bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Actinomycetes from Extreme Environments with Potential to Produce Novel Antibiotics
Authors: Trenozhnikova Lyudmila , Azizan Azliyati 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens pose serious challenges to healthcare institutions and health of the public. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new and effective antimicrobial agents. Microorganisms that exist in extreme environments such as those with high salinity or alkalinity, are known as extremophiles, and include various species of actinomycetes. The goal of this study is to discover novel antibiotics from extremophiles found in Kazakhstan that are effective against drug resistant pathogens.Methods: Soil from extreme environments of Kazakhstan was collected, and pure cultures of actinomycetes were isolated and cultured in modified Bennett’s broth with either high concentrations of salt or high pH to mimic extreme environments. Extracts obtained from selected actinomycetes strains were used to test for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger.Results: A total of 5936 strains of extremophile actinomycetes were isolated; from these, 2019 strains were further isolated into pure cultures. Of these, 415 actinomycetes strains that demonstrated antagonistic antibacterial activities were selected. These actinomycetes were further classified into groups and subgroups based on their responses to different culture conditions. Antimicrobial antagonism activity for some of the actinomycetes strains was dependent on culture conditions and development of aerial mycelia under extreme conditions.Conclusion: We identified several interesting candidate extracts with putative antimicrobial activities against several strains of drug resistant pathogens. Our research of the actinomycetes’ ability to produce antibiotics in the near-natural conditions provides a great opportunity to assess their biodiversity and distribution in the Central Asian region and to develop new methodological approaches to the screening of new antimicrobial agents.
Music Education as a Path to Positive Youth Development: An El Sistema-Inspired Program
Authors: Hospital Michelle Marie , Morris Staci Leon , Wagner Eric F. , Wales Eva 
Published: December 2018

The El Sistema music education philosophy links positive individual and social development through musical education. This study is a longitudinal examination of the impact of participation in an El Sistema-inspired program, the Miami Music Project, on positive youth development. We hypothesized that over the course of a school year, participation in ensemble-based after-school music programming would significantly enhance factors associated with positive youth development. Specifically, we evaluated social emotional constructs aligned with the Five Cs of Positive Youth Development: Competence, Confidence, Caring, Character, and Connection. Results revealed that participants showed significant increases across all five Cs over the course of the year. Additionally, findings showed that Miami Music Project students showed greater enhancements over time in Character, Competence and Caring when compared to a group of youth who did not participate in music education. This study presents empirical documentation of the numerous meaningful social and emotional enhancements that participation in an El Sistema-inspired program is engendering among youth. In this type of rigorous orchestral model of musical instruction, youth seem to acquire not only cognitive benefits but also a host of social and emotional enhancements, ostensibly from learning in an environment that requires disciplined social cohesion. These findings provide insight into the holistic approach foundational to the El Sistema philosophy and adds to our overall understanding of musical instruction in important ways.
Curriculum Review: Relationship Smarts Plus 4.0
Authors: Chan Alexander E. 
Published: December 2018

The Relationship Smarts Plus curriculum contains 13 lessons regarding identity, principles of healthy dating, and communication skills. Lessons also include warning signs of abusive relationship and address the issue of intimate partner violence. At its core, the curriculum is built to teach youth how to realistically assess their real and potential dating relationships before making commitments or engaging in behaviors that may lead to unintentional commitments. This is a useful curriculum for educators seeking to engage a teen audience with research-informed activities in an area where teens have few sources of reputable information.
“Little Girl Bay,” Frontier, and Folklore: Fitzgerald's Use of Regional History in The Great Gatsby
Authors: Kenyon Julie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
F. Scott Fitzgerald made deliberate, artistic choices in depicting the Midwest. In The Great Gatsby, he chose “Little Girl Bay” as the setting for James Gatz's transformation into Jay Gatsby on the shores of Lake Superior. Fitzgerald's setting is based on Little Girl's Point on Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Historic information about this frontier setting illuminates Gatz's transformation and grounds his traits in regional history. This article explores the setting's proximity to logging and mining camps, infamous turn-of-the-twentieth-century Hurley, Wisconsin, saloons and brothels, and the confluence of immigrant newcomers and indigenous people. It places significant focus on Henry R. Schoolcraft's Ojibwe folktale “Leelinau, or The Lost Daughter” as the basis for the name of Little Girl's Point as handed down by Schoolcraft's wife, Bamewawagezhikaquay (Jane J. Schoolcraft). The tale, which parallels motifs in The Great Gatsby, tells of a young maiden who runs off with her fairy lover. At night her moonlit figure is seen on the shore by fishermen across the waters. When they approach, she flees, sheltered by her lover's green plumes.
Gatsby? Which
Gatsby? How the Novel Fares in Italian Translation
Authors: Wardle Mary 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
While anyone proficient in English can read Fitzgerald's texts as he wrote them, for millions of non-English speakers the only option is to rely on translations. The Great Gatsby alone has been translated into at least forty-two different languages. If we take into account that often more than one translation exists within each individual language community, we have to ask ourselves: are we all reading the same text? The novel under examination will be The Great Gatsby and its fifteen Italian translations to date. This article will first follow the editorial journey of the work in Italy, with focus on the first two translations. It will also discuss paratextual elements—the publishing companies, the series within which the novel appeared, dust jackets, product positioning, and so on—and will then concentrate on the transformation of the actual text. One of the debates within translation studies is how “faithful” the translator can or should remain to the original. This article will analyze the varying degrees of freedom available and the consequent effect on an audience which, for linguistic reasons, does not have access to the original version. Elements under investigation will include vocabulary, syntax, and stylistic devices—with specific attention to the way in which culture-specific references have been handled.
Úvod do etnoošetrovateľského výskumu
Authors: Červený Martin , Kilíková Mária 
Published: December 2018

Predmetom príspevku je problematika etnoošetrovateľského výskumu, ako proces na zmapovanie kultúrnych javov a faktorov ovplyvňujúcich vnímanie zdravia. V transkultúrnom ošetrovateľstve sú postupy starostlivosti založené na vedeckých dôkazoch, ktoré výskumníci získali práve uplatnením procesu etnoošetrovateľského výskumu. Vznik a uplatnenie menovaného procesu skúmania súvisí s menom profesorky ošetrovateľstva a kultúrnej antropológie Madeleine Leininger. Výsledky jej skúmania, teoretické pohľady by mali aplikovať osoby poskytujúce ošetrovateľskú starostlivosť v multikultúrnom prostredí, ale aj tí, ktorí majú za cieľ uplatňovať princípy humanizmu v praxi.
Editorial
Authors: Brinkmann Svend , Tanggaard Lene 
Published: December 2018

This is the first issue of a new journal, entitled Qualitative Studies. We hope that this new journal will become a central forum for discussions of qualitative research in psychology, education, communication, cultural studies, health sciences and social sciences in general. Qualitative Studies is peer-reviewed and publishes papers in English and the Scandinavian languages in any of these areas. We are interested in papers that discuss qualitative methods, their promises, problems and philosophies, and also papers that apply such methods in concrete qualitative studies. We aim to publish two issues a year, but since Qualitative Studies is an open access and web-based journal, we can allow ourselves some flexibility in this regard, and for example choose to publish additional special issues, if such options arise.

Qualitative Studies is associated with the Center for Qualitative Studies at Aalborg University in Denmark (www.cqs.aau.dk). But we hope that potential authors from other universities in Denmark and the rest of the world will take an interest in Qualitative Studies as an outlet for their work. In preparing this first issue, we have received a fair amount of manuscripts, many of which are still under review, but in order to show that Qualitative Studies is alive as a journal, we have chosen to publish this first issue with four articles, two of which are in English and two of which are in Danish.

Together, these articles show the scope of themes and approaches that we hope will flourish in Qualitative Studies. Abbey and Zittoun offer a semiotic analysis of interview processes, Kristensen analyses power dynamics as reflected in people’s everyday lives, in casu modern traffic, Klausen reports a study of parkour, an art of urban movement, and Frimann & Jantzen present a cultural-poetic analysis of a short interaction sequence at a gas station. All articles integrate theory and empirical material in fruitful, albeit very different, ways. We hope that this will inspire future contributors to Qualitative Studies. As a journal its mission is on the one hand to discuss qualitative methods, but equally important to be a forum for the publication of qualitative studies that contribute to our knowledge about the human, social and cultural world.

We wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, whose generous comments have helped improve the quality of the manuscripts and also our editorial board.

We look forward to seeing how Qualitative Studies will develop!

The Editors,
Svend Brinkmann, email: svendb@hum.aau.dk
Lene Tanggaard, email: lenet@hum.aau.dk
Acid Rain Science and Politics in Japan
Authors: Wilkening Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2018

Acid Rain Science and Politics in Japan is a pioneering work in environmental and Asian history as well as an in-depth analysis of the influence of science on domestic and international environmental politics. Kenneth Wilkening's study also illuminates the global struggle to create sustainable societies.
The Meiji Restoration of 1868 ended Japan's era of isolation- created self-sufficiency and sustainability. The opening of the country to Western ideas and technology not only brought pollution problems associated with industrialization (including acid rain) but also scientific techniques for understanding and combating them. Wilkening identifies three pollution-related "sustainability crises" in modern Japanese history: copper mining in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which spurred Japan's first acid rain research and policy initiatives; horrendous post-World War II domestic industrial pollution, which resulted in a "hidden" acid rain problem; and the present-day global problem of transboundary pollution, in which Japan is a victim of imported acid rain. He traces the country's scientific and policy responses to these crises through six distinct periods related to acid rain problems and argues that Japan's leadership role in East Asian acid rain science and policy today can be explained in large part by the "historical scientific momentum" generated by efforts to confront the issue since 1868, reinforced by Japan's cultural affinity with rain (its "culture of rain"). Wilkening provides an overview of nature, culture, and the acid rain problem in Japan to complement the general set of concepts he develops to analyze the interface of science and politics in environmental policymaking. He concludes with a discussion of lessons from Japan's experience that can be applied to the creation of sustainable societies worldwide.
The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge
Authors: Berwick Robert C. 
Published: December 2018

This landmark work in computational linguistics is of great importance both theoretically and practically because it shows that much of English grammar can be learned by a simple program. The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge investigates the central questions of human and machine cognition: How do people learn language? How can we get a machine to learn language? It first presents an explicit computational model of language acquisition which can actually learn rules of English syntax given a sequence of grammatical, but otherwise unprepared, sentences. It shows that natural languages are designed to be easily learned and easily processed-an exciting breakthrough from the point of view of artificial intelligence and the design of expert systems because it shows how extensive knowledge might be acquired automatically, without outside intervention. Computationally, the book demonstrates how constraints that may be reasonably assumed to aid sentence processing also aid language acquisition. Chapters in the book's second part apply computational methods to the general problem of developmental growth, particularly the thorny problem of the interaction between innate genetic endowment and environmental input, with the intent of uncovering the constraints on the acquisition of syntactic knowledge. A number of "mini-theories" of learning are incorporated in this study of syntax with results that should appeal to a wide range of scholarly interests. These include how lexical categories, phonological rule systems, and phrase structure rules are learned; the role of semantic-syntactic interaction in language acquisition; how a "parameter setting" model may be formalized as a learning procedure; how multiple constraints (from syntax, thematic knowledge, or phrase structure) interact to aid acquisition; how transformational-type rules may be learned; and, the role of lexical ambiguity in language acquisition.
The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge is sixteenth in the Artificial Intelligence Series, edited by Patrick Winston and Michael Brady.
The Largest Art
Authors: Ryan Brent D. 
Published: December 2018

Why urban design is larger than architecture: the foundational qualities of urban design, examples and practitioners
Urban design in practice is incremental, but architects imagine it as scaled-up architecture—large, ready-to-build pop-up cities. This paradox of urban design is rarely addressed; indeed, urban design as a discipline lacks a theoretical foundation. In The Largest Art, Brent Ryan argues that urban design encompasses more than architecture, and he provides a foundational theory of urban design beyond the architectural scale. In a “declaration of independence” for urban design, Ryan describes urban design as the largest of the building arts, with qualities of its own.
Ryan distinguishes urban design from its sister arts by its pluralism: plural scale, ranging from an alleyway to a region; plural time, because it is deeply enmeshed in both history and the present; plural property, with many owners; plural agents, with many makers; and plural form, with a distributed quality that allows it to coexist with diverse elements of the city. Ryan looks at three well-known urban design projects through the lens of pluralism: a Brancusi sculptural ensemble in Romania, a Bronx housing project, and a formally and spatially diverse grouping of projects in Ljubljana, Slovenia. He revisits the thought of three plural urbanists working between 1960 and 1980: David Crane, Edmund Bacon, and Kevin Lynch. And he tells three design stories for the future, imaginary scenarios of plural urbanism in locations around the world.
Ryan concludes his manifesto with three signal considerations urban designers must acknowledge: eternal change, inevitable incompletion, and flexible fidelity. Cities are ceaselessly active, perpetually changing. It is the urban designer's task to make art with aesthetic qualities that can survive perpetual change.
Lifelong Kindergarten
Authors: Resnick Mitchel 
Published: December 2018

