bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties characterisation of AlSi10Mg parts produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Del Re Francesco , Scherillo Fabio , Contaldi Vincenzo , Palumbo Biagio , Squillace Antonino , Corrado Pasquale , Di Petta Paolo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing refers to a wide class of manufacturing processes based on the progressive building of functional parts through the addition of material layer upon layer. These technologies were first confined to prototyping, but the subsequent development of additive manufacturing processes for further materials, such as metals, has encouraged their worldwide industrial spread, from the biomedical field to the automotive and the aerospace industries. Additively manufactured parts are required to meet high and stable performance, at least comparable to that of conventional wrought materials, so as to comply with strict and well-defined international standards. This paper presents an investigation into the mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg parts produced by laser powder bed fusion technique, using different spatial orientations within the build volume. The effects of the part position and orientation on the static (tensile) properties of the produced parts were assessed by means of the two-way analysis of variance technique. The build angle was found to be the most effective parameter, while the variability ascribable to the effect of part position resulted mainly as physiological. The fatigue resistance showed a globally decreasing trend with increasing build angle.
The Joint of the Architect’s Hand
Authors: Rodrigues Carol-Anne 
Published: March 2019

In modern day architecture practice, the role of the hand in the design process has been displaced by the advent of new technology. There is an inherent desire in practice to rely fully on the computer, which within its digital parameters removes the direct connection of the architect’s hand from the creative process. To create meaningful architecture, it is imperative to understand that the relationship of the architect’s hand in the design process is as critical as the relationship of the architectural joint to the project. To understand the hand, I approached it architecturally and rigorously studied its form and structure. At the same time, I studied several sculptors and artists, such as Richard Serra, Eduardo Chillida, Robert Morris and Eva Hesse who concentrated on the process over the final product. I created section drawings of select pieces and analyzed them with hand motions to study their forms. With these analyses, I created a material joint that explored different ways to “hold” masses and “join” different materials. With my hand analyses and material joints, I have understood the level of the “joint” at different scales: from the hand that makes the architecture to the actual structure that holds architecture together.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PERKULIAHAN
Authors: Umami Nailariza 
Published: March 2019

