bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Histological Studies of the Bronchial and Parabronchial System of the White Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Authors: Moneam Alaa Abd El , El Sharaby Ashraf , Aboelnour Asmaa , Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Nomir Ahmed G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to provide comprehensive morphological features of the bronchial and parabronchial systems using cast, histological, histochemical, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, with new insights into the parabronchial topographic distribution system on 22 white Pekin ducks. Casting illustrated that the medioventral secondary bronchi (MVSB) were the largest, but the posterior (POSB) ones were the smallest. The primary (PB) and secondary bronchi (SB) were lined with thin pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium. PB contained discontinuous hyaline cartilage plates interconnected by a membrane of fibrous CT with chondrocytes, while SB had mucous glands. There were two types of hexagonal parabronchi with different lumen shapes: circular in neopulmonic and longitudinal in paleopulmonic. The parabronchi had numerous atria opened into the lumen and guarded by different directed muscles: horizontal in the neopulmonic and vertical or horizontal in the paleopulmonic. The atria were lined with squamous to cuboidal cells, forming the interatrial septum (IAS). A funnel atrial duct connecting the atrium to the infundibulum can be branched. The air capillaries were nearby, at a very short distance from the blood capillaries. Despite their small number, air capillaries, which were found in parabronchi, significantly increased in size and diameter. SEM at the 4th torus level showed a parabronchi distribution with elongated paleopulmonic on the dorsomedial part, hexagonal neopulmonic on the ventrolateral part, and some neopulmonic on the medial part. The parabronchial topography distribution exhibited their unique distribution from the 1st to the 6th torus level.
Melatonin Alters Preference to Move Toward Monochromatic Lights in Female Syrian Hamsters: A Behavior Associated With Circadian Rhythm
Authors: Shadman Amir Farshad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDifferent light colors have different effects on endogenous melatonin. The preference for light colors has been studied in various animal species, except hamsters. Additionally, no research has been done on how melatonin affects color preference. In this study, I investigated whether melatonin can influence Syrian hamsters' preferences for various light colors. Eighteen female Syrian hamsters were divided into a control group and a test group orally administered 0.01 mg melatonin daily for 30 days. On Day 31, I placed each hamster in the test box at four stages: dark mid‐phase; beginning, middle, and end of day. The box had four areas with red, yellow, green, and blue lamps. In each stage, the hamsters' movements were recorded for 5 min. I tested the effects of color, stage, and melatonin treatment using a mixed model analysis. The preferences of both groups changed between the stages (p < 0.001) with the except stages 1 and 4 of the control group (p = 0.012); and stages 2 and 3 of the test group for the yellow color (p = 0.104). There was a significant difference between the test and the control groups in all stages and all colors (p < 0.001) except the green light color in stage 2 (p = 0.007). The results suggest that exogenous melatonin controls the preference for monochromatic light by an unknown mechanism. Circadian endogenous melatonin levels are also effective. Scientists must consider melatonin levels in studies evaluating responses to light.
