bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonmetropolitan residence and other factors affecting clinical trial enrollment for adolescents and young adults with cancer in a US population–based study
Authors: Mobley Erin M. , Charlton Mary E. , Ward Marcia M. , Lynch Charles F. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundCancer survival rates in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have shown slow improvements in comparison with other age groups, and this may be due to lower participation in clinical trials. Little evidence has been provided regarding how nonmetropolitan residence may influence clinical trial enrollment for AYAs with cancer. This study sought to determine whether AYAs from nonmetropolitan areas have lower rates of clinical trial enrollment than their urban counterparts and to examine factors associated with enrollment variation.MethodsData from the National Cancer Institute’s 2006 and 2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Patterns of Care AYA cohorts were analyzed. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and sarcoma were included (n = 3155). Urban influence codes were used to measure the rurality of the county of residence at diagnosis, which was categorized as large metropolitan, small metropolitan, or nonmetropolitan. Logistic regression compared trial participants and nonparticipants while adjusting for patient and provider factors.ResultsCompared with AYAs from large metropolitan counties, AYAs from small metropolitan (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57‐2.64) or nonmetropolitan counties (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.23‐2.81) experienced greater trial enrollment. AYAs treated at a hospital with a residency program (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.63‐3.16) or by a pediatric oncologist (OR, 4.02; 95% CI, 3.03‐5.32) were associated with greater enrollment. There was a significant interaction between rurality and hospital size, which had the greatest impact on nonmetropolitan enrollment.ConclusionsClinical trial enrollment was higher among AYAs from nonmetropolitan counties than those from metropolitan counties, predominantly when they were treated at large hospitals.
High Performance Inverted Planar MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with a Simple Annealing Process
Authors: Duan Junjie , Zhang Yunfang , Yu Dengji , Wang Fang , Dai Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHere we report a simple and fast annealing method to prepare MAPbI3 perovskite active film for an inverted planar solar cell. The annealing process includes suspended annealing followed by contact annealing; the optimized annealing temperature is 90 °C. The MAPbI3 perovskite film shows improved crystallization and larger grain size after annealing at 90 °C. Furthermore, the MAPbI3 perovskite cell electrode deposition and efficiency test are performed in ambient air, and a high PCE of 17.12% are achieved when the annealing temperature is 90 °C. The results indicate that a high efficiency MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell can be realized by a simple annealing process with convenient equipment requirements.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Hierarchical Surfaces by Square Pulse Electrodeposition: Copper‐Based Layers on Gold/Silicon (100) Substrates
Authors: Akbari Raziyeh , Godeau Guilhem , Mohammadizadeh M. R. , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCopper based layers were fabricated on gold/silicon (100) substrates by using square pulse electrodeposition at different deposition temperatures. The predominant crystalline plane on Cu2O samples at temperatures higher than 30 °C is (111), which is the most hydrophobic facet of Cu2O cubic structure. Different crystallite structures such as semivertical leaves, fractal trees, and octahedral pyramids were formed on the surface. These water‐repellent samples have hierarchical structures, including octahedral pyramid microstructures with small spherical balls on them and well‐branched micrometric vertical leaves on the surface. They provide a suitable surface for trapping air pockets inside the structure and increasing the water contact angle up to 154°. This approach may be applicable to the large‐scale preparation of water‐repellent surfaces as superhydrophobicity can be achieved in a one‐step deposition process without any secondary modifications.
Efficacy of targeted liposomes and nanocochleates containing imatinib plus dexketoprofen against fibrosarcoma
Authors: Çoban Özlem , Değim Zelihagül , Yılmaz Şükran , Altıntaş Levent , Arsoy Taibe , Sözmen Mahmut 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe main challenges in treating cancer using chemotherapeutics are insufficient dose at the target site and the development of drug resistance, while higher doses can induce side effects by damaging nontarget tissues. Combinatorial drug therapy may overcome these limitations by permitting lower doses and more specific targeting, thereby mitigating drug resistance and nontarget side effects. Recent reports indicate that nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have anticancer potential and can be used together with conventional chemotherapeutics to improve efficacy and safety. In the present study, imatinib mesylate and dexketoprofen trometamol were selected as model drugs to develop targeted surface‐modified liposome and nanocochleate formulations for fibrosarcoma treatment. The physicochemical properties and in vitro efficacy of various formulations were evaluated by measurement of particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, diffusion through Caco‐2 cells, and toxicity in culture. Selected formulations were then evaluated in fibrosarcoma‐bearing model mice by histopathological observations and tyrosine kinase receptor inhibition assays. The most effective formulation on the fibrosarcoma model was a PEGylated nanocochleate formulation. These findings provide a foundation for developing more effective formulations and chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of fibrosarcoma and other types of cancer.
