bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant placement in the esthetic area: criteria for positioning single and multiple implants
Authors: Testori Tiziano , Weinstein Tommaso , Scutellà Fabio , Wang Hom‐Lay , Zucchelli Giovanni 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPatient expectations from implant treatment have changed over the years and esthetics plays an important role in defining what is now called success of rehabilitation. Of the many factors that influence the outcome of the rehabilitation, the two main ones are the bone and soft‐tissue deficiencies at the intended implant site. Many surgical approaches are described in terms of timing of implant placement and management of regenerative procedures. The aim of this article is to discuss the different implant placement alternatives in the esthetic area, in particular: (i) the timing of implant placement/regenerative procedures/skeletal growth/altered passive eruption; (ii) the correct three‐dimensional position of the fixture between the cuspids and in the premolar area; (iii) multiple missing teeth in the esthetic area with single tooth/pontic or cantilevered options/prosthetic compensation; (iv) placement of implants into infected sites; and (v) the influence of abutment and crown morphology on implant position. Combining our long‐standing clinical experience and the pertinent literature, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Immediate implant placement can be a successful procedure in terms of esthetics but it is technique sensitive and requires an experienced team.
Immediate placement is less traumatic to the patient as fewer surgical procedures are involved and patients tend to prefer this clinical approach with regards to quality of life.
The diagnostic phase is of utmost importance, with not only bone and soft tissue deficiencies being addressed but also: skeletal growth, dental/implant soft tissue parameters such as altered passive eruption and the morphology of the roots adjacent to the edentulous area.
Post‐extraction immediate loading is feasible in infected sites.
The correct position of the fixture should follow widely accepted guidelines but the abutment morphologies play a role in the vestibular/palatal position of the implant.
The long axis of the implant, aiming at the incisal edge of the future restorations, is the most appropriate implant position when a shoulder‐less abutment is used and allows a restorative crown morphology with a cervical contour resembling a natural tooth.
The use of a shoulder‐less abutment gives more space for the tissue to grow compared with the traditional abutment with shoulder finish line.
The use of larvae or recruits in coral restoration initiatives: Symbiodinium acquisition does not differ between coral life stages in the wild
Authors: Quigley Kate M. , Torda Gergely , Bay Line K. 
Published: February 2018

Active restoration initiatives are increasingly considered in natural resource management. Laboratory‐reared coral larvae and recruits have been proposed for stock production but it is unknown if their use impacts subsequent symbiosis once transplanted to the reef. We exposed laboratory and field settled aposymbiotic recruits (recently settled <1 month) to Symbiodinium in the wild, then analyzed the acquired communities using ITS‐2 sequencing. There was no significant difference between treatments based on overall community and diversity metrics, or differential abundance of individual taxa. These results suggest that early acquisition is analogous and thus supports the use of either life‐stage as an option for reef restoration.
Avian response to shade‐layer restoration in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico
Authors: Irizarry Amarilys D. , Collazo Jaime A. , Pacifici Krishna , Reich Brian J. , Battle Kathryn E. 
Published: February 2018

Documenting the evolving processes associated with habitat restoration and how long it takes to detect avian demographic responses is crucial to evaluate the success of restoration initiatives and to identify ways to improve their effectiveness. The importance of this endeavor prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to evaluate their sun‐to‐shade coffee restoration program in Puerto Rico initiated in 2003. We quantified the responses of 12 resident avian species using estimates of local occupancy and extinction probabilities based on surveys conducted in 2015–2017 at 65 restored farms grouped according to time‐since‐initial‐restoration (TSIR): new (2011–2014), intermediate (2007–2010), and old (2003–2006). We also surveyed 40 forest sites, which served as reference sites. Vegetation complexity increased with TSIR, ranging between 35 and 40% forest cover in farms 6–9 years TSIR. Forest specialists (e.g. Loxigilla portoricencis) exhibited highest average occupancy in farms initially classified as intermediate (6–9 years) and old (>10 years), paralleling occupancy in secondary forests. Occupancy of open‐habitat specialists (e.g. Tiaris olivaceus) was more variable, but higher in recently restored farms. Restoring the shade layer has the potential to heighten ecological services derived from forest specialists (e.g. frugivores) without losing the services of many open‐habitat specialists (e.g. insectivores). Annual local extinction probability for forest specialists decreased with increasing habitat complexity, strengthening the potential value of shade restoration as a tool to enhance habitat for avifauna that evolved in forested landscapes.
Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status: Correlation with the severity of sepsis
Authors: Kumar S. , Gupta E. , Kaushik S. , Kumar Srivastava V. , Mehta S. , Jyoti A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSepsis is a condition caused by infection followed by unregulated inflammatory response which may lead to the organ dysfunction. During such condition, over‐production of oxidants is one of the factors which contribute cellular toxicity and ultimately organ failure and mortality. Antioxidants having free radicals scavenging activity exert protective role in various diseases. This study has been designed to evaluate the levels of oxidative and antioxidative activity in sepsis patients and their correlation with the severity of the sepsis. A total of 100 sepsis patients and 50 healthy controls subjects were enrolled in this study from the period October 2016 to June 2017. The investigation included measurements of oxidative enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT) and cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐8 and IFN‐γ). Furthermore, the level of these activities was correlated with severity of sepsis. Augmented levels of oxidants were found in sepsis as demonstrated by DMPO nitrone adduct formation and plasma MPO level activity (1.37 ± 0.51 in sepsis vs 0.405 ± 0.16 in control subjects). Cytokines were also found to be increased in sepsis patients. However, plasma SOD and CAT activities were significantly attenuated (P < .001) in the sepsis patients compared with controls subjects. Moreover, inverse relation between antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and organ failure assessment (SOFA), physiological score (APACHE II), organ toxicity specific markers have been observed as demonstrated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. This study suggests that imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant plays key role in the severity of sepsis.
In vivo characterization of pustules in Malassezia Folliculitis by reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. A case series study
Authors: Andersen A. J. B. , Fuchs C. , Ardigo M. , Haedersdal M. , Mogensen M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and objectiveMalassezia Folliculitis (MaF) is an inflammatory condition of hair follicles caused by Malassezia yeast. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are imaging technologies enabling in vivo visualization of superficial skin layers. This study explores morphology of pustules in MaF imaged by OCT and RCM.MethodsPatients with microscopically verified MaF were included in this case series. Morphology was evaluated qualitatively with RCM and OCT, focusing on shape, border and content of selected pustules.ResultsNine patients with MaF were included. Clinically, six patients presented monomorphic MaF with multiple superficial pustules, while three patients showed more polymorph MaF appearance. In total 13 pustules were investigated by RCM and OCT. In RCM images, pustules varied from having a well‐defined border with homogenous content to ill‐defined borders with heterogeneous content. A distinct black halo was occasionally observed around pustules as were dilated vessels. In OCT images, pustules appeared polymorphic, showing both well‐ and ill‐defined structures with oval or irregular shape and more or less homogenous content. Malassezia fungi were not discernible by either RCM or OCT. Specific morphological image features in RCM and OCT did not reflect different clinical manifestations of MaF.ConclusionRCM and OCT images identify morphological aspects of MaF pustules, and confirm that MaF is a folliculitis with clinical as well as morphological variance.
Plasma temperature during methylene blue/light treatment influences virus inactivation capacity and product quality
Authors: Gravemann U. , Handke W. , Sumian C. , Alvarez I. , Reichenberg S. , Müller T. H. , Seltsam A. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundPhotodynamic treatment using methylene blue (MB) and visible light is in routine use for pathogen inactivation of human plasma in different countries. Ambient and product temperature conditions for human plasma during production may vary between production sites. The influence of different temperature conditions on virus inactivation capacity and plasma quality of the THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma procedure was investigated in this study.MethodsPlasma units equilibrated to 5 ± 2°C, room temperature (22 ± 2°C) or 30 ± 2°C were treated with MB/light and comparatively assessed for the inactivation capacity for three different viruses, concentrations of MB and its photoproducts, activity of various plasma coagulation factors and clotting time.ResultsReduced solubility of the MB pill was observed at 5 ± 2°C. Photocatalytic degradation of MB increased with increasing temperature, and the greatest formation of photoproducts (mainly azure B) occurred at 30 ± 2°C. Inactivation of suid herpesvirus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and vesicular stomatitis virus was significantly lower at 5 ± 2°C than at higher temperatures. MB/light treatment affected clotting times and the activity of almost all investigated plasma proteins. Factor VIII (−17·7 ± 8·3%, 22 ± 2°C) and fibrinogen (−14·4 ± 16·4%, 22 ± 2°C) showed the highest decreases in activity. Increasing plasma temperatures resulted in greater changes in clotting time and higher losses of plasma coagulation factor activity.ConclusionsTemperature conditions for THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma treatment must be carefully controlled to assure uniform quality of pathogen‐reduced plasma in routine production. Inactivation of cooled plasma is not recommended.
