bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Machine Learning to Predict Sensorineural Hearing Loss Based on Perilymph Micro RNA Expression Profile
Authors: Shew Matthew , New Jacob , Wichova Helena , Koestler Devin C. , Staecker Hinrich 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHearing loss (HL) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Despite its prevalence, clinical testing does not yield a cell or molecular based identification of the underlying etiology of hearing loss making development of pharmacological or molecular treatments challenging. A key to improving the diagnosis of inner ear disorders is the development of reliable biomarkers for different inner ear diseases. Analysis of microRNAs (miRNA) in tissue and body fluid samples has gained significant momentum as a diagnostic tool for a wide variety of diseases. In previous work, we have shown that miRNA profiling in inner ear perilymph is feasible and may demonstrate distinctive miRNA expression profiles unique to different diseases. A first step in developing miRNAs as biomarkers for inner ear disease is linking patterns of miRNA expression in perilymph to clinically available metrics. Using machine learning (ML), we demonstrate we can build disease specific algorithms that predict the presence of sensorineural hearing loss using only miRNA expression profiles. This methodology not only affords the opportunity to understand what is occurring on a molecular level, but may offer an approach to diagnosing patients with active inner ear disease.
Application of a robotic THz imaging system for sub-surface analysis of ancient human remains
Authors: Stübling Eva-Maria , Rehn Arno , Siebrecht Tabea , Bauckhage Yannick , Öhrström Lena , Eppenberger Patrick , Balzer Jan C. , Rühli Frank , Koch Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe used a robotic-based THz imaging system to investigate the sub-surface structure of an artificially mummified ancient Egyptian human left hand. The results obtained are compared to the results of a conventional CT and a micro-CT scan. Using such a robotic THz system promises new insights into the sub-surface structure of human remains. The depth resolution of the THz images exceeds the resolution of a conventional CT scan and is comparable with a micro-CT scan. The advantage of THz measurements over micro-CT scans is the fact that even comparatively large samples, like complete bodies, can be scanned. These would not fit into a conventional micro-CT scanner.
Optical diffraction phenomena around the edges of photodetectors: A simplified method for metrological applications
Authors: Santhanakrishnan T. , Rajesh R. , Awasthi Ram Lochan , Sreehari C. V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn optical method for simultaneous generation and detection of diffraction of light around the edges of photodetectors is reported in this paper along with its application for vibration sensing. The method makes use of an innovative illumination of light beam in which the laser light is made to incident at the interface between the active and opaque regions of a photodetector. Diffraction and induced interference occur together at the sensing area of the photodetector. The same photodetector responds to the dynamic intensity variations corresponding to the diffraction induced interference pattern and concurrently generates a dynamic electrical output. Comparing to the established diffraction techniques employing edges, the proposed method is simple to implement and extends the measurement applications. The experimental results obtained here verify the efficacy of the proposed method indicating its suitability for a novel class of sensors to be employed in practical circumstances.
The mechanism of eutectic modification by trace impurities
Authors: Moniri Saman , Xiao Xianghui , Shahani Ashwin J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the quest toward rational design of materials, establishing direct links between the attributes of microscopic building blocks and the macroscopic performance limits of the bulk structures they comprise is essential. Building blocks of concern to the field of crystallization are the impurities, foreign ingredients that are either deliberately added to or naturally present in the growth medium. While the role of impurities has been studied extensively in various materials systems, the inherent complexity of eutectic crystallization in the presence of trace, often metallic impurities (‘eutectic modification’) remains poorly understood. In particular, the origins behind the drastic microstructural changes observed upon modification are elusive. Herein, we employ an integrated imaging approach to shed light on the influence of trace metal impurities during the growth of an irregular (faceted–non-faceted) eutectic. Our dynamic and 3D synchrotron-based X-ray imaging results reveal the markedly different microstructural and, for the first time, topological properties of the eutectic constituents that arise upon modification, not fully predicted by the existing theories. Together withex situcrystallographic characterization of the fully-solidified specimen, our multi-modal study provides a unified picture of eutectic modification: The impurities selectively alter the stacking sequence of the faceted phase, thereby inhibiting its steady-state growth. Consequently, the non-faceted phase advances deeper into the melt, eventually engulfing the faceted phase in its wake. We present a quantitative topological framework to rationalize these experimental observations.
