bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy efficiency in primary aluminium industry
Authors: Fedorov S N , Palyanitsin P S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The extraction of metals and subsequent processing into finished product takes place in series of various operations which demand the usage of much energy. Saving energy is the main purpose of the present industry investigations. Aluminium industry is one the greatest energy consumers with 13-17 kWh/kg of Al and low energy efficiency of 40-50 %. At the same time every day researchers strive to increase current output and reduce energy consumption of aluminium pots for primary aluminium used in various applications. In the present work, the attention is given to the energy efficiency. In particular, it is considered that titanium diboride is used in cathode pot lining to prolong cell’s life cycle, to reduce the electric consumption of cell series due to the voltage drop and reducing anode to cathode distance.
Development of a method of applying nanostructured and wear-resistant coatings with high adhesion to the surface of the cutting tool
Authors: Litvinov A E , Buzko V U , Balaev E Yu , Goryachko A I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article presents a method of obtaining a nanostructured wear-resistant high-hard coating with high physicomechanical and strength characteristics resistance to shock and vibration loads. The result is an increase in adhesion between the substrate and the coating, as well as an increase in microhardness.
The study of the quality of the surface layer of the pump plunger
Authors: Palaev A G , Shipachev A M , Nosov V V , Chipura S I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper presents data on the parameters that determine the quality of the surface layer of the pump plunger, such as roughness and hardness. The results of the study of the quality of the surface layer of the pump plunger, after turning with a blade tool and after ultrasonic hardening and finishing processing, are presented. Analysis of the obtained results of the state of the surface layer shows a significant decrease in roughness and an increase in the surface hardness of the plunger as a result of ultrasonic hardening and finishing processing, which contributes to an increase in the service life of the part.
Synthesis, structure and tribological properties of nanocomposite materials in the system of potassium polytitanate – layered double hydroxide – serpentinite
Authors: Tsiganov A , Krivonogova A , Nikityuk T , Smirnova O , Gorokhovsky A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The synthesis of some nanocomposite materials in the ternary system of potassium polytitanate (PPT)-layered double hydroxide (LDH)-synthetic serpentinite (SS) is considered. The tribology behavior of some model greases obtained by introduction of different nanocomposite additives in the universal industrial grease of the Litol-24 trademark is investigated using standard testing procedures. The obtained results have shown that the synthesized nanopowders improve anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the standard lubricating composition. It is shown that the enhanced tribology performance is attributed to a complex layered structure of the produced nanocomposites and their chemical interaction with a worn surface of the metal.
Investigation of the tribological properties of ultrafine diamond-graphite powder as an additive to greases
Authors: Dokshanin S G , Tynchenko V S , Bukhtoyarov V V , Bashmur K A , Kukartsev V V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies on the use of plastic lubricants with ultrafine diamond-graphite powder in rolling bearings. Under operating conditions, even with a short-term toughening of the operation mode, it is possible to establish the boundary mode of friction due to the extrusion of lubricant from the zone of the rolling elements contact with the tracks of the rings. This leads to an increase in friction torque and an increase in temperature, which affects the performance of rolling bearings. Reducing slippage, lowering the working temperature, limiting the friction torque can be achieved due to the quality of the lubricants used with improved anti-wear and antifriction properties. Tribological studies have established that the introduction of ultrafine diamond-graphite powder into the composition of basic industrial lubricants significantly improves their performance. The introduction of ultrafine diamond-graphite powder into a lubricant reduces the amount of rolling bearings wear 1.6–1.8 times, the friction torque - to 23–25 %. The temperature of the bearing assembly decreases by 16–20 %. The presence of a lubricant that can significantly reduce friction forces. It reduces the amount of internal stresses and retards the development of fatigue cracks, which can increase the service life of rolling bearings 1.5–2 times.
The formula for determining motivation indicators in the occupational risk management system
Authors: Shangareev R R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Improper organization of production, unsatisfactory working conditions, industrial accidents and occupational diseases cause serious economic losses for the government and employers. The labor protection management system formed during the Soviet era cannot reduce occupational injuries and morbidity, does not encourage employers to improve working conditions, and requires modernization. The article deals with motivation indicators in the occupational risk management system. Much attention is paid to the hazard prevention method aimed at identifying and analyzing circumstances causing dangerous situations. In assessing the motivation indicators and competence in the production and occupational risk management system, employee’s abilities to identify, evaluate and manage occupational risks, knowledge of occupational safety requirements, personal characteristics, skills, and experience in occupational safety are analyzed. It allows for reduction of the individual occupational risk level. The article concludes that it is necessary to study scientific and methodological foundations of an informative, simple, objective and understandable ORMS which includes motivation and competence indicators, to solve actual scientific and practical labor protection problems which are studied by Russian and EU experts.
