bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Antiviral Immunity in the Liver Is Shaped by the Level of Antigen Expressed in Infected Hepatocytes
Authors: Manske Katrin , Kallin Nina , König Verena , Schneider Annika , Kurz Sandra , Bosch Miriam , Welz Meike , Cheng Ru‐Lin , Bengsch Bertram , Steiger Katja , Protzer Ulrike , Thimme Robert , Knolle Percy A. , Wohlleber Dirk 
Published: May 2018

The liver bears unique immune properties that support both immune tolerance and immunity, but the mechanisms responsible for clearance versus persistence of virus‐infected hepatocytes remain unclear. Here, we dissect the factors determining the outcome of antiviral immunity using recombinant adenoviruses that reflect the hepatropism and hepatrophism of hepatitis viruses. We generated replication‐deficient adenoviruses with equimolar expression of ovalbumin, luciferase, and green fluorescent protein driven by a strong ubiquitous cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (Ad‐CMV‐GOL) or by 100‐fold weaker, yet hepatocyte‐specific, transthyretin (TTR) promoter (Ad‐TTR‐GOL). Using in vivo bioluminescence to quantitatively and dynamically image luciferase activity, we demonstrated that Ad‐TTR‐GOL infection always persists, whereas Ad‐CMV‐GOL infection is always cleared, independent of the number of infected hepatocytes. Failure to clear Ad‐TTR‐GOL infection involved mechanisms acting during initiation as well as execution of antigen‐specific immunity. First, hepatocyte‐restricted antigen expression led to delayed and curtailed T‐cell expansion—10,000‐fold after Ad‐CMV‐GOL versus 150‐fold after Ad‐TTR‐GOL‐infection. Second, CD8 T‐cells primed toward antigens selectively expressed by hepatocytes showed high PD‐1/Tim‐3/LAG‐3/CTLA‐4/CD160 expression levels similar to that seen in chronic hepatitis B. Third, Ad‐TTR‐GOL but not Ad‐CMV‐GOL‐infected hepatocytes escaped being killed by effector T‐cells while still inducing high PD‐1/Tim‐3/LAG‐3/CTLA‐4/CD160 expression, indicating different thresholds of T‐cell receptor signaling relevant for triggering effector functions compared with exhaustion. Conclusion: Our study identifies deficits in the generation of CD8 T‐cell immunity toward hepatocyte‐expressed antigens and escape of infected hepatocytes expressing low viral antigen levels from effector T‐cell killing as independent factors promoting viral persistence. This highlights the importance of addressing both the restauration of CD8 T‐cell dysfunction and overcoming local hurdles of effector T‐cell function to eliminate virus‐infected hepatocytes.
Simple 3‐criteria‐based ex vivo confocal diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hartmann Daniela , Krammer Sebastian , Bachmann Mario R. , Mathemeier Leonie , Ruzicka Thomas , von Braunmühl Tanja 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundFast and simple microscopic evaluation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) together with its subtype determination would accelerate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in dermatology including Mohs surgery.ObjectivesAssessing whether simplified 3‐criteria‐based ex vivo confocal microscopic (CM) examination can reliably predict BCC diagnosis and subtype. Analyzing interobserver agreement between expert and novice examiner.MethodsCM images of 235 skin samples from 150 patients were prospectively evaluated by 2 blinded examiners for the presence of 3 predefined BCC criteria namely presence of tumor mass, peripheral palisading and clefting.ResultsOut of 235 skin samples 116 showed histological presence of BCC, confocally expert diagnosed a BCC in 110 and novice examiner in 107 samples. The overall sensitivity and specificity of detecting residual BCC was 96.6% and 98.7%, respectively. Confocally, examiners diagnosed correctly nodular BCC in 96.6%, respectively, 98.3%, superficial BCC in 96.8%, respectively, 93.5%, infiltrating BCC in 88.9%, respectively, 83.3% and other BCC subtype in 22.2%, respectively, 0% (expert and novice examiner, respectively).ConclusionEx vivo CM allowed intraoperative examination of BCC based on only 3‐criteria with high sensitivity and specificity, provided useful information on tumor subtype and showed that both experienced and non‐experienced examiners may use this diagnostic approach with excellent results.
