bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 Play Contrasting Roles in Listeria-Stimulated Immunity
Authors: Theisen Erin , McDougal Courtney E. , Nakanishi Masako , Stevenson David M. , Amador-Noguez Daniel , Rosenberg Daniel W. , Knoll Laura J. , Sauer John-Demian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and are commonly used for pain relief and fever reduction. NSAIDs are used following childhood vaccinations and cancer immunotherapies; however, how NSAIDs influence the development of immunity following these therapies is unknown. We hypothesized that NSAIDs would modulate the development of an immune response to Listeria monocytogenes–based immunotherapy. Treatment of mice with the nonspecific COX inhibitor indomethacin impaired the generation of cell-mediated immunity. This phenotype was due to inhibition of the inducible COX-2 enzyme, as treatment with the COX-2–selective inhibitor celecoxib similarly inhibited the development of immunity. In contrast, loss of COX-1 activity improved immunity to L. monocytogenes. Impairments in immunity were independent of bacterial burden, dendritic cell costimulation, or innate immune cell infiltrate. Instead, we observed that PGE2 production following L. monocytogenes is critical for the formation of an Ag-specific CD8+ T cell response. Use of the alternative analgesic acetaminophen did not impair immunity. Taken together, our results suggest that COX-2 is necessary for optimal CD8+ T cell responses to L. monocytogenes, whereas COX-1 is detrimental. Use of pharmacotherapies that spare COX-2 activity and the production of PGE2 like acetaminophen will be critical for the generation of optimal antitumor responses using L. monocytogenes.
Hu Antigen R Regulates Antiviral Innate Immune Responses through the Stabilization of mRNA for Polo-like Kinase 2
Authors: Sueyoshi Takuya , Kawasaki Takumi , Kitai Yuichi , Ori Daisuke , Akira Shizuo , Kawai Taro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I)–like receptors (RLRs), RIG-I, and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) play a critical role in inducing antiviral innate immune responses by activating IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB, which regulates the transcription of type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines. Antiviral innate immune responses are also regulated by posttranscriptional and translational mechanisms. In this study, we identified an RNA-binding protein HuR as a regulator for RLR signaling. Overexpression of HuR, but not of other Hu members, increased IFN-β promoter activity. HuR-deficient macrophage cells exhibited decreased Ifnb1 expression after RLR stimulation, whereas they showed normal induction after stimulation with bacterial LPS or immunostimulatory DNA. Moreover, HuR-deficient cells displayed impaired nuclear translocation of IRF3 after RLR stimulation. In HuR-deficient cells, the mRNA expression of Polo-like kinase (PLK) 2 was markedly reduced. We found that HuR bound to the 3′ untranslated region of Plk2 mRNA and increased its stabilization. PLK2-deficient cells also showed reduced IRF3 nuclear translocation and Ifnb mRNA expression during RLR signaling. Together, these findings suggest that HuR bolsters RLR-mediated IRF3 nuclear translocation by controlling the stability of Plk2 mRNA.
Mapping Interaction Sites on Human Chemokine Receptors by Deep Mutational Scanning
Authors: Heredia Jeremiah D. , Park Jihye , Brubaker Riley J. , Szymanski Steven K. , Gill Kevin S. , Procko Erik 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 regulate WBC trafficking and are engaged by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 during infection. We combine a selection of human CXCR4 and CCR5 libraries comprising nearly all of ∼7000 single amino acid substitutions with deep sequencing to define sequence-activity landscapes for surface expression and ligand interactions. After consideration of sequence constraints for surface expression, known interaction sites with HIV-1–blocking Abs were appropriately identified as conserved residues following library sorting for Ab binding, validating the use of deep mutational scanning to map functional interaction sites in G protein–coupled receptors. Chemokine CXCL12 was found to interact with residues extending asymmetrically into the CXCR4 ligand-binding cavity, similar to the binding surface of CXCR4 recognized by an antagonistic viral chemokine previously observed crystallographically. CXCR4 mutations distal from the chemokine binding site were identified that enhance chemokine recognition. This included disruptive mutations in the G protein–coupling site that diminished calcium mobilization, as well as conservative mutations to a membrane-exposed site (CXCR4 residues H792.45 and W1614.50) that increased ligand binding without loss of signaling. Compared with CXCR4–CXCL12 interactions, CCR5 residues conserved for gp120 (HIV-1 BaL strain) interactions map to a more expansive surface, mimicking how the cognate chemokine CCL5 makes contacts across the entire CCR5 binding cavity. Acidic substitutions in the CCR5 N terminus and extracellular loops enhanced gp120 binding. This study demonstrates how comprehensive mutational scanning can define functional interaction sites on receptors, and novel mutations that enhance receptor activities can be found simultaneously.
Heavy metal contamination of some vegetables from pesticides and the potential health risk in Bauchi, northern Nigeria
Authors: Barau B.W. , Abdulhameed A , Ezra A.G. , Muhammad M , Kyari E.M. , Bawa U 
Published: April 2018

