bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones: a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Campschroer Thijs , Zhu Xiaoye , Vernooij Robin W.M. , Lock Tycho M.T.W. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of α‐blockers compared to standard therapy or placebo for ureteric stones of ≤10 mm confirmed by imaging in adult patients presenting with symptoms of ureteric stone disease.Patients and MethodsWe performed a systematic search in multiple databases and grey literature with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status, up until November 2017. We included randomised controlled trials evaluating ureteric stone passage in adult patients that compared α‐blockers with standard therapy or placebo. Two review authors were independently responsible for study selection, data extraction, and risk‐of‐bias assessment. We performed a meta‐analysis using a random‐effect model. The quality of evidence was assessed on outcome basis according to Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsWe included 67 studies, with 10 509 participants overall. Of these, 15 studies with 5 787 participants used a placebo. Stone clearance: treatment with an α‐blocker may result in a large increase in stone clearance (risk ratio [RR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–1.55; low‐quality evidence), corresponding to 278 more (95% CI: 223–340 more) stone clearances per 1 000 participants. For major adverse events, treatment with an α‐blocker may have little effect (RR 1.25, 95% CI: 0.80–1.96; low‐quality evidence), which corresponds to five more (95% CI four fewer to 19 more) major adverse events per 1 000 participants. Patients treated with α‐blockers may also experience shorter stone expulsion times (mean difference [MD] −3.40 days, 95% CI: −4.17 to −2.63; low‐quality evidence), use less diclofenac (MD −82.41 mg, 95% CI: −122.51 to −42.31; low‐quality evidence) and likely require fewer hospitalisations (RR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34–0.77; moderate‐quality evidence). Meanwhile, the need for surgical intervention appears similar (RR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53–1.02; low‐quality evidence). Based on a pre‐defined subgroup analysis (test for subgroup difference, P = 0.002), there may be a different effect of α‐blockers based on stone size with RRs of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.98–1.15; P = 0.16; I² = 62%) for stones of ≤5 mm vs 1.45 (95% CI: 1.22–1.72; P < 0.0001; I² = 59%) for stones of >5 mm. We did not find evidence for possible subgroup effects based on stone location or α‐blocker type.ConclusionsIn patients with ureteric stones, α‐blockers likely increase stone clearance but probably also slightly increase the risk of major adverse events. Subgroup analyses suggest that α‐blockers may be less effective in smaller (≤5 mm) than larger stones (>5 mm).
Disruptive Innovation: An Intellectual History and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Christensen Clayton M. , McDonald Rory , Altman Elizabeth J. , Palmer Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe concept of disruptive innovation has gained considerable currency among practitioners despite widespread misunderstanding of its core principles. Similarly, foundational research on disruption has elicited frequent citation and vibrant debate in academic circles, but subsequent empirical research has rarely engaged with its key theoretical arguments. This inconsistent reception warrants a thoughtful evaluation of research on disruptive innovation within management and strategy. We trace the theory’s intellectual history, noting how its core principles have been clarified by anomaly‐seeking research. We also trace the theory’s evolution from a technology‐change framework—essentially descriptive and relatively limited in scope—to a more broadly explanatory causal theory of innovation and competitive response. This assessment reveals that our understanding of the phenomenon of disruption has changed as the theory has developed. To reinvigorate academic interest in disruptive innovation, we propose several underexplored topics—response strategies, performance trajectories, and innovation metrics—to guide future research.
Morphology and molecular phylogeny of epizoic araphid diatoms on marine zooplankton, including Pseudofalcula hyalina gen. & comb. nov. (Fragilariophyceae, Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Gómez Fernando , Wang Lu , Lin Senjie 
Published: June 2018

