bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of benralizumabversusinterleukin-5 inhibitors for the treatment of severe asthma: a systematic review
Authors: Bourdin Arnaud , Husereau Don , Molinari Nicolas , Golam Sarowar , Siddiqui Mohd Kashif , Lindner Leandro , Xu Xiao 
Published: October 2018

Benralizumab is an interleukin-5 receptor α-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that directly depletes eosinophils. Its relative efficacyversusother IL-5-targeted treatments for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma is not yet fully characterised.We performed a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) of benralizumabversusmepolizumab and reslizumab. Trials were selected through systematic review and evaluation of trial methods. Benralizumab patient-level data were weighted to match treatment-effect-modifying patient characteristics of comparator trials before indirect efficacy comparisons.After matching adjustment, benralizumab and mepolizumab reduced exacerbationsversusplacebo by 52% and 49%, respectively (rate ratio [RR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.78–1.13; n=1524) and reduced the rate of exacerbations requiring hospitalisation/emergency department visit by 52% and 52%, respectively (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.57–1.75; n=1524). Benralizumab and mepolizumab similarly improved pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s at 32 weeks (difference 0.03 L, 95% CI −0.06–0.12; n=1443). Benralizumab and reslizumab patient populations were too dissimilar to generate a sufficient effective sample size to produce a reliable estimate for MAIC.MAIC is a robust way to indirectly compare treatment efficacies from trials with heterogeneous patient populations. When baseline patient characteristics were matched across asthma trials, benralizumab and mepolizumab yielded similar efficacy.
Prevalence of different carbapenemase genes among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii blood isolates in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Teng-Ho , Leu Yi-Shing , Wang Nai-Yu , Liu Chang-Pan , Yan Tsong-Rong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Although the prevalence of the carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) has increased in Taiwan, few studies have elucidated the prevalence of different carbapenemase genes in Taiwan. The first objective of this study was to identify the types and prevalence of different carbapenemase genes, and the second objective was to determine the carbapenem antimicrobial susceptibility of carbapenemase producing isolates.

Methods
In total, 269 CRAB blood isolates from four medical centres in Taiwan from 1/1/2009 to 31/12/2013 were analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Vitek 2 system. Carbapenemase genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to identify the different pulsotypes.

Results
All 269 CRAB isolates had the blaOXA-51-like gene, while 237 (88.1%) had the blaOXA-23-like gene, and 11 (4.09%) had the blaOXA-24-like gene. Twenty-one CRAB isolates (7.81%) contained only the blaOXA-51-like gene. None of the isolates had the blaOXA-58-like gene or the metallo-β-lactamases (MBL)-encoding genes. In 28.69% of isolates with the blaOXA-23-like gene and 90.91% of isolates with the blaOXA-24-like gene, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for imipenem were 64 mg/L or more. In 37.55% of isolates with the blaOXA-23-like gene and 100% of isolates with the blaOXA-24-like gene, meropenem MICs were 64 mg/L or more. PFGE analyses indicated that six highly similar genomes which harbored the blaOXA-24-like gene came from three different medical centres.

Conclusion
Our study determined the prevalence of CRAB, the types and prevalence of carbapenemase genes, carbapenem susceptibility among CRAB isolates, and documented that the blaOXA-24-like gene had greater resistance to carbapenem than the blaOXA-23-like gene. We also demonstrated inter-hospital transmission of the highly resistant blaOXA-24-like gene.
‘A man who revels in his own ignorance, racism and misogyny’: Identifiable referents trump indefinite grammar
Authors: Jones Katy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTypically, a noun phrase beginning with the indefinite article introduces a referent assumed to be unknown to the addressee. But in newspaper opinion journalism, this is not always the case. In ‘instead of hailing its first female president, it [the US] seems poised to hand the awesome power of its highest office toa man who revels in his own ignorance, racism and misogyny’ (The Guardian, 9/11/16), ‘a man who…’canbe understood as a new referent or type. But once seen in context, where the identity of the man is known, it becomes clear that it is signalling something different. This paper examines how this sort of reference works by challenging existing accounts of ‘late’ indefinites and the meaning relation of co-extension.It is shown that lexical cohesive ties between the expression and preceding text and context create a shared space which allows these expressions to function ‘definitely’.
Diagnostic Classification of Cystoscopic Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Eminaga Okyaz , Eminaga Nurettin , Semjonow Axel , Breil Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

Purpose The recognition of cystoscopic findings remains challenging for young colleagues and depends on the examiner’s skills. Computer-aided diagnosis tools using feature extraction and deep learning show promise as instruments to perform diagnostic classification. Materials and Methods Our study considered 479 patient cases that represented 44 urologic findings. Image color was linearly normalized and was equalized by applying contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization. Because these findings can be viewed via cystoscopy from every possible angle and side, we ultimately generated images rotated in 10-degree grades and flipped them vertically or horizontally, which resulted in 18,681 images. After image preprocessing, we developed deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models (ResNet50, VGG-19, VGG-16, InceptionV3, and Xception) and evaluated these models using F1 scores. Furthermore, we proposed two CNN concepts: 90%-previous-layer filter size and harmonic-series filter size. A training set (60%), a validation set (10%), and a test set (30%) were randomly generated from the study data set. All models were trained on the training set, validated on the validation set, and evaluated on the test set. Results The Xception-based model achieved the highest F1 score (99.52%), followed by models that were based on ResNet50 (99.48%) and the harmonic-series concept (99.45%). All images with cancer lesions were correctly determined by these models. When the focus was on the images misclassified by the model with the best performance, 7.86% of images that showed bladder stones with indwelling catheter and 1.43% of images that showed bladder diverticulum were falsely classified. Conclusion The results of this study show the potential of deep learning for the diagnostic classification of cystoscopic images. Future work will focus on integration of artificial intelligence–aided cystoscopy into clinical routines and possibly expansion to other clinical endoscopy applications.
Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Bone Mass in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kindler Joseph M , Lobene Andrea J , Vogel Kara A , Martin Berdine R , McCabe Linda D , Peacock Munro , Warden Stuart J , McCabe George P , Weaver Connie M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContextInsulin resistance is an adverse health outcome that accompanies obesity. Fat mass is negatively associated with the bone mass after adjustment for confounders. Insulin resistance might be an intermediary in this relationship.ObjectiveTo determine whether insulin resistance is an intermediary in the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in adolescents.DesignCross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a previous randomized trial.SettingUniversity research facility.ParticipantsA total of 240 adolescents (68% female), aged 7 to 15 years.Main Outcome MeasuresUsing dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density, lean mass, and fat mass were measured. Skeletal sites of interest included the total body and lumbar spine (LS). Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric tape measure. Insulin and glucose were measured in fasting sera, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Path analysis was performed to determine whether the relationship between adiposity and bone was mediated through insulin resistance.ResultsFat mass (r = 0.467; P &lt; 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.487; P &lt; 0.001) correlated positively with HOMA-IR. Controlling for race, sex, maturation, lean mass, and height, fat mass, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR were negatively associated with LS BMC and total body areal bone mineral density (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Additionally, path models for fat mass (95% CI, −5.893 to −0.956) and waist circumference (95% CI, −15.473 to −2.124) showed a negative relationship with LS BMC via HOMA-IR.ConclusionsThese results support an intermediary role of insulin resistance in the relationship between adiposity and LS bone mass.
SRF'ing and SAP'ing – the role of MRTF proteins in cell migration
Authors: Gau David , Roy Partha 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Actin-based cell migration is a fundamental cellular activity that plays a crucial role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. An essential feature of the remodeling of actin cytoskeleton during cell motility is the de novo synthesis of factors involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion in response to growth-factor signaling, and this aspect of cell migration is critically regulated by serum-response factor (SRF)-mediated gene transcription. Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) are key coactivators of SRF that link actin dynamics to SRF-mediated gene transcription. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of MRTF in both normal and cancer cell migration by discussing its canonical SRF-dependent as well as its recently emerged SRF-independent functions, exerted through its SAP domain, in the context of cell migration. We conclude by highlighting outstanding questions for future research in this field.
Effectiveness of triple antibiotic paste as an intra-canal medication for the root canal treatment of non-vital teeth with apical periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Abdel Hamid Ehab , Abdel Aziz Saied , Sadek Hany Samy , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

Background: This is a systematic review to assess and provide a pooled effect estimate, if possible, for the effects of triple antibiotic paste as an intra-canal medication for root canal treatment of mature permanent non-vital teeth with apical periodontitis. This review will assess post-operative pain, flare-up incidence, and clinical and radiographic healing. Methods: Nine electronic databases (Pubmed, CENTRAL, VHL, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Trip, OpenGrey, Proquest) were searched along with two major clinical trial registries. Conference proceedings, reference lists and citations of the included studies were also searched. A total of 537 records were identified and 392 were obtained after duplicate removal. Six records were identified after screening and three studies were included after full text eligibility assessment. Results: Three comparators were reported in the included studies: calcium hydroxide paste, 2% chlorhexidine gel and ledermix paste. There was no statistically significant difference between triple antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide regarding postoperative pain, and clinical and radiographic healing of periapical lesions. There was no difference between triple antibiotic paste and chlorhexidine regarding flare-up incidence. However, triple antibiotic paste reduced the level of post-operative pain more than ledermix, which was statistically significant. Conclusions: The evidence is still insufficient surrounding the use of triple antibiotic paste; therefore more clinical investigations with high levels of evidence and rigorous methodologies are needed.
Derivation and Performance of Standardized Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test Thresholds for the Detection and Prognosis of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Day James , Patel Preya , Parkes Julie , Rosenberg William 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Noninvasive tests are increasingly used to assess liver fibrosis and determine prognosis but suggested test thresholds vary. We describe the selection of standardized thresholds for the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test for the detection of liver fibrosis and for prognostication in chronic liver disease.

Methods
A Delphi method was used to identify thresholds for the ELF test to predict histological liver fibrosis stages, including cirrhosis, using data derived from 921 patients in the EUROGOLF cohort. These thresholds were then used to determine the prognostic performance of ELF in a subset of 457 patients followed for a mean of 5 years.

Results
The Delphi panel selected sensitivity of 85% for the detection of fibrosis and &gt;95% specificity for cirrhosis. The corresponding thresholds were 7.7, 9.8, and 11.3. Eighty-five percent of patients with mild or worse fibrosis had an ELF score ≥7.7. The sensitivity for cirrhosis of ELF ≥9.8 was 76%. ELF ≥11.3 was 97% specific for cirrhosis. ELF scores show a near-linear relationship with Ishak fibrosis stages. Relative to the &lt;7.7 group, the hazard ratios for a liver-related outcome at 5 years were 21.00 (95% CI, 2.68–164.65) and 71.04 (95% CI, 9.4–536.7) in the 9.8 to &lt;11.3 and ≥11.3 subgroups, respectively.

Conclusion
The selection of standard thresholds for detection and prognosis of liver fibrosis is described and their performance reported. These thresholds should prove useful in both interpreting and explaining test results and when considering the relationship of ELF score to Ishak stage in the context of monitoring.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a 29-Year-Old Man with Pneumocystis jirovecii Respiratory Failure and AIDS
Authors: Hernandez Conte Antonio T. , Ng David , Ramzy Danny , Dilibero Deanna , LaBounty Troy M. , Gaultier Cyril , Behringer Elizabeth C. 
Published: October 2018

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients who have acute respiratory distress syndrome has been generally beneficial. However, because of various concerns, ECMO has rarely been used in patients who have human immunodeficiency virus infection with or without acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
We report our successful use of venovenous ECMO in a 29-year-old man who presented with severe respiratory distress secondary to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia associated with undiagnosed infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. After highly active antiretroviral therapy was begun, acute immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome developed. The patient's respiratory condition deteriorated rapidly; he was placed on venovenous ECMO for 19 days and remained intubated thereafter. After a 65-day hospital stay and inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, he recovered fully. In addition to presenting this case, we review the few previous reports and note the multidisciplinary medical and surgical support necessary to treat similar patients.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Placement for Primary Prevention in 2,346 Patients: Predictors of One-Year Survival
Authors: Merchant Faisal M. , Desai Yaanik , Addish Maher A. , Kelly Kimberly , Casey Mary , Goyal Abhinav , Leon Angel R. , El-Chami Mikhael F. 
Published: October 2018

Guidelines suggest that patients who receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention should be expected to live more than one year after placement. However, tools for validating this prognosis are not sufficiently predictive. We sought to identify definitive predictors of one-year survival after ICD placement.
By reviewing medical records and the Social Security Death Index, we analyzed baseline characteristics and survival outcomes of 3,164 patients who underwent ICD placement at our institution from January 2006 through March 2014.
Survival outcome could be confirmed for 2,346 patients (74%). Of these, 184 (7.8%) died within one year of ICD placement. We noted significant differences in numerous variables between those who lived and died. However, multivariable analysis revealed only 5 independent predictors of earlier death: worse New York Heart Association functional class (hazard ratio [HR]=1.87 per class [95% CI, 1.22–2.87]; P <0.01); lower serum sodium level (HR=0.93 per 1 mEq/L increase [95% CI, 0.88–0.99]; P=0.04); atrial fibrillation (HR=1.81 [95% CI, 1.03–3.21]; P=0.04); chronic lung disease (HR=2.05 [95% CI, 1.20–3.51]; P <0.01), and amiodarone use (HR=10.1 [95% CI, 4.51–22.5]; P <0.01). Using receiver operating characteristic curves, we developed a model with an area under the curve of 0.718 that predicted death at one year after ICD implantation.
Despite significant univariate differences between the ICD recipients who did and did not live beyond one year, we found only moderate predictors of survival. Better tools are needed to predict outcomes when considering ICD placement for primary prevention.
Karakterisasi Molekuler Papaya ringspot virus tipe P pada Tanaman Mentimun di Jawa
Authors: Listihani Listihani , Damayanti Tri Asmira , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Wiyono Suryo 
Published: October 2018

Moleculer Characterization of Papaya ringspot virus type P on Cucumber in JavaInfection of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) on cucumber plants showing mosaic symptom was detected using specific antibody. Further investigation was conducted to determine molecular characters and status of PRSV infecting cucumber in Java. Infection of PRSV was detected from leaf samples collected from the field using dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). Disease frequency caused by PRSV infection reached 81.11%, 95.86%, 91.66%, and 92.3% in East Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and West Java, respectively. Characterization of PRSV isolates was conducted by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers for PRSV-P and PRSV-W, followed by cloning, and DNA sequencing. DNA fragment of 470 bp was successfully amplified using specific primers for PRSV-P from several samples from Nganjuk, Brebes, Kulon Progo, and Subang; but no amplification was achieved using specific primers for PRSV-W. Nucleotide and amino acid analysis showed high homology among PRSV-P isolates from Nganjuk, Brebes, Kulon Progo, and Subang, i.e. 98.6%-99.7% and 99.3%-100%, respectively. This is an indication of a low genetic variation among PRSV-P from Java. Further phylogenetic analysis indicated that PRSV-P isolate cucumber is in the same cluster with PRSV-P isolate papaya from Bali, Indonesia. This is the first report of PRSV-P infecting cucumber in Indonesia.
Perioperative insulin therapy
Authors: Leurcharusmee Prangmalee , Kositratna Guy , Tran De Q. , Schricker Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Surgical patients commonly develop hyperglycemia secondary to the neuroendocrine stress response. Insulin treatment of hyperglycemia is required to overcome the perioperative catabolic state and acute insulin resistance. Besides its metabolic actions on glucose metabolism, insulin also displays nonmetabolic physiological effects. Preoperative glycemic assessment, maintenance of normoglycemia, and avoidance of glucose variability are paramount to optimize surgical outcomes. This review discusses the basic physiology and effects of insulin as well as practical issues pertaining to its management during the perioperative period.
Antimicrobial activity of some novel 2-(2-iodophenylimino)-5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-one derivatives
Authors: Pham Duy Toan , Vo Thi My Huong , Truong Phuong , Ho Phuoc Tinh , Nguyen Manh Quan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Infectious diseases, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, are becoming a serious problem worldwide because of the lack of effective therapeutic agents. Moreover, most antifungal drugs exhibit low efficacy and high toxicity because of the similarity between fungal and human cells. These issues warrant the search for potential new agents.

Objectives
To synthesize potent 2-(2-iodophenylimino)-5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-one derivatives, improve the synthetic process, elucidate their structures, and determine their antimicrobial activity.

Methods
2-Iodoaniline was used as an initial reactant in a 3-step process for the synthesis of 2-(2-iodophenylimino)-5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-one derivatives, including an acylation reaction, a cyclization reaction, and aldol condensation reactions. The structures of the obtained derivatives were investigated and elucidated using spectral methods. Antimicrobial activity toward 5 bacterial strains and 2 fungal strains was determined using Kirby–Bauer and agar dilution methods.

Results
We successfully synthesized 12 novel compounds and elucidated their structures. The derivatives had no antifungal activities. By contrast, they showed remarkable antibacterial activities. Some of them with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤8 μg/mL in both Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Conclusions
A simple and flexible way to synthesize new compounds with a thiazolidin-4-one ring was determined. Some of these new compounds have outstanding effects with low MICs for bacteria. Their further investigation as therapeutic agents is warranted.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoantibodies in a patient with Plasmodium falciparum infection: report of a rare case and review of the literature
Authors: Chamnanchanunt Supat , Thungthong Pravinwan , Kudsood Sirvicha , Somwong Waraporn , Hirunmassuwan Manassamon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Anemia is a common problem among patients with malaria infection, which induces hemolysis during treatment. A few patients present with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and autoantibodies, such as autoanti-E and autoanti-I, during malaria infection.

Objective
To report the clinical response of a patient with Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection with a hemolytic condition.

Methods
We reviewed medical records of a patient with P. falciparum malaria and related literature.

Results
Our patient presented with P. falciparum malaria infection and received artesunate and ceftriaxone to cover potential tropical infectious diseases. After malaria parasite was eradicated, her hemoglobin declined, and AIHA and autoantibodies were found, explaining the cause of anemia. Corticosteroid was given at a standard dosage, and her hemoglobin became normal within 1 week.

Conclusion
Patients with falciparum malaria and both AIHA and autoantibody complications are rare. Our patient responded to malaria eradication and corticosteroid treatment. Most cases reported seem to respond to corticosteroid with a variety of recovery times. However, corticosteroids might increase the severity of infection; more clinical data to support a standard regimen to treat properly rare hematologic complications (AIHA and autoantibodies) in malaria patients are warranted.