bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Cu─Al2O3 Composite Coated Patterned Surfaces Using Refrigerant R‐134a
Authors: Pingale Ajay D. , Waghmare Govind , Katarkar Anil S. , Wankhede Sagar , Bhaumik Swapan , Belgamwar Sachin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study investigates pool boiling heat transfer (PBHT) of R‐134a on Cu─Al2O3 composite‐coated patterned surfaces (CPSI, CPSII, CPSIII, and CPSIV). Using a wire EDM method, four different types of copper patterned surfaces (PSI, PSII, PSIII, and PSIV) were manufactured. Comparing the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of the Cu─Al2O3 composite‐coated patterned surfaces to the uncoated Cu surfaces, a notable enhancement was observed. The maximum HTC improvements of 162%, 178%, 189%, and 211% were observed for CPSI, CPSII, CPSIII, and CPSIV, respectively, when compared with bare Cu surfaces. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of these treatments in enhancing heat transfer compared to bare copper surfaces. The enhancement in PBHT is mainly due to the integration of porous Cu─Al2O3 composite coating with patterned surfaces which resulted in a larger heat transfer area, improved capillary action, and a substantial increase in active nucleation sites.
Who Am I? A Longitudinal Investigation of the Multidimensional Self
Authors: Goncharova Yaroslava , Ross Josephine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCross‐sectional research employing the mirror mark test of self‐recognition has dominated research focused on the development of self‐reflection in children. However, the mirror mark test may fail to capture the complexity of self as a social object, and the developmental antecedents and consequences of self‐reflection remain largely uncharted. Here, we provide an overview of the extant longitudinal data on mirror self‐recognition and present our own longitudinal findings based on a multidimensional parent‐report measure of children's self‐development. Offering a snapshot of development over 3 months for 74 children aged between 14 and 36 months, and mirroring extant longitudinal data for mirror self‐recognition, our results suggest that increases in self‐reflection are longitudinally related to developments in pretend play, prosocial behaviour, imitation and declarative pointing. However, although baseline self‐reflection was statistically predictive of children's prosocial behaviour at follow‐up, no strong developmental predictor of self‐reflection emerged. We conclude that more longitudinal research, moving beyond or supplementing mirror self‐recognition, is needed to identify the cognitive and social precursors of self‐reflection. Nevertheless, growth in ‘moral’ behaviour emerges as a significant developmental consequence of this capacity in a western sample. Further research is needed to explore cultural variability in developmental pathways to and from self‐reflection.
Correlation Between mRNA Expression of Activated Eosinophils and Air Pollutant Exposure in Patients With Asthma
Authors: Lin Ting‐Yu , Chang Po‐Jui , Lo Chun‐Yu , Chuang Hsiao‐Chi , Lee Chung‐Shu , Chang Chih‐Hao , Yu Chih‐Teng , Hsieh Meng‐Heng , Liu Chien‐Ying , Kuo Chih‐Hsi Scott , Lin Shu‐Min 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEosinophil activation is associated with asthma. Whether air pollution affects the activation of blood eosinophils in patients with asthma remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the correlation between transcriptional activity in eosinophils and air pollutant exposure in patients receiving different levels of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment.MethodsWe evaluated the expression levels of activation‐ and function‐related genes in eosinophils from patients with GINA 4 or 5 (n = 20), those with GINA 3 (n = 12), and normal individuals (n = 7); the eosinophils were activated with interleukin (IL)−5 or IL‐17. A land use regression model was used to estimate air pollutant exposure. The correlations between mRNA expression, lung function, and air pollutant exposure were investigated.ResultsThe expression levels of TGFB1, IL7R, and TLR3 were significantly higher for patients with GINA 4 or 5 than for those with GINA 3 or normal individuals. The expression of certain genes, particularly in IL‐17‐activated eosinophils, was correlated with lung function decline in patients with GINA 4 or 5. For patients with GINA 4 or 5, NO2 exposure was correlated with upregulated TGFB1 expression in IL‐5‐activated eosinophils. For patients with GINA 3, O3 exposure was correlated with upregulated CCR5, IL5RA, IL7R, and TGFB1 expression in IL‐17‐activated eosinophils and upregulated IL7R expression in IL‐5‐activated eosinophils.ConclusionPatients with GINA 4 or 5 may exhibit elevated transcriptional activity in eosinophils; this elevation is correlated with lung function decline. Air pollution may affect eosinophil mRNA expression in patients with asthma.
