bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients at High Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Are at Increased Risk for Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: A Cohort Analysis
Authors: Karimi Nika , Kelava Marta , Kothari Perin , Zimmerman Nicole M. , Gillinov A. Marc , Duncan Andra E. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience intermittent hypoxia, hypercarbia, and sympathetic activation during sleep, which increases risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and other cardiac arrhythmias. Whether patients with OSA experience increased episodes of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery is unclear. We examined whether patients at increased risk for OSA, assessed by the STOP-BANG (snoring, tired during the day, observed stop breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, body mass index more than 35 kg/m2, age more than 50 years, neck circumference more than 40 cm, and male gender) questionnaire, had a higher incidence of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Because both postoperative atrial fibrillation and OSA increase resource utilization, we secondarily examined whether patients at increased OSA risk had longer duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay.METHODS:With institutional review board approval, this retrospective observational study evaluated adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass between 2014 and 2015 with preoperative assessment of OSA risk using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Patients with a history of atrial fibrillation were excluded. The association between the STOP-BANG score and postoperative atrial fibrillation was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Secondarily, we estimated the association between the STOP-BANG score and duration of initial intubation using multivariable linear regression and ICU length of stay using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also descriptively summarized the percentage of patients requiring tracheal reintubation for mechanical ventilation.RESULTS:Of 4228 cardiac surgery patients, 1593 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. An increased STOP-BANG score was associated with higher odds of postoperative atrial fibrillation (odds ratio [95% confidence interval {CI}], 1.16 [1.09–1.23] per-point increase in the STOP-BANG score;P< .001). The STOP-BANG score was not associated with ICU length of stay (estimated hazard ratio [97.5% CI], 0.99 [0.96–1.03] per-point increase in the STOP-BANG score;P= .99) or duration of initial intubation (ratio of geometric means [97.5% CI], 1.01 [1.00–1.04];P= .03; significance criterion [Bonferroni correction] < 0.025). One percent of patients required reintubation.DISCUSSION:Increasing risk for OSA, assessed by STOP-BANG, was associated with higher odds of postoperative atrial fibrillation, but not prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation or ICU length of stay.
Use of Survey and Delphi Process to Understand Trauma Anesthesia Care Practices
Authors: Kuza Catherine M. , Vavilala Monica S. , Speck Rebecca M. , Dutton Richard P. , McCunn Maureen 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Few trauma guidelines evaluate and recommend anesthesiology practices and there are no trauma anesthesia-specific guidelines. There is no information on how anesthesiologists perceive clinical practice patterns. Our objective was to understand the perceptions of anesthesiologists regarding trauma anesthesia practices.

METHODS:
A survey assessing anesthesia management of trauma patients was distributed to 21,491 anesthesiologists. A subset of 10 of these questions was subsequently reviewed by a trauma anesthesiology focus group through a 3-round web-based Delphi process. A question was deemed to have respondent consensus if the response with the highest percentage of agreement was unchanged between rounds 1 and 2.

RESULTS:
A total of 2360 anesthesiologists (11% response rate) responded to the survey. Results demonstrated that the practitioners’ answers conflicted with existing surgical trauma society recommendations (ie, when to transfuse component therapy), and several areas that lacked any guidelines, resulted in response variability among anesthesiologists where not 1 answer achieved >75% agreement (ie, intubation technique of choice for patients with uncleared cervical spine). Thirteen trauma anesthesiologists participated in round 1 (response rate 100%), and 12 responded in rounds 2 and 3 (response rate 92%) of the Delphi process. None of the questions received 100% agreement. Consensus was achieved on 9 of 10 statements pertaining to trauma anesthesia care. Consensus was not reached on the intubating technique in a hemodynamically unstable patient with an uncleared cervical spine with deficits. Delphi participant opinion conflicted with existing guidelines on 2 statements: the use of cricoid pressure, and when to begin blood component therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
There are several important areas of trauma anesthesia practice where guidelines do not exist and several where existing guidelines are not endorsed by the majority of practitioners who completed our survey. The lack of consensus on trauma anesthesia management and the variation in survey responses demonstrate a need to develop evidence-based trauma anesthesia guidelines.
Regulation of RUNX1 dosage is crucial for efficient blood formation from hemogenic endothelium
Authors: Lie-A-Ling Michael , Marinopoulou Elli , Lilly Andrew J. , Challinor Mairi , Patel Rahima , Lancrin Christophe , Kouskoff Valerie , Lacaud Georges 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
During ontogeny, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells arise from hemogenic endothelium through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that is strictly dependent on the transcription factor RUNX1. Although it is well established that RUNX1 is essential for the onset of hematopoiesis, little is known about the role of RUNX1 dosage specifically in hemogenic endothelium and during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Here, we used the mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation system to determine if and how RUNX1 dosage affects hemogenic endothelium differentiation. The use of inducible Runx1 expression combined with alterations in the expression of the RUNX1 co-factor CBFβ allowed us to evaluate a wide range of RUNX1 levels. We demonstrate that low RUNX1 levels are sufficient and necessary to initiate an effective endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Subsequently, RUNX1 is also required to complete the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and to generate functional hematopoietic precursors. In contrast, elevated levels of RUNX1 are able to drive an accelerated endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, but the resulting cells are unable to generate mature hematopoietic cells. Together, our results suggest that RUNX1 dosage plays a pivotal role in hemogenic endothelium maturation and the establishment of the hematopoietic system.
Polycystin 1 loss of function is directly linked to an imbalance in G-protein signaling in the kidney
Authors: Zhang Bo , Tran Uyen , Wessely Oliver 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The development of the kidney relies on the establishment and maintenance of a precise tubular diameter of its functional units, the nephrons. This process is disrupted in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), resulting in dilations of the nephron and renal cyst formation. In the course of exploring G-protein-coupled signaling in the Xenopus pronephric kidney, we discovered that loss of the G-protein α subunit, Gnas, results in a PKD phenotype. Polycystin 1, one of the genes mutated in human PKD, encodes a protein resembling a G-protein-coupled receptor. Furthermore, deletion of the G-protein-binding domain present in the intracellular C terminus of polycystin 1 impacts functionality. A comprehensive analysis of all the G-protein α subunits expressed in the Xenopus pronephric kidney demonstrates that polycystin 1 recruits a select subset of G-protein α subunits and that their knockdown – as in the case of Gnas – results in a PKD phenotype. Mechanistically, the phenotype is caused by increased endogenous G-protein β/γ signaling and can be reversed by pharmacological inhibitors as well as knocking down Gnb1. Together, our data support the hypothesis that G proteins are recruited to the intracellular domain of PKD1 and that this interaction is crucial for its function in the kidney.
Imprinted gene dysregulation in a Tet1 null mouse model is stochastic and variable in the germline and offspring
Authors: SanMiguel Jennifer M. , Abramowitz Lara K. , Bartolomei Marisa S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Imprinted genes are expressed from one parental allele and regulated by differential DNA methylation at imprinting control regions (ICRs). ICRs are reprogrammed in the germline through erasure and re-establishment of DNA methylation. Although much is known about DNA methylation establishment, DNA demethylation is less well understood. Recently, the Ten-Eleven Translocation proteins (TET1-3) have been shown to initiate DNA demethylation, with Tet1−/− mice exhibiting aberrant levels of imprinted gene expression and ICR methylation. Nevertheless, the role of TET1 in demethylating ICRs in the female germline and in controlling allele-specific expression remains unknown. Here, we examined ICR-specific DNA methylation in Tet1−/− germ cells and ascertained whether abnormal ICR methylation impacted imprinted gene expression in F1 hybrid somatic tissues derived from Tet1−/− eggs or sperm. We show that Tet1 deficiency is associated with hypermethylation of a subset of ICRs in germ cells. Moreover, ICRs with defective germline reprogramming exhibit aberrant DNA methylation and biallelic expression of linked imprinted genes in somatic tissues. Thus, we define a discrete set of genomic regions that require TET1 for germline reprogramming and discuss mechanisms for stochastic imprinting defects.
Evolutionarily conserved anterior expansion of the central nervous system promoted by a common PcG-Hox program
Authors: Yaghmaeian Salmani Behzad , Monedero Cobeta Ignacio , Rakar Jonathan , Bauer Susanne , Curt Jesús Rodriguez , Starkenberg Annika , Thor Stefan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
A conserved feature of the central nervous system (CNS) is the prominent expansion of anterior regions (brain) compared with posterior (nerve cord). The cellular and regulatory processes driving anterior CNS expansion are not well understood in any bilaterian species. Here, we address this expansion in Drosophila and mouse. We find that, compared with the nerve cord, the brain displays extended progenitor proliferation, more elaborate daughter cell proliferation and more rapid cell cycle speed in both Drosophila and mouse. These features contribute to anterior CNS expansion in both species. With respect to genetic control, enhanced brain proliferation is severely reduced by ectopic Hox gene expression, by either Hox misexpression or by loss of Polycomb group (PcG) function. Strikingly, in PcG mutants, early CNS proliferation appears to be unaffected, whereas subsequent brain proliferation is severely reduced. Hence, a conserved PcG-Hox program promotes the anterior expansion of the CNS. The profound differences in proliferation and in the underlying genetic mechanisms between brain and nerve cord lend support to the emerging concept of separate evolutionary origins of these two CNS regions.
Ten year follow-up of a trauma case treated in general practice
Authors: Sands Peter 
Published: March 2018

Traumatic injuries to teeth are commonplace and can result in significant morbidity and aesthetic disfigurement. If the patient has not reached maturity at the time of the injury, efforts should be made to delay the provision of definitive indirect restorations until adulthood and the orofacial development is completed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper describes a trauma injury and how definitive indirect treatment was delayed for almost ten years, by employing adhesive techniques and retaining the fractured crown of the patient by re-attachment.
Lingual orthodontics – clinical applications and patient information
Authors: Shelton Andrew T , Hodge Trevor , Scott Paul 
Published: March 2018

The demand for adult orthodontic treatment is an ever-increasing trend that has driven the development of aesthetic orthodontic systems. Lingual orthodontic appliances provide the ultimate in aesthetics and their use has grown with the development of the appliances. The clinical application of different lingual appliances is described and evidence-based patient information is provided. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Increasing demand for aesthetic orthodontic systems means that lingual appliances are, and are likely to become, more popular in the future. A broad knowledge of their clinical application and useful evidence-based information to give to patients is invaluable for all dental practitioners.
Surgical root perforation repair with guided tissue regeneration: a case report
Authors: Joshi Rishi , Thomas Matthew B M 
Published: March 2018

A 43-year-old male reported with pain and swelling in the maxillary anterior region as a result of iatrogenic perforation of his right maxillary central incisor tooth. After attempted internal repair, surgical management was required due to repair material extrusion. Removal of the extruded material preceded repair of the perforation site with biosilicate cement which had a short initial setting time. The set repair material then allowed Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) to be performed to reduce the risk of recession in a single surgical process. At 24-month recall, the patient was asymptomatic with no clinical or radiographic evidence of ongoing disease. Additionally, the patient presented with excellent aesthetics after surgical management. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Comprehensive management of endodontic perforations, especially in the anterior dentition, should stretch beyond tooth survival and include the need to maintain and improve the patient's aesthetics.
Contemporary Māori and Pacific artists exploring place
Authors: Vercoe Caroline 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article explores the notion of ‘place’, extending its scope to include the ocean, history and diaspora, in relation to six contemporary Māori and Pacific artists who were involved in the Pacifique(S) Contemporain exhibitions in Normandy, France in 2015. Structured into three sections, it addresses the three curatorial thematics that provided the overarching frame for the exhibitions. ‘The ocean is a place’ focuses on Angela Tiatia and Rachael Rakena, and acknowledges the importance of Epeli Hau’ofa’s writing in relation to the ocean and Oceania as a crucial marker of identity both within its geographic location and beyond. ‘History is a place’ considers moving image installations by Michel Tuffery and Greg Semu, in particular referencing how they rework and reimagine colonial and art historical representations and conventions. ‘Diaspora is a place’ compares the photographic practices of Ane Tonga and Edith Amituanai, whose work reflects on and captures the dynamics that emerge as Pacific communities draw on and adapt cultural traditions, and negotiate relationships mediated by their migration and diaspora experiences.
Art and vegetables: ‘Ground buyers’ and the contemporary art trade in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Garnier Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The contemporary art of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has been described so far as a political form of expression revealing the postcolonial aspirations of the population since the country’s independence from Australia in 1975. However, observers, critics and anthropologists have until now neglected to take into consideration the economic aspects of art production in the country. Drawing on Karl Marx and Pierre Bourdieu’s analysis of artworks as commodities and as a social field, this article describes a little-known aspect of the PNG art market. It analyses the role of cash in art production and its progression. Copied from the vegetable trade, the Papua New Guinean art market has given birth to the figure of the ‘ground buyer’. They are local intermediates who operate as usurers and have become the main interlocutors to western buyers. In comparing cash crop and art, the article underlines the versatility of PNG players in the art world and allows comparison between art production and other economic activities in urban Melanesia.
Neo-Polynesian artist Bobby Holcomb, herald of cultural renewal in French Polynesia
Authors: Deso Gaëtan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article seeks to provide answers to questions concerning the confrontation between contemporary art and indigenous culture in French Polynesia. Observing the contemporary art world of Tahiti and its islands nowadays allows one to see how artists – whether Mā’ohi (of Polynesian descent) or those of different ancestry – insert themselves into a unified contemporary culture. The article specifically examines the place of artist Bobby Holcomb and the impact he has had on re-evaluating and redefining the local art world. Through his artistic approach, he has fostered the emergence of a new kind of relationship between contemporary art and Polynesian society. The discussion moves from the affirmation of Mā’ohi identity to the recognition of Holcomb as one of the first neo-Polynesian artists. With Holcomb, the Mā’ohi artist no longer stands alone in spreading his culture and traditions, whether past or present, but is accompanied by people who may be defined as neo-Polynesians, people who, like this foreign-born artist, contribute to define, on a daily basis, what it means to live in French Polynesia.
Ataï’s return to New Caledonia: Reconciliation politics and the embarrassing legacy of colonial anthropology
Authors: David-Ives Corinne 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
New Caledonia is the only French Overseas Community currently undergoing an official process of reconciliation between the French State and the indigenous minority, the Kanak people, following the mid-1980s’ unrest between the Kanaks and the Caldoches (the descendants of the French settlers). On the local level, a process of healing has unfolded between the leaders of the two estranged communities. And yet, France – namely, the successive French governments, French politicians and intellectuals – has been averse to reconciliation both as a concept and as a political process. French authorities have notably been resisting the moral pressure to present formal apologies to their former colonial subjects. This article argues that the national difficulty to come to terms with the legacy of colonization can be illustrated in New Caledonia by looking at the long amnesia over the abuses perpetrated under colonial rule and over the practices of colonial anthropology. It will focus upon the case of the remains of Kanak chief Ataï, the leader of a major rebellion against French rule in 1878. After Ataï was killed during the unrest, his severed head was shipped off to France, examined and kept in the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Ataï’s return to New Caledonia only took place on 29 August 2014. From the Kanak point of view, a long history of conflict and abuse could not come to a close without this symbolic gesture on the part of French authorities. This article addresses the circumstances that allowed Ataï’s return to his homeland. It examines the French reluctance to clearly condemn early curatorial practices associated with the repression of indigenous aspirations to freedom, and it analyses why apologies and reconciliation still present a difficulty in the French context.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sabin Roger , Dale Pete , Dines Mike , Hornsby Ian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
No Future: Punk, Politics and British Youth Culture, 1976–1984, Matthew Worley (2017) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 404 pp., ISBN: 9781316625606, p/bk, £17.99
C86 & All That: The Creation of Indie in Difficult Times, Neil Taylor (2017) Winchester: Ink Monkey, 525 pp., ISBN: 1909502338, p/bk, £17.99
The Year’s Work in the Punk Bookshelf, Or, Lusty Scripts, Brian James Schill (2017) Indiana: Indiana University Press, p/bk, 382 pp., ISBN: 9780253029300, p/bk, £20.00
And All Around Was Darkness, Mike Dines and Greg Bull (eds) (2017) Itchy Monkey Press, 288 pp., ISBN: 9871291740257, p/bk, £12.00
Design it yourself? Punk’s division of labour
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Punk’s do-it-yourself call to arms led to a widespread adoption of the rhetoric, if not always the practice, of independence from traditional means of production – although it should be acknowledged that do-it-yourself ideals go back a lot further than the punk explosion of the 1970s, from traditional folk music through to the bottleneck rural blues players of the 1930s and 1940s, the 1950s UK skiffle boom and early 1960s US garage bands. The punks may have articulated the do-it-yourself vision most clearly, turning it into a mantra, but they were inheriting a tradition that was established many years earlier. During the early period of punk’s development in the United Kingdom, a distinct division of labour can be seen in the impact of an ‘anyone can do it’ DIY ethos on a range of activities. These range from live performance to the creation and manufacture of punk artefacts (clothes, posters, flyers, fanzines, records). While some of these areas offered new opportunities for amateur producers, within more technical areas of manufacturing, including the physical production of records, do-it-yourself could only have a nominal impact. Many punk groups did not have access to sound recording technologies, and even if they did, they would have to hand over the cutting and pressing of vinyl to a professional outfit. There was certainly a widespread and outspoken desire to take artistic control away from mainstream sources, but in reality the full ownership of the means of production was at best a naive ambition. Similarly, sleeve artwork could be created by untrained designers, but print reproduction was often left to the services of a professional print studio – doing-it-yourself had obvious limitations when it came to large-scale production and distribution.