bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising Atmospheric CO2 Lowers Concentrations of Plant Carotenoids Essential to Human Health: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Loladze Irakli , Nolan John M. , Ziska Lewis H. , Knobbe Amy R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlant and human tissues (e.g., leaves, retina) share the need for carotenoids to protect against light‐induced and other oxidative stresses. While plants synthesize carotenoids de novo, humans must obtain them primarily through plant‐based foods. In plants, elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) decrease the concentrations of essential minerals, including magnesium and zinc (essential for brain and eye health), but the overall effect of globally rising CO2 levels on carotenoids is unknown. Here, investigation is sought on how eCO2 affects carotenoids in plants. A meta‐analysis of 1026 experimental observations from 37 studies shows that eCO2 decreases plant carotenoid concentrations by 15% (95% CI: −26% to −6%). The meta‐analysis of available gene expression data for Arabidopsis thaliana points to a potential CO2‐induced downregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis (Log2 fold‐change −13%, 95% CI: −17% to −9%). Some other stoichiometric and biochemical mechanisms related to CO2‐induced changes in carotenoids are also highlighted. While overall eCO2 decreases carotenoid concentrations, individual CO2 studies report variable responses, including increases in carotenoid levels, especially in abiotically stressed plants. The initial assessment raises a novel question about the potential effects of rising CO2 on human health through its global effect on plant carotenoids.
Application of the proposed eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union of International Cancer Control esophageal cancer staging system in esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Wen‐cheng , Zhang Bao‐zhong , Zhang Hua‐lei , Zhang Jia‐qi , Pang Qing‐song , Wang Ping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union of International Cancer Control esophageal cancer staging system was proposed in early 2018. The eighth edition staging system includes clinical staging, pathological staging, and neoadjuvant pathological staging, which fills in the blank of non‐operative staging of esophageal cancer. However, there are few reports on the eighth edition of clinical staging, and the purpose of the present study was to verify the prognostic value of the new American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging system for esophageal cancer patients who undergo radical radiation therapy.MethodsA total of 544 patients with esophageal cancer from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between March 2010 and September 2016 were staged according to the eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging system. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate of the patients. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.ResultsAll the patients were divided into different groups by the eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical tumor–node–metastasis staging system: 40 patients with T2; 157 patients with T3; 347 patients with T4; 132 patients with N0; 193 patients with N1; 172 patients with N2; 47 patients with N3; 81 patients with stage II; 102 patients with state III; and 361 patients with stage IVA. The 3‐year survival rates of stage T2, stage T3, and stage T4 were 60.1%, 45.6%, and 30.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 3‐year survival rates of stage N0, stage N1, stage N2, and stage N3 were 48.2%, 40.7%, 29.4%, and 17.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 3‐year survival rates of stage II, stage III, and stage IVA were 59.3%, 40.1%, and 31.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). In univariate analysis, age, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, T stage, N stage, Karnofsky marking system, the sixth edition staging system and the eighth edition staging system were important prognostic factors in univariate analyses. In multivariate analysis, concurrent chemotherapy and N stage were important prognostic factors.ConclusionsBased on the data from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, the eighth edition clinical staging system had a better predictive ability for esophageal cancer patients who underwent radical radiation therapy.
On a method for solving a local boundary problem for a nonlinear stationary system with perturbations in the class of piecewise constant controls
Authors: Kvitko Alexander N. , Maksina Alla M. , Chistyakov Sergey V. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe wide class of nonlinear stationary systems of ordinary differential equations taking into account restrictions on control and external perturbation is considered. An algorithm for constructing a discrete control function that guarantees the transfer of the systems from the initial state to the origin and an arbitrary neighborhood of the origin is proposed. A constructive sufficient condition of the Kalman type, in which the specified translation is possible, is obtained. The problem of robot‐manipulator control is considered and its numerical simulation is carried out.
