bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADSORPSI AIR DARI CAMPURAN UAP ETANOL-AIR DENGAN ZEOLIT SINTETIS 4A DALAM PACKED BED DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI FUEL GRADE ETHANOL
Authors: Handrian Handrian , Sediawan Wahyudi Budi , Mindaryani Aswati 
Published: August 2018

Ethanol can be used as fuel if it has a purity of 99.5%, while ethanol distillation will stop at its azeotrop point, ie at 95.6%. Adsorption of molecular sieve is one of the methods to obtain ethanol with level above the azeotropic point. Adsorbent that serves as molecular sieve is synthetic zeolite 4A. The adsorbent has a pore diameter of 3.9 Ǻ, then water and ethanol each has a molecular diameter of 2.75 Ǻ and 4.4 Ǻ. Hence the adsorbent is selective against the ethanol-water mixture. The purpose of this research is to obtain ethanol above its azeotropic point and to study the relationship between the influence of flow rate (Vz) and temperature (T) to changes in the number of mass transfer coefficient (kc), radial diffusivity (Der) and henry constants (H') which can be used as parameters in the design of adsorption tools on a commercial scale.This experiment was conducting by weighing zeolite 4A as much as 100 grams, then compiled and measured the height on packed bed column adsorbent. The heating regulator is switched on and set to a constant temperature of 80, 85, 90, 95 and 1000C. Ethanol 95.61% with 250 ml volume is put into three-neck flask, then heat to evaporate. Turn on the cooling back and adjust the amount of formed vapor rate by adjusting the faucet opening and the degree of voltage in the heating mantle. The magnitude of the vapor flow rate is set at 2, 4 and 6 liters / minute. The products is accomodated and samples were taken every minute to analyze the ethanol content.This adsorption process gives the highest yield of ethanol with 99.40% content. The steam flow rate of 2 lpm and the temperature of 800C is the optimum combination in this research because much of the water vapor adsorbed on the 4A zeolite grain is 7.93 grams. The numerical calculation provides the result that the value of Der in this experiment is 1.59.10-3 cm2 / men, and the relation of kc are the function of reynolds and H' the function of temperature are as follows: kc = 7,95.10^-3.(Re)^0,1639 and H' = 4,47.10^-3.exp(2565,26/T)
Karakteristik Bio-Briket Berbahan Baku Batu Bara dan Batang/Ampas Tebu terhadap Kualitas dan Laju Pembakaran
Authors: Nurhalim Nurhalim , Cahyono Rochim Bakti , Hidayat Muslikhin 
Published: August 2018

Indonesia memiliki sumber energi fosil yang sangat besar seperti batu bara. Hampir seluruh pembangkit listrik dan industri di Indonesia menggunakan menggunakan batu bara sebagai bahan bakar. Batu bara memiliki limbah berupa fly ash, bottom ash, gas beracun dan sisa batu bara yang tidak terpakai. Limbah batu bara tidak terpakai banyak terdapat di pertambangan yang masih beroperasi, sisa lahan pertambangan, laboratorium, dan pembangkit listrik, sehingga perlu penanganan yang tepat seperti pembuatan briket bio-batu bara. Pada pembuatan briket bio-batu bara ini, batu bara diproses menggunakan metode pirolisis dan tanpa pirolisis dengan skala laboratorium. Proses pirolisis menggunakan suhu 400 oC selama 2 jam. Berat sampel briket sebesar 99,87 g dibakar pada suhu pembakaran 400 oC dengan menggunakan udara ruang didalam furnace. Sebelum proses pembriketan, batu bara yang telah mengalami proses pirolisis dan tanpa pirolisis dicampur dengan limbah biomassa ampas dan batang tebu. Variabel penelitian menggunakan 50 g limbah batu bara, 30 g biomassa batang tebu dan 10 g ampas tebu. Briket bio-batu bara menggunakan perekat tepung kanji dan tanah liat dengan berat masing–masing 5 g. Sedangkan untuk tingkat kelembutan setiap bahan briket adalah 50 mesh dengan kuat tekan 50 kg/cm2. Hasil analisis proksimat briket bio-batu bara PP (50 g) mengandung kadar air sebesar 4,17%, zat terbang 18,39%, kadar abu 25,56%, nilai kalori sebesar 5157,87 kal/g. Briket bio-batu bara dengan pirolisis (50 g) mengalami penurunan massa sebanyak 30 g selama 30 menit, laju pembakaran mencapai kecepatan maksimum 1,93 g/s dan asap hilang pada menit ke-24. Batu bara dengan proses pirolisis dapat menurunkan asap dan penambahan biomassa dapat menaikkan nilai kalori briket bio-batu bara. Kata kunci: batu bara, batang tebu sisa pembakaran, ampas tebu
Regional Challenges in Implementation of European Convention on Human Rights: Lithuanian Perspective
Authors: Žalimas Dainius 
Published: August 2018

