bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global agricultural productivity is threatened by increasing pollinator dependence without a parallel increase in crop diversification
Authors: Aizen Marcelo A. , Aguiar Sebastián , Biesmeijer Jacobus C. , Garibaldi Lucas A. , Inouye David W. , Jung Chuleui , Martins Dino J. , Medel Rodrigo , Morales Carolina L. , Ngo Hien , Pauw Anton , Paxton Robert J. , Sáez Agustín , Seymour Colleen L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe global increase in the proportion of land cultivated with pollinator‐dependent crops implies increased reliance on pollination services. Yet agricultural practices themselves can profoundly affect pollinator supply and pollination. Extensive monocultures are associated with a limited pollinator supply and reduced pollination, whereas agricultural diversification can enhance both. Therefore, areas where agricultural diversity has increased, or at least been maintained, may better sustain high and more stable productivity of pollinator‐dependent crops. Given that >80% of all crops depend, to varying extents, on insect pollination, a global increase in agricultural pollinator dependence over recent decades might have led to a concomitant increase in agricultural diversification. We evaluated whether an increase in the area of pollinator‐dependent crops has indeed been associated with an increase in agricultural diversity, measured here as crop diversity, at the global, regional, and country scales for the period 1961–2016. Globally, results show a relatively weak and decelerating rise in agricultural diversity over time that was largely decoupled from the strong and continually increasing trend in agricultural dependency on pollinators. At regional and country levels, there was no consistent relationship between temporal changes in pollinator dependence and crop diversification. Instead, our results show heterogeneous responses in which increasing pollinator dependence for some countries and regions has been associated with either an increase or a decrease in agricultural diversity. Particularly worrisome is a rapid expansion of pollinator‐dependent oilseed crops in several countries of the Americas and Asia that has resulted in a decrease in agricultural diversity. In these regions, reliance on pollinators is increasing, yet agricultural practices that undermine pollination services are expanding. Our analysis has thereby identified world regions of particular concern where environmentally damaging practices associated with large‐scale, industrial agriculture threaten key ecosystem services that underlie productivity, in addition to other benefits provided by biodiversity.
Scaling the linkage between environmental niches and functional traits for improved spatial predictions of biological communities
Authors: Guisan Antoine , Mod Heidi K. , Scherrer Daniel , Münkemüller Tamara , Pottier Julien , Alexander Jake M. , D'Amen Manuela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIssueApproaches to predicting species assemblages through stacking individual niche‐based species distribution models (S‐SDMs) need to account for community processes other than abiotic filtering. Such constraints have been introduced by implementing ecological assembly rules (EARs) into S‐SDMs, and can be based on patterns of functional traits in communities. Despite being logically valid, this approach has led to a limited improvement in prediction, possibly because of mismatches between the scales of measurement of niche and trait data.EvidenceS‐SDM studies have often related single values of a species’ traits to environmental niches that are captured by abiotic conditions measured at a much finer spatial scale, without accounting for intraspecific trait variation along environmental gradients. Many pieces of evidence show that omitting intraspecific trait variation can hinder the proper inference of EARs from trait patterns, and we further argue that it can therefore also affect our capacity to spatially predict functional properties of communities. In addition, estimates of environmental niches and trait envelopes may vary depending on the scale at which environmental and trait measurements are made.ConclusionWe suggest that to overcome these limitations, surveys sampling both niche and trait measurements should be conducted at fine scales along wide environmental gradients, and integrated at the same scale to test and improve a new generation of spatial community models and their functional properties.
Vinculación de los empleos de las cadenas mundiales de suministro a la demanda
Authors: KIZU Takaaki , KÜHN Stefan , VIEGELAHN Christian 
Published: July 2019

ResumenLa expansión de las cadenas mundiales de suministro (CMS) desconecta la ubicación de los empleos de la demanda correspondiente. Los autores utilizan la base de datos mundial de insumo‐producto (WIOD) para examinar estos vínculos en 40 países en el periodo 1995–2013, ampliar anteriores análisis de la OIT y proporcionar evidencia sobre el empleo creado por cada combinación ubicación del empleo‐destino de exportación. Observan un cambio en los patrones de demanda y oferta de empleo en las CMS, un auge de China como generadora de demanda, mayores vínculos de producción entre las economías emergentes y más empleos en los servicios sostenidos por las CMS manufactureras.
Brechas de ingresos entre migrantes en los países del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo. ¿Percepciones de los empleadores o costos de oportunidad?
