bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) – skeletal muscle response to cerebrospinal fluid from SALS patients in a rat model
Authors: Shanmukha Shruthi , Narayanappa Gayathri , Nalini Atchayaram , Alladi Phalguni Anand , Raju Trichur R. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle atrophy is the most prominent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons. However, the contribution of skeletal muscle to disease progression remains elusive. Our previous studies have shown that intrathecal injection of cerebrospinal fluid from sporadic ALS patients (ALS-CSF) induces several degenerative changes in motor neurons and glia of neonatal rats. Here, we describe various pathologic events in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle following intrathecal injection of ALS-CSF. Adenosine triphosphatase staining and electron microscopic (EM) analysis revealed significant atrophy and grouping of type 2 fibres in ALS-CSF-injected rats. Profound neuromuscular junction (NMJ) damage, such as fragmentation accompanied by denervation, were revealed by α-bungarotoxin immunostaining. Altered expression of key NMJ proteins, rapsyn and calpain, was also observed by immunoblotting. In addition, EM analysis showed sarcolemmal folding, Z-line streaming, structural alterations of mitochondria and dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum. The expression of trophic factors was affected, with significant downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), marginal reduction in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). However, motor neurons might be unable to harness the enhanced levels of BDNF and GDNF, owing to impaired NMJs. We propose that ALS-CSF triggers motor neuronal degeneration, resulting in pathological changes in the skeletal muscle. Muscle damage further aggravates the motor neuronal pathology, because of the interdependency between them. This sets in a vicious cycle, leading to rapid and progressive loss of motor neurons, which could explain the relentless course of ALS.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Mitochondrial cAMP exerts positive feedback on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via the recruitment of Epac1
Authors: Szanda Gergő , Wisniewski Éva , Rajki Anikó , Spät András 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
We have previously demonstrated in H295R adrenocortical cells that the Ca2+-dependent production of mitochondrial cAMP (mt-cAMP) by the matrix soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC; encoded by ADCY10) is associated with enhanced aldosterone production. Here, we examined whether mitochondrial sAC and mt-cAMP fine tune mitochondrial Ca2+ metabolism to support steroidogenesis. Reduction of mt-cAMP formation resulted in decelerated mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in intact cells during K+-induced Ca2+ signalling and also in permeabilized cells exposed to elevated perimitochondrial [Ca2+]. By contrast, treatment with the membrane-permeable cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP, inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 and overexpression of sAC in the mitochondrial matrix all intensified Ca2+ uptake into the organelle. Identical mt-cAMP dependence of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was also observed in HeLa cells. Importantly, the enhancing effect of mt-cAMP on Ca2+ uptake was independent from both the mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ efflux, but was reduced by Epac1 (also known as RAPGEF3) blockade both in intact and in permeabilized cells. Finally, overexpression of sAC in the mitochondrial matrix potentiated aldosterone production implying that the observed positive feedback mechanism of mt-cAMP on mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation may have a role in the rapid initiation of steroidogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Językoznawstwo polonistyczne na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim dawniej i dziś (w 10 rocznicę powstania Wydziału Polonistyki UJ)
Authors: Rak Maciej 
Published: April 2018

Polish linguistics at the Jagiellonian University then and now (on the tenth anniversary of the creation of the Faculty of Polish Studies)
The paper presents a synthesis of the history and achievements of Polish linguistics cultivated at the Jagiellonian University since the second half of the 19th century till this day. The beginnings are the first lectures which discussed the Polish language, followed by the creation of chairs, then the institute, and finally a separate Faculty of Polish Studies. The author interweaves the institutional and personal threads, and indicates the most important figures of old professors whose works were central to the development of Polish linguistics and its various fields.
Nazwy chorób epidemicznych w przeklęciach gwarowych
Authors: Buława Monika 
Published: April 2018

Names of epidemic illnesses in dialectal curses
The paper is concerned with dialectal curses containing names of illnesses. Following a presentation of the units of this type that appeared in our material, a detailed analysis is given of the group of curses which use the names of epidemic illnesses: powietrze, morówka, pomór, pomorek, dżuma, pomucha (all six meaning ‘plague, pest, murrain’), and cholera (‘cholera’). The curses have been shown in a broader linguistic context which takes into account the functioning of the given name in dialects, not only as the base name of the illness, but also as an element of phraseological expressions and as a unit which undergoes the processes of semantic and word-formative derivation.
Powstanie Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
Authors: Skarżyński Mirosław 
Published: April 2018

