bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Li‐CO2 Batteries Based on Metal‐Free Carbon Quantum Dot/Holey Graphene Composite Catalysts
Authors: Jin Yachao , Hu Chuangang , Dai Quanbin , Xiao Ying , Lin Yi , Connell John W. , Chen Fuyi , Dai Liming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLi‐CO2 batteries have attracted ever increasing attention due to their high energy and power densities. However, Li2CO3 formed during the discharge process is difficult to decompose, leading to a large charge overpotential and poor cyclability. Thus, high‐performance and low‐cost catalysts that can be integrated into the electrode architecture are urgently needed for the development of practical Li‐CO2 batteries with a low overpotential and long cyclability. Herein, a high‐performance composite catalyst is reported based on carbon quantum dots supported by holey graphene (CQD/hG), which, when used as the cathodic catalyst in a Li‐CO2 battery, can support the fast formation and decomposition of Li2CO3 in organic electrolytes and achieve an overpotential as low as 1.02 V (Li/Li+) at current density of 0.1 A g−1. The discharge capacity of this Li‐CO2 battery is 12300 mAh g−1 under the current density of 0.5 A g−1, showing an excellent long‐term stability with up to 235 cycles even at a high current density of 1 A g−1. The observed superb battery performance is attributable to synergistic effects that the CQD/hG composite architecture provides a high catalytic activity of the defect‐rich CQDs and fast electron/electrolyte transport through the conducting holey graphene sheets.
Biomimetic Nanoemulsions for Oxygen Delivery In Vivo
Authors: Zhuang Jia , Ying Man , Spiekermann Kevin , Holay Maya , Zhang Yue , Chen Fang , Gong Hua , Lee Joo Hee , Gao Weiwei , Fang Ronnie H. , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBlood transfusion is oftentimes required for patients suffering from acute trauma or undergoing surgical procedures in order to help maintain the body's oxygen levels. The continued demand worldwide for blood products is expected to put significant strain on available resources and infrastructure. Unfortunately, efforts to develop viable alternatives to human red blood cells for transfusion are generally unsuccessful. Here, a hybrid natural–synthetic nanodelivery platform that combines the biocompatibility of the natural RBC membrane with the oxygen‐carrying ability of perfluorocarbons is reported. The resulting formulation can be stored long‐term and exhibits a high capacity for oxygen delivery, helping to mitigate the effects of hypoxia in vitro. In an animal model of hemorrhagic shock, mice are resuscitated at an efficacy comparable to whole blood infusion. By leveraging the advantageous properties of its constituent parts, this biomimetic oxygen delivery system may have the potential to address a critical need in the clinic.
Diboron‐Assisted Interfacial Defect Control Strategy for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tu Yongguang , Yang Xiaoyu , Su Rui , Luo Deying , Cao Yang , Zhao Lichen , Liu Tanghao , Yang Wenqiang , Zhang Yifei , Xu Zhaojian , Liu Quanzhen , Wu Jihuai , Gong Qihuang , Mo Fanyang , Zhu Rui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal halide perovskite films are endowed with the nature of ions and polycrystallinity. Formamidinium iodide (FAI)‐based perovskite films, which include large cations (FA) incorporated into the crystal lattice, are most likely to induce local defects due to the presence of the unreacted FAI species. Here, a diboron‐assisted strategy is demonstrated to control the defects induced by the unreacted FAI both inside the grain boundaries and at the surface regions. The diboron compound (C12H10B2O4) can selectively react with unreacted FAI, leading to reduced defect densities. Nonradiative recombination between a perovskite film and a hole‐extraction layer is mitigated considerably after the introduction of the proposed approach and charge‐carrier extraction is improved as well. A champion power conversion efficiency of 21.11% is therefore obtained with a stabilized power output of 20.83% at the maximum power point for planar perovskite solar cells. The optimized device also delivers negligible hysteresis effect under various scanning conditions. This approach paves a new way for mitigating defects and improving device performance.
