bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric Response to the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event at Middle‐ and Low‐Latitude Stations Over China Sector
Authors: Liu Guoqi , Huang Wengeng , Shen Hua , Aa Ercha , Li Manxia , Liu Siqing , Luo Bingxian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe total electron content (TEC) recorded at two middle‐latitude stations (Mohe and Beijing), and four low‐latitude stations (Xiamen, Guangzhou, Nanning, and Kunming) in the China sector are analyzed to study the response of the ionosphere during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event in February 2018. The TEC and deviation of TEC (ΔTEC) present remarkable perturbation after the reversal of the zonal wind during the SSW period. The ΔTEC presents enhancement during the daytime and decreases after sunset, especially around the temperature peak. Results of wavelet power spectra analysis show that the ΔTEC shows intensive semidiurnal and diurnal oscillations during the SSW period. The percentage of dTEC exhibits moderate correlation with solar geophysical drivers (such as solar wind speed, F10.7, and Ap index) during the period of 11–26 February at low‐latitude stations. The significant correlation between equatorial electrojet and the percentage of dTEC monitored at low latitude indicates that the equatorial electrojet plays a key role in the anomaly perturbation and periodic oscillation of TEC, while it has a weak correlation at middle latitude.
A comprehensive examination of Nanopore native RNA sequencing for characterization of complex transcriptomes
Authors: Soneson Charlotte , Yao Yao , Bratus-Neuenschwander Anna , Patrignani Andrea , Robinson Mark D. , Hussain Shobbir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA platform for highly parallel direct sequencing of native RNA strands was recently described by Oxford Nanopore Technologies, but despite initial efforts it remains crucial to further investigate the technology for quantification of complex transcriptomes. Here we undertake native RNA sequencing of polyA + RNA from two human cell lines, analysing ~5.2 million aligned native RNA reads. To enable informative comparisons, we also perform relevant ONT direct cDNA- and Illumina-sequencing. We find that while native RNA sequencing does enable some of the anticipated advantages, key unexpected aspects currently hamper its performance, most notably the quite frequent inability to obtain full-length transcripts from single reads, as well as difficulties to unambiguously infer their true transcript of origin. While characterising issues that need to be addressed when investigating more complex transcriptomes, our study highlights that with some defined improvements, native RNA sequencing could be an important addition to the mammalian transcriptomics toolbox.
Microbiomes of Velloziaceae from phosphorus-impoverished soils of the campos rupestres, a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Camargo Antonio Pedro , de Souza Rafael Soares Correa , de Britto Costa Patrícia , Gerhardt Isabel Rodrigues , Dante Ricardo Augusto , Teodoro Grazielle Sales , Abrahão Anna , Lambers Hans , Carazzolle Marcelo Falsarella , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Foster Brian , Foster Bryce , Roux Simon , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mukherjee Supratim , Reddy T. B. K. , Daum Chris , Copeland Alex , Chen I.-Min A. , Ivanova Natalia N. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Pennacchio Christa , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Arruda Paulo , Oliveira Rafael Silva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rocky, seasonally-dry and nutrient-impoverished soils of the Brazilian campos rupestres impose severe growth-limiting conditions on plants. Species of a dominant plant family, Velloziaceae, are highly specialized to low-nutrient conditions and seasonal water availability of this environment, where phosphorus (P) is the key limiting nutrient. Despite plant-microbe associations playing critical roles in stressful ecosystems, the contribution of these interactions in the campos rupestres remains poorly studied. Here we present the first microbiome data of Velloziaceae spp. thriving in contrasting substrates of campos rupestres. We assessed the microbiomes of Vellozia epidendroides, which occupies shallow patches of soil, and Barbacenia macrantha, growing on exposed rocks. The prokaryotic and fungal profiles were assessed by rRNA barcode sequencing of epiphytic and endophytic compartments of roots, stems, leaves and surrounding soil/rocks. We also generated root and substrate (rock/soil)-associated metagenomes of each plant species. We foresee that these data will contribute to decipher how the microbiome contributes to plant functioning in the campos rupestres, and to unravel new strategies for improved crop productivity in stressful environments.
Characterization of phenolic compounds from Eugenia supra-axillaris leaf extract using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and pain killing activities in vivo
Authors: Hegazi Nesrine M. , Sobeh Mansour , Rezq Samar , El-Raey Mohamed A. , Dmirieh Malak , El-Shazly Assem M. , Mahmoud Mona F. , Wink Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathophysiology of several health disorders, among others inflammation. Polyphenols may modulate ROS related disorders. In this work, thirty-two phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in a leaf extract from Eugenia supra-axillaris Spring. ex Mart. using HPLC-MS/MS, five of which were also individually isolated and identified. The extract displayed a substantial in vitro antioxidant potential and was capable of decreasing ROS production and hsp-16.2 expression under oxidative stress conditions in vivo in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Also, the extract showed higher inhibitory selectivity towards COX-2 than COX-1 in vitro with higher selectivity towards COX-2 than that of diclofenac. The extract also exhibited anti-inflammatory properties: It attenuated the edema thickness in a dose dependent fashion in carrageenan-induced hind-paw odema in rats. In addition, the extract reduced the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity at the highest dose. Furthermore, the extract showed antipyretic and analgesic activities in a mouse model. Eugenia supra-axillaris appears to be a promising candidate in treating inflammation, pain and related oxidative stress diseases.
Potential of Punica granatum biochar to adsorb Cu(II) in soil
Authors: Cao Qinying , Huang Zhihong , Liu Shuguang , Wu Yiping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiochar as a promising adsorbent to remove heavy metals has attracted much attention globally. One of the potential adsorbents is biochar derived from punica granatum peels, a growing but often wasted resource in tropical countries. However, the immobilization capacity of punica granatum peel biochar is not known. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of punica granatum peel boichars pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 600 °C (referred as BC300 and BC600), and the efficiency and mechanisms of Cu(II) adsorption of five types of material treatments: BC300, BC600, soil only, and soils with biochar amendment BC300 and BC600, respectively, at the rate of 1% of the soil by weight. The results show that BC300 had higher yield, volatile matter content and organic carbon content, and larger pore diameter, but less ash content, surface area, pH, and cation exchange capacity than BC600. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity onto biochars and soils with biochar were greatly influenced by initial ion concentration and contact time. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity of biochar, independent of pyrolysis temperature, was around 52 mg g−1. The adsorption capacity of the soil amended with biochar nearly doubled (29.85 mg g−1) compared to that of the original soil (14.99 mg g−1), indicating superb synergetic adsorption capacity of the biochar-amended soils. The adsorption isotherms showed monolayer adsorption of Cu(II) on biochar, and co-existence of monolayer and multilayer adsorption in soils with or without biochar amendment. Results also suggest that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, and the rate-limiting phase of the sorption process is primarily chemical. This study demonstrates punica granatum peel biochar has a great potential as an adsorbent for Cu(II) removal in soil.
Anti-PCSK9 antibodies inhibit pro-atherogenic mechanisms in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice
Authors: Schuster Susanne , Rubil Sandra , Endres Matthias , Princen Hans M. G. , Boeckel Jes-Niels , Winter Karsten , Werner Christian , Laufs Ulrich 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a causal pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis. Monoclonal anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) neutralizing antibodies are novel potent LDL-lowering drugs which reduce cardiovascular events. To characterize their effect on atherogenesis, APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice were fed a high cholesterol/high fat diet (WTD) or normal chow (NC) for 18 weeks. Mice on WTD were injected with the human anti-PCSK9 antibody mAb1 (PL-45134, 10 mg*kg−1 s.c.) or 0.9% saline every 10 days. PCSK9 inhibition decreased total cholesterol in serum of APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice and prevented the development of atherosclerosis. The plaque area in the aortic root was reduced by half and macrophage infiltration determined by Ly6c and Mac-3 staining was ameliorated. PCSK9 inhibition decreased markers of inflammation in mononuclear cells (Il-6, Tnfa mRNA), and in serum (CXCL-1,-10,-13; complement factor C5a) compared to control WTD fed animals. The number of circulating Sca-1/VEGF-R2 positive endothelial progenitor cells of the peripheral blood and spleen-derived diLDL/lectin double positive circulating angiogenic cells was increased. To conclude, the PCSK9-mediated anti-atherosclerotic effect involves the upregulation of pro-regeneratory endothelial progenitor cells, a reduction of inflammation and change of plaque composition.
