bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Graded Combination Regimen for Maintenance of Gastric pH above 3.5 in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Morris R. W. , Boyle M. , Jacobs S. , Torda T. 
Published: January 2019

Prophylaxis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding by control of gastric pH has been widely advocated for intensive care patients. H2-blockers and antacids have been used and demonstrated to be incompletely effective at maintaining gastric pH above 4. A study of 100 patients measured the efficacy of two-hourly gastric pH measurement and titrated therapy consisting of five levels: 1. no therapy 2. ranitidine 50 mg 8 hourly intravenously 3. ranitidine plus Mylanta 30 ml 2 hourly by nasogastric tube 4. ranitidine plus Mylanta 60 ml 2 hourly and 5. ranitidine 100 mg 8 hourly intravenously plus Mylanta II 60 ml 2 hourly. The level of treatment required by proportions of the total study group were (1) 15%, (2) 71%, (3) 96%, (4) 100%. Head-injured and intubated patients generally fell in the more resistant group while patients having had major elective surgery required lower levels of therapy. If control of gastric pH is to be uniformly achieved, a technique of titrated therapy based on gastric pH measurements is supported as cheaper and more effective than other standardised treatment regimens.
Use of the Cell Saver during Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery — Influence on Transfusion with Bank Blood. A Retrospective Survey
Authors: Brown G. , Bookallil M. , Herkes R. 
Published: January 2019

One hundred and two patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and admitted to ICU at RPAH in 1989/90 were studied. In forty patients a cell saver was used during the operative procedure (Group CS) while in the remaining sixty-two patients intraoperative blood loss was drained and discarded conventionally (Group NCS). Preoperative ASA grade and postoperative APACHE score were similar in these two groups. The amount of bank blood transfused intraoperatively was less in Group CS than in Group NCS (0.6 ±0.2 vs 3.3 ±0.3 units) (mean ± SEM) (P < 0.0001). The total amount of bank blood transfused during hospital admission was also less in Group CS (1.5 ± 0.4 vs 4.8 ± 0.4 units, P < 0.0001). Of Group CS, 22 patients (55%) received no bank blood compared to two patients (3%) in Group NCS. There was no difference between the groups with respect to postoperative haemoglobin and creatinine levels. ICU stay was similar in both groups. We conclude that use of the cell saver reduces perioperative bank blood transfusion in elective abdominal aortic surgery.
Oxygen Dissociation Curve in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Huang W-N , Cade J. F. , Pain M. C. F. 
Published: January 2019

The oxygen tension for half saturation (P50) was determined for venous blood in thirteen patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome undergoing intensive therapy. The mean value for P50 was found to be significantly lower than the value found in ten normal control subjects (22.9 mmHg and 26.7 mmHg respectively; t = 3.03, P < 0.01). The extent of reduction in P50 was not related to serum phosphate level nor was it a predictor of short-term outcome. It is unlikely that the slight left-shifted oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve contributes in a major way to an oxygen delivery deficiency and its cause is unexplained.
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia versus Inhalational Anaesthesia for Dental Day Surgery
Authors: Lim B. L. , Low T. C. 
Published: January 2019

Fifty young healthy and unpremedicated patients scheduled for removal of impacted teeth were randomly allocated to receive either total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol or conventional thiopentone/isoflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia. A double-blind postoperative assessment showed the former group to have a shorter reversal time and faster recovery of faculties, i. e. speech, memory as well as ability to sit up and walk without assistance (P < 0.01). There was no incidence of hypotension and of awareness in either group. The incidence of headache, nausea and vomiting was higher in the thiopentone/isoflurane/nitrous oxide group.
Analgesia after Caesarean Section with Intramuscular Ketorolac or Pethidine
Authors: Gin T. , Kan A. F. , Lam K. K. , O'Meara M. E. 
Published: January 2019

