bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posturography examination as a diagnostic tool in children - a review of the literature
Authors: Borek Joanna Monika , Malak Roksana Ewa , Matthews-Brzozowska Teresa , Samborski Włodzimierz 
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Posturograph tests are used to assess the vestibular reflex, which can be helpful for specialists who analyze body balance disorders. Despite many studies on the stability of body posture in pediatric patients, there is still a lack of reliable analysis.Aim. Performing a review of the literature to verify the relationship between balance and body posture as well as stomatognathic system as a part of motor system and the craniofacial complex using a posturograph.Material and Methods. A review of the literature has been carried out for the posturographic examination as a diagnostic tool. The following work is for reference only. A review of the Google Schoolar database and PubMed was made. Keywords used in the search are: (children) and (posturography, posture control, balance, temporomandibular joint). The authors took into account reports published in Polish and English. For the purposes of this review, strict criteria for the inclusion and exclusion of research work have been created.Results. The authors analyzed 335 research papers, of which 5 articles were qualified after the analysis. Studies show that there is a relationship between posturographic examination and postural disorders in children. However, the results are not conclusive and further research is necessary before these results can be considered as fully generalized.Summary. It is necessary to standardize the research using a posturograph. There is a need for further research due to the lack of standardized measurements showing norms for individual age groups.
Pengaruh Jumlah Mol Kroslinker Pada Selektifitas IIP Berbasis Polieugenol Terhadap Fe(III)
Authors: Djunaidi Muhammad Cholid , Haris Abdul , Pardoyo Pardoyo , K Rosdiana 
Published: September 2019

<p class="ISI">Sintesis <em>Ionic Imprinted Polymer</em> (IIP) dilakukan dengan variasi penambahan <em>crosslinker</em> PEGDE <em>(Polyethylene glycol diglycidilether)</em> yang kemudian diuji selektivitas IIP terhadap ion logam Fe melalui proses adsorpsi. IIP merupakan metode mencetak ion logam yang terikat dalam polimer, selanjutnya dilepaskan dari matriks polimer menghasilkan cetakan yang sesuai terhadap ion target. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan IIP dan NIP dari polieugenol dengan variasi penambahan <em>crosslinker</em> PEGDE perbandingan sebanyak 1, 2 dan 3 mol, mengetahui pengaruh jumlah mol <em>crosslinker</em> terhadap selektivitas adsorpsi IIP yang melibatkan rongga <em>imprint</em>/cetakan, serta mengetahui pengaruh logam kompetitor terhadap selektivitas adsorpsi IIP terhadap logam Fe. Selektivitas adsorpsi ion logam Fe(III) dengan penambahan <em>crosslinker</em> PEDGE 3 mol lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penambahan <em>crosslinker</em> PEGDE 1 dan 2 mol. Selektivitas adsorpsi Fe lebih besar pada Fe-Cr dibandingkan dengan Fe-Cd dan Fe-Pb.</p><p><strong>Influence of Crosslinker Mole Amount on </strong><strong>the </strong><strong>Selectivity IIP</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>Based Polyeugenol Towards Fe(III)</strong><strong>.</strong> The synthesis of IIP (Ionic Imprinted Polymer) was carried out using PEGDE (Polyethylene glycol diglycidilether) crosslinker addition in various moles which was then tested for IIP selectivity for Fe metal ions through the adsorption process. IIP is a method of metal ions printing which are bound in a polymer, then released from the polymer matrix to produce a suitable mold for the target ion. The purposes of this study were to produce IIP and <em>non imprinted polymer</em> (NIP) from polyeugenol with the addition of various moles of PEGDE crosslinkers as much as 1, 2 and 3 moles, and to determine the effect of the number of mole crosslinkers on the selectivity of IIP adsorption involving imprint/mold cavities<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">,</span> and the effect of competitor metals on IIP adsorption selectivity towards Fe metal. The selectivity of Fe (III) metal ion adsorption with the addition of 3 mole PEDGE crosslinkers was greater than the addition of 1 and 2 moles PEGDE crosslinkers. The selectivity of Fe adsorption <span style="text-decoration: line-through;">is</span> was greater in Fe-Cr compared to Fe-Cd and Fe-Pb.</p>
The Distribution of Underrepresented Minorities in U.S. Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs
Authors: Adelani Muyibat A. , Harrington Melvyn A. , Montgomery Corey O. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Orthopaedic surgery has generally lagged behind other surgical subspecialties with respect to racial and ethnic diversity in its U.S. residency programs. Efforts have been made to increase the number of underrepresented minorities (URMs) applying to orthopaedic surgery residencies; however, the impact on diversity at the residency program level is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether orthopaedic surgery residency programs have become more racially diverse over time.