Perfection of decision-making methods in multilevel hierarchical transport systems
Authors: Sushkov S , Burmistrova O , Timokhova O , Burmistrov V , Mikhaylenko E , Chemshikova Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the multi-level transport linking systems of timber enterprises, which are a hierarchical structure. It consists of the regional transport system management, which distributes limited resources and several transport subsystems (types of transport) producing the same type of transport products - interchangeable transportation.
Substantiation of the recovery of residual oil from low-productive and heterogeneous formations in Western Siberia by improving the waterflood system using gas and water-gas impacts
Authors: Valeev A S , Kotenev Yu A , Mukhametshin V Sh , Sultanov Sh Kh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe article substantiates the conditions for effective water and gas impact on productive formations of the Upper Jurassic and Achimov deposits of the Vyintoy oil field: for the UJ formation, alternate injection of “wet” gas and water (gas injection for 3 months – water injection for 3 months) with a maximum intake capacity of gas injection wells of 15 thousand m3per day with a total volume of gas agent injection of 20 % of the pore formation volume; for the Ach formation, continuous injection of “wet” gas with a maximum intake capacity of gas injection wells of 30 thousand m3per day.
The model of functioning of a set of small auto transport systems with unstable operation of vehicles
Authors: Vitvitskiy E E , Fedoseenkova E S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
According to the results of the research, it has been found that the actual values of the execution time of the operations of the transport process differ from the planned ones. Consequently, the objective property of the transport process, besides discreteness, is the unevenness of the operation of auto vehicles. The need for accuracy of planned calculations determines the need to develop a descriptive model of the aggregate functioning of small-unsaturated auto transportation systems of freights, taking into account the indicated non-uniformity. The methodological basis of the research is the results of practical observations of the transportation process of construction freights dispatch by vehicles in Omsk. This descriptive model can be used in transport logistics when organizing transportation at the level of loading posts according to the “One to One” scheme.
From Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0: production modernization and creation of innovative digital companies
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The task is being studied to create digital productions in smart factories of the Industry 4.0. Some mechanical and assembly productions of existing companies of the Industry 3.0 and mechanical and assembly productions of perspective companies of the Industry 4.0 are described. The basic components of a smart factory and their interconnection to organize a production activity using humanless and paperless technologies are defined. A comparison analysis of parts and blanks movement to complete route sheet of the item manufacturing (radio and electronic item designing) in the companies of the Industry 3.0 and Industry 4.0 is given. The components of a digital item designing company to be created and implemented in the industry at first hand are defined.
Effect of Bt Corn (Bt 38) Cultivation on Community Structure of Collembola
Authors: Chang Liang , Song Xinyuan , Wang Baifeng , Wu Donghui , Reddy Gadi V P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransgenic corn has been modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to combat lepidopteran pests. Bt proteins and the altered chemical composition of Bt crops may affect the role the soil fauna plays in the decomposition of Bt plants. A 2-y field study and a laboratory feeding experiment using corn leaves were conducted in northeastern China to investigate the effect of Bt corn—consisting of Bt corn (Bt 38) and a near-isoline of non-Bt corn (Z 58)—on the abundance, species richness, morphological traits, community structure, and fitness of soil Collembola. A total of 4,419 collembolans, comprised of 22 species, were recovered in this study. We found that Bt corn cultivation did not significantly affect abundance, species richness, or community structure of Collembola. Some rare isotomids of the genera Desoria Nicolet, 1841 (Collembola: Isotomidae) and Folsomia Willem, 1902 (Collembola: Isotomidae) were only recorded in non-Bt corn varieties and not in Bt corn varieties. Morphological traits, including the number of ocelli, body size, body pigmentation level, furca development, antennal length, and antenna:head ratio of Collembola were not changed by transgenic corn cultivation in the 2-y field study. Our results clearly found that the Bt corn did not affect community characteristics or traits of Collembola during this 2-y field study.
