bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphomic Malnutrition Score: A Standardized Screening Tool for Severe Malnutrition in Adults
Authors: Lee Christopher , Raymond Erica , Derstine Brian A. , Glazer Joshua M. , Goulson Rebecca , Rajasekaran Avinash , Cherry‐Bukowiec Jill , Su Grace L. , Wang Stewart C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundGranular diagnostic criteria for adult malnutrition are lacking.ObjectiveThis study uses analytic morphomics to define the Morphomic Malnutrition Score (MMS), a robust screening tool for severe malnutrition.MethodsThe study population (n = 643) consisted of 2 cohorts: 1) 124 emergency department patients diagnosed with severe malnutrition by a registered dietitian (RD) and an available computed tomography (CT) scan within 2 days of RD evaluation, and 2) 519 adult kidney donor candidates to represent a healthy cohort. Body composition markers of muscle area and abdominal adiposity were measured from patient CT scans using analytic morphomic assessment, and then converted to sex‐ and age‐adjusted percentiles using the Reference Analytic Morphomics Population (RAMP). RAMP consists of 6000 patients chosen to be representative of the general population. The combined cohort was then randomly divided into training (n = 453) and validation (n = 190) sets. MMS was derived using logistic regression. The model coefficients were transformed into a score, normalized from 0 to 10 (10 = most severe).ResultsSeverely malnourished patients had lower amounts of muscle and fat than kidney donors, specifically for dorsal muscle group area at the twelfth thoracic vertebral level (P < 0.001), psoas muscle area at the fourth lumbar vertebral level (P < 0.001), and subcutaneous fat area at the third lumbar vertebral level (P < 0.001)—all parameters in MMS. MMS for severely malnourished patients was higher than kidney donors (7.7 ± 2.2 vs 3.8 ± 2.0, respectively; P‐value < 0.001). An MMS > 6.1 was accurate in determining nutrition diagnosis (82.1% sensitivity; 88.3% specificity; 85.2% balanced accuracy).ConclusionsMMS provides an evidence‐based, granular assessment to distinguish severely malnourished adults from a healthy population.
Active matrix field sequential color electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal for high resolution displays
Authors: Shi Liangyu , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Cheung Alex , Hsieh Chia‐Ting , Hung Ching‐Lang , Lin Ching‐Hsiang , Lin Ching‐Huan , Sugiura Norio , Kuo Chia‐Wei , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, we disclose a 3‐inch 250ppi active matrix field sequential color (FSC) display based on electrically suppressed ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC). ESHFLC's ultra‐fast response time (~10 μs at 6.67 V/μm) enables the display resolution to be tripled via FSC technique. The photo‐alignment technology provides ESHFLC with optimal anchoring energy that contributes to a high contrast ratio over 10 K:1 on single pixel level measurement. A specific 3T1C pixel circuit is designed to generate continuous gray scale from FLC binary switching by utilizing the pulse width modulation concept. The low temperature poly silicon thin‐film transistor array has been used to fabricate the FSC ESHFLC display panel. We achieved an 8‐bit gray level for each color subframe, that is, R, G, and B colors that results in 24‐bit color images. We believe, because of the good optical quality and cost‐effective fabrication, this display may replace in‐plane switching or fringe‐field switching in the near future for the portable device market. Moreover, high resolution FSC ESHFLCs can find applications in the emerging virtual reality displays.
Adults with Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, and Opioid Use Disorder: The Effectiveness of Modified Prolonged Exposure
Authors: Peck Kelly R. , Schumacher Julie A. , Stasiewicz Paul R. , Coffey Scott F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOpioid use disorders (OUDs) are a growing problem in the United States. When OUDs co‐occur with problematic drinking and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), negative drug‐related mental and physical health outcomes may be exacerbated. Thus, it is important to establish whether PTSD treatments with established efficacy for dually diagnosed individuals also demonstrate efficacy in individuals who engage in problematic drinking and concurrent opioid misuse. Adults who met DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for PTSD and alcohol dependence were recruited from a substance use treatment facility and were randomly assigned to receive either modified prolonged exposure (mPE) therapy for PTSD or a non‐trauma‐focused comparison treatment. Compared to adults in a non‐OUD comparison group (n = 74), adults with OUD (n = 52) were younger, reported more cravings for alcohol, were more likely to use amphetamines and sedatives, were hospitalized more frequently for drug‐ and alcohol‐related problems, and suffered from more severe PTSD symptomatology, depressive symptoms, and anxiety, standardized mean differences = 0.36–1.81. For participants with OUD, mPE was associated with large reductions in PTSD symptomatology, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, ds = 1.08–2.56. Moreover, participants with OUD reported decreases in alcohol cravings that were significantly greater than those reported by the non‐OUD comparison group, F(1, 71.42) = 6.37, p = .014. Overall, our findings support the efficacy of mPE for PTSD among individuals who engage in problematic drinking and concurrent opioid misuse, despite severe baseline symptoms.
