bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of rotor geometry and fluid injection on screw compressor performance
Authors: Kumar A , Kovacevic A , Stosic N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Screw compressors are widely used in industrial and commercial applications due to their high efficiency, reliability, and durability. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of energy efficiency and performance. To address this, the current study investigates the impact of screw rotor geometrical parameters: wrap angle, relative length, and built-in volume ratio and fluid injection methods (oil, and water injection) on the performance of screw compressors. The research offers a detailed analysis of these parameters, with a focus on the empirical validation of water injection’s influence through experimental testing on an industrial screw compressor. The findings reveal that water injection reduces specific power consumption by 4.78 % compared to oil injection, highlighting its potential for improving compressor efficiency. This work contributes valuable insights into optimizing screw compressor design for enhanced performance and energy efficiency.
A Comparative Study of Structured and Cut-Cell Grids Applied to an Oil-Injected Screw Compressor
Authors: Barrubeeah M S , Saravana A , Bhaduri S , Low D , Groll E A , Ziviani D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Discretized Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) for numerical modeling of fluid mechanics systems require the use of various iterative linear solvers. In this study, two different CFD solvers, Ansys CFX and Converge, were employed to develop a transient 3D CFD model of an oil-injected screw compressor. Each solver utilized distinct meshing techniques—Ansys with a structured grid and Converge with a cut-cell grid. The numerical models have been validated utilizing experimental measurements. Presence of turbulent boundary layer and shear flow topology in the rotating fluid domains required implementing k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model along with the physics needed to capture multifluid interfaces. In CONVERGE CFD, Semi Implicit Pressure Linked Equation (SIMPLE) algorithm was used for initial model development and pressure-velocity coupling in a collocated grid model, eliminating checkerboard numerical oscillations with the Rhie-Chow interpolation scheme. Ansys CFX handles pressure-velocity interactions through its solver framework, which operates without requiring a separately defined pressure-velocity coupling algorithm. These model parameters and pressure velocity coupling algorithms are kept unchanged while comparing preconditioned Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) and Incomplete Lower and Upper triangular (ILU) decomposition. These two solvers yielded to different numerical instabilities and rate of convergence, affecting the simulation clock time.
Performance Analysis of a Water-Injected Twin-Screw Compressor in a High-Temperature R718 Heat Pump
Authors: Höckenkamp S , Grieb M , Utri M , Brümmer A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-temperature heat pumps with twin-screw compressors and water (R718) as the working fluid show promising potential for providing industrial heat and process steam at temperature levels of up to 200 °C. This paper presents a simulation approach for a two-layered simulation structure of a water-based high-temperature heat pump system including a twin-screw compressor with water-injection. The heat pump process with two-phase steam compression is investigated with respect to various aspects. In addition to controlling the compressor outlet temperature, the evaporation of the injected liquid leads to an increase in the displaced mass flow rate on the sink side of the heat pump. This effect is analyzed in detail for various system operating points using a thermodynamic simulation framework for the R718-based heat pump cycle and a comprehensive compressor model. The main target of the presented paper is the analysis of system performance and the detailed investigation of the interdependencies. Performance of the twin-screw compressor is determined by means of two-phase chamber model simulations. In the chamber model method thermodynamic properties of both injected liquid and steam are calculated based on the conservation equations of mass and energy for the compression process. Adequate sub-models for internal leakage and heat and mass transfer between vapor and liquid phase are applied. Integral results of the compressor simulations are embedded in the heat pump system simulation using a characteristic map. In conclusion, this paper contributes to the understanding of advanced compression technologies in the field of high-temperature heat pumps, offering a detailed examination of a water-injected steam compressor’s applicability and efficiency in a practical system setting.
