bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source term estimation of a hazardous airborne release using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Hutchinson Michael , Liu Cunjia , Chen Wen‐Hua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGaining information about an unknown gas source is a task of great importance with applications in several areas, including responding to gas leaks or suspicious smells, quantifying sources of emissions, or in an emergency response to an industrial accident or act of terrorism. In this paper, a method to estimate the source term of a gaseous release using measurements of concentration obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is described. The source term parameters estimated include the three‐dimensional location of the release, its emission rate and other important variables needed to forecast the spread of the gas using an atmospheric transport and dispersion model. The parameters of the source are estimated by fusing concentration observations from a gas detector on‐board the aircraft, with meteorological data and an appropriate model of dispersion. Two models are compared in this paper, both derived from analytical solutions to the advection–diffusion equation. Bayes’ theorem, implemented using a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm, is used to estimate the source parameters to take into account the large uncertainties in the observations and formulated models. The system is verified with novel, outdoor, fully automated experiments, where observations from the UAV are used to estimate the parameters of a diffusive source. The estimation performance of the algorithm is assessed subject to various flight path configurations and wind speeds. Observations and lessons learned during these unique experiments are discussed, and areas for future research are identified.
Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with 4′‐Substituted Terpyridine Ligands and Their Biological Applications
Authors: Ezhilarasu Tamilarasu , Balasubramanian Sengottuvelan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThree 4′‐(4‐Methylbenzoate‐benzyloxy)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (MBBtpy), 4′‐(4‐Ethylbenzoate‐benzyloxy)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (EBBtpy) and 4′‐(5‐(1,3‐Dimethylbenzoate)‐benzyloxy)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (DMBBtpy) ligands and seven ruthenium(II) symmetrical [Ru(MBBtpy)2](PF6)2(Ru1), [Ru(EBBtpy)2](PF6)2(Ru2), [Ru(DMBBtpy)2](PF6)2(Ru3) and unsymmetrical [Ru(MBBtpy)(EBBtpy)](PF6)2(Ru4), [Ru(MBBtpy)(ttpy)](PF6)2(Ru5), [Ru(MBBtpy)(Brttpy)](PF6)2(Ru6), [Ru(MBBtpy)(HOttpy)](PF6)2(Ru7) complexes were synthesized and characterized by UV/Vis, Fluorescence, FTIR,1H &13C NMR, ESI‐mass spectral studies and electrochemical studies. The crystal structure of HOttpy ligand was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The cyclic voltammograms of Ru(II) complexes exhibit a quasi‐reversible oxidation peak corresponding to RuII/RuIIIprocess. The peak currentIpaandIpcincreases with increase in scan rate. The Ru(II) complexes tested forin vitroantimicrobial activity against four human pathogens and fungusCandida albicansshowed good antibacterial and antifungal activity. The binding of Ru(II) complexes with calf thymus DNA was determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The cleavage activity of ruthenium(II) complexes studied by gel electrophoresis indicates that these complexes can cleave pUC19 DNA more efficiently when compared to that of control.
CuOx‐TiO2 Composites: Electronically Integrated Nanocomposites for Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Bharad Pradnya A. , Nikam Arun V. , Thomas Femi , Gopinath Chinnakonda S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCuOx‐TiO2 (CT) composites were prepared by different methods (impregnation, microwave and photodeposition methods) and evaluated for solar water splitting (SWS) with aqueous methanol. CT composites prepared by three different methods were characterized by relevant methods to understand the correlation between synthesis method and activity, and the mechanism of water splitting. A comparison of photocatalytic activity of CT composite materials indicates that the photocatalyst prepared by photodeposition method shows significantly improved activity for hydrogen production from aqueous methanol as well as with water (overall water splitting) under one sun conditions. Cu is present in Cu/Cu+1 form in photodeposition method prepared CT, which is more effective and helpful for solar light absorption as well as charge carrier separation due to the formation of bulk p‐n (Cu2O‐TiO2) heterojunctions. However, CuO formation seems to decrease the activity with other preparation methods.
