bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layered TiO2 Nanosheet‐Supported NiCo2O4 Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Vadakkekara Raji , Illathvalappil Rajith , Kurungot Sreekumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExploring the generation of efficient and long‐lasting bifunctional electrocatalysts obtained from low‐cost transition metal oxides is crucial to the optimal production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrocatalytic water splitting. This study aims to demonstrate the applicability of layered TiO2 nanosheets as support for designing electrocatalysts. We have demonstrated the performance by decorating the TiO2 support with NiCo2O4 nanoparticles (NiCo2O4/TiO2) as catalysts for electrocatalytic overall water splitting. Moreover, the corrosion effect of usually used carbon‐based supporting materials can decrease the working efficiency and, thus, the overall performance of the catalysts. In this aspect, TiO2 can be a better alternative to carbon‐based systems. Layered TiO2 was synthesized at room temperature, and a simple heat treatment protocol was employed for the large‐scale synthesis of NiCo2O4/TiO2. TiO2 facilitated the formation of smaller NiCo2O4 nanoparticles, also improving the dispersion. This bifunctional electrocatalyst exhibits high OER and HER performance with a low overpotential of 309 mV and 185 mV respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. TiO2 supported catalyst also exhibits other advantages like remarkable durability in the alkaline medium along with high turnover frequency (TOF) values. This inexpensive catalyst can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at only 1.64 V with a steady performance for more than 12 h for overall water splitting. Thus, this homemade system provides a proficient and low‐cost alternative to the more expensive systems such as RuO2, IrO2 or Pt for the electrochemical water splitting applications.
A Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Dihydroquinolones via Domino Michael Addition‐Lactamization of ortho‐Quinone Methide Imines
Authors: Hodík Tomáš , Schneider Christoph 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpirocyclic dihydroquinolones have been obtained with good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity (>20:1 d.r.), and enantioselectivity (up to 99:1 e.r.) from in situ generated ortho‐quinone methide imines and cyclic β‐oxo esters. This one‐step domino Michael addition–lactamization process features mild reaction conditions, easily accessible starting materials, and products with two adjacent chiral centers one of which is quaternary. Mechanistic studies revealed the in situ generated chiral magnesium phosphate salt rather than the free phosphoric acid to be the more reactive catalyst for this reaction.
Oxidative, Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkene Arylation for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhao Zhensheng , Britt Liam H. , Murphy Graham K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA catalytic, metal‐free and chemoselective oxidative intramolecular coupling of arene and alkene C−H bonds is reported. The active hypervalent iodine (HVI) reagent, generated catalytically in situ from iodotoluene and meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m‐CPBA), reacts with o‐vinylbiphenyls to generate polyaromatic hydrocarbons in up to 95 % yield. Experimental evidence suggests the reactions proceed though vinyliodonium and, possibly, vinylenephenonium intermediates.
Procedural safety and long‐term follow‐up after pacemaker implantation in nonagenarians
Authors: Dang Duc , Galand Vincent , Loirat Aurélie , Auffret Vincent , Behar Nathalie , Mabo Philippe , Daubert Jean‐Claude , Leclercq Christophe , Martins Raphaël P. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe rate of pacemaker (PM) implantations is constantly growing. Since life expectancy of the population is projected to increase, a large number of nonagenarian patients will need PM implantation. We aimed at analyzing short‐ and long‐term outcomes after PM implantation in nonagenarians.MethodsPatients aged ≥90 years referred for PM implantation from 2004 to 2017 were included. The primary clinical endpoint was total mortality. Secondary endpoints included procedure‐related and in‐hospital complications.ResultsA total of 172 patients were included (92.6 ± 2.1 years, from 90.0 to 101.4 years). Procedure duration was 50.0 ± 19.7 minutes. Most of the patients had VVI devices implanted (143 pts, 83.1%) and mean hospital stay was 3.5 ± 1.5 days. Nine patients (5.2%) had short‐term device‐related complications and 29 patients (16.8%) had post‐procedural complications, non‐related to the implantation, including four leading to patients' death. During a follow‐up of 22.5 months (interquartile range: 7.3‐38.0), 94 patients (54.7%) died. Survival rates were 82.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76.0‐88.0), 73.7% (95% CI: 65.7‐80.1) and 37.5% (95% CI: 27.5‐47.5) after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. The Charlson comorbidity index was a predictive factor of procedural complications (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.69, P = 0.02) while having a complication (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.79‐9.11, P = 0.001) and atrial fibrillation (HR = 1.63; 95% CI: [1.02‐2.63], P = 0.043) were predictors of post‐implantation death.ConclusionPM implantation in nonagenarians is safe, with a low risk of procedural complications, but many comorbidities‐related complications can occur. Caution should be taken in this old and frail population since complications significantly impact patients' survival.