Combined Rotor Rack Generation for Twin Screw Vacuum Pump Rotor Profile Design
Authors: Lu Y , Kovacevic A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rotor profile design is a critical factor influencing the efficiency and functionality of twin screw vacuum pumps. This paper delves into a specific aspect of rotor profile design using the rack generation method. The paper utilises an algorithm of rack generation tailored specifically to twin screw vacuum pump applications. The utilization of straight lines to form the rack ensures the generation of involute profiles on the rotors. Additionally, rack-generated rotors are typically easier to manufacture. Geometrical parameters, such as displacement and meshing line length across three rack generated rotor profiles are explored. Furthermore, chamber modelling is employed for the development of rotor profiles, augmenting the efficacy and reliability of the rack generation process. By focusing on rack generation, this paper offers valuable insights into rotor profile design, contributing to a deeper understanding of the methodologies driving innovation in twin screw vacuum pump technology.
Work while it is day
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
William assumed one of the highest offices of state for the first time in 1852, serving as chancellor of the exchequer in Aberdeen’s coalition government. In 1859 he returned to the treasury as chancellor under Palmerston. Between 1849 and 1852, he underwent a prolonged mid-life crisis that was associated with his ‘rescue work’, his work on family investments, and his vocation, or métier. He was tempted by erotic literature and attracted to some of the prostitutes he encountered in London’s West End, accusing himself of ‘adultery in the heart’. His agony was compounded by the conversion of his closest Anglican allies to Rome, in his view an act of ecclesiastical infidelity. He recovered from these convulsions, establishing a more settled family life, centred upon Hawarden Castle, and returning to the top table of British politics, only to pass through another period of confusion after the Crimean War, when he lost his way professionally.
Win-Win Deescalation
Authors: Koo John N L , Quek Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two states are stuck in a conflict because backing down is costly to their leaders. What can they do to exit the conflict peacefully? We propose a novel mechanism that is practically significant but not yet theorized and tested in international relations: win-win deescalation. One side “wins” because the other backs down, but the other also “wins” because it successfully frames its action to its public as a win. How effective are win frames? How would the public react to their leader’s—and the opponent’s—win frames? Using an original experiment in the midst of an ongoing US–China trade war, we identify win frames that can induce the perception of winning and reduce the public costs of deescalation for the Chinese government. The catch, however, is that when America uses the same win frames, it can compromise the Chinese government’s effort to deescalate the conflict, even when it is America backing down. Our work sheds light on the role of win frames in international conflict and how, in the eyes of domestic audiences, backing down is not necessarily losing—nor is the other backing down necessarily you winning.
Developing Microsurgery Skills Outside of the Operating Room
Authors: Muss Tessa E. , Malphrus Elizabeth , Albano Nicholas , Kanchwala Suhail 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The complex skills required to perform microsurgery are primarily taught in the high-stakes environment of the operating room. However, learners would benefit from developing these abilities in lower-stakes environments beforehand, allowing them to focus on higher-level tasks intraoperatively. This article outlines available resources for developing microsurgical skills outside the operating room and evaluates their alignment with best practices for performance enhancement, thereby identifying ways to improve microsurgical education.

