bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placing an ensemble of pressure sensors for leak detection in water distribution networks under measurement uncertainty
Authors: Raei Ehsan , Shafiee M. Ehsan , Nikoo Mohammad Reza , Berglund Emily 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLarge volumes of water are wasted through leakage in water distribution networks, and early detection of leakages is important to minimize lost water. Pressure sensors can be placed in a network to detect changes in pressure that indicate the presence of a new leak. This study presents a new approach for placing a set of pressure sensors by creating a list of candidate locations based on sensitivity to leaks that are simulated at all potential nodes in a network. The selection of a set of sensors is explored for two objectives, which are the minimization of the number of sensors and the time of detection. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to explore trade-offs between these objectives. The effect of measurement uncertainty on the selection of sensor locations is explored by identifying alternative non-dominated fronts for different values for sensor error. The evolutionary algorithm-based approach is applied and demonstrated for the C-Town water network.
Advancing performance evaluation standards for household water treatment technologies
Authors: Brown D. , Farrow C. , McBean E. A. , Gharabaghi B. , Beauchamp J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Diarrheal illnesses and fatalities continue to be major issues in many regions throughout the world. Household water treatment (HWT) technologies (including both point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE) treatment solutions) have been shown as able to deliver safe water in many low-income communities. However, as shown herein, there are important inconsistencies in protocols employed for validating performance of HWTs. The WHO does not stipulate influent concentration as a parameter that could influence removal efficacy, nor does it indicate an influent concentration range that should be used during technology evaluations. A correlation between influent concentration and removal is evidenced herein (R2 = 0.88) with higher influent concentrations resulting in higher log-removal values (LRVs). The absence of a recommended standard influent concentration of bacteria (as well as for viruses and protozoa) could have negative consequences in intervention efforts. Recommendations are provided that regulatory bodies should specify an influent concentration range for testing and verification of HWT technologies.
A full-scale hybrid vertical anaerobic and aerobic biofilm wastewater treatment system: case study
Authors: Wang Shuai , Savva Ilya , Bakke Rune 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The first full-scale Hybrid Vertical Anaerobic Aerobic Biofilm (HyVAB) reactor has been set up for treating wastewater from a vegetable processing industry in Grimstad, Norway. The novel HyVAB reactor integrates a bottom expanded granular sludge bed with a top aerobic biofilm stage, resulting in a small footprint and high treatment efficiency. The full scale holistic treatment plant consists of a pretreatment system of a sand trap and an equalization tank, a HyVAB reactor and an effluent sludge settlement tank. The HyVAB system has been operated continuously for 219 days with flow and chemical oxygen demand (COD) fluctuations corresponding to different product seasons. The reactor hydraulic retention time ranges from 32 to 10 hours, with the anaerobic organic loading rate (OLR) reaching a maximum 16 kg-COD/m3·d. The HyVAB removed on average of 90% of the total feed COD, at an operational temperature of 25 °C. Sludge production was low at 0.11 kg-volatile suspended solids/kg-COD removed. Odorless effluent from HyVAB can be discharged directly to a local municipal wastewater treatment plant without sludge handling. Over 82% of feed COD was converted to methane, leaving high methane content (84 ± 2%) biogas out of the reactor. Energy consumption of HyVAB was 0.5 kwh/ton wastewater. The cost of wastewater treatment is 1.5 NOK/kg COD removed (based on rates in Norway).
Effects of electrochemical processes application on the modification of mixed liquor characteristics of an electro-membrane bioreactor (e-MBR)
Authors: Battistelli André Aguiar , da Costa Rayra Emanuelly , Dalri-Cecato Leonardo , Belli Tiago José , Lapolli Flávio Rubens 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of electrochemical processes on the mixed liquor characteristics of an electro-membrane bioreactor (e-MBR) applied to municipal wastewater treatment. A laboratory-scale e-MBR was assessed under two experimental runs: without the electric field (run I) and with electric field, controlled by the application of an electric current set in 10.0 A m−2 under intermittent exposure mode of 6 minutes ON/18 minutes OFF (run II). The electric field caused approximately 55% removal of both soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), whereas the proteins/carbohydrates ratio in EPS was increased from 1.9 in the run I to 2.9 in run II, leading to an increment of flocs' hydrophobicity. Additionally, the sludge floc size average value was reduced from 42.2 μm in run I to 24.6 μm in run II, which led to a significant enhancement in the sludge settleability. As a result, the membrane fouling rate was always less than 3.80 mbar d−1 in run II, whereas in run I these values reached up to 34.7 mbar d−1. These results demonstrated that the electrochemical processes enhanced the mixed liquor filterability. Therefore, their implementation represents a great alternative to improve the operational stability of membrane bioreactors.
Single-photon Emission CT Combined with Spiral CT for Early Detection and Localization of Bone Metastasis: A Review
Authors: Okudan Berna , Arıcan Pelin , Seven Bedri 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Bone metastasis is common in cancer. Evaluating the metastatic status in
cancer is of utmost importance in order to provide the best patient’s management.

Discussion:
Bone scintigraphy is widely used for evaluation of bone metastasis. It has high sensitivity
with limited specificity. Planar bone scintigraphy has been shown to have increased radiotracer
uptake without accurate anatomic localization and characterization. Hybrid Single-Photon Emission
Computed Tomography/Computerized Tomography (SPECT/CT) system has been developed by
combination of SPECT and CT. Accurate lesion localization and discrimination of equivocal bone
lesions is an advantage in this hybrid technique. It improves diagnostic accuracy by differentiation of
benign bone lesions from malignant ones due to their morphological changes. So, SPECT/CT improves
the specificity of bone scintigraphy leading to better outcomes in diagnosis and treatment
outcomes of bone metastatic cancer patients.

Conclusion:
In here, we discussed the prognostic value of bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in bone
metastasis with our clinical experience and review of the literature.
Rapid Determination of Acarbose in Tablets by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Cong , Zhang Xiuli , Yu Mingming 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Acarbose, an anti-diabetic drug, is commonly used to treat diabetes mellitus
type 2. Determinationof acarbose is crucial for routine quality control of acarbose tablets.

Materials and Methods:
In this report, a rapid, stable and precise method was developed and validated
for the quantification of acarbose in tablets by 1H NMR. Two characteristic signals at 5.80 and 2.31
ppm were used to determine acarbose. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 0.25-10.0
mg/mL. The precision was 0.26% and 1.02% for signals at 5.80 and 2.31 ppm, respectively. The average
recoveries of acarbose were 99.7% and 99.2%, with RSD values 0.51% and 0.61% at two signals,
respectively.

Results and Discussion:
The content of tested tablets was 100.4% and 100.8% of the label claim with
RSD values 0.96% and 1.47% at two signals, which met the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia
criteria for content uniformity of tablets. The assay has been successfully applied to determine the content
of acarbose in tablets for quality evaluation.

Conclusion:
This method has been successfully applied to determine the content of acarbose in tablets
for quality evaluation.
High-Tone External Muscle Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Sciatica – A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Kempf Kerstin , Röhling Martin , Darwish Eslam , Martin Stephan , Jander Sebastian , Herdmann Jörg , Stehr-Zirngibl Susanne 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Chronic sciatica is a common pathology with a lifetime prevalence of 84%. Current therapy options are inadequate or not long-lasting.

Objectives:
Evaluation of short-term application of High-Tone Electrical Muscle Stimulation (HTEMS) compared to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) with chronic sciatica.

Methods:
Patients (n=100, (mean±SD) age=57±14 years, sex=42% male) with chronic sciatica were randomly assigned into two groups treated with either HTEMS or TENS. Each treatment was administered for a period of 45 min per day, 5 times within 7 days, with a 7-day wash-out period before crossover. A 5-day average of sciatic pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after intervention. Drug administration was stable during the study.

Results:
Before crossover, pain intensity was significantly reduced by the HTEMS treatment (56±21 (60 [50-70]) to 45±21 (50 [30-60]) mm VAS; p<0.001), while no improvement occurred with TENS (59±19 (60 [50-70]) to 56±19 (60 [45-79]) mm VAS). After crossover, significant pain reduction was observed in both groups (both p <0.01) and did not differ between both groups after the whole intervention.

Conclusion:
HTEMS showed a higher potential for short-term reduction of pain than TENS and might offer new a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic sciatica.
Folate Tethered Gd2O3 Nanoparticles Exhibit Photoactive Antimicrobial Effects and pH Responsive Delivery of 5-fluorouracil into MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Bamane Sambhaji R. , Sawant Vijay J. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Destroying hydrophobicity and increasing bioavailability of anticancer drugs
is emerging field in biomedical nanotherapy.
</P><P>
Methods: The porous and oval shaped Gd2O3 gadolinite nanoparticles were synthesized and surface
functionalized with folate groups using wet coprecipitation method. The presence of spinal nanophase
with Gd2O3 lattice inside nanoparticles was confirmed by the use of XRD pattern and supportive FTIR
spectrum. XRD data of nanocomposites proved the spinal core of gadolinite phase even after surface
tailoring. These porous nanoparticles were loaded with anticancer drug 5-flurouracil for enhancement
of anticancer activity on breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The elemental, optical, morphological and phase
physicochemical characterization of the nanomaterials were performed using techniques such as PL,
FTIR, XRD spectrometry, TGA thermal analysis, SEM and TEM microscopic analysis. The photoactive
biocompatibility of nanohybrids was elaborated on gram positive S. aureus bacteria by agar well
antibacterial screening in dark and light.
</P><P>
Results: The nanocomposites not only exhibited photoactive biocompatibility but also pH responsive in
vitro delivery applied for anticancer therapy on the basis of spectrometric assay following sustained release
with zero order Peppas release kinetics.

Conclusion:
The nanocomposites exhibited higher anticancer activity on MCF-7 cells than free drug
and nanohybrids after in vitro MTT assay. These 5-FU loaded folate targeted luminescent and photoactive
nanocomposites with gadolinite core find applications in the future biomedical cell-particle interface.
Observação e atuação reflexiva no estágio supervisionado de língua inglesa: somente refletir não basta
Authors: Gregis Rosi Ana , Gregis Hilaine 
Published: December 2018

Considerado o componente mais prático dos cursos de licenciatura, o estágio curricular carece de discussões teóricas e pesquisas que nos façam refletir sobre as práticas e os saberes docentes. Este artigo tem a finalidade de trazer observações de acadêmicos de Letras sobre aulas de língua inglesa no ensino básico, no período que realizam seu estágio supervisionado. Para complementar essas respostas, apresentamos a visão de professores sobre sua atuação e expectativas de aperfeiçoamento profissional. Nosso propósito neste trabalho também é repensar o papel do estágio nos cursos de Letras. A pesquisa é primordialmente qualitativa e dois questionários foram respondidos por alunos da disciplina de Estágio e por professores de Língua Inglesa do Ensino Básico no Rio Grande do Sul. A base teórica para esta pesquisa advém principalmente dos estudos de Hopkins (1985), Pimenta e Lima (2004), Pimenta e Ghedin (2012), Libâneo et al. (2012), Martinez (2009) e Richards e Rodgers (2001). Os resultados mostram que tanto os acadêmicos como os professores se preocupam sobre a importância do estágio supervisionado e sobre a necessidade de uma formação contínua dos professores. Esses sujeitos também estão conscientes da necessidade de se aliar as práticas pedagógicas a teorias bem alicerçadas. Sem dúvida, as práticas educativas no ensino de línguas precisam ir além da mera reflexão.
Dimensão formativa da escrita de si: vivências e necessidades de professores em formação inicial
Authors: Kich Bruna Viedo , Martins Adriana Claudia 
Published: December 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar alguns aspectos relevantes das narrativas de professores em formação inicial, os quais envolvem não somente o movimento de escritura de diários de classe e a resistência à escrita, mas também a atividade de leitura desses diários e a tomada de consciência em relação aos acontecimentos da aprendizagem da docência. O contexto da realização da pesquisa deu-se durante o processo formativo de professores nas atividades realizadas no Estágio Supervisionado em Letras, em uma universidade pública do Rio Grande do Sul. Zabalza (2004), Telles (2002), Freire (1995, 1996) e Bakhtin (1992, 2010) são alguns dos teóricos que sustentam esta discussão. Com uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, de cunho sociocultural (BAKHTIN, 2010, BOLZAN, 2006), elaboramos três categorias de análise: os enfrentamentos da vivência em sala de aula; as frustrações que tangenciaram a formação docente e a necessidade de readaptar-se e emergir. O estudo revela que a formação inicial de professores desenha-se na relação entre os percursos de formação e de autoformação, e nas experiências pessoais, que envolvem tanto os conhecimentos adquiridos quanto estudantes da Educação Básica como a trajetória profissional. Constatamos que o estudante de Letras, ao escrever seus diários e refletir sobre a própria escrita, foi-se constituindo como um profissional autocrítico.
GAME-RELATED STATISTICS THAT DISCRIMINATED WINNING AND LOSING TEAMS IN NLB LEAGUE
Authors: Mikić Mladen , Vučković Igor , Karać Aleksandar , Belegišanin Bogdan , Vukićević Veljko , Stojanović Marko 
Published: December 2018

The purposes of this study were (I) to examine which game-related statistics can serve to discriminate between winning and losing teams according to final game outcome in NLB League basketball, and (II) to determine the differences in game-related statistics for teams who play in the NLB League and EuroLeague when they win and lose in two competitions. The game-related statistics that were analyzed are 2- and 3-point field-goals (both successful and unsuccessful), free-throws (both successful and unsuccessful), defensive and offensive rebounds, assists, turnovers, steals, blocks made, blocks received, fouls committed and fouls received. Results of the discriminant analysis showed that winning teams differ from losing teams in assists (SC=0.417), defensive rebounds (SC=0.399) and in successful 2-point (SC=0.355) and 3-point field goals (SC=0.325). In balanced games winning differ from losing teams in defensive rebounds (SC=0.388), successful 2-point field goals (SC=0.343) and blocks committed (SC=0.303), and in unbalanced games winners were better in assists (SC=0.434), defensive rebounds (SC=0.304) and successful 3-point field goals (SC=0.353). When the teams Partizan, Olimpija and Cibona played in the NLB League, the difference between wins and losses was in assists (SC=0.395), successful 2-point field goal attempts (SC=0.371) and defensive rebounds (SC=0.326). When they played in the EuroLeague, the difference was only in unsuccessful 2-point field goal attempts (SC=0.414) and blocks received (SC=0.318). Data obtained in this study may be useful for coaches in preparing their teams and analyzing opponents during preparations for competitions.
NUTRITIONAL LEVELS AND SPINE CURVATURE DISORDERS AMONG PRESCHOOL CHIDLREN
Authors: Cvetković Nebojša , Cvetković Jovana 
Published: December 2018

The modern way of life lead to the emergence of hypokinesis, obesity or various conditions and spine curvature disorders which are more and more present among younger children. The aim of this research was to determine the connection between nutritional levels and kyphosis and lordosis among preschool children. The sample of participants included of 50 boys and girls, preschoolers aged 6 to 7, who attend the Jelica Obradović Preschool in Mladenovac. Previous approval was obtained from their parents and teachers for participation in this study. To evaluate nutritional levels, the body mass index was used, which divided the participants into four categories: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Somatoscopy was used to evaluate posture, along with a wooden frame to which a net with square decimeters was attached. Based on the results of this test, the following variables were obtained: normal posture, poor posture, first level of severity and poor posture, second level of severity. To determine the connection, or possible influence of the nutritional levels on body posture, the Chi square test was used. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant connection between nutritional levels and kyphosis and lordosis for this group of preschool children. This could indicate that obesity and underweight do not influence the occurrence of spine curvature disorders independently, but probably in combination with other factors such as heredity, physical inactivity, etc.
THE RELATIONS BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND SPECIFIC FITNESS ABILITIES OF MEMBERS OF THE SPECIAL BRIGADE OF THE SERBIAN ARMED FORCES
Authors: Golubović Mihajlo , Pantelić Saša , Veličković Saša 
Published: December 2018

The research was carried out on a sample consisting of the members of the Special Brigade of the Serbian Armed Forces, members of the 63rd Parachute Battalion. A total of 100 participants took part in the study, of an average age of 30±0,5 yrs. The subject matter of this paper are their body composition and specific fitness abilities. The aim of the paper was to determine the correlation between body composition and specific fitness abilities, as well as to determine the cross-correlation between the parameters of body composition and specific fitness abilities. A canonical correlation analysis was used to determine the connection between the set of predictor variables and the criterion variable. Based on the obtained results it could be concluded that there is a significant correlation (p= .010) between body composition and fitness abilities. It can be concluded that the excess of fat tissue (BF%, BFkg, index visceral BF) and BMI have a negative effect on fitness, while a greater amount of muscle mass (MM% and MMkg) has a positive influence on fitness. The results indicate that participants who do not have as many layers of fat have better values for repetitive power of the abdominal muscles, and that the percentage of muscle mass has a positive effect on the repetitive power of the pectoral muscles, muscles of the arms and abdomen.
Temiz Oda Standartına Göre Ameliyathane ve Yoğun Bakımların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AZİZOĞLU Fatma , ONAT Burcu , SÖNMEZ Betül , HAPÇIOĞLU S. Bilge 
Published: December 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışma, kamuya bağlı bir üniversite hastanesinin temiz alanlarında hava akış
hızı ve dağılımı, hava debisi ve partikül sayısının ölçülerek ve DIN 1946-4 hastanelerde
havalandırma standartı ve ISO 14644-1 Temiz Oda Standartına uygunluğunun
değerlendirilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.

Materyal-Metot: Ölçüm
noktalarının yeri ve sayısı standartlar doğrultusunda belirlenerek hastanenin
tüm ameliyathaneleri ve anestezi ve çocuk yoğun bakım üniteleri olmak üzere 82
farklı noktasında yapıldı. Belirlenen alanlarda hava hızı, sıcaklık ve nem
ölçümleri, hava debisi ve alanlar arasındaki basınç farkı, filtre sızdırmazlık
ölçümü ve partikül sayısı ölçümleri yetkili firma aracılığıyla
gerçekleştirildi. Ölçüm sonuçları ile DIN 1946-4ve ISO14644 - 1 kabul
kriterleri ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirildi ve hava temizlik sınıfları
belirlendi.

Bulgular: Yoğun bakım ve izolasyon odalarında ve iki ameliyathanede el
yıkama alanlarında hava değişim oranının düşük
olduğu (&lt;6) saptandı. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde ve üç ameliyathanede pozitif basınç
gerekirken negatif basınç koşulları bulunduğu belirlendi. Otuzbir ameliyathanenin, sıcaklık ve
nem değerlerinin uygun olduğu, altı ameliyathanede hava değişim oranının ve partikül
sayısının ISO 7 standartını sağlamadığı görüldü. On üç ameliyathanede partikül
sayısına göre ISO 7 koşullarını sağladığı ancak hava değişim hızının düşük ya
da çok yüksek olduğu saptandı.

Sonuç: Standartlara uygun hava değişim
hızının sağlanması oda içinde istenen temizlik sınıfına ulaşılmasını
sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma sonuçları, hastanelerde havalandırma sistemlerinin
kurulması kadar bakımının yapılması, performanslarının ölçülerek etkin
sürdürülmesi de gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Gebelerin Ağız ve Diş Sağlığına İlişkin Bilgi ve Görüşleri
Authors: MECDİ KAYDIRAK Meltem , HOTUN ŞAHİN Nevin , MÜDÜROĞLU CAN Menekşe , KORAY Meltem 
Published: December 2018

Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınların gebelikteki diş sağlığı ile ilgili bilgi ve
inançlarını değerlendirmek ve gebelerin ağız sağlığı davranışlarını
incelemektir.

Materyal-
metod: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı niteliktedir. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından
hazırlanmış yapılandırılmış soru formu kullanılarak yüz yüze dolduruldu.
Araştırmaya gebelik dönemindeki 264 kadın katılmayı kabul etti. Araştırma için
İstanbul Üniversitesi Etik Kurul Komite’sinden izin alındı. Örneklem seçim
kriterleri 18 yaş ve üstü, Türkçe konuşabilen ve çalışmaya gönüllü gebeler
olarak belirlendi. Elde edilen veriler, kikare ve T-testi kullanılarak %5 önem
seviyesinde istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.

Bulgular:
Araştırmaya katılan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 27,2±5,21 ve gebelik haftası
ortalaması 28,48±,89’dir. Gebelerin günlük diş fırçalama sayısı ortalama
1,74±0,68 ve diş ipi kullanım oranı %28,1’dir (n:64). Antenatal bakım boyunca
gebelerin sadece %28,4’ü (n:75) ağız ve diş sağlığı konusunda bilgi aldığını ve %10,6’sı (n:28) diş hekimine
yönlendirildiğini belirtti.

Sonuç: Gebelerin ağız ve diş hijyeni
alışkanlıklarına ilişkin bilgilerinin yeterli olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Gebelikteki ağız ve diş sağlığı konusundaki yanlış inanış ve tutumlar,
gebelerin hizmet alma durumunu olumsuz etkilemektedir.