bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the intention–behavior gap among organic grocery customers: The crucial role of point‐of‐sale information
Authors: Frank Phillip , Brock Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough the interest in organic groceries has increased, actual buying behavior falls short for reasons that are mostly unknown to researchers and practitioners. This paper addresses this so‐called intention–behavior gap by investigating the impact of point‐of‐sale (POS) information on the perception of purchase barriers and behavior. While behavior and interest differ for various product categories, the organic groceries most frequently bought worldwide are differentiated on the basis of product category involvement in a pilot study. A laboratory experiment and a field experiment containing actual purchase behavior and market data revealed the possibility of enhancing organic purchases within low‐ and high‐involvement categories, while exposed to POS information. In low‐involvement product categories, POS information should reveal new product category‐specific organic features. In high‐involvement product categories, the perceived addition of value for money is crucial for purchasing organic groceries. While the effect of POS information on perceived trust and knowledge is higher for health conscious or green consumers in low‐involvement product categories, it is the converse in high‐involvement product categories.
The preference for scarcity: A developmental and comparative perspective
Authors: John Maria , Melis Alicia P. , Read Daniel , Rossano Federico , Tomasello Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman adults often show a preference for scarce over abundant goods. In this paper, we investigate whether this preference was shared by 4‐ and 6‐year‐old children as well as chimpanzees, humans’ nearest primate relative. Neither chimpanzees nor 4‐year‐olds displayed a scarcity preference, but 6‐year‐olds did, especially in the presence of competitors. We conclude that scarcity preference is a human‐unique preference that develops as humans increase their cognitive skills and social experiences with peers and competitors. We explore different potential psychological explanations for scarcity preference and conclude scarcity preference is based on children's fear of missing out an opportunity, especially when dealing with uncertainty or goods of unknown value in the presence of competitors. Furthermore, the results are in line with studies showing that supply‐based scarcity increases the desirability of hedonic goods, suggesting that even as early as 6 years of age humans may use scarce goods to feel unique or special.
High Fat Diet Dysregulates Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Axis Gene Expression Levels which are Differentially Rescued by EPA and DHA Ethyl Esters
Authors: Shaikh Saame Raza , Shaver Patti R. , Shewchuk Brian M. 
Published: May 2018

ScopeDietary fat composition can modulate gene expression in peripheral tissues in obesity. Observations of the dysregulation of growth hormone (GH) in obesity indicate that these effects extend to the hypothalamic‐pituitary (H‐P) axis. The authors thus determine whether specific high fat (HF) diets influence the levels of Gh and other key gene transcripts in the H‐P axis.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice are fed a lean control diet or a HF diet in the absence or presence of OA, EPA, or DHA ethyl esters. Comparative studies are conducted with menhaden fish oil. The HF diet lowered pituitary Gh mRNA and protein levels, and cell culture studies reveal that elevated insulin and glucose can reduce Gh transcripts. Supplementation of the HF diet with OA, EPA, DHA, or menhaden fish oil do not improve pituitary Gh levels. The HF diet also impaired the levels of additional genes in the pituitary and hypothalamus, which are selectively rescued with EPA or DHA ethyl esters. The effects of EPA and DHA are more robust relative to fish oil.ConclusionA HF diet can affect H‐P axis transcription, which can be mitigated in some genes by EPA and DHA, but not fish oil in most cases.
Broadband and wide beamwidth circularly polarized antenna based on CRLH‐TL for navigation terminal applications
Authors: Luo Xin‐Shuai , Weng Zi‐bin , Wang Lei , Wang Feng , Lin Chen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna with broadband and wide beamwidth for navigation terminal applications is presented in this article. A square patch with ring slots is adopted as radiator, which is fed by a Wilkinson power divider based on composite right‐/left‐handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL). The CP wave is produced by four linear polarized waves with equal amplitude but 90° phase shift. The proposed feeding network can provide stable phase shift in a wide bandwidth compared to the traditional power divider. Four Γ‐shaped parasitic branches are conducted to widen their 3 dB beamwidths which are raised to 100° at representative navigation frequencies. The size of the proposed antenna is 0.73λ0 × 0.73λ0 × 0.18λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength at center frequency in free space). The impedance bandwidth for VSWR < 2 is 83.61% and the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 69.76%. Good agreement between simulated and measured results over the interested frequency bands is observed.
Balanced and unbalanced diplexers design using substrate integrated waveguide cavities
Authors: Ho Min‐Hua , Mimsyad Muhammad , Chang Geng‐Gui , Hong Yi‐Hao , Li Jen‐Chih , Hsu Chung‐I G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe contribution of this article is to propose a balanced and unbalanced diplexers design using substrate integrated waveguide cavities (SIWCs). The employed SIWCs are square cavities which support two co‐frequency degenerate modes. A row of via‐holes is introduced inside the cavity to split the degenerate modes’ co‐frequency resonances into two frequency‐distinct ones, thus creating two duplexing bands with an auxiliary signal filtering effect. The fabricated diplexers performed quite well with measured and simulated results being in good agreement. The measured isolations between the two duplexing ports are more than 40 dB. Furthermore, the balanced SIWC diplexer has its measured common‐mode rejection levels >42 dB, and the measured common‐mode isolations between the two duplexing ports are >53 dB.
Design of a 220 GHz GaAs MHEMT push‐push VCO with low phase noise
Authors: Chen Huakang , Gao Bo , Gong Min , Lu Yuxi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a negative‐resistance‐type push‐push voltage‐controlled‐oscillator (VCO) is proposed using a 0.07μm InAlAs/InGaAs MHEMT technology with ft of 300 GHz and fmax of 400 GHz. The Common‐gate structure of two sub‐oscillators shows more strong instability and excellent phase noise performance comparing with common‐source structure. And a strong second harmonic signal achieved −3 dBm of output power and −106 dBc/Hz@1 MHz offset of Phase noise at 220 GHz is generated by directly drain‐connecting and extremely simplified Output matching structure.
Compact wideband dual circularly polarized L‐shaped slot antenna
Authors: Wei Chen , Zhou Min , Ding Kang , Yu Fa‐Xin , Mo Jiong‐Jiong , Zhao Xiao‐Long 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA wideband dual circularly polarized (CP) L‐shaped slot antenna with compact size is proposed. The antenna consists of an L‐shaped slot, two asymmetric microstrip feedlines and perturbed stub at the lower left corner of the slot. The initial L‐slot is used to obtain the first CP mode in lower band while the upper CP mode is realized by the orthogonal feedlines. Then, additional stub is also introduced to widen the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The proposed antenna with an area of 24 × 24 mm2 was fabricated and measured to demonstrate the final design. The L‐shaped slot antenna has a −10‐dB bandwidth of 97.9% (3.6‐10.5 GHz) and a 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 94.9%. In addition, the isolation is better than 12 dB within the CP band.
An arbitrary load selector with reconfigurable impedance matching for multiple antenna selection
Authors: Wei Kai , Lee Han Lim , Lee Moon‐Que 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this letter, an N‐way reconfigurable load selector for multiple antenna selection is presented based on switchable impedance matching network. The proposed structure is mainly configured by a 1:7 reconfigurable power divider as an arbitrary load selector and a switchable impedance matching circuitry. The arbitrary load selector has 1 input port and reconfigurable 7 output ports that any combination of output ports like single output or multiple outputs can be selected. Since the input impedance of load selector is varied according to the number of selected output ports, the reconfigurable impedance matching circuitry consisting of a reflection‐type phase shifter and a varactor diode compensates the impedance variation in different operation modes. The proposed structure was tested at 1.575 GHz for anti‐jamming controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) feed network where the reconfigurable impedance matching circuitry and switching elements were controlled by micro control unit. The experimental results showed that various path modes were selectable with return loss better than 25 dB and insertion loss <1.0 dB. Also, the magnitude variation in different mode was <0.6 dB.
