bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second Events After Curative‐Intent Treatment for Lip Cancer: Navigating the Path of Follow‐Up Care
Authors: Girardi Fábio Muradás , de Farias Gabriel Amanda , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Martins Manoela Domingues 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the pattern, risk, and treatment of subsequent events after curative‐intent treatment of lip cancer.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 313 patients treated for lip cancer from 2011 to 2021 in a tertiary oncological center.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up time of 29.16 months, 145 (46.32%) patients presented with second primary tumors, 93% of which were skin carcinomas. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 7.9% of cases, with 2.5% with nodal recurrence. The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year cumulative second primary tumor probabilities were 32.8%, 60.92%, and 70.92%, respectively. A higher risk was observed in elderly patients and basal cell carcinoma cases located on the cutaneous surface of the upper lip. Regional metastasis but not second primary tumors negatively impacted survival.ConclusionsOur study helps fill a literature gap, structuring specific recommendations regarding evaluations and follow‐up protocols for patients with lip cancer. Since cutaneous second primary tumors were the most common second event, standard skin examination is key. Age and histology were significant predictors for second primary tumors. For cases of locally advanced lip squamous cell carcinoma, standard guidelines for head and neck cancer must be followed.
Newton in the poetry of Friedrich Schiller
Authors: Sieling Villads Wjac 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article attempts to explain the peculiar role of Isaac Newton in the poetry of Friedrich Schiller. I show that Newtonian ideas appear from the earliest poems in Anthologie auf das Jahr 1782 wherein gravity is used mainly as a metaphor for love. Newton is made a culprit, in Schiller's cosmological poems, for the destruction of the spheres and for the poet's despair in the ‘empty’, Newtonian universe. I chart the changing role of Newton in the later poetry of Schiller, where it is mainly his Opticks that interests the poet, who at this point has a thoroughly negative idea of the scientist, probably inspired by Goethe. Newton's famous experiment with the prism is figured as being the opposite of the poetry with which Schiller sought to unify (rather than refract) nature.
The Next 2 Billion: Can the World Support 10 Billion People?
Authors: Lam David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe UN projects that world population will peak at 10.3 billion in 2084, a 2.1 billion increase from 2024. Can the world provide food, water, and other resources to 10.3 billion people? How will additional population exacerbate resource challenges and worsen climate change? This paper analyzes these questions by looking at the last 60 years and by simulating the future impact of population growth and rising incomes on food, water, energy, and CO2 emissions. Looking back, food production has increased faster than the population in all regions, and we have not experienced significant shortages in nonrenewable resources. The history of water and CO2 emissions is less encouraging, however, with declining water levels in many aquifers and global warming threatening to undermine progress in all areas. Looking forward, population growth will be concentrated in poor countries, while rich countries, with higher consumption levels and emissions, will experience population decline. Population growth is projected to significantly increase demand for food and water in coming decades but is projected to have only modest impacts on energy and CO2, with population decline in high‐emission higher income countries more than offsetting the impact of population growth in low‐emission lower‐income countries.
A visible seedling‐stage screening system for the Brassica napus hybrid breeding by a novel hypocotyl length‐regulated gene BnHL
Authors: Fu Jingyan , Zhang Ying , Yin Meng , Liu Sha , Xu Ziyue , Wu Mingting , Ni Zihan , Li Peiyao , Zhu Ruijia , Cai Guangqin , Wang Maolin , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2024

SummaryRapeseed (Brassica napus) is a globally significant oilseed crop with strong heterosis performance. Recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) is one of the key approaches for utilizing heterosis in B. napus. However, this method faces the inherent challenge of being time‐consuming and labour‐intensive for removing fertile plants during seed production. Here, we report a hypocotyl length‐regulated gene, BnHL, which is closely linked to a known fertility gene, BnMs2, serving as a seedling morphology marker. This marker could be used to identify fertile plants in the breeding of RGMS lines based on hypocotyl traits. By targeting the BnHL gene, both homozygous and heterozygous edited mutants exhibited significantly longer hypocotyls than the wild type (WT). Furthermore, germination experiments revealed that 7 days after seed germination, the difference in hypocotyl length between the mutant and the WT seedlings reached its maximum, effectively distinguishing fertile plants under both white (W) and red/far‐red (R/FR) light. Mutations in BnHL did not result in significant changes in main agronomic traits. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive strategy for screening and identifying a new morphological marker gene for early screening in RGMS hybrid breeding with completely non‐transgene during the whole production.
