bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of artificial intelligence in standardizing global longitudinal strain measurements in echocardiography
Authors: Sveric Krunoslav M , Botan Roxana , Winkler Anna , Dindane Zouhir , Alothman Ghatafan , Cansiz Baris , Fassl Jens , Kaliske Michael , Linke Axel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of artificial intelligence (AI) in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) analysis as compared to conventional (Manual) and semi-automated (SemiAuto) method in echocardiography (Echo).

Methods and results
GLS validation was performed on 550 standard Echo exams by expert cardiologists. The performance of a beginner cardiologist without experience of GLS analysis was assessed on a subset of 90 exams. The AI employs fully automated view selection, classification, endocardial border tracing, and calculation of GLS from an entire Echo exam, while SemiAuto requires manual chamber view selection, and Manual involves full user input. Interobserver agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for all three methods. Agreement of measures included Pearson’s correlation (R) and Bland-Altman analysis [median bias; limits of agreement (LOA)]. With an 89% feasibility the AI showed good agreement with Manual (R = 0.92, bias = 0.7% and LOA: −3.5 to 4.8%) and with SemiAuto (r = 0.90, bias = 0.10% and LOA: −4.5 to 4%). ICCs for GLS were 1.0 for AI, 0.93 for SemiAuto, and 0.80 for Manual. After the 55th analysis, the beginner showed stable time performance with Manual (171 s), contrasting with the consistent performance of SemiAuto (85-69 s) from the beginning. The highest agreement between beginner and expert readers was achieved with AI (R = 1.00), followed by SemiAuto (R = 0.85) and Manual (R = 0.74).

