bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: MULYATNI Agustin Sri , BUDIANI Asmini , TANIWIRYONO Darmono 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), one of the most important export commodities from Indonesia, is widely planted with current total area of 1.6 million Ha, producing 500.000 metric tons of dry bean in 2011 . At the time of harvest, instead of seed approximately the same volume cacao husk is produced. The aim of the study was to assess the potential of cocoa husk extract as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cocoa husk extract to the three test bacteria. Extraction of cocoa husk conducted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Analysis of antibacterial activity was done by paper disc diffusion method. Completely Randomized Design of single factor presentage that is extract concentration of 0; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; and 64% (g/mL) with three replicans were applied.The results showed that the extract of cocoa pod husk has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli with the MIC are 8% (g/ mL), 16% (g/ mL), and 32% (g/ mL) respectively.AbstrakKakao (Theobroma cacao L.), salah satu komoditi ekspor terpenting Indonesia, ditanam secara luas dengan total luasan 1,6 juta Ha, menghasilkan 500.000 ton biji kering pada tahun 2011. Di samping biji sebagai hasil utama, pada saat panen juga dihasilkan kulit buah dengan volume yang hampir sama dengan biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi ekstrak kulit buah kakao sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, dan Staphylococcus aureusserta menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak kulit buah kakao terhadap ketiga bakteri uji. Ekstraksi kulit buah kakao dilakukan dengan metode Maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Analisis aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram kertas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal konsen-trasi ekstrak, yaitu 0; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; dan 64% (g/mL), masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah kakao berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. aureus, B. subtilis dan E. coli, dengan KHM berturut-turut adalah 8% (g/mL), 16% (g/mL), dan 32% (g/mL).
Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce reducing sugar and its kinetic Hidrolisis enzimatik tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan gula pereduksi dan kinetikanya
Authors: BARLIANTI Vera , DAHNUM Deliana , MURYANTO . , TRIWAHYUNI Eka , ARISTIAWAN Yosi , SUDIYANI Yanni 
Published: September 2018

Abstrak Sebagai salah satu Negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO), Indonesia juga menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah besar. TKKS terdiri dari-tiga-komponen utama, yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Pengolahan awal TKKS secara alkalindi ikuti dengan hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik menggunakan kombinasi enzim selulase dan β-glukosidase akan menghasilkan gula-gula yang mudah difermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi substrat, kon-sentrasi enzim, dan suhu selama proses hidrolisis berlangsung. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gula maksimum (194,78 g/L) dicapai pada konsentrasi TKKS 20% (b/v), konsentrasi campuran enzim yang terdiri dari selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase sebesar 3,85% (v/v), dan suhu 50oC. Perbandingan antara selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase adalah 5:1 dengan masing-masing aktivitas enzim sebesar 144.5 FPU/mL dan 63 FPU/mL. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika yang sesuai untuk proses hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik adalah model kinetika Shen dan Agblevor dengan reakside aktivasi enzim orde satu. Hasil ini mendukung studi kelayakan ekonomi dalam pemanfaatan TKKS untuk produksi bioetanol.AbstractAs one of the crude palm oil producers, Indonesia also produces empty fruit bunches (EFB)in large quantities. The oil palm EFB consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Alkaline pretreatment of EFB, followed by enzymatic hydro-lysis of cellulose using combination of cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes produce fermentable sugars. This paper reported the effects of substrate loading, enzyme concentration, and temperature of hydrolysis process on reducing sugar production. The maximum sugar concentration (194.78 g/L) was produced at 50oC using 20% (w/v) EFB and 3.85% (v/v) mixed enzymes of cellulase and β-1,4 glucosidase in volume ratio of 5:1 (v/v), with enzyme activity of 144.5 FPU/mL and 63 FPU/mL, respectively. The results also showed that the suitable kinetic model for enzymatic hydrolysis process of oil palm EFB follow Shen and Agblevor model with first order of enzyme deactivation. These results support the economic feasibility study in utilization of EFB of oil palm for bioethanol production.
Evaluasi varietas, sumber eksplan dan strain Agrobacterium terhadap keberhasilan transformasi tebu dengan gen P5CS Evaluation of varieties, explant sources, and Agrobacterium strains for successful sugarcane transformation using P5CS gene
Authors: MINARSIH Hayati , SUBIYARTI Dwi , RIYADI Imron , PUTRA Soekarno Mismana , AMBARSARI Laksmi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract Genetic transformation can be used as an alter-native to develop sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) tolerant to drought stress. P5CS gene has a role in biosynthesis of proline, an amino acid that accumulated under drought stress conditions. Transfer of a P5CS gene construct into plant cells in conjunction with regeneration of transgenic plantlets may develop sugarcane tolerant to drought stress. The aim of this research was to obtain an optimal transformation method which includes a suitable strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the best sugarcane explant and variety. The results showed that transfer of P5CS gene has been successfully carried out on sugarcane explants from solid media-derived calli, embryogenic calli and somatic embryos derived from temporary immersion system (TIS) culture. Whilst Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 was indicated as the most effective transformation vector. The regeneration of Kidang Kencana variety transformants from calli and somatic embryos was better than those of PS 881 and PS 891. The best performance of transformants based on the source of explants obtained from somatic embryos from TIS culture. Moreover, a succesfull Agrobacterium mediated transformation on sugarcane was indicated by transient expression of Gus gene and the ability of the transformants grew in a selection medium containing 50 ppm of kanamycin.Abstrak Transformasi genetik dapat digunakan sebagai upaya untuk merakit tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Gen P5CS diketahui berperan dalam biosintesis prolin, yaitu asam amino yang umumnya terakumulasi ketika tanaman mengalami cekaman kekeringan. Transfor-masi gen P5CS dan regenerasi transgeniknya mungkin dapat menghasilkan tanaman tebu trans-genik yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan metode transformasi yang optimum yang mencakup strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens yang sesuai, sumber eksplan dan varietas tebu terbaik sebagai target transformasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi gen P5CS telah berhasil dilakukan ke eksplan tebu baik yang berupa kalus asal media padat maupun kalus embriogenik dan embrio somatik asal kultur sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS). Sementara itu strain A. tumefaciens LBA4404 menunjukkan hasil yang paling efektif sebagai vektor transformasi. Pertumbuhan transforman baik pada kalus maupun embrio somatik pada varietas Kidang Kencana terlihat paling baik dibandingkan dengan varietas PS 881 dan PS 891. Sumber eksplan yang paling efektif adalah embrio somatik yang diperoleh dari kultur SPS. Keberhasilan transformasi tebu me-lalui Agrobacterium ditunjukkan oleh ekspresi transien dari gen GUS dan kemampuan dari trans-forman untuk tumbuh di media yang mengandung 50 ppm kanamisin.
Sintesis reagen imunokimia untuk deteksi okratoksin dengan metode imunokromatografik nanopartikel emas Synthesis of immunochemical reagent for ochratoxin detection using gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic method
Authors: KRESNAWATY Irma , MARYAM Romsyah , SUHARYANTO . , HUDIYONO Sumi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract The quality of Indonesiam coffee andcocoa products has been declined due to the contamination of fungi producing ochratoxin, a serious human mycotoxin. Therefore, develop-ment of fast, accurate and simple method for early detection of ochratoxin contamination is required. As a part of research attempted to develop early detection technique of ochratoxin in severall commodities, especially agricultural products, the objective of this study was to produce immunochemical reagent for ochratoxin detectionusing immunoglobulin Y (IgY) based on immunochromatographic method. Results showed that OTA-OVA could be synthesized using active ester method with addition of N-hydroxy-succiimide and dicyclocarboimide. The inter-mediate compound produced showed C=O stretching vibrational band at 1600 cm-1 and C-O stretching vibrational band at 1300-1000 cm-1. Antibody-gold nanoparticle conjugate was optimally produced at pH 9 and with antibody dilution of 1:7.5 (v/v). There was 50 nm absorb-tion shift in visible absorbtion after the antibody was conjugated with gold nanoparticle. Even though the test strip did not show clear visual-ization, the