bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Windows, Part I
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the motif of windows in Harold and the Purple Crayon. It explains that the window is a metaphor portraying the threshold between the safety of home and the adventure of leaving it, alongside the threshold between the real and the imaginary. In populating the book with windows, Crockett Johnson evokes their long association with portals to the imagination. Even though Johnson's creative choices may have been instinctive, they are not accidental: Harold spends ten pages drawing windows. This highlights that windows invite people to look through them and, in Johnson’s book, step through them and join Harold on his adventure.
“The scourge of crayon vandalism”
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Noting that Harold and the Purple Crayon inspired some young readers to bring their own crayons into the story, this chapter considers how the book may have invited its readers to act. Young readers find the blank space enticing to draw on, especially since Harold draws with a crayon on white paper. Since many children have access to crayons, the books’ ample negative space may seem a welcome canvas on which to emulate Harold. The chapter also considers Crockett Johnson’s satirical reply to complaints about his book inspiring “crayon vandalism” and whether they might raise a semi-humorous controversy about the series.
Children’s Art
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the children’s art within Harold and the Purple Crayon, situating it within debates regarding the value of children's creativity. Crockett Johnson supports children’s creativity but, unlike many in the modernist avant-garde, does not romanticize children’s art as more real, pure, or primitive. In Harold and the Purple Crayon, he most clearly gestures to a child’s style of drawing when Harold draws living figures. The chapter then explains how Johnson and Edward Lear’s styles affirm a childish style as a valid aesthetic choice, thus acknowledging children’s creativity as valuable.
Metapictures
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the presentation of metapictures within Harold and the Purple Crayon. It explains how the book’s double images shape the experience of reading it. For instance, the text encourages readers to view Harold’s wavy scribble as the ocean, but the image never quite loses its sense of wobbly w’s nor of errant crayon. The chapter explains how Johnson’s narrative guides the readers to resolve the competing interpretations into a single one.
Where and When Is Harold?
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the relative scarcity of specific historical referents in Harold and the Purple Crayon. Harold’s is a world with sailboats and oceans, mountains and hot-air balloons, helpful policemen, and tall buildings. However, Harold’s iconic artistic style effaces the specific details that would allow us to date the events in the book. The chapter suggests that the artwork’s iconic ambiguity explains the book’s appeal to a broad range of readers. When a character lacks clearly defined facial features, readers project themselves onto the character, filling in the details.
Cute!
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the element of cuteness within Harold and the Purple Crayon. It notes that cuteness is both form and feeling. Cuteness typically entails smallness, roundness, and softness, which is an American aesthetic judgement and style that emerged in the nineteenth century. The Harold books display elements of cute style but do not invite the expected emotional responses to cuteness. Since cuteness in the 1950s was usually racially white, that is other key difference between Harold and the cuteness: Harold was and is racially ambiguous.
Color, Part II
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers whether Harold from the Harold and the Purple Crayon should be read as a Black child. It cites that Crockett Johnson gave Harold a light brown skin complexion. In 1998, the designers at HarperCollins changed the covers to all the Harold books, trading his original tan complexion for a light peach one. This, in turn, influenced the creators of subsequent Harold adaptations, such as the Harold and the Purple Crayon TV show and the Harold and the Purple Crayon iPad app: The change to the covers of the Harold books has made Harold’s whiteness canon. The chapter then offers three answers to the question of how we should see Harold’s race, looking at (1) the offset color-lithography printing process, (2) Johnson’s anti-racist activism, and (3) the political utility of the character’s unspecified race. It concludes by suggesting that his racial ambiguity makes it easier for readers of any race to identify with Harold.
The End
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the conclusion of the Harold and the Purple Crayon series. It explains that Crockett Johnson’s capacity for dreaming yielded more ideas than he had time to pursue. Each new Harold book ventured into a new genre: metafiction, fairy tales, science fiction, Christmas stories, circus stories, and reading primer. The chapter then provides an overview of Johnson’s life and projects, which includes the struggles to write the seventh Harold book. After 1965, Johnson abandoned children’s books entirely, returning only to illustrate Ruth Krauss’s The Happy Egg. The chapter notes that Johnson passed away at the age of 68.
Harold and You
Authors: Nel Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a set of questions exploring the reader’s relationship to Harold and the Purple Crayon. The chapter highlights how Crockett Johnson invites readers to watch Harold’s creative work in progress. It also highlights how images and words affected the narrative, referencing the history of iconoclasm wherein many people consider images to be more powerful than words. After the questions, the chapter encourages readers to answer as preferred, pick up a purple crayon, and start drawing.
Partition—Implementation and Outcome
Authors: Kiszely John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers Ismay’s time in India from the announcement of the Partition decision in June 1947 to his departure in December. It describes Ismay’s part in some of the major decisions of Partition such as the division of the army between the two dominions, the use of the army for peacekeeping, the future of the Princely States, and the Radcliffe commission’s delineation of the boundary between India and Pakistan. It recounts the events leading up to the transfer of power in mid-August and those that followed it, including the breakdown of law and order, the widespread inter-ethnic violence and slaughter and the large-scale population migrations. The chapter details Ismay’s meetings with Indian and Pakistani political leaders to attempt to achieve conciliation and peaceful outcomes. It concludes with his reflections of the Partition plan and outcome and the author’s assessment of his role and actions during his time with Mountbatten.
Communication
Authors: Roy Olivier 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses how coding can be a tool of deculturation precisely because it involves the construction of new relationships based on explicit, unequivocal communication. As globalization tends to “cancel” cultures, it creates a system of explicit communication that is normative by definition, since any deviation from it would render its meaning unclear, and because it assumes the development of a scale of values outside of any cultural reference and imposed by its self-evident self-proclamation. This coding is more than just a means of communication; it also has to homogenize everything circulating in that space, including culinary and artistic tastes, emotions and bodies. The chapter then looks at the language known as “Globish,” which is constructed solely through the practice of communication and not through any previous effort to simplify English. Eurospeak, the written language used by the European Commission, is the bureaucratic variant of Globish. The chapter also considers the autism spectrum, the use of emojis and emoticons, and Japanese culture. Finally, it examines the effect of the coding of communications and cultures on religion and psychoanalysis.
Conclusion
Authors: de Graaf Beatrice 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 presents some last synthesizing insights into the connection between radical believers and their communities and the paths that lead to radicalization. It concludes that terrorism is, and will remain, a recurring phenomenon. Religion will continue to play a role in processes of radicalization, and the appeal of radical redemption will not go away. Nevertheless, we can take solace in the fact that, when the religious constituencies of convicted terrorists distance themselves firmly and clearly from such extreme beliefs and acts, the impact of the radical redemption narrative can be significantly reduced. Finally, this chapter points out that radical redemption is not only an inherently inconsistent narrative but also a parasitic one: it feeds parasitically on all that is good in faith and belief.
The Production of ‘Normal’ Citizens
Authors: Villadsen Kaspar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 addresses the question of how we have become allies of today’s capitalist economy. It examines the production of ‘normalized citizens’, i.e. individuals who live their lives within the confines of wage-labour and mass consumption. Foucault’s genealogies from the 1970s describe two kinds of techniques that subjugate citizens. His early and mid-1970s authorship traces the emergence of legal-punitive power, whereas his late 1970s work explores pastoral power and governance. Foucault’s inquiries into state formation and techniques of subjectivation occurred in dialogue with Marxist thought. Hence, Foucault’s inquiries run close to Louis Althusser’s thesis on ideological state apparatuses. This chapter highlights several intersections between Foucault and Althusser, including the two poles of state power, the divine voice of ideology, and freedom in interpellation. The concluding section returns to Foucault’s ‘matrix’ of juridico-disciplinary and pastoral power, and suggests applying this matrix to the rise of algorithmic decision-making and predictive profiling.
Techniques of Self-Formation
Authors: Villadsen Kaspar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines ‘technologies of the self’, a key term in Foucault’s work from the early 1980s on practices of self-conduct in Greco-Roman antiquity. This term entails a modest technical notion of ethics as the self’s work upon the self, guided by the Nietzschean question: what price do we pay when taking up a particular self-work? This question leads to a discussion of the price one might pay when transforming oneself, which can be the loss of one’s subjectivity. Against the widespread critique of Foucault’s allegedly ‘missing human agent’, the chapter suggests that Foucault’s limitation regarding human agency is that his authorship does not sufficiently consider the sociopolitical conditions that define individuals’ capabilities to affect the forces that bear upon them through reflexive self-work. From an analytical perspective, this question must consider the different possible relationships in which subjects might engage with the dispositifs, one of them being courageous ‘truth-telling’.
Why Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy for Mood Disorders?
