bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Translation and Cultural Appropriateness of Spanish‐Language Consent Materials for Biobanks
Authors: Brelsford Kathleen M. , Ruiz Ernesto , Hammack Catherine M. , Beskow Laura M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA growing proportion of prospective research participants in the United States speak limited or no English. We conducted cognitive interviews with native Spanish speakers to test Spanish‐language translations of simplified and traditional biobank consent forms. Comprehension was generally high and did not differ by form. Most of those who received the simplified form felt it contained the right amount of information, compared with fewer than half of those who received the traditional form. Qualitative results allowed us to identify overarching issues related to tone, formality, and voice that may affect prospective participants’ trust and willingness to participate. Certain characteristics of written Spanish are seemingly at odds with recommended actions to simplify consent forms; thus, even when significant empirical effort has been expended to develop simplified consent materials in English, additional work is needed to ensure the accuracy, comprehensibility, and cultural‐congruence of Spanish‐language translations.
Seasonal shifts in feeding patterns: Individual and population realized specialization in a high Arctic fish
Authors: Cusa Marine , Berge Jørgen , Varpe Øystein 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpecies with a broad and flexible diet may be at an advantage in a rapidly changing environment such as in today's Arctic ecosystems. Polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an abundant and ecologically important circumpolar Arctic fish, is often described as a zooplankton generalist feeder, which suggests that it may cope successfully with changes in prey composition. This description is justified based on the relatively broad diet of polar cod across sites and seasons. In this case study, we used polar cod dietary data from fall and winter and from two distinct environments, dominated either by Arctic or Atlantic water masses in Svalbard. Our results point to the importance of time and space when drawing conclusions on dietary plasticity and degree of specialization. Polar cod diet differed significantly between fall and the winter and between Arctic and Atlantic domains. Polar cod from Arctic domains displayed a strong realized population specialization onThemisto libellulain fall, and the larger dietary niche width observed in the winter was the product of realized individual specialization, with increased feeding on fish prey. Overall, we did not observe a generalized feeding behavior. If dietary niche width is to inform conservation management, we argue it must be recognized that populations from a single species may adopt seasonally contrasting degrees of dietary specialization and that these populations may differ in their vulnerability to climate‐induced changes in prey community composition.
Summary statistic analyses can mistake confounding bias for heritability
Authors: Holmes John B. , Speed Doug , Balding David J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTLinkage disequilibrium SCore regression (LDSC) has become a popular approach to estimate confounding bias, heritability, and genetic correlation using only genome‐wide association study (GWAS) test statistics. SumHer is a newly introduced alternative with similar aims. We show using theory and simulations that both approaches fail to adequately account for confounding bias, even when the assumed heritability model is correct. Consequently, these methods may estimate heritability poorly if there was an inadequate adjustment for confounding in the original GWAS analysis. We also show that the choice of a summary statistic for use in LDSC or SumHer can have a large impact on resulting inferences. Further, covariate adjustments in the original GWAS can alter the target of heritability estimation, which can be problematic for test statistics from a meta‐analysis of GWAS with different covariate adjustments.
Association of vitamin D genetic pathway with asthma susceptibility in the Kurdish population
Authors: Nasiri‐Kalmarzi Rasoul , Abdi Mohammad , Hosseini Javad , Tavana Somayeh , Mokarizadeh Aram , Rahbari Rezgar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D (Vit D) function in asthma progression has been studied well. The effects of genetic variations in Vit D pathway molecules have been also studied, although the results are contradicted. In the present study, for the first time we examined the Vit D pathway molecules included serum Vit D and vitamin D‐binding protein (VDBP) and also genetic variations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and VDBP in a Kurdish population with asthma.MethodsAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the serum Vit D and VDBP. VDR rs1544410 and rs2228570 and VDBP rs7041 were assessed by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP).ResultsThe serum level of Vit D significantly decreased in asthmatic patients versus controls (16.26 ± 6.76 vs 23.05 ± 10.57 ng/mL, P value = .001). We observed an indirect correlation between Vit D and clinical findings. We also found an increased level of serum VDBP in patients as compared to the controls (1044.6 ± 310.82 vs 545.95 ± 121.73 µg/mL, P value < .0001). Besides, the risk of asthma progression was increased in patients with the VDR rs2228570 CC and VDBP rs7041 GG genotypes (OR = 3.56, P = .0382 and OR = 2.58, P = .01, respectively).ConclusionIn summary, our results explain the influence of the genetic variations in VDR and VDBP in addition to Vit D and VDBP serum concentrations on asthma susceptibility in the Kurdish population.
