bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a rural location matter for innovative small firms? How rural and urban environmental contexts shape strategies of agri-business innovative small firms
Authors: Deakins David , Bensemann Jo 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present qualitative evidence on strategies undertaken by 34 innovative small firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample of innovative firms is solely recruited from the agri-business sector that are located in contrasting environments varying from rural areas with low urban influence to areas with high urban influence and “main” urban or city areas. The authors discuss strategies in the light of a theoretical approach that incorporates a resource-based view, dynamic capabilities (DCs) and social network theory.

Findings
Although there is diversity in strategies across the 34 innovative small firms, irrespective of their “rural” or “urban” environment, qualitative evidence sheds light on differences in the way that strategies are pursued.

Research limitations/implications
The study indicates that small firms in rural environments can be just as innovative as their counterparts in urban environments; however, the authors demonstrate that they adopt different strategies, which have been shaped by their environment, to achieve innovation. The authors use the qualitative evidence to develop the theory of DCs and classify the sample into four clusters which marries the environmental context and innovative DCs.

Originality/value
The paper makes a contribution to a research gap on the way that the environment can shape management strategies in innovative small firms. It contributes to a limited literature in this area.
Tensile properties of aluminium 4047A built in droplet-based metal printing
Authors: Himmel Benjamin , Rumschoettel Dominik , Volk Wolfram 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Directly printing molten metal droplets on a build platform to create full dense metal parts is a promising additive manufacturing process. This study aims of to analyse the effects of the thermal conditions on the resulting tensile properties of parts made from aluminium 4047A built in droplet-based metal printing.

Design/methodology/approach
A drop-on-demand print head with pneumatic actuation is used to eject droplets on a nickel sheet mounted on the heated build platform. Tensile specimens are machined from cuboid blocks built by successive droplet deposition and tested in a universal testing machine. The ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation and yield strength are evaluated and presented. Micro-sections are taken from the printed blocks to examine the internal pores and the metal’s microstructure.

Findings
With an increase in the interface temperature the uniform elongation increases from 0.5 to 12%, while the yield strength decreases from 130 to 90 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength increases from 130 MPa to a maximum of 190 MPa at an interface temperature of 530º C and slightly falls for higher interface temperatures. Those values are in the same range as conventionally casted parts of the same alloy. The authors’ hypothesis is that the main effect responsible for the mechanical properties is the wetting of solid material by the liquid droplet and not remelting, as has been reported in literature.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that mechanical properties of aluminium 4047A built by a droplet-based additive manufacturing process are published for different interface temperatures. It is also the first time that the main effect on mechanical properties is attributed to wetting instead of remelting.
An accidental journey: sha-cha sauce and beef consumption in Tainan since 1949
Authors: Tseng Lin-Yi 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
In today’s Taiwan, sha-cha sauce is an indispensable ingredient for beef hot pot and stir-fried dishes. The purpose of this paper contextualizes the history of sha-cha sauce in Tainan, the oldest city in Taiwan, and argues that sha-cha sauce, introduced by Chaoshan immigrants, has contributed to new styles and habits of beef consumption tastes and habits in the post-1949 Tainan and beyond.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses documentary materials, oral interviews and diaries to explore the relationship between beef consumption and sha-cha sauce. It begins with an historical overview of Taiwan’s beef consumption during the Japanese colonial era (1895-1945). Then, it focuses on two Chaoshan business enterprises: the Bull-Head, which makes the world’s largest “canned sha-cha sauce,” and the Xiao Haozhou, a Tainan restaurant specializing in sha-cha beef hot pot. Finally, this study analyzes Xinrong Wu, a Tainan gentry whose diary entries from 1933 to 1967 documented the changing dietary habits of beef consumption among Taiwanese.

Findings
The Chaoshan migrants played an important role in introducing the sha-cha sauce to postcolonial Tainan, and this input bolstered the beef consumption among Taiwanese. The production of sha-cha provided a reliable source of income for these migrants in Tainan, and major businesses like the Bull-Head became the international brands of Taiwanese food products.

