bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Work Environments, Nurse Outcomes, and Quality of Care in ICUs
Authors: Liu Jiali , Zheng Jing , Liu Ke , You Liming 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The mechanism of how work environments affect nurse outcomes and quality of care has not been studied in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.

Purpose:
The purpose was to investigate the effects of work environment on nurse outcomes and quality of care in ICUs, through the mediating effects of nursing care left undone.

Methods:
This study used survey data from 459 nurses from 22 ICUs in 22 hospitals in China. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to analyze the relationships and the mediating effects.

Results:
Positive work environments were associated with lower nurse job dissatisfaction, less burnout, higher quality of care, and safer care. Adding nursing care left undone could reduce the effects of work environments, showing partial mediating effects of nursing care left undone.

Conclusions:
Cultivating supportive work environments serves as a strategy to reduce nursing care left undone, and to improve nurse outcomes and quality of care in ICUs.
Physical Activity for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Matthewman Gemma , Lee Alexandra , Kaur Jaidev G. , Daley Amanda J. 
Published: December 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;219(3):255.e1–255.e20)
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological condition of adolescence affecting 60% to 76% of adult menstruating women. The pain occurring with menses has no underlying pathology.
Enhancer priming enables fast and sustained transcriptional responses to Notch signaling
Authors: Falo-Sanjuan Julia , Lammers Nicholas C , Garcia Hernan G , Bray Sarah 
Published: December 2018

SummaryInformation from developmental signaling pathways must be accurately decoded to generate transcriptional outcomes. In the case of Notch, the intracellular domain (NICD) transduces the signal directly to the nucleus. How enhancers decipher NICD in the real time of developmental decisions is not known. Using the MS2/MCP system to visualize nascent transcripts in single cells inDrosophilaembryos we reveal how two target enhancers read Notch activity to produce synchronized and sustained profiles of transcription. By manipulating the levels of NICD and altering specific motifs within the enhancers we uncover two key principles. First, increased NICD levels alter transcription by increasing duration rather than frequency of transcriptional bursts. Second, priming of enhancers by tissue-specific transcription factors is required for NICD to confer synchronized and sustained activity; in their absence, transcription is stochastic and bursty. The dynamic response of an individual enhancer to NICD thus differs depending on the cellular context.
Marine protected areas enhance structural complexity but do not buffer the consequences of ocean warming for an overexploited precious coral
Authors: Montero‐Serra Ignasi , Garrabou Joaquim , Doak Daniel F. , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Linares Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Global warming and overexploitation both threaten the integrity and resilience of marine ecosystems. Many calls have been made to at least partially offset climate change impacts through local conservation management. However, a mechanistic understanding of the interactions of multiple stressors is generally lacking for habitat‐forming species; preventing the development of sound conservation strategies.

We examined the effectiveness of no‐take marine protected areas (MPAs) at enhancing structural complexity and resilience to climate change on populations of an overexploited and long‐lived octocoral. We used long‐term data over eight populations, subjected to varying levels of disturbances, and Integral Projection Models to understand how the overfishing and mass‐mortality events shape the stochastic dynamics of the Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum.

Marine protected areas largely reduced colony partial mortality (i.e. shrinkage), enhancing the structural complexity of coral populations. However, there were no significant differences in individual mortality or population growth rates between protected and exploited populations. In contrast, warming had detrimental consequences for the long‐term viability of red coral populations, driving steady declines and potential local extinctions due to sharp effects in survival rates. Stochastic demographic models revealed only a weak compensatory effect of MPAs on the impacts of warming.