Methods:
The Graduate Medical Education Track database was queried for individual racial/ethnic identification of orthopaedic surgery residents in U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited programs for 15 consecutive years (2002-2003 through 2016-2017). The number of URMs in each residency program during each academic year was recorded. The number of programs per year with no URMs, 1 URM, 2 URMs, and >2 URMs was recorded, and the change over time was assessed.

Results:
The number of programs per year with >1 URM resident decreased over time, from 61 programs in 2002 to 53 programs in 2016, with the trough being 31 programs in 2010 (p < 0.0001). The number of programs per year without any URM residents increased over the period of study, from 40 programs in 2002 to 60 programs in 2016, with the peak being 76 programs in 2011 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The number of residency programs with >1 URM resident has decreased significantly over time, suggesting that diversity at the program level is limited. Program-level diversity should be further examined as a potential barrier to the recruitment of URMs to orthopaedics. Difficulty attracting URM residents to certain programs may have the unintended consequence of effectively limiting potential positions for these candidates, which can decrease the odds of minority students matching into orthopaedics and, therefore, perpetuate the cycle of lack of diversity in our field.
Preoperative Risk Factors for Opioid Utilization After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Prentice Heather A. , Inacio Maria C.S. , Singh Anshuman , Namba Robert S. , Paxton Elizabeth W. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Opioid prescriptions following orthopaedic procedures may contribute to the opioid epidemic in the United States. Risk factors for greater and prolonged opioid utilization following total hip arthroplasty have yet to be fully elucidated. We sought to determine the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative opioid utilization in a cohort of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty and to identify preoperative risk factors for prolonged utilization of opioids following total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:
A cohort study of patients who underwent primary elective total hip arthroplasty at Kaiser Permanente from January 2008 to December 2011 was conducted. The number of opioid prescriptions dispensed per 90-day period after total hip arthroplasty (up to 1 year) was the outcome of interest. The risk factors evaluated included preoperative analgesic medication use, patient demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and other history of chronic pain. Poisson regression models were used, and relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented.

Results:
Of the 12,560 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty and were identified, 58.5% were female and 78.6% were white. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 59 to 75 years). Sixty-three percent of patients filled at least 1 opioid prescription in the 1 year prior to the total hip arthroplasty. Postoperative opioid use went from 88.6% in days 1 to 90 to 24% in the last quarter. An increasing number of preoperative opioid prescriptions was associated with a greater number of prescriptions over the entire postoperative period, with an RR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.11) at days 271 to 360. Additional factors associated with greater utilization over the entire year included black race, chronic pulmonary disease, anxiety, substance abuse, and back pain. Factors associated with greater utilization in days 91 to 360 (beyond the early recovery phase) included female sex, higher body mass index, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, and history of non-specific chronic pain.

Conclusions:
We identified preoperative factors associated with greater and prolonged opioid utilization long after the early recovery period following total hip arthroplasty. Patients with these risk factors may benefit from targeted multidisciplinary interventions to mitigate the risk of prolonged opioid use.