In the eye of the beholder: Reconciling interpretations of forest landscape restoration
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough forest restoration is not a new concept, it has recently gained in popularity. Forest landscape restoration (FLR) in particular may be said to have acted as an ambassador for the wider restoration cause. Yet how different communities and disciplines interpret this complex term has implications for their implementation decisions. Although the term FLR is used widely, it signifies different things to different people. Ambiguity may prove to be both an asset and a liability. The objective of this article is to understand how different disciplines interpret FLR. I first review the diversity of terms and definitions related to the broad concept of restoration and then identify the interpretations different groups make of the term ‘forest landscape restoration’. Five constructs are proposed based on these interpretations. The ultimate aim is to facilitate FLR implementation by raising awareness among practitioners and policymakers of the variety of interpretations of FLR, associated with different disciplines and communities of practice, and to facilitate the identification of common ground so that implementation can proceed. I conclude that there are significant divergences on the objectives of the term FLR and propose opportunities for collaboration, including through the sustainable development goals, to scale up restoration in the face of such divergences.
Effect of Melt‐Memory on the Crystal Polymorphism in Molded Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Gohn Anne M. , Rhoades Alicyn M. , Okonski David , Androsch René 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe influence of γ‐quinacridone as a β‐crystal nucleating agent in injection molded isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is discussed. Samples are injection molded and characterized via polarized‐light optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Mold‐filling simulation is used to understand the shear and cooling processes during sample preparation. The cooling rate associated with the quench near the mold wall is estimated to be greater than 600 K s−1 using simulation, confirming previous studies that β‐crystal growth is not supported at that cooling rate. The non‐nucleated samples form β‐crystals at a distance of 100–300 µm from the skin and in the core of the sample, which is not expected based on quiescent cooling data. Since the mold‐filling simulation does not predict shear in the core, the formation of the β‐crystals formed in this region is attributed to shear‐induced crystallization effects in the injection unit of the molding machine that are not modeled in flow simulation, as they are typically excluded from any molding simulation analysis. This “melt‐memory” effect has shown to be significant, and it is suggested that the prediction of final properties of injection moldings requires understanding and knowledge of the entire shear history of the material including that of the injection unit.
Functional Carbon Nanofibers with Semi‐Embedded Titanium Oxide Particles via Electrospinning
Authors: Chang Guoqing , Ullah Wajid , Hu Yunfeng , Lin Liwei , Wang Xu , Li Chang‐Zhi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe formulation of optoelectronic components into 1D nanostructures allows the promotion of new materials with multifunctionalities. In this work, it is demonstrated that new synthesis of photocatalytic carbon nanofiber decorated with semi‐embedded titanium oxide (TiO2), namely, TiO2@carbon fiber, is conveniently accessed through the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile polymer and TiO2 particle comixture, and then followed by photon‐activated self‐erosion to expose the embedded TiO2 and carbonization. The hybrid nanofibers are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activities of the resultant fibers are tested with photodegradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution, which reveals that the carbon nanofiber with semi‐embedded TiO2 drastically improved catalytic efficiency and recyclability, comparing to those fibers without or with embedded TiO2.
Degradable Polymers and Nanoparticles Built from Salicylic Acid
Authors: Akkad Saeed , Serpell Christopher J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs more evidence emerges supporting the possibility that nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, especially aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid), might have a role in the prevention and management of certain types of cancer, there have been several attempts to fabricate salicylic acid‐based polymers that can be employed in the targeted therapy of tumors. The primary disadvantage so far has been in use of nontherapeutic polymeric backbones that constitute the majority of the therapeutic particle's size. The focus of this research is the creation of a biodegradable polymer consisting only of salicylic acid, and its use as the main building block in targeted nanotherapeutics that would consequently provide both high local dose and sustained release of the active moiety. This work demonstrates the synthesis and degradation of polysalicylates, and modulation of their size and hydrolytic stability through the formation of nanostructures.
Quasi‐3D‐Structured Interfaces by Polymer Brushes
Authors: Benetti Edmondo M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of polymer brushes via surface‐initiated controlled radical polymerizations has progressively developed beyond a simple surface functionalization technique, enabling the design of complex polymer interfaces with a quasi‐3D molecular organization. The modulation of polymer brush structure has led to an extremely broad tuning potential for technologically relevant interfacial, physicochemical properties, allowing one to precisely tune swelling, nanomechanical, and nanotribological characteristics of polymer films. In addition, the synthesis of multilayer brush interfaces with hierarchical architecture has been exploited to control biological phenomena on modified platforms, such as cell adhesion and settlement, or to fully prevent biological contamination from bacteria. In this feature article, the most recent developments in the synthesis and application of quasi‐3D structured polymer brushes are summarized, placing particular attention on how the tuning of grafted‐polymer architecture could translate into a variation of interfacial characteristics.
Metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and its implication on cancer progression: An ongoing therapeutic target
Authors: Ocaña Ma Carmen , Martínez‐Poveda Beatriz , Quesada Ana R. , Medina Miguel Ángel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince reprogramming energy metabolism is considered a new hallmark of cancer, tumor metabolism is again in the spotlight of cancer research. Many studies have been carried out and many possible therapies have been developed in the last years. However, tumor cells are not alone. A series of extracellular components and stromal cells, such as endothelial cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, tumor‐associated macrophages, and tumor‐infiltrating T cells, surround tumor cells in the so‐called tumor microenvironment (TME). Metabolic features of these cells are being studied in deep in order to find relationships between metabolism within the TME and tumor progression. Moreover, it cannot be forgotten that tumor growth is able to modulate host metabolism and homeostasis, so that TME is not the whole story. Importantly, the metabolic switch in cancer is just a consequence of the flexibility and adaptability of metabolism and should not be surprising. Treatments of cancer patients with combined therapies including antitumor agents with those targeting stromal cell metabolism, antiangiogenic drugs, and/or immunotherapy are being developed as promising therapeutics.
Early childhood diets on the Nile: δ13C and δ15N in serial samples of permanent first molars in an elite Meroitic population from Sai Island, Sudan
Authors: Eerkens Jelmer W. , de Voogt Alex , Dupras Tosha L. , Francigny Vincent , Greenwald Alexandra M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe explore early childhood dietary patterns in a Late Meroitic (first–fourth century CE) population (N = 11) from Sai Island, Sudan, using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in serial samples from permanent first molar dentin. Results suggest an average age of weaning of 2.7 years, but with significant interindividual variation in the timing of weaning, with evidence for a later age at weaning for two females (average 3.5 years) compared with four males (average 2.3 years). Isotopic results support significant input of C4 plant‐derived protein in the weanling and postweaning diets (20–50%), perhaps in the form of plant‐rich gruels, but no significant difference in the composition of diet by sex. We observe the highest interindividual variation in diets immediately postweaning (ca. 4–5 years), with increasing homogeneity in diet thereafter. Together, the results provide new insight into the early dietary histories of the elite Meroites along this part of the Nile.
Immunopeptidomic Profiling of HLA‐A2‐Positive Triple Negative Breast Cancer Identifies Potential Immunotherapy Target Antigens
Authors: Ternette Nicola , Olde Nordkamp Marloes J. M. , Müller Julius , Anderson Amanda P. , Nicastri Annalisa , Hill Adrian V. S. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Li Demin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe recent development in immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cells in the treatment of cancer has not only demonstrated the potency of utilizing T‐cell reactivity for cancer therapy, but has also highlighted the need for developing new approaches to discover targets suitable for such novel therapeutics. Here we analyzed the immunopeptidomes of six HLA‐A2‐positive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) samples by nano‐ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nUPLC‐MS2). Immunopeptidomic profiling identified a total of 19 675 peptides from tumor and adjacent normal tissue and 130 of the peptides were found to have higher abundance in tumor than in normal tissues. To determine potential therapeutic target proteins, we calculated the average tumor‐associated cohort coverage (aTaCC) that represents the percentage coverage of each protein in this cohort by peptides that had higher tumoral abundance. Cofilin‐1 (CFL‐1), interleukin‐32 (IL‐32), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), syntenin‐1 (SDCBP), and ribophorin‐2 (RPN‐2) were found to have the highest aTaCC scores. We propose that these antigens could be evaluated further for their potential as targets in breast cancer immunotherapy and the small cohort immunopeptidomics analysis technique could be used in a wide spectrum of target discovery. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009738.