The European region encompasses countries with a different historical past, consequently, entailing a variety of political, legal, and cultural traditions. Despite the general commitment to the same principles, human rights and fundamental freedoms under the European Convention on Human Rights, the actual situation is marked by disputes and different approaches towards the assumed obligations occurring on both the political and constitutional level. The article addresses two main types of challenges concerning the implementation of the Convention on the level covering both the inter partes and erga omnes effects of the judgments adopted in Strasbourg. The first is the rise of political populism that is usually directed against the European standards of human rights. The second is the insufficient observance of the principle of subsidiarity by the European Court of Human Rights in some cases sensitive to the core elements of national identity of certain states, in particular those from the Central Europe. The lack of understanding of particularities of those states who share the legacy of double totalitarianism can reduce the legitimacy of the ECtHR judgments within those societies and, by the same token, strengthen the anti-European populist ideas. The article deals with the issue how constitutional courts can respond to those challenges and contribute to the implementation of the ECtHR judgments. It provides the example of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court in deciding the landmark cases relevant to the Convention law. From that example one can see that openness and determination to follow the European standards, even though the Constitution provides for its superiority over the Convention law, are the best means to harmonise two legal orders from the national perspective. The article also argues that the application of the European consensus criterion by the ECtHR should be based on a clear methodology and the subsidiary nature of the Convention mechanism should be retained. The proper respect to national, in particular constitutional, jurisdiction without compromising the Convention values is also required in increasing the legitimacy and implementation of the ECtHR judgments.
Ownership Acquired in Good Faith
Authors: Rozenfelds Jānis 
Published: August 2018

Acquisition of property in good faith is recognized by Latvian law through numerous exceptions from the principle of causation. The law does not provide a clear-cut regulation. Case law has experienced several stages where the same law is applied differently in similar situations, and this has made the outcome of court rulings unpredictable. Attempts to solve the problem by amending existing law so far have been unsuccessful.
Excerpts from History of the Chair of Ecclesiastic Law at Dorpat (Yuriev) University in Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Dorskaia Aleksandra А. 
Published: August 2018

The article defines the modalities of ecclesiastic law studies, the course that was introduced in 1835 at legal departments of Russian universities, including that of the University of Dorpat (Yuriev). The example of the Chair of Ecclesiastic Law showcases the special status of the University of Dorpat (Yuriev), which was not subject to university charters of 1804, 1835, 1863 and 1884. The major tracks of religious policy in the Baltic region and the real religious landscape that had an impact on education are studied in the context of the work of M. E. Krasnozhen, a professor at the Chair of Ecclesiastic Law.
Samesame but different? Consumer Sales Contracts and Burden of Proof Regarding the Damage in EU Member States
Authors: Schewe Christoph 
Published: August 2018

