bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Polyethylene Glycol Powder and Polyethylene Glycol 40% Syrup in Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in Pediatrics
Authors: Kasiri Karam-Ali , Fekri Kiavash , Rouhi-Boroujeni Hojjat , Lotfizadeh Masoud , Asadpour Nabiallah , Mohammadi Hamid , Kasiri Niloufar , Deris Fatemeh , Ansaripour Sadra , Madmoli Mostafa 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in children that can lead to many complications. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of polyethylene glycol powder and polyethylene glycol 40% syrup to treat constipation.
Materials and Methods: This study was a nonrandomized semi-experimental clinical trial. The current study was conducted on 80 patients with constipation, referring to Imam Ali (PBUH) Clinic, Shahrekord randomly assigned to two groups of 40 each. Subjects were children under 15 years old with functional constipation selected by simple sampling since 2015. Group 1 was treated with polyethylene glycol powder and Group 2 was treated with polyethylene glycol 40% syrup for two months. During the treatment, the patients were examined five times with 2-week intervals and their symptoms consisting of defecation frequency, stool consistency, painful defecation, bloody defecation, and stool incontinence were registered in a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS24.
Results: The comparison of patients’ total status before and after intervention shows that two groups were assessed in the weak level in the polyethylene glycol powder group 28(0.70%) cases and syrup group 36(0.90%), while after intervention, polyethylene glycol powder group was assessed in the high level 35(87.5%) cases and syrup group 37(92%) cases and most of patients after intervention promoted from weak and intermediate level before intervention to High level.
Conclusion: The findings indicated similar efficacy and treatment response of the PEG powder and syrup. However, the PEG syrup can be used instead of its powder because of pleasant taste and ease of use.
Interleukin 15‐Presenting Nanovesicles with Doxorubicin‐Loaded Ferritin Cores for Cancer Immunochemotherapy
Authors: Zhai Yihui , Zhang Wen , Wang Jinming , Kong Ying , Rong Rong , Lang Tianqun , Zheng Chao , Wang Yanke , Yu Yang , Zhu Helen He , Cai Ying , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Yaping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterleukin 15 (IL15) is crucial for fostering the survival and proliferation of nature killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), playing a pivotal role in tumor control. However, IL15 supplementary therapy encounters challenges such as systemic inflammation and non‐specific stimulation of cancer cells. Herein, a nanovesicle termed DoxFILN, comprising a membrane presenting IL15/IL15 receptor α complexes (IL15c) and a core of doxorubicin‐loaded ferritin (Dox‐Fn) are reported. The DoxFILN significantly enhances the densities and activities of intratumoral CTLs and NK cells. Mechanistically, DoxFILN undergoes deshelling in the acidic tumor microenvironment, releasing Dox‐Fn and membrane‐bound IL15c. Dox‐Fn selectively target transferrin receptors on cancerous cells, facilitating intracellular Dox release and inducing immunogenic cell death. Concurrently, membrane‐bound IL15c recognizes and activates IL15 receptor β/γc heterodimers, leading to a remarkable increase in the proliferation and activation of CTLs (16‐fold and 28‐fold) and NK cells (37‐fold and 50‐fold). The IL15‐displaying nanovesicle introduced here holds promise as a potential platform for immunochemotherapy in the treatment of cancer.
United States pasture and rangeland conditions: 1995–2022
Authors: Bundy Logan R. , Gensini Vittorio A. , Ashley Walker S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUSDA National Agricultural Statistics Service pasture and rangeland condition data were used to establish a novel spatiotemporal climatology of condition ratings across the conterminous United States for the May–October grazing season over the 1995–2022 study period. On average, the coverage of grazing land that provides adequate or excess feed underwent a significant reduction during a typical season. Spatially, the southwestern United States exhibited the poorest grazing land conditions on average, with over 20 years below the national mean condition rating. At the national aggregated level, conditions degraded during the 28‐year study period, and the most significant trends were observed for grazing lands considered to have poor or very poor condition coverage, which increased. Robustly increasing trends in poor and very poor condition coverage were most apparent across the western half of the United States, which is predominantly rangeland. Meanwhile, the eastern half of the United States, which is mostly pastureland, generally experienced condition improvements. Overall, continued regional climatic changes that may result in increasing temperatures, variable precipitation totals, and subsequent soil moisture declines leading to increased drought instances will continue to impose challenges for grazing land managers. Grazing land condition declines can result in increased feed supply demand and reduced grazing capacity. Should these trends continue, there will be a growing need for flexible livestock, forage, and grazing management strategies in the coming decades to adapt to climate change‐induced impacts on water‐sensitive ecosystems.