MTSS1 hypermethylation is associated with prostate cancer progression
Authors: Chen Junjie , Huang Liang , Zhu Quan , Wang Zhao , Tang Zhengyan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the influence of DNA methylation of metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) on prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Forty‐nine paired PCa tissue samples and normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed. Methylome analysis, CpG island arrays and Hierarchical clustering were used to analyze methylation profiles of PCa tissues. MTSS1 methylation level was detected by methylation‐specific PCR. Relative messenger RNA and the expression level of MTSS1 protein were identified by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis. The migration, invasion, proliferation, and cell cycle were detected separately by wound‐healing assay, transwell chamber assay, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry. The roles of MTSS1 in PCa progression were demonstrated in vivo by tumor formation assays in nude mice. MTSS1 expression was decreased in PCa tissues in comparison with paired adjacent normal prostate tissues. Compared to the methylation of MTSS1 in normal prostate tissues based on the MethHC website, the MTSS1 in PCa tissues was hypermethylated. The expression of MTSS1 detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis was found to be downregulated in PCa cells and tissues. The reduced expression of MTSS1 by small interfering RNA‐MTSS1 was recovered by 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine treatment. Besides, MTSS1 demethylation inhibited migration, invasion, and proliferation of PCa cells, and induced cell cycle to be arrested at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, it was shown by tumor xenograft assay that MTSS1 inhibited the growth of tumor in vivo. Hypermethylated MTSS1 promoted PCa cells migration, invasion, and proliferation, and suppressed cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
YAP/TEAD3 signal mediates cardiac lineage commitment of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Han Zhenbo , Yu Ying , Cai Benzhi , Xu Zihang , Bao Zhengyi , Zhang Ying , Bamba Djibril , Ma Wenya , Gao Xinlu , Yuan Ye , Zhang Lai , Yu Meixi , Liu Shenzhen , Yan Gege , Jin Mengyu , Huang Qi , Wang Xiuxiu , Hua Bingjie , Yang Fan , Pan Zhenwei , Liang Haihai , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCardiomyocytes differentiated from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great potential for therapy of heart diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of its cardiac differentiation have not been fully elucidated. Hippo‐YAP signal pathway plays important roles in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ size. Here, we identify the role of Hippo‐YAP signal pathway in determining cardiac differentiation fate of hiPSCs. We found that cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs were significantly inhibited after treatment with verteporfin (a selective and potent YAP inhibitor). During hiPSCs differentiation from mesoderm cells (MESs) into cardiomyocytes, verteporfin treatment caused the cells retained in the earlier cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) stage. Interestingly, during hiPSCs differentiation from CVPC into cardiomyocytes, verteporfin treatment induced cells dedifferentiation into the earlier CVPC stage. Mechanistically, we found that YAP interacted with transcriptional enhanced associate domain transcription factor 3 (TEAD3) to regulate cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs during the CVPC stage. Consistently, RNAi‐based silencing of TEAD3 mimicked the phenotype as the cells treated with verteporfin. Collectively, our study suggests that YAP‐TEAD3 signaling is important for cardiomyocyte differentiation of hiPSCs. Our findings provide new insight into the function of Hippo‐YAP signal in cardiovascular lineage commitment.
