bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAMPUR KODE DALAM VIDEO YOUTUBE HAS CREATIVE
Authors: Habibulloh Akhmad Sururi , Yanuarsih Sri , Letreng I Wayan 
Published: November 2024

Bahasa merupakan elemen vital dalam proses berkomunikasi. campur kode sering terjadi sebagai hasil dari kontak bahasa. Penggunaannya dapat dijumpai pada jejaring sosial. Salah satunya bisa dilihat di kanal HAS Creative. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan dan memperoleh gambaran secara mendalam mengenai bentuk dan jenis campur kode dalam video Youtube HAS Creative. Metodenya deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data dari transkrip video berjudul, “PWK – BROKEN HOME JADI PRIVILEGE, OZA RANGKUTI “ANAK JAMAN SEKARANG PADA MAU ORANG TUANYA CERE”. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni mengunduh, menonton, mencatat, mentranskrip, korpus, reduksi, dan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada enam bentuk campur kode, yakni: (1) bentuk kata, meliputi: chef, sorry, hijrah, (2) bentuk frasa, antara lain: right now, partner gua, mention gua, (3) bentuk baster, seperti: ngefans, viewersnya, (4) bentuk kata ulang, diantaranya: crew-crew, bocah-bocah, sexy-sexy, (5) bentuk idiom, yakni: broken home, lone wolf, dan (6) bentuk klausa: contohnya: gue ngehandle duitnya tolol. Selain itu jenis campur kode yang terdapat dalam video YouTube HAS Creative, adalah campur kode: (1) ke dalam, seperti: aneh banget bocah-bocah sekarang, (2) ke luar, contohnya: overhinking tentang masakan Padang, dan (3) campuran, yaitu: gua naruh point of viewnya.Kata kunci: campur kode, video youtube, HAS creative
Nařízení o obecném režimu podmíněnosti ve světle rozhodnutí Soudního dvora EU o žalobách Maďarska a Polska a jeho budoucnost mezi nástroji na ochranu právního státu
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Godál Karolína 
Published: November 2024

The regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 which introduces the rule of law conditionality mechanism, represents the culmination of an extensive legislative process. Its formulation has been significantly shaped by both the political resolutions of the European Council in July and December 2020 and by the judgements of the Court of Justice of the EU in response to legal actions initiated by Hungary and Poland (Cases C-156/21 and C-157/21). The European Council has effectively set out the conditions for when and how the Regulation can be applied, which illustrates how strongly political it was for Member States to make access to EU funds conditional on compliance with the rule of law. The judgments analyse the Regulation in detail in terms of its scope, conditions of application and its effects. Moreover, the Court stressed the importance of the principle of the rule of law, which, in its view, is part of the EU‘s very identity. Presently, we find ourselves in a scenario where the mechanism has been activated against Hungary, prompting discussions on potential expansions. This paper aims to define the significance of the Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation, drawing insights from the rulings in cases C-156/21 and C-157/21. It seeks to present the distinctive features of the regulation and its place within the array of the existing instruments safeguarding the rule of law, with particular emphasis on a comparative analysis with the procedure outlined in Article 7 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU („TFEU“). Importantly, this analysis would be incomplete without a forward-looking perspective, exploring potential trajectories for development within the context of ongoing deliberations on institutional changes within the EU.
The Right to be forgotten… but is it really a right?
Authors:   Department of International and European Law, Faculty of Law, Palacký University Olomouc, Mach Martin 
Published: November 2024

Article addresses the question of whether the “Right to be forgotten” is really a “Right”; according to the definition of human rights, or whether it is just a name. In order to answer this question, it starts by addressing the question of whether (human) rights exist at all and whether their definition also fulfils the aforementioned right to be forgotten. In this context he mentions Alasdair Macintyre's conflicting views on the non-existence of human rights and Tomáš Sobek's study that human rights objectively exist. He also discusses the view of academics that human rights are an ideology. The article works with the aforementioned information and applies it to The Right to Be Forgotten. Despite the aforementioned objections of some academics, the author concludes that the Right to Be Forgotten is a so-called modern human right and thus fulfills the definition of the term “Right”.
Změna pohlaví v kontextu pracovního práva
Authors:   University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic, Mach Ondřej 
Published: November 2024

The Gender reassingnment is practically defined primarily at the level of human rights, as evidenced by the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and the European Court of Human Rights. However, this law‘s institute also extends into other legal fields, including labor law. Within it, it is acceptable for employees to be divided according to gender. However, § 16 of Act No. 262/2006 Coll., the Labor Code, as amended, must not be violated. Apart from expressly defined reasons, especially in Article 26 of the resolution of the Presidium of the Czech National Council No. 2/1993 Coll., on the proclamation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms as part of the constitutional order of the Czech Republic, any discrimination based on gender is prohibited. However, no provision of any law provides answers to questions that may arise if an employee changes their gender.
Criticisms of Conventions on international carriage of goods by sea and the question
Authors:   Doctoral school of law and Political Science, University of Szeged, Hungary, Quynh Nguyen Thi 
Published: November 2024

The growth of international trade and ocean transportation has led to the establishment of the four conventions governing the international carriage of goods by sea, namely the Hague Rules, Hague-Visby Rules, Hamburg Rules, and Rotterdam Rules with the aim of uniformity and harmonization. Each Convention attempts to set the rules to satisfy all the involved participants. However, all Conventions have faced various criticisms and none of them has been successful in terms of uniformity and harmonization due to the lack of widespread approval. As a result, international maritime carriage is now split between these international maritime Conventions (the Rotterdam Rules are still not in force). This paper will highlight the criticism of the four Conventions and discuss the issue of uniformity in the field of international carriage of goods by sea. It supports the solutions adopted in the Rotterdam Rules and offers suggestions for the question of uniformity in international carriage of goods by sea.
POLEMIK IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN HAK RESTITUSI DALAM TPPO: PERDAGANGAN ORANG ATAU PEKERJA MIGRAN ILEGAL?
Authors: Siahaan Hervyan , Sudirman Lu , Girsang Junimart 
Published: November 2024

Fulfilling justice for trafficking victims is not enough to be imprisoned alone but must come to the recovery of the suffering losses of trafficking victims. In Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, it stipulates the rights that can be given to victims, one of which is the right to restitution that must be given by traffickers as compensation to victims, in this case based on District Court Decision Number: 109 / Pid.Sus / 2022 / PN Tp, the defendant was convicted in accordance with the second alternative charge JPU Article 81 Jo Article 69 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Migrant Workers as amended by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation Jo Article 55 paragraph (1) to – 1 of the Penal Code with a prison sentence of 10 (ten) years and a fine of IDR 1,000,000,000 (one billion rupiah). The method used in this study is normative-empirical legal research by examining actual actions in the form of legal documents (judges' decisions) which are then adjusted to applicable rules and regulations, information collected through online literature searches, books, and related regulations. In this legal research, legal approaches, conceptual approaches, and case approaches will be used, along with specific research needs. In this study, primary and secondary legal materials were used. The legal material analyzed is presented methodically, logically, and reasonably. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the conviction in the judgment number 109/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Tp by being convicted of legally and convincingly violating the articles contained in the PMI Law, justice for victims is not fulfilled where the type of crime is a criminal offense that is not included in the provisions of article 2 paragraph (1) letter a of Perma Number 1 of 2022.
Unearthing History: Underground Cities and Military Heritage in Albania and Europe
Authors: Kristo Saimir , Dobjani Etleva , Shtylla Saimir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bunkers in Albania are emblematic of the country’s tumultuous past. With approximately 170,000 documented bunkers, each varying in spatial typology, geographical position, and structural features, these structures were built to shelter army troops and thwart foreign invasions (Kristo and Jojic, 2020). For nearly half a century, Albania’s isolation encapsulated its people within a heavily guarded geography, creating a “living prison” where free movement was restricted, even within the country until the fall of the dictatorial regime. Bunkers were strategically placed both in natural landscapes and urban centers, often forming elaborate ensembles of three or more, and extending to tunnels within hills and mountains. This research aims to explore the potential relationships between these bunkers and foreign visitors or tourists in various contexts of their locations. Different typologies of bunkers can be found at the seaside, in valleys, and on mountains, reflecting strategies based on proximity to borders with Montenegro, Kosovo, Greece, Northern Macedonia, Italy and the Adriatic Sea. These strategic areas hold significant interests and values, the positioning of bunkers as unique examples and opportunities for alternative tourism in Albania. The military heritage and bunkers scattered across Eastern Europe stand as silent witnesses to a complex history shaped by conflicts, ideologies, and geopolitical shifts (Stiller, Dhamo, Aliaj and Kristo, 2019). These structures are remnants of an era defined by intense geopolitical tensions and the ever-present threat of military conflict, particularly during the Cold War. They reflect the diverse strategies and responses of different nations to these challenges, offering unique insights into the historical and cultural fabric of the region.
Repetition of judicial review before the court of appeal - Problems encountered in Albanian judicial practice
Authors: Shehaj Enerjeta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Article 13 of the ECHR provides that: “Every person whose rights and freedoms recognized by this Convention have been violated, has the right to lodge an effective appeal before a national institution even when this violation has been committed by persons acting within the exercise of their official functions”. The right to effective appeal is a fundamental human right and implies the right of the individual to appeal, the existence of a certain body for reviewing the appeal, unconditional acceptance of the appeal for review, reasonable deadlines for its review, an objective review, judicial control, as a final check on the appeal.
The Court of Appeal judges as a court the fact and the law and as such it has the its own right but also at the request of the party to partially or fully repeat the judicial review.
Article 427, paragraph 4 of the Criminal Procedure Code has been amended recently by the Law 35/2017, whereby it is provided that: “When the defendant is found not guilty, the court of appeal cannot find him guilty solely on the basis of a different assessment of the evidence obtained in the first instance trial”.
Based on the grammatical and logical interpretation of this provision, it results that the criminal court of the reviewing jurisdiction cannot declare the defendant innocent by the criminal court of the original jurisdiction, on the basis of the same facts and evidence, but by assessing them differently, guaranteeing this way a provision the respect of the principle of non-compliance with the position of the defendant.
But what is put forward for discussion by the practice of the Courts is the fact that the Courts of Appeal have in some cases found the defendant guilty, on the same facts and evidence, on the basis of which he was declared innocent by the court of first instance, after the contrary assessment of the facts and evidence was made by the court of first instance, misinterpreting Article 427/4 of the Criminal Procedure Code.
Perspectives and challenges of Albania’s integration in the EU - From the fall of communism to the Thessaloniki Summit 1991-2006
Authors: Venxha Metin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 1991 students filled the squares of Tirana under the slogans “We want Albania like Europe”, only few of them would have imagined that after 32 years from the fall of the communist regime, Albania would still be waiting to be part of the European family. The most optimistic thought that, once the regime fell, freedom and democracy would triumph and the integration process would take only a few years. As for the rest, this process would take time, but even for the pessimists it would never pass 2020.
The challenges of Albanian integration in EU, from 1991 to 2006, have been different and often the progress of undertaken reforms within the framework of the European integration has been slow and not at the required level. This slowness is often reflected in the European Commission reports or in declarations of different summits. This phenomenon reflects the limited culture in the state-building and that of political dialogue, which comes as a result of a strong isolation period, almost half a century under the communist dictatorship.
Between 1991 and 2006, the Albanian governments received financial and human resources from European organizations to help them abandon this self-centered strategy. This paper is written within the framework of International Visegrad Fund (IVF) Research Grand Programme of 2022, which involved consulting a significant number of archival papers in the European Union’s Historical Archive in Florence, Italy.
