidence, self-esteem, rejections and even suicidal thoughts among those affected with it.
Utopia, utopismi ja paikan tutkimus
Authors: Karhu Mikko 
Published: June 2019

Esittelen katsauksessa tutkimusaihepiirini, joka koskee utopioita, utopismia ja paikan tutkimusta. Vuonna 2016 valmistuneessa lisensiaatin opinnäytetyössäni tutkin kolmea klassista utopia- ja dystopiakirjallisuuden lajityyliin lukeutuvaa teosta tarkastelemalla, miten paikkaa niissä kuvataan. Tarkoitus on kehittää opinäytetyöni väitöskirjaksi vieläpä otolliseen aikaan, sillä yleinen kiinnostus utopioita kohtaan on kohoamassa. Tutkimusmatkalla tietämykseni aihepiirin kolmesta keskeisestä käsitteestä ja niiden yhteydestä on kasvanut. Esittelen tässä katsauksessa keskeiset asiat koskien utopiaa ja utopismia sekä vedän tähän asti havaitsemiani yhteneväisyyksiä niiden ja paikan tutkimuksen välillä tukeutumalla paikkateorian tutkimusperintöön.
Influence of mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of wheat varieties seeds in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region
Authors: Kazak A. A. , Loginov Yu. P. , Eremin D. I. 
Published: June 2019

In the Siberian District, including the Tyumen region, a great contribution into production of foodgrain has been made by valuable and strong varieties of spring soft wheat Iren, Omskaya 36, Novosibirskaya 31. It should be noted that elements of cultivation technology of these varieties for seeds have been developed insufficiently. In the article, the 2016-2018 data have been analyzed according to the productivity and quality of seeds of the chosen wheat varieties in dependence to the level of mineral nutrition (for planned productivity of 4.5 and 6 t/ha). It has been established that in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region the level of mineral nutrition for productivity of 4-5 t/ha provided high quality of seeds. In the variant with NPK of 4 t/ha the yield of seeds of the general productivity was 73.0-77.8%, the mass of 1000 grains – 33.9-38.5, the protein content – 15.3-16.8%, the energy of germination – 58.0-67.3%, the laboratory viability – 94.3-96.5%. The main part of seeds (67-74%) sprouted in 5-6 seminal roots and when resowing in 2017-2018 it gave dense, strong shoots. Seeds from the chosen variant had advantage before the control without fertilizers and before variants with higher level of mineral nutrition in many quality indicators. It has been established that germination energy of seeds closely correlated with protein content (r = 0.72…0.82) and insignificantly – with the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.27…0.28). Between productivity and energy of germination of seeds the correlation was negative(r = -0,32…-0,40)
Morphogenetic markers of honey bees producing royal jelly with a high content of 10-HDA
Authors: Brandorf A. Z. , Ivoilova M. M. 
Published: June 2019

The article provides the results of 2016-2018 study of morphogenetic markers in honey bees producing royal jelly with different content of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). Working bees and royal jelly from Kirov region, Tomsk region, and Krasnodar Krai were used as the material for the research. Evaluation of honey bee origin was carried out according to morphometric and phenotypic characteristics with population and genetic analysis using PCR method with assessment of the intergenic locus COI-CОII mtDNA, microsatellite locus mrjp3. It has been established that honey bees having larger size of the abdomen (with the width of the third tergite and sternite of 4.8 and 4.7 mm, respectively) produced royal jelly with a higher content of 10-HDA (more than 3.0%), that is 1.2-1.4 times higher (P≤0.05). Working bees having yellowness on tergites produced royal jelly with 13.7% lower concentration of 10-HDA (P≤0.05) compared to the bees with no yellowness in the phenotype. Honey bees with locus mtDNA – PQQ or PQQQ in the genotype produced royal jelly with 10-HDA concentration on the average 38% higher (p≤0.01) than bees in genotype of which mtDNA – Q locus had been recorded. The change of 10-HDA concentration in royal jelly of honey bees having different allele registration frequency in the mrjp3 locus has been established. Maximum concentrated 10-HDA (3.45%) was recorded in the bees with domination of allele 392 with frequency R≥0,38 in the mrjp3 locus. Minimum 10-HDA content (2.39%) was observed in bees with domination of allele 406 registration frequency in the mrjp3 locus. Honey bees with domination of alleles 485 and 518 in the mrjp3 locus had no significant differences of 10-HDA content in royal jelly at 3.0% and 2.8% indexes respectively.
Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menafsir Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
Authors: Hanadi Syawaluddin 
Published: June 2019

The Constitutional Court as a judicial institution plays an important role in the enforcement of Indonesian law. The institution authority is to interpret the constitution. In accordance with its function, the institution is able to provide an interpretation, not only the juridical interpretation but also the theological or sociological interpretation, letterlijk (original intent), and historical interpretation. These interpretations are used to assess the presence of the law which is considered contrary to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
ISLAMICJERUSALEM IN THE EYES OF SALAH AL-DIN: A CRITICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE LIBATION OF THE CITY FROM THE CRUSADERS
Authors: ABU-MUNSHAR Maher 
Published: June 2019

