bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting Serious About Serious Games: Best Practices for Computer Games in Reading Classrooms
Authors: McTigue Erin M. , Uppstad Per Henning 
Published: July 2018

AbstractComputer games and computer‐assisted instruction have become prevalent in reading classrooms. However, research‐based guidance for teacher use of such resources has not progressed at the same rate. In lieu of research, myths circulate about the utility of these resources, particularly when students use computer games independently. The authors synthesize research regarding computer games for young readers and particularly focus on issues of classroom implementation. This article is structured as a series of myths regarding expectations and best practices with computer games. The authors then present research findings to refute the myths and conclude with practical recommendations for teachers. Final recommendations emphasize the need for young readers to interact more, with adults and peers, in order for the learning that occurs in the computer environment to transfer to authentic reading activities. The authors encourage teachers to draw on pedagogical and content knowledge to be critical consumers of computer resources.
Analog mental representation
Authors: Beck Jacob 
Published: July 2018

Over the past 50 years, philosophers and psychologists have perennially argued for the existence of analog mental representations of one type or another. This study critically reviews a number of these arguments as they pertain to three different types of mental representation: perceptual representations, imagery representations, and numerosity representations. Along the way, careful consideration is given to the meaning of “analog” presupposed by these arguments for analog mental representation, and to open avenues for future research.This article is categorized under:Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive SciencePhilosophy > RepresentationPhilosophy > Psychological Capacities
Modelling turbulence intensity within a large offshore wind farm
Authors: Argyle Peter , Watson Simon , Montavon Christiane , Jones Ian , Smith Megan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe IEC standard 61400‐1 edition 3 uses the so‐called Frandsen model to assess levels of turbulence intensity (TI) within wind farms, specifically to determine turbine suitability associated with stress and fatigue. Since the Frandsen model was developed, turbines have significantly grown in size and the number of turbines in an individual wind farm has grown in number. It is of interest to test the accuracy of such models, especially when applied to large wind farms offshore. This work presents results from comparing the Frandsen model with measured data from the Greater Gabbard offshore wind farm. Comparisons are also made with a simplified version of the Frandsen model. In general, both models were shown to perform well when predicting values of TI. However, the ambient wind farm turbulence model utilised by the Frandsen model was shown to be less reliable than the use of an individual turbine wake‐generated turbulence model, regardless of distance, as demonstrated using a simplified model. The difference between observed mean and 90th percentile (also known as representative TI) values was in general larger than that predicted. It is proposed that this is primarily due to model reliance on variance in the turbulence of the freestream flow rather than actually modelling the variance of the turbulence generated by individual turbines, although this would require further work to confirm this.
Current knowledge and recent insights into the genetic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Volk Alexander E. , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Andersen Peter M. , Ludolph Albert C. , Kubisch Christian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent motor neuron disease, affecting the upper and/or lower motor neurons. However, extramotor symptoms can also occur; cognitive deficits are present in more than 40% of patients and 5–8% of ALS patients develop frontotemporal dementia. There is no effective treatment for ALS and median survival is 2–3 years after onset.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with monogenic forms as well as complex genetic etiology. Currently, complex genetic risk factors are of minor interest for routine diagnostic testing or counseling of patients and their families. By contrast, a monogenic cause can be identified in 70% of familial and 10% of sporadic ALS cases. The most frequent genetic cause is a noncoding hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing technologies have helped to identify additional monogenic and complex risk factors of ALS.
Genetic counseling should be offered to all ALS patients and their first- and possibly second-degree relatives, and should include information about the possibilities and limitations of genetic testing. Routine diagnostic testing should at least encompass the most frequently mutated disease genes (C9orf72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS). Targeted sequencing approaches including further disease genes may be applied. Caution is warranted as the C9orf72 repeat expansion cannot be detected by routine sequencing technologies and testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is failure-prone.
Predictive testing is possible in families in which a genetic cause has been identified, but the limitations of genetic testing (i. e., the problems of incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity and possible oligogenic inheritance) have to be explained to the families.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in oral cancer patients in China: a case–control prospective study
Authors: Zhou N. , Zhang X. Y. , Li Y. X. , Wang L. , Wang L. L. , Cong W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOver the recent years, potential associations between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and cancer risk have attracted a lot of attention. Nevertheless, the association between T. gondii infection and oral cancer remains relatively unexplored. We performed a case–control study of 861 oral cancer patients and 861 control subjects from eastern China with the aim to detect antibodies to T. gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in these patients. The results showed that oral cancer patients (21.72%, 187/861) had a significantly higher seroprevalence than control subjects (8.25%, 71/861) (P < 0.001). Among them, 144 (16.72%) oral cancer patients and 71 (8.25%) control subjects were positive for IgG antibodies to T. gondii, while 54 (6.27%) oral cancer patients and 9 (1.05%) controls were positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. In addition, multiple logistic analysis showed that T. gondii infection in oral cancer patients was associated with blood transfusion history, keeping cats at home, and oyster consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provided a serological evidence of an association between T. gondii infection and oral cancer patients. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of T. gondii in oral cancer patients.
