bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Added Value of Fetal MRI in the Evaluation of Fetal Anomalies of the Corpus Callosum: A Retrospective Analysis of 78 Cases
Authors: Manevich-Mazor Mirra , Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Bar Yosef Omer , Hoffmann Chen , Mazor Roei , Mosheva Mariela , Achiron Reuven , Katorza Eldad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the added value of fetal MRI to ultrasound in detecting and specifying callosal anomalies, and its impact on clinical decision making.
Methods Fetuses with a sonographic diagnosis of an anomalous corpus callosum (CC) who underwent a subsequent fetal brain MRI between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated and classified according to the severity of the findings. The findings detected on ultrasound were compared to those detected on MRI. An analysis was performed to assess whether fetal MRI altered the group classification, and thus the management of these pregnancies.
Results 78 women were recruited following sonographic diagnoses of either complete or partial callosal agenesis, short, thin or thick CC. Normal MRI studies were obtained inµ19 cases (24 %). Among these, all children available for follow-up received an adequate adaptive score in their Vineland II adaptive behavior scale assessment. Analysis of the concordance between US and MRI demonstrated a substantial level of agreement for complete callosal agenesis (kappa: 0.742), moderate agreement for thin CC (kappa: 0.418) and fair agreement for all other callosal anomalies. Comparison between US and MRI-based mild/severe findings classifications revealed that MRI contributed to a change in the management for 28 fetuses (35.9 %), mostly (25 fetuses, 32.1 %) in favor of pregnancy preservation.
Conclusion Fetal MRI effectively detects callosal anomalies and enables satisfactory validation of the presence or absence of callosal anomalies identified by ultrasound and adds valuable data that improves clinical decision making.
SSMART: sequence-structure motif identification for RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Munteanu Alina , Mukherjee Neelanjan , Ohler Uwe 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivation
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate every aspect of RNA metabolism and function. There are hundreds of RBPs encoded in the eukaryotic genomes, and each recognize its RNA targets through a specific mixture of RNA sequence and structure properties. For most RBPs, however, only a primary sequence motif has been determined, while the structure of the binding sites is uncharacterized.

Results
We developed SSMART, an RNA motif finder that simultaneously models the primary sequence and the structural properties of the RNA targets sites. The sequence-structure motifs are represented as consensus strings over a degenerate alphabet, extending the IUPAC codes for nucleotides to account for secondary structure preferences. Evaluation on synthetic data showed that SSMART is able to recover both sequence and structure motifs implanted into 3′UTR-like sequences, for various degrees of structured/unstructured binding sites. In addition, we successfully used SSMART on high-throughput in vivo and in vitro data, showing that we not only recover the known sequence motif, but also gain insight into the structural preferences of the RBP.

