bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in associations between prescription opioid use disorder and illegal behaviors among adults in the United States from 2002 to 2014
Authors: Mintz Carrie M. , Hartz Sarah M. , Borodovsky Jacob T. , Bierut Laura J. , Grucza Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsIn the United States, the availability of prescription opioids has decreased in recent years. Whether there have been corresponding changes in the likelihood of people with prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) to engage in illegal behaviors related to drug use remains unknown. We examined changes in prevalence of illegal behaviors between people with and without POUD over time, and how transactions for obtaining opioids have changed among people with POUD over time.DesignTemporal trend analysis of repeated cross‐sectional data.SettingUnited States household dwelling population from all 50 states and District of Columbia.ParticipantsAdult subsamples from the 2002–14 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (n = 5393 people with POUD; n = 486 768 people without POUD).MeasurementsOutcome variables were selected illegal behaviors and sources of opioids used non‐medically. POUD was defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria. Time was treated as a continuous variable. The variable of interest for each illegal behavior analysis was the interaction between POUD diagnosis and time. Covariates included age, sex and race/ethnicity.FindingsDuring the 13‐year period examined, the adjusted interaction odds ratio (AIOR) describing the change in association between POUD and selling illicit drugs increased by a factor of 2.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56–3.71, P < 0.001]. Similar trends were noted for stealing (AIOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.31–3.44, P = 0.002) and for life‐time history of arrest (AIOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.06–2.19, P = 0.021). People with POUD became less likely to receive opioids for free from friends and family [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.25–0.71, P = 0.001] and more likely to buy them from friends and family (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.76–6.13, P < 0.001) from 2005 to 2014.ConclusionsIn the United States, against a backdrop of a decreasing prescription opioid supply, rates of some crimes potentially related to drug use increased among people with prescription opioid use disorder compared with those without prescription opioid use disorder from 2002 to 2014.
Revisiting structure/functions of the human epididymis
Authors: Sullivan R. , Légaré C. , Lamontagne‐Proulx J. , Breton S. , Soulet D. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe epididymis is the hallmark of all vertebrate species practicing internal fertilization. While the functions of the epididymis are well documented in laboratory rodents and some domestic animals, the structure and functions of the epididymis in humans remain poorly documented.ObjectivesUsing human tissues obtained with the collaboration of our local organ transplantation program, the histology, cell types, and three‐dimensional organization of the excurrent duct were investigated. Microarrays were performed to determine the gene expression pattern along the human epididymis.Materials and methodsThe histology of longitudinal sections of the proximal epididymis was described, and immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies was used to characterize cell types of the efferent duct and caput epididymis epithelia. The epididymis was divided into eight segments permitting gene profiling by microarray and gene ontology analysis.ResultsThe proximal region of the human epididymis is formed exclusively by efferent ducts. These ducts form a complex histological structure particularly at the junction of the efferent ducts and caput epididymis. The efferent ducts exhibit a specific cellular signature when compared with the adjacent epididymis tubule. Efferent duct gene expression is not segmented and is dedicated to cilium differentiation and movement. The gene expression pattern of the caput segment is homogeneous and specialized in defense and immune responses and fertilization.DiscussionIn murine species, the epididymis is segmented into the initial segment, caput, corpus, and cauda regions, whereas in humans, the proximal region is formed by efferent ducts. The caput tubules have their own histological organization with a well‐defined gene expression pattern. The distal corpus and cauda epididymis are distinct by a limited number of differentially expressed genes.ConclusionsKnowledge of epididymis functions and structure obtained using laboratory species should be extrapolated to humans with caution.
Nationwide population‐based study showed that the rotavirus vaccination had no impact on the incidence of biliary atresia in Korea
Authors: Lee Jee Hyun , Ahn Hyeong Sik , Han Seungjin , Swan Heather S. , Lee Yoon , Kim Hyun Jung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimRotaviruses have been associated with biliary atresia. This study investigated whether the rotavirus vaccine, which was introduced to Korea in 2008, had an impact on the incidence of biliary atresia.MethodsWe identified all rotavirus infections (n = 436 826) and biliary atresia cases (n = 528) diagnosed from 2006 to 2015 from insurance and health databases. The annual and seasonal incidence of biliary atresia and rotavirus infection rates in neonates and children were calculated. The difference in the risk of biliary atresia between rotavirus‐infected and non‐infected neonates was analysed.ResultsThe incidence of rotavirus infections was 20.6 versus 13.4 per 1000 cases before (2006–2008) and after (2009–2015) vaccine implementation. However, neonatal rotavirus infection rates did not decrease, with an incidence of 14.5 versus 14.8 per 1000 cases before and after vaccination. The biliary atresia incidence remained constant at 12.0 per 100 000 cases. Rotavirus infections in neonates were a risk factor for biliary atresia (odds ratio 3.14, 95% confidence interval 1.87–5.26).ConclusionRotavirus vaccination had no impact on the incidence of biliary atresia, possibly because the vaccination did not change the neonatal rotavirus infection rate through herd immunity. However, rotavirus infections in neonates were significantly associated with biliary atresia.
Optimizing collagenase Clostridium histolyticum therapy for Peyronie’s disease using a novel approach with percutaneous needle tunnelling
Authors: Fernández‐Pascual Esaú , González‐García Francisco Javier , Angulo Javier , Cerezo Eugenio , Quintana Luis M. , Turo Jorge , Martínez‐Ballesteros Claudio , Carballido Joaquín , Martínez‐Salamanca Juan Ignacio 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of a combined treatment of percutaneous needle tunnelling (PNT) and a modified collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) protocol (PNT/CCH) vs the modified protocol alone (CCH) in the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD).Patients and MethodsA prospective registry of patients treated with a modified CCH protocol was maintained between June 2014 and February 2018. The last 50 patients received PNT as an adjuvant therapy (PNT/CCH), and their data were compared with those of the other 94 patients treated previously (CCH). PNT involves the creation of multiple holes made percutaneously in the plaque before each injection. The modified protocol consisted of two collagenase injections, at 1‐week intervals, followed by penile modelling. Patients used penile traction therapy, tadalafil and pentoxifylline for the next 2 months and were followed up for 6 months. The main outcome was improvement of curvature. Secondary outcomes were improvements in erectile function, PD symptoms, stretched penile length and satisfaction.ResultsImprovement in curvature was greater in patients in the PNT/CCH group than in the CCH group (mean ± sd 19.2 ± 6.1° vs 12.7 ± 5.0°; P < 0.001 [36.2 ± 12.5% vs 28.1 ± 14.5%; P = 0.001]). Compared with baseline, both interventions were associated with significant improvement in secondary outcomes. The main complications were ecchymosis, bruising and penile pain, with no significant differences between groups.ConclusionsTreatment of PD with CCH using our modified protocol in combination with PNT is safe and more effective than the modified protocol alone, with the potential for improved cost‐effectiveness.
Removal of simulated biofilm at different implant crown designs with interproximal oral hygiene aids: An in vitro study
Authors: Tuna Taskin , Kuhlmann Lena , Bishti Shaza , Sirazitdinova Ekaterina , Deserno Thomas , Wolfart Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the removal of simulated biofilm at two different implant‐supported restoration designs with various interproximal oral hygiene aids.MethodsMandibular models with a missing first molar were fabricated and provided with single implant analogues (centrally or distally placed) and two different crown designs (conventional [CCD] and alternative crown design [ACD]). Occlusion spray was applied to the crowns to simulate artificial biofilm. Thirty participants (dentists, dental hygienists, and laypersons) were equally divided and asked to clean the interproximal areas with five different cleaning devices to further evaluate if there were differences in their cleaning ability. The outcome was measured via standardized photos and the cleaning ratio, representing the cleaned surfaces in relation to the respective crown surface. Statistical analysis was performed by linear mixed‐effects model with fixed effects for cleaning tools, surfaces, crown design and type of participant, and random effects for crowns.ResultsThe mean cleaning ratio for the investigated tools and crown designs were (in%): Super floss: 76 ± 13/ACD and 57 ± 14/CCD (highest cleaning efficiency), followed by dental floss: 66 ± 13/ACD and 56 ± 15/CCD, interdental brush: 55 ± 10/ACD and 45 ± 9/CCD, electric interspace brush: 31 ± 10/ACD and 30 ± 1/CCD, microdroplet floss: 8 ± 9/ACD and 9 ± 8/CCD. There was evidence of an overall effect of each factor “cleaning tool,” “surface,” “crown design,” and “participant” (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsACD allowed more removal of the artificial biofilm than CCD with Super floss, dental floss, and interdental brush. Flossing and interproximal brushing were the most effective cleaning methods. A complete removal of the artificial biofilm could not be achieved in any group.