Policy implications. Our results suggest that marine protected areas (MPAs) are an effective local conservation tool for enhancing the structural complexity of red coral populations. However, MPAs may not be enough to ensure red coral's persistence under future increases in thermal stress. Accordingly, conservation strategies aiming to ensure the persistence and functional role of red coral populations should include management actions at both local (well‐enforced MPAs) and global scales (reductions in greenhouse gas emissions). Finally, this study unravels the divergent demographic consequences that can arise from multiple stressors and highlights the key role of demography in better understanding and predicting the consequences of combined impacts for vulnerable ecosystems.
Young cohorts of Russians drink less: age–period–cohort modelling of alcohol use prevalence 1994–2016
Authors: Radaev Vadim , Roshchina Yana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsYoung Russians have been drinking less alcohol, and fewer strong spirits in particular, in recent years. This study aimed to disentangle age, period and birth cohort effects for the first time in Russia to improve our understanding of these trends.DesignAge, period and cohort analysis of annual nationally representative repeated cross‐sectional surveys [Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey– Higher School of Economics (RLMS‐HSE)] using separate logistic models for each gender.SettingRussia 1994–2016.ParticipantsA total of 195 234 respondents aged 14–85 years.MeasurementsAge (14 groups: 14‐17 to 76+ years), period (21 years: 1994–2016) and birth cohorts (17 groups: 1920–24 to 2000–02). Outcome measures were 30‐day overall and beverage‐specific alcohol use prevalence accounting for vodka, moonshine, beer and wine. Controls were per capita income, education, marital status, ethnicity, residence type and regional climate.FindingsControlling for age and period effects, the most recent cohorts had lower rates of participation than older cohorts. Findings were valid for females born in 1995–2002 (P = 0.000) and males born in 1990–94 (P = 0.002) and 1995–2002 (P = 0.000). The period effects were strong in 1994–2003 due to intensive substitution of beer in place of vodka. Period effects were also important in determining a decline of prevalence in 2008–15 due to restrictive alcohol policy. Age effects showed an inverse U‐shaped trend in both genders, except for moonshine and wine. Overall, drinking profiles were beverage‐specific. Models indicated diverse beverage‐specific effects of income, ethnicity, education, marital status and residence on the prevalence of alcohol use.ConclusionThe recent downward trend in alcohol use in Russia appears to be attributable to reduced participation rates among younger cohorts born after 1990.
NRAS Q61R and BRAF G466A mutations in atypical melanocytic lesions newly arising in advanced melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib
Authors: Parekh Vishwas , Sobanko Joseph , Miller Christopher J. , Karakousis Giorgos , Xu Wei , Letrero Richard , Elenitsas Rosalie , Xu Xiaowei , Elder David E. , Amaravadi Ravi , Schuchter Lynn M. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Wilson Melissa A. , Chu Emily Y. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundBRAF inhibition has improved overall survival in patients with BRAF mutant melanoma, but this is associated with a range of known and predictable cutaneous side effects, including squamous cell carcinomas associated with RAS mutations.MethodsWe identified three severely dysplastic nevi, one atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferation, and four melanoma in situ lesions, newly arising in four patients undergoing treatment with vemurafenib. To characterize mutations in these atypical melanocytic lesions, we used a custom iPlex panel detecting 74 mutations in 13 genes known to play a role in melanoma pathogenesis.ResultsWe identified an NRAS mutation at codon 61 (Q61R) and a rare BRAF exon 11 mutation (G466A) in atypical melanocytic lesions that arose in patients treated with vemurafenib.ConclusionThere appears to be development or accelerated growth of atypical melanocytic lesions in the setting of BRAF inhibition. Our results underscore the need for careful surveillance for melanocytic lesions in patients on BRAF inhibitor therapy and shed light on potential mechanisms for melanoma pathogenesis in the context of BRAF pathway blockade. Further studies are warranted to show a causal relationship.
A comparative effectiveness study of degludec and insulin glargine 300 U/mL in insulin‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tibaldi Joseph , Hadley‐Brown Martin , Liebl Andreas , Haldrup Steffen , Sandberg Viktor , Wolden Michael L. , Rodbard Helena W. 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo compare the real‐world effectiveness of insulin degludec (degludec) and glargine 300 units/mL (glargine U300) in insulin‐naïve adult patients with type 2 diabetes in routine US clinical practice.Materials and methodsCONFIRM is a non‐interventional comparative effectiveness study following US patients across the continuum of care, through electronic medical records from multiple health systems and integrated delivery networks. Propensity‐score matching controlled for confounding. The primary endpoint, change in HbA1c from baseline to 180 days of follow‐up, was estimated using a repeated‐measure of covariance analysis with subject as random effect. Change in the rate of hypoglycaemic episodes (defined using International Classification of Diseases codes 9/10) and change in proportion of patients with hypoglycaemia were estimated using negative binomial and logistic regression, respectively. Time‐to‐discontinuation of the initial basal insulin/initiation with another prescribed basal insulin was analysed using a Cox Proportional Hazard model.ResultsData concerning 4056 patients were analysed. After matching, baseline characteristics were comparable (n = 2028 in each group). After 180 days of follow‐up, degludec was associated with a larger reduction in HbA1c (estimated treatment difference, −0.27%; P = 0.03), greater reductions in change in rate (rate ratio, 0.70; P < 0.05) and greater reductions in change in the likelihood of hypoglycaemia (odds ratio, 0.64; P < 0.01]) compared with glargine U300. In addition, patients treated with degludec were 27% less likely to discontinue treatment at follow‐up compared with those treated with glargine U300 (hazard ratio, 0.73; P < 0.001).ConclusionsSignificantly improved HbA1c, larger reductions in rates and likelihood of hypoglycaemia and lower risk of treatment discontinuation were demonstrated with degludec vs glargine U300.
