bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training teachers to teach bioethics: evaluation using Kirkpatrick model
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Bhandary Shital 
Published: May 2019

Bioethics helps define the values and guidelines governing decision making in health profession practice. Teaching ethics to medical students demand teachers trained in bioethics. With this aim, “Teachers Training Workshop on Bioethics” was arranged with the objective to get feedback from the participants on effectiveness of bioethics teaching. Twelve faculty members participated in four days Teachers Training Workshop on Bioethics during Dec 27-30, 2016, at Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Sixteen thematic topics were chosen from UNESCO Bioethics Core Curriculum. There were four rounds of presentations, and each round had four topics. Small group discussions, presentations and case scenarios were main methods used in the training. Written feedback was taken on semi-structured questionnaire with items- four closed ended and three open ended. Descriptive analysis was done.
The level of confidence of the participants after participation in training workshop enhanced for teaching Bioethics, taking ethical decision and resolving ethical dilemma. As per participants open ended responses, “Active participation of the participants” and “Interactive sessions” were good points whereas “More references required, not only of UNESCO curriculum” was the area for improvement. The training enhanced overall confidence level of the participants.
Histopathological spectrum of skin diseases in a tertiary skin health and referral centre
Authors: Adhikari Ram Chandra , Shah Mahesh , Jha Anjani Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Background: Skin diseases are very much prevalent in the developing countries. The pattern of skin diseases varies from country to country and even region to region within a country. The histological diagnosis is used by clinicians to aid in the management of patients & most appropriate clinical interventions.
Materials and methods: The study included a total of 1040 skin biopsies from January 2016 to December 2018 in the department of pathology, DI skin health and referral centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Results: The majority of the patients were in the age group of 31-40 years. The most common skin disease is non-infectious vesicobullous and vesicopustular disease (28.6%), followed by non-infectious erythematous papular and squamous disease (25.9%). The most common vesicobullous disease is spongiotic dermatitis (84.8%). Erythema dyschromicum perstans (31.8%) is the commonest non-infectious erythematous papular and squamous disease. The most common microbial disease is fungal infection, followed by leprosy. Among the neoplastic diseases of skin, tumors of epidermis are commonest diseases and the most common epidermal tumor is basal cell carcinoma. The commonest tumor of skin is melanocytic nevus. The most frequent site is upper extremities.
Conclusions: Eczema is predominating non-infectious vesicobullous and vesicopustular disease. A relatively higher, prevalence of fungal infections was observed. Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest epidermal tumor and melanocytic nevus is commonest of all skin tumors.
Artificial intelligence in surgical pathology
Authors: Aryal Gopi 
Published: May 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is machine intelligence that mimics human cognitive function. It denotes the intelligence presented by some artificial entities including computers and robots. In supervised learning, a machine is trained with data that contain pairs of inputs and outputs. In unsupervised learning, machines are given data inputs that are not explicitly programmed.1 Machine learning refines a model that predicts outputs using sample inputs (features) and a feedback loop. It relies heavily on extracting or selecting salient features, which is a combination of art and science (“feature engineering”). A subset of feature learning is deep learning, which harnesses neural networks modeled after the biological nervous system of animals. Deep learning discovers the features from the raw data provided during training. Hidden layers in the artificial neural network represent increasingly more complex features in the data. Convolutional neural network is a type of deep learning commonly used for image analysis.
Study of the state of readiness of pharmaceutical institutions of Ukraine for implementation of integrated quality systems
Authors: Ubohov S. H. , Trokhymchuk V. V. , Zagoriy G. V. , Fedorova L. O. 
Published: May 2019

One of the most promising ways to increase the efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises in the field of quality assurance of medicines is the introduction of integrated quality systems (IQS).
The aim of the work is to study of the state of readiness of pharmaceutical institutions (pharmaceutical warehouses, pharmacies) and hospital pharmaceutical services of Ukraine for the implementation of integrated quality systems.
The materials of the research are: scientific publications; regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; public reporting information of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control; information posted on professional specialized websites and official websites of pharmaceutical enterprises, hospitals, health departments of local government; information obtained in the process of direct observation and questionnaire survey. Research methods are: systematic review, generalization, observation, questionnaire survey, mathematical-statistical, graphical modeling.
The paper analyzes the availability of certificates of conformity to the requirements of good distribution practice (GDP) in wholesale pharmaceutical enterprises of Ukraine. The geography of the location of certified pharmaceutical warehouses in different regions of Ukraine is considered. In the context of the prospect of formation of IQS, the experience of a wholesale pharmaceutical company with respect to environmental, hygiene and safety and social responsibility is demonstrated. Based on the study of public information, the state of implementation of certified quality management systems (QMS) based on the standard ISO 9001 in pharmacies and hospitals of Ukraine is considered. The expediency of the development of the pharmaceutical IQS as an integral part of the overall QMS of the hospital is shown. Through the questionnaire survey of pharmacists, the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS based on the requirements of good practices and international standards in the field of quality, ecology, health and safety and social responsibility was explored. The state of implementation of good pharmaceutical practice (GPP), the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard, the risk management process for medicines quality, corrective and preventive actions has been studied in pharmacies. Positive tendencies and problems in the context of the readiness of pharmacies of Ukraine for the implementation of IQS have been established. Priority steps for improving the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS are identified.
The research results confirm that over the last years the pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine has made significant progress towards increasing the readiness of pharmaceutical institutions for the implementation of integrated quality systems.
Synthesis, diuretic activity research and QSAR-analysis of N-(1,3,4-tiadiazol-2-il)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids
Authors: Drapak І. V. 
Published: May 2019

Diuretics are effective drugs that are widely used in medicine, but have unwanted side effects. The derivative of thiadiazole – acetozolamide is a known diuretic. Therefore, the search for diuretics in this series and the establishment of quantitative «structure–activity» (QSAR) dependencies is appropriate.
The aim of the work was to synthesis N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted alkanes of alkanecarboxylic acids, study their diuretic activity, and QSAR analysis.
The objects of the study were N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted alkanes of alkanecarboxylic acids, obtained by the interaction of 2-amino-5-alkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole with the corresponding acylchlorides. Investigation of diuretic activity of synthesized compounds was carried out by the method of Berchin. Hyper-Chem and BuildQSAR software were used for calculation of molecular descriptors and QSAR-models.
Synthesis of 12 N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids, the structure of which was confirmed by PMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Studies of diuretic activity showed that the synthesized compounds had pronounced diuretic properties, and some of them according to activity indicators were approaching or exceeding comparative preparations. Compound N-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl) propionamide showed the best diuretic effect: increased daily diuresis in white rats, in comparison with intact control, in 2.47 times (p ≤ 0,001), in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide was in 1,6 times and acetazolamide was 1,75 times. The calculation of the molecular descriptors of N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids was conducted. Based on the calculated values of molecular descriptors and diuretic activity values of 12 synthesized compounds, a QSAR analysis was performed. Analysis of structure-diuretic activity showed the greatest influence of lipophilicity, energy parameters, spatial structure and size of the molecule. Moreover, diuretic activity increases with increasing logP, decreasing the refractive, volume and area of the molecule, increasing the energy of the higher occupied molecular orbital. Increasing the charge on the Sulfur atom of the thiadiazole ring and the Оxygen atom of the carbonyl group, reducing the angle between the Sulfur atoms, the Nitrogen of the amide group and the Oxygen, and increasing the angle between the Nitrogene atoms of the thiadiazole ring, the Oxygen and the Nitrogen of the amide group, also increases diuretic activity.
The results of the diuretic activity of the synthesized compounds N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids show the potential for the search for diuretic agents among 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. The resulting QSAR models will be used to modelling and prediction the activity of new potential diuretics.
Quality assurance strategy of pharmacy compounded drugs
Authors: Zdoryk O. A. 
Published: May 2019

