bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial dispersion of U.S. national origin groups: Characteristics of dispersed immigrants and settlement places
Authors: Kritz Mary M. , Gurak Douglas T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines the individual and economic context correlates of foreign‐born dispersion in the 2007–2011 period using confidential American Community Surveys and census data. For 40 national origin groups and other foreigners from 7 world regions, group‐specific settlement indicators for 741 geographic areas were used to estimate dispersion relationships to human capital, acculturation, settlement region, and economic context. A fixed‐effect model estimated with individual indicators, net of national origin, indicated that human capital and acculturation had relationships to dispersion that conformed to human capital and spatial assimilation theories but found that those relationships were attenuated or no longer significant after controlling for economic context. Individual and economic context correlates of dispersion also differed for Mexicans and non‐Mexicans. For both groups, the economic context measures that had the strongest relationships to dispersion were labour force shares in education/research/technology fields, and native‐born employment change between 1990 and 2000. Employment in agriculture and the military were significant for both Mexicans and non‐Mexicans but shares employed in manufacturing and construction were only significant for non‐Mexicans. Ordinary least squares (OLS) models for 40 origin countries indicated that internal migration status, residence in a household with a native‐born head, never married status, and English language fluency were significant correlates of dispersion for most groups. Having an advanced degree was also significantly related to dispersion for over half of the groups. Future studies should focus on the linkages between immigration histories and immigrants' human capital and how they shape the dispersion pathways that national origin groups take to different economic contexts.
Neutral Binuclear Ag(I) and Au(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Axially Chiral and Racemic Scaffolds: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Mahule Sonali Ramgopal , Gangwar Manoj Kumar , Vishnoi Pratap 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNeutral bimetallic silver(I) and gold(I) complexes of N‐ heterocyclic carbene ligands derived from racemic biphenyl and axially chiral binapthyl frameworks have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In particular, the neutral bimetallic silver(I) complexes of the type {L(NHC)2M2} (M=Ag, Au) [L=2,2′‐dioxo‐biphenyl, NHC=1‐methyl‐3‐(‐2‐phenyl‐acetamido)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene (1 f); L=2,2′‐dioxo‐binapthyl, NHC=1‐methyl‐3‐(‐2‐phenyl‐acetamido)‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene (2 e)] are synthesized from the corresponding imidazolium chloride salts (1‐2)d by the reaction with Ag2O in quantitative yields. The gold(I) complexes are synthesized by the transmetallation of their corresponding {L(NHC)2}Ag2 complexes. Quite interestingly, a weaker argentophilic interaction was observed in the solid state X‐ray crystalllographic structure of binapthyl derivative 2 e, as Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag contact of 3.3011 Å while in case of biphenyl derivative 1 f there is no such aurophilic interaction exhibited a significant Au⋅⋅⋅Au contact.
Knowledge complexity and the performance of inter‐unit knowledge replication structures
Authors: Kim Sungho , Anand Jaideep (Jay) 
Published: April 2018

Research Summary: Intra‐firm replication of complex knowledge is difficult yet critical to firm growth and the exploitation of competitive advantage. Inter‐unit organizational structures can facilitate the replication of complex knowledge between a source unit and a recipient unit. This study examines how inter‐unit organizational structures perform at different levels of knowledge complexity. We dimensionalize the patterns of information‐processing interactions according to three specific factors: the degree of inter‐unit connectivity, the extent of mirroring between the structure and the knowledge configuration, and coordination mechanisms. Simulation analyses offer a set of novel findings on how the information‐processing and bounded‐rationality concerns of organizational design impact the replication performance of the structures. We derive optimal structures for different levels of knowledge complexity, and articulate their theoretical and practical implications.Managerial Summary: The growth of firms often involves redeployment of their complex knowledge to new subunits or markets, in the context of acquisitions, alliances, or the creation of multinational subsidiaries. Complex knowledge is difficult to imitate, and thus, serves as a source of competitive advantage. However, it is also challenging to replicate within a firm, which limits firms’ ability to redeploy their capabilities in pursuit of new opportunities. A proper design of inter‐unit structures can facilitate the replication of complex knowledge between intra‐firm units. This study examines how the design of inter‐unit structures affects the outcome of this replication. Our results suggest that managers in charge of redeployment efforts should be mindful of the connectivity among units, coordination mechanisms, information overload, and the level of knowledge complexity.
Cross‐Plane Carrier Transport in Van der Waals Layered Materials
Authors: Najmaei Sina , Neupane Mahesh R. , Nichols Barbara M. , Burke Robert A. , Mazzoni Alexander L. , Chin Matthew L. , Rhodes Daniel A. , Balicas Luis , Franklin Aaron D. , Dubey Madan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms of carrier transport in the cross‐plane crystal orientation of transition metal dichalcogenides are examined. The study of in‐plane electronic properties of these van der Waals compounds has been the main research focus in recent years. However, the distinctive physical anisotropies, short‐channel physics, and tunability of cross layer interactions can make the study of their electronic properties along the out‐of‐plane crystal orientation valuable. Here, the out‐of‐plane carrier transport mechanisms in niobium diselenide and hafnium disulfide are explored as two broadly different representative materials. Temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements are preformed to examine the mechanisms involved. First principles simulations and a tunneling model are used to understand these results and quantify the barrier height and hopping distance properties. Using Raman spectroscopy, the thermal response of the chemical bonds is directly explored and the insight into the van der Waals gap properties is acquired. These results indicate that the distinct cross‐plane carrier transport characteristics of the two materials are a result of material thermal properties and thermally mediated transport of carriers through the van der Waals gaps. Exploring the cross‐plane electron transport, the exciting physics involved is unraveled and potential new avenues for the electronic applications of van der Waals layers are inspired.
Effective second moment of area of uniform built‐up members
Authors: Snijder H.H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner on the occasion of his 80th birthdayFor built‐up compression members, Eurocode 3 in part EN 1993‐1‐1 [1] includes the shear stiffness to account for the effect of shear deformations directly into the amplification factor when determining second‐order forces. Built‐up members loaded in bending are not treated at all in EN 1993‐1‐1 [1]. This article is based on a study [2] performed at Eindhoven University of Technology and introduces the concept of effective second moment of area to account for the influence of the finite shear stiffness of built‐up members. This article is largely based on [3] but is an updated and improved version. The effective second moment of area is checked by numerical models. The shear stiffness is derived for a simple configuration of a battened built‐up member and for more complex configurations and for laced built‐up columns shear stiffnesses are presented. The design rules for built‐up compression members in EN 1993‐1‐1 [1] are analysed and suggestions for modifications are made to include the concept of the effective second moment of area. It is advantageous that the concept of the effective second moment of area can be used for both built‐up columns and beams. For built‐up beams, the effective second moment of area including the shear stiffness allows the deflections to be calculated with the standard rules for flexural bending.
A Novel Oncolytic Herpes Capable of Cell-Specific Transcriptional Targeting of CD133± Cancer Cells Induces Significant Tumor Regression
Authors: Terai Kaoru , Bi Danse , Liu Zhengian , Kimura Kyle , Sanaat Zohreh , Dolatkhah Roya , Soleimani Mina , Jones Christopher , Bright Allison , Esfandyari Tuba , Farassati Faris 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The topic of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is of significant importance due to its implications in our understanding of the tumor biology as well as the development of novel cancer therapeutics. However, the question of whether targeting CSCs can hamper the growth of tumors remains mainly unanswered due to the lack of specific agents for this purpose. To address this issue, we have developed the first mutated version of herpes simplex virus-1 that is transcriptionally targeted against CD133+ cells. CD133 has been portrayed as one of the most important markers in CSCs involved in the biology of a number of human cancers, including liver, brain, colon, skin, and pancreas. The virus developed in this work, Signal-Smart 2, showed specificity against CD133+ cells in three different models (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and melanoma) resulting in a loss of viability and invasiveness of cancer cells. Additionally, the virus showed robust inhibitory activity against in vivo tumor growth in both preventive and therapeutic mouse models as well as orthotopic model highly relevant to potential clinical application of this virus. Therefore, we conclude that targeting CD133+ CSCs has the potential to be pursued as a novel strategy against cancer.
Taking science to the countryside: fictionalizing the country through novels for young people in early twentieth-century Portugal
Authors: ZILHÃO ISABEL 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article addresses and discusses one of the first literary attempts to extend the communication of science to young people – agriculture being the case in point – through moralizing and educational novels in early twentieth-century Portugal. In this study, I show that a set of popular books on agriculture addressing horticulture, poultry farming, beekeeping, dairy farming, silkworm breeding, orchard culture and fish farming written for young people by the agricultural engineer João Coelho da Motta Prego – coupled with popularizing articles about agricultural policy and agronomy written by him in the daily press – clearly served the purpose of re-educating the Portuguese rural inhabitant and reviving the country's agriculture-based economy. The article showcases how locality drives the way science and technology are addressed, what is communicated, who writes for whom, and the purpose of the writing itself. It highlights how science popularization/popular science, in its various formats (i.e. science, technology and medicine), can be more than a way to teach science to a lay audience.
Are posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex-PTSD distinguishable within a treatment-seeking sample of Syrian refugees living in Lebanon?