Using chemical seed dormancy breakers with herbicides for weed management in soyabean and wheat
Authors: Das T K , Das D K 
Published: February 2018

SummaryVariable dormancies result in periodicity in the germination of weeds and make weed control a repetitive practice. Under some conditions, repeated applications of selective herbicides can lead to the dominance of perennial weeds likeCyperus rotundus. Our hypothesis was that applying a chemical dormancy breaker (DB)plusherbicide mixture would better control a mixture of weed species. Three experiments were designed to develop a cost‐effectiveDBtreatment and to evaluate its dose with herbicides tank‐mixtures for effective weed management.KNO3and gibberellic acidGA3as dormancy breakers offered comparable effects, butKNO3was more economical thanGA3.KNO3at a 6% concentration was more effective in promoting weed germination than a 3% concentration in soyabean. A combination ofKNO3(6%) and pre‐emergence pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1 + imazethapyr 0.10 kg a.i. ha−1controlled annual weeds by 99% and reducedC. rotundusgrowth by 83%. This treatment gave significantly higher soyabean yield and net returns. Similarly, a tank‐mixture comprising of clodinafop 0.06 kg a.i. ha−1 + metsulfuron 0.006 kga.i. ha−1was more effective against weeds than pre‐emergence tank‐mix application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1 + carfentrazone‐ethyl 0.02 kg a.i. ha−1and isoproturon 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1. The use of pre‐emergence tank‐mixture of pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1 + imazethapyr 0.10 kg a.i. ha−1should exhaust seed/tuber bank if repeated and reduce the application cost of herbicides by 50% and the dose, residue and cost of pendimethalin by 25%.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: February 2018

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 2Mahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineWing-Keung Wong, Asia University, TaiwanRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineSteven V. Cates, Kaplan University, USAMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyY. Saidi, M’sila University, AlgeriaSzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaAaron Morey, University of Melbourne, AustraliaHichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaAli Massoud, Sohag University, EgyptLuca Giordano, CONSOB, ItalyErdal Gumus, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeyMojeed Idowu John Odumeso-Jimoh, Noble Integrated Resources & Management, NigeriaZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USADilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanMohammed Al-Mahish, King Faisal University, Saudi ArabiaAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanProf. Aloysius Ajab AMIN, Institute for Development Solutions, Inc, USAMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkraineKembo Bwana, College of Business Education, TanzaniaHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, Lebanon Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Protein Supplementation During a 6-Month Concurrent Training Program: Effect on Body Composition and Muscular Strength in Sedentary Individuals
Authors: Ormsbee Michael J. , Willingham Brandon D. , Marchant Tasha , Binkley Teresa L. , Specker Bonny L. , Vukovich Matthew D. 
Published: February 2018

We examined the effect of a protein supplement on muscular strength and body composition during 6 months of a 5 days/week concurrent strength and endurance training program. Sedentary males (n = 26) and females (n = 25), 18–25 years, were randomly assigned to receive a protein (PRO, 42 g/serving) or carbohydrate (CON) supplement twice daily. Strength and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed at baseline, 3 (3M), and 6 (6M) months. Protein intake was higher in PRO (PRO: 2.2 g/kg; CON: 1.1 g/kg; p < .001). Females in both groups gained similar strength at 3M and 6M in bench press and hip sled. Males in PRO gained more bench press strength at 3M (PRO: 24.6 ± 3.2 kg; CON: 14.3 ± 3.8 kg; p = .06) and 6M (PRO: 34.4 ± 4.3 kg; CON: 18.7 ± 5.1 kg; p = .03) and hip sled strength at 3M (PRO: 67.7 ± 9.2 kg; CON: 40.8 ± 10.8 kg, p = .07) and 6M (PRO: 94.0 ± 10.6 kg; CON: 65.1 ± 12.4 kg; p = .09) compared with CON. Females in PRO experienced a greater reduction in fat mass over the course of the study (6M) than CON (PRO: −1.7 ± 0.5 kg; CON: 0.1 ± 0.5 kg; p = .06). Changes in lean mass were similar for females in PRO and CON. Loss in fat mass was similar for males in PRO and CON at 3M and 6M. Males in PRO gained more lean mass at 3M compared with CON (PRO: 3.2 ± 0.3 kg; CON: 2.2 ± 0.4 kg; p = .1) but similar gains at 6M (PRO: 2.6 ± 0.4 kg; CON: 2.2 ± 0.5 kg; p = .6). The results of this study demonstrate that PRO used during a concurrent training program may augment positive changes in body composition in young sedentary males and females, and strength gains in males.
Kinetic and Electromyographic Subphase Characteristics With Relation to Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance
Authors: Harry John R. , Paquette Max R. , Schilling Brian K. , Barker Leland A. , James C. Roger , Dufek Janet S. 
