bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐power short‐duration versus standard radiofrequency ablation: Insights on lesion metrics
Authors: Bourier Felix , Duchateau Josselin , Vlachos Konstantinos , Lam Anna , Martin Claire A. , Takigawa Masateru , Kitamura Takeshi , Frontera Antonio , Cheniti Ghassen , Pambrun Thomas , Klotz Nicolas , Denis Arnaud , Derval Nicolas , Cochet Hubert , Sacher Frédéric , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jais Pierre 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionRadiofrequency (RF) lesion metrics are influenced by underlying parameters like RF power, duration, and contact force (CF), and utilization of lesion metric indices (ablation index [AI]) is a proposed strategy to predict lesion quality. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of underlying parameters on lesion metrics of high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) and standard RF applications using an in silico and ex vivo model.Methods and ResultsAn in silico simulation study was designed to simulate HPSD and standard ablations, in which ablation parameters could systematically be varied. For each simulated ablation process (n = 5732), the corresponding AI value was calculated. HPSD and standard RF settings were then applied in a porcine ex vivo model (
n = 120 lesions). The resulting lesion metrics were compared and analyzed regarding underlying parameters. RF applications of 50 W/13 seconds, 60 W/10 seconds, 70 W/7 seconds, and 80 W/6 seconds resulted in lesion volumes not significantly different from standard RF applications (30 W/30 seconds,
P > 0.05). HPSD lesion diameters were significantly larger and lesion depths were significantly smaller (
P < 0.01) when compared with standard settings. Prolonging RF duration from 5 to 10 seconds resulted in a +27.5% increase, whereas a prolongation of RF duration from 35 to 40 seconds resulted in a +4.8% increase of AI value only. An increase of CF from 1 to 10 g resulted in a +73.0%, an increase of CF from 20 to 30 g resulted in a +10.1% increase of AI value.ConclusionHPSD RF applications resulted in similar lesion volumes but significantly different lesion geometries when compared with standard setting RF applications.
Developing a risk score to predict mortality in the first year after implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: Data from the Israeli ICD Registry
Authors: Nevzorov Roman , Goldenberg Ilan , Konstantino Yuval , Golovchiner Gregory , Strasberg Boris , Souleiman Mahmoud , Khalameizer Vladimir , Ben‐Zvi Shlomit , Sela Ron , Rosenheck Shimon , Freedberg Nahum A. , Geist Michael , Cohen Michal Einhorn , Cohen Tal , Shlomo Nir , Gabrielov‐Yusim Natalie , Geva Diklah , Glikson Michael , Haim Moti ,   On behalf of the Israeli working group of pacing and electrophysiology, the Israel Heart Society
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionLife expectancy of less than 1 year is usually a contraindication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. The aim was to identify patients at risk of death during the first year after implantation.Methods and ResultsData were derived from a prospective Israeli ICD Registry. Two groups of patients were compared, those who died and those who were alive 1 year after ICD implantation. Factors associated with 1‐year mortality were identified on a derivation cohort. A risk score was established and validated. A total of 2617 patients have completed 1 year of follow‐up after ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D) implantation. Age greater than 75 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.6 to 4.4), atrial fibrillation (AF; HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.17), chronic lung disease (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.76), anemia (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.93) and chronic renal failure (CRF; HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.74 to 6.6) were independent risk factors for 1‐year mortality. We propose a simple AAACC (“triple A double C”) score for prediction of 1‐year mortality after ICD implantation: Age greater than 75 years (3 points(pts)), anemia (2 pts), AF (1 pt), CRF (3 pts) and chronic lung disease (1 pt). Mortality risk increased with rising number of points (from 1% with 0 pts to 12.5% with >4 pts). The risk score was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve of the validation curve is 0.71 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.76).ConclusionsAge greater than 75, AF, chronic lung disease, anemia, and CRF were independent risk factors for 1‐year mortality. AAACC risk score identifies patients at high risk of death during 1 year after ICD implantation.
Liberal Intergovernmentalism and Its Critics
Authors: Kleine Mareike , Pollack Mark 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis introduction sets the stage for a special issue devoted to evaluating the contribution and continued relevance of Liberal Intergovernmentalism (LI) – a theory first formulated 25 years ago in this journal – in today's politicized and crisis‐ridden European Union (EU). We review the debates prompted by LI's three core claims about national preference formation, intergovernmental bargaining and institutional choice, as well as by the theory's three policy‐relevant corollaries relating to the EU's democratic deficit, its constitutional settlement and its role in the world. Liberal intergovernmentalism, we argue, remains highly relevant in today's EU, offering important insights and serving to structure much of the academic debate about the prospects of the Union in a time of crisis. Nevertheless, a revitalized LI faces the dual challenges of theorizing both the causes and consequences of mass politicization of EU politics, as well as the prospect of endogenous change in the direction of greater integration or disintegration.
Third molars and periodontal damage of second molars in the general population
Authors: Kindler Stefan , Holtfreter Birte , Koppe Thomas , Mksoud Maria , Lucas Christian , Seebauer Christian , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas , Johnson Kimberly , Langner Sönke , Albers Martin , Metelmann Hans‐Robert , Ittermann Till 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to clarify the association between impacted or erupted third molars and periodontal pathology, assessed by probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL), in adjacent second molars.Materials and MethodsData from the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) was used. This is the first project with whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐MRI) application in a general population setting with dental issues. Calibrated and licensed dentists measured PD and CAL with a periodontal probe.ResultsIn the mandible, individuals with erupted third molars had a 1.45‐fold higher odds ratio (CI:1.03; 2.05; p = 0.031) and individuals with impacted third molars had a 2.37‐fold higher odds ratio (CI:1.45; 3.85; p < 0.001) to have higher PD values in the adjacent distal site of second molar than individuals with missing third molars in the total population. These significant associations were even more pronounced in the population free of periodontitis disease. In participants with periodontitis in the maxilla, there was an association of erupted third molars with an increased PD of adjacent molars.ConclusionIn particular, in the mandible, those findings could guide dental practitioners more in the direction to remove the third molars after having evaluated the periodontium of the adjacent teeth.
Assessment of energy expenditure using doubly labeled water, physical activity by accelerometer and reported dietary intake in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes: A preliminary study
Authors: Yoshimura Eiichi , Ohkawara Kazunori , Ishikawa‐Takata Kazuko , Yamada Satoru , Tokui Mikiya , Funae Osamu , Takimoto Hidemi , Katsukawa Fuminori 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the total energy expenditure, physical activity and dietary intake of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and control participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus who were matched for age and body mass index. The participants in the present study were 12 well‐controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 10 controls, aged 40–75 years, with a body mass index <30 kg/m2. Total energy expenditure under free‐living conditions was assessed using the doubly labeled water method, and physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Dietary intake was assessed using a self‐recorded food intake diary during the measurement period. Participants were instructed to record their dietary intake over 3 days, including 2 weekdays. Total energy expenditure was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.153), nor were energy (P = 0.969) or macronutrient intakes. In conclusion, when age and body mass index are matched, total energy expenditure and self‐reported energy intake are not significantly different between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls.
The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat ichthyophthiriasis
Authors: Alavinia Seyed Jalil , Mirzargar Seyed Saeed , Rahmati‐Holasoo Hooman , Mousavi Hosseinali Ebrahimzadeh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe in vitro antiparasitic effect of polyphenol tannic acid (TA) on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts and tomonts was evaluated. In vitro antiparasitic assays revealed that TA in a dose‐ and time‐dependent pattern through the damage of parasite plasma membrane could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis theronts at concentrations of 8 and 11 ppm during all the exposure times (45–270 min). The tomonts proliferation was completely inhibited by penetrating TA (at least 15 ppm for 22‐hr exposure) into encysted tomont across the cyst wall. However, 10 ppm TA could result in a ninefold decrease in the population of live tomonts compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although at theront concentrations of over 6,000 per zebrafish (Danio rerio), a 100% prevalence of ichthyophthiriasis during a 5‐day exposure was recorded, results of in vivo tests showed that the parasite that pretreated up to 10 ppm TA for 70 min had not any capability to infect the studied zebrafish population. The acute toxicity (96 hr‐LC50) of TA for zebrafish was 19.51 ppm. Thus, TA can be considered as a natural therapeutant to safely and efficiently improve the health of aquatic systems by controlling ichthyophthiriasis.
Z‐Guggulsterone attenuates astrocytes‐mediated neuroinflammation after ischemia by inhibiting toll‐like receptor 4 pathway
Authors: Liu Tianlong , Liu Minna , Zhang Tiejun , Liu Wenxing , Xu Hang , Mu Fei , Ren Danjun , Jia Na , Li Zhengjun , Ding Yi , Wen Aidong , Li Yuwen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInflammatory damage plays a pivotal role in ischemic stroke pathogenesis and may represent one of the therapeutic targets. Z‐Guggulsterone (Z‐GS), an active component derived from myrrh, has been used to treat various diseases. The traditional uses suggest that myrrh is a good candidate for anti‐inflammatory damage. This study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Z‐GS following cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the exact mechanisms behind them. Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and in vitro astrocytes oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) model were adopted to simulate ischemic stroke. Z‐GS (30 or 60 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion, while astrocytes were maintained in 30 or 60 μM Z‐GS before OGD treatment. The results indicated that Z‐GS significantly alleviated neurological deficits, infarct volume and histopathological damage in vivo, and increased the astrocytes viability in vitro. Moreover, the treatment of Z‐GS inhibited the astrocytes activation and down‐regulated the mRNA levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the activated TLR4‐NF‐κB signaling pathways induced by MCAO or OGD were significantly suppressed by Z‐GS treatment, which was achieved via inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK. Our results demonstrated that Z‐GS exerted neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory properties through preventing activation of TLR4‐mediated pathway in the activated astrocytes after ischemia injury. Therefore, Z‐GS could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Short vs. Standard Laser‐Microgrooved Implants Supporting Single and Splinted Crowns: A Prospective Study with 3 Years Follow‐Up
Authors: Guarnieri Renzo , Di Nardo Dario , Gaimari Gianfranco , Miccoli Gabriele , Testarelli Luca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to compare survival rates, marginal bone loss (MBL), and peri‐implant soft tissue parameters between short and standard laser‐microgrooved implants supporting single or splinted crowns 3 years after loading.Materials and Methods30 subjects received 1 short ( and 1 standard length ( laser‐microgrooved implant in adjacent sites of the premolar and molar regions of the mandible or maxilla. Peri‐implant soft tissue parameters and intraoral radiographs were recorded at the delivery of definitive crowns (baseline) and 3 years later. Cumulative survival rate (CSR) and marginal bone loss (MBL) in relation to crown/implant (C/I) ratio, implant length, location, type of antagonist, and type of prosthetic design (single or splinted), were evaluated.ResultsCSR of short implants was 98%, compared to 100% for standard implants, without significant statistical difference. MBL was not significantly different over the observation period, with an average of 0.23 ± 0.6 mm and 0.27 ± 0.3 mm for short and standard implants, respectively. No statistical differences were found between short and standard implants regarding plaque (14.7% vs. 15.7%), number of sites BOP (8.3% vs. 5.9%), probing depth (1.13 ± 0.6 mm vs. 1.04 ± 0.8 mm), and mean mucosal recession (0.18 ± 0.3 mm vs. 0.22 ± 0.3 mm). Analyzing MBL in relation to the C/I ratio, implant length, location, type of antagonist, and type of prosthetic design, no statistically significant differences were found.ConclusionRegardless of C/I ratio, implant length, location, type of antagonist, and type of prosthetic design, short and standard laser‐microgrooved implants had similar survival rates, MBL, and peri‐implant soft tissue conditions over the observation period of 3 years.
Medication error trends and effects of person‐related, environment‐related and communication‐related factors on medication errors in a paediatric hospital
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Cranswick Noel , Newall Fiona , Rosenfeld Ellie , Weiner Carlye , Williams Allison , Wong Ian CK , Borrott Narelle , Lai Jerry , Kinney Sharon 
Published: August 2018

AimThis study aimed to examine reported medication error trends in an Australian paediatric hospital over a 5‐year period and to determine the effects of person‐related, environment‐related and communication‐related factors on the severity of medication outcomes. In particular, the focus was on the influence of changes to a hospital site and structure on the severity of medication errors.MethodsA retrospective clinical audit was undertaken over a 5‐year period of paediatric medication errors submitted to an online voluntary reporting system of an Australian, tertiary, public teaching paediatric hospital. All medication errors submitted to the online system between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 were included.ResultsA total of 3340 medication errors was reported, which corresponded to 0.56% medication errors per combined admissions and presentations or 5.73 medication errors per 1000 bed days. The most common patient outcomes related to errors requiring monitoring or an intervention to ensure no harm occurred (n = 1631, 48.8%). A new hospital site and structure had 0.354 reduced odds of producing medication errors causing possible or probable harm (95% confidence interval 0.298–0.421, P < 0.0001). Patient and family involvement had 1.270 increased odds of identifying medication errors associated with possible or probable harm compared with those causing no harm (95% confidence interval 1.028–1.568, P = 0.027). Interrupted time series analyses showed that moving to a new hospital site and structure was associated with a reduction in reported medication errors.ConclusionEncouraging child and family involvement, facilitating hospital redesign and improving communication could help to reduce the harm associated with medication errors.
What exposures in early life are risk factors for childhood obesity?
Authors: Mihrshahi Seema , Baur Louise A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobally, estimates show that 41 million children younger than 5 years of age are affected by overweight and obesity. In many regions of the world, these prevalence rates have increased dramatically, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries, making childhood obesity a global policy issue. Recent data show that many children are already affected by overweight or obesity by the time they start school; hence, the examination of early exposures, with interventions around these exposures, is warranted. In this review, we outline the main modifiable exposures in early life that can lead to an increased risk of obesity. These exposures can be broadly categorised into parental factors such as obesity and gestational diabetes; dietary exposures in early life, including breastfeeding and complementary feeding and feeding behaviours; physical activity, sedentary behaviours and sleep; and environmental exposures such as maternal exposure to tobacco. We also identify research gaps and opportunities for further research.
Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of inclusion complex of biochanin A with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Nikolic Ivana Lj , Savic Ivan M , Popsavin Mirjana M , Rakic Srdjan J , Mihajilov-Krstev Tatjana M , Ristic Ivan S , Eric Suzana P , Savić-Gajic Ivana M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
An inclusion complex of biochanin A (BCA) with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared in the ethanol solution to improve its water solubility.

Methods
Using the FTIR, 1H-NMR, XRD, DSC and SEM methods, the structural characterization of the prepared complex was analysed.

Key findings
The phase-solubility study has shown that the solubility of BCA was increased twofold in 42% (v/v) ethanol solution after complexation with HP-β-CD. The complex between BCA and HP-β-CD was prepared in the molar ratio of 1 : 1. The antibacterial activity of the inclusion complex was investigated against the various bacteria, fungus and yeast using the microdilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentration values for the analysed strain of bacteria were in the range of 0.84–1.69 mg/cm3, whereby the prepared inclusion complex exhibited less effect on the reduction of the number of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species compared to pure BCA. The inclusion complex of BCA was significantly more active against Candida albicans than pure BCA. Biochanin A and its inclusion complex has not expressed the activity against Aspergillus niger.

Conclusions
Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the antimicrobial activity of BCA was remained unchanged after complexation.
Peri‐pharyngeal muscle response to inspiratory loading: comparison of patients with OSA and healthy subjects
Authors: Oliven Ron , Cohen Guy , Somri Mostafa , Schwartz Alan R. , Oliven Arie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUpper airway patency to airflow and the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea involve a complex interplay between pharyngeal anatomy and synergic co‐activation of peri‐pharyngeal muscles. In previous studies we observed large differences in the response to sleep‐associated flow limitation between the genioglossus and other (non‐GG) peri‐pharyngeal muscles. We hypothesized that similar differences are present also during wakefulness. In the present study we compared the response to inspiratory loading of the genioglossus electromyogram and four other peri‐pharyngeal muscles. Studies were performed in eight obstructive sleep apnea patients, seven age‐matched healthy subjects and five additional younger subjects. Electromyogram activity was evaluated over a range of negative oesophageal pressures and expressed as % of maximal electromyograms. In healthy subjects, the slope response to inspiratory loading (electromyogram/pressures) was similar for the genioglossus and non‐GG muscles studied. However, the electromyogram responses were significantly higher in the young subjects compared with older subjects. In contrast, in the obstructive sleep apnea patients, the electromyogram/pressure response of the non‐GG muscles was similar to that of the age‐matched healthy subjects, whereas the slope response of the genioglossus electromyogram was significantly higher than non‐GG muscles. We conclude that both age and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea affect the response of peri‐pharyngeal muscles to inspiratory loading. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea the genioglossus seems to compensate for mechanical disadvantages, but non‐GG muscles apparently are not included in this neuromuscular compensatory mechanism. Our current and previous findings suggest that attempts to improve obstructive sleep apnea with myofunctional therapy should put added emphasis on the training of non‐GG muscles.
How dangerous is a Drosera? Limb autotomy increases passive predation risk in crickets
Authors: Cross A. T. , Bateman P. W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAutotomy, the voluntary shedding of body parts, is a strategy employed by many organisms to evade predation and escape entanglement. Although this strategy may allow an individual to survive one threat encounter it can come at significant cost, with studies indicating that autotomized individuals exhibit reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to active predators. However, little is known about the interplay between autotomy state and passive predation risk. We explored this interaction experimentally using prey of different size and autotomy state (laboratory‐raised crickets) exposed to a sessile predator (the carnivorous plant Drosera collina). Data indicated a strong relationship between capture likelihood and autotomy state, with capture likelihood increasing from 6% in intact crickets (those retaining both hind legs) to 31% in single autotomized and 44% in double autotomized individuals. A weaker, though still strong, relationship was observed between capture likelihood and prey size, with smaller crickets (7–32 mg) paying a markedly greater cost for limb loss than larger crickets (100–280 mg). Capture likelihood for small crickets after single‐ or double‐autotomy was increased by 56 and 72% respectively compared to intact individuals, while this risk only increased by 2 and 13% respectively for large crickets. Our results further highlight the costs of autotomy to fitness and the long‐term survival of individuals, suggesting not only that this strategy may markedly increase the susceptibility of organisms to future passive predation but also that the cost is higher for earlier ontogenetic stages.
Introduction: The literatures of early modern Ireland
Authors: Connolly Ruth , McAreavey Naomi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis is an introduction to recent scholarship on the literatures of early modern Ireland, focusing mainly on literatures written in the English language. It outlines the key developments in the field over the past twenty years. It summarises the findings of the eleven papers published in the special double issue and it outlines the new approaches and methodologies that those papers propose for early modern Irish literary studies.