Research limitations/implications
The study, though limited to Tainan, reveals the symbiosis between popularization of sha-cha sauce and widespread beef consumption in Taiwan.

Practical implications
This study helps researchers examine the connection between Chinese migrations and food culture.

Originality/value
This paper is an original scholarly investigation of the relationship between food diet and Chaoshan migration in postcolonial Tainan.
Ancient DNA: The quest for the best
Authors: Geigl Eva‐Maria , Grange Thierry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is the dream of all researchers working with ancient DNA to identify prior to DNA extraction from bone the specimens or specific zones within them that contain the highest proportion of endogenous DNA. As it impacts the sacrifice of precious ancient specimens and the financial support needed for the analyses, the question is of high importance to the scientific field of palaeogenomics. The “Holy Grail” of palaeogenomics was reached when Cristina Gamba et al. () discovered that it was in the petrosal part of the temporal bone, the densest part of the mammalian skeleton, where DNA is exceptionally well preserved. As a consequence, osteological collections experienced a rush from palaeogenomicists to “harvest” these precious bone parts. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Alberti et al. () describe the discovery of another promising source of relatively well‐preserved endogenous DNA, that they had identified through computed tomography (CT scans), the outermost layer of cortical bone. These bones being larger and more abundant than petrous bones, this discovery increases markedly the source material for high‐quality palaeogenomic studies and releases the pressure on osteological collections.
Type I interferons differentially modulate maternal host immunity to infection by Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium during pregnancy
Authors: Agbayani Gerard , Wachholz Kristina , Murphy Shawn P. , Sad Subash , Krishnan Lakshmi 
Published: October 2018

ProblemIFN‐alpha receptor deficiency (IFNAR−/−) enhances immunity to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) in the non‐pregnant state by inhibiting pathogen‐induced immune cell death. However, the roles of IFNAR signaling in modulating immunity to infection during pregnancy are not well understood.Method of StudyC57BL/6J wild‐type (WT) and IFNAR−/− mice were infected systemically with LM or ST. Bacterial burden in spleen and individual placentas was enumerated at day 3 post‐infection. Immune cell numbers and percentages were quantified in spleen and individual placentas, respectively, through flow cytometry. Cytokine expression in serum, spleen, and individual placentas was measured through cytometric bead array.ResultsIFNAR−/− mice exhibited decreased splenic monocyte numbers in non‐pregnant and pregnant state, and an altered distribution of placental immune cell types in the non‐infected state. IFNAR−/− mice controlled LM infection more effectively than WT mice even during pregnancy. This correlated with enhanced serum IL‐12 expression, despite reduced splenic monocyte numbers relative to WT controls. In contrast, pregnant IFNAR−/− mice unlike their non‐pregnant counterparts exhibited increased susceptibility to ST infection, which was associated with decreased serum IL‐12 expression.ConclusionType I IFN responses differentially impact host resistance to LM and ST infection during pregnancy through modulation of immune cell distribution and cytokine responses.
Day‐7 embryos generate an anti‐inflammatory immune response in peripheral blood immune cells in superovulated cows
Authors: Talukder Anup K. , Rashid Mohammad B. , Takedomi Toshiro , Moriyasu Satoru , Imakawa Kazuhiko , Miyamoto Akio 
Published: October 2018

ProblemRecently, we demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo that an immunological crosstalk between Day‐7 embryo and immune cells exists locally in the uterus in cows. The peripheral immune response to early embryos at Day‐7 of pregnancy in cows remains largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the response of peripheral blood immune cells in the presence of multiple Day‐7 embryos in the uterus in donor cows of embryo transfer program.Method of studySuperovulated cows were either inseminated (n = 13) at 12‐18 hours post‐estrus or remained without inseminations (n = 6). Blood was collected following insemination (Day‐1) and immediately after uterine flushing (Day‐7). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood for analysis of gene expression.ResultsInterferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs: ISG15 and OAS1) were increased in both PMNs and PBMCs, with up‐regulation of PTGES and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (TGFB1 and IL10) expressions at Day‐7 of post‐inseminations in cows, when compared to those at Day‐7 in non‐inseminated cows.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the presence of multiple embryos in the uterus generates an anti‐inflammatory immune response in peripheral blood immune cells at Day‐7 of pregnancy in cows, which might help to accept semi‐allogenic embryo in the uterus.
Territorial Representation and the Opinion–Policy Linkage: Evidence from the European Union
Authors: Wratil Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA key feature of federal systems is the representation of subnational units by “territorial representatives” in policymaking at the federal level. How do such arrangements influence the linkage between public opinion and policy outputs? I argue that policymaking under territorial representation should be systematically skewed toward opinion in those states where citizens care about a policy issue and have a uniform view on it. This claim is tested using a novel data set of policy change in the European Union (EU), covering 211 policy issues and 6,506 observations of opinion–policy dyads. Results show that measures weighting opinion across member states by how much national citizens care about an issue are better predictors of policy change than EU‐wide mean opinion. Moreover, congruence between state‐level opinion and EU‐level policy becomes more likely, the more salient and clear‐cut opinion in a member state is. These findings refine our understanding of the opinion–policy linkage under territorial representation.
Stress and Exposure Time on von Willebrand Factor Degradation
Authors: Jhun Choon‐Sik , Siedlecki Christopher , Xu Lichong , Lukic Branka , Newswanger Raymond , Yeager Eric , Reibson John , Cysyk Joshua , Weiss William , Rosenberg Gerson 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite the prevailing use of the continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (cf‐LVAD), acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) associated with cf‐LVAD still remains a major complication. As AvWS is known to be dependent on shear stress (τ) and exposure time (texp), this study examined the degradation of high molecular weight multimers (HMWM) of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in terms of τ and texp. Two custom apparatus, i.e., capillary‐tubing‐type degrader (CTD) and Taylor‐Couette‐type degrader (TCD) were developed for short‐term (0.033 sec ≤ texp ≤ 1.05 s) and long‐term (10 s ≤ texp ≤ 10 min) shear exposures of vWF, respectively. Flow conditions indexed by Reynolds number (Re) for CTD were 14 ≤ Re ≤ 288 with corresponding laminar stress level of 52 ≤ ≤ 1042 dyne/cm2. Flow conditions for TCD were 100 ≤ Re ≤ 2500 with corresponding rotor speed of 180 ≤ o ≤ 4000 RPM and laminar stress level of 50 ≤ ≤ 1114 dyne/cm2. Due to transitional and turbulent flows in TCD at Re > 1117, total stress (i.e., = laminar + turbulent) was also calculated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, Converge CFD (Converge Science Inc., Madison, WI, USA). Inhibition of ADAMTS13 with different concentration of EDTA (5 mM and 10 mM) was also performed to investigate the mechanism of cleavage in terms of mechanical and enzymatic aspects. Degradation of HMWM with CTD was negligible at all given testing conditions. Although no degradation of HMWM was observed with TCD at Re < 1117 ( = 1012 dyne/cm2), increase in degradation of HMWM was observed beyond Re of 1117 for all given exposure times. At Re ~ 2500 ( = 3070 dyne/cm2) with texp = 60 s, a severe degradation of HMWM (90.7 ± 3.8%, abnormal) was observed, and almost complete degradation of HMWM (96.1 ± 1.9%, abnormal) was observed with texp = 600 s. The inhibition studies with 5 mM EDTA at Re ~ 2500 showed that loss of HMWM was negligible (<10%, normal) for all given exposure times except for texp = 10 min (39.5 ± 22.3%, borderline‐abnormal). With 10 mM EDTA, no degradation of HMWM was observed (11.1 ± 4.4%, normal) even for texp = 10 min. This study investigated the effect of shear stress and exposure time on the HMWM of vWF in laminar and turbulent flows. The inhibition study by EDTA confirms that degradation of HMWM is initiated by shear‐induced unfolding followed by enzymatic cleavage at given conditions. Determination of magnitude of each mechanism needs further investigation. It is also important to note that the degradation of vWF is highly dependent on turbulence regardless of the time exposed within our testing conditions.
