bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal plasticity and microevolution enhance establishment success and persistence of a water hyacinth biological control agent
Authors: Griffith Tamzin C. , Paterson Iain D. , Owen Candice A. , Coetzee Julie A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAspects of the thermal physiology of the water hyacinth biological control agent Eccritotarsus catarinensis Carvalho (Hemiptera: Miridae) have been extensively investigated over the past 20 years to understand and improve post‐release establishment in the field. Thermal physiology studies predicted that the agent would not establish at a number of cold sites in South Africa, where it has nonetheless subsequently established and thrived. Recently, studies have begun to incorporate the plastic nature of insect thermal physiology into models of agent establishment. This study determined whether season and locality influenced the thermal physiology of two field populations of E. catarinensis, one collected from the hottest site where the agent has established in South Africa, and one from the coldest site. The thermal physiology of E. catarinensis was significantly influenced by season and site, demonstrating a degree of phenotypic plasticity, and that some post‐release local adaptation to climatic conditions has occurred through microevolution. We then determined whether cold acclimation under laboratory conditions was possible. Successfully cold‐acclimated E. catarinensis had a significantly lower critical thermal minimum (CTmin) compared to the field cold‐acclimated population. This suggests that cold acclimation of agents could be conducted in the laboratory before future releases to improve their cold tolerance, thereby increasing their chance of establishment at cold sites and allowing further adaptation to colder climates to occur in the field. Although the thermal tolerance of E. catarinensis is limited by local adaptations to climatic conditions in the native range, the plastic nature of the insect's thermal physiology has allowed it to survive in the very different climatic conditions of the introduced range, and there has been some adaptive change to the insect's thermal tolerance since establishment. This study highlights the importance of plasticity and microevolutionary processes in the success of biological control agents under the novel climatic conditions in the introduced range.
Risk factors and implications of oral mucositis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Shouval Roni , Kouniavski Elizaveta , Fein Joshua , Danylesko Ivetta , Shem‐Tov Noga , Geva Mika , Yerushalmi Ronit , Shimoni Avichai , Nagler Arnon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is a common toxicity of stem cell transplantation (SCT). We sought to evaluate OM burden, risk factors, and implications in a cohort of allogeneic‐SCT recipients.MethodsThis was a single‐center study including 115 adult allogeneic‐SCT transplanted between 2016 and 2018 for various hematological conditions. Conditioning intensity was categorized as myeloablative (MAC, 39%), reduced intensity (34%), or reduced toxicity (RTC, 27%) in patients conditioned with fludarabine‐treosulfan. OM was prospectively graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (v.4.0) system.ResultsModerate‐to‐severe OM (grade 2‐4) was experienced by 60% of patients. In a univariate analysis, younger age (P = .023), lower body mass index (P = .01), recent smoking (P = .08), recent antibiotics exposure (P = .018), MAC (P < .001), and methotrexate (P = .009) were associated with moderate‐to‐severe OM. In a multivariable logistic regression model, conditioning and graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis remained significant. OM risk was lowest with RTC (RTC vs MAC: odd ratio [OR] 0.05, P < .001), and recent antibiotic exposure trended toward increased risk (OR 1.88, P = .168). OM was associated with longer hospitalization, delayed neutrophil engraftment, and gastrointestinal‐related infections.ConclusionOral mucositis remains a leading SCT complication. Treosulfan‐based conditioning has low mucosal toxicity and is appealing given previous reports on its high efficacy.
