bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotic consequences of a shift in invertebrate ecosystem engineers: Invasion of New Zealand rocky shores by a zone‐forming ascidian
Authors: Davis Andrew R. , Walls Katherine , Jeffs Andrew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe pervasive effects of invasive ecosystem engineers, that is those species that modify their environment, are well documented, but rarely have the broader impacts of one foundation invertebrate species being replaced by another been examined. In New Zealand, green‐lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus, commonly dominate wave‐exposed rocky shores. The recent appearance of an invasive ecosystem engineer, the ascidian Pyura doppelgangera, at the very northern tip of New Zealand now threatens to exclude these bivalves from this habitat. Here, we report major shifts in assemblages associated with the invader and chronicle its continued spread. We examined epibiota associated with clumps of mussels and clumps of Pyura from two rocky shore habitats—pools and emergent substrata at two locations. We detected some differences in species richness in biota associated with the two foundation species, but faunal abundance only differed between the locations. These minor changes were dwarfed by the shift in species composition within clumps of each foundation species. Molluscs, particularly gastropods, and crustaceans dominated the assemblage within mussels. In contrast, tubicolous polychaetes dominated the fauna associated with the ascidian. Sessile epifauna, notably barnacles and calcareous tube‐dwelling polychaetes, were common on mussels, but never encountered on the ascidian. Multivariate analysis revealed marked dissimilarity (>80%) between the characteristic mussel and ascidian faunas with virtually no overlap. This biotic shift overshadowed any differences between habitats and locations. The broader implications of these faunal shifts for local and regional patterns of biodiversity, as well as ecosystem function, remain unclear, but deserve further attention.
SpoVID functions as a non‐competitive hub that connects the modules for assembly of the inner and outer spore coat layers in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Nunes Filipa , Fernandes Catarina , Freitas Carolina , Marini Eleonora , Serrano Mónica , Moran Charles P. , Eichenberger Patrick , Henriques Adriano O. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDuring sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, a group of mother cell‐specific proteins guides the assembly of the coat, a multiprotein structure that protects the spore and influences many of its environmental interactions. SafA and CotE behave as party hubs, governing assembly of the inner and outer coat layers. Targeting of coat proteins to the developing spore is followed by encasement. Encasement by SafA and CotE requires E, a region of 11 amino acids in the encasement protein SpoVID, with which CotE interacts directly. Here, we identified two single alanine substitutions in E that prevent binding of SafA, but not of CotE, to SpoVID, and block encasement. The substitutions result in the accumulation of SafA, CotE and their dependent proteins at the mother cell proximal spore pole, phenocopying a spoVID null mutant and suggesting that mislocalized SafA acts as an attractor for the rest of the coat. The requirement for E in SafA binding is bypassed by a peptide with the sequence of E provided in trans. We suggest that E allows binding of SafA to a second region in SpoVID, enabling CotE to interact with E and SpoVID to function as a non‐competitive hub during spore encasement.
Anopheles arabiensis oviposition site selection in response to habitat persistence and associated physicochemical parameters, bacteria and volatile profiles
Authors: Eneh L. K. , Fillinger U. , Borg Karlson A. K. , Kuttuva Rajarao G. , Lindh J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA better understanding of the oviposition behaviour of malaria vectors might facilitate the development of new vector control tools. However, the factors that guide the aquatic habitat selection of gravid females are poorly understood.The present study explored the relative attractiveness of similar artificial ponds (0.8 m2) aged at varying lengths prior to opening in such a way that wild Anopheles arabiensis could choose between ponds that were freshly set up, or were aged 4 or 17 days old, to lay eggs. Physicochemical parameters, bacterial profile and volatile organic compounds emitted from ponds were investigated over three experimental rounds.Fresh ponds contained on average twice as many An. arabiensis instar larvae (mean 50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 29–85) as the ponds that had aged 4 days (mean = 24, 95% CI = 14–42) and 17 days (mean = 20, 95% CI: 12–34). Fresh ponds were associated with a significantly higher turbidity combined with higher water temperature, higher nitrite levels and a lower pH and chlorophyll level than the older ponds. Round by round analyses suggested that bacteria communities differed between age groups and also that 4‐heptanone, 2‐ethylhexanal and an isomer of octenal were exclusively detected from the fresh ponds.These characteristics may be useful with respect to developing attract and kill strategies for malaria vector control.
Explaining Differences in Men and Women's Use of Unethical Tactics in Negotiations
Authors: Pierce Jason R. , Thompson Leigh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that competitiveness and empathy explain men's greater willingness to use unethical tactics in negotiations. We tested whether and how robustly they do with three distinct studies, run with three distinct populations. Simultaneous mediation analyses generally, but not completely, confirmed our expectations. In Study 1, only competitiveness mediated sex differences in unethical negotiation tactics among Chilean business students. Although empathy also explained willingness to use unethical negotiation tactics, the Chilean men and women did not differ in this regard. In Study 2, competitiveness and empathy both mediated sex differences in American business students’ intentions to lie to a client, but competitiveness explained greater variance. In Study 3, both factors explained sex differences in lying to bargaining partners for real stakes by working‐age Americans. Our findings suggest that competitiveness and empathy each explain sex differences in willingness to use unethical tactics, but the former does so more consistently.
Chloroplast‐localized BICAT proteins shape stromal calcium signals and are required for efficient photosynthesis
Authors: Frank Julia , Happeck Ricardo , Meier Bastian , Hoang Minh Thi Thanh , Stribny Jiri , Hause Gerd , Ding Haidong , Morsomme Pierre , Baginsky Sacha , Peiter Edgar 
Published: August 2018

