bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Obstetrical Interventions and Stratified Cesarean Section Rates Using the Robson Classification in Tertiary Care Hospitals in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Abdulrahman Mahera , Abdullah Sara Saad , Alaani Aminah Fuad Khalil , AlAbdool Noora Hassan , Sherif Fatma Elzahraa Yehia , Ahmed Zainab SalahEldin , Al-Rawi Hiba Issa , Hubaishi Nawal Mahmood , Tahlak Muna AbdulRazzaq , Carrick Frederick R 
Published: March 2019

Objective The objective of the present study was to explore obstetric management in relation to clinical, maternal and child health outcomes by using the Robson classification system.
Methods Data was collected from obstetrics registries in tertiary care hospitals in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Results The analysis of > 5,400 deliveries (60% of all the deliveries in 2016) in major maternity hospitals in Dubai showed that groups 5, 8 and 9 of Robson’s classification were the largest contributors to the overall cesarean section (CS) rate and accounted for 30% of the total CS rate. The results indicate that labor was spontaneous in 2,221 (45%) of the women and was augmented or induced in almost 1,634 cases (33%). The birth indication rate was of 64% for normal vaginal delivery, of 24% for emergency CS, and of 9% for elective CS. The rate of vaginal birth after cesarean was 261 (6%), the rate of external cephalic version was 28 (0.7%), and the rate of induction was 1,168 (21.4%). The prevalence of the overall Cesarean section was 33%; with majority (53.5%) of it being repeated Cesarean section.
Conclusion The CS rate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is higher than the global average rate and than the average rate in Asia, which highlights the need for more education of pregnant women and of their physicians in order to promote vaginal birth. A proper planning is needed to reduce the number of CSs in nulliparous women in order to prevent repeated CSs in the future. Monitoring both CS rates and outcomes is essential to ensure that policies, practices, and actions for the optimization of the utilization of CS lead to improved maternal and infant outcomes.
Custom Cementless Femoral Stems in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Wera Glenn D. , Dwyer Mark W. , Verhotz Daniel R. , Popa Matthew A. , Marcus Randall E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObtaining appropriate prosthetic fit in cementless total hip arthroplasty can be challenging in cases with disparity between the femoral and metaphyseal diameters of the femur or cases of complex deformity. One solution has been to utilize a custom femoral component in total hip arthroplasty. The long-term results of this option with respect to femoral morphology are limited. This cohort was analyzed to determine the survivorship, functional results using Harris Hip Scores (HHSs), and complication rates using these implants. Survivorship and complications were evaluated based on the proximal femoral anatomy and severity of arthritis. The authors retrospectively reviewed 73 cases of custom femoral implants in total hip arthroplasties by a single surgeon. The average age of patients at index surgery was 58.06 years (range, 36.00–73.75 years). The mean follow-up was 8.59 years (range, 0.17–20.33 years) with a minimum of 2-year follow-up required for analysis of HHS data. There were 8 failures at a mean of 67.68 months (range, 2.04–135 months). The reasons for revision were infection (2), osteolysis (1), periprosthetic fracture (3), osteolysis and aseptic loosening (1), and polyethylene wear (1). The mean preoperative HHS was 55.38 (range, 31–90). The mean follow-up HHS was 93.10 (range, 38–100) with a mean improvement of 37.44 (p < 0.0001). Complications included infection (3), fracture (6), and dislocation (3). Preoperative Dorr classification A (n = 44), B (n = 24), and C (n = 1) and Kellgren–Lawrence grades I (n = 0), II (n = 2), III (n = 7), and IV (n = 60) were not predictive of failure or revision (p = 0.45, p = 0.6). There was a near significant association between Dorr classification B femur fractures requiring revision (p < 0.053). Kaplan–Meier predicted survivorship was 20.33 years with revision for any reason as the endpoint and total overall survivorship of 81.7%. Custom cementless femoral stems provide satisfactory survivorship and improvement in hip scores in a variety of patients undergoing cementless total hip arthroplasty. Fracture rates are higher in Dorr class B femurs. The level of evidence was IV.
Artrodesis total de muñeca en paciente con síndrome de Hajdu Cheney – reporte de caso
Authors: Azócar Sanhueza Camila , Naranjo Reyes Marco , González García Javier , Carrasco Penna Gabriel 
Published: March 2019

ResumenEl síndrome de Hajdu-Cheney, es una patología infrecuente caracterizada por alteraciones esqueléticas que se manifiestan con acro-osteolisis y osteoporosis generalizada. Su frecuencia es extremadamente rara y existen escasos reportes en la literatura a nivel mundial. Se presenta un caso de un paciente con colapso avanzado del carpo producto de una no unión de escafoides no tratada. Se describen características clínicas y radiográficas del paciente y la resolución del caso con artrodesis total de muñeca.
Singlet oxygen mediated iron-based Fenton-like catalysis under nanoconfinement
Authors: Yang Zhichao , Qian Jieshu , Yu Anqing , Pan Bingcai 
Published: March 2019