Decadal plant composition changes in grazed native grassland
Authors: Farmilo Brad J. , Moxham Claire 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMost high value grasslands of south‐eastern Australia are restricted to small fragmented areas of public land. However, a significant proportion of native grassland is privately owned, managed with grazing rather than fire and is rarely monitored. Hence, a better understanding of grassland management and conservation on the private estate is required. Eco‐markets are policy instruments that incentivise private landholders to effectively manage and conserve native vegetation. However, short funding cycles restrict the capacity of monitoring programs to assess long‐term vegetation changes. In this study, 17 native grassland remnants on private land managed with livestock grazing were monitored before and during a 4‐year eco‐market and 6 years after it ended to determine how composition had changed over 10 years of monitoring. Numerous grassland attributes were either maintained or improved over the 10‐year period, which coincided with one of the most severe and long‐lasting droughts in recent history (i.e. the Millennium drought). In addition, several threatened species were identified as part of the program. A decline in exotic forb richness, native grass cover and native forb richness suggests there is also some impact of the Millennium drought on plant mortality as evidenced by altered litter dynamics. Inherent variability year‐to‐year for most measures of grassland attributes over the monitoring period indicates that climatic conditions have a strong influence on grassland dynamics. Our ability to determine the driver(s) of grassland composition was limited by monitoring program design. Future eco‐market monitoring programs should have adequate resources allocated to enable effective monitoring designs, that incorporate reference information and control sites, and should aim to be long‐term (i.e. >10 years). This will provide clearer insights into the drivers of grassland dynamics and allow for refinement of management options for conservation of this threatened community.
Cognitive deficits in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy using touchscreen‐based translational tools
Authors: Carron Simone , Dezsi Gabi , Ozturk Ezgi , Nithianantharajah Jess , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveCognitive deficits are commonly observed in people with epilepsy, but the biologic causation of these is challenging to identify. Animal models of epilepsy can be used to explore pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to cognitive problems, as well as to test novel therapeutics. We utilized a well‐validated animal model of epilepsy to explore cognitive deficits using novel translational assessment tools/automated rodent touchscreen assays.MethodsTo induce epilepsy, adult Wistar rats were subjected to kainic acid–induced status epilepticus or sham control (n = 12/group). Two months following induction, animals underwent the Pairwise Discrimination and Reversal learning touchscreen tasks, novel object recognition, and the Y maze test of spatial memory.ResultsIn the Pairwise Discrimination paradigm, only 40% of epilepsy animals acquired the discrimination learning criterion, compared to 100% of sham animals (P = 0.003). Epilepsy and sham animals that successfully acquired the discrimination progressed onto the reversal phase, which measures cognitive flexibility. Of interest, there were no differences in the rate of reversal learning; however, on the first reversal session, epilepsy rats committed more perseverative errors than shams (mean ± SEM: 6.3 ± 0.9 vs 1.8 ± 0.5, P < 0.0001). Additional behavioral analysis revealed that epilepsy rats were significantly impaired in novel object recognition and short‐term spatial learning and memory.SignificanceUsing translationally relevant behavioral tools in combination with traditional assays to measure cognition in animal models, here we identify impairments in learning and memory, and enhanced perseverative behaviors in rats with epilepsy. These tools can be used in future research to explore biologic mechanisms and treatments for cognitive deficits associated with epilepsy.
Love in Action: An Integrative Approach to Last Chance Couple Therapy
Authors: Fraenkel Peter 
Published: July 2019

This article presents an integrative approach to the special challenges of therapy with couples on the brink of dissolution or divorce—who often describe this therapy as their “last chance.” In some, one partner is considering ending the relationship, and in others, both partners are considering ending it. Often, these couples have had prior dissatisfying experiences in couple therapy. Four types of last chance couples are described: high‐conflict couples; couples in which partners have differing goals for their lives or different timelines for reaching shared goals; couples in which one or both partners have acted in a manner that violates the values, expectations, emotional comfort, or safety of the other; and couples in which there has been a gradual loss of intimacy. The Therapeutic Palette, a multiperspectival, theoretically eclectic integrative approach, is enlisted as a general framework for selecting and sequencing use of particular theories and their associated practices, based on the three “primary colors” of couple therapy: time frame/focus, level of directiveness, and change entry point. An additional complementary framework, the creative relational movement approach, is proposed to provide an integrative frame encompassing both language‐based and action‐based practices, suggesting that meaning is held and expressed as much through interaction or “relational motion” as it is through language. Principles of change are described. Due to the couple's level of crisis and desire for immediate evidence of possible improvement, priority is given to action‐based interventions in early stages of therapy, by engaging couples in “experiments in possibility.” Typical action approaches are described. An extended vignette follows.
The effect of a pre‐existing crack on a running crack in brittle material under dynamic loads
Authors: Zhou Qin , Zhu Zheming , Wang Xiong , Zhou Jiali , Lang Lin , Zhang Xianshang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBrittle material usually contains plenty of cracks or micro‐cracks, which raises a question that how a pre‐existing crack affects a running crack as they are approaching. In order to investigate such issue, impact experiments were conducted by using double crack semi‐circle (DCSC) specimens. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected to make the DCSC specimens, and a modified SHPB system was used to perform the impact tests. The finite difference code AUTODYN was employed to simulate the crack propagation behavior and propagation path, and the simulated crack paths agree well with the impact test results. Meanwhile the stresses around the crack tips were analyzed and the crack propagation direction was investigated. To calculate the crack dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs), finite element code ABAQUS was employed. The results show that the spacing D between the vertical crack tip and the inclined crack center affects the stress distribution and fracture behavior of the vertical crack largely. As the vertical crack approaches the inclined crack, the crack speed is slow down, and tensile stress appears at the inclined crack tip. As the spacing D is small than 50 mm, the vertical crack connects with the middle area of the inclined crack. As the spacing D is 50 mm, the vertical crack connects with either the middle area or the upper tip of the inclined crack. As the spacing D is larger than 50 mm, the vertical crack coalesces with the upper crack tip.
Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in‐situ logging to remote sensing
Authors: Lembrechts Jonas J. , Lenoir Jonathan , Roth Nina , Hattab Tarek , Milbau Ann , Haider Sylvia , Pellissier Loïc , Pauchard Aníbal , Ratier Backes Amanda , Dimarco Romina D. , Nuñez Martin A. , Aalto Juha , Nijs Ivan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimAlthough species distribution models (SDMs) traditionally link species occurrences to free‐air temperature data at coarse spatio‐temporal resolution, the distribution of organisms might instead be driven by temperatures more proximal to their habitats. Several solutions are currently available, such as downscaled or interpolated coarse‐grained free‐air temperatures, satellite‐measured land surface temperatures (LST) or in‐situ‐measured soil temperatures. A comprehensive comparison of temperature data sources and their performance in SDMs is, however, currently lacking.LocationNorthern Scandinavia.Time period1970–2017.Major taxa studiedHigher plants.MethodsWe evaluated different sources of temperature data (WorldClim, CHELSA, MODIS, E‐OBS, topoclimate and soil temperature from miniature data loggers), differing in spatial resolution (from 1″ to 0.1°), measurement focus (free‐air, ground‐surface or soil temperature) and temporal extent (year‐long versus long‐term averages), and used them to fit SDMs for 50 plant species with different growth forms in a high‐latitudinal mountain region.ResultsDifferences between these temperature data sources originating from measurement focus and temporal extent overshadow the effects of temporal climatic differences and spatio‐temporal resolution, with elevational lapse rates ranging from −0.6°C per 100 m for long‐term free‐air temperature data to −0.2°C per 100 m for in‐situ soil temperatures. Most importantly, we found that the performance of the temperature data in SDMs depended on the growth forms of species. The use of in‐situ soil temperatures improved the explanatory power of our SDMs (R2 on average +16%), especially for forbs and graminoids (R2 +24 and +21% on average, respectively) compared with the other data sources.Main conclusionsWe suggest that future studies using SDMs should use the temperature dataset that best reflects the ecology of the species, rather than automatically using coarse‐grained data from WorldClim or CHELSA.
