bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and functional constipation in children
Authors: Yuwanita Natasha , Sinuhaji Atan Baas , Sembiring Tiangsa , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Yudiyanto Ade Rachmat 
Published: March 2018

Background Functional constipation is a common pediatric problem in both developed and developing countries. In the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity itself leads to many health problems, including functional constipation. Studies correlating obesity to functional constipation have thus far mostly originated from developed countries.Objective To assess for a possible correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children in a developing country.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Mukhlisin Islamic Boarding School, Batu Bara District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, between July and August 2015. The subjects were 150 students aged 12 to 17 years. Questionnaires were used to determine functional constipation and filled by direct interview. Obesity was determined by body mass index. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results Of 150 children, 49 had functional constipation; and 18 of the 49 were obese. The mean age of children with constipation was 14.7 (SD 1.07) years (95%CI 14.1 to 14.7) and their mean body weight was 53.8 (SD 15.10) kg (95%CI 49.4 to 58.1). The prevalence for functional constipation in obese children was 58% There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation (prevalence ratio=4; 95%CI 1.72 to 8.94; P=0.001), indicating that obese children had 4 times higher risk of having functional constipation.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children.
Unsicherheiten menschlicher Entscheidungsfindung in Empfehlungssystemen
Authors: Jasberg Kevin , Sizov Sergej 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Eines der wichtigsten Anliegen adaptiver Informationssysteme ist die Modellierung menschlichen Verhaltes, um unter anderem Benutzerpersonalisierung und Empfehlungen anbieten zu können. Dies geschieht gewöhnlich durch die Beobachtung der Nutzerinteraktionen und durch das direkte Befragen der Benutzer selbst. Wie im Alltag, so auch im Umgang mit Informationssystemen, erweisen sich Menschen in ihren Entscheidungen als unbeständig und sprunghaft; komplexe Kognitionen führen nicht immer zu demselben Ergebnis, sodass sich Wahrscheinlichkeiten für eine Vielzahl möglicher Entscheidungen ergeben. Dieses Phänomen besitzt einen großen Einfluss auf heutige Informationssysteme. Daher stellt sich die Frage nach einer effektiven Modellierung dieser Unsicherheit in der menschlichen Entscheidungsfindung. In diesem Beitrag betrachten wir die Grundidee der Unsicherheit aus drei verschiedenen Perspektiven: der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, der Metrologie bzw. Physik sowie der Neurowissenschaft. Durch das Zusammenführen dieser Theorien bzw. der Übertragung ihrer spezifischen Methoden können wir eine wichtige Quelle der Unsicherheit menschlicher Entscheidungsfindung identifizieren und die begrenzte Möglichkeit ihrer Vermessung thematisieren. Der Einfluss dieser Unsicherheit wird dabei exemplarisch am Beispiel der komparativen Bewertung von Empfehlungsdiensten illustriert. Basierend auf unseren Ergebnissen diskutieren wir die möglichen Auswirkungen auf Informationssysteme im Allgemeinen und geben einen kurzen Überblick über mögliche Lösungsstrategien.
Prevention of Primary ACL Injuries: A Novel, Innovative Approach
Authors: Fleaca Radu , Roman Mihai , Bățagă Tiberiu , Feier Andrei-Marian , Prejbeanu Radu , Predescu Vlad , Zuh Sándor-György , Gergely István , Russu Octav 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are increasing amongst professional and recreational athletes, and creating prevention programs to reduce the occurrence of ACL damages is becoming a necessity. To prevent an ACL tear, it is necessary to comprehend the mechanisms and the risk factors of injury. Biomechanical and clinical studies try to understand these complex mechanisms in order to identify factors that can be improved and to develop training programs to prevent at least non-contact ACL injuries. There are several promising programs, but there are still many questions to answer. This paper analyzes the risk factors for ACL injuries and some aspects of the modern programs developed to decrease the rate of ACL tears.
Stem Cell Mobilization and Harvesting Failure in Case of Heavily Pretreated Patients
Authors: Mild Eszter , Lázár Erzsébet , Köpeczi Judit-Beáta , Kakucs Enikő , Găzdac Marius , Pakucs Annamária , Tudor Cezara , Benedek István 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation have become a standard curative treatment in various hematologic malignancies. Many factors can affect the success of mobilization and hematopoietic stem cell harvesting.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze factors that lead to mobilization failure.

Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 19 patients with failure of stem cell harvesting. All patients were administered high doses of GCS-F (filgrastim, 15 μg/kg/day) and 0.24 mg/kg of plerixafor on day +5 or +10 of harvesting.

Results: The median age of the study population was 51 years (range 35–67) and 52.6% (n = 10) were males. The study group included 4 (21%) subjects with multiple myeloma, 6 (31.5%) with Hodgkin lymphoma, 8 cases (42.1%) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 1 patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Each patient received 2.78 (range 1–5) lines of chemotherapy, administered in 11.57 (range 2 to over 20) cycles of treatment.

Conclusion: In hematologic malignancies it is very important to collect stem cells in time, in order to reduce mobilization failure. As we have shown in our studied cases, multiple lines of polychemotherapy with or without radiotherapy lead to mobilization failure.
A Thermodynamically Consistent Approach to Phase-Separating Viscous Fluids
Authors: Anders Denis , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The de-mixing properties of heterogeneous viscous fluids are determined by an interplay of diffusion, surface tension and a superposed velocity field. In this contribution a variational model of the decomposition, based on the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible laminar flow and the extended Korteweg–Cahn–Hilliard equations, is formulated. An exemplary numerical simulation using

C

1

{C}^{1}

-continuous finite elements demonstrates the capability of this model to compute phase decomposition and coarsening of the moving fluid.
Effects of tributyltin on placental cytokine production
Authors: Arita Yuko , Kirk Michael , Gupta Neha , Menon Ramkumar , Getahun Darios , Peltier Morgan R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Tributyltin (TBT) is a persistent pollutant but its effects on placental function are poorly understood as are its possible interactions with infection. We hypothesized that TBT alters the production of sex hormones and biomarkers for inflammation and neurodevelopment in an infection-dependent manner.

Methods
Placental explant cultures were treated with 0–5000 nM TBT in the presence and absence of Escherichia coli. A conditioned medium was harvested and concentrations of steroids (progesterone, P4; testosterone, T and estradiol, E2) as well as biomarkers of inflammation [interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-10, IL-6, soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp-130) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)], oxidative stress [8-iso-prostaglandin (8-IsoP)] and neurodevelopment [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] were quantified.

Results
TBT increased P4 slightly but had little or no effect on T or E2 production. IL-1β, IL-6, sgp-130, IL-10 and 8-IsoP production was enhanced by TBT. P4 and IL-6 production was also enhanced by TBT for bacteria-stimulated cultures but TBT significantly inhibited bacteria-induced IL-1β and sgp-130 production. High doses of TBT also inhibited BDNF production.

Conclusions
TBT increases P4 but has minimal effect on downstream steroids. It enhances the production of inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6. Inhibition of sgp-130 by TBT suggests that TBT may increase bioactive IL-6 production which has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Reduced expression of BDNF also supports this possibility.
Adrenal gland size in growth restricted fetuses
Authors: Heese Sandra , Hammer Kerstin , Möllers Mareike , Köster Helen A. , Falkenberg Maria K. , Eveslage Maria , Braun Janina , Oelmeier de Murcia Kathrin , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
To compare the adrenal gland size of fetal growth restricted (FGR) and normal control fetuses.

Study design
In this prospective study the adrenal gland size of 63 FGR fetuses and 343 normal controls was measured between 20 and 41 weeks of gestation. The total width and the medulla width were measured in a new standardized transversal plane. The cortex width and a calculated ratio of the total and medulla width (adrenal gland ratio) were compared between both groups.

