bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenotonsillar microbiome: an update
Authors: Johnston James Jordan , Douglas Richard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPathogenic bacteria associated with the adenoids and tonsils cause much morbidity in the paediatric population. Hyperplasia of the adenoids is associated with otitis media with effusion and hyperplasia of the palatine tonsils is associated with both recurrent tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnoea. Most current knowledge of the microbiology of the upper airways has been derived from culture-based studies, which usually reflect only a small fraction of the bacteria present on the mucosal surface. Culture-independent molecular surveys based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing are now being employed to determine the microbiota on the surface and within the tissue of adenoids and palatine tonsils. This review describes the new techniques applied in determining the microbiome and summarises the results of studies employing these techniques.
Stress-Induced Acoustic Variation in L2 and L1 Spanish Vowels
Authors: Romanelli Sofía , Menegotto Andrea , Smyth Ron 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAim: We assessed the effect of lexical stress on the duration and quality of Spanish word-final vowels /a, e, o/ produced by American English late intermediate learners of L2 Spanish, as compared to those of native L1 Argentine Spanish speakers. Methods: Participants read 54 real words ending in /a, e, o/, with either final or penultimate lexical stress, embedded in a text and a word list. We measured vowel duration and both F1 and F2 frequencies at 3 temporal points. Results: stressed vowels were longer than unstressed vowels, in Spanish L1 and L2. L1 and L2 Spanish stressed /a/ and /e/ had higher F1 values than their unstressed counterparts. Only the L2 speakers showed evidence of rising offglides for /e/ and /o/. The L2 and L1 Spanish vowel space was compressed in the absence of stress. Conclusion: Lexical stress affected the vowel quality of L1 and L2 Spanish vowels. We provide an up-to-date account of the formant trajectories of Argentine River Plate Spanish word-final /a, e, o/ and offer experimental support to the claim that stress affects the quality of Spanish vowels in word-final contexts.
Effects of Word Position on the Acoustic Realization of Vietnamese Final Consonants
Authors: Tran Thi Thuy Hien , Vallée Nathalie , Granjon Lionel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA variety of studies have shown differences between phonetic features of consonants according to their prosodic and/or syllable (onset vs. coda) positions. However, differences are not always found, and interactions between the various factors involved are complex and not well understood. Our study compares acoustical characteristics of coda consonants in Vietnamese taking into account their position within words. Traditionally described as monosyllabic, Vietnamese is partially polysyllabic at the lexical level. In this language, tautosyllabic consonant sequences are prohibited, and adjacent consonants are only found at syllable boundaries either within polysyllabic words (CVC.CVC) or across monosyllabic words (CVC#CVC). This study is designed to examine whether or not syllable boundary types (interword vs. intraword) have an effect on the acoustic realization of codas. The results show significant acoustic differences in consonant realizations according to syllable boundary type, suggesting different coarticulation patterns between nuclei and codas. In addition, as Vietnamese voiceless stops are generally unreleased in coda position, with no burst to carry consonantal information, our results show that a vowel's second half contains acoustic cues which are available to aid in the discrimination of place of articulation of the vowel's following consonant.
The Impact of Preoperative Enteral Nutrition Enriched with Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Postoperative Hypercytokinemia after Pancreatoduodenectomy: The Results of a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ashida Ryo , Okamura Yukiyasu , Wakabayashi-Nakao Kanako , Mizuno Takashi , Aoki Shuichi , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Aims:</i></b> To investigate whether preoperative enteral diets ­enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplements could reduce the incidence of hypercytokinemia after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in a double-blinded randomized ­controlled trial. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with resectable periampullary cancer were randomized into either the control group or the treatment group. Patients in the treatment group received oral supplementation (600 kcal/day) containing EPA for 7 days before surgery. Patients in the control group received isocaloric isonitrogenous standard nutrition (600 kcal/day) without EPA for 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was postoperative serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The secondary endpoints were the postoperative nutritional status and the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-four patients were enrolled in the present study. After exclusion, 20 patients (control group, <i>n</i> = 9; treatment group, <i>n</i> = 11) were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the curves for the serum concentration of IL-6 (<i>p</i> = 0.68) or the incidence of infectious complications between the 2 groups (control group: 78%, treatment group: 55%, <i>p</i> = 0.37). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial indicated that preoperative immunonutrition had no marked impact on the rates of postoperative hypercytokinemia or infectious complications after PD.
