bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete microtubule–kinetochore occupancy favours the segregation of merotelic attachments
Authors: Dudka Damian , Noatynska Anna , Smith Chris A. , Liaudet Nicolas , McAinsh Andrew D. , Meraldi Patrick 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKinetochores are multi-protein complexes that power chromosome movements by tracking microtubules plus-ends in the mitotic spindle. Human kinetochores bind up to 20 microtubules, even though single microtubules can generate sufficient force to move chromosomes. Here, we show that high microtubule occupancy at kinetochores ensures robust chromosome segregation by providing a strong mechanical force that favours segregation of merotelic attachments during anaphase. Using low doses of the microtubules-targeting agent BAL27862 we reduce microtubule occupancy and observe that spindle morphology is unaffected and bi-oriented kinetochores can still oscillate with normal intra-kinetochore distances. Inter-kinetochore stretching is, however, dramatically reduced. The reduction in microtubule occupancy and inter-kinetochore stretching does not delay satisfaction of the spindle assembly checkpoint or induce microtubule detachment via Aurora-B kinase, which was so far thought to release microtubules from kinetochores under low stretching. Rather, partial microtubule occupancy slows down anaphase A and increases incidences of lagging chromosomes due to merotelically attached kinetochores.
Synthetic cytokine receptors transmit biological signals using artificial ligands
Authors: Engelowski Erika , Schneider Artur , Franke Manuel , Xu Haifeng , Clemen Ramona , Lang Alexander , Baran Paul , Binsch Christian , Knebel Birgit , Al-Hasani Hadi , Moll Jens M. , Floß Doreen M. , Lang Philipp A. , Scheller Jürgen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCytokine-induced signal transduction is executed by natural biological switches, which among many others control immune-related processes. Here, we show that synthetic cytokine receptors (SyCyRs) can induce cytokine signaling using non-physiological ligands. High-affinity GFP- and mCherry-nanobodies were fused to transmembrane and intracellular domains of the IL-6/IL-11 and IL-23 cytokine receptors gp130 and IL-12Rβ1/IL-23R, respectively. Homo- and heterodimeric GFP:mCherry fusion proteins as synthetic cytokine-like ligands were able to induce canonical signaling in vitro and in vivo. Using SyCyR ligands, we show that IL-23 receptor homodimerization results in its activation and IL-23-like signal transduction. Moreover, trimeric receptor assembly induces trans-phosphorylation among cytokine receptors with associated Janus kinases. The SyCyR technology allows biochemical analyses of transmembrane receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo, cell-specific activation through SyCyR ligands using transgenic animals and possible therapeutic regimes involving non-physiological targets during immunotherapy.
Deep 2-photon imaging and artifact-free optogenetics through transparent graphene microelectrode arrays
Authors: Thunemann Martin , Lu Yichen , Liu Xin , Kılıç Kıvılcım , Desjardins Michèle , Vandenberghe Matthieu , Sadegh Sanaz , Saisan Payam A. , Cheng Qun , Weldy Kimberly L. , Lyu Hongming , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. , Devor Anna , Kuzum Duygu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent advances in optical technologies such as multi-photon microscopy and optogenetics have revolutionized our ability to record and manipulate neuronal activity. Combining optical techniques with electrical recordings is of critical importance to connect the large body of neuroscience knowledge obtained from animal models to human studies mainly relying on electrophysiological recordings of brain-scale activity. However, integration of optical modalities with electrical recordings is challenging due to generation of light-induced artifacts. Here we report a transparent graphene microelectrode technology that eliminates light-induced artifacts to enable crosstalk-free integration of 2-photon microscopy, optogenetic stimulation, and cortical recordings in the same in vivo experiment. We achieve fabrication of crack- and residue-free graphene electrode surfaces yielding high optical transmittance for 2-photon imaging down to ~ 1 mm below the cortical surface. Transparent graphene microelectrode technology offers a practical pathway to investigate neuronal activity over multiple spatial scales extending from single neurons to large neuronal populations.
One-dimensional quantum computing with a ‘segmented chain’ is feasible with today’s gate fidelities
Authors: Li Ying , Benjamin Simon C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBuilding a quantum computer with a one-dimensional (1D) architecture, instead of the typical two-dimensional (2D) layout, could be significantly less difficult experimentally. However such a restricted topology necessitates a large overhead for shuffling qubits and consequently the fault tolerance threshold is far lower than in 2D architectures. Here we identify a middle ground: a 1D segmented chain which is a linear array of segments, each of which is a well-connected zone with all-to-all connectivity. The architecture is relevant to both ion trap and solid-state systems. We establish that fault tolerance can be achieved either by a surface code alone, or via an additional concatenated four-qubit gauge code. We find that the fault tolerance threshold is 0.12%, a feasible error rate with today’s technology, using 15-qubit segments, while larger segments are superior. For 35 or more qubits per segment one can achieve computation on a meaningful scale with today’s state-of-the-art fidelities without the use of the upper concatenation layer, thus minimising the overall device size.
Distribution of tetraether lipids in sulfide chimneys at the Deyin hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implication to chimney growing stage