Betti Bases from 4‐(3‐Pyridazo)‐1‐naphthol: Synthesis, Coordination Behaviour and Unusual Substitution Reactions
Authors: Kurteva Vanya B. , Lubenov Lubomir A. , Shivachev Boris L. , Nikolova Rositsa P. , Fromm Katharina M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of Betti bases from 4‐(3‐pyridyl)azo‐1‐naphthol dye, possessing flexible methylene or more constrained aryl‐methyne spaced NH‐containing side‐chains, were obtained and characterized. It was shown by NMR spectroscopy that the ligands exist in keto form. The products’ structure was confirmed by single crystal XRD of a selected sample. A study on the coordination ability of the ligands with silver(I) was performed, leading to an unexpected substitution reaction.
Organic Matrix Stabilized Ultra‐Fine Bismuth Oxide Particles for Electrochemical Energy Storage Application
Authors: Devi Nishu , Ghosh Sarit , Ray Sekhar C , Mallick Kaushik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of an organic‐inorganic supramolecular hybrid system has been reported, using a wet‐chemical synthesis method, where the Bi2O3 nanoparticles are dispersed within the organic matrix. The XRD analysis showed the formation of crystalline Bi2O3. The XPS and Raman spectra analysis also confirmed the formation of Bi2O3. In this work, the organic molecule supported nanosized Bi2O3 has been used as an electrode material for supercapacitor application in presence of the aqueous solution of alkaline electrolyte (1.0 mol dm−3 of KOH) and exhibited a specific capacitance 407 F.g−1 along with the energy density value of 113 W.h.kg−1 at 1 A.g−1. The supramolecular system exhibited a long‐term stability by retaining 89% of the initial specific capacitance value after 500 cycles at the current density of 5 A.g−1.
A new Zn mixed‐ligand coordination polymer fiber for solid‐phase microextraction of the anticancer drug tamoxifen
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Amani Vahid 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new metal‐organic coordination polymer, [Zn(μ‐mptrz)(mptrz)(μ‐en)0.5]n (mptrz− is 4‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiolato), has been used to prepare a solid‐phase microextraction fiber using the direct immersion method. The fiber was well characterized, and showed superior properties. Scanning electron microscopy of the fiber shows a very porous and homogenous coating. The thermal stability, adhersivity and chemical stability were excellent for extracting analytes from harsh media and desorbing them in a high thermal inlet of a gas chromatograph. An anti‐cancer drug, tamoxifen, was extracted with this fiber and then analyzed by using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The main factors affecting the extraction of tamoxifen were optimized. The detection limit and linear range were 0.62 and 4–800 μg L−1, respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviations were obtained at different concentrations, using a single fiber, and found to be 14.1–15.4 and 13.3%, respectively. The results were then compared with other works. Tamoxifen in two urine samples was successfully analyzed with the proposed method.
Adolescent psychosis risk symptoms predicting persistent psychiatric service use: A 7-year follow-up study
Authors: Lindgren Maija , Jonninen Minna , Jokela Markus , Therman Sebastian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground:We investigated whether psychosis risk symptoms predicted psychiatric service use using seven-year register follow-up data.Methods:Our sample included 715 adolescents aged 15–18, referred to psychiatric care for the first time. Psychosis risk symptoms were assessed with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) at the beginning of the treatment. We assessed the power of the overall PQ as well as its positive, negative, general, and disorganized psychosis risk symptom factors in predicting prolonged service use. Baseline psychiatric diagnoses (grouped into 7 categories) were controlled for. Based on both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric treatment after baseline, adolescents were divided into three groups of brief, intermittent, and persistent service use.Results:Stronger symptoms on any PQ factor as well as the presence of a mood disorder predicted prolonged service use. All of the PQ factors remained significant predictors when adjusted for baseline mood disorder and multimorbidity.Conclusions:In a prospective follow-up of a large sample using comprehensive mental health records, our findings indicate that assessing psychosis risk symptoms in clinical adolescent settings at the beginning of treatment could predict long-term need for care beyond diagnostic information. Our findings replicate the previous findings that positive psychosis risk symptoms are unspecific markers of severity of psychopathology. Also psychosis risk symptoms of the negative, disorganization, and general clusters are approximately as strongly associated with prolonged psychiatric service use in the upcoming years.
