bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Influence of Smallholders' Perceptions Regarding Water Availability on Crop Choice and Water Allocation Through Socio‐Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Kuil L. , Evans T. , McCord P. F. , Salinas J.L. , Blöschl G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile it is known that farmers adopt different decision‐making behaviors to cope with stresses, it remains challenging to capture this diversity in formal model frameworks that are used to advance theory and inform policy. Guided by cognitive theory and the theory of bounded rationality, this research develops a novel, socio‐hydrological model framework that can explore how a farmer's perception of water availability impacts crop choice and water allocation. The model is informed by a rich empirical data set at the household level collected during 2013 in Kenya's Upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin that shows that the crop type cultivated is correlated with water availability. The model is able to simulate this pattern and shows that near‐optimal or “satisficing” crop patterns can emerge also when farmers were to make use of simple decision rules and have diverse perceptions on water availability. By focusing on farmer decision making it also captures the rebound effect, i.e., as additional water becomes available through the improvement of crop efficiencies it will be reallocated on the farm instead of flowing downstream, as a farmer will adjust his (her) water allocation and crop pattern to the new water conditions. This study is valuable as it is consistent with the theory of bounded rationality, and thus offers an alternative, descriptive model in addition to normative models. The framework can be used to understand the potential impact of climate change on the socio‐hydrological system, to simulate and test various assumptions regarding farmer behavior and to evaluate policy interventions.
Exploring the Dynamics of Transit Times and Subsurface Mixing in a Small Agricultural Catchment
Authors: Yang Jie , Heidbüchel Ingo , Musolff Andreas , Reinstorf Frido , Fleckenstein Jan H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe analysis of transit/residence time distributions (TTDs and RTDs) provides important insights into the dynamics of stream‐water ages and subsurface mixing. These insights have significant implications for water quality. For a small agricultural catchment in central Germany, we use a 3D fully coupled surface‐subsurface hydrological model to simulate water flow and perform particle tracking to determine flow paths and transit times. The TTDs of discharge, RTDs of storage and fractional StorAge Selection (fSAS) functions are computed and analyzed on daily basis for a period of 10 years. Results show strong seasonal fluctuations of the median transit time of discharge and the median residence time, with the former being strongly related to the catchment wetness. Computed fSAS functions suggest systematic shifts of the discharge selection preference over four main periods: In the wet period, the youngest water in storage is preferentially selected, and this preference shifts gradually toward older ages of stored water when the catchment transitions into the drying, dry and wetting periods. These changes are driven by distinct shifts in the dominance of deeper flow paths and fast shallow flow paths. Changes in the shape of the fSAS functions can be captured by changes in the two parameters of the approximating Beta distributions, allowing the generation of continuous fSAS functions representing the general catchment behavior. These results improve our understanding of the seasonal dynamics of TTDs and fSAS functions for a complex real‐world catchment and are important for interpreting solute export to the stream in a spatially implicit manner.
Resolving Size Distribution of Black Carbon Internally Mixed With Snow: Impact on Snow Optical Properties and Albedo
Authors: He Cenlin , Liou Kuo‐Nan , Takano Yoshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe develop a stochastic aerosol‐snow albedo model that explicitly resolves size distribution of aerosols internally mixed with various snow grains. We use the model to quantify black carbon (BC) size effects on snow albedo and optical properties for BC‐snow internal mixing. Results show that BC‐induced snow single‐scattering coalbedo enhancement and albedo reduction decrease by a factor of 2–3 with increasing BC effective radii from 0.05 to 0.25 μm, while polydisperse BC results in up to 40% smaller visible single‐scattering coalbedo enhancement and albedo reduction compared to monodisperse BC with equivalent effective radii. We further develop parameterizations for BC size effects for application to climate models. Compared with a realistic polydisperse assumption and observed shifts to larger BC sizes in snow, respectively, assuming monodisperse BC and typical atmospheric BC effective radii could lead to overestimates of ~24% and ~40% in BC‐snow albedo forcing averaged over different BC and snow conditions.
Cloud Condensate and Radiative Feedbacks at Midlatitudes in an Aquaplanet
Authors: Bodas‐Salcedo A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClimate models show a robust negative feedback in the midlatitudes, coincident with an increase in cloud liquid in the mixed‐phase region of the control climate. This “mixed‐phase feedback” is normally attributed to a feedback caused by a phase change feedback (ice to liquid). Here we use an aquaplanet configuration to investigate this in more detail. We use high‐frequency instantaneous diagnostics and composite them in ascending and descending regimes. We find that a large fraction of the increase in cloud liquid water in the mixed‐phase region does not significantly contribute to the radiative feedback due to a masking effect of the ice cloud above. Using some simple arguments and approximate calculations, we estimate that about one third of the total shortwave negative radiative feedback is driven by a phase change feedback, whereas the rest of the feedback is driven by changes in ice and warm liquid clouds.