Authors: Lemma Alessandra , Hepworth Mary , Fonagy Peter , Abrahams Deborah , Luyten Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the rationale of dynamic interpersonal therapy (DIT) in relation to psychodynamic approaches and diagnostic classification systems focusing specifically on mood disorders (depression and anxiety). It explains that DIT is distinctive because of its interpersonal approach, with a strong emphasis on patients’ relationships, internal and external, and its dynamic character in so far as it is concerned with helping the patient to understand the interplay between external and internal reality as it relates to a problematic, circumscribed relational pattern. Consequently, it addresses a non-conscious realm of experience, awareness of which is often defended against by the patient. It discusses the assessment of suitability for DIT by considering several domains with regard to the patient’s characteristics: intrapsychic, interpersonal, and pragmatic.
When Things Go Wrong
Authors: Lemma Alessandra , Hepworth Mary , Fonagy Peter , Abrahams Deborah , Luyten Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In any therapeutic encounter, there will be moments of misattunement or mistakes that lead to ruptures. This chapter reviews the different kinds of challenges that may arise in the course of the therapeutic encounter from the point of view of both the patient and the dynamic interpersonal therapy (DIT) practitioner to help the therapist to better understand their own points of vulnerability in relation to working with this model so that they can be anticipated and addressed. It describes the DIT therapeutic stance of being open to correction when approaching an impasse and illustrates this stance through a case example. The chapter addresses how to manage difficulties in the therapeutic relationship, how to monitor countertransference, and outlines the different forms that resistance can take and how to work with its different manifestations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Authors: Lemma Alessandra , Hepworth Mary , Fonagy Peter , Abrahams Deborah , Luyten Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses a number of recurrent questions that emerge during training in dynamic interpersonal therapy (DIT). It focuses in particular on how the model differs from other psychological interventions, including other brief psychodynamic therapies, not least in relation to the centrality of working in the transference and using the countertransference, of working with dreams and unconscious fantasies, and the use that is made of the patient’s past. Finally, it reviews what a prospective student should expect from training in DIT.
The Future of Responsible Engagement
Authors: Epstein Rachel A. , Kaplan Oliver 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews some of the common “engagement dilemmas” and explores their implications for scholars as well as for donors and policymakers. It also offers a critical view of the case study chapters, examining what could have been done better with the aim of learning from the authors’ initial lapses. Actors on both sides of the academia–policy “gap” should engage in better practices to achieve more productive and equitable policy outcomes. A wider research agenda on the study of responsible engagement should include evaluation of responsible engagement practices, case studies of engagement dilemmas, public opinion studies, and gathering of feedback from policymakers.
The locative domain in Lele
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 demonstrates that the grammatical system of Lele codes a locative domain composed of two subdomains: the stative locative predications and the directional predications. Within the subdomain of stative locative predications, the language makes a distinction between the presence of an entity at a location and the presence of an activity or an event at a location. The distinction between the two functions is marked in the locative complements. The domain of directional locative predication is composed of motion away from the source, motion toward any goal, and motion to a specific goal. The language has a class of inherently locative lexical items consisting of toponyms and a few other nouns and locative adverbs. The postposition ni assigns the feature [locative] to inherently non-locative nouns if they are to be deployed in the locative complement.
Social Learning and Culture
Authors: Tomasello Michael , Call Josep 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the primate research literature on primate culture and social learning mechanisms and strategies. The chapter begins with an historical account of primate cultures, most notably those of chimpanzees but also orangutans, capuchins, and Japanese macaques. It describes the cultural repertoires and the social learning mechanisms that may support them. The next section focuses on the social learning mechanisms involved in foraging including food choice, tool use, and food extraction. Special attention is devoted to the phenomena of conformity and conservatism. It also includes studies on social transmission chains and the question of cumulative culture. Next, the chapter focuses on the social learning of actions (outside foraging) including vocalizations, gestures and non-instrumental actions. It also presents the data on imitation recognition. The last section of this chapter is devoted to social learning strategies including model-based learning, frequency-based learning, and teaching.
European Integration Since the 1920s
Authors: Hewitson Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Brexit, populism, and Euroscepticism seem to have challenged old assumptions about European integration and raised the prospect of disintegration. This book re-examines why the European Union and its forerunners were created and investigates how and why they have changed. It links contemporary events to historical explanation, arguing that there were long-term sets of conditions, dating back to the 1920s, which pushed European governments to cooperate economically and to try to resolve their diplomatic differences. The study is thematic, focusing on the most important aspects of European integration and explaining why member states have decided to carry out—or have consented to—the unique experiment of the European Union.
