bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anoxygenic photosynthesis and the delayed oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Ozaki Kazumi , Thompson Katharine J. , Simister Rachel L. , Crowe Sean A. , Reinhard Christopher T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis created a new niche with dramatic potential to transform energy flow through Earth’s biosphere. However, more primitive forms of photosynthesis that fix CO2 into biomass using electrons from reduced species like Fe(II) and H2 instead of water would have competed with Earth’s early oxygenic biosphere for essential nutrients. Here, we combine experimental microbiology, genomic analyses, and Earth system modeling to demonstrate that competition for light and nutrients in the surface ocean between oxygenic phototrophs and Fe(II)-oxidizing, anoxygenic photosynthesizers (photoferrotrophs) translates into diminished global photosynthetic O2 release when the ocean interior is Fe(II)-rich. These results provide a simple ecophysiological mechanism for inhibiting atmospheric oxygenation during Earth’s early history. We also find a novel positive feedback within the coupled C-P-O-Fe cycles that can lead to runaway planetary oxygenation as rising atmospheric pO2 sweeps the deep ocean of the ferrous iron substrate for photoferrotrophy.
Identification of a pro-angiogenic functional role for FSP1-positive fibroblast subtype in wound healing
Authors: Saraswati Sarika , Marrow Stephanie M. W. , Watch Lester A. , Young Pampee P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFibrosis accompanying wound healing can drive the failure of many different organs. Activated fibroblasts are the principal determinants of post-injury pathological fibrosis along with physiological repair, making them a difficult therapeutic target. Although activated fibroblasts are phenotypically heterogeneous, they are not recognized as distinct functional entities. Using mice that express GFP under the FSP1 or αSMA promoter, we characterized two non-overlapping fibroblast subtypes from mouse hearts after myocardial infarction. Here, we report the identification of FSP1-GFP+ cells as a non-pericyte, non-hematopoietic fibroblast subpopulation with a predominant pro-angiogenic role, characterized by in vitro phenotypic/cellular/ultrastructural studies and in vivo granulation tissue formation assays combined with transcriptomics and proteomics. This work identifies a fibroblast subtype that is functionally distinct from the pro-fibrotic αSMA-expressing myofibroblast subtype. Our study has the potential to shift our focus towards viewing fibroblasts as molecularly and functionally heterogeneous and provides a paradigm to approach treatment for organ fibrosis.
TNFAIP8L1 and FLT1 polymorphisms alter the susceptibility to cervical cancer amongst uyghur females in China
Authors: Han Lili , Husaiyin Sulaiya , Ma Chunhua , Wang Lin , Niyazi Mayinuer 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
TNFAIP8L1 and FLT1 play critical roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, but no in-depth studies have been carried out in cervical cancer. The present study aims to research the correlation between polymorphisms of these two genes and the risk of cervical cancer in the Uygur women. The study involved 342 cervical cancer patients and 498 healthy women. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the TNFAIP8L1 gene and the FLT1 gene were selected and genotyped. Odds ratio and 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlation between SNPs and cervical cancer risk. The alleles rs9917028-A (P=0.032), rs10426502-A (P=0.007), and rs1060555-G (P=0.026) of TNFAIP8L1 were associated with a decreased risk of cervical cancer. In the multiple genetic models, these three SNPs were also associated with the risk of cervical cancer. The stratified analysis showed that TNFAIP8L1-rs10426502, -rs1060555, and FLT1-rs9513111 were associated with a decreased risk of cervical cancer amongst people older than 43 years. Moreover, the haplotypes AG (P=0.007) and GC (P=0.026) of linkage disequilibrium block rs10426502|rs1060555 in TNFAIP8L1 were significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Our results suggested that the relationships between TNFAIP8L1 and FLT1 polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer amongst Uyghur females.
Effect of Subcutaneous Tissue on Changes in Thigh Circumference Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yoshii Ryo , Konishi Yu , Ando Daisuke , Ochiai Satoshi , Hagino Tetsuo , Dobashi Shohei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCircumference measurements have been used to estimate muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in clinical settings. Measurements of thigh circumference are affected by muscle and subcutaneous fat (SF). In fact, SF could increase over a short period. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between thigh circumference and muscle and SF following ACL reconstruction is important. This study’s primary purpose was to examine pre- and post-operative changes in thigh circumference, thigh muscles and SF CSAs in both legs. Secondary, the relationship between thigh circumference and muscle and SF CSAs was examined to demonstrate that circumference measurements could be used to detect atrophy. Quadriceps, hamstrings, and SF CSAs at 15, 10, and 5 cm proximal to the patella were measured by MRI pre- and 4 weeks postoperatively to examine how reconstruction affected those tissues in the thighs. The results showed increases in SF CSA (r=0.72 at 10 cm, r=0.67 at 15 cm) greatly affected thigh circumference in females on the surgical side. In males, increases in SF CSA (r=0.83) at 15- and 5-cm and decreases in quadriceps muscle CSA (r=0.73) at 5 cm affected thigh circumference on the surgical side. Thigh circumference measurements might not reflect actual muscle CSA in ACL patients.
Effect of External Counterpulsation on Exercise Recovery in Team Sport Athletes
Authors: Collins Ruben , McGrath Denise , Horner Katy , Eusebi Silvia , Ditroilo Massimiliano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExternal counterpulsation (ECP), an electrocardiogram-led sequential compression of lower limbs, has been recently proposed for sports recovery, but research is scant. This study examined the effects of an ECP session upon neuromuscular function (vertical jump and torque/velocity characteristics), biochemical responses (creatine kinase, cortisol, testosterone, alpha-amylase and immunoglobulin-A), and muscle soreness (visual analogue scale) following high-intensity exercise. Twenty-one male team sport athletes (age: 21.6±3.4 yrs; height: 182.7±7.3 cm; body mass: 82.7±9.3 kg) recovered from the fatiguing exercise using either ECP or rest. Data collection was conducted at three separate time points: upon arrival (Pre), post-recovery (Post), and 24 h post-recovery (24hPost). Significant main effects for time were observed for increased torque/velocity slope and for decreased isometric extension peak torque (p<0.001). Significant main effects for time were observed for increased creatine kinase, testosterone, alpha-amylase, and muscle soreness (all p<0.001). Significant interaction effects were observed at post-testing following ECP: Cortisol release and the related decline in testosterone/cortisol ratio were attenuated, and immunoglobulin-A was increased following ECP in comparison to the control (all p<0.05). Following high-intensity exercise, ECP has potentially beneficial effects upon biomarkers of recovery, without affecting the neuromuscular function.
Recommendations in Post-exercise Hypotension: Concerns, Best Practices and Interpretation
Authors: de Brito Leandro Campos , Fecchio Rafael Yokoyama , Peçanha Tiago , Lima Aluisio , Halliwill John , Forjaz Claudia Lucia de Moraes 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPost-exercise hypotension (PEH) is a clinically relevant phenomenon that has been widely investigated. However, the characteristics of study designs, such as familiarization to blood pressure measurements, duration of PEH assessments or strategies to analyze PEH present discrepancies across studies. Thus identifying key points to standardize across PEH studies is necessary to help researchers to build stronger study designs, to facilitate comparisons across studies, and to avoid misinterpretations of results. The goal of this narrative review of methods used in PEH studies was therefore to gather and find possible influencers in the characteristics of study design and strategies to analyze blood pressure. Data found in this review suggest that PEH studies should have at least two familiarization screening visits, and should assess blood pressure for at least 20 min, but preferably for 120 min, during recovery from exercise. Another important aspect is the strategy to analyze PEH, which may lead to different interpretations. This information should guide a priori study design decisions.
Functional Outcomes of Revision Osteosynthesis after Failure of Surgical Treatment of Patellar Fractures
Authors: Müller Elena Caroline , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPatellar fractures account for approximately 1% of all skeletal fractures. These fractures are rare; however, because of the crucial function of the patella in the extensor mechanism of the knee, they may lead to serious impairment. New data are revealing functional impairment remains common even with improved surgical techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcomes of patients after revision surgery in cases of secondary fracture dislocation or persistent articular incongruity. This study included 16 patients with a mean age of 51.8 years (range: 16–85 years) with a mean follow-up of 35.1 months. According to the AO/OTA classification, 15 patients had a C-type fracture, including 10 patients with C3 fracture. Thirteen patients were initially treated with tension band wiring via K-wires or cannulated screws. Revision surgery was performed because of persistent articular incongruity in five patients and secondary fracture dislocation or refracture in 11 patients. We analyzed pain (visual analog scale [0–10]), satisfaction, range of motion (ROM), Böstman's score, Lysholm's score, and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) after revision surgery and could extract follow-up data from 15 patients. Mean pain score at rest was 0.57 (range: 0–3.5) and on exertion 2.79 (range: 0–8). The measurement of the ROM of the affected knee compared with that of the opposite knee revealed complete extension. Mean flexion was 123 degrees, in the corresponding knee it was 136 degrees (p = 0.05). The mean postoperative Böstman's and Lysholm's scores were 25.11 (good, maximum: 30) and 78.67 (moderate, maximum: 100), respectively. KOOS was as follows: symptoms, 66.8 points; pain, 77.55 points; activity of daily living (ADL), 75.67 points; and quality of life, 56.25 points. The results of this study suggested that early revision surgery after failure of primary osteosynthesis with secondary anatomic reconstruction and good radiological results leads to satisfactory functional outcomes with persistent functional deficits.
On equivariant fibrations of

-CW-complexes
Authors: Gevorgyan P. S. , Jimenez R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is proved that if

is a compact Lie group, then an equivariant Serre fibration of

-CW-complexes is an equivariant Hurewicz fibration in the class of compactly generated

-spaces. In the nonequivariant setting, this result is due to Steinberger, West and Cauty. The main theorem is proved using the following key result: a

-CW-complex can be embedded as an equivariant retract in a simplicial

-complex. It is also proved that an equivariant map

of

-CW-complexes is a Hurewicz

-fibration if and only if the

-fixed point map

is a Hurewicz fibration for any closed subgroup

of

. This gives a solution to the problem of James and Segal in the case of

-CW-complexes.
Bibliography: 9 titles.
Schwann cell precursors contribute to skeletal formation during embryonic development in mice and zebrafish
Authors: Xie Meng , Kamenev Dmitrii , Kaucka Marketa , Kastriti Maria Eleni , Zhou Baoyi , Artemov Artem V. , Storer Mekayla , Fried Kaj , Adameyko Igor , Dyachuk Vyacheslav , Chagin Andrei S. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) generate numerous cell types. Here, in both mouse and zebrafish, SCPs contributed to the generation of mesenchymal, chondroprogenitor, and osteoprogenitor cells during embryonic development. These findings reveal a source of cartilage and bone cells and previously unanticipated interactions between the nervous system and skeleton during development.
Dynamic graphical models of molecular kinetics
Authors: Olsson Simon , Noé Frank 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Biomolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, can adopt a number of molecular configurations, which grow exponentially with their size. Since conformation change drives biological function, characterizing structural configurations is critical. However, exhaustively sampling an exponentially large number of states and the transitions in between these rapidly becomes difficult by explicit simulation. Here, we make significant strides toward the characterization conformations of such systems. To achieve this, we break molecular configurations into subsystems and model how the subsystems mutually affect the others’ dynamics. We show that this approach may accurately capture the molecular dynamics and systematically outperforms existing methodology by predicting unobserved molecular configurations.
Telomere shortening rate predicts species life span
Authors: Whittemore Kurt , Vera Elsa , Martínez-Nevado Eva , Sanpera Carola , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceThe exact causes of aging are still not understood, and it is unclear why some species live less than 1 d, while others can live more than 400 y. Research suggests that telomeres are related to the aging process, but a clear relationship between the life span of a species and initial telomere length has not been observed. Here, we measure the telomere lengths of a variety of different species. We find that, in fact, there is no strong correlation between the life span of a species and initial telomere length. However, we find a strong correlation between the telomere shortening rate and the life span of a species.
Characteristic disruptions of an excitable carbon cycle
Authors: Rothman Daniel H. 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceThe great environmental disruptions of the geologic past remain enigmatic. Each one results in a temporary change in the oceans’ store of carbon. Although the causes remain controversial, these changes are typically interpreted as a proportionate response to an external input of carbon. This paper suggests instead that the magnitude of many disruptions is determined not by the strength of external stressors but rather by the carbon cycle’s intrinsic dynamics. Theory and observations indicate that characteristic disruptions are excited by carbon fluxes into the oceans that exceed a threshold. Similar excitations follow influxes that are either intense and brief or weak and long-lived, as long as they exceed the threshold. Mass extinction events are associated with influxes well above the threshold.
Individual optimal step frequency during outdoor running