Design of wide‐beam triple‐fed helical antennas employing simple and efficient feed networks for bandwidth improvement
Authors: Fartookzadeh Mahdi , Hossein Seyyed , Armaki Mohseni 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, a simple method for designing feed networks for wide‐beam multi‐fed helical antennas, suitable for satellite communications, is studied. Power division with similar phase differences for these antennas is obtained using serial feed network. The number of antenna arms is arbitrary, since the serial feed can be designed for any feasible number of outputs. Triple‐fed helical antenna is studied in this article, as an example. The proposed S band triple‐fed antenna benefits from 3 dB AR bandwidth of 24%. It has also low‐level reflection coefficients throughout the bandwidth.
Gain augmentation of a CPW fed printed miniature UWB antenna using frequency selective surface
Authors: Kundu Surajit 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA co‐planar waveguide fed compact ultra‐wideband antenna is proposed in this article. The antenna dimension is reduced from 25 × 15 × 0.8 to 17.5 × 14.5 × 0.8 mm3 by lateral half cut of the radiating element. This miniature antenna gives a wide impedance bandwidth from 6 to 20.9 GHz with gain variation of 2‐4 dBi, average radiation efficiency of 85% and monopole like E‐plane and omnidirectional H‐plane pattern as per the experimental study. More than 3 dBi gain enhancement is achieved by adding dual frequency selective surfaces of dimension 17.5 × 17.5 mm2 each at the back side of antenna. The proposed antenna with frequency selective surface package provides more radiation to the broadside direction and an efficiency of >75%, without affecting the impedance band. Linear antenna transfer function and non‐varying group delay response are also reported.
A face‐centred finite volume method for second‐order elliptic problems
Authors: Sevilla Ruben , Giacomini Matteo , Huerta Antonio 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis work proposes a novel finite volume paradigm, ie, the face‐centred finite volume (FCFV) method. Contrary to the popular vertex and cell‐centred finite volume methods, the novel FCFV defines the solution on the mesh faces (edges in two dimensions) to construct locally conservative numerical schemes. The idea of the FCFV method stems from a hybridisable discontinuous Galerkin formulation with constant degree of approximation, and thus inheriting the convergence properties of the classical hybridisable discontinuous Galerkin. The resulting FCFV features a global problem in terms of a piecewise constant function defined on the faces of the mesh. The solution and its gradient in each element are then recovered by solving a set of independent element‐by‐element problems. The mathematical formulation of FCFV for Poisson and Stokes equation is derived, and numerical evidence of optimal convergence in two dimensions and three dimensions is provided. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed methodology. The results show that, contrary to other finite volume methods, the accuracy of the FCFV method is not sensitive to mesh distortion and stretching. In addition, the FCFV method shows its better performance, accuracy, and robustness using simplicial elements, facilitating its application to problems involving complex geometries in three dimensions.
Crystal structure of a novel Kunitz type inhibitor, alocasin with anti‐Aedes aegypti activity targeting midgut proteases
Authors: Vajravijayan Senthilvadivel , Pletnev Sergei , Pletnev Vladimir Z , Nandhagopal Narayanasamy , Gunasekaran Krishnasamy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pesticidal properties of many Kunitz‐type inhibitors have been reported previously; however, the mechanism of action is not well established. In this study, the activity of alocasin against Aedes aegypti is demonstrated and the structure–activity relationship of this Kunitz‐type inhibitor is explained through X‐ray structure analyses.RESULTSAlocasin was purified from mature rhizomes of Alocasia as a single polypeptide chain of ∼ 20 kDa. The structure at 2.5 Å resolution revealed a Kunitz‐type fold, but variation in the loop regions makes this structure unique; one loop with a single disulfide bridge is replaced by a long loop with two bridges. Alignment of homologous sequences revealed that this long loop contains a conserved Arg residue and modeling studies showed interaction with the catalytic Ser residue of trypsin‐like enzymes. The anti‐Aedes aegypti activity of alocasin is examined and discussed in detail. The in vitro activity of alocasin against midgut proteases of Aedes aegypti showed profound inhibition. Further, morphological changes in larvae upon treatment with alocasin revealed its activity against Ae. aegypti. Docking studies of alocasin with trypsin (5G1), a midgut protease involved in the development cycle and blood meal digestion, illustrated its insecticidal activity.CONCLUSIONThe three‐dimensional structure of alocasin was determined and its structure–function relationship established for its anti Ae. aegypti activity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of elevated CO2 on the interaction between invasive thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and its host kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Qian Lei , He Shuqi , Liu Xiaowei , Huang Zujin , Chen Fajun , Gui Furong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDElevated CO2 can alter the leaf damage caused by insect herbivores. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is highly destructive invasive pest of crop production worldwide. To investigate how elevated CO2 affects F. occidentalis fed with Phaseolus vulgaris and, in particular, the interaction between plant defense and thrips anti‐defense, nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity of P. vulgaris were measured, as well as the detoxifying enzyme activity of adult thrips.RESULTSElevated CO2 increased the soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid content in non thrip‐infested plants, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in these plants. Feeding thrips reduced the nutrient content in plants, and increased their SOD, catalase and POD activity. Variations in nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity in plants showed an opposite tendency over thrip feeding time. After feeding, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and mixed‐function oxidase activity in thrips increased to counter the plant defenses. Greater thrip densities induced stronger plant defenses and, in turn, detoxifying enzyme levels in thrips increased over thrip numbers.CONCLUSIONOur study revealed that F. occidentalis can induce not only an antioxidant‐associated plant defense, but also detoxifying enzymes in thrips. Elevated CO2 might both enhance plant defense against thrip attack, and increase thrip anti‐defense against plant defenses. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
RNA‐Seq identification of candidate defense genes targeted by endophytic Bacillus cereus‐mediated induced systemic resistance against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato
Authors: Hu Haijing , Wang Cong , Li Xia , Tang Yunyun , Wang Yufang , Chen Shuanglin , Yan Shuzhen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe endophytic bacteria Bacillus cereus BCM2 has shown great potential as a defense against the parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Here, we studied endophytic bacteria‐mediated plant defense against M. incognita and searched for defense‐related candidate genes using RNA‐Seq.RESULTSThe induced systemic resistance of BCM2 against M. incognita was tested using the split‐root method. Pre‐inoculated BCM2 on the inducer side was associated with a dramatic reduction in galls and egg masses on the responder side, but inoculated BCM2 alone did not produce the same effect. In order to investigate which plant defense‐related genes are specifically activated by BCM2, four RNA samples from tomato roots were sequenced, and four high‐quality total clean bases were obtained, ranging from 6.64 to 6.75 Gb, with an average of 21 558 total genes. The 34 candidate defense‐related genes were identified by pair‐wise comparison among libraries, representing the targets for BCM2 priming resistance against M. incognita. Functional characterization revealed that the plant–pathogen interaction pathway (ID: ko04626) was significantly enriched for BCM2‐mediated M. incognita resistance.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that B. cereus BCM2 maintains a harmonious host–microbe relationship with tomato, but appeared to prime the plant, resulting in more vigorous defense response toward the infection nematode. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of mating disruption on the reproductive biology of the vine mealybug,Planococcus ficus(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), under field conditions
Authors: Cocco Arturo , Muscas Enrico , Mura Alessandra , Iodice Andrea , Savino Francesco , Lentini Andrea 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough mating disruption is increasingly being used to control the worldwide grapevine pest vine mealybug,Planococcus ficus(Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), its mode of action remains unclear. A 3‐year field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of mating disruption on the development and reproduction of the vine mealybug. The influence of mating disruption applied over consecutive years on the pest population density was also evaluated.RESULTSThe percentage of ovipositing females was significantly reduced in disrupted plots by 18.8–66.2%, depending on the year. The absence of ovipositing females in disrupted plots in the autumn of the second and third years indicates the effectiveness of mating disruption throughout the whole growing season. Mating disruption consistently prolonged the pre‐oviposition period in all years by up to 12.5 days.CONCLUSIONOur findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the pheromone‐based control of the vine mealybug and indicate that the reduction of the pest population density is attributable to both a decrease and a delay in female mating. In addition, the population density of vine mealybugs under mating disruption decreased over the years, indicating that consecutive applications of this control strategy would significantly increase the effectiveness of control of the vine mealybug by mating disruption. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving soil seed bank management
Authors: Haring Steven C , Flessner Michael L 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProblems associated with simplified weed management motivate efforts for diversification. Integrated weed management uses the fundamentals of weed biology and applied ecology to provide a framework for diversified weed management programs; the soil seed bank comprises a necessary part of this framework. By targeting seeds, growers can inhibit the propagule pressure on which annual weeds depend for agricultural invasion. Some current management practices affect weed seed banks, such as crop rotation and tillage, but these tools are often used without specific intention to manage weed seeds. Difficulties quantifying the weed seed bank, understanding seed bank phenology, and linking seed banks to emerged weed communities challenge existing soil seed bank management practices. Improved seed bank quantification methods could include DNA profiling of the soil seed bank, mark and recapture, or 3D LIDAR mapping. Successful and sustainable soil seed bank management must constrain functionally diverse and changing weed communities. Harvest weed seed controls represent a step forward, but over‐reliance on this singular technique could make it short‐lived. Researchers must explore tools inspired by other pest management disciplines, such as gene drives or habitat modification for predatory organisms. Future weed seed bank management will combine multiple complementary practices that enhance diverse agroecosystems. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A discrete‐components millimeter‐wave satellite beacon receiver for Q‐band propagation experiment
Authors: Mrak Sebastijan , Hrovat Andrej , Vidmar Matjaz , Vilhar Andrej 
Published: May 2018

SummaryEver increasing bandwidth requirements in satellite communications continuously push the frequency limits. Q‐ band (33 – 50 GHz) is the next frequency band to be populated; however, at these frequencies, the Earth's troposphere (weather) profoundly alters the radio propagation conditions. Therefore, in order to properly plan radio links, accurate statistical models of radio channels are necessary. These statistical models are built upon empirical data, ie, measurements, which are furthermore used to design appropriate Propagation Impairment Mitigation Techniques. The Q‐ band lacks such data, hence the statistical models are inadequate. To address this problem, we propose a cost‐effective, easy to replicate Q‐ band beacon receiver to leverage the Alphasat propagation campaign. We present a step‐by‐step implementation process of the receiver's fundamental part, a Low‐Noise Block, which translates input 39.402 GHz signal into 162 MHz output signal with a conversion gain of 52 dB. The receiver furthermore utilizes software define radio for signal processing and other data manipulation. Here, we describe the receiver implementations in great details, supplementing the crucial parts with laboratory validation results. Finally, we show 2 example datasets, showing usual data obtained during heavy showers and on a quiet day, respectively.
Modeling strategies enhanced by metacognitive tools in high school physics to support student conceptual trajectories and understanding of electricity
Authors: Wade‐Jaimes Katherine , Demir Kadir , Qureshi Azhar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModeling is considered an important scientific practice, and modeling instruction has the potential to support conceptual change in students in physics. However, when students are not taught how to think about modeling, and how to develop and use models, the learning potential of modeling may be limited. This paper argues that the use and explicit teaching of metacognitive tools like interactive questioning and individual reflection increase students’ ability to use and make sense of models. We present a sequence of activities incorporating metacognitive tools with a variety of models (mental, physical, simulated, and mathematical) in a high school physics unit of electricity. Using data from classroom observations, individual student reflections, group‐created posters, and classroom discussion, we found evidence to demonstrate the complicated nature of conceptual change, the importance of using a variety of different representations (models) of a phenomenon, and the critical role of the teacher in learning. Teachers need to be aware of this process and able to give students the time they need to fully explore and develop multiple models and support to think critically about models. Although many classrooms are limited in time, this process is necessary to move beyond rote memorization toward meaningful conceptual change.