bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized Analysis of Normalized Distance from Scalp to Cortex and Personalized Evaluation (LANDSCAPE): Focusing on Age- and Dementia-Specific Changes
Authors: Lu Hanna , Chan Sandra S.M. , Lam Linda C. W. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Scalp to cortex distance (SCD), as a key technological parameter, has been highlighted in the guidelines of non-invasive brain stimulation. However, in the context of age-related brain changes, the region-specific SCD and its impact on stimulation-induced electric field remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the region-specific SCD and its relationship with morphometric features and cognitive function in age- and disease-specific populations. Methods: We analyzed the SCD and cortical thickness (CT) of left primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in 214 cognitively normal adults and 43 dementia patients. CT-adjusted SCD was used to control the influence of CT on SCD. Head model was developed to simulate the impact of SCD on the electric field induced by transcranial electrical stimulation. Results: We found age-related increased SCD in the left DLPFC ( p < 0.001), but not M1 ( p = 0.134), and dementia-related increased SCD in both left DLPFC ( p < 0.001) and M1 ( p < 0.001). CT-adjusted SCD showed greater region-specific impact on left DLPFC rather than M1. The electric field induced by stimulation was consequently decreased with the increased SCD across normal aging and dementia groups. Conclusions: Age and dementia have differential impacts on the SCDs of left DLPFC and M1. The findings suggest that it is important to be aware of region-specific distance measures when conducting neuromodulation in individuals with old age and dementia.
Impacts of Overweight and Obesity in Older Age on the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Literature Review and a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Danat Isaac M. , Clifford Angela , Partridge Martin , Zhou Weiju , Bakre Aishat T. , Chen Anthony , McFeeters Danielle , Smith Tina , Wan Yuhui , Copeland John , Anstey Kaarin J. , Chen Ruoling 
Published: January 2019

Background: It is unclear whether overweight and obesity in older age reduces or increases the risk of incident dementia. Objective: To assess the impacts of overweight and obesity in older age on incident dementia. Methods: We searched cohort studies reporting body weight measured in older age and dementia through PubMed, Embase, Medline, PyschInfo, and Cochrane library until July 2016. Sixteen articles were identified for the review. We pooled data from them and a new unpublished study from China, to calculate relative risk (RR) of incident dementia in relation to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Results: All 16 cohort studies were undertaken in high income countries, with follow-up periods ranging between 3 to 18 years. Thirteen studies showed an inverse association between BMI and dementia, and three studies demonstrated a positive association. Pooled RR of dementia in relation to continuous BMI from 14 studied populations, including the new Chinese data, was 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–1.00); in those followed up <9 years it was 0.95 (0.93–0.96) while in ≥9 years follow-up it was 1.03 (0.96–1.11). In five studied populations examining categorical BMI, RR of dementia in older people classified as overweight and obese was 0.98 (0.54–1.77) and 1.17 (0.65–2.10) respectively, in comparison with other weights. The pooled WC data showed no association between increased WC and reduced risk of dementia. Conclusion: The current evidence did not support a paradox on beneficial impacts of overweight and obesity in older age on incident dementia. More studies with long term follow up are needed to clarify the association of body weight in older age with dementia risk.
Frequent sweet consumption associated with poor dietary habits and increased screen time in children and adolescents: Results from the National Action for Children’s Health program
Authors: Tambalis Konstantinos D. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Sidossis Labros S. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: Frequent sweet consumption constitutes a significant health issue among children which leads to a predisposition towards overweight and cardiovascular disease risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of sweet consumption and to identify associated lifestyle factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational study. Population data derived from a health survey carried out in 2015 on a representative sample of 177091 children aged 8 to 17 years. Sweet consumption and dietary habits were evaluated using questionnaires (KIDMED index). Frequency of sweets consumption constitutes a question of KIDMED and it was classified as rare or frequent. Physical activity status, screen time and sleeping habits were assessed through self-completed questionnaires. RESULTS: More boys than girls (19.6% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.001) consumed sweet frequently (more than twice daily). Sweet consumption was strongly associated with unhealthy dietary habits such as skipping breakfast and fast food consumption. Adjusting for several covariates, insufficient dietary habits, insufficient sleep and increased screen time were increased on participant’s odds of being frequent sweet consumers by 80% (95% CI 0.17–0.23), 18% (95% CI1.05–1.29) and 218% (95% CI 1.96–2.41) in boys and by 80% (95% CI 0.17–0.24), 31% (95% CI1.17–1.47) and 241% (95% CI 2.15–2.72) in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent sweet consumption was associated with an unhealthy lifestyle profile.
Reading Material Based Gender and Cultural Familiarity and Its Implementation
Authors: Susanti Elis 
Published: January 2019

The schemata theory in reading explains that in the process of comprehending a reading material, a pre-exsistent knowledge of the readers will be active when they read a piece of reading material in which it presents a familiar vocabulary, patterns, or contexts in which they fit into the readers’ pre-exsistent knowledge. As a result, readers can recognize what they read because it fits into patterns what they already known. This research was categorized as a type of research and development in which it developed a reading material on the basis of the readers’ interest and content familiarity which was constructed under the concept of schemata theory in reading. The research stages consisted of conducting praresearch, developing a prototype, validating the prototype, and applying the design to the research sample. The researchers took a class of X social science class in SMAN 1 Abung Semuli consisting of 32 students as the research sample to apply the prototype of this research development product. The data analysis shows that the use of reading material based gender and cultural familiarity gives significant influence on the students’ reading comprehension in which to the conclusion that the prototype of this research product is effective to be used as a reading material in a reading class.
CFD Analysis of CO2 Sequestration Applying Different Absorbents Inside the Microporous PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor
Authors: Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Heydarinasab Amir 
Published: January 2019

The sequestration process of greenhouse contaminants such as CO2 via hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) is regarded as a promising technology to manage the deleterious impressions of CO2 on environment such as global warming and air pollution. This investigational paper renders a wide-ranging 2D simulation in order to assess the removal performance of CO2 from CO2/CH4 gaseous stream (containing 80 % CH4 and 20 % CO2) in the HFMC. As the novelty, the evaluation of CO2 acid gas removal from gaseous mixture applying four novel absorbing agents (potassium threonate (PT), piperazine (PZ), pure water (H2O) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)) is implemented in the HFMC with the aim of introducing a more efficient liquid absorbent for CO2 sequestration. Model validation is done based on the comparison of mathematical model outcomes and experimental data in a wide range of H2O velocity and confirms a desirable agreement with an average relative deviation (ARD) of approximately 3 % for CO2 flux. It is perceived from the results that PZ is introduced as the most efficient liquid absorbent for CO2 sequestration and MDEA, PT and H2O are in the next category (100 % removal using PZ > 96 % removal using MDEA > 89 % removal using PT > 57 % removal using H2O). The results corroborate that increase in membrane tortuosity and gas velocity negatively affects the sequestration process while increment of module length and porosity improve the separation of CO2.
Conservation status of tree species in Himchari National Park of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen S , Hossain MK 
Published: January 2019

Himchari National Park (HNP) was declared as a Protected Area (PA) in 1980 under the section 23(II) of Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act 1974 of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The total area of the HNP is about 1,729 ha (4,271.15 acres) under the jurisdiction of Cox’s Bazar South Forest Division, Cox’s Bazar district. Once the forest was very rich in flora and fauna, but many of the species have disappeared due to habitat destruction, over-exploitation, habitat fragmentation, fire hazard, encroachment, indiscriminate harvesting of tree species and Non-Timber Forest products. The study was conducted through extensive whole area survey and quadrat survey methods. A total of 117 tree species (having ≥ 5 cm dbh) belonging to 37 families was recorded from the HNP. Moraceae family possesses the highest species (14) followed by Mimosaceae (8), Euphorbiaceae (7), Myrtaceae (6) and 5 species each by Anacardiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Meliaceae and Verbenaceae. A total of 69 tree species (59%) was found as Least Concern (LC) representing maximum tree species among all the categories. Vulnerable, Endangered, Near Threatened and Critically Endangered tree species were represented by 16 species (14%), 4 species (3%), 2 species (2%) and 2 species (2%), respectively. It is necessary to take effective measures for the protection, sustainable management, proper utilization and conservation of tree species in an aim to conserve the forest genetic resources of the Himchari natural forests.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 1-10
Influence of organic manures on the growth of diabetes preventive medicinal plant Gynura, Gynura procumbens
Authors: Akon MOS , Datta DK , Biswas T , Nakamura K , Rahman MK 
Published: January 2019

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various organic manures on the growth performance and biomass production of Gynura procumbens in the net house of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka. Seven types of manures, viz. ACI, BGF-1, Mazim, Vermicompost, Sufola, GTS and Poultry litter composts were used separately at the rate of 15 ton/ha. Highest height (78cm) in poultry litter compost, leaf number (208.33 no./plant) in sufola manure, leaf area (53.64 cm2/plant) in vermicompost, and branch (3.67 no./plant), girth (3.07cm/plant), fresh weight (202.28g/plant) and dry weight (22.44g/plant) were recorded in poultry litter compost treatment at harvest. Height, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of leaf varied significantly (p≤ 0.5) and increased with time. Results showed that the overall best growth performance was achieved in poultry litter compost.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 61-66
Ex-situ conservation of threatened forest tree species for sustainable use of forest genetic resources in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MM , Parvin W , Sultana N , Tarek SAM 
Published: January 2019

The present study was carried out to advance towards the conserving threatened forest tree species of Bangladesh under ex-situ conservation system. Four thousand plants of forty eight threatened forest tree species were conserved at three areas, namely Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University; Radar Unit of Bangladesh Air Force, Cox‟s Bazar; and the Keochia research station of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute. The average 90-95% plants survived in each conservation site and the maximum average plant height was recorded as 4.0m after two years of plantation. It will provide a wider buffer for the protection of the forest gene resources.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 89-98
Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN ) sebagai Metode Pembelajaran di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI
Authors: Pusparini Miranti 
Published: January 2019

<p>Sehubungan dengan adanya peraturan SNPT no 44 tahun 2015,bentuk pembelajaran<br />pendidikan diploma empat, program sarjana, program profesi, dan program spesialis wajib ditambah pembelajaran berupa pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Dalam rangka mencoba menerapkan bentuk pembelajaran pengabdian masyarakat, Universitas YARSI bekerjasama dengan Dinas Perlindungan Anak dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan (DPPAPP) melaksanakan kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Program Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana serta Pembangunan Keluarga (KKBPK). KKN dilaksanakan pada proses pembelajaran di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI semester 7 (tujuh) tahun ajaran 2017 – 2018 dalam Blok Elektif dengan peminatan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT), dilakukan oleh 1 kelompok yang terdiri dari 5 (lima) orang mahasiswa sebagai pemateri. Bentuk kegiatan berupa penyuluhan dengan pretest dan posttest serta diskusi. Pretes dan postes diberikan sebagai tolok ukur penyampaian materi. Hasil pretes menunjukan nilai yang baik (80-90) sebanyak 7 orang atau sekitar 29,17%, nilai cukup (antara 60-70) sebanyak 10 orang atau sekitar 41,67%, dan nilai kurang (≤ 50) sebanyak 7 orang atau sekitar 29,17%. Hasil post tes menunjukan nilai yang baik (antara 80-100) sebanyak 12 orang atau sekitar 48%, nilai cukup (antara 60-70) sebanyak 9 orang atau sekitar 36%, dan nilai yang kurang sebanyak 4 orang atau sekitar 16%. Kuesioner penilaian pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan juga disebarkan, dengan hasil pemateri 58,14% dinilai sangat baik, dan untuk materi penyuluhan 48,84% dinilai baik.Terlihat peningkatan rerata nilai secara umum sebanyak 12,38 poin yang semula 60,42 saat pretes menjadi 72,80 saat postes. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa materi penyuluhan dapat tersampaikan dengan baik oleh seluruh mahasiswa.</p>
Europa Neutral Torus Confirmation and Characterization Based on Observations and Modeling
Authors: Smith Howard Todd , Mitchell Donald G. , Johnson Robert E. , Mauk Barry H. , Smith Jacob E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The confirmation and constraints of a Europa-generated neutral torus are presented based on available observations and computational modeling of relevant source species. These results are applied to determine if the Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) images reported by Mauk et al. were produced by interactions with a Europa neutral particle torus or with the local charged particle population. Neutral tori provide important insights into the processes operating in large planet magnetospheres. Such features emerge when particles escape an embedded satellite and form a population that co-orbits with the moon. Torus distributions and compositions are directly related to the satellite composition and source mechanisms. Significant findings are as follows. (1) The presence of a Europa neutral torus is confirmed through the development of 3D Io and Europa neutral tori models. (2) Density constraints for H, H2, O, and O2 in the Europa neutral torus are determined. (3) The torus is highly asymmetric: Near Europa, ∼99% of the ENA image is produced by the neutral torus. Furthest from Europa, ∼15%–69% of the ENA emissions are caused by charge exchange interaction within the ambient plasma. In addition, we showed that (4) 7%–34% of the ENAs near Europa would be produced by charge exchange with neutrals, even with a three order of magnitude neutral source rate reduction (<2 × 1024). (5) Satellite source rate variations take longer to impact the Europa neutral torus than the Io neutral torus. Dominant processes at Europa’s orbit have lifetimes >2–8 days, while at Io, the neutral particles lifetimes are as short as 8–13 hr.
Inherentness of Non-stationarity in Solar Wind
Authors: Jagarlamudi Vamsee Krishna , Dudok de Wit Thierry , Krasnoselskikh Vladimir , Maksimovic Milan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Most studies of turbulence in the solar wind invoke stationarity as a working hypothesis. Unfortunately, this concept is difficult to verify in practice. To investigate the validity of the weak stationarity assumption we consider magnetic field measurements made by the WIND satellite and study the properties of the autocorrelation function (ACF), which is a classical gauge for characteristic times or scales. We find that the ACF suffers from a high variance, which precludes the routine interpretation of correlation times and scales. In addition, the ACF fails to converge toward a constant function, even when considering the longest available intervals of either fast or slow solar wind. The reasons behind this lack of convergence are better understood by considering the power spectral density (PSD) of the magnetic field and analyzing synthetic data that exhibit the same PSD. Interestingly, we find evidence for an f
−1 scaling at low frequencies in both fast and slow solar winds. These results, together with the theoretical properties of processes with f
−γ
scaling all point to the non-stationary behavior of the solar wind, in particular for scales that correspond to the inertial range. They also impose strong constraints on the applicability of ACF analysis as a tool for characterizing statistical properties of solar wind turbulence.
The Origin of Major Solar Activity: Collisional Shearing between Nonconjugated Polarities of Multiple Bipoles Emerging within Active Regions
Authors: Chintzoglou Georgios , Zhang Jie , Cheung Mark C. M. , Kazachenko Maria 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Active regions (ARs) that exhibit compact polarity inversion lines (PILs) are known to be very flare productive. However, the physical mechanisms behind this statistical inference have not been demonstrated conclusively. We show that such PILs can occur owing to the collision between two emerging flux tubes nested within the same AR. In such multipolar ARs, the flux tubes may emerge simultaneously or sequentially, each initially producing a bipolar magnetic region (BMR) at the surface. During each flux tube’s emergence phase, the magnetic polarities can migrate such that opposite polarities belonging to different BMRs collide, resulting in shearing and cancellation of magnetic flux. We name this process “collisional shearing” to emphasize that the shearing and flux cancellation develop owing to the collision. Collisional shearing is a process different from the known concept of flux cancellation occurring between polarities of a single bipole, a process that has been commonly used in many numerical models. High spatial and temporal resolution observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory for two emerging ARs, AR 11158 and AR 12017, show the continuous cancellation of up to 40% of the unsigned magnetic flux of the smallest BMR, which occurs at the collisional PIL for as long as the collision persists. The flux cancellation is accompanied by a succession of solar flares and CMEs, products of magnetic reconnection along the collisional PIL. Our results suggest that the quantification of magnetic cancellation driven by collisional shearing needs to be taken into consideration in order to improve the prediction of solar energetic events and space weather.
