bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Electron Gas at the Interface of Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited Al2O3/TiO2 on SrTiO3 Single Crystal Substrate
Authors: Lee Hyun Jae , Moon Taehwan , An Cheol Hyun , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe presence of 2D electron gas (2DEG) at the interface between an amorphous Al2O3 (a‐AO) thin film and an anatase TiO2 (TO) thin film is demonstrated. The a‐AO and TO thin films are prepared via atomic layer deposition on a SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal substrate. The reduction of the TO surface during the a‐AO deposition produces oxygen vacancies, which are effective electron donors. The systematic analysis of the physical properties of the TO layer reveals that the crystallinity of the TO layer affects the conductivity, carrier concentration and the mobility of the 2DEG, and also the critical a‐AO thickness, which is the minimum thickness for exhibiting the apparent conductivity. The 2DEG between the a‐AO and the sufficiently thick TO layer exhibits an almost two‐orders‐of‐magnitude‐higher carrier concentration (≈1014 cm‐2) than the previously reported 2DEG at a‐AO/STO, while the mobility (≈10° cm2 V‐1 s‐1) is relatively low. Also, angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy elucidates the spatial distribution and atomic ratio of the reduced Ti ions. Due to the increasing fraction of the anatase phase in the TO layer, the oxygen vacancies are prone to ionize, and the carriers are better confined to the interface, making them more 2DEG‐like.
Discovery of a Multinary Noble Metal–Free Oxygen Reduction Catalyst
Authors: Löffler Tobias , Meyer Hajo , Savan Alan , Wilde Patrick , Garzón Manjón Alba , Chen Yen‐Ting , Ventosa Edgar , Scheu Christina , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the endeavor of discovering new noble metal–free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, noble metal–free multinary transition metal nanoparticle libraries are investigated. The complexity of such multiple principal element alloys provides access to a large variety of different elemental compositions, each with potentially unique properties. The strategy for efficient identification of novel electrocatalytically active systems comprises combinatorial co‐sputtering into an ionic liquid followed by potential‐assisted immobilization of the formed nanoparticles at a microelectrode which allows the evaluation of their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media. A surprisingly high intrinsic activity is found for the system Cr–Mn–Fe–Co–Ni, which is at least comparable to Pt under the same conditions, an unexpected result based on the typical properties of its constituents. Systematic removal of each element from the quinary alloy system yields a significant drop in activity for all quaternary alloys, indicating the importance of the synergistic combination of all five elements, likely due to formation of a single solid solution phase with altered properties which enables the limitations of the single elements to be overcome. Multinary transition metal alloys as a novel material class in electrocatalysis with basically unlimited possibilities for catalyst design, targeting the replacement of noble metal–based materials, are suggested.
Belief‐attribution in adults with and without autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Bradford Elisabeth E. F. , Hukker Vera , Smith Laura , Ferguson Heather J. 
Published: October 2018

An important aspect of daily life is the ability to infer information about the contents of other people's minds, such as what they can see and what they know, in order to engage in successful interactions. This is referred to as possession of a “Theory of Mind” (ToM). Past research has shown that adults with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often show deficits in social communication abilities, although can successfully pass tests of explicit ToM. The current study utilized a computerized false‐belief task to explore subtle differences (i.e., measuring response times and accuracy rates) in how efficiently ToM capacities—specifically, belief‐attribution—are utilized in adults with and without ASD. In the task, participants were asked to attribute a belief‐state to either themselves or another person, following establishment of a true or false‐belief scenario. Results revealed comparable patterns of ToM engagement across individuals with and without ASD, with faster and more accurate responses to “Self” versus “Other” oriented questions, and slower response times when shifting between the “Self” and “Other” perspective compared to when maintaining a perspective. However, autistic individuals showed a particular deficit in correctly identifying a belief‐state in false‐belief trials, in which two contrasting belief‐states had to be held in mind, suggesting more difficulty disengaging from current, reality based belief‐states than neuro‐typical individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1542–1553. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryTo successfully communicate, we have to think about what other people do/do not know; this is called having a “Theory of Mind.” This study looked at how well people use their Theory of Mind when thinking about the contents of people's minds. Results showed that people with autism had difficulties considering more than one mental state at a time, suggesting they may have more trouble in stopping themselves thinking about what is happening in reality than people without autism.
