bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UHD 3D medical system of small‐ and medium‐sized monitor
Authors: Tong Lu , Zhang Xiao , Guan Enhui , Leng Changlin , Chen Shuo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the development of ultra‐high definition (UHD) display technology and stereoscopic 3D display technology, 3D ultra‐high monitor will help surgeons obtain the spatial hierarchy of internal tissues, identify tissue surfaces and blood vessels clearly, locate the focus precisely and reduce surgery time. Compared with normal 2D medical monitors, 3D medical monitors will lose more brightness because of the 3D application, so it is necessary to design a high‐brightness backlight system to guarantee the display stability and the accuracy of the diagnosis. This paper presents a novel processing system for 4K UHD 3D medical monitor with the architecture combined with universal SOC (system on a chip) and specialized FPGA (field programmable gate array). A hardware system is designed with high efficiency and reliable brightness stability control for small‐ and medium‐sized monitors. Furthermore, we analyze the two dimming modes of linear dimming and PWM dimming for a better application in medical monitor.
Preparative separation of the flavonoid fractions from Periploca forrestii Schltr. ethanol extracts using macroporous resin combined with HPLC analysis and evaluation of their biological activities
Authors: Chen Huaguo , Liang Qian , Zhou Xin , Wang Xinyue 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA preparative separation method using macroporous absorptive resin coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the separation of six fractions of the 80% ethanol extract of Periploca forrestii Schltr. The six ethanol fractions (5–95; A, B, C, D, E, and F) obtained were carefully analyzed to locate the corresponding peaks in the high‐performance liquid chromatography chromatogram of the total extract, which was established in a previous study. Furthermore, the biological activities, including antioxidant activities, acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory capacities, antihyaluronidase activities, and anti‐inflammatory effects, were evaluated in MH7A cells. The results demonstrated that fraction E could significantly prevent oxidation and inhibit hyaluronidase and acetyl cholinesterase. Finally, the main flavonoids in fractions A and E from P. forrestii Schltr. were purified, and the compounds were identified as chlorogenic acid, quercetin‐3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside, and quercetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside. The chemical structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of these compounds against complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced secondary immune arthritis in rats were evaluated.
Development of an economic ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for trace analysis of multiclass mycotoxins in Polygonum multiflorum
Authors: Huang Pinxuan , Liu Qiutao , Wang Jiabo , Ma Zhijie , Lu Jinghua , Kong Weijun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRapid, economic, and highly effective determination of multiple mycotoxins in complex matrices has given huge challenges for the analytical method. In this study, an economic analytical strategy based on sensitive and rapid ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry technique was developed for the determination of seven mycotoxins of different chemical classes (aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2, ochratoxin A, T‐2 toxin, and HT‐2 toxin) in Polygonum multiflorum. Target mycotoxins were completely extracted using a modified quick, easy, cheap effective, rugged, and safe method without additional clean‐up steps. The types of extraction solvents and adsorbents for the extraction procedure were optimized to achieve high recoveries and reduce coextractives in the final extracts. Due to significant matrix effects for all analytes (≤68.9% and ≥110.0%), matrix‐matched calibration curves were introduced for reliable quantification, exploring excellent linearity for the seven mycotoxins with coefficients of determination >0.9992. The method allowed high sensitivity with limit of detection in the range of 0.031–2.5 μg/kg and limit of quantitation in the range of 0.078–6.25 μg/kg, as well as satisfactory precision with relative standard deviations lower than 8%. Recovery rates were between 74.3 and 119.8% with relative standard deviations below 7.43%. The proposed method was successfully applied for 24 batches of P. multiflorum samples, and six samples were found to be positive with aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, or ochratoxin A. The method with significant advantages, including minimum analytical time, low time and solvent consumption, and high sensitivity, would be a preferred candidate for economic analysis of multiclass mycotoxins in complex matrices.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress and Related Disorders: A Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation in U.S. Army Soldiers
Authors: Howlett Jonathon R. , Campbell‐Sills Laura , Jain Sonia , Heeringa Steven G. , Nock Matthew K. , Sun Xiaoying , Ursano Robert J. , Stein Murray B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCross‐sectional associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been observed, but longitudinal studies assessing this association are lacking. This prospective study evaluated the association between predeployment ADHD and postdeployment PTSD among U.S. Army soldiers. Soldiers who deployed to Afghanistan were surveyed before deployment (T0) and approximately 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 9 months (T3) after their return. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between predeployment ADHD and postdeployment (T2 or T3) PTSD among 4,612 soldiers with data at all waves and no record of stimulant medication treatment during the study. To evaluate specificity of the ADHD–PTSD association, we examined associations among predeployment ADHD, postdeployment major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and suicidal ideation. Weighted prevalence of ADHD predeployment was 6.1% (SE = 0.4%). Adjusting for other risk factors, predeployment ADHD was associated with risk of postdeployment PTSD, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.13, 95% CI [1.51, 3.00], p < .001, including incidence among soldiers with no predeployment history of PTSD, AOR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.69, 3.69], p < .001. ADHD was associated with postdeployment MDE, AOR = 2.80, 95% CI [2.01, 3.91], p < .001, and GAD, AOR = 3.04, 95% CI [2.10, 4.42], p < .001, but not suicidal ideation. Recognition of associations between predeployment ADHD and postdeployment PTSD, MDE, and GAD may inform targeted prevention efforts. Future research should examine whether treatment of ADHD is protective against PTSD and related disorders in trauma‐exposed individuals.
