bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Natural Killer Cells for Specific Tumor Inhibition and Renegade Macrophage Re‐Education
Authors: Zou Mei‐Zhen , Liu Wen‐Long , Gao Fan , Bai Xue‐Feng , Chen Han‐Shi , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells can not only recognize and eliminate abnormal cells but also recruit and re‐educate immune cells to protect the host. However, the functions of NK cells are often limited in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, artificial NK cells (designated as aNK) with minor limitations of TME for specific tumor killing and renegade macrophage re‐education are created. The red blood cell membrane (RBCM) cloaks perfluorohexane (PFC) and glucose oxidase (GOX) to construct the aNK. The aNK can directly kill tumor cells by exhausting glucose and generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The generated H2O2 is also similar to cytokines and chemokines for recruiting immune cells and re‐educating survived macrophages to attack tumor cells. In addition, the oxygen‐carried PFC can strengthen the catalytic reaction of GOX and normalize the hypoxic TME. In vitro and in vivo experiments display that aNK with slight TME limitations exhibit efficient tumor inhibition and immune activation. The aNK will provide a new sight to treat tumor as the supplement of aggressive NK cells.
Charge Carrier Collection and Contact Selectivity in Solar Cells
Authors: Rau Uwe , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electronic properties of the contacts to a photovoltaic absorber material are important for the final efficiency of any type of solar cell. For highly efficient solar cells based on high quality absorber materials like single‐crystalline silicon, polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2, CdTe, or metal‐halide perovskites, contact formation is even the decisive processing step determining the final efficiency. The present paper combines recently developed quantitative concepts for the description of contacts to solar cells in terms of their selectivity toward a more general description that is valid for all types of solar cells and all types of contacts. It is shown that the built‐in voltage is an important parameter to influence the selectivity of contacts to photovoltaic absorber materials. It is also shown that the contact selectivity is mathematically related to the collection efficiency which can be measured by luminescence based techniques.
Ultra‐Thin Manganese Dioxide‐Encrusted Vanadium Pentoxide Nanowire Mats for Electrochromic Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Sajitha Surendren , Aparna Unni , Deb Biswapriya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractV2O5 electrochromic (EC) coatings are attractive for various photonic applications owing to their multiple oxidation states discernable by distinct colors. The material also shows massive potential for electrochemical energy storage because of their layered structure and high theoretical capacitance. Here, the solution processing of the electrodes composed of an ultra‐thin layer of MnO2‐encrusted V2O5 (V2O5/MnO2) nanowire mats on fluorinated tin oxide substrates is reported that offer much enhanced electrochemical stability along with a superior energy storage performance compared to a bare V2O5 electrode. The areal capacitance of the V2O5 shows 25.7% enhancement (10.90 to 13.70 mF cm−2 at 5.0 mV cm−2) due to MnO2 encrustation. The fabricated EC devices show three distinct colors, i.e., orange (+3.0 V), green (−2.5 V), and blue (−3.0 V). Capacitance retention of bare V2O5 at 1000 cycles is 71% that increases to 93.6% after MnO2 coating due to the enhanced electrochemical stability.
Interfacial Effects on the Growth of Atomically Thin Film: Group VA Elements on Au(111)
Authors: Zhou Dechun , Si Nan , Jiang Bohong , Song Xiufeng , Huang Han , Ji Qingmin , Niu Tianchao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe understanding of growth mechanism at atomic scale is a key issue for realizing wafer‐scale, high‐quality 2D materials, in which their interfaces play a crucial role. Here, the adsorption and the aggregation of group VA elements within the first layer on Au(111) are investigated. Together with recent results for group VA elements on Cu and Ag(111), this study leads to a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial effects on the surface structures. Blue phosphorene forms the typical (4 × 4) honeycomb structure on Au(111) regardless of the coverage. Sb assembles into multiple intermediate phases comprising dimer pairs and coin‐shaped aggregates depending critically on the coverage. Increasing the coverage and annealing temperature converts these dimer pairs to AuSb2 surface alloy. The honeycomb structure and periodic stripes are the most stable of Bi on Au(111). Notably, neither P nor Bi prefers surface alloy under the similar growth conditions even though they have the smaller and larger atomic radius, higher and lower electronegativity than Sb, respectively. This difference is correlated with the relativistic effect that tightly bound inner 6s2 electrons make Bi inert. These model systems provide guidance framework for selection of elements and substrates to synthesize monoelemental and binary 2D materials.