Comparison of surveillance modalities in the surveillance of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma recurrence: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Patel Saawan D. , Thapar Isha K. , Workman Alan D. , Lopez Dana F. , Bitner Benjamin F. , Bukzin Hannah B. , Lerner David K. , Wilensky Jadyn , Douglas Jennifer E. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Tong Charles C. L. , Kuan Edward C. , Kohanski Michael A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) follows an aggressive course, and early detection is paramount. This study identifies the parameters of different surveillance modalities.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 105 SNSCC patients at three academic institutions from November 2009 to July 2024. Patient records were reviewed for demographics, tumor characteristics, endoscopy, CT, PET/CT, and MRI findings. Multivariable analyses were performed in RStudio.ResultsMean time to recurrence was 12.1 months (SD 13.9 months). Patients with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.041), endoscopic surgical approach (p = 0.015), and suspicious surveillance findings (p = 0.029) had higher rates of recurrence. Endoscopy showed a sensitivity of 18.5% and specificity of 99.2%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 45.5% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.0%. CT had a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 100.0%, with a PPV of 100.0% and NPV of 97.6%. PET/CT demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.2% and specificity of 90.8%, with a PPV of 64.5% and NPV of 97.6%. MRI showed a sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 97.1%, with a PPV of 65.6% and NPV of 97.9%. The median time from the last normal surveillance to recurrence was 2.07 months for endoscopy, 8.61 months for CT, 8.15 months for PET/CT, and 6.49 months for MRI.ConclusionsThe high specificity and NPV of endoscopy, alongside the high sensitivity of PET/CT, support a multimodal approach for surveillance. Given the mean onset of SNSCC recurrence at 12.1 months, surveillance beyond the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's asymptomatic 6‐month guideline is warranted, and follow‐up should be tailored to patient‐specific risk factors.
Regional cerebral blood flow reflects both neurodegeneration and microvascular integrity across the Alzheimer's continuum
Authors: Taghvaei Mohammad , Dolui Sudipto , Sadaghiani Shokufeh , Shakibajahromi Banafsheh , Brown Christopher , Khandelwal Pulkit , Xie Sharon X. , Das Sandhitsu , Yushkevich Paul A. , Wolk David A. , Detre John A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) typically involves both neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies, each associated with reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, it remains unclear whether vascular and neural contributions to regional CBF can be differentiated.METHODSUsing 3D background‐suppressed arterial spin labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated regional CBF in a cohort of 257 participants across the AD continuum and assessed the impact of risk factors for both AD and small vessel disease (SVD) on regional CBF.RESULTSVascular risk factors (VRFs) were associated with reduced CBF in normal‐appearing periventricular white matter, while amyloid positivity was associated with reduced CBF in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Putative SVD‐sensitive regions in white matter exhibited diagnosis‐related CBF changes comparable to those in typical AD cortical regions.DISCUSSIONSpatial patterns of hypoperfusion may differentiate AD and VRF‐related effects on regional CBF. Our findings also support the contribution of SVD in AD pathogenesis.Highlights
We used 3D background‐suppressed pCASL MRI to evaluate CBF across the AD continuum.
Putative SVD‐sensitive regions in white matter exhibited diagnosis‐related CBF changes.
AD and/or SVD risk correlated with reduced CBF in AD and/or SVD‐related regions.
VRFs were associated with more widespread CBF reductions than amyloid positivity.
Spatial patterns of hypoperfusion may differentiate AD and VRF‐related effects.
