bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Value of Animals and Humans
Authors: Bernstein Mark H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReceived opinion attributes greater value to the lives of humans than to the lives of (nonhuman) animals. Arguably, this conviction allows the continuation of the institutions of factory farming, hunting, and animal experimentation. After all, if we believe that the value of animal lives is at least equal to the value of human lives, we would presumably be quick to renounce and abolish these activities. My aim is to show that we have no good reason to sustain our common belief in the hierarchy of value concerning animal lives.
Surgical Pathology “Boot Camp”: A Military Experience
Authors: Smith Nathaniel E. , Collins Ryan , Hall Jordan 
Published: March 2019

Context.—A common concern in pathology residency training is the variability with which incoming trainees have attained basic pathology competencies during undergraduate medical education. While multifactorial deficiencies are likely due to recent de-emphasis of dedicated pathology courses during preclinical training, accelerating the transition from medical student to pathology resident is critical—particularly in military practice where a greater degree of autonomy is required of recent graduates.Objective.—To describe the implementation and results of a 4-week surgical pathology “boot camp” in the largest military pathology residency program in the United States.Design.—Interns were administered an assessment on basic pathology knowledge, slide practicals, and a skills self-assessment. All specimens were grossed by interns with constant direct supervision. A daily microscopic didactic session was given by an upper level resident and a daily gross conference was led by the interns. Subsequent academic performance was evaluated via monthly slide practicals and diagnostic agreement with faculty.Results.—Following boot camp, average scores on the knowledge assessment increased from 36.0% ± 16.2% (standard deviation [SD]) to 80.0% ± 12.6% (SD) (P &lt; .001). Slide practical scores showed an increase from 32% ± 12.0% (SD) to 74.0% ± 16.2% (SD) (P &lt; .001). Skills self-assessment showed a global increase across all measures. Throughout the following academic year, postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residents performed at the same level of current PGY2 residents, based on surgical pathology faculty diagnostic agreement and slide practical performance.Conclusions.—An intense 4-week surgical pathology rotation specifically tailored to incoming interns was successful in transitioning medical students to pathology residents within a relatively short time.
Juger les plus hauts responsables pour crimes sexuels à la Cour pénale internationale : l’utilité de la responsabilité par omission à la lumière de la décision de la chambre de première instance dans l’affaire Bemba
Authors: Bienvenu Haba Moussa , Lafontaine Fannie 
Published: March 2019

Cet article analyse de façon générale l’interaction entre les modes de responsabilité et la répression des crimes sexuels à la Cour pénale internationale (CPI). Plus précisément, il tente de montrer les difficultés inhérentes à l’établissement de la responsabilité pénale des hauts responsables (hauts dirigeants politiques et militaires) pour des crimes sexuels en vertu des modes d’action prévus à l’article 25 (3) du Statut de Rome de la CPI, principalement la coaction et la complicité résiduelle de l’article 25 (3) (d). De l’expérience de la CPI, la satisfaction des critères objectifs et subjectifs exigeants de ces modes d’action a souvent constitué un goulot d’étranglement pour la répression effective des crimes sexuels. Partant, à la lumière de la décision de la Chambre de première instance dans l’affaire Bemba, la présente contribution met en exergue le rôle que peut jouer la responsabilité du supérieur hiérarchique pour établir la culpabilité des plus hauts responsables qui sont dans le collimateur de la Cour.
Instrument-Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization for the Management of Chronic Plantar Heel Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jones Edward R. , Finley Margaret A. , Fruth Stacie J. , McPoil Thomas G. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine feasibility of further investigation of treatment with instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM), using the Graston technique, compared with conservative care for treatment of chronic plantar heel pain (CPHP).

Methods:
Eleven participants with plantar heel pain lasting 6 weeks to 1 year were randomly assigned to one of two groups, with each group receiving up to eight physical therapy visits. Both groups received the same stretching, exercise, and home program, but the experimental group also received IASTM using the Graston technique. Outcome measures of pain and function were recorded at baseline, after final treatment, and 90 days later. Feasibility of a larger study was determined considering recruitment and retention rates, compliance, successful application of the protocol and estimates of the treatment effect.