Phenotypic Drug Screening for Dysferlinopathy Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Kokubu Yuko , Nagino Tomoko , Sasa Katsunori , Oikawa Tatsuo , Miyake Katsuya , Kume Akiko , Fukuda Mikiko , Fuse Hiromitsu , Tozawa Ryuichi , Sakurai Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a progressive muscle disorder that includes limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi myopathy (MM). It is caused by mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene, whose function is to reseal the muscular membrane. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 has been shown to increase misfolded dysferlin in fibroblasts, allowing them to recover their membrane resealing function. Here, we developed a screening system based on myocytes from MM patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. According to the screening, nocodazole was found to effectively increase the level of dysferlin in cells, which, in turn, enhanced membrane resealing following injury by laser irradiation. Moreover, the increase was due to microtubule disorganization and involved autophagy rather than the proteasome degradation pathway. These findings suggest that increasing the amount of misfolded dysferlin using small molecules could represent an effective future clinical treatment for dysferlinopathy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1017–1029
Efficient Removal of U(VI) Using Functionalized Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Wang Fuxiang , Li Chengyang , Yang Weiting , Dou Weixin , Niu Cheng , Liu Yanfeng , Pan Qinhe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe capture and recycle uranium from wastewater is very important for the environmental protection and sustainable nuclear energy development. In this work, functionalized hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres bearing aminopropyl and Schiff base groups, abbreviated as HMSNs‐NH2 and HMSNs‐SA, respectively, were prepared for the removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution. The effects of solution pH, adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherms, as well as the presence of competing metal ions on the uranium adsorption onto the two adsorbents were investigated in detail. It was found that both adsorbents showed largely enhanced adsorption capacity and good selectivity towards U(VI) than unfunctionalized HMSNs. The maximum adsorption capacities reach 499.72 mg/g for HMSNs‐NH2 and 317.29 mg/g for HMSNs‐SA, which are at a high level compared with the reported functionalized mesoporous silica materials. Furthermore, both adsorbents can rapidly remove uranium with the removal rate more than 97% from tap water and 85% from seawater with injected uranium of 5 ppm. The findings of the present work provide new actinide adsorbents by combining organic ligands with hollow mesoporous matrixes.
2D Molecular Crystal Bilayer p–n Junctions: A General Route toward High‐Performance and Well‐Balanced Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhu Xiaoting , Zhang Yu , Ren Xiangwei , Yao Jiarong , Guo Siyu , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Dong , Wang Guangwei , Zhang Xiaotao , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmbipolar organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are vital for the construction of high‐performance all‐organic digital circuits. The bilayer p–n junction structure, which is composed of separate layers of p‐ and n‐type organic semiconductors, is considered a promising way to realize well‐balanced ambipolar charge transport. However, this approach suffers from severely reduced mobility due to the rough interface between the polycrystalline thin films of p‐ and n‐type organic semiconductors. Herein, 2D molecular crystal (2DMC) bilayer p–n junctions are proposed to construct high‐performance and well‐balanced ambipolar OFETs. The molecular‐scale thickness of the 2DMC ensures high injection efficiency and the atomically flat surface of the 2DMC leads to high‐quality p‐ and n‐layer interfaces. Moreover, by controlling the layer numbers of the p‐ and n‐type 2DMCs, the electron and hole mobilities are tuned and well‐balanced ambipolar transport is accomplished. The hole and electron mobilities reach up to 0.87 and 0.82 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, which are the highest values among organic single‐crystalline double‐channel OFETs measured in ambient air. This work provides a general route to construct high‐performance and well‐balanced ambipolar OFETs based on available unipolar materials.
Bond behavior of reinforcement embedded in steel fiber reinforced concrete under chloride attack
Authors: Hou Lijun , Ye Ziyao , Zhou Bingxuan , Shen Chun , Aslani Farhad , Chen Da 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBonding between rebar and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) has a major effect on reinforced SFRC members exposed to chloride environments where both steel fiber and reinforcement are subjected to corrosion damage. This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of corrosion on the bond behavior of reinforcement and SFRC. The test parameters include corrosion ratio, fiber fraction, and cover thickness‐rebar diameter ratio (c/d). Failure patterns, bond‐slip curves, and bond strength were compared. Increasing fiber fraction and c/d ratio enhanced bond strength and residual bond strength through improved confinement by the surrounding SFRC. With increasing corrosion, bond strength at first retained its initial strength or increased slightly and then reduced at corrosion ratios beyond 6–8.88%. A bond strength model is proposed which considers the combined effect of corrosion ratio, fiber fraction, and c/d ratio.
Viability of recalcitrant Araucaria angustifolia seeds in storage and in a soil seed bank
Authors: Gasparin Ezequiel , Faria José M. R. , José Anderson C. , Tonetti Olivia A. O. , de Melo Rodrigo A. , Hilhorst Henk W. M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is a representative species of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome of Brazil. The development of a germplasm conservation protocol for long-term seed bank storage is compromised for this species, as it is sensitive to desiccation. Furthermore, in situ establishment of a soil seed bank in its natural habitat may be limited. This study evaluates the storability of two provenances of A. angustifolia seeds and their behavior in an artificial soil seed bank in two forest environments (understory and edge). Results show that both seed provenances may be stored at 5 °C for approximately 12 months, retaining high viability. The subsequent decrease in germination was associated with a reduction and an increase in seed water content, as well as with increased electrical conductivity. In the understory environment, seed viability was above 85% for the first 60 days, and at the end of the experiment (270 days), seedlings emerged. However, at the forest edge, there was a total loss of seed viability after 120 days associated with a reduction in water content and high predation. It is concluded, therefore, that short-term storage of A. angustifolia seeds is possible in a cold room, which is fundamental to supply seed demand outside the production period. Forest cover conservation is important for regeneration and conservation of the species.
Perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale at the beginning of the 8th decade of life: effect on cognition and associations with mineral deposition
Authors: Valdés Hernández Maria del C. , Ballerini Lucia , Glatz Andreas , Muñoz Maniega Susana , Gow Alan J. , Bastin Mark E. , Starr John M. , Deary Ian J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Brain iron deposits (IDs) are indicative of microvessel dysfunction which may predispose to small vessel disease (SVD) brain damage and worsen cognition later in life. Visible perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale (CSO-PVS) are SVD features linked with microvessel dysfunction. We examined possible associations of CSO-PVS volume and count with brain IDs and cognitive abilities in 700 community-dwelling individuals from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 who underwent detailed cognitive testing and multimodal brain MRI at mean age 72.7 years. Brain IDs were assessed automatically followed by manual editing. PVS were automatically assessed in the centrum semiovale and deep corona radiata supraventricular. General factors of overall cognitive function (g), processing speed (g-speed) and memory (g-memory) were used in the analyses. Median (IQR) volumes of IDs and CSO-PVS expressed as a percentage of intracranial volume were 0.0021 (0.011) and 0.22 (0.13)% respectively. Median count of CSO-PVS was 410 (IQR = 201). Total volumes of CSO-PVS and ID, adjusted for head size, were correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.13, p < 0.001). CSO-PVS volume, despite being correlated with all three cognitive measures, was only associated with g-memory (B = -114.5, SE = 48.35, p = 0.018) in general linear models, adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, childhood intelligence and white matter hyperintensity volume. The interaction of CSO-PVS count with diabetes (B = -0.0019, SE = 0.00093, p = 0.041) and volume with age (B = 1.57, SE = 0.67, p = 0.019) were also associated with g-memory. Linear regression models did not replicate these associations. Therefore, it does not seem that CSO-PVS burden is directly associated with general cognitive ability in older age.
Trait procrastination undermines outcome and efficacy expectancies for achieving health-related possible selves
Authors: Sirois Fuschia M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeople often fail at following through with their health behaviour goals. How health goals are cognitively represented holds promise for understanding successful health behaviour change. Health-related possible selves (HPS) reflect cognitive representations of a future self that people may wish to achieve (hoped-for-HPS) or avoid (feared-HPS), that can promote health behaviour change. However, success depends on the strength of the efficacy and outcome expectancies for achieving/avoiding the HPS. Personality traits linked to poor self-regulation are often not considered when assessing the potential self-regulatory functions of HPS. The current study addressed this issue by examining the associations of trait procrastination with efficacy and outcome expectancies for hoped-for-HPS and feared-HPS, and health behaviour change intentions and motivations in a community sample (N = 191) intending to make healthy changes in the next 6 months. Trait procrastination was associated with weaker intentions and motivations for health behaviour change, and lower efficacy and outcome expectancies for hoped-for-HPS, but not feared-HPS. Bootstrapped multiple mediation analysis found significant indirect effects of procrastination on health behaviour intentions, through outcome, but not efficacy, expectancies for hoped-for-HPS. Results suggest that issues in imagining a hoped-for-HPS can be achieved are linked to weak intentions for health behaviour change for those with chronic self-regulation difficulties. Research into interventions that strengthen feeling connected to hoped-for-HPS is recommended.
Bioinformatics strategy to advance the interpretation of Alzheimer's disease GWAS discoveries: The roads from association to causation
Authors: Lutz Michael W. , Sprague Daniel , Chiba‐Falek Ornit 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) discovered multiple late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD)‐associated SNPs and inferred the genes based on proximity; however, the actual causal genes are yet to be identified.MethodsWe defined LOAD‐GWAS regions by the most significantly associated SNP ±0.5 Mb and developed a bioinformatics pipeline that uses and integrates chromatin state segmentation track to map active enhancers and virtual 4C software to visualize interactions between active enhancers and gene promoters. We augmented our pipeline with biomedical and functional information.ResultsWe applied the bioinformatics pipeline using three ∼1 Mb LOAD‐GWAS loci: BIN1, PICALM, CELF1. These loci contain 10–24 genes, an average of 106 active enhancers and 80 CTCF sites. Our strategy identified all genes corresponding to the promoters that interact with the active enhancer that is closest to the LOAD‐GWAS‐SNP and generated a shorter list of prioritized candidate LOAD genes (5‐14/loci), feasible for post‐GWAS investigations of causality.DiscussionInterpretation of LOAD‐GWAS discoveries requires the integration of brain‐specific functional genomic data sets and information related to regulatory activity.
