bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The textual analysis of dramatic discourse revisited
Authors: James Allan , Gömceli Nursen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explores dimensions of dramatic structure which the literary linguistic analysis of a play text can illuminate within an integrated model of dramatic significance. The play to be examined is John Millington Synge’sThe Playboy of the Western World, known for its lexical richness, denseness of dramatic expression and not least the structural creativity of its Hiberno-English, all of which provide an abundant fund of textual semiotics for the present drama-specific literary linguistic analysis. The dimensions of the play investigated are (i) those of its ‘constitution’, which linguistically comprises dialogue and stage directions, and characterisation, plot and setting as traditional constituents of dramatic structure in their own right; and (ii) those of its ‘realisation’ as literary work, staging production and theatre performance and the associated addressivity of materially the same play text at each of these levels. As such, it will be shown that the employment of, and further development of, a linguistic model of social semiotics (afterHalliday 1978;Fairclough 2003) enables a unified account to be given of the dramatic meanings a play text expresses at these two levels of its internal construction and its external actualisation.
Projecting (un)certainty
Authors: Ho Yufang , Lugea Jane , McIntyre Dan , Wang Jing , Xu Zhijie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article uses Text World Theory (Werth 1999;Gavins 2007) in conjunction with VUE (Visual Understanding Environment) concept mapping software to analyze three statements from the trial of Amanda Knox, who was charged (along with her boyfriend, Raffaele Sollecito) with the murder of Meredith Kercher in 2007. We compare the cognitive patterns (i.e. text-worlds) as reflected in Knox’s statements and use the insights gained to guide an examination of their individual linguistic features and associated potential legal implications. In the first two dictated statements, Knox is projected as anactorresponsible for the reported actions/events that implicate her in the crime, whereas in the third statement (handwritten in English), she is projected as asenser, presenting more prominent epistemic uncertainty and indicating bewilderment. Further micro-level linguistic comparison indicates signs of textual alteration in the first two statements, i.e. crucial text was altered and thus resulted in a change of meaning and legal significance.
A stepwise method for annotating appraisal
Authors: Fuoli Matteo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite a growing awareness of methodological issues, the literature onappraisalhas not so far provided adequate answers to some of the key challenges involved in reliably identifying and classifying evaluative language expressions. This article presents a stepwise method for the manual annotation ofappraisalin text that is designed to optimize reliability, replicability and transparency. The procedure consists of seven steps, from the creation of a context-specific annotation manual to the statistical analysis of the quantitative data derived from the manually-performed annotations. By presenting this method, the article pursues the twofold purpose of (i) providing a practical tool that can facilitate more reliable, replicable and transparent analyses, and (ii) fostering a discussion of the best practices that should be observed when manually annotatingappraisal.
Teasing apart listener-sensitivity
Authors: Vajrabhaya Prakaiwan , Pederson Eric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing a repetition paradigm, in which speakers describe the same event to a sequence of listeners, we analyze the degree of reduction in representational gestures. We find that when listener feedback, both verbal and non-verbal, is minimal and unvarying, speakers steadily reduce their motoric commitment in repeated gestures across tellings without regard to the novelty of the information to the listener. Within this specific condition, we interpret the result to coincide with the view that gestures primarily serve as a part of speech production rather than a communicative act. Importantly, we propose that gestural sensitivity to the listener derives from an interaction between interlocutors, rather than simple modeling of the listener’s state of knowledge in the mind of the speaker alone.
Seeing first person changes gesture but saying first person does not
Authors: Parrill Fey , Stec Kashmiri 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Events with a motor action component (e.g., handling an object) tend to evoke gestures from the point of view of a character (character viewpoint, or CVPT) while events with a path component (moving through space) tend to evoke gestures from the point of view of an observer (observer viewpoint, or OVPT). Events that combine both components (e.g., rowing a boat across a lake) seem to evoke both types of gesture, but it is unclear why narrators use one or the other. We carry out two manipulations to explore whether gestural viewpoint can be manipulated. Participants read a series of stories and retold them in two conditions. In the image condition, story sentences were presented with images from either the actor’s perspective (actor version) or the observer’s perspective (observer version). In the linguistic condition, the same sentences were presented in either the second person (you…) or the third person point of view (h/she…). The second person led participants to use the first person (I) in retelling. Gestures produced during retelling were coded as CVPT or OVPT. Participants produced significantly more CVPT gestures after seeing images from the point of view of an actor, but the linguistic manipulation did not affect viewpoint in gesture. Neither manipulation affected overall gesture rate, or co-occurring speech. We relate these findings to frameworks in which motor action and mental imagery are linked to viewpoint in gesture.
