bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient construction and enriched selective adsorption‐photocatalytic activity of PVA/PANI/TiO2recyclable hydrogel by electron beam radiation
Authors: Song Xiao‐Fang , Qin Jiang‐Tao , Li Ting‐Ting , Liu Guo , Xia Xiang‐Xiang , Li Yue‐Sheng , Liu Yi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTEnriched selective adsorption‐photocatalytic activity of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Polyaniline/TiO2(PVA/PANI/TiO2, noted as PAT) recyclable hydrogel photocatalyst with 3D structures were prepared by self‐assembling and electron beam radiation crosslingking method. TiO2nanoparticles were successfully introduced into the 3D matrix of the PVA/PANI hydrogel and manifested by FTIR, TG, XRD, XPS, and SEM‐EDS. The microstructure of PAT was characterized further by SEM, TEM, and BET. The highly selective adsorption‐photocatalytic activity of PAT was tested by the degradation of cationic or anionic dye and reduction of heavy metal ion in a closed and flow system under UV light irradiation. The results showed that PAT had a highest selective adsorption‐photocatalytic performance at the appropriate content of PVA (10 wt %), TiO2(15 wt %) and suitable radiation dose (50 kGy), which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of excellent selective adsorption and effective photocatalytic degradation. The mechanism of selective adsorption‐photocatalytic on PAT was revealed synchronously in this study. Particularly, the novel PAT photocatalyst with 3D network structure also affords ease of separation and recycling, which is beneficial to water purification in a flow system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48516.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofiber‐based piezoelectric nanogenerators using reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline
Authors: Ünsal Ömer Faruk , Altın Yasin , Çelik Bedeloğlu Ayşe 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTRecently, piezoelectric nanogenerators have received great interest as they can convert waste mechanical and radiative energy to electricity and can be used in self‐energy generating systems and sensor technologies. In this study, electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber‐based piezoelectric nanogenerators with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), polyaniline (PANI), and PANI‐functionalized rGO (rGOPANI) have been developed. Two different types of nanofiber mats were produced: First, rGO‐ and rGOPANI‐doped PVDF nanofiber mats and second, rGO, PANI and rGOPANI‐spray‐coated PVDF nanofiber mats that have worked as nanogenerators' electrodes. Then, characterizations of samples were performed in terms of piezoelectricity, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometric, X‐ray diffractions (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy analyses. FTIR and XRD results confirmed that piezoelectric β‐crystalline phase of PVDF occurred after the electrospinning process. Besides, maximum output voltages were obtained as 7.84 and 10.60 V for rGO‐doped PVDF and rGOPANI‐coated PVDF nanofiber mats, respectively. As a result, the doped nanofibers were found to be more successful due to the higher device accuracy in sensor technologies compared with spray‐coated samples. However, spray‐coating method proved to be more suitable technique for the production of nanogenerators on an industrial scale in terms of fast and large‐scale applicability. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48517.
Tailoring properties and processing of Sylgard 184: Curing time, adhesion, and water affinity
Authors: Murphy Eamonn C. , Dumont Joseph H. , Park Chi Hoon , Kestell Gayle , Lee Kwan‐Soo , Labouriau Andrea 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe curing time, surface adhesion, and water absorption characteristics of Sylgard 184 were modified through the addition of catalysts and fillers. Incorporation of small amounts of a platinum‐based Karstedt catalyst greatly decreased curing time at room temperature, whereas the addition of talcum powder (talc), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and NaY zeolite fillers changed surface adhesion and functionality of Sylgard 184. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), rheological and mechanical tests (tensile strength and hardness) were used to quantify the acceleration in the curing time. The surface adhesion was evaluated for aluminum and glass‐like substrates using a 90° peel‐off test. The interaction between fillers and Sylgard was studied by molecular dynamics simulations, which showed the interaction between NaY and Sylgard is greater than that for PTFE. Water absorption studies indicated that 10 wt% NaY added to Sylgard 184 helped to improve water absorption, whereas incorporation of talc had the opposite effect. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48530.
Effect of various fibers on the ablation resistance of poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) elastomer
Authors: Sun He , Yang Yusheng , Ge Xin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(diaryloxyphosphazene) elastomer (PDPP) is an alternative and promising thermal insulation material to protect the combustion chamber of solid rocket motors. The hybrid inorganic–organic macromolecule with the backbone of alternating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms has good thermal stability and compatibility for inorganic and organic fillers. This article focused on the effect of inorganic and organic fibers on the ablation resistance of PDPP at slow and fast pyrolysis, which was performed by thermogravimetric analysis and oxyacetylene ablation. Two inorganic fibers (alumina and mullite) and two organic fibers (polyimide and phenolic) were introduced into PDPP elastomer. During the process of slow pyrolysis, two inorganic fibers provided higher char yields due to their higher thermal stability. However,SiC in situformed on the surface of organic fibers effectively improved the ablation resistance of the composites under the process of fast pyrolysis according to the micromorphology and structure analyses of charred layers. In addition, terminal groups of organic fibers affected thein situformation ofSiC. The phenolic/PDPP composite have a better ablation resistance than the other three composites at fast pyrolysis, owing to morein situformedSiCon its surface and its higher decomposition activation energy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48534.