Results
The mean cortex width and the adrenal gland ratio in FGR fetuses were higher in comparison to the controls (P<0.001; P=0.036, respectively). The cortex width correlated positively with the gestational age (control group: P<0.001; FGR group: P=0.089) whilst the adrenal gland ratio showed no association with the gestational age (control group: P=0.153; FGR group: P=0.314).

Conclusion
The adrenal gland cortex width and the adrenal gland ratio were increased in FGR fetuses compared to normal fetuses.
Cleidocranial dysplasia-dental disorder treatment and audiology diagnosis
Authors: Matthews-Brzozowska Teresa , Hojan-Jezierska Dorota , Loba Wawrzyniec , Worona Marta , Matthews-Brzozowski Artur 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A review of numerous case reports was made, in order to demonstrate the possibilities for treatment of dental disorders in patients with Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). In this paper, our own report, including a diagnosis of the effect on the auditory system, is presented. In addition to the triad of CCD symptoms that include hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles, impacted and supernumerary teeth, delayed closure of fontanelles and cranial sutures, impairment of the hearing system resulting in conductive hearing loss also occurs. Our own report is based on the case of a 12-year-old CCD patient, in whom Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) revealed the presence of 12 supernumerary teeth. Furthermore, a clinical examination pointed to the presence of retained deciduous teeth and a delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Orthodontic-surgical procedures were implemented, in accordance with the literature. During the course of the orthodontic treatment, a decrease in auditory sensitivity was observed, for which reason hearing tests were also performed. Conductive hearing loss was detected. As such, it is important to remember that in such cases, auditory check-ups need to be performed between the many surgical and orthodontic interventions, which usually last a few years.
Magnetic characterization of microcrystalline Na3Ln0.99–xEr0.01Crx(PO4)2 orthophosphates synthesized by Pechini method (Ln = La, Gd)
Authors: Kaczmarek S.M. , Leniec G. , Fuks H. , Skibiński T. , Pelczarska A. , Godlewska P. , Hanuza J. , Szczygieł I. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Na3Ln(PO4)2 orthophosphates (Ln = La, Gd) doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Cr3+ ions were synthesized by Pechini method and characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Low temperature EPR spectra were detected and analyzed in terms of temperature dependence and the structure of the obtained materials. They show that erbium and chromium ions substitute Ln3+ and also Na+ ions or Na+ channels forming complex EPR spectra. Both kinds of ions reveal ferromagnetic type of interaction which shows some anomaly at the temperature between 10 K and 15 K. Magnetic susceptibility reveals a weak antiferromagnetic kind of interaction dominating in the whole temperature range, from 3.5 to 300 K.
An Angelic Jesus?
Authors: Demiri Lejla 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis paper offers a close reading of the Muslim theologian Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī’s (d. 716/1316) five treatises in which he describes Jesus in angelic terms, asserting that in his nature Jesus was an angel, but in form a human being. It also provides a thorough analysis of Ṭūfī’s scriptural arguments for the notion of an angelic Jesus. The question of his possible sources is further addressed. Are there any Christian writings that describe Jesus in angelic terms? If so, how do they relate to Ṭūfī’s ‘angel-natured Jesus’? Pointing out a number of early Christian textual traditions that clearly bear marks of the notion of an angelic Jesus, the paper then sheds light upon those sources that may have led to a milieu that ultimately influenced Ṭūfī’s opinion. Ṭūfī’s reference to an angelic Jesus and his willingness to incorporate it into his own Christology suggest that at least some features of angel Christology must have been still ‘in the air’ in the early 14th century Egyptian context.
New Perspectives on the Late Neolithic of South-Western Sweden. An Interdisciplinary Investigation of the Gallery Grave Falköping Stad 5
Authors: Blank Malou , Tornberg Anna , Knipper Corina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article presents the results of an interdisciplinary study combining archaeology, osteology, and stable isotope analyses. The geological conditions and richness of megalithic graves in Falbygden is suitable for studies of Neolithic human remains. Nevertheless, the Late Neolithic period (2350-1700 BC) is poorly investigated. This paper explores new knowledge of the Late Neolithic megalithic population in Falbygden. In-depth osteological and archaeological studies focusing on a single gallery grave (Falkoping stad 5) were conducted. Radiocarbon dating and carbon, nitrogen, and strontium isotope analyses of teeth from twenty-one individuals revealed the time of the grave’s use, as well as the subsistence and mobility practices of the buried individuals. The grave was already in use during the first part of the Late Neolithic and used into the second part of the period by individuals of different origin. Furthermore, the results indicated changing population dynamics in the Late Neolithic Falbygden, with increased human mobility, variability in subsistence strategies, and growing population density.