Conclusion
Automated GLS analysis enhances efficiency and accuracy in cardiac diagnostics, particularly for novice users. Integration of automated solutions into routine clinical practice could yield more standardized results.
Intra-operative and post-operative management of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting: a clinical consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Coronary Task Force
Authors: Sandner Sigrid , Antoniades Charalambos , Caliskan Etem , Czerny Martin , Dayan Victor , Fremes Stephen E , Glineur David , Lawton Jennifer S , Thielmann Matthias , Gaudino Mario 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The structural and functional integrity of conduits used for coronary artery bypass grafting is critical for graft patency. Disruption of endothelial integrity and endothelial dysfunction are incurred during conduit harvesting subsequent to mechanical or thermal injury and during conduit storage prior to grafting, leading to acute thrombosis and early graft failure. Late graft failure, in particular that of vein grafts, is precipitated by progressive atherogenesis. Intra-operative management includes appropriate selection of conduit-specific harvesting techniques and storage solutions. Arterial grafts are prone to vasospasm subsequent to surgical manipulation, and application of intra-operative vasodilatory protocols is critical. Post-operative management includes continuation of oral vasodilator therapy and selection of antithrombotic and lipid-lowering agents to attenuate atherosclerotic disease progression in conduits. In this review, the scientific evidence underlying the key aspects of intra- and post-operative management of conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting is examined. Clinical consensus statements for best clinical practice are provided, and areas requiring further research are highlighted.
Calcific aortic stenosis: omics-based target discovery and therapy development
Authors: Blaser Mark C , Bäck Magnus , Lüscher Thomas F , Aikawa Elena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) resulting in aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease, affecting 2% of those over age 65. Those who develop symptomatic severe AS have an average further lifespan of &lt;2 years without valve replacement, and three-quarters of these patients will develop heart failure, undergo valve replacement, or die within 5 years. There are no approved pharmaceutical therapies for AS, due primarily to a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that direct CAVD progression in the complex haemodynamic environment. Here, advances in efforts to understand the pathogenesis of CAVD and to identify putative drug targets derived from recent multi-omics studies [including (epi)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics] of blood and valvular tissues are reviewed. The recent explosion of single-cell omics-based studies in CAVD and the pathobiological and potential drug discovery insights gained from the application of omics to this disease area are a primary focus. Lastly, the translation of knowledge gained in valvular pathobiology into clinical therapies is addressed, with a particular emphasis on treatment regimens that consider sex-specific, renal, and lipid-mediated contributors to CAVD, and ongoing Phase I/II/III trials aimed at the prevention/treatment of AS are described.
Analysis of the whole pharyngeal jaw adds nuance to the continental radiation of Neotropical cichlids
Authors: Nicholas Benjamin , López-Fernández Hernán 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding how continental assemblages have diversified can be difficult as they are products of extinction, biogeographical rearrangements, and changing environments over millions of years. Much of our knowledge of adaptive radiations stems from relatively recent, insular-like systems. However, increasing evidence supports the idea that adaptive radiations have a major role in hyperdiverse continental radiations such as Neotropical cichlids. This primarily riverine group has undergone adaptive diversification into many ecologically, morphologically, and behaviourally complex lineages. Surprisingly, the macroevolutionary patterns of the entire pharyngeal jaw is relatively understudied in Neotropical cichlids. In this study we use microcomputed tomography scans to characterize the entire pharyngeal system across Neotropical cichlids to test for signatures of adaptive radiation. We describe the morphological diversity of the upper and lower pharyngeal jaw, fit models of evolutionary divergence, and measure morphological disparity through time and among clades. Until now, studies of various axes of diversification in Cichlinae found congruent signals of an early burst of divergence in multiple trait dimensions, but we find no evidence of an early burst in the pharyngeal jaws. We find evidence of highly specialized pharyngeal jaws establishing early in the continental radiation and also evidence of recent morphological divergence in the three major tribes of Cichlinae. Our results further highlight the necessity to study adaptively radiating lineages in multiple trait dimensions as some axes of diversification may be otherwise overlooked.
The good, the bad, and the hazardous: comparative genomic analysis unveils cell wall features in the pathogen Candidozyma auris typical for both baker’s yeast and Candida
Authors: Alvarado María , Gómez-Navajas Jesús A , Blázquez-Muñoz María Teresa , Gómez-Molero Emilia , Fernández-Sánchez Sebastián , Eraso Elena , Munro Carol A , Valentín Eulogio , Mateo Estibaliz , de Groot Piet W J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The drug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candidozyma auris (formerly named Candida auris) is considered a critical health problem of global importance. As the cell wall plays a crucial role in pathobiology, here we performed a detailed bioinformatic analysis of its biosynthesis in C. auris and related Candidozyma haemuli complex species using Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as references. Our data indicate that the cell wall architecture described for these reference yeasts is largely conserved in Candidozyma spp.; however, expansions or reductions in gene families point to subtle alterations, particularly with respect to β­-1,3-­glucan synthesis and remodeling, phosphomannosylation, β-mannosylation, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) proteins. In several aspects, C. auris holds a position in between C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, consistent with being classified in a separate genus. Strikingly, among the identified putative GPI proteins in C. auris are adhesins typical for both Candida (Als and Hyr/Iff) and Saccharomyces (Flo11 and Flo5-like flocculins). Further, 26 putative C. auris GPI proteins lack homologs in Candida genus species. Phenotypic analysis of one such gene, QG37_05701, showed mild phenotypes implicating a role associated with cell wall β-1,3-glucan. Altogether, our study uncovered a wealth of information relevant for the pathogenicity of C. auris as well as targets for follow-up studies.
Gendered Marital Power, Depression, and Cognition Among Older Adults in Mexico
Authors: Quashie Nekehia T , Saenz Joseph L , Sheehan Connor , Lopez Angelica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
As Mexico rapidly ages, population-level cognitive issues and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (AD/ADRD) are projected to increase. Limited social welfare positions family members-especially spouses- as the main support resource. While past research suggests marital power imbalances relate with increased depression among Mexican older adults, how marital power imbalance relates with cognition and gender differences therein remains understudied. Accordingly, we investigate how perceived marital power relates with cognitive ability with attention to depression and gender.

Methods
We use the 2012, 2015, and 2018 (n = 2,643 heterosexual dyads) waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and Actor Partner Interdependence Models (APIM). The APIM allows the cognitive function of each partner to be predicted by their own (actor effects) and partner’s (partner effects) perceived marital power imbalance, evaluates gender differences, and the mediating role of depression.

