bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability in ocean‐mediated growth potential is linked to Chinook salmon survival
Authors: Henderson Mark , Fiechter Jerome , Huff David D. , Wells Brian K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarly ocean survival of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, varies greatly inter‐annually and may be the period during which later spawning abundance and fishery recruitment are set. Therefore, identifying environmental drivers related to early survival may inform better models for management and sustainability of salmon in a variable environment. With this in mind, our main objectives were to (a) identify regions of high temporal variability in growth potential over a 23‐year time series, (b) determine whether the spatial distribution of growth potential was correlated with observed oceanographic conditions, and (c) determine whether these spatial patterns in growth potential could be used to estimate juvenile salmon survival. We applied this method to the fall run of the Central Valley Chinook salmon population, focusing on the spring and summer period after emigration into central California coastal waters. For the period from 1988 to 2010, juvenile salmon growth potential on the central California continental shelf was described by three spatial patterns. These three patterns were most correlated with upwelling, detrended sea level anomalies, and the strength of onshore/offshore currents, respectively. Using the annual strength of these three patterns, as well as the overall growth potential throughout central California coastal waters, in a generalized linear model we explained 82% of the variation in juvenile salmon survival estimates. We attributed the relationship between growth potential and survival to variability in environmental conditions experienced by juvenile salmon during their first year at sea, as well as potential shifts in predation pressure following out‐migration into coastal waters.
Arctic browning: Impacts of extreme climatic events on heathland ecosystem CO2 fluxes
Authors: Treharne Rachael , Bjerke Jarle W. , Tømmervik Hans , Stendardi Laura , Phoenix Gareth K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtreme climatic events are among the drivers of recent declines in plant biomass and productivity observed across Arctic ecosystems, known as “Arctic browning.” These events can cause landscape‐scale vegetation damage and so are likely to have major impacts on ecosystem CO2 balance. However, there is little understanding of the impacts on CO2 fluxes, especially across the growing season. Furthermore, while widespread shoot mortality is commonly observed with browning events, recent observations show that shoot stress responses are also common, and manifest as high levels of persistent anthocyanin pigmentation. Whether or how this response impacts ecosystem CO2 fluxes is not known. To address these research needs, a growing season assessment of browning impacts following frost drought and extreme winter warming (both extreme climatic events) on the key ecosystem CO2 fluxes Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco) and soil respiration (Rsoil) was carried out in widespread sub‐Arctic dwarf shrub heathland, incorporating both mortality and stress responses. Browning (mortality and stress responses combined) caused considerable site‐level reductions in GPP and NEE (of up to 44%), with greatest impacts occurring at early and late season. Furthermore, impacts on CO2 fluxes associated with stress often equalled or exceeded those resulting from vegetation mortality. This demonstrates that extreme events can have major impacts on ecosystem CO2 balance, considerably reducing the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem, even where vegetation is not killed. Structural Equation Modelling and additional measurements, including decomposition rates and leaf respiration, provided further insight into mechanisms underlying impacts of mortality and stress on CO2 fluxes. The scale of reductions in ecosystem CO2 uptake highlights the need for a process‐based understanding of Arctic browning in order to predict how vegetation and CO2 balance will respond to continuing climate change.
A murine model of acute lung injury identifies growth factors to promote tissue repair and their biomarkers
Authors: Kurosawa Takeyuki , Miyoshi Shion , Yamazaki Soh , Nishina Takashi , Mikami Tetuo , Oikawa Akira , Homma Sakae , Nakano Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractType II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) play a crucial role in the regeneration of type I AECs after acute lung injury. The mechanisms underlying the regeneration of AEC2s are not fully understood. To address this issue, here, we investigated a murine model of acute lung injury using mice expressing human Diphtheria Toxin Receptor (DTR) under the control of Lysozyme M promoter (LysM‐DTR). DT injection induced the depletion of AEC2s, alveolar macrophages, and bone marrow (BM)‐derived myeloid cells in LysM‐DTR mice, and the mice died within 6 days after DT injection. Apoptotic AEC2s and bronchiolar epithelial cells appeared at 24 hr, whereas Ki67‐positive proliferating cells appeared in the alveoli and bronchioles in the lung of LysM‐DTR mice at 72–96 hr after DT injection. Transfer of wild‐type BM cells into LysM‐DTR mice accelerated the regeneration of AEC2s along with the up‐regulation of several growth factors. Moreover, several metabolites were significantly decreased in the sera of LysM‐DTR mice compared with WT mice after DT injection, suggesting that these metabolites might be biomarkers to predict AEC2s injury. Together, LysM‐DTR mice might be useful to identify growth factors to promote lung repair and the metabolites to predict the severity of lung injury.
Lost but not forgotten: A population‐based study of mortality and care trajectories among people living with HIV who are lost to follow‐up in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Kendall CE , Raboud J , Donelle J , Loutfy M , Rourke SB , Kroch A , Liddy C , Rosenes R ,   Ontario HIV Treatment Network (OHTN) Cohort Study Team, Burchell AN 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesSelection as a consequence of volunteer participation in, and loss to follow‐up from, cohort studies may bias estimates of mortality and other health outcomes. To quantify this potential, we estimated mortality and health service use among people living with HIV (PLWH) who were lost to cohort follow‐up (LTCFU) from a volunteer clinical HIV‐infected cohort, and compared these to mortality and health service use in active cohort participants and non‐cohort‐participants living with HIV in Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe analysed population‐based provincial health databases from 1995 to 2014, identifying PLWH ≥ 18 years old; these included data from participants in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS), a volunteer, multi‐site clinical HIV‐infected cohort. We calculated all‐cause mortality, hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visit rates per 100 person‐years (PY) and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality, adjusting for age, sex, income, rurality, and immigration status.ResultsAmong 23 043 PLWH, 5568 were OCS participants. Compared with nonparticipants, participants were younger and less likely to be female, to be an immigrant and to reside in a major urban centre, and had lower comorbidity. Mortality among active participants, participants LTCFU and nonparticipants was 2.52, 3.30 and 2.20 per 100 PY, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, mortality risk was elevated among participants LTCFU compared with active participants (HR 2.26; 95% confidence interval 1.91, 2.68). Age‐adjusted hospitalization rates and ED visit rates were highest among participants LTCFU.ConclusionsMortality risk and use of health care resources were lower among active cohort participants. Our findings may inform health outcome estimates based on volunteer cohorts, as well as quantitative bias adjustment to correct for such biases.
Green recovery of phenolic compounds from rice byproduct (rice bran) using glycerol based on viscosity, conductivity and density
Authors: Huang Hao , Wang Zhenni , Aalim Halah , Limwachiranon Jarukitt , Li Li , Duan Zhenhua , Ren Guoping , Luo Zisheng 
Published: November 2018

SummaryRice bran, the industry byproduct, contains high levels of phenolic compounds. Based on glycerol, a green recovery of phenolics from rice bran was proposed. Extraction temperature (X1), glycerol concentration (X2) and liquid‐to‐solid ratio (X3) were optimised by response surface methodology. Basic physical properties, that is, viscosity, conductivity, density were analysed and UPLC‐Triple‐TOF/MS method was applied for phenolic identification. Results showed the optimum conditions were X1 = 66.76 °C, X2 = 19.47% and X3 = 32.92 mL g−1. Under these conditions, the recovery yield in total polyphenols was 708.58 ± 12.36 mg GAE/100 g DW. Moreover, the recovery capacity of phenolic compounds was significantly correlated with viscosity, conductivity and density of glycerol solution. Under the optimal conditions, totals of thirteen phenolic compounds were identified and phenolic acids (4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, 4‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid and salicylic acid) were quantified. These results demonstrate glycerol can serve as an ideal green solvent to recover phenolic compounds from rice bran.
Effect of barley β‐glucan on water redistribution and thermal properties of dough
Authors: Huang Ze‐Hua , Zhao Yang , Zhu Ke‐Xue , Guo Xiao‐Na , Peng Wei , Zhou Hui‐Ming 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe effect of adding barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) β‐glucan (BBG) to dough on the water redistribution and the thermal properties of dough was studied by TGA and DSC. Combined with LF‐NMR to analyse the competition and redistribution mechanism of water at the 1H level. The mass loss of the dough measured by TGA was reduced by an average of 2.11% with BBG added. BBG increased the water retention of the dough, delayed the water loss process. The LF‐NMR results showed that at the same water absorption the T21 of the 3% BBG dough was longer while its T22 was shorter than those of the control. BBG has different effects on the different states of water in the dough. BBG increased the free sulfhydryl content in dough during heating, while the adverse effects of BBG on the biopolymer reactions, such as disulfide bond, could be partially relieved by regulating water content.
