bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Movement Disorders and Placebo: A Brief Review of the Placebo Effect in Movement Disorders and Ethical Considerations for Placebo Therapy
Authors: Kaas Bonnie M. , Humbyrd Casey Jo , Pantelyat Alexander 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFunctional movement disorders are common and disabling neurologic conditions. Patients with functional neurologic disorders represent a large proportion of neurology clinic referrals, and limited availability of subspecialty care creates a considerable burden for the healthcare system. These conditions are currently treated with a combination of physical therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, with variable success.MethodsWe searched the Medline database for studies on the epidemiology and physiology of functional movement disorders, as well as those on the placebo effect in movement disorders. We reviewed and summarized the literature on these topics and explored ethical issues concerning the administration of placebos to patients with functional movement disorders.ResultsStudies of placebos, particularly in patients with movement disorders, have shown that these “inert” agents can provide demonstrable neurophysiologic benefits, even in open‐label studies. Physician surveys have shown that many administer placebos for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, although there are ethical concerns about this practice. We used a principle‐based approach and reviewed ethical arguments for (justice and beneficence) and against (non‐maleficence and autonomy) the use of placebos in functional movement disorders. In this context, we argue for the importance of the therapeutic alliance in preserving patient autonomy while exploring the potential benefits of placebo therapy.ConclusionsAn ethical argument is presented in support of nondeceptive clinical placebo use for the treatment of functional movement disorders. Patient and clinician attitudes regarding the use of placebos should be investigated before placebo‐therapy trials are conducted.
The Protective Activities of Dietary Sea Cucumber Cerebrosides against Atherosclerosis through Regulating Inflammation and Cholesterol Metabolism in Male Mice
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Zhang Tiantian , Ding Lin , Xu Jie , Xue Changhu , Yanagita Teruyoshi , Chang Yaoguang , Wang Yuming 
Published: June 2018

ScopeCerebroside is an active component extracted from sea cucumber (SCC), which is a traditional tonic food in China. In this study, the protective effect of SCC on atherogenesis is investigated and the possible underlying mechanism is determined.Method and resultsMale C57BL/6J obese mice were first used to explore the impact of SCC at different doses on alleviating lipid disorders and insulin sensitivity. Then ApoE−/− mice were used to evaluate the protective activities of SCC on atherosclerosis. The results demonstrated that dietary SCC increased the insulin sensitivity and reduced serum and hepatic lipid profiles in a dose‐dependent manner in C57BL/6J mice. In ApoE−/− mice, SCC treatment significantly decreased the atherosclerotic lesion formation and attenuated inflammation by decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6. Compared to the model group, the SCC group showed lower cholesterol levels in serum and liver by mediating the expression of genes related to hepatic LDL uptake and cholesterol excretion.ConclusionDietary SCC has the potential to eliminate atherosclerosis through regulating inflammation and cholesterol metabolism, and may be beneficial for the health of patients with cardiovascular disease.
perfectBASH: Band‐selective homonuclear decoupling in peptides and peptidomimetics
Authors: Ilgen Julian , Kaltschnee Lukas , Thiele Christina M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPure shift techniques have recently attracted much attention, as they have the ability to reduce spectral overlap and thus to simplify the analysis of complex and congested spectral regions. For peptides, band‐selective pure shift approaches are often the most reasonable choice among these, when spectra need to be simplified along proton dimensions. Band‐selective approaches usually offer the highest sensitivity of all pure shift methods, albeit at the cost that signals can only be acquired in a single‐frequency region of the spectrum, in which protons are well isolated in the proton spectrum. For α‐peptides, signals are usually acquired either in the amide‐proton region or in the α‐proton region. Herein, we present experiments, which enable the pure shift acquisition in both the amide‐proton and the α‐proton regions of α‐peptides simultaneously, without sacrificing the characteristics of band‐selective pure shift methods to provide high sensitivity. The “perfectBASH” approach discussed here combines the perfect echo experiment with band‐selective decoupling. It can be used for band‐selective pure shift acquisition of 1H, TOCSY, CLIP‐COSY, relayed CLIP‐COSY, NOESY, and EASY‐ROESY spectra, with proton–proton decoupling over the full backbone region of α‐peptides, which is most interesting for samples prepared without isotopic enrichment. As the utility of this technique is by no means limited to α‐peptides, we further illustrate its utility for 1H‐NMR studies of a peptidomimetic oligourea.
Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnancy in Ikere‐Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Okunola Temitope O. , Olubiyi Olaolu A. , Omoya Sunday , Rosiji Babatunde , Ajenifuja Kayode O. 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) among antenatal clinic attendees in a low resourced setting in Nigeria.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional study involving pregnant women aged 18‐45 years. Data was obtained from 442 pregnant women using the English version International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Urinary Incontinence—Short form (ICIQ‐UI‐SF) from July 2017‐September 2017. The questionnaires were self‐administered. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was also used to derive the adjusted odds ratio for risk factors of urinary incontinence among the respondents. A P‐value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of urinary incontinence in this study was 28.1%. UI prevalence among the nulliparous and multiparous women were 28.7% and 27.7% respectively. Stress urinary incontinence was the commonest (17.4%) while sexual relation was the most affected lifestyle (22.6%). Overweight (AOR 1.39, P = 0.03), obesity (AOR 1.60, P = 0.009), third trimester (AOR 2.09, P = 0.011), previous instrumental vaginal delivery (AOR 11.54, P < 0.001), Ibo tribe (AOR 3.29, P = 0.006); and Ebira tribe (AOR 8.86, P = 0.028) were associated with UI in pregnancy.ConclusionUrinary incontinence affects more than a quarter of pregnant women; with substantial lifestyle changes; and sexual relation is the most affected activity. Health care providers should endeavor to enquire about symptoms of UI among pregnant women. Efficacy of interventions needs to be investigated in this population.
Are psychological interventions effective on anxiety in cancer patients? A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Sanjida Saira , McPhail Steven M. , Shaw Joanne , Couper Jeremy , Kissane David , Price Melanie A. , Janda Monika 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this meta‐analysis were to estimate the overall effect size (ES) of psychological interventions on anxiety in patients with cancer and extract sample and intervention characteristics that influence effectiveness.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, and CINAHL were searched using Medical Subject Heading keywords ‘cancer’ AND ‘anxiety’ AND ‘psychological intervention’ AND ‘counselling’ AND ‘psycho*’ AND ‘psychotherapy’ AND ‘psychosocial’ AND ‘therapy’ between January 1993 and June 2017.ResultsSeventy‐one studies were eligible for the systematic review; among them, 51 studies were included in the meta‐analysis calculations. The overall ES was −0.21 (95% confidence interval; −0.30 to −0.13) in favour of the intervention. From subgroup analyses, studies conducted in Asia, enrolling inpatients, focussing on relaxation, of <6‐week intervention duration, <30‐minute intervention dose per session, and <4 hours of total time of intervention showed moderate ESs ranging from −0.40 to −0.55. Only 2 studies restricted enrolment to prescreened patients with clinically elevated level of anxiety and showed moderate ES of −0.58.ConclusionsLow psychological distress at baseline and nonevidence‐based interventions were the main factors identified for low effectiveness. Screening and assessment to determine clinical levels of anxiety in patients with cancer should be considered in future trials as an inclusion criterion before providing psychological interventions.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42017056132.
