bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A golden age for maser surveys
Authors: Breen Shari L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMasers are becoming increasingly important probes of high-mass star formation, revealing details about the kinematics and physical conditions at the elusive, early stages of formation. Over the last decade significant investment has been made in a number of large-scale, sensitive maser surveys targeting transitions found in the vicinity of young, high-mass stars. Individually, these searches have led to valuable insights into maser populations, their associated star formation regions, and often revealed further details such as Galactic structure. In combination, they become even more powerful, especially when considered together with complementary multi-wavelength data. Another consequence of large maser surveys has been the identification of a number of especially interesting sources that have been the subject of subsequent detailed studies. I summarize the recent plethora of maser surveys, their results, and how they are contributing to our understanding of star formation. Ongoing searches will ensure a bright future of maser surveys in the decade to come.
Infrared variability, maser activity, and accretion of massive young stellar objects
Authors: Stecklum Bringfried , Garatti Alessio Caratti o , Hodapp Klaus , Linz Hendrik , Moscadelli Luca , Sanna Alberto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMethanol and water masers indicate young stellar objects. They often exhibit flares, and a fraction shows periodic activity. Several mechanisms might explain this behavior but the lack of concurrent infrared (IR) data complicates the identification of its cause. Recently, 6.7 GHz methanol maser flares were observed, triggered by accretion bursts of high-mass YSOs which confirmed the IR-pumping of these masers. This suggests that regular IR changes might lead to maser periodicity. Hence, we scrutinized space-based IR imaging of YSOs associated with periodic methanol masers. We succeeded to extract the IR light curve from NEOWISE data for the intermediate mass YSO G107.298+5.639. Thus, for the first time a relationship between the maser and IR variability could be established. While the IR light curve shows the same period of ~34.6 days as the masers, its shape is distinct from that of the maser flares. Possible reasons for the IR periodicity are discussed.
Hot and cold running water: understanding evolved star winds
Authors: Richards A. M. S. , Gray M. D. , Baudry A. , Humphreys E. M. L. , Etoka S. , Decin L. , Marti-Vidal I. , Sobolev A. M. , Vlemmings W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOutstanding problems concerning mass-loss from evolved stars include initial wind acceleration and what determines the clumping scale. Reconstructing physical conditions from maser data has been highly uncertain due to the exponential amplification. ALMA and e-MERLIN now provide image cubes for five H2O maser transitions around VY CMa, at spatial resolutions comparable to the size of individual clouds or better, covering excitation states from 204 to 2360 K. We use the model of Gray et al. 2016, to constrain variations of number density and temperature on scales of a few au, an order of magnitude finer than is possible with thermal lines, comparable to individual cloud sizes or locally almost homogeneous regions. We compare results with the models of Decin et al. 2006 and Matsuura et al. 2014 for the circumstellar envelope of VY CMa; in later work this will be extended to other maser sources.
Class I Methanol Maser Emission in NGC 4945
Authors: McCarthy Tiege P. , Ellingsen Simon P. , Chen Xi , Breen Shari L. , Voronkov Maxim A. , Qiao Hai-hua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe have detected maser emission from the 36.2 GHz (4−1 → 30E) methanol transition towards NGC 4945. This emission has been observed in two separate epochs and is approximately five orders of magnitude more luminous than typical emission from this transition within our Galaxy. NGC 4945 is only the fourth extragalactic source observed hosting class I methanol maser emission. Extragalactic class I methanol masers do not appear to be simply highly-luminous variants of their galactic counterparts and instead appear to trace large-scale regions where low-velocity shocks are present in molecular gas.
Pumping regimes of Class I methanol masers
Authors: Sobolev A. M. , Parfenov S. Yu. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the current paper we describe results of an extensive and refined analysis which shows that the beaming leads to considerable changes in the model line ratios and brightness estimates. For example, beaming shifts the locus of the brightest masers to the lower values of the gas densities. Recent theoretical paper by Leurini et al. (2016) presented extensive consideration of the Class I methanol maser (MMI) pumping. Their study allowed to distinguish only 3 of 4 MMI pumping regimes found in Sobolev et al. (2005) and Sobolev et al. (2007) on the basis of analysis of observational data combined with theoretical considerations. The regime when the line from the J−2 − (J − 1)−1E series is the brightest was missing in Leurini et al. (2016) results. This may be explained by considering the fact that the authors did not take into account considerable beaming effects.
