bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anle138b modulates α‐synuclein oligomerization and prevents motor decline and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Heras‐Garvin Antonio , Weckbecker Daniel , Ryazanov Sergey , Leonov Andrei , Griesinger Christian , Giese Armin , Wenning Gregor K. , Stefanova Nadia 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundMSA is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic failure and severe motor impairment. Its main pathological hallmark is the accumulation of α‐synuclein in oligodendrocytes, leading to glial and neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. These features are recapitulated in the PLP‐hαSyn mouse model expressing human α‐synuclein in oligodendrocytes. At present, there is no effective disease‐modifying therapy. Previous experiments have shown that the aggregation inhibitor, anle138b, reduces neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in mouse models of other proteinopathies.ObjectivesTo test the therapeutic potential of anle138b in a mouse model of MSA.MethodsTwo‐month‐old PLP‐hαSyn mice were fed over a period of 4 months with pellets containing anle138b at two different doses (0.6 and 2 g/kg) and compared to healthy controls and PLP‐hαSyn mice fed with placebo pellets. At the end of the treatment, behavioral and histological analyses were performed.ResultsWe observed a reversal of motor function to healthy control levels when PLP‐hαSyn mice were treated with both doses of anle138b. Histological and molecular analyses showed a significant reduction in α‐synuclein oligomers and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in animals fed with anle138b compared to nontreated mice. These animals also present preservation of dopaminergic neurons and reduction in microglial activation in SN correlating with the α‐synuclein reduction observed.ConclusionsAnle138b reduces α‐synuclein accumulation in PLP‐hαSyn mice, leading to neuroprotection, reduction of microglial activation, and preservation of motor function supporting the use of anle138b in a future clinical trial for MSA. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Hunting for the high‐affinity state of G‐protein‐coupled receptors with agonist tracers: Theoretical and practical considerations for positron emission tomography imaging
Authors: Shalgunov Vladimir , van Waarde Aren , Booij Jan , Michel Martin C. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Elsinga Philip H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe concept of the high‐affinity state postulates that a certain subset of G‐protein‐coupled receptors is primarily responsible for receptor signaling in the living brain. Assessing the abundance of this subset is thus potentially highly relevant for studies concerning the responses of neurotransmission to pharmacological or physiological stimuli and the dysregulation of neurotransmission in neurological or psychiatric disorders. The high‐affinity state is preferentially recognized by agonists in vitro. For this reason, agonist tracers have been developed as tools for the noninvasive imaging of the high‐affinity state with positron emission tomography (PET). This review provides an overview of agonist tracers that have been developed for PET imaging of the brain, and the experimental paradigms that have been developed for the estimation of the relative abundance of receptors configured in the high‐affinity state. Agonist tracers appear to be more sensitive to endogenous neurotransmitter challenge than antagonists, as was originally expected. However, other expectations regarding agonist tracers have not been fulfilled. Potential reasons for difficulties in detecting the high‐affinity state in vivo are discussed.