Histopathology of sabra dermatitis: A case report
Authors: Esmaeili Azadeh , Abbott Monica F. , Crowson A. Neil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSabra dermatitis (SD) is a form of irritant contact dermatitis caused by penetration of small, hair‐like glochids from Opuntia cactus into the skin. SD is a common problem among the farmers who are in close contact with prickly pears; however, the histopathologic criteria for this condition are not well defined. The purpose of this article is to present a well‐documented case of SD and to acquaint pathologists with the entity.
Does habitat occupancy by lake trout and lake whitefish in large lakes match published thermal habitat envelopes?
Authors: Challice Adam R. , Milne Scott W. , Ridgway Mark S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHabitat occupancy patterns of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in two large Canadian Shield lakes were modelled based on detections of fish from repeated depth‐stratified surveys over several summers. Lake trout and lake whitefish consistently occupied sites outside traditional thermal envelopes and were not detected at some sites within these ranges. This included the metalimnion and shallow epilimnion for lake trout and lake whitefish in Lake Opeongo. Physical habitat covariates were not important in defining lake trout habitat in both lakes. Physical habitat as represented by the hardness/softness gradient based on acoustic substrate surveys was important for lake whitefish in Lake Opeongo but not in Smoke Lake. In addition, thermal envelopes for lake whitefish differed between the lakes possibly because of differences in substrate slope. The wash zone of lakes, where the thermocline contacts the substrate, appears to be a physical habitat feature for lake whitefish in some lakes. Lake whitefish also exhibited diurnal activity behaviour that was reflected through greater detection rates in the morning versus the afternoon. By accounting for imperfect detection, true estimated overall occupancy of lake trout and lake whitefish increased 0.15–0.30 over naïve occupancy. Thermal habitat envelopes for lake trout and lake whitefish are wider than previously thought. Lake trout occupied a consistent thermal habitat envelope while lake whitefish varied between lakes likely because of lake specific differences in basin morphology and wash zone.
The percentage of high‐grade prostatic adenocarcinoma in prostate biopsies significantly improves on Grade Groups in the prediction of prostate cancer death
Authors: Berney Daniel M , Beltran Luis , Sandu Holly , Soosay Geraldine , Møller Henrik , Scardino Peter , Murphy Jacqueline , Ahmad Amar , Cuzick Jack ,   the Transatlantic Prostate Group
Published: April 2019

AimsIt has been recommended that the percentage of high‐grade (HG) Gleason patterns 4 and 5 should be quantified in prostate cancer. However, this has not been assessed in a cohort using prostate cancer death as an outcome, and there is debate as to whether the biopsy with the ‘worst’ percentage of HG disease or an ‘overall’ percentage of HG disease should be reported. Such data may assist in active surveillance decisions.Methods and resultsMen with clinically localised prostate cancer diagnosed by needle biopsy from 1990 to 2003 were included. The endpoint was prostate cancer death. Clinical variables included Gleason score (GS), prostate‐specific antigen level, age, clinical stage, and disease extent. Deaths were divided into those from prostate cancer and those from other causes, according to World Health Organization criteria. Nine hundred and eighty‐eight biopsy cases were centrally reviewed according to criteria agreed at the Chicago International Society of Urological Pathology conference in 2014. Cores were given individual GSs and Grade Groups (GGs), and a percentage of each grade was given for each core. Both the worst percentage of HG disease seen in a biopsy series and overall percentage of HG disease were calculated. The overall percentage of HG disease was highly significant, with a hazard ratio of 4.45 for the interquartile range (95% confidence interval 3.30–6.01, P < 2.2 × 10−16), and was similar to the percentage of HG disease seen in the worst core. In multivariate analysis, both were highly significant. GG2 cases with ≤5% Gleason pattern 4 showed similar survival to GG1 cases.ConclusionsThese data validate the use of percentage of HG disease to predict prostate cancer death. As both worst and overall percentage of HG disease are powerful predictors of outcome, either could be chosen to provide prognostic information.
Pricing decisions in a multiechelon supply chain under a bundling strategy
Authors: Eghbali‐Zarch Maryam , Taleizadeh Ata Allah , Tavakkoli‐Moghaddam Reza 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProduct pure bundling is an effective marketing strategy in real successful businesses, which has been extensively discussed in the economics and marketing areas. While investigating the theoretical and empirical aspects of operational and supply chain implications of pure bundling is essential, this paper determines the optimal pricing decisions in a centralized three‐level supply chain that consists of multiple raw material suppliers, a manufacturer and a retailer, and analyzes the impact of raw material suppliers and manufacturer operations and market characteristics on selecting the best pricing strategy. A general supply chain structure is considered, in which the manufacturer receives different raw materials from the suppliers, produces two different products, and then sells them separately, called no bundling strategy, and sells two products in a package, called pure bundling strategy, with uniformly distributed customer valuations. The proposed model finds the optimal pricing decisions of the mentioned supply chain under pure and no bundling strategies and derives the closed‐form solutions to explore the impact of each strategy on the performance of the chain due to its profit. Computational results and sensitivity analysis explain how pure bundling can be utilized as an operational strategy to improve the integrated supply chain profit through a case study. Accordingly, the final results indicate that small market size, low costs, and small amounts of required raw materials, bundling basic products with the premium ones makes the pure bundling strategy profitable even when the cost of the packages is more than the sum of the costs of two products.
Characterization of the lecithotrophic larval development of the temperate New Zealand asterinid Stegnaster inflatus
Authors: Zamora Leonardo N. , Delorme Natali J. , Byrne Maria , Borra Charlotte , Sewell Mary A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the family Asterinidae, development through a planktonic lecithotrophic brachiolaria larva is common and has evolved independently several times. Here, we describe the lecithotrophic development of the asterinid Stegnaster inflatus, a species endemic to New Zealand. Early development through the blastula and gastrula stages is short, with hatching at the brachiolaria stage occurring within 48 hr. After hatching, larvae are negatively buoyant, and without aeration remain near the bottom of the culture containers. The settled benthic juvenile stage was reached in ~2 weeks. The brachiolaria of S. inflatus shares common characteristics with the planktonic brachiolaria of other asterinids in that the brachiolar attachment apparatus comprises three brachia and a central adhesive disc, although the latter is thin and appears to be reduced. Mortensen (1925, Videns kabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i København, 79(15), 261‐420) had hypothesized that individuals of S. inflatus might brood within the “cave” formed in the interambulacral space between the arms. We found no evidence for brooding, but hypothesize that S. inflatus may have demersal development, on or near the bottom, which has implications for larval dispersal and population structure.
Curcumin induces apoptosis in JAK2‐mutated cells by the inhibition of JAK2/STAT and mTORC1 pathways
Authors: Petiti Jessica , Rosso Valentina , Lo Iacono Marco , Panuzzo Cristina , Calabrese Chiara , Signorino Elisabetta , Pironi Lucrezia , Cartellà Antonio , Bracco Enrico , Pergolizzi Barbara , Beltramo Tiziana , Fava Carmen , Cilloni Daniela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms are chronic myeloid cancers divided in Philadelphia positive and negative. The JAK2 V617F is the most common mutation in Philadelphia negative patients and results in a constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, conferring a proliferative advantage and apoptosis inhibition. Recent studies identified a functional crosstalk between the JAK/STAT and mTOR pathways. The identification of an effective therapy is often difficult, so the availability of new therapeutic approaches might be attractive. Previous studies showed that curcumin, the active principle of the Curcuma longa, can suppress JAK2/STAT pathways in different type of cancer and injuries. In this study, we investigated the anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects of curcumin in JAK2 V617F‐mutated cells. HEL cell line and cells from patients JAK2 V617F mutated have been incubated with increasing concentrations of curcumin for different time. Apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated. Subsequently, JAK2/STAT and AKT/mTOR pathways were investigated at both RNA and protein levels. We found that curcumin induces apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in HEL cells. Furthermore, we showed that curcumin inhibits JAK2/STAT and mTORC1 pathways in JAK2 V617F‐mutated cells. This inhibition suggests that curcumin could represent an alternative strategy to be explored for the treatment of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Phase transitions of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate in a polymer matrix and effects on vitamin degradation
Authors: Ismail Yahya , Mauer Lisa J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe phase transformations and stability of the two most common forms of vitamin C (ascorbic acid [AA] and sodium ascorbate) were explored in colyophilized polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer matrices. Solutions containing controlled vitamin:polymer ratios (0:100 to 100:0) were lyophilized and stored in controlled temperature (20–60°C) and relative humidity (0–85%RH) environments. Samples were analyzed over time using X‐ray diffraction to document physical state and high performance liquid chromatography to document vitamin degradation. Moisture sorption profiling, microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were also used to characterize the samples. Vitamins were more labile when amorphous than when crystalline, and sodium ascorbate was more labile than AA. Significant vitamin degradation occurred in the glassy state. All vitamins degraded significantly more when present at lower proportions in the amorphous solid dispersions, thus most degradation was found in the dispersions with the highest glass transition temperatures.Practical ApplicationsThe most common ingredient forms of vitamin C (ascorbic acid [AA] and sodium ascorbate) are likely to be amorphous in low moisture food products that were produced by first dissolving ingredients and then rapidly dehydrating the products. Challenges for product quality and shelf‐life are that: (a) both vitamin C forms were found to degrade in storage environments that maintained the products in the glassy amorphous state (which is desirable for the texture of many low moisture products), and (b) both vitamin forms degraded faster when present at lower proportions in the polymer matrices. In such conditions, AA was more stable than sodium ascorbate.
Interleukin‐6 in the central amygdala is bioactive and co‐localised with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor
Authors: Anesten Fredrik , Dalmau Gasull Adrià , Richard Jennifer E. , Farkas Imre , Mishra Devesh , Taing Lilly , Zhang Fuping , Poutanen Matti , Palsdottir Vilborg , Liposits Zsolt , Skibicka Karolina P. , Jansson John‐Olov 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeuronal circuits involving the central amygdala (CeA) are gaining prominence as important centres for regulation of metabolic functions. As a part of the subcortical food motivation circuitry, CeA is associated with food motivation and hunger. We have previously shown that interleukin (IL)‐6 can act as a downstream mediator of the metabolic effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor (R) stimulation in the brain, although the sites of these effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we used the newly generated and validated RedIL6 reporter mouse strain to investigate the presence of IL‐6 in the CeA, as well as possible interactions between IL‐6 and GLP‐1 in this nucleus. IL‐6 was present in the CeA, mostly in cells in the medial and lateral parts of this structure, and a majority of IL‐6‐containing cells also co‐expressed GLP‐1R. Triple staining showed GLP‐1 containing fibres co‐staining with synaptophysin close to or overlapping with IL‐6 containing cells. GLP‐1R stimulation enhanced IL‐6 mRNA levels. IL‐6 receptor‐alpha (IL‐6Rα) was found to a large part in neuronal CeA cells. Using electrophysiology, we determined that cells with neuronal properties in the CeA could be rapidly stimulated by IL‐6 administration in vitro. Moreover, microinjections of IL‐6 into the CeA could slightly reduce food intake in vivo in overnight fasted rats. In conclusion, IL‐6 containing cells in the CeA express GLP‐1R, are close to GLP‐1‐containing synapses, and demonstrate increased IL‐6 mRNA in response to GLP‐1R agonist treatment. IL‐6, in turn, exerts biological effects in the CeA, possibly via IL‐6Rα present in this nucleus.