Persistence of Meckel's cartilage in sub‐adult Struthio camelus and Dromaius novaehollandiae
Authors: Crole Martina Rachel , Soley John Thomson 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study describes the persistence of an embryonal structure through to sub‐adulthood in the ostrich and emu. Mandibles from sub‐adult ostrich and emu were subjected to special staining, light microscopy and dissected to reveal and describe Meckel's cartilage. Meckel's cartilage, composed of hyaline cartilage, was present within the neurovascular canal of both species. The persistence through to sub‐adulthood of Meckel's cartilage in the ostrich and emu is a feature not previously reported in any other avian species. The proximal end of Meckel's cartilage was ossified in the region of the articular bone and the distal end was ossified in some specimens. Although this structure may ossify at a much later stage in life, the function in young and sub‐adult birds may be to dampen shockwaves along the intramandibular nerve that result from the action of pecking. In the ostrich, the M. pseudotemporalis superficialis tendon inserted onto the supra‐angular bone and Meckel's cartilage. In the emu, a small portion of the tendon was attached to the supra‐angular bone and the main part to Meckel's cartilage. The persistence of Meckel's cartilage in adult lepidosaurs, crocodilians and ratites represents an unusual shared trait between the extant members of the above groups.
Addressing bullying through critical making
Authors: Hughes Janette , Morrison Laura , Mamolo Ami , Laffier Jennifer , de Castell Suzanne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper explores how maker pedagogies helped middle school students develop transferable competencies, such as creativity, problem solving, self‐directed learning and citizenship skills. We offer an in‐depth look at how purposeful or critical making related to bullying awareness can help struggling students develop positive attitudes related to their roles as contributing members of a classroom community of learners.
The political economy of university education in Canada
Authors: Woolley Frances 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUniversities promise to “[e]nsure students graduate with the knowledge, skills and experience needed to thrive in the workplace and be successful global citizens.” (COU 2017). However, it is not obvious that they deliver upon this promise. The incentives within the university system, such as they are, tend to reward research, reputation‐seeking and keeping students satisfied. Yet the status quo may no longer be sustainable. Demographic change threatens to undermine the present model of university funding. Technological change and other factors have the potential to radically change the demand for university education. Canadian universities need to be able to adapt to new conditions to survive and thrive. This paper outlines the economic and political forces that lead the Canadian university sector to underachieve, especially when it comes to teaching and student learning, identifies pressures on the system and discusses reforms that could alter the incentive structure within the university system.
Fostering positive weight‐related conversations between health care professionals, children, and families: Development of a knowledge translation Casebook and evaluation protocol
Authors: Provvidenza Christine F. , Hartman Laura R. , McPherson Amy C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundHealth care professionals (HCPs) must communicate with children and families about weight management in a sensitive and nonstigmatizing manner. However, HCPs receive little training in weight‐related communication and have requested resources, but these are scarce. This article details the development process of a knowledge translation (KT) Casebook and outlines the proposed protocol for its implementation and evaluation.MethodsGuided by the knowledge‐to‐action cycle, a KT Casebook aimed at HCPs integrated findings from a comprehensive scoping review with experiential and contextual evidence gathered through stakeholder workshops to provide guidance to HCPs communicating with children and families around