bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-power femtosecond molecular broadening and the effects of ro-vibrational coupling
Authors: Watson Kevin , Saule Tobias , Ivanov Maksym , Schmidt Bruno E. , Rodnova Zhanna , Gibson George , Berrah Nora , Trallero Carlos 
Published: December 2024

Scaling spectral broadening to higher pulse energies and average powers is a critical step in ultrafast science, especially for narrowband Yb-based solid state lasers, which have become the new state-of-the-art. Despite their high nonlinearity, molecular gases as a broadening medium inside hollow-core fibers have been limited to 25 W, at best. We demonstrate spectral broadening in nitrogen at ten-fold average powers up to 250 W with repetition rates from 25 to 200 kHz. The observed ten-fold spectral broadening is stronger compared to the more expensive krypton gas and enables pulse compression from 1.3 ps to 120 fs. We identified an intuitive explanation for the observed average power scaling based on the density of molecular ro-vibrational states of Raman active molecules. To verify this ansatz, the spectral broadening limitations in O2 and N2O are experimentally measured and agree well. On these grounds, we propose a perspective on the role, suitability, and limits of stimulated Raman scattering at high average and peak powers. Finally, high-harmonic generation is demonstrated at 200 kHz. These findings can have strong implications for intense, high-repetition-rate, pulsed ps laser propagation in the atmosphere where the dominant species are N2 and O2.
Burden of scabies in a Ghanaian penitentiary
Authors: Amoako Yaw Ampem , Oppong Michael Ntiamoah , Laryea Dennis Odai , Kyem Gloria , Gyabaah Solomon , Agbanyo Abigail , Agbavor Bernadette , Kotey Nana Konama , Dzathor Irene , Owusu-Antwi Felicia , Asiedu Kingsley , Phillips Richard Odame , Stienstra Ymkje 
Published: December 2024

Background
There is a dearth of information concerning the epidemiology of human scabies in prisons. Therefore, we aimed to assess the burden of scabies and ascertain if prevalence was high enough to warrant mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin in a medium security prison in central Ghana.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in December 2022 and recruited inmates at the Kumasi central prison in Ghana. Medical history and demographic information was collected using a REDCap questionnaire. A standardised skin examination of exposed regions of the body was performed on all participants and scabies was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS).

Results
Of the 559 participants, 19 (3.4%) were female. The median (IQR) age was 36 (33–40) years. There were 368 cases (65.8%) of scabies which was mostly located on the hands, fingers and finger webs. No female inmate had scabies. Scabies severity was predominantly mild (63.3%) or moderate (30.7%). Among males, the median (IQR) number of persons per cell was 115 (56–118) and 7 (7–8) for female prisoners. 79.2% of 96 individuals previously treated in the preceding two months still demonstrated skin manifestations of scabies. Impetigo was found in 12.9% of participants. Seventeen percent of participants with scabies had impetigo compared to 5.8% in individuals without scabies [RR 2.9 (95% CI 1.6–5.5)].

Conclusion
A very high proportion of inmates suffered from scabies in the prison. MDA with ivermectin and health education are needed to reduce the burden of scabies in the prison. Its implementation and effectiveness should be studied.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on fertility behaviour in Indian states: Evidence from the National Family Health Survey (2019/21)
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Ghosh Manoj Kumer , Rahman Md. Moshfiqur 
Published: December 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic affected a broad spectrum of people’s lives very quickly. Although the pandemic could influence people’s fertility behaviours in several ways, there is little knowledge about such influence in diverse socioeconomic and cultural settings. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility behaviours and desires among women in a lower-middle-income country, India.

Data and methods
Our study analyzed cross-sectional data from 13 states and union territories (UTs) in India that were surveyed in pre- and post-lockdown periods by the 2019/21 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The data were analysed using the descriptive analysis technique and the multilevel logit model. All these analyses were performed using the technique developed for complex sample design.