Results:
Both groups demonstrated improvements in current pain (pain at time of survey), pain with the first step in the morning, and function after final treatment and at 90-day follow up. Medium-to-large effect sizes between groups were noted, and sample size estimates demonstrated a need for at least 42 participants to realize a group difference. A larger-scale study was determined to be feasible with modifications including a larger sample size and higher recruitment rate.

Conclusions:
This pilot study demonstrates that inclusion of IASTM using the Graston technique for CPHP lasting longer than 6 weeks is a feasible intervention warranting further study. Clinically important changes in the IASTM group and moderate-to-large between-group effect sizes suggest that further research is warranted to determine whether these trends are meaningful.
Old wild wolves: ancient DNA survey unveils population dynamics in Late Pleistocene and Holocene Italian remains
Authors: Ciucani Marta Maria , Palumbo Davide , Galaverni Marco , Serventi Patrizia , Fabbri Elena , Ravegnini Gloria , Angelini Sabrina , Maini Elena , Persico Davide , Caniglia Romolo , Cilli Elisabetta 
Published: March 2019

Background
The contemporary Italian wolf (Canis lupus italicus) represents a case of morphological and genetic uniqueness. Today, Italian wolves are also the only documented population to fall exclusively within the mitochondrial haplogroup 2, which was the most diffused across Eurasian and North American wolves during the Late Pleistocene. However, the dynamics leading to such distinctiveness are still debated.

Methods
In order to shed light on the ancient genetic variability of this wolf population and on the origin of its current diversity, we collected 19 Late Pleistocene-Holocene samples from northern Italy, which we analyzed at a short portion of the hypervariable region 1 of the mitochondrial DNA, highly informative for wolf and dog phylogenetic analyses.

Results
Four out of the six detected haplotypes matched the ones found in ancient wolves from northern Europe and Beringia, or in modern European and Chinese wolves, and appeared closely related to the two haplotypes currently found in Italian wolves. The haplotype of two Late Pleistocene samples matched with primitive and contemporary dog sequences from the canine mitochondrial clade A. All these haplotypes belonged to haplogroup 2. The only exception was a Holocene sample dated 3,250 years ago, affiliated to haplogroup 1.

Discussion
In this study we describe the genetic variability of the most ancient wolf specimens from Italy analyzed so far, providing a preliminary overview of the genetic make-up of the population that inhabited this area from the last glacial maximum to the Middle Age period. Our results endorsed that the genetic diversity carried by the Pleistocene wolves here analyzed showed a strong continuity with other northern Eurasian wolf specimens from the same chronological period. Contrarily, the Holocene samples showed a greater similarity only with modern sequences from Europe and Asia, and the occurrence of an haplogroup 1 haplotype allowed to date back previous finding about its presence in this area. Moreover, the unexpected discovery of a 24,700-year-old sample carrying a haplotype that, from the fragment here obtained, falls within the canine clade A, could represent the oldest evidence in Europe of such dog-rich clade. All these findings suggest complex population dynamics that deserve to be further investigated based on mitochondrial or whole genome sequencing.
Pixel: a content management platform for quantitative omics data
Authors: Denecker Thomas , Durand William , Maupetit Julien , Hébert Charles , Camadro Jean-Michel , Poulain Pierre , Lelandais Gaëlle 
Published: March 2019

Background
In biology, high-throughput experimental technologies, also referred as “omics” technologies, are increasingly used in research laboratories. Several thousands of gene expression measurements can be obtained in a single experiment. Researchers are routinely facing the challenge to annotate, store, explore and mine all the biological information they have at their disposal. We present here the Pixel web application (Pixel Web App), an original content management platform to help people involved in a multi-omics biological project.

