bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Drives Commodity Returns? Market, Sector or Idiosyncratic Factors?
Authors: Ma Jun , Vivian Andrew , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between 43 commodity returns using a dynamic factor model with time varying stochastic volatility. The dynamic factor model decomposes each commodity return into a common (market), sector‐specific and commodity‐specific component. It enables the variance attributed to each component to be estimated at each point in time. We find the return variation explained by the common factor has increased substantially for the recent period and is statistically significant for the vast majority of commodities since 2004 (at each point in time) This phenomenon is the strongest for non‐perishable products. We link the amount of variation explained by the common factor to economic variables.
Opening‐up labor mobility? Rising powers' rulemaking in trade agreements
Authors: Lavenex Sandra , Jurje Flavia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes China's and India's role as emerging rulemakers in one of the most contested fields of international cooperation: labor mobility. It shows how both countries have seized the trade venue to negotiate labor mobility clauses that go well beyond the original preferences of established powers. Whereas India's more vocal claims have faced resistance, China's success in concluding far‐reaching bilateral deals with Western countries is explained with stronger domestic regulatory capability and capacity. Maintaining a technocratic approach in trade negotiations, supported by the centralization of relevant competences in the trade ministry and consistently synchronizing external commitments with domestic reforms, China has been able to convey its market power into regulatory influence. As a result, the global standard for negotiating mobility in trade agreements has risen – notwithstanding the enduring stalemate at the multilateral level.
The effect of action observation and motor imagery combinations on upper limb kinematics and EMG during dart‐throwing
Authors: Romano Smith Stephanie , Wood Greg , Coyles Ginny , Roberts James W. , Wakefield Caroline J. 
Published: August 2019

