bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesives and the Herbarium: International Survey and Application of the Results in Analysis of the Influence of Conservation Materials on DNA of Herbarium Specimens
Authors: Grenda-Kurmanow Magdalena 
Published: June 2018

In 2017 the author conducted an international survey among the conservators who have worked with herbaria collections, particularly paper conservators who treated historic herbaria. During the survey the author contacted 25 people from 9 countries. The participants were the conservators who either shared their experience through publications or whose conservation reports were available to the author. Participants were asked to recommend materials used in the conservation of historic herbaria and materials used on a daily basis to mount specimens. The aim of the survey was to list the materials that have direct contact with the surface of the specimens. Therefore the results concentrated mostly on adhesives. Acknowledging that materials recommended for conservation treatment may differ from those used for a typical mounting of a modern specimen, the author presented a traditional conservator’s approach that every modern object (including herbaria) may one day become a valuable part of heritage. This means that all materials used when working with herbaria should be reversible and DNA-safe. The survey revealed that most conservators recommend materials that are very popular in paper conservation: wheat starch paste and methylcellulose at different concentrations, however some suggested using animal glues such as gelatine or isinglass and mixtures of isinglass and starch paste. Other adhesives that were present in the results were two versions of hydroxypropylcellulose, Klucel G and Klucel E, rice starch, shofu, and different PVAs used for mounting (e.g. Hewit M218 and Jade 403). Many conservators expressed their negative approach to popular mounting materials and techniques of mounting by overall adhesion.
The survey was a part of the project "Heritage preservation and ethnobotany. Analysis of the influence of conservation treatment on genetic material comprised in historic herbaria“ (project no. 2014/13/N/HS2/03118) funded by the National Science Centre in Poland. The results of the survey served as a basis for the next stage of the project, which was testing samples of herbarium specimens, 'treated' with the chosen materials, for the possible damaging influence on the DNA of specimens. The choice of materials based on the results of the survey, literature and availability of materials (some adhesives used for mounting some decades ago are no longer available). The herbarium samples were made of Arabidopsis thaliana and Fragaria vesca leaves, prepared for the project. After drying and 'treating' with conservation and mounting materials, the samples were artificially aged in a climatic chamber to imitate deterioration processes.
Engaging Children with Herbarium Specimens at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew’s Science Festival
Authors: Bavington Melissa 
Published: June 2018

The Kew and Wakehurst Science Festivals consists of five days of activities over two weekends. Workshops and tours allow visitors to engage with the scientists and their research. We designed an interactive experience, so children could understand what a herbarium sheet is and the process of making one.
The Herbarium accessions an average of 30,000 specimens per year and because specimens need to have a long life and be able to withstand being handled for hundreds of years they need to be ‘mounted’ according to strict protocols and guidelines. Botanical specimens are vital to research at Kew and beyond, providing key scientific data. Once mounted onto herbarium sheets botanical specimens are added to the Herbarium and made widely available to visiting scientists and researchers. Digitising these specimens increases access further through online portals. To achieve a specimen that can be handled for many years the specimens are mounted onto archival paper, along with their labels, before being added to the collection. There are 6 members in RBG Kew’s Specimen Preparation team who work full time to prepare botanical specimens for accession into the Herbarium collection; which currently stands at 7 million specimens and the oldest dates from the 1700s.
We simplified this specimen preparation process down to the basic component parts of paper, glue, plant material and pressing. Using material and tools that visitors would be able to find for themselves; art paper, child friendly glue and plant material used in flower crafts we created a hands-on experience for mounting a herbarium specimen.
The Science Festival is now in its 3rd year and each year the activity has been modified based on lessons learned over the course of the festival and each year. The stall is immensely popular going from 300 participants in the first year to over 700 in 2017. In the second year we added a new dimension and allowed visitors to image the specimens they created allowing them to zoom in and see plant parts and structures in further detail to highlight the importance of digitisation. These images can be viewed on the Kew Science Flickr group.
Launching a Risk Assessment Project
Authors: Anderson Gretchen , Burgwin Marion , McLaren Suzanne 
Published: June 2018

In 2017 Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM) received funding from the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS) to conduct a risk assessment for collections. CM had already conducted two general conservation surveys (1989 and 2010) and an environmental survey (2011), all funded by IMLS. The next logical step was to do a risk assessment.
The initial planning was done through the development of a funding proposal. Both the concept and the process had to be supported by administration and staff, which was ensured up front through the development of the grant application. At the time, we were fortunate enough to have a new administration that supported this project as a logical step toward developing a long-term collection care strategy. In the application we identified the most experienced subject matter expert as a consultant (R. R. Waller, Project Heritage Inc.). Waller has a longstanding relationship with CM, having been part of the core team in the general conservation surveys. Waller worked closely with the grant application team to develop the project schedule and internal team. Additionally, the grant application proposed the use of Waller's Cultural Property Risk Analasys Model (CPRAM) to assess our risks.
