bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of laser and ultrasonic‐activated irrigation on eradicating a mixed‐species biofilm in human mesial roots
Authors: Race Jonathan , Zilm Peter , Ratnayake Jithendra , Fitzsimmons Tracy , Marchant Ceilidh , Cathro Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and ultrasonic activated irrigation on eradicating a mixed‐species biofilm grown in root canals with complex anatomy. The biofilm was grown over 4‐weeks in the root canals of decoronated human mandibular molar teeth. Control roots received no further treatment. The remaining roots were chemomechanically prepared using different irrigating protocols: 4% NaOCl and 15% EDTAC with ultrasonic activated irrigation and laser activated irrigation using power settings of 0.5 W and 0.75 W. Cellular viability was determined using serial plating. One tooth from each group was subjected to qualitative SEM analysis. Quantification by culturing revealed significant differences between control group and all other treatment groups. This study demonstrated that chemomechanical irrigation with laser and ultrasonic activated irrigation significantly reduced the bacterial load from complex root canal systems; however, there were no significant differences found between the experimental groups.
Econometric mathematical programming: an application to the estimation of costs and risk preferences at farm level
Authors: Britz Wolfgang , Arata Linda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study belongs to the barely explored research strand of “Econometric Mathematical Programming” and presents a simultaneous estimation of the cost function and of the farmers’ risk attitude parameter in a programming model setup. Resource and policy constraints of the model are allowed to be not binding. We use crop shares as decision variables to avoid scale bias and we consider price and crop yield variances separately. The model is formulated as a bi‐level programming model and the empirical application concerns three unbalanced panels of specialized arable farms observed for at least three consecutive years in Northern Italy, in the Cologne‐Aachen area in Germany and in the Grandes‐Cultures area in France over the time period 1995–2007. We achieve a quite satisfactory fit in the estimation exercise and find own and cross price elasticities from sensitivity experiments in reasonable ranges. We also propose a novel approach to derive confidence intervals around parameter estimates for Econometric Mathematical Programming.
Squatters make history in New York:
Authors: STARECHESKI AMY 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAs illegal squatters became cooperative homeowners on New York City's Lower East Side, they strategically used the logic and law of property to turn their homes into commodities. But they did so within limits: individuals can sell their apartments at fixed prices yet also collectively maintain the buildings as low‐income housing, valuing their homes as both a source of individual sustenance and an inalienable resource that ties generations together. As in many indigenous land claims cases, changing property relations produced new forms of personhood and collective peoplehood. How people form collectives to make claims on space shapes who can participate in urban processes. Squatters used history making to constitute themselves as a legitimate group that could claim urban space and steward collectively owned inalienable property. [homeownership, inalienable property, squatting, land claims, production of history, New York City]
The inflamed sputum in lower respiratory tract infection: l‐lactate levels are correlated to neutrophil accumulation
Authors: Fredman Gabriella , Kolpen Mette , Hertz Frederik Boetius , Petersen Pelle Trier , Jensen Andreas Vestergaard , Baunbæk‐Egelund Gertrud , Ravn Pernille , Jensen Peter Østrup , Faurholt‐Jepsen Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are common, but little is known about the response of biomarkers of inflammation in the lungs. Therefore, our primary aim was to compare the concentration of l‐lactate to the concentration of neutrophils in sputum and systemic markers of infection. Because it is difficult to differentiate viral and bacterial infection on the basis of clinical presentation in LRTI, our secondary aim was to evaluate if l‐ and d‐lactate may serve as markers of local inflammation as representatives of neutrophils and bacteria, respectively.MethodsPatients with acute LRTI were prospectively recruited. Sputum samples were collected and analysed for neutrophil count, l‐lactate and d‐lactate. We had data on pathogens from sputum cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (atypical bacteria, virus) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) from blood.ResultsIn 44 sputum samples from 32 patients, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) sputum neutrophil granulocyte count was 0.615 × 107 cells/mL (0.236–1.575). The sputum neutrophil granulocyte count was associated with sputum l‐lactate (p = 0.011) and CRP (p = 0.018), but not with d‐lactate (p = 0.177). There was a strong association between sputum d‐lactate and l‐lactate (p < 0.0001).ConclusionAs l‐lactate in sputum is closely correlated to sequestration of neutrophils in the lungs, l‐lactate is a marker for local inflammation in LRTI and a potential biomarker in clinical management of LRTI. On expectorated sputum, d‐lactate had no clinical relevance.
Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy for a patient with chronic idiopathic colonic pseudo‐obstruction: Report of a case
Authors: Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Ishihara Soichiro , Okada Yuka , Ohno Kohei , Yagi Takahiro , Fukushima Yoshihisa , Shimada Ryu , Hayama Tamuro , Tsuchiya Takeshi , Nozawa Keijiro , Matsuda Keiji , Matsuoka Ryosuke , Mori Ichiro , Fukuzawa Ryuji , Takiyama Aki , Takao Yoshihiko , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Hashiguchi Yojiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA 47‐year‐old male patient without a documented past medical history was referred to Sanno Hospital because of constipation and abdominal pain, which he had had for more than 5 years. Abdominal X‐ray and CT scan showed an enlarged ascending colon from the cecum to the transverse colon, without apparent mechanical obstruction. The patient was diagnosed with chronic idiopathic colonic pseudo‐obstruction, and because his symptoms were resistant to medication, surgical treatment was required. Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy was performed without any complications. Constipation was relieved, and the patient began defecating 2–3 times a day without medication. Pathological specimens showed that Meissner's plexus and Auerbach's plexus had decreased and that there were fewer ganglion cells—findings consistent with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction.
One step forward, two steps back? Consultant influence on local economic development policy in Canada
Authors: Cleave Evan , Arku Godwin , Chatwin Merlin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCities are increasingly outsourcing economic development policy advisory and development to private consultants. To explore the role and influence of consultants, this study undertook a systematic examination of the economic development policy documents of 41 cities in the Province of Ontario, Canada. The findings of this study indicate that a small handful of consultants are key actors in economic development policy advisory in Ontario. The policy documents authored by consultants tend to be similar in style, scope, and language; and from a policy perspective, there is convergence of policy as cities are recommended the same economic development strategies.
Computer‐guided calvarial mono‐cortical bone blocks harvest: A novel approach for three‐dimensional alveolar reconstruction of atrophic maxilla
Authors: Elhadidi Mohamed , Aldahouk Ahmed , Shawky Mohamed , Elbehairy Mohamed S. , Atef Mohammed , El‐Gengehi Mostafa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCalvarial bone grafts have been one of the grafting options that provides predictable results for three‐dimensional reconstruction of severely atrophied ridges owing to their low resorption and rapid revascularization, thus providing adequate volume for implant insertion. The aim of this study was to introduce a computer‐guided technique for calvarial graft harvest to minimize the complications known with grafting from this donor site.Materials and MethodsEight patients, suffering from severely atrophied, completely edentulous maxillary ridges, with an age range (21‐30 years) were operated on (six males and two females). A custom‐made guide for each patient based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) was fabricated for harvesting the outer table cortical bone blocks from the parietal bone, then particulate bone was collected with an auto‐chip maker. Bilateral sinus lifting was indicated in all cases. The bone blocks were fixed intraorally and the bone particulates filled the gaps and the volume created by sinus lifting, then the whole complex was covered with collagen membranes fixed with titanium tacks. Immediate and 6 months CT were requested for evaluation of the guide accuracy and the graft integration, respectively.ResultsIn all cases, the guide was found to accurately fit into its preplanned position and to correctly locate the anticipated harvest site with the needed dimensions of the bone blocks. No intraoperative complications were encountered such as breakage through the inner table or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Postoperatively, all the cases showed uneventual healing except one case that had an anterior dehiscence.ConclusionThe computer‐guided calvarial bone blocks harvest from the parietal bone is safe and predictable technique for three‐dimensional reconstruction of severely atrophic edentulous maxilla.