Bioefficacy of Unitary and Binary Botanical Combinations Against Mexican Bean Weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Bayih Tegegne , Tamiru Amanuel , Egigu Meseret Chimdessa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman, is a significant pest of stored beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that causes considerable loss in the quality and quantity of bean grain in Africa. In the past two to three decades, researchers have attempted to identify botanicals with better insecticidal potential against storage pests. However, there is a lack of information on the potency of botanical combinations, their toxicology, and optimal application rates. This study was conducted to examine the bioefficacy of unitary and binary botanical combinations of Jatropha curcas (L.), Datura stramonium (L.), Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.), Schinus molle (L.), and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) against Z. subfasciatus at 1% and 2% w/w dosages. The insecticidal activities of the botanicals were measured based on their effect on adult mortality of Z. subfasciatus and progeny reduction, grain weight loss, and weevil perforation index. Among botanical admixtures, binary combinations of C. ambrosioides + D. stramonium, J. curcas + C. ambrosioides, and S. molle + C. ambrosioides were the most potent. They resulted in the highest mortality of Z. subfasciatus, low weevil perforation index or none, and grain weight loss at the most moderate test dosage (1% w/w). Treatment with C. ambrosioides resulted in the highest efficacy when applied individually. We failed to observe any notable difference in toxicity between dosage levels among the binary botanical combinations. However, the effectiveness of unitary formulations improved with the increase in dosage rate. Application of botanicals did not adversely affect bean seed germination. Our study suggests that botanicals in binary mixtures may enhance the potency of constituent components for effective control of Z. subfasciatus.
Single-shot real-time femtosecond imaging of temporal focusing
Authors: Liang Jinyang , Zhu Liren , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile the concept of focusing usually applies to the spatial domain, it is equally applicable to the time domain. Real-time imaging of temporal focusing of single ultrashort laser pulses is of great significance in exploring the physics of the space–time duality and finding diverse applications. The drastic changes in the width and intensity of an ultrashort laser pulse during temporal focusing impose a requirement for femtosecond-level exposure to capture the instantaneous light patterns generated in this exquisite phenomenon. Thus far, established ultrafast imaging techniques either struggle to reach the desired exposure time or require repeatable measurements. We have developed single-shot 10-trillion-frame-per-second compressed ultrafast photography (T-CUP), which passively captures dynamic events with 100-fs frame intervals in a single camera exposure. The synergy between compressed sensing and the Radon transformation empowers T-CUP to significantly reduce the number of projections needed for reconstructing a high-quality three-dimensional spatiotemporal datacube. As the only currently available real-time, passive imaging modality with a femtosecond exposure time, T-CUP was used to record the first-ever movie of non-repeatable temporal focusing of a single ultrashort laser pulse in a dynamic scattering medium. T-CUP’s unprecedented ability to clearly reveal the complex evolution in the shape, intensity, and width of a temporally focused pulse in a single measurement paves the way for single-shot characterization of ultrashort pulses, experimental investigation of nonlinear light-matter interactions, and real-time wavefront engineering for deep-tissue light focusing.
Assessment of the impact of shared brain imaging data on the scientific literature
Authors: Milham Michael P. , Craddock R. Cameron , Son Jake J. , Fleischmann Michael , Clucas Jon , Xu Helen , Koo Bonhwang , Krishnakumar Anirudh , Biswal Bharat B. , Castellanos F. Xavier , Colcombe Stan , Di Martino Adriana , Zuo Xi-Nian , Klein Arno 
Published: July 2018

AbstractData sharing is increasingly recommended as a means of accelerating science by facilitating collaboration, transparency, and reproducibility. While few oppose data sharing philosophically, a range of barriers deter most researchers from implementing it in practice. To justify the significant effort required for sharing data, funding agencies, institutions, and investigators need clear evidence of benefit. Here, using the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative, we present a case study that provides direct evidence of the impact of open sharing on brain imaging data use and resulting peer-reviewed publications. We demonstrate that openly shared data can increase the scale of scientific studies conducted by data contributors, and can recruit scientists from a broader range of disciplines. These findings dispel the myth that scientific findings using shared data cannot be published in high-impact journals, suggest the transformative power of data sharing for accelerating science, and underscore the need for implementing data sharing universally.