Formulations and in-pharmacy preparation process of compounded drugs were being created for centuries, and seem to have no concerns regarding the quality, compatibility and stability during storage or usage. Taking in mind modern trends for quality assurance and standardization of drugs, quality of preparation process of compounded drugs can be proved by using of a systematic approach that is based on pharmaceutical quality systems. Variability of preparation conditions, preparation equipment from pharmacy to pharmacy, personal professional skills require the development of defined standards, rules and summarized the strategy of quality assurance of compounded drugs.
The aim of this paper was determination of critical factors and development of the design for quality assurance of compounded drugs.
The materials of this study were the regulative base of Ukraine, international documents, guidances and own investigations concerning the requirements for the preparation process and quality control of compounded drugs. The methods used were data systematical analysis, bibliosemantic and summary.
The achievement of good quality of compounded drugs can be present as a step-by-step process, that cover adherence to necessary preparation procedure and knowledge of peculiarities of drugs, process understanding, identification of risks and its evaluation, minimization and implementation of the quality management system for documentation, equipment and personnel. As a result of preparation schemes analysis, the critical factors were determined and the Fishbone diagram was proposed. The factors contributing to the general strategy of compounded drugs quality assurance, such as prescription analysis, personnel, regulative base, conditions of preparation process and equipment, documentation, dispensing, characteristics of active ingredients and additives, compounding design, preparation technology, containers and package, quality control, stability and labelling were determined. The proposed diagram of causes and effects can be used as a template for the identification and quantification of risks during preparation and quality control of compounded drugs.
The proposed general scheme for quality assurance is necessary for organization and optimization of monitoring preparation and quality control, implementation of remedial and preventive measures, tracking of causes, nonconformities, and prevention of its repetition, management of variables, determination of improvement possibilities and audit conducting.
Faktor-Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah
Authors: Febrina Lydia , Herdjanti Triana Sri , Nikmah Siti 
Published: May 2019

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is the proportion of live births weighing less than 2,500 grams and 20 times the chance of dying in infancy. LBW is the result of premature birth (<37 weeks' gestation) or impaired intrauterine growth. Neonatal mortality is one of the indicators determining the health and welfare of children. IMR in Banjarnegara Regency in 2015 was 13.23 per 1,000 live births which in absolute terms still ranked highest in Central Java Province. The formulation of the problem is risk factors of low birth weight at Karang Kobar Health Center in Banjarnegara Regency in 2018. This research is a descriptive analytic study using case control study design. The research sample was taken from the total number of LBW in January to December 2017. Data were analyzed univariate and bivariate. The results of the study, the factors associated with the incidence of LBW are the factors of maternal age during pregnancy, gestational age, anemia, and nutrition pregnant women.
Determination of Five Phthalate Esters and Bisphenol A in Fruit Juice by Packed-nanofiber Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography
Authors: Tang Zigang , Kang Tao , Kang Xuejun 
Published: May 2019

