bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Flow Field Characteristics of Variable Aspect Ratio, Serpentine Passages
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Klein Denali , Wright Lesley M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of acceleration and deceleration in the turn region of a two-pass, serpentine channel. Channel aspect ratios of 2:1 and 4:1 are considered in three combinations to investigate the effect of acceleration and deceleration through the turn region in a smooth, two-pass channel. For each aspect ratio combination, the experiments include Reynolds numbers ranging from 15,000 to 45,000 in the first passage and from 9,000 to 75,000 in the second pass. Surface heat transfer coefficient (h) distributions are measured by transient thermochromic liquid crystal technique, and the flow field characteristics are measured by tomographic PIV. Enhanced heat transfer on the side wall and downstream in the second pass is observed for all cases. Based on the first-pass Nusselt number (Nu) ratio, the accelerating case provides the best heat transfer enhancement. However, based on the second-pass Nu ratio, the decelerating case is more promising. If the Reynolds number is controlled, the constant cross-sectional case has the highest Nu and h in the turn. If the mass flowrate is controlled, the accelerating case exhibits the lowest overall average Nu and h. The flow field results suggest that the secondary flow induced by the turn is weakened when the flow accelerates after the turn for the accelerating channel. The opposite is observed for the decelerating channel. The strength of the counterrotating vortex pair, turbulence level, and local heat transfer enhancements are closely correlated in a serpentine channel.
ADDOPT: An Additive Manufacturing Optimal Control Framework Demonstrated in Minimizing Layer-Level Thermal Variance in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Khrenov Mikhail , Frieden Templeton William , Prabha Narra Sneha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The large temporal and spatial variations in temperature that can occur in layer-wise metal additive manufacturing (AM) lead to thermal excursions, resulting in property variations and defects. These variations cannot always be fully mitigated by simple static parameter search. To address this challenge, we propose a general approach based on modeling AM processes on the part-scale in state-space and framing AM process planning as a numerical optimal control problem. We demonstrate this approach on the problem of minimizing thermal variation in a given layer in the electron beam powder bed fusion AM process, and are able to compute globally optimal dynamic process plans. These optimized process plans are then evaluated in simulation, achieving an 87% and 86% reduction in cumulative variance compared to random spot melting and a uniform power field respectively, and are further validated in experiment. This one-shot feedforward planning approach expands the capabilities of AM technology by minimizing the need for iterative experiments and simulations to achieve process optimization. Further, this work opens the possibility for the application of optimal control theory to part-scale optimization and control in AM.
The Influence of Occupant Characteristics, Seat Positioning, and Pre-Crash Maneuvers on Front Passenger Safety Performance
Authors: Dahiya Akshay , Untaroiu Costin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Crash avoidance vehicle maneuvers are known to influence occupant posture and kinematics which consequently may influence injury risks in the event of a crash. In this work, a generic buck vehicle finite element (FE) model was developed which included the vehicle interior and the front passenger airbag (PAB). Seat position and occupant characteristics including anthropometry, sex, and age were varied in a design of experiments. Two pre-crash maneuvers representing (1) a generic 1 g braking and (2) turning-and-braking scenarios were simulated. Rigid-body human models with active joints (GHBMCsi-pre models) obtained by morphing a 50th male model to selected anthropometries were used in pre-crash simulations. The kinematics data of belted GHBMCsi-pre models at the end of the pre-crash phase were transferred using a developed switch algorithm to the corresponding morphed Global Human Body Model Consortium (GHBMC) occupant simplified (OS) models to predict occupant injury risks. Finally, an FMVSS-208 pulse was applied to simulate the in-crash phase. During both pre-crash maneuvers, the occupant's head and thorax moved forward toward the dashboard. Therefore, the head and thorax contacted the PAB earlier, leading to lower head accelerations when the pre-crash phase was considered. Overall, it was concluded that pre-crash braking decreased the severity of injury sustained by the passenger. Seat track position and seat recline angle showed the highest influence on the head injury criterion (HIC). The brain injury criterion (BrIC) and neck injury criterion (Nij) were most sensitive to pre-crash maneuver type, seat recline angle, and occupant size.
Bacterial microcompartment utilization in the human commensal
Escherichia coli
Nissle 1917
Authors: Clare Chania , Rutter Jack W. , Fedorec Alex J. H. , Frank Stefanie , Barnes Chris P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are self-assembled protein structures often utilized by bacteria as a modular metabolic unit, enabling the catalysis and utilization of less common carbon and nitrogen sources within a self-contained compartment. The
ethanolamine (EA) utilization (eut)
BMC has been widely demonstrated in enteropathogens, such as
Salmonella enterica
, and current research is exploring its activity in the commensal species that populate the human gut.
