bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semitransparent FAPbI3‐xBrx Perovskite Solar Cells Stable under Simultaneous Damp Heat (85 °C/85%) and 1 Sun Light Soaking
Authors: Heo Jin Hyuck , Choi Yong Kyu , Koh Chang Woo , Woo Han Young , Im Sang Hyuk 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHighly efficient (17.3%, aperture area = 1 cm2) and stable semitransparent CH(NH2)2PbI3‐xBrx (FAPbI3‐xBrx) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are demonstrated by lamination process through conductive poly[(2,5‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(5,6‐difluoro‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]‐thiadiazole)] doped with nonhygroscopic tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transporting glue layer. Due to the self‐passivated structure of semitransparent PSCs, the edge‐encapsulated PSC exhibits 5.20% degradation compared to its initial efficiency during 1000 h maximum power point tracking under simultaneous damp heat (85 °C/85% relative humidity) and 1 sun light soaking test condition. In addition, 14.3% of full flexible semitransparent PSC with good mechanical bending stability is demonstrated by the same lamination process.
A Microfluidic Model with Hydrogel Barriers for the Construction of Shear‐Free Attractive and Repulsive Cue Gradients
Authors: Liu Wenming , Han Kai , Sun Meilin , Huang Zhongchao , Wang Jinyi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAxon guidance is a fundamental process during neural development and regeneration. The combinatorial impacts of guidance cues on neuronal axons remain largely unexplored, owing to the lack of micromanipulation methods to conduct such studies. Herein, a microfluidic platform is reported for simultaneously establishing multi‐biochemical cue gradients to investigate attractive and repulsive response integration of axons. The employment of multidirectional hydrogel barriers permits a facile, stable, and long‐term production of shear‐free single linear and double radial biochemical gradients in the device. On‐chip cultivation of primary cortical neurons is favorably performed with microscale control while preserving their high viability, typical neuronal phenotype, and neurite growth and orientation. The applicability of the established platform in studying the complex integration of netrin‐1 and slit‐2 cue gradients by axons and their corresponding responses is experimentally demonstrated. The results indicate that axon guidance in a complex neural microenvironment is strongly associated with the concentration and guiding duration of biochemical signals, providing composite insight into the guidance mechanism underlying the combinatorial effects of netrin‐1 and slit‐2 on neuronal axons. This platform, which has the capability of multiple biochemical gradient control in time and space, holds great potential for applications in neurobiology, oncology, inflammation, and precision medicine.
Core/Shell Upconversion Nanocrystal Hybrids with Temperature‐Dependent Emission Color Changes for Multilevel Anticounterfeiting Applications
Authors: Hu Yanqing , Shao Qiyue , Deng Xinyi , Han Shouyu , Song Dongdong , Jiang Jianqing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis work presents a novel and highly secure anticounterfeiting strategy based on core/shell upconversion nanocrystal (UCNC) hybrids with temperature‐responsive multicolor emissions. Opposite luminescent temperature‐dependences are found for active‐core@inert‐shell (thermal quenching) and active‐core@active‐shell (thermally induced enhancement) UCNCs. Accordingly, their hybrids are designed to show obvious color changes with increasing temperature under 975 nm excitation. Various color‐shifting pathways (from white to green, blue to green, etc.) are achieved by adjusting the core/shell NC combinations in the hybrids. Moreover, color changes of the printed patterns using the hybrid NC inks can be realized by the simple heating treatment, or by increasing the laser power and prolonging the irradiation time. The results indicate the great potential of these core/shell NC hybrids for anticounterfeiting applications with high‐level security and convenient authentication methods.
