bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and improvement of PCL/alginate/PAAm scaffold via selective laser sintering for tissue engineering
Authors: Wu Jinzhe , Yang Runhuai , Zheng Jinjin , Pan Linxin , Liu Xiaoying 
Published: March 2019

In this work, porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were designed and fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS). The critical processing parameters of the SLS for PCL were optimised. This work post‐processed these PCL scaffolds to produce PCL/alginate/polyacrylamide (PAAm) scaffolds to improve their performance. The experiment mechanical property assessment showed that the sample's average elastic modulus increases from 6.99 MPa (PCL) to 12.67 MPa (PCL/alginate/PAAm), and the elongation at break of samples increases from 59% (PCL) to 112.9% (PCL/alginate/PAAm). Cell seeding and in vitro culture showed that cell viability remained above 94% over 5 days. Thus, the current study suggests that a promising strategy for the improvement of the characteristics of PCL/alginate/PAAm scaffolds and advances the potential application of SLS technique towards skeletal tissue repair.
Cu–Co‐codoped titanate/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films for enhanced visible light absorption
Authors: An Yongliang , Wang Dongjun , Yin Dongsong , Song Liang , Chen Yongsheng , Gao Kunkun 
Published: March 2019

Titanate nanotube thin (TNT) films were synthesised by alkaline hydrothermal method using titanium (Ti) plates as precursors. Copper–cobalt (Cu–Co)‐codoped titanate/Ti dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite thin films were prepared by doping Cu and Co to TNT films through ion exchange method and annealed at 500°C for 120 min. The as‐prepared nanocomposite films were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra. The results show that anatase TiO2 particles were grown on the surface of titanate nanomaterial films. The composite materials mainly consisted of anatase TiO2 particles and titanate nanotubes/nanosheets. Cu–Co‐codoped titanate/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films exhibited superior visible height adsorption property due to the reduced energy bandgap of composites introduced by additional Cu and Co 3d orbitals.
Intra- and Interdevice Deviation of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Trachsler Stefan , Baston Arthur , Menke Marcel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Purpose To compare 4 optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) devices for foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements in healthy subjects.
Methods The central retinas of 24 eyes of 12 healthy subjects were scanned with 4 different OCT-A devices (Optovue RTVue-XR, Zeiss Cirrus 5000-HD-OCT, a prototype Spectralis OCT2, Heidelberg Engineering, and Topcon DRI-OCT Triton Swept-source OCT). For the Topcon, Zeiss, and Optovue devices, 3-mm and 6-mm scans were performed. The Heidelberg device only provided 4-mm scans. En-face OCT-A images of the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the macular area were generated. The FAZ areas were measured and compared.
Results Twenty-four healthy eyes were included. OCT-A devices showed significant differences in FAZ measurements. The Zeiss OCT-A device measured the smallest values for foveal avascular area (mean 218.7 mm2), followed by the Optovue device (229.6 mm2), the Topcon device (239.3 mm2), and the Heidelberg device (250.4 mm2). Differences were statistically significant for following devices: Heidelberg versus Optovue (p < 0.001), Heidelberg versus Zeiss (p < 0.001), Topcon versus Zeiss (p < 0.001), and Optovue versus Zeiss (p = 0.046). For the Optovue device, FAZ measurements were significantly different between 3 mm (mean 220 mm2) and 6 mm (mean 239.3 mm2, p = 0.007) scans. All other devices showed no significant difference within scan modes.
Conclusion Current OCT-A devices provide images that allow such measurements, but values showed significant differences between devices and, for the Optovue instrument, even within scan modes. The data for OCTA measurements cannot be transferred interchangeably between the devices. Therefore, a patient should always be measured with the same device.
Proteinuria as a Marker for Cardiovascular Disease in Renal (Chronic Kidney Disease) Patients
Authors: Kodali Meghana , CV Sarada , B. Bhanuja , P. Kumara , B. Rajashekar , Kodali Vennela , Gunkunta Mohan , Balguri Snehitha , Keturi Shravya , HM Kavya , Voruganti Bharat , Kashetty Srija , Bandi Deepika 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background For the evaluation of total cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD; renal), the amount of protein in the urine has to be considered an important factor. For reducing proteinuria level and lowering the risk of renal, cardiovascular endpoint, this may become a crucial decision.
Materials and Methods This is a case-control study of the stage 5 CKD female patients recruited over 2 months in 2017, based on clinical and laboratory investigation. CKD was diagnosed on serum creatinine levels and stage 5 CKD depending on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculation. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed on clinical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram.