Differential response of pineal microglia to surgical versus pharmacological stimuli
Authors: Ibañez Rodriguez María P. , Galiana María D. , Rásmussen Jorge A. , Freites Carlos L. , Noctor Stephen C. , Muñoz Estela M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicroglial cells are one of the interstitial elements of the pineal gland (PG). We recently reported the pattern of microglia colonization and activation, and microglia‐Pax6+ cell interactions during normal pineal ontogeny. Here, we describe the dynamics of microglia‐Pax6+ cell associations and interactions after surgical or pharmacological manipulation. In adult rats, the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) were exposed, and either bilaterally excised (SCGx) or decentralized (SCGd). In the SCGx PGs, the density of Iba1+ microglia increased after surgery and returned to sham baseline levels 13 days later. Pineal microglia also responded to SCGd, a more subtle denervation. The number of clustered Iba1+/PCNA+/ED1+ microglia was higher 4 days after both surgeries compared to the sham‐operated group. However, the number of Pax6+/PCNA− cells and the percentage of Pax6+ cells contacted by and/or phagocytosed by microglia increased significantly only after SCGx. Separate groups of rats were treated with either bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or doxycycline (DOX) to activate or inhibit pineal microglia, respectively. Peripheral LPS administration caused an increase in the number of clustered Iba1+/PCNA+/ED1+ microglial cells, and in the percentage of Pax6+ cells associated with and/or engulfed by microglia. In the LPS‐treated PGs, we also noted an increase in the number of PCNA+ cells that were Iba1− within the microglial cell clusters. The density of Pax6+ cells did not change after LPS treatment. DOX administration did not influence the parameters analyzed. These data suggest that pineal microglia are highly receptive cells capable of rapidly responding in a differential manner to surgical and pharmacological stimuli.
Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer: Small molecule inhibitors in clinic
Authors: Tripathi Satyendra C. , Fahrmann Johannes F. , Vykoukal Jody V. , Dennison Jennifer B. , Hanash Samir M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAltered cell metabolism is an established hallmark of cancer. Advancement in our understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism has aided drastically in identifying metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. Indeed, this knowledge has led to the development of a multitude of agents targeting various aspects of tumor metabolism.Recent findingsThe intent of this review is to provide insight into small molecule inhibitors that target tumor metabolism and that are currently being explored in active clinical trials as either preventive, stand‐alone, or adjuvant therapies for various malignancies. For each inhibitor, we outline the mechanism (s) of action, preclinical/clinical findings, and limitations. Sections are divided into three aspects based on the primary target of the small molecule inhibitor (s): those that impact (1) cancer cells directly, (2) immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment, or (3) both cancer cells and immune cells. We highlight small molecule targeting of metabolic pathways including de novo fatty acid synthesis, NAD+ biosynthesis, 2‐hydroxyglutarate biosynthesis, polyamine metabolism, the kynurenine pathway, as well as glutamine and arginine metabolism.ConclusionsUse of small molecule inhibitors aimed at exploiting tumor metabolic vulnerabilities continues to be an active area of research. Identifying metabolic dependencies specific to cancer cells and/or constituents of the tumor microenvironment is a viable area of therapeutic intervention that holds considerable clinical potential.