The foundation of the Polish Linguistic Society
In 1924, Andrzej Gawroński, a professor at the John Casimir University, a linguist, and an Indian philologist, postulated the creation of a scientific society for linguistics. The project was accepted by the then few circles of Polish linguists, and steps have been taken toward its realization. On 31st May 1925, the founding meeting was held in Lviv and formally brought to life the Polish Linguistic Society. Based on the vestigial extant sources, this paper presents, to what degree it is possible, this episode in the history of Polish linguistics.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: REFLEXÃO E EMANCIPAÇÃO
Authors: Lopes Amanda Cristina Teagno 
Published: April 2018

O texto analisa o conceito de professor reflexivo e sua superação, o conceito de intelectual crítico-reflexivo. Partindo da elaboração proposta por Donald Shön, o artigo apresenta contribuições, críticas e limitações encerradas no conceito de professor reflexivo, formulações que conduzem ao conceito de intelectual crítico-reflexivo. Em seguida, é proposta uma breve discussão sobre o significado e o sentido da reflexão, apontando-se para a necessidade de elaboração de formas de concretização, na prática, da proposta de reflexão no interior das escolas. Ao final, a análise recai sobre as possibilidades de construção de práticas de reflexão docente no contexto da escola pública, processo que demanda, além de condições de trabalho, a construção de culturas colaborativas. Faz-se necessário, portanto, humanizar os processos formativos, aproximando as pessoas e construindo ambientes favoráveis à colaboração e à reflexão, superando-se propostas que concebem a formação como um processo meramente racional e técnico.
QUAIS OS CONTRIBUTOS DA ANTROPOLOGIA PARA A COMPREENSÃO DAS SITUAÇÕES DE DEFICIÊNCIA?
Authors: Gardou Charles 
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a importância da Antroplogia para pensar a questão da deficiência. Apergunta inicial é em que situação de deficiência, esta pode contribuir para abrir os nossos olhos e conduzir-nos discernir para além da singularidade, por vezes extrema, os universos da humaninade. Tentamos em seguida mostrar que todo o pensamento neste domínio é ao mesmo tempo um pensamento sobre a sociedade, porque a deficiência funciona como significante social, encarnando a nossa difícil relação com os outros. Por fim, procuramos demonstrar que a Antropologia ocupa um lugar de alerta para a vida das sociedades como para o funcionamento dos seus dispositivos ou sistemas sociais e educativos.
ENCENANDO A LEITURA: A LEITURA, O LEITOR E A BIBLIOTECA CONSTRUÍDOS NUMA CAMPANHA PUBLICITÁRIA VEICULADA NO JORNAL
Authors: Silva Lílian Lopes Martin da , Ferreira Norma Sandra de Almeida 
Published: April 2018

Elegeu-se para estudo o material relativo à recente campanha de venda de livros do Jornal Folha de São Paulo – Biblioteca Folha. Considerou-se que a mídia, de modo geral pode ser pensada como uma importante instância educativa já que a educação não se restringe à educação escolar. Considerou-se ainda que a Campanha fez circular junto à população um repertório de imagens, valores e conceitos para a Leitura. Foi nosso objetivo: 1. penetrar e dialogar com as argumentações trazidas pela Campanha em torno da atividade de leitura, identificando as formas como a leitura, o livro, a biblioteca, a literatura e o leitor “apareceram” imaginadas, representados, sugeridas no material coletado; 2. registrar e analisar a maneira pela qual se constituiu a Campanha, enquanto estratégia editorial para o aumento de leitores do jornal.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE INFÂNCIA: UM ESTUDO COM PAIS E EDUCADORAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Demathé Tércia Millnitz , Cordeiro Maria Helena Baptista Vilares 
Published: April 2018

Fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, de Moscovici, este estudo buscou caracterizar as representações sociais sobre infância de professoras e pais de crianças de EI (Educação Infantil) de um pequeno município de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Consta de três etapas. Na primeira, as 41 professoras de EI responderam uma questão de associação livre, tendo “infância” como palavra indutora; desenharam sua imagem de infância e produziram um texto sobre ela. Na segunda, foram constituídos dois grupos focais, com cinco professoras das pré-escolas e com nove professoras das creches. A análise das falas mostrou dois eixos: a infância de ontem X a infância de hoje e as tensões família X a instituição de EI. Procurou-se compreender esta tensão na terceira etapa, investigando as representações dos pais das crianças sobre infância. A associação livre, respondida por 31 pais, mostrou que, como as professoras, eles associam a infância com brincadeira e alegria, mas, para eles, esses significados não incorporam conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento da criança pequena. O grupo focal realizado com cinco pais confirmou que as mudanças do contexto familiar têm cerceado a liberdade das crianças, limitando suas possibilidades de brincadeiras. O excesso de preocupação que leva os pais a superprotegerem seus filhos é visto pelas professoras como falta de informação; para os pais, é resultado das informações divulgadas pela mídia. Estes não expressam a percepção da existência de tensões na relação entre as famílias e as escolas ou instituições de EI.
PEDAGOGÍA DE LA EDUCACIÓN INICIAL Y SABERES DE LOS DOCENTES EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Pineda Robayo Adriana Del Rosario 
Published: April 2018

Atualmente, os países Latino Americanos, mostra a criação e implementação de políticas sociais para atender, a partir de uma perspectiva de direitos, inclusão e equidade, as crianças na primeira infância. Em tais políticas há a concordância da necessidade de garantir o desenvolvimento integral da criança e apoiar o valor educativo da educação infantil como elemento essencial para alcançar tal desenvolvimento. O objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar quais os elementos da pedagogia da educação infantil que estão presentes nos saberes e experiências dos professores da primeira infância, na Colômbia. A metodologia foi qualitativa e de cunho explicativo. Os dados foram tratados a partir da análise textual discursiva que é compatível com os parâmetros da hermenêutica reflexiva usada neste trabalho. Os resultados mostram a importância de dar voz e valor ao discurso do professor, uma vez que o mesmo é produtor de saberes, os quais fazem parte da estrutura da pedagogia da educação infantil.
JULGAMENTOS DE CRIANÇAS SOBRE PUNIÇÕES EM DESENHOS ANIMADOS DA TV
Authors: Carramillo-Going Luana , Tardelli Denise D'Auera 
Published: April 2018

No referido estudo trabalhamos com 97 crianças da 3ª série do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo foi o de verificar como crianças de 8 a 11 anos raciocinam sobre punições em desenhos animados da TV - Tom e Jerry. A análise objetivou investigar se ao assistirem o desenho, as crianças aceitariam ou não, a punição expiatória física ou moral representada pelo personagem da história e qual punição seria mais justa para o erro cometido. Os julgamentos morais também foram apresentados por meio da expressão gráfica das crianças. A partir de uma classificação categorial, as respostas foram agrupadas, seguindo uma progressão de punições mais severas até sanções morais com consciência abstrata. A opção por punições coercitivas com apropriação do corpo apareceu significativamente, tanto nas respostas individuais quanto nas que foram dadas após a discussão coletiva. Nos desenhos, apesar da opção por punições coercitivas e decisões expiatórias, as crianças projetaram expressões mais suavizadas nos personagens.
A CRISE GERAL DO CAPITALISMO REAL E AS POLÍTICAS PARA O SETOR EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Filho João Cardoso Palma 
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo, discutem-se as transformações que vêm ocorrendo nos sistemas produtivos, sob a hegemonia da ideologia neoliberal, e suas implicações para a formulação das políticas públicas para o setor educacional. Tomando como o foco a crise fiscal do Estado capitalista, procura-se evidenciar que cada vez mais se acirra a contradição entre o papel que o Estado desempenha na acumulação capitalista e a sua função de legitimação, que se realiza através das políticas sociais. Sobre esse aspecto, o ponto de vista defendido é o de que o Estado é uma relação social, onde se defrontam forças antagônicas, que divergem quanto ao papel desempenhado pela educação.
Photoreceptor Protection by Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF)
Authors: Lu Jianmin , Luo Lingyu , Huang Deqiang , Liu Xian , Xia Xin , Wang Zhengying , Lam Byron L. , Yi Jinglin , Wen Rong , Li Yiwen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRetinal degenerations are a major cause of vision impairment and blindness. Neuroprotective therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for retinal degenerative diseases. We investigated a novel neurotrophic factor mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in the retina. MANF is expressed at a high level during postnatal development and the expression declines to a lower level as the retina matures. Müller cells are the major cells expressing MANF. It is also found in the retinal ganglion cells, in the inner nuclear layer (INL) neurons, and in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Intravitreal injection of recombinant human (rh)MANF significantly protected rod and cone photoreceptors in rats carrying the rhodopsin S334ter mutation, and preserved electroretinograms (ERGs) in therd10(Pde6brd10/rd10) mice. These results indicate that MANF is a native protein in the retina and is a potent neurotrophic factor for photoreceptor protection.
The Midline Axon Crossing Decision Is Regulated through an Activity-Dependent Mechanism by the NMDA Receptor
Authors: Gao Jingxia , Stevenson Tamara J. , Douglass Adam D. , Barrios Joshua P. , Bonkowsky Joshua L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAxon guidance in vertebrates is controlled by genetic cascades as well as by intrinsic activity-dependent refinement of connections. Midline axon crossing is one of the best studied pathfinding models and is fundamental to the establishment of bilaterally symmetric nervous systems. However, it is not known whether crossing requires intrinsic activity in axons, and what controls that activity. Further, a mechanism linking neuronal activity and gene expression has not been identified for axon pathfinding. Using embryonic zebrafish, we found that the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) NR1.1 subunit (grin1a) is expressed in commissural axons. Pharmacological inhibition ofgrin1a, hypoxia exposure reduction ofgrin1aexpression, or CRISPR knock-down ofgrin1aleads to defects in midline crossing. Inhibition of neuronal activity phenocopies the effects ofgrin1aloss on midline crossing. By combining pharmacological inhibition of the NMDAR with optogenetic stimulation to precisely restore neuronal activity, we observed rescue of midline crossing. This suggests that the NMDAR controls pathfinding by an activity-dependent mechanism. We further show that the NMDAR may act, via modulating activity, on the transcription factorarxa(mammalianArx), a known regulator of midline pathfinding. These findings uncover a novel role for the NMDAR in controlling activity to regulate commissural pathfinding and identifyarxaas a key link between the genetic and activity-dependent regulation of midline axon guidance.
Post-stroke Intranasal (+)-Naloxone Delivery Reduces Microglial Activation and Improves Behavioral Recovery from Ischemic Injury
Authors: Anttila Jenni E. , Albert Katrina , Wires Emily S. , Mätlik Kert , Loram Lisa C. , Watkins Linda R. , Rice Kenner C. , Wang Yun , Harvey Brandon K. , Airavaara Mikko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIschemic stroke is the leading cause of disability, and effective therapeutic strategies are needed to promote complete recovery. Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in stroke pathophysiology, and there is limited understanding of how it affects recovery. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal expression profile of microglial activation and whether dampening microglial/macrophage activation post-stroke facilitates the recovery. For dampening microglial/macrophage activation, we chose intranasal administration of naloxone, a drug that is already in clinical use for opioid overdose and is known to decrease microglia/macrophage activation. We characterized the temporal progression of microglia/macrophage activation following cortical ischemic injury in rat and found the peak activation in cortex 7 d post-stroke. Unexpectedly, there was a chronic expression of phagocytic cells in the thalamus associated with neuronal loss. (+)-Naloxone, an enantiomer that reduces microglial activation without antagonizing opioid receptors, was administered intranasally starting 1 d post-stroke and continuing for 7 d. (+)-Naloxone treatment decreased microglia/macrophage activation in the striatum and thalamus, promoted behavioral recovery during the 14-d monitoring period, and reduced neuronal death in the lesioned cortex and ipsilateral thalamus. Our results are the first to show that post-stroke intranasal (+)-naloxone administration promotes short-term functional recovery and reduces microglia/macrophage activation. Therefore, (+)-naloxone is a promising drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and further studies should be conducted.
Suočavanje studenata sa stresnim ispitnim situacijama
Authors: Šimić Katarina 
Published: April 2018

Ispitne situacije za većinu studenata predstavljaju stres tijekom studiranja i odgojno-obrazovnoga procesa. Cilj je istraživanja ispitati načine suočavanja studenta sa stresnim ispitnim situacijama. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 328 studenata i studentica Fakulteta prirodoslovno- matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti u Mostaru i Orašju. U svrhu je mjerenja stresa na ispitu korištena skala suočavanja s ispitnim stresom (Sorić, 2002) na kojoj se jasno razlučuju četiri faktora: subskala suočavanja usmjerenoga na emocije, suočavanja usmjerenoga na problem, suočavanja maštanjem/distrakcijom, suočavanja traženjem pomoći, a pouzdanost je skale visoka (α=.85).
Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju kako većina studenata primjenjuje neke načine suočavanja sa stresom. Značajne razlike s obzirom na spol utvrđene su samo za faktor suočavanja usmjerenoga na emocije, dok s obzirom na studij nema značajnih razlika u pojedinim faktorima. Studenti prve i druge godine pokazuju značajne razlike u strategiji suočavanja usmjerenoj na problem. Pokazalo se kako studenti koji studiraju u Mostaru postižu više rezultate na subskali suočavanja usmjerenoga na emocije od studenata koji studiraju u Orašju, kao i na subskali suočavanja maštom/distrakcijom.
Functional Analysis of Hif1 Histone Chaperone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dannah Nora S , Nabeel-Shah Syed , Kurat Christoph F , Sabatinos Sarah A , Fillingham Jeffrey 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Hif1 protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisie is an evolutionarily conserved H3/H4-specific chaperone and a subunit of the nuclear Hat1 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of newly synthesized histone H4. Hif1, as well as its human homolog NASP, has been implicated in an array of chromatin-related processes including histone H3/H4 transport, chromatin assembly and DNA repair. In this study, we elucidate the functional aspects of Hif1. Initially we establish the wide distribution of Hif1 homologs with an evolutionarily conserved pattern of four tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) motifs throughout the major fungal lineages and beyond. Subsequently, through targeted mutational analysis, we demonstrate that the acidic region that interrupts the TPR2 is essential for Hif1 physical interactions with the Hat1/Hat2-complex, Asf1, and with histones H3/H4. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the involvement of Hif1 in regulation of histone metabolism by showing that cells lacking HIF1 are both sensitive to histone H3 over expression, as well as synthetic lethal with a deletion of histone mRNA regulator LSM1. We also show that a basic patch present at the extreme C-terminus of Hif1 is essential for its proper nuclear localization. Finally, we describe a physical interaction with a transcriptional regulatory protein Spt2, possibly linking Hif1 and the Hat1 complex to transcription-associated chromatin reassembly. Taken together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into Hif1 functions and establish it as an important protein in chromatin-associated processes.
Tobacco Smoking and Cancer Types: A Review
Authors: Khani Yousef , Pourgholam-Amiji Nima , Afshar Mohammad , Otroshi Omid , Sharifi-Esfahani Mehran , Sadeghi-Gandomani Hamidreza , Vejdani Marjan , Salehiniya Hamid 
Published: April 2018

Objective: Tobacco smoking is one of the causes of the incidence and mortality of cancer in the world. This study aimed to review the relationship between TS and especially the use of cigarettes with common cancers of various organs of the body.
Methods: This study was conducted in English by November 2017 through a search in databases of the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included the key words "cancer", "tobacco smoke", "tobacco smoke", and "smoking." Articles that looked at the relationship between each type of cancer and smoking were entered into the study and summarized in Review.
Results: Tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, Upper aerodigestive tract, esophagus, stomach, bladder, kidneys, colorectal, prostate, and pancreas. However, further studies are needed to confirm the association between Tobacco smoking and liver, cervical, brain, gallbladder, Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and hematologic malignancies. However, Tobacco smoking plays a protective role in the development of thyroid cancers, skin and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Conclusions: Given that almost all of the risk factors for most cancers are Tobacco smoking, increasing the public’s awareness of the harmful effects of smoking, implementing programs and policies to reduce smoking, can lead to a reduction in smoking and consequently reduce the resulting harmful consequences.