Scala Tympani Volume Influences Initial 6‐Month Hearing Preservation With Lateral Wall Electrode Arrays
Authors: Canfarotta Michael W. , Dillon Margaret T. , Selleck A. Morgan , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo examine the effects of scala tympani (ST) volume, cochlear duct length (CDL), and angular insertion depth (AID) on low‐frequency hearing preservation for cochlear implant (CI) recipients of lateral wall electrode arrays.MethodsA retrospective review identified 45 adult CI recipients of 24‐, 28‐, or 31.5‐mm lateral wall electrode arrays with preoperative unaided hearing thresholds ≤45 decibel hearing level (dB HL) at 250 Hz. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative computed tomography to evaluate cochlear morphology and electrode array position. A linear mixed effects model evaluated effects of ST volume, CDL, AID, preoperative low‐frequency pure‐tone average (LFPTA; 125, 250, and 500 Hz), age at surgery, and biological sex on the postoperative change in LFPTA at activation and 6 months post‐activation.ResultsThere were significant main effects of ST volume (p = 0.044), age (p = 0.028), and biological sex (p = 0.003), indicating better low‐frequency hearing preservation for CI recipients with larger ST volumes, younger age at surgery, and female biological sex. Although CDL positively correlated with ST volume (r = 0.74, p < 0.001), there was no significant main effect of CDL (p = 0.367). A broad range in AID of the most apical electrode contact was observed (301.4°–681.8°); however, there was no significant main effect of AID on low‐frequency hearing preservation (p = 0.700).ConclusionsDuring the initial 6 months following implantation, intrinsic factors such as cochlear morphology may have a greater impact on low‐frequency hearing preservation than apical positioning of a flexible lateral wall electrode array when using soft surgical techniques.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
What Drives Consumers to Engage in Immersive Technologies? A Consumer Metaverse Engagement Motivation Model
Authors: Kalender Yunus , Guzmán Francisco 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs an immersive technology, the metaverse is becoming a popular environment among brands and consumers. However, little is known about what drives consumers to engage in metaverse platforms. Previous research identifies different consumer motivations to engage in online platforms, but with its immersive, grift, and complex nature, the metaverse differs from other online environments. This exploratory research aims to understand consumer metaverse engagement motivations and proposes a consumer motivation model. The proposed model stems from three qualitative studies (in‐depth interviews, focus groups, and word association) and is tested and validated through two quantitative studies. Finally, the model provides specific foci for brands for metaverse investments for experientially, socially, and functionally motivated consumers.
Molecular Dynamics Characterization of the Free and Encapsidated RNA2 of CCMV with the oxRNA Model
Authors: Mattiotti Giovanni , Micheloni Manuel , Petrolli Lorenzo , Rovigatti Lorenzo , Tubiana Luca , Pasquali Samuela , Potestio Raffaello 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) has emerged as a model system to assess the balance between electrostatic and topological features of single‐stranded RNA viruses, specifically in the context of the viral self‐assembly. Yet, despite its biophysical significance, little structural data on the RNA content of the CCMV virion is available. Here, the conformational dynamics of the RNA2 fragment of CCMV was assessed via coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, employing the oxRNA2 force field. The behavior of RNA2 was characterized both as a freely‐folding molecule and within a mean‐field depiction of the capsid. For the former, the role of the salt concentration, the temperature and of ad hoc constraints on the RNA termini was verified on the equilibrium properties of RNA2. For the latter, a multi‐scale approach was employed to derive a potential profile of the viral cavity from atomistic structures of the CCMV capsid in solution. The conformational ensembles of the encapsidated RNA2 were significantly altered with respect to the freely‐folding counterparts, as shown by the emergence of long‐range motifs and pseudoknots. Finally, the role of the N‐terminal tails of the CCMV subunits is highlighted as a critical feature in the construction of a proper electrostatic model of the CCMV capsid.