Genome‐Wide Association Mapping and Genomic Prediction of Septoria nodorum Blotch Resistance in Central European Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Berisha Pranvera , Michel Sebastian , Löschenberger Franziska , Ametz Christian , Bistrich Herbert , Bürstmayr Hermann 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSeptoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is a fungal disease of wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum (Berk.), considered as one of the most devastating fungal diseases affecting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The complex inheritance of resistance to SNB poses significant challenges to breeding programmes. Improving selection precision and identifying novel resistance QTLs are crucial for enhancing SNB resistance. This study investigated strategies for crop genetic improvement, including genome‐wide association mapping (GWAS) and genomic prediction (GP), within a practical breeding programme. A population of 1500 winter wheat breeding lines was phenotyped for SNB resistance over 5 years across 19 geographical locations under natural infection conditions. Despite highly unbalanced breeder's data, medium to high heritabilities for SNB resistance were achieved. GWAS identified 11 significant marker‐trait associations for SNB resistance across Chromosomes 2A, 2B, 4B, 4D, 5D and 7B. GP fivefold cross‐validation analysis revealed a predictive ability of 0.52 for SNB resistance. The resistant wheat genotypes and SNP markers identified in this study will be valuable assets for future breeding efforts to enhance SNB resistance in wheat.
Transport of ‘Nama’‐type biota in sediment gravity and combined flows: Implications for terminal Ediacaran palaeoecology
Authors: O'Connell Brennan , McMahon William J. , Nduutepo Andreas , Pokolo Paulina , Mocke Helke , McMahon Sean , Boddy Catherine E. , Liu Alexander G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe lower Nama Group in southern Namibia contains trace fossils and soft‐bodied and biomineralized macro‐organisms from the terminal Ediacaran Period (ca 550 to 539 Ma), offering insights into early metazoan evolution. Interpretation of the fossilized Nama Group organisms as being preserved in, or very close to, the environments in which they originally lived has yielded insights into organism feeding habits, reproduction and life histories. Sedimentological evidence presented here reveals that typical ‘Nama‐type’ Ediacaran macro‐fossils (Cloudina, Ernietta, Pteridinium and Rangea) in the Dabis and Zaris formations of the Witputz Sub‐basin seldom preserve organisms in life position in their original palaeoenvironments. Both soft‐bodied and biomineralizing organisms were transported in sediment gravity flows (debris flows, turbidity flows and transitional debris flow‐turbidity flow ‘hybrid’ event beds) or combined flow (hummocky cross‐strata) to their terminal environment of deposition in shoreface and offshore shelf settings. Transport has placed studied beds and their associated macro‐organisms in depositional settings detached from the original life habitat, with macro‐organisms sourced from shallower‐water, up‐slope environments. Integrated sedimentological and palaeontological data indicate that the Nama Group may not provide a high‐fidelity record of original Nama ecosystems. Individual macro‐organisms are clasts within beds, and can be horizontal, imbricated or chaotic in orientation. Transport can blend different communities at various scales (bed, outcrop and basin), complicating interpretations of life habitats, species interactions and taxon‐specific ecology, such as feeding behaviour and life position of organisms. Recognition of organism transport also impacts datasets used for comparing global Ediacaran fossil assemblages, with implications for tracking spatial and temporal patterns in early animal evolution.
The Novel HLA‐C Allele, HLA‐C*14:153, Identified in a Kidney Transplantation Recipient
Authors: Yang John Jeongseok , Kim Si‐Hwan , Oh Heung‐Bum 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐C*14:153 differs from HLA‐C*14:02:01:01 by a non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
The Effective Elastic Thickness of the Lithosphere Reveals Tectonic Process and Lithospheric Rheology of the Eurasian Basin
Authors: Ling Zi‐Long , Liu Hong‐Qin , Zhao Li‐Hong , Zhang Tao , Li Chao‐Yang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe obtained the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere (Te) in the Eurasian Basin using the fan‐shaped wavelet method. For ultraslow spreading ridges, the magmatic heat input is insufficient to form continuous quasisteady‐state magma lenses along the axis, resulting in significant variability in the rheological strength of the lithosphere. We suggested that the tectonic inheritance resulted in the different lithospheric rheology of WVZ and SMZ, consequently leading to distinct tectonic‐magmatic activities. The SMZ with less magmatic activity has a weaker lithosphere than that of the EVZ with extensive magmatism. We propose that the lithospheric rheology and thermal structure of ultraslow spreading ridge may be influenced not by the amount of magma supply but by the mode of magma emplacement.
