bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of machine operation and equipment loss in ironworks and steelworks
Authors: Maszke Adrian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The article presents a case study of the identification and analysis of operating and equipment losses in a steel plant. Losses may be visible in costs resulting from premature wear of machine and equipment components, removal of emergency failures related to quality losses, including loss of reputation of a reliable supplier, as well as losses related to production, especially in the case of continuous production. The analysis of losses was based on the cost criterion, including losses resulting from the loss of a potential client. The real data from the 2016 were used in the case study. In order to ensure proper operation at the finishing department, standard solutions have been developed. The analysis of losses was based on the Pareto principle and the analysis of TPM coefficients.
Weed Control and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Acetochlor Alone and in Combination with Various Herbicides
Authors: Chaudhari Sushila , Jordan David L. , Grey Timothy L. , Prostko Eric P. , Jennings Katherine M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Acetochlor, a chloroacetamide herbicide, is now registered for preplant (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and postemergence (POST) application in peanut. Field research was conducted during 2011 and 2012 in Georgia and North Carolina to determine peanut response and weed control by acetochlor compared with S-metolachlor alone and in programs with other herbicides. In weed-free experiments, peanut tolerance to acetochlor (1.26 and 2.52 kg ai/ha) and S-metolachlor (1.42 kg ai/ha) were evaluated when applied PPI, PRE, early postemergence (EPOST), or POST. Peanut tolerance to acetochlor was similar to S-metolachlor with no negative impact of either herbicide on peanut yield compared with non-treated peanut in absence of weed interference. When applied PRE, acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, sicklepod, and Texas millet similarly to S-metolachlor while control of broadleaf signalgrass was greater with S-metolachlor. Weed control programs containing EPOST and/or POST applications of herbicides following PRE herbicides provided the best overall weed control but did not affect yellow nutsedge control regardless of whether acetochlor or S-metolachlor were applied. Herbicide programs including PRE, EPOST, and POST herbicides most often resulted in the greatest yields. There was no difference in peanut yield regardless of the presence of acetochlor or S-metolachlor in a comprehensive herbicide program.
Stimuli-responsive oligonucleotides in prodrug-based approaches for gene silencing
Authors: Debart Françoise , Dupouy Christelle , Vasseur Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2018

Oligonucleotides (ONs) have been envisaged for therapeutic applications for more than thirty years. However, their broad use requires overcoming several hurdles such as instability in biological fluids, low cell penetration, limited tissue distribution, and off-target effects. With this aim, many chemical modifications have been introduced into ONs definitively as a means of modifying and better improving their properties as gene silencing agents and some of them have been successful. Moreover, in the search for an alternative way to make efficient ON-based drugs, the general concept of prodrugs was applied to the oligonucleotide field. A prodrug is defined as a compound that undergoes transformations in vivo to yield the parent active drug under different stimuli. The interest in stimuli-responsive ONs for gene silencing functions has been notable in recent years. The ON prodrug strategies usually help to overcome limitations of natural ONs due to their low metabolic stability and poor delivery. Nevertheless, compared to permanent ON modifications, transient modifications in prodrugs offer the opportunity to regulate ON activity as a function of stimuli acting as switches. Generally, the ON prodrug is not active until it is triggered to release an unmodified ON. However, as it will be described in some examples, the opposite effect can be sought.This review examines ON modifications in response to various stimuli. These stimuli may be internal or external to the cell, chemical (glutathione), biochemical (enzymes), or physical (heat, light). For each stimulus, the discussion has been separated into sections corresponding to the site of the modification in the nucleotide: the internucleosidic phosphate, the nucleobase, the sugar or the extremities of ONs. Moreover, the review provides a current and detailed account of stimuli-responsive ONs with the main goal of gene silencing. However, for some stimuli-responsive ONs reported in this review, no application for controlling gene expression has been shown, but a certain potential in this field could be demonstrated. Additionally, other applications in different domains have been mentioned to extend the interest in such molecules.
Characteristics of Winter Wolf Kill Sites in the Southern Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Woodruff Susannah P. , Jimenez Michael D. , Johnson Timothy R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Understanding the spatial use of wolves and how that might relate to prey species may help predict areas with increased likelihood of wolf–prey interactions, areas where wolves may have a higher impact on prey populations, or areas of wolf–livestock conflict. After reintroduction into Yellowstone National Park in 1995, wolves Canis lupus expanded south and recolonized areas in and around Grand Teton National Park in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem in Wyoming, USA. Elk Cervus elaphus in this area are supplementally fed at three feedgrounds artificially increasing elk density. We tracked radio-collared and uncollared wolves annually in winter (December–March) from 2000 to 2008 to investigate kill sites. Our objective was to investigate potential differences in habitat variables (e.g., canopy cover, elevation) between kill sites (n = 295) and available (random; n = 2,360) locations and investigate whether factors influencing winter wolf kill sites differed in a natural setting (i.e., native winter range) vs. an artificial setting (i.e., near or on feedgrounds). Wolf kills occurred at sites with lower elevation, canopy cover, and terrain roughness compared with random locations. Wolf kills were also slightly farther from packed surfaces (i.e., roads or groomed snowmobile trails) and elk feedgrounds, although still in areas of higher intensity of use by elk compared with random locations. Kill sites on native winter range were considerably more rough (odds ratio = 4.47) than those on feedgrounds. Our results suggest wolves hunt where the likelihood of encountering prey is high, although in areas where prey distribution is more sparse (i.e., native winter range), wolves may need to rely on rougher terrain for successful hunts. The relationship between areas of high prey use and increased wolf activity has important implications for both wildlife managers and livestock producers. In the future, managers will continue to face the issue of having high concentrations of ungulates, either wild or domestic, and the obvious attraction this has for wolves.
αMβ2 Is Antiatherogenic in Female but Not Male Mice
Authors: Szpak Dorota , Izem Lahoucine , Verbovetskiy Dmitriy , Soloviev Dmitry A. , Yakubenko Valentin P. , Pluskota Elzbieta 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory process characterized by monocyte recruitment into the arterial wall, their differentiation into macrophages, and lipid accumulation. Because integrin αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18) mediates multiple diverse functions of leukocytes, we examined its role in atherogenesis. αM−/−/ApoE−/− and ApoE−/− mice were fed a control or high fat diet for 3 or 16 wk to induce atherogenesis. Unexpectedly, αM deficiency accelerated development of atherosclerosis in female but not in male mice. The size of aortic root lesions was 3–4.5-fold larger in female αM−/−/ApoE−/− than in ApoE−/− mice. Monocyte and macrophage content within the lesions was increased 2.5-fold in female αM−/−/ApoE−/− mice due to enhanced proliferation. αMβ2 elimination promoted gender-dependent foam cell formation due to enhanced uptake of cholesterol by αM−/−/ApoE−/− macrophages. This difference was attributed to enhanced expression of lipid uptake receptors, CD36 and scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1), in female mice. Macrophages from female αM−/−/ApoE−/− mice showed dramatically reduced expression of FoxM1 transcription factor and estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. As their antagonists inhibited the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2), E2 decreased CD36, SR-A1, and foam cell formation in ApoE−/− macrophages in an ERα- and ERβ-dependent manner. However, female αM−/−/ApoE−/− macrophages failed to respond to E2 and maintained elevated CD36, SR-A1, and lipid accumulation. FoxM1 inhibition in ApoE−/− macrophages reduced ERs and enhanced CD36 and SR-A1 expression, whereas FoxM1 overexpression in αM−/−/ApoE−/− macrophages reversed their proatherogenic phenotype. We demonstrate a new, surprising atheroprotective role of αMβ2 in female ApoE−/− mice. αMβ2 maintains ER expression in macrophages and E2-dependent inhibition of foam cell formation.
Short-term dermal exposure to tannery effluent does not cause behavioral changes in male Swiss mice
Authors: Mendes Bruna De Oliveira , Guimarães Abraão Tiago Batista , Souza Joyce Moreira de , Ferreira Raíssa De Oliveira , Silva Wellington Alves Mizael da , Rodrigues Aline Sueli de Lima , Malafaia Guilherme 
Published: February 2018

Tannery is a highly polluting activity due to the waste generated by bovine skin processing. Although there are several studies highlighting the health issues faced by workers exposed to tannery effluent, there are no records of experiments testing the neurobehavioral effects resulting from direct contact with this pollutant. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the possible neurobehavioral effects of dermal exposure to tannery effluent on male Swiss mice. Animals were divided in three groups, which were subjected to the same experimental time period and conditions: effluent group - animals in direct contact with tannery effluent (for 20 days); control group - animals in contact with pure water; and dry-control group - animals not exposed to water or to tannery effluent. Neurobehavioral tests started on the 17th experimental day. Results of the elevated plus-maze test (anxiety prediction) showed no anxiogenic or anxiolytic effects, memory deficit or depressive symptoms on animals exposed to tannery effluent. Thus, the current results do not support the hypothesis that male Swiss mice dermal exposure to tannery effluents for the same time period and experimental conditions leads to neurobehavioral changes. Therefore, the herein adopted exposure protocol was not good to study the effects of dermal exposure to tannery effluent on the chosen experimental model.
Flow Polytopes and the Space of Diagonal Harmonics
Authors: Liu Ricky Ini , Morales Alejandro H. , Mészáros Karola 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA result of Haglund implies that the$(q,t)$-bigraded Hilbert series of the space of diagonal harmonics is a$(q,t)$-Ehrhart function of the flow polytope of a complete graph with netflow vector$(-n,1,\ldots ,1)$. We study the$(q,t)$-Ehrhart functions of flow polytopes of threshold graphs with arbitrary netflow vectors. Our results generalize previously known specializations of the mentioned bigraded Hilbert series at$t=1$,$0$, and$q^{-1}$. As a corollary to our results, we obtain a proof of a conjecture of Armstrong, Garsia, Haglund, Rhoades, and Sagan about the$(q,q^{-1})$-Ehrhart function of the flow polytope of a complete graph with an arbitrary netflow vector.
Temperature-(208–318 K) and pressure-(18–696 Torr) dependent rate coefficients for the reaction between OH and HNO3
Authors: Dulitz Katrin , Amedro Damien , Dillon Terry J. , Pozzer Andrea , Crowley John N. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Rate coefficients (k5) for the title reaction were obtained using pulsed laser photolytic generation of OH coupled to its detection by laser-induced fluorescence (PLP–LIF). More than 80 determinations of k5 were carried out in nitrogen or air bath gas at various temperatures and pressures. The accuracy of the rate coefficients obtained was enhanced by in situ measurement of the concentrations of both HNO3 reactant and NO2 impurity. The rate coefficients show both temperature and pressure dependence with a rapid increase in k5 at low temperatures. The pressure dependence was weak at room temperature but increased significantly at low temperatures. The entire data set was combined with selected literature values of k5 and parameterised using a combination of pressure-dependent and -independent terms to give an expression that covers the relevant pressure and temperature range for the atmosphere. A global model, using the new parameterisation for k5 rather than those presently accepted, indicated small but significant latitude- and altitude-dependent changes in the HNO3 ∕ NOx ratio of between −6 and +6 %. Effective HNO3 absorption cross sections (184.95 and 213.86 nm, units of cm2 molecule−1) were obtained as part of this work: σ213.86  =  4.52−0.12+0.23  ×  10−19 and σ184.95  =  1.61−0.04+0.08  ×  10−17.
Size distribution and ionic composition of marine summer aerosol at the continental Antarctic site Kohnen
Authors: Weller Rolf , Legrand Michel , Preunkert Susanne 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We measured aerosol size distributions and conducted bulk and
size-segregated aerosol sampling during two summer campaigns in January
2015 and January 2016 at the continental Antarctic station Kohnen (Dronning
Maud Land). Physical and chemical aerosol properties differ conspicuously
during the episodic impact of a distinctive low-pressure system in 2015
(LPS15) compared to the prevailing clear sky conditions. The approximately 3-day LPS15 located in the eastern Weddell Sea
was associated
with the following: marine boundary layer air mass intrusion; enhanced condensation
particle concentrations (1400 ± 700 cm−3 compared to 250 ± 120 cm−3
under clear sky conditions; mean ± SD); the occurrence of a
new particle formation event exhibiting a continuous growth of particle
diameters (Dp) from 12 to 43 nm over 44 h (growth rate
0.6 nm h−1);
peaking methane sulfonate (MS−), non-sea-salt sulfate
(nss–SO42-), and Na+ concentrations (190 ng m−3 MS−,
137 ng m−3 nss–SO42-, and 53 ng m−3 Na+
compared to 24 ± 15, 107 ± 20, and
4.1 ± 2.2 ng m−3, respectively, during clear sky conditions); and
finally an increased MS− ∕ nss–SO42- mass ratio βMS
of 0.4 up to 2.3 (0.21 ± 0.1 under clear sky conditions) comparable to
typical values found at coastal Antarctic sites. Throughout the observation
period a larger part of MS− could be found in super-micron aerosol
compared to nss–SO42-, i.e., (10 ± 2) % by mass compared
to (3.2 ± 2) %, respectively. On the whole, under clear sky
conditions aged aerosol characterized by usually mono-modal size
distributions around Dp= 60 nm was observed. Although our
observations indicate that the sporadic impacts of coastal cyclones were
associated with enhanced marine aerosol entry, aerosol deposition
on-site during austral summer should be largely dominated by typical steady
clear sky conditions.
The TROPOMI surface UV algorithm
Authors: Lindfors Anders V. , Kujanpää Jukka , Kalakoski Niilo , Heikkilä Anu , Lakkala Kaisa , Mielonen Tero , Sneep Maarten , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Arola Antti , Tamminen Johanna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is the only payload of the
Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P), which is a polar-orbiting satellite mission of
the European Space Agency (ESA). TROPOMI is a nadir-viewing spectrometer
measuring in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and the shortwave
infrared that provides near-global daily coverage. Among other things,
TROPOMI measurements will be used for calculating the UV radiation reaching
the Earth's surface. Thus, the TROPOMI surface UV product will contribute to
the monitoring of UV radiation by providing daily information on the
prevailing UV conditions over the globe. The TROPOMI UV algorithm builds on
the heritage of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Satellite
Application Facility for Atmospheric Composition and UV Radiation (AC SAF)
algorithms. This paper provides a description of the algorithm that will be
used for estimating surface UV radiation from TROPOMI observations. The
TROPOMI surface UV product includes the following UV quantities: the UV
irradiance at 305, 310, 324, and 380 nm; the erythemally weighted UV;
and the vitamin-D weighted UV. Each of these are available as (i) daily dose or
daily accumulated irradiance, (ii) overpass dose rate or irradiance, and
(iii) local noon dose rate or irradiance. In addition, all quantities are
available corresponding to actual cloud conditions and as clear-sky values,
which otherwise correspond to the same conditions but assume a cloud-free
atmosphere. This yields 36 UV parameters altogether. The TROPOMI UV algorithm
has been tested using input based on OMI and the Global Ozone Monitoring
Experiment-2 (GOME-2) satellite measurements. These preliminary results
indicate that the algorithm is functioning according to expectations.
Locke on Individuation and Kinds
Authors: Stenberg Joseph 
Published: February 2018

