bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Intraoperative Tympanomastoidectomy Assessment Using a Surgical Microscope Integrated with an Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lee Jaeyul , Wijesinghe Ruchire Eranga , Jeon Deokmin , Kim Pilun , Choung Yun-Hoon , Jang Jeong Hun , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSignificant technical and optical advances are required for intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to be utilized during otological surgeries. Integrating OCT with surgical microscopy makes it possible to evaluate soft tissue in real-time and at a high resolution. Herein, we describe an augmented-reality, intraoperative OCT/microscope system with an extended working distance of 280 mm, providing more space for surgical manipulation than conventional techniques. We initially performed ex vivo experiments to evaluate system performance. In addition, we validated the system by performing preliminary clinical assessments of tympanomastoidectomy outcomes in six patients with chronic otitis media. The system evaluated residual inflammation in the region-of-interest of the mastoid bone. Most importantly, the system intraoperatively revealed the connection between the graft and the remnant tympanic membrane. The extended working distance allows otological surgeons to evaluate the status of both the mastoid bone and tympanic membrane during manipulation, affording full intraoperative imaging.
Gradient and scattering forces of anti-reflection-coated spheres in an aplanatic beam
Authors: Wang Neng , Li Xiao , Chen Jun , Lin Zhifang , Ng Jack 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnti-reflection coatings (ARCs) enable one to trap high dielectric spheres that may not be trappable otherwise. Through rigorously calculating the gradient and scattering forces, we directly showed that the improved trapping performance is due to the reduction in scattering force, which originates from the suppression of backscattering by ARC. We further applied ray optics and wave scattering theories to thoroughly understand the underlying mechanism, from which, we inferred that ARC only works for spherical particles trapped near the focus of an aplanatic beam, and it works much better for large spheres. For this reason, in contradiction to our intuition, large ARC-coated spheres are sometimes more trappable than their smaller counter parts. Surprisingly, we discovered a scattering force free zone for a large ARC-coated sphere located near the focus of an aplanatic beam. Our work provides a quantitative study of ARC-coated spheres and bridges the gap between the existing experiments and current conceptual understandings.
Genome-wide DNA methylation changes in CD19+ B cells from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Maltby Vicki E. , Lea Rodney A. , Graves Moira C. , Sanders Katherine A. , Benton Miles C. , Tajouri Lotti , Scott Rodney J. , Lechner-Scott Jeannette 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The inflammatory process in MS is driven by both T and B cells and current therapies are targeted to each of these cell types. Epigenetic mechanisms may provide a valuable link between genes and environment. DNA methylation is the best studied epigenetic mechanism and is recognized as a potential contributor to MS risk. The objective of this study was to identify DNA methylation changes associated with MS in CD19+ B-cells. We performed an epigenome-wide association analysis of DNA methylation in the CD19+ B-cells from 24 patients with relapsing-remitting MS on various treatments and 24 healthy controls using Illumina 450 K arrays. A large differentially methylated region (DMR) was observed at the lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) locus. This region was hypermethylated and contains 19 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) spanning 860 bp, all of which are located within the transcriptional start site. We also observed smaller DMRs at 4 MS-associated genes: SLC44A2, LTBR, CARD11 and CXCR5. These preliminary findings suggest that B-cell specific DNA-methylation may be associated with MS risk or response to therapy, specifically at the LTA locus. Development of B-cell specific epigenetic therapies is an attractive new avenue of research in MS treatment. Further studies are now required to validate these findings and understand their functional significance.
Mouse LIMR3/CD300f is a negative regulator of the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils
Authors: Ueno Keigo , Urai Makoto , Izawa Kumi , Otani Yoshiko , Yanagihara Nao , Kataoka Michiyo , Takatsuka Shogo , Abe Masahiro , Hasegawa Hideki , Shimizu Kiminori , Kitamura Toshio , Kitaura Jiro , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Kinjo Yuki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLeukocyte mono-immunoglobulin-like receptor (LMIR)/CD300 proteins comprise a family of immunoglobulin-like receptors that are widely expressed on the immune cell surface in humans and mice. In general, LMIR3/CD300f suppresses the inflammatory response, but it can occasionally promote it. However, the precise roles of LMIR3 in the function of neutrophils remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated LMIR3 expression in mature and immature neutrophils, and evaluated the effects of LMIR3 deficiency in mouse neutrophils. Our results indicated that bone marrow (BM) neutrophils expressed LMIR3 on their cell surface during cell maturation and that surface LMIR3 expression increased in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a TLR4/MyD88-dependent manner. LMIR3-knockout (KO) neutrophils displayed significantly increased hypochlorous acid production, and elastase release, as well as significantly augmented cytotoxic activity against P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans; meanwhile, inhibitors of elastase and myeloperoxidase offset this enhanced antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, LMIR3-KO mice were significantly more resistant to Pseudomonas peritonitis and systemic candidiasis, although this may not be entirely due to the enhanced activity of neutrophils. These results demonstrate that LMIR3/CD300f deficiency augments the antimicrobial activity of mouse neutrophils.
The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Wit Francisca , Rixen Tim , Baum Antje , Pranowo Widodo S. , Hutahaean Andreas A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Indonesia, land use change (LUC) in the form of peatland degradation induces carbon loss through direct CO2 emissions, but also via soil leaching of which circa 50% is decomposed and emitted as CO2 from the rivers. However, the fate of the remaining exported leached carbon is uncertain. Here, we show that the majority of this carbon is respired in the estuaries and emitted to the atmosphere. However, a portion is adsorbed into the marine carbon pool where it favors CaCO3 dissolution and can therefore be seen as the invisible carbon footprint. We conclude that the effects of LUC stretch beyond the terrestrial realm and are not limited to CO2 emissions, but also affect marine ecosystems. Considering the ecological and economical importance of these ecosystems, it is important that this so far invisible carbon footprint, as well as the aquatic and marine CO2 emissions, are included in climate mitigation strategies.
Integrin targeting of glyphosate and its cell adhesion modulation effects on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells revealed by label-free optical biosensing
Authors: Szekacs Inna , Farkas Eniko , Gemes Borbala Leticia , Takacs Eszter , Szekacs Andras , Horvath Robert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study is a discovery of interesting and far reaching properties of the world leading herbicide active ingredient glyphosate. Here we demonstrate the cell adhesion-modifying characteristics of glyphosate affecting cellular interactions via Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-dependent integrins. This conclusion was supported by the observations that a glyphosate surface coating induced integrin-specific cell adhesion, while glyphosate in solution inhibited cell adhesion on an RGD-displaying surface. A sensitive, real-time, label-free, whole cell approach was used to monitor the cell adhesion kinetic processes with excellent data quality. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for glyphosate was determined to be 0.47 ± 0.07% (20.6 mM) in serum-free conditions. A three-dimensional dissociation constant of 0.352 mM was calculated for the binding between RGD-specific integrins in intact MC3T3-E1 cells and soluble glyphosate by measuring its competition for RGD-motifs binding, while the affinity of those RGD-specific integrins to the RGD-motifs was 5.97 µM. The integrin-targeted affinity of glyphosate was proven using competitive binding assays to recombinant receptor αvβ3. The present study shows not only ligand-binding properties of glyphosate, but also illustrates its remarkable biomimetic power in the case of cell adhesion.
PAF-1@cellulose nanofibril composite aerogel for highly-efficient removal of bisphenol A
Authors: Zhao Danyang , Tian Yuyang , Jing Xiaofei , Lu Yun , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: November 2018

A PAF-1@cellulose nanofibril composite aerogel was prepared to remove BPA from water, with an adsorption capacity of 1000 mg g−1.
Non-thermal electrons from solar nanoflares
Authors: Bakke H. , Frogner L. , Gudiksen B. V. 
Published: November 2018

Context. We introduce a model for including accelerated particles in pure magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of the solar atmosphere.
Aims. We show that the method is viable and produces results that enhance the realism of MHD simulations of the solar atmosphere.
Methods. The acceleration of high-energy electrons in solar flares is an accepted fact, but is not included in the most advanced 3D simulations of the solar atmosphere. The effect of the acceleration is not known, and here we introduce a simple method to account for the ability of the accelerated electrons to move energy from the reconnection sites and into the dense transition zone and chromosphere.
Results. The method was only run for a short time and with low reconnection energies, but this showed that the reconnection process itself changes, and that there is a clear effect on the observables at the impact sites of the accelerated electrons. Further work will investigate the effect on the reconnection sites and the impact sites in detail.
Cost Shock in Public Tenders Impacting the Railway Operator
Authors: Ondřej Špetík 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to find out whether the cost shocks occur in the passenger rail transport, whether it can cause problems of financing as well as to evaluate the ways which are used by the purchaser of public transport to change the subsidy for carriers in case of cost shock.
Results have shown that costs shocks can negatively impact financing of the subsidised passenger railway transport, so purchasers of the transport services must be extremely cautious in setting the tender documentation. So that purchasers avoid time-inconsistency solution, it is necessary to set the change in the subsidy in the contract. None of the tested clauses used by purchasers is ideal. We can see over-/under-compensation. The clause with 55 % of the consumer price index and 35 % of the change in labour costs in the transport sector reaches better results especially in contracts with vehicles purchased by the carrier.
Clinical outcomes of the “resect and discard” strategy using magnifying narrow-band imaging for small (< 10 mm) colorectal polyps
Authors: Tsuji Shigetsugu , Takeda Yasuhito , Tsuji Kunihiro , Yoshida Naohiro , Takemura Kenichi , Yamada Shinya , Doyama Hisashi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background and study aim The “resect and discard” strategy is a new paradigm for the management of small colorectal polyps that reduces the cost and effort related to pathological diagnosis after polypectomy. This retrospective study aimed to clarify the clinical outcome of the “resect and discard” strategy for small colorectal polyps.
Patients and methods The clinical records were reviewed from 501 consecutive patients who underwent the “resect and discard” strategy for colorectal polyps smaller than 10 mm at our hospital between January 2008 and December 2010. All colorectal lesions were evaluated onsite under magnifying narrow-band imaging after careful conventional white-light imaging. In cases of low grade adenoma predicted with high confidence, colonoscopists selected the “resect and discard” option without formal histopathology. The mid-term outcomes were evaluated to validate the curability of the “resect and discard” strategy.
Results The present study included 501 consecutive patients with 816 lesions. The mid-term outcomes were examined for 476 (95 %) patients who received follow-up for at least 1 year after undergoing the “resect and discard” strategy. The median observation period was 83 months (range 12 – 117 months). No patient died from colorectal cancer related to the procedure, resulting in a disease-specific survival rate of 100 %. There were no local and/or distant recurrences detected during follow-up.
Conclusions The “resect and discard” strategy for small colorectal polyps under strict preoperative diagnosis achieves excellent mid-term outcome.
Safranal Attenuates Excitotoxin-Induced Oxidative OLN-93 Cells Injury
Authors: Alavi Mohaddeseh Sadat , Fanoudi Sahar , Fard Ameneh Veisi , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Hosseini Mahmoud , Barzegar Hanif , Sadeghnia Hamid R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objectives Researches have been shown that glutamic acid (GA) or quinolinic acid (QA) can play role in neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), mainly via oligodendrocytes activation and extreme free radicals generation. Recent studies have demonstrated that safranal, an active constituent of Crocus sativus, has several pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Since there is no data about the impact of safranal on MS, this study was designed to investigate the protective effect of safranal on OLN-93 oligodendrocytes injury induced by GA or QA.
Materials and Methods At first, the potential toxic effect of safranal on OLN-93 viability was evaluated. Also, the cells were pretreated with safranal (0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 μM) for 2 h and then subjected to GA (16 mM) or QA (8 mM) toxicity for 24 h, in which the same treatments were applied. The cell viability and parameters of redox status such as the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were measured.
Results Safranal at concentration ranges of 1–800 μM had no toxic effect on cell viability (p>0.05). Treatment with safranal significantly increased cell viability following GA or QA insults at concentrations higher than 1 μM (p<0.01). The cytoprotective potential of safranal was also accompanied by decreased ROS accumulation (p<0.001) and malondialdehyde level (p<0.001) following GA or QA insults.
Conclusion The data suggests that safranal exhibits oligoprotection potential by means of inhibiting oxidative stress parameters.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Ketone α-Alkylation and Alkenylation with Simple Alkenes and Alkynes through a Dual Activation Strategy
Authors: Dong Guangbin , Lim Hee , Xing Dong 
Published: November 2018

In this personal account, we summarize our investigations on the α-alkylation and α-alkenylation reactions of ketones with nonactivated alkenes and alkynes, respectively. The serendipitous discovery of C–H alkylation/alkenylation of cyclic 1,2-diketones provided a proof of concept for a dual activation strategy. Extension to the α-alkylation and α-alkenylation of regular ketones was achieved by using 7-azaindoline as a bifunctional ligand. Subsequently, intramolecular coupling ­between ketones and olefins was achieved with Rh- and Ru-based systems, respectively. Finally, branched-selective α-alkylation was achieved through an Ir-catalyzed enamide-mediated C–H alkylation.1	Introduction2	Serendipitous Discovery of α-Alkylation and α-Alkenylation of 1,2-Diketones through Enamine-Mediated C–H Activation3	Intermolecular Ketone α-Alkylation of Regular Ketones with Nonactivated Olefins4	Intermolecular Ketone α-Alkenylation of Regular Ketones with Nonactivated Alkynes5	Intramolecular Ketone α-Alkylation of Regular Ketones with Nonactivated Olefins6	Branched-Selective α-Alkylation of Regular Ketones with Non­activated Olefins7	Conclusions and Outlook
Directed C–H Functionalization of the Adamantane Framework
Authors: Hrdina Radim 
Published: November 2018

This review summarizes the synthetic approaches towards 1,2-substitution pattern on the adamantane framework. Selected are the works containing the directed C–H functionalization step.1	Introduction2	Access to 1,2-Disubstituted Derivatives via C–H Insertion Reactions of Electrophilic Organic Species3	Access to 1,2-Disubstituted Derivatives through Hydrogen Radical Abstraction Reactions4	Access to 1,2-Disubstituted Derivatives Exploiting Metal-Catalyzed (Promoted) C–H Activations5	Access to 1,2-Disubstituted Derivatives via Hydride Shift6	Conclusion7	Acronyms
Heterogeneous Presentation of Neonatal Hemochromatosis in Dichorionic Twins
Authors: Chee Yee , Wong Siu Chun , Wong Ming Sum 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) in neonates is rare. Although the incidence is reported to be rare, neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) has to be considered as one of the causes of neonatal ALF. We present a pair of dichorionic twin who had a diverse clinical presentation of NH. One twin passed away despite medical treatment with exchange transfusion and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), whereas the other twin suffered from only mildly deranged liver function, which normalized spontaneously. Early identification of liver failure and clinical awareness of this disease entity are essential to its timely diagnosis and treatment. Antenatal management using IVIg prevents the recurrence of NH in subsequent pregnancies.
Staphylococcus aureuscoagulases are exploitable yet stable public goods in clinically relevant conditions
Authors: Trivedi Urvish , Madsen Jonas S. , Everett Jake , Fell Cody , Russel Jakob , Haaber Jakob , Crosby Heidi A. , Horswill Alexander R. , Burmølle Mette , Rumbaugh Kendra P. , Sørensen Søren J. 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceClotting of blood is not exclusive to host physiology; pathogens are also able to generate clots as part of their life cycle. Here, we show that coagulases, enzymes responsible for bacteria-mediated clotting, can act as public goods in clinical conditions. Coagulases, secreted by producers, generate protective layers of fibrin around the bacteria, shielding them from antimicrobials and host immune factors. Remarkably, we find that this protection is also conferred onto strains that do not produce coagulases but still benefit from those made by others. Although this is a social trait, overexploitation of coagulases does not occur due to spatial segregation and population viscosity. Our study provides a social evolution perspective on the critical role of coagulases.
