bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between number of drugs and duration of hospital stay in older patients with neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Nishida Shohei , Hayashi Yuichi , Suzuki Akio , Kobayashi Ryo , Inuzuka Takashi , Itoh Yoshinori 
Published: March 2018

AimOlder patients are considered to be at high risk for developing adverse drug reactions (ADR), because they commonly receive multidrug therapy despite changes in pharmacokinetic function with age. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between the number of prescribed drugs and the incidence of ADR or the time to discharge in older patients with neuromuscular disease.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out among 135 older patients (aged ≥65 years) who were admitted to the neurology ward from October 2007 through December 2011. Drugs that possess a high risk for initiation of grade ≥2 ADR were determined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 38 patients (28.1%) experienced grade ≥2 ADR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that corticosteroids, antibiotics, enteric nutrients and insulin were significant risks for grade ≥2 ADR. Notably, the time to discharge extended as the grade of ADR increased, with mean values of 24.4 days for grade 0, 38.3 days for grade 1, 47.5 days for grade 2 and 73.1 days for grade 3–4 events. Furthermore, the number of high‐risk drugs for grade ≥2 ADR correlated well with the incidence of grade ≥2 events (R = 0.964, P = 0.008), as well as with the time to discharge (R = 0.473, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOlder patients receiving multidrug therapy using corticosteroids, antibiotics, enteric nutrients, or insulin were at high risk for grade ≥2 ADR and prolongation of hospital stay. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1018–1024.
Financial impact and effect on the outcome of preoperative tests for at‐risk older hip fracture patients
Authors: Steinberg Ely L , Warschawski Yaniv , Elis Jacob , Rotman Dani , Rachevsky Gil , Factor Shai , Salai Moshe , Ben‐Tov Tomer 
Published: March 2018

AimOlder patients with proximal femoral fractures often undergo preoperative tests due to coexisting morbidities. Our aim was to evaluate these tests and their impact on patient outcome and medical expenses.MethodsThis retrospective study includes data on head computed tomography, carotid ultrasound, echocardiography and pulmonary functional tests calculated according to the type of surgery (osteosynthesis or hip arthroplasty) carried out on 2798 patients. Time‐to‐surgery, test repeated postoperatively, American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status score, additional procedures, hospitalization time, 30‐day mortality and associated medical expenses were evaluated.ResultsA total of 921 preoperative tests were carried out in 780 (28%) patients, and 375 postoperative tests were carried out in 329 (12%) patients (P < 0.001). A total of 23 procedures were carried out after surgery, none related to the originally carried out tests. Significant group differences were found for American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status score, days to surgery, hospitalization time (days) and mortality rates. The medical expenses of these tests were 1.3% of the average income per case, and 0.6% of the average study group income.ConclusionsNon‐routine preoperative tests prolong time‐to‐surgery, increased hospitalization time and contribute to 30‐day mortality. No postoperative procedure was related to preoperative test findings. The financial cost for these tests does not burden the medical expenses per procedure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 937–942.
1,4‐Dioxane Soil Remediation Using Enhanced Soil Vapor Extraction (XSVE): II. Modeling
Authors: Burris David R. , Johnson Paul C. , Hinchee Robert E. , Dahlen Paul R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract1,4‐Dioxane is a volatile organic compound that is fully miscible in water, allowing it to sequester in vadose zone pore water and serve as a long‐term source of groundwater contamination. Conventional soil vapor extraction (SVE) removes 1,4‐dioxane; however, substantial 1,4‐dioxane can remain even after other colocated chlorinated solvents have been remediated. A field demonstration of “enhanced SVE” (XSVE) with focused extraction and heated injection was conducted at former McClellan AFB, CA, achieving 94% reduction in soil concentrations. A screening‐level tool, HypeVent XSVE, was created to assist in system design and data reduction and to anticipate how operating factors affect XSVE performance (e.g., cleanup level, remediation time, etc.). It assumes well‐mixed conditions, and combines an energy balance, mass balances for water and contaminant, and a temperature‐dependent 1,4‐dioxane Henry's Law constant. User inputs include the target treatment zone size, initial 1,4‐dioxane and soil moisture concentrations, and ambient site and injection/extraction conditions (temperature, humidity). Projections based on inputs representative of demonstration site conditions adequately anticipated the observed macroscopic field results. Sensitivity analyses show that removal increases with increasing heated air injection temperature and relative humidity and decreasing initial soil moisture content.