The EU internal market brings companies the possibility to offer goods and services on a market of 28 member states without facing considerable additional costs. Correspondingly, consumers benefit from enhanced competition, which leads to a broader variety of goods, higher quality and lower prices. Against this backdrop, it was also necessary to adjust or harmonize the legal regimes regarding the obligations of producers/companies and the rights of consumers, to avoid different standards in different places in the internal market. One of the instruments aiming at the harmonization of consumer rights was the Consumer Rights Directive 1999/44/EC. However, directives frequently bring along the question, whether the application in 28 member states succeeds to achieve the same standards regarding the aims and legal content of the directive. In 2015, this aspect became subject of a dispute in the Netherlands, making it necessary to request clarification by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) regarding the reach of Art. 5(3) of Directive 1999/44/EC and thus implicitly comment on the application of this provision in the EU member states. The decision regards a provision shifting the burden of proof in favour of the consumer. The article presents this CJEU-decision and, with a view to a relevant recent decision of the German Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) compares the current legal situations in Germany and Latvia.
Requirements to be Set for Voters’ Legislative Initiatives in the Republic of Latvia: Legal Regulation, Practice, and Recent Findings of Judicature
Authors: Kārkliņa Annija 
Published: August 2018

The article is dedicated to legal regulation of the practice of voters’ legislative initiative in Latvia. The article examines changes to the regulation on this right of a totality of citizens and implementation thereof after 2010, when significant amendments were introduced to “Law on National Referendums, Initiation of Laws and European Citizens’ Initiative”. The article will provide an analysis of the practice of the Central Election Commission in deciding on registration of draft laws and draft amendments to the Satversme, submitted by voters. Since both the Satversme and the law provides that a draft law submitted by voters must be fully elaborated, the article examines criteria of assessment leading to the answer, whether the draft law should be recognised as being fully elaborated in its content and form. A special procedure has been established for appealing against decisions by the Central Election Commission, envisaging appeal against these decisions to the Supreme Court, therefore also the findings by the Supreme Court with respect to procedure for exercising the voters’ right to legislative initiative will be analysed. Some aspects in the regulation on voters’ legislative initiatives have been controversial, therefore the Supreme Court and members of the Saeima have submitted applications to the Constitutional Court, request examination of compatibility of regulation established in law with the Satversme, therefore the article will provide also an insight into the judicature of the Constitutional Court on issues of voters’ legislative initiatives.
Multilevel Shared Management for Policy Design and Problem Solving. Case of an Idle Group – Released from Estonian Prisons
Authors: Stewart Tuuli , Leps Ando 
Published: August 2018

The focus of the paper is on the application of the subordinates involving governance (SIG) model and its design in a certain context through problem identification method. The proposed social involvement model is combining shared governance with independent actors and traditionally subjected (subordinate) parties as counterparts. As an example of the policy design mechanics, the case of socialization of returners from prison is chosen to build a model: an opportunity and preparedness in finding legal engagement for the (re)entry into society are the key components that may tackle high recidivism rate in the region. Seemingly, the current system already has a shared governance model in use, government working with NGOs and with the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund. This cooperation however has resulted with no substantial results from the perspective of rehabilitation and (re)socialization – Estonia remains one of the high incarceration and recidivism areas in Europe. The paper argues that current target in data collection (knowledge formation) and in preparation for (re)integration is set following institutional interests instead of systemic logic with a focus on results. The search for better solutions must therefore continue.
Severe Autoimmune LMWH-Induced Thrombocytopenia Presenting with Aortic Thromboses, Adrenal Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Embolism: Response to High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Nero Joshua , Araneta Patricia , Warkentin Theodore E , Moodley Otto 
Published: August 2018

