bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back home? Uncertainties for returning seized animals to the source‐areas under climate change
Authors: Destro Guilherme Fernando Gomes , de Fernandes Virgínia , de Andrade André Felipe Alves , De Marco Paulo , Terribile Levi Carina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRegardless of the economic, social and environmental impacts caused by wild animal trafficking worldwide, the suitable destination of seized specimens is one of the main challenges faced by environmental managers and authorities. In Brazil, returning seized animals to the wild has been the most frequent path in population restoration programs, and has been carried out, as a priority, in areas where the animals were captured. However, in addition to the difficulty in identifying the locations of illegal captures, little scientific knowledge is available on the future viability of the source‐areas to global climate change. Thus, the current work aims to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the main source‐municipalities for animal trafficking in Brazil, referred to herein as source‐areas. For this, using ecological niche modeling, the environmental suitability of the source‐areas for illegal animal captures was evaluated in two scenarios at two different time horizons: optimistic (RCP 26) and pessimistic (RCP 85) emission scenarios in both 2050 and 2070 projections. Moreover, the source‐areas were compared with the Brazilian Federal protected areas, used here as the control group. According to the results, Brazilian source‐municipalities are not always the best option for maintaining the most seized species in the future simulations, and, therefore, seem not be the best option for projects that aim for the return of these animals to the wild. In this sense, despite the genetic and ecological issues inherent in translocation projects, our results suggest that population restoration programs for seized species need to be rethought, and furthermore other suitable areas could be considered for truly ensuring the survival and maintenance of overexploited populations in the long term.
The clinical meaning of the “indefinite for atrophy” lesions within gastric mucosa biopsy specimens in a region with a high prevalence of gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Kim Nayoung , Yun Chang Yong , Lee Hye Seung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of gastric atrophy is important in the regions where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is high. The assessment of gastric atrophy is impossible in subjects with severe gastric inflammation or inadequate biopsy samples, leading these cases to be categorized as indefinite for atrophy. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of cases reported as indefinite for atrophy.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed 3192 gastric biopsies obtained at a single medical center between 2003 and 2017. Cases categorized as indefinite atrophy (n = 1,292) were compared with three groups, the absent atrophy group (n = 755), Operative Link on Gastric Atrophy (OLGA) I‐II group (n = 925), and OLGA III‐IV group (n = 220), by considering age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, salty and spicy food diet, ABO blood type, family history of gastric cancer (GC), and H. pylori infection that are known atrophic gastritis‐associated risk factors.ResultsSubjects aged ≥65 years (34.9% vs 26.4%, P < 0.001), male (58.9% vs 49.1%, P < 0.001), and H. pylori infected subjects (82.5% vs 63.3%, P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to be categorized into the indefinite atrophy group than absent atrophy group. Subjects with family history of GC (21.9% vs 25.7%, P = 0.031) and positive H. pylori infection (82.5% vs 86.2%, P = 0.019) were significantly less likely to be in the indefinite atrophy group than low‐risk OLGA group. Subjects aged ≥65 years (34.9% vs 52.3%, P < 0.001) and current/past smoker (50.9% vs 70.0%, P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to be in the high‐risk OLGA group than indefinite atrophy group.ConclusionsThe pathological report of indefinite for atrophy suggests a higher plausibility of gastric atrophy than nonassessment due to a simple technical error.
