bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoids reduce chemotherapeutic effectiveness on OSCC cells via glucose‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Celentano Antonio , McCullough Michael , Cirillo Nicola 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSynthetic corticosteroids are routinely administered during the treatment of several diseases, including malignancies. However, recent evidence suggests that corticosteroids may have tumor‐promoting effects, particularly in epithelial neoplasms. Our aim was to assess the role of the recently characterized cancer‐associated glucocorticoid (GC) system in the resistance to chemotherapy of oral malignant keratinocytes. Human malignant oral keratinocyte cell lines H314/H357/H400/BICR16/BICR56 were tested with: two chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin (DOXO) and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), as well as hydrocortisone (HC), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 5‐pregnen‐3‐beta‐ol‐20‐one‐16‐alfa‐carbonitrile (PCN), and two glucose uptake inhibitors, Fasentin and WZB. Both DOXO and 5‐FU induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. HC administration (100 nM) reduced the effectiveness of both chemotherapeutic agents to a variable extent in all 5 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. ACTH also reduced the effectiveness of DOXO on 2 cell lines tested (H357 and BICR56). The glucose uptake inhibitors Fasentin and WZB were able to partially block the increased resistance to the cytotoxic drugs induced by HC. In summary, we have demonstrated, for the first time, the importance of cortisol on oral cancer cells ability to proliferate and combat the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. This effect appears to be glucose dependent.
Positive feedback loop of lncRNA LINC01296/miR‐598/Twist1 promotes non‐small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Xu Lijuan , Wei Bin , Hui Hongxia , Sun Yuan , Liu Yangqing , Yu Xiaojuan , Dai Jian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEmerging evidence has illustrated the vital roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human cancers. However, the role of lncRNAs in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still elusive and poorly understood. In the current study, our team conducted extensive experiments to identify the role of long intergenic nonprotein coding (LINC01296) on NSCLC tumorigenesis. The results illustrated that the elevated LINC01296 expression in NSCLC tissue specimens and cell lines were closely correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Functional studies revealed that LINC01296 knockdown silenced by small interfering RNAs inhibited proliferation, accelerated apoptosis in vitro, and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Mechanical studies showed that INC01296 harbored miR‐598, acting as a microRNA “sponge.” Besides, miR‐598 targeted the 3′‐UTR of Twist1. Interestingly, transcription factor Twist1 could bind with the promoter of INC01296 and activate its transcriptional level. In summary, we conclude that INC01296/miR‐598/Twist1 constitutes a positive feedback loop to promote the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, providing a novel insight and a valuable therapeutic strategy.
Exercise rescues the immune response fine‐tuned impaired by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors γ deletion in macrophages
Authors: Silveira Loreana Sanches , Batatinha Helena Angélica Pereira , Castoldi Angela , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Festuccia Willian T. , Souza Camila Oliveira , Rosa Neto José Cesar , Lira Fábio Santos 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundExercise is a powerful tool for prevention and treatment of many conditions related to the cardiovascular system and also chronic low‐grade inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors γ (PPARγ) exerts an import role on the regulation of metabolic profile and subsequent inflammatory response, especially in macrophages.PurposeTo investigate the effects of 8‐week moderate‐exercise training on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice with PPARγ deficiency in myeloid cells.MethodsTwelve‐week old mice bearing PPARγ deletion exclusively in myeloid cells (PPARγlox/lox Lys Cre
−/+, knockout [KO]) and littermate controls (PPARγlox/lox Lys Cre
−/−, wild type [WT]) were submitted to 8‐week exercise training (treadmill running at moderate intensity, 5 days/week). Animals were evaluated for food intake, glucose homeostasis, serum metabolites, adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophage inflammation, and basal and stimulated cytokine secretion.ResultsExercise protocol did not improve glucose metabolism or adiponectin concentrations in serum of KO mice. Moreover, the absence of PPARγ in macrophages exacerbated the proinflammatory profile in sedentary mice. Peritoneal cultured cells had higher tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) secretion in nonstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated conditions and higher Toll‐4 receptor (TLR4) gene expression under LPS stimulus. Trained mice showed reduced TNF‐α content in adipose tissue independently of the genotype. M2 polarization ability was impaired in KO peritoneal macrophages after exercise training, while adipose tissue‐associated macrophages did not present any effect by PPARγ ablation.ConclusionOverall, PPARγ seems necessary to maintain macrophages appropriate response to inflammatory stimulus and macrophage polarization, affecting also whole body lipid metabolism and adiponectin profile. Exercise training showed as an efficient mechanism to restore the immune response impaired by PPARγ deletion in macrophages.