Published: February 2018

This study sought to identify kinetic and electromyographic subphase characteristics distinguishing good from poor jumpers during countermovement vertical jumps (CMVJs), as defined by the reactive strength index (RSI, CMVJ displacement divided by jump time; cutoff = 0.46 m·s−1). A total of 15 men (1.8 [0.6] m, 84.5 [8.5] kg, 24 [2] y) were stratified by RSI into good (n = 6; RSI = 0.57 [0.07] m·s−1) and poor (n = 9; RSI = 0.39 [0.06] m·s−1) performance groups. The following variables were compared between groups using independent t tests (α = .05) and Cohen’s d effect sizes (d ≥ 0.8, large): jump height, propulsive impulse, eccentric rate of force development, and jump time, unloading, eccentric, and concentric subphase times, and average electromyographic amplitudes of 8 lower extremity muscles. Compared with the poor RSI group, the good RSI group exhibited a greater, though not statistically different CMVJ displacement (d = 1.07, P = .06). In addition, the good RSI group exhibited a significantly greater propulsive impulse (P = .04, d = 1.27) and a significantly more rapid unloading subphase (P = .04, d = 1.08). No other significant or noteworthy differences were detected. Enhanced RSI appears related to a quicker unloading phase, allowing a greater portion of the total jumping phase to be utilized generating positive net force. Poor jumpers should aim to use unloading strategies that emphasize quickness to enhance RSI during CMVJ.
Aminomethyl Spectinomycins as Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Coinfections
Authors: Butler Michelle M. , Waidyarachchi Samanthi L. , Connolly Kristie L. , Jerse Ann E. , Chai Weirui , Lee Richard E. , Kohlhoff Stephan A. , Shinabarger Dean L. , Bowlin Terry L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBacterial sexually transmitted infections are widespread and common, withNeisseria gonorrhoeae(gonorrhea) andChlamydia trachomatis(chlamydia) being the two most frequent causes. If left untreated, both infections can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and other sequelae. The recommended treatment for gonorrhea is ceftriaxone plus azithromycin (to empirically treat chlamydial coinfections). Antibiotic resistance to all existing therapies has developed in gonorrheal infections. The need for new antibiotics is great, but the pipeline for new drugs is alarmingly small. The aminomethyl spectinomycins, a new class of semisynthetic analogs of the antibiotic spectinomycin, were developed on the basis of a computational analysis of the spectinomycin binding site of the bacterial 30S ribosome and structure-guided synthesis. The compounds display particular potency against common respiratory tract pathogens as well as the sexually transmitted pathogens that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia. Here, we demonstrate thein vitropotencies of several compounds of this class against both bacterial species; the compounds displayed increased potencies againstN. gonorrhoeaecompared to that of spectinomycin and, significantly, demonstrated activity againstC. trachomatisthat is not observed with spectinomycin. Efficacies of the compounds were compared to those of spectinomycin and gentamicin in a murine model of infection caused by ceftriaxone/azithromycin-resistantN. gonorrhoeae; the aminomethyl spectinomycins significantly reduced the colonization load and were as potent as the comparator compounds. In summary, data produced by this study support aminomethyl spectinomycins as a promising replacement for spectinomycin and antibiotics such as ceftriaxone for treating drug-resistant gonorrhea, with the added benefit of treating chlamydial coinfections.
Enterococcus faecalis Demonstrates Pathogenicity through Increased Attachment in anEx VivoPolymicrobial Pulpal Infection
Authors: Nishio Ayre Wayne , Melling Genevieve , Cuveillier Camille , Natarajan Madhan , Roberts Jessica L. , Marsh Lucy L. , Lynch Christopher D. , Maillard Jean-Yves , Denyer Stephen P. , Sloan Alastair J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the host response to a polymicrobial pulpal infection consisting ofStreptococcus anginosusandEnterococcus faecalis, bacteria commonly implicated in dental abscesses and endodontic failure, using a validatedex vivorat tooth model. Tooth slices were inoculated with planktonic cultures ofS. anginosusorE. faecalisalone or in coculture atS. anginosus/E. faecalisratios of 50:50 and 90:10. Attachment was semiquantified by measuring the area covered by fluorescently labeled bacteria. Host response was established by viable histological cell counts, and inflammatory response was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. A significant reduction in cell viability was observed for single and polymicrobial infections, with no significant differences between infection types (∼2,000 cells/mm2for infected pulps compared to ∼4,000 cells/mm2for uninfected pulps).E. faecalisdemonstrated significantly higher levels of attachment (6.5%) thanS. anginosusalone (2.3%) and mixed-species infections (3.4% for 50:50 and 2.3% for 90:10), with a remarkable affinity for the pulpal vasculature. Infections withE. faecalisdemonstrated the greatest increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (47.1-fold forE. faecalis, 14.6-fold forS. anginosus, 60.1-fold for 50:50, and 25.0-fold for 90:10) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression (54.8-fold forE. faecalis, 8.8-fold forS. anginosus, 54.5-fold for 50:50, and 39.9-fold for 90:10) compared to uninfected samples. Immunohistochemistry confirmed this, with the majority of inflammation localized to the pulpal vasculature and odontoblast regions. Interestingly,E. faecalissupernatant and heat-killedE. faecalistreatments were unable to induce the same inflammatory response, suggestingE. faecalispathogenicity in pulpitis is linked to its greater ability to attach to the pulpal vasculature.