Bayesian Analysis of the Glacial‐Interglacial Methane Increase Constrained by Stable Isotopes and Earth System Modeling
Authors: Hopcroft Peter O. , Valdes Paul J. , Kaplan Jed O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe observed rise in atmospheric methane (CH4) from 375 ppbv during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM: 21,000 years ago) to 680 ppbv during the late preindustrial era is not well understood. Atmospheric chemistry considerations implicate an increase in CH4 sources, but process‐based estimates fail to reproduce the required amplitude. CH4 stable isotopes provide complementary information that can help constrain the underlying causes of the increase. We combine Earth System model simulations of the late preindustrial and LGM CH4 cycles, including process‐based estimates of the isotopic discrimination of vegetation, in a box model of atmospheric CH4 and its isotopes. Using a Bayesian approach, we show how model‐based constraints and ice core observations may be combined in a consistent probabilistic framework. The resultant posterior distributions point to a strong reduction in wetland and other biogenic CH4 emissions during the LGM, with a modest increase in the geological source, or potentially natural or anthropogenic fires, accounting for the observed enrichment of δ13CH4.
Formation of Alkenes by Cyclization, Annulation, and Related Reactions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThree‐Membered RingsFour‐Membered RingsFive‐Membered RingsSix‐Membered RingsSeven‐Membered RingsVarious‐Membered Rings
Whole genome sequencing of Caribbean Hispanic families with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vardarajan Badri N. , Barral Sandra , Jaworski James , Beecham Gary W. , Blue Elizabeth , Tosto Giuseppe , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Medrano Martin , Lantigua Rafael , Naj Adam , Thornton Timothy , DeStefano Anita , Martin Eden , Wang Li‐San , Brown Lisa , Bush William , van Duijn Cornelia , Goate Allison , Farrer Lindsay , Haines Jonathan L. , Boerwinkle Eric , Schellenberg Gerard , Wijsman Ellen , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Mayeux Richard ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify rare causal variants underlying known loci that segregate with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in multiplex families.MethodsWe analyzed whole genome sequences (WGS) from 351 members of 67 Caribbean Hispanic (CH) families from Dominican Republic and New York multiply affected by LOAD. Members of 67 CH and additional 47 Caucasian families underwent WGS as a part of the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). All members of 67 CH families, an additional 48 CH families and an independent CH case‐control cohort were subsequently genotyped for validation. Patients met criteria for LOAD, and controls were determined to be dementia free. We investigated rare variants segregating within families and gene‐based associations with disease within LOAD GWAS loci.ResultsA variant in AKAP9, p.R434W, segregated significantly with LOAD in two large families (OR = 5.77, 95% CI: 1.07–30.9, P = 0.041). In addition, missense mutations in MYRF and ASRGL1 under previously reported linkage peaks at 7q14.3 and 11q12.3 segregated completely in one family and in follow‐up genotyping both were nominally significant (P < 0.05). We also identified rare variants in a number of genes associated with LOAD in prior genome wide association studies, including CR1 (P = 0.049), BIN1 (P = 0.0098) and SLC24A4 (P = 0.040).Conclusions and RelevanceRare variants in multiple genes influence the risk of LOAD disease in multiplex families. These results suggest that rare variants may underlie loci identified in genome wide association studies.
A learning control algorithm for periodic robot synchronization: Experimental results
Authors: Gnucci M. , Gospodarczyk M. , Carnevale D. , Tiberti M. , Tomei P. , Verrelli C. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA repetitive learning control algorithm, that achieves asymptotic joint position tracking for robotic manipulators characterized by uncertain dynamics and performing a repetitive task, can be theoretically and experimentally endowed with a recursive period identifier. Experimental results illustrate its application to a 2‐link robot master‐slave synchronization problem, in which the joint positions of the master, ie, “periodic” with uncertain and even time‐varying period, are only available at runtime.
Few‐Layer MoSe2 Nanosheets with Expanded (002) Planes Confined in Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for Ultrahigh‐Performance Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Hui , Guo Hong , Liu Beihong , Liang Mengfang , Lv Zhaolin , Adair Keegan R. , Sun Xueliang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries, due to the abundant reserves and low price of Na sources. To date, the development of anode materials for SIBs is still confronted with many serious problems. In this work, encapsulation‐type structured MoSe2@hollow carbon nanosphere (HCNS) materials assembled with expanded (002) planes few‐layer MoSe2 nanosheets confined in HCNS are successfully synthesized through a facile strategy. Notably, the interlayer spacing of the (002) planes is expanded to 1.02 nm, which is larger than the intrinsic value of pristine MoSe2 (0.64 nm). Furthermore, the few‐layer nanosheets are space‐confined in the inner cavity of the HCNS, forming hybrid MoSe2@HCNS structures. When evaluated as anode materials for SIBs, it shows excellent rate capabilities, ultralong cycling life with exceptional Coulombic efficiency even at high current density, maintaining 501 and 471 mA h g−1 over 1000 cycles at 1 and 3 A g−1, respectively. Even when cycled at current densities as high as 10 A g−1, a capacity retention of 382 mA h g−1 can be achieved. The expanded (002) planes, 2D few‐layer nanosheets, and unique carbon shell structure are responsible for the ultralong cycling and high rate performance.
