bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of coagulation‐ultrafiltration‐nanofiltration in a pilot study for Tai Lake water treatment
Authors: Li Tian , Zhang Yunlu , Gui Bo , Gao Kuo , Zhao Qingqing , Qu Ruixin , Liu Tuodong , Hoffmann Michael , Staaks Christian , Dong Bingzhi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, the inline coagulation was combined with ultrafiltration and nanofiltration (UF‐NF) in a pilot study for Tai Lake water treatment. The results showed that the combination process was very effective for Tai Lake water treatment in terms of organic removal and membrane fouling control. With inline coagulation, no irreversible membrane fouling was observed for either UF or NF at fluxes of 65–90 and 22–26 L/(m2 hr), respectively. The membrane foulants were analyzed, and the results indicated that the low molecular weight fractions in the feed were main membrane fouling contributors for both UF and NF, where hydrophilic substances and proteins, as well as neutral substances and humic acids with polycarboxyl groups, contributed significantly to UF and NF membrane fouling, respectively. Compared with direct UF‐NF filtration without coagulation, the coagulants could aggregate organic micromolecules for cake formation. With inline coagulation, the moving flocs could generate shear stress to scrub the membrane surface for fouling control of UF. Moreover, with inline coagulation, the organics removal efficiency could be further increased by 10%–20%. With NF, the permeate had a TOC concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L, satisfying the drinking water quality. Therefore, the coagulation‐UF‐NF is very useful for Tai Lake water treatment.Practitioner points

Inline coagulation‐UF‐NF for Tai Lake Water treatment is implemented.

Inline coagulation can aggregate hydrophilic substances to reduce membrane fouling.

Moving flocs produce shear stress for fouling control of UF‐NF.

Superior quality of permeate is achieved with the combined coagulation‐UF‐NF process.
High-resolution mapping of a major and consensus quantitative trait locus for oil content to a ~ 0.8-Mb region on chromosome A08 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Liu Nian , Guo Jianbin , Zhou Xiaojing , Wu Bei , Huang Li , Luo Huaiyong , Chen Yuning , Chen Weigang , Lei Yong , Huang Yi , Liao Boshou , Jiang Huifang 
Published: September 2019

Key message
ddRAD-seq-based high-density genetic map comprising 2595 loci identified a major and consensus QTL with a linked marker in a 0.8-Mb physical interval for oil content in peanut.