Reconfiguring clinical communication in the electronic counselling context: The nuances of disruption
Authors: Oftedal Bjørg , Kolltveit Beate‐Christin Hope , Graue Marit , Zoffmann Vibeke , Karlsen Bjørg , Thorne Sally , Kristoffersen Margareth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThis study expands on an earlier study about diabetes nurses’ experiences of the Guided Self‐Determination intervention in face‐to‐face consultations among people with type 2 diabetes. This current study investigates Guided Self‐Determination in an electronic format with the aim to explore what can be learned about the written form for health communication from the perspectives of diabetes nurses in primary care.DesignThe study has an explorative, qualitative design.MethodFour diabetes nurses were individually interviewed after completing the electronic intervention. The analysis was guided by Interpretive Description.ResultsSmall sample size apart, the rich empirical data and quality of dialogue point to the interviewees’ earlier contact, comfort and trust with the researcher. The written electronic communication could disrupt nurses’ possibilities for using basic and advanced communication skills. Findings also indicate that written electronic communication can foster thoughtful responses to patients and increase possibilities for a transparent counselling delivery process.
On the numerical approximation of p‐biharmonic and ∞‐biharmonic functions
Authors: Katzourakis Nikos , Pryer Tristan 
Published: November 2018

The ∞‐Bilaplacian is a third‐order fully nonlinear PDE given by
urn:x-wiley:0749159X:media:num22295:num22295-math-0001In this work, we build a numerical method aimed at quantifying the nature of solutions to this problem, which we call ∞‐biharmonic functions. For fixed p we design a mixed finite element scheme for the prelimiting equation, the p‐Bilaplacian
urn:x-wiley:0749159X:media:num22295:num22295-math-0002We prove convergence of the numerical solution to the weak solution of and show that we are able to pass to the limit p → ∞. We perform various tests aimed at understanding the nature of solutions of and we prove convergence of our discretization to an appropriate weak solution concept of this problem that of ‐solutions.
Hypothalamic Gliosis by MRI and Visceral Fat Mass Negatively Correlate with Plasma Testosterone Concentrations in Healthy Men
Authors: Berkseth Kathryn E. , Rubinow Katya B. , Melhorn Susan J. , Webb Mary F. , Rosalynn B. De Leon Mary , Marck Brett T. , Matsumoto Alvin M. , Amory John K. , Page Stephanie T. , Schur Ellen A. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether a relationship was evident between gliosis in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and plasma testosterone concentrations in men.MethodsA total of 41 adult men (aged 18‐50 years) from 23 twin pairs underwent fasting morning blood draw and brain magnetic resonance imaging. T2 relaxation time was used to quantify gliosis in the MBH and control areas in the putamen and amygdala. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and 17β‐estradiol were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Body composition including visceral adiposity was measured by dual x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsA negative association was found between MBH T2 relaxation time and plasma concentrations of both free and total testosterone (r = −0.29,P < 0.05 andr = −0.37,P < 0.01, respectively). Visceral adiposity exhibited a negative correlation with plasma total testosterone concentration (r = −0.45,P = 0.001) but a positive correlation with MBH T2 relaxation time (r = 0.24,P = 0.03). The negative correlation between plasma total testosterone and MBH T2 relaxation time remained significant after adjustment for visceral adiposity, age, BMI, and insulin resistance.ConclusionsIn healthy men across a range of BMIs, MBH gliosis was associated with higher visceral adiposity but lower endogenous testosterone. These findings suggest that MBH gliosis could provide novel mechanistic insights into gonadal dysfunction in men with obesity.
