bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with low aerobic capacity and increased mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease – a CARE CR study
Authors: Nichols Simon , O'Doherty Alasdair F. , Taylor Claire , Clark Andrew L. , Carroll Sean , Ingle Lee 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn patients with chronic heart failure, there is a positive linear relationship between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and peak oxygen consumption (O2peak); an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality. We investigated the association between SMM and O2peak in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) without a diagnosis of heart failure.MethodsMale patients with CHD underwent maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing and dual X‐ray absorptiometry assessment. O2peak, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen pulse were calculated. SMM was expressed as appendicular lean mass (lean mass in both arms and legs) and reported as skeletal muscle index (SMI; kg m−2), and as a proportion of total body mass (appendicular skeletal mass [ASM%]). Low SMM was defined as a SMI <7·26 kg m−2, or ASM% <25·72%. Five‐year all‐cause mortality risk was calculated using the Calibre 5‐year all‐cause mortality risk score.ResultsSixty patients were assessed. Thirteen (21·7%) had low SMM. SMI and ASM% correlated positively with O2peak (r = 0·431 and 0·473, respectively; P<0·001 for both). SMI and ASM% predicted 16·3% and 12·9% of the variance in O2peak, respectively. SMI correlated most closely with peak oxygen pulse (r = 0·58; P<0·001). SMI predicted 40·3% of peak O2/HR variance. ASM% was inversely associated with 5‐year all‐cause mortality risk (r = −0·365; P = 0·006).ConclusionSkeletal muscle mass was positively correlated with O2peak in patients with CHD. Peak oxygen pulse had the strongest association with SMM. Low ASM% was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality. The effects of exercise and nutritional strategies aimed at improving SMM and function in CHD patients should be investigated.
Persistence of genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of three New Zealand forest beetles under climate change
Authors: Rizvanovic Mirnesa , Kennedy Jonathan D. , Nogués‐Bravo David , Marske Katharine A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimContemporary climate change is predicted to impact all levels of biodiversity, including intraspecific genetic diversity, the evolutionary basis for future adaptation. While numerous studies use species distribution models (SDMs) to predict species’ future distributions, relatively few investigate potential climatic impacts on the spatial structure of genetic diversity, and how it varies across species ranges. We revisited phylogeographic data for three New Zealand forest beetles to predict the effects of climate change on the geographic distributions, genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure for each species.LocationNew ZealandMethodsWe used ensemble SDMs to predict potential distributions for Agyrtodes labralis (Leiodidae), Brachynopus scutellaris (Staphylinidae) and Epistranus lawsoni (Zopheridae) in 2035, 2065 and 2100. To assess the impact of predicted range loss on genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure, we estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity, ΦST, Average Taxonomic Distinctness (AvTax), Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) and Net Relatedness Index (NRI) under current and future climatic scenarios, excluding sequences from localities predicted to become unsuitable. We tested whether predicted population loss was spatially clustered and how losses were distributed across the phylogenies of each species.ResultsAgyrtodes labralis is predicted to lose parts of its current distribution by 2100, with the loss of 50% of unique haplotypes and a significant reduction in PD, while Brachynopus scutellaris and Epistranus lawsoni will likely experience an expansion in climatically suitable area and little change in genetic diversity. Brachynopus scutellaris populations are predicted to be more phylogenetically clustered than expected by 2100, but changes in AvTax were negligible for all species.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate that the loss of genetic diversity under climate change is significant; however, intraspecific lineages with deep genetic divergences are widely distributed, buffering against greater change in phylogeographic structure. For species with strong geographic clustering of genetic diversity, climate change impacts may be quite different.
Laterality of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) explains externalizing behaviors through its association with executive function
Authors: Garic Dea , Broce Iris , Graziano Paulo , Mattfeld Aaron , Dick Anthony Steven 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigated the development of a recently identified white matter pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its association with executive function and externalizing behaviors in a sample of 129 neurotypical male and female human children ranging in age from 7 months to 19 years. We found that the FAT could be tracked in 92% of those children, and that the pathway showed age‐related differences into adulthood. The change in white matter microstructure was very rapid until about 6 years, and then plateaued, only to show age‐related increases again after the age of 11 years. In a subset of those children (5–18 years; n = 70), left laterality of the microstructural properties of the FAT was associated with greater attention problems as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). However, this relationship was fully mediated by higher executive dysfunction as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). This relationship was specific to the FAT—we found no relationship between laterality of a control pathway, or of the white matter of the brain in general, and attention and executive function. These findings suggest that the degree to which the developing brain favors a right lateralized structural dominance of the FAT is directly associated with executive function and attention. This novel finding provides a new potential structural biomarker to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive dysfunction during development.
Managing mature forest features: The production, accuracy and ecological relevance of a landscape‐scale map
Authors: Koch Amelia J. , Webb Matthew , Cawthen Lisa , Livingston Daniel , Munks Sarah A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMature trees and forests contain structural features such as tree hollows, large coarse woody debris and large spreading crowns that provide critical habitat for a wide range of species. These features can take hundreds of years to develop and require careful management to ensure their continued availability. Managing these features requires spatial mapping layers to facilitate landscape‐scale management. This paper outlines how a map of mature forest habitat was developed for Tasmania, Australia. The map was produced using spatial data on vegetation type, mature crown density and senescence, a global layer of forest loss data derived from satellite imagery, a database on timber harvest plans and a spatial layer on the extent of fire. The relationship between mapped mature habitat availability (high, medium, low or negligible) and tree hollow availability in wet forest areas was explored, complementing a similar published study in dry forests. The number of large trees likely to have hollows significantly increased with mapped mature habitat availability, although there was considerable variation and overlap between map categories. Data from a fauna locality database and two radio‐tracking studies showed that three of the vertebrate hollow‐using species examined (Swift Parrot, Common Brushtail Possum and the Tasmanian Long‐eared Bat) and nest records of a species reliant on large tree crowns (the Wedge‐tailed Eagle) were all more likely to occur in areas of higher mapped mature habitat availability. It is concluded that this map reflects the relative availability of tree hollows, is ecologically meaningful and will be useful when managing mature forest habitat at large spatial scales, but the variable accuracy of the map at fine scales needs to be taken into account.
An exotic woody weed in a pastoral landscape provides habitat for many native species, but has no apparent threatened species conservation significance
Authors: Ranyard Claire E. , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. , Johnson Christopher N. , Barmuta Leon A. , Jones Menna E. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryExotic woody plants are often used by native organisms, but may also be targets of expensive control justified by nature conservation. We determine the use of a weed of national significance, Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.), by native mammals, birds, reptiles and vascular plants in pastoral areas in an Australian biodiversity hotspot. Large numbers of fauna species were observed using Gorse within our 43 × 1 ha sample sites in riparian, woodland and pasture vegetation. Gorse cover and/or height positively influenced: the detection of mammals as a whole in an interaction with visibility at 50–75 cm above ground, but not their species richness or individual species abundances; bird abundance, but not richness; and, reptile richness but not abundance. In terms of flora, Gorse cover and/or height positively affected: non‐native plant species richness and the height and fecundity, but not the richness, of native grasses and forbs—but Gorse cover negatively influenced the height of native herbs. The only species of conservation significance using Gorse were three mammals, only one of which, the Tasmanian Pademelon (Thylogale billardieri), was sufficiently common to analyse. Its abundance had no relationship with Gorse cover or height. Even in the wider context of complementary work, there is no strong threatened species conservation justification for retaining Gorse thickets in the Northern Midlands pastoral landscape. Equally, expending scarce conservation resources to remove Gorse, as is taking place, is unlikely to achieve any threatened species conservation outcome but may help reduce long‐term loss of native animal and plant species.
Clopidogrel may decrease the risk of post‐stroke infection after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Kim T. J. , Lee J. S. , Kang M.‐K. , Nam K.‐W. , Lee C.‐H. , Mo H. , Jeong H.‐Y. , Yoon B.‐W. , Ko S.‐B. 
Published: August 2018

Background and purposeThe P2Y12 receptor, a well‐known factor in the platelet activation pathway, plays a role in thrombosis as well as systemic inflammation. Clopidogrel, a prototype P2Y12 receptor antagonist, reportedly decreases inflammation and systemic infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether clopidogrel use decreases the risk of post‐stroke infection following ischaemic stroke.MethodsA total of 1643 patients with acute ischaemic stroke (within 7 days after onset) were included for analysis between March 2010 and December 2015. Patients were categorized into two groups (clopidogrel users versus clopidogrel non‐users), and clinical characteristics and risks of post‐stroke infection were compared between the two groups. The inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scores for baseline imbalance adjustments was applied.ResultsOf the included patients (mean age 67.7 years; men 60.6%), 670 (40.8%) patients were clopidogrel users and 164 (10.0%) patients had post‐stroke infection. The proportion of patients with post‐stroke infection was significantly lower in clopidogrel users compared to clopidogrel non‐users (6.7% vs. 12.2%, P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, clopidogrel users were less likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (13.3% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.006). A multivariate analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting revealed that clopidogrel users exhibited a lower risk of post‐stroke infection (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.75) and intensive care unit admission (odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.22–0.53).ConclusionsThe study suggested that clopidogrel users exhibit a lower risk of infection and develop less severe infections after ischaemic stroke. Further prospective studies are needed.
EpiNet study of incidence of status epilepticus in Auckland, New Zealand: Methods and preliminary results
Authors: Bergin Peter S. , Brockington Alice , Jayabal Jayaganth , Scott Shona , Litchfield Rhonda , Roberts Lynair , Timog Jerelyn , Beilharz Erica , Dalziel Stuart R. , Jones Peter , Yates Kim , Thornton Vanessa , Walker Elizabeth B. , Ao Braden Te , Parmar Priya , Beghi Ettore , Rossetti Andrea O. , Feigin Valery 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe EpiNet project has been commenced to facilitate investigator‐led collaborative research in epilepsy. A new Web‐based data collection tool has been developed within EpiNet to record comprehensive data regarding status epilepticus and has been used for a study of status epilepticus in Auckland, New Zealand. All patients aged >4 weeks who presented to any of the five public hospitals and the major private hospital within Auckland city (population = 1.61 million) with an episode of status epilepticus between April 6, 2015 and April 5, 2016 were identified using multiple overlapping sources of information. For this study, status epilepticus was defined as any seizure exceeding 10 minutes in duration, or repeated seizures lasting >10 minutes without recovery between seizures. Patients who had either convulsive or nonconvulsive status epilepticus were included. Episodes of status epilepticus were classified according to the 2015 International League Against Epilepsy ILAE status epilepticus classification. A total of 477 episodes in 367 patients were considered as definite or probable status epilepticus; 285 episodes (62%) lasted >30 minutes, which is the duration that has previously been used for epidemiological studies of status epilepticus.
Predictors for achieving oral intake in older patients with aspiration pneumonia: Videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing function
Authors: Ito Mari , Kawakami Michiyuki , Ohara Emi , Muraoka Kaori , Liu Meigen 
Published: August 2018

AimPneumonia is a common disease that is often fatal, particularly in older persons. Dysphagia is known to be closely associated with aspiration pneumonia, and hospitalized patients with aspiration pneumonia often have difficulty with oral intake. However, the relationship between acquisition of oral intake and detailed swallowing data has not been explored. The purpose of the present study was to examine the predictors, including videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation, for achieving oral intake in older patients with aspiration pneumonia.MethodsThis study included older patients, aged ≥65 years, who were admitted to Kawasaki Municipal Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan) from April 2012 through March 2014 as a result of aspiration pneumonia. Factors likely related to oral intake, including swallowing, nutritional, metabolic, and functional status, pneumonia severity and comorbidities were extracted from the medical records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors for acquisition of oral intake.ResultsA total of 160 patients were assigned to either the “oral intake” group (n = 104) or the “non‐oral intake” group (n = 56). Multiple regression analysis showed that a low penetration aspiration scale on videofluoroscopy using 3 mL of moderately thick liquid water with tilting 30–60°, high albumin values, short duration of non‐oral intake and a high Food Intake Level Scale score before admission were significantly associated with achievement of oral intake.ConclusionsAspiration on videofluoroscopy, swallowing status before admission, nutritional status and duration of non‐oral intake are important factors for acquiring oral intake. These results might be helpful for the management of older patients with aspiration pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1469–1473.
Basal cell carcinoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery in young Ibero‐American patients
Authors: Aluma‐Tenorio María Soledad , Ávila‐Álvarez Alejandra , Jaimes Natalia , Caballero‐Uribe Natalia , González Abel , Terzian Luiz Roberto , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Zuluaga María Alejandra , Garza‐Rodríguez Verónica , Tamayo‐Betancur María Carolina , Cuesta‐ Castro Diana Paola , Garcés Joan Ramón , Ruiz‐Salas Verónica , Goldberg Leonard , Kimyai‐Asadi Arash 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in younger individuals has increased in recent decades. However, the characteristics of BCCs in this population, especially in Ibero‐Latin American countries, have not been completely defined.ObjectiveTo describe the demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of BCCs in patients younger than 40 treated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS).Materials and MethodsA multicenter, retrospective study conducted between January 2009 and December 2014, in five Ibero‐American countries, included biopsy‐proven BCCs in patients younger than 40 that were treated with MMS. Demographic, clinical, histopathological, and surgical characteristics were described.ResultsThe study included 301 tumors in 241 patients, of whom 61% were female. The most common Fitzpatrick phototype was III. The most common histological subtypes were nodular (37.5%) and infiltrative (18.9%). Perineural invasion was encountered in 1.7%, and tumor clearance was achieved in 87.4% within two stages of MMS.ConclusionsThis is the first Ibero‐Latin American transnational study describing the characteristics of BCCs in young patients treated with MMS. Despite darker skin phototypes in this population, BCCs can occur in early ages and may present with aggressive features. Therefore, MMS may be considered an appropriate first‐line treatment option in this population.
Monitoring of polypeptide content in the solid‐state fermentation process of rapeseed meal using NIRS and chemometrics
Authors: Xing Zheng , Hou Xiaoshan , Tang Yingxiu , He Ronghai , Mintah Benjamin K. , Dabbour Mokhtar , Ma Haile 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study combined Fourier transform‐near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics, to monitor changes in peptide content during the solid‐state fermentation of rapeseed meal. A NIR calibration model was established by performing spectral scanning on 81 samples and using interval partial least squares. The results showed that coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error of cross‐validation could achieve 0.9441 and 0.654 g/L for polypeptide content. Furthermore, the predicted and experimental values of the two parameters in an external validation set showed similar changes throughout the fermentation.Practical applicationsThe results show that near‐infrared spectroscopy is a promising method to monitor the chemical parameters of rapeseed meal during solid fermentation.
Characteristic features of neck skin aging in Chinese women
Authors: Xie Xiaoyuan , Wang Yaning , Zeng Qingting , Lv Ying , Hu Rong , Zhu Ke , Liu Chen , Lai Wei , Guan Lei 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIntroductionNeck skin aging is of particular interest to skin scientists and dermatologists because of the increasing demand for neck wrinkle improvement. This study aimed to determine the neck aging features of Chinese women and to investigate the clinical alterations and mechanical, topographical, and biophysical properties of neck skin.MethodsA total of 450 Chinese women (age range: 16‐66 years) were clinically examined and graded by the same dermatologist using standardized photographs. The skin properties were assessed by noninvasive skin measuring devices.ResultsThe results showed that different neck aging signs, including the horizontal neck fold, neck sagging, hollowing of emaciated neck, platysmal bands, and neck texture, appeared in different ages, and all of them worsened age‐dependently since they manifested. The skin elasticity markedly changed before the onset of most of the aging signs and showed a negative correlation with both age and the severity of these signs. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was positively correlated with age, whereas hydration and pH were not significantly correlated with age. We also found that wrinkles (SEw) and average roughness (Ra) were significantly correlated with age. SEw, smoothness, the average depth of roughness (Rz), TEWL, and erythema index were significantly and positively correlated with the severity of the horizontal neck fold, neck sagging, hollowing of emaciated neck, and platysmal bands.ConclusionThis is the first study to emphasize that age causes diverse changes in Chinese women's neck skin. The changes in skin elasticity may effectively predict neck aging before the onset of most of the neck aging signs.
Associations of fluoride intake with children's cortical bone mineral and strength measures at age 11
Authors: Levy Steven M. , Eichenberger‐Gilmore Julie M. , Warren John J. , Kavand Golnaz , Letuchy Elena , Broffitt Barbara , Marshall Teresa A. , Burns Trudy L. , Janz Kathy F. , Pauley Cynthia , Torner James C. , Phipps Kathy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesThere is strong affinity between fluoride and calcium, and mineralized tissues. Investigations of fluoride and bone health during childhood and adolescence show inconsistent results. This analysis assessed associations between period‐specific and cumulative fluoride intakes from birth to age 11, and age 11 cortical bone measures obtained using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the radius and tibia (n = 424).MethodsParticipants were a cohort recruited from eight Iowa hospitals at birth. Fluoride intakes from water, other beverages, selected foods, dietary supplements, and dentifrice were recorded every 1.5–6 months using detailed questionnaires. Correlations between bone measures (cortical bone mineral content, density, area, and strength) and fluoride intake were determined in bivariate and multivariable analyses adjusting for Tanner stage, weight and height.ResultsThe majority of associations were weak. For boys, only the positive associations between daily fluoride intakes for 0–3 years and radius and tibia bone mineral content were statistically significant. For girls, the negative correlations of recent daily fluoride intake per kg of body weight from 8.5 to 11 years with radius bone mineral content, area, and strength and tibia strength were statistically significant. No associations between cumulative daily fluoride intakes from birth to 11 years and bone measures were statistically significant.ConclusionsIn this cohort of 11‐year‐old children, mostly living in optimally fluoridated areas, life‐long fluoride intakes from combined sources were weakly associated with tibia and radius cortical pQCT measures.
Analysis of Emotions and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Depression
Authors: Tehranchi Ata , Neshatdoost Hamid Taher , Amiri Shole , Power Mick 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe current study was designed to examine the role of basic emotions and dysfunctional attitudes in depression. Moreover, six models related to the organization of emotions were examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Two hundred individuals with major depressive disorder were recruited from three clinical psychology centers. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires measuring basic emotions, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive. Results demonstrated that the dysfunctional attitude of “need for approval” and the basic emotions of disgust and sadness could predict depressive scores positively and significantly. It was also shown that the dysfunctional attitudes could positively and significantly predict the two negative emotions of disgust and sadness. Thus, the findings supported an analysis in which the two basic emotions of sadness and disgust were elevated in individuals with depressive disorders. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed basic emotions model and did not support alternative models, such as the positive affect and negative affect model.