bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of substrate on molecular order for self‐assembled adlayers of CoPc and FePc
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Naumenko Denys , Cozzarini Luca , Barba Luisa , Cassetta Alberto , Pedio Maddalena 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembled metal phthalocyanine thin films are receiving considerable interest due to their potential technological applications. In this study, we present a comprehensive study of CoPc and FePc thin films of about 50 nm thickness on technologically relevant substrates such as SiOx/Si, indium tin oxide (ITO) and polycrystalline gold in order to investigate the substrate induced effects on molecular stacking and crystal structure. Raman spectroscopic analysis reveals lower intensity for the vibrational bands corresponding to phthalocyanine macrocycle for the CoPc and FePc thin films grown on ITO as compared to SiOx/Si due to the higher order of phthalocyanine molecules on SiOx/Si. Atomic force microscopy analysis displays higher grain size for FePc and CoPc thin films on ITO as compared to SiOx/Si and polycrystalline gold indicating towards the influence of molecule–substrate interactions on the molecular stacking. Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction reciprocal space maps reveal that FePc and CoPc molecules adopt a combination of herringbone and brickstone arrangement on SiOx/Si and polycrystalline gold substrate, which can have significant implications on the optoelectronic properties of the films due to unique molecular stacking.
Berries grown in Brazil: anthocyanin profiles and biological properties
Authors: Chaves Vitor C , Boff Laurita , Vizzotto Márcia , Calvete Eunice , Reginatto Flávio H , Simões Cláudia MO 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytochemical profiles of two Brazilian native fruits – pitanga (red and purple) and araçá (yellow and red) – as well as strawberry cultivars Albion, Aromas and Camarosa, blackberry cultivar Tupy and blueberry cultivar Bluegen cultivated in Brazil were characterized for total phenolic content and total anthocyanin content by liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array and a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. Radical scavenging, antiherpes and cytotoxic activities of these berry extracts were also evaluated.RESULTSBlueberry presented the highest total anthocyanin content (1202 mg cyanidin‐O‐glucoside equivalents kg−1 fresh fruit), while strawberry cultivar Aromas presented the highest total phenolic content (13 550 mg gallic acid equivalents kg−1 fresh fruit). Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of 21 anthocyanins. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of cyanidin‐O‐glucoside in yellow and red Araçá fruit and the first time eight anthocyanins have been reported in pitanga fruits. DPPH and ABTS assays showed that blueberry cultivar Bluegen, blackberry cultivar Tupy and pitanga (red and purple) showed the most promising antiradical activities, respectively. No relevant cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines or antiherpes activity was detected under the experimental conditions tested.CONCLUSIONTotal anthocyanin content of all fruits had a strong positive correlation with their free radical scavenging activity, suggesting anthocyanins contribute to the antioxidant potential of these fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Communicating risks to infrastructure due to soil erosion: A bottom‐up approach
Authors: Hewett Caspar J. M. , Simpson Carolyn , Wainwright John , Hudson Steve 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSoil erosion is a major problem worldwide, affecting natural, agricultural, and urban environments through its impact on flood risk, water quality, loss of topsoil, eutrophication of water bodies, sedimentation of waterways, and damage to infrastructure such as roads, buildings, and utility supply networks. Thus, there is a need to identify risks to infrastructure associated with erosion and interventions needed to reduce those risks. Further, inclusive ways of communicating about mitigation strategies with stakeholders such as farmers, land managers, and policymakers are essential if interventions are to be implemented. Applying the Decision‐Support Matrix approach, which combines hydrologic and geomorphic principles with participatory action research, a tool for Communicating and Visualising Erosion‐associated Risks to Infrastructure (CAVERTI) was developed in collaboration with a variety of stakeholders including farmers, private landowners, asset owners, and environmental organisations, focusing on a case‐study area in northern England. The CAVERTI tool synthesises process understanding gained from modelling with knowledge and experience of stakeholders to address the sediment transport problem. Tool development was collaborative, ensuring that the problems and solutions presented are easily recognised by practitioners and decision‐makers. The tool helps to assess, manage, and improve understanding of risk from a multistakeholder perspective and presents mitigation options. We argue that visualisation and communication tools codeveloped by researchers and stakeholders are the best means of influencing decision‐makers to invest in mitigation. The CAVERTI tool is designed to encourage farmers, land, and asset owners to act to reduce erosion, providing multiple benefits from protecting local infrastructure to reducing pollution of waterways.