We compared, in a double-blind randomised study, intramuscular ketorolac 30 mg (n = 49) and intramuscular pethidine 75 mg (n=5l) for analgesia after elective caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and suxamethonium and maintained with atracurium, nitrous oxide and isoflurane. Intravenous fentanyl 100 μg was given after delivery of the neonate. In the recovery ward, patients who requested analgesia were allocated randomly to receive ketorolac 30 mg or pethidine 75 mg intramuscularly. Analgesia was assessed at intervals up to six hours, using a visual analogue scale and a four-point verbal scale, while duration of analgesia was taken as the time until the patient requested additional analgesia. There was no difference in the duration of analgesia between groups (Mann-Whitney test P=0.27, Mantel-Haentszel test P=0.17). Twenty-six patients in the ketorolac group and 17 patients in the pethidine group requested further analgesia by 90 minutes. However, four patients in the ketorolac group and six patients in the pethidine group requested no further analgesia within 24 hours. Pain VAS and overall assessment of analgesia was similar between groups, although more side-effects (nausea, dizziness) were noted in the pethidine group. Ketorolac 30 mg and pethidine 75 mg provided similar but variable quality of analgesia after caesarean section.
The Antinociceptive Effect of Epidural Lignocaine and Fentanyl during Lithotripsy
Authors: Fredman B. , Olsfanger D. , Blubstein H. , Jedeikin R. 
Published: January 2019

To determine the antinociceptive effect of combining epidural fentanyl with lignocaine during non-immersion lithotripsy, 56 healthy patients were enrolled into a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Epidural anaesthesia was induced with either lignocaine 300 mg alone, or lignocaine 300 mg, or 200 mg in combination with fentanyl 100 μg. Throughout the procedure analgesia was assessed by comparing the incidence of (a) spontaneous complaints of pain, (b) patients’ attempts to withdraw from the painful stimulus, (c) supplemental epidural lignocaine requirements, (d) the haemodynamic response to lithotripsy and (e) the time to first postoperative pain. The patients who received the fentanyl-lignocaine 300 mg combination required no supplemental lignocaine, experienced marginally less intraoperative pain and recorded lower mean arterial blood pressures when compared with lignocaine 300 mg alone. However, when the combination of lignocaine 200 mg and fentanyl 100 μg was administered, patients experienced significantly more pain, withdrew from the painful stimulus more often and received more supplemental lignocaine when compared with the other two treatment groups. No difference was found in the time to the first complaint of postoperative pain. Similarly, discharge times were unaffected by treatment modality. We conclude that despite the addition of fentanyl, adequate analgesia during lithotripsy is dependent upon the dose of local anaesthetic administered.
A Simple Method for the Continuous Noninvasive Estimate of Cardiac Output Using the Maxima Breathing System. A Pilot Study
Authors: Miller D. M. , Wessels J. A. 
Published: January 2019

The Maxima is a new breathing system which makes it possible to monitor cardiac output (Q) noninvasively and to follow trends continuously. When used as a rebreathing system in controlled ventilation, the Maxima selectively eliminates alveolar gas and no fresh gas (&Vdot;F) is eliminated. Without the need for a mixing chamber, eliminated CO2 (F&Emacr;CO2) may be measured directly. With steady state conditions, and assuming a respiratory quotient of 1, carbon dioxide production (&Vdot;CO2) = &Vdot;F x F&Emacr;CO2. The indirect Fick principle applied to. CO2 exchange (&Qdot; = &Vdot;CO2/venous-to-arterial CO2 content difference (CaCO2-CvCO2)) may be modified to &Qdot; = &Vdot;F x F&Emacr;CO2/(CaCO2-CvCO2). If &Vdot;F in the breathing system is adjusted so that F&Emacr;CO2 is equal to CaCO2-CvCO2, then &Qdot; = &Vdot;F. It was found that, in the presence of a normal haemoglobin (13.3 g.dl–1), & Qdot; = &Vdot;F when &Vdot;F was adjusted to achieve an F&Emacr;CO2 value of approximately 4.1%. Cardiac output estimates were compared with those obtained using a thermodilution technique in five patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and in four patients with septicaemia in the ICU. Cardiac outputs were estimated from 1. &Vdot;CO2 measurements and then 2. &Vdot;CO2 and haemoglobin (Hb). The result of 28 measurements on nine patients with methods 1. and 2. respectively yielded a correlation with thermodilution measurements: coefficient r = 0.91 and 0.94 with a bias of −10.5% and −0.05% and an accuracy of 14% and 9%.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Paracetamol versus Paracetamol, Codeine and Promethazine (Painstop®) for Premedication and Analgesia for Myringotomy in Children
Authors: Ragg P. , Davidson A. 
Published: January 2019

