bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of FDA-Approved Oncology Drugs with Selective Potency in High-Risk Childhood Ependymoma
Authors: Donson Andrew M. , Amani Vladimir , Warner Elliot A. , Griesinger Andrea M. , Witt Davis A. , Levy Jean M. Mulcahy , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Hankinson Todd C. , Handler Michael H. , Vibhakar Rajeev , Dorris Kathleen , Foreman Nicholas K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Children with ependymoma (EPN) are cured in less than 50% of cases, with little improvement in outcome over the last several decades. Chemotherapy has not affected survival in EPN, due in part to a lack of preclinical models that has precluded comprehensive drug testing. We recently developed two human EPN cell lines harboring high-risk phenotypes which provided us with an opportunity to execute translational studies. EPN and other pediatric brain tumor cell lines were subject to a large-scale comparative drug screen of FDA-approved oncology drugs for rapid clinical application. The results of this in vitro study were combined with in silico prediction of drug sensitivity to identify EPN-selective compounds, which were validated by dose curve and time course modeling. Mechanisms of EPN-selective antitumor effect were further investigated using transcriptome and proteome analyses. We identified three classes of oncology drugs that showed EPN-selective antitumor effect, namely, (i) fluorinated pyrimidines (5-fluorouracil, carmofur, and floxuridine), (ii) retinoids (bexarotene, tretinoin and isotretinoin), and (iii) a subset of small-molecule multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (axitinib, imatinib, and pazopanib). Axitinib's antitumor mechanism in EPN cell lines involved inhibition of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ and was associated with reduced mitosis-related gene expression and cellular senescence. The clinically available, EPN-selective oncology drugs identified by our study have the potential to critically inform design of upcoming clinical studies in EPN, in particular for those children with recurrent EPN who are in the greatest need of novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 1984–94. ©2018 AACR.
Individualized Left Anterior Oblique Projection
Authors: Squara Fabien , Scarlatti Didier , Riccini Philippe , Garret Gauthier , Moceri Pamela , Ferrari Emile 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Classical fluoroscopic criteria for the documentation of septal right ventricular (RV) lead positioning have poor accuracy. We sought to evaluate the individualized left anterior oblique (LAO) projection as a novel fluoroscopy criterion.

Methods:
Consecutive patients undergoing pacemaker or defibrillator implantation were prospectively included. RV lead positioning was assessed by fluoroscopy using posteroanterior, right anterior oblique 30° to rule out coronary sinus positioning, and LAO 40° in the classical group or individualized LAO in the individualized group. Individualized LAO was defined by the degree of LAO that allowed the