bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment patterns and associated factors in 14 668 people with type 2 diabetes initiating a second‐line therapy: Results from the global DISCOVER study programme
Authors: Nicolucci Antonio , Charbonnel Bernard , Gomes Marília B. , Khunti Kamlesh , Kosiborod Mikhail , Shestakova Marina V. , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka , Chen Hungta , Cid‐Ruzafa Javier , Fenici Peter , Hammar Niklas , Surmont Filip , Tang Fengming , Pocock Stuart 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate treatment data from DISCOVER (NCT02322762 and NCT02226822), a global, prospective, observational study programme of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating a second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy.Materials and MethodsData were collected using a standardized case report form. First‐ and second‐line treatments were assessed in 14 668 patients from 37 countries across six regions. Among patients prescribed first‐line metformin monotherapy, Firth logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with second‐line treatment choices.ResultsThe most common first‐line therapies were metformin monotherapy (57.9%) and combinations of metformin with a sulphonylurea (14.6%). The most common second‐line therapies were combinations of metformin with other agents (72.2%), including dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors (25.1%) or sulphonylureas (21.3%). Among patients prescribed first‐line metformin monotherapy, the most common second‐line therapies were combinations of metformin with a DPP‐4 inhibitor [32.8%; across‐region range (ARR): 2.4%‐51.3%] or a sulphonylurea (30.0%; ARR: 18.3%‐63.6%); only a few patients received combinations of metformin with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (6.7%; ARR: 0.0%‐10.8%) or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (1.9%; ARR: 0.1%‐4.5%). Both clinical and non‐medical factors were associated with choice of second‐line therapy after metformin monotherapy.ConclusionsFewer patients than expected received metformin monotherapy at first line, and the use of newer therapies at second line was uncommon in some regions of the world. Patients' socioeconomic status was associated with treatment patterns, suggesting that therapy choices are influenced by cost and access.
Renal hyperfiltration defined by high estimated glomerular filtration rate: A risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Ertuglu Lale A. , Afsar Baris , Ozdogan Elif , Kucuksumer Zeynep S. , Ortiz Alberto , Covic Adrian , Kuwabara Masanari , Cherney David Z. I. , van Raalte Daniel H. , de Zeeuw Dick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRenal hyperfiltration, defined as an increased glomerular filtration rate above normal values, is associated with early phases of kidney disease in the setting of various conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Although it is recognized that glomerular hyperfiltration, that is, increased filtration per nephron unit (usually studied at low glomerular filtration levels and often referred to as single nephron hyperfiltration), is a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease, the implications of having renal hyperfiltration for cardiovascular disease and mortality risk are incompletely understood. Recent evidence from diverse populations, including healthy individuals and patients with diabetes or established cardiovascular disease, suggests that renal hyperfiltration is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality. In this review, we critically summarize the existing studies, discuss possible mechanisms, and describe the remaining gaps in our knowledge regarding the association of renal hyperfiltration with cardiovascular disease and mortality risk.
Treatment strategies for polycythemia vera: Observations in a Dutch “real‐world” cohort study
Authors: van de Ree‐Pellikaan Claire , de Kreuk Arne , Schaar Cees G. , Beeker Aart , Dompeling Ellen C. , Gerrits Cees J. H. , van Houten Anja A. , Schipperus Martin R. , Strobbe Leonie , Posthuma Eduardus F. M. , Klauke Karin , Westerweel Peter E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesAssessment of “real‐world” treatment strategies and outcome in Dutch polycythemia vera (PV) patients.MethodsRetrospective chart review in 150 patients with PV (WHO 2008 diagnostic criteria) from 10 major non‐academic hospitals in the Netherlands.ResultsPatients (median age 64 years, 49% male) frequently had cardiovascular risk factors (56%) and prior vascular events (31%). About 70% of patients were high‐risk, based on ELN criteria. However, the majority of patients were treated with phlebotomies alone (55%). Cytoreduction with hydroxyurea (HU) was received by 44% as part of their initial therapy, with or without phlebotomies. The time to achieve the 45% hematocrit target was shortest in patients treated with phlebotomies with or without HU (125 ± 99 and 197 ± 249 days, respectively) compared to patients treated with only HU (232 ± 216 days). Leukocyte and platelet levels were lower in HU‐treated patients, and ELN response targets were more often reached. During the median follow‐up period of 4.1 years, 14 patients (9%) suffered a thrombotic vascular event.ConclusionsIn Dutch clinical practice, there is major clinical variation in treatment strategies for PV. Phlebotomizing patients shorten the time to achieve hematocrit control, while HU better controls platelet and leukocyte levels. The thrombotic vascular event rate remains clinically significant.
Construct Equivalence of PISA Reading Comprehension Measured With Paper‐Based and Computer‐Based Assessments
Authors: Kroehne Ulf , Buerger Sarah , Hahnel Carolin , Goldhammer Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor many years, reading comprehension in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) was measured via paper‐based assessment (PBA). In the 2015 cycle, computer‐based assessment (CBA) was introduced, raising the question of whether central equivalence criteria required for a valid interpretation of the results are fulfilled. As an extension of the PISA 2012 main study in Germany, a random subsample of two intact PISA reading clusters, either computerized or paper‐based, was assessed using a random group design with an additional within‐subject variation. The results are in line with the hypothesis of construct equivalence. That is, the latent cross‐mode correlation of PISA reading comprehension was not significantly different from the expected correlation between the two clusters. Significant mode effects on item difficulties were observed for a small number of items only. Interindividual differences found in mode effects were negatively correlated with reading comprehension, but were not predicted by basic computer skills or gender. Further differences between modes were found with respect to the number of missing values.
Rapid improvement of muscle weakness post‐thymectomy indicates good long‐term neurological outcome in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis
Authors: Geng Y. , Dong J. , Zhou Q. 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeThis study was conducted to evaluate whether post‐thymectomy rapid remission of ocular myasthenia gravis (oMG) is a prognostic indicator of good long‐term neurological outcome.MethodsEighty‐four oMG patients who underwent thymectomy at our institute were enrolled. The incidence of 5‐year complete stable remission (CSR) was compared between patients with rapid remission of MG status (<1 month after surgery) and those with non‐rapid remission.ResultsKaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that the incidence of CSR was higher in oMG patients with rapid remission than in those without rapid remission (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that rapid remission (odds ratio 16.34, 95% confidence interval 3.58–74.60, P < 0.001) is an independent prognostic factor for CSR.ConclusionPostoperative rapid remission of MG status predicts a higher likelihood of complete remission in patients with oMG.
Preferential helping to relatives: A potential mechanism responsible for lower yield of crop variety mixtures?
Authors: Fréville Hélène , Roumet Pierre , Rode Nicolas Olivier , Rocher Aline , Latreille Muriel , Muller Marie‐Hélène , David Jacques 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVariety mixtures, the cultivation of different genotypes within a field, have been proposed as a way to increase within‐crop diversity, allowing the development of more sustainable agricultural systems with reduced environmental costs. Although mixtures have often been shown to over‐yield the average of component varieties in pure stands, decreased yields in mixtures have also been documented. Kin selection may explain such pattern, whenever plants direct helping behaviors preferentially toward relatives and thus experience stronger competition when grown with less related neighbors, lowering seed production of mixtures. Using varieties of durum wheat originating from traditional Moroccan agrosystems, we designed a greenhouse experiment to address whether plants reduced competition for light by limiting stem elongation when growing with kin and whether such phenotypic response resulted in higher yield of kin groups. Seeds were sown in groups of siblings and nonkin, each group containing a focal plant surrounded by four neighbors. At the group level, mean plant height and yield did not depend upon relatedness among competing plants. At the individual level, plant height was not affected by genetic relatedness to neighbors, after accounting for direct genetic effects that might induce among‐genotype differences in the ability to capture resources that do not depend on relatedness. Moreover, in contrast to our predictions, shorter plants had lower inclusive fitness. Phenotypic plasticity in height was very limited in response to neighbor genotypes. This suggests that human selection in crops may have attenuated shade‐avoidance responses to competition for light. Future research on preferential helping to relatives in crops might thus target social traits that drive competition for other resources than light. Overall, our study illustrates the relevance of tackling agricultural issues from an evolutionary standpoint and calls for extending such approaches to a larger set of crop species.
Student resistance in the classroom—Functional‐instrumentalist, critical‐emancipatory and critical‐functional conceptualisations
Authors: Winkler Ingo , Rybnikova Irma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe paper provides a systemic literature review and a typology of texts that discuss student resistance in the classroom in Higher Education. Analysing 134 empirical and conceptual studies published between 1988 and 2018 for how student resistance is conceptualised, this review identifies three approaches: functional‐instrumentalist, critical‐emancipatory and critical‐functional. Presenting the three approaches in more depth, the article points to the main tenets, like supposed reasons for and suggested ways of handling student resistance. In the final part of the analysis, the paper discusses the typology in light of the current institutional background of Higher Education, including the managerial university and ambivalences of critical education. Finally, the article offers future research directions.