Authors: Li Huaiming , Lü Xiaoxia , Tao Chunhui , Han Tianwei , Hu Pengju , Zhang Guoyin , Yu Zenghui , Dong Chunming , Shao Zongze 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study presents analysis of four chimney samples in terms of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs), representing different growing stages of sulfide chimneys at the Deyin hydrothermal field, the southern mid-Atlantic ridge. The modified Bligh-Dyer method was used for lipid extraction and purification. GDGTs were analyzed with an Agilent 1200 series liquid chromatograph and 6460A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Our results showed that the intact polar GDGTs were more abundant than the core GDGTs in the 4 samples. The intact polar isoprenoidal GDGT-0 was the dominant composition (>70% of isoprenoidal GDGTs), indicating input of thermophilic Euryarchaeota. Most branched GDGTs were likely originated from the in situ thermophilic bacteria. However, the intact polar GDGTs in the sample at the late growing stage was similar to that in normal marine sediments, suggesting that the archaea mainly came from the planktonic Thaumarchaeota input. Our results suggested that the ratio of H-GDGTs to iGDGTs could be considered as a proxy to differentiated growing stages of a chimney. This study shed light on how to assess hydrothermal venting and sulfide chimneys in deep marine environments with a biomarker method in terms of different groups of GDGTs.
Identification of small molecule compounds targeting the interaction of HIV-1 Vif and human APOBEC3G by virtual screening and biological evaluation
Authors: Ma Ling , Zhang Zhixin , Liu Zhenlong , Pan Qinghua , Wang Jing , Li Xiaoyu , Guo Fei , Liang Chen , Hu Laixing , Zhou Jinming , Cen Shan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman APOBEC3G (hA3G) is a restriction factor that inhibits human immunodeficiency 1 virus (HIV-1) replication. The virally encoded protein Vif binds to hA3G and induces its degradation, thereby counteracting the antiviral activity of hA3G. Vif-mediated hA3G degradation clearly represents a potential target for anti-HIV drug development. Herein, we have performed virtual screening to discover small molecule inhibitors that target the binding interface of the Vif/hA3G complex. Subsequent biochemical studies have led to the identification of a small molecule inhibitor, IMB-301 that binds to hA3G, interrupts the hA3G-Vif interaction and inhibits Vif-mediated degradation of hA3G. As a result, IMB-301 strongly inhibits HIV-1 replication in a hA3G-dependent manner. Our study further demonstrates the feasibility of inhibiting HIV replication by abrogating the Vif-hA3G interaction with small molecules.
Kondo effect and enhanced magnetic properties in gadolinium functionalized carbon nanotube supramolecular complex
Authors: Ncube S. , Coleman C. , Strydom A. , Flahaut E. , de Sousa A. , Bhattacharyya S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report on the enhancement of magnetic properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) functionalized with a gadolinium based supramolecular complex. By employing a newly developed synthesis technique we find that the functionalization method of the nanocomposite enhances the strength of magnetic interaction leading to a large effective moment of 15.79 µBand non-superparamagnetic behaviour unlike what has been previously reported. Saturating resistance at low temperatures is fitted with the numerical renormalization group formula verifying the Kondo effect for magnetic impurities on a metallic electron system. Magnetoresistance shows devices fabricated from aligned gadolinium functionalized MWNTs (Gd-Fctn-MWNTs) exhibit spin-valve switching behaviour of up to 8%. This study highlights the possibility of enhancing magnetic interactions in carbon systems through chemical modification, moreover we demonstrate the rich physics that might be useful for developing spin based quantum computing elements based on one-dimensional (1D) channels.
Optimization of Photosensitized Tryptophan Oxidation in the Presence of Dimegin-Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Chitosan Systems
Authors: Solovieva Anna B. , Kardumian Valeria V. , Aksenova Nadezhda A. , Belovolova Lyudmila V. , Glushkov Mikhail V. , Bezrukov Evgeny A. , Sukhanov Roman B. , Kotova Svetlana L. , Timashev Peter S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBy the example of a model process of tryptophan photooxidation in the aqueous medium in the presence of a three-component photosensitizing complex (porphyrin photosensitizer-polyvinylpyrrolidone- chitosan, PPS-PVP-CT) in the temperature range of 20–40 °С, we have demonstrated a possibility of modification of such a process by selecting different molar ratios of the components in the reaction mixture. The actual objective of this selection is the formation of a certain PPS-PVP-CT composition in which PVP macromolecules would coordinate with PPS molecules and at the same time practically block the complex binding of PPS molecules with chitosan macromolecules. Such blocking allows utilization of the bactericidal properties of chitosan to a greater extent, since chitosan is known to depress the PPS photosensitizing activity in PPS-PVP-CT complexes when using those in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The optimal composition of photosensitizing complexes appears to be dependent on the temperature at which the PDT sessions are performed. We have analyzed the correlations of the effective rate constants of tryptophan photooxidation with the photophysical characteristics of the formed complexes.
Identification of Phenotypic Patterns of Dysphagia: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Garand Kendrea L. (Focht) , Armeson Kent E. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Martin-Harris Bonnie 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the current project was to explore the feasibility for subtyping dysphagia traits or patterns of scores in a subset of data from the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile global registry in patients referred to videofluoroscopic swallowing studies across 5 common medical categories: (a) cardiothoracic, (b) gastroenterology, (c) head and neck cancer, (d) neurology, and (e) pulmonary.

Method
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study imaging and Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile metrics were used to evaluate 235 patients with dysphagia grouped into 1 of the 5 categories. Two summative domain scores (oral total [OT] and pharyngeal total [PT]) and 17 component scores were tested for differences among the categories.

Results

When compared with the gastroenterology category, significantly higher OT/PT scores were observed in neurology and pulmonary categories (all
p
values < .05). Four oral and 6 pharyngeal domain components significantly differed across medical categories: tongue control during bolus hold (all
p
values < .04).

Conclusions
The results of this feasibility study demonstrate that summative scores of swallowing physiology alone are not sufficiently robust to distinguish subtypes of dysphagia in broad, heterogeneous medical categories. Using OT/PT as subtypes only separated gastroenterology from the other categories, suggesting overlap in OT/PT scores between the latter categories.
Predicting Receptive–Expressive Vocabulary Discrepancies in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McDaniel Jena , Yoder Paul , Woynaroski Tiffany , Watson Linda R. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Correlates of receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancies may provide insights into why language development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) deviates from typical language development and ultimately improve intervention outcomes.

Method
We indexed receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancies of 65 initially preverbal children with ASD (20–48 months) to a comparison sample from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories Wordbank (Frank, Braginsky, Yurovsky, & Marchman, 2017) to quantify typicality. We then tested whether attention toward a speaker and oral motor performance predict typicality of the discrepancy 8 months later.

Results
Attention toward a speaker correlated positively with receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancy typicality. Imitative and nonimitative oral motor performance were not significant predictors of vocabulary size discrepancy typicality. Secondary analyses indicated that midpoint receptive vocabulary size mediated the association between initial attention toward a speaker and end point receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancy typicality.

Conclusions
Findings support the hypothesis that variation in attention toward a speaker might partially explain receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancy magnitude in children with ASD. Results are consistent with an input-processing deficit explanation of language impairment in this clinical population. Future studies should test whether attention toward a speaker is malleable and causally related to receptive–expressive discrepancies in children with ASD.
Predicting Remembering: Judgments of Prospective Memory After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: O'Brien Katy H. , Kennedy Mary R. T. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeAdults with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often struggle with prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to complete tasks in the future, such as taking medicines on a schedule. Metamemory judgments (or how well we think we will do at remembering) are linked to strategy use and are critical for managing demands of daily living. The current project used an Internet-based virtual reality tool to assess metamemory judgments of PM following TBI.MethodEighteen adults with moderate to severe TBI and 20 healthy controls (HCs) playedTying the String,a virtual reality game with PM items embedded across the course of a virtual work week. Participants studied PM items and made two judgments of learning about the likelihood of recognizing the CUE, that is, when the task should be done, and of recalling the TASK, that is, what needed to be done.ResultsParticipants with TBI adjusted their metamemory expectations downward, but not enough to account for poorer recall performance. Absolute difference scores of metamemory accuracy showed that healthy adults were underconfident across PM components, whereas adults with TBI were markedly overconfident about their ability to recall TASKs.ConclusionsAdults with TBI appear to have a general knowledge that PM tasks will be difficult but are poor monitors of actual levels of success. Because metamemory monitoring is linked to strategy use, future work should examine using this link to direct PM intervention approaches.
How Do Children Organize Their Speech in the First Years of Life? Insight From Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Noiray Aude , Abakarova Dzhuma , Rubertus Elina , Krüger Stella , Tiede Mark 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This study reports on a cross-sectional investigation of lingual coarticulation in 57 typically developing German children (4 cohorts from 3.5 to 7 years of age) as compared with 12 adults. It examines whether the organization of lingual gestures for intrasyllabic coarticulation differs as a function of age and consonantal context.

Method
Using the technique of ultrasound imaging, we recorded movement of the tongue articulator during the production of pseudowords, including various vocalic and consonantal contexts.

Results
Results from linear mixed-effects models show greater lingual coarticulation in all groups of children as compared with adults with a significant decrease from the kindergarten years (at ages 3, 4, and 5 years) to the end of the 1st year into primary school (at age 7 years). Additional differences in coarticulation degree were found across and within age groups as a function of the onset consonant identity (/b/, /d/, and /g/).

Conclusions
Results support the view that, although coarticulation degree decreases with age, children do not organize consecutive articulatory gestures with a uniform organizational scheme (e.g., segmental or syllabic). Instead, results suggest that coarticulatory organization is sensitive to the underlying articulatory properties of the segments combined.
Non‐isolated high step‐up three‐port converter with single magnetic element for photovoltaic systems
Authors: Honarjoo Babak , Madani Seyed M. , Niroomand Mehdi , Adib Ehsan 
Published: May 2018

