bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Methodology for Quantitative Risk Assessment of CO2 Leakage in CCS Projects
Authors: Sorgi Claudia , De Gennaro Vincenzo , Mandiuc Andreia 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Assessing risks during carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration involves a systematic process to identify them (risk assessment), analyze, prioritize, score them (risk analysis), develop mitigation strategies, and plan for measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV) activities. In this context, risk assessment and analysis are often conducted involving qualitative approaches and/or subjective evaluations based on experts judgments. In this paper, we propose to use numerical results of dynamic subsurface modeling to assess risks in a more precise, less subjective, and quantitative manner, enabling a comprehensive definition of effective MMV plans. In this context, MMV evolves into modeling, measurements, monitoring, and verification [(M)MMV]. The conceptual model used for this study integrates flow and geomechanical-coupled behavior to assess caprock integrity, faults reactivation, and ultimately the risk of CO2 leakage. Uncertainty analysis and a 4D probabilistic workflow are used to quantify the likelihood and consequences of CO2 leakage and to score risks.
The proposed approach offers a general framework to enable subsurface-modeling-based quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for the definition of successful (M)MMV plans. In this study, we have focused on the QRA of leakage risks through the fault and intact caprock. Other applications are possible, such as: (1) leakage risks through the caprock resulting from caprock failure; (2) lateral CO2 migration leading to permit limits violation or inducing interferences with neighboring activities; (3) leakage risks resulting from loss of well integrity; (4) risks of faults reactivation; (5) risks of surface heave; and (6) risks of induced seismicity. All these results can be used to formulate effective (M)MMV strategies for an optimized and cost-effective risk mitigation.
Applications of Machine Learning in Sweet-Spots Identification: A Review
Authors: Khanjar Hasan 
Published: October 2024

Summary
The identification of sweet spots, areas within a reservoir with the highest production potential, has been revolutionized by the integration of machine learning (ML) algorithms. This review explores the advancements in sweet-spot identification techniques driven by ML, analyzing 122 research papers published in OnePetro, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, GeoScienceWorld, and MDPI databases within the last 10 years. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of ML applications in sweet-spot identification and highlights best practices in data collection, preprocessing, feature engineering, model selection, training, validation, optimization, and evaluation. The paper categorizes and discusses the different data types used in ML algorithms into six groups, analyzes the combinations of frequently used data types for training and validation, and visualizes the distribution of input parameters and features within each of the six main categories. It also examines the frequency of target variables used in these models. In addition, it discusses various supervised and unsupervised ML algorithms and highlights key studies offering valuable insights for researchers.
Distributed direct air capture of carbon dioxide by synergistic water harvesting
Authors: Li Gang , Wang Yongqiang , Qu Longbing , Ding Hui , Webley Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Adsorption-based direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide, using chemisorbents like solid amines, has been widely recognized as a sustainable measure to contain atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the productivity and economic viability of DAC have been compromised by the high energy consumption for regenerating the adsorbents. Here, we show that by synergistically harvesting water and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, we can regenerate the unit using in situ vapor purge at low energy and capital cost. The desorption of CO2 is substantially enhanced in the presence of concentrated water vapors at around 100°C, concurrently producing 97.7% purity CO2 and fresh water without the use of vacuum pumps and steam boilers. Moreover, we demonstrate that the DAC prototype can also be powered by sunlight, which recovers 98% of the adsorbed CO2, with 20% less energy demand, enabling sustainable carbon capture from air in a real distributed manner.
Body processes that influence self-care: Validation of an instrument for long-term care
Authors: Lourenço Marisa , Peixoto Maria José , Encarnação Paula , Martins Teresa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to develop a multidimensional assessment instrument focused on bodily processes that influence self-care and validate an instrument in long-term care (BIP@self-care). Methods: A methodological study was conducted with 149 elderly people with functional impairment to develop self-care activities. Generalised Linear Models and cluster analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: Balance and muscular strength were crucial factors in the recovery of autonomy. Sitting balance, dynamic balance, lower limb muscle strength and upper limb muscle strength significantly discriminated between the two identified groups. Conclusion: The BIP@self-care proves to be a comprehensive tool for assessing self-care deficits after a health event within the context of long-term care. These findings have significant implications for nursing practice and the development of targeted interventions aimed at improving these individuals’ autonomy and quality of life.
