bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated network and hosts energy management for cloud data centers
Authors: Al‐Jarrah Omar , Al‐Zoubi Zohour , Jararweh Yaser 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCloud computing provides online services to users from anywhere in a pay‐as‐you‐go basis. This leads to the construction of different forms of data centers around the world, which usually consumes huge amount of energy and produce pollution (heat and carbon dioxide footprint). Many efforts have focused on managing cloud resources to decrease their energy consumption. Since servers are the highest energy consumers in data centers, most researchers have focused on optimizing their energy consumption while other resources such as network devices and cooling systems have received less attention. In this paper, we propose a network‐aware virtual machine (VM) relocation algorithm, which optimizes the distribution of the VMs running on the data center in order to conserve energy in both servers and network devices (switches). The proposed technique targets the communicated VMs and places them closer to each other. This would reduce the traffic overhead between any communicating VMs so that fewer network devices are involved in the communication process. This also increases the VMs consolidation to some servers while leaving other servers idle. Switching off the idle servers and network devices would significantly reduce the total energy consumed by the data center. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using simulation and the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared against different previously proposed algorithms in the literature. Performance metrics used are the energy consumed by the host and by the network switches, the service level agreement violations, and the number of VM migrations. The impact of different packet sizes, the efficiency of switching the network elements to sleep mode, and the impact of resource homogeneity and heterogeneity are also studied and discussed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of all evaluation metrics.
Analysis of steroid hormones in shell eggs from layer breeds common to Taiwan by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li I‐Chen , Yang Wen‐Yuan , Chou Chung‐Hsi , Chen Yi‐Chen , Kuo Su‐Lien , Wang Sheng‐Yao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSteroid hormones are often used in animal agriculture but are currently banned for use in domesticated fowl because residual hormones could be present in eggs for human consumption. Egg samples from eight common commercial poultry layer breeds (Hy‐Line W‐36, Hy‐Line Brown, ISA‐White, ISA‐Brown, Lohnmann Ultra‐Lite, Lohnmann‐Brown, Hisex White, Hisex Brown) in Taiwan were screened for a combination of 15 natural and synthetic steroid hormones by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) for consumer assurance. Only natural hormones such as progesterone, 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione, and testosterone were detected. Regarding each breed, the interaction effect (age × shell color), main effect (age or shell color), and blocking effect (lighting system) were further analyzed by using 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized block design. We also discovered associations between yolk steroid hormone levels and laying hen age, as well as lighting conditions. Additionally, we found a correlation between hormone levels and eggshell color, suggesting a potential role in brown pigmentation. Ultimately, we concluded that detectable steroid hormone levels in eggs were not a consumer health risk. Furthermore, these data provide empirical hormone concentrations in various types of commercial layer breeds for future research.
Design of a Pilot SOFC System for the Combined Production of Hydrogen and Electricity under Refueling Station Requirements
Authors: Pérez‐Fortes M. , Mian A. , Srikanth S. , Wang L. , Diethelm S. , Varkaraki E. , Mirabelli I. , Makkus R. , Schoon R. , Maréchal F. , Van herle J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of the current work is to support the design of a pilot hydrogen and electricity producing plant that uses natural gas (or biomethane) as raw material, as a transition option towards a 100% renewable transportation system. The plant, with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as principal technology, is intended to be the main unit of an electric vehicle station. The refueling station has to work at different operation periods characterized by the hydrogen demand and the electricity needed for supply and self‐consumption. The same set of heat exchangers has to satisfy the heating and cooling needs of the different operation periods. In order to optimize the operating variables of the pilot plant and to provide the best heat exchanger network, the applied methodology follows a systematic procedure for multi‐objective, i.e. maximum plant efficiency and minimum number of heat exchanger matches, and multi‐period optimization. The solving strategy combines process flow modeling in steady state, superstructure‐based mathematical programming and the use of an evolutionary‐based algorithm for optimization. The results show that the plant can reach a daily weighted efficiency exceeding 60%, up to 80% when considering heat utilization.