Fullerene polymer film as a highly efficient photocatalyst for selective solar fuel production from CO2
Authors: Yadav Dolly , Yadav Rajesh K. , Kumar Abhishek , Park No‐Joong , Kim Jae Young , Baeg Jin‐Ook 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTC60‐based polymeric systems have been constantly anticipated for sustainable solar energy conversion. Reported, herein is a C60 polymer film as visible light active photocatalyst for efficient and selective reduction of CO2 for the first time. The C60 polymer photocatalyst is synthesized via covalent coupling of C60 monomer units consisting of tetra substituted C60‐pyrene conjugates through spacer groups. The synthesized C60 polymer photocatalyst possesses an extended network of well‐defined repeating monomer units with good stability and visible light‐induced photocatalytic activity. The enhanced visible light harvesting ability of C60 polymer photocatalyst reasonably yields it with higher catalytic ability than its monomer unit. The C60 polymer film photocatalyst upon coupling with the biocatalyst carries out highly selective visible light driven reduction of CO2 to HCOOH (239.46 μmol). The tandem way of incorporating C60 into visible light active polymeric films for continuous use may be highly rewarding for their extended photocatalytic activity for solar fuel production from CO2. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48536.
High‐value use of lignocellulosic‐rich eucommia residue for promoting mechanical properties and flame retardancy of poly(butylene succinate)
Authors: Wang Yuhuan , Yue Junfeng , Xie Rong , Liu Changhua , Gan Lin , Huang Jin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCellulose‐ and lignin‐based fillers can significantly enhance the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of biomass polyesters, whereas complicated and high‐cost processes may be necessary for the extraction. Thus, we explored the direct use of eucommia residues (ERs), a plantation waste containing rich lignocellulosic substances (ca. 18% cellulose, 13% hemicellulose, and 35% lignin), to reinforce polyesters and improve their flame retardancy. With poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as the polyester matrix, the ER could enhance the tensile and flexural modulus of polyester‐based composite by 87 and 72%, respectively, via a facile melt‐mixing method with 30 wt % ER. Such enhancements, accompanying cost reduction, came from the cellulose crystallinity and rigid chemical structure of lignin, along with the strong interaction between ER and PBS. Besides, the carbon residue of PBS/ER composites in the flame‐retardant study could maximally increase by 508%, benefited from the immense hex‐carbon rings of cellulose and lignin in ERs. The ER also reduced the peak heat release rate and total heat release of PBS by 43 and 20%, respectively. This work reduces the pressure from waste treatment, promotes the high‐value application of plantation lignocellulosic‐rich wastes in package plastics and membranes, and supports sustainable material development based on biomass multicomponents resources. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48543.
What Makes the Kidney Susceptible to Hypoxia?
Authors: Evans Roger G. , Smith David W. , Lee Chang‐Joon , Ngo Jennifer P. , Gardiner Bruce S. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPer gram of tissue, the kidneys are among our most highly perfused organs. Yet the renal cortex and, in particular, the renal medulla are susceptible to hypoxia. In turn, hypoxia is a major pathophysiological feature of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. We identify seven factors that render the kidney susceptible to hypoxia: (1) the large metabolic demand imposed by active reabsorption of sodium; (2) limitations on oxygen delivery to cortical tissue imposed by the density of peritubular capillaries; (3) the poor capacity for angiogenesis in the adult kidney; (4) the limited ability of the renal vasculature to dilate in response to hypoxia; (5) diffusive oxygen shunting between arteries and veins in the cortex and descending and ascending vasa recta in the medulla; (6) the physiological requirement for low medullary blood flow to facilitate urinary concentration; and (7) the topography of vascular‐tubular arrangements in the outer medulla that limit oxygen delivery to the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Recent collaborative efforts between anatomists, physiologists, and mathematicians have improved our understanding of the roles of these factors in both physiological regulation of intrarenal oxygenation and development of renal hypoxia under pathophysiological conditions. We are also better able to understand these apparent maladaptations in the context of evolution. That is, they can be explained by the combined effects of historical contingency (our ancestral life in the sea) and selection pressures imposed by the multiple functions of the kidney to regulate extracellular fluid volume, retain water, and control erythrocyte production.
Ganzheitlicher Feuerwiderstand für Konstruktionen in Holzbauweise
Authors: Suttner Elisabeth , Rauch Michael , Werther Norman , Winter Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAbhängig von der Gebäudeklasse und der Funktion der Bauteile müssen die Anforderungen der gültigen Landesbauordnungen hinsichtlich des Feuerwiderstands nachgewiesen werden. Mit der bauordnungsrechtlichen Legitimation, mehrgeschossige Gebäude bis zur Hochhausgrenze auch in Holzbauweise zu errichten, stellt sich zusehends die Herausforderung, adäquate Nachweise zum baurechtlich geforderten Feuerwiderstand bereitzustellen. Neben flächigen Bauteilen ist hierbei ebenso der Einfluss von Elementfugen, Bauteilfugen sowie Durchdringungen haustechnischer Installationen durch Bauteile mit Anforderungen an den Feuerwiderstand zu bewerten. Im Hinblick auf Holzkonstruktionen liegen hierfür gegenwärtig nur begrenzte Möglichkeiten zum Nachweis entsprechender Anforderungen vor.Die nachfolgende Abhandlung beschreibt bestehende sowie neue Nachweismethoden für den Feuerwiderstand von Holzmassiv‐ und Holztafelbaukonstruktionen bis zu einem Feuerwiderstand von 90 min. Hierbei wird besonders auf die Anwendung biogener Baustoffe und deren Beitrag zum Feuerwiderstand eingegangen. Ergänzend hierzu wird der aktuelle Stand zur Ausführung brandschutztechnisch sicherer Anschlüsse und Elementfugen, die analog zum flächigen Bauteil eine Ausbreitung von Feuer und Rauch behindern müssen, aufgezeigt. Des Weiteren werden relevante Konstruktionsgrundsätze für den Umgang mit haustechnischen Durchdringungen durch Holzbauteile zusammengestellt. Anhand des Bauteil‐ und Konstruktionskatalogs dataholz.eu wird die praxisbezogene Umsetzung und Verwendbarkeit dieser Erkenntnisse dargestellt.
Fetal sex discordance between noninvasive prenatal screening results and sonography: A single institution's experience and review of the literature
Authors: Sylvester‐Armstrong Kendra R. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Shoraka Massoud , Hendrickson Jill E. , Abu‐Rustum Reem S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing availability of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) and high‐resolution ultrasound, more cases of sex discordance are being identified in routine clinical practice. This can be a source of much concern for families and clinicians. Knowledge about the limitations of NIPS and reasons for discordant results are critical for counseling parents.AimsHere, we present three cases from a single tertiary care referral center. We also review the literature to address potential limitations of NIPS in correctly identifying fetal sex chromosomes.Materials and MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, cases of discordant fetal sex were identified using ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes. In addition, departmental counseling database and cytogenetics laboratory logbooks were reviewed.ResultsIn our first case, a 37‐year‐old G4 P2012 underwent NIPS at 11 weeks gestation and Monosomy X (associated with Turner syndrome) was identified. Morphological sonographic assessment at 20 weeks gestation was consistent with a female fetus following an amniocentesis at 16 weeks that revealed normal 46, XX karyotype. During the third trimester, the patient was diagnosed with Stage IV invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Postnatal follow‐up of the neonate was consistent with a phenotypic female. In the second case, a 22‐year‐old G2 P1001 obese female underwent NIPS at 14 weeks gestation and normal 46, XY karyotype was identified. Morphological sonographic assessment at 20 weeks was not consistent with a male fetus. The patient declined invasive testing. Postnatally, the karyotype was 46, XX and the neonate was phenotypically female. The reason for the discordant results was not identified. In the third case, a 25‐year‐old G1 P0 obese female underwent NIPS at 13 weeks gestation and normal 46, XY karyotype was identified. Morphological sonographic assessment at 20 weeks was indeterminate; however, follow‐up at 24 weeks was consistent with a female fetus. The patient declined invasive prenatal testing. Postnatally, the karyotype was 46, XX, and the neonate was phenotypically female with uterus present on ultrasound. The reason for the discordant results was not identified.DiscussionOur cases demonstrate possible limitations of NIPS in correctly identifying sex chromosomes.ConclusionsProviders and patients need to be aware of these limitations, and invasive diagnostic prenatal testing should be offered in cases of discordance between NIPS and sonographic sex assessment.