Mentality is related to ways of thinking that have become habits, or habits of thought. And a habit, generally formed through habituation. Therefore mentality can be formed, by way of habituation and coaching. Efforts to refract and guide need to touch two factors at once: ways of thinking and the environment. And the educational environment is one way out to foster the character of the younger generation in a directed, programmed, and optimal way so that young people who are intelligent intellectual and moral quality can be formed. Planting character values that are integrated in lectures can be expected to be internalized in students. The courses taught are not just theoretical knowledge, but can also be shown in the form of behavior in preparation for The research steps are plan, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were students in the 4th semester Learning Planning lectures in the STKIP PGRI Tulungagung economic education department. The method of implementation is(1) conveying character values when delivering learning planning as a basis for completing tasks; (2) delivery of values associated with the content of learning planning material; and (3) monitoring internalization of values through interviews and weekly task consultations, assessment points include indicator hard work points in the form of consultative discipline and task quality, indicator collaboration points in the form of division of roles, communication, interactions, and initiatives in study groups. The results of the character education implementation study showed an increase towards the good behavior of students and able to improve student achievement. Learning achievement is considered as a side effect of character education in the learning process.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK DI RSUD RAA SOEWONDO PATI
Authors: Ernawati Aeda 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHLocal Regulation of Pati District No. 10 of 2014 states that the hospital is one of the smoke free areas. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of smoke-free area policy in RAA Soewondo Hospital, Pati District, focusing on program, implementation and targeted groups. This study used a qulitative approach that was conducted on February to August 2016. The number of informants was 12, consists of 2responsible employees for smoke-free-area implementation, 5 hospital employees, and 5 visitors. The data were collected through interview as well as observation and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the implementation of smoke-free area policy has not been optimized yet. Specific department that is responsible for policy implementation was not existed. Socialization and monitoring have been conducted although they were not optimal. The hospital has not had a guideline for punishment. The organization has not allocated specific budget for policy implementation. The participaton of targeted group was low. The organization might improve the participation of targeted groups by increasing the awareness regarding collective responsibility on the implementation of smoke-free area in the hospital. Moreover, the local government should accelerate the legalization of the guideline of free-smoke area policy. INDONESIARumah sakit merupakan salah satu kawasan tanpa rokok berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Pati No 10 Tahun 2014. Tujuan penelitian untuk menggambarkan implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Pati No 10 Tahun 2014 di RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati berdasarkan unsur pelaksana, program dan kelompok sasaran. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dilaksanakan pada bulan Pebruari sampai Agustus 2016. Informan berjumlah 12 orang terdiri 2 orang pegawai pelaksana kebijakan KTR, 5 orang karyawan dan 5 pengunjung. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan observasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan KTR di RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati sudah dilaksanakan, tetapi belum optimal. Belum ada bagian yang bertanggungjawab secara khusus terkait pelaksanaan kebijakan KTR. Program KTR berupa sosialisasi dan pengawasan sudah dilaksanakan tetapi belum efektif. Pemberian sanksi sulit dilaksanakan karena belum ada pedomannya. Belum ada anggaran khusus untuk program KTR. Peran serta kelompok sasaran masih rendah. Untuk itu perlu peningkatan partisipasi kelompok sasaran dengan meningkatkan pemahaman tentang tanggung jawab bersama dalam mewujudkan KTR di lingkungan rumah sakit. Peraturan Bupati tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan KTR di Kabupaten Pati perlu segera disahkan.
Management of cleft lip and palate in Egypt: A National survey
Authors: Abulezz Tarek Abdelhameed , Elsherbiny Ahmed K. , Mazeed Ahmed S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Variable protocols for the management of cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) patients are currently used. However, to our knowledge, there are no previously published data about cleft management and practice in Egypt. Materials and Methods: One-hundred questionnaires were distributed to cleft surgeons attending the annual meeting of the Egyptian Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons in March 2016 to investigate timing, techniques and complications of cleft surgery. Seventy-two colleagues returned the questionnaire, and the data were analysed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: The majority of cleft lip cases are repaired between 3 and 6 months. Millard and Tennison repairs for unilateral cleft lip, while Millard and Manchester techniques for bilateral cleft lip are the most commonly performed. Cleft palate is usually repaired between 9 and 12 months with the two-flap push-back technique being the most commonly used. The average palatal fistula rate is 20%. Pharyngeal flap is the method of choice to correct velopharyngeal incompetence. Polyglactin 910 is the most commonly used suture material in cleft surgery in the country. Multidisciplinary cleft management is reported only by 16.5% of participants. Conclusion: Management of CLP in Egypt is mainly dependent on personal preference, not on constitutional protocols. There is a lack of multidisciplinary approach and patients’ registration systems in the majority of centres. The establishment of cleft teams from the concerned medical specialties is highly recommended for a more efficient care of cleft patients.
Innovation strategies of Swiss firms: identification, dynamics and intra-industry heterogeneity
Authors: Hollenstein Heinz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The study aims at providing new evidence with respect to the still unresolved question, whether the innovation behaviour of firms reflects industry-specific characteristics (“technological regime approach”), or whether it is the outcome of firm-specific strategies to gaining a competitive edge (“strategic management view”). To this end, the author firstly identifies a set of innovation strategies (cluster analysis), whose adequacy he evaluates using the “economics of innovation” as reference. Secondly, the author investigates the dynamics of innovation strategies to get some insights into structural change of the economy. Thirdly, he examines, based on a large number of 4-digit industries, the intra-industry heterogeneity of innovation strategies. Finally, the author analyses in a production function framework the relative importance of a company’s innovation strategy and its industry affiliation as determinants of firm performance. The third part of the paper tends to support the “strategic management view” (high intraindustry heterogeneity), while the final one is rather in line with the “technological regime approach” (industry affiliation is more important as a factor determining firm performance). These opposite findings indicate that a company has a certain room of manoeuvre to choose an innovation strategy in line with its specific capabilities, but some structural characteristics at industry level restrict its strategic options.
Laser-induced fluorescence-based detection of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and comparison of different techniques during the PARADE 2011 field campaign
Authors: Javed Umar , Kubistin Dagmar , Martinez Monica , Pollmann Jan , Rudolf Markus , Parchatka Uwe , Reiffs Andreas , Thieser Jim , Schuster Gerhard , Horbanski Martin , Pöhler Denis , Crowley John N. , Fischer Horst , Lelieveld Jos , Harder Hartwig 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. GANDALF (Gas Analyzer for Nitrogen Dioxide Applying Laser-induced
Fluorescence), a new instrument for the detection of nitrogen dioxide based
on the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, is presented in this
paper. GANDALF is designed for ground-based and airborne deployment with a
robust calibration system. In the current set-up, it uses a multi-mode diode
laser (447–450 nm) and performs in situ, continuous, and autonomous
measurements with a laser pulse repetition rate of 5 MHz. The performance of
GANDALF was tested during the summer of year 2011 (15 August–10 September) in a
field experiment at Kleiner Feldberg, Germany. The location is within a
forested region with an urban influence, where NOx levels were between 0.12
and 22 parts per billion by volume (ppb). Based on the field results, the
limit of detection is estimated at 5–10 parts per trillion by volume
(ppt) in 60 s at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 2. The overall accuracy and
precision of the instrument are better than 5 % (1σ) and
0.5 %+3 ppt (1σ min−1), respectively. A comparison of
nitrogen dioxide measurements based on several techniques during the field
campaign PARADE 2011 is presented to explore methodic differences.
Citizen science in the marine environment: A case-study estimating common dolphin densities in the north-east Atlantic
Authors: Robbins James R , Babey Lucy , Embling Clare B 
Published: March 2019

Background. Citizen science is increasingly popular and has the potential to collect extensive datasets at lower costs than traditional surveys. Ferries have been used to collect data on cetacean populations for decades, providing long-term time series allowing for monitoring of cetacean populations. One cetacean species of concern is the common dolphin, which have been found stranded around the north-east Atlantic in recent years, with high numbers on French coasts being attributed to fisheries bycatch. We estimate common dolphin densities in north-east Atlantic and investigate the power of citizen science data to identify changes in marine mammal densities and areas of importance.
Materials & Methods. Data were collected by citizen scientists on ferries between April and October in 2006 - 2017. Common dolphin sightings data from two ferry routes in the Bay of Biscay (n= 569), Celtic Sea (n= 260), and English Channel (n= 75) were used to estimate detection probabilities with detection functions. Density Surface Models estimated density across ferry routes, accounting for the influence of environmental (chlorophyll a, sea surface temperature, depth, and slope), spatial (latitude and longitude) and temporal terms (year and Julian day).
Results. Overall detection probability was highest in the English Channel (0.384) and Bay of Biscay (0.348), and lowest in the Celtic Sea (0.158). Common dolphins were estimated to occur in higher densities in the Celtic Sea (0.400 per km) and the Bay of Biscay (0.319 per km), with low densities in the English Channel (0.025 per km). Densities in the Celtic Sea have been relatively stable on the ferry route since 2006 with a slight decrease in 2017. Densities peaked in the Bay of Biscay in 2013 with lower numbers since. The general trend in the English Channel is for increasing densities of common dolphins over time since 2009.
Discussion. This study highlights the effectiveness of citizen science data to investigate the distribution and density of cetaceans. The densities and temporal changes shown by this study are representative of those from wider-ranging robust estimates. We highlight the ability of citizen science to collect data over extensive periods of time which complements traditional surveys. Such long-term data are important to identify changes within a population; however, citizen science data may, in some situations, present challenges. We provide recommendations to ensure high-quality data which can be used to inform management and conservation of cetacean populations.
Climate change and conservation in a warm North American desert: effect in shrubby plants
Authors: Sosa Victoria , Loera Israel , Angulo Diego F. , Vásquez-Cruz Marilyn , Gándara Etelvina 
Published: March 2019

Background
Deserts are biologically rich habitats with a vast array of animals and plants adapted to xeric conditions, and most deserts are among the planet’s last remaining areas of total wilderness. Among North American deserts, the Chihuahuan Desert has the highest levels of diversity and endemism. To understand the effect of future climate change on plants distributed in this arid land and propose effective conservation planning, we focused on five endemic shrubby species that characterize the Chihuahuan Desert and used an integrative approach.

Methods
Ecological niche-based modeling, spatial genetics and ecological resistance analyses were carried out to identify the effect of global warming on the studied five shrubby species. Key areas that need to be preserved were identified taking into account the existing protected areas within the Chihuahuan Desert.

Results
The extent of future distribution will vary among these species, and on average expansion will occur in the western part of the Chihuahuan Desert. For most species low environmental resistance to gene flow was predicted, while higher future resistance was predicted for one species that would lead to increased population isolation. The highest haplotype diversity was identified in three hotspots. Based on future suitability of habitat and in the haplotype diversity we suggest preserving two hotspots of genetic diversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental, located in areas without protection. The third hotspot was detected in the well preserved Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Man and Biosphere Reserve.

Conclusion
Global climate change will have an effect in arid adapted plants, favoring expansion in the western of the Chihuahuan Desert however negatively affecting others with high ecological resistance disrupting gene flow. Two hotspots of genetic diversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental should be protected.
Proximate and Elemental Analysis of Three Medicinal Plants: Cuscuta reflexa, Cassia tora and Cassia fistula
Authors: Afrin Nahid Sajia , Tasnim Tarannum , Mousumy Meher Nigar , Hossain Md. Awlad , Siddique Md. Abu Bakar , Ahsan Md. Aminul , Akbor Md. Ahedul , Saha Koushik 
Published: March 2019

Aim: The current study explores the proximate and elemental contents of three different medicinal plants, namely Cuscuta reflexa (whole plant), Cassia tora (stem) and Cassia fistula (seed pot) that have been grown in Bangladesh.
Methodology: Macro (Na, K, Ca, Mg), micro (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr) and heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As) elements, present in C. reflexa (Whole plant), C. tora (stem), and C. fistula (seed pod) were analyzed quantitatively by flame photometer and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
Results: The minerals of the plants were found in substantial amounts (Na: 13763.75-16419.42 ppm, K: 6053.49-25864.92 ppm, Ca: 18912.16-2298.77 ppm, Mg: 1570.25-4602.23 ppm, Fe: 58.99-222.43 ppm, Cu: 3.16-11.61 ppm, Mn: 15.89-54.53 pm, Zn: 0.0367-50.2665 ppm, Ni: 0.9878-4.7186 ppm, Cr: 0.3279-0.8281 ppm, Pb: 0.3590-1.5030 ppm, Cd: 0.0016-0.0068 ppm and As: 0.0148-0.0675 ppm).
Conclusion: It is evident that the investigated medicinal plants are enriched in some macro and micro nutrient, such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe etc which are important for biological metabolism and human health. On the other hand the heavy metals are present in trace amount which indicate the plants are safe for medicinal uses.
Effect of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Leachate on Groundwater Quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Eseyin O. Olushola , Osu I. Charles 
Published: March 2019

Aims: This study was carried out to assess the effect of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) leachate on groundwater quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Cross-sectional study was conducted around two dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria on leachates and borehole water.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study of selected refuse dumpsite was conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria to assess the effect of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) leachate on groundwater quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrite ion, Phosphate ion, Sulphate ion, Chloride ion and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Cu) were determined by standard protocol of APHA (2012). The samples were analysed by three quality tools/indices such as the Water Quality Index (WQI), Contamination Factor (CF) and Contamination Degree (CD).
Results and Discussion: The result shows that some parameters in the borehole water did not meet the standards of World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), and most leachates and borehole water qualities near the un-engineered dumpsites are of poor quality. There was a decreasing trend in concentrations of hazardous contaminants from the leachate to nearby borehole water and eventually the distant borehole water. This shows that the leachates exert great effect on the concentrations of contaminants in the surrounding borehole waters and distant ones.
Conclusion: It is concluded that there is an increase in risk to the borehole and public health that is reported near the unengineered dumpsites; which can spread to other region on bioaccumulation. The result indicated that the dumpsite leachate is producing many potent contaminants to the environment and to the people nearby.
An Analysis of Managerial Challenges of Affiliated Credit Unions to Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL)
Authors: Buwah Neba Noela , Joyvice Chofor 
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study seeks to analyse the managerial challenges that affiliated Credit Unions to Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL) are exposed to. The prevalence of Credit Unions with limited managerial capacities in most Cameroonian communities both in rural and urban areas invites corporate parenting from bigger support and supervisory organizations like CamCCUL. This parenting relationship between CamCCUL and her affiliates presumes superior managerial capabilities to affiliates which in most cases is a misplaced expectation. This is prompted by the fact that these institutions affect a multitude of lives both directly and indirectly. The Agency and Stakeholder theories served as foundation.
Study Design: The study adopted a survey and causal exploratory design with both qualitative and quantitative parameters. The focus of the researcher was to explore managerial challenges from the managers themselves and members of credit unions who are better placed to gauge the effectiveness of managerial actions in terms of the service they receive.
Place and Duration: This study was conducted between April 2016 and November 2018, involving 138 of the 210 Credit Unions operating mostly in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.
Methodology: The major instrument for data collection was questionnaire and a pilot study of 50 copies was carried out across various Chapters of CamCCUL. With a population of 210, a stratified sample of 138 was obtained using the Taro Yamane Formula.The primary data was tested to be reliable with a 0.701 consistency coefficient using Cronbach alpha. The study employed Chi-Square as a tool of analysis to measure Credit Unions’ affiliation to CamCCUL and specific Managerial Challenges.
Findings: The findings revealed that affiliate Credit Unions to face numerous managerial challenges ranging from structural to resources deficiencies. The most alarming of these problems were the lack of autonomy to take managerial decisions and threats from CamCCUL supervisors.
Conclusion: The study concluded that CamCCUL as a league is not operating solely to achieve its mission and has rather kept its affiliated Credit Unions in a tight corner. The researchers recommended that the regulating authorities should render Credit Unions more autonomous where possible. Additionally, there should be well-structured and comprehensive governance policies for the management of all affiliated Credit Unions to comply with.