Unmasking Antarctic mollusc lineages: novel evidence from philinoid snails (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea)
Authors: Moles Juan , Avila Conxita , Malaquias Manuel António E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince its introduction, the genus Philine has epitomized numerous mollusc snails with strong morphological convergence. Recently, a molecular analysis including a wide taxon sampling split this group into four non‐sister families. Although they are especially diverse in cold and deep waters, no comprehensive studies are available for the Antarctic counterparts. Here, our morpho‐anatomical and molecular data suggest major changes in the systematics of the group. From the eight known species, two are synonymized, Antarctophiline amoena with A. alata, and A. gouldi with A. gibba, and two are transferred to the genus Antarctophiline, namely A. apertissima comb.n. and A. falklandica comb.n. Two new species are described, A. easmithi sp.n. and A. amundseni sp.n. from different depths in the eastern Weddell Sea. The elusive P. antarctica from the Ross Sea was found in the Weddell Sea and Waegelea gen.n. is erected to place this species. Both phylogenetic and morphological data support the erection of Antarctophilinidae fam.n. to embrace most of the Philinoidea species described in the Southern Ocean. Only two species of Philinidae are found in Antarctic waters, Spiraphiline bathyalis gen. et sp.n. from bathyal depths in the Weddell Sea and S. kerguelensis comb.n. from the Kerguelen Islands. In light of the new data provided for all described species and the phylogenetic framework proposed herein, we briefly discuss the diversification and biogeographical patterns of Antarctic philinoid snails. Overall, antarctophilinid species seem to have restricted and grossly nonoverlapping distributions suggesting allopatric speciation connected possibly to geographical or bathymetric isolation.
On allegations of invasive species denialism
Authors: Munro David , Steer Jamie , Linklater Wayne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractScience denialism retards evidenced‐based policy and practice and should be challenged. It has been a particular concern for mitigating global environmental issues, such as anthropogenic climate change. But allegations of science denialism must also be well founded and evidential or they risk eroding public trust in science and scientists. Recently, 77 published works by scholars, scientists, and science writers were identified as containing invasive species denialism (ISD; i.e., rejection of well‐supported facts about invasive species, particularly the global scientific consensus about their negative impacts). We reevaluated 75 of these works but could find no examples of refutation of scientific facts and only 5 articles with text perhaps consistent with one of the 5 characteristics of science denialism. We found, therefore, that allegations of ISD were misplaced. These accusations of science denialism may have arisen because invasion biology defines its subjects—invasive species—based on multiple subjective and normative judgments. Thus, more than other applied sciences its consensus is one of shared values as much as agreed knowledge. Criticisms of invasion biology have largely targeted those subjective and normative judgments and their global imposition, not the knowledge on which the discipline is based. Regrettably, a few invasion biologists have misinterpreted the critique of their values‐based consensus as a denial of their science when it is not. To make invasion biology a more robust and widely accepted science and to avoid unnecessary misunderstandings and conflicts, invasion biologists could be more accepting of perspectives originating from other disciplines and more open to values‐based critique from scholars and scientists outside their field. This recommendation applies to all conservation sciences, especially those addressing global challenges, because these sciences must serve and be relevant to communities with an extraordinary diversity of cultures and values.
Zunahme von Skabies in Deutschland und Entwicklung resistenter Krätzemilben? Evidenz und Konsequenz
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Aebischer Anton , Neufeld Matthias , Löser Christoph , Kreuter Alexander , Bialek Ralf , Hamm Henning , Feldmeier Hermann 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose Skabies wird in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren auffallend häufig gestellt, und der Verbrauch an Antiskabiosa ist deutlich gestiegen. Vorliegende Zahlen deuten auf eine Zunahme der Prävalenz/Inzidenz der Skabies hin, beweisen und quantifizieren sie aber nicht, da a) Skabies in Deutschland nicht meldepflichtig ist, b) die Diagnose nicht immer lege artis, also licht‐ oder auflichtmikroskopisch gesichert wird (somit möglicherweise ein relativ hoher Anteil falsch‐positiver Diagnosen in Folge der niedrigen Prävalenz von Skabies), und c) Mehrfachtherapien eines Patienten sowie Behandlung von Kontaktpersonen in die Gesamtzahl der Verordnungen einfließen. Dementsprechend liegen valide Zahlen weder aktuell noch aus früheren Zeiträumen vor. Basierend auf Beobachtungen, dass eine topische Therapie mit Permethrin nicht immer zur Heilung führt, wird zunehmend über eine mögliche Resistenz von Krätzemilben spekuliert. Hierfür gibt es jedoch bislang keinen klaren Beleg.Wir diskutieren die Bedeutung von Risikogruppen (Kinder, ältere pflegebedürftige Menschen, Arbeitnehmerwanderungen im Pflegesektor, Schutzsuchende, sexuell aktive junge Erwachsene) und bewerten deren Bedeutung kritisch angesichts fehlender Evidenzen. Keine kann alleine für eine gestiegene Häufigkeit verantwortlich sein.Wir haben Empfehlungen zusammengestellt, um die Behandlung der Skabies zu optimieren, und stellen Konzepte vor, um Anwendungsfehler und/oder mangelnde Compliance von einer Permethrin‐Resistenz zu unterscheiden. Ziel muss es sein bestehende epidemiologische und parasitologische Wissenslücken zu schließen.
Umfrage zur Situation der Teledermatologie in Österreich
Authors: Eber Elena Lucia , Janda Monika , Arzberger Edith , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Nutzung digitaler Kommunikationsmittel gewinnt mit dem Ziel der Qualitätssteigerung und der Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Patienten in der Medizin zunehmend an Bedeutung. Zur Optimierung der Telemedizin auf dem Gebiet der Dermatologie wurde österreichweit eine Umfrage bei Dermatologen durchgeführt.MethodikEs handelt sich um die statistische Auswertung eines von Dermatologen entworfenen Fragebogens, der an 769 österreichische Dermatologen ausgesandt wurde.Ergebnisse243 Dermatologen (w/m: 132/111) nahmen an der Umfrage teil. 47 % männliche und 55 % weibliche Dermatologen erhielten bereits Anfragen zur teledermatologischen Sprechstunde. 73,1 % konnten sich eine Entlastung des Gesundheitswesens durch die Teledermatologie vorstellen. Am zweckmäßigsten wurde die Telekommunikation zwischen Dermatologen und Experten beurteilt. Verlaufskontrollen wurden als gut geeignet für die Telemedizin empfunden, Erstdiagnostiken schnitten bedeutend schlechter ab. Etwa die Hälfte benutzte die Teledermatologie zum Einholen einer Zweitmeinung, ein Drittel in Form einer Erstvisite.SchlussfolgerungenDie Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Großteil der befragten Dermatologen die Teledermatologie als zukünftige sinnvolle Ergänzung der derzeitigen Praxis einstuft. Nach Ansicht der Studienteilnehmer können vor allem im Bereich der Triage Anfahrten zum Krankenhaus und Wartezeiten vermindert werden, was zu einer Reduzierung von Kosten und einer Zeitersparnis der Patienten und Ärzten führt. Eine geregelte Kostenübernahme und rechtliche Regelung würde die Nutzung der Teledermatologie attraktiver machen.
