bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of volatile organic compounds in the headspace above mold fungi by GC‐soft X‐radiation–based APCI‐MS
Authors: Erler A. , Riebe D. , Beitz T. , Löhmannsröben H.‐G. , Grothusheitkamp D. , Kunz T. , Methner F.‐J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMold fungi on malting barley grains cause major economic loss in malting and brewery facilities. Possible proxies for their detection are volatile and semivolatile metabolites. Among those substances, characteristic marker compounds have to be identified for a confident detection of mold fungi in varying surroundings. The analytical determination is usually performed through passive sampling with solid phase microextraction, gas chromatographic separation, and detection by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI‐MS), which often does not allow a confident determination due to the absence of molecular ions. An alternative is GC‐APCI‐MS, generally, allowing the determination of protonated molecular ions. Commercial atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources are based on corona discharges, which are often unspecific due to the occurrence of several side reactions and produce complex product ion spectra. To overcome this issue, an APCI source based on soft X‐radiation is used here. This source facilitates a more specific ionization by proton transfer reactions only. In the first part, the APCI source is characterized with representative volatile fungus metabolites. Depending on the proton affinity of the metabolites, the limits of detection are up to 2 orders of magnitude below those of EI‐MS. In the second part, the volatile metabolites of the mold fungus species Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium, and Penicillium are investigated. In total, 86 compounds were found with GC‐EI/APCI‐MS. The metabolites identified belong to the substance classes of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, substituted aromatic compounds, terpenes, and sesquiterpenes. In addition to substances unspecific for the individual fungus species, characteristic patterns of metabolites, allowing their confident discrimination, were found for each of the 4 fungus species. Sixty‐seven of the 86 metabolites are detected by X‐ray–based APCI‐MS alone. The discrimination of the fungus species based on these metabolites alone was possible. Therefore, APCI‐MS in combination with collision induced dissociation alone could be used as a supervision method for the detection of mold fungi.
Preparation of Biocomposite Microfibers Ready for Processing into Biologically Active Textile Fabrics for Bioremediation
Authors: Kaiser Patrick , Reich Steffen , Greiner Andreas , Freitag Ruth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiocomposites, i.e., materials consisting of metabolically active microorganisms embedded in a synthetic extracellular matrix, may find applications as highly specific catalysts in bioproduction and bioremediation. 3D constructs based on fibrous biocomposites, so‐called “artificial biofilms,” are of particular interest in this context. The inability to produce biocomposite fibers of sufficient mechanical strength for processing into bioactive fabrics has so far hindered progress in the area. Herein a method is proposed for the direct wet spinning of microfibers suitable for weaving and knitting. Metabolically active bacteria (either Shewanella oneidensis or Nitrobacter winogradskyi (N. winogradskyi)) are embedded in these fibers, using poly(vinyl alcohol) as matrix. The produced microfibers have a partially crystalline structure and are stable in water without further treatment, such as coating. In a first application, their potential for nitrite removal (N. winogradskyi) is demonstrated, a typical challenge in potable water treatment.
Effect of Hook and Bait Size on Catch Efficiency in the Persian Gulf Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Herrmann Bent , Eighani Morteza , Paighambari Seyed Yousef , Feekings Jordan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The effect of hook and bait sizes on the catch efficiency and size composition of Spangled Emperor Lethrinus nebulosus, Orange spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides, and Narrowbarred Mackerel Scomberomorus commerson was investigated in the recreational and semi subsistence handline fishery in the Persian Gulf. Based on expectations that increasing hook and bait sizes would decrease the catch efficiency of the smaller individuals while maintaining the catch efficiency of larger fish, we investigated the effect of increasing hook and bait sizes. For all three species, the results indicated slightly lower catch efficiency for the smaller fish when larger hooks were used. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a significant increase in catch efficiency for the larger sizes of Spangled Emperor and Orange spotted Grouper when fished with larger hooks, an effect that increased with fish size for both species. Additionally, the overall catch efficiency did not vary significantly when increasing hook and bait sizes for the three species investigated. This study shows that fishing with larger hooks and larger bait would change the exploitation pattern of these species toward higher proportions of larger fish in the catches. Moreover, based on the size distribution of the species on the fishing grounds during the study period, the use of larger hooks and bait would lead to significant increases in the total number of Spangled Emperor caught (41% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17–69%) and the total number of Orange spotted Grouper caught (151% increase; 95% CI = 132–336%), respectively. The results indicated a similar effect for Narrowbarred Mackerel; however, the effect was far less profound than for the two other species and was not significant for any size classes.
