bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matching habitat choice and plasticity contribute to phenotype–environment covariation in a stream salamander
Authors: Lowe Winsor H. , Addis Brett R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPopulations optimize the match of phenotype to environment by localized natural selection, adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and habitat choice. Habitat choice may also be achieved by several mechanisms, including matching habitat choice, where individuals distribute themselves based on self‐assessment of the phenotype–environment match. Matching habitat choice is a relatively untested concept, but one that could advance our understanding of the interplay of movement ecology and intraspecific phenotypic variation. Morphology of the salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus differs in riffles and pools, the dominant habitats in headwater streams where this species occurs. Specifically, individuals found in riffles have shorter limbs than those found in pools. Here, we used 4 yr of spatially explicit capture–mark–recapture data from three streams to test the contributions of phenotypic plasticity and matching habitat choice to this phenotype–environment covariation. We quantified morphological variation in G. porphyriticus with size‐corrected principal component (PC) scores and assessed phenotype–environment match based on the difference between habitats in these PC scores. We found that both phenotypic plasticity and matching habitat choice contribute to phenotype–environment covariation in G. porphyriticus. The phenotypes of individuals that switched habitats (i.e., riffle→pool, pool→riffle) changed to become better matched to the recipient habitat, indicating a plastic response to local habitat conditions. Consistent with matching habitat choice, individuals were also more likely to switch habitats if their initial phenotype was a better match to the alternative habitat, independent of subsequent changes in morphology due to plasticity. Realized performance, survival adjusted for the likelihood of remaining in each habitat, was higher in individuals with phenotypes matched to each habitat than in those with mismatched phenotypes, but performance was generally lower in riffles than pools, suggesting that other factors influence the use of riffles. Our results underscore the value of considering how matching habitat choice interacts with other mechanisms that allow organisms to maximize performance when faced with environmental heterogeneity. More broadly, our study shows that it is important to account for movement in any study of the causes or consequences of intraspecific trait variation, a challenge that may require novel research approaches and experimental designs.
Exotic plant species are locally adapted but not to high ultraviolet‐B radiation: a reciprocal multispecies experiment
Authors: Hock Maria , Hofmann Rainer W. , Müller Caroline , Erfmeier Alexandra 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation intensities differ among global regions, with significantly higher levels in the southern hemisphere. UV‐B may act as an environmental filter during plant invasions, which might particularly apply to plant species from Europe introduced to New Zealand. Just like for any other abiotic or biotic filter, successful invaders can cope with novel environmental conditions via plastic responses and/or through rapid adaptation by natural selection in the exotic range. We conducted a multispecies experiment with herbaceous plants in two common gardens located in the species’ native and exotic ranges, in Germany and New Zealand, respectively. We used plants of German and New Zealand origin of eight species to test for adaptation to higher UV‐B radiation in their new range. In each common garden, all plants were exposed to three radiation treatments: (1) ambient sunlight, (2) exclusion of UV‐B while transmitting ambient UV‐A, and (3) combined exclusion of UV‐B and UV‐A. Linear mixed‐effect models revealed significant effects of UV‐B on growth and leaf traits and an indication for UV‐B‐induced biomass reduction in both common gardens pointing to an impact of natural, ambient UV radiation intensities experienced by plants in the northern and in the southern hemisphere. In both common gardens, the respective local plants (i.e., German origins in Germany, New Zealand origins in New Zealand) displayed enhanced productivity and aboveground biomass allocation, thus providing evidence for recent evolutionary processes in the exotic range. Genetic differentiation between different origins in consequence of divergent local selection pressures was found for specific leaf area. This differentiation particularly hints at different selective forces in both ranges while only little evidence was found for an immediate selective effect of high UV‐B intensities in the exotic range. However, reaction norm slopes across ranges revealed higher plasticity of exotic individuals in functional leaf traits that might allow for a more sensitive regulation of photoprotection measures in response to UV‐B. During the colonization, New Zealand populations might have been selected for the observed higher phenotypic plasticity and a consequently increased ability to successfully spread in the exotic range.
“Sad day for the UK”: The linking of debates about settling refugee children in the UK with Brexit on an anti‐immigrant news website
Authors: Goodman Simon , Narang Amrita 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article uniquely demonstrates how UK debates about supporting child refugees during the “refugee crisis” came to be used as support for leaving the European Union (EU). The research question “how did users of a news website respond to a report about the UK government's decision to allow child refugees into the UK?” is addressed with a rigorous discursive analysis of an internet discussion forum on the anti‐immigrant website MailOnline consisting of 2,014 unique posts, with a reach of 30 million viewers. Analysis demonstrated that (1) child refugees were presented as adults, (2) allowing in refugees was presented as a “burden” on taxpayers, (3) the decision was presented as opposed to the public's will, and (4) this was used as a warrant for leaving the EU. The significant implication of this analysis is that political attempts at associating the refugee crisis with the EU may have been successful in this context.
