bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ measurement of autophagy under nutrient starvation based on interfacial pH sensing
Authors: Sakata Toshiya , Saito Akiko , Sugimoto Haruyo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, we report a novel method for the in situ measurement of autophagy under nutrient starvation using a principle of semiconductor technology. A semiconductor-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor enables the direct detection of ionic or molecular charges under biological conditions. In particular, cellular respiration accompanied by the generation of carbon dioxide can be continuously and directly monitored as a change in pH at a cell/sensor interface. When autophagy was induced in HeLa cells on a FET biosensor under nutrient starvation, the surface potential increased more significantly for about 15 h than that for nonstarved cells. This positive shift indicates an increase in the number of hydrogen ions produced from the respiration of starved cells because the sensing surface was previously designed to be sensitive to pH variation. Therefore, we have found that cellular respiration is more activated by autophagy under nutrient starvation because the amino acids that decomposed from proteins in autophagic cells would have been rapidly spent in cellular respiration.
A physical model of cell metabolism
Authors: Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz Jorge , Vazquez Alexei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCell metabolism is characterized by three fundamental energy demands: to sustain cell maintenance, to trigger aerobic fermentation and to achieve maximum metabolic rate. The transition to aerobic fermentation and the maximum metabolic rate are currently understood based on enzymatic cost constraints. Yet, we are lacking a theory explaining the maintenance energy demand. Here we report a physical model of cell metabolism that explains the origin of these three energy scales. Our key hypothesis is that the maintenance energy demand is rooted on the energy expended by molecular motors to fluidize the cytoplasm and counteract molecular crowding. Using this model and independent parameter estimates we make predictions for the three energy scales that are in quantitative agreement with experimental values. The model also recapitulates the dependencies of cell growth with extracellular osmolarity and temperature. This theory brings together biophysics and cell biology in a tractable model that can be applied to understand key principles of cell metabolism.
Terahertz wave modulation enhanced by laser processed PVA film on Si substrate
Authors: Liu Weimin , Fan Fei , Xu Shitong , Chen Meng , Wang Xianghui , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn optically pumped ultrasensitive broadband terahertz (THz) wave modulator based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film on Si wafer was demonstrated in this work. The THz time domain spectroscopy experiments confirm that the PVA/Si can drastically enhance the photo-induced THz wave modulation on the Si surface, especially when the PVA film is heated by a high-power laser. A modulation depth of 72% can be achieved only under 0.55 W/cm2 modulated laser power, which is superior significantly to the bare Si. The numerical simulations indicate that the laser processed PVA (LP-PVA) film increases the photo-generated carrier concentration on the Si surface in two orders of magnitude higher than that of bare Si. Moreover, the modulation mechanism and the dynamic process of laser heating on the PVA/Si have been discussed. This highly efficient THz modulation mechanism and its simple fabrication method have great application potentials in THz modulators.
Mammalian Solute Carrier (SLC)-like transporters of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Best Ashley , Jones Snake , Abu Kwaik Yousef 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcquisition of nutrients during intra-vacuolar growth of L. pneumophila within macrophages or amoebae is poorly understood. Since many genes of L. pneumophila are acquired by inter-kingdom horizontal gene transfer from eukaryotic hosts, we examined the presence of human solute carrier (SLC)-like transporters in the L. pneumophila genome using I-TASSER to assess structural alignments. We identified 11 SLC-like putative transporters in L. pneumophila that are structurally similar to SLCs, eight of which are amino acid transporters, and one is a tricarboxylate transporter. The two other transporters, LstA and LstB, are structurally similar to the human glucose transporter, SLC2a1/Glut1. Single mutants of lstA or lstB have decreased ability to import, while the lstA/lstB double mutant is severely defective for uptake of glucose. While lstA or lstB single mutants are not defective in intracellular proliferation within Acanthamoeba polyphaga and human monocyte-derived macrophages, the lstA/lstB double mutant is severely defective in both host cells. The two phenotypic defects of the lstA/lstB double mutant in uptake of glucose and intracellular replication are both restored upon complementation of either lstA or lstB. Our data show that the two glucose transporters, LstA and LstB, are redundant and are required for intracellular replication within human macrophages and amoebae.
High-field modulated ion-selective field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors with sensitivity higher than the ideal Nernst sensitivity
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Sarangadharan Indu , Sukesan Revathi , Hseih Ching-Yen , Lee Geng-Yen , Chyi Jen-Inn , Wang Yu-Lin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLead ion selective membrane (Pb-ISM) coated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) was used to demonstrate a whole new methodology for ion-selective FET sensors, which can create ultra-high sensitivity (−36 mV/log [Pb2+]) surpassing the limit of ideal sensitivity (−29.58 mV/log [Pb2+]) in a typical Nernst equation for lead ion. The largely improved sensitivity has tremendously reduced the detection limit (10−10 M) for several orders of magnitude of lead ion concentration compared to typical ion-selective electrode (ISE) (10−7 M). The high sensitivity was obtained by creating a strong filed between the gate electrode and the HEMT channel. Systematical investigation was done by measuring different design of the sensor and gate bias, indicating ultra-high sensitivity and ultra-low detection limit obtained only in sufficiently strong field. Theoretical study in the sensitivity consistently agrees with the experimental finding and predicts the maximum and minimum sensitivity. The detection limit of our sensor is comparable to that of Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrum (ICP-MS), which also has detection limit near 10−10 M.
Transient antibody-antigen interactions mediate the strain-specific recognition of a conserved malaria epitope
Authors: Krishnarjuna Bankala , Sugiki Toshihiko , Morales Rodrigo A. V. , Seow Jeffrey , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Wilde Karyn L. , Norton Raymond S. , MacRaild Christopher A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransient interactions in which binding partners retain substantial conformational disorder play an essential role in regulating biological networks, challenging the expectation that specificity demands structurally defined and unambiguous molecular interactions. The monoclonal antibody 6D8 recognises a completely conserved continuous nine-residue epitope within the intrinsically disordered malaria antigen, MSP2, yet it has different affinities for the two allelic forms of this antigen. NMR chemical shift perturbations, relaxation rates and paramagnetic relaxation enhancements reveal the presence of transient interactions involving polymorphic residues immediately C-terminal to the structurally defined epitope. A combination of these experimental data with molecular dynamics simulations shows clearly that the polymorphic C-terminal extension engages in multiple transient interactions distributed across much of the accessible antibody surface. These interactions are determined more by topographical features of the antibody surface than by sequence-specific interactions. Thus, specificity arises as a consequence of subtle differences in what are highly dynamic and essentially non-specific interactions.
Swallowing Kinematic Differences Across Frozen, Mixed, and Ultrathin Liquid Boluses in Healthy Adults: Age, Sex, and Normal Variability
Authors: Humbert Ianessa A. , Sunday Kirstyn L. , Karagiorgos Eleni , Vose Alicia K. , Gould Francois , Greene Lindsey , Azola Alba , Tolar Ara , Rivet Alycia 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of frozen and mixed-consistency boluses on the swallowing physiology of younger and older adults. We also aimed to quantify factors that lead to increased variability in swallowing outcomes (i.e., age, sex, bolus type).

Method
Forty-one healthy adults (18–85 years old) swallowed 5 blocks of 5 different boluses: 10-ml ultrathin liquid, a teaspoon of iced barium, a teaspoon of room-temperature pudding, a teaspoon of frozen pudding, and ultrathin barium with chocolate chips. All data were recorded with videofluoroscopy and underwent detailed timing kinematic measurements.

Results
Neither barium ice nor frozen pudding sped up swallow responses. Many healthy adults initiated swallowing with the bolus as deep as the pyriform sinuses. Swallowing temporal kinematics for ultrathin liquid consistencies are most different from all others tested, requiring the best possible physiological swallowing performance in younger and older healthy individuals (i.e., faster reaction times, longer durations) compared with other bolus types tested. In each measure, older adults had significantly longer durations compared with the younger adults. More variability in swallowing kinematics were seen with age and laryngeal vestibule kinematics.

Conclusion
This study provides important contributions to the literature by clarifying normal variability within a wide range of swallowing behaviors and by providing normative data from which to compare disordered populations.
Non-linear seismic scaling relations
Authors: Kallinger T. , Beck P. G. , Stello D. , Garcia R. A. 
