bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicians' perspectives on medication adherence and health promotion among cancer survivors
Authors: Stump Tammy K. , Robinson June K. , Yanez Betina , Penedo Frank , Ezeofor Adaeze , Kircher Sheetal , Spring Bonnie 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundCancer survivors face an increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with the general population. Adopting a healthy lifestyle may reduce these risks, and guidelines encourage health‐promotion counseling for cancer survivors, but the extent of physician adherence is unclear.MethodsThis mixed‐method study surveyed 91 physicians, including 30 primary care physicians (PCPs), 30 oncologists, and 31 specialists (urologists, dermatologists, and gynecologists). Interviews also were conducted with 12 oncologists.ResultsMost PCPs (90%) reported recommending health promotion (eg, weight loss, smoking cessation) to at least some cancer survivors, whereas few oncologists (26.7%) and specialists (9.7%) said they ever did so (P < .001). Although most physicians believed that at least 50% of cancer survivors would be adherent to medication regimens to prevent cancer recurrence, they also believed that, if patients were trying to lose weight, they would not remain medication‐adherent. In interviews, oncologists expressed fear that providing health‐promotion advice would distress or overwhelm patients. Additional health‐promotion barriers identified by thematic analysis included: identifying cancer as oncologists' focal concern, time pressure, insufficient behavior change training, and care coordination challenges. Facilitators included perceiving a patient benefit and having health‐promotion resources integrated into the cancer care system.ConclusionsPhysicians often do not have the time, expertise, or resources to address health promotion with cancer survivors. Research is needed to evaluate whether health‐promotion efforts compromise medical regimen adherence, as physicians' responses suggest.
Standardized activities for lay patient navigators in breast cancer care: Recommendations from a citywide implementation study
Authors: Freund Karen M. , Haas Jennifer S. , Lemon Stephenie C. , Burns White Karen , Casanova Nicole , Dominici Laura S. , Erban John K. , Freedman Rachel A. , James Ted A. , Ko Naomi Y. , LeClair Amy M. , Moy Beverly , Parsons Susan K. , Battaglia Tracy A. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThere is a need for guidelines on patient navigation activities to promote both the quality of patient navigation and the standards of reimbursement for these services because a lack of reimbursement is a major barrier to the implementation, maintenance, and sustainability of these programs.MethodsA broad community‐based participatory research process was used to identify the needs of patients for navigation. A panel of stakeholders of clinical providers was convened to identify specific activities for navigators to address the needs of patients and providers with the explicit goal of reducing delays in the initiation of cancer treatment and improving adherence to the care plan.ResultsSpecific activities were identified that could be generalized to all patient navigation programs for care during active cancer management to address the needs of vulnerable communities.ConclusionsOncology programs that seek to implement lay patient navigation may benefit from the adoption of these activities for quality monitoring. Such activities are necessary as we consider reimbursement strategies for navigators without clinical training or licensure.
Opposing Electronic and Nuclear Quantum Effects on Hydrogen Bonds in H2O and D2O
Authors: Clark Timothy , Heske Julian , Kühne Thomas D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of extending the O−H bond length(s) in water on the hydrogen‐bonding strength has been investigated using static ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The “polar flattening” effect that causes a slight σ‐hole to form on hydrogen atoms is strengthened when the bond is stretched, so that the σ‐hole becomes more positive and hydrogen bonding stronger. In opposition to this electronic effect, path‐integral ab initio molecular‐dynamics simulations show that the nuclear quantum effect weakens the hydrogen bond in the water dimer. Thus, static electronic effects strengthen the hydrogen bond in H2O relative to D2O, whereas nuclear quantum effects weaken it. These quantum fluctuations are stronger for the water dimer than in bulk water.
Natural Products as a Foundation for Drug Discovery
Authors: Beutler John A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany natural products have been used as drugs for the treatment of diverse indications. Although most U.S. pharmaceutical companies have reduced or eliminated their in‐house natural‐product research over the years, new approaches for compound screening and chemical synthesis are resurrecting interest in exploring the therapeutic value of natural products. The aim of this commentary is to review emerging strategies and techniques that have made natural products a viable strategic choice for inclusion in drug discovery programs. Published 2019. U.S. Government.