Recent research has begun to employ interventions that combine action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) with positive results. However, little is known about the underpinning facilitative effect on performance. Participants (n = 50) were randomly allocated to one of five training groups: action observation (AO), motor imagery (MI), simultaneous action observation and motor imagery (S‐AOMI), alternate action observation and motor imagery (A‐AOMI), and control. The task involved dart‐throwing at a concentric circle dartboard at pre‐ and post‐test. Interventions were conducted 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Data were collected from performance outcomes and mean muscle activation of the upper and forearm muscles. Angular velocity and peak angular velocity measurements of the elbow were also collected from the throwing arm. Results showed performance of the A‐AOMI group improved to a significantly greater degree than the AO (P = .04), MI (P = .04), and control group (P = .02), and the S‐AOMI group improved to a greater degree than the control group (P = .02). Mean muscle activation of the triceps brachii significantly reduced in the S‐AOMI and A‐AOMI (P < .01) groups, and participants in the AO (P = .04), A‐AOMI, and S‐AOMI (P < .01) groups significantly reduced activation in the bicep brachii from pre‐ to post‐test. Peak angular velocity significantly decreased from pre‐ to post‐test in both A‐AOMI and S‐AOMI (P < .01) groups. The results reaffirm the benefits of AOMI for facilitating skill learning and provide an insight how these interventions produce favorable changes in EMG and movement kinematics.
AtERF#111/ABR1 is a transcriptional activator involved in the wounding response
Authors: Bäumler Judith , Riber Willi , Klecker Maria , Müller Leon , Dissmeyer Nico , Weig Alfons R. , Mustroph Angelika 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAtERF#111/ABR1 belongs to the group X of the ERF/AP2 transcription factor family (GXERFs) and is shoot specifically induced under submergence and hypoxia. It was described to be an ABA‐response repressor, but our data reveal a completely different function. Surprisingly, AtERF#111 expression is strongly responsive to wounding stress. Expression profiling of ERF#111‐overexpressing (OE) plants, which show morphological phenotypes like increased root hair length and number, strengthens the hypothesis of AtERF#111 being involved in the wounding response, thereby acting as a transcriptional activator of gene expression. Consistent with a potential function outside of oxygen signalling, we could not assign AtERF#111 as a target of the PRT6 N‐degron pathway, even though it starts with a highly conserved N‐terminal Met−Cys (MC) motif. However, the protein is unstable as it is degraded in an ubiquitin‐dependent manner. Finally, direct target genes of AtERF#111 were identified by microarray analyses and subsequently confirmed by protoplast transactivation assays. The special roles of diverse members of the plant‐specific GXERFs in coordinating stress signalling and wound repair mechanisms have been recently hypothesized, and our data suggest that AtERF#111 is indeed involved in these processes.
Impact of a nurse engagement intervention on pain, agitation and delirium assessment in a community intensive care unit
Authors: Tan Carolyn M , Camargo Mercedes , Miller Franziska , Ross Katie , Maximous Ramez , Yung Priscilla , Marshall Carl , Fleming Dimitra , Law Madelyn , Tsang Jennifer LY 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundIn 2013, the Society of Critical Care Medicine published a revised version of the ICU Pain, Agitation, and Delirium (PAD) guidelines. Immobility and sleep were subsequently added in 2018. Despite the well-established advantages of implementing these guidelines, adoption and adherence remain suboptimal. This is especially true in community settings, where PAD assessment is performed less often, and the implementation of PAD guidelines has not yet been studied. The purpose of this prospective interventional study is to evaluate the effect of a multifaceted nurse engagement intervention on PAD assessment in a community intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsAll patients admitted to our community ICU for over 24 hours were included. A 20-week baseline audit was performed, followed by the intervention, and a 20-week postintervention audit. The intervention consisted of a survey, focus groups and education sessions. Primary outcomes included rates of daily PAD assessment using validated tools.ResultsThere were improvements in the number of patients with at least one assessment per day of pain (67.5% vs 59.3%, p=0.04), agitation (93.1% vs 78.7%, p<0.001) and delirium (54.2% vs 39.4%, p<0.001), and the number of patients with target Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale ordered (63.1% vs 46.8%, p=0.002). There was a decrease in the rate of physical restraint use (10.0% vs 30.9%, p<0.001) and no change in self-extubation rate (0.9% vs 2.5%, p=0.2).ConclusionThe implementation of a multifaceted nurse engagement intervention has the potential to improve rates of PAD assessment in community ICUs. Screening rates in our ICU remain suboptimal despite these improvements. We plan to implement multidisciplinary interventions targeting physicians, nurses and families to close the observed care gap.
Quantification of Myocardial Mass Subtended by a Coronary Stenosis Using Intracoronary Physiology
Authors: Murai Tadashi , van de Hoef Tim P. , van den Boogert Thomas P.W. , Wijntjens Gilbert W.M. , Stegehuis Valérie E. , Echavarria-Pinto Mauro , Hoshino Masahiro , Yonetsu Taishi , Planken R. Nils , Henriques José P.S. , Escaned Javier , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Piek Jan J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
In patients with stable coronary artery disease, the amount of myocardium subtended by coronary stenoses constitutes a major determinant of prognosis, as well as of the benefit of coronary revascularization. We devised a novel method to estimate partial myocardial mass (PMM; ie, the amount of myocardium subtended by a stenosis) during physiological stenosis interrogation. Subsequently, we validated the index against equivalent PMM values derived from applying the Voronoi algorithm on coronary computed tomography angiography.

Methods:

Based on the myocardial metabolic demand and blood supply, PMM was calculated as follows: PMM (g)=APV×D
2
×π/(1.24×10
−
3
×HR×sBP+1.6), where APV indicates average peak blood flow velocity; D, vessel diameter; HR, heart rate; and sBP, systolic blood pressure. We calculated PMM to 43 coronary vessels (32 patients) interrogated with pressure and Doppler guidewires, and compared it with computed tomography–based PMM.