Results
Own reports of lower baseline marital power were directly negatively associated with subsequent cognition only among husbands. Partners’ baseline reports of marital power showed mixed direct associations with future cognition: husbands’ higher marital power negatively related with wives’ cognition whereas wives’ lower marital power positively related with husbands’ cognition. Wives’ marital power imbalance predicted higher depression in each partner, and both own and partner’s depression related with lower cognition, regardless of gender, suggesting that wives’ marital power imbalance impacts cognition indirectly through depression.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that gendered marital power relations is a novel area for future research in the context of Mexico's aging population, enduring marriages, and entrenched patriarchal structures.
Reclaiming the narrative: countering harmful commercial discourses
Authors: van Schalkwyk May C I , Maani Nason , Hawkins Benjamin , Petticrew Mark , Buse Kent 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discourses promoted by powerful commercial actors whose business activities are damaging to health undermine the potential for the transformational changes urgently needed to address pressing public health and environmental threats globally. This piece provides an analysis of corporate discursive practices and the mechanisms through which they contaminate scientific and policy debates and harm public and environmental health. We refer to this phenomenon as ‘discursive pollution’ to reflect the parallels between the effects of informational strategies and the commercial activities of harmful industries. It aims to contribute to the literature on the commercial determinants of health by offering a cross-industry perspective of discursive practices and the contradictions that underpin industry-favourable discourses. We propose how the health community can facilitate the construction of alternative discourses by revealing the contradictions and assumptions underpinning industry-favourable discourses.
Commercial influences on patient and public involvement: a renewed call for research and action
Authors: Hennessy Marita , Fahey Tom , Larkin James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Patient and public involvement is increasingly advocated in health policy, research and practice. Patients and people with lived experience, carers and the general public should have a say in how policy is generated, how services are delivered and how research is conducted. Through this perspective article, we hope to stimulate discussion and debate around industry influence in patient and public involvement, specifically pertaining to patient organizations, which often play a key role in patient and public involvement activities. As momentum gathers around patient and public involvement in many countries, it is timely to discuss the nature and extent of commercial influences in such activities, the (un)anticipated consequences of industry–patient interactions, including conflicts of interest and motivated bias, and how we might better manage, or negate, such interactions. Patient and public involvement must be integral to research, policy and practice. While further research is needed to examine the interactions, and consequences of pharmaceutical industry interactions with patients, several practical steps can be taken in the interim. Structures, processes and supports, which are fit for purpose, are needed to ensure independence, power and legitimacy within patient and public involvement activities, and that patient advocates have their voices heard, and ultimately acted upon.
Identification of hub genes and biological pathways related to central post-stroke pain in ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Fude , Cheng Yawen , Han Xiangning , Zhu Ning , Jiang Shiliang , Li Jiahao , Ma Wenlong , Yu Jia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This investigation aims to screen ischemic stroke (IS)-related hub genes of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) from public databases and predict their potential roles through bioinformatics analysis to better interpret CPSP in IS. First, based on differential analysis, Venn analysis, and enrichment analyses, we identified 13 differently expressed genes in CPSP (CPSP-DEGs) related to the TNF signaling pathway, Vascular smooth muscle contraction, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Subsequently, through screening and analysis of the PPI network constructed by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database, we obtained 3 CPSP-related hub genes (CD163, MMP9, and ARG1). They were all highly expressed in the IS group, exhibiting good diagnostic performance, with area under curve (AUC) value &gt; 0.85. The immune-related analysis demonstrated that the infiltration levels of various immune cells in the IS group and the normal group were substantially different. In addition, by utilizing some online websites, we not only predicted some microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) that may target hub genes but also mined small molecular drugs that may target differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IS. In conclusion, this project first investigated the role of CPSP-related genes in IS and identified 3 hub genes. At the same time, we predicted some miRNAs, TFs, and candidate drugs that may target hub genes. Our research uncovered the potential mechanism of CPSP-related genes in IS from multiple perspectives. Furthermore, it also laid a research foundation for the future study of the mechanisms of IS disease.
Repair of aortic coarctation in neonates less than two kilograms
Authors: Chen Qiang , Fleming Thomas , Caputo Massimo , Stoica Serban , Tometzki Andrew , Parry Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
A significant number of low-birth-weight neonates are born with aortic coarctation. Previous studies of early operation on these patients have shown a high hospital mortality and recurrence at 1 year. We reviewed our data to ascertain whether modern approaches allow better outcomes for these children.

METHODS
Fourteen patients weighing &lt;2 kg with isolated coarctation between January 2005 and December 2015 were studied by retrospective chart review to ensure &gt;5 years follow-up. All patients underwent extended end-to-side surgical repair. In-hospital and medium-term follow-up data were collected. Data are expressed as median (range).

RESULTS
Weight at the time of surgery was 1.8 (1.5–1.9) kg. There were no deaths, in-hospital or during follow-up. In-hospital stay was 11 (4–47) days. At follow-up of 141 (80–207) months echocardiographic velocity across the repair was 1.6 (0.9–3.8) m/s. Two patients required balloon dilatations for recoarctation including 1 with William’s syndrome who required balloon coarctoplasty followed by stenting. This patient had grossly abnormal vessels at the time of initial surgery with aortic wall thickness &gt;3 mm. There were no central neurological complications. Other complications included vocal cord dysfunction in 1, development of chylothorax requiring prolonged chest drainage in 2, pneumothorax following chest drain removal in 1 and wound dehiscence in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONS
Neonates below 2 kg can undergo coarctation repair safely with low incidence of recurrence. Waiting for growth in this cohort of patients may not therefore be justified.
Development and confirmation of humanized plasma and epithelial lining fluid exposures of meropenem, cefiderocol and tobramycin in a standardized neutropenic murine pneumonia model
Authors: Fratoni Andrew J , Padgett Alissa M , Roenfanz Hanna F , Duffy Erin M , Nicolau David P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Murine pneumonia models play a fundamental role in the preclinical development of novel compounds seeking an indication for the treatment of pneumonia. It is vital that plasma exposures in these models are not used as a surrogate for exposure in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Herein, human-simulated regimens (HSRs) in both plasma and ELF of meropenem, cefiderocol and tobramycin are described in the standardized COMBINE murine neutropenic pneumonia model.

