bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic study of device structure on DC and small‐signal characteristics of millimeter‐wave AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Mi Minhan , Ma Xiaohua , Yang Ling , Zhang Meng , Wu Sheng , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the relationship between the gate structure, passivation structure, short‐channel effect, source‐drain distance, DC, and the small‐signal characteristic of a device is studied through simulations. By studying the gate structure and passivation layer, it is concluded that the operating frequency of a device increases as the gate length decreases. However, as the gate length decreases, the gate resistance becomes the main factor restricting the small‐signal performance. In order to solve the contradiction between the gate resistance and gate length, a T‐shaped gate structure is studied, in which the gate height, gate cap, and passivation layer thickness are optimized. It is found that when the gate height and gate cap are 120 and 500 nm, respectively, the parasitic capacitance introduced by the gate cap can be minimized. Meanwhile, the influence of gate resistance on the small‐signal gain can also be reduced. Besides, the short‐channel effect is analyzed, and the scheme for improving the short‐channel effect is proposed. By analyzing the source‐drain distance, and considering the influence of parasitic capacitance and resistance on the small‐signal characteristic, the gate‐source spacing is determined to be 0.9 μm. The design of a gate‐drain spacing is mainly based on the influence of a breakdown voltage; therefore, the gate‐drain spacing should be 1.5 to 2 μm.
STRONG INADEQUATE, an experiment for detection of small J(C,C) couplings in symmetrical molecules
Authors: Blechta Vratislav , Sýkora Jan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new version of the two‐dimensional INADEQUATE experiment was designed for detection of small couplings between equivalent carbon atoms separated in the molecule by several bonds, where other techniques fail due to rich line splitting and mutual peak cancellation in many molecules. As the proposed method is suitable for detection of couplings in strongly coupled systems in general, we propose the name STRONG INADEQUATE in the paper. Similar to other methods for detection of couplings between equivalent carbons, the STRONG INADEQUATE experiment utilizes one‐bond carbon–proton coupling for creation of the effective chemical shift differences. The STRONG INADEQUATE experiment works superbly for nJCC, where n ≥ 3. Then the F1 pattern is reduced to a simple antiphase doublet with nJCC separation, and this pattern is also preserved when a symmetrical HC···C′H′ system is coupled to other protons. Even in the measurement of 2JCC couplings, the STRONG INADEQUATE experiment generates a much simpler pattern than the original pulse sequences for measurement of couplings between equivalent carbons.
Growth Performance of Atlantic Salmon Smolts Fed Diets Containing Heterotrophic Algal Biomass as Replacement of Fish Oil
Authors: Peterson B C , Burr G S , Barrows F T , Block Stephanie , Bowzer John , Buentello A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
One of the most widely cultured finfish in the world is the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, with over 2 million metric tons produced per year. Atlantic Salmon fillets are widely accepted by consumers as a source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). As feed producers shift from using marine ingredients to more terrestrial ingredients, producers need to monitor the fatty acid profiles of the fillets. Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (~280 g) were fed one of four diets during a 16-week feeding trial. The four diets were formulated with increasing amounts (0, 5, 10, and 15%) of a DHA-rich, whole dried algae (DHA = 20.3%) to reduce fish oil (12.7, 7.85, 3.00, and 0%, respectively). There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency, or the thermal growth coefficient. The proximate composition of the whole fish also did not vary due to dietary treatment. The amount of DHA in the fillets increased with increasing inclusion of the DHA-rich algal biomass. The organoleptic properties (basic and aromatic tastes) also did not vary due to diet. The apparent digestibility coefficient was about 66%. Overall, including a heterotrophic algal biomass in the diets of Atlantic Salmon while reducing fish oil supported equivalent growth while maintaining levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in the fillets.
Self‐Completion of the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form Is Feasible and Is Associated With Increased Awareness on Malnutrition Risk in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , de Bats Hester F. , Welink‐Lamberts Bertine J. , Gort‐van Dijk Dorienke , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Ottery Faith D. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess feasibility of self‐completion of the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG‐SGA SF) by head and neck cancer patients, and to assess self‐reported increased awareness regarding malnutrition risk after self‐completion.MethodsParticipants were randomized to complete the PG‐SGA SF by paper or app. Feasibility was assessed by time needed to complete the PG‐SGA SF, perceived difficulty, and help needed during completion. Participants were asked if they knew what malnutrition was (yes/no) and if they could define “malnutrition.” They were also asked 9 questions on whether they perceived increased awareness of malnutrition risk after having completed the PG‐SGA SF and 2 on their intention to change lifestyle habits.ResultsOf all participants (n = 59; 65.9 ± 12.6 years; 73% male), 55% completed the PG‐SGA SF paper version and 46% the Pt‐Global app. Median time needed for self‐completion of the PG‐SGA SF was 2 minutes 41 seconds (interquartile range: 1 minute 49 seconds–3 minutes 50 seconds). Forty‐eight percent needed help with completion, indicating acceptable feasibility. Participants who completed the Pt‐Global app needed help significantly more often (66%; 21/32) than those who completed the PG‐SGA SF paper version (26%; 7/27) (P = 0.005). All difficulty scores were excellent. For 7/9 questions on malnutrition risk awareness, >50% of the participants answered positively.ConclusionThe results of this study show that self‐completion of the PG‐SGA SF by head and neck cancer patients is feasible and that awareness regarding malnutrition risk may increase after completing the PG‐SGA SF.
Screening of oral potentially malignant disorders with iodine vital staining for outpatients
Authors: Kikuchi Takayoshi , Suzuki Taiki , Sugiura Takanori , Yuusuke Oomura , Sato Kazumichi , Nomura Takeshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLesions in the oral cavity are easily accessible. The most useful tool in screening of oral cancer is visual inspection and palpation by specialists; however, sometimes it is possible to overlook very small transformations of superficial oral lesions. Thus, oral surgeons have attempted to develop a screening method to detect malignant transformations of oral mucosal lesions. Iodine vital staining is not only the sole screening method for epithelial dysplasia surrounding oral cancers but can also be used to establish the surgical margin during removal of oral cancers. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a clinical presentation that may indicate the presence of oral cancer, whether in a clinically definable precursor lesion or in clinically normal oral mucosa. OPMDs were updated in the criteria of the World Health Organization in 2017. Notably, it is important to detect malignant transformations that may indicate the presence of superficial precancerous lesions at the early stage (mild to moderate) of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of iodine vital staining for screening of oral superficial mucosal lesions. We found that the sensitivity of 1% iodine vital staining for detecting OED was only 37.7%; however, combined with oral cytodiagnosis, the sensitivity was 45.5%.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and role of harakiri in the pathogenesis of myositis
Authors: Boehler Jessica F , Horn Adam , Novak James S , Li Ning , Ghimbovschi Svetlana , Lundberg Ingrid E , Alexanderson Helene , Alemo Munters Li , Jaiswal Jyoti K , Nagaraju Kanneboyina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe etiology of myositis is unknown. Although attempts to identify viruses in myositis skeletal muscle have failed, several studies have identified the presence of a viral signature in myositis patients. Here we postulate that in individuals with susceptible genetic backgrounds, viral infection alters the epigenome to activate the pathological pathways leading to disease onset. To identify epigenetic changes, methylation profiling of Coxsackie B infected human myotubes and muscle biopsies from polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) patients were compared to changes in global transcript expression induced by in vitro Coxsackie B infection. Gene and protein expression analysis and live cell imaging were performed to examine the mechanisms. Analysis of methylation and gene expression changes identified that a mitochondria‐localized activator of apoptosis – harakiri (HRK) – is upregulated in myositis skeletal muscle cells. Muscle cells with higher HRK expression have reduced mitochondrial potential and poor ability to repair from injury as compared to controls. In cells from myositis patient toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) activates and sustains high HRK expression. Forced over expression of HRK in healthy muscle cells is sufficient to compromise their membrane repair ability. Endurance exercise that is associated with improved muscle and mitochondrial function in PM and DM patients decreased TLR7 and HRK expression identifying these as therapeutic targets. Increased HRK and TLR7 expression causes mitochondrial damage leading to poor myofiber repair, myofiber death and muscle weakness in myositis patients and exercise induced reduction of HRK and TLR7 expression in patients is associated with disease amelioration. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived benefits and risks of participation in a clinical trial for Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Carman Aubri S. , Sautter Casey , Anyanwu Juliana N. , Ssemata Andrew S. , Opoka Robert O. , Ware Russell E. , Rujumba Joseph , John Chandy C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding factors that affect the decisions of caregivers of African children to enroll their children in clinical trials would lead to more fully informed consent.MethodsDuring the NOHARM study (NCT 01976416), a placebo‐controlled clinical trial of hydroxyurea for Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), 206 caregivers were given a semistructured questionnaire about factors that influenced participation in the study and their perceptions of study benefits and risks. Factors were further assessed with focus group discussions.ResultsCaregivers identified education provided during the recruitment process (44%), the child's current poor state of health (35%), and the possibility of improvement in the child's health (16%) as their primary initial reasons for deciding to participate in the NOHARM trial. Concerns regarding the drug or participation in a research study, including the stated concern of death by several caregivers, were outweighed by the possibility of improvement in the child's health. During the study, 72% of caregivers cited improved health as an advantage of study participation, while disadvantages cited included the potential side effects of hydroxyurea, most of which did not occur during the trial.DiscussionOur study findings highlight the generally poor state of health of Ugandan children with SCA, the desperation by caregivers for anything that could improve the child's health, and the inevitable improvements in care that result from strict adherence to a study protocol, even a protocol based on local guidelines. Studies in this vulnerable population must be careful not to portray improved care as a primary incentive for participation.
Parents' emotion socialization beliefs moderate relations between parent and patient coping, but not sibling coping, with pediatric cancer
Authors: Faith Melissa A. , El‐Behadli Ana F. , Frazee Laura A. , Pratt Chelsea D. , Stromberg Sarah 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated (a) differences in parents' emotion socialization (ES) beliefs for patients/siblings, (b) whether parents' ES beliefs predict patient/sibling coping, and (c) whether parents' ES beliefs moderate links between parent and patient/sibling coping with pediatric cancer.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based study of 134 pediatric cancer patients, their caregiver, and their nearest‐age sibling. Participants could complete measures themselves via paper‐and‐pencil or telephone, or researchers could read questions aloud.ResultsParents' ES beliefs differed for patients/siblings. ES beliefs did not directly predict patient/sibling coping but did moderate relations between parent and patient coping.ConclusionsDespite extent literature promoting universal emotion coaching ES, our study indicates that ES beliefs might have a complex relation with parent coping in predicting patient coping.
Single‐Atom Entanglement for a System of Directly Linked Two Cavities in the Presence of an External Classical Field: Effect of Atomic Coherence
Authors: Hanoura S. A. , Ahmed M. M. A. , Khalil E. M. , Obada A.‐S. F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Hamiltonian of a system composed of two standard Jaynes‐Cummings cells connected by the overlap of evanescent cavity fields, which allows photons to hop from the first cavity to the second and vice versa, and interacting with an external classical field, is simplified in the framework of unitary canonical transformations. James's method of the effective Hamiltonian is used in the derivation of two effective Hamiltonians with two completely dispersive regimes. Analytical expressions for the time dependent wavefunction and the elements of the reduced atomic operators for the different Hamiltonians are derived. The temporal evolution of atomic quantum entropy is calculated when the fields are initially in their vacuum states with various forms of the atomic initial states. Effects of the photon hopping strength, detuning and the various forms of the atomic initial states on the evolution of the von Neumann entropies are analyzed. The impact of the time‐average technique on the features resulting due to involving the controlling parameters and their influences on the considered functions is discussed. Damping is taken into account through a non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian and results are discussed. General conclusions reached are illustrated by numerical results.
Determinants of immigrants' concentration at local level in Spain: Why size and position still matter
Authors: Viñuela Ana , Gutiérrez Posada Diana , Rubiera Morollón Fernando 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the 2000s, and with natural population growth rates close to zero, Spain experienced an inflow of almost 5 million immigrants. These new Spanish residents did not tend to locate evenly across the territory and contributed to putting pressure on the already large spatial population imbalances between cities and rural areas, between the coast and the interior and between the central and peripheral areas. Covering the whole Spanish territory and using the 804 Spanish local labour markets as units of analysis, the objective of this paper is to analyse the local determinants of the attractiveness of a place for immigrants. The estimation of geographically weighted regressions (GWR) shows the necessity of including spatial heterogeneity in the analysis, as the effect of the traditional factors explaining immigrant concentration processes—such as job‐related characteristics or the networks established by previous immigrants—exert different and even contrary effects across the Spanish territory. Although global estimations would reject the significance of agglomeration economies or the relative location of a place, the adoption of the GWR approach shows that these regional economic factors are key to understanding the geographical concentration of immigrants in Spain but show different—even contrary—responses across space. Spatial heterogeneity supports the idea that any national/regional policy to enhance (or contain) immigrant concentration should be designed a la carte and be implemented at the local level.
Spotlight on Street Violence in a Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Howell Simon , Rauf Abdul , Zaman Muhammad , Zdun Steffen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn addition to the code of the street, we identified some emerging themes across three cases that spotlight the street culture of risky neighborhoods. Success, role of the family, new technologies as well as the perception of the police were the important themes that emerged from the storylines of the youth from these neighborhoods. Interestingly, most of the aspirations of these adolescents are aligned to middle-class values.
