bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second harmonic generation in the bulk of silicon induced by an electric field of a high power terahertz pulse
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. V. , Chefonov O. V. , Mishina E. D. , Agranat M. B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe experimental findings on the second harmonic generation (SHG) in centrosymmetric crystal silicon are reported. The SHG is induced by extremely high electric field (up to 15 MV/cm) parallel to the crystal surface of a short terahertz (THz) pulse while probing by an infrared femtosecond optical pulse. The SHG under such unique conditions is reported for the first time. At the electric field amplitude above 8 MV/cm, the quadratic dependence of the SHG yield integrated over the THz pulse duration on the electric field is violated and SHG yield is not changed with a further increase of the THz field. Saturation of SHG intensity at high electric fields is explained in terms of carrier density increase due to impact ionization and destructive interference of electric-field induced and current induced nonlinear polarizations.
Confocal photoluminescence investigation to identify basal stacking fault’s role in the optical properties of semi-polar InGaN/GaN lighting emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Y. , Smith R. M. , Jiu L. , Bai J. , Wang T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh spatial-resolution confocal photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been performed on a series of semi-polar (11–22) InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission wavelengths up to yellow. These LED samples have been grown on our high crystal quality semi-polar GaN templates which feature periodically distributed basal stacking faults (BSFs), which facilitates the study of the influence of BSFs on their optical performance. Scanning confocal PL measurements have been performed across BSFs regions and BSF-free regions. For the blue LED, both the emission intensity and the emission wavelength exhibit a periodic behavior, matching the periodic distribution of BSFs. Furthermore, the BSF regions show a longer emission wavelength and a reduced emission intensity compared with the BSF-free regions. However, with increasing indium content, this periodic behavior in both emission intensity and emission wavelength becomes weaker and weaker. When the indium content (and correspondingly, wavelength) increases up to achieve yellow emission, only random fluctuations have been observed. It is worth highlighting that the influence of BSFs on the optical properties of semi-polar InGaN LEDs is different from the role of dislocations which normally act as non-radiative recombination centers.
Testes and duct deferens of mice during space flight: cytoskeleton structure, sperm-specific proteins and epigenetic events
Authors: Ogneva Irina V. , Usik Maria A. , Loktev Sergey S. , Zhdankina Yuliya S. , Biryukov Nikolay S. , Orlov Oleg I. , Sychev Vladimir N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo analyze the effect of gravity on the structure of germinal tissues, we examined tissues of the testes and duct deferens of mice that were exposed to space flight conditions for 21–24 days (experiment Rodent Research-4, SpaceX-10 mission, February 2017, USA). We evaluated the levels of cytoskeletal proteins, sperm-specific proteins, and epigenetic events; in particular, we evaluated levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and of enzymes that regulate DNA methylation/demethylation. We did not detect changes in the levels of cytoskeletal proteins, sperm-specific proteins, DNA-methylases, DNA demethylases, DNA acetylases, or histone deacetylases. However, there were changes at the gene expression level. In particular, there was an increase in the demethylase Tet2 and a decrease in the histone deacetylase Hdac1. These gene expression changes may be of key importance during the early period of readaptation since they could lead to an increase in the expression of target genes.
Pre-existing H4K16ac levels in euchromatin drive DNA repair by homologous recombination in S-phase
Authors: Horikoshi Nobuo , Sharma Dharmendra , Leonard Fransisca , Pandita Raj K. , Charaka Vijaya K. , Hambarde Shashank , Horikoshi Nobuko T. , Gaur Khaitan Puja , Chakraborty Sharmistha , Cote Jacques , Godin Biana , Hunt Clayton R. , Pandita Tej K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway maintains genetic integrity after DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage and is particularly crucial for maintaining fidelity of expressed genes. Histone H4 acetylation on lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is associated with transcription, but how pre-existing H4K16ac directly affects DSB repair is not known. To answer this question, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce I-SceI sites, or repair pathway reporter cassettes, at defined locations within gene-rich (high H4K16ac/euchromatin) and gene-poor (low H4K16ac/heterochromatin) regions. The frequency of DSB repair by HR is higher in gene-rich regions. Interestingly, artificially targeting H4K16ac at specific locations using gRNA/dCas9-MOF increases HR frequency in euchromatin. Finally, inhibition/depletion of RNA polymerase II or Cockayne syndrome B protein leads to decreased recruitment of HR factors at DSBs. These results indicate that the pre-existing H4K16ac status at specific locations directly influences the repair of local DNA breaks, favoring HR in part through the transcription machinery.