Escherichia coli
Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a strong colonizer and probiotic in gut microbial communities and has been used extensively for microbiome engineering. In this study, the utilization of ethanolamine as a sole carbon source and the formation of the
eut
BMC in EcN were demonstrated through growth assays and visualization with transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, flux balance analysis was used to further investigate the metabolic activity of this pathway. It was found that not only is the utilization of the
eut
BMC for the degradation of EA as a carbon source in EcN comparable with that of
Salmonella enterica
but also that ammonium is released into solution as a byproduct in EcN but not in
S. enterica
. Control of EA-dependent growth was demonstrated using different concentrations of the operon inducer, vitamin B
12
. We show that vitamin B
12
-dependent EA utilization as the sole carbon source enables growth in EcN, and demonstrate the concurrent formation of the BMC shell and inducible control of the
eut
operon.

IMPORTANCE

The human gut is a complex environment of different bacterial species, nutrient sources, and changing conditions that are essential for human health. An imbalance can allow for the emergence of opportunistic pathogens. Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are utilized by bacteria to metabolize less common nutrients, conferring a growth advantage. Although widely studied in enteropathogens, there is limited research on BMC activity in commensal species. We demonstrate the formation of the eut BMC and utilization of ethanolamine as a carbon source in the human gut commensal
Escherichia coli
Nissle 1917 (EcN). Additionally, we found increased ammonium production when EcN utilized ethanolamine but did not see the same in
Salmonella enterica
, highlighting potential differences in how these species affect the wider microbial community.
Comparison of the BluePoint MoldID oligonucleotide array and Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of filamentous fungi
Authors: Chou Chia-Hua , Chao Qiao-Ting , Lu Yun-Shan , Lee Tai-Fen , Hsueh Po-Ren , Huang Yu-Tsung , Liao Chun-Hsing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

BluePoint MoldID can identify 43 fungal species through nucleic acid array hybridization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can identify 247 filamentous fungi through mass spectrometry. First, 43 standard isolates from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan, and the College of American Pathologists and 41 clinical
Aspergillus
species isolates confirmed by rDNA-ITS sequencing were analyzed using BluePoint MoldID and Bruker MALDI-TOF MS. BluePoint MoldID accurately identified 79% (34/43) of the standard isolates to the species level but failed to recognize nine isolates absent from its database; additionally, 87.8% (36/41) of the clinical isolates were identified at the species level, with 80.5% (33/41) accuracy. MALDI-TOF MS identified 86% (37/43) of the standard isolates, with 81.4% (35/43) accurately identified at the species level and two at the genus level, and identified all the clinical isolates, with 92.6% (38/41) accurately identified at the species level. Next, we analyzed 93 clinical
Aspergillus
species and compared the results by rDNA-ITS sequencing. BluePoint MoldID identified 87.1% (81/93) of the isolates at the species level, with 80.6% (75/93) accuracy. MALDI-TOF MS identified 97.8% (91/93) of the isolates, including some uncommon species, with 90.3% (84/93) accuracy at the species level. BluePoint MoldID and MALDI-TOF MS had turnaround times of 8 and 2 h, respectively, significantly reducing the time needed to identify filamentous fungi.

IMPORTANCE
The BluePoint MoldID kit is an oligonucleotide array used for the identification of filamentous fungi, and it has not yet been mentioned in recent studies. We used a BluePoint MoldID kit to identify standard and clinical filamentous fungal isolates and compared its performance with that of Bruker MALDI-TOF MS. The former accurately identified 80.2% of the isolates (142/177), and the latter identified 92.6% of the isolates (164/177). The performance of the BluePoint MoldID kit was slightly inferior to that of Bruker MALDI-TOF MS because of the smaller database. However, the BluePoint MoldID kit can cover most clinically common opportunistic fungal infections; thus, it offers an alternative method for laboratories that lack MALDI-TOF MS equipment, as the device is less expensive.