The role of abiotic mechanisms of long‐distance dispersal in the American origin of the Galápagos flora
Authors: Fajardo Javier , Mateo Rubén G. , Vargas Pablo , Fernández-Alonso José Luis , Gómez‐Rubio Virgilio , Felicísimo Ángel M. , Muñoz Jesús 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimLong‐distance dispersal research in plants has long been dominated by the assumption that an association between plant diaspore adaptations and related transport vectors (standard dispersal) determines the success of colonization. However, the role of diaspore adaptations in a biogeographic context is being increasingly questioned, as evidence reveals that unspecialized plants have been successful colonizers by recurrent non‐standard dispersal. We studied wind and oceanic currents as vectors for long‐distance plant dispersal between the Americas and the Galápagos Islands with the focus on diaspore specializations to gain knowledge on the net contribution of standard and non‐standard dispersal mechanisms.LocationEastern Pacific Ocean: the American continent and Galápagos.Major taxa studiedNon‐endemic angiosperms native to Galápagos and the American continent.MethodsWe used connectivity models for prevailing wind and ocean currents based on satellite data to explore the correspondence between connectivity and species distribution patterns. Using a randomization test to eliminate the effect of wind and current directionality, we evaluated whether the proportion of species that is more connected than randomly expected varies for the five diaspore specialization groups.ResultsWe found that a large percentage of the plants are present in areas of the continent where ocean current connectivity with the archipelago is higher than expected by chance, while the percentage is small for areas with high wind connectivity. We did not find correspondence between species long‐distance dispersal specialization and the connectivity provided by either of the two abiotic vectors.Main conclusionsOur results of ocean current connectivity – over wind connectivity – lead us to hypothesize that rafting dispersal has been significant in connecting the biota of Central/South America and the Galápagos Islands. This result supports a more prominent role of non‐standard dispersal mechanisms in a biogeographic context than accepted in traditional schemes.
Oscillayers: A dataset for the study of climatic oscillations over Plio‐Pleistocene time‐scales at high spatial‐temporal resolution
Authors: Gamisch Alexander 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMotivationIn order to understand how species evolutionarily responded to Plio‐Pleistocene climate oscillations (e.g. in terms of speciation, extinction, migration and adaptation), it is first important to have a good understanding of those past climate changes per se. This, however, is currently limited due to the lack of global‐scale climatic datasets with high temporal resolution spanning the Plio‐Pleistocene. To fill this gap, I here present Oscillayers, a global‐scale and region‐specific bioclim dataset, facilitating the study of climatic oscillations during the last 5.4 million years at high spatial (2.5 arc‐minutes) and temporal (10 kyr time periods) resolution. This dataset builds upon interpolated anomalies (Δ layers) between bioclim layers of the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that are scaled relative to the Plio‐Pleistocene global mean temperature curve, derived from benthic stable oxygen isotope ratios, to generate bioclim variables for 539 time periods. Evaluation of the scaled, interpolated estimates of palaeo‐climates generated for the Holocene, Last Interglacial and Pliocene showed good agreement with independent general circulation models (GCMs) for respective time periods in terms of pattern correlation and absolute differences. Oscillayers thus provides a new tool for studying spatial‐temporal patterns of evolutionary and ecological processes at high temporal and spatial resolution.Main types of variable containedNineteen bioclim variables for time periods throughout the Plio‐Pleistocene. Input data and R script to recreate all 19 bioclim variables.Spatial location and grainGlobal at 2.5 arc‐minutes (4.65 x 4.65 = 21.62 km2 at the equator).Time period and grainThe last 5.4 million years. The grain is 10 kyr (= 539 time periods).Level of measurementData are for terrestrial climates (excluding Antarctica) taking sea level changes into account.Software formatAll data are available as ASCII grid files.