Information content of DSGE forecasts
Authors: Fair Ray C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the question whether information is contained in forecasts from dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models beyond that contained in lagged values, which are extensively used in the models. Four sets of forecasts are examined. The results are encouraging for DSGE forecasts of real GDP. The results suggest that there is information in the DSGE forecasts not contained in forecasts based only on lagged values, and that there is no information in the lagged‐value forecasts not contained in the DSGE forecasts. The opposite is true for forecasts of the GDP deflator.
Update in the classification and the role of intra‐arterial stenting in the management of carotid body paragangliomas
Authors: Prasad Sampath Chandra , Laus Melissa , Al‐Ghamdi Saeed , Vashishth Ashish , Piazza Paolo , Sanna Mario 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo review the Shamblin classification of carotid body paragangliomas (CBPs) and the role of intra‐arterial stenting in their surgical management.MethodsRetrospective case series of 20 patients with 28 CBPs that were surgically resected at our center. Intra‐arterial stenting was performed in Shamblin II and II classes.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 47.8 months. Five (17.9%) tumors were Shamblin class I, 15 (53.6%) were class II, and 8 (28.6%) were class III. Thirteen (68.4%) CBPs were associated with other paragangliomas. The internal carotid artery (ICA) was stented preoperatively in eight (28.6%) cases and occluded in four (14.3%) cases. The tumor extended to the jugular foramen in six cases (21.4%). Intraoperatively, there was an ICA injury in one case of Shamblin II CBP in the present era.ConclusionsThe proposed classification enables the clinician to plan the management of the ICA and the right approach. Stenting of the ICA gives a chance for complete tumor removal with arterial preservation.
“Cold turkey” or pharmacotherapy: Examination of tobacco cessation methods tried among smokers prior to developing head and neck cancer
Authors: Khariwala Samir S. , Rubin Nathan , Stepanov Irina , Nollen Nicole , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Nelson Heather H. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTobacco cessation methods employed by patients with head and neck cancer (HNSCC) are previously unstudied and have the potential to inform choice of cessation method and necessary abstinence support.MethodsA total of 130 current smokers with HNSCC were queried regarding prior unsuccessful tobacco cessation techniques, product used (cold turkey, varenicline, and nicotine patch/gum), and maximum time abstained from smoking.ResultsOne hundred six smokers retrospectively reported using one of the four main quit methods. Unassisted cessation (“cold turkey”) was the most commonly used method (P < .001). A multiple ordinal logistic general estimating equation analysis revealed that cold turkey had increased odds [5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 11.8) and 4.3 (95% CI: 1.5, 12.9)] of achieving a longer quit duration than the nicotine patch or varenicline, respectively.ConclusionsAmong smokers developing HNSCC, previous cessation attempts were most commonly unassisted. This method was associated with longest abstinence periods. These data suggest insufficient support and education regarding behavioral and pharmacologic cessation therapies.
MicroRNA‐3191 promotes migration and invasion by downregulating TGFBR2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: He Hongjuan , Zhao Xiaojuan , Zhu Ziqing , Du Le , Chen Erfei , Liu Shuzhen , Li Qiqi , Dong Jing , Yang Jin , Lei Lei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMutations in transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFBR2) are detected in up to 30% of overall colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysregulation of some microRNAs participated in the CRC pathogenesis. In this study, we used the gene ontology analyses, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses and gene set enrichment analysis to indicate that miR‐3191 was involved in the regulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐BETA) signal pathway in CRC. These bioinformatics results were supported by data obtained from CRC samples and experiments in vitro. The luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm that miR‐3191 modulates TGF‐BETA signal pathway by targeting TGFBR2. By transwell migration and invasion assays, we showed that miR‐3191 promoted CRC cell migration and invasion by downregulating TGFBR2. And it may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CRC patients.
In vitro and histological investigation of antitumor effect of some triazole compounds in colon cancer cell line
Authors: Parlak Akif Evren , Tekin Suat , Karatepe Arzu , Koparir Pelin , Telceken Hafize , Ceribası Ali Osman , Karatepe Mustafa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract1,2,4‐Triazoles are used as antifungal, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant against some oxidative radical species. Recently, many 1,2,4‐triazoles continue to be synthesized. In this study, the effect of the 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives on human colon cancer (HT29) was investigated in vitro and in vivo in rats. MTT test was applied to in in vitro experiments. For in vivo study, rats were divided into seven groups as follows: Control group (negative control), azoxymethane (AOM), AOM + cisplatin 15, AOM + L1, AOM + L2, AOM + L3, and AOM + L4. To create colon cancer, the AOM injection was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg, three times (once weekly). The in vivo studies were completed at 28 weeks. It was found that the 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives reduced the cell viability (P < 0.05). In all animals in the experimental groups, mild dysplasia was detected in 100% of the colon mucosal epithelium. Severe dysplasia and adenocarcinoma were observed in L1 groups. As a result, this study determined that the 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives exhibit antitumor activity.
