bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lime or Phosphorus: Which is Best to Limit Broomsedge in Tall Fescue Pastures?
Authors: Blevins Dale G. , Hamilton Elizabeth J. , Remley Melissa A. , Massie Matt D. , Naumann Harley D. , Miles Randall J. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Broomsedge increases in low‐fertility tall fescue pastures.
Phosphorus fertilization limits broomsedge increase in tall fescue pastures.
Lime application limits broomsedge increase in tall fescue pastures.
Applying recommended rates of lime and phosphorus increases tall fescue and limits broomsedge.
Most Missouri tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.) pastures grow on acidic, low‐phosphorus (P) soils. These conditions favor increases in broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.), a grass that is unpalatable for livestock. Three management strategies, 1) liming, 2) P fertilization, and 3) liming plus P fertilization, were evaluated for limiting broomsedge in tall fescue pastures. An established tall fescue pasture containing broomsedge was selected in southwest Missouri (soil pH 4.6, 6 lb/acre Bray I P). Lime was applied at 0x, 0.5x, 1x, and 2x the soil test recommendation (x = 3.67 ton/acre). Plots were treated with 0 or 50 lb P/acre. Plant counts for tall fescue and broomsedge were estimated over the next 3 years. Without P fertilization, broomsedge doubled over a 3‐year period. Phosphorus fertilization effectively maintained broomsedge at the initial level. The P treatment doubled the tall fescue count in 3 years following treatment, but without P, tall fescue counts remained at the initial level. Broomsedge increased nearly threefold without lime. Tall fescue more than doubled with the two highest lime treatments in 3 years. The 0x lime treatment resulted in no increase in tall fescue. Lime and P combined limited broomsedge increase to the greatest degree and produced the greatest increase in tall fescue. Increased vigor of tall fescue resulting from improved soil fertility likely influenced the increase in tall fescue and limited further encroachment of broomsedge. Applying lime and P could improve pastures by encouraging growth of desirable grasses and discouraging increases in common weeds like broomsedge.
Rice Drain Management to Reduce Seepage Exports in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California
Authors: Bachand Philip A.M. , Bachand Sandra M. , Stern Dylan , Deverel Steven , Horwath William R. 
Published: August 2018

Many deltas worldwide face subsidence issues due to increased anthropogenic activity. The Sacramento–San Joaquin delta similarly faces ongoing subsidence, more than 8 m in some areas, that increases levee failure risks and threatens the security of this water source for 25 million California residents and 1.2 million ha of agriculture. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields are an integral part of a proposed new strategy for managing subsidence because they have been shown to stop subsidence and provide an alternative crop for growers. Two important considerations for implementing rice fields are additional water requirement and the effect on water quality from mobilized dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and disinfection byproduct precursors. To understand constituent transport and potential management opportunities for rice farming, a plug flow reactor mass balance model was used to quantify surface and subsurface hydrologic pathways. Management of adjacent drainage ditch water levels under low and high scenarios were tested as a strategy to reduce seepage and water quality loads. Under high drains, groundwater met 10% of evapotranspiration (ET). Low drains resulted in a 100% increase in ET demand, which was met by surface water applied for irrigation. High drains reduced subsurface seepage by 95%. Subsurface DOC, trihalomethane, and total dissolved nitrogen loads were reduced 10‐fold in high drains compared with low drains. Flow rate accounted for 74 to 90% of load variance and was the primary determinant of constituent loads. Thoughtful implementation of rice cultivation, with high water levels in adjacent drains, can be leveraged to reduce irrigation water demand and constituent load outputs.Core Ideas
High drain reduced subsurface seepage flow losses by >10× compared with low drain.
High drain reduced groundwater seepage by 99% and surface water seepage by 90%.
High drain reduced water quality loads from subsurface sources by 10×.
Flow rate was the primary determinant of loads, accounting for 74–90% of variance.
Investigating the Role of Soil Texture in Petroleum Vapor Intrusion
Authors: Yao Yijun , Mao Fang , Xiao Yuting , Chen Huanyu , Verginelli Iason , Luo Jian 
Published: August 2018