Self‐Assembly of Thiourea‐Crosslinked Graphene Oxide Framework Membranes toward Separation of Small Molecules
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Gong Dian , Li Guihua , Zeng Gaofeng , Wang Qiyan , Zhang Yelei , Liu Guojuan , Wu Ping , Vovk Evgeny , Peng Zheng , Zhou Xiaohong , Yang Yong , Liu Zhi , Sun Yuhan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe poor mechanical strength of graphene oxide (GO) membranes, caused by the weak interlamellar interactions, poses a critical challenge for any practical application. In addition, intrinsic but large‐sized 2D channels of stacked GO membranes lead to low selectivity for small molecules. To address the mechanical strength and 2D channel size control, thiourea covalent‐linked graphene oxide framework (TU‐GOF) membranes on porous ceramics are developed through a facile hydrothermal self‐assembly synthesis. With this strategy, thiourea‐bridged GO laminates periodically through the dehydration condensation reactions via NH2 and/or SH with OCOH as well as the nucleophilic addition reactions of NH2 to COC, leading to narrowed and structurally well‐defined 2D channels due to the small dimension of the covalent TU‐link and the deoxygenated processes. The resultant TU‐GOF/ceramic composite membranes feature excellent sieving capabilities for small species, leading to high hydrogen permselectivities and nearly complete rejections for methanol and small ions in gas, solvent, and saline water separations. Moreover, the covalent bonding formed at the GO/support and GO/GO interfaces endows the composite membrane with significantly enhanced stability.
Mediating Short‐Term Plasticity in an Artificial Memristive Synapse by the Orientation of Silica Mesopores
Authors: Li Bin , Liu Yaqing , Wan Changjin , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Ming , Qi Dianpeng , Yu Jiancan , Cai Pingqiang , Xiao Meng , Zeng Yi , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMemristive synapses based on resistive switching are promising electronic devices that emulate the synaptic plasticity in neural systems. Short‐term plasticity (STP), reflecting a temporal strengthening of the synaptic connection, allows artificial synapses to perform critical computational functions, such as fast response and information filtering. To mediate this fundamental property in memristive electronic devices, the regulation of the dynamic resistive change is necessary for an artificial synapse. Here, it is demonstrated that the orientation of mesopores in the dielectric silica layer can be used to modulate the STP of an artificial memristive synapse. The dielectric silica layer with vertical mesopores can facilitate the formation of a conductive pathway, which underlies a lower set voltage (≈1.0 V) compared to these with parallel mesopores (≈1.2 V) and dense amorphous silica (≈2.0 V). Also, the artificial memristive synapses with vertical mesopores exhibit the fastest current increase by successive voltage pulses. Finally, oriented silica mesopores are designed for varying the relaxation time of memory, and thus the successful mediation of STP is achieved. The implementation of mesoporous orientation provides a new perspective for engineering artificial synapses with multilevel learning and forgetting capability, which is essential for neuromorphic computing.
Nanoparticle Interactions Guided by Shape‐Dependent Hydrophobic Forces
Authors: Tan Shu Fen , Raj Sanoj , Bisht Geeta , Annadata Harshini V. , Nijhuis Christian A. , Král Petr , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of solvated nanoparticles (NPs) is governed by numerous competing interactions. However, relatively little is known about the time‐dependent mechanisms through which these interactions enable and guide the nanoparticle self‐assembly process. Here, using in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging combined with atomistic modeling, it is shown that the forces governing the self‐assembly of hydrophobic nanoparticles change with the nanoparticle shapes. By comparing how gold nanospheres, nanocubes, nanorods, and nanobipyramids assemble, it is shown that the strength of the hydrophobic interactions depends on the overlap of the hydrophobic regions of the interacting nanoparticle surfaces determined by the nanoparticle shapes. Specifically, this study reveals that, in contrast to spherical nanoparticles, where van der Waals forces play an important role, hydrophobic interactions can be more relevant for nanocubes with flat side faces, where an oriented attachment between the nanocubes is promoted by these interactions. The attachment of nanocubes is observed to proceed in two distinct pathways: nanocubes either: (i) prealign their faces before the attachment, or (ii) first connect through a misaligned (edge‐to‐edge) attachment, followed by a postattachment alignment of their faces. These results have important implications for understanding the interaction dynamics of NPs and provide the framework for the design of future self‐assembled nanomaterials.