Electron Heating by Kinetic Alfvén Waves in Coronal Loop Turbulence
Authors: Malara Francesco , Nigro Giuseppina , Valentini Francesco , Sorriso-Valvo Luca 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A test-particle model describing the energization of electrons in a turbulent plasma is presented. Parameters are chosen to represent turbulence in a magnetic structure of the solar corona. A fluctuating electric field component parallel to the background magnetic field, with properties similar to those of Kinetic Alfvén Waves, is assumed to be present at scales of the order of the proton Larmor radius. Electrons are stochastically accelerated by multiple interactions with such fluctuations, reaching energies of the order of 102 eV within tens to hundreds of seconds, depending on the turbulence amplitude. For values of the large-scale plasma velocity fluctuation of the order of tens of kilometers per second, the power absorbed by electrons per surface unit is of the order of that typically necessary to heat the corona. The power that electrons absorb from fluctuations is proportional to the third power of the large-scale velocity amplitude, and is comparable with the power associated with the turbulent cascade. Therefore, this mechanism can be considered as an equivalent kinetic dissipation for turbulence, and it can play a relevant role in the heating of electrons in the corona.
Burning in the Tail: Implications for a Burst Oscillation Model
Authors: Chambers Frank R. N. , Watts Anna L. , Keek Laurens , Cavecchi Yuri , Garcia Ferran 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Accreting neutron stars (NSs) can exhibit high-frequency modulations, known as burst oscillations, in their light curves during thermonuclear X-ray bursts. Their frequencies can be offset from the spin frequency of the NS (known independently) by several Hz, and can drift by 1–3 Hz. One plausible explanation for this phenomenon is that a wave is present in the bursting ocean that decreases in frequency (in the rotating frame) as the burst cools. The strongest candidate is the buoyant r-mode; however, models for the burning ocean background used in previous studies over-predict frequency drifts by several Hz. Using new background models (which include shallow heating, and burning in the tail of the burst) the evolution of the buoyant r-mode is calculated. The resulting frequency drifts are smaller, in line with observations. This illustrates the importance of accounting for the detailed nuclear physics in these bursts.
Determination of Plasma, Pickup Ion, and Suprathermal Particle Spectrum in the Solar Wind Frame of Reference
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Lulu , von Steiger R. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Gloeckler G. M. , Desai M. , Pogorelov N. V. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Particle spectra directly measured by a plasma or low-energy particle experiment on spacecraft often contain instrumental effects due to a limited field of view or angular resolution. It is because the particle distribution function at low energies is highly anisotropic in the spacecraft frame of reference, in which the measurements are made. In this paper, we present a new mathematical method of transforming the particle spectrum to the solar wind frame of reference, where the particle distribution can be assumed to be nearly isotropic. The transformed particle spectrum allows us to investigate the properties of the solar wind, pickup ions, and suprathermal particles without concern for instrumental effects. We apply the method to the measurements made by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on Ulysses. Our results demonstrate that the transformed spectrum can improve the determination of the solar wind density and temperature from the previously published methods. A brief survey of Ulysses data shows that suprathermal ions in the slow solar wind frequently display a velocity distribution very close to the v
−5 power law.