bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of multivariate copulas in continuous and discrete processes
Authors: Yoshizawa Yasukazu , Ishimura Naoyuki 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThere has been much interest in copulas, which are known to provide a flexible tool for analyzing the dependence structure among random variables. Dependence relations must be dynamic rather than static in nature. However, copulas are useful mainly for static matters. Thus we introduce evolving multivariate copulas, which transform through time autonomously governed by the multivariate heat equation. Our aims are to prove their existences and solutions to analyze their transitions. Moreover, we construct discrete type to apply empirical data analysis and investigate their properties, and prove that they converge to their original continuous type.
Decision analytics mobilized with digital coaching
Authors: Carlsson Christer 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe context to be addressed is the digitalization of industry and industrial processes. Digitalization brings enhanced customer relationships and value‐chain integration, which are effective instruments to meet increasing competition and slimmer margins for productivity and profitability. Digitalization also brings more pronounced requirements for effective planning, problem solving and decision making in an increasingly complex and fast‐changing environment. Decision analytics will meet the challenges from the growing global competition that major industrial corporations face and will help solve the problems of big data/fast data that digitalization is generating as a by‐product. A mantra is appearing in business magazines – that powerful, intelligent systems will be effective tools for the digitalization of industrial processes – but much less attention appears to be paid to the fact that users need advanced knowledge and skills to benefit from the intelligent systems. First, an effective transfer of knowledge from developers, experts and researchers to users (including management) will be needed; second, the daily use and operations of the systems need to be supported, as automated, intelligent industrial systems are complex to operate. We look at this transfer as knowledge mobilization and will work out how the mobilization can be supported with coaching; this coaching needs to be digital, as human coaches are both scarce and too expensive to employ in large numbers.
LET's CONNECT community mentorship program for youths with peer social problems: Preliminary findings from a randomized effectiveness trial
Authors: King Cheryl A. , Gipson Polly Y. , Arango Alejandra , Foster Cynthia Ewell , Clark Michael , Ghaziuddin Neera , Stone Deborah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of LET's CONNECT (LC), a community mentorship program for youths who report peer social problems, which is based on a positive youth development framework. Participants were 218 youths (66.5% girls), aged 12 to 15 years, who were recruited from an urban medical emergency department and screened positive for bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, and/or low social connectedness. Youths were randomized to LC (n = 106) or the control condition (n = 112). Six‐month outcomes were assessed with self‐report measures of youth social connectedness, community connectedness, thwarted belongingness, depression, self‐esteem, and suicidal ideation. LC was associated with a significant increase in only one of these outcomes, social connectedness (effect size = 0.4). It was associated consistently with trend‐level positive changes for thwarted belongingness (decreased), depression (decreased), community connectedness, and self‐esteem (effect sizes = 0.2). There was no effect on suicidal ideation (effect size = 0.0), and although not a primary outcome, eight youths in the LC condition and seven youths in the control condition engaged in suicidal behavior between baseline and follow‐up. Although LC effect sizes are consistent with those from previous studies of community mentorship, there were multiple challenges to LC implementation that affected dosage and intervention fidelity, and that may account for the lack of stronger positive effects.
