bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation of Marginalized Youth in Designing a Machine Learning–Based Model to Identify Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Landau Aviv Y. , Espeleta Hannah , Mathiyazhagan Siva , Blanchard Ashley , Heider Paul , Cato Kenrick , Hanson Rochelle F. , Patton Desmond Upton , Lenert Leslie , Topaz Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Child abuse and neglect is a public health concern impacting youth throughout the world. Identifying child abuse and neglect in clinical practice can be challenging due to the lack of a “gold standard.” Existing racial and other biases may impact marginalized communities in reporting, identification, and intervention practices for child abuse. Extensive implementation of electronic health records in clinical settings has presented new opportunities for developing machine learning (ML)-based models to better identify potential child abuse and neglect. Despite these innovative advancements, ML-based models face ethical and performance challenges exacerbated by inherent racial biases. To develop an ethical and inclusive ML-based model for identifying child abuse and neglect in healthcare settings, we recommend involving marginalized youth as domain experts in the design and development. Including their lived experiences as expertise can aid ML developers in being reflexive and designing technological tools that apply a youth and social justice lens. This chapter will describe opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for future research for engaging marginalized youth and their communities in developing ML-based models to detect child abuse and neglect. Additionally, this chapter will provide recommendations to promote meaningful youth participation in the ML design, development, and deployment process.
Multiple Use of Forests
Authors: Tuulentie Seija , Bjärstig Therese , Hansen Inger , Lande Unni , McLean Paul , Pellikka Jani , Peltola Rainer , Zhang Jasmine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Sustainable forest management approaches, regardless of whether they involve continuous cover forestry (CCF) or rotation forestry (RF), require a holistic landscape perspective that acknowledges the multiple interests, values, and uses that depend on the locally relevant economic, ecological, and socio-cultural circumstances. These must be considered alongside the use of forests and forest landscapes as a resource for rural development.

Forests provide a wide range of goods and services. Those addressed here (i.e. tourism, recreation, health, grazing, non-timber forest products, and societal protection from natural hazards) are a subset of all of those potential services that are already considered to be of special significance for the Nordic region.

Most recreational users consider variation in the forest landscape and long-distance views as visually attractive but think that clearcuttings and soil tilling are harmful.

In general, CCF favours bilberries, while lingonberries and some mushrooms benefit from even-aged forestry.

Owing to the many and varied demands relating to forests and forest landscapes in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, CCF-supported multiple-use strategies and planning will need to consider stakeholder requirements more, now and in the future, than is currently the case.
Carbon Exchange, Storage and Sequestration
Authors: Högbom Lars , Lehtonen Aleksi , Nybakken Line , Repo Anna , Sarkkola Sakari , Strömgren Monika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Boreal forests sequester and store large amounts of carbon both above and below ground.

Forest management could influence carbon storage.

Differences between upland soils and peatlands are important. In peatlands, large amounts of carbon are stored in the peat, making them more susceptible to differences in forest management.

On peatlands, carbon balance is mostly determined by groundwater levels.

Carbon storage on both upland and peat soils depends on harvest intensity since most carbon losses, apart from harvested forest products, come from decomposition of roots and logging residues.

Scales in both space and time are both important considerations when estimating the effect on carbon balances.
Water Quality
Authors: Sarkkola Sakari , Nieminen Mika , Laudon Hjalmar , Clarke Nicholas , Hasselquist Eliza Maher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Conventional forest operations can exert significant impacts on the hydrology and water quality of downstream aquatic environments.

Few research results have been published on the impacts of continuous cover forestry (CCF) on water quality.

CCF could be useful for reducing nutrient, carbon, and suspended solid exports in waterways.

CCF may be a better alternative to rotation forestry (RF) on mineral soils and drained peatlands.

Further research is needed on the many processes controlling nutrient and carbon exports in CCF and RF.
Growth and Yield
Authors: Bianchi Simone , Brunner Andreas , Hanssen Kjersti Holt , Hökkä Hannu , Nilsson Urban , Fahlvik Nils , Hynynen Jari 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

There is still a lack of knowledge on growth and yield (G&Y) in continuous cover forestry (CCF). Most published studies are on the selection system with Norway spruce.

Published comparisons of the selection system with rotation forestry (RF) show contrasting results. Generally, there seems to be a trend toward faster stand growth in RF.

However, there are many uncertainties due to several confounding factors, such as stand-density effects, site-quality classification, and/or growth models used. Most studies do not properly account for all these factors, making it difficult to generalise their results.

The optimal stand density trade off for the selection system between stand growth and recruitment should be better investigated. Preliminary results show this could strongly affect stand growth.