cut off of ochratoxin concentrationis obviously determined at 10 ppb. This results suggest thatthe technique could be used to detect ochratoxin contamination. Abstrak Komoditas kopi dan kakao Indonesia ter-kendala masalah mutu produk yang rendah akibat kontaminasi jamur yang menghasilkan okra-toksin. Okratoksin merupakan mikotoksin yang membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, cara deteksi dini kontaminasi okratoksin yang cepat, akurat dan mudah perlu dikembangkan. Sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk mengembangkan teknik deteksi dini okratoksin pada pada berbagai komoditas, khususnya produk pertanian, pene-litian ini bertujuan menghasilkan reagen imuno-kimia yang menggunakan antibodi immune-globulin Y (IgY) berdasarkan metode imunokro-matografik untuk deteksi okratoksin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa OTA-OVA dapat disintesis dengan metode ester aktif dengan menambahkan N-hidroksisuksiimida dan disiklo-karboimida. Senyawa antara yang dihasilkan memiliki absorpsi pada frekuensi 1600 cm-1 yang menunjukkan adanya vibrasi ulur ikatan C=O dan adanya banyak absorpsi pada 1300-1000 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya serapan ulur yang kuat ikatan C-O. Konjugat antibodi-nanopartikel emas dihasilkan optimum pada pH 9 dan dengan pengenceran antibodi 1:7,5 (v/v). Hasil pengujian spektrofotometer visible menunjukkan adanya pergeseran serapan sebesar 50 nm setelah anti-bodi dikonjugasikan pada nanopartikel emas. Meskipun secara visual tidak begitu jelas, tetapi hasil pengujian pada teststrip menunjukkan bahwa nilai cut off konsentrasi okratoksin yang terdeteksi adalah10 ppb. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik yang dikembangkan dapat diguna-kan untuk deteksi kontaminasi okratoksin.
Asymptomatic Post-Traumatic Rupture of the Right Diaphragm Dome
Authors: Losik E. A. , Fadeeva M. V. , Shchegelsky V. V. , Rzaev R. T. , Stepanov A. V. , Puzakov K. B. , Skhirtladze M. R. 
Published: September 2018

Aim.  This paper is aimed at presenting the materials of clinical observations associated with diagnosing rare-occurring ruptures of the right dome of the diaphragm that have been overlooked for a long period.Results.  A 61-year-old man was admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure. Chest radiograph revealed a high position of the right dome of the diaphragm. Computed tomography revealed a defect in the central parts of the diaphragm on the right, the liver was rotated outward with its visceral surface deployed anteriorly and upward. In the right thoracic cavity, anterior to the liver, were the loops of the intestine and the outlet of the stomach.More than 30 years before, the patient had experienced an explosive trauma, which might have caused a rupture in the right dome of the diaphragm. A 70-year-old man, a smoker with a ten-year history of hypertension, was hospitalized with an increase in dyspnea, a cough with the discharge of purulent sputum, the feeling of heaviness behind the sternum. Chest radiograph revealed a high standing of the right dome of the diaphragm at the level of 3rd rib with a decrease in the volume of the right lung, and an increase in cardiac silhouette (cardiothoracic index 0.64). Computed tomography revealed a high standing of the right dome of the diaphragm as well as the compression of the middle and lower lobe of the right lung with the presence of compression atelectasis. The liver was rotated, displaced into the right thoracic cavity, the deformation of the inferior vena cava to the right was visualized due to the displacement and rotation of the liver. The consolidated fractures of 10th–12th ribs on the right were visualized. The patient had had a chest injury resulting from a traffic accident about 15 years before, with no X-ray examination having been conducted at that time.Conclusion.  In the case of left-sided diaphragm ruptures, which are much more frequent than the right-sided ones, the stomach, large and small intestines as well as spleen are displaced into the thoracic cavity. In the case of rightsided diaphragm ruptures, the liver and gallbladder are displaced into the thoracic cavity. Right-sided posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernias that are not diagnosed at the time of injury or trauma and continue to be asymptomatic for a number of years are very rare. The sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography for the diagnosis of diaphragm ruptures is 61–87 % and 72–100 %, respectively. In an acute period, the treatment of diaphragm ruptures is surgical. However, in long-term asymptomatic ruptures, expectant management is possible, particularly if the risk of surgical treatment is high.