A large-scale metabolomics study to harness chemical diversity and explore biochemical mechanisms in ryegrass
Authors: Subbaraj Arvind K. , Huege Jan , Fraser Karl , Cao Mingshu , Rasmussen Susanne , Faville Marty , Harrison Scott J. , Jones Chris S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is integral to temperate pastoral agriculture, which contributes most of the milk and meat production worldwide. Chemical profiles and diversity of ryegrass offer several opportunities to harness specific traits and elucidate underlying biological mechanisms for forage improvement. We conducted a large-scale metabolomics study of perennial ryegrass comprising 715 genotypes, representing 118 populations from 21 countries. Liquid/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry based targeted and non-targeted techniques were used to analyse fructan oligosaccharides, lipids, fatty acid methyl esters, polar and semi-polar compounds. Fructan diversity across all genotypes was evaluated, high- and low-sugar groups identified, and fructan accumulation mechanisms explored. Metabolites differentiating the two groups were characterised, modules and pathways they represent deduced, and finally, visualisation and interpretation provided in a biological context. We also demonstrate a workflow for large-scale metabolomics studies from raw data through to statistical and pathway analysis. Raw files and metadata are available at the MetaboLights database.
Genome-wide interaction and pathway-based identification of key regulators in multiple myeloma
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Thomsen Hauke , Yadav Pankaj , da Silva Filho Miguel Inacio , Weinhold Niels , Nöthen Markus M. , Hoffman Per , Bertsch Uta , Huhn Stefanie , Morgan Gareth J. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Houlston Richard , Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInherited genetic susceptibility to multiple myeloma has been investigated in a number of studies. Although 23 individual risk loci have been identified, much of the genetic heritability remains unknown. Here we carried out genome-wide interaction analyses on two European cohorts accounting for 3,999 cases and 7,266 controls and characterized genetic susceptibility to multiple myeloma with subsequent meta-analysis that discovered 16 unique interacting loci. These risk loci along with previously known variants explain 17% of the heritability in liability scale. The genes associated with the interacting loci were found to be enriched in transforming growth factor beta signaling and circadian rhythm regulation pathways suggesting immunoglobulin trait modulation, TH17 cell differentiation and bone morphogenesis as mechanistic links between the predisposition markers and intrinsic multiple myeloma biology. Further tissue/cell-type enrichment analysis associated the discovered genes with hemic-immune system tissue types and immune-related cell types indicating overall involvement in immune response.
Heterologous calcium-dependent inactivation of Orai1 by neighboring TRPV1 channels modulates cell migration and wound healing
Authors: Bastián-Eugenio Carlos Ernesto , Bohórquez-Hernández Arlette , Pacheco Jonathan , Sampieri Alicia , Asanov Alexander , Ocelotl-Oviedo Jose Pablo , Guerrero Adán , Darszon Alberto , Vaca Luis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStore-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is an essential calcium influx mechanism in animal cells. One of the most important auto regulatory control systems involves calcium-dependent inactivation (CDI) of the Orai channel, which prevents excessive calcium influx. In the present study we analyze the role of two channels in the induction of CDI on Orai1. Here we show that calcium entering through freely diffusing TRPV1 channels induce strong CDI on Orai1 while calcium entering through P2X4 channel does not. TRPV1 can induce CDI on Orai1 because both channels were found in close proximity in the cell membrane. This was not observed with P2X4 channels. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that calcium arising from different channels may contribute to the modulation of Orai1 through CDI in freely diffusing single channels of living cells. Our results highlight the role of TRPV1-mediated CDI on Orai1 in cell migration and wound healing.
Evaluation of Patients with Lung Cancer Treated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Wulandari Laksmi , Febriani Anna , Fatmawati Farah , Soegiarto Gatot 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is currently the standard therapy for EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib is the first EGFR-TKI marketed in Indonesia and has been used since 2012 in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Although the drug had shown some positive results, the overall treatment outcome for Indonesian patients has not been reported yet. The aim of the study is to evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and subjective response of gefitinib as first-line treatment in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. This retrospective study includes all eligible patients treated from 2013 to 2016. Demographic data, performance status, tumor histopathologic types, treatment response, and adverse effects (AEs) during the treatment course were collected from patient's medical records. Objective response was based on RECIST 1.1. Quality of life was assessed using Eq. 5D questionnaire. From evaluable data of 63 patients, median PFS was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI: 6.50–10.2) with median OS of 16 months (95% CI: 11.9–20.2). Eq. 5D scores were decreased in 21 (33.3%) patients, stable in 22 (34.9%), and increased in 20 (31.7%). The most common side effects were itchy skin rash in 52 (82%) patients and diarrhea in 29 (46%). Gefitinib as first-line therapy provides a good objective response and is generally well tolerated in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital.