Pharmacokinetic Drug‐Drug Interactions Between Trospium Chloride and Ranitidine Substrates of Organic Cation Transporters in Healthy Human Subjects
Authors: Abebe Bayew Tsega , Weiss Michael , Modess Christiane , Tadken Tobias , Wegner Danilo , Meyer Marleen J. , Schwantes Ulrich , Neumeister Claudia , Scheuch Eberhard , Schulz Hans‐Ulrich , Tzvetkov Mladen , Siegmund Werner 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTrospium chloride, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is poorly absorbed with different rates from areas in the jejunum and the cecum/ascending colon. To evaluate whether organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1 and MATE2‐K are involved in pharmacokinetics, competitions with ranitidine, a probe inhibitor of the cation transporters, were evaluated in transfected HEK293 cells. Furthermore, a drug interaction study with trospium chloride after intravenous (2 mg) and oral dosing (30 mg) plus ranitidine (300 mg) was performed in 12 healthy subjects and evaluated by noncompartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic modeling. Ranitidine inhibited OCT1, OCT2, MATE1, and MATE2‐K with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 186 ± 25 µM, 482 ± 105 µM, 134 ± 37 µM, and 35 ± 11 µM, respectively. In contrast to our hypothesis, coadministration of ranitidine did not significantly decrease oral absorption of trospium. Instead, renal clearance was lowered by ∼15% (530 ± 99 vs 460 ± 120 mL/min; P < .05). It is possible that ranitidine was not available in competitive concentrations at the major colonic absorption site, as the inhibitor is absorbed in the small intestine and undergoes degradation by microbiota. The renal effects apparently result from inhibition of MATE1 and/or MATE2‐K by ranitidine as predicted by in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. However, all pharmacokinetic changes were not of clinical relevance for the drug with highly variable pharmacokinetics. Intravenous trospium significantly lowered mean absorption time and relative bioavailability of ranitidine, which was most likely caused by muscarinic receptor blocking effects on intestinal motility and water turnover.
Intellectual functioning in alpha‐mannosidosis
Authors: Cathey Sara S. , Sarasua Sara M. , Simensen Richard , Pietris Katie , Kimbrell Gordon , Sillence David , Wilson Callum , Horowitz Lucia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlpha‐mannosidosis is a rare inherited metabolic disorder (OMIM #248500) caused by mutations in the enzyme α‐mannosidase encoded by the gene MAN2B1. Patients have distinct physical and developmental features, but only limited information regarding standardized cognitive functioning of patients has been published. Here we contribute intellectual ability scores (IQ) on 12 patients with alpha‐mannosidosis (ages 8‐59 years, 10 males, 2 females). In addition, a pooled analysis was performed with data collected from this investigation and 31 cases obtained from the literature, allowing a comprehensive analysis of intellectual functioning in this rare disease. The initial and pooled analyses show that patients with alpha‐mannosidosis have variable degrees of intellectual disability but show decline in IQ with age, particularly during the first decade of life. Patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation tend to show stabilized cognitive abilities.
Evaluation of a home medicines review program at an Aboriginal Medical Service in the Northern Territory
Authors: Deidun Danielle , Ali Mohammed , Madden Angela , O'Brien Margaret 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe home medicines review (HMR) program aims to achieve quality use of medicines. In 2009, the model of HMR provision at Danila Dilba Health Service (DDHS) in Darwin was adjusted to include the services of a dedicated consultant pharmacist and an expanded role for an Aboriginal Health Worker (AHW) in the HMR process.AimThis study evaluated a unique program providing HMRs to Indigenous clients of DDHS.MethodsA retrospective review of HMRs was conducted for clients at DDHS between December 2009 and December 2010 to determine relevant time frames between HMR activities, reasons for referral, issues identified by the pharmacist, education provided, recommendations and uptake of recommendations. Awareness and attitudes to the program among general practitioners (GPs), AHWs, and pharmacists were also evaluated using a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsSixty‐four HMRs were conducted. Thirty‐nine (61%) follow‐up appointments were documented and 30 Medicare claims made. The average time between referral and follow‐up was 66 days. For most HMRs, more than one reason for referral was identified. In all, 348 issues were identified, 256 educational activities undertaken and 379 recommendations made. Fifty‐two per cent of recommendations were implemented. Attitudes to the HMR program were positive. Common themes included the importance of cultural safety, particularly the inclusion of an AHW in HMR activities and difficulties associated with the follow‐up of patients.ConclusionUptake of recommendations for improvements in the quality of documentation, GP follow‐up and the referral system will enhance the HMR service at DDHS.