Results This study was conducted on 50 patients at the authors’ hospital. Out of these, 25 were cases and 25 constituted controls. Out of 25 controls, 13 had microalbuminuria and 12 had proteinuria and no cardiovascular disease. Out of 25 cases, 2 cases had microalbuminuria and 23 had proteinuria. More number of CKD with CAD group had proteinuria than CKD without CAD, which was statistically highly significant (p < 0.000). CKD patients with CAD had higher degree of proteinuria than those without CAD, which was statistically significant (p < 0.005).
Conclusion This study showed that proteinuria and its cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients are correlated. For detection of CAD in CKD patients, proteinuria levels may be crucial regarding the treatment decision.
Teaching Ophthalmology Residents Clinical Optics Via a Flipped Classroom Curriculum
Authors: Tu Daniel , Park Dong-Wouk , Krisciunas Tammie , Hwang Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Background Clinical optics is an essential part of ophthalmology resident education that can be challenging for both learners and teachers when taught using a lecture format. The effectiveness of a flipped classroom approach in this context has not been formally evaluated.
Objective The main purpose of this article is to compare the effectiveness of flipped classroom versus lecture-based clinical optics curricula in a graduate medical education setting.
Design Retrospective, nonrandomized, pre- and post-interventional study from 2009 to 2016.
Setting, Participants Ophthalmology residency program at the Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, an academic medical center in the United States. Participants included all ophthalmology residents able to take at least one Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination during the years 2009 to 2016.
Methods The clinical optics curriculum was changed from a lecture-based series to a flipped classroom curriculum and moved from the fall to winter during the 2012 to 2013 academic year. No major changes were made to the curriculum in other subject areas during the study period. Resident performance on the OKAP annual national in-service examination for the 4 years before and after the optics curriculum change was compared. Specifically, the scaled subtest scores from the Optics, Refraction, and Contact Lens subsection were examined, while scores from the 10 nonoptics subsections served as controls.
Results Scores from 57 resident test administrations before the optics curriculum change and 59 after the optic curriculum change were available for comparison. The Optics, Refraction, and Contact Lens subsection mean scores were 50.37 ± 2.31 and 57.27 ± 2.47 before and after the optics curriculum change, respectively (mean ± 95% confidence interval). This was the only subsection score to show a statistically significant difference after the optics curriculum change (p = 0.00008).
Conclusions and Relevance In comparison to a lecture-based curriculum, a flipped classroom approach to clinical optics education was found to be associated with higher ophthalmology resident performance on the optics subsection of the OKAP examination. Our study suggests that a flipped classroom format may be more effective than traditional lectures for teaching clinical optics in a graduate medical education setting.
Distribution of Pelvic Fractures in Racing and Non-racing Sport Horses: A Retrospective Study of 86 Cases Examined in a Referral Centre
Authors: Moiroud Claire , Coudry Virginie , Denoix Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the pelvic fracture distribution and location in a referral centre caseload.
Materials and Methods Medical records of 6,717 horses examined in a referral centre over a 7-year period were reviewed to identify all horses diagnosed with a pelvic fracture. Eighty-six horses were identified and divided into three disciplines, namely Thoroughbred racehorses (TBR), Standardbred trotter racehorses (STR) and non-racing sport horses (NRSH).
Results A pelvic fracture was diagnosed in 1.3% of the cases examined during the study period. Prevalence was significantly higher in TBR (4.2%) and, regardless of the discipline, in horses under the age of 6 years (2.2%) (p < 0.01). STR were significantly younger than TBR and NRSH at the time of fracture (median ages = 1, 3 and 4 years old, respectively; p < 0.01). The fractures occurred most frequently in the ilium (44/86). No ilial wing fractures were diagnosed in STR and isolated acetabular fractures were only diagnosed in foals and yearlings. Fatigue fractures were diagnosed in TBR alone, affecting 9/22 TBR (foals and yearlings excluded) and most often located in the ilial wing (7 fatigue fractures out of the 12 ilial wing fractures) (p < 0.01). The median age of horses suffering from a pelvic fatigue fracture was 4 years.
Clinical Significance This study confirms that young horses (under the age of 6 years) as well as TBR are likely to be at higher risk of a pelvic fracture. Fatigue fractures of the ilial wing seem to be a rare condition in STR while they are more frequent in young TBR in training.
