bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MoOx/Au Schottky‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistors and Their Fast Inverters
Authors: Lan Yang , Hu Chao , Deng Hui , Sun Lulu , Yuan Shengjie , Wang Jing , Yu Xiangxiang , Yang Xiaokun , Zhou Yinhua , Song Haisheng , Huang Xintang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered to have high potential for application in consumer electronics. For such applications, they require low threshold, fast operation, and simple fabrication processes. Previously reported 2D TMD metal–insulator–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MISFETs) usually suffer from high operating voltages and interfacial trap‐induced scattering as their dielectric layer reduces the applied gate voltage and introduces interfacial defects. In order to avoid such problems, 2D MoS2‐based Schottky‐gated metal–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MESFETs) are developed. Such devices rely on the newly developed MoOx/Au gate electrode. They obtain superior transport mobility, up to 160 cm2 V−1 s−1, compared to an equivalent channel back‐gated MISFET, which only reaches 6.9 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, the back electric field is utilized to tune the on–off current, SS, and threshold voltage of the MESFET to adapt to different operation requirements. In an integrated prototype device, a MESFET‐based inverter exhibits a faster switching behavior than a mirrored inverter driven by a MISFET. This work provides a reliable strategy for high‐performance MESFET devices, which may expand the 2D material device applications into future consumer electronics.
Bilayered Oxide‐Based Cognitive Memristor with Brain‐Inspired Learning Activities
Authors: Xiong Wen , Zhu Li Qiang , Ye Cong , Yu Fei , Ren Zheng Yu , Ge Zi Yi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, neuromorphic devices have attracted great attention due to their potential to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. Due to their nonlinear electrical characteristics and nonvolatile resistance, memristors have been proposed for use in neuromorphic device applications. Bilayered HfO2/TiOx‐based cognitive memristors are proposed. They demonstrate conductance‐modulation capabilities at low operation voltage. Moreover, they can be used to mimic the learning behaviors of biological synapses. The multistore memory model of the brain is exhibited. Furthermore, four types of spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity leaning rules are mimicked by modulating the pre‐ and postsynaptic spikes. In addition, pattern learning and memory behaviors are mimicked. These results indicate that the Pt/HfO2/TiOx/TiN cognitive memristor has potential for applications in neuromorphic platforms.
Comonomer effect: Switching the lower critical solution temperature to upper critical solution temperature in thermo‐pH sensitive binary graft copolymers
Authors: Pino‐Ramos Victor H. , Cedillo Gerardo , López‐Barriguete Eduardo , Bucio Emilio 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTHydrophilic biocompatible surfaces can be obtained by grafting stimuli‐sensitive polymers onto commercially available medical devices. Thermo and pH‐responsive polymers are two of the most studied materials due to their potential application as drug delivery systems. Poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) near to physiological temperature. However, when it is grafted with pH‐sensitive moieties its LCST it is affected undergoing remarkable displacements. We studied the effect of acrylic acid (AAc), 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP), and 1‐vinylimidazole (Vim) on the LCST of N‐vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) grafted onto silicone rubber (SR), and SR‐g‐NVCL (32.5 °C). The binary graft copolymers were obtained by ionizing grafting radiation using the simultaneous technique; the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR), cross‐polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C‐NMR), and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). LCST value was dramatically affected by the comonomer content; even it was observed the switching from LCST to upper critical solution temperature (UCST) for (SR‐g‐NVCL)‐g‐AAc and (SR‐g‐NVCL)‐g‐4VP samples. The observed behavior is rarely reported for binary graft copolymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48170.
Mechanical properties and in vitro degradation behavior of additively manufactured phosphate glass particles/fibers reinforced polylactide
Authors: He Lizhe , Zhong Jiahui , Zhu Chenkai , Liu Xiaoling 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPhosphate glass/polylactide (PG/PLA) composites were additively manufactured via fused deposition modeling. The incorporation of 10 wt % PG particles improved the flexural modulus of composites by ~14% (3.53 GPa) but led to 5% reduction in flexural strength (92.4 MPa). The trend was more pronounced as the particle loading doubled. Comparing to a particulate composite of the same weight fraction, milled PG fibers (PGFs) reinforcement led to more effectively improved flexural modulus (~30%, 4.10 GPa). After 28 days of in vitro degradation in phosphate buffered saline, the particulate composites lost more than 30% of their initial mechanical properties, in contrast to less than 10% reduction of strength/modulus reported from fiber reinforced composites. The additively manufactured PG/PLA matrix composites have potential for application as customized bone fixation plates to repair the fractures under modest load‐bearing applications. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48171.
Photo‐/Baso‐Chromisms and the Application of a Dual‐Addressable Molecular Switch
Authors: Liu Danyang , Yu Binhong , Su Xing , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Li Minjie , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo typical molecular switches of spiropyran (SP) and benzoxazine (OX) were fused by sharing an indole to achieve a new dual‐addressable molecular switch (SP‐OX‐NO2). Through proper molecular modification with NO2, the transformation from merocyanine (MC) to ring‐closed SP or ring‐closed OX can be controlled separately with visible light or base stimuli in solution, respectively, and these processes are verified by UV‐vis and NMR spectroscopy as well as control experiments. The cis‐merocyanine (cis‐MC) form is involved in the basochromic process in solution. DFT calculation suggests that the bidirectional switching property of the fused SP‐OX molecular switch can be controlled separately, when the OX isomer is more stable than the deprotonated SP isomer. Because of the significant color variations in solution, the simple dual‐addressable switch has been further successfully applied to construct a multicolor reversible display on paper.
Bioelectrochemistry–An Electrifying Experience Over 70 Years
Authors: Bollella Paolo , Santoro Carlo , Cristiani Pierangela , Atanassov Plamen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProfessor Lo Gunnar Otto Gorton (Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Sweden) was born on 29 July 1949, and he will turn 70 years old this summer. This Special Collection on Bioelectrochemistry is dedicated to Lo on this landmark occasion. This preface gives some personal insights into Lo′s career beyond the traditional academic perspective.
Oxidative Dehydrogenative [3+3] Annulation of Benzylhydrazines with Aziridines Leading to Tetrahydrotriazines
Authors: Li Haitao , Liang Jia , Huo Congde 
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionOxidative dehydrogenative [3+3] annulation of benzylhydrazines with N‐sulfonylaziridines is described. A series of complex tetrahydro‐1,2,4‐triazines were produced under mild reaction conditions.
Refactoring for introducing and tuning parallelism for heterogeneous multicore machines in Erlang
Authors: Janjic Vladimir , Brown Christopher , Barwell Adam , Hammond Kevin 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper presents semi‐automatic software refactorings to introduce and tune structured parallelism in sequential Erlang code, as well as to generate code for running computations on GPUs and possibly other accelerators. Our refactorings are based on the lapedo framework for programming heterogeneous multi‐core systems in Erlang. lapedo is based on the PaRTE refactoring tool and also contains (1) a set of hybrid skeletons that target both CPU and GPU processors, (2) novel refactorings for introducing and tuning parallelism, and (3) a tool to generate the GPU offloading and scheduling code in Erlang, which is used as a component of hybrid skeletons. We demonstrate, on four realistic use‐case applications, that we are able to refactor sequential code and produce heterogeneous parallel versions that can achieve significant and scalable speedups of up to 220 over the original sequential Erlang program on a 24‐core machine with a GPU.
