bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Federal Parity and Spending for Mental Illness
Authors: Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Epstein Andrew J. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Haffajee Rebecca L. , McGinty Emma E. , Busch Alisa B. , Huskamp Haiden A. , Barry Colleen L. 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND:
Families of children with mental health conditions face heavy economic burdens. One of the objectives of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) is to reduce the financial burden for those with intensive mental health service needs. Few researchers to date have examined MHPAEA’s effects on children with mental health conditions and those with particularly high mental health expenditures.

METHODS:
A difference-in-differences approach was used to compare commercially insured children ages 3 to 18 years (in 2008) who were continuously enrolled in plans newly subject to parity under MHPAEA to children continuously enrolled in plans never subject to parity. Data included inpatient, outpatient, and pharmaceutical claims for 2008–2012 from 3 national commercial insurers. We examined annual mental health service use and spending outcomes.

RESULTS:
Among children with mental health conditions who were enrolled in plans subject to parity, parity was associated with $140 (95% confidence interval: −$196 to −$84) lower average annual out-of-pocket (OOP) mental health spending than expected given changes in the comparison group. Among children who were ≥85th percentile in total mental health spending, parity was associated with $234 (−$391 to −$76) lower average annual OOP mental health spending.

CONCLUSIONS:
MHPAEA was associated with increased financial protection on average for children with mental health conditions and among those at the higher end of the spending distribution. However, estimated reductions in OOP spending were likely too modest to have substantially reduced financial burden on families of children with particularly high mental health expenditures.
The Nutritional Quality of Gluten-Free Products for Children
Authors: Elliott Charlene 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the nutritional quality of gluten-free (GF) products specifically marketed for children.

METHODS:
All child-targeted food products were purchased from 2 major supermarket chains in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Using the Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model, the nutritional quality of products with a GF claim was compared with those without such a claim. A secondary analysis further compared the nutrient profile of child-targeted GF products to their product “equivalents.”

RESULTS:
Overall, child-targeted GF products had lower levels of sodium, total fat, and saturated fat but also had less protein and a similar percentage of calories from sugar compared with child-targeted products without a GF claim. According to the Pan American Health Organization criteria, both GF products and "regular" products designed for children can be classified as having poor nutritional quality (88% vs 97%; P &lt; .001). When analyzed in light of their product equivalents without a GF claim, both had similarly high levels of sugar (79% vs 81%; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
GF supermarket foods that are targeted at children are not nutritionally superior to regular child-targeted foods and may be of greater potential concern because of their sugar content. The health halo often attributed to the GF label is not warranted, and parents who substitute GF products for their product equivalents (assuming GF products to be healthier) are mistaken. Parents of children with gluten intolerance and/or sensitivity, along with parents who purchase GF products for other health reasons, need to carefully assess product labels when making purchases.
Trans-sphincteric anorectoplasty for rectovestibular fistula
Authors: Abdelmohsen Sarah Magdy , Abdelmohsen Sarah Magdy , Osman Mohammed Abdelkader 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
Introduction:
Imperforate anus with rectovestibular fistula is the most common form of the imperforate anus in females and is an intermediate type of this disease, which is treated surgically(2). Generally, patients with vestibular fistulas have good functional results when treated by fistula transposition (8).
Materials and methods:
This was a prospective study did from January 2016 to January 2017. We included all female with age range from (25 days -12years old) diagnosed as a rectovestibular fistula (RVF) operated by single stage TSARP, at pediatric surgery units of Assiut and Aswan university hospitals. The functional results, cosmetic appearance and postoperative complication for each case after treatment were evaluated in patients for 3-6 months.

Results:
The total numbers of cases are 22 cases from rural areas of Upper Egypt, (36.36%) of patient's fathers and mothers are relatives and have associated anomalies. (50%) of cases are complaining of recurrent attack of constipation. (45.5%) of cases developed wound infection at the neoanal site. 7 cases are now more than 3years old, 6 of those 7 cases achieved voluntary bowel control and toilet trained and have good (4-5 points) wing spread score. One case less than 3 years old also achieved voluntary bowel control and toilet trained and has good (5 points) wing spread score.
Conclusion:
Trans-sphincter anorectoplasty (TSARP) is easy to perform with reasonable operative time, good cosmetic and functional outcome. Separation of the rectum from the posterior wall of the vagina is the most delicate step of the operation, takes place under direct vision. Constipation is an essential problem in patients that can be managed by laxatives. Meticulous post-operative wound care is essential.
: Dysmenorrhea and impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Taiwo Ogunfowora Olumide 
Published: July 2018

Background: Dysmenorrhea, painful menstruation, is a common chronic condition of pain that affects a wide range of young women capable of reducing their quality of life, decrease their ability to function at a 100 percent and ultimately causing a reduction in productively for the affected person for a period of time.
Many studies have shown that the level of knowledge about dysmenorrhea is unsatisfactory especially in young women and that it indeed has the ability to disrupt a peaceful flow in rhythm and pattern of women in executing daily activities, the aim of this study is therefore to determine the true extent at which dysmenorrhea interferes with daily activities.
Materials and Methods: Data collection was done using an 18-item self-administered questionnaire developed to capture the aim of this study between September and November, 2016. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 11.5 (SPSS 11.5). Descriptive statistics of socio-demographic information, menstrual history and symptoms of participants regarding dysmenorrhea as well as impact on quality of life were determined and reported in the forms of mean, standard deviation, proportions and percentages.

Results: The average participant’s age was 20 years +/- 1.206 years (ranging from 17-30 years). 24% (76) were found to be less than 20 years of age whereas only 8% (25) were above 22 years of age. Most of the responders, 68% (216) fell within the age group of 20-24. The mean BMI of the participants was 22.03 +/- 2.27 kg/m2 (ranging from 16.8 kg/m2 to 33.04 kg/m2 ). Most of the participants had a normal BMI (18.5-25) which was around 69% of the total participants. Participants in the underweight and overweight categories had almost equal distribution with 17% were and 14% respectively
Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is a common health problem and high gynecological referral rate due to its high prevalence rate. It exerts a significant effect on the daily activities and a detrimental effect on the quality of life among the female population
Kent Meydanlarının Geçmiş ve Günümüz Görüntülerinin Görsel Peyzaj Kalitesinin Saptanması: İstanbul İli Taksim Meydanı Örneği
Authors: ACARLI Belma , KİPER Tuğba 
Published: July 2018

Araştırmada, İstanbul
İli için önemli bir tarihi birikime
sahip Taksim meydanı ve yakın çevresinin; geçmiş ve günümüz durumunun görsel peyzaj
kalitesine ilişkin değişimi irdelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada; alana
ilişkin eski ve yeni kent görünümleri açısından görsel peyzaja ilişkin algısal
farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında görsel peyzaj analizi yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Taksim Meydanı ve yakın çevresinde yer alan kentsel
kimlik açısından önem teşkil eden Taksim Meydanı, Taksim Maksemi, İstiklal
Caddesi, Cumhuriyet Caddesi, Gezi Parkı, Atatürk Kültür Merkezi, The Marmara
Oteli'ne ait 7 şer adet fotoğraftan oluşan
geçmiş ve günümüze ilişkin görüntüler uzman grubu tarafından 5 ana 18 alt
parametre temelinde 5’li Likert ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı
istatistiki değerlendirmeler sonucunda, en çok ve en az tercih edilen geçmiş ve
günümüz görünümlerine ilişkin mekânsal karakteristikler tespit edilmiştir.
PROBLEMS OF ANALYTICAL CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF RARE AND PRECIOUS METALS
Authors: Karpov Yu. A. , Baranovskaya V. B. 
Published: July 2018

The article focuses on one of the important issues in rare and precious metals industry development – analytical control. It reviews the current state, importance, problems and prospects for analytical control development as an integral part of the rare and precious metal production and product quality assurance. Modern analytical control methods are described, namely atomic spectral, mass spectral, X-ray fluorescent and combined ones as well as their rational applications. It is shown that scientific and technological progress is inextricably linked with a drastic increase in the nomenclature of materials based on rare and precious metals and higher requirements for their quality. This will require creating new and improving existing analytical control methods, their standardization and metrological support. This work should involve research organizations in theRussianAcademy of Sciences, universities, industry research centers with research laboratories that have survived in the country after theSoviet Union dissolution, as well as promote plant research activities. It is necessary to effectively use the achievements of advanced analytical laboratories abroad, participate in international comparative tests. At the same time, special attention is paid to unsolved problems – scientifically justified statement of requirements for new types of products based on rare and precious metals; development and metrological assessment of sampling methods; development of high-quality metrological support for analytical control of rare and precious metal production; improvement of analytical methods; standardization of analytical methods; accreditation of analytical laboratories; training of highly qualified analytical chemists.
USING MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT TO OBTAIN METAL POWDERS FOR ENERGY-INTENSIVE COMBUSTIBLE COMPOSITIONS: 1. FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE AND STATE OF ALUMINUM POWDER PARTICLES OBTAINED AS A RESULT OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Mofa N. N. , Sadykov B. S. , Bakkara A. E. , Mansurov Z. A. 
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of mechanochemical treatment of aluminum powder particles in a ball mill using various organic modifiers (graphite, stearic acid, polyvinyl alcohol) as a surfactant additive in order to increase powder dispersity and modify the surface layer of initial particles. Scanning force microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy and EDX methods were used to study the morphology, dispersion, structure, and the average particle size of aluminum powders after mechanochemical treatment, and this study showed significant changes in the surface layer of particles. It is found that mechanochemical treatment of aluminum with organic additives leads to partial recovery of the oxide surface layer with several types of active centers formed capable of chemical reactions using the resulting compositions in various combustible mixtures. The study showed that with an increase in the content of modifiers, i.e. graphite and polyvinyl alcohol, the activity of aluminum rises in the composite with these additives. When the content of stearic acid in the Al composite increases, the activity index decreases. This may be due to the fact that Аl–C17H35COOH mixture milling with a large amount of stearic acid (more than 5 %) forms a dense capsule layer on the surface of aluminum particles that is poorly soluble in alkali. During mechanical action the composition powders under study show both the accumulation and redistribution of defects throughout the particle, an increase in the active aluminum content, generation of active centers, and formation of an encapsulating layer based on organic modifiers on the aluminum surface.
MECHANICAL ALLOYING WITH PARTIAL AMORPHIZATION OF FE–CR–CO–NI–MN MULTICOMPONENT POWDER MIXTURE AND ITS SPARK PLASMA SINTERING FOR COMPACT HIGH-ENTROPY MATERIAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Kochetov N. A. , Rogachev A. S. , Shchukin A. S. , Vadchenko S. G. , Kovalev I. D. 
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the results of studying the mechanical alloying (MA) effect on the surface morphology, microstructure and atomic-crystal structure of multicomponent Fe–Cr–Co–Ni–Mn powder mixture particles. The following materials were used as initial components: radio-engineering carbonyl iron powder (R-10 with an average particle size d = 3,5 μm), nickel powder (NPE-1, d = 150 μm), cobalt powder (PK-1u, d <71 μm), chromium powder (PH-1М, d <125 μm) and manganese powder (MR0, d <400 μm) were used. MA of the prepared mixture was carried out in the AGO-2 water-cooled mechanical activator using 9 mm steel balls with an acceleration of 90 g in air. Alloying time varied between 5 and 90 minutes. The ratio of ball mass to the mass of the mixture was 20 : 1. X-ray patterns of the initial and alloyed mixtures and the sample obtained by sintering were made on the DRON 3M diffractometer on FeKα radiation in the range of angles 2θ = 30°÷100°. The particle microstructure of the mixtures and compact sample section after sintering was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that no peaks of the initial components are present on the X-ray pattern of the mixture after 90 minutes of mechanical activation, but there are peaks corresponding to the γ-Fe-based solid solution phase having a face-centered crystal lattice with an amorphous phase content increased by 20 %. A compact single-phase material was obtained by spark plasma sintering at 800 °С for 10 minutes from the mixture after 90-minute alloying. Material density was 7,49 kg/cm3, specific electrical resistivity was 0,94÷0,96·10–6 ·m, microhardness was 306÷328 kg/mm2, and the phase was distributed uniformly throughout the volume.
DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS FOR THE PLASTICITY MODEL OF VT-22 ALLOY POWDER PARTICLES
Authors: Kryuchkov D. I. , Zalazinskii A. G. , Romanova O. V. , Nesterenko A. V. , Smirnova E. O. 
Published: July 2018

A computational and experimental method is proposed to determine the medium model for describing the mechanical properties of powder particles of a high-strength VT-22 titanium alloy obtained by plasma spraying in an inert gas jet. The method is based on the indirect determination of the σs ~ ε strain hardening diagram (yield stress dependence on plastic deformation). A specimen for fullscale tests was prepared as a section of powder particles filled into a special resin. The paper provides the results of Vickers indentation into VT-22 powder particles and the results of computer simulation of this process by the finite element method. The average value of the maximum indentation depth was hmax = 6,56 μm with a maximum loading value of 2 N. The Johnson-Cook elasto-plastic model of a material with nonlinear hardening was used for the volume element considered during the computer simulation. An algorithm for searching coefficients by computational experiment multistage planning was proposed to identify the parameters of the equation sought. Estimated maximum coincidences of experimental and calculated data were chosen as selection criteria, in particular, based on maximum indentation depth. As a result of the study, material model coefficient values that meet search conditions best were chosen from a possible set of such values. According to the algorithm proposed, the result was achieved in 4 calculation cycles. Powder metallographic study was carried out. It was found that particles have a coarse intragranular structure with the dominating b phase formed during plasma spraying. This probably led to a decrease in VT-22 alloy deformation resistance in the powder particles.
SYNTHESIS OF COMPOSITE POWDERS «TIC – NICRBSI ALLOY BINDER» FOR CLADDING AND DEPOSITION OF WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS
Authors: Pribytkov G. A. , Firsina I. A. , Korzhova V. V. , Krinitсyn M. G. , Polyanskaya A. A. 
Published: July 2018

TiC + NiCrBSi binder metal matrix composites were obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in the reaction powder mixtures of titanium, carbon (carbon black) and NiCrBSi alloy. It has been found that steady combustion in a stationary mode occurs when the content of the thermally inert metal binder in reactive mixtures does not exceed 50 vol.%. Porous SHS cakes were crashed and resulting granules were separated to fractions by screening to get the composite powder fraction necessary for coating application. Synthesis products were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. It has been found that the average size of carbide inclusions depends on the content of thermally inert alloy powder in the reaction mixtures and can be purposefully regulated in a wide range. The microhardness of composite powder granules obtained by crushing the SHS conglomerates decreases monotonically with an increasing content of the metal binder having hardness less than that of titanium carbide. According to X-ray diffraction data, the titanium carbide lattice parameter turns out to be considerably less than values known for equiatomic titanium carbide. It has been found by electron microprobe analysis of carbide inclusions in the composite structure that the ratio of carbon and titanium mass contents is 0,21 as compared with 0,25 in equiatomic titanium carbide. Iron and silicon contents in the carbide are negligible, oxygen and nickel contents are below 1 wt.%, and chromium content is 2,5 wt.%. The analysis of known data on the effect of all the above-listed dopants on the titanium carbide lattice allows for a conclusion that the carbon deficit is a main reason of the lattice parameter reduction.
Peculiarities of roentgenological picture of pulmonary tuberculosis upon HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism depending on pro-and-antiinflammatory cytokines concentration
Authors: Stepanova N. A. , Kantemirova B. I. , Galimzyanov Kh. M. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the peculiar features of roentgenological picture of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with polymorphous HLA-DRB1 allels in the genotype in associations with pro-and-antiinflammatory cytokines concentration.
Materials and methods. The complex clinicoimmunogenetic examination of 64 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was carried out. The patients’ age ranged 18 to 52 years. The gene HLA-DRB1 polymorphism was determined using the method of polymerase chain reaction with DNA, previously extracted from blood samples. Cytokine concentration was determined in the peripheral blood before specific treatment, using the assay kits of “Vector-BEST Company” (Russia).
Results. The prevailing clinical form of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients was infiltrative one – 40 (62.5). Bacterioexcretion was stated in 89.5 % of cases. Roentgenological picture of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with HLA-DRB1 *04, *13, *14, *16 alleles was characterized as disseminated injury of lung tissue with destructive changes, the concentration of IL-1b, TNF-α exceeded the standard values by more than 3 times (r = 0.88; р = 0.040), IL-2, IL-10, g-INF was lower than standard values by more than 4–5 times (r = 0.75; р = 0.003).
Conclusions. When studying HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism and pro-and-antiinflammatory cytokines concentrations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, it was established that patients with HLA-DRB1 *01, *07, *08, *10, *15 alleles more often, compared to the others, had disseminated injury of lung tissue, in most cases with its destruction as well as dysbalanced cytokine balance in the direction of deep immunosuppression.
Peculiar features of immunogenetic parameters in children with atopic diseases
Authors: Illek Ya. Yu. , Vyaznikova M. L. , Leushina N. P. , Mischenko I. Yu. , Ryseva L. L. , Solovieva G. V. , Tarasova E. Yu. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To determine the peculiarities of distributing antigens of major histocompatibility complex in children with atopic dermatitis and children with bronchial asthma.
Materials and methods. Serologic typing of HLA class I-complex antigens and molecular typing of HLA class II-complex antigens was fulfilled in 52 children (age range 5 to 14 years) with disseminated moderate and severe atopic dermatitis and 122 children (age range 5 to 14 years) with moderate and severe atopic bronchial asthma.
Results. Among children with atopic dermatitis, there was found high incidence rate of HLA-complex antigens B15, B16, B17, DRB1*13 and DQB1*0602-8, presentation of which was associated with elevation of relative risk for the development of disease by 3.3–8.4 times. In children with atopic bronchial asthma, the observed high incidence rate of HLA-complex antigens A26, B18 and DRB1*17 was associated with rise of relative risk for the development of disease by 3.0–9.1 times.
Hygienic assessment of foreign students’ living conditions in the hostel of perm state medical university
Authors: Koryukina I. P. , Kulesh T. A. , Zueva T. V. , Arbuzova T. P. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To present the hygienic assessment of foreign students’ living conditions in the hostel of Perm State Medical University.
Materials and methods. Sanitary-epidemiological estimation of arrangement, equipment and maintenance of the hostel for Indian students was performed. Hygienic assessment of the hostel territory, rooms and accommodations for common use, equipment and facilities of the building and rooms was presented. In the living and auxiliary rooms, sanitary-hygienic tests (measurements) regarding microclimate (90), infrared radiation (20), noise level (45), electromagnetic radiation (40), natural and artificial light (65) were fulfilled.
Results. Objective assessment of social factor and living conditions, influencing adaptation of foreign students to new climatico-geographic conditions was obtained. The living conditions for foreign students in the hostel of Perm State Medical University correspond to sanitary-epidemiological rules and standards, except for the level of noise.
Conclusions. Favorable social and living conditions, offered to Indian students in the student’s hostel, help them to overcome difficulties, connected with adaptation of foreign medical students.