Site occupancy and enhanced luminescence of broadband NIR gallogermanate phosphors by energy transfer
Authors: Gao Tongyu , Zhuang Weidong , Liu Ronghui , Liu Yuanhong , Yan Chunpei , Tian Junhang , Chen Guantong , Chen Xiaoxia , Zheng Yaling , Wang Ligen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuper broadband near‐infrared (NIR) La3Ga5GeO14(LGGO): Cr3+ phosphor is in urgent needs for food testing. Unfortunately, it suffers from poor luminescence intensity in applications. Herein, the enhanced NIR luminescence performance can be realized in LGGO: Pr3+, Cr3+. The preferential crystallographic site of Cr3+ is validated on the basis of EPR spectrum, Rietveld refinement, and the first‐principles DFT calculations. It is of great importance that the as‐prepared phosphors can be excited by blue light (460 nm), which is beneficial to the application of blue‐pumped LEDs. The critical distance of Pr3+ in LGGO host has been calculated by concentration‐quenching method. For co‐doped sample, it is observed that Cr3+ luminescence intensity enhancement by a factor of 3 can be achieved by doping Pr3+ owing to the energy transfer from Pr3+ to Cr3+. In addition, the introduction of Pr3+ can also improve the Cr3+ luminescence intensity at elevated temperature. Furthermore, using the optimized phosphor, a blue‐based NIR phosphor‐converted LEDs (NIR pc‐ LEDs) is fabricated, the forward voltage and the intensity of LED hardly change after thermal aging for 500 hours under high temperature/ high humidity condition, indicating its great reliability for NIR pc‐LEDs. Therefore, LGGO:Pr3+, Cr3+ has great potential to serve as an attractive candidate in the application of blue light‐excited NIR pc‐LEDs in view of its capability for blue to enhanced broadband NIR conversion.
Dead People and the All‐Affected Principle
Authors: Bengtson Andreas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiscussions of the all‐affected principle as a solution to the boundary problem – how do we specify the group making democratic decisions? – have focused extensively on future people. We have yet to focus on dead people, however. This article tries to bridge this gap by arguing that the all‐affected principle – i.e. the all actually affected interests principle – entails inclusion of dead people. This is true because dead people can be harmed or legally affected, and this is sufficient for having a claim to democratic inclusion. The last part of the article discusses where this leaves the all‐affected principle in the quest for the proper boundary principle, including a discussion of possible institutional solutions to the enfranchisement of dead people.
Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 by lnc000908 to promote the endothelial‐mesenchymal transition participation in cardiac remodelling
Authors: Chen Xingxing , Ge Wenhua , Hu Jie , Dong Tiancheng , Yao Hui , Chen Lingzhi , Geng Bin , Zhou Hao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of cardiac disease; however, the role of lncRNA in cardiac fibrosis remains partially understood. In this study, we identified a cardiac endothelial‐enriched lncRNA‐lnc000908, which was markedly up‐regulated in rats with cardiac fibrosis. In addition, the expression of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) was decreased in cardiac fibrosis. In vivo lnc000908 silencing by lentivirus increased the EP4 level, decreased endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and improved cardiac fibrosis and cardiac function. Consistently, the lnc000908 knockdown also up‐regulated EP4 and suppressed transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)‐induced EndMT in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. In contrast, the lnc000908 overexpression by lentivirus decreased the EP4 level and induced EndMT. Of note, these pro‐ or anti‐EndMT effects were reversed by the EP4 overexpression or the EP4 antagonist AH‐23848, respectively. This study demonstrates that lnc000908 is a novel regulator of cardiac fibrosis by modulating the EP4 expression and EndMT.
Storage of garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.): A review
Authors: Madhu Bogala , Mudgal Vishvambhar D. , Champawat Padam S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStorage of garlic for extended availability during lean season of bulbs of satisfactory quality is a multidimensional issue, which comprises various pre‐ and post‐harvest parameters. The main aims of storage bulb crops are to sustain the “quality capital” present at harvest and to fulfill consumer demand for extended accessibility of adequate quality of bulbs. Hence, increasing garlic yield and improving bulb quality are the specified characteristics for garlic farmers, sellers, and consumers. Proper pre‐ and post‐harvest management is essential to maintain the quality characteristics like the content of dry matter, pungency, total soluble solids, sugars, skin color, and integrity. Timely irrigation and appropriate fertilization are important preharvest parameters whereas proper curing and storage parameters viz., temperature, relative humidity, ventilation, packaging material, and processing treatments are postharvest factors. In this article, a review has been made to describe the conventional and improved structures for storage and the influence of storage practices on quality parameters of garlic bulbs, so as to reduce the postharvest losses through proper storage methods and further valorize garlic bulbs.Practical ApplicationsThe storage losses of the garlic are very high due to the lack of proper storage structures. The physiological weight losses and losses due to diseases are the main storage losses in garlic. The postharvest losses during storage are up to 40% under ambient conditions causing the increase of the market price at a microlevel and decrease availability at the macrolevel. Thus, the promotion and encouragement for eco‐friendly effective storage technologies to overcome these storage losses is aimed to accomplish the need of the ever‐growing population.
Trajectories of poverty and economic hardship among American families supporting a child with a neurodisability
Authors: Rothwell D. W. , Gariépy G. , Elgar F. J. , Lach L. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCaring for a child with a neurodisability (ND) impacts the financial decisions, relationships and well‐being of family members, but evidence on the economic trajectories of families throughout the life course is missing.MethodsUsing data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we tracked the families of 3317 children starting 5 years before childbirth until the child reached 20 years of age. We used regression and latent growth curve modelling to estimate trajectories of poverty and economic hardship over time.ResultsFamilies with a child with an ND had higher rates of poverty and economic hardship prior to childbirth and persistently over time. Analysis uncovered five latent trajectories for each indicator. After controlling for family and caregiver characteristics that preceded the birth of the child, raising a child with an ND was not associated with a unique trajectory of poverty. Families raising a child with an ND were however more likely to experience persistent economic hardship.ConclusionsThe study establishes descriptive evidence for how having a child with an ND relates to changes in family economic conditions. The social and economic conditions that precede the child's birth seem to be driving the economic inequalities observed later throughout the life course.
Words Speak Louder without Actions
Authors: LEVIT DORON 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTInformation and control rights are central aspects of leadership, management, and corporate governance. This paper studies a principal‐agent model that features both communication and intervention as alternative means to exert influence. The main result shows that a principal's power to intervene in an agent's decision limits the ability of the principal to effectively communicate her private information. The perverse effect of intervention on communication can harm the principal, especially when the cost of intervention is low or the underlying agency problem is severe. These novel results are applied to managerial leadership, corporate boards, private equity, and shareholder activism.
Informal caregivers of people undergoing haemodialysis: Associations between activities and burden
Authors: Hoang Van Lan , Green Theresa , Bonner Ann 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundRecent studies indicate that informal caregivers provide support to family members who are undergoing haemodialysis although the amount and type of activities provided and the burden of this is not well‐known.ObjectivesTo analyse the burden and support activities of informal caregivers caring for adults receiving haemodialysis.MethodsA cross‐sectional study recruited 178 adult informal caregivers (family members or close friends) of patients who had been undergoing haemodialysis for more than three months. Caregiver burden was measured by the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS). Difficulty and time‐spent on caring tasks were assessed using the Oberst Caregiver Burden Scale (OCBS). Demographic characteristics were also collected.ResultsMost informal caregivers were female (55.6%) between 30 and 60 years of age (66%) and were a spouse of the person receiving haemodialysis. Overall, informal caregivers reported a high level of burden in caring (M = 40.15, standard deviation [SD] = 10.46) with 80.9% identifying the level as severe. However, the caring activities were perceived as slightly difficult (M = 24.5, SD = 8.81) and not requiring much time (M = 29.47, SD = 8.75). Predictors of greater informal caregiver burden were having their own health problems, greater time required to provide care, and doing more difficult tasks (R2 = 0.43, p < 0.01).ConclusionWhile the caregiving activities were not reported to take much time, there was a high level of burden on informal caregivers. Renal nurses are ideally placed to assess for caregiver burden and to provide education and support to them.
Validation of a real‐time bladder sensation meter during oral hydration in healthy adults: Repeatability and effects of fill rate and ultrasound probe pressure
Authors: Sheen Derek , Kolli Hiren , Nagle Anna S. , Cullingsworth Zachary , Vinod Naomi N. , Naimi Hameeda A. , De Wachter Stefan G. , Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Stothers Lynn , Speich John E. , Klausner Adam P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesA non‐invasive protocol was previously developed using three‐dimensional ultrasound and a sensation meter to characterize real‐time bladder sensation. This study the protocol by measuring the effects of fill rateand ultrasound probe pressure during oral hydration.MethodsHealthy volunteers with no urinary symptoms (based on International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on Overactive Bladder surveys) were recruited into an oral hydration study. Throughout two complete fill–void cycles, participants drank 2 L Gatorade G2 (The Gatorade Company, Inc., Chicago, Illinois) and used a touch‐screen sensation meter to record real‐time bladder sensation (0%‐100%). The study was repeated three times, once per week (Visits A, B, and C). In Visits A and B, ultrasound was used to measure bladder volume every 5 minutes. Ultrasound was not used in Visit C except at 100% capacity. Volume data from Visit B were used to estimate volumes throughout the fills in Visit C. Sensation–capacity curves were generated for each fill for comparative analysis.ResultsTen participants completed three visits (60 total fills). Increased fill rate led to decreased sensation throughout filling, andultrasound probe pressure led to increased sensation. Participants reported higher sensation at low volumes during Fill 1 of Visit A before training with the sensation meter. Sensation curves with intermittent ultrasound showed repeatability for Fill 2 in Visits A and B. Fill rate and ultrasound probe pressure affect real‐time bladder sensation during oral hydration.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated repeatability of real‐time bladder sensation during a two‐fill oral hydration protocol with ultrasound.