Peri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss among waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never‐smokers with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Al‐Sowygh Zeyad H. , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Akram Zohaib , Vohra Fahim , Javed Fawad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss (CBL) among waterpipe smokers (WS) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uninvestigated. The aim of the present study was to assess peri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and CBL among WS and never smokers (NS) with and without T2DM.MethodsDemographic data and information regarding duration of implants in function, daily frequency of smoking, duration and treatment of T2DM, and daily toothbrushing was collected using a questionnaire. Peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm, CBL, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were assessed in all individuals. Level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsSeventy‐nine male individuals (39 patients with T2DM [20 WS and 19 NS] and 40 systemically healthy individuals [21 WS smokers and 19 NS]) were included. The mean age was comparable among individuals in all groups. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.01). Peri‐implant PI, BOP, PD, and CBL were comparable among WS and NS with T2DM. Among patients without T2DM, PI (P < 0.05), PD ≥4 mm (P < 0.05) and mesial and distal CBL (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in WS than NS. Among individuals without T2DM, BOP was significantly higher among NS (P < 0.05) than WS. In patients with T2DM, BOP was comparable among WS and NS.ConclusionsPeri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and CBL were comparable among WS and NS with T2DM. Among individuals without T2DM, these parameters were worse among WS than NS.
Comparison of two different surgical approaches to increase peri‐implant mucosal thickness: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hutton Christopher G. , Johnson Georgia K. , Barwacz Christopher A. , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence supports the positive effect of adequate peri‐implant mucosal thickness (PMT) on both marginal bone level stability and esthetic outcomes. While the subepithelial connective tissue graft (sCTG) has been traditionally considered as the gold standard for peri‐implant mucosal augmentation, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) may be a valid alternative. The primary aim of this randomized clinical trial was to determine the clinical efficacy of ADM in the augmentation of PMT as compared to an autologous sCTG.MethodsPatients who could benefit from peri‐implant mucosal augmentation at the time of implant placement were recruited. Participants were randomized to the control (simultaneous sCTG) or test (simultaneous ADM) group. The primary outcome in this study was changes in PMT between baseline and 16 weeks later. Keratinized mucosal width (KMW) changes, modified wound healing index (MWHI) variations and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were recorded, as well.ResultsA total of 20 participants were recruited per an a priori power analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between groups at baseline for any of the parameters analyzed. The gain in PMT at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm from the expected mucosal margin was 0.44 ± 2.04 mm, 1.20 ± 1.48 mm, and 1.20 ± 0.89 mm in the sCTG group, and 0.05 ± 1.57 mm, 0.85 ± 1.29 mm, and 1.45 ± 1.17 mm in the ADM group. No statistically significant differences in terms of PMT, KMW, and MWHI changes were observed between groups. The perceived discomfort was higher at 2 and 4 weeks for patients in the sCTG group.ConclusionADM produces similar outcomes to sCTG in terms of mucosal augmentation at the time of implant placement.
Microbiologic effect of two topical anti‐infective treatments on ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis: A pilot study in dogs
Authors: Ramos Umberto Demoner , Suaid Flavia , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Susin Cristiano , Vital Patrícia Conde , de Souza Sérgio Luis Scombatti , Messora Michel Reis , Palioto Daniela Bazan , Novaes Arthur Belém 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this split‐mouth design pilot study in dogs was to assess microbiologic effects of two topical anti‐infective treatment protocols on dental implants subjected to ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis, without use of systemic antibiotics.MethodsEight adult Beagle dogs each received four dental implants in contralateral, edentulated, mandibular jaw quadrants. After 8 weeks, silk ligatures were installed, to be removed after another 8 weeks. After 6 additional weeks, induced peri‐implantitis lesions were subjected to either antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) or a topical tetracycline (TTC) hydrochloride (50 mg/mL) solution. Microbiologic samples were collected from the deepest proximal peri‐implantitis site in each jaw quadrant before and after treatment. The samples were analyzed using DNA‐DNA hybridization checkerboard technique.ResultsPeri‐implantitis induction successfully produced lesions with microbiologic characteristics similar to those found in humans. Overall results showed effective bacterial count reductions for both protocols. aPDT demonstrated major reductions of the red complex, but no statistical differences between groups were observed when adjusted for multiple comparisons.ConclusionaPDT and TTC successfully decontaminated infected implant surfaces. Implant decontamination with aPDT appears to be a viable alternative to TTC in the management of peri‐implantitis infection.
Revision thoracic slide tracheoplasty: Outcomes following unsuccessful tracheal reconstruction
Authors: Sidell Douglas R. , Hart Catherine K. , Tabangin Meredith E. , Bryant Roosevelt , Rutter Michael J. , Manning Peter B. , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Balakrishnan Karthik , Yang Christina , de Alarcon Alessandro 
Published: May 2018

Objectives/HypothesisOver the past decade, thoracic slide tracheoplasty (TST) has become the principal operation in the management of congenital tracheal stenosis. The purpose of this report was to describe our experience with revision TST following unsuccessful prior tracheal reconstruction.Study DesignRetrospective analysis at an academic children's hospital.MethodsPatients undergoing TST on cardiopulmonary bypass between January 2005 and May 2014 were reviewed. Patients with a history of prior airway surgery were extracted for further analysis. Preoperative patient variables and postoperative outcomes were evaluated and compared between patients undergoing revision slide tracheoplasty (RTST) and a control group of 26 matched patients undergoing primary surgery TST.ResultsTwenty‐six revision patients (25 referrals, one primary patient) of 162 patients reviewed over the study period met inclusion criteria. Twenty‐three patients had a history of complete tracheal rings, and three patients had cartilaginous deficiency. A total of 41 airway reconstruction procedures had been performed prior to RTST. When compared to primary TST, patients undergoing RTST required fewer cardiac procedures intraoperatively, and fewer mean ventilator hours (P = .01) postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the median length of stay, requirement of >48 hours ventilation, or postoperative complications between groups. There was one nonsurgical postoperative mortality following RTST.ConclusionsDespite some differences in the postoperative management when compared to nonrevision cases, revision TST can be successfully performed after prior tracheal reconstruction with good postoperative outcomes.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2181–2186, 2018
Contemporary analysis of practicing otolaryngologists
Authors: Harrill Willard C. , Melon David E. , Seshul Merritt J. , Katz Marc S. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate contemporary issues facing practicing otolaryngologists including workforce dynamics, ancillary service modeling, otolaryngic allergy integration, ambulatory surgery center utilization, and relevant certificate of need legislation.Study DesignA cross‐sectional survey analysis of academic and private practicing otolaryngologists in North and South Carolina in 2016.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was e‐mailed to 510 practicing otolaryngologists in North and South Carolina.ResultsA 21.3% survey response rate was achieved. Otolaryngology workforce was defined by horizontal aggregation of otolaryngologists into larger group models, with fewer solo practitioners being replaced by younger otolaryngologists or employing otolaryngology extenders. Excluding academic practice, few otolaryngologists have chosen direct hospital employment as a career option, although otolaryngologists with fewer years of practice are pursuing that option with greater frequency. Ancillary services showed audiology and hearing aid services being the most common, followed by otolaryngic allergy, point‐of‐service computed tomography, and ultrasound. Although otolaryngologists tend to avoid vertical integration, ambulatory surgery center (ASC) ownership trends favor a joint venture model with a hospital system partner. Most otolaryngologists favor changes to certificate of need legislation to improve patient access to these lower‐cost facilities, regardless of whether they currently utilize or have access to an ASC.ConclusionsOtolaryngology is uniquely positioned to adapt and respond to current paradigm shifts within ambulatory medicine. Further analysis is needed to prepare current and future otolaryngologists for the demands and opportunities these challenges pose as patient‐centered care models and consumer dynamics shape future patient expectations and utilization of healthcare.Level of Evidence5. Laryngoscope, 2490–2499, 2018
Revision cochlear implant surgery in children: Surgical and audiological outcomes
Authors: Yeung Jeffrey , Griffin Amanda , Newton Stephen , Kenna Margaret , Licameli Greg R. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the incidence of cochlear implant failure and to examine surgical and audiological outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective review, case series.MethodsThis study sought indications for revision surgery, surgical findings, and outcomes, and audiological outcomes in pediatric cochlear implant patients. Pre‐ and postcochlear reimplantation word recognition performance was analyzed using a modified version of the Pediatric Ranked Order Speech Perception (PROSPER) score.ResultsOver a 20‐year period, a total of 868 cochlear implants were performed in 578 patients. The overall institutional reimplant rate was 5.9%. The indications for explantation were hard failure (30), soft failure (23), and medical/surgical indication (13). A significant portion of devices belonged to vendor recalled batches (15) or were damaged by head trauma (eight). Full electrode insertion was achieved in all 62 reimplantations. Post‐reimplantation Boston Children's Hospital modified PROSER scores were either stable or improved compared to pre‐reimplantation scores.ConclusionsThe need for cochlear implant revision/reimplantation is infrequent, but the rate is not inconsequential. Hard and soft device failures account for the majority of reimplants. Surgical complications during reimplantation is low, and post‐reimplantation audiological performance is excellent.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2619–2624, 2018
Risk factors of cancer occurrence after surgery of oral intraepithelial neoplasia: A long‐term retrospective study
Authors: Ballivet de Régloix Stanislas , Badois Nathalie , Bernardeschi Celine , Jouffroy Thomas , Hofmann Caroline 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveOral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN) is a premalignant lesion of oral mucosa graded I through III according to the importance of atypic cells and the thickness of the dysplastic layers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term clinical course of OIN lesions and identify predictive factors of outcomes.MethodsThe clinical, surgical, and follow‐up data of the patients consecutively treated for OIN by primary surgical removal in a referral anti‐cancer center from November 1998 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome parameters were the 10‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), cancer‐free survival (CFS), overall survival (OS), and disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates (Kaplan‐Meier).ResultsThirty‐one patients were included. Patients with positive or close margins (n = 15) had a significantly lower 10‐year CFS rate (46.7% vs. 92.38%; P = .004) than patients with negative margins. This predictive factor remained significant in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 9.157; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–60.6). There was no significant difference in the 10‐year DFS (33.3% vs. 48.7%; P = .2), DSS (92.8% vs. 100%; P = .1), and OS (92.8% vs. 69.6%; P = .2) rates between these two groups. Neither the initial OIN grade nor other clinical or surgical parameters were found to be significant predictors of outcomes.ConclusionIn this long‐term follow‐up study on histologically proven OIN treated by primary surgery, positive or close margins status was the only independent predictive factor of progression to cancer. Therefore, we warmly recommand performing re‐resection rather than surveillance in cases with positive margins. Oral intraepithelial neoplasia grading or lesion size were not significant predictors of outcomes.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2546–2551, 2018
Vegetation transitions drive the autotrophy–heterotrophy balance in Arctic lakes
Authors: McGowan Suzanne , Anderson N. John , Edwards Mary E. , Hopla Emma , Jones Viv , Langdon Pete G. , Law Antonia , Solovieva Nadia , Turner Simon , van Hardenbroek Maarten , Whiteford Erika J , Wiik Emma 
Published: May 2018

Abstract“Arctic greening” will alter vegetation quantity and quality in northern watersheds, with possible consequences for lake metabolic balance. We used paleolimnology from six Arctic lakes in Greenland, Norway, and Alaska to develop a conceptual model describing how climate‐driven shifts in terrestrial vegetation (spanning herb to boreal forest) influence lake autotrophic biomass (as chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments). Major autotrophic transitions occurred, including (1) optimal production of siliceous algae and cyanobacteria/chlorophytes at intermediate vegetation cover (dwarf shrub and Betula; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) range of 2–4 mg L−1), below and above which UVR exposure (DOC; < 2 mgL−1) and light extinction (DOC; > 4 mgL−1), respectively limit algal biomass, (2) an increase in potentially mixotrophic cryptophytes with higher forest cover and allochthonous carbon supply. Vegetation cover appears to influence lake autotrophs by changing influx of (colored) dissolved organic matter which has multiple interacting roles—as a photoprotectant—in light attenuation and in macronutrient (carbon, nitrogen) supply.
Measuring plot scale woodland structure using terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Muir Jasmine , Phinn Stuart , Eyre Teresa , Scarth Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTerrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can be used to characterize a woodland site by measuring structural attributes of the vegetation community. In Australia, government funded programs monitor vegetation structure using manual field surveys to assess change and ecological condition. In this study, we examined whether structural attributes commonly assessed in woodland ecology surveys can be extracted from a single TLS scan. Attributes of the ground, shrub and overstory vegetation layers were evaluated at nine open woodland sites in central Western Queensland. We used 0.1 m voxels to aggregate returns. Our results show that, compared with field assessment by highly experienced ecologists, TLS can rapidly characterize structural attributes for tree canopy cover, maximum tree height, average tree height (R2 > 0.9) and average diameter at breast height (R2 = 0.77). However, we could not accurately determine shrub height, shrub canopy cover, shrub average height, ground cover (grass, litter and coarse woody debris) or the number of trees per hectare (R2 < 0.45). By analysing local minima in the histogram of the maximum height, we determined height thresholds for canopy strata, and applied these to determine the canopy layer with the most biomass – the ecologically dominant layer (EDL). While these results are promising for overstory assessment and defining canopy strata heights using TLS, they suggest that future research should focus on investigating improved classification methods to separate laser returns into shrub and tree objects for structural assessment at the plot scale.
Anion‐Regulated Hydroxysulfide Monoliths as OER/ORR/HER Electrocatalysts and their Applications in Self‐Powered Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Bin , Tang Cheng , Wang Hao‐Fan , Li Bo‐Quan , Cui Xiaoyang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTrifunctional electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction constitutes the bottleneck of various sustainable energy devices and systems including rechargeable metal–air batteries and overall water splitting. Emerging macroscopically nanostructured catalysts are strongly requested for superior electrocatalytic activities and practical applications. Here, a 3D hydroxysulfide monolith with anion‐regulated NiFe hydroxysulfide nanosheets is rationally proposed. With abundant active sites and unique structure, the as‐obtained hydroxysulfide monolith exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance in oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, and oxygen reduction in alkaline electrolyte. When directly serving as electrodes, a small charge/discharge voltage gap of 0.76 V at 2.0 mA cm−2 and a high peak power density of 248 mW cm−2 are achieved for the liquid Zn−air batteries, and a low cell voltage of 1.62 V at 10 mA cm−2 is detected for water splitting units. When two Zn−air batteries are serially connected to power the water splitting unit, bulky O2 and H2 bubbles are continuously generated on both the composite electrodes. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for controllable anion regulation and rational design of the 3D self‐supporting hydroxysulfides, which is also enlightening for other advanced energy materials and diverse applications.
Inclusive prompt photon production in electron-nucleus scattering at small x
Authors: Roy Kaushik , Venugopalan Raju 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe compute the differential cross-section for inclusive prompt photon production in deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) of electrons on nuclei at smallxin the framework of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory. The leading order (LO) computation in this framework resums leading logarithms inxas well as power corrections to all orders inQs,A2/Q2, whereQs,A(x) is the nuclear saturation scale. This LO result is proportional to universal dipole and quadrupole Wilson line correlators in the nucleus. In the soft photon limit, the Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem allows us to recover existing results on inclusive DIS dijet production. Thek⊥and collinearly factorized expressions for prompt photon production in DIS are also recovered in a leading twist approximation to our result. In the latter case, our result corresponds to the dominant next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD contribution at smallx. We next discuss the computation of the NLO corrections to inclusive prompt photon production in the CGC framework. In particular, we emphasize the advantages for higher order computations in inclusive photon production, and for fully inclusive DIS, arising from the simple momentum space structure of the dressed quark and gluon “shock wave” propagators in the “wrong” light cone gaugeA−= 0 for a nucleus moving withPN+ → ∞.