bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity and Structure−Activity Relationship of a Series of Newly Synthesized Pleuromutilin Derivatives
Authors: Li Yun‐Ge , Wang Ju‐Xian , Zhang Guo‐Ning , Zhu Mei , You Xue‐Fu , Hu Xin‐Xin , Zhang Fan , Wang Yu‐Cheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of novel thioether or sulfoxide‐type pleuromutilin derivatives containing heteroaromatic substituents at the end of C14 side chain were designed and synthesized. All of the derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some of them showed good to excellent antibacterial activity comparable to retapamulin and azamulin in most of the tested Gram‐positive pathogens. In this work, a five‐membered heterocyclic moiety, a pyrimidine‐heterocyclic moiety, or a benzoheterocyclic moiety was introduced in the C14 side chain to increase the structural diversity of the pleuromutilin derivatives. The antibacterial results reveal that the thioether‐containing pleuromutilin derivatives exert a more potency activity than the sulfoxide‐type derivatives against Gram‐positive pathogens. The structure−activity relationship summarized in this work may provide with some interesting clues as to which functionalities are beneficial for high antimicrobial activity of the pleuromutilin derivatives.
An overview of percutaneous coronary intervention in dialysis patients: Insights from a Japanese nationwide registry
Authors: Numasawa Yohei , Inohara Taku , Ishii Hideki , Yamaji Kyohei , Hirano Keita , Kohsaka Shun , Sawano Mitsuaki , Kuno Toshiki , Kodaira Masaki , Uemura Shiro , Kadota Kazushige , Amano Tetsuya , Nakamura Masato ,   on behalf of the J‐PCI Registry Investigators
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to provide an overview of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in dialysis patients from a Japanese nationwide registry.BackgroundLittle is known about dialysis patients undergoing PCI because few are enrolled in clinical trials.MethodsWe analyzed 624,900 PCI cases including 41,384 dialysis patients (6.6%) from 1,017 Japanese hospitals between 2014 and 2016. We investigated differences in characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes between dialysis and nondialysis patients, and assessed factors associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes.ResultsDialysis patients had more comorbidities than nondialysis patients and higher rates of complications including in‐hospital mortality (3.3% vs. 1.5%, respectively, in the acute coronary syndrome [ACS] cohort, 0.2% vs. 0.1% in the non‐ACS cohort) and bleeding complications requiring blood transfusion (1.1% vs. 0.4% in ACS, 0.5% vs. 0.2% in non‐ACS). Dialysis was significantly associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.62 in ACS, OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.66–3.05 in non‐ACS) and bleeding (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.30–1.96 in ACS, OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.27–1.88 in non‐ACS). For dialysis patients, age, acute heart failure, and cardiogenic shock were associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality in the ACS cohort, whereas age, female gender, and history of heart failure were associated with higher in‐hospital mortality in the non‐ACS cohort.ConclusionsPCI was widely performed for dialysis patients with either ACS or non‐ACS in Japan. Dialysis patients had a greater risk of adverse outcomes than nondialysis patients after PCI.
Equilibrium and Dynamic Adsorption of Bioethanol on Activated Carbon in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Hajilari Meysam , Shariati Ahmad , Khosravi-Nikou Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEquilibrium batch and dynamic column adsorption of bioethanol from the liquid phase on a commercial activated carbon was investigated. The effects of operational parameters, including flow rate, bed height, and initial solute concentration on the column breakthrough curve were studied. Axial dispersion was estimated by a tracer experimental breakthrough curve. Two mathematical models were developed to predict dynamic experimental results. The equilibrium results showed that the Toth isotherm could better predict the experimental adsorption data than the Langmuir model. The dynamic experimental results showed that increasing the flow rate decreases the column capacity. The macropore diffusion model and the linear driving force model were in good agreement with the experimental dynamic results.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Molecular Probes for Chromo‐Fluorogenic Sensing of Carbon Monoxide in Air, Aqueous Solution and Cells
Authors: Toscani Anita , Marín‐Hernández Cristina , Robson Jonathan A. , Chua Elvin , Dingwall Paul , White Andrew J. P. , Sancenón Félix , de la Torre Cristina , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Wilton‐Ely James D. E. T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOptical sensing offers a low‐cost and effective means to sense carbon monoxide in air and in solution. This contribution reports the synthesis of a new series of vinyl complexes [Ru(CH=CHR)Cl(CO)(TBTD)(PPh3)2] (R=aryl, TBTD=5‐(3‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole) and shows them to be highly sensitive and selective probes for carbon monoxide in both solution and air. Depending on the vinyl substituent, chromogenic and fluorogenic responses signalled the presence of this invisible, odourless, tasteless and toxic gas. Adsorbing the complexes on silica produced colorimetric probes for the ′naked eye′ detection of CO in the gas phase with a limit of detection as low as 8 ppm in some cases, while the release of the TBTD fluorophore allowed detection at much lower concentrations through the fluorescence response. Structural data were obtained by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques, while the photophysical behaviour was explored computationally using TD‐DFT experiments. The systems were also shown to be selective for CO over all other gases tested, including water vapour and common organic solvents. By introducing a poly(ethylene)glycol chain to the vinyl functionality, water compatibility was achieved and these non‐cytotoxic complexes were employed in the sensing of CO in HeLa cells, offering a simple and rapid system for sensing this gasotransmitter in this challenging medium.
Enhanced spectrum aggregation based frequency‐band selection routing protocol for cognitive radio ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Deva priya S. , Kannan N. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryProviding mobility along with maximum performance in shared spectrum environment is the main objective of Cognitive Radio Systems. Adopting substantial list of parameters to a spectrum aggregation based dynamic route frequency‐band switching is important in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad‐Hoc Networks (CR‐MANET). Frequent frequency‐band switching affects the performance of the CR‐MANET. In this work geographical position (GPS) detail and spectrum source blind‐spot details are added to the band selection procedure of the Cognitive Radio system. In addition a dedicated Path Prediction Procedure is added with the band selection algorithm to avoid undesirable frequency‐band switching of a mobile CR device. Optimized frequency‐band switching reduces unwanted handovers, thus switching delay and End‐to‐End delay are reduced. Power used to switching between bands is kept in control by sustaining in stable frequency band for longer durations. The combination of GPS data and Path Prediction Procedure is designed to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters like throughput, bandwidth utilization, and Energy efficiency.
Performance improvement in vertical heterogeneous handoff methodology using CANFIS classification approaches
Authors: Mohanapriya R. , Jayanthi K.B. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryDetection of malicious Base Stations (BS) in heterogeneous wireless networks is significant for developing an efficient system in wireless networks. In this paper, the handoff is performed between two different networks such as Wi‐Fi and WiMax, which may be located in different locations in the same region. The trust features, Cumulative Binary Features and Cost Index Features of each BS in different wireless network environment, are derived individually, which differentiates the behavior of the normal BS and malicious BS in different networks using Co‐Active Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) classification approach. The proposed methodology is compared with other state‐of‐arts methods for evaluating the individuality and efficiency. The proposed heterogeneous handoff methodology achieves 96.02% of packet delivery ratio, 90% detection rate, 94.6% of precision, and 15.99 ms of latency.