One key element in developing the proposal was the acknowledgment of limited staff time. This was solved by including money to hire a Collections Associate dedicated to the project, full time for the two-year duration of the project. There is a steep learning curve for the process. Having this "gatekeeper" to manage the data being gathered maintains consistencey and focuses adequate staff time to keep the project moving forward.
The overall goal of the project is to identify risks to the collections in a quantifiable manner. Using these data we will prioritize those risks and subsequently develop reasonable strategies to reduce the risks. This project will inform the overall strategic plan currently being developed for CM. By strategically including a few non-collection staff in the project, the risk assessment work will also promote better understanding and communication of collection concerns across the museum and our parent organization.
This poster examines the initial phase of the two-year project. It demonstrates how we, at CM, are approaching the organization of the CPRAM, training staff, and beginning this complex project.
Vision-specific and psychosocial impacts of low vision among patients with low vision at the eastern regional Low Vision Centre
Authors: Adamptey Beatrice , Naidoo Kovin S. , Govender Pirindhavellie 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To determine vision-specific and psychosocial implications of low vision among patients with low vision visiting the Low Vision Centre of the Eastern Regional Hospital in Ghana.Methodology: This was a descriptive case-control study of 41 patients with low vision and 41 patients with normal vision recruited from the Low Vision Centre of the Eastern Regional Hospital by simple random sampling. Data on vision-specific and psychosocial impacts of low vision was collected using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25). Biographical and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, educational status, marital status, employment and income status were gathered from consenting patients. Mann–Whitney U analysis using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was conducted to compare scores on vision-specific and psychosocial subscales of the NEI VFQ-25 between patients with low vision and patients with normal vision.Results: Patients with low vision recorded the lowest score on the driving subscale (median = 8.33, IQR [interquartile range]: 8.33–41.67, n = 41, p < 0.001), as well as on distance activities (median = 35.42, IQR = 16.70–58.80). Psychosocial implications of low vision included high dependency (median = 33.33, IQR = 25.00–50.00), reduced mental health (median = 37.50, IQR = 25.00–50.00) and limitation in partaking in social activities (median = 50.00, IQR = 37.50–78.00).Conclusion: Low vision has both vision-specific and psychosocial implications for the patients. Low vision management and services should therefore be tailored to meet these psychosocial and vision-specific needs to enable patients better accept their visual changes and to be better prepared to use their remaining vision to achieve their daily goals.
Sea-surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration from satellite data at global and regional scales
Authors: Galí Martí , Levasseur Maurice , Devred Emmanuel , Simó Rafel , Babin Marcel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The marine biogenic gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) modulates climate by enhancing
aerosol light scattering and seeding cloud formation. However, the lack of
time- and space-resolved estimates of DMS concentration and emission hampers
the assessment of its climatic effects. Here we present
DMSSAT, a new remote sensing algorithm that relies on
macroecological relationships between DMS, its phytoplanktonic precursor
dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPt) and plankton light exposure. In the first
step, planktonic DMSPt is estimated from satellite-retrieved chlorophyll a
and the light penetration regime as described in a previous study (Galí
et al., 2015). In the second step, DMS is estimated as a function of DMSPt
and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) at the sea surface with an
equation of the form: log10DMS=α+βlog10DMSPt+γPAR. The two-step
DMSSAT algorithm is computationally light and can be
optimized for global and regional scales. Validation at the global scale
indicates that DMSSAT has better skill than previous
algorithms and reproduces the main climatological features of DMS seasonality
across contrasting biomes. The main shortcomings of the global-scale
optimized algorithm are related to (i) regional biases in remotely sensed
chlorophyll (which cause underestimation of DMS in the Southern Ocean) and
(ii) the inability to reproduce high DMS ∕ DMSPt ratios in late summer
and fall in specific regions (which suggests the need to account for
additional DMS drivers). Our work also highlights the shortcomings of
interpolated DMS climatologies, caused by sparse and biased in situ sampling.
Time series derived from MODIS-Aqua in the subpolar North Atlantic between
2003 and 2016 show wide interannual variability in the magnitude and timing
of the annual DMS peak(s), demonstrating the need to move beyond the
classical climatological view. By providing synoptic time series of DMS
emission, DMSSAT can leverage atmospheric chemistry and
climate models and advance our understanding of plankton–aerosol–cloud
interactions in the context of global change.
