bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mind Readers
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neurology and psychiatry have a common ancestor: the neuropsychiatrist. How did this physician emerge in cinema, and when did the specialty move away from neurology? Fear of psychiatrists and damaged minds were exemplified in the expressionist masterpieces. Later, Hollywood became enamored with psychoanalysis, partly because more than a few actors, directors, and even producers were in analysis. Psychiatrists were considered “mind readers,” and this concept appeared early in psychiatry. Hollywood loved the idea that when we do not function as we should, a major childhood (or perceived) traumatic event is hidden somewhere in our subconscious. This simplification of the Freudian theory worked well and gave films a flashback structure in which sordid details could be revealed. Several iconic practicing movie psychiatrists have appeared, and although practice has changed, the portrayal of psychoanalysts has persisted.
The Imagining Brain
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Imagination disorders have found their way in cinema. They take the form of classic hysteria (better known as functional neurologic disorder), “the hysteric female,” and mass hysteria in young female teenagers. Cinema has also ventured into religious ecstasy and imagined demonic possession. The major depictions of each of these states are linked to the interpretations of the time. The “hysteric” is a preconceived opinion rather than a medical diagnosis. It is a prejudice that may have originated from hysteria, which, then and now, has a striking female preponderance. The brain can imagine illness, hear a message sent by God, or believe itself controlled by spirits, ghosts, or demons. Cinema always has a propensity to engage with the dark side of human nature, and it has used imaginative flourishes of these states. This chapter must address its unsettling history of this portrayal.
The Dreaming Brain
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
By cinematic standards, dreams are a hall of mirrors. By Freudian standards, dreams are “the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind.” Screenwriters and film directors preferred Freud’s interpretation and wanted to replicate it because it generated uncanny story lines drawing from a repository of repressed memories. It is a common horror trope. Audiences are deliberately left aghast trying to figure out what is imagination, dream, or reality. This chapter looks at how filmmakers have used this trope and how they have misunderstood their biologic function. Attention is paid to changed dreaming after brain injury and dreaming (or not) in coma or in a state of limbo. Many now believe dreams are our dramatic thoughts on what interests and concerns us. In dreams, we organize our impressions, including the ones we do not distinctly pay attention to, and, basically, create a “movie.”
The Drugged Brain
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recreational use of drugs and dope turn up widely in cinema. Alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal figured greatly in early film. Heroin and other opioid addictions figure strongly. So-called mind-altering drugs are creating an ideal visual world for filmmakers, who portray the human brain’s perception of time and visual disturbances that come with it. Many films have depicted the effects of psilocybin, LSD, and peyote, and mushrooms have been used to show hallucinatory dreams. What was cinema’s mindset, and what were they planning to curate? Was a ruthless, competitive society responsible for substance abuse, job loss, and poverty-stricken outcomes? Addiction is a public health problem, and cinema has found a way to show the crippling effects of drugs and dope. This chapter explores how the film industry responded to drug use disorders and increasing accessibility to drugs over time and how cultural changes (or shock) colored the narrative.
The Shocked and Lesioned Brain
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Invasive treatments to control severe and violent agitation or resolve severely depressed moods were introduced in the 1930s. Medical historians have struggled with these interventions, but few considered them “understandable” for the times. Shocking or piercing the brain to treat uncontrollable behavior was always an easy target. While it was possibly effective for some patients, filmmakers perceived it as an aggressive way of brainwashing the audience. How did ECT and psychosurgery enter cinema, how were they portrayed, and what was the potential effect on the audience? Audiences (and even healthcare workers in other specialties) may still not know how ECT is used in current psychiatric practices. Virtually no movie showed improvement after ECT; in fact, many movies implied that ECT made the patients worse. Lobotomy has been strongly associated with Dr. Walter Freeman. Films parody him, and one film was based on the supposed (never-corroborated) lobotomy of actor Frances Farmer.
Epilogue
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F.M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
How do directors imagine mental illness, and what do they want us to see? Their research can be in depth, or they rely on tropes they think the audience will easily recognize. A more realistic answer is that they do not need to know psychiatry or neuropsychiatry or have an acquaintance with mental illness or behavior difficulties after severe brain injury. This Epilogue includes information on how psychiatrists became involved with filmmaking and directors. Several iconic filmmakers used their individual experiences. Filmmakers use singular ideas from psychiatry and psychology to weave a complex, often incongruous plot. Directors and actors have sought psychiatric help since the early days of Hollywood—for their scriptwriting and for their own sanity. When directors claim special insight into the inner lives of the psychotic person or the person with a damaged brain, it is fair to ask for their sources or experiences.
“I Shouldn’t Have Moved That Flowerpot.”: Acute Back Pain in a 78-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Eubanks James E. , Standaert Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Any older adult presenting with acute, severe low back pain (LBP) warrants an urgent and thorough evaluation, with vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) being a particular concern. These patients should be assumed to have significant pathology until proven otherwise. VCFs involve a loss of vertebral body height due to excessive axial or compressive load and are most often secondary to weakening of the vertebral body from osteoporosis. Approximately 25% of postmenopausal females have at least one VCF, the most common of all osteoporotic fractures. Most VCFs occur in the thoracolumbar region, contributing to the potential development of kyphotic deformities of the spine, and are discovered incidentally on diagnostic imaging. Radiographs should be obtained and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required for almost all of these patients. Treatment centers on patient education and social support, pain control, rehabilitation, and risk factor mitigation. VCFs are stable injuries and typically heal on their own.
“My Hip Hurts.”: Is It Her Back?
Authors: Levy Isaiah , Standaert Christopher J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The first question to ask anyone complaining of “hip pain” is, “What do you mean by ‘hip’?” People often describe pain in their groin, lateral hip, posterior pelvis, or low back as “ their hip.” These regions tends to have different etiologies for pain. Hip joint pathology typically causes groin pain. Lateral hip pain may be from the spine but is often from local soft tissue structures, generally termed “greater trochanteric pain syndrome” (GTPS). “Greater trochanteric bursitis” is inaccurate in most cases, as tendon pathology is more common. GTPS typically occurs in those over 50 and is more common in women than in men. It is best treated with comprehensive rehabilitation including education, physical therapy, adaptive activities, adaptive gait devices (e.g. cane), weight loss, and smoking cessation. Corticosteroid injections are likely more harmful than helpful for GTPS, and imaging is generally not required in the initial treatment of GTPS.
Tetramerization of deoxyadenosine kinase meets the demands of a DNA replication substrate challenge in Giardia intestinalis
Authors: Ranjbarian Farahnaz , Rafie Karim , Shankar Kasturika , Krakovka Sascha , Svärd Staffan G , Carlson Lars-Anders , Hofer Anders 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis is one of only a few organisms lacking de novo synthesis of DNA building blocks (deoxyribonucleotides). Instead, the parasite relies exclusively on salvaging deoxyadenosine and other deoxyribonucleosides from its host environment. Here, we report that G. intestinalis has a deoxyribonucleoside kinase with a 1000-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for deoxyadenosine than the corresponding mammalian kinases and can thereby provide sufficient deoxyadenosine triphosphate levels for DNA synthesis despite the lack of de novo synthesis. Several deoxyadenosine analogs were also potent substrates and showed comparable EC50 values on cultured G. intestinalis cells as metronidazole, the current first-line treatment, with the additional advantage of being effective against metronidazole-resistant parasites. Structural analysis using cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography showed that the enzyme is unique within its family of deoxyribonucleoside kinases by forming a tetramer stabilized by extended N- and C-termini in a novel dimer–dimer interaction. Removal of the two termini resulted in lost ability to form tetramers and a markedly reduced affinity for the deoxyribonucleoside substrate. The development of highly efficient deoxyribonucleoside kinases via oligomerization may represent a critical evolutionary adaptation in organisms that rely solely on deoxyribonucleoside salvage.
Updated resources for exploring experimentally-determined PDB structures and Computed Structure Models at the RCSB Protein Data Bank
Authors: Burley Stephen K , Bhatt Rusham , Bhikadiya Charmi , Bi Chunxiao , Biester Alison , Biswas Pratyoy , Bittrich Sebastian , Blaumann Santiago , Brown Ronald , Chao Henry , Chithari Vivek Reddy , Craig Paul A , Crichlow Gregg V , Duarte Jose M , Dutta Shuchismita , Feng Zukang , Flatt Justin W , Ghosh Sutapa , Goodsell David S , Green Rachel Kramer , Guranovic Vladimir , Henry Jeremy , Hudson Brian P , Joy Michael , Kaelber Jason T , Khokhriakov Igor , Lai Jhih-Siang , Lawson Catherine L , Liang Yuhe , Myers-Turnbull Douglas , Peisach Ezra , Persikova Irina , Piehl Dennis W , Pingale Aditya , Rose Yana , Sagendorf Jared , Sali Andrej , Segura Joan , Sekharan Monica , Shao Chenghua , Smith James , Trumbull Michael , Vallat Brinda , Voigt Maria , Webb Ben , Whetstone Shamara , Wu-Wu Amy , Xing Tongji , Young Jasmine Y , Zalevsky Arthur , Zardecki Christine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB, RCSB.org), the US Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB, wwPDB.org) data center for the global PDB archive, provides access to the PDB data via its RCSB.org research-focused web portal. We report substantial additions to the tools and visualization features available at RCSB.org, which now delivers more than 227000 experimentally determined atomic-level three-dimensional (3D) biostructures stored in the global PDB archive alongside more than 1 million Computed Structure Models (CSMs) of proteins (including models for human, model organisms, select human pathogens, crop plants and organisms important for addressing climate change). In addition to providing support for 3D structure motif searches with user-provided coordinates, new features highlighted herein include query results organized by redundancy-reduced Groups and summary pages that facilitate exploration of groups of similar proteins. Newly released programmatic tools are also described, as are enhanced training opportunities.
Exploring the metaverse: opportunities for nephrology in patient care and education
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Mallamaci Francesca 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The metaverse, a digital ecosystem characterized by the convergence of physical and virtual realities through technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality, is reshaping societal and economic landscapes. In healthcare, the metaverse promises to revolutionize service delivery and medical education by overcoming geographical barriers and democratizing access to information. However, challenges such as the digital divide and privacy concerns persist. Economically, the metaverse is projected to significantly boost global GDP, with healthcare sectors poised for substantial growth through innovations like virtual clinics and telemedicine. In nephrology, the metaverse offers new avenues for patient education, treatment planning, and collaborative research. The integration of VR and AR technologies can enhance patient engagement by providing interactive platforms for understanding their condition, treatment options and lifestyle modifications. This approach empowers patients to take an active role in managing their health, potentially improving adherence to treatment regimens and overall outcomes. Furthermore, VR applications in hemodialysis have shown promise in reducing treatment-related symptoms and improving psychological well-being. The development of virtual clinics for chronic kidney disease patients could facilitate remote monitoring and management, reducing the need for emergency dialysis and improving long-term patient outcomes. Despite the burgeoning interest and research in this field, the integration of VR and AR into routine clinical practice remains in its nascent stages. The potential of these technologies to enhance patient care, improve surgical precision and provide immersive educational experiences is immense, paving the way for a future where technology and medicine are intricately linked.
The Cult of Gay Relics and Queer Medievalism in 1980s Sydney
Authors: Pattenden Miles , Barbezat Michael D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explains how the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, a group of radical queer nuns, created gay ‘religious relics’ in San Francisco and Sydney, Australia, in the 1980s. The Sisters’ relics are a neglected part of twentieth-century queer history and reflect the role of urban spaces and sexual cultures in the formation of contemporary queer identities. They also represent an early effort to preserve and commemorate queer histories. The Sisters drew on deliberately archaic medieval models to preserve pieces of destroyed sex-on-premises venues and cruising sites that were important to gay men. During the early 1980s, arson and hostile civic authorities destroyed these places and the HIV/AIDS epidemic began to threaten the gay community which patronized them. In Sydney, the Sisters also held reliquary exhibitions which commemorated and defended gay identity and dignity through the veneration of campy pieces of popular culture and the reclamation of seemingly homophobic religious discourses and concepts. The refashioning of the medieval cult of relics into a vehicle for queer identity and history speaks to the ongoing role of imagined pasts in the formation of present selves, and of the erasure of certain kinds of sexual experience from mainstream presentations of queer history.
Comparison of WP-2 and MOCNESS plankton samplers for measuring zooplankton biomass in the Barents Sea ecosystem
Authors: Skjoldal Hein Rune , Aarflot Johanna Myrseth , Knutsen Tor , Wiebe Peter H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Zooplankton in the Barents Sea has been monitored on an annual autumn survey since the late 1980s, using vertical WP-2 and oblique Multiple Opening and Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) tows over the water column. Sampling with MOCNESS is used to describe the vertical distribution and more frequent sampling with WP-2 (~3:1) to describe the horizontal distribution. We use here a large cumulative data set of 874 MOCNESS and 2850 WP-2 stations with data on size-fractioned dry-weight biomass to compare the two zooplankton sampling gears. MOCNESS is consistently collecting more biomass of the large size fraction (&gt;2 mm screen size) by ~20% and less of the small fraction (&lt;1 mm) by ~30% compared to WP-2. This is interpreted to reflect more extrusion of small plankton and less avoidance by larger plankton with the MOCNESS. The data set has been collected by three research vessels. There was a difference in vertical speed in oblique tows of MOCNESS among the ships but no clear effect on volume filtered per unit time. This demonstrates operational consistency and suggests the use of a constant flow factor (distance per flowmeter count) when calculating results over the time series. The issue of calibration of traditional flowmeters on oblique tows needs further examination.
Morphologic Analysis of Nasal Airway in 137 Patients With Operated Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Zhilu , Sun Weiyi , Song Tao , Yin Ningbei , Wang Yongqian 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
The authors aim to clarify the morphology of the nasal airway in patients with cleft lip nose deformities and to analyze the causes of increased nasal resistance.

Methods:
One hundred thirty-seven patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities and 30 non-cleft controls were enrolled in this study. These participants were classified into subgroups based on the severity of cleft lip at birth: occult, incomplete, and complete cleft lip. Nasal airway morphologic characteristics were obtained using an acoustic rhinometer, including nasal volume (NV0-2, NV2-7, NV7-11, distance from nostril 0–2, 2–7, 7–11 cm), internal nasal valve area (INVa), and external nasal valve area (ENVa).

Results:
When compared with the control group, each group of patients exhibited significantly lower ENVa on the cleft side. However, no significant differences were observed in INVa. The ENVa progressively decreased with the increasing severity of cleft lip, whereas the INVa remained relatively unchanged. Regarding the nasal volume, only the NV0-2 on the cleft side of patients with complete cleft lip showed a significant reduction compared with the control group.

Conclusions:
Understanding the morphologic characteristics of the nasal airway in patients with cleft lip nasal deformity can further determine the site of nasal airway stenosis in cleft lip patients. Airway stenosis mainly occurred in the external nasal valve and nasal vestibule regions, whereas the area of the internal nasal valve and the volume of the middle and posterior segments of the nasal airway did not change significantly.
Implications of gen(om)e duplications on the expansion and evolution of the GPCR signalling pathway
Authors: Barradas Ana , Kwong Waldan K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGene and genome duplications are important evolutionary events associated with the emergence of gene families and novel biological functions. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins, and their associated signalling pathways control crucial physiological functions such as neurotransmission, endocrine activity, and immunity. However, the duplication history of the entire pathway across evolutionary time is unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the duplication events of the main interactors of the GPCR signalling cascade. We show that different components of the pathway evolved under distinct frequencies of duplication events, with G proteins and GPCRs exhibiting higher frequencies than the downstream mediators and regulators. We also found that GPCRs are evolutionarily younger than G proteins and that most receptors evolved before their ligands. Additionally, the GPCR signalling system experienced significant gene expansion through duplication during the emergence of placental mammals, which played an important role in all human body systems, particularly concerning ligands and G proteins. These results indicate that the expansion and diversification of the GPCR signalling pathway was based on independent and discrete duplication events of its main components, suggesting that the maintenance of duplicate genes within the pathway may have been mediated by the selection of complementary duplication and divergence processes between the signalling components at specific evolutionary stages.
Prochlorococcuspredation by a globally abundant filter feeder
Authors: Sweeney Carey P. , Harman Avery , Kerkar Anvita U. , Aasjord Anne E. , Chouroutt Daniel M. , Hiebert Terra , Sutherland Kelly , Thompson Anne W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProchlorococcusis the most abundant photosynthetic cell on Earth and is critical to primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles of the open ocean. Appendicularians are ubiquitous gelatinous filter-feeding zooplankton that feed on marine microorganisms includingProchlorococcus. However, the details of this feeding interaction are extremely understudied relative to its potential importance in top-down controls onProchlorococcus. This is the first study to experimentally examine several dimensions of the feeding interaction between cultivated appendicularians andProchlorococcus. We found thatProchlorococcusretention rates by the appendicularianOikopleura dioicaincreased with prey concentration and predator age. We found that appendicularians grazed equally on the two most globally abundantProchlorococcusecotypes HLI and HLII and that the presence of larger diatom prey did not changeProchlorococcusretention rates. The quantitative insight and retention rates provided by this study will help fill gaps in models of the marine carbon cycle and marine microbial community dynamics and biogeography, and expand the knowledge ofProchlorococcusecology.ImportanceAppendicularians are a known predator of picocyanobacteria, but the details of their feeding on the globally abundant picocyanobacteriumProchlorococcushave not been investigated. We quantifiedProchlorococcusretention rates over a range of ecologically relevant conditions, which will inform microbial community predictions and carbon flux models and lead to improved understanding of carbon transfer in the ocean, microbial ecology, and microbial communities.
Aggregating gut: on the link between neurodegeneration and bacterial functional amyloids
Authors: Wojciechowska Alicja W. , Wojciechowski Jakub W. , Zielinska Kinga , Soeding Johannes , Kosciolek Tomasz , Kotulska Malgorzata 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmyloids are insoluble protein aggregates with a cross-beta structure, which are traditionally associated with neurodegeneration. Similar structures, named functional amyloids, expressed mostly by microorganisms, play important physiological roles, e.g. bacterial biofilm stabilization. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identify gut microbiome functional amyloids and analyze their potential impact on human health via the gut-brain axis. The results point to taxonomically diverse sources of functional amyloids and their frequent presence in the extracellular space. The retrieved interactions between gut microbiome functional amyloids and human proteins indicate their potential to trigger inflammation, affect transport and signaling processes. We also find a greater relative abundance of bacterial functional amyloids in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease and specifically a higher content of the curli amyloid protein, CsgA, in Alzheimer’s disease patients than in healthy controls. Our results provide a rationale for the tentative link between neurodegeneration and gut bacterial functional amyloids.