bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection methods and diversity preservation in many-objective evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Martí Luis , Segredo Eduardo , Sánchez-Pi Nayat , Hart Emma 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
One of the main components of multi-objective, and therefore, many-objective evolutionary algorithms, is the selection mechanism. It is responsible for performing two main tasks simultaneously. First, it has to promote convergence by selecting solutions which are as close as possible to the Pareto optimal set. And second, it has to promote diversity in the solution set provided. In the current work, an exhaustive study that involves the comparison of several selection mechanisms with different features is performed. Particularly, Pareto-based and indicator-based selection schemes, which belong to well-known multi-objective optimisers, are considered. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Each of those mechanisms is incorporated into a common multi-objective evolutionary algorithm framework. The main goal of the study is to measure the diversity preserved by each of those selection methods when addressing many-objective optimisation problems. The Walking Fish Group test suite, a set of optimisation problems with a scalable number of objective functions, is taken into account to perform the experimental evaluation.

Findings
The computational results highlight that the the reference-point-based selection scheme of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III and a modified version of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, where the crowding distance is replaced by the Euclidean distance, are able to provide the best performance, not only in terms of diversity preservation, but also in terms of convergence.

Originality/value
The performance provided by the use of the Euclidean distance as part of the selection scheme indicates this is a promising line of research and, to the best of the knowledge, it has not been investigated yet.
A review of non-specialised, group-based mental health and psychosocial interventions in displaced populations
Authors: Wood Benjamin Mitchell , Kallestrup Per 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe non-specialised, group-based interventions in displaced populations from reviewed literature, and to explore their outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and defined “grey literature”. Characteristics of the interventions were summarised into a table under key categories such as targeted persons, study setting, level of evidence, outcome measures, assessment tools used and summary of results.FindingsIn total, 11 articles were identified stemming from nine separate interventions. Three of these were considered level 1 evidence as they were randomised controlled trials. The described interventions were markedly heterogeneous in nature and produced diverse findings. There were noted methodological issues in the majority of interventions reviewed.Originality/valueThis original research has demonstrated clear need for research that uses robust methodology accounting for the complex and challenging nature of this context.
E-mail load, workload stress and desired e-mail load: a cybernetic approach
Authors: Stich Jean-Francois , Tarafdar Monideepa , Stacey Patrick , Cooper Cary L. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeUsing e-mail is a time-consuming activity that can increase workload stress. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the individual’s e-mail load, workload stress and desired e-mail load, drawing from the cybernetic theory of stress.Design/methodology/approachBased on prior theory, the authors first hypothesized relationships among e-mail load, workplace stress and desired e-mail load. The authors then tested these relationships on a sample of 504 full-time workers in the USA, using survey data and covariance-based structural equation modeling techniques.FindingsThe authors find that higher e-mail load is associated with higher workload stress; higher workload stress is associated with lower desired e-mail load; lower desired e-mail load is associated with lower e-mail load; and higher workload stress is associated with higher psychological strain, higher negative emotions and lower organizational commitment.Originality/valueThe study provides a novel understanding of workload stress due to e-mail load, through the lens of cybernetic theory. It contributes to the e-mail overload and technostress literatures by conceptualizing desired e-mail load as a potential outcome of workplace stress and as a regulator for e-mail load. For practitioners, the study highlights the importance of managing employees’ e-mail load to prevent the negative effects of workplace stress and associated strains.
Race/ethnicity, discrimination, and confidence in order institutions
Authors: Wu Yuning , Cao Liqun 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose and test a conceptual model that explains racially/ethnically differential confidence in order institutions through a mediating mechanism of perception of discrimination.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on a nationally representative sample of 1,001 respondents and path analysis to test the relationships between race/ethnicity, multiple mediating factors, and confidence in order institutions.FindingsBoth African and Latino Americans reported significantly lower levels of confidence compared to White Americans. People who have stronger senses of being discriminated against, regardless of their races, have reduced confidence. A range of other cognitive/evaluative variables have promoted or inhibited people’s confidence in order institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relies on cross-sectional data which preclude definite inferences regarding causal relationships among the variables. Some measures are limited due to constraint of data.Practical implicationsTo lessen discrimination, both actual and perceived, officials from order institutions should act fairly and impartially, recognize citizen rights, and treat people with respect and dignity. In addition, comprehensive measures involving interventions throughout the entire criminal justice system to reduce racial inequalities should be in place.Social implicationsEqual protection and application of the law by order institutions are imperative, so are social policies that aim to close the structural gaps among all races and ethnicities.Originality/valueThis paper takes an innovative effort of incorporating the currently dominant group position perspective and the injustice perspective into an integrated account of the process by which race and ethnicity affect the perception of discrimination, which, in turn, links to confidence in order institutions.
Going to the dogs? Police, donations, and K9s
Authors: Walby Kevin , Luscombe Alex , Lippert Randy K. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Most existing literature on K9 units has focused on the relationship between police handler and canine, or questions about use of force. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between private donations to public police departments, an increasingly accepted institutional practice in the policing world, and K9 units. Specifically, the authors examine rationales for sponsoring and financially supporting K9 units in Canada and the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors focus on four main themes that emerged in analysis of media articles, interview transcripts, and the results of freedom of information requests.