Fifth Chinese National Consensus Report on the management ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection
Authors: Liu Wen Zhong , Xie Yong , Lu Hong , Cheng Hong , Zeng Zhi Rong , Zhou Li Ya , Chen Ye , Wang Jiang Bin , Du Yi Qi , Lu Nong Hua ,   Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Chinese Study Group on Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSince the ‘Fourth Chinese National Consensus Report on the management ofH. pyloriinfection’ was published in 2012, three important consensuses (Kyoto global consensus report onH. pylorigastritis, The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment ofH. pyloriInfection in Adults and Management ofH. pyloriinfection—the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report) have been published regarding the management ofH. pyloriinfection.Materials and MethodsA Delphi method was adopted to develop the consensus of relevant ‘statements’. First, the established ‘statements’ were sent to experts via email. Second, after undergoing two rounds of consultation, the initial statements were discussed face to face and revised in the conference item by item on 16 December 2016. Finally, 21 core members of conferees participated in the final vote of statements. Voting for each statement was performed using an electronic system with levels of agreements shown on the screen in real time.ResultsConsensus contents contained a total of 48 “statements” and related 6 parts, including indications forH. pylorieradication, diagnosis, treatment,H. pyloriand gastric cancer,H. pyloriinfection in special populations,H. pyloriand gastrointestinal microbiota.ConclusionsRecommendations are provided on the basis of the best available evidence.
Hepatic angiomyolipoma: mutation analysis and immunohistochemical pitfalls in diagnosis
Authors: Yan Zhen , Grenert James P , Joseph Nancy M , Ren Chuanli , Chen Xin , Shafizadeh Nafis , Kakar Sanjay 
Published: March 2018

AimsHepatic angiomyolipoma (AML) often shows epithelioid morphology with inconspicuous fat. Epithelioid component can mimic hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) or carcinoma (HCC). The aims of this study were to examine the expression of commonly used markers for HCA or HCC in hepatic AML and highlight pitfalls in diagnosis.Methods and resultsResected hepatic AMLs (n = 16) were reviewed; reticulin stain, immunohistochemistry for glutamine synthetase (GS), β‐catenin and liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP) were performed along with Sanger sequencing of exon 3 of CTNNB1 and next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Predominant epithelioid component (≥50%) was seen in 80% of cases. Foamy macrophage was present in 33% of cases. High‐risk histological features were often present in tumours with benign outcome: marked atypia (19%), mitoses (20%) and necrosis (33%). GS staining (≥10% of tumour) was seen in epithelioid components in 13 (87%) cases, and was diffuse (>50% of tumour) in six (40%) cases. LFABP staining or nuclear β‐catenin staining was not seen in any case. Sanger sequencing and NGS did not reveal CTNNB1 mutation in any tested case. NGS demonstrated TSC2 mutations in all five cases tested.ConclusionsThe predominance of epithelioid component resembling HCA or HCC is common in hepatic AML. Absence of LFABP and presence of fat can be mistaken for HNF1α‐inactivated HCA. Diffuse GS staining can be mistaken for β‐catenin‐activated HCA or HCC. Diffuse GS expression is not related to CTNNB1 mutation. All tested cases showed TSC2 mutation, supporting this as the driving genetic event for hepatic AML.