Survey on IoV routing protocols: Security and network architecture
Authors: Alouache Lylia , Nguyen Nga , Aliouat Makhlouf , Chelouah Rachid 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAs today, vehicles are equipped with wireless sensors and on‐board computers capable of collecting and processing a large amount of data; they can communicate to each other via different communication types and through different relay nodes. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) routing protocols are deployed to monitor these communications with various strategies to achieve a high availability of communication. In this paper, we propose to extend an existing taxonomy representing the necessary criteria to build IoV routing algorithms, by adding two new important criteria: security aspect and network architecture. Enhanced vehicular routing protocols with different security mechanisms have been studied, compared, and classified with respect to the authentication, the integrity, the confidentiality, the nonrepudiation, and the availability of data and communications. Routing protocols using the software‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm have also been reviewed in order to compare with those with traditional network architectures. Three types of SDN routing protocols, namely, centralized, decentralized, and hybrid control planes, have been analyzed. This survey will be useful for the choice of IoV routing protocols that take into account the flexibility, the scalability, and the intelligence of vehicular networks, as well as the security mechanisms against cyberattacks while being cost aware.
An enhanced two‐phase SVM algorithm for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ghazizadeh Elham , Abbasi‐moghadam Dariush , Nezamabadi‐pour Hossein 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCognitive radio (CR) networks have emerged recently to address the problem of spectrum scarcity. As reliable spectrum sensing (SS) is vital in low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for CR networks, we propose a novel method of enhancing support vector machines (SVM) classifier named as 2‐Phase SVM for the task of SS in a cooperative sensing structure. In this study, the vectors containing energy levels of primary users (PU) are considered as feature vectors and are fed into the classifier during training and test phase. First, the classifier is trained; afterward, the test feature vectors are labeled as channel available class or channel unavailable class in an online fashion by using 2‐Phase SVM, which is applied during two phases compared with the conventional SVM algorithm. The performance of suggested cooperative SS method is evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the functionality of our proposed algorithm is qualified in terms of misclassification error rate in addition to misclassification risk. The results reveal that 2‐Phase SVM outperforms previous methods since it not only increases the classification accuracy and reduces the misclassification risk but also enhances the detection probability.
Touch imprint (TI) cytology of needle core biopsies (NCB) in pathology laboratories: A practice survey of participants in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Non Gynecologic Cytopathology (NGC) Education Program
Authors: Padmanabhan Vijayalakshmi , Barkan Güliz A. , Tabatabai Laura , Souers Rhona , Nayar Ritu , Crothers Barbara A. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIntra‐procedural assessment of touch imprint (TI) cytology from needle core biopsies (NCB) is used to ensure sample adequacy and to provide immediate diagnosis in various settings. We aimed to survey laboratories for current practices on the use of cytology with NCB.MethodsA voluntary supplemental questionnaire including questions on demographics, personnel involved, sites, accessioning, and reporting was sent with the College of American Pathologists (CAP) 2015 Non gynecologic Cytopathology Education Program to survey practices of cytologic assessment of NCB.ResultsAmong 844 respondents, 403 (48%) performed cytologic assessment of NCB. Common body sites included lung (94%; 368/392), liver (87%; 340/ 392), and lymph nodes/spleen (77%; 303/392). Most of the time, a pathologist was present on‐site 75% (295/393) for adequacy assessment which was usually verbally reported to the provider performing the procedure. Specimens were prepared by cytotechnologists (50%; 193 of 388) or pathologists (45%; 176 of 388) by touching the core to the slide (50%; 196 of 390) and rolling the core on the slide (45%; 177/390). Among the respondents, 19% said that cytotechnologists independently performed immediate assessment of TI of NCB. Most laboratories (69%; 264/384) evaluated air‐dried slides with a modified Giemsa stain and rendered one TI/NCB combined report (87%, 334/385).ConclusionsThis is the first survey performed specifically to determine the practice of adequacy assessment of TI of NCB. Cytotechnologists are generally not performing adequacy assessment of TI without pathologist oversight. A single report is usually issued which includes the adequacy assessment as a part of the final report.
