bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distributed command governor based on graph colorability theory
Authors: Casavola Alessandro , Garone Emanuele , Tedesco Francesco 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a distributed command governor (CG) strategy is introduced that, by the use of graph colorability theory, improves the scalability property and the performance of recently introduced distributed noncooperative sequential CG strategies. The latter are characterized by the fact that only 1 agent at a decision time is allowed to update its command, whereas all the others keep applying their previously computed commands. The scalability of these early CG distributed schemes and their performance are limited because the structure of the constraints is not taken into account in their implementation. Here, by exploiting the idea that agents that are not directly coupled by the constraints can simultaneously update their control actions, the agents in the network are grouped into particular subsets (turns). At each time instant, on the basis of a round‐robin policy, all agents belonging to a turn are allowed to update simultaneously their commands, whereas agents in other turns keep applying their previous commands. Then, a turn‐based distributed CG strategy is proposed and its main properties are analyzed. Graph colorability theory is used to determine the minimal number of turns and to distribute each agent in at least a turn. A novel graph colorability problem that allows one to maximize the frequency at which agents can update their commands is proposed and discussed. A final example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Reactivating Catalytic Surface: Insights into the Role of Hot Holes in Plasmonic Catalysis
Authors: Peng Tianhuan , Miao Junjian , Gao Zhaoshuai , Zhang Linjuan , Gao Yi , Fan Chunhai , Li Di 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance of coinage metal nanoparticles is extensively exploited to promote catalytic reactions via harvesting solar energy. Previous efforts on elucidating the mechanisms of enhanced catalysis are devoted to hot electron‐induced photothermal conversion and direct charge transfer to the adsorbed reactants. However, little attention is paid to roles of hot holes that are generated concomitantly with hot electrons. In this work, 13 nm spherical Au nanoparticles with small absorption cross‐section are employed to catalyze a well‐studied glucose oxidation reaction. Density functional theory calculation and X‐ray absorption spectrum analysis reveal that hot holes energetically favor transferring catalytic intermediates to product molecules and then desorbing from the surface of plasmonic catalysts, resulting in the recovery of their catalytic activities. The studies shed new light on the use of the synergy of hot holes and hot electrons for plasmon‐promoted catalysis.
Nitrogen‐Enriched Carbon/CNT Composites Based on Schiff‐Base Networks: Ultrahigh N Content and Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Xiao Zhichang , Song Qi , Guo Ruiying , Kong Debin , Zhou Shanke , Huang Xiaoxiong , Iqbal Rashid , Zhi Linjie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo improve the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the incorporation of both well‐defined heteroatom species and the controllable 3D porous networks are urgently required. In this work, a novel N‐enriched carbon/carbon nanotube composite (NEC/CNT) through a chemically induced precursor‐controlled pyrolysis approach is developed. Instead of conventional N‐containing sources or precursors, Schiff‐base network (SNW‐1) enables the desirable combination of a 3D polymer with intrinsic microporosity and ultrahigh N‐content, which can significantly promote the fast transport of both Li+ and electron. Significantly, the strong interaction between carbon skeleton and nitrogen atoms enables the retention of ultrahigh N‐content up to 21 wt% in the resultant NEC/CNT, which exhibits a super‐high capacity (1050 mAh g−1) for 1000 cycles and excellent rate performance (500 mAh g−1 at a current density of 5 A g−1) as the anode material for LIBs. The NEC/CNT composite affords a new model system as well as a totally different insight for deeply understanding the relationship between chemical structures and lithium ion storage properties, in which chemistry may play a more important role than previously expected.
Key Role of TFEB Nucleus Translocation for Silver Nanoparticle‐Induced Cytoprotective Autophagy
Authors: Lin Jun , Liu Yiming , Wu Hao , Huang Zhihai , Ma Jingfan , Guo Chang , Gao Feng , Jin Peipei , Wei Pengfei , Zhang Yunjiao , Liu Liu , Zhang Rui , Qiu Longxin , Gu Ning , Wen Longping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTranscription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Here, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)‐induced cytoprotective autophagy required TFEB is shown. Ag NPs‐induced nucleus translocation of TFEB through a well‐established mechanism involving dephosphorylation of TFEB at serine‐142 and serine‐211 but independent of both the mTORC1 and ERK1/2 pathways. TFEB nucleus translocation precedes autophagy induced by Ag NPs and leads to enhanced expression of autophagy‐essential genes. Knocking down the expression of TFEB attenuates the autophagy induction is demonstrated, and in the meantime, enhanced cell killing in HeLa cells treats with Ag NPs, indicating that TFEB is the key mediator for Ag NPs‐induced cytoprotective autophagy. The results pinpoint TFEB as a potential target for developing more effective Ag NPs‐based cancer therapeutics.
Graphene‐grafted silica‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a magnetic solid‐phase extraction material coupled with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy for the separation and analysis of heavy metal ions
Authors: Gu Weixi , Zhu Xiashi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel method using graphene‐grafted silica‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4‐SiO2‐G) as a magnetic solid adsorbent coupled with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry for the separation and analysis of Mn(II), Cr(III), Pb(II) was developed. The introduction of graphene into Fe3O4‐SiO2 increased the selectivity and adsorption capacity of the developed material. The successful immobilization of graphene on the Fe3O4‐SiO2 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, size distribution and magnetic analysis and isoelectric point analysis. It was found that Mn(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) could be determined with very good adsorption efficiencies (96.8, 100.0, 100.0%) on Fe3O4‐SiO2‐G. The limits of detection for the three metal ions were in the range of 0.076–0.922 ng ·L−1, and the linear range was 5.0–90.0 μg L−1 for Mn(II), 4.0–90.0 μg ·L−1 for Cr(III) and 5.0–90.0 μg ·L−1 for Pb(II). The enrichment factors of Mn(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) were 80, 20, and 35, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of Mn(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) in real samples.
Halloysite nanotubes‐induced Al accumulation and oxidative damage in liver of mice after 30‐day repeated oral administration
Authors: Wang Xue , Gong Jiachun , Gui Zongxiang , Hu Tingting , Xu Xiaolong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHalloysite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O) nanotubes (HNTs) are natural clay materials and widely applied in many fields due to their natural hollow tubular structures. Many in vitro studies indicate that HNTs exhibit a high level of biocompatibility, however the in vivo toxicity of HNTs remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the hepatic toxicity of the purified HNTs in mice via oral route. The purified HNTs were orally administered to mice at 5, 50, and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW) every day for 30 days. Oral administration of HNTs stimulated the growth of the mice at the low dose (5 mg/kg BW) with no liver toxicity, but inhibited the growth of the mice at the middle (50 mg/kg BW) and high (300 mg/kg BW) doses. In addition, oral administration of HNTs at the high dose caused Al accumulation in the liver but had no marked effect on the Si content in the organ. The Al accumulation caused significant oxidative stress in the liver, which induced hepatic dysfunction and histopathologic changes. These findings demonstrated that Al accumulation‐induced oxidative stress played an important role in the oral HNTs‐caused liver injury.
Tantalum Components in Difficult Acetabular Revisions Have Good Survival at 5 to 10 Years: Longer Term Followup of a Previous Report
Authors: Lachiewicz Paul F. , O’Dell Jane Anne 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
The best method for acetabular revisions in patients with severe bone loss remains controversial; typical approaches include jumbo cups, cages, cup-cages, and custom components. Tantalum (TM) components have good results at midterm followup, but the longer term survival and complications are not available. We previously reported on a series of such reconstructions; here we provide additional followup on that group along with a larger study cohort.

