bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW WORDS FOR OLD WRONGS
Authors: Maitra Ishani 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper begins with the idea that there are sometimes gaps in our shared linguistic/conceptual resources that make it difficult for us to understand our own social experiences, and to make them intelligible to others. In this paper, I focus on three cases of this sort, some of which are drawn from the literature on hermeneutical injustice. I offer a diagnosis of what the gaps in these cases consist in, and what it takes to fill them. I argue that these gaps are filled in, at least initially, by labels of a particular kind. Specifically, these are labels that allow us to see the experiences in question as novel instances of phenomena with which we are already normatively familiar. Further, I also show that these labels bring with them important downsides: they introduce distortions into our understandings of these experiences. Using a pair of case studies (‘statutory rape,’ ‘sexual harassment’), I illustrate these distortions.
Why judges need jurisprudence in cyberspace
Authors: Reed Chris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJudges are increasingly asked to decide whether a rule of national law is applicable to a cyberspace actor who is not present in their jurisdiction, or whose activities do not clearly fall within the established understanding of the rule. They do this through interpreting the applicability and meaning of the law.Every attempt to enforce a national law makes a claim that the law has authority over the cyberspace actor. By accepting that claim, the judge asserts that the law's claim is legitimate. This is a Hartian exercise, adopting the internal view of the national legal system as the test for legitimacy.But in cyberspace the legitimacy of a national law claim is determined not by the internal perspective of the legal system but by the external perspective of cyberspace actors. A law will only have authority in cyberspace if it can convince cyberspace actors that its claim is legitimate. And a legal system which repeatedly makes illegitimate claims thereby weakens its status as a system which adheres to the rule of law.Judges can help solve this problem by interpreting laws and applying public and private international law so as to reject applicability claims which are illegitimate. To do this successfully, they need to understand the jurisprudential foundations of any law's authority in cyberspace.
Maternal vitamin D and neonatal anthropometrics and markers of neonatal glycaemia: Belfast Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study
Authors: Casey Claire , McGinty Ann , Holmes Valerie A. , Patterson Chris C. , Young Ian S. , McCance David R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a common occurrence globally, and particularly so in pregnancy. There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of vitamin D during pregnancy in non-skeletal health outcomes for both the mother and the neonate. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of maternal total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) with neonatal anthropometrics and markers of neonatal glycaemia in the Belfast centre of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study. Serological samples (n 1585) were obtained from pregnant women in the Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, between 24 and 32 weeks’ gestation as part of the HAPO study. 25OHD concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem-MS. Cord blood and neonatal anthropometric measurements were obtained within 72 h of birth. Statistical analysis was performed. After adjustment for confounders, birth weight standard deviation scores (SDS) and birth length SDS were significantly associated with maternal total 25OHD. A doubling of maternal 25OHD at 28 weeks’ gestation was associated with mean birth weight SDS and mean birth length SDS higher by 0·05 and 0·07, respectively (both, P=0·03). There were no significant associations with maternal 25OHD and other measures of neonatal anthropometrics or markers of neonatal glycaemia. In conclusion, maternal total 25OHD during pregnancy was independently associated with several neonatal anthropometric measurements; however, this association was relatively weak.
Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet is associated with weight change during 7 years of follow-up
Authors: Kanerva Noora , Harald Kennet , Männistö Satu , Kaartinen Niina E. , Maukonen Mirkka , Haukkala Ari , Jousilahti Pekka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStudies indicate that the healthy Nordic diet may improve heart health, but its relation to weight change is less clear. We studied the association between the adherence to the healthy Nordic diet and long-term changes in weight, BMI and waist circumference. Furthermore, the agreement between self-reported and measured body anthropometrics was examined. The population-based DIetary, Lifestyle and Genetic Determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome Study in 2007 included 5024 Finns aged 25–75 years. The follow-up was conducted in 2014 (n 3735). One-third of the participants were invited to a health examination. The rest were sent measuring tape and written instructions along with questionnaires. The Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) was used to measure adherence to the healthy Nordic diet. Association of the baseline BSDS and changes in BSDS during the follow-up with changes in body anthropometrics were examined using linear regression analysis. The agreement between self-reported and nurse-measured anthropometrics was determined with Bland–Altman analysis. Intra-class correlation coefficients between self-reported and nurse-measured anthropometrics exceeded 0·95. The baseline BSDS associated with lower weight (β=−0·056, P=0·043) and BMI (β=−0·021, P=0·031) over the follow-up. This association was especially evident among those who had increased their BSDS. In conclusion, both high initial and improved adherence to the healthy Nordic diet may promote long-term weight maintenance. The self-reported/measured anthropometrics were shown to have high agreement with nurse-measured values which adds the credibility of our results.
A review of the use of convolutional neural networks in agriculture
Authors: Kamilaris A. , Prenafeta-Boldú F. X. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeep learning (DL) constitutes a modern technique for image processing, with large potential. Having been successfully applied in various areas, it has recently also entered the domain of agriculture. In the current paper, a survey was conducted of research efforts that employ convolutional neural networks (CNN), which constitute a specific class of DL, applied to various agricultural and food production challenges. The paper examines agricultural problems under study, models employed, sources of data used and the overall precision achieved according to the performance metrics used by the authors. Convolutional neural networks are compared with other existing techniques, and the advantages and disadvantages of using CNN in agriculture are listed. Moreover, the future potential of this technique is discussed, together with the authors’ personal experiences after employing CNN to approximate a problem of identifying missing vegetation from a sugar cane plantation in Costa Rica. The overall findings indicate that CNN constitutes a promising technique with high performance in terms of precision and classification accuracy, outperforming existing commonly used image-processing techniques. However, the success of each CNN model is highly dependent on the quality of the data set used.
Morphological awareness and reading abilities in second- and third-grade Hebrew readers
Authors: VAKNIN-NUSBAUM VERED 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe contribution of morphological awareness to reading comprehension in Hebrew was tested in 100 second- and third-grade students on three types of morphology: inflections, derivations, and construct formation, controlling for vocabulary knowledge. Third graders performed better than second graders on inflectional and construct formation awareness, but only derivations and construct formation predicted success in reading comprehension. Significant differences in reading comprehension but not in orthographic word recognition and phonological decoding were found between students with low and high morphological awareness. The results highlight the importance of examining the unique contribution of different components of morphological awareness to reading comprehension.
Conceptual Models of Early and Involuntary Retirement among Canadian Registered Nurses and Allied Health Professionals
Authors: Hewko Sarah , Reay Trish , Estabrooks Carole A. , Cummings Greta G. 
Published: June 2018

RESUMÉLa disponibilité des professionnels de la santé est fondamentale pour la santé de la population. Plusieurs tendances contribuent cependant à la pénurie de ces professionnels. Objet : Élaborer et valider des modèles conceptuels de retraite hâtive et de retraite involontaire pour les infirmières et les professionnels paramédicaux (PP). Méthode : Une revue de la littérature sur la retraite (n = 23 études) a été réalisée. Toutes les variables rapportées comme des facteurs prédictifs de la retraite hâtive ou de la retraite involontaire ont été incorporées dans un modèle. Pour atteindre une validité apparente, nous avons mené des entrevues avec des infirmières et des PP canadiens (n = 14). Résultats : Le modèle conceptuel de la retraite hâtive incluait huit catégories (38 facteurs): caractéristiques du lieu de travail, variables sociodémographiques, attitudes et croyances, contexte plus général, facteurs organisationnels, famille, mode de vie et santé, en lien avec le travail. Le modèle de la retraite involontaire incluait quatre catégories (8 facteurs): contexte plus général, variables sociodémographiques, mode de vie et santé, famille. Les responsabilités en matière de soins (facteur) ont été ajoutées compte tenu des résultats des entrevues. Discussion : Les infirmières et les PP tiennent compte de nombreux facteurs lorsqu’ils envisagent leur retraite. Certains seraient sensibles à l’intercession, ce qui permettrait d’étendre la vie professionnelle des infirmières et des PP plus âgés.
Vitamin D supplement use and associated demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors in 8024 South Asians aged 40–69 years: analysis of the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Darling Andrea L , Blackbourn David J , Ahmadi Kourosh R , Lanham-New Susan A 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveVitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<25 nmol/l) is extremely common in Western-dwelling South Asians but evidence regarding vitamin D supplement usage in this group is very limited. This work identifies demographic, dietary and lifestyle predictors associated with vitamin D supplement use.DesignCross-sectional analysis of baseline vitamin D supplement use data.SettingUK Biobank cohort.SubjectsIn total, 8024 South Asians (Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani), aged 40–69 years.ResultsTwenty-three per cent of men and 39 % of women (P<0·001) (22 % of Bangladeshis, 32 % of Indians, 25 % of Pakistanis (P<0·001)) took a vitamin-D-containing supplement. Median vitamin D intakes from diet were low at 1·0–3·0 µg/d, being highest in Bangladeshis and lowest in Indians (P<0·001). Logistic regression modelling showed that females had a higher odds of vitamin D supplement use than males (OR=2·02; 95 % CI 1·79, 2·28). A lower supplement usage was seen in younger persons (40–60 years v. >60 years: OR=0·75; 95 % CI 0·65, 0·86) and in those living outside Greater London (OR=0·53 to 0·77), with borderline trends for a lower BMI, higher oily fish intake and higher household income associated with increased odds of vitamin D supplement use.ConclusionsVitamin D supplements were not used by most South Asians and intakes from diet alone are likely to be insufficient to maintain adequate vitamin D status. Public health strategies are now urgently required to promote the use of vitamin D supplements in these specific UK South Asian subgroups.