In Situ Self‐Assembly of Core–Shell Multimetal Prussian Blue Analogues for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yin Jinwen , Shen Yi , Li Chang , Fan Chenyang , Sun Shixiong , Liu Yi , Peng Jian , Qing Li , Han Jiantao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), such as Prussian blue and its analogues (PB and PBAs) with open frameworks have attracted tremendous attentions as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, owing to their simple method of synthesis and high theoretical specific capacity. In this study, core–shell‐structured PBAs are prepared by an in situ self‐assembly method. Owing to the advantages of both constituents, the as‐prepared core–shell PBAs show excellent rate and cycling electrochemical properties through a dual‐level‐controlled charge–discharge depth mechanism. It delivers a specific capacity of 104.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, as well as a remarkably enhanced cycle performance, giving 88.3 % of its initial capacity over 1000 cycles at 300 mA g−1. In particular, the coating strategy described herein could be extended to other MOF materials, leading to wider application in energy storage.
Genetics of adaptation: Experimental test of a biotic mechanism driving divergence in traits and genes
Authors: Rennison Diana J. , Rudman Seth M. , Schluter Dolph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe genes underlying adaptations are becoming known, yet the causes of selection on genes—a key step in the study of the genetics of adaptation—remains uncertain. We address this issue experimentally in a threespine stickleback species pair showing exaggerated divergence in bony defensive armor in association with competition-driven character displacement. We used semi-natural ponds to test the role of a native predator in causing divergent evolution of armor and two known underlying genes. Predator presence/absence altered selection on dorsal spines and allele frequencies at the Msx2a gene across a generation. Evolutionary trajectories of alleles at a second gene, Pitx1, and the pelvic spine trait it controls, were more variable. Our experiment demonstrates how manipulation of putative selective agents helps to identify causes of evolutionary divergence at key genes, rule out phenotypic plasticity as a sole determinant of phenotypic differences, and eliminate reliance on fitness surrogates. Divergence of predation regimes in sympatric stickleback is associated with coevolution in response to resource competition, implying a cascade of biotic interactions driving species divergence. We suggest that as divergence proceeds, an increasing number of biotic interactions generate divergent selection, causing more evolution in turn. In this way, biotic adaptation perpetuates species divergence through time during adaptive radiation in an expanding number of traits and genes.
Hourly weather observations from the Scottish Highlands (1883–1904) rescued by volunteer citizen scientists
Authors: Hawkins Ed , Burt Stephen , Brohan Philip , Lockwood Michael , Richardson Harriett , Roy Marjory , Thomas Simon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWeather observations taken every hour during the years 1883–1904 on the summit of Ben Nevis (1345 m above sea level) and in the town of Fort William in the Scottish Highlands have been transcribed from the original publications into digital form. More than 3,500 citizen scientist volunteers completed the digitization in less than 3 months using the WeatherRescue.org website. Over 1.5 million observations of atmospheric pressure, wet‐ and dry‐bulb temperatures, precipitation and wind speed were recovered. These data have been quality controlled and are now made openly available, including hourly values of relative humidity derived from the digitized dry‐ and wet‐bulb temperatures using modern hygrometric algorithms. These observations are one of the most detailed weather data collections available for anywhere in the UK in the Victorian era. In addition, 374 observations of aurora borealis seen by the meteorologists from the summit of Ben Nevis have been catalogued and this has improved the auroral record for studies of space weather.
The Prevalence of Wilson’s Disease: An Update
Authors: Sandahl Thomas Damgaard , Laursen Tea Lund , Munk Ditte Emilie , Vilstrup Hendrik , Weiss Karl Heinz , Ott Peter 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
In 1984, Scheinberg and Sternlieb estimated the prevalence of Wilson’s disease to be 1:30,000 based on the limited available data. This suggested a large number of overlooked cases with potentially fatal consequences. The “Scheinberg‐Sternlieb Estimate” is still widely used, although more recent clinical and genetic studies of higher quality are now available. In the present study, we included these data to update the prevalence estimate.