Findings
These four rationales or repertoires of discourse are: police dogs as heroes; dogs as crime fighters; cute K9s; and police dogs as uncontroversial donation recipients.

Originality/value
After drawing attention to the expanding role of police foundations in these funding endeavors, the authors reflect on what these findings mean for understanding private sponsorship of public police as well as K9 units in North America and elsewhere. The authors draw attention to the possibility of perceived and actual corruption when private, corporate monies become the main channel through which K9 and other police units are funded.
News media and perceptions of police: a state-of-the-art-review
Authors: Graziano Lisa M. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature examining the role of news media consumption and awareness in shaping public attitudes about police.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive, systematic search of multiple academic databases (e.g. EBSCO Host) was undertaken, supplemented by the use of Google Scholar to search among journals indicated as having cited the articles found in the databases.FindingsA total of 42 studies were identified that met the selection criteria for this meta-review and examined exposure to high-profile incidents involving police, awareness of negative news coverage of police, and/or consumption of specific news mediums (e.g. newspapers). Overall, research supports a relationship between negative perceptions of police and both exposure to high-profile incidents and awareness of negative coverage. Some support for the influence of consuming television news on attitudes exists, but more research is needed on the role of different news sources in shaping perceptions. Future research should also include determining causal pathways and how news about police is selected.Originality/valueThis is the first meta-review of the research examining how news media and attitudes about police are related. This study will provide a useful resource for those researchers wishing to continue to examine different aspects of news media consumption as a predictor of perceptions.
How commitment and satisfaction explain leave intention in police force?
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Islam Talat , Saleem Saima 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of professional commitment and job satisfaction on leave intention considering alternative job opportunities as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 147 patrolling police officers on the basis of convenience sampling using a questionnaire-based survey.FindingsThe study noted that professionally committed and satisfied police officers are less likely to leave their organization. In addition, alternative job opportunities strengthen the negative association of professional commitment and job satisfaction with leave intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted at one point of time and the majority of the respondents were male, therefore, the results might be gender biased. This study has implications for policymakers and HR managers.Practical implicationsLaw enforcement agencies and organizations should develop and sustain workplace environments where professional commitment and job satisfaction can positively influence the leave intentions of their employees. More specifically, it provides insight to the managers to retain talented and commitment employees in their organizations.Originality/valueThis study adds to the scant literature on professional commitment and alternative job opportunity in the context of police.
Career choice of real estate students in Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele Timothy Oluwafemi 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the career preferences of real estate students and the predisposing factors influencing the choice of career. The study also analysed the gender and socioeconomic variations with respect to the career preferences and factors influencing the career choice of real estate students in an emergent market like Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
Closed-ended questionnaires were administered on final year real estate students in the three Federal universities offering real estate in Southwestern Nigeria. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, mean ranking, independent t-test, analysis of variance and correlation analysis.

Findings
The findings showed that the predominant individual factors influencing career choice of real estate students were personal career interest, the magnitude of initial salary, future financial prospects and job security. Furthermore, while intrinsic and economic/financial factors were the major themes influencing respondents’ career choice, the influence of a third party was less a likely determinant. Analysis of gender differences showed that there was a statistical difference between the male and female respondents with respect to the intrinsic and career exposure factors.

Research limitations/implications
The study has implications for real estate students, career advisers/academic counsellors, organisations employing the services of real estate graduates, and educational institutions and policy stakeholders in the real estate sector. The study also has implication for real estate professional bodies in Nigeria and other emergent markets.