Maternal Serum Uric Acid as an Index of Perinatal Outcomes in Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Yassin Khalil Rozhan , Saber Muhammed Awat 
Published: September 2018

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder characterized by gestational hypertension after the 20th week of gestation with proteinuria, is common and dangerous adverse event of pregnancy. Several studies reported relationship between uric acid concentrations and severity of disease in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to explore the relation between serum uric acid level and perinatal outcomes. A case–control study conducted in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from January 2014 to July 2014. Included 100 pregnant women in third trimester with signs and symptoms of labour, who had no comorbid diseases. Grouped to 30 control without hypertension, 30 with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and 40 with severe preeclampsia based on clinical and laboratory evaluation. SPSS v21 was used for obtain mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage. One way ANOVA test used to obtain P value with consider <0.05 significant value. Results show serum uric acid mean and standard deviation (±SD) for control, PIH and severe preeclampsia groups were (5.83 ± 9.544), (4.35 ± 1.372) and (7.59 ± 0.508) respectively. The positive and significant (˂ 0.001) correlation coefficient was found between high serum uric acid level and oligohydramnios, low birth weight and low Apgar score. The highest level of serum uric acid was recorded in preeclampsia group and the lowest level was in PIH group. Significant and adverse perinatal outcomes relation were noted in the patients with high serum uric acid (>7 mg/dl); decreased amniotic fluid index (AFI), caused low birth weight and low Apgar score. In

conclusion that severity of illness in pregnant preeclampsia cases can be estimated by serum uric acid level and high serum uric acid indicate high risk cases. Maternal serum uric acid is a useful index for estimate fetal health status and predict neonate outcomes.
Os mercadores da educação e as concepções empresariais presentes nos programas de educação integral
Authors: Souza Marilsa Miranda de , Soares Gabriel Henrique Miranda 
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as concepções teóricas dos programas de educação integral no Brasil enquanto orientações e formulações dos organismos internacionais e do setor privado. Estes, com o discurso de melhorar a qualidade da educação, colocaram na agenda das políticas públicas a necessidade de ampliação da jornada escolar. Utilizou-se o método do materialismo histórico-dialético instrumentalizado na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, por meio da qual constatamos as parcerias com entidades do setor privado desde a etapa inicial até a implementação da política de educação integral. Destacam-se as ações do movimento Todos pela Educação (TPE) e suas proposições desde o Plano de Metas Compromisso Todos pela Educação à implantação do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE) e as políticas dele decorrentes. As concepções dos programas de educação integral, reproduzidas por meio da Pedagogia das Competências, contemplam os postulados das pedagogias liberais pós-modernas e dissemina a ideologia do Terceiro Setor em conceitos empresariais como empoderamento, empreendedorismo, economia solidária, etc., com o objetivo de formar trabalhadores como capital humano, adaptados às demandas do sistema produtivo. Palavras-chave: Educação integral. Concepções empresariais. Pedagogias das competências.
Patronato agrícola “Visconde de Mauá”: da sua origem ao IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Inconfidentes
Authors: Boas Antônio Carlos Vilas , Sanfelice José Luis 
Published: September 2018

A história é uma ciência fundamental para a análise da sociedade. Através dela é possível reconhecer os esforços de muitos homens que lutaram para dialogar com o tempo e realizaram grandes feitos contribuindo com o desenvolvimento da humanidade. No que diz respeito ao aspecto educacional não é diferente. A educação é condição essencial não só para a ampliação do conhecimento, mas, sobretudo, para uma construção social. Assim através de uma análise documental pode-se levantar historicamente, a trajetória do Patronato Agrícola “Visconde de Mauá” até a origem do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) - Campus Inconfidentes. Pode ser verificado que o desenvolvimento do município de Inconfidentes, sul de Minas Gerais, está entrelaçado com a história educacional, ofertada ao longo do tempo que permitiu não só formar os jovens para a sociedade, mas, contribuiu significantemente para que o município se destacasse como um polo importante na área educacional. Palavras-chave: História. Evolução. Educação. IFSULDEMINAS.
“Traducciones locales de la inclusión educativa para jóvenes y adultos: un estudio en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina”
Authors: Bowman María Alejandra 
Published: September 2018

Este artículo expone resultados de una tesis doctoral sobre un programa de empleo para jóvenes desarrollado en la provincia de Córdoba, desde su componente de finalización de estudios obligatorios. También recupera análisis realizados en el marco de un estudio posdoctoral que aborda las políticas de inclusión educativa en Argentina. Estos estudios utilizaron una metodología cualitativa de corte etnográfico. En el artículo se desarrolla un abordaje general sobre las políticas orientadas a la inclusión educativa en Argentina entre 2003 y 2015, las principales transformaciones producidas a partir del principio de inclusión social y su traducción política a través de múltiples normativas en el ámbito educativo. En ese marco, se realiza una aproximación a la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos y su articulación a un programa de empleo. Seguidamente, se describen las principales problemáticas que emergieron en torno a la inclusión educativa desde una experiencia concreta en una escuela de jóvenes y adultos. Palabras claves: Inclusión Educativa. Jóvenes. Adultos.
The Influence of Excipients on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of a Bactericidal, Labile Ester Prodrug in a Salt Form – A Case Study of Cefetamet Pivoxil Hydrochloride
Authors: Dzitko Jakub , Zalewski Przemyslaw , Szymanowska Daria , Garbacki Piotr , Paczkowska Magdalena , Piontek Judyta Cielecka 
Published: September 2018

The article presents an innovative approach to a bactericidal drug design based on a cephem prodrug analogue – cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride. The emergence of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride excipient systems (mannitol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, pregelatinised starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone) caused changes in the physicochemical properties of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride. They are significant for planning the development of an innovative pharmaceutical formulation. The biological activity profile of the prodrug was also modified. FTIR spectra were used to study interactions between cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and the excipients. The theoretical approach to the analysis of experimental spectra enabled precise indication of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride domains responsible for interaction with the excipients. The interactions between cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and the excipients resulted in some important physicochemical modifications: acceptor fluid-dependent changes in solubility and the dissolving rate as well as a decrease in the chemical stability of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride in the solid state, especially during thermolysis. The interactions between cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and the excipients also had biologically essential effects. There were changes in its permeability through artificial biological membranes simulating the gastrointestinal tract, which depended on the pH value of the acceptor solution. Cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride combined with the excipient systems exhibited greater bactericidal potential against Staphylococcus aureus. Its bactericidal potential against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis doubled. The new approach provides an opportunity to develop treatment of resistant bacterial infections. It will enable synergy between the excipient and the pharmacological potential of an active pharmaceutical substance with modified physicochemical properties induced by the drug carrier.
Spatiotemporal bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper metals in Lettuce Sea Ulva lactuca harvest in two Algerian west coasts
Authors: Abi-Ayad Linda , Ghezlaoui Sidi-Mohammed Bahae-Ddine , Belkhouche Nassereddine , Aguado José Morillo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This work brings an evaluation of the quality of littoral zone of Algerian in two neighbouring port coasts, namely, Honaine and Beni Saf, chosen as significant discharge sites. This was followed by a comparison of the state of these coasts with those of the Mediterranean coastal areas. The study was conducted in all seasons in the year 2011−2012 by measuring the hydrological physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity and salinity) and using sea lettuce Ulva lactuca as significant ‘biomarker of the quantity of metal contaminants (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn)’. Harvesting of Ulva and the seawater samples were performed in each season in three stations, characterised by discharges of waste and industrial water and saline discharges from the recent installation of desalination in Honaine. The metal concentrations in seawater showed significant variations between stations and the harvest season, resulting in the appearance of pollution of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn. Also this result was manifested in Ulva in the station S1 (Beni Saf) and S2 (Honaine-beach) with the exception of copper. These results have exceeded tolerable international standards.