bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The profile of soliton molecules for integrable complex coupled Kuralay equations
Authors: Hussain Akhtar , Ibrahim Tarek F , Bashier Mnahil M , Osman Waleed M , Dawood Arafa A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on mathematically exploring the Kuralay equation, which is applicable in diverse fields, such as nonlinear optics, optical fibers, and ferromagnetic materials. This study aims to investigate various soliton solutions and analyze the integrable motion of the induced space curves. This study employs traveling wave transformation, converting the partial differential equation (PDE) into an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Soliton solutions are derived utilizing both the generalized Jacobi elliptic function expansion (JEFE) method and novel extended direct algebraic (EDA) methods. The results encompass a diverse range of soliton solutions, including double periodic waves, shock wave solutions, kink-shaped soliton solutions, solitary waves, bell-shaped solitons, and periodic wave solutions obtained using Mathematica. In contrast, the EDA method produces dark, bright, singular, combined dark-bright solitons, dark-singular combined solitons, solitary wave solutions, etc.. The visual representation of these soliton solutions is accomplished through 3D, 2D, and contour graphics with a meticulous selection of parametric values. The graphical presentation underscores the influence of these parameters on soliton propagation.
Research on multi-objective optimization torque distribution strategy for distributed drive electric vehicles based on dung beetle optimizer
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Zhang Yong , Qin Yanbin , Zhao Fengkui , Wan Maosong , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs), characterized by compact structure, efficient transmission, and flexible control, have gradually become the mainstream in the development of new energy electric vehicles. This study focuses on DDEVs and employs a hierarchical control strategy. At the upper level, a sliding mode controller is used for vehicle yaw stability control, while torque distribution is performed at the lower level. Addressing the shortcomings of conventional average and load-based distribution methods in terms of energy consumption, this paper proposes a multi-objective torque distribution strategy that optimizes tire load ratio, torque deviation, and motor energy consumption. The strategy integrates objective functions using weighting coefficients and imposes constraints based on road adhesion and motor output capabilities. To tackle this optimization problem, the Dung Beetle Optimizer (DBO) algorithm is introduced, known for its efficient global search capabilities and adaptability. By applying the DBO algorithm, the optimal torque distribution scheme under constraints is determined. Finally, through joint simulations using Carsim and Matlab/Simulink, comparative experiments are conducted under different conditions to evaluate the simulation results of average distribution, load-based distribution, and DBO multi-objective optimization distribution. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed multi-objective torque distribution strategy effectively balances tire load ratio, torque deviation, and motor energy consumption, thereby enhancing the overall performance of distributed drive electric vehicles.
Optical wave packet compression using counterpropagating Scorer beams
Authors: Zhong Wei-Ping , Belić Milivoj , Yang Zheng-Ping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the diffractive paraxial wave equation with an external potential, utilizing self-similarity and variable separation methods. The exact solution to this evolution equation, expressed through Scorer functions, gives rise to the new Scorer beams. We explore the dynamics of counterpropagating Scorer beams, as promising optical wave packets, focusing on their compression behavior. The Scorer beams are characterized by two key parameters: the attenuation factor and the initial pulse width. By appropriately adjusting these parameters, significant beam compression can be achieved. Specifically, increasing the attenuation factor enhances compression and raises pulse amplitude, while reducing the initial pulse width further amplifies these effects. Along the way, we observe interesting interference patterns of the counterpropagating Scorer beams that have never been seen before. This study introduces a novel approach to beam compression and opens new possibilities for practical applications of Scorer beams.
Identifying child growth effects of elevated pollution levels during pregnancy
Authors: Heft-Neal Sam , Philipp Heger Martin , Rathi Vaibhav , Burke Marshall 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Poor air quality is known to be one of the leading contributors to poor child health globally, and a wealth of evidence has linked pollution exposure during pregnancy to adverse birth and early-life outcomes. While there is some evidence pollution exposure during pregnancy is associated with slowed child growth, this evidence is largely limited to empirical settings in which it is difficult to disentangle the role of pollution from other co-varying factors. Here we rely on quasi-random variation in pollution conditions induced by thermal inversions to estimate the impact of pollution spikes during pregnancy on childhood stunting. We find that thermal inversions during pregnancy worsen air quality and increase the likelihood of childhood stunting, but only in places with poor baseline air quality and particularly for younger children and in lower-wealth communities. Our estimates imply that a 1  µg m−3 increase in average PM2.5 concentration during pregnancy increases the probability of stunting by an average of 4.1 percentage points (95% CI: 0.2–8.0). This translates to an 11.2% increase (95% CI: 0.6%–21.9%) in stunting risk from the sample baseline of 37% children stunted. Our results suggest that policies that limit baseline daily PM2.5 levels, particularly during seasons when thermal inversions are more frequent, have potential to generate meaningful improvements in long-run child outcomes.
High-throughput formulation of reproducible 3D cancer microenvironments for drug testing in myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rudzinska-Radecka M , Turos-Korgul L , Mukherjee D , Podszywalow-Bartnicka P , Piwocka K , Guzowski J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Leukemic microenvironment has been recognized as a factor that strongly supports the mechanisms of resistance. Therefore, targeting the microenvironment is currently one of the major directions in drug development and preclinical studies in leukemia. Despite the variety of available leukemia 3D culture models, the reproducible generation of miniaturized leukemic microenvironments, suitable for high-throughput drug testing, has remained a challenge. Here, we use droplet microfluidics to generate tens of thousands of highly monodisperse leukemic-bone marrow microenvironments within minutes. We employ gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) as a model extracellular matrix (ECM) and tune the concentration of the biopolymer, check the impact of other components of the ECM (hyaluronic acid), cell concentration and the ratio of leukemic cells to bone marrow cells within the microbeads to establish the optimal conditions for microtissue formation. We administer model kinase inhibitor, imatinib, at various concentrations to the encapsulated leukemic microtissues, and, via comparing mono- and co-culture conditions (cancer alone vs cancer-stroma), we find that the stroma–leukemia crosstalk systematically protects the encapsulated cells against the drug-induced cytotoxicity. With that we demonstrate that our system mimics the physiological stroma-dependent protection. We discuss applicability of our model to (i) studying the role of direct- or close-contact interactions between the leukemia and bone marrow cells embedded in microscale 3D ECM on the stroma-mediated protection, and (ii) high-throughput screening of anti-cancer therapeutics in personalized leukemia therapies.
Effect of scanning strategies on microstructure and wear behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Song Bin , Zhang Donghui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To study the effect of the rotating angle on microstructure and wear properties of Inconel 718 alloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) technology, parts were fabricated with two different scanning strategies (67°, 90°). The results revealed that the Inconel 718 produced by SLM with a 67° rotating angle exhibits higher surface roughness and a distinct cubic texture {100} <001>. Additionally, rotation angle of 90° will enhance grain coarsening and weaken texture strength. The influence of rotation angles on the hardness of SLMed Inconel 718 is negligible at room temperature. The wear resistance of SLMed Inconel 718 is superior at high temperatures compared to room temperature. The wear mechanisms of SLMed Inconel 718 at room temperature and high temperature are primarily governed by abrasive wear and adhesive wear, and oxidation wear, respectively. The favorable wear properties observed at the 67° rotating angle can be attributed mainly to the fine cellular structure and the triboxide layer.
Mixing thermal coherent states for precision and range enhancement in quantum thermometry
Authors: Ullah Asghar , Tahir Naseem M , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The unavoidable interaction between thermal environments and quantum systems typically leads to the degradation of quantum coherence, which can be fought against by reservoir engineering. We propose the realization of a special mixture of thermal coherent states by coupling a thermal bath with a two-level system (TLS) that is longitudinally coupled to a resonator. We find that the state of the resonator is a special mixture of two oppositely displaced thermal coherent states, whereas the TLS remains thermal. This observation is verified by evaluating the second-order correlation coefficient for the resonator state. Moreover, we reveal the potential benefits of employing the mixture of thermal coherent states of the resonator in quantum thermometry. In this context, the resonator functions as a probe to measure the unknown temperature of a bath mediated by a TLS, strategically bridging the connection between the two. Our results show that the use of an ancillary-assisted probe may enhance the precision and broaden the applicable temperature range.
A student-led approach to completion of the Practice Advancement Initiative 2030 self-assessment tool with a state affiliate in North Dakota
Authors: Johnson Madelyn J , Afifi Habiba , Meyer Amanda , Loy Maari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To efficiently complete Practice Advancement Initiative (PAI) 2030 self-assessments, students aimed to overcome completion barriers and collect data to identify areas for improvement with pharmacy practice in the state of North Dakota.

Summary
Pharmacy departments from hospitals and health systems face challenges when completing the self-assessment tool, and creativity must be kindled to develop an appropriate approach. Over the course of a 5-week advanced pharmacy practice experience rotation, 2 students generated an efficient, personal, and novel approach to completing the PAI 2030 self-assessment tool with pharmacy leaders across the state.

Conclusion
The novel student-led approach achieved a completion rate greater than the goal suggested by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists while providing the students with learning and networking opportunities. As a result, pharmacy leaders have baseline PAI 2030 self-assessment data for 26 hospitals across North Dakota, which can be used for further analysis and application.
Identification and Characterization of Acidic Degradation Products of Moxidectin Drug Substance Including Degradation Pathways Using LC, HRMS, and NMR
Authors: Huang Tyler C , Nisathar Ayesha , Rinaldi Frank 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Moxidectin is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) extensively used in various drug products within the pharmaceutical and animal health sectors. Despite its widespread use, the analytical methods prescribed by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and European Pharmacopoeia (EP, Ph. Eur.) exhibit significant limitations. These methods fail to adequately separate key impurities of (23Z)-moxidectin (EP impurity L) and 3,4-epoxy-moxidectin, potentially affecting the quality control, purity assessment, and safety of moxidectin-containing products.

Objective
The objective was to develop and validate an alternative, improved stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the identification, assay, and quantification of related substances in the moxidectin drug substance, along with the analysis of its degradation pathways.

Methods
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were employed to comprehensively examine moxidectin and its two degradation products under specified acidic conditions. The degradation products were isolated and identified using a range of analytical techniques, including HRMS, NMR, and other relevant methods.

Results
The epoxy derivative of moxidectin (relative retention time [RRT] = 1.2) was not identified under the studied acidic degradation conditions. HRMS data indicated that the degradant at RRT = 1.2 is an isomer of moxidectin, as it exhibited an identical molecular ion. Detailed NMR studies on moxidectin and its impurity at RRT-1.2 revealed differences in carbon and proton chemical shifts at positions C-22 and C-24, strongly supporting the identification of the structure as an oxime geometric isomer of moxidectin, i.e. (23Z)-moxidectin.

Conclusions
The findings revealed specific degradation products formed under acidic conditions, offering valuable insights into the chemical transformations of moxidectin. This information is crucial for assessing the drug’s stability profile and ensuring the quality and safety of moxidectin-containing products.

Highlights
The HPLC method developed in this study significantly improves on existing USP/EP methods with regard to a separation of key impurities of (23Z)-moxidectin and 3,4-epoxy-moxidectin, offering robust performance for routine analysis of bulk moxidectin API batches and stability samples in quality control (QC) laboratories.
Optical Density Assay to Determine the Sensitivity of Globisporangium and Pythium Isolates to Mefenoxam
Authors: Ilyas Umbrin , du Toit Lindsey J. , McDonald Mary Ruth 
Published: December 2024

Several species of Globisporangium and Pythium cause cavity spot of carrot. Disease management in conventional production relies primarily on application of the fungicide mefenoxam. Growers’ reports in Ontario, Canada, of severe cavity spot, even when using mefenoxam applications, suggest that mefenoxam resistance may be prevalent in pathogen populations in this region. The objectives of the study were to develop a rapid and accurate optical density (OD) assay to assess mefenoxam sensitivity of 188 isolates of Globisporangium and Pythium species collected from 13 carrot fields in Ontario from 2020 to 2023. The isolates belonged to seven species: G. intermedium, G. irregulare, G. rostratifingens, G. sylvaticum, G. ultimum, G. violae, and P. sulcatum. The OD was measured at 600 nm in broth amended with different concentrations of mefenoxam, with OD readings at nine positions per well in a 96-well plate. The OD assay was validated by comparing half maximal effective concentration values with a standard fungicide-amended agar medium assay using 20 representative isolates. There was a significant linear relationship ( R2 = 0.97, P < 0.0001) between the two assays. Of the 188 isolates tested, 24% exhibited <60% inhibition of mycelial growth at 5 μg ml–1 mefenoxam, 50% were inhibited by >60% at 5 μg ml–1, 19% were inhibited by >60% at 1 μg ml–1, and 7% were inhibited by >60% even at 0.1 μg ml–1. The OD assay proved to be efficient, rapid, and accurate for monitoring the mefenoxam sensitivity of these oomycetes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Depletion of ELMOD3 inhibits the growth and migration of gastric cancer cells by disrupting the β‐catenin signaling and the F‐actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Guo Pengli , Xu Chentong , Zhang Xuan , Feng Jinqiu , Lou Yaxin , Ye Shufang , Lv Ping , Zhu Bin , Chen Yingyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractELMOD3 (encoding ELMO domain containing 3) is a causative gene associated with human autosomal dominant nonsyndromic and progressive hearing loss. However, the role of ELMOD3 in the occurrence and development of tumors remains unknown. Herein, we observed that inactivation of ELMOD3 in gastric cancer cells significantly inhibited their proliferation, migration, and invasion, and altered cell cycle progression. A xenograft tumor model showed that knockout of ELMOD3 suppressed the tumorigenicity of BGC823 gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Further investigation demonstrated that the ELMO domain of ELMOD3 interacts with β‐catenin, which increases the levels of β‐catenin, promoting downstream target gene expression. Deletion of ELMOD3 in gastric cells decreased the β‐catenin signaling, elevated E‐cadherin levels, suppressed RAF/MEK/ERK signal pathway, and disrupted the formation of F‐actin cytoskeleton. These results led us to propose that ELMOD3 may participate in multiple biological processes in promoting the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. It exerts a positive role in the regulation of gastric cancer cell proliferation and progression. Thus, ELMOD3 was identified as a potential tumor target, which deserves further investigation.
Pediatric Medial Humeral Condyle Fractures: Classification, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: Orellana Kevin J. , Baghdadi Soroush , Buttrick Eliza , Värk Pille-Riin , Baldwin Keith , Shah Apurva S. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a classification system that describes the injury pattern of pediatric medial humeral condyle fractures and provide treatment guidelines.

Methods:
Patients less than 18 years old with medial humeral condyle fractures from 2012 to 2022 were identified. A classification system was developed based on fracture pattern and putative mechanism of injury. Type 1 fractures were characterized by a valgus/avulsion type injury while type 2 fractures were characterized by a vertical shear pattern. Each type was subdivided by amount of fragment displacement: (A) nondisplaced or minimally displaced (<2 mm) versus (B) displaced (>2 mm). Three attending orthopaedic surgeons evaluated and classified each patient’s fracture. Intrarater and inter-rater reliability was calculated with Kappa statistics.

Results:
Twenty-seven patients (16 males) with an mean age of 10.5 years were included. There were 4 type 1A, 17 type 1B, and 6 type 2B fractures with substantial agreement in inter-rater (ĸ=0.62, CI=0.45-0.78), and intrarater (mean ĸ=0.79, range=0.70-0.93) reliability analysis. Surgical treatment was performed in 25/27 patients; 4 patients underwent closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) and 21 underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Ten patients required advanced imaging to assist in surgical decision making. Both nonoperative patients had type 1A fractures. Nearly one-fourth of patients (6/27, 22%) had some functional loss of motion and poor outcomes based on Flynn’s criteria, with a Fisher exact test revealing an increased risk of functional loss of motion in skeletally mature children (P=0.02). Two patients had complications including 1 nonunion after initial nonoperative management (type 1B) and 1 patient (type 2B) required manipulation under anesthesia for postoperative stiffness.

Conclusion:
Moderate to strong inter-rater and intrarater reliability was demonstrated with the proposed classification system. Type 1A fractures are amenable to nonoperative treatment while types 1B and 2B require surgical management. Skeletally mature patients may be at greater risk of motion loss following injury.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
How Accurate and Effective Are Non–image-guided Thumb Basal Joint Injections When Performed by Experienced Fellowship-trained Hand Surgeons?
Authors: Sanchez-Navarro Gerardo E. , Rocks Madeline C. , Ayalon Omri , Paksima Nader , Hacquebord Jacques H. , Glickel Steven Z. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Corticosteroid injections are widely used for treating thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis, yet the accuracy of non–image-guided injections in expert hands is uncertain, with prior studies reporting intraarticular placement in about 60% of thumbs when performed by physicians with different levels of training. Despite their common use, there is a need to assess both the accuracy and the short-term clinical efficacy of these injections, particularly when performed without image guidance by fellowship-trained hand surgeons.

Questions/purposes
(1) What is the accuracy of thumb CMC injections performed without image guidance by fellowship-trained hand surgeons in an office setting? (2) What is the short-term efficacy of thumb CMC injections performed without image guidance?

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 33 patients with a mean ± SD age of 63 ± 12 years, 76% (25) of whom were female, with symptoms of basal joint arthritis that persisted despite conservative treatment, and we administered 1.5-mL corticosteroid injections without image guidance. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the outcomes, which included VAS, QuickDASH (Q-DASH), and Thumb Disability Examination (TDX) scores. Minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs) were defined as 0.9 points for the VAS, 18 points for Q-DASH, and 17 points for TDX.

Results
Of the 33 injections analyzed, 79% (26) were intraarticular. At 6 weeks, patients reported a mean improvement of 22 points in QuickDASH, 24 points in TDX, and 4 points in VAS scores. Importantly, 73% (24 of 33), 55% (18 of 33), and 82% (27 of 33) of the patients achieved the MCID in the patient-reported outcomes, respectively, suggesting that even without image guidance, corticosteroid injections can provide effective short-term relief for thumb CMC arthritis.

Conclusion
We found that about 79% of injections were placed intraarticularly, which was comparable with the findings of previous studies using image guidance, and provided meaningful improvements in pain and function for 6 weeks. These findings suggest that for experienced fellowship-trained hand surgeons, non–image-guided injections remain a viable option. Future studies should explore long-term outcomes and the potential role of adjunctive treatments such as antiinflammatory medications and splinting to enhance patient care.

Level of Evidence
Level II, therapeutic study.