bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot assessment: Integrating a cystic fibrosis simulation scenario to enhance pre-licensure educational understanding of genomics
Authors: Sharoff Leighsa 
Published: September 2019

Background and objective: Integration of patient simulations into the nursing student curricula have been shown to be effective and innovative teaching enhancements leading to enhanced knowledge, clinical reasoning and judgment for students, whilst promoting optimal patient care. This pilot study aimed to explore how the use of a simulation, with a genetic component of a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) case scenario, improved the self-perceived knowledge comprehension of pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing students of a large diverse urban School of Nursing.Methods: Three assessment surveys were utilized to glean data: nine multiple choice questions explored factual content of CF pre/post simulation; five question survey explored self-perception of knowledge and one open-ended simplified critical incident report provided qualitative data.Results: Twenty-four pre-licensure third year nursing students participated (three groups of eight students). All participants agreed that their understanding of the genetic component of CF improved post simulation. Four major themes emerged from the qualitative data: genomics and nursing; patient education; teamwork exercise and patient-nurse relationship. Conclusions: Integrating a genetically-based condition into a simulation, whereby students are expected to research the condition, engage in patient education, facilitate effective and appropriate nursing care enriches their critical thinking, confidence, skills and knowledge acquisition.
Individual differences in the way observers perceive humour styles
Authors: Brown Robyn , Findlay Bruce Malcolm , Brinker Jay 
Published: September 2019

Humour has been conceptualized as styles, which vary based on their function (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, and Weir, 2003). Research examining if and how observers perceive this intent is limited. The current study addresses this research gap by examining the perceptions of Martin et al.’s (2003) four humour styles. Additionally and of particular interest, was whether self-defeating humour and another self-directed humour style, self-deprecating humour, were perceived as two independent humour styles. Despite being similar in content, self-deprecating humour is associated with higher self-esteem and self-defeating humour with lower self-esteem. Two hundred and four students watched comedy clips and completed a survey online. Participants were asked to categorize each video clip by humour style and to rate the self-esteem of the target (i.e. comedian). Results revealed that humour styles are distinguishable by observers with participants predominantly selecting one humour style over the others for each clip. In support of the second hypothesis, targets who were categorised as using self-deprecating humour were perceived as having higher self-esteem than those categorised as using self-defeating humour, illustrating a distinction in the perception of these humour styles at an interpersonal level.
Complexing Agents
Authors: Kołodyńska Dorota 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article, the short description of the traditional and green complexing (chelating) agents (EDTA, NTA, IMDA, HEDTA, DCTA, and DTPA as well as IDS, DS, EDDS, GLDA, and MGDA), their physicochemical properties, manufacturing process, as well as application in cleaning compounds, pulp and paper, agrochemical, textile, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries, etc. are presented. The characteristics of their compounds with heavy metal ions are also included.
D
esulfobacterium
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

De.su.fo.bac.te'ri.um. L. pref.
de
, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐, desulfuricating (prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote); N.L. neut. n.
bacterium
, a rod; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfobacterium
, a rod‐shaped sulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteriaceae / Desulfobacterium

Cells are oval‐to‐rod shaped, measuring 0.7–1.5 × 2.0–2.5 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph, using formate, acetate, propionate, alcohols, other simple organic compounds, indole, quinole, and 2‐aminobenzoate as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
most likely via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Growth on formate does not require acetate. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature 28°C. Media containing a reductant and vitamin B
12
are necessary for growth. The genus
Desulfobacterium
contains only one described species that requires 20 g l
−1
NaCl and 3 g l
−1
MgCl
2
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 47.4 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Desulfobacterium indolicum
Bak and Widdel 1988, 136
VP
(Effective publication: Bak and Widdel 1986, 175).
D
esulfofustis
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

De.sul.fo.fus'tis. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; L. masc. n.
fustis
, club; M.L. masc. n.
Desulfofustis
, a club‐shaped sulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobulbia / Desulfobulbales / Desulfocapsaceae / Desulfofustis

Straight or slightly curved rods. Motile. Spore formation not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs and chemolithoheterotrophs, using glycolate, glyoxylate,
l
‐lactate,
l
‐malate, fumarate, succinate, yeast extract, or hydrogen (in the presence of CO
2
and acetate) as electron donors and carbon sources for anaerobic respiration. Organic substrates are non‐stoichiometrically oxidized incompletely to acetate and CO
2
(less acetate is formed); glycolate or glyoxylate completely oxidized to CO
2
. Sulfate, sulfite, and S
0
are electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Fermentative growth not tested. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 28°C. Neutrophilic. Media containing a reductant and vitamins are necessary for growth. The genus
Desulfofustis
contains one described species.
Desulfofustis
species occur in anoxic brackish and marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.2 (LC), 56.3 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfofustis glycolicus
Friedrich, Springer, Ludwig and Schink 1996, 1067
VP
.
F
angia
Authors: Asem Mipeshwaree Devi , Li Wen‐Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Fang'i.a. N.L. fem. n.
Fangia
named after Professor Xinfang Fang, founder of the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiotrichales / Fastidiosibacteraceae / Fangia