There is even less knowledge related to G&Y during conversion, a potential bottleneck for full implementation of CCF in the region.
Financial Performance
Authors: Ahtikoski Anssi , Gong Peichen , Rørstad Per Kr , Viitala Esa-Jussi , Repola Jaakko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Financial comparisons between rotation forestry (RF) and continuous cover forestry (CCF) are based on simulations in which the growth and yield of trees is estimated using a growth simulator. These often include an optimisation tool to present the maximum value of the objective function (usually the present value of net income).

Studies have shown that the profitability of CCF depends on the initial state of a stand, especially the diameter distribution of the trees. The effect of interest discount rate also depends on the initial state.

As a rule, it is safe to say that the more the forest structure resembles the target diameter distribution of the trees in CCF (i.e., a forest with heterogeneous structures), the more profitable it is to shift from RF to CCF.

The more heterogeneous the tree structure on mineral soil, the higher the applied interest rate, the higher the forest establishment costs (soil preparation and cultivation), and the poorer the growth conditions (site type and temperature sum), the more profitable CCF is. Few studies have been found that focus on peatland forests.

Future financial studies should also consider risks associated with wind, harvesting, and insect and fungus damage as well as carbon payments and nontimber benefits
Wood Properties and Quality
Authors: Piispanen Riikka , Pyörälä Jiri , Valkonen Sauli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Trees in continuous cover forestry (CCF) typically form very narrow rings at young ages in suppressed positions but can grow very quickly at older ages in dominant positions, maintaining long-lived crowns.

CCF trees have slightly higher mean wood density in stems than rotation forestry (RF) trees.

CCF trees have better fiber properties for pulp than RF trees.

CCF trees have a relatively short stem section of small dead knots in sawn timber.

CCF trees have a relatively long section of large green knots in sawn timber.

Sawn goods produced from spruce logs yielded with the selection system do not differ markedly from those from RF.

The application of a shelterwood system with overstorey retention for Scots pine facilitates the production of very high-grade timber.
Cutting the scotogenic loop: adding flavor to dark matter
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Nath Newton , Srivastava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We introduce a framework for hybrid neutrino mass generation, wherein scotogenic dark sector particles, including dark matter, are charged non-trivially under the A4 flavor symmetry. The spontaneous breaking of the A4 group to residual $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$

Z
2

subgroup results in the “cutting” of the radiative loop. As a consequence the neutrinos acquire mass through the hybrid “scoto-seesaw” mass mechanism, combining aspects of both the tree-level seesaw and one-loop scotogenic mechanisms, with the residual $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$

Z
2

subgroup ensuring the stability of the dark matter. The flavor symmetry also leads to several predictions including the normal ordering of neutrino masses and “generalized μ − τ reflection symmetry” in leptonic mixing. Additionally, it gives testable predictions for neutrinoless double beta decay and a lower limit on the lightest neutrino mass. Finally, A4 → $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$