A systematic review on the mechanisms of vitamin K effects on the complications of diabetes and pre‐diabetes
Authors: Karamzad Nahid , Maleki Vahid , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin , Azizi Samaneh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Gargari Bahram Pourghassem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes are prevalent endocrine disorders associated with substantial morbidity and premature mortality. Vitamin K is known to have several beneficial effects on complications of diabetes and pre‐diabetes. However, systematic consolidation of evidence is required to quantify these effects in order to inform clinical practice and research. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases was undertaken from database inception up to October 2018 to evaluate functional roles of different forms of vitamin K on diabetes and pre‐diabetes. From 3,734 identified records, nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Vitamin K supplementation was found to be associated with significant reductions in blood glucose (six studies), increased fasting serum insulin (four studies), reduced hemoglobin A1c (three studies), reduced homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR) (two studies), and increased ß‐cell function (two studies) in diabetic animal studies. Following 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test, vitamin K supplementation was observed to be effective in reducing blood glucose and insulin levels in the pre‐diabetic population. However, no evidence of effect was observed for fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA‐IR, and homeostatic model assessment‐β‐cell function index (two studies). A statistically significant effect was also noted with vitamin K in improving dyslipidemia (three studies) as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (five studies) in diabetic animals. In conclusion, clinical trials and animal studies confirm that vitamin K supplementation may improve both clinical features and complications of diabetes and pre‐diabetes. However, quantification of clinical efficacy in the pre‐diabetic population and among individuals with comorbidities requires further investigation.
Aberrant patterns of default‐mode network functional connectivity associated with metabolic syndrome: A resting‐state study
Authors: Rashid Barnaly , Dev Sheena I. , Esterman Michael , Schwarz Nicolette F. , Ferland Tori , Fortenbaugh Francesca C. , Milberg William P. , McGlinchey Regina E. , Salat David H. , Leritz Elizabeth C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of three or more cardiovascular risk factors (RF), including hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, or hyperglycemia. MetS and its component RFs are more prevalent in older age, and can be accompanied by alterations in brain structure. Studies have shown altered functional connectivity (FC) in samples with individual RFs as well as in clinical populations that are at higher risk to develop MetS. These studies have indicated that the default mode network (DMN) may be particularly vulnerable, yet little is known about the overall impact of MetS on FC in this network.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the integrity of FC to the DMN in participants with MetS relative to non‐MetS individuals. Using a seed‐based connectivity analysis approach, resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) data were analyzed, and the FC measures among the DMN seed (isthmus of the cingulate) and rest of the brain voxels were estimated.ResultsParticipants with MetS demonstrated reduced positive connectivity between the DMN seed and left superior frontal regions, and reduced negative connectivity between the DMN seed and left superior parietal, left postcentral, right precentral, right superior temporal and right superior parietal regions, after accounting for age‐ and sex‐effects.ConclusionsOur results suggest that MetS is associated with alterations in FC between the DMN and other regions of the brain. Furthermore, these results indicate that the overall burden of vascular RFs associated with MetS may, in part, contribute to the pathophysiology underlying aberrant FC in the DMN.
Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue?
Authors: Calabrò Rocco S. , Cacciola Alberto , Bruschetta Daniele , Milardi Demetrio , Quattrini Fabrizio , Sciarrone Francesca , la Rosa Gianluca , Bramanti Placido , Anastasi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionSexual desire, arousal, and orgasm are mediated by complex, yet still not fully understood, interactions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems operating at the central and peripheral levels. Disruption of endocrine, neural, or vascular response, caused by aging, medical illness, neurological diseases, surgery, or drugs, can lead to sexual dysfunctions, thus significantly affecting patients' quality of life.PurposeThis narrative review aims at characterizing the involvement of the central nervous system in human sexual behavior.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed in its entirety up to June 2018, analyzing the studies dealing with the neurobiological and neurophysiological basis of human sexuality.ResultsSexual behavior is regulated by both subcortical structures, such as the hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord, and several cortical brain areas acting as an orchestra to finely adjust this primitive, complex, and versatile behavior. At the central level, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems appear to play a significant role in various factors of sexual response, although adrenergic, cholinergic, and other neuropeptide transmitter systems may contribute as well.ConclusionsProviding healthcare professionals with information concerning sexual behavior may overcome useless and sometimes dangerous barriers and improve patient management, since sexual well‐being is considered one of the most important aspects of one's quality of life.
Monocyte/lymphocyte ratio is associated with carotid stenosis in ischemic stroke: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Zuo Bo , Zhu Sha , Meng Xue , Zhao Danhua , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCarotid artery stenosis, mainly caused by carotid atherosclerosis, is related to ischemic stroke. This study was to investigate whether monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was associated with increased severity of carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsA total of 395 participants with ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed. The severity of carotid stenosis was evaluated by ultrasound examination. Patients were divided into two groups: nonsevere stenosis group and severe stenosis group. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to evaluate risk factors.ResultsA significant correlation was found between MLR and the severity of carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke. MLR was the independent risk factor of carotid stenosis (OR: 9.74, 95% CI: 1.16–81.54). In the ROC curves analysis, a cutoff value of 0.20 for MLR predicted the severity of carotid stenosis with a sensitivity of 80.40% and specificity of 26.40% (ROC area under the curve: 0.598, 95% CI: 0.53–0.67, p = .004).ConclusionMonocyte/lymphocyte ratio plays important roles in carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke and is an independent risk factor of the severity of carotid stenosis. Therefore, MLR might be considered a potential index in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke.