bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed surface ultrastructure as an efficient tool for species delimitation in the Allium ampeloprasum L. alliance (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae)
Authors: Veiskarami Gholamhasan , Khodayari Hamed , Heubl Günther , Zarre Shahin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeed surface ultrastructure shows a wide variation among different species of the genus Allium that could potentially provide valuable characters in inferring the relationships. In order to evaluate inter‐ and intraspecific variation of testa microsculpturing in the leek alliance, 33 seed samples of Allium representing its two subgenera, six sections, and 23 species were studied. Seed testa surface was analyzed using both SEM and Stereomicroscopy. Minor differences in testa cell arrangement were observed between members of sect. Allium and sect. Avulsea (both of subg. Allium), but major contrasts were discerned between them and members of subg. Cepa. Significant similarity was distinguished in anticlinal walls of the members of sect. Allium and sect. Avulsea: they were variously undulated (U‐, to ±Ω‐like). Testa cells in members of subg. Cepa, and some of subg. Allium (sect. Caerulea, sect. Codonoprasum, and sect. Longivaginata) showed ribbed anticlinal walls suggesting a close relationship between them. The periclinal walls were concave, flat to convex with testa cells densely granulose at margins in sect. Caerulea; flat to convex, irregularly granulose‐verrucose in sect. Codonoprasum; concave, densely granulose at margins and center in sect. Longivaginata; and convex, densely irregularly granulose, sometimes centrally verrucose in subg. Cepa. Irregularly polygonal cells were present in most species, but elongated polygonal cells in two species, A. iranicum and A. wendelboi (sect. Allium). We found significant micromorphological similarity in seed surface features between A. abbasii and A. fuscoviolaceum; A. esfandiarii and A. atroviolaceum; and A. longipapillatum and A. rotundum, corroborating close relationships.
Thematic Analysis of Counselor Trainees’ Perceptions of Cultural Display Rules
Authors: Hutchison Ashley N. , Gerstein Lawrence H. , Millner Ashley , Reding Eliah M. , Forbes Antonia , Figuerres Katherine , Grey Stephen 
Published: October 2018

The authors investigated counselor trainees’ knowledge and perceptions of cultural display rules (CDRs). CDRs are social norms that modify people's emotional expression. Forty‐one master's‐level counselor trainees from multiple universities completed an online questionnaire about CDRs and counseling experiences. Using thematic analysis (Boyatzis, 1998), the authors identified themes representing trainees’ understanding of CDRs and their impact on counseling, observations of types of CDRs (e.g., restriction, amplification), interpretations of CDRs, and training in CDRs.Los autores investigaron el conocimiento y percepciones de consejeros en formación sobre las reglas de expresión cultural (CDR, por sus siglas en inglés). Las CDR son normas sociales que modifican la expresión emocional de la gente. Cuarenta y un consejeros en programas de maestría en múltiples universidades completaron un cuestionario en línea sobre las CDR y sus experiencias en consejería. Usando el análisis temático (Boyatzis, 1998), los autores identificaron temas indicativos de la comprensión de los consejeros sobre las CDR y su impacto en la consejería, observaciones sobre tipos de CDR (p. ej., restricción, amplificación), interpretaciones de CDR y capacitación en CDR.
African American Historical Trauma: Creating an Inclusive Measure
Authors: Williams‐Washington Kristin N. , Mills Chmaika P. 
Published: October 2018

Research indicates that race‐based discrimination is detrimental to the mental and physical health of African Americans. The authors sought preliminary evidence of internal consistency and factorial validity of an African American Historical Trauma questionnaire administered to 400 participants. Reliability and exploratory factor analyses resulted in 30 items with Cronbach's α = .91. Correlations between factors ranged from .32 to .52. These findings provide a step toward an empirical understanding of African American historical trauma.La investigación indica que la discriminación por motivos de raza es perjudicial para la salud mental y física de las personas afroamericanas. Los autores buscaron pruebas preliminares de consistencia interna y validez factorial de un cuestionario sobre Trauma Histórico Afroamericano administrado a 400 participantes. El análisis de fiabilidad y el análisis factorial exploratorio dieron como resultado 30 ítems con un coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach = .91. Las correlaciones entre los factores variaron de .32 a .52. Estos hallazgos proporcionan un paso adelante hacia la comprensión empírica del trauma histórico de las personas afroamericanas.
Rapid compositional mapping of knee cartilage with compressed sensing MRI
Authors: Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Baboli Rahman , Chang Gregory , Otazo Ricardo , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: October 2018

More than a decade after the introduction of compressed sensing (CS) in MRI, researchers are still working on ways to translate it into different research and clinical applications. The greatest advantage of CS in MRI is the reduced amount of k‐space data needed to reconstruct images, which can be exploited to reduce scan time or to improve spatial resolution and volumetric coverage. Efficient data acquisition using CS is extremely important for compositional mapping of the musculoskeletal system in general and knee cartilage mapping techniques in particular. High‐resolution quantitative information about tissue biochemical composition could be obtained in just a few minutes using CS MRI. However, in order to make this goal a reality, some issues still need to be addressed. In this article we review the current state of the art of CS methods for rapid compositional mapping of knee cartilage. Specifically, data acquisition strategies, image reconstruction algorithms, and data fitting models are discussed. Different CS studies for T2 and T1ρ mapping of knee cartilage are reviewed, with illustrative results. Future directions, opportunities, and challenges of rapid compositional mapping techniques are also discussed.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 6J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1185–1198.
Tropical rainfall predictions from multiple seasonal forecast systems
Authors: Scaife Adam A. , Ferranti Laura , Alves Oscar , Athanasiadis Panos , Baehr Johanna , Dequé Michel , Dippe Tina , Dunstone Nick , Fereday David , Gudgel Richard G. , Greatbatch Richard J. , Hermanson Leon , Imada Yukiko , Jain Shipra , Kumar Arun , MacLachlan Craig , Merryfield William , Müller Wolfgang A. , Ren Hong‐Li , Smith Doug , Takaya Yuhei , Vecchi Gabriel , Yang Xiaosong 
Published: October 2018

We quantify seasonal prediction skill of tropical winter rainfall in 14 climate forecast systems. High levels of seasonal prediction skill exist for year‐to‐year rainfall variability in all tropical ocean basins. The tropical East Pacific is the most skilful region, with very high correlation scores, and the tropical West Pacific is also highly skilful. Predictions of tropical Atlantic and Indian Ocean rainfall show lower but statistically significant scores.We compare prediction skill (measured against observed variability) with model predictability (using single forecasts as surrogate observations). Model predictability matches prediction skill in some regions but it is generally greater, especially over the Indian Ocean. We also find significant inter‐basin connections in both observed and predicted rainfall. Teleconnections between basins due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) appear to be reproduced in multi‐model predictions and are responsible for much of the prediction skill. They also explain the relative magnitude of inter‐annual variability, the relative magnitude of predictable rainfall signals and the ranking of prediction skill across different basins.These seasonal tropical rainfall predictions exhibit a severe wet bias, often in excess of 20% of mean rainfall. However, we find little direct relationship between bias and prediction skill. Our results suggest that future prediction systems would be best improved through better model representation of inter‐basin rainfall connections as these are strongly related to prediction skill, particularly in the Indian and West Pacific regions. Finally, we show that predictions of tropical rainfall alone can generate highly skilful forecasts of the main modes of extratropical circulation via linear relationships that might provide a useful tool to interpret real‐time forecasts.
Giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus) diet from Mid‐Weichselian deposits under the present North Sea inferred from molar‐embedded botanical remains
Authors: van Geel B. , Sevink J. , Mol D. , Langeveld B. W. , van der Ham R. W. J. M. , van der Kraan C. J. M. , van der Plicht J. , Haile J. S. , Rey‐Iglesia A. , Lorenzen E. D. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe molar of a giant deer, Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach, 1799), was discovered in sandy deposits of the North Sea, about 10 km west of the present shoreline of the Netherlands. Compacted masticated plant remains were preserved in the molar's deep folds. A palaeoecological analysis of these plant remains shows the complete dominance of pollen from Artemisia (sage) and other Asteraceae Tubuliflorae (Compositae), indicating that the animal foraged in a steppe environment, and may have preferred to eat Artemisia, which contain a high level of nutrients such as calcium and phosphorous components, which are important for antler building. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the plant remains are of mid‐Weichselian age [38 570 (+300, −290) 14C a BP, Greenland Interstadial‐11]. This is the first study of the food choice of M. giganteus based on palaeoecological evidence. We hypothesize about links between the extirpation of M. giganteus at the onset of the Holocene in North‐West Europe and the transition from a landscape with highly dynamic geomorphological processes and consequently prevalence of immature and nutrient‐rich soils, to a less dynamic landscape with stable, leached and acidifying soils, and the decline of Artemisia and other calciphilous plants.
A method for quantitative 2‐dimensional sonographic analysis of the fetal conus medullaris position
Authors: Zhai Jing , Cai Ailu , Wei Qiuju , Xie Limei , Jing Chunli 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThis study explored the use of 2‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound scans for the quantitative assessment of the fetal conus medullaris (CM) position and its correlation with gestational age (GA).MethodsThis was a prospective study. We identified the first sacral vertebra (S1) by intersection of 2 lines in 2D scans, then counted upward from S1 to determine the CM level and recorded the number of ossified sacral vertebral bodies. A quantitative assessment of the CM position was performed by measuring the distance between the CM and the midpoint of the S1 (CM–S1). The correlation between the CM‐S1 distance and GA was evaluated.ResultsWe determined the CM level by identifying S1 first in 521 fetuses (GA, 20–38 weeks). The CM position in 70% of cases was at the L2 and L2–3 level, and at the L2 level or above after 37 weeks. The number of ossified sacral veterbral bodies was not consistent. CM–S1 measurements were easy to perform. A significant positive correlation between CM–S1 distance and GA was observed (R2 = .89, P < .05). The best‐fit formula was: CM–S1 distance = 1.57 × GA – 16.43. The normal reference range was established and the fifth percentile was calculated for each GA.ConclusionsS1 was easily identified, and the CM position relative to S1 was useful. There was a substantial correlation between CM–S1 and GA. Below the fifth percentile it was suggested that tethered cord may exist.
Stimuli‐Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels and Their Applications in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Hoque Jiaul , Sangaj Nivedita , Varghese Shyni 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels are a class of self‐assembled network structures formed via non‐covalent interactions of the hydrogelators. These hydrogels capable of responding to external stimuli are considered to be smart materials due to their ability to undergo sol–gel and/or gel–sol transition upon subtle changes in their surroundings. Such stimuli‐responsive hydrogels are intriguing biomaterials with applications in tissue engineering, delivery of cells and drugs, modulating tissue environment to promote innate tissue repair, and imaging for medical diagnostics among others. This review summarizes the recent developments in stimuli‐responsive supramolecular hydrogels and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. Specifically, various structural aspects of supramolecular hydrogelators involved in self‐assembly, the role of external stimuli in tuning/controlling their phase transitions, and how these functions could be harnessed to advance applications in regenerative medicine are focused on. Finally, the key challenges and future prospects for these versatile materials are briefly described.
Study of the Foaming Kinetics in Epoxidized Natural Rubber Foams Crosslinked by Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Salmazo Leandra Oliveira , Lopéz‐Gil Alberto , Ariff Zulkifli Mohamad , Rodriguez‐Mendez Maria Luz , Job Aldo Eloizo , Rodriguez‐Perez Miguel Angel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis work focuses on studying natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) foams crosslinked at different absorbed doses and foamed using a chemical blowing agent. The aim is to study if the existence of epoxide groups within the natural rubber molecular structure influences the expansion capacity and the cellular structure morphology of these types of foam. This is accomplished by studying the foaming kinetics, that is, by quantifying the evolution of density and cellular structure parameters, such as cell size and cell density, as a function of foaming time. The results show that ENR foams exhibit higher cell nucleation rates and less intense cell degeneration than NR ones, which is because the presence of epoxide groups allows the polymer to reach higher crosslinking levels. Consequently, ENR foams present more homogeneous cellular structures and lower cell sizes.
Progression of the vibratory analysis technique by improving the piezoelectric sensor measurement accuracy
Authors: Ghemari Zine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe piezoelectric sensor is the best choice for large industrial installations for instantaneous monitoring and premature fault diagnosis of electromechanical systems. In this work, we made a study on the piezoelectric detection and the piezoelectric sensor then a model of the physical behavior of this sensor extracted. The developed model of measurement accuracy as a function of the relative vibration movement is validated by experimental tests and simulation. The good choice of the damping rate allowed to improve the parameters of the sensor on the one hand and to advance the technique of vibratory analysis on the other hand.
Feasibility of photon beam profile deconvolution using a neural network
Authors: Liu Han , Li Feifei , Park Jiyeon , Lebron Sharon , Wu Jian , Lu Bo , Li Jonathan G. , Liu Chihray , Yan Guanghua 
Published: October 2018

PurposeIonization chambers are the detectors of choice for photon beam profile scanning. However, they introduce significant volume averaging effect (VAE) that can artificially broaden the penumbra width by 2–3 mm. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of photon beam profile deconvolution (the elimination of VAE from ionization chamber‐measured beam profiles) using a three‐layer feedforward neural network.MethodsTransverse beam profiles of photon fields between 2 × 2 and 10 × 10 cm2 were collected with both a CC13 ionization chamber and an EDGE diode detector on an Elekta Versa HD accelerator. These profiles were divided into three datasets (training, validation and test) to train and test a three‐layer feedforward neural network. A sliding window was used to extract input data from the CC13‐measured profiles. The neural network produced the deconvolved value at the center of the sliding window. The full deconvolved profile was obtained after the sliding window was moved over the measured profile from end to end. The EDGE‐measured beam profiles were used as reference for the training, validation, and test. The number of input neurons, which equals the sliding window width, and the number of hidden neurons were optimized with a parametric sweeping method. A total of 135 neural networks were fully trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. The one with the best overall performance on the training and validation dataset was selected to test its generalization ability on the test dataset. The agreement between the neural network‐deconvolved profiles and the EDGE‐measured profiles was evaluated with two metrics: mean squared error (MSE) and penumbra width difference (PWD).ResultsBased on the two‐dimensional MSE plots, the optimal combination of sliding window width of 15 and 5 hidden neurons was selected for the final neural network. Excellent agreement was achieved between the neural network‐deconvolved profiles and the reference profiles in all three datasets. After deconvolution, the mean PWD reduced from 2.43 ± 0.26, 2.44 ± 0.36, and 2.46 ± 0.29 mm to 0.15 ± 0.15, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 0.14 ± 0.09 mm for the training, validation, and test dataset, respectively.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility of photon beam profile deconvolution with a feedforward neural network in this work. The beam profiles deconvolved with a three‐layer neural network had excellent agreement with diode‐measured profiles.
How we approach: Severe congenital neutropenia and myelofibrosis due to mutations in VPS45
Authors: Shadur Bella , Asherie Nathalie , Newburger Peter E. , Stepensky Polina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMutations in the VPS45 gene lead to a severe primary immune deficiency characterized by severe congenital neutropenia and primary myelofibrosis, leading to overwhelming infection and early death. This condition is exceedingly rare with only 16 patients previously reported, including four with successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We review the pathophysiology underlying this condition and detail our approach to treatment, particularly vis‐à‐vis bone marrow transplantation and the challenges of transplanting into a diseased bone marrow niche. We provide an update on the progress of our three previously reported patients, and two additional patients transplanted at our center.
Lysyl oxidase‐like protein secreted from an acidophilic red alga, Cyanidium caldarium
Authors: Tomo Tatsuya , Okumura Akinori , Suzuki Takehiro , Okuhara Mirai , Katayama Ruriko , Isayama Noboru , Nagao Ryo , Iwai Masako , Dohmae Naoshi , Enami Isao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCyanidium caldarium is a primitive acidophilic red alga which grown optimally at pH 1–3. When the alga was cultured at pH 6, which is the upper limit of acidity for its survival, most of the algal cells became large cells with four endospores which did not split into daughter cells. This suggests that the alga survives in the endospore state at pH 6 to protect against nutrient uptake deficiency due to low pH gradient across the cell membranes. The alga was also found to secrete an extracellular protein specifically at pH 6. The protein was identified to be lysyl oxidase‐like protein, which had been reported to be widely distributed in the animal kingdom but not yet found in the plant kingdom. In the plant kingdom, only two primitive acidophilic algae, C. caldarium and Cyanidioschyzon merolae, possess a gene encoding this protein.
Tracking control for systems with slope‐restricted hysteresis nonlinearities
Authors: Dey Arnab , Patra Sourav , Sen Siddhartha 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper addresses the reference tracking problem for plants that can primarily be modeled as a linear time‐invariant (LTI) system preceded by a slope‐restricted hysteresis nonlinearity. This structure is particularly interesting due to its wide use in modeling smart actuator dynamics such as shape‐memory alloy and piezoelectric. The hysteresis nonlinearity is considered to be slope restricted; however, no specific modeling framework is exploited. Based on the slope bounds of the nonlinearity, conditions for asymptotic tracking are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) when constant reference is considered. By solving the LMIs, the controller parameters can be obtained, which eventually ensures asymptotic convergence of tracking error to zero. The proposed model‐free design technique is further reformulated considering parametric uncertainties in the LTI part. The resulting conditions in LMI framework facilitate solving the robust tracking problem for hysteretic systems. The results are applicable for multiple‐input–multiple‐output systems as well, with decoupled hysteresis nonlinearity. Additionally, with only integral control, the proposed results are specialized for the case of stable LTI part having positive definite symmetric part of the DC gain matrix. It is shown that there always exists such a tracking controller for the hysteretic system. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Robust output‐feedback control of 3D directional drilling systems
Authors: Villarreal Magaña O.A. , Monsieurs F.H.A. , Detournay E. , van de Wouw N. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper introduces a robust observer‐based output feedback control strategy that enables the generation of complex three‐dimensional borehole trajectories created by directional drilling systems, while avoiding undesired transient behavior. The model‐based controller relies on a set of nonlinear delay differential equations describing the borehole evolution. Herein, only local orientation measurements of the bottom hole assembly of the drilling system are employed. Controller and observer gains are synthesized by optimizing the location of the rightmost pole of the closed‐loop dynamics, using a spectral approach for delay differential equations. Moreover, the strategy is extended to cope with the uncertainty of key system parameters in the directional drilling process. The effectiveness of the designed controller is tested in an illustrative benchmark study.
Hydrophobic TiO2‐SiO2 Aerogel Composites for Fast Removal of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Xu Haixun , Jia Jiajia , Zhao Shanyu , Chen Peixin , Xia Qun , Wu Junyong , Zhu Pinghua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSiO2‐TiO2 aerogel composites were synthesized by co‐gelation of a titanium tetrachloride in an aqueous silicic acid solution. As‐prepared hydrogels were hydrophobized by trimethylchlorosilane and then dried at 150 °C and ambient pressure condition. The resulting gel composites are typical ‘pearl‐necklace’ aggregate silica structure which is intertwined at the nanometer level with titania, yielding a three‐dimensional hydrophobic SiO2‐TiO2 interpenetrating network with an improved pore structure, BET surface area, and photocatalytic performance when compared to their calcined hydrophilic gels. A hydrophobic aerogel composite which is optimized in an L9(34) orthogonal array features a fast removal (<30 mins) of organic compounds (> 89% removal of methyl orange and humic acid) in a 10 mg/L solution under UV light exposure, in which ethanol‐water was used as co‐solvent. In comparison, the calcined hydrophilic xerogel shows 10‐fold longer degradation time (∼ 300 mins) to remove the same concentration waste from the water streams.