Torsional behaviour of Reciproc and Reciproc blue instruments associated with their martensitic transformation temperatures
Authors: Almeida G. C. , Guimarães L. C. , Resende P. D. , Buono V. T. L. , Peixoto I. F. C. , Viana A. C. D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the martensitic transformation temperatures and torsional resistance behaviour of classic M‐Wire Reciproc and Reciproc blue files (VDW, Munich, Germany).MethodologyM‐Wire classic Reciproc R25 and Reciproc blue R25 instruments were used. Transformation temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC‐DSC 60, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Three samples with approximately 20 mg of each system were cooled to −120 °C and then heated to 100 °C and then cooled to –100 °C at a rate of 10 °C min−1. The maximum torque values and angular deflection until fracture of new instruments (n = 10) were measured according to ISO 3630‐1. Results were analysed statistically using the Student's t‐test at a significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsDSC results revealed the absence of martensitic transformation for Reciproc instruments in the temperature range analysed. In both systems, the instruments were composed of a mixture of R‐phase and austenite at room temperature. After torsional tests, Reciproc blue had significantly lower values for mean maximum torque at rupture (P < 0.05), although the angular deflection values were significantly higher than the Reciproc classic group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth Reciproc and Reciproc blue instruments were composed of a mixture of R‐phase and austenite. Reciproc Blue instruments had a greater angle of rotation to fracture but a lower torque to failure than M‐Wire Reciproc instruments.
Effect of magnesium sulphate added to lidocaine on inferior alveolar nerve block success in patients with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mousavi S. A. , Sadaghiani L. , Shahnaseri S. , Zandian A. , Farnell D. J. J. , Vianna M. E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of magnesium sulphate used as an adjuvant to lidocaine with epinephrine local anaesthetic on the success of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANB) in patients with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis undergoing root canal treatment.MethodologyIn a double‐blind clinical trial, following power calculation, 124 patients with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molar teeth were selected, and initial pain data were collected using a Heft–Parker (Pain, 19, 1984 and 153) visual analogue scale. The first group (control) received IANB with 1.8 mL of a local anaesthetic solution containing 1.8% lidocaine with 1 : 88 000 epinephrine while the second group (test) received IANB with 1.8 mL of an anaesthetic solution containing 1% magnesium sulphate, and 1.8% lidocaine with 1 : 88 000 epinephrine. Pain data were collected after access cavity and penetration of files in the canals using a Heft–Parker visual analogue scale. Two patients were not included in the study as they did not consent, and a further 54 patients were excluded as they did not report lip numbness within 15 min after IANB administration; thus, the data presented in this study are related to 68 patients. The data were analysed using chi‐square and t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe success of pulpal anaesthesia with IANB was 82% for the magnesium sulphate group and 53% for the control group. There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of the IANB between the two groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the magnesium sulphate and control groups regarding gender (P = 0.598) or age (P = 0.208) or initial pain scores (P = 0.431).ConclusionsThe addition of 1% magnesium sulphate to 1.8% lidocaine with 1 : 88 000 epinephrine resulted in a positive impact for the success of IANB in patients with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis related to mandibular molar teeth undergoing root canal treatment. Thus magnesium sulphate may be used as adjuvant for achieving profound pulpal anaesthesia in challenging cases. However, more studies with larger sample size and different concentration doses must be carried out to establish an appropriate conclusion before its routine clinical use.
Association of interarm blood pressure difference with cardio‐cerebral vascular disease: A community‐based, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yu Siyu , Zhou Yi , Wu Kang , Zhou Xianfeng , Yang Yi , Qiu Hua , Liu Xiaolin , Ke Juzhong , Wang Xiaonan , Li Zhitao , Chen Xiaodan , Ruan Xiaonan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInterarm blood pressure difference (IAD) is a risk factor for peripheral artery disease and cardio‐cerebral vascular disease (CCVD). The current study examines the association of IAD with stroke and coronary heart disease in a Chinese community. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China. A total of 10 657 residents aged 15 years and older were randomly selected through three‐stage sampling. Volunteers had systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measured in both arms at recruitment, and IAD was defined in both arms as the absolute difference in BP. Medical records of study participants were reviewed by investigators to confirm measurements. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between systolic interarm blood pressure difference (sIAD) and diastolic interarm blood pressure difference (dIAD) with stroke and coronary heart disease. Compared with dIAD <5 mm Hg, the multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) of stroke prevalence was 1.357 (95% CI 0.725‐2.542, P = 0.034) for dIAD ≥20 mm Hg and 1.702 (95% CI1.025‐2.828, P = 0.040) for dIAD between 15 and 19 mm Hg, and the multivariate adjusted OR of coronary heart disease prevalence was 1.726 (95% CI 1.093‐2.726, P = 0.019) for dIAD ≥20 mm Hg and 1.498 (95% CI 0.993‐2.261, P = 0.044) for dIAD between 15 and 19 mm Hg. The relationship between cardio‐cerebral vascular disease and dIAD was significant in a Chinese community population. Further cohort studies are needed to investigate the association of different levels of IAD with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and subsequent mortality.