A 10 year retrospective review of fine needle aspiration cytology of cystic lesions of the breast with emphasis on papillary cystic lesions
Authors: He Xin , Wang Yihong , Nam Gahie , Lourenco Ana P , Pisharodi Latha 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) is a simple, safe, cost effective, and accurate method for diagnosis of cystic lesions of the breast. Our study aims to correlate FNA cytology of cystic lesions of the breast with the histologic diagnosis.MethodsDuring a period of 10 years (2007‐2017), 314 cases of breast cystic lesions were retrieved from a total 1073 cases of breast FNAs. Of these, 78 cases from 77 patients (mean age = 54.6, female: male = 76:1) with simultaneous FNA and core needle biopsy (CNB) and/or excision specimen were reviewed. The FNA cytology reports were correlated with the histology results of CNB (n = 72) and breast excision (n = 20).ResultsOverall, 73 of 78 (93.6%) FNA cases were concordant with CNB and/or excision results. Fifty‐five benign FNAs were all concordant with histology and reported as benign (negative predictive value = 100%). The positive predictive value of FNA with a malignant diagnosis was 100%, 71.4% for a suspicious diagnosis, and 33.3% for atypical cytologic diagnosis. Two of six papillary lesions were discordant with the concurrent CNB, but the FNA results were concordant with the final histology on excision.ConclusionsFNA allows accurate diagnosis of benign cystic lesions. FNA also plays a prominent role in evaluating cystic papillary lesions of the breast and helps to prevent false negative results on the simultaneous CNB. It is essential that FNA and CNB diagnoses be used in combination to make the correct diagnosis and for clinical management.
Does the urinary concentration of an inhaled beta‐2 agonist always reflect the inhaled dose and method of administration?
Authors: Fitch Ken 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe urinary threshold of 1000 ng/mL for salbutamol was established by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2001 following a study that was not undertaken for that purpose. At least 25 athletes have exceeded this concentration and some after inhaling no more than the permitted daily maximum dose of 1600 μg. However, there is concern that some providing expert evidence and tribunal members hearing such cases are unaware of the occasional unpredictability of the pharmacokinetics of beta‐2 agonists. The World Anti‐Doping Agency's (WADA's) change from 1 March 2018 to allow correction of urinary specific gravity (SG) down to 1.020 for prohibited substances with a urinary threshold is a major advance and will assist in some instances. However, future cases are anticipated to occur when athletes unexpectedly exceed the urinary threshold for salbutamol after inhaling no more than the allowable dose and within WADA's stated time frame. They will then be required to appear before doping tribunals. The rapidity by which salbutamol is inhaled can influence the resultant urinary concentration and is yet to be addressed adequately in WADA's 2019 Prohibited List. The list's recommended pharmacokinetic study fails to replicate the circumstances that prevailed when the athlete was competing and the adverse analytical finding (AAF) occurred. Tribunals, and experts who advise them, need to be cognizant that the urinary concentration of salbutamol does not invariably reflect the inhaled dose and that a high urinary salbutamol concentration is not always ipso facto evidence of super‐dosing with inhaled salbutamol.
