bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instantons and infinite distances
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Wiesner Max 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider geodesics of infinite length and with constant 4d dilaton in the (classical) hypermultiplet moduli space of type II Calabi-Yau compactifications. When approaching such infinite distance points, a large amount of D-instantons develop an exponentially suppressed action, substantially modifying the moduli space metric. We consider a particular large volume/strong coupling trajectory for which, in the corrected metric, the path length becomes finite. The instanton effects also modify the cllassical 4d dilaton such that, in order to keep the 4d Planck mass finite, the string scale has to be lowered. Our results can be related, via the c-map, to the physics around points of infinite distance in the vector multiplet moduli space where the Swampland Distance Conjecture and the Emergence Proposal have been discussed, and provide further evidence for them.
E‐cigarette use and sleep‐related complaints among youth
Authors: Riehm Kira E. , Rojo‐Wissar Darlynn M. , Feder Kenneth A. , Mojtabai Ramin , Spira Adam P. , Thrul Johannes , Crum Rosa M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionE‐cigarette use is highly prevalent among adolescents. However, little research has examined the relationship between e‐cigarette use and sleep‐related complaints in this population. The objective of this study was to assess whether exclusive e‐cigarette, exclusive combusted cigarette, and dual‐product use are associated with sleep‐related complaints among adolescents.MethodsParticipants were 9,588 U.S. adolescents from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative cohort, followed from 2013 through 2015. Using logistic regression, we examined the cross‐sectional association between past‐year e‐cigarette, combusted cigarette, or dual‐product use and past‐year sleep‐related complaints (bad dreams, sleeping restlessly, or falling asleep during the day), both measured at Wave 2. We controlled for Wave 1 demographic characteristics, emotional and behavioral health, and prior history of e‐cigarette use, combusted cigarette use, and sleep‐related complaints.ResultsIn unadjusted analyses, e‐cigarette, combusted cigarette, and dual‐product use were significantly associated with greater odds of sleep‐related complaints, compared to use of neither product (e‐cigarettes: OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.34–1.94; combusted cigarettes: OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.26–2.09; dual‐product use: OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.63–2.46). Associations between e‐cigarette and dual‐product use and sleep‐related complaints remained significant in fully adjusted analyses (e‐cigarettes: aOR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.59; dual‐product use: aOR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.24–1.99), whereas associations with combusted cigarette use were significant in all models except the fully adjusted model (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.98–1.71).ConclusionsE‐cigarette and dual‐product use are significantly associated with greater odds of reporting sleep‐related complaints among adolescents. Future research should evaluate whether this association may be causal.
A Sceptic’s Guide to Justice in International Tax Policy
Authors: van Apeldoorn Laurens 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhat, if any, are the moral norms governing the international taxation regime if the sceptic is right to think that considerations of distributive justice do not apply beyond the state? I sketch an answer to this question by examining Tsilly Dagan’s illuminating recent book International Tax Policy: Between Competition and Cooperation. In her work, Dagan identifies the position of Thomas Nagel, an influential global justice sceptic, as predominant among commentators in legal scholarship and policy debates on international taxation. According to Nagel, multilateral cooperation is appropriately conceived as a bargain between mutually self-interested states. In tracing the implications of his position for international tax policy Dagan argues that even a sceptic like Nagel is committed to identifying some considerations of distributive justice beyond the state to ameliorate the harmful effects of tax competition. In response I argue that Dagan is correct to claim that the global justice sceptic is committed to seeing cooperation in international tax policy as constrained by moral norms, but that these norms are what Nagel calls humanitarian duties rather than duties of justice. I establish that Dagan’s argument that Nagel is committed to a duty of justice to promote distributive justice abroad faces some significant obstacles and suggest that Dagan can ground her argument in a humanitarian duty that Nagel does accept. The upshot of the argument is that even if the sceptic is right to think that considerations of distributive justice do not apply beyond the state, multilateral tax cooperation is governed by a duty of states to prevent human rights deficits where they can.
Paper Trails: Fang Yongbin and the Material Culture of Calligraphy
Authors: Kelly Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFang Yongbin’s (1542–1608) cache of paper-based ephemera—733 notes, invoices, and 190 name cards—now held in the Harvard-Yenching library, discloses the multidimensional expertise of the stationery dealer in late Ming China. This article explores how businessmen from Huizhou prefecture turned to the trade in writing materials to improvise with new forms of cultural entrepreneurship in the late sixteenth century. Introducing the diverse contents of the cache, I demonstrate how Fang’s involvement in the sale of desktop tools drew from, and creatively combined literary endeavors, shop-keeping, and artisanal labor. Unsettling discrete conceptions of “scholar,” “merchant,” and “craftsman,” Fang’s career reveals how stationery dealers vied to usurp custodianship over the material culture of calligraphy. The Harvard-Yenching cache registers the increasingly powerful influence exerted over the business of culture by those skilled in the making and marketing of writing materials: largely forgotten salesmen whose services made the art of writing possible in the first place.