Dynamic contextualization and comparison as the basis of biologically inspired action understanding
Authors: Alkurdi Laith , Busch Christian , Peer Angelika 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeople exhibit a robust ability to understand the actions of others around them. In this work, we identify two biologically inspired mechanisms that we hypothesize to be central in the function of action understanding. The first module is a contextual predictor of the observed action, given the goal-directed movement towards objects, and the actions that are allowed to be performed on the object. The second module is a kinematic trajectory parser that validates the previous prediction against a set of learned templates.We model both mechanisms and link them to the environment using the cognitive framework of Dynamic Field Theory and present our first steps into integrating the aforementioned modules into a consistent framework for the purpose of action understanding. The two modules and the combined architecture as awhole are experimentally validated using a recording of an actor performing a series of intentional actions testing the ability of the architecture to understand context and parse actions dynamically. Our initial qualitative results show that action understanding benefits from the combination of the two modules, while any module alone would be insufficient to resolve ambiguity in the perceived actions.
Effect of drying parameters on the physical, morphological and thermal properties of spray-dried inulin
Authors: Ahmed Israr , Niazi Muhammad Bilal Khan , Jahan Zaib , Naqvi Salman Raza 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study focuses on the thermal, morphological and physical properties of spray-dried chicory root inulin using a thermogravimetric analyzer, environmental scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractogram and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Different spray-drying conditions were investigated by varying inlet temperature, outlet temperature and aspirator speed. The starting material was semicrystalline. A feed temperature of 95°C was employed, which produced a completely transparent solution for spray drying. At that particular temperature, the powder samples obtained were entirely amorphous and morphology resembled each other except for higher solid content. The low glass transition temperature (T
g) (106.83°C) was evident by treating low-molecular-weight samples, whereas high-molecular-weight samples exhibited high T
g (125.81°C). The semicrystalline samples due to the high concentration and milky dispersion exhibited high decomposition temperature. The feed temperature, molecular weight and concentration of the samples tend to have a significant effect on the properties of spray-dried inulin.
Erhalt und Weiterentwicklung einer hochwertigen Gesundheitsversorgung als Ziel gesundheitsberuflicher Bildung und Beschäftigung
Authors: Kälble Karl , Pundt Johanne 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge des gesellschaftlichen Wandels und der damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen für den Erhalt und die Weiterentwicklung einer hochwertigen Gesundheitsversorgung kommt einem in quantitativer und qualitativer Hinsicht adäquat qualifizierten Personal im Bereich der patientenbezogenen Dienstleistungsberufe eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund gibt der Beitrag einen Einblick in einige aktuelle Entwicklungen und Trends im Wandel der gesundheitsberuflichen Bildung.
Could massive open online courses improve health and medical education?
Authors: Schütte Stefanie , Goulet-Ebongue Sophie-Hélène , Habouchi Khamsa 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Technological advances during the last decade have provided novel opportunities for development of health and medical education. Education of health care professionals by massive open online courses (MOOCs) has been suggested in order to improve care and treatment of patients and the health literacy of the public. This article discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of MOOCs in health and medical education by taking a special focus on low and middle-income countries.
The knowledge of the inhabitants of Lesser Poland about the profession of an occupational therapist
