bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The S-SH Confusion Test and the Effects of Frequency Lowering
Authors: Alexander Joshua M. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Frequency lowering in hearing aids can cause listeners to perceive [s] as [ʃ]. The S-SH Confusion Test, which consists of 66 minimal word pairs spoken by 6 female talkers, was designed to help clinicians and researchers document these negative side effects. This study's purpose was to use this new test to evaluate the hypothesis that these confusions will increase to the extent that low frequencies are altered.

Method
Twenty-one listeners with normal hearing were each tested on 7 conditions. Three were control conditions that were low-pass filtered at 3.3, 5.0, and 9.1 kHz. Four conditions were processed with nonlinear frequency compression (NFC): 2 had a 3.3-kHz maximum audible output frequency (MAOF), with a start frequency (SF) of 1.6 or 2.2 kHz; 2 had a 5.0-kHz MAOF, with an SF of 1.6 or 4.0 kHz. Listeners' responses were analyzed using concepts from signal detection theory. Response times were also collected as a measure of cognitive processing.

Results
Overall, [s] for [ʃ] confusions were minimal. As predicted, [ʃ] for [s] confusions increased for NFC conditions with a lower versus higher MAOF and with a lower versus higher SF. Response times for trials with correct [s] responses were shortest for the 9.1-kHz control and increased for the 5.0- and 3.3-kHz controls. NFC response times were also significantly longer as MAOF and SF decreased. The NFC condition with the highest MAOF and SF had statistically shorter response times than its control condition, indicating that, under some circumstances, NFC may ease cognitive processing.

Conclusions
Large differences in the S-SH Confusion Test across frequency-lowering conditions show that it can be used to document a major negative side effect associated with frequency lowering. Smaller but significant differences in response times for correct [s] trials indicate that NFC can help or hinder cognitive processing, depending on its settings.
Forecasting of SYMH and ASYH indices for geomagnetic storms of solar cycle 24 including St. Patrick’s day, 2015 storm using NARX neural network
Authors: Bhaskar Ankush , Vichare Geeta 
Published: May 2019

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has proven to be very successful in forecasting a variety of irregular magnetospheric/ionospheric processes like geomagnetic storms and substorms. SYMH and ASYH indices represent longitudinal symmetric and the asymmetric component of the ring current. Here, an attempt is made to develop a prediction model for these indices using ANN. The ring current state depends on its past conditions therefore, it is necessary to consider its history for prediction. To account for this effect Nonlinear Autoregressive Network with exogenous inputs (NARX) is implemented. This network considers input history of 30 min and output feedback of 120 min. Solar wind parameters mainly velocity, density, and interplanetary magnetic field are used as inputs. SYMH and ASYH indices during geomagnetic storms of 1998–2013, having minimum SYMH < −85 nT are used as the target for training two independent networks. We present the prediction of SYMH and ASYH indices during nine geomagnetic storms of solar cycle 24 including the recent largest storm occurred on St. Patrick’s day, 2015. The present prediction model reproduces the entire time profile of SYMH and ASYH indices along with small variations of ∼10–30 min to the good extent within noise level, indicating a significant contribution of interplanetary sources and past state of the magnetosphere. Therefore, the developed networks can predict SYMH and ASYH indices about an hour before, provided, real-time upstream solar wind data are available. However, during the main phase of major storms, residuals (observed-modeled) are found to be large, suggesting the influence of internal factors such as magnetospheric processes.
Leitliniengerechte Blutkulturdiagnostik
Authors: Schmitz Roland , Brunkhorst Frank M. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis von Mikroorganismen durch die Blutkultur ist für die Diagnostik und
adäquate antimikrobielle Therapie der Sepsis unabdingbare Voraussetzung. Erst
die Kenntnis des Erregers und seiner Antibiotika-Empfindlichkeit erlaubt nach
Einleitung einer empirischen Initialtherapie gezielte antiinfektive Maßnahmen
und stellt die Weichen für das weitere diagnostische Vorgehen. Dies verbessert
die Prognose, verkürzt die Liegedauer und hilft, eine antiinfektive Übertherapie
zu vermeiden.
Das Michelangelo-Phänomen – Relationale Führungskompetenz für das Gesundheitswesen der (digitalen) Zukunft
Authors: Junne Florian , Zipfel Stephan 
Published: May 2019

„In the past jobs were about muscles, now they are about the brain, in the future they will be about the heart.“
Dame Minouche Shafik, Director of the London School of Economics (LSE) (2018)
Urethrasarkom 14 Jahre nach Prostata-Brachytherapie
Authors: Comploj Evi , Hanspeter Esther , Trenti Emanuela , Palermo Salvatore , Pycha Armin 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 83-jährigen Patienten mit der seltenen Diagnose eines Sarkoms der Harnröhre.
Ambulant-sensitive Krankenhausfälle in Deutschland – Abgrenzung, Prävalenz und Kosten
Authors: Kurte Melina Sophie , Blankart Katharina 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Ambulant-sensitive Krankenhausfälle (ASK) bezeichnen Hospitalisierungen, welche durch zugängliche und qualitativ hochwertige ambulante Maßnahmen vermeidbar wären. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, katalogbasierte Abgrenzungsansätze von ASK für Deutschland zu ermitteln sowie die Prävalenz und Kosten von ASK zu identifizieren.
Methodik Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde im März 2018 in den Datenbanken MEDLINE und Web of Science durchgeführt. Publikationen wurden identifiziert, die einen Gesamtkatalog ambulant-sensitiver Diagnosen betrachten und Prävalenz oder Kosten von ASK ermitteln. Ergänzend wurde eine Vorwärts- und Rückwärtssuche identifizierter Studien durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Basierend auf 10 Publikationen wurden drei Abgrenzungsansätze identifiziert, bei deren Vergleich hohe Heterogenität in der ASK-Abgrenzung bezüglich eingeschlossener Diagnosen erkennbar wird. Das differenzierte Vorgehen bei der ASK-Kodierung spiegelt sich in hohen Spannweiten in Bezug auf die Prävalenz und den Kosten von ASK wider.
Schlussfolgerung Die Heterogenität der Abgrenzungsansätze macht eine Überprüfung der Übertragbarkeit in den jeweiligen Versorgungskontext in Bezug auf die Auswahl ASK-relevanter Diagnosen, Vermeidbarkeit und Risikoadjustierung notwendig.
Radical Biocatalysis: Using Non-Natural Single Electron Transfer Mechanisms to Access New Enzymatic Functions
Authors: Hyster Todd K. 
Published: May 2019

Exploiting non-natural reaction mechanisms within native enzymes is an emerging strategy for expanding the synthetic capabilities of biocatalysts. When coupled with modern protein engineering techniques, this approach holds great promise for biocatalysis to address long-standing selectivity and reactivity challenges in chemical synthesis. Controlling the stereochemical outcome of reactions involving radical intermediates, for instance, could benefit from biocatalytic solutions because these reactions are often difficult to control by using existing small molecule catalysts. General strategies for catalyzing non-natural radical reactions within enzyme active sites are, however, undeveloped. In this account, we highlight three distinct strategies developed in our group that exploit non-natural single electron transfer mechanisms to unveil previously unknown radical biocatalytic functions. These strategies allow common oxidoreductases to be used to address the enduring synthetic challenge of asymmetric hydrogen atom transfer.1	Introduction2	Photoinduced Electron Transfer from NADPH3	Ground State Electron Transfer from Flavin Hydroquinone4	Enzymatic Redox Activation in NADPH-Dependent Oxidoreductases5	Conclusion
Structure-guided function discovery of an NRPS-like glycine betaine reductase for choline biosynthesis in fungi
Authors: Hai Yang , Huang Arthur M. , Tang Yi 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Oxidation of choline to glycine betaine is a major pathway for choline degradation and glycine betaine biosynthesis. Although this oxidative process is found in all domains of life, enzymes involved in the reduction of glycine betaine to choline have not been found. Here, we found this missing link in choline metabolism through a structure-guided function discovery of a NRPS-like glycine betaine reductase, which catalyzes reduction of glycine betaine to choline via the intermediate glycine betaine aldehyde. Bioinformatic analysis suggests this enzyme is highly conserved and widespread in the fungal kingdom, and our discovery of this reductive choline biosynthesis pathway provides insight into fungal choline metabolism.
HIV Comorbidities—Pay Attention to Hypertension Amid Changing Guidelines: An Analysis of Texas Medical Monitoring Project Data
Authors: Hyde Jessica R , Sears Sabeena C , Buendia Justin R , Odem Sylvia L , Vaaler Margaret L , Mgbere Osaro O 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLWH). Studies suggest that hypertension prevalence among PLWH is high, yet none assess how the 2017 redefinition of hypertension as ≥130/80 rather than the previous standard of ≥140/90 mm Hg will affect prevalence among PLWH. This study addresses this gap.

