bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Algoritma Naive Bayes di dalam Scikit-Learn Python Library dengan Murni Algoritma Naive Bayes: Studi Kasus Klasifikasi Email Berbahaya
Authors: Herdian Cevi 
Published: December 2024

Saat ini, penggunaan email yang masif telah meluas dan memiliki dampak baik dan buruk. Salah satu dampak negatif adalah munculnya email spam, yang berisi promosi produk, konten pornografi, virus, dan konten tidak penting yang dikirim ke banyak orang tanpa permintaan. Hal tersebut bisa terjadi dikarenakan kebocoran data, penjualan data ilegal, dan pendaftaran kita sendiri ke berbagai grup dan milis-milis tertentu yang disalahgunakan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diperlukan metodologi klasifikasi email yang dapat secara otomatis mendeteksi apakah sebuah email merupakan spam email berbahaya atau bukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah model klasifikasi email spam dan non-spam menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan, yaitu penggunaan library scikit-learn dan juga matematika murni Algoritma Naïve Bayes. Penggunaan matematika murni suatu algoritma sangat jarang digunakan di dalam perbandingan antar algoritma. Biasanya memperbandingkan beberapa algoritma. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mencoba melakukan perbandingan tersebut di dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Algoritma Naïve Bayes dengan library scikit-learn mampu melakukan klasifikasi dengan sangat baik, mencapai tingkat akurasi sebesar 97%, sedangkan penerapan metode matematika Naïve Bayes yang menghasilkan tingkat akurasi yang lebih besar yaitu 98%.
Analisa Tingkat Kematangan Manajemen Strategis TI (Studi Kasus : Perguruan Tinggi ABC)
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Nurcahyani Aprilia 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai analisa tingkat kematangan Management Strategic teknologi informasi (TI) dalam mendukung pendidikan dan proses bisnis di perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada tata kelola TI di sebuah perguruan tinggi ABC. Meski memiliki departemen IT Service, perguruan tinggi ini masih menghadapi masalah dalam tata kelola TI, seperti pemanfaatan teknologi jaringan yang belum sesuai standar dan perlunya perbaikan dalan mengelola setiap permasalahan TI. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 2019 untuk menilai dan meningkatkan tingkat kematangan tata kelola TI. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis untuk mengukur kesenjangan antara kondisi saat ini dan target yang diharapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola TI di perguruan tinggi ini belum optimal dan perlu perbaikan pada beberapa domain seperti manajemen risiko dan kontrol proses bisnis. Penelitian ini menyarankan sejumlah rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan kematangan dan efektivitas tata kelola TI, guna mendukung kualitas Pendidikan dan proses bisnis yang lebih baik.
Kata kunci — COBIT 2019, Tata Kelola TI, Teknologi Informasi
Manejo do fogo na pecuária pantaneira: percepções e oportunidades para sua gestão sustentável no bioma
Authors: Labão Catapani Mariana , Ruttul Aguirra Isadora , Accetturi Szukala Araujo Flávia , Moss Andrew , Massocato Gabriel , Oliveira Bruna , Jean Desbiez Arnaud Léonard 
Published: December 2024

O Pantanal, maior área úmida tropical do planeta, destaca-se pela predominância da pecuária extensiva como sua principal atividade econômica. O uso do fogo representa ferramenta importante nesse manejo, empregado para renovar pastagens, controlar parasitas e limpar a vegetação. Contudo, entre 2019 e 2020, o bioma enfrentou um aumento alarmante de incêndios, causando danos significativos ao ecossistema, serviços ambientais e tendo substanciais repercussões socioeconômicas. Além da seca, práticas inadequadas de manejo do fogo na pecuária são apontadas como contribuintes para essa situação preocupante. Devido à predominância de propriedades privadas utilizadas para pecuária, compreender as percepções dos pecuaristas sobre o fogo se revela crucial para desenvolver ações de conservação mais efetivas e socialmente justas no ecossistema. Este estudo investigou nuances do uso e manejo do fogo por pecuaristas nas 11 sub-regiões do Pantanal Brasileiro. Entre dezembro de 2021 e março de 2022, foram conduzidas 70 entrevistas semiestruturadas com indivíduos associados à atividade pecuária, de forma presencial e por telefone. Os resultados revelam que, apesar de empregarem o fogo há séculos, atualmente a maior parte dos pecuaristas têm uma visão predominantemente negativa devido aos prejuízos recentes. Pecuaristas tradicionais e recentes diferem em relação à percepção sobre estratégias e momentos considerados apropriados para o uso do fogo. Críticas foram feitas às mudanças recentes no uso da terra, especialmente devido a restrições ambientais, considerando-as facilitadoras do acúmulo de combustível para incêndios. Os entrevistados relataram dúvidas e confusão em relação à legislação que regulamenta o uso do fogo no bioma. Esses resultados apontam a necessidade de ações para aprimorar a compreensão das regulamentações e envolver os pecuaristas no diálogo sobre uma gestão realista do fogo, considerando tanto a conservação da biodiversidade quanto o contexto sociocultural da região.
Norma sobre el teletrabajo en el ecuador y sus vacíos juridicos: un analisis comparativo
Authors: Almeida Vásquez Oliver Irvi 
Published: December 2024

El Artículo 33 de la Constitución de la Republica del Ecuador, consagra que: “El Trabajo es un derecho y un deber social, y un derecho económico, fuente de realización económica. El Estado garantizara a las personas trabajadoras el pleno respeto a su dignidad, una vida decorosa, remuneraciones y retribuciones justas y el desempeño de un trabajo saludable y libremente escogido”. La ley Orgánica de Apoyo Humanitario agrega el siguiente articulo innumerado a continuación del artículo 16 del Código del Trabajo del Teletrabajo y dice: “El Teletrabajo es una forma de organización laboral, que consiste en el desempeño de actividades remuneradas o prestaciones de servicios utilizado como soporte la tecnología de la información y la comunicación ara el contacto entre el trabajador y la empresa, sin requerirse la presencia física del trabajador en un sitio específico del trabajo. En esta modalidad el empleador ejercerá labores de control y dirección de forma y el trabajador reportará de la misma manera”. Se busca a través de esta investigación científica, resolver este problema en que el trabajador esta desprotegido de cualquier riego del trabajo de enfermedad profesional y accidente de trabajo. Concediendo a la clase trabajadora un trato discriminatorio y vulnerando los derechos establecidos en nuestra Constitución Art. 11, numeral 6, que manifiesta: Que todos los principios y derechos son inalienables, irrenunciables, indivisibles, interdependientes y de igual jerarquía.
Factibilidad Técnica y Económica en el Reciclado de Plástico, un Caso de Estudio
Authors: Hernández Vargas Alma Delia , Aldazaba Jácome Gabriela , Millán Tinoco Victor , Cabrera Ramírez Ariadna 
Published: December 2024