Development of medium-term prediction methods: A case study of the August 14, 2016 Onor (M
w = 5.8) earthquake on Sakhalin
Authors: Zakupin A.S. , Levin Yu.N. , Boginskaya N.V. , Zherdeva O.A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The potential of the load-unload response ratio (LURR) method for medium-term earthquake prediction is studied for Sakhalin Island as an example. An approach to the generation of predicted conditions and assessment of their implementation in real time is considered. The results of a retrospective analysis of other large Sakhalin earthquakes are used for generalization. It is shown that deviations of prediction parameters from specified values are satisfactory for this method. It is recommended that this method be used to compile summaries of medium-term predictions for Sakhalin provided that catalogs are filled as soon as possible.
Statute-Based Protections for Research Participant Confidentiality: Implications of the US Experience for Canada
Authors: Palys Ted , Turk James L. , Lowman John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany types of vital research require protection of communication and information provided confidentially by research participants. In Canada, apart from information collected under theStatistics Act, the only option is a common law balancing test that creates uncertainty insofar as law is made after the fact. This paper explores the option of statute-based protection from the outset. It examines two such protections that have been in place in the United States for decades—revealing their strengths and weaknesses and how they may be applied in the Canadian context.
Exiled from History: Africa in Hegel’s Academic Practice
Authors: McCaskie Tom C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:Many scholars, African and otherwise, have excoriated G.W.F. Hegel for his dismissal of Africa from history and progress in his lectures on the philosophies of history and religion. This has been done by quoting his texts and setting his words in the context of his influence on nineteenth-century European imperialism and racism. A different approach informs this paper. I treat Hegel, a complicated person, as a working university academic with a career to make and an overriding desire to publicize his own thought. I provide biographical insights relevant to these matters, and go on to examine specific texts about Africa that Hegel either sought out or chanced upon, read, misread, excerpted, used, and misused in support of his theorizing and apriorism. Attention is paid throughout to the construction, recording, and dissemination of Hegel’s lectures, and to aspects of their reception and authority in the educational formation of selected modern African intellectuals. I argue that such persons and African studies more widely are still trying to come to grips with the long and enduring shadow cast by Hegel over both the past and present of the continent.
On the minimal number of driving Lévy motions in a multivariate price model
Authors: Jacod Jean , Podolskij Mark 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we consider the factor analysis for Lévy-driven multivariate price models with stochastic volatility. Our main aim is to provide conditions on the volatility process under which we can possibly reduce the dimension of the driving Lévy motion. We find that these conditions depend on a particular form of the multivariate Lévy process. In some settings we concentrate on nondegenerate symmetric α-stable Lévy motions.
Univariate and multivariate stochastic orderings of residual lifetimes of live components in sequential (𝑛-𝑟+ 1)-out-of-𝑛 systems
Authors: Barmalzan Ghobad , Haidari Abedin , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sequential order statistics can be used to describe the ordered lifetimes of components of a system when the failure of a component may affect the reliability of the remaining components. After a reliability system consisting of n components fails, some of its components may still be alive. In this paper we first establish some univariate stochastic orderings and ageing properties of the residual lifetimes of the live components in a sequential (n-r+1)-out-of-n system. We also obtain a characterizing result for the exponential distribution based on uncorrelated residual lifetimes of live components. Finally, we provide some sufficient conditions for comparing vectors of residual lifetimes of the live components from two sequential (n-r+1)-out-of-n systems. The results established here extend some well-known results in the literature.