Spatial conceptualization of sequence time in language and gesture
Authors: Chui Kawai 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The study investigates the consistency and divergence between language and gesture in the expression of spatial orientations in the metaphorical conceptualization of sequence time, and the influence of the diversity in the reading and writing practices used in Taiwan on the spatialization of earlier and later events across modalities. The study was based on Chinese conversational data in face-to-face communication. The spontaneous gestures occurring along with speech reveal real-time metaphorical conceptualization in the context of use. It was found that the spatial orientations that are consistent between the two modalities bear out the online activation of the universal front-back and the culture-specific up-down concepts in the source domains. When speech and gesture are not redundant, the divergence reflects the more complex temporal spatialization involving two timelines or different orientations on the same timeline. The most preferred cross-modal combination of two timelines is the co-occurrence of lateral gestures and the front-back spatial words. Finally, the two different directions in which Chinese characters can be read and written were found to affect people’s conceptualization of the earlier or later event as being rightward or leftward.
Lingua Franca between pidginization and koineization
Authors: Operstein Natalie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPublished literature on Lingua Franca contains divergent views regarding its place in the taxonomy of contact language types. While this language is traditionally regarded as a pidgin, some scholars consider it more accurate to view it as a koine. This paper shows that Lingua Franca exhibits features that are consistent with both pidginization and koineization, and proposes to view it as located on the pidgin/koine continuum.
Why some children accept under-informative utterances
Authors: Veenstra Alma , Hollebrandse Bart , Katsos Napoleon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Binary judgement on under-informative utterances (e.g. Some horses jumped over the fence, when all horses did) is the most widely used methodology to test children’s ability to generate implicatures. Accepting under-informative utterances is considered a failure to generate implicatures. We present off-line and reaction time evidence for the Pragmatic Tolerance Hypothesis, according to which some children who accept under-informative utterances are in fact competent with implicature but do not consider pragmatic violations grave enough to reject the critical utterance. Seventy-five Dutch-speaking four to nine-year-olds completed a binary (Experiment A) and a ternary judgement task (Experiment B). Half of the children who accepted an utterance in Experiment A penalised it in Experiment B. Reaction times revealed that these children experienced a slow-down in the critical utterances in Experiment A, suggesting that they detected the pragmatic violation even though they did not reject it. We propose that binary judgement tasks systematically underestimate children’s competence with pragmatics.
When languagebites
Authors: Tabacaru Sabina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article focuses onsarcasm, for which the definitions have often been loose and confusing, integrating it into the concept ofirony. My approach is based on a large corpus of examples taken from two contemporary television-series, which help identify the wide range of linguistic processes at the core of sarcastic utterances. I present a quantitative and descriptive analysis of the main processes found in two American television-series:House M.D.andThe Big Bang Theory. The results show the intricate meanings created in sarcasm through various linguistic mechanisms, such as repetition, explicitation, metonymy, metaphor, shift of focus, reasoning, and rhetorical questions. This more holistic analysis, including a broad corpus of instances and a more detailed analysis of the examples, aims to fill the unexplored gaps in more classical analyses, emphasizing the complexities and implications that can be drawn in interaction.
Variation in phrasal rhythm in sign languages
Authors: Brentari Diane , Hill Joseph , Amador Brianne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper. we offer a preliminary investigation of some aspects of individual and group variation in sign rate and rhythm, considering the sociolinguistic factors of Age (younger and older adults), Gender, and Sign Variety (Black and Mainstream American Sign Language). Differences in sign rate and rhythmic structure among signers were found in signers’ elicited narratives. A novel approach to phrasal rhythm is introduced, called “rhythm ratio”, which considers sign duration and transition duration together and is similar in spirit to the “normalized pairwise variability index” (nPVI) in spoken languages. This measure appears to be promising as a method for identifying rhythm class in sign languages; however, due to the small number of signers in each group these results can only be suggestive.