Multicystic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix compared with benign multicystic lesions: Multiparametric MR features
Authors: Song Jiacheng , Hu Qiming , Huang Junwen , Ma Zhanlong , Chen Ting 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundMulticystic mucinous adenocarcinoma is rarely recognized and has a high misdiagnosis rate.PurposeTo distinguish malignant multicystic mucinous adenocarcinomas from benign multicystic lesions in the uterine cervix using multiparametric MR.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationForty patients with seven cystic mucinous adenocarcinomas and 33 benign multicystic lesions.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T. Diffusion‐weighted images (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) images.AssessmentLesion size, intracystic hemorrhage, solid component, and heterogeneous enhancement were subjectively assessed, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, Ktrans, Kep, and Ve parameters were compared.Statistical AnalysisStudent's t‐test was used to compare age, tumor size, ADC values, and DCE parameters. Pearson's chi‐square test was used to compare intracystic hemorrhage, solid component, and heterogeneous enhancement. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) analysis of ADC values, tumor size, and Ktrans were performed.ResultsThe size of mucinous adenocarcinomas was larger than benign multicystic lesions (4.09 ± 2.09 vs. 2.23 ± 0.58 cm, P < 0.001); the area under the curve (AUC) for tumor size was 0.859 with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 90.9%. Stromal ADC value was lower for mucinous adenocarcinomas (1.19 ± 0.22 vs. 1.68 ± 0.22 × 10−3 mm2/s, P < 0.001); AUC for stromal ADC value was 0.970, with a sensitivity of 86.4% and specificity of 100.0%. Among quantitative DCE parameters, only ktrans offered a discriminative value (1.72 ± 1.42 vs. 0.69 ± 0.30 min−1, P = 0.031); the AUC for ktrans was 0.831 with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 97.0%. Intracystic hemorrhage (3/7), solid component (5/7), and heterogeneous enhancement (4/7) were only found in mucinous adenocarcinomas. Five patients (71.4%) had lymphovascular space invasion and three (42.9%) had lymph node metastasis. The 1‐year tumor recurrence or metastasis rate was 28.5% (2/7).Data ConclusionAwareness of multiparametric MR features can assist in the differentiation of mucinous adenocarcinomas from benign multicystic lesions.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1336–1343.
The Role of Solvation in the Kinetics and the Mechanism of Hydroperoxide Radicals Addition to π‐Bonds of 1,2‐Diphenylethylene and 1,4‐Diphenylbutadiene‐1,3
Authors: Pliss E. , Machtin V. , Soloviev M. , Grobov A. , Pliss R. , Sirik A. , Rusakov A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTA combination of microcalorimetry, the rotating sector method, and ESR at 323 K in the environment of 10 solvents of different polarities was used to measure rate constants of addition of hydroperoxide radicals () to π bonds of trans‐1,2‐diphenylethylene and trans,trans‐1,4‐diphenylbutadiene‐1,3 (k2) and disproportionation rate constants of these radicals (k3). With increasing dielectric constant of the medium, k2 values increase from 69 to 410 M−1 · s−1, and k3 values almost do not change and are in the range of (1.0 ± 0.2) × 108 M−1 · s−1. A linear dependence of logarithm values of rate constants from the dielectric constant of the medium in the coordinates of the Kirkwood–Onsager equation was found that allows to make a conclusion about the effect of nonspecific solvation in the studied systems. The quantum‐chemical analysis (NWChem, DFT B3LYP/6‐311G**) of the detailed mechanism for addition shows that the influence of the medium polarity reflects the superposition of the effects of nonspecific and specific solvation. The scale of the polar effect will depend on how different solvation energies of the transition and the initial reaction complexes. If a value of the solvation energy of the transition complex is larger than the solvation energy of the initial reaction complex, then the reaction rate should increase with an increase of the solvent's polarity and decrease otherwise.
Kinetics and Products of the Reactions of F2 with Br‐Atom and Br2
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri , Romanias Manolis N. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTReactions of F2 molecules exhibit unusual features, manifesting in high reactivity of F2 with respect to some closed‐shell molecules and low reactivity toward chemically active species, such as halogen and oxygen atoms. The existing data base on the reactions of F2 being rather sparse, kinetic and mechanistic studies (preferably over a wide temperature range) are needed to better understand the nature of the specific reactivity of fluorine molecule. In the present work, reactions of F2 with Br atoms and Br2 have been studied for the first time in an extended temperature range using a discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization mass spectrometer. The rate constant of the reaction F2 + Br → F +BrF (1) was determined either from kinetics of the reaction product, BrF, formation or from the kinetics of Br consumption in excess of F2: k1 = (4.66 ± 0.93) × 10−11 exp(−(4584 ± 86)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 300–940 K. The rate constant of the reaction F2 + Br2 → products (2), k2 = (9.23 ± 2.68) × 10−11 exp(−(8373 ± 194)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1, was determined in the temperature range 500–958 K by monitoring both reaction product (FBr) formation and F2 consumption kinetics in excess of Br2. The results of the experimental measurements of the yield of FBr (1.02 ± 0.07 at T = 960 K) combined with thermochemical calculations indicate that F+Br2F forming channel of reaction (2) is probably the dominant one, at least, at highest temperature of the study.