Vegetable farming in developing countries is characterized by the indiscriminate application of pesticides and the resultant pollution of agricultural soil with heavy metals that form constituents of these pesticides. These heavy metals have long term toxicity to human and other biota in the ecosystem. This problem is exacerbated by lack of monitoring to regulate the excessive use of pesticides. The objective of this study was to determine the presence and concentration of some heavy metals in pepper, tomato and onion grown in pesticide contaminated farm and the human health risk associated with their consumption. Pepper (Capsicum annuum), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Onion (Allium cepa) and their corresponding soils were collected from three vegetable farms. The concentrations of Pb, As, Cd, Cr and Zn in the plants and soil were determined. The potential health risk from the consumption of these vegetables was assessed using the methods developed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Results obtained showed presence of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Cr and Zn) Sin different parts of the plants and at different concentrations, with some above the WHO/FAO permissible limits. The edible part of these vegetables (fruits) had the least mean contents of all heavy metals while roots recorded the highest mean concentration. All vegetables were found to be hyper accumulators of Cd and Cr. The Hazard Index (HI) of heavy metal contamination in these vegetables suggested a potential human health risk. The need by government for monitoring and regulation of pesticides application needs urgent attention.Keywords: Vegetables, pesticides, heavy metals, health risk, toxicity
Meaghan Morris: A Student’s Perspective
Authors: Bandali Alifa 
Published: April 2018

We have been asked to contribute to a special section of Cultural Studies Review in honour of Meaghan Morris and her significant influence to cultural studies. Before sharing my contribution to the Meaghan Morris Festival, it is important to note that my role in this intellectual celebration was minor, but Meaghan’s influence on me is rather large and meaningful.
Politics Now, Now
Authors: Muecke Stephen 
Published: April 2018