The p35/CDK5 signaling is regulated by p75NTR in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Wang Hongmei , Shen Jiabing , Li Wanyan , Cao Maosheng , Hong Yao , Cao Maohong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, involves in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It has been previously demonstrated that phosphorylation of p35 is a crucial factor for fighting against the proapoptotic p25/CDK5 signaling in neuronal apoptosis. Then, in ICH models of rats and primary cortical neurons, we found that the expressions of p75NTR, p‐histone H1 (the kinase activity of CDK5), p25, Fas‐associated phosphatase‐1 (FAP‐1), and phosphorylated myocyte enhancer factor 2D (p‐MEF2D) were enhanced after ICH, whereas the expression of p35‐Thr(138) was attenuated. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated several interactions as follows: p35/p25 and CKD5, p75NTR and p35, as well as p75NTR and FAP‐1. After p75NTR or FAP‐1 depletion with double‐stranded RNA interference in PC12 cells, the levels of p25 and p‐histone H1 were attenuated, whereas p35‐Thr(138) was elevated. Considering p75NTR has no effect of dephosphorylation, our results suggested that p75NTR might promote the dephosphorylation of p35‐Thr(138) via interaction with FAP‐1, and the p75NTR/p35 complex upregulated p25/CDK5 signaling to facilitate the neuronal apoptosis following ICH. So, in the study, we aimed to provide a theoretical and experimental basis that p75NTR could be regulated to reduce neuronal apoptosis following ICH for potential clinical treatment.
Retracted: Ras‐PI3K‐AKT signaling promotes the occurrence and development of uveal melanoma by downregulating H3K56ac expression
Authors: Li Yaping , Sun Dajun , Sun Weixuan , Yin Dexin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundUveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignant tumor characterized by rapid progression and recurrence. The current conventional treatments are unsatisfactory. Histone acetylation at H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, whether H3K56ac prevents the occurrence and development of UM remains uninvestigated. The study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of H3K56ac on Ras‐PI3K‐AKT induced UM cells proliferation and migration.MethodsThe vectors of pEGFP‐RasWT, pEGFP‐K‐Ras
G12V/Y40C, and pEGFP‐N1 were transfected into MP46 cells, and protein levels of phosphorylated AKT
Ser473 and H3K56ac were examined using western blot analysis. The effect of H3K56ac on cell proliferation and migration were studied using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) downstream genes. Further, the regulatory effects of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog‐1 (SIRT1), general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) on Ras‐PI3K‐AKT affected H3K56ac expression were also investigated.ResultsH3K56ac expression was specifically downregulated by Ras‐PI3K‐AKT activation pathway. H3K56ac inhibited the tumorigenic effect of Ras‐PI3K‐AKT on MP46 cells viability, colony formation, and migration, as well as participated in regulating the transcription of PI3K/AKT downstream genes. SIRT1 silence recovered H3K56ac expression, and reversed the tumorigenic effect of Ras‐PI3K‐AKT activation on MP46 cells. Downregulation of H3K56ac induced by Ras‐PI3K‐AKT activation was found to be associated with MDM2‐mediated the degradation of GCN5.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that Ras‐PI3K‐AKT signaling promoted UM cells proliferation and migration via downregulation of H3K56ac expression, which might be related to MDM2‐mediated the degradation of GCN5.
Berberine as a potential autophagy modulator
Authors: Mohammadinejad Reza , Ahmadi Zahra , Tavakol Shima , Ashrafizadeh Milad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractToday, pharmacognosy is considered a valuable science in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Among herbals, Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in the Berberis species. Surprisingly, it shows antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, and anti‐inflammatory potential. Furthermore, it diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy and enhances tumor suppression in part through autophagy and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. In the present review, we discuss the effect of berberine on diverse cellular pathways and describe how berberine acts as an autophagy modulator to adjust physiologic and pathologic conditions and diminishes drug resistance in cancer therapy.
Curcumin prevents high glucose damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells through ERK1/2‐mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Bucolo Claudio , Drago Filippo , Maisto Rosa , Romano Giovanni Luca , D'Agata Velia , Maugeri Grazia , Giunta Salvatore 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo study the effects of curcumin on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to high glucose (HG) insult, we performed in vitro studies on RPE cells cultured both in normal and HG conditions to assess the effects of curcumin on the cell viability, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, HO‐1 activity, and ERK1/2 expression. RPE cells exposed to HG insult were treated with curcumin. The cell viability, apoptosis, HO‐1 activity, ERK, and Nrf2 expression were evaluated. The data indicated that treatment with curcumin caused a significant decrease in terms of apoptosis. Further, curcumin was able to induce HO‐1 expression via Nrf2 activation and counteracts the damage elicited by HG. The present study demonstrated that curcumin provides protection against HG‐induced damage in RPE cells through the activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling that involves the ERK pathway, suggesting that curcumin may have therapeutic value in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Ultrasonographic assessment of the maxillary artery and middle meningeal artery in the infratemporal fossa
Authors: Lepić Toplica , Lepić Milan , Mandić‐Rajčević Stefan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate with Doppler ultrasonography the maxillary and middle meningeal arteries in the infratemporal fossa, and describe their hemodynamic characteristics.MethodsWe included 24 female and 11 male volunteers without vascular diseases, with a median age of 43 years. We used the acoustic window, enlarged by subjects half‐opening their mouth, located below the zygomatic arch, in front of temporo‐mandibular joint, to reach the maxillary and middle meningeal arteries.ResultsIn the 35 subjects, 112 arteries were visualized successfully: 60 maxillary (85.7%), and 52 middle meningeal arteries (74.3%), at a depth of 2.40 and 2.50 cm, respectively. Their blood flow was directed anteriorly and away from the probe. While all the measured hemodynamic characteristics differed significantly between the maxillary and the middle meningeal artery (P < 0.001), there was no significant difference between male and female subjects, nor between the left or the right side.ConclusionsThe maxillary and middle meningeal arteries can be insonated in the infratemporal fossa through the easily accessible acoustic window below the zygomatic arch, when the patient holds his mouth half open. They can be differentiated by their ultrasonographic characteristics and blood flow features.
Comparison of the fragmentation behavior of DNA and LNA single strands and duplexes
Authors: Ickert Stefanie , Schwaar Timm , Springer Andreas , Grabarics Márkó , Riedel Jens , Beck Sebastian , Pagel Kevin , Linscheid Michael W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDNA and locked nucleic acid (LNA) were characterized as single strands, as well as double stranded DNA‐DNA duplexes and DNA‐LNA hybrids using tandem mass spectrometry with collision‐induced dissociation. Additionally, ion mobility spectrometry was carried out on selected species. Oligonucleotide duplexes of different sequences—bearing mismatch positions and abasic sites of complementary DNA 15‐mers—were investigated to unravel general trends in their stability in the gas phase. Single‐stranded LNA oligonucleotides were also investigated with respect to their gas phase behavior and fragmentation upon collision‐induced dissociation. In contrast to the collision‐induced dissociation of DNA, almost no base loss was observed for LNAs. Here, backbone cleavages were the dominant dissociation pathways. This finding was further underlined by the need for higher activation energies. Base losses from the LNA strand were also absent in fragmentation experiments of the investigated DNA‐LNA hybrid duplexes. While DNA‐DNA duplexes dissociated easily into single stranded fragments, the high stability of DNA‐LNA hybrids resulted in predominant fragmentation of the DNA part rather than the LNA, while base losses were only observed from the DNA single strand of the hybrid.
How is Contact Force implemented in routine clinical practice? Results from a French National and Monaco Survey
Authors: Bun Sok‐Sithikun , Lațcu Decebal Gabriel , Taghji Philippe , Anselme Frederic , Boveda Serge , Cebron Jean‐Pierre , Defaye Pascal , Deharo Jean‐Claude , Fauchier Laurent , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Gras Daniel , Klug Didier , Mansourati Jacques , Marijon Eloi , Maury Jean‐Philippe , Squara Fabien , Saoudi Nadir , Taïeb Jérôme 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCombination of elementary parameters (force, time, power, impedance drop) has been proposed to optimize radiofrequency (RF) delivery. They have been partially validated in clinical studies.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess contact‐force (CF) implementation into clinical practice.MethodsA 36‐question electronic form was sent to 105 electrophysiologists (EP) including some general questions concerning the practice of catheter atrial fibrillation ablation and items concerning the parameters used for CF‐guided ablation.ResultsAnswers from 98 EP were collected (93% response rate). The CF‐catheters used were Smart Touch, Biosense (52%), Tacticath, Saint‐Jude Medical (12%), or both (27%) and no CF (9%). The power applied on the left atrial (LA) anterior (LAAW) and posterior (LAPW) wall was, respectively, 26‐34 W (for 73% of the EP) and below 25 W (88% of the EP). Forty percent of the Visitag® users mostly used the nominal parameters. Seventy‐five percent of the users did not use automatic display of the impedance drop. For the Tacticath users, 57% used a target value of 400 gs on the LAAW and 300 to 400 gs on the LAPW. Lesion Size Index was exceptionally used.ConclusionsThe parameters used for CF‐guided ablation are widely variable among the different operators. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the targets for automatic annotation of the RF applications.