In this work we investigate the role of soil texture in petroleum vapor intrusion (PVI) by performing numerical modeling, analytical calculations, and statistical analysis of the USEPA's PVI database. Numerical simulations were conducted for three kinds of soil (sand, sandy loam, and clay), and the results indicate that the maximum attenuations of vapor concentrations from source to indoor air were observed when the clay soil is below the building. In the anaerobic zone, the normalized soil gas concentration profiles were observed to be similar and independent of soil type, whereas in the aerobic zone, a more significant attenuation was observed in finer grained soils. Such a finding is consistent with the statistical results of the USEPA's PVI database, which indicate that in the near‐source zone, the soil gas concentration in coarse‐grained soil tends to be lower than that in fine‐grained soil, possibly caused by a weaker source due to mass loss by volatilization, whereas at a distance away from the source, the measured soil gas concentrations in fine‐grained soils become much lower because of aerobic biodegradation with a shorter diffusive reaction length. Thus, 3 and 5 m are proposed as soil‐type‐dependent vertical screening distances for fine and coarse‐grained soils, respectively. It should be noted that the validity of these screening distances is examined only for relatively homogeneous soils, and they may not be applicable for cases involving layered soil systems, where the availability of O2 in the subfoundation should be evaluated with subslab or multidepth samples to confirm the presence of aerobic biodegradation.Core Ideas
Soil type determines attenuation caused by biodegradation.
The simulations matched the statistical results.
Soil‐type‐dependent screen distances were proposed.
Synthesis of Novel Fused Regioisomeric Oxetane Bicycles via Paternò-Büchi Reaction of L-Ascorbic Acid and Evaluation as Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Deshmukh Santosh R. , Thopate Shankar R. 
Published: August 2018

Aim and Objective: To develop efficient method for the synthesis of unusual oxetanes bicycle and
diversely functionalized oxetane motifs bearing medicinally relevant functional group in new chemical space
and evaluation as cytotoxic agents.

Materials and Methods:
General procedure for the synthesis of 2, 3, 9 and 11: A mixture of L-ascorbic acid
derivative 1 or 8 or 10 (10 mmol) and benzophenone (12 mmol) in dry benzene (125 mL) was purged with dry
nitrogen for 5 min. The solution was then irradiated for 20-24 h with UV light (125 W, medium-pressure mercury
lamp) in an immersion-well photoreactor at ambient temperature under nitrogen. After completion of the
reaction, the solution was washed with aqueous NaHCO3 (10%), dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give crude product which was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate:
n-hexane (5-20%) as eluent to yield pure product as white solid.

Results:
3-O and 2-O methyl derivatives of 5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid 8 and 10 were irradiated
with Benzophenone to give single regioisomer 9 and 11 in 78 % and 69 % yield respectively, while in case of
5,6-O-isopropylidene-2,3-di-O-methyl-L-ascorbic acid, it gave both regioisomer 2 and 3. The presence of only
oxetanes moiety improved the cytotoxic activity compared to oxetanes bicycle moiety. It was scrutinized that
all the compounds in series of 2 and 4 displayed more MCF-7 cell proliferation than their regioisomers 3 and
6.

Conclusion:
We have developed a versatile strategy to prepare diversely functionalized fused oxetane bicycles
involving alkoxy, hydroxy methyl, alkyl, and aryl substituents. A wide variety of functional groups have been
introduced on the oxetane ring, accessing new chemical space. These compounds were tested for growth inhibition
against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, compounds 2d, 4b, 4d and 6d showed comparable cytotoxic activity
with L-ascorbic acid. These oxetane motifs will provide interesting new structural elements for medicinal
chemistry programs as well as synthesis.
Paclitaxel-tyroserleutide Conjugates Self-assembly into Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Yongjia , Shi Leilei , Zhu Bangshang , Su Yue , Li Hui , Zhu Xinyuan 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The drug-drug self-assembly was considered as a simple and efficient approach
to prepare high drug loading nano-drug carriers and present new opportunities for cancer therapeutics.
The strategy of PTX amphiphiles preparation would be a possible way to solve the poor water solubility
of PTX.