MANUFACTURING SOVEREIGNTY AND MANIPULATING HUMANITARIANISM: THE DIPLOMATIC RESOLUTION OF THE MERCENARY REVOLT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, 1967–8
Authors: RICH JEREMY 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn 1967, European and Katangese mercenaries revolted against the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) intervened to try to have the rebels peacefully leave the DRC. Katangese troops who fled to Rwanda with white mercenaries were forced by the Organization of African Unity and the Rwandan government to return to the DRC, where they were eventually executed. White mercenaries, under the protection of the ICRC and Rwanda, ultimately escaped Mobutu's wrath. Congolese and Rwandan leaders skillfully employed the ideal of African sovereignty and humanitarian rhetoric with its Western and African allies to ensure their consolidation of power.
The institution and the city: the impact of hospitals and workhouses on the development of Dublin's north inner city,c. 1773–1911
Authors: Fennelly Katherine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCities develop around industry, markets and transport links. Dublin in the nineteenth century was similar, but additionally the north-west of the city developed around the expansion of a complex of institutional buildings for the reception, confinement and welfare of the poor and sick. This article argues that these institutions were implicit in the development of the modern city in the same way as industry and commerce. The physical development of the buildings altered and defined both the streetscape and, over time, the social identities and historical communities in the locale, in the same way that industrial development defined urban areas.
Ruly and Unruly Passions: Early Modern Perspectives
Authors: Radcliffe Elizabeth S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA survey of theories on the passions and action in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain and western Europe reveals that few, if any, of the major writers held the view that reason in any of its functions executes action without a passion. Even rationalists, like Cambridge Platonist Ralph Cudworth and English clergyman Samuel Clarke, recognized the necessity of passion to action. On the other hand, many of these intellectuals also agreed with French philosophers Jean-François Senault, René Descartes, and Nicolas Malebranche that, for passions to be useful or to become virtues, they must be governed by reason. Without the moderation of reason, passions will be unruly, distort our notions of good, and disrupt our rational volitions. In response to these popular early modern perspectives, Enlightenment thinker David Hume offered a now-famous argument that reason without passion cannot motivate, drawing the further conclusion that reason cannot govern the passions, either. Given that no one in Hume's era seemed to defend the claim that reason alone can motivate action, what was Hume's intention?
Lange vs James on Emotion, Passion, and the Arts
Authors: Livingston Paisley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccording to what is now the standard account in the history of psychology, in the 1880s William James and the Danish physician Carl Georg Lange independently developed a strikingly new theory, commonly referred to as the ‘James–Lange’ theory of emotion. In this paper it is argued that this standard account is highly misleading. Lange's views on affect in his (1885) Om Sindsbevægelser were more cautious than James allowed, and not open to criticisms that have often been levelled against the theory of emotion that James claimed he shared with Lange. In fact, Lange argued for distinctions that James did not mention in his discussion of Lange's work. Even with regard to the primary emotions, the two thinkers’ explanatory models diverged significantly. The contrast between James and Lange on affect is especially striking in their respective discussions of topics in aesthetics, as is established with reference to Lange's little-known (1899) Bidrag til Nydelsernes fysiologi som grundlag for en rationel æstetik.
The Evaluative Content of Emotion
Authors: Greenspan Patricia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe content of emotion sometimes seems to be conflated with its object, but we can distinguish between content and object on the model of Fregean sense versus reference. Fear, for instance, refers to something the subject of fear is afraid of and represents that object of fear as dangerous, so that the emotion can be said to have evaluative content. Here I attempt to clarify and defend my view of emotional discomfort or other affect as what does the evaluating. Some current accounts of the unpleasantness of physical pain take a similar view, but in application to emotion they call for an explanation of how emotional affect can simultaneously evaluate both the affective symptoms of emotion and the emotion's object. I suggest an explanation and indicate how it supports the link between emotional valence and motivational force.