Locke has been accused of endorsing a theory of kinds that is inconsistent with his theory of individuation. This purported inconsistency comes to the fore in Locke’s treatment of cases involving organisms and the masses of matter that constitute them, for example, the case of a mass constituting an oak tree. In this essay, I argue that this purported problem, known as ‘The Kinds Problem’, can be solved. The Kinds Problem depends on the faulty assumption that nominal essences include only features observable at a time t. Once this assumption is rejected, new candidates open up for the relevant difference in the world that is included in the nominal essence of e.g. mass but not oak tree. And I argue that there is at least one good candidate for the extrinsic feature observable only over time in which the mass differs from the oak it constitutes, namely its persistence conditions. The Kinds Problem can be solved.
Algorithms for Asymptotically Exact Minimizations in Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Methods
Authors: Jean Koudi , Degla Guy , Mbaye Ndiaye Babacar , Traoré Mamadou Kaba 
Published: February 2018

We provide two new algorithms with applications to asymptotically exact minimizations with inequalities constraints. These results generalize and improve the works of Andreani, Birgin, Martinez and Schuverdt on minimization with equality constraints. Numerical examples show that our proposed analysis gives convergence results.
Reproducibility and Feasibility of Strategies for Morphologic Assessment of Renal Biopsies Using the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Digital Pathology Scoring System
Authors: Zee Jarcy , Hodgin Jeffrey B. , Mariani Laura H. , Gaut Joseph P. , Palmer Matthew B. , Bagnasco Serena M. , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Holzman Lawrence B. , Gillespie Brenda W. , Barisoni Laura 
Published: February 2018

Context
Testing reproducibility is critical for the development of methodologies for morphologic assessment. Our previous study using the descriptor-based Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Digital Pathology Scoring System (NDPSS) on glomerular images revealed variable reproducibility.

Objective
To test reproducibility and feasibility of alternative scoring strategies for digital morphologic assessment of glomeruli and explore use of alternative agreement statistics.

Design
The original NDPSS was modified (NDPSS1 and NDPSS2) to evaluate (1) independent scoring of each individual biopsy level, (2) use of continuous measures, (3) groupings of individual descriptors into classes and subclasses prior to scoring, and (4) indication of pathologists' confidence/uncertainty for any given score. Three and 5 pathologists scored 157 and 79 glomeruli using the NDPSS1 and NDPSS2, respectively. Agreement was tested using conventional (Cohen κ) and alternative (Gwet agreement coefficient 1 [AC1]) agreement statistics and compared with previously published data (original NDPSS).

Results
Overall, pathologists' uncertainty was low, favoring application of the Gwet AC1. Greater agreement was achieved using the Gwet AC1 compared with the Cohen κ across all scoring methodologies. Mean (standard deviation) differences in agreement estimates using the NDPSS1 and NDPSS2 compared with the single-level original NDPSS were −0.09 (0.17) and −0.17 (0.17), respectively. Using the Gwet AC1, 79% of the original NDPSS descriptors had good or excellent agreement. Pathologist feedback indicated the NDPSS1 and NDPSS2 were time-consuming.

Conclusions
The NDPSS1 and NDPSS2 increased pathologists' scoring burden without improving reproducibility. Use of alternative agreement statistics was strongly supported. We suggest using the original NDPSS on whole slide images for glomerular morphology assessment and for guiding future automated technologies.
Increased prenatal brain growth in a transgenic mouse model decreases cranial development: An expensive tissue hypothesis for the skull
Authors: López Elisabeth K N , Ravosa Matthew J 
Published: February 2018

In vertebrates, it has been argued that the development and evolution of an enlarged brain requires an increased basal metabolic rate or a compensatory reduction in the resources devoted to the formation of other metabolically costly tissues, leading to a reduction in the size of such organs. While the latter scenario is indirectly supported by comparative data, especially in primates, this inherently ontogenetic phenomenon has not been addressed in a mechanistic framework.
Our experimental study investigates the relationship between brain growth and cranial development in ß-catenin transgenic mice with remarkably increased levels of prenatal neurogenesis. To evaluate associated changes in skull form and control for variation in maternal resources among mouse litters, we directly compare data from transgenic and wild-type littermates. Ossification patterns in the limbs and skull were also analyzed to control for within-subject variation in skeletal formation. Transgenic mice, with relatively larger brains, are characterized by a corresponding decrease in the degree of cranial ossification for a given age, in contrast to the presence of similar rates of postcranial ossification between transgenic and wild-type mice. This disparity is most pronounced in the neurocranial vault, which is supplied by a greater number of vessels in common with the brain than the facial skull.
Mice with relatively larger brains had a decrease in cranial ossification. As modern humans are more encephalized than living apes and most extinct hominids, our findings provide unique insights into hominid evolution, particularly the “expensive tissue hypothesis” regarding energetic tradeoffs during neural and cranial development.