HIV-1 targets L-selectin for adhesion and induces its shedding for viral release
Authors: Kononchik Joseph , Ireland Joanna , Zou Zhongcheng , Segura Jason , Holzapfel Genevieve , Chastain Ashley , Wang Ruipeng , Spencer Matthew , He Biao , Stutzman Nicole , Kano Daiji , Arthos James , Fischer Elizabeth , Chun Tae-Wook , Moir Susan , Sun Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCD4 and chemokine receptors mediate HIV-1 attachment and entry. They are, however, insufficient to explain the preferential viral infection of central memory T cells. Here, we identify L-selectin (CD62L) as a viral adhesion receptor on CD4+ T cells. The binding of viral envelope glycans to L-selectin facilitates HIV entry and infection, and L-selectin expression on central memory CD4+ T cells supports their preferential infection by HIV. Upon infection, the virus downregulates L-selectin expression through shedding, resulting in an apparent loss of central memory CD4+ T cells. Infected effector memory CD4+ T cells, however, remain competent in cytokine production. Surprisingly, inhibition of L-selectin shedding markedly reduces HIV-1 infection and suppresses viral release, suggesting that L-selectin shedding is required for HIV-1 release. These findings highlight a critical role for cell surface sheddase in HIV-1 pathogenesis and reveal new antiretroviral strategies based on small molecular inhibitors targeted at metalloproteinases for viral release.
Impaired recruitment of dopamine neurons during working memory in mice with striatal D2 receptor overexpression
Authors: Duvarci Sevil , Simpson Eleanor H. , Schneider Gaby , Kandel Eric R. , Roeper Jochen , Sigurdsson Torfi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe dopamine (DA) system plays a major role in cognitive functions through its interactions with several brain regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Conversely, disturbances in the DA system contribute to cognitive deficits in psychiatric diseases, yet exactly how they do so remains poorly understood. Here we show, using mice with disease-relevant alterations in DA signaling (D2R-OE mice), that deficits in working memory (WM) are associated with impairments in the WM-dependent firing patterns of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The WM-dependent phase-locking of DA neurons to 4 Hz VTA-PFC oscillations is absent in D2R-OE mice and VTA-PFC synchrony deficits scale with their WM impairments. We also find reduced 4 Hz synchrony between VTA DA neurons and selective impairments in their representation of WM demand. These results identify how altered DA neuron activity—at the level of long-range network activity and task-related firing patterns—may underlie cognitive impairments.
FoxM1 repression during human aging leads to mitotic decline and aneuploidy-driven full senescence
Authors: Macedo Joana Catarina , Vaz Sara , Bakker Bjorn , Ribeiro Rui , Bakker Petra Lammigje , Escandell Jose Miguel , Ferreira Miguel Godinho , Medema René , Foijer Floris , Logarinho Elsa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAneuploidy, an abnormal chromosome number, has been linked to aging and age-associated diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show, through direct live-cell imaging of young, middle-aged, and old-aged primary human dermal fibroblasts, that aneuploidy increases with aging due to general dysfunction of the mitotic machinery. Increased chromosome mis-segregation in elderly mitotic cells correlates with an early senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and repression of Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), the transcription factor that drives G2/M gene expression. FoxM1 induction in elderly and Hutchison–Gilford progeria syndrome fibroblasts prevents aneuploidy and, importantly, ameliorates cellular aging phenotypes. Moreover, we show that senescent fibroblasts isolated from elderly donors’ cultures are often aneuploid, and that aneuploidy is a key trigger into full senescence phenotypes. Based on this feedback loop between cellular aging and aneuploidy, we propose modulation of mitotic efficiency through FoxM1 as a potential strategy against aging and progeria syndromes.
Probing the coordination and function of Fe4S4 modules in nitrogenase assembly protein NifB
Authors: Rettberg Lee A. , Wilcoxen Jarett , Lee Chi Chung , Stiebritz Martin T. , Tanifuji Kazuki , Britt R. David , Hu Yilin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNifB is an essential radicalS-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme for nitrogenase cofactor assembly. Previous studies show that NifB couples a putative pair of [Fe4S4] modules (designated K1 and K2) into an [Fe8S9C] cofactor precursor concomitant with radical SAM-dependent carbide insertion through the action of its SAM-binding [Fe4S4] module. However, the coordination and function of the NifB cluster modules remain unknown. Here, we use continuous wave and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that K1- and K2-modules are 3-cysteine-coordinated [Fe4S4] clusters, with a histidine-derived nitrogen serving as the fourth ligand to K1 that is lost upon K1/K2-coupling. Further, we demonstrate that coexistence of SAM/K2-modules is a prerequisite for methyltransfer to K2 and hydrogen abstraction from the K2-associated methyl by a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical. These results establish an important framework for mechanistic explorations of NifB while highlighting the utility of a synthetic-cluster-based reconstitution approach employed herein in functional analyses of iron–sulfur (FeS) enzymes.