Authors: ALFARHAN Usamah F. , AL‐BUSAIDI Samir 
Published: July 2019

ResumenSe analizan las diferencias de ingresos entre migrantes calificados occidentales, árabes y asiáticos del sector privado en los países del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo de 2012 a 2014. Utilizando dos métodos de descomposición estándar, se investiga si las percepciones de los empleadores son la causa de la prima salarial de los occidentales. Según los resultados, de un tercio a tres cuartos de la brecha de ingresos reales por hora son atribuibles a las características relacionadas con la productividad, y el resto a los mayores costos de oportunidad. El efecto potencial de las percepciones no observadas resulta no significativo.
Medición de la brecha salarial entre jóvenes con contrato indefinido o temporal. Tres países europeos en perspectiva
Authors: REGOLI Andrea , D'AGOSTINO Antonella , GRANDNER Thomas , GSTACH Dieter 
Published: July 2019

ResumenSe analizan las diferencias salariales entre trabajadores permanentes y temporales de 25 a 40 años de edad con datos de la Encuesta europea sobre la renta y las condiciones de vida (EU‐SILC) sobre Alemania, Francia e Italia de 2010. Mediante una regresión con función de influencia recentrada y una técnica de reponderación, los autores investigan la contribución de las características personales y del puesto de trabajo a la brecha en toda la distribución salarial. Los resultados indican que el componente no explicado sigue siendo muy grande en Italia en toda la distribución y se debilita en Francia en el tramo superior, mientras que en Alemania no es significativo.
How carbonation curing influences ca leaching of Portland cement paste: Mechanism and mathematical modeling
Authors: Chen Tiefeng , Gao Xiaojian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarbonation curing provides a promising method for both CO2 sequestration and strength improvement of cement‐based materials. To date, there is little knowledge about the influence of carbonation curing on Ca leaching resistance of cement‐based materials due to the occurrence of both physical and chemical transformation. It was the first time that Ca solid‐liquid equilibrium curves were experimentally established for cement pastes with different carbonation degrees in this paper. Experimental results demonstrated that on the one hand, carbonation curing improves the leaching resistance of cement paste by sequestrating Ca in insoluble CaCO3; on the other hand, potential negative effects may occur due to the accelerated decalcification and increased solubility of C–S–H after carbonation curing. Results of NMR showed that both carbonation curing and Ca leaching can increase the Si chain length and polymerization degree of C–S–H. Additionally, a modified mathematical model was established to simulate the leaching process of carbonation‐cured cement paste and it was also verified by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results. Therefore, the long‐term leaching resistance of cement‐based materials is possibly degraded by the carbonation curing treatment.
Soil niche of rain forest plant lineages: Implications for dominance on a global scale
Authors: Procheş Şerban , Sukri Rahayu S. , Jaafar Salwana M. , Sieben Erwin J.J. , Zaini Nurul Hazlina , Abas Norain , Suhaini Siti Nurqayah , Juhairah Manjul Nurul Maz , Julaihi Muhammad Abdul Hakeem , Marshall David J. , Slik J.W. Ferry , Moodley Desika 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimWhy some lineages are species‐rich and widespread, while others are species‐poor and localized, is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology and ecology. Diversification and range expansion relate to lineage‐specific niche characters, but this link has seldom been quantified across multiple lineages and environments. This study explored the link between local dominance and soil niche in rain forest plants, and tested the hypothesis that local soil niche patterns can be used to predict the global diversity and occupancy of equal‐aged plant lineages.LocationThe study was carried out in Brunei Darussalam (Borneo) and projected worldwide.MethodsOur approach involved the subdivision of vascular plants into the lineages found 120 Mya, a time preceding the explosive radiation of the eudicots. We quantified the representation of the 120 Mya lineages in different forest types associated with dramatically different soils, but sharing the same climatic conditions. The forest types included primary and secondary lowland rain forest, flooded and nutrient‐impoverished inland forests, and mangroves. Niche breadth and position, estimated from the soil types that a lineage occupied, were used to predict global diversity and occupancy patterns, after accounting for relatedness to the dominant eudicots.ResultsDespite marked differences in soil characteristics among the forest types, three eudicot lineages (Malvidae, Fabidae, Asteridae) were consistently dominant over the other 28 lineages present. A broad, intermediate soil niche, relatedness to eudicots, and the interaction between these factors were found to be strong predictors of global diversity and occupancy.Main conclusionsWe show that vegetation plot data from one of the world's most diverse regions (in terms of plant species richness and ancient lineage representation) can be used to successfully predict lineage diversity and occupancy on a global scale. However, because lineage dominance likely depends on the interaction between soil niche and above‐ground factors, including above‐ground niche features should improve the accuracy of predicting global distribution and diversity—particularly when explaining eudicot dominance.
