bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Systematic Surveys With Historical Data to Model the Distribution of Ornithodoros turicata americanus, a Vector of Epidemiological Concern in North America
Authors: Botero‐Cañola Sebastian , Torhorst Carson , Canino Nicholas , Beati Lorenza , O'Hara Kathleen C. , James Angela M. , Wisely Samantha M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGlobally, vector‐borne diseases are increasing in distribution and frequency, affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Science‐based management and prevention of these diseases requires a sound understanding of the distribution and environmental requirements of the vectors and hosts involved in disease transmission. Integrated Species Distribution Models (ISDM) account for diverse data types through hierarchical modeling and represent a significant advancement in species distribution modeling. We assessed the distribution of the soft tick subspecies Ornithodoros turicata americanus. This tick species is a potential vector of African swine fever virus (ASFV), a pathogen responsible for an ongoing global epizootic that threatens agroindustry worldwide. Given the novelty of this method, we compared the results to a conventional Maxent SDM and validated the results through data partitioning. Our input for the model consisted of systematically collected detection data from 591 sampled field sites and 12 historical species records, as well as four variables describing climatic and soil characteristics. We found that a combination of climatic variables describing seasonality and temperature extremes, along with the amount of sand in the soil, determined the predicted intensity of occurrence of this tick species. When projected in geographic space, this distribution model predicted 62% of Florida as suitable habitat for this tick species. The ISDM presented a higher TSS and AUC than the Maxent conventional model, while sensitivity was similar between both models. Our case example shows the utility of ISDMs in disease ecology studies and highlights the broad range of geographic suitability for this important disease vector. These results provide important foundational information to inform future risk assessment work for tick‐borne relapsing fever surveillance and potential ASF introduction and maintenance in the United States.
Probing Donor Acceptor Interactions of Chalcogenide Supported Fluorophosphonium Ions Using peri‐substituted Acenaphthyl Scaffolds
Authors: Heuermann Isabell , Mostaghimi Farzin , Lork Enno , Mebs Stefan , Hupf Emanuel , Beckmann Jens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fluorination of the peri‐substituted acenaphthyl scaffolds 5‐PhE‐Ace‐6‐PPh2 (1E, E=O, S, Se, Te) using XeF2 afforded the difluorinated products 5‐PhE‐Ace‐6‐PF2Ph2 (2E, E=O, S, Se, Te) and tetrafluorinated products 5‐PhEF2‐Ace‐6‐PF2Ph2 (3E, E=Se, Te) depending on the stoichiometry applied. Fluoride abstraction of 2E using Me3SiOTf gave rise to the chalcogenide supported fluorophosphonium ions [5‐PhE‐Ace‐6‐P(F)Ph2](OTf) (4O and 5E, E=S, Se, Te). The molecular structure of 4O features a tetrahedral P atom, whereas those of the heavier analogues (5E, E=S, Se) contain trigonal bipyramidal P atoms that arise from intramolecular LP(E)→σ*(P−F) interactions.
Effect of Perilla Seeds Pretreatment on the Volatile Profile and Flavor Characteristics of Perilla Oil: Comparison of Oven, Infrared, and Microwave Heating
Authors: Yao Ling , Huang Jianhua , He Hongying , Song Zhihua , Wang Xingguo , Wang Xiaosan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe effects of microwave (MW), infrared (IF), and oven heating (OH) on the volatile profile and flavor of perilla oil were investigated in this study. Physicochemical properties and Maillard reaction products of perilla oil were measured to investigate the potential pathway of flavor formation. Sensory evaluation, combined with headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) and electronic nose (E‐nose) techniques, was employed to determine the categories and contents of volatile compounds in perilla oil. Three heating treatments all effectively increased the content of odor‐active volatile compounds in perilla oil. Samples treated by MW contained higher concentration of heterocyclics, while samples treated using IF and OH contained more aldehydes. The content of (E,E)‐2,4‐heptadienal were highly correlated to P‐AV. The contents of pyrazines and furans were positively correlated with A420nm, particularly 2,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazine, trimethyl‐pyrazine, and 2‐pentylfuran. The content of hexanal and (E)‐2‐hexenal showed a negative correlation with the content of heterocyclic compounds. Consequently, the volatile compounds in perilla oils were generated through three potential mechanisms: lipid oxidation, the Maillard reaction, and their synergistic effect.
