bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasar Accretion Disk Sizes from Continuum Reverberation Mapping from the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Mudd D. , Martini P. , Zu Y. , Kochanek C. , Peterson B. M. , Kessler R. , Davis T. M. , Hoormann J. K. , King A. , Lidman C. , Sommer N. E. , Tucker B. E. , Asorey J. , Hinton S. , Glazebrook K. , Kuehn K. , Lewis G. , Macaulay E. , Moeller A. , O’Neill C. , Zhang B. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Banerji M. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Rosell A. Carnero , Carollo D. , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , Davis C. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Fosalba P. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hartley W. G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuhlmann S. , Kuropatkin N. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , Marshall J. L. , McMahon R. G. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sanchez E. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Smith M. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Tucker D. L. , Walker A. R. ,   DES Collaboration
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present accretion disk size measurements for 15 luminous quasars at 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 1.9 derived from griz light curves from the Dark Energy Survey. We measure the disk sizes with continuum reverberation mapping using two methods, both of which are derived from the expectation that accretion disks have a radial temperature gradient and the continuum emission at a given radius is well described by a single blackbody. In the first method we measure the relative lags between the multiband light curves, which provides the relative time lag between shorter and longer wavelength variations. From this, we are only able to constrain upper limits on disk sizes, as many are consistent with no lag the 2σ level. The second method fits the model parameters for the canonical thin disk directly rather than solving for the individual time lags between the light curves. Our measurements demonstrate good agreement with the sizes predicted by this model for accretion rates between 0.3 and 1 times the Eddington rate. Given our large uncertainties, our measurements are also consistent with disk size measurements from gravitational microlensing studies of strongly lensed quasars, as well as other photometric reverberation mapping results, that find disk sizes that are a factor of a few (∼3) larger than predictions.
Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Shipp N. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Balbinot E. , Ferguson P. , Erkal D. , Li T. S. , Bechtol K. , Belokurov V. , Buncher B. , Carollo D. , Kind M. Carrasco , Kuehn K. , Marshall J. L. , Pace A. B. , Rykoff E. S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Sheldon E. , Strigari L. , Vivas A. K. , Yanny B. , Zenteno A. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Avila S. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Carretero J. , Castander F. J. , Cawthon R. , Crocce M. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , da Costa L. N. , Davis C. , Vicente J. De , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Evrard A. E. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hartley W. , Honscheid K. , Hoyle B. , James D. J. , Johnson M. D. , Krause E. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lin H. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Martini P. , Menanteau F. , Miller C. J. , Miquel R. , Nichol R. C. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sako M. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Smith M. , Smith R. C. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Tucker D. L. , Walker A. R. , Wechsler R. H. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We perform a search for stellar streams around the Milky Way using the first 3 yr of multiband optical imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We use DES data covering ∼5000 deg2 to a depth of g > 23.5 with a relative photometric calibration uncertainty of <1%. This data set yields unprecedented sensitivity to the stellar density field in the southern celestial hemisphere, enabling the detection of faint stellar streams to a heliocentric distance of ∼50 kpc. We search for stellar streams using a matched filter in color–magnitude space derived from a synthetic isochrone of an old, metal-poor stellar population. Our detection technique recovers four previously known thin stellar streams: Phoenix, ATLAS, Tucana III, and a possible extension of Molonglo. In addition, we report the discovery of 11 new stellar streams. In general, the new streams detected by DES are fainter, more distant, and lower surface brightness than streams detected by similar techniques in previous photometric surveys. As a by-product of our stellar stream search, we find evidence for extratidal stellar structure associated with four globular clusters: NGC 288, NGC 1261, NGC 1851, and NGC 1904. The ever-growing sample of stellar streams will provide insight into the formation of the Galactic stellar halo, the Milky Way gravitational potential, and the large- and small-scale distribution of dark matter around the Milky Way.
NK Cell–Derived IFN-γ Protects against Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Infection
Authors: Lai Hsin-Chih , Chang Chih-Jung , Lin Chuan-Sheng , Wu Tsung-Ru , Hsu Ya-Jing , Wu Ting-Shu , Lu Jang-Jih , Martel Jan , Ojcius David M. , Ku Cheng-Lung , Young John D. , Lu Chia-Chen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn developed countries, pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are more prevalent than Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Given the differences in the pathogenesis of NTM and M. tuberculosis infections, separate studies are needed to investigate the pathological effects of NTM pathogens. Our previous study showed that anti–IFN-γ autoantibodies are detected in NTM-infected patients. However, the role of NK cells and especially NK cell–derived IFN-γ in this context has not been studied in detail. In the current study, we show that NK1.1 cell depletion increases bacterial load and mortality in a mouse model of pulmonary NTM infection. NK1.1 cell depletion exacerbates NTM-induced pathogenesis by reducing macrophage phagocytosis, dendritic cell development, cytokine production, and lung granuloma formation. Similar pathological phenomena are observed in IFN-γ–deficient (IFN-γ−/−) mice following NTM infection, and adoptive transfer of wild-type NK cells into IFN-γ−/− mice considerably reduces NTM pathogenesis. Injection of rIFN-γ also prevents NTM-induced pathogenesis in IFN-γ−/− mice. We observed that NK cells represent the main producers of IFN-γ in the lungs and production starts as soon as 1 d postinfection. Accordingly, injection of rIFN-γ into IFN-γ−/− mice 1 d (but not 2 wk) postinfection significantly improves immunity against NTM infection. NK cells also stimulate mycobacterial killing and IL-12 production by macrophages. Our results therefore indicate that IFN-γ production by NK cells plays an important role in activating and enhancing innate and adaptive immune responses at early stages of pulmonary NTM infection.
Progression from the Common Lymphoid Progenitor to B/Myeloid PreproB and ProB Precursors during B Lymphopoiesis Requires C/EBPα
Authors: Guo Hong , Barberi Theresa , Suresh Rahul , Friedman Alan D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The C/EBPα transcription factor is required for myelopoiesis, with prior observations suggesting additional contributions to B lymphopoiesis. Cebpa expression is evident in common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) and preproB cells but is absent in proB and preB cells. We previously observed that marrow lacking the Cebpa +37 kb enhancer is impaired in producing B cells upon competitive transplantation. Additionally, a Cebpa enhancer/promoter-hCD4 transgene is expressed in B/myeloid CFU. Extending these findings, pan-hematopoietic murine Cebpa enhancer deletion using Mx1-Cre leads to expanded CLP, fewer preproB cells, markedly reduced proB and preB cells, and reduced mature B cells, without affecting T cell numbers. In contrast, enhancer deletion at the proB stage using Mb1-Cre does not impair B cell maturation. Further evaluation of CLP reveals that the Cebpa transgene is expressed almost exclusively in Flt3+ multipotent CLP versus B cell–restricted Flt3− CLP. In vitro, hCD4+ preproB cells produce both B and myeloid cells, whereas hCD4− preproB cells only produce B cells. Additionally, a subset of hCD4− preproB cells express high levels of RAG1-GFP, as seen also in proB cells. Global gene expression analysis indicates that hCD4+ preproB cells express proliferative pathways, whereas B cell development and signal transduction pathways predominate in hCD4− preproB cells. Consistent with these changes, Cebpa enhancer–deleted preproB cells downmodulate cell cycle pathways while upregulating B cell signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicate that C/EBPα is required for Flt3+ CLP maturation into preproB cells and then for proliferative Cebpaint B/myeloid preproB cells to progress to Cebpalo B cell–restricted preproB cells and finally to Cebpaneg proB cells.
Porcine zona pellucida vaccine immunocontraception of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) cows: A review of 22 years of research
Authors: Bertschinger Hendrik J. , Delsink Audrey , Van Altena J.J. , Kirkpatrick Jay F. 
Published: July 2018

Background: The native porcine zona pellucida (pZP) vaccine has been successfully used for immunocontraception of wild horses, white-tailed deer and approximately 90 zoo species for more than 25 years.Objectives: To provide proof of concept and test contraceptive efficacy of pZP in African elephants. Once completed, test the population and behavioural effects on cows in the Greater Makalali Private Game Reserve (GMPGR). Following the GMPGR, test efficacy, population effects, safety and reversibility in 25 reserves with populations ranging from 9 to 700 elephants.Method: Histological sections were reacted with anti-pZP antibodies to provide proof of concept. From 1996 to 2000, 21 and 10 cows were treated with pZP vaccine in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and monitored for pregnancy. Population effects of pZP with Freund’s adjuvants (three vaccinations in Year 1 with one annual booster) were studied on 18 cows in the GMPGR. Another six game reserves with a total of 90 cows were added to the project. The project was then expanded to include another 18 reserves.Results: Binding of anti-pZP antibodies to elephant zona proteins was demonstrated in vitro. The KNP provided efficacy results of 56% and 80%, respectively. The contraceptive efficacy in the GMPGR and additional six reserves was 100% following calving of pregnant cows. Safety and lack of impact on social behaviour were demonstrated. In larger populations, efficacy was 95%.Conclusion: Contraceptive efficacy and safety of pZP vaccine could be demonstrated in small to large populations. The methodology is now being implemented in approximately 800 cows on 26 reserves across South Arica.
From pencil and eraser to blending materials and flipping the classroom: A short history of Teksredaksie and Text Editing
Authors: Van de Poel Kris 
Published: July 2018

