bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialities in the Institutionalisation of Hungarian Leader Local Action Groups
Authors: Patkós Csaba 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
LEADER local action groups (LAGs) have become an integral part of the European rural landscape. Our article examines how LEADER groups operate in Hungary by analysing their territorial, symbolic and institutional shape, and the established role of LAGs in Hungary. The results reveal an irregular territorial shape combined with uncertain symbolic form. The institutional constellation is significantly influenced by the size of the member municipalities. Action groups integrating smaller local authorities must involve more NGOs and enterprises to fulfil participatory regulations. Local bureaux are small and their functions are not differentiated according to the state of development. Although Hungarian LAGs, in a European comparison, have many levels of tasks their level of governance is relatively low.
Identity Changes in the Slovenian and Friulian Linguistic Communities in the Province of Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
Authors: Kumar Danila Zuljan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the intertwined relationship between identity construction, language practices and language ideologies of Slovenes and Friulians in the Province of Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. We are dealing with two indigenous linguistic minorities whose native language was historically restricted to the private sphere of life. However, due to altered social conditions of decentralization and globalization, the ever-increasing use of these languages outside private sphere has been noticed. The phenomenon will be illuminated by the statements of the members of both linguistic minorities. The final part of the paper will present the reawakening of a dying culture and language of the village of Topolove through an art festival, called Postaja Topolove/Stazione Topolò, whose basic concept is to avoid folklorism and create the most advanced artwork search.
Influence of salidroside, a neuroactive compound of Rhodiola rosea L., on alcohol tolerance development in rats
Authors: Szulc Michał , Mularczyk Piotr , Kujawski Radosław , Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Kamińska Ewa , Geppert Bogna , Baraniak Justyna , Kania-Dobrowolska Małgorzata , Ożarowski Marcin , Krajewska-Patan Anna , Mikołajczak Przemysław Ł. 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Introduction: In recent years, the search for potential neuroprotective properties of salidroside and its ability to influence the activity of nervous system become the subject of intense studies of many research groups. None of these studies, however, include an attempt to determine the effect of salidroside on the course of alcohol tolerance in vivo.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of salidroside to inhibit the development of alcohol tolerance in rats, determining whether the effect of its action may occur in a dose-dependent manner, reducing both metabolic and central tolerance without affecting body temperature in control rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected daily with ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg for 9 consecutive days to produce ethanol tolerance. Salidroside in two doses (4.5 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg b.w.) or vehiculum was administered orally. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 8th day a hypothermic effect of ethanol was measured, while the loss of righting reflex procedure was performed on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 7th day. On the 9th day rats were treated with salidroside, sacrificed 1 h after ethanol injections and blood was collected for blood-ethanol concentration measurement.

Results: Salidroside at a dose of 45 mg/kg inhibited the development of tolerance to hypothermic and sedative effects of ethanol, whereas insignificant elevation of blood-ethanol concentration was observed. The dose of 4.5 mg/kg b.w. had minimal effect, only small inhibition of tolerance to hypothermic action was observed. Salidroside affected neither body mass growth nor body temperature in non-alcoholic (control) rats.

Conclusions: Results of the study indicate that salidroside at a dose of 45 mg/kg inhibited the development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol. Observed inhibition of tolerance to the sedative effect of ethanol seems to be associated with salidroside influence on the central nervous system. A comprehensive explanation of the abovementioned observations requires further pharmacological and pharmacodynamic studies.
Dosimetric comparison of deep inspiration breath hold and free breathing technique in stereotactic body radiotherapy for localized lung tumor using Flattening Filter Free beam
Authors: Mani Karthick Raj , Bhuiyan Md. Anisuzzaman , Alam Md. Mahbub , Ahmed Sharif , Sumon Mostafa Aziz , Sengupta Ashim Kumar , Rahman Md. Shakilur , Azharul Islam Md. S. M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Aim: To compare the dosimetric advantage of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized lung tumor between deep inspiration breath hold technique and free breathing technique.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively included ten previously treated lung tumor patients in this dosimetric study. All the ten patients underwent CT simulation using 4D-CT free breathing (FB) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) techniques. Plans were created using three coplanar full modulated arc using 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) bream with a dose rate of 1400 MU/min. Same dose constraints for the target and the critical structures for a particular patient were used during the plan optimization process in DIBH and FB datasets. We intend to deliver 50 Gy in 5 fractions for all the patients. For standardization, all the plans were normalized at target mean of the planning target volume (PTV). Doses to the critical structures and targets were recorded from the dose volume histogram for evaluation.
Results: The mean right and left lung volumes were inflated by 1.55 and 1.60 times in DIBH scans compared to the FB scans. The mean internal target volume (ITV) increased in the FB datasets by 1.45 times compared to the DIBH data sets. The mean dose followed by standard deviation (x̄ ± σx̄) of ipsilateral lung for DIBH-SBRT and FB-SBRT plans were 7.48 ± 3.57 (Gy) and 10.23 ± 4.58 (Gy) respectively, with a mean reduction of 36.84% in DIBH-SBRT plans. Ipsilateral lung were reduced to 36.84% in DIBH plans compared to FB plans.
Conclusion: Significant dose reduction in ipsilateral lung due to the lung inflation and target motion restriction in DIBH-SBRT plans were observed compare to FB-SBRT. DIBH-SBRT plans demonstrate superior dose reduction to the normal tissues and other critical structures.
Comparison of three and four-field radiotherapy technique and the effect of laryngeal shield on vocal and spinal cord radiation dose in radiotherapy of non-laryngeal head and neck tumors
Authors: Pour Noushin Hassan , Farajollahi Alireza , Jamali Masoud , Zeinali Ahad , Jangjou Amir Ghasemi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Due to the effect of radiation on both the tumor and the surrounding normal tissues, the side effects of radiation in normal tissues are expected. One of the important complications in the head and neck radiotherapy is the doses reached to the larynx and spinal cord of patients with non-laryngeal head and neck tumors.
Materials and Methods: In this study, CT scan images of 25 patients with non-laryngeal tumors including; lymph nodes, tongue, oropharynx and nasopharynx were used. A three-field and a four-field treatment planning with and without laryngeal shield in 3D CRT technique were planned for each patient. Subsequently, the values of Dmin, Dmean, Dmax and Dose Volume Histogram from the treatment planning system and NTCP values of spinal cord and larynx were calculated with BIOPLAN and MATLAB software for all patients.
Results: Statistical results showed that mean values of doses of larynx in both three and four-field methods were significantly different between with and without shield groups. Comparison of absorbed dose didn’t show any difference between the three and four field methods (P>0.05). Using Shield, just the mean and minimum doses of spinal cord decreased in both three and four fields. The NTCP of the spinal cord and larynx by three and four-field methods with shield in the LKB and EUD models significantly are less than that of the three and four fields without shields, and in the four-field method NTCP of larynx is less than three radiation field.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in doses reached to larynx and spinal cord between the treatments techniques, but laryngeal shield reduce dose and NTCP values in larynx considerably.
The rate of repeating X-rays in the medical centers of Jenin District/Palestine and how to reduce patient exposure to radiation
Authors: Assi Abed Al Nasser 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Reduction of the patient’s received radiation dose to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) is based on recommendations of radiation protection organizations such as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and characteristics of rejected / repeated radiographic films in governmental and private centers in Jenin city. The radiological centers were chosen based on their high volume of radiographic studies. The evaluation was carried out over a period of four months. The collected data were compiled at the end of each week and entered into a computer for analysis at the end of study. Overall 5000 films (images) were performed in four months, The average repeat rate of radiographic images was 10% (500 films). Repetition rate was the same for both thoracic and abdominal images (42%). The main reason for repeating imaging was inadequate imaging quality (58.2%) and poor film processing (38%). Human error was the most likely reason necessitating the repetition of the radiographs (48 %). Infant and children groups comprised 85% of the patient population that required repetition of the radiographic studies. In conclusion, we have a higher repetition rate of imaging studies compared to the international standards (10% vs. 4-6%, respectively). This is especially noticeable in infants and children, and mainly attributed to human error in obtaining and processing images. This is an important issue that needs to be addressed on a national level due to the ill effects associated with excessive exposure to radiation especially in children, and to reduce cost of the care delivered.
Comparison of incident air kerma (ki) of common digital and analog radiology procedures in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province
Authors: Vafapour Hassan , Salehi Zaker 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Although in many developed countries, Analog radiography (AR) is replaced with digital radiography (DR) but AR is still widely used in many countries included Iran. Therefore, dosimetrically assessment of delivered dose is very important to avoid unnecessary patient dose.
Materials and Methods: In this study, all imaging centers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad were selected. The initial information included the mean kVp and mAs used by the personnel to perform each radiological procedure were gathered through a questionnaire. Barracuda dosimeter was then used to measure Incident air kerma (ki). Data obtained from digital radiography (DR) and analogue radiography (AR) were then analyzed and compared to each other.
Results: The mean incident air kerma (ki) for five radiological procedures (chest AP&Lat, Skull AP&Lat, Lumbar spine AP&Lat, Thoracic spine AP&Lat and Pelvis) in digital devices were 0.38&1.34, 2.1&1.94, 4.99&7.83, 4.18& 6.41 and 4.33 mGy and those for analogue devices were 0.7&1.28, 3.05&3.02, 7.25&9.9, 7.125&8.36 and 5.36 mGy, respectively.
Discussion and Conclusion: The use of low kVp or high mAs is one of the reasons to increase the incident air kerma (ki) in analogue methods comparing to digital methods in all procedures except the chest (in Lateral view). Also the results, surprisingly, showed that in some of the analogue methods incident air kerma (ki) was less than digital methods which is most probably because of the auto-exposure conditions.
Emergence of Convolutional Neural Network in Future Medicine: Why and How. A Review on Brain Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Alizadeh Savareh Behrouz , Emami Hassan , Hajiabadi Mohamadreza , Ghafoori Mahyar , Majid Azimi Seyed 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Manual analysis of brain tumors magnetic resonance images is usually accompanied by some problem. Several techniques have been proposed for the brain tumor segmentation. This study will be focused on searching popular databases for related studies, theoretical and practical aspects of Convolutional Neural Network surveyed in brain tumor segmentation. Based on our findings, details about related studies including the datasets used, evaluation parameters, preferred architectures and complementary steps analyzed. Deep learning as a revolutionary idea in image processing, achieved brilliant results in brain tumor segmentation too. This can be continuing until the next revolutionary idea emerging.
Impact of Dietary, Socioeconomic, and Physical Factors on Obese and Overweight Schoolchildren Living in Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria) and Ain Defla (Centre)
Authors: Didaoui Hayat , Khaled Méghit Boumediene 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background and aims: The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of environmental factors; food, socio-economic, and physical activity, on a group of obese children living in Ain-Defla (Center Algeria) and Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West Algeria).

Material and methods: The protocol was carried out on a cohort of 125 school children aged of 5 to 11 years, including 64 boys and 61 girls, and 139 school children, including 93 boys and 46 girls in Ain Defla and Sidi-Bel-Abbes respectively. Concerning the classification of obesity and overweight, we referred to the International Obesity Task Force and the French References' curves.

Results: Regarding dietary intake our results showed that 34% of students from both regions took their breakfast, compared to 66% who did not take. Furthermore, 73% of students skipped at least one meal, however 23% respected meals frequency i.e. 4 meals a day. Regarding socio-economic factors and physical activity, our findings showed that obesity rates were high (36%) among children whose fathers are workers. However, for mothers who are housewives, obesity increases among their children (88%). The relationship was reversed between the parents' education level and the Body Mass Index. We found an opposite relationship between Body Mass Index and physical activity, and investigated children use screen devices for long time periods.

Conclusions: Our study showed a positive relationship between obesity and overweight and environmental factors.
Influence of Bromocriptine Plus Metformin Treatment on Glycaemia and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Briones-Aranda Alfredo , Ramírez-Carballo Javier , Gómez Bernardo Alfredo Romero , Villa Victor Manuel Vega , Pérez Manuela Castellanos , Parra Esmeralda Garcia , Santeliz-Montero Hugo Roberto 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background and aims: Bromocriptine is a dopaminergic (D2) agonist that has shown hypoglycemic and normotensive activity in preclinical and clinical studies. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bromocriptine plus metformin on glycaemia and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Material and methods: An open-label randomised controlled trial was conducted for three months. It involved two groups (n=10), each containing 2 women and 8 men with an average age of 50 years. One group was given monotherapy (MT) with metformin (850 mg every 12 h) and the other combined therapy (CT) with the same dose of metformin plus an increasing dose of bromocriptine (from 1.25 mg per day to 2.5 mg per day). The parameters monitored were glycaemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, blood pressure, and the body mass index.

Results: CT was able to significantly decrease the level of glycaemia, HbA1c and diastolic blood pressure, whereas MT had no effect on any of the measured variables.

Conclusions: The ability of CT with bromocriptine and metformin to control glycaemia and produce a normotensive effect reaffirms its advantages for controlling T2DM. Further research is needed to improve this therapeutic strategy.
Evaluation of Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Overt Hypothyroidism
Authors: Miulescu Rucsandra Dănciulescu , Margină Denisa , Ungurianu Anca , Roșca Roxana Irina , Nicolau Alina , Mihai Andrada Doina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background and Aims. Previous studies report the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with overt hypothyroidism. The thyroid hormones are essential for neurological and intellectual functions. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects are exposed to higher risk of cognitive function alteration compared to nondiabetic subjects. The aim of the present study was to analyze the cognitive function of T2DM subjects with overt hypothyroidism.

Materials and Methods. We performed an observational study between 2015-2017. A total of 12 patients (11 women and 1 men) with overt hypothyroidism and T2DM were recruited for this study. Their cognitive function was compared with that of subjects of a control group (16 patients - 12 women and 4 men with T2DM but without overt hypothyroidism). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured by immunoradiometric assay, free thyroxine (FT4) by radioimmunoassay while fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were evaluated using automated devices.

Results. There were no significant differences between the two groups in respect of age and FPG. In the study group, mean TSH and FT4 levels were 11.76±4.43 mIU/L, resepectively 0.53±0.08 ng/dL while in the control group these were 2.60±0.40 mIU/L, respectively 1.12±0.19 ng/dL (p<0.001). Moderate cognitive impairment was present in 3 patients of the study group (25.00%) and in 2 subjects from the control group (12.50%). Mild cognitive impairment was present in 4 patients (33.33%) of the study group and in 2 subjects from the control group (12.50%).

Conclusion. This study showed that MMSE scores are significantly reduced in subjects with T2DM and hypothyroidism compared to subjects with T2DM without hypothyroidism (p<0.004). The study revealed a negative correlation between TSH and MMSE score in the study group.
Interrogating Thompsonâ€™s Community Approach to Oral History with Special Reference to Selected Oral History Programmes in Zimbabwe
Authors: Bhebhe Sindiso 
Published: April 2018

Â Thompson (1998, 27) argued that â€œthere have been telling criticisms of a relationship with informers in which a middle-class professional determines who is to be interviewed and what is to be discussed and then disappears with a tape of somebodyâ€™s life which they never hear about againâ€”and if they did, might be indignant at the unintended meanings imposed on their words.â€ This is one of the criticisms that have been levelled at conventional oral history methodologies, especially those used by national institutions such as National Archives of Zimbabwe. It is Thompsonâ€™s argument that with the use of a â€œcommunity approachâ€ methodology, communities are empowered and then have confidence in writing their history which will be accessible to the public. This article will therefore interrogate Thompsonâ€™s concept using case studies of the Mafela Trust, the Tso-ro-tso San Development Trust and the National Archives of Zimbabwe to understand the positives and negatives of the community approach to oral history. The Mafela Trust is a private archival institution which deals with the memory of the Zimbabwe African Peopleâ€™s Union (ZAPU) whilst the Tso-ro-tso San Development Trust deals with the San Community of Zimbabwe. These institutions have used oral history as a tool to collect their oral testimonies; therefore this article will use oral history testimonies, some of which are archived, as its source of data. Document analysis will also be doneÂ
Hunting for Organic Molecules with Artificial Intelligence: Molecules Optimized for Desired Excitation Energies
Authors: Sumita Masato , Yang Xiufeng , Ishihara Shinsuke , Tamura Ryo , Tsuda Koji 
Published: April 2018

This work presents a proof-of-concept study in artificial-intelligence-assisted (AI-assisted) chemistry where a machine-learning-based molecule generator is coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, synthesis, and measurement. Although deep-learning-based molecule generators have shown promise, it is unclear to what extent they can be useful in real-world materials development. To assess the reliability of AI-assisted chemistry, we prepared a platform using the ChemTS molecule generator and a DFT simulator, and attempted to generate novel photo-functional molecules whose lowest excited states lie at desired energetic levels. A ten-day run on 12 cores discovered 86potential photo-functional molecules around target lowest excitation levels, designated as 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 nm. Among the molecules discovered, six were synthesized and five were confirmed to reproduce DFT predictions in ultraviolet visible absorption measurements. This result shows the potential of AI-assisted chemistry to discover ready-to-synthesize novel molecules with modest computational resources.The Android robot is reproduced or modified from work created and shared by Google and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE IMPACT OF PROPERTY ON THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATUS OF PEOPLE
Authors: DIACONESCU Amelia Mihaela , BANU Cristina 
Published: April 2018

Property is indissolubly linked to people's lives, forming part of it, being a permanent problem and occupying a particularly important place in economic, social, political and philosophical science. Through the structure outlined in this short study, we are also trying to analyze the impact of ownership on people's economic and social status, relative to the concept of property and economic freedom. So, the impact of property as a multiple social relationship on the social status of people is relevant, namely the link between property and economic freedom, property and social justice, property and equality/inequality in society.
Derechos sociales, derechos fundamentales, garantismo, jurisprudencia constitucional, Estado social de derecho
Authors: Rico Chavarro Dídima 
Published: April 2018

Este artículo sintetiza la primera parte del informe final que sobre la investigación “Jurisprudencia constitucional garantista en los derechos de participación y seguridad alimentaria, un instrumento pedagógico para su exigibilidad y garantía” se entregó a la Secretaría Distrital de IntegraciónSocial –SDIS– en cumplimiento del Convenio de Asociación No. 3385/08 celebrado entre dicha Secretaría y la Fundación Universidad Autónoma de Colombia. El trabajo se centró en examinar, sistematizar y analizar los derechos de petición y las acciones de tutela elevados por la ciudadanía capitalina ante la SDIS, los derechos alegados en cada caso Vs. la jurisprudencia utilizada por las partes, el administrador de justicia y la decisión tomada. Los resultados muestran, entre otros, la necesidad de una política pública que desarrolle un marco jurídico que ayude a materializar la realización de los derechos, de manera que se reduzca la necesidad de acudir a acciones judiciales paralograr la satisfacción de los mismos.