bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive modeling in predicting the effect of various nanoparticles on filtration volume of water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Golsefatan Alireza , Shahbazi Khalil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFiltration volume of drilling fluid is directly associated with the amount of formation damage in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Many different additives are added to the drilling fluid in order to minimize the filtration volume. Nanoparticles have been utilized recently to improve the filtration properties of drilling fluids. Up to now, no model has yet been presented to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on filtration properties of drilling fluids. The impact of various nanoparticles is investigated in this study. Artificial neural network is used as a powerful tool to develop a novel approach to predict the effect of various nanoparticles on filtration volume. Model evaluation is performed by calculating the statistical parameters. The obtained results by the model and the experimental results are in an excellent agreement with average absolute relative error of 2.6636%, correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9928, and mean square error of 0.4797 for overall data. The statistical results showed that the proposed model is able to predict the amount of filtration volume with high precision. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis on the input parameters demonstrated that nanoparticle concentration has the highest effect on filtration volume and should be considered by researchers during process optimization.
Effects of dietary fishmeal substitution with corn gluten meal and poultry meal on growth rate and flesh characteristics of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Doughty Katarina H. , Garner Shawn R. , Bernards Mark A. , Heath John W. , Neff Bryan D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing diets that maintain growth performance and market appeal for salmon aquaculture while relying less on fishmeal as a major ingredient. Here, we compared growth rate, survival, fat content, tissue colouration and carotenoid levels (astaxanthin) in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fed two diets. The first diet was a typical commercial salmon diet with 59% fishmeal content, while the second diet reduced the fishmeal content to 15% (75% reduction) and substituted 28% corn gluten meal and 16% poultry meal. Over an approximately 14-month growth period, we found no significant difference between fish fed the high fishmeal or low fishmeal diet in either growth rate or survival. Individuals fed the low fishmeal diet did have 25% higher total body fat percentage than those fed the high fishmeal diet. Individuals fed the low fishmeal diet also had flesh that was significantly less red than fish fed the high fishmeal diet. Carotenoid analysis confirmed that the change in tissue colour was the result of reduced astaxanthin levels in salmon fed the low fishmeal diet. Due to the importance of red tissue colour for the market appeal of salmon, the corn gluten and poultry meal diet is not viable for salmon aquaculture in its present formulation, but our results suggest further modifications to the diet that could mitigate this effect.
$$L^p$$-estimates and regularity for SPDEs with monotone semilinearity
Authors: Neelima  , Šiška David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSemilinear stochastic partial differential equations on bounded domains$${\mathscr {D}}$$Dare considered. The semilinear term may have arbitrary polynomial growth as long as it is continuous and monotone except perhaps near the origin. Typical examples are the stochastic Allen–Cahn and Ginzburg–Landau equations. The first main result of this article are$$L^p$$Lp-estimates for such equations. The$$L^p$$Lp-estimates are subsequently employed in obtaining higher regularity. This is motivated by ongoing work to obtain rate of convergence estimates for numerical approximations to such equations. It is shown, under appropriate assumptions, that the solution is continuous in time with values in the Sobolev space$$H^2({\mathscr {D}}')$$H2(D′)and$$\ell ^2$$ℓ2-integrable with values in$$H^3({\mathscr {D}}')$$H3(D′), for any compact$${\mathscr {D}}' \subset {\mathscr {D}}$$D′⊂D. Using results from$$L^p$$Lp-theory of SPDEs obtained by Kim (Stoch Proc Appl 112:261–283, 2004) we get analogous results in weighted Sobolev spaces on the whole$${\mathscr {D}}$$D. Finally it is shown that the solution is Hölder continuous in time of order$$\frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{q}$$12-2qas a process with values in a weighted$$L^q$$Lq-space, whereqarises from the integrability assumptions imposed on the initial condition and forcing terms.
Kratom from Head to Toe—Case Reviews of Adverse Events and Toxicities
Authors: Alsarraf Emad , Myers Jamie , Culbreth Sarah , Fanikos John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review describes case reports for patients with kratom-associated adverse events in order to assist clinicians with patient management. A stepwise approach is proposed for assessing active kratom users as well as considerations for the management of toxicities or withdrawal.Recent FindingsMultiple in vitro and in vivo studies illustrate the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of kratom extract. No randomized controlled trials in humans exist that assess the safety and efficacy of the substance. Cross-sectional surveys from active users and reports from poison control centers have shown acute and chronic physiological and psychological adverse events.SummaryReports of adverse effects associated with kratom use have demonstrated hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hepatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, seizure, and coma. Overdose toxidrome leads to respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and fatalities. Adult and neonatal withdrawal symptoms have also occurred. Clinicians should be aware of the risks and benefits of kratom use.