In vivo microscopic and optical coherence tomography classification of neurotrophic keratopathy
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , Nubile Mario , Lanzini Manuela , Calienno Roberta , Dua Harminder S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a rare degenerative corneal disorder characterized by instability of epithelial integrity with consequent epithelial defects that can worsen up to persistent epithelial defects with stromal melting and ulceration. The pathogenesis of NK springs from a variable degree of damage to the trigeminal nerve plexus, leading to a reduction or total loss of corneal sensitivity. Mackie classification (1995) distinguishes three stages of NK, based on the severity of clinical presentation. The technological innovations in corneal diagnostic imaging allow clinicians to accurately study the morphometry and morphology of corneal structure with microscopic resolution. In this study, 45 patients affected by NK at different stages underwent in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) with particular attention to analyze subbasal nerve plexus fibers and the stromal structure. At the light of IVCM and AS‐OCT observations, we propose a different staging of NK with respect to the Mackie's classification that takes into account the severity of subbasal nerve fibers damage and the extension in depth of stromal ulceration; this classification better defines, at the time of diagnosis, the cellular and structural alterations in the affected corneas, with possible prognostic and therapeutic values in the management of NK.
Upregulation of lncRNA DGCR5 correlates with better prognosis and inhibits bladder cancer progression via transcriptionally facilitating P21 expression
Authors: Fang Chen , He Wei , Xu Tianyuan , Dai Jun , Xu Le , Sun Fukang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMounting studies show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) could affect human cancer progression, including bladder cancer (BCa). LncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) has been proven to be involved in lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of DGCR5 in BCa remains largely unknown. Here, we found that DGCR5 expression was significantly downregulated in BCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Higher expression of DGCR5 predicted higher survival rate in BCa patients. Functional experiments indicated that DGCR5 overexpression markedly inhibited that proliferation, colony formation, and cell‐cycle progression in BCa cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of DGCR5 led to decreased BCa cell migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition while promoting apoptosis. In vivo xenograft assay also illustrated that DGCR5 overexpression inhibited BCa growth. In the mechanism, we found that DGCR5 interacted with AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a chromatin remodeling protein, to promote P21 transcription. Knockdown of P21 could significantly rescue the suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of BCa cells by DGCR5 overexpression. In summary, our study demonstrated that DGCR5 transcriptionally promotes P21 expression to suppress BCa progression.
Curcumin: A naturally occurring autophagy modulator
Authors: Shakeri Abolfazl , Cicero Arrigo F. G. , Panahi Yunes , Mohajeri Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAutophagy is a self‐degradative process that plays a pivotal role in several medical conditions associated with infection, cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and metabolic disorders. Its interplay with cancer development and treatment resistance is complicated and paramount for drug design since an autophagic response can lead to tumor suppression by enhancing cellular integrity and tumorigenesis by improving tumor cell survival. In addition, autophagy denotes the cellular ability of adapting to stress though it may end up in apoptosis activation when cells are exposed to a very powerful stress. Induction of autophagy is a therapeutic option in cancer and many anticancer drugs have been developed to this aim. Curcumin as a hydrophobic polyphenol compound extracted from the known spice turmeric has different pharmacological effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. Many reports exist reporting that curcumin is capable of triggering autophagy in several cancer cells. In this review, we will focus on how curcumin can target autophagy in different cellular settings that may extend our understanding of new pharmacological agents to overcome relevant diseases.
Are the kind of medications and patient's background associated with improving polypharmacy in elderly?
Authors: Tomita Shiori , Kobayashi Daiki , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Arioka Hiroko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPolypharmacy is associated with negative outcomes in older population. Managing polypharmacy is important but there is no definite method for regulating it. Our aim was to evaluate what medications and patient's background are associated with reducing polypharmacy.MethodsA prospective, single‐center, cohort study was conducted from June to October in 2016. Participants were 65 and older hospitalized patients. We evaluated the difference between the numbers of medications used at the time of admission and discharge for individual drug class. Univariate analyses using paired t tests were applied to evaluate reduction in prescription medications, and logistic regression was used to evaluate factors for any reduction of prescription medications used at discharge.ResultsThere were 494 subjects, and the mean of age was 79.6 ± 7.8 years. The mean number of medications used at admission was 6.9 ± 4.7 and that at discharge was 6.8 ± 4.3. The types of medications that reduced between admission and discharge were drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders and agents acting on the renin‐angiotensin system, etc. Individual components that were strongly associated with a reduction of the number of medications used were only length of hospital stay (OR 0.99, 95% CI, 0.99‐1.0), while the number of medications on admission was related to increasing medication during hospitalization (OR 1.05, 95% CI, 1.01‐1.06).ConclusionsMost of the kinds and the number of medications prescribed might not be changed during hospitalization despite those were probably the causes of admission. The factor associated with improvements in polypharmacy was length of hospital stay.
Analysis of MRI Values and Hemoglobin and Total Protein Concentrations of Cystic Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Tanaka Yoshikazu , Nakai Go , Yamamura Kenichiro , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Narumi Yoshifumi , Ohmichi Masahide 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEndometrioma generally shows higher intracystic signal intensity (SI) than mucinous cystadenoma (MCA) on T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI). Nonendometrioma‐associated malignant ovarian epithelial tumors (nonendometrioma group) often show higher intracystic SI than benign tumors on T1WI, while the converse is true for endometrioma and endometrioma‐associated malignant tumors (endometrioma group). However, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between hemorrhagic and mucinous content based on SI on T1WI. Hemoglobin (Hb) and protein are both speculated to shorten T1.PurposeTo examine MRI values and Hb and total protein (TP) concentrations in ovarian tumors.Study TypeProspective.SpecimenIn all, 182 samples from 167 cystic ovarian tumors.Field Strength1.5T, spin‐echo T1WI, fast spin‐echo T2WI.AssessmentThe in vivo intracystic/psoas major muscle SI ratios were determined as references for intracystic SI. T1 and T2 values, cystic content inversion times (TIs), and Hb and TP concentrations were determined to evaluate differences between 1) endometrioma and MCA; 2) benign, borderline, and malignant tumors in the nonendometrioma group; and 3) those in the endometrioma group.Statistical TestsWilcoxon's rank‐sum test, Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsIn endometriomas (n = 43) and MCAs (n = 27), mean T1 and T2 (TP, Hb concentrations) were 428 and 162 msec (52.7, 12.00 g/dl) and 1639 and 600 msec (7.1, 0.06 g/dl), respectively (all, P < 0.0001). In the nonendometrioma group (epithelial benign, n = 56; borderline, n = 20; malignant, n = 25), these values were 1657 and 696 msec (6.4, 0.35 g/dl), 1235 and 400 msec (13.5, 0.83 g/dl), and 1184 and 311 msec (19.7, 0.84 g/dl), respectively (all, P < 0.0001). In the endometrioma group (endometrioma, n = 43; borderline, n = 3; malignant, n = 8), these values were 428 and 162 msec (52.7, 12.00 g/dl), 427 and 108 msec (16.6, 3.07 g/dl), and 1010 and 268 msec (24.2, 1.56 g/dl), respectively (all, P < 0.05).Data ConclusionTP and Hb concentrations were higher in the contents of endometriomas than MCAs, leading to lower T1 and T2 values. In the nonendometrioma group, TP and Hb concentrations were higher in the cystic contents of borderline and malignant tumors than benign tumors, leading to lower T1 and T2 values. Conversely, the cystic contents of borderline and malignant tumors in the endometrioma group showed lower TP and Hb concentrations compared to endometriomas, leading to higher T1 and T2 values.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1133–1140.