Nearly a century after the brutal, and unforgiving,
Crusader conquest of Islamicjerusalem, Sultan Salah al-Din succeeded in
1187CE in liberating the city. This seemingly insurmountable feat was
accomplished when Salah al-Din succeeded in unifying the diverse racial,
ethnic and denominational Muslims into a single, coherent fighting force -
under his capable leadership. Consequently, this paper explores the nature of
Salah al-Din's headship and the precise strategies he used in team-building,
team-management that proved essential in his bid to restore the holy city to
the Muslims. Moreover, this paper will examine the striking
magnanimity Salah al-Din displayed towards the Christians, and
others, in Islamicjerusalem – including their holy sanctuaries.
Pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hasil Belajar Melalui Keterampilan Proses Sains (Aspek Verbal dan Menghitung)
Authors: Wiyono Wahyu , Widarti Rini , Sofiyah Nurul 
Published: June 2019

This research is to know the influence of group investigation study method toward the learning result, the influence of science process skill toward learning result, and joint influence between group investigation study method and science process skill toward learning result. The problems studied in this research are: 1) is there any influence of group investigation learning method toward SD learning outcomes ?, 2) is there any influence of science process skill toward SD learning result ?, and 3) is there any interaction influence of group investigation study method and science process skill towards learning outcomes? Objectives: 1) examine the effect of group investigation learning methods on SD learning outcomes. 2) examine the influence of science process skills on student learning outcomes. 3) examine the interaction of the influence of group investigation learning methods and the skills of the science process on learning outcomes. The population of this study is the students of class V MIN Sempolan 2015/2016 academic year with the number of 32 students, the study area is determined by purposive sampling method. This research is a quantitative research with causal design. Data collection tools use questionnaires, tests and methods of documentation and interview. Valid and valid reliability tools with validity and reliability tests. The instrument analysis test uses: 1) descriptive test, 2) classical assumption test. Test the hypothesis by: 1) regression analysis, 2) F test, 3) t test, 4) test coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that: 1) sig value. From model variable of group investigation study method toward student learning result 0.000, sig conclusion. > 0,05, mean study group investigation method have significant effect to result of student learning, 2) sig value. Of the science process skill variable is 0.000, the sig conclusion. > 0,05, this means science process skill have significant effect to student learning result, 3) result of regression analysis output obtained Fcount 50.325 with sig. 0.000, because> 0,05 then there is interaction influence of study group investigation method and skill of science process is signifikan to result of learning. Suggestions are proposed for teachers to apply learning using group investigation study methods and pay attention to the skills of the science process to achieve better learning outcomes
İlk Dönem Abbâsî Veliahtları ve Eğitmenleri (132-232/749-847)
Authors: ULUIŞIK Hatice 
Published: June 2019

ÖZ

İslâm Tarihi’nde veliahtlık usûlü Muâviye’nin oğlu Yezîd’i aday göstermesiyle
başlamış, Emevîler’den sonra hilafete geçen Abbâsîler tarafından
da geliştirilerek devam etmiştir. Abbâsî halîfeleri, yönetimi devredecekleri veliahtların küçük yaştan itibaren
iyi bir eğitimden geçmelerine önem vermişler, onların ilmî, idarî ve askerî
açıdan donanımlı olabilmeleri için dönemin en iyi âlimlerini
görevlendirmişlerdir. Veliahtlar çok küçük yaştan itibaren bu hocalardan
Kur’an, hadîs, fıkıh gibi dinî ilimlerin yanısıra siyaset,
Arap dili, belağat, şiir, hitabet, tarih, felsefe, astronomi gibi pozitif
ilimleri de öğrenmişlerdir. Zekâsı, tecrübesi ve ileri görüşlülüğü ile öne
çıkan bazı âlimler, veliahtlara hilâfete geçtikten sonra da eşlik etmeye devam
etmişler, hatta onların çocuklarını eğitme işini de devralmışlardır.

Bazı veliahtlar, kendilerini eğiten âlimlere tamamen teslim
olmuşlar, onların ikrarı olmadan adım dahi atmamışlardır. Veliahtlar üzerinde güçlü
bir nüfuza sahip olan eğitmenler, zamanla halîfelerin siyaset anlayışı ve
düşünce yapısını dahi şekillendirmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda, biz çalışmamızda
halîfelerin veliahtlık dönemlerini inceleyerek, onlar üzerinde nüfuza sahip
olan eğitmenleri tanımayı hedefledik.

Anahtar sözcükler: Abbâsîler, halîfe, veliaht, eğitmen,
eğitim.ABSTRACT Crown prince method
began in Islamic History upon assigning Yezid son of Muaviye as
candidate; after Omayyads it was continued by Abbasids through progressing
it. Abbasîd caliphs gived importance
education of crown princes who will be rulers in future since their early ages;
they assigned the best scholars, teachers of the period in name of making
equipped such candidates in knowledge, administration and military
aspects. The crown princes had education in not only Islamic sciences
like, Qor’an, hadith, Islamic law but also academic courses like
policy, Arabic, poetry, rhetoric, history, philosophy, astronomy since their
early ages. Some scholars whose intelligence, experience and
farsightedness became prominent continued their education even after coming to
throne of those crown princes and even they educated their children.  Some crown princes,
obeyed orders of such teachers completely and they didn’t do anything without
confirmation of their teachers. Such teachers who have strong influence on
crown princes shaped policy understanding and though structure of caliph in time. In this,
regard we will examine crown princes period of caliphs and we aimed to
know their teachers who had great affect on them in
this study.

Key Words: Abbasids, caliph, crown prince,
teacher, education.
SOSIALISASI HEMAT ENERGI DAN BAH energi, listrik, bahaya listrik
Authors: Manice Monice nice 
Published: June 2019

Listrik merupakan salah satu sumber energi kehidupan manusia saat ini, hampir semua orang, setiap hari selama 24 jam menggunakan listrik sebagai sumber energi untuk membantu dan memudahkan mereka dalam malakukan aktifitas sehari-hari. Pemakaian dan permintaan listrik di Indonesia sendiri sangatlah tinggi dan meningkat. Sebenarnya masyarakat paham untuk selalu menerapkan hidup hemat listrik dalam melakukan aktifitas sehari hari, tetapi selama ini pemahaman masyarakat tentang kegiatan hemat listrik masih terbatas pada tujuan mereka untuk menghemat biaya tagihan listrik.
Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk menanamkan hemat energi dan pemahaman tentang bahaya listrik pada anak orang tua dan anak. Dengan latar belakang yang berbeda dan Pada masa usia anak antara 0-5 tahun ini merupakan masa perkembang otak yang berada pada periode sensitive dimana anak secara khusus mudah menerima dan menyerap berbagai macam informasi dan stimulus dari lingkungan. Pada Fase ini merupakan masa terbaik untuk mengajarkan dan membiasakan anak untuk menghemat listrik dengan menanamkan paham-paham dan kesadaran yang baik, yang akan terus mereka bawa dalam tumbuh kembang serta kehidupannya kelak.
Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan Iptek bagi Masyarakat ini meliputi beberapa metode, yakni memberikan materi tentang penghematan energi dengan gambar yang menggambarkan cara-cara penghematan energi dan hal hal yang tidak boleh untuk dilakukan karena akan membahayakan. Hal ini untuk lebih dipahami oleh ibu dan anak. Memberikan gambar-gambar animasi melalui penyampaian kepada anak karena lebih mudah dipahami. Selain itu pengarahan dengan metode ceramah dan pendekatan kepada anak-anak. Dari hasil sosialisasi yang dilakukan diberikan pemahan tentang penghematan listrik dan bahaya trhadap ibu-ibu kader dan anak anak mereka.
A further investigation on the chemical constituents from Euphorbia tirucalli growing in Binh Thuan province
Authors: Duong Huy Thuc 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Euphorbia tirucalli L. is a medicinal plant popularly distributed in Asian countries. In Vietnam, only one study on the polar extract the plant Euphorbia tirucalli growing in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam was reported, revealing several phenolic components. As of 2019, no chemical reports on the non-polar extract from the Vietnamese plant were found. This research described the isolation and elucidation of compounds isolated from the non-polar extract of E. tirucalli growing in Binh Thuan province.
Method: The n-hexane extract of this plant was carried out by using normal phase silica gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gel chromatography (Sephadex LH-20). Analysis of spectroscopic data and a comparison of the NMR data with that in the literature led to the structural elucidation of isolated compounds.
Results: Three terpenoid compounds, euphol (1), lupenone (2), and vomifoliol (3), along with ergosterol peroxide (4), ferulic acid (5), and vanillic acid (6) were isolated and elucidated.
Conclusions: Among them, compound 3 and 4 were reported in the first time from E. tirucalli.
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Wanita Tani Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair
Authors: Suhastyo Arum Asriyanti 
Published: June 2019

Pupuk merupakan nutrisi atau unsur hara yang ditambahkan kepada tanaman dan sekarang ini pemakaian pupuk dalam bidang pertanian sudah merupakan kebutuhan yang tidak bisa dilepaskan. Pada lingkungan sekitar kita ternyata banyak sumber daya alam berupa bahan-bahan organik maupun limbah organik yang dapat dibuat sebagai pupuk organi baik padat ataupun cair. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang potensi sumber daya alam atau limbah organik sebagai bahan pembuatan pupuk organik cair dan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik cair kepada anggota KWT Sinar Tani Desa Majalengka, Kecamatan Bawang, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Metode pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan memberikan teori yang meliputi pengertian macam-macam pupuk, keunggulan pupuk organik, kelebihan pupuk organik cair, dan bahan-bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan pupuk organik. Dilanjutkan pelatihan yaitu praktek langsung pembuatan pupuk organik cair. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu pengetahuan anggota KWT Sinar Tani tentang pemanfaatan limbah/sampah organik yang ada dilingkungan sekitar meningkat dan anggota KWT Sinar Tani dapat membuat pupuk organik cair dengan memanfaatkan limbah organik yaitu tanaman bandotan dan sabut kelapa.