bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holistic approach to sustainability of bridges
Authors: Popa Nicoleta , Charlier Marion , Tibolt Mike , Rademacher Dennis , Ryjáček Pavel , Jehlicka Petr , Wald František , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Pascual Ana M. , Martins Nuno , Orcesi André , Rigueiro Constança , Seyoum Lemma Melaku , da Silva Luis Simões 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBridges are of vital importance for the European infrastructure network. Due to their significance in the political economy, the requirement for sustainable, meaning highly advanced, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly and long‐lived structures is outstanding. Therefore steel composite road bridges were analysed in the Sustainable Steel‐Composite Bridges in Built Environment RFCS project (SBRI) by means of a holistic approach combining Lifecycle Assessment, Lifecycle Costs and Lifecycle Performance analyses to promote steel in the bridge construction. The partners of the project were the Institute of Structural Design Universität Stuttgart, Universidade Coimbra, Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l'aménagement et des réseaux, BRISA Engenharia e Gestão SA and ArcelorMittal.The paper presents a holistic approach to steel and concrete composite bridges by combining analyses of their environmental, economic and functional qualities. The idea of sustainable design is implemented by the project SBRI+ to increase the acceptance of this new way of sustainable thinking, especially among bridge owners and planners. The project includes the SBRI tool which provides designers and authorities with a tool for the evaluation and comparison of the sustainability of different bridge types in the early stages of design, implementing a holistic lifecycle analysis methodology. This helps to select the best option by considering the pros and cons of each alternative in the entire lifespan of the bridge (i.e. construction, operation and end‐of‐life stages) as opposed to the simple comparison of initial construction costs.
Loads on and strengths of amusement rides
Authors: Rohde Matthias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAll over the world the amusement ride industry is growing steady and all manufactures deliver their products all over the world. This requires a harmonized philosophy of the standards. Today most of the rides are designed to the American Standards of ASTM (F2291‐2017) or the European Standard EN 13814. The new revision of EN 13814 passed the formal vote of European members in April 2018. Both committees work close together and the new EN 13814 is in the most important parts harmonized with ASTM F2291.This article covers the ongoing discussion of passenger weights, wind loads and partial safety factors. Portable rides especially, set up at various locations; need a clear guideline for the design for in‐service and out‐of‐service winds. The study gives proposal wind assumptions, but is necessary to draft guidelines defining when the operator should stop the ride. In mountainous and coastal areas especially, the wind may build up faster than in urban agglomerations, and the ride must be stopped earlier.Use of the fatigue calculation along with the Eurocode and ASTM philosophy with FKM is already common practice and is now defined as an applicable design basis in both standards.
Prevalence of pre-stroke depression and its association with post-stroke depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taylor-Rowan Martin , Momoh Oyiza , Ayerbe Luis , Evans Jonathan J. , Stott David J. , Quinn Terence J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common post-stroke complication. Pre-stroke depression may be an important contributor, however the epidemiology of pre-stroke depression is poorly understood. Using systematic review and meta-analysis, we described the prevalence of pre-stroke depression and its association with post-stroke depression.MethodsWe searched multiple cross-disciplinary databases from inception to July 2017 and extracted data on the prevalence of pre-stroke depression and its association with post-stroke depression. We assessed the risk of bias (RoB) using validated tools. We described summary estimates of prevalence and summary odds ratio (OR) for association with post-stroke depression, using random-effects models. We performed subgroup analysis describing the effect of depression assessment method. We used a funnel plot to describe potential publication bias. The strength of evidence presented in this review was summarised via ‘GRADE’.ResultsOf 11 884 studies identified, 29 were included (total participantsn= 164 993). Pre-stroke depression pooled prevalence was 11.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.2–14.7]; range: 0.4–24% (I295.8). Prevalence of pre-stroke depression varied by assessment method (p= 0.02) with clinical interview suggesting greater pre-stroke depression prevalence (~17%) than case-note review (9%) or self-report (11%). Pre-stroke depression was associated with increased odds of post-stroke depression; summary OR 3.0 (95% CI 2.3–4.0). All studies were judged to be at RoB: 59% of included studies had an uncertain RoB in stroke assessment; 83% had high or uncertain RoB for pre-stroke depression assessment. Funnel plot indicated no risk of publication bias. The strength of evidence based on GRADE was ‘very low’.ConclusionsOne in six stroke patients have had pre-stroke depression. Reported rates may be routinely underestimated due to limitations around assessment. Pre-stroke depression significantly increases odds of post-stroke depression.Protocol identifierPROSPERO identifier: CRD42017065544