Strong magnetic field of the peculiar red supergiant VY Canis Majoris
Authors: Shinnaga Hiroko , Claussen Mark J. , Yamamoto Satoshi , Masumi Shimojo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report on magnetic field measurements associated with the well-known extreme red supergiant (RSG), VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). We measured both linear and circular polarization of the SiO v = 0, J = 1 − 0 transition using a sensitive radio interferometer. The measured magnetic field strengths are surprisingly high. A lower limit for the field strength is expected to be at least ~ 10 Gauss based on the high degree of linear polarization. Since the field strengths are very high, the magnetic field must be a key element in understanding the stellar evolution of VY CMa as well as the dynamical and chemical evolution of the complex circumstellar envelope of the star.
Radio continuum of galaxies with H2O megamaser disks
Authors: Kamali F. , Henkel C. , Brunthaler A. , Impellizzeri C. M. V. , Menten K. M. , Braatz J. A. , Greene J. E. , Reid M. J. , Condon J. J. , Lo K. Y. , Kuo C. Y. , Litzinger E. , Kadler M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn our attempt to investigate the basic active galactic nucleus (AGN) paradigm requiring a centrally located supermassive black hole (SMBH), a close to Keplerian accretion disk and a jet perpendicular to its plane, we have searched for radio continuum in galaxies with H2O megamasers in their disks. We observed 18 such galaxies with the Very Large Baseline Array in C band (5 GHz, ~2 mas resolution) and we detected 5 galaxies at 8 σ or higher levels. For those sources for which the maser data is available, the positions of masers and those of the 5 GHz radio continuum sources coincide within the uncertainties, and the radio continuum is perpendicular to the maser disk’s orientation within the position angle uncertainties.
Class I methanol masers in low-mass star formation regions
Authors: Kalenskii S. , Kurtz S. , Hofner P. , Bergman P. , Walmsley C.M. , Golysheva P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present a review of the properties of Class I methanol masers detected in low-mass star forming regions (LMSFRs). These masers, henceforth called LMMIs, are associated with postshock gas in the lobes of chemically active outflows in LMSFRs NGC1333, NGC2023, HH25, and L1157. LMMIs share the main properties with powerful masers in regions of massive star formation and are a low-luminosity edge of the total Class I maser population. However, the exploration of just these objects may push forward the exploration of Class I masers, since many LMSFRs are located only 200–300 pc from the Sun, making it possible to study associated objects in detail. EVLA observations with a 0.2″ spatial resolution show that the maser images consist of unresolved or barely resolved spots with brightness temperatures up to 5 × 105 K. The results are “marginally” consistent with the turbulent model of maser emission.
VERA Single Dish Observations
Authors: Sunada Kazuyoshi , Nagayama Takumi , Yamauchi Aya , Hirota Tomoya , Shibata Katsunori M. , Honma Mareki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe will report the activities of the VERA single-dish observations. We are carrying out single-dish observations with two purposes. The first purpose is the monitoring of known H2O maser sources. At present, we are carrying out monitoring observations for 312 H2O maser sources at intervals of two months. The second purpose is the search for new water maser sources. We selected 901 target sources from the AKARI FIS Bright Source Catalogue. We found 61 new H2O maser sources.
Maser Astrometry and Galactic Structure Study with VLBI
Authors: Honma Mareki , Nagayama Takumi , Hirota Tomoya , Sakai Nobuyuki , Oyama Tomoaki , Yamauchi Aya , Ishikawa Toshiaki , Handa Toshihiro , Hirano Ken , Imai Hiroshi , Jike Takaaki , Kameya Osamu , Kono Yusuke , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nakagawa Akiharu , Shibata Katsunori M. , Sakai Daisuke , Sunada Kazuyoshi , Sugiyama Koichiro , Sato Katsuhisa , Omodaka Toshihiro , Tamura Yoshiaki , Ueno Yuji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this proceeding paper, we introduce the recent results of Galactic maser astrometry by mainly focusing on those obtained with Japanese VLBI array VERA. So far we have obtained parallaxes for 86 sources including preliminary results, and combination with the data obtained with VLBA/BeSSeL provides astrometric results for 159 sources. With these most updated results we conduct preliminary determinations of Galactic fundamental parameters, obtaining R0 = 8.16 ± 0.26 kpc and Θ0 = 237 ± 8 km/s. We also derive the rotation curve of the Milky Way Galaxy and confirm the previous results that the rotation curve is fairly flat between 5 kpc and 16 kpc, while a remarkable deviation is seen toward the Galactic center region. In addition to the results on the Galactic structure, we also present brief overviews on other science topics related to masers conducted with VERA, and also discuss the future prospect of the project.
Peculiarities of Maser Data Correlation / Postcorrelation in Radioastron Mission
Authors: Litovchenko I. D. , Likhachev S. F. , Kostenko V. I. , Girin I. A. , Ladygin V. A. , Shurov M. A. , Avdeev V. Yu. , Alakoz A. V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe discuss specific aspects of space-ground VLBI (SVLBI) data processing of spectral line experiments (H2O & OH masers) in Radioastron project. In order to meet all technical requirements of the Radioastron mission a new software FX correlator (ASCFX) and the unique data archive which stores raw data from all VLBI stations for all experiments of the project were developed in Astro Space Center. Currently all maser observations conducted in Radioastron project were correlated using the ASCFX correlator. Positive detections on the space-ground baselines were found in 38 sessions out of 144 (detection rate of about 27%). Finally, we presented upper limits on the angular size of the most compact spots observed in two galactic H2O masers, W3OH(H2O) and OH043.8-0.1.
RadioAstron space-VLBI project: studies of masers in star forming regions of our Galaxy and megamasers in external galaxies
Authors: Sobolev A. M. , Shakhvorostova N. N. , Alakoz A. V. , Baan W. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObservations of the masers in the course of RadioAstron mission yielded detections of fringes for a number of sources in both water and hydroxyl maser transitions. Several sources display numerous ultra-compact details. This proves that implementation of the space VLBI technique for maser studies is possible technically and is not always prevented by the interstellar scattering, maser beaming and other effects related to formation, transfer, and detection of the cosmic maser emission. For the first time, cosmic water maser emission was detected with projected baselines exceeding Earth Diameter. It was detected in a number of star-forming regions in the Galaxy and two megamaser galaxies NGC 4258 and NGC 3079. RadioAstron observations provided the absolute record of the angular resolution in astronomy. Fringes from the NGC 4258 megamaser were detected on baseline exceeding 25 Earth Diameters. This means that the angular resolution sufficient to measure the parallax of the water maser source in the nearby galaxy LMC was directly achieved in the cosmic maser observations. Very compact features with angular sizes about 20\muas\, have been detected in star-forming regions of our Galaxy. Corresponding linear sizes are about 5-10 million kilometers. So, the major step from milli- to micro-arcsecond resolution in maser studies is achieved by the RadioAstron mission. The existence of the features with extremely small angular sizes is established. Further implementations of the space–VLBI maser instrument for studies of the nature of cosmic objects, studies of the interaction of extremely high radiation field with molecular material and studies of the matter on the line of sight are planned.
LBA high resolution observations of ground- and excited-state OH masers towards G351.417+0.645
Authors: Chanapote T. , Asanok K. , Dodson R. , Rioja M. , Green J. A. , Kramer B. Hutawarakorn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present the results from the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA) observations of the ground- and excited-state OH masers at high resolutions towards the massive star-forming region G351.417+0.645 in 2012. We obtain the most accurate spatial gradient of magnetic fields at ground state transitions and verify the reliability of magnetic field strengths measured from previous lower resolution observations. In comparison with previous LBA observations in 2001 at 6.0 GHz, we identified several matched Zeeman pairs. We found that the OH maser features have no significant change of magnetic field strengths and directions with small internal proper motions, implying quite stable physical conditions. Additionally, we found that 1665- and 6035-MHz OH maser features reveal the same trend of reversal of magnetic fields. Moreover, we also analyzed the physical conditions at different locations from the coincidence of different OH maser transitions based on current OH maser models.