Results
The poverty-stricken states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand and the Odisha state with moderate socioeconomic status experienced a significant decrease in contraceptive use and non-significant changes in the desire for birth and sexual activities after the lockdown. Contraceptive use significantly increased after the lockdown in the rich states of Punjab, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, as well as in the Arunachal Pradesh state with moderate socioeconomic status. The changes in fertility behaviours in Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Odisha may influence fertility positively, while those changes in Punjab, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, and Arunachal Pradesh may influence fertility negatively.

Conclusion
At the aggregate level, there was a significant increase in desire for another child and a decrease in contraceptive use after the lockdown, which may influence fertility positively but can be compensated by reduced sexual activities. The influence of the fertility trends in the states with pro-natalist changes on India’s recent fertility trend could be greater than those with anti-natalist changes, which can be better understood by analyzing reliable data from a couple of years following the 2019/21 NFHS.
Verificação numérica da singularidade do escoamento Newtoniano em uma contração 4:1 por meio da formulação corrente-vorticidade
Authors: Palhares Junior Irineu Lopes , De Andrade Larissa Vitória Ribeiro 
Published: December 2024

Neste estudo é investigado o comportamento assintótico do campo de velocidade e da vorticidade em torno de um canto reentrante. A análise é realizada por meio de simulações numéricas de escoamento Newtoniano em uma contração com razão 4:1, utilizando a formulação corrente-vorticidade. As equações que descrevem esse escoamento foram discretizadas utilizando a técnica de diferenças finitas, e o código numérico foi implementado em linguagem C. A robustez do comportamento assintótico é avaliada sob três condições distintas: variações no número de Reynolds, utilização de geometrias com diferentes comprimentos e comparação dos resultados com os obtidos pela abordagem Marker-And-Cell (MAC). O objetivo principal deste trabalho é validar a previsão do comportamento assintótico próximo à singularidade geométrica e demonstrar a independência desse fenômeno em relação às variações dos parâmetros operacionais e à extensão da geometria da contração. A investigação também aborda a eficácia comparativa das metodologias corrente-vorticidade e MAC, destacando a boa concordância entre as formulações. Os resultados indicam que, embora ambas as abordagens sejam capazes de capturar o comportamento fundamental do escoamento, ainda há diferenças nos pontos mais próximos à singularidade, sugerindo a necessidade de aprimoramentos nos modelos computacionais para simulações de escoamentos com características geométricas complexas.
Progress of material degradation: metals and polymers in deep-sea environments
Authors: Hao Zhanhui , Zhang Zhijia , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Songsong , Ma Teng , Wei Hao , Wang Guojun , Wang Qiang , Wang Lin , Li Rui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Given the critical need for ocean exploration, improving the durability of materials in the deep-sea has become a paramount concern. The harshness of deep-sea, such as high pressure, variable seawater flow rates, and corrosive media, lead to premature aging and failure. This work examines the utilization of metals and polymer coatings in deep-sea applications, detailing the characteristics of the deep-sea and its influence on these materials. In particular, chloride ions in seawater pose significant hazards to metal corrosion, which is the main reason for metal failure. Then, the degradation process and the latest research advances of various materials in the deep-sea environment are summarized, and the failure mechanism of the metal/coating system in the deep-sea is analyzed. It was found that the failure of polymer coatings can be divided into three processes, and adding an appropriate amount of fillers to the coating (such as adding 0.2 % graphene to water-based polyurethane) can extend the service life of the coating. Finally, the development trend of the company in the future is predicted. It has guiding and reference significance for the study of the failure behavior of metals and polymers in the deep-sea environment.
Effect of Computer Simulation Integrated with Jigsaw Learning Strategy on Students’ Attitudes towards Learning Chemistry
Authors: Kekeba Shimelis Kebede , Gure Abera , Olkaba Taklu Tafesse 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of computer simulation integrated with jigsaw learning strategy (CSIJLS) on students’ attitudes towards chemistry. Additionally, it sought to determine whether the usage of CSIJLS resulted in any changes in attitudes between male and female students. Researchers employed a quantitative research method and a quasi-experimental design. The participants consisted of three classes, with a total of 144 students aged above 18, assigned to two experimental groups and one comparison group. The researchers collected data using a chemistry attitude Likert scale test administered before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were employed to analyse the data. The results of the one-way ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference in attitude between the three groups after the implementation of CSIJLS among the three groups (t(141) = 93.9, p = 0.000 < 0.05), indicating that students taught through CSIJLS performed significantly better than those taught using the jigsaw learning strategy alone and conventional methods in terms of their chemistry attitude post-test results. Additionally, the independent t-test analyses revealed no significant differences in attitudes towards chemistry between male and female students when they learned through CSIJLS.
On k-prime graphs
Authors: Abughneim Omar A. , Abughazaleh Baha’ 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the context of a simple undirected graph