weight‐related issues. It was structured around five questions: (a) Who should participate in weight‐related discussions? (b) When and how should the topic of weight be broached? (c) What terminology should be used? (d) How can HCPs enhance family engagement in weight‐related discussions? (e) What specific communication techniques have been recommended? Checklists, evidence summaries, case studies, sentence starters, simulations, and other resources were clustered under each question. A dissemination strategy was developed using KT best practices and a pilot evaluation protocol designed.ResultsThe Casebook was launched in November 2017 and has been presented at pediatric rehabilitation and obesity conferences. A communication strategy targeted multidisciplinary experts and organizations with weight management within their scope of practice. These efforts have resulted in 2,497 downloads across five countries to date.ConclusionsA practical and engaging KT Casebook was created to help foster positive weight‐related conversations between HCPs, children, and their families. A pilot implementation study examining the impact of the Casebook on clinical practice will provide critical information for embedding the Casebook in a range of health care settings.
Is Syntax Semantically Constrained? Evidence From a Grammaticality Judgment Study of Indonesian
Authors: Aryawibawa I Nyoman , Ambridge Ben 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA central debate in the cognitive sciences surrounds the nature of adult speakers' linguistic representations: Are they purely syntactic (a traditional and widely held view; e.g., Branigan & Pickering, ), or are they semantically structured? A recent study (Ambridge, Bidgood, Pine, Rowland, & Freudenthal, ) found support for the latter view, showing that adults' acceptability judgments of passive sentences were significantly predicted by independent semantic “affectedness” ratings designed to capture the putative semantics of the construction (e.g., Bob was pushed by Wendy is rated as more acceptable than Bob was liked by Wendy, as Bob is more affected in the former). However, because English lacks a separate topicalization construction which provides an alternative means of highlighting the patient (e.g., BOB, Wendy kicked), these findings have a possible alternative explanation: that highly affected entities are more likely to be topicalized, rather than passivized per se. Here we show that, in fact, Ambridge et al.'s () finding replicates in Indonesian, a language with a topicalization construction. The present study therefore provides particularly compelling evidence that grammatical representations have semantic structure.
Reference intervals and percentile curve for left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), velocity time integral (VTI), and LVOT‐VTI‐derived hemodynamic parameters in healthy children and adolescents: Analysis of echocardiographic methods association and agreement
Authors: Díaz Alejandro , Zócalo Yanina , Cabrera‐Fischer Edmundo , Bia Daniel 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEchocardiographic reference intervals (RIs) for left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and velocity time integral (VTI) are scarce in pediatrics.Aims(a) to generate RIs and percentiles for LVOT, VTI, and hemodynamic variables in healthy children and adolescents from Argentina; (b) to analyze the equivalence between stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index (CI) obtained from two‐dimensional echocardiography (2D) and LVOT‐VTI analysis with pulsed wave Doppler (PWD); and (c) to analyze the association between subjects’ characteristics and VTI and LVOT‐VTI‐derived parameters.MethodsTwo‐dimensional and PWD studies were done in 385 subjects (5–24 years). Mean and standard deviation age‐related and body surface area (BSA)‐related equations were obtained for VTI and LVOT‐VTI‐derived parameters (parametric regression methods based on fractional polynomials). BSA‐ and age‐specific percentiles were determined.ResultsPulsed wave Doppler‐ and 2D‐derived parameters were positively correlated. However, PWD values were always lower than those from 2D. Specific RIs for PWD and 2D data were necessary. Covariance analysis showed that sex‐specific RIs were required for LVOT, but not for VTI, VTI‐derived CO and CI. Age‐related RIs were obtained for LVOT, LVOT‐VTI, and VTI‐derived CO and CI. BSA‐related RIs for VTI‐derived CO and CI were obtained.ConclusionsStroke volume, CO, and CI data from 2D and PWD are not equivalent. An accurate analysis of LVOT‐VTI‐derived parameters requires considering age and BSA. In this study, age‐ and BSA‐related RIs and percentiles for LVOT, VTI, and hemodynamic parameters in healthy children and adolescents were determined, discriminating data according to the methodological approach (2D or PWD).