Clinical and Genomic Phenotype of Brain Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Peng Ying‐peng , Yang Shuai , He Jianzhong , Liu Qiaodan , Li Xuanzi , Kong Fan‐gen , Wang Si‐yang , Liu Ye 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBrain metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare but poor prognosis clinical problem. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and identify the genomic profiling of nasopharyngeal carcinoma brain metastasis. Patients with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who visited at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University since January 2013 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. Clinical data of patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma brain metastasis were extracted. Paraffin blocks of NPC brain metastases were acquired for immunohistochemistry and genetic testing. High‐throughput second generation sequencing was performed for genomic analysis. The mutation landscape was further analyzed. Of the 2378 NPC patients from our database, only six were clinically diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma brain metastasis. Three were pathologically diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma brain metastasis. The time interval from the first diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to brain metastasis was 15–56 months. The common sites of brain metastasis were frontal lobe and cerebellum, and could be single or multiple, cystic or solid lesions. The OS ranged from 7 to 48 months. Single nucleotide variants were found in 32 genes, such as PTEN, TP53, NFKBIA, KMT2C, and NOTCH1. Copy number variation occurred in five genes, including PTEN, CCDN1, FGF19, FGF3 and FGF4. PTEN and fibroblast growth factors might be involved in the molecular regulation of brain metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Long‐Read Sequencing Identifying the Genetic Complexity of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the Pedigree
Authors: Chen Ximin , Zhao Jing , Li Danhua , Xi Na , Yi Danying , Yan Mengjia , Yin Yan , Wang Xueyan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh sequence homology between CYP21A2 and CYP21A1P poses challenges to genetic diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (21‐OHD). Traditional genetic testing is unable to provide an accurate diagnosis due to the genetic complexity of CAH.MethodsDeletions, duplications, and recombination breakpoints were precisely identified by long‐read sequencing (LRS).ResultsThis study presented a pregnant woman, a 21‐OHD carrier detected by MLPA, and her husband, a normal subject also detected by MLPA. The fetus was suspected of having 21‐OHD based on clinical presentations such as enlarged adrenal glands, atypical external genitalia and karyotyping of 46, XX. LRS further identified the fetus as having the most severe salt‐wasting (SW) form of 21‐OHD with a compound heterozygote genotype. One allele was TNXA/TNXB CH‐2, while the other allele was CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 CH‐8. LRS precisely determined the genotypes of the fetus's father and grandmother with duplications, which misdiagnosed by MLPA. The multidisciplinary team recommended immediate glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment for the child after birth to prevent life‐threatening adrenal crisis.ConclusionsLRS provides precise diagnosis for family members with CYP21A2 deletion or duplication, improving disease management and preventing potential adrenal crises. When used in pre‐pregnancy genetic testing, LRS can indicate high genetic risk and guide the appropriate therapy during pregnancy and immediately after birth.
Design of a Bandpass Continuous Class‐F Filtering Power Amplifier Based on a Terminated Coupled Lines Structure
Authors: Wang Chenlu , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Luyu , Gu Chao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a filtered power amplifier (PA) based on the continuous class‐F mode. This broadband filtering PA employs a terminated coupled line structure, which consists of coupled line segments and four terminations loaded on them for obtaining high efficiency over a wide frequency band. Also, a detailed theoretical analysis and calculation of the proposed termination coupling line structure is given. The filter plays the role of filtering and impedance matching simultaneously, and thus high‐order harmonics of the filtering PA are suppressed. For verification, the proposed PA is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results show that a drain efficiency of 60.5%–69.8%, a gain of more than 10 dB, and an output power of 40.2–42.4 dBm are achieved in the target frequency band.
A Soft–Soft Nanocomposite Approach for Design of Water‐Borne Acrylic Surface Coatings
Authors: Eaves Elizabeth M. , Lovell Peter A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPoly[(n‐butyl methacrylate)‐co‐(n‐butyl acrylate)]‐based core‐shell latexes are prepared by emulsion polymerization with a shell copolymer glass transition temperature (Tg) of 5 °C, but differences in core copolymer wt.% (4–90) and Tg (5–25 °C), and in wt.% of diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) in the shell copolymer, which facilitates crosslinking in the percolating phase of films through addition of adipic acid dihydrazide. Analysis of samples removed from reactions, together with analysis of film cross‐sections by atomic force microscopy (AFM), confirms the core‐shell particle structures and honeycomb morphologies in films, with simultaneous AFM and infrared spectroscopy showing the distribution of hydrazone crosslinks. Increasing wt.% DAAM (i.e., degree of crosslinking) in the percolating phase shifts film tensile stress–strain curves towards higher stresses and lower extensions at break. For core and shell copolymer Tgs of 5 °C there is a small effect of core wt.%. At 70 and 80 wt.% core, increasing core copolymer Tg also shifts the curves towards higher stresses and lower extensions at break. Thus by combining effects of core copolymer wt.% and Tg with effects of wt.% DAAM in the shell through the soft–soft nanocomposite approach, it is possible to achieve a wide range of tensile deformation behavior in films that have quite similar overall copolymer compositions.