Influences of two coexisting endosymbionts, CI‐inducing Wolbachia and male‐killing Spiroplasma, on the performance of their host Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Sanada‐Morimura Sachiyo , Huang Shou‐Horng , Tokuda Makoto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is reported to have the endosymbiont Wolbachia, which shows a strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) between infected males and uninfected females. In the 2000s, female‐biased L. striatellus populations were found in Taiwan, and this sex ratio distortion was the result of male‐killing induced by the infection of another endosymbiont, Spiroplasma. Spiroplasma infection is considered to negatively affect both L. striatellus and Wolbachia because the male‐killing halves the offspring of L. striatellus and hinders the spread of Wolbachia infection via CI. Spiroplasma could have traits that increase the fitness of infected L. striatellus and/or coexisting organisms because the coinfection rates of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma were rather high in some areas. In this study, we investigated the influences of the infection of these two endosymbionts on the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus in the laboratory. Our results show that the single‐infection state of Spiroplasma had a negative influence on the fertility of L. striatellus, while the double‐infection state had no significant influence. At late nymphal and adult stages, the abundance of Spiroplasma was lower in the double‐infection state than in the single‐infection state. In the double‐infection state, the reduction of Spiroplasma density may be caused by competition between the two endosymbionts, and the negative influence of Spiroplasma on the fertility of host may be relieved. The resistance of L. striatellus to four insecticides was compared among different infection states of endosymbionts, but Spiroplasma infection did not contribute to increase insecticide resistance. Because positive influences of Spiroplasma infection were not found in terms of the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus, other factors improving the fitness of Spiroplasma‐infected L. striatellus may be related to the high frequency of double infection in some L. striatellus populations.
From plant fungi to bee parasites: mycorrhizae and soil nutrients shape floral chemistry and bee pathogens
Authors: Davis Julie K. , Aguirre Luis A. , Barber Nicholas A. , Stevenson Philip C. , Adler Lynn S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBee populations have experienced declines in recent years, due in part to increased disease incidence. Multiple factors influence bee–pathogen interactions, including nectar and pollen quality and secondary metabolites. However, we lack an understanding of how plant interactions with their environment shape bee diet quality. We examined how plant interactions with the belowground environment alter floral rewards and, in turn, bee–pathogen interactions. Soil‐dwelling mycorrhizal fungi are considered plant mutualists, although the outcome of the relationship depends on environmental conditions such as nutrients. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, we asked whether mycorrhizal fungi and nutrients affect concentrations of nectar and pollen alkaloids (anabasine and nicotine) previously shown to reduce infection by the gut pathogen Crithidia in the native bumble bee Bombus impatiens. To ask how plant interactions affect this common bee pathogen, we fed pollen and nectar from our treatment plants, and from a wildflower pollen control with artificial nectar, to bees infected with Crithidia. Mycorrhizal fungi and fertilizer both influenced flowering phenology and floral chemistry. While we found no anabasine or nicotine in nectar, high fertilizer increased anabasine and nicotine in pollen. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) decreased nicotine concentrations, but the reduction due to AMF was stronger in high than low‐nutrient conditions. AMF and nutrients also had interactive effects on bee pathogens via changes in nectar and pollen. High fertilizer reduced Crithidia cell counts relative to low fertilizer in AMF plants, but increased Crithidia in non‐AMF plants. These results did not correspond with effects of fertilizer and AMF on pollen alkaloid concentrations, suggesting that other components of pollen or nectar were affected by treatments and shaped pathogen counts. Our results indicate that soil biotic and abiotic environment can alter bee–pathogen interactions via changes in floral rewards, and underscore the importance of integrative studies to predict disease dynamics and ecological outcomes.
Testing for family influences on obesity: The role of genetic nurture
Authors: Cawley John , Han Euna , Kim Jiyoon , Norton Edward C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA large literature has documented strong positive correlations among siblings in health, including body mass index (BMI) and obesity. This paper tests whether that is explained by a specific type of peer effect in obesity: genetic nurture. Specifically, we test whether an individual's weight is affected by the genes of their sibling, controlling for the individual's own genes. Using genetic data in Add Health, we find no credible evidence that an individual's BMI is affected by the polygenic risk score for BMI of their full sibling when controlling for the individual's own polygenic risk score for BMI. Thus, we find no evidence that the positive correlations in BMI between siblings are attributable to genetic nurture within families.
A direct regression approach to decomposing socioeconomic inequality of health
Authors: Kessels Roselinde , Erreygers Guido 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a new regression‐based decomposition of socioeconomic inequality of health that is more direct than other approaches. The method can be applied to both rank‐dependent and level‐dependent indicators of inequality. The response variable of our regression model is a simple reformulation of the measure of overall performance of an individual in the health and socioeconomic domains. Regression results are described in terms of marginal effects of the explanatory variables, but also in terms of their logworths or importance values. We illustrate our method, and compare it with alternatives, using Australian health and income data.
Modelling multiseasonal preferential transport of dissolved organic carbon in a shallow forest soil: Equilibrium versus kinetic sorption
Authors: Dusek Jaromir , Dohnal Michal , Vogel Tomas , Marx Anne , Barth Johannes A.C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractParameterization of transformation and transport processes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils is challenging especially under variable hydrological conditions. In this study, DOC concentrations in stormflow were analysed with a physically based modelling approach. A one‐dimensional dual‐continuum vertical flow and transport model was applied to simulate subsurface processes in a macroporous forest hillslope soil over a period of 4.5 years. Microbially mediated transformations of DOC were assumed to depend primarily on soil moisture and soil temperature. Two conceptually different descriptions of the sorption of DOC to soil were examined with equilibrium and kinetic approaches. In order to quantify the uncertainties associated with the model parameterization, Monte Carlo analyses in conjunction with Latin hypercube sampling was performed. Despite the complexity of microbial transformations, the simulated temporal patterns of DOC concentrations in stormflow showed similar behaviour to those reflected in the observed DOC fluxes. Due to preferential flow, the hillslope DOC export (5.0 ± 0.5 g C · m−2 · year−1) was higher than the amounts usually reported in the literature. Overall DOC transport in hillslope scenarios could be described appropriately using the equilibrium sorption assumption. The performed analyses showed that the inclusion of the kinetic description of DOC sorption only slightly improved the predictions of the DOC hillslope export. Moreover, influences of seasonal hydro‐climatological conditions on hillslope export of DOC could be observed. Reduced DOC transport during an extreme warm and dry summer was described with lower accuracy, thus indicating the difficulties in the representation of DOC transformations under dry conditions.
Transforming School Hallways Through Critical Inquiry: Multimodal Literacies for Civic Engagement
Authors: DeJaynes Tiffany , Curmi‐Hall Christopher 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe authors examined the research and activism of 10th graders (ages 15–16) involved in a youth participatory action research project in a course in qualitative research at their small public school in New York City, New York. The authors, a classroom researcher and a high school teacher, looked closely at how the youth researchers used photography, collage, and videography to transform their school hallways into a space for critical conversations about race and gender. The authors examined how the hallways became a civic space shaped by collective youth resistance, multimodal counterstories, and negotiated civic engagement.
Potentiometric, spectral characterization, and antioxidant activity studies of ternary complexes involving Cu(II) and carbamoylcholine chloride drug with amino acids
Authors: Al‐Onazi Wedad A. , Al‐Mohaimeed Amal M. , Almarhoon Zainab M. , Al‐Farraj Eida S. , Alothman Asma A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA potentiometric method was used to determine the stability constants for the various complexes of copper(II) with carbamoylcholine chloride (C) drug as a ligand in the presence of some biorelevant amino acid constituents like glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), valine (Val), proline (Pro), β‐phenylalanine (Phe), S‐methylcysteine (Met), threonine (Thr), ornithine (Orn), lysine (Lys), histidine (Hisd), histamine (Hist), and imidazole (Imz) as ligands (L). Stability constants of complexes were determined at 25°C and I = 0.10 mol/L NaNO3. The relative stability of each ternary complex was compared with that of the corresponding binary complexes in terms of Δlog K and % R.S. values. Cu(II) complexes of drug C were synthesized in 1:1 and 1:1:1 M ratios of copper to drug [Cu(C)(NO3)2] (1) and copper to drug to glycine[Cu(C)(Gly)(NO3)].NO3 (2), respectively. Glycine ternary complex with drug and copper [Cu(C)(Gly)(NO3)].NO3 was considered as representative amino acid. The complexes 1 and 2 were isolated and characterized using various physicochemical and spectral techniques. Both complexes 1 and 2 were found to have magnetic moments corresponding to one unpaired electron. The possible square planar and square‐pyramidal geometries of the copper (II) complexes were assigned on the basis of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and infrared (IR) spectral studies, and the discrete Fourier transform method from DMOL3 calculations. Antioxidant activities of all the synthesized compounds were also investigated.
New insights into the metagenomic link between pre‐treatment method, addition of an inoculum and biomethane yield during anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Roopnarain Ashira , Nkuna Rosina , Ndaba Busiswa , Adeleke Rasheed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a fast growing water weed that threatens the aquatic ecosystem and human activities, hence control of the plant is essential. One such control approach is to harvest and utilize hyacinth as a substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD). Various factors influence AD performance, including substrate pre‐treatment and microbial community composition, amongst others. This study was aimed at establishing the link between method of substrate pre‐treatment, microbial diversity, inoculum addition and biogas yield during AD of hyacinth.RESULTSThe addition of an inoculum resulted in microbial community stability and early biomethane production of up to 0.4 L irrespective of pre‐treatment method. However, cultures that lacked inoculum showed distinct microbial community structure variation in response to pre‐treatment method, and minimal early biomethane production (up to 0.1 L). Biogas produced by cultures lacking inoculum was initially mostly composed of carbon dioxide (up to 100% of total biogas), but as digestion proceeded, an increase in biomethane production was observed (up to 60% of total biogas), which correlated with the shift in microbial community structure and increased microbial diversity. This indicates the presence of biogas‐producing microorganisms associated with the collected hyacinth. Canonical correspondence analysis proved that dynamic changes in microbial community structure and biogas yield were strongly correlative.CONCLUSIONThis study proves that hyacinth pre‐treatment influences microbial community structure and concomitant biogas yield in the absence of an inoculum. The addition of an inoculum aids in stability of microbial community structure and biogas yield irrespective of method of hyacinth pre‐treatment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Real‐world data of Helicobacter pylori prevalence, eradication regimens, and antibiotic resistance in Thailand, 2013–2018
Authors: Shoosanglertwijit Rossanun , Kamrat Nuttamon , Werawatganon Duangporn , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Chaithongrat Supakarn , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: June 2019

Background and AimHelicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen. Nowadays, the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide. The latest prevalence rates of infection and resistant status in Thailand vary or are out of date. Our aims are to identify the current prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns in Thailand and to suggest regimens for treatment‐naive and ‐resistant patients.MethodsThis descriptive retrospective study was conducted, using a urea breath test, on patients in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between 2013 and 2017. They were categorized into the diagnostic group and posttreatment group. Specimens from some patients were cultured to identify the antibiotic‐resistant pattern.ResultsThere were 1894 patients included in our study. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients was 28.4%. Of 1258 patients, 1165 (92.61%) responded to initial treatment. The 95 patients who failed to respond could respond to second‐line treatment of longer period, at higher doses, or using other antibiotics (success rate 68.42%). There were 21.43, 14.29, and 10.71% of patients resistant to ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin, respectively. However, no patients resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin were found.ConclusionThe prevalence of H. pylori infection in Thailand has increased slightly. Initial regimens (triple therapy or sequential therapy or quadruple therapy) can be effective for the eradication of H. pylori infection, with a success rate of > 90%. For patients who failed to respond to initial triple therapy, using a longer duration of triple therapy or changing to quadruple therapy could be a good alternative. The resistance rates of amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and tetracycline are declining, but those of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin are increasing.