En el cuidado del planeta coexiste una responsabilidad compartida por todos, y el reciclaje de plástico juega un papel crucial en este esfuerzo. Esta investigación planteó la determinación de la viabilidad económica y financiera para la elaboración de esquineros de plástico utilizando “basura” obtenida de reciclado de plástico de envases de alta y baja densidad que pretenden sustituir a los embalajes de cartón que utilizan los exportadores de cítricos. Como punto de partida se aplicó un estudio de mercado y una evaluación económica, con el propósito de implementar la idea negocios y determinar la viabilidad financiera de la puesta en marcha de la planta recicladora. La metodología utilizada consistió en la investigación de la demanda potencialmente insatisfecha aplicando encuestas digitales mediante Google Forms a los exportadores de cítricos, posteriormente, se realizó la parte económica, se centró en la inversión inicial, los costos de producción, el punto de equilibrio, los ingresos y egresos, reflejados en estados financieros proforma, finalmente, la evaluación económica mostro la viabilidad financiera que se sustentó aplicando indicadores financieros de evaluación. Los resultados obtenidos proyectan el retorno en 25 meses de la inversión en la adaptación y mejora de las maquinas extrusoras, estableciendo que el proyecto no solo es ecológico, sino también financieramente atractivo.
Search for High-excitation Emission Lines from a Quasar-scale Active Nucleus in Arp 220
Authors: Goldberg Charles E. , Buiten Victorine A. , Rieke George H. , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , Paggi A. , van der Werf Paul , Stone Meredith A. , Morrison Jane E. , Alberts Stacey , Dicken Dan , Wright Gillian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The late-stage galaxy merger and prototypical ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Arp 220 is probed using the JWST Mid Infrared Instrument medium-resolution spectrometer to search for multiple diagnostic active galactic nuclei (AGN) emission lines in the low-interstellar-opacity spectral ranges of 5.3–7.9 μm and 12.9–16.0 μm. We detect none of the characteristic high-excitation AGN emission lines. The most diagnostic nondetections are of the [Ne vi] λ 7.652 μm and [Ne v] λ 14.32 μm lines, for which the combined upper limit is ∼10–20 times fainter than the equivalent limit from Spitzer data. We also use X-ray measurements of the reflected Fe Kα line to suggest a relatively low X-ray luminosity. These results suggest that the high obscuration observed along the line of sight to the nuclei of Arp 220 is isotropic and keeps any high-excitation emission from a putative AGN from escaping. An implication is that the observed mid-infrared output of the nuclei is essentially their bolometric luminosity, i.e., no significant additional energy escapes. We utilize this result to show that any embedded AGNs are accreting at no more than ∼5% of the Eddington rate, lower than many theoretical predictions for this stage of ULIRG evolution.
Viscous Transonic Accretion Flows in Kerr Black Hole Geometry
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhrajit , Chakrabarti Sandip K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study viscous transonic accretion flows in vertical equilibrium in Kerr geometry. We employ the pseudo-Kerr formalism that accurately describes transonic flows around Kerr black holes and is applicable for modeling observational data. We study the effects of viscosity on the nature of sonic points and the parameter space that allows an accretion flow to possess multiple sonic points. We concentrate on the accretion solutions that can have centrifugal pressure supported shock waves and find that the shocks are weaker and are located farther from the black hole as the viscosity is enhanced. Moreover, if the viscosity is greater than a critical value, shocks do not form and the accretion flow can pass only through the inner sonic point close to the black hole and remains subsonic and Keplerian throughout the accretion disk. Since the resonance oscillation frequencies of the shock waves provide a measure of the observed quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) frequencies, and since the location of shock waves depend on the spin of a black hole, it is clear that the QPO frequencies must depend on the spin of black hole as well. Our pseudo-Kerr approach makes it easier to compute spectra from an accretion flow with viscous dissipation and radiative cooling around a spinning black hole.
Volatile Element Depletion of Carbonaceous Chondrites—Insights from Mass-dependent Zinc, Cadmium, and Tellurium Isotope Variations
Authors: Morton Elin M. , Pickard Harvey , Wombacher Frank , Huang Yihang , Palk Emeliana , Martins Rayssa , Kuthning Sven , Schönbächler Maria , Rehkämper Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The origin of volatile depletion in the solar system remains a topic of intense debate. To further inform our understanding of the mechanisms involved, this study characterized the mass-dependent Zn, Cd, and Te isotope compositions and concentrations of a comprehensive suite of carbonaceous chondrites (CCs). In accord with previous studies, Zn and Te display covariations between light isotope enrichments and elemental depletions. Observed here for the first time, Cd shows a similar trend. These correlations are consistent with the interpretation that the primary volatile element budgets of CCs were established by mixing of a volatile-rich CI-like matrix and a volatile-depleted non-matrix endmember (NME) in the solar nebula. All three elements display minor isotopic variations in CI and CM chondrites, as a consequence of aqueous alteration at low temperatures. In contrast, Cd and Te isotope compositions and concentrations are highly variable in CV and CO (Cd) and CK chondrites (Te). This reflects mobilization of the elements during thermal metamorphism at distinct redox conditions. The data of this study show that the NME has Zn, Cd, and Te concentrations that are depleted to an identical level of 0.12 ± 0.03 × CI chondrites, and it is characterized by mass-dependent isotope compositions for all three elements that are fractionated to light isotope values relative to CIs by a similar extent. In conjunction with literature data, this suggests that the concentrations and isotope compositions of NME volatiles record the same depletion processes, and that the NME volatile inventory is likely hosted predominantly in chondrules.