Propionic acid counteracts the inflammation of human subcutaneous adipose tissue: a new avenue for drug development
Authors: Al-Lahham Sa’ad , Rezaee Farhad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdipose tissue is a primary site of obesity-induced inflammation, which has been emerging as an important contributor to obesity associated disorders. The factors influencing adipose tissue-induced inflammation and the resulting pathophysiological events remain poorly understood. However, dietary fiber consumptions appear to be protective. Short-chain fatty acids such as propionic acid (PA) are the principal products of the dietary fiber fermentation by microbiota. Therefore, we aim to investigate the influence of PA on inflammation, lipogenesis and glucose uptake markers from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We showed that the treatment of SAT with PA resulted in a significant downregulation of inflammatory parameters (e.g. TNF-α and IP-10) and macrophage markers (e.g. CD163 and MMP-9). The expression levels of PA receptors (i.e. G protein coupled receptor-41 and -43) in human primary adipocytes were very low in comparison with SAT and macrophages. Upon PA treatment, no anti-inflammatory effect was observed in human adipocytes. PA significantly upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), sterol regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), which are associated with lipogenesis and glucose uptake. We also showed that the observed anti-inflammatory effects of PA on SAT were partly mediated by Gi/o protein coupled receptor. Our data suggests that PA anti-inflammatory effects on SAT are mediated partly via Gi/o proteins, leading to the improved expression of factors associated with lipogenesis and glucose uptake. These responses appeared to be not mediated by adipocytes; but most probably by macrophages. The current study provides new knowledge, which can be used as a potential new avenue for drug development in preventing obesity-related inflammation and metabolic disorders in future.
Injury Risk in New Zealand Rugby Union: A Nationwide Study of Injury Insurance Claims from 2005 to 2017
Authors: Quarrie Ken , Gianotti Simon , Murphy Ian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The Accident Compensation Corporation is a compulsory, 24-h, no-fault personal injury insurance scheme in New Zealand. The purpose of this large-scale retrospective cohort study was to use Accident Compensation Corporation records to provide information about rugby injury epidemiology in New Zealand, with a focus on describing differences in risk by age and gender.

Methods
A total of 635,657 rugby injury claims were made to the Accident Compensation Corporation for players aged 5–40 years over the period 2005–2017. Information about player numbers and estimates of player exposure was obtained from New Zealand Rugby, the administrative organisation for rugby in New Zealand.

Results
Over three quarters of claims (76%) were for soft-tissue injuries, with 11% resulting from fractures or dislocations, 6.7% from lacerations, 3.1% from concussions and 2.0% from dental injuries. Body regions injured included shoulder (14%), knee (14%), wrist/hand (13%), neck/spine (13%), head/face (12%), leg (11%) and ankle (10%). The probability of a player making at least one injury claim in a season (expressed as a percentage) was calculated under the assumption that the incidence of claims follows a Poisson distribution. Players aged 5–6 years had a probability of making at least one claim per season of 1.0%, compared to 8.3% for players aged 7–12 years, 35% for age 13–17 years, 53% for age 18–20 years, 57% for age 21–30 years and 47% for age 31–40 years. The overall probability of making at least one claim per season across all age groups was 29%. The relative claim rate for adults (players aged 18 years and over) was 3.92 (90% confidence interval 3.90–3.94) times that of children. Ten percent of players were female, and they sustained 6% of the injuries. Overall, the relative claim rate for female players was 0.57 times that of male players (90% confidence interval 0.56–0.58). The relative claim rate of female to male players tended to increase with age. There were very few female players aged over 30 years; however, those who did play had higher claim rates than male players of the same age group (1.49; 90% confidence interval 1.45–1.53).

Conclusions
Injuries resulting from rugby are distributed across the body, and most of the claims are for soft-tissue injuries. Rates of injury increase rapidly through the teenage years until the early 20 s; for male players they then decrease until the mid-30 s. For female players, the injury rate does not decrease as players move into their 30 s. Combining Accident Compensation Corporation injury claim data with national player registration data provides useful information about the risks faced by New Zealand’s community rugby players, and the insights derived are used in the development of rugby injury prevention programme content.