Improved accuracy of hemimandibular reconstructions involving the condyle by utilizing hydroformed reconstruction plates rather than hand‐bent stock plates
Authors: Ong Hui Shan , Liu Jian Nan , Ahmed Abdelrehem , Qu Xing Zhou , Wan Kenneth , Xie Dong Ping , Zhang Chen Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) surgical templates allow precise mandibular reconstructive surgery. However, their clinical accuracy is limited by manual plate bending. Digitally hydroformed plates maintain a digital workstream in virtual planning.MethodsTwelve patients with Brown's class IIc mandibular defects were randomized into two groups: group I (experimental), the reconstruction plate was digitally hydroformed, and group II (control), surgeries were performed CAD/CAM guided with the reconstruction plate manually prebent. The linear and angular deviations of reconstruction outcomes were compared to surgical simulation in both groups.ResultsThe mean linear and angular deviations of middle and posterior segments were 2.14 ± 0.79 mm, 3.71 ± 0.95 mm, 8.73° ± 1.91°, and 9.06° ± 0.96° in group I and 4.31 ± 0.78 mm, 6.74 ± 1.40 mm, 16.35° ± 0.72°, and 31.48° ± 3.38° in group II, respectively. Measurements in group I were significantly lower than group II (P < .005).ConclusionDigital hydroforming for plate prebent is a reliable method that helps improving the clinical accuracy of CAD/CAM‐guided mandibular reconstruction surgery.
Halting ionic shuttle to disrupt the synthetic machinery—Structural and molecular insights into the inhibitory roles of Bedaquiline towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATP synthase in the treatment of tuberculosis
Authors: Salifu Elliasu Y. , Agoni Clement , Olotu Fisayo A. , Dokurugu Yussif M. , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTherapeutic targeting of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) machinery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has recently presented a potent and alternative measure to halt the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. This has been potentiated by the development of bedaquiline (BDQ), a novel small molecule inhibitor that selectively inhibits mycobacterial F1Fo‐ATP synthase by targeting its rotor c‐ring, resulting in the disruption of ATP synthesis and consequential cell death. Although the structural resolution of the mycobacterial C9 ring in co`mplex with BDQ provided the first‐hand detail of BDQ interaction at the c‐ring region of the ATP synthase, there still remains a need to obtain essential and dynamic insights into the mechanistic activity of this drug molecule towards crucial survival machinery of Mtb. As such, for the first time, we report an atomistic model to describe the structural dynamics that explicate the experimentally reported antagonistic features of BDQ in halting ion shuttling by the mycobacterial c‐ring, using molecular dynamics simulation and the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson‐Boltzmann Surface Area methods. Results showed that BDQ exhibited a considerably high ΔG while it specifically maintained high‐affinity interactions with Glu65B and Asp32B, blocking their crucial roles in proton binding and shuttling, which is required for ATP synthesis. Moreover, the bulky nature of BDQ induced a rigid and compact conformation of the rotor c‐ring, which impedes the essential rotatory motion that drives ion exchange and shuttling. In addition, the binding affinity of a BDQ molecule was considerably increased by the complementary binding of another BDQ molecule, which indicates that an increase in BDQ molecule enhances inhibitory potency against Mtb ATP synthase. Taken together, findings provide atomistic perspectives into the inhibitory mechanisms of BDQ coupled with insights that could enhance the structure‐based design of novel ATP synthase inhibitors towards the treatment of tuberculosis.
The granular capacitive moving bed reactor for the scale up of bioanodes
Authors: Borsje Casper , Sleutels Tom , Saakes Michel , Buisman Cees JN , ter Heijne Annemiek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDScaling up bioelectrochemical systems for the treatment of wastewater faces challenges. Material costs, low conductivity of wastewater and clogging are issues that need a novel approach. The granular capacitive moving bed reactor can potentially solve these challenges. In this reactor, capacitive activated carbon granules are used as bioanode material. The charge storage capabilities of these capacitive granules allow for the physical separation of the charging and the discharging process and therefore a separation of the wastewater treatment and energy recovery process.RESULTSThis study investigates the performance of the granular capacitive moving bed reactor. In this reactor, activated granules were transported from the bottom to the top of the reactor using a gas lift and settled on top of the granular bed, which moved downwards through the internal discharge cell. This moving granular bed was applied to increase the contact time with the discharge anode to increase the current density. The capacitive moving bed reactor (total volume 7.7 L) produced a maximum current of 23 A m−2 normalized to membrane area (257 A m−3granules). Without granules, the current was only 1.4 A m−2membrane. The activity of the biofilm on the granules increased over time, from 436 up to 1259 A m−3granules. A second experiment produced similar areal current density and increase in activity over time.CONCLUSIONWhereas the produced current density is promising for further scaling up of bioanodes, the main challenges are to improve the discharge of the charged granules and growth of biofilm on the granules under shear stress. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Hard meso/macroporous iron oxide/iron silicate macrospheres obtained by the multi‐templating technique
Authors: Muresan Emil Ioan , Pui Aurel , Măluţan Teodor , Coroabă Adina , Cimpoesu Nicanor , Istrate Bogdan , Pinteală Mariana 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was to develop a cheap and easy method for the synthesis of porous iron oxide/iron silicate composite materials in the form of spheres to replace their corresponding counterparts in powder form. Macrospheres with diameters in the range 1.2–1.3 mm were prepared by the spray‐gelling technique using the multi‐templating method. Iron nitrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate were used as iron and silica sources respectively. Chitosan played a dual role (pore‐ and shape‐generating agent), while other inexpensive and easily accessible biomaterials including yeast and gelatin were used as pore generators. By this technique can be obtained metallosilicates or metal oxides/metallosilicates containing high amounts of metal incorporated within the silica framework.RESULTSThe iron oxide/iron silicate composite beads were characterized by nitrogen sorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance (DR) ultraviolet (UV)–visible and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Wide angle XRD indicated the presence of iron oxides on the surface of sample. XPS, FTIR, Raman and UV–visible analyses showed that the samples contained both intra‐framework as well as extra‐framework iron species. SEM images indicated that the macrospheres were endowed with large pores. The iron oxide/iron silicate beads exhibited good catalytic activity in the hydroxylation reaction of phenol with hydrogen peroxide.CONCLUSIONThis synthesis method allowed the obtaining of spherical shaped particles with large pores which exhibited good mechanical, thermal and chemical stability. Owing to their size, hardness and shape, these materials can be easily handled, recovered and reused. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Variation pattern of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community succession during swine manure composting under different aeration strategies
Authors: Chang Jiali , Jiang Tao , Zhao Mengxin , Yang Juan , Wen Zhiguo , Yang Feng , Ma Xuguang , Li Guoxue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnimal manure is one of the significant sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and an emerging pollutant that poses a threat to human beings. Composting is a common method of treating manure. The effect of composting on the ARGs in manure has become an active research area in recent years. In this study, three common aeration strategies were used to study the removal of ARGs and to clarify their microbial mechanism during composting, i.e. forced aeration (with three ventilation rates), turn windrow and static pile.RESULTSResults showed that the variation pattern of ARGs was highly dependent on the succession of the microbial community, and environmental factors accounted for 44% of the variation. Most ARGs (tetW/tetO/tetH, qnrS, ermB and blaTEM) could be significantly reduced after composting for 77 days, but sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI/sulII) and the integrase gene (intI) were highly enriched, particularly in forced aeration treatment. These enrichments were closely correlated with an increase in the genera belonging to Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and a decrease in the genera affiliated with Firmicutes.CONCLUSIONSThe temporal variations in ARGs were consistent under different aeration treatments. Further study should focus on optimizing the composting conditions to reduce recalcitrant ARGs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of original and alternative fistula risk scores in postoperative pancreatic fistula
Authors: Ryu Youngju , Shin Sang Hyun , Park Dae Joon , Kim Naru , Heo Jin Seok , Choi Dong Wook , Han In Woong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn 2013, the fistula risk score (FRS) was developed to assess the risk of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF). In 2017, the alternative FRS (a‐FRS) was proposed. The purpose of this study was to validate the original FRS (o‐FRS) and a‐FRS for CR‐POPF in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2016, 1,771 patients underwent PD for periampullary cancers. POPF was defined and classified according to the 2016 International Study Group for Pancreatic Fistula. All data were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsPathologic diagnosis other than ductal adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001), pancreas duct diameter (P < 0.001), and body mass index (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CR‐POPF. Pancreatic texture (P = 0.534) and estimated blood loss (P = 0.827) were not associated with CR‐POPF. The CR‐POPF incidence increased with increasing o‐FRS score (P < 0.001), and also increased statistically significantly with increasing a‐FRS in the higher risk group (P < 0.001). However, the correlations differed. The area under the curve was 0.629 for o‐FRS and 0.622 for a‐FRS.ConclusionsBoth o‐FRS and a‐FRS might reflect CR‐POPF incidence, but some risk factors had no or low statistical significance. Further research is needed to revise the FRS.
Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activities of Benzofuran–Isatin Hybrids Tethered by Pentylene and Hexylene
Authors: Xu Kai , Liu Yiding , Wang Ruo , Cai Panya , Fang Yanjie 
Published: May 2019

Fourteen benzofuran–isatin hybrids 6a–f and 7a–h tethered via alkyl linker (pentylene and hexylene) were designed and synthesized, and hybrids 6c–f and 7a–h were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. The majority of the hybrids were active against the tested cancer cells, and the most active hybrids 7g (half maximal inhibitory concentration/IC50: 77.2–88.9 μM) and 7h (IC50: 65.4–89.7 μM), which possessed broad spectrum anticancer activity were as potent as the reference vorinostat (IC50: 64.2–>100 μM) against all tested cancer cell lines, could act as leads for further investigations. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed, and the enriched structure–activity relationship may afford useful information for further rational design of the candidates with higher activity.
Research on beam‐wave interaction of EIK in THz band
Authors: Chen Ke , Xu Qian , Xiong Neng , Xu Wang‐Ju , Zhang Kai‐Chun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe extended interaction klystron, which has high power, high efficiency, and high gain characteristics in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, is a compact electric vacuum device. In this paper, a multisection coupling cavity, each of which consists of multiple gaps, is proposed as the high‐frequency circuit of the extended interaction klystron and the beam‐wave interaction is studied. According to the space charge wave theory, the electronic conductance in the multigap cavity is studied. With the operating frequency of 225 GHz and the electron beam voltage of 12 to 13.65 kV, the system can achieve a stable operation. In the multigap cavity, the amplitude of electronic conductance increases with gap number. It means that the large gap number can enhance the beam‐wave interaction. The beam‐wave interaction is studied by establishing the impedance matrix of the multigap coupling cavity and using the electronic disk model. Under the condition of the electron beam voltage of 13.03 kV, the current density of 65A/cm2, and the signal frequency range of 225.63 to 225.67 GHz, the electron conversion efficiency is about 6.5%. Compared with the particle‐in‐cell simulation, the theoretical research results agree well with the simulation results. It verifies that the method in this paper is accuracy and reliability.
β‐Hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine Complex on Muscle Volume Loss in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Nakamura Kensuke , Kihata Atsushi , Naraba Hiromu , Kanda Naoki , Takahashi Yuji , Sonoo Tomohiro , Hashimoto Hideki , Morimura Naoto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundβ‐Hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of leucine, can strongly induce muscle protein synthesis. We evaluated the efficacy of HMB complex on muscle volume loss during critical care.MethodsFor this prospective, single‐center, randomized control trial, we created control and HMB groups by random assignment of intensive care unit (ICU) patients for whom enteral nutrition could be performed. From 164 ICU patients, 88 severely ill patients were included and assigned: 43 to control and 45 to HMB. From day 2 after admission, HMB group were administered 3 g HMB, 14 g arginine, and 14 g glutamine daily in addition to standard nutrition therapy. Early rehabilitation with electrical muscle stimulation was started from day 2 in both groups. As a primary outcome, we evaluated femoral muscle volume using computed tomography on days 1 and 10.ResultsFemoral muscle volumes of 24 control and 26 HMB group participants were analyzed as per protocol. Volumes decreased significantly during days 1–10 (P < 0.0001). Volume loss rates were 14.4 ± 7.1% for control participants and 11.4 ± 8.1% for HMB participants (P = 0.18). In a subgroup of the sequential organ failure assessment scores <10, femoral muscle volume loss was 14.0 ± 6.9% for control participants and 8.7 ± 6.4% for HMB (P = 0.0474). Results of intention‐to‐treat analysis of the 2 groups showed no differences in basic characteristics or outcomes.ConclusionsFor critically ill patients, HMB complex supplementation from the acute phase of intensive care does not inhibit muscle volume loss.
Chronic kidney disease and the risk of incident hearing loss
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Curhan Sharon G. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Klein Barbara E.K. , Klein Ronald , Curhan Gary C. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThere is a strikingly high prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss among patients with chronic kidney disease, with estimates ranging from 36% to 77%; however, longitudinal data are limited. We assessed whether lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using creatinine (eGFRCr), as well as decline in eGFRCr over time, were associated with incident hearing loss.MethodsSerum creatinine was measured in 1,843 individuals aged 48 to 80 years without hearing loss at the start of the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study in 1993. Follow‐up creatinine assessments were conducted at 5 (n = 1,526) and 10 (n = 1,095) years. Hearing tests were conducted at baseline and at 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year follow‐up visits. The risk of hearing loss was assessed as a function of baseline eGFRCr as well as a function of a 20% decline in eGFRCr between baseline and 5 years and between 5 and 10 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the risk of incident speech‐frequency hearing loss, defined as pure tone average (PTA) > 25 decibels hearing loss for thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz (PTA0.5,1,2,4) in either ear.ResultsDuring 15,676 person‐years of follow up, there were 802 cases of incident hearing loss. There was no statistically significant association between lower baseline eGFRCr and risk of incident hearing loss. Decline in eGFRCr was also not associated with incident hearing loss at speech frequencies.ConclusionOverall, there was no significant association between eGFRCr or decline in eGFRCr using the serum creatinine‐based equation and risk of incident hearing loss.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 130:E213–E219, 2020