AlxGa1−xN‐Based Quantum Wells Fabricated on Macrosteps Effectively Suppressing Nonradiative Recombination
Authors: Hayakawa Minehiro , Ichikawa Shuhei , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlxGa1−xN‐based quantum wells (QWs) are fabricated on AlN with macrosteps, which are formed by using vicinal sapphire and AlN (0001) substrates. The QWs on macrosteps (MS‐QWs) show photoluminescence lifetimes of nearly 2 ns at an emission wavelength of 242 nm at room temperature (RT). This is the longest lifetime so far reported for AlxGa1−xN‐based QWs emitting below 270 nm, indicating the suppression of nonradiative recombination, the dominant recombination process at RT. Compared with planar QWs without macrosteps, the emission internal quantum efficiency estimated by photoluminescence spectroscopy is improved approximately by two orders of magnitude under a weak excitation condition. Consequently, AlxGa1−xN‐based MS‐QWs are promising structures for highly efficient ultraviolet emitters.
DABCO‐Catalyzed Double Cascade Cycloaddition of Maleimides with Bisarylhydrazones: Access to Fused Pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazole Derivatives
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Nan , Yang Zhen‐Hua , Qi Ming , Zhao Sheng‐Yin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA DABCO‐catalyzed double cascade cycloaddition reaction of diverse maleimides with bisarylhydrazones has been developed for the synthesis of a variety of synthetically challenging pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazole derivatives. Dioxygen gas is employed as the sole oxidant in this transformation. It proceeds with high step‐ and atom‐efficiency and shows a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, making it a practical approach for the preparation of fully substituted pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazole derivatives.magnified image
Schottky Junction Vertical Channel GaN Static Induction Transistor with a Sub‐Micrometer Fin Width
Authors: Chun Jaeyi , Li Wenwen , Agarwal Anchal , Chowdhury Srabanti 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGaN‐based vertical transistors have demonstrated its excellent properties for high‐power and high‐frequency electronic devices. This work introduces a GaN‐based static induction transistor (SIT) which is another form of vertical GaN transistors without requiring any p‐type GaN and gate dielectrics for its operation. Processing strategy to generate the GaN SIT with a sub‐micrometer fin width involves photoresist (PR)‐assisted planarization with an understanding of dry etch parameters for the planar PR surface. The efficacy of this process is demonstrated by the device's triode‐like output characteristics with high current density (0.65 kA cm−2) and low ON resistance (1.48 mΩ cm2) at 1 V of drain voltage. In addition, the electrical properties such as current density and modulation are examined depending on the fin width of GaN SIT. The result reveals that the size reduction in the GaN SIT utilizing the sub‐micrometer fin as a channel could increase the current modulation, but it could decrease the current density because of the raised potential minima due to the depletion region overlap. It is believed that the GaN SIT demonstrating high blocking voltage and low ON resistance would present a very promising class of transistor for next‐generation high‐power and high‐frequency electronics.
Organocatalytic Oxidative Functionalizations of Alkynes
Authors: Patil Dilip V. , Shin Seunghoon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of alkynes has traditionally belonged to the domain of transition metal catalysis. Recently, several promising organocatalytic methods have been developed, leading to selective oxidative transformations of alkynes. For example, ynamides, because of their electron‐rich alkynes, are ideal candidates for Brønsted acid‐catalysis. A closely related keteniminium intermediate could also be accessed via amide activation. A particularly interesting aspect in this regard is a facile access to umpolung enolates, which would enable novel disconnections with complementary selectivity to traditional methods.
Distribution and Antioxidant Activities of Free, Conjugated, and Insoluble‐Bound Phenolics from Seven Species of the Genus Camellia
Authors: Luo Fan , Fei Xueqian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFree phenolic (FP), conjugated phenolic (CP), and insoluble‐bound phenolic (IBP) acids were extracted from the seeds of seven species of oil‐tea camellia and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. The results indicated that Camellia vietnamensis has the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (31.84 ± 0.11 g of gallic acid equivalent [GAE] kg−1) and that Camellia polyodontia has the lowest TPC (12.34 ± 0.22 g GAE kg−1) in the kernel. The average TPC among the species is similar in both the kernels and in the shells, and the content order of the three forms of phenolic compounds is FP > IBP > CP. HPLC‐MS analysis showed the presence of 9–11 phenolic compounds in the FP, CP, or IBP extracts of the seven species of oil‐tea camellia seed. Among the phenolics identified, ferulic acid, catechin, and epicatechin were the major contributors of antioxidant activity. Hierarchical cluster analysis conducted based on the phenolic properties showed that C. vietnamensis and Camellia semiserrata belong to the group characterized by high antioxidant capacities (FRAP, ferric‐ion‐reducing antioxidant power; ABTS assay), and Camellia chekiangoleosa and Camellia oleifera are arranged in a group with moderate phenolic properties. The other species constitute the third cluster with low phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The study demonstrated that oil‐tea camellia seed contains significant amounts of phenolic acids. In addition, extracts from various parts of the seed could be interesting novel sources of natural antioxidants.
