bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity, Food “Deserts,” and Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Berkowitz Seth A. , Karter Andrew J. , Corbie-Smith Giselle , Seligman Hilary K. , Ackroyd Sarah A. , Barnard Lily S. , Atlas Steven J. , Wexler Deborah J. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE
Both food insecurity (limited food access owing to cost) and living in areas with low physical access to nutritious foods are public health concerns, but their relative contribution to diabetes management is poorly understood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective cohort study. A random sample of patients with diabetes in a primary care network completed food insecurity assessment in 2013. Low physical food access at the census tract level was defined as no supermarket within 1 mile in urban areas and 10 miles in rural areas. HbA1c measurements were obtained from electronic health records through November 2016. The relationship among food insecurity, low physical food access, and glycemic control (as defined by HbA1c) was analyzed using hierarchical linear mixed models.

RESULTS
Three hundred and ninety-one participants were followed for a mean of 37 months. Twenty percent of respondents reported food insecurity, and 31% resided in an area of low physical food access. In adjusted models, food insecurity was associated with higher HbA1c (difference of 0.6% [6.6 mmol/mol], 95% CI 0.4–0.8 [4.4–8.7], P &lt; 0.0001), which did not improve over time (P = 0.50). Living in an area with low physical food access was not associated with a difference in HbA1c (difference 0.2% [2.2 mmol/mol], 95% CI −0.2 to 0.5 [−2.2 to 5.6], P = 0.33) or with change over time (P = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS
Food insecurity is associated with higher HbA1c, but living in an area with low physical food access is not. Food insecurity screening and interventions may help improve glycemic control for vulnerable patients.
Comparison of the use of fresh-frozen canine cadavers and a realistic composite ex vivo simulator for training in small animal flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Pérez-Merino Eva M. , Usón-Gargallo Jesús , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Usón-Casaús Jesús M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the usefulness of fresh-frozen canine cadavers (FFCCs) and a validated canine simulator model for training veterinary students in basic gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.
DESIGN Randomized trial.
SAMPLE 48 veterinary students in their final year of training.
PROCEDURES Students were randomly assigned to receive basic gastrointestinal endoscopic training on a canine simulator or FFCC. All students were trained as assigned in esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic gastric biopsy, and gastric foreign body removal for 2 h/d for 5 days. They then performed each procedure on a live dog, and procedure completion time and performance ability were compared between groups. Two experienced endoscopists used a validated Likert-type procedural rating scale to rate the students' performance. Students completed a survey to rate their training model.
RESULTS No significant differences were identified between groups in quality of performance of the 3 endoscopic procedures on a live dog. Students required significantly less time to complete the procedures on a live dog when trained on an FFCC versus canine simulator. Although both training models were considered equally useful by students, training on the simulator was significantly more stimulating.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Students showed the same skill level in performing basic endoscopic procedures on live dogs regardless of the training model used, although students who trained on the FFCC completed these procedures faster than students trained on the canine simulator. Use of the simulator appeared to be a viable alternative to use of FFCCs for veterinary endoscopic training, providing students with a good level of proficiency before performing endoscopic procedures on live dogs.
Pengaruh Ragam Tes Performansi dan Kelompok Penilai Terhadap Fungsi Informasi Tugas Praktek Siswa SMK
Authors: Wakhinuddin Wakhinuddin 
Published: March 2018