Functional Group Analysis for Screening Biochars for Nitrogen Recovery from Human Urine
Authors: Nelson Kara , Fusi Soliver , Wang Monong , Qi Yarong , Lammers Laura 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Applying biochar enriched with total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) recovered from human urine to soils offers a promising approach to improve global sanitation, agricultural productivity, and close the nitrogen cycle. Despite its potential, biochar's capacity to sorb nitrogen varies significantly, with few studies conducted considering the complex solutions and high total TAN concentrations in urine. We provide evidence for a direct relationship between TAN sorption capacity and biochar functional groups, assessed via bulk oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O:C), surface O:C, and proton density (δσH). These measures serve as screening tools to identify effective biochars for TAN recovery. Biochars with bulk O:C of 0.13–0.31, surface O:C of 0.15–0.35, or δσH of 0.01–0.25 mmol c/g exhibited TAN sorption capacities of 0.2–2.5 mmol TAN/g. We observed an unanticipated behavior; as equilibrium TAN activity approached full-strength synthetic urine, the TAN sorption capacity increased dramatically to previously unreported values, warranting further investigation. To contextualize our findings, we estimate around 3% of TAN from human urine across African countries could be recovered by select biochars. This work strengthens evidence for biochar's TAN sorption potential and presents screening methods to identify optimal biochars for low-resource settings.
Maternal Night Blindness and Microphthalmos, Anophthalmos, and Coloboma (MAC) Disorders – Is there an Association?
Authors: Nischal Ken , Subhedar Ketaki , Tibrewal Shailja , Shah Chintan , Ratna Ria , Majumdar Atanu , Bhattacharya Subhajit , Sen Pradhnya , Bhaduria Madhu , Ganesh Suma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Microphthalmos, Anophthalmos, and Coloboma (MAC) are common causes of childhood blindness. In 1996, World Health Organisation (WHO) proposed night blindness (NB) as a functional indicator of Vitamin A deficiency (VAD). We aimed to investigate the association of maternal antenatal NB, environmental risk factors and socioeconomic determinants with MAC.
METHODS
A case-control study was conducted between 2018 to 2021 comparing risk factors between MAC and control cases. Data regarding maternal antenatal NB, birth order, consanguinity, family history, maternal dietary habits during pregnancy, history of spontaneous abortions, and father’s income were collected retrospectively and through telephonic interviews with mothers. Bilateral anophthalmos, severe microphthalmos or a combination defined a severe MAC phenotype.
RESULTS
220 children with MAC and 219 normal controls aged 0–3 years were included. Antenatal maternal NB was observed in 33.2% of MAC and 3.2% of controls (p < 0.001). A higher birth order (2nd or more), parental consanguinity, and a history of prior spontaneous abortions were also more common in MAC. A history of antenatal maternal NB was more common in severe MAC (67.3%) as compared to the less severe MAC (22.6%) (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The study identified antenatal maternal NB, higher birth order, parental consanguinity, and history of spontaneous abortions as significant risk factors for MAC disorders, highlighting the influence of maternal nutrition and genetics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest case-control study to show an association of maternal NB and MAC. Maternal NB has been used as a functional indicator of VAD.
Melatonin-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Cavernous Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Nerve Injury-induced Erectile Dysfunction via miR-145-5p/TGF-β/Smad Axis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Yang Mengbo , Chen Xinda , Zhang Ming , Peng Yiliang , Lu Mujun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Backgrounds: Cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction (CNI-ED) is a common complication after radical prostatectomy. As a consequence of the concomitant severe fibrosis of the corpus cavernosum, conventional treatment approaches have had little success. Methods: Pre-treatment of adipose-derived stem cells with melatonin allows for the extraction of active exosomes (MT-hASC-EVs) from the conditioned medium. The therapeutic effects of MT-hASC-EVs were assessed in a rat model of CNI-ED, and the anti-fibrotic properties were evaluated. MicroRNA sequencing was used to identify specific microRNAs highly expressed in MT-hASC-EVs, and differential microRNAs were screened for regulatory pathways through target gene enrichment analysis. Finally, the conclusions from bioinformatics analysis were validated through in vitro experiments. Results: Intracavernous injection of MT-hASC-EVs significantly restored erectile function and reduced the extent of corpus cavernosum fibrosis in the CNI-ED rat model. MT-hASC-EVs promoted the proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects of CCSMCs in vitro. Mechanistically, MT-hASC-EVs inhibit fibrosis by delivering miR-145-5p, which targets TGF-β2/Smad3 axis. Conclusions: MT-hASCs-EVs can inhibit cavernous fibrosis and improve erectile function in a rat model of CNI-ED by targeting the miR-145-5p/TGF-β/Smad axis.