In/Outside Catalytic Sites of the Pore Walls in One‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Shuai , He Zejin , Li Xuewen , Mei Bingbao , Huang Yifan , Xu Qing , Jiang Zheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPore channels play a decisive role in mass transport in catalytic systems. However, the influences of the location of catalytic sites inside or outside of the pore walls on the performance were still under‐explored due, because it is difficult to construct sites anchored in or outside of pore walls. Herein, one‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks with precisely anchored active sites were used to explore the effects of channels on a typical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis. Electrocatalytic evaluations showed that single Pt sites located inside of the channels exhibited higher kinetic activity compared to those anchored outside. The in situ spectroscopic analysis revealed that local reconstruction of Pt−Cl breaking and potential‐induced anion transport occurred more effectively inside the channels. The superior anion transportability and kinetic activity of the inside‐channel active sites also facilitated *OH desorption during the ORR process outperforming their outside‐channel counterparts. The results of this study provide strategies for designing active sites in porous catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis.
Monodisperse Chemical Oligophosphorylation of Peptides via Protected Oligophosphorimidazolide Reagents
Authors: Qian Kevin , Hanf Björn , Cummins Christopher , Fiedler Dorothea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProtein poly‐ and oligophosphorylation are recently discovered post‐translational modifications that remain poorly characterized due to (1) the difficulty of extracting endogenously polyphosphorylated species without degradation and (2) the absence of synthetic and analytical tools to prepare and characterize poly‐ and oligophosphorylated species in biochemical contexts. Herein, we report a methodology for the selective oligophosphorylation of peptides with monodisperse phosphate chain lengths (Pn=3–6). A library of oligophosphorimidazolide (oligoP‐imidazolide) reagents featuring benzyl and o‐nitrophenylethyl protecting groups was synthesized in moderate‐to‐good yields (65–93 %). These oligoP‐imidazolide reagents enabled the selective and simultaneous conjugation of multiple phosphate units to phosphoryl nucleophiles, circumventing tedious iterative processes. The generalizability of this approach is illustrated by a substrate scope study that includes several biologically relevant phosphopeptide sequences, culminating in the synthesis of >60 examples of peptide oligophosphates (Pn=2–6). Moreover, we report the preparation of oligoP‐diimidazolides (Pn=3–5) and discuss their application in generating unique condensed phosphate‐peptide conjugates. We also demonstrate that human phospho‐ubiquitin (pS65‐Ub) is amenable to functionalization by our reagents. Overall, we envision the methods described here will enable future studies that characterize these newly discovered but poorly understood phosphorylation modes.
Alloying Strategy Regulating Size and Electronic Structure of Mo0.25Nb0.75Se2 to Achieve High‐Performance Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yuan Jia , Wang Peng , Song Ning , Wang Yu , Ma Jizhen , Xiong Shenglin , Li Xiaogang , Feng Jinkui , Xi Baojuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe utilization of catalysts in lithium−‐sulfur batteries has proven to be an efficacious avenue for enhancing the kinetics of polysulfide conversion. Specially, the size and electronic structure of catalysts play a pivotal role in harnessing the active sites and intrinsic catalysis activity. Outstanding MoSe2 and NbSe2 are were selected from 16 universal transition metal selenides based on the proposed binary descriptor. Then, an alloying strategy is was devised to prepare Mo0.25Nb0.75Se2 flakelets for further improvement of the intrinsic catalysis. The integration of density functional theory calculations and electrochemical analysis demonstrates that alloying Mo with Nb can regulate the surface energy and indexes of band match and lattice mismatch, thereby enabling Mo0.25Nb0.75Se2 to possess a small size, suitable adsorption energy and low reaction energy barrier. This optimization enhances the catalysis of sulfur reduction/evolution reaction and the reversible deposition/stripping of lithium. Consequently, an assembled Ah‐level pouch cell is realized with dramatic cycle stability. With the electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 2.36 μL mg S−1, the cell can deliver a high energy density of up to 505.4 Wh kgtotal−1. This work pioneers a universal strategy for sculpting the geometric configurations and electronic structures of catalysts, to achieve enhanced catalytic activity and precise interpretation of structure–activity relationships.
The Spin‐Selective Channels in Fully‐Exposed PtFe Clusters Enable Fast Cathodic Kinetics of Li‐O2 Battery
Authors: Rao Yuan , Yang Jiawei , Tian Jiaming , Ning Wenjie , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn Li‐O2 batteries (LOBs), the electron transfer between triplet O2 and singlet Li2O2 possesses a spin‐dependent character but is still neglected, while the spin‐conserved electron transfer without losing phase information should guarantee fast kinetics and reduced energy barriers. Here, we provide a paradigm of spin‐selective catalysis for LOB that the ferromagnetic quantum spin exchange interactions between Pt and Fe atoms in fully‐exposed PtFe clusters filter directional e‐spins for spin‐conserved electron transfer at Fe−Fe sites. The kinetics of O2/Li2O2 redox reaction is markedly accelerated as predicted by theoretical calculations, showing dramatically decreased relaxation time of the rate determining step for more than one order of magnitude, compared with the Fe clusters without spin‐selective behavior. In consequence, the assembled LOB provides ultrahigh energy conversion efficiency of 89.6 % at 100 mA g−1 under a discharge‐charge overpotential of only 0.32 V. This work provides new insights into the spin‐dependent mechanisms of O2/Li2O2 redox reaction, and the strategy of constructing spin catalysts at atomic level.
Molecular‐Squeeze Triggers Guest Desorption from Sponge‐Like Macrocycle Crystals
Authors: Zhang Linnan , Zheng Lifeng , Song Yingying , Huang Jingwei , Ning Hailong , Wang Leyong , Ma Jing , Jie Kecheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDesorption in conventional porous sorbents often employ external forces including inert gas blowing, heating, vacuum treatment to trigger guest release. We here report an unprecedented molecular‐squeeze triggered guest release behavior from sponge‐like macrocycle crystals. The crystals function as typical sponge to include guest molecules within their microscopic voids that are adaptively formed, thus acting as adsorbents for toluene/pyridine separations. Intriguingly, vaporized ethyl acetate (EA) molecules trigger the guest release from the crystals without entering the pores or voids of the crystals to replace the guests. Instead, they work as external forces applied directly onto the crystals themselves, ‘‘squeezing” the materials to close the voids through supramolecular interactions between EA and macrocycles on the crystal surface and release the guest molecules. Various experimental techniques as well as molecular dynamics simulations reveal the mechanism of the molecular‐squeeze induced guest release procedure. The EA‐regenerated crystals can be recycled multiple times without the loss of separation performance. Compared with conventional guest release procedure, this method is manipulated in a mild condition, showing the potential in saving cost and energy.
Bottom‐Up Strategy to Enhance Long‐Range Order of Poly(Heptazine Imide) Nanorods for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation
Authors: Wu Jiaming , Li Keyan , Zhou Bing , Li Rui , Yan Siyang , Liu Jiaxu , Shi Hainan , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPoly(heptazine imide) (PHI), one of the crystalline or long‐range ordered allotropes of polymeric carbon nitride, is a promising polymeric photocatalyst; however, preparation of highly crystalline PHI remains a challenge. Herein, through a bottom‐up strategy involving repair of structural defects and increase of specific surface area of melon precursor, we prepared PHI nanorods with dramatically improved long‐range order. The resulting PHI exhibited a shift of product selectivity in CO2 photoreduction from CO to CH4 with a high methanation activity in contrast to the pristine PHI with relatively low long‐range order. The improvement of long‐range order for PHI remarkably enhanced the separation efficiency and transfer kinetics of photogenerated charges as well as the adsorption for *CO intermediate. This study revealed the relationship between the precursor structure and PHI crystal growth in ionothermal synthesis, and also showcased the great potential of highly crystalline PHI in artificial photosynthesis.
