bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seabird interactions and by‐catch in the anchovy pelagic trawl fishery operating in northern Argentina
Authors: Paz Jesica Andrea , Pon Juan Pablo Seco , Favero Marco , Blanco Gabriel , Copello Sofía 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Commercial fishing has been identified as one of the main threats affecting the survival of most seabird species. Although seabird mortality in Argentine longline and demersal trawl fisheries has already been characterized and quantified, the interactions with pelagic trawl fisheries targeting anchovy (Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & Marini, 1935) remains unknown.
The goal of this study was to characterize seabird assemblages attending pelagic trawl vessels and to analyse their interactions (i.e. contact of the birds with the vessel and/or fishing gear and by‐catch). Data were obtained by on‐board observers during three consecutive fishery runs, 2011–2013.
From a total of 333 observations, seabird abundance averaged 157.3 ± 229.7 birds per haul (totalling 23 species). Procellariiform followed by Charadriiform birds were the more frequent and abundant groups. The black‐browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris (Temminck, 1828)), shearwaters (Ardenna spp. and Puffinus spp.), white‐chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus, 1758), and the kelp gull (Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823) were the most frequent and abundant attending species.
The seabird abundance increased when the swell and the number of neighbouring vessels decreased.
Seabird interactions with the vessel and/or fishing gear occurred in approximately 70% of the observations, with most of these representing interactions with the net (92%). The estimated contact rate was 16.7 birds h−1 per haul. A total of 121 birds were by‐caught and the average mortality rate was 0.55 birds h−1 per haul. Shearwaters and Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster, 1781)) were the main by‐caught species (101 and 12 individuals, respectively). Lower levels of mortality were recorded in black‐browed albatrosses and white‐chinned petrels.
The interactions increased in the presence of fishing discards and during haulback operations.
This study is relevant to the implementation of the Argentine National Plan of Action – Seabirds, as well as for the continuing certification process in the anchovy fishery.
[Bis(imidazolyl)–BH2]+[Bis(triazolyl)–BH2]− Ionic Liquids with High Density and Energy Capacity
Authors: Jiao Nianming , Zhang Yanqiang , Li Hao , Liu Long , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract[Bis(imidazolyl)–BH2]+[bis(triazolyl)–BH2]− and [bis(imidazolyl)–BH2]+[tris(triazolyl)–BH]− were synthesized, the cations and anions of which were functionalized with B−H groups and azoles. As B−H groups contribute to the hypergolic activity and azole groups improve the energy output, the resulting ionic liquids exhibited ignition delay times as low as 20 ms and energy outputs as high as 461.1 kJ mol−1. In addition, densities (1.07–1.22 g cm−3) and density‐specific impulse (≈360 s g cm−3) values reached a relatively high level. These ionic liquids show great promise as sustainable rocket fuels.
Herausforderungen im Verkehrswasserbau
Authors: Heinzelmann Christoph , Bödefeld Jörg , Westendarp Andreas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDie für Bau, Betrieb und Unterhaltung der Bundeswasserstraßen in Deutschland verantwortliche Wasserstraßen‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes (WSV) steht vor großen Herausforderungen. Ein Arbeitsschwerpunkt ist die Instandhaltung der verbreitet veralteten Wasserstraßeninfrastruktur. Besondere Priorität haben dabei 34 Wehranlagen, deren Bauwerkszustand als kritisch einzustufen ist. Für Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen an Schleusenanlagen mit nur einer Schleusenkammer gilt, dass sie in der Regel unter laufendem Schiffsbetrieb durchgeführt werden müssen, da diese Anlagen im weitmaschigen Wasserstraßennetz nicht über längere Zeit gesperrt werden können.Mit dem Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2030 hat die Bundesregierung wichtige Weichen gestellt. Ein Grundsatz lautet, dass die Erhaltung der Infrastruktur Vorrang vor dem Aus‐ und Neubau hat. Durch den Einsatz von Building Information Modeling (BIM) im Infrastrukturbau sollen Projekte künftig schneller, qualitativ besser und kostengünstiger gebaut werden.Als technisch‐wissenschaftlicher Berater und Gutachter für die WSV ist die Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW) in die Arbeit der WSV intensiv eingebunden. Für die Instandsetzung von Schleusen unter Betrieb entwickeln BAW und WSV derzeit gemeinsam Lösungsansätze, deren praktische Umsetzbarkeit an der Neckar‐Schleusenanlage Schwabenheim erprobt werden soll. Für den Einsatz von BIM im Verkehrswasserbau leistet die BAW aktuell wichtige konzeptionelle Vorarbeiten. Als erste Pilotanwendung im Bundeswasserstraßennetz ist der Neubau der Schleuse Wedtlenstedt vorgesehen.
Integrated catalytic adsorption steam gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed for enhanced H2 production: perspective of design and pilot plant experiences
Authors: Khan Zakir , Yusup Suzana , Ahmad Murni M , Inayat Abrar , Naqvi Muhammad , Sheikh Rizwan , Watson Ian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is important to build knowledge about the design of an integrated catalytic adsorption (ICA) steam gasification process in a bubbling fluidized bed, which can reduce CO2 content with enhanced hydrogen production. The value of this study is its presentation of detailed design considerations for the performance evaluation of an ICA system using palm oil waste as feedstock. The main advantage of using ICA gasification systems is the CO2 adsorption through a carbonation reaction (using CaO), which helps the water gas shift reaction to move forward. The activity of a catalyst improves steam methane reforming in parallel, which not only produces additional hydrogen but also releases CO to enhance the activity of the water gas shift reaction. The performance of the developed system has shown <1% of temperature variation inside the reactor, which suggested a positive role for exothermic reactions between reactive bed material (CaO) and CO2 in the product gas. The low pressure drop in the gasifier (100–130 mbar) further strengthens the design strategy for the ICA gasification system for hydrogen production. Challenges encountered during the pilot plant operations, and their potential solutions, are discussed to optimize the operation, especially for downstream equipment and auxiliaries. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evaluation of needle trap micro‐extraction and solid‐phase micro‐extraction: Obtaining comprehensive information on volatile emissions from in vitro cultures
Authors: Oertel Peter , Bergmann Andreas , Fischer Sina , Trefz Phillip , Küntzel Anne , Reinhold Petra , Köhler Heike , Schubert Jochen K. , Miekisch Wolfram 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from in vitro cultures may reveal information on species and metabolism. Owing to low nmol L−1 concentration ranges, pre‐concentration techniques are required for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) based analyses. This study was intended to compare the efficiency of established micro‐extraction techniques – solid‐phase micro‐extraction (SPME) and needle‐trap micro‐extraction (NTME) – for the analysis of complex VOC patterns. For SPME, a 75 μm Carboxen®/polydimethylsiloxane fiber was used. The NTME needle was packed with divinylbenzene, Carbopack X and Carboxen 1000. The headspace was sampled bi‐directionally. Seventy‐two VOCs were calibrated by reference standard mixtures in the range of 0.041–62.24 nmol L−1 by means of GC–MS. Both pre‐concentration methods were applied to profile VOCs from cultures of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. Limits of detection ranged from 0.004 to 3.93 nmol L−1 (median = 0.030 nmol L−1) for NTME and from 0.001 to 5.684 nmol L−1 (median = 0.043 nmol L−1) for SPME. NTME showed advantages in assessing polar compounds such as alcohols. SPME showed advantages in reproducibility but disadvantages in sensitivity for N‐containing compounds. Micro‐extraction techniques such as SPME and NTME are well suited for trace VOC profiling over cultures if the limitations of each technique is taken into account.
CFD Modeling of Active Volume Creation in a Non‐Newtonian Fluid Agitated by Submerged Recirculating Jets
Authors: Wu Binxin , Kennedy Stephen , Eshtiaghi Nicky , Parthasarathy Rajarathinam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were employed to investigate flow conditions inside a model reactor in which yield stress non‐Newtonian liquid is mobilized using submerged recirculating jets. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results of active volume in the reactor obtained using flow visualization by the authors in a previous study. The models developed are capable of predicting a critical jet velocity (vc) that determines the extent of active volume obtained due to jet mixing. The vc values are influenced both by the rheological properties of the liquid and the nozzle orientation. The liquid with higher effective viscosity leads to higher vc for a downward facing injection nozzle. However, an upward facing injection nozzle along with a downward facing suction nozzle generates enhanced complementary flow fields which overcome the rheological constraints of the liquid and lead to lower vc.
Diffusion Studies of Glucose and Sucrose in Chitosan Membranes and Beads for Enzymatic Production Processes
Authors: Hartig Dave , Hacke Sandra , Ott Lisanne , Gabrielczyk Jakub , Müller Clarissa , Jördening Hans-Joachim , Scholl Stephan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe diffusion of glucose and sucrose was investigated in membrane and bead experiments. Concentration‐dependent diffusion coefficients of pure glucose and sucrose were determined in precipitated chitosan membranes of varying thickness using diffusion cell experiments. Contrary to fructose, the resulting diffusion coefficients of glucose and sucrose did not reach their free diffusion coefficients at infinite dilution suggesting additional interactions between chitosan and these two sugars. Counter‐diffusion in bead experiments showed a good agreement between predicted and measured data allowing the inclusion of the diffusion data in the simulation of the proposed production process for laminaribiose. In conclusion, the encapsulation in chitosan presented a good trade‐off between increased mass transfer resistance as evaluated by the Thiele modulus and improved thermal stability and antibacterial activity.
Electrospun N‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanofiber with Improved Degree of Graphitization for High‐Performance Lithium Ion Capacitor
Authors: Shi Ruiying , Han Cuiping , Xu Xiaofu , Qin Xianying , Xu Lei , Li Hongfei , Li Junqin , Wong Ching‐Ping , Li Baohua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) has been regarded as a promising device that combines the merits of lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors, and that meets the requirements for both high energy and high power density. The development of advanced electrode materials is the key requirement. Herein, we report the bottom‐up synthesis of activated carbon nanofiber (a‐PANF) with a hierarchical porous structure and a high degree of graphitization. Electrospinning has been employed to prepare an interconnected fiber network with macropores, and ferric acetylacetonate has been introduced as both a mesopore‐creating agent and a graphitic catalyst to increase the degree of graphitization. Furthermore, chemical activation enlarges the specific surface area by producing abundant micropores. Half‐cell evaluation of the as‐prepared a‐PANF gave a discharge capacity of 80 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 within 2–4.5 V and no capacity fading after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1, which represents a significant improvement compared to conventional activated carbon (AC). Furthermore, an as‐assembled LIC with a‐PANF cathode and Fe3O4 anode showed a superior energy density of 124.6 W h kg−1 at a specific power of 93.8 W kg−1, which remained at 103.7 W h kg−1 at 4687.5 W kg−1. This indicates promising application potential of a‐PANF as an electrode material for efficient energy storage systems.
Sphingolipids regulate neuromuscular synapse structure and function in Drosophila
Authors: West Ryan J. H. , Briggs Laura , Perona Fjeldstad Maria , Ribchester Richard R. , Sweeney Sean T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSphingolipids are found in abundance at synapses and have been implicated in regulation of synapse structure, function, and degeneration. Their precise role in these processes, however, remains obscure. Serine Palmitoyl‐transferase (SPT) is the first enzymatic step for synthesis of sphingolipids. Analysis of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) revealed mutations in the SPT enzyme subunit, lace/SPTLC2 resulted in deficits in synaptic structure and function. Although NMJ length is normal in lace mutants, the number of boutons per NMJ is reduced to ∼50% of the wild type number. Synaptic boutons in lace mutants are much larger but show little perturbation to the general ultrastructure. Electrophysiological analysis of lace mutant synapses revealed strong synaptic transmission coupled with predominance of depression over facilitation. The structural and functional phenotypes of lace mirrored aspects of Basigin (Bsg), a small Ig‐domain adhesion molecule also known to regulate synaptic structure and function. Mutant combinations of lace and Bsg generated large synaptic boutons, while lace mutants showed abnormal accumulation of Bsg at synapses, suggesting that Bsg requires sphingolipid to regulate structure of the synapse. In support of this, we found Bsg to be enriched in lipid rafts. Our data points to a role for sphingolipids in the regulation and fine‐tuning of synaptic structure and function while sphingolipid regulation of synaptic structure may be mediated via the activity of Bsg.
Open‐Label, Dose‐Escalation, Phase 1 Study of Safety and Single and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Dichlorphenamide in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Cohen Fredric 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSingle‐and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics and safety were investigated in this phase 1 study of dichlorphenamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor approved in the United States for treatment of primary periodic paralysis. Dichlorphenamide was administered to 6 cohorts (n = 6 each) of healthy adults. Cohorts A through E received single doses of 25–400 mg followed by 50–800 mg/day in divided doses for 10 total doses. Cohort F (safety analysis only) received up to 28 titrated doses from 100–800 mg/day. Plasma for pharmacokinetics sampling was obtained predose and up to 48 hours postdose. Twenty‐five of 36 enrolled subjects completed. Median time to maximum plasma concentration ranged from 1.5–3 hours, and mean half‐life from 32–68 hours. Mean area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to tau (length of the dosing interval estimated using the trapezoidal method) and maximum observed plasma concentration increased dose‐proportionally after multiple doses. The incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) were dose‐related, with at least one mild AE reported among 17%, 17%, and 67% of patients in cohorts A, B, and C, respectively; and at least one mild‐to‐moderate AE among 100% of subjects in cohorts D, E, and F. One serious AE of rash was reported in cohort F. Eleven subjects discontinued; 10 due to AEs at 400 or 800 mg/day (cohorts E and F), including 100% of cohort F. Hypokalemia contributed to 5 of 6 discontinuations in cohort F (all 800 mg/day).
Social network data analysis and mining applications for the Internet of Data
Authors: Cuomo Salvatore , Maiorano Francesco 
Published: May 2018

SummarySocial network analysis is an interdisciplinary topic attracting researchers from biology, economics, psychology, and machine learning, with an existing long history based on graph theory. It has since attracted interests from both the research and business communities for a strong potential and variety of applications. In addition, this interest has been fueled by the large success of online social networking sites and the subsequent abundance of social network data produced. An important aspect in this research field isinfluence maximizationin social networks. The goal is to find a set of individuals to be targeted with the aim to drive social contagion and generate a diffusion cascade. We provide here an overview of the models and approaches used to analyze social networks. In this context, we also discuss data preparation and privacy concerns. We further describe different kind of approaches based on centrality measures, which express a sociological interpretation of the data, and stochastic influence and information propagation techniques, which aim at modeling the underlying diffusion processes that govern social interactions.
Employing Theories Far beyond Their Limits – Linear Dichroism Theory
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUsing linear polarized light, it is possible in case of ordered structures, such as stretched polymers or single crystals, to determine the orientation of the transition moments of electronic and vibrational transitions. This not only helps to resolve overlapping bands, but also assigning the symmetry species of the transitions and to elucidate the structure. To perform spectral evaluation quantitatively, a sometimes “Linear Dichroism Theory” called approach is very often used. This approach links the relative orientation of the transition moment and polarization direction to the quantity absorbance. This linkage is highly questionable for several reasons. First of all, absorbance is a quantity that is by its definition not compatible with Maxwell's equations. Furthermore, absorbance seems not to be the quantity which is generally compatible with linear dichroism theory. In addition, linear dichroism theory disregards that it is not only the angle between transition moment and polarization direction, but also the angle between sample surface and transition moment, that influences band shape and intensity. Accordingly, the often invoked “magic angle” has never existed and the orientation distribution influences spectra to a much higher degree than if linear dichroism theory would hold strictly. A last point that is completely ignored by linear dichroism theory is the fact that partially oriented or randomly‐oriented samples usually consist of ordered domains. It is their size relative to the wavelength of light that can also greatly influence a spectrum. All these findings can help to elucidate orientation to a much higher degree by optical methods than currently thought possible by the users of linear dichroism theory. Hence, it is the goal of this contribution to point out these shortcomings of linear dichroism theory to its users to stimulate efforts to overcome the long‐lasting stagnation of this important field.
Cluster‐based mobility management algorithms for wireless mesh networks
Authors: Mallikarjuna Rao Y. , Subramanyam M. V. , Satya Prasad K. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been the recent advancements and attracting more academicians and industrialists for their seamless connectivity to the internet. Radio resource is one among the prime resources in wireless networks, which is expected to use in an efficient way especially when the mobile nodes are on move. However, providing guaranteed quality of service to the mobile nodes in the network is a challenging issue. To accomplish this, we propose 2 clustering algorithms, namely, static clustering algorithm for WMNs and dynamic clustering algorithm for WMNs. In these algorithms, we propose a new weight‐based cluster head and cluster member selection process for the formation of clusters. The weight of the nodes in WMN is computed considering the parameters include the bandwidth of the node, the degree of node connectivity, and node cooperation factor. Further, we also propose enhanced quality of service enabled routing protocol for WMNs considering the delay, bandwidth, hopcount, and expected transmission count are the routing metrics. The performance of the proposed clustering algorithms and routing protocol are analyzed, and results show high throughput, high packet delivery ratio, and low communication cost compared with the existing baseline mobility management algorithms and routing protocols.
Distance and clustering‐based energy‐efficient pseudonyms changing strategy over road network
Authors: Memon Imran 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTo improve the fairness, the energy consumption changing pseudonyms needs to be taken into account. Existing works focus on changing velocity‐based pseudonyms changing strategy and short changes interval with limited coverage, but due to similar velocity and short changes, internal attacker guesses easily known communication and location information due to location information of vehicle on tracking, which may expose adversary private information, and frequently, pseudonyms changing occurs due to movement of vehicles' similar velocity and short coverage, which may cause serious attack of vehicle. To overcome this problem, distance and cluster can be performed. In this work, we proposed distance and cluster‐based energy pseudonyms changing method for road network. We proposed distance and energy‐based clustering routing service over road network, the cluster head elected to depend on random number of distance and energy to change pseudonyms of vehicles. An each interval to be establish cluster head vehicle deployed while selects the operation mode and informs the cluster members of the selected mode through beacon signal. The cluster head vehicle node performs the pseudonyms changing based on the predicted distance and energy of the cluster member to use clustering optimization. The data of whole network send to report server through these nodes while near the RSU, and the vehicles in this area will use less energy to change the pseudonyms. The simulation results show that the proposed method enhances pseudonyms changing strategy less consumption and delays sufficient privacy level each vehicle also our method has outperform compare with existing methods than we use Sumo simulation and Matlab tools to verify our proposed method. Our proposed method outperformed in terms of pseudonym changing energy efficiency to careful attention during the cluster formation process, stable and balanced clusters that prolong the network lifetime, increases distances to more CH vehicles connectivity to makes clustering group and changing their pseudonyms in terms of high level privacy and finally, CH nodes use Dijkstra's algorithm use MST among the vehicles nodes depend on existing road networks to follow shortest path selection roads in terms of high connectivity probability of CH and stable structure of the network decreases the topology changes and thus,the clustering overhead is reduced.