A new non‐isolated high‐voltage gain three‐port converter for standalone photovoltaic systems is proposed. The magnetic element of this converter is only one coupled inductor. The primary winding of the coupled inductor is shared between battery charger circuit and main converter. Leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor is either transferred to battery or is regenerated via the passive‐clamp circuit. Using switched capacitor and voltage lift techniques, the voltage gain is significantly increased for both low‐voltage ports. Single magnetic element, high‐voltage gain with reasonable duty cycle, low‐voltage stress on the switches, low winding turn ratio of coupled inductor and high efficiency are the merits of this converter. The operation principles and the steady‐state analysis are described for the three modes of: single‐input single‐output, single‐input dual‐output and dual‐input single‐output. To verify the theoretical analysis, a laboratory prototype with 28 V input, 48 V battery voltage and 380 V output voltage is implemented and tested.
Chirurgische Möglichkeiten der Glaukomtherapie
Authors: Dietlein Thomas , Rosentreter André 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Glaukomchirurgie erfährt einen Innovationsschub insbesondere durch neue Mikroimplantate. Auch lange bestehende glaukomchirurgische Verfahren, wie die Trabekulektomie oder die Drainageimplantatchirurgie, erleben eine Aufwertung durch eine Verbesserung ihres Risiko-Nutzen-Profils. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen chirurgischen Optionen der Glaukombehandlung.
Optische Versorgung von Sehbehinderten
Authors: von Livonius Bettina 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungIst bei einem Patienten eine medizinische Versorgung zur Verbesserung des Sehvermögens nicht mehr möglich, dann sollte baldmöglichst eine optische Versorgung mit Sehhilfen stattfinden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Vorgehensweise der Versorgung sehbehinderter Patienten mit optischen und elektronischen Hilfsmitteln und die Beratung über optimale Beleuchtung und Filterbrillen beschrieben.
Isoxazol-5-ones as Strategic Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
Authors: da Silva Amanda , Fernandes Alessandra , Thurow Samuel , Stivanin Mateus , Jurberg Igor 
Published: May 2018

Isoxazol-5-one rings have been identified as relevant motifs in drug candidates, agrochemicals, and materials. Furthermore, this heterocycle has been also applied as a versatile building block for the preparation of a variety of densely functionalized molecules. This short review will present the most representative applications of isoxazol-5-ones in organic synthesis while discussing their properties and reactivity.1	Introduction1.1	General Aspects1.1.1	Tautomerism1.1.2	Importance: Natural Products Isolation, Biological Activity, and Materials1.1.3	Preparation Methods2	Isoxazol-5-ones in Organic Synthesis2.1	General Reactivity2.2	Specific Examples2.2.1	Alkylation Strategies2.2.2	Alkyne Synthesis2.2.3	Annulation Reactions2.2.4	N–O Bond Insertions2.2.4.1 Preparation of 1,3-Oxazin-6-ones3	Conclusions
Thoracoplasty—Current View on Indication and Technique
Authors: Kuhtin Oleg , Veith Marina , Alghanem Mohammed , Martel Ivan , Giller Dmitrii , Haas Viktor , Lampl Ludwig 
Published: May 2018

Thoracoplasty was invented for removing cavities between thoracic wall and remnant lung or mediastinum. It was initially used in cases of tuberculosis or unspecific infections, while currently it is used mainly for space problems after lobectomy/pneumonectomy.This article presents an overview of the historical and current techniques of this surgical procedure.Nowadays, thoracoplasty is rarely performed due to the low incidence of diseases for which this method is necessary. Therefore, this method has even been discredited. Furthermore, certain technical aspects of the thoracoplasty are not very well known because of the infrequent application of this procedure.Unfortunately, a look into the literature of thoracoplasty is not always usefull due to the biased views of advocates of different techniques such as Schede's thoracoplasty, Heller's Jalousie-Plastik, Alexander's extramusculoperiosteal thoracoplasty, Bjork's osteoplastic thoracoplasty, etc.Not to forget, there has always been a lack of research on the relevance and on the several techniques of thoracoplasty.The point is precise indication and correct execution of thoracoplasty as a final therapeutic option, which allows a safe and definitive solution of the space problem even in complex cases, without creating serious functional and cosmetic impairment for the patient.The main types of thoracoplasty are described in this article. Although the core principle of this operation remains unchanged, modern techniques are often cosmetically more considerable and less destructive, compared with techniques that were used in the past.