This prospective double-blinded study compared the analgesic effectiveness and incidence of complications of a compound preparation Painstop® (Paedpharm Pty Ltd) containing paracetamol 12 mg, codeine 0.5 mg and promethazine 0.65 mg per 1.0 ml, dosage 1.0 ml/kg, with paracetamol 20 mg/kg. Ninety-five children aged 1 to 12 years, ASA 1-2, scheduled for myringotomy and drain tube insertion as a day procedure were randomized to receive Painstop or paracetamol 30 to 60 minutes prior to surgery. Preoperative drowsiness and complications on induction and postoperative sedation, pain and times to achieve goals were recorded. The groups were comparable for age, gender, weight, anaesthetic technique and duration of surgery. Times to eye opening (P=0.05) and first oral intake (P=0.006) were significantly longer in the Painstop group. There was, however, no difference in times to discharge. Late sedation was more common in the Painstop group (P=0.03). Pain scores were low and similar in both groups and the need for additional analgesia was uncommon.
Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Ketamine Infusion in Patients with Catecholamine-Dependent Heart Failure
Authors: Christ G. , Mundigler G. , Merhaut C. , Zehetgruber M. , Kratochwill C. , Heinz G. , Siostrzonek P. 
Published: January 2019

The longterm effects of ketamine on haemodynamic parameters and exogenous catecholamine requirements were studied in twenty-five critically ill patients with catecholamine-dependent heart failure. Following sedation with midazolam (0.15±0.07 mg.kg–1.h–1) and sufentanil (0.88±0.33 μg.kg–1.h–1), patients with impaired left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction area 30±7%) were randomly assigned to receive ketamine (2.5±0.9 mg.kg–1.h–1) and midazolam (Group A) or remained on sufentanil/midazolam (Group B). Haemodynamic measurements were performed throughout the first 24 hours after randomization. In group A cardiac index decreased by 21% (P=0.01), mean arterial pressure increased by 13% (P=0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure by 14% (P=0.04), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by 20% (P=0.03), and systemic vascular resistance index by 38% (P<0.001). No significant cardiovascular effects were observed in Group B. Neither group had significant changes of exogenous catecholamine requirement. In conclusion, ketamine exhibits potential negative cardiovascular effects in patients with catecholamine-dependent heart failure. Therefore, ketamine should not be considered a first line drug for longterm sedation of patients with impaired left ventricular function.
Extravascular Lung Water and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—Oxygenation and Outcome
Authors: Davey-Quinn A. , Gedney J. A. , Whiteley S. M. , Bellamy M. C. 
Published: January 2019

We studied eleven consecutive patients to assess the influence of extravascular lung water on clinical outcome. All patients were mechanically ventilated using a standardized protocol. Inspired oxygen concentration was adjusted to an initial target PaO2 of greater than 8.0 kPa (60.8 mmHg). All patients received inhaled nitric oxide (NO) at a concentration of 20 ppm. Extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) was measured by a dual indicator technique (COLD Z-021 monitoring system, Pulsion, Munich, Germany). Patients were managed with fluids and inotropes according to a standard protocol. Median age was 45 (range 27–60) years, mean APACHE II score on admission 31 (range 17–36), duration of mechanical ventilation 15 (range 6–28) days, mean admission Murray lung injury score 2.5 (range 2–3) and admission EVLWI 20.8 (range 8.7 to 54.7) ml.kg−1. The only variables independently predictive of PaO2/FiO2 ratio were serum albumin (B = 1.7±1.61) and EVLWI (B = −2.1 ±0.47), r2=0.33, P<0.0001. In severe ARDS, (PaO2/FiO2<l50 mmHg), mean EVLWI was 24.4 (22.4 to 26.4, 95% confidence intervals) ml.kg−1 compared with 15.1 (12.2 to 18.0) ml.kg−1 during moderate ARDS (P<0.001). Serum albumin likewise differed, 29.4 (27.6 to 31.2) vs 35.1 (31.8 to 38.4) g.1−1, P<0.005. PAOP was higher during periods of poor oxygenation, 12.7 (11.9 to 13.5) vs 9.3 (7.9 to 10.7) mmHg, P<0.001. The four survivors had greater initial EVLWI than non-survivors, 31 (24.1 to 37.9) vs 20.7 (16.0 to 25.4) ml.kg−1, P=0.034 and showed a greater reduction in lung water, 15.2 (9.3 to 21.1) vs 5.4 (2.1 to 8.7) ml.kg−1, P=0.013.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of green microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus
Authors: Dantas Danielli Matias de Macedo , Oliveira Carlos Yure Barbosa de , Costa Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão , Carneiro-da-Cunha Maria das Graças , Gálvez Alfredo Olivera , Bezerra Ranilson de Souza 
Published: January 2019