A case of prone position combined with iNO therapy under EIT monitoring in the treatment of refractory hypoxemia after lung transplantation
Authors: Dong Yan , Xu Zhongping , Tian Jing , Wang Dapeng , Chen Jingyu , Xu Hongyang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We report a case of severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and refractory hypoxemia after bilateral lung transplantation in our center. The effect of conventional therapy of the patient was inadequate, and the patient was unable to be weaned off extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Employing electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring technology, we implemented a series of interventions including prone position, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy, tracheotomy and other treatment methods. After undergoing a rigorous treatment process, the patient was successfully transitioned out of intensive care unit (ICU) on the 24th day after operation. In conclusion, the utilization of EIT for visual respiratory management, in conjunction with a multifaceted therapeutic approach, substantially contributed to the improved prognosis of lung transplant recipients.
Antepartum maternal weight indices, Maternal Serum Leptin and Birth Weight: A cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Mbachu Ikechukwu , Umeononihu Osita , Mbachu Chioma , Okechukwu Zeblon , Udigwe Gerald , Okpara Henry , Aniebue Uzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Obesity has adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, including macrosomia. Both have adverse synergistic effects on each other.
Aim and Objectives: To determine the association between Maternal weight, BMI, and birth weight.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out over months. The case (experiment) group included neonates with macrosomia and their mothers. The control group was neonates with normal birth weight and their mothers. The maternal weight, height and body mass index were measured at booking and before delivery and categorized using the WHO obesity classification. The Data was analyzed using Stata statistical package version 14. Continuous variables, including age, birth weight, and mean leptin levels, were summarized by mean± standard deviation. There was a test of associations between variables to determine a significant relationship at a p-value of < 0.05. A total of 45 mother-neonate pairs that completed the study were used in the analysis. The study participants include 23 mother -neonate pair with normal weight and 22 mother-neonate pair with macrosomia. The mean birth weight was 3.78±0.05. The mean age of the women was 29.93±5.32, with the 25-29 age group being the modal age group. Only 2(9.09%) out of the 22 women with macrosomia had normal BMI at booking. There was a significant relationship between WHO Obesity class at booking and macrosomia (p-value=0.03). The mean maternal weight at delivery was 88.93±15.28. There was a significant association between the mean maternal weight before delivery and birth weight (83.17 for normal weight and 94.95±12.42 for macrosomia) p-value=0.004. The mean maternal serum leptin was 4.90±1.82. The value was higher but not statistically significant in women that gave birth to macrosomic babies.
Conclusion: Maternal prenatal weight indices showed a significant association with macrosomia. As recommended by the World Health Organisation, pregnant women should be counselled on the need for proper weight gain during pregnancy and interventions should be instituted to make sure they achieve appropriate weight gain. Early booking should also be encouraged for proper counselling, dietary interventions and follow up.
Effect of Different Restorative Design on Stress Concentration of Lithium Disilicate and Monolithic Zirconia Endocrown- a Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Karn Garima , Shetty Prof (Dr.) Manoj , Hegde Prof (Dr.) Chethan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background- The purpose of this simulation study was to evaluate effect of different restorative design on stress concentration endocrown of different restorative materials using a finite element analysis.
Methods: A 3D FEA model of mandibular molar was constructed using the average values and was used in this analysis. 2 materials were used which were lithium disilicate and zirconia and 2 different margin design of knife edge and shoulder margins were used in various combinations of material and margin design. A constant 12° of internal wall angulation was considered for all the 4 models and a uniform cement thicknes of 100µm was considered. A uniform 2mm of bulk fill composite was used as a base beneath the endocrowns. 300 N load was applied on the cusps for each model and linear static analysis was carried out
Results: Endocrowns of lithium disilicate was found to exert a greater stress concentration in comparison to zirconia endocrowns in both the margin designs of knife edge and shoulder. Knife edge margins were seen to yield greater stress concentration on the remaining tooth structure in comparison to shoulder margins in endocrowns of both the materials used.
Conclusion: There is a positive influence of margin design selection within the same material used for the fabrication of endocrown. However the values found in the study may not lead to clinical/ catastrophic failure of the endocrown restorations.
Profile of risk factors for injecting drug use among the sample at high risk of HIV/AIDS in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Habimana Samuel , Lister Zephon , Biracyaza Emmanuel , Kagaba Aprodis , Ndagijimana Albert , Jansen Stefan , Rutembesa Eugene , Montgomery Susanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The increasing prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) among populations at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a critical public health concern, particularly in Africa. This issue significantly exacerbates health-related effects among those at high risk of HIV/AIDS. Hence, our study aimed to scrutinize the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol and substance dependence, depression, and psychosocial behaviors among intravenous drug users within this high-risk HIV population.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study design with 480 respondents self-identifying as being at high risk of HIV/AIDS [males having sex with males (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and injecting drug users (IDU)] living in Kigali, Rwanda, via snowball sampling. Chi-square bivariate analysis was used to explore factors associated with IDUs. Significant variables from these bivariable analyses were included in multivariate logistic regression models, in which odds ratios were used to determine the risk factors linked to IDU. Our study adhered to a 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level to validate the statistical associations.