Authors: Hyland P. , Ceannt R. , Daccache F. , Abou Daher R. , Sleiman J. , Gilmore B. , Byrne S. , Shevlin M. , Murphy J. , Vallières F. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe World Health Organization will publish its 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) in 2018. The ICD-11 will include a refined model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a new diagnosis of complex PTSD (CPTSD). Whereas emerging data supports the validity of these proposals, the discriminant validity of PTSD and CPTSD have yet to be tested amongst a sample of refugees.MethodsTreatment-seeking Syrian refugees (N = 110) living in Lebanon completed an Arabic version of the International Trauma Questionnaire; a measure specifically designed to capture the symptom content of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD.ResultsIn total, 62.6% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD or CPTSD. More refugees met the criteria for CPTSD (36.1%) than PTSD (25.2%) and no gender differences were observed. Latent class analysis results identified three distinct groups: (1) a PTSD class, (2) a CPTSD class and (3) a low symptom class. Class membership was significantly predicted by levels of functional impairment.ConclusionSupport for the discriminant validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD was observed for the first time within a sample of refugees. In support of the cross-cultural validity of the ICD-11 proposals, the prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD were similar to those observed in culturally distinct contexts.
Gravity currents propagating into two-layer stratified fluids: vorticity-based models
Authors: Khodkar M. A. , Nasr-Azadani M. M. , Meiburg E. 
Published: April 2018

The vorticity-based modelling approach originally introduced by Borden & Meiburg (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 726, 2013b, R1) is extended to gravity currents propagating into two-layer stratified ambients. Vorticity models are developed for three different flow configurations: no upstream-propagating wave, an upstream-propagating expansion wave only and an upstream-propagating expansion wave and a bore. For a given gravity current height and stratification strength, along with ambient inflow layer thicknesses and velocities, the models yield the gravity current velocity, the bore and expansion wave properties and the ambient outflow layer thicknesses and velocities. We furthermore establish which of the three configurations will occur in a given parameter regime. Since energy-related closure assumptions are not required for any of the configurations, we can determine the dissipation as a function of the gravity current height, for a given set of flow parameters. To investigate which gravity current height is selected in real flows, we carry out two-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulations for comparison. These yield gravity current heights close to the vorticity model solutions for energy-conserving flows. Hence we adopt these energy-conserving solutions as the vorticity model predictions. We subsequently discuss these predictions in the context of earlier models by other authors, and of two-layer stratified flows over obstacles.
Prevalence and diversity of piroplasms and ticks in young raccoons and an association of Babesia sensu stricto infections with splenomegaly
Authors: Garrett Kayla Buck , Schott Renee , Peshock Lea , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPiroplasms are intraerythrocytic parasites that are often transmitted by ixodid ticks, but vertical transmission is an alternative route for some species. In the USA, raccoons (Procyon lotor) are hosts for two known species, a Babesia microti-like sp. and Babesia lotori (in Babesia sensu stricto group). To better understand the natural history of Babesia in raccoons, we tested young raccoons from Minnesota and Colorado for Babesia spp., examined them for ticks, and assessing for splenomegaly as a sign of clinical disease. Raccoons from both states were infected with B. microti-like sp. and Babesia sensu stricto spp. Infections of B. microti-like were common, even in 1-week-old raccoons, suggesting vertical transmission. Babesia sensu stricto infections were more common in older raccoons. Raccoons infected with Babesia sensu stricto had significantly higher spleen:body weight ratios compared with uninfected or B. microti-like sp.-infected raccoons. Ticks were only found on raccoons from Minnesota. The most common and abundant tick was Ixodes texanus but Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis were also found on raccoons. We report piroplasm infections and infestations with several tick species in very young raccoons. Young raccoons infected with Babesia sensu stricto spp. had higher spleen:body weight ratios, suggesting a disease risk.
PRIME SPECTRA OF AMBISKEW POLYNOMIAL RINGS
Authors: FISH CHRISTOPHER D. , JORDAN DAVID A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe determine sufficient criteria for the prime spectrum of an ambiskew polynomial algebra R over an algebraically closed field 𝕂 to be akin to those of two of the principal examples of such an algebra, namely the universal enveloping algebra U(sl2) (in characteristic 0) and its quantization Uq(sl2) (when q is not a root of unity). More precisely, we determine sufficient criteria for the prime spectrum of R to consist of 0, the ideals (z − λ)R for some central element z of R and all λ ∈ 𝕂, and, for some positive integer d and each positive integer m, d height two prime ideals P for which R/P has Goldie rank m.