From trees to graphs: collapsing continuous-time branching processes
Authors: Garavaglia A. , van der Hofstad R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Continuous-time branching processes (CTBPs) are powerful tools in random graph theory, but are not appropriate to describe real-world networks since they produce trees rather than (multi)graphs. In this paper we analyze collapsed branching processes (CBPs), obtained by a collapsing procedure on CTBPs, in order to define multigraphs where vertices have fixed out-degree m≥2. A key example consists of preferential attachment models (PAMs), as well as generalized PAMs where vertices are chosen according to their degree and age. We identify the degree distribution of CBPs, showing that it is closely related to the limiting distribution of the CTBP before collapsing. In particular, this is the first time that CTBPs are used to investigate the degree distribution of PAMs beyond the tree setting.
Optimal routeing in two-queue polling systems
Authors: Adan I. J. B. F. , Kulkarni V. G. , Lee N. , Lefeber E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe consider a polling system with two queues, exhaustive service, no switchover times, and exponential service times with rate µ in each queue. The waiting cost depends on the position of the queue relative to the server: it costs a customercper time unit to wait in the busy queue (where the server is) anddper time unit in the idle queue (where there is no server). Customers arrive according to a Poisson process with rate λ. We study the control problem of how arrivals should be routed to the two queues in order to minimize the expected waiting costs and characterize individually and socially optimal routeing policies under three scenarios of available information at decision epochs: no, partial, and complete information. In the complete information case, we develop a new iterative algorithm to determine individually optimal policies (which are symmetric Nash equilibria), and show that such policies can be described by a switching curve. We use Markov decision processes to compute the socially optimal policies. We observe numerically that the socially optimal policy is well approximated by a linear switching curve. We prove that the control policy described by this linear switching curve is indeed optimal for the fluid version of the two-queue polling system.
Approximation of excessive backlog probabilities of two tandem queues
Authors: Sezer Ali Devin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLetXbe the constrained random walk on ℤ+2having increments (1,0), (-1,1), and (0,-1) with respective probabilities λ, µ1, and µ2representing the lengths of two tandem queues. We assume thatXis stable and µ1≠µ2. Let τnbe the first time when the sum of the components ofXequalsn. LetYbe the constrained random walk on ℤ×ℤ+having increments (-1,0), (1,1), and (0,-1) with probabilities λ, µ1, and µ2. Let τ be the first time that the components ofYare equal to each other. We prove thatPn-xn(1),xn(2)(τ<∞) approximatespn(xn) with relative errorexponentially decayinginnforxn=⌊nx⌋,x∈ℝ+2, 0<x(1)+x(2)<1, x(1)>0. An affine transformation moving the origin to the point (n,0) and lettingn→∞ connect theXandYprocesses. We use a linear combination of basis functions constructed from single and conjugate points on a characteristic surface associated withXto derive a simple expression for ℙy(τ<∞) in terms of the utilization rates of the nodes. The proof that the relative error decays exponentially innuses a sequence of subsolutions of a related Hamilton‒Jacobi‒Bellman equation on a manifold consisting of three copies of ℝ+2glued to each other along the constraining boundaries. We indicate how the ideas of the paper can be generalized to more general processes and other exit boundaries.
When Experts Disagree: Response Aggregation and its Consequences in Expert Surveys
Authors: Lindstädt René , Proksch Sven-Oliver , Slapin Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolitical scientists use expert surveys to assess the latent features of political actors. Experts, though, are unlikely to be equally informed and assess all actors equally well. The literature acknowledges variance in measurement quality but pays little attention to the implications of uncertainty for aggregating responses. We discuss the nature of the measurement problem in expert surveys. We then propose methods to assess the ability of experts to judge where actors stand and to aggregate expert responses. We examine the effects of aggregation for a prominent survey in the literature on party politics and EU integration. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate that it is better to aggregate expert responses using the median or modal response, rather than the mean.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation as productivity regulator of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Nave Sílvia , Lebreiro Susana , Michel Elisabeth , Kissel Catherine , Figueiredo Maria Ondina , Guihou Abel , Ferreira António , Labeyrie Laurent , Alberto Ana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpatially extensive and intense phytoplankton blooms observed off Iberia, in satellite pictures, are driven by significant nutrient supply by upper-ocean vertical mesoscale activity rather than by horizontal advection by coastal upwelling. Productivity of oligotrophic regions is still poorly depicted by discrete instrumental and model data sets. The paleoproductivity reconstructions of these areas represent the mean productivity over long periods, bringing new insights into the total biomass fluxes. Here, we present paleoproductivity records from the oceanic Tore Seamount region, covering the period from 140 to 60 ka. They show higher nutrient supplies during Termination II, Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 4, MIS 6, and warming transitions of the MIS 5 sub-stages. The highest nutrient content (higher productivity) in phase with tracers of bottom-water ventilation (benthic δ13C,231Pa/230Th) establishes a strong linkage with variability of Southern Ocean-sourced waters. Low productivity and ventilation over warm sub-stages of MIS 5 respond instead to North Atlantic Deep Water. Assuming that the Tore Seamount is representative of oligotrophic regions, the glacial-interglacial relationship observed between paleoproductivity and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation strength opens new insights into the importance of estimating the total biomass in these regions. The subtropical gyres might play a considerable role in the carbon cycle over (sub-)glacial-interglacial time scales than previously thought.
Vitamin D intake, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and pulmonary function in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis: a longitudinal approach
Authors: Timmers Nyanza K. L. M. , Stellato Rebecca K. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Houwen Roderick H. J. , Woestenenk Janna W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPancreatic-insufficient children with cystic fibrosis (CF) receive age-group-specific vitamin D supplementation according to international CF nutritional guidelines. The potential advantageous immunomodulatory effect of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) on pulmonary function (PF) is yet to be established and is complicated by CF-related vitamin D malabsorption. We aimed to assess whether current recommendations are optimal for preventing deficiencies and whether higher serum 25(OH)D levels have long-term beneficial effects on PF. We examined the longitudinal relationship between vitamin D intake, serum 25(OH)D and PF in 190 CF children during a 4-year follow-up period. We found a significant relationship between total vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D (β = 0·02; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·03; P = 0·000). However, serum 25(OH)D decreased with increasing body weight (β = –0·79; 95 % CI –1·28, –0·29; P = 0·002). Furthermore, we observed a significant relationship between serum 25(OH)D and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (β = 0·056; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·102; P = 0·018) and forced vital capacity (β = 0·045; 95 % CI 0·008, 0·082; P = 0·017). In the present large study sample, vitamin D intake is associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, and adequate serum 25(OH)D levels may contribute to the preservation of PF in children with CF. Furthermore, to maintain adequate levels of serum 25(OH)D, vitamin D supplementation should increase with increasing body weight. Adjustments of the international CF nutritional guidelines, in which vitamin D supplementation increases with increasing weight, should be considered.
A simple, quick, validated method of recording the nasal cycle in humans using a subjective scale
Authors: Williams M R , Eccles R 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the nasal cycle can be limited by time-consuming rhinomanometric measurements. However, quantifiable subjective assessment of nasal airflow has been limited by poor correlation with rhinomanometric data, even when investigating patients with a deviated nasal septum.MethodsThirty healthy participants attended two study days for rhinomanometric and subjective assessment of nasal airflow (using the subjective ordinal scale). A nasal partitioning ratio was calculated for both measures.ResultsObjective and subjective nasal partitioning ratios were compared; strong correlations were seen, with a correlation coefficient of 0.64 (p< 0.00001) on day 1 and 0.68 (p< 0.00001) on day 2.ConclusionThe use of the subjective ordinal scale and nasal partitioning ratio provides a sensitive tool for assessing relative nasal airflow, with results that correlate strongly with rhinomanometric data. This finding strongly suggests that this combination could be used for future subjective assessment of the nasal cycle.