bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALMA deep field in SSA22: Survey design and source catalog of a 20 arcmin2 survey at 1.1 mm
Authors: Umehata Hideki , Hatsukade Bunyo , Smail Ian , Alexander David M , Ivison Rob J , Matsuda Yuichi , Tamura Yoichi , Kohno Kotaro , Kato Yuta , Hayatsu Natsuki H , Kubo Mariko , Ikarashi Soh 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
To search for dust-obscured star-formation activity in the early Universe, it is essential to obtain a deep and wide submillimeter/millimeter map. The advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has enabled us to obtain such maps with sufficiently high spatial resolution to be free from source confusion. We present a new 1.1 mm-wave map obtained by ALMA in the SSA22 field. The field contains a remarkable proto-cluster at z = 3.09; therefore, it is an ideal region to investigate the role of a large-scale cosmic web on dust-obscured star formation. The typical 1σ depth of our map is 73 μJy beam−1 with a ${0^{^{\prime\prime}_{.}}5}$ resolution. Combining the present survey with earlier, archived observations, we map an area of 20 arcmin2 (71 comoving Mpc2 at z = 3.09). Within the combined survey area we have detected 35 sources at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) &gt;5, with flux densities of S1.1mm = 0.43–5.6 mJy, equivalent to star-formation rates of ≳100–1000 M⊙ yr−1 at z = 3.09, for a Chabrier initial mass function: 17 sources out of 35 are new detections. The cumulative number counts show an excess by a factor of three to five compared to blank fields. The excess suggests enhanced, dust-enshrouded star-formation activity in the proto-cluster on a 10 comoving Mpc scale, indicating accelerated galaxy evolution in this overdense region.
Functional Neuroanatomy of Emotion and Its Regulation in PTSD
Authors: Fitzgerald Jacklynn M. , DiGangi Julia A. , Phan K. Luan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating disorder, linked to profound mental, physical, occupational, and functional impairment. In addition, it is a highly complex disorder, characterized by symptom heterogeneity across multiple domains. Nevertheless, emotion dysregulation arising from the exaggerated response to threat or from the inability to regulate negative emotional states plays a defining role in the pathophysiology of PTSD. In order to improve our understanding of how emotion dysregulation manifests in this illness, functional neuroimaging research over the past 20 years provides great insight into underlying neuroanatomy of each component of emotion dysregulation in the context of PTSD. While prior reviews exist on the topic of neuroimaging findings in PTSD, the present review synthesizes that work through the lens of emotion and its regulation. Studies that employed tasks of emotional responding and symptom provocation, implicit regulation (e.g., emotional Stroop and interference), explicit regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal), and fear conditioning/extinction were reviewed. Findings demonstrate that emotion dysregulation in PTSD arises from complications within a large neurocircuitry involving the amygdala, insula, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex. Although an exaggerated response in the amygdala and insula to negative emotional triggers is pervasive, PTSD is also marked by deficient appraisal, resolution, and management of negative emotional states subserved by the anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex during regulation. These findings further support the importance of studying emotion-regulation deficits in tandem with exaggerated symptom provocation in order to better understand the constellation of symptoms present in those with PTSD.
Evidenced-Based Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Updated Review of Validated Psychotherapeutic and Pharmacological Approaches
Authors: Charney Meredith E. , Hellberg Samantha N. , Bui Eric , Simon Naomi M. 
Published: May 2018

Learning objectivesAfter participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Evaluate psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic approaches to treating patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.AbstractA strong evidence base exists for psychological and pharmacological interventions for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The published literature investigating the effectiveness of these treatments in reducing the symptoms and impairments associated with PTSD has expanded substantially in recent years. This review provides a concise overview of the empirical literature examining these treatment approaches. Evidence-based, trauma-focused therapies are recommended as first-line interventions, with the most support for cognitive- and exposure-based approaches. Prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy are the two most cited and rigorously investigated. Various other evidence-supported protocols are discussed. Pharmacotherapies can be used when evidence-based psychotherapies are not available or are ineffective, or on the basis of patient preference. Pharmacotherapy with the most support for PTSD includes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Evidence supports the implementation of these interventions across genders, populations, and settings. Given that little research directly compares the effectiveness of different PTSD interventions and their mechanisms of action, it remains uncertain how to best select and tailor treatments to optimize individual outcomes. Future directions and novel, ongoing research are discussed.
Glucocorticoids and Hippocampal Structure and Function in PTSD
Authors: Szeszko Philip R. , Lehrner Amy , Yehuda Rachel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This review examines the putative link between glucocorticoid and hippocampal abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity in PTSD may permit enhanced negative feedback inhibition of cortisol at the pituitary, hypothalamus, or other brain regions comprising the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and would be expected to affect other physiological systems that are regulated by glucocorticoids. Molecular and transcriptional studies of cortisol are consistent with the hypothesis that cortisol actions may be amplified in PTSD as a result of enhanced GR sensitivity in monocytes and some brain regions, although cortisol levels themselves are unchanged and oftentimes lower than normal. Concurrently, magnetic resonance imaging studies have demonstrated that individuals with PTSD have smaller hippocampal volume than individuals without PTSD. Initial hypotheses regarding the mechanism underlying hippocampal alterations in PTSD focused on elevated glucocorticoid levels in combination with extreme stress as the primary cause, but this explanation has not been well supported in human studies. Lack of data from neuroimaging studies preclude a firm link between PTSD onset and hippocampal volume changes. Rather, the available evidence is consistent with the possibility that smaller hippocampal volume (like reduced cortisol levels and enhanced GR sensitivity) may be a vulnerability factor for developing the disorder; limitations of hippocampal-based models of PTSD are described. We further review neuroimaging studies examining hippocampal structure and function following manipulation of glucocorticoid levels and also examining changes in the hippocampus in relationship to other brain regions. Evidence that the GR may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of PTSD, especially for functions subserved by the hippocampus, is discussed. Implications of the current review for future research are described, with an emphasis on the need to integrate findings of glucocorticoid abnormalities with functional-imaging paradigms to formulate a comprehensive model of HPA-axis functioning in PTSD.
Fear Processing, Psychophysiology, and PTSD
Authors: Norrholm Seth Davin , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe processing and regulation of fear is one of the key components of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fear can involve both acute and potential threats that can manifest in different behaviors and result from activity within different neural nodes and networks. Fear circuits have been studied extensively in animal models for several decades and in human neuroimaging research for almost 20 years. Therefore, the centrality of fear processing to PTSD lends the disorder to be more tractable to investigation at the level of brain and behavior, and provides several observable phenotypes that can be linked to PTSD symptoms. Moreover, psychophysiological metrics of fear conditioning offer tools that can be used to shift diagnostic paradigms in psychiatry toward neurobiology—consistent with a Research Domain Criteria approach to PTSD. In general, mammalian fear processing can be divided into fear learning (or acquisition), during which an association develops between previously neutral stimuli and aversive outcomes, and fear extinction, in which the latter associations are suppressed by a new form of learning. This review describes translational research in both fear acquisition and extinction, along with their relevance to PTSD and PTSD treatment, focusing specifically on the empirical value and potential clinical utility of psychophysiological methods.
Experience and Prognosis of Systemic Neonatal Thrombosis at a Level III NICU
Authors: Unal Sevim , Gönülal Deniz , Siyah Bilgin Betül , Koşan Çulha Vildan , Yarali Neşe 
Published: May 2018

Objective:The objective of this article was to evaluate neonates diagnosed systemic thrombosis and their outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated data of neonatal systemic thrombosis between January 2011 and December 2016.Results:Among 4376 hospitalized, 30 neonates (0.69%) were diagnosed systemic thrombosis. Their mean birth weight was 2422±1152 g (680 to 4750 g), gestational age was 35±5.4 weeks (25 to 41 wk). There were 25 neonates (83.3%) with venous, 5 patients (16.7%) with arterial thrombosis. The most common sites that thrombi localized were major vessels (n=11) and central nervous system (n=8). Central catheter insertion (76.7%) and prematurity (46.7%) were the most common risk factors. Congenital prothrombotic risk factors included G1691A mutation in factor V Leiden (n=1), mutation in factor XIII (n=1), C677T mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (n=6). More than 1 congenital risk factor was identified in 5 patients. The patients were treated with low-molecular weight heparin. The mortality rate was 13.3% (n=4). Two patients required amputation (left foot, left upper extremity). Unilateral renal atrophy (n=1), cerebral palsy (n=2), hemiparesis (n=1) were identified among followed 24 patients.Conclusions:Critically ill neonates are at risk for thrombosis, and devastating consequences can result. As indwelling catheters and prematurity are important, careful monitorization, early diagnosis and therapy, cautious care of central catheter might reduce the incidence and adverse outcome.
Incidental Metastatic Melanoma Identified on 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT for Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Snow Hayden A. , Hofman Michael S. , Mitchell Catherine A. , Gyorki David E. , Smith Myles J.F. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A 78-year-old man with a history of surgically treated prostate cancer and melanoma underwent 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for biochemical recurrence of his prostate cancer. This revealed locoregionally recurrent prostate cancer and a separate PSMA-avid nodule in his left arm. Subsequent 18F-FDG PET/CT and excision confirmed this to be an in-transit melanoma metastasis. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT has become a widely used and valuable tool in the assessment of prostate cancer, particularly biochemically recurrent. Uptake of PSMA has been described in a multitude of different benign and malignant conditions, but it has only rarely been documented in melanoma.
Monitoring of Conjunctival Microcirculation Reflects Sublingual Microcirculation in Ovine Septic and Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Hessler Michael , Arnemann Philip-Helge , Zamit Frédéric , Seidel Laura , Kampmeier Tim-Gerald , Kathöfer Ulrich , Alnawaiseh Maged , Tchaichian Saman , Rehberg Sebastian , Ertmer Christian 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The conjunctival region may serve as an alternative site for microcirculatory measurements. The present study was performed to investigate the correlation of sublingual and conjunctival microcirculation in ovine models of septic and hemorrhagic shock.

Methods:
Septic shock was induced in 10 sheep by inoculation of feces into the peritoneal cavity until mean arterial pressure (MAP) was <60 mm Hg and arterial lactate level was ≥1.8 mmol· L−1. In another 10 sheep, hemorrhagic shock was induced by stepwise blood withdrawal of 3×10 mL·kg−1. Systemic hemodynamics and parameters of blood gas analysis were analyzed. Conjunctival and sublingual microcirculation were monitored and analyzed according to current recommendations. Parameters were measured at baseline and at shock time.

Results:
Septic shock resulted in a significant drop in MAP and cardiac index (CI), and an increase in arterial lactate levels. While the total vessel density (TVD) in the sublingual microcirculation was relatively well maintained, the perfused vessel density (PVD) and the microvascular flow index (MFI) were significantly reduced in septic shock. Hemorrhagic shock reduced MAP and CI, and increased arterial lactate levels. TVD was relatively unchanged in hemorrhagic shock, while PVD and MFI were significantly decreased. The conjunctival microcirculation showed similar changes to the sublingual microcirculation in both models.

Conclusions:
The findings of the current study support the proposed use of the conjunctiva as an alternative site for microcirculatory monitoring in hemorrhagic and septic shock. Further studies should focus on the impact of therapy and the loss of correlation between the different microcirculatory regions in advanced shock.
Sensory prediction errors, not performance errors, update memories in visuomotor adaptation
Authors: Lee Kangwoo , Oh Youngmin , Izawa Jun , Schweighofer Nicolas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSensory prediction errors are thought to update memories in motor 1 adaptation, but the role of performance errors is largely unknown. To dissociate these errors, we manipulated visual feedback during fast shooting movements under visuomotor rotation. Participants were instructed to strategically correct for performance errors by shooting to a neighboring target in one of four conditions: following the movement onset, the main target, the neighboring target, both targets, or none of the targets disappeared. Participants in all conditions experienced a drift away from the main target following the strategy. In conditions where the main target was shown, participants often tried to minimize performance errors caused by the drift by generating corrective movements. However, despite differences in performance during adaptation between conditions, memory decay in a delayed washout block was indistinguishable between conditions. Our results thus suggest that, in visuomotor adaptation, sensory predictions errors, but not performance errors, update the slow, temporally stable, component of motor memory.
Non-mydriatic chorioretinal imaging in a transmission geometry and application to retinal oximetry
Authors: Weber Timothy D. , Mertz Jerome 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe human retina is typically imaged in a reflection geometry, where light is delivered through the pupil and images are formed from the light reflected back from the retina. In this configuration, artifacts caused by retinal surface reflex are often encountered, which complicate quantitative interpretation of the reflection images. We present an alternative illumination method, which avoids these artifacts. The method uses deeply penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light delivered transcranially from the side of the head, and exploits multiple scattering to redirect a portion of the light towards the posterior eye. This unique transmission geometry simplifies absorption measurements and enables flash-free, non-mydriatic imaging as deep as the choroid. Images taken with this new transillumination approach are applied to retinal oximetry.OCIS codes: (170.4460) Ophthalmic optics and devices; (170.2945) Illumination design; (170.1470) Blood or tissue constituent monitoring.
Drug Target Identification and Virtual Screening in Pursuit of Phytochemical Intervention ofMycobacterium chelonae
Authors: Basharat Zarrin , Zaib Shumaila , Yasmin Azra , Tong Yigang 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTMycobacterium chelonaeis a rapidly growing mycobacterium present in the environment. It is associated with skin and soft tissue infections including abscess, cellulitis and osteomyelitis. Other infections by this bacterium are post-operative/transplant-associated, catheter, prostheses and even concomitant to haemodialytic procedures. In this study, we employ a subtractive genomics approach to predict the potential therapeutic candidates, intended for experimental research against this bacterium. A computational workflow was devised and executed to procure core proteome targets essential to the pathogen but with no similarity to the human host. Initially, essentialMycobacterium chelonaeproteins were predicted through homology searching of core proteome content from 19 different bacteria. Druggable proteins were then identified and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GlmU) was chosen as a case study from identified therapeutic targets, based on its important bifunctional role. Structure modeling was followed by virtual screening of phytochemicals (N > 10,000) against it. 4,4’-[(1E)-5-hydroxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-1-pentene-1,5-diyl]diphenol, apigenin-7-O-beta-gluconopyranoside and methyl rosmarinate were screened as compounds having best potential for binding GlmU. Phytotherapy helps curb the menace of antibiotic resistance so treatment ofMycobacterium chelonaeinfection through this method is recommended.
Gap perception in bumblebees
Authors: Ravi Sridhar , Bertrand Olivier , Siesenop Tim , Manz Lea-Sophie , Doussot Charlotte , Fisher Alex , Egelhaaf Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA number of insects fly over long distances below the natural canopy where the physical environment is highly cluttered consisting of obstacles of varying shape, size and texture. While navigating within such environments animals need to perceive and disambiguate environmental features that might obstruct their flight. The most elemental aspect of aerial navigation through such environments is gap identification and passability evaluation. We used bumblebees to seek insights into the mechanisms used for gap identification when confronted with an obstacle in their flight path and behavioral compensations employed to assess gap properties. Initially, bumblebee foragers were trained to fly though an unobstructed flight tunnel that led to a foraging chamber. After the bees were familiar with this situation, we placed a wall containing a gap that unexpectedly obstructed the flight path on a return trip to the hive. The flight trajectories of the bees as they approached the obstacle wall and traversed the gap were analyzed in order to evaluate their behavior as a function of the distance between the gap and a background wall that was placed behind the gap. Bumblebees initially decelerate when confronted with an unexpected obstacle. Deceleration was first noticed when the obstacle subtended around 35° on the retina but also depended on the properties of the gap. Subsequently the bees gradually traded off their longitudinal velocity to lateral velocity and approached the gap increasing lateral displacements and lateral velocity. Bumblebees shaped their flight trajectory depending on the salience of the gap, in our case, indicated by the optic flow contrast between the region within the gap and on the obstacle, which increases with decreasing distance between the gap and the background wall. As the optic flow contrast decreased the bees spent increasing time moving laterally across the obstacles. During these repeated lateral maneuvers the bees are likely assessing gap geometry and passability.
Neolithic and Medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of Hepatitis B
Authors: Krause-Kyora Ben , Susat Julian , Key Felix M. , Kühnert Denise , Bosse Esther , Immel Alexander , Rinne Christoph , Kornell Sabin-Christin , Yepes Diego , Franzenburg Sören , Heyne Henrike O. , Meier Thomas , Lösch Sandra , Meller Harald , Friederich Susanne , Nicklisch Nicole , Alt Kurt Werner , Schreiber Stefan , Tholey Andreas , Herbig Alexander , Nebel Almut , Krause Johannes 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most widespread human pathogens known today, yet its origin and evolutionary history are still unclear and controversial. Here, we report the analysis of three ancient HBV genomes recovered from human skeletons found at three different archaeological sites in Germany. We reconstructed two Neolithic and one medieval HBV genomes byde novoassembly from shotgun DNA sequencing data. Additionally, we observed HBV-specific peptides using paleo-proteomics. Our results show that HBV circulates in the European population for at least 7000 years. The Neolithic HBV genomes show a high genomic similarity to each other. In a phylogenetic network, they do not group with any human-associated HBV genome and are most closely related to those infecting African non-human primates. These ancient virus forms appear to represent distinct lineages that have no close relatives today and went possibly extinct. Our results reveal the great potential of ancient DNA from human skeletons in order to study the long-time evolution of blood borne viruses.