Responses of Hatchery- and Natural-Origin Adult Spring Chinook Salmon to a Trap-and-Haul Reintroduction Program
Authors: Kock Tobias J. , Perry Russell W. , Pope Adam C. , Serl John D. , Kohn Mike , Liedtke Theresa L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The construction of impassable dams severely affected many Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. populations, resulting in reintroduction efforts that are now focused on returning anadromous fish to areas located upstream of these dams. A primary strategy for moving adult salmon and steelhead O. mykiss around a dam or multiple dams involves trapping fish downstream and transporting them to upstream areas (“trap and haul”) for spawning. We conducted a 4-year radiotelemetry study to evaluate behavior and movement patterns of hatchery- and natural-origin adult spring Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha after a trap-and-haul program was implemented around three dams on the Cowlitz River, Washington. A multistate model was used to describe how factors such as origin, sex, release site location, and discharge affected transition rates to riverine areas where spawning habitat was located. Natural-origin Chinook Salmon moved upstream from a reservoir release site and entered one of two rivers more quickly and in greater proportions than hatchery-origin fish. Results from the multistate model indicated that transition rates from the reservoir to the Cowlitz River were 2.2 times higher for natural-origin Chinook Salmon than for hatchery-origin fish. About one-half (49.6%) of the reservoir-released hatchery-origin Chinook Salmon moved upstream into the Cowlitz River or the Cispus River during the spawning period. The release of hatchery-origin Chinook Salmon directly into these rivers increased the percentage of fish with river fates during the spawning period to 72.3–75.4%. Results from the multistate model showed that factors such as release site location, origin, day of year, and discharge were important predictors of transition intensities between specific locations in the study area. These findings illustrate the need to evaluate how salmon and steelhead respond to trap-and-haul methods, allowing for better management of reintroduction efforts in the future.
Mathematical and numerical analysis in thermo‐gradient‐dependent theory of plasticity
Authors: Aouadi Moncef , Bettaieb Mohamed Ben , Abed‐Meraim Farid 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we develop new governing equations for thermo‐gradient‐dependent theory of plasticity. They include the coupled effects of thermal elastic‐plastic theory, including balance and constitutive equations. To demonstrate the salient feature of the gradient‐dependent model of plasticity, particular attention is addressed to isotropic hardening with second sound effects to eliminate the paradox of infinite speed of thermal signals. The resulting system of partial differential equations formally describes the coupled thermomechanical behavior of the gradient‐dependent elasto‐plastic system. Then, we develop an appropriate state‐space form and, by using the semigroup theory, we prove the well‐posedness and the exponential stability of the thermo‐gradient‐dependent elasto‐plastic one‐dimensional problem. Finally, we perform numerical simulations to validate the proposed model and to show its capability.
Introduction
Authors: Schweingruber Fritz H. , Börner Annett 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTerrestrial life forms made their move on land about 400 million years ago. Plants crossed the barrier between life in water to life in the atmosphere. With the invention of stable stems, plants overcame hydrological and mechanical problems. The construction of plant stems is the focus of this book. It demonstrates that nature created a framework in which plant stems evolved—annual herbs as well as century-old, 100 m-tall trees, from tropical to arctic environments.
Fossilization, permineralization, coalification, carbonization and wet wood conservation
Authors: Schweingruber Fritz H. , Börner Annett 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTerrestrial life forms made their move on land about 400 million years ago. Plants crossed the barrier between life in water to life in the atmosphere. With the invention of stable stems, plants overcame hydrological and mechanical problems. The construction of plant stems is the focus of this book. It demonstrates that nature created a framework in which plant stems evolved—annual herbs as well as century-old, 100 m-tall trees, from tropical to arctic environments.
Production of single cell protein from agro-waste using Rhodococcus opacus
Authors: Mahan Kristina M , Le Rosemary K , Wells Tyrone , Anderson Seth , Yuan Joshua S , Stoklosa Ryan J , Bhalla Aditya , Hodge David B , Ragauskas Arthur J 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Livestock and fish farming are rapidly growing industries facing the simultaneous pressure of increasing production demands and limited protein required to produce feed. Bacteria that can convert low-value non-food waste streams into singe cell protein (SCP) present an intriguing route for rapid protein production. The oleaginous bacterium Rhodococcus opacus serves as a model organism for understanding microbial lipid production. SCP production has not been explored using an organism from this genus. In the present research, R. opacus strains DSM 1069 and PD630 were fed three agro-waste streams: (1) orange pulp, juice, and peel; (2) lemon pulp, juice, and peel; and (3) corn stover effluent, to determine if these low-cost substrates would be suitable for producing a value-added product, SCP for aquafarming or livestock feed. Both strains used agro-waste carbon sources as a growth substrate to produce protein-rich cell biomass suggesting that that R. opacus can be used to produce SCP using agro-wastes as low-cost substrates.
