bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binary Planet Formation by Gas-assisted Encounters of Planetary Embryos
Authors: Chrenko Ondřej , Brož Miroslav , Nesvorný David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present radiation hydrodynamic simulations in which binary planets form by close encounters in a system of several super-Earth embryos. The embryos are embedded in a protoplanetary disk consisting of gas and pebbles and evolve in a region where the disk structure supports convergent migration due to Type I torques. As the embryos accrete pebbles, they become heated and thus affected by the thermal torque and the hot-trail effect, which excites orbital eccentricities. Motivated by findings of Eklund & Masset, we assume that the hot-trail effect also operates vertically and reduces the efficiency of inclination damping. Non-zero inclinations allow the embryos to become closely packed and also vertically stirred within the convergence zone. Subsequently, close encounters of two embryos assisted by the disk gravity can form transient binary planets that quickly dissolve. Binary planets with a longer lifetime of ∼104 yr form in three-body interactions of a transient pair with one of the remaining embryos. The separation of binary components generally decreases in subsequent encounters and because of pebble accretion until the binary merges, forming a giant planet core. We provide an order-of-magnitude estimate of the expected occurrence rate of binary planets, yielding one binary planet per ≃(2–5) × 104 planetary systems. Therefore, although rare, binary planets may exist in exoplanetary systems and they should be systematically searched for.
Hypermassive Neutron Star Disk Outflows and Blue Kilonovae
Authors: Fahlman Steven , Fernández Rodrigo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We study mass ejection from accretion disks around newly formed hypermassive neutron stars (HMNSs). Standard kilonova model fits to GW170817 require at least a lanthanide-poor (“blue”) and lanthanide-rich (“red”) component. The existence of a blue component has been used as evidence for an HMNS remnant of finite lifetime, but average disk outflow velocities from existing long-term HMNS simulations fall short of the inferred value (∼0.25c) by a factor of ∼2. Here we use time-dependent, axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations of HMNS disks to explore the limits of the model and its ability to account for observations. For physically plausible parameter choices compatible with GW170817, we find that hydrodynamic models that use shear viscosity to transport angular momentum cannot eject matter with mass-averaged velocities larger than ∼0.15c. While outflow velocities in our simulations can exceed the asymptotic value for a steady-state neutrino-driven wind, the increase in the average velocity due to viscosity is not sufficient. Therefore, viscous HMNS disk winds cannot reproduce by themselves the ejecta properties inferred from multi-component fits to kilonova light curves from GW170817. Three possible resolutions remain feasible within standard merger ejecta channels: more sophisticated radiative transfer models that allow for photon reprocessing between ejecta components, inclusion of magnetic stresses, or enhancement of the dynamical ejecta. We provide fits to our disk outflow models once they reach homologous expansion.
Simulating the Impact of the Smith Cloud
Authors: Alig C. , Hammer S. , Borodatchenkova N. , Dobbs C. L. , Burkert A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We investigate the future evolution of the Smith Cloud by performing hydrodynamical simulations of the cloud impact onto the gaseous Milky Way Galactic disk. We assume a local origin for the cloud and thus do not include a dark matter component to stabilize it. Our main focus is the cloud’s influence on the local and global star formation rate (SFR) of the Galaxy and whether or not it leads to an observable event in the far future. Our model assumes two extremes for the mass of the Smith Cloud, an upper mass limit of 107

and a lower mass limit of 106

compared to the observational value of a few 106

. In addition, we also make the conservative assumption that the entirety of the cloud mass of the extended Smith Cloud is concentrated within the tip of the cloud. We find that the impact of the low-mass cloud produces no noticeable change in neither the global SFR nor the local SFR at the cloud impact site within the galactic disk. For the high-mass cloud we find a short-term (roughly 5 Myr) increase of the global SFR of up to 1

yr−1, which nearly doubles the normal Milky Way SFR. This highly localized starburst should be observable.
Monitoring of Serum HBV RNA, HBcrAg, HBsAg and anti-HBc Levels in Patients during Long-Term Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogue Therapy
Authors: Liao Hao , Liu Yan , Li Xiaodong , Wang Jie , Chen Xiangmei , Zou Jun , Li Qi , Liu Lujie , Wang Jun , Huang Bixia , Lu Fengmin , Xu Dongping 
Published: December 2018

Background This study was aimed at evaluating the clinical significance of serum HBV RNA, hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) levels in chronic hepatitis B patients with undetectable HBV DNA during nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NA) treatment. Methods Fifty-seven patients who received long-term NA treatment of median 5.83 (25%, 75% percentiles 4.67, 7.75) years were enrolled, and 285 serum samples at five time points for each patient were quantitatively analysed for the three serum markers together with serum HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels. Results The HBV RNA level significantly correlated with HBcrAg ( r=0.629; P<0.001) but not HBsAg levels ( P=0.1460). Nonetheless, the HBcrAg level significantly correlated with the HBsAg level ( r=0.469; P<0.001). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive samples showed higher HBV RNA, HBcrAg and HBsAg levels than HBeAg-negative samples did (all P<0.05). Nine patients with HBeAg loss manifested a significantly greater decline in HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels (median 1.84 [25%, 75% percentiles 1.02, 2.12] log10 copies/ml, 1.14 [0.62, 2.21] log10 U/ml, respectively) compared with those in seven patients without HBeAg loss (0.74 [0.10, 1.08] log10 copies/ml and 0.41 [0.21, 0.69] log10 U/ml, respectively). Overall, serum HBV RNA, HBcrAg, HBsAg and anti-HBc levels gradually decreased with time during NA treatment. At the end of observation, HBV RNA and HBcrAg reached an undetectable level in 26 and 6 (46% and 11%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: Monitoring of HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels is useful for NA-treated patients with undetectable HBV DNA. The attainment of HBV RNA undetectability usually occurs prior to HBcrAg undetectability.
Development and study of a microwave reflex-radar level gauge of the nuclear reactor coolant
Authors: Melnikov Vladimir , Ivanov Vadim , Teplyashin Ivan , Timonin Mikhail 
Published: December 2018

The article considers the design of a microwave reflex-radar level gauge of the nuclear reactor coolant. The main advantage of the reflex-radar measurement principle is that it does not affect the accuracy of measuring the level of bubbles present, coolant condensation and boiling, changes in its pressure as well as temperature and density. In addition, the measuring transmitter design is quite simple.
In this level gauge, a microwave waveguide made as a coaxial line is used as a transducer (measuring probe). The probe consists of a steel pipe with an external diameter of 20 mm and a central electrode: it is located vertically and immersed in a controlled coolant. The probe wave resistance is 50 ohms. The device electrical diagram is presented. The oscillograms of the received signals and the basic relationships explaining the level gauge operation are given. The signals of the coaxial measuring probe are studied in a fluid with a variable dielectric constant. The results of an experimental study of the level gauge operation in a water coolant at high parameters are given: at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures up to 310 °C. It is shown that the device maintains its functional stability under these conditions. The level gauge’s readings practically need not be corrected when the coolant’s thermophysical properties change. The device is intended for use in the control and management systems of nuclear power plants as well as in fuel reprocessing plants.
Reactivity margin evaluation software for WWR-c reactor
Authors: Belyavtsev Ivan , Starkov Sergey 
Published: December 2018

The WWR-c reactor reactivity margin can be calculated using a precision reactor model. The precision model based on the Monte Carlo method (Kolesov et al. 2011) is not well suited for operational calculations. The article describes the work on creating a software package for preliminary evaluations of the WWR-c reactor reactivity margin.
The research has confirmed the possibility of using an artificial neural network to approximate the reactivity margin based on the reactor core condition. Computational experiments were conducted on training the artificial neural network using the precision model data and real reactor measured data. According to the results of the computational experiments, the maximum relative approximation error ∆k/k for fuel burnup was 3.13 and 3.56%, respectively. The mean computation time was 100 ms.
The computational experiments showed it possible to construct the artificial neural network architecture. This architecture became the basis for building a software package for evaluating the WWR-c reactor reactivity margin – REST API based web-application – which has a convenient user interface for entering the core configuration. It is also possible to replenish the training sample with new measurements and train the artificial neuron network once again.
The reactivity margin evaluation software is ready to be tested by the WWR-c reactor personnel and to be used as a component of the automated reactor refueling system. With minor modifications, the software package can be used for reactors of other types.
Evaluation of pharmacological correction of L-name-induced endothelial dysfunction, platelet aggregation and venous tone with diosmin Detralex 1000 mg
Authors: Lukyanova Yulia S. , Pokrovskii Mikhail V. , Kolesnichenko Pavel D. , Gureev Vladimir V. , Zhilinkova Lyudmila A. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Chronic venous diseases are one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. Recent studies have shown high significance of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and oxidative stress in their pathogenesis. For the correction of the occurring changes, drugs of the flavonoid group, particularly diosmin and hesperidin, are currently used. Numerous studies have confirmed a vast range of biological effects of diosmin; however, there are only sporadic data on its endothelium protective effects.
Materials and methods. The study was performed in 70 white mature male rats of Wistar line, weighing 180-220 g. ED simulation was performed using non-selective blocker of NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Functional vascular tests and biochemical markers were used to determine a degree of correction of functional disorders. An anti-inflammatory effect of Detralex 1000 mg was estimated in 10 mature albino rabbits weighing 2800 - 3200 g by using o-xylene. The study of the venotonic property of the drug was carried out in the experiment in an isolated segment of the rats’ portal vein with Ca2+ solutions at a concentration of 0.08-1.75 mcM. The histologic specimens were prepared in accordance with the generally accepted methods.
Results and discussion. The administration of the test drug did not lead to a statistically significant decrease in blood pressure in the conditions of L-NAME-induced ED. However, there was a dose-dependent statistically significant decrease in the coefficient of ED (CED), which indicates a positive endothelium protective effect. Course administration of Detralex 1000 mg leads to a significant dose-dependent correction of platelet aggregation disorders, which is manifested in the extended aggregation time. The results of studying an anti-inflammatory activity of the drug showed a decrease in the size of spots caused by the application of o-xylene, and the extention of the time interval before their onset. Studying a Ca2+-mediated smooth muscle response showed that the vein contractile force reaches its maximum at a higher dosage of the drug with a lower concentration of Ca2+. In the morphological study of the stomach wall, small and large intestine of the intact rats and rats receiving a course of Detralex 1000 mg, there were no inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the comparison group.
Conclusions. The study found that Detralex 1000 mg significantly reduces the ED coefficient and slows platelet aggregation against the background of L-NAME-induced ED; the efficacy is dose-dependent. Detralex 1000 mg dose-dependently reduces vascular permeability disorders caused by the application of o-xylene. The test drug has a Ca2+-mediated mechanism of increasing the contractile activity of the venous wall. It was found that the course administration of the drug per os has no local irritative effect.
« Si on se prétend politiquement engagés, on doit être dans l’action »
Authors: Madj  , Sonnette-Manouguian Marie 
Published: December 2018