Directional Optical Travelling Wave Antenna Based on Surface Plasmon Transmission Line
Authors: Ding Yinxing , Song Xiaokang , Jiang Ping , Jiao Rongzhen , Wang Lulu , Yu Li , Zhang Jiasen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHighly‐directional optical travelling wave antennas based on Ag nanowires are created, whose half‐power beamwidth is achieved as small as 20°. The radiation direction can be effectively adjusted over a range of up to 45.6° by changing the feeding surface plasmon modes, and they have an ultra‐broad bandwidth due to their nonresonant characteristic. A theoretical model based on mode coupling theory is constructed that can give a full description of the radiation properties, such as the radiation pattern, beam solid angle, radiation efficiency, and working bandwidth. The optical travelling wave antennas are easy to fabricate, control, and integrate with optical transmission lines; thus, they should have great potential applications in nanophotonic devices.
Spatially fractionated (GRID) radiation therapy using proton pencil beam scanning (PBS): Feasibility study and clinical implementation
Authors: Gao M. , Mohiuddin M. M. , Hartsell W. F. , Pankuch M. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeGRID therapy is an effective treatment for bulky tumors. Linear accelerator (Linac)‐produced photon beams collimated through blocks or multileaf collimators (MLCs) are the most common methods used to deliver this therapy. Utilizing the newest proton delivery method of pencil beam scanning (PBS) can further improve the efficacy of GRID therapy. In this study, we developed a method of delivering GRID therapy using proton PBS, evaluated the dosimetry of this novel technique and applied this method in two clinical cases.Materials/MethodsIn the feasibility study phase, a single PBS proton beam was optimized to heterogeneously irradiate a shallow 20 × 20 × 12 cm3 target volume centered at a 6 cm depth in a water phantom. The beam was constrained to have an identical spot pattern in all layers, creating a “beamlet” at each spot position. Another GRID treatment using PBS was also performed on a deep 15 × 15 × 8 cm3 target volume centered at a 14 cm depth in a water phantom. Dosimetric parameters of both PBS dose distributions were compared with typical photon GRID dose distributions. In the next phase, four patients have been treated at our center with this proton GRID technique. The planning, dosimetry, and measurements for two representative patients are reported.ResultsFor the shallow phantom target, the depth–dose curve of the PBS plan was uniform within the target (variation < 5%) and dropped quickly beyond the target (50% at 12.9 cm and 0.5% at 14 cm). The lateral profiles of the PBS plan were comparable to those of photon GRID in terms of valley‐to‐peak ratios. For the deep phantom target, the PBS plan provided smaller valley‐to‐peak ratios than the photon GRID technique. Pretreatment dose verification QA showed close agreement between the measurements and the plan (pass rate > 95% with a gamma index criterion of 3%/3 mm). Patients tolerated the treatment well without significant skin toxicity (radiation dermatitis grade ≤ 1).ConclusionsProton GRID therapy using a PBS delivery method was successfully developed and implemented clinically. Proton GRID therapy offers many advantages over photon GRID techniques. The use of protons provides a more uniform beamlet dose within the tumor and spares normal tissues located beyond the tumor. This new PBS method will also reduce the dose to proximal organs when treating a deep‐seated tumor.
Early‐Stage Incorporation Strategy for Regioselective Labeling of Peptides using the 2‐Cyanobenzothiazole/ 1,2‐Aminothiol Bioorthogonal Click Reaction
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Ting , Ieritano Christian , Seimbille Yann 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Yann Seimbille at the Life Sciences Division at TRIUMF (Canada). The cover picture shows how a simple and innovative methodology based on the bioorthogonal click reaction between 2‐cyanobenzothiazole and 1,2‐aminothiol has been elaborated to facilitate the labeling of peptide biovectors. Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.201700191.