Methods:
The PTX-YSL conjugate were synthesized and characterized. The PTX-YSL nanocarriers
was prepared by a simple self-assembly method. In vitro cell studies and pharmacokinetic studies were
evaluated for their in vitro anti-tumor activities and blood retention time.

Results:
The structures of PTX-YSL conjugate were confirmed by LC-MS, 1H NMR and FTIR. The
size and morphology of the PTX-YSL self-assembled nanocarriers were observed with TEM and DLS.
PTX-YSL nanocarriers could facilitate cellular uptake and had low cytotoxicity. PTX-YSL nanocarriers
have longer blood retention for enhancing accumulation in the tumor tissues via EPR effect.

Conclusion:
This drug delivery system formed by PTX-YSL conjugates constitutes a promising and
effective drug carrier in cancer therapy.
Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial Potential and Molecular Docking Studies of 4,5-Disubstituted-1,2,4-Triazole Thioacetate Derivatives
Authors: Arif Muhammad Nouman , Nadeem Humaira , Paracha Rehan Zafar , Khan Arif-ullah , Imran Muhammad , Ali Fawad 
Published: August 2018

Background:
In the present study synthesis and biological assessment of nine new ethyl
[(4,5-disubstituted- 4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetate derivatives 2(a-i) is performed.

Methods:
The title compounds were characterized by their analytical and spectral data. All the synthesized
compounds were screened for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenaninduced
rat paw oedema method and in vitro antimicrobial activity. All the compounds exhibited
good anti-inflammatory activity; especially compound 2h produced the maximum effect i.e., 62.5 %
comparable to that of standard, diclofenac. The antimicrobial screening results indicated that some
of the newly synthesized compounds showed good antibacterial activity, especially against Escherichia
coli.

Results:
All the synthesized thioacetate derivatives of triazoles were also studied for their interactions
with the enzymes COX-I and COX-II, two important targets of inflammation pathway,
through docking analysis. All the compounds showed good binding affinities with both the enzymes
with a maximum value of -8.1 for 2e kcal/mol against COX-I.

Conclusion:
Docking analysis predicted that our compounds reduce inflammation nonselectively
by inhibiting both COX-I and COX-II of inflammatory pathway just like other nonselactive
NSAIDS.
Cheese as a Potential Food Carrier to Deliver Probiotic Microorganisms into the Human Gut: A Review
Authors: Homayouni Aziz , Ansari Fereshteh , Azizi Aslan , Pourjafar Hadi , Madadi Masuod 
Published: August 2018

:
This review presents the industrial manufacture and applications of cheese for the delivery
of probiotic microorganisms into the human gut. Initially, important benefits of probiotics and advantageous
characteristics of cheese for the delivery of probiotic microorganisms into the human gut in
comparison with the other fermented milk products are discussed. Fresh and ripened cheeses are also
separately argued followed by discussing queries respecting the viability of probiotic bacteria into these
cheeses. Since fresh cheese has been demonstrated as more suitable carriers for probiotic microorganisms,
factories are recommended producing it in large quantities.
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Presenting with Miliary Opacities
Authors: Arar Omar , Boni Fabrizio , Meschi Tiziana , Tana Claudio 
Published: August 2018

Background:Lung lesions often appear in patients with sarcoidosis; however, miliary opacities are rare. We present the case of a 55-year-old Indian man who presented with dyspnea and low-grade fever. </P><P> Discussion: Miliary Tuberculosis (TB) was initially suspected, despite the direct microscopic examination from bronchoalveolar lavage was negative for acid-fast bacilli because imaging showed miliary opacities, and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed the presence of typical caseating granulomas. Antitubercular treatment with the classic four-drug regimen was initiated. However, the patient did not improve and cultures were negative for Mycobacterium growth. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made only after a negative culture and clinical and histopathological re-evaluation of the case.Conclusion:Although miliary sarcoidosis is rare, physicians should consider sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis with conditions like tuberculosis, malignancy, and pneumoconiosis when patients present with miliary opacities who do not respond to the traditional treatment.
Gynaecological Cancer Diagnostics: 99mTc-Cisplatin Complex as a Future Approach for Early, Prompt and Efficient Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancer
Authors: Sana Ayesha , Rasheed Rashid , Rafique Asma , Khaliq Tooba , Jabeen Nazish , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: August 2018

Background:
ynaecological cancers (GCCa) are common and have a significant mortality rate all over the world. Early diagnosis of cancer can play a key role in the treatment and survival of a patient. Identification, staging, treatment, and monitoring of gynaecological malignancies
is being done successfully by nuclear medicines.

