bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-variable bacterial loci: how bacteria gamble to maximise fitness in changing environments
Authors: Phillips Zachary N. , Tram Greg , Seib Kate L. , Atack John M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Phase-variation of genes is defined as the rapid and reversible switching of expression — either ON-OFF switching or the expression of multiple allelic variants. Switching of expression can be achieved by a number of different mechanisms. Phase-variable genes typically encode bacterial surface structures, such as adhesins, pili, and lipooligosaccharide, and provide an extra contingency strategy in small-genome pathogens that may lack the plethora of ‘sense-and-respond’ gene regulation systems found in other organisms. Many bacterial pathogens also encode phase-variable DNA methyltransferases that control the expression of multiple genes in systems called phasevarions (phase-variable regulons). The presence of phase-variable genes allows a population of bacteria to generate a number of phenotypic variants, some of which may be better suited to either colonising certain host niches, surviving a particular environmental condition and/or evading an immune response. The presence of phase-variable genes complicates the determination of an organism's stably expressed antigenic repertoire; many phase-variable genes are highly immunogenic, and so would be ideal vaccine candidates, but unstable expression due to phase-variation may allow vaccine escape. This review will summarise our current understanding of phase-variable genes that switch expression by a variety of mechanisms, and describe their role in disease and pathobiology.
CF290 for pancolonic chromoendoscopy improved sessile serrated polyp detection and procedure time: a propensity score-matching study
Authors: Toyoshima Osamu , Yoshida Shuntaro , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Yamakawa Tadahiro , Sakitani Kosuke , Hata Keisuke , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Watanabe Hidenobu , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims The benefits of the new-generation CF290 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) for pancolonic chromoendoscopy (PCC) for colorectal polyp detection and its procedure time remain questionable. We compared the CF290 with the previous CF260 for PCC.
Methods We performed a propensity score-matching study using baseline characteristics such as age, sex, indications, endoscopist, and bowel preparation. We compared the detection of adenomas and sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) and procedure times of two expert endoscopists who performed PCC using the CF290 series (high-quality system with flushing pump) and the CF260 series (high-definition system).
Results We matched 374 patients who underwent PCC using the CF290 and 187 patients who underwent PCC using the CF260. The adenoma detection rate of the 290 series was higher than that of the 260 series, but not significantly. The SSP detection rate for the 290 series was higher than that for the 260 series (P = 0.01). Insertion time required for the 290 series was shorter than that required for the 260 series (P < 0.0001). Withdrawal time of the 290 series was shorter than that of the 260 series (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion Advanced technology can provide accuracy and help save time, and therefore, should be applied whenever possible.
A Case of Dextrotransposition of the Great Arteries Type I with Reversed Differential Cyanosis
Authors: Morimoto Yuichi , Inamura Noboru , Takemura Tukasa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransposition of the great arteries type I is a severe congenital heart disease that induces serious cyanosis immediately after birth and death within 24 hours, unless proper treatment is administered. A few cases have presented with reversed differential cyanosis, manifesting as separated cyanosis with high SpO2 values in the lower limbs. However, there have been few reports of survivors of transposition of the great arteries type I presenting with reversed differential cyanosis. We experienced a case of transposition of the great arteries type I presenting with reversed differential cyanosis immediately after birth. The infant was urgently transported because of postnatal SpO2 of 40% in the upper limbs and 90% in the lower limbs. The echocardiographic diagnosis was transposition of the great arteries type I with a narrow foramen ovale. We immediately performed balloon atrioseptostomy, and the reversed differential cyanosis was improved. The infant seems to have presented with reversed differential cyanosis because of the foramen ovale narrowing and complicating pulmonary hypertension due to fetal circulation and characteristic of transposition of the great arteries type I. Congenital heart disease, presenting with reversed differential cyanosis, is a clinical condition requiring emergency management.
Linking Quality Improvement and Health Information Technology through the QI-HIT Figure 8
Authors: Jamieson Trevor , Mamdani Muhammad M. , Etchells Edward 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe implementation of health information technology (HIT) is complex. A method for mitigating complexity is incrementalism. Incrementalism forms the foundation of both incremental software development models, like agile, and the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles (PDSAs) of quality improvement (QI), yet we often fail to be incremental at the union of the disciplines. We propose a new model for HIT implementation that explicitly links incremental software development cycles with PDSAs, the QI-HIT Figure 8 (QIHIT-F8). We then detail a subsequent local HIT implementation where we demonstrated its use. The QIHIT-F8 requires a reprioritization of project management activities around tests of change, strong QI principles to detect these changes, and the presence of both baseline and prospective data about the chosen indicators. These conditions are most likely to be present when applied to indicators of high strategic importance to an organization.
Continuidad discursiva y evidencialidad citativa en el marcador discursivopor su parte
Authors: Llopis Cardona Ana 
Published: July 2019

ResumenEsta investigación demuestra que el marcador discursivo de continuidadpor su parteno forma parte necesariamente de una serie y no impone restricciones sobre la orientación argumentativa de las unidades discursivas que conecta. El análisis de corpus revela, además, que el significado básico de continuación es determinado según el referente del posesivo y el tipo de discurso. Cuando el deíctico se refiere a un agente y aparece en discurso referido, el marcador asume un valor evidencial, que había sido ignorado en la bibliografía. Así pues, el artículo se ocupa de caracterizar las funciones depor su parte, centrándose en la función híbrida entre la continuación discursiva y la evidencialidad citativa. Finalmente, trata cuestiones teóricas derivadas, como el tratamiento como marca de evidencialidad citativa, y la relación entre evidencialidad y polifonía.
Los objetos verbales de persona como variantes de tratamiento
interpersonal canario en la red social Facebook
Authors: Serrano María José 
Published: July 2019

Resumen
Las formas de objeto de segunda persona del plural
les, los, las /a ustedes,
os/a ustedes son recursos que posee la lengua española para
indexar a los referentes plurales. Sin embargo, en la variedad del español de
Canarias, solo es posible la primera. En general, ambos paradigmas tienden a ser
usados mediante los clíticos o variantes omitidas les, los, las
y os. Estas formas adquieren una notable rentabilidad
comunicativa en las redes sociales, ya que, al tratarse de discurso escrito, los
interlocutores no están presentes y deben ser indexados de la forma más clara
posible. En esta investigación se demostrará que los emisores de procedencia
canaria que participan en Facebook presentan alternancia en el uso de los
clíticos les y os según diversos propósitos
comunicativos. Así, esta variación tiende a coaparecer con dos tipos de
estructura argumental del verbo (monotransitivos y ditransitivos) y según el
contenido que se desee transmitir con el mensaje (emocional o informativo).
Aunque esta variación pueda llevar a la consideración de que estamos ante un
caso de deslealtad lingüística, el uso de la forma no prototípica canaria
obedece a una necesidad comunicativa presente en los mensajes de la red social
Facebook.
From research to the textbook
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Lorena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies on speech acts represent an extensive, multidisciplinary area of research, encompassing diverse theoretical approaches such as those stemming from pragmatic, conversational, discourse, cognitive, constructional, and functional perspectives. Altogether, these theories offer an eloquent picture of the type of knowledge that is necessary to perform and understand speech acts correctly. English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers need to be aware to what extent such contemporary research findings on speech acts have made their way into present-day textbooks, and this paper sets out to elucidate this issue.First, we look at contemporary studies on speech acts in search of the key theoretical aspects of illocutionary performance that should ideally be included in ESL course book series. Second, we analyze a collection of seven such course series to assess to what extent they incorporate those theoretical findings. Finally, we consider the weaknesses of present-day textbooks in relation to the teaching of illocutionary acts, thus providing an informed ground for their elaboration and improvement.
The acquisition of differential object marking in Spanish by Romanian
speakers
Authors: Montrul Silvina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The obligatory use of the preposition ‘a’ with
animate, specific direct objects in Spanish (Juan conoce a
María “Juan knows Maria”) is a well-known instance of Differential
Object Marking (dom). This study investigates the acquisition of
dom by native speakers of Romanian learning Spanish. Spanish and
Romanian have dom lexicalized in the prepositions ‘a’
(Spanish) and in ‘pe’ (Romanian). In the two languages
dom is regulated by animacy and specificity. Thirty-two native
speakers of Spanish and 36 Romanian-speaking learners of Spanish with advanced