Benzoxazoles as novel herbicidal agents
Authors: Sangi Diego P , Meira Yuri G , Moreira Natália M , Lopes Thais A , Leite Mathias P , Pereira‐Flores Milton E , Alvarenga Elson S 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the need to develop new herbicides with different modes of action, due to weed resistance, many important classes of compounds have been studied poorly for this purpose. Benzoxazoles are considered privileged structures because of their biological activities, but their phytotoxic activities have not received a lot of attention until now.RESULTSDouble vinylic substitution reactions were carried out to furnish four 2‐nitromethylbenzoxazoles and one oxazolidine. Benzoxazol‐2‐ylmethanamine was obtained by reduction of compound 3a. These compounds were evaluated for their phytotoxicity in Allium cepa (onion), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum). Comparison with oxazolidine analogue allowed us to understand that the benzoxazolic structure is very important for the herbicidal activity.CONCLUSIONAll the synthesized compounds exhibited biological activity on seed germination. The four 2‐nitromethylbenzoxazoles showed phytotoxic activity and the 5‐chloro‐2‐(nitromethyl)benzo[d]oxazole (3b) exhibited higher inhibition than the commercial herbicide against all four plant species tested. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Host‐plant resistance associated with Poncirus trifoliata influence oviposition, development and adult emergence of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Authors: George Justin , Lapointe Stephen L 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the primary vector of the phloem‐inhabiting bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus putatively responsible for citrus greening (huanglongbing), a devastating citrus disease. Infestations of D. citri frequently develop on Citrus and other genera within the Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae including Murraya and Bergera. The genotype Poncirus trifoliata is also a member of the Aurantioideae and readily hybridizes with Citrus spp., but colonization by D. citri is reduced on this genotype.RESULTSWorking with young potted seedlings grown in a greenhouse, we found that the development of D. citri immatures on four P. trifoliata cultivars, especially ‘Kryder 55‐5’, was slower compared with the development of immatures on the susceptible Citrus macrophylla. In choice assays, adult psyllids exhibited antixenotic behavior towards accessions of P. trifoliata and laid fewer eggs on this genotype compared with C. macrophylla.CONCLUSIONSBased on reduced oviposition and delays in development, P. trifoliata exhibits a combination of antixenosis and antibiosis host‐plant resistance to D. citri. A companion plant assay showed that the presence of C. macrophylla stimulated higher oviposition rates on P. trifoliata, but nymph development remained retarded on P. trifoliata. Here, we show that the antixenosis associated with trifoliate accessions can be overcome to some extent by the presence of a preferred susceptible host plant; but in combination with antibiosis P. trifoliata remains an inferior host plant. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ion mobility resolved photo‐fragmentation to discriminate protomers
Authors: Choi Chang Min , Kulesza Alexander , Daly Steven , MacAleese Luke , Antoine Rodolphe , Dugourd Philippe , Chirot Fabien 
Published: June 2018

RationaleAmong the sources of structural diversity in biomolecular ions, the co‐existence of protomers is particularly difficult to take into account, which in turn complicates structural interpretation of gas‐phase data.MethodsWe investigated the sensitivity of gas‐phase photo‐fragmentation measurements and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to the protonation state of a model peptide derivatized with chromophores. Accessible interconversion pathways between the different identified conformers were probed by tandem ion mobility measurement. Furthermore, the excitation coupling between the chromophores has been probed through photo‐fragmentation measurements on mobility‐selected ions. All results were interpreted based on molecular dynamics simulations.ResultsWe show that protonation can significantly affect the photo‐fragmentation yields. Especially, conformers with very close collision cross sections (CCSs) may display dramatically different photo‐fragmentation yields in relation with different protonation patterns.ConclusionsWe show that, even if precise structure assignment based on molecular modeling is in principle difficult for large biomolecular assemblies, the combination of photo‐fragmentation and IMS can help to identify the signature of protomer co‐existence for a population of biomolecular ions in the gas phase. Such spectroscopic data are particularly suitable to follow conformational changes.