Methods:
A systematic review and web search were performed in April 2024 to identify available microsurgical skills courses. Descriptive data were extracted from these resources, including course objectives, unique features, model used, and curriculum.

Results:
Literature and web search revealed 7 online video courses addressing microsurgical skill development. These had freely available multimedia content and used low-fidelity models with widely accessible materials. Six offered a curriculum. By contrast, 14 in-person flap and microsurgery courses in the United States were identified. These occurred over 2–5 days, cost thousands of dollars, and used high-fidelity models with guidance from experts. Finally, there were many simulation platforms ranging from low-fidelity synthetic models to cadaveric tissue to high-fidelity live animal models. These also encompassed technology-based practices such as virtual reality.

Conclusions:
Compared with high-fidelity training, low-fidelity models are more affordable, are reusable, and allow for dedicated educational opportunities that are better aligned with best practices for knowledge and skill acquisition. Consequently, they have the potential to reach a broader range of trainees and accelerate the learning curve, and therefore should be integrated into every microsurgery training program.
Autologous Testicle Construction With Buried Metoidioplasty Correction
Authors: Sparks Payton J. , Moit Harley L. , Tom Alan , Roth Joshua , Hadad Ivan 
Published: December 2024

Summary:
Gender-affirming surgery is essential for transgender individuals seeking alignment between their physical appearance and gender identity. Metoidioplasty is a masculinizing option for those assigned female at birth and often includes vaginectomy, urethral lengthening, scrotoplasty, creation of a neophallus, and testicular prostheses, typically implanted during a second-stage procedure. We describe a 39-year-old transgender man who initially underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy, metoidioplasty, and tubularized plate urethral lengthening 19 months earlier. Although the patient could achieve an erection and orgasm, he struggled with standing urination due to the penis being buried by the mons pubis and upper labia majora. In addition, he feared superior migration of the testicular prostheses, which could diminish the prominence of the neophallus. We elected to perform a monsplasty with resection and rearrangement of excess upper labial tissue to mimic testicles. This approach helps avoid the risks associated with prostheses, using the patient’s own tissues instead. This second-stage operation enhances the appearance of the neophallus and creates the cosmetic appearance of testicles using the patient’s own tissues, offering a safe and effective surgical option. Although metoidioplasty offers significant benefits in terms of appearance and sensation, it has limitations, including the challenge of achieving standing urination due to the typically shorter length of the neophallus. We aimed to present the effectiveness and associated patient satisfaction with this innovative approach, showing its viability as a safe surgical option.
The Role of Virtual Reality to Promote Mobilization in the Critical Care Setting: A Narrative Review
Authors: Li Maxwell , Race Meaghan , Huang Fanny , Escalon Miguel X. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that can be used as an early complementary intervention to promote early mobilization for critically ill patients. This narrative review examines early mobilization outcomes of VR intervention for patients in the ICU and PCCU. Comprehensive medical databases were searched for publications detailing the application of VR interventions in association with critical care. In total, seven studies were screened and selected for the review. Various VR programs help promote early mobilization by using movement-based programs and virtual environments to encourage increased activity and heightened diversity of movements. Furthermore, VR can enhance engagement and enjoyment for therapies and rehabilitation. The emergence of VR modalities shows increased mobility, motivation, and treatment satisfaction among critically ill patients. However, the limited data available, vulnerability of the patient population, safety concerns, and need for more controlled studies emphasize the importance of continued research and cautious implementation of VR interventions in critical care settings.
Characterizing Behavioral Effects of Early-Life Stress in an Animal Model of Auditory Processing
Authors: Hardy KA , Rybolt S , Patel B , Dye R , Rosen MJ 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnimal models provide significant insight into the development of typical and disordered sensory processing. Such models have been established to take advantage of physical and behavioral characteristics of specific species. For example, the Mongolian gerbil is a well-established model for auditory processing, with a hearing range similar in frequency to that of humans and an easily accessible cochlea. Recently, early-life stress (ELS) has been shown to affect sensory processing in auditory, visual, and somatosensory neural regions. To understand the functional impact of ELS, it is necessary to evaluate the susceptibility of sensory perceptual abilities to this early perturbation. Yet measuring sensory perception – e.g., using operant conditioning – often concurrently involves animal behavioral elements such as attention, memory, learning, and emotion. All of these elements are well-known to be impacted by ELS, and may affect behavioral measurements in ways that could be misconstrued as sensory deficits. Thus, it is critical to characterize which behavioral elements are affected by ELS in any sensory model. Here we induced ELS during a developmental time window for maturation of the auditory cortex in Mongolian gerbils. We conducted behavioral measures in juveniles, a developmental age when ELS is known to impair the auditory pathway. ELS had no effect on overall activity but reduced anxiety-related behavior, impaired recognition memory, and improved spatial memory, with some sex-specific effects. These effects may influence the ability of gerbils to learn and retain operant training, particularly if anxiety-provoking reinforcement is used.
Macroeconomic determinants of housing demand in Saudi Arabia: an autoregressive distributed lag approach
Authors: Akinwale Yusuf Opeyemi , Oladapo Ibrahim Abiodun , Olaopa Olawale Rafiu , Gabbori Dina 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the macroeconomic factors influencing housing demand in Saudi Arabia using quarterly data for the period 2010 Q1–2024 Q2.

Design/methodology/approach
The autoregressive distributed lag bounds test and vector error correction model are used to determine the dynamic relationship between the macroeconomic factors.

Findings
The results reveal that the F-statistic value of 4.2043 is higher than the upper bound of the critical values at 5% level of significance, indicating long-run association among the series. While there is a negative and significant influence of interest and inflation rates on housing demand, income per capita and population have a positive and significant influence on housing demand. Similar result is found for the short run analysis except income per capita which has positive but insignificant impact. Moreso, the population seems to be very crucial to housing demand in both short-run and long-run periods.

Social implications
The outcome of the study has important policy implications by enjoining the policymakers in Saudi Arabia to consider a decisive management of monetary and fiscal policies to ensure that inflation and interest rates for housing are kept at a low level to encourage housing demand. Also, adequate policies should be put in place to ensure housing/property affordability that matches the increasing population due to tourism, urbanisation and growing birth rate.