Some diatoms are able to colonize as epibionts on their potential zooplankton predators. Here, we report Pseudohimantidium pacificum living on the copepod Corycaeus giesbrechti and as a new finding on Oithona nana, Protoraphis atlantica living on the copepod Pontellopsis brevis, Protoraphis hustedtiana on the cypris larvae of barnacles, and Falcula hyalina on the copepod Acartia lilljeborgii. The epizoic diatoms were able to grow as free‐living forms under culture conditions. Pseudohimantidium pacificum and P. atlantica appeared as the most derived species from their benthic diatom ancestors. The mucilage pad or stalk of the strains of these species showed important morphological distinction when compared with their epizoic forms. Barnacle larvae explore benthic habitats before settlement, and epibiosis on them is an example where P. hustedtiana profits from the host behavior for dispersal of its benthic populations. Molecular phylogenies based on the SSU rRNA and RuBisCO large subunit (rbcL) gene sequences revealed F. hyalina as an independent lineage within the Fragilariales (Tabularia, Catacombas, and others), consistent with its morphological distinction in the low number of rows (≤6) in the ocellulimbus, among other features. We propose the transfer of F. hyalina to the genus Pseudofalcula gen. nov. Molecular phylogeny suggests a single order for the members of the Cyclophorales and the Protoraphidales, and that the epibioses of araphid diatoms on marine zooplankton have been independently acquired several times. These clades are constituted of both epizoic and epiphytic/epilithic forms that evidence a recent acquisition of the epizoic modus vivendi.
Status and future of disease protection and grape berry quality alteration by micro-organisms in viticulture
Authors: Otoguro M. , Suzuki S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most widely grown fruit crops in the world. At present, however, there is much concern regarding chemical pollution in viticulture due to the application of chemical fungicides and fertilizers. One viticultural practice to resolve this issue is the application of micro-organisms to grapevine as a substitute for chemicals. Some micro-organisms act as an enhancer of grape berry quality as well as a suppresser of disease in grapevine through their antagonistic ability and/or systemic resistance inducing ability. Herein, we review current and prospective applications of micro-organisms in viticulture.

