bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Age at Cochlear Implantation on Vocabulary and Grammar: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Duchesne Louise , Marschark Marc 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The increasing prevalence of pediatric cochlear implantation over the past 25 years has left little doubt that resulting improvements in hearing offer significant benefits to language development for many deaf children. Furthermore, given the documented importance of access to language from birth, there has been strong support for providing congenitally deaf children with implants as early as possible. Earliest implantation, in many ways, has become the “gold standard” in pediatric cochlear implantation, on the assumption that it is the key to language development similar to that of hearing children. Empirical evidence to support this assumption, however, appears more equivocal than generally is believed. This article reviews recent research aimed at assessing the impact of age at implantation on vocabulary and grammatical development among young implant users.

Method
Articles published between 2003 and 2018 that included age at implantation as a variable of interest and in which it was subjected to statistical analysis were considered. Effect sizes were calculated whenever possible; we conducted a multivariate meta-analysis to compare outcomes in different language domains.

Results
Taken together, findings from 49 studies suggest that age at implantation is just one of a host of variables that influence vocabulary and grammatical development, its impact varying with several factors including whether age at implantation is treated as a dichotomous or continuous variable. Results from a meta-analysis showed significant differences across language domains.

Conclusion
The pattern of results obtained indicates the importance of considering various child, family, and environmental characteristics in future research aimed at determining how early “early implantation” needs to be and the extent to which age at implantation, duration of implant use, and other factors influence language and language-related outcomes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9789041
Praktisches Vorgehen bei Erstdiagnose einer Leberzirrhose
Authors: Bettinger Dominik , Thimme Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiver cirrhosis is a major healthcare problem and is associated with an increased mortality due to the development of complications. Therefore, after diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, it is highly clinically relevant to evaluate the reason for liver cirrhosis and to assess the presence of complications in order to prevent progression of liver cirrhosis.
Mediastinale Lymphadenopathie – Tuberkulose oder Tularämie?
Authors: Geerdes-Fenge Hilte F. , Löbermann Micha , Warnke Philipp , Zimpfer Annette , Reisinger Emil C. 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 67-jähriger Patient entwickelte akute Kopfschmerzen, nach 2 Tagen zusätzlich Schüttelfrost und Fieber. Ein Infektfokus konnte nicht gefunden werden, periphere Lymphknoten waren nicht palpabel.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Nach 2 Wochen wurden in einer 18F-FDG-PET-Computertomografie multiple mediastinale, supraklavikuläre und axilläre Lymphknotenschwellungen gesehen. Histologisch zeigten sich epitheloidzellige Granulome mit zentraler Nekrose. Tuberkulose wurde immunologisch und mikrobiologisch ausgeschlossen. Serologisch wurde eine akute Tularämie diagnostiziert.
Therapie und Verlauf Unter der Therapie mit Ciprofloxacin für 20 Tage kam es zum Abklingen der Kopfschmerzen und Normalisierung der Entzündungsparameter.
Folgerung Infektionsquelle war das Einatmen erregerhaltigen Staubs beim Herausreißen einer Efeuhecke 2 Tage vor Symptombeginn. Die Tularämie (Hasenpest) ist eine Zoonose, die direkt von infizierten Tieren oder indirekt über Zecken und Mücken, inhalativ durch Einatmen von kontaminiertem Staub oder durch Ingestion von kontaminiertem Wasser übertragen werden kann. Beim histologischen Nachweis epitheloidzelliger Granulome mit Nekrosen ist die Tularämie eine seltene Differenzialdiagnose.
Körperliches Training zur Frakturprophylaxe des älteren
Menschen
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , Kohl Matthias , Engelke Klaus , von Stengel Simon 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungKörperliches Training kann alle Größen des Frakturrisikos positiv beeinflussen,
ein direkter Nachweis des frakturreduktiven Potentials fehlt indes. Ziel dieser
Übersicht ist es, den frakturpräventiven Effekt körperlichen Trainings zu
belegen und die trainings-wissenschaftlich/organisatorische Vorgehensweise am
Beispiel der Erlanger Fitness- und Osteoporose Präventions-Studie zu
diskutieren.137 früh-postmenopausale Frauen mit Osteopenie verteilten sich 1998 auf die
Trainings- (TG) und die Kontrollgruppe (KG) der Studie. Primärer Endpunkt war
die Häufigkeit niedrig-traumatischer klinischer Frakturen.Nach 16-jähriger Studiendauer wurden 105 Teilnehmerinnen mit 1680
Teilnehmerjahren in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Die Frakturrate
niedrig-traumatischer Frakturen (0,42; 95 % CI: 0,20–0,86) sowie
osteoporotischer Hauptfrakturen (0,37; 0,14–0,88) lagen in der TG signifikant
niedriger als in der KG. Die Knochendichte an Lendenwirbelsäule (TG: –1,5 ± 5,0
% vs. KG: –5,8 ± 6,4 %) und Schenkelhals (TG: –6,5 ± 4,6 % vs. KG: –9,6 ± 5,0 %)
nahm in beiden Gruppen z.T. signifikant ab, die Reduktion in der KG war jedoch
für beide Regionen signifikant (p ≤ .001) deutlicher. Im Rahmen der EFOPS
durchgeführte Substudien zu trainingswissenschaftlichen Aspekten zeigten
weiterhin, dass (1) ein schnellkräftig durchgeführtes (Kraft-)Training
signifikant günstigere Effekte auf die Knochendichte ausübt als ein mit
moderater oder langsamer Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit durchgeführtes Training. (2)
Eine Trainingsperiodisierung im Vergleich zur simplen Progression der Belastung
günstigere Effekte auf Muskelkraft, Knochendichte und Teilnehmer-Compliance hat
und (3) dass eine Trainingsfrequenz von weniger als zwei
Trainingseinheiten/Woche auch bei hoher Reizintensität und -rate keinerlei
positive Effekte auf die Knochendichte auslöst.Das unter besonderer Berücksichtigung physiologischer und
trainingswissenschaftlicher Prinzipien sowie Vorgaben des ambulanten
Rehabilitationssports durchgeführte Projekt belegt den klinisch hochrelevanten,
frakturpräventiven Effekt eines körperlichen Trainings bei früh-postmenopausalen
Frauen.
Introducing Information Extraction to Radiology Information Systems to Improve the Efficiency on Reading Reports
Authors: Xie Zhe , Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Mingqing , Li Ming , Huang Haozhe , Zheng Dezhong , Shu Rong , Ling Tonghui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Radiology reports are a permanent record of patient's health information often used in clinical practice and research. Reading radiology reports is common for clinicians and radiologists. However, it is laborious and time-consuming when the amount of reports to be read is large. Assisting clinicians to locate and assimilate the key information of reports is of great significance for improving the efficiency of reading reports. There are few studies on information extraction from Chinese medical texts and its application in radiology information systems (RIS) for efficiency improvement.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore methods for extracting, grouping, ranking, delivering, and displaying medical-named entities in radiology reports which can yield efficiency improvement in RISs.
Methods A total of 5,000 reports were obtained from two medical institutions for this study. We proposed a neural network model called Multi-Embedding-BGRU-CRF (bidirectional gated recurrent unit-conditional random field) for medical-named entity recognition and rule-based methods for entity grouping and ranking. Furthermore, a methodology for delivering and displaying entities in RISs was presented.
Results The proposed neural named entity recognition model has achieved a good F1 score of 95.88%. Entity ranking achieved a very high accuracy of 99.23%. The weakness of the system is the entity grouping approach which yield accuracy of 91.03%. The effectiveness of the overall solution was proved by an evaluation task performed by two clinicians based on the setup of actual clinical practice.
Conclusions The neural model shows great potential in extracting medical-named entities from radiology reports, especially for languages, that lack lexicons and natural language processing tools. The pipeline of extracting, grouping, ranking, delivering, and displaying medical-named entities could be a feasible solution to enhance RIS functionality by information extraction. The integration of information extraction and RIS has been demonstrated to be effective in improving the efficiency of reading radiology reports.
Pedicle Corridors and Vessel Options for Free Flap Reconstruction following Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dang Rajan P. , Roland Lauren T. , Sharon Jeffrey D. , Doering Michelle , Chicoine Michael R. , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: September 2019

Introduction Microvascular free flaps offer an alternative to local and regional flaps for coverage of complex or large skull base defects. Routes and approaches to these reconstructive options are complicated and require an understanding of complex head and neck anatomy.
Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed using a set of search terms with the help of a qualified librarian. Articles were reviewed and selected for inclusion based on relevance. We were interested in reporting possible routes for free flap accessibility to the skull base as well as microvascular vessel options, as this choice may affect the geometry and accessibility to the defect.
Results A total of 1,917 articles were obtained from a comprehensive search and 11 articles were ultimately found to be relevant to this review. Published options for vessel anastomosis and corridors to the skull base following endoscopic endonasal surgery are reviewed, including Caldwell-Luc/transbuccal space, prevertebral space, transpterygoid/parapharyngeal, and transmaxillary approaches.
Conclusion The field of endoscopic surgery has continued to advance and provide options for tumors of the skull base. This has led to a need for creative routes to the skull base for free flap reconstruction.
Compartmentalization: An Open Technique for Frontal Sinus Repair and Preservation—Description of Technique and Early Case Series
Authors: Miller Christopher , Weisbrod Luke , Beahm David , Chamoun Roukoz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Cranialization or obliteration is widely accepted intervention for traumatic or intentional breach of the frontal sinus. These techniques, however, result in the loss of frontal sinus function and have a persistent risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and mucocele. Compartmentalization is an open technique for repair of the frontal sinus using allograft onlay and a vascularized periosteal flap that allows for preservation of frontal sinus function.
Objective The main objective of this article is to describe the technique for compartmentalization of the frontal sinus and demonstrate its efficacy and complication rate with an early patient series.
Methods Our technique includes the following key components: harvesting of a pedicled periosteal flap, frontal sinus repair through a bifrontal craniotomy with minimal mucosa removal, ensuring the patency of the nasal frontal outflow tract, and separation of the brain from the frontal sinus with a dual layer of periosteum and allograft.All cases of frontal sinus repair using the compartmentalization technique at our institution were reviewed. Charts were reviewed for CSF leak, mucocele, and other complications.
Results Twenty-three patients underwent the described frontal sinus repair technique 17 for tumor and 6 for trauma. There were no CSF leaks and no mucoceles. One patient experienced postoperative anemia and a “parameningeal reaction” that were managed with a short course of antibiotics.
Conclusions Compartmentalization, due to its sinus preservation and low complication rate, represents a meaningful step forward in neurosurgical technique for open frontal sinus repair. However, long-term outcomes are necessary to fully evaluate risk of mucocele.
TNNT1, a prognostic indicator in colon adenocarcinoma, regulates cell behaviors and mediates EMT process
Authors: Hao Yun-He , Yu Shu-Yong , Tu Rui-Sha , Cai Yao-Qing 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSlow skeletal muscle troponin T (TNNT1) has been reported to be correlated with several cancers, but there are no evidences proving that TNNT1 is required in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). TNNT1 expression in COAD tissues and its prognostic significance were acquired from TCGA database. The proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of COAD cells were detected by CCK-8 and transwell assays, respectively. Correlations between TNNT1 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers were determined using western blotting and Pearson’s analysis. Our results stated that TNNT1 expression was high-regulated in COAD tissues, which was related with unfavorable prognosis of COAD patients. Functional analyses suggested that TNNT1 promoted the cellular behaviors. Moreover, aberrant expression of TNNT1 affected the expression level of EMT-related proteins. And TNNT1 was negatively linked with E-cadherin. In conclusion, our findings indicated that TNNT1 may promote the progression of COAD, mediating EMT process, and thus shed a novel light on COAD therapeutic treatments.
Output characteristic analysis and delivery line capacity exploration of large-scale offshore wind power
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Xiaochen , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Offshore wind power slightly differs from onshore wind power in output characteristics due to the impact of wind resources and maritime environment. This paper analyses the characteristics of offshore wind power from the perspectives of resource characteristic, output characteristic and operational characteristic, illustrates the matching between offshore wind power and regional loads, and finally explores a capacity design strategy on a delivery line of offshore wind power based on the abandonment of wind power, to provide a reference for optimization of regional wind power layout and reduction of costs arising from new energy consumption.
Assessment of power generation performance characteristics using different solar photovoltaic technologies
Authors: Liu Rensheng , Bimenyimana Samuel , Osarumwense Asemota Godwin Norense , Xu Miaoyan , Dieu Niyonteze Jean De , Li Lingling 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Solar energy is a relatively free renewable, clean, green, and environmentally friendly energy resource produced from the sun, using different technologies like solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) modules to generate heat and electricity, respectively. This paper aims to assess and compare the power generation performance characteristics of different solar PV module technologies by simulation, deploying identical input temperature and irradiance parameters. The solar PV designs were simulated using PVsyst Version 6.73 for 26.0 kW annual power and 42.9 MWh/year annual yields using the climate data of Sydney, Australia. The results show that monocrystalline solar technologies needed an area of 163m2, while polycrystalline and thin films needed areas of 173m2 and 260m2 respectively to generate 42.9MWh annual yield. The monocrystalline PV modules are more efficient at solar energy conversion than polycrystalline and thin film technologies, respectively (94.2% and 62.7%). The symmetric semi-toroid dome of sun heights against azimuthal angles show 13 bimodal pyriforms, that cut the azimuths at least twice on each of the optimisation lines. These optimal solution points were visible for every sunlight hour of between 6 and 18 hours (inclusive). They show convex sets of global optima (or local optima) with one minimum in the interval of convexity. Also, each of the minimum points for each of the 13 directed fish-like bimodal pyriforms was on ±60° azimuth. However, the assessment of respective PV module characteristics with respect to variation of irradiation and temperature, show that the general results from simulation displayed disparate changes in the voltages and currents of the generated power with respect to different solar PV modules. The proposed semi-toroid model indicates that many optimisation solutions for easier, cheaper, quicker and more efficient power generation are possible with appropriate design. It is recommended that the installation of a single-axis solar tracker or maximum power point tracker could overcome the azimuth angle effect.