The objective of the experimental research was to investigate the effect of weighted and unweighted performance test with rating scales, and internal and external assessors to information function of studentâ€™s tasks. The study was conducted at seven vocational schools in West Sumatera, involving 864 students and 46 tasks. The sample was drawn by using simple random sampling technique, and placement was done by means of random matrix method. Data was collected through a performance test and Rasch, and analyzed using Anova by Factorial 2x2 design. The results of the research are: 1) the information function of the weighted rating scale was more effective than the unweighted rating scale; 2) the information function of the studentâ€™s task assessed by external assessors was higher than that assessed by internal assessors; and 3) The interaction factor between types of performance test and assessor groups affected the information function of studentâ€™s task.ABSTRAKÂ Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tes performansi skala penilaian pakai pembobotan (SPPP), skala penilaian tanpa pembobotan (SPTP), penilai internal dan eksternal terhadap fungsi informasi tugas. Penelitian dilakukan pada tujuh SMK di Sumatera Barat; meliputi sampel 864 subjek dan 46 tugas. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode random sampel sederhana, penempatan subjek dengan metode random matriks sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan tes performansi dan dianalisis dengan metode Rasch. Penelitian menggunakan Anava (desain faktorial 2x2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Fungsi informasi tugas SPPP lebih tinggi daripada fungsi informasi tugas SPTP; 2) Fungsi informasi tugas dinilai penilai eksternal lebih tinggi daripada fungsi informasi tugas dinilai penilai internal; 3) Faktor interaksi antara ragam tes performansi dan kelompok penilai mempengaruhi fungsi informasi tugas.
Telaah Atas Konsep Sekolah Pada Buku Laskar Pelangi dan Dunia Tanpa Sekolah
Authors: Mintarti Mintarti 
Published: March 2018

This research aims is to know definition and school concept meaning on Laskar Pelangi books and Dunia Tanpa Sekolah and also to know the factors which cand be influences of the background of the differences to give deffinition of the concept above. The method of this study is by using model van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The core of analytical is re-grouping three dymention wacana texs, social cognitive, and social contexs within one analisys. The result of the study shows that there is deffrence in giving meaning on school Pelangi books and Dunia Tanpa Sekolah. On Laskar Pelangi, the meaning of school is the institution give freedom to student to make expression. Otherwise, on Dunia Tanpa Sekolah book is to have jail. The cause of defferences is the deferences of social-economy background. In school, itâ€™s the faact that there is defference between them.Â ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui definisi dan makna konsep sekolah dalam buku Laskar Pelangi (LP) dan Dunia Tanpa Sekolah (DTS) serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi perbedaan cara memaknai konsep itu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis wacana kritis (Critical Discourse Analysis) khususnya model van Dijk. Inti analisisnya menggabungkan tiga dimensi wacana teks, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial ke dalam satu kesatuan analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pemaknaan konsep â€œsekolahâ€ pada buku LP dan DTS. Dalam LP, sekolah dimaknai sebagai lembaga yang memerdekakan sementara dalam DTS sekolah dimaknai sebagai lembaga yang memenjarakan. Perbedaan cara pandang di antara keduanya disebabkan oleh perbedaan latar belakang sosial budaya pengarangnya. Andrea berasal dari keluarga miskin dalam masyarakat yang sangat tajam stratifikasi sosialnya, sementara Izza anak dari pasangan guru yang relatif mapan status sosial ekonominya. Di sekolah, keduanya menemukan kenyataan yang berbeda. Andrea bertemu dengan guru-guru yang menginspirasi, yaitu guru yang mampu menerjemahkan kurikulum sedemikian rupa sehingga melekat kuat di benak murid serta dapat membangkitkan semangat untuk keluar dari segala kesulitan. Faktor lain yaitu jumlah murid di kelas Andrea yang karena dipaksa oleh keadaan hanya berjumlah sepuluh orang. Kelas kecil ini justru dapat menciptakan interaksi antar murid yang intens, sehingga suasana belajar menjadi lebih menyenangkan. Sebaliknya, sebagai anak guru yang tidak asing dengan dunia sekolah Izza memiliki pengalaman tidak nyaman di tahun-tahun pertamanya masuk sekolah. Selain itu, hobinya membaca termasuk bacaan-bacaan radikal tentang pendidikan yang tersedia di rumahnya, makin membuatnya sangat membenci sekolah.
Impelementasi Pendekatan Pembelajaran Problem Posingdan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Kadir Kadir 
Published: March 2018