Clinical findings and prognostic factors for immediate survival in 33 dogs undergoing surgery for biliary peritonitis
Authors: Renaud Solène , Freire Mila , O'Toole Elizabeth , Huneault Louis , Llido Marie , Ringwood Brendon , Juette Tristan , Gagnon Dominique 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo report demographics, clinical signs, physical examination, diagnostic test results, surgical findings, and prognostic factors for in‐hospital postoperative mortality following biliary peritonitis surgery in dogs.Study designRetrospective, multi‐institutional cohort study.AnimalsThirty‐three client‐owned dogs.MethodsThe medical records of dogs that underwent surgery for biliary peritonitis between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a definitive diagnosis of biliary peritonitis and a surgery report. Information on demographics, clinical signs and duration, physical examination findings, laboratory and diagnostic imaging results, surgery, perioperative medical treatment, and complications for each patient was obtained. Statistical analyses were performed to identify risk factors that affected survival.ResultsCholecystectomy was the procedure most frequently performed (31/33, 94%). The overall mortality rate was 36% (12/33). Survival was affected negatively by hyperbilirubinemia (p = .049), administration of vasopressors (p = .002), renal dysfunction (p = .008), and number of postoperative complications (p = .005). A mortality rate of 50% was observed in dogs with a total bilirubin level greater than 60.5 μmol/L. There was no difference in mortality rate between septic and nonseptic biliary effusions.ConclusionNew prognostic factors associated with in‐hospital postoperative mortality in dogs treated surgically for biliary peritonitis were identified, while others that had been reported previously were confirmed. A preoperative bilirubin threshold value associated with a 50% mortality was identified.Clinical significanceAdditional information that could help to predict survival in dogs with biliary peritonitis has been provided. However, further research is warranted.
Enhanced inhibitory input to triceps brachii in humans with spinal cord injury
Authors: Butler Carley L. P. , Sangari Sina , Chen Bing , Perez Monica A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMost individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) show increased muscle weakness in the elbow extensor compared to elbow flexor muscles. Although this is a well‐known functional deficit, the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this question, we measured the suppression of voluntary electromyographic activity (svEMG; a measurement thought to reflect changes in intracortical inhibition) by applying low‐intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation over the arm representation of the primary motor cortex during 10% of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) into elbow flexion or extension in individuals with and without chronic cervical SCI. We found that the svEMG latency and duration were not different between the biceps and triceps brachii in controls but prolonged in the triceps in individuals with SCI. The svEMG area was larger in the triceps compared to the biceps in both groups and further increased in SCI participants, suggesting a pronounced intracortical inhibitory input during elbow extension. A negative correlation was found between svEMG area and MVCs indicating that control and SCI participants with lower svEMG area had larger MVCs. The svEMG area was not different between 5% and 30% of MVC, making it less probable that differences in muscle strength between groups contributed to our results. These findings support the existence of strong inhibitory input to corticospinal projections controlling elbow extensor compared to flexor muscles, which is more pronounced after chronic cervical SCI.
imageKey points
After cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), people often recover function in elbow flexor, but much less in elbow extensor muscles. The neural mechanisms contributing to this difference remain unknown.
We measured the suppression of voluntary electromyographic activity (svEMG) elicited through low‐intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (assumed to reflect changes in intracortical inhibition) in the biceps and triceps muscles in controls and individuals with cervical chronic incomplete SCI.
We found increased svEMG area in the triceps compared to the biceps in controls and SCI participants, with this measurement being even more pronounced in the triceps after SCI. The svEMG area correlated with maximal voluntary contraction values in both groups, suggesting the people with lesser inhibition had larger motor output.
Our results support the presence of strong cortical inhibitory input to corticospinal projections controlling elbow extensor compared to elbow flexors muscles after cervical SCI.
Study on Experimental Analysis and Effects of Structural Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades Measuring Deflection and Frequency
Authors: Flores William J. , Lee Hoe-Gil , Ruiz Silverio V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Wind turbines are an efficient method to generate electrical energy without the pollution of gas and chemical compounds into the environment. Turbine blades are the most important facet of the turbine, taking wind energy and converting it into electrical energy. Wind speed data was collected for North Texas to determine the wind velocity to experiment with prototyped wind blades. Eight different NACA profiles were chosen, from NACA 2408 - 2424, to measure the stresses and vibrational frequencies as these characteristics are two major variables affecting wind turbine power production. The eight wind blades were 3D printed with ABS filament and attached to strain gauges and piezoelectric vibrational sensors. The sensor and blade assembly was then placed into a wind tunnel to measure the magnitude of strain and amplitude of vibrations at five different angles of attack and eight different wind speed velocities for each NACA 24 blade. Data from the wind turbine blades were compared against each blade to determine the optimum blade with desirable aspects of low-frequency amplitude, low strain magnitude, and high RPMs relative to the maximum percent thickness of the airfoil to conclude which NACA 24 blade design in this study has the highest energy production possible.
