bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dimensionality of niche space allows bounded and unbounded processes to jointly influence diversification
Authors: Larcombe Matthew J. , Jordan Gregory J. , Bryant David , Higgins Steven I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere are two prominent and competing hypotheses that disagree about the effect of competition on diversification processes. The first, the bounded hypothesis, suggests that species diversity is limited (bounded) by competition between species for finite ecological niche space. The second, the unbounded hypothesis, proposes that innovations associated with evolution render competition unimportant over macroevolutionary timescales. Here we use phylogenetically structured niche modelling to show that processes consistent with both of these diversification models drive species accumulation in conifers. In agreement with the bounded hypothesis, niche competition constrained diversification, and in line with the unbounded hypothesis, niche evolution and partitioning promoted diversification. We then analyse niche traits to show that these diversification enhancing and inhibiting processes can occur simultaneously on different niche dimensions. Together these results suggest a new hypothesis for lineage diversification based on the multi-dimensional nature of ecological niches that can accommodate both bounded and unbounded evolutionary processes.
Single cell RNA-seq reveals profound transcriptional similarity between Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal submucosal glands
Authors: Owen Richard Peter , White Michael Joseph , Severson David Tyler , Braden Barbara , Bailey Adam , Goldin Robert , Wang Lai Mun , Ruiz-Puig Carlos , Maynard Nicholas David , Green Angie , Piazza Paolo , Buck David , Middleton Mark Ross , Ponting Chris Paul , Schuster-Böckler Benjamin , Lu Xin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBarrett’s oesophagus is a precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. In this common condition, squamous epithelium in the oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium in response to acid reflux. Barrett’s oesophagus is highly heterogeneous and its relationships to normal tissues are unclear. Here we investigate the cellular complexity of Barrett’s oesophagus and the upper gastrointestinal tract using RNA-sequencing of single cells from multiple biopsies from six patients with Barrett’s oesophagus and two patients without oesophageal pathology. We find that cell populations in Barrett’s oesophagus, marked by LEFTY1 and OLFM4, exhibit a profound transcriptional overlap with oesophageal submucosal gland cells, but not with gastric or duodenal cells. Additionally, SPINK4 and ITLN1 mark cells that precede morphologically identifiable goblet cells in colon and Barrett’s oesophagus, potentially aiding the identification of metaplasia. Our findings reveal striking transcriptional relationships between normal tissue populations and cells in a premalignant condition, with implications for clinical practice.
Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Bone Homeostasis by Balancing Inflammatory Cytokine Signaling in CBS-Deficient Mice through an Epigenetic Mechanism
Authors: Behera Jyotirmaya , Kelly Kimberly E. , Voor Michael J. , Metreveli Naira , Tyagi Suresh C. , Tyagi Neetu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPreviously, we have shown hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) to have a detrimental effect on bone remodeling, which is associated with osteoporosis. During transsulfuration, Hcy is metabolized into hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter molecule known to regulate bone formation. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether H2S ameliorates HHcy induced epigenetic and molecular alterations leading to osteoporotic bone loss. To test this mechanism, we employed cystathionine-beta-synthase heterozygote knockout mice, fed with a methionine rich diet (CBS+/− +Met), supplemented with H2S-donor NaHS for 8 weeks. Treatment with NaHS, normalizes plasma H2S, and completely prevents trabecular bone loss in CBS+/− mice. Our data showed that HHcy caused inhibition of HDAC3 activity and subsequent inflammation by imbalancing redox homeostasis. The mechanistic study revealed that inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) are transcriptionally activated by an acetylated lysine residue in histone (H3K27ac) of chromatin by binding to its promoter and subsequently regulating gene expression. A blockade of HDAC3 inhibition in CBS+/− mice by HDAC activator ITSA-1, led to the remodeling of histone landscapes in the genome and thereby attenuated histone acetylation-dependent inflammatory signaling. We also confirmed that RUNX2 was sulfhydrated by administration of NaHS. Collectively, restoration of H2S may provide a novel treatment for CBS-deficiency induced metabolic osteoporosis.