Discussion:
Currently, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) centered imaging techniques are being developed for use in patients with
GCCa as a diagnostic tool. The present work elucidates several clinical studies on the use of radiopharmaceuticals, based on their effectiveness, in the early detection and management of GCCa. It
also highlights the importance of reconsidering the biology for nuclear imaging as a future modality for early, rapid and efficient diagnosis of gynecological cancers. This comprehensive review is
a part of our study designed to detect gynaecological cancers at an early stage using radionuclide
complex, 99m Tc-Cisplatin.

Conclusion:
This article summarizes the significance of radioscintigraphy such as single-photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET for identification of GCCa in the experimental
humans and animals.
A Systematic Review of Double Low-dose CT Pulmonary Angiography in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Aldosari Sultan , Sun Zhonghua 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of the feasibility
and clinical application of double low-dose CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the diagnosis of
patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.

Discussion:
A total of 13 studies were found to meet selection criteria reporting both low radiation
dose (70 or 80 kVp versus 100 or 120 kVp) and low contrast medium dose CTPA protocols. Lowdose
CTPA resulted in radiation dose reduction from 29.6% to 87.5% in 12 studies (range: 0.4 to
23.5 mSv), while in one study, radiation dose was increased in the dual-energy CT group when
compared to the standard 120 kVp group. CTPA with use of low contrast medium volume (range:
20 to 75 ml) was compared to standard CTPA (range: 50 to 101 ml) in 12 studies with reduction
between 25 and 67%, while in the remaining study, low iodine concentration was used with 23%
dose reduction achieved. Quantitative assessment of image quality (in terms of signal-to-noise ratio
and contrast-to-noise ratio) showed that low-dose CTPA was associated with higher, lower and no
change in image quality in 3, 3 and 6 studies, respectively when compared to the standard CTPA
protocol. The subjective assessment indicated similar image quality in 11 studies between low-dose
and standard CTPA groups, and improved image quality in 1 study with low-dose CTPA.

Conclusion:
This review shows that double low-dose CTPA is feasible in the diagnosis of pulmonary
embolism with significant reductions in both radiation and contrast medium doses, without
compromising diagnostic image quality.
Bactericidal Activity and Structural Studies of the Steviol Derivative 17- Hydroxy-16-hydroxyiminobayeran-19-oic Acid
Authors: Boreiko Sheila , Machado Agnes T.P. , Stiirmer Júlio C. , Iulek Jorge , Silva Marcio 
Published: August 2018

Background:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the routine use of antibiotics
has led to the increase of microbial resistance. Thus, the search for new compounds that present
antimicrobial activity must be constant. This study reports the bactericidal activity assay of the steviol
derivative 17-hydroxy-16-hydroxyiminobayeran-19-oic acid against various bacteria and structural studies
by quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics.

Methods:
Bactericidal activity assays of the steviol derivative 17-hydroxy-16-hydroxyiminobayeran-19-
oic acid against Salmonella typhimurium [ATCC 14028], Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538], Bacillus
cereus [ATCC 11778], Helicobacter pylori [ATCC 26695], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC
27853], Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922] and Bacillus subtilis [ATCC 23857] were performed, as well as
structural studies by quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics.