MEASURING LIMITS OF ARBITRAGE IN FIXED‐INCOME MARKETS
Authors: Fontaine Jean‐Sébastien , Nolin Guillaume 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn emerging literature relies on an index of limits of arbitrage in fixed‐income markets. We analyze the benefits of an index that is model‐free, robust, and intuitive. This new index strengthens the evidence that limits of arbitrage proxy for risks priced in the cross‐section of returns. Trading simulations show that the new index improves identification of limits of arbitrage because it bypasses a noisy estimation step. Relative value indices in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, and Canada exhibit strong commonality and high correlations with local volatility and funding conditions. The indices are updated regularly and available publicly.
Instant coffee foam: An investigation on factors controlling foamability, foam drainage, coalescence, and disproportionation
Authors: Shankaran Padma Ishwarya , Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFoamability and foam stability mechanisms of instant coffee foam were elucidated by varying the total solid content (10–40% w/w), gas flow rate (0.2–0.5 L/min) and gas sparging time (30–45 s). Maximum foam volume obtained after gas sparging was used as the measure of foamability. Foam stability was estimated from the rates of foam drainage, bubble coalescence, and disproportionation. Foamability was majorly influenced by the gas flow rate. Coffee foam exhibited three patterns of destabilization: (a) coalescence; (b) coalescence followed by disproportionation; and (c) partial coalescence. Differences in the mode of coffee foam destabilization can be attributed to the variations in initial bubble size and the manner in which the bubble size distribution evolves with time. The optimum conditions to obtain maximum foam volume and stability were 10% solid content of coffee solution, 0.4 L/min of gas flow rate, and 33 s of gas sparging time.Practical ApplicationsThe results of this study explain the underlying reasons for the metastability of coffee foam. The inferences derived from this research work can be used to improve the stability of coffee foam and produce newer types of aerated coffee‐based beverages.
Cerebral Multishell Diffusion Imaging Parameters are Associated with Blood Biomarkers of Disease Severity in HIV Infection
Authors: Garaci Francesco , Picchi Eliseo , Di Giuliano Francesca , Lanzafame Simona , Minosse Silvia , Manenti Guglielmo , Pistolese Chiara Adriana , Sarmati Loredana , Teti Elisabetta , Andreoni Massimo , Floris Roberto , Toschi Nicola 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEHIV‐positive subjects suffer from neurocognitive deficits and disorder. We employ multishell diffusion imaging to investigate possible white matter microstructural correlates of infection severity, quantified through plasmatic percentage value of CD4 T‐lymphocytes, Nadir‐CD4 count, and plasma concentration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐ribonucleic acid (RNA).METHODSA total of 41 HIV patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and blood sampling to evaluate biochemical markers. Diffusion‐weighted imaging was performed at 3 Tesla (b‐values: 1000 s/mm² and 2500 s/mm², 64 gradient directions/b‐value, 8 b0 images). The Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging models were fitted separately after which mean, radial, and axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD, respectively), fractional anistrotropy (FA), mean and radial kurtosis (MK and RK, respectively), and kurtosis anisotropy (KA) maps were extracted. Associations of each metric with biochemical markers were explored through tract‐based spatial statistics followed by threshold‐free cluster enhancement.RESULTSWe found significant positive associations between Nadir‐CD4 values and both KA and FA, and significant negative associations between Nadir‐CD4 values and MD. Also, we found significant positive associations among %CD4 and MK, KA, and FA, and significant negative associations among %CD4 values and MD. These associations were bilateral and involved predominantly the long association fibers. Anatomically, these associations were more widespread when using KA as compared to FA. No statistically significant associations with HIV‐RNA concentrations were found.CONCLUSIONSIn HIV‐positive subjects, associations between biochemical and diffusion‐MRI variables are found along the association fibers, which connect brain areas involved in memory formation, providing a possible interpretation for the neurobiological substrate underlying cognitive disturbances in HIV.
Assessment of the association between diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in adult cats
Authors: Pérez‐López Laura , Boronat Mauro , Melián Carlos , Saavedra Pedro , Brito‐Casillas Yeray , Wägner Ana M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. The relationship between the 2 diseases in cats is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the association between diabetes and CKD in a population of adult cats.AnimalsFive hundred sixty‐one cats that attended 2 veterinary centers in Gran Canaria, Spain, between 2014 and 2016.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed. Cats aged 3 years or older, with sufficient data to define whether or not they had diabetes and CKD, were selected. Cats in critical condition, with dehydration or potential causes of prerenal azotemia and those treated with nephrotoxic drugs were excluded. Diagnosis of CKD was established when creatinine concentrations were >2 mg/dL, or serum creatinine 1.6‐2 mg/dL and urine specific gravity <1.035, or serum creatinine 1.6‐2 mg/dL and urine protein/creatinine ratio >0.4. Factors associated with CKD were identified through multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsSixty‐seven (11.9%) cats had CKD and 16 (2.9%) cats had diabetes. Sixty cats without diabetes (11%) and 7 with diabetes (44%) had CKD. Among the latter, both conditions were diagnosed simultaneously in 6 cases, whereas diabetes preceded CKD in the other. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes was significantly associated with CKD (odds ratio = 4.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.51‐13.28; P = .007). Other variables associated with CKD were age and mixed breed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAfter adjusting for age, this study showed an association between diabetes and CKD in adult cats.
Community assembly on extensive green roofs: Effects of dispersal‐, abiotic‐ and biotic filtering on the spontaneous species‐ and functional diversity
Authors: Vanstockem Jan , Bastiaens Amelie , Helsen Kenny , Somers Ben , Hermy Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuestionsExtensive green roofs (EGRs) are novel ecosystems and essential tools in mitigating the negative effects of urbanization. However, the extent to which traditional community assembly insights apply to spontaneous plant and trait diversity and composition on EGRs and novel ecosystems in general is unclear: (a) is a dispersal filter present because of EGRs’ fragmented nature (e.g., roof height, urban environment); (b) can we confirm the strong abiotic filtering due to extreme EGR conditions (e.g., limited substrate depth); and (c) does the presence of the planted vegetation lead to biotic filtering?LocationThe Flanders and Brussels region of Belgium.MethodsThe vegetation of 129 EGRs was sampled during a field campaign. Information on local (e.g., substrate, roof height) and regional characteristics (e.g., connectivity indices) were collected and species traits were collected from multiple databases. All data were used to construct (generalized) linear mixed models that tested the effects of the dispersal‐, local abiotic‐ and local biotic filters on plant community formation. Redundancy analysis was used to investigate predictor effects on functional composition and null models were constructed to assess trait divergence/convergence.ResultsOur results show that the spontaneous plant species diversity is not affected by their landscape context (dispersal filtering), while their functional composition is. Additionally, the importance of abiotic filtering is confirmed, as substrate depth and exposure have a strong impact on species diversity and decreasing substrate depth negatively impacts functional diversity. Finally, we show that biotic filtering by increased planted species cover leads to trait divergence, changes in functional composition and reduced cover of spontaneous species.ConclusionsWe find that a broad perspective that includes the regional and local biotic and abiotic environment is needed to assess all factors that influence the vegetation on EGRs. As biotic interactions are present, EGRs should not be considered as static systems.