Brain regions modulated during covert visual attention in the macaque
Authors: Bogadhi Amarender R. , Bollimunta Anil , Leopold David A. , Krauzlis Richard J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeurophysiological studies of covert visual attention in monkeys have emphasized the modulation of sensory neural responses in the visual cortex. At the same time, electrophysiological correlates of attention have been reported in other cortical and subcortical structures, and recent fMRI studies have identified regions across the brain modulated by attention. Here we used fMRI in two monkeys performing covert attention tasks to reproduce and extend these findings in order to help establish a more complete list of brain structures involved in the control of attention. As expected from previous studies, we found attention-related modulation in frontal, parietal and visual cortical areas as well as the superior colliculus and pulvinar. We also found significant attention-related modulation in cortical regions not traditionally linked to attention – mid-STS areas (anterior FST and parts of IPa, PGa, TPO), as well as the caudate nucleus. A control experiment using a second-order orientation stimulus showed that the observed modulation in a subset of these mid-STS areas did not depend on visual motion. These results identify the mid-STS areas (anterior FST and parts of IPa, PGa, TPO) and caudate nucleus as potentially important brain regions in the control of covert visual attention in monkeys.
Pollination networks along the sea-inland gradient reveal landscape patterns of keystone plant species
Authors: Fantinato E. , Del Vecchio S. , Silan G. , Buffa G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLinking the functional role of plants and pollinators in pollination networks to ecosystem functioning and resistance to perturbations can represent a valuable knowledge to implement sound conservation and monitoring programs. The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of pollination networks in coastal dune systems and to test whether pollination interactions have an explicit spatial configuration and whether this affect network resistance. To this aim, we placed six permanent 10 m-wide belt transects. Within each transect we placed five plots of 2 m x 2 m, in order to catch the different plant communities along the dune sequence. We monitored pollination interactions between plants and pollinators every 15 days during the overall flowering season. The resulting networks of pollination interactions showed a relatively low degree of resistance. However, they had a clear spatial configuration, with plant species differently contributing to the resistance of pollination networks occurring non-randomly from the seashore inland. Our results evidenced that beside contributing to the creation and maintenance of dune ridges, thereby protecting inland communities from environmental disturbance, plant species of drift line and shifting dune communities have also a crucial function in conferring resistance to coastal dune pollination networks.
Growth dynamics and complexity of national economies in the global trade network
Authors: Teza Gianluca , Caraglio Michele , Stella Attilio L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe explore the quantitative nexus among economic growth of a country, diversity and specialization of its productions, and evolution in time of its basket of exports. To this purpose we set up a dynamic model and construct economic complexity measures based on panel data concerning up to 1238 exports of 223 countries for 21 years. Key statistical features pertaining to the distribution of resources in the different exports of each country reveal essential in both cases. The parameters entering the evolution model, combined with counterfactual analyses of synthetic simulations, give novel insight into cooperative effects among different productions and prospects of growth of each economy. The complexity features emerging from the analysis of dynamics are usefully compared with gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc) and with an original measure of the efficiency of the economic systems. This measure, whose construction starts from an estimate of bare diversity in terms of Shannon’s entropy function, is made fully consistent with the degree of specialization of the products. Comparisons of this measure with the model parameters allow clear distinctions, from multiple perspectives, among developed, emerging, underdeveloped and risky economies.
Mitigating the contrail cirrus climate impact by reducing aircraft soot number emissions
Authors: Burkhardt Ulrike , Bock Lisa , Bier Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContrail cirrus are a major component of the climate forcing due to air traffic. For a given contrail cirrus cover, ice water content and ice crystal shape, their impact on radiation is dependent on the number and size of ice crystals. Here we use a global climate model to study the impact of a reduction in initially formed ice crystal numbers, as may be caused by reduced soot number emissions. We find that for reduced initial ice crystal numbers the ice water content is decreased and ice crystal sizes increased, leading to a reduction in contrail cirrus optical depth and doubling the fraction of contrail cirrus that cannot be detected by satellite remote sensing. Contrail cirrus lifetimes and coverage are strongly reduced leading to significant reductions in contrail cirrus radiative forcing. The global climate impact of contrail cirrus is nonlinearly dependent on the reduction in initial ice crystal numbers. A reduction in the initial ice crystal number of 80% leads to a decrease in contrail cirrus radiative forcing by 50%, whereas a twofold reduction leads to a decrease in radiative forcing by approximately 20%. Only a few contrail cirrus outbreaks explain a large percentage of the climate impact. The contrail cirrus climate impact can be effectively mitigated by reducing initial ice crystal concentrations in such outbreak situations. Our results are important for assessments dealing with mitigating the climate impact of aviation and discussions about the use of alternative fuels or lean combustion in aviation.