On the social dynamics of moisture recycling
Authors: Keys Patrick W. , Wang-Erlandsson Lan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The biophysical phenomenon of terrestrial moisture recycling connects distant
regions via the atmospheric branch of the water cycle. This process, whereby
the land surface mediates evaporation to the atmosphere and the precipitation
that falls downwind, is increasingly well-understood. However, recent studies
highlight a need to consider an important and often missing dimension – the
social. Here, we explore the social dynamics of three case study countries
with strong terrestrial moisture recycling: Mongolia, Niger, and Bolivia. We
first use the WAM-2layers moisture tracking scheme and ERA-Interim climate
reanalysis, to calculate the evaporation sources for each country's
precipitation, a.k.a. the precipitationshed. Second, we examine the social
aspects of source and sink regions, using economic, food security, and
land-use data. Third, we perform a literature review of relevant economic
links, land-use policies, and land-use change for each country and its
evaporation sources. The moisture-recycling analysis reveals that Mongolia,
Niger, and Bolivia recycle 13, 9, and 18 % of their own moisture,
respectively. Our analysis of social aspects suggests considerable
heterogeneity in the social characteristics within each country relative to
the societies in its corresponding evaporation sources. We synthesize our
case studies and develop a set of three system archetypes that capture the
core features of the moisture-recycling social–ecological systems (MRSESs):
isolated, regional, and tele-coupled systems. Our key results are as follows:
(a) geophysical tele-connections of atmospheric moisture are complemented by
social tele-couplings forming feedback loops, and consequently, complex
adaptive systems; (b) the heterogeneity of the social dynamics among our case
studies renders broad generalization difficult and highlights the need for
nuanced individual analysis; and, (c) there does not appear to be a single
desirable or undesirable MRSES, with each archetype associated with benefits
and disadvantages. This exploration of the social dimensions of moisture
recycling is part of an extension of the emerging discipline of
socio-hydrology and a suggestion for further exploration of new disciplines
such as socio-meteorology or socio-climatology, within which the Earth system
is considered as a coevolutionary social–ecological system.
Met recht een zorg
Authors: Claessen D. , Eijkman Q.A.M. , Lamkaddem M. 
Published: June 2018

Met recht een zorg: lokale sociale professionals als poortwachters van de Wet maatschappelijke ondersteuning 2015
Op basis van één casestudy van een wijkteam in Amersfoort gaat dit artikel in op de mate van juridische kennis van lokale sociale professionals over de Wet maatschappelijke ondersteuning 2015 (Wmo 2015). Ook komen knelpunten aanbod, die zij ervaren in de uitvoering van de juridische procedure. Als hulpverlener dienen ze de belangen van hun cliënt te behartigen. Tegelijkertijd bepalen ze als poortwachter, onder mandaat van de gemeente, wie in aanmerking komt voor een maatwerkvoorziening op basis van de Wmo 2015. Deze dubbele pet heeft onbedoelde consequenties voor geschillenbeslechting. Professionalisering is nodig om de kwaliteit van besluitvorming door sociale professionals te verbeteren en de rechtspositie van mensen met een beperking sterker te waarborgen.
Multilevel Nanoparticles Coatings with Excellent Liquid Repellency
Authors: Zhou Lei , Yin Siliang , Guo Zhenyu , Yang Nan , Li Jitong , Zhang Mingqian , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe excellent liquid repellency surfaces are achieved by using dual‐scale hydrophobic silica coating (d‐HSC) which nanoparticles in xylene‐based suspension without any further modification. The suspension can also be sprayed, dipped, or brushed on substrate to create a transparent superhydrophobic surface. It is demonstrated that the excellent repellency can be achieved for various liquid (e.g., water, milk, coffee, glycerol) as d‐HSC onto copper plate, polyvinyl chloride plate, glass slide, building stone, sponge, and tissue paper. Furthermore, with the addition of silane coupling agent, the d‐HSC shows resilience and maintains its performance to some extent after abrasion with sandpaper. A facile, low‐cost, and effective method to fabricate these multifunctional coatings on versatile substrates is developed without using the common method of fluoride vapor deposition for surface modification. The study is greatly significant for design of robust materials with self‐cleaning, anti‐icing, or waterproof performances that can be extended into application of many aspects (e.g., airplane wing, wall of cooling tower in industry, packing, building, etc.).