Engineering approaches to multiaxial and non‐proportional fatigue of notched components
Authors: Riess C. , Hiese W. , Obermayr M. , Vormwald M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMany components in engineering applications are subjected to multiple and uncorrelated loads during service‐life. Thus, multiaxial stress states with rotating principal axis may occur. For this special case of multiaxial and non‐proportional stresses the results of many fatigue assessment methods which are used in the industrial practice are of poor quality. Fatigue lifetimes of shoulder shafts (quenched and tempered steel) are estimated on the basis of the extended short crack model in combination with a multiaxial notch approximation. This approach shows a high accuracy but the precise modelling of non‐proportional hardening effects requires a complex plasticity model. Therefore, a simplified approach for considering non‐proportional hardening is introduced. Thus, the calculation method gets applicable in the engineering practice. Results are compared to well‐established engineering approaches. Furthermore, new component tests on die‐cast housings with two load channels under constant and variable amplitude loading are presented and discussed. The loads are applied in‐phase (proportional) as well as out‐of‐phase, which results in a high non‐proportional stress path at the crack initiation site. The effects of multiaxial and non‐proportional stress states seem to play a minor role in the fatigue assessment of die‐cast housings.
Fatigue life assessment of uni‐ and multidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics with regard to stiffness degradation
Authors: Rösch P. , Bruder T. , Wagner P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon fibre reinforced plastics are widely used in the automotive industry. In this paper a short introduction into the theoretical damage mechanisms and fatigue assessment approaches applicable for carbon fibre reinforced plastics is provided. The fatigue behaviour of uni‐ and multi‐directional carbon fibre laminates is shown for various laminate orientations and layups under axial loading. In addition to constant amplitude loading, experimental results using multiple staged block loading are presented. Online stiffness measurement during fatigue life is conducted. Supplementary investigations using in‐situ X‐ray and local strain measurements give further insight in the damage mechanisms. Furthermore a phenomenological residual stiffness approach is presented in order to describe the fatigue behaviour of the carbon fibre reinforced plastic tested in this project. Numerical evaluations are performed using Siemens Virtual.Lab Durability software and its composite fatigue solver. The computed stiffness degradation curves and corresponding fatigue life results are compared to the obtained test data under constant amplitude (SN curve and stiffness degradation) as well as multiple staged block loading.
Deriving fatigue equivalent power spectral density spectra for the vibration testing of engine components
Authors: Decker M. , Kinscherf S. , Bauer N. , David P. , Serifsoy M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVibration testing for the proof of structural durabilty often is performed on the basis of power spectral density spectra. At present, there are large uncertainties concerning the derivation of appropriate spectra for fatigue testing. Especially for non‐periodic, non‐stationary excitations, the commonly used procedures based on the fast Fourier transformation usually yield inaccurate results. Additional problems arise if the analyzed signals do not follow a Gaussian amplitude distribution, which is a prerequisite for describing a time history as a random process with a power spectral density. To overcome these problems, the FatiResponse method for deriving fatigue equivalent power spectral density spectra was developed and is presented here. It takes into account both the possible dynamic and fatigue responses of virtual structures. Shock response and fatigue response spectra are used to describe the impact of an arbitrary signal on virtual structures having virtual critically loaded locations. From these, test spectra are derived that yield the same shock and fatigue responses as the measured vibrations. The method is explained and demonstrated using vibration data of a passenger car engine consisting of harmonic and stochastic excitations. The procedure is validated using a dummy structure and compared to commonly used procedures.