Armadillo repeat containing 12 promotes neuroblastoma progression through interaction with retinoblastoma binding protein 4
Authors: Li Dan , Song Huajie , Mei Hong , Fang Erhu , Wang Xiaojing , Yang Feng , Li Huanhuan , Chen Yajun , Huang Kai , Zheng Liduan , Tong Qiangsong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent studies suggest the emerging roles of armadillo (ARM) family proteins in tumor progression. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of ARM members in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of neuroblastoma (NB) remain to be determined. Herein, we identify armadillo repeat containing 12 (ARMC12) as an ARM member associated with NB progression. ARMC12 promotes the growth and aggressiveness of NB cell lines. Mechanistically, ARMC12 physically interacts with retinoblastoma binding protein 4 (RBBP4) to facilitate the formation and activity of polycomb repressive complex 2, resulting in transcriptional repression of tumor suppressive genes. Blocking the interaction between ARMC12 and RBBP4 by cell-penetrating inhibitory peptide activates the downstream gene expression and suppresses the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of NB cells. Both ARMC12 and RBBP4 are upregulated in NB tissues, and are associated with unfavorable outcome of patients. These findings suggest the crucial roles of ARMC12 in tumor progression and a potential therapeutic approach for NB.
Gate-controlled quantum dots and superconductivity in planar germanium
Authors: Hendrickx N. W. , Franke D. P. , Sammak A. , Kouwenhoven M. , Sabbagh D. , Yeoh L. , Li R. , Tagliaferri M. L. V. , Virgilio M. , Capellini G. , Scappucci G. , Veldhorst M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSuperconductors and semiconductors are crucial platforms in the field of quantum computing. They can be combined to hybrids, bringing together physical properties that enable the discovery of new emergent phenomena and provide novel strategies for quantum control. The involved semiconductor materials, however, suffer from disorder, hyperfine interactions or lack of planar technology. Here we realise an approach that overcomes these issues altogether and integrate gate-defined quantum dots and superconductivity into germanium heterostructures. In our system, heavy holes with mobilities exceeding 500,000 cm2 (Vs)−1 are confined in shallow quantum wells that are directly contacted by annealed aluminium leads. We observe proximity-induced superconductivity in the quantum well and demonstrate electric gate-control of the supercurrent. Germanium therefore has great promise for fast and coherent quantum hardware and, being compatible with standard manufacturing, could become a leading material for quantum information processing.
FTY720 restores endothelial cell permeability induced by malaria sera
Authors: Oggungwan Karanyaporn , Glaharn Supattra , Ampawong Sumate , Krudsood Srivicha , Viriyavejakul Parnpen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIncreased endothelial cell (EC) permeability in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria contributes to major complications of severe malaria. This study explored EC permeability in malaria, and evaluated the potential use of FTY720 to restore EC permeability. ECs were incubated with sera from malaria patients (P. vivax, uncomplicated and complicated P. falciparum malaria). Cellular permeability was investigated using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability assay. FTY720, an analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), was tested for its potential action in maintaining EC integrity. ECs incubated with sera from malaria patients with complicated P. falciparum showed higher fluorescein leakage compared with ECs incubated with sera from P. vivax (p < 0.001) and uncomplicated P. falciparum (p < 0.001). ECs pretreated with FTY720 before incubation with malaria sera had significantly decreased fluorescein leakage compared with no FTY720 treatment. In addition, FTY720 treatment significantly reduced fluorescein leakage for both uncomplicated (at 45 min) (p = 0.015), and complicated P. falciparum malaria (15 min) (p = 0.043). The permeability increase induced by complicated P. falciparum sera was significantly reversed and prevented by FTY720 in vitro. FTY720 may have clinical applications to protect against endothelial barrier dysfunction in severe P. falciparum malaria.
Metabolic Phenotyping and Strain Characterisation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients Using Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bardin Emmanuelle E. , Cameron Simon J. S. , Perdones-Montero Alvaro , Hardiman Kate , Bolt Frances , Alton Eric W. F. W. , Bush Andrew , Davies Jane C. , Takáts Zoltan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) is a novel technique for the real-time analysis of biological material. It works by conducting an electrical current through a sample, causing it to rapidly heat and evaporate, with the analyte containing vapour channelled to a mass spectrometer. It was used to characterise the metabolome of 45 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and compared to 80 non-CF P. aeruginosa. Phospholipids gave the highest signal intensity; 17 rhamnolipids and 18 quorum sensing molecules were detected, demonstrating that REIMS has potential for the study of virulence-related metabolites. P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from respiratory samples showed a higher diversity, which was attributed to the chronic nature of most respiratory infections. The analytical sensitivity of REIMS allowed the detection of a metabolome that could be used to classify individual P. aeruginosa isolates after repeated culturing with 81% accuracy, and an average 83% concordance with multilocus sequence typing. This study underpins the capacities of REIMS as a tool with clinical applications, such as metabolic phenotyping of the important CF pathogen P. aeruginosa, and highlights the potential of metabolic fingerprinting for fine scale characterisation at a sub-species level.