Theoretical Research Into Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors: Sbîrcea Ioana-Alexandra , Chiriţă Rebecca Ana Maria , Ungureanu Cristina-Elena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Furious competition in today’s worldwide markets, the presentation of items with brief lifecycles, and the increased desires of clients have constrained commerce ventures to contribute to, and centre consideration on, the connections with clients and providers (Smich-Levi et al., 2000). The expanded intrigue in SCM has been compelled by improvements in the Sustainable Supply chain that empower the visiting trade of tremendous sums of data for coordination purposes. Subsequently, there’s a requirement and an opportunity for a common approach of chain accomplices towards the foundation of more successful and effective supply chains. The part best administration plays in a company’s SCM hones may be an important piece of inquiry that’s not however put within the huge SCM confusion. This research is approached with the aid of three phases of SCM: environmental, social and economic.
Learning stability on graphs
Authors: Barletta Antonioreneé , Cuomo Salvatore , Milano Gianluca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In artificial intelligence applications, the model training phase is critical and computationally demanding. In the graph neural networks (GNNs) research field, it is interesting to investigate how varying the graph topological and spectral structure impacts the learning process and overall GNN performance. In this work, we aim to theoretically investigate how the topology and the spectrum of a graph changes when nodes and edges are added or removed. Numerical results highlight stability issues in the learning process on graphs. In this work, we aim to theoretically investigate how the topology and the spectrum of a graph changes when nodes and edges are added or removed. We propose the topological relevance function as a novel method to quantify the stability of graph-based neural networks when graph structures are perturbed. We also explore the relationship between this topological relevance function, Graph Edit Distance, and spectral similarity. Numerical results highlight stability issues in the learning process on graphs.
Selenium - its role in physiology and endocrinology and as organoselenium compounds in oncology: A minireview
Authors: Brtko Julius , Podoba Jan , Macejova Dana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present minireview traces the road leading to discovery of selenium, formerly appointed as a toxic element that became later a bioelement, which is necessary for the proper functioning of living organisms. Selenium occurs in human and animal bodies either in the form of seleno-Lcysteine or its dimeric form seleno-L-cystine as a crucial component of selenoenzymes or selenoproteins. Selenium atom represents an integral component of the enzyme active site of different forms of glutathione peroxidase, which catalyzes conversion of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides into the water and corresponding alcohols. A revolutionary breakthrough in the field of endocrinology came with the identification of different forms of iodothyronine deiodinase as selenoenzymes, which play an important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormone. The role of selenium in immune function and autoimmune thyropathies that might be associated with selenium deficiency are reported and discussed. This minireview also brings forward novel directions of organoselenium compounds or selenium nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Based on the update of available literature and the author’s experimental experience, the minireview can be devoted to clinicians and medical students.
Current trends in the media: gender-inclusive language
Authors: Kraľovičová Denisa , Ungerová Magdaléna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One of the most important functions of mass media is providing information to its recipients. In this context, language of media plays a key role, together with changes in the society that have an impact on the language used. The paper deals with contemporary trends that may be seen in media speech, especially the phenomenon of political correctness, especially the hot issue of gender identity and gender-sensitive language, while paying attention to differences that may be seen in various languages, mainly Slovak. The English language, which currently serves the function of lingua franca, takes a prominent position in all these trends, and the alternations in English subsequently fundamentally influence other languages.
Virtual social media communities and their effects on World Englishes
Authors: Almohawes Monera 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of social media use and virtual communities on world Englishes. The term world Englishes refers to the different varieties of how English is communicated worldwide. Kachru (1985) described the language’s spread in terms of three concentric circles: the inner circle, the outer circle, and the expanding circle. The inner circle comprises traditional bases of English where it serves as speakers’ first language, such as in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. The outer circle refers to countries where English is an official second language, such as India and Kenya. The expanding circle includes countries where English is spoken as a foreign language or lingua franca, such as countries in Europe and the Middle East, as well as Japan. By exploring the varieties of English on social media, in this paper, the researcher examined how social media and digital communication affect these circles of world Englishes and how users position and use English. The researcher qualitatively analysed 15 X Spaces (former Twitter) following Mesthrie and Bhatt’s (2008) method of analysing syntactic and morphological structures and then examining the pragmatics features and discourse. This included the following components: (a) the noun phrase (b) the verb phrase and (c) other function words. The results show that people are using new Englishes in virtual communities. There are many variations in language use in the structural features of the participants’ language morphology, phrasal syntax, and pragmatics. The participants invented and used new language structures and understood them among each other. Based on this finding, in future studies, researchers could examine new Englishes in other virtual communities and their effects on people’s identities and languages.
The Effects of Exercises with Elastic Bands on Selected Elements of Physical Fitness in Middle-Aged Amateur Tennis Players
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Dobrowolska Joanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of elastic band exercises programme in assisting the training of amateur tennis players.

Material and Methods.
Study participants comprised 22 male amateur tennis players (participating in a minimum of two training sessions per week) aged 40-60. The participants were divided into two equal groups. Subjects from Group 1 were engaged in elastic band exercises after the main training. Prior to each intervention, the movement range of the shoulder joint and the velocity and precision of the service were measured (via the ITF test). The measurements were repeated after four weeks. Group 2 (control) underwent the same measurements but they did not perform any additional exercises. Differences between the results of individual measurements were determined using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, and differences between the groups were determined using the Mann–Whitney U test, with a level of significance of p ≤ 0.05.

Results.
Group 1 showed a significant improvement in service precision (p < 0.001). In Group 2, the results of both measurements were similar. Group 1 showed a lower service speed at the beginning, but after four weeks the progress was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Group 1 also showed a significant improvement in the movement range of the shoulder joint, albeit only on their dominant side.

Conclusions.
The elastic band exercises may improve the velocity and precision of the service in tennis. The use of the aforementioned method to assist in the training of tennis players seems justified.