G

G

, a

k

k

-prime labeling refers to assigning distinct integers from the set

{

k
,
k
+
1
,

…

,
∣
V

(

G

)

∣
+
k
−
1

}

\left\{k,k+1,\ldots ,| V\left(G)| +k-1\right\}

to its vertices, such that adjacent vertices in

G

G

are labeled with numbers that are relatively prime to each other. If

G

G

has a

k

k

-prime labeling, we say that

G

G

is a

k

k

-prime graph (k-PG). In this article, we characterize when a graph up to order 6 is a k-PG and characterize when a graph of order 7 is a k-PG whenever

k

k

and

k
+
1

k+1

are not divisible by 5. Also, we find a lower bound for the independence number of a k-PG. Finally, we study when a cycle is a k-PG.
Participant role shifting in minority language institutional interactions: COVID-19 contact tracing telephone calls as complex spaces of linguistic non-understanding
Authors: De Timmerman Romeo , Bafort Anne-Sophie , Vandenbroucke Mieke , Slembrouck Stef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of collecting and disseminating publicly relevant health information from and to lay audiences to combat global health crises. In Flanders, Belgium, reaching linguistic minority groups within this context largely depended on government-mandated contact tracing through telephone interactions, which was initially put in place to contain the level of outbreak, but was gradually tasked with relaying safety measures and other information related to the pandemic. In line with these developments, Flemish contact tracing over the telephone initially supported Belgium’s three national languages, viz. Dutch, French and German, as well as English as a lingua franca. This list was gradually expanded with minority languages including, among others, Turkish, Arabic, Bulgarian and Polish. This article reports on a one-year fundamental research project as part of which we recorded and analyzed telephone contact tracing conversations which were conducted in the minority languages Turkish and Arabic. We specifically analyze these Turkish and Arabic data as spaces of linguistic non-understanding from the perspective of the researcher-fieldworker (van Hest, Ella & Marie Jacobs. 2022. Spaces of linguistic non-understanding in linguistic ethnography (and beyond). In Methodological issues and challenges in researching transculturally, 14–38. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8772518), and aim to uncover their impact on the interactional dynamics in this ‘novel’ institutional activity type. Through a Goffmanian analysis, the study reveals how the inclusion of minority languages in contact tracing practice led to complex shifts in participant roles, as contact tracers balanced their institutional responsibilities with imperatives of patient-centered rapport, cultural mediation, and enabling the data collection on behalf of the researchers. The condition of linguistic non-understanding also underlines how the (potential) presence of an overhearing eavesdropper may have influenced the interactional dynamics between contact tracers and index patients. The paper hence provides insights into the complexities of conducting contact tracing in a multilingual context, while simultaneously shedding light on the implications of linguistic diversity on situated institutional practices.
The crystal structure of bis(selenocyanato-κ1
N)-bis(methanol)-bis((1E,2E)-1,2-bis (1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene)-hydrazine)iron(II) methanol solvate, C34H44FeN10O4Se2
Authors: Li Yue , Hao Liantao , Guo Shibing , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
C34H44FeN10O4Se2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.6523(15) Å, b = 7.6259(3) Å, c = 21.3645(11) Å, β = 117.888(7)°, V = 3838.0(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0336, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0748, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-[1,1′-biindenylidene]-4,4′-diol, C18H16O2
Authors: Hao Yuwei , Ren Zhilin , Bi Jingjing , Wang Haiyan , Chen Qiong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
C18H16O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.6512(4) Å, b = 4.7795(3) Å, c = 22.9999(15) Å, β = 95.385(6)∘, V = 618.48(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0545, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1712, T = 293(2) K.
Max-phase Ti3SiC2 and diverse nanoparticle reinforcements for enhancement of the mechanical, dynamic, and microstructural properties of AA5083 aluminum alloy via FSP
Authors: Almutairi Sahw S. , Mosleh Ahmed O. , Mohamed Samah Samir , Mahmoud Tamer Samir , Moustafa Essam B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of max-phase Ti₃SiC₂ and other nanoparticle reinforcements (graphene, CNTs, and SiN) on the mechanical and dynamic properties of friction stir processed (FSPed) AA5083 aluminum composites. Microstructural analysis revealed the impact of these reinforcements on grain size. Dynamic properties were assessed using a free vibration impact test, while mechanical properties were measured through a compression test. Most composites showed enhancements in damping ratio and natural frequency compared to the base alloy, with the Ti₃SiC₂ leading to a substantial increase in natural frequency. The AA5083/max phase Ti3SiC2 composite demonstrated the most significant improvements across nearly all properties, notably enhancing stiffness (+7.35% in E), strength (+25.36% in yield strength), and vibration resistance (+5.83% in fₙ), while significantly reducing damping (−62.76% in ζ). In contrast, the friction stirred AA5083 offered moderate enhancements in strength (+17.86% in yield strength) and a slight increase in natural frequency (+2.00%) but did not significantly improve stiffness and actually increased damping. The base alloy AA5083 served as the baseline for comparison, exhibiting the lowest performance in all categories. The findings highlight the potential of FSP and reinforcement, especially Ti3SiC2, for tailoring the properties of AA5083 for enhanced performance in various applications. These findings emphasize the significance of customizing the reinforcement material to attain the intended mechanical characteristics in AA5083 composites.
JOGOS DIDÁTICOS COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE MATEMÁTICA PARA ALUNOS AUTISTAS
Authors: De Souza Larissa Camila , Gomes de Oliveira Júlio César Gomes de Oliveira 
Published: December 2024

Os jogos didáticos são utilizados no intuito de desenvolver várias competências, como o raciocínio lógico, as habilidades manuais e estéticas, as relações interpessoais e intrapessoais, a integração de conceitos aprendidos em diversas áreas do conhecimento, investigação e compreensão, a representação e comunicação, entre outros, assim como na transformação social. Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo estudar aspectos relacionados aos jogos didáticos e o desenvolvimento intelectual e criativo do aluno autista por meio da seguinte pergunta norteadora: “Quais contribuições os jogos didáticos podem oferecer para o ensino e aprendizagem de matemática de alunos autistas?” Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizada como pesquisa exploratória descritiva, do tipo análise bibliográfica, cujo os instrumentos de informações utilizados foram pesquisas de artigos no google acadêmico e fontes de diversos autores. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir da criação de eixos e categorias de análise, definidos através do material obtido na pesquisa. Ao final deste trabalho, notamos ser possível trabalhar matemática utilizando os jogos didáticos de forma divertida e dinâmica, de modo que os alunos autistas consigam interagir, obter desenvolvimento neurocomportamentais, intelectuais e criativos, logo a matéria será compreendida, estimulando a socialização, a comunicação e a aprendizagem. Assim, concluímos que os jogos didáticos podem trazer diversas contribuições para o ensino e a aprendizagem de matemática do aluno autista, dentre elas, podemos citar: noção de tempo e espaço, habilidades matemáticas, memorização, raciocínio lógico, além de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de atividades voluntárias, promover troca de interações sociais, trabalho em grupo, afetividade, construção de diversos tipos de representações, o desempenho de movimentos proprioceptivos, e ainda demostrar várias emoções, tais como: prazer, desprazer, liberdade de ação, incertezas e espontaneidade, promovendo comunicação, interação e diversão.
A Gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos resultantes das atividades dos Bares e Restaurantes do Mercado Central de Pelotas/RS
Authors: Lopes Veridiana , Pereira Gisele , Barbosa Andyara 
Published: December 2024