Summary

The photosynthetic machinery of plants must be regulated to maximize the efficiency of light reactions and CO2 fixation. Changes in free Ca2+ in the stroma of chloroplasts have been observed at the transition between light and darkness, and also in response to stress stimuli. Such Ca2+ dynamics have been proposed to regulate photosynthetic capacity. However, the molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ fluxes in the chloroplasts have been unknown.

By employing a Ca2+ reporter‐based approach, we identified two chloroplast‐localized Ca2+ transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana, BICAT1 and BICAT2, that determine the amplitude of the darkness‐induced Ca2+ signal in the chloroplast stroma.

BICAT2 mediated Ca2+ uptake across the chloroplast envelope, and its knockout mutation strongly dampened the dark‐induced [Ca2+]stroma signal. Conversely, this Ca2+ transient was increased in knockout mutants of BICAT1, which transports Ca2+ into the thylakoid lumen. Knockout mutation of BICAT2 caused severe defects in chloroplast morphology, pigmentation and photosynthetic light reactions, rendering bicat2 mutants barely viable under autotrophic growth conditions, while bicat1 mutants were less affected.

These results show that BICAT transporters play a role in chloroplast Ca2+ homeostasis. They are also involved in the regulation of photosynthesis and plant productivity. Further work will be required to reveal whether the effect on photosynthesis is a direct result of their role as Ca2+ transporters.
Hijacking a host scaffold protein, RACK1, for replication of a plant RNA virus
Authors: Hyodo Kiwamu , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Okuno Tetsuro 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is strictly conserved across eukaryotes and acts as a versatile scaffold protein involved in various signaling pathways. Plant RACK1 is known to exert important functions in innate immunity against fungal and bacterial pathogens. However, the role of the RACK1 in plant–virus interactions remains unknown.

Here, we addressed the role of RACK1 of Nicotiana benthamiana during infection by red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), a plant positive‐stranded RNA virus. NbRACK1 was shown to be recruited by the p27 viral replication protein into endoplasmic reticulum‐derived aggregated structures (possible replication sites). Downregulation of NbRACK1 by virus‐induced gene silencing inhibited viral cap‐independent translation and p27‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which are prerequisite for RCNMV replication.

We also found that NbRACK1 interacted with a host calcium‐dependent protein kinase (NbCDPKiso2) that activated a ROS‐generating enzyme. Interestingly, NbRACK1 was required for the interaction of p27 with NbCDPKiso2, suggesting that NbRACK1 acts as a bridge between the p27 viral replication protein and NbCDPKiso2.