Beneficial effects of a daytime nap on verbal memory in adolescents☆
Authors: Lau Esther Yuet Ying , McAteer Susan , Leung Cecilia Nga Wing , Tucker Matthew A. , Li Cheng 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine the sleep‐dependent memory consolidation of verbal declarative memory in Chinese adolescents in a naturalistic experimental setting. Thirty‐nine healthy boarding school students (ages 15–18, 70% female) were randomized to either a one‐hour afternoon nap or wake group between the baseline and the retest sessions of three verbal declarative memory tasks: a Prose Stories Recall task, a Word Pair Associates task, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Results showed that the nap group performed better than the no‐nap group on both the Prose Stories Recall task and the Word Pair Associates task, but not on list learning. Our findings suggest that napping is beneficial to verbal declarative memory in adolescents, providing ecologically‐valid empirical support for the sleep‐dependent memory consolidation hypothesis using a napping paradigm in participants' naturalistic habitat. Our results demonstrate the potential importance of napping as a practical mnemonic intervention/compensatory strategy for student populations.
Predicting suicidal behaviour after first episode of non-affective psychosis: The role of neurocognitive functioning
Authors: Canal-Rivero M. , López-Moríñigo J.D. , Setién-Suero E. , Ruiz-Veguilla M. , Ayuso-Mateos J.L. , Ayesa-Arriola R. , Crespo-Facorro B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground:Suicide has been recognised as one of the major causes of premature death in psychosis. However, predicting suicidal behaviour (SB) is still challenging in the clinical setting and the association of neurocognition with SB in psychosis remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of neurocognitive performance as predictor of SB. Also, we sought to explore differences in the evolution of clinical and neurocognitive functioning between participants with/without history of suicide attempts (SA) over follow-up period.Methods:The sample of the study is composed by 517 patients. Sociodemographic, clinical, functional and neurocognitive measures were evaluated at baseline as well as 1-year and 3 years after first episode of psychosis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses explored the influence of these variables as putative baseline predictors of SB. Repeated measures analyses of variance tested differences in clinical and neurocognitive outcomes at 1- and 3-year follow-up.Results:Global cognitive functioning (GCF) (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.25–2.67) and severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07–1.28) predicted SB. Longitudinal analyses revealed that patients with SB at follow-up presented with higher levels of remission in terms of positive psychotic symptoms and depression. In addition, those with a history of SB had worse GCF and visual memory than those without such antecedents.Conclusions:GCF was found to be the most robust predictor of SB along with severe depressive symptomatology. Hence, poorer cognitive performance in FEP appears to emerge as a risk factor for suicidal behaviour from early stages of the illness and a comprehensive neurocognitive assessment may contribute to risk assessment.
Baumol's cost disease and the withering of the state
Authors: Semat Joshua , Lowery David , Linn Suzanne , Berry William D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMost theories of government growth place nearly exclusive attention on real changes in public sector activity. Yet, much nominal post–WWII government spending growth was not in the form of the public sector doing more relative to the general economy (real growth), but in the form of government activities becoming relatively more expensive (cost growth). Baumol's (1967) “cost disease” model is our best guide to understanding cost growth, but over time, Baumol has offered conflicting hypotheses about how cost growth bears on real growth. Using 1947–2012 U.S. data, we test these hypotheses, along with a more novel expectation, by modifying Berry and Lowery's (1987b) econometric models of real growth in public purchases and transfers to consider the influence of government cost growth on real public domestic spending.
A FAREWELL TO KING COAL: GEOPOLITICS, ENERGY SECURITY, AND THE TRANSITION TO OIL, 1898–1917
Authors: EDIGER VOLKAN Ş. , BOWLUS JOHN V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInterest in energy transitions has accelerated in recent years due to rising concerns about global warming and resource scarcity, but the drivers of these phenomena are not well understood. To date, scholars have primarily focused on commercial and technological factors, highlighting that oil was ‘better’ than coal – more powerful, cheaper, cleaner, and more practical to use – and that the internal combustion engine made it more advantageous to use in transportation. Yet oil was also a strategic commodity that powerful states sought to acquire for military reasons. This article contends that geopolitics, military decision-making, and energy security hastened the transition from oil to coal prior to the First World War. It argues that Britain, Germany, and the United States sought to transition their naval fleets from coal to oil to gain a military advantage at sea, which created, for the first time, the problem of oil-supply security. Through government-led initiatives to address oil-supply security, vast new supplies of oil came online and prices fell, the ideal environment for oil to eclipse coal as the dominant source in the global energy system.
