Abstract 1164: Expression of Notch and Nodal embryonic components in BRAF- and RAS-like thyroid cancer cell lines
Authors: Dantonio Paola M. , Fuziwara Cesar Seigi , Saito Kelly C. , Kimura Edna T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
TCGA genomic study in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) samples highlights two groups of tumors: BRAF-like and RAS-like, whose genotype might influence its biological behavior. The mechanisms behind progressive loss of thyroid differentiation, observed mainly in the most aggressive histotype anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), could be associated with the reactivation of embryonic signaling and acquisition of stem cell-like phenotype. In this study we focused on Notch and Nodal embryonic signaling pathways, which are crucial for stemness maintenance in embryonic cells and has also been linked to cancer cell stemness. By assessing the expression of Notch and Nodal pathway components in BRAF- and RAS-like cell lines, we sought to investigate if the reactivation of these pathways is involved in dedifferentiation mechanisms observed in ATC. For that purpose, RNA and protein were extracted from three PTC (TPC-1, BCPAP and K1), six ATC (KTC2, SW1736, C643, Hth7, Hth74 and Hth83) and non-tumoral (Nthy-ori 3-1) cell lines. For gene expression analysis, cDNA generate from mRNA was amplified by qPCR using specific primers for NOTCH1, NOTCH4, HES1, NUMB, CER1 and LEFTY1/2. For protein expression analysis, SDS-PAGE-fractionated proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane, incubated with anti-Nodal antibody and visualized by chemoluminescence. NOTCH1 was downregulated in BRAF-like PTC cell lines, while slightly overexpressed in RET/PTC-containing TPC-1. On the other hand, NOTCH1 was overexpressed in Hth83 and C643 ATC lines, both HRAS-mutated, and also in BRAF-mutated SW1736. NOTCH4 was overexpressed in PI3K-mutated K1 and all ATC cell lines. Transcription repressor HES1, which prevents cell cycle arrest by inhibiting p27, was highly expressed in all cell lines compared to Nthy. Levels of NUMB expression were elevated in all ATC cell lines with no difference between BRAF- and RAS-mutated, but were inversely related to those of HES1, as expected for a Notch pathway inhibitor. CER1 and LEFTY1/2, which encode Nodal inhibitors, were highly expressed in ATC cell lines (4/6 and 5/6, respectively) but with no apparent distinction between BRAF- and RAS-mutated cells. At the same time, Nodal protein levels are only upregulated in TP53-mutated BCPAP and C643, suggesting that alterations in MAPK components are not sufficient to promote Nodal overexpression. Our results show re-expression of Notch embryonic signaling components in both PTC and ATC cell lines with either BRAF or RAS oncogenes. Moreover, additional genetic alterations such as in PI3K and TP53 might also interfere with the expression of both Notch and Nodal components. We therefore highlight the importance of tumor genotype, which might determine the modulation of embryonic-related genes and therefore contribute to the undifferentiated phenotype in thyroid cancer. Financial support: FAPESP and CNPq.
Citation Format: Paola M. Dantonio, Cesar Seigi Fuziwara, Kelly C. Saito, Edna T. Kimura. Expression of Notch and Nodal embryonic components in BRAF- and RAS-like thyroid cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1164.