Expanding transnational care networks: comparing caring for families with caring for homes
Authors: SCHAAB TITUS , WAGNER LAUREN 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough many factors may motivate a migrant to own a house in their country of origin, significant practical labour is needed to maintain it, as both a material structure intended for shelter and as a symbolic object reflecting attachment to a place of origin. Most research in this area focuses on the significance accorded to transnational houses by their owners and families connoted by the ‘myth of return’, but little attention has been given to how the labour of ownership – constructing, maintaining, overseeing and improving the house – is accomplished. In the light of emerging studies on the care labour that remittance houses require, this article suggests a theoretical framework for studying networks of transnational house maintenance on three dimensions of care – trust, communication, and remittances – observed in networks for transnational family care provisions. A review of literature on transnational home ownership indicates that these dimensions are also present, with some differences in application.
Numerical Simulations of Seasonally Oscillated Groundwater Dynamics in Coastal Confined Aquifers
Authors: Qu Wenjing , Li Hailong , Wang Chaoyue , Zheng Chunmiao , Wang Xuejing , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies investigating the effects of inland recharge on coastal groundwater dynamics were carried out typically in unconfined aquifers, with few in confined aquifers. This study focused on the groundwater dynamics in confined aquifers with seasonally sinusoidally fluctuated inland groundwater head and constant sea level by numerical simulations. It is known that the mixing zone (MZ) of saltwater wedge in response to the seasonal oscillations of inland groundwater head swings around the steady‐state MZ. However, our simulation results indicate that even the most landward freshwater‐saltwater interface over a year is seaward from the steady‐state location when the hydraulic conductivity K is ≤10−4 m/s under certain boundary conditions with given parameter values. That is, seasonal oscillations of inland groundwater head may reduce seawater intrusion in confined coastal aquifers when K ≤ 10−4 m/s. Sensitivity analysis indicates that for aquifers of K ≤ 10−4 m/s, the larger the inland head fluctuation amplitude is, the less the seawater intrudes. This is probably due to the reason that the seawater intrusion time decreases with the increase of fluctuation amplitude when K ≤ 10−4 m/s. Numerical simulations demonstrate that seasonal inland groundwater head oscillations promote the annual averaged recirculated seawater discharge across the seaward boundary.
Development of U–Pb dating of uraninite using a secondary ion mass spectrometer: Selection of reference material and establishment of calibration method
Authors: Horie Kenji , Hidaka Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA method for U–Pb isotopic dating using secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) was developed for uraninite. Correlation between 251(UO)+/235U+ and 206Pb+/235U+ obtained by a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) was adopted for a calibration from secondary ion ratios (Pb+/U+) to the atomic abundance ratios (Pb/U). In this study, a uraninite sample (206Pb/238U = 0.1647) collected from Faraday mine, Bancroft, Canada, is used as a reference material for the U–Pb calibration. The established method was applied to three uraninite samples collected from the Chardon, Ecarpière, and Mistamisk mines. The calibrated 206Pb*/238U ratios of the three uraninites show correlation with Pb/U elemental ratios obtained using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) (correlation coefficients: 0.98, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively), which indicates the reliability of the SHRIMP calibration method used in this study. The analysis of Ecarpière uraninite provides concordant U–Pb data, and a weighted average of the 206Pb*/238U age is 287 Ma ±8 Ma (95 % conf.) which is consistent with the previous chronological results by SIMS. Mistamisk uraninite provides discordant U–Pb data with the upper and lower intercept ages of 1 729 and 421 Ma, which correspond to uraninite formation in association with the Hudsonian orogeny and the remobilization of uranium as pitchblende, respectively. The U–Pb age of Chardon uraninite (315 Ma) is consistent with the igneous activity of Mortagne granite, but is older than the previously reported age (264 Ma). Marcasite in the Chardon uraninite altered to goethite under the oxidizing condition, which indicates that U–Pb system in the uraninite crystallized at 315 Ma was disturbed under the oxidizing condition. The established calibration method using Faraday uraninite is useful for U–Pb isotopic dating on the scale of a few micrometers to tens of micrometers, which make it possible to obtain the accurate age of uraninite.