Traumatic event exposure associated with increased food insecurity and eating disorder pathology
Authors: Becker Carolyn Black , Middlemass Keesha , Johnson Clara , Taylor Brigitte , Gomez Francesca , Sutherland Autumn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to investigate the association between food insecurity (FI) and eating disorders, which are nutrition-based public health problems, with traumatic event exposure in a low-income marginalized population. The study also investigated the association between traumatic event exposure, anxiety and weight stigma.DesignThe study used self-report surveys in a cross-sectional design.SettingFood pantries affiliated with the local food bank in a major US city.SubjectsParticipants (n 503) consisted of clients presenting to food pantries. Participants were predominantly female (76·5 %), Latino/Hispanic (64·6 %) and low-income (59 % reported earning under $US 10 000 per year).ResultsResults indicated that 55·7 % of participants had directly experienced a traumatic event; this increased to 61·6 % when witnessing was included. Higher levels of FI were associated with greater traumatic event exposure. Increased exposure to traumatic events correlated with worsened overall eating disorder pathology (r=−0·239), weight stigma (r=−0·151) and anxiety (r=−0·210).ConclusionsThe present study is the first to investigate the association of FI, eating disorders and trauma in a low-income marginalized population. Results indicate that exposure to traumatic events is common in this civilian population and that traumatic event exposure is associated with higher levels of FI and eating disorder pathology. Results indicate that further research is warranted given that traumatic event exposure, eating disorder pathology, weight stigma and anxiety may complicate effective delivery of public health interventions in those living with FI.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans – the impact of radiation therapy: a single institution series
Authors: Sebastian Patricia , Siddique Sharief K. , Varghese Sunitha Susan , Prabhu Anne Jennifer , Titus V. T. K. , Backianathan Selvamani , Nayak Sukriya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive intermediate malignancy.ObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective analysis is to determine the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) in local control of DFSP.Patients and methodsThe recurrence-free survival (RFS) for 45 patients treated for DFSP at our institution was estimated and compared between surgery alone and postoperative RT groups.ResultsAge range of the patients were in the third and fourth decades; males:females=2:1; most common site: anterior abdominal wall; tumours >5 cm in size in 75%; low grade in 77·8%; margins positive in 31·8% and <5 mm margins in 45·5%. Two-thirds of patients had at least one recurrence before presentation to our institution. RT dose was >50 Gy in 88% of patients. The patients treated with postoperative RT had poorer prognostic factors compared with surgery alone: they were males (17 versus 13 patients), and presented with high-grade tumours (5 versus 1 patients), multiple recurrences prior to presentation (25 versus 20 patients) and positive or <5 mm margins (22 versus 12 patients). Median follow-up for surgery alone group was 17 (1–152) months and for postoperative RT group, this was 54 (5–121) months. RFS at 5 years was 77·1% for surgery alone and 87·9% for postoperative RT group but was not statistically significant. The median time to recurrence was 4 years.ConclusionRT delays the time to recurrence in DFSP. RT improves the outcome of DFSP for recurrent tumours and with positive margins.
Peripubertal stress increases play fighting at adolescence and modulates nucleus accumbens CB1 receptor expression and mitochondrial function in the amygdala
Authors: Papilloud Aurélie , Guillot de Suduiraut Isabelle , Zanoletti Olivia , Grosse Jocelyn , Sandi Carmen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPlay fighting is a highly rewarding behavior that helps individuals to develop social skills. Early-life stress has been shown to alter play fighting in rats and hamsters as well as to increase aggressive behaviors at adulthood. However, it is not known whether individual differences in stress-induced play fighting are related to differential developmental trajectories towards adult aggression. To address this question, we used a rat model of peripubertal stress (PPS)-induced psychopathology that involves increased aggression at adulthood. We report that, indeed, PPS leads to enhanced play fighting at adolescence. Using a stratification approach, we identify individuals with heightened levels of play fighting as the ones that show abnormal forms of aggression at adulthood. These animals showed as well a rapid habituation of their corticosterone responsiveness to repeated stressor exposure at peripuberty. They also showed a striking increase in mitochondrial function in the amygdala—but not nucleus accumbens—when tested ex vivo. Conversely, low, but not high players, displayed increased expression of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the nucleus accumbens shell. Our results highlight adolescence as a potential critical period in which aberrant play fighting is linked to the emergence of adult aggression. They also point at brain energy metabolism during adolescence as a possible target to prevent adult aggression.
Distribution of living coccolithophores in eastern Indian Ocean during spring intermonsoon
Authors: Liu Haijiao , Sun Jun , Wang Dongxiao , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Cuixia , Song Shuqun , Thangaraj Satheeswaran 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe studied the biodiversity of autotrophic calcareous coccolithophore assemblages at 30 locations in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO) (80°–94°E, 6°N–5°S) and evaluated the importance of regional hydrology. We documented 26 species based on the identification of coccospheres and coccoliths, respectively. The coccolithophore community was dominated byGephyrocapsa oceanica,Emiliania huxleyi,Florisphaera profunda,Umbilicosphaera sibogae, andHelicosphaera carteri. The abundance of coccoliths and coccospheres ranged from 0.2 × 103to 160 × 103coccoliths l−1and 0.2 × 103to 68 × 103cells l−1, averaged 23 × 103coccoliths l−1and 9.4 × 103cells l−1, respectively. Biogenic PIC, POC, and rain ratio mean values were 0.50 μgC l−1, 1.047 μgC l−1, and 0.10 respectively. High abundances of both coccoliths and coccospheres in the surface ocean layer occurred on the north of the equator. Vertically, the great majority of coccoliths and coccospheres were concentrated in water taken from depths of <75 m. The ratios between the number of coccospheres and free coccoliths indicated that coccoliths experience different levels of dissolution when transported to deep water. Abundant coccolithophores mainly occurred at the west of 90°E, which is in accordance with the presence of Wyrtki jets. Patterns of coccolithosphores and of coccoliths have been reflected in hydrological processes.
Limited contribution of health behaviours to expanding income-related chronic disease disparities based on a nationwide cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wang Qing , Shen Jay J. , Frakes Kaitlyn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study estimated the association of income and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hypertension, and then quantified the contribution of health behaviors to the association in China. Using the 2013 survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a logit model was applied to examine income-related health disparities in relation to CVD and hypertension. A four-step regression method was then constructed to measure the role of health behaviors in income-related health disparities. Using indirect effects, mediation by health behaviors was examined. Income-related health disparities in chronic diseases were found to exist in China. Specifically, individuals in the high-income group had a 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.73–1.02) and 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.76–0.97) lower odds of suffering from CVD and hypertension than those in the low-income group. However, limited evidence shows this association was mediated by health behaviors. The Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), heavy drinking, irregular eating, and nap time did not significantly mediate the association of income and prevalence of CVD and hypertension. To curb the rising prevalence of CVD and hypertension in China, policies should focus on the low-income subpopulation. However, healthy behaviors interventions targeting smoking, heavy drinking, unhealthy napping and irregular eating habits among low-income people may be ineffective in reduction of income-related disparities in prevalence of CVD and hypertension.
mRNA-specific translation regulation by a ribosome-associated ncRNA in Haloferax volcanii
Authors: Wyss Leander , Waser Melanie , Gebetsberger Jennifer , Zywicki Marek , Polacek Norbert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRegulation of gene expression at the translational level allows rapid adaptation of cellular proteomes to quickly changing environmental conditions and is thus central for prokaryotic organisms. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) have been reported to effectively orchestrate translation control in bacteria and archaea mainly by targeting mRNAs by partial base complementarity. Here we report an unprecedented mechanism how sRNAs are capable of modulating protein biosynthesis in the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii. By analyzing the ribosome-associated ncRNAs (rancRNAs) under different stress conditions we identified an intergenic sRNA, termed rancRNA_s194, that is primarily expressed during exponential growth under all tested conditions. By interaction with the ribosome rancRNA_s194 inhibits peptide bond formation and protein synthesis in vitro but appears to target a specific mRNA in vivo. The respective knock-out strain shows a reduced lag phase in media containing xylose as sole carbon source and outcompetes the wildtype cells under these conditions. Mass spectrometry, polysome profiling and mRNA binding competition experiments suggest that rancRNA_s194 prevents the cstA mRNA from being efficiently translated by H. volcanii ribosomes. These findings enlarge the regulatory repertoire of archaeal sRNAs in modulating post-transcriptional gene expression.
Sexual dimorphism in Drosophila melanogaster survival of Beauveria bassiana infection depends on core immune signaling
Authors: Shahrestani Parvin , Chambers Moria , Vandenberg John , Garcia Kelly , Malaret Glen , Chowdhury Pratik , Estrella Yonathan , Zhu Ming , Lazzaro Brian P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn many animal species, females and males differ in physiology, lifespan, and immune function. The magnitude and direction of the sexual dimorphism in immune function varies greatly and the genetic and mechanistic bases for this dimorphism are often unknown. Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster females are more likely than males to die from infection with several strains of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. The sexual dimorphism is not exclusively due to barrier defenses and persists when flies are inoculated by injection as well as by surface exposure. Loss of function mutations of Toll pathway genes remove the dimorphism in survivorship. Surprisingly, loss of function mutation of relish, a gene in the Imd pathway, also removes the dimorphism, but the dimorphism persists in flies carrying other Imd pathway mutations. The robust sexual dimorphism in D. melanogaster survival to B. bassiana presents opportunities to further dissect its mechanistic details, with applications for biological control of insect vectors of human disease and insect crop pests.
Visuomotor Prediction Errors Modulate EEG Activity Over Parietal Cortex
Authors: Savoie F.-A. , Thénault F. , Whittingstall K. , Bernier P.-M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe parietal cortex is thought to be involved in visuomotor adaptation, yet it remains unclear whether it is specifically modulated by visuomotor prediction errors (i.e. PEs; mismatch between the predicted and actual visual consequences of the movement). One reason for this is that PEs tend to be associated with task errors, as well as changes in motor output and visual input, making them difficult to isolate. Here this issue is addressed using electroencephalography. A strategy (STR) condition, in which participants were instructed on how to counter a 45° visuomotor rotation, was compared to a condition in which participants had adapted to the rotation (POST). Both conditions were matched for task errors and movement kinematics, with the only difference being the presence of PEs in STR. Results revealed strong parietal modulations in current source density and low theta (2–4 Hz) power shortly after movement onset in STRvs. POST, followed by increased alpha/low beta (8–18 Hz) power during much of the post-movement period. Given recent evidence showing that feedforward and feedback information is respectively carried by theta and alpha/beta oscillations, the observed power modulations may reflect the bottom-up propagation of PEs and the top-down revision of predictions.
Emergence of different crystal morphologies using the coffee ring effect
Authors: Morinaga Kouki , Oikawa Noriko , Kurita Rei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMacroscopic patterns in nature formed during crystal growth e.g. snow crystals have a significant influence on many material properties, such as macroscopic heat conduction, electrical conduction, and mechanical properties, even with the same microscopic crystal structure. Although crystal morphology has been extensively studied in bulk, the formation of patterns induced by re-crystallization during evaporation is still unclear. Here, we find a way to obtain concentric circles, a dendritic pattern, and a lattice pattern by pinning the edge of droplets using the coffee ring effect; only aggregates of crystallites are seen in the absence of pinning. Our systematic study shows that the macroscopic patterns depend both on initial concentration and evaporation rate. In addition, our qualitative analysis suggests that the local concentration of solute at the center of the pattern is related to the macroscopic patterns.
Multipolar passive cloaking by nonradiating anapole excitation
Authors: Ospanova Anar K. , Labate Giuseppe , Matekovits Ladislau , Basharin Alexey A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate the relation between cloaking effect and its nonradiating state by considering the destructive multipolar interaction between near-field scattering by bare object and surrounding coating located in its proximity. This cloaking effect is underpinned by anapole mode excitation and it occurs as destructive interference between the electric dipole moment, generated by a bare object (here a central metallic scatterer) and the toroidal moment, formed inside the cloak (a surrounding cluster of dielectric cylinders). Numerical results show how a cloaking effect based on the formation of the anapole mode can lead to an overall nonradiating metamolecule with all-dielectric materials in the coating region.
Perceptual Expectations of Object Stimuli Modulate Repetition Suppression in a Delayed Repetition Design
Authors: Kronbichler Lisa , Said-Yürekli Sarah , Kronbichler Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeveral fMRI and EEG/MEG studies show that repetition suppression (RS) effects are stronger when a stimulus repetition is expected compared to when a stimulus repetition is less expected. To date, the prevalent way to assess the influence of expectations on RS is via immediate stimulus repetition designs, that is, no intervening stimuli appear between the initial and repeated presentation of a stimulus. Since there is evidence that repetition lag may alter RS effects in a qualitative manner, the current study investigated how perceptual expectations modify RS effects on object stimuli when repetition lag is relatively long. Region of interest analyses in the left occipital cortex revealed a similar activation pattern as identified in previous studies on immediate lag: RS effects were strongest when repetitions were expected compared to decreased RS effects when repetitions were less expected. Therefore, the current study expands previous research in two ways: First, we replicate prior studies showing that perceptual expectation effects can be observed in object-sensitive occipital areas. Second, the finding that expectation effects can be found even for several-minute lags proposes that Bayesian inference processes are a relatively robust component in visual stimulus processing.
Transforming Psychiatry into Data-Driven Medicine with Digital Measurement Tools
Authors: Hsin Honor , Fromer Menachem , Peterson Bret , Walter Collin , Fleck Mathias , Campbell Andrew , Varghese Paul , Califf Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPsychiatry has been limited by historically rooted practices centered primarily on subjective observation. Fields such as oncology have progressed toward data-driven clinical decision-making that combines subjective clinical assessment of symptoms and preferences with biological measures such as genetics, biomarkers, imaging, and integrative physiology to derive quantitative risk scores and decision support. In contrast, psychiatry has just begun to scratch the surface of measurement-based care with validated clinical questionnaires. An opportunity exists to improve modern psychiatric care with novel data streams from digital sensors combined with clinical observation and subjective self-report. The prospect of integrating this complex information with modern computational and analytical methods could advance the field, both in research and clinical practice. Here we discuss this possibility and propose some key priorities to enable these innovations toward improving clinical outcomes in the future.