bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and test accumulation in coastal microhabitats on San Salvador, Bahamas
Authors: Fischel Andrea , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , Vad Odgaard Bent 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Benthic foraminiferal populations were studied in a shallow bay of San Salvador Island, the Bahamas. Surface sediments and marine macrophytes were collected from 14 sample sites along a 500 m transect at Grahams Harbour to investigate the foraminiferal assemblage in each microhabitat and to test the link between dead foraminiferal test accumulation patterns and living epiphytic and sedimentary foraminiferal assemblages, macrophyte distribution, and environmental gradients. The analyses include grain size measurements, macrophyte biomass quantification, and qualitative and quantitative studies of benthic foraminifera. The foraminifera found attached to macrophytes differed between macrophyte habitats. However, a correlation between these living communities and the dead assemblages in the sediments at the same sites could not be observed. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) suggest that the presence of the macroalgae Halimeda explains 16 % of the residual faunal variation in the dead foraminiferal assemblage after the effects of sorting according to fall speed are partialled out. The RDA also reflects a positive correlation between foraminifera larger than 1.0 mm in diameter and the 0.25–0.5 mm sediment grain size, indicating sedimentological processes as the main factor controlling the sedimentary epiphytic foraminiferal assemblages. These sedimentary processes overprint most effects of ecological features or macrophyte-specific association.
DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM APPLIED IN A NUMERICAL COST OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF A SHELL AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Martinez L. C. , Mariani V. C. , Coelho L. S. , Segundo E. H. V. 
Published: November 2018

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most common heat exchangers that can be found in several industrial applications. The reduction of the investment cost and the operation of this equipment it’s one of main industrial designers and entrepreneurs aim. With the intention of reducing total costs of a shell-and-tube heat exchangers, as proposed by Caputo et al. (2008), employed in this present study the optimization technique called Differential Evolution (DE), which basically consists in a calculation mechanism, supported on operators of “crossing” and “mutation” differential, through mathematical and heuristics arguments that indicate your adequacy for function optimization. This study is defined as a mono-objective optimization problem and the total cost of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is the objective function. To this, it was taken as a design variable intern diameter tube, the outer diameter of the shell and the spacing between baffles or deflectors. The results reached in this work were compared with the same problem when used GA (Genetics Algorithms), PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), QPSO (Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization) and QPSOZ (Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization by Zaslavskii). Regarding the literature, the capital investment in the heat exchange reduces corresponding in 15.2% and consequently the depreciation charge of the equipment decrease approximately 12.5%. In general, the total cost of the shell-and-tube heat exchange in analysis, presented a reduction of 15%, showing the potential of applied method in this study, the technique DE.
SIMULACION NUMERICA DE LA COMBUSTION EN UNA CALDERA A GAS NATURAL UTILIZANDO UN MECANISMO DE REACCION REDUCIDO
Authors: Echaniz Victoria , Brizuela Eduardo 
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo se resuelve por el método de los volúmenes finitos, y aplicando un Esquema de Reacción Reducido y conceptos de Eddy Break Up, la combustión de gas natural en aire en una caldera de vapor. Se presentan resultados de la simulación de una llama de difusión turbulenta, en escala natural y condiciones operacionales, con transmisión de calor por conducción/convección y radiación. Por tratarse de una tarea en progreso y de largo alcance que involucra una caldera en servicio los resultados son preliminares y la comparación con resultados experimentales es limitada. No obstante, los resultados obtenidos son considerados satisfactorios, aunque indican que es necesario continuar refinando los modelos de mezclado y radiación para reproducir mejor las condiciones reales. ABSTRACT Combustion of natural gas in air in a utility boiler is simulated by means of a finite volume approach, using a Reduced Reaction Scheme and Eddy Break Up concepts. Results are presented for a turbulent diffusion flame, under operational conditions and in full size, including heat transfer by conduction/convection and radiation. Preliminary results only are presented and a limited comparison with experimental results is made due to the scope of the task which involves a facility in service. Nevertheless, results are considered satisfactory, although there are indications that it is necessary to continue refining the mixing and radiation models for better matching with operational conditions.
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO THERMAL SPRAY AND OTHER METAL/POLYMER DEPOSITION PROCESSES AND THEIR POTENTIAL USE IN THE OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Anjos G. V. M. , Sydenstricker T. H. D. , Paredes R. S. C. , Amico S. C. 
Published: November 2018

Polymeric coatings are being used in a raising number of applications, contributing to protection against weather conditions and localized corrosion, also reducing erosion wear. The coatings may be deposited by various processes and thermal spray is being recently investigated as a new alternative. This paper reports an exploratory study into various polymer deposition processes and evaluates their influence on the quality of the produced coating, concerning dispersion, cohesiveness and adhesion onto steel substrates. Different content aluminum/MDPE (medium density polyethylene) mixtures and processing parameters were studied as an attempt to identify the most promising parameters regarding their future application to produce coatings for the oil industry. The material characterization was carried out via mechanical testing (ASTM D638). The coating adhesion was evaluated by bend and ASTM C633-79 tensile tests. A microscopy evaluation of the coatings was also carried out. The produced films showed low friction surfaces and adequate adhesion to steel substrates. The presence of MAN (maleic anhydride) in the composite was responsible for the MDPE to recover its ductility, with a small increase of strength and rigidity, as well as a significant enhancement of coating adhesion to substrate.
CFD STUDIO: AN EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE FOR CFD ANALYSIS
Authors: Pieritz R. A. , Mendes R. , Ferraz R. , Maliska C. R. 
Published: November 2018

The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the general characteristics of the educational user-friendly CFD Studio package for CFD teaching. The package was designed for teaching 2D fluid mechanics and heat transfer process, including conduction, coupled conduction/convection, natural and forced convection, external and internal flows, among other phenomena. The finite volume methodology and its related topics can also be taught using the software. Therefore, general aspects of the three main modules, pre-processor, solver and post-processor are discussed aiming to show the generality of the tool. These modules are integrated in the application by a so-called numerical problem project which guide the student through the steps to obtain the solution. To approximate the partial differential equations the finite volume approach is employed using a fully-implicit formulation with the interpolation schemes CDS, UDS and WUDS. Mesh editing and nonorthogonal boundary-fitted mesh generation, using algebraic interpolation and elliptic equations, are important features of the package. Coupled heat transfer problems are handled using the solid-block formulation and the pressure-velocity coupling uses the SIMPLE and SIMPLEC methods with non-staggered grids. To demonstrate the capabilities two fluid flow and heat transfer problem projects are presented.
MACROSCOPIC TURBULENCE MODEL ADJUSTMENT FOR A POROUS MEDIUM MODELED AS AN INFINITE ARRAY OF TRANSVERSALLY-DISPLACED ELLIPTIC RODS
Authors: Pedras M. H. J. , De Lemos M. J. S. 
Published: November 2018

Through the volumetric averaging of the microscopic transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy, k, and its dissipation rate, , a macroscopic model was proposed for flow in porous media (Pedras and de Lemos, IJHMT 44 (6) 2001). As an outcome of the volume averaging process, additional terms appeared in the equations for k and . These terms were here adjusted assuming the porous structure to be modeled as an infinity array of transversal elliptic rods. Such an adjustment was obtained by numerically solving the microscopic flow governing equations, using a low and high Reynolds formulation, in the periodic cell composing the infinite medium. Different porosity and aspect ratios were investigated. The adjusted model was compared against others types of rods found in the literature, showing similar results.
INCORPORATION OF A TWO-FLUX MODEL FOR RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN A COMPREHENSIVE FLUIDIZED BED SIMULATOR PART II: NUMERICAL RESULTS AND ASSESSMENT
Authors: Rabi J. A. , De Souza-Santos M. L. 
Published: November 2018

As shown in the first part of this paper, equations and considerations for a preliminary attempt to improve the treatment for radiative heat transfer of a previous comprehensive simulation program were presented. For that, the two-flux radiative heat transfer model was applied. In this second part, the new version of that program was tested against steady-state operations of real equipment. Numerical simulations were carried for two different fluidized-bed reactors: a coal-fed boiler and a wood-fed gasifier. Computational results obtained with that new version were compared with those obtained with the previous simulator version. Then, both sets of results were also compared with real operational data. Special attention was paid to the temperature profiles of each particle species present in the bed section  carbonaceous, limestone and inert  as well as to the radiative heat transfer rates between these solids. Effects on the temperature profiles of the gas phases  emulsion and bubbles  and on the equipment performance parameters were also investigated. Improvements related to the incorporation of two-flux model are assessed and discussed. New developments and extensions of this approach are indicated.
SURGERY BY INFRARED VISION
Authors: Brioschi M. L. , Malafaia O. , Costa A. F. C. B. , Vargas J. V. 
Published: November 2018

This paper is about the development, uses and advantages of infrared thermography. Its principles had already been used by old civilizations as a manner of diseases diagnosis. The discovery of the infrared waves and its heating power happened on 1800, but its use in modern Medicine as a diagnosis method was only possible because of the scientific and technological development demanded by the Great Wars, in the 20th century. Here the authors present some news and promising surgery applications.
FLOW AROUND MODIFIED CIRCULAR CILYNDERS
Authors: Ferreira R. L. , Vieira E. D. R. 
Published: November 2018

The flow around a circular cylinder has awaken the attention of different researchers since the historic Strouhal's work of 1878. Ever since, many experimental and numeric works have been carried out in order to determine the relationship between the vortex shedding frequency and the flow regime. Recently, a number of studies have been developed using several small modifications in circular cylinder. In this work a circular cylinder modified with a longitudinal concave notch, has been tested in order to determine the relationship between the non-dimensional vortex shedding frequency (Strouhal number) and the Reynolds number has been determined to Reynolds up to 600. Additionally a modified circular cylinder with a longitudinal slit also has been tested in order to determine the Strouhal-Reynolds relationship in several attack angle configurations. The experiments have been carried out in a vertical low turbulence hydrodynamic tunnel with 146x146x500 mm of test section operating in continuous mode. Flow visualization by direct liquid dye injection has been utilized in order to produce vortex images. These images have been captured in still chemical photography for different Reynolds numbers. A hot-film probe has been adequately positioned in the vortex wake to determine the vortex shedding frequency and consequently the Strouhal number.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IAPWS-IF97 FORMULATION PERFORMANCE FOR THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WATER ON A RANKINE CYCLE
Authors: Fonseca Jr. J. G. , Schneider P. S. 
Published: November 2018

The present paper presents the computational implementation of the industrial formulation of the thermodynamic properties of water at liquid and steam phases, proposed by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, known as IAPWS-IF97. The validity field extends over to temperatures T between 0ºC and 800°C, for pressures p up to 100 MPa. Temperature T, specific volume v, specific enthalpy h, specific entropy s, specific heat at constant pressure cp and constant volume cv, besides saturation pressure ps, are calculated having a pair of known input values (p,T), (p,h) or (p,s). A comparative analysis between the IAPWS-IF97 routines and others, based on foregoing propositions, from an application on Rankine cycle, is made. IAPWS-IF97 has proved to be more precise, mainly because it accounts for the region of compressed liquid, besides requiring less processing time. The development is carried out as FORTRAN90 subroutines and functions and is available for public use according to a General Public License.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER
Authors: Oliveira P. , Soares J. , Karam H. A. , Pereira M. M. R. , Marques Filho E. P. 
Published: November 2018

This work describes the major available techniques to simulate the time and space evolution of the planetary boundary layer. For homogeneous and equilibrium conditions the structure of the planetary boundary layer can be diagnosed from the Monin-Obukhov, Free Convection, Local and Mixed Layer Similarity theories. For the other atmospheric conditions the planetary boundary layer can be numerically simulated using first and second order closure models and large eddy models. The closure models take into consideration the traditional statistical approach. Large eddy simulation models are based on the filtered equations of motion and require the statistical approach to estimate subgrid turbulence.
THE APPLICATION OF THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD TO SOLVE VISCOUS FLOW PROBLEMS BASED ON PRIMITIVE VARIABLES FORMULATION
Authors: Santos M. F. C. L. , Barbosa J. R. , Carneiro H. F. F. M. 
Published: November 2018

The boundary element method is applied to the solution of incompressible fluid flow problems governed by the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations. The differential equations are transformed into integral equations. Indication of the transformation is given in detail. Application to simple flow cases such as the driven cavity and forward facing step is presented. Convergence difficulties are indicated, which have limited the applications to flows of low Reynolds numbers..
Du « savoir » à la « compétence »
Authors: Gulian Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de proposer quelques pistes de réflexion aux jeunes docteur·e·s en science politique pour faciliter leur transition professionnelle entre le monde universitaire et le marché du travail extra-universitaire. Identifiant certains acquis essentiels de la formation doctorale, l’auteur montre en quoi ils constituent des atouts pour des organisations extra-universitaires. Si les jeunes docteur·e·s peuvent éprouver des difficultés à réaliser leur transition professionnelle vers le marché du travail non universitaire, cela s’explique par le fait que ce dernier est fondé sur le paradigme de la « compétence », tandis que l’université reconnaît plutôt celui de « savoir ». L’article se termine sur quelques conseils pour faciliter ce passage d’un paradigme à un autre.
Control in Subsidiary Networks in Asia: Toward an Extension of the Centralisation-Formalisation-Socialisation (CFS) Model
Authors: Amann Bruno , Jaussaud Jacques , Schaaper Johannes 
Published: November 2018

Prior research establishes that international control by multinational corporations is based on three dimensions: centralisation, formalisation and socialisation. New control mechanisms appeared in the last decade, such as enterprise resource planning, short-term assignments and regional centres. Do these new mechanisms fit the three control dimensions? How do MNCs articulate their control mechanisms, including new ones? Using interviews with 77 managers of 47 French MNCs in 11 Asian countries, this study presents an exploratory factor analysis and clustering. The findings show that French MNCs control their Asian subsidiaries through four dimensions: centralisation of decision making, formalisation of subsidiaries, socialisation and expatriation.
Temperature as a Causative Factor in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Call to Revisit Ulceration Pathomechanics
Authors: Yavuz Metin , Ersen Ali , Hartos Jessica , Lavery Lawrence A. , Wukich Dane K. , Hirschman Gordon B. , Armstrong David G. , Quiben Myla U. , Adams Linda S. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major burden to patients and to the health-care systems of many countries. To prevent or treat ulcers more effectively, predictive biomarkers are needed. We examined temperature as a biomarker and as a causative factor in ulcer development.

Methods:
Thirty-seven individuals with diabetes were enrolled in this observational case-control study: nine with diabetic neuropathy and ulcer history (DFU), 14 with diabetic neuropathy (DN), and 14 nonneuropathic control participants (DC). Resting barefoot plantar temperatures were recorded using an infrared thermal camera. Mean temperatures were determined in four anatomical regions—hallux and medial, central, and lateral forefoot—and separate linear models with specified contrasts among the DFU, DN, and DC groups were set to reveal mean differences for each foot region while controlling for group characteristics.

Results:
The mean temperature reading in each foot region was higher than 30.0°C in the DFU and DN groups and lower than 30.0°C in the DC group. Mean differences were greatest between the DFU and DC groups, ranging from 3.2°C in the medial forefoot to 4.9°C in the hallux.

Conclusions:
Increased plantar temperatures in individuals with a history of ulcers may include acute temperature increases from plantar stresses, chronic inflammation from prolonged stresses, and impairment in temperature regulation from autonomic neuropathy. Diabetic foot temperatures, particularly in patients with previous ulcers, may easily reach hazard thresholds indicated by previous pressure ulcer studies. The results necessitate further exploration of temperature in the diabetic foot and how it may contribute to ulceration.
Intake of supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation and its association with child nutrition in Timor Leste
Authors: Yaya Sanni , Wang Ruoxi , Tang Shangfeng , Ghose Bishwajit 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
There is little evidence on maternal consumption of supplementary food on nutritional status of children. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence and determinants of supplementary food intake during pregnancy and lactation, and their association with nutritional status of under-five children in Timor Leste.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from Timor Leste Demographic and Health Survey on 5,993 mother (15–49 years) child dyads (<5 years) were included in the analysis. Self-reported intake of supplementary food intake was the explanatory variable. Child’s nutritional status was assessed by stunting, wasting, and underweight and categorized according to WHO recommendations.

Results
The prevalence of taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation was, respectively, 29.1% (95% CI [27.2–31.0]) 31.0% (95% CI [29.1–33.0]), and that of taking iron supplement during pregnancy was close to three-fifths (63.1%, 95% CI [60.9–65.3]). The odds of taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation were lower among those in the younger age groups and higher among urban residents. Compared with mothers who had supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation, those did not have had respectively 1.36 (OR = 1.360, 95% CI [1.191–2.072]) and 1.15 times (OR = 1.152, 95% CI [1.019–1.754]) higher odds of having stunted, and 1.30 (OR = 1.307, 95% CI [1.108–1.853]) and 1.43 (OR = 1.426, 95% CI [1.140–1.863]) times higher odds of having underweight children. Those who had none of the supplements had respectively 1.67 (OR = 1.674, 95% CI [1.118–2.087]) and 1.63 (OR = 1.631, 95% CI [1.130–2.144]) times higher odds of having stunted and underweight children.

Conclusion
A great majority of the mothers in Timor Leste are not taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation. We found a positive relationship between supplementary food intake during pregnancy and lactation with stunting and wasting among under-five children.
Formen und Inhalte althethitischer historischer Literatur. By Amir Gilan
Authors: Pallavidini Marta 
Published: November 2018

Formen und Inhalte althethitischer historischer Literatur. By Amir Gilan. Texte der Hethiter, vol. 29.
Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2015. Pp. xii + 404. €45 (paper).
Worldly Gurus and Spiritual Kings: Architecture and Asceticism in Medieval India. By Tamara I. Sears
Authors: Patel Alka 
Published: November 2018

Worldly Gurus and Spiritual Kings: Architecture and Asceticism in Medieval India. By Tamara I.
Sears. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. Pp. 300, illus. $75.
“. . . für die Wißenschaft, der ich von ganzer Seele lebe.” Otto Böhtlingk (1815–1904): Ein Gelehrten- leben rekonstruiert und beschrieben anhand seiner Briefe; and Otto Böhtlingk an Rudolf Roth: Briefe zum Petersburger Wörterbuch 1852–1885. Index
Authors: Rocher Rosane 
Published: November 2018

“. . . für die Wißenschaft, der ich von ganzer Seele lebe.” Otto Böhtlingk (1815–1904): Ein Gelehrten- leben rekonstruiert und beschrieben anhand seiner Briefe. By Agnes Stache-Weiske. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 2017. Pp. xv + 583. €118.
Otto Böhtlingk an Rudolf Roth: Briefe zum Petersburger Wörterbuch 1852–1885. Index. By Agnes Stache-Weiske, Gabriele Zeller, and Frank Köhler. Veröffentlichungen der Helmuth von Glasenapp-Stiftung, vol. 45.2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 2015. Pp. 188. €59.
Resenha: GANS, Herbert . Cultura popular e alta cultura. Uma análise e avaliação do gosto. São Paulo, Edições Sesc, 2014.
Authors: Silva Maurício 
Published: November 2018

Resenha do livro:
GANS, Herbert . Cultura popular e alta cultura. Uma análise e avaliação do gosto. São Paulo, Edições Sesc, 2014.
High‐Frequency (Shortwave) Broadcasting
Authors: Elliott Kim Andrew 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh‐frequency (HF) or shortwave broadcasting has existed since the 1930s both for international and domestic mass communication. It played an important role in World War II and the Cold War. MostHFbroadcasting has been funded and conducted by national governments, but religious and commercial organizations have also participated. Over the years,HFbroadcasting has conveyed a large amount of propaganda, but audiences have tended to tune to shortwave in search of reliable and uncensored news.The number ofHFbroadcast stations and frequency hours has declined in the twenty‐first century as other media, particularly the Internet and satellites, have become more popular among global audiences for the reception of information and entertainment. Nevertheless, as the Internet becomes more subject to censorship,HFbroadcasting may still play a role in providing uncensored news to countries where mass media are controlled.