Microalgae are considered one of the most promising raw materials for the development of high value products for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic industries, as well as being potential sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals for human consumption. Hence, the present research focuses extraction of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from Scenedesmus subspicatus using solvents of different polarities. Different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water were used to extract compounds from the green microalgae S. subspicatus and then they were examined for phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. In vitro free radical quenching and total antioxidant activity of extracts were investigated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and compared with catequin and gallic acid as positive controls. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Aqueous extracts and dimethyl sulfoxide presented better performance in phytochemical analysis. This result showed consistency in the sequential tests. The antioxidant activity was also better using the two solvents cited above. The extracts acetone, water, and dimethyl sulfoxide showed ability to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis. However, only dimethyl sulfoxide inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Use of the aqueous extract, proven its effectiveness, is an economic protocol and avoids the use of toxic substances.
Drawn aligned polymer microfibres for tissue engineering
Authors: Strnadová Kateřina , Stanislav Lukáš , Krabicová Ilona , Sabol Filip , Lukášek Jan , Řezanka Michal , Lukáš David , Jenčová Věra 
Published: January 2019

Oriented fibres and materials based on orientated fibres have great potential for use in tissue engineering for tissues, where the arrangement of extracellular matrix is fundamental. The drawing method is based on mechanical pulling of a polymer solution out of its base droplet, resulting in a solidified fibre of determined geometrical characteristics. A new machine designed for lab scale drawing was invented enabling a repeatable quality of drawing conditions. The results demonstrate that it is possible to influence and define the fibre diameter and its distribution. From the in vitro experiments, it is evident that the aligned fibres guide the cell growth in the direction of the fibres. Moreover, the prepared fibres were functionalised with polypyrrole as an example of their versatility. These features make drawing an easy and suitable tool for the fabrication of scaffolds with a precise structure for tissues, e.g. nerve tissue.
Assessing Rapidity of Recovery After Cancer Surgeries in a Single Overnight Short-Stay Setting
Authors: Assel Melissa J. , Laudone Vincent P. , Twersky Rebecca S. , Vickers Andrew J. , Simon Brett A. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
In the short-stay surgery setting, where patients remain in hospital for a single overnight at most, it is unclear as to whether postoperative length of stay is a good surrogate for assessing rapidity of recovery. We hypothesized that length of stay would be a function of time of surgery and would be a poorer marker of recovery than time of discharge.

METHODS:
A cohort of 891 mastectomy and 538 prostatectomy patients had a planned single overnight stay after surgery at an ambulatory surgical hospital during 2016. The relationship between surgical start time and postoperative length of stay or discharge time was assessed.

RESULTS:
For both mastectomy and prostatectomy patients, 75% of patients were discharged between 10 am and 12 noon and the median postoperative length of stay was 20 hours. There was a strong association between time of surgery and calculated length of stay. For mastectomies, having a surgery which begins at 6 pm vs 8 am results in an estimated decrease of 8.8 hours (95% CI, 8.3–9.3) in postoperative length of stay but only 1.2 hours (95% CI, 0.77–1.6) later time of discharge. For prostatectomies, the estimated difference is a decrease of 6.9 hours (95% CI, 6.4–7.4) for postoperative length of stay and 2.5 hours (95% CI, 2.0–3.0) later discharge time.