Molecular analysis of PALB2‐associated breast cancers
Authors: Lee Jue Er Amanda , Li Na , Rowley Simone M , Cheasley Dane , Zethoven Magnus , McInerny Simone , Gorringe Kylie L , James Paul A , Campbell Ian G 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPALB2 is established as the most clinically important moderate to high penetrance breast cancer predisposition gene after BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in classical familial cancer predisposition genes are presumed to be recessive at the cellular level and therefore a second inactivating somatic mutation is required in the tumour tissue. However, from the limited data that exist, PALB2 may be an example of a cancer predisposition gene that does not conform to Knudson's ‘two hit’ paradigm. We conducted genome‐wide copy number analysis and targeted sequencing of PALB2 and other breast cancer driver genes in 15 invasive breast cancers from individuals carrying pathogenic germline mutations in PALB2. The majority of cancers showed clear evidence of bi‐allelic inactivation of PALB2 (10/15) either as loss of heterozygosity involving the wild‐type allele (six tumours) or as somatic point mutations (four tumours). All PALB2‐null cancers had high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores consistent with a homologous recombination repair deficiency. Interestingly, all but one of the PALB2 heterozygous cancers also had high HRD scores, suggesting that alternative mechanisms of PALB2 functional loss might be operating in these cancers. Our findings demonstrate that PALB2 does undergo bi‐allelic inactivation in the majority of breast cancers from PALB2 germline mutation carriers. This feature has implications for the discovery of new moderate to high penetrance breast cancer predisposition genes as it supports using the existence of a ‘second hit’ and mutation signatures as important search criteria. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term side effects and patient‐reported outcomes of bleomycin sclerotherapy in vascular malformations
Authors: Mack Joana M. , Richter Gresham T. , Becton David , Salem Omar , Hill Sarah E. M. , Crary Shelley E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundVascular malformations (VM) are congenital lesions that can be debilitating and cause significant aesthetic and functional limitations. The chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin has been utilized as a sclerosant, directly injected percutaneously into the VM. Unfortunately, little is known about the benefits and short‐term side effects of bleomycin with intralesional injections.ProcedureAn IRB approved, retrospective chart review was performed on patients with VM who had been treated with intralesional bleomycin. Data included type of VM, number of treatments, total bleomycin dose per m², and adverse effects. A questionnaire was administered to available patients to assess subjective outcomes and side effects.ResultsForty‐six patients were treated with 141 procedures of bleomycin sclerotherapy for VM. Patient ages ranged from 1 to 20 years (median age 10 years). The median cumulative bleomycin dose was 16.3 units/m²/person (range of 1.7–97.0 units/m²/person). Sixty‐three percent of patients were reached for a questionnaire to assess short‐term side effects. Ninety percent of patients surveyed were satisfied to very satisfied with the results from the procedure. About 24% of patients experienced transient nausea, vomiting and/or local hyperpigmentation.ConclusionBleomycin sclerotherapy can be an effective treatment of VM with repeat exposure with minor risk of short‐term side effects, however, long‐term risks are of great concern. Further studies are required to assess systemic absorption and long‐term risks.
The structural invariance of the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale across time and culture
Authors: Li Zhi , Shi Hai‐Song , Elis Ori , Yang Zhuo‐Ya , Wang Ya , Lui Simon S. Y. , Cheung Eric F. C. , Kring Ann M. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) is a self‐report instrument that assesses pleasure experience. Initial scale development and validation in the United States yielded a two‐factor solution comprising anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. However, a four‐factor model that further parsed anticipatory and consummatory pleasure experience into abstract and contextual components was a better model fit in China. In this study, we tested both models using confirmatory factor analysis in an American and a Chinese sample and examined the configural measurement invariance of both models across culture. We also examined the temporal stability of the four‐factor model in the Chinese sample. The results indicated that the four‐factor model of the TEPS was a better fit than the two‐factor model in the Chinese sample. In contrast, both models fit the American sample, which also included many Asian American participants. The four‐factor model fit both the Asian American and Chinese samples equally well. Finally, the four‐factor model demonstrated good measurement and structural invariance across culture and time, suggesting that this model may be applicable in both cross‐cultural and longitudinal studies.
A cross‐cultural study testing the universality of basic psychological needs theory across different academic subjects
Authors: Erturan‐İlker Gökçe , Quested Eleanor , Appleton Paul , Duda Joan L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBasic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT) suggests that autonomy‐supportive teachers can promote the satisfaction of students’ three basic psychological needs (i.e., the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and this is essential for optimal functioning and personal well‐being. The role of need satisfaction as a determinant of well‐being is understood to be invariant across contexts and cultures. The aim of this study is to test the invariance in the relationships between students’ perceptions of their teachers’ autonomy support and their psychological need satisfaction, enjoyment, concentration, and boredom across different school subjects (math, English, and physical education lessons) and across different cultures (England and Turkey). Questionnaires tapping the targeted variables in the three different lesson types were completed by students in schools in England and Turkey. Results from multilevel modeling analyses showed some support for the tenets of BPNT, albeit there were inconsistences among the strengths of the hypothesized relationships based on country and/or lesson type.
A Facile Room Temperature Synthesis of Large Silver Nanoplates with Low Cytotoxicity
Authors: Shahzad Aasim , Chung Jiyong , Lee Tae‐Jin , Kim Yeong Hwan , Bhang Suk Ho , Kim Woo‐Sik , Yu Taekyung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this work, a simple, fast, and room temperature aqueous‐phase route was developed to synthesize highly aniotropic silver (Ag) nanoplates with controllable sizes from 1 to 17 μm. Our simple synthetic protocol involves the direct reduction of polyethyleneimine (PEI) stabilized silver chloride (AgCl) nanoparticles with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of pyrrolidone in an aqueous‐phase at room temperature for short reaction time of 10 min. In the growth mechanism study, we found that the AgCl nanoparticles (seeds) were formed by the precipitation reaction of AgNO3 with NaCl in the presence of PEI at the early stage, and after the addition of H2O2, Ag+ in AgCl was reduced to Ag0, making small Ag nanoparticles. Then large Ag nanoplates were formed by attachment and fusion of the small Ag nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity of Ag nanoplates was tested with by human adipose derived stem cells. Ag nanoplates showed no cytotoxicity upto 50 μM/ml while 5 μM/ml of Ag nanoparticles treatment showed high cytotoxicity. Also Ag nanoplates treated cells showed reduced pro‐apoptotic gene expressions copampared to Ag nanoplates treatment. This modality may lead to further bio‐application based on Ag nanoplates.
Ethanol Organosolv Lignin Depolymerization with Hydrogen over a Pd/C Catalyst
Authors: Hakonen K. Johanna , González Escobedo J. Luis , Meriö‐Talvio Heidi , Hashmi Syed F. , Karinen Reetta S. , Lehtonen Juha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe effect of a 3% Pd/C catalyst on the depolymerization of the ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) was studied in ethanol at 300–400 °C and 10–50 bar H2 pressure. The EOL depolymerized to monoaromatic compounds, oligomers and larger lignin fragments in both catalytic and non‐catalytic experiments. In addition, char was formed simultaneously due to repolymerization. The commercial Pd/C catalyst influenced the content of the bio‐oil and gas fraction through the secondary reactions of the smaller product molecules. However, the EOL decomposition occurred mainly thermally and possibly autocatalytically due to the inert nature of the catalyst support. The effect of the catalyst on the monoaromatic product distribution was remarkable. With the catalyst, most of the identified products contained a saturated side chain produced by hydrogenation, whereas without the catalyst, the product distribution was wider, with a large portion of products exhibiting unsaturated and carbonyl side chains. Additionally, the monoaromatic compounds formed in the presence of the catalyst had longer side chains than the components formed in non‐catalytic experiments.
