bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh diet dengan pengaturan indeks glikemik dan beban glikemik terhadap kadar glukosa darah atlet sepak bola remaja
Authors: Siwi Tabita Prawita , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Fitranti Deny Yudi 
Published: February 2018

Background : Stability of blood glucose level is the important key of football match. Low Glycemic Load (GL) foods can decrease the metabolism change during postprandial time and during exercise. Objective : The purpose of this study was to know the effect of diet with arrangement Glycemic Index (GI) and GL on blood glucose level in young football athletes.Methods : Quasi experimental study on 21 male football athletes aged 14-18 years old at Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Pelajar (PPLP) Jawa Tengah. Subjects were divided into three groups : High GI with High GL diet (H-H) with GI=70 GL=47, Low GI with High GL diet (L-H) with GI=35 GL=22, and Low GI with Low GL diet (L-L) with GI=34 GL=6. Subjects fasted before intervention. Data collected were VO2max and body fat percentage, blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hour after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after running exercised with distance 2.4 km (BGL 3). Bivariate analysis used Kruskall Wallis test.Results : All of groups have same characteristics of age, body fat precentage, and VO2max. There were significant effect of diet with arrangement GI and GL on BGL 1 and BGL 2 (p<0.05), there was no effect of diet with arrangement GI and GL on BGL 3 (p>0.05).Conclusion : Diets with arrangement Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load affected blood glucose level one hour and two hour after intervention. The increases of blood glucose level occured significantly in group that given low Glycemic Index and low Glycemic Load diet.
Potensi yogurt kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L) ditinjau dari sifat organoleptik, kandungan protein, lemak dan flavonoid
Authors: Putriningtyas Natalia Desy , Wahyuningsih Siti 
Published: February 2018

Background: Yogurt is one of fermented milk products. Yogurt can also be made from red beans milk (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Red beans milk has a better taste and flavor compared to the other legumes. Red beans are a good source of complex carbohydrates, protein, vitamin B, iron, calcium,phosphorus and also rich in fiber and flavonoids. Red beans yogurt is one of the innovations of fermented red beans products. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the differences of red beans yogurt on organoleptic properties, protein, lipid and flavonoid contents. Methods: The study was held in February- September 2017 at Microbiology Laboratory of Center for Food and Nutrition, Gadjah Mada University and Dietetic and Culinary Laboratory of Respati University, Yogyakarta. The study was experimental design using Completely Randomized research Design (CRD) with four treatments, each replicated two times. The formulation of yogurt were A (control from cow milk and 2% skim milk); B (red beans and 2% skim milk); C (red beans and skim milk with comparison 1:0.5); D (red beans and skim milk with comparison 1:1). Hedonic scale test form was used for measuring organoleptic properties, such as flavor, taste, texture, colour and overall organoleptic properties. Hedonic level was done by twenty semi trained panelist. The difference of organoleptic properties were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and continued by Mann Whitney U test. Results: Flavor, color, taste,and texture and overall organoleptic properties between groups were significantly different; p=0.001 respectively. The protein, lipid and flavonoid content between groups were not significantly different; p= 0.083; 0.919; 0.083 respectively. Yogurt C was preferable with a ratio of skim milk to red beans of 1:0.5. The highest protein and fat content was found in yogurt D. The highest flavonoid was found in yogurt C. Conclusion: There were no differences in protein, lipid and flavonoid content but different in organoleptic properties.
An Automated Large-Scale Apparatus for 3-D Cyclic Testing of Soil-Structure Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Jian-Min , Feng Da-Kuo , Hou Wen-Jun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Soil-structure interfaces exist widely in many geotechnical applications and play an important role in soil-structure interaction. Few data have been found on the three-dimensional (3-D) interface behaviors because of the limitation of test devices. A new large-scale test apparatus—the 80-ton 3-D Multifunction Apparatus for Soil-structure interface (3DMAS)—has been professionally designed and developed to investigate the cyclic behaviors of soil-structure interfaces subjected to 2-D and 3-D complex loading conditions. New features of the 3DMAS apparatus include: (1) accurate 3-D loading and control system to allow 3-D interface tests; (2) high loading capability and installation of large test specimens; (3) new measurement method to enable the direct measurement of the structure’s displacement relative to the soil; (4) accurate application of three typical boundary conditions normal to the interface; (5) accurate application of various shear paths in tangential direction; (6) computerized and automated control and measurement systems, allowing forces and displacements to be easily and accurately controlled and measured. The effectiveness and reliability of this apparatus has been verified by a series of 3-D displacement-controlled and stress-controlled direct shear tests conducted on the interface between gravelly soils and structures under the three normal conditions of constant stress, constant stiffness, and constant volume. Typical test results indicate that the 3-D mechanical behavior of soil-structure interfaces is significantly different from the 2-D behavior and that it is necessary to systematically investigate the 3-D shearing behavior of the interface.
Electrophysiological Signatures of Spatial Boundaries in the Human Subiculum
Authors: Lee Sang Ah , Miller Jonathan F. , Watrous Andrew J. , Sperling Michael R. , Sharan Ashwini , Worrell Gregory A. , Berry Brent M. , Aronson Joshua P. , Davis Kathryn A. , Gross Robert E. , Lega Bradley , Sheth Sameer , Das Sandhitsu R. , Stein Joel M. , Gorniak Richard , Rizzuto Daniel S. , Jacobs Joshua 
Published: February 2018

Environmental boundaries play a crucial role in spatial navigation and memory across a wide range of distantly related species. In rodents, boundary representations have been identified at the single-cell level in the subiculum and entorhinal cortex of the hippocampal formation. Although studies of hippocampal function and spatial behavior suggest that similar representations might exist in humans, boundary-related neural activity has not been identified electrophysiologically in humans until now. To address this gap in the literature, we analyzed intracranial recordings from the hippocampal formation of surgical epilepsy patients (of both sexes) while they performed a virtual spatial navigation task and compared the power in three frequency bands (1–4, 4–10, and 30–90 Hz) for target locations near and far from the environmental boundaries. Our results suggest that encoding locations near boundaries elicited stronger theta oscillations than for target locations near the center of the environment and that this difference cannot be explained by variables such as trial length, speed, movement, or performance. These findings provide direct evidence of boundary-dependent neural activity localized in humans to the subiculum, the homolog of the hippocampal subregion in which most boundary cells are found in rodents, and indicate that this system can represent attended locations that rather than the position of one's own body.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpatial computations using environmental boundaries are an integral part of the brain's spatial mapping system. In rodents, border/boundary cells in the subiculum and entorhinal cortex reveal boundary coding at the single-neuron level. Although there is good reason to believe that such representations also exist in humans, the evidence has thus far been limited to functional neuroimaging studies that broadly implicate the hippocampus in boundary-based navigation. By combining intracranial recordings with high-resolution imaging of hippocampal subregions, we identified a neural marker of boundary representation in the human subiculum.
Kardiyopulmoner Bypass Esnasında Antikoagülan Kullanımı Mikrotrombüs Oluşumunu Tam Olarak Engelliyor mu?
Authors: KARASU Veli Eşref , EROĞLU Erdinç , YASIM Alptekin , KILINÇ Metin , ACIPAYAM Mehmet , KOÇARSLAN Aydemir , KİRİŞÇİ Mehmet 
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kardiyopulmoner bypass esnasında heparin
kullanımının mikrotrombüs oluşumunu tam olarak engelleyip engellemediği incelenmiştir.

Materyal ve Metod: Açık kalp cerrahisi yapılan 42 hastada anestezi
indüksiyonu öncesi, kardiyopulmoner bypass (KPB) başladıktan yarım saat sonra,
sternum kapatıldıktan sonra ve postoperatif 1. günde faktör II, V, VII, X,
antitrombin-III, protein C, protein S, fibrinojen, d-dimer, PT, aPTT ve
hemogram için kan örnekleri alınarak koagulasyon sistemi değerlendirildi.
Ayrıca karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyonları ile nörokognitif fonksiyonlar
değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: FII, FV, FVII, FX, AT III ve protein C değerleri KPB
esnasında preoperatif değerine göre anlamlı olarak düşmekte, daha sonra yavaş
yavaş yükselmekteydi. Protein S değeri
ise KPB esnasında anlamlı olarak yükselmekte ve sonra preoperetif değerlerine
inmekteydi. Fibrinojen seviyeleri dalgalı olarak seyrederken D dimer, PT ve
aPTT değerleri KPB esnasında yükselmekteydi. Hemoglobin, hematokrit ve
trombosit değerleri de KPB esnasında düşmekte, sonra yavaş yavaş
yükselmekteydi. Hastalarda belirgin bir böbrek veya karaciğer fonksiyon
bozukluğu ve nörokognitif fonksiyonlarda bozukluk saptanmadı.

Sonuç: KPB esnasında koagulasyon
faktörlerinin azalmakta ve ardından yükselmesinin hemodilüsyona bağlı olabileceği
düşünülebilir. Ancak D dimer seviyelerindeki artış, KPB esnasında bir trombüs
oluşumu meydana geldiğini göstermektedir. Ancak bu trombüs oluşumu klinik
olarak anlamlı değildir.
Living with a foreign organ: counselling needs of living liver transplant recipients
Authors: PEKİN İŞERİ Özge , KARAYURT Özgül , YILMAZ Sezai 
Published: February 2018

urpose: Liver transplantation can be a lifesaving option for people with acute/chronic liver failure. Although liver transplantation has positive outcomes, the recipients experience many physical, psychological and social problems. It is of great importance to satisfy their needs for counselling so that they can overcome these problems. The aim of the study was to describe the counselling needs of living liver transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was used. The study was conducted between November 2012 and December 2012. In-depth interviews were performed with sixteen participants who had experiences of living liver transplantation. Data were analyzed with inductive content analysis. Results: The liver transplant recipients’ counselling needs were categorized into two main themes: ‘’pre-transplantation period counselling needs’’ and ‘’post-transplant period counselling needs’’. Subthemes were also identified and described. The first main theme had three subthemes (causes and symptoms of liver failure, treatment process, living donors) and the second main theme had four subthemes (medications used, possible complications, sexuality and body image and life after transplantation). Conclusions: The results indicate that the living liver transplant recipients’ currently have insufﬁcient knowledge about transplantation periods and they need counselling.
Sigaranın akciğer yaşı ve solunum fonksiyon testleri üzerine olan etkisi
Authors: Demirbaş Nur , Kutlu Ruhuşen 
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Akciğer yaşı cinsiyete, hastanın boyu ve bir saniye içinde zorlu ekspiratuvar hacim (FEV1)’e göre hesaplanan, akciğerlerdeki sigara içimine bağlı erken değişiklikleri göstermek ve hastaları sigara bırakmaya motive etmek için kullanılan bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sigaranın akciğer yaşı ve solunum fonksiyon testleri üzerine olan etkisini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma 85 sigara içen ve 85 sigara içmeyen bireyde yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş, cinsiyet, eğitimleri, medeni durumu, mesleği, karbon monoksit (CO) değerleri, Fagerström bağımlılık puanları ve solunum fonksiyon testi sonuçları kaydedildi. Akciğer yaşı, cinsiyete göre ayrı ayrı boy ve solunum fonksiyon testi ile ölçülen FEV1 değeri kullanılarak hesaplandı.Bulgular: Sigara içenlerin ortalama kronolojik yaşı 35.81 ± 12.27 yaş, ortalama akciğer yaşı 57.15 ± 23.54 idi. Sigara içmeyenlerin kronolojik yaş ortalaması 34.93 ± 10.85 yıl ve akciğerlerin yaş ortalaması 44.17 ± 16.23 yıl idi. Sigara içen hastaların akciğer yaşı ile paket/yıl arasında pozitif yönde orta derecede anlamlı bir korelasyon vardı. Sigara içen katılımcıların CO düzeyi ortalaması 12.22±5.87 ppm, Fagerström sigara bağımlılığı ortalaması 6.61±2.28 puan, sigara içilen paket/yıl ortalaması 21.82±14.69 idi. Sigara içenlerin FEV1 ve zorlu vital kapasite (FVC) değerleri sigara içmeyenlere göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda sigara içenlerin akciğer yaşı sigara içmeyenlere göre daha yüksek bulundu. Sigara bırakma polikliniklerinde kılavuzların önerdiği davranışsal bilişsel yöntemler, motivasyonel destek ve farmakolojik tedavi birlikte uygulanmaktadır. Bunların yanısıra, kişilere akciğer fonksiyon testlerinin sonuçlarını, kronolojik yaş ile kişinin akciğer yaşı arasındaki farklılıkları anlatmak onları sigara bırakmak için motive edecektir.