Originality/value
This is perhaps the first attempt that examined the factors influencing the career choice of real estate students in an emergent market like Nigeria, especially from the perspectives of gender and socioeconomic variations.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Science‐Diplomacy Nexus
Authors: Ruffini Pierre‐Bruno 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, we address the climate change issue through the lens of science diplomacy. We contribute to analyzing the mechanisms by which, in the international climate regime, the issues of science intermingle with those of diplomacy. We use the term ‘nexus’ to designate the interactions between the dynamics of science itself and the dynamics of diplomacy. We focus on the critical role played by the IPCC in the formation of this nexus. We argue that the extent to which diplomats understand and use scientific knowledge as well as that the clashing of national interests during major negotiations can jeopardize science diplomacy effectiveness. We thus explain why the large consensus that exists among scientists about the origins and long‐term risks of climate change does not translate into a consensus among diplomats over an appropriate course of action. These findings illustrate the limits of ‘science in diplomacy’.
Remittances and Protest in Dictatorships
Authors: Escribà‐Folch Abel , Meseguer Covadonga , Wright Joseph 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRemittances—money migrant workers send back home—are the second largest source of international financial flows in developing countries. As with other sources of international finance, such as foreign direct investment and foreign aid, worker remittances shape politics in recipient countries. We examine the political consequences of remittances by exploring how they influence antigovernment protest behavior. While recent research argues that remittances have a pernicious effect on politics by contributing to authoritarian stability, we argue the opposite: Remittances increase political protest in nondemocracies by augmenting the resources available to potential political opponents. Using cross‐national data on a latent measure of antigovernment political protest, we show that remittances increase protest. To explore the mechanism linking remittances to protest, we turn to individual‐level data from eight nondemocracies in Africa to show that remittance receipt increases protest in opposition areas but not in progovernment regions.
Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by attenuating Th2 response and suppressing the IL‐4Rα‐Jak1‐STAT6 and Jagged1/Jagged2 ‐Notch1/Notch2 pathways in asthmatic mice
Authors: Chen Bin Lin , Chen Yan Qiu , Ma Bai Hui , Yu Si Fei , Li Li Yue , Zeng Qing Xiang , Zhou Yu Tao , Wu Yin Fan , Liu Wen long , Wan Jian Bo , Yang Yan , Li Chun Wei 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundCurcumin (Cur), derived from Curcuma species, exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Although Cur has some beneficial effects on asthma, its clinical application is limited by its low bioavailability. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), the major active metabolite of Cur, has multiple biological functions, similarly to Cur, and importantly, it showed enhanced bioavailability in tissues and plasma. However, the effect of THC on asthma has not been reported.ObjectiveThe current study sought to investigate the efficacy of dietary THC on allergic asthma compared to that of Cur in an animal model.MethodsThe anti‐inflammatory effects of Cur and THC were evaluated in an ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mouse model. The nasal symptoms, pathological alterations of the lung tissues, oxidants and antioxidants, cytokine production, T cell subsets, and Th2‐related signalling pathway activity were assessed.ResultsBoth THC and Cur had beneficial effects on asthmatic mice with regard to nasal symptoms, pathological changes (eosinophils and mucus hyper‐production), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), cytokine production (IL‐13), Th17 and cytotoxic T cell subsets, and Th2 signalling pathway (IL‐4Rα‐Jak1‐STAT6 and Jagged1/Jagged2‐Notch1/Notch2 axis) activity. THC was more effective than Cur in suppressing tissue eosinophilia, mucus production, and IL‐4Rα/Jak1/STAT6 pathway activity. Furthermore, only THC inhibited peripheral eosinophil levels, Th2 cytokines (IL‐4 and IL‐5), and Th2 cell subsets and enhanced an antioxidant enzyme (glutathione).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThe above results demonstrated for the first time that THC was superior to Cur in modulating allergic asthmatic phenotypes, especially attenuating the Th2 response. THC might be a potentially effective agent for asthma treatment.