Significance and Impact of the Study
In this review, we evaluate the applicability of micro-organisms in viticulture. Micro-organisms can improve grape berry quality through grapevine disease protection and grape berry quality alteration. Because the use of micro-organisms to protect grapevine from plant diseases is safer than the use of chemical fungicides, the use of biofungicides in viticulture is expected to be enhanced by the increasing consumer concern towards chemical fungicides. Micro-organisms also modify plant secondary metabolites for use as flavours, pharmaceuticals and food additives. Studies of micro-organisms that promote polyphenol, anthocyanin and aroma compound biosynthesis are in progress with an eye to improving grape berry quality.
Sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury: A disease of the microcirculation
Authors: Ma Shuai , Evans Roger G. , Iguchi Naoya , Tare Marianne , Parkington Helena C. , Bellomo Rinaldo , May Clive N. , Lankadeva Yugeesh R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAKI is a common complication of sepsis and is significantly associated with mortality. Sepsis accounts for more than 50% of the cases of AKI, with a mortality rate of up to 40%. The pathogenesis of septic AKI is complex, but there is emerging evidence that, at least in the first 48 hours, the defects may be functional rather than structural in nature. For example, septic AKI is associated with an absence of histopathological changes, but with microvascular abnormalities and tubular stress. In this context, renal medullary hypoxia due to redistribution of intra‐renal perfusion is emerging as a critical mediator of septic AKI. Clinically, vasopressor drugs remain the cornerstone of therapy for maintenance of blood pressure and organ perfusion. However, in septic AKI, there is insensitivity to vasopressors such as norepinephrine, leading to persistent hypotension and organ failure. Vasopressin, angiotensin II, and, paradoxically, α2‐adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine and dexmedetomidine) may be feasible adjunct therapies for catecholamine‐resistant vasodilatory shock. In this review, we outline the recent progress made in understanding how these drugs may influence the renal microcirculation, which represents a crucial step toward developing better approaches for the circulatory management of patients with septic AKI.
Comparison of Histidine‐Tryptophan‐Ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin preservation solutions in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Mangus Richard S. , Schroering Joel R. , Hathaway Taylor J. , Kubal Chandrashekhar A. , Fridell Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUW and HTK solutions are the two primary organ preservation solutions most used in the United States. This study analyzes use of the two solutions in all pediatric liver transplants performed at a single center between 2001and 2017. Outcome measures included early graft function, as well as graft and patient survival. Bile duct complications were reviewed. Operative technique, immunosuppressive protocols, and donor acceptance criteria remained uniform among participating surgeons throughout the study period. There were 104 pediatric liver transplants with complete data during the study period, 75 preserved with HTK (68%) and 29 with UW (26%). Demographics were similar. Cold and warm ischemia times were similar. Peak ALT post‐transplant was higher in the UW group at both peak and post‐transplant day 3. The peak TB levels were similar. Bile duct strictures were more common in the UW group (44% vs 16%, P < .01). Early graft survival was statistically similar at 7‐, 90‐ and 365‐days post‐transplant. Cox regression graft survival was similar at 10‐years. This study suggests that use of HTK in pediatric liver transplantation is safe with outcomes similar to UW, though bile duct stricture rates may be lower with HTK.
On Partial Agreement and Oblique Case
Authors: Atlamaz Ümit , Baker Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn many languages, overt case marking hidesϕ‐features from agreement probes. In some languages, such as Hindi, this effect is absolute. But in Adıyaman Kurmanji, our focus here, the effect is partial: the number feature of third‐person oblique subjects can be registered on the verb. We account for the difference by saying that overtly case‐marked nominals are in fact agreed with in the syntax, but the actual transfer ofϕ‐feature values happens at PF, where it is sensitive to postsyntactic operations like Fusion. All and only heads that fuse with case (a K head) can feed valuation and thus be realized on the agreement probe. Adıyaman Kurmanji is a language where number fuses with K and this feeds agreement, resulting in partial agreement with overtly case‐marked nominals (in number but not person), whereas Hindi is not. The possibility of object agreement in these languages is, we claim, the result of Multiple Agree, which creates complex feature bundles on agreement probes that are only partially realized morphologically at PF. We further support our theory by applying it to Icelandic and Faroese, languages that are often thought not to have agreement with oblique subjects but that may allow agreement in very specific situations, which our theory elucidates.
Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark
Authors: Hannerz Harald , Larsen Ann Dyreborg , Garde Anne Helene 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to test if incidences of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and usage of antihypertensive drugs are independent of weekly working hours (WWH) among full-time employees in Denmark.Design and participantsData on WWH from participants of the Danish labour force surveys, 1999–2013, were linked on an individual level to national registers with data on socioeconomic status (SES), industry, emigrations, redeemed prescriptions, hospital contacts and deaths. Participants were followed until the end of 2014 (on average 7.7 years). Poisson regression was used to model incidence rates as a function of WWH. The analyses were controlled for calendar time, time passed since start of follow-up, employment in the healthcare industry, age, sex, SES and night work.ResultsIn total, we found 3635 cases of IHD and 20 648 cases of antihypertensive drug usage. The rate ratio of IHD was 0.95 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.06) for 41–48 compared with 32–40 WWH and 1.07 (0.94 to 1.21) for >48 compared with 32–40 WWH. The corresponding rate ratios for antihypertensive drug usage were 0.99 (0.95 to 1.04) and 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08). No statistically significant interactions between WWH and sex, SES and night work, respectively, were found.ConclusionIn this Danish sample, we did not find any statistically significant association between WWH and IHD or antihypertensive drug usage.
Changes in the rate of publicly financed knee arthroscopies: an analysis of data from the Norwegian patient registry from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Holtedahl Robin , Brox Jens Ivar , Aune Arne Kristian , Nguyen Daniel , Risberg May Arna , Tjomsland Ole 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo examine rates of publicly financed knee arthroscopic surgery in Norway between 2012 and 2016.DesignAnalysis of anonymised data from the National Patient Registry.InterventionsBeginning in 2012, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority implemented administrative measures to bring down rates of knee arthroscopy. Similar measures were not introduced in the other three Regional Health Authorities.Main outcome measuresWe analysed annual national rates of publicly financed knee arthroscopies in 2012 and 2016. We compared the rates in South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority with corresponding rates in the rest of the country. Variations by county, public hospital versus publicly reimbursed private hospital, gender and age were also assessed.ResultsThe overall annual rate of arthroscopic procedures declined by 33% from 2012 to 2016, from 310 to 207 per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively. Hospitals in South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority reported a 48% reduction, compared with mean 13% in the other three Regional Health Authorities. In public hospitals, rates decreased nationally by 42%, while rates in publicly reimbursed private hospitals increased by 12%. Rates in publicly reimbursed private hospitals decreased by 30% in South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority but increased by 63% in the other Regional Health Authorities. The proportion of patients ≥50 years (excluding meniscal repairs) in Norway was 54% in 2012 and fell to 46% in 2016. Average rates per county varied by a factor of 3:1.ConclusionWe report a marked overall reduction of knee arthroscopic procedures from 2012 to 2016 in publicly funded hospitals. The largest decrease was reported in South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, and this coincides in time with implemented administrative measures. The results suggest that the trend of increasing rates of knee arthroscopies can be reversed through purposeful professional and administrative interventions.
Impact of Exercise Restriction on Arrhythmic Risk Among Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Weijia , Orgeron Gabriela , Tichnell Crystal , Murray Brittney , Crosson Jane , Monfredi Oliver , Cadrin‐Tourigny Julia , Tandri Harikrishna , Calkins Hugh , James Cynthia A. 
Published: June 2018

Background

Prior studies have shown a close link between exercise and development of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. How much exercise restriction reduces ventricular arrhythmia (VA), how genotype modifies its benefit, and whether it reduces risk sufficiently to defer implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (
ICD
) placement in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy are unknown.

Methods and Results

We interviewed 129 arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients (age: 34.0±14.8 years; male: 60%) with
ICD
s (36% primary prevention) about exercise participation. Exercise change was defined as annual exercise duration and dose in the 3 years before clinical presentation minus that after presentation. The primary outcome was appropriate
ICD
therapy for VA. During the 5.1 years (interquartile range: 2.7–10.8 years) after presentation, 74% (95/129) patients reduced exercise dose and 85 (66%) patients experienced the primary outcome. In multivariate analyses, top tertile reduction in exercise duration and dose were both associated with less
VA
(duration: hazard ratio: 0.23 [95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.81]; dose: hazard ratio: 0.14 [95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.44]). Greater reduction in exercise dose conferred greater reduction in
VA
(
P
=0.01 for trend). Patients without desmosomal mutations and those with primary‐prevention
ICD
s benefited more from exercise reduction (
P
=0.16 and
P
=0.06 for interaction); however, 58% (18/31) of athletes who reduced exercise dose by >80% still experienced
VA
.

Conclusions

Exercise restriction should be recommended to all arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients with
ICD
s. Patients who are “gene‐elusive” and those with primary‐prevention devices may particularly benefit. Exercise reduction is unlikely to reduce arrhythmia sufficiently in high‐risk patients to alter decision‐making regarding
ICD
implantation.
Double Bubbles on the Real Line with Log-Convex Density
Authors: Bongiovanni Eliot , Di Giosia Leonardo , Diaz Alejandro , Habib Jahangir , Kakkar Arjun , Kenigsberg Lea , Pittman Dylanger , Sothanaphan Nat , Zhu Weitao 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The classic double bubble theorem says that the least-perimeter way to enclose and separate two prescribed volumes in ℝN is the standard double bubble. We seek the optimal double bubble in ℝN with density, which we assume to be strictly log-convex. For N = 1 we show that the solution is sometimes two contiguous intervals and sometimes three contiguous intervals. In higher dimensions we think that the solution is sometimes a standard double bubble and sometimes concentric spheres (e.g. for one volume small and the other large).
Cultural Intolerance and Aversion to Foreign Judgments in the American States
Authors: Efrat Asif , Newman Abraham L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Is there hostility toward things foreign in the US legal system? Existing work examines the success of foreign litigants in American courts and fails to find clear evidence for the existence of xenophobia. We propose to shift the debate toward the legislative framework underlying transnational litigation. Specifically, this study examines the willingness to facilitate the enforcement of foreign judgments through state legislation. Our statistical analysis finds that cultural attitudes do matter: where society exhibits intolerance and xenophobia, foreign judgments are less welcome. By demonstrating how cultural attitudes shape the law, this study contributes to the debate on the social origins of legal norms, and also advances the analysis of legal-system interaction in the age of globalization.
On the constancy of signs and order of magnitude of Fourier–Haar coefficients
Authors: Gogoladze Larry , Tsagareishvili Vakhtang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the paper, we investigate the relation between the properties of functions and their Fourier–Haar coefficients. We show that for some classes of functions Fourier–Haar coefficients have constant signs and order of magnitude.
In 1964, Golubov proved in [B. I. Golubov,
On Fourier series of continuous functions with respect to a Haar system (in Russian),
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 28 1964, 1271–1296] that if

f
⁢

(
x
)

∈

C
⁢

(
0
,
1
)

{f(x)\in C(0,1)}

, then its Fourier–Haar coefficients have constant signs when

f
⁢

(
x
)

{f(x)}

is a nonincreasing function on

[
0
,
1
]

{[0,1]}

, and in some cases those coefficients have a certain order of magnitude.
In the present paper, we continue to investigate the properties of functions which follow from the behavior of their Fourier–Haar coefficients.
Upregulation of Twist is involved in Gli1 induced migration and invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Li Juan , He Yuting , Cao Yuan , Yu Yan , Chen Xiaolong , Gao Xiaojuan , Hu Qiuyue 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while its detailed mechanisms are not well illustrated. Our present study revealed that the expression of Gli1, while not Gli2 or Gli3, is significantly increased in HCC cell lines and 20/28 (71.4%) HCC tissues as compared with their corresponding controls. Over expression of Gli1 can promote the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. Gli1 can increase the expression of Twist, while not other EMT transcription factors such as Snail, ZEB1 or Slug. Gli1 increases the transcription of Twist while it has no significant effect on the protein or mRNA stability. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction confirms that Gli1 can directly bind to the promoter of Twist, in which the third binding site is essential for Gli1 induced transcription. Collectively, our data suggest that upregulation of Twist is involved in Gli1 induced migration and invasion of HCC cells.
Cold atmospheric plasma treatment inhibits growth in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Schneider Christin , Arndt Stephanie , Zimmermann Julia L. , Li Yangfang , Karrer Sigrid , Bosserhoff Anja K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Plasma oncology is a relatively new field of research. Recent developments have indicated that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology is an interesting new therapeutic approach to cancer treatment. In this study, p53 wildtype (LoVo) and human p53 mutated (HT29 and SW480) colorectal cancer cells were treated with the miniFlatPlaSter – a device particularly developed for the treatment of tumor cells – that uses the Surface Micro Discharge (SMD) technology for plasma production in air. The present study analyzed the effects of plasma on colorectal cancer cells in vitro and on normal colon tissue ex vivo. Plasma treatment had strong effects on colon cancer cells, such as inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell death and modulation of p21 expression. In contrast, CAP treatment of murine colon tissue ex vivo for up to 2 min did not show any toxic effect on normal colon cells compared to H2O2 positive control. In summary, these results suggest that the miniFlatPlaSter plasma device is able to kill colorectal cancer cells independent of their p53 mutation status. Thus, this device presents a promising new approach in colon cancer therapy.