bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA HOTAIR regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression and inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: Obaid Monira , Udden S. M. Nashir , Deb Paromita , Shihabeddin Nadine , Zaki Md. Hasan , Mandal Subhrangsu S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as major regulators of a variety of cell signaling processes. Many lncRNAs are expressed in immune cells and appear to play critical roles in the regulation of immune response. Here, we have investigated the potential role of a well-known lncRNA, HOTAIR, in inflammatory and immune response. Our studies demonstrate that HOTAIR expression is induced in immune cells (macrophages) upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Knockdown of HOTAIR reduces NF-κB-mediated inflammatory gene and cytokine expression in macrophages. Inhibition of NF-κB resulted in down-regulation of LPS-induced expression of HOTAIR as well as IL-6 and iNOS expression. We further demonstrated that HOTAIR regulates activation of NF-κB and its target genes (IL-6 and iNOS) expression via facilitating the degradation of IκBα. HOTAIR knockdown reduces the expression of NF-κB target gene expression via inhibiting the recruitment of NF-κB and associated cofactors at the target gene promoters. Taken together, our findings suggest that HOTAIR is a critical player in NF-κB activation in macrophages suggesting its potential functions in inflammatory and immune response.
Expression analysis of cellulose synthase-like genes in durum wheat
Authors: Marcotuli Ilaria , Colasuonno Pasqualina , Blanco Antonio , Gadaleta Agata 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCellulose synthase-like CslF and CslH genes have been implicated in the biosynthesis of β-glucans, a major cell wall constituents in grasses and cereals. The low β-glucan content of durum wheat and lack of information of the biosynthesis pathway make the expression analysis in different developmental stages of grain endosperm an interesting tool for the crop genetic improvement. Specific genome sequences of wheat CslF6 and CslH were isolated and the genomic sequence and structure were analysed in the cv. Svevo. In starchy endosperm at five developmental stages (6, 12, 21, 28 and 40 days after pollination) CslF6 and CslH transcripts were differentially expressed. A peak of CslF6 transcription occurred at 21 dap, while CslH was abundant at 28 dap. Significant variations were detected for both the genes in the genotypes. Significant and positive correlation were detected between β-glucan content and CslF6 gene expression at 21 dap and 40 dap, while no significant correlation was observed for CslH gene. On the overall, our correlation analysis reflected data from previous studies on other species highlighting how the abundance of transcripts encoding for CslF6 and CslH enzymes were not necessarily a good indicator of enzyme activity and/or β-glucan deposition in cell wall.
Experimental study on mandibular length and facial symmetry of low estrogen level and anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Jiao Zixian , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Xiaohu , Yang Chi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed at elucidating the changes of mandible symmetry in a rabbit model with low estrogen levels induced by ovariectomy (OVX) combined with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR). 32 growing rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 groups; OVX group, ADDWoR group, OVX+ ADDWoR group and control group. In OVX and OVX+ ADDWoR groups, bilateral OVX was performed and then the serum level of 17β-estradiol was evaluated every week. In ADDWoR group and OVX+ ADDWoR group, the right TMJ was surgically opened and the disc was displaced anteriorly and the left TMJ was also surgically opened and closed without any manipulation of the disc. All rabbits had CT scan before and at the end of the study and the mandible measurements were performed on the 3D-reconstructed model. The mandible in ADDWoR group was consistently shorter on the right side resulting in a midline shift to the ipsilateral side. While in OVX+ ADDWoR group, the mandibular length of the right side was more shorter than in ADDWoR group, moreover, mandibular deviation was therefore more severe. In OVX group, there was no difference regarding the length of mandible compared to the control group. There was no difference regarding the mandibular length between left and right sides in the control group.
The Sema3A receptor Plexin-A1 suppresses supernumerary axons through Rap1 GTPases
Authors: Wang Nannan , Dhumale Pratibha , Chiang Joanna , Püschel Andreas W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe highly conserved Rap1 GTPases perform essential functions during neuronal development. They are required for the polarity of neuronal progenitors and neurons as well as for neuronal migration in the embryonic brain. Neuronal polarization and axon formation depend on the precise temporal and spatial regulation of Rap1 activity by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPases-activating proteins (GAPs). Several Rap1 GEFs have been identified that direct the formation of axons during cortical and hippocampal development in vivo and in cultured neurons. However little is known about the GAPs that limit the activity of Rap1 GTPases during neuronal development. Here we investigate the function of Sema3A and Plexin-A1 as a regulator of Rap1 GTPases during the polarization of hippocampal neurons. Sema3A was shown to suppress axon formation when neurons are cultured on a patterned substrate. Plexin-A1 functions as the signal-transducing subunit of receptors for Sema3A and displays GAP activity for Rap1 GTPases. We show that Sema3A and Plexin-A1 suppress the formation of supernumerary axons in cultured neurons, which depends on Rap1 GTPases.
Bacterial and fungal gut communities of Agrilus mali at different developmental stages and fed different diets
Authors: Zhang Zhengqing , Jiao Shuo , Li Xiaohui , Li Menglou 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAgrilus mali (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to the Xinjiang wild fruit forest. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal intestinal microbial communities of A. mali during different developmental stages, including larvae, pupae and newly eclosed adults or fed different diets (leaves of Malus halliana and Malus pumila) using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that microbial alpha diversity first increased and then decreased during the developmental stages, with the most dominant bacteria and fungi exhibiting the dynamic patterns “Decrease”, “Increase” and “Fluctuation”. With respect to the different diets, the bacterial communities were similar between the newly eclosed adults and adults fed M. pumila leaves, while the structure of the fungal communities showed great differences between newly eclosed adults and adults fed different diets. Through a co-correlation network analysis, we observed complex microbial interactions among bacterial and fungal taxa that were associated with potential diverse functions and intricate biological processes in the intestinal microbiota of A. mali. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the invasive insect A. mali harbours diverse, dynamic, and presumably multifunctional microbial communities, an understanding of which could improve our ability to develop more effective management approaches to control A. mali.
SAC3D1: a novel prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Han Myoung-Eun , Kim Ji-Young , Kim Ga Hyun , Park Si Young , Kim Yun Hak , Oh Sae-Ock 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCentrosome-associated proteins are recognized as prognostic factors in many cancers because centrosomes are critical structures for the cell cycle progression and genomic stability. SAC3D1, however, is associated with centrosome abnormality, although its prognostic potential has not been evaluated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, 3 independent cohorts (GSE10186, n = 80; TCGA, n = 330 and ICGC, n = 237) were used to assess SAC3D1 as a biomarker, which demonstrated SAC3D1 overexpression in HCC tissues when compared to the matched normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed that its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of HCC with good discriminative ability in 3 independent cohorts (GSE10186, P = 0.00469; TCGA, P = 0.0000413 and ICGC, P = 0.0000114). Analysis of the C-indices and AUC values further supported its discriminative ability. Finally, multivariate analysis confirmed its prognostic significance (GSE10186, P = 0.00695; TCGA, P = 0.0000289 and ICGC, P = 0.0000651). These results suggest a potential of SAC3D1 as a biomarker for HCC.
Eclipsing spotted giant star with K2 and historical photometry
Authors: Oláh K. , Rappaport S. , Borkovits T. , Jacobs T. , Latham D. , Bieryla A. , Bíró I. B. , Bartus J. , Kővári Zs. , Vida K. , Vanderburg A. , LaCourse D. , Csányi I. , Bakos G. Á. , Bhatti W. , Csubry Z. , Hartman J. , Omohundro M. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Stars can maintain their observable magnetic activity from the pre-main sequence (PMS) to the tip of the red giant branch. However, the number of known active giants is much lower than active stars on the main sequence (MS) since the stars spend only about 10% of their MS lifetime on the giant branch. Due to their rapid evolution it is difficult to estimate the stellar parameters of giant stars. A possibility for obtaining more reliable stellar parameters for an active giant arises when it is a member of an eclipsing binary system.
Aims. We have discovered EPIC 211759736, an active spotted giant star in an eclipsing binary system during the Kepler K2 Campaign 5. The eclipsing nature allows us to much better constrain the stellar parameters than in most cases of active giant stars.
Methods. We have combined the K2 data with archival HATNet, ASAS, and DASCH photometry, new spectroscopic radial velocity measurements, and a set of follow-up ground-based BVRCIC photometric observations, to find the binary system parameters as well as robust spot models for the giant at two different epochs.
Results. We determined the physical parameters of both stellar components and provide a description of the rotational and long-term activity of the primary component. The temperatures and luminosities of both components were examined in the context of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. We find that both the primary and the secondary components deviate from the evolutionary tracks corresponding to their masses in the sense that the stars appear in the diagram at lower masses than their true masses.
Conclusions. We further evaluate the proposition that traditional methods generally result in higher masses for active giants than what is indicated by stellar evolution tracks in the HR diagram. A possible reason for this discrepancy could be a strong magnetic field, since we see greater differences in more active stars.
Zuckergesüßte Getränke und Lebensmittel aus Sicht der Public Health Nutrition
Authors: Buyken Anette 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungBemühungen zur Reduktion des Konsums von zuckergesüßten Getränken und Lebensmitteln fokussieren in Deutschland bislang wesentlich auf eine verbesserte Ernährungsbildung. Aus Sicht der Public Health Nutrition stehen jedoch eine ganze Reihe weiterer Maßnahmen zur Verfügung, die international bereits zur Anwendung kommen.So versetzt eine verbesserte Lebensmittelkennzeichnung von zuckergesüßten Fertigprodukten in Form von interpretativen Visualisierungen (z. B. als Ampel oder Logo) auf der Vorderseite der Verpackung VerbraucherInnen in die Lage, zwischen Alternativen zu entscheiden. Eine Reihe weiterer Maßnahmen setzt bei der Lenkung der Wahl („Nudging“) an: Diese reichen von der Änderung des Standards durch die freiwillige oder verbindliche Reformulierung von Produkten über die gezielte Einschränkung des von der Industrie bzw. dem Einzelhandel praktizierten Nudgings (Werbung, Marketing, Produktplatzierung etc.) bis hin zur Einführung einer Steuer bzw. Abgabe auf zuckergesüßte Getränke oder adipogene Lebensmittel. Als direkt wahleinschränkende Maßnahme wird schließlich noch der gezielte Verzicht auf zuckergesüßte Getränke in spezifischen Settings, z. B. in Kindertagesstätten (Kitas) und Schulen diskutiert, wie dies auch in den Standards der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) gefordert wird.Derzeit finden Public-Health-Maßnahmen zur Reduktion des Konsums von zuckergesüßten Lebensmitteln oder Getränken in Deutschland keine Anwendung. Der Koalitionsvertrag fasst nun erstmalig eine Reihe von Maßnahmen konkret ins Auge (verbesserte Lebensmittelkennzeichnung, Reformulierungsstrategie, flächendeckende Einführung der DGE-Standards), deren Umsetzung einer kritischen Unterstützung durch die Gesellschaft bedarf.
Nationale Strategien der Reduktion von Zucker, Fett und Salz in Lebensmitteln
Authors: Garlichs Dietrich 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungTrotz aller Bemühungen der Gesundheitspolitik erleben wir seit Jahrzehnten eine wachsende Übergewichtswelle – nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern in vielen Teilen der Welt. Alle Appelle an die Menschen, sich gesünder zu ernähren und mehr zu bewegen, sind gescheitert. In der Folge haben sich nichtübertragbare Krankheiten wie Diabetes, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und einige Krebsarten massiv ausgebreitet. Diese nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten verursachen ungefähr 3/4 der vorzeitigen Todesfälle und den größten Teil unserer Gesundheitskosten.Seit dem UN-Gipfel zu den nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten 2011 wird in vielen Ländern der Übergang von einer Verhaltens- zu einer Verhältnisprävention diskutiert. Besonders erfolgversprechend sind die fiskalischen Steuerungsversuche, das Verbraucherverhalten günstig zu beeinflussen. Deshalb schlagen medizinische Fachgesellschaften für Deutschland eine gesundheitliche Staffelung der Mehrwertsteuer vor: Obst und Gemüse werden von der Mehrwertsteuer befreit, Grundnahrungsmittel bleiben beim aktuellen Satz von 7 %, und Fertigprodukte mit viel zugesetztem Zucker, Salz oder Fett werden mit dem regulären Satz von 19 % besteuert. Beispiele aus anderen Ländern zeigen, dass Preissignale funktionieren. In Deutschland haben die Tabaksteuererhöhungen den Zigarettenkonsum unter jungen Menschen innerhalb von 10 Jahren halbiert; und die sogenannten Alkopops sind nach der Einführung einer entsprechenden Steuer praktisch vom Markt verschwunden.