Scandium‐Catalyzed Fischer Indole Synthesis: A Highly Efficient Construction of Complicated Indoles
Authors: Thorat Vijaykumar H. , Chao Hao‐Yu , Yang Po‐Han , Hsieh Jen‐Chieh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient scandium‐catalytic reaction protocol for the classical Fischer indole synthesis, which can tolerate a wide variety of polycyclic substrates and allow us to easily construct complex indole structures in high yields for most cases. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the reaction efficacy, we also synthesized two quinazolinone‐containing natural alkaloids, their analog, as well as an anticancer indenoindolone compound.
Ribes khorasanicum: A Potent Antioxidant Against Organ Toxicity by Effect on the NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Shafei Mohammad Naser , Shabab Sadegh , Entezari Heravi Nazanin , Mohebbati Reza 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAcetaminophen (APAP) is a well‐known drug that, in high doses, induces hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This study has investigated the preventive effect of the extract and fractions of Ribes khorasanicum on APAP‐induced liver and kidney damage. In this experiment, after analysis of the extract using FTIR, toxicity was induced by APAP on the 7th day. Before that, the extract and their aqueous, ethyl acetate, and n‐hexane fractions were administrated orally. 24 h after APAP administration, the animals were sacrificed. The liver and kidney were removed for the evaluation of oxidation and biochemical markers, including SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, albumin, urea, creatinine, and bilirubin and also for histopathological evaluations. The safety of the extract was evaluated based on the MTT. Also, expression of the NF‐kB is done. Administration of Ribes khorasanicum significantly decreased the biochemical parameters compared to the APAP. Oxidative parameters, as well as histopathological changes in preventive groups, were improved compared to the APAP in both tissues. The results showed that the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the extract had a better effect than the whole extract and n‐hexane fraction against APAP toxicity.
Causes of death among patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A population‐based study in the Netherlands, 1996–2020
Authors: van der Straten Lina , Levin Mark‐David , Dinnessen Manette A. W. , Visser Otto , Posthuma Eduardus F. M. , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Langerak Anton W. , Kater Arnon P. , Dinmohamed Avinash G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) manifests heterogeneously with varying outcomes. This population‐based study examined causes of death (CODs), as registered by the physician who established the death, among 20,588 CLL patients diagnosed in the Netherlands between 1996 and 2020. Utilizing cause‐specific flexible parametric survival models, we estimated cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and cumulative incidences of death due to CLL, solid malignancies, other hematological malignancies, infections, and other causes. Our findings reveal CLL as the predominant COD, contributing to around 40% of relative mortality, with a declining 5‐year death probability from 16.8% in 1996–2002 to 7.6% in 2010–2020. Also, deaths attributed to solid malignancies, other hematological malignancies, and other COD diminished over time, as evidenced by respective HRs (95% confidence interval) of 0.68 (0.60%–0.77%), 0.45 (0.38%–0.53%), and 0.77 (0.66%–0.90%). In summary, our comprehensive, population‐based analysis underscores a noticeable reduction in CLL‐attributed deaths and other competing causes over the studied period. Nonetheless, CLL is registered as the most prevalent cause of mortality among contemporary diagnosed patients with CLL, emphasizing the continued relevance of CLL‐centric clinical strategies and research.