The political economy of immigration and welfare state effort: evidence from Europe
Authors: Fenwick Clare 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores whether immigration plays a role in determining national welfare state effort in 16 European countries. It examines the relationship between stocks of migrants, the foreign-born population, on two different indicators of welfare state effort – social welfare spending as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) and a welfare generosity index. The nexus between immigration and welfare is a controversial and highly sensitive political issue, and as such it typically divides opinion. Traditionally, it has been argued that increases in immigration create pressures for governments to reduce levels of social welfare provision. By building on theories and results from the political economy literature, this article provides further evidence on the debate through using a fresh approach to operationalize welfare state effort. The empirical results show that the foreign-born population has a positive and statistically significant relationship with social welfare spending and no statistically significant association with the welfare generosity index. The findings provide no evidence to support the hypothesis that the higher levels of immigration lead to reduced levels of social welfare provision. On the contrary, these findings lend support to the view that increasing immigration leads to welfare state expansion rather than retrenchment, and that European welfare states remain resilient in the face of the globalization of migration.
Observed Atmospheric and Surface Variability on Heterogeneous Terrain at the Hectometer Scale and Related Advective Transports
Authors: Simó Gemma , Cuxart Joan , Jiménez Maria A. , Martínez‐Villagrasa Daniel , Picos Rodrigo , López‐Grifol Alvaro , Martí Belén 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe values of the atmospheric variables follow from mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. These equations involve gradients which, in heterogeneous terrain, lead to a connection of the values at one point to the values in their nearby surroundings, due to turbulence mixing or advective local transports. In this work the observed variability of the air and soil variables is analyzed for a 1‐km2 surface in a semirural area for a number of weather stations separated typically 150 m. Data show a large variability at the hectometer scale, with several degrees of difference in temperature sustained in time between neighboring points. While in the daytime turbulence contributes to keep the differences moderate, in weak wind nights the spatial variability increases significantly. The variability of soil variables can be large depending on the soil moisture and the vegetation cover and is less sensitive to the diurnal cycle. The inspection of the vertical gradients of temperature and humidity reveals that their sign and intensity, and consequently the corresponding sensible and latent heat fluxes, differ depending on the measuring point. The thermal advection is obtained from the hectometer‐scale network, which is comparable in magnitude to the turbulent fluxes and to the imbalance of the surface energy budget for clear and calm nights. During the day, the advection term may explain part of the energy budget imbalance, particularly when it is computed on a 30‐min time scale. A similar method is applied to the water vapor, finding that in the very dry conditions of the experiment, moisture advection is significant and with values comparable to the evapotranspiration.
Shear Wave Splitting Evidence and Relations With Stress Field and Major Faults From the “Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia Seismic Sequence”
Authors: Pastori M. , Baccheschi P. , Margheriti L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present the largest dataset of anisotropic high‐quality parameters (~12,000) for the Amatrice‐Visso‐Norcia seismic sequence and investigate the physical mechanisms causing crustal anisotropy and its relation with crustal deformation, stress field, fluids, and earthquake generation. We performed shear wave splitting analysis on ~40,000 aftershocks recorded at 31 seismic stations during the first six months of the sequence following the 24 August 2016 Mw 6.0, Amatrice mainshock. Automatic and manual‐revised P‐ and S‐picking and high‐precision locations are used to delineate the fracturing pattern and spatio‐temporal variations in the anisotropic parameters: fast direction polarization (φ) and delay time (δt). The mean φ strikes N146°, parallel to the extensional Quaternary fault systems, and to the NW‐SE local active SHmax as proposed by the extensive dilatancy anisotropy model. Locally, φ directions outline the pattern of microscale and mesoscale structures that we relate to structural‐controlled anisotropy. Temporal variations of anisotropic parameters allowed us to deduce stress‐induced and pervasive fluid‐filled stress‐aligned crack systems as the prevalent anisotropic mechanisms in some sectors. Higher δt (>0.072 s) and higher anisotropy percentage (>1.5–2.0%) are found at the boundaries and in the western side of the activated fault systems, where heavily fractured carbonates are present. The fault network along with the lithological heterogeneities present in the area may act as a structural barrier along which fluids are channeled or trapped, thus causing overpressured fluid zones. Observations of shear‐wave splitting parameters during a seismic sequence can monitor the buildup of stress before earthquakes and the stress release as earthquakes occur.
