bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIS‐Acting Allele‐Specific Expression Differences Induced by Alcohol and Impacted by Sex as Well as Parental Genotype of Origin
Authors: Lo Chiao‐Ling , Lumeng Lawrence , Bell Richard L. , Liang Tiebing , Lossie Amy C. , Muir Williams M. , Zhou Feng C. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUDs) are influenced by complex interactions between the genetics of the individual and their environment. We have previously identified hundreds of polygenic genetic variants between the selectively bred high‐ and low‐alcohol drinking (HAD and LAD) rat lines. Here, we report allele‐specific expression (ASE) differences, between the HAD2 and LAD2 rat lines.MethodsThe HAD2 and LAD2 rats, which have been sequenced, were reciprocally crossed to generate 10 litters of F1 progeny. For 5 of these litters, the sire was HAD2, and for the other 5 litters, the sire was a LAD2. From these 10 litters, 2 males and 2 females were picked from each F1 litter (N = 40 total). The F1 pups were divided, balancing for sex and direction of cross, into an alcohol (15%) versus a water control group. Alcohol drinking started in the middle of adolescence (~postnatal day 35) and lasted 9 weeks. At the end of these treatments, rats were euthanized, the nucleus accumbens was dissected, and RNA was processed for RNA‐sequencing and ASE analyses.ResultsAnalyses revealed that adolescent ethanol (EtOH) drinking, individual EtOH drinking levels, parentage, and sex‐of‐animal affected ASEs of about 300 genes. The identified genes included those associated with EtOH metabolism (e.g., Aldh2); neuromodulatory function (e.g., Cckbr, Slc6a7, and Slc1a1); ion channel activity (e.g., Kcnc3); and other synaptic and epigenetic functions.ConclusionsThese data indicate that EtOH drinking differentially amplified paternal versus maternal allelic contribution to the transcriptome. We hypothesize that this was due, at least in part, to EtOH‐induced changes in cis‐regulation of polymorphisms previously identified between the HAD2 and LAD2 rat lines. This report highlights the complexity of gene‐by‐environment interactions mediating a genetic predisposition for, and/or the active development of, AUDs.
Quantitative care: Caring for the aggregate in US academic population health sciences
Authors: MASON KATHERINE A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAcademic quantitative population health scientists (AQPHS) in the United States care for populations with an ostensibly apolitical set of quantitative methods. This quantitative care has three interconnected components: AQPHS care about populations, they care for their data sets and models, and they care with these models’ outputs. In the process their ideals of objectivity compete with, and enable, a moral ideal of political advocacy. Slipping between knowledge and intervention, the “real” and the imagined, and individuals and populations, AQPHS produce knowledge that they hope will change public narratives about marginalized populations. In doing so they draw on ideal types, converting quantitative findings about populations into speculation about individual behavior. AQPHS’ ideal types both precede and tautologically reemerge from their science.
Jurisdictions of significance: Narrating time‐space in a Hopi‐US tribal consultation
Authors: RICHLAND JUSTIN B. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn 2013, Hopi Tribal representatives met US Forest Service officials to consult on the significance of archaeological sites in the Tonto National Forest. The meeting exemplified the “meaningful tribal consultation” process that federal law requires US agencies to undertake with Native nations. Disagreement persists about the efficacy of such consultations and about why indigenous actors continue to participate in them. In the 2013 consultations, Hopi officials’ contributions shape the interaction into a narrative exercise of juris‐diction, the enactment of normative authority through language. In this way, consultation participants implicitly negotiate which norms—those of Hopi tradition or Anglo‐American law—should govern how the significance of the archaeological sites in question are legally determined.
Mobility scores as a predictor of length of stay in general surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Carroll Georgia M. , Hampton Jacob , Carroll Rosemary , Smith Stephen R. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPost‐operative length of stay (LOS) is an increasingly important clinical indicator in general surgery. Despite this, no tool has been validated to predict LOS or readiness for discharge in general surgical patients. The de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) is a functional mobility assessment tool that has been validated in rehabilitation patient populations. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to identify if trends in DEMMI scores were associated with discharge within 1 week and overall LOS in general surgical patients.MethodsA total of 161 patients who underwent elective gastrointestinal resections were included. DEMMI scores were performed preoperatively, on days 1, 2, 3 and 30 post‐operative. Statistical analysis was performed to identify any association between DEMMI scores and discharge within 1 week and LOS.ResultsFunctional recovery (measured by achieving 80% of baseline DEMMI score by post‐operative day 1) was significantly associated with discharge within 1 week. Presence of a stoma was associated with longer LOS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using functional recovery on post‐operative day 1 as a predictor of discharge within 1 week is 0.772.ConclusionThe DEMMI score is a fast, easy and useful tool to, on post‐operative day 1, predict discharge within 1 week. The utility of this is to act as an anticipatory trigger for more proactive and efficient discharge planning in the early post‐operative period, and there is potential to use the DEMMI as a comparator in clinical trials to assess functional recovery.
Uneven Urbanisation: Connecting Flows of Water to Flows of Labour and Capital Through Jakarta's Flood Infrastructure
Authors: Batubara Bosman , Kooy Michelle , Zwarteveen Margreet 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article analyses processes of uneven urbanisation by looking at flood infrastructure. Combining the conceptual frameworks of uneven development with the political ecology of urbanisation, we use flood infrastructure as a methodological device to trace the processes through which unevenness occurs within, but also far beyond, the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. We do this to show how the development of flood infrastructure in Jakarta is shaped by the logic of capitalism through mutually implicated tendencies of socionatural differentiation and equalisation. These processes render waters, resources and labour as similar across places and times to produce different spaces for different populations, within and beyond city boundaries. This theorisation reveals how the urban inequalities (re)produced by flood infrastructure are intimately linked to inequalities (re)produced through the urbanisation of the non‐city.
Assessment of cerebral perfusion and edema in preeclampsia with intravoxel incoherent motion MRI
Authors: Nelander Maria , Hannsberger Daniel , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger , Bergman Lina , Weis Jan , Åkerud Helena , Wikström Johan , Wikström Anna‐Karin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionCerebral complications are the main reasons for morbidity and mortality in preeclampsia and eclampsia. As yet, we do not know whether the pathophysiology entails hypo‐ or hyperperfusion of the brain, or how and when edema emerges, due to the difficulty of examining the cerebral circulation.Material and methodsWe have used a non‐invasive diffusion weighted‐magnetic resonance imaging technique, intravoxel incoherent motion, to study cerebral perfusion on the capillary level and cerebral edema in women with preeclampsia (n = 30), normal pregnancy (n = 32), and non‐pregnant women (n = 16). Estimates of cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and edema were measured in 5 different regions. These points were chosen to represent blood supply areas of both the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries, and to include both white and gray matter.ResultsExcept for the caudate nucleus, we did not detect any differences in cerebral perfusion measures on a group level. In the caudate nucleus, we found lower cerebral blood volume and lower blood flow in preeclampsia than in either normal pregnancy (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively) or non‐pregnant women (both P = .02). No differences in edema were detected between study groups.ConclusionThe cerebral perfusion measures were comparable between the study groups, except for a portion of the basal ganglia where hypoperfusion was detected in preeclampsia but not in normal pregnancy or non‐pregnant women.
Assessment of lactate production as a response to sustained intrapartum hypoxia in large‐for‐gestational‐age newborns
Authors: Zaigham Mehreen , Källén Karin , Olofsson Per 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionLactate concentration in umbilical cord blood is an important measure of intrapartum anaerobic metabolism. The aim of the study was to compare lactate production of large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) fetuses against appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetuses during hypoxia, in diabetic and non‐diabetic mothers.Material and methodsA total of 17 358 validated paired arterial and venous umbilical cord blood samples taken at birth with a full panel of pH, glucose, and lactate were analyzed relative to LGA (n = 2789) and AGA (n = 14 569). Umbilical cord blood acidemia (pH < mean minus 2 SD) was identified in 518 cases.ResultsDiabetes, but not acidemia, was more common among LGA (5.4%) than AGA cases (2.9%) (respectively P < .0001 and P < .69). At normal pH, glucose was lower in non‐diabetes LGA cases, but not in diabetes LGA compared with corresponding AGA cases (respectively P < .0001 and P < .067). Glucose levels were higher in all groups during acidemia (P ≤ .0005), with lower values in non‐diabetes LGA but not in diabetes LGA compared with corresponding AGA cases (respectively P = .005 and P < .58). At normal pH, lactate was lower in non‐diabetes LGA but not in diabetes LGA compared with corresponding AGA cases (respectively P < .0001 and P < .98); during acidemia, lactate levels were higher in all groups (P < .0001), resulting in no significant difference between LGA and AGA in diabetes as well as in non‐diabetes cases (respectively P = .29 and P < .084).ConclusionsConsidering cord acidemia a proxy for intrapartum hypoxia, LGA fetuses showed no impaired ability to produce lactate during hypoxia. Maternal diabetes did not hamper the ability of LGA fetuses to produce lactate during hypoxia.
National survey found that managing childhood nephrotic syndrome in Nigeria varied widely and did not comply with the best evidence
Authors: Esezobor Christopher I. , Asinobi Adanze O. , Okafor Henrietta U. , Akuse Rosamund , Gbadegesin Rasheed 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis study explored any variations in managing childhood nephrotic syndrome between specialist centres in Nigeria and how closely the care reflected the best available evidence.MethodsIn 2016, the heads of Nigerian paediatric nephrology units were asked to complete a study questionnaire that focused on managing nephrotic syndrome.ResultsOf the 31 clinicians we approached, 81% returned the completed questionnaire. The majority (64%) had received paediatric nephrology training and 40% had practised for at least 10 years. We found that 60% prescribed an initial daily prednisolone for four weeks before reducing the dose and 32% prescribed it for six weeks. However, more marked variations were observed with the total steroid duration for new‐onset nephrotic syndrome, with 16%, 44% and 40% prescribing prednisolone for 8, 12 and at least 16 weeks, respectively. Similarly, 56% prescribed prednisolone for less than eight weeks before diagnosing steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and 12% rarely requested a kidney biopsy for SRNS. In addition, 32% of the respondents preferred cyclophosphamide to calcineurin inhibitors for SRNS.ConclusionThere were significant variations in the management of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Nigeria and the diagnosis and treatment of SRNS differed substantially from the best available evidence.
Pilot study demonstrates that placental histology can provide an additional tool for diagnosing early‐onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Ykema J M A , D'Haens E J , Havenith M , van Eyck J , van Lingen R A , Hemels M A C 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimWe explored whether placental histology could help to diagnose early‐onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), guide clinical decision‐making 48 hours after birth and reduce antibiotic use.MethodsThis study comprised 109 infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands, between January 2013 and December 2013. EONS was defined as clinical symptoms plus raised serial C‐reactive protein (CRP) >10 mg/L and a positive (proven EONS) or a negative (suspected EONS) blood culture. Placentas were studied for a histological inflammatory response and scored according to Redline's criteria.ResultsA histological inflammatory response was seen in 15/88 (17%) placentas and this occurred significantly more often in infants with a high suspicion of EONS (p < 0.05). No histological inflammatory response was seen if maternal risk factors for EONS were absent, despite a raised CRP level. Based on placental histology, the duration of antibiotic therapy was reduced from more than five days to 48 hours in 20/27 infants (74%).ConclusionHistological examination of the placenta helped to diagnose EONS and guide clinical decision‐making 48 hours after birth and led to a clinically relevant reduction in antibiotic use.
The qSOFA Score: A Simple and Accurate Predictor of Outcome in Patients with Glyphosate Herbicide Poisoning
Authors: Cho Yong Soo , Chun Byeong Jo , Moon Jeong Mi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score at emergency department (ED) presentation can help improve the risk assessment of glyphosate‐surfactant herbicide (GlySH) poisoning complications. A total of 150 patients presenting with acute glyphosate herbicide ingestion were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. The qSOFA scores at presentation, ΔqSOFA (calculated by subtracting the worst qSOFA score from 1 hr after admission from the qSOFA score at presentation), baseline characteristics, clinical courses and outcome were collected and analysed. A total of 41 patients had life‐threatening complications (27.3%), and 14 patients died (9.3%). Patients with a qSOFA score of 0 at presentation had a 1.5% incidence rate of complications. As the qSOFA score at presentation increased from 1 to 3, the rate of life‐threatening complications significantly increased from 29.6% to 100%. Patients with a ΔqSOFA of 1 had a higher frequency of complications than did patients with a ΔqSOFA of 0. The qSOFA score (OR: 8.39, 95% CI: 3.51–26.67) and ΔqSOFA (OR: 27.60, 95% CI: 3.87–575.67) were associated with the development of life‐threatening complications in the multivariate analysis. The qSOFA score showed high sensitivity (97.56%), and the ΔqSOFA score showed high specificity (99.08%). The values of area under the curve were significantly higher in the models using the qSOFA and ΔqSOFA than they were in the models using previously known prognostic factors (p < 0.01). The clinician should pay more attention to patients with high qSOFA scores at presentation or an increase in the qSOFA score 1 hr after admission.
Rho Kinase and Protein Kinase C Pathways are Responsible for Enhanced Carbachol Contraction in Permeabilized Detrusor in a Rat Model of Cystitis
Authors: Denizalti Merve , Durlu‐Kandilci Nezahat Tugba , Simsek Gul , Bozkurt Turgut Emrah , Sahin‐Erdemli Inci 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInterstitial cystitis is a syndrome characterized by detrusor overactivity and chronic inflammation of the bladder. The mechanisms responsible for the altered smooth muscle contractility remain poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of intracellular signalling pathways in carbachol‐induced detrusor contraction in a rat model of interstitial cystitis. Cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, dissolved in saline) was injected to rats (Sprague–Dawley, female, 200–250 g) intraperitoneally once a day on days 1, 4 and 7 to induce interstitial cystitis. Control groups were injected with saline (0.9% NaCl). Detrusor smooth muscle strips were mounted in 1‐ml organ baths containing HEPES‐buffered modified Krebs’ solution and permeabilized with 40 μM β‐escin for 30 min. Carbachol‐induced contractions were significantly increased from 21.2 ± 1.6% (saline‐treated) to 44 ± 4.4% in cyclophosphamide‐treated group. The Rho kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 (8.8 ± 2%) and the protein kinase C inhibitor GF‐109203X (11.7 ± 2.8%) inhibited the increased contractile response (44 ± 4.4%) in rats with cystitis. The increased carbachol‐induced contraction (44 ± 4.4%) was also significantly inhibited by the sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine channel blocker ryanodine (25.8 ± 3.2%) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum IP3 receptor blocker heparin (17.2 ± 2.2%) in cystitis. RhoA protein levels in the bladder of cyclophosphamide‐treated rats were significantly increased while pan‐protein kinase C (α, β and γ isoforms) protein expression was unaltered between experimental groups. Carbachol‐induced calcium sensitization at constant and clamped calcium (pCa 6) was also increased in cystitis (from 15.8 ± 2.2% to 24.7 ± 2.8%). This increased response (24.7 ± 2.8%) was significantly inhibited by both Y‐27632 (7.9 ± 0.7%) and GF‐109203X (4.4 ± 1.5%). We conclude that interstitial cystitis is characterized by an enhanced carbachol contractile response as well as by calcium sensitization of the detrusor smooth muscle. Activation of Rho kinase and protein kinase C pathways may be the molecular culprits responsible for the augmented muscarinic response observed in cystitis.
Effect of Adding Magnesium Sulphate to Epidural Bupivacaine and Morphine on Post‐Thoracotomy Pain Management: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Clinical Trial
Authors: Farzanegan Behrooz , Zangi Mahdi , Saeedi Kimia , Khalili Ali , Rajabi Mehdi , Jahangirifard Alireza , Emami Habib , Mahboobipour Amir Ali , Baniasadi Shadi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPost‐thoracotomy pain is very severe and may cause pulmonary complications. Thoracic epidural analgesia can greatly decrease the pain experience and its consequences. However, finding new methods to decrease the amount of administered opioids is an important issue of research. We aimed to evaluate the effect of adding epidural magnesium sulphate to bupivacaine and morphine on pain control and the amount of opioid consumption after thoracotomy. Eighty patients undergoing thoracotomy at a tertiary cardiothoracic referral centre were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind trial. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Bupivacaine (12.5 mg) and morphine (2 mg) were administered epidurally to all patients at the end of operation. Patients in the magnesium (Mg) group received epidural magnesium sulphate (50 mg), and patients in the control (C) group received normal saline as an adjuvant. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the amount of morphine consumption were measured during 24 hr post‐operation. Thirty‐nine patients in the Mg group and 41 patients in the C group completed the study. Patients in the Mg group had significantly less VAS score at recovery time (p < 0.05), 2 hr (p < 0.01) and 4 hr (p < 0.05) after surgery. The patient‐controlled analgesia pump was started earlier in the C group than in the Mg group (p < 0.05). The amount of morphine needed in the Mg group was significantly lower than in the C group (5.64 ± 1.69 mg/24 hr versus 8.44 ± 3.98 mg/24 hr; p < 0.001). Pruritus was seen in the C group (9.7%) and absent in the Mg group (p < 0.05). Co‐administration of magnesium sulphate with bupivacaine and morphine for thoracic epidural analgesia after thoracotomy leads to a reduction in post‐operative pain score and the need for opioid administration.
Four‐year follow‐up of a single arm, phase II clinical trial of ibrutinib with rituximab (IR) in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)
Authors: Jain Preetesh , Romaguera Jorge , Srour Samer A. , Lee Hun J. , Hagemeister Frederick , Westin Jason , Fayad Luis , Samaniego Felipe , Badillo Maria , Zhang Liang , Nastoupil Lorreta , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Fowler Nathan , Wang Michael L. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIbrutinib has shown significant activity in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (RR‐MCL). We report the long‐term outcome and safety profile of a single‐centre, single arm, open‐label, phase 2 study of RR‐MCL treated with IR. Overall, the median follow‐up time was 47 months (range 1–52 months), median duration on treatment was 16 months (range 1–53 months) and median number of treatment cycles was 17 (range 1–56). Twenty‐nine patients (58%) achieved complete remission and of these, 12 patients continue on study. Thirty‐eight patients discontinued treatment, 14 due to disease progression (2 transformed). Patients with blastoid morphology, high risk MCL International Prognostic Index score and high Ki67% had inferior survival. The commonest grade 1–2 toxicities were fatigue, diarrhoea, nausea, arthralgias and myalgias. None had long term toxicities. Median progression‐free survival was 43 months. Eighteen patients (36%) died (14 deaths were MCL‐related). The median overall survival has not been reached. Treatment with IR can provide durable remissions in a subset of patients with RR‐MCL, especially those with low Ki67%. The possible benefit of adding other therapies in combination with IR in RR‐MCL is under exploration.
Non‐Standard Time Wage Premiums and Employment Effects: Evidence from an Australian Natural Experiment
Authors: Yu Serena , Peetz David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examine the effect of increasing Sunday wage premiums on retail industry employment in Australia, exploiting a quasi‐experimental policy change across two neighbouring states. Using both aggregate and individual‐level data, we adopt a difference‐in‐difference regression framework to estimate the causal impact of the policy change on employment outcomes. We find no evidence of changes in the total number of employees, and no effect on hours per employee in the years following the policy implementation. However, there appeared to be a decline in hours per employee in the announcement year of the policy change. Overall, it appears that in an industry dominated by part‐time and casual employment, any adjustment to the new Sunday wage rates occurred principally through flexibility in hours, rather than in the number of employees.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of inhibitors reversing P‐glycoprotein‐mediated multidrug resistance
Authors: Ghaleb Hesham , Li Huilan , Kairuki Mutta , Qiu Qianqian , Bi Xinzhou , Liu Chunxia , Liao Chen , Li Jieming , Hezam Kamal , Huang Wenlong , Qian Hai 
Published: May 2018

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is still the main barrier to attaining effective results with chemotherapy. Discovery of new chemo‐reversal agents is needed to overcome MDR. Our study focused on a better way to obtain novel drugs with triazole rings that have an MDR reversal ability through click chemistry. Among 20 developed compounds, compound 19 had a minimal cytotoxic effect compared to tariquidar and verapamil (VRP) and showed a higher reversal activity than VRP through increased accumulation in K562/A02 cells. Compound 19 also played an important role in the P‐gp efflux function of intracellular Rh123 and doxorubicin (DOX) accumulation in K562/A02 cells. Moreover, compound 19 exhibited a long lifetime of approximately 24 hr. These results indicated that compound 19 is a potential lead compound for the design of new drugs to overcome cancer MDR.