This article will take a historical perspective on the topic of text editing and highlight the following: (1) The origin and history of the Text Editing project and book productions in different languages (2003–2018) and (2) The latest programme developments from printed book to teaching with it, or learning from it and especially the development of a state-of-the-art training approach. In an attempt to evaluate whether these developments are defensible, also from the point of view of its users, a small-scale usability study was carried out among two groups of master’s degree students (N = 37) who undertook inverted and/or flipped-blended-collaborative text editing. As inverting classrooms with blended materials (online and contact) and introducing a collaborative approach to learning are innovative within this domain, the question of the programme’s effectiveness deserves central attention. Quantitative and qualitative student evaluation data (online Likert-scale questionnaire with open questions and critical evaluation reports) show that Text Editing is more than a well-founded theoretical guide or handbook. The programme is experienced as authentic and effective and has a high impact on the users’ self-efficacy and professional profile. As such the project is sustainable.
Empreendedorismo na enfermagem: comparação com outras profissões da saúde
Authors: Colichi Rosana Maria Barreto , Lima Silvana Andrea Molina 
Published: July 2018

Objetivou-se caracterizar as empresas de enfermagem e outras profissões da saúde, comparando indicadores relacionados ao empreendedorismo entre essas categorias profissionais. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, caráter exploratório e descritivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada em junho e julho de 2017 nos sites da Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo, conselhos de classe e Ministério da Educação e Cultura. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Com baixo capital social e concentrada em grandes centros, a maioria das empresas foi aberta a partir de 2000, como sociedade limitada, microempresa ou empresa de pequeno porte. O número de empresas de enfermagem é muito inferior ao das relacionadas à fisioterapia, psicologia, nutrição e fonoaudiologia. A área de enfermagem revela as menores relações empresas/profissionais, empresas/cursos e empresas/vagas anuais. Os indicadores reforçam a necessidade da inserção de conteúdos de empreendedorismo nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem,visando preparo para novos mercados de trabalho.
Moderate Transhumanism and Compassion
Authors: Göcke Benedikt 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTranshumanism is a political agenda according to which we should deploy the means provided by the sciences to change human nature to meet our ends. Reactions to the transhumanist agenda range from naïve endorsement in one corner, to naïve rejection in the other. Some assume that it will inevitably lead to utopian heaven, others that it will lead directly to dystopian hell. These extreme reactions to the transhumanist agenda, however, are often due to unclarity and imprecision with respect to the ends that the transhumanist is said to have in mind. To avoid this vagueness, I start by clarifying what I call a moderate thesis of transhumanism. Once this thesis is clarified, I present an argument in favor of moderate transhumanism that is based on the concept of compassion.
Buceo responsable en El Salvador
Authors: Barraza Enrique 
Published: July 2018

