May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension
Authors: Beaney Thomas , Burrell Louise M , Castillo Rafael R , Charchar Fadi J , Cro Suzie , Damasceno Albertino , Kruger Ruan , Nilsson Peter M , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Ramirez Agustin J , Schlaich Markus P , Schutte Aletta E , Tomaszewski Maciej , Touyz Rhian , Wang Ji-Guang , Weber Michael A , Poulter Neil R ,   the MMM Investigators, Burazeri Genc , Qirjako Gentiana , Roshi Enver , Cunashi Rudina , Fernandes Mario J C C , Victória Pereira Savarino S , Neto Marisa F M P , Oliveira Pombalino N M , Feijão Ana C G , Cerniello Yamila , Marin Marcos J , Garcia Vasquez Fortunato , Espeche Walter G , Stisman Diego , Fuentes Inés A , Zilberman Juith M , Rodriguez Pablo , Babinyan Kamsar Yu , Engibaryan Anna H , Avagyan Avag M , Minasyan Arsen A , Gevorkyan Ani T , Carnagarin Revathy , Carrington Melinda J , Sharman James E , Lee Rebecca , Perl Sabine , Niederl Ella , Malik Fazila-Tun-Nesa , Choudhury Sohel R , Al Mamun Mohammad A , Ishraquzzaman Mir , Anthony Fiona , Connell Kenneth , De Backer Tine L M , Krzesinski Jea , Houenassi Martin D , Houehanou Corine Y , Sokolovic Sekib , Bahtijarevic Rankica , Tiro Mary B , Mosepele Mosepele , Masupe Tiny K , Barroso Weimar S , Gomes Marco A M , Feitosa Audes D M , Brandão Andrea A , Miranda Roberto D , Azevedo Vanda M A A , Dias Luis M , Garcia Glenda D N , Martins Idiana P P , Dzudie Anastase , Kingue Samuel , Djomou Florent A N , Njume Epie , Khan Nadia , Lanas Fernando T , Garcia Maria S , Paccot Melanie F , Torres Pamela I , Li Yan , Liu Min , Xu Liying , Li Li , Chen Xin , Deng Junping , Zhao Wenwu , Fu Lingjuan , Zhou Yi , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Otero Johanna , Camacho Paul A , Accini Jose L , Sanchez Gregorio , Arcos Edgar , M’Buyamba-Kabangu Jean-René , Katamba Fortunat K , Ngoyi Georges N , Buila Nathan M , Bayauli Pascal M , Ellenga Mbolla Bertrand F , Bakekolo Paterne R , Kouala Landa Christian M , Kimbally Kaky Gisele S , Kramoh Euloge K , Ngoran Yves N K , Olsen Michael H , Valdez Valoy Laura , Santillan Marcos , Angel Rafael Gonzalez Medina , Peñaherrera Carlos E , Villalba Jose , Ramirez Maria I , Arteaga Fabricio , Delgado Patricia , Beistline Holly , Cappuccio Francesco P , Keitley James , Tay Tricia , Goshu Dejuma Y , Kassie Desalew M , Gebru Sintayehu A , Pathak Atul , Denolle Thierry , Tsinamdzgvrishvili Bezhan , Trapaidze Dali , Sturua Lela , Abesadze Tamar , Grdzelidze Nino , Grabfelder Mark , Krämer Bernhard K , Schmeider Roland E , Twumasi-Ankrah Betty , Tannor Elliot K , Lincoln Mary D , Deku Enoch M , Wyss Quintana Fernando S , Kenerson John , Jean Baptiste Emmanuela D , Saintilmond Wideline W , Barrientos Ana L , Peiger Briggitte , Lagos Ashley R , Forgas Marcelo A , Lee Vivian W Y , Tomlinson Brian W Y , Járai Zoltán , Páll Dénes , More Arun , Maheshwari Anuj , Verma Narsingh , Sharma Meenakshi , Mukherjee Tapan K , Patil Mansi , Pulikkottil Jose Arun , More Arun , Takalkar Anant , Turana Yuda , Widyantoro Bambang , Danny Siska S , Djono Suhar , Handari Saskia D , Tambunan Marihot , Tiksnadi Badai B , Hermiawaty Eka , Tavassoli Elham , Zolfaghari Mahsa , Dolan Eamon , O'Brien Eoin , Borghi Claudio , Ferri Claudio , Torlasco Camilla , Parati Gianfranco , Nwokocha Chukwuemeka R , Nwokocha Magdalene I , Ogola Elijah N , Gitura Bernard M , Barasa Anders L , Barasa Felix A , Wairagu Anne W , Nalwa Wafula Z , Najem Robert N , Abu Alfa Ali K , Fageh Hatem A , Msalam Omar M , Derbi Hawa A , Bettamar Kzaki A , Zakauskiene Urte , Vickiene Alvita , Calmes Jessica , Alkerwi Ala'a , Gantenbein Manon , Ndhlovu Henry L L , Masiye Jones K , Chirwa Maureen L , Nyirenda Nancy M , Dhlamini Tiyezge D , Chia Yook C , Ching Siew M , Devaraj Navin K , Ouane Nouhoum , Fane Tidiani , Kowlessur Sudhir , Ori Bhooshun , Heecharan Jaysing , Alcocer Luis , Chavez Adolfo , Ruiz Griselda , Espinosa Cutberto , Gomez-Alvarez Enrique , Neupane Dinesh , Bhattarai Harikrishna , Ranabhat Kamal , Adhikari Tara B , Koirala Sweta , Toure Ibrahim A , Soumana Kabirou H , Wahab Kolawole W , Omotoso Ayodele B , Sani Mahmoud U , Okubadejo Njideka U , Nadar Sunil K , Al-Riyami Hassan A , Ishaq Mohammad , Memon Feroz , Sidique Sualat , Choudhry Hafeez A , Khan Rasheed A , Ayala Myrian , Maidana Angel J O , Bogado Graciela GG , Ona Deborah I , Atilano Alberto , Granada Carmela , Bartolome Regina , Manese Loudes , Mina Arnold , Dumlao Maria C , Villaruel Mariyln C , Gomez lynn , Jóźwiak Jacek , Małyszko Jolanta , Banach Maciej , Mastej Mirosław , de Carvalho Rodrigues Manuel M , Martins Luis L , Paval Alexandra , Dorobantu Maria , Konradi Alexandra O , Chazova Irina E , Rotar Oxana , Spoares Miryan C , Viegas Deolsanik , Almustafa Bader A , Alshurafa Saleh A , Brady Adrian , Bovet Pascal , Viswanathan Bharathi , Oladapo Olulola O , Russell James W , Brguljan-Hitij Jana , Bozic Nina , Knez Judita , Dolenc Primoz , Hassan Mohammed M , Woodiwiss Angela J , Myburgh Caitlynd , Vally Muhammed , Ruilope Luis M , Molinero Ana , Rodilla Enrique , Gijón-Conde Teresa , Beheiry Hind M , Ali I A , Osman Asma A A , fahal Naiema A W , Osman Hana A , Altahir Fatima , Persson Margaretha , Wuerzner Gregoire , Burkard Thilo , Wang Tzung-Dau , Lin Hung-Ju , Pan Heng-Yu , Chen Wen-Jone , Lin Eric , Mondo Charles K , Ingabire Prossie M , Khomazyuk Tatyana TA , Krotova Viktoriia V-Yu , Negresku Elena , Evstigneeva Olena , Bazargani Nooshin NB , Agrawal Amrish , Bin Belaila Buthaina A , Suhail Aisha M , Muhammed Khalifa O , Shuri Hassan H , Wainford Richard D , Levy Philip D , Boggia José JG , Garré Laura L , Hernandez-Hernandez Rafael , Octavio-Seijas Jose A , Lopez-Rivera Jesus A , Morr Igor , Duin Amanda , Huynh Minh V , Cao Sinh T , Nguyen Viet L , To Muoi , Phan Hung N , Cockroft John , McDonnell Barry , Goma Fastone M , Syatalimi Charity , Chifamba Jephat , Gwini Rudo , Tiburcio Osiris Valdez , Xia Xin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries.

Methods and results
Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension.

Conclusion
May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk.