bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐memory integration of existing software components for parallel adaptive unstructured mesh workflows
Authors: Smith Cameron W. , Granzow Brian , Diamond Gerrett , Ibanez Daniel , Sahni Onkar , Jansen Kenneth E. , Shephard Mark S. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryReliable mesh‐based simulations are needed to solve complex engineering problems. Mesh adaptivity can increase reliability by reducing discretization errors but requires multiple software components to exchange information. Often, components exchange information by reading and writing a common file format. This file‐based approach becomes a problem on massively parallel computers where filesystem bandwidth is a critical performance bottleneck. Our approach using data streams and component interfaces avoids the filesystem bottleneck. In this paper, we present these techniques and their use for coupling mesh adaptivity to the PHASTA computational fluid dynamics solver, the Albany multi‐physics framework, and the Omega3P linear accelerator frequency analysis applications. Performance results are reported on up to 16,384 cores of an Intel Knights Landing‐based system.
An RBF neural network–based dynamic virtual network embedding algorithm
Authors: Zheng Xiangwei , Zhang Yuang , Zhang Hui , Xue Qingshui 
Published: April 2018

SummaryNetwork virtualization is a promising technology, which is used to solve the existing shortcomings of the Internet architecture and in which virtual network (VN) embedding plays a vital role in resource allocation. However, current virtual network embedding algorithms mainly deal with static VN embedding; the allocations of network resources are constant and excessive in the VN requests' lifetime. In reality, the user's resource requirements usually change with time; hence, static VN embedding algorithms can lead to low utilization of substrate resources and reduction of the operators' revenues. To solve the aforementioned problem, we focus on the virtual network embedding considering dynamic demands in this paper. We apply supervised radial basis function (RBF) neural network to predict the changes of virtual requests and dynamically reallocate substrate resources by adjusting already allocated resources. Simulation experiments show that compared with the static algorithms, dynamic VN embedding schemes with supervised RBF can more accurately predict the demand changes of virtual networks, which adaptively adjusts resources allocation and management and therefore improves resource utilization of substrate networks.
New Styryl Phenanthroline Derivatives as Model D−π−A−π−D Materials for Non‐Linear Optics
Authors: Bonaccorso Carmela , Cesaretti Alessio , Elisei Fausto , Mencaroni Letizia , Spalletti Anna , Fortuna Cosimo G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFour novel push−pull systems combining a central phenanthroline acceptor moiety and two substituted benzene rings, as a part of the conjugated π‐system between the donor and the acceptor moieties, have been synthetized through a straightforward and efficient one‐step procedure. The chromophores display high fluorescence and a peculiar fluorosolvatochromic behaviour. Ultrafast investigation by means of state−of−the−art femtosecond‐resolved transient absorption and fluorescence up‐conversion spectroscopies allowed the role of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states to be evidenced, also revealing the crucial role played by both, the polarity and proticity of the medium on the excited state dynamics of the chromophores. The ICT processes, responsible for the solvatochromism, also lead to interesting non‐linear optical (NLO) properties: namely great two photon absorption cross‐sections (hundreds of GM), investigated by the Two Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) technique, and large second order hyperpolarizability coefficients, estimated through a convenient solvatochromic method.
Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Naturally Derived Juglone
Authors: Wu Jiapeng , Yu Dandan , Wang Guangzhen , Yang Jie , Wang Hua , Liu Xiaoyu , Guo Lin , Han Xiaodong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently, great efforts have been devoted to designing and fabricating flexible, lightweight, wearable, and miniaturized supercapacitors. At the same time, the exploration of green, renewable, and biocompatible energy‐storage materials has been attracting intensive attention. By taking fabrication and configuration design into consideration, the naturally derivable juglone molecule was exploited as an active charge‐storage material, and integrated into flexible and micro‐supercapacitor devices. The polypyrrole/juglone‐composite‐based supercapacitors exhibit significant energy‐storage capabilities with high specific capacitance and long cyclability, which are comparable to that of conventional electrode materials. This study presents a new way for developing flexible, lightweight, portable, and/or wearable electronic devices with biocompatible and environmentally friendly attributes.
In Situ Detection of Adenovirus DNA and mRNA in Individual Cells
Authors: Punga Tanel , Ciftci Sibel , Nilsson Mats , Krzywkowski Tomasz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInfection by DNA viruses such as human adenoviruses (HAdVs) causes a high‐level accumulation of viral DNA and mRNA in the cell population. However, the average viral DNA and mRNA content in a heterogeneous cell population does not inevitably reflect the abundance in individual cells. As the vast majority of virus infection studies is carried out using standard experimental procedures with heterogeneous cell populations, there is a need for a method allowing simultaneous detection and quantitative analysis of viral genome accumulation and gene expression in individual infected cells within a population. This article describes a padlock probe–based rolling‐circle amplification protocol that allows simultaneous detection of HAdV type 5 (HAdV‐5) DNA and various virus‐encoded mRNAs, as well as quantitative analysis of HAdV‐5 DNA copies and mRNA species, in individual cells within a heterogeneous population. This versatile method can be used to detect the extent of pathogenic DNA virus infection in different cell types over prolonged infection times. Furthermore, simultaneous viral DNA and mRNA quantification in individual cells allows identification of cells in which persistent infections may be established. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Piezofluorochromism in Charge‐Transfer Inclusion Crystals: The Influence of High Pressure versus Mechanical Grinding
Authors: Ono Toshikazu , Tsukiyama Yoshifumi , Taema Ai , Sato Hiroyasu , Kiyooka Hidetoshi , Yamaguchi Yuma , Nagahashi Ayumi , Nishiyama Manami , Akahama Yuichi , Ozawa Yoshiki , Abe Masaaki , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Y. Hisaeda at Kyushu University (Japan). The work is in collaboration with the group of Prof. M. Abe and Prof. Y. Akahama at University of Hyogo and Dr. H. Sato at Rigaku Corporation. The image shows multicolor piezofluorochromism in charge‐transfer crystals under high‐pressure using a diamond anvil cell. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cptc.201700227.
New Insights Toward Quantitative Relationships between Lignin Reactivity to Monomers and Their Structural Characteristics
Authors: Ma Ruoshui , Zhang Xiumei , Wang Yi , Zhang Xiao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe heterogeneous and complex structural characteristics of lignin present a significant challenge to predict its processability (e.g., depolymerization, modifications etc.) to valuable products. This study provides a detailed characterization and comparison of structural properties of seven representative biorefinery lignin samples derived from forest and agricultural residues, which were subjected to representative pretreatment methods. A range of wet chemistry and spectroscopy methods were applied to determine specific lignin structural characteristics such as functional groups, inter‐unit linkages, and peak molecular weight. In parallel, oxidative depolymerization of these lignin samples to either monomeric phenolic compounds or dicarboxylic acids were conducted, and the product yields were quantified. Based on these results (lignin structural characteristics and monomer yields), we applied for the first time the multivariable linear estimation (MVLE) approach using R Statistics (an open‐source programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics) to gain insight toward a quantitative correlation between lignin structural properties and their conversion reactivity toward oxidative depolymerization to monomers.
Photoelectrochemical Performance for Water Oxidation Improved by Molecular Nickel Porphyrin‐Integrated WO3/TiO2 Photoanode
Authors: Wei Peicheng , Lin Kaifeng , Meng Dedong , Xie Tengfeng , Na Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA WO3/TiO2 heterojunction photoanode was prepared by in situ growth of WO3 on a mesoporous TiO2 electrode. The photoinduced charge‐transfer properties and chargeseparation improvement in this kind of type‐II heterojunction were characterized by transient surface photovoltage spectra. By using sulfite oxidation as a hole scavenger, we demonstrated that 72 % of the photo‐generated holes are reaching the surface of the photoanode, but the efficiency of hole injection (ηox) into the electrolyte was only 48 %. For the first time, a NiII meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (NiTCPP) was incorporated as a water oxidation catalyst into the WO3/TiO2 heterojunction photoanode, which promoted the value of ηox to 81 %. The maximum applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency for the WO3/TiO2/NiTCPP photoanode was determined to be 0.2 % at 1.01 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), under which condition a Faradic efficiency of 89 % for water oxidation was achieved (averaged over 1 h of photolysis).
Living shorelines enhanced the resilience of saltmarshes to Hurricane Matthew (2016)
Authors: Smith Carter S. , Puckett Brandon , Gittman Rachel K. , Peterson Charles H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNature‐based solutions, such as living shorelines, have the potential to restore critical ecosystems, enhance coastal sustainability, and increase resilience to natural disasters; however, their efficacy during storm events compared to traditional hardened shorelines is largely untested. This is a major impediment to their implementation and promotion to policy‐makers and homeowners. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated rock sill living shorelines as compared to natural marshes and hardened shorelines (i.e., bulkheads) in North Carolina, USA for changes in surface elevation, Spartina alterniflora stem density, and structural damage from 2015 to 2017, including before and after Hurricane Matthew (2016). Our results show that living shorelines exhibited better resistance to landward erosion during Hurricane Matthew than bulkheads and natural marshes. Additionally, living shorelines were more resilient than hardened shorelines, as they maintained landward elevation over the two‐year study period without requiring any repair. Finally, rock sill living shorelines were able to enhance S. alterniflora stem densities over time when compared to natural marshes. Our results suggest that living shorelines have the potential to improve coastal resilience while supporting important coastal ecosystems.
The role of nurse successional stages on species‐specific facilitation in drylands: Nurse traits and facilitation skills
Authors: Fagundes Marina , Weisser Wolfgang , Ganade Gislene 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlant establishment is a challenge in semiarid environments due to intense and frequent drought periods. The presence of neighboring trees (nurses) can increase the establishment of seedlings (targets) by improving resource availability and microclimate. The nurse effect, however, might vary depending on nurse‐target species combinations but factors that predict this specificity are poorly known. We used a multispecies experiment to investigate the facilitation potential of trees from a range of successional stages, focusing on how nurse functional traits can predict species‐specific interaction outcomes. We conducted a factorial field experiment in a Brazilian semiarid tropical forest during a severe drought period. Sixty pairs of interacting tree species, 20 potential nurses, and three targets were used. Seedlings of all targets were planted both under and far from the nurse canopy, in a randomized block design replicated five times. Target growth and survival were monitored for 275 days from the beginning of the dry season, and interaction outcomes were calculated using the Relative Interaction Intensity (RII) index. Nurse functional traits such as successional stage, height, wood density, and canopy diameter were used as explanatory variables to predict RII values. The average effect of nurse species on target plants was in general positive, that is, seedling survival and growth increased under the nurse canopy. However, for growth pairwise interactions were significantly species specific. Successional stage was the only functional trait explaining RII values, with pioneer tree species being stronger facilitators than later successional trees. However, the explanation power of this variable was low, and positive, negative, or neutral interactions were found among nurse trees of all successional stages. Because seedling mortality during drought in semiarid systems is high, future studies should investigate how nurse traits related to water use could influence nurse facilitation skills.
Does reproductive isolation reflect the segregation of color forms in Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames complex (Orchidaceae) in the Chinese Himalayas?
Authors: Tao Zhi‐Bin , Ren Zong‐Xin , Bernhardt Peter , Liang Huan , Li Hai‐Dong , Zhao Yan‐Hui , Wang Hong , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIsolation between species, or taxa sharing a common lineage, depends primarily on the relative strengths of various reproductive barriers. Previous studies on reproductive isolation between orchids emphasized mechanical and ethological barriers in flowers of species showing food and/or sexual mimicry. In this study, we investigated and quantified a series of prepollination and postpollination barriers between pink and white forms of Spiranthes sinensis sl, a nectar‐secreting complex. We generated ML trees based on trnS‐G and matK to explore phylogenetic relationships in this species complex. Spiranthes sinensis sl segregated from some other congeners, but the white form constituted a distinct clade in relation to the pink form. The white form secreted 2‐Phenylethanol as it is a single‐scent compound and was pollinated almost exclusively by native, large‐bodied Apis cerana and Bombus species (Apidae). Apis cerana showed a high floral constancy to this form. The scentless, pink form was pollinated primarily by smaller bees in the genera Ceratina (Apidae), and members of the family Halictidae, with infrequent visits by A. cerana and Bombus species. Fruit set and the production of large embryos following interform pollination treatments were significantly lower compared to intraform pollination results for the white form. Our results suggested that pollinator isolation, based on color and scent cues, may result in greater floral constancy in white populations when both forms are sympatric as two different, guilds of pollinators forage selectively preventing or reducing prospective gene flow. Postpollination barriers appear weaker than prepollination barriers but they also play a role in interform isolation, especially in the white form. Our findings suggest that floral color forms in S. sinensis do not represent an unbalanced polymorphism. Interpretations of the evolutionary status of these forms are discussed.
Nightjars may adjust breeding phenology to compensate for mismatches between moths and moonlight
Authors: English Philina A. , Nocera Joseph J. , Green David J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhenology match–mismatch usually refers to the extent of an organism's ability to match reproduction with peaks in food availability, but when mismatch occurs, it may indicate a response to another selective pressure. We assess the value of matching reproductive timing to multiple selective pressures for a migratory lunarphilic aerial insectivore bird, the whip‐poor‐will (Antrostomus vociferus). We hypothesize that a whip‐poor‐will's response to shifts in local phenology may be constrained by long annual migrations and a foraging mode that is dependent on both benign weather and the availability of moonlight. To test this, we monitored daily nest survival and overall reproductive success relative to food availability and moon phase in the northern part of whip‐poor‐will's breeding range. We found that moth abundance, and potentially temperature and moonlight, may all have a positive influence on daily chick survival rates and that the lowest chick survival rates for the period between hatching and fledging occurred when hatch was mismatched with both moths and moonlight. However, rather than breeding too late for peak moth abundance, the average first brood hatch date actually preceded the peak moth abundance and occurred during a period with slightly higher available moonlight than the period of peak food abundance. As a result, a low individual survival rate was partially compensated for by initiating more nesting attempts. This suggests that nightjars were able to adjust their breeding phenology in such a way that the costs of mismatch with food supply were at least partially balanced by a longer breeding season.
Biofilm formation and toxin production provide a fitness advantage in mixed colonies of environmental yeast isolates
Authors: Deschaine Bernadette M. , Heysel Angela R. , Lenhart B. Adam , Murphy Helen A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMicrobes can engage in social interactions ranging from cooperation to warfare. Biofilms are structured, cooperative microbial communities. Like all cooperative communities, they are susceptible to invasion by selfish individuals who benefit without contributing. However, biofilms are pervasive and ancient, representing the first fossilized life. One hypothesis for the stability of biofilms is spatial structure: Segregated patches of related cooperative cells are able to outcompete unrelated cells. These dynamics have been explored computationally and in bacteria; however, their relevance to eukaryotic microbes remains an open question. The complexity of eukaryotic cell signaling and communication suggests the possibility of different social dynamics. Using the tractable model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which can form biofilms, we investigate the interactions of environmental isolates with different social phenotypes. We find that biofilm strains spatially exclude nonbiofilm strains and that biofilm spatial structure confers a consistent and robust fitness advantage in direct competition. Furthermore, biofilms may protect against killer toxin, a warfare phenotype. During biofilm formation, cells are susceptible to toxin from nearby competitors; however, increased spatial use may provide an escape from toxin producers. Our results suggest that yeast biofilms represent a competitive strategy and that principles elucidated for the evolution and stability of bacterial biofilms may apply to more complex eukaryotes.
Current challenges in distinguishing climatic and anthropogenic contributions to alpine grassland variation on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Lanhui , Zhang Yili , Liu Linshan , Wu Jianshuang , Li Shicheng , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Binghua , Ding Mingjun , Wang Zhaofeng , Paudel Basanta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuantifying the impact of climate change and human activities on grassland dynamics is an essential step for developing sustainable grassland ecosystem management strategies. However, the direction and magnitude of climate change and human activities in driving alpine grassland dynamic over the Tibetan Plateau remain under debates. Here, we systematically reviewed the relevant studies on the methods, main conclusions, and causes for the inconsistency in distinguishing the respective contribution of climatic and anthropogenic forces to alpine grassland dynamic. Both manipulative experiments and traditional statistical analysis show that climate warming increase biomass in alpine meadows and decrease in alpine steppes, while both alpine steppes and meadows benefit from an increase in precipitation or soil moisture. Overgrazing is a major factor for the degradation of alpine grassland in local areas with high level of human activity intensity. However, across the entire Tibetan Plateau and its subregions, four views characterize the remaining controversies: alpine grassland changes are primarily due to (1) climatic force, (2) nonclimatic force, (3) combination of anthropogenic and climatic force, or (4) alternation of anthropogenic and climatic force. Furthermore, these views also show spatial inconsistencies. Differences on the source and quality of remote sensing products, the structure and parameter of models, and overlooking the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of human activity intensity contribute to current disagreements. In this review, we highlight the necessity for taking the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of human activity intensity into account in the models of attribution assessment, and the importance for accurate validation of climatic and anthropogenic contribution to alpine grassland variation at multiple scales for future studies.
High Performance Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Capacitors Enabled by Pseudocapacitance of Layered MnO2
Authors: Zhang Yadi , An Yufeng , Jiang Jiangmin , Dong Shengyang , Wu Langyuan , Fu Ruirui , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAqueous sodium‐ion capacitors (ASICs) are becoming increasingly important due to the remarkable advantages of aqueous electrolyte about the excellent ionic conductivity, non‐flammability and low cost compared with organic systems. But, low capacitance of the electric double‐layer capacitive material and narrow potential window of aqueous electrolyte both have negative effects on the enhancement of energy density. Therefore, we employ typical pseudocapacitive material, layered MnO2/CNTs composite as cathode to fabricate sodium ion capacitor. It needs to be emphasized that the electrochemical process involves two kinds of energy storage mechanisms, such as the reversible Na+ adsorption/desorption onto the surface of each layer and fast Na+ (de)intercalation into the 2D interlayer space. Thus, the composite delivers a high specific capacitance (322.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and an excellent cycle stability (5000 cycles with capacitance retention of approximately 90 %). By means of the synergistic effects of the layered MnO2/CNTs cathode, sodium‐ion water‐in‐salt electrolyte (NaWiSE) and polyimide organic anode, the as‐assembled ASIC achieves a high energy density of 78.5 Wh kg−1, accompanied by high power density of 11000 W kg−1 and excellent cycle performance (even 77 % capacity retention after 10000 cycles).