<p>El buceo deportivo, extractivo y recreativo que se practica a nivel nacional, mediante apnea o con equipo autónomo en el área natural protegida Complejo Los Cóbanos, lagos de Coatepeque e Ilopango, principalmente, requiere de ordenamiento para evitar los impactos ambientales negativos que ha causado hasta la fecha. La coordinación entre autoridades pertinentes e implementación de protocolos nuevos, así como reglamentos son importantes para prevenir daños a los ecosistemas acuáticos involucrados.</p><p><span>Realidad y Reflexión Año 18, No 47, 48 Enero-Junio 2018; pp.13-20</span></p>
Howell-Jolly Body–Like Inclusions in Neutrophils of Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Novel Correlation
Authors: Tong Yi Tat , Nguyen Nghia D. , Wahed Amer 
Published: July 2018

Context.—Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions have been previously associated with patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected, taking antiviral medications, and immunosuppressed. These inclusions appear in neutrophils and resemble Howell-Jolly bodies of normoblasts in abnormal erythropoiesis. In granulocytes, they are thought to represent detached nuclear fragments produced from dysplastic granulopoiesis. To the best of our knowledge, no association of Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been reported previously.Objective.—To establish an unprecedented correlation of Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions in patients with MDS.Design.—Eleven bone marrow cases from patients diagnosed with MDS and 20 bone marrow cases with no significant pathologic alterations were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed medical record review was performed to ensure none of the patients had a history of HIV, or was taking immunosuppressants and/or antiviral medications.Results.—Eight of 11 cases (72%) from the study group show detached intracytoplasmic inclusions in a minority (&lt;5%) of mature neutrophils consistent with Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions. No Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions were identified in the control group. Notably, none of the selected patients had a history of HIV or was taking immunosuppressants and antiviral medications.Conclusions.—In review of the literature, Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions seem to correlate with immunosuppression and antiviral therapies with nucleoside analogs. We propose that the formation of Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions is the consequence of dysplasia, and hence its correlation not only with the abovementioned conditions, but also with MDS. The inclusions are, however, seen in only a minority of white cells (&lt;5%), which is probably why they were not brought to practicing pathologists' awareness in the past. This study aims to raise awareness and correlate the presence of Howell-Jolly body–like inclusions in MDS.
Qualidade da dieta de nutrizes utilizando o Índice de Alimentação Saudável
Authors: Ferreira Freitas Ronilson , Caetano Diego Silva , Lessa Angelina Do Carmo , Macedo Mariana De Souza , Dessimoni Pinto Nísia Andrade Villela , Teixeira Romero Alves 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad global de la dieta de las amamantadoras mediante el instrumento o Índice de Alimentación Saludable. <br />Metodología: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico observacional transversal, teniendo como instrumentos de colecta de datos un cuestionario semiestructurado para la caracterización de la muestra y el registro de ingestión habitual. La calidad de la dieta ha sido evaluada por el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS) validado para la población brasileña. Para los análisis, se estimaron las medias y desvíos estándar, las medianas e intervalos intercuartílicos del IAS total y de cada componente. Se utilizó el test de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para probar la normalidad de los datos. Las medias de puntuación total del IAS por grupos de acuerdo con las variables sociodemográficas, nutricionales y obstétricas se evaluaron utilizando los tests t de Student, ANOVA y Test "post hoc" de Tukey. <br />Resultados: Se evaluaron 106 amamantadoras con media de puntuación del IAS total de 64,36±10,68 y los alimentos del grupo de las frutas total, fruta entera, cereal total, cereal integral y leche y derivados, fueron los componentes del IAS de las amamantadoras con menores puntuaciones, y con mayor frecuencia de nota mínima. Fue posible ver un bajo consumo de frutas totales, frutas enteras, cereales totales, cereales integrales y leche y derivados. En la comparación entre las medias y medianas de la puntuación total del IAS con las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, nutricionales y obstétricas de las amamantadoras, se observó que mujeres con 12 o más años de estudio completo han tenido media significativamente mayor en relación a las amamantadoras con menor escolaridad.<br /><br />
Detección, vigilancia, y seguimiento de gérmenes multirresistentes, en las areas sanitarias III-IV de Cantabria (2013-2016)
Authors: González Martínez Obdulio Manuel , Rodríguez Saturio Sara 
Published: July 2018