The occurrence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in the setting of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) exposure is uncommon, with incidence reported at around 0.2%. Delayed-onset (autoimmune) HIT in the setting of LMWH use is rarer, with only two other case reports in the literature.
An 83-year old man was admitted to hospital for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, receiving low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH, tinzaparin) while in hospital for prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis (DVT). One day after discharge, he presented to the emergency department with acute chest pain and dyspnea. Computed tomography revealed bilateral pulmonary embolism, multiple abdominal aortic thromboses, and unilateral adrenal hemorrhage, and he was given a bolus of intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the emergency department. His platelet count (prior to UFH bolus) was found to be markedly reduced (39 × 109/L) from normal values two days prior. We suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) to have caused the thrombocytopenia and thromboses (arterial and venous), and thus anticoagulation therapy was changed from heparin to argatroban. His HIT assay was strongly positive, including features of autoimmune reactivity (serum-induced platelet activation in the absence of heparin). HIT developing after exposure to tinzaparin is relatively rare, and use of a scoring system helped to facilitate an early diagnosis. Additionally, this case demonstrates heparin-independent platelet activation, a marker for autoimmune HIT (aHIT).
The patient's serum tested strongly positive for IgG-specific anti-PF4/heparin EIA and serotonin release assay. The presence of these antibodies would also explain the further decline in his platelet count to 10 x 109/L after he received a bolus dose of heparin at the beginning of his second hospitalization. This case highlights the third reported case of delayed-onset HIT in the setting of LMWH, and the rapid response to high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin.
Cytomegalovirus Primary Infection in an Immunocompetent Female with Mononucleosis Features: A Review of Mononucleosis-Like Syndromes
Authors: Sarma Shohinee , Little Derek Henry Wallace , Ali Tooba , Jones Emily , Haider Shariq 
Published: August 2018

Background
The clinical triad of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy was first described in 1889 as “glandular fever” and later defined as infectious mononucleosis. We present a case report and review of mononucleosis-like syndromes in an immunocompetent patient. The review of common etiologies includes Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Toxoplasmosis gondii.
Case Vignette
A 37-year- old, immunocompetent female presented with a three-week history of fever, pharyngitis, fatigue, night sweats, and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly, but no lymphadenopathy, rashes, or tender joints. Investigations showed lymphocytosis and a normal peripheral smear. A Hematology consultation excluded hematologic malignancy. Her CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.2 in keeping with a viral infection, but EBV monospot test was negative. Serology for hepatitis B and C were negative. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was not done in the absence of risk factors. Quantitative PCR for CMV was positive with a value of 965.25 units/mL. The patient was diagnosed with CMV viremia and treated with a two-week course of valganciclovir with resolution of symptoms. A two-month follow-up revealed a normal complete blood count and resolving hepatosplenomegaly.
Conclusions
In immunocompetent patients presenting with symptoms of mononucleosis, the differential diagnosis should include EBV, CMV, HHV-6, acute HIV and Toxoplasmosis gondii. CMV commonly affects young patients and is less associated with tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. HHV-6 can present with headaches, encephalitis, and abdominal pain. Consideration of acute HIV mononucleosis should prompt early serologic testing. Toxoplasmosis is often associated with undercooked food or cat excrement, requiring anti-IgM antibody testing to distinguish from EBV. Although EBV infectious mononucleosis may be suspected, the general practitioner should consider a complete review of other infectious etiologies.
Efficacy of application of an alcohol-based antiseptic hand rub or a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate scrub for immediate reduction of the bacterial population on the skin of dogs
Authors: Maxwell Elizabeth A. , Bennett R. Avery , Mitchell Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of application of an alcohol-based antiseptic (80% ethyl alcohol) hand rub (ABAHR) with that of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate scrub (CGS2) for immediate reduction of the bacterial population on the skin of dogs.
ANIMALS 50 client-owned dogs with no evidence of skin disease.
PROCEDURES On each dog, 2 areas of hair on the ventral aspect of the abdomen were clipped with a No. 40 blade and cleared of debris. A direct contact plate holding tryptic soy agar with polysorbate 80 and lecithin was gently pressed (for 2 seconds) on each skin site (preapplication sample). The CGS2 and ABAHR were each aseptically applied to 1 skin site on each dog. A direct contact plate was subsequently applied to each site in a similar manner (postapplication sample). All plates were cultured, and bacterial isolates were identified and quantified by the number of CFUs per plate.
RESULTS Application of the CGS2 and ABAHR significantly decreased skin bacterial colony counts, compared with findings for preapplication samples. The number of CFUs per plate or postapplication percentage reduction in CFUs per plate did not differ between treatments. There were no adverse skin reactions associated with either application.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that applications of ABAHR and CGS2 were equally effective at immediately reducing the bacterial population on the skin of dogs, and there was no significant difference in percentage reduction in colony counts between the 2 applications.
Effects of the peripherally acting α2-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 on cardiopulmonary function in sheep sedated by intramuscular administration of medetomidine and ketamine and reversed by intramuscular administration of atipamezole
Authors: Adam Magdy , Raekallio Marja R. , Salla Kati M. , Honkavaara Juhana M. , Männikkö Sofia , Scheinin Mika , Kajula Marena , Mölsä Sari H. , Vainio Outi M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of the peripherally acting α2-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 on cardiopulmonary function in sheep sedated with medetomidine and ketamine.
ANIMALS 9 healthy adult female sheep.
PROCEDURES Each animal received an IM injection of a combination of medetomidine (30 μg/kg) and ketamine (1 mg/kg; Med-Ket) alone and Med-Ket and 3 doses of MK-467 (150, 300, and 600 μg/kg) in a randomized blinded 4-way crossover study. Atipamezole (150 μg/kg, IM) was administered 60 minutes later to reverse sedation. Cardiopulmonary variables and sedation scores were recorded, and drug concentrations in plasma were analyzed. Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures ANCOVA and 1-way ANOVA. Reference limits for the equivalence of sedation scores were set at 0.8 and 1.25.
RESULTS Heart rate, cardiac output, and Pao2 decreased and mean arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, and systemic vascular resistance increased after Med-Ket alone. Administration of MK-467 significantly alleviated these effects, except for the decrease in cardiac output. After sedation was reversed with atipamezole, no significant differences were detected in cardiopulmonary variables among the treatments. Administration of MK-467 did not significantly alter plasma concentrations of medetomidine, ketamine, norketamine, or atipamezole. Sedation as determined on the basis of overall sedation scores was similar among treatments.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Concurrent administration of MK-467 alleviated cardiopulmonary effects in sheep sedated with Med-Ket without affecting sedation or reversal with atipamezole.
Effects of prostaglandin-mediated and cholinergic-mediated miosis on morphology of the ciliary cleft region in dogs
Authors: Park Sangwan , Kang Seonmi , Lim Jaegook , Park Eunjin , Nam Taekjin , Jeong Seowoo , Seo Kangmoon 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare morphology of the ciliary cleft (CC) region in dogs after topical administration of latanoprost, pilocarpine, or a combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine.
ANIMALS 6 Beagles.
PROCEDURES A prospective 4-phase crossover study with washout periods was performed. Latanoprost (phase L), pilocarpine (phase P), pilocarpine followed by latanoprost (phase PL), and latanoprost followed by pilocarpine (phase LP) were administered to the right eye. Artificial tears were administered to the left eye (control eye). For each phase, pupil diameter and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured and ultrasonographic biomicroscopy was performed 2 hours after topical treatment. Angle opening distance (AOD), ciliary cleft width (CCW), ciliary cleft length (CCL), and ciliary cleft area (CCA) were evaluated.
RESULTS All treated eyes had marked miosis without significant differences in pupil diameter among phases. Significant IOP reductions were detected for all phases, except phase P. The AOD and CCA were significantly increased in all phases for treated eyes, compared with results for control eyes. The CCW was significantly increased in phases P, PL, and LP; CCL was significantly increased in phases PL and LP. Comparison of treated eyes among phases revealed that CCW differed significantly between phases L and P and between phases L and PL.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prostaglandin-mediated and cholinergic-mediated miosis caused variations in CC configurations. When latanoprost and pilocarpine were used in combination, the first drug administered determined the cleft morphology, which was not fully reversed by the second drug. The CC morphology did not fully explain IOP reductions.