Histopathological Changes in Breast Cancers Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Implications for Assessment of Therapy-Induced Cytological and Stromal Changes for Better Clinical Outcome and Effective Patient care
Authors: Sheereen Shazima , Lobo Flora , Kumar Barun , S. Manoj , G. Santosh , Patel Waseemoddin , Nayyar Abhishek 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe histopathological interpretation of a tumor still remains the gold standard for diagnosis and deciding the type of therapy. Furthermore, in the context of chemo-radio-therapies often leading to prominent cytological and stromal changes in the tumor, histopathological interpretation during treatment, thus, becomes all the more important in correctly diagnosing and grading the tumor for an effective and planned regimen of the therapy increasing prognosis and chances of survival of the affected patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate such cytological and stromal changes rendered by the therapy during treatment in breast cancer cases. The present study was conducted over a period of 4 years from January 2014 to June 2017 at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India wherein the clinical and histopathological details were collected for a total of 39 breast carcinoma cases during and post-therapy. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics 17 (Chicago, USA). Various morphological features were analyzed for their frequency and were compared with the final diagnosis using Chi-square value (χ2), paired t-test and Fischer's test. p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The results of the present study revealed that 32 of the 39 breast carcinoma cases changed their grades during the course of therapy (p-value < 0.05). The fundamental manifestation of the effect of therapy was an obvious decrease in tumor cellularity. Intracellular changes commonly noted after chemotherapy included nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia and an increased N:C ratio which were found in upto 85% of the cases followed by presence of prominent nucleoli and karyorrhexis/karyolysis. The predominant stromal changes seen post-therapy included necrosis (74.4%), fibrosis (64.1%), desmoplasia (59%) and degenerative changes (33.3%). Breast cancer therapy causes morphological alterations in the cancerous as well as the surrounding healthy tissue. The histopathological interpretation in such cases, thus, requires a thorough knowledge of the cytological and stromal changes rendered by the therapy.
Endoscopic Resection of a Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Cyst via a Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Hitti Frederick Luke , Lee John Y.K. 
Published: March 2019

A variety of lesions may arise within the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Schwannomas and meningiomas are most commonly found in this location; however epidermoid cysts may also be found in this area. Here, we present the case of a 31-year-old man with severe right facial pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a right CPA mass that had heterogenous intensity on T2-weighted imagining and restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging. The patient was offered resection of the mass for treatment of his facial pain via an endoscopic retrosigmoid approach. We provide a video that illustrates the steps taken to resect this mass endoscopically. The mass was white and friable. The tumor was resected using a combination of sharp dissection with the microscissors and round knife and aspiration. As the tumor was removed, the 5th nerve was visualized deep to the tumor. The tumor was freed from any adhesions and was resected piecemeal. The round knife was used to free the tumor from surrounding venous structures. The brainstem and origin of the trigeminal nerve were visualized with further tumor debulking. We moved inferiorly to resect the remainder of the tumor. We worked around the surrounding vasculature to resect the tumor. Advancing the endoscope farther, we visualized Meckel's cave. The wound was irrigated and closed in standard fashion. Tissue pathology confirmed a diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. The vast majority of the mass was removed and the patient had resolution of his facial pain postoperatively.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/fSw5sw8xQz0.
“Like us you mean?”
Authors: Williams Valerie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter is about research in Disability Studies, where co-production, inclusivity and peer research are central (Barton 2005; Walmsley and Johnson 2003; Williams 1999, 2011, 2016). For instance, Williams (1999), which I will refer to as Project 1 involves disabled people and their organisations, both as researchers and researched. In emancipatory models (Oliver 1992; Zarb 1992; Barnes 2003), the notion is that disabled people are in control of the research agenda, not necessarily carrying out the research. Nevertheless, one of the arguments for the value of peer research is that a disabled researcher will be able to identify with disabled participants, and thereby produce richer data (Nind and Vinha 2014). However, as illustrated by Roulston (this volume), when interviewer and interviewee share a knowledge domain, the production of data in the interview can be problematic. This chapter adds to the notions of relative epistemic domains, by exploring the ways in which interviewer and interviewee not only attend to epistemics, but also to each other’s wider identities.