A Soft Pneumatic Inchworm Double balloon (SPID) for colonoscopy
Authors: Manfredi Luigi , Capoccia Elisabetta , Ciuti Gastone , Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe design of a smart robot for colonoscopy is challenging because of the limited available space, slippery internal surfaces, and tortuous 3D shape of the human colon. Locomotion forces applied by an endoscopic robot may damage the colonic wall and/or cause pain and discomfort to patients. This study reports a Soft Pneumatic Inchworm Double balloon (SPID) mini-robot for colonoscopy consisting of two balloons connected by a 3 degrees of freedom soft pneumatic actuator. SPID has an external diameter of 18 mm, a total length of 60 mm, and weighs 10 g. The balloons provide anchorage into the colonic wall for a bio-inspired inchworm locomotion. The proposed design reduces the pressure applied to the colonic wall and consequently pain and discomfort during the procedure. The mini-robot has been tested in a deformable plastic colon phantom of similar shape and dimensions to the human anatomy, exhibiting efficient locomotion by its ability to deform and negotiate flexures and bends. The mini-robot is made of elastomer and constructed from 3D printed components, hence with low production costs essential for a disposable device.
Distinct roles of Argonaute in the green alga Chlamydomonas reveal evolutionary conserved mode of miRNA-mediated gene expression
Authors: Chung Betty Y.-W. , Valli Adrian , Deery Michael J. , Navarro Francisco J. , Brown Katherine , Hnatova Silvia , Howard Julie , Molnar Attila , Baulcombe David C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is evolutionarily divergent from higher plants, but has a fully functional silencing machinery including microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translation repression and mRNA turnover. However, distinct from the metazoan machinery, repression of gene expression is primarily associated with target sites within coding sequences instead of 3′UTRs. This feature indicates that the miRNA-Argonaute (AGO) machinery is ancient and the primary function is for post transcriptional gene repression and intermediate between the mechanisms in the rest of the plant and animal kingdoms. Here, we characterize AGO2 and 3 in Chlamydomonas, and show that cytoplasmically enriched Cr-AGO3 is responsible for endogenous miRNA-mediated gene repression. Under steady state, mid-log phase conditions, Cr-AGO3 binds predominantly miR-C89, which we previously identified as the predominant miRNA with effects on both translation repression and mRNA turnover. In contrast, the paralogue Cr-AGO2 is nuclear enriched and exclusively binds to 21-nt siRNAs. Further analysis of the highly similar Cr-AGO2 and Cr-AGO 3 sequences (90% amino acid identity) revealed a glycine-arginine rich N-terminal extension of ~100 amino acids that, given previous work on unicellular protists, may associate AGO with the translation machinery. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this glycine-arginine rich N-terminal extension is present outside the animal kingdom and is highly conserved, consistent with our previous proposal that miRNA-mediated CDS-targeting operates in this green alga.
Classification of naturally evoked compound action potentials in peripheral nerve spatiotemporal recordings
Authors: Koh Ryan G. L. , Nachman Adrian I. , Zariffa José 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeripheral neural signals have the potential to provide the necessary motor, sensory or autonomic information for robust control in many neuroprosthetic and neuromodulation applications. However, developing methods to recover information encoded in these signals is a significant challenge. We introduce the idea of using spatiotemporal signatures extracted from multi-contact nerve cuff electrode recordings to classify naturally evoked compound action potentials (CAP). 9 Long-Evan rats were implanted with a 56-channel nerve cuff on the sciatic nerve. Afferent activity was selectively evoked in the different fascicles of the sciatic nerve (tibial, peroneal, sural) using mechano-sensory stimuli. Spatiotemporal signatures of recorded CAPs were used to train three different classifiers. Performance was measured based on the classification accuracy, F1-score, and the ability to reconstruct original firing rates of neural pathways. The mean classification accuracies, for a 3-class problem, for the best performing classifier was 0.686 ± 0.126 and corresponding mean F1-score was 0.605 ± 0.212. The mean Pearson correlation coefficients between the original firing rates and estimated firing rates found for the best classifier was 0.728 ± 0.276. The proposed method demonstrates the possibility of classifying individual naturally evoked CAPs in peripheral neural signals recorded from extraneural electrodes, allowing for more precise control signals in neuroprosthetic applications.
A randomized feasibility study of the effect of ascorbic acid on post-angioplasty restenosis of hemodialysis vascular access (NCT03524846)
Authors: Yang Chung-Wei , Wu Chih-Cheng , Luo Chien-Ming , Chuang Shao-Yuan , Chen Chiu-Hui , Shen Yung-Fang , Tarng Der-Cheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRestenosis remains a significant problem after angioplasty of hemodialysis vascular access. Both experimental and clinical studies have shown a protective effect of antioxidants against post-angioplasty restenosis. A prospective, randomized, feasibility study was conducted to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid to prevent restenosis. Ninety-three hemodialysis patients were randomized into three groups after angioplasty: placebo (n = 31), 300 mg ascorbic acid (n = 31), and 600 mg ascorbic acid (n = 31), treated intravenously 3 times per week for 3 months. Eighty-nine completed the clinical follow-up, and 81 had angiographic follow-up. In the angiographic follow-up, the mean (stand deviation) late loss of luminal diameter for the placebo, 300 mg, and 600 mg groups were 3.15 (1.68) mm, 2.52 (1.70) mm (P = 0.39 vs. placebo group), and 1.59 (1.67) mm (P = 0.006, vs. placebo group), with corresponding angiographic binary restenosis of 79%, 67% (P = 0.38 vs. placebo group), and 54% (P = 0.08 vs. placebo group). The post-interventional primary patency rates at 3 months were 47%, 55% (P = 0.59 vs. placebo group), and 70% (P = 0.18 vs. placebo group) for placebo, 300 mg, and 600 mg groups. Our results demonstrated that intravenous 600 mg ascorbic acid was a feasible therapy and might attenuate restenosis after angioplasty; however, its effect on post-interventional primary patency was modest.
Baseline designing and implementation approach for a Geo‐SAR tomography system
Authors: Bingji Zhao , Qingun Zhang , Chao Dai , Weiping Shu , MingMing Xu 
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a new method to design and implement the baseline of a geosynchronous Earth orbit synthetic aperture radar (Geo‐SAR) tomography system. Due to the satellite's orbital property, its ideal revisit cycle is 1 day, and it could be changed through raising or lowering the orbital height. As a result, the local ascending node longitude would move because of the orbital shifting, and all the passes' trajectories are nearly parallel. A baseline designing and implementation approach is advanced according to this characteristic. The cell array configuration and baseline length are illustrated by considering the demand of cross‐range resolution and ambiguity. This study analyses and simulates the Geo‐SAR tomography system baseline properties. Furthermore, a series of parallel trajectories are implemented by controlling orbital altitude as demanding during each cycle. A simulation experiment is performed to verify the efficiency and superiority of this approach, and the results show that it has a good effect on an L‐band mode Geo‐SAR tomography system with three‐dimensional resolution ∼10 m.
Modulation classification based on denoising autoencoder and convolutional neural network with GNU radio
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Wenfeng , Luo Feixiang , Wei Shaoming 
Published: July 2019

In this article, a machine learning method to classify signal with Gaussian noise based on denoising auto encoder (DAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. We combine denoising autoencoder's denoising ability with CNN's feature extraction capability. First, a six‐layer neural network is built, including three CNN layers. Then a dataset containing noiseless signal of 11 modulation is generated. In the simulation, we apply this dataset to train neural network and achieve an accuracy of 94%, which is much higher than performance with noisy signal, meaning that noise can greatly influence the accuracy of neural network. Next, we build a denoising autoencoder and train it with signal of 5 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Compared with neural network without denoising autoencoder, adding a denoising autoencoder can achieve an accuracy of 84% at signal of 18 dB SNR, improved by 58%.