Questions/purposes
(1) What is the survival at a minimum followup of 5 years of these components implanted in difficult revisions and what is the mechanism of failure? (2) What is the most common complication of these reconstructions, and what hip scores did these patients achieve?

Methods
Between 2001 and 2010, one surgeon performed 150 acetabular revisions, of which 74 (49%) were done using TM components. The general indication for use of these devices was the surgeon’s perception that there was sufficient bone loss to place the reconstruction at a high risk of mechanical failure (generally Paprosky Type 3 or 4 or lower Paprosky type with < 50% host bone coverage or morbid obesity). No cages were used during this time. Fifteen patients died and 11 were lost or did not return, leaving 48 hips (46 patients) with a mean followup of 8 years (range, 5-14 years). Of these, 39 were reported on in our previous series, and nine are new in the present series; the overall group here has an additional median of 5 years followup (range, 3-7 years). Five hips had six augments placed to obtain stability. Patients were evaluated by the Harris hip score and standard radiographs; survivorship was estimated using the cumulative incidence competing risks survival analysis. The primary outcome was fixation and survival of the TM component and the secondary outcome was complications.

Results
Cumulative incidence competing risks estimate survival free from aseptic loosening was 92% at 10 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.98). Dislocation, the most common complication, occurred in seven of 48 (15%) patients, and five of 48 (10%) had a reoperation for it. Survival free from any reoperation was 84% at 10 years (95% CI, 0.72-0.92). The Harris hip score improved from a mean of 50 points (SD 17) before surgery to 85 points (SD 10; p < 0.001) at latest followup.

Conclusions
Given the findings of this study, TM components appear to provide durable fixation at midterm followup in complex acetabular revisions. Steps to minimize dislocation, the most frequent complication of these revisions, may include the routine use of larger femoral heads. Future studies likely will need to be multisurgeon or multicenter and should evaluate different techniques and components for long-term fixation and the prevention of dislocation.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Can Dislocation of a Constrained Liner Be Salvaged With Dual-mobility Constructs in Revision THA?
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Pallante Graham D. , Taunton Michael J. , Sierra Rafael J. , Trousdale Robert T. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Revision THA to treat recurrent instability can itself be complicated by recurrent instability, and when this occurs, this problem is difficult to treat. Some patients’ THAs will continue to dislocate despite use of a constrained liner. One option in this difficult-to-treat group is conversion to a dual-mobility (DM) construct, but there are few data on this approach.

Questions/purposes
(1) What were the Harris hip scores in a small group of patients whose constrained liners were converted to DM constructs to treat recurrent dislocation? (2) What were the redislocation, rerevision, and DM construct retention rates in these patients?

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of a longitudinally maintained institutional database maintained by individuals other than the treating surgeons to identify patients undergoing conversion of constrained liners to DM constructs in revision THA from 2011 to 2014. We identified 16 patients who underwent revision of dislocated constrained liners to DM constructs. Two patients died before 2-year followup, leaving 14 patients available for followup at a minimum of 24 months and a median of 37 months (range, 24–71 months). Indications for conversion to DM constructs included patients with dislocation of multiple prior constrained liners, patients with at least partial abductor functioning and soft tissue tensioning, and patients at very high risk for recurrent instability as an alternative to resection arthroplasty. Ten patients (10 of 14) underwent DM conversion at the time of cup revision, whereas four patients (four of 14) had a DM construct cemented into a preexisting cup. Median age was 65 years (range, 53–93 years). Median number of prior hip surgeries was five (range, three to 10) and seven patients (seven of 14) had dislocated more than one constrained liner.

Results
Harris hip score improved from a median of 57 (range, 55–67) to 84 (range, 68–96) postoperatively (p < 0.001). Three patients (three of 14) experienced a redislocation. Two (two of 14) of these patients were closed reduced and treated successfully nonoperatively; one (one of 14) patient experienced an intraprosthetic dislocation and underwent modular exchange. One patient (one of 14) underwent early resection arthroplasty for acetabular loosening after complex acetabular reconstruction. Overall, all other patients (13 of 14) retained a DM construct at final followup.

Conclusions
Conversion to a DM construct shows promise as a salvage option in high-risk, multiply operated on patients with dislocated constrained liners undergoing revision THA for recurrent instability. The ability to close reduce a dislocated DM construct is a distinct advantage over constrained liners. However, longer followup is required given that three of 14 redislocated, and one of those underwent revision for persistent instability at short-term followup.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, therapeutic study.
Polyethylene Wear Increases in Liners Articulating With Scratched Oxidized Zirconium Femoral Heads
Authors: Carli Alberto , Koch Chelsea N. , Esposito Christina I. , Wright Timothy M. , Padgett Douglas E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Oxidized zirconium (OxZr) femoral heads were introduced in hip arthroplasty to reduce wear of the polyethylene compared with metallic heads and to reduce fracture risk compared with ceramic heads. Severe scratches have been reported on OxZr heads in patients undergoing revision for instability, but whether these scratches contribute to increased acetabular polyethylene wear remains unclear.

Questions/purposes
(1) How is the polyethylene of the acetabular liner affected by damage on the opposing OxZr head? (2) How does damage to the head affect the degree of polyethylene wear?

Methods
We assessed damage and deformation on all retrieved highly crosslinked liners that had articulated against OxZr heads collected at one institution between 2006 and 2013. Two observers used a visual subjective scoring system to assess polyethylene damage on the surface of the 42 retrieved liners. Polyethylene components were also laser scanned to measure dimensional changes to the liner. These outcomes were compared with the severity of scratching on the surface of the articulating OxZr head. We also used a 12-station hip simulator to measure wear over five million cycles (MCs) of pristine liners articulating against nine retrieved OxZr heads with varying degrees of scratching representing a spectrum of little to severe damage and three retrieved ceramic heads with severe metal transfer.

Results
Seventeen of the OxZr heads showed severe damage, of which 14 heads had been revised for dislocation. The retrieved liners that had articulated with these heads had greater damage scores for abrasion (mean score 0.4 versus 1.6; p = 0.008) and embedded debris (mean score 0.4 versus 1.4; p = 0.006) compared with liners that had articulated with less damaged heads. Four severely damaged OxZr heads wore at a higher rate than the others in the study with weight loss of 37.7 mg, 30.0 mg, 14.4 mg, and 2.6 mg after the first MC and a steady increase through testing to 5 MCs. Conversely, neither OxZr heads with less damage nor ceramic heads with severe metal transfer produced appreciable wear.

Conclusions
Surface scratching of OxZr heads from recurrent dislocation and reduction maneuvers leads to increased wear of the crosslinked polyethylene used as a bearing surface.

Clinical Relevance
Patients in whom such instability occurs in the presence of an OxZr head should be followed closely for the possibility of more severe wear.
Visualization of potential sink marks using thickness analysis of finely tessellated solid model
Authors: Inui Masatomo , Onishi Shunsuke , Umezu Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Sink marks are unwanted shallow depressions on the molded plastic surface caused by localized shrinkage during the hardening process of injection molding. Sink marks appearing in the exterior impair the aesthetic quality of the product. In this study, a novel method for extracting potential sink marks that can occur on the part surface is proposed. The thicker portion of the part shrinks with a greater amount than that of the thinner portion. This difference in the shrinkage amount is the main cause of the sink mark. In the plastic part design practice, engineers often check the thickness distribution to predict potential sink marks in the part surface. Our method can be considered as an automated technique of such manual inspection task. A polyhedral solid model of the part with sufficiently small triangles of nearly the same size is prepared. The amount of shrinkage at each polygon is estimated based on its thickness and the shrinkage ratio of the part. The developed algorithm extracts the potential sink marks by analyzing the shrinkage distribution on the part surface.
Highlights A novel method for extracting potential sink marks on part surface is proposed. Polygons of input model are tessellated into a set of sufficiently small triangles. The shrinkage of each model polygon is estimated by using the thickness. Potential sink marks are extracted by analyzing the shrinkage distribution.
Origem da artéria cerebelar inferoposterior sobre o arco posterior de C1
Authors: Demartini Júnior Zeferino , Guimarães Ricardo Munhoz da Rocha , Vialle Emiliano Neves , Koppe Gelson Luis , Francisco Alexandre Novicki , Gatto Luana Antunes Maranha 
Published: February 2018

ResumoA artéria cerebelar inferoposterior geralmente nasce do segmento intracraniano (V4) da artéria vertebral. Apesar de ter diâmetro médio de 2 mm, usualmente irriga áreas eloquentes do encéfalo. Quando ocluída, seja por trauma ou cirurgia, pode causar infarto no tronco encefálico e no cerebelo. Apresentamos um caso de artéria cerebelar inferoposterior com origem anômala no segmento cervical (V3) da artéria vertebral, demonstrado por angiograﬁa. Os resultados foram registrados e comparados com os de publicações anteriores. Foram fornecidas breves explicações sobre a anatomia, anomalias vasculares e embriologia. A revisão da literatura mostrou que os ramos anômalos do segmento cervical da artéria vertebral são infrequentes e devem ser conhecidos. Uma melhor compreensão da anatomia e suas variações permite fazer um diagnóstico topográﬁco preciso, bem como planejar a abordagem e a terapia cirúrgicas ideais. O conhecimento dessa variação anatômica é essencial, pois, se confundida com um ramo muscular e coagulada, pode causar isquemia com sequelas incapacitantes.
Phylogeny of dermatophytes with genomic character evaluation of clinically distinct Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum
Authors: Zhan P. , Dukik K. , Li D. , Sun J. , Stielow J.B. , Gerrits van den Ende B. , Brankovics B. , Menken S.B.J. , Mei H. , Bao W. , Lv G. , Liu W. , de Hoog G.S. 
Published: February 2018

Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum are prevalent agents of human dermatophyte infections, the former being found on glabrous skin and nail, while the latter is confined to the scalp. The two species are phenotypically different but are highly similar phylogenetically.
The taxonomy of dermatophytes is currently being reconsidered on the basis of molecular phylogeny. Molecular species definitions do not always coincide with existing concepts which are guided by ecological and clinical principles. In this article, we aim to bring phylogenetic and ecological
data together in an attempt to develop new species concepts for anthropophilic dermatophytes. Focus is on the T. rubrum complex with analysis of rDNA ITS supplemented with LSU, TUB2, TEF3 and ribosomal protein L10 gene sequences. In order to explore genomic differences between
T. rubrum and T. violaceum, one representative for both species was whole genome sequenced. Draft sequences were compared with currently available dermatophyte genomes. Potential virulence factors of adhesins and secreted proteases were predicted and compared phylogenetically.
General phylogeny showed clear gaps between geophilic species of Arthroderma, but multilocus distances between species were often very small in the derived anthropophilic and zoophilic genus Trichophyton. Significant genome conservation between T. rubrum and T. violaceum
was observed, with a high similarity at the nucleic acid level of 99.38 % identity. Trichophyton violaceum contains more paralogs than T. rubrum. About 30 adhesion genes were predicted among dermatophytes. Seventeen adhesins were common between T. rubrum
and T. violaceum, while four were specific for the former and eight for the latter. Phylogenetic analysis of secreted proteases reveals considerable expansion and conservation among the analyzed species. Multilocus phylogeny and genome comparison of T. rubrum and T. violaceum
underlined their close affinity. The possibility that they represent a single species exhibiting different phenotypes due to different localizations on the human body is discussed.
Optimal control of thrust-vectored VTOL UAV in high-manoeuvering transition flight
Authors: Liu Z. , Tang S. , Li M. , Guo J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new type of fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been designed. Thrust-vector direct force control has been introduced in three axes to make UAV exhibit superior manoeuverability in transition flight. Considering the characteristics of UAV's dynamic model, which are non-linear, non-affine, and have redundant input, a two-stage progressive optimal control allocation method is developed, which can optimise position and attitude control in synthetical, and motivate effectors to generates desired force and moments. A task-oriented weight selection scheme is proposed to make objective function suitable for different tasks and flight conditions. In addition, a general constraint strategy is designed to guarantee the feasibility of optimal allocation results, which can largely reduce the onboard computation time. Simulations show that UAV can adjust flight attitude and use control effectors in an optimal way, and demonstrating satisfactory tracking of low-speed high-manoeuver flight paths.