bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In einem Messwert steckt eine ganze Menge mehr
Authors: Rosenberger Kristina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn der Prozessindustrie kommt es auf die Anlagenverfügbarkeit sowie die Steigerung von Effizienz und Sicherheit für eine nachhaltige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit an. Industrieumfragen zeigen, dass die Erwartung der Prozessindustrie an die Messtechnik hoch sind. Erfahren Sie in diesem Beitrag, was Feldgeräte von Endress+Hauser leisten können und wie sie den Erwartungen der Branche gerecht werden. Mit ihren Funktionen zu Diagnose, Verifikation und Monitoring liefern die Messgeräte weit mehr als ein reines 420 mA Signal.
Recyclable Nanoporous Materials with Ordered Tunnels Self‐Assembled from α‐ and γ‐Cyclodextrins
Authors: Li Qingxuan , Wang Jin , Ye Lin , Zhang Aiying , Zhang Xuetong , Feng Zengguo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA straightforward method to create nanoporous materials via the self‐assembly of macrocyclic molecules (MCMs) is proposed and fulfilled by using cyclodextrins (CD) as building blocks. Due to molecular geometry, α‐CD forms a hexagonal nanoporous crystal, whereas γ‐CD forms a cuboid crystal. The resulting products are confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and solid‐state 13C NMR to be solely built up by CDs. Well‐defined and monodisperse nano‐tunnels are formed in nanoporous materials by the template‐free, face‐to‐face self‐assembly of CDs, with diameters around 0.8 or 0.5 nm equal to the diameter of the CD cavities. Moreover, the nanoporous structure of the CD is reversible controlled simply by switching temperature in DMF, indicating that the nanoporous CDs could be recyclable used and recovered. These characteristic properties and behaviors of the nanoporous CDs made them to be an ideal green material for absorption, separation as well as CD recovery.
A dose titration study of fentanyl buccal soluble film for breakthrough cancer pain in Taiwan
Authors: Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Chao Ta‐Chung , Chao Tsu‐Yi , Huang Jen‐Seng , Chang Yi‐Fang , Wang Cheng‐Hsu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundFentanyl buccal soluble film (FBSF), a new formulation of fentanyl, is developed for the treatment of breakthrough pain (BTP) in opioid‐tolerant patients with cancer.AimsThis study aimed to assess the feasible dose range of FBSF required for Taiwanese population.Methods and resultsThis was an open‐label, multicenter, noncomparative study. Cancer patients who were aged 20 years or older and had a stable regimen equivalent to 60 to 1000 mg/day of oral morphine, 20 to 120 mg/day of intravenous morphine, or 25 to 300 μg/h of transdermal fentanyl for at least 1 week were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the feasible dose range of FBSF. Secondary endpoints included difference in pain intensity at 30 minutes (PID30), percentage of episodes requiring rescue medication, and overall satisfaction. Adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded for safety measurements. The final effective dose in the per‐protocol (PP) population (n = 30) ranged from 200 to 800 μg, of which 26 subjects (86.7%) achieved an effective dose range of 200 to 400 μg. Among the 283 BTP episodes recorded in the maintenance period, the mean PID30 was 4.0, and only 13 events (4.6%) required rescue medication. For 63.6% of the BTP episodes, patients rated their satisfaction as good to excellent. Only 5% of AEs were considered drug‐related.ConclusionsIndividualized dose titration is recommended for BTP management for patients' benefit. Overall, FBSF was effective and well tolerated and was positively correlated with patients' background opioid dose for persistent pain management.
Photosensitized Retinal Isomerization in Rhodopsin Mediated by a Triplet State
Authors: Valentini Alessio , Nucci Martina , Frutos Luis Manuel , Marazzi Marco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDirect 11‐cis to all‐trans retinal photoisomerization within rhodopsin is well known to be the initial chemical reaction triggering the process of vision in mammalians, such as bovine. Nevertheless, deep‐sea fish are known to use chlorophyll derivatives as photosensitizers in order to see deep‐red light, at wavelengths where retinal does not absorb. Also, some photodynamic therapy treatments were shown to enhance the vision of patients in dim light conditions. Energy transfer from the photosensitizer to rhodopsin was therefore proposed as a mechanism to populate the triplet state of the retinal chromophore. Herein, by means of hybrid quantum mechanics‐coupled‐molecular mechanics modeling techniques, we give insights into the possible energy mechanism and describe the retinal isomerization mediated by the lowest‐lying triplet state. Especially, we show how a few kcal/mol energy barrier separates a T1 minimum from a S0/T1 intersection region, hence proposing an equilibrium between phosphorescence and isomerization processes. Moreover, the eventual self‐production of singlet oxygen, constituting a potential danger for the integrity of rhodopsin, is discussed.
“Immuno‐flowFISH” for the Assessment of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Hui Henry Y.L. , Clarke Kathryn M. , Fuller Kathryn A. , Stanley Jason , Chuah Hun H. , Ng Teng Fong , Cheah Chan , McQuillan Andrew , Erber Wendy N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImaging flow cytometry is emerging as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of leukemia. It has the functionality of standard flow cytometry and generates high‐resolution digital images of each cell with quantifiable numerical data. We demonstrate the use of an automated high‐throughput method for performing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on immunophenotyped whole cells in suspension and analyzed by imaging flow cytometry, a technique called “Immuno‐flowFISH”. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the application of immuno‐flowFISH for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in CLL, specifically trisomy 12 and del(17p). Mononuclear cells were isolated and immunophenotyped with fluorescently conjugated CD3, CD5, and CD19 monoclonal antibodies. Following fixation, cells were permeabilized, dsDNA denatured and hybridized with chromosome 12 or 17 enumeration (CEP 12 and CEP17) and 17p12 locus‐specific FISH probes. Cells were analyzed on the Amnis ImageStream®X Mark II to assess the number and percent FISH‐positive CLL cells and the ratio of FISH spot counts for CD5/CD19‐positive CLL cells to CD3/CD5‐positive T cells (FISH “mean spot ratio”). Deletion of 17p was detected in about 8% of cases to date, with del(17p) ranged from 3.5–22.8% and the FISH “mean spot ratio” 0.86–0.96. Immuno‐flowFISH also detected a minimal residual disease case with +12 with a limit of detection of 0.13% and a rare case that presented with atypical phenotype and cytogenetics. Immuno‐flowFISH could detect del(17p) in phenotypically identified CD5/CD19‐positive B‐cells. The 100‐fold increase in analyzed cells, as well as the addition of cell phenotype increased the sensitivity and specificity over current clinical FISH testing. Furthermore, immuno‐flowFISH analysis demonstrated specific utility in unique clinical scenarios such as residual disease and atypical biology cases which may be of significant benefit with regards to prognostication and MRD analysis. The method will assist in therapeutic decision making and disease monitoring for many hematological malignancies. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Evidence for frequency‐dependent selection maintaining polymorphism in the Batesian mimic Papilio polytes in multiple islands in the Ryukyus, Japan
Authors: Tsurui‐Sato Kaori , Sato Yukuto , Kato Emi , Katoh Mitsuho , Kimura Ryosuke , Tatsuta Haruki , Tsuji Kazuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBatesian mimicry is a well‐studied adaptation for predation avoidance, in which a mimetic species resembles an unpalatable model species. Batesian mimicry can be under positive selection because of the protection gained against predators, due to resemblance to unpalatable model species. However, in some mimetic species, nonmimetic individuals are present in populations, despite the benefits of mimicry. The mechanism for evolution of such mimetic polymorphism remains an open question. Here, we address the hypothesis that the abundance of mimics is limited by that of the models, leading to mimetic polymorphism. In addition, other forces such as the effects of common ancestry and/or isolation by distance may explain this phenomenon. To investigate this question, we focused on the butterfly, Papilio polytes, that exhibits mimetic polymorphism on multiple islands of the Ryukyus, Japan, and performed field surveys and genetic analysis. We found that the mimic ratio of P. polytes was strongly correlated with the model abundance observed on each of the five islands, suggesting negative frequency‐dependent selection is driving the evolution of polymorphism in P. polytes populations. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that the southern island populations are the major source of genetic diversity, and the middle and northern island populations arose by relatively recent migration. This view was also supported by mismatch distribution and Tajima's D analyses, suggesting a recent population expansion on the middle and northern islands, and stable population persistence on the southern islands. The frequency of the mimetic forms within P. polytes populations is thus explained by variations in the model abundance rather than by population structure. Thus, we propose that predation pressure, rather than neutral forces, have shaped the Batesian mimicry polymorphism in P. polytes observed in the Ryukyus.
Life table invasion models: spatial progression and species‐specific partitioning
Authors: Zhao Zihua , Hui Cang , Plant Richard E. , Su Min , Carpenter Tim , Papadopoulos Nikos , Li Zhihong , Carey James R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiological invasions are increasingly being considered important spatial processes that drive global changes, threatening biodiversity, regional economies, and ecosystem functions. A unifying conceptual model of the invasion dynamics could serve as a useful tool for comparison and classification of invasion processes involving different species across large geographic ranges. By dividing these geographic ranges that are subject to invasions into discrete spatial units, we here conceptualize the invasion process as the transition from pristine to invaded spatial units. We use California cities as the spatial units and a long‐term database of invasive tropical tephritids to characterize the invasion patterns. A new life‐table method based on insect demography, including the progression model of invasion stage transition and the species‐specific partitioning model of multispecies invasions, was developed to analyze the invasion patterns. The progression model allows us to estimate the probability and rate of transition for individual cities from pristine to infested stages and subsequently differentiate the first year of detection from detection recurrences. Importantly, we show that the interval of invasive tephritid recurrence in a city declines with increasing invasion stages of the city. The species‐specific partitioning model revealed profound differences in invasion outcome depending on which tephritid species was first detected (and then locally eradicated) in the early stage of invasion. Taken together, we discuss how these two life‐table invasion models can cast new light on existing invasion concepts; in particular, on formulating invasion dynamics as the state transition of cities and partitioning species‐specific roles during multispecies invasions. These models provide a new set of tools for predicting the spatiotemporal progression of invasion and providing early warnings of recurrent invasions for efficient management.
Fragility function development and seismic loss assessment of expansion joints
Authors: Otsuki Yu , Kurata Masahiro , Skalomenos Konstantinos A. , Ikeda Yoshiki , Akazawa Motoki 
Published: April 2019

SummaryExpansion joints are used as a special connection equipment between adjacent buildings to accommodate the relative motions generated by wind, thermal, or earthquake loads, but they often exhibit damage during severe earthquakes. The level of damage and safety factors required to avoid loss of function are not well considered in current design practices. The objective of this paper is to provide quantitative information on the seismic damage probability of common expansion joints and the associated repair costs. The designer and engineer can refer to this information as a basis for decision making in the selection of expansion joints. Four common types of expansion joints are considered: high‐ and standard‐performance floor and wall expansion joints, whose damage states have been evaluated recently by the authors through shaking table tests. First, the fragility functions of expansion joints for seven damage patterns are developed utilizing the test results. Next, the vulnerability of expansion joints installed between adjacent building models is assessed via incremental dynamic analysis. The recommended level of safety factor to ensure the function of expansion joints is discussed. Finally, a procedure for cost‐effective selection of expansion joints is introduced, where case studies are examined using buildings with different characteristics. The presented results are deemed to be beneficial for improving the design practice of expansion joints and for reducing future seismic loss.
Simultaneous Analysis of Multiclass Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Sediments by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Rashid Azhar , Wang Yuwen , Li Yan , Yu Chang-Ping , Sun Qian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction and simultaneous dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up method was developed for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in sediment samples. Hydration with a phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and salting out with NaCl and MgSO4 facilitated the extraction and liquid–liquid portioning of the aqueous and organic phases. Cleanup of the extracts was achieved by florisil and C18 (1:1) sorbents in dSPE with minimal compromise of the analytes. The extracts were clean enough for determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The procedure was validated for preservatives, blood lipid regulators, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, plasticizers, and other classes of CECs in sediment matrix spiked at 6 levels between 1- and 40-fold concentrations for CECs of varying analytical sensitivities. The recovery values were generally between approximately 27 and 120% and the relative standard deviation (%RSD) values were below 20% at 10- , 20- , and 40-fold spiking levels, albeit the recoveries for some analytes dropped at low spike concentrations. The method showed high sensitivity where the method detection limits (MDLs) were at low ppb levels for the majority of the analytes that ranged between 0.002 and 1.93 µg/kg. The method performance was also compared with well-established US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1694 by analyzing sediment samples collected from Yundang Lagoon (Xiamen, China) with field-incurred CEC residues. The sediment samples were detected with residues of parabens, gemfibrozil, ketoprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, diclofenac, miconazole, carbamazepine, benzophenon-3, glibenclamide, sildinafil citrate, and some bisphenol analogues. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1409–1422. © 2019 SETAC
3D brain tumor segmentation in MRI images based on a modified PSO technique
Authors: Gtifa Wafa , Hamdaoui Fayçal , Sakly Anis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) brain tumor segmentation is a clinical requirement for brain tumor diagnosis and radiotherapy planning. This is a challenging task due to variation in type, size, location, and shape of tumors. Several methods such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm formed a topological relationship for the slices that converts 2D images into 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images which does not provide accurate results and they depend on the number of input sections, positions, and the shape of the MRI images. In this article, we propose an efficient 3D brain tumor segmentation technique called modified particle swarm optimization. Also, segmentation results are compared with Darwinian particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and fractional‐order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO) approaches. The experimental results show that our method succeeded 3D segmentation with 97.6% of accuracy rate more efficient if compared with the DPSO and FODPSO methods with 78.1% and 70.21% for the case of T1‐C modality.
Whole‐body MRI of bone marrow: A review
Authors: Hynes John P. , Hughes Nicola , Cunningham Patricia , Kavanagh Eoin C. , Eustace Stephen J. 
Published: April 2019

Technical advances in the last two decades have allowed rapid, high‐resolution whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI). MRI allows unparalleled visualization and detail in the imaging of bone marrow and surrounding soft tissues. The properties of nuclear magnetic resonance allow superb characterization of bone marrow constituents. WBMRI allows superb characterization of the different types of bone marrow and their natural evolution during the life cycle. Diffusion‐weighted WBMRI is an exciting development that adds functional information to anatomical detail. The mainstay of WBMRI for bone marrow abnormalities to date has centered upon staging multiple myeloma and other hematologic bone marrow conditions, and as a valuable tool in quantifying skeletal metastases. Increasingly, WBMRI is being utilized in a variety of additional malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Due to the absence of ionizing radiation, WBMRI represents a valuable screening tool in areas such as malignant transformation in hereditary multifocal exostoses or for the development of ischemic marrow insult in at‐risk patients. An additional novel area of use includes postmortem WBMRI for characterization of skeletal injuries. This article provides a state‐of‐the‐art and current review of WBMRI of the bone marrow and highlights potential future areas of development.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2019. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1687–1701.
Predicting Patients With Insufficient Liver Enhancement in the Hepatobiliary Phase Before the Injection of Gadoxetic Acid: A Practical Approach Using the Bayesian Method
Authors: Mori Yuki , Motosugi Utaroh , Shimizu Tatsuya , Ichikawa Shintaro , Kromrey Marie‐Luise , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundGadoxetic acid‐enhanced hepatobiliary phase (HBP) is useful in liver MRI, but sometimes shows insufficient liver enhancement. There is no established method to predict insufficient liver enhancement before the contrast injection.PurposeTo reveal the utility of the Bayesian method for predicting patients with insufficient liver enhancement in the gadoxetic acid‐enhanced HBP.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 576 patients with chronic liver disease.Field Strength/Sequence3T/3D gradient‐echo T1‐weighted imaging and MR elastography (MRE).AssessmentThe patients were divided into two groups: insufficient and sufficient liver enhancement in HBP according to the liver‐to‐portal vein signal intensity ratio. Various parameters, including liver function tests and liver stiffness by MRE, were evaluated as predictors of insufficient liver enhancement.Statistical TestsWe used Chi‐square/Student's t‐test/logistic regression analysis to determine independent associates, and Bayes' theorem to estimate the probability of insufficient (or sufficient) liver enhancement. The feasibility of Bayesian prediction of insufficient liver enhancement was tested by leave‐one‐out cross‐validation to calculate sensitivity and specificity for single variables and combinations of some variables in all patients and in a subpopulation showing a confidence level of >80%.ResultsIndependent associates of insufficient liver enhancement in HBP included: serum albumin (odds ratio [OR] = 4.82, P < 0.001), total bilirubin (OR = 0.30, P < 0.00), platelet count (OR = 1.54, P < 0.00), and liver stiffness by MRE (OR = 0.59, P < 0.00). The accuracy of Bayesian prediction of insufficient liver enhancement was 80.9% (466/576) for the single parameter of albumin and 79.0% (455/576) for total bilirubin, and was increased to 85.2% (487/576) for a combination of albumin, total bilirubin, and liver stiffness. In patients who showed a confidence level of >80%, the accuracy was 89.0% (439/493) for the above combination.Data ConclusionBayesian prediction was useful to predict patients with insufficient enhancement by combining serum liver function tests and liver stiffness by MRE.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:62–69.
Near‐surface mean wind in Switzerland: Climatology, climate model evaluation and future scenarios
Authors: Graf Michael , Scherrer Simon C. , Schwierz Cornelia , Begert Michael , Martius Olivia , Raible Christoph C. , Brönnimann Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNear‐surface seasonal and annual mean wind speed in Switzerland is investigated using homogenized observations, Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CRv2c) data and raw model output of a 75 member EURO‐COoRdinated Downscaling EXperiment regional climate model (RCM) ensemble for present day and future scenarios. The wind speed observations show a significant decrease in the Alps and on the southern Alpine slopes in the period 1981–2010. However, the 20CRv2c data reveal that the recent trends lie well within the decadal variability over longer time periods and no clear signs of a systematic wind stilling can be found for Switzerland. The ensemble of RCMs shows large biases in the annual mean wind speed over the Jura mountains, and some members also show large biases in the Alps compared to station observations. The spatial distribution of the model biases varies strongly between the RCMs, while the resolution and the driving global model have less impact on the pattern of the model bias. The RCMs are mostly able to represent the seasonality of wind speed on the Plateau but miss important details in complex terrain related to local wind systems. Most models show no significant changes in near‐surface mean wind speed until the end of the 21st century. The model ensemble changes range from a 7% decrease to a 6% increase with an ensemble mean decrease of 1 to 2%. Due to model biases, the scale mismatch between model grid and station observations and the missing representation of local winds in the simulations, the changes need to be interpreted with utmost care. Future assessments might lead to major revisions even for the sign of the projected changes, in particular over complex terrain.