The rising tide: Trends in induction of labor at term over a 5‐year period at a single centre
Authors: Nicholson Sarah M. , Hatt Susan , Kent Etaoin M. , Geary Michael P. , Dicker Patrick , Molphy Zara E. , Flood Karen , Malone Fergal D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveInduction of labor (IOL) is a controversial topic in contemporary obstetric practice, with some suggesting that the increase in elective induction (eIOL) as a potential contributor to increasing cesarean delivery (CD) rates. The objectives of this single‐center study were to examine the rates of IOL, trends in indications for IOL, and the contribution of IOL to the overall CD rate at one of Europe's largest obstetric hospitals.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study evaluated the outcomes of patients who were delivered following IOL from 2018 to 2022 inclusive at the largest obstetric hospital in Ireland.ResultsA total of 36 938 women (16 155 nulliparous and 20 783 multiparous) were delivered during the 5‐year study period, of whom 8072 nulliparous and 6343 multiparous women underwent IOL. There was a significant increase in rates of induction, increasing from 42% to 57% (P <0.001) in nulliparous women, and from 27% to 33% (P < 0.001) in multiparous women. The highest contributions to the hospital CD rate were from those being induced for ‘fetal’ (5%), spontaneous rupture of membranes (‘SROM’) (4%), and ‘maternal’ (4%) reasons, with the lowest CD rates in the eIOL category (<1%) in both groups.ConclusionOur data confirm that the rate of IOL is increasing. The contribution of maternal and fetal reasons for IOL to the overall CD rate may reflect increasing numbers of higher‐risk pregnancies. Despite current controversy regarding the role of eIOL, our data do not confirm a significant contribution to either the overall IOL or CD rates in this center.
Examining the interrelationships of school connectedness, social anxiety, and problematic social network use in adolescents
Authors: Zhang Jiajing , Ying Jiefeng , Shen Yunhong , Chen Danrui , Zhan Shiting , You Jianing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile social networks have become an integral part of people's lives, they also bring the potential for negative consequences, with problematic social network use emerging as a noteworthy concern, especially among adolescents. Guided by social control theory, this study examined bidirectional relationships between problematic social network use and its influencing factors: school connectedness and social anxiety.MethodsRandom intercept cross‐lagged panel models were employed to examine the bidirectional relationships among school connectedness, social anxiety, and problematic social network use. Data were collected using the School Connectedness Scale, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the Evaluation Tool for Problematic Mobile Social Network Usage. Measurements were taken at three different times, each 6 months apart, over the course of 1 year (Time 1–3; T1 in November 2020). A total of 1684 Chinese adolescents (45.23% boys, Mage = 14.66, SD = 1.30) from a secondary school in Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, China, participated in the study.ResultsThe results indicated school connectedness and problematic social network use negatively predicted each other over time. In contrast, a positive bidirectional relationship was found between social anxiety and problematic social network use.ConclusionsThe findings have important implications for the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at promoting healthy online habits and preventing the escalation of problematic social network use among adolescents. By highlighting the dynamic interplay between school connectedness, social anxiety, and social network use, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of these issues and lays the groundwork for future research and interventions aimed at supporting adolescents in navigating the digital landscape.
Mincle Maintains M1 Polarization of Macrophages and Contributes to Renal Aging Through the Syk/NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Sun Lingshuang , Liu Hua , Shi Kehui , Wei Meng , Jiang Hongli 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTKidney is a classic organ undergoing senescence, and chronic inflammation has an important effect in cellular senescence. Mincle has been shown to be vital for maintaining the M1 phenotype of macrophages, but its role in regulating renal aging has yet to be explored. Young (2 months of age) and old (24 months of age) mice were used to analyze the changes of kidney damage during natural aging. Mice were subcutaneously injected with D‐galactose (D‐gal) to establish a renal aging model, and miR‐6948‐3p mimic and Mincle siRNA were administered via the tail vein every 3 days. Aged kidney and experimental aging kidney were characterized by decreased renal function and structural damage, and upregulated expression of senescence‐related proteins and SPAP components. The ratio of M1 macrophages was increased in the aged kidney, and Mincle accumulated in the aged kidney macrophages. Administration of miR‐6948‐3p mimic or Mincle siRNA alleviated D‐gal‐induced renal senescence. LPS was used to induce M1 polarization of bone marrow‐derived macrophages, and a coculture system of M1 macrophages and mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (TCMK‐1) was established. Mincle was upregulated in LPS‐induced M1 macrophages in vitro, and silencing Mincle in M1 macrophages attenuated M1 macrophage‐induced TCMK‐1 cell senescence. Mechanistically, Mincle was regulated by miR‐6948‐3p and maintained the M1 phenotype of macrophages through the Syk/NF‐κB pathway. In conclusion, Mincle, posttranscriptionally suppressed by miR‐6948‐3p, modulated renal senescence by maintaining the phenotype of M1 macrophages through the Syk/NF‐κB pathway.