Published: May 2018

Context. In recent years the global seismic scaling relations for the frequency of maximum power, νmax ∝ g / √Teff, and for the large frequency separation, Δν ∝ √ρ¯, have drawn attention in various fields of astrophysics. This is because these relations can be used to estimate parameters, such as the mass and radius of stars that show solar-like oscillations. With the exquisite photometry of Kepler, the uncertainties in the seismic observables are small enough to estimate masses and radii with a precision of only a few per cent. Even though this seems to work quite well for main-sequence stars, there is empirical evidence, mainly from studies of eclipsing binary systems, that the seismic scaling relations systematically overestimate the mass and radius of red giants by about 15% and 5%, respectively. Various model-based corrections of the Δν-scaling reduce the problem but do not solve it.
Aims. Our goal is to define revised seismic scaling relations that account for the known systematic mass and radius discrepancies in a completely model-independent way.
Methods. We use probabilistic methods to analyse the seismic data and to derive non-linear scaling relations based on a sample of six red giant branch (RGB) stars that are members of eclipsing binary systems and about 60 red giants on the RGB as well as in the core-helium burning red clump (RC) in the two open clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819.
Results. We re-examine the global oscillation parameters of the giants in the binary systems in order to determine their seismic fundamental parameters and we find them to agree with the dynamic parameters from the literature if we adopt non-linear scalings. We note that a curvature and glitch corrected Δνcor should be preferred over a local or average value of Δν. We then compare the observed seismic parameters of the cluster giants to those scaled from independent measurements and find the same non-linear behaviour as for the eclipsing binaries. Our final proposed scaling relations are based on both samples and cover a broad range of evolutionary stages from RGB to RC stars: g / √Teff = (νmax / νmax,⊙)1.0075±0.0021 and √ρ¯ = (Δνcor / Δνcor,⊙)[η − (0.0085 ± 0.0025) log2(Δνcor / Δνcor,⊙)]−1, where g, Teff, and ρ¯ are in solar units, νmax,⊙ = 3140 ± 5 μHz and Δνcor,⊙ = 135.08 ± 0.02 μHz, and η is equal to one in the case of RGB stars and 1.04 ± 0.01 for RC stars.
Conclusions. A direct consequence of these new scaling relations is that the average mass of stars on the ascending giant branch reduces to 1.10 ± 0.03 M⊙ in NGC 6791 and 1.45 ± 0.06 M⊙ in NGC 6819, allowing us to revise the clusters’ distance modulus to 13.11 ± 0.03 and 11.91 ± 0.03 mag, respectively. We also find strong evidence that both clusters are significantly older than concluded from previous seismic investigations.
Kinematics of outer halo globular clusters: M 75 and NGC 6426
Authors: Koch Andreas , Hanke Michael , Kacharov Nikolay 
Published: May 2018

Globular clusters (GCs) and their dynamic interactions with the Galactic components provide an important insight into the structure and formation of the early Milky Way. We present a kinematic study of two outer halo GCs based on a combination of VLT/FORS2, VLT/FLAMES, and Magellan/MIKE low- and high-resolution spectroscopy of 32 and 27 member stars, respectively. Although both clusters are located at Galactocentric distances of 15 kpc, they have otherwise very different properties. M 75 is a luminous and metal-rich system at [Fe/H] = −1.2 dex, which is a value that we confirm from the calcium triplet region. This GC shows mild evidence for rotation with an amplitude of Arot ~ 5 km s−1. One of the most metal-poor GCs in the Milky Way (at [Fe II/H] = −2.3 dex), NGC 6426 exhibits marginal evidence of internal rotation at the 2 km s−1 level. Both objects have velocity dispersions that are consistent with their luminosity. Although limited by small-number statistics, the resulting limits on their Arot/σ0 ratios suggest that M 75 is a slow rotator driven by internal dynamics rather than being affected by the weak Galactic tides at its large distances. In this work, M 75 (Arot/σ0 = 0.31) is fully consistent with the properties of other, younger halo clusters. At Arot/σ0 = 0.8 ± 0.4, NGC 6426 appears to have a remarkably ordered internal motion for its low metallicity, but the large uncertainty does not allow for an unambiguous categorization as a fast rotator. An accretion origin of M 75 cannot be excluded, based on the eccentric orbit, which we derived from the recent data release 2 of Gaia, and considering its younger age.
Mehr Sinnhaftigkeit im Leben
Authors: Berlinghof Lena 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungUm jungen Erwachsenen wieder mehr Sinn im Leben zu geben und ihre persönliche Entwicklung zu fördern, wurde auf einer psychiatrischen Station die offene Gesprächsgruppe „SINN macht Sinn“ eingerichtet. Sie vermittelt den Patienten praktisches Wissen, um Alltagsprobleme besser bewältigen zu können. Wir stellen Ihnen das Konzept und die einzelnen Module vor.
Das Team braucht Hilfe
Authors: Heinrich Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungIm sechsten Teil unserer Serie geht es um eine suchtkranke Patientin, deren Aggressionsausbrüche durch das rücksichtlose und ungerechte Verhalten eines
Pflegenden gefördert werden, was sich negativ auf die Teamintegrität auswirkt. Lesen Sie, wie das Pflegeteam es schafft, mithilfe der systemischen
Fallbesprechung neue Perspektiven zu entwickeln. Auch hier möchten wir Sie wieder einladen, sich selbst in die verschiedenen Rollen hineinzuversetzen. Fallen
Ihnen weitere Lösungswege ein? Dann schreiben Sie uns an psych.pflegeheute@thieme.de.
Licht und Dunkel
Authors: Lang Friederike 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie folgenden Gedanken zum Thema psychische Erkrankung basieren auf meinen persönlichen Erfahrungen und entsprechender Literatur. Als ich im Januar 2017
angefangen habe zu schreiben, war ich gerade in der tiefsten Krankheitsphase. Ich habe beabsichtigt, mich mit dem Schreiben abzulenken und meine Gedanken zu
ordnen. Ich wollte versuchen, mich selbst und die Krankheit besser zu verstehen. Wenn auch Sie, liebe Leserinnen und Leser, dadurch ein wenig mehr Einblick
erhalten und mehr Verständnis für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen entwickeln, dann habe ich mit dem Schreiben mehr erreicht, als ich je gehofft habe.
Angst vor Stigmatisierung
Authors: Mathis Daniel 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungViele psychisch Erkrankte scheuen sich davor, zur stationären Erstaufnahme in eine Fachklinik zu gehen, weil sie Sorge haben, im Sozial- oder Berufsleben stigmatisiert zu werden. Welche Ängste dahinter stecken und wie sie abgebaut werden könnten, hat unser Autor im Rahmen einer Umfrage herausgefunden.
Aktueller Stellenwert der Antidots unter
NOAK-Therapie
Authors: Gonska Bernd-Dieter 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie oralen Nicht-Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (NOAK) sind ein fester Bestandteil der
Therapie des nicht-valvulären Vorhofflimmerns, der Beinvenenthrombose und der
Lungenembolie. Den klar bestehenden Vorteilen steht als Nachteil das Fehlen
spezifischer Antidot gegenüber. Zurzeit ist nur für Dabigatran ein spezifisches
Antidot erhältlich. Idarucizumab ist nach i. v.-Gabe schnell wirksam. Für die
Faktor-Xa-Antagonisten sind spezifische Antidots noch nicht verfügbar.
The Direct Pd-Catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H Activation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: van Gemmeren Manuel , Uttry Alexander 
Published: May 2018

The carboxylic acid moiety is one of the most versatile and abundant functional groups. However, despite of tremendous progress in the field of C–H functionalization reactions its use as a directing group for C(sp3)–H activation has remained limited. In this Synpact article we present the challenges associated with the carboxylic acid moiety as a native directing group and report on the newest developments in this field, including our recent study in which we developed a generally applicable protocol for the direct palladium catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H arylation of propionic acid and related α-branched aliphatic acids giving access to hydrocinnamic acids derivatives in a highly straightforward manner.1	Introduction2	Challenges in the C(sp3)–H Bond Activation of Carboxylic Acids3	History/State of the Art4	Studies towards a General β-C(sp3)–H Functionalization of ­Aliphatic Acids5	Conclusion
Muscle-Tendon-Enthesis Unit
Authors: Huang Brady , Pathria Mini , Tadros Anthony 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInjuries to the muscle-tendon-enthesis unit are common and a significant source of pain and loss of function. This article focuses on the important anatomical and biomechanical considerations for each component of the muscle-tendon-enthesis unit. We review normal and pathologic conditions affecting this unit, illustrating the imaging appearance of common disorders on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. Knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of these structures is crucial for the radiologist to make accurate diagnoses and provide clinically relevant assessments.
Is Right Sleeve Lower Lobectomy Necessary? Is It Safe?
Authors: Kocaturk Celalettin Ibrahim , Saydam Ozkan , Sezen Celal Bugra , Kalafat Cem Emrah , Cansever Levent , Kutluk Ali Cevat , Akin Hasan , Metin Muzaffer 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Objectives The right sleeve lower lobectomy is the least used of the bronchial sleeve operations. There are only case-based studies in the literature. In this study, we compared this technique to those used in patients who underwent a right lower bilobectomy.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who had been operated on due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from January 2005 to December 2015 from a dataset that was formed prospectively. Of the 4,166 patients who underwent resections due to NSCLC, the files of those who had a right sleeve lower lobectomy (group S) and those who had a right lower bilobectomy (group B) were evaluated. The remaining 25 patients in group B and 18 patients in group S were compared in terms of demographic data, morbidity, hospitalization time, mortality, histopathology, recurrence, and total survival.
Results No significant differences in the demographic or clinical characteristics were observed between the two groups, except that group S had more female patients. Postoperative complications developed in 52% of the patients in group B and 11.1% of the patients in group S (p = 0.006). Mean hospitalization time was 9.6 ± 3.6 (range, 6–19) days in group B and 6.72 ± 1.5 (range, 4–9) days in group S (p = 0.001). All patients received complete resections. The mean patient follow-up time was 42.9 months. No significant difference was found between local and distant recurrences (p = 1, p = 0.432). Mean survival time was 89.6 months (5-year rate = 73%), which was 90.6 months (5-year rate = 75.3%) in group B and 63.1 months (5-year rate = 69.3%) in group S (p = 0.82).
Conclusion This technique allows for reduced filling of the thoracic cavity by a prolonged air leak and a reduced prevalence of complications. Additionally, the hospitalization time is shortened. It does not produce any additional mortality burden, and total survival and oncological outcomes are reliable. This technique can be used in selected patients at experienced centers.
Global Health Neurology: HIV/AIDS
Authors: Spudich Serena , Patel Payal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith the advent of combination antiretroviral therapies, the mortality rate from HIV has declined, while the prevalence of long-term HIV-related neurologic complications continues to rise. Thirty-six million individuals are living with HIV around the world, many of whom reside in resource-limited settings. The majority of studies have focused on individuals residing in the developed world, while the impact of HIV disproportionately affects people living in developing countries. This review focuses on recent domestic and international studies regarding neurologic complications related to HIV, including opportunistic infections, peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, in light of the growing population affected by these conditions.
Nervous System Infections and the Global Traveler
Authors: Reid Savina , Thompson Haley , Thakur Kiran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeurological complications of infectious diseases are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is imperative that neurologists be up-to-date on current developments including typical and atypical presentations of neurological infections in travelers, diagnostic and treatment recommendations, and emerging pathogen resistance patterns to avoid fatal outcomes and long-term sequelae. This article will address concepts of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, and will provide updates on the neurological manifestations of select emerging and reemerging infections, including Ebola virus, bacterial meningitis, enterovirus 71, Zika virus, cerebral malaria, and Japanese encephalitis. Emerging and reemerging neurotropic infectious diseases, including Zika virus, have recently been major global health threats. Factors contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases include closer contact with zoonoses, population growth in cities, globalization, environmental changes, and the rise in antibiotic resistance. Serotype replacement of bacterial meningitis, the possibility of viral persistence in the central nervous system in Ebola virus, antibiotic resistance of malaria, and the evolution of neurovirulent strains of Zika virus display some of the developing challenges that accompany various neurotropic infectious diseases. Neurologists should be aware of the factors contributing to the emergence and reemergence of neurotropic infectious diseases. As emerging and reemerging neurotropic infectious continue to be a major global health security threat, clinicians should be aware of the risks to travelers and current guidelines on prevention and management.