Adaptive FEM‐SPIM Coupling for Phase‐Field Modeling of Fracture
Authors: Novelli Larissa , Pitangueira Roque Luiz da Silva , Gori Lapo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article proposes an adaptive coupling strategy between the standard FEM and smoothed point interpolation methods (SPIMs) for the solution of phase‐field fracture problems, where the SPIM discretization is used to model the fracture propagation regions. Adaptive strategies are an important tool for problems that demand highly refined meshes in localized regions, such as in phase‐field problems. In the proposed strategy, the problem is initially discretized with a coarse FEM mesh, that is automatically replaced and refined by an SPIM discretization when and where fracture occurs. Five different benchmark tests are presented to illustrate the robustness of the proposed strategy. Brittle and quasi‐brittle problems are simulated and evaluated in terms of phase‐field contour plots and load‐displacement paths, showing good agreement with literature results and with results obtained with previously refined FEM models. The numerical simulations consider different criteria for the identification of the regions where the discretization replacement and refinement must occur, different sizes of the substitution regions, and different SPIM strategies. The proposed strategy relies on three properties of the meshfree strategy: (i) the reduced connectivity that ease the adaptive refinement, (ii) the presence of the Kronecker‐delta property, that makes the coupling with the FEM mesh straightforward, and (iii) the presence of nonpolynomial approximation functions, that provide a better approximation of the phase‐field profile. As illustrated by the simulations, this new strategy results in computational times that are comparable with the ones of a previously refined FEM mesh, without requiring an a priori knowledge of the replacement regions.
Beyond the Fragility Index
Authors: Quatto Piero , Ripamonti Enrico , Marasini Donata 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are frequently assessed with the fragility index (FI). Although the information provided by FI may supplement the p value, this indicator presents intrinsic weaknesses and shortcomings. In this article, we establish an analysis of fragility within a broader framework so that it can reliably complement the information provided by the p value. This perspective is named the analysis of strength. We first propose a new strength index (SI), which can be adopted in normal distribution settings. This measure can be obtained for both significance and nonsignificance and is straightforward to calculate, thus presenting compelling advantages over FI, starting from the presence of a threshold. The case of time‐to‐event outcomes is also addressed. Then, beyond the p value, we develop the analysis of strength using likelihood ratios from Royall's statistical evidence viewpoint. A new R package is provided for performing strength calculations, and a simulation study is conducted to explore the behavior of SI and the likelihood‐based indicator empirically across different settings. The newly proposed analysis of strength is applied in the assessment of the results of three recent trials involving the treatment of COVID‐19.
Thoracic splenosis: Precision medicine can prevent thoracic surgery
Authors: Harb Nathan , Fattore Julia , Saththianathan Mayuran , Parsons Stephen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThoracic splenosis is a rare condition referring to the auto‐transplantation of splenic tissue into the thoracic cavity following splenic trauma. We present a case of thoracic splenosis in a 62‐year‐old man who at the age of 17 suffered three gunshot wounds to the posterior thorax and abdomen, requiring a splenectomy and intercostal catheter insertion. In 2007, he underwent a thoracotomy and biopsy of a left sided pulmonary mass which was complicated by a haemothorax requiring an emergent return to theatre and rib resection to achieve haemostasis. The biopsy revealed granulation tissue. In 2023, Technetium‐99m (Tc‐99m) heat‐damaged erythrocyte scintigraphy confirmed the diagnosis of thoracic splenosis. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this uncommon condition to prevent unnecessary investigation, as well as the use of Tc‐99m heat‐damaged erythrocyte scintigraphy to confirm the diagnosis.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Large Antioxidative MXene Flakes for Polymeric Fire Safety
Authors: Wang Dong , Shi Shuo , Luo Qiaoling , Su Yupei , Ren Yuhao , Zhang Jichao , Lei Leqi , Shi Yongqian , Fan Lishan , Hu Jinlian , Fu Shaohai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLarge‐size MXene flakes have drawn growing attention due to their fascinating properties, which inevitably suffer from the low yield and weak oxidation resistance. Herein, an electrochemical exfoliation approach is proposed to achieve a high recording yield of 87% for preparing large antioxidative MXene flakes with an average lateral size of 8.3 µm, which combines the etching, electrolyte intercalation, interlay expansion, and short‐time sonication. Moreover, the MXene flakes can keep stable for over three months in the presence of water and oxygen, and even have good stability over 500 °C under an air atmosphere, ascribed to the protection of the surface electrolyte layer. Combined with bacterial cellulose, the MXene can serve as an intelligent resistance‐type sensor for contact/non‐contact fire alarm, and further integrate with IoT for remote fire detection and warning within 1 s. In addition, the MXene significantly improves the flame‐retardant properties of indoor textiles and household materials, owing to the large thermostable 2D barriers to restrain heat and mass transfer. This work establishes an innovative and efficient method to prepare the large antioxidative MXene flakes in high yield for practical usage and extends its application to polymeric fire safety.
Life Gain: Using a Co-creation Approach to Developing the Socio-emotional Intelligence of a Foundation Year Student Cohort
Authors: Devis-Rozental Camila , O’Sullivan Helen , Polkinghorne Martyn , Clarke Susanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter considers the transition of students from school to higher education, and the role that a Foundation Year can play in smoothing this change. Specifically, it reports on the development of the socio-emotional intelligence of students during this period, and questions if this better prepares them for undertaking a degree course. Using a co-creation approach, data relating to the socio-emotional intelligence of a small pilot cohort of business studies students studying were collected at the start of their Foundation Year, and again at the end, using a questionnaire survey. The data collected were based upon the students’ own self-reflections. A comparison of the data from this longitudinal study revealed the areas of personal growth that some students reported. Overall, the findings of the research were positive, and this pilot has demonstrated that this is a possible co-creation method for enhancing the socio-emotional development of Foundation Year students.
Interlude: A Look Around
Authors: Herbst Gernot , Madonski Rafal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEquipped with an essential understanding of ADRC, one could confidently move to the second part of the book, which deals with its practical implementation. But for those wishing to get a wider look at the topic of ADRC and get a bit more context than what has been provided in the book so far, we use this chapter to take a quick pause and look around. Here we recall what we covered so far in the first part, put things in historical perspective, and provide relevant bibliographical support. We also briefly touch on some of the topics in the area of ADRC, which, although interesting and horizon-broadening, go beyond the scope of this book, which is focused on fundamentals. Finally, we discuss what is to come in Part II.
Novel two component dark matter features in the Z2 × Z2 3HDM
Authors: Boto Rafael , Figueiredo Pedro N. , Romão Jorge C. , Silva João P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We discuss the constraints and phenomenology of the ℤ2 × ℤ2 three Higgs doublet model (3HDM) with two inert scalars, originating two dark matter (DM) particles. We elucidate the competing vacua and we submit the model to all theoretical and current experimental constraints. We find unexplored regions of parameter space and investigate their experimental signatures. In particular, we find regions where the two DM particles contribute equally to the relic DM density.
Field redefinitions and evolutions in relativistic Navier-Stokes
Authors: Bea Yago , Figueras Pau 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years the equations of relativistic first-order viscous hydrodynamics, that is, the relativistic version of Navier-Stokes, have been shown to be well posed and causal under appropriate field redefinitions, also known as hydrodynamic frames. We perform real-time evolutions of these equations for a conformal fluid and explore, quantitatively, the consequences of using different causal frames for different sets of initial data. By defining specific criteria, we make precise and provide evidence for the statement that the arbitrarily chosen frame does not affect the physics up to first order, as long as the system is in the effective field theory regime. Motivated by the physics of the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions we also explore systems which are marginally in the effective field theory regime, finding that even under these circumstances the first order physics is robust under field redefinitions.