Searching for Radio Late-type Dwarf Stars in the GLEAM-X DR1 Catalog
Authors: Huang 黄 Qichen 启宸 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 , Zhang 张 Zehao 泽浩 , Zijlstra Albert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We have developed a new method of multiwavelength data combination for the search of late-type radio dwarfs, and have put it into practice using GLEAM-X DR1 data. The initial sample is selected by cross-matching the Gaia/DR3 objects with the probability of being a star no less than 99%, and removing the extragalactic objects assigned by the SIMBAD database. The late-type dwarf stars are judged according to their location in the (BP − RP)0/M
G color–magnitude diagram and in the (J − H)0/(K − W1)0 near-infrared color–color diagram. Furthermore, stellar activity is searched by ultraviolet excess in the GALEX/NUV band and the Rossby number in the TESS light curves. In total, 12 stars are found to be late-type dwarf stars associated with radio source, which consists of five stars with UV excess and seven stars with a Rossby number less than 0.13. Three of these 12 stars are previously studied to be associated with radio objects. All these 12 stars are considered to be reliable counterparts of radio sources.
zoomies: A Tool to Infer Stellar Age from Vertical Action in Gaia Data
Authors: Sagear Sheila , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Ballard Sarah , Lu Yuxi (Lucy) , Angus Ruth , Hogg David W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Stellar age measurements are fundamental to understanding a wide range of astronomical processes, including Galactic dynamics, stellar evolution, and planetary system formation. However, extracting age information from main-sequence stars is complicated, with techniques often relying on age proxies in the absence of direct measurements. The Gaia data releases have enabled detailed studies of the dynamical properties of stars within the Milky Way, offering new opportunities to understand the relationship between stellar age and dynamics. In this study, we leverage high-precision astrometric data from Gaia DR3 to construct a stellar age prediction model based only on stellar dynamical properties, namely the vertical action. We calibrate two distinct, hierarchical stellar age–vertical action relations, first employing asteroseismic ages for red-giant-branch stars, then isochrone ages for main-sequence turn-off stars. We describe a framework called zoomies based on this calibration, by which we can infer ages for any star given its vertical action. This tool is open-source and intended for community use. We compare dynamical age estimates from zoomies with age measurements from open clusters and asteroseismology. We use zoomies to generate and compare dynamical age estimates for stars from the Kepler, K2, and TESS exoplanet transit surveys. While dynamical age relations are associated with large uncertainty, they are generally mass independent and depend on homogeneously measured astrometric data. These age predictions are uniquely useful for large-scale demographic investigations, especially in disentangling the relationship between planet occurrence, metallicity, and age for low-mass stars.
Multiphase Gas Nature in the Sub-parsec Region of the Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Eddington Ratio Dependence on the Structures of Dusty and Dust-free Outflows
Authors: Kudoh Yuki , Wada Keiichi , Kawakatu Nozomu , Nomura Mariko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigated the influence of the Eddington ratio on sub-parsec-scale outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with supermassive black holes (SMBHs) masses of 107
M
⊙ using two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations. When the range of the Eddington ratio is γ
Edd > 10−3, the radiation force exceeds the gas pressure, leading to stronger outflows and larger dust sublimation radius. Although the sub-parsec-scale outflows are a time-dependent phenomenon, our simulations demonstrated that the radial distributions can be well explained by the steady solutions of the spherically symmetric stellar winds. The dynamic structure of sub-parsec-scale outflows is influenced by the dust sublimation radius and the critical radii determined by the dynamical equilibrium condition. Although significantly affecting the outflow velocity, the Eddington ratio exerts minimal effects on temperature and number density distribution. Furthermore, our analytical solutions highlight the importance of the dust sublimation scale as a crucial determinant of terminal velocity and column density in dusty outflows. Through comparisons of our numerical model with the obscuring fraction observed in nearby AGNs, we reveal insights into the Eddington ratio dependence and the tendency toward the large obscuring fraction of the dusty and dust-free gases. The analytical solutions are expected to facilitate an understanding of the dynamical structure and radiation structures along the line of sight and their viewing angles from observations of ionized outflows.
KIC 10855535: An Elegant δ Scuti Pulsator with Amplitude and Phase Modulation
Authors: Shen Li-xian , Esamdin Ali , Lv Cheng-long , Wang Hao-zhi , Yang Tao-zhi , Karimov Rivkat , Ehgamberdiev Shuhrat A. , Niu Hu-biao , Liu Jin-zhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigated the pulsating behavior of KIC 10855535 using Kepler 4 yr long-cadence data. Two independent frequencies were detected: a pulsation frequency F0 = 17.733260(5) day−1 and a low frequency f
8 = 0.412643(8) day−1. We identify F0 as the fundamental frequency, at which an equidistant quintuplet is centered, suggesting that the star orbits in a binary system. The fitted orbital parameters align well with those reported in previous literature. Long-term phase modulation caused by binarity has been confirmed by considering the light curve from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. By removing the light-time effect, we measured a linear change in period of order