Surface Fluorination of ALD TiO2 Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zardetto Valerio , di Giacomo Francesco , Lifka Herbert , Verheijen Marcel A. , Weijtens Christ H. L. , Black Lachlan E. , Veenstra Sjoerd , Kessels Wilhelmus M. M. , Andriessen Ronn , Creatore Mariadriana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging among the photovoltaic (PV) technologies due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in combination with potentially low cost manufacturing processing. In this contribution, the fabrication of efficient planar n‐i‐p PSCs by the modification of the electron transport layer (ETL) adopted as n‐type contact is demonstrated. Specifically, a fluorine‐based plasma treatment prior to perovskite deposition leads to surface fluorination of the TiO2 ETL. The presence of fluorine on the TiO2 surface drastically improves the adhesion between the ALD layer and the methylammonium lead iodide perovskite film, and leads to a more favourable energy band alignment, accompanied by a faster electron carrier extraction at the interface. As consequence of surface fluorination, we observe a significant reduction in the current density‐voltage curve hysteresis with respect to the ALD based reference sample, as well as a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency from 4% up to a stable 14.8%.
De novo hotspot variants in CYFIP2 cause early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Nakashima Mitsuko , Kato Mitsuhiro , Aoto Kazushi , Shiina Masaaki , Belal Hazrat , Mukaida Souichi , Kumada Satoko , Sato Atsushi , Zerem Ayelet , Lerman‐Sagie Tally , Lev Dorit , Leong Huey Yin , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Miyatake Satoko , Miyake Noriko , Ogata Kazuhiro , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe cytoplasmic fragile X mental retardation 1 interacting proteins 2 (CYFIP2) is a component of the WASP‐family verprolin‐homologous protein (WAVE) regulatory complex, which is involved in actin dynamics. An obvious association of CYFIP2 variants with human neurological disorders has never been reported. Here, we identified de novo hotspot CYFIP2 variants in neurodevelopmental disorders and explore the possible involvement of the CYFIP2 mutants in the WAVE signaling pathway.MethodsWe performed trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in 210 families and case‐only WES in 489 individuals with epileptic encephalopathies. The functional effect of CYFIP2 variants on WAVE signaling was evaluated by computational structural analysis and in vitro transfection experiments.ResultsWe identified three de novo CYFIP2 variants at the Arg87 residue in 4 unrelated individuals with early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy. Structural analysis indicated that the Arg87 residue is buried at an interface between CYFIP2 and WAVE1, and the Arg87 variant may disrupt hydrogen bonding, leading to structural instability and aberrant activation of the WAVE regulatory complex. All mutant CYFIP2 showed comparatively weaker interactions to the VCA domain than wild‐type CYFIP2. Immunofluorescence revealed that ectopic speckled accumulation of actin and CYFIP2 was significantly increased in cells transfected with mutant CYFIP2.InterpretationOur findings suggest that de novo Arg87 variants in CYFIP2 have gain‐of‐function effects on the WAVE signaling pathway and are associated with severe neurological disorders. Ann Neurol 2018;83:794–806
Bilateral taste disorders in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome and Bell palsy
Authors: Pavlidis Pavlos , Cámara Rafael J. A. , Kekes Georgios , Gouveris Haralampos 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveRamsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) and Bell palsy (BP) are typically known as facial nerve motor syndromes and are primarily unilateral. The aim of this study was to challenge this assertion, because both conditions are also known to be associated with viruses that typically affect several nerves.MethodsTen participants with RHS, 12 with BP, all clinically unilateral, and 12 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Electrogustometric thresholds were measured bilaterally in the areas of the chorda tympani, the glossopharyngeal, and the major petrosal nerve. Also bilaterally, the taste function was tested using chemogustometry with different tastant concentrations. Again bilaterally, the morphology of the mucosa and the vessels of the anterior fungiform papillae were examined by contact endoscopy. Statistically, RHS and BP participants were compared with the healthy controls, and the paretic sides of RHS and BP were compared pairwise with their mobile sides.ResultsElectrogustometrically, perception was reduced bilaterally in RHS (10–19dB, p < 0.001) and BP (3–5dB, p = 0.011–0.030) in all 3 innervation areas. Chemogustometrically, it was also reduced bilaterally in RHS (20–70%) and BP (8–50%). Papillary atrophies were increased 100% in RHS (p = 0.001) and BP (p < 0.001). They were more increased on the paretic side in RHS (30%, p = 0.078) and BP (83%, p < 0.001).InterpretationIn these 2 clinically unilateral conditions, the gustatory perception and morphology are bilaterally affected, more in RHS and more on the paretic side. BP, known as an isolated motor condition, appears to be a cranial polyneuritis. A bilateral examination and therapeutic gustatory monitoring might follow these observations in evidence‐based practice. Ann Neurol 2018;83:807–815