ACADEMIC BUOYANCY
Authors: Yun Saerom , Hiver Phil , Al-Hoorie Ali H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article reports the first attempt to test the relevance of buoyancy—the capacity to overcome the setbacks, challenges, and pressures that are part of the ordinary course of school life—for instructed second language (L2) learning. Questionnaire data from 787 college-level L2 learners in South Korea assessed their academic buoyancy and a set of six hypothesized predictors. A two-step cluster analysis of the data identified five prominent L2 learner archetypes, providing evidence for the existence of L2 domain-specific buoyancy profiles. Using structural equation modeling, we examined links among the six predictor variables, buoyancy, and L2 achievement and grade point average (GPA). The results showed that buoyancy significantly predicted both L2 achievement and GPA and mediated the effect of the predictors on these two outcome variables. Buoyancy, thus, captures a dimension of L2 motivation that is conceptually and empirically distinct from existing constructs, and represents an essential yet underexplored capacity for success in language learning.
Force of infection ofHelicobacter pyloriin Mexico: evidence from a national survey using a hierarchical Bayesian model
Authors: Alarid-Escudero F. , Enns E. A. , MacLehose R. F. , Parsonnet J. , Torres J. , Kuntz K. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori)is present in the stomach of half of the world's population. The force of infection describes the rate at which susceptibles acquire infection. In this article, we estimated the age-specific force of infection ofH. pyloriin Mexico. Data came from a nationalH. pyloriseroepidemiology survey collected in Mexico in 1987–88. We modelled the number of individuals withH. pyloriat a given age as a binomial random variable. We assumed that the cumulative risk of infection by a given age follows a modified exponential catalytic model, allowing some fraction of the population to remain uninfected. The cumulative risk of infection was modelled for each state in Mexico and were shrunk towards the overall national cumulative risk curve using Bayesian hierarchical models. The proportion of the population that can be infected (i.e. susceptible population) is 85.9% (95% credible interval (CR) 84.3%–87.5%). The constant rate of infection per year of age among the susceptible population is 0.092 (95% CR 0.084–0.100). The estimated force of infection was highest at birth 0.079 (95% CR 0.071–0.087) decreasing to zero as age increases. This Bayesian hierarchical model allows stable estimation of state-specific force of infection by pooling information between the states, resulting in more realistic estimates.
The Pediatric Heart Network Scholar Award programme: a unique mentored award embedded within a multicentre network
Authors: Minich L. LuAnn , Pemberton Victoria L. , Shekerdemian Lara S. , Millar Morgan M. , Newburger Jane W. , Glatz Andrew C. , Graham Eric M. , Czosek Richard J. , Pasquali Sara K. , Seed Mike , Border William L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Pediatric Heart Network designed a career development award to train the next generation of clinician scientists in paediatric-cardiology-related research, a historically underfunded area. We sought to identify the strengths/weaknesses of the programme and describe the scholars’ academic achievements and the network’s return on investment.MethodsSurvey questions designed to evaluate the programme were sent to applicants – 13 funded and 19 unfunded applicants – and 20 mentors and/or principal investigators. Response distributions were calculated. χ2 tests of association assessed differences in ratings of the application/selection processes among funded scholars, unfunded applicants, and mentors/principal investigators. Scholars reported post-funding academic achievements.ResultsSurvey response rates were 88% for applicants and 100% for mentor/principal investigators. Clarity and fairness of the review were rated as “clear/fair” or “very clear/very fair” by 98% of respondents, but the responses varied among funded scholars, unfunded applicants, and mentors/principal investigators (clarity χ2=10.85, p=0.03; fairness χ2=16.97, p=0.002). Nearly half of the unfunded applicants rated feedback as “not useful” (47%). “Expanding their collaborative network” and “increasing publication potential” were the highest-rated benefits for scholars. Mentors/principal investigators found the programme “very” valuable for the scholars (100%) and the network (75%). The 13 scholars were first/senior authors for 97 abstracts and 109 manuscripts, served on 22 Pediatric Heart Network committees, and were awarded $9,673,660 in subsequent extramural funding for a return of ~$10 for every scholar dollar spent.ConclusionsOverall, patient satisfaction with the Scholar Award was high and scholars met many academic markers of success. Despite this, programme challenges were identified and improvement strategies were developed.
A BOUND FOR THE INDEX OF A QUADRATIC FORM AFTER SCALAR EXTENSION TO THE FUNCTION FIELD OF A QUADRIC
Authors: Scully Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Let$q$be an anisotropic quadratic form defined over a general field$F$. In this article, we formulate a new upper bound for the isotropy index of$q$after scalar extension to the function field of an arbitrary quadric. On the one hand, this bound offers a refinement of an important bound established in earlier work of Karpenko–Merkurjev and Totaro; on the other hand, it is a direct generalization of Karpenko’s theorem on the possible values of the first higher isotropy index. We prove its validity in two key cases: (i) the case where$\text{char}(F)\neq 2$, and (ii) the case where$\text{char}(F)=2$and$q$isquasilinear(i.e., diagonalizable). The two cases are treated separately using completely different approaches, the first being algebraic–geometric, and the second being purely algebraic.