Results
Over 86.25% of the 480 respondents reported symptoms of depression, and 31.5% of the respondents identified as injection drug users (IDUs). Notably, 78% were male and fell within the age range of 18 to 45. The use of alcohol (wine, hard alcohol, or liquor), smoking cigarettes, marijuana, or heroin was significantly associated with IDU. Multiple regression analysis revealed that those with alcohol dependence [aOR = 3.547; 95% CI (1.59–10.857)] and marijuana use [aOR = 3.261; 95% CI (1.380–7.708)] were more likely to be IDUs than other risk group members (MSMs, FSWs). Furthermore, individuals with symptoms of depression [(aOR = 4.50; 95% CI (2.55–7.96), p = 0.018)] were more likely to be IDUs than their counterparts were.
Conclusion
The results of the present study indicated that substance and alcohol abuse behaviors, as well as mental health issues such as depression symptoms, were significantly associated with injecting drug use. The findings support the promotion of harm reduction prevention strategies that utilize mental health programs for this population at high risk for HIV.
Explore the protein targets of Cinnamomum zeylanicum’s phytoconstituents against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus: GC-MS profiling, molecular docking, pharmacophore, and pathway reconstruction
Authors: Prabha Sarit , Warkare Sudeesh , Ranga Akash , Pandey Khushhali M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of severe infections, including sepsis, due to its diverse virulence factors. Alternative treatments are essential because of the side effects and resistance linked to conventional therapies. Medicinal plants like Cinnamomum zeylanicum, rich in secondary metabolites, are potential alternatives. This study explores the antimicrobial potential and target protein interaction pathway of C. zeylanicum bark against pathogenic S. aureus. Methanolic extraction of the C. zeylanicum bark was followed by qualitative and quantitative screening and GC-MS analysis to detect phytoconstituents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated against pathogenic S. aureus; additionally, virulence was assessed by PCR of plc, icaA, and nuc genes. In silico analysis included molecular docking, pharmacophore, and ADMET analysis of the identified compounds against seven S. aureus target proteins. PCA of docking was conducted and generated a tetrapartite network and target protein interaction pathway using a string and KEGG database. The methanolic crude extract, containing 19 phytoconstituents, showed a significant MIC and MBC value as 5mg/mL. In silico analysis revealed that phytoconstituents alfa-copaene, alpha-muurolene, and tau-cadinol are potential inhibitors, displaying favourable binding interactions with proteins D-alanine-D-alanine ligase, dihydrofolate reductase, peptide deformylase, and penicillin-binding protein 2. Protein network and pathway analysis suggest that inhibiting the target proteins can disrupt processes like cell wall formation, DNA replication, and protein synthesis. C. zeylanicum contains phenol and flavonoid-derived phytoconstituents with the potential to inhibit pathogenic S. aureus. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate its therapeutic potential for infection treatment.
Breast Cancer Knowledge, Practice of BSE, and Prevention Behaviors of Student Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Structural Equation Modeling on a Nationwide Scale
Authors: Sacgaca Lailani Pilacan , Mutairi Amal Khalaf Al , AlAmoudi Fatmah Ahmed , Abdalla Adil , Shahin Mahmoud abdel Hameed , Jehani Maram Omer Al , Mosto Romeo Jr , Alharbi Laila Lafi , Aldibas Abdulrahman Ibrahim , Alharbi Nawal Abdullah , Assiri Wejdan , Almoqad Amirah Abdulaziz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer remains a significant global health burden, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite advancements in treatment, early detection and prevention remain crucial for improving outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of knowledge on the relationship between preventive behaviors and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among student nurses in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 700 female nursing students in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire through a Google Form. Data collection was conducted between January and February 2024.
Results: The nursing students in Saudi Arabia exhibited moderate to high levels of knowledge (average score: 12.42), practice (average score: 12.30), and prevention behaviors (average score: 122.35) related to breast cancer. Significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge and practice (r=0.591, p<0.001), knowledge and prevention behaviors (r=0.764, p<0.001), and practice and prevention behaviors (r=0.460, p<0.001). Moreover, structural equation modeling confirmed the mediating role of knowledge in the relationship between preventive behaviors and breast self-examination practice (β=0.340, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Knowledge is helpful in influencing practice as well as preventive behaviors, thereby having an impact on the health positively. This undertaking highlights the effect of knowledge as an important mediator of the practice of breast self-examination and preventive behaviors which calls for the need to improve knowledge through educational intervention. Nursing students stand to gain from enhanced knowledge and practice of regular self-examination as well as educating the masses on the prevention of breast cancer.