A Generally Applicable Method for Disentangling the Effect of Individual Noncovalent Interactions on the Binding Energy
Authors: Altun Ahmet , Leach Isaac F. , Neese Frank , Bistoni Giovanni 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe introduce the fragment‐pairwise Local Energy Decomposition (fp‐LED) scheme for precise quantification of individual interactions contributing to the binding energy of arbitrary chemical entities, such as protein‐ligand binding energies, lattice energies of molecular crystals, or association energies of large biomolecular assemblies. Using fp‐LED, we can assess whether the contribution to the binding energy arising from noncovalent interactions between pairs of molecular fragments in any chemical system is attractive or repulsive, and accurately quantify its magnitude at the coupled cluster level ‐ commonly considered as the “gold standard” of computational chemistry. Such insights are crucial for advancing molecular and material design strategies in fields like catalysis and therapeutic development. Illustrative applications across diverse fields demonstrate the versatility and accuracy of this theoretical framework, promising profound implications for fundamental understanding and practical applications.
Development of Extramusculoskeletal Manifestations in Upadacitinib‐Treated Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis or Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis , Parikh Bhumik , Elewaut Dirk , Navarro‐Compán Victoria , Siebert Stefan , Paley Michael , Coombs Derek , Lagunes Ivan , Biljan Ana , Nakasato Priscila , Wung Peter , Lubrano Ennio 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the development of extramusculoskeletal manifestations (EMMs) among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) treated with upadacitinib 15 mg.MethodsData (cutoff: August 15, 2022) from five clinical trials in PsA (2), radiographic axSpA (r‐axSpA; previously ankylosing spondylitis) (2), and nonradiographic axSpA (nr‐axSpA) (1) were analyzed. Treatment‐emergent adverse events of EMMs including uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis were assessed in patients treated with placebo, upadacitinib 15 mg, or adalimumab (PsA only) and are reported as exposure‐adjusted event rates (events per 100 patient‐years [E/100 PY]).ResultsMost patients (87.1%–99.3%) did not have a history of EMMs at baseline. In PsA, development of uveitis and IBD were low regardless of treatment or prior EMM history; rates were similar with upadacitinib 15 mg and adalimumab. In r‐axSpA, development of uveitis was numerically lower (E/100 PY) in patients treated with upadacitinib 15 mg (2.8) versus placebo (7.5) and in patients with no history of uveitis (upadacitinib 15 mg 0.6; placebo 1.2) versus a history of uveitis (upadacitinib 15 mg 2.1; placebo 6.2); occurrence of IBD and psoriasis were low regardless of treatment or history. In nr‐axSpA, development of uveitis was low regardless of history but was numerically lower in patients treated with upadacitinib 15 mg (0.9) versus placebo (2.1); occurrence of IBD and psoriasis were low or absent.ConclusionIn patients with spondyloarthritis, development of EMMs was generally low with upadacitinib 15 mg. Uveitis was numerically lower in patients treated with upadacitinib 15 mg versus placebo, and particularly in r‐axSpA. Regardless of treatment in r‐axSpA, having a history of uveitis appeared to predispose patients for future uveitis events.image
2015 United States Public Health Service optimal fluoride level adherence and operation among adjusting water systems in 40 states: 2016–2021
Authors: Boehmer Theresa J. , Hamilton Erin K. , Lesaja Srdjan , Thomas Bertram , Espinoza Lorena , Kaufmann Rachel , Ladva Chandresh N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn 2015, the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) set a target fluoride level for drinking water at 0.7 mg/L to maximize oral health benefits while minimizing any potential harms. Using water fluoridation operational data reported by water systems to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Water Fluoridation Reporting System (WFRS) during 2016–2021, this study assesses how water systems performed around this target. The authors summarize completeness of data reporting, assess the distribution of monthly average fluoride readings (MAFR) values, and evaluate precision in maintaining fluoride levels. About 69% of adjusting systems provided data, with an average completeness of 63.8% among them. MAFR mean was 0.71 mg/L (SD: 0.20 mg/L), indicating that water systems have primarily adopted the USPHS target. About 76% of MAFRs fell ± 0.1 mg/L around the reporting system point's mean, indicating feasibility in maintaining precision around a target. State programs and water systems could work together to improve data quality and educate operators on best practices.