PKN2 Promotes Peripheral Nerve Repair by Regulating Autophagy via Activation of the AKT‐mTOR Pathway: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Wang Lin , Huang Yuan‐sheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to explore the role of Protein Kinase N2 (PKN2) in peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. The study employed a PC12 cell model to assess the effects of PKN2 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, synaptic growth, and autophagic activity, with a focus on the regulatory role of the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The results demonstrated that PKN2 overexpression significantly promoted PC12 cell proliferation and cell migration, while also enhancing synaptic growth. Additionally, a significant suppression of autophagy was observed. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PKN2 inhibited autophagic activity through the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. In summary, PKN2 plays a significant role in peripheral nerve repair by promoting cell proliferation, migration, and synaptic growth, while inhibiting autophagy through the AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings suggest that targeting PKN2 may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PNI.
CEO Inside Debt and Insider Trading
Authors: Brisker Eric R. , Outlaw Dominique , Smith Aimee Hoffmann 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe examine insider trading to test existing theory about how insiders perceive CEO pensions and deferred compensation (inside debt). Managerial compensation theory posits that debt‐type compensation is an important component of optimal contracting because it reduces shareholder–debtholder agency costs, suggesting that shareholders may react positively to increases in CEO inside debt. Consistent with this conjecture, we document a positive association between CEO inside debt and net purchasing by well‐informed insiders. We alleviate endogeneity concerns using 2SLS instrumental variables estimation. Further supporting theoretical predictions, we obtain stronger results when focusing on opportunistic trades, directors’ and officers’ trades, and financially distressed firms.
Shared Traumatic Reality During the Continuous War in Ukraine and the Protective Role of Transgenerational Transfer: Voices of Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Leshem Becky , Zasiekina Larysa , Guterman Neil B. , Pat‐Horenczyk Ruth 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTShared traumatic reality has nagative professional effects on mental health providers. The study explores the professional effects of prolonged shared traumatic reality, and the protective role of intergenerational transfer, among Ukrainian psychotherapists during the war with Russia, in the context of their national history of traumatic events. We conducted focus group interviews with 20 Ukrainian therapists who lived and worked in Ukrainian war zones. The recorded transcriptions were analyzed, applying two stages of inductive thematic analysis, and identifying common themes and sub‐themes. The main reported negative effect was compassion fatigue, with secondary traumatization and lack of interpersonal and professional support reported as the dominant risk factors. Positive effects included compassion satisfaction and professional growth. The leading protective factors included active coping and social support, while transgenerational transfer of empowering messages increased coping resources. We concluded that intergenerational transfer could promote coping and positive professional effects, especially in the context of chronic shared traumatic reality, suggested as a new construct. Further studies are suggested.
Examination of Gait Characteristics Related to Sarcopenia in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A Study Focusing on Plantar Pressure
Authors: Yamagiwa Daiki , Makino Keitaro , Katayama Osamu , Yamaguchi Ryo , Georg von Fingerhut , Yamashiro Yukari , Sudo Motoki , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSarcopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength with age, which results in a lower gait speed. Decreased gait speed in older individuals with sarcopenia can lead to adverse events such as falls and mortality. It is a major health issue; several studies have investigated gait speed in sarcopenia. However, plantar pressure has not been sufficiently evaluated. Plantar pressure facilitates gait analysis, including gait speed, and plays an important role in preventing adverse events such as falls and mortality. Therefore, the current study aimed to validate gait characteristics, including plantar pressure in community‐dwelling older adults with sarcopenia.MethodsThe current study included community‐dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥60 years who participated in health checkups between 2013 and 2018. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by measuring muscle mass and strength based on clinical definition (nonsarcopenia: n = 7662; probable sarcopenia: n = 1208; and sarcopenia: n = 477). Gait parameters (including gait speed, relative plantar pressure, cadence, stride length, step length, step width and foot angle) were measured at a comfortable speed using a computerized electronic walkway. Gait parameters between groups were compared via an analysis of covariance adjusted for age and BMI. In addition, post hoc analyses were performed with Bonferroni correction.ResultsThe sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia groups had a significantly lower gait speed than the nonsarcopenia group (p < 0.01). Further, the sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia groups had a significantly lower forefoot plantar pressure, stride length and cadence than the nonsarcopenia group (all p < 0.01). When comparing, the sarcopenia group had a greater medial plantar pressure, step length, and foot angle and a lower lateral plantar pressure, cadence, and step width than the probable sarcopenia group (all p < 0.01).ConclusionThe sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups differed concerning gait characteristics, including plantar pressure. It is thought that exercise instruction that takes into account walking characteristics is important for probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia.
Early‐Stage Melanoma Cancer Diagnosis Framework for Imbalanced Data From Dermoscopic Images
Authors: Khan Amjad Rehman , Mujahid Muhammad , Alamri Faten S. , Saba Tanzila , Ayesha Noor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSkin problems are a serious condition that affects people all over the world. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays' damages melanocyte cells, leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of melanoma, a form of skin cancer. However, the dearth of qualified expertise increases the processing time and cost of diagnosis. Early detection of melanoma in dermoscopy images significantly enhances its chance of survival. Pathologists benefit substantially from the precise and efficient melanoma cancer diagnosis using automated methods. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of melanoma has consistently been a challenging procedure due to the imbalance images and limited data. Our objective was to employ a novel deep method to diagnose melanoma from dermoscopic images automatically. The research has proposed a novel framework for detecting skin malignancies. The proposed plan, which includes CNN, DenseNet, a batch normalization layer, maxpooling, and a ReLU layer activation function, solves the overfitting problem well. Furthermore, we used a large number of samples for testing and effectively employed data augmentation to prevent any issues related to class imbalance. The Adam optimizer is the most efficient deep learning optimizer for addressing challenges associated with large datasets, such as lengthy processing times. This is due to its specifically designed algorithm. Experiments ensure that the proposed framework achieved 95.70% micro average accuracy on the ISIC‐2019 dataset and 93.24% accuracy on the HAM‐10000 dataset. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis were used to evaluate our framework's performance. The results show that the proposed approach performs better with cross‐validation by 94.8% accuracy than the most sophisticated deep learning‐based technique. During studies, medical professionals will employ the proposed model to identify skin cancer in its early stages.
Anteroposterior axis of the tibia for kinematic aligned total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Toyooka Seikai , Arai Noriaki , Masuda Hironari , Kawano Hirotaka , Nakagawa Takumi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeIt is not known where the anatomical axis of rotation on the tibial side will be in kinematic alignment (KA), a rapidly expanding area of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alignment technique today. The purpose of this study was to define the tibial axis for KA‐TKA.MethodsFifty patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) examination of the lower extremities at a single institution were included. The posterior condylar axis (PCA) and surgical epicondylar axis (SEA) were identified in the CT axial view and projected onto the tibial slice. The respective perpendicular lines that pass through was attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were identified as the anatomic axis of rotation of the tibia relative to the PCA and SEA, and the position of each axis of rotation. Furthermore, the relationship of these perpendicular lines with the Akagi line was evaluated.ResultsThe axis of tibial rotation to the SEA was similar to that of the Akagi line; the axis of tibial rotation to the PCA was located approximately 2.9° medial to the Akagi line, and when the origin of the tibial axis was set at the PCL attachment site, the intersection point of the tibial axis was approximately 2.5 mm medial to the medial border of the tibial tuberosity. The distribution of tibial axis had a wide range.ConclusionAlthough there is a large individual variation, the average tibial axis for KA‐TKA is 2.9° more internally rotated than the Akagi line.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
From Egg to Adult: A Developmental Table of the Ant Monomorium pharaonis
Authors: Rajakumar Arjuna , Pontieri Luigi , Li Ruyan , Larsen Rasmus Stenbak , Vásquez‐Correa Angelly , Frandsen Johanne K. L. , Rafiqi Ab Matteen , Zhang Guojie , Abouheif Ehab 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAnts are one of the most ecologically and evolutionarily successful groups of animals and exhibit a remarkable degree of phenotypic diversity. This success is largely attributed to the fact that all ants are eusocial and live in colonies with a reproductive division of labor between morphologically distinct queen and worker castes. Yet, despite over a century of studies on caste determination and evolution in ants, we lack a complete ontogenetic series from egg to adult for any ant species. We, therefore, present a developmental table for the Pharaoh ant Monomorium pharaonis, a species whose colonies simultaneously produce reproductive queens and completely sterile workers. In total, M. pharaonis embryonic, larval, and pupal development lasts 45 days. During embryogenesis, the majority of developmental events are conserved between M. pharaonis and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We discovered, however, two types of same‐stage embryos before gastrulation: (1) embryos with internalized germ cells; and (2) embryos with germ cells outside of the blastoderm at the posterior pole. Moreover, we also found two‐types of embryos following germ band extension: (1) embryos with primordial germ cells that will develop into reproductive queens; and (2) embryos with no germ cells that will develop into completely sterile workers. Together, these data show that queen and worker castes are already determined and differentiated by early embryogenesis. During larval development, we confirmed that reproductive and worker larvae proceed through three larval instars. Using anatomical and developmental markers, we can further discern the development of gyne (unmated queen) larvae, male larvae, and worker larvae as early as the 1st instar. Overall, we hope that the ontogenetic series we present here will serve as a blueprint for the generation of future ant developmental tables.