bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commodity Fetishism Again. Labour, Subjectivity and Commodities in “Supply Chains Capitalism”
Authors: Redini Veronica 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this essay is to reconnect Marx’s analysis of commodity fetishism and the use that he makes of this anthropological category with a general critique of global capitalist relationships. Based on Marx's anthropological insights into the concept of fetishism, it explores the political relationship between labour, subjectivity and commodities in supply chains capitalism. For this purpose, it empirically examines the materials of ethnographic research on the production of Italian companies that produce in an Eastern European country (Romania) and then sell mainly to countries in Western Europe. In this way, the spatial separation between the places where the investments are made (production) and those where profits are generated (market) becomes very clearcut, just like the alienating division between people and the products of their work. In the light of the Marxian analysis of the commodity form, this detachment will be analysed in a fragment of the productive, organisational and social mosaic of contemporary capitalism.
Sensational Interfaces and the Aesthetics of Space Apps
Authors: Crouch David , Damjanov Katarina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
As the momentum of space exploration unfolds, our planetary exterior is increasingly transformed into a site of capitalist production and destruction. Grounded within infrastructures, processes and practices of mediation, our technological acquisition of space is also entwined back into the ambits of global media cultures down on Earth. The currents of this enculturation are indexed by the upsurge and emerging variety of “space apps” which use techno-scientific data and creative visualisation to offer assorted digital experiences of outer space-from maps and tours of planets, stars and galaxies, to real-time observation of celestial events and phenomena. To provide some measure of this inclination, we consider the ways in which these apps sculpt our collective techno-aesthetic relations with extraplanetary space. Framing their digital renderings as the sensational interface of capitalism, we suggest that they offer a glimpse into the ongoing manipulations of economies of attention and the appropriations of affect that undergird its high-tech progress in the space age.
Moderating Effect of Environmental Dynamism on the Relationship between a Firm’s Entrepreneurial Orientation and Financial Performance
Authors: Tajeddini Kayhan , Mueller Stephen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance has been the focus of numerous empirical studies over the past decade. The conclusions and findings reported are diverse and often conflicting. One possible explanation for mixed findings is that past studies do not take into account the dynamic nature of the industry environment. Using a sample of 192 Swiss firms from several different industries, this study examines the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on financial firm performance along with the moderating effect of a dynamic environment on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Results of this study suggest that for firms competing in a highly dynamic environment, the positive effect of an entrepreneurial orientation on financial performance is enhanced.
Through the prototypes of through: A corpus-based cognitive analysis
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle , McMichael Andrew 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper empirically tests a number of criteria proposed in the literature to identify the prototype of a linguistic category in order to see how they compare with each other - and what this can tell us about the concept of prototypicality. The item under investigation is through, and the starting point is an intuition-based definition of prototypical through. The different criteria are frequency of use, ease of elicitation, historical origin, patterns in L1 acquisition and patterns in L2 use. All instances of through retrieved for testing each of these criteria are classified according to a taxonomy couched in Construction Grammar terms. The findings confirm the special status of the intuition-based prototype of through (the [X moves through Y] construction) according to some of the criteria, but also reveal divergent results, in particular a central use of the instrumental prepositional phrase with through. Conclusions are drawn about the theoretical concept of prototypicality and its possible multi-faceted nature, and more generally about the place of empirical evidence in Cognitive Linguistics.
Cauchy problems involving a Hadamard-type fractional derivative
Authors: Kamocki Rafał 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate some Cauchy problems involving a left-sided Hadamard-type fractional derivative. A theorem on the existence of a unique solution to a nonlinear problem is proved. The main result is obtained using a fixed point theorem due to Banach, as well as the Bielecki norm. A Cauchy formula for the solution of the linear problem is derived.
(Un)civil society in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Readiness to commit violence and the ethnicization of society
Authors: Kustura Mensur , Šabani Lana , Knežević Kristina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The collapse of institutional and state structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina has rendered the populace unprotected in financial, social, and legal terms and pushed it, under the aegis of local ethnocracies, into personal or local ethnic networks. The text examines identity issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the particular emphasis on ethnic divisions and the lack of civic values.
Liquid chromatography: Current applications in Heritage Science and recent developments
Authors: Degano Ilaria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLiquid chromatography has been widely employed in the analysis of materials in Heritage Science, due to its ease of use and relatively low-cost, starting from thin layer chromatography of organic binders in paintings, of archaeological waxes and resins, and finally of natural dyes. High performance systems employing analytical columns containing packed stationary phases gradually supplanted thin layer chromatography (TLC) in the field, since the separation, detection and quantitation of specific species contained in a sample in the field of Cultural Heritage requires selective, sensitive and reliable methods, allowing for analysing a wide range of samples, in terms of analyte types and concentration range. Today, the main applications of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in this field are related to the separation and detection of dyestuffs in archaeological materials and paint samples by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with suitable detectors. Proteomics and lipidomics are also gaining momentum in the last decade, thanks to the increased availability of instrumentation and procedures. In this chapter, principles and theory of liquid chromatography will be presented. A short review of the instrumentation needed to perform an analysis will be provided and some general principles of sample preparation revised. More details on the detection systems, the chromatographic set-ups and specific sample treatment strategies will be provided in the individual sections dedicated to the applications to Heritage Science of the main types of liquid chromatographic techniques. In particular, the applications of thin layer chromatography will be shortly described in paragraph 4.1. The applications of Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) will be discussed in detail in paragraph 4.2, including the analysis of natural and synthetic dyes and pigments and the profiling of lipid materials. The possibility to perform proteomic analysis will be presented and a link to the relevant Chapter in this book provided. The most important and promising applications of ion exchange chromatography (IC) will be discussed in paragraph 4.3. Finally, size exclusion and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) will be presented in paragraph 4.4, including applications to the study of polymeric network formation in paint binders, of the phenomena related to the depolymerisation of cellulose in paper and of cellulose and lignin in wood samples. The possibility to study synthetic polymers as artists’ materials and restorers’ tools by size exclusion (SEC) or gel permeation (GPC) will also be introduced. In the conclusions, future perspectives of liquid chromatography in Heritage Science will be briefly discussed.
Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit/Krankheit: Zwei Forschungslinien
Authors: Geyer Siegfried 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten sind sowohl in nationalen als auch in internationalen Studien ein robuster empirischer Befund. Als Merkmale sozialer Differenzierung werden Schulbildung, Berufsposition und Einkommen verwendet, zusätzlich werden Effekte des Vermögens betrachtet. Neuere europäische Studien zeigen, dass sich gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten vor dem Hintergrund verbesserter Bevölkerungsgesundheit eher vergrößert als verkleinert haben. Ein neuer und interdisziplinärer Zweig der Forschung beschäftigt sich mit frühen Einflüssen sozialer Faktoren auf die Gesundheit im frühen und mittleren Lebensalter. In diesem Bereich sind in den kommenden Jahren die meisten Fortschritte zu erwarten.
New Method of Monitoring Tunnel Feet-Lock Pipe (TFP) Mechanics Using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)
Authors: Luo Yanbin , Diao Pengsheng , Chen Jianxun , Li Dong , Guo Yalong , Qiao Xiong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Tunnel feet-lock pipe (TFP) is one of the most effective measures used to control tunnel settlement and is widely used in tunneling with soft ground or weak rock mass. Mechanical analysis is an important method to optimize TFP design and construction, and its results can be used to evaluate the structural stability of the tunnel. Although the traditional direct resistance method (DRM) can measure the mechanics of TFP, it is not suitable for harsh environments (humid environments, chemical etching, and electromagnetic field noise) or long-term monitoring. In this article, a method to measure the mechanics of TFP by using Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed. The strain and bending of TFP monitored by FBG is used to analyze the mechanics of TFP. In order to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the FBG method to measure the mechanics of TFP, an experimental scheme was designed to compare DRM and theoretical analysis. A supporting device and loading device were developed for the experimental scheme. Compared with the theoretical value, the error of strain and bending measured by FBG was stable within 5 με, the error of strain measured by DRM was approximately 15 με or even 20–30 με, and the error of bending measured by DRM was 10–15 με or even 25 με. Therefore, the precision of measuring the mechanics of TFP by using FBG is higher than by using DRM.
Creep Failure of Concrete under High Stress
Authors: Tang Can , Zheng Wenzhong , Wang Ying 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Creep failure is due to the interconnection of microcracks in concrete when the material is placed under continual high stress. High-stress creep failure is a rarely researched phenomenon and currently lacks mathematical explanation. Previous investigations of high-stress creep failure in concrete from around the world have shown that shorter product duration and smaller creep strain are correlated to higher stress levels, while the loading age and concrete strength had little effect on high-stress creep failure. In addition, critical stress levels were not found to be dependent on loading age or concrete strength. The investigated critical stress level, η = σ/fc, varied from 0.75 to 0.8, with a recommended level of 0.76. This article investigates the relationships among stress level, failure time, and failure strain analyzed from 175 reports collected from around the world. Additionally, we propose a quantitative high-stress creep failure law.