Measuring Visual, Spatial, and Visual Spatial Short-Term Memory in Schoolchildren: Studying the Influence of Demographic Factors and Regression-Based Normative Data
Authors: Toornstra A. , Hurks P. P. M. , Van der Elst W. , Kok G. , Curfs L. M. G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study aims to establish demographically corrected norms for three computerized tasks measuring different aspects of visual short-term memory (VSTM) in Ukrainian schoolchildren. These tasks measure respectively visual STM (the Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) test), spatial STM (the Spatial Span (SSP) task), and visual spatial STM (the Paired Associates Learning (PAL) task). All tasks were administered to n = 186 children aged 5.10 years to 14.5 years old to evaluate the influence of demographic variables. Relevant demographic factors that influence task scores (VSTM), i.e., age and level of parental education, are identified and in keeping with the current literature. No sex differences were found. Based on these data, regression-based, demographically corrected norms were established per task. This approach to constructing norms differs from how (worldwide) PRM, SSP, and/or PAL norms have been constructed traditionally. In the latter approach, norms are calculated for each age group separately and without correcting for level of parental education, whereas in the regression-based normative method, multiple regression models are used to compute the expected test scores of an individual (rather than the subgroup means that are used in the traditional approach). Consequently, the regression-based norms for the PRM, SSP, and PAL presented in this paper are individualized, taking into account the unique characteristics of the individual that is tested on these tasks. Last, the confidence intervals of the PRM scores of the Ukrainian schoolchildren and the western norm group largely overlapped, except for the youngest age group, which adds to the literature about cultural effects on cognition.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Analysis Predicts Recurrence in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Raghavan Nair Jay Kumar , Vallières Martin , Mascarella Marco A. , El Sabbagh Nagi , Duchatellier Carl Frédéric , Zeitouni Anthony , Shenouda George , Chankowsky Jeffrey 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe personalization of oncologic treatment using radiomic signatures is mounting in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We ascertain the predictive ability of 3D volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture features on NPC disease recurrence.MethodsA retrospective study of 58 patients with NPC undergoing primary curative-intent treatment was performed. Forty-two image texture features were extracted from pre-treatment MRI in addition to clinical factors. A multivariate logistic regression was used to model the texture features. A receiver operating characteristic curve on 100 bootstrap samples was used to maximize generalizability to out-of-sample data. A Cox proportional model was used to predict disease recurrence in the final model.ResultsA total of 58 patients were included in the study. MRI texture features predicted disease recurrence with an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.79, 0.73, and 0.71, respectively. Loco-regional recurrence was predicted with AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.74 respectively while prediction for distant metastasis had an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.92, 0.79 and 0.84, respectively. Texture features on MRI had a hazard ratio of 4.37 (95% confidence interval 1.72–20.2) for disease recurrence when adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and TNM staging.ConclusionTexture features on MRI are independent predictors of NPC recurrence in patients undergoing curative-intent treatment.
Hormonal Contraception and Female Sexuality: Position Statements from the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM)
Authors: Both Stephanie , Lew-Starowicz Michal , Luria Mijal , Sartorius Gideon , Maseroli Elisa , Tripodi Francesca , Lowenstein Lior , Nappi Rossella E. , Corona Giovanni , Reisman Yacov , Vignozzi Linda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionHormonal contraception is available worldwide in many different forms. Fear of side effects and health concerns are among the main reasons for not using contraceptives or discontinuing their use. Although the safety and efficacy of contraceptives have been extensively examined, little is known about their impact on female sexual function, and the evidence on the topic is controversial.AimTo review the available evidence about the effects of hormonal contraceptives on female sexuality in order to provide a position statement and clinical practice recommendations on behalf of the European Society of Sexual Medicine.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was performed.Main Outcome MeasureSeveral aspects of female sexuality have been investigated, including desire, orgasmic function, lubrication and vulvovaginal symptoms, pelvic floor and urological symptoms, partner preference, and relationship and sexual satisfaction. For each topic, data were analyzed according to the different types of hormonal contraceptives (combined estrogen-progestin methods, progestin-only methods, and oral or non-oral options).ResultsRecommendations according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria and specific statements on this topic, summarizing the European Society of Sexual Medicine position, were developed.Clinical ImplicationsThere is not enough evidence to draw a clear algorithm for the management of hormonal contraception-induced sexual dysfunction, and further studies are warranted before conclusions can be drawn. A careful baseline psychological, sexual, and relational assessment is necessary for the health care provider to evaluate eventual effects of hormonal contraceptives at follow-up.Strengths & LimitationsAll studies have been evaluated by a panel of experts who have provided recommendations for clinical practice.ConclusionThe effects of hormonal contraceptives on sexual function have not been well studied and remain controversial. Available evidence indicates that a minority of women experience a change in sexual functioning with regard to general sexual response, desire, lubrication, orgasm, and relationship satisfaction. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to reported sexual difficulties such as reduced desire and vulvovaginal atrophy remain unclear. Insufficient evidence is available on the correlation between hormonal contraceptives and pelvic floor function and urological symptoms.