Mesospheric Nitric Acid Enhancements During Energetic Electron Precipitation Events Simulated by WACCM‐D
Authors: Orsolini Yvan J. , Smith‐Johnsen Christine , Marsh Daniel R. , Stordal Frode , Rodger Craig J. , Verronen Pekka T. , Clilverd Mark A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile observed mesospheric polar nitric acid enhancements have been attributed to energetic particle precipitation through ion cluster chemistry in the past, this phenomenon is not reproduced in current whole‐atmosphere chemistry‐climate models. We investigate such nitric acid enhancements resulting from energetic electron precipitation events using a recently developed variant of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) that includes a sophisticated ion chemistry tailored for the D‐layer of the ionosphere (50–90 km), namely, WACCM‐D. Using the specified dynamics mode, that is, nudging dynamics in the troposphere and stratosphere to meteorological reanalyses, we perform a 1‐year‐long simulation (July 2009–June 2010) and contrast WACCM‐D with the standard WACCM. Both WACCM and WACCM‐D simulations are performed with and without forcing from medium‐to‐high energy electron precipitation, allowing a better representation of the energetic electrons penetrating into the mesosphere. We demonstrate the effects of the strong particle precipitation events which occurred during April and May 2010 on nitric acid and on key ion cluster species, as well as other relevant species of the nitrogen family. The 1‐year‐long simulation allows the event‐related changes in neutral and ionic species to be placed in the context of their annual cycle. We especially highlight the role played by medium‐to‐high energy electrons in triggering ion cluster chemistry and ion‐ion recombinations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during the precipitation event, leading to enhanced production of nitric acid and raising its abundance by 2 orders of magnitude from 10−4 to a few 10−2 ppb.
Epithelial cell adhesion efficacy of a novel peptide identified by panning on a smooth titanium surface
Authors: Kihara Hidemichi , Kim David M. , Nagai Masazumi , Nojiri Toshiki , Nagai Shigemi , Chen Chia-Yu , Lee Cliff , Hatakeyama Wataru , Kondo Hisatomo , Da Silva John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEpithelial attachment via the basal lamina on the tooth surface provides an important structural defence mechanism against bacterial invasion in combating periodontal disease. However, when considering dental implants, strong epithelial attachment does not exist throughout the titanium-soft tissue interface, making soft tissues more susceptible to peri-implant disease. This study introduced a novel synthetic peptide (A10) to enhance epithelial attachment. A10 was identified from a bacterial peptide display library and synthesized. A10 and protease-activated receptor 4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP, positive control) were immobilized on commercially pure titanium. The peptide-treated titanium showed high epithelial cell migration ability during incubation in platelet-rich plasma. We confirmed the development of dense and expanded BL (stained by Ln5) with pericellular junctions (stained by ZO1) on the peptide-treated titanium surface. In an adhesion assay of epithelial cells on A10-treated titanium, PAR4-AP-treated titanium, bovine root and non-treated titanium, A10-treated titanium and PAR4-AP-treated titanium showed significantly stronger adhesion than non-treated titanium. PAR4-AP-treated titanium showed significantly higher inflammatory cytokine release than non-treated titanium. There was no significant difference in inflammatory cytokine release between A10-treated and non-treated titanium. These results indicated that A10 could induce the adhesion and migration of epithelial cells with low inflammatory cytokine release. This novel peptide has a potentially useful application that could improve clinical outcomes with titanium implants and abutments by reducing or preventing peri-implant disease.
Biological processes and signal transduction pathways regulated by the protein methyltransferase SETD7 and their significance in cancer
Authors: Batista Inês de Albuquerque Almeida , Helguero Luisa Alejandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProtein methyltransferases have been shown to methylate histone and non-histone proteins, leading to regulation of several biological processes that control cell homeostasis. Over the past few years, the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD7 (SETD7; also known as SET7/9, KIAA1717, KMT7, SET7, SET9) has emerged as an important regulator of at least 30 non-histone proteins and a potential target for the treatment of several human diseases. This review discusses current knowledge of the structure and subcellular localization of SETD7, as well as its function as a histone and non-histone methyltransferase. This work also underlines the putative contribution of SETD7 to the regulation of gene expression, control of cell proliferation, differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which indicate that SETD7 is a candidate for novel targeted therapies with the aim of either stimulating or inhibiting its activity, depending on the cell signaling context.