Availability and implementation
SSMART is freely available at https://ohlerlab.mdc-berlin.de/software/SSMART_137/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
What powers hyperluminous infrared galaxies at z ∼ 1–2?
Authors: Symeonidis M , Page M J 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigate what powers hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs; $L_{\rm IR, 8-1000\,\mu m}&gt;10^{13}$ L⊙) at z ∼ 1–2, by examining the behaviour of the infrared luminosity function of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in relation to the infrared galaxy luminosity function. The former corresponds to emission from AGN-heated dust only, whereas the latter includes emission from dust heated by stars and AGN. Our results show that the two luminosity functions are substantially different below 1013 L⊙ but converge in the HyLIRG regime. We find that the fraction of AGN-dominated sources increases with the total infrared luminosity and at $L_{\rm IR}&gt;10^{13.5}\, \rm L_{\odot }$ AGN can account for the entire infrared emission. We conclude that the bright end of the 1 &lt; $z$ &lt; 2 infrared galaxy luminosity function is shaped by AGN rather than star-forming galaxies.
Development of the Nervous System of Invertebrates
Authors: Hartenstein Volker 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The complex architecture of the nervous system is the result of a stereotyped pattern of proliferation and migration of neural progenitors in the early embryo, followed by the outgrowth of nerve fibers along rigidly controlled pathways, and the formation of synaptic connections between specific neurons during later stages. Detailed studies of these events in several experimentally amenable model systems indicated that many of the genetic mechanisms involved are highly conserved. This realization, in conjunction with new molecular-genetic techniques, has led to a surge in comparative neurodevelopmental research covering a wide variety of animal phyla over the past two decades. This chapter attempts to provide an overview of the diverse neural architectures that one encounters among invertebrate animals, and the developmental steps shaping these architectures.
Getting Out of the Garret
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The previous focus of musical creativity studies on the solitary composer has given way to a focus on collaborative, real-time performance. This chapter discusses a unified approach to both practices, according to which musical creativity is social, but the social is inherent in ostensively solitary work. At the core of this approach is ‘unpredictable emergence’ (Sawyer 2003) out of networks of human and nonhuman agents; this chapter extends Sawyer’s model of creative collaboration in jazz in such a way that it becomes equally applicable to classical and contemporary music making. The same approach is applied to compositional imagination, with particular emphasis on the materiality of bodies, instruments, and notations, and on how representations of music “talk back” to composers and prompt the emergence of unforeseen outcomes. The aim is to provide a more realistic account of musical creativity than the Romantic mythologies that have long skewed research in this area.
Timbre-Centered Listening in the Soundscape of Tuva
Authors: Levin Theodore , Süzükei Valentina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores timbre-centered listening as an enculturated practice among Tuvan pastoralists, whose perceptual focus on timbral qualities of sound correlates with exceptional acuity to ambient soundscape. Tuvan pastoralists’ prioritization of timbre as a locus of interest extends to human-made sound and music and is reflected in the timbre of two-stringed fiddles strung with horsehair strings, metal jaw harps, and the widespread vocal practice of xöömei, whose performers selectively reinforce harmonics naturally present in the voice. Enculturated listeners can describe the timbral qualities of sound with great precision using an ideophonic vocabulary consisting of onomatopoeia and other forms of sound symbolism, cross-modal sensory associations (e.g., the depiction of sound in visual and haptic terms), and affective words, which comprise a rich lexical resource. The central role of timbre in Tuvan music and its depiction in discourse about sound and music suggest a culturally specific and pervasive form of timbre-centered listening.
Tracing Timbre in Ancient Greece
Authors: Weiss Naomi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter investigates the timbral world of ancient Greece through a close analysis of particular types of sonic language in a selection of poetry and prose treatises, from Homeric epic to fifth-century BCE tragedy to the treatises of Aristotle and his school. By trying to locate this elusive category within accounts of music-making and sound more generally, it demonstrates not just the rich vocabulary for conveying different elements of an acoustic experience in the ancient Greek world, but the cultural valences of specific terms and images. In particular, the chapter shows how frequently the various auditory qualities that we might—however anachronistically—associate with timbre are as much social constructions as physical properties.
Israel’s Wars
Authors: Tal David 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The history of Israel is framed by wars. However, the nature of Israel’s wars has changed over time, from mainly infantry-based warfare to modern armor warfare, and from conventional warfare to regular armies clashing with nonstate combatants, known in the professional literature as low intensity conflict (LIC). Conventional warfare took place within a clear and well-defined territory, with relative separation between civilians and soldiers. Low intensity conflict has blurred the battlefield boundaries, and armed operations take place in civilian areas. With these changes, the meaning of victory has changed as well. The decisive military victory that marked the military campaigns of 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 is no longer relevant in the LIC battlefield. Conquest of territory and destruction of the enemy’s military forces, the hallmark of victory during the days of the conventional wars, are much less important in a mode of fighting in which the image of being able to continue to inflict damage is much more important.
Europe to Asia
Authors: Koryakova Ludmila 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter surveys cultural developments in the European part of the Russian Federation. Geographically this landscape varies from coniferous forests in the north, to steppe and semi-desert in the south, the Urals forming a natural eastern border to Europe. Chronologically the chapter covers the period from 900/800 BC through to the Great Migration of the third/fourth centuries AD. Although the pace of technological advance varied in different regions, the transition to iron was everywhere accompanied by the formation of new cultural and social types. Three principal cultural spheres existed: (1) the nomadic world, which greatly influenced Iron Age cultural and social developments elsewhere; (2) the forest cultures of the upper and middle Volga, Oka, and Dvina rivers; and (3) the world of Cis-Ural forest zone. Their major technological, economic, social, political, and ideological components are analysed, together with internal and interregional interactions and movements.
The Archaeological Record of Indian Ocean Engagements
Authors: Gupta Sunil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the Bay of Bengal littoral as its focus, this chapter reviews the archaeological evidence for human expansions, migrations, formation of exchange networks, long-distance trade, political impulses, and transmissions of technocultural traditions in deep time, from around 5000 bc to 500 ad. In doing so, the author offers the idea of the Bay of Bengal Interaction Sphere, a “neutral” model of analysis that sets aside the constraints of the old Indianization debate for South-Southeast Asian interaction and situates the Bay within a broader global framework extending from the Mediterranean to the Far East in a new narrative of contact and change.
The Impact of Political Finance Regulation on Party Organisation
Authors: Gauja Anika , Mills Stephen , Miragliotta Narelle , Tham Joo-Cheong , Nwokora Zim , Anderson Malcolm 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Political finance regulations require political parties to engage with a complex and multi-faceted regulatory environment. This article develops a framework to understand how political finance regulation impacts on party organisation and applies it to a diverse grouping of six parties from the Australian State of New South Wales. We find that all parties seek to capture the benefits of compliance, and minimise their exposure to the risks of non-compliance, by centralising and professionalising their organisation. However, the intensity of these responses is moderated by party characteristics, including levels of institutionalisation, party family type and incumbency status. The research thus highlights the intended and unintended consequences of regulation on party organisation, and illuminates the mechanisms through which change occurs.
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) controls growth and reproduction in Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Zhao Lu , Lu Zhigang , He Xin , Mughal Mudassar N. , Fang Rui , Zhou Yanqin , Zhao Junlong , Gasser Robin B. , Grevelding Christoph G. , Ye Qing , Hu Min 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSchistosomiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. Adult female schistosomes produce numerous eggs that are responsible for the pathogenesis and transmission of the disease, and the maturation of female gonads depends on the permanent pairing of females and males. Signaling protein kinases have been proven to control female gonad differentiation after pairing; however, little is known about the roles of protein phosphatases in the developmental and reproductive biology of schistosomes. Here we explored 3 genes encoding catalytic subunits of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) that were structurally and evolutionarily conserved in Schistosoma japonicum. In situ hybridization showed transcripts of 3 Sj‐pp1c genes mainly localized in the reproductive organs and tissues. Triple knockdown of Sj‐pp1c genes by RNA interference caused stunted growth and decreased pairing stability of worm pairs, as well as a remarkable reduction in cell proliferation activity and defects in reproductive maturation and fecundity. Transcriptomic analysis post–RNA interference suggested that Sj‐pp1c genes are involved in controlling worm development and maturation mainly by regulating cell proliferation, eggshell synthesis, nutritional metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, and neural process. Our study provides the first insight into the fundamental contribution of Sj‐PP1c to molecular mechanisms underlying the reproductive biology of schistosomes.—Zhao, L., Lu, Z., He, X., Mughal, M. N., Fang, R., Zhou, Y., Zhao, J., Gasser, R. B., Grevelding, C. G., Ye, Q., Hu, M. Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) controls growth and reproduction in Schistosoma japonicum. FASEB J. 32, 6626–6642 (2018). www.fasebj.org
My Patient Died: A National Study of Nursing Students’ Perceptions After Experiencing a Patient Death
Authors: Heise Barbara A. , Wing Debra K. , Hullinger Amy H. R. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this study was to examine, on a national level, nursing students’ perceptions after experiencing a patient death.

BACKGROUND
Death is a highly stressful experience for nursing students. Debriefing, which routinely occurs with a patient’s demise in the simulation setting, typically does not happen in actual death situations.

METHOD
A mixed-methods design using quantitative and qualitative questions as part of an anonymous survey was sent to the membership of the National Student Nurses’ Association. Of approximately 55,000 members, 2,480 responded to the survey.

RESULTS
Experiencing a patient death as a student occurred for 41 percent of participants in the nationally representative sample. Of those who experienced a patient death, 64 percent did not receive any debriefing.

CONCLUSION
Most nursing students did not feel prepared to care for a dying patient and the patient’s family. Students need and want more education on end-of-life nursing care.
Interaction between foods and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exercise in the induction of anaphylaxis
Authors: Bartra Joan , Araujo Giovanna , Muñoz-Cano Rosa 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of reviewTo assess the studies that focus on the study of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) and food-dependent NSAID-induced anaphylaxis (FDNIA).Recent findingsCofactors, as exercise and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are relevant in up to 30% of episodes of anaphylaxis. Gliadin and lipid transfer proteins are the main allergens involved. The attempts to reproduce FDEIA and FDNIA in a controlled setting have an important failure rate. The cyclooxigenase (COX) pathway could play an important role in the underlying mechanisms: NSAIDs and exercise increase the permeability of the intestinal barrier. This effect is stronger with NSAID that inhibit both isoforms than with preferential COX-2 inhibitor. Basophils obtained from FDNIA patients, showed an increase of its activation with the food allergen with lysine–aspirin compared with the food allergen alone. This potentiating effect was not observed when basophils were stimulated with the food allergen with selective COX-2 inhibitor. Other mechanisms including transient receptor potential superamily, reactive oxygen species, altered B-cell pathway and increased neutrophil activation markers have been speculated.SummaryThe frequent implication of cofactors, as exercise and NSAID, in food-induced anaphylaxis highlights the importance of recognizing and including them into diagnostic workup. The understanding of the underlying mechanisms would help in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Association With Subsequent Risky and Problem Drinking Initiation
Authors: Bensley Kara M. , Seelig Amber D. , Armenta Richard F. , Rivera Anna C. , Peterson Arthur V. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Littman Alyson J. , Maynard Charles , Bricker Jonathan B. , Boyko Edward J. , Rull Rudolph P. , Williams Emily C. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and unhealthy alcohol use are commonly associated conditions. It is unknown whether specific symptoms of PTSD are associated with subsequent initiation of unhealthy alcohol use.

Methods:
Data from the first 3 enrollment panels (n = 151,567) of the longitudinal Millennium Cohort Study of military personnel were analyzed (2001–2012). Complementary log-log models were fit to estimate whether specific PTSD symptoms and symptom clusters were associated with subsequent initiation of 2 domains of unhealthy alcohol use: risky and problem drinking (experience of 1 or more alcohol-related consequences). Models were adjusted for other PTSD symptoms and demographic, service, and health-related characteristics.

Results:
Eligible study populations included those without risky (n = 31,026) and problem drinking (n = 67,087) at baseline. In adjusted analyses, only 1 PTSD symptom—irritability/anger—was associated with subsequent increased initiation of risky drinking (relative risk [RR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.09) at least 3 years later. Two symptom clusters (dysphoric arousal [RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11–1.23] and emotional numbing [RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.22–1.40]) and 5 symptoms (restricted affect [RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.19], sense of foreshortened future [RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.18], exaggerated startle response [RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.13], sleep disturbance [RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.15], and irritability/anger [RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.17]) were associated with subsequent initiation of problem drinking.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that specific PTSD symptoms and symptom clusters are associated with subsequent initiation of unhealthy alcohol use.
Randomized, Prospective, Open-label Phase III Trial Comparing Mebo Ointment With Biafine Cream for the Management of Acute Dermatitis During Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Geara Fady B. , Eid Toufic , Zouain Nicolas , Thebian Ranim , Andraos Therese , Chehab Chirine , Ramia Paul , Youssef Bassem , Zeidan Youssef H. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
Acute radiation dermatitis is a common side-effect of radiotherapy in breast cancer and has a profound impact on patients’ quality of life, due to pain and discomfort. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of β-sitosterol (Mebo) ointment to trolamine (Biafine) cream for the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective open-label randomized phase III study developed to assess the efficacy of 2 topical agents used for management of acute radiation dermatitis. Female breast cancer patients who needed a course of radiation therapy in our institution were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups 1 with Mebo ointment and 1 with Biafine cream. Both medications were applied twice per day during the whole period of treatment and skin reactions and related symptoms were assessed weekly during the entire course. Grading of skin reactions was done according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grading system.

Results:
Between September 2015 and May 2017, a total of 161 patients were recruited for this trial. Mean age was similar for both groups (50.19±12.57 vs. 51.73±11.23, respectively, P=0.41). All other patients and treatment characteristics were similar in both groups, except for the use of boost (82.7% in the Biafine group vs. 36.7% in Mebo group, P=0.012). Analysis was done for reactions recorded before the beginning of the boost and for the entire course including the boost. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference in grades 2 and 3 dermatitis between the 2 groups. However, the incidence of severe pruritus and severe local skin pain were both significantly reduced in the Mebo group (14.1% in Biafine vs. 2.9% in Mebo, P=0.016 for pruritus and 11.5% vs. 1.4%, respectively, P=0.02 for severe pain).

Conclusions:
This study showed no difference between Mebo and Biafine in the incidence and severity of breast skin dermatitis during radiation therapy. However, the use of Mebo ointment was associated with decreased severe pruritus and pain which could positively affect patient comfort and quality of life.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Salman Lina , Ben-Haroush Avi , Raban Oded , Yeoshoua Effi , Sabah Gad , Jakobson-Setton Ariella , Tsoref Daliah , Eitan Ram 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
Little is known on the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) treatment modifications on surgical outcome and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with ovarian carcinoma. We aimed to report the changes we made during NACT and to evaluate its impact on patient outcome.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of all women with advanced stage ovarian carcinoma treated with NACT followed by interval cytoreduction in one university-affiliated medical center (January 2005 to June 2017). We excluded those who were treated with NACT without any surgical intervention. NACT modifications included delay in treatment, change in chemotherapy, and dose reduction. Demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical outcome, and PFS were compared between patients exposed to NACT treatment modifications and those who received standard treatment.

Results:
Seventy-nine patients met inclusion criteria of whom, 59 patients received standard, nonmodified treatment and 20 patients modified NACT. There were no intergroup differences with respect to age at diagnosis (59.5±11.6 vs. 64.70±8.09, P=0.09) and stage of disease (P=0.13). Radiologic complete response rates (25.0% vs. 32.2%, P=0.545) and optimal cytoreduction rates (75.0% vs. 86.4%, P=0.23) were similar in both treatment groups. Mean PFS (in months) was comparable between patients receiving standard treatment and those who required NACT modifications (18.5 vs. 12.2, P=0.125).

Conclusions:
NACT treatment modifications did not affect surgical outcome and PFS. We conclude that when clinically indicated, dose alteration and scheduling can be implemented without apparent detriment to outcome.