How lessons from kindergarten can help everyone develop the creative thinking skills needed to thrive in today's society.
In kindergartens these days, children spend more time with math worksheets and phonics flashcards than building blocks and finger paint. Kindergarten is becoming more like the rest of school. In Lifelong Kindergarten, learning expert Mitchel Resnick argues for exactly the opposite: the rest of school (even the rest of life) should be more like kindergarten. To thrive in today's fast-changing world, people of all ages must learn to think and act creatively—and the best way to do that is by focusing more on imagining, creating, playing, sharing, and reflecting, just as children do in traditional kindergartens.
Drawing on experiences from more than thirty years at MIT's Media Lab, Resnick discusses new technologies and strategies for engaging young people in creative learning experiences. He tells stories of how children are programming their own games, stories, and inventions (for example, a diary security system, created by a twelve-year-old girl), and collaborating through remixing, crowdsourcing, and large-scale group projects (such as a Halloween-themed game called Night at Dreary Castle, produced by more than twenty kids scattered around the world). By providing young people with opportunities to work on projects, based on their passions, in collaboration with peers, in a playful spirit, we can help them prepare for a world where creative thinking is more important than ever before.
Artificial Love
Authors: Shepheard Paul 
Published: December 2018

A vision of architecture that includes sculpture, machines, and technology and encapsulates the history of the human species.
According to Paul Shepheard, architecture is the rearranging of the world for human purposes. Sculpture, machines, and landscapes are all architecture-every bit as much as buildings are. In his writings, Shepheard examines old assumptions about architecture and replaces the critical theory of the academic with the active theory of the architect-citizen enamored of the world around him.
Artificial Love weaves together three stories about architecture into one. The first, about machines as architecture, leads to speculations about technology and the human condition and to the assertion that machines are the sculptures of today. The second story is about the ways that architecture reflects the tribal and personal desires of those who make it. In the West, ideas of community, multiculturalism, and globalization compete furiously, leaving architecture to exist as it always has, as the past in the present. The third story features individual people experiencing their lives in the context of architecture. Here, Shepheard borrows the rhetorical device of Shakespeare's seven ages of man to propose that each person's life imitates the accumulating history of the human species. Shepheard's version of the history of humans is a technological one, in which machines become sculpture and sculpture becomes architecture. For Shepheard, our machines do not separate us from nature. Rather, our technology is our nature, and we cannot but be in harmony with nature. The change that we have wrought in the world, he says, is a wonderful and powerful thing.
Cost Proxy Models and Telecommunications Policy
Authors: Gasmi Farid , Kennet D. Mark , Laffont Jean-Jacques , Sharkey William W. 
Published: December 2018

An empirical approach to understanding telecommunications regulation based on the use of a sophisticated engineering cost proxy model.
The telecommunications industry defies easy characterization. The long-distance sector is highly competitive and the local exchange sector much less so, while digital transmission and switching have blurred the distinction between traditional voice communication and the transmission of video and data messages. Regulation of this industry has generally been considered necessary because it has aspects of a natural monopoly.
This book takes an empirical approach to natural monopoly and the need for regulation of telecommunications. The centerpiece of the analysis is a sophisticated engineering cost proxy model, the local exchange cost optimization model (LECOM). The book, which is largely methodological, shows that a combination of LECOM, econometrics, and simulations can aid policy discussion of such contentious issues as incentive regulation, natural monopolies, estimating the cost of interconnection among networks, and the obligation of universal service. The book presents a theoretical framework to explain the incentives of firms and the power of regulation and then uses LECOM to test the theoretical implications. The work is unusual in that it applies the foundations of regulation theory to a model of an industry rather than applying econometric theory to historical cost data. The book includes a CD-ROM containing the data set the authors used to analyze their model.
Crisis on Campus
Authors: Decoo Wilfried 
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive guide to the handling of cases of academic misconduct.
Crisis on Campus presents an overview of the phenomenon and handling of academic misconduct. After a brief historical background, it discusses contemporary circumstances that affect the nature and frequency of academic misconduct. It then details the phases of misconduct discovery and investigation: detection, analysis, assessment, reporting, and institutional handling. The final chapter deals with prevention. The book focuses on concrete cases, showing the complexities and ambiguities in dealing with presumed academic misconduct. The book also provides practical advice to both whistle-blowers and those accused of academic misconduct.
The book pays special attention to plagiarism as one of the most frequent but also most complex forms of academic misconduct. It analyzes the various degrees of possible plagiarism, detection techniques, challenges in proving plagiarism, and denial tactics. It gives valuable advice on how to report and handle cases of alleged plagiarism, both by students and by professionals.
Bradford Books imprint