The objective of the present study is to find out the effect of implementation of problem posing approach on the studentsâ€™learning outcome in mathematics. The study was conducted in MTsN 22 Kampus B Munjul Jakarta Timur at academic year 2005/2006. There were 7th grade students as the sample of the study, selected through cluster random sampling. The data were gathered by using a test. Data analysis was done by using t -test. The results of the study have revealed that problem posing approach effected the studentsâ€™ learning outcome in mathematics. Learning in mathematics by problem posing approach can make the students be active and creative, it was shown at competences of the students to develop mathâ€™s problem themselves, manage, and to explore the information for posing the mathematicsâ€™ problem that is solvable. Through instructional by problem posing approach can also improve the studentsâ€™ activity in teaching and learning, especially interacting and sharing ideas on both the students each other and the teacher, so learning activity is becoming meaningful the studentsâ€™ mastery of the concept.Â ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem posingterhadap hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian dilakukan di MTs Negeri 22 Kampus B Munjul Jakarta Timur Tahun Pelajaran 2005/2006 dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 90 siswa kelas VII yang dipilih dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik uji-t. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan pendekatan problem posingberpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan problem posing mampu membuat siswa aktif dan kreatif, terlihat dari kemampuan siswa mengembangkan masalah matematika sendiri, mengolah dan mengeksplorasi informasi yang ada dan mengajukan masalah matematika yang dapat diselesaikan. Melalui pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem posing juga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, khususnya dalam berinteraksi dan sharing ideadiantara siswa dan guru sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran lebih bermakna dan pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep menjadi lebih baik.
Pengembangan Model Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah yang Efektif
Authors: Mane Mbeu La Ode , Anwar Anawar 
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study are: 1). To find an appropriate model of principal leadership conducting a pilot in public junior high schools in Konda sub-District; 2). To find out the description of the NEM paradigm of principal leadership concept; which include entrepreneurship skill, good role model, capable and democratic in implementing the leadership skill as a principal. The result of this study describes; 1). The model of principal leadership skill besed on the public junior high school in Konda, which include entrepreneur skill, good role model, capable and democratic, and 2) the description of the result of the head master leadership skill including; a) entrepreneur skill is moderate; b) good role model is moderate; c) capability is effective; d) democracy is very effective.Â ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) untuk mendapatkan sebuah model kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang efektif sesuai dengan kondisi SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Konda dan 2) untuk mendapatkan gambaran keefektifan pilar entrepreneur, teladan, cerdas dan demokratis dalam implementasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah efektif di SMP Negeri Kecamatan Konda. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa: 1) model kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang efektif sesuai dengan kondisi di SMP Negeri se-Kecamatan Konda adalah kepemimpinan entrepreneur, teladan, cerdas dan demokratis (ENTELCERDS) dan 2) efektivitas implementasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah efektif di SMP Negeri se-Kecamatan Konda terkait dengan: (a) Entrepreneur secara rerata berkualifikasi cukup efektif, (b) Keteladanan secara rerata berkualifikasi cukup efektif; (c) kecerdasan secara rerata berkualifikasi efektif, dan (d) demokratis secara rerata berkualifikasi sangat efektif.
Facial Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrrole/zinc oxide (ZnO) Nanorode and Flower-like Shape Composites
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Sang 
Published: March 2018

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites reinforced with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod and nano flower were fabricated by chemical oxidative polymerization method using an ammonium per-sulphate (APS, (NH4)2S2O8) as an oxidizing agent. The polymer nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results were compared with pure as-prepared PPy. The SEM images of the nanocomposites show homogeneous dispersion characteristics and different morphologies of ZnO structures such as rod and flower-like shapes. In the FTIR spectra, composite samples showed characteristic peaks of PPy shifted to higher positions confirmed the interfacial interactions between ZnO and PPy matrix.
Low cost pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste by white rot fungi for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: B Thamilmaraiselvi , PF Steffi , N Sathammaipriya , K Sangeetha 
Published: March 2018

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast. It has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. The present study was performed to produce lignin degrading enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic substrates and to produce ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae by performing FTIR method. The yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated and screened for the production of lignolytic enzymes. Then it was pretreated to produce lignocellulosic substrates. Lignocellulosic materials are considered the most abundant renewable resource available for the production of ethanol by FTIR method. The present study concluded the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production in future.
Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Lignocellulosic; Ethanol; FTIR
Evaluation of antioxidant and Anthelmintic activity of methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Authors: M Vijaya Jyothi , E Bhargav , K Pavan Kumar , K Praneeth Gowd , S Ram Pavan 
Published: March 2018

Nyctanthes arbour-tristis is a shrub belongs to the family Oleaceae. The flowers of this plant are fragrant since the presence of flavonol glycosides. It has also been reported for the presence of β-sitosterol, iridoid glycosides, tannins etc., and known to have immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiviral and antifungal activities. In the present study an attempt is made to identify antioxidant capacity and anthelminthic potential of methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by total phenolic content assay, total flavonoids content assay, free radical scavenging activity and reducing ability methods. Anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Perithima posthuma using Piperazine citrate as standard drug. The results obtained for the above activities reveals that Nyctanthes arbour-tristis shows considerable antioxidant activity for all the methods and anthelminthic potential at 300 mg/ml.
Keywords: arbour-tristis; antioxidant activity; anthelminthic activity; Perithima posthuma; Piperazine citrate.
Various chemical groups produced by endophytic fungi isolated from the Calotropis procera- A pharmaceutically important xerophytic plant
Authors: I Vinibha Rajakumari , Rajagopal Kalyanaraman , V Sriraman , V Vanitha , S Mohanasundaram 
Published: March 2018

In the present study leaf tissue of host plant Calotropis procera was screened for the presence of endophytic fungi. The crude extract of the isolated endophytic fungi was tested for various chemical groups like alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenoids and phenols. Our study showed the presence of 25 endophytic fungi isolated from the leaf tissue which constituted15 Hyphomycetes, 3 Ascomycetes, 3 Coelomycetes and 4 sterile forms. The qualitative analysis in all the 25 isolates showed the presence of alkaloid, phenol in 23 fungi, flavonoid in 19 and diterpenoids in 18 fungi. Fifteen endophytic fungi produced all chemical groups tested in the crude extract. Bipolaris sp a hyphomycete produced only one compound in culture. Among the four groups endophytic fungi Coelomycetes group able to produce all chemical groups tested.
Keywords: Endophytic fungi; Alkaloid; Flavonoid; Diterpenoids
Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of diosgenin in mice exposed to cyclophosphamide
Authors: G Hema , D Subbarao , BS Thippeswamy 
Published: March 2018

Diosgenin is a steroidal saponin found in a variety of plants including fenugreek and roots of wild yam and is widely used in traditional medicine systems. Diosgenin is shown to have anti-invasive, anti-proliferative and proapoptotic activities on wide range of cancer cells and a well known precursor of various synthetic steroidal drugs that are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry. The present investigation explores the genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of diosgenin in experimental mice exposed to cyclophosphamide. CP increases the formation of micronucleated PCEs in the bone marrow of mice significantly and lowers the total WBC. In mice pre-treated with diosgenin, the formation of mnPCEs is lowered in a dose dependent manner and the immune parameters are restored. Diosgenin also reduces the lipid per oxidation levels indicated by MDA assessment and restores the antioxidant GSH in the liver tissues of the mice, counteracting the effects of CP. In our study, Diosgenin did not exhibit inherent genotoxic properties nor had a synergistic effect with CP. These results indicate the potential of diosgenin as an antigenotoxic agent with a possibility to be used as an adjuvant, to counteract the side-effects of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Keywords: Antigenotoxicity; Cyclophosphamide; Diosgenin; Micronucleated PCEs; WBC; Lipid peroxidation; Reduced glutathione
Influence of macerating enzyme - Cellulase on the extraction of valuable compounds: Carotenoid and Camptothecin
Authors: Natarajan Sujatha , Yadav Sangilimuthu Alagar , Manoharan Sowmya Priya 
Published: March 2018

Macerating enzymes breaks long chain compounds during maceration for extraction of industrially important phytomolecules. Cellulase is an important class of enzyme which helps in the extraction process of phytomolecules such as carotenoids, camptothecin from their natural sources as macerating enzyme. The extraction of phytoconstituents like carotenoids, camptothecin holds high commercial value. The uses of macerating enzymes help to the extraction process of phytomolecules and increase its yield. Quality of the product is also improved in terms of stability, texture and viscosity. Camptothecin is an important drug with potential anti-cancer activity. In this work, the effect of cellulase on the extraction of carotenoid from carrot, tomato and sweet potato have been studied. As a pioneer work, the production of camptothecin from endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger has been carried out using cellulase. The quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical important phytomolecules such as carotenoids and camptothecin were performed using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, HPLC with respective standard compounds. Carotenoid extraction was made from tomato, carrot and sweet potato with cellulose enzyme found 2.5±0.25µg/g, 2.2 ±0.18µg/g, 18± 1.75 µg/g respectively. Carotenoid extracted from carrot using enzyme yielded 1.47 times higher amount of carotenoid than that of without enzyme. Carotenoid extracted from tomato, showed the maximum difference of being 7.3 times higher with enzyme than without enzyme. The another industrially important phytomolecule camptothecin extraction was made from Aspergillus niger with cellulase enzyme yielded 0.5512 mg/g which is more than the camptothecin, extracted without enzyme (0.175 mg/g). Thus, it was observed that the use of cellulase enhanced the yield of both carotenoid and camptothecin from natural sources such as plants and fungi.
Keywords: Camptothecin; Carotenoid; Cellulase enzyme; Extraction; HPLC
Pengaruh Paclobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tanaman Sanseviera (Sanseviera trifasciata Laurentii)
Authors: Ardigusa Yafqori , Sukma Dewi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol on Sansevieriagrowth and development. This research was carried out at Cikabayan green house, IPB from February - July 2010. The study consisted of two factors, i.e., the size of planting material and paclobutrazol concentration. The size of planting material were sucker length < 65 cm and ≥ 65 cmand paclobutrazol concentration consisted of 0, 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm. There were 8 treatments in Completely Randomized Design with there replications. Each experimental unit was one sucker.The result of the experiment showed that size of planting material affected plant height significantly.The highest concentration of paclobutrazol decreased plant height significantly about 19.4% compared to control. The interaction between size of plant and paclobutrazol only had significant effect on plant height.Keywords : Sanseviera, plant size, Paclobutrazol, growth, development ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paclobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Sanseviera. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Juli 2010 di rumah kaca Cikabayan, IPB. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan dua faktor, faktor pertama adalah ukuran bahan tanam terdiri atas bahan tanam (anakan) yang memiliki tinggi <65cm dan ≥65cm dan konsentrasi paclobutazol, terdiri atas 0, 62.5, 125, dan 250 ppm. Terdapat 8 kombinasi perlakuan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap satuan percobaan ialah satu bahan tanam (anakan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran bahan tanam berpengaruh nyataterhadap tinggi tanaman. Konsentrasi paclobutrazol 250 ppm menghambat pertumbuhan tinggitanaman sangat nyata sebesar 19.4% dibanding kontrol. Interaksi antara ukuran bahan tanam dan paclobutrazol hanya berpengaruh nyata pada peubah tinggi tanaman.Kata kunci : Sanseviera, ukuran tanaman, paclobutrazol, pertumbuhan, perkembangan