bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Dirofilaria immitis in golden jackals (Canis aureus L.) but not in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) and European badgers (Meles meles L.) in Croatia
Authors: Naletilić Šimun , Gagović Ema , Mihaljević Željko , Polkinghorne Adam , Beck Ana , Beck Relja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Dirofilariosis is a parasitic mosquito-borne disease caused by members of the genus Dirofilaria, which includes Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Surveillance studies in Europe have revealed that D. immitis can also be detected in a range of wild carnivores, raising questions over the impact of infections on wild carnivore animal health but also whether these populations may act as a reservoir for infection of other species, including domestic dogs and humans.

Methods
In the current study, we conducted surveillance for the presence of D. immitis in several wild carnivore species, including golden jackals (Canis aureus; n = 77), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes; n = 326), and European badgers (Meles meles;n = 28), collected during an annual rabies surveillance and control program from across continental and coastal regions of Croatia.

Results
Macroscopic examination of the right chambers of the heart during a post-mortem examination resulted in the detection of filarial parasites in 6.5% (5/77) golden jackal carcasses. Morphological identification, confirmed by molecular screening, classified all parasites as D. immitis. No D. immitis were detected in the red foxes or European badgers examined. All infected golden jackals were adults aged from 2 to 7 years with a parasite load ranging from 2 to 7 nematodes per carcass. One animal was infected with a sexually mature pair, while a second harbored pre-mature parasites; the remaining positive jackals were infected with female parasites only. Notably, histological examination of cardiac and lung tissue revealed proliferative endarteritis in the jackal with the highest parasite burden.

Conclusions
Further studies are required to establish whether golden jackals, as well as other wild carnivore hosts, may serve as competent definitive hosts of D. immitis and act as reservoirs for infection of other species including domestic dogs and humans. Histological changes in the cardiac tissue of at least one positive jackal were suggestive of infection with pathological consequences for the host.

Graphical Abstract
New technology: clinical efficacy of intracapsular decompression and supported hollow screw treatment for Garden IV femoral neck fractures
Authors: Jia Zhaofeng , Xiao Tinghui , Lin Yimiao , Huang Wenjun , Deng Peizhi , Lin Jiandong , Lin Shiyuan , Cheng Jiwu , Cui Fengting , Hu Xinjia , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The management of Garden IV femoral neck fractures presents a formidable challenge. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel technological approach for treating Garden IV femoral neck fractures, involving intracapsular decompression and the utilization of supported hollow screws.

Methods
Between October 2018 and October 2021, a cohort of 46 patients, comprising 25 males and 21 females, was admitted for Garden IV femoral neck fractures. The surgical intervention employed a novel methodology, involving closed reduction of femoral neck fractures on a traction bed and percutaneous implantation of decompression support hollow screw internal fixation in the capsule. Operative parameters such as intraoperative bleeding volume, incision length, and fluoroscopy frequency were recorded. Postoperative angiography was performed to evaluate the blood supply to the femoral neck and femoral head, while long-term follow-up records documented femoral neck fracture healing and patient functional recovery.

Results
The closed reduction and minimally invasive implantation of decompression support screws in the femoral neck capsule proved effective in successfully fixing Garden IV femoral neck fractures. The screw placement time was 20–45 min, with an average of 25.2 min. The number of fluoroscopy was 6–14, with an average of 7. The postoperative follow-up was 20–25 months, with an average duration of 22 months. All patients exhibited uneventful single-stage wound healing, devoid of complications such as nerve, blood vessel, or important tissue structure injuries. While femoral head necrosis occurred in one case and femoral neck shortening in another, all femoral neck fractures exhibited healing. Post-surgery, patients experienced rapid recovery, enabling early functional exercise with satisfactory functional restoration.

Conclusion
The innovative technology, employing femoral neck capsule decompression support hollow screws, not only offers structural support, but also facilitates capsule decompression post-femoral neck fracture surgery. This approach promotes the restoration of blood flow to the femoral head and neck, accelerates fracture healing, diminishes the likelihood of femoral head necrosis, and enhances the overall therapeutic outcome for Garden IV femoral neck fractures. The merits of this novel technique warrant its widespread adoption and application.
Microbial community composition and their activity against Phytophthora nicotianae at different growth stages of tobacco
Authors: Zhang Meng-yu , Li Han , Miao Pu , Wang Hui , Xu Min , Yang Jian-xin , Yang Jin-yan , Kang Ye-bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Tobacco, an economically significant crop, faces substantial losses due to infections by Phytophthora nicotianae. This study investigated the endophytic microbial community composition in tobacco plants across different growth stages and plant parts to identify endophytes that can antagonize P. nicotianae. Using high-throughput 16S/18S sequencing to detect endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi in tobacco, the endophytic communities of roots, stems, and leaves during the vigorous and mature growth stages were analyzed. Pure culture methods isolated endophytes, and their antagonistic activity against P. nicotianae was assessed through inhibitory assays.

