bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tm3+‐Sensitized NIR‐II Fluorescent Nanocrystals for In Vivo Information Storage and Decoding
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Fan Yong , Pei Peng , Sun Caixia , Lu Lingfei , Zhang Fan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) affords deep‐tissue penetration and high spatial resolution. Herein, we present a new type of Tm3+‐sensitized lanthanide nanocrystals with both excitation (1208 nm) and emission (1525 nm) located in the NIR‐II window for in vivo optical information storage and decoding. Taking advantage of the tunable fluorescence lifetimes, the optical multiplexed encoding capacity is enhanced accordingly. Micro‐devices with QR codes featuring the NIR‐II fluorescence‐lifetime multiplexed encoding were implanted into mice and were successfully decoded through time‐gated fluorescence imaging technology.
Einzelmolekülfluoreszenzmikroskopie aktiver mitochondrialer Nitroreduktasen unter Verwendung einer vernetzbaren fluoreszierenden Sonde
Authors: Thiel Zacharias , Rivera‐Fuentes Pablo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEine Vielzahl biologischer Makromoleküle gruppiert sich in Mikrodomänen mit spezifischer subzellulärer Lokalisierung. Bei Enzymen wirkt sich diese Gruppierung insbesondere auf ihre biologische Funktion aus. Nitroreduktasen sind Enzyme, welche in der Lage sind, Nitrogruppen zu Aminen zu reduzieren und spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei Entgiftungsprozessen und bei der Aktivierung von Wirkstoffen. Obwohl die Aktivität von Nitroreduktasen in Säugerzellen bereits nachgewiesen wurde, verbleibt die subzelluläre Lokalisierung unzureichend erforscht. Hier beschreiben wir eine Sonde, mit der es möglich ist, hochauflösende Aufnahmen der Nitroreduktase‐Aktivität in Mitochondrien zu erstellen. Diese Sonde wird durch Nitroreduktasen und Licht aktiviert und generiert ein kovalentes Addukt mit aktiven Enzymen. In Kombination mit einem für Mitochondrien spezifischen Farbstoff führten wir dreidimensionale, zweifarbige Einzelmolekülfluoreszenzmikroskopie durch. Mit diesen Experimenten gelang es uns, die submitochondriale Verteilung von Nitroreduktase‐Aktivität abzubilden.
Kovalenzgetriebene Erhaltung lokaler Ladungsdichten in einem durch Metall‐Ligand‐Ladungstransfer angeregten Eisenphotosensibilisator
Authors: Jay Raphael M. , Eckert Sebastian , Vaz da Cruz Vinícius , Fondell Mattis , Mitzner Rolf , Föhlisch Alexander 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, dass Kovalenz die Ladungstrennung nach Photooxidation des Metallzentrums in einem Metall‐Ligand‐Ladungstransferzustand eines Eisensensibilisators ausgleicht. Die Fähigkeit der Liganden zur σ‐Bindung kompensiert den Verlust einer 3d‐Elementarladung am Eisenzentrum, sodass die ursprüngliche Ladungsdichte und lokale Edelgaskonfiguration am Metall erhalten bleibt. Diese Erkenntnisse werden durch elementspezifische und orbitalselektive zeitaufgelöste Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie an der Eisen‐L‐Kante ermöglicht. Die Population von Valenzorbitalen um das Metallzentrum wird so direkt zugänglich. Mit Hilfe von Dichtefunktionaltheorie stellen wir fest, dass das Bild einer lokalisierten Ladungstrennung inadäquat ist. Die ungepaarte Spindichte bietet jedoch eine geeignete Beschreibung des mit dem Elektronentransferprozess assoziierten Elektron‐Loch‐Paares.
Developing a marine protected area network with multiple objectives in China
Authors: Li Yunzhou , Zhang Chongliang , Xue Ying , Xu Binduo , Sun Ming , Ren Yiping , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSystematic conservation planning (SCP) is an efficient tool to design marine protected area (MPA) networks. Although China has decades of experience in developing MPAs, its current MPA designs are limited to small spatial scales and are infrequently supported by a systematic planning approach.As one of few studies to incorporate biological and socio‐economic information in marine conservation prioritization in China, this study, targeting Haizhou Bay in China, provides a range of MPA network alternatives and evaluates the current design for four scenarios with different objectives. This corresponds to the major challenges for China's MPAs: conserve biodiversity; protect ecologically and economically important species; minimize socio‐economic costs; and reduce enforcement costs. Furthermore, this study considers the compatibility of aquaculture practices, economically critical to China's coastal regions, in MPA designs and implementations.This study determines that current MPA designs are inadequate to meet conservation objectives. For instance, existing MPAs cover less than 10% of the ranges of target species for conservation. There are substantial conservation gaps offshore.By constructing and analysing planning scenarios, this study demonstrates the trade‐offs in objectives as well as the importance of implementing SCP in China's MPA network design. Lessons learned from this study are also applicable to multi‐objective conservation prioritization in other countries.
Performance and cost‐effectiveness of sexually produced Acropora granulosa juveniles compared with asexually generated coral fragments in restoring degraded reef areas
Authors: Baria‐Rodriguez Maria Vanessa , dela Cruz Dexter W. , Dizon Romeo M. , Yap Helen T. , Villanueva Ronald D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Sexual and asexual modes of coral propagation are used to produce materials to actively restore coral cover on degraded reefs. It is important to evaluate growth, survival and cost‐effectiveness prior to any large‐scale intervention.
This study compared the growth, survival and cost of using sexually, compared with asexually, propagated Acropora granulosa at an in situ nursery and, subsequently, on degraded reef patches in the north‐western Philippines.
For sexual propagation, gametes spawned from gravid A. granulosa colonies were collected, fertilized and reared at an outdoor hatchery facility until they were 200‐day‐old juveniles. For asexual propagation, coral nubbins (obtained from colonies used in the sexual propagation experiment) were reared in the hatchery for 1 month before being transferred to an in situ nursery.
Sexually and asexually derived corals were reared at the in situ nursery and subsequently out‐planted to a degraded reef. Cumulative survival and growth of sexually derived corals were significantly higher than those of the asexually derived ones, both at the in situ nursery (for 200 days) and on coral bommies (for 382 days). At the in situ nursery, mean growth rates were 0.04 and 0.12 cm3 day−1 for the asexually produced and sexually produced corals, respectively, while those at the bommies were 0.7 and 1.04 cm3 day−1, respectively.
Production cost (including collection, hatchery‐ and in situ nursery‐rearing) is more expensive in the sexual (US$2.79/coral) than in the asexual (US$2.62/coral) mode of propagation. However, after 13 months post‐out‐planting it was clear that, in the long run, the individual cost of sexually derived corals is cheaper than the asexual counterparts, US$20.01 vs. US$88.15, respectively, owing to better survival rates.
Hence, sexual propagation using Acropora is a cost‐effective method with relatively high survival and growth that can be used in active restoration.
Enhanced production of 2’‐fucosyllactose from fucose by elimination of rhamnose isomerase and arabinose isomerase in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Jung Sang‐Min , Chin Young‐Wook , Lee Ye‐Gi , Seo Jin‐Ho 
Published: May 2019

Abstract2′‐Fucosyllactose (2‐FL), one of the most abundant oligosaccharides in human milk, has been spotlighted for its neutraceutical and pharmaceutical potentials. Microbial production of 2‐FL is promising since it is efficient as compared to other production methods. In 2‐FL microbial production via the salvage pathway for biosynthesis of guanosine 5′‐diphosphate (GDP)‐l‐fucose from fucose, the conversion yield from fucose is important because of the high price of fucose. In this study, deletion of the genes (araA and rhaA) coding for arabinose isomerase (AraA) and rhamnose isomerase (RhaA) was attempted in engineered Escherichia coli for improving 2‐FL production by using fucose, lactose, and glycerol. The engineered E. coli constructed previously is able to express fucokinase/GDP‐l‐fucose pyrophosphorylase (Fkp) from Bacteroides fragilis and the α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferase (FucT2) from Helicobacter pylori and deficient in β‐galactosidase (LacZ), fucose isomerase (FucI), and fuculose kinase (FucK). The additional double‐deletion of the araA and rhaA genes in the engineered E. coli enhanced the product yield of 2‐FL to 0.52 mole 2‐FL/mole fucose, and hence the concentration of 2‐FL reached to 47.0 g/L, which are 44% and two‐fold higher than those (23.1 g/L and 0.36 mole 2‐FL/mole fucose) of the control strain in fed‐batch fermentation. Elimination of sugar isomerases exhibiting promiscuous activities with fucose might be critical in the microbial production of 2‐FL through the salvage pathway of GDP‐l‐fucose.