Neuroprotective effects of SMTP‐44D in mice stroke model in relation to neurovascular unit and trophic coupling
Authors: Shi Xiaowen , Ohta Yasuyuki , Shang Jingwei , Morihara Ryuta , Nakano Yumiko , Fukui Yusuke , Liu Xia , Feng Tian , Huang Yong , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Yamashita Toru , Suzuki Eriko , Hasumi Keiji , Abe Koji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP)‐44D has both anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities, but its efficacy has not been proved in relation to the pathological changes of neurovascular unit (NVU) and neurovascular trophic coupling (NVTC) in ischemic stroke. Here, the present study was designed to assess the efficacies of SMTP‐44D, moreover, compared with the standard neuroprotective reagent edaravone in ischemic brains. ICR mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 60 min, SMTP‐44D (10 mg/kg) or edaravone (3 mg/kg) was intravenously administrated through subclavian vein just after the reperfusion, and these mice were examined at 1, 3, and 7 d after reperfusion. Compared with the vehicle group, SMTP‐44D treatment revealed obvious ameliorations in clinical scores and infarct volume, meanwhile, markedly suppressed the accumulations of 4‐HNE, 8‐OHdG, nitrotyrosine, RAGE, TNF‐α, Iba‐1, and cleaved caspase‐3 after tMCAO. In addition, SMTP‐44D significantly prevented the dissociation of NVU and improved the intensity of NAGO/BDNF and the number of BDNF/TrkB and BDNF/NeuN double positive cells. These effects of SMTP‐44D in reducing oxidative and inflammatory stresses were similar to or stronger than those of edaravone. The present study demonstrated that SMTP‐44D showed strong anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects, moreover, the drug also significantly improved the NVU damage and NVTC in the ischemic brain.
Tenascin‐C in brain injuries and edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Findings from basic and clinical studies
Authors: Suzuki Hidenori , Fujimoto Masashi , Kawakita Fumihiro , Liu Lei , Nakatsuka Yoshinari , Nakano Fumi , Nishikawa Hirofumi , Okada Takeshi , Kanamaru Hideki , Imanaka‐Yoshida Kyoko , Yoshida Toshimichi , Shiba Masato 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by a rupture of cerebral aneurysms remains the most devastating cerebrovascular disease. Early brain injury (EBI) is increasingly recognized to be the primary determinant for poor outcomes, and also considered to cause delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after SAH. Both clinical and experimental literatures emphasize the impact of global cerebral edema in EBI as negative prognostic and direct pathological factors. The nature of the global cerebral edema is a mixture of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, both of which may be caused by post‐SAH induction of tenascin‐C (TNC) that is an inducible, non‐structural, secreted and multifunctional matricellular protein. Experimental SAH induces TNC in brain parenchyma in rats and mice. TNC knockout suppressed EBI in terms of brain edema, blood‐brain barrier disruption, neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation, associated with the inhibition of post‐SAH activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐kappa B in mice. In a clinical setting, more severe SAH increases more TNC in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood, which could be a surrogate marker of EBI and predict DCI development and outcomes. In addition, cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III that is a clinically available anti‐platelet agent and is known to suppress TNC induction, dose‐dependently inhibited delayed cerebral infarction and improved outcomes in a pilot clinical study. Thus, further studies may facilitate application of TNC as biomarkers for non‐invasive diagnosis or assessment of EBI and DCI, and lead to development of a molecular target drug against TNC, contributing to the improvement of post‐SAH outcomes.
Antibody adsorption in protein‐A affinity chromatography – in situ measurement of nanoscale structure by small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Plewka Jacek , Silva Gonçalo L. , Tscheließnig Rupert , Rennhofer Harald , Dias‐Cabral Cristina , Jungbauer Alois , Lichtenegger Helga C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProtein‐A chromatography is the most widely used chromatography step in downstream processing of antibodies. A deeper understanding of the influence of the surface topology on a molecular/nanoscale level on adsorption is essential for further improvement. It is not clear if the binding is homogenous throughout the entire bead network. We followed the protein absorption process and observed the formation of a protein layer on fibers of chromatography resin in a time‐resolved manner in nanoscale. To characterize the changes in the antibody‐protein‐A ligand complex, small angle X‐ray scattering was employed using a miniaturized X‐ray‐transparent chromatography column packed with a MabSelect SuRe resin. Antibody‐free MabSelect SuRe resin fiber had an average radius of 12 nm and the protein layer thickness resulting from antibody adsorption was 5.5 and 10.4 nm for fiber and junctions, respectively under applied native conditions. We hypothesize that an average of 1.2 antibodies were adsorbed per protein‐A ligand tetramer bound to the outermost units. In contrast to previous studies, it was therefore possible for the first time to directly correlate the nanostructure changes inside the column, which is otherwise a black box, with the adsorption and elution process.
Polymerization of 3‐cyanopropyl (triethoxy) silane: A kinetic study using gas chromatography
Authors: Issa Ahmed A. , Elazazy Marwa S. , Luyt Adriaan S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGas chromatography (GC) was used to study the kinetics of the 3‐cyanopropyl triethoxysilane (CTES) polymerization. The reaction is a consecutive complex reaction that depends mainly on the kinetics of the first hydrolyzed leaving group. The activation energy of CTES hydrolysis is 20 and 58 kJ mol−1 in alkaline and acidic media, respectively. The activation energy of ethanol production ranged from 22 to 55 kJ mol−1 according to the catalyst type and concentration. Generally, the reaction is an endothermic reaction in an acidic medium, whereas it is exothermic in an alkaline medium, depending on the catalyst concentration. Moreover, the reaction is spontaneous at high temperatures in an acidic medium. The rate constant is related to the catalyst concentration with empirical formulas depending on the Arrhenius equation. The rate constant increases non‐linearly (to the power 2) with the concentration of water in an acidic medium, whereas it behaves differently in an alkaline medium and depends on the initial concentrations of CTES and the catalyst.
Major forest increase on the Loess Plateau, China (2001–2016)
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Brandt Martin , Zhao Mingfei , Tong Xiaowei , Xing Kaixiong , Xue Feng , Kang Muyi , Wang Lanhui , Jiang Yuan , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Loess Plateau in China is prone to widespread land degradation (soil erosion, deforestation, and water loss), and therefore, ecological restoration programmes aiming to re‐establish the ecosystem by revegetation have been implemented during recent decades. Consequently, a widespread increase in vegetation cover has been reported, but the state and dynamics of forests remain largely unknown. Here, we used field and satellite data to produce annual forest probability scores at 250 × 250 m between 2001 and 2016. We classified the forest dynamics into three types: net gain, net loss, and fluctuation. Assuming that an increasing probability score reflects forest growth, we categorised the annual forest areas into different growing stages indicating the transition between planting and mature forest. In total, the area of forest increase was 48,786 km2, and the percentage of forested areas of the region changed from 8.19% to 15.82% within 16 years. In areas of forest net gain, there was a clear transition from low‐ to high‐probability forest areas, providing evidence that a general forest transition is occurring on the Loess Plateau. The method developed for continuous monitoring of forest probability scores offers a benchmarking for further decision making on ecological restoration of the region and for mapping of afforestation projects elsewhere. The findings on major forest increases demonstrate that land degradation is in fact reversible, with implications for many ecosystem services (e.g., carbon storage and provisioning of forest products).