Cluster-Randomized Trial to Evaluate a Centralized Clinical Pharmacy Service in Private Family Medicine Offices
Authors: Carter Barry L. , Levy Barcey , Gryzlak Brian , Xu Yinghui , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Dawson Jeffrey , Vander Weg Mark , Christensen Alan , James Paul , Polgreen Linnea 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The use of clinical pharmacists in primary care has improved the control of several chronic cardiovascular conditions. However, many private physician practices lack the resources to implement team-based care with pharmacists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a centralized, remote, clinical pharmacy service could improve guideline adherence and secondary measures of cardiovascular risk in primary care offices in rural and small communities.

Methods and Results:

This study was a prospective trial in 12 family medicine offices cluster randomized to either the intervention or usual care. The intervention was delivered for 12 months, and subjects had research visits at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcome was adherence to guidelines, and secondary outcomes included changes in key cardiovascular risk factors and preventative health measures. We enrolled 302 subjects. There was no improvement in the Guideline Advantage score from baseline to 12 months in the control group (64.7% versus 63.1%, respectively;
P
=0.21). There was a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group from 63.3% at baseline to 67.8% at 12 months (
P
=0.02). The estimated benefit of the intervention was 5.0%±2.4% (95% confidence interval=−0.5% to 10.4%;
P
=0.07). Several criteria were significantly better for intervention subjects, including appropriate statin therapy (
P
<0.001), body mass index, screening (
P
<0.001), and alcohol screening (
P
<0.001). Only 13.7% of subjects with diabetes mellitus had hemoglobin A1c at goal at baseline, and this increased to 30.8% and 21.0% in the intervention and control group, respectively, at 12 months (
P
=0.10).

Conclusions:
The centralized, remote pharmacist intervention was successfully implemented. The improvements in outcomes were modest, in part because of higher than expected baseline guideline adherence. Future studies of this model should focus on patients with uncontrolled conditions at high risk for cardiovascular events.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT 01983813
Traveling Sons
Authors: Charles Ronald 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In both Tobit and the parable of the Prodigal Son in Luke 15:11-32 there is featured a father-son relationship that revolves around the extended journey of the son and the son’s return to his father. This paper explores the figure of the traveling son in Tobit in close parallel with that of the traveling son in Luke 15:11-32. The aim is to indicate not solely similarities and contrasts between the two narratives but to show how Tobit might have been used as a source for the Lukan composition.
Predator recognition of chemical cues in crayfish: diet and experience influence the ability to detect predation threats
Authors: Beattie Molly C. , Moore Paul A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Aquatic prey often alter their morphology, physiology, and/or behaviour when presented with predatory chemical cues which are heavily influenced by the diet of the predator. We tested the roles that diet and prey familiarity with predators play in the ability of prey to recognize predator threats. Odours from two fish, bass and cichlid fed a vegetarian, protein, heterospecific, and a conspecific diet, were collected and presented to virile crayfish in a choice arena. Our results show that crayfish altered their behaviour in the presence of odours containing conspecific, as opposed to heterospecific diets, but only from familiar predators. A reduced anti-predator response was measured with odours from an unfamiliar predator fed conspecific crayfish. Therefore, crayfish may be able to determine different threat levels based on the different dietary cues from a potential predator, but only when the prey have familiarity with the predators.
The Transformation of Religion and the Self in the Age of Authenticity
Authors: Wilkinson Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article examines Charles Taylor’s argument that since the 1960s a culture of authenticity has come to define the late modern period. The “age of authenticity” thesis is based on a philosophical and historical approach that follows the development of Romanticism, culminating in the expressive individualism of late modernity. Taylor focuses on the lived experience of secularity and the development of a particular identity that revolves around choice, emotion, and an eclectic approach to religion. Further analysis of Taylor’s work is examined with sociological research on the sacred self and consumption, evangelical and pentecostal appropriation of authenticity, no religion as an option in the age of authenticity, and questions about the search for meaning and purpose.
Religion at Play
Authors: Vondey Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Pentecostals do not fit the dominant narrative of a secular age constructed by Charles Taylor. Instead, Pentecostalism is a religion at play that engages with the secular without accepting its authority. A critical dialogue with Taylor’s foundational proposal of the central conditions of premodern life that have made room for our modern secular world demonstrates how and why these conditions are not met in Pentecostalism. The article then identifies the alternative mechanisms in place in Pentecostalism as a form of religion at play manifested in an enchanted worldview, sociospiritual attachment, the festival of Pentecost, the transformation of secular time, and a porous cosmos. A close examination of the notion of play in Taylor’s narrative illuminates in more detail the ill fit of Pentecostalism in the history of a secular age and reveals that Pentecostalism represents a condition of religion that resolves the tension between sacred and secular and that challenges the dominance of “secular” and “religious” as uncontested ideas of our modern world.
The Geist of Hegel Past and Present
Authors: McClymond Michael J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This essay appreciates Taylor’s qualitative (rather than quantitative) approach to secularization, which has revolutionized recent discussions of this topic. Taylor’s earlier work on Hegel provides a context for interpreting his proposal in A Secular Age that Western societies are secularly religious or religiously secular—neither devoid of concern with transcendence, nor committed to theologically definite accounts of transcendence. Two major points of critique follow—first, that Hegelianism with its “immanent frame” excludes a distinctive Christian claim regarding Jesus’s incarnation; and, second, that Taylor’s hypothesis of faith “fragilized” by the “revisability” of contemporary religion needs empirical support to be fully credible. Taylor often represents religion as a lowest-common-denominator aspiration for something higher, rather than God coming to us incarnationally (John 1:14). Deism-with-transcendence is not Christianity. Taylor’s “fragilization” theory might mean that secularity, too, is “fragilized,” and it ought to provoke pastoral reflection on how “fragilized” faith might be stabilized.
Variation in testis weight of the Tibetan toad Scutiger boulengeri along a narrow altitudinal gradient
Authors: Zhang Lixia , An Dong , He Yuxiao , Li Zhibing , Fang Bohao , Chen Xiaohong , Lu Xin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Life-history theory predicts that organisms inhabiting harsh environments such as high altitudes should invest less in reproduction and more in survival. Testis size is associated with the intensity of male-male competition for mating and thus may be treated as an indicator of male reproductive investment. Hence, it may be expected that organisms will reduce their testis size with increasingly harsh environments. Here we test this prediction in a toad species, Scutiger boulengeri, endemic to the Tibetan plateau using data from three populations located at altitudes of 4078, 4276, and 4387 m. Consistent with the prediction, male toads exhibited smaller testes at higher altitudes, despite the relatively narrow altitudinal span. It is likely that cold climates and strong seasonality constrain the ability of high-altitude male toads to allocate more energy into reproduction, thereby leading to small testis size. In addition, the left testis was significantly heavier than the right one and the degree of size asymmetry was unrelated to either altitude or body condition.
Spatial overlap between domestic cats and wild felines in an insular Atlantic Forest remnant
Authors: Ferreira Giovanne A. , Nakano-Oliveira Eduardo , Andriolo Artur , Genaro Gelson 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Anthropogenic changes are a major threat to biodiversity. One of these possible changes that affect biodiversity is the introduction of domestic species in the environment, which might represent a threat to wild species. The domestic cat, in particular, has biological and behavioral characteristics that allow a great adaptability to natural areas, thus representing a potential risk to the native species, mainly to the other members of the Felidae family. In this study, the spatial overlap between four species of Neotropical wildcats and domestic cats living in an Atlantic Forest Protected Area in one of the most important forest remnants of this ecosystem was verified. The results indicate the need to adopt mitigation measures against the potential risks of this interaction with the goal of preserving the native species.
Across the Borders of Political Subjectivity
Authors: Marabello Selenia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Based on the ethnography of two co-development projects run by Ghanaian migrants to Italy, this article explores migrants’ political subjectivity by examining practices and discourses on migration as a resource for development. In Ghana, which is considered one of the African states more pro-active in designing policies to channel migration for development, diasporic groups have been re-articulated as part of the transnational nation. In Italy, where migrants are incorporated as subaltern subjects, migration and development policies have been interpreted as an inclusive tool for promoting socio-economic integration in the country of immigration. In this scenario, where neo-liberal policies celebrate migrants’ potential as development agents, the analysis focuses on the way Ghanaian migrants imagine and encounter the state of both origin and destination while reflecting and embodying discourses, becoming development brokers, and struggling to be recognized across borders.
Between Ordinary and Extraordinary
Authors: Condello Angela 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhat is the relationship between the general, abstract norm and the singular, concrete case that sometimes affirms a parallel, contrasting, norm? The present book engages with this question. The argument stems from an analysis of extraordinary singular cases that sometimes emerge, sometimes are “produced” or “promoted” as exemplary (for strategic reasons, like in law). I argue that approaching normativity in art and law from the perspective of the singular case also illustrates the theoretical importance of interdisciplinary legal scholarship, since the singularity creates room for extra-legal values to emerge as legitimate demands, desires, needs.
Nondissipative and Dissipative Momentum Deposition by Mountain Wave Events in Sheared Environments
Authors: Kruse Christopher G. , Smith Ronald B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMountain waves (MWs) are generated during episodic cross-barrier flow over broad-spectrum terrain. However, most MW drag parameterizations neglect transient, broad-spectrum dynamics. Here, the influences of these dynamics on both nondissipative and dissipative momentum deposition by MW events are quantified in a 2D, horizontally periodic idealized framework. The influences of the MW spectrum, vertical wind shear, and forcing duration are investigated. MW events are studied using three numerical models—the nonlinear, transient WRF Model; a linear, quasi-transient Fourier-ray model; and an optimally tuned Lindzen-type saturation parameterization—allowing quantification of total, nondissipative, and dissipative MW-induced decelerations, respectively. Additionally, a pseudomomentum diagnostic is used to estimate nondissipative decelerations within the WRF solutions. For broad-spectrum MWs, vertical dispersion controls spectrum evolution aloft. Short MWs propagate upward quickly and break first at the highest altitudes. Subsequently, the arrival of additional longer MWs allows breaking at lower altitudes because of their greater contribution to u variance. As a result, minimum breaking levels descend with time and event duration. In zero- and positive-shear environments, this descent is not smooth but proceeds downward in steps as a result of vertically recurring steepening levels. Nondissipative decelerations are nonnegligible and influence an MW’s approach to breaking, but breaking and dissipative decelerations quickly develop and dominate the subsequent evolution. Comparison of the three model solutions suggests that the conventional instant propagation and monochromatic parameterization assumptions lead to too much MW drag at too low an altitude.
Classification of Extreme Cold Incursions over South America
Authors: Lanfredi Isaque Saes , de Camargo Ricardo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCold-air incursions across South America present a variety of problems, sometimes by advancing to the Amazon basin and causing agricultural losses related to extreme low-temperature events. The synoptic conditions that produce cold-air incursions are relatively well understood; however, the most affected region depends on the route by which cold air spreads across the continent. Therefore, the classification of extreme cold-air incursions allows a better understanding of the particularities directly related to the aforementioned losses. In this work, similarities and differences among extreme cold surges were found through time series correlation of anomaly temperatures in four selected areas and compositing techniques from ERA-Interim reanalysis datasets, resulting in three distinct patterns: meridional penetration (MP), meridional restriction (MR), and east penetration (EP). The patterns identified here enable a more detailed understanding of the synoptic patterns and forcing mechanisms associated with extreme cold-air incursions and therefore can be used for operational weather forecasting.
The Hong Kong Healthy Schools Award Scheme, school health and student health: An exploratory study
Authors: Lee Albert , St Leger Lawrence H , Ling Kelvin WK , Keung Vera MW , Lo Amelia SC , Kwong Amy CM , Ma Hilda PS , Armstrong Erin S 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The Hong Kong Healthy Schools Award Scheme (HKHSA) developed an assessment and monitoring system to examine the status of Health Promoting Schools (HPS). This study made use of the HKHSA programme to investigate the school health ‘profile’ and student health status of four gold award schools following 3–4 years’ participation in the scheme. Design: Repeated cross-sectional student health surveys of the same year level (Secondary 3) were conducted over different time periods, and achievement of HKHSA was assessed by repeated assessments of the school health profile using HPS indicators. Setting: This study included four schools with the Healthy School gold award in Hong Kong, together with students from three of the four schools. Methods: School performance in the six HPS key areas were analysed using radial plot graphs, and students’ health behaviours were measured by means of repeated cross-sectional student health surveys. Results: The four gold award schools demonstrated various degrees of achievement in different HPS key areas with student health behaviours markedly improving in these schools. Further analyses revealed how certain HPS key area components were associated with sustained positive health behaviours among students. Conclusion: The ongoing implementation of HPS impacts on schools’ environment and students’ health behaviours. The HKHSA is designed for formative and summative assessment of school health promotion. Findings provide insight into an HPS assessment process, signalling future directions for the development of school health promotion.
Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus combined with glucocorticoid treatment for IgA nephropathy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Luo Jun , Hu Bin , Ma Tean 
Published: June 2018

Objective As a classical immunosuppressant, tacrolimus (TAC) has been widely used in organ transplantation therapy, but the general benefits of TAC for the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remain uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of TAC combined with glucocorticoid on IgAN. Methods We searched the information databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Chinese Biomedical Literature and the Chinese databases VIP, CNKI and Wan Fang for randomized controlled trials of TAC combined with glucocorticoid as a therapy for IgAN. Results Ten relevant studies involving 472 patients were included in a meta-analysis. Overall, the TAC group showed a significant decrease in proteinuria compared with the control group (MD: −0.18 g/d, 95% CI: −0.32 to −0.04). No increased risk of adverse events was observed (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.33). In general, the TAC group showed good tolerance. Conclusion Evidence to date clearly indicates that TAC combined with glucocorticoid is quite effective in reducing proteinuria and albuminuria in patients with IgAN. Moreover, we found that patients receiving TAC therapy did not show an increased risk of side effects compared with control group patients. TAC combined with glucocorticoid is a promising medication and merits further research.