Kohlenhydratmalassimilation
Authors: Konturek Peter 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungKohlenhydratmalassimilationen als häufige Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten spielen im klinischen Alltag eine zunehmende Rolle. Aus klinischer Sicht ist es wichtig, Intoleranzen von anderen Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten, vor allem Nahrungsmittelallergien, zu differenzieren. Die Symptome der Kohlenhydratintoleranz manifestieren sich durch postprandiale Bauchschmerzen mit Übelkeit, Flatulenz und Meteorismus, gashaltige Diarrhöen und in seltenen Fällen extraintestinale Beschwerden (Fatigue, Arthralgien, Myalgien etc.). Typisch für die Kohlenhydratintoleranzen ist das Fehlen von erhöhten Entzündungsparametern, wie CrP im Blut oder Calprotectin im Stuhl. Die Kohlenhydratintoleranzen werden mit dem H2-Atemtest diagnostiziert. Die Therapie besteht in erster Linie darin, die verantwortlichen Zucker zu meiden. In letzter Zeit konnte eine pathophysiologische Verbindung zwischen Kohlenhydratmalabsorption und Reizdarmsyndrom festgestellt werden. Dafür ist in erster Linie die Störung der Zusammensetzung des Darmmikrobioms (Dysbiose) verantwortlich. Therapeutisch wird bei diesen Patienten eine Reduktion von Mono- und Disacchariden und Polyolen (FODMAP-Prinzip) empfohlen.
Macht Zucker krank? Wie viel Zucker macht krank?
Authors: Schulze Matthias 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungZusammenhänge zwischen Zuckerkonsum und dem Risiko chronischer Krankheiten wurde in den letzten Jahren von einer Vielzahl von Studien untersucht. Dabei sind besonders prospektiv angelegte Studien aussagekräftig. Wichtiger Punkt bei der Bewertung kommt dabei der Bedeutung von Zucker in der Ernährung und dem Körpergewicht zu, welches für viele Krankheiten einen Risikofaktor darstellt.Der Konsum zuckergesüßter Getränke führt hier zu einem Gewichtsanstieg. Dazu gibt es überzeugende Evidenz aus Beobachtungsstudien, aber gerade auch aus randomisierten kontrollierten Interventionsstudien. Obwohl diese Zusammenhänge in einer erheblichen Anzahl systematischer Übersichtsarbeiten beurteilt wurden, gibt es eine erhebliche Abweichung in der Interpretation der Studienergebnisse in Abhängigkeit von Interessenkonflikten der Autoren.Der Konsum zuckergesüßter Getränke ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Typ-2-Diabetes verbunden. Obwohl initial die meisten Studien aus dem US-amerikanischen Raum stammten, konnte dieser Zusammenhang auch in Europa beobachtet werden. Zudem ist der Konsum zuckergesüßter Getränke auch mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (CVD) verbunden. Eine „sichere“ Menge gibt es prinzipiell nicht – das Risiko dieser Erkrankungen steigt mit höherer Dosis eher stetig an.Es gibt keine deutlichen Anhaltspunkte, dass der Verzehr anderer zuckerreicher Lebensmittel das Risiko chronischer Krankheiten erhöht. Zum Teil gibt es laut der Kohlenhydratleitlinie der DGE Evidenz für einen fehlenden Zusammenhang (z. B. mit der Gesamtmenge der zugeführten Mono- und Disaccharide und dem Diabetesrisiko). Teilweise gibt es keine ausreichende Datengrundlage, die eine Bewertung ermöglichen würde. Überraschend sind zum Teil Ergebnisse von Kohortenstudien, die eine Risikosenkung mit einem relativ hohen Verzehr zuckerreicher Lebensmittel wie Kuchen und Kekse nahelegen. Wahrscheinlich sind derartige Beobachtungen allerdings ein Artefakt von Misreporting der Studienteilnehmer.
Empfehlungen zur Zuckeraufnahme
Authors: Watzl Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Zufuhr freier Zucker in Deutschland und anderen Ländern ist hoch und hängt mit dem Risiko für das Auftreten verschiedener Erkrankungen zusammen. Deshalb haben nationale Ernährungs- und Gesundheitsinstitutionen sowie auf globaler Ebene die WHO, Obergrenzen für die tägliche Aufnahme freier Zucker vorgeschlagen bzw. bereits festgelegt. Derzeit gibt es noch keinen allgemein akzeptierten Grenzwert für die tägliche Aufnahme, allerdings zeichnet sich ein klarer Trend ab, die Zuckeraufnahme auf maximal 10 Energieprozent zu begrenzen. Nachfolgend wird die Entwicklung der Diskussion hierzu in Europa sowie in den USA dargestellt.
Revisiting Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) for the Oxidation of Alcohols in Acetonitrile without Nitroxyl Radicals
Authors: Hirashita Tsunehisa , Sugihara Yuto , Ishikawa Shota , Naito Yohei , Matsukawa Yuta , Araki Shuki 
Published: October 2018

Sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) is capable of oxidizing alcohols in acetonitrile at 20 °C without the use of catalysts. The oxidation is selective to allylic, benzylic, and secondary alcohols. ­Aliphatic primary alcohols are not oxidized.