Né en 1963 en région parisienne, Madj passe une grande partie de sa vie dans la banlieue Nord-Est parisienne, entre Les Lilas, Romainville et Bagnolet. Grand amateur de musique, il écume les disquaires dès sa pré-adolescence dans les années 1970 à la recherche des nouveautés rock et d’échanges avec d’autres amateurs. C’est au cours des années 1980 qu’il est séduit par l’arrivée du genre musical rap, notamment grâce à des groupes qui font le pont entre les deux genres : Run-DMC et les Beastie Boys. En 1987, il devient un acteur de ces mouvements musicaux en animant, aux côtés de Mil, une émission sur Radio Beur (actuelle Beur FM) intitulée « Fusion dissidente » et sous-titrée « Tribune libre de la culture urbaine ». L’émission est parmi les premières à diffuser IAM sur des ondes parisiennes et elle reçoit de nombreux·ses artistes, comme les rappeurs de NTM ou d’Assassin qui viennent rapper en direct. Lorsque l’émission s’arrête en 1991, le groupe de rap Assassin, composé des rappeurs Rockin’Squat et Solo, du DJ Clyde et du producteur Doctor L, lui propose de le rejoindre en tant que manager. Rapidement, son rôle au sein d’Assassin Productions s’élargit : il gère l’image du groupe dans les médias mais travaille aussi à sa politisation et à ses liens avec les mouvements sociaux de l’époque, notamment en animant et rédigeant dans les années qui suivront du contenu d’analyse politique pour son site internet. Assassin devient le fer de lance d’un rap engagé, aussi bien dans des textes emprunts de théories marxistes que dans son soutien à de nombreux mouvements sociaux et politiques. Madj participe aux plus gros succès du groupe (comme L’homicide volontaire en 1995) et produit d’autres artistes (Kabal, La Caution) avec le label Assassin Productions, jusqu’en 2005. Depuis 2005, Madj poursuit son activité musicale en étant DJ.
Si les propos paraissent violents, la réalité est tellement plus violente !
Authors: Chilla  , Carrel Marion , Flory Julienne , Osganian Patricia 
Published: December 2018

Un itinéraire dans Mouvements à 24 ans ? ! Faisant écho à l’article de Marion Dalibert dans ce numéro, on remarquera d’abord que, célébrée – non sans raisons – dans nombre de médias comme l’« étoile montante du rap » en France, Chilla affiche un profil idéal pour se différencier du rappeur mauvais coucheur : femme dans un milieu considéré comme masculin, métisse, elle ne vient pas des quartiers, elle a acquis une solide formation classique en conservatoire, elle rappe et chante, elle a fait le buzz avec trois titres féministes, elle ne s’exhibe pas dans ses clips. Mais Chilla, qui revient ici sur son jeune parcours, ne rentre pas dans les cases : si elle assume la référence féministe et se réclame de l’humanisme, elle n’a rien contre l’affichage de l’argent, l’hypersexualisation, ni même, sous certaines conditions, les bombements de torse machos. Elle livre également ses analyses sur le rap et les questions identitaires, la violence, l’importance de l’insolence et du second degré, les différentes formes de sexualité, le rôle des réseaux sociaux et le rapport des artistes à l’argent.
« C’est bien de perdre de temps à autre pour se rappeler qu’on n’est pas Napoléon »
Authors: Maestre Rita , Albenga Viviane , Jami Irène , Albenga Viviane 
Published: December 2018

Politologue de formation, Rita Maestre, née en 1988, est membre du conseil citoyen de Podemos, où elle est responsable des politiques de bien-être social. Depuis 2015, élue sur la liste menée par Manuela Carmena, Ahora Madrid, elle est aussi porte-parole du conseil municipal de la ville de Madrid. Elle assure aussi la coordination du conseil de gouvernement local. Mouvements l’a rencontrée à l’occasion de sa participation au séminaire organisé à Madrid, les 2 et 3 mars 2018 (voir Mouvements n˚ 94, 2018/2).
L’expertise en sciences sociales : une affaire politique ? Le cas de l’Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire (Anses)
Authors: Benamouzig Daniel , Borraz Olivier , Jouzel Jean-Noël , Salomon Danielle 
Published: December 2018

On a parfois reproché aux agences sanitaires de techniciser et de dépolitiser les controverses scientifiques. Jusqu’à quel point le recours croissant aux sciences sociales par ces agences participe-t-il d’une dépolitisation de l’expertise sanitaire ? Révèle-t-il au contraire les dimensions politiques intrinsèques du travail d’expertise ? L’observation empirique d’expertises réalisées au sein de l’Anses montre que l’inclusion des sciences sociales dans l’évaluation des risques contribue à renforcer ses dimensions politiques, en accompagnant l’émergence de nouveaux enjeux, en faisant apparaître des intérêts ou des valeurs divergentes, ou en renouvelant les modalités d’expertise sur des questions plus anciennes. Elle met aussi en évidence les stratégies que déploient les experts en sciences sociales pour légitimer leur rôle singulier dans l’expertise.
La place de la sociologie au sein d’une recherche-action collaborative : retour d’expérience sur une innovation en prévention des risques
Authors: Boutroy Eric , Soulé Bastien 
Published: December 2018

À partir d’une expérience de cinq années de recherche soutenue par une fondation d’entreprise (2012-2017), cette contribution décrit nos pratiques d’enquête, de plus en plus finalisées et collaboratives. De quelle manière, et avec quels effets, un collectif de chercheurs a-t-il glissé d’une posture distanciée, initialement destinée à réaliser un état des lieux de l’accidentologie dans les sports de montagne, à une recherche-action centrée sur la coproduction d’une plateforme de partage de retours d’expérience ? Dans le cadre de commandes peu sociologisées, nous montrerons en quoi le fait d’être sociologues a facilité la réalisation des travaux, sans en occulter les limites et les compromis.
Growing a Professional Identity: A Grounded Theory of Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Goodolf Dawn M. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study was to construct a grounded theory that describes the experiences and explains the process of prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students as they progressed in a traditional nursing program.

Method:
Strauss and Corbin's approach to grounded theory was utilized to guide this study.

Result:
The basic social psychological process (BSPP) for baccalaureate nursing students that emerged was “searching for balance and utilizing support networks while growing a professional identity.” The core category identified was unanticipated expectations, whereas the subcategories that emerged were self-doubt, confidence, sacrifice, rigor, and relevance. To successfully progress through the program, students needed to relinquish preconceptions and acclimate to the academic and, ultimately, the professional nursing climate.

Conclusion:

Findings support and broaden previous research on the expectations and professional identity formation of nursing students. Understanding this BSPP process is beneficial for educators to promote a student-centered learning environment. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(12):705–711.]
Identifying Future Health Professionals' Understanding of the Determinants of Health
Authors: Baverstock Katherine A. , Gargya Diane Marie , Jackson Mervyn , Stupans Ieva 
Published: December 2018

Background:
An understanding of the determinants of health is essential for all health professionals to be able to contribute to health promotion and disease prevention.

Method:
This project sought to explore first-year students' understanding of determinants of health through a photograph essay assessment.

Results:
Approximately one third of the students chose to depict social determinants of health, such as poverty and homelessness. Other determinants, such as individual human behavior, physical determinants, and policy, were less frequently selected. Content analysis of the students' photograph essay indicated two themes regarding approaches they believed could be used to improve equity— Education, and The Role of the Government.

Conclusion:

Given the expectations of health professionals to contribute to health promotion and disease prevention in their communities, the findings from this study provide evidence for the need to develop new teaching and learning strategies to more effectively prepare health professional students for the future. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(12):756–759.]
Innovative Approach to Address Disability Concepts and Standardized Patients With Disability in an Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Smeltzer Suzanne C. , Ross Jennifer G. , Mariani Bette , Meakim Colleen H. , Bruderle Elizabeth , Petit de Mange Elizabeth , Nthenge Serah 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Despite a growing population of people with disabilities (PWD), health care professionals, including nurses, receive little educational preparation to provide health care to them. To address this issue in nursing education, the faculty of a school of nursing designed and implemented an innovative teaching strategy that can be adopted by other nursing programs and faculty.

Method:
A systematic plan was developed and implemented to integrate standardized patients with disabilities (SPWD) into an existing undergraduate nursing program. Steps included careful planning, review, and modification of existing simulation-based scenarios, obtaining buy-in of faculty across the curriculum, recruitment and training of PWD to be SPWD, and implementation of the project.

Results:
The program in which all undergraduate nursing students have repeated contact with SPWD has been successfully implemented throughout the curriculum.

Conclusion:

The project addressed the multiple calls to improve the preparation of health care professionals to provide quality care to PWD. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2018;57(12):760–764.]