bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation characteristics and associated weather conditions on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies during March–April 2015
Authors: Thériault Julie M. , Hung Ida , Vaquer Paul , Stewart Ronald E. , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Precipitation events that bring rain and snow to the
Banff–Calgary area of Alberta are a critical aspect of the region's water
cycle and can lead to major flooding events such as the June 2013 event that
was the second most costly natural disaster in Canadian history. Because no
special atmospheric-oriented observations of these events have been made, a
field experiment was conducted in March and April 2015 in Kananaskis,
Alberta, to begin to fill this gap. The goal was to characterize and better
understand the formation of the precipitation at the surface during
spring 2015 at a specific location in the Kananaskis Valley. Within the
experiment, detailed measurements of precipitation and weather conditions
were obtained, a vertically pointing Doppler radar was deployed and weather
balloons were released. Although 17 precipitation events occurred, this
period was associated with much less precipitation than normal (−35 %)
and above-normal temperatures (2.5 ∘C). Of the 133 h of observed
precipitation, solid precipitation occurred 71 % of the time, mixed
precipitation occurred 9 % and rain occurred 20 %. An analysis of
17 504 precipitation particles from 1181 images showed that a wide variety
of crystals and aggregates occurred and approximately 63 % showed signs of
riming. This was largely independent of whether flows aloft were upslope
(easterly) or downslope (westerly). In the often sub-saturated surface
conditions, hydrometeors containing ice occurred at temperatures as high as
9 ∘C. Radar structures aloft were highly variable with reflectivity
sometimes >30 dBZe and Doppler velocity up to −1 m s−1, which
indicates upward motion of particles within ascending air masses.
Precipitation was formed in this region within cloud fields sometimes having
variable structures and within which supercooled water at least sometimes
existed to produce accreted particles massive enough to reach the surface
through the relatively dry sub-cloud region.
La generación de conocimiento en Trabajo Social: percepción de graduadas y graduadas de dos programas de Magíster en Trabajo Social de Chile
Authors: Figueroa Reyes Yenny Edith 
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo da cuenta de uno de los ámbitos abordado en la investigación que buscaba describir por una parte las prácticas investigativas y el tipo de conocimiento generado a través de las tesis de postgrado, así como la percepción que tienen del aporte de su investigación de postgrado en la generación de conocimiento para la disciplina y para las políticas sociales. Se consideró el caso del Magister de Trabajo Social y Políticas Sociales (MTSPS) de la Universidad de Concepción y del Magister en Trabajo Social (MTS) de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. La investigación se centra tanto en los trabajos de grado como en los propios graduados de los últimos 10 años (2005 a 2014) de ambos programas, así como en los documentos de tesis. La muestra final resultó de 32 (MTSPS) y 28 (MTS) graduados, fue una muestra de tipo accidental dado que se envió el instrumento al grupo total; para la selección de tesis, se eligió una muestra probabilística simple de 40 casos en cada programa; para el análisis de las prácticas investigativas, derivada de las tesis de grado, se elaboró una matriz de análisis y para la medición de las variables asociadas a las miradas de los graduados acerca de su trabajo de investigación, se utilizó la encuesta en su modalidad on-line. Los principales resultados indican una percepción positiva del impacto de sus trabajos de investigación en la política y el trabajo social, sin embargo en la práctica indican insuficiente publicación y/o seguimiento de la utilización del conocimiento generado en estos trabajos de postgrado.
MAPEAMENTO LITERÁRIO SOBRE O MICROCONCRETO [ Mapping study of the microconcrete ]
Authors: Silva Reginaldo Virgilio da , Bacarji Edgar , Cascudo Oswaldo 
Published: August 2018

RESUMO: O microconcreto pode ser definido como um tipo específico de concreto em que o agregado tem dimensão máxima de 6,4 mm, podendo ser utilizado na pré-fabricação leve, ou seja, em elementos estruturais de seção transversal reduzida. Foi realizado um mapeamento literário sobre o tema microconcreto, no qual se levantaram artigos relacionados ao assunto nas bases Engineering village, Science direct, Web of science e Scopus, tendo sido realizada uma análise bibliométrica e qualitativa, com o intuito de demonstrar a importância do tema para a comunidade científica, de apresentar a relevância do assunto na atualidade, de identificar as lacunas de conhecimento ainda pouco exploradas e de apresentar como se deu o desenvolvimento dos temas de pesquisas ao longo dos anos. A pesquisa tem o intuito de servir como parâmetro para futuros pesquisadores seguirem como ponto de partida, no aprofundamento de estudos na linha de microconcretos. ABSTRACT: The microconcrete can be defined as a specific type of concrete in which the aggregate has a maximum dimension of 6.4 mm and can be used in light prefabrication, that is, in structural elements of reduced cross-section. A literary mapping on the microconcrete theme was carried out, in which articles related to the subject were obtained from the following bases: Engineering village, Science direct, Web of science and Scopus. By means of this mapping, it was performed a bibliometric and qualitative analysis, in order to demonstrate the importance of the theme for the scientific community, to present the relevance of the subject nowadays, to identify the gaps of knowledge still little explored and to present how the development of research themes has developed over the years. The research intends to serve as a parameter for future researchers to follow as a starting point, in the deepening of research in the line of microconcrete.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA FORMA ESTRUTURAL: OBRAS DE MAILLART E MENN [ The importance of structural forms: Maillart and Menn`s works ]
Authors: Neto Tiago Ferreira Campos , Brandão Jéssica Faria , Sánchez José Manoel Morales 
Published: August 2018

RESUMO: As estruturas fornecem a chave para o renascimento da vida pública. Essa nova visão levou à criação de uma nova classe de profissionais, os engenheiros modernos. Entre eles, destacam-se Robert Maillart e Christian Menn, que produziram obras de arte em concreto armado entre os finais do século XIX e XX. Sabendo que a primeira fase de produção de Menn foi influenciada pela arte e técnica de Maillart, este artigo busca avaliar as semelhanças nas relações forma-função e estética das obras de maior representatividade dos dois artistas estruturais por meio da aplicação de análises computacionais dos aspectos projetuais. A ponte Salginatobel, obra de Maillart, foi construída em 1930 e desde então tem sido reconhecida por sua impressionante nova forma de arte e pela sua eficiência econômica e estrutural. A ponte Ganter, obra de Menn, possui qualidade estética sem violar as considerações técnicas, tendo o maior vão livre das pontes da Suíça. Por meio de análises computacionais simplificadas as duas pontes foram estudadas e notou-se que Menn usa a técnica de caixão perdido criada por Maillart para vencer grandes vãos, entretanto os momentos fletores atingiram valores elevados, exigindo que o artista usasse do sistema de protensão para executar sua obra. Observou-se semelhança na estética entre as obras analisadas e no comportamento dos esforços internos, atestando que Menn, ao projetar sua obra, espelhou-se nas formas estruturais criadas por Maillart. ABSTRACT: Structures provide the key to revive the public life. This new vision led to the creation of a new class of professionals, the modern engineers. Among them, Robert Maillart and Christian Menn stand out because both produced reinforced concrete works of art between the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Considering that the first Menn’s production phase was influenced by Maillart’s art and technique, this paper aims to evaluate the similarities in the form-function and aesthetic relations between the most representative works of these two structural artists through the application of computational analysis of design aspects. The Salginatobel Bridge, Maillart’s work, was built in 1930 and has been recognized for its impressive new art form and its economic and structural efficiency since then. The Ganter Bridge, Menn`s work, has aesthetic quality without violating technical considerations and with the largest span of Switzerland bridges. By means of simplified computational analysis the two bridges were studied and it was noticed that Menn uses Maillart`s hollow-box technique to overcome large spans, however the bending moments reached high values, requiring the usage of a pretension system. Similarities were observed in the aesthetics between the analyzed bridges and in the behavior of the internal efforts, attesting that Menn`s work was mirrored in Maillart`s structural forms.
SIMULAÇÃO NÚMERICA DO COMPORTAMENTO DE VIGAS MISTAS DE AÇO E CONCRETO PROTENDIDAS [ Numerical behavior analysis of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams ]
Authors: Da Silva Elder Nogueira , De Souza Alex Sander Clemente 
Published: August 2018

RESUMO: O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para análise numérica de vigas mistas de aço e concreto protendidas utilizando o pacote computacional ABAQUS®, que permite modelagens via método dos elementos finitos. A metodologia aborda aspectos relacionados a escolha dos elementos finitos utilizados, geometria das malhas, relações constitutivas dos materiais, condições de acoplamento e vinculação entre os materiais e procedimentos de aplicação dos carregamentos, com o objetivo de simular o comportamento da estrutura. A interação entre laje de concreto e viga de aço foi modelada com conectores e elementos de contato e considerando somente o acoplamento das redes de elementos finitos da laje e da viga. A validação do modelo numérico foi realizada através da correlação entre os resultados numéricos e experimentais disponíveis na literatura. Para ambas as formas de vinculação laje-perfil, o modelo numérico representou de forma satisfatória o comportamento observado experimentalmente. Nos casos em que foram modelados os conectores de cisalhamento as vigas apresentaram menor rigidez e consequentemente melhor correlação entre resultados numéricos e experimentais.ABSTRACT: This paper reports a methodology adopted to represent the behavior of prestressed steel concrete composite beam by finite element models using software ABAQUS®. The methodology presents aspects related to the choice of finite elements types, mesh geometry, constitutive relations of materials, boundary conditions, steel-concrete interaction and sequence of loading. The interaction between the concrete slab and the steel profile was carried out modeling the shear connectors, using contact elements to modeling the interface and after was carried out using TIE constraint. The validation of the numerical model was carried through the correlation between the numerical and experimental results and it was adequate to simulate the experimentally tested beams for both forms of slab profile bonding, especially for the cases where the shear connectors were modeled, because the beams presented lower stiffness and consequently greater proximity of the experimental results.
Methodology to evaluate the collapse limit state of R/C frames based on the seismic response spectrum
Authors: Matsukawa Kazuto , Maeda Masaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study proposes a method to evaluate the collapse limit displacement of reinforced concrete buildings based on the seismic response spectrum as a more practical alternative to previous methods based on dynamic analysis. The collapse limit displacement estimated by the proposed method is compared to that obtained by dynamic analysis‐based methods using artificial and observed ground motions. The results of the proposed method correspond well to the dynamic analysis results. However, models with a natural vibration period of 0.2 s exhibited a large dispersion in the results.
A Universal Strategy to Metal Wavy Nanowires for Efficient Electrochemical Water Splitting at pH‐Universal Conditions
Authors: Yang Jian , Ji Yujin , Shao Qi , Zhang Nan , Li Youyong , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile overall water splitting is considered as one of the most efficient approaches for sustainable oxygen and hydrogen generations, the design of robust electrocatalysts that are active and stable for overall water splitting in pH‐universal conditions is still a significant challenge. Herein, a universal strategy for a class of metal wavy nanowires (NWs) for the enhanced electrocatalysis is reported. Benefiting from the structural features of ultrathin nature and numbers of defects, the obtained NWs generally exhibit attractive performances in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction at pH‐universal conditions. More significantly, the optimized Ru O2 NWs‐Ir NWs electrolyzer shows superior performance for overall water splitting with only cell voltages of 1.50 and 1.47 V in 0.05 and 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1.56 and 1.49 V in 0.1and 1 m KOH at 10 mA cm−2, much lower than those of the Ir/C‐Pt/C electrolyzer. First‐principles calculations reveals that the appearance of Ru‐atom point defects on RuO2(200) surface will lower the OER overpotential during which the adsorption free energies of OER intermediates are weakened due to the right‐shift of d‐band center. The RuO2 NWs‐Ir NWs electrolyzer also exhibits excellent durability in long‐term electrolysis, showing exciting prospect for water splitting in different pH electrolytes.
Reparable Superhydrophobic Surface with Hidden Reactivity, Its Photofunctionalization and Photopatterning
Authors: Du Xin , Wang Min , Welle Alexander , Behboodi‐Sadabad Farid , Wang YuLi , Levkin Pavel A. , Gu Zhongze 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSuperhydrophobic (SH) surfaces have held great promise during the last decade because of their diverse potential applications as self‐cleaning surfaces, in microfluidics, microarrays, etc. Recently, reactive SH surfaces combining their liquid‐repellency with the possibility for convenient postfunctionalization and patterning were introduced. However, current concepts for making reactive SH materials have very limited selection of “hydrophobic as well as reactive” groups. Here a novel reparable SH surface with hidden reactivity (SuSHiR) based on photodynamic properties of disulfides is reported. Reactive hydrophobic, SH, as well as superhydrophilic surfaces are fabricated using this method. The method allows the use of diverse end functionalities (reactive or nonreactive, hydrophobic, or hydrophilic), while keeping the same reactive disulfides “hidden” in the middle of the functional surface‐grafted chains. The photoreactivity of the disulfide bond allows for the functionalization and patterning of various molecules through UV irradiation. The obtained SuSHiR exhibits better stability compared to conventional reactive SH surfaces, and the reversibility of the disulfide–disulfide exchange reaction enables reversible patterning as well as photorestoration of damaged functionalities.
Functionalization of Hollow Nanomaterials for Catalytic Applications: Nanoreactor Construction
Authors: Zhu Wei , Chen Zheng , Pan Yuan , Dai Ruoyun , Wu Yue , Zhuang Zhongbin , Wang Dingsheng , Peng Qing , Chen Chen , Li Yadong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHollow nanomaterials have attracted a broad interest in multidisciplinary research due to their unique structure and preeminent properties. Owing to the high specific surface area, well‐defined active site, delimited void space, and tunable mass transfer rate, hollow nanostructures can serve as excellent catalysts, supports, and reactors for a variety of catalytic applications, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, etc. Based on state‐of‐the‐art synthetic methods and characterization techniques, researchers focus on the purposeful functionalization of hollow nanomaterials for catalytic mechanism studies and intricate catalytic reactions. Herein, an overview of current reports with respect to the catalysis of functionalized hollow nanomaterials is given, and they are classified into five types of versatile strategies with a top‐down perspective, including textual and composition modification, encapsulation, multishelled construction, anchored single atomic site, and surface molecular engineering. In the detailed case studies, the design and construction of hierarchical hollow catalysts are discussed. Moreover, since hollow structure offers more than two types of spatial‐delimited sites, complicated catalytic reactions are elaborated. In summary, functionalized hollow nanomaterials provide an ideal model for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO Conversion on Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Jiang Kun , Wang Haotian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to fuels and chemicals provides a promising solution for renewable energy storage and utilization. Among the many possible reaction pathways, CO2 conversion to carbon monoxide (CO) is the first step in the synthesis of more complex carbon‐based fuels and feedstocks, and holds great significance for the chemical industry. Herein, recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts for selective CO evolution from electrochemical reduction of CO2 are described. With Au catalysts as a paradigm, principles for catalyst design including size, morphology, and grain boundary densities tuning, surface modifications, as well as metal‐support interaction are comprehensively summarized, which shed light on the development of other transition metal catalysts targeting efficient CO2‐to‐CO conversion. In addition, recently emerged novel materials including transition metal single‐atom catalysts, which present significantly different catalytic behaviors compared to their bulk counterparts and thus open up many unexpected opportunities, are summarized. Furthermore, the technical aspects with respect to large‐scale production of CO are presented, focusing on the full‐cell design and implementation. Finally, short comments related to the future direction of real‐word CO2 electrolysis for CO supply are provided in terms of catalyst optimization and technical breakthrough.
Highly Efficient Photosensitizers with Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Aggregation‐Induced Emission for In Vitro and In Vivo Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Wang Dong , Lee Michelle M. S. , Shan Guogang , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Su Huifang , Cai Yuchen , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFluorescence‐imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising protocol for cancer theranostics. However, facile preparation of such a theranostic material for simultaneously achieving bright emission with long wavelength, high‐performance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and good targeting‐specificity of cancer cells, is highly desirable but remains challenging. In this study, a novel type of far‐red/near‐infrared‐emissive fluorescent molecules with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics is synthesized through a few steps reaction. These AIE luminogens (AIEgens) possess simple structures, excellent photostabilities, large Stokes shifts, bright emission, and good biocompatibilities. Meanwhile, their ROS generation is extremely efficient with up to 90.7% of ROS quantum yield, which is far superior to that of some popularly used photosensitizers. Importantly, these AIEgens are able to selectively target and ablate cancer cells over normal cells without the aid of any extra targeting ligands. Rather than using laser light, one of the presented AIEgens (MeTTPy) shows a remarkable tumor‐targeting photodynamic therapeutic effect by using an ultralow‐power lamp light (18 mW cm−2). This study thus not only extends the applications scope of AIEgens, but also offers useful insights into designing a new generation of cancer theranostics.
Artificial Soft Elastic Media with Periodic Hard Inclusions for Tailoring Strain‐Sensitive Thin‐Film Responses
Authors: Byun Junghwan , Chung Seungjun , Hong Yongtaek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEngineering the coupling behavior between a functional thin film and a soft substrate provides an attractive pathway for controlling various properties of thin‐film materials. However, existing studies mostly rely on uniform deformation of the substrate, and the effect of well‐regulated and nonuniform strain distributions on strain‐sensitive thin‐film responses still remains elusive. Herein, artificially strain‐regulated elastic media are presented as a novel platform for tailoring strain‐sensitive thin‐film responses. The proposed artificial soft elastic media are composed of embedded arrays of inkjet‐printed polymeric strain modulators that exhibit a high modulus contrast with respect to that of the soft matrix. This strain‐modulating lattice induces spatially regulated strain distributions based on localized strain‐coupling. Controlling the structural parameters and lattice configurations of the media leads to spatial modulation of the microscopically localized as well as macroscopically accumulated strain profiles. Uniform thin films coupled to these media undergo artificially tailored deformation through lattice‐like strain‐coupled pathways. The resulting phenomena yield programmable strain‐sensitive responses such as spatial arrangement of ternary‐state surface wrinkles and stepwise tuning of piezoresistive responses. This work will open a new avenue for addressing the issue of controlling strain‐sensitive thin‐film properties through structural engineering of artificial soft elastic media.
Functional Scanning Force Microscopy for Energy Nanodevices
Authors: Chen Xi , Lai Junqi , Shen Yanbin , Chen Qi , Chen Liwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEnergy nanodevices, including energy conversion and energy storage devices, have become a major cross‐disciplinary field in recent years. These devices feature long‐range electron and ion transport coupled with chemical transformation, which call for novel characterization tools to understand device operation mechanisms. In this context, recent developments in functional scanning force microscopy techniques and their application in thin‐film photovoltaic devices and lithium batteries are reviewed. The advantages of scanning force microscopy, such as high spatial resolution, multimodal imaging, and the possibility of in situ and in operando imaging, are emphasized. The survey indicates that functional scanning force microscopy is making significant contributions in understanding materials and interfaces in energy nanodevices.