Population genomic analyses of the chocolate tree, Theobroma cacao L., provide insights into its domestication process
Authors: Cornejo Omar E. , Yee Muh-Ching , Dominguez Victor , Andrews Mary , Sockell Alexandra , Strandberg Erika , Livingstone Donald , Stack Conrad , Romero Alberto , Umaharan Pathmanathan , Royaert Stefan , Tawari Nilesh R. , Ng Pauline , Gutierrez Osman , Phillips Wilbert , Mockaitis Keithanne , Bustamante Carlos D. , Motamayor Juan C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDomestication has had a strong impact on the development of modern societies. We sequenced 200 genomes of the chocolate plant Theobroma cacao L. to show for the first time to our knowledge that a single population, the Criollo population, underwent strong domestication ~3600 years ago (95% CI: 2481–13,806 years ago). We also show that during the process of domestication, there was strong selection for genes involved in the metabolism of the colored protectants anthocyanins and the stimulant theobromine, as well as disease resistance genes. Our analyses show that domesticated populations of T. cacao (Criollo) maintain a higher proportion of high-frequency deleterious mutations. We also show for the first time the negative consequences of the increased accumulation of deleterious mutations during domestication on the fitness of individuals (significant reduction in kilograms of beans per hectare per year as Criollo ancestry increases, as estimated from a GLM, P = 0.000425).
The OTELO survey
Authors: Bongiovanni Ángel , Ramón-Pérez Marina , Pérez García Ana María , Cepa Jordi , Cerviño Miguel , Nadolny Jakub , Pérez Martínez Ricardo , Alfaro Emilio , Castañeda Héctor O. , de Diego José A. , Ederoclite Alessandro , Fernández-Lorenzo Mirian , Gallego Jesús , González José Jesús , González-Serrano José Ignacio , Lara-López Maritza A. , Oteo Gómez Iván , Padilla Torres Carmen P. , Pintos-Castro Irene , Pović Mirjana , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Jones Heath , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Cabrera-Lavers Antonio 
Published: October 2018

Context. The evolution of galaxies through cosmic time is studied observationally by means of extragalactic surveys. The usefulness of these surveys is greatly improved by increasing the cosmological volume, in either depth or area, and by observing the same targets in different wavelength ranges. A multi-wavelength approach using different observational techniques can compensate for observational biases.Aims. The OTELO survey aims to provide the deepest narrow-band survey to date in terms of minimum detectable flux and emission line equivalent width in order to detect the faintest extragalactic emission line systems. In this way, OTELO data will complements other broad-band, narrow-band, and spectroscopic surveys.Methods. The red tunable filter of the OSIRIS instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) is used to scan a spectral window centred at 9175 Å, which is free from strong sky emission lines, with a sampling interval of 6 Å and a bandwidth of 12 Å in the most deeply explored EGS region. Careful data reduction using improved techniques for sky ring subtraction, accurate astrometry, photometric calibration, and source extraction enables us to compile the OTELO catalogue. This catalogue is complemented with ancillary data ranging from deep X-ray to far-infrared, including high resolution HST images, which allow us to segregate the different types of targets, derive precise photometric redshifts, and obtain the morphological classification of the extragalactic objects detected.Results. The OTELO multi-wavelength catalogue contains 11 237 entries and is 50% complete at AB magnitude 26.38. Of these sources, 6600 have photometric redshifts with an uncertaintyδ zphotbetter than 0.2 (1+zphot). A total of 4336 of these sources correspond to preliminary emission line candidates, which are complemented by 81 candidate stars and 483 sources that qualify as absorption line systems. The OTELO survey results will be released to the public on the second half of 2019.