Probing Early Phases of High Mass Stars with 6.7 GHz Methanol Masers
Authors: Paulson Sonu Tabitha , Pandian Jagadheep D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMethanol masers at 6.7 GHz are the brightest of class II methanol masers and have been found exclusively towards massive star forming regions. These masers can thus be used as a unique tool to probe the early phases of massive star formation. We present here the SED studies of 284 methanol masers chosen from the MMB catalogue, which falls in the Hi-GAL range (|l| ≤ 60°, |b| ≤ 1°). The masers are studied using the ATLASGAL, MIPSGAL and Hi-GAL data at wavelengths ranging from 24−870 micrometers. A single grey body component fit was used to model the cold dust emission whereas the emission from the warm dust is modelled by a black body. The clump properties such as isothermal mass, FIR luminosity and MIR luminosity were obtained using the best fit parameters of the SED fits. We discuss the physical properties of the sources and explore the evolutionary stages of the sources having 6.7 GHz maser emission in the timeline of high mass star formation.
Extragalactic maser surveys
Authors: Henkel C. , Greene J.-E. , Kamali F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince the IAU (maser-)Symposium 287 in Stellenbosch/South Africa (Jan. 2012), great progress has been achieved in studying extragalactic maser sources. Sensitivity has reached a level allowing for dedicated maser surveys of extragalactic objects. These included, during the last years, water vapor (H2O), methanol (CH3OH), and formaldehyde (H2CO), while surveys related to hydroxyl (OH), cyanoacetylene (HC3N) and ammonia (NH3) may soon become (again) relevant. Overall, with the upgraded Very Large Array (VLA), the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), FAST (Five hundred meter Aperture Synthesis Telescope) and the low frequency arrays APERTIF (APERture Tile in Focus), ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder) and MeerKAT (Meer Karoo Array Telescope), extragalactic maser studies are expected to flourish during the upcoming years. The following article provides a brief sketch of past achievements, ongoing projects and future perspectives.
Rapid burst of 6.7 GHz methanol maser in the high mass star region G33.641-0.228
Authors: Bērziņš Kārlis , Shmeld Ivar , Aberfelds Artis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report another 6.7 GHz methanol maser burst in the high mass star region G33.641-0.228. The flare is in its second component at vLSR = 59.6 km s−1 and was observed in August-September 2016 by VIRAC radio telescope RT-32 in Irbene, Latvia. Several bursts of the second spatial component of G33.641-0.228 have been reported previously by Fujisawa et al. The maximum peak flux density of the source was measured to reach 343 Jy that is 13 times increase from its ground level. Significant oscillations were discovered during the decay phase indicating a more complex burst mechanism that cannot be explained by a simple heating of the region.
Structure of the Milky Way: View from the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Hyland Lucas J. , Ellingsen Simon P. , Reid Mark J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe exclusive association of Class II methanol masers with high mass star formation regions and in turn spiral arms, makes them ideal tracers of spiral structure. The bright and compact nature of masers also makes them good sources for Very Long Baseline Interferometry, with their fluxes visible on some of the longest terrestrial baselines. The success of the BeSSeL (Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy) project has demonstrated the use of masers in large scale high–precision trigonometric parallax surveys. This survey was then able to precisely map the spiral arms visible from the Northern Hemisphere and recalculate the fundamental Milky Way parameters R0 and θ0. The majority of the Milky Way is visible from the Southern Hemisphere and at the present time the Australian LBA (Long Baseline Array) is the only Southern Hemisphere array capable of taking high–precision trigonometric parallax data. We present the progress–to–date of the Southern Hemisphere experiment. We will also unveil a new broadband Southern Hemisphere array, capable of much faster parallax turnaround and atmospheric calibration.
Comparisons of gut microbiota profiles in wild-type and gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9-deficient mice in acute DSS-induced colitis
Authors: de Bruyn Magali , Sabino João , Vandeputte Doris , Vermeire Séverine , Raes Jeroen , Opdenakker Ghislain 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGut microbiota help to educate the immune system and a number of involved immune cells were recently characterized. However, specific molecular determinants in these processes are not known, and, reciprocally, little information exists about single host determinants that alter the microbiota. Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an innate immune regulator and effector, has been suggested as such a host determinant. In this study, acute colitis was induced in co-housed MMP-9-/- mice (n = 10) and their wild-type (WT) littermates (n = 10) via oral administration of 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days followed by 2 days of regular drinking water. Control mice (10 WT and 10 MMP-9-/-) received normal drinking water. Fecal samples were collected at time of sacrifice and immediately frozen at −80 °C. Microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on Illumina MiSeq and taxonomic annotation was performed using the Ribosomal Database Project as reference. Statistical analysis correcting for multiple testing was done using R. No significant differences in clinical or histopathological parameters were found between both genotypes with DSS-induced colitis. Observed microbial richness at genus level and microbiota composition were not significantly influenced by host genotype. In contrast, weight loss, disease activity index, cage, and phenotype did significantly influence the intestinal microbiota composition. After multivariate analysis, cage and phenotype were identified as the sole drivers of microbiota composition variability. In conclusion, changes in fecal microbiota composition were not significantly altered in MMP-9-deficient mice compared to wild-type littermates, but instead were mainly driven by DSS-induced colonic inflammation.
Neuroepithelial control of mucosal inflammation in acute cystitis
Authors: Butler Daniel S. C. , Ambite Ines , Nagy Karoly , Cafaro Caterina , Ahmed Abdulla , Nadeem Aftab , Filenko Nina , Tran Thi Hien , Andersson Karl-Erik , Wullt Björn , Puthia Manoj , Svanborg Catharina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe nervous system is engaged by infection, indirectly through inflammatory cascades or directly, by bacterial attack on nerve cells. Here we identify a neuro-epithelial activation loop that participates in the control of mucosal inflammation and pain in acute cystitis. We show that infection activates Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and Substance P (SP) expression in nerve cells and bladder epithelial cellsin vitroandin vivoin the urinary bladder mucosa. Specific innate immune response genes regulated this mucosal response, and single gene deletions resulted either in protection (Tlr4−/−andIl1b−/−mice) or in accentuated bladder pathology (Asc−/−andNlrp3−/−mice), compared to controls. NK1R/SP expression was lower inTlr4−/−andIl1b−/−mice than in C56BL/6WT controls but inAsc−/−andNlrp3−/−mice, NK1R over-activation accompanied the exaggerated disease phenotype, due, in part to transcriptional de-repression ofTacr1. Pharmacologic NK1R inhibitors attenuated acute cystitis in susceptible mice, supporting a role in disease pathogenesis. Clinical relevance was suggested by elevated urine SP levels in patients with acute cystitis, compared to patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria identifying NK1R/SP as potential therapeutic targets. We propose that NK1R and SP influence the severity of acute cystitis through a neuro-epithelial activation loop that controls pain and mucosal inflammation.
Anaesthetic Effects of Eugenol on Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) of Different Sizes at Different Concentrations and Temperatures
Authors: Li Yingdong , She Qiuxin , Han Zhibin , Sun Na , Liu Xu , Li Xiaodong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEssential oil derivatives are widely used for anaesthetising aquatic animals. However, the effectiveness of anaesthesia often varies according to the anaesthetic agent, species, temperature, dosage, and interactions among these factors. This study evaluated the effects of eugenol on three sizes of the shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis at different concentrations and temperatures. Eugenol dose, water temperature, and shrimp size were found to significantly influence anaesthesia in P. sinensis. Induction time decreased linearly with increasing water temperature and eugenol concentration, while it increased with body weight. However, recovery times lengthened with increasing concentration and temperature, and shortened with lower body size. At 100 and 200 μL/L eugenol concentrations, the survival rates of medium and large shrimps were maintained at over 80% at all temperatures studied over 72 h recovery. However, the survival rates of small shrimps were below 60% at 24 °C and 28 °C over 5 days of recovery. These results suggest that eugenol is an effective and rapid anaesthetic for P. sinensis, but it might have disadvantages such as slow recovery and possible mortality in small shrimps and at higher temperatures and dosages.