bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dihydroartemisinin and its Analogs: A New Class of Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Kalani Komal , Chaturvedi Vinita , Trivedi Priyanka , Tondon Sudeep , Srivastava Santosh Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Resistance against
the frontline anti-tubercular drugs has worsened the already alarming situation, which requires intensive drug
discovery to develop new, more effective, affordable and accessible anti-tubercular agents possessing novel
modes of action.

Objective:
Chemical transformation of dihydroartemisinin for anti-tubercular lead optimization.

Methods:
Dihydroartemisinin, a metabolite of artemisinin was chemically converted into eight acyl derivatives
and were evaluated for anti-tubercular potential against H37Rv virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by
agar-based proportion assay. Further, synergistic activity of 12-O-m-anisoyl dihydroartemisinin was also studied
with the front-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin.

Results:
The results showed that all the derivatives were active but out of eight, 12-O-m-anisoyl dihydroartemisinin
and 12-O-p-anisoyl dihydroartemisinin were significantly active (MIC 25.0 µg/mL). In synergistic activity
evaluation, the 12-O-m-anisoyl dihydroartemisinin derivative showed reduction in MIC (by 1/8th, i.e. 3.12
µg/mL and that of rifampicin by ¼th, i.e. 0.05 µg/mL) with the front-line anti-TB drug, rifampicin. The sumfractional
inhibitory concentration (Σ FIC) was 0.375.

Conclusion:
These results suggested a synergistic effect of the 12-O-m-anisoyl dihydroartemisinin with rifampicin
and established its base for the development of anti-tubercular agents from an in-expensive and non-toxic
natural product. To the best of our knowledge this is the first ever report on the anti-tubercular potential of
dihydroartemisinin and its derivatives.
Quantum Molecular Dynamics, Topological, Group Theoretical and Graph Theoretical Studies of Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Balasubramanian Krishnan , Gupta Satya P. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are becoming increasingly important as PPIs form the basis of multiple aggregation-related diseases such as cancer, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, and Alzheimer’s diseases. This mini-review presents hybrid quantum molecular dynamics, quantum chemical, topological, group theoretical, graph theoretical, and docking studies of PPIs. We also show how these theoretical studies facilitate the discovery of some PPI inhibitors of therapeutic importance.Objective:The objective of this review is to present hybrid quantum molecular dynamics, quantum chemical, topological, group theoretical, graph theoretical, and docking studies of PPIs. We also show how these theoretical studies enable the discovery of some PPI inhibitors of therapeutic importance.Methods:This article presents a detailed survey of hybrid quantum dynamics that combines classical and quantum MD for PPIs. The article also surveys various developments pertinent to topological, graph theoretical, group theoretical and docking studies of PPIs and highlight how the methods facilitate the discovery of some PPI inhibitors of therapeutic importance.Results:It is shown that it is important to include higher-level quantum chemical computations for accurate computations of free energies and electrostatics of PPIs and Drugs with PPIs, and thus techniques that combine classical MD tools with quantum MD are preferred choices. Topological, graph theoretical and group theoretical techniques are shown to be important in studying large network of PPIs comprised of over 100,000 proteins where quantum chemical and other techniques are not feasible. Hence, multiple techniques are needed for PPIs.Conclusion:Drug discovery and our understanding of complex PPIs require multifaceted techniques that involve several disciplines such as quantum chemistry, topology, graph theory, knot theory and group theory, thus demonstrating a compelling need for a multi-disciplinary approach to the problem.
High Frequency of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Sewage and Fecal Samples of Healthy Carriers
Authors: Haghi Fakhri , Shirmohammadlou Neda , Bagheri Rabab , Jamali Sama , Zeighami Habib 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:Enterococci are part of the microbial flora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and human and can be released into the environment through fecal materials. These microorganisms play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) have been obtained in municipal sewage, hospital and agricultural wastes and healthy carriers. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of VRE in sewage and fecal samples of healthy carriers.Methods:This study was performed on fecal specimens of 100 healthy carriers and 100 samples of sewage in Zanjan Province. Fecal and sewage samples were cultured on Trypticase Soy Agar and biochemical tests were performed for Enterococci identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as CLSI guidelines and vancomycin resistance was determined using the agar dilution method.Result:Of 200 cultured samples, 141 isolates of Enterococci were detected. 64 isolates were detected from fecal and 77 were isolated from the sewage samples. Antibiotic resistance profile of fecal isolates was as follows: tetracycline (57.8%), ciprofloxacin (54.7%), phosphomycin (54.7%), erythromycin (51.5%), chloramphenicol (12.5%), amoxicillin (21.8%) and gatifloxacin (23.5%). Also for the sewage samples, the most antibiotic resistance was detected against ciprofloxacin (76.6%) followed by tetracycline (74%), erythromycin (68.8%), phosphomycin (61%). According to Agar dilution method, among 141 isolates of Enterococci, 15 (10.6%) isolates were vancomycin resistant: 11 of sewage isolates (14.3%) and 4 of the carrier isolates (6.2%).Conclusion:Our study describes the high frequency of VRE in municipal sewage and healthy carriers. Regarding the importance of VRE strains in the clinical and environment, it seems necessary to follow up on the issue.
Attitude of Medical Sciences Students toward Older Adults in Iran, 2017
Authors: Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi , Mousavi-Shirazi Fatemeh , Mollaei Parisa , Delbari Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