Methods
The Pixel Web App is built with open source technologies and hosted on the collaborative development platform GitHub (https://github.com/Candihub/pixel). It is written in Python using the Django framework and stores all the data in a PostgreSQL database. It is developed in the open and licensed under the BSD 3-clause license. The Pixel Web App is also heavily tested with both unit and functional tests, a strong code coverage and continuous integration provided by CircleCI. To ease the development and the deployment of the Pixel Web App, Docker and Docker Compose are used to bundle the application as well as its dependencies.

Results
The Pixel Web App offers researchers an intuitive way to annotate, store, explore and mine their multi-omics results. It can be installed on a personal computer or on a server to fit the needs of many users. In addition, anyone can enhance the application to better suit their needs, either by contributing directly on GitHub (encouraged) or by extending Pixel on their own. The Pixel Web App does not provide any computational programs to analyze the data. Still, it helps to rapidly explore and mine existing results and holds a strategic position in the management of research data.
Do Visual and Haptic Cues Affect Taste?
Authors: Chen Fang-Ping , Chen Hsiang , Hou Hsiao-Chi , Fang Wenchang 
Published: March 2019

Previous studies have found that touch input influences customer attitudes and behavior; however, most research in this area has focused on diagnostic rather than nondiagnostic input. The concept is that the perceptual transfer of haptic cues is from the product container to evaluation of the product itself. Two studies were conducted. The study1 (75 participants) tested whether high- or low-autotelic NFT consumers tended to incorporate haptic cues into their product evaluations. The study2 (153 participants) examined whether haptic cues influenced taste effects through the moderating role of the visual cues. In addition, this study also examined the moderating role of visual cues with 2 languages (Japanese and Chinese) in product packaging. The analysis was conducted using ANOVA. The experimental findings suggest that haptic and visual cues affect quality evaluations, brand attitudes, and purchase intentions. In addition, visual cues and the autotelic need for touch moderate the relationship among haptic cues, quality evaluations, and brand attitudes. The results have implications for product and packaging designers, not only regarding material attributes but also on the visual presentation of products.

Keywords: Visual cues, Autotelic need for touch, Brand attitudes, Purchase intentions, Quality evaluation.

To cite this document: Mehmet Fang-Ping Chen, Hsiang Chen, Hsiao-Chi Hou, Wenchang Fang, " Do Visual and Haptic Cues Affect Taste?", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.15, No.1, pp.25-51, 2019.

Permanent link to this document:
https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18814
Asset Ownership and Welfare Deprivation of Women in Rural Nigeria: A Bi-Causal Relationship
Authors: Oladokun Yetunde Olasimbo Mary , Adenegan Kemisola Omorinre 
Published: March 2019

Women are an important segment of the human population and appropriate investment in their welfare would be of great benefit to the individual, household, and community levels. There has been an increasing incidence of welfare deprivation among women in rural Nigeria. However, information on the link between asset ownership and welfare deprivation of women in rural Nigeria is scanty. Thus, the relationship between the level of asset ownership and welfare deprivation of women in rural Nigeria was investigated. Data on 18,869 women living in rural Nigeria were sourced from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, composite score analysis, fuzzy analysis and Instrumental Variable(IV) Tobit Regression at α0.05. A higher proportion of the rural women-owned physical assets such as mobile phone (68.7%) and radio (63.5%), while only 5.9% owned natural asset (land). Women in low-LAO, intermediate-LAO and high-LAO were 20.3%, 63.8% and 15.9%, respectively. Level of asset ownership (β=-0.31), age (β=-0.01), being a widow (β=0.04), being a female household head (β=-0.08), and Geo-Political Zone (North-East, β=0.04; South-East, β=-0.05; South-West, β=-0.07) explained welfare deprivation of women. A unit increase in the level of asset ownership led to 30.8% decrease in welfare deprivation. An increase in the level of asset ownership decreased welfare deprivation. Asset ownership had a positive influence on women’s welfare deprivation.
A small‐gain approach for adaptive output‐feedback NN control of switched pure‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Si Tian , Long Lijun 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of adaptive output‐feedback neural network (NN) control for a class of switched pure‐feedback uncertain nonlinear systems. A switched observer is first constructed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Next, with the help of an NN to approximate the unknown nonlinear terms, a switched small‐gain technique‐based adaptive output‐feedback NN control scheme is developed by exploiting the backstepping recursive design scheme, input‐to‐state stability analysis, the common Lyapunov function method, and the average dwell time (ADT) method. In the recursive design, the difficulty of constructing an overall Lyapunov function for the switched closed‐loop system is dealt with by decomposing the switched closed‐loop system into two interconnected switched systems and constructing two Lyapunov functions for two interconnected switched systems, respectively. The proposed controllers for individual subsystems guarantee that all signals in the closed‐loop system are semiglobally, uniformly, and ultimately bounded under a class of switching signals with ADT, and finally, two examples illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results, which include a switched RLC circuit system.
Humidity‐Resistive Triboelectric Nanogenerator Fabricated Using Metal Organic Framework Composite
Authors: Wen Rongmei , Guo Junmeng , Yu Aifang , Zhai Junyi , Wang Zhong lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith its light weight, low cost, and high efficiency, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is considered a sustainable and renewable energy source for self‐powered or mobile electronics. However, the performance of TENG is seriously affected by humid environment. Here, for the first time, TENG with improved performance under high humidity is obtained by adding HKUST‐1 (Cu3(BTC)2, (BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate or trimesate)) to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. At 10% relative humidity (RH), an effective power (3.17 mW) of the composite TENG based on 5 wt% HKUST‐1 is obtained at a load resistance of 10 MΩ, which is 13 times higher than that of the TENG based on pure PDMS. More importantly, the performance of composite TENG remains constant or becomes higher even under high humidity, while that of conventional TENG dramatically decreases at the same condition. The excellent humidity‐resistive performance comes from the remarkably enhanced electron‐trapping capacity and dielectric constant due to the absorption of HKUST‐1 to water molecules. This work not only demonstrates that a metal organic framework is an effective filler to improve the performance of TENG but also provides a novel strategy to obtain high output properties under highly humid environments by increasing the electron‐trapping capacity and dielectric constant.
Mechanically Defined Microenvironment Promotes Stabilization of Microvasculature, Which Correlates with the Enrichment of a Novel Piezo‐1+Population of Circulating CD11b+/CD115+Monocytes
Authors: Forget Aurelien , Gianni‐Barrera Roberto , Uccelli Andrea , Sarem Melika , Kohler Esther , Fogli Barbara , Muraro Manuele G. , Bichet Sandrine , Aumann Konrad , Banfi Andrea , Shastri V. Prasad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVascularization is a critical step in the restoration of cellular homeostasis. Several strategies including localized growth factor delivery, endothelial progenitor cells, genetically engineered cells, gene therapy, and prevascularized implants have been explored to promote revascularization. But, long‐term stabilization of newly induced vessels remains a challenge. It has been shown that fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells can stabilize newly induced vessels. However, whether an injected biomaterial alone can serve as an instructive environment for angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. It is reported here that appropriate vascular branching, and long‐term stabilization can be promoted simply by implanting a hydrogel with stiffness matching that of fibrin clot. A unique subpopulation of circulating CD11b+myeloid and CD11b+/CD115+monocytes that express the stretch activated cation channel Piezo‐1, which is enriched prominently in the clot‐like hydrogel, is identified. These findings offer evidence for a mechanobiology paradigm in angiogenesis involving an interplay between mechanosensitive circulating cells and mechanics of tissue microenvironment.
Photothermal Therapy Promotes Tumor Infiltration and Antitumor Activity of CAR T Cells
Authors: Chen Qian , Hu Quanyin , Dukhovlinova Elena , Chen Guojun , Ahn Sarah , Wang Chao , Ogunnaike Edikan A. , Ligler Frances S. , Dotti Gianpietro , Gu Zhen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐redirected T lymphocytes (CAR T cells) show modest therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors. The desmoplastic structure of the tumor and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment usually account for the reduced efficacy of CAR T cells in solid tumors. Mild hyperthermia of the tumor reduces its compact structure and interstitial fluid pressure, increases blood perfusion, releases antigens, and promotes the recruitment of endogenous immune cells. Therefore, the combination of mild hyperthermia with the adoptive transfer of CAR T cells can potentially increase the therapeutic index of these cells in solid tumors. It is found that the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan‐4 (CSPG4)‐specific CAR T cells infused in Nod scid gamma mice engrafted with the human melanoma WM115 cell line have superior antitumor activity after photothermal ablation of the tumor. The findings suggest that photothermal therapy facilitates the accumulation and effector function of CAR T cells within solid tumors.
Stimulus‐Responsive Regulation of Enzyme Activity for One‐Step and Multi‐Step Syntheses
Authors: Claaßen Christiane , Gerlach Tim , Rother Dörte 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMulti‐step biocatalytic reactions have gained increasing importance in recent years because the combination of different enzymes enables the synthesis of a broad variety of industrially relevant products. However, the more enzymes combined, the more crucial it is to avoid cross‐reactivity in these cascade reactions and thus achieve high product yields and high purities. The selective control of enzyme activity, i.e., remote on‐/off‐switching of enzymes, might be a suitable tool to avoid the formation of unwanted by‐products in multi‐enzyme reactions. This review compiles a range of methods that are known to modulate enzyme activity in a stimulus‐responsive manner. It focuses predominantly on in vitro systems and is subdivided into reversible and irreversible enzyme activity control. Furthermore, a discussion section provides indications as to which factors should be considered when designing and choosing activity control systems for biocatalysis. Finally, an outlook is given regarding the future prospects of the field.magnified image
Reaction of Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐Ones with Methylenecyclopropanes via Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Zhu You‐Quan , Niu Yun‐Xia , Hui Li‐Wen , He Jing‐Li , Zhu Kun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a Rh(III)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dienylation of isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones through C−H activation. The present reaction enables the preparation of 3‐(buta‐1,3‐dien‐2‐yl)isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones through the direct cross‐coupling reaction of readily available isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones with methylenecyclopropanes, while tolerating many sensitive functional groups. Therefore, this method provides an efficient and convenient approach for modification of interesting molecules.magnified image
TLR1/2 Specific Small‐Molecule Agonist Suppresses Leukemia Cancer Cell Growth by Stimulating Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Cen Xiaohong , Zhu Gengzhen , Yang Junjie , Yang Jianjun , Guo Jiayin , Jin Jiabing , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Yang Wei , Yin Hang , Liu Shuwen , Cheng Kui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractToll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) expressed on antigen presenting cells evokes a series of critical cytokines, which favor the development of tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Therefore, TLR2 represents an attractive cancer immunotherapeutic target. Here, a synthetic library of 14 000 compounds together with a series of newly developed compounds for NF‐κB activation using HEK‐Blue hTLR2 cells is initially screened. Following further screening in a variety of cells including HEK‐Blue hTLRs reporter cells, murine, and human macrophage cell lines, a potent small molecule agonist 23 (SMU‐Z1) is identified, which specifically activates TLR2 through its association with TLR1, with a EC50of 4.88 ± 0.79 × 10−9m. Toxicology studies, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and nitric oxide) and target‐protein based biophysical assays demonstrate the pharmacologically relevant characteristics of SMU‐Z1. In addition, SMU‐Z1 promotes murine splenocyte proliferation and upregulates the expression of CD8+T cells, NK cells and DCs, which results in a significant antitumor effect in a murine leukemia model. Finally, the induced tumors in three out of seven mice disappear after administration of SMU‐Z1. Our studies thus identify a novel and potent TLR1/2 small molecule agonist, which displays promising immune adjuvant properties and antitumor immunity.