Crack Control in Biotemplated Gold Films for Wide‐Range, Highly Sensitive Strain Sensing
Authors: Shi Jidong , Lv Suye , Wang Liu , Dai Zhaohe , Yang Siting , Zhao Lingyu , Tian Huihui , Du Mingde , Li Hongbian , Fang Ying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStrain sensors with high sensitivity and large sensing range have great potential in a wide range of applications. However, in the design of strain sensors, there is usually a trade‐off between sensitivity and sensing range. Herein, a crack‐based strain sensor with engineered microstructure is facilely prepared through a biotemplating method. Under large tensile strains, randomly distributed microcavities on the strain sensor surface can effectively trap and terminate propagating cracks to prevent catastrophic fracture failure. As a result, the strain sensor shows both wide sensing range (up to 80%) and high sensitivity (gauge factor = 20 at 20% strain, 350 at 80% strain). The strain sensor enables sensitive and reliable detection of both subtle human motions, including wrist pulse and throat vibration, and large motions, such as finger bending. Moreover, a multipixel strain sensor array has been fabricated and applied for both static and dynamic strain mapping. The good sensing performance, together with its easy‐fabrication process, make the biotemplated strain sensor a promising candidate for applications in e‐skins and wearable electronics.
Nanoimaging and Nanospectroscopy of Polaritons with Time Resolved s‐SNOM
Authors: Yao Ziheng , Xu Suheng , Hu Debo , Chen Xinzhong , Dai Qing , Liu Mengkun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe development of electronics and photonics is entering a new era of ultrahigh speed sensing, data processing, and telecommunication. The carrier frequencies of the next‐generation electronic devices inevitably extend beyond radio frequencies, marching toward the nominally photonics‐dominated territories, e.g., terahertz and beyond. As a result, electronic and photonic techniques naturally merge and seek common ground. At the forefront of this technical trend is the field of polaritonics, where polaritons are half‐light, half‐matter quasiparticles that carry the properties of both “bare” photons and “bare” dipole‐carrying excitations. The Janus‐faced nature of polaritons renders the unique capability of operando control using photoexcitation or applied electric field. Here, state‐of‐the‐art ultrafast polaritonic phenomena probed by scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscope (s‐SNOM) techniques is reviewed. The ultrafast dynamical control and loss‐reduction of the polariton propagation are discussed with special emphasis on the creation and probing of the tip or edge induced plasmon– and phonon–polaritons in low‐dimensional systems. The detailed technical aspects of s‐SNOM and its possible future development are also presented.
Halogen‐Hot‐Injection Synthesis of Mn‐Doped CsPb(Cl/Br)3 Nanocrystals with Blue/Orange Dual‐Color Luminescence and High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield
Authors: Chen Daqin , Zhou Su , Tian Feifan , Ke Haitao , Jiang Naizhong , Wang Shujin , Peng Yongzhao , Liu Yue 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently, Mn2+‐doped CsPb(Cl/Br)3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), showing the advantages of dual‐color emissions via exciton‐to‐dopant energy transfer and reduced usage of toxic Pb2+ heavy metal ions by nontoxic Mn2+ substitution, are widely explored. However, photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) for Mn2+‐doped CsPb(Cl/Br)3 NCs still need to be further improved. Here, a halogen‐hot‐injection strategy is developed to prepare Mn:CsPb(Cl0.6Br0.4)3 NCs with the maximal PLQY of 65%. With this method, intense blue narrowband emission from excitonic recombination and orange broadband emission from Mn2+ 4T1 → 6A1 transition can be simultaneously achieved. The competitive luminescence between perovskite NCs and Mn2+ dopants is systematically investigated by controlling the injected halogen types and ratios. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, the present Mn2+‐doped CsPb(Cl/Br)3 perovskite NCs with highly efficient dual‐color emissions are demonstrated to be applicable as color converter in UV‐excitable solid‐state lighting.