Originality/value
Studies on the macroeconomic determinants of housing demand are less explored as most studies dwell more on social and demographic factors despite the importance of macroeconomic factors towards house ownerships. There is a dearth of related studies in Saudi Arabia.
How streamer credibility affects viewers’ willingness to pay for online games: a social identity perspective
Authors: Kubat Dokumacı Umut 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThis paper proposes a structural model that explores the relationship between game/esports streamers’ credibility dimensions and viewers’ willingness to spend money (WTP) on online games. The study seeks to uncover the underlying mechanisms in this relationship by drawing on the source credibility model, social identity theory and S-O-R framework.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized an online survey conducted through Qualtrics survey software to validate the proposed framework. The sample (N = 612) consisted of viewers of a Turkish esports live streamer with a substantial following on both Twitch and YouTube. The main research framework was tested using AMOS 22, and the serial mediation analyses were done using Process v3.0 on SPSS.FindingsThe findings of this study are significant, revealing that streamer credibility (SC) factors – trustworthiness, attractiveness and expertise – have a profound impact on the response variables purchase intention (PI) and WTP through streamer identification (STI). Moreover, the study uncovers that the time spent watching the streamer significantly influences WTP for games, a crucial insight for the gaming industry.Practical implicationsBy bridging the realms of social identity theory and the source credibility model within the context of game streaming, this study charts new territory in understanding the intricate web of factors shaping consumer behaviour in live-stream gaming environments. It highlights the multifaceted nature of viewer-streamer interactions and their implications for marketers and industry stakeholders seeking to navigate the expanding landscape of live stream commerce.Originality/valueThis paper offers a novel structural framework that synthesizes multiple perspectives to investigate the relationship between esports streamers’ credibility and viewers’ spending behaviour. By incorporating concepts from the source credibility model, social identity theory and S-O-R framework, the study not only expands upon existing theories of identity in the streaming domain but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing consumer behaviour in online gaming environments.
The joint effect of earnings management and efficiency of cash management on firms’ financial well-being: evidence from Egypt
Authors: Hessian Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the association between earnings management and the efficiency of cash management as well as the extent to which this relationship affects a firm’s financial well-being (FWB).

Design/methodology/approach
Using fixed-effects models and quarterly financial statements of 178 nonfinancial firms, this study analyzes 3,376 firm-quarter observations listed on the Egyptian stock market from 2005 to 2019.

Findings
The empirical findings suggest that optimal cash holdings and cash holding excess increase with lower real earnings management (REM) of operating activities or higher accrual earnings management (AEM). This relationship positively impacts firms’ FWB but is negatively influenced by REM.

Research limitations/implications
This study’s findings have two key implications for standards regulators and decision-makers. First, the study reveals the link between opportunistic earnings management and cash management, emphasizing the need for stricter oversight in corporate governance to prevent risky long-term decisions. Furthermore, these findings suggest that regulators, specifically in emerging markets, should proactively develop policies to limit earnings management. Second, this study demonstrates how accounting discretion affects both earnings management and short-term working capital management, underscoring the potential erosion of stakeholders’ confidence when financial statements are misleading.

Originality/value
This study examines the impact of sales manipulation and overproduction on cash holdings. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is also the first study to explore how managerial discretion over both earnings and excess cash holdings influences a firm’s FWB. This study provides new empirical evidence of the joint effects of managerial opportunism in earnings and cash management on a firm’s financial health.
Board governance drivers of corporate sustainability levels in private firms: evidence from Sweden
Authors: Huq Asif M. , Cieślak Katarzyna , Sundberg Klas 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether board composition affects corporate sustainability (CS) levels in private firms. Additionally, the study examines a potential interplay between CS levels and CS reporting, and the impact of EU Directive 2014 / 95/EU (Non-Financial Reporting Directive [NFRD]) on resources spent on CS.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors surveyed the chief executive officers (CEOs), chief financial officers (CFOs) and Environment Officers of Swedish private firms subject to NFRD, receiving 149 valid responses (a response rate 24%). The authors coded the responses using van Marrewijk and Werre’s (2003) CS levels framework. The levels are Pre-CS, Compliance-driven, Profit-driven, Caring, Synergistic and Holistic. The study then explained the CS levels with board characteristics.

Findings
While on average the sample firms have a profit-driven CS level, the authors find that CS level is positively driven by female Chairs, female CEOs and external CEOs. Early voluntary reporting before NFRD does not explain the CS level. On adoption of the NFRD, mandatory reporters increased resources spent on CS activities and CS reporting more than early voluntary-reporters. Nonetheless, slightly over half of the sample firms reported no significant impact of the NFRD on resources spent on CS.

Practical implications
The findings may be useful for stakeholders interested in corporate governance and CS levels. Also, the findings support further regulation such as EU Directive 2022/2464 (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive [CSRD]).

Social implications
In private firms, female leaders are likely to play a significant role in driving altruistically motivated CS practices.

Originality/value
The focus is on private firms in Sweden which, unlike those in other jurisdictions, were subject to NFRD. Methodologically, the use of a survey provides an alternative to the previous heavy reliance on archival research.