Development and characterization of 30 microsatellite loci for Plagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae)
Authors: Kim Bo‐Yun , Lee Soo‐Rang , Kim Yong‐In , Kang Dae‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Dong 
Published: December 2018

Premise of the StudyPlagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae) has been listed as an endangered species in Korea due to extensive collection and destruction of natural habitats. In this study, 30 microsatellite loci, including 25 polymorphic loci, were developed for P. dubium for use in population‐level genetic analyses.Methods and ResultsWe carried out transcriptome sequencing and isolated a total of 30 expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat markers from P. dubium using Illumina HiSeq high‐throughput sequencing. To test utility of the developed markers, we genotyped 60 individuals from three populations and estimated the number of alleles and levels of observed and expected heterozygosity. Expected heterozygosity levels ranged from 0.000 to 0.594, 0.000 to 1.000, and 0.000 to 0.744 in the three populations, respectively.ConclusionsThese transcriptome‐derived simple sequence repeat markers are highly polymorphic and can be widely used in characterization of the endangered P. dubium. Population genetic studies with these markers will provide valuable insights for conservation by unraveling evolutionary patterns of P. dubium.
Association of Dendritic Cell Signatures With Autoimmune Inflammation Revealed by Single‐Cell Profiling
Authors: Ashton Michelle P. , Eugster Anne , Dietz Sevina , Loebel Doreen , Lindner Annett , Kuehn Denise , Taranko Anna E. , Heschel Babett , Gavrisan Anita , Ziegler Anette‐Gabriele , Aringer Martin , Bonifacio Ezio 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo identify single‐cell transcriptional signatures of dendritic cells (DCs) that are associated with autoimmunity, and determine whether thoseDCsignatures are correlated with the clinical heterogeneity of autoimmune disease.MethodsBlood‐derivedDCs were single‐cell sorted from the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or type 1 diabetes as well as healthy individuals.DCs were analyzed using single‐cell gene expression assays, performed immediately after isolation or after in vitro stimulation of the cells. In addition, protein expression was measured using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.ResultsCD1c+ conventionalDCs and plasmacytoidDCs from healthy individuals exhibited diverse transcriptional signatures, while theDCtranscriptional signatures in patients with autoimmune disease were altered. In particular, distinctDCclusters, characterized by up‐regulation ofTAP1,IRF7, andIFNAR1, were abundant in patients with systemic autoimmune disease, whereasDCs from patients with type 1 diabetes had decreased expression of the regulatory genesPTPN6,TGFB, andTYROBP. The frequency ofCD1c+ conventionalDCs that expressed a systemic autoimmune profile directly correlated with the extent of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Spearman'sr= 0.60,P= 0.03).ConclusionDCtranscriptional signatures are altered in patients with autoimmune disease and are associated with the level of disease activity, suggesting that immune cell transcriptional profiling could improve our ability to detect and understand the heterogeneity of these diseases, and could guide treatment choices in patients with a complex autoimmune disease.