Central Obesity Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Partially Through Increasing Insulin Resistance
Authors: Zhu Yeyi , Hedderson Monique M. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Feng Juanran , Ferrara Assiamira 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study examined the associations of central obesity measures, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC), in early pregnancy with subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and evaluated the potential mediating role of insulin resistance markers.MethodsWithin the prospective Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study cohort of 1,750 women, WC and hip circumference were measured at gestational weeks 10 to 13. In a nested case‐control study within the cohort, 115 GDM cases and 230 controls had fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and adiponectin measurements at gestational weeks 16 to 19. Poisson and conditional logistic regression models were used, adjusting for established risk factors for GDM, including prepregnancy overweight or obesity.ResultsFor women with WHR < 0.85, one or more established risk factors increased GDM risk 1.99‐fold (95% CI: 0.99‐4.02). For women with WHR ≥ 0.85 but no established risk factors, GDM risk increased 2.41‐fold (95% CI: 1.14‐5.06), and in those with established risk factors it increased 6.22‐fold (95% CI: 3.49‐11.10). Similar but attenuated results were observed for WC ≥ 88 cm. Insulin, HOMA‐IR, and adiponectin levels mediated the WHR–GDM association by 9% to 11%; corresponding mediation proportions for the WC–GDM association were 35% to 41% (all P  < 0.04).ConclusionsCentral obesity in early pregnancy represented a high‐risk phenotype for GDM independent of other risk factors, including overweight or obesity, and may inform early screening and prevention strategies.
Randomized controlled trial assessing two commercial weight loss programs in adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Arterburn L. M. , Coleman C. D. , Kiel J. , Kelley K. , Mantilla L. , Frye N. , Sanoshy K. , Cook C. M. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveLifestyle interventions remain the cornerstone for obesity treatment. Commercial programs offer one weight loss approach, yet the efficacy of few such programs have been rigorously investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial weight‐loss programs, both utilizing pre‐portioned meal replacements (MRs) and different levels of behavioural support, compared to a self‐directed control diet in adults with overweight and obesity.MethodsIn this 16‐week study, participants were randomized to the low‐calorie OPTAVIA® 5&1 Plan® with telephone coaching (OPT), the reduced‐calorie Medifast® 4&2&1 self‐guided plan (MED), or a self‐directed, reduced‐calorie control diet. Differences in weight, body composition (DXA) and body circumferences, all measured monthly, were assessed by analysis of covariance with sex and baseline measures as covariates.ResultsOf 198 participants randomized (80.8% female, BMI 34.2 kg/m2, 45.7 years), 92.3% completed the study. The OPT and MED groups had significantly greater reductions in body weight (−5.7% and − 5.0%, respectively, p < 0.0001), fat and abdominal fat mass (p < 0.0001) and waist and hip circumferences (p ≤ 0.003) than control at 16 weeks. Weight change was correlated with MR usage and completion of coaching support calls.ConclusionsBoth structured commercial programs were more efficacious than a self‐directed, reduced‐calorie diet for weight loss and other anthropometric measures. Evidence‐based commercial programs can be an important tool to help adults with overweight and obesity lose clinically relevant amounts of weight.
Motivation for weight loss and association with outcomes in a lifestyle intervention: comparing emerging adults to middle aged adults
Authors: Lanoye A. , Grenga A. , Leahey T. M. , LaRose J. G. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundEmerging adults (EAs) ages 18–25 are at high risk for overweight/obesity, but little is known about their motivations for weight loss or how these may differ from those of middle aged adults (MAs) and relate to treatment outcomes.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine potential differences in weight loss motivations between EAs and MAs and determine the association between motivation and engagement/outcomes in a weight loss trial.MethodsData were pooled from two behavioural weight loss interventions: one targeting EAs (n = 52) and one targeting MAs ages 40–60 (n = 101). Motivation, attendance, dietary self‐monitoring and weight change were measured in both trials across 3 months of treatment.ResultsEmerging adults were less motivated by health concerns than MAs (p < .05). Motivation to lose weight in order to improve appearance was of similar importance for both MAs and EAs but demonstrated differential associations with treatment variables. Appearance‐related motivation was associated with higher program engagement for MA but was associated with poorer weight loss for EAs. Overall engagement, weight loss and retention were worse for EAs than MAs (ps < .05).ConclusionsSpecific motivations for weight loss were associated with treatment outcomes, but effects varied by developmental stage. Findings of this study highlight the potential differences between motivation to initiate weight loss efforts and motivation to successfully change weight‐related behaviours. Future research should explore methods for intervening directly on motivation within the context of weight control interventions among EAs.
How Restricted is the Job Mobility of Skilled Temporary Work Visa Holders?
Authors: Hunt Jennifer , Xie Bin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing the National Survey of College Graduates, we investigate the job mobility of skilled workers holding U.S. temporary visas. Such workers either have legal restrictions on their ability to change employers or may be reluctant to leave an employer who has sponsored them for permanent residence. We find that the voluntary job‐changing rate is similar for temporary work visa holders and natives with similar characteristics, but that it spikes when temporary work visa holders obtain permanent residence. The spike magnitude implies mobility is reduced during the application period by about 20 percent, alleviating concerns that employers exercise strong monopsony power.
CO2‐responsive polymer surfactant formed by noncovalent binding between dimethyl‐dodecylamine and alginate
Authors: Yang Jisheng , Li Jinfeng , Dong Hongbiao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new kind of polymer surfactant, noncovalent binding between N,N‐dimethyl‐dodecylamine and alginate (C12A‐Alg), was successfully prepared by mixing N,N‐dimethyl‐dodecylamine (C12A) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) in the appropriate mole ratio and bubbling CO2. C12A was successfully grafted onto the alginate molecule by electrostatic interaction. The structure of C12A‐Alg was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopies. The polymer surfactant C12A‐Alg has superior performance in foamability and emulsification. This foaming/defoaming and emulsification/demulsification behavior can be triggered by bubbling CO2/N2, demonstrating that the polymer surfactant C12A‐Alg is switchable. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of systematically functionalized heterogeneous and homogenous glycopolymers as toxin inhibitors
Authors: Martyn Benjamin , Biggs Caroline I. , Gibson Matthew I. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTMultivalent glycosylated polymers and particles display enhanced binding affinity toward lectins compared to individual glycans. The design of glycopolymers with selectivity toward pathogen‐associated lectins (toxins) for sensing or in antiadhesion therapy is complicated due to lectins having promiscuous binding profiles and can be considered to be pattern recognition “readers,” with the capability to bind to several different glycans. Here, heterogeneous glycopolymers bearing variable densities of two different monosaccharides are synthesized by a three‐step postpolymerization modification approach, enabling systematic control over composition. It is found that heterogeneous polymers displayed increased inhibitory activity, compared to homogeneous polymers, against a RCA120 and the cholera toxin. This demonstrates that embracing heterogeneity in glycomaterials could result in improved performance or emergent properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 40–47
Enhanced Fluorescence Emission and Magnetic Alignment Control of Biphasic Functionalized Composite Janus Particles
Authors: Sakamoto Naonari , Hirai Yutaro , Onodera Tsunenobu , Dezawa Takuma , Shibata Yutaka , Kasai Hitoshi , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractJanus particles, particles that have two distinct aspects on their surface or interiors, have attracted much attention due to their potential for application. For the application of Janus particles to high‐resolution displays, and as light sources for optical circuits and fluorescent probes, the Janus particles should be nanosize to ensure high‐resolution display and analysis, responsive to external stimuli, and highly fluorescent. However, it is still a challenging issue to develop such highly fluorescent nanoscale Janus particles and control their alignment. Magnetoresponsive Janus particles, of which the orientation can be controlled by an external magnetic field, are prepared by the simple introduction of polymer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) into the hemispheres of Janus particles. If these magnetoresponsive Janus particles can be combined with a strong fluorescence system, then they could be ideal candidates as components of the previously mentioned applications. In the present study, Janus particles are prepared with a fluorescent dye and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on one side. The optical properties of the resulting particles are assessed and discussed. Furthermore, the response of composite Janus particles containing dyes, Au NPs, and iron oxide NPs to an external magnetic field is discussed.
Pediatric patients with home mechanical ventilation: The health services landscape
Authors: Sobotka Sarah A. , Gaur Dipika S. , Goodman Denise M. , Agrawal Rishi K. , Berry Jay G. , Graham Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveChildren with invasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) are a growing population with complex health service needs. Single institution studies provide insight into successful program structures and outcomes. Our study objectives were to assess health service structures, providers, and programs caring for this population throughout the U.S., and to understand barriers to high‐quality care.DesignUsing purposeful sampling with capture‐recapture and snowball sampling methods, we identified key informants for care of the U.S. pediatric HMV population. Informants received web‐based surveys with two reminders. Survey domains included respondent characteristics, HMV team composition, and barriers to care.ResultsSurvey response was 71% with 101 completed. Respondents caring for patients in 45 states included physicians (61%), nurses (20%), therapists (12%), case managers (4%), and social workers (2%). Half (53%) of physicians were fellowship trained, most commonly pulmonology (22%) and critical care medicine (13%). The majority (65%) of providers described a dedicated HMV service. The majority (61%) of respondents from a HMV service provided both inpatient and outpatient care. Nearly all respondents (96%) described an inadequate supply of home nurses and 88% reported inadequate respite facilities.ConclusionsChildren with HMV assistance receive care from a diverse group of providers with varied team structure. Heterogeneity may reflect patient diversity and provider interest, increasing efficacy but challenging standardization nationwide. Despite team structure variability, similar home care difficulties were universally experienced. Data suggest that the home nursing shortage is a national impediment to quality and efficient discharge with limited community‐based support for this vulnerable population.