bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving estimates and forecasts of lake carbon dynamics using data assimilation
Authors: Zwart Jacob A. , Hararuk Oleksandra , Prairie Yves T. , Jones Stuart E. , Solomon Christopher T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLakes are biogeochemical hotspots on the landscape, contributing significantly to the global carbon cycle despite their small areal coverage. Observations and models of lake carbon pools and fluxes are rarely explicitly combined through data assimilation despite successful use of this technique in other fields. Data assimilation adds value to both observations and models by constraining models with observations of the system and by leveraging knowledge of the system formalized by the model to objectively fill observation gaps. In this article, we highlight the utility of data assimilation in lake carbon cycling research by using the ensemble Kalman filter to combine simple lake carbon models with observations of lake carbon pools and fluxes. We demonstrate that data assimilation helps reduce uncertainty in estimates of lake carbon pools and fluxes and more accurately estimate the true carbon pool size compared to estimates derived from observations alone. Data assimilation techniques should be embraced as valuable tools for lake biogeochemists interested in learning about ecosystem dynamics and forecasting ecosystem states and processes.
Burkholderia cenocepacia utilizes a type VI secretion system for bacterial competition
Authors: Spiewak Helena L. , Shastri Sravanthi , Zhang Lili , Schwager Stephan , Eberl Leo , Vergunst Annette C. , Thomas Mark S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBurkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that poses a significant threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis by provoking a strong inflammatory response within the lung. It possesses a type VI secretion system (T6SS), a secretory apparatus that can perforate the cellular membrane of other bacterial species and/or eukaryotic targets, to deliver an arsenal of effector proteins. The B. cenocepacia T6SS (T6SS‐1) has been shown to be implicated in virulence in rats and contributes toward actin rearrangements and inflammasome activation in B. cenocepacia‐infected macrophages. Here, we present bioinformatics evidence to suggest that T6SS‐1 is the archetype T6SS in the Burkholderia genus. We show that B. cenocepacia T6SS‐1 is active under normal laboratory growth conditions and displays antibacterial activity against other Gram‐negative bacterial species. Moreover, B. cenocepacia T6SS‐1 is not required for virulence in three eukaryotic infection models. Bioinformatics analysis identified several candidate T6SS‐dependent effectors that may play a role in the antibacterial activity of B. cenocepacia T6SS‐1. We conclude that B. cenocepacia T6SS‐1 plays an important role in bacterial competition for this organism, and probably in all Burkholderia species that possess this system, thereby broadening the range of species that utilize the T6SS for this purpose.
Leader‐following consensus for nonlinear agents with measurement feedback
Authors: Battilotti S. , Califano C. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe leader‐following consensus problem is investigated for large classes of nonlinear identical agents. Sufficient conditions are provided for achieving consensus via state and measurement feedback laws based on a local (ie, among neighbors) information exchange. The leader's trajectories are assumed bounded without knowledge of the containing compact set and the agents' trajectories possibly unbounded under the action of a bounded input. Generalizations to heterogeneous agents and robustness are also discussed.
Effects of land‐use change and climate variability on streamflow in the Woken River basin in Northeast China
Authors: Fu Qiang , Shi Rui , Li Tianxiao , Sun Yankun , Liu Dong , Cui Song , Hou Renjie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the soil and water assessment tool, which is a widely used hydrological model, is applied to study the response of streamflow to land‐use changes and climate variability in the Woken River basin in northeastern China. This model is calibrated and verified based on sensitivity analysis to simulate the effects of land‐use change, climate variability, and extreme land‐use scenarios on streamflow. Simulations are performed to construct different scenarios for quantitative analysis. Compared with the base period, the land‐use change reduced the annual average streamflow and had little effect on the monthly streamflow. Climate variability increased the average annual streamflow and had a substantial effect on monthly streamflow. The effect of climate variability on streamflow was much greater than that of land‐use changes. Under the extreme land‐use scenarios, the annual average streamflow under the forestland scenario decreased, and the average annual streamflow under the grassland and agricultural land scenarios increased. Both the forestland and grassland scenarios exhibited lower monthly streamflow from March to August with especially large influences in June–August, which was when floods were more likely to occur. The agricultural land scenario exhibited the opposite trend. These results indicate that climate variability will obviously change streamflow and that natural disasters related to both high and heavy precipitation must be emphasised. Relevant departments can optimize the land‐use structure and spatial layout to mitigate the negative effects of climate variability.
Technological innovation to achieve sustainable development—Renewable energy technologies diffusion in developing countries
Authors: Tabrizian Samira 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is no dispute about the importance of speeding up the development, spread, and implementation of renewable energy technologies (RETs). RETs are the best means to address the current wasteful and dangerous effects of existing energy systems. In addition to the environmental aspects, the renewable energy industry is an exciting opportunity for investment. Nations that embrace the value of reinforcing renewables infrastructures will achieve competitive advantages in the worldwide marketplace. To accomplish that, however, one needs insight into the elements that make renewable energy development and diffusion move slowly. A variety of reasons causes the slow spread, but we would like to address the barriers from the economic theory perspective. Then, we will scrutinize the specific elements of the developing countries market that make the diffusion move slowly. We believe that by examining the factors that result in market failure and by taking into account the specific characteristics of the renewables industry, especially in developing countries, governments can enable their national infant market to be a competitor in the worldwide marketplace. To study the reason for the slow diffusion of RETs in developing countries, we need to examine the facts through the lens of the innovation system. The innovation ecosystem takes into account the socioeconomic factors that shape the capability for innovation in each specific country. This paper peered a meaningful link between innovation systems and the problem of poverty and inequality through a well‐researched and planned innovation system.
Quasinormal modes and dispersion relations for quarkonium in a plasma
Authors: Braga Nelson R. F. , Ferreira Luiz F. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Recent investigations show that the thermal spectral function of heavy

$$ b\overline{b} $$

b

b
¯

and

$$ c\overline{c} $$

c

c
¯

vector mesons can be described using holography. These studies consider a bottom up model that captures the heavy flavour spectroscopy of masses and decay constants in the vacuum and is consistently extended to finite temperature. The corresponding spectral functions provide a picture of the dissociation process in terms of the decrease of the quasi-state peaks with temperature.
Another related tool that provides important information about the thermal behaviour is the analysis of the quasinormal modes. They are field solutions in a curved background assumed to represent, in gauge/gravity duality, quasi-particle states in a thermal medium. The associated complex frequencies are related to the thermal mass and width. We present here the calculation of quasinormal modes for charmonium and bottomonium using the holographic approach. The temperature dependence of mass and thermal width are investigated. Solutions corresponding to heavy mesons moving into the plasma are also studied. They provide the dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the frequency with the quasi-particle momenta, the so called dispersion relations.
Development and validation of a&nbsp;health profession education-focused scholarly mentorship assessment tool
Authors: St-Onge Christina , Young Meredith , Varpio Lara 
Published: January 2019

Problem PhD-trained researchers working in health professions education (HPE) regularly engage in one-on-one, or one-on-few, scholarly mentorship activities. While this work is often a formal expectation of these scientists’ roles, rarely is there formal institutional acknowledgement of this mentorship. In fact, there are few official means through which a research scientist can document the frequency or quality of the scholarly mentorship they provide.
Approach
Outcomes The STHPE assessment tool has appropriate psychometric properties and evidence supporting acceptability. It can be used to document areas of strength and areas for improvement for research scientists engaged in HPE-related scholarly mentorship.
Next steps At present, the STHPE assessment tool is the only formally developed tool for which there is evidence of validity for use by PhD-trained researchers working in HPE to collect feedback on their scholarly mentorship skills. The STPHE has been used in promotion and tenure packages to document effectiveness and quality of scholarly mentorship.
Ethics and Floods: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mitrović Veselin L. , O’Mathúna Dónal P. , Nola Iskra A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTDisaster ethics is a developing field of inquiry recognizing the wide variety of ethical issues confronting various professionals involved in planning for and responding to different types of disasters. This article explores how ethical issues related to floods are addressed in academic literature. The review involved analysis of publications on ethics and floods identified in a systematic literature search of electronic databases that included sociological, biomedical, and geophysical sources. The review methods were guided by the PRISMA Statement on systematic reviews, adapted to this topic area, and followed by a qualitative analysis of the included publications. All articles were analyzed using NVivo software version 11. The qualitative analysis showed that further research is needed on the ethical issues involved in flood disasters. Ethical guidelines are needed for flood planners and responders that are based on the consistent application of well-established ethical principles, values, and virtues to the specific circumstances arising with each flood. Flexibility is required in applying such approaches. The results suggest that interdisciplinary collaboration (sociological, biomedical, geophysical, engineering, and ethical) could contribute significantly to the development of ethics in floods. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:817–828)
The onset of transient turbulence in minimal plane Couette flow
Authors: Lustro Julius Rhoan T. , Kawahara Genta , van Veen Lennaert , Shimizu Masaki , Kokubu Hiroshi 
Published: January 2019

The onset of transient turbulence in minimal plane Couette flow has been identified theoretically as homoclinic tangency with respect to a simple edge state for the Navier–Stokes equation, i.e., the gentle periodic orbit (the lower branch of a saddle-node pair) found by Kawahara & Kida (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 449, 2001, pp. 291–300). The first tangency of a pair of distinct homoclinic orbits to this periodic edge state has been discovered at Reynolds number $Re\equiv Uh/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}=Re_{T}\approx 240.88$ ($U$, $h$, and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ being half the difference of the two wall velocities, half the wall separation, and the kinematic viscosity of fluid, respectively). At $Re>Re_{T}$ a Smale horseshoe appears on the Poincaré section through transversal homoclinic points to generate a transient chaos that eventually relaminarises. In numerical experiments a sustaining chaos, which is a consequence of period-doubling cascade stemming from the upper branch of another saddle-node pair of periodic orbits, is observed in a narrow range of the Reynolds number, $Re\approx 240.40$–240.46. At the upper edge of this $Re$ range it is found that the chaotic set touches the lower branch of this pair, i.e., another edge state. The corresponding chaotic attractor is replaced by a chaotic saddle at $Re\approx 240.46$, and subsequently this saddle touches the gentle periodic edge state on the boundary of the laminar basin at the tangency Reynolds number $Re=Re_{T}$. After this crisis on the boundary of the laminar basin, for $Re>Re_{T}$, chaotic transients that eventually relaminarise can be observed.
Separated rows structure of vortex streets behind triangular objects
Authors: Kim Ildoo 
Published: January 2019

We discuss two distinct spatial structures of vortex streets. The ‘conventional mushroom’ structure is commonly discussed in many experimental studies, and the exotic ‘separated rows’ structure is characterized by a thin layer of irrotational fluid between two rows of vortices. In a two-dimensional soap film channel, we generate the exotic vortex arrangement by using triangular objects. This setting allows us to vary the thickness of boundary layers and their separation distance independently. We find that the separated rows structure appears only when the boundary layer is thinner than 40 % of the separation distance. We also discuss two physical mechanisms of the breakdown of vortex structures. The conventional mushroom structure decays due to the mixing, and the separated rows structure decays because its arrangement is hydrodynamically unstable.
When words burn – language processing differentially modulates pain perception in typical and chronic pain populations
Authors: VUKOVIC NIKOLA , FARDO FRANCESCA , SHTYROV YURY 
Published: January 2019

abstractHow do we communicate our pain to others? The challenge of conveying such a highly individual experience in words is faced daily by many sufferers of chronic pain and their doctors. Moreover, such linguistic strategies are especially relevant in situations where no obvious reference to physical injuries or tissue damage can be made. Neurolinguistically, this question is directly linked to understanding the brain mechanisms behind the encoding, storage, and comprehension of word meanings. An influential view posits that comprehension involves mentally simulating sensorimotor experiences which words refer to. Here, we test the hypothesis that both pain word comprehension and first-hand experiences of pain rely on a common neural substrate, leading to a prediction that word processing should modulate the perception of noxious stimuli. We used a priming task and asked neurotypical and chronic pain participants to read sentences containing literal or metaphoric pain descriptors, and then rate the intensity of thermal pain stimuli. We found that pain language comprehension modulated participants’ ratings of pain intensity. Furthermore, this effect depended on linguistic context as well as individual pain history. We discuss our findings within the larger theoretical debate on the nature of semantic representations, and point to their potential relevance for clinical practice.
Galactic calibration of the tip of the red giant branch
Authors: Mould Jeremy , Clementini Gisella , Da Costa Gary 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIndications from Gaia data release 2 are that the tip of the red giant branch (a population II standard candle related to the helium flash in low mass stars) is close to –4 in absolute I magnitude in the Cousins photometric system. Our sample is high-latitude southern stars from the thick disk and inner halo, and our result is consistent with longstanding findings from globular clusters, whose distances were calibrated with RR Lyrae stars. As the Gaia mission proceeds, there is every reason to think an accurate Galactic geometric calibration of tip of the red giant branch will be a significant outcome for the extragalactic distance scale.
SENECA, DE BENEFICIIS 6.19.5—A NEGLECTED TEXT ON ROMAN PUBLIC LAW
Authors: Griffin Miriam , Lintott Andrew 
Published: January 2019

si quis patriae meae pecuniam credat, non dicam me illius debitorem nec hoc aes alienum profitebor aut candidatus aut reus: ad exsoluendum tamen hoc dabo portionem meam.If anyone were to lend money to my country, I will not call myself his debtor nor will I declare this as money owed either when a candidate or when prosecuted: nevertheless, I will contribute my share to paying off the debt.
Miriam Griffin drew attention to the comment of Justus Lipsius: ‘a defendant might have to make such a declaration in cases involving financial penalties, such as extortion and peculation, for when the litis aestimatio [‘assessment of damages’] was made, it would be important to know who the other claimants to the convicted man's assets were, and how encumbered his property was.’ No further elucidation, however, has been made since Lipsius. Mommsen failed to record this passage in his Staatsrecht and Strafrecht, and, as far as we know, no monograph on Roman criminal law mentions the passage of Seneca.
Behavior is sensible but not globally optimal: Seeking common ground in the optimality debate
Authors: Rahnev Dobromir , Denison Rachel N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe disagreements among commentators may appear substantial, but much of the debate seems to stem from inconsistent use of the term optimality. Optimality can be used to indicate sensible behavior (adapted to the environment), globally optimal behavior (fully predicted from optimality considerations alone), locally optimal behavior (conforming to a specific model), and optimality as an empirical strategy (a tool for studying behavior). Distinguishing among these different concepts uncovers considerable common ground in the optimality debate.
Health Care Provider Experiences of and Perspectives on Medical Assistance in Dying: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Brooks Laura 
Published: January 2019