Authors: de Ruiter Cornelis J. , van Daal Suzanne , van Dieën Jaap H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis is the first study investigating preferred (self‐selected) step frequency (PSF) in relation to optimal step frequency (OSF) during running at different speeds outside the laboratory. OSF was defined as the SF at which heartrate (HR) showed a minimum during running at a constant speed. We aimed for a high ecological validity, which prohibits the direct measurement of oxygen consumption. HR was used as a proxy of energy cost, as has previously been validated. After a practice session, 21 experienced recreational runners (12 female) ran in an out‐and‐back manner on a straight flat tarmac lane in three main sessions: (1) 27 min at fixed comfortable speed with PSF, (2) at the same speed but with different imposed SFs (range 140–200 steps min−1) and at PSF and (3) similarly but at 15% higher speed. Runners were paced by a cyclist. Second order polynomials fitted the individual SF‐HR relations well. At comfortable speed (3.04 ± 0.28 m s−1) mean r2 was 0.81 (range: 0.40–0.99) and PSF and OSF respectively were 165 ± 8 and 171 ± 8 steps min−1 (p < .05). Both increased (p < .05) by 3 steps min−1 at the 15% higher speed. SFs were negatively (−0.66 < r < −0.49, p < .05) related to body height. From the individual SF‐HR relations we deduced that changing PSF to OSF would decrease median HR only by 0.5 beats min−1, but for two participants meaningful reductions (1–3 beats min−1) were predicted. Outdoors, experienced recreational runners ran at a PSF slightly below OSF, but for most of them, there was little to gain in terms of HR reductions by increasing their SF to OSF.
Electrically driven single-photon sources
Authors: Lin Yating , Ye Yongzheng , Fang Wei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Single-photon sources are building blocks for photonic quantum information processes. Of the many single-photon generation schemes, electrically driven single-photon sources have the advantages of realizing monolithic integration of quantum light sources and detectors without optical filtering, thus greatly simplify the integrated quantum photonic circuits. Here, we review recent advances on electrically driven single-photon sources based on solid-state quantum emitters, such as semiconductor epitaxial quantum dots, colloidal quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, molecules, and defect states in diamond, SiC and layered semiconductors. In particular, the merits and drawbacks of each system are discussed. Finally, the article is concluded by discussing the challenges that remain for electrically driven single-photon sources.
Electrically driven uniaxial stress device for tuning in situ semiconductor quantum dot symmetry and exciton emission in cryostat
Authors: Chen Hao , Dou Xiuming , Ding Kun , Sun Baoquan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Uniaxial stress is a powerful tool for tuning exciton emitting wavelength, polarization, fine-structure splitting (FSS), and the symmetry of quantum dots (QDs). Here, we present a technique for applying uniaxial stress, which enables us in situ to tune exciton optical properties at low temperature down to 15 K with high tuning precision. The design and operation of the device are described in detail. This technique provides a simple and convenient approach to tune QD structural symmetry, exciton energy and biexciton binding energy. It can be utilized for generating entangled and indistinguishable photons. Moreover, this device can be employed for tuning optical properties of thin film materials at low temperature.
Stable single photon sources in the near C-band range above 400 K
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhou Ji-Yang , Liu Zheng-Hao , Xu Jin-Shi , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The intrinsic characteristics of single photons became critical issues since the early development of quantum mechanics. Nowadays, acting as flying qubits, single photons are shown to play important roles in the quantum key distribution and quantum networks. Many different single photon sources (SPSs) have been developed. Point defects in silicon carbide (SiC) have been shown to be promising SPS candidates in the telecom range. In this work, we demonstrate a stable SPS in an epitaxial 3C-SiC with the wavelength in the near C-band range, which is very suitable for fiber communications. The observed SPSs show high single photon purity and stable fluorescence at even above 400 K. The lifetimes of the SPSs are found to be almost linearly decreased with the increase of temperature. Since the epitaxial 3C-SiC can be conveniently nanofabricated, these stable near C-band SPSs would find important applications in the integrated photonic devices.
Projections of declining fluvial sediment delivery to major deltas worldwide in response to climate change and anthropogenic stress
Authors: Dunn Frances E , Darby Stephen E , Nicholls Robert J , Cohen Sagy , Zarfl Christiane , Fekete Balázs M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Deltas are resource rich, low-lying areas where vulnerability to flooding is exacerbated by natural and anthropogenically induced subsidence and geocentric sea-level rise, threatening the large populations often found in these settings. Delta ‘drowning’ is potentially offset by deposition of sediment on the delta surface, making the delivery of fluvial sediment to the delta a key balancing control in offsetting relative sea-level rise, provided that sediment can be dispersed across the subaerial delta. Here we analyse projected changes in fluvial sediment flux over the 21st century to 47 of the world’s major deltas under 12 environmental change scenarios. The 12 scenarios were constructed using four climate pathways (Representative Concentration Pathways 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5), three socioeconomic pathways (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1, 2 and 3), and one reservoir construction timeline. A majority (33/47) of the investigated deltas are projected to experience reductions in sediment flux by the end of the century, when considering the average of the scenarios, with mean and maximum declines of 38% and 83%, respectively, between 1990–2019 and 2070–2099. These declines are driven by the effects of anthropogenic activities (changing land management practices and dam construction) overwhelming the effects of future climate change. The results frame the extent and magnitude of future sustainability of major global deltas. They highlight the consequences of direct (e.g. damming) and indirect (e.g. climate change) alteration of fluvial sediment flux dynamics and stress the need for further in-depth analysis for individual deltas to aid in developing appropriate management measures.
The contribution of carbon dioxide emissions from the aviation sector to future climate change
Authors: Terrenoire E , Hauglustaine D A , Gasser T , Penanhoat O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The compact Earth system model OSCARv2.2 is used to assess the climate impact of present and future civil aviation carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The impact of aviation CO2 on future climate is quantified over the 1940–2050 period, extending some simulations to 2100 and using different aviation CO2 emission scenarios and two background Representative Concentrations Pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP6.0) for other emission sectors. Several aviation scenarios including weak to strong mitigation options are considered with emissions ranging from 386 MtCO2/year (Factor 2 scenario) to 2338 MtCO2/year (ICAO based scenario) in 2050. As a reference, in 2000, the calculated impact of aviation CO2 emissions is 9.1 ± 2 mK (0.8% of the total anthropogenic warming associated to fossil fuel emissions). In 2050, on a climate trajectory in line with the Paris Agreement limiting the global warming below 2 °C (RCP2.6), the impact of the aviation CO2 emissions ranges from 26 ± 2 mK (1.4% of the total anthropogenic warming associated to fossil fuel emissions) for an ambitious mitigation strategy scenario (Factor 2) to 39 ± 4 mK (2.0% of the total anthropogenic warming associated to fossil fuel emissions) for the least ambitious mitigation scenario of the study (ICAO based). On the longer term, if no significant emission mitigation is implemented for the aviation sector, the associated warming could further increase and reach a value of 99.5 mK ± 20 mK in 2100 (ICAO based), which corresponds to 5.2% of the total anthropogenic warming under RCP2.6. The contribution of CO2 is estimated to represent 36%–51% of the total aviation radiative forcing of climate including short-term climate forcers. However, due to its long residence time in the atmosphere, aviation CO2 will have a major contribution on decadal time scales. These additional short-terms forcers are subject to large uncertainties and will be analysed in forthcoming studies.