A Case of McLeod Syndrome with A Novel XK Missense Mutation
Authors: Komiya Hiroyasu , Takasu Mutsuki , Hashiguchi Shunta , Uematsu Eri , Fukai Ryoko , Tanaka Kenichi , Tada Mikiko , Joki Hideto , Takahashi Tatsuya , Koyano Shigeru , Doi Hiroshi , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Tanaka Fumiaki 
Published: April 2018

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Das Fusionskarussell dreht sich weiter
Authors: Kofler Florian , Schneider Bernd 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOb die Gespräche zwischen Akzonobel und Axalta wieder beginnen, ob Linde und Praxair desinvestieren oder ob es um den gescheiterten Zusammenschluss von Clariant und Huntsman geht, – Transaktionen im Chemiemarkt bleiben spannend, und Kaufinteressen aus China nehmen weiter zu.
Bleistift, Sägespäne und Harz
Authors: Büttner Andrea , Schreiner Linda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOb beim Spaziergang im Wald oder beim Kauf neuer Möbel: Der Geruch von Holz begegnet Menschen täglich. Er gilt als typisch und generell als angenehm. Welche Substanzen den natürlichen Holzgeruch verursachen, ist nicht leicht herauszufinden, da Holz so viele geruchsaktive wie geruchlose Stoffe enthält.
13. Iminiumsalztagung in Goslar
Authors: Jakobi Dörthe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMitte September 2017 fand die 13. Iminiumsalztagung (Imsat‐13) im Tagungshotel Achterrmann in Goslar statt. Bei der viertägigen Veranstaltung hoben 60 Teilnehmer aus Hochschule und Industrie in 29 Vorträgen und 18 Postern hervor, welche Bedeutung Iminiumsalze für die organische Synthese, Materialforschung, Katalyse sowie Biochemie und Medizin haben.
Preprints in der Chemie
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Rau Cornelia , Tesch Silke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhysiker und Mathematiker publizieren ihre Manuskripte häufig als Preprint, bevor diese in wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften erscheinen. Für Chemiker ist diese Vorgehensweise eher ungewöhnlich; doch seit letztem Jahr gibt es zwei Preprintserver für chemische Literatur.
Regionales Fonds‐Stipendiatentreffen in Berlin
Authors: Fuchs Julien , Richter Sven 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnde November 2017 trafen sich die regionalen Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) an der Technischen Universität Berlin. Organisiert hatten die Veranstaltung Martin Oestreich und sein Arbeitskreis. 14 der 18 Nachwuchswissenschaftler, die durch ein Liebig‐, Kekulé‐ oder Doktorandenstipendium des FCI gefördert werden, gaben in ihren Vorträgen Einblicke in Synthesechemie, Materialchemie und Spektroskopie.
Sensitivity of Exploitation Estimates to Tag Loss Estimation Methods in Idaho Sport Fisheries
Authors: McCormick Joshua L. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of exploitation estimates to tag loss estimation methods for six species of sport fish in Idaho. A discrete tag loss model and four instantaneous tag loss models were evaluated using both empirical data and a simulation approach. Empirical exploitation estimates were similar for most species when using the discrete model and all four forms of instantaneous tag loss model. Maximum differences among estimators were less than 2% for five species; however, exploitation estimates differed by as much as 17% for Walleyes Sander vitreus depending on the choice of the tag loss model. The discrete estimator of tag loss, which was computationally much easier to implement than the instantaneous models, resulted in exploitation estimates that were similar to or more accurate than the instantaneous models in the simulation. Exploitation in the simulation was underestimated by more than 1% at a minimum and by greater than 14% at maximum when tag loss was not accounted for. These results suggest that regardless of the choice of tag loss estimator, an attempt should be made to account for tag loss even for species that are expected to have a relatively short average time at liberty and relatively low tag loss over the duration of a study.