RÉSUMÉUne grande partie des écrits sur l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) qui traite de la perspective des prestataires de soins de santé est centrée sur le rôle des médecins, et le point de vue des infirmières n’est exprimé que dans quelques-uns d’entre eux. Toutefois, quelques provinces canadiennes ont mis en œuvre des approches multidisciplinaires pour l’AMM. Il serait donc important de mieux comprendre l’expérience des divers prestataires de soins de santé impliqués dans l’AMM, considérant que les plans provinciaux liés à l’AMM sont encore en élaboration. Cet examen de la portée a pour but de résumer les publications qualitatives existantes axées sur l’expérience des prestataires de soins dans l’AMM. Les thèmes clés retrouvés dans ces publications concernent la complexité du processus d’AMM, l’importance des relations et de la communication, les rôles et dynamiques interprofessionnels et le processus d’adaptation. Les résultats de cet examen de la portée démontrent la nécessité de poursuivre la recherche sur les expériences des divers prestataires de l’AMM, particulièrement dans le contexte canadien.
Applying dialectical behaviour therapy to structural and internalized stigma with LGBTQ+ clients
Authors: Skerven Kim , Whicker Dane R. , LeMaire Kelly L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDelivering research-supported intervention is increasingly important, given the growing emphasis on evidence-based practice in mental health treatment. When working with clients who hold marginalized identities, however, therapists may have questions about how to best tailor interventions, as treatments may not yet have demonstrated efficacy with under-represented populations. This paper describes potential strategies for using dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills to help LGBTQ+ clients, guided by a theoretical model for understanding sexual stigma. Joining these two paradigms, suggestions are made for applications of skills that can help LGBTQ+ clients who are in DBT effectively interact with invalidating environments characterized by structural stigma. DBT-based strategies aimed at buffering clients from environmental invalidation and enhancing their skills in self-validation can help provide them with pathways towards affirming their own sexual orientation and gender identity. Examples from clinical cases are used to enhance understanding of skills application in practice.
Religious Individualism and Moral Progressivism: How Source of Religious Authority Is Related to Attitudes About Abortion, Same-Sex Marriage, Divorce, and Premarital Sex
Authors: Uecker Jeremy E. , Froese Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany hypothesize that religious individualism is associated with progressive moral attitudes. Our analysis of data from US adults from the fourth wave of the Baylor Religion Survey finds that those who navigate moral conjunctures as religious individualists, knowing what God wants them to do “in their hearts” or through “human reason,” are more likely than those who draw on institutional religious sources of authority, like the Bible or religious teachings, to express progressive attitudes on issues of same-sex marriage, divorce, and premarital sex, but not abortion. Our findings indicate that perceived sources of moral authority further explain differences in moral attitudes within the population of religious decision-makers, specifically with regard to issues that are culturally in flux. This supports the idea that religious individualism, even among religious individuals and within religiously conservative traditions, makes people more accepting of contemporary cultural trends in morality.
Investigation on the effects of resistive loading on wrapped bow-tie antennas
Authors: Lee Doojin , Shaker George , Melek William 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe pulse radiating characteristic of a wrapped bow-tie antenna (WBA) and wrapped resistively loaded bow-tie antenna (WRLBA) is presented for impulse radar applications in this paper. The numerical analysis of the WRLBA is performed by comparing that of the WBA. The wrapped antennas are realized on a flexible substrate. The antennas are fed by an impedance tapered balun, which has an overall transmission loss of −1.4 dB over the balun length. The characteristics of the resistive loading to the wrapped antenna, such as reflection coefficient, reflected pulse in the time domain, voltage standing wave ratio, and input impedance, are experimentally investigated and compared with simulated results. The fidelity factor of the radiated electric field on the boresight direction for the WBA and WRLBA is calculated as 0.82 and 0.96, respectively. The wireless communication ability is evaluated by the transmission coefficient, group delay, boresight gain, and received waveform. The calculated fidelity factor of the received waveform for the WBA and WRLBA is 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. The average and variations of the group delay of both wrapped antennas are observed to be around 2.5 ns and less than 1.5 ns, respectively.