Authors: Żmudzińska Urszula Ż , Bac Aneta 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction: A contemporary model of occupational therapy differs from the previous model which was common in Poland in previous years. Therefore, the opinions of the society concerning the profession of an occupational therapist are constantly changing. Material and methods: The research included 244 inhabitants of Lesser Poland aged between 25 and 65 employed in various professions. A questionnaire regarding occupational therapy and the profession and competences of occupational therapists was applied in the study. Results: The presented results show that the job of an occupational therapist is perceived as a needed profession both by individuals who underwent such therapy and those who did not use such services. Responses regarding competences and activities in the profession of an occupational therapist revealed differences in the opinions of the study participants. Conclusions: Taking into account only competences and activities of an occupational therapist, associations of the study participants reflected the knowledge of the model of therapy that existed before and was mainly devoted to occupational therapy workshops. The respondents would trust an occupational therapist both in adapting the house to their needs and in performing exercises connected with activities of daily living.
Spatial composition as intersemiotic translation: The journey of a pattern through time from a translation semiotics theory perspective
Authors: Kourdis Evangelos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper I examine cases where spatial composition produces intersemiotic translations for artistic and advertising purposes in a period where globalization permits and profits by the intertextual evoking of cultural texts. Thus globalization gives us the chance to promote new messages that contribute, in their turn, to a series of cultural interpretations that enrich the forms of modern communication. Accepting one of the basic theses of Translation Semiotics that intersemiotic translation or transmutation may occur among nonverbal sign systems, I will be examining cases of intersemiotic (intericonic) translations having as source texts artistic texts. My basic conclusion is that in these intersemiotic translations the source text although absent, is always present due to world cultural memory. Furthermore, the repetitiveness in the use of these old and well-known original texts, and their inscription in the collective memory as high cultural value texts, seems to affect the fact that they have been chosen as texts capable of being transmuted. Finally, I argue that translation can also be understood as a re-narration of cultural knowledge using different signs but on the same or similar sign space.
Messung von Nutzerinteraktion mit einem Exoskelett durch EMG und Gelenk-Drehmomente
Authors: Hessinger Markus , Christmann Eike , Werthschützky Roland , Kupnik Mario 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Bestimmung der Bewegungsintention stellt eine Herausforderung in der Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation dar, um einen sicher und intuitvive Bedienung zu ermöglichen. Hierzu werden zwei Messprinzipen zur Nutzerintentionserkennung mit einem Oberarm-Exoskelett untersucht. Für die Antriebsachsen wird ein strukturintegrierter Drehmomentsensor entworfen und über ein dynamisches Modell unter Berücksichtigung der Schwerkraft, Trägheit und Reibung des Exoskelettes das Nutzermoment bestimmt. Das gemessene Drehmoment wird mit EMG-Signalen der beteiligten Muskeln der Schulter verglichen. Aus Probandenmessungen ist eine Verzögerung des mechanischen Drehmomentes hinter der elektrischen Muskelaktivierung von maximal 80 ms und ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen Drehmoment und EMG Signal zu erkennen.
Can ursolic acid be beneficial against diabetes in rats?
Authors: Bacanlı Merve , Aydın Sevtap , Anlar Hatice Gül , Çal Tuğbagül , Arı Nuray , Ündeğer Bucurgat Ülkü , Başaran Arif Ahmet , Başaran Nurşen 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Diabetes mellitus, a heteregenous metabolic and chronic disease, is a growing health problem especially in developing countries. It is claimed that diabetes associated with increased formation of free radicals and decrease in antioxidant potential and also alterations in lipid profile and enzyme levels. Ursolic acid is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ursolic acid on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats.

Methods
DNA damage was evaluated in the blood and liver cells of rats by alkaline comet assay. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, hepatic enzyme levels and lipid profile parameters were also evaluated.

Results
The results of this study demonstrate that diabetes caused genotoxic damage, changes in hepatic enzyme and lipid profile, biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress parameters in rats. Ursolic acid was found to be protective against diabetes induced effects in blood and liver samples of rats.

Conclusions
According to our results, it seems that ursolic acid may be beneficial against diabetes and its adverse effects in rats.