Clinical Relevance:
Opioid prescriptions following orthopaedic procedures are one of the leading causes of chronic opioid use; strategies to reduce the risk of misuse and abuse are needed. At 1 year postoperatively, almost one-quarter of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty used opioids in the last 90 days of the first postoperative year, which makes understanding risk factors associated with postoperative opioid utilization imperative.
Polymyxin and Bacitracin in the Irrigation Solution Provide No Benefit for Bacterial Killing in Vitro
Authors: Goswami Karan , Cho Jeongeun , Foltz Carol , Manrique Jorge , Tan Timothy L. , Fillingham Yale , Higuera Carlos , Della Valle Craig , Parvizi Javad 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Many surgeons add topical antibiotics to irrigation solutions assuming that this has a local effect and eliminates bacteria. However, prior studies have suggested that the addition of antibiotics to irrigation solution confers little benefit, adds cost, may potentiate anaphylactic reactions, and may contribute to antimicrobial resistance. We sought to compare the antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity of an irrigation solution containing polymyxin-bacitracin with other commonly used irrigation solutions.

Methods:

Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were exposed to irrigation solutions containing topical antibiotics (500,000-U/L polymyxin and 50,000-U/L bacitracin; 1-g/L vancomycin; or 80-mg/L gentamicin), as well as commonly used irrigation solutions (saline solution 0.9%; povidone-iodine 0.3%; chlorhexidine 0.05%; Castile soap 0.45%; and sodium hypochlorite 0.125%). Following 1 and 3 minutes of exposure, surviving bacteria were manually counted. Failure to eradicate all bacteria in any of the 3 replicates was considered not effective for that respective solution. Cytotoxicity analysis in human fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes exposed to the irrigation solutions was performed by visualization of cell structure and was quantified by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Efficacy and cytotoxicity were assessed in triplicate experiments, with generalized linear mixed models.

Results:
Polymyxin-bacitracin, saline solution, and Castile soap at both exposure times were not effective at eradicating S. aureus or E. coli. In contrast, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and sodium hypochlorite irrigation were effective against both S. aureus and E. coli (p < 0.001). Vancomycin irrigation was effective against S. aureus but not against E. coli, whereas gentamicin irrigation showed partial efficacy against E. coli but none against S. aureus. Within fibroblasts, the greatest cytotoxicity was seen with chlorhexidine (mean [and standard error], 49.38% ± 0.80%; p < 0.0001), followed by Castile soap (33.57% ± 2.17%; p < 0.0001) and polymyxin-bacitracin (8.90% ± 1.40%). Povidone-iodine showed the least cytotoxicity of the efficacious solutions (5.00% ± 0.86%). Similar trends were seen at both exposure times and across fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes.

Conclusions:
Irrigation with polymyxin-bacitracin was ineffective at bacterial eradication, and statistically inferior to povidone-iodine. Chlorhexidine lavage conferred the greatest in vitro cytotoxicity.

Clinical Relevance:
These data suggest that the addition of polymyxin-bacitracin to saline solution irrigation has little value. Given the cost and antimicrobial resistance implications, our findings, combined with prior clinical literature, provide adequate reason to avoid widespread use of antibiotics in irrigation solutions. Povidone-iodine may be a more effective and safer option.
Decision Support Strategies for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Less Is More
Authors: Sepucha Karen , Bedair Hany , Yu Liyang , Dorrwachter Janet M. , Dwyer Maureen , Talmo Carl T. , Vo Ha , Freiberg Andrew A. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
As guidelines and payers increasingly recommend use of patient decision aids (DAs), evidence about the comparative effectiveness of available DAs is critical for organizations interested in implementing them. The primary purpose of this study was to compare 2 DAs with regard to their ability to help patients become informed and receive their preferred treatment (that is, make an informed patient-centered decision), shared decision-making, surgical rates, and surgeon satisfaction.

Methods:
We performed a multisite factorial randomized trial enrolling patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomly assigned to use a long, detailed DA (long DA) or short, interactive DA (short DA). Eight surgeons were randomly assigned to receive a patient preference report detailing the patient’s goals and treatment preferences or to administer usual care.