Understanding COVID‐19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Iranian Pregnant Women: Insights From a Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Fathnezhad‐Kazemi Azita , Hadipour Lila , Pirami Raziyeh , Khazaeian Somayyeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDespite significant advancements in COVID‐19 vaccine research and development, hesitancy in its acceptance, particularly among pregnant women, is recognized as a health threat. Based on the Health Belief Model, this study aimed to identify the factors influencing vaccine nonacceptance among pregnant women in the cities of Zahedan and Tabriz, Iran.MethodsThe present research was a multicenter cross‐sectional study conducted among pregnant women in two Iranian provinces, Zahedan and Tabriz, covering both high and low fertility regions. The study was conducted from February 2022 to August 2022. The sample size comprised 650 pregnant women attending selected healthcare centers. Data collection tools included questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, awareness, vaccine acceptance, and health beliefs related to vaccination. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical methods, including Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Independent t‐test, and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 650 pregnant women, the vaccine acceptance rate was 47.4% and 52.6% of pregnant women reported vaccine nonacceptance during pregnancy. The logistic regression model indicated that the odds of vaccine acceptance increase with maternal employment (OR = 11.53, 95% CI: 4.81–27.63), higher maternal education levels (OR = 6.97, 95% CI: 3.11–15.63), higher income (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.07–2.55), and increased awareness levels (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.52). Additionally, the odds of vaccine acceptance increase with increased perceived susceptibility (OR = 2.55, 95% CI: 0.47–3.76), increased perceived benefits (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.06–4.61), increased perceived barriers (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18–1.12), and increased cues to action (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03–3.92).ConclusionOur study underscores the multifaceted nature of COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women, with socioeconomic, awareness‐related, and psychological factors all playing pivotal roles. These findings can inform targeted interventions and strategies aimed at increasing vaccine acceptance in this vulnerable population, ultimately contributing to enhanced maternal and fetal health during the ongoing pandemic.
Early Versus Delayed Usage of Paxlovid in Severe Omicron‐Infected Patients With Hypoxemia: A Prospective Multiple‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yu‐Ji , Ma Xi‐Yan , Wei Xiao‐Ying , Zhang Meng‐Lan , Su Nan , Jiang Jun‐Hong , Xu Guo‐Peng , Wang Ran , Zeng Da‐Xiong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsEarly stage administration of Paxlovid has been shown to improve the prognosis of mild to moderate COVID‐19 patients with high risk. However, few evidence was validated in severe COVID‐19 patients with hypoxemia. It is also unclear whether delayed usage of Paxlovid affected prognosis in COVID‐19 patients or not.MethodsIn this multiple‐centers prospective study, we collected the clinical data in hospitalized severe adult Omicron infection patients with hypoxemia. All patients were divided into two groups according to the time of Paxlovid usage after the symptom onset: early group (Paxlovid administration in 5 days after symptom onset) and delayed group (Paxlovid administration beyond 5 days after symptom onset). The 28‐day composite outcomes were evaluated.ResultsTotally 198 hospitalized severe omicron‐infected subjects with hypoxemia were enrolled. There was no difference between the two groups about the baseline characteristics and laboratory parameters, except for leukocytes (5.29 × 109 vs. 7.90 × 109/L, p = 0.01) and albumin levels (35 vs. 31 g/L, p = 0.04). The 28‐day composite outcomes in early group were slightly lower than that in delayed group but with no difference (12.8% vs. 16.67%, p = 0.602). The viral clearance ratio at Day 7 after Paxlovid treatment in early group was higher than that in delayed group (79.48% vs. 58.33%, p = 0.029). The medium hospitalized duration in early group was shorter than that in delayed group (11.31 vs. 15.32 days, p = 0.005). Logistic analysis showed the independent risk factors of prognosis including underlying diseases ≥ 3 kinds (ORR = 1.72), d‐dimer ≥ 2.0 μg/mL (ORR = 1.35), and MODS (ORR = 14.01).ConclusionsIn Omicron‐infected subjects with hypoxemia, early usage of Paxlovid received benefits in hospitalized time and viral clearance, but delayed usage did not result in a worse composite prognosis. This result might provide direct evidence of antiviral strategy in severe Omicron infection subjects with hypoxemia.
A Retrospective Analysis of Universal Health Insurance Policy‐Making Process in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Javad , Heidari Alireza , Lotfi Mansoureh , Khatirnamani Zahra , Golpira Reza 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsUniversal Health Insurance (UHI) coverage began in 2014, after the implementation Health Transformation Plan (HTP) to reduce out‐of‐pocket payments and improve access to health services in Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO). The purpose of this study was to analyze the UHI policy‐making process in Iran.MethodsThis study was performed using Walt and Gilson's (1994) policy triangle framework and Kingdon's multiple streams model. Data were collected through document review, in‐depth individual interviews (constituting 17 policymakers and top, middle, and operational level managers), and one round‐table discussion (constituting 10 top managers and senior policymakers). The majority of the participants were MD and MPH (47.07%). Document review data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Interviews and discussions were analyzed using framework analysis.ResultsThe high‐level documents of Iran emphasize the need for insurance coverage. The commitment of the new government to enforce the laws, concurrent implementation of the UHI and the HTP, the new government's approach to enforcing civil rights, and media pressure to speed up the implementation process. UHI was initiated in 2014 and about 11 million people across the country were covered by free health insurance but the budget did not change in proportion to the increase in insured population, and increased IHIO's debt to contracting centers.ConclusionsTo achieve continuity and effectiveness of UHI in Iran, all stakeholders should be involved. Political will and commitment and sustainable financing are needed for it.
Nipah Virus Outbreaks in Kerala: An Impending Doom?
Authors: Sanker Vivek , Vellekkat Faheem , Dave Tirth 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe resurgence of Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India, represents a significant public health challenge. This paper aims to explore ongoing challenges associated with NiV transmission, focusing on environmental factors, healthcare responses, and shifts in clinical manifestations. We also highlight the critical need for proactive management strategies to prevent future outbreaks, given the virus's zoonotic nature and evolving transmission dynamics.MethodsA search was conducted using keywords such as “Nipah virus,” “Kerala,” and “bats” in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and trusted news sources. Articles and reports were selected based on their relevance to NiV transmission, clinical presentation, and containment efforts, particularly concerning recent outbreaks in Kerala.ResultsRecent outbreaks have shown atypical respiratory presentations, complicating early detection and increasing the importance of healthcare containment. The virus's clustering within specific regions and the emergence of a new genotype underscore the need for enhanced surveillance.ConclusionThe frequent NIV outbreaks in Kerala demand a multifaceted approach to prevention. Early detection systems, public awareness campaigns, and rigorous environmental management are essential. Collaborative efforts between government and public health entities are paramount to mitigate the impact of this deadly virus. Continuous research is imperative to safeguard public health.
Numerical Investigation of Pyramid Solar Stills with PCM‐Nanoparticles and Absorber Fins: Enhanced Thermal Performance for Sustainable Water Desalination
Authors: Abed Angham Fadil , Alshukri Mohammed J. , Alsayah Ahmed Mohsin , Rasheed Rassol Hamed , Khaled Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn arid regions facing challenges of limited access to potable water and electricity, solar desalination stands out as a promising solution for producing clean water from brackish sources. This research intends to examine and enhance an innovative and sustainable solar desalination system. A computational study is conducted on a pyramid solar still (PSS) combined with a phase‐change material incorporated with nanoparticles, with a variety of absorber fins. The study investigates three configurations: a traditional pyramid–shaped solar still, one with square absorber fins, and another with circular fins. Paraffin wax mixed with Al2O3 nanoparticles is used beneath the absorber fins. Conservation equations are solved using COMSOL Multiphysics. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that the incorporation of finned absorbers, coupled with elevated water temperatures, significantly enhances the yield of the improved PSS compared with its conventional counterpart. The square‐finned absorber PSS exhibits a substantial increase in total accumulated productivity over the conventional design. Moreover, the PSS with square‐finned absorbers demonstrates an impressive average peak daily thermal efficiency improvement of 49.19% compared with a conventional solar still. This study highlights the effectiveness of the modified PSS as a superior option for household water generation.
Immunogenicity of two‐dose sinopharm BBIB‐CorV vaccine in Morocco: One‐year follow‐up and neutralizing activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants of concern
Authors: Ouarab Maha , Bouaiti Elarbi , Rhazzar Zineb , El Annaz Hicham , kochri Safae el , Hemlali Mouhssine , Ghammaz Hamza , Nyabi Omar , Bakkouri Karim el , Touil Nadia , Elouennass Mostafa , Belayachi Lamiae , Gala Jean Luc , Ennibi Khalid , El Fahime Elmostafa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a two‐dose Sinopharm BBIB‐CorV (Vero cells) vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2, at 28 days, 6 months, and 1‐year postvaccination. And assess the capacity of two‐dose vaccine recipients to neutralize SARS‐CoV‐2 strains B.1 (Wuhan/D614G), B.1.1.7 (Alpha), AY.33 (Delta), or BA.5.2.2 (Omicron) variants of concern (VOCs).MethodsA prospective matched case–control cohort study was conducted at the Military Hospital of Rabat, Morocco between February 2021 and 2022. Immunogenicity was evaluated by standard Microneutralization (MN) assay against four variants (Wuhan D614G, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron).ResultsThe overall positive neutralizing rates for vaccine recipients against B.1 D614G were 72.09%, 74.82%, and 75.19% on 28‐, 180‐, 365‐ day respectively. The proportion of NAbs targeting the Wuhan D614G, and Alpha variants under the BBIBP‐CorV vaccination was high on Day 28‐ and 6 months postvaccination.ConclusionThe immunogenic response to the newly emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs), such as Delta and Omicron was comparatively reduced. As a result, it is recommended that additional boost vaccinations be considered.
Feasibility Study of Label‐Free Raman Spectroscopy for Parathyroid Gland Identification
Authors: Wang Hao , Guo Sisi , Zhang Ruoyu , Yao Jing , Tian Wen , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe aim to evaluate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for parathyroid gland (PG) identification during thyroidectomy. Using a novel side‐viewing handheld Raman probe, a total of 324 Raman spectra of four tissue types (i.e., thyroid, lymph node, PG, and lipid) commonly encountered during thyroidectomy were rapidly (< 3 s) acquired from 80 tissue sites (thyroid [n = 10], lymph node [n = 10], PG [n = 40], lipid [n = 20]) of 10 euthanized Wistar rats. Two partial least‐squares (PLS)‐discriminant analysis (DA) detection models were developed, differentiating the lipid and nonlipid (i.e., thyroid, lymph node, and PG) tissues with an accuracy of 100%, and PG, lymph node, and thyroid could be detected with an accuracy of 98.4%, 93.9%, and 95.4% respectively. This work demonstrates the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy technique for PG identification and protection during thyroidectomy at the molecular level.
Patient and public involvement in HIV research: a mapping review and development of an online evidence map
Authors: Jackson‐Perry David , Cart‐Richter Ellen , Haerry David , Ahmeti Lindrit , Bieri Annatina , Calmy Alexandra , Ballif Marie , Pasin Chloé , Notter Julia , Amstutz Alain ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study Young Researchers’ Group, and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence indicates the benefits of patient and public involvement (PPI) in medical research, and PPI is increasingly expected by funders and publishers. We conducted a mapping review of studies reporting examples of PPI implementation in HIV research, and developed an online evidence map to guide HIV researchers.MethodsWe systematically searched Medline and Embase up until 18 August 2024, including search terms with variations for PPI and HIV. We extracted information from identified studies in duplicate and analysed the data descriptively and qualitatively to describe types of PPI models and reported benefits, challenges, and mitigation strategies. This study was co‐initiated and co‐led by people living with HIV.ResultsWe identified 17 studies reporting PPI in HIV research between 1992 and August 2024. Most PPI examples informed prospective clinical studies, but also qualitative research, questionnaire development, research priority setting and surveys. Ten studies described the number and characteristics of PPI members involved. We observed four PPI models, from a model that solely engaged PPI members for a specific task to a model whereby PPI representatives were integrated into the study team with decision‐making authority. Benefits reported included wider dissemination of research results, better understanding of research material and results, and higher levels of trust and learning between researcher and communities. The most commonly reported challenges were the lack of specific resources for PPI, differing levels of knowledge and expertise, concern about HIV status disclosure, and lack of diversity of the PPI team. Uneven power dynamics, tensions, and differing expectations between stake‐holder groups were also frequently noted.ConclusionsThis mapping review summarizes published examples of PPI in HIV research for various phases of research. There is a clear need to strengthen the reporting on PPI processes in HIV research, for example by following the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP) 2 guidelines, and developing guidance on its hands‐on implementation. We embedded PPI from study inception onwards, which potentially pre‐empted some of the challenges reported in the reviewed examples. The resulting online evidence map is a starting point to guide researchers on integrating PPI into their own research.