bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Core Logging Technology for Geotechnical Assessment: A Study on Core from the Cadia East Porphyry Deposit
Authors: Harraden Cassady L. , Cracknell Matthew J. , Lett James , Berry Ron F. , Carey Ronell , Harris Anthony C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Cadia East porphyry deposit, located approximately 20 km south of Orange, New South Wales, Australia, contains a significant resource of copper and gold. This resource is hosted within the Forest Reefs Volcanics and is spatially and temporally associated with the Cadia Intrusive Complex. To extract ore, the underground mine currently uses the block cave mining method. The Cadia East geotechnical model provides data inputs into a range of numerical and empirical analysis methods that make up the foundation for mine design. These data provide input into the construction of stress models, caveability models, ground support design, and fragmentation analysis. This geotechnical model encompasses two commonly used rock classification systems that quantify ground conditions: (1) rock mass rating (RMR) and (2) rock tunneling quality index (Q index). The RMR and Q index are calculated from estimates of rock quality designation (RQD), number of fracture sets, fracture roughness, fracture alteration, and fracture spacing. Geologists and geotechnical engineers collect information used to produce these estimates by manually logging sections of drill core, a time-consuming task that can result in inconsistent data.
Modern automated core scanning technologies offer opportunities to rapidly collect data from larger samples of drill core. These automated core logging systems generate large volumes of spatially and spectrally consistent data, including a model of the drill core surface from a laser profiling system. Core surface models are used to extract detailed measurements of fracture location, orientation, and roughness from oriented drill core. These data are combined with other morphological and mineralogical outputs from automated hyperspectral core logging systems to estimate RMR and the Q index systematically over contiguous drill core intervals. The goal of this study was to develop a proof-of-concept methodology that extracts geotechnical index parameters from hyperspectral and laser topographic data collected from oriented drill core.
Hyperspectral data from the Cadia East mine were used in this case study to assess the methods. The results show that both morphological and mineralogical parameters that contribute to the RMR and Q index can be extracted from the automated core logging data. This approach provides an opportunity to capture consistent geologic, mineralogical, and geotechnical data at a scale that is too time-consuming to achieve via manual data collection.
Do wastewater treatment plants increase antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the environment? Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Rodríguez-Molina Daloha , Mang Petra , Schmitt Heike , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Radon Katja , Wengenroth Laura 
Published: May 2019

Background. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Water from human activities is collected at wastewater treatment plants where processes often do not sufficiently neutralize antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes, which are further shed into the local environment. This protocol outlines the steps to conduct a systematic review based on the Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcome (PECO) framework, aiming at answering the question Are antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteriaceae and antimicrobial resistance genes present (O) in air and water samples (P) taken either near or downstream or downwind or down-gradient from wastewater treatment plants (E), as compared to air and water samples taken either further away or upstream or upwind or up-gradient from such wastewater treatment plant (C)? Presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes will be quantitatively measured by extracting their prevalence or concentration, depending on the reviewed study.
Methods. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane database and Web of Science for original articles published from 01-Jan-2000 to 03-Sep-2018 with language restriction. Articles will undergo a relevance and a design screening process. Data from eligible articles will be extracted by two independent reviewers. Further, we will perform a risk of bias assessment using a decision matrix. We will synthesize and present results in narrative and tabular form and will perform a meta-analysis if heterogeneity of results allows it.
Discussion. Antibiotic resistance in environmental samples around wastewater treatment plants may pose a risk of exposure to workers and nearby residents. Results from the systematic review outlined in this protocol will allow to estimate the extend of exposure, to inform policy making and help to design future studies.
Perception and Farmer Know-How on Conservation Techniques for Cereals and Pulses in the Far North of Cameroon
Authors: Carine Mala , Sévilor Kekeunou , Venasius Lendzemo , Elias Nukenine 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The storage and preservation of agricultural products remain the only conditions ensuring the almost permanent availability of foodstuffs. However, infestations due to insects and microorganisms are very often noted.
Objective: This present work aimed at understanding farmers' constraints, perceptions, and know-how on the post-harvest conservation of cereals and pulses.
Place and Duration of Study: A survey was conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 among 320 producers in the Far North region (Cameroon).
Methodology: The questionnaire consisted of closed and open questions which mainly related to the principal stored grains, the main constraints, and the usual means of control of stocks. The interview was conducted in a local language (Fulfulde), Arabic and/or French during 25 minutes for each participant. Insect stock photos were also presented to the participants for confirmation of the information given.