Results
Non-significant differences in richness indices (ACE and Chao1) and diversity index (Shannon) among roots, stems, and leaves at the same growth stage were found. However, significant differences in richness indices were observed between growth stages, though the diversity index remained consistent. During the vigorous stage, fungal communities were dominated by Fusarium and Acremonium, and bacterial communities by Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium. In the mature stage, fungal communities shifted to Trametes, Penicillium, and Candida, while bacterial communities were dominated by Halomonas and Actinobacteria. Out of 52 fungal isolates, 14 showed antagonistic activity against P. nicotianae, with two isolates demonstrating over 50% inhibitory activity. Among 206 bacterial isolates, 23 exhibited antagonistic activity, with 12 showing over 60% inhibitory activity.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the variation in endophytic microbial communities with growth stages and their potential in biocontrol of P. nicotianae, providing a basis for developing new biocontrol strategies and advancing tobacco disease management technologies.
Metastatic Versus Localized Disease as Inclusion Criteria That Can Be Automatically Extracted From Randomized Controlled Trials Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Windisch Paul , Dennstädt Fabio , Koechli Carole , Förster Robert , Schröder Christina , Aebersold Daniel M. , Zwahlen Daniel R. 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Extracting inclusion and exclusion criteria in a structured, automated fashion remains a challenge to developing better search functionalities or automating systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in oncology. The question “Did this trial enroll patients with localized disease, metastatic disease, or both?” could be used to narrow down the number of potentially relevant trials when conducting a search.

METHODS
Six hundred trials from high-impact medical journals were classified depending on whether they allowed for the inclusion of patients with localized and/or metastatic disease. Five hundred trials were used to develop and validate three different models, with 100 trials being stored away for testing. The test set was also used to evaluate the performance of GPT-4o in the same task.

RESULTS
In the test set, a rule-based system using regular expressions achieved F1 scores of 0.72 for the prediction of whether the trial allowed for the inclusion of patients with localized disease and 0.77 for metastatic disease. A transformer-based machine learning (ML) model achieved F1 scores of 0.97 and 0.88, respectively. A combined approach where the rule-based system was allowed to over-rule the ML model achieved F1 scores of 0.97 and 0.89, respectively. GPT-4o achieved F1 scores of 0.87 and 0.92, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Automatic classification of cancer trials with regard to the inclusion of patients with localized and/or metastatic disease is feasible. Turning the extraction of trial criteria into classification problems could, in selected cases, improve text-mining approaches in evidence-based medicine. Increasingly large language models can reduce or eliminate the need for previous training on the task at the expense of increased computational power and, in turn, cost.
Uncovering Surgical Dynamics and Trends in Early Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: Key Insights From a Two-Decade Argentine Database Analysis
Authors: Mandó Pablo , Fabiano Verónica , Gomez Guasch Soledad , Colucci Giuliana , Sánchez-Bayona Rodrigo , Coló Federico , Loza Martín , Von Stecher Francisco , Amat Mora , de la Vega Máximo , Costanzo Maria Victoria , Nervo Adrian , Nadal Jorge , Chacón Reinaldo , Perazzo Florencia ,   RCM Database Contributors
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Breast cancer remains a major public health challenge worldwide, and understanding the trends and changes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment over time is crucial for improving patient outcomes and guiding public health strategies. The Argentine Society of Mastology has maintained a comprehensive Breast Cancer Registry that provides valuable data for analyzing these trends.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective analysis of the Breast Cancer Registry database evaluated changes in stages at the time of surgery, patterns of surgical care, and factors associated with higher stage diagnoses in patients with breast cancer in Argentina from January 2000 to December 2019.

RESULTS

Overall, 13,239 patients met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences were observed in the axillary procedure performed, with sentinel lymph node biopsy increasing from 14.9% (2000-2004) to 69.5% (2015-2019;
P
< .001). A higher proportion of in situ carcinoma was detected in the last 5-year period compared with the first (11.3%
v
9.4%;
P
= .01) and fewer patients were stage III (17.1%
v
14.2%). In multivariate analysis, postmenopausal status (odds ratio [OR], 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.80];
P
< .001), health coverage (social health insurance OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.61];
P
< .001 and private insurance OR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.42];
P
< .001), tumor grade (grade 3 OR, 2.97 [95% CI, 2.54 to 3.47];
P
< .001), and phenotype (hormone receptor-positive [HR+]/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]+ OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.70];
P
= .005; HR–/HER2+ OR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.62 to 2.83];
P
< .001; HR–/HER2– OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.19 to 1.66];
P
< .001) were associated with the risk of diagnosis at stages II-III.

CONCLUSION
Significant advances in the patterns of surgical care were identified. Numerous clinical and pathologic factors correlated with higher stage at diagnosis. However, multivariate analysis failed to show a noteworthy reduction in stage at diagnosis. This observation underscores the imperative to persistently strive to improve breast cancer care in Argentina.
Fighting Calvin and Muhammad in Wall Almanacs after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Authors: Weiss Gillian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
How and why did large-format almanac prints—a relatively understudied form of media that reached its apogee under Louis XIV—amalgamate the battle against Calvinism and Islam in the 1680s? Combining visual and textual analysis, this article suggests that royal image makers linked Muslims and Protestants to defend the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and manifest the French king's religious zeal and imperial ambition while distracting from the ahdname (capitulations) granted by the Ottoman sultan that precluded France from joining a Catholic alliance to fight the “Turkish menace.” The article also considers the differential risks of promoting Louis XIV's Islamophobic image among constituencies in Europe and around the Mediterranean.
Parenthood and Couples’ Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Bian Fei , Marx Luana , Vandecasteele Leen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although it is well established that parenthood affects employment decisions within households, less is known about how this effect varies across couple types in different countries. Using difference-in-differences analysis with propensity score matching and multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions, this study explores heterogeneity in the effect of parenthood on couples’ division of paid labor by prebirth relative earning power in different European contexts. The results show that the decline in the female share of couples’ paid working hours after parenthood is stronger in male main-earner couples than in equal-earner or female main-earner couples. Our cross-national findings demonstrate that institutional and cultural factors influence couples’ postparenthood employment arrangements, with the magnitude of these moderating effects dependent on the couple's prebirth relative earning pattern. Longer paid maternity and family leave for mothers exacerbates the parenthood effect on couples’ division of paid labor, whereas greater childcare provision weakens this effect. However, these policy impacts are observed only among male main-earner couples, which can be attributed to differences in opportunity costs and bargaining power across couple types. Egalitarian gender norms weaken the effect of parenthood on the paid labor division between partners regardless of the breadwinner couple type before childbirth.
It's about time: the heterochronic background for the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Authors: Wightman Bruce 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun “for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”. The award celebrates the discovery of small regulatory miRNAs and their mRNA targets, published over three decades ago. The groundwork for this discovery was laid during the early 1980s, when Ambros began studying mutations that caused heterochronic defects in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans − or shifts in the temporal identities of cells. A major impetus to study the heterochronic genes of C. elegans was to gain mechanistic understanding of how developmental stages are specified − a fascinating question in basic and evolutionary biology. Asking fundamental biological questions with no immediate application to human health ultimately led to the discovery of a new type of RNA, which had broad implications for understanding and treating human disease.
Elsberg syndrome – A systematic review of existing scientific literature from 2000 – 2023
Authors: Qadri Haseeb Mehmood , Pervaiz Salman , Ijaz Momin , Fatir Chaudhary Abdul , Anwar Muhammad Usama , Babar Muhammad Saad , Bashir Asif 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation, causative agents, and treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with Elsberg syndrome (ES).
Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted on the mentioned topic using PRISMA guidelines via PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Articles published between 2000 and 2023 were included using advanced search and Boolean strategy. A total of 19 case reports were included in the systematic review according to set criteria and after quality assessment.
Results: The average age at presentation was 48.9 ± 18.9 years, with a male majority of 57.9%. Lower limb sensory deficit followed by bladder dysfunction were the two most common presenting symptoms in 52.63% and 47.37% patients, respectively. Sensory loss and vesicular rash were the most frequently found signs at presentation in 36.84% and 26.32% patients, respectively. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) were the most common infectious agents found equivocally in 36.84% cases each. Complete resolution with definitive treatment was seen in 84.21% of patients. The average follow-up duration was 5.16 months.
Conclusion: ES should be considered as a differential in patients with a prior or recent history of HSV or VZV infection who present with signs and symptoms of acute lumbosacral myeloradiculopathy. Combination therapy with antimicrobials and corticosteroids has shown promising results targeting both the infectious and inflammatory aspects of the disease.
Abbreviations: SOL: Space Occupying Lesion, TM: Transverse Myelitis, MS: Multiple Sclerosis, GBS: Guillain-Barré Syndrome, NCS: Nerve Conduction Study, EMG: Electromyography, PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction, ADEM: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, anti-MOG: Anti-myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, NMO: Neuromyelitis Optica.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11105
How to cite this: Qadri HM, Pervaiz S, Ijaz M, Fatir CA, Anwar MU, Babar MS, et al. Elsberg syndrome – A systematic review of existing scientific literature from 2000 – 2023. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(12):S103-S113. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11105
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cognitive Function Tests: Application of MMSE and MoCA in Various Clinical Settings- a Brief Overview
Authors: Oleksy Piotr , Zieliński Karol , Buczkowski Bartosz , Sikora Dominik , Góralczyk Ewa , Zając Adam , Mąka Magdalena , Papież Łukasz , Kamiński Jakub 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cognitive impairment can emerge as part of aging or from conditions affecting brain function, such as stroke, brain tumors, delirium, and neurodegenerative diseases. Effective cognitive assessment in clinical practice requires brief, reliable tests that evaluate specific cognitive domains. The MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) are among the most frequently used tools for these evaluations, each offering unique insights.
Purpose of Research: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of MMSE and MoCA in diagnosing cognitive impairment and determining their suitability in various clinical settings and patient profiles.
Materials and Methods: The analysis includes 61 articles from databases such as PubMed and Scopus, identified using keywords: Neuropsychological Tests, Cognitive Function Tests, MMSE and MoCA.
Basic Results: The results indicate that MMSE, while effective for initial dementia screening, is less sensitive to mild cognitive impairment and influenced by education and age. MoCA offers higher sensitivity for MCI and early Alzheimer's stages, making it valuable as a complementary tool to MMSE.
Conclusions: Combining MMSE and MoCA assessments can enhance diagnostic accuracy across diverse clinical contexts. Each tool’s unique strengths contribute to a more comprehensive cognitive assessment approach, optimizing diagnostic strategies for specific patient needs.
Portfolio Optimization Based on Almost Second-Degree Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Luo Chunling , Chen Piao , Jaillet Patrick 
Published: November 2024