Dictators' Endgames
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Kuehn David , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book examines the political role of the military in “dictators’ endgames”: large-scale nonviolent mass protests in autocracies that demand regime change or the regime leader’s removal from office. It addresses the question why some militaries defend an embattled autocrat by violently cracking down on the protestors, whereas others side with the opposition or decide to stage a coup d’état. The book introduces a systematic definition and operationalization of the “dictator’s endgame” as a situation of non-violent mass mobilization, in which the dictator’s political survival depends on the loyalty of the military leaders. The theoretical argument proposed in this book focuses on the strategic calculations of military leaders and offers a systematic explanation why the armed forces opt for repression of the demonstrators, shift their loyalty from the dictator to the opposition, or remove the autocrat in a coup during the mass protests. The theory’s predictions are empirically tested in a multi-method research design that combines statistical analyses and case studies, drawing on the original Dictator’s Endgame Dataset of all forty endgames that took place between 1946 and 2014. The study identifies the conditions and processes through which militaries determine the outcome of dictators’ endgames, and thus affect the survival and future political development of authoritarian regimes.
The Dictator’s Endgame
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja , Kuehn David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 introduces the definition and operationalization of the “dictator’s endgame” as situations of large-scale nonviolent mass protests in autocracies in which military force becomes a last resort to ensure the dictator’s political survival. We argue that in such high-risk situations, military leaders face three options: defending the dictator by violently repressing the protests, shifting their loyalty to the opposition, or remove the autocrat in a coup. The chapter then presents a rational choice theoretic argument that centers on the strategic, cost-benefit calculations of the military leadership, which is driven by four sets of structural and institutional factors: the benefits of supporting the incumbent, the likelihood of military leaders remaining in office despite defection, the benefits of siding with the opposition, and the likelihood of a successful coup.
The Disputes of Moral Philosophers
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lecture 1 discusses the three main divisions in ethics: (1) subjectivism (moral claims are expressions of or statements of feelings/emotions) vs objectivism; (2) naturalism (moral claims have the same meanings as claims about natural fact, psychological or sociological, perhaps) vs non-naturalism; (3) rightness, goodness, and consequences. It also raises the question of the primacy of the good.
The Problem of Freedom
Authors: Strawson P. F. , Dancy Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lecture 13 discusses the problem of freedom. Can there be a free event? Strawson supposes this is not logically impossible even though the truth of ‘every event is caused’ is analytic. The notion of causal impossibility is a pseudo-notion. There is only the logical impossibility that a causal law should be true despite a contrary instance. Strawson proposes that the sense of moral responsibility is the reflective consciousness of the experience of obligation, guilt, and remorse, coupled with the awareness in ourselves of motives whose conflict issues in experiences of obligation, guilt, and remorse.
Human Rights in Global Governance
Authors: Bhuta Nehal , Vallejo Rodrigo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
International human rights law is currently struck by a potentially redefining tension. While the developments of international human rights law have long presupposed the state as its architect, object, and the very condition for its operationalization, nowadays there have been decisive steps towards extending the purview of international human rights beyond the state by institutionalizing them as a normative baseline for the operation of a wide range of global governance regimes. This raises a crucial question: what happens to human rights when they are extracted from their constitutive presumptions? This introductory chapter dwells on this question and tension to elaborate an overall framing for the present volume. Drawing upon the century-old jurisprudence by Santi Romano and Maurice Hauriou, the chapter suggests that this crucial question can be productively approached by tracing the modes of relevance that human rights law has gained in diverse global governance contexts—as the several contributions to this volume illustrate. This century-old jurisprudence nonetheless also entails a theory of crisis. Their insights can largely explain the legitimation crisis that international human rights law is currently experiencing and what is required to overcome it.
Beyond Accountability?
Authors: Sinclair Guy Fiti 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the place of human rights in global governance through a case study focusing on a complaint to the World Bank’s Inspection Panel, regarding the China: Western Poverty Reduction Project (CWPRP). In most tellings, the Inspection Panel—and this case in particular—is taken to exemplify the promise (and sometimes perils) of holding powerful international organizations accountable for human rights violations. Conceptualizing each institution as an assemblage of heterogeneous elements, the chapter analyses human rights not so much as a fixed set of standards against which the Inspection Panel seeks to hold the World Bank accountable for its actions, but rather as one among several vocabularies of authority deployed by sundry entities engaged in a variety of complex interactions. In this perspective, human rights are continually constructed, defined, and distinguished from other modes of discourse and practice in the making and unmaking of global governance.