bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity after pediatric tonsillotomy versus tonsillectomy: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Odhagen Erik , Stalfors Joacim , Sunnergren Ola 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare and evaluate morbidity following pediatric tonsillectomy (TE) and tonsillotomy (TT) performed due to tonsil‐related upper airway obstruction.Study DesignRetrospective population‐based cohort study based on data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR).MethodsAll patients aged 1 to 12 years who were registered in the NPR between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015, and who underwent an isolated tonsil surgery (± adenoidectomy) for the sole indication of upper airway obstruction were included. Postoperative morbidity within 30 days of surgery, including readmission due to hemorrhage and return to theater (RTT), was evaluated and compared between the two groups. A forward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of postoperative morbidity.ResultsIn total, 35,060 patients were included in the study, 23,447 of whom underwent TT and 11,613 of whom underwent TE. Readmission due to postoperative hemorrhage, RTT, readmission due to any reason, and contact with healthcare were all less common after TT than after TE. Readmission due to postoperative hemorrhage was significantly more common after TE (2.5%) than after TT (0.6%) (odds ratio: 3.91, 95% confidence interval: 3.20‐4.77).ConclusionsThis study showed that TT is associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of postoperative complications than TE when performed in children to correct tonsil‐related upper airway obstruction. Statistically significant differences were found for all outcome variables, namely, readmission to hospital due to bleeding, RTT, readmission due to any reason, and postoperative contact with healthcare for any reason.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 129:2619–2626, 2019
Disparities in adherence to head and neck cancer follow‐up guidelines
Authors: Perlow Haley K. , Ramey Stephen J. , Cassidy Vincent , Kwon Deukwoo , Farnia Benjamin , Nicolli Elizabeth , Samuels Michael A. , Freedman Laura , Elsayyad Nagy , Yechieli Raphael , Samuels Stuart E. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to determine the frequency of adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network follow‐up guidelines in a population of head and neck cancer patients who received curative treatment. We will also assess the impact of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and treatment setting on utilization of follow‐up care.MethodsThis study included patients with biopsy‐proven, nonmetastatic oropharyngeal or laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016, at a safety‐net hospital or adjacent private academic hospital. Components of follow‐up care analyzed included an appointment with a surgeon or radiation oncologist within 3 months and posttreatment imaging of the primary site within 6 months. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using a logistic regression model to estimate odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐four patients were included in this study. Of those, 88.8% received posttreatment imaging of the primary site within 6 months; 88.5% attended a follow‐up appointment with a radiation oncologist within 3 months; and 71.1% of patients attended a follow‐up appointment with a surgeon within 3 months. On multivariable analysis, private academic hospital treatment versus safety‐net hospital treatment was associated with increased utilization of both surgical and radiation oncology follow‐up. Non‐Hispanic black (NHB) patients, Hispanic patients, and those with a low socioeconomic status were also less likely to receive follow‐up.ConclusionSafety‐net hospital treatment, socioeconomic status, Hispanic ethnicity, and NHB race were associated with decreased follow‐up service utilization. Quality improvement initiatives are needed to reduce these disparities.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 129:2303–2308, 2019
Ultrasonographic Criteria to Define the Lower Limits of Neck Node Levels 2 and 3
Authors: Kim Jeong Kyu , Lee Dong Won , Ahn Dongbin 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo find ultrasonographic landmarks to define the lower limits of neck node levels 2 and 3.MethodsData were collected prospectively between February 2014 and January 2015. In total, 103 patients were recruited (50 men and 53 women), and the mean age was 50.9 years (range: 18–89). At the lower level of the hyoid, we classified ultrasonographic findings as hyoid type (HT)1 when the internal and external carotid arteries were visualized separately, HT2 when the internal and external carotid arteries joined together, and HT3 when the common carotid artery was visualized. At the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, we classified ultrasonographic findings as cricoid type (CT)1 when the omohyoid reached the medial half of the common carotid artery, CT2 when the omohyoid reached the lateral half of the common carotid artery, CT3 when the omohyoid reached the medial half of the internal jugular vein, and CT4 when the omohyoid reached the lateral half of the internal jugular vein.ResultsAt the lower border of the hyoid, HT1 was most commonly observed in 59.2%, whereas HT2 and HT3 were observed in 31.3% and 9.7%, respectively. At the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, CT3 was most commonly observed in 52.9%, whereas CT2, CT4, and CT1 were observed in 20.4%, 14.1%, and 12.6%, respectively.ConclusionHT1 and CT3 can be suggested ultrasonographic landmarks for the lower limits of levels 2 and 3, respectively.Level of Evidence2. Laryngoscope, 129:2487–2490, 2019
Frequency difference mapping applied to the corpus callosum at 7T
Authors: Tendler Benjamin C. , Bowtell Richard 
Published: December 2018