A cardiovascular risk prediction model for older people: Development and validation in a primary care population
Authors: van Bussel Emma F. , Richard Edo , Busschers Wim B. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , van Gool Willem A. , Moll van Charante Eric P. , Hoevenaar‐Blom Marieke P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCardiovascular risk prediction is mainly based on traditional risk factors that have been validated in middle‐aged populations. However, associations between these risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) attenuate with increasing age. Therefore, for older people the authors developed and internally validated risk prediction models for fatal and non‐fatal CVD, (re)evaluated the predictive value of traditional and new factors, and assessed the impact of competing risks of non‐cardiovascular death. Post hoc analyses of 1811 persons aged 70‐78 year and free from CVD at baseline from the preDIVA study (Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular care, 2006‐2015), a primary care‐based trial that included persons free from dementia and conditions likely to hinder successful long‐term follow‐up, were performed. In 2017‐2018, Cox‐regression analyses were performed for a model including seven traditional risk factors only, and a model to assess incremental predictive ability of the traditional and eleven new factors. Analyses were repeated accounting for competing risk of death, using Fine‐Gray models. During an average of 6.2 years of follow‐up, 277 CVD events occurred. Age, sex, smoking, and type 2 diabetes mellitus were traditional predictors for CVD, whereas total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were not. Of the eleven new factors, polypharmacy and apathy symptoms were predictors. Discrimination was moderate (concordance statistic 0.65). Accounting for competing risks resulted in slightly smaller predicted absolute risks. In conclusion, we found, SBP, HDL, and total cholesterol no longer predict CVD in older adults, whereas polypharmacy and apathy symptoms are two new relevant predictors. Building on the selected risk factors in this study may improve CVD prediction in older adults and facilitate targeting preventive interventions to those at high risk.
Adjunctive effect of modifying the implant‐supported prosthesis in the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis
Authors: de Tapia Beatriz , Mozas Carla , Valles Cristina , Nart José , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the adjunctive effect of modifying the implant‐supported prosthesis to facilitate access to oral hygiene when treating peri‐implant mucositis.Material and methodsA 6‐month randomized clinical trial was designed. Patients with peri‐implant mucositis were treated by implant surface debridement with plastic curettes and a plastic tipped ultrasonic device. Then, they were randomly assigned to either modifying their prosthesis to allow for better oral hygiene (test group) or not (control group). Subsequently in both groups, individualized oral hygiene instructions were provided. Clinical and radiographical outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results48 patients were included, and 45 completed the clinical trial (24 test and 21 control patients). After 6 months, changes in the modified bleeding index between the control and test groups were 0.50 (standard deviation −SD = 0.70) and 1.14 (SD = 0.96), respectively (p = 0.01). The changes in implant probing pocket depth at 6 months were −0.02 (SD = 0.61) and 0.31 (SD = 1.20) mm, respectively (p = 0.04).ConclusionsModifying the contour of the prostheses to improve access for oral hygiene significantly improved the clinical outcomes after standard mechanical treatment of peri‐implant mucositis.
Mobility of the upper cervical spine and muscle performance of the deep flexors in women with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Ferreira Michele P. , Waisberg César B. , Conti Paulo César R. , Bevilaqua‐Grossi Débora 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCervical spine disorders are frequently associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Although headache is common in TMD, few studies have considered headache regarding the functional performance of the cervical spine in TMD.ObjectivesTo evaluate TMD subjects with and without self‐reported headache, assess the active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the upper cervical spine (C1‐C2) and performance of the deep cervical flexors, and evaluate the correlation of these outcomes with neck disability and temporomandibular pain.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we assessed 57 women (40 with TMDs and 17 without TMDs [controls]). The TMD group was divided into 25 and 15 patients with and without self‐reported headache, respectively. We assessed the active and passive upper cervical ROMs using the flexion‐rotation test (FRT) and muscle performance using the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT). The neck disability index questionnaire and visual analog scale were used to assess self‐reported neck disability and temporomandibular pain, respectively.ResultsCompared to controls, all TMD subjects showed reduced cervical mobility on flexion/extension movements, reduced FRT findings and worse performance in CCFT (P < .05 all). Additionally, the CCFT and FRT findings were correlated with temporomandibular pain (r = .4 and .5, respectively) and neck disability (r = .3 and .4, respectively).ConclusionWomen with TMDs, regardless of self‐reported headaches, showed limited flexion/extension ROM, limited upper cervical spine (C1‐C2) mobility and poor deep cervical flexor performance. Neck disability and temporomandibular pain showed a moderate correlation with the functional test findings, that is FRT and CCFT, in subjects with TMDs.
