bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From ‘Vermeer Illuminated’ to ‘The Girl in the Spotlight’: approaches and methodologies for the scientific (re-)examination of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring
Authors: Vandivere Abbie , Wadum Jørgen , van den Berg Klaas Jan , van Loon Annelies ,   The Girl in the Spotlight research team
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer (c. 1665) is the most beloved painting in the collection of the Mauritshuis in The Hague, The Netherlands. The Girl was last examined during a 1994 restoration treatment, within the project Vermeer Illuminated. Conservators and scientists investigated the material composition and condition of the painting using the analytical and scientific means that were available at the time: technical photography (visible light, ultraviolet fluorescence, and infrared), X-radiography, and stereomicroscopy. To understand the build-up of the paint layers, they investigated paint samples, often mounted as cross-sections. Their results were published in the book Vermeer Illuminated (1994), and as a chapter in Vermeer Studies (1998). This paper reviews the results published in the 1990s and considers them in light of a recent research project, where new findings were made possible by advances in non-invasive imaging, chemical analysis and data science. The project The Girl in the Spotlight is a Mauritshuis initiative, and involves a team of internationally recognised specialists working within the collaborative framework of the Netherlands Institute for Conservation+Art+Science+ (NICAS), with some scientists from other institutions. In 2018, the painting was examined in front of museum visitors at the Mauritshuis. The complementary imaging techniques employed included: technical photography, multispectral infrared reflectography, reflectance and fluorescence imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral imaging), fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy, multiscale scanning optical coherence tomography, 3D scanning, 3D digital microscopy, macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction. Furthermore, the samples mounted in 1994 were re-examined, and new forms of microscopic, organic and inorganic analysis were carried out to identify the pigments and binding media. Advances in computation and data science allow the results of these techniques to be co-registered and compared, and new results to be generated. These complementary research methods have allowed the Girl in the Spotlight team to: visualise and identify materials at and beneath the surface of the painting, scan the surface topography, and examine the surface at an extremely high magnification. Ultimately, they reveal the steps Vermeer took to create the iconic image of the Girl using layers of paint and subtle optical effects. They also provide information about how the painting originally looked, and the changes that have occurred over time.
Has There Been a Shift in Use of Subacute Rehabilitation Instead of Hospice Referral Since Immunotherapy Has Become Available?
Authors: Yeh Jonathan C. , Knight Louise S. , Kane Joyce , Doberman Danielle J. , Gupta Arjun , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE: Immunotherapy has rapidly become the mainstream treatment of multiple cancer types. Since the first drug approval in 2011, we have noted a decline in referrals from inpatient oncology to hospice and an increase in referrals to subacute rehabilitation (SAR) facilities, possibly with the aim of getting strong enough for immunotherapy and other promising drugs. This study explores outcomes after discharge to SAR, including rates of cancer-directed therapy after SAR, overall survival, and hospice use. METHODS: We performed an electronic chart review of patients discharged from our inpatient oncology units to SAR facilities from 2009 to 2017. Demographics, admission statistics, and post-discharge outcomes were gathered from discharge summaries and targeted chart searches. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-eight patients were referred to SAR 413 times. One hundred seventy-four patients (49%) returned to the oncology clinic before readmission or death, and only 117 (33%) ever received additional cancer-directed treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy). Among all discharges, 28% led to readmissions within 30 days. Seventy-four patients (21%) were deceased within 30 days, only 31% of whom were referred to hospice. Palliative care involvement resulted in more frequent do not resuscitate code status, documented goals of care discussions, and electronic advance directives. CONCLUSION: A growing number of oncology inpatients are being discharged to SAR, but two thirds do not receive additional cancer therapy at any point, including a substantial fraction who are readmitted or deceased within 1 month. These data can help guide decision making and hospital discharge planning that aligns with patients’ goals of care. More clinical data are needed to predict who is most likely to benefit from SAR and proceed to further cancer therapy.
FOXO1 Negates the Cooperative Action of FOXL2C134W and SMAD3 in CYP19 Expression in HGrC1 Cells by Sequestering SMAD3
Authors: Belli Martina , Secchi Christian , Stupack Dwayne , Shimasaki Shunichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdult granulosa cell tumor (aGCT) is a rare type of ovarian cancer characterized by estrogen excess. Interestingly, only the single somatic mutation FOXL2C134W was found across virtually all aGCTs. We previously reported that FOXL2C134W stimulates CYP19 transcription synergistically with SMAD3, leading to elevated estradiol synthesis in a human granulosa cell line (HGrC1). This finding suggested a key role for FOXL2C134W in causing the typical estrogen overload in patients with aGCTs. We have now investigated the effect of FOXO1, a tumor suppressor, on CYP19 activation by FOXL2C134W in the presence of SMAD3. Intriguingly, FOXO1 antagonized the positive, synergistic effect of FOXL2C134W and SMAD3 on CYP19 transcription. Similar to FOXL2C134W, FOXO1 binds SMAD3 but not the proximal FOXL2C134W binding site (−199 bp) of the CYP19 promoter identified in our earlier studies. The results of a competitive binding assay suggested a possible underlying mechanism in which FOXO1 sequesters SMAD3 away from FOXL2C134W, thereby negating the cooperative action of FOXL2C134W and SMAD3 in inducing CYP19 expression. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the ability of FOXO1 to restore an altered CYP19 expression by FOXL2C134W and SMAD3 and provides insight as to why FOXO1 deficiency promotes GCT development in mice.
Methods of Gastric Tube Placement Verification in Neonates, Infants, and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Tian , Shen Yan , Gifford Wendy , Qin Xiu-Qun , Liu Xue-Lian , Lan Yu-Tao , Chen Ken , Harrison Denise 
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION:
The objective was to evaluate diagnostic performance of multiple methods used to assess gastric tube placement verification in neonates, infants, and children.

METHODS:
A systematic review using the methods outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy was conducted. Eight databases were searched. Studies on neonates, infants, and children in which researchers compared different methods for gastric tube placement verification with x-ray reference standard were eligible in the review.

RESULTS:
Eight studies involving 911 participants that evaluated 9 index tests for gastric tube placement verification were included. Most studies were of moderate methodological quality, and most index tests were assessed in small individual studies. pH testing with cutoff values ≤ 6 for gastric tube position confirmation was the only index test subjected to meta-analysis, with the summary sensitivity and specificity being 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.90) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.16–0.73). Other tests for gastric tube placement verification showed great variations in sensitivities and specificities.

DISCUSSION:
pH ≤ 6 is not sufficiently accurate to be recommended for gastric tube placement verification in neonates, infants, and children. Diagnostic performance of pH ≤ 4 or 5 and other methods cannot be determined because of the paucity of data and methodological variations in studies. Clinical practice related to the diagnostic tests used will continue to be dictated by local preferences and cost factors, until stronger evidence becomes available.
Head-to-Head Comparison of the Performance of 17 Risk Models for Predicting Presence of Advanced Neoplasms in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Peng Le , Balavarca Yesilda , Weigl Korbinian , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Many risk scores have been proposed to predict presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms, but a comprehensive comparison conducted in the same population is sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate and directly compare the diagnostic performance of published risk prediction models for advanced colorectal neoplasms.

METHODS:
Data were drawn from 2 cohorts of subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy in Germany, i.e., KolosSal (n = 16,195) and BliTz (n = 7,444). Absolute risks and relative risks were generated for the presence of at least 1 advanced neoplasm, taking the lowest risk group as the reference group. Performance of risk models was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared by the net reclassification improvement.

RESULTS:
The 2 cohorts included 1,917 (11.8%) and 848 (11.4%) participants with advanced neoplasm, respectively. Absolute risks were mostly between 5% and 10% among participants in the lowest risk group and between 15% and 20% among participants in the highest risk group, and relative risks mostly ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 across the risk models in both cohorts. The AUCs ranged from 0.58 to 0.65 in KolosSal and from 0.57 to 0.61 in BliTz for all risk scores. Compared to models with lower AUC, classification was significantly improved in most models with higher AUC.

DISCUSSION:
Risk models for advanced colorectal neoplasms generally yielded modest discriminatory power, despite some variation in performance between models. Future studies should evaluate the performance of these risk models in racially diverse populations and investigate possible extensions, such as combination with polygenic risk scores.
Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Experience Severe Impairment of Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Lawitz Eric J. , Reddy K. Rajender , Wai-Sun Wong Vincent , Mangia Alessandra , Muir Andrew J. , Jacobson Ira , Djedjos C. Stephen , Gaggar Anuj , Myers Robert P. , Younossi Issah , Nader Fatema , Racila Andrei 
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Although there is substantial evidence suggesting poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), similar data in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have not been fully assessed. The aim is to compare HRQL scores in patients with CHC to those with NASH.

METHODS:
Matched patients with advanced fibrosis (bridging fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis) due to CHC and NASH completed Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ), and Work Productivity and Activity Instrument questionnaire.