Esse trabalho tem como foco o Mercado Central de Pelotas (RS), visto sua importância e atratividade. Devido ao grande público que frequenta os bares e restaurantes do Mercado Central, há a geração de resíduos sólidos, tais como, embalagens (papelão, plástico, pet, etc.), garrafas de vidros e resíduos orgânicos (sobras de alimentos), dentre outros. Assim, se faz pertinente compreender a destinação e a disposição final desses materiais resultantes do consumo de alimentos e bebidas. Logo,este estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar a destinação e a disposição final dos resíduos sólidos gerados pelos bares e restaurantes localizados na área externa do Mercado Central de Pelotas. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho caracteriza-se por ser quali-quantitativa. A coleta de informações deu-se através de revisão bibliográfica quanto à legislação ambiental federal e municipal, a fim de investigar as políticas públicas de incentivo à destinação e disposição adequadas dos resíduos sólidos. Também, foram aplicados questionários com os gestores dos bares e restaurantes localizados na parte externa do Mercado. Os resultados permitem concluir que muitos estabelecimentos ainda não se adequaram a questão da separação dos resíduos sólidos. Outro ponto a ser destacado é que, de acordo com a pesquisa realizada, não foram evidenciadas ações por parte do Município que articulem e incentivem a correta separação dos resíduos, entretanto constatou-se que o mesmo já possui seu próprio Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada dos Resíduos Sólidos, conforme prevê a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos.
Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Youth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Steele Dale W. , Kanaan Ghid , Caputo Eduardo L. , Freeman Jennifer B. , Brannan Elizabeth H. , Balk Ethan M. , Trikalinos Thomas A. , Adam Gaelen P. 
Published: December 2024

CONTEXT
We examined treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE
The objective was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of behavioral and pharmacologic treatments.

DATA SOURCES
Sources include 6 databases and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry; search was last updated on May 15, 2024.

STUDY SELECTION
Dual screening was augmented by Abstrackr machine learning algorithm.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data include participant characteristics, intervention details, and risk of bias.

RESULTS
Results are from 71 randomized controlled trials. In the random effects network meta-analysis of OCD symptom severity, assessed by the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Total (CY-BOCS), exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP) is more effective than waitlist (net mean difference [NMD], −10.5; 95% CI, −12.6 to −8.4) and probably more effective vs behavioral control (NMD, −5.3; 95% CI, −8.0 to −2.7). Remote ERP is more effective than waitlist (NMD, −9.4; 95% CI, −11.9 to −7.0) and as effective as in-person ERP. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are more effective than placebo (NMD, −4.4; 95% CI, −6.1 to −2.6). Clomipramine is probably more effective than placebo (NMD, −4.5; 95% CI, −6.8 to −2.1). ERP is probably more effective than SSRI (NMD, −2.7; 95% CI, −5.4 to −0.0), and combined ERP and an SSRI are probably more effective than SSRI alone (NMD, −3.0; 95% CI, −5.1 to −1.0). Overall, treatments including ERP (ERP+SSRI, ERP, and remote ERP) comprise the 3 highest-ranked interventions.

LIMITATIONS
Non–CY-BOCS outcomes were sparsely reported.

CONCLUSIONS
ERP, delivered in-person or via telehealth, SSRIs, and clomipramine are all effective treatments. ERP, alone or in combination with an SSRI, is probably more effective than an SSRI alone.