Collectively, our findings provide an example of a viral strategy in which a host multifaceted scaffold protein RACK1 is highjacked for promoting viral protein‐triggered ROS production necessary for robust viral replication.
The role of the integuments in pollen tube guidance in flowering plants
Authors: Lora Jorge , Laux Thomas , Hormaza José I. 
Published: August 2018

Summary

In angiosperms, pollen tube entry into the ovule generally takes place through the micropyle, but the exact role of the micropyle in pollen tube guidance remains unclear. A limited number of studies have examined eudicots with bitegmic micropyles, but information is lacking in ovules of basal/early‐divergent angiosperms with unitegmic micropyles.

We have evaluated the role of the micropyle in pollen tube guidance in an early‐divergent angiosperm (Annona cherimola) and the evolutionarily derived Arabidopsis thaliana by studying γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in wild‐type plants and integument‐defective mutants.

A conserved inhibitory role of GABA in pollen tube growth was shown in A. cherimola, in which AGPs surround the egg apparatus. In Arabidopsis, the micropyle formed only by the outer integument in wuschel‐7 mutants caused a partial defect in pollen tube guidance. Moreover, pollen tubes were not observed in the micropyle of an inner no outer (ino) mutant in Arabidopsis, but were observed in homologous ino mutants in Annona.

The similar distribution of GABA and AGPs observed in the micropyle of Arabidopsis and Annona, together with the anomalies from specific integument mutants, support the role of the inner integument in preventing multiple tube entrance (polytubey) in these two phylogenetically distant genera.
EMP18 functions in mitochondrial atp6 and cox2 transcript editing and is essential to seed development in maize
Authors: Li Xiu‐Lan , Huang Wen‐Long , Yang Huan‐Huan , Jiang Rui‐Cheng , Sun Feng , Wang Hong‐Chun , Zhao Jiao , Xu Chun‐Hui , Tan Bao‐Cai 
Published: August 2018

Summary

RNA editing plays an important role in organellar gene expression in plants, and pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are involved in this function. Because of its large family size, many PPR proteins are not known for their function and roles in plant growth and development.

Through genetic and molecular analyses of the empty pericarp18 (emp18) mutant in maize (Zea mays), we cloned the Emp18 gene, revealed its molecular function, and defined its role in the mitochondrial complex assembly and seed development.

Emp18 encodes a mitochondrial‐localized DYW‐PPR protein. Null mutation of Emp18 arrests embryo and endosperm development at an early stage in maize, resulting in embryo lethality. Mutants are deficient in the cytidine (C)‐to‐uridine (U) editing at atp6‐635 and cox2‐449, which converts a Leu to Pro in ATP6 and a Met to Thr in Cox2. The atp6 gene encodes the subunit a of F1Fo‐ATPase. The Leu to Pro alteration disrupts an α‐helix of subunit a, resulting in a dramatic reduction in assembly and activity of F1Fo‐ATPase holoenzyme and an accumulation of free F1‐subcomplex.

These results demonstrate that EMP18 functions in the C‐to‐U editing of atp6 and cox2, and is essential to mitochondrial biogenesis and seed development in maize.
Vitamin D deficiency in patients with aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Anbarcioglu Emrah , Kirtiloglu Tugrul , Öztürk Ayla , Kolbakir Filiz , Acıkgöz Gökhan , Colak Ramis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesVitamin D deficiency is a frequent health problem worldwide, especially as fewer people spend much time in the sun. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to several infectious and inflammatory conditions, including periodontal disease. However, its role in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) has not been well studied. We evaluated the association between vitamin D concentration and periodontal disease, both AgP and chronic (CP) periodontitis.Method and MaterialsForty‐seven AgP 55 CP and 27 control subjects participated. All patients were tested for serum vitamin D concentration (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone, and serum bone‐related biomarkers (alkaline phosphatases, calcium, and phosphorus) regulated by vitamin D.ResultsThe patients with AgP had lower serum 25(OH)D concentration (11.22 ± 4.8 ng/ml) than controls (16.9 ± 6.4 ng/ml) and patients with CP (16.13 ± 8.3 ng/ml; overallpvalue 0.0002). These associations remained significant after adjustment for age and gender (p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in any bone‐related biomarker among the three groups, and no association was observed with periodontal disease indices.ConclusionsOur results suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be a potential risk factor for AgP. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in AgP patients, routine screening for vitamin D status may be advisable in these subjects.
Poor patient compliance with instructions for continuous sialogogues after 131I therapy
Authors: Wu Di , Khorjekar Gauri , Kharazi Pejman , Moreau Shari , Kulkarni Kanchan , Burman Kenneth D. , Wartofsky Leonard , Van Nostrand Douglas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the role of patient compliance as a factor in evaluating the effectiveness of continuous sialogogues to prevent salivary side effects from 131I therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer patients.MethodsDifferentiated thyroid cancer patients who were clinically scheduled for an 131I therapy at MedStar Washington Hospital Center between 2012 and 2013 were given instructions for continuous sialogogues per standard clinical protocol. The prospective survey was given at multiple time points.ResultsNinety‐nine patients consented to participate of whom 94 participants had complete data. The mean prescribed 131I activity was 121 ± 50 mCi (4.5 ± 1.9 GBq), range 27.5–288 mCi (1.0–10.7 GBq ). Overall, only 10% (9/94) of patients were compliant with continuous sialogogues. Even though all patients took sialogogues on the first day of post‐therapy, 17% of participants did not continuously take sialogogues during the first day, 60% during the first night, and 72% on the second day despite rigorous instructions to continue for two days.ConclusionDespite repetitive instructions to use sialogogues continuously, most patients (90%) were not compliant. In future studies, strict monitoring and evaluation of patient compliance will be crucial when assessing the effect of continuous versus intermittent or delayed initiation of sialogogues.
Pediatric ocular lichen planus and lichen planopilaris: One new case and a review of the literature
Authors: Bevans Stephanie L. , Theos Amy J. , Fowler Priscilla G. , Pavlidakey Peter G. , Stoll Matthew , Sami Naveed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhen lichen planus involves the scalp, it is known as lichen planopilaris, and when it involves the eye, it is known as ocular lichen planus; both are rare. Early detection and targeted therapy are crucial in preventing hair loss and scarring conjunctivitis. Little is known regarding appropriate treatment for lichen planopilaris. The objective of this case study is to present a new case of pediatric ocular lichen planus and lichen planopilaris and to identify all reported cases of pediatric lichen planopilaris, highlighting disease involvement, treatment, and response to treatment.
Localized infantile hemangiomas of the face and scalp: Predilection for the midline and periorbital and perioral skin
Authors: Haggstrom Anita N. , Baselga Eulalia , Chamlin Sarah L. , Drolet Beth A. , Garzon Maria C. , Holland Kristen E. , Horii Kimberly A. , Lauren Christine , Lucky Anne , Mancini Anthony J. , Mathes Erin , McCuaig Catherine C. , Morel Kimberly , Newell Brandon , Pope Elena , Powell Julie , Puttgen Kate , Rahnama‐Moghadam Sahand , Song Wei , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesInfantile hemangiomas are common vascular tumors. Identifying sites of predilection may provide insight into pathogenesis. Previous studies have suggested a predilection for the boundary of facial metameres. The objective was to observe patterns of localized hemangiomas on the face and scalp, determine sites of predilection, and place these patterns in a developmental context.MethodsA retrospective review of photographic archives at 10 Hemangioma Investigator Group pediatric dermatology centers identified localized infantile hemangiomas of the face and scalp. Heat map software was used to identify areas of predilection. Dot maps were used to assess frequency, and densities of infantile hemangiomas were compared between facial units using t‐testing. The scalp was divided into quintiles to assess relative frequencies.ResultsFour thousand one hundred fifty‐three focal face and scalp infantile hemangiomas were mapped, of which 2962 (71%) were mapped to a frontal facial template. On the face, 73.8% (2186/2962) of hemangiomas occurred along the midline axis or perpendicularly across the ocular axis in a cross‐shaped area of predilection intersecting at the glabella. Scalp hemangiomas show a predilection for the midline, with 149/295 (50.5%) noted on the top of the scalp at the midline (P < 0.001). Localized hemangiomas do not demonstrate a preferential laterality.ConclusionThe distribution of localized infantile hemangiomas of the face and scalp is not random. There is preferential involvement of the midline face and scalp and the ocular axis. The regions corresponding to the boundaries between the embryonic facial segments, including the maxillary and mandibular metameres, are not accentuated in the distribution of infantile hemangiomas.
Remission of seizures with immunosuppressive therapy in Parry‐Romberg syndrome and en coup de sabre linear scleroderma: Case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Anderson L. Elizabeth , Treat James R. , Licht Daniel J. , Kreiger Portia A. , Knight Andrea M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParry‐Romberg syndrome (PRS) is characterized by progressive atrophy of facial skin, soft tissues, muscle, and bone. En coup de sabre syndrome is a form of linear scleroderma (LS) involving the skin of the frontoparietal forehead and scalp. Both conditions can be associated with neurologic findings, including seizures. We explore a case in which skin findings and seizure burden improved with methotrexate therapy.
The value of full‐body skin examination: Poland syndrome diagnosed as an incidental finding
Authors: Bazewicz Christopher G. , Goldenberg Michael D. F. , Hollins L. Claire , Foulke Galen T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPoland syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by agenesis of the pectoralis major muscle. It is generally unilateral, right‐sided, and can be associated with a myriad of thoracic and upper limb defects. Knowledge of this disorder can lead the astute clinician to prompt diagnosis and referral to surgical specialists for further workup. Surgery is often performed for either esthetic or functional concerns.
Ulcerated congenital plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor: Case report and literature review
Authors: Nieto Daniel , Feito Marta , Rueda José M. , Rodríguez Ana , Berjón Alberto , López Juan C. , de Lucas Raúl 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA newborn boy presented with a progressively infiltrating and painful congenital ulcerated plaque on the back of his left foot. A partial excision was performed and histopathologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of a plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor. This rare tumor usually appears in children and adolescents, with congenital presentations even more uncommon. This case details the exceptional presentation of a congenital ulcerated plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor with a review of the current literature.
Sinecatechins ointment for the treatment of warts in children
Authors: Deeb Maya , Levy Rebecca , Pope Elena , Lara‐Corrales Irene 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundSinecatechins ointment, a green tea derivative, is a novel agent approved for the treatment of anogenital warts in immunocompetent adults and has been reported to be effective in treating extragenital warts as well. Data are lacking in children. We sought to determine the efficacy and tolerability of sinecatechins ointment for treating warts in children.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of children with anogenital and/or extragenital warts treated with sinecatechins ointment for at least 1 month. The primary outcome was frequency of complete response (total resolution of warts at follow‐up). Secondary outcomes included frequency of partial response (reduction in number and/or size of warts) and adverse events. There was no control group for comparison.ResultsOf 24 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 14 (58.3%) had anogenital warts, 7 (29.2%) had extragenital warts, and 3 (12.5%) had both anogenital and extragenital warts. Mean age at treatment initiation was 8.0 years (SD = 3.9). Median duration of warts at treatment initiation was 1.2 years (range 0.09‐12.62). Sixteen patients (66.7%) experienced a reduction in the number and/or size of the warts. Four patients (16.7%) had complete resolution. Median treatment duration was 4.5 months (range 0.6‐21.8) overall. Median time to complete resolution was 2.9 months (range 1.3‐7.7). Fifty‐four percent of patients used sinecatechins ointment as prescribed. Adverse events were limited to mild local irritation (7 patients; 29.2%).ConclusionSinecatechins ointment is a promising therapy for warts in children, and its use should be evaluated in prospective controlled clinical trials.
Vancomycin‐induced red man syndrome presentation in a preterm infant
Authors: Martini Silvia , Alessandroni Rosina , Arcuri Santo , Faldella Giacomo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA male infant born at 32 weeks’ gestation with a birthweight of 1030 g was started on intravenous vancomycin for a femoral osteomyelitis. On day 7 of treatment, he developed an erythematous flushed rash, rapidly spreading from the head to trunk and extremities, and became markedly irritable; vancomycin infusion was promptly stopped, with subsequent skin clearance. Given the wide use of vancomycin for the treatment of neonatal infections, a good awareness of red man syndrome signs and symptoms in the neonatal population is fundamental to recognize this adverse drug reaction and manage its rare but possible life‐threatening complications.