Mental disorder comorbidity and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student initiative
Authors: Auerbach Randy P. , Mortier Philippe , Bruffaerts Ronny , Alonso Jordi , Benjet Corina , Cuijpers Pim , Demyttenaere Koen , Ebert David D. , Green Jennifer Greif , Hasking Penelope , Lee Sue , Lochner Christine , McLafferty Margaret , Nock Matthew K. , Petukhova Maria V. , Pinder‐Amaker Stephanie , Rosellini Anthony J. , Sampson Nancy A. , Vilagut Gemma , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Kessler Ronald C. ,   on behalf of the WHO WMH‐ICS Collaborators
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesComorbidity is a common feature of mental disorders. However, needs assessment surveys focus largely on individual disorders rather than on comorbidity even though the latter is more important for predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In the current report, we take a step beyond this conventional approach by presenting data on the prevalence and correlates (sociodemographic factors, college‐related factors, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors) of the main multivariate profiles of common comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)‐IV disorders among students participating in the first phase of the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student initiative.MethodA web‐based mental health survey was administered to first year students in 19 colleges across eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, United States; 45.5% pooled response rate) to screen for seven common DSM‐IV mental disorders: major depression, mania/hypomania, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, alcohol use disorder, and drug use disorder. We focus on the 14,348 respondents who provided complete data; 38.4% screened positive for at least one 12‐month disorder.ResultsMultivariate disorder profiles were detected using latent class analysis (LCA). The least common class (C1; 1.9% of students) was made up of students with high comorbidity (four or more disorders, the majority including mania/hypomania). The remaining 12‐month cases had profiles of internalizing–externalizing comorbidity (C2; 5.8%), internalizing comorbidity (C3; 14.6%), and pure disorders (C4; 16.1%). The 1.9% of students in C1 had much higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than other students. Specifically, 15.4% of students in C1 made a suicide attempt in the 12 months before the survey compared with 1.3–2.6% of students with disorders in C2–4, 0.2% of students with lifetime disorders but no 12‐month disorders (C5), and 0.1% of students with no lifetime disorders (C6).ConclusionsIn line with prior research, comorbid mental disorders were common; however, sociodemographic correlates of LCA profiles were modest. The high level of comorbidity underscores the need to develop and test transdiagnostic approaches for treatment in college students.
Noninvasive quantification of oxygen saturation in the portal and hepatic veins in healthy mice and those with colorectal liver metastases using QSM MRI
Authors: Finnerty Eoin , Ramasawmy Rajiv , O’Callaghan James , Connell John J. , Lythgoe Mark , Shmueli Karin , Thomas David L. , Walker‐Samuel Simon 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis preclinical study investigated the use of QSM MRI to noninvasively measure venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) in the hepatic and portal veins.MethodsQSM data were acquired from a cohort of healthy mice (n = 10) on a 9.4 Tesla MRI scanner under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Susceptibility was measured in the portal and hepatic veins and used to calculate SvO2 in each vessel under each condition. Blood was extracted from the inferior vena cava of 3 of the mice under each condition, and SvO2 was measured with a blood gas analyzer for comparison. QSM data were also acquired from a cohort of mice bearing liver tumors under normoxic conditions. Susceptibility was measured, and SvO2 calculated in the portal and hepatic veins and compared to the healthy mice. Statistical significance was assessed using a Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test (normoxic vs. hyperoxic) or a Mann‐Whitney test (healthy vs. tumor bearing).ResultsSvO2 calculated from QSM measurements in healthy mice under hyperoxia showed significant increases of 15% in the portal vein (P < 0.05) and 21% in the hepatic vein (P < 0.01) versus normoxia. These values agreed with inferior vena cava measurements from the blood gas analyzer (26% increase). SvO2 in the hepatic vein was significantly lower in the colorectal liver metastases cohort (30% ± 11%) than the healthy mice (53% ± 17%) (P < 0.05); differences in the portal vein were not significant.ConclusionQSM is a feasible tool for noninvasively measuring SvO2 in the liver and can detect differences due to increased oxygen consumption in livers bearing colorectal metastases.
