bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed hemimicelle magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction using carbon‐coated magnetic nanoparticles for the determination of tramadol in urine samples
Authors: Taghvimi Arezou , Hamidi Samin , Javadzadeh Yousef 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIonic liquid carbon‐coated magnetic nanoparticles were successfully applied as an adsorbent in a mixed hemimicelle magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction method for the determination of tramadol from urine samples coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV‐vis detection. The significant parameters affect the extraction efficiency including type and amount of adsorbent, sample volume, pH, ionic strength, type and amount of elution solvent, time of extraction and desorption, time of ionic liquid loading on the adsorbent and stirring rate were studied and optimized. The proposed method provided a fast, straightforward, environmentally friendly and adsorbent recyclable approach for tramadol analysis. The linear range for the tramadol determination was from 100 to 1500 ng/mL. Precisions and accuracies were within 6%. The applicability of the proposed method in clinical trial was tried successfully on determination of tramadol in addicted subjects under tramadol therapy. The mean percent recovery of the patient samples was 94%. The results proved that the proposed method could be applied in clinical and forensic laboratories for determination of tramadol from biological urine samples.
The gap‐two cardinal problem for uncountable languages
Authors: Villegas Silva Luis Miguel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper we prove some cases of the gap‐2 cardinal transfer theorem for uncountable languages assuming the axiom of constructibility. Consider uncountable cardinals , with λ regular, a first order language with at least one unary predicate symbol U, with . Given an ‐structure , where and , we find an ‐structure such that , and .
Time estimations by network of beta globin gene cluster haplotypes linked with Hb D‐Los Angeles [β121 (GH4) Glu → Gln GAA → CAA] mutation in the world populations
Authors: Ozturk Onur , Arikan Sanem , Atalay Ayfer , Atalay Erol O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundβ‐Globin gene cluster haplotypes associated with the Hb D‐Los Angeles mutation have been reported in many different locations in different populations including Italy, Iran, Thailand, Belgium, Mexico, Holland, and Turkey. In this study, we have identified genetic relationships and formation periods between the haplotypes reported in the world regarding the Hb D‐Los Angeles.MethodsWe comparatively analyzed the RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) data in Denizli region and world populations using Arlequin 3.5 statistical software program. The data obtained from the Arlequin software were then entered into the Phylogenetic Network software to calculate the age estimates and to discover possible links between the haplotypes.ResultsWe observed the frequencies of the β‐globin gene haplotypes for the seven polymorphic restriction sites around the world and calculated the estimated time of haplotypes using Network software on the basis of ancestral haplotypes. We performed the phylogenetic network analysis of the haplotypes linked with Hb D‐Los Angeles mutation by processing the data of frequency and age estimations with Network software.ConclusionOur period of time results suggests that HAP1 was formed before modern human migration to Asia and/or independent origin of the Hb D‐Los Angeles mutation from other populations. Considering that the population in Denizli region started the Hb D‐Los Angeles mutation past about 40,000 years ago, it can be said that HAP1, HAP15, and HAP21 belong to the gene pool with an external effect. Our period of time results of HAP6 is compatible with published dating results.
Multiple‐input and multiple‐output antenna system with self‐isolated antenna element for fifth‐generation mobile terminals
Authors: Zhao Anping , Ren Zhouyou 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA multi‐antenna system based on an antenna element that has the self‐isolated property for the fifth‐generation (5G) multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) operation in mobile terminals is presented. The proposed antenna has one T‐shaped feeding element and two identical L‐shaped radiating elements and they are symmetrically located along the central line of the antenna. In particular, the two L‐shaped elements act as not only the antenna radiating element but also the decoupling element between two adjacent antenna units. It is demonstrated that very good isolation (better than 20 dB) for the 8‐antenna MIMO system can be achieved without using any additional decoupling elements or decoupling techniques. Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity (CC) are also used to evaluate the MIMO performances of the proposed MIMO antenna system. Antenna prototypes are fabricated and measured; and quite good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained.
Performance comparison of high temperature sensor based on non‐adiabatic silica microfiber and single mode‐multimode‐single mode fiber structure
Authors: Yusof Nur Hotimah , Razak Hashim A. , Arof Hamzah , Harun Sulaiman W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA fiber‐based temperature sensor operating at high temperature was demonstrated using multimode interference effect and its performance was compared with that of two different probes based on a non‐adiabatic microfiber and singlemode‐multimode‐singlemode (SMS) fiber structure. Interference fringes of the output red‐shifted as the temperature increased due to the change in the effective refractive index of the multiple modes inside both structures. The sensor probes were able to measure the temperature variation up to 400°C with a linearity of more than 90%. The temperature sensitivity of the microfiber and SMS sensors is 6.0 pm/°C and 11.1 pm/°C, respectively. Our proposed sensors are simple, relatively cheap to be fabricated, and could operate at high temperatures above 300°C.
T1, T1 contrast, and Ernst‐angle images of four rat‐lung pathologies
Authors: Kuethe Dean O. , Hix Jeremy M. , Fredenburgh Laura E. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
To initiate the archive of relaxation‐weighted images that may help discriminate between pulmonary pathologies relevant to acute respiratory distress syndrome. MRI has the ability to distinguish pathologies by providing a variety of different contrast mechanisms. Lungs have historically been difficult to image with MRI but image quality is sufficient to begin cataloging the appearance of pathologies in T1‐ and T2‐weighted images. This study documents T1 and the use of T1 contrast with four experimental rat lung pathologies.
Methods
Inversion‐recovery and spoiled steady state images were made at 1.89 T to measure T1 and document contrast in rats with atelectasis, lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation, ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI), and injury from saline lavage. Higher‐resolution Ernst‐angle images were made to see patterns of lung infiltrations.
Results
T1‐weighted images showed minimal contrast between pathologies, similar to T1‐weighted images of other soft tissues. Images taken shortly after magnetization inversion and displayed with inverted contrast highlight lung pathologies. Ernst‐angle images distinguish the effects of T1 relaxation and spin density and display distinctive patterns. T1 for pathologies were: atelectasis, 1.25 ± 0.046 s; inflammation from instillation of lipopolysaccharide, 1.24 ± 0.015 s; VILI, 1.55 ± 0.064 s (p = 0.0022 vs. normal lung); and injury from saline lavage, 1.90±0.080 s (p = 0.0022 vs. normal lung; p = 0.0079 vs. VILI). T1 of normal lung and erector spinae muscle were 1.25 ± 0.028 s and 1.02 ± 0.027 s, respectively (p = 0.0022).
Conclusions
Traditional T1‐weighting is subtle. However, images made with inverted magnetization and inverted contrast highlight the pathologies and Ernst‐angle images aid in distinguishing pathologies.
Effects of treadmill training on microvascular remodeling in the rat after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kissane Roger W. P. , Wright Oliver , Al'Joboori Yazi D. , Marczak Paulina , Ichiyama Ronaldo M. , Egginton Stuart 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The morphological characteristics of skeletal muscles innervated caudal to a spinal cord injury (SCI) undergo dramatic phenotypic and microvascular changes.Method: Female Sprague–Dawley rats received a severe contusion at thoracic level 9/10 and were randomly assigned to locomotor training, epidural stimulation, or a combination of the treatment groups (CB). Fiber type composition and capillary distribution were assessed in phenotypically distinct compartments of the tibialis anterior.Results: Spinal cord injury induced a shift in type II fiber phenotype from oxidative to glycolytic (P < 0.05) as well as capillary loss within the oxidative core and glycolytic cortex; the CB treatment best maintained capillary supply within both compartments.Discussion: The angiogenic response of CB training improved capillary distribution across the muscle; capillary distribution became spatially more homogeneous and mean capillary supply area decreased, potentially improving oxygenation. There is an important role for weight‐bearing training in maintaining the oxidative phenotype of muscle after SCI. Muscle Nerve 59:370–379, 2019