Early restoration of parvalbumin interneuron activity prevents memory loss and network hyperexcitability in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hijazi Sara , Heistek Tim S. , Scheltens Philip , Neumann Ulf , Shimshek Derya R. , Mansvelder Huibert D. , Smit August B. , van Kesteren Ronald E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeuronal network dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an early symptom in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may provide new entry points for diagnosis and intervention. Here, we show that amyloid-beta-induced hyperexcitability of hippocampal inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons importantly contributes to neuronal network dysfunction and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice, a mouse model of increased amyloidosis. We demonstrate that hippocampal PV interneurons become hyperexcitable at ~16 weeks of age, when no changes are observed yet in the intrinsic properties of pyramidal cells. This hyperexcitable state of PV interneurons coincides with increased inhibitory transmission onto hippocampal pyramidal neurons and deficits in spatial learning and memory. We show that treatment aimed at preventing PV interneurons from becoming hyperexcitable is sufficient to restore PV interneuron properties to wild-type levels, reduce inhibitory input onto pyramidal cells, and rescue memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, we demonstrate that early intervention aimed at restoring PV interneuron activity has long-term beneficial effects on memory and hippocampal network activity, and reduces amyloid plaque deposition, a hallmark of AD pathology. Taken together, these findings suggest that early treatment of PV interneuron hyperactivity might be clinically relevant in preventing memory decline and delaying AD progression.
The Δ133p53β isoform promotes an immunosuppressive environment leading to aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Kazantseva Marina , Mehta Sunali , Eiholzer Ramona A. , Gimenez Gregory , Bowie Sara , Campbell Hamish , Reily-Bell Ashley L. , Roth Imogen , Ray Sankalita , Drummond Catherine J. , Reid Glen , Joruiz Sebastien M. , Wiles Anna , Morrin Helen R. , Reader Karen L. , Hung Noelyn A. , Baird Margaret A. , Slatter Tania L. , Braithwaite Antony W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProstate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, for which there are no reliable biomarkers or targeted therapies. Here we demonstrate that elevated levels of Δ133TP53β isoform characterize prostate cancers with immune cell infiltration, particularly T cells and CD163+ macrophages. These cancers are associated with shorter progression-free survival, Gleason scores ≥ 7, and an immunosuppressive environment defined by a higher proportion of PD-1, PD-L1 and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) positive cells. Consistent with this, RNA-seq of tumours showed enrichment for pathways associated with immune signalling and cell migration. We further show a role for hypoxia and wild-type p53 in upregulating Δ133TP53 levels. Finally, AUC analysis showed that Δ133TP53β expression level alone predicted aggressive disease with 88% accuracy. Our data identify Δ133TP53β as a highly accurate prognostic factor for aggressive prostate cancer.
Chronic cadmium exposure decreases the dependency of MCF7 breast cancer cells on ERα
Authors: Bloomfield Mathew , Louie Maggie C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCadmium is an environmental contaminant that can activate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer. Our lab previously demonstrated that chronic cadmium exposure alters the expression of several ERα-responsive genes and increases the malignancy of breast cancer cells. Although these studies support cadmium’s function as a hormone disrupter, the role of ERα in cadmium-induced breast cancer progression remains unclear. To address this, we modulated the expression of ERα and found that while the loss of ERα significantly impaired cancer cell growth, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth in both MCF7 and MCF7-Cd cells, cadmium-exposed cells retained a significant advantage in cell growth, migration, and invasion, and partially circumvented the loss of ERα. ERα knockout in MCF7 and MCF7-Cd cells significantly reduced the expression of classical ERα-regulated genes, while non-classical ERα-regulated genes were less impacted by the loss of ERα in MCF7-Cd cells. This is the first study to show that chronic cadmium exposure, even at low levels, can increase the malignancy of breast cancer cells by decreasing their dependency on ERα and increasing the adaptability of the cancer cells.
Study on the Visualization of Pigment in Haematococcus pluvialis by Raman Spectroscopy Technique
Authors: Shao Yongni , Gu Weimin , Jiang Linjun , Zhu Yiming , Gong Aiping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs an ideal raw material for the production of astaxanthin, H. pluvialis was drawing attention during the last few years, there are some research topics initiated to find out the synthetic pathway of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. In this study, confocal microscopic Raman technology was utilized to analyze the point-by-point mapping for H. pluvialis, and the visualization of pigment such as carotenoid and astaxanthin content were achieved. By comparing the Raman spectra of H. pluvialis and standard product of astaxanthin, and using the C = C stretching vibration of the Raman intensity as the main indicator for carotenoids, the visual spatial distribution for the carotenoids content was obtained. The MCR-ALS was applied to analyze the Raman data of H. pluvialis, and the information of astaxanthin was extracted to achieve real-time spatial distribution. The visualization of astaxanthin content shows that MCR-ALS is very effective for extracting the information of astaxanthin content from H. pluvialis. By exploring the spatial distribution of carotenoids and astaxanthin contents, analyzing the spatial distribution rules during its growth, Raman spectroscopy technology can be utilized to investigate the internal components of the pigment (ataxanthin, etc.) in H. pluvialis, which make it as an effective methodology to monitor the accumulation and changing mechanism of pigment content in microalgae.