bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective Optical Quality in Eyes with Customized Selection of Aspheric Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Tan Qing-Qing , Lin Jia , Tian Jing , Liao Xuan , Lan Chang-Jun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Backgroud

To compare the postoperative optical quality in eyes with customized selection and random selection of aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods

A prospective, nonrandomized study was implemented in adult cataract patients who underwent unilateral phacoemulsification with aspheric IOL implantation. Patients were allocated into two treatment groups: a customized group and a control group. In the customized group, the aspheric IOL selection was based on the corneal spherical aberration to enable the postoperative target ocular spherical aberration closest to zero; in the control group, the aspheric IOLs were chosen using a random strategy. Primary outcome measurements included the following objective optical quality assessments: higher-order aberrations obtained by a Hartmann-shack aberrometer at 4mm and 6mm pupil diameters; objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off, Strehl ratio (SR) and a simulated contrast visual acuity—optical quality analysis system value (OV) obtained by a double-pass system with a 4-mm aperture. Subjective visual acuity was measured as secondary outcome. All the patients were followed up for 3 months.

Results

Eighty-four patients in the customized group and 78 patients in the control group were evaluated. There was no significant difference in postoperative visual acuity between the two groups (P>0.05). Significantly less ocular higher-order aberrations were shown in the customized group (P<0.05). No significant difference was shown in OSI, MTF cut-off, SR and OV between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Although customized selection of aspheric IOL implantation showed less postoperative ocular aberrations, it performed similarly to random selection of aspheric IOL implantation in terms of postoperative visual acuity, simulated contrast visual acuity, intraocular scatter, modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio.
Diseño de un software para estimulación del componente socio-emocional en niños con trastorno del espectro autista
Authors: Suárez-Pico Paola , Bonelo-Cuellar Gynna , Utria Oscar 
Published: June 2019

Los trastornos del espectro autista se caracterizan por la presencia de limitaciones en la reciprocidad emocional e interacción social. En esta investigación se diseñó y validó por contenido un software para la estimulación de habilidades de comprensión emocional y social en niños con trastorno del espectro autista de alto nivel de funcionamiento. El software está conformado por tres dimensiones: reconocimiento emocional, comprensión emocional y comprensión de creencias; cada dimensión cuenta con niveles de complejidad baja, media y alta. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un diseño instrumental de corte psicométrico donde las unidades de análisis fueron las actividades validadas por 9 jueces, 8 de ellos expertos en neuropsicología e intervención en autismo y un juez experto en ingeniería y desarrollo de software. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la fórmula de coeficiente de razón de validez de contenido y los resultados muestran que se valida sin modificaciones el 99.06% de los ítems; el 0.4% de los ítems se conservan con modificaciones. Se concluye que el software cuenta con un contenido válido para la estimulación del componente social y emocional en niños con trastorno del espectro autista de alto funcionamiento.
Efficacy of integrated ultraviolet ultrasonic technologies in the removal of erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from domestic wastewater through a laboratory-based experiment
Authors: Annisha Owassa Dza Rebecca , Li Zifu , Zhou Xiaoqin , Stenay Junior Ngomah Madgil Don , Donde Oscar Omondi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a common occurrence especially in areas where antibiotic drugs are widely used. Moreover, the potential effect of antibiotic pollution and the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) on the composition of bacterial communities in the ecosystems continue to degrade the quality of most ecosystems. Despite the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ultrasound (US) technologies in wastewater purification, little is known on their application in the elimination of fecal pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli. Moreover, their individual and combined potential in the elimination of erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli is a topic that still requires proper understanding. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the individual and combined/integrative potential of UV radiation and ultrasonic technologies in the removal of erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli from domestic effluents using a laboratory experimental-based set-up. The results showed that UV radiation experiment was able to significantly eliminate erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli from the water to a value of 2 log units. Additionally, US technology was equally able to significantly reduce both the erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli to 2 log units. However, on combining the two technologies, there was further reduction to 1 log unit, hence, pointing to the need for adopting the integrative approach in water purification for increased wastewater purification efficiencies and improved ecosystem and human health.
Nanogels for Skin Cancer Therapy via Transdermal Delivery: Current Designs
Authors: Tran Phuong H.L. , Duan Wei , Lee Beom-Jin , Tran Thao T.D. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Recently, several strategies have been proposed for skin cancer therapy by transdermal
delivery, and particularly the use of nanotechnology.

Methods:
This process disrupts the stratum corneum to deliver a drug through the skin, allowing it to accumulate at
the tumor site.

Results:
Nanogels are drug delivery systems that can be applied to many diseases. Nanogel engineering has been
widely studied for use in drug delivery, particularly in cancer theranostics. This review summarizes specific strategies
for using nanogels to treat skin cancer, a topic that is limited in recent literature.

Conclusion:
Advanced techniques for effective skin cancer therapy based on the nanogel’s penetration and cellular
uptake abilities will be discussed. Moreover, techniques for penetrating the skin, as well as drug release, permeation
studies, and microscopic observations, will also be discussed.
Genetic Diversity Among Saudi Peganum harmala and Rhazya stricta Populations Using Chemical and ISSR Markers
Authors: Abd-Elgawad Magda E. , Alotaibi Modhi O. 
Published: June 2019

Background:The vernacular name 'Harmal' is used for two plant species in Saudi Arabia, i.e. Peganum harmala L. and Rhazya stricta Decne. Both are important medicinal plants which offer interesting pharmacological properties.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among different populations of harmal based on chemical variations of alkaloids and molecular polymorphism.Methods:Total alkaloids were extracted from plants of three populations of each species and estimated by using spectrophotometer and the chemical compounds were analyzed by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Molecular polymorphism was estimated by using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) fingerprints.Results:The results showed that the alkaloids content of R. stricta was higher than P. harmala populations. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of (65-53) compounds in R. stricta and P. harmala, and the percentage of polymorphism was found to be 93.2%. Sixteen ISSR primers produced 170 scorable bands with an average of 9.6 bands per primer and 75%-100% polymorphism. The cluster analysis using the unweighted pair-group method of the arithmetic average (UPGMA) method based on combined data of GC-MS and ISSR markers divided the six harmal genotypes into two major groups.Conclusion:The existence of variations in chemical and genetic markers is useful for the selection of potential genotypes for medicinal use, and for breeding lines for medicinal substances production to spare wild plants from uncontrolled harvesting for folk medicine.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Standardized Platelet Rich Plasma Releasates on Knee Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes and Cartilage in vitro
Authors: Gato-Calvo Lucía , Hermida-Gómez Tamara , Romero Cristina R. , Burguera Elena F. , Blanco Francisco J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has recently emerged as a potential treatment for
osteoarthritis (OA), but composition heterogeneity hampers comparison among studies, with the result
that definite conclusions on its efficacy have not been reached.

Objective:
1) To develop a novel methodology to prepare a series of standardized PRP releasates
(PRP-Rs) with known absolute platelet concentrations, and 2) To evaluate the influence of this standardization
parameter on the anti-inflammatory properties of these PRP-Rs in an in vitro and an ex vivo
model of OA.

Methods:
A series of PRPs was prepared using the absolute platelet concentration as the standardization
parameter. Doses of platelets ranged from 0% (platelet poor plasma, PPP) to 1.5·105 platelets/µl.
PRPs were then activated with CaCl2 to obtain releasates (PRP-R). Chondrocytes were stimulated with
10% of each PRP-R in serum-free culture medium for 72 h to assess proliferation and viability. Cells
were co-stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β (5 ng/ml) and 10% of each PRP-R for 48 h to determine
the effects on gene expression, secretion and intra-cellular content of common markers associated with
inflammation, catabolism and oxidative stress in OA. OA cartilage explants were co-stimulated with
IL-1β (5 ng/ml) and 10% of either PRP-R with 0.75·105 platelets/µl or PRP-R with 1.5·105 platelets/µl
for 21 days to assess matrix inflammatory degradation.

Results:
Chondrocyte viability was not affected, and proliferation was dose-dependently increased.
The gene expression of all pro-inflammatory mediators was significantly and dose-independently reduced,
except for that of IL-1β and IL-8. Immunoblotting corroborated this effect for inducible NO
synthase (NOS2). Secreted matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) was reduced to almost basal levels
by the PRP-R from PPP. Increasing platelet dosage led to progressive loss to this anti-catabolic ability.
Safranin O and toluidine blue stains supported the beneficial effect of low platelet dosage on cartilage
matrix preservation.