Gram‐negative, short rods to coccobacilli occurring singly or in pairs, and nonmotile. Cells divide by binary fission. Aerobic and chemoheterotrophic. Catalase‐positive, and oxidase‐positive or weakly positive. Chemotaxonomic features include ubiquinone‐8 as the respiratory isoprenologue, and anteiso‐C
17:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0 and
C
18:1
ω9
c
as the major component of the fatty acids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 38 (WGS).

Type species
:
Fangia hongkongensis
Lau, Ren, Fung, Woo, Yuen, Chan, et al. 2007, 2669
VP
.
Minor gait impairment despite white matter damage in pure small vessel disease
Authors: Finsterwalder Sofia , Wuehr Max , Gesierich Benno , Dietze Anna , Konieczny Marek J. , Schmidt Reinhold , Schniepp Roman , Duering Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveGait impairment is common in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, gait studies in elderly SVD patients might be confounded by age‐related comorbidities, such as polyneuropathy or sarcopenia. We therefore studied young patients with the genetically defined SVD CADASIL. Our aim was to examine the effects of pure SVD on single and dual task gait, and to investigate associations of gait performance with cognitive deficits and white matter alterations.MethodsWe investigated single task walking and calculatory, semantic, or motoric dual task costs in 39 CADASIL patients (mean age 50 ± 8) using a computerized walkway. We obtained 3.0T MRI and neuropsychological data on processing speed, the main cognitive deficit in CADASIL. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were standardized based on data from 192 healthy controls. Associations between white matter integrity, assessed by diffusion tensor imaging, and gait were analyzed using both a global marker and voxel‐wise analysis.ResultsCompared to controls, CADASIL patients showed only mild single task gait impairment, and only in the rhythm domain. The semantic dual task additionally uncovered mild deficits in the pace domain. Processing speed was not associated with gait. White matter alterations were related to single task stride length but not to dual task performance.InterpretationDespite severe disease burden, gait performance in patients with pure small vessel disease was relatively preserved in single and dual tasks. Results suggest that age‐related pathologies other than small vessel disease might play a role for gait impairment in elderly SVD patients.
Transition‐Metal‐Carbide (Mo2C) Multiperiod Gratings for Realization of High‐Sensitivity and Broad‐Spectrum Photodetection
Authors: Jeon Jaeho , Choi Haeju , Choi Seunghyuk , Park Jin‐Hong , Lee Byoung Hun , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel hybrid phototransistor consisting of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is proposed. By exploiting the interface properties of MoS2 and Mo2C, a highly sensitive and broad‐spectral response photodetector is fabricated. The underlying mechanism of the enhanced performance is the efficient hot carrier injection from Mo2C to MoS2. The strong coupling of MoS2 and Mo2C at the interface provides the significantly low Schottky barrier height (≈70 meV), which gives rise to the significantly efficient hot carrier transfer from Mo2C to MoS2. The grating of metallic Mo2C produces plasmonic resonance, which provides hot carriers to the MoS2 channel. By adjusting the grating period of Mo2C (400–1000 nm), the optimal photoresponse of light can be controlled, from visible to NIR. By integrating various Mo2C multigrating periods (400–1000 nm) with MoS2, a novel photodetector is demonstrated with high responsivity (R > 103 A W−1) and light‐to‐dark current ratio (>102) over a broad spectral range (405–1310 nm). The proposed novel hybrid photodetector, 2D semiconductors with multigrating 2D metallic stripes, exhibits high sensitivity and broad spectral detection of light and can overcome the inherent weakness of conventional 2D photodetectors, paving the way forward for next‐generation photoelectric devices.
Insights into Fullerene Passivation of SnO2 Electron Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Junke , Datta Kunal , Weijtens Christ H. L. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterfaces between the photoactive and charge transport layers are crucial for the performance of perovskite solar cells. Surface passivation of SnO2 as electron transport layer (ETL) by fullerene derivatives is known to improve the performance of n–i–p devices, yet organic passivation layers are susceptible to removal during perovskite deposition. Understanding the nature of the passivation is important for further optimization of SnO2 ETLs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling is a convenient tool to monitor the fullerene concentration in passivation layers at a SnO2 interface. Through a comparative study using [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid (PCBA) passivation layers, a direct correlation is established between the formation of interfacial chemical bonds and the retention of passivating fullerene molecules at the SnO2 interface that effectively reduces the number of defects and enhances electron mobility. Devices with only a PCBA‐monolayer‐passivated SnO2 ETL exhibit significantly improved performance and reproducibility, achieving an efficiency of 18.8%. Investigating thick and solvent‐resistant C60 and PCBM‐dimer layers demonstrates that the charge transport in the ETL is only improved by chemisorption of the fullerene at the SnO2 surface.
8.78% Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Polymer Acceptors Based on a B←N Embedded Electron‐Deficient Unit
Authors: Li Yongchun , Meng Huifeng , Liu Tao , Xiao Yiqun , Tang Zhonghai , Pang Bo , Li Yuqing , Xiang Ying , Zhang Guangye , Lu Xinhui , Yu Gui , Yan He , Zhan Chuanlang , Huang Jianhua , Yao Jiannian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the field of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), all efficient polymer acceptors that exhibit efficiencies beyond 8% are based on either imide or dicyanoethylene. To boost the development of this promising solar cell type, creating novel electron‐deficient units to build high‐performance polymer acceptors is critical. A novel electron‐deficient unit containing B←N bonds, namely, BNIDT, is synthesized. Systematic investigation of BNIDT reveals desirable properties including good coplanarity, favorable single‐crystal structure, narrowed bandgap and downshifted energy levels, and extended absorption profiles. By copolymerizing BNIDT with thiophene and 3,4‐difluorothiophene, two novel conjugated polymers named BN‐T and BN‐2fT are developed, respectively. It is shown that these polymers possess wide absorption spectra covering 350–800 nm, low‐lying energy levels, and ambipolar film‐transistor characteristics. Using PBDB‐T as the donor and BN‐2fT as the acceptor, all‐PSCs afford an encouraging efficiency of 8.78%, which is the highest for all‐PSCs excluding the devices based on imide and dicyanoethylene‐type acceptors. Considering that the structure of BNIDT is totally different from these classical units, this work opens up a new class of electron‐deficient unit for constructing efficient polymer acceptors that can realize efficiencies beyond 8% for the first time.
Boosting Zn‐Ion Energy Storage Capability of Hierarchically Porous Carbon by Promoting Chemical Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Haozhe , Liu Qiyu , Fang Yuanbin , Teng Chunlin , Liu Xiaoqing , Fang Pingping , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe construction of advanced Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) with high energy density is promising but still challenging, especially at high current densities. In this work, a high‐energy and ultrastable aqueous ZHSC is demonstrated by introducing N dopants into a hierarchically porous carbon cathode for the purpose of enhancing its chemical adsorption of Zn ions. Experimental results and theoretical simulations reveal that N doping not only significantly facilitates the chemical adsorption process of Zn ions, but also greatly increases its conductivity, surface wettability, and active sites. Consequently, the as‐fabricated aqueous ZHSC based on this N‐doped porous carbon cathode displays an exceptionally high energy density of 107.3 Wh kg−1 at a high current density of 4.2 A g−1, a superb power density of 24.9 kW kg−1, and an ultralong‐term lifespan (99.7% retention after 20 000 cycles), substantially superior to state‐of‐the‐art ZHSCs. Particularly, such a cathode also leads to a quasi‐solid‐state device with satisfactory energy storage performance, delivering a remarkable energy density of 91.8 Wh kg−1. The boosted energy storage strategy by tuning the chemical adsorption capability is also applicable to other carbon materials.
Selective Killing of Cancer Cells by Nonplanar Aromatic Hydrocarbon‐Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Zhou Yan , Gan Fuwei , Zhang Yuanliang , He Xiaozhen , Shen Chengshuo , Qiu Huibin , Liu Peifeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA large number of current chemotherapeutic agents prevent the growth of tumors by inhibiting DNA synthesis of cancer cells. It has been found recently that many planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derivatives, previously known as carcinogenic, display anticancer activity through DNA cross‐linking. However, the practical use of these PAHs is substantially limited by their low therapeutic efficiency and selectivity toward most tumors. Herein, the anticancer property of a nonplanar PAH named [4]helicenium, which exhibits highly selective cytotoxicity toward liver, lung cancer, and leukemia cells compared with normal cells, is reported. Moreover, [4]helicenium effectively inhibits tumor growth in liver cancer‐bearing mice and shows little side effects in normal mice. RNA sequencing and confirmatory results demonstrate that [4]helicenium induces more DNA damage in tumor cells than in normal cells, resulting in tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis increment. This study reveals an unexpected role and molecular mechanism for PAHs in selectively killing tumor cells and provides an effective strategy for precision cancer therapies.
Biaxial Strain‐Mediated Room Temperature Ferromagnetism of ReS2 Web Buckles
Authors: Ren Hongtao , Xiang Gang , Lu Jiating , Zhang Xi , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBuckling‐driven delamination of thin films on rigid substrates is frequently observed, which leads to deterioration or failure of the film‐based devices. However, it is observed for the first‐time that web buckles could enhance room‐temperature ferromagnetism in PAD‐grown ReS2 thin films. Here, room‐temperature ferromagnetic ReS2 thin films with web buckles are prepared by polymer‐assisted deposition (PAD) for the first time. The morphology and crystalline structure of the samples are characterized using optical, electron, atomic force microscopes and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry. The relationship between the web buckle–induced strain and ferromagnetic properties is further explored by combing calculations based on density functional theory and experimental techniques including Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. The results reveal that the biaxial strain has a robust tuning effect on the room‐temperature ferromagnetism of ReS2 samples, suggesting that strain engineering could have significant applications in low‐dimensional spintronic devices.
The animal cachexia score (ACASCO)
Authors: Betancourt Angelica , Busquets Sílvia , Ponce Marta , Toledo Míriam , Guàrdia‐Olmos Joan , Peró‐Cebollero Maribel , López‐Soriano Francisco J. , Argilés Josep M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundNone of the published studies involving cancer cachexia experimental models have included a measure of the severity of the syndrome like the scoring system previously developed for human subjects. The aim of the present investigation was to define and validate a cachexia score usable in both rat and mouse tumor models.MethodsIn order to achieve this goal, we included in the study one rat model (Yoshida AH‐130ascites hepatoma) and two mouse models (Lewis lung carcinoma and Colon26 carcinoma). The Animal cachexia score (ACASCO) includes five components: (a) body and muscle weight loss, (b) inflammation and metabolic disturbances, (c) physical performance, (d) anorexia, and (e) quality of life measured using discomfort symptoms and behavioral tests.ResultsUsing the ACASCO values, three cut‐off values were estimated by applying hierarchical cluster analysis. Four groups were originally described, one exactly below the observed mean, a second exactly over the mean, and two other groups adjusted to every cue (inferior and superior). The three cut‐off values were estimated through maximization of the classification function. This was accomplished by using a similarity matrix based on the metric properties of the variables and assuming multinormal distribution. The results show that the four groups were: no cachexia, mild cachexia, moderate cachexia and advanced cachexia.ConclusionsThe results obtained allow us to conclude that the score could be very useful as an endpoint in pre‐clinical studies involving therapeutic strategies for cancer cachexia. The potential usefulness of ACASCO relates to the primary endpoint in pre‐clinical cancer cachexia drug evaluations.
A Sodiophilic Interphase‐Mediated, Dendrite‐Free Anode with Ultrahigh Specific Capacity for Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Ye Lei , Liao Meng , Zhao Tiancheng , Sun Hao , Zhao Yang , Sun Xuemei , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite efforts to stabilize sodium metal anodes and prevent dendrite formation, achieving long cycle life with high areal capacities remains difficult owing to a combination of complex failure modes that involve retardant uneven sodium nucleation and subsequent dendrite formation. Now, a sodiophilic interphase based on oxygen‐functionalized carbon nanotube networks is presented, which concurrently facilitates a homogeneous sodium nucleation and a dendrite‐free, lateral growth behavior upon recurring sodium plating/stripping processes. This sodiophilic interphase renders sodium anodes with an ultrahigh capacity of 1078 mAh g−1 (areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2), approaching the theoretical capacity of 1166 mAh g−1 of pure sodium, as well as a long cycle life up to 3000 cycles. Implementation of this anode allows for the construction of a sodium–air battery with largely enhanced cycling performance owing to the oxygen functionalization‐mediated, dendrite‐free sodium morphology.
Falcaria vulgaris leaf aqueous extract mediated synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their therapeutic potentials under in vitro and in vivo condition
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Zangeneh Akram , Pirabbasi Elham , Moradi Rohallah , Almasi Maryam 
Published: September 2019

In recent years, researchers have used bionanotechnology techniques as cost‐effective and eco‐friendly routes to fabricate nanoparticles. The present study confirms the ability of aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris for the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs@F. vulgaris). Also, in this study, we showed the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of these nanoparticles. FeNPs@F. vulgaris were characterized by UV, FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, and TEM analysis. According to the XRD analysis, 25.3 nm was measured for the crystal size of nanoparticles. FE‐SEM and TEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 25 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. FTIR results offered protein and polysaccharides in F. vulgaris were the sources of reducing power, reducing iron ions to FeNPs@F. vulgaris. In vivo design, FeNPs@F. vulgaris ointment remarkably reduced (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte and substantially increased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared to other groups in rats. Also, FeNPs@F. vulgaris indicated potential antioxidant activity against DPPH, antifungal potentials against Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida guilliermondii, antibacterial properties against Gram‐positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) without any cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Finally, the results showed the useful antioxidant, non‐cytotoxic, cutaneous wound healing, antifungal, and antibacterial effects of FeNPs@F. vulgaris.