Experimental study of nanoparticles as catalyst in enhancing matrix acidizing for carbonate reservoir
Authors: Selvaraj Gomathi , Maulianda Belladonna , Wee Sia Chee , Akhir Nur Asyraf Md , Elraies Khaled Abdalla , Malakooti Reza , Prakasan Aruvin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Hydrochloric (HCl) acid is the most common stimulating fluid used in acidizing job due to its strong acidic property and low cost to create or enlarge existing wormhole within the reservoir. However, the HCl acid has rapid reaction with carbonate reservoir, and it is causing surface dissolution of the rock and lowering the penetration into the formation. Recent studies have shown the addition of nickel nanoparticles as catalyst to handle the problems in HCl acidizing. The nanoparticles are high-performance catalyst due to their high ratio of surface area to volume. The proposed method in this research is to mix the nanoparticles with the carbonate formation prior to the acid injection into the formation. The efficiency of the nanoparticles as catalyst depends on the thermodynamics property, which is surface energy of the materials used. The surface energy reduces as the size of particles become smaller. However, the effect of surface energy become insignificant on nanoparticles due to the small particles sizes, and the surface energy is based on the individual energy of the particles. Therefore, this research investigates the efficiency of silica, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide besides nickel nanoparticles based on their thermodynamics property in accelerating the conversion of CO2 gas into carbonic acid. The approach consists of investigating the efficiency of nanoparticles in different concentrations of carbonate and mass of nanoparticles. Suitable nanoparticles are proposed based on efficiency and cost in retarding the HCl reactivity and rapid formation of in situ carbonic acid. The concentration of carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−) is analyzed based on Henry’s law of solubility. The result shows that the silica has the best efficiency as catalyst in 6700 ppm Na2CO3 solution due to its high stability and dispersion in aqueous solution. The silica engages into rapid dissociation of water molecules and bind with OH− group to react with CO2 gas and form HCO3−. The nanoparticles reduce the reactivity of HCl through conversion of bicarbonate ions. However, ZnO gives better efficiency in 17,000 ppm of Na2CO3. The efficiency of silica in this concentration increased at 0.7 g, proving the minimum amount required as catalyst. In contrast, ZnO and Al2O3 have lower efficiency as acid retarder since changes in pH values affect the performance of the nanoparticles. The surface charge demonstrated by ZnO and Al2O3 depends on pH changes which makes these nanoparticles to perform inefficiently. The silica is chosen as the best catalyst due to high efficiency versus cost ratio.

Graphical Abstract
Massive recurrent post-tonsillectomy bleedings revealing a transient factor XIII deficiency in a 10-year-old boy. A case report
Authors: Jankovic M. , Choucair M.L. , Hallak B. , Hernandez E. , Russo M. , Llor J. , Kayemba-Kay's S. 
Published: May 2019

A previously healthy 10-year-old boy was hospitalized for a left cervical abscess associated with massive tonsillar hypertrophy. He underwent abscess drainage and bilateral tonsillectomy. At H36 post-surgery, he presented with tonsillar hemorrhage requiring surgical revision. Hemorrhage relapsed 2 days later, with a total of 7 episodes, 5 of which required surgical revisions. Laboratory investigations were normal except for a markedly low factor XIII (FXIII) activity at 7%. After administration of a single dose of 40 IU/kg plasma-derived FXIII (Fibrogammin®) I.V., the bleeding stopped with no further recurrence. FXIII activity gradually normalized (75%) at 6 weeks, confirming the transient character of factor XIII deficiency.
Severe congenital FXIII deficiency (FXIIID) (<1%) is very rare (1:2,000,000 births), whereas partial congenital deficiency and/or acquired deficiency may be more frequent but likely underreported. Acquired FXIIID may result from impaired synthesis (liver failure) or increased consumption (surgery, sepsis, leukemia, Henoch-Schonlein, inflammatory bowel disease, stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation). FXIII replacement in form of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or plasma-derived FXIII may be necessary for the presence of bleeding.
White Matter Hyperintensities Predict Cognitive Decline: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Qi Xuemei , Tang Huidong , Luo Qi , Ding Bei , Chen Jie , Cui Peijing , Chen Shengdi , Ling Huawei , Ma Jianfang 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Introduction: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were commonly seen in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the elderly. Many studies found that WMHs were associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the association between WMHs in different brain regions and cognitive decline remains debated. Methods: We explored the association of the severity of WMHs and cognitive decline in 115 non-demented elderly (≥50 years old) sampled from the Wuliqiao Community located in urban area of Shanghai. MRI scans were done during 2009–2011 at the beginning of the study. Severity of WMHs in different brain regions was scored by Improved Scheltens Scale and Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS). Cognitive function was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) every 2 to 4 years during 2009–2018. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, depression, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, brain infarcts, brain atrophy, apoE4 status, and baseline MMSE score, periventricular and subcortical WMH lesions as well as WMHs in cholinergic pathways were significantly associated with annual MMSE decline ( p &lt; 0.05), in which the severity of periventricular WMHs predicted a faster MMSE decline (–0.187 points/year, 95% confidence interval: –0.349, –0.026, p = 0.024). Conclusions: The severity of WMHs at baseline was associated with cognitive decline in the non-demented elderly over time. Interventions on WMH lesions may offer some benefits for cognitive deterioration.