Needle electromyography and histopathologic correlation in myopathies
Authors: Sener Ugur , Martinez‐Thompson Jennifer , Laughlin Ruple S. , Dimberg Elliot L. , Rubin Devon I. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionNeedle electromyography (EMG) findings help confirm myopathy and may indicate specific pathologic changes on muscle biopsy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 218 consecutive patients referred for muscle biopsy. Presence of specific needle EMG findings was correlated with pathologic findings of inflammation, necrosis, splitting, and vacuolar changes. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of specific EMG findings for pathologic changes were calculated.ResultsShort‐duration motor unit potentials (MUP) were sensitive (83%–94%) but not specific (34%–49%) for pathologic changes. Fibrillation potentials were 65%–74% sensitive and 58%–81% specific for inflammation, necrosis, splitting, or vacuolar changes. The absence of fibrillation potentials had high negative predictive value (82%–93%) for inflammation, splitting, or vacuolar changes.DiscussionFibrillation potentials and short‐duration MUPs predict pathologic changes of muscle fiber necrosis, splitting, and/or vacuolar changes (as seen with inflammatory myopathies and muscular dystrophies). Absence of fibrillation potentials suggests other myopathologic changes (e.g., congenital myopathy). Muscle Nerve 59:315–320, 2019
Novel biopesticide based onErinnyis ellobetabaculovirus: characterization and preliminary field evaluation to controlErinnyis elloin rubber plantations
Authors: Cuartas Paola E , Villamizar Laura F , Barrera Gloria P , Ruiz Jenny C , Campos Juan C , León‐Martínez Guillermo , Gómez‐Valderrama Juliana 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe hornwornErinnyis ellois the major pest of natural rubber crops in Colombia, mainly controlled using toxic chemical insecticides. The use ofE. elloBetabaculovirus is an environmentally sustainable alternative for its control. The aim of the present work was to characterize a prototype biopesticide formulation and evaluate its efficacy under different conditions.ResultsQuality control evaluations of formulated biopesticide revealed that all the parameters evaluated were under the permissible level. The lethal concentrations LC50and LC90of the biopesticide were 4.3 × 103and 5.5 × 104occlusion bodies (OBs) mL−1, respectively. Biopesticide efficacies against second and fourth instar larvae under greenhouse conditions were higher than 80%. Evaluation of two application rates in a clonal garden resulted in 84% and 88% efficacy, comparable to that obtained with the chemical. The biopesticide in a commercial plantation showed efficacies between 74% and 82%. Biopesticide post‐application persistence was estimated at least in 1 week under field natural conditions. Results allowed selection of the lowest evaluated dose (1 × 1011 OBs ha−1) as the basis for further field evaluations.ConclusionFormulated ErelGV showed high efficacy to control the hornworm in rubber crops and high potential to be included in integrated pest management programs, thus it could be an interesting alternative to replace agrochemicals. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Organ‐mounted robot localization via function approximation
Authors: Wood Nathan A. , Schwartzman David , Passineau Michael J. , Halbreiner M. Scott , Moraca Robert J. , Zenati Marco A. , Riviere Cameron N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOrgan‐mounted robots adhere to the surface of a mobile organ as a platform for minimally invasive interventions, providing passive compensation of physiological motion. This approach is beneficial during surgery on the beating heart. Accurate localization in such applications requires accounting for the heartbeat and respiratory motion. Previous work has described methods for modeling quasi‐periodic motion of a point and registering to a static preoperative map. The existing techniques, while accurate, require several respiratory cycles to converge.MethodsThis paper presents a general localization technique for this application, involving function approximation using radial basis function (RBF) interpolation.ResultsIn an experiment in the porcine model in vivo, the technique yields mean localization accuracy of 1.25 mm with a 95% confidence interval of 0.22 mm.ConclusionsThe RBF approximation provides accurate estimates of robot location instantaneously.