Background:Studies show as people age, demand for health care services rises. One of the most important factors that significantly affect the quality of elderly care is the attitude towards older adults.Objective:The current study aimed to assess the attitude of medical sciences students towards older adults in Iran.Methods:A cross-sectional design study using a multistage proportional random sampling method was employed to obtain a sample of 583 Iranian medical sciences students in 2017. The data were measured using the Kogan's Attitudes Towards Older People Scale (KAOPS). The SPSS 23.0 for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0) was used to analyze the data.Results:Out of the 583 respondents, around 44% were female and a little more than one-fourth was medical students. The mean age was 21.98 (SD=3.63) years. The mean score of the attitude towards the elderly was found to be 56.90 (SD=8.04). Aging health students scored a more positive attitude towards elderly people than other medical sciences students. Results of the bivariate analyses revealed that field of study (F(7, 575) = 2.66,P<0.01), participating in gerontology and geriatrics research (t(581) =2.80,p<0.01), and attending in gerontology and geriatrics congress (t(581) =1.96,p<0.05) significantly associated with attitude toward older adults.Conclusions:The findings from the current study show that Iranian medical sciences students have moderate positive attitudes towards older adults and vary by students’ field of study and their research activity in gerontology and geriatrics field. Therefore, effective interventions for enhancing the attitudes of medical sciences students towards older adults should be developed and implemented.
Transepithelial versus Epithelium off Crosslinking for Treating Keratoconus among Jordanians
Authors: Al Zubi Khalid , Albakar Yaser , Nasser Rana 
Published: March 2019

Background:The progression of keratoconus is stabilized with the help of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) supported through photosynthesized riboflavin.Objective:This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the transepithelial procedure and epithelium off procedure of corneal collagen crosslinking among keratoconus patients in Jordan.Methods:The study recruited 80 patients suffering from progressive keratoconus, from a tertiary care setting in Jordan. These participants were randomly divided into two groups; group 1 with 40 participants subjected to transepithelial (Corneal collagen cross-linking) CXL; and 40 participants in group 2 received conventional epithelium off CXL.Results:Improvement was observed in the mean contact lens, which corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) from logMAR 0.332 ± 0.09 (group 1), 0.35 ± 0.09 (group 2) to 0.241 ± 0.07 (group 1), 0.21 ± 0.07 (group 2), respectively at the end of follow-up (12 months). The mean pachymetry improved from 429.81 ± 18.96 μm (group 1), 430.08 ± 17.05 μm (group 2) to 436.5 ± 15.49 μm (group 1), 436.44 ± 12.53 μm (group 2), respectively, after twelve months. Additionally, the mean Sim K astigmatism declined from 7.0 ± 2.0 (group 1), 6.73 ± 1.98 (group 2) to 5.97 ± 1.88 (group 1), 5.53 ± 0.08 (group 2) respectively at twelve months post-treatment. Majority of the patients in group 2 experienced more pain as compared to group 1 participants.Conclusion:The effectiveness of a cross-linking procedure related to keratometry readings and corneal thickness showed that conventional (epithelium off) CXL method is more effective than transepithelial CXL.
In-Vitro CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and UGT Activity in Human Liver Microsomes by Strobilanthes crispus Leaf Extracts
Authors: Akowuah Gabriel Akyirem , Chin Jin Han , Yeong Siew Wei , Quah Suk Yen , Ahmad Mariam 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bremek (Acanthaceae) leaves are used traditionally
in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia for anti-diabetic, anti-lytic, diuretic, and laxative purposes.
Herb-drug interactions may potentiate or antagonize the absorption and metabolism of drugs which
may result in potential toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of juice,
hot aqueous, cold aqueous and methanol extracts of S. crispus leaves on phase I cytochrome 3A4
(CYP3A4) and Cytochrome 2E1 (CYP2E1) and phase II human liver enzyme UDP-Glucuronosyl
Transferase (UGT).

Methods:
The herb-drug interactions of the leaf extracts and juice were determined by specific enzyme
activity of CYP isoforms with specific probe substrate using spectrophotometry. CYP3A4 activity
was measured for aminopyrine specific metabolite (formaldehyde) at 415 nm. CYP2E1 activity
was determined using p-nitrophenol specific metabolite (p-nitrocatechol) at 535 nm. UGT activity
was quantified through the consumption of p-nitrophenol by UGT at 405 nm.

Results:
All the S. crispus preparations showed significant inhibition of CYP3A4 activity. Only the
methanolic extract showed a significant inhibition in CYP2E1. All the S. crispus extracts showed a
significant effect on UGT activation at the higher concentration (1000 ng/ml). Only the cold aqueous
extract and the juice showed UGT inhibition at lower concentration (1 ng/ml).

Conclusion:
S. crispus preparations showed in-vitro drug-herb interaction effects on human liver
microsomes. Therefore, there is a possibility of drug-herb interaction could occur with S. crispus
leaves through its effect on CYP3A4. Inhibition of the herb extracts on CYP2E1 could show anticarcinogenesis
effects. The potency of drugs that metabolized via UGT pathway may be affected
when co-administered with S. crispus leaf preparations.
Sexually transmitted infections in privately insured adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth K , Hand Brittany N , Simpson Kit N , Darragh Amy R 
Published: March 2019

Aim:
Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) may have an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to limited sexual health education and higher rates of sexual abuse, yet little is known about the prevalence of STIs and STI testing in this population.
Methods:
This study compared national samples of privately insured individuals with (n = 25,193) and without I/DD (n = 25,193) on the prevalence of STIs and STI testing.
Results:
In multivariable models, individuals with I/DD were significantly less likely to have an STI diagnosis and no difference was found between groups on the odds of STI testing overall.
Conclusion:
Findings may, in part, be explained by fewer sexual experiences, increased supervision in social settings and delayed onset of sexual activity among those with I/DD.
Salivary alkaline phosphatase activity and chronological age as indicators for skeletal maturity
Authors: Alhazmi Nora , Trotman Carroll Ann , Finkelman Matthew , Hawley Dillon , Zoukhri Driss , Papathanasiou Evangelos 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To investigate the relationship between salivary alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), protein concentration, and chronological age with cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) as noninvasive biomarkers for skeletal maturity assessment.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 79 subjects (48 females, 31 males; 7 to 23 years old) categorized into five CVMS based on lateral cephalographs evaluated by three examiners. ALP activity and protein concentration in unstimulated whole saliva were compared among five CVMS. The association between age and CVMS was assessed and five multinomial logistic regression models were utilized to predict CVMS based on salivary ALP activity, protein concentration, and chronological age.

Results:
Salivary ALP reached the peak at early pubertal stage and then declined with a significant difference between CVMS I and CVMS II (P &lt; .001) and between CVMS I and CVMS V (P = .004). A significant positive correlation between age and CVMS was found (rs = 0.763, P &lt; .001). The models' overall correct classification rates for predicting CVMS were 32.9% using protein concentration, 35.4% using ALP activity, and 53.2% using both ALP activity and age.