A negation-tense interaction in Georgian Sign Language
Authors: Makharoblidze Tamar , Pfau Roland 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe describe an intriguing interaction of negation and tense in Georgian Sign Language (GESL), a sign language which to date has received close to no attention by linguists. GESL verbs that employ an irregular negation strategy in the present tense (modal verbs and the verbknow) require double marking in the past tense, i.e. the irregular negative form combines with the negative particlenot, which is not used in the present and future tense with these verbs. The GESL data thus provide us with direct evidence for an active contribution of the feature tense in the grammar of GESL – in contrast to most other sign languages previously studied. We also offer a cross-linguistic perspective on the data by discussing instances of Negative Concord reported for various sign languages as well as tense-negation interactions attested in spoken languages.
The importance of nomenclature in the Culicidae - mini review.
Authors: Harbach R. E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Culicidae comprise an important group of two-winged flies (Diptera) known as mosquitoes. The first piece of information we acquire about a mosquito is its scientific name. Reasons why it is important and useful to have that piece of information are discussed. Names are interesting and informative. They are derived from sources which reveal something about the nature and provenance of the species. Ultimately, names bring images to mind that make things real and comprehensible.
Comparative metabolomics of Japanese Black cattle beef and other meats using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Ueda Shuji , Iwamoto Eiji , Kato Yoshiki , Shinohara Masakazu , Shirai Yasuhito , Yamanoue Minoru 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Progress in metabolomic analysis now allows the evaluation of food quality. This study aims to identify the metabolites in meat from livestock using a metabolomic approach. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), many metabolites were reproducibly detected in meats, and distinct differences between livestock species (cattle, pigs, and chickens) were indicated. A comparison of metabolites between tissues types (muscle, intramuscular fat, and intermuscular fat) in marbled beef of Japanese Black cattle revealed that most metabolites are abundant in the muscle tissue. Several metabolites (medium-chain fatty acids, etc.) involved in triacylglycerol synthesis were uniquely detected in fat tissue. Additionally, the results of multivariate analysis suggest that GC/MS analysis of metabolites can distinguish between cattle breeds. These results provide useful information for the analysis of meat quality using GC/MS-based metabolomic analysis.
ABBREVIATIONS: GC/MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; MS: mass spectrometry; IS: 2-isopropylmalic acid; MSTFA: N-Methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide; CV: coefficient of variation; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; MHC: myosin fast type; PCA: principal component analysis; OPLS-DA: orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis; O2PLS: two-way orthogonal partial least-squares
SeeVis—3D space-time cube rendering for visualization of microfluidics image data
Authors: Hattab Georges , Nattkemper Tim W 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Live cell imaging plays a pivotal role in understanding cell growth. Yet, there is a lack of visualization alternatives for quick qualitative characterization of colonies.

Results
SeeVis is a Python workflow for automated and qualitative visualization of time-lapse microscopy data. It automatically pre-processes the movie frames, finds particles, traces their trajectories and visualizes them in a space-time cube offering three different color mappings to highlight different features. It supports the user in developing a mental model for the data. SeeVis completes these steps in 1.15 s/frame and creates a visualization with a selected color mapping.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/ghattab/seevis/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ofsted and Children’s Services: What Performance Indicators and Other Factors Are Associated with Better Inspection Results?
Authors: Wilkins David , Antonopoulou Vivi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
‘Failing’ an inspection of The Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) has severe consequences on a local authority. Senior managers may lose their jobs and the workforce as a whole can be destabilised. In extreme cases, central government can decide whether the authority is no longer capable of running children’s services. On the other hand, receiving positive Ofsted judgements often brings with it a national reputation for excellence. This study reports the findings of an analysis of key performance indicators, expenditure and deprivation in relation to Ofsted inspections for eighty-seven local authorities in England undertaken between 2014 and 2016. Our aim was to examine the association between these factors and Ofsted judgements. Our findings suggest that for most of the factors we considered, there is no clear pattern of better or worse performance between local authorities with different Ofsted ratings. However, ‘good and outstanding’ authorities tend to outperform other authorities in relation to some procedural variables. By itself, the level of local authority deprivation was most clearly associated with the Ofsted rating, and expenditure was associated with the authority’s level of deprivation but not their Ofsted judgement. Comparisons are made with the concept of ‘value-added’ performance in relation to schools.