Factors Associated with Wound Complications after Open Femoral Artery Exposure for Elective Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Trinidad Bradley , Rybin Denis , Doros Gheorghe , Eslami Mohammad , Tan Tze-Woei 
Published: March 2019

We identified factors that would lead to wound complications after open femoral exposure for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (oEVAR).Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset (2005–2014), we examined the patients who underwent oEVAR. Patients were stratified on whether they developed postoperative wound complications. Comparisons were made between group with wound complications and those without and adjusted analyses performed to identify variables that independently increased the risk of wound complications.There were 14,868 patients in the study cohort and 2.6% (384 patients) developed wound complications after EVAR. Among those with wound complications, 94% (360 patients) of patients had superficial and deep surgical site infection. Patients who had wound complication were likely to be younger (72.6 vs. 73.7 years old (p = 0.02), functionally dependent (5.4 vs. 2.5%) (p < 0.05), smoker (3 vs. 2.4%, p =0.03), female (4 vs. 2.2%), with significantly higher body mass index (31 vs. 28), and more commonly had diabetes (4 vs. 2.4%, p < 0.001) or renal failure (12 vs. 3%, p < 0.001). Although perioperative survival was similar, patients who had wound complications had significantly longer hospital length of stay (LOS) (7.3 ± 12 vs. 3.4 ± 5 days, p < 0.001).Up to 3% patients developed wound complications after open femoral exposure during EVAR with significantly higher LOS and therefore cost utilization.
A Modified Direct Posterior Midline Approach for the Treatment of Posterior Column Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Yin Zhaowei , Yang Wengbo , Gu Yanqing , Gu Qiangrong , Xu Chenyang , Yang Lei , Jiang Chunzhi , Liang Bin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to introduce a modified surgical approach for the treatment of posterior column tibial plateau fractures. Fifteen patients with posterior column fractures with or without other column fractures were included and treated with this approach between July 2015 and June 2016. The patients were followed up for 18 to 24 months (20.9 ± 1.8 months). Outcomes included neural or vascular injuries, wound complications, nonunion, plate loosening or breakage, and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores. Bone union was observed in all cases, and the average time for bone union was 13.5 ± 1.4 weeks (11–16 weeks). No neurovascular injuries, malunion, nonunions, or plate loosening or breakages were observed. The average HSS score was 94.7 ± 4.1 (range: 84–100). The modified direct posterior midline approach can provide excellent exposure and facilitate reduction and internal fixation of posterior column fractures of the tibial plateau, including split and depressed fractures. We expect that this approach can be used as a new effective method for managing complex posterior tibial fractures.
Changing Scenario in Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Females—Evidence from Recent Studies
Authors: Pradhan Akshyaya , Vishwakarma Pravesh , Sethi Rishi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) represents the most severe form of coronary artery disease (CAD) warranting urgent admission and intervention. Conventional teaching dictates that women are free from cardiovascular diseases in their reproductive age group. There is also a high prevalence of microvascular disease and atypical presentations in the fairer sex. Because of these factors, CAD is often under diagnosed and undertreated in women. They are also unfortunately underrepresented in major studies. But it is noteworthy that CAD remains the leading cause of death in both men and women alike. Evidence-based medicine and protocols have led to drastic improvement of outcomes of CAD and ACS. With close to one hundred trials presented at major cardiology meetings, it is impossible for the clinician to keep track of all of them. The authors describe briefly the recent studies in management of STEMI /ACS which have the potential to impact their daily practice. Hence, they also try to assess the impact of female gender on cardiovascular outcomes in these studies.
Parental Perceptions and Behaviors Regarding Child Weight Status among Toddlers Born Preterm
Authors: Saleska Jessica Londeree , Sheppard Kelly , Turner Abigail Norris , Boone Kelly M. , Keim Sarah A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objective Childhood obesity is a significant determinant of adult obesity. Among children born preterm, rapid “catch-up growth” in infancy increases the risk of later obesity. Parental perceptions of their child's weight status may compound the child's biologically heightened risk of obesity.
Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of data on parental perceptions of child weight status from a randomized controlled trial (2012–2017, n = 331 toddlers born preterm). We used the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) to measure parental child feeding behaviors and beliefs. We calculated the prevalence of incorrect weight estimation, and used t-tests and chi-square tests to compare sample characteristics by correct versus incorrect weight estimation. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for factors associated with parental underestimation of child weight status.
Results Most (90%) children were of normal weight, whereas 3% were underweight and 7% were overweight. A majority (75%) of parents correctly estimated their child's weight status. Incorrect weight estimation was only associated with child's actual weight. Parents of overweight children were more likely to underestimate their child's weight status than parents of normal weight children (OR: 2.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.00–2.49). Mean CFQ scores differed by the child's actual weight status but not by the child's estimated weight status.
Conclusion Among these toddlers born preterm, significantly higher proportions of parents with underweight and overweight children incorrectly estimated their child's weight status relative to parents of normal weight children. Our findings suggest that weight underestimation could be a problem in this population, although it was not associated with changes in feeding practices.
Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 4 with PNKP Common “Portuguese” and Novel Mutations in Two Belarusian Families
Authors: Rudenskaya Galina , Marakhonov Andrey , Shchagina Olga , Lozier Ekaterina , Dadali Elena , Akimova Irina , Petrova Nika , Konovalov Fedor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtaxia with oculomotor apraxia type 4 (AOA4) is a rare autosomal recessive, PNKP-related disorder delineated in 2015 in Portugal. We diagnosed AOA4 by next generation sequencing (NGS) followed by Sanger's sequencing in three boys from two unrelated Belarusian families. In both families, one of the heterozygous PNKP mutations was c.1123G>T, common in Portuguese patients; biallelic mutations, c.1270_1283dup14 and c.1029+2T>C, respectively, were novel. These are the first reported AOA4 Slavic cases and the first with a “Portuguese” PNKP mutation outside Portugal. Distinction in two brothers was microcephaly but their disease was not severe in contrast to PNKP-related “microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay” and reported cases with features of both phenotypes.
Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength between Ridge Lap Surface of Acrylic Teeth and Denture Base Resin: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sharma Eeshita , Kumar Manjit , Sharma Rohit , Bansal Ajay , Katoch Sumit 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Statement of Problem Acrylic teeth are preferred to porcelain teeth in dentures as they unite chemically with denture base resin, but their fracture from denture is common.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to improve the bond strength of denture teeth to acrylic resin denture base by chemical or mechanical modification of the ridge lap surface of denture teeth.
Materials and Methods Total 100 artificial cross-linked acrylic resin central incisors were divided into five groups: group A, 20 samples without modification (control group); group B, 20 samples (ridge lap surface of teeth treated with monomer); group C, 20 samples (ridge lap surface of teeth treated with monomer and the glaze layer removed with aluminum oxide abrasive stone); group D, 20 samples (ridge lap surface of teeth treated with dichloromethane); and group E, 20 samples (dichloromethane application followed by abrasion with aluminum oxide stone on ridge lap surface of teeth). They were mounted on wax blocks, and the blocks were acrylized. The bond strength values were obtained by subjecting the samples to shear compressive load under universal testing machine.
Result The results were subjected to statistical analysis by applying analysis of variance and Bonferroni test for multiple group comparisons, and graphs were plotted. The mean value of bond strength was highest for group E (modified by aluminum oxide abrasion prior to dichloromethane application), followed by group C (modified by aluminum oxide abrasion prior to monomer application), group D (modified by dichloromethane application), group B (modified by monomer application), and lastly group A (control group). Significantly improved bond strength values were obtained in modified groups as compared with the control group.
Conclusion Dichloromethane application followed by aluminum oxide abrasion provided the highest bond strength and is recommended to prevent debonding of the teeth from the denture base.
Visualization of density variations produced by alternating-current dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators using the background-oriented schlieren method
Authors: Komuro Atsushi , Ogura Nae , Ito Momoko , Nonomura Taku , Asai Keisuke , Ando Akira 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Gas density perturbations generated by an alternating-current dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator (ac-DBDPA) are quantitatively visualised using the background-oriented schlieren (BOS) method. A method of setting the optimum boundary condition for solving the Poisson equation in the BOS method is studied, and an integration method for the boundary condition in the vicinity of the plasma where the density change is steep is proposed. The BOS method is applied in two cases with different voltage amplitudes, and the variation in the absolute value of the density is discussed with the discharge properties. The results show a decrease in density in the synthetic jet induced by the ac-DBDPA and a spatiotemporal variation indicating a step-wise gas-heating phenomenon due to plasma discharge.
Framework of multidimensional macrobenthos biodiversity to evaluate ecological restoration in wetlands
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Yang Wei , Sun Tao , Su Liya 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sustaining biodiversity is a priority for ecological restoration in degraded wetlands, and biodiversity is an inherently multidimensional ecosystem property, as it includes genetic, taxonomic, functional, and other types of diversity. However, most restoration projects have only employed taxonomic diversity to assess restoration, and given the multidimensional nature of biodiversity, this may partially describe the true situation. In this paper, we constructed a multidimensional macrobenthos biodiversity framework (for genetic, taxonomic, and functional diversity), developed a holistic biodiversity index that accounted for these dimensions, and explored the consequences of freshwater restoration in a case study of this index. We found that freshwater restoration increased genetic and taxonomic diversity, but had no significant effect on functional diversity, and that the functional traits of the macrobenthos appeared to have converged on homogeneous functional traits. On the other hand, freshwater restoration had a significant positive effect on the holistic biodiversity. The relationship between ecosystem function (in macrobenthos biomass) and holistic biodiversity in the restoration areas was unimodal, with the highest biomass found at intermediate levels of holistic biodiversity. The multidimensional framework challenged the utility of using any one dimension of biodiversity as a surrogate for other dimensions. The holistic biodiversity index provided more comprehensive and holistic insights into the management of freshwater restoration projects.