Comparative efficacies of topical antiseptic eardrops against biofilms from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and quinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Youn C K , Jun Y , Jo E-R , Jang S-J , Song H , Cho S I 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to compare the anti-biofilm activities of four commonly available antiseptic eardrops against biofilms from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and quinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.MethodsThe anti-biofilm activities of 50 per cent Burow's solution, vinegar with water (1:1), 2 per cent acetic acid solution, and 4 per cent boric acid solution were evaluated using biofilm assays. Additionally, the anti-biofilm activities of the four antiseptic solutions against tympanostomy tube biofilms were compared using a scanning electron microscope.ResultsThe inhibition of biofilm formation from methicillin-resistant S aureus and quinolone-resistant P aeruginosa occurred after treatment with 4 per cent boric acid solution, 2 per cent acetic acid solution, and vinegar with water (1:1). However, 50 per cent Burow's solution did not exhibit effective anti-biofilm activity.ConclusionThe results indicate that 4 per cent boric acid solution and vinegar with water (1:1) are potent inhibitors of biofilms from methicillin-resistant S aureus and quinolone-resistant P aeruginosa, and provide safe pH levels for avoiding ototoxicity.
How phenotype guides management of the neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx
Authors: López F , Hunt J L , Nixon I J , Rinaldo A , Williams M D , Cardesa A , Ferlito A 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis review aimed to critically analyse data pertaining to the clinical presentation and treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx.MethodA PubMed search was performed using the term ‘neuroendocrine carcinoma’. English-language articles on neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx were reviewed in detail.Results and conclusionWhile many historical classifications have been proposed, in contemporary practice these tumours are sub-classified into four subtypes: carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. These tumours exhibit a wide range of biological behaviour, ranging from the extremely aggressive nature of small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, which usually have a fatal prognosis, to the less aggressive course of carcinoid tumours. In small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, a combination of irradiation and chemotherapy is indicated, while carcinoid and atypical carcinoid tumour management entails conservation surgery.
Fragmented Public Authority and State Un/making in the ‘New’ Republic of Nepal
Authors: NIGHTINGALE ANDREA J. , BHATTARAI ANIL , OJHA HEMANT R. , SIGDEL TULASI SHARAN , RANKIN KATHARINE N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestions of state formation and public authority have been at the top of the development and political agenda in Nepal since 2006. The post-2006 so-called ‘political transition’ has been characterized by rising ethnic tensions, violence, strikes, and a bewildering kaleidoscope of leaders gaining political leverage, only to be marginalized again. In 2015, the Constitution was finally adopted following the earthquakes and amid violent protests from groups who felt their needs were marginalized in the final version. In this article we are concerned to probe how struggles over different technologies of government help throw into relief the various terrains within which public authority is claimed and contested, and, as a result, help to expose the limits of the state. Using the forestry sector as an ethnographic lens, we argue that there is both a profound failure by the state to provide services and stable governanceas well asan ability to reproduce itself and to function in some contexts. It is therefore important to understand public authority during this period as both stable and unstable—and at times, instability is what helps to perpetuate particular imaginaries of the Nepali state.
‘From Our Side Rules Are Followed’: Authorizing bureaucracy in Nepal's ‘permanent transition’
Authors: BYRNE SARAH 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article explores how local civil servants produce the conditions of possibility for bureaucratic authority in Nepal's contested political environment of war and post-war ‘transition’. Specifically, it examines the everyday practices of local civil servants as they attempt to influence the distribution of such public resources as agricultural inputs and local government budgets. The article asks: how do local civil servants produce the authority necessary to get things done in the face of changing local government structuresandrival authority claims frombothwartime Maoist People's Governments and resurgent patronage politics in the post-war period? In a context characterized as ‘ordinary extraordinary’, the article suggests that local civil servants employ a form of practice that has been termed ‘tactical government’ and proposes three distinct forms of this practice. However, the article also argues that tactical practice tells only part of the story and that it can be insightful to enrich our understanding of tactical government with an analysis of more general life projects. Bureaucratic practices are also motivated by factors such as the significance of the contested resource and paternal ideas of ‘the common good’. Such a suggestion is in line with recent work on everyday lives in situations of protracted violent conflict and insecurity, and on the role of culture in producing civil servants/services. Looking at these two forms of practice together, in particular their interconnections, gives us a fuller account of how authority is produced. Furthermore, it allows more nuanced and detailed perspectives into the complex process of state-making.