Transplantation of Olfactory Stem Cells with Biodegradable Hydrogel Accelerates Facial Nerve Regeneration After Crush Injury
Authors: Esaki Shinichi , Katsumi Sachiyo , Hamajima Yuki , Nakamura Yoshihisa , Murakami Shingo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Olfactory mucosa contains neural stem cells, called olfactory stem cells (OSCs), which produce trophic support required for promoting axonal regeneration after nerve injury. However, the local tissue environment can reduce the viability/function of transplanted cells when placed directly on the injury. Although gelatin hydrogels have been shown to aid cell survival during transplantation, such OSC-hydrogel combinations have not been extensively tested, particularly during recovery from facial nerve palsy. In this study, OSCs were isolated from the olfactory mucosae of newborn mice and were shown to express neural stem cell markers before differentiation, as well as cell-type specific markers after differentiation, confirming their multipotency. The OSCs also secrete growth factors and various cytokines that promote nerve regeneration. To test the effects of OSC transplantation in vivo, Medgel, a biodegradable hydrogel sponge, was applied to retain OSCs around the injury site and to lessen the detrimental effects of the local environment in an established facial nerve palsy mouse model. When OSCs were transplanted into the injury site, accelerated recovery was observed for 1 week. When OSCs were transplanted with Medgel, a higher level and duration of accelerated recovery was observed. OSCs in Medgel also increased peripheral nerve function and increased the number of regenerated nerve fibers. These results suggest that OSCs implanted with Medgel accelerate and enhance recovery from facial palsy in mice. Because human OSCs can be easily obtained from olfactory mucosa biopsies with limited risk, this OSC-Medgel combination is a candidate treatment option for accelerating recovery after facial nerve injury. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:169&10
Strategic entrepreneurial behaviors: Construct and scale development
Authors: Anderson Brian S. , Eshima Yoshihiro , Hornsby Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2018

Research SummaryDelineating between conservative and entrepreneurial firms to discern the causes, consequences, and benefits of entrepreneurial behavior is a key conversation in strategic entrepreneurship research. We introduce to this conversation a new construct, Strategic Entrepreneurship Behaviors, which we argue provides several theoretical and practical benefits to scholars exploring strategic entrepreneurship phenomenon. We develop and validate a measurement model for the Strategic Entrepreneurship Behaviors construct using a three‐study design in Japan and in the United States. To facilitate reproducibility and replication of our results, we posted all data, R code, and Supporting Information on the Open Science Framework website available at https://osf.io/rqw5u/.
Managerial SummaryThe driving question in strategic entrepreneurship research is the impact of an organization's entrepreneurial activity on its performance. Answering this and related questions requires careful measurement of entrepreneurial activity. Existing measures and scales served the field well, but to answer questions establishing causal relationships, we need new constructs and measures robust to causal research designs. We introduce a new construct and scale, Strategic Entrepreneurial Behaviors, to capture the firm's exploitation of new product‐market opportunities through the intended commercialization of its product innovations. We hope this new measure for a firm's entrepreneurial activity allows researchers to build more predictive theory, and to ask—and answer—new research questions that move the strategic entrepreneurship conversation forward.
Entwurf und Konstruktion der neuen Comeniusbrücke über die Elbe in Jaroměř/Tschechien
Authors: Baum Mirko , Baroš David , Janata Vladimír 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie alte Comeniusbrücke über die Elbe aus dem Jahr 1886, die das historische Zentrum der Stadt mit einem neueren Stadtteil auf dem rechten Ufer des Flusses verband, wurde im Juni 2013 vom Hochwasser zerstört. Das Autorenteam siegte in einem zur Erneuerung der Brücke ausgelobten Architektenwettbewerb mit einem ungewöhnlichen Entwurf eines dreiseitig vorgespannten Balkens. Aufgrund ihrer Subtilität fand diese Konstruktion vor allem bei den Vertretern der Denkmalpflege großen Zuspruch, denn sie versprach, das historische Stadtpanorama nur minimal zu beeinträchtigen. Die neue Brücke dient dem Fußgänger‐ und Fahrradverkehr sowie den Fahrzeugen der Unterhaltung bis zu 3,5 t Gesamtgewicht. Darüber hinaus dient sie als Träger für die Wasserleitung und die Leitungen der öffentlichen Beleuchtung. Sie ist 61,50 m lang und überspannt zwischen den Lagern 59,50 m.
Central pharmacodynamic activity of solanezumab in mild Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Willis Brian A. , Sundell Karen , Lachno D. Richard , Ferguson‐Sells Lisa R. , Case Michael G. , Holdridge Karen , DeMattos Ronald B. , Raskin Joel , Siemers Eric R. , Dean Robert A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionSolanezumab treatment was previously shown to significantly increase total (bound + unbound) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid β (Aβ)1–40 and Aβ1–42 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease dementia yet did not produce meaningful cognitive effects. This analysis assessed solanezumab's central nervous system target engagement by evaluating changes in CSF total and free Aβ isoforms and their relationship with solanezumab exposure.MethodsCSF Aβ isoform concentrations were measured in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease dementia from a pooled EXPEDITION + EXPEDITION2 population and from EXPEDITION3. CSF solanezumab concentrations were determined from EXPEDITION3.ResultsSolanezumab produced statistically significant increases in CSF total Aβ isoforms versus placebo, which correlated with CSF solanezumab concentration. Inconsistent effects on free Aβ isoforms were observed. Solanezumab penetration into the central nervous system was low.DiscussionSolanezumab administration engaged the central molecular target, and molar ratio analyses demonstrated that higher exposures may further increase CSF total Aβ concentrations.
Discovery of Hydrothermal Vent Fields on Alarcón Rise and in Southern Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California
Authors: Paduan Jennifer B. , Zierenberg Robert A. , Clague David A. , Spelz Ronald M. , Caress David W. , Troni Giancarlo , Thomas Hans , Glessner Justin , Lilley Marvin D. , Lorenson Thomas , Lupton John , Neumann Florian , Santa Rosa‐del Rio Miguel A. , Wheat C. Geoffrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHydrothermal vent fields located in the gap between known sites in Guaymas Basin and 21°N on the East Pacific Rise were discovered on the Alarcón Rise and in southern Pescadero Basin. The Alarcón Rise spreading segment was mapped at 1‐m resolution by an autonomous underwater vehicle. Individual chimneys were identified using the bathymetric data. Vent fields were interpreted as active from temperature anomalies in water column data and observed and sampled during remotely operated vehicle dives. The Ja Sít, Pericú, and Meyibó active fields are near the eruptive fissure of an extensive young lava flow. Vent fluids up to 360 °C from Meyibó have compositions similar to northern East Pacific Rise vents. The Tzab‐ek field is 850 m west of the volcanic axis, and active chimneys rise up to 33 m above a broad sulfide mound. The inactive field is 10 km north‐northeast along the rift axis, and most sulfide chimneys are enriched in Zn and associated elements that are transported at lower temperature compared to the more Cu‐rich active fields. In southern Pescadero Basin, the Auka field is on the margin of a sediment‐filled graben at 3,670‐m depth. Discharging fluids are clear, contain hydrocarbons, and have neutral pH, elevated salinity, and temperatures up to 291 °C. They have deposited massive mounds of calcite with minor sulfide. The fluids are compositionally similar to those in Guaymas Basin, produced by high‐temperature basalt‐seawater interaction followed by reaction with sediment. The paucity of sulfide minerals suggests subsurface deposition of metals.
Quality Measure for the Walén Relation
Authors: Sonnerup B. U. Ö. , Haaland S. E. , Paschmann G. , Denton R.E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new quality index is proposed for quantitatively assessing the level of Alfvénicity of the flow in the magnetopause and other quasi one‐dimensional plasma/field structures. Perfect Alfvénicity is expressed by the so‐called Walén relation, which describes the agreement of the observed jump in velocity across a suitable portion of the magnetopause and the corresponding jump in Alfvén velocity. In the past, approximate agreement with this relation has been used as an important indicator of ongoing magnetic reconnection. The new index incorporates the effects of deviations in direction as well as in magnitude of the two vectors. Its properties and utility are illustrated by application to a large set of dayside magnetopause crossings by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft MMS 1. Time series for two of these events are also presented and discussed.