High-performance bifunctional porous non-noble metal phosphide catalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Yu Fang , Zhou Haiqing , Huang Yufeng , Sun Jingying , Qin Fan , Bao Jiming , Goddard William A. , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWater electrolysis is an advanced energy conversion technology to produce hydrogen as a clean and sustainable chemical fuel, which potentially stores the abundant but intermittent renewable energy sources scalably. Since the overall water splitting is an uphill reaction in low efficiency, innovative breakthroughs are desirable to greatly improve the efficiency by rationally designing non-precious metal-based robust bifunctional catalysts for promoting both the cathodic hydrogen evolution and anodic oxygen evolution reactions. We report a hybrid catalyst constructed by iron and dinickel phosphides on nickel foams that drives both the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions well in base, and thus substantially expedites overall water splitting at 10 mA cm−2 with 1.42 V, which outperforms the integrated iridium (IV) oxide and platinum couple (1.57 V), and are among the best activities currently. Especially, it delivers 500 mA cm−2 at 1.72 V without decay even after the durability test for 40 h, providing great potential for large-scale applications.
2D transition metal dichalcogenides with glucan multivalency for antibody-free pathogen recognition
Authors: Kang Tae Woog , Han Juhee , Lee Sin , Hwang In-Jun , Jeon Su-Ji , Ju Jong-Min , Kim Man-Jin , Yang Jin-Kyoung , Jun Byoengsun , Lee Chi Ho , Lee Sang Uck , Kim Jong-Ho 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ability to control the dimensions and properties of nanomaterials is fundamental to the creation of new functions and improvement of their performances in the applications of interest. Herein, we report a strategy based on glucan multivalent interactions for the simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in an aqueous solution. The multivalent hydrogen bonding of dextran with bulk TMDs (WS2, WSe2, and MoSe2) in liquid exfoliation effectively produces TMD monolayers with binding multivalency for pathogenic bacteria. Density functional theory simulation reveals that the multivalent hydrogen bonding between dextran and TMD monolayers is very strong and thermodynamically favored (ΔEb = −0.52 eV). The resulting dextran/TMD hybrids (dex-TMDs) exhibit a stronger affinity (Kd = 11 nM) to Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) than E. coli-specific antibodies and aptamers. The dex-TMDs can effectively detect a single copy of E. coli based on their Raman signal.
Home Use of a Neural-connected Sensory Prosthesis Provides the Functional and Psychosocial Experience of Having a Hand Again
Authors: Graczyk Emily L. , Resnik Linda , Schiefer Matthew A. , Schmitt Melissa S. , Tyler Dustin J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe loss of a hand has many psychosocial repercussions. While advanced multi-articulated prostheses can improve function, without sensation, they cannot restore the full experience and connection of a hand. Direct nerve interfaces can restore naturalistic sensation to amputees. Our sensory restoration system produced tactile and proprioceptive sensations on the hand via neural stimulation through chronically implanted electrodes. In this study, upper limb amputees used a sensory-enabled prosthesis in their homes and communities, autonomously and unconstrained to specific tasks. These real-life conditions enabled us to study the impact of sensation on prosthetic usage, functional performance, and psychosocial experience. We found that sensory feedback fundamentally altered the way participants used their prosthesis, transforming it from a sporadically-used tool into a readily and frequently-used hand. Functional performance with sensation improved following extended daily use. Restored sensation improved a wide range of psychosocial factors, including self-efficacy, prosthetic embodiment, self-image, social interaction, and quality of life. This study demonstrates that daily use of a sensory-enabled prosthesis restores the holistic experience of having a hand and more fully reconnects amputees with the world.
Costs of injury for scent signalling in a strepsirrhine primate
Authors: Harris Rachel L. , Boulet Marylène , Grogan Kathleen E. , Drea Christine M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHonesty is crucial in animal communication when signallers are conveying information about their condition. Condition dependence implies a cost to signal production; yet, evidence of such cost is scarce. We examined the effects of naturally occurring injury on the quality and salience of olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Over a decade, we collected genital secretions from 23 (13 male, 10 female) adults across 34 unique injuries, owing primarily to intra-group fights. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we tested for differences in the chemical composition of secretions across pre-injury, injury and recovery, in animals that did and did not receive antibiotics. Lemur genital secretions were significantly dampened and altered during injury, with patterns of change varying by sex, season and antibiotics. Using behavioural bioassays (excluding odorants from antibiotic-treated animals), we showed that male ‘recipients’ discriminated injury status based on scent alone, directing more competitive counter marking towards odorants from injured vs. uninjured male ‘signallers.’ That injured animals could not maintain their normal signatures provides rare evidence of the energetic cost to signal production. That conspecifics detected olfactory-encoded ‘weakness’ suggests added behavioural costs: By influencing the likelihood of intra- or inter-sexual conflict, condition-dependent signals could have important implications for socio-reproductive behaviour.