A Novel Graphite–Graphite Dual Ion Battery Using an AlCl3–[EMIm]Cl Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Li Zhanyu , Liu Jian , Niu Bangbang , Li Jianling , Kang Feiyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, a novel graphite–graphite dual ion battery (GGDIB) based on a AlCl3/1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazole Cl ([EMIm]Cl) room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte, using conductive graphite paper as cathode and anode material is developed. The working principle of the GGDIB is investigated, that is, metallic aluminum is deposited/dissolved on the surface of the anode, and chloroaluminate ions are intercalated/deintercalated in the cathode material. The self‐discharge phenomenon and pseudocapacitive behavior of the GGDIB are also analyzed. The GGDIB shows excellent rate performance and cycle performance due to the high ionic conductivity of ionic liquids. The initial discharge capacity is 76.5 mA h g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 over a voltage window of 0.1–2.3 V, and the capacity remains at 62.3 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles with a corresponding capacity retention of 98.42% at a current density of 500 mA g−1. With the merits of environmental friendliness and low cost, the GGDIB has a great advantage in the future of energy storage application.
Ultrasensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection Based on Amorphous Molybdenum Oxide Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Qun , Wang Xuzhe , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on plasmonic semiconductive material has been proved to be an efficient tool to detect trace of substances, while the relatively weak plasmon resonance compared with noble metal materials restricts its practical application. Herein, for the first time a facile method to fabricate amorphous HxMoO3 quantum dots with tunable plasmon resonance is developed by a controlled oxidization route. The as‐prepared amorphous HxMoO3 quantum dots show tunable plasmon resonance in the region of visible and near‐infrared light. Moreover, the tunability induced by SC CO2 is analyzed by a molecule kinetic theory combined with a molecular thermodynamic model. More importantly, the ultrahigh enhancement factor of amorphous HxMoO3 quantum dots detecting on methyl blue can be up to 9.5 × 105 with expending the limit of detection to 10−9 m. Such a remarkable porperty can also be found in this HxMoO3‐based sensor with Rh6G and RhB as probe molecules, suggesting that the amorphous HxMoO3 quantum dot is an efficient candidate for SERS on molecule detection in high precision.
Natural SUSY at LHC with right-sneutrino LSP
Authors: Chatterjee Arindam , Dutta Juhi , Rai Santosh Kumar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe study an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with additional right-handed singlet neutrino superfields. While such an extension incorporates a mechanism for the neutrino mass, it also opens up the possibility of having the right-sneutrinos ($$ \tilde{\nu} $$ν˜) as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). In this work, we focus on the viability of rather small (≲500 GeV) higgsino mass parameter (μ), an important ingredient for “naturalness”, in the presence of such a LSP. For simplicity, we assume that the bino and wino mass parameters are much heavier; thus we only consider (almost) pure and compressed higgsino-like states, with small$$ \mathcal{O}\left(1{0}^{-2}\right) $$O10−2gaugino admixture which nevertheless still affect the decay of the low-lying higgsino-like states, thus significantly affecting the proposed signatures at colliders. Considering only prompt decays of the higgino-like states, especially the lightest chargino, we discuss the importance of leptonic channels consisting of up to two leptons with large missing transverse energy to probe this scenario at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In addition we also comment on the dark matter predictions for the studied scenario.
Coulomb branches with complex singularities
Authors: Argyres Philip C. , Martone Mario 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We construct 4d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) whose Coulomb branches have singular complex structures. This implies, in particular, that their Coulomb branch coordinate rings are not freely generated. Our construction also gives examples of distinct SCFTs which have identical moduli space (Coulomb, Higgs, and mixed branch) geometries. These SCFTs thus provide an interesting arena in which to test the relationship between moduli space geometries and conformal field theory data.
We construct these SCFTs by gauging certain discrete global symmetries of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 superYang-Mills (sYM) theories. In the simplest cases, these discrete symmetries are outer automorphisms of the sYM gauge group, and so these theories have lagrangian descriptions as

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 sYM theories with disconnected gauge groups.
Crohn’s disease-specific mortality: a 30-year cohort study at a tertiary referral center in Japan
Authors: Yasukawa Shigeyoshi , Matsui Toshiyuki , Yano Yutaka , Sato Yuho , Takada Yasumichi , Kishi Masahiro , Ono Yoichiro , Takatsu Noritaka , Nagahama Takashi , Hisabe Takashi , Hirai Fumihito , Yao Kenshi , Ueki Toshiharu , Higashi Daijiro , Futami Kitaro , Sou Suketo , Sakurai Toshihiro , Yao Tsuneyoshi , Tanabe Hiroshi , Iwashita Akinori , Washio Masakazu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
In this study, survival and cause of death were investigated in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) at a tertiary referral center.