Prognostic factors for permanent neurological dysfunction after total aortic arch replacement with regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring
Authors: Yu Ying , Lyu Yi , Jin Lin , Xu Liying , Wang Huilin , Hu Yan , Ren Yun , Guo Kefang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the prognostic factors for permanent neurological dysfunction (PND) after total aortic arch replacement with regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) monitoring.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 98 type A aortic dissection aneurysm patients who underwent emergency total aortic arch replacement combined with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and right axillary artery selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP). Data such as age, gender, body mass index, preoperative coexisting disease, laboratory test results, intraoperative critical operation duration, and intraoperative rSO2 were collected, and the neurological prognoses in the hospital were recorded and grouped by severity. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the statistically significant differences between the groups to screen the predictors of postoperative neurological complications in these patients.ResultsForty‐two patients had postoperative neurological complications, among which there were 29 cases (29.6%) of transient neurological dysfunction, and 13 cases (13.3%) of PND. Multiple logistic regression results showed that advanced age, preoperative low platelet count, prolonged hemostasis time and lowest relative rSO2 to baseline (ΔrSO2min) in each time period were risk factors for postoperative PND. The ROC curve measurement showed that the optimal cut‐off value of ΔrSO2min was 79.7%, and the area under the curve was 0.708 (95% confidence interval = 0.557–0.858), p = 0.016; the optimal cut‐off value of ΔrSO2min in SACP was 81.6%, and the area under the curve was 0.720 (95% confidence interval = 0.570–0.870), p = 0.011; the optimal cut‐off value of ΔrSO2min in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was 80.8%, and the area under the curve was 0.697 (95% confidence interval = 0.554–0.840), p = 0.023.ConclusionIntraoperative ΔrSO2min that is lower than the basal level of about 80%, advanced age, preoperative low platelet count, and prolonged hemostasis time are predictors of PND after total aortic arch replacement.
Promyelocytic leukemia protein deficiency leads to spontaneous formation of liver tumors in hepatitis C virus transgenic mice
Authors: Straub Katja , Husen Peri , Baba Hideo A. , Trippler Martin , Wedemeyer Heiner , Herzer Kerstin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPersistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a known risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The lack of the tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in combination with HCV fosters hepatocarcinogenesis via induction of HCC using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in a rodent model. However, the spontaneous development of malignant lesions in PML‐deficient mice with an HCV‐transgene (HCVtg) has not been investigated thus far. We crossed PML‐deficient mice with HCV transgene expressing mice and observed the animals for a period of 12 months. Livers were examined macroscopically and histologically. Gene expression analysis was performed on these samples, and compared with expression of selected genes in human samples of patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC. In vitro studies were performed in order to analyze the selected pathways. Genetic depletion of PML in combination with HCVtg coincided with an increased hepatocyte proliferation, resulting in development of HCCs in 40% of the PML‐deficient livers. No tumor development was observed in mice with either the PML‐knockout (PML−/−) or HCVtg alone. Gene expression profiling uncovered pathways involved in cell proliferation, such as NLRP12 and RASFF6. These findings were verified in samples from human livers of patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC. Further in vitro studies confirmed that lack of PML, NLRP12, and RASFF6 leads to increased cell proliferation. The lack of PML in combination with HCV is associated with increased cell proliferation, fostering tumor development in the liver. Our data demonstrate that PML acts as an important tumor suppressor in HCV‐dependent liver pathology.
Bonding social capital and collective action: Associations with residents' perceptions of their neighbourhoods
Authors: Carbone Jason T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNeighbourhood perceptions have important implications for individual well‐being, yet there is limited research focused on variables that predict these perceptions. This study proposes that previous engagement in collective action mediates the relationship between neighbourhood bonding social capital and neighbourhood perceptions. Structural equation modelling with a large, nationally representative sample (N = 25,370) is used to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that bonding social capital has a positive, direct effect on both neighbourhood perceptions and collective action. Collective action has a negative, direct association with neighbourhood perceptions and bonding social capital has a negative, indirect effect on neighbourhood perceptions via collective action. Although the full model explains 28% of the variance in neighbourhood perceptions, bonding social capital only explains 5% of the variance in collective action.
The Application of Isoacyl Structural Motifs in Prodrug Design and Peptide Chemistry
Authors: Mailig Melrose , Liu Fa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntramolecular N‐to‐O and O‐to‐N acyl migrations have been known for a century. Recent decades have witnessed a considerable number of applications of such chemical transformations in the fields of medicinal chemistry and peptide chemistry. The former has been focused on employing the isoacyl‐mediated prodrug approach to improve the physicochemical properties of insoluble drug candidates. The latter involves multiple directions, including establishing new peptide segment ligation methods; facilitating sterically hindered amide‐bond coupling; and enabling the synthesis, handling and investigation of difficult sequences. Notably, most of these cases can be achieved in a traceless manner. These successes are mainly attributed to the unique chemical and biophysical properties of the isoacyl structural motif. This review will summarize the historical achievements and highlight the recent advances in this topic.
Carbon Nanofibers Provide a Cationic Rectifier Material: Specific Electrolyte Effects, Bipolar Reactivity, and Prospect for Desalination
Authors: Tshwenya Luthando , Marken Frank , Arotiba Omotayo A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate that ionic current rectification effects are observed with a film of negatively charged carbon nanofibers (CNFs) deposited as a film or mat onto a 10 μm diameter microhole in poly‐ethylene‐terephthalate (PET). CNFs are synthesized by using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to introduce carboxyl moieties (providing negative surface charges). CNFs are characterized with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and zeta potential measurements. When drop‐dried asymmetrically onto a 10 μm diameter cylindrical channel on a 6 μm thick PET substrate and placed as a membrane between two electrolyte compartments, ionic current rectification is observed. Effects of pH, ionic strength, and nature of electrolyte are investigated. Bipolar reactivity of iodide is demonstrated. Potential for future applications in water purification are discussed.
The First Conducting Spin‐Crossover Compound Combining a MnIII Cation Complex with Electroactive TCNQ Demonstrating an Abrupt Spin Transition with a Hysteresis of 50 K
Authors: Kazakova Anna V. , Tiunova Aleksandra V. , Korchagin Denis V. , Shilov Gennady V. , Yagubskii Eduard B. , Zverev Vladimir N. , Yang Shun Cheng , Lin Jiunn‐Yuan , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Maximova Olga V. , Vasiliev Alexander N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present herein the synthesis, crystal structure, and electric and magnetic properties of the spin‐crossover salt [Mn(5‐Cl‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12)]TCNQ1.5⋅2 CH3CN (I), where 5‐Cl‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12=N,N′‐bis(3‐(2‐oxy‐5‐chlorobenzylideneamino)propyl)‐ethylenediamine, containing distinct conductive and magnetic blocks along with acetonitrile solvent molecules. The MnIII complex with a Schiff‐base ligand, [Mn(5‐Cl‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12)]+, acts as the magnetic unit, and the π‐electron acceptor 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ−) is the conducting unit. The title compound (I) exhibits semiconducting behavior with room temperature conductivity σRT≈1×10−4 ohm−1 cm−1 and activation energy Δ ≈0.20 eV. In the temperature range 73–123 K, it experiences a hysteretic phase transition accompanied by a crossover between the low‐spin S=1 and high‐spin S=2 states of MnIII and changes in bond lengths within the MnN4O2 octahedra. The pronounced shrinkage of the basal Mn−N bonds in I at the spin crossover suggests that the d
orbital is occupied/deoccupied in this transition. Interestingly, the bromo isomorphic counterpart [Mn(5‐Br‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12)]TCNQ1.5⋅2 CH3CN (II) of the title compound evidences no spin‐crossover phenomena and remains in the high‐spin state in the temperature range 2–300 K. Comparison of the chloro and bromo compounds allows the thermal and spin‐crossover contributions to the overall variation in bond lengths to be distinguished. The difference in magnetic behavior of these two salts has been ascribed to intermolecular supramolecular effects on the spin transition. Discrete hydrogen bonding exists between cations and cations and anions in both compounds. However, the hydrogen bonding in the crystals of II is much stronger than in I. The relatively close packing arrangement of the [Mn(5‐Br‐sal‐N‐1,5,8,12)]+ cations probably precludes their spin transformation.
Porphyrin‐based bridged silsesquioxane nanoparticles for targeted two‐photon photodynamic therapy of zebrafish xenografted with human tumor
Authors: Dib Soraya , Aggad Dina , Mauriello Jimenez Chiara , Lakrafi Ahmed , Hery Guillaume , Nguyen Christophe , Durand Denis , Morère Alain , El Cheikh Khaled , Sol Vincent , Chaleix Vincent , Dominguez Gil Sofia , Bouchmella Karim , Raehm Laurence , Durand Jean‐Olivier , Boufatit Makhlouf , Cattoën Xavier , Wong Chi Man Michel , Bettache Nadir , Gary‐Bobo Magali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBridged silsesquioxane nanoparticles (BSNs) recently described represent a new class of nanoparticles exhibiting versatile applications and particularly a strong potential for nanomedicine.AimsIn this work, we describe the synthesis of BSNs from an octasilylated functional porphyrin precursor (PORBSNs) efficiently obtained through a click reaction. These innovative and very small‐sized nanoparticles were functionalized with PEG and mannose (PORBSNs‐mannose) in order to target breast tumors in vivo.Methods and ResultsThe structure of these nanoparticles is constituted of porphyrins J aggregates that allow two‐photon spatiotemporal excitation of the nanoparticles. The therapeutic potential of such photoactivable nanoparticles was first studied in vitro, in human breast cancer cells in culture and then in vivo on zebrafish embryos bearing human tumors. These animal models were intravenously injected with 5 nL of a solution containing PORBSNs‐mannose. An hour and half after the injection of photoactivable and targeted nanoparticles, the tumor areas were excited for few seconds with a two‐photon beam induced focused laser. We observed strong tumor size decrease, with the involvement of apoptosis pathway activation.ConclusionWe demonstrated the high targeting, imaging, and therapeutic potential of PORBSNs‐mannose injected in the blood stream of zebrafish xenografted with human tumors.
Comparison between Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds in Complexes of 6‐OX‐Fulvene with Pnicogen and Chalcogen Electron Donors
Authors: Hou Mingchang , Li Qingzhong , Scheiner Steve 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations are applied to complexes of 6‐OX‐fulvene (X=H, Cl, Br, I) with ZH3/H2Y (Z=N, P, As, Sb; Y=O, S, Se, Te) to study the competition between the hydrogen bond and the halogen bond. The H‐bond weakens as the base atom grows in size and the associated negative electrostatic potential on the Lewis base atom diminishes. The pattern for the halogen bonds is more complicated. In most cases, the halogen bond is stronger for the heavier halogen atom, and pnicogen electron donors are more strongly bound than chalcogen. Halogen bonds to chalcogen atoms strengthen in the order O<S<Se<Te, whereas the pattern is murkier for the pnicogen donors. In terms of competition, most halogen bonds to pnicogen donors are stronger than their H‐bond analogues, but there is no clear pattern with respect to chalcogen donors. O prefers a H‐bond, while halogen bonds are favored by Te. For S and Se, I‐bonds are strongest, followed Br, H, and Cl‐bonds in that order.
Diphenylene‐Tetracyanoquinodimethane Cocrystals as Stable Organic Rectifiers
Authors: Li Rui , Li Jinfeng , Sun Yajing , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA promising cocrystal material that acts as a rectifier was prepared by a simple procedure of solution volatilization. (E)‐1,2‐diphenylethene (STB) and 7,7′,8,8′‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) were used as donor and acceptor respectively, and aggregate in an ordered fashion in the stilbene‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (STC) cocrystal that comprises 1 : 1 donor/acceptor mixed‐stacked charge‐transfer (CT) complexes. The strong CT interaction between the donor and acceptor is the main driving force for the self‐assembly. The cocrystals show rectifying characteristics with a rectification ratio of 26. This result suggests that cocrystal engineering provides a great possibility to obtain rectifying materials from small, readily available organic molecules.
A Samarium‐Doped Carbon Aerogel Cathode with Anchored Polysulfides for Lithium−Sulfur Batteries with High Electrochemical Performance: A Metal−Organic Framework Template Method
Authors: Sheng Huijuan , Li Xueliang , Huang Birou , Wang Jihong , Li Xiaoyang , Hua Yang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA samarium‐doped carbon aerogel cathode (CA‐Sm) for high‐performance lithium−sulfur batteries was successfully synthesized from a Sm‐containing metal−organic framework (MOF) as a template through a sol−gel reaction and a carbonization process. Sm‐MOF doping plays an important role in regulating the structure of the gel and promoting the formation of samarium oxide in an amorphous state that is uniformly dispersed among the carbon spheres. A CA/S/Sm electrode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1322 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.2 C. Furthermore, it possesses an initial discharge capacity of 1212 mAh g−1at 0.5 C and still maintains a value of 866 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles. Both the anchoring of polysulfides to uniformly doped Sm and the influence of the Sm‐MOF on the CA structure lead to the excellent performance of the battery, and effectively prevent polysulfides escaping from cathode, while suppressing the shuttle effect and enhancing the utilization of sulfur.