Demographics and anthropometrics impact benefits of health intervention: data from the Reduce Obesity and Diabetes Project
Authors: Ostrowski L. , Speiser P. W. , Accacha S. , Altshuler L. , Fennoy I. , Lowell B. , Rapaport R. , Rosenfeld W. , Shelov S. P. , Ten S. , Rosenbaum M. ,   the ROAD Group
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of a 4‐month school‐based health, nutrition and exercise intervention on body fatness and examine possible effects of demographic and anthropometric covariates.MethodsHeight, weight, waist circumference and body composition were measured in a diverse population of 644 NYC middle school students (mean ± SD age 12.7 ± 0.9 years; 46% male; 38% Hispanic, 17% East Asian, 15% South Asian, 13.5% African American, 8.5% Caucasian, 8% other) during the fall and spring semesters. Year 1 participants (n = 322) were controls. Experimental participants (year 2, n = 469) received a 12‐session classroom‐based health and nutrition educational programme with an optional exercise intervention.ResultsGroups were demographically and anthropometrically similar. The intervention resulted in significant reductions in indices of adiposity (ΔBMI z‐scores [−0.035 ± 0.014; p = 0.01], Δ% body fat [−0.5 ± 0.2; p < 0.0001] and Δwaist circumference [−0.73 ± 0.30 cm; p < 0.0001]). Intervention effects were greater (p = 0.01) in men (ΔBMI z‐score = −0.052 ± 0.015) versus women (0.022 ± 0.018), participants who were obese (ΔBMI z‐score −0.083 ± 0.022 kg m−2) versus lean (−0.0097 ± 0.020 kg m−2) and South Asians (Δ% body fat −1.03 ± 0.35) versus total (−0.49 ± 0.20%) participants (p = 0.005).ConclusionA 4‐month school‐based health intervention was effective in decreasing measures of adiposity in middle school students, particularly in men, participants who were obese and South Asians.
Immigration Enforcement and Children's Living Arrangements
Authors: Amuedo‐Dorantes Catalina , Arenas‐Arroyo Esther 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTougher immigration enforcement was responsible for 1.8 million deportations between 2009 and 2013 alone—many of them were fathers of American children. We exploit the geographic and temporal variation in the escalation of interior immigration enforcement to assess its impact on the structure of families to which many of the deported fathers of U.S.‐born children belonged. We find that the average increase in immigration enforcement during the 2005 to 2015 period has raised by 19 percent the likelihood that Hispanic U.S.‐born children might live without their parents in households headed by naturalized relatives or friends unthreatened by deportation. Likewise, the same increase in immigration enforcement has raised by 20 percent these children's propensity to live with likely undocumented mothers who report their spouses as being absent—a reasonable finding given that most children with a likely undocumented father have undocumented mothers. Given the negative consequences of being raised by a single parent or without parents, plus the parallel increase in interior immigration enforcement, gaining a better understanding of the collateral damage of heightened enforcement on the families to which these children belong is well warranted.
Shallow ground temperature measurements on the highest volcano on Earth, Mt. Ojos del Salado, Arid Andes, Chile
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Ignéczi Ádám , Kovács József , Szalai Zoltán , Mari László 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMt. Ojos del Salado (6893 m a.s.l.) lies within the Andean Arid Diagonal, on the Chilean–Argentinean border. Due to the extremely arid climate, surface ice is not widespread on Mt. Ojos del Salado and at similar high‐altitude massifs in the region, although ice‐bearing permafrost might be present. However, the thermal regime of the ground is relatively unknown in the region, especially outside of rock glaciers at high elevations north of 30°S. To study ground thermal regimes, in‐situ shallow ground temperature and snow coverage from satellite imagery have been surveyed for four years (2012–2016) at six sites between the elevations of 4200–6893 m a.s.l. on Mt. Ojos del Salado (27°07′S, 68°32′W). According to the ground temperature and snow coverage data at the six monitoring sites, the presence of permafrost is unlikely below 4550 m a.s.l. but likely above 5250 m a.s.l. on Mt. Ojos del Salado. In addition, the active layer becomes extremely thin around 6750 m a.s.l.
Death due to sepsis in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer
Authors: Alanee Shaheen , Holland Bradley , Clemons Joseph , Dynda Danuta 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundTo examine the prevalence and determinants of death due to sepsis in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (Pca).Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 910 986 patients diagnosed with Pca between 1992 and 2010 identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Prevalence of death due to sepsis after diagnosis was determined. Trends in incidence‐based mortality rate (IBMR) due to sepsis were compared with those of patients diagnosed with other common cancers. Competing risk analysis was utilized to examine the determinants of the endpoint of sepsis‐specific death (SSD) in Pca patients.ResultsOf the Pca patients examined, 2593 died because of sepsis. Sepsis‐related IBMR in Pca patients increased by 19‐folds from 0.62/1000 000 in 1992–12.26/1000 000 in 2010. Compared with other selected cancers, patients with Pca had the highest IBMR due to sepsis post‐cancer diagnosis, and the highest annual percentage change in IBMR due to sepsis (average annual percentage change, 13.1%; 95%CI, 9.4–16.9%). Age, race, education, marital status, and definitive therapy were all significant predictors of death due to sepsis after Pca diagnosis (all P values < 0.05).ConclusionPatients diagnosed with Pca are at increased risk of dying from sepsis, and the sepsis‐related IBMR in these patients is increasing over time. There are significant disparities in the outcome of sepsis among Pca patients that require further research.
Regulation of faecal biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with oral mastiha (Pistacia lentiscus) supplement: A double‐blind and placebo‐controlled randomised trial
Authors: Papada Efstathia , Gioxari Aristea , Amerikanou Charalampia , Forbes Alastair , Tzavara Chara , Smyrnioudis Ilias , Kaliora Andriana C. 
Published: November 2018

There is a keen research upon the effects of nutraceuticals on inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of mastiha supplement, rich in bioactive nutraceuticals, in active inflammatory bowel disease. This is a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Α total of 60 inflammatory bowel disease patients were enrolled and randomly allocated to mastiha (2.8 g/day) or placebo groups for 3 months adjunct to stable medical treatment. Medical and dietary history, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), Harvey‐Bradshaw index, partial Mayo score, biochemical indices, faecal, and blood inflammatory markers were assessed. A clinically important difference between groups in IBDQ was defined as primary outcome. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire score significantly improved in verum compared with baseline (p = 0.004). There was a significant decrease in faecal lysozyme in mastiha patients (p = 0.018) with the mean change being significant (p = 0.021), and significant increases of faecal lactoferrin (p = 0.001) and calprotectin (p = 0.029) in the placebo group. Fibrinogen reduced significantly (p = 0.006) with a significant mean change (p = 0.018), whereas iron increased (p = 0.032) in mastiha arm. Our results show regulation of faecal lysozyme by mastiha supplement adjunctive to pharmacological treatments in active inflammatory bowel disease. An effect secondary to a prebiotic potency is proposed.
In situ determination of trace elements in melt inclusions using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Le , Ren Zhong‐Yuan , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Yang Qing , Hong Lu‐Bing , Wu Dan 
Published: November 2018

RationaleIn situ trace element analysis of melt inclusions by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) provides important geochemistry information. However, the precision and accuracy of this technique are affected by many factors, such as matrix effect, laser conditions, and calibration method. In addition, many previous LA‐ICP‐MS studies ablated entire melt inclusions along with their host minerals and obtained trace element composition by deconvoluting the mixed ablation signal, which may induce much uncertainty.MethodsA 193 nm ArF laser ablation system combined with inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP‐SF‐MS) was used to investigate matrix effect, laser conditions, choice of external calibration standards, and data reduction strategy for in situ analysis of 36 major and trace elements in six common silicate reference glasses. The validity of the protocol presented here was demonstrated by measuring trace elements in olivine‐hosted melt inclusions. Instead of ablating entire melt inclusions along with their host minerals, melt inclusions were polished to the surface to avoid laser ablating the mineral host.ResultsThe calibration lines calculated from the calibration standards should cross the coordinate origin, especially for low‐concentration elements (<10 ppm). As the laser crater size increased from 17 to 33 μm, the precision was improved from <20% to <8% (2RSD), and accuracy was improved from ±20% to better than ±10%. Most measured trace elements in Dali melt inclusions are consistent with those in their host rocks. For mobile elements (Ba, Sr, Pb), melt inclusions display much smaller variations than their host rocks.ConclusionsA simple but accurate approach for in situ analysis of trace elements in melt inclusions by LA‐ICP‐SF‐MS has been established, which should greatly facilitate the wider application of in situ trace element geochemistry to melt inclusion studies.