Economic imaginaries of the Anti-biosis: between ‘economies of resistance’ and the ‘resistance of economies’
Authors: Brown Nik , Nettleton Sarah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper seeks to report on the way economic principles, formulae and discourse infiltrate biological research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the life sciences. AMR, it can be argued, has become the basis for performing certain forms of ‘economic imaginary’. Economic imaginaries are ways of projecting and materially restructuring economic and political orders through motifs, metaphors, images and practices. The paper contributes to critical social science and humanities research on the socio-economic underpinning of biological discourse. The performance of economy in this context can be seen to follow two key trajectories. The first trajectory, discussed at length in this paper, might be described as ‘economies of resistance’. Here the language of market economics structures and frames microbiological explanations of bacterial resistance. This can be illustrated through, for example, biological theories of ‘genetic capitalism’ where capitalism itself is seen to furnish microbial life with modes of economic behaviour and conduct. ‘Economies of resistance’ are evidence of the naturalisation of socio-economic structures in expert understandings of AMR. The methodological basis of this paper lies in a historical genealogical investigation into the use of economic and market principles in contemporary microbiology. The paper reports on a corpus of published academic sources identified through the use of keywords, terms, expressions and metaphors linked to market economics. Search terms included, but were not limited to: ‘trade-off’, ‘investment’, ‘market/s’, ‘competition’, ‘cooperation’, ‘economy’, ‘capital/ism’ and ‘socialist/ism’, etc. ‘Economies of resistance’ complements a second distinct trajectory that can be seen to flow in the opposite direction from biology to economic politics (the ‘resistance of economies’). Here, economic imaginaries of microbial life are redeployed in large-scale debates about the nature of economic life, about the future of the welfare state, industrial strategy, and about the politics of migration and race. ‘Economies of resistance’ and the ‘resistance of economies’ are not unrelated but, instead, they are mutually constituting dynamics in the co-production of AMR. In attempting to better understand this co-production, the paper draws upon literatures on the biopolitics of immunity in political philosophy and Science and Technology Studies (STS).
Dynamic regulation of HIV-1 capsid interaction with the restriction factor TRIM5α identified by magic-angle spinning NMR and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Quinn Caitlin M. , Wang Mingzhang , Fritz Matthew P. , Runge Brent , Ahn Jinwoo , Xu Chaoyi , Perilla Juan R. , Gronenborn Angela M. , Polenova Tatyana 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The mechanisms of how TRIM5α interferes with the integrity of the HIV-1 capsid to restrict HIV-1 infectivity remain poorly understood. We examined, at atomic resolution, the interactions with TRIM5α in the assembled capsid and the dynamics of capsid’s hexameric and pentameric building blocks. Remarkably, assemblies in the presence of the pentameric subunits are more rigid on microsecond to millisecond timescales at the sites of pentamer incorporation than tubes containing only hexamers. Furthermore, TRIM5α binding to capsid induces global rigidification and perturbs key intermolecular interfaces, essential for higher-order capsid assembly. TRIM5α thus uses several mechanisms to destabilize the capsid lattice, ultimately inducing its disassembly. Our results suggest that dynamic allostery plays a pivotal role in capsid assembly and HIV-1 infectivity.
Mutant UBQLN2 promotes toxicity by modulating intrinsic self-assembly
Authors: Sharkey Lisa M. , Safren Nathaniel , Pithadia Amit S. , Gerson Julia E. , Dulchavsky Mark , Fischer Svetlana , Patel Ronak , Lantis Gabrielle , Ashraf Naila , Kim John H. , Meliki Alia , Minakawa Eiko N. , Barmada Sami J. , Ivanova Magdalena I. , Paulson Henry L. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
UBQLN2, a ubiquitin-linked quality-control protein, accumulates in common neurodegenerative diseases and, when mutated, directly causes neurodegeneration. Employing a range of model systems, we show that UBQLN2 is intrinsically prone to self-assemble, leading to the formation of liquid-like droplets and amyloid aggregates. A disease-causing mutation in UBQLN2 impairs droplet dynamics and favors amyloid-like aggregation associated with neurotoxicity. Self-assembly is regulated by ubiquitin-linked domains in UBQLN2, implying a functional relationship between oligomerization and ubiquitin-dependent protein quality control. Our results emphasize a critical link between UBQLN2’s role in ubiquitin-dependent pathways and its propensity to self-assemble and aggregate in neurodegenerative diseases.