Approach and Results
A MEDLINE Ovid, Science Citation Index Expanded, and PubMed systematic search for all relevant studies on the prevalence of Wilson’s disease was conducted. In total, 59 studies (50 clinical and 9 population‐based genetic) were included in the final analysis. We identified 4 recent clinical studies based on nationwide databases of high quality, providing prevalence estimates from 1:29,000 to 1:40,000. Higher frequency populations do exist because of frequent first‐cousin marriages and/or a higher mutation frequency. When calculating prevalence from the incidence related to number of births, estimates were 1:40,000‐1:50,000. Clinical screening studies, including examination for Kayser‐Fleischer rings or ceruloplasmin, did not improve these estimates because of insufficient sample size or selection biases. Population‐based genetic studies in US and UK populations were not in disagreement with the clinically based estimates. At the same time, studies from France and Sardinia suggested that the genetic prevalence may be 3‐4 times higher than the clinical disease prevalence. This raises the question whether the penetrance is indeed 100% as generally assumed.

Conclusions
The original prevalence estimate from 1984 of 1:30,000‐1:50,000 still appears valid, at least for the United States, Europe, and Asia. In some population‐based studies, the genetic prevalence was 3‐4 times higher than clinically based estimates. The question of penetrance needs further evaluation.
LncRNA HULC promotes lung squamous cell carcinoma by regulating PTPRO via NF‐κB
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Jingyun , Wang Pingping , Zhang Zhenliang , Wang Xuetao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccumulating studies have implicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in lung cancer. However, little is known of the role of lncRNA highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) in the pathogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, we investigated the modifying effects and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA HULC in LSCC. Significantly decreased level of lncRNA HULC was observed in LSCC samples compared with adjacent tissues. Besides, the expression of lncRNA HULC was negatively associated with protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) in LSCC. Moreover, lncRNA HULC could promote the proliferation of LSCC cells by downregulating the expression PTPRO dependent on the phosphorylation and activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). The present study firstly shows strong evidence supporting a critical role of lncRNA HULC in promoting LSCC by regulating PTPRO/NF‐κB signaling pathway, which provides new promising biomarkers for LSCC.
How residents in multifamily housing cope with neighbour noise: The role of attitude towards the neighbours
Authors: Park Sang Hee , Lee Pyoung Jik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsResidents in multifamily housing are considerably exposed to neighbour noise, which can lead to neighbour disputes and even criminal violence. This study investigated how residents’ attitudes towards noisy neighbours develop and the role of such attitudes in their reactions to neighbour noise.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were carried out with 57 South Korean residents. The data were collected and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Concepts and categories were identified through open coding and axial coding, respectively.ResultsResidents’ attitudes towards the neighbours (i.e., noise source) were grouped into friends, enemies, and strangers/acquaintances. Each attitude formation was influenced by the individual's past experience/history, the attitude shown by the neighbours, and the predictability/certainty of noise exposure. Different attitudes towards the neighbours resulted in different cognitive and behavioural copings.ConclusionGiven that the neighbour noise issue involves the interpersonal relationship between neighbours, the findings extend the scope of existing understanding. The paper suggests that further investigation into coping strategies would have practical implementations for reducing conflict arising from neighbour disputes.
Randomized Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Safety of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Acute Postoperative Pain in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Hammer Gregory B. , Maxwell Lynne G. , Taicher Brad M. , Visoiu Mihaela , Cooper David S. , Szmuk Peter , Pheng Leng Hong , Gosselin Nathalie H. , Lu Jia , Devarakonda Krishna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntravenous administration of acetaminophen is an alternative to the oral and rectal routes, which may be contraindicated in particular clinical settings. This randomized, placebo‐controlled study of intravenous acetaminophen (Ofirmev, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Bedminster, New Jersey) in neonate and infant patients with acute postoperative pain assessed pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety, in addition to efficacy and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses administered over 24 hours. Neonate and infant patients (<2 years of age) who were undergoing surgery or had experienced a traumatic injury and were expected to need pain management for at least 24 hours were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive intravenous acetaminophen low dose, intravenous acetaminophen high dose, or placebo. A population PK model of intravenous acetaminophen was updated by combining 581 samples from the current study of 158 neonate and infant subjects with results from a previously developed model. The individual predicted‐versus‐observed concentrations plots showed that the structural PK model fit the blood and plasma acetaminophen concentration‐versus‐time profiles in the active and placebo groups. Terminal elimination half‐life was prolonged in neonates and younger infants and in intermediate and older infants similar to values in adults. When compared with placebo, total rescue opioid consumption was similar and significantly fewer intravenous acetaminophen patients prematurely discontinued because of treatment‐emergent adverse events (P < .01). For intravenous acetaminophen, neonates receiving 12.5 mg/kg every 6 hours had PK profiles similar to younger, intermediate, and older infants, adolescents, and adults weighing <50 kg receiving 15 mg/kg every 6 hours and adults ≥ 50 kg receiving 1000 mg every 6 hours.
