bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a preclinical model for training and assessment of cerebrospinal fluid leak repair in endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Mattavelli Davide , Ferrari Marco , Rampinelli Vittorio , Schreiber Alberto , Buffoli Barbara , Deganello Alberto , Rodella Luigi F. , Fontanella Marco M. , Nicolai Piero , Doglietto Francesco 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAchieving an effective endoscopic skull base reconstruction in case of large dural defects requires specific training and can be extremely challenging. The aim of this study was to describe the development and validation of a preclinical model for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair, which can be used for training and to test the mechanical efficacy of endoscopic skull base reconstruction.MethodsEleven fresh‐frozen cadaver heads were dissected. A catheter was inserted in the subdural space via a cervical access, which was sealed with mastic; a vertical graduated tube connected to the catheter measured intracranial pressure (ICP), while stained water was injected intracranially. After endoscopic skull base reconstruction was performed, an expert surgeon assessed its efficacy. ICP was then gradually increased until a leak was evident and CSF leak pressure value was recorded. The correlation between subjective and quantitative evaluations was investigated through Pearson and Spearman correlation tests.ResultsThe model was successfully tested in 11 specimens. A single, large dural defect was created in each model (transplanum‐transtuberculum = 4; transplanum‐transtuberculum‐transsellar = 3; transclival = 3; transcribriform‐transplanum = 1). Skull base reconstruction always comprised a rigid buttress with temporal fascia and/or fat. The CSF leak pressure ranged from 4 to 110 cmH2O. The correlation between expert subjective and quantitative assessment of skull base reconstruction mechanical efficacy was high (r = 0.7; rs = 0.7; p = 0.010 and p = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionThis preclinical model is simple, easily reproducible, and effective in simulating an intraoperative leak and objectively measures the CSF leak pressure point of a skull base reconstruction.
Oxysulfide Semiconductors for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting with Visible Light
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Wang Xinchen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic overall water splitting by sulfide‐based materials is a great challenge because of the poor resilience of such materials against hole oxidation. In a recent study, Domen and co‐workers developed an innovative strategy to stabilize sulfide‐based photocatalysts by hybridizing S 3p with O 2p orbitals to produce oxysulfides in which S2− is stable. Further surface engineering of the oxysulfides with dual co‐catalysts promoted charge separation and interface transfer, thus reducing the charge build‐up that inhibits photocorrosion. The pH value of the reaction mixture is a critical consideration for achieving efficient stoichiometric H2 and O2 evolution by these oxysulfide photocatalysts.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Sulfoximines through the S‐Alkylation of Sulfinamides
Authors: Aota Yusuke , Kano Taichi , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInnovation in drug discovery critically depends on the development of new bioisosteric groups. Chiral sulfoximines, which contain a tetrasubstituted sulfur atom that bears one nitrogen, one oxygen, and two different carbon substituents, represent an emerging chiral bioisostere in medicinal chemistry. Chiral sulfoximines are conventionally prepared by a stereospecific nitrene transfer reaction to chiral sulfoxides; however, the number of readily available chiral sulfoxides remains limited. Herein, we report the asymmetric synthesis of a class of hitherto difficult‐to‐access chiral sulfoximines with two structurally similar alkyl chains. Our synthetic approach is based on the sulfur‐selective alkylation of easily accessible chiral sulfinamides with commercially available reagents under simple and safe conditions. This stereospecific S‐alkylation offers a general and scalable approach to the asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfoximines, which represent important substructures in bioactive molecules.
Solid‐State and Gas‐Phase Structures and Energetic Properties of the Dangerous Methyl and Fluoromethyl Nitrates
Authors: Reichel Marco , Krumm Burkhard , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Blomeyer Sebastian , Schwabedissen Jan , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn improved synthesis of the simplest nitric acid ester, methyl nitrate, and a new synthesis of fluoromethyl nitrate use the metathesis of the corresponding iodomethanes with silver nitrate. Both compounds were identified by spectroscopy and the structures determined for in situ grown crystals by X‐ray diffraction as well as in the gas phase by electron diffraction. Fluorination leads to structures with shorter C−O and N−O bonds, has an energetically destabilizing effect and increases friction sensitivity, but decreases detonation performance.
Green facile fabrication of polyimide by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method and its decomposition dynamics
Authors: Zhuo Longhai , Tang Shulin , Zhao Kaiyan , Xie Fan , Bai Yang 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTA microwave‐assisted hydrothermal technique was proposed in this work to fabricate polyimide using ethanol as sole solvent, and the decomposition dynamics of the resulting polyimide was also investigated. The preparation process involved that the ammonium carboxylic ester intermediates could be able to cyclize de‐alchoholation, thus generating imide ring structures. The obtained polyimide exhibited excellent thermal properties. Specifically, the glass transition temperature of the polyimide was around 267.8 °C, and it begun to decompose gradually from about 550 °C. A novel method was employed to choose the dynamics model according to the linear correlation between g(α) and 1/β. As a result, the three‐dimensional diffusion (Jander) model was much more suitable for the thermal decomposition process of the resulting polyimide, and the thermal decomposition mechanism was explained by using the model. The apparent activation energy (E
a) values calculated by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger methods were similar showing the same variation tendency. Furthermore, a series of fitting polynomials for E
a and pre‐exponential factor (A) values were achieved to reflect the trend more accurately. The dynamics results revealed that the decomposition process was complex and could be regarded as multistep reactions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48484.
Polybenzoxazine thermosets with enhanced toughness via blending with phthalazinone‐bearing thermal plastic copoly(aryl ether nitrile)s
Authors: Zong Lishuai , Li Jinlong , Liu Cheng , Zu Yuan , Li Nan , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMatrix resin with excellent toughness finds extensive applications in structural material fields recently. In this article, phthalazinone‐bearing copoly(biphenyl ether nitrile) (PPBEN) was synthesized, followed by solution blending with commercial benzoxazine resins to enhance their toughness. The relationship between loading amount of PPBEN and combined performance of the blend system was systematically detected via the characterization of their curing behavior, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and surface morphology. The results indicated that the presence of PPBEN significantly improved the impact strength of polybenzoxazine (PBOZ) when with 10% PPBEN loading, the impact strength of PPBEN/PBOZ blends was 202% higher than that of neat PBOZ. Simultaneously, the blending system maintained a commendable flexural strength, modulus, glass transition temperature, and thermal stability. The morphology study suggested that PPBEN microparticles dispersing uniformly in bulk played an important role in releasing external energy and were responsible for final toughness during impact process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48508.
Rubber fatigue life prediction using a random forest method and nonlinear cumulative fatigue damage model
Authors: Liu Qiaobin , Shi Wenku , Chen Zhiyong 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, a random forest machine‐learning method is introduced on the basis of the analysis of measured constant amplitude stress fatigue data. This method aims to predict rubber fatigue life under constant amplitude stress. Strain mean value, strain amplitude, and strain ratio are used as independent variables, and the prediction model of rubber fatigue life under constant amplitude stress is established. A nonlinear cumulative fatigue damage model is proposed to calculate rubber fatigue life under the variable amplitude stress. Results show that the random forest method has high precision and generalization capability for rubber fatigue life prediction under constant amplitude stress and the nonlinear cumulative fatigue damage model could be employed to calculate the fatigue life of rubber under variable amplitude stress with enough accuracy according to the constant amplitude stress fatigue life data. This research can provide a reference for rubber fatigue life prediction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48519.
Swelling behavior of butyl and chloroprene rubber composites with poly(sodium acrylate) showing high water uptake
Authors: Oyama Yuya , Hiejima Yusuke , Nitta Koh‐hei 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWater‐swellable rubber (WSR) comprises super absorbent polymer (SAP) embedded in a rubber matrix and has been commonly used as sealants and caulks, in which high water uptake and sufficient mechanical strength are required. In this work, we investigated the swelling behavior and mechanical properties of rubber composites comprising SAP powders. A reinforcement effect is caused by the SAP particles, which are described using a modified Guth–Gold equation up to the semi‐dilute region. The complex modulus shows upper deviation at high SAP content owing to network formation between SAP particles. The swelling force of the WSR is explained by the amount of SAP particles in the surface layer of the matrix up to the semi‐dilute region. The formation of the SAP network leads to an appreciable increase in the swelling force of WSR, as SAP particles embedded in the matrix also contribute to the swelling of WSR. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48535.
Electrochemical hydrogen peroxide nanosensor using a reduced graphene oxide‐poly(6‐(4H‐dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐4‐yl)hexan‐1‐amine) hybrid‐modified electrode
Authors: Azak Hacer 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe construction and biofunctionalization of graphene‐based conjugated polymer nanocomposite that included reduced graphene oxide‐poly DTP‐NH2 hybrid‐modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical H2O2 sensing were accomplished in this work. For the construction of the hydrogen peroxide bioassay, as an initial step of fabrication of the nanobiosensor, a novel conductive polymer structure was synthesized by the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction and structural characterization was carried out by 1H‐NMR and Mass spectroscopy techniques. Then, graphene oxide was chemically synthesized according to Hummers' method to expand the effective surface area to enhance the interaction between enzymes and conjugated polymers. This synthesized structure was assembled by an electrochemically polymerized conductive polymer with graphene oxide on a GCE. The modified glassy electrode surface was obtained by covalent bonding of the electrochemically polymerized DTP‐NH2 with graphene oxide and coated on each well as biomimetic material. The structure and sensing properties of the nanosensing hybrid structure were investigated using UV–vis, AFM, SEM, and XRD. Thanks to the fast electron transfer at the poly(DTP‐NH2)/rGO nanocomposite electrode interface, the developed biosensor exhibits a fast and linear amperometric response upon H2O2. Finally, a biosensor that is more selective and sensitive to H2O2 was developed. Also, the Poly(DTP‐NH2)/rGO nanocomposite based Hydrogen Peroxide Nano sensor displayed excellent selectivity as well as good reproducibility and stability. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48538.
Bosutinib Acts as a Tumor Inhibitor via Downregulating Src/NF‐κB/Survivin Expression in HeLa Cells
Authors: Yu Liang , Guo Weiqiang , Liu Ling , Zhang Guoping , Zhang Fahuang , Qu Yuan , Liu Yining , Li Hui , Li Huiwu 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTEfforts have been made to find effective medical drugs for cervical cancer treatment. The incidence of cervical cancer ranks second among women, and is a serious threat to women's health. Aberrant activation of the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases such as Src is commonly observed in progressive stages of human tumors. Thus, targeting Src kinase could be a promising strategy for cervical cancer therapy. In this study, we explored the potential utility of bosutinib in the treatment of cervical cancer. We found that bosutinib, as a potent dual Src/Abl inhibitor, could exert anti‐tumor effects on cervical cancer. Bosutinib inhibited cervical cancer cells proliferation and colony formation ability in a dose‐dependent manner, and also induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, bosutinib effectively decreased the activity of Src/NF‐κB/survivin signaling pathway. Our study provided a biological rationale to test bosutinib as a valuable therapeutic option for cervical cancer patients. Anat Rec, 302:2193–2200, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Fluorescent “Turn‐on” Sensing Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Karmakar Avishek , Samanta Partha , Dutta Subhajit , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have evolved as an exciting class of materials in the domain of porous materials. The unique features of these materials arise from the combined properties of metal ions/clusters and organic struts which form the building blocks of these fascinating architectures. Among other multifarious applications, MOFs have shown tremendous applications as sensory materials for a wide variety of species. The signal transduction induced mechanism in these confined nanospaces generate optical output in response to a particular analyte which can be detected by wide variety of detection techniques. Fluorometric methods of sensing is one of widely studied method over past few decades. MOF‐based fluorometric detection is a key research theme developed over the past few years. In this review, we give a brief overview of the recent developments of MOFs as “turn‐on” sensors for a wide range of analytes (viz. cations, anions, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc.).
Effects of Physical Damage in the Intermediate Phase on the Progression of Amyloid β Fibrillization
Authors: Tashiro Ryu , Taguchi Hiroaki , Hidaka Kumi , Endo Masayuki , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism responsible for the progression of amyloid deposition is important for developing methods to suppress this process in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The effects of physical damage during the transition phase of amyloid β fibril formation are unclear. In this study, we used high‐speed atomic force microscopy to investigate the effects of damage to the intermediates of amyloid β in real time. Physical damage to intermediates did not suppress, but instead promoted fibrillization. This progression was accompanied by morphological changes from globular oligomers to protofibrils. These results suggest that the properties of the intermediates, such as structural fragility and stability, are highly related to the rate of fibrillization.
Electroluminochromic Materials and Devices Based on Metal Complexes
Authors: Zhuang Yanling , Guo Song , Deng Yongjing , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectroluminochromism (ELC) refers to an interesting phenomenon exhibited by a material whose luminescent properties can be reversibly modulated under an electrical stimulus. Such a luminescence‐switching property has been widely used in various organic optoelectronic devices because it can simultaneously detect electrical and optical signals. Metal complexes are the promising candidates for ELC materials due to their sensitivity to an electrical stimulus. Herein, recent progress on electroluminochromic materials and devices based on various metal complexes has been summarized. Meanwhile, the applications of these complexes in data recording and security protection have also been discussed. Finally, a brief conclusion and outlook are presented, pointing out that the development of electroluminochromic metal complexes with excellent performance is important because they play a vital role in future intelligent optoelectronic devices.
Recent Advances in the Deoxydehydration of Vicinal Diols and Polyols
Authors: Donnelly Liam J. , Thomas Stephen P. , Love Jason B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeoxydehydration (DODH) is one of the most promising tools to reduce the oxygen content of biomass (sugars and polyols) and provide analogues of platform chemicals that are derived from fossil resources. This reaction converts a vicinal diol into an alkene and is typically catalyzed by high‐oxidation‐state metal‐oxo compounds in the presence of a stoichiometric reductant, with examples of both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. This minireview will highlight the developments in this field over the past 5 years and focus on efforts to solve the problems that currently prevent DODH being performed on a commercial scale, including the nature of the reductant, substrate scope and selectivity, and catalyst recovery and expense.
Chromospheric activity behavior of an eclipsing binary system KOI 68AB
Authors: Kaya N. Ö. , Dal H. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present the results obtained from KOI 68AB's light variation, which exhibits a sinusoidal light variation due to the stellar spots. Two active regions longitudinally separated by about 180° between the latitudes of +70° and +110° were found. A total of 313 flares were determined, and flare parameters were calculated. The One Phase Exponential Association model was derived using these parameters. The energy saturation parameter Plateau value was found to be 1.219 ± 0.088 s, and its time scale parameter half‐life value was found to be 1,190 s. The flare number per hour, known as N1 frequency, was found to be 0.02406 h−1, while the flare‐equivalent duration emitted per hour, known as N2, was found to be 0.000008. Considering new spectral observations, the target seems to be an eclipsing binary system. Because of this, the light curve is analyzed under an assumption that the target is an eclipsing binary. In these analyses, the sum of the fractional radii is found to be 0.1908, and the fractional radii ratio is 1.8973.
Increased Intra‐Subject Variability of Reaction Times and Single‐Trial Event‐Related Potential Components in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Magnuson Justine R. , Iarocci Grace , Doesburg Sam M. , Moreno Sylvain 
Published: October 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1 in 59 children. The cognitive profiles of individuals with ASD are varied, and the neurophysiological underpinnings of these developmental difficulties are unclear. While many studies have focused on overall group differences in the amplitude or latency of event related potential (ERP) responses, recent research suggests that increased intra‐subject neural variability may also be a reliable indicator of atypical brain function in ASD. This study aimed to identify behavioral and neural variability responses during an emotional inhibitory control task in children with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) children. Children with ASD showed increased variability in response to both inhibitory and emotional stimuli, evidenced by greater reaction time variability and single‐trial ERP variability of N200 and N170 amplitudes and/or latencies compared to TD children. These results suggest that the physiological basis of ASD may be more accurately explained by increased intra‐subject variability, in addition to characteristic increases or decreases in the amplitude or latency of neural responses. Autism Res 2020, 13:221–229. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe cognitive functions including memory, attention, executive functions, and perception, of individuals with ASD are varied, and the physiological underpinnings of these profiles are unclear. In this study, children with ASD showed increased intra‐subject neural and behavioral variability in response to an emotional inhibitory control task compared to typically developing children. These results suggest that the physiological basis of ASD may also be explained by increased behavioral and neural variability in people with ASD, rather than simply characteristic increases or decreases in averaged brain responses.
An integrated sustainability evaluation of high‐octane gasoline production from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Tan Eric C. D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA holistic sustainability analysis for early‐stage biofuel production processes plays a critical role in the improvement of the overall life‐cycle sustainability. Once a conceptual conversion process is developed, the next step is to evaluate its overall sustainability, preferably based on a process sustainability evaluation methodology using various indicators. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Gauging Reaction Effectiveness for the Environmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a Multi‐objective Process Evaluator (GREENSCOPE) methodology evaluates processes in four areas: environment, energy, economics, and efficiency. The method develops relative sustainability scores for indicators that allow comparisons across various technologies. In this study, we implemented GREENSCOPE methodology for a sustainability performance assessment of NREL's conceptual design for the indirect liquefaction of biomass to high‐octane gasoline blendstock by evaluating a range of metrics beyond the typical minimum fuel selling price and greenhouse gas emissions considerations. We applied this methodology to assess the sustainability performance of this gate‐to‐gate conceptual design. One outcome of the sustainability evaluation is to allow researchers to identify process areas in need of sustainability improvement during biofuel production, and the challenges and opportunities for achieving the best possible sustainability targets. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Storage of Carotenoids in Crustaceans as an Adaptation to Modulate Immunopathology and Optimize Immunological and Life‐History Strategies
Authors: Babin Aurélie , Moreau Jérôme , Moret Yannick 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhy do some invertebrates store so much carotenoids in their tissues? Storage of carotenoids may not simply be passive and dependent on their environmental availability, as storage variation exists at various taxonomic scales, including among individuals within species. While the strong antioxidant and sometimes immune‐stimulating properties of carotenoids may be beneficial enough to cause the evolution of features improving their assimilation and storage, they may also have fitness downsides explaining why massive carotenoid storage is not universal. Here, the functional and ecological implications of carotenoid storage for the evolution of invertebrate innate immune defenses are examined, especially in crustaceans, which massively store carotenoids for unclear reasons. Three testable hypotheses about the role of carotenoid storage in immunological (resistance and tolerance) and life‐history strategies (with a focus on aging) are proposed, which may ultimately explain the storage of large amounts of these pigments in a context of host–pathogen interactions.