bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of carbon dioxide shielding gas on microstructure and corrosion property of welds
Authors: Li S. , Zhou Z. , Xiao G. , Chen B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe microstructures and corrosion properties of weld joints are studied during 10 kW high power fiber laser welding of 304 stainless steel with shielding gases of 100 % argon, 80 % argon containing 20 % carbon dioxide and 100 % carbon dioxide, respectively. As the content of carbon dioxide in argon shielding gas increases from 0 % to 20 % then to 100 % during 10 kW high power fibre laser welding, the interdendritic δ‐ferrite in weld joints changes from lathy, short strip and trivial structures to thick‐long strip with short secondary dendrite arms then to skeletal‐network structure. Oxide inclusions, observed in 100 % carbon dioxide shielded weld, promote the formation of the skeletal‐network structure of δ‐ferrite and the homogenization of chromium and nickel in weld joint. The 100 % argon shielded weld joint has a highest initial corrosion current density, the 80 % argon containing 20 % carbon dioxide shielded weld has a lowest pitting potential, while the 100 % carbon dioxide shielded weld has a highest initial corrosion potential. The microstructures and element distribution play important role in determining the corrosion properties of the weld joints.
Designing environmental uncertainty information for experts and non‐experts: Does data presentation affect users’ decisions and interpretations?
Authors: Mulder Kelsey J. , Lickiss Matthew , Black Alison , Charlton‐Perez Andrew J. , McCloy Rachel , Young Joseph S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUncertainty information in natural hazard forecasts is increasingly being communicated explicitly. This study was designed to determine whether different ways of communicating uncertainty graphically affects the decisions and interpretations of forecasts and if expertise was a factor in the decisions and interpretations from forecasts explicitly showing uncertainty. In a hypothetical decision‐making task regarding ice thickness and shipping, 138 experts and non‐experts received ice‐thickness forecasts in four different presentations expressing uncertainty: worded probability, spaghetti plot, fan plot and box plot. These forecasts contained no measures of central tendency. There was no consistent difference in decision or best‐guess forecast (deterministic ice thickness forecast based on the forecast representation) between the different forecast representations. However, participants interpreted different amounts of uncertainty across the different forecast representations. Experts made significantly more economically rational decisions than non‐experts, interpreted lower best‐guess forecasts and inferred significantly more uncertainty than non‐experts. These results suggest that care be taken in choosing how uncertainty is represented in forecasts, especially between expert and non‐expert audiences.
Effect of gene–gene and gene–environment interaction on the risk of first‐ever stroke and poststroke death
Authors: Feng Congrui , Yang Yunyun , Yang Shujun , Tu Xin , Wang Yibo , Song Yiqing , Hui Rutai , Zhang Weili 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the individual‐level heterogeneity in stroke. This study aimed to assess how the genetic interactions confer risk of stroke.MethodsIn a Chinese case‐control study including 1,405 strokes and 1,263 controls who were followed up (range, 0.1–6.0 years), eight genes, including apolipoprotein(a) (APOA1), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein (ALOX5AP), NOTCH3, chromosome 9p21.3(Chr.9p21.3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), and kinase insert domain‐containing receptor (KDR), were analyzed for interactions by the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method and validated by the multivariate logistic regression models. The genetic associations with carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) were examined.ResultsThe interaction of VKORC1 and Chr.9p21.3 was identified for stroke and its worse prognosis, and subjects having the VKORC1 rs2359612C and Chr.9p21.3 rs10757274G alleles had higher risks for stroke (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.32–2.52) as well as for stroke recurrence (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.24–2.73), cardiovascular events (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.15–2.38), and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.24–3.79). Supporting, they were associated with higher IMT. Hypertension or physical inactivity increased the risk effect. The interaction of VEGFA rs833061C and KDR rs2305948T was identified for hemorrhagic stroke.ConclusionsOur findings identified two novel genetic interactions of VKORC1 and Chr.9p21.3 and of VEGFA and KDR for risk of stroke and subtypes as well as future stroke prognosis.
Targeting on Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide and Short‐Chain Fatty Acid to Prevent Maternal High‐Fructose‐Diet‐Induced Developmental Programming of Hypertension in Adult Male Offspring
Authors: Hsu Chien‐Ning , Chang‐Chien Guo‐Ping , Lin Sufan , Hou Chih‐Yao , Tain You‐Lin 
Published: July 2019

ScopeAlterations of gut metabolites, such as SCFAs and trimethylamine (TMA), and microbial composition are associated with the development of hypertension. Whether maternal 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butanol (DMB, an inhibitor for TMA formation) treatment or the predominant SCFA acetate supplementation can prevent programed hypertension induced by a high‐fructose diet (HFD) exposure during pregnancy and lactation in adult male offspring is examined.Methods and resultsMale offspring are divided into four groups: ND, normal diet; HFD, 60% HFD; ACE, HFD plus 200 mmol L–1 magnesium acetate in drinking water; and DMB: HFD plus 1% DMB in drinking water. Maternal HFD induces programed hypertension in adult male offspring, which is prevented by maternal acetate supplementation or DMB treatment. HFD‐induced hypertension is relevant to increased plasma levels of TMA and acetate, and alterations of gut microbial composition. The protective effects of acetate supplementation are associated with decreased plasma TMA level and TMA‐to‐trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) ratio, and increased renal expression of SCFA receptors. Maternal DMB treatment reduces plasma TMA, TMAO, acetate, and propionate levels.ConclusionEarly intervention targeting on gut‐microbiota‐derived metabolites TMAO and SCFAs to reprogram hypertension may have significant impact to reduce the burden of hypertension.
Three‐dimensional characterization of the active volumes of PTW microDiamond, microSilicon, and Diode E dosimetry detectors using a proton microbeam
Authors: Poppinga Daniela , Kranzer Rafael , Ulrichs Ann‐Britt , Delfs Björn , Giesen Ulrich , Langner Frank , Poppe Björn , Looe Hui Khee 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this work is the three‐dimensional characterization of the active volumes of commercial solid‐state dosimetry detectors. Detailed knowledge of the dimensions of the detector’s active volume as well as the detector housing is of particular interest for small‐field photon dosimetry. As shown in previous publications from different groups, the design of the detector housing influences the detector signal for small photon fields. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the active volume dimension and the surrounding materials form the basis for accurate Monte Carlo simulations of the detector.MethodsA 10 MeV proton beam focused by the microbeam system of the Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt was used to measure two‐dimensional response maps of a synthetic diamond detector (microDiamond, type 60019, PTW Freiburg) and two silicon detectors (microSilicon, type 60023, PTW Freiburg and Diode E, type 60017, PTW Freiburg). In addition, the thickness of the active volume of the new microSilicon was measured using the method developed in a previous study.ResultsThe analysis of the response maps leads to active area of 1.18 mm2 for the Diode E, 1.75 mm2 for the microSilicon, and 3.91 mm2 for the microDiamond detector. The thickness of the active volume of the microSilicon detector was determined to be (17.8 ± 2) µm.ConclusionsThis study provides detailed geometrical data of the dosimetric active volume of three different solid‐state detector types.
Pilot study: Differences in echo intensity ratios between ulnar and median innervated muscles in ulnar neuropathy
Authors: Choi Hanboram , Choi Jun Ho , Kang Seok , Yoon Joon Shik , Son Seong‐Ho 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated muscle echo intensity (EI) ratio in patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) and healthy controls.MethodsIn this prospective study, 28 patients with electrodiagnostically confirmed unilateral UNE and 12 healthy controls were ultrasonographically assessed for EI ratios of the hypothenar and thenar muscles. The affected and unaffected hands between the UNE patients and controls and patient subgroups (subdivided according to electrodiagnostic severity) were compared to determine any significant differences.ResultsIn patients with UNE, the EI ratio of the hypothenar to thenar muscles was significantly higher for the affected side than for the unaffected side (1.08 ± 0.11 and 0.97 ± 0.18, respectively) or the control group (0.95 ± 0.05). A significant difference in the EI ratio was observed among the subgroups (mild vs. severe subgroup, P < 0.01).ConclusionsUltrasonographic EI measurement may be a useful parameter in the evaluation and screening of UNE.
Evaluation of Artificial Cover Units as a Sampling Technique and Habitat Enhancement for Madtoms in Rivers
Authors: Cope W. Robert , Kwak Thomas J. , Black Tyler R. , Pacifici Krishna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Instream habitat degradation and loss are major threats to freshwater fishes and critical conservation issues among nongame species due to a lack of research and knowledge concerning their habitat requirements. Instream physical cover is an important component of fish habitat, especially for benthic species that require cover for reproduction and shelter from predators. One such species is the Carolina Madtom Noturus furiosus, a small, imperiled, nongame catfish that is endemic to the Neuse and Tar River basins of North Carolina. To enhance understanding of instream cover dynamics, we constructed artificial cover units from terra cotta materials and deployed them in rivers to (1) evaluate whether they could be an effective passive-sampling technique to estimate detection and occupancy of the Carolina Madtom and (2) determine their potential to enhance habitat in systems where instream cover has been lost. Artificial cover units were deployed at eight sites in the Neuse and Tar River basins, and the units collected 30 Carolina Madtoms at two sites in the Tar River basin. Occupancy modeling estimated a Carolina Madtom detection probability of 0.92 using artificial cover units. Compared to other standardized sampling methods, artificial cover units were an efficient passive-sampling technique for detecting Carolina Madtoms. Observations also revealed that artificial cover units were occupied by Carolina Madtoms for reproduction. These findings provide an additional means by which natural resource managers can assess the status of this imperiled species via an inexpensive passive-sampling device that can provide spawning habitat and protection from predators as well as helping to mitigate the effects of instream habitat degradation.
Understanding low adherence to an exercise program for adolescents with obesity: the HEARTY trial
Authors: Alberga A. S. , Sigal R. J. , Sweet S. N. , Doucette S. , Russell‐Mayhew S. , Tulloch H. , Kenny G. P. , Prud'homme D. , Hadjiyannakis S. , Goldfield G. S. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIntroductionDespite efforts to improve adherence to physical activity interventions in youth with obesity, low adherence and attrition remain areas of great concern.ObjectiveThe study was designed to determine which physiological and/or psychological factors predicted low adherence in adolescents with obesity enrolled in a 6‐month exercise intervention study aimed to improve body composition.MethodsThree hundred four adolescents with obesity aged 14–18 years who volunteered for the HEARTY (Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth) randomized controlled trial completed physiological (body mass index, waist circumference, per cent body fat, resting metabolic rate and aerobic fitness) and psychological (body image, mood, self‐esteem and self‐efficacy) measures.ResultsOne hundred forty‐one out of 228 (62%) randomized to exercise groups had low adherence (completed <70% of the prescribed four exercise sessions per week) to the intervention protocol. Logistic regression revealed that there were no baseline demographic or physiological variables that predicted low adherence in the participants. Appearance concern (a subscale of body image) (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.1, P = 0.04), depressive mood (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.23, P = 0.03) and confused mood (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.27, P = 0.003) (two subscales of mood) were significant predictors of low adherence.ConclusionsAdolescents with obesity who had higher appearance concerns and depressive and confused moods were less likely to adhere to exercise. Body image and mood should be screened to identify adolescents who may be at high risk of poor adherence and who may need concurrent or treatment support to address these psychological issues to derive maximal health benefits from an exercise programme.
Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics, quality of life and fitness in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Kakon G. A. , Hadjiyannakis S. , Sigal R. J. , Doucette S. , Goldfield G. S. , Kenny G. P. , Prud'homme D. , Buchholz A. , Lamb M. , Alberga A. S. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is often used to diagnose obesity in childhood and adolescence but has limitations as an index of obesity‐related morbidity. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS‐P) is a clinical staging system that uses weight‐related comorbidities to determine health risk in paediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of EOSS‐P and BMI percentile with quality of life (QOL), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength in adolescents with obesity.MethodsParticipants were enrolled at baseline in the Healthy Eating, Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth trial (BMI = 34.6 ± 4.5 kg m−2, age = 15.6 ± 1.4 years, N = 299). QOL, CRF (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) and muscular strength were assessed by the Pediatric QOL Inventory (PedsQL), indirect calorimetry during a maximal treadmill test and eight‐repetition maximum bench and leg press tests, respectively. Participants were staged from 0 to 3 (absent to severe health risk) according to EOSS‐P. Associations were assessed using age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted general linear models.ResultsQuality of life decreased with increasing EOSS‐P stages (p < 0.001). QOL was 75.7 ± 11.4 in stage 0/1, 69.1 ± 13.1 in stage 2 and 55.4 ± 13.0 in stage 3. BMI percentile was associated with VO2peak (β = –0.044 mlO2 kg−1 min−1 per unit increase in BMI percentile, p < 0.001), bench press (β = 0.832 kg per unit increase in BMI percentile, p = 0.029) and leg press (β = 3.992 kg, p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in treadmill time or VO2peak between EOSS‐P stages (p > 0.05).ConclusionAs EOSS‐P stages increase, QOL decreases. BMI percentile was negatively associated with CRF and positively associated with muscular strength.
Intuitive eating, objective weight status and physical indicators of health
Authors: Keirns N. G. , Hawkins M. A. W. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIntroductionIntuitive eating (IE) has emerged as a weight‐neutral approach to health promotion for those with overweight/obesity. This weight‐neutral paradigm has some support, although research thus far has often neglected to control for potential confounds (i.e. objective weight status and demographics) and foundational studies are lacking. The objective of the current study was to observe the unique association of IE with physical health indicators in a sample of adults, independent of objective weight status.MethodsParticipants were 248 adults (32 ± 14 years old, 73% female, 64% White) of all weight categories (18.2–55.3 kg m−2), with an average body mass index (BMI) of 30 ± 8 kg m−2. IE was measured with the Intuitive Eating Scale‐2 (IES‐2). BMI was objectively measured in‐lab. Health indicators included blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose.ResultsA series of hierarchical linear regressions revealed no significant associations between IE and systolic BP (β = −0.076, P = 0.256), diastolic BP (DBP; β = −0.122, P = 0.073) or fasting glucose (β = 0.047, P = 0.500) after controlling for BMI. All effects sizes were small or below (f2 = 0.00 to −0.04). Sensitivity analyses revealed significantly lower DBP in high intuitive eaters versus low when analysed with a t‐test, t(111.651) = 3.602, P < 0.001, Levene corrected; however, after controlling for relevant covariates (i.e. BMI and demographics), analysis of covariance revealed no difference in DBP between groups, F(1, 116) = 0.330, P = 0.567. No significant differences in systolic BP or fasting glucose were observed between low and high intuitive eaters before or after considering covariates.ConclusionsIn sum, this study investigated associations between IE and common indicators of physical health after controlling for objective weight status. Findings revealed no unique relationship between IE and physical health, and any IE–physical health relationships that were observed were accounted for BMI and/or demographic factors.
Co‐delivery of methotrexate and doxorubicin via nanocarriers of star‐like poly(DMAEMA‐block‐HEMA‐block‐AAc) terpolymers
Authors: Saraei Mahnaz , Sarvari Raana , Massoumi Bakhshali , Agbolaghi Samira 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCombined therapy is a promising strategy for clinical cancer treatment with synergistic effects. The purpose of the work reported was to evaluate a smart nanocarrier for co‐delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and methotrexate (MTX). Since star‐like nanocarriers can load a high dose of drugs with various properties, we developed star polymer nanomicelles based on poly[(2,2‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐block‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐block‐(acrylic acid)] having potential for multi‐drug delivery. The nanomicelles demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, i.e. 97.1% for DOX and 79.5% for MTX. To this end, the star‐like terpolymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization with pentaerythritol as an initiator. The micellar properties and dual stimuli‐responsive behaviour of the terpolymers were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements, concluding that this co‐therapy offers a promising approach for cancer treatment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic Analysis Reveals that Odoroside A Triggers G2/M Arrest and Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma Through ROS‐p53 Pathway
Authors: Chen Yan‐Yan , Wen Shi‐Yuan , Deng Chun‐Miao , Yin Xing‐Feng , Sun Zheng‐Hua , Jiang Miao‐Miao , He Qing‐Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOdoroside A (OA) is an active ingredient extracted from the leaves of Nerium oleander Linn. (Apocynaceae). This study aims to examine the anticancer bioactivity of OA against CRC cells and to investigate the action mechanisms involved. As a result, OA can significantly inhibit cellular ability and induce apoptosis of CRC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner without any obvious cytotoxicity in normal colorectal epithelial cells. Then, quantitative proteomics combined with bioinformatics is adopted to investigate the alterations of proteins and signaling pathways in response to OA treatment. As suggested by the proteomic analysis, flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses validate that exposure of CRC cells to OA causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, accompanied with the activation of the ROS/p53 signaling pathway. This observation demonstrates that OA, as a natural product, can induce oxidative stress to suppress tumor cell growth, implicating a novel therapeutic agent against CRC without obvious side effects.