CONCLUSIONS:
Postoperative length of stay is a poor outcome measure in a short-stay setting. When assessing rapidity of recovery for single overnight stay patients, we advocate the use of discharge time with adjustment for surgery start time. The effect of surgery start time on both postoperative length of stay and discharge time should be investigated to ascertain which is best to assess rapidity of recovery in other ambulatory care settings where recovery involves a single overnight stay.
Improving the visibility of developmental biology: time for induction and specification
Authors: Zon Leonard 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Developmental biology is a prominent field that has captured the imagination of many scientists. Over the years, research in the area has seen a steady number of amazing accomplishments, with peaks in activity following the development and application of new technologies. Although the field continues to flourish and produce excellent work, I have recently noticed difficulty with its perception and visibility. Having joined the developmental biology community during the early 1990s, and contributing since as a stem cell researcher, cancer biologist and an MD, I have a unique perspective on these challenges. Here, I discuss these issues and challenges and offer potential solutions for a field that is very important to me.
Functional Resistance Training and Affective Response in Female College-Age Students
Authors: FARO JAMIE , WRIGHT JULIE A. , HAYMAN LAURA L. , HASTIE MARISA , GONA PHILIMON N. , WHITELEY JESSICA A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough resistance training (RT) can lead to acute improvements in psychological, physiological and psychosocial outcomes, prevalence rates remain low in college-age females likely due to perceived barriers. This study compared the effects of an acute bout of both a functional RT (FRT) and traditional RT (TRT) session on affect, state anxiety enjoyment and physiological measures.MethodsFemales (n= 34, mean age = 27 ± 4.5 yr) not currently meeting American College of Sports Medicine RT guidelines completed four sessions (2 FRT, 2 TRT) within 4 wk in a randomized crossover design. Session 1 familiarized participants to the RT exercises. Session 2 consisted of 2 × 10 moderate intensity repetitions. Outcome measures included affect and state anxiety (preexercise, postexercise, and 15 min postexercise); enjoyment (post), and manipulation measures of session RPE and HR).ResultsBetween-condition comparisons indicate change scores in state anxiety pre- to post-15 (P= 0.028) and enjoyment levels post- (P= 0.02) were significantly greater in FRT than TRT. Within-condition analyses revealed pre- to post-15 changes in affect were positive and greater in FRT (d =0.79) than TRT (d= 0.53,P= 0.47), and greater in decreases in state anxiety (FRT,d= −0.58; TRT,d= −0.37,P= 0.028). Mean session RPE was not significantly different between conditions (FRT 6 ± 1.2 units; TRT 6.3 ± 1.1 units;P= 0.11), though average percent of age-predicted maximum HR (FRT 68.7 ± 7.6; TRT 57.1 ± 8.4) was significantly different (P< 0.01).ConclusionsFindings suggest that compared with TRT, FRT is associated with higher acute positive psychological states, higher levels of enjoyment, and greater energy expenditure. Future studies are recommended to examine additional measures of affect and in-task timepoints to determine how these responses relate to maintenance and adherence, thereby potentially increasing the proportion of college females meeting American College of Sports Medicine RT and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines.
Antimicrobial of nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum) against pathogens of tiger shrimp post-larvae
Authors: Saptiani Gina , Sidik A. Syafei , Ardhani Fikri 
Published: January 2019

Background: Xylocarpus granatum has been used as a medicinal plant by coastal communities, which may indicate that this plant is a potential source of pharmaceuticals. Methods: Xylocarpus granatum leaf extract was tested as an antimicrobial agent for pathogens infecting tiger shrimp post-larvae. Of the treatments applied to the post-larvae, 25 were crudely extracted with ethanol, distilled water, and seawater solvent given by immersion. Vibrio harveyi and Saprolegnia sp. were microbial species used for the test. Results: X. granatum extract had the potential to inhibit V. harveyi and Saprolegnia sp., reducing infection and improving the survival of shrimp. Shrimp soaked with X. granatum extract had a total Vibrio count ranging from 14.67x103 to 22.67x103 CFU/ml. The survival rate of shrimp was recorded as 53.33% to 78.67% and 54.67% to 76.00% due to V. harveyi, and Saprolegnia sp infection, respectively. The relative percentage of the survival of shrimp protected from V. harveyi and Saprolegnia sp infection in treatments compared to negative controls ranged from 40.61% to 72.89% and 35.84% to 66.12%, respectively. Conclusions: Leaf extracts of X. granatum, which might have better antimicrobial activities to prevent tiger shrimp from pathogenetic infection, were consecutively extracted ethanol at 800-1,000 ppm, distilled water at 800-1,000 ppm, and seawater at 1,000 ppm.