Valorisation of protein hydrolysates from animal by‐products: perspectives on bitter taste and debittering methods: a review
Authors: Fu Yu , Chen Jingru , Bak Kathrine H. , Lametsch René 
Published: November 2018

SummaryConversion of animal by‐products to high value‐added food ingredients is one of the top trends in the slaughter industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of animal by‐products can generate protein hydrolysates, which provides an opportunity for effective utilisation. However, bitterness of protein hydrolysate is a major undesirable aspect for various applications. In this review, the current knowledge on protein hydrolysates from animal by‐products is briefly reviewed. The structural features of bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors are summarised. Moreover, the potential approaches for debittering protein hydrolysates are highlighted, including exopeptidase treatment, Maillard reaction, plastein reaction and encapsulation. In addition, the current debittering strategies and challenges are also discussed. This article presents some opportunities to utilise protein hydrolysates from animal by‐products and their debittering methods.
Autochthonous white grape pomaces as bioactive source for functional jams
Authors: Restuccia Donatella , Giorgi Gianluca , Gianfranco Spizzirri Umile , Sciubba Fabio , Capuani Giorgio , Rago Vittoria , Carullo Gabriele , Aiello Francesca 
Published: November 2018

SummarySeeds and skins from grape pomaces of Pecorello and Mantonico cv underwent extraction (ultrasound–assisted or maceration), in order to obtain added‐value ingredients for the production of a functional pear jam. The antioxidant features of the extracts were tested by in vitro colorimetric assays. Among seeds, Mantonico by maceration (MSC) showed the best results, as well as Mantonico by ultrasound‐assisted extraction (MBs) among skin extracts. The selected extracts were fully characterised by NMR and MS techniques, confirming the presence of many polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins among others. Pectin was then derivatised by the grafting procedure with the active molecules of MBs and MSC. The latter produced the best antioxidant polymer also without toxicity evaluated using Caco‐2 cells and was used for the jam preparation. The functional pear jam showed improved antioxidant performances in comparison with its non‐functional counterparts as well as its maintenance over time (15 days).
TRB‐J1 usage, in combination with the HLA‐A*01:01 allele, represents an apparent survival advantage for uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma: Comparisons with microscopic assessments of lymphocyte infiltrates
Authors: Clark Kendall R. , Tong Wei Lue , Callahan Blake M. , Yavorski John M. , Tu Yaping N. , Blanck George 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe opportunity for the highly efficient recovery of immune receptor recombination data from cancer specimens, including the ready assessment of immune receptor V and J usage, raises the issue of establishing precise values of assessing the immune receptor status as opposed to obtaining basic information regarding lymphocyte infiltration, in the cancer setting. In this report, we obtained the lymphocyte infiltration percentages from the cancer digital slide archive representing uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and correlated these data with recovery of the immune receptor recombination reads from corresponding UCEC exome files. Results indicated a basic correlation of the recovery of productive T‐cell receptor beta (TRB) recombination reads with lymphocyte infiltration percentages. However, the recovery of specific immune receptor recombination reads did not indicate the same survival outcomes as microscope detection of lymphocyte infiltrate percentages. To further exploit the value of recovery of the TRB recombination reads from the UCEC exome files, we determined the survival outcomes for combinations of TRB gene segment usage and HLA class I alleles, with the most important result being that the combination of HLA‐A*01:01 and TRB‐J1 segment usage reflected a strikingly high survival rate. Overall, this report emphasized the increased value of the knowledge of the immune receptor recombinations, in comparison with basic lymphocyte infiltration percentages, in assessing cancer survival rates.
Impact of leader‐member‐exchange and team‐member‐exchange on nurses’ job satisfaction and turnover intention
Authors: Kim M.‐H. , Yi Y.‐J. 
Published: November 2018

AimTo investigate the impacts of leader‐member exchange and team‐member exchange on job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurses.BackgroundLeader‐member exchange refers to the quality of relationships between leaders and members of a team and studies on this have generally focused on the aspect of member‐leader‐member exchanges. In nursing, the latter can refer to a situation where nurses (members) evaluate their relationship with their head nurse (leader). Member‐leader‐member exchange affects job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurses. However, even though all of these types of exchanges are important, few studies have examined their effects on job satisfaction and the turnover intention of nurses.MethodsParticipants in this descriptive study were 40 head nurses and 284 clinical nurses working at three hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from a questionnaire and analysed using hierarchical multiple regression.ResultsLeader‐leader‐member exchange, member‐leader‐member exchange, and team‐member exchange had a positive effect on job satisfaction. However, only leader‐leader‐member exchange and member‐leader‐member exchange affected turnover intention.ConclusionsThe impacts of leader‐leader‐member exchange, team‐member exchange, and member‐leader‐member exchange on job satisfaction were confirmed. To reduce turnover intention, our study found it is more important to improve leader‐member exchange than team‐member exchange.Implications for nursing practiceIn health organizations, there is an important need to focus on the communication and exchange relationships between leaders and their staff, well as among the members, to increase job satisfaction. This will assist leaders to play an important role in lowering nurses’ turnover intention and create an organizational culture in which nurses can communicate well with them.Implications for nursing policyPolicy changes are needed so that the components of job performance evaluation for nurse leaders also include attendance at regular programmes, such as training to improve their leadership and communication skills, and consultations with their staff members
A Realist Account of Critical Agency in Art Criticism in Art and Design Education
Authors: Maras Karen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article draws on Searle's philosophical realism to explore how critical agency is grounded in critical reasoning and supports the construction of art criticism as an institutional practice in art and design education. Examples of critical exchanges between a teacher and her students reveal how intentional beliefs inherent in the teacher's pedagogical choices implicate students in taking critical agency when constructing a collaborative interpretation of the meaning of a contemporary artwork. The article concludes with some reflections on the implications of a realist account of critical agency for teacher pedagogy and student learning.
‘Over There, in the Future’: The Transformative Agency of Place‐Based Design Education in Remote Aboriginal Communities
Authors: Edwards‐Vandenhoek Samantha 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article outlines the learning design, implementation and shared outcomes of an intensive placed‐based design education programme that was delivered in a specific remote high school learning context in the Warmun Aboriginal community, East Kimberley, Western Australia. Place‐based design education seeks to assist vulnerable young people in shaping their own environments and futures. A two‐way learning framework that emphasised self‐actualisation, co‐creation and shared insights and involved learning through story‐sharing and connecting content to place was adopted. This article suggests that providing students with opportunities to share and acquire Indigenous design knowledge developed their visual thinking, digital literacy, problem‐solving and entrepreneurial skills. Such knowledge, experience and skills build confidence and improve educational outcomes, and will directly benefit Indigenous communities in the long term.
11.30am on a Sunday Morning: Making Meanings with Mary
Authors: Payne Rachel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMarginalisation of the visual arts resulting from the marketisation of education impacts young people's access to and interaction with culture on a global stage. In England this educational disruption is characterised by inconsistent access to arts‐based curricula and democratic pedagogies, where those from lower socio‐economic backgrounds are at risk of neglect. Influenced by this political malaise, I conducted microethnographic research examining how artist workshops shape the cultural interactions of children aged 11 and 12. The research aimed to provide new opportunities for participants living and studying in an area of deprivation in a South of England city with uneven access to broad cultural experiences. Situated in a contemporary art gallery over a two‐week period, the study interrogates how environmental factors affect children's development from a sociocultural perspective. By analysing conversations and art production, children's meaning‐making formations are revealed. Findings indicate that values underpinning the research partnership and performed by the artist are paramount in shaping development. In turn participants perceive themselves as becoming artists where the reproduction of social practices generates new knowledge and identities. Environmental factors disrupt participants’ experiences of pedagogy exposing power and control at the heart of the English education system. However, with new‐found agency emerges a redistribution of power performed through dialogue between participants and the cultural environment, findings which indicate values and practices salient beyond Britain.
The influence of corporate social responsibility on investment efficiency and innovation
Authors: Cook Kirsten A. , Romi Andrea M. , Sánchez Daniela , Sánchez Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe examine two important channels through which corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects firm value: investment efficiency and innovation. We find that firms with higher CSR performance invest more efficiently: these firms are less prone to invest in negative net present value (NPV) projects (overinvestment) and less prone to forego positive NPV projects (underinvestment). We also find that firms with higher CSR performance generate more patents and patent citations. Mediation analysis indicates that firms with higher CSR performance are more profitable and valuable, consequences partially attributable to efficient investments and innovation. These results, robust to alternate model specifications, lend support to enlightened stakeholder theory.
First records of the parthenogenetic Surinam cockroach Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Insecta: Blattodea: Blaberidae) for Central Europe
Authors: Zangl Lukas , Kunz Gernot , Berg Christian , Koblmüller Stephan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSixteen species of cockroaches have been reported for Austria so far. This study is the first record of the parthenogenetic Surinam cockroach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis (L.) for Austria (and thus Central Europe). The species is natively distributed in Indo‐Malaysia but has been unintentionally introduced in many, mainly tropical, countries throughout the world. Sequencing the DNA barcoding region revealed that all Austrian P. surinamensis samples had the same haplotype, which they shared with samples from the United States of America, Guyana and French Polynesia, indicating that all these samples/populations belong to the same clonal lineage. Even though in temperate regions, the occurrence of P. surinamensis is currently limited to greenhouses, we advocate proper monitoring of the populations with respect to global warming and the expected increasing independence of this species from greenhouses that comes along with it.