The Hubble PanCET program: an extensive search for metallic ions in the exosphere of GJ 436 b
Authors: dos Santos L. A. , Ehrenreich D. , Bourrier V. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , López-Morales M. , Sing D. K. , Ballester G. , Ben-Jaffel L. , Buchhave L. A. , García Muñoz A. , Henry G. W. , Kataria T. , Lavie B. , Lavvas P. , Lewis N. K. , Mikal-Evans T. , Sanz-Forcada J. , Wakeford H. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The quiet M2.5 star GJ 436 hosts a warm Neptune that displays an extended atmosphere that dwarfs its own host star. Predictions of atmospheric escape in such planets state that H atoms escape from the upper atmosphere in a collisional regime and that the flow can drag heavier atoms to the upper atmosphere. It is unclear, however, what astrophysical mechanisms drive the process.
Aims. Our objective is to leverage the extensive coverage of observations of the far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectrum of GJ 436 obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) to search for signals of metallic ions in the upper atmosphere of GJ 436 b, as well as study the activity-induced variability of the star.
Methods. We analyzed flux time-series of species present in the FUV spectrum of GJ 436 and successfully performed geocoronal contamination removal in the COS Lyman-α profiles obtained near the Earth’s night-side.
Results. GJ 436 displays flaring events with a rate of ~10 d−1. There is evidence for a possibly long-lived active region or longitude that modulates the FUV metallic lines of the star with amplitudes up to 20%. Despite the strong geocoronal contamination in the COS spectra, we detected in-transit excess absorption signals of ~50 and ~30% in the blue and red wings, respectively, of the Lyman-α line. We rule out a wide range of excess absorption levels in the metallic lines of the star during transit.
Conclusions. The large atmospheric loss of GJ 436 b observed in Lyman-α transmission spectra is stable over the timescale of a few years, and the red wing signal supports the presence of a variable hydrogen absorption source besides the stable exosphere. The previously claimed in-transit absorption in the Si III line is likely an artifact resulting from the stellar magnetic cycle. The non-detection of metallic ions in absorption could indicate that the escape is not hydrodynamic or that the atmospheric mixing is not efficient in dragging metals high enough for sublimation to produce a detectable escape rate of ions to the exosphere.
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Can Arthroplasty be Avoided—A Brief Review of Common Interventions
Authors: Einhorn Thomas A. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Chen Kevin K. , Draper Thomas , Tsismenakis Tony , Iorio Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a rapidly progressive degenerative disease frequently affecting individuals within their fourth and fifth decade of life. Though often asymptomatic, patients with ONFH may present with a wide range of symptoms, including deep groin pain. There are many classification systems used to stratify disease severity, of which the Association of Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification system is currently the most comprehensive. Once diagnosed, an estimated 75% of patients will experience femoral head collapse within three years of diagnosis if left untreated. Currently, the only definitive intervention available for ONFH is total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, recent advancements have been made with respect to the available treatment modalities. In this article, the author review the management of ONFH, providing clinicians with the necessary information to counsel their patients.
Antitumor effects of MutT homolog 1 inhibitors in human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Lee Jeong Woo , Lee Sangchul , Ho Jin-Nyoung , Youn Je-In , Byun Seok-Soo , Lee Eunsik 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
As standard second-line regimen has not been established for patients who are refractory to or relapse with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, an effective class of novel chemotherapeutic agents is needed for cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer. Recent publications reported that MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) inhibitors suppress tumor growth and induce impressive therapeutic responses in a variety of human cancer cells. Few studies investigated the cytotoxic effects of MTH1 inhibitors in human bladder cancer. Accordingly, we investigated the antitumor effects and the possible molecular mechanisms of MTH1 inhibitors in cisplatin-sensitive (T24) and – resistant (T24R2) human bladder cancer cell lines. These results suggest that TH588 or TH287 may induce cancer cell suppression by off-target effects such as alterations in the expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins rather than MTH1 inhibition in cisplatin-sensitive and – resistant bladder cancer cells.
Abbreviations: MTH: MutT homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; DCFH-DA: dichlorofluorescein diacetate; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase