bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality, romantic relationships, and alcohol use disorder symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood: An evaluation of personality × social context interplay
Authors: Samek Diana R. , Hicks Brian M. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrior research has shown that person-level characteristics (e.g., temperament, personality) correlate and interact with social-contextual factors (e.g., parent–child relationship quality, antisocial peer affiliation) to predict adolescent substance use, but less research has examined similar processes for adult substance use problems. We addressed this gap by testing for personality × romantic partner context interplay in relation to symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) at ages 24 and 29. Participants were twins in the longitudinal Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 2,769; 52% female). Results support the corresponsive principle of personality in that we found that key personality traits in late adolescence (low constraint, negative emotionality) predicted subsequent “selection” into key social contexts in early adulthood (poorer quality romantic relationships and greater romantic partner alcohol use), which subsequently reinforced those traits and associated outcomes (including correlated AUD symptoms) through late young adulthood. There were few meaningful gender differences in these associations. There was also no support for the personality × romantic partner context interaction as a significant predictor of AUD symptoms at ages 24 or 29. Taken together with prior studies, these results suggest that such interactions may be less relevant to the development of young adult AUD compared to adolescent substance use problems.
Non-linear regulation of cardiac autonomic modulation in obese youths: interpolation of ultra-short time series
Authors: Garner David M. , Vanderlei Franciele M. , Valenti Vitor E. , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground:In this study, we applied ultra-short time series of interbeat intervals (RR-intervals) to evaluate heart rate variability through default chaotic global techniques with the purpose of discriminating obese youths from non-obese youth patients.Method:Chaotic global analysis of the RR-intervals from the electrocardiogram and pre-processing adjustments was undertaken. The effect of cubic spline interpolations was assessed, while the spectral parameters remained fixed. Exactly, 125 RR-intervals of data were recorded.Results:CFP1, CFP3, and CFP6 were the only significant combinations of chaotic globals when the standard conditions were enforced and at the level p&lt;0.01 (or &lt;1%). These significances were acheived via Kruskal–Wallis and Cohen’s ds effects sizes tests of significance after Anderson–Darling and Lilliefors statistical tests indicated non-normal distributions in the majority of cases. Adjustments of the cubic spline interpolation from 1 to 13 Hz were revealed to be inconsequential when measured by Kruskal–Wallis and Cohen’s ds, regarding the outcome between the two datasets.Conclusion:Chaotic global analysis was offered as a robust technique to distinguish autonomic dysfunction in obese youths. It can discriminate the two different groups using ultra-short data lengths, and no cubic spline interpolations need be applied.
Exploring the Parameter Space of Point Spread Function Determination for the Scanning Electron Microscope—Part I: Effect on the Point Spread Function
Authors: Nevins Mandy C. , Quoi Kathryn , Hailstone Richard K. , Lifshin Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe point spread function (PSF) of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be determined using a recently developed nanoparticle calibration method. Many parameters are involved in PSF determination and introduce a previously unstudied amount of uncertainty into the PSF size and shape. Signal type, support material thickness, reference particle size, PSF smoothing (K), and background correction were investigated regarding their effect on the PSF. Experimental data were complemented by CASINO simulations. Differences in detector position between the observed particles and the method's simulated reference particles caused shifting between secondary electron PSFs and backscattered electron PSFs. Support material thickness did not have a practical effect on the PSF at the tested voltages. Uncertainty in reference particle size varied the PSF full width at half maximum (FWHM) within ±0.7 nm at 2σ, with virtually no uncertainty in some cases. K and background correction within a reasonable range of values resulted in PSF FWHM differences within ±0.9 nm, except at 2 kV for K with an upper bound of ±1.9 nm due to increased noise. Tailoring K and background correction case-by-case would result in smaller differences. The interconnection of these parameters may help in future efforts to calculate their best selection.
Anatomical, Phytochemical, and Histochemical Study of Juniperus rigida Needles at Different Altitudes
Authors: Kuang Shun , Liu Linfang , Qing Mingliang , Zhang Yujia , Feng Xueping , Wang Dongmei , Jiang Yun , Zhang Xin , Li Dengwu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeedles ofJuniperus rigidaare used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of brucellosis, dropsy, skin disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. This is the first study that reports anatomical structures of theJ. rigidaneedles collected at different altitudes. The most common anatomical, phytochemical, and histochemical techniques and methods are used. The results show that anatomical structures and chemical composition change significantly at different altitudes. The main anatomical characters are significant xeromorphic structures (thick epidermis, hypodermis, and cuticle), a stomatal band, a developed vascular bundle, and a marginal resin duct. The xeromorphic structures become more pronounced with increasing altitude. The phytochemical and histochemical results demonstrate that the content of the main chemical compounds (phenols and terpenoids) basically increases at a higher elevation. Histochemical analysis localizes the phenols in epidermal cells, sponge tissue, endothelial layer cells, and stomatal bands, and the terpenoids in palisade tissue, sponge tissue, and the edge of the resin duct. This work reveals the relation between anatomy and chemistry inJ. rigidaneedles, contributes to the quality control of its ethno-medicine, and provides the evidence to develop the commercial cultivation.
Yet more on a stochastic economic model: Supplement to Part 4: A model for share earnings, dividends and prices
Authors: Wilkie A. D. , Şahin Şule 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the Earnings, Cover (the ratio of earnings over dividends) and Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio models which we introduced in Part 4 of this series. Although we suggested that the significant decline in the Earnings Index over 2015-2016 might be followed by dividends and share prices, this has not happened. Instead, Earnings have risen substantially over the years 2016 to 2018. Therefore, we revise our models based on the updated data and compare the new set of models with the one in Part 4 as well as with themselves. We then compare different methods for forecasting Dividends and Share Prices.
Political insurance for the (relative) poor: How liberal constitutionalism could resist plutocracy
Authors: KHAITAN TARUNABH 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:Fair value of equal political liberties is a key precondition for the legitimacy of a regime in liberal thought. This liberal guarantee is breached whenever a group is permanently or semi-permanently locked out of power. Given the convertibility, subtlety, and resilience of power, gross material inequality – produced by neoliberal economic policies – effectively locks the relative poor out of political power. Such lockout breaches the legitimacy constraint on a liberal constitutional democracy. Neoliberal democracies, sooner or later, become plutocracies. This possibility should concern not only liberal political theory but also liberal constitutionalism. The usual objections to a constitutional concern with gross inequality and plutocracy – based on concerns relating to transparency, counter-majoritarianism and flexibility – are useful design instructions, but do not rule out the constitutionalisation of egalitarian and anti-plutocratic norms. A whole panoply of legal and political constitutional measures – already familiar to or incrementally developed from liberal constitutional thought and practice worldwide – could be marshalled to effectively promote material equality and resist plutocracy. These measures – documented to map the possibilities rather than as a manifesto – seek either to prevent material inequality from becoming excessive or to prevent its conversion into political inequality. Good constitutional design, depending on the context, is likely to deploy several tools from both these toolboxes.
Persistent Bias Among Local Election Officials
Authors: Hughes D. Alex , Gell-Redman Micah , Crabtree Charles , Krishnaswami Natarajan , Rodenberger Diana , Monge Guillermo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResults of an audit study conducted during the 2016 election cycle demonstrate that bias toward Latinos observed during the 2012 election has persisted. In addition to replicating previous results, we show that Arab/Muslim Americans face an even greater barrier to communicating with local election officials, but we find no evidence of bias toward blacks. An innovation of our design allows us to measure whether e-mails were opened by recipients, which we argue provides a direct test of implicit discrimination. We find evidence of implicit bias toward Arab/Muslim senders only.
Die Diagnostik von Angst und Depression mit dem Mehrdimensionalen Angstinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche (MAI-KJ)
Authors: Hock Michael , Heim-Dreger Uwe , Eschenbeck Heike , Kohlmann Carl-Walter 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Das allgemeine Modul des „Mehrdimensionalen Angstinventars für Kinder und Jugendliche“ (MAI-KJ) dient der Messung von dispositioneller Angst (indiziert durch Aufgeregtheit und Besorgnis) und Depression (indiziert durch hohe Traurigkeit und niedrige Freude). Der Aufbau des Fragebogens wird vorgestellt. Überprüft werden Faktorenstruktur, psychometrische Eigenschaften und Validität des Verfahrens. Die Analysen basieren vorwiegend auf 2 Stichproben von Kindern und Jugendlichen der Klassenstufen 3 bis 10 (Stichprobe 1: N = 2 594, Stichprobe 2: N = 7 339). Die angenommene Struktur konnte mittels explorativer und konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen bestätigt werden. Struktur und Messeigenschaften des MAI-KJ waren weitgehend invariant gegenüber Geschlecht und Alter der Kinder. Die Reliabilitäten der Skalen fielen zufriedenstellend bis gut aus (Cronbachs α zwischen .70 und .88). Die Stabilitäten erwiesen sich als hoch (Korrelationen zwischen .61 und .76, Zeitabstand: 2 bis 4 Wochen). Zahlreiche Hinweise auf die Validität konnten durch Korrelationen mit Fragebogenverfahren zur Diagnostik von Angst und Depression gewonnen werden.
Psychologische Diagnostik im Rahmen der Behandlung von Gewalt- und Sexualstraftätern im Justizvollzug
Authors: Etzler Sonja , Rettenberger Martin 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Sozialtherapeutische Einrichtungen des Justizvollzugs dienen der Behandlung von (Sexual–) Straftätern, um deren Rückfallrisiko nachhaltig zu reduzieren. Das weltweit bekannteste Rehabilitationsmodell, nach dem intramurale Behandlung strukturiert werden sollte, um möglichst positive Behandlungseffekte zu erzielen, ist das Risk-Need-Responsivity-Modell (RNR-Modell). Psychologische Diagnostik nimmt in der Umsetzung dieser RNR-Prinzipien eine Schlüsselposition ein, um im Rahmen der Eingangs-‍, Verlaufs- und Abschlussdiagnostik den Therapieprozess anzuleiten. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist eine empirische Darstellung der intramuralen psychodiagnostischen Praxis anhand einer Vollerhebung aller 71 sozialtherapeutischen Einrichtungen im Jahr 2016. Von 71 Einrichtungen führen 62 eine Eingangs-‍, 50 eine Verlaufs- und 36 eine Abschlussdiagnostik durch. Dabei erfolgt die Eingangsdiagnostik in der Regel standardisiert, während Verlaufs- und Abschlussdiagnostik seltener einem standardisierten Schema folgen. Besonders häufig wurden Risikoprognoseverfahren zur Einschätzung des Rückfallrisikos eingesetzt, wobei insgesamt eine starke Anlehnung an das RNR-Modell zu konstatieren ist.
Depositional History and Indian Summer Monsoon Controls on the Silicate Weathering of Sediment Transported to the Eastern Arabian Sea: Geochemical Records From IODP Site U1456 Since 3.8 Ma
Authors: Cai Mingjiang , Xu Zhaokai , Clift Peter D. , Lim Dhongil , Khim Boo‐Keun , Yu Zhaojie , Kulhanek Denise K. , Li Tiegang , Chen Hongjin , Sun Rongtao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSystematic variation in elemental and Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions of the clay‐sized (<2 μm) siliciclastic fraction from the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1456 (Laxmi Basin) provides valuable insights into dynamic changes in continental weathering intensity in the western Himalayas and sediment inputs from the Indus River and Deccan Traps to the eastern Arabian Sea. Long‐term, high‐resolution proxy records from the sediment core reveal that the main sources (i.e., Indus River and Deccan Trap basalts) of the fine‐grained detrital sediments have significantly changed with Indian summer monsoon variation over the studied time interval. During two depositional periods (3.8–3.3 and 2.7–1.2 Ma) corresponding to a weak Indian summer monsoon, the Indus River contributed fine‐grained sediments with high K/Al, high 87Sr/86Sr, and low εNd to the study site. Between 3.3 and 2.7 Ma and between 1.2 and 0 Ma, deposition in the eastern Arabian Sea was governed by large inputs of Deccan Trap‐derived basaltic sediments, characterized by high Mg/Al and Fe/Al, low 87Sr/86Sr and chemical index of alteration values, and high εNd values, associated with a change to a stronger Indian summer monsoon driving stronger chemical weathering. Synchronous changes in the geochemical proxies since 3.8 Ma highlight that variations in the inputs of siliciclastic sediments and Indian summer monsoon development are closely coupled.
Saturn's Multiple, Variable Periodicities: A Dual‐Flywheel Model of Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Magnetosphere Coupling
Authors: Brooks E. L. , Fernandez C. , Pontius D. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Jovian flywheel model was developed to explain the remarkable steadiness of the observed corotation lag in Jupiter's magnetosphere. The key conclusion of that research was that the observed lag is primarily due to slippage within the neutral atmosphere, with only a small fraction of it arising from slippage between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. Moreover, the neutral wind profile in the atmosphere responds very slowly, so it acts as a mechanical flywheel to dampen out temporal variations with timescales less than several months. We adapt the model for Saturn by allowing the Pedersen conductance to differ in the northern and southern hemispheres. In steady state, the two neutral thermospheres then have different rotation rates that can slowly vary with the season on Saturn as solar illumination of the poles varies.
Potassium and Thorium Abundances at the South Pole‐Aitken Basin Obtained by the Kaguya Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer
Authors: Naito M. , Hasebe N. , Nagaoka H. , Wöhler C. , Berezhnoy A. A. , Bhatt M. , Kim K. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we present detailed K and Th distribution maps of the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin with a (100‐km)2 resolution for the compositional and evolutional studies. These maps have been constructed for the first time from the Kaguya gamma‐ray spectrometer (KGRS) data sets acquired during SELENE (Kaguya) low‐altitude observations at 50 km. The K and Th distribution maps are compared with those obtained by KGRS high‐altitude observation and Lunar Prospector GRS high‐ and low‐altitude observations. The use of KGRS low‐altitude data sets with high energy resolution enable to obtain unambiguous counts of individual gamma‐ray lines, leading precise elemental maps of K and Th comparing to previous studies. K and Th abundances at the areas of some large impact craters infilled with mare deposits are lower than that in surrounding regions. Geologic maps of the SPA region obtained by the Kaguya Multiband Imager are assimilated and confirmed based on the K and Th distributions. The evolution hypothesis of the SPA region based on the SPA giant impact event suggested by some previous model studies is also confirmed.
Polariton polarization rectifier
Authors: Sedov Evgeny S. , Rubo Yuri G. , Kavokin Alexey V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe propose a novel photonic device, the polariton polarization rectifier, intended to transform polariton pulses with arbitrary polarization into linearly polarized pulses with controllable orientation of the polarization plane. It is based on the interplay between the orbital motion of the polariton wave packet and the dynamics of the polariton pseudospin governed by the spatially dependent effective magnetic field. The latter is controlled by the TE-TM splitting in a harmonic trap. We show that the unpolarized polariton pulse acquires linear polarization in the course of propagation in a harmonic trap. This gives the considered structure an extra function as a linear polarizer of polariton pulses.
Deciphering links between bacterial interactions and spatial organization in multispecies biofilms
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Jacquiod Samuel , Brejnrod Asker , Russel Jakob , Burmølle Mette , Sørensen Søren J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Environmental microbes frequently live in multispecies biofilms where mutualistic relationships and co-evolution may occur, defining spatial organization for member species and overall community functions. In this context, intrinsic properties emerging from microbial interactions, such as efficient organization optimizing growth and activities in multispecies biofilms, may become the object of fitness selection. However, little is known on the nature of underlying interspecies interactions during establishment of a predictable spatial organization within multispecies biofilms. We present a comparative metatranscriptomic analysis of bacterial strains residing in triple-species and four-species biofilms, aiming at deciphering molecular mechanisms underpinning bacterial interactions responsible of the remarkably enhanced biomass production and associated typical spatial organization they display. Metatranscriptomic profiles concurred with changes in micro-site occupation in response to the addition/removal of a single species, being driven by both cooperation, competition, and facilitation processes. We conclude that the enhanced biomass production of the four-species biofilm is an intrinsic community property emerging from finely tuned space optimization achieved through concerted antagonistic and mutualistic interactions, where each species occupies a defined micro-site favoring its own growth. Our results further illustrate how molecular mechanisms can be better interpreted when supported by visual imaging of actual microscopic spatial organization, and we propose phenotypic adaptation selected by social interactions as molecular mechanisms stabilizing microbial communities.
The schizophrenia genetics knowledgebase: a comprehensive update of findings from candidate gene studies
Authors: Liu Chenxing , Kanazawa Tetsufumi , Tian Ye , Mohamed Saini Suriati , Mancuso Serafino , Mostaid Md Shaki , Takahashi Atsushi , Zhang Dai , Zhang Fuquan , Yu Hao , Doo Shin Hyoung , Sub Cheong Hyun , Ikeda Masashi , Kubo Michiaki , Iwata Nakao , Woo Sung-Il , Yue Weihua , Kamatani Yoichiro , Shi Yongyong , Li Zhiqiang , Everall Ian , Pantelis Christos , Bousman Chad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver 3000 candidate gene association studies have been performed to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia. However, a comprehensive evaluation of these studies’ findings has not been undertaken since the decommissioning of the schizophrenia gene (SzGene) database in 2011. As such, we systematically identified and carried out random-effects meta-analyses for all polymorphisms with four or more independent studies in schizophrenia along with a series of expanded meta-analyses incorporating published and unpublished genome-wide association (GWA) study data. Based on 550 meta-analyses, 11 SNPs in eight linkage disequilibrium (LD) independent loci showed Bonferroni-significant associations with schizophrenia. Expanded meta-analyses identified an additional 10 SNPs, for a total of 21 Bonferroni-significant SNPs in 14 LD-independent loci. Three of these loci (MTHFR, DAOA, ARVCF) had never been implicated by a schizophrenia GWA study. In sum, the present study has provided a comprehensive summary of the current schizophrenia genetics knowledgebase and has made available all the collected data as a resource for the research community.
Altered polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in relation to proinflammatory cytokines, fatty acid desaturase genotype, and diet in bipolar disorder
Authors: Koga Norie , Ogura Jun , Yoshida Fuyuko , Hattori Kotaro , Hori Hiroaki , Aizawa Emiko , Ishida Ikki , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInflammation and altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels have been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD). A recent genome-wide association study identified a locus in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster conferring susceptibility to BD. In this study, we examined PUFA levels in patients with BD in relation to proinflammatory cytokines, FADS genotype, and dietary habits. We enrolled 83 patients with BD and 217 healthy controls who underwent plasma PUFA measurement. A subsample of 65 patients and 90 controls underwent plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) measurement, and three FADS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Information on fish consumption was obtained by a self-reported diet history questionnaire. In comparing PUFA levels between patients and controls, significant differences were found for all 7 PUFAs tested. Specifically, n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level was decreased, and n-6 arachidonic acid level was increased in the patients (p < 0.0001 for both). Plasma IL-6 and TNFα levels were both significantly increased in the patients. Plasma EPA level was negatively correlated with IL-6 and TNFα levels. The FADS genotype, which was associated with increased n-6 PUFA levels, was also associated with marked elevation in TNFα levels. Less frequent fish intake was associated with low EPA and high IL-6 level. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for altered plasma PUFA and proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with BD. Furthermore, FADS genotype and fish consumption may contribute not only to altered PUFA levels but also to inflammation in BD.