Effects of lixisenatide on postprandial blood pressure, gastric emptying and glycaemia in healthy people and people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jones Karen L. , Rigda Rachael S. , Buttfield Madeline D.M. , Hatzinikolas Seva , Pham Hung T. , Marathe Chinmay S. , Wu Tongzhi , Lange Kylie , Trahair Laurence G. , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael 
Published: January 2019

AimTo evaluate the effects of the prandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on gastric emptying and blood pressure (BP) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow, and the glycaemic responses to a 75‐g oral glucose load in healthy people and those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and methodsFifteen healthy participants (nine men, six women; mean ± SEM age 67.2 ± 2.3 years) and 15 participants with T2DM (nine men, six women; mean ± SEM age 61.9 ± 2.3 years) underwent measurement of gastric emptying, BP, SMA flow and plasma glucose 180 minutes after a radiolabelled 75‐g glucose drink on two separate days. All participants received lixisenatide (10 μg subcutaneously) or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion 30 minutes before the glucose drink.ResultsLixisenatide slowed gastric emptying (retention at 120 minutes, P < 0.01), attenuated the rise in SMA flow (P < 0.01) and markedly attenuated the decrease in systolic BP (area under the curve [AUC] 0‐120 minutes, P < 0.001) compared to placebo in healthy participants and those with T2DM. Plasma glucose (incremental AUC 0‐120 minutes) was greater in participants with T2DM (P < 0.005) than in healthy participants, and lower after lixisenatide in both groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn healthy participants and those with T2DM, the marked slowing of gastric emptying of glucose induced by lixisenatide was associated with attenuation of the increments in glycaemia and SMA flow and decrease in systolic BP. Accordingly, lixisenatide may be useful in the management of postprandial hypotension.
Pestalotiopsis biciliata, a new leaf pathogen ofEucalyptusspp. recorded in Italy
Authors: Morales‐Rodríguez Carmen , Dalla Valle Matteo , Aleandri MariaPia , Vannini Andrea 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present paper describes new symptoms onEucalyptusspp. in Central Italy associated with the fungal pathogenPestalotiopsis biciliata. This fungal species has been previously recorded in Italy on grape associated with fruit rot. Artificial inoculation trials on leaves confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungus toEucalyptus camaldulensis.P. biciliatais included in the list ofPestalotiopsisspp. responsible for leaf disease on eucalypts worldwide.
Fish and flow management in the Murray–Darling Basin: Directions for research
Authors: Koehn John D. , Balcombe Stephen R. , Zampatti Brenton P. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryEffective natural resource management requires knowledge exchange between researchers and managers to support evidence‐based decision‐making. To achieve this, there is a need to align research with management and policy needs. This project aimed to identify the flow‐related ecological knowledge needs for freshwater fish to better inform environmental water management in the Murray–Darling Basin, south‐eastern Australia. Our major objective was to provide an up‐to‐date assessment of scientific research and integrate this with the knowledge requirements of relevant managers to guide future research. We reviewed the contemporary scientific literature and engaged managers specifically responsible for delivering flows for fish outcomes via a questionnaire and workshop. Research on fishes of the MDB has generally evolved from single locations and/or times to larger spatio‐temporal scales, including multiple sites, rivers and catchments. There has also been a trend from single life stage studies to incorporation of multiple life stages and population processes. There remain, however, significant deficiencies in knowledge for most native species, many of which are threatened. Four agreed key knowledge gaps were derived from the literature review and managers’ suggestions: (i) population dynamics, (ii) movement, dispersal and connectivity, (iii) survival and recruitment to adults and (iv) recruitment drivers. To inform policy and management, managers desired timely advice, based on robust research and monitoring. Fish species of most relevance to managers were those highly regarded by community stakeholders and whose life histories and population dynamics are potentially influenced by flow. Populations of these mostly large‐bodied, angling species (e.g. Murray Cod, Golden Perch and Silver Perch) have declined, often due to river regulation and, in conjunction with managers’ priorities, are relevant candidates for research to support the management of flow to rehabilitate fish populations in the MDB.