Price rather than nutrition information the main influencer of consumer food purchasing behaviour in South Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Koen Nelene , Wentzel‐Viljoen Edelweiss , Blaauw Reneé 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn South Africa there has been a paucity of data on food and nutrition labelling since the publication of the new food‐labelling legislation. This study aimed to explore whether the nutrition information on food products influences consumer purchasing behaviour; reasons for reading or ignoring nutrition information on labels, and to investigate expectations regarding food / nutrition labelling. Nine focus‐group discussions were held with adult consumers (N=67) in Cape Town, South Africa. Food price was sometimes the only consideration when selecting food products, irrespective of quality and nutritional value. When buying products for the first time, consumers were more inclined to read the nutrition information compared to habitual purchases or buying known brands. The list of ingredients, nutrient content claims and specific health endorsement logos were considered important. Reasons for reading nutrition information were mainly to assess the nutritional value or health properties, to avoid certain ingredients/allergens and to determine quality. Consumers struggled to understand the information on labels, specifically the nutrition information table. A lack of time or interest, price concerns and trust in labelling information also emerged as reasons why consumers ignore the nutrition information. There is a need for simpler food labelling, more graphics, and less complex terminology, information overload and quantitative information. It is recommended that a standardised front‐of‐package labelling scheme and a single health endorsement logo for South Africa be considered. More should be done to educate consumers on utilising the information on food labels correctly, in order for them to make healthier food choices.
Metabonomics analysis of nonvolatile small molecules of beers during forced ageing
Authors: Yao Jiwei , Zong Xuyan , Cui Chun , Mu Lixia , Zhao Haifeng 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThree kinds of beers with different degrees of ageing were used to examine their nonvolatile small molecules by a metabonomics approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS). Results showed that a total of 2114 compounds were detected in forced‐aged beers with the positive mode of UPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS. There was a clear separation among three groups of beers with different degrees of ageing in principal component analysis (PCA) model. Sixteen potential metabolite markers related to beer oxidative stability were identified by orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminate analysis (OPLS‐DA). Results from the changes in the spectrum also indicated that some new compounds formed in beer during forced ageing. Thus, the proposed metabonomics approach is a powerful tool to give a fully understanding the ageing process of beer based on the identification of the markers related to oxidative stability.
Phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon wines: effect of water stress and harvest date
Authors: Delgado Cuzmar Paula , Salgado Eduardo , Ribalta‐Pizarro Camila , Olaeta José A. , López Eugenio , Pastenes Claudio , Cáceres‐Mella Alejandro 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe effect of three water status level and two harvest date 55 and 64 days after veraison (DAV) on phenolic and sensory composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wines were investigated. The later harvest date led to wine with a higher alcohol content. Total phenols varied from 1439.66 to 1643.08 mg L−1 with higher values at 64 DAV. No differences were observed between irrigation treatments. For total tannins and anthocyanins, no differences were found between harvest date. Separation of proanthocyanidins by Sep‐Pak Plus tC18 cartridges showed only differences in concentration but not in the proportion of proanthocyanidin fractions. The wines from the most restricted treatment had a better colour and the same aroma of red fruits, persistence, astringency, fullness and bitterness, as the wine from the treatment with highest irrigation. Under the assay conditions, it was possible to obtain wines with a similar chemical and sensory composition earlier and using less irrigation water.
Stability of complete blood count in different storage conditions using the ABX PENTRA 60 analyzer
Authors: Oliveira L. R. , Simionatto M. , Cruz B. R. , Bittencourt J. I. M. , Krum E. A. , Moss M. F. , Borato D. C. K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionSample stability is essential to obtain reliable results in the clinical laboratory. This study was conducted to investigate the reliability of hematological parameters using ABX Pentra 60 in samples stored for up to 72 hours at different temperatures.MethodsA total of 651 blood samples were analyzed at different analysis times: 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours and forms and storage: room temperature (25°C) and at 4°C. The imprecision of the results was evaluated by the analytical coefficient of variation (CVa%) obtained by the typical error (TE) and Kruskal‐Wallis analysis, to compare the averages. The reliability of the results was evaluated by the CVa (%) within the maximum allowable analytical variation and by the difference of means of the results in relation to the baseline sample (2 hours).ResultsRed blood count, hemoglobin, and MCH parameters showed stability up to 72 hours at room temperature and at 4°C. The other complete blood count parameters showed imprecision results emitted by the ABX Pentra 60 from 24 hours of sample storage, independent of the storage temperature. In addition, there were significant oscillations in the mean values, particularly for the samples stored at room temperature, with the exception of platelet parameters that exhibited mean changes also at 4°C.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the importance of the clinical analyst's knowledge about the behavior of the CBC parameters over time under different storage conditions, and mainly the imprecision of the hematological equipment used, for the suitable interpretation of the results.