Ecohydrologic structure and function of stream networks with earthen upstream and concrete‐lined downstream
Authors: Gomes Pattiyage I.A. , Wai Onyx W.H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConcrete‐lined streams are one of the most extreme forms of river regulation. This study investigated an urban stream network with concrete‐lined (C) and earthen (E) sections. The C sections were positioned downstream of the E sections. This abrupt change of stream type due to concrete lining was compared with the predictions of river continuum concept and process domain concept. River continuum concepts predictions on the macroinvertebrate functional feeding group fractions against stream order and energy sources showed disagreements in this study. Furthermore, other than abundance of pollution intolerant species variation, most of the species responses did not support the process domain concept predictions. Correlations between explanatory variables (stream hydraulics or water quality) and response variables (macroinvertebrate composition and vegetation) observed to be dependent on stream lining and seasons. Stream discharge showed positive correlations with the pollution representative species in both section types but was more obvious in C sections. Water budget estimations showed that wastewater accounted for at least 5% of stream discharge of the C sections in the dry season. pH was the most important and significant water quality parameter of the C sections. Against expectations, nitrogen species and soluble reactive phosphorus did not have a major impact on species variables. Hydraulic variables that represented stream heterogeneity were more useful in explaining species variables of the E sections. Similar explanatory powers by the hydraulics and water quality variables of the C sections demonstrated the importance and interdependency of stream hydraulics and water quality in rehabilitating of this unique ecosystem.
Cumulative Sulfate Loads Shift Porewater to Sulfidic Conditions in Freshwater Wetland Sediment
Authors: Johnson Nathan W. , Pastor John , Swain Edward B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
It is well established that sulfide can be toxic to rooted aquatic plants. However, a detailed description of the effects of cumulative sulfate loads on sulfide and iron (Fe) porewater geochemistry, plant exposure, and ecological response is lacking. Over 4 yr, we experimentally manipulated sulfate loads to self-perpetuating wild rice (Zizania palustris) populations and monitored increases in the ratio of sulfur (S) to Fe in sediment across a range of sulfide loading rates driven by overlying water sulfate. Because natural settings are complicated by ongoing Fe and S loads from surface and groundwater, this experimental setting provides a tractable system to describe the impacts of increased S loading on Fe–S porewater geochemistry. In the experimental mesocosms, the rate of sulfide accumulation in bulk sediment increased linearly with overlying water sulfate concentration up to 300 µg-SO4 cm–3. Seedling survival at the beginning of the annual life cycle and seed mass and maturation at the end of the annual life cycle all decreased at porewater sulfide concentrations between 0.4 and 0.7 µg cm–3. Changes to porewater sulfide, plant emergence, and plant nutrient uptake during seed production were closely related to the ratio of S to Fe in sediment. A mass balance analysis showed that porewater sulfide remained a small and relatively transient phase compared to sulfate in the overlying water and Fe in the sediment solid phase. The results illuminate the evolution of the geochemical setting and timescales over which 4 yr of cumulative sulfate loading resulted in a wholesale shift from Fe-dominated to sulfide-dominated porewater chemistry. This shift was accompanied by detrimental effects to, and eventual extirpation of, self-perpetuating wild rice populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1231–1244. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Effects of Mine Tailings Exposure on Early Life Stages of Atlantic Cod
Authors: Reinardy Helena C. , Pedersen Kristine B. , Nahrgang Jasmine , Frantzen Marianne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In Norway, mine tailings waste can be deposited by coastal submarine dispersal. Mine tailings slurry includes fine particles &lt;10 µm with elevated levels of metals (e.g., copper, iron) from residual mineral ore. Prolonged suspension of small particles in the water column may bring them into contact with locally spawned pelagic fish eggs, including Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Newly fertilized cod embryos were exposed to suspended mine tailings particles up to 3.2 mg/L in flow-through aquaria for a total of 21 d. Significantly more particles adhered to the surface of the chorion from the high treatment after 11-d exposure, and dissolved Cu concentrations increased in the water (up to 0.36 ± 0.06 µg/L). There was no adverse effect on embryo mortality but an 8% elevation in larval mortality. There were no differences with treatment on timing of hatching, embryo and larva morphometrics, abnormalities, or cardiac activity. There was a treatment-dependent up-regulation of stress marker genes (hspa8, cyp1c1) but no indication of metal-induced activation of metallothionien (mt gene transcription). Transcription markers for DNA and histone methyltransferases did show treatment-related up-regulation, indicative of altered methylation in larvae when developmental methylation patterns are determined, indicating some level of chronic toxicity that may have longer-term effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1446–1454. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Exposure to mine tailings particles increases mortality in Atlantic cod larvae and results in increased expression of genes involved in epigenetic regulation.