Abstract
Enhancing oil content is an important breeding objective in peanut. High-resolution mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with linked markers could facilitate marker-assisted selection in breeding for target traits. In the present study, a recombined inbred line population (Xuhua 13 × Zhonghua 6) was used to construct a genetic map based on double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). The resulting high-density genetic map contained 2595 loci, and spanned a length of 2465.62 cM, with an average distance of 0.95 cM/locus. Seven QTLs for oil content were identified on five linkage groups, including the major and stable QTL qOCA08.1 on chromosome A08 with 10.14–27.19% phenotypic variation explained. The physical interval of qOCA08.1 was further delimited to a ~ 0.8-Mb genomic region where two genes affecting oil synthesis had been annotated. The marker SNPOCA08 was developed targeting the SNP loci associated with oil content and validated in peanut cultivars with diverse oil contents. The major and stable QTL identified in the present study could be further dissected for gene discovery. Furthermore, the tightly linked marker for oil content would be useful in marker-assisted breeding in peanut.
Incidence of major depression diagnoses in the Canadian Armed Forces: longitudinal analysis of clinical and health administrative data
Authors: Thériault François L. , Hawes R. A. , Garber B. G. , Momoli F. , Gardner W. , Zamorski M. A. , Colman I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeMajor depression is a leading cause of morbidity in military populations. However, due to a lack of longitudinal data, little is known about the rate at which military personnel experience the onset of new episodes of major depression. We used a new source of clinical and administrative data to estimate the incidence of major depression diagnoses in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel, and to compare incidence rates between demographic and occupational factors.MethodsWe extracted all data recorded in the electronic medical records of CAF Regular Force personnel, at every primary care and mental health clinical encounter since 2016. Using a 12-month lookback period, we linked data over time, and identified all patients with incident diagnoses of major depression. We then linked clinical data to CAF administrative records, and estimated incidence rates. We used multivariate Poisson regression to compare adjusted incidence rates between demographic and occupational factors.ResultsFrom January to December 2017, CAF Regular Force personnel were diagnosed with major depression at a rate of 29.2 new cases per 1000 person-years at risk. Female sex, age 30 years and older, and non-officer ranks were associated with significantly higher incidence rates.ConclusionsWe completed the largest study to date on diagnoses of major depression in the Canadian military, and have provided the first estimates of incidence rates in CAF personnel. Our results can inform future mental health resource allocation, and ongoing major depression prevention efforts within the Canadian Armed Forces and other military organizations.
Acute ACL reconstruction shows superior clinical results and can be performed safely without an increased risk of developing arthrofibrosis
Authors: von Essen Christoffer , Eriksson Karl , Barenius Björn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare acute ACL reconstruction (ACLR) within 8 days of injury with delayed reconstruction after normalized range of motion (ROM), 6–10 weeks after injury. It was hypothesized that acute ACL reconstruction with modern techniques is safe and can be beneficial in terms of patient-reported outcomes and range of motion.MethodsThe effect of acute and delayed ACLR was randomized studied on 70 patients with high recreational activity level, Tegner level 6 or more, between 2006 and 2013. Patient-reported outcomes, objective IKDC, KOOS, and manual stability measurements were documented during the 24-month follow-up period.ResultsThe acute ACLR group did not result in increased stiffness and showed superior outcome regarding strength and how the patient felt their knee functioning at 24 months. In addition, the acute group was not inferior to the delayed group in any assessment. Regarding patient-related outcomes in KOOS, both groups showed significant improvements in all subscales, but no difference was found between the groups. Functional return (FR) rate was almost double compared to the Swedish knee ligament register and treatment failure (TF) rate was reduced by half, no significant difference between the groups. No difference regarding cyclops removal, re-injury of ACL or meniscus was found between the two surgical timing groups.ConclusionAcute ACLR within 8 days of injury does not appear to adversely affect ROM or result in increased stiffness in the knee joint and was not inferior to the delayed group in any assessment when compared to delayed surgery.Level of evidenceI.
Naturally occurring mixtures of Alternaria toxins: anti-estrogenic and genotoxic effects in vitro
Authors: Aichinger Georg , Krüger Franziska , Puntscher Hannes , Preindl Karin , Warth Benedikt , Marko Doris 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Alternaria molds can produce a variety of different mycotoxins, often resulting in food contamination with chemical mixtures, posing a challenge for risk assessment. Some of these metabolites possess estrogenic properties, an effect whose toxicological relevance is questioned in the light of the strong genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of co-occurring toxins. Thus, we tested a complex extract from A. alternata for estrogenic properties in Ishikawa cells. By assessing alkaline phosphatase activity, we did not observe estrogen receptor (ER) activation at non-cytotoxic concentrations (≤ 10 µg/ml). Furthermore, an extract stripped of highly genotoxic perylene quinones also did not mediate estrogenic effects, despite diminished genotoxic properties in the comet assay (≥ 10 µg/ml). Interestingly, both extracts impaired the estrogenicity of 17β-estradiol (E2) at non-cytotoxic concentrations (5–10 µg/ml), indicating anti-estrogenic effects which could not be explained by the presence of known mycoestrogens. A mechanism for this unexpected result might be the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by Alternaria metabolites, as indicated by the induction of CYP1A1 transcription. While a direct influence on the metabolism of E2 could not be confirmed by LC–MS/MS, literature describing a direct interplay of the AhR with estrogenic pathways points to a corresponding mode of action. Taken together, the present study indicates AhR-mediated anti-estrogenic effects as a novel mechanism of naturally co-occurring Alternaria toxin mixtures. Furthermore, our results confirm their genotoxic activity and raise questions about the contribution of still undiscovered metabolites to toxicological properties.