TRPV1 pore turret dictates distinct DkTx and capsaicin gating
Authors: Geron Matan , Kumar Rakesh , Zhou Wenchang , Faraldo-Gómez José D. , Vásquez Valeria , Priel Avi 
Published: November 2018

Significance
The TRPV1 channel integrates noxious stimuli from multiple sources to evoke an appropriate pain response. However, while different stimuli evoke distinct channel activation, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aim at elucidating the structural determinants that regulate the different TRPV1 responses to two toxins: capsaicin and double-knot toxin (DkTx). We found that the channel pore turret domain imposes two opposite effects on the responses to these toxins. While it restricts the ion conductance of the DkTx-evoked current, it stabilizes the open channel state evoked by capsaicin. Together, our results indicate that TRPV1 pore turret dictates different gating mechanisms in response to agonists acting through different binding domains.
Measurability of the epidemic reproduction number in data-driven contact networks
Authors: Liu Quan-Hui , Ajelli Marco , Aleta Alberto , Merler Stefano , Moreno Yamir , Vespignani Alessandro 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceThe analysis of real epidemiological data has raised issues of the adequacy of the classic homogeneous modeling framework and quantities, such as the basic reproduction number in real-world situations. Based on high-quality sociodemographic data, here we generate a multiplex network describing the contact pattern of the Italian and Dutch populations. By using a microsimulation approach, we show that, for epidemics spreading on realistic contact networks, it is not possible to define a steady exponential growth phase and a basic reproduction number. We show the operational use of the instantaneous reproduction rate as a good descriptor of the transmission dynamics.
Tissue-specific contributions of
Tmem79
to atopic dermatitis and mast cell-mediated histaminergic itch
Authors: Emrick Joshua J. , Mathur Anubhav , Wei Jessica , Gracheva Elena O. , Gronert Karsten , Rosenblum Michael D. , Julius David 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease affecting children, but the mechanisms underlying the accompanying itch remain poorly understood. Indeed, treatments to alleviate itch in AD and the substantial morbidity it represents for patients are often unsuccessful. Here, we shed light on a form of AD associated with the loss of Tmem79 and provide insights into cellular and molecular players in this genetically driven form of the disease that has been described in mice and humans. We propose a link between this inherited form of AD and the recognized contribution of oxidative stress to this disease. Our analysis may suggest pharmacological strategies for treating patients who suffer from AD and bear mutations in Tmem79.
Exposure of the extracellular matrix and colonization of the ovary in metastasis of fallopian-tube-derived cancer
Authors: Dean Matthew , Jin Vivian , Russo Angela , Lantvit Daniel D , Burdette Joanna E 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) can originate in the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), but the role of the ovary in these tumors is unclear. Tumorigenic murine oviductal epithelial (MOE) cells allografted in the ovarian bursa resulted in aggressive tumors that spread throughout the peritoneum whereas intraperitoneal xenografting the same number of cells did not form tumors, indicating that colonization of the ovary may play a role in metastasis. Physical tearing of the ovarian surface to mimic rupture of the ovary during ovulation (independent of hormonal changes) resulted in more MOE and HGSOC cells adhering to the ovary compared with intact ovaries. More MOE cells also adhered to three-dimensional (3D) collagen and primary ovarian stromal cells than to ovarian surface epithelia, indicating that FTE cells adhered to the extracellular matrix exposed during ovulation. However, plating cells on 3D collagen reduced the viability of normal FTE but not cancer cells. Mutation of p53 (R273H or R248W) and activation of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) (G12V) did not increase the viability of MOE cells on 3D collagen. In contrast, loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) allowed MOE cells to retain normal viability on 3D collagen. Loss of PTEN activated AKT and RAC1/c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling that each contributed to the increased viability, invasion and attachment in the collagen rich ovarian microenvironment. These results show that loss of PTEN activates multiple pathways that together enhance colonization of the ovary due to access to 3D collagen, which is a critical organ in the colonization of FTE-derived HGSOC.