A versatile method for assessing pathogenicity of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus to ash foliage
Authors: Orton Elizabeth S. , Clarke Martha , Brasier Clive M. , Webber Joan F. , Brown James K. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe describe a method for inoculating rachises of Fraxinus excelsior (European or common ash) with Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which is faster than previous methods and allows associated foliar symptoms to be assessed on replicate leaves. A total of ten ash seedlings were inoculated with five isolates of H. fraxineus and lesion development assessed over four weeks. A five‐point disease progress scale of symptom development was developed from no lesion (0), lesion on rachis (1), “pre‐top dead,” with curling of distal leaflets and bending of the rachis (2), top dead, with wilting and death of distal leaflets (3) to leaf abscission (4). The method revealed variation in aggressiveness of H. fraxinus isolates and may be suitable for assessing the resistance of F. excelsior and other Fraxinus species to dieback. The in vitro growth rate of H. fraxineus isolates was highly correlated with both disease progress and the length of rachis lesions on susceptible plants, indicating that it can be used as a preliminary step in selecting isolates with high aggressiveness for use in resistance screening.
Role of host genetics and heat‐tolerant algal symbionts in sustaining populations of the endangered coral Orbicella faveolata in the Florida Keys with ocean warming
Authors: Manzello Derek P. , Matz Mikhail V. , Enochs Ian C. , Valentino Lauren , Carlton Renee D. , Kolodziej Graham , Serrano Xaymara , Towle Erica K. , Jankulak Mike 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIdentifying which factors lead to coral bleaching resistance is a priority given the global decline of coral reefs with ocean warming. During the second year of back‐to‐back bleaching events in the Florida Keys in 2014 and 2015, we characterized key environmental and biological factors associated with bleaching resilience in the threatened reef‐building coral Orbicella faveolata. Ten reefs (five inshore, five offshore, 179 corals total) were sampled during bleaching (September 2015) and recovery (May 2016). Corals were genotyped with 2bRAD and profiled for algal symbiont abundance and type. O. faveolata at the inshore sites, despite higher temperatures, demonstrated significantly higher bleaching resistance and better recovery compared to offshore. The thermotolerant Durusdinium trenchii (formerly Symbiondinium trenchii) was the dominant endosymbiont type region‐wide during initial (78.0% of corals sampled) and final (77.2%) sampling; >90% of the nonbleached corals were dominated by D. trenchii. 2bRAD host genotyping found no genetic structure among reefs, but inshore sites showed a high level of clonality. While none of the measured environmental parameters were correlated with bleaching, 71% of variation in bleaching resistance and 73% of variation in the proportion of D. trenchii was attributable to differences between genets, highlighting the leading role of genetics in shaping natural bleaching patterns. Notably, D. trenchii was rarely dominant in O. faveolata from the Florida Keys in previous studies, even during bleaching. The region‐wide high abundance of D. trenchii was likely driven by repeated bleaching associated with the two warmest years on record for the Florida Keys (2014 and 2015). On inshore reefs in the Upper Florida Keys, O. faveolata was most abundant, had the highest bleaching resistance, and contained the most corals dominated by D. trenchii, illustrating a causal link between heat tolerance and ecosystem resilience with global change.
A generalized parametric divisor method for political apportionment
Authors: Oyama Tatsuo , Hall Nicholas G. , Kobayashi Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe political apportionment problem has been studied for more than 200 years. In this paper, we introduce a generalized parametric divisor method (GPDM), which generalizes most of the classical and widely used apportionment methods from the literature as special cases. Moreover, it allows for very flexible interpolation between previous methods by appropriately setting two parameters in the GPDM. We identify an inequity measure that the GPDM globally optimizes. We also identify two natural inequity measures for which an apportionment given by the GPDM is locally optimal. These results generalize similar results for classical apportionment methods, and justify the use of a large class of new apportionment methods given by the GPDM. From this class, we identify and recommend specific new methods. Our numerical experiments compare the apportionments given by the new methods with those given by existing methods using real data for the United States, Germany, Canada, Australia, England, and Japan. Explicit definition of the GPDM has enabled us to perform computational experiments for evaluating the unbiasedness of the GPDM using two standard measures while comparing with other traditional methods. Based upon our generalization technique and numerical experiments, we show that the GPDM outperforms all the traditional apportionment methods by selecting appropriate parameter values. Thus, we can conclude that the GPDM is the most “unbiased” and fairer if parameters can be agreed ex ante, and the GPDM is applicable to actual electoral voting systems.