Results:
We distributed 1,636 pre-visit surveys, 1,220 of which were returned (75% response rate), and 1,124 post-visit surveys, 967 of which were returned (86% response rate). The patients in the sample had a mean age (and standard deviation) of 65 ± 10 years, 57% were female, 89% were white non-Hispanic, and 67% had knee osteoarthritis. The majority (67.2%) made informed patient-centered decisions, and the rate did not vary significantly between the DA groups (p = 0.97) or between the surgeon groups (p = 0.23). Knowledge scores were higher for the short-DA group (mean difference = 9%; p < 0.001). More than half of the sample (60.5%) had surgery within 6 months after the visit, and rates did not differ significantly by DA or surgeon group. Overall, the surgeons were highly satisfied and reported that the majority (88.7%) of the visits were of normal duration or shorter.

Conclusions:
The DECIDE-OA study is, to our knowledge, the first randomized comparative effectiveness study of 2 orthopaedic DAs. The short DA outperformed the long DA with regard to knowledge scores and was comparable with respect to other outcomes. The surgeons reported high satisfaction and normal visit duration with both DAs.

Clinical Relevance:
Surgeons need to ensure that patients with osteoarthritis are well-informed and have a clear preference regarding whether to undergo hip or knee replacement surgery. The DAs used in this study may help surgeons involve patients in elective surgery decisions and meet the requirements of informed consent.
Concerns and Quality of Life of Cancer Survivors Across the Survivorship Trajectory: A Singapore Perspective
Authors: Chua Gek Phin , Ng Quan Sing , Tan Hiang Khoon , Ong Whee Sze 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to determine the main concerns of survivors at various stages of the cancer survivorship of the cancer survivorship trajectory and to assess whether these concerns have any effect on their quality of life (QOL). The overall goal was to use the insights from the study to guide practice on patient care. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1107 cancer survivors diagnosed with colorectal, breast, lung, gynaecological, prostate or liver cancers from a cancer centre in Singapore. Eligible patients self-completed a questionnaire adapted from the Mayo Clinic Cancer Centre’s Cancer Survivors Survey of Needs. Results The top 5 concerns among all survivors were cancer treatment and recurrence risk (51%), followed by long-term treatment effects (49%), fear of recurrence (47%), financial concerns (37%) and fatigue (37%). Cancer treatment and recurrence risk, long-term treatment effects and fear of recurrence were amongst the top concerns across the survivorship trajectory. Mean QOL was 7.3 on a scale of 0 – 10. Completed treatment patients had higher QOL score than the newly diagnosed and on treatment patients and the patients dealing with recurrence or second cancer patients. Predictors for QOL included the economic status and housing type of patients and whether patients were concerned with pain and fatigue Conclusion This study confirms that cancer survivors in Singapore face multiple challenges and had various concerns at various stages of cancer survivorship, some of which negatively affect their QOL It is critical to design patient care delivery that appropriately address the various concerns of cancer survivors in order for them to cope and improve their QOL.
Multiple Iterative Labeling by Antibody Neodeposition (MILAN)
Authors: Cattoretti Giorgio , Bosisio Francesca Maria , Marcelis Lukas , Bolognesi Maddalena Maria 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