Is a small sea turtles rookery doomed to local extinction? Decreasing nesting trends at the Paria Gulf, Venezuela
Authors: Balladares Clemente , Quintero‐Torres Enrique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSmall rookeries are rarely evaluated for marine turtles worldwide. Two species of sea turtles (Hawksbill, Eretmochelys imbricata; Leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea) nest on five main beaches of the northeast coast of the Paria Gulf in Venezuela. Population trends using generalized linear models at this rookery were assessed and compared with other small rookeries. Both species showed significant negative nesting trends: Nesting by critically endangered hawksbills decreased over nine seasons 2009–2017 (64–142 nests per year, General Linear Model Slope Value = −0.061; data pooled for five beaches); similarly, vulnerable leatherback nests decreased across the same period in the main beach Los Garzos (0–69 nests/year; GLMSV = −0.34). Besides human and natural predation of the nests, no significant environmental impacts affect the beaches except probably on Obispo Isthmus where a gas pipeline installation interrupted the nesting activity in 2014. Observed changes to the nesting trends in these small rookeries have a collective impact on broader conservation concerns for sea turtles in the region.
Double continuation regions for American and Swing options with negative discount rate in Lévy models
Authors: De Donno Marzia , Palmowski Zbigniew , Tumilewicz Joanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study perpetual American call and put options in an exponential Lévy model. We consider a negative effective discount rate that arises in a number of financial applications including stock loans and real options, where the strike price can potentially grow at a higher rate than the original discount factor. We show that in this case a double continuation region arises and we identify the two critical prices. We also generalize this result to multiple stopping problems of Swing type, that is, when successive exercise opportunities are separated by i.i.d. random refraction times. We conduct an extensive numerical analysis for the Black–Scholes model and the jump‐diffusion model with exponentially distributed jumps.
Compositional diversity of ordinary chondrites inferred from petrology, bulk chemical, and oxygen isotopic compositions of the lowest FeO ordinary chondrite, Yamato 982717
Authors: Yamaguchi Akira , Kimura Makoto , Barrat Jean‐Alix , Greenwood Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe performed a petrologic, geochemical, and oxygen isotopic study of the lowest FeO ordinary chondrite (OC), Yamato (Y) 982717. Y 982717 shows a chondritic texture composed of chondrules and chondrule fragments, and mineral fragments set in a finer grained, clastic matrix, similar to H4 chondrites. The composition of olivine (Fa11.17 ± 0.48 (1σ)) and low‐Ca pyroxene (Fs11.07 ± 0.98 (1σ)Wo0.90 ± 0.71(1σ)) is significantly more magnesian than those of typical H chondrites (Fa16.0‐20, Fs14.5‐18.0), as well as other known low‐FeO OCs (Fa12.8‐16.7; Fs13‐16). However, the bulk chemical composition of Y 982717, in particular lithophile and moderately volatile elements, is within the range of OCs. The bulk siderophile element composition (Ni, Co) is within the range of H chondrites and distinguishable from L chondrites. The O‐isotopic composition is also within the range of H chondrites. The lack of reduction textures indicates that the low olivine Fa content and low‐Ca pyroxene Fs content are characteristics of the precursor materials, rather than the result of reduction during thermal metamorphism. We suggest that the H chondrites are more compositionally diverse than has been previously recognized.
Appointing nurses trained in organ donation to improve family consent rates
Authors: Witjes Marloes , Jansen Nichon E. , van Dongen Jacqueline , Herold Ingeborg H. F. , Otterspoor Luuk , Haase‐Kromwijk Bernadette J. J. M. , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Abdo Wilson F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most important bottlenecks in the organ donation process worldwide is the high family refusal rate.Aims and objectivesThe main aim of this study was to examine whether family guidance by trained donation practitioners increased the family consent rate for organ donation.DesignThis was a prospective intervention study.MethodsIntensive and coronary care unit nurses were trained in communication about donation (ie, trained donation practitioners) in two hospitals. The trained donation practitioners were appointed to guide the families of patients with a poor medical prognosis. When the patient became a potential donor, the trained donation practitioner was there to guide the family in making a well‐considered decision about donation. We compared the family consent rate for donation with and without the guidance of a trained donation practitioner.ResultsThe consent rate for donation with guidance by a trained donation practitioner was 58.8% (20/34), while the consent rate without guidance by a trained donation practitioner was 41.4% (41/99, P = 0.110) in those patients where the family had to decide on organ donation.ConclusionsOur data suggest that family guidance by a trained donation practitioner could benefit consent rates for organ donation.Relevance to clinical practiceTrained nurses play an important role in supporting the families of patients who became potential donors to guide them through the decision‐making process after organ donation request.