Development and Validation of an Efficient Method for Processing Microplastics in Biota Samples
Authors: Yu Zimin , Peng Bo , Liu Liang-Ying , Wong Charles S. , Zeng Eddy Y. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The impacts of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems and biota are gaining attention globally. Although microplastics have been widely detected in biota, there currently are few standardized detection and identification methods. The present study developed a novel one-step digestion method which was evaluated with mussel and fish samples. This method employed nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (HNO3:H2O2 = 4:1 by volume) as digestion reagents, which completely digested biota samples &lt;5 g weight within 30 min at 50 °C. A density separation step was subsequently used to remove organic residues as necessary. The efficiency and suitability of this method were tested by spiking microplastics of 7 different types and of various sizes (1000, 900, 675, 300, 250, and 150 μm) into mussel and gastrointestinal tracts of fish. The recoveries of microplastics ranged from 90 to 100%. No significant changes in weight, surface area, and particle size (t test, p &gt; 0.05) were observed for all tested polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectral analyses demonstrated that the method did not degrade any of the polymers except for polyethylene terephthalate. The method was demonstrated with mussel and fish samples collected from the Pearl River delta, south China, and was able to recover microplastics effectively. Overall, the present method is time-saving and easy to operate, with low procedural cross-contamination. The properties of microplastics recovered by the present method remained largely intact, greatly benefiting subsequent qualitative and quantitative analyses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1400–1408. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
Development and validation of an efficient method for processing microplastics in biota samples
Effects of 2 Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Blood Cell Profiles and Corticosterone Concentrations of Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus)
Authors: Gavel Melody J. , Richardson Sarah D. , Dalton Rebecca L. , Soos Catherine , Ashby Brendan , McPhee Landon , Forbes Mark R. , Robinson Stacey A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides that are detectable in agricultural waterways. These insecticides are of concern due to their potential impacts on nontarget organisms. Pesticides can affect development of amphibians and suppress the immune system, which could impact disease susceptibility and tolerance. No previous studies on amphibians have examined the effects of these insecticides on differential blood cell proportions or concentrations of corticosterone (a general stress hormone). We investigated the effects of chronic exposure to 2 neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam and clothianidin, on immunometrics of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). Frogs were exposed to single, chronic treatments of 2.5 or 250 µg/L of clothianidin or thiamethoxam for 7 wk from Gosner stages 25 to 46. The juvenile frogs were then maintained for 3 wk post metamorphosis without exposure to neonicotinoids. We measured water-borne corticosterone twice: at 6 d and 8 wk after exposure in larval and juvenile frogs, respectively. We assessed differential blood cell profiles from juvenile frogs. Corticosterone was significantly lower in tadpoles exposed to 250 µg/L of thiamethoxam compared with other tadpole treatments, but no significant differences in corticosterone concentrations were found in treatments using juvenile frogs. Anemia was detected in all treatments compared with controls with the exception of tadpoles exposed to 2.5 µg/L of clothianidin. Neutrophil-to-leukocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were elevated in frogs exposed to 250 µg/L of thiamethoxam. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic exposure to neonicotinoids has varied impacts on blood cell profiles and corticosterone concentrations of developing wood frogs, which are indicative of stress. Future studies should investigate whether exposure to neonicotinoids increases susceptibility to infection by parasites in both larval and adult wood frogs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1273–1284. © 2019 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Enhancing the security of a cloud‐based smart grid AMI network by leveraging on the features of quantum key distribution
Authors: Diovu R.C. , Agee J.T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the last decade, there have been many research proposals on the potentials of incorporating cloud computing technology to the electrical power grid as it evolves rapidly to the smart grid. The advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is one domain of the smart grid that can be greatly impacted by cloud computing technology with regards to an improved capability for data storage and computations, which will be a serious burden to the AMI in an evolved smart grid environment. In our previous study, a cloud‐based OpenFlow firewall for the mitigation of distributed denial‐of‐service attacks in a smart grid AMI (SG AMI) was proposed. In that study, it was clearly demonstrated that cloud computing technology, in addition to improving the storage and computation capability of the AMI, can also be leveraged on to enhance the security of the SG AMI in an attack scenario. In this study, we propose a cloud‐based SG AMI system model utilizing quantum key distribution (QKD) cryptography for enhancing the security of a cloud‐based SG AMI. The proposed model has been designed to complement the security features of the previously designed OpenFlow firewall to guarantee not only the availability but also the confidentiality and integrity of data traversing the AMI network and beyond. The analysis on computation and communication costs shows that the protocols utilized in the proposed system model are lightweight protocols. In addition, results from the simulation of the QKD (BB84) protocol show that QKD can be leveraged on to provide information theoretic security for the cloud‐based SG AMI.
A rate‐maximizing spectrum sharing algorithm for cognitive radio networks with generic resource constraints
Authors: Halloush Rami , Halloush Mohammed , Almalkawi Islam , Musa Ahmed , Bany Salameh Haythem 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlgorithms for spectrum sharing over resource‐limited cognitive radio networks are often designed to solve specific problems. This means that a certain algorithm deals specifically with a certain limited resource, and is not suitable for other resources. This limitation violates the software‐defined networking philosophy, where a scheme has to be reprogrammable to cope with different limited resources that can dynamically arise depending on network conditions. In this work, we investigate the problem of spectrum sharing in resource‐limited cognitive radio networks. Specifically, we introduce a novel spectrum sharing algorithm that is compatible with software‐defined networks, in the sense that it can be reprogrammed to support multiple constraints on resources of different types. A main feature of the proposed scheme is that computations could be distributed across multiple processing units to reduce computational complexity on each unit. In addition, the proposed algorithm is equipped with a fairness scheme. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Prevalence and severity of symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Durcan Rory , Donaghy Paul C. , Barnett Nicky A. , Olsen Kirsty , Yarnall Alison J. , Taylor John‐Paul , McKeith Ian , O'Brien John T. , Thomas Alan J. 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionLewy body disease is postulated, by the Braak model, to originate in the enteric nervous system, before spreading to the central nervous system. Therefore, a high prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms would be expected in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and be highest in those with a dopaminergic deficit on imaging. The aim of this study was to explore whether gastroparesis symptoms are an early diagnostic marker of prodromal DLB and explore the relationship between symptoms and dopaminergic imaging findings on FP‐CIT SPECT.MethodsWe recruited 75 patients over 60 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 48 with MCI with suspected Lewy body disease (MCI‐LB) and 27 with MCI with suspected Alzheimer's disease (MCI‐AD). All patients completed the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GSCI) questionnaire and also underwent FP‐CIT [123I‐N‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)] dopaminergic imaging.ResultsAt least one symptom suggestive of gastroparesis was reported in 48% (n = 23) MCI‐LB vs 37% MCI‐AD (n = 10) (P = 0.36). Rates of definite symptoms of gastroparesis, as defined by a GCSI total score ≥ 1.90, were rare and rates in MCI‐LB were not different from MCI‐AD (6% vs 0%, p = 0.55). After adjusting for gender differences between groups, no difference in gastroparesis symptom prevalence (2.27 vs 0.81 P = 0.05) or severity score (0.62 vs 0.28, p = 0.28) was noted between normally and abnormally visually rated FP‐CIT SPECT scans.ConclusionThe GCSI is not a useful tool for differentiating MCI‐LB from MCI‐AD. A low rate of definite gastroparesis was detected in prodromal DLB. No association was found between gastroparesis symptoms and FP‐CIT SPECT findings.
Predicting admission to long‐term care and mortality among community‐based, dependent older people in Ireland
Authors: Aspell Niamh , O'Sullivan Maria , O'Shea Eamon , Irving Kate , Duffy Chloe , Gorman Rebecca , Warters Austin 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo identify factors that predict admission to long‐term care (LTC) and mortality among community‐based, dependent older people in Ireland, who were in receipt of formal home support.MethodsAn audit was conducted of all community‐dwelling older adults receiving government funded home support during 2017 in the Dublin North Central, Health Service Executive administrative area. Data were extracted from the Common Summary Assessment Report (CSAR), a mandatory form used in the provision of home support. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with admission to LTC and mortality, with the results presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe audit comprised 1597 community‐dwelling older adults with a mean age of 83.3 (SD: 7.2) years. The prevalence of transition to LTC and mortality was 8% and 9%, respectively, during the 12‐month period. Factors significantly associated with admission to LTC were “cognitive dysfunction” [OR 2.10 (1.41‐3.14), P < .001] and the intensity of home support [OR 1.05 (1.01‐1.06), P < .003], as measured by weekly formal care hours. Physical dependency and advanced age (aged 95 years +) were significantly associated with mortality in this population (P < .001).Conclusion“Cognitive dysfunction” and intensity of formal home support were associated with transition to LTC, while physical dependency and advanced age were associated with mortality. Investment in personalised, cognitive‐specific, services and supports are necessary to keep people with dementia and related cognitive impairments living at home for longer.