The basis of clinicopathological heterogeneity in TDP-43 proteinopathy
Authors: Kawakami Ito , Arai Tetsuaki , Hasegawa Masato 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was identified as a major disease-associated component in the brain of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as the largest subset of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U), which characteristically exhibits cytoplasmic inclusions that are positive for ubiquitin but negative for tau and α-synuclein. TDP-43 pathology occurs in distinct brain regions, involves disparate brain networks, and features accumulation of misfolded proteins in various cell types and in different neuroanatomical regions. The clinical phenotypes of ALS and FTLD-TDP (FTLD with abnormal intracellular accumulations of TDP-43) correlate with characteristic distribution patterns of the underlying pathology across specific brain regions with disease progression. Recent studies support the idea that pathological protein spreads from neuron to neuron via axonal transport in a hierarchical manner. However, little is known to date about the basis of the selective cellular and regional vulnerability, although the information would have important implications for the development of targeted and personalized therapies. Here, we aim to summarize recent advances in the neuropathology, genetics and animal models of TDP-43 proteinopathy, and their relationship to clinical phenotypes for the underlying selective neuronal and regional susceptibilities. Finally, we attempt to integrate these findings into the emerging picture of TDP-43 proteinopathy, and to highlight key issues for future therapy and research.
Peripheral inflammatory markers and clinical correlations in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with and without the C9orf72 repeat expansion
Authors: Katisko Kasper , Solje Eino , Korhonen Paula , Jääskeläinen Olli , Loppi Sanna , Hartikainen Päivi , Koivisto Anne M. , Kontkanen Aleksi , Korhonen Ville E. , Helisalmi Seppo , Malm Tarja , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Remes Anne M. , Haapasalo Annakaisa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, our aim was to evaluate potential peripheral inflammatory changes in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients carrying or not the C9orf72 repeat expansion. To this end, levels of several inflammatory markers (MCP-1, RANTES, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-12p, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, and hs-CRP) and blood cells counts in plasma and/or serum of FTLD patients (N = 98) with or without the C9orf72 repeat expansion were analyzed. In addition, we evaluated whether the analyzed peripheral inflammatory markers correlated with disease progression or distinct clinical phenotypes under the heterogenous FTLD spectrum. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory RANTES or MCP-1 and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were found to associate with Parkinsonism and a more rapid disease progression, indicated by longitudinal measurements of either MMSE or ADCS-ADL decline. These findings were observed in the total cohort in general, whereas the C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers showed only slight differences in IL-10 and hemoglobin levels compared to non-carriers. Furthermore, these C9orf72 repeat expansion-associated differences were observed mostly in male subjects. The females in general showed elevated levels of several pro-inflammatory markers compared to males regardless of the C9orf72 genotype. Our study suggests that pro-inflammatory changes observed in the early symptomatic phase of FTLD are associated with distinct clinical profiles and a more rapid disease progression, and that the C9orf72 repeat expansion and gender may also affect the inflammatory profile in FTLD.
Geothermisches Nutzungspotenzial der Buntsandstein- und Keuperaquifere im Nordosten Bayerns mit Fokus auf tiefe Aquiferspeicher
Authors: Kunkel Cindy , Agemar Thorsten , Stober Ingrid 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die mitteltiefen und tiefen geothermischen Ressourcen in Deutschland sind begrenzt auf Mittel- und Niedrigenthalpiesysteme. Diese werden vorwiegend für balneologische Anwendungen, Fern- und Raumwärme, sowie an zurzeit neun Standorten auch zur Stromgewinnung genutzt. Diese Studie befasst sich mit den gespannten Aquiferen im Nordosten Bayerns, die sowohl für die Balneologie als auch zur Energiespeicherung genutzt werden können.
Auf Grundlage neu ausgewerteter Daten aus Pumptests und Förderdaten wurden die Durchlässigkeitsbeiwerte und Transmissivitäten der beiden Hauptaquifere Keuper und Buntsandstein mit einer großflächigen Verbreitung für mitteltiefe und tiefe geothermische Anwendungen ab 100 m auskartiert. Zudem fließen Temperaturabschätzungen sowie Angaben über die Tiefenlage der beiden Festgesteinsaquifere (Keuper 100 bis 650 m, Buntsandstein 100 bis 1400 m) mit ein. Die Ergebnisse werden in Form von Karten zur Verteilung von Durchlässigkeitsbeiwerten, Transmissivitäten und den Temperaturabschätzungen dargestellt und in das geothermische Informationssystem GeotIS (https://www.geotis.de) integriert.
An ca. 80 % aller 243 untersuchten Lokalitäten lassen die vorhandenen Daten darauf schließen, dass die Aquifere für eine geothermische Nutzung geeignet sind. Beim Keuper liegen sogar über 90 % der 155 Transmissivitätswerte im Bereich für eine entsprechende Nutzung des Untergrundes. Die neu erstellten Karten ersetzen aber keine Machbarkeitsstudie für Geothermieprojekte, da eine detaillierte geologische Vorerkundung unabdingbar für die Planung einer geothermischen Untergrundnutzung ist.
Statement for gastroesophageal reflux disease after peroral endoscopic myotomy from an international multicenter experience
Authors: Inoue Haruhiro , Shiwaku Hironari , Kobayashi Yasutoshi , Chiu Philip W. Y. , Hawes Robert H. , Neuhaus Horst , Costamagna Guido , Stavropoulos Stavros N. , Fukami Norio , Seewald Stefan , Onimaru Manabu , Minami Hitomi , Tanaka Shinwa , Shimamura Yuto , Santi Esperanza Grace , Grimes Kevin , Tajiri Hisao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It has been 10 years since peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) was reported for the first time, and POEM has currently become the standard treatment for achalasia and related disorders globally because it is less invasive and has a higher curative effect than conventional therapeutic methods. However, there are limited studies comparing the long-term outcomes of POEM with those of conventional therapeutic methods, particularly in the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after therapy. With this background, we held a consensus meeting to discuss the pathophysiology and management of GERD after POEM based on published papers and experiences of each expert and to discuss the prevention of GERD and dealing with anti-acid drug refractory GERD. This meeting was held on April 27, 2018 in Tokyo to establish statements and finalize the recommendations using the modified Delphi method. This manuscript presents eight statements regarding GERD after POEM.
Conceptual confusion in the chemistry curriculum: exemplifying the problematic nature of representing chemical concepts as target knowledge
Authors: Taber Keith S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper considers the nature of a curriculum as presented in formal curriculum documents, and the inherent difficulties of representing formal disciplinary knowledge in a prescription for teaching and learning. The general points are illustrated by examining aspects of a specific example, taken from the chemistry subject content included in the science programmes of study that are part of the National Curriculum in England (an official document published by the UK government). In particular, it is suggested that some statements in the official curriculum document are problematic if we expect a curriculum to represent canonical disciplinary knowledge in an unambiguous and authentic manner. The paper examines the example of the requirement for English school children to be taught that chemical reactions take place in only three different ways (i.e., proton transfer; electron transfer; electron sharing) and considers how this might be interpreted in terms of canonical chemistry and within the wider context of other curriculum statements, in order to make sense of neutralisation and precipitation reactions. It is argued that although target knowledge that is set out as the focus of teaching and learning cannot be identical to disciplinary knowledge, the English National Curriculum offers a representation of chemistry which distorts and confuses canonical ideas. It is suggested that the process of representing the disciplinary knowledge of chemistry as curriculum specifications is worthy of more scholarly attention.
Thermography assessment of spastic lower limb in patients after cerebral stroke undergoing rehabilitation
Authors: Nowak Iga , Mraz Maciej , Mraz Małgorzata 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Stroke contributes to disability in adulthood. The assessment of the degree of spasticity is one of the basic methods of patient examination after stroke and is used for monitoring rehabilitative outcomes; however, no optimal scale for the unambiguous assessment of spasticity exists. Our study aimed to assess the usefulness of thermography in measuring the effects of rehabilitation in stroke patients’ spastic hemiparesis. In this prospective, single-center study, 40 stroke patients with a mean age of 60.6 ± 5.5 years were enrolled. All suffered from hemiparesis. Surface temperature of the shank was assessed with infrared thermography; degree of independence with the Barthel Index; and muscle tone with the Modified Ashworth Scale. A comparison of temperature between the spastic and non-spastic posterior part of the shank was conducted. Temperature changes, severity of spasticity, and gait pattern were evaluated and compared at baseline and after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. All patients completed a rehabilitation program. The baseline temperature in the spastic extremity was significantly lower than in the normal extremity (mean temperature 28.93 °C vs 30.20 °C; p = 0.0001). After rehabilitation, the temperature in the spastic extremity increased significantly; however, the significant difference between the two extremities persisted (mean temperature 29.76 °C vs 30.54 °C; p = 0.0001). After rehabilitation, spasticity in affected extremity decreased significantly (p > 0.001). Additionally, an improvement in gait pattern was observed. We conclude that thermography proved to be useful in the assessment of rehabilitation effects in stroke patients with spastic hemiparesis; thus, it can be considered an additional tool for determining impaired muscle tone in patients with spasticity.
No deterioration in health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis followed for 5 years in ordinary outpatient clinics in the biological treatment era
Authors: Rohde Gudrun , Berg Kari Hansen , Pripp Are Hugo , Prøven Anne , Haugeberg Glenn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) causes pain, fatigue, stiffness, loss of physical function and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Aims
The study aimed to explore the changes in HRQOL over 5 years in patients with ax-SpA and to identify baseline predictors associated with changes in HRQOL assessed using three HRQOL measures.

Methods
Demographic, disease, medication and HRQOL data were collected at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. HRQOL was assessed using SF-6D, 15D and SF-36. Analyses involved McNemar, independent paired t tests and multiple regression.

Results
In the 240 (women 31%, men 69%) ax-SpA patients assessed (mean age 46 years), measures reflecting disease activity decreased and co-morbidities increased, and more patients were treated with biologic drugs during follow-up. No deterioration in HRQOL was observed between baseline and 5-year follow-up; indeed, there was a significant increase in SF-6D and SF-36 PCS scores. Improvement in HRQOL measured by SF-6D was associated with younger age, higher education, low Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis (BAS) Activity Index (BASDAI), high BAS Patient Global Score and high C-reactive protein; improvement in SF-36 PCS was associated with younger age, higher education, low BASDAI and no use of biological treatment at baseline.

Conclusion
Our ax-SpA outpatient clinic patients, with more patients treated with biologic drugs during the 5-year follow-up, did not deteriorate in HRQOL. In fact, the physical dimension in HRQOL improved over the years, as did measures reflecting disease activity. Our study adds evidence to the importance of suppressing inflammation to maintain and improve HRQOL in ax-SpA patients.
Toolpath Interpolation and Smoothing for Computer Numerical Control Machining of Freeform Surfaces: A Review
Authors: Zhong Wen-Bin , Luo Xi-Chun , Chang Wen-Long , Cai Yu-Kui , Ding Fei , Liu Hai-Tao , Sun Ya-Zhou 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Driven by the ever increasing demand in function integration, more and more next generation high value-added products, such as head-up displays, solar concentrators and intra-ocular-lens, etc., are designed to possess freeform (i.e., non-rotational symmetric) surfaces. The toolpath, composed of high density of short linear and circular segments, is generally used in computer numerical control (CNC) systems to machine those products. However, the discontinuity between toolpath segments leads to high-frequency fluctuation of feedrate and acceleration, which will decrease the machining efficiency and product surface finish. Driven by the ever-increasing need for high-speed high-precision machining of those products, many novel toolpath interpolation and smoothing approaches have been proposed in both academia and industry, aiming to alleviate the issues caused by the conventional toolpath representation and interpolation methods. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art toolpath interpolation and smoothing approaches with systematic classifications. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed. Possible future research directions are also offered.