Evaluation of single-cell classifiers for single-cell RNA sequencing data sets
Authors: Zhao Xinlei , Wu Shuang , Fang Nan , Sun Xiao , Fan Jue 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been rapidly developing and widely applied in biological and medical research. Identification of cell types in scRNA-seq data sets is an essential step before in-depth investigations of their functional and pathological roles. However, the conventional workflow based on clustering and marker genes is not scalable for an increasingly large number of scRNA-seq data sets due to complicated procedures and manual annotation. Therefore, a number of tools have been developed recently to predict cell types in new data sets using reference data sets. These methods have not been generally adapted due to a lack of tool benchmarking and user guidance. In this article, we performed a comprehensive and impartial evaluation of nine classification software tools specifically designed for scRNA-seq data sets. Results showed that Seurat based on random forest, SingleR based on correlation analysis and CaSTLe based on XGBoost performed better than others. A simple ensemble voting of all tools can improve the predictive accuracy. Under nonideal situations, such as small-sized and class-imbalanced reference data sets, tools based on cluster-level similarities have superior performance. However, even with the function of assigning ‘unassigned’ labels, it is still challenging to catch novel cell types by solely using any of the single-cell classifiers. This article provides a guideline for researchers to select and apply suitable classification tools in their analysis workflows and sheds some lights on potential direction of future improvement on classification tools.
Developmental origins of ovarian disorder: impact of maternal lean gestational diabetes on the offspring ovarian proteome in mice†
Authors: Clark Kendra L , Talton Omonseigho O , Ganesan Shanthi , Schulz Laura C , Keating Aileen F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an obstetric disorder affecting approximately 10% of pregnancies. The four high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) mouse model emulates GDM in lean women. Dams are fed a HFHS diet 1 week prior to mating and throughout gestation resulting in inadequate insulin response to glucose in mid-late pregnancy. The offspring of HFHS dams have increased adiposity, thus, we hypothesized that maternal metabolic alterations during lean GDM would compromise ovarian function in offspring both basally and in response to a control or HFHS diet in adulthood. Briefly, DLPL were lean dams and control diet pups; DLPH were lean dams and HFHS pups; DHPL were HFHS dams and control diet pups; and DHPH were HFHS dams and HFHS pups. A HFHS challenge in the absence of maternal GDM (DLPL vs. DLPH) increased 3 and decreased 30 ovarian proteins. Maternal GDM in the absence of a dietary stress (DLPL vs. DHPL) increased abundance of 4 proteins and decreased abundance of 85 proteins in the offspring ovary. Finally, 87 proteins increased, and 4 proteins decreased in offspring ovaries due to dietary challenge and exposure to maternal GDM in utero (DLPL vs. DHPH). Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2, deleted in azoospermia-associated protein 1, septin 7, and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 were altered across multiple offspring groups. Together, these findings suggest a possible impact on fertility and oocyte quality in relation to GDM exposure in utero as well as in response to a western diet in later life.
Nonclassical actions of estradiol-17beta are not detectable in the alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 immortalized gonadotrope cell lines†
Authors: Davis Tracy L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe immortalized mouse gonadotrope cell lines alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 cells have been a substitute model for primary gonadotropes. These cell lines have provided a homogeneous cell population, as compared to the dissociated anterior pituitaries, which contain a heterogeneous population of cells potentially responsive to estradiol-17beta (E2). Nonclassical actions of E2 assumed to occur through the plasma membrane estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, also known as ERalpha). These actions have included inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced increases in intracellular calcium concentrations and phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK-1/2) in ovine pituitaries including primary gonadotropes in vitro. The objective of the present experiment was to determine if alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 are cell models with limitations to examine the nonclassical actions of E2 occurring in gonadotropes. Experiments were conducted to determine if the cells have ESR1 at the plasma membrane using biotinylation cell and isolation of surface protein and staining with a fluorescently labeled E2 conjugate. The alphaT3-1 cells contain ESR1 associated with but not enriched within lipid rafts of the plasma membrane and do not translocate to lipid rafts upon binding of E2. In contrast, LbetaT2 cells lack ESR1 associated with the plasma membrane. Pretreatment with E2 did not cause inhibition of GnRH-stimulated increases in intracellular concentrations of calcium for either cell type. Phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 was not stimulated by E2 in either cell type. Although these cells lines have been used extensively to study GnRH signaling, in vitro or in vivo effects of nonclassical actions of E2 cannot be replicated in either cell line.