proficiency completed a written production, a written comprehension, and an
acceptability judgment task. The results show that, in general, and unlike what
has been found for English-speaking learners of Spanish, advanced Romanian
learners of Spanish are successful at acquiring the feature specification and
distribution of dom in Spanish. The findings are discussed with respect
to the nature of ultimate attainment as a function of language transfer.
The digital dilemma
Authors: Seibert Hanson Aroline E. , Dracos Melisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The study abroad (SA) experience now involves increased learner
access via technology to the home (in the L1) and to the host culture (in the
L2). L1 technology use could detract from host culture integration and language
learning by allowing SA participants to remain immersed in the L1, while L2
technology use could aid in host culture integration by connecting participants
to L2 speakers. Given this, it is urgent to determine the nature of the impact
of L1 and L2 technology use abroad on motivation, language gains, and host
culture integration. In the present study, we analyzed daily technology logs,
learner motivation and L2 gains, and guided reflections on host culture
engagement and L2 learning goals by eleven US university students studying
abroad in Argentina. Motivation and L2 abilities increased significantly, and
were positively correlated. Also, L1 and L2 digital contact showed important
qualitative relationships with motivation and host culture integration.
Comparison between multicomponent and simultaneous dual-task exercise interventions in long-term nursing home residents: the Ageing-ONDUAL-TASK randomized controlled study
Authors: Rezola-Pardo Chloe , Arrieta Haritz , Gil Susana María , Zarrazquin Idoia , Yanguas José Javier , López Maria Antonia , Irazusta Jon , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
the potential benefits of dual-task interventions on older adults living in long-term nursing homes (LTNHs) from a multidimensional perspective are unknown. We sought to determine whether the addition of simultaneous cognitive training to a multicomponent exercise program offers further benefits to dual-task, physical and cognitive performance, psycho-affective status, quality of life and frailty in LTNH residents. Design: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting
nine LTNHs in Gipuzkoa, Spain.

Subjects
85 men and women (ACTRN12618000536268).

Methods
participants were randomly assigned to a multicomponent or dual-task training group. The multicomponent group performed two sessions per week of individualized and progressive strength and balance exercises for 3 months. The dual-task group performed simultaneous cognitive tasks to the same tasks as in the multicomponent group. Gait speed under single- and dual-task conditions, physical and cognitive performance, psycho-affective status, quality of life and frailty were measured at baseline and after 3 months of intervention.

Results
both groups showed clinically significant improvements on gait performance under single- and dual-task conditions and on the short physical performance battery (P < 0.05). Both interventions were effective in maintaining cognitive function (P > 0.05). Only the multicomponent group significantly improved quality of life, and reduced anxiety and Fried frailty score (P < 0.05). No group-by-time interactions were found except for the chair-stand test in favour of the multicomponent group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
the addition of simultaneous cognitive training does not seem to offer significantly greater benefits to the evaluated multicomponent exercise program in older adults living in LTNHs.
Diagnosis of Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Adulthood
Authors: Alsomali Mohammed I , Yearsley Martha M , Levin Douglas M , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We studied clinicopathologic features of congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) that could aid the diagnosis of this relatively rare condition during adulthood.

Methods
Five consecutive adult CHF cases were identified in a single institution.

Results
Clinical manifestations of CHF varied from asymptomatic to requiring liver transplantation. Three of five cases had other disease associations, including Joubert syndrome, Caroli disease, polycystic kidney disease, and congenital anomaly of hepatic vasculature. No unique common radiologic findings were found. Histologically, all cases showed characteristic abnormal interlobular bile ducts embedded in fibrotic portal stroma, with varying degrees of liver fibrosis.

Conclusions
While other disease associations and characteristic liver histomorphology are helpful clues to suspect the diagnosis of CHF in adult patients, other differential diagnoses should be excluded clinically and radiologically. This study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach by pathologists, radiologists, and hepatologists for the accurate diagnosis of CHF during adulthood.
Blood Pressure Screening Campaign in Jamaica: May Measurement Month 2017
Authors: Nwokocha Magdalene , Romero Cesar A , Holder Cheryl , Whylie Natalie , Wong Hiu , Lietch Joan , Wilks Rohan , Hosang Mark , Francis Sheena , Brown Paul D , Paul Tomlin , Abel Wendel , Barton Everard , Wilks Rainford , Nwokocha Chukwuemeka R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HTN) is responsible for a significant disease burden in Jamaica. We are reporting the results of the 2017 blood pressure (BP) screening campaign May Measurement Month in Jamaica that aimed to increase the awareness of HTN.

METHODS
Adults, 18 years old and older, from different parishes of Jamaica were invited to participate during May to June 2017. Demographic data were collected. BP, weight, and height were measured and recorded.

RESULTS
Five hundred sixty-six participants (n = 566) were enrolled, 91.6% (519) from urban areas, and 72.6% (410) were females. The average age was 53.7 (18–95) years old and body mass index was 28.2 ± 6.6 kg/m2. The prevalence of HTN was 47.3% (267/566), without gender or living areas differences (both P &gt; 0.1). Prevalence of HTN was lower in those who self-identified as Interracial ethnicity, in comparison with Afro-Caribbean (33% vs. 48.3%; P = 0.04). About third of the hypertensive patients were not aware of the high BP (89/267; 35.6%). Between hypertensive patients, 64.4% (172/267) were receiving antihypertensive drugs. The rate of BP control was 32% of the hypertensive patients and 50% of those receiving antihypertensive medication. Significant lower BP control was observed between diabetic vs. nondiabetic patients (34.3% vs. 60%; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSION
We found a high prevalence of HTN in this population, especially in patients with diabetes or previous cardiovascular diseases. We report an increase in HTN awareness in Jamaica but more advances need to be performed to increase HTN treatment and control.
Temporary Anosmia in Mice Following Nasal Lavage With Dilute Detergent Solution
Authors: Mast Thomas Gerald , Zuk Kelsey , Rinke Andrew , Quasem Khaleel , Savard Bradley , Brobbey Charles , Reiss Jacob , Dryden Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOlfactory sensory deprivation induces anosmia and reduces tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels in the olfactory bulb. The behavioral consequences specific to the loss of olfactory bulb dopamine are difficult to determine because sensory deprivation protocols are either confounded by side effects or leave the animal anosmic. A new method to both induce sensory deprivation and to measure the behavioral and circuit consequences is needed. We developed a novel, recoverable anosmia protocol using nasal lavage with a dilute detergent solution. Detergent treatment did not damage the olfactory epithelium as measured by scanning electron microscopy, alcian blue histology, and acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry. One treatment-induced anosmia that lasted 24 to 48 h. Three treatments over 5 days reduced olfactory bulb tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels indicating that anosmia persists between treatments. Importantly, even with multiple treatments, olfactory ability recovered within 48 h. This is the first report of a sensory deprivation protocol that induces recoverable anosmia and can be paired with biochemical, histological, and behavioral investigations of olfaction.
Enhancement of the Olfactory Response by Lipocalin Cp-Lip1 in Newt Olfactory Receptor Cells: An Electrophysiological Study
Authors: Nakamura Tadashi , Noumi Yoshihiro , Yamakawa Hiroyuki , Nakamura Atsushi , Wen Durige , Li Xing , Geng Xiong , Sawada Ken , Iwasa Tatsuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPreviously, we have detected the expression of 2 lipocalin genes (lp1 and lp2) in the olfactory epithelium of the Japanese newt Cynops pyrrhogaster. Recombinant proteins of these genes (Cp-Lip1 and Cp-Lip2, respectively) exhibited high affinities to various odorants, suggesting that they work like the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). However, the physiological functions of OBP generally remain inconclusive. Here, we examined the effect of Cp-Lip1 on the electrophysiological responses of newt olfactory receptor cells. We observed that the electro-olfactogram induced by the vapor of an odorant with high affinity to Cp-Lip1 appeared to increase in amplitude when a tiny drop of Cp-Lip1 solution was dispersed over the olfactory epithelium. However, the analysis was difficult because of possible interference by intrinsic components in the nasal mucus. We subsequently adopted a mucus-free condition by using suction electrode recordings from isolated olfactory cells, in which impulses were generated by puffs of odorant solution. When various concentration (0–5 µM) of Cp-Lip1 was mixed with the stimulus solution of odorants highly affinitive to Cp-Lip1, the impulse frequency increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The increase by Cp-Lip1 was seen more evidently at lower concentration ranges of stimulus odorants. These results strongly suggest that Cp-Lip1 broadens the sensitivity of the olfactory cells toward the lower concentration of odorants, by which animals can detect very low concentration of odorants.
Reinventing the barbarian: Electra, sibling incest, and twentieth-century Hellenism
Authors: Olive Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince Hugo von Hofmannsthal’s adaptation of Sophocles’ Electra in 1903, numerous dramatic versions of the Electra story have given the heroine a sexually charged relationship with her brother, or even her sister. Despite being an international phenomenon, predating Jung’s coinage of the ‘Electra complex’ by a decade and enduring through more than a century of artistic and institutional trends, this trope has received little scholarly attention. Since the appearance of sibling incest in adaptations of the Electra plays, scholars from multiple disciplines have even begun to read intimations of incest in the ancient dramatic texts. This article will consider the aetiology of a motif that resists being attributed to a single cause.
Rescuing the ectomycorrhizal biodiversity associated with South American Nothofagaceae forest, from the 19th century naturalists up to molecular biogeography
Authors: Barroetaveña Carolina , Salomón María Eugenia Salgado , Bassani Vilma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe southernmost portion of the Andes in South America hosts Nothofagaceae forests that form ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations. We compiled all the published reports of EcM taxa from these woodlands, based on fruit-body collections and molecularly identified root tips. This resulted in 87 peer-reviewed research papers dealing with EcM associations from Nothofagaceae forests published over the past 62 years. Based on these papers the EcM richness and its association with Nothofagaceae species was analyzed. Represented by 45 genera (34 Basidiomycetes and 11 Ascomycetes), 479 EcM taxa have been recorded, plus an additional 46 EcM taxa which are potentially EcM. Cortinarius was the most frequent and diverse genus, with 64.9% of total species. Nothofagus dombeyi had the highest number of unique EcM species, followed by N. pumilio, N. antarctica and Lophozonia obliqua. The EcM community associated with Nothofagus species, except N. nitida, showed higher similarities among themselves, than with Lophozonia and Fuscospora species. Beta diversity indexes showed EcM Nothofagus species have 29–42% niche overlap, while Nothofagus—Lophozonia only had 1–16%. The assessment of the accuracy of the EcM diversity, host specificity and community structure deserve further studies combining phylogenetic analysis based on broad ecological surveys. On the basis of pre-selected criteria Austropaxillus statuum, Cortinarius fragilis, Cortinarius xiphidipus and Hallingea purpurea are proposed as candidates for nursery spore inoculations, and should be subject to scientific evaluation to determine costs and benefits.