Peptide‐Modified Dendrimer Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Carvalho Mariana R. , Carvalho Cristiana R. , Maia F. Raquel , Caballero David , Kundu Subhas C. , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira Joaquim M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeptides have recently emerged as a promising class of targeting ligands for specific drug delivery in cancer treatment, which avoid undesirable side effects of the systemic administration of chemotherapeutics. Their conjugation with nanoparticles has been demonstrated to improve the functionality of peptides resulting in a versatile platform for biomedical applications. In this work, the development of carboxymethylchitosan/poly(amidoamine) (CMCht/PAMAM) dendrimer nanoparticles functionalized with YIGSR laminin receptor binding peptide for the active targeting and specific delivery of therapeutic agents into colorectal cancer cells is described. The successful functionalization is confirmed by several physico‐chemical characterization techniques. The selectivity of the YIGSR‐CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles is first validated in vitro using a micropatterned array of 67 kDa laminin receptor. Next, the specificity of YIGSR‐CMCht/PAMAM dendrimers nanoparticles toward laminin receptor is further confirmed both in 2D and 3D settings using HCT‐116 colorectal cancer cells and L929 fibroblasts in co‐culture. Finally, gemcitabine‐loaded YIGSR‐CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles induce a targeted mortality on HCT‐116 cancer cells in a co‐culture scenario. Overall, the study shows solid evidence that YIGSR laminin receptor binding peptide coupled to CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles may be employed as an anticancerous target for the specific and intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.
Insulating Property Improvement of Polyimide in Devices by Low‐Temperature Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Li Lei , Chang Kuan‐Chang , Lin Xinnan , Zhang Rui , Lou Jyun‐Hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLow‐temperature supercritical fluids technology is applied in this study to improve the insulating property of the polyimide film in electronic devices. Supercritical CO2 fluids take the residual small molecules out of high molecular polymers at low temperature in a short time, which can eliminate the defects in polyimide films and improve the insulating property. The metal–insulator–metal capacitor devices with polyimide as the dielectric layer are fabricated for investigation. The electrical measurements of devices indicate an eight times reduction of the leakage current after supercritical CO2 treatment and the electrical conduction mechanism is changed from Poole–Frankel to Schottky mechanism. Additionally, the material analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the polyimide film is conducted to confirm that the residual molecules are removed after supercritical CO2 fluids treatment. This study shows a promising methodology for supercritical fluids to treat polyimide films in electronic devices, which expands more potential applications of polyimide films in the semiconductor field.
First report based on the online registry of a Japanese multicenter rapid response system: a descriptive study of 35 institutions in Japan
Authors: Naito Takaki , Fujiwara Shinsuke , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Sento Yoshiki , Nakada Taka‐aki , Arai Masayasu , Atagi Kazuaki , Fujitani Shigeki ,   In‐Hospital Emergency Study Group
Published: September 2019

AimAlthough the concept of a rapid response system (RRS) has been gradually accepted in Japan, detailed information on the Japanese RRS is not well known. We provide the first report of the RRS epidemiological situation based on 4 years of RRS online registry data.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study. All patients registered between January 2014 and March 2018 were eligible for this study. Data related to RRS including physiological measurements were recorded. The mortality rates after rapid response team/medical emergency team (RRT/MET) intervention and after 30 days were recorded as outcomes.ResultsIn total, 6,784 cases were registered at 35 facilities. Cancer (23.1%) was the most common existing comorbidity. Limitation of medical treatment was identified in 12.7% of the cases. The respiratory category was most frequently activated in 41.3% of the cases. Only two institutions had received more than 15 calls per 1,000 admissions. During RRT/MET intervention, death occurred in 3.6% and transfers to intensive care units occurred in 28.2% of the cases. After 30 days, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the night than in the day shift (30.7% versus 20.4%, respectively, P < 0.01).ConclusionsWe report the first epidemiological study of RRS in Japan. Japanese facilities had a very low rate of RRT/MET calls and a higher mortality rate in the night than in the day shift. Further promotion to increase the number of calls and implementation of a 24‐h RRT/MET is required.