PFC fault detection method for EV wireless charging system based on hidden markov model
Authors: Xu Changfu , Bo Bin , Wang Ruoyin , Zhang Ming , Xu Jiayuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The PFC device serves as an important bridge between rectifier module and high-frequency inverter module in the wireless charging system of electric vehicle (EV). Once this device fails, it will not only have a serious impact on the power grid, but also cause irreversible damage to the back-end high-frequency inverter module. Traditional fault diagnosis methods are difficult to meet the requirements of complex systems. In this paper, HMM which has unique advantages in training model and fault identification is used for fault diagnosis of PFC device of EV wireless charging system. Firstly, the model is initialized and the initial values of HMM are determined. Then, Baum-Welch algorithm is used for iterative training. Finally, Viterbi algorithm is used for fault diagnosis. The test results show that the PFC fault diagnosis accuracy of EV wireless charging system using HMM is about 25% higher than the traditional method, and the recognition speed is significantly improved.
Electromagnetic vibration analysis method of short circuit in transformer winding based on field circuit coupling
Authors: Hao FangZhou , Wen Haiyan , Zhao Hongshan , Li Zili 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The short circuit fault may cause serious deformation of the transformer winding even affect the safety and stability of the equipment and the whole power system. This paper mainly studies the flux leakage, electromagnetic force and vibration characteristics of winding under short-circuit fault based on field circuit coupling model. Firstly, the 10kV power transformer is modeled as the research object to analyze the flux leakage and electromagnetic force of the transformer windings in short circuit condition based on the field-circuit coupling principle. Then, the electromagnetic excitation is extracted for harmonic response analysis to investigate the electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the windings. Finally, the short circuit experiment is designed to verify the above research. It is found in this paper that the flux leakage, electromagnetic force and vibration amplitude of the transformer windings are all strengthened sharply under short circuit fault. This conclusion provides an important basis for transformer design and condition.
Fault diagnosis of vacuum circuit breaker based on coil current of release
Authors: Chen Ben-bin , Shi Hao , Zhuang Zhi-jian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The release is the key component of operation mechanism of circuit breaker. Its current waveform contains many information. The fault diagnosis of circuit breaker can be realized by analyzing the current waveform of coil. Firstly, the combination method of wavelet analysis and seeking extreme points in region extremum is proposed to obtain the feature values of coil current of circuit breakers. Then, a novel intelligent particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was adopted to search the optimal parameters of support vector machine (SVM). Finally, a high-performance SVM with optimal parameters is constructed for fault diagnosis. The experimental results show that the method can achieve a high fault diagnosis accuracy.
Toward a framework of social welfare assessment of wind energy systems
Authors: Hayajneh Hassan , Zhang Xuewei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wind energy systems have seen substantial growth over the past decades. It is important to assess the impacts of wind energy systems on the wellbeing of all aspects of life and society. Previous works have been conducting life cycle assessments to evaluate the environmental impacts of wind energy systems; in social research, studies have also been conducted to clarify people’s attitude and perception of wind energy systems. However, to assess social welfare, it is needed to integrate these two approaches and generate indicators on a comparable and objective basis. In this work, we propose such a framework in which community survey designs and data analysis methods are specified. To correct the subjectivity in the answers of individuals, an inverse map of that used in prospect theory is used. Based on the indicators of the five aspects of social welfare evaluated by an individual, the individual utility function can be constructed, which, in turn, can be averaged over the individual’s cluster or group. The cluster averaged individual utility functions will lead to definitions of social welfare function. This work then discusses the effects of cluster weight parameters, social welfare function definitions, as well as the inclusion of the prospect theory concept. The proposed social welfare assessment framework could be valuable for future wind energy system planning and operation.
Optimization of controlling parameters of DFIG and battery energy storage combined frequency modulation based on PSO
Authors: Lei Changyan , Wang Qi , Wang Shun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wind power has randomicity and intermittence. As the wind power penetration rate increases, it poses a threat to the frequency of the power grid. In the power systems with high-permeability of wind power, relying solely on conventional crew tuning is no longer sufficient to ensure that the frequency is within safe limits. The battery energy storage has a fast response speed, but it is expensive. The frequency regulation provided by the wind farm itself has a short inertial control support time, the pitch control response is slow, and both frequency modulation methods are subject to wind speed. In order to improve the frequency adjustment capability of the wind farm, the battery energy storage and the wind farm’s own frequency modulation means are combined to adjust the system frequency. However, how to set the battery energy storage output to make the system frequency characteristics optimal hasn’t been studied. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to select the optimal parameters, so that the frequency characteristics are optimal. The example shows that compared with the unoptimized energy storage frequency modulation coefficient, the optimal frequency modulation coefficient found by the PSO algorithm can greatly reduce the maximum frequency drop of the power system and improve the frequency stability of the power system.