Superaerophilic Materials Are Surprising Catalysts: Wettability‐Induced Excellent Hydrogenation Activity under Ambient H2 Pressure
Authors: Li Zhaohua , Cao Changyan , Zhu Zhongpeng , Liu Jian , Song Weiguo , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLiquid hydrogenation reaction is one of the essential reactions in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The low H2 concentration on catalyst surface is a major kinetic limitation for these reactions. In this study, it is proposed and demonstrated for the first time that creating superaerophilic surface is an efficient way to increase H2 concentration on catalyst surface, and thus significantly enhancing the hydrogenation reaction rate in aqueous solution. As a proof of concept, Pd nanoparticles loaded on graphene aerogel (GA) with different degrees of aerophilic/aerophobic surfaces (denoted as Pd/GA, Pd/NGA‐2, and Pd/NGA‐4, respectively) are prepared and tested for hydrogenation reactions. Pd/GA with superaerophilic property (H2 bursting time within 92 ms) shows the highest catalytic reaction rate in all tested reactions under the same conditions, including hydrogenation of styrene, nitro, and aldehyde compounds. The hydrogenation of aldehyde compounds with Pd/GA at ambient H2 pressure is even comparable to those of Pd/NGA‐4 and commercial Pd/C with superaerophobic property at 6 bar H2 pressure. Such strategy is expected to find wide applications in many other catalytic reactions involving gases, and may lead to revolutionary change in fine chemical industry.
Composites based on HDPE, jute fiber, wood, and thermoplastic starch in tubular pultrusion die: The correlation between mechanical performance and microstructure
Authors: Hedayati Velis Hamed , Golzar Mohammad , Yousefzade Omid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study on pultrusion of tube‐shaped composites. Green tube‐shaped composites based on jute/thermoplastic starch, jute/HDPE, and jute/HDPE/wood flour were prepared. Jute fibers were impregnated in thermoplastic extrusion process, and a round prepreg was produced in a hot die. The impregnated jute fibers were entered into pultrusion die, and tube‐shaped composites were fabricated. Properties of final samples were investigated by tensile measurement and void faction. It was found that tensile strength of jute/HDPE was higher than jute/starch. It seems that the melt viscosity of polymer plays as an important role determining the mechanical performances. In addition, tensile strength increases with increasing volume fraction of fiber in the composites. Morphological study showed that in jute/starch sample, impregnation was not done perfectly and tubular cross section has inhomogeneity.
Influence of the conductive network creation on electrical, rheological, and mechanical properties of composites based onLDPEandEVAmatrices
Authors: Mysiukiewicz Olga , Gospodarek Bartosz , Ławniczak Paweł , Sterzyński Tomasz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrically conductive polymeric composites are more and more popular as an object of scientific research and as a material applied in different branches of electric, electronic, and heating industry. Complex knowledge of their properties and behavior is needed to take full advantage of the application of these materials. This study focuses on the relationship between the polymeric matrix properties and the process of creating the conductive network within a composite. Two types of composites, based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA), filled with 10–20 wt% of conductive carbon black, have been prepared. Resulting composite samples have been subjected to different tests, including uniaxial drawing test, rotational rheology, and dielectric spectroscopy in order to evaluate the relationship between their composition and properties. It has been observed that creation of the filler network is easier in case of more linear and polarEVAmatrix, whereas electrical and rheological percolation threshold values are higher in the case of the composites containing branchedLDPEmatrices. Therefore, it can be concluded that the process of creation of conductive filler network and the pattern of changes of mechanical, rheological, and electrical properties are vastly influenced by the inherent properties of the polymeric matrix, that is, its branching level and polarity.
A Synergistic Na‐Mn‐O Composite Cathodes for High‐Capacity Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Xuanpeng , Wang Chenyang , Han Kang , Niu Chaojiang , Meng Jiashen , Hu Ping , Xu Xiaoming , Wang Zhaoyang , Li Qi , Han Chunhua , Huang Yunhui , Mai Liqiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSearching for new‐type cathodes to enhance the capacity of Na‐ion batteries is one of the hot spots in energy storage systems. Many sodium insertion transition metal oxides, i.e., Na‐Mn‐O compounds, are intensively studied owing to their high voltage, abundant resources, and low toxicity. However, its relatively low capacity greatly limits its application. Here, a new synergistic composite, 0.44Na4Mn2O5•0.56Na0.7MnO2, is developed by a feasible method of organic‐acid‐assisted drying and heat treatment. This synergistic composite cathode delivers a reversible sodium storage capacity as high as 278.0 mAh g−1 and stable framework structure due to the synergistic effect. It is achieved by the synergistic effect of high capacity Na4Mn2O5 with multiple Na+ ions insert/extract sites and stable Na0.7MnO2 with layered structure. Even when tested at a high mass loading of 7.42 mg cm−2, this composite cathode demonstrates stable cycling over 400 cycles for sodium storage. Moreover, when coupled with hard carbon anode, Na‐ion full battery delivers excellent charge/discharge performance with capacity retention of 84.0%, showing great application potential in the large‐scale energy storage field.
Solar Thermionic‐Thermoelectric Generator (ST2G): Concept, Materials Engineering, and Prototype Demonstration
Authors: Trucchi Daniele Maria , Bellucci Alessandro , Girolami Marco , Calvani Paolo , Cappelli Emilia , Orlando Stefano , Polini Riccardo , Silvestroni Laura , Sciti Diletta , Kribus Abraham 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe thermionic‐thermoelectric solid‐state technology, characterized by solar‐to‐electric conversion efficiency feasibly >40%, is comprehensively proposed and discussed for conversion of concentrating solar power. For the first time, the related solar generator prototype is designed and fabricated by developing advanced materials functionalized for the specific application, such as thermally resistant hafnium carbide‐based radiation absorbers, surface‐textured at the nanoscale to obtain a solar absorptance >90%, and chemical vapor deposition diamond films, acting as low‐work‐function (2.06 eV) thermionic emitters. Commercial thermoelectric generators and encapsulation vacuum components complete the prototype. The conversion efficiency is here evaluated under outdoor concentrated sunlight, demonstrating thermionic stage output power of 130 mW at 756 °C, combined to the maximum thermoelectric output power of 290 mW. The related solar‐to‐electric conversion efficiency is found to be 0.4%, but, once the net thermal flux fed to the conversion stages is considered, a thermal‐to‐electric efficiency of 6% is revealed. Factors affecting the performance of the present prototype are analyzed and discussed, as well as a strategy to rapidly overcome limitations, in order to prepare an efficient and highly competitive solid‐state conversion alternative for future concentrating solar plants.
Sulfur‐Rich Polymers with Functional Linkers for High‐Capacity and Fast‐Charging Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kang Haneol , Kim Hoon , Park Moon Jeong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPressing challenges facing future lithium batteries include the realization of a high specific capacity, reliable cycle life, fast charging, and improved safety. Herein, cutting‐edge lithium–sulfur batteries based on sulfur‐rich polymers that demonstrate a high discharge capacity of 1346 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, a record‐high rate performance of 833 mAh g−1 at 10C, and long lifetime of 500 cycles with a low capacity decay of 0.052% per cycle are reported. These are realized via the linker‐controlled mass synthesis of sulfur‐rich polymers with the possible tuning of charge transfer properties and effective suppression of the polysulfide‐shuttle via chemical interactions. In particular, the use of tetra(allyloxy)‐1,4‐benzoquinone linker enables the conductivity enhancement by a factor of 450 and lithium diffusion kinetics improvement by two orders of magnitude during redox reactions, compared with elemental sulfur cathodes. This work overcomes fundamental limitations of organosulfur cathode materials, and could pave the way for the development of next‐generation lithium batteries.
Highlights of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in definition, prognosis, and advancement
Authors: Lou Hongfei , Zhang Nan , Bachert Claus , Zhang Luo 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundTissue eosinophils are characteristic of inflammation in most but not all patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and may be useful for defining subgroups and making treatment choices. However, no consistent diagnostic criteria for CRSwNP with eosinophilic inflammation have been established.MethodsRelated literature review was performed and current developments in the diagnosis of eosinophilic CRSwNP were summarized. Details in histopathology, definition of tissue eosinophilia, eosinophil as an indicator of disease recurrence, eosinophilic shift, and related biomarkers in CRSwNP are included in this review article.ResultsMucosal eosinophilia exhibits significant geographic and ethnic differences and may increase over time. Tissue eosinophilia can be defined using a cutoff value based on reference values from healthy mucosa, but typical disease‐specific values should also be employed to increase sensitivity and specificity for clinical use. Recent developments highlight the diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic CRSwNP based on cluster analysis, which were also associated with clinical outcomes. Additionally, some promising eosinophil‐relevant biomarkers, such as eosinophilic cation protein and interleukin 5 (IL‐5), may be clinically applied as diagnostic or predictive tools for CRSwNP in the future.ConclusionSinonasal tissue eosinophilia is present in a majority of CRSwNP patients but is currently more common in the West than in the East. Cutoff values of eosinophils as the diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic CRSwNP are subject to change with geographic and ethnic differences over time. It will be important to identify validated eosinophil‐related biomarkers in different continents/countries for future research and for the introduction of precision medicine.
KCTD7 deficiency defines a distinct neurodegenerative disorder with a conserved autophagy‐lysosome defect
Authors: Metz Kyle A. , Teng Xinchen , Coppens Isabelle , Lamb Heather M. , Wagner Bart E. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Chen Xianghui , Zhang Yu , Kim Hee Jong , Meadow Michael E. , Wang Tim Sen , Haberlandt Edda D. , Anderson Glenn W. , Leshinsky‐Silver Esther , Bi Weimin , Markello Thomas C. , Pratt Marsha , Makhseed Nawal , Garnica Adolfo , Danylchuk Noelle R. , Burrow Thomas A. , Jayakar Parul , McKnight Dianalee , Agadi Satish , Gbedawo Hatha , Stanley Christine , Alber Michael , Prehl Isabelle , Peariso Katrina , Ong Min Tsui , Mordekar Santosh R. , Parker Michael J. , Crooks Daniel , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Berry Gerard T. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Yang Yaping , Maegawa Gustavo H. B. , Aouacheria Abdel , Markle Janet G. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Hartman Adam L. , Hardwick J. Marie 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveSeveral small case series identified KCTD7 mutations in patients with a rare autosomal recessive disorder designated progressive myoclonic epilepsy (EPM3) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN14). Despite the name KCTD (potassium channel tetramerization domain), KCTD protein family members lack predicted channel domains. We sought to translate insight gained from yeast studies to uncover disease mechanisms associated with deficiencies in KCTD7 of unknown function.MethodsNovel KCTD7 variants in new and published patients were assessed for disease causality using genetic analyses, cell‐based functional assays of patient fibroblasts and knockout yeast, and electron microscopy of patient samples.ResultsPatients with KCTD7 mutations can exhibit movement disorders or developmental regression before seizure onset, and are distinguished from similar disorders by an earlier age of onset. Although most published KCTD7 patient variants were excluded from a genome sequence database of normal human variations, most newly identified patient variants are present in this database, potentially challenging disease causality. However, genetic analysis and impaired biochemical interactions with cullin 3 support a causal role for patient KCTD7 variants, suggesting deleterious alleles of KCTD7 and other rare disease variants may be underestimated. Both patient‐derived fibroblasts and yeast lacking Whi2 with sequence similarity to KCTD7 have impaired autophagy consistent with brain pathology.InterpretationBiallelic KCTD7 mutations define a neurodegenerative disorder with lipofuscin and lipid droplet accumulation but without defining features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis or lysosomal storage disorders. KCTD7 deficiency appears to cause an underlying autophagy‐lysosome defect conserved in yeast, thereby assigning a biological role for KCTD7. Ann Neurol 2018;84:774–788
Visible‐Light‐Driven, Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp3)−H Alkylation of Glycine and Peptides
Authors: Wang Chao , Guo Mengzhun , Qi Rupeng , Shang Qinyu , Liu Qiang , Wang Shan , Zhao Long , Wang Rui , Xu Zhaoqing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite a well‐developed and growing body of work in Cu catalysis, the potential of Cu to serve as a photocatalyst remains underexplored. Reported herein is the first example of visible‐light‐induced Cu‐catalyzed decarboxylative C(sp3)−H alkylation of glycine for preparing α‐alkylated unnatural α‐amino acids. It merits mentioning that the mild conditions and the good functional‐group tolerance allow the modification of peptides using this method. The mechanistic studies revealed that a radical–radical coupling pathway is involved in the reaction.
Constructing Universal Ionic Sieves via Alignment of Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Tang Mi , Zhu Shaolong , Zhang Jidong , Wu Yanchao , Chen Yuan , Xia Cong , Wang Chengliang , Hu Wenping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe shuttle effect of electrode materials always leads to capacity loss and poor cycle life of batteries. Two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with uniform and controllable nanopores provide a promising strategy for fabricating ionic sieves to inhibit the shuttle effect. However, the insoluble nature of COFs made it difficult to fabricate compact and ordered membranes of COFs. Herein, we report a novel method for facilely anisotropic ordering of 2D COFs via depositing COFs onto graphene. The resulted double‐layer membranes acting as ionic sieves impressively inhibit the shuttle effect and exhibit versatility to both organic sodium‐ion batteries and Li‐S batteries, leading to high cyclability.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Difunctionalization of β‐Fluoroalkyl α,β‐Enones: A Direct Approach to β‐Amino α‐Diazo Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Wang Huamin , Zhang Li , Tu Youshao , Xiang Ruiqi , Guo Yin‐Long , Zhang Junliang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn efficient and practical phosphine‐catalyzed vicinal difunctionalization of β‐fluoroalkyl α,β‐enones with TMSN3 has been developed. Using dppb as the catalyst, the reaction worked efficiently to yield various β‐amino α‐diazocarbonyl compounds in high yields (up to 94 %). This work marks the first efficient construction of α‐diazocarbonyl compounds by phosphine catalysis. Meanwhile, the asymmetric variant induced by the nucleophilic bifunctional phosphine P4 led to various chiral fluoroalkylated β‐amino α‐diazocarbonyl compounds in high yields and enantioselectivity. NMR and ESI‐MS studies support the existence of the key reaction intermediates. In contrast, β‐azide carbonyl compounds would be furnished in good yields from β‐fluoroalkylated β,β‐disubstituted enones.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Arylcarbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Incorporation of Bulky Aryl Groups at Room Temperature
Authors: Li Xiang , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular arylcarbonylation of unactivated alkenes has been developed. Unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts (DAISs) were used as arylation reagents, the bulky aryl group (ArL) of which was exclusively incorporated into the arylcarbonylated products, which contained the ArL group and a carboxylic ester group at the α‐ and β‐carbon position, respectively, of the original terminal C−C double bond. The reaction features excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivity, high functional‐group tolerance, and very mild reaction conditions.
Diversity‐Oriented Construction and Interconversion of Multicavity Supermacrocycles for Cooperative Anion–π Binding
Authors: Luo Jian , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang Qi‐Qiang , Wang De‐Xian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA one‐pot strategy for the diverse construction of a series of supermacrocycles was realized using rationally designed macrocyclic precursors. The base was found to have a significant effect not only on the size distribution but also on the structure of the supermacrocycles formed. While the use of less CsF (<4.0 equiv) afforded regular supermacrocycles containing up to four macrocyclic precursor subunits, the use of more CsF (>8.0 equiv) resulted in structurally reorganized supermacrocyles featuring oxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine motifs. Base‐mediated supermacrocycle‐to‐supermacrocycle transformations were also revealed. With large cavities and many electron‐deficient triazine moieties, the supermacrocyles can accommodate large organic anions via multiple anion–π interactions as demonstrated for two supermacrocycles, which can host 2‐carboxyacetate and represent the first crystallographic examples of sandwich‐like structures with anion–π interactions.
Binuclear diphenyltin(IV)dithiocarbamate complexes bearing functionalized linkers: Synthesis, spectral characterization, DFT and in vitro anticancer activity
Authors: Pillai Vineeta , Patel Shailykumari K. , Buch Lipi , Singh Vinay K. 
Published: October 2018

A new series of diphenyltin(IV)dithiocarbamate complexes of the type [(Ph2Sn)2‐μ2‐bis{(κ2S,S‐S2CN(R)CH2CONHC6H4)2SO2}] {R = Cy (1), iPr (2), nBu (3)} and [(Ph2Sn)2‐μ2‐bis{(κ2S,S‐S2CN(R)CH2CONH)2C6H4}] {R = Cy (4), iPr (5)} has been efficiently synthesized and characterized by the relevant spectroscopic (1H, 13C, 1H DOSY, 119Sn NMR, ESI MS, UV–visible absorption, IR) and thermogravimetric methods. Density functional theory level calculations have been carried out to reinforce the experimental data. Compounds have been screened for their in vitro anticancer ability against a malignant human tumor HepG2 (hepatoma) cell line by MTT assay. Remarkably, the anticancer activities of binuclear organotin(IV)dithiocarbamate complexes 1–5 are evidently boosted as high as 22‐fold in 1 (3.32 ± 0.14 μM), 44‐fold in 2 (1.77 ± 0.11 μM), 37‐fold in 3 (2.02 ± 0.47 μM), 8 fold in 4 (8.72 ± 0.19 μM) and 29‐fold in 5 (2.60 ± 0.67 μM), compared with the reference drug cisplatin (75.67 ± 0.51 μM). Morphological proofs like shrinking of cells specifies the induction of apoptosis as part of the mechanism of action of these compounds, which is further reinforced by the individual staining of the cells by acridine orange/ethidium bromide.