Diffuse maculopapular rash: A family cluster during the last Chikungunya virus epidemic in Italy
Authors: Spoto Silvia , Riva Elisabetta , Fogolari Marta , Cella Eleonora , Costantino Sebastiano , Angeletti Silvia , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageA family cluster of father, mother, and daughter with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection was diagnosed during last epidemic in Italy. In temperate area, during the summer season, clinicians should consider CHIKV infection in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever, maculopapular rash, polyarthralgia, and conjunctival erythema.
An interprofessional approach to prevent recurrent obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS): A case report
Authors: Thurston Lydia A. , Stone Jennifer , Mileski Megan , Abrams Dalia , Huggins William 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageSuccessful outcomes in this case are consistent with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG) guidelines for preventing OASIS. The interprofessional birth care team (IBCT) model exemplified by this case focuses on best practice in promoting a family's preferences for physiologic birth and preventing recurrent OASIS.
Cardiovascular, psychiatric, and neurological phenomena seen in mad honey disease: A clinical case report
Authors: Shrestha Tirtha Man , Nepal Gaurav , Shing Yow Ka , Shrestha Laxmi 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageMad Honey Disease is characterized by intoxication symptoms secondary to over‐ingestion of grayanotoxin found in honey produced from rhododendron nectar. Cardiovascular symptoms are common, but psychiatric and neurological phenomena are rarely seen in this condition. Our case details a patient who presented with florid symptomology in all three aforementioned areas.
Development of Thin Glass‐Polycarbonate Composite Panels
Authors: Weimar Thorsten , López Sebastián Andrés 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTGlass, particularly in architectural design, expresses lightness and modernity. By rising glass surfaces of facades in buildings with high safety requirements, glass works as security glazing. Requirements of security glazing increase constantly. However, single glass panes do not fulfil the demands on these high technology products. Thereby, laminated glass is used to solve problems of these specifications. The combination of different materials in a laminate permits the optimisation in consideration of desired structural or mechanical properties. In this case, the lamination of brittle glass with ductile polycarbonate enables innovative composite panels, which extend the range of glazing with security relevant applications. Glass‐polycarbonate composite panels are generally defined with two outer glass panes and one or more inner polycarbonate sheets, laminated with polymeric interlayers. The combination of these two materials demonstrates a more efficient alternative to common security glazing. Continuous developments in the field of thin glass result in more and more applications beyond the usage in smartphones or tablets. Large‐sized thin glasses with a nominal thickness of 2 mm or less are for some time available and already used in science or technology. Applications of thin glass in the building sector demand to analyse the required material properties and to combine thin glass panes with additional layers due to its low geometrical stiffness. An option for applications of large‐sized thin glass panes presents the lamination with polycarbonate. Thin glass panes substitute the two outer glass panes in glass‐polycarbonate composite panels. Therefore, thin glass‐polycarbonate composite panels are slighter than common laminated safety glass. Several options for using annealed thin glass and chemically strengthened thin glass in architecture and the lamination with polycarbonate are described as well as the required tests for using as laminated safety glazing and security glass with a resistance against manual attack.
A new building envelope – increasing daylight and energy efficiency with water flow glazing
Authors: Pfanner Daniel , Vatashka Teodora , Esiyok Ümit , Leykam Daniel 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBuilding industry is still chasing the dream of fully transparent glass facades. However, available technologies of today show severe contradictions to the main purpose of such fully glazed facades: on the one side, the clear and unobstructed view from the inside into the outside environment, on the other side enabling maximum daylight autonomy to the building users. The main reason is the inevitable requirement of solar protection to avoid solar heat gains and consequently high cooling capacities in buildings. Solar coatings, tinted glass, switchable windows and classic interior and exterior sun shading devices all have the same general effect: The quality of the views to the outside is reduced, the amount of available daylight decreases. The European Union has funded the project InDeWaG (Industrial Development of Water Flow Glazing Systems) within the framework of the European research program HORIZON 2020. During the research period of three and a half years the international consortium incorporating research institutes, industry and designers is developing a new insulation glass unit. In the cavity of this unit a water‐glycol mixture is circulating. Due to the spectral properties of water, it captures most of the infrared solar radiation: it is transparent to visible wavelengths of the sunlight but opaque to NIR wavelengths. Consequently, water flow glazing has the same natural light transmission as conventional glazing whilst reducing the heat transfer towards the interior space. Moreover, the water circulation allows to use, store or dissipate the energy captured by absorption of the waterfilled cavity.