Epistemic shifts
Authors: Shelton Stephanie Anne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines epistemic shifts over the course of one year of interviews with “Bailey,” specifically in relation to the interviewer’s tendency to praise Bailey. Initially, Bailey sought the researcher and interviewer’s advice, establishing herself as having a knowledge deficit (K-) and the interviewer as an expert (K+). In this analysis, the researcher examines the epistemic shifts partially demonstrated through Bailey’s self-praise, which established Bailey as knowledgeable and an advisor to others (K+). In this chapter, the author shows how Bailey’s K+ self-descriptors contradict conversation norms, in that individuals typically downgrade their accomplishments and abilities in talk with others. In reexamining the data, the author finds that Bailey’s self-praise was in response to the interviewer’s talk, as she actively praised Bailey and Bailey’s teaching practice throughout the data. This discussion is valuable to interview-based research both because it explores the ways that an interviewer’s interactions shape a participant’s responses and the ways that, over multiple interviews, those interactions might influence epistemic shifts in interviewer/interviewee exchanges.
Continuers in research interviews
Authors: Pope Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Richards (2011) discussed the importance of understanding the role that continuers (Schegloff 1982) play in research interviews, proposing that understanding how talk is organized has been overlooked in researcher training. This paper draws from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to explore the researcher’s use of “mm hm” as a response token in a set of three interviews conducted with one participant during a qualitative case study. Specifically, it focuses on how the use of “mm hm” as a continuer, an acknowledgement token used as a way to give attention to participant accounting, and the use of silence might contribute to the interactional accomplishment of establishing rapport. Finally, the researcher reflects on the usefulness of examining response tokens in research interviews ethnomethodologically, the implications for developing interviewing expertise, and offers suggestions for future research.
Analytic solutions to the Maxwell–London equations and levitation force for a superconducting sphere in a quadrupole field
Authors: Hofer J , Aspelmeyer M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Recent proposals suggest using magnetically trapped superconducting spheres in the Meissner state to create low-loss mechanical oscillators with long coherence times. In these proposals the derivation of the force on the superconducting sphere and the coupling to the sphere typically relies on a vanishing penetration depth λ as well as a specific symmetry (i.e. restricting the position of the sphere to one axis) or heuristic methods (e.g. assigning an equivalent point magnetic dipole moment to the sphere). In this paper we analytically solve the Maxwell–London equations with appropriate boundary conditions for a superconducting sphere in a quadrupole field. The analytic solutions provide the full field distribution for arbitrary λ and for an arbitrary sphere position as well as the distribution of shielding currents within the sphere. We furthermore calculate the force acting on the sphere and the maximum field over the volume of the sphere. We show that for a certain range of λ the maximum field experienced by the superconducting sphere is actually lower than it is for a non-magnetic sphere.
An LC-Circuit Model for Dynamics of In-Building Heat Transfer across Atrium Space
Authors: Masaki I , Susuki Y , Mezic I , Ishigame A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We develop a novel mathematical model to represent the dynamics of heat transfer across atrium space, that is, a large open space inside a building. This modeling is established by a combination of an equivalent electric-circuit equation of thermal mass and measurement data. A novel point of it is to introduce not only resistance and capacitance but also inductance to the circuit model, which is different from traditional models of thermal mass and induces the second-order equation of heat balance. We propose to use the so-called Koopman mode decomposition to estimate the values of circuit parameters from measublack time-series data. Effectiveness of the circuit model is established with a numerical simulation incorporated with geometry, structure, and time-series data on a practically-used building in Japan.
Insect Food Products in the Western World: Assessing the Potential of a New ‘Green’ Market
Authors: Collins C Matilda , Vaskou Pauline , Kountouris Yiannis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough two billion people already eat insects in the world and the benefits of edible insects are well known, these ‘green’ sources of protein are neither treated as conventional food products nor widely incorporated into Western diets. Using a school-based investigation surveying 161 children, aged 6–15, and 114 of their parents in London, and an online consumer survey with mainly British and French consumers (N = 1,020), this research provides insights into the potential of the insect market in the West. This work supports the idea that incorporating insect food into our diets makes not only environmental but also business sense. A nonnegligible segment of the population surveyed is willing to pay for mealworm minced meat and young children and pre-teens could represent a substantial market segment, as yet unexplored. This analysis points to multiple marketing strategies, such as early exposure, education, reducing the visibility of insect parts, celebrity endorsement, or peer-to-peer marketing, all of which could facilitate the adoption of insect food in the ‘mainstream’ arena, according to the consumer segment being targeted. Generalizations from these results are restricted to an educated and youthful subset of the potential consumer pool and further work remains to understand the patterns of Western consumer acceptance for the range of insect foods.