Extraction of Oil from High‐Moisture Tuna Livers by Subcritical Dimethyl Ether: A Comparison with Different Extraction Methods
Authors: Fang Yizhou , Liu Shulai , Hu Wei , Zhang Jianyou , Ding Yuting , Liu Jianhua 
Published: November 2018

Tuna livers, which are currently discarded in the fish industry, are a valuable source of marine oil rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin A, and vitamin D. In this study, subcritical dimethyl ether extraction (SDEE) is applied in the extraction of oil from high‐moisture tuna livers. Furthermore, other different extraction methods including wet reduction (WR), enzymatic extraction (EE), and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE‐CO2) are used for comparisons, to assess the effect of different extraction methods on yield, oil quality, flavor (volatile compounds and sensory assessing), vitamin contents, and fatty acids composition. Compared with traditional methods, the high‐quality liver oil can be obtained with excellent yields by SDEE and SFE‐CO2, because they can prevent the oxidation of lipids, and, reduce the damage of PUFAs and vitamins effectively. Furthermore, only minor differences in volatile compounds and vitamins contents are observed between SDEE‐oil and SFE‐CO2‐oil, which is attributed to the differences in solubility to the solvents used. The oil with higher contents of vitamin A and α‐vitamin E can be obtained by SDEE. The main limitations of SFE‐CO2 are energy‐consuming due to high pressure used and the necessary pre‐treatment of freeze‐drying. However, these drawbacks could be overcome in SDEE because the pressure employed in SDEE is quite low (0.8 MPa) and the freeze‐drying is unnecessary. Therefore, SDEE would be a simple, effective, and promising technique to obtain the high quality oil rich in n‐3 PUFAs and vitamins in the fish oil industry.Practical Applications: Subcritical dimethyl ether extraction (SDEE) is a rising technology in oil extraction. It can extract oil from the high‐moisture materials without freeze‐drying under relatively low pressure. As is known, freeze‐drying is a necessary pre‐processing step in ordinary sub‐ and super‐critical fluid extraction. The high quality of oil can be obtained by SDEE, similar with the quality of the oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction, with dramatically declined operational costs.Subcritical dimethyl ether extraction (SDEE) can extract oil from the high moisture tuna livers without freeze‐drying under relatively low pressure. Furthermore, the quality of SDEE‐oil is similar to the quality of oil obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, but substantially better than the oil obtained by wet reduction and enzymatic extraction.
Development of Methods Used in the Extraction of Avocado Oil
Authors: Satriana Satriana , Supardan Muhammad Dani , Arpi Normalina , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida 
Published: November 2018

Avocado oil contains high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and many health‐promoting beneficial compounds. The oil can be extracted by various methods. The interest in new technologies as well as the lack of efficiency of available techniques to extract avocado oil have led to continual research on developing new extraction techniques. Avocado oil can be extracted by physical, chemical, and biological methods. New techniques to extract avocado oil need to be developed to improve overall extraction yields and selectivity of bioactive components from avocado and to produce high‐quality avocado oil. This review presents up‐to‐date knowledge on the developments in extraction techniques as well as the refining, characterization, and utilization of avocado oil.Practical Applications: Avocado oil has many nutritional values with potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industry. By considering the development of extraction process for avocado oil, as discussed in this review, many extraction techniques have been developed to gain an efficient process and produce high‐quality avocado oil.A typical avocado oil has high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and large amounts of health‐promoting, beneﬁcial compounds. Avocado oil can be extracted by various methods. Many new extraction methods are developed to improve overall extraction yields and selectivity of bioactive components from avocado and to produce high‐quality avocado oil.
Fast screening of aflatoxins in dairy cattle feeds with CE‐LIF method combined with preconcentration technique of vortex assisted low density solvent–microextraction
Authors: Gao Jing , Wang Jing , Wu Chengxin , Hou Fujiang , Chang Shenghua , Wang Zhaofeng , Pu Qiaosheng , Guo Ding , Fu Hua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAflatoxin contamination in agricultural products poses a great threat to humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to establish a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and inexpensive method for the simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in agricultural products. We used a vortex assisted low density solvent–microextraction (VALDS‐ME) technique for sample preconcentration and sample detection was achieved with a CE‐LIF method. Aflatoxins were separated in an uncoated fused‐silica capillary with the MEKC mode and were excited by a 355 nm UV laser to produce native fluorescence for detection. The obtained LOD and LOQ for the four aflatoxins were in the range of 0.002–0.075 and 0.007–0.300 μg/L, respectively, and the analysis time was within 6.5 min. Using the established method, aflatoxins were screened in naturally contaminated dairy cattle feed samples including alfalfa, bran, and corn kernel. The result shows that the alfalfa and bran samples were contaminated with aflatoxins to varying degrees. Compared with other analytical techniques for aflatoxin screening in agricultural products, this CE‐LIF method combined with VALDS‐ME preconcentration technique is simple, rapid, highly efficient, and inexpensive.