(What’s new in protocol Version 5: an expanded troubleshooting section, more validated antibodies)Multiplexing, labeling for multiple immunostains the very same cell or tissue section in situ, is of considerable interest. The major obstacles to the diffusion of this technique are high costs in custom antibodies and instruments, low throughput, scarcity of specialized skills or facilities. We have validated and detail here a method based on common primary and secondary antibodies, diffusely available fluorescent image scanners and routinely processed tissue sections \(FFPE). It entails rounds of four-color indirect immunofluorescence, image acquisition and removal \(stripping) of the antibodies, before another stain is applied. The images are digitally registered and the autofluorescence is subtracted. Removal of antibodies is accomplished by disulphide cleavage. In excess of 50 different antibody stains can be applied to one single section from routinely fixed and embedded tissue. This method requires a modest investment in hardware and materials and uses freeware image analysis software.
Revising contemporary heat flux estimates for the Lena River, Northern Eurasia
Authors: Tananaev N. I. , Georgiadi A. G. , Fofonova V. V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Lena River (Lena R.) heat flux affects the Laptev Sea hydrology. Published long-term estimates range from 14.0 to 15.7 EJ·a−1, based on data from Kyusyur, at the river outlet. A novel daily stream temperature (Tw) dataset was used to evaluate contemporary Lena R. heat flux, which is 16.4 ± 2.7 EJ·a−1 (2002–2011), confirming upward trends in both Tw and water runoff. Our field data from Kyusyur, however, reveal a significant negative bias, −0.8 °C in our observations, in observed Tw values from Kyusyur compared to the cross-section average Tw. Minor Lena R. tributaries discharge colder water during July–September, forming a cold jet affecting Kyusyur Tw data. Major Tw negative peaks mostly coincide with flood peaks on the Yeremeyka River, one of these tributaries. This negative bias was accounted for in our reassessment. Revised contemporary Lena R. heat flux is 17.6 ± 2.8 EJ·a−1 (2002–2011) and is constrained from above at 26.9 EJ·a−1 using data from Zhigansk, approximately 500 km upstream Kyusyur. Heat flux is controlled by stream temperature in June, during the freshet period, while from late July to mid-September, water runoff is a dominant factor.
Effects of Mobile Health App Interventions on Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Fitness in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yerrakalva Dharani , Yerrakalva Dhrupadh , Hajna Samantha , Griffin Simon 
Published: September 2019

Background
High sedentary time, low physical activity (PA), and low physical fitness place older adults at increased risk of chronic diseases, functional decline, and premature mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) apps, apps that run on mobile platforms, may help promote active living.

Objective
We aimed to quantify the effect of mHealth app interventions on sedentary time, PA, and fitness in older adults.

Methods
We systematically searched five electronic databases for trials investigating the effects of mHealth app interventions on sedentary time, PA, and fitness among community-dwelling older adults aged 55 years and older. We calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) in these outcomes between the intervention and control groups after the intervention period. We performed a Cochrane risk of bias assessment and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation certainty assessment.

Results
Overall, six trials (486 participants, 66.7% [324/486] women; age mean 68 [SD 6] years) were included (five of these trials were included in the meta-analysis). mHealth app interventions may be associated with decreases in sedentary time (SMD=−0.49; 95% CI −1.02 to 0.03), increases in PA (506 steps/day; 95% CI −80 to 1092), and increases in fitness (SMD=0.31; 95% CI −0.09 to 0.70) in trials of 3 months or shorter and with increases in PA (753 steps/day; 95% CI −147 to 1652) in trials of 6 months or longer. Risk of bias was low for all but one study. The quality of evidence was moderate for PA and sedentary time and low for fitness.

Conclusions
mHealth app interventions have the potential to promote changes in sedentary time and PA over the short term, but the results did not achieve statistical significance, possibly because studies were underpowered by small participant numbers. We highlight a need for larger trials with longer follow-up to clarify if apps deliver sustained clinically important effects.
Should Government Assistance be Reflected in Financial Reports?
Authors: Desir Rosemond , Pfeiffer Ray J. , Roberts Francesca 
Published: September 2019

SYNOPSIS
Government assistance provided to U.S. companies is a large and economically significant phenomenon. Although the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has a current project concerning government assistance, U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) do not yet provide guidance about financial reporting for assistance. We explore whether recipients of government assistance should reflect it in financial reports. Specifically, we synthesize arguments and evidence from several sources, including conceptual framework element definitions and recognition criteria, current practice, IFRS guidance and practice, written arguments from FASB constituents, and guidance from professional service firms. We conclude that U.S. GAAP should require both the recognition of assets, liabilities, and changes in equity stemming from assistance agreements with government entities and the disclosure of relevant details to help users understand the measurement, timing, and uncertainty of the benefits and costs of agreements. We discuss implementation challenges and suggest avenues to improve financial reporting for government assistance.
JEL Classifications: M41; M48; H81.
Data Availability: All data are from public sources identified in the manuscript.