Predictors of mucosal healing during induction therapy in patients with acute moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Motobayashi Maiko , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Takenaka Kento , Fujii Toshimitsu , Nagahori Masakazu , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Iwamoto Fumihiko , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Negi Mariko , Eishi Yoshinobu , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe treat‐to‐target strategy has emerged in ulcerative colitis management. Mucosal healing is the best target, albeit not in induction therapy of acute diseases as clinical conditions vary over a short duration. To determine the targets during induction therapy for acute ulcerative colitis, we identified markers to predict mucosal healing at 3 and 12 months of initiating the induction therapy.MethodsThis single‐center prospective observational study enrolling 61 adult patients hospitalized for disease exacerbation collected the partial Mayo scores, ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity, fecal markers, and laboratory data (0 day, 2 weeks, and 3 and 12 months) of initiating induction therapy.ResultsAt 2 weeks, patients with mucosal healing at 3 months had had lower partial Mayo and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity scores and higher white blood cell count and total cholesterol than those without mucosal healing. At 3 months, patients with mucosal healing at 12 months had had lower partial Mayo and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity scores than those without mucosal healing. A kinetic analysis demonstrated a difference in the partial Mayo scores and total cholesterol and albumin levels at 2 weeks and in the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity, fecal calprotectin, and fecal immunochemical tests at 3 months between patients who achieved mucosal healing at 12 months and those who did not.ConclusionsPartial Mayo scores and total cholesterol levels act as short‐term therapeutic targets during induction therapy in patients with acute ulcerative colitis. Mucosal healing at 3 months correlates to longer time mucosal healing.
The potential of antagonistic moroccan Streptomyces isolates for the biological control of damping‐off disease of pea (Pisum sativum L.) caused by Aphanomyces euteiches
Authors: Oubaha Brahim , Nafis Ahmed , Baz Mohamed , Mauch Felix , Barakate Mustapha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThree hundred and fifty‐nine isolates of actinobacteria collected from different Moroccan soils were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, the causal agent of damping‐off of pea and other legumes. Eighty‐seven isolates (24%) had an inhibitory in vitro effect against A. euteiches. Fourteen bioactive isolates with the greatest inhibitory effect against A. euteiches and no inhibitory effect on plant beneficial rhizobia were tested for their ability to protect pea seeds and seedlings against the damping‐off disease using culture supernatants or spore suspensions as treatments. The two most protective isolates, OB21 and BA15, significantly reduced, compared to untreated control plants, damping‐off by 33% and 47%, respectively. The two bioactive isolates were classified as species of the genus Streptomyces based on 16S rDNA analysis and morphological and chemical characteristics.
The effect of inulin supply to high‐fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids on pork quality and profile of sarcoplasmic protein in meat exudate
Authors: Przybylski Wiesław , Jaworska Danuta , Sałek Piotr , Sobol Monika , Branicki Maciej , Skiba Grzegorz , Raj Stanisława , Jankiewicz Urszula 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of inulin supply to high‐fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) on pork quality and profile of sarcoplasmic protein in drip loss. At 50 days of age, twenty cross‐bred pigs (gilts) were randomly allotted to four groups: the control (C) group fed a standard diet, and three experimental (D1, D2 and D3) groups fed a high‐fat diet rich in SFA. Moreover, pigs from the groups D2 and D3 consumed an extra inulin supply (7% of daily feed intake) from 85 to 120 days of age (for 5 weeks) and from 50 to 120 days of age (for 10 weeks) respectively. The addition of inulin to the diet reduced meaty odour and flavour significantly, improved tenderness and overall sensory quality of pork and additionally influenced ultimate pH, L* colour parameter, lactate level and protein content in meat. The diets also affected the profile of sarcoplasmic proteins. Significant effects were observed for the following enzymes—PK/PGI (pyruvate kinase/phosphoglucose isomerase) and ALD (aldolase), which are related to the intensity of post‐mortem glycolysis. Presented data indicate that long‐term inulin supply to high‐fat diet has a positive effect on technological and sensory quality as well as protein profile of pork.
Further Evidence that Social Interaction Reduces Conditioned Taste Aversions in Mice
Authors: Hishimura Yutaka 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSocial interactions with other conspecifics affect food selection in mammals. A previous study suggested that male mice attenuate conditioned taste aversion (CTA) by lithium chloride after interacting with an unfamiliar male conspecific. The present study was designed to (a) examine whether interactions with a familiar conspecific would attenuate CTA and (b) investigate sex differences in the social attenuation of CTA in mice. Results indicated that interacting with a familiar conspecific of the same sex following poisoning attenuated conditioned taste aversions only in male mice. The results suggest that the familiarity of conspecifics was not a critical factor in the social attenuation of CTA. Discrepancies between present and previous findings are discussed.