Bessel summation inequalities for stability analysis of discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Lee Seok Young , Park JunMin , Park PooGyeon 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the stability analysis problems of discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delays using summation inequalities. In the literature focusing on the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii approach, the Jensen integral/summation inequalities have played important roles to develop less conservative stability criteria and thus have been widely studied. Recently, the Jensen integral inequality was successfully generalized to the Bessel‐Legendre inequalities constructed with arbitrary‐order Legendre polynomials. It was also shown that general inequality contributes to the less conservatism of stability criteria. In the case of discrete‐time systems, however, the Jensen summation inequality are hardly extensible to general ones since there have still not been general discrete orthogonal polynomials applicable to the developments of summation inequalities. Motivated by such observations, this paper proposes novel discrete orthogonal polynomials and then successfully derives general summation inequalities. The resulting summation inequalities are discrete‐time counterparts of the Bessel‐Legendre inequalities but are not based on the discrete Legendre polynomials. By developing hierarchical stability criteria based on the proposed summation inequalities, the effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated via three numerical examples for the stability analysis of discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delays.
Finite‐time adaptive robust control of nonlinear time‐delay uncertain systems with disturbance
Authors: Yang Renming , Zang Faye , Sun Liying , Zhou Pei , Zhang Binghua 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates finite‐time adaptive robust control problem for a general class of nonlinear time‐delay systems with uncertain and external disturbance via the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii (L‐K) method and presents some delay‐independent and delay‐dependent results on the issue. First, by applying the orthogonal decomposition method, this paper presents an equivalent form. Based on which, we study the finite‐time adaptive robust control problem for the systems by constructing a specific L‐K functional and designing a suitable controller. Different from existing works, this paper studies finite‐time adaptive robust control problem for general nonlinear delay system and presents a delay‐dependent sufficient condition on the problem. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the result in this paper.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Spiro [cyclohexane‐1,1′‐indene]‐2,5‐diene Analogues
Authors: Venkata Sivarami Reddy Gangireddy , Narkhede Umesh C. , Jadhav Vinod. D , Gangu Naidu , Bobde Yamini , Ghosh Balaram 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of spirocyclohexaneindene‐2,5‐diene derivatives were synthesized from Spiro‐Acid 5 which in turn was prepared from the easily accessible starting materials. The structure of spiro‐ester 4 was thoroughly further confirmed by 2D NMR analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for anticancer activity using murine melanoma cell line (B16F10), human breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) and human non‐small cell lung carcinoma cell lines (A549). Among them 7 f (tri fluorobenzene) and 7 g (di fluorobenzene) analogues were the most active compounds in all three cell lines in the series.
In situ synthesis of V2O3 nanorods anchored on reduced graphene oxide as high‐performance lithium ion battery anode
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Dan , Li Guangshe , Xue Chenglin , Ding Junfang , Li Baoyun , Chen Dandan , Li Liping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe potential applications of V2O3 in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are significantly hampered by the comparatively poor rate performance as well as fast capacity decay due to the low electrical conductivity and huge volume change during cycling process. Various strategies have been proposed to address these drawbacks. Among different methods, reducing their particle size to the nanometer range and combining with carbonaceous matrix seem to be effective ways to improve electrochemical property. Herein, we prepared V2O3 nanorods in‐situ adhered to rGO via hydrothermal reaction and heat‐treatment. One dimensional V2O3 nanorods combined with rGO can effectively shorten Li+ ions and electrons transport path, improve electrical conductivity and alleviate volume change. The strong chemical interaction between them would remarkably accelerate charge transfer. These features endow V2O3/rGO composite with good cycling stability (675 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 500 mA g−1) and excellent rate performance (428 mA g h−1 at 2000 mA g−1). New prospects will be brought by this work for the potential application of V2O3 based material as advanced anode material for LIBs.