PurposeFrequency difference mapping (FDM) is a phase processing technique which characterizes the nonlinear temporal evolution of the phase of gradient echo (GE) signals. Here, a novel FDM‐processing algorithm is introduced, which is shown to reveal information about white matter microstructure. Unlike some other phase‐processing techniques, the FDM algorithm presented here does not require the use of phase unwrapping or sophisticated image processing. It uses a series of scaled complex divisions to unwrap phase and remove background fields.MethodsTen healthy subjects underwent a series of single‐slice, sagittal multi‐echo GE scans at 7T with the slice positioned at the midline. Phase data were processed with the novel FDM algorithm, and the temporal evolution of the magnitude signal and frequency difference was examined in 5 regions of the corpus callosum (CC; genu, anterior body, middle body, posterior body, and splenium).ResultsConsistent frequency difference contrast relative to surrounding tissue was observed in all subjects in the CC and in other white matter regions where the nerve fibers run perpendicular to , such as the superior cerebellar peduncle. Examination of the frequency difference curves shows distinct variations over the CC, with the genu and splenium displaying larger frequency differences than the other regions (in addition to a faster decay of signal magnitude).ConclusionThe novel FDM algorithm presented here yields images sensitive to tissue microstructure and microstructural differences over the CC in a simple manner, without the requirement for phase unwrapping or sophisticated image processing.
The utility of a point‐of‐care sural nerve conduction device for detection of diabetic polyneuropathy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kural Mustafa A. , Andersen Signe T. , Andersen Niels T. , Andersen Henning , Charles Morten , Finnerup Nanna B. , Jensen Troels S. , Tankisi Hatice 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Rapid and accessible methods for diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) have been developed, but not validated, in large cohorts of people with diabetes. Methods: The performance of a point‐of‐care device (POCD) was studied in 168 patients with type 2 diabetes, estimating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) compared with conventional sural nerve conduction studies (NCS). Results: A POCD amplitude limit of 6 µV increased the sensitivity (96%) and NPV (98%), but decreased the specificity (71%) and PPV (54%) compared with the 4‐µV limit, which had values of 78%, 92%, 89%, and 71%, respectively. POCD on both legs showed better performance than on 1 leg. POCD amplitudes and conduction velocities correlated significantly with conventional sural NCS, but POCD values were underestimated compared with NCS. Discussion: The POCD may be used as a suitable screening tool for detection of DPN. Patients with abnormal and borderline results should undergo conventional NCS. Muscle Nerve 59:187–193, 2019
Algorithmic results for potential‐based flows: Easy and hard cases
Authors: Gross Martin , Pfetsch Marc E. , Schewe Lars , Schmidt Martin , Skutella Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPotential‐based flows are an extension of classical network flows in which the flow on an arc is determined by the difference of the potentials of its incident nodes. Such flows are unique and arise, for example, in energy networks. Two important algorithmic problems are to determine whether there exists a feasible flow and to maximize the flow between two designated nodes. We show that these problems can be solved for the single source and sink case by reducing the network to a single arc. However, if we additionally consider switches that allow to force the flow to 0 and decouple the potentials, these problems are NP‐hard. Nevertheless, for particular series‐parallel networks, one can use algorithms for the subset sum problem. Moreover, applying network presolving based on generalized series‐parallel structures allows to significantly reduce the size of realistic energy networks.
Construction and calibration of a field TDR monitoring station
Authors: Curioni G. , Chapman D.N. , Metje N. , Foo K.Y. , Cross J.D. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTTime‐Domain Reflectometry (TDR) has been used extensively in the past thirty years in order to measure soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity (), both in the laboratory and in the field. TDR can be effectively used in combination with geophysical techniques such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in order to provide information on relative dielectric permittivity and . As part of the Mapping the Underworld project, a TDR monitoring station was constructed with the aim of monitoring the geophysical parameters of the soil in a field case study. A rigorous methodology, utilizing the latest knowledge for calibration and analysis was followed and is thoroughly elucidated in this paper. The reasons behind the choice of the equipment setup are described, with the intention of providing a reference for similar TDR field installations. The precision and accuracy of TDR and the validation of the calibration procedures were assessed with laboratory and field tests. The standard deviation of several TDR measurements in the laboratory was on average smaller than 2% for both apparent permittivity and . The accuracy, expressed as the mean difference to reference values, was on average smaller than 2% and 3% of apparent permittivity and respectively, although higher errors, up to ≈ 5% and ≈ 7.5% respectively, were measured in media with very low apparent permittivity (i.e., air) and at values smaller than 0.0010 S/m. These results demonstrate that with the chosen methodology and setup, TDR can provide reliable data and can be used for long‐term geophysical monitoring. The data provided by TDR monitoring stations could contribute to a data base of geophysical properties for soils. This information may eventually be used to assist the fine tuning of shallow geophysical techniques such as GPR.
Recent advances in understanding the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis
Authors: Conlon Guy A , Murray Graeme I 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis review aims to provide an overview of recent developments regarding the roles of MMPs in tumour invasion and metastasis. Much of the mortality burden belonging to cancer relates to its ability to invade adjacent tissue and form metastases at distant sites. This would not be possible without remodelling of the ECM, a process which is enabled by the functions of MMPs. Recent studies provide a better understanding of the importance of the biophysical nature of the ECM, how this influences cancer cell motility, and how MMPs act to modify matrix stiffness. The regulation of MMPs and the role of immune cell generated MMPs has also become better understood. All of this provides a framework for the therapeutic targeting of MMPs and recent advances in the development of selective MMPs inhibitors are also reviewed. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer brushes grafted from graphene via bioinspired polydopamine chemistry and activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Meng Han , Li Yuchao , Sun Da , Zhan Yanhu , Ge Xiangcai , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPolymer brushes decorated reduced GO (rGO) with advanced applications have been prepared by bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) chemistry integrated with activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET‐ATRP) technique. First, rGO/PDA was obtained by the process for graphene oxide (GO) coated with a homogeneous bio‐adhesive PDA layer. Then the initiator 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB) was immobilized on the surface of PDA functionalized rGO. Finally, rGO/PDA‐Br was polymerized with N, N‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to obtain rGO/PDA‐g‐polymer brushes by ARGET‐ATRP process. The prepared rGO/PDA‐g‐PGMA brush would be subjected to further functionalization with ethylenediamine (EDA), which would impart the obtained products (rGO/PDA‐g‐PGMA‐NH2) with good adsorption ability toward cationic dyes. The chemical structures and morphologies of the functionalized GO products have been characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The distinctive pH‐responsive character of rGO/PDA‐g‐PDEAEMA and adsorption ability of rGO/PDA‐g‐PGMA‐NH2 for cationic dyes have been explored by UV–vis spectrophotometer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 689–698
Block copolymer‐directed synthesis of porous anatase for lithium‐ion battery electrodes
Authors: McRae Olivia F. , Xia Qingbo , Tjaberings Stefanie , Gröschel André H. , Ling Chris D. , Müllner Markus 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA templating method is developed to produce porous nanocrystalline anatase materials for negative electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Amphiphilic diblock copolymers are used to generate template films with phase‐separated internal structure. Subsequent swelling with acidified titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide (TALH) solution yielded structured hybrid films. Upon heating, the formation of TiO2 nanocrystals is induced, resulting in a three‐dimensional mesoporous structure directed by the bulk morphology of the polymer template. In comparison to commercial nanosized anatase, the structured anatase shows significant performance improvements in lithium‐ion coin cell batteries in terms of capacity, stability, and rate capability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1890–1896
An endemic flora of dispersed spores from the Middle Devonian of Iberia
Authors: Askew Alexander J. , Wellman Charles H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiverse assemblages of dispersed spores have been recovered from Middle Devonian rocks in northern Spain, revealing a significant endemism in the flora. Middle Devonian Iberia was part of a relatively isolated island complex (Armorican Terrane Assemblage), separated by considerable tracts of ocean from Laurussia to the north‐west and Gondwana to the south‐east. The Middle Devonian deposits of the Cantabrian Zone of northern Spain are entirely marine and comprise a thick clastic unit sandwiched between extensive carbonate units. The clastic unit, the laterally equivalent Naranco, Huergas and Gustalapiedra formations of Asturias, León and Palencia provinces, represents a nearshore‐offshore transect across a marine shelf. This unit is also believed to encompass the Kačák Event, an important global extinction event. The recovered palynomorphs include marine (phytoplankton, chitinozoans, scolecodonts) and terrestrial (spores) assemblages. These are abundant and well preserved, although of variable thermal maturity. Here, we describe the dispersed spores and consider their significance as regards biostratigraphy, palaeophytogeography and Kačák Event interpretation. The dispersed spores represent a single assemblage assignable to the lemurata–langii Assemblage Zone (lemurata Subzone) indicating a probable early (but not earliest) Givetian age. Signs of endemism include various taxa known only from this region, some taxa appearing to have discordant ranges compared with elsewhere, and the absence from Iberia of certain prominent taxa characteristic of coeval assemblages elsewhere, such as those with grapnel‐tipped processes. The abrupt interruption of carbonate deposition, with a change to rapid deposition of thick clastic deposits, provides support for a monsoonal cause of the Kačák Event.
Reduced expression of synapsin II in a chronic phencyclidine preclinical rat model of schizophrenia
Authors: Thomson Sharon , Dyck Bailey , Daya Ritesh , Ho Joella , Bernardo Ashley , Tian Yuxin , Mishra Ram K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSchizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction. Phencyclidine (PCP)—a N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist—induces symptoms indistinguishable from those of schizophrenia. A reduction of the phosphoprotein synapsin II has also been implicated in schizophrenia and has a well‐known role in the maintenance of the presynaptic reserve pool and vesicle mobilization. This study assessed the behavioral and biochemical outcomes of chronic NMDA receptor antagonism in rodents and its implications for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Sprague Dawley rats received saline or chronic PCP (5 mg/kg/day) for 14 days via surgically implanted Alzet® osmotic mini‐pumps. Following the treatment period, rats were tested with a series of behavioral paradigms, including locomotor activity, social interaction, and sensorimotor gating. Following behavioral assessment, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of all rats was isolated for synapsin II protein analysis. Chronic PCP treatment yielded a hyper‐locomotive state (p = 0.0256), reduced social interaction (p = 0.0005), and reduced pre‐pulse inhibition (p < 0.0001) in comparison to saline‐treated controls. Synapsin IIa (p < 0.0001) and IIb (p < 0.0071) levels in the mPFC of chronically treated PCP rats were reduced in comparison to the saline group. Study results confirm that rats subject to chronic PCP treatment display behavioral phenotypes similar to established preclinical animal models of schizophrenia. Reduction of synapsin II expression in this context implicates the role of this protein in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and sheds light on the longer‐term consequences of NMDA receptor antagonism facilitated by chronic PCP treatment.
Teacher–student negotiations during context‐based chemistry reform: A case study
Authors: Overman Michelle , Vermunt Jan D. , Meijer Paulien C. , Brekelmans Mieke 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTeachers participating in curricular reforms, especially reforms based on constructivism, are expected to bring about change in their teaching approach. This is often a difficult, complex and intensive process, and demands a radical reculturing of the classroom. This is also the case for social constructivist reforms in chemistry education, which are based on a context‐based approach. Educational change is a social and interactional process, and during this change teachers will engage in negotiations with their students about the reform. These teacher–student negotiations have a profound impact on the succeeding of the reform. This study explores the teacher–student interactions during the reform that shape and alter the context‐based chemistry approach. We focused on two teachers, of whom it was found in an earlier study that one of them succeeded in implementing the reform, while the other one struggled. By following them for one school year, in which in‐depth qualitative data was collected through various instruments, we developed insights about the teacher–student negotiations that influenced the educational reform. Three themes emerged from the data: “agency of learning,” “vulnerability,” and “care.” The differences that were found between the teachers regarding these themes help explain why and how the reform can become a success and why the reform often fails to change classroom practice.
Gobbling activity of eastern wild turkeys relative to male movements and female nesting phenology in South Carolina
Authors: Chamberlain Michael J. , Wightman Patrick H. , Cohen Bradley S. , Collier Bret A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) use a polygynous mating system, and males must balance fitness benefits of courtship displays against costs of their reproductive strategies. Wild turkeys are the only gamebird species in the contiguous United States hunted primarily during their reproductive period. Managers attempt to implement seasons that allow for hunter satisfaction while limiting effects to reproduction and ensuring sustainable populations. To minimize illegal harvest, managers often attempt to set spring hunting seasons when gobbling activity is high and females are actively incubating nests. Gobbling activity varies significantly both temporally and spatially, and relationships between gobbling activity and reproductive phenology are unclear. We used autonomous recording units and Global Positioning System transmitters to monitor gobbling activity by male eastern wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris) and evaluate fine‐scale movements of male wild turkeys and nesting chronology of females on the Webb Wildlife Management Area Complex in South Carolina, USA, during 2015–2016. Based on 19,126 gobbles and movement ecology data from 99 wild turkeys (70 F, 29 M), we found no discernable pattern to support the hypothesis that gobbling activity increases with onset of incubation by females. We also observed no definable relationship between daily movements of males and gobbling activity, likely driven by the considerable daily variability in gobbling activity. We noted apparent lags in gobbling activity relative to nest initiation (onset of laying), and offer that understanding mechanisms underlying these apparent lags may be important to improving our understanding of reproductive ecology in wild turkeys. Research evaluating confounding influences of hunting activity and male mortality during the breeding season on gobbling activity and wild turkey population dynamics is warranted. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.