Z
2

breaking also leaves its imprint on the dark sector and ties it with the neutrino masses and mixing. The model allows only scalar dark matter, whose mass has a theoretical upper limit of ≲ 600 GeV, with viable parameter space satisfying all dark matter constraints, available only up to about 80 GeV. Conversely, fermionic dark matter is excluded due to constraints from the neutrino sector. Various aspects of this highly predictive framework can be tested in both current and upcoming neutrino and dark matter experiments.
Mixed QCD-EW corrections to W-pair production at electron-positron colliders
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Ren-You , Li Shu-Xiang , Wang Xiao-Feng , He Wen-Jie , Han Liang , Jiang Yi , Wang Qing-hai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discrepancy between the CDF measurement and the Standard Model theoretical prediction for the W-boson mass underscores the importance of conducting high-precision studies on the W boson, which is one of the predominant objectives of proposed future e+e− colliders. We investigate in detail the production of W-boson pairs at e+e− colliders, and compute the next-to-next-to-leading order mixed QCD-EW corrections to both the integrated cross section and various kinematic distributions. By employing the method of differential equations, we analytically calculate the two-loop master integrals for the mixed QCD-EW virtual corrections to e+e− → W+W−. Utilizing the Magnus transformation, we derive a set of canonical master integrals for each integral family. This canonical basis satisfies a system of differential equations in which the dependence on the dimensional regulator is linearly factorized from the kinematics. We then express all these canonical master integrals as Taylor series in ϵ up to ϵ4, with coefficients articulated in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms up to weight four. Upon applying our analytic expressions of these master integrals to the phenomenological analysis of W-pair production, we observe that the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ααs) corrections are significantly impactful in the α(0) scheme, particularly in certain phase-space regions. However, these mixed QCD-EW corrections can be heavily suppressed by adopting the Gμ scheme.
Mechanisms of ferroptotic and non-ferroptotic organ toxicity of chemotherapy: protective and therapeutic effects of ginger, 6-gingerol and zingerone in preclinical studies
Authors: Famurewa Ademola C. , Akhigbe Roland E. , George Mina Y. , Adekunle Yemi A. , Oyedokun Precious A. , Akhigbe Tunmise M. , Fatokun Amos A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemotherapy (CT) is one of the flagship options for the treatment of cancers worldwide. It involves the use of cytotoxic anticancer agents to kill or inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, despite its clinical efficacy, CT triggers side effect toxicities in several organs, which may impact cancer patient’s quality of life and treatment outcomes. While the side effect toxicity is consistent with non-ferroptotic mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial impairment and other aberrant signalling leading to apoptosis and necroptosis, recent studies show that ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic, iron-dependent cell death pathway, is also involved in the pathophysiology of CT organ toxicity. CT provokes organ ferroptosis via system Xc–/GPX-4/GSH/SLC7A11 axis depletion, ferritinophagy, iron overload, lipid peroxidation and upregulation of ferritin-related proteins. Cisplatin (CP) and doxorubicin (DOX) are common CT drugs indicated to induce ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Studies have explored natural preventive and therapeutic strategies using ginger rhizome and its major bioactive compounds, 6-gingerol (6G) and zingerone (ZG), to combat mechanisms of CT side effect toxicity. Ginger extract, 6G and ZG mitigate non-ferroptotic oxidative inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction mechanisms of CT side effect toxicity, but their effects on CT-induced ferroptosis remain unclear. Systematic investigations are, therefore, needed to unfold the roles of ginger, 6G and ZG on ferroptosis involved in CT side effect toxicity, as they are potential natural agents for the prevention of CT toxicity. This review reveals the ferroptotic and non-ferroptotic toxicity mechanisms of CT and the protective mechanisms of ginger, 6G and ZG against CT-induced, ferroptotic and non-ferroptotic organ toxicities.
Stopper vs. Singular Controller Games With Degenerate Diffusions
Authors: Bovo Andrea , De Angelis Tiziano , Palczewski Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study zero-sum stochastic games between a singular controller and a stopper when the (state-dependent) diffusion matrix of the underlying controlled diffusion process is degenerate. In particular, we show the existence of a value for the game and determine an optimal strategy for the stopper. The degeneracy of the dynamics prevents the use of analytical methods based on solution in Sobolev spaces of suitable variational problems. Therefore we adopt a probabilistic approach based on a perturbation of the underlying diffusion modulated by a parameter

$$\gamma >0$$

γ
>
0

. For each

$$\gamma >0$$

γ
>
0

the approximating game is non-degenerate and admits a value

$$u^\gamma $$

u
γ

and an optimal strategy

$$\tau ^\gamma _*$$

τ

∗

γ

for the stopper. Letting

$$\gamma \rightarrow 0$$

γ
→
0

we prove convergence of

$$u^\gamma $$

u
γ

to a function v, which identifies the value of the original game. We also construct explicitly optimal stopping times

$$\theta ^\gamma _*$$

θ

∗

γ

for

$$u^\gamma $$

u
γ

, related but not equal to

$$\tau ^\gamma _*$$

τ

∗

γ

, which converge almost surely to an optimal stopping time

$$\theta _*$$

θ

∗

for the game with degenerate dynamics.
Etablierung eines deutschen ICCR-Datensatzes
Authors: Dörenberg J. , Schmidt C. J. , Berlage T. , Knüchel-Clarke R. 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Für die Qualitätssicherung in der Pathologie ist die strukturierte Erfassung von Daten aus histopathologischen Befunden sowie die Interoperabilität dieser Daten von zentraler Bedeutung.

Methodik
Zur Harmonisierung des Inhalts der Befunde hat die International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) standardisierte Datensätze erstellt. Diese liegen noch nicht flächendeckend auf Deutsch vor. Hier wird diese Lücke am Beispiel des Usecase der transurethralen Blasenresektion (TUR-B) adressiert.

Ergebnisse
Wir beschreiben den Prozess der Etablierung der Datensätze durch Übersetzung, Einbindung von SNOMED-CT-Codes und Nutzung der Hierarchie in SNOMED zum Füllen der Felder des Datensatzes. Zusätzlich definieren wir Regeln zur Datenqualitätsprüfung anhand der TUR‑B.

Diskussion
Mit diesem Beitrag haben wir beispielhaft eine deutsche Version der ICCR-Datensatz TUR‑B inklusive Mapping auf die SNOMED-CT-Terminologie geschaffen. Weitere Schritte sollten nun in der abstrakten Modellierung von Erkrankungen liegen, um das in SNOMED CT liegende Potenzial weiter auszuschöpfen.
Peaks and Distributions of White Matter Tract-related Strains in Bicycle Helmeted Impacts: Implication for Helmet Ranking and Optimization
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Fahlstedt Madelen , Li Xiaogai , Kleiven Svein 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in cyclists is a growing public health problem, with helmets being the major protection gear. Finite element head models have been increasingly used to engineer safer helmets often by mitigating brain strain peaks. However, how different helmets alter the spatial distribution of brain strain remains largely unknown. Besides, existing research primarily used maximum principal strain (MPS) as the injury parameter, while white matter fiber tract-related strains, increasingly recognized as effective predictors for TBI, have rarely been used for helmet evaluation. To address these research gaps, we used an anatomically detailed head model with embedded fiber tracts to simulate fifty-one helmeted impacts, encompassing seventeen bicycle helmets under three impact locations. We assessed the helmet performance based on four tract-related strains characterizing the normal and shear strain oriented along and perpendicular to the fiber tract, as well as the prevalently used MPS. Our results showed that both the helmet model and impact location affected the strain peaks. Interestingly, we noted that different helmets did not alter strain distribution, except for one helmet under one specific impact location. Moreover, our analyses revealed that helmet ranking outcome based on strain peaks was affected by the choice of injury metrics (Kendall’s Tau coefficient: 0.58–0.93). Significant correlations were noted between tract-related strains and angular motion-based injury metrics. This study provided new insights into computational brain biomechanics and highlighted the helmet ranking outcome was dependent on the choice of injury metrics. Our results also hinted that the performance of helmets could be augmented by mitigating the strain peak and optimizing the strain distribution with accounting the selective vulnerability of brain subregions and more research was needed to develop region-specific injury criteria.
Bile duct ligation-induced cirrhosis does not alter the blood-brain barrier permeability to sucrose in rats
Authors: Miah Mohammad K. , Bickel Ulrich , Mehvar Reza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Contradictory results have been reported about the effects of liver diseases on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to markers. For instance, both an increase and no change in the BBB permeability to BBB markers sodium fluorescein and Evans blue have been reported in experimental cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. These contradictory effects might be due to inherent limitations of these markers and/or methodological issues. Here, we investigated the time course of the impact of BDL in rats on BBB permeability using a recently developed stable isotope labeled marker [13C]sucrose, which is expected to be devoid of limitations of other markers, such as sodium fluorescein. At various times (five days, two weeks, and four weeks) after BDL or sham surgery, the brain uptake clearance (K

in
) of [13C]sucrose was estimated using quantitation of the marker in plasma, blood, and brain by a specific LC-MS/MS analytical method. BDL caused substantial increases in the plasma concentrations of liver biochemical markers (bilirubin, total bile acids, ammonia, and cholesterol) and reduced liver cytochrome P450 content and metabolic activities. However, compared with the sham group, the plasma or blood AUC, brain concentrations, and K

in
of [13C]sucrose in BDL animals remained unchanged at all the studied times. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between the sucrose K

in
and plasma total bile acids concentrations in the BDL animals. It is concluded that cholestatic liver disease, induced by BDL surgery in rats, does not significantly affect the BBB permeability to sucrose up to 4 weeks after the surgery.
Prognostic value of immunohistochemical staining for H3K27me3 and EZH2 in astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Authors: Onishi Shumpei , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Yonezawa Ushio , Taguchi Akira , Ozono Iori , Khairunnisa Novita Ikbar , Go Yukari , Takeshima Yukio , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
H3 histone 27 lysine (H3K27) trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is catalyzed by enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), regulates gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. H3K27me3 is used as a diagnostic marker for diffuse midline glioma and as a surrogate marker to distinguish posterior fossa ependymoma A and B. However, the clinical significance of the EZH2–H3K27me3 axis in astrocytoma, IDH-mutant has not been reported, prompting this investigation.

Methods
Thirty-three patients with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant treated at our institute were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) targeting H3K27me3, H3K27M, EZH2, EZH inhibitory protein, IDH1-R132H, p53, ATRX, Ki-67, and MTAP was performed. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to analyze the correlations of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with various factors, including age, World Health Organization (WHO) grade, the extent of resection, and immunohistochemical results.

Results
The mean patient age was 40.6 ± 11.0 years. IHC for H3K27me3 was positive in 19 patients and negative in 14 patients. The WHO grade and Ki-67 index were significantly higher in the H3K27me3-positive group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.024, respectively). OS and PFS were significantly shorter in the H3K27me3-positive group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Furthermore, the H3K27me3 and EZH2 double-positive group was associated with a higher WHO grade and higher Ki-67 index (p = 0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively). In the analysis of patients with WHO grade 2/3, double positivity for H3K27me3 and EZH2 was linked to significantly shorter OS and PFS (p = 0.0053 and p = 0.0048, respectively).

Conclusion
Positivity for H3K27me3, especially double positivity for H3K27me3 and EZH2, could be a poor prognostic factor for astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. These results suggest the utility of H3K27me3 and EZH2 as candidate markers for estimating the malignancy of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.