Changes in anti-citrullinated protein antibody isotype levels in relation to disease activity and response to treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kastbom A , Roos Ljungberg K , Ziegelasch M , Wetterö J , Skogh T , Martinsson K 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease where serum analysis of anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA) is an important diagnostic/prognostic tool. Levels and changes of ACPA in RA patients have been studied previously in relation to disease course and therapy response, but less is known regarding ACPA isotype changes in early RA. Hence, recent-onset RA patients (n = 231) were subjected to a 3-year clinical and radiological follow-up. Serum samples were serially collected and ACPA isotypes were analysed using the second-generation cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) as capture antigen. Changes in ACPA isotype levels and status were related to disease course and pharmacotherapy. At inclusion, 74% of the patients tested positive for ACPA IgG; 55% for immunoglobulin (Ig)A, 37% for secretory IgA (SIgA) and 35% for IgM. The proportion of positive patients decreased significantly at follow-up regarding ACPA SIgA, IgM and IgA. During the initial 3 months, reduction of the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) correlated with reduced levels of ACPA IgG (Rho = 0·242, P = 0·003), IgA (Rho = 0·260, P = 0·008), IgM (Rho = 0·457, P &lt; 0·001) and SIgA (Rho = 0·402, P &lt; 0·001). Levels of ACPA SIgA (P = 0·008) and IgM (P = 0·021) decreased significantly among patients with good response to treatment, which was not seen regarding ACPA IgA or IgG. Changes in ACPA isotype levels were not associated with radiographic damage. In conclusion, ACPA SIgA and IgM declined rapidly upon anti-rheumatic therapy and correlated with decreased disease activity in recent-onset RA. This may indicate that down-regulation of mucosal immunity to citrullinated proteins/peptides and recruitment of new B cells are key features of therapy responses in early RA.
Transcutaneous Baha Attract system: Long‐term outcomes of the French multicenter study
Authors: Nevoux Jérôme , Coudert Cyrille , Boulet Marc , Czajka Cécile , Tavernier Laurent , Daval Mary , Ayache Denis , Meller Renaud , Rossetto Stéphane , Papon Jean‐François , Deveze Arnaud 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBone conduction implants based on abutment‐driven acoustic transmission result in good hearing outcomes; however, skin complications impact the quality of life (QOL) and possibly the viability of the device for many patients. The transcutaneous magnetic Baha® Attract technology was developed with the goal of minimising skin complications.ObjectivesTo analyse surgical, auditory and QOL outcomes for patients implanted with the Baha® Attract.DesignProspective multicentre cohort study.SettingFour French tertiary referral centres.ParticipantsThirty‐two patients implanted with the Baha® Attract, including 25 with conductive and mixed hearing loss and 7 with single‐sided deafness.Main outcome measuresPostoperative follow‐up involved the visual analysis of soft tissue adaptation and sound processor magnet strength measurement. The audiometric outcomes were evaluated in quiet and noise, and the QOL was assessed using three different questionnaires.ResultsAfter 12 months of use, soft tissue was thinner, and mean magnet strength was significantly decreased (3.7‐3.1, P < 0.05) relative to measures during surgery. The speech recognition threshold in quiet significantly improved compared to unaided situation (73‐44 dB HL respectively, P < 0.001) as did functional gain in noise (+2.8). All QOL scores improved, and the APHAB questionnaire score correlated with the audiometric outcomes.ConclusionsThe Baha® Attract technology results in significant hearing gain and improves QOL. Skin complications were not observed, although surgeons, audiologists and patients should be aware of soft tissue evolution during the first postoperative year. The reversibility of this implant is a major advantage that allows switching to another system if hearing degrades.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of BI 425809, a Novel GlyT1 Inhibitor: Translational Studies
Authors: Rosenbrock Holger , Desch Michael , Kleiner Oliver , Dorner‐Ciossek Cornelia , Schmid Bernhard , Keller Sascha , Schlecker Christina , Moschetti Viktoria , Goetz Sophia , Liesenfeld Karl‐Heinz , Fillon Gwenaelle , Giovannini Riccardo , Ramael Steven , Wunderlich Glen , Wind Sven 
Published: August 2018

BI 425809 is a potent and selective glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor being developed for the treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease and schizophrenia. Translational studies evaluated the effects of BI 425809 on glycine levels in rat and human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Oral administration of BI 425809 in rats induced a dose‐dependent increase of glycine CSF levels from 30% (0.2 mg/kg, not significant) to 78% (2 mg/kg, P < 0.01), relative to vehicle. Similarly, oral administration of BI 425809 in healthy volunteers resulted in a dose‐dependent increase in glycine CSF levels at steady state, with a mean 50% increase at doses as low as 10 mg. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of BI 425809 was achieved earlier in plasma than in CSF (tmax 3–5 vs. 5–8 hours, respectively). Generally, BI 425809 was safe and well tolerated. These data provide evidence of functional target engagement of GlyT1 by BI 425809.