Hand posture as localizing sign in adult focal epileptic seizures
Authors: Ferando Isabella , Soss Jason R. , Elder Christopher , Shah Vishal , Lo Russo Giorgio , Tassi Laura , Tassinari Carlo Alberto , Engel Jerome 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify specific ictal hand postures (HPs) as localizing signs of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with frontal or temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively analyzed ictal semiology of 489 temporal lobe or frontal lobe seizures recorded over a 6‐year period at the Seizure Disorder Center at University of California, Los Angeles in the USA (45 patients) or at the C. Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center at Niguarda Hospital in Milan, Italy (34 patients). Our criterion for EZ localization was at least 2 years of seizure freedom after surgery. We analyzed presence and latency of ictal HP. We then examined whether specific initial HPs are predictive for EZ localization.ResultsWe found that ictal HPs were present in 72.5% of patients with frontal and 54.5% of patients with temporal lobe seizures. We divided HPs into 6 classes depending on the reciprocal position of the fingers (“fist,” “cup,” “politician's fist,” “pincer,” “extended hand,” “pointing”). We found a striking correlation between EZ localization and ictal HP. In particular, fist and pointing HPs are strongly predictive of frontal lobe EZ; cup, politician's fist, and pincer are strongly predictive of temporal lobe EZ.InterpretationOur study offers simple ictal signs that appear to clarify differential diagnosis of temporal versus frontal lobe EZ localization. These results are meant to be used as a novel complementary tool during presurgical evaluation for epilepsy. At the same time, they give us important insight into the neurophysiology of hand movements. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:793–800
Cranial Anatomy of New Specimens of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta
Authors: Currie Philip J. , Evans David C. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe holotype of the dromaeosaurid Saurornitholestes langstoni was described in 1978 on the basis of fewer than 30 associated cranial and postcranial bones of a single individual from Dinosaur Provincial Park. Four additional partial skeletons of Saurornitholestes were recovered from Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) beds of Alberta and Montana over the next 25 years, although reasonably complete skeletons remained elusive, and virtually nothing was known about the skull. The lack of truly diagnostic material has been problematic, and the relationships of Saurornitholestes to other dromaeosaurids have been difficult to resolve because of the incomplete knowledge of its anatomy. In 2014, an almost complete skeleton, including the skull, was collected less than a kilometer from where the holotype had been found. Although similar in body size to Velociraptor, the facial region of the skull is relatively shorter, taller, and wider. The nasals are pneumatic. The premaxillary teeth are distinctive, and teeth previously identified in the Dinosaur Park Formation as Zapsalis abradens can now be identified as the second premaxillary tooth of S. langstoni. Morphology and wear patterns suggest that these may have been specialized for preening feathers. Many traits define a Campanian North American clade, Saurornitholestinae, that is distinct from an Asian clade that includes Velociraptor (Velociraptorinae). This new information on the skull allows a more complete evaluation of its systematic position within the Dromaeosauridae and supports the suggestion of at least two major faunal interchanges between Asia and North America during the Cretaceous. Anat Rec, 303:691–715, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Vitamin A and its metabolic pathway play a determinant role in high‐fructose‐induced triglyceride accumulation of the visceral adipose depot of male Wistar rats
Authors: Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli , Mahesh Malleswarapu , Manne Munikumar , Putcha Uday Kumar , Jeyakumar Shanmugam M. 
Published: September 2019

Here, we tested a hypothesis that vitamin A and/or its metabolic pathways are involved in the high‐fructose‐mediated alteration in adipose tissue biology. For this purpose, weanling male Wistar rats were provided with one of the following diets: control (C), control with vitamin A deficiency (C‐VAD), high fructose (HFr), and HFr with VAD (HFr‐VAD) for 16 weeks, except that half of the C‐VAD diet‐fed rats were shifted to HFr diet (C‐VAD(s)HFr), after 8‐week period. Compared with control, feeding of HFr diet significantly increased the triglyceride content (P≤ .01) and thus adipocyte size (hypertrophy) (P≤ .001) in visceral adipose depot; retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RPWAT) and these changes were corroborated with de novo lipogenesis, as evidenced by the increased glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity (P≤ .01) and up‐regulation of lipogenic pathway transcripts, fructose transporter, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1. On the contrary, the absence of vitamin A in the HFr diet (HFr‐VAD) failed to exert these changes; however, it induced adipocyte hyperplasia. Further, vitamin A deficiency‐mediated changes were reversed by replenishment, as evident from the group that was shifted from C‐VAD to HFr diet. In conclusion, vitamin A and its metabolic pathway play a key determinant role in the high‐fructose‐induced triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy of visceral white adipose depot.Significance of the studyHere, we report the metabolic impact of high‐fructose feeding under vitamin A–sufficient and vitamin A–deficient conditions. Feeding of high‐fructose diet induced triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy of the visceral white adipose depots. These changes corroborated with augmented expression of vitamin A and lipid metabolic pathway genes. Contrarily, absence of vitamin A in the high‐fructose diet did not elicit such responses, while vitamin A replenishment reversed the changes exerted by vitamin A deficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the role of vitamin A and its metabolic pathway in the high‐fructose‐induced triglyceride synthesis and its accumulation in visceral adipose depot and thus provide a new insight and scope to understand these nutrients interaction in clinical conditions.
Surface Silylation of Hybrid Benzidinium Lead Perovskite and its Influence on the Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Peng Yong , Albero Josep , García Hermenegildo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSurface coating of benzidinium lead iodide perovskite has been successfully accomplished by silanization with three different silylating agents, obtaining samples with average thickness from 2 to 6 nm as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The obtained (organo)silica‐coated hybrid perovskites exhibit enhanced hydrophobic character and, therefore, increased stability against moisture. However, its photocatalytic activity towards the cis‐to‐trans isomerization of stilbene diminishes as a function of the coating thickness, although a notable activity for this photocatalytic reaction is still observed.
Dimensionless Empirical Model to Correlate Pharmaceutical Compound Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Reddy Tippana Ashok , Garlapati Chandrasekhar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe accurate experimental determination of pharmaceutical compound solubilities at various temperature and pressure ranges in supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) is a challenging and time‐consuming task. Therefore, prediction or correlations of solute solubilities are essential for implementation of ScCO2 technologies to pharmaceutical industries. Solubilities of 41 pharmaceutical compounds in ScCO2 are correlated by an empirical model, which is developed based on the degree of freedom analysis. Its correlating ability is compared with existing solubility models elaborated by other authors and evaluated in terms of global mean absolute relative deviation, sum of squares due to error, root mean square deviation, R2, and Adj. R2. The proposed model is found to correlate better than existing models.
Efficient Organic Solar Cells with a High Open‐Circuit Voltage of 1.34 V
Authors: Gao Bowei , Yao Huifeng , Hong Ling , Hou Jianhui 
Published: September 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionOne of the most important challenges that hinders the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) is the modest open‐circuit voltages (VOC) due to large energy losses. The large driving force during for charge generation and the non‐radiative recombination are the main causes of energy losses. To maximize the VOC of OSCs, herein, we modulate the end‐groups and design a non‐fullerene acceptor ITCCM‐O, which shows a bandgap of 2.0 eV. By blending a polymer donor named J52, the device demonstrates a PCE of 5.5% with an outstanding VOC of 1.34 V, which is the highest value for single‐junction OSCs over 5% PCEs. The high VOC is benefited from 1) the negligible driving force for charge transfer, and 2) the suppressed non‐radiative recombination loss, as low as 0.22 V.