Process intensification for O2‐dependent enzymatic transformations in continuous single‐phase pressurized flow
Authors: Bolivar Juan M. , Mannsberger Alexander , Thomsen Malene S. , Tekautz Günter , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOxidative O2‐dependent biotransformations are promising for chemical synthesis, but their development to an efficiency required in fine chemical manufacturing has proven difficult. General problem for process engineering of these systems is that thermodynamic and kinetic limitations on supplying O2 to the enzymatic reaction combine to create a complex bottleneck on conversion efficiency. We show here that continuous‐flow microreactor technology offers a comprehensive solution. It does so by expanding the process window to the medium pressure range (here, ≤34 bar) and thus enables biotransformations to be conducted in a single liquid phase at boosted concentrations of the dissolved O2 (here, up to 43 mM). We take reactions of glucose oxidase and d‐amino acid oxidase as exemplary cases to demonstrate that the pressurized microreactor presents a powerful engineering tool uniquely apt to overcome restrictions inherent to the individual O2‐dependent transformation considered. Using soluble enzymes in liquid flow, we show reaction rate enhancement (up to six‐fold) due to the effect of elevated O2 concentrations on the oxidase kinetics. When additional catalase was used to recycle dissolved O2 from the H2O2 released in the oxidase reaction, product formation was doubled compared to the O2 supplied, in the absence of transfer from a gas phase. A packed‐bed reactor containing oxidase and catalase coimmobilized on porous beads was implemented to demonstrate catalyst recyclability and operational stability during continuous high‐pressure conversion. Product concentrations of up to 80 mM were obtained at low residence times (1–4 min). Up to 360 reactor cycles were performed at constant product release and near‐theoretical utilization of the O2 supplied. Therefore, we show that the pressurized microreactor is practical embodiment of a general reaction‐engineering concept for process intensification in enzymatic conversions requiring O2 as the cosubstrate.
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in response to the changing environment of a batch culture
Authors: Hernandez Inmaculada , Dhiman Heena , Klanert Gerald , Jadhav Vaibhav , Auer Norbert , Hanscho Michael , Baumann Martina , Esteve‐Codina Anna , Dabad Marc , Gómez Jessica , Alioto Tyler , Merkel Angelika , Raineri Emanuele , Heath Simon , Rico Daniel , Borth Nicole 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe existence of dynamic cellular phenotypes in changing environmental conditions is of major interest for cell biologists who aim to understand the mechanism and sequence of regulation of gene expression. In the context of therapeutic protein production by Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, a detailed temporal understanding of cell‐line behavior and control is necessary to achieve a more predictable and reliable process performance. Of particular interest are data on dynamic, temporally resolved transcriptional regulation of genes in response to altered substrate availability and culture conditions. In this study, the gene transcription dynamics throughout a 9‐day batch culture of CHO cells was examined by analyzing histone modifications and gene expression profiles in regular 12‐ and 24‐hr intervals, respectively. Three levels of regulation were observed: (a) the presence or absence of DNA methylation in the promoter region provides an ON/OFF switch; (b) a temporally resolved correlation is observed between the presence of active transcription‐ and promoter‐specific histone marks and the expression level of the respective genes; and (c) a major mechanism of gene regulation is identified by interaction of coding genes with long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), as observed in the regulation of the expression level of both neighboring coding/lnc gene pairs and of gene pairs where the lncRNA is able to form RNA–DNA–DNA triplexes. Such triplex‐forming regions were predominantly found in the promoter or enhancer region of the targeted coding gene. Significantly, the coding genes with the highest degree of variation in expression during the batch culture are characterized by a larger number of possible triplex‐forming interactions with differentially expressed lncRNAs. This indicates a specific role of lncRNA‐triplexes in enabling rapid and large changes in transcription. A more comprehensive understanding of these regulatory mechanisms will provide an opportunity for new tools to control cellular behavior and to engineer enhanced phenotypes.
Proposing simulation model for multi‐wavelength source offering 40 Gbps WDM‐PON using AWG with a single laser
Authors: Ullah Rahat , Bo Liu , Ullah Sibghat , Yaya Mao , Tian Feng , Xiangjun Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, A new simulation model is proposed and implemented for cost effective optical line terminal (OLT) arrangements for wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM‐PON). The conventional setup at OLT side is replaced with a new arrangement containing single laser source in cascade with phase modulator and arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), whereas the phase modulator is tailored with one RF source. The phase modulator generates multicarrier signal and AWG splits the signal into multiple single wavelengths based on its routing configurations. AWG is actually used as a passing band periodical filter that routs the input wavelengths to four different wavelengths depending on its free spectral range, the frequency spacing between the generated wavelengths is 20 GHz. Across each routed wavelength, differential phase shift keying is used in downlink transmission for 10 Gbps, while intensity modulation is employed in the uplink transmission based on off‐keying. 40 Gbps full duplex transmission via 20 km fiber span is successfully achieved with minimum power loss and effective results. At ONU side, optical splitters divides the signal into two, half power of the signal is used in demodulation at ONU while half of the power is utilized for the uplink transmission, this way colorless transmission is achieved. Transmission performances are examined with negligible power penalties, better Q‐factors, and handsome eye openings, which confirm the deployment of proposed arrangement in the next generation access network. The proposed model is successfully implemented in the simulation environment provided by OptiSystem.
Volatile Composition and Biological Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil from Zanthoxylum limoncello Grown in Oaxaca, México
Authors: Villa‐Ruano Nemesio , Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Zárate‐Reyes José Alejo , Cruz‐Durán Ramiro , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractZanthoxylum limoncello is a native plant from southern Mexico which is used as a timber source, condiment and as a traditional medicine. Herein, we report on the volatile content of the leaf essential oil and its biological activities. The annual essential oils (2015–2018) contained volatile organic compounds which exhibited a moderate growth inhibitory activity against H. pylori ATCC 53504 (MIC 121.4–139.7 μg mL−1), 26695 (MIC 85.5–94.9 μg mL−1) and J99 (MIC 94.7–110.4 μg mL−1). These hydrodistillates contained 2‐undecanone (31.6–36.8 %; MIC 185.3–199.2 μg mL−1) and 2‐undecenal (25.1–35.7 %; MIC 144.8–111.3 μg mL−1) as the most abundant compounds which were partially involved in the anti‐H. pylori activity. The human ornithine decarboxylase enzyme (ODC1), which shows increased activity in several cancer types, was non‐competitively inhibited (Vmax 2.7>0.8 Kcat s−1) by the essential oil of Z. limoncello as well as by 2‐undecanone and 2‐undecenal in accordance to in vitro kinetic studies. In silico calculations strongly suggest that the carbonyl group of these oxygenated hydrocarbons interacts with both Asn319 and Ala39 at the subunit A of ODC1. Considering that Ala39 is located close to Asn44, a crucial amino acid of the ODC's allosteric site, the non‐competitive inhibition of the enzyme by 2‐undecanone and 2‐undecenal is endorsed. Finally, the essential oil of Z. limoncello and its main volatiles showed a significant (p<0.01) and prolonged repellent effect against Aedes aegypti.
Manipulating DNA G‐Quadruplex Structures by Using Guanosine Analogues
Authors: Haase Linn , Karg Beatrice , Weisz Klaus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ability to control the folding topology of DNA G‐quadruplexes allows for rational design of quadruplex‐based scaffolds for potential use in various therapeutic and technological applications. By exploiting the distinct conformational properties of some base‐ and sugar‐modified guanosine surrogates, conformational transitions can be induced through their judicious incorporation at specific sites in the quadruplex core. Changes may involve tetrad polarity inversions with conservation of the global fold or complete refolding to new topologies. Reliable predictions relating to low‐energy conformers formed upon specific chemical perturbations of the system and the rational design of modified sequences suffer from our still limited understanding of the subtle interplay of various favorable and unfavorable interactions within a particular quadruplex scaffold. However, aided by an increasing number of systematic substitution experiments and high‐resolution structures of modified quadruplex variants, critical interactions, in addition to glycosidic bond angle propensities, are starting to emerge as important contributors to modification‐driven quadruplex refolding.