Arqueometria e o sítio arqueológico Pedra do Cantagalo I: uma estratégia de investigação como modelo para a América do Sul
Authors: Cavalcante Luis Carlos Duarte 
Published: November 2018

A Pedra do Cantagalo I é um sítio arqueológico localizado na área rural do município de Piripiri, estado do Piauí, Brasil. Consiste em um abrigo sob-rocha arenítica, cujas saliências e reentrâncias estão decoradas com mais de 1.950 pinturas rupestres representando figuras abstratas, propulsores de dardos, carimbos de mãos humanas, antropomorfos e zoomorfos, realizados em padrões policromáticos. Além da elevada densidade de inscrições pré-históricas e da policromia, esse sítio também se destaca pela recorrência dos motivos pintados e pela sobreposição deles entre si. Nos sedimentos superficiais foram encontrados fragmentos cerâmicos, líticos e ocres. Carvões residuais encontrados em fogueiras bem estruturadas, evidenciadas em recentes escavações neste abrigo, foram datados pelo método do 14C como sendo de 1.180 ± 30 anos antes do presente; em estratigrafia também foram evidenciados materiais cerâmicos, líticos e ocres vermelhos e amarelos. Neste artigo são reportadas as estratégias analíticas de campo e de laboratório utilizadas na investigação desse importante sítio arqueológico e dos testemunhos de atividade humana pré-histórica nele existentes ou dele coletados. Os exames físicos, a caracterização químico-mineralógica dos materiais, o monitoramento das condições ambientais e as prospecções no entorno foram primordiais. Abstract: Pedra do Cantagalo I is an archaeological site located in the rural area of the municipality of Piripiri, Piauí state, Brazil. It consists of a sandstone shelter decorated with more than 1,950 rupestrian paintings representing abstract figures, spear-throwers, human handprints, and anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures in polychromatic patterns. In addition to the high density of prehistoric inscriptions and polychrome paintings, this site also stands out due to the recurrence of painted motifs and to the overlapping of the paintings. Ceramic materials, lithics, and ochres were found in the sediments. Residual charcoals found in remnants of well-structured hearths, as recently evidenced from excavations in this shelter were AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) 14C-dated as being from 1,180 ± 30 years before present; in stratigraphy, ceramic materials, lithics, and red and yellow ochres were also evidenced. In this paper, the field and laboratory analytical strategies used in the investigation of this important archaeological site are reports as well as the evidence of prehistoric human activity contained within or collected from the site. The investigative techniques included physical examinations of the site, chemical-mineralogical characterization of the materials, monitoring of the environmental conditions and prospections in nearby areas.
Conditional Knock-out of mGluR5 from Astrocytes during Epilepsy Development Impairs High-Frequency Glutamate Uptake
Authors: Umpierre Anthony D. , West Peter J. , White John A. , Wilcox Karen S. 
Published: November 2018

Astrocyte expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is consistently observed in resected tissue from patients with epilepsy and is equally prevalent in animal models of epilepsy. However, little is known about the functional signaling properties or downstream consequences of astrocyte mGluR5 activation during epilepsy development. In the rodent brain, astrocyte mGluR5 expression is developmentally regulated and confined in expression/function to the first weeks of life, with similar observations made in human control tissue. Herein, we demonstrate that mGluR5 expression and function dramatically increase in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Interestingly, in both male and female mice, mGluR5 function persists in the astrocyte throughout the process of epileptogenesis following status epilepticus. However, mGluR5 expression and function are transient in animals that do not develop epilepsy over an equivalent time period, suggesting that patterns of mGluR5 expression may signify continuing epilepsy development or its resolution. We demonstrate that, during epileptogenesis, astrocytes reacquire mGluR5-dependent calcium transients following agonist application or synaptic glutamate release, a feature of astrocyte-neuron communication absent since early development. Finally, we find that the selective and conditional knock-out of mGluR5 signaling from astrocytes during epilepsy development slows the rate of glutamate clearance through astrocyte glutamate transporters under high-frequency stimulation conditions, a feature that suggests astrocyte mGluR5 expression during epileptogenesis may recapitulate earlier developmental roles in regulating glutamate transporter function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn development, astrocyte mGluR5 signaling plays a critical role in regulating structural and functional interactions between astrocytes and neurons at the tripartite synapse. Notably, mGluR5 signaling is a positive regulator of astrocyte glutamate transporter expression and function, an essential component of excitatory signaling regulation in hippocampus. After early development, astrocyte mGluR5 expression is downregulated, but reemerges in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) development and patient epilepsy samples. We explored the hypothesis that astrocyte mGluR5 reemergence recapitulates earlier developmental roles during TLE acquisition. Our work demonstrates that astrocytes with mGluR5 signaling during TLE development perform faster glutamate uptake in hippocampus, revealing a previously unexplored role for astrocyte mGluR5 signaling in hypersynchronous pathology.
Modulator-Gated, SUMOylation-Mediated, Activity-Dependent Regulation of Ionic Current Densities Contributes to Short-Term Activity Homeostasis
Authors: Parker Anna R. , Forster Lori A. , Baro Deborah J. 
Published: November 2018

Neurons operate within defined activity limits, and feedback control mechanisms dynamically tune ionic currents to maintain this optimal range. This study describes a novel, rapid feedback mechanism that uses SUMOylation to continuously adjust ionic current densities according to changes in activity. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a peptide that can be post-translationally conjugated to ion channels to influence their surface expression and biophysical properties. Neuronal activity can regulate the extent of protein SUMOylation. This study on the single, unambiguously identifiable lateral pyloric neuron (LP), a component of the pyloric network in the stomatogastric nervous system of male and female spiny lobsters (Panulirus interruptus), focused on dynamic SUMOylation in the context of activity homeostasis. There were four major findings: First, neuronal activity adjusted the balance between SUMO conjugation and deconjugation to continuously and bidirectionally fine-tune the densities of two opposing conductances: the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) and the transient potassium current (IA). Second, tonic 5 nmdopamine (DA) gated activity-dependent SUMOylation to permit and prevent activity-dependent regulation of Ihand IA, respectively. Third, DA-gated, activity-dependent SUMOylation contributed to a feedback mechanism that restored the timing and duration of LP activity during prolonged modulation by 5 μmDA, which initially altered these and other activity features. Fourth, DA modulatory and metamoduatory (gating) effects were tailored to simultaneously alter and stabilize neuronal output. Our findings suggest that modulatory tone may select a subset of rapid activity-dependent mechanisms from a larger menu to achieve homeostasis under varying conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPost-translational SUMOylation of ion channel subunits controls their interactions. When subunit SUMOylation is dysregulated, conductance densities mediated by the channels are distorted, leading to nervous system disorders, such as seizures and chronic pain. Regulation of ion channel SUMOylation is poorly understood. This study demonstrated that neuronal activity can regulate SUMOylation to reconfigure ionic current densities over minutes, and this regulation was gated by tonic nanomolar dopamine. Dynamic SUMOylation was necessary to maintain specific aspects of neuronal output while the neuron was being modulated by high (5 μm) concentrations of dopamine, suggesting that the gating function may ensure neuronal homeostasis during extrinsic modulation of a circuit.
Claudin-1-Dependent Destabilization of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Sladojevic Nikola , Stamatovic Svetlana M. , Johnson Allison M. , Choi Jennifer , Hu Anna , Dithmer Sophie , Blasig Ingolf E. , Keep Richard F. , Andjelkovic Anuska V. 
Published: November 2018

Recent evidence suggests that blood–brain barrier (BBB) recovery and reestablishment of BBB impermeability after stroke is incomplete. This could influence stroke recovery, increase the risk of repeat stroke, and be a solid substrate for developing vascular dementia. Although accumulating evidence has defined morphological alterations and underlying mechanisms of tight junction (TJ) changes during BBB breakdown in acute stroke, very little is known about the type of alterations and mechanisms in BBB “leakage“ found subacutely or chronically. The current study examined BBB structural alterations during the “BBB leakage” associated with the chronic phase of stroke in male mice and both genders of humans. We found significant upregulation of claudin-1 mRNA and protein, a nonspecific claudin for blood vessels, and downregulation in claudin-5 expression. Morphological and biochemical as well as fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis of postischemic brain endothelial cells and cells overexpressing claudin-1 indicated that newly synthesized claudin-1 was present on the cell membrane (∼45%), was incorporated into the TJ complex with established interaction with zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and was building homophiliccis- andtrans-interactions. The appearance of claudin-1 in the TJ complex reduced claudin-5 strands (homophilic claudin-5cis- andtrans-interactions) and claudin-5/ZO-1 interaction affecting claudin-5 incorporation into the TJ complex. Moreover, claudin-1 induction was associated with an endothelial proinflammatory phenotype. Targeting claudin-1 with a specific C1C2 peptide improved brain endothelial barrier permeability and functional recovery in chronic stroke condition. This study highlights a potential “defect” in postischemic barrier formation that may underlie prolonged vessel leakiness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough rarely expressed at the normal blood–brain barrier (BBB), claudin-1 is expressed in pathological conditions. Analyzing poststroke human and mouse blood microvessels we have identified that claudin-1 is highly expressed in leaky brain microvessels. Our results reveal that claudin-1 is incorporated in BBB tight junction complex, impeding BBB recovery and causing BBB leakiness during poststroke recovery. Targeting claudin-1 with a claudin-1 peptide improves brain endothelial barrier permeability and consequently functional neurological recovery after stroke.