METHODS
We examined medical record abstractions of 957 PLWH in Texas from the 2013–2014 Medical Monitoring Project survey. Participants with hypertension were identified by charted diagnosis, antihypertensive medication use, or blood pressure readings ≥140/90 and ≥130/80 mm Hg. Associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed using Rao–Scott chi-square tests, and odds of having hypertension were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models while adjusting for several demographic and HIV-related variables.

RESULTS
The 2017 redefinition of hypertension increased prevalence in the sample by 44.3%, from 47.6% to 68.7%. Age group, body mass index, sex, and race remained significantly associated with hypertension (all P &lt; 0.01). Although prevalence was near equal between males and females at ≥140/90 mm Hg (47.4% and 48.5%, respectively), males were 2.36 times more likely to have hypertension than females (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–3.60) at ≥130/80 mm Hg. Prevalence remained comparable between white (73.3%) and black participants (72.9%).

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that hypertension prevalence is remarkably high among PLWH and is further increased by updated guidelines. Barriers to hypertension control in the HIV care setting should be identified and addressed to facilitate continued improvement in the quality and length of life for PLWH.
Tramadol, Methadone and Benzodiazepines added to Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Ghadirzadeh Mohammad Reza , Nazari Seyed Saeed Hashemi , Mirtorabi Davood , Fattahi Akbar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
To search for pharmaceutical additives in illicit alcoholic beverages referred to the laboratory of Legal Medicine Organization in Iran in 2017.

Methods
Hundred beverages were sampled. Ethanol content was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) and then a liquid-liquid extraction combined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector (PAD) was employed for the qualitative analysis. The analysis was confirmed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS).

Results
In 15% either one or more of the following were detected: tramadol, methadone, diazepam, oxazepam, flurazepam and alprazolam. Tramadol was found with highest frequency.

Conclusions
The wide availability of addictive pharmaceutical is leading to fortification of alcoholic beverages on some countries. The addition of such depressant additives should be better known because of the potentially fatal consequences of the combination with ethanol, as well as the potential for adverse effects on behavior.
MyelinJ: an ImageJ macro for high throughput analysis of myelinating cultures
Authors: Whitehead Michael J , McCanney George A , Willison Hugh J , Barnett Susan C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Summary
MyelinJ is a free user friendly ImageJ macro for high throughput analysis of fluorescent micrographs such as 2D-myelinating cultures and statistical analysis using R. MyelinJ can analyse single images or complex experiments with multiple conditions, where the ggpubr package in R is automatically used for statistical analysis and the production of publication quality graphs. The main outputs are percentage (%) neurite density and % myelination. % neurite density is calculated using the normalize local contrast algorithm, followed by thresholding, to adjust for differences in intensity. For % myelination the myelin sheaths are selected using the Frangi vesselness algorithm, in conjunction with a grey scale morphology filter and the removal of cell bodies using a high intensity mask. MyelinJ uses a simple graphical user interface and user name system for reproducibility and sharing that will be useful to the wider scientific community that study 2D-myelination in vitro.

Availability and implementation
MyelinJ is freely available at https://github.com/BarnettLab/MyelinJ. For statistical analysis the freely available R and the ggpubr package are also required. MyelinJ has a user guide (Supplementary Material) and has been tested on both Windows (Windows 10) and Mac (High Sierra) operating systems.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Supplemental estrogen and caloric restriction reduce obesity-induced periprostatic white adipose inflammation in mice
Authors: Bhardwaj Priya , Ikeda Takahiro , Zhou Xi Kathy , Wang Hanhan , Zheng Xi Emily , Giri Dilip D , Elemento Olivier , Verma Akanksha , Miyazawa Miki , Mukherjee Sushmita , Falcone Domenick J , Wendel Nils K , Scherr Douglas S , Dannenberg Andrew J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of high-grade prostate cancer (PC) and worse prognosis for PC patients. Recently, we showed in men that obesity-related periprostatic white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, characterized by macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes forming crown-like structures, was associated with high-grade PC. Possibly, interventions that suppress periprostatic WAT inflammation will improve outcomes for men with PC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that supplemental 17β-estradiol (E2) could decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation in obese male mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce periprostatic WAT inflammation before being treated with supplemental E2. E2 supplementation suppressed caloric intake, induced weight loss, decreased periprostatic WAT inflammation and downregulated the expression of genes linked to inflammation including Cd68, Mcp1 and Tnf. Similar to the effects of E2 supplementation, treatment with diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, also suppressed caloric intake and reduced periprostatic WAT inflammation. To determine whether the observed effects of supplemental estrogen could be reproduced by caloric restriction (CR) alone, obese mice were put on a 30% CR diet. Like estrogen treatment, CR was effective in reducing body weight, periprostatic WAT inflammation and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Transcriptomic analyses of periprostatic fat showed that obesity was associated with enrichment in inflammatory response pathways, which were normalized by both supplemental E2 and CR. Taken together, these findings strengthen the rationale for future efforts to determine whether either CR or supplemental estrogen will decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation and thereby improve outcomes for men with PC.
Blind chemical tagging with DBSCAN: prospects for spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Price-Jones Natalie , Bovy Jo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChemical tagging has great promise as a technique to unveil our Galaxy’s history. Grouping stars based on their similar chemistry can establish details of the star formation and merger history of the Milky Way. With precise measurements of stellar chemistry, chemical tagging may be able to group together stars born from the same gas cloud, regardless of their current positions and kinematics. Successfully tagging these birth clusters requires high-quality chemical space information and a good cluster-finding algorithm. To test the feasibility of chemical tagging on data from current and upcoming spectroscopic surveys, we construct a realistic set of synthetic clusters, creating both observed spectra and derived chemical abundances for each star. We use Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) to group stars based on their spectra or abundances; these groups are matched to input clusters and are found to be highly homogeneous and complete. The percentage of clusters with more than 10 members recovered is 40 per cent when tagging on abundances with uncertainties achievable with current techniques. Based on our fiducial model for the Milky Way, we predict recovering over 600 clusters with at least 10 observed members and 70 per cent membership homogeneity in a sample similar to the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. Tagging larger surveys like the GALAH survey and the future Milky Way Mapper in Sloan Digital Sky Survey V could recover tens of thousands of clusters at high homogeneity. Access to so many unique co-eval clusters will transform how we understand the star formation history and chemical evolution of our Galaxy.
Periprosthetic Joint Infections as a Consequence of Bacteremia
Authors: Honkanen Meeri , Jämsen Esa , Karppelin Matti , Huttunen Reetta , Eskelinen Antti , Syrjänen Jaana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe risk for developing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) during bacteremia is unclear, except for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. The aim of this study was to examine the risk for developing a PJI during bacteremia and to identify possible risk factors leading to it.MethodsPatients with a primary knee or hip joint replacement performed in a tertiary care hospital between September 2002 and December 2013 were identified (n = 14 378) and followed up until December 2014. Positive blood culture results during the study period and PJIs were recorded. PJIs associated with an episode of bacteremia were identified and confirmed from patient records. Potential risk factors for PJI among those with bacteremia were examined using univariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 542 (3.8%) patients had at least 1 episode of bacteremia. Seven percent (47/643) of the bacteremias resulted in a PJI. Development of a PJI was most common for Staphylococcus aureus (21% of bacteremias led to a PJI) and beta-hemolytic streptococci (21%), whereas it was rare for gram-negative bacteria (1.3%). Having ≥2 bacteremias during the study period increased the risk for developing a PJI (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–4.50). The risk for developing a PJI was highest for bacteremias occurring within a year of previous surgery. Chronic comorbidities did not affect the risk for PJI during bacteremia.ConclusionsThe development of a PJI during bacteremia depends on the pathogen causing the bacteremia and the timing of bacteremia with respect to previous joint replacement surgery. However, significant patient-related risk factors for PJI during bacteremia could not be found.
Moral Certitude: Merits and Demerits of the Standard of Proof Applied in Roman Catholic Jurisprudence
Authors: Hahn Judith 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Roman Catholic canon law, moral certitude describes the ecclesiastical judge’s full conviction that a defendant is guilty or that a statement of claim made by a civil plaintiff is rightful. Moral certitude is the requirement for a conviction or a civil sentence in favour of the party under the burden of proof. Secular legal orders apply other standards. Anglo-American legal cultures mostly refer to the beyond a reasonable doubt standard in criminal cases, the preponderance of evidence, or the clear and convincing evidence standard in civil matters. Continental European cultures predominantly refer to the standard of full conviction in criminal and civil matters alike. This article compares those standards of proof with moral certitude in order to better understand its merits and limits. Based on this comparison, it examines the arguments both in favour of and against abiding with moral certitude as a standard of proof in the Catholic Church.
A low-cost, rapidly integrated debubbler (RID) module for microfluidic cell culture applications
Authors: Williams Matthew J. , Lee Nicholas K. , Mylott Joseph A. , Mazzola Nicole , Ahmed Adeel , Abhyankar Vinay V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic platforms use controlled fluid flow to provide physiologically relevant biochemical and biophysical cues to cultured cells in a well-defined and reproducible manner. In these systems, undisturbed flows are critical and air bubbles entering microfluidic channels can result in device delamination or cell damage. To prevent bubble entry, we report a low-cost, Rapidly Integrated Debubbler (RID) module that is simple to fabricate, inexpensive, and easily combined with existing experimental systems. We demonstrate successful removal of air bubbles spanning three orders of magnitude with a maximum removal rate (dV/dt)max = 1.5 mL min−1, at flow rates corresponding to physiological fluid-induced wall shear stresses (WSS) needed for biophysical stimulation studies on cultured mammalian cell populations.
A fractal view on running-in process: taking steel-on-steel tribo-system as an example
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Zuo Xue , Zhu Hua 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Running-in is a transient process prior to steady state and of great importance for mechanical performance. To reveal the fractal behavior in the running-in process, the steel-on-steel friction and wear tests were performed.

Design/methodology/approach
The friction coefficient, friction temperature, friction noise and vibration were recorded, and the surface profile of lower sample was measured on line. The signals and profiles were characterized by correlation dimension and box-counting dimension, respectively.

Findings
The signals have the consistent fractal evolvement law, that is, the correlation dimension increases and tends to a stable value. The box-counting dimension of one surface becomes close to that of the other surface. The running-in process can be interpreted as a process in which the fractal dimension of friction signals increases, and the counter surfaces spontaneously adapt to and modify each other to form a spatial ordered structure.

Originality/value
The results reveal the running-in behavior from a new perspective.