Protein electrophoresis in Andean condors (Vultur gryphus): Reference values and differences between wild and rehabilitating individuals
Authors: Plaza Pablo I. , Blanco Guillermo , Barbar Facundo , Wiemeyer Guillermo , Alarcón Pablo , Donázar José Antonio , Hiraldo Fernando , Lambertucci Sergio A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study of wildlife health greatly contributes to understanding population dynamics and detecting conservation threats. The determination of the different fractions of plasma proteins (proteinogram) is an important laboratory tool to study wildlife health. The aim of this study was to characterize protein electrophoresis in wild Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) from north‐western Patagonia and to evaluate differences according to age and sex classes. Once reference values of wild, apparently healthy individuals, were established, we compared these values to those of individuals received at the Buenos Aires Zoo in Argentina for rehabilitation due to various health problems. Reference proteinograms from wild Andean condors differed only in the α 1 and β 2‐fractions between sex categories. Males showed higher concentrations of these protein fractions than females. We found clear differences between wild birds and rehabilitating individuals. Total proteins, globulins, α 1‐globulins, total α‐globulins, β 2‐globulins, total β‐globulins, and γ‐globulins were significantly higher in rehabilitating than in wild individuals, whereas albumin, α 2, and β1‐globulins were similar between these groups. The albumin/globulin ratio, as a general indicator of health, was significantly lower in rehabilitating than in wild individuals. The results indicate the effects on different protein fractions of pathologic processes occurring in individuals undergoing rehabilitation. Our results provide useful insights, contributing to improving diagnoses and prognoses in this species. This information may also be useful to assess the health status of Andean condors in studies of wild populations and for comparisons with other bird species.
Juvenile morphology of the large Antarctic canopy-forming brown alga, Desmarestia menziesii J. Agardh
Authors: Küpper Frithjof C. , Amsler Charles D. , Morley Simon , de Reviers Bruno , Reichardt Aurelia , Peck Lloyd S. , Peters Akira F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor many types of seaweeds in Polar Regions, open questions remain about how their life cycle contributes to their overall adaptation to the extreme abiotic environment. This applies in particular to the major canopy-forming brown algae in much of the Antarctic Peninsula of the genusDesmarestia, which was investigated here. Diving surveys around Rothera Research Station (Adelaide Island, Antarctica) during December 2017–February 2018 revealed the widespread presence of a hitherto-unknown life form ofDesmarestiasp. of a tender, feather-like morphology. Further studies explored whether this could be (1) a new, hitherto undescribedDesmarestiaspecies (2) a new record for the region of a knownDesmarestiaspecies previously recorded elsewhere or (3) a so-far unknown life form of a species recorded for the region. Collections enabled the extraction of PCR-friendly DNA and sequencing of ITS1, which unambiguously showed that the samples belonged toDesmarestia menziesii, the onlyDesmarestiaspecies presently recorded for the Adelaide Island/Marguerite Bay region. The presence of the juvenile morphology was subsequently confirmed throughout much of the natural range ofD. menziesiiduring cruise-based diving surveys along the Western Antarctic Peninsula in 2019 and from collections at Anvers Island in 1989. Our collections thus constitute its juvenile morphology, which is not previously documented in the literature. The wider significance for the Polar seaweeds is discussed in the context of Taxonomy and Ecology.
Flexible device compositions and dynamic resource sharing in PCIe interconnected clusters using Device Lending
Authors: Markussen Jonas , Kristiansen Lars Bjørlykke , Borgli Rune Johan , Stensland Håkon Kvale , Seifert Friedrich , Riegler Michael , Griwodz Carsten , Halvorsen Pål 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Modern workloads often exceed the processing and I/O capabilities provided by resource virtualization, requiring direct access to the physical hardware in order to reduce latency and computing overhead. For computers interconnected in a cluser, access to remote hardware resources often requires facilitation both in hardware and specialized drivers with virtualization support. This limits the availability of resources to specific devices and drivers that are supported by the virtualization technology being used, as well as what the interconnection technology supports. For PCI Express (PCIe) clusters, we have previously proposed Device Lending as a solution for enabling direct low latency access to remote devices. The method has extremely low computing overhead, and does not require any application- or device-specific distribution mechanisms. Any PCIe device, such as network cards disks, and GPUs, can easily be shared among the connected hosts. In this work, we have extended our solution with support for a virtual machine (VM) hypervisor. Physical remote devices can be “passed through” to VM guests, enabling direct access to physical resources while still retaining the flexibility of virtualization. Additionally, we have also implemented multi-device support, enabling shortest-path peer-to-peer transfers between remote devices residing in different hosts.Our experimental results prove that multiple remote devices can be used, achieving bandwidth and latency close to native PCIe, and without requiring any additional support in device drivers. I/O intensive workloads run seamlessly using both local and remote resources. With our added VM and multi-device support, Device Lending offers highly customizable configurations of remote devices that can be dynamically reassigned and shared to optimize resource utilization, thus enabling a flexible composable I/O infrastructure for VMs as well as bare-metal machines.
Selecting Treatment Options and Choosing Between them: Delineating Patient and Professional Autonomy in Shared Decision-Making
Authors: Cave Emma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProfessional control in the selection of treatment options for patients is changing. In light of social and legal developments emphasising patient choice and autonomy, and restricting medical paternalism and judicial deference, this article examines how far patients and families can demand NHS treatment in England and Wales. It considers situations where the patient is an adult with capacity, an adult lacking capacity and a child. In all three cases, there is judicial support for professional autonomy, but there are also inconsistencies that have potential to elevate the importance of patient and family preferences. In combination, they may be perceived by healthcare professionals as an obligation to follow patient preferences, even where doing so conflicts with other professional obligations. It is argued that a more nuanced approach to shared decision-making could help clarify the boundaries of decision-making responsibility.
The Role of Primary School Composition in the Trajectories of Internalising and Externalising Problems across Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Papachristou Efstathios , Flouri Eirini , Midouhas Emily , Lewis Glyn , Joshi Heather 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is little research on the role of school and its composition in explaining individual children’s psychological outcomes. This study examined for the first time the role of several primary-school compositional characteristics, and their interactions with individual level characteristics, in the development of two such outcomes, internalising and externalising problems, at ages 7, 11 and 14 years in 4794 children in England participating in the Millennium Cohort Study. Using hierarchical (multilevel) linear models, we found that, even after adjusting for individual and family characteristics, children in schools with higher proportions of pupils eligible for free school meals had more externalising problems. In general, children with special educational needs, lower academic performance, more distressed mothers, and those in non-intact families had more internalising and externalising problems. Our results underline the importance of targeting schools with less affluent overall intakes, but also highlight the key role of individual and family characteristics in the development of their pupils’ psychological functioning.
Barkhausen Noise Probes and Modelling: A Review
Authors: Santa-aho Suvi , Laitinen Arttu , Sorsa Aki , Vippola Minnamari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This review looks at the main types of magnetic Barkhausen noise (BN) probes that have been developed. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge of magnetic Barkhausen noise probes and the magnetic modelling of them. The BN probes have been the focus of many previous studies, but no sufficient review or conclusions have been made so far. This review focuses on combining information regarding the different types of BN probes and their modelling. The review is divided into two sections; in the first part the different designs and types of Barkhausen noise probes are introduced. The second part of the review deals with the BN probe modelling with various modelling software. Finally, a comparison of the experimental measurements is made and BN sensitivity is discussed.