P

̇

/

P
≃
1.44
×

10

−
7

yr

−
1

, a value that could be indicative of stellar evolution. The star also exhibits a gradual and stable amplitude growth, thereby raising the possibility of structural changes during its evolution. We attributed f
8 and its two harmonics to rotation and surface spots, with further analysis suggesting characteristics evolving over time. Based on this hypothesis, KIC 10855535 may rotate slowly for its type, with a speed of 37(2) km s−1. Overall, KIC 10855535 presents an exceptionally clean spectrum and a relatively slow rotation as a δ Sct pulsator, exhibiting a single pulsation mode that undergoes both amplitude and phase modulation.
Ionized Carbon in Galaxies: The [C ii] 158 μm Line as a Total Molecular Gas Mass Tracer Revisited
Authors: Zhao 赵 Yinghe 应和 , Liu Jiamin , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Bisbas Thomas G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a statistical study of the [C ii] 158 μm line and the CO(1−0) emission for a sample of ∼200 local and high-z (32 sources with z > 1) galaxies with very different physical conditions. We explore the correlation between the luminosities of [C ii] and CO(1−0) lines and obtain a strong linear relationship, confirming that [C ii] is able to trace total molecular gas mass, with a small difference between (U)LIRGs and less-luminous galaxies. The tight and linear relation between [C ii] and CO(1−0) is likely determined by the average value of the observed visual extinction A

V
and the range of G
0/n in galaxies. Further investigations into the dependence of L
[C ii]/L
CO(1−0) on different physical properties show that L
[C ii]/L
CO(1−0) (1) anticorrelates with ΣIR, and the correlation becomes steeper when ΣIR ≳ 1011
L
⊙ kpc−2; (2) correlates positively with the distance from the main sequence Δ(MS) when Δ(MS) ≲ 0; and (3) tends to show a systematically smaller value in systems where the [C ii] emission is dominated by ionized gas. Our results imply that caution needs to be taken when applying a constant [C ii]-to-M
mol conversion factor to estimate the molecular gas content in extreme cases, such as galaxies having low-level star formation activity or high star formation rate surface density.
Post-Keplerian Perturbations of the Hyperbolic Motion in the Field of a Rotating Massive Object: Analysis in Terms of Osculating and Nonosculating (Contact) Elements
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The perturbations of the hyperbolic motion of a test particle due to the general relativistic gravitoelectromagnetic Schwarzschild and Lense–Thirring components of the gravitational field of a rotating massive body are analytically worked out to the first post-Newtonian level in terms of the osculating Keplerian orbital elements. To the Newtonian order, the impact of the quadrupole mass moment of the source is calculated as well. The resulting analytical expressions are valid for a generic orientation in space of both the orbital plane of the probe and the spin axis of the primary, and for arbitrary values of the eccentricity. They are applied to ‘Oumuamua, an interstellar asteroid which recently visited our solar system along an unbound heliocentric orbit, and to the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous spacecraft during its flyby of the Earth. The calculational approach developed can be straightforwardly extended to any alternative models of gravity as well.