The essay I want to discuss here was published in the ‘pre-global’ era. I find it telling that Meaghan’s ‘Politics Now: Anxieties of a Petit-Bourgeois Intellectual’, dated 14 July 1985 in its appearance in The Pirate’s Fiancée in 1988, was first published in Intervention in Sydney and shortly afterwards as lead essay in Framework in London: that way people in London would actually be able to read it as well.1 In his introduction, the Framework editor Paul Willemen linked the essay to one of Judith Williamson’s in New Socialist in September 1986, where she had occasion to protest ‘against the prevailing tendency on the British cultural “left” to proclaim the virtues of ideological regimes exemplified by Dallas and Dynasty’.2 These were connections that had to be forged by hand, as it were, rather than simply by clicking a ‘follow’ button on Academia.edu.
Using the Fire Weather Index (FWI) to improve the estimation of fire emissions from fire radiative power (FRP) observations
Authors: Di Giuseppe Francesca , Rémy Samuel , Pappenberger Florian , Wetterhall Fredrik 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The atmospheric composition analysis and forecast for the European Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services (CAMS) relies on biomass-burning fire emission estimates from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS). The GFAS is a global system and converts fire radiative power (FRP) observations from MODIS satellites into smoke constituents. Missing observations are filled in using persistence, whereby observed FRP values from the previous day are progressed in time until a new observation is recorded. One of the consequences of this assumption is an increase of fire duration, which in turn translates into an increase of emissions estimated from fires compared to what is available from observations. In this study persistence is replaced by modelled predictions using the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI), which describes how atmospheric conditions affect the vegetation moisture content and ultimately fire duration. The skill in predicting emissions from biomass burning is improved with the new technique, which indicates that using an FWI-based model to infer emissions from FRP is better than persistence when observations are not available.
Climatology and long-term evolution of ozone and carbon monoxide in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) at northern midlatitudes, as seen by IAGOS from 1995 to 2013
Authors: Cohen Yann , Petetin Hervé , Thouret Valérie , Marécal Virginie , Josse Béatrice , Clark Hannah , Sauvage Bastien , Fontaine Alain , Athier Gilles , Blot Romain , Boulanger Damien , Cousin Jean-Marc , Nédélec Philippe 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In situ measurements in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) have been performed in the framework of the European research infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) for ozone since 1994 and for carbon monoxide (CO) since 2002. The flight tracks cover a wide range of longitudes in the northern extratropics, extending from the North American western coast (125° W) to the eastern Asian coast (135° E) and more recently over the northern Pacific Ocean. Several tropical regions are also sampled frequently, such as the Brazilian coast, central and southern Africa, southeastern Asia, and the western half of the Maritime Continent. As a result, a new set of climatologies for O3 (August 1994–December 2013) and CO (December 2001–December 2013) in the upper troposphere (UT), tropopause layer, and lower stratosphere (LS) are made available, including gridded horizontal distributions on a semi-global scale and seasonal cycles over eight well-sampled regions of interest in the northern extratropics. The seasonal cycles generally show a summertime maximum in O3 and a springtime maximum in CO in the UT, in contrast to the systematic springtime maximum in O3 and the quasi-absence of a seasonal cycle of CO in the LS. This study highlights some regional variabilities in the UT, notably (i) a west–east difference of O3 in boreal summer with up to 15 ppb more O3 over central Russia compared with northeast America, (ii) a systematic west–east gradient of CO from 60 to 140° E, especially noticeable in spring and summer with about 5 ppb by 10 degrees longitude, (iii) a broad spring/summer maximum of CO over northeast Asia, and (iv) a spring maximum of O3 over western North America. Thanks to almost 20 years of O3 and 12 years of CO measurements, the IAGOS database is a unique data set to derive trends in the UTLS at northern midlatitudes. Trends in O3 in the UT are positive and statistically significant in most regions, ranging from +0.25 to +0.45 ppb yr−1, characterized by the significant increase in the lowest values of the distribution. No significant trends of O3 are detected in the LS. Trends of CO in the UT, tropopause, and LS are almost all negative and statistically significant. The estimated slopes range from −1.37 to −0.59 ppb yr−1, with a nearly homogeneous decrease in the lowest values of the monthly distribution (5th percentile) contrasting with the high interregional variability in the decrease in the highest values (95th percentile).
Diderot, Raynal et l’historiographie des origines dans l’Histoire des deux Indes
Authors: Brot Muriel 
Published: April 2018

La remontée vers les temps anciens, sans laquelle on ne peut ni comprendre ni infléchir les déterminismes historiques qui régissent les changements moraux, économiques et politiques des sociétés, est un élément constant et fondamental de la méthode comparative de l’Histoire des deux Indes qui part des origines pour mesurer le chemin parcouru dans le progrès comme dans la décadence. Il va de soi qu’une histoire dotée d’un tel programme, qui voulait utiliser les leçons du passé pour organiser le présent et améliorer l’avenir des sociétés modernes, se souciait beaucoup, selon l’expression de Fontenelle, « de l’utilité de l’histoire »[1] et de la meilleure manière de l’écrire. Fontenelle voulait également présenter une histoire « qui entroit dans les motifs et dans les caractères » afin « de remonter jusqu’aux principes généraux », d’aller des « faits aux principes qui les ont produits » (Ibid., p. 176, 178). Dans la même veine critique que Fontenelle, l’Histoire des deux Indes n’hésite pas à faire l’histoire de l’histoire, à juger les productions historiographiques des siècles passés comme celles de ses contemporains.

