bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation‐associated sarcoma after breast cancer in a nationwide population: Increasing risk of angiosarcoma
Authors: Salminen Samuli H. , Sampo Mika M. , Böhling Tom O. , Tuomikoski Laura , Tarkkanen Maija , Blomqvist Carl P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRadiation‐associated sarcoma (RAS) is a rare complication of radiation therapy (RT) to breast cancer (BC). This study explored RAS after RT to BC in a nationwide population‐based material. The Finnish Cancer Registry was queried for patients with BC treated during 1953‐2014 who were later diagnosed with a secondary sarcoma in 1953‐2014. Registry data, patient files, and sarcoma specimens were analyzed to confirm diagnosis and location of RAS at or close to the RT target volume. A total of 132 512 patients were diagnosed with invasive BC during the study period. A subsequent sarcoma was diagnosed in 355 patients. After exclusion, 96 RAS were identified. Angiosarcoma (AS) was the most prevalent histology in 50 (52%) of 96 patients. However, the first radiation‐associated AS was diagnosed in a patient treated for BC with breast‐conserving surgery in 1984, and thereafter, the proportion of AS continuously increased. The 5‐year sarcoma‐specific survival was 75.1% for RAS treated with a curative intent. The distribution of histologic subtypes of RAS has changed during the 60 years of this registry study. The first radiation‐associated AS was diagnosed in 1989, and presently, AS is the most common histologic subtype of RAS. It is possible that changes in BC treatment strategies are influencing the characteristics of RAS.
Ultrafine SnO2 Nanocrystals Self‐Anchored in Carbon for Stable Lithium Storage
Authors: Fu Shuting , Wu Qili , He Shiman , Tong Shengfu , Yang Xianfeng , Meng Yuying , Wu Mingmei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Dr. Mingmei Wu from the School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐Sen University (China). The cover picture shows ultrafine SnO2 nanocrystals embedded in carbon, and the material with such structure shows superior electrochemical performance, which can potentially be used in electric vehicles. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201800631.
Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nitride Frameworks through Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sun Jingwen , Phatake Ravindra , Azoulay Adi , Peng Guiming , Han Chenhui , Barrio Jesús , Xu Jingsan , Wang Xin , Shalom Menny 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new and simple synthetic route is introduced to covalently functionalize the carbon nitride (CN) framework by the implementation of halogenated phenyl groups (Cl, Br and I), which serve as a chemically reactive center, within the CN framework. The covalent modification is demonstrated here by substituting phenyl and tert‐butyl propionate onto the modified‐CN framework through Suzuki and reductive‐Heck cross‐coupling reactions, respectively. The effective functionalization leads to a facile exfoliation of the CN framework into thinner layers and greatly enhances the dispersibility in many solvents as well as the photocatalytic activity compared to the unmodified CN. The general covalent modification opens the possibility for tailor‐made design of dispersible CN materials, including their photophysical and chemical properties, toward their exploitation in many fields, such as photocatalysis, bio‐imaging, sensing, and heterogeneous catalysis.
Ammonothermal Synthesis, Optical Properties, and DFT Calculations of Mg2PN3 and Zn2PN3
Authors: Mallmann Mathias , Maak Christian , Niklaus Robin , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe phosphorus nitrides, Mg2PN3 and Zn2PN3, are wide band gap semiconductor materials with potential for application in (opto)electronics or photovoltaics. For the first time, both compounds were synthesized ammonothermally in custom‐built high‐temperature, high‐pressure autoclaves starting from P3N5 and the corresponding metals (Mg or Zn). Alkali amides (NaNH2, KNH2) were employed as ammonobasic mineralizers to increase solubility of the starting materials in supercritical ammonia through formation of reactive intermediates. Single crystals of Mg2PN3, with length up to 30 μm, were synthesized at 1070 K and 140 MPa. Zn2PN3 already decomposes at these conditions and was obtained as submicron‐sized crystallites at 800 K and 200 MPa. Both compounds crystallize in a wurtzite‐type superstructure in orthorhombic space group Cmc21, which was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction. In addition, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements of Mg2PN3 were carried out for the first time. To our knowledge, this is the first single‐crystal X‐ray study of ternary nitrides synthesized by the ammonothermal method. The band gaps of both nitrides were estimated to be 5.0 eV for Mg2PN3 and 3.7 eV for Zn2PN3 by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. DFT calculations were carried out to verify the experimental values. Furthermore, a dissolution experiment was conducted to obtain insights into the crystallization behavior of Mg2PN3.
T helper type 2 signatures in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Furue Masutaka 
Published: July 2018

AbstractT helper type 2 (Th2)‐derived cytokines, such as IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐31, play a fundamental role in the development and progression of atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition to gene mutations of filaggrin (FLG), the Th2‐deviated microenvironment downregulates FLG expression and disrupts barrier function, resulting in Staphylococcus aureus colonization and increased penetration of external allergens. From lesional AD skin, the Th2 milieu helps to release Th2‐related chemokines such as CCL17, CCL22, and CCL26, which augment recruitment of Th2 cells and eosinophils. IL‐4 and IL‐13 stimulate B cells to produce IgE that links AD to other atopic comorbidities. IL‐31 is the major pruritogenic cytokine in AD. Notably, the anti–IL‐4 receptor α antibody dupilumab and the anti–IL‐31 receptor A antibody nemolizumab have proven to be effective for treatment of AD. In the present review, Th2 signatures in AD are examined and overviewed.
An optimized imaging protocol for orofacial cleft patients
Authors: De Mulder Dries , Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula Maria , Willems Guy , Jacobs Reinhilde , Dormaar Jakob Titiaan , Verdonck Anna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective was to present an optimized imaging protocol for orofacial cleft (OFC) patients, which might be used as an international recommendation for OFC care programs. The present radiological protocol has been structured by the OFC team of the University Hospitals Leuven based on a combined approach of clinical experience and scientific evidence. The development was based on careful monitoring of the existing needs for radiological diagnosis by the involved disciplines. Needs were revised by expert consensus and radiological optimization. Effective doses were converted to panoramic equivalents (professional conversion) and background radiation (patient conversion). At the age of 6, a panoramic radiograph is taken for the evaluation of dental anomalies. For the preoperative planning of secondary alveolar bone, grafting a low‐resolution cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) of a limited field of the maxilla is taken at the age of 7 to 9. At the age of 10, 15, and 20, a low‐resolution CBCT of both jaws with the smallest possible field is taken serving as conventional, presurgical, and end of treatment records, respectively. Two‐dimensional images are reconstructed out of 3D ones. There are currently no international guidelines concerning the imaging protocol for OFC patients. It is clear that a multidisciplinary approach plays a key role in radiation hygiene. In this article, we presented an optimized imaging protocol for OFC patients based on European guidelines to accomplish the concepts of justification and optimization, which might be used as an international recommendation for OFC care programs.
The BER theoretical model and properties of SiPM‐based receiver for OOK optical communication
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Liu Lina , Zhu Changjun , Wang Anxiang , Yan Xiang'an 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe bit error rate (BER) theory of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based on‐off keying optical communication receiver, which introduces photon equivalent threshold is established. The optical crosstalk effect, the dark counts, the amplitude fluctuations of output pulses of SiPM, the baseline fluctuation, the shape of the incident light pulse, the adjacent symbol interference as well as the photon detection efficiency (PDE) are considered in the theory model. The numerical result shows that the average minimum optical power required is much smaller than that of the avalanche photodiode‐based receivers under the same conditions. The BER of SiPM‐based optical communication receiver is very sensitive to the PDE and optical crosstalk (OC) probability of SiPM. For the application of digital optical communication, a SiPM with high PDE but low OC probability and low dark count rate is a preference, under the premise that the output pulse is fast enough. For the state‐of‐the‐art SiPMs, the dark count rate is small enough to obtain adequate BER, and the OC effect is not a big limitation of the performance of SiPM‐based receiver. Moreover, the amplitude fluctuation and the baseline fluctuation of the SiPM‐based receiver are not bottlenecks of the performance in practice.
Endoscopic ultrasound FNA: An illustrated review of spindle cell neoplasms of the upper gastrointestinal tract including a novel case of gastric plexiform fibromyxoma
Authors: Rohit Maitreyi , Bhatt Amit , Cruise Michael , Wearsch Pamela A. , Goldblum John R. , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPlexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a recently‐described and rare mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastric wall. A few small case series reports of this spindle cell entity exist in the surgical pathology literature, but to our knowledge no prior endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology examples have been reported. In clinical practice, mural gastrointestinal (GI) lesions are often initially evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) fine needle aspiration (FNA). In addition, newer EUS fine needle biopsy techniques also allow for reliable retrieval of core tissue samples with intact cellular architecture, making EUS histopathologic analyses possible. We report a combined EUS FNA and core biopsy case of PF and correlate the findings with imaging results. The cytomorphology of PF is described and illustrated, and important entities in the differential diagnosis of upper GI spindle cell lesions (including GI stromal tumor, leiomyoma, schwannoma, carcinoid tumor, desmoid‐type fibromatosis, and inflammatory fibroid polyp) are reviewed. Illustrated examples of relevant cytomorphologic, cell block histomorphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics are emphasized.
Quantitative INTERSPECIMEN variability during biphasic pleural fluid cytological sampling in adenocarcinoma effusions
Authors: Michaelides Stylianos A. , Bablekos George D. , Michailidis Avgerinos‐Romanos S. , Analitis Antonis , Kapatsis Paraskevi X. , Ellina Eleni , Maounis Nicoletta 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesGiven that cytology of adenocarcinoma‐induced pleural effusions has a high diagnostic yield, we have comparatively evaluated the cytological information of smears during biphasic sampling of pleural fluid in patients with metastatic pleural adenocarcinoma from various primary sites.MethodsWe studied 25 male and 21 female patients, aged 59.4 ±17.2 years (mean ± SD) with unilateral malignant effusion of varying magnitude due to confirmed adenocarcinoma from various primary sites. At thoracocentesis we collected two 30‐ml samples of pleural fluid, the first at the very beginning of fluid aspiration (S1) and the second just before termination of fluid removal (S2) and recorded the volume of fluid aspirated between the 2 samples. Cytological smears were examined under light microscopy by 3 independent cytologists after Papanicolaou stain. Quantitative assessment of cell types was averaged among 50 visual fields for each smear.ResultsIn S1 versus S2 the mean number of mesothelial cells was 7.8 ± 4.8 versus 12.1 ± 5.4 (mean ± SD), of lymphocytes 64.6 ± 12.9 versus 85.9 ± 17.4, of neutrophils 8.5 ± 4.4 versus 11.7 ± 5.2, of eosinophils 1.5 ± 0.3 versus 1.7 ± 0.8, and the number of malignant cell aggregates(NMCA) was 11.9 ±4.9 versus 20.7 ± 5.1. The differences in numbers of all cell types including NMCA were statistically significant between S1 and S2 (P < .01). A strong significant linear association between S2/S1 ratio of NMCA and the volume of fluid aspirated between samples was also found (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.209‐0.236, P‐value < .001).ConclusionSpecimens aspirated before completion of fluid drainage are shown to contain significantly more diagnostic information than those aspirated at the beginning of fluid removal.
Glucocorticoid–environment relationships align with responses to environmental change in two co‐occurring congeners
Authors: Hammond Talisin T. , Palme Rupert , Lacey Eileen A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs more species undergo range shifts in response to climate change, it is increasingly important to understand the factors that determine an organism's realized niche. Physiological limits imposed by abiotic factors constrain the distributions of many species. Because glucocorticoids are essential to the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, identifying glucocorticoid–environment relationships may generate critical insights into both limits on species distributions and potential responses to environmental change. We explored relationships between variability in baseline glucocorticoids and sensitivity to environmental conditions in two chipmunk species characterized by divergent patterns of spatial, genetic, and morphological change over the past century. Specifically, we investigated whether the alpine chipmunk (Tamias alpinus), which has undergone pronounced changes, displays greater glucocorticoid sensitivity to environmental parameters than the lodgepole chipmunk (T. speciosus), which has exhibited little change over the same interval. From 2013 to 2015, we collected environmental data and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) samples from these species. Using generalized linear mixed models and a model averaging approach, we examined the impacts of environmental and individual phenotypic parameters on FGMs. We found pronounced interspecific differences, with environmental parameters being better predictors of FGMs in T. alpinus. FGMs in this species were particularly elevated in less climatically suitable habitats and in areas with higher maximum daily temperatures. Individual phenotypic traits were not predictive of FGMs in T. alpinus, although they were highly predictive for T. speciosus. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that T. alpinus is more sensitive to environmental change. More generally, our results suggest that both phenotypic attributes and environmental conditions contribute to FGM responses but that the relative contributions of these factors differ among taxa, including among closely related species. Finally, our analyses underscore the value of glucocorticoids as bioindicators of sensitivity to environmental change in species for which the factors affecting stress physiology have been assessed.
Lactation and resource limitation affect stress responses, thyroid hormones, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of sea otters (Enhydra lutris)
Authors: Chinn Sarah M. , Monson Daniel H. , Tinker M. Tim , Staedler Michelle M. , Crocker Daniel E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLactation is the most energetically demanding stage of reproduction in female mammals. Increased energetic allocation toward current reproduction may result in fitness costs, although the mechanisms underlying these trade‐offs are not well understood. Trade‐offs during lactation may include reduced energetic allocation to cellular maintenance, immune response, and survival and may be influenced by resource limitation. As the smallest marine mammal, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have the highest mass‐specific metabolic rate necessitating substantial energetic requirements for survival. To provide the increased energy needed for lactation, female sea otters significantly increase foraging effort, especially during late‐lactation. Caloric insufficiency during lactation is reflected in the high numbers of maternal deaths due to End‐Lactation Syndrome in the California subpopulation. We investigated the effects of lactation and resource limitation on maternal stress responses, metabolic regulation, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in two subspecies of wild sea otters (northern:E. l. nereisand southern:E. l. kenyoni) within the California, Washington, and Alaska subpopulations. Lactation and resource limitation were associated with reduced glucocorticoid responses to acute capture stress. Corticosterone release was lower in lactating otters. Cortisol release was lower under resource limitation and suppression during lactation was only evident under resource limitation. Lactation and resource limitation were associated with alterations in thyroid hormones. Immune responses and total antioxidant capacity were not reduced by lactation or resource limitation. Southern sea otters exhibited higher concentrations of antioxidants, immunoglobulins, and thyroid hormones than northern sea otters. These data provide evidence for allocation trade‐offs during reproduction and in response to nutrient limitation but suggest self‐maintenance of immune function and antioxidant defenses despite energetic constraints. Income‐breeding strategists may be especially vulnerable to the consequences of stress and modulation of thyroid function when food resources are insufficient to support successful reproduction and may come at a cost to survival, and thereby influence population trends.
Landscape genetics identifies streams and drainage infrastructure as dispersal corridors for an endangered wetland bird
Authors: van Rees Charles B. , Reed J. Michael , Wilson Robert E. , Underwood Jared G. , Sonsthagen Sarah A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic alterations to landscape structure and composition can have significant impacts on biodiversity, potentially leading to species extinctions. Population‐level impacts of landscape change are mediated by animal behaviors, in particular dispersal behavior. Little is known about the dispersal habits of rails (Rallidae) due to their cryptic behavior and tendency to occupy densely vegetated habitats. The effects of landscape structure on the movement behavior of waterbirds in general are poorly studied due to their reputation for having high dispersal abilities. We used a landscape genetic approach to test hypotheses of landscape effects on dispersal behavior of the Hawaiian gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis), an endangered subspecies endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. We created a suite of alternative resistance surfaces representing biologically plausible a priori hypotheses of how gallinules might navigate the landscape matrix and ranked these surfaces by their ability to explain observed patterns in genetic distance among 12 populations on the island of O`ahu. We modeled effective distance among wetland locations on all surfaces using both cumulative least‐cost‐path and resistance‐distance approaches and evaluated relative model performance using Mantel tests, a causal modeling approach, and the mixed‐model maximum‐likelihood population‐effects framework. Across all genetic markers, simulation methods, and model comparison metrics, surfaces that treated linear water features like streams, ditches, and canals as corridors for gallinule movement outperformed all other models. This is the first landscape genetic study on the movement behavior of any waterbird species to our knowledge. Our results indicate that lotic water features, including drainage infrastructure previously thought to be of minimal habitat value, contribute to habitat connectivity in this listed subspecies.
Heterogeneity of ecological patterns, processes, and funding of marine manipulative field experiments conducted in Southeastern Pacific coastal ecosystems
Authors: Aguilera Moisés A. , Dobringer Johanne , Petit Ignacio J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEcological manipulative experiments conducted in marine coastal ecosystems have substantially improved ecological theory during the last decades and have provided useful knowledge for the management and conservation of coastal ecosystems. Although different studies report global trends in ecological patterns worldwide, Southeastern Pacific coastal ecosystems have been poorly considered. Given that the SE Pacific coast encompasses diverse coastal ecosystems, consideration of studies conducted along this range can shed light on the heterogeneity of processes regulating coastal communities. We reviewed the biotic interactions and habitat type considered, as well as the complexity in terms of spatial and temporal extent of manipulative field experimental studies conducted along the SE Pacific coast from 0°S to 56°S (Ecuador to Chile). We test the effect of funding reported by different studies as a main factor limiting experimental complexity. From field ecological studies published from 1970 to 2016, we found that 81 studies were truly manipulative, in which one or multiple factors were “manipulated.” Around 77% of these studies were located between 21°S and 40°S, and conducted in intertidal rocky habitats. An increase in experimental studies was observed between 2010 and 2015, especially focused on herbivore–alga interactions, although we found that both the temporal extent and spatial extent of these studies have shown a decrease in recent decades. Funding grant amount reported had a positive effect on elapsed time of field experiments, but no effect was observed on spatial extent or in the biotic interactions considered. Elapsed time of experiments was different among the main biotic interactions considered, that is, herbivory, predation, and competition. We suggest that to further progress in applied ecological knowledge, it will be necessary to consider pollution and urbanization processes explicitly using a field experimental framework. This information could improve our understanding of how ecosystems present along the SE Pacific coast respond to climate change and increased levels of human interventions.
Huffaker revisited: spatial heterogeneity and the coupling of ineffective agents in biological control
Authors: Ong Theresa Wei Ying , Allen David , Vandermeer John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn a classic study, Huffaker demonstrated that abiotic forms of spatial heterogeneity could induce stability in predator–prey interactions. Recent theories suggest that space can also act to destabilize predator–prey systems and that stability can arise from coupling of unstable units. Here, using Huffaker's classic experimental design refitted with modern empirical and statistical techniques, we reassess the effect of space on predator–prey interactions when the prey are pests of agriculture and when predators must compete with pathogens for shared prey resources. Using an empirical system including aphids, ladybird beetles, and entomopathogenic fungi, we show that while two different control agents were ineffective at controlling pests in insolation, coupling them together not only improved control of the pest but also reduced the occurrence of large, spatially clustered pest outbreaks. Our results suggest that as agriculture becomes increasingly isolated and consolidated across landscapes, endogenous forms of spatial heterogeneity, which arise from interactions between diverse assemblages of control agents, may break down. We suggest that improving connectivity across landscapes is important for maintaining effective biological control in agroecosystems.