A Hybrid Decentralized Coordinated Approach for Multi-Robot Exploration Task
Authors: Mohamed Khalil , El Shenawy Ayman , Harb Hany 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Exploring the environment using multi-robot systems is a fundamental process that most automated applications depend on. This paper presents a hybrid decentralized task assignment approach based on Partially Observable Semi-Markov Decision Processes called HDec-POSMDPs, which are general models for multi-robot coordination and exploration problems in which robots can make their own decisions according to its local data with limited communication between the robot team. In this paper, a variety of multi-robot exploration algorithms and their comparison have been tackled. These algorithms, which have been taken into consideration, are dependent on different parameters. Collectively, there are five metrics maximize the total exploration percentage, minimize overall mission time, reduce the number of hops in the networked robots, reduce the energy consumed by each robot and minimize the number of turns in the path from the start pose cells to the target cells. Therefore, a team of identical mobile robots is used to perform coordination and exploration process in an unknown cell-based environment. The performance of the task depends on the strategy of coordination among the robots involved in the team. Therefore, the proposed approach is implemented, tested and evaluated in MRESim computer simulator, and its performance is compared with different coordinated exploration strategies for different environments and different team sizes. The experimental results demonstrate a good performance of the proposed approach compared to the four existing approaches.
Change in the North Sea ecosystem from the 1970s to the 2010s: great skua diets reflect changing forage fish, seabirds, and fisheries
Authors: Church Gabriella E , Furness Robert W , Tyler Glen , Gilbert Lucy , Votier Stephen C 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding anthropogenic impacts are crucial to maintain marine ecosystem health. The North Sea has changed in recent decades, largely due to commercial fishing and climate change. Seabirds can act as useful indicators of these changes. By analyzing n = 20 013 pellets and n = 24 993 otoliths regurgitated by great skuas Stercorarius skua in northern Scotland over five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s (in 36 years 1973–2017), we reveal how the diet of this top predator has changed alongside the changing North Sea ecosystem. Sandeels Ammodytes spp. were the most common dietary item during the 1970s, but became virtually absent from the 1980s onward. Discarded whitefish dominated skua diets from the 1980s to the present day, despite long-term declines in North Sea discard production. However, the discarded fish eaten by great skuas has become smaller and the species composition changed. Skua pellets only rarely contained avian prey in the 1970s but this increased during the 1980s, and fluctuated between 10% and 20% from the 1990s to 2010s. There have also been changes in the avian prey in the diet—black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla generally being replaced by auks Alcid spp. and northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis. The Shetland marine ecosystem has experienced steep declines in sandeel stocks and in seabirds that feed on them. Great skuas have been able to prey switch to respond to this change, supported by abundant discards, enabling them to maintain a favourable population status while other seabird species have declined.
Inpatient portal clusters: identifying user groups based on portal features
Authors: Fareed Naleef , Walker Daniel , Sieck Cynthia J , Taylor Robert , Scarborough Seth , Huerta Timothy R , McAlearney Ann Scheck 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
Conduct a cluster analysis of inpatient portal (IPP) users from an academic medical center to improve understanding of who uses these portals and how.

Methods
We used 18 months of data from audit log files, which recorded IPP user actions, of 2815 patient admissions. A hierarchical clustering algorithm was executed to group patient admissions on the basis of proportion of use for each of 10 IPP features. Post-hoc analyses were conducted to further understand IPP use.

Results
Five cluster solutions were developed for the study sample. Our taxonomy included users with high levels of accessing features that were linked to reviewing schedules, results, tutorials, and ordering food. Patients tended to stay within their clusters over multiple admissions, and the clusters had differences based on patient and clinical characteristics.

Discussion
Distinct groups of users exist among IPP users, suggesting that training on IPP use to enhance patient engagement could be tailored to patients. More exploration is also needed to understand why certain features were not used across all clusters.

Conclusions
It is important to understand the specifics about how patients use IPPs to help them better engage with their healthcare. Our taxonomy enabled characterization of 5 groups of IPP users who demonstrated distinct preferences. These results may inform targeted improvements to IPP tools, could provide insights to improve patient training around portal use, and may help care team members effectively engage patients in the use of IPPs. We also discuss the implications of our findings for future research.