[1] Bernard de Fontenelle, Sur l’histoire, dans Œuvres complètes, Paris, Fayard, 1989, t. III, p. 169.
The mass-count distinction in Dutch-speaking children with specific language impairment
Authors: Van Witteloostuijn Merel , Schaeffer Jeannette 
Published: April 2018

This study reports experimental data on the acquisition of the mass-count distinction by Dutch-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI). While verbal morphosyntax is known to be impaired in SLI, nominal morphosyntax has received less attention. The mass-count distinction provides an interesting test ground: count can have a plural morpheme: bal-en (‘balls’), but mass cannot: *deeg-en (‘doughs’). Flexible nouns can easily occur in either mass or count syntax (pizza/pizza-s). Finally, object-mass nouns (e.g. furniture) are syntactically mass, but quantify over individuals, and are hypothesized to have a lexical [+individual] feature (Bale &amp; Barner 2004). Typically developing (TD) Dutch-acquiring children become sensitive to the mass-count distinction around age 6 (van Witteloostuijn 2013).Hypothesizing that the primary impairment of SLI is in morphosyntax, and not in lexical-semantics, we predict that Dutch-speaking children with SLI older than 6 have most problems with the interpretation of flexible nouns (relying solely on morphosyntax), some problems interpreting classical count and mass nouns (supported by convention/world knowledge), and least problems interpreting object–mass nouns (relying solely on their lexical [+individual] feature). Quantity judgments based on count and mass nouns were collected from 28 Dutch children with SLI aged between 6 and 14 years old and 28 individually age-matched TD children. Confirming our predictions, the children with SLI scored significantly lower than their TD controls on flexible nouns, and, albeit to a lesser extent, on classical nouns. This underscores the (nominal) morphological deficit in SLI. In contrast, no difference between groups was found on object-mass nouns.
Longitudinal study of a compassion fatigue resiliency intervention in nurse residents
Authors: Flarity Kathleen , Moorer Amanda , Rhodes Jones Whitney 
Published: April 2018

Nurse residents are at greater risk of compassion fatigue compared to more experienced nurses. The amended 2015 Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education Standards of Entry-To-Practice Accreditation of Nurse Residency Programs require that residency programs include approaches to prevent compassion fatigue in their education experiences. This manuscript reports 6-month follow-up results of a longitudinal study in new graduate nurses that evaluated the influence of a four-hour resiliency intervention for compassion fatigue in two hospitals with nurse residency programs within an academic medical center system. We previously reported a statistically significant decrease in mean STS from baseline to 2-months (p < .001). Using a paired t-test, compassion satisfaction (CS) and the two elements of compassion fatigue (CF), secondary traumatic stress (STS) and burnout (BO), were measured against 6-month post-intervention. Prevalence and changes in mean scores were reported, suggesting that the results found at 2-month follow-up (n = 94) were sustained at 6-month follow-up (n = 34). The mean STS showed a statistically significant decrease from 2-months and 6-months (p < .001). A decrease in BO and mean increase in CS were not statistically significant, but were trending in a positive direction. As theorized, both STS and BO decreased from baseline to 2-months and 6-months after the-intervention, and CS increased. These results indicate that early compassion fatigue resiliency education may be helpful in increasing CS and lowering the symptoms of CF in nurse residents.
Combination of Ultrasound-Assisted Cloud-Point Extraction with Spectrophotometry for Extraction, Preconcentration, and Determination of Low Levels of Free Formaldehyde from Cosmetic Products
Authors: Temel Nuket Kartal , Gürkan Ramazan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the present study, a new preconcentration method was developed to quantify the free formaldehyde (FA) in hair cosmetics by combining ultrasound-assisted cloud-point extraction with spectrophotometry. The method is based on the ion association of FA with cationic phenothiazine group dye, toluidine blue in presence of sulfite at pH 5.0, and then extraction of the formed complex into the micellar phase of nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114. The analyte extracted into the micellar phase was diluted with ethanol, and then detected at 630 nm by spectrophotometer. Under optimal conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 2–120 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.38 μg/L. By preconcentration of 15 mL sample, the calibration sensitivity increased by 74-fold. The intra- and inter-day precisions expressed as RSDs are lower than 4.7 and 5.2%, respectively. Compared with other techniques, the study shown here provides a simple, fast, accurate, and reliable method for the analysis of FA in cosmetic products. The contents of FA of the samples are in the range of 3.4–25.1 mg/kg with an RSD lower than 4.6%. The results were statistically in good agreement with those obtained by an independent comparison method. Highlights: A new method was developed for the preconcentration of free formaldehyde from hair cosmetics. The method is simple, fast, precise, selective, and sensitive to detect trace formaldehyde. The precision is lower than 5.2% with recovery higher than 95% after spiking. The method was validated by comparing the results with those of independent method. The formaldehyde levels of hair cosmetics were reliably monitored and determined.
Approaches of dentomaxillofacial and medical radiologists about reporting
Authors: Peker İlkay , Üçok Ozlem , Kayadüğün Aylin 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Radiological reporting is
a relatively new and challenging issue in dentomaxillofacial radiology, whereas
it has been performed so many years in medical radiology. The purpose of
this study is to compare approaches of dentomaxillofacial and medical
radiologists regarding radiology reporting.

Materials
and Methods: Dentomaxillofacial and medical radiologists were invited by e-mail. The
participants filled a survey regarding the features of their own radiology
reports. The study was based on two independent groups (dentomaxillofacial and
medical radiologists). Mann-Whitney U test was used for two independent groups.

Results: 285 radiologists in total
(115 dentomaxillofacial and 170 medical radiologists) participated in this
survey. Structured radiologic reports were mostly preferred by both
dentomaxillofacial (53.9%) and medical radiologists (77%), but statistically
significant difference was found between two groups (p&lt;0.05). Although dentomaxillofacial
(79.1%) and medical (81.2%) radiologists mostly reported that their own reports
consisted of separate headings as clinical information, findings and
conclusion, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups
(p&lt;0.05). The majority of dentomaxillofacial (99.1%) and medical (99.4%)
radiologists agreed regarding radiology training programs should include
radiology report construction.

Conclusion:
This is the first study pointing out the approaches of dentomaxillofacial
radiologists about reporting. Good radiological reporting is a relatively new
task for dentomaxillofacial radiologists compared to medical radiologists. This
study showed that the approaches of dentomaxillofacial and medical radiologists
were similar regarding radiological reports.
Shear Bond Strength Of Two Calcium Silicate-Based Cements to Compomer
Authors: BULDUR Burak , ÖZNURHAN Fatih , KAYABAŞI Mevlüt , ŞAHİN Feride 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The purposes of this in vitro study was to compare the bond strength of Biodentine® and Imicryl
MTA to a compomer material, and to examine the effect of the setting time on
the bond strength.

Materials
and Methods: A total of 100
acrylic blocks with a hole (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were prepared.
Acrylic blocks were randomly divided into two main groups according to cement
type to be applied, Biodontine® or Imicryl MTA (n = 50). The specimens of each main group were then divided into 5
subgroups, which were randomized relative to different setting times. (12
minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours) (n = 10). The samples were filled completely with Biodentine® or Imicrly
MTA according to the manufacturer's instructions. Compomer was placed in this
transparent tube with the help of a hand plugger and light cured for 40 seconds
with the LED device (EliparTM, 3M ESPE, MN, USA) to polymerize the
compomer. The acrylic molds were fixed to a universal test machine and shear
bond strength (SBS) test was made under shear force at a cross-speed of 1
mm/min. Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test
(p=0.05).

Results: While, Biodentine® had significantly higher SBS values than Imicrly MTA
at 12m setting time (p&lt;0.05), there was no difference between Biodentine®
and Imicrly MTA among other setting periods (p&gt;0.05). Regardless of cements
tested, there were similar SBS values among pairwise comparisons between
setting time groups (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusions: There were higher SBS values of Biodentine® to compomer than Imicrly MTA
in all setting time groups, the only statistical significance existed in 12 min
group. Keywords:
Biodentine®, bond strength, calcium silicate-based cement, compomer