Results:

Median PMM was 15.8 g (Q1, Q3: 11.7, 28.4 g) for physiology-based PMM, and 17.0 g (Q1, Q3: 12.5, 25.9 g) for computed tomography–based PMM (
P
=0.84). Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.916 (
P
<0.001), and Passing-Bablok analysis revealed absence of both constant and proportional differences (coefficient A: −0.9; 95% CI, −4.5 to 0.9; and coefficient B, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.25]. Bland-Altman analysis documented a mean bias of 0.5 g (limit of agreement: −9.1 to 10.2 g).

Conclusions:
Physiology-based calculation of PMM in the catheterization laboratory is feasible and can be accurately performed as part of functional stenosis assessment.
Long-Term Effect of Ultrathin-Strut Versus Thin-Strut Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients With Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Iglesias Juan F. , Heg Dik , Roffi Marco , Tüller David , Noble Stéphane , Muller Olivier , Moarof Igal , Cook Stéphane , Weilenmann Daniel , Kaiser Christoph , Cuculi Florim , Häner Jonas , Jüni Peter , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Randomized trials evaluating the Orsiro biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (BP-SES; 60 and 80 μm strut thickness for stent diameters ≤3 and >3 mm, respectively) did not stratify according to vessel size and failed to specify the impact of ultrathin-strut thickness on long-term clinical outcomes compared with durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents (DP-EES). We sought to assess the long-term effect of ultrathin-strut (60 μm) BP-SES versus thin-strut (81 μm) DP-EES on long-term outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization for small vessel disease.

Methods:
In a subgroup analysis of the randomized, multicenter, noninferiority BIOSCIENCE trial, patients with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome randomly assigned to treatment with BP-SES or DP-EES were stratified according to vessel size (≤3 mm versus >3 mm) as a surrogate to compare patients treated with ultrathin-strut versus thin-strut drug-eluting stent. The primary end point was target lesion failure, a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization, within 5 years.

Results:

Among 2109 patients, 1234 (59%) were treated for small vessel disease. At 5 years, target lesion failure occurred in 124 patients (cumulative incidence, 22.3%) treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES and 109 patients (18.3%) treated with thin-strut DP-EES (rate ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.94–1.58;
P
=0.13). Cumulative incidences of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization and definite stent thrombosis at 5 years were similar in patients treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES and thin-strut DP-EES. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant interaction between vessel size and treatment effect of BP-SES versus DP-EES.

Conclusions:
We found no significant difference in clinical outcomes throughout 5 years between patients with small vessel disease treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES versus thin-strut DP-EES.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01443104.
Twenty-Four–Hour Reocclusion After Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Marto João Pedro , Strambo Davide , Hajdu Steven D. , Eskandari Ashraf , Nannoni Stefania , Sirimarco Gaia , Bartolini Bruno , Puccinelli Francesco , Maeder Philippe , Saliou Guillaume , Michel Patrik 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
Early arterial recanalization is a strong determinant of prognosis in acute ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, reocclusion can occur after initial recanalization. We assessed associated factors and long-term prognosis of reocclusion after successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods—
From the prospectively constructed Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne cohort, we included consecutive patients with anterior and posterior circulation strokes treated by successful MT (modified treatment in cerebral infarction 2b-3) and with 24-hour vascular imaging available. Reocclusion at this time-point was defined as new intracranial occlusion within an arterial segment recanalized at the end of MT. Through multivariate logistic regression, we investigated associated factors and 3-months outcome. In a 4:1 matched-cohort, we also assessed the role of residual thrombus or stenosis on post-recanalization angiographic images as potential predictor of reocclusion.

Results—
Among 473 patients with successful recanalization, 423 (89%) were included. Of these, 28 (6.6%) had 24-hour reocclusion. Preadmission statin therapy (aOR [adjusted odds ratio], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.94), intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion (aOR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.50–8.32), number of passes (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06–1.62), transient reocclusion during MT (aOR, 8.55; 95% CI, 2.14–34.09), and atherosclerotic cause (aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.34–7.37) were independently associated with reocclusion. In the matched-cohort analysis, residual thrombus or stenosis was associated with reocclusion (aOR, 15.6; 95% CI, 4.6–52.8). Patients experiencing reocclusion had worse outcome (aOR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.2–20.0).

Conclusions—
Reocclusion within 24-hours of successful MT was independently associated with statin pretreatment, occlusion site, more complex procedures, atherosclerotic cause, and residual thrombus or stenosis after recanalization. Reocclusion impact on long-term outcome highlights the need to monitor and prevent this early complication.
Wintertime Orographic Cloud Seeding—A Review
Authors: Rauber Robert M. , Geerts Bart , Xue Lulin , French Jeffrey , Friedrich Katja , Rasmussen Roy M. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Blestrud Derek R. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Parkinson Shaun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews research conducted over the last six decades to understand and quantify the efficacy of wintertime orographic cloud seeding to increase winter snowpack and water supplies within a mountain basin. The fundamental hypothesis underlying cloud seeding as a method to enhance precipitation from wintertime orographic cloud systems is that a cloud’s natural precipitation efficiency can be enhanced by converting supercooled water to ice upstream and over a mountain range in such a manner that newly created ice particles can grow and fall to the ground as additional snow on a specified target area. The review summarizes the results of physical, statistical, and modeling studies aimed at evaluating this underlying hypothesis, with a focus on results from more recent experiments that take advantage of modern instrumentation and advanced computation capabilities. Recent advances in assessment and operations are also reviewed, and recommendations for future experiments, based on the successes and failures of experiments of the past, are given.
Factors Associated with Free Flap Failures in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Crawley Meghan B. , Sweeny Larissa , Ravipati Prasanti , Heffelfinger Ryan , Krein Howard , Luginbuhl Adam , Goldman Richard , Curry Joseph 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate causes of failure of free flap reconstructions in patients undergoing reconstruction of head and neck defects.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle tertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsPatients underwent reconstruction between January 2007 and June 2017 (n = 892). Variables included were clinical characteristics, social history, defect site, donor tissue, ischemia time, and postoperative complications. Statistical methods used include univariable and multivariable analysis of failure.ResultsThe overall failure rate was 4.8% (n = 43). Intraoperative ischemia time was associated with free flap failures (odds ratio [OR], 1.062; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.019‐1.107; P =. 004) for each addition of 5 minutes. Free flaps that required pedicle revision at time of initial surgery were 9 times more likely to fail (OR, 9.953; 95% CI, 3.242‐27.732; P <. 001). Patients who experienced alcohol withdrawal after free flap placement were 3.7 times more likely to experience flap failure (OR, 3.690; 95% CI, 1.141‐10.330; P =. 031). Ischemia time remained an independent significant risk factor for failure in nonosteocutaneous free flaps (OR, 1.105; 95% CI, 1.031‐1.185). Alcohol withdrawal was associated with free flap failure in osteocutaneous reconstructions (OR, 5.046; 95% CI 1.103‐19.805) while hypertension was found to be protective (OR, 0.056; 95% CI, 0.000‐0.445).ConclusionProlonged ischemia time, pedicle revision, and alcohol withdrawal were associated with higher rates of flap failure. Employing strategies to minimize ischemic time may have potential to decrease failure rates. Flaps that require pedicle revision and patients with a history of significant alcohol use require closer monitoring.
The Potential of High‐Throughput DNA Sequencing of the Paranasal Sinus Microbiome in Diagnosing Odontogenic Sinusitis
Authors: Haider Asad A. , Marino Michael J. , Yao William C. , Citardi Martin J. , Luong Amber U. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveHigh‐throughput DNA sequencing of the paranasal sinus microbiome has potential in the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of high‐throughput DNA sequencing to diagnose sinusitis of odontogenic origin.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle tertiary care academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsA chart review was performed of DNA sequencing results from the sinus aspirates obtained under endoscopic visualization in 142 patients with sinusitis. The identification of any potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with oral flora in a sample was classified as a positive result for sinusitis of odontogenic etiology. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of using high‐throughput DNA sequencing to diagnose sinusitis of odontogenic etiology were determined, with the patient’s computed tomography sinus scan as the reference standard. On computed tomography scans, an odontogenic source was determined by the presence of a periapical lucency perforating the schneiderian membrane.ResultsSeven of the 142 patients enrolled in this study had an odontogenic source based on computed tomography scans. Relative to this reference standard, high‐throughput DNA sequencing produced a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI, 42.1%‐99.6%), a specificity of 81.5% (95% CI, 73.9%‐87.6%), a positive predictive value of 19.4% (95% CI, 13.1%‐27.7%), and a negative predictive value of 99.1% (95% CI, 94.7%‐99.9%).ConclusionThis study supports the use of high‐throughput DNA sequencing in supplementing other methods of investigation for identifying an odontogenic etiology of sinusitis.
Outcomes of Cadaveric Allograft versus Autologous Cartilage Graft in Functional Septorhinoplasty
Authors: Saadi Robert , Loloi Justin , Schaefer Eric , Lighthall Jessyka G. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveOur goal was to elucidate the efficacy and outcome profile of cadaveric allografts (homograft costal cartilage) in functional septorhinoplasty as compared with autografts (quadrangular cartilage, conchal cartilage, and autologous costal cartilage).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingOtolaryngology division of the Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.Subjects and MethodsA chart review of a single surgeon’s practice was conducted with Current Procedural Terminology codes for septorhinoplasty (30410, 30420, 30430, 30435, 30450, 30465) from August 1, 2014, to August 1, 2017. All patients underwent functional septorhinoplasty for a chief complaint of nasal obstruction. Outcomes were collected up to 12 months following the operation and included the validated Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), infection rate, malposition/warping of the graft, need for revision surgery, and graft loss.ResultsA total of 171 cases were included in our data analysis. On multivariate analysis, there were no significant differences between patients who had autografts and those who had allografts in 3‐, 6‐, or 12‐month postoperative NOSE score. Preoperative NOSE score was the only covariate to demonstrate a significant positive relationship to postoperative NOSE score. Regarding outcomes between autograft and allograft, no significant differences were found in rate of graft resorption (3.4% vs 5.6%, P =. 680), graft warping (3.4% vs 0%, P =. 309), infection (0% vs 1.9%, P =. 316), or need for revision surgery (4.3% vs 5.6%, P =. 709).ConclusionAutologous grafting is often the first choice in septorhinoplasty because of its presumed resistance to infection and resorption. Similar to autologous grafts, allografts are resistant to infection and resorption and demonstrate prolonged efficacy following functional septorhinoplasty.
The role of concealment and relationship quality on patient hospitalizations, care strain and depressive symptoms in heart failure dyads
Authors: Lyons Karen S , Sadowski Taylor , Lee Christopher S 
Published: August 2019

Background: Heart failure is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization among older adults and negatively influences person-reported outcomes of patients and their care partners. Moreover, the majority of heart failure research examines patients and care partners separately, ignoring the interdependent nature of the heart failure dyad. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the interpersonal factors associated with depressive symptoms of heart failure patients and spouse care partners, patient hospitalizations over the last 12 months and care strain. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to examine 60 community-dwelling adults with heart failure and their spouse care partners. Multilevel modeling controlled for the interdependent nature of the dyadic data. Results: Patients had significantly worse depressive symptoms than their spouse care partners. More patient concealment (i.e. hiding concerns/worries) and worse relationship quality were significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms for patients, but not spouse care partners. Better relationship quality (reported by spouse care partners) was significantly associated with lower levels of care strain, whereas better relationship quality (reported by patients) was significantly associated with worse care strain. Patients who had one or more hospitalizations over the past 12 months were significantly more likely to report higher levels of concealment; relationship quality was not associated with patient hospitalizations. Conclusion: Findings highlight the interdependent nature of heart failure and the complexity of the interpersonal context. Greater focus on how the heart failure dyad navigates illness as a unit over time is needed to design and tailor innovative lines of clinical intervention to optimize dyadic and individual health.