Lipomas of head and neck
Authors: D. C. Sathyaki , Roy Mereen Susan 
Published: February 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Lipomas are rare in head and neck. In head and neck it is more common in posterior triangle. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">All patients with lipoma presenting to the OPD in a tertiary care centre. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Lipomas were common in posterior triangle and was more common in males. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Ultrasound and FNAC aid in diagnosis of Lipoma.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Pembiasaan Beragama dan Berbudi Pekerti Siswa
Authors: Yani Handa 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini membahas peran kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam mewujudkan budaya pendidikan budi pekerti di SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga. Masalah yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pembiasaan beragama dan berbudi pekerti siswa SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga tahun 2014/2015. Sesuai dengan pendekatan kualitatif, kehadiran peneliti di lapangan penting sebagai instrumen langsung sebagai pengumpul data dari observasi mendalam dan terlibat secara aktif dalam penelitian. Penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sebagai pengamat untuk data yang telah diperoleh dari hasil wawancara terhadap peran kinerja kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam pembiasaan beragama dan berbudi pekerti di SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga pada tahun 2014/2015. Analisis data dilakukan dengan memeriksa data yang ada, reduksi data, penyajian data, menarik kesimpulan kemudian validitas data dengan menggunakan pengamatan triangulasi. Berdasarkan penelitian, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa peran kepemimpinan sekolah sebagai pendidik, manajer, administrator, supervisor, pemimpin, inovator dan motivator. Pembiasaan karakter religius dan budi pekerti adalah untuk mengatur kegiatan, baik yang bersifat rutin, spontan, terprogram, maupun keteladanan. This study discusses the role of Principal leadership in bringing cultures of moral education in SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga. The problems are examined in this study is how the religious and well-mannered habituated to students of SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga in the year of 2014/2015. In accordance with a qualitative approach, the presence of researchers in the field is important to remember to act directly as a researcher and as a direct instrument of collecting data from the depth observation and are actively involved in research. The author uses data collection techniques by observation, interviews, and documentation as an observer to the data which have been obtained from interviews on the role of school leadership performance of religious habituation and virtuous character in SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga in the year of 2014/2015. The data analysis was done by examining existing data, data reduction, data presentation, draw conclusions then entered into the validity of the data using triangulation observations persistence. Based on the research, the researcher concludes that the role of school leadership is as an educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator and motivator. The principal religious and virtuous character habituations are to organize activities both routine, spontaneous, programmatic, and exemplary. Kata kunci: kepemimpinan, pembiasaan, budi pekerti
Peranan Guru PAI dalam Pendidikan Akhlak di Sekolah
Authors: Kuswanto Edi 
Published: February 2018

Pendidikan moral saat ini memiliki peran penting di suatu negara, sehingga layaknya pendidikan sekarang ini lebih diarahkan untuk membentuk karakter bangsa. Masalah yang timbul di bidang pendidikan, khususnya pendidikan moral merupakan tanggung jawab seorang pendidik (guru). Guru (pendidik) sebagai pelaksana kurikulum harus mampu menerapkan kurikulum dalam proses pembelajaran. Permasalahan yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah apa yang harus dilakukan guru (pendidik) supaya pendidikan akhlak tidak hanya dipahami oleh peserta didik tetapi mampu diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif menggunakan metode interaktif dan non interaktif. Dalam pendidikan moral di sekolah, guru memiliki peran yang sangat dominan, sedangkan peran yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru adalah sebagai berikut: 1) peran sebelum proses pembelajaran adalah: guru sebagai desainer instruksional, guru sebagai penjaga system nilai (teladan) serta guru pengganti orang tua; 2) peran dalam proses pembelajaran adalah: organizer, fasilitator, motivator, inovator dan mentor; 3) peran setelah proses pembelajaran adalah: evaluator. Moral education has an important role in the state, so that education is directed to shape the character of the nation. Issues that arise in the educational field, especially moral education is the responsibility of educator (teacher). Teachers as curriculum implementers should be able to apply the curriculum in the learning process. The problems observed in this study is what should teacher / educator do so that moral education is not only understood by learners but can be applied in everyday life. This research is a qualitative descriptive approach using interactive and non-interactive methods. In moral education at schools, teachers have a very dominant role, while the role which can be done by the teacher in outline as follows: 1) the role of pre-learning such as: teachers as instructional designers, teachers as a guard value (role model) as well as a substitute teacher parents; 2) role in the learning process such as: organizer, facilitator, motivator, innovator and mentor; 3) the role after learning such as: the evaluator. Kata kunci: guru pendidikan agama islam, akhlak, moral
Adaptive Behavior of Sheltered Homeless Children in the French ENFAMS Survey
Authors: Darbeda Stéphane , Falissard Bruno , Orri Massimiliano , Barry Caroline , Melchior Maria , Chauvin Pierre , Vandentorren Stéphanie 
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To describe the adaptive behaviors in a large sample of homeless children and identify factors associated with developmental delay. Methods. Data were from a cross-sectional survey of 557 children younger than 6 years randomly sampled among homeless sheltered families in the Paris region, France (January–May 2013). An interviewer and a psychologist conducted face-to-face interviews to collect information on sociodemographic and health characteristics. We assessed adaptive behaviors using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (VABS-II). Results. The mean VABS-II composite score (SD) was 75.4 (12.0), and most participating children (80.9%) were considered developmentally delayed. Characteristics negatively associated with children’s developmental score were age, birth in a country other than France, low birth weight, and past-year hospitalization. Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of developmental delays among children growing up homeless. Public Health Implications. Long-term integrated programs improving parenting and children’s opportunities for stimulation and socialization should be developed in daycare centers, schools, shelters, and medical practices to minimize negative effects of early living conditions on children’s development.
Mechanisms by Which Anti-Immigrant Stigma Exacerbates Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities
Authors: Morey Brittany N. 
Published: February 2018

Anti-immigrant rhetoric and political actions gained prominence and public support before, during, and after the 2016 presidential election. This anti-immigrant political environment threatens to increase health disparities among undocumented persons, immigrant groups, and people of color. I discuss the mechanisms by which anti-immigrant stigma exacerbates racial/ethnic health disparities through increasing multilevel discrimination and stress, deportation and detention, and policies that limit health resources. I argue that the anti-immigrant sociopolitical context is a social determinant of health that affects mostly communities of color, both immigrants and nonimmigrants. Public health has a moral obligation to consider how immigration policy is health policy and to be prepared to respond to worsening health disparities as a result of anti-immigrant racism.