Methods
A database was created based on the medical records of 1108 CD patients who had a history of visiting our hospital to investigate background characteristics, cumulative survival rates from diagnosis, causes of death, and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for each cause of death. A follow-up questionnaire survey of patients followed up inadequately was also conducted. The cumulative survival rate from diagnosis was determined using the life table method and compared with that of a sex- and age-matched population model from the year 2000.

Results
The study included 1108 patients whose mean age at diagnosis was 25.6 ± 10.8 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 14.6 ± 9.4 years, and there were 52 deaths. The cumulative survival rate was significantly lower 25 years after the diagnosis of CD (91.7%) than in the standard population model (95.7%). SMRs for both all causes [3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7–4.6] and CD-specific causes (36.7; 95% CI 26.1–51.6) were high. Among the CD-specific causes, SMRs were especially high for small intestine and colorectal cancers, gastrointestinal diseases including intestinal failure (IF), perioperative complications, and amyloidosis.

Conclusion
The SMRs for both all causes and CD-specific causes were high in CD patients. CD-specific causes including intestinal cancer, IF, perioperative complications, and amyloidosis showed especially high SMRs.
Excessive flower production as an anti‐predator strategy: when is random flower abortion favored?
Authors: Ezoe Hideo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany plant species produce excessive flowers but abandon most of them halfway to maturation. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain adaptive significances of this behavior. To understand this phenomenon, I developed a resource allocation model between flower and fruit/seed production to examine a new hypothesis that excessive flower production is favored to “dilute” predation pressures in plant–pre‐dispersal seed predator systems. First, I compared the efficiencies of three abortion strategies: (1) no abortions: the plant matures all pollinated flowers; (2) selective abortions: the plant aborts all flowers oviposited by predators and only intact flowers mature; (3) random abortions: the plant indiscriminately aborts a fraction of the pollinated flowers irrespective of seed‐predator oviposition. I assumed that the timing of selective abortions was later than that of random abortions owing to delays in response to feeding damage (the cost of selective abortion). I showed that the reproductive efficiencies of the random‐abortion and selective‐abortion strategies were much higher than that of the no‐abortion strategy when resources were poor, predators were abundant, and the cost of flower production was low. In addition, the reproductive efficiency of the random‐abortion strategy was greater than that of the selective‐abortion strategy when the cost of selective abortion was high. Second, I examined a mixed‐abortion strategy in which plants aborted flowers randomly earlier and selectively later. The proportion of random abortions increased as the amount of resources decreased, density of seed predators increased, flower production cost decreased, and cost of selective abortion increased.
Comparison of personality between juveniles and adults in clonal gecko species
Authors: Sakai Osamu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The developmental perspectives of animal personality enhance our understanding of how personality structure changes in relation to life stage. Clonal animals are ideal models for developmental studies because personality differences can be solely attributed to environmental factors. Here, I investigated the presence of personality within a species of clonal gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris, at different developmental stages. For juveniles and adult geckos, I measured exploration (reaction to a novel situation) and boldness (risk-prone tendency) and evaluated repeatability and correlation of these behavioural traits. Each gecko exhibited different exploration and boldness with significant repeatability through time but no correlation between these behavioural traits. Small juveniles were composed of only bold and low explorative individuals but large juveniles and adults were composed of various personality type individuals. These results demonstrate that subject geckos have a similar personality structure across life stages and that exploration and boldness are independent personality without forming behavioural syndrome structure. Biased composition of personality type between life stages suggests that appearance of different personality type individuals during an early ontogenetic stage generates personality variation within the clonal population. This study provides developmental insight about personality structure and its composition in clonal animals living in the wild.