Preferential Inhibition of JAK1 Relative to JAK3 by Upadacitinib: Exposure‐Response Analyses of Ex Vivo Data From 2 Phase 1 Clinical Trials and Comparison to Tofacitinib
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Beck Denise , Camp Heidi S. , Othman Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUpadacitinib is a selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor being developed for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This study characterizes the relationships between upadacitinib exposure and interleukin (IL)‐6–induced signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation (pSTAT3) and IL‐7–induced STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) in the ex vivo setting as measures for JAK1 and JAK1/JAK3 inhibition, respectively, with comparison to tofacitinib. Drug plasma concentrations and ex vivo IL‐6–induced pSTAT3 and IL‐7–induced pSTAT5 in blood from subjects evaluated in 2 phase 1 studies who received immediate‐release 1 mg to 48 mg upadacitinib, 5 mg twice daily (BID) tofacitinib, or placebo were determined. Exposure‐response models were developed, and the effects of different upadacitinib doses on ex vivo biomarker responses were simulated and compared to tofacitinib. Upadacitinib (and tofacitinib) reversibly inhibited IL‐6–induced pSTAT3 and IL‐7–induced pSTAT5 in a concentration‐dependent manner. Model‐estimated values of 50% of the maximum effect were 60.7 nM for upadacitinib and 119 nM for tofacitinib for IL‐6–induced pSTAT3 inhibition, and 125 nM for upadacitinib and 79.1 nM for tofacitinib for IL‐7–induced pSTAT5 inhibition. Tofacitinib 5 mg BID is estimated to have a similar magnitude of effect on IL‐6–induced pSTAT3 to ∼3 mg BID of upadacitinib (immediate‐release formulation), whereas a 4‐fold higher dose of upadacitinib (∼12 mg BID), is estimated to show a similar magnitude of inhibition on IL‐7–induced pSTAT5 as tofacitinb 5 mg BID. This study confirms that in humans, upadacitinib has greater selectivity for JAK1 vs JAK3 relative to the rheumatoid arthritis approved dose of tofacitinib, and results from these analyses informed the selection of upadacitinib IR doses evaluated in phase 2.
An Observational Study of Smoflipid vs Intralipid on the Evolution of Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease in Infants With Intestinal Failure
Authors: Belza Christina , Wales John C. , Courtney‐Martin Glenda , de Silva Nicole , Avitzur Yaron , Wales Paul W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSMOFlipid has a more diverse lipid profile than traditional Intralipid and has become the standard lipid for patients in our intestinal rehabilitation program. Our objective was to compare outcomes in neonates with intestinal failure (IF) who received SMOFlipid against those receiving Intralipid.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of infants with IF with a minimum follow‐up of 12 months in 2008–2016. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: group 1 received SMOFlipid; group 2 was a historical cohort who received Intralipid. The primary outcome was liver function evaluated using conjugated bilirubin (CB) levels. Statistical analysis included the Mann‐Whitney U and χ2 tests, with an α value < 0.05 considered significant. Approval was obtained from our institutional review board.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were evaluated (17 = SMOFlipid, 20 = Intralipid). SMOFlipid patients were less likely to reach CB of 34 (24% vs 55%, P = 0.05), 50 µmol/L (11.8% vs 45%; P = 0.028), and did not require Omegaven (0% vs 30%; P = 0.014). CB level at 3 months after initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN) was lower in patients receiving SMOFlipid (0 vs 36 µmol/L; P = 0.01). Weight z‐scores were improved for patients receiving SMOFlipid at 3 months (−0.932 vs −2.092; P = 0.028) and 6 months (−0.633 vs −1.614; P = 0.018). There were no differences in PN‐supported patients or demographics between the groups.ConclusionUse of SMOFlipid resulted in decreased development of IF‐associated liver disease in patients with IF when assessed using biochemical tests.
A novel preoperative risk score to predict lymph node positivity for rectal neuroendocrine tumors: An NCDB analysis to guide operative technique
Authors: Gamboa Adriana C. , Liu Yuan , Lee Rachel M. , Zaidi Mohammad Y. , Staley Charles A. , Russell Maria C. , Cardona Kenneth , Sullivan Patrick S. , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveStaging and type of resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumors (R‐NETS) relies on preoperative identification of lymph node (LN) involvement. Study objective was to develop a Preoperative Rectal Stratification Score (PReSS) for LN‐positivity and to assess the association of PReSS with overall survival (OS).MethodsAll patients in the National Cancer Database (2004‐2014) with non‐metastatic/nonfunctional R‐NETS were included. Tumor size was divided into three categories (<1, 1‐2, and ≥2 cm).ResultsAmong 383 patients, median age was 57 years, 52% were male (n = 200), median tumor size was 1.4 cm, 43% had positive LNs (n = 163). On univariate analysis, age  > 60, poorly differentiated grade, depth of invasion past submucosa, and size >1 cm were associated with LN positivity. On multivariable analysis, depth of invasion past submucosa, and increasing tumor size >1 cm remained associated with LN positivity. As these can be determined preoperatively, incidence of LN positivity was determined for each combination of tumor size and depth of invasion. Each variable was assigned a score to create a PReSS of four groups (0‐3) associated with an increasing rate of LN‐positivity (PReSS group 0: 11%, 1: 38%, 2: 50%, 3: 78%, P < .01). PReSS correlated with 10‐year OS (PReSS 0: 90%; 1: 81%; 2: 59%; 3: 41%).ConclusionFor R‐NETS, depth of invasion and tumor size predict LN positivity and both can be obtained preoperatively. PReSS incorporates both variables and stratifies tumors into four risk groups of progressively increasing LN positivity and should be used to guide surgical approach.
Risk factors for unplanned readmission in total laryngectomy patients
Authors: Vimawala Swar , Topf Michael C. , Savard Corey , Zhan Tingting , Keane William , Luginbuhl Adam , Goldman Richard , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo determine which patient or surgical factors affect the likelihood of unplanned readmission (within 30 days) after total laryngectomy (TL).MethodsRetrospective chart review of all patients who underwent TL at a single institution from April 2007 through August 2016. Primary outcome was unplanned readmission to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for unplanned readmission.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐eight patients met inclusion criteria. Twenty‐nine patients (10.4%) had unplanned readmissions within 30 days. The most common reasons for readmission were pharyngocutaneous fistula (n = 15), neck abscess (n = 3), and wound breakdown (n = 4). Average time to unplanned readmission was 11.2 days (range 0–27 days). Fistula (OR 30.259; 95% CI, 9.186, 118.147; P ≤ .001), postoperative pneumonia (OR 9.491; 95% CI, 1.783, 53.015; P = .008), and history of cardiac disease (OR 7.074; 95% CI, 2.324, 25.088, P = .001) were independently associated with an increased risk of 30‐day unplanned readmission on multivariate analysis. However, return to OR on initial admission was associated with a lower risk of unplanned readmission (OR 0.075; 95% CI, 0.009, 0.402; P = .007). Unplanned readmission was associated with a delay in initiation of adjuvant radiation (OR 1.494; 95% CI, 1.397, 1.599; P < .001).ConclusionUnplanned readmission occurs in a small but significant number of TL patients. Patients who have a 30‐day unplanned readmission may be at risk for a delay in initiation of adjuvant therapy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1725–1732, 2020