RESULTS:
We included 1,338 patients with NASH with advanced fibrosis (mean age 57.2 years, 47% men, 55% cirrhosis) and 1,338 matched patients with CHC. Patients with CHC and NASH had similar rates of employment and psychiatric disorders (P > 0.05). As expected, patients with NASH had higher body mass index (mean 33.7 vs 27.6) and more type 2 diabetes (74% vs 16%) (all P < 0.01). Patients with NASH had significantly lower HRQL scores related to physical health: Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Physical Summary of SF-36, and Fatigue of CLDQ (P < 0.02). By contrast, patients with CHC had a lower Mental Health score of SF-36 and Emotional score of CLDQ and reported greater impairment in daily activities as measured by the Work Productivity and Activity Instrument questionnaire (P < 0.002). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for demographic parameters, cirrhosis, and history of psychiatric disorders, having NASH was associated with lower physical HRQL scores and higher mental health–related scores (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
Patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis have more impairment of their physical health–related scores than patients with CHC with advanced fibrosis. These data should dispel the misconception that NASH is an asymptomatic disease with little negative impact on patients' well-being.
L-carnitine and Vitamin B Complex for PEG-L-asparaginase-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Arora Sumant , Klair Jagpal , Bellizzi Andrew M. , Tanaka Tomohiro 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Asparaginase is a part of combination chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We present a 58-year-old woman with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity after receiving intravenous PEG-L-asparaginase-based chemotherapy. The patient presented with hyperbilirubinemia and transaminitis. The patient was diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury due to PEG-L-asparaginase after a thorough evaluation for all other causes and received treatment with L-carnitine and vitamin B complex with normalization of liver numbers. Hepatic dysfunction was attributed to depletion of L-asparagine and glutamine, which impairs mitochondrial β-oxidation and induces steatosis. We reiterate the role of L-carnitine and vitamin B complex for the treatment of asparaginase-induced hepatotoxicity.
Mapping a Changing Field
Authors: Jørring Louise , Valentim António , Porten-Cheé Pablo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Digitalization is transforming the face of political participation. Citizens increasingly engage in politics in new and creative forms online. The concept of digital citizenship has the potential to capture the shifting role of citizens under online conditions. Yet this concept has been used inconsistently, provoking theoretical and operational shortcomings that complicate its analytical usability and may limit its academic and societal impact. This article provides a systematic review of literature on digital citizenship. Based on a review of 139 articles, we identify three dominant approaches to digital citizenship: the normative, the conditional, and the contextual. Additionally, we provide a systematization of alternative approaches to digital citizenship and discuss their potential to inform literature on this concept. Finally, we put forward a citizenship norms approach that may reconcile the different perspectives on digital citizenship. In sum, this article presents a review of the digital citizenship research and provides new avenues for the concept to be used in future research on the moving target that political participation presents under online conditions.
The Ironies of Digital Citizenship
Authors: Rahm Lina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Our everyday use of digital technologies, platforms and infrastructures is often portrayed as an autonomous technical development, guided by clever and independent innovations, rather than broad sociotechnical imaginaries that inspire parliamentary support and governance. This article will consequently shed the light on the oftenoverlooked structural and societal efforts that have historically shaped the digital citizen of today. For the past 70 years or so, non-formal adult education about computers and computing has been a key part of political ambitions to create a desirable future. Over time, digital technologies have also become a precondition for the enactment of citizenship. That is, ‘digital citizenship’ is increasingly positioned as a fundamental requirement for democratic participation. The purpose of this paper is to trace how the digital citizen, and its accompanying problems, has been construed over time, particularly through educational imaginaries. What problems is the digital citizen a solution to? Who has been presented as problematic, and who, subsequently, has become the primary target for educational solutions? What skills have been described as indispensable for the digital citizen during different periods in history? By using Sweden as a vantage point this paper provides both concrete examples as well as perspectives on transnational discourses. In focus for the study are discourses concerning non-formal adult education, in the form of awareness campaigns, social programmes and adult liberal education about computers aimed at the general citizenry, during three periods in time: the 1950s, the 1980s, and today. The contribution is a critical take on how the citizen has increasingly become connected to digital technologies, and how this convergence has at the same time created digital exclusion.
The New Media, the Youth and Renegotiation of Ethnic and Religious Identity in Nigeria
Authors: Omenugha Nelson Obinna , Duru Henry Chigozie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Among others, the new media platforms are endowed with the capacity to reach wider targets of different demographic orientation; scattered at different geographical location. They also enable interaction between people; irrespective of location, religious divide and cultural inclination; ultimately for collaboration and socialization. For a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society like Nigeria which has unfortunately endured unending ethno-religious tensions from the onset, this paper attempts to examine the extent by which the new media (particularly the social media) provide the platform for such collaboration and socialization; particularly in removing the boundaries of ideological isolations and exposing young Nigerians to differing ideological worldviews which could help them renegotiate their ethnic and religious identity; moving from bigotry to tolerance? To answer this question, this paper investigated the new media usage patterns of young Nigerians with the view to assessing how much their use habit may have exposed them to this sort of socialization. Situated within the framework of the uses and gratifications theory, the study combined survey and focus group discussion (FGD) methods. A questionnaire was issued to 400 university undergraduates while two FGD sessions were carried out with 6 discussants in each session. Results showed that the Nigerian youths’ use of new media has exposed them to contact with ethnic and religious groups different from theirs, and that new media facilitates cross-ethnic and cross-religious learning as well as ethnic and religious tolerance among the youths. Hypotheses testing showed that the more the youths use the Internet the more they will be exposed to contact with ethnic and religious groups different from theirs and that the more the youths are exposed to online contact with such groups the more they will be tolerant towards them. It was concluded that the Internet could be a strong impetus for identity negotiation and renegotiation given that it affords the space for multicultural interaction and cross-fertilization of ideas, and so could serve as a potent tool for fostering cross-cultural understanding, tolerance and harmony in a multicultural society like Nigeria. The study recommended, among others, that efforts to achieve crossethnic and cross-religious tolerance and harmony in Nigeria shouldexplore the opportunities presented by the new media in this regard. Consequently, policymakers and other concerned institutions should work towards maximizing online cross-cultural contact and learning especially among the youths.
“Going Rogue”
Authors: Gottlieb Samantha D. , Cluck Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper explores our collaborative STS and anthropological project with type 1 diabetes (T1D) hardware “hacking” communities, whose work focuses on reverse-engineering and extracting data from medical devices such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) to create do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems (APS). Rather than using these devices within their prescriptive and prescribed purposes (surveillance and treatment monitoring), these “hackers” repurpose, reinterpret, and redirect of the possibilities of medical surveillance data in order to reshape their own treatment. Through “deliberate non-compliance” (Scibilia 2017) with cliniciandeveloped treatment guidelines, T1D device hackers deliberatively engage with clinicians’ conceptions and formulations of what constitutes “good treatment” and empower themselves in discussions about the effectiveness of treatment guidelines. Their non-compliance is, however, neither negligence, as implied by the medical category of patients who fail to comply with clinical orders, nor ignorance, but a productive and creative response to their embodied expertise, living with a chronic and potentially deadly condition. Our interlocutors’ explicit connections with the free and open source software principles suggests the formation of a “recursive public” (Kelty 2008) in diabetes research and care practices, from a patient-centered “medical model” to a diverse and divergent patient-led model. The philosophical and ethical underpinnings of the open source and collaborative strategies these patients draw upon radically reshape the principles that drive the commercial health industry and government regulatory structures.
Letters from the Future
Authors: Dymet Marcin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sociologists have long used the biographical approach as a research method. Diaries, memorials and personal correspondence are treated as existing source material, which can help enrich social knowledge about the life of social groups. This can embrace different genres, for instance autobiographical novels. These, although fictional, are still grounded in the reality of an author and can be utilized as material for social analysis. The same rules apply to science fiction literature. Worlds presented in it are versions of the future or alternative realities, anchored frequently in the present time. Throughout history, authors have been using science fiction as a social and political commentary for their contemporary world. These thought experiments represent valuable material to help analyse the policies of the present and predict future forms of society in the rapidly changing world supersaturated with new technologies. In the present article, the idea of using biographical method to analyse Arctic science fiction is presented. The article explores the mutual interrelation of climate change, the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and digital citizenship in the Arctic region. Science fiction is considered from the perspective of thought experiment in which potential futures of the Arctic in relation to the three above-mentioned areas are imagined and constructed.
Formação de professores e sistemas didáticos na perspectiva histórico-cultural da atividade: panorama histórico-conceitual.
Authors: Longarezi Andréa Maturano , Silva Diva Souza 
Published: August 2019

Abrimos o Dossiê ́Formação de Professores`com uma premissa marxista para a qual se dirigem desdobramentos sobre a compreensão da formação e constituição humana no âmbito da educação escolar e que vimos aqui defender veementemente: a educação do professor é fundamental para a educação do estudante.