Packed-nanofiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was developed for the simultaneous determination of five phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) in fruit juice. The PAEs and BPA was concentrated by PFSPE using polystyrene- pyridine (PS-PD) nanofibers as the sorbent, followed determined by GC-FID. Under this modified procedure, satisfied recoveries in fruit juice sample ranging from 81.9% to 109.6% were obtained. And relative standard deviation values (RSD) were ranged from 1.9 % to 9.8% in orange juice sample. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) of five PAEs and BPA were ranged from 0.02 μg/mL to 0.30 μg/mL and 0.06 μg/L to 1.10 μg/L, respectively. This established method was successfully applied to detect real fruit juice samples, which were collected in local supermarket. These results demonstrated the applicability of the established PFSPE-based extraction coupled with gas chromatography method for determination of PAEs and BPA in fruit juice products.
Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) Level is Lower in Premature Rupture of Membrane
Authors: Radam Muhammad RA , Soetrisno Soetrisno , Respati Supriyadi H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective: To prove wheth er the levels of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) was lower in women experiencing premature rupture of membranes than in women with normal aterm pregnancy in order to explain occurrence of pregnancy premature rupture of membranes at termin biomolecular (Hsp70).
Method: This was an obse rvational resear ch and the study design was a cross-sectional study. The number of all samples was 60 women, divided into 2 groups and each group contained 30 women. Independ ent var iable: Heat Shock Protein 70 level, Depend ent var iable: Premature Rupture of Membrane. Data was analyzed by t test
Result: Based on matern al character istic on both groups, the mean levels of Hsp70 in serum of pr egnant women with PROM lower (0.36) compared to normal pregnant group (3.94) and this difference was statistically significant (p<O.OOl). Diagnostic valu e of the power levels of Hsp 70 in th e PROM compared with norm al pregnancies analysis using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) in SPSS17.0 for Windows for by 0.833 or 83.3%, it can be concluded that the diagnostic value of the PROM Hsp70 levels were good (>50%).
Conclusion: Theme an levels of Hsp 70 in premature rupture of membranes obtained lower levels than in normal full-term pregnancy and this difference was sta tistically significant.
Keywords: Heat Shock Protein 70, maternal stress, PROM
Soluble Endoglin Serum Level is Higher in Preeclampsia Compared to Molar and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Puspitasari Maya K. , Anwar Anita D. , Wirakusumah Firman F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective: To analyze th e differences of maternal serum soluble endoglin level in pr eeclampsia, molar pregnan cy, and normal pregnancy, and to analyze th e correlation between maternal serum soluble endoglin level with gestational age.
Method: This is a cros s-sectional compara tive analytic study involving 18 preeclamps ia cases, 18 molar pr egnan cies, and 18 normal pregnancies. The sample were obtained from Dr. Hasan Sad ikin hospital and six satellite hospitals from January until Mar ch 2013. The comparison of mean seng se rum level of th e preeclampsia,molar pregnancy, and normal pregnancy gro up was calculated using Kruskal Wallis, and the corr elation we re calculated using Rank Spearman.
Result: The mean level of seng se rum in pr eeclamp sia gro up was higher (168.79 ngjml) than in molar pr egnan cy (43.47 ngjml) and normal pregnancy (32.38 ngjml). Ther e is no significant difference of se rum seng level be tween molar and norm al pregnan cy, with p value of 0.393 (p>0.05). There is significant differ ences of seng serum level between pr eeclampsia gro up and molar pr egnancy (p=O.OOO), but no significant differ ences between molar and normal pregnancy, p value=0.393 (p >0.05). Ther e is positive correlati on between seng se rum level of norm al pregnancy with gestational age (rs=0 .647 ; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Mat ern al se rum seng level in preeclampsia is higher than th e level of which in molar pre gnan cy and norm al pregnancy.
Keywords: molar pregnancy, norm al pr egnancy, pr eeclamp sia, soluble endoglin level
La incidencia de los accidentes de tránsito en la economía y productividad de las empresas aseguradoras de la ciudad de Riobamba
Authors: Velasco Castelo Geoconda Marisela , Moreno Ayala Jéssica Fernanda , Herrera Chico María Fernanda , Arguello  Parra Diego Vinicio 
Published: May 2019

La productividad y economía en la ciudad de Riobamba, ha reflejado cambios importantes en el sistema económico con esta convicción se busca mejorar las condiciones de vida dinámica y equilibrada entre la sociedad, garantizando la producción para el crecimiento del índice de desarrollo humano. A través de esta investigación se ha logrado analizar la influencia que tienen diferentes aspectos como los accidentes de tránsito, el incremento del parque automotor, etc. con las empresas aseguradoras que son in pilar fundamental en la economía del país ya que se dedican en brindar atención de calidad a los clientes con una variedad de servicios.
En la provincia de Chimborazo los siniestros por accidentes de tránsito abarcan el 51,46% por causas como: Superar los límites máximos de velocidad, conducir desatento a las condiciones de tránsito y no respetar las señales reglamentarias de tránsito. Esto implica una preocupante situación para el país y es necesario una inmediata intervención para contrarrestar estos altos indicadores que causan pérdidas materiales y humanas con la intervención de la concientización de un seguro no viéndolo como un gasto sino como una alternativa de protección al patrimonio vehicular y familiar.
La concesión del puerto de Manta y su incidencia en el desarrollo de la provincia de Manabí.
Authors: Oleas Lara Carlos Xavier , Palaguachi Sumba Juan Pablo , Mazón Fierro Guido Javier , Guerra Sarche Xavier Alejandro 
Published: May 2019

La necesidad inicial del ser humano de ubicar sus asentamientos cerca del mar como fuente de alimentación y vía de comunicación dio como resultado el origen de los puertos. Esta necesidad, conjuntamente con el desarrollo de su capacidad racional e intelectual, permitió la construcción de las primeras embarcaciones que facilitaron inicialmente alejarse de las costas y con el paso del tiempo llegar a otras regiones, lo que permitió el surgimiento del transporte marítimo. En este contexto, en el Ecuador existen alrededor de 4 puertos comerciales, siendo uno de los más importantes el Puerto de Aguas Profundas de Manta; por lo que, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si, la licitación del puerto de Manta favorecerá al desarrollo comercial y económico de la provincia de Manabí, partiendo de datos levantados antes de dicho proceso; para lo cual se utilizó la metodología de investigación descriptiva, inductivo y mediante la observación que permitieron obtener datos en el año 2015 de la realidad administrativa de dicho puerto; dando como resultado principal la necesidad de integrar a los actores sociales involucrados en este proceso de concesión, se puede concluir que las autoridades correspondientes deben priorizar la construcción de la infraestructura vial complementaria para la adecuada utilización del puerto de aguas profundas de Manta.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG ANTISIPASI CEDERA DENGAN PRAKTIK PENCEGAHAN CEDERA PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER DI RW 01 KELURAHAN MANGGAHANG WILAYAH PUSKESMAS JELEKONG KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Hastuti Dwi 
Published: May 2019

Cedera adalah dampak dari agen eksternal yang menimbulkan kerusakan fisik maupun mental. Cedera termasuk salah satu dari beberapa penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak di dunia. Prevalensi cedera pada tahun 2007 mencapai 7,5% dan mengalami peningkatan tahun 2013 yaitu 8,5%. Melihat karakteristik perkembangannya toddler lebih beresiko mengalami cedera. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada psikologis, terganggunya proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya dikemudian hari, menimbulkan kecacatan bahkan lebih fatal bisa menyebabkan kematian. Ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang antisipasi cedera akan menentukan tindakan pencegahan cedera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang antisipasi cedera dengan praktik pencegahan cedera pada anak usia toddler di RW 01 Kelurahan Manggahang Wilayah Puskesmas Jelekong Kabupaten Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelatif dengan desain crosssectional, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 79 ibu. Data diperoleh secara langsung selanjutnya diolah dengan analisis bivariate yaitu Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian ibu berpengetahuan cukup tentang antisipasi cedera (44,3%). Hasil uji Chi-Square diperoleh adanya hubungan antaraÂ pengetahuan ibu tentang antisipasi cedera dengan praktik pencegahan cedera pada anak usia toddler di RW 01Â (P value = 0,000). Disarankan para ibu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang antisipasi cidera sehingga ibu dapat melakukan tindakan dalam menjamin kesehatan, keamanan, dan keselamatan anak dalam beraktifitas sehingga anak terhindar dari bahaya cedera.