Significance
In the bulk phase, hydroxyl radical from the one-electron transfer and high-valent iron-oxo species from the O-atom transfer compete to be the reactive intermediates in the Fenton and related reactions. In the confined space at a nanoscale, however, the behavior of the Fenton reaction is elusive. Herein, we report an unprecedented singlet oxygen mediated Fenton’s reaction occurred inside carbon nanotube with inner diameter of ∼7 nm, showing exotic catalytic activities, unforeseen adsorption-dependent selectivity, and pH stability for the oxidation of organic compounds. Our results suggest the use of Fenton’s reaction in more scenarios than ever explored.
Food loss and nutrition security: reviewing pre-consumer loss in Australian sheep meat value chains using a planetary health framework.
Authors: Wingett K. , Allman-Farinelli M. , Alders R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Minimizing pre-consumer losses in agri-food value chains is crucial for planetary health and for reaching the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This action stands to benefit animal, human and environmental health. Comprehensive, quantified-feedback systems along agri-food value chains are needed to achieve this goal. The Australian sheep meat value chain is the second largest in the world and produces lamb meat, mutton meat and offal, in parallel with fine wool. Mutton and lamb meat and sheep offal are nutrient-dense foods. The Australian sheep meat value chain has seen significant gains in monitoring losses in recent decades. The value chain is working towards a more complete feedback system at the producer and processing levels. At an individual level, this will enable producers to predict the economic benefits of managing diseases on-farm. Public benefits may be the redirection of nutrient-dense food into Australian diets, improving the micronutrient status of the population, and conservation of vulnerable rangeland due to increased yield per head of sheep.
New horizons in frailty: the contingent, the existential and the clinical
Authors: Pickard Susan , Cluley Victoria , Danely Jason , Laceulle Hanne , Leon-Salas Jorge , Vanhoutte Bram , Romero-Ortuno Roman 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, frailty research has focused on refinement of biomedical tools and operationalisations, potentially introducing a reductionist approach. This article suggests that a new horizon in frailty lies in a more holistic approach to health and illness in old age. This would build on approaches that view healthy ageing in terms of functionality, in the sense of intrinsic capacity in interplay with social environment, whilst also emphasising positive attributes. Within this framework, frailty is conceptualised as originating as much in the social as in the biological domain; as co-existing with positive attributes and resilience, and as situated on a continuum with health and illness. Relatedly, social science-based studies involving interviews with, and observations of, frail, older people indicate that the social and biographical context in which frailty arises might be more impactful on the subsequent frailty trajectory than the health crisis which precipitates it. For these reasons, the article suggests that interpretive methodologies, derived from the social sciences and humanities, will be of particular use to the geriatrician in understanding health, illness and frailty from the perspective of the older person. These may be included in a toolkit with the purpose of identifying how biological and social factors jointly underpin the fluctuations of frailty and in designing interventions accordingly. Such an approach will bring clinical approaches closer to the views and experiences of older people who live with frailty, as well as to the holistic traditions of geriatric medicine itself.
Noninvasive Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion in Different Blood Pressure Phenotypes and Its Association With Arterial Stiffness Indices
Authors: Anyfanti Panagiota , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia , Triantafyllou Areti , Dipla Konstantina , Zarifis Hippocrates , Arseniou Polyvios , Lazaridis Antonios , Douma Stella 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We investigated for the first time whether patients with recent-onset, uncomplicated hypertension and different hypertension phenotypes exhibit altered values of subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), a surrogate measure of myocardial perfusion that correlates with the ratio of subendocardial to subepicardial blood flow. We additionally explored whether SEVR correlates with arterial stiffness in a population free from the long-term effects of essential hypertension.

METHODS
Nontreated individuals free from any known health problems were classified as true hypertensives (THs), white-coat hypertensives (WCHs), masked hypertensives (MHs), and normotensives. SEVR was noninvasively calculated with applanation tonometry in the radial artery. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central and peripheral pulse pressure (PP), augmentation index, and central systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) were assessed with applanation tonometry. Total arterial compliance index was calculated with impedance cardiography.

RESULTS
In a total of 150 participants, normotensive individuals exhibited the highest values of SEVR (162.9 ± 25.3%), whereas SEVR appeared to be similar in MHs (150.2 ± 22.1%), WCHs (148.1 ± 20.4%), and THs (149.9 ± 24.8%) (P = 0.017). In the univariate analysis, SEVR significantly correlated with central systolic BP, peripheral PP, and total arterial compliance index. The association between SEVR and both central (P = 0.017) and peripheral PP (P = 0.003) remained significant after adjustment for heart rate and other parameters.

CONCLUSIONS
SEVR, an alternative tool to the invasive assessment of microvascular coronary perfusion, presents different values across patients with divergent BP phenotypes and correlated with arterial stiffness, even in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease. Future studies need to address the potential utility of this easily implementable marker as a screening test for myocardial ischemia.
Free Recall of Bound Information Held in Short-Term Memory is Unimpaired by Age and Education
Authors: Yassuda Mônica Sanches , Carthery-Goulart Maria Teresa , Cecchini Mario Amore , Cassimiro Luciana , Fernandes Katarina Duarte , Baradel Roberta Roque , Garcia Ricardo Basso , Nitrini Ricardo , Della Sala Sergio , Parra Mario Alfredo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
It has been challenging to identify cognitive markers to differentiate healthy brain aging from neurodegeneration due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that are not affected by age and education. The Short-Term Memory Binding (STMB) showed not to be affected by age or education when using the change detection paradigm. However, no previous study has tested the effect of age and education using the free recall paradigm of the STMB. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate age and education effects on the free recall version of the STMB test under different memory loads.

Methods
126 healthy volunteers completed the free recall STMB test. The sample was divided into five age bands and into five education bands for comparisons. The STMB test assessed free recall of two (or three) common objects and two (or three) primary colors presented as individual features (unbound) or integrated into unified objects (bound).

Results
The binding condition and the larger set size generated lower free recall scores. Performance was lower in older and less educated participants. Critically, neither age nor education modified these effects when compared across experimental conditions (unbound v. bound features).

Conclusions
Binding in short-term memory carries a cost in performance. Age and education do not affect such a binding cost within a memory recall paradigm. These findings suggest that this paradigm is a suitable cognitive marker to differentiate healthy brain aging from age-related disease such as AD.
Fibroblasts Derived From Human Adipose Stem Cells Produce More Effective Extracellular Matrix and Migrate Faster Compared to Primary Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Gersch Robert P , Raum Jeffrey C , Calvert Catherine , Percec Ivona 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to improve wound healing has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, no consistent reports have described significant improvements in healing time or outcomes in large-scale clinical trials utilizing human ASCs. Primarily, these studies examined undifferentiated ASCs as opposed to specific cells differentiated from ASCs.

Objectives
The authors sought to examine the properties of fibroblasts differentiated from human ASCs (dFib cells) compared with those of primary dermal fibroblasts.

Methods
ASCs were isolated from healthy female patients, differentiated into dFib cells, and compared with intra-patient primary dermal fibroblasts for morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) marker expression, and cell migration employing qPCR, western blot, and scratch test assays.

Results
De novo differentiated fibroblasts produce higher levels of the healthy ECM markers Elastin, Fibronectin, and Collagen 1 compared with primary fibroblasts. In contrast, dFib cells have reduced expression of the scar tissue markers αSMA, Collagen 3, and MMP-1. Further, dFib cells close scratch defects more quickly than primary dermal fibroblasts (32 ± 12.85 hours vs 64 ± 13.85 hours, P &lt; 0.01) in a scratch test assay.

Conclusions
These data suggest that fibroblasts newly differentiated from human ASCs migrate well and produce a robust ECM, the combination of which may contribute to improved wound healing, and thus should be further investigated.
Antiretroviral Adherence, Elevated Viral Load, and Drug Resistance Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Women Initiating Treatment in Pregnancy: A Nested Case-control Study
Authors: Myer Landon , Redd Andrew D , Mukonda Elton , Lynch Briana A , Phillips Tamsin K , Eisenberg Anna , Hsiao Nei-Yuan , Capoferri Adam , Zerbe Alison , Clarke William , Lesosky Maia , Breaud Autumn , McIntyre James , Bruno Daniel , Martens Craig , Abrams Elaine J , Reynolds Steven J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Elevated viral load (VL) early after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation appears frequently in pregnant and postpartum women living with human immunodeficiency virus; however the relative contributions of pre-ART drug resistance mutations (DRMs) vs nonadherence in the etiology of elevated VL are unknown.

Methods
Within a cohort of women initiating ART during pregnancy in Cape Town, South Africa, we compared women with elevated VL after initial suppression (cases, n = 80) incidence-density matched to women who maintained suppression over time (controls, n = 87). Groups were compared on pre-ART DRMs and detection of antiretrovirals in stored plasma.

Results
The prevalence of pre-ART DRMs was 10% in cases and 5% in controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .4–5.9]); all mutations were to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. At the time of elevated VL, 19% of cases had antiretrovirals detected in plasma, compared with 87% of controls who were suppressed at a matched time point (aOR, 131.43 [95% CI, 32.8–527.4]). Based on these findings, we estimate that &lt;10% of all elevated VL in the cohort may be attributable to pre-ART DRMs vs &gt;90% attributable to ART nonadherence.

Conclusions
DRMs account for a small proportion of all elevated VL among women occurring in the 12 months after ART initiation during pregnancy in this setting, with nonadherence appearing to drive most episodes of elevated VL. Alongside the drive for access to more robust antiretroviral agents in resource-limited settings, there is an ongoing need for effective strategies to support ART adherence in this patient population.
Maternal Vaccination in Argentina: Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Effectiveness During Pregnancy in Preventing Pertussis in Infants &lt;2 Months of Age
Authors: Romanin Viviana , Acosta Anna M , Juarez Maria del Valle , Briere Elizabeth , Sanchez Stella Maris , Cordoba Beatriz Lopez , Sevilla Maria Eugenia , Lucion Maria Florencia , Urrutia Anahi , Sagradini Sandra , Skoff Tami H , Vizzotti Carla 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2011, Argentina experienced its highest pertussis incidence and mortality rates of the last decade; 60% of deaths were among infants aged &lt;2 months. In response, a dose of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine was recommended for all pregnant women at ≥20 weeks of gestation. Although recent studies suggest that maternal Tdap vaccination is effective at preventing infant disease, no data have come from low- or middle-income countries, nor from ones using whole-cell pertussis vaccines for primary immunization.

Methods
We conducted a matched case-control evaluation to assess the effectiveness of maternal Tdap vaccination in preventing pertussis among infants aged &lt;2 months in Argentina. Pertussis case patients identified from September 2012 to March 2016 at 6 hospital sites and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing were included. Five randomly selected controls were matched to each case patient by hospital site and mother’s health district. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as (1 – OR) × 100%.

Results
Seventy-one case patients and 300 controls were included in the analysis. Forty-nine percent of case patients and 78% of controls had mothers who were vaccinated during pregnancy. Overall Tdap VE was estimated at 80.7% (95% confidence interval, 52.1%–92.2%). We found similar VE whether Tdap was administered during the second or third trimester.

Conclusions
Tdap vaccination during pregnancy is effective in preventing pertussis in infants aged &lt;2 months in Argentina, with similar effectiveness whether administered during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
“The Rage of the Fanatics”: Religious Fanaticism and the Making of Revolutionary Violence
Authors: Clarke Joseph 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Fanaticism, along with its offshoots, fanatic, fanatical and fanaticized, was one of the French Revolution’s favourite terms of abuse. This article traces fanaticism’s evolution from its initial emergence in the religious polemics of the early modern period to its everyday use in Revolutionary politics and assesses the idea’s implications for the nature of the violence the new regime was willing to deploy against its enemies. While Revolutionary political culture classified many different kinds of enemy throughout the 1790s, the attribution of fanaticism to an adversary was especially significant because it defined the enemy as irrational, intractable, almost inhuman. In the context of the counter-insurgency campaigns the new regime fought at home and abroad, this definition of enmity and the dehumanization of resistance that it implied served to justify the recourse to extremes of violence that would have been unthinkable in other contexts and against other types of adversary.
Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning: Results of the Minority Aging Research Study
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Lerner Alan J , James Bryan D , Yu Lei , Glover Crystal M , Wilson Robert S , Barnes Lisa L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Investigate associations of early-life residence and school segregation with cognitive change in the Minority Aging Research Study.

Methods
Four hundred ninety-eight blacks (age ~ 73.5; 75% = women) without dementia at baseline self-reported State of birth, residence at age 12, and school segregation status. Census Bureau definitions of South and Northeast/Midwest were used to categorize early-life residence. We evaluated global cognition and five cognitive domains at baseline and annually for ~7.5 years. Linear mixed effects models examined the associations of region of birth and residence at age 12 with baseline level and longitudinal change in cognition. Additional models examined school segregation experience.

Results
~65% of Southern-born participants still lived in the South at age 12. Southern birth was associated with lower baseline global cognition and all cognitive domains (p-values ≤ .02) compared to Northern birth, but not cognitive change. A similar profile was seen for Southern residence at age 12. Segregation experience significantly modified associations of residence at age 12 on levels of cognition. Participants residing in the South attending a legally desegregated school demonstrated lower baseline levels of cognition (global, semantic, and working memory) than their Northeast/Midwest counterparts attending a legally desegregated or segregated school as well as their Southern counterparts attending a legally segregated school. This profile for participants attending a desegregated school in the South held for processing speed and visuospatial ability in comparisons to Northeast/Midwest counterparts, particularly those attending a legally desegregated school.

Conclusion
Baseline cognition was poorer in individuals born and residing in the South, particularly those attending desegregated schools at age 12.