Conclusions:
The combination of salivary ALP activity and chronological age may provide the best CVMS prediction.
Agreement of the clinician's choice of archwire selection on conventional and virtual models
Authors: Haddadpour Sahar , Motamedian Saeed Reza , Behnaz Mohammad , Asefi Sohrab , Bagheban Alireza Akbarzadeh , Abdi Amir Hossein , Nouri Mahtab 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To compare archwire selection on dental casts with archwire selection using a three-dimensional (3D) software program (OrthoAid) and assess agreement between clinicians.

Materials and Methods:
The best-fitting archwires were selected for dental casts of 100 patients with malocclusion using two approaches by three orthodontists. The first method was to visually determine the fitness of five preformed nickel titanium archwires to the arch form on a dental cast (subjective method). The second method was archwire selection on a virtual image of the same cast by means of 3D software (objective method). Agreement between selections performed by the orthodontists was calculated using Kappa statistics. The accuracy of fit of the archwires to the curves fitted to the arch form was also calculated or reversely assessed by means of the root mean square (RMS) for both methods using the Dahlberg formula.

Results:
The mean RMS of the distances between the patient arch forms and the archwires for the subjective method was 1.163–1.366 mm. The agreement of selections between orthodontists was 42%–58% (Kappa ranged from .074 to .382). Using the 3D software (objective method), the mean RMS decreased to 0.966–1.171 mm, and agreement increased to 47% to 84% (Kappa ranged from .444 to .747).

Conclusions:
The use of 3D computer software for archwire selection in patients with malocclusion provided better adaptation and interexaminer reliability.
PERKEMBANGANKAWASAN PECINAN SEMARANG
Authors: Melati Monica Latu , Nataya Ariadne Kristia , Wibowo Alfonsus Arianto 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:Semarang Chinatown is a special district in Semarang City known with its chineese culture, where chineese citizen of Semarang have been living for centuries. The sustained chineese culture in this area makes Semarang Chinatwon as an urban heritage and cultural artefact in Semarang City. The aims for this paper are to investigate the factors shaping Chinatown Semarang, the development of Chinatown Semarang from time to time, the urban form elements in Semarang Chinatown, and the correlation between morphological components of Semarang Chinatown. This writing use some review methods, first theoritical overview to get secondary data about physical or non-physical factors forming city, second observation area such as collecting photos and interviewing to get primary data. Data review analysis use qualitative data analysis which is configure with the problems and aims that have been appointed.Keywords:elements of urban form, morphological components, history of Semarang ChinatownAbstrak: Kawasan Pecinan Semarang adalah sebuah kawasan di kota Semarang yang sangat kental dengan budaya Tionghoa. Di sinilah warga keturunan Tionghoa sejak berabad-abad silam menetap di Semarang. Adanya budaya Tionghoa yang masih sangat terjaga menjadikan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang ini sebagai kawasan urban heritage dan artefact budaya di kota Semarang. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menemukan faktor pembentuk Kawasan Pecinan Semarang, mengetahui perkembangan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang dari masa ke masa, mengetahui pola bentuk dan elemen kawasan pada Kawasan Pecinan Semarang, serta mengetahui kaitan antara faktor pembentuk kawasan terhadap perkembangan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kajian berupa tinjauan teori untuk memperoleh data sekunder mengenai faktor-faktor pembentuk kota baik secara fisik maupun non fisik, serta observasi lapangan berupa pengumpulan foto yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara untuk memperoleh data primer. Analisis data kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif yang disesuaikan dengan permasalahan dan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.Kata kunci:Elemen Kawasan, Faktor Pembentuk Kawasan, PerkembanganSejarah Kawasan Pecinan Semarang
AKULTURASI BUDAYA PADA RUMAH PANGGUNG CINA DI 10 ULU PALEMBANG, Studi Kasus: Rumah Bapak Effendy
Authors: Mustika Suzzana Winda Artha 
Published: March 2019