Regulation of autoimmune and anti‐tumour T‐cell responses by PTPN22
Authors: Brownlie Rebecca J. , Zamoyska Rose , Salmond Robert J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA number of polymorphisms in immune‐regulatory genes have been identified as risk factors for the development of autoimmune disease. PTPN22 (that encodes a tyrosine phosphatase) has been associated with the development of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PTPN22 regulates the activity and effector functions of multiple important immune cell types, including lymphocytes, granulocytes and myeloid cells. In this review, we describe the role of PTPN22 in regulating T‐cell activation and effector responses. We discuss progress in our understanding of the impact of PTPN22 in autoimmune disease in humans and mouse models, as well as recent evidence suggesting that genetic manipulation of PTPN22 expression might enhance the efficacy of anti‐tumour T‐cell responses.
EBV transformation induces overexpression of hMSH2/3/6 on B lymphocytes and enhances γδT‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity via TCR and NKG2D
Authors: Dai Yu‐mei , Liu Hai‐ying , Liu Yun‐feng , Zhang Yuan , He Wei 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe engagement of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐induced protein ligands in γδ T‐cell‐mediated anti‐EBV immunity, especially in EBV‐associated B‐cell malignancies, has not been fully elucidated. Previously we reported the overexpression of human MutS homologue 2 (hMSH2), a stress‐inducible protein ligand for human γδ T‐cells, on EBV‐transformed B lymphoblastic cell lines (B‐LCLs). In this study, we first generated EBV‐transformed B‐LCLs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers with B95‐8 cellular supernatant and cyclosporine A. Secondly, we demonstrated the significantly elevated cell surface protein expression and mRNA transcription of hMSH2 in EBV‐transformed B‐LCLs, 3D5 and EBV‐positive B lymphoma cell line Daudi and Raji. Thirdly, hMSH2‐mediated recognition of EBV‐transformed B malignant cells by human γδ T‐cells was confirmed by specific antibody blocking and siRNA interference. Both TCRγδ and NKG2D participated in hMSH2‐mediated recognition of EBV‐transformed B malignant cells. Furthermore, hMSH3 and hMSH6, the companion proteins of hMSH2, along with CD98, were found overexpressed on the surface of EBV‐transformed malignant B‐cells. We concluded that the induced overexpression of hMSH proteins might serve as early alerting biomarkers emerged in EBV‐related B‐cell malignances or as potential targets for establishing γδ T‐cell‐based therapeutic immunotherapies towards EBV infection.
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity and its regulation by inhibitory receptors
Authors: Kumar Santosh 
Published: March 2018

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells express an array of germ‐line encoded receptors that are capable of triggering cytotoxicity. NK cells tend to express many members of a given family of signalling molecules. The presence of many activating receptors and many members of a given family of signalling molecules can enable NK cells to detect different kinds of target cells, and to mount different kinds of responses. This contributes also to the robustness of NK cells responses; cytotoxic functions of NK cells often remain unaffected in the absence of selected signalling molecules. NK cells express many MHC‐I‐specific inhibitory receptors. Signals from MHC‐I‐specific inhibitory receptors tightly control NK cell cytotoxicity and, paradoxically, maintain NK cells in a state of proper responsiveness. This review provides a brief overview of the events that underlie NK cell activation, and how signals from inhibitory receptors intercept NK cell activation to prevent inappropriate triggering of cytotoxicity.
Geographical ecology of dry forest tree communities in the West Indies
Authors: Franklin Janet , Andrade Riley , Daniels Mark L. , Fairbairn Patrick , Fandino Maria C. , Gillespie Thomas W. , González Grizelle , Gonzalez Otto , Imbert Daniel , Kapos Valerie , Kelly Daniel L. , Marcano‐Vega Humfredo , Meléndez‐Ackerman Elvia J. , McLaren Kurt P. , McDonald Morag A. , Ripplinger Julie , Rojas‐Sandoval Julissa , Ross Michael S. , Ruiz Jorge , Steadman David W. , Tanner Edmund V. J. , Terrill Inge , Vennetier Michel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimSeasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) of the Caribbean Islands (primarily West Indies) is floristically distinct from Neotropical SDTF in Central and South America. We evaluate whether tree species composition was associated with climatic gradients or geographical distance. Turnover (dissimilarity) in species composition of different islands or among more distant sites would suggest communities structured by speciation and dispersal limitations. A nested pattern would be consistent with a steep resource gradient. Correlation of species composition with climatic variation would suggest communities structured by broad‐scale environmental filtering.LocationThe West Indies (The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia), Providencia (Colombia), south Florida (USA) and Florida Keys (USA).TaxonSeed plants—woody taxa (primarily trees).MethodsWe compiled 572 plots from 23 surveys conducted between 1969 and 2016. Hierarchical clustering of species in plots, and indicator species analysis for the resulting groups of sites, identified geographical patterns of turnover in species composition. Nonparametric analysis of variance, applied to principal components of bioclimatic variables, determined the degree of covariation in climate with location. Nestedness versus turnover in species composition was evaluated using beta diversity partitioning. Generalized dissimilarity modelling partitioned the effect of climate versus geographical distance on species composition.ResultsDespite a set of commonly occurring species, SDTF tree community composition was distinct among islands and was characterized by spatial turnover on climatic gradients that covaried with geographical gradients. Greater Antillean islands were characterized by endemic indicator species. Northern subtropical areas supported distinct, rather than nested, SDTF communities in spite of low levels of endemism.Main conclusionsThe SDTF species composition was correlated with climatic variation. SDTF on large Greater Antillean islands (Hispaniola, Jamaica and Cuba) was characterized by endemic species, consistent with their geological history and the biogeography of plant lineages. These results suggest that both environmental filtering and speciation shape Caribbean SDTF tree communities.
Exposure to childhood adversity and deficits in emotion recognition: results from a large, population‐based sample
Authors: Dunn Erin C. , Crawford Katherine M. , Soare Thomas W. , Button Katherine S. , Raffeld Miriam R. , Smith Andrew D.A.C. , Penton‐Voak Ian S. , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundEmotion recognition skills are essential for social communication. Deficits in these skills have been implicated in mental disorders. Prior studies of clinical and high‐risk samples have consistently shown that children exposed to adversity are more likely than their unexposed peers to have emotion recognition skills deficits. However, only one population‐based study has examined this association.MethodsWe analyzed data from children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective birth cohort (n = 6,506). We examined the association between eight adversities, assessed repeatedly from birth to age 8 (caregiver physical or emotional abuse; sexual or physical abuse; maternal psychopathology; one adult in the household; family instability; financial stress; parent legal problems; neighborhood disadvantage) and the ability to recognize facial displays of emotion measured using the faces subtest of the Diagnostic Assessment of Non‐Verbal Accuracy (DANVA) at age 8.5 years. In addition to examining the role of exposure (vs. nonexposure) to each type of adversity, we also evaluated the role of the timing, duration, and recency of each adversity using a Least Angle Regression variable selection procedure.ResultsOver three‐quarters of the sample experienced at least one adversity. We found no evidence to support an association between emotion recognition deficits and previous exposure to adversity, either in terms of total lifetime exposure, timing, duration, or recency, or when stratifying by sex.ConclusionsResults from the largest population‐based sample suggest that even extreme forms of adversity are unrelated to emotion recognition deficits as measured by the DANVA, suggesting the possible immutability of emotion recognition in the general population. These findings emphasize the importance of population‐based studies to generate generalizable results.