Growth hormone‐releasing hormone antagonists reduce prostatic enlargement and inflammation in carrageenan‐induced chronic prostatitis
Authors: Popovics Petra , Cai Renzhi , Sha Wei , Rick Ferenc G. , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundInflammation plays a key role in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) through multiple pathways involving the stimulation of proliferation by cytokines and growth factors as well as the induction of the focal occurrence of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have previously reported that GHRH acts as a prostatic growth factor in experimental BPH and in autoimmune prostatitis models and its blockade with GHRH antagonists offer therapeutic approaches for these conditions. Our current study was aimed at the investigation of the beneficial effects of GHRH antagonists in λ‐carrageenan‐induced chronic prostatitis and at probing the downstream molecular pathways that are implicated in GHRH signaling.MethodsTo demonstrate the complications triggered by recurrent/chronic prostatic inflammation in Sprague‐Dawley rats, 50 μL 3% carrageenan was injected into both ventral prostate lobes two times, 3 weeks apart. GHRH antagonist, MIA‐690, was administered 5 days after the second intraprostatic injection at 20 μg daily dose for 4 weeks. GHRH‐induced signaling events were identified in BPH‐1 and in primary prostate epithelial (PrEp) cells at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min with Western blot.ResultsInflammation induced prostatic enlargement and increased the area of the stromal compartment whereas treatment with the GHRH antagonist significantly reduced these effects. This beneficial activity was consistent with a decrease in prostatic GHRH, inflammatory marker COX‐2, growth factor IGF‐1 and inflammatory and EMT marker TGF‐β1 protein levels and the expression of multiple genes related to EMT. In vitro, GHRH stimulated multiple pathways involved in inflammation and growth in both BPH‐1 and PrEp cells including NFκB p65, AKT, ERK1/2, EGFR, STAT3 and increased the levels of TGF‐β1 and Snail/Slug. Most interestingly, GHRH also stimulated the transactivation of the IGF receptor.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that GHRH antagonists could be beneficial for the treatment of prostatic inflammation and BPH in part by inhibiting the growth‐promoting and inflammatory effects of locally produced GHRH.
Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses
Authors: Salehi Bahare , Mishra Abhay Prakash , Shukla Ila , Sharifi‐Rad Mehdi , Contreras María del Mar , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fathi Hannane , Nasrabadi Nafiseh Nasri , Kobarfard Farzad , Sharifi‐Rad Javad 
Published: May 2018

Thymol is a naturally occurring phenol monoterpene derivative of cymene and isomer of carvacrol. Thymol (10–64%) is one of the major constituent of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties. This plant, native to Mediterranean regions, is commonly used as a culinary herb and also with a long history of use for different medicinal purposes. Nowadays, thymol and thyme present a wide range of functional possibilities in pharmacy, food, and cosmetic industry. The interest in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals based on thymol is due to several studies that have evaluated the potential therapeutic uses of this compound for the treatment of disorders affecting the respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, this compound also exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenesis, anti‐inflammatory, and antispasmodic activities, as well as a potential as a growth enhancer and immunomodulator. In the present review, these bioactivities have been covered because some of them can contribute to explain the ethnopharmacology of thymol and its main source, T. vulgaris. Other important aspects about thymol are discussed: its toxicity and bioavailability, metabolism, and distribution in animals and humans.
Agathisflavone isolated from Anacardium occidentale suppresses SIRT1‐mediated neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia and neurotoxicity in APPSwe‐transfected SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Velagapudi Ravikanth , Ajileye Olusiji O. , Okorji Uchechukwu , Jain Priya , Aderogba Mutalib A. , Olajide Olumayokun A. 
Published: May 2018

Agathisflavone is a bioactive compound in Anacardium occidentale. In this study, we investigated inhibition neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia by agathisflavone. Neuroprotective activity of the compound was investigated in differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells. Experiments in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated BV2 microglia showed that pretreatment with agathisflavone (5–20 μM) produced significant reduction in the release of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β, NO, and PGE2 from the cells. Immunoblotting experiments also revealed that agathisflavone reduced levels of iNOS and COX‐2 protein. Further studies revealed that agathisflavone reduced neuroinflammation by targeting critical steps in NF‐κB signalling in BV2 microglia. Treatment of SH‐SY5Y cells with conditioned medium from LPS‐activated BV2 microglia produced a significant reduction in neuronal viability. However, conditioned medium from BV2 cells that were stimulated with LPS in the presence of agathisflavone did not induce neurotoxicity. Agathisflavone also produced neuroprotection in APPSwe plasmid‐transfected SH‐SY5Y neurons. The compound further attenuated LPS‐induced and APPSwe plasmid‐induced reduction in SIRT1 in BV2 microglia and SH‐SY5Y, respectively. In the presence of EX527, agathisflavone lost its anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Our results suggest that agathisflavone inhibits neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia by targeting NF‐κB signalling pathway. The compound also reduces neurotoxicity through mechanisms that are possibly linked to SIRT1 in the microglia and neurons.
A modified CUSUM control chart for monitoring industrial processes
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Zafar Raja Fawad , Abbas Nasir , Riaz Muhammad , Mahmood Tahir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractControl charts are the most popular tool of statistical process control for monitoring variety of processes. The detection ability of these control charts can be improved by introducing various transformations. In this study, we have enhanced the performance of CUSUM charts by introducing a link relative variable transformation technique. Link relative variable converts the original process variable in a form which is relative to its mean. So, the link relative represents the relative positioning of the observations. Average run length (ARL) is used to compare our technique with the previous studies. The comparison shows the overall good detection performance of our scheme for a span of shifts in the mean. A real‐world example from the electrical engineering process is also included to demonstrate the application of proposed control chart.