Abstract: Palembang as one of the old town in the archipelago has a wide range ofcultural and historical value. One of the cultural heritage belonging to the field ofarchitecture that is Palembang traditional house. The development of this traditionalhouse is made up of migrants that differ from one village to another village so as toform an acculturation, especially on the level house of China in 10 Ulu Palembang. Thepurpose of this research is to determine the values contained in the historical levelhouses of China and the mixing of cultures found in level houses of China in 10 Uluaffecting the building and to produce a unique form of architecture through thehistorical review of Palembang. The method used in this research is descriptive andhistorical method that is looking for a wide variety of evidence about the activitiescarried out by people who live past the level of China's house. From the analysis foundthat acculturation on the level house of China’s at 10 Ulu is a cultural mix of Chinatraditional architecture and Palembang architecture.Keyword: history, acculturation, level house of ChinaAbstrak: Palembang sebagai salah satu kota tua di nusantara memiliki berbagai macamnilai budaya dan sejarah. Salah satu peninggalan budaya tersebut tergolong dalambidang arsitektur yaitu rumah tradisional Palembang. Perkembangan rumah tradisionalini terbentuk dari penduduk pendatang yang berbeda antara satu kampung dengankampung yang lain sehingga membentuk suatu akulturasi budaya khususnya padarumah panggung Cina di 10 Ulu Palembang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untukmengetahui nilai-nilai kesejarahan yang terdapat pada rumah panggung Cina danpercampuran budaya yang terdapat pada rumah panggung Cina di 10 Ulu yangmempengaruhi bangunan serta menghasilkan bentuk arsitektur yang unik melaluitinjauan kesejarahan Kota Palembang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian iniadalah metode deskriptif dan metode sejarah yaitu mencari berbagai variasi bukti-buktitentang kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang hidup dimasa lampaupada rumah panggung Cina ini. Dari hasil analisis didapat bahwa akulturasi budayapada rumah panggung Cina di 10 ulu merupakan percampuran budaya dari arsitekturtradisional Cina dan arsitektur Palembang.Kata kunci: sejarah, akulturasi,rumah panggung Cina
PRINSIP KEHATI-HATIAN BAGI BANK DALAM PENGALIHAN SEBAGIAN PEKERJAAN KEPADA TENAGA KERJA OUTSOURCING
Authors: Wijaya Handriyanto 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBank is the intermediary institutions that collect public funds and distribute the excess funds back to the community in need of funds. Terefore the bank to conduct business based on the principle of trust of the public so that necessary prudence in the banking business activities. Given the increasingly diverse needs of the community so that the bank also issued a lot of diﬀerent types of banking products. To do the work of an increasingly complex, the bank requires a lot of manpower. Te transfer of some jobs tooutsourcing labor through Service Provider Company a lot done in banking practice. As regulators and banking supervisors, the Indonesia Financial Services Authority establishes the obligation of the bank to make the prudential principles in the context of the transfer of some jobs to outsourcing labor. With the Indonesia Financial Services Authority regulations, the banks can not abdicate responsibility in the protection of clients’ rights over the work performed services outsourcing labor.Keywords: prudential banking principles, bank, outsourcing.INTISARIBank merupakan lembaga intermediasi yang menghimpun dana masyarakatkelebihan dana dan menyalurkan kembali kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan dana. Oleh karena itu bank dalam menjalankan usahanya didasarkan kepada asas kepercayaan dari masyarakat sehingga perlu kehati-hatian dalam kegiatan bisnis perbankan. Mengingat semakin beragamnya kebutuhan masyarakat sehingga bank juga banyak mengeluarkan berbagai jenis produk perbankan. Untuk melakukan pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang semakin kompleks, maka bank membutuhkan banyak tenaga kerja. Pengalihan sebagian pekerjaan kepada tenaga kerja outsourcing melalui Perusahaan Penyedia Jasa banyak dilakukan dalam praktik perbankan. Sebagai regulator dan pengawas perbankan, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan menetapkan kewajiban bank untuk melakukan prinsip kehati-hatian dalam rangka pengalihan sebagian pekerjaan kepada tenaga kerja outsourcing. Dengan adanya peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan maka bank tidak dapat melepaskan tanggung jawab dalam memberikan perlindungan hak nasabah atas layanan pekerjaan yang dilakukan tenaga kerja outsourcing.Kata Kunci : prinsip kehati-hatian, bank,outsourcing.