“Ought implies can” & missed care
Authors: Kearns Alan J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe concept of missed care refers to an irrefragable truth that required nursing care, which is left undone, occurs in the delivery of health care. As a technical concept, missed care offers nurses the opportunity to articulate a problematic experience. But what are we to make of missed care from an ethical perspective? Can nurses be held morally responsible for missed care? Ethically speaking, it is generally accepted that if a person has a moral obligation to do something, s/he needs to have the capacity to do it. If a person does not have the capacity to fulfil a moral obligation, then s/he cannot be held responsible for failing to do so. This is captured by the “ought implies can” (OIC) principle. This paper brings the OIC principle to the forefront of the discussion on missed care. It is contended that nurses – qua moral agents – may be discharged from a moral obligation to carry out a required caring act because of some inability that is not of their making and therefore may not be morally responsible for missed care. However, the OIC principle may not be applied to all situations of missed care depending on their causes. In addition, following in the thought of Sapontzis (The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 1991, XXIX, 383–393) it is contended that when an original obligation to deliver a required act of care cannot be fulfilled, other obligations may be generated as summed up in the “Principle of Making Amends” and the “Principle of Appropriate Feeling.” It is the view of this paper that these further principles could prevent the OIC principle from being used to simply excuse omissions of care from a normative standard and could support the view that nurses continue to have alternative obligations to make amends and to respond with appropriate feelings to missed care.
TaCER1‐1A is involved in cuticular wax alkane biosynthesis in hexaploid wheat and responds to plant abiotic stresses
Authors: Li Tingting , Sun Yulin , Liu Tianxiang , Wu Hongqi , An Peipei , Shui Zhijie , Wang Jiahuan , Zhu Yidan , Li Chunlian , Wang Yong , Jetter Reinhard , Wang Zhonghua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo protect above‐ground plant organs from excessive water loss, their surfaces are coated by waxes. The genes involved in wax formation have been investigated in detail in Arabidopsis but scarcely in crop species. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize a CER1 enzyme responsible for formation of the very long‐chain alkanes present in high concentrations especially during late stages of wheat development. On the basis of comparative wax and transcriptome analyses of various wheat organs, we selected TaCER1‐1A as a primary candidate and demonstrated that it was located to the endoplasmic reticulum, the subcellular compartment for wax biosynthesis. A wheat nullisomic‐tetrasomic substitution line lacking TaCER1‐1A had significantly reduced amounts of C33 alkane, whereas rice plants overexpressing TaCER1‐1A showed substantial increases of C25–C33 alkanes relative to wild type control. Similarly, heterologous expression of TaCER1‐1A in Arabidopsis wild type and the cer1 mutant resulted in increased levels of unbranched alkanes, iso‐branched alkanes and alkenes. Finally, the expression of TaCER1‐1A was found activated by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid treatment, resulting in increased production of alkanes in wheat. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TaCER1‐1A plays an important role in wheat wax alkane biosynthesis and involved in responding to drought and other environmental stresses.
Systematic review: Self‐rated health of Arab immigrants in the United States
Authors: Alkaid Albqoor Maha , Chen Jyu‐Lin , Weiss Sandra , Waters Catherine , Choi Jiwon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeA systematic review was conducted to understand self‐rated health (SRH) of Arab immigrants in the United States (U.S.).BackgroundArab immigrants are one of the fastest growing populations in the United States. There is some evidence that Arab immigrants face health issues including low SRH. However, no study has been done to synthesize research on SRH of Arab immigrants.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to guide this review. A search was conducted on seven databases.ResultsSix studies met the systematic review criteria. The available evidence indicated that rates of fair/poor SRH among Arab immigrants ranged between 4.66% and 41%. Arabic‐speaking immigrants, women, older immigrants, and socioeconomically disadvantaged immigrants had the highest rates of fair/poor SRH.ImplicationsHealth care providers need to assess patient's SRH and identify barriers to optimal health and health practices related to SRH of Arab immigrants.