Introducing psychology services to advanced cancer patients: A randomized double‐blind trial
Authors: Ann‐Yi Sujin , Tanco Kimberson , Carmack Cindy L. , Liu Diane D. , Bansal Swati , Williams Janet , Lim Kyu‐Hyoung , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContextPsychology services utilization in cancer patients remains low due to barriers such as patient/caregiver acceptance of counseling.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine if the manner of introducing psychology services impacted patients' acceptance of services and to identify factors associated with acceptance and barriers to psychology utilization.MethodsIn this double‐blind randomized cross‐over trial, cancer patients with no prior psychology services observed two video vignettes: (a) physician introducing counselor and psychology services to the patient (PI) and (b) counselor introducing psychology services alone (CI). A counterbalanced design was used to control for order effects. After viewing both videos, patients completed a survey regarding preference, attitudes, and barriers for psychology services. Patients and investigators were blinded to the purpose of the study and content and order of videos, respectively. We hypothesized that patients would prefer physician introduction of counselor.ResultsOne hundred patients participated: 40 (40%) expressed no difference, 34 (34%) preferred PI, and 26 (26%) preferred CI (P > .2). Younger patients (less than 40 years) either preferred PI (86%) or had no preference (14%, P = .01). Most reported awareness of available psychology services (N = 63), and half (N = 50) were offered psychology services by their physician. Only 40 (40%) and 43 (43%) patients felt psychology services would be helpful for them and their family/caregivers, respectively. Patients who perceived psychology as helpful for self or family had higher anxiety (P = .01 and P = .006, respectively).ConclusionsNo significant difference was found in patient preference of introducing psychology services except in patients less than 40 years old who preferred PI.
Solution NMR structure of CGL2373, a polyketide cyclase‐like protein from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Cai Cong , Nie Yao , Gong Yixuan , Li Shuangli , Ramelot Theresa A. , Kennedy Michael A. , Yue Xiali , Zhu Jiang , Liu Maili , Yang Yunhuang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein CGL2373 from Corynebacterium glutamicum was previously proposed to be a member of the polyketide_cyc2 family, based on amino‐acid sequence and secondary structure features derived from NMR chemical shift assignments. We report here the solution NMR structure of CGL2373, which contains three α‐helices and one antiparallel β‐sheet and adopts a helix‐grip fold. This structure shows moderate similarities to the representative polyketide cyclases, TcmN, WhiE, and ZhuI. Nevertheless, unlike the structures of these homologs, CGL2373 structure looks like a half‐open shell with a much larger pocket, and key residues in the representative polyketide cyclases for binding substrate and catalyzing aromatic ring formation are replaced with different residues in CGL2373. Also, the gene cluster where the CGL2373‐encoding gene is located in C. glutamicum contains additional genes encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase, folylpolyglutamate synthase, and valine‐tRNA ligase, different from the typical gene cluster encoding polyketide cyclase in Streptomyces. Thus, although CGL2373 is structurally a polyketide cyclase‐like protein, the function of CGL2373 may differ from the known polyketide cyclases and needs to be further investigated. The solution structure of CGL2373 lays a foundation for in silico ligand screening and binding site identifying in future functional study.