Results: The results show that producers in our study area are aware of the post-harvest damage and adopt stock control techniques according to the nature of the products, the fate of the grain and the storage structure. The main food crops grown are sorghum (44.4%), cowpea (24.1%) and maize (15.60%). Six main types of storage structure; three methods of storing foodstuffs, five modes of packaging and, six usual methods of control were identified but store maintenance and warehouse monitoring (56.25%) was the most used. According to respondents, insects are the main causes of post-harvest losses. 11 species belonging to four orders were recorded.
Conclusion: The producers in our study area are aware of the post-harvest damage and adopt stock control techniques according to the nature of the products, the fate of the grain and the storage structure. But this control would be more efficient if all producers had access to training on storage techniques, isothermal bags or the use of resistant varietal genotypes.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Associated With a High Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients Leading to Poor Outcomes and a Higher Cost: Results From Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database 2003‐2011
Authors: Kishore Shweta , Jatwani Shraddha , Malhotra Bharat , Lirette Seth T. , Mittal Varun , Majithia Vikas 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients, particularly those with autoimmune disorders. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was analyzed to determine trends in the rate of hospitalization, mortality from VTE, epidemiology, and outcomes in hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to assess its impact.MethodsThe 2003‐2011 NIS database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project was queried to identify all adults (age 18 years and older) hospitalized with SLE and VTE. Demographic characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes of this population were compared with those of patients with SLE without a VTE diagnosis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the adjusted odds ratio (OR).ResultsThe total number of hospitalized patients with SLE was 299 595, of whom 9175 (3.06%) had VTE. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with those without VTE, patients with SLE and VTE had significantly higher inpatient mortality (5% vs. 2.0%; OR 2.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10‐2.62]; P < 0.001), greater disability at discharge (34% vs. 26%; OR 1.53 [95% CI 1.46‐1.62]; P < 0.001), a longer length of stay (LOS) by 3.57 days, and higher cost of hospitalization by $25 400. In this database, patients with SLE and VTE were younger and of male sex. Also, African American race and a higher number of comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of VTE in patients with SLE.ConclusionVTE in hospitalized patients with SLE is associated with significantly higher inpatient mortality, greater disability at discharge, an increased LOS, and higher cost of hospitalization. This cross‐sectional study helps with quantifying the risk of VTE in hospitalized patients with SLE and provides information on the immense human and material cost this complication leads to. These data can be very useful in the development and implementation of appropriate prophylactic strategies in the high‐risk population with SLE.
Lateral and Vertical Flow Assays for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
Authors: Jiang Nan , Ahmed Rajib , Damayantharan Mylon , Ünal Barış , Butt Haider , Yetisen Ali K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) have been the pillar of rapid point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics due to their simplicity, rapid process, and low cost. Recent advances in sensitivity, selectivity, and chemical stability enhancement have ensured the foothold of LFAs in commercial POC diagnostics. This paper reviews recent developments in labeling strategies and detection methods of LFAs. Moreover, vertical flow assays (VFAs) have emerged as an alternate paper‐based assay due to faster detection time and unique multiplexing capabilities. Smartphones as LFA readers have been transformed into a universal integrated platform for imaging, data processing, and storage, providing quantitative results in low‐resource settings. Commercial LFAs and VFAs products are evaluated with regards to their performance, market trends, and regulatory issues. The future outlook of the flow‐based assays for POC diagnostics is also discussed.
Caloric Effects in Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Barman Abhisikta , Kar‐Narayan Sohini , Mukherjee Devajyoti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerovskite oxides show an amazing diversity of electronic and magnetic properties along with a myriad of structural variants and phase transitions. Large thermal changes may be driven near the ferroic phase transitions in perovskite oxides using magnetic, electric, and stress fields to manipulate conjugate order parameters. The ensuing magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, and mechanocaloric effects can be utilized for environment‐friendly and high‐efficiency solid‐state cooling applications. In this review the details of these caloric effects in perovskite oxides both from a chronological perspective and from the viewpoint of the recent advances in multiple caloric phenomena are described. The authors highlight the role of interfaces in oxide thin films for the different caloric effects and address some of the outstanding challenges for the fundamental understanding and practical implementation of perovskite oxides in solid state refrigeration.
Indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐Based [2,2]Cyclophanes with 4n/4n and 4n/[4n+2] π Electrons: Syntheses, Structural Analyses, and Excitonic Coupling Properties
Authors: Wang Chi‐Shin , Wei Yu‐Chen , Chang Kai‐Hsin , Chou Pi‐Tai , Wu Yao‐Ting 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIndeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐based [2,2]cyclophanes with 4n/4n and 4n/[4n+2] π‐electron systems were prepared, and their structures were identified by X‐ray crystallography. With short π–π distances around 3.0 Å, [2.2](5,11)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorenophane and its precursor [2.2](5,11)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐dionophane exhibit remarkable transannular interactions, leading to their unusual electrochemical and photophysical properties. With the aid of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, the transition from the monomeric excited state to the redshifted H‐type dimeric state was first observed, correlating to the calculated excitonic energy splitting and the steady‐state absorption spectra induced by charge‐transfer‐mediated superexchange interaction.
Unexpected Macrocyclic Multinuclear Zinc and Nickel Complexes that Function as Multitasking Catalysts for CO2 Fixations
Authors: Takaishi Kazuto , Nath Bikash Dev , Yamada Yuya , Kosugi Hiroyasu , Ema Tadashi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnique self‐assembled macrocyclic multinuclear ZnII and NiII complexes with binaphthyl‐bipyridyl ligands (L) were synthesized. X‐ray analysis revealed that these complexes consisted of an outer ring (Zn3L3 or Ni3L3) and an inner core (Zn2 or Ni). In the ZnII complex, the inner Zn2 part rotated rapidly inside the outer ring in solution on an NMR timescale. These complexes exhibited dual catalytic activities for CO2 fixations: synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 and temperature‐switched N‐formylation/N‐methylation of amines with CO2 and hydrosilane.
Bioinspired Oxidative Cyclization of the Geissoschizine Skeleton for Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Mavacuran Alkaloids
Authors: Jarret Maxime , Turpin Victor , Tap Aurélien , Gallard Jean‐François , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Poupon Erwan , Vincent Guillaume , Evanno Laurent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReported is the enantioselective total syntheses of mavacuran alkaloids, (+)‐taberdivarine H, (+)‐16‐hydroxymethyl‐pleiocarpamine, and (+)‐16‐epi‐pleiocarpamine, and their postulated biosynthetic precursor 16‐formyl‐pleiocarpamine. This family of monoterpene indole alkaloids is a target of choice since some of its members are subunits of intricate bisindole alkaloids such as bipleiophylline. Inspired by the biosynthetic hypothesis, an oxidative coupling approach from the geissoschizine framework to form the N1−C16 bond was explored. Quaternization of the aliphatic nitrogen center was key to achieving the oxidative coupling induced by KHMDS/I2 as it masks the nucleophilicity of the aliphatic nitrogen center and locks in the required cis conformation.
Nature‐derived fibrous nanomaterial toward biomedicine and environmental remediation: Today's state and future prospects
Authors: Ngwabebhoh Fahanwi Asabuwa , Yildiz Ufuk 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTNanocellulose (NC) among all renewable biopolymers has proven to be one of the most applicable existing nanomaterials, attributed to its fascinating diverse range of physicochemical properties. Herein, this review presents elaborately updates on current research activities focused on developed materials with NC as bycomponent for application particularly in the field of biomedicine and wastewater remediation. A brief introduction on structural properties, production as well as surface features of NC is elucidated. Next, are highlights on usage of nanocellulosic polymeric materials in biomedicine including drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, wound dressing, medical implants and in addition, applications of NC as adsorbent in the field of environmental remediation are also outlined. This section will mainly focus on the consolidation of NC with other additives to develop flexible substrates via incorporation of new functional moieties. Finally, future perspectives as well as main challenges and impediments on working with nanocellulosic‐based materials are explored in an effort to ameliorate the development and effective usage of this nanomaterial in biomedicine and water remediation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47878.
Synthesis and antiageing properties of antioxidant pseudopeptides designed based on the bioisostere principle
Authors: Li Yanbing , Zhang Chao , Wang Huailing , Zhou Fan , Liu Jie , Tang Yinying , Jiang Zhenlei , Liu Zhijun , Chen Heru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNineteen antioxidant pseudopeptides were designed and synthesized. They were confirmed as mild antioxidants, in which L1‐11 was the most active antioxidant with a cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) value of 5.65 ± 0.64 μmol QE/g, and L1‐12 was the second most active one (5.58 ± 0.66 μmol QE/g). The existence of nonnatural amino acids in L1‐12 increased its stability. Pretreatment with L1‐12 dose‐dependently extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. L1‐12 improved resistance against UVB irradiation, oxidative stress induced by paraquat, and thermal shock. It decreased the reactive oxygen species level and upregulated the superoxide dismutase activity inside C. elegans. This pseudopeptide sensitively enhanced the expressions of the Cat‐1 and Nhr‐8 genes to reduce oxidative damage, leading to an extension of the lifespan. All the evidence support that L1‐12 may probably be a potential antiageing agent.
Rational Design and Identification of Small‐Molecule Allosteric Inhibitors of CD38
Authors: Yang Lixin , Li Ting , Li Songlu , Wu Yang , Shi Xiaomeng , Jin Hongwei , Liu Zhenming , Zhao Yongjuan , Zhang Liangren , Lee Hon Cheung , Zhang Lihe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCD38 is a multi‐functional signaling enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of two calcium‐mobilizing second messengers: cyclic ADP‐ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate. It also regulates intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contents, associated with multiple pathophysiological processes such as aging and cancer. As such, enzymatic inhibitors of CD38 offer great potential in drug development. Here, through virtual screening and enzymatic assays, we discovered compound LX‐102, which targets CD38 on the side opposite its enzymatic pocket with a binding affinity of 7.7 μm. It inhibits the NADase activity of CD38 with an IC50 of 14.9 μm. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry experiments verified that LX‐102 competitively binds to the epitope of the therapeutic SAR 650984 antibody in an allosteric manner. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to demonstrate the binding dynamics of CD38 with the allosteric ligand. In summary, we established that the cavity to which SAR 650984 binds was an allosteric site and was accessible for the rational design of small chemical modulators of CD38. The lead compound LX‐102 that we identified in this study could also be a useful tool for probing CD38 functions and promoting drug discovery.
Western Blotting with Solutions containing Nanoliter Volumes of Antibody
Authors: Cruz Walma David A. , Collins Joshua W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhether screening small mammal serum during antibody production or attempting to preserve a stock of precious antibody, this protocol's western blotting method using aliquots containing nanoliter volumes of antibody will benefit researchers. Time‐tested western blotting workflows allowing separation and analysis of proteins are routinely utilized in clinical and laboratory settings. The necessity for relatively large quantities of antibody is a major limitation to this universal tool. This article provides a step‐by‐step protocol for detecting proteins of interest with solutions containing nanoliter volumes of antibody without altering the preceding gel electrophoresis and transfer methods. Important considerations, frequently encountered problems, and means of optimizing reproducibility are discussed. Complementary diagrams, images, and videos are provided. The protocol is demonstrated using 0.3 nanoliters of anti‐serum to detect fibronectin in a human foreskin fibroblast cell line. Finally, two support protocols detailing methods of extracting proteins from cultured cells are reported. Published 2019. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Influence of Perfluorohexane‐Enriched Atmosphere on Viscoelasticity and Structural Order of Self‐Assembled Semifluorinated Alkanes at the Air‐Water Interface
Authors: Mielke Salomé , Abuillan Wasim , Veschgini Mariam , Liu Xianhe , Konovalov Oleg , Krafft Marie Pierre , Tanaka Motomu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAbstract: Semifluorinated alkanes FnHm self‐assemble into nanometer‐sized surface micelles at the air‐water interface. In this study, we investigated how an atmosphere enriched with perfluorohexane (PFH) influences the interfacial viscoelasticity and structural order of a monolayer of FnHm by the combination of dilational rheology and grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). The monolayers behaved predominantly elastic which can be attributed to the strong dipole repulsions of the surface domains. Enrichment of the atmosphere with PFH lead to an increase of the compressibility and a decrease of the elastic modulus without altering the structural ordering of the FnHm molecules into highly correlated nanodomains, suggesting the adsorption of PFH molecules to the free spaces between the domains. The capability of FnHm domains to retain the structural integrity in the presence of PFH gas is promising for the fabrication of stable microbubbles for sonographic imaging.
Short‐Lived Radical Intermediates in the Photochemistry of Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Nag Lipsa , Lukacs Andras , Vos Marten H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlucose oxidase is a flavoprotein that is relatively well‐studied as a physico‐chemical model system. The flavin cofactor is surrounded by several aromatic acid residues that can act as direct and indirect electron donors to photoexcited flavin. Yet, the identity of the photochemical product states is not well established. We present a detailed full spectral reinvestigation of this issue using femtosecond fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. Based on a recent characterization of the unstable tyrosine cation radical TyrOH•+, we now propose that the primary photoproduct involves this species, which was previously not considered. Formation of this product is followed by competing charge recombination and radical pair stabilization reactions that involve proton transfer and radical transfer to tryptophan. A minimal kinetic model is proposed, including a fraction of TyrOH.+ that is stabilized up to the tens of picoseconds timescale, suggesting a potential role of this species as intermediate in biochemical electron transfer reactions.