The “memory” of the Oort cloud
Authors: Fouchard Marc , Higuchi Arika , Ito Takashi , Maquet Lucie 
Published: October 2018

Aims. Our aim in this paper is to try to discover if we can find any record of the Oort cloud formation process in the orbital distribution of currently observable long-periodic comets.
Methods. Long-term simulations of tens of millions of comets from two different kinds of proto-Oort clouds (isotropic and disk-like) were performed. In these simulations we considered the Galactic tides, stellar passage, and planetary perturbations.
Results. In the case of an initially disk-like proto-Oort cloud, the final Oort cloud remains anisotroic inside of about 13 200 au. A record of the initial shape is preserved, here referred to as the “memory”, even on the final distribution of observable comets. This memory is measurable in particular for observable comets for which the previous perihelion was beyond 10 au and that were significantly affected by Uranus or Neptune at that moment (the so-called Kaib-Quinn jumpers observable class). Indeed, these comets are strongly concentrated along an extended scattered disk that is the remnant of the initial population 1 Gyr before the comets are observable. In addition, for this class of comets, the distributions of ecliptic inclination and Galactic longitude of the ascending node at the previous perihelion preceding the observable perihelion highlight characteristics that are not present in the isotropic model. Furthermore, the disk-like model produces four times more observable comets than the isotropic one, and its flux is independent of the initial distribution of orbital energy. Also for the disk-like model, the region beyond Neptune up to ~40 au gives the major contribution to the final flux of observable comets.
Conclusions. The disk-like model sustains a flux of observable comets that are more consistent with the actually observed flux than using the isotropic model. However, further investigations are needed to reveal whether a fingerprint of the initial proto-Oort cloud, such as those highlighted in the present article, is present in the sample of known long-period comets.
Concept Paper on the Technique of Cryopreservation, Removal and Transplantation of Ovarian Tissue for Fertility Preservation
Authors: Beckmann Matthias , Lotz Laura , Toth Bettina , Baston-Büst Dunja , Fehm Tanja , Frambach Torsten , Germeyer Ariane , Goeckenjan Maren , Häberlin Felix , Henes Melanie , Hirchenhain Jens , Hübner Stephanie , Korell Matthias , Krüssel Jan-Steffen , Müller Andreas , Reinsberg Jochen , Schwab Roxana , Seitz Stephan , Sütterlin Marc , van der Ven Hans , van der Ven Katrin , Winkler-Crepaz Katharina , Wimberger Pauline , von Wolff Michael , Liebenthron Jana , Dittrich Ralf 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe cryopreservation of ovarian tissue with subsequent transplantation of the tissue represents an established method of fertility protection for female patients who have to undergo gonadotoxic therapy. The procedure can be performed at any point in the cycle and thus generally does not lead to any delay in oncological therapy. With the aid of this procedure, more than 130 births to date worldwide have been able to be recorded. The birth rate is currently approximately 30% and it can be assumed that this will increase through the further optimisation of the cryopreservation and surgical technique. The concept paper presented here is intended to provide guidance for managing cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian tissue to German-speaking reproductive medicine centres.
Computed Tomographic Trochlear Depth Measurement in Normal Dogs
Authors: De Giacinto Elena , Troiano Daniele , Denti Francesco , Buiatti Michela , Petazzoni Massimo 
Published: October 2018

Objectives The main purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between patellar maximal craniocaudal thickness and femoral trochlear groove depth in normal dogs and to valuate the intra-observer or inter-observer variability of maximal trochlear depth and maximal patellar craniocaudal thickness using computed tomography.
Methods Trochlear groove depth and patellar maximal craniocaudal thickness of 40 limbs (20 dogs) were measured by three independent veterinarians using three-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction computed tomography images. The patellar maximal craniocaudal thickness/trochlear depth ratio was determined.
Results The mean ratio of these stifles was 0.46 (range 0.24–0.70), meaning that the mean maximal depth of the trochlea was 46% of the mean maximal-patellar thickness.
Clinical Significance A wide range of maximal–patellar–craniocaudal–thickness/maximal trochlear-depth ratio was found suggesting that breed studies should be performed to determine a breed-specific patellar-thickness/trochlear-depth ratio. To make decisions on when and where to perform a sulcoplasty during patellar luxation surgery, patella/trochlea thickness relationship should be measured for each breed with patellar tracking from stifle hyperflexion to stifle hyperextension.
Retrosigmoid Transmeatal Endoscope-Assisted Approach in Semi-Sitting Position for Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: 2-D operative Video
Authors: Evangelista-Zamora Rocio , Lieber Stefan , Ebner Florian , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: October 2018

We present a case of a mid-sized vestibular schwannoma (T3b according to the Hannover classification) that was resected through a retrosigmoid transmeatal approach in semi-sitting position under endoscopic assistance. The patient is a 52-year-old male with acute loss of functional hearing on the right side. Audiometry confirmed a loss of up to 60 dB and lost speech discrimination, there were no associated symptoms such as tinnitus or vertigo. This 2D video demonstrates positioning, OR set-up, anatomical and surgical nuances of the skull base approach and the operative technique for microdissection of the tumor from the critical neurovascular structures, especially the facial and cochlear nerves. A gross total resection was achieved and the patient discharged home after four days with unaltered function of the facial nerve (HB I). At one year follow up there was no indication of residual or recurrence.In summary, the retrosigmoid transmeatal approach is an important and powerful tool in the armamentarium for the microsurgical management of all kinds of vestibular schwannomas. Provided the necessary anesthesiological precautions and intraoperative procedures the semi-sitting position is safe and effective. If needed, the approach can be complemented by the use of an endoscope for visualization of the distal internal auditory canal.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/pPKT4_5nIn0.
IL-9 Promotes the Development of Deep Venous Thrombosis by Facilitating Platelet Function
Authors: Feng Yuqian , Yu Miao , Zhu Feng , Zhang Shaoshao , Ding Peiwu , Wang Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a sterile inflammatory process related to cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-17. IL-9 is a cytokine involved in many inflammatory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. However, it remains unknown whether IL-9 is related to DVT. In this study, we characterized the role and mechanism of IL-9 in DVT. Analysis of the data of patients with and without DVT revealed that stasis, venous surgery as well as elevated IL-9 and sP-selectin levels were related to the development of DVT. We also showed for the first time that IL-9 receptor was expressed in mouse platelets, and it dramatically promoted the aggregation rate and expression of P-selectin (CD62P) in the presence of adenosine diphosphate, but otherwise exhibited no effect on platelets. This study also revealed that Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signalling pathway, not phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway, was involved in the process. We also showed in a mouse model of stasis that the thrombus size (weight and length) and CD62P expression in the thrombus were higher and lower in the IL-9 group and IL-9 antibody group, respectively, than in the control group. All these findings indicated that IL-9 facilitated platelet function through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, thus promoting the development of DVT.
Ambulante Reha und Nachsorge für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Adipositas
Authors: Pankatz M. , Tiedjen U. , Koch B. , Stachow R. , Gellhaus I. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungEine neue Gesetzeslage ermöglicht in Deutschland die ambulante Rehabilitation (Reha) und Nachsorge für Kinder und Jugendliche mit chronischen Erkrankungen mit Finanzierung durch die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV). Für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Adipositas und ihre Familien sowie für die bestehende Versorgungslandschaft stellt dies gleichsam eine Chance, eine Herausforderung, möglicherweise aber auch eine neue Hürde dar. Es müssen innovative Konzepte entwickelt, erprobt und evaluiert werden. Für die ambulante Nachsorge nach stationärer Reha hat die Konsensusgruppe Adipositasschulung für Kinder und Jugendliche e. V. (KgAS) bereits ein Konzept entwickelt.