Isolation of Circulating Fetal Trophoblasts Using Inertial Microfluidics for Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Winter Marnie , Hardy Tristan , Rezaei Meysam , Nguyen Vy , Zander‐Fox Deirdre , Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid , Thierry Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile noninvasive prenatal testing based on cell‐free fetal DNA has recently revolutionized the field of aneuploidy screening in pregnancy, it remains limited to aneuploidy and microdeletion screening, and is unable to reliably detect single gene disorders. A number of recent studies have demonstrated the potential of circulating trophoblastic cells in providing cell‐based noninvasive diagnosis with sequencing or array‐based assays. However, considering the extreme rarity of these cells in blood, efficient, high‐throughput, and clinically applicable enrichment technologies are yet to be developed. This study demonstrates for the first time the utility of inertial microfluidics for efficient isolation of trophoblastic cells from maternal peripheral blood. Under optimal operating conditions, high‐recovery yields (79%) are obtained using a trophoblastic cell‐line, which is subsequently confirmed with analysis of maternal blood. Feasibility of obtaining a diagnosis from cells isolated from a maternal sample is demonstrated in a case of confirmed fetal trisomy 21 in which six fetal cells are found in a 7 mL blood sample using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Finally, it is demonstrated that trophoblastic cells isolated using inertial microfluidics could be picked and subjected to a clinically validated sequencing assay, paving the way for further validation of this technology and larger clinical studies.
An Electroactive Binder in the Formulation of IGZO Ink to Print an IGZO‐Based Rectifier for Harvesting Direct Current (DC) Power from the Near Field Communication (NFC) Signal of a Smartphone
Authors: Rajbhandari Grishmi , Vanaraj Prince Wesley , Maskey Bijendra Bishow , Park Hyejin , Sapkota Ashish , Jung Younsu , Majima Yutaka , Cho Gyoujin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFormulating a high‐performing semiconducting ink is crucial toward printing a diode for constructing a direct current (DC) power harvesting device, consisting of an antenna, a diode, and a capacitor, that can rectify the coupled weak near field communication (NFC) (13.56 MHz) signal (<1.5 Vpp) generated from smartphones. To achieve such performance, indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)‐based semiconducting ink is formulated by developing an electroactive binder, poly(4‐styrene sulfonic acid). By reducing the turn‐on voltage and providing a good rheological characteristic for printing metal insulator semiconductor‐Schottky diodes on plastic film, the newly formulated IGZO ink is able to print a rectifier that can harvest DC voltage with 50% efficiency from the coupled 13.56 MHz signal (NFC) of a smartphone.
Polymer Meets Frustrated Lewis Pair: Second‐Generation CO2‐Responsive Nanosystem for Sustainable CO2 Conversion
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Renjie , Yan Qiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFrustrated Lewis pairs (FLP), a couple comprising a sterically encumbered Lewis acid and Lewis base, can offer latent reactivity for activating inert gas molecules. However, their use as a platform for fabricating gas‐responsive materials has not yet developed. Merging the FLP concept with polymers, we report a new generation CO2‐responsive system, differing from the first‐generation ones based on an acid–base equilibrium mechanism. Two complementary Lewis acidic and basic block copolymers, installing bulky borane‐ and phosphine‐containing blocks, were built as the macromolecular FLP. They can bind CO2 to drive micellar formation, in which CO2 as a cross‐linker bridges the block chains. This dative bonding endows the assembly with ultrafast response (<20 s), thermal reversibility, and excellent reproducibility. Moreover, such micelles bound highly active CO2 can function as nanocatalysts for recyclable C1 catalysis, opening a new direction of sustainable CO2 conversion.
Applications of Pillar[n]arene‐Based Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada‐aki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMacrocycles are an important player in supramolecular chemistry. In 2008, a new class of macrocycles, “pillar[n]arenes”, were first discovered. Research efforts in the area of pillar[n]arenes have elucidated key properties, such as their shape, reaction mechanism, host–guest properties, and their versatile functionality, which has contributed to the development of pillar[n]arene chemistry and their applications to various fields. This Minireview describes how pillar[n]arene‐based supramolecular assemblies can be applied to supramolecular gel formation, reactions, light‐harvesting systems, drug‐delivery systems, biochemical applications, separation and storage materials, and surface chemistry.
Phase‐Transition Induced Conversion into a Photothermal Material: Quasi‐Metallic WO2.9 Nanorods for Solar Water Evaporation and Anticancer Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Sun Lei , Li Zhuo , Su Rui , Wang Yuanlin , Li Zhenglin , Du Baosheng , Sun Ye , Guan Pengfei , Besenbacher Flemming , Yu Miao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhase transition from WO3 to sub‐stoichiometric WO2.9 by a facile method has varied the typical semiconductor to be quasi‐metallic with a narrowed band gap and a shifted Femi energy to the conduction band, while maintaining a high crystallinity. The resultant WO2.9 nanorods possess a high total absorption capacity (ca. 90.6 %) over the whole solar spectrum as well as significant photothermal conversion capability, affording a conversion efficiency as high as around 86.9 % and a water evaporation efficiency of about 81 % upon solar light irradiation. Meanwhile, the promising potential of the nanorods for anticancer photothermal therapy have been also demonstrated, with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (ca. 44.9 %) upon single wavelength near‐infrared irradiation and a high tumor inhibition rate (ca. 98.5 %). This study may have opened up a feasible route to produce high‐performance photothermal materials from well‐developed oxides.