Bibliographies Made Easy: A Guide to Using Citation Software to Create Bibliographies
Authors: Vivek S. , Leblanc S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractManaging references, inserting citations, and creating bibliographies take a considerable amount of our time in the academic world. Tools are now available in the form of citation software that can easily help us produce highly professional bibliographies easily. This article provides a beginners guide to such software with tips on using them effectively. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fast Wide‐Line Solid‐State NMR on a Low‐Cost Benchtop Spectrometer
Authors: Sørensen Morten K. , Balsgart Nicholas M. , Jensen Ole , Nielsen Niels Chr. , Vosegaard Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSolid‐state NMR may provide access to a wealth of information on molecular structure and dynamics. However, for many applications, the acquisition is challenged by broad resonances implying large spectral linewidths and low sensitivity. Conventionally, this is tackled by using costly and laboratory‐fixed spectrometers based on large high‐field superconducting magnets. In this Communication, we demonstrate that a range of challenging wide‐line solid‐state NMR spectra can be acquired on a robust, maintenance‐free, low‐cost benchtop/mobile NMR spectrometer with a sensitivity comparable to common high‐field instruments. The performance and versatility for recording sensitive wide‐line spectra is demonstrated through acquisition of 31P NMR of paramagnetic FePO4 and full quadupolar lineshapes of Al2O3 (27Al) and KNO3 (14N). Also, we introduce interleaved acquisition of frequency‐stepped slices providing a dramatic reduction of the required experiment time.
X‐Ray Topography Characterization of the Bridgman‐Grown Crystals of Zinc Germanium Phosphide
Authors: Kaloyan Alexander A. , Podurets Konstantin M. , Prokhorov Igor A. , Kovalenko Ekaterina S. , Bezbakh Ilya Zh. , Okunev Aleksey O. , Gribenyukov Alexander I. , Verozubova Galina A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSamples of the Bridgman‐grown nonlinear optic crystal of ZnGeP2 are studied using the methods of topography on a laboratory source and on a synchrotron radiation source. Methods of quasi‐plane‐wave topography, white beam topography, and rocking curve topography are used. Dislocation bundles, growth striations, small‐angle boundaries, and other defects are observed. The macroscopic distribution of defects in crystals and disorientations present in the crystal are studied. The mechanism of formation of images of growth striations is discussed. Digital analysis of the growth striations is carried out to characterize the growth process.
Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether: An Elective Ecofriendly Ethereal Solvent in Classical and Modern Organic Chemistry
Authors: Azzena Ugo , Carraro Massimo , Pisano Luisa , Monticelli Serena , Bartolotta Roberta , Pace Vittorio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSolvents represent one of the major contributions to the environmental impact of fine‐chemical synthesis. As a result, the use of environmentally friendly solvents in widely employed reactions is a challenge of vast real interest in contemporary organic chemistry. Within this Review, a great variety of examples showing how cyclopentyl methyl ether has been established as particularly useful for this purpose are reported. Indeed, its low toxicity, high boiling point, low melting point, hydrophobicity, chemical stability towards a wide range of conditions, exceptional stability towards the abstraction of hydrogen atoms, relatively low latent heat of vaporization, and the ease with which it can be recovered and recycled enable its successful employment as a solvent in a wide range of synthetic applications, including organometallic chemistry, catalysis, biphasic reactions, oxidations, and radical reactions.
Migration of PLM systems to cloud
Authors: Singh Shikha , Misra Subhas Chandra 
Published: September 2018

SummaryCloud computing and cloud applications are emerging as the latest technology. Cloud applications are developing very fast and adopted by most of the firms around the globe. The cloud applications are widely accepted and considered as a notion of the digitized era, but the cloud product lifecycle management (PLM) is not adopted much in Indian firms. Cloud PLM is an upcoming cloud application, but its adoption entails various challenges. Considering this fact, the paper aims to empirically investigate the critical challenges encountered by many firms for migration to of cloud PLM. A multicriteria decision making method, grey Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory along with interpretive structural modeling are employed to identify the causal challenges and their hierarchy to cloud PLM adoption. This empirical study brings out “data security” and “trust on solution provider” as the most important and critical challenges for migration to cloud PLM adoption. The findings may act as a guide for the managers in manufacturing firms in identifying the critical challenges to utilize the benefits of cloud PLM over on‐premise PLM systems.
Cocaine adulteration with the anthelminthic tetramisole (levamisole/dexamisole): Long‐term monitoring of its intake by chiral LC–MS/MS analysis of cocaine‐positive hair samples
Authors: Madry Milena M. , Kraemer Thomas , Baumgartner Markus R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent studies indicate that not only the anthelminthic levamisole but also the racemate tetramisole (R‐/S‐phenyltetraimidazothiazole, PTHIT) was found as an adulterant for cocaine. We herein report on the investigation of the prevalence of PTHIT among cocaine‐positive hair samples and the discrimination of the presence of its stereoisomers levamisole and dexamisole. Cocaine‐positive hair samples were collected in a forensic context in 2015 and mainly 2017 (n = 724). Cocaine and PTHIT concentrations have been determined by achiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). For distinction of levamisole/dexamisole chiral LC–MS/MS was performed. Cocaine hair concentrations ranged from 500 (cut‐off) to approximately 800 000 pg/mg. The study demonstrates a strong prevalence of PTHIT in cocaine users' hair (87%, n = 627). PTHIT hair concentrations ranged from below LLOQ 3.5 to approximately 61 000 pg/mg (median: 260 pg/mg). Surprisingly, enantiomeric ratios of levamisole/dexamisole ranged from 0.17 to 1.34 (median: 0.63). Therefore, PTHIT‐adulterated street cocaine samples (n = 24) seized between 2013 and 2016 were tested. Samples mainly contained racemic tetramisole (87.5%), only one sample contained levamisole only and two samples contained non‐racemic PTHIT. Our experiments suggest that the presence of tetramisole in biological samples may have hitherto been underestimated. Most probably higher dexamisole than levamisole concentrations in hair specimens arise from stereoselective metabolism and/or elimination. This is particularly important in light of the different pharmacological activities of the two enantiomers and potentially different adverse effects. Toxicological interpretations in intoxication cases with adulterated cocaine should not only consider levamisole but also tetramisole and terminology in scientific contributions should be used accordingly.
Semi‐quantitative determination of designer steroids by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection in the absence of reference material
Authors: Voelker Sarah E. , Lorenz Lisa M. , Litzau Jonathan J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNew designer steroids are continually being encountered in dietary supplements that claim to increase muscle mass, but quantitative analysis of such ingredients is challenging due to the availability, quality, or cost of commercial reference materials. Although standard reference material typically becomes available for these emerging compounds, laboratories often face the challenge of finding properly certified materials from accredited suppliers, due to traceability requirements. Several of these designer steroids have been isolated and identified using multiple structural elucidation tools. Structural characteristics of these compounds of interest were evaluated and molar absorptivity data was collected and compared to several readily available steroid standards using ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. This approach was used to find suitable compounds for use as surrogate reference materials in the semi‐quantitative determination of two designer steroids, 1‐dehydroepiandrosterone (1‐androsterone) and 6β‐chloro‐4‐androsten‐17β‐ol‐3‐one (6β‐chlorotestosterone). Laboratory‐fortified matrix samples and dietary supplement samples were analyzed using this method for the estimation of 1‐androsterone and 6β‐chlorotestosterone by HPLC–UV. Assay values obtained for the estimation of 1‐androsterone in a dietary supplement sample using a prasterone or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) standard curve were 100% of those obtained using a 1‐androsterone reference standard, once it became commercially available. Estimations for 6β‐chlorotestosterone in laboratory‐fortified matrix samples using a testosterone standard curve were 92%–93% of those obtained using isolated 6β‐chlorotestosterone as “reference material.”
Development of high thermal conductive epoxy composite for large current switchgear
Authors: Komiya Gen , Imai Takahiro , Miyauchi Yasuhisa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractToshiba has developed solid insulated switchgear (SIS), which insulates the main circuit with epoxy composites. The solid insulating system is able not only to use no SF6, which is a kind of global warming gas, but also to supply compact equipment. In SIS, heat generated by the current loss in the conductors is dissipated through the epoxy composite. Therefore, development of high thermal conductive epoxy composites has been desired with respect to large current class SIS such as 2500 A. In this article, epoxy composite was filled with MgO having high thermal conductivity and SiO2 having low thermal expansion coefficient. The result of temperature rise analysis of 40.5 kV–2500 A SIS demonstrated that the high thermal conductive epoxy composite reduced rising temperature by approximately 10 K compared to conventional epoxy composite.
Rationale and design of the ADVOR (Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload) trial
Authors: Mullens Wilfried , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Nijst Petra , Martens Pieter , Tartaglia Katrien , Theunissen Evi , Bruckers Liesbeth , Droogne Walter , Troisfontaines Pierre , Damman Kevin , Lassus Johan , Mebazaa Alexandre , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ruschitzka Frank , Dupont Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AimsDecisive evidence on the optimal diuretic agent, dosing schedule, and administration route is lacking in acute heart failure (AHF) with congestion. The Acetazolamide in Decompensated heart failure with Volume OveRload (ADVOR) trial is designed to test the hypothesis that the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide, a potent inhibitor of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, improves decongestion when combined with loop diuretic therapy in AHF, potentially leading to better clinical outcomes.MethodsThe ADVOR trial is set up as a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, aiming to recruit 519 patients with AHF and clinically evident volume overload. All study participants receive high‐dose intravenous loop diuretics as background therapy and are randomized towards intravenous acetazolamide at a dose of 500 mg once daily vs. placebo, stratified according to including study centre and ejection fraction (< 40% vs. ≥ 40%). The primary endpoint is successful decongestion with no more than trace oedema assessed on the third morning after hospital admission, with good diuretic efficacy defined as a urine output > 3.5 L during the first 30–48 h of decongestive treatment. Secondary endpoints include all‐cause mortality or heart failure readmission after 3 months, length of hospital stay for the index admission, and longitudinal changes in the EuroQol‐5 dimensions questionnaire.ConclusionADVOR will investigate if acetazolamide combined with loop diuretic therapy improves decongestion in AHF with volume overload.
In situ free‐vibration tests on unrestrained and restrained rocking masonry walls
Authors: Giresini Linda , Sassu Mauro , Sorrentino Luigi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn the out‐of‐plane assessment of rocking walls, a relevant and yet uncertain aspect is the influence of energy dissipated during motion due to impacts and restraints, such as a floor or tie rods. Therefore, in situ rocking tests on unrestrained and restrained unreinforced masonry walls, made of composite (rubble + blockwork) masonry, were performed and analyzed. The restraint is given by steel springs of assigned stiffness, simulating a floor connected to full‐scale (4 × 1 × 0.6 m3) specimens from a dismantling building. The specimens are displaced from a static equilibrium position and released, allowing to evaluate energy dissipation. The coefficient of restitution is estimated as the square root of consecutive peak velocities of the same sign, to take into account nonhomogeneities in walls. For unrestrained walls, experimental coefficients of restitution vary between 81 and 88% of analytical ones, confirming the latter as conservative. For restrained configurations, experimental coefficients of restitution are between 74% and 83% of analytical values of unrestrained walls. Hence, an additional energy damping can be ascribed to the springs. Equivalent viscous damping ratios of a nonlinear rocking system are calculated by considering a velocity logarithmic decrement, resulting between 6% and 8% (unrestrained condition) and between 8% and 10% (restrained condition). An analytical formula is proposed for estimating the coefficient of restitution for restrained walls if the dynamic properties of the unrestrained wall and the horizontal restraint are known. Finally, the relevance of a refined estimation of energy dissipation is discussed by means of numerical time history analyses.