En la Unión Europea, según el Centro de Control de Enfermedades, fallecen unos 250.000 individuos al año a causa de las bacterias multirresistentes a los antibióticos, con un coste adicional de 1.500 millones de euros a los sistemas sanitarios. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha definido como “la gran amenaza para la salud pública” y pronostica que pudieran provocar 10 millones de muertes en el año 2050.<br />El presente estudio prospectivo de incidencia de los pacientes portadores de gérmenes multirresistentes a los antibióticos (GMA) se ha realizado desde 2013 a junio de 2016 en las áreas sanitarias III-IV de Cantabria, con una población estimada de 200.000 habitantes, distribuidas en dos Hospitales Comarcales: Hospital Sierrallana (Torrelavega) y Hospital de Tres Mares (Reinosa), 14 Centros de Salud y Sociosanitarios.<br />Se ha aplicado el proceso de vigilancia, control y seguimiento epidemiológico, realizado desde el Servicio de Medicina Preventiva Calidad y Seguridad del Paciente con la colaboración del Servicio de Microbiología y de Atención Primaria. <br />De un total de total de 3446 pacientes con gérmenes con GMA, se han podido negativizar 1083 pacientes, lo que representa el 31,42% del total. <br />Teniendo en cuenta que cada uno de estos enfermos permanece ingresado una estancia media de 5 días más que los que no presentan estas multirresistencias a los antibióticos. Se ha conseguido que estos pacientes una vez negativizados pudieran ingresar sin estar aislados con lo que esto representa a nivel de salud, económico y psicológicamente; así como mejorar la eficieciencia de los recursos sanitarios. <br /><br />
Sleep and Lifestyle Habits of Osteopathic Emergency Medicine Residents During Training
Authors: Hughes Kate E. , Hughes Patrick G. , Hughes Mary J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Context
Duty hours were enacted in 2003 with the intent to improve patient safety and resident well-being. However, limited data exist regarding improvements in residents’ well-being since the implementation of these restrictions.

Objective
To examine osteopathic emergency medicine (EM) resident characteristics regarding sleep and lifestyle habits and duty hour reporting.

Method
A convenience sample of osteopathic EM residents was surveyed at a statewide conference in May 2014. The conference included 177 residents from 15 osteopathic EM residencies. Data regarding demographics, sleep and lifestyle habits (including work-related motor vehicle incidents [MVIs] and chemical aid use for sleep/wakefulness), and duty hour reporting were collected. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was calculated, with a score greater than 10 indicating sleep disturbance.

Results
Of the 128 residents (72%) who returned the survey, approximately two-thirds were female, were currently on an EM rotation, and were training in suburban emergency departments with more than 60,000 annual visits. Only 35% of respondents slept 8 or more hours per night during an EM rotation, and 63% admitted to weight change during residency. Forty-two percent of respondents had a work-related MVI, which was more likely to occur if their ESS score was greater than 11 (P<.03). Mean (SD) ESS score was 9.9 (4.8; range, 0-24). Respondents reported using chemical aids for staying awake or going to sleep on a mean (SD) of 6.9 (9.3) days per month (range, 0-30). The majority of respondents (84%) reported strict duty hour enforcement policies, few (17%) had ever been asked to falsify reports, and more than half (56%) had ever voluntarily reported false hours.

Conclusion
Most residents surveyed slept fewer than 8 hours per night and had a weight change during EM residency training. The majority of residents used a chemical aid for sleep or wakefulness. Nearly half of residents surveyed met criteria for disordered sleep, which was associated with a higher occurrence of MVIs.