Incidence, risk factors and distribution of syphilis in the end-stage renal disease population in the USA
Authors: Weathers Erena N , Waller Jennifer L , Nahman N Stanley , Colombo Rhonda E , Kheda Mufaddal F , Baer Stephanie L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection with an incidence of 14.9 cases per 100 000 persons in the USA in 2011. Untreated syphilis may remain quiescent for years but can also result in clinical sequelae, including neurosyphilis. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients may be at risk for syphilis due to a higher incidence of risk factors for the disease, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite the presence of these risk factors, the incidence of syphilis in the ESRD population has not been reported. To address this issue, we investigated the incidence and risk factors for syphilis in the ESRD population using the United States Renal Data System (USRDS).

Methods
This study analyzed incident ESRD patients from 2004 to 2010. Based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for syphilis, we determined the incidence and risk factors for syphilis following an inpatient diagnosis. Generalized linear modeling was used to examine the relative risk (RR) for the disease when controlling for demographic and other clinical risk factors.

Results
A total of 383 diagnoses of syphilis were identified after screening 759 066 patients. The 8-year incidence of any type of syphilis was 50.45 cases per 100 000 person-years. Other unspecified syphilis (29.77 cases per 100 000 person-years) and neurosyphilis (10.93 cases per 100 000 person-years) were the most common diagnoses. The greatest incidence was found on the East and West Coasts. Patients with the disease were younger and more likely to be black and non-Hispanic. In the final model, the adjusted RR for syphilis was significantly increased with HIV (7.61), hepatitis C (3.57), herpes simplex (2.06) and hepatitis B (1.75).

Conclusions
The incidence of syphilis is &gt;3-fold greater in ESRD patients when compared with the general population and is associated with sexually transmitted viral infections. Neurosyphilis is a common occurrence and is treatable, suggesting that all assessments of confusion in dialysis patients should include screening for the disease.
The impact of mixtures of xylose and glucose on the microbial diversity and fermentative metabolism of sequencing-batch or continuous enrichment cultures
Authors: Rombouts Julius L , Mos Galvin , Weissbrodt David G , Kleerebezem Robbert , Van Loosdrecht Mark C M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTEfficient industrial fermentation of lignocellulosic waste containing a large part of glucose and xylose is desirable to implement a circular economy. Mixed culture biotechnologies can aid in realizing this goal. The effect of feeding equivalent substrates to a microbial community, such a xylose and glucose, is not well understood in terms of the number of dominant species and how these species compete for the substrates. We compared the metabolism and microbial community structure in a continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a mixture of xylose and glucose, inoculated with bovine rumen at pH 8, 30°C and a hydraulic retention time of 8 h. We hypothesised that a CSTR will select for generalist species, taking up both substrates. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridisation to accurately determine the microbial community structures. Both enrichments were stoichiometrically and kinetically characterised. The CSTR enrichment culture was dominated by Clostridium intestinale (91% ± 2%). The SBR showed an abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (75% ± 8%), dominated by Citrobacter freundii and a minor fraction of Raoultella ornithinolytica. C. freundii ferments xylose and glucose in a non-diauxic fashion. Clearly, a non-diauxic generalist outcompetes specialists and diauxic generalists in SBR environments.
The Origin of Modern Public History in China
Authors: Li Na 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article tracks the origin of modern public history in China. Through a critical survey of the landscape, the article focuses on why public history has such a widespread appeal among ordinary Chinese, and how it is used for social cohesion and identity building to mobilize a general population. The author argues that public history has flourished in the last two decades alongside a deteriorating notion of national identity unified by the state; the genesis of this can be traced back to the turn of the twentieth century. Three propositions are suggested for further developing public history in China, namely writing differently, a broader and more liberal understanding of history, and an emphasis on rigour.
On the standard Galerkin method with explicit RK4 time stepping for the shallow water equations
Authors: Antonopoulos D C , Dougalis V A , Kounadis G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We consider a simple initial-boundary-value problem for the shallow water equations in one space dimension. We discretize the problem in space by the standard Galerkin finite element method on a quasiuniform mesh and in time by the classical four-stage, fourth order, explicit Runge–Kutta scheme. Assuming smoothness of solutions, a Courant number restriction and certain hypotheses on the finite element spaces, we prove $L^{2}$ error estimates that are of fourth-order accuracy in the temporal variable and of the usual, due to the nonuniform mesh, suboptimal order in space. We also make a computational study of the numerical spatial and temporal orders of convergence, and of the validity of a hypothesis made on the finite element spaces.