Influence of Landing Net Mesh Type on Handling Time and Tissue Damage of Angled Brook Trout
Authors: Lizée Teah W. , Lennox Robert J. , Ward Taylor D. , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Chapman Jacqueline M. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Nowell Liane B. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Recreational catch-and-release angling is a popular activity. Anglers often use landing nets to shorten fight times, reduce stress on the line and rod, restrict fish movement to facilitate dehooking of the fish, and protect fish from undue harm caused by handling or dropping. Landing nets are constructed using a variety of netting materials that could have varied consequences when coming in contact with fish. Salmonids are among the most targeted fishes in the world, but little is known about how landing nets contribute to postcapture tissue damage. We compared handling time and instances of fin fraying, scale loss, and mucus loss sustained by Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis landed by four net mesh types (i.e., large, knotless rubber mesh; knotless nylon micromesh; large, knotted polypropylene mesh; and small, knotless rubber-coated nylon mesh) or by using bare wet hands in a recreational fishery. The knotted polypropylene mesh resulted in the greatest extent of fin fraying, whereas the bare wet hands method, knotless nylon micromesh, and rubber-coated nylon mesh resulted in the most scale loss. Interestingly, extended handling times were noted for several mesh types (i.e., knotless nylon micromesh and rubber-coated nylon mesh) relative to bare wet hands because of hook entanglement in the netting material. However, using bare wet hands to land Brook Trout resulted in higher odds of the fish being dropped into the bottom of the boat. We concluded that the large, knotless rubber mesh was the least damaging to Brook Trout. Changes to angler practices, such as using appropriate landing tools, can benefit fish welfare in catch-and-release fisheries.
Free‐Living Responses in Energy Balance to Short‐Term Overfeeding in Adults Differing in Propensity for Obesity
Authors: Creasy Seth A. , Rynders Corey A. , Bergouignan Audrey , Kealey Elizabeth H. , Bessesen Daniel H. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveFree‐living adaptive responses to short‐term overfeeding (OF) were explored as predictors of longitudinal weight change in adults classified as having obesity resistance (OR) or obesity proneness (OP) based on self‐identification and personal/family weight history.MethodsAdults identified as OP (n = 21; BMI: 23.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2) and OR (n = 20; BMI: 20.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2) completed 3 days of eucaloric feeding (EU; 100% of energy needs) and 3 days of OF (140% of energy needs). Following each condition, adaptive responses in physical activity (PA), total daily energy expenditure, ad libitum energy intake, and energy balance were objectively measured for 3 days in a free‐living environment. Body mass and composition were measured annually by using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry for 5 years. Adaptive responses to OF were correlated with 5‐year changes in body mass and composition.ResultsIncreases in sedentary time correlated with longitudinally measured changes in fat mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.04) in the cohort taken as a whole. Those with OP reduced their levels of PA following OF, whereas those with OR maintained or increased their PA. No other variables were found to correlate with weight gain.ConclusionsFailure to decrease sedentary behavior following short‐term OF is one mechanism that may be contributing to fat mass gain.
Direct Detection of the Ion Pair to Free Ions Transformation upon Complexation with an Ion Receptor in Non‐Polar Solvents by using Conductometry
Authors: Iseda Kazuya , Kokado Kenta , Sada Kazuki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, we performed conductometry in various organic solvents to directly detect the transformation from tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl) ion‐pair salt to the free ions through complexation with meso‐octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (CP), which is a well‐known receptor for chloride anions. In the presence of CP, the conductivity of TBACl increases in various non‐polar solvents, indicating that complexation with CP enhances the ionic dissociation of TBACl in such non‐polar solvents. In other words, CP recognizes chloride as an ion‐paired salt as well as a free anion in non‐polar solvents. Additionally, the TBA(CP–Cl) complex exhibited a considerably lower ion‐pairing constant (Kip) than TBACl in non‐polar solvents, resulting in enhanced conductivity. Based on these findings, we can conclude that complexation of an anion with a hydrophobic anion receptor will be useful for creating functional and stimuli‐responsive soft materials in organic solvents using coulombic forces.