Conclusion:
We have developed a methodology to prepare PRP releasates using the absolute platelet
concentration as the standardization parameter. Using this approach, the composition of the resulting
PRP derived product is independent of the donor initial basal platelet count, thereby allowing the
evaluation of its effects objectively and reproducibly. In our OA models, PRP-Rs showed antiinflammatory,
anti-oxidant and anti-catabolic properties. Platelet enrichment could favor chondrocyte
proliferation but is not necessary for the above effects and could even be counter-productive.
Portable Life Support System: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Chen Yihao , Ma Xuefeng , Zhang Yongde , Huang Zhiyuan , Liang Dexian 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Portable life support system is used in the battlefield, disaster and in other
special circumstances such as in space exploration, and underground survey to give the wounded a
life support. The most dangerous period for the injured is the first hour after an injury, which is a
crucial time for treatment. If the patient's vital signs were stabilized, more than 40% of the injured
could be saved. The staff can efficiently complete the task if they get effective and stable vital signs
during the operation. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of disaster and battlefield mortality to
improve operational safety and efficiency, it is necessary to study the portable life support system.

Objective:
The study aimed to provide an overview of recent portable life support system and its
characteristics and design.

Methods:
This paper introduces the patents and products related to a portable life support system,
and its characteristics and application.

Results:
This paper summarizes five kinds of portable life support systems which are box type,
stretcher type, bed type, backpack type and mobile type. Moreover, the characteristics of different
portable life support systems are analyzed. The paper expounds the problems of different types of
portable life support systems and puts forward improvement methods to solve the problems. Finally,
the paper points out the future development of the system.

Conclusion:
Portable life support system plays an increasingly important role in health care. In
terms of the structure, function and control, further development and improvements are needed,
along with the research on portable life support system.
MicroRNAs: Crucial Regulators of Stress
Authors: Roufayel Rabih , kadry Seifedine 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Signaling pathways including gene silencing, cellular differentiation, homeostasis,
development and apoptosis are regulated and controlled by a wide range of miRNAs.

Objective:
Due to their potential binding sites in human-protein coding genes, many studies have also
linked their altered expressions in various cancer types making them tumor suppressors agents.

Methods:
Moreover, each miRNA is predicted to have many mRNA targets indicating their extensive
regulatory role in cell survival and developmental processes. Nowadays, diagnosis of early cancer
stage development is now dependent on variable miRNA expression levels as potential oncogenic
biomarkers in validating and targeting microRNAs for cancer therapy.

Results:
As the majority of miRNA, transcripts are derived from RNA polymerase II-directed transcription,
stress response could result on a general reduction in the abundance of these transcripts.
Over expression of various microRNAs have lead to B cell malignancy, potentiated KrasG12Dinduced
lung tumorigenesis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoproliferative disease and autoimmunity.

Conclusion:
Altered miRNA expressions could have a significant impact on the abundance of proteins,
making them attractive candidates as biomarkers for cancer detection and important regulators
of apoptosis.
KAHRAMANMARAŞ İLİ DULKADİROĞLU BÖLGESİ KATI ATIK BİLEŞENLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ZIBA Cengiz Ayhan , GÖKPUR Halil , DOLAZ Mustafa 
Published: June 2019

Ülke ekonomisinin
gelişmesiyle birlikte kentleşme ve nüfus artışı da hızlanmakta ve buna bağlı
olarak çevresel atıklarda da büyük oranda artış görülmektedir. Oluşan bu
atıkların gömülerek veya yakılarak bertaraf edilmesi yerine geri kazanılması
için yeni teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Geri kazanılabilecek
atıklardan endüstride kullanılabilecek hammadde elde edilmesi, hem endüstrinin
hammadde ihtiyacını hem de dışa bağımlılığı azaltarak ekonomiye katkı sağlanmış
olacaktır. Bu çalışmada 2017 yılı Nisan-Mayıs aylarında Kahramanmaraş ili Dulkadiroğlu
ilçesi sınırları içerisindeki konutlarda oluşan evsel katı atıklar, “Kent
Merkezi”, “Düşük Gelir Seviyesi”, “Orta Gelir Seviyesi” ve “Yüksek Gelir
Seviyesi” olmak üzere, dört bölgeye
ayrılarak ele alınmış ve irdelenmiştir. Bu bölgelerden toplanan katı atık
bileşenlerinde en yüksek oranı % 55,90 ile mutfak
atıklarının, sonra sırasıyla % 12,50 ile plastik atıkların, % 9,80 ile diğer
yanabilen atıkların ve % 8 ile kâğıt atıklarının oluşturduğu görülmüştür.
ANKARA – SİVAS DEMİRYOLU HIZLI TREN PROJESİ T-5 TÜNELİ YAPIM ÇALIŞMALARI
Authors: HİÇYILMAZ Ömer Sezgi , ÖZÇELİK Mehmet 
Published: June 2019

Ankara-Sivas
Yüksek Hızlı Tren Demiryolu Projesi kapsamında 9 adet tünel açılmıştır. Bu
çalışmada, T-5 tünelinde (840 m
uzunluğunda) (Km 318+245-Km 319+085) Yeni Avusturya Tünel Açma Metodu (NATM)
uygulanarak yapılan tünel kazısı ve destekleme çalışmaları incelenmiştir.
Öncelikle, tünel kazısının yapılacağı güzergâhta kaya kütlesinin mühendislik
özelliklerinin sınıflandırılması yapılmıştır. NATM, tüneli çevreleyen kayacın
mevcut direncinin harekete geçirilmesi veya korunması ile yan kayacın büyük
ölçüde kendi kendine destekler duruma getirilmesi prensibine dayanmaktadır.
NATM ince bir püskürtme beton tabakası, uygun bir şekilde kaya saplamaları ile
sağlamlaştırma ve kazı alanına mümkün olduğunca yakın bir şekilde yerleştirilen
kemer betonun kullanılması şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Kaya saplamaları ile
birlikte kullanılan püskürtme betonun çelik hasır ve iksa ile desteklenmesi de
NATM’ın uygulama alanında kabul edilmektedir. T-5 tüneli ve diğer açılan
tüneller, bölgenin jeolojik yapısından dolayı ayrışmış-tamamen ayrışmış
birimler içerisinden geçmekte olup, bu nedenle değişik kazı ve destekleme
şekillerinin kullanılması yapım sırasında kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu nedenle,
halen yaygın olarak kullanılmakta olan NATM, Yüksek Hızlı Tren Demiryolu
Projesi kapsamında yapılmakta olan tünellerde karşılaşılan örnekler ve
uygulamaların incelenmesi mevcut deneyimlerin zenginleştirilmesi açısından
önemlidir.
The restriction of compromise interpretation of the contract
Authors: Namiq Asos , Namiq Ismael 
Published: June 2019

This study focuses on the statement of the rules of compromise interpretation of the contract, and we found through the research that the interpretation process to identify the real will of the contractors through the expression of the contract, and what is required of the legal rules, and the reality in which the contract is implemented, All these wishes must be constrained by the interpreter with several controls during interpretation, and those controls should either be Internal controls imposed by the type of contract to be interpreted or the extent of clarity and ambiguity of the terms used in the contract, or through the search for the common intention of the contractors. External controls imposed by the legislation or public legal system, or the custom that follows the place where the contract is concluded or its implementation, or principles of justice that must be taken into consideration when interpreting, or the legal nature of the obligation.
Therefore, in this study, which consists of a preliminary requirement and two topics, we attempt to add to the introduction and conclusion, shed light on the concept of conciliatory interpretation and internal and external controls of compromise interpretation.
Los congresos locales en México. Un modelo para evaluar su grado de institucionalización
Authors: Puente Martínez Khemvirg 
Published: June 2019

<p>En este trabajo se identifican los distintos grados de institucionalización legislativa y transparencia en congresos locales de México, desde la perspectiva comparada. El objetivo general es contribuir al estado de conocimiento de la Ciencia Política sobre el desempeño institucional de las legislaturas subnacionales y explicar cómo el proceso de democratización afecta el rendimiento en materia de institucionalización y transparencia en ese nivel</p>
Fronteras fragmentadas y múltiples identidades: una investigación de fronterizos transnacionales entre Brasil y Paraguay
Authors: Tedeschi Losandro Antonio , Baller Leandro 
Published: June 2019

<p>El artículo busca discutir sobre las identidades en la región de frontera entre Brasil y Paraguay. Por ellas pasan los sentidos de nacionalidades, las confluencias de saberes, culturas, relaciones económicas y otros aspectos. Así, las fronteras son espacios de reconocimiento, extrañeza y definición de identidades. Éstas son comprehendidas como un proceso en que los significados son construidos por la acción de la hibridación, es decir, de la asociación de elementos de una<br />cultura con la otra, proporcionando el surgimiento de nuevos elementos culturales. Las fronteras no desaparecen, ellas se modifican, se interpenetran y se reelaboran en sus sentidos de pasado/presente</p>
Sobre el cambio en la relación libertades-seguridad. Un ensayo
Authors: Suárez Iñiguez Enrique 
Published: June 2019

<p>En este ensayo el autor analiza cómo ha cambiado la relación tradicional entre las libertades y la seguridad de los individuos. Del planteamiento liberal en el que las libertades básicas deberían ser lo más amplias posible y compatibles con las demás, se ha pasado, a partir de los actos terroristas recientes, a restringir algunas de esas libertades. El autor reflexiona sobre este problema, se pregunta hasta que límite se pueden restringir las libertades y si es válido limitar unas y no otras. Apunta que sólo teniendo en mente los fundamentos, lo que los liberales clásicos y contemporáneos dijeron sobre las libertades y teniendo en cuenta la situación actual, se podrá dar una respuesta fundamentada</p>
De la democracia liberal a la posdemocracia: explicaciones sobre el malestar ciudadano contra las elecciones
Authors: Zamitiz Gamboa Héctor 
Published: June 2019

<p>El presente artículo tiene por objeto contribuir al diagnóstico de la situación en que se encuentra la democracia en la actualidad. Ofrece una explicación teórico-política de lo que para muchos estudiosos es un proceso de vaciamiento, de distorsión, de neutralización de los contenidos tradicionales de la política, especialmente conformados durante una gran parte del siglo xx, debido a las “promesas incumplidas de la democracia”, que en la actualidad se expresa en<br />diversas formas de solapamiento institucional de la política en favor de la economía. Ello ha ocasionado una exitosa implosión del mismo capitalismo y se ha impuesto en la forma sistémica del neoliberalismo dentro de los procesos políticos de actuación práctica en la nueva era que hemos denominado globalización o mundialización, hecho que lleva a formular la pregunta: ¿existe un cambio de lo que fue la era de la democracia liberal a una posdemocracia?</p>
Maquiavelo: el infortunio de un político renacentista
Authors: García Jurado Roberto 
Published: June 2019

<p>Una de las polémicas más vivas e intensas en torno a la obra de Maquiavelo, es la definición de la fecha en que escribió dos de sus obras capitales: El príncipe y Discursos sobre la primera década de Tito Livio. Más allá de una mera curiosidad biográfica, la discusión tiene sentido, porque hay autores que perciben contenidos ideológicos muy distintos entre uno y otro texto, por lo que suponer una separación cronológica considerable entre los dos, contribuye a su argumentación. Sin embargo, en este texto, el autor asume que la escritura de ambas obras es muy cercana, casi sincrónica, y sobre todo demuestra que el enfoque ideológico de ambas es muy similar</p>
Infraestructura carretera y crecimiento económico en México
Authors: Zepeda Ortega Isidro Enrique , Ángeles-Castro Gerardo , Carrillo-Murillo David Guillermo 
Published: June 2019

La relación entre infraestructura carretera y crecimiento económico regional ha sido estudiada con resultados poco concluyentes. En este documento se analiza el efecto de la disponibilidad de infraestructura carretera sobre la producción regional de los municipios de México. Se caracterizaron regionalmente las carreteras disponibles por municipio aplicando un SIG y mediante un análisis de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, y se explica la relación positiva densidad carretera-producción para las regiones municipales. Se demuestra que las carreteras tienen sus mayores efectos en la producción bruta regional de las actividades manufactureras y el comercio minorista, mientras que en la agricultura, la ganadería, la pesca y la minería, no tiene influencia significativa; particularmente las carreteras libres brindan mayor beneficio regional en comparación....