Results:
The results show that the compound exhibits activity towards S. typhimurium, what makes it an
interesting compound for future studies on the development of antibiotics against this bacteria. An intramolecular
hydrogen bond does not seem to be maintained in solution, therefore, corresponding moieties
should be prone to interactions with their surroundings.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that the title compound exhibits activity towards S. typhimurium,
what sums up to similar results from other steviol derivatives and stevioside, thus reinforcing the potential
of these compounds for future studies on the development of antibiotics against this bacteria. The
potential energy surface for the selected torsion angles and molecular dynamics have revealed that an
intramolecular hydrogen bond, though slightly energetically favorable, does not seem to be maintained
in solution; therefore, corresponding moieties should be prone to interactions with their surroundings, an
important feature in further studies involving inhibitor/drug design from this compound.
A Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For The Simultaneous Determination of Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Propyphenazone
Authors: Mostafa Nadia M. , Elsayed Ghada M. , Hassan Nagiba Y. , El Mously Dina A. 
Published: August 2018

Background:The concept of green analytical chemistry prevails due to the growing environmental pollution.Objective:Our attempts are to develop simple and eco-friendly method which is non-harmful to the environment by producing minimal waste. In this context, a green liquid chromatographic method was applied for the simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and propyphenazone in their combined dosage form.Methods:Separation was carried out using X select HSS RP C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) using methanol - 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 3 - triethylamine (60:40: 0.1, by volume) as a mobile phase. The separated peaks were detected at 215 nm at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min.Results:Quantification was done over the concentration ranges of 1-25 µg/mL for chlorpheniramine maleate, 5-35 µg/mL for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 10-120 µg/mL for propyphenazone. The suggested method was validated with regard to linearity, accuracy and precision according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with good results.Conclusion:It could be used as a safer alternative for routine analysis of the mentioned drugs in quality control laboratories.
Potential Role of Carbon Nanoparticles in Guiding Central Neck Dissection and Protecting Parathyroid Glands in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Xu Zhiliang , Li Zhiyu , Wu Qi , Zhang Yimin , Zhu Shan , Sun Shengrong 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Carbon nanoparticle (CN) suspensions have been widely used as lymph
node tracers in cancers. Here, CN suspension was successfully applied to lymph node dissection.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the role of CN suspension in identifying lymph nodes and
preserving the parathyroid in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Method:
A total of 96 PTC patients were divided into a CN group (n = 46) and a control group (n =
50). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection from 2014 to
2015.

Results:
The number of lymph nodes removed in the CN group and the control group was 9.6±2.4
and 7.8±2.2, respectively, and the number of dissected lymph nodes identified as <5 mm in both
groups was 4.4±1.3 and 2.4±1.4, respectively. These results were significantly different between the
two groups (P < 0.05). However, the number of metastatic lymph nodes was similar in the two
groups. In addition, the results further revealed that the level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH)
was significantly lower in the control group than in the CN group on postoperative day 1 and week 1
(P < 0.05), but similar outcomes were observed at postoperative month 1.

Conclusion:
CN suspension plays an important role in accurately identifying lymph nodes and protecting
parathyroid glands. The clinical utilization of CN suspension could increase the accuracy of
surgery programs and protect parathyroid function.
Characterization of Nostoc muscorum NCCU-442 Derived Poly-3- hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Blends
Authors: Ansari Sabbir , Fatma Tasneem 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has attracted much consideration as
biodegradable biocompatible polymer. This thermoplastic polymer has comparable material
properties to polypropylene. Materials with more valuable properties may result from blending, a
common practice in polymer science.

Objective:
In this paper, blends of PHB (extracted from cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum NCCU-
442 with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated for their thermal, tensile, hydrophilic and
biodegradation properties.

Methods:
Blends were prepared in different proportions of PHB/PEG viz. 100/0, 98/2, 95/5, 90/10,
80/20, and 70/30 (wt %) using solvent casting technique. Morphological properties were
investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry and
thermogravimetric analysis were done for thermal properties determination whereas the mechanical
and hydrophilic properties of the blends were studied by means of an automated material testing
system and contact angle analyser respectively. Biodegradability potential of the blended films was
tested as percent weight loss by mixed microbial culture within 60 days.

Results:
The blends showed good misciblity between PEG and PHB, however increasing
concentrations of plasticizer caused morphological alteration as evidenced by SEM micrographs.
PEG addition (10 % and above) showed significant alternations in the thermal properties of the
blends. Increase in the PEG content increased the elongation at break ratio i.e enhanced the required
plasticity of PHB. Rate of microbial facilitated degradation of the blends was greater with increasing
PEG concentrations.

Conclusion:
Blending with PEG increased the crucial polymeric properties of cyanobacterial PHB.