The neurological damage caused by enterovirus 71 infection is associated with hsa_circ_0069335/miR-29b/PMP22 pathway
Authors: Liu Guangming , Zhu Danping , Feng Kuan , Peng Hongxia , Yang Sida , Huang Li , Li Peiqing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is usually accompanied by neurological damage, which is the leading cause of death in children with hand-foot-mouth disease. In this study, we demonstrated that EV71 infection can cause pathological damage in the nervous system, such as neuronal vacuolar degeneration, shrinkage of some neurons, edema of brain tissues in the hippocampus, and a decreased number of Nissl bodies in the infarction area. Also, EV71 infection caused apparent structural damage to Schwann cells, including a decreased number of cytoplasmic organelles and severe damage of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. However, the pathological damage was alleviated with the decrease of EV71 viral load. The cell experiment
in vitro
showed that EV71 infection significantly reduced ATP levels and promoted Schwann cell apoptosis, thus inhibiting cell growth. The extended infection time and the decreased viral load resulted in the gradual improvement of cell growth status. Meanwhile, EV71 inhibited the expression of miR-29b and promoted the expression of PMP22 in a time-dependent manner at both mRNA and protein levels, with the most significant change at 36 h of infection. Subsequently, the expression of miR-29b and PMP22 was gradually restored with the reduction of EV71 viral load. In addition, EV71 regulated the expression of hsa_circ_0069335, which could bind and co-localize with miR-29b. Therefore, EV71 infection can cause significant damage to the nervous system and may be related to hsa_circ_0069335/miR-29b/PMP22 pathway. The present study provides a new therapeutic target for neurological damage induced by EV71 infection.

IMPORTANCE
EV71 can cause severe neurological damage and even death, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we exhibited the pathological changes of nervous system in EV71 infection and revealed that the damage degree was consistent with the EV71 viral load. From the molecular perspective, EV71 infection up-regulated the PMP22 expression in Schwann cells, which is accompanied by apparent structural damage of Schwann cells and myelin sheaths. Furthermore, EV71 promoted the expression of PMP22 and inhibited the expression of miR-29b in a time-dependent manner, with the most significant change at 36 h of infection. Otherwise, the hsa_circ_0069335, which binds and co-localizes with miR-29b, was also regulated by EV71 infection. The hsa_circ_0069335/miR-29b/PMP22 axis may be a potential molecular mechanism involved in EV71 infection-induced fatal neuronal damage. Drug development targeting this pathway may bring clinical improvement of EV71-infected patients.
Enhancing provider–patient connection through low-effort interventions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Brickson Claire , Hammar Dagan , Harnke Ben , Chopra Vineet , Li Tianjing , Baduashvili Amiran 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionNudges, or low-effort interventions aimed at influencing behaviour, can improve provider medical decision-making through promoting adherence to practice guidelines. Strengthening provider–patient humanistic connection through nudges may increase provider satisfaction, mitigate burnout and improve patient satisfaction and outcomes. This scoping review aims to map the literature investigating provider-directed, low-effort interventions aimed at enhancing the provider–patient connection.Methods and analysisThe authors conducted a preliminary search to identify terms that will be used in the final search strategy. The search follows Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and will be used to query Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases. Two authors will work independently to screen abstracts and full text. We will summarise the findings using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis and will use SEIPS 2.0 as the anchoring framework.Ethics and disseminationAs a secondary analysis of published data, this study does not require ethics approval. The results will be submitted to relevant academic peer-reviewed journals and conferences. We anticipate that the interventions surveyed in this scoping review will have the potential to be incorporated into clinical practice at an individual and systemic level with the goal of enhancing providers’ sense of meaning connected to their work, mitigating burnout and improving the patient experience.
Effect of communicating genetic risk of type 2 diabetes and wearable technologies on wearable device-measured behavioural outcomes in East Asians: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kim Youngwon , Godino Job G , Cheung Flora Lai Tung , Multhaup Michael , Chan Derwin King Chung K C , Chen Ziyuan , Ho Harrison Hin Sheung , Tse Tsz Him Timothy , Au Yeung Shiu Lun Ryan , Lou Shan , Zhang Joni H , Wang Mengyao , Chung Brian , Griffin Simon 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe communication of information about the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) alone has not been associated with changes in habitual behaviours among individuals of European ancestry. In contrast, the use of wearable devices that monitor physical activity (PA) has been associated with behavioural changes in some studies. It is uncertain whether risk communication might enhance the effects of wearable devices. We aim to assess the effects of communicating genetic risk for T2D alone or in combination with wearable device functions on wearable device-measured PA among overweight or obese East Asians.Methods and analysisIn a parallel group, randomised controlled trial, 355 overweight or obese East Asian individuals aged 40–60 years are allocated into one of three groups: one control and two intervention groups. Blood samples will be used for estimation of T2D genetic risk and analysis of metabolic risk markers. Genetic risk of T2D will be estimated based on 113 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with T2D among East Asians. All three groups receive a Fitbit device. Both intervention groups will receive T2D genetic risk estimates along with lifestyle advice, but one of the intervention groups additionally uses Fitbit’s step goal setting and prompt functions. Questionnaires and physical measurements are administered at baseline, immediately after intervention delivery, and 6 and 12 months post intervention. The primary outcome is time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA from the Fitbit, which will be assessed at baseline, immediately post intervention, 12 months post intervention and at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include other wearable device-measured parameters, sedentary time, and sleep, blood pressure, metabolic risk markers, hand grip strength, self-reported PA, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking, and psychological variables. Between-group differences in the continuous and categorical variables collected at baseline will be examined using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and χ2tests, respectively. A series of linear mixed effects models with fixed effects of time, group and interaction between time and group will be performed, with adjustment for potential confounders.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has undergone review and received approval from the ethics committee of the University of Hong Kong. Findings from our trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed research journals and presented at international academic conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov,NCT05524909.https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/(11 November 2024).
Barriers and enablers to the management of osteoarthritis in primary care in Ireland from the perspective of healthcare professionals and individuals with osteoarthritis: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Cunningham Joice , Doyle Frank , Cadogan Cathal , Clyne Barbara , Ryan Jennifer , Smith Susan M , French Helen P 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo explore the barriers and enablers to providing and receiving primary care for osteoarthritis (OA) in Ireland from the perspectives of primary care healthcare professionals (HCPs) and individuals with OA.DesignDescriptive qualitative study incorporating an inductive thematic analysis to identify key barrier and enabler themes and subsequent deductive mapping to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).SettingPrimary care in Ireland.ParticipantsHCPs, including 6 general practitioners, 5 physiotherapists, 1 occupational therapist and 1 practice nurse, and 13 individuals with OA were interviewed.ResultsIdentified barriers and enablers related to nine domains of the TDF. Key barriers identified by HCPs included limited and delayed access to multidisciplinary primary care services, lack of integrated care pathways specific to OA and insufficient training in musculoskeletal conditions including OA. Individuals with OA also reported poor access to health services due to long waiting lists, lack of education on OA and feelings of not being taken seriously by HCPs. There is a need for targeted HCP education and training to address the identified knowledge, skills and confidence gaps in communication, diagnosis and evidence-based management of OA. Improved management of OA through system-level changes, including integrated care pathways with multidisciplinary services to better support individuals with OA in the community, is required.ConclusionsThis study identified several barriers and enablers to the management of OA. These findings highlight areas to be targeted by future interventions aimed at improving the management of OA in primary care.
Dexamethasone alleviates acute lung injury in a rat model with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Authors: Wei Shi-Lin , Du Jun-Zhe , Zhai Ke-Rong , Yang Jian-Bao , Zhang Ran , Wu Xiang-Yang , Li Yongnan , Li Bin 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundIn recent years, dexamethasone (Dex) has been used to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 and achieved promising outcomes. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) support for patients with ARDS has increased significantly worldwide. However, it remains unknown whether Dex could improve the efficiency of VV ECMO to reduce lung injury. Here, we investigate the combined efficiency of VV ECMO and Dex in rats with acute lung injury (ALI).MethodsWe established VV ECMO in oleic acid (OA)-treated ALI rats and administered Dex. We conducted HE staining and evaluated lung and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytokines to assess lung injury and inflammation. Furthermore, we investigated the activation of Hippo/YAP signalling in alveolar epithelial type II cell (AT2)-mediated alveolar epithelial repair using quantitative PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. In vitro, the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 was used to investigate the key role of YAP in alveolar epithelial cell differentiation.ResultsVV ECMO combined with Dex alleviated OA-induced lung injury and pulmonary inflammation. Pulmonary oedema and exudation were significantly alleviated, and the lung and BAL levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly reduced compared with those observed with ECMO alone. In addition, VV ECMO combined with Dex treatment protected alveolar epithelial cells by activating Hippo/YAP signalling. In vitro, Dex promoted YAP expression and alveolar epithelial cell differentiation, whereas YAP knockdown inhibited YAP-mediated differentiation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adjuvant Dex treatment during VV ECMO could alleviate ALI and pulmonary inflammation by activating the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway, which promoted alveolar regeneration and AT2 differentiation.