Integrity of zinc finger motifs in PML protein is necessary for inducing its degradation by antimony
Authors: Yang Chang , Hao Rui , Lan Yong Fei , Chen Ye Jia , Wang Chao , Bu Na , Wang Qian Qian , Hussain Liaqat , Ma Li Ya , Maimaitiyiming Yasen , Lu Xiao Yang , Naranmandura Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAntimony (Sb) belongs to the same group as arsenic (As) in the periodic table, and both share similar characteristics. However, Sb2O3 (SbIII) has no methylation capacity, unlike arsenic trioxide (As2O3). In the present study, we determined the effect of SbIII on NB4 cells and found that antimony could induce PML-RARα fusion protein degradation, reorganization of PML-NBs, and NB4 cell differentiation with low cytotoxicity. On the other hand, zinc finger motifs in PML protein are considered to be a key target binding site for arsenic-induced PML-RARα protein degradation. Interestingly, antimony and arsenic lost their ability to degrade PML-RARα fusion protein in NB4 cells following pretreatment with phenanthroline (i.e., chelator of zinc ions), indicating that the integrity of zinc finger motifs in PML-RARα fusion protein is a fundamental condition for inducing the protein's degradation by antimony and arsenic. Moreover, we found that SbIII could not induce mutant PML (e.g., A126V and L218P) solubility change and degradation, similar to As2O3. In contrast, we found that the organic antimony compound phenylstibine oxide (PSO) could induce mutant PML protein degradation. In conclusion, our results indicate that SbIII might also be a promising agent to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, in the same manner as As2O3.
Sugar beet hemoglobins: reactions with nitric oxide and nitrite reveal differential roles for nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Leiva Eriksson Nélida , Reeder Brandon J. , Wilson Michael T. , Bülow Leif 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In contrast with human hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells, plant Hbs do not transport oxygen, instead research points towards nitrogen metabolism. Using comprehensive and integrated biophysical methods we characterized three sugar beet Hbs: BvHb1.1, BvHb1.2 and BvHb2. Their affinities for oxygen, CO, and hexacoordination were determined. Their role in nitrogen metabolism was studied by assessing their ability to bind NO, to reduce nitrite (NiR, nitrite reductase), and to form nitrate (NOD, NO dioxygenase). Results show that BvHb1.2 has high NOD-like activity, in agreement with the high nitrate levels found in seeds where this protein is expressed. BvHb1.1, on the other side, is equally capable to bind NO as to form nitrate, its main role would be to protect chloroplasts from the deleterious effects of NO. Finally, the ubiquitous, reactive, and versatile BvHb2, able to adopt ‘open and closed forms’, would be part of metabolic pathways where the balance between oxygen and NO is essential. For all proteins, the NiR activity is relevant only when nitrite is present at high concentrations and both NO and oxygen are absent. The three proteins have distinct intrinsic capabilities to react with NO, oxygen and nitrite; however, it is their concentration which will determine the BvHbs’ activity.
The membrane environment of cadherin adhesion receptors: a working hypothesis
Authors: Teo Jessica L. , Parton Robert G. , Yap Alpha S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Classical cadherin cell adhesion receptors are integral membrane proteins that mediate cell–cell interactions, tissue integrity and morphogenesis. Cadherins are best understood to function as membrane-spanning molecular composites that couple adhesion to the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, the membrane lipid environment of the cadherins is an under-investigated aspect of their cell biology. In this review, we discuss two lines of research that show how the membrane can directly or indirectly contribute to cadherin function. Firstly, we consider how modification of its local lipid environment can potentially influence cadherin signalling, adhesion and dynamics, focusing on a role for phosphoinositide-4,5-bisphosphate. Secondly, we discuss how caveolae may indirectly regulate cadherins by modifying either the lipid composition and/or mechanical tension of the plasma membrane. Thus, we suggest that the membrane is a frontier of cadherin biology that is ripe for re-exploration.
Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy: an invaluable microscopy tool for uncovering the biophysical rules for navigating the nuclear landscape
Authors: Priest David G. , Solano Ashleigh , Lou Jieqiong , Hinde Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nuclear architecture is fundamental to the manner by which molecules traverse the nucleus. The nucleoplasm is a crowded environment where dynamic rearrangements in local chromatin compaction locally redefine the space accessible toward nuclear protein diffusion. Here, we review a suite of methods based on fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) and how they have been employed to interrogate chromatin organization, as well as the impact this structural framework has on nuclear protein target search. From first focusing on a set of studies that apply FFS to an inert fluorescent tracer diffusing inside the nucleus of a living cell, we demonstrate the capacity of this technology to measure the accessibility of the nucleoplasm. Then with a baseline understanding of the exploration volume available to nuclear proteins during target search, we review direct applications of FFS to fluorescently labeled transcription factors (TFs). FFS can detect changes in TF mobility due to DNA binding, as well as the formation of TF complexes via changes in brightness due to oligomerization. Collectively, we find that FFS-based methods can uncover how nuclear proteins in general navigate the nuclear landscape.
20–50 GHz differential all‐pass networks for phase‐shifting applications
Authors: Anjos E.V.P. , Schreurs D.M.M.‐P. , Vandenbosch G.A.E. , Geurts M. 
Published: July 2019

In this Letter, four differential All‐Pass Networks are presented to introduce phase‐shift at millimetre waves using a linear‐phase synthesis procedure. The proposed networks achieve 1‐3.5 dB insertion loss while having across the whole bandwidth, showing an almost constant group‐delay, an RMS gain error of less than 0.15 dB and a phase‐error of less than .
Case of early-stage gastric cancer identified in the gastric mucosa with lanthanum phosphate deposition
Authors: Takatsuna Masafumi , Takeuchi Manabu , Usuda Hiroyuki , Terai Shuji 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims A 78-year-old man with Helicobacter pylori infection had been undergoing hemodialysis for chronic renal failure and receiving lanthanum carbonate preparations for 3 years. Endoscopy revealed fine white granular discoloration throughout the stomach, a moderately reddish depression on the lesser curvature of the gastric angle, and white granular discoloration in the surrounding area. A magnified image using narrow-band imaging showed that the depressed part had irregular vascular and pit structures. We established a diagnosis of intramucosal gastric cancer and performed endoscopic submucosal dissection. Histopathological examination revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma that was confined to the mucosa of the depressed area. Moreover, using an electron probe microanalyzer-equipped electron microscope, we found that the degree of lanthanum deposition was lower in the tumor region than in the non-tumor region. Thus, the current case can help in understanding the relationship between lanthanum deposition and early-stage gastric cancer. Because gastric cancers can occur in lanthanum deposit-containing mucosa, esophagogastroduodenoscopy should be used carefully after understanding the characteristics of early- stage gastric cancer in such cases.
Development, Validation, and Application of HPLC Method for Quantification of Antihyperuricemic Compounds from Lippia nodiflora in Rat Plasma
Authors: Cheng Lee-Chuen , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Chan Kit-Lam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn HPLC method for simultaneous determination of arenarioside (1 ), verbascoside (2), 6-hydroxyluteolin (3), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-glycoside (4), and nodifloretin (5) from Lippia nodiflora in rat plasma was developed and validated. The optimal chromatographic separation was achieved with a gradient mobile phase comprising 0.1% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile. The limit of detection was 78.1 ng/mL for 3 and 39.1 ng/mL for the other compounds (signal-to-noise ratio=3), whereas the limit of quantification was 312.5 ng/mL for 3 and 156.3 ng/mL for the other compounds (signal-to-noise ratio=12). The recovery values of compounds 1–5 ranged from 89.37–100.92%. Their accuracy values were between 96.48 and 105.81%, while their corresponding precision values were in the range of 0.75–9.06% for both intraday and inter-day analysis. The method was then applied in the first pharmacokinetic study of 1–5. Following intravenous administration, 1–5 were eliminated slowly from the body with a mean clearance value of 0.11, 0.13, 0.30, 0.09, and 0.23 L/kg h, respectively. Meanwhile, their peak plasma concentration upon oral administration was 8.97, 1.07, 1.06, 0.65, and 0.38 µg/mL, respectively. Compound 3 (5.97%) exhibited the highest absolute oral bioavailability value, followed by 1 (5.22%), 4 (3.13%), 2 (2.10%), and 5 (0.93%).
Surgical Treatment for Delayed Ulnar Carpometacarpal Fracture–Dislocations
Authors: Kato Jiro , Tsujii Masaya , Kitaura Yukie , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: July 2019

Background Fracture and dislocations of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joints except the thumb are relatively rare. Herein, we report the case of a delayed fracture–dislocation of fourth and fifth carpometacarpal joints.
Case Description The patient is a 41-year-old, right-handed male. To improve the complaints, such as decreased motion, reduced grip strength, and cosmetic appearance, surgical treatment surgically performed with resection of scar tissues and fixation using suture button at 11 weeks after injury. Movement began at 2 weeks after the surgery, which resulted in satisfactory appearance and good function of 92 and 101% of the motion of the unaffected side of the fifth CMC joint and grip strength, respectively.
Literature Review Missed diagnosis can cause impairment of function including grip strength and range of motion. Nevertheless, a few previous studies reported that patients with delayed diagnosis did not need further treatment because of less functional loss and less improvement.
Clinical Relevance The surgical treatment using the implant allowed early motion from 2 weeks after surgery which resulted in good motion of the ulnar CMC joints as well as increased hand grip.
Spontaneous self-assembly and structure of perfluoroalkylalkane surfactant hemimicelles by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Silva Gonçalo M. C. , Morgado Pedro , Lourenço Pedro , Goldmann Michel , Filipe Eduardo J. M. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Semifluorinated alkanes surfactants spontaneously form nanostructured Langmuir films at the surface of water, consisting of highly organized arrays of hemimicelles. These supramolecular nanostructures are potential candidates for numerous applications, from smart materials to medical devices. Despite all efforts, the principles governing the formation and structure of these hemimicelles are not understood. Atomistic molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations show the spontaneous formation of such aggregates strikingly resembling those experimentally observed, supporting a rational explanation for the formation, size and shape of the hemimicelles. The simulated grazing incidence X-ray diffraction spectrum matches that obtained experimentally, fully validating the MD results. Given the simplicity of these “primitive” amphiphiles compared with the common hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfactants, these results can contribute to understand self-assembly processes in general.
Cross-linguistic influence in the development of null arguments in early successive bilingual acquisition
Authors: Sopata Aldona 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The main goal of this study is to investigate the nature of null elements used in German by early successive bilingual Polish-German children. The language pair offers the opportunity to investigate the possibility of cross-linguistic influence in the area of null arguments between two languages which differ significantly in the nature of the null arguments allowed in the grammars. Longitudinal data from four bilingual children who were first exposed to L2 German between the ages of 2;6 and 4;7 years is used in the investigation. The results show that early successive bilinguals have no underlying grammatical representation involving pro in their L2. Neither are the null elements exclusively a result of topic drop, as they are in German, or of discourse drop, as they are in adult Polish grammar. The findings suggest that early bilinguals transfer an L1 strategy of linking null elements to general pragmatic contexts.
The agency of language in institutional talk
Authors: Caronia Letizia , Orletti Franca 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article, introducing the Special Issue, investigates the notion of “agency of language” and its historical roots: the phenomenological emphasis on the social actors’ role in constituting their Life-World. It reconstructs the genesis – at the beginning of the 20th century – of two ideas that still nourish contemporary interactional and pragmatic views of language: language meaning relies on use, language is a tool to perform activities. Focusing on dialogue in institutional settings, it illustrates how cultures, social orders, and moral horizons are talked-into-being and shaped through the activities performed in institutional talk. It also presents the contributions in the Special Issue that address the co-constitutive relationship between language, interaction, and culture from different disciplinary perspectives as well as methodological approaches.
Assessing a (gifted) child in parent-teacher conference
Authors: Caronia Letizia , Vandini Chiara Dalledonne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDelivering and acknowledging assessments are the most recurrent institutional activities occurring in parent-teacher conference. This paper reports data from a mother-teacher conference concerning a gifted child. We show how participants’ practices to accomplish and receive assessment in the report-assessment phase of the event: (a) display their relative epistemic and deontic rights, (b) are oriented to participants’ institutional relevant identities, and (c) project or even enact different and quite opposite assessment trajectories. We contend that struggles in assessing the child display participants’ different stances: teachers’ ‘normalizing’ and ‘group oriented’ trajectory vs. the mother’s orientation toward ‘doctorability’ and pressure for individualized treatment. Although typically occurring between routine-case oriented institutions vs. idiosyncratic-case oriented clients, such a struggle displays also the ‘paradoxical injunctions’ that frame teachers’ everyday work: adopting a ‘group-oriented’ perspective while at the same time being accountable for an individualized approach.
Downregulation of miR-145-5p elevates retinal ganglion cell survival to delay diabetic retinopathy progress by targeting FGF5
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Cui Changlei , Xu Haiyang 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of new-onset blindness. Recent studies showed that protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from high glucose-induced injury is a promising strategy for delaying DR. This study is to investigate the role of miR-145-5p in high glucose-induced RGC injury. Here, RGCs were randomly divided into low glucose and high glucose groups. PCR assay showed miR-145-5p was significantly upregulated in high glucose group. Transfection of miR-145-5p inhibitor decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, elevated cell viability and proliferation, as well as suppressed cell apoptosis by ELISA, MTT, EdU proliferation, colony formation and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed FGF5 as a target gene of miR-145-5p. FGF5 knockdown could partially reverse the protective effects of miR-145-5p on RGC-5 cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that inhibition of miR-145-5p might be a neuroprotective target for diabetes mellitus-related DR.
Abbreviations: DR: diabetic retinopathy; RGCs: retinal ganglion cells; miR-145-5p: microRNA-145-5p; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; WT: wild type; MUT: mutant type
Suppression of LINC00707 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PC-12 cells by regulated miR-30a-5p/Neurod 1
Authors: Zhu Shiping , Zhou Zhigang , Li Zhizhong , Shao Jianli , Jiao Genlong , Huang Yu′En , Lin Yongxin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has emerged as a pivotal regulator improving neural regeneration in the progression of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, whether lncRNAs can be targeted for therapeutic intervention of SCI remains unclear. In this study, we found that LINC00707 expression was significantly up-regulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated PC-12, a model that mimics nerve cell injury in an inflammatory environment after SCI. Suppression of LINC00707 alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Furthermore, we found that LINC00707 adsorbed miR-30a-5p and silenced miR-30a-5p or overexpressed Neurod 1 reversed the effect of LINC00707 on the inflammation and apoptosis of LPS-treated PC-12 cells. These findings revealed that LINC00707 alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PC-12 cells by targeting miR-30a-5p/Neurod 1, providing a preliminary theoretical basis for the clinical application of LINC00707 in SCI.