Bracing Timber‐glass‐façade | Feasibility studies, performance assessments and optimization
Authors: Fadai Alireza , Rinnhofer Matthias , Wagner David 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTo introduce the research question a brief overview of existing computational models is given. Up till now, there is merely a guideline but no European standard for structural‐sealant‐glazing systems. Consequently, the focus will be on the experimental large‐sized specimens with load‐bearing adhesives, after that an optimized specimen based on them will be analyzed. This optimizations are just basis of theoretical considerations. The main aspect is to evaluate and interpret the deformation mechanisms over a long‐term observation period and unsteady climatic conditions. The feasibility studies, performance assessments and optimization of bracing timber‐glass‐composite (TGC)‐façades is a main component. Therefore, ideal four‐story buildings are exposed to horizontal wind force. To increase their stiffness a horizontal and vertical connection (coupling) between the TGC‐elements is analyzed. In addition to the commonly used silicone adhesive a stiffer epoxy is used as an alternative. In this way, it is also thinkable to reach higher stiffness. TGC‐façades should consequently replace the stiffening walls and take all the bracing function. To calculate their utilization and resistance, stress and stability analysis are required. Safety factors and strength values based on scientific knowledge are the basis for that. Finally, various component‐adaptations are carried out step by step. This illustrates the complex relationship in the stiffening behavior.
Nike Flagship Façade – Design, Engineering and Testing
Authors: Vos Daniel A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTFor their flagship store in New York City on 5th Avenue, Nike is realizing a visually dynamic façade incorporating carved and slumped insulating glass units. Their concept for a lenticular membrane combined with monumental graphic patterns required a research and design phase to develop a suitable material solution, followed by a rigorous verification process during a compressed retail project schedule to confirm the custom carved and slumped glass product would meet the project's aesthetic goals and performance requirements. This article details the process undertaken from Design Concept, to a Prototype, through Design Documentation and Bid, on to Full‐Size Visual Glass Mockups, Material Testing, Performance Testing, and Production Control Sample review. Façade installation is expected in the 3rd quarter 2018, with project completion January 2019.
All‐glass entrance pavillion for an office building in Madrid
Authors: Teixidor Carles , Torres Jordi , Estupiñá Lídia 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe iconic Torre Europa building in Madrid has been refurbished recently. The works included the construction of a new entrance hall composed of two structural glass façades and a steel canopy above them. This paper focuses on the design and construction of the two structural glass façades, which are made up of a number of laminated glass panels standing on the ground floor slab and stabilised by vertical glass fins. The top end of the fins is connected to an horizontal glass beam that extends along the two façades forming an L‐shape with both ends fixed to the primary structure of the building.
Energetic capability of a photovoltaic thermal collector in the façade
Authors: Weller Bernhard , Popp Christian , Seeger Julia , Scheuring Leonie 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPhotovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors result from the fusion of Photovoltaic (PV) modules and solar thermal collectors. By combining both technologies, PVT systems can generate electricity and thermal energy at the same time. This leads to a higher utilization of the solar irradiation, regarding the required space. So far, the yearly installed PVT area is marginal compared to the installed PV area. Thus, in the field of building integration there are only sporadic PVT roof systems and almost no PVT façade systems detectable. In order to determine the energetic capability and to estimate the potential of façade integrated PVT systems, thermal simulations were carried out as a basis for this article. These simulations give information about important constructive and plant‐specific boundary conditions of the analyzed PVT façade system and create the basis for the development of a PVT façade collector. In a second step, a façade integrated PVT collector will be constructed and monitored at an outdoor exposure test rig at the Dresden University of Technology. By comparing the measured data to the simulated data, a review and validation of the simulation is intended.
Fracture tests on tempered glass steps with reground edges
Authors: Lohr Katharina , Engelmann Michael , Weller Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTLaminated glass can feature a displacement of the individual glass panes, resulting from the lamination process. With regards to visible or exposed edges, this displacement reduces the optical quality of the glass component. The regrinding of the edge after lamination compensates the displacement and thus creates a highly transparent surface. However, regrinding tempered glass leads to a reduction of the compression zone near the edge and increases the risk of reducing the load‐bearing capacity. The influence of regrinding on the bearing capacity of glass steps was experimentally determined and evaluated at the Institute of Building Construction.
Comparative analysis of the glass plate design
Authors: Buljan Nebojša , Rakić Ivana , Vorkapić Andrej 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTechnical Committee for Construction Eurocodes CEN / TC250, Subcommittee SC11, prepared the draft Technical specification for the Structural glass prCEN/TS xxxx‐1(2, 3):2018, which is the basis for the future Eurocode 11 on the structural glass. A comparison of the new prCEN/TS to other standards is made: to American ASTM E1300‐16 and to European FprEN16612:2016. The analysis was carried out by comparing the design of common rectangular insulating glass plates, of variable dimensions and compositions, loaded with the lateral surface pressure, according to procedures defined in all 3 documents. The sole aim of the comparison is to assess the economic effect of each standard in the practical application, without considering other design criteria. The design is assessed by using factors of the utilisation with respect to the resistance of plates in order to obtain a comparison of the design economy.
Bonding Quality of Joined Glass Components Exposed to UV and Fluidic Influences
Authors: Sirtl Christin , Kraus Matthias 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTComponents of structural glazing have to meet different requirements and resist various impacts, depending on the field of application. Within an international research project of the EU innovation program Horizon 2020, special glass panes with a fluid circulating in capillaries are developed exploiting solar energy. Major influences to this glazing are UV irradiation and the fluidic contact, effecting the mechanical and optical durability of the bonding material within the glass setup. Regarding to visual requirements, acrylate adhesives and EVA films are analyzed as possible bonding materials by destructive and non‐destructive testing methods. Two types of specimen are presented for obtaining the mechanical behavior and the surface appearances of the bonding material.
Hybrid glass elements for parapets – experimental analysis and numerical simulation of the load‐bearing behaviour
Authors: Giese‐Hinz Johannes , Weller Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the deformation behaviour and the stress distribution of a new kind of composite plate consisting of a glass pane and high‐pressure laminate. The two single plates were laminarly bonded with a silicone. Hence, the composite plate reacted as a unit, thus the stiffness is higher than that of the respective single components. By means of linear calculation approaches, with full composite or without composite behaviour, the deformation and the stress distribution of composites can be descripted. However, the interlayer is be idealised to a thin layer with a maximal high or minimal shear stiffness. First comparisons showed big differences between the calculated deformations and the stresses of those two approaches. Hence, in this study, experiments with the composite plate were aimed to evaluate the quality of that linear calculation. The four‐point bending tests, according to DIN EN 1288‐3, measured the deformation, while the tensile stress were measured in six points. The results show increasing differences between the calculation approaches and the measured values when the load of the plate was increased. Due to the linear calculation, it is not possible to consider non‐linear effects or higher stresses on the plate edges. Hence, standard calculations were unsuitable to describe the mechanical behaviour of the new composite plate so other calculation approaches were necessary for glass hybrid plates. Therefore, this study assessed a non‐linear finite element analysis of the new composite plate. Simple material models were used for the complex behaviour of the hyperelastic silicones. Thus, the study shows that calculations can be done quickly and easily for the forces and deformations relevant for the application.
Sana Al‐Nour: the development of a unique integrated artwork
Authors: Lowings Luke 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSana Al‐Nour, a unique structure and the largest public artwork in the Middle East, stands at the centre of the new terminal at Abu Dhabi airport, hovering between the Departures and Arrivals areas. Originally conceived as a device to deflect daylight from the upper, daylit departures space to the lower, darker arrivals hall, it is also an integral part of the air recirculation system, guiding air through the void in which it floats, as well as being a space‐maker from below and a way‐finding marker from above. A circular, triangular‐mesh rotated hyperboloid cable‐net, suspended from a central axial strut between two compression rings, the piece comprises 1,632 heat‐bent and (mostly) chemically‐strengthened laminated units, with a bi‐colour varying opacity interlayer (semi‐reflective silver on the outside and sky blue on the inside) attached to 152 cables. The sculpture is 23 m high and 30 m diameter, and weighs approximately 92 tonnes. The structure has taken ten years, from conception to completion. The paper will deal with the generation of the concept and its development through initial stages to the execution and production of parts. It will deal with the visual design issues, spatial concerns, technical context in terms of light and airflow, project organisation, security, installation and maintenance. A unique project in a unique space, the description will attempt to draw general conclusions about the implications for the integration of artworks in complex public and semi‐public spaces.
Hidden features of structural glass engineering in a contemporary museum
Authors: Havemann Kathrin , Fritsch Andreas , Ziegler René 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTOn the occasion of the 45th anniversary of the foundation of the United Arab Emirates, a unique landmark museum about the nation's history was built. The main feature of the building is its inclined glass fin façade with fins spanning up to 13 m. The whole façade forms a coupled system transferring small portions of the in‐plane loads from one pane to another and finally down into the steel ramps and the last special glass panel. The total work time for design, fabrication and installation was ten months for the whole building.