Core Capacities for Public Health Emergencies of International Concern at Ground Crossings: A Case Study from North India
Authors: Singh Rahuldeep , Sumit Kumar , Hossain Shaikh Shah 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:International airports, ports, and ground crossings are required to have health units for undertaking public health measures during routine times and specific measures during the time of public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). This study was conducted at a ground crossing of North India to assess the implementation status of International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) at a ground crossing in the prevention and control of public health emergencies and to assess the risk of imported infections from a ground crossing.Methods:A qualitative study was conducted at the selected point of entry. The World Health Organization (WHO) core capacity assessment tool and in-depth interviews were used for data collection in the form of meetings and visits to isolation sites, and general observations were conducted regarding facilities on routine and other infrastructure and equipment that can be used during emergencies. Respondents were recruited using purposive methods.Results:The findings reveal that there is lack of awareness among the travelers, which increases the risks of spreading diseases. The overall implementation status at the ground crossing according to the assessment conducted using WHO Tool was 76%. It showed the need for further strengthening of the implementation at the site. Gaps were identified regarding the local capacity for handling chemical, radiological and nuclear hazards, and shortage of regular staff through stakeholders.Conclusion:The findings from this study, as well as the suggestions and recommendations given by stakeholders, should help revise the current strategies of action. Hence, the gaps identified should be fulfilled to better respond to PHEIC at the ground crossings.
How Do They Get In? Radical Parties and Government Participation in European Democracies
Authors: Fagerholm Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite their alleged anti-systemness and ‘non-coalitionability’, radical right and radical left parties have, since the early 1990s, both supported and entered coalition governments in a number of European liberal democracies. Using the classical ‘size and ideology’ framework, this study sets out to examine how – or, put differently, under what circumstances – radical right and radical left parties are able to overcome the obstacles associated with governing and enter coalition governments. Inspired by previous observations regarding the complex and multicausal nature of radical government participation, the study relies on a configurational method. By means of a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 37 radical parties at 207 coalition formation instances in 22 (Western and Central and Eastern) European countries, the article sheds light on different paths that lead to government inclusion (and exclusion) of radical actors. The empirical evidence indicates that electoral success in combination with a fairly similar policy position to a weak prime minister party is sufficient for government inclusion. The paths to government exclusion, by contrast, underline the importance of ideological distance in combination with size-related factors.
Revisiting the Timing of the Northern Lobe of the White River Ash Volcanic Event in Eastern Alaska and Western Yukon
Authors: Reuther Joshua , Potter Ben , Coffman Sam , Smith Holly , Bigelow Nancy 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe northern lobe of the White River Ash (WRAn) is part of a bilobate distribution of tephras that originated from the Wrangell Volcanic Field near the border of Alaska, USA, and Yukon, Canada. It is distributed across northeastern Alaska and the northwestern portion of the Yukon. The timing of this eruption has seen little critical analysis relative to the younger and more extensive eastern lobe eruption of the White River Ash. We compiled 38 radiocarbon (14C) dates from above and below the WRAn, and employed several statistical approaches to identify and eliminate or down-weight outliers, combine dates, and different Bayesian models, to provide a revised age estimate for the timing of the WRAn tephra deposition. Our results indicate that the most accurate modeled age estimate for the northern lobe of the White River Ash deposition is between 1689 and 1560 cal BP, with a mean and median of 1625 and 1623 cal BP, respectively. This age range is 90 to 200 years younger than previous age estimates.
Inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers alleviates hyperglycaemia in high-fat-diet-induced diabetes mice through the intestinal microflora improvement
Authors: Shao Tianyun , Yu Qiuhong , Zhu Tingshuo , Liu Anhong , Gao Xiumei , Long Xiaohua , Liu Zhaopu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe rate of hyperglycaemia in people around the world is increasing at an alarming rate at present, and innovative methods of alleviating hyperglycaemia are needed. The effects of Jerusalem artichoke inulin on hyperglycaemia, liver-related genes and the intestinal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce hyperglycaemia were investigated. Inulin-treated hyperglycaemic mice had decreased average daily food consumption, body weight, average daily water consumption and relative liver weight and blood concentrations of TAG, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose. Liver-related gene expressions in hyperglycaemic (HFD-fed and STZ-treated) compared with control mice showed eighty-four differentially expressed genes (forty-nine up-regulated and thirty-five down-regulated). In contrast, hyperglycaemic mice treated with inulin had twenty-two differentially expressed genes compared with control ones. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the rarefaction and the rank abundance curves as well as theαdiversity indices showed the treatment-induced differences in bacterial diversity in intestine. The linear discriminant analysis of effect size showed that the inulin treatment improved intestinal microbiota; in particular, it significantly increased the number ofBacteroidesin the intestine of mice. In conclusion, inulin is potentially an effective functional food for the prevention and/or treatment of hyperglycaemia.