Pyridylazo Derivatives with Dicyanovinyl Appendage in Selective Sensing of CN− in Sol‐Gel Medium
Authors: Panja Atanu , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPyridyl azo‐based dicyanovinyl coupled chemosensors 1 and 2 have been designed and synthesized. While compound 1 with phenolic –OH is reluctant to form gel, the phenol ether 2, under identical conditions, forms gel in CH3CN. The morphology of the gel indicates closely packed globular microstructure. The rheological study corroborates the significant elastic character of the gel. The gel is thermo reversible and is converted to sol selectively in presence of CN− ions involving nucleophilic addition to the dicyano activated olefinic bond and validates the visual sensing of CN−. Such type of CN− sensing using supramolecular gelators, comprised of dicyano activated olefinic bond, is unknown in the literature although solution phase sensing of the same anion with the molecular receptors having dicyano substituted olefinic segment is quite explored. In addition to gel phase sensing, the gelator 2 selectively senses CN− ions in solution by exhibiting ‘turn on’ emission change with detection limit of 9.36 x 10−6 M.
Convenient Synthesis of Spirooxindole‐Fused Pyrazolopyridine Derivatives
Authors: Li Chunmei , Zhang Furen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConcise and efficient three‐component domino reaction for the synthesis of spirooxindole fused pyrazolopyridine derivatives has been established. This domino reaction is a green process and can be easily performed in water by using readily available substrates. The present strategy shows attractive characteristics, such as convenient one‐pot operation, inexpensive and reusable solid acid catalyst, without time‐consuming syntheses and avoiding tedious work‐up or purification procedure. A probable mechanism accounting for the reaction is proposed.
Monoclonal Cell Line Generation and CRISPR/Cas9 Manipulation via Single‐Cell Electroporation
Authors: Yang Ruiguo , Lemaître Vincent , Huang Changjin , Haddadi Abbas , McNaughton Rebecca , Espinosa Horacio D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStably transfected cell lines are widely used in drug discovery and biological research to produce recombinant proteins. Generation of these cell lines requires the isolation of multiple clones, using time‐consuming dilution methods, to evaluate the expression levels of the gene of interest. A new and efficient method is described for the generation of monoclonal cell lines, without the need for dilution cloning. In this new method, arrays of patterned cell colonies and single cell transfection are employed to deliver a plasmid coding for a reporter gene and conferring resistance to an antibiotic. Using a nanofountain probe electroporation system, probe positioning is achieved through a micromanipulator with sub‐micron resolution and resistance‐based feedback control. The array of patterned cell colonies allows for rapid selection of numerous stably transfected clonal cell lines located on the same culture well, conferring a significant advantage over slower and labor‐intensive traditional methods. In addition to plasmid integration, this methodology can be seamlessly combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, paving the way for advanced cell engineering.
Porous Carbon‐Hosted Atomically Dispersed Iron–Nitrogen Moiety as Enhanced Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Wide Range of pH
Authors: Fu Shaofang , Zhu Chengzhou , Su Dong , Song Junhua , Yao Siyu , Feng Shuo , Engelhard Mark H. , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAs one of the alternatives to replace precious metal catalysts, transition‐metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) electrocatalysts have attracted great research interest due to their low cost and good catalytic activities. Despite nanostructured M–N–C catalysts can achieve good electrochemical performances, they are vulnerable to aggregation and insufficient catalytic sites upon continuous catalytic reaction. In this work, metal–organic frameworks derived porous single‐atom electrocatalysts (SAEs) were successfully prepared by simple pyrolysis procedure without any further posttreatment. Combining the X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements, the SAEs have been identified with superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability compared with Pt/C catalysts in alkaline condition. More impressively, the SAEs also show excellent ORR electrocatalytic performance in both acid and neutral media. This study of nonprecious catalysts provides new insights on nanoengineering catalytically active sites and porous structures for nonprecious metal ORR catalysis in a wide range of pH.