Materials and methods
HSRs were developed in both plasma and ELF for meropenem and cefiderocol as 2 g q8h 3 h infusions, and tobramycin 7 mg/kg 30 min infusion. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed to confirm plasma and ELF exposures in mice that recapitulated %fT &gt; MIC for meropenem and cefiderocol, and fCmax and fAUC0-24 for tobramycin in humans.

Results
Concentration–time profiles and relevant pharmacodynamic exposures for all three compounds were well matched in mice relative to humans. None of the plasma HSRs were able to appropriately humanize the ELF. Thus, modifications of the plasma HSRs were necessary to provide unique HSRs specific to ELF exposure for each compound.

Conclusions
It should not be assumed that lung penetration in mice relative to humans is equivalent. With HSRs confirmed for these three drugs with established clinical use in the treatment of patients with pneumonia, these humanized exposures within the standardized model will allow for back-translation of anticipated efficacy and provide purposeful quantitative benchmarks for cfu/lung assessments for researchers on an international scale.
Establishing best practices in large language model research: an application to repeat prompting
Authors: Gallo Robert J , Baiocchi Michael , Savage Thomas R , Chen Jonathan H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to demonstrate the importance of establishing best practices in large language model research, using repeat prompting as an illustrative example.

Materials and Methods
Using data from a prior study investigating potential model bias in peer review of medical abstracts, we compared methods that ignore correlation in model outputs from repeated prompting with a random effects method that accounts for this correlation.

Results
High correlation within groups was found when repeatedly prompting the model, with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.69. Ignoring the inherent correlation in the data led to over 100-fold inflation of effective sample size. After appropriately accounting for this issue, the authors’ results reverse from a small but highly significant finding to no evidence of model bias.

Discussion
The establishment of best practices for LLM research is urgently needed, as demonstrated in this case where accounting for repeat prompting in analyses was critical for accurate study conclusions.
Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: physician burnout and perspectives on usability and documentation burden
Authors: Shah Shreya J , Devon-Sand Anna , Ma Stephen P , Jeong Yejin , Crowell Trevor , Smith Margaret , Liang April S , Delahaie Clarissa , Hsia Caroline , Shanafelt Tait , Pfeffer Michael A , Sharp Christopher , Lin Steven , Garcia Patricia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluates the pilot implementation of ambient AI scribe technology to assess physician perspectives on usability and the impact on physician burden and burnout.

Materials and Methods
This prospective quality improvement study was conducted at Stanford Health Care with 48 physicians over a 3-month period. Outcome measures included burden, burnout, usability, and perceived time savings.

Results
Paired survey analysis (n = 38) revealed large statistically significant reductions in task load (−24.42, p &lt;.001) and burnout (−1.94, p &lt;.001), and moderate statistically significant improvements in usability scores (+10.9, p &lt;.001). Post-survey responses (n = 46) indicated favorable utility with improved perceptions of efficiency, documentation quality, and ease of use.

Discussion
In one of the first pilot implementations of ambient AI scribe technology, improvements in physician task load, burnout, and usability were demonstrated.

Conclusion
Ambient AI scribes like DAX Copilot may enhance clinical workflows. Further research is needed to optimize widespread implementation and evaluate long-term impacts.
Regulation of artificial intelligence in healthcare: Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) as a model
Authors: Jackson Brian R , Sendak Mark P , Solomonides Anthony , Balu Suresh , Sittig Dean F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the potential to adapt an existing technology regulatory model, namely the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), for clinical artificial intelligence (AI).

Materials and Methods
We identify overlap in the quality management requirements for laboratory testing and clinical AI.

Results
We propose modifications to the CLIA model that could make it suitable for oversight of clinical AI.

Discussion
In national discussions of clinical AI, there has been surprisingly little consideration of this longstanding model for local technology oversight. While CLIA was specifically designed for laboratory testing, most of its principles are applicable to other technologies in patient care.

Conclusion
A CLIA-like approach to regulating clinical AI would be complementary to the more centralized schemes currently under consideration, and it would ensure institutional and professional accountability for the longitudinal quality management of clinical AI.