Predicting and Preventing Risk of Vibration Induced Failures in Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG)
Authors: Fabricius Andreas , Malloy James , Taylor Mark , Moelling David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Vibration-induced problems on Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) are observed at numerous plants. Here the focus is on vibration caused by the gas turbine exhaust gas, which can lead in some cases to significant damage and/or failures to the internal pressure parts (piping, tube modules), structures and casing. The different types of flow-induced vibration mechanisms, such as turbulent buffeting, vortex shedding, fluid-elastic instability etc. are described in some detail. Analytical techniques to evaluate the risk of their occurring and predicting their magnitude and how these can be applied to different HRSG designs are described. Strategies for assessing the impact of vibration in the field are presented, with guidance on conducting effective visual inspections and how to plan and perform in-service vibration measurements. A selection of real-life case studies from plants in the USA, Middle East and South-East Asia are used for illustration, comprising several types of vibration-induced failures, results of inspections and in-service measurements. The cases presented illustrate the importance of how the knowledge and experience of the boiler designer regarding vibration risks are key to avoiding significant economic losses to the owner/operator, given that the cost impact of repairs to the asset can be very significant. A set of recommendations is provided for improvements in HRSG designs based on these field cases.
CFD Analysis of Additively Manufactured Conformal Cooling Channels for the Stator of a Direct Drive Generator
Authors: Vennard Henry , Hayes Austin C. , Whiting Gregory L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One of the largest sources of power loss within a direct drive wind turbine generator is the copper loss due to ohmic heating in the stator coils. This paper presents a thermal analysis of additively manufactured conformal cooling channels in the stator back iron as a means of cooling the stator. Cooling through the stator body as opposed to direct liquid cooling of the coils in slots allows for easier generator assembly and isolation of magneto-electric components. Temperatures can be reduced leading to the ability to increase the current density or lower the copper loss. Conformal cooling channels provide an effective cooling solution that can be optimized and incorporated within standard industry cooling solutions. This paper compares cooling channel performance in several different configurations using design of experiments (DoE) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software. Three different cooling channel layouts were considered: parallel, series and honeycomb. The parallel and series layouts use parallel and series fluid flow respectively. The honeycomb layout incorporates a hexagonal pattern to uniformly distribute fluid. The series layout maintained a surface temperature of 31 °C while at the same flow rate the parallel and honeycomb layouts maintained temperatures of 160 °C and 155 °C respectively. At the selected flow rate of 168 L/min, the pressure drop for the series, parallel, and honeycomb configurations was 5239 kPa, 45 kPa, 414 kPa respectively. An analytical model was also created to compare the configurations within two leading industry cooling systems. The work suggests that additively manufactured conformal cooling channels incorporated into the stator of direct drive generators allows a reduction in winding temperature advantageous to direct drive electric machines.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Benčin Tim , Avsec Jurij , Novosel Urška 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nuclear power plant can be a key pillar of a country’s energy supply. In their operation, it is necessary to follow the efficient use of the primary energy source. Using the thermodynamic analysis of energy and exergy flows in a nuclear power plant, we calculated the energy and exergy efficiency. With comparison of final electrical energy and internal energy of nuclear fuel we hand the energy efficiency for chosen power station. This has significant meaning. However, a nuclear power plant is an example of power station, that operates generally on principle of heat transfer. At that irreversibility and thus loss of exergy occur, so a clearer and more meaningful picture of the efficient use of nuclear fuel is shown by exergy efficiency. This is describing relationship between exergy of output electric current and exergy of nuclear fuel. The main goal of our research work was to observe the energy and exergy flows and their loses on the built model of the nuclear power plant. Based on the findings, we gave energy and exergy efficiency for individual assembly and the whole plant. By comparing the two efficiency evaluation criteria, we researched where deviations occur between energy and exergy efficiency. The essence of such an analysis is the data that clearly show us the places where we lose energy or exergy. With such knowledge, we can discuss on theoretical possibilities of improvements on individual assemblies of power station, which would upgrade the existing efficiency of the entire nuclear power plant. For the set model in our research, the energy efficiency was found to be 33.7% and the exergy efficiency 46.8%.
Optical Performance of a Novel Tube-Bundle Cavity Receiver for Solar Parabolic Trough Collectors
Authors: Ebadi Hossein , Kamfiroozi Shahdad , Cammi Antonio , Savoldi Laura 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Solar parabolic trough collectors (PTC) are one of the mature technologies that have increased the share of solar energy in the power sector. Having a working temperature in the range of 200 to 500 °C, PTC systems can be integrated whether as a direct steam generator using water as the heat transfer fluid or with a Rankine cycle turbine by means of a heat exchanger and other heat transfer fluids such as air, molten salts, oils and nanofluid. In this research, a novel concept of a tube-bundle cavity receiver is investigated using optical simulations through SolTrace software. The obtained results proved that the tube-bundle cavity absorber will increase the average and the peak flux reaching the receiving area by near 100%. Then the optical modelling was validated for the parabolic trough solar collector of LS-2 and the results showed a very good agreement with the literature, concerning the optical criteria.