Using data science to diagnose and characterize heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ang Ting F.A. , An Ning , Ding Huitong , Devine Sherral , Auerbach Sanford H. , Massaro Joseph , Joshi Prajakta , Liu Xue , Liu Yulin , Mahon Elizabeth , Au Rhoda , Lin Honghuang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite the availability of age‐ and education‐adjusted standardized scores for most neuropsychological tests, there is a lack of objective rules in how to interpret multiple concurrent neuropsychological test scores that characterize the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease.MethodsUsing neuropsychological test scores of 2091 participants from the Framingham Heart Study, we devised an automated algorithm that follows general diagnostic criteria and explores the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease.ResultsWe developed a series of stepwise diagnosis rules that evaluate information from multiple neuropsychological tests to produce an intuitive and objective Alzheimer's disease dementia diagnosis with more than 80% accuracy.DiscussionA data‐driven stepwise diagnosis system is useful for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from neuropsychological tests. It demonstrated better performance than the traditional dichotomization of individuals' performance into satisfactory and unsatisfactory outcomes, making it more reflective of dementia as a spectrum disorder. This algorithm can be applied to both within clinic and outside‐of‐clinic settings.
In-Field Digital Photography and the Curation of Associated Records: Not All Prints Are Created Equal
Authors: Knoll Michelle K. , Carver-Kubik A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the advent of commercially available digital cameras in the late 1990s resulting in the near-exclusion of analog photographic prints today, most archaeological repositories around the world have a mix of analog and digital photographic prints. That ratio is increasingly moving toward digital print processes, of which there are several types. To minimize the loss of image quality, collection managers must become familiar with the unique curation challenges of photographic prints from digitally created images. Likewise, creators of digital content must be aware that choices made when selecting a print process for reposit will have a direct effect on image and print permanence. Site photographs are critical evidence of archaeological activity, and so the preservation of digital prints is in the interest, and is the responsibility, of collection managers and archaeologists alike.
Predictors of successful weight loss with relative maintenance of fat-free mass in individuals with overweight and obesity on an 8-week low-energy diet
Authors: Hansen Thea Toft , Hjorth Mads Fiil , Sandby Karoline , Andersen Sarah Vold , Astrup Arne , Ritz Christian , Bulló Mònica , Camacho-Barcía Maria Lucia , García-Gavilán Jesús Francisco , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Harrold Joanne A. , Halford Jason C.G. , Sjödin Anders 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA low-energy diet (LED) is an effective approach to induce a rapid weight loss in individuals with overweight. However, reported disproportionally large losses of fat-free mass (FFM) after an LED trigger the question of adequate protein content. Additionally, not all individuals have the same degree of weight loss success. After an 8-week LED providing 5020 kJ/d for men and 4184 kJ/d for women (84/70 g protein/d) among overweight and obese adults, we aimed to investigate the relationship between protein intake relative to initial FFM and proportion of weight lost as FFM as well as the individual characteristics associated with weight loss success. We assessed all outcomes baseline and after the LED. A total of 286 participants (sixty-four men and 222 women) initiated the LED of which 82 % completed and 70 % achieved a substantial weight loss (defined as ≥8 %). Protein intake in the range 1·0–1·6 g protein/d per kg FFM at baseline for men and 1·1–2·2 g protein/d per kg FFM at baseline for women was not associated with loss of FFM (P = 0·632). Higher Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) hunger at baseline and reductions in TFEQ disinhibition and hunger during the LED were associated with larger weight loss (all P ≤ 0·020); whereas lower sleep quality at baseline predicted less successful weight loss using intention to treat analysis (P = 0·021), possibly driven by those dropping out (n 81, P = 0·067 v. completers: n 198, P = 0·659). Thus, the protein intakes relative to initial FFM were sufficient for maintenance of FFM and specific eating behaviour characteristics were associated with weight loss success.
Conscription by Capture in the Wa State of Myanmar: Acquaintances, Anonymity, Patronage, and the Rejection of Mutuality
Authors: Steinmüller Hans 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCapturing people, sometimes by taking relatives hostage, is a common practice for purposes of conscription and law enforcement in the Wa State of Myanmar. Given the unreliability of the local census, as well as the relative weakness of civil government, and registration in a de facto state governed by an insurgent army, the personal politics of capture provides a functional equivalent to state legibility. This personal politics operates based on the reorganization of personal networks between representatives of the military state and ordinary people: first, circles of acquaintances within the military state that provide access to local knowledge, and second, relationships of patronage formed on the basis of those new acquaintanceships, as well as connections of kinship and co-residence. Conscription by capture, however, also requires anonymity; that is, the passive non-recognition of mutuality with strangers and the active refusal of mutuality with acquaintances. This article describes the historical emergence of networks of acquaintances and relationships of patronage as a combination of Maoist state-building and local institutions of war capture and adoption. It demonstrates how conscription by capture relies on relationships of acquaintances and non-recognition, as well as on patronage and the refusal of mutuality. The politics of conscription by capture are contrasted with conscription in imperial states and contemporary nation-states.