In portfolio optimization, the computational complexity of implementing almost stochastic dominance has limited its practical applications. In this study, we introduce an optimization framework aimed at identifying the optimal portfolio that outperforms a specified benchmark under almost second-degree stochastic dominance (ASSD). Our approach involves discretizing the return range and establishing both sufficient and necessary conditions for ASSD. We then propose a three-step iterative procedure: first, identifying a candidate portfolio; second, assessing its optimality; and third, refining the discretization scheme. Theoretical analysis guarantees that the portfolio identified through this iterative process improves with each iteration, ultimately converging to the optimal solution. Our empirical study, utilizing industry portfolios, demonstrates the efficacy of our approach by consistently identifying an optimal portfolio within a few iterations. Furthermore, comparative analysis against other decision criteria, such as mean-variance, second-degree stochastic dominance, and third-degree stochastic dominance, reveals that ASSD generally leads to portfolios with higher out-of-sample average excess returns but also entails increased variations and risks. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: C. Luo acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72101070] and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant LY23G010001]. P. Chen acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72401253]. P. Jaillet acknowledges financial support from the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-18-1-2122 and N00014-24-1-2470] and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-23-1-0182 and Grant FA9550-23-1-0190]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01092 .
O perfil docente no ensino médio gaúcho:
Authors: Loro Alexandre Paulo , Guimarães Jonny Alex 
Published: November 2024

Os Itinerários Formativos são o conjunto de disciplinas, projetos, oficinas, núcleos de estudo, entre outras situações de trabalho, que os estudantes poderão escolher no Ensino Médio. O artigo tem como foco os Itinerários Formativos, especificamente a trilha 14 de aprofundamento curricular de Expressão Corporal. Busca-se compreender como o perfil docente do Ensino Médio gaúcho impacta na atuação profissional na 15ª Coordenadoria Regional de Educação. No percurso metodológico, utilizou-se o método dedutivo, combinando abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Enquanto técnica de coleta de dados, empregou-se um questionário semiestruturado. Os documentos Referencial Curricular Gaúcho do Ensino Médio, Caderno de Linguagens e suas Tecnologias e Base Nacional Comum Curricular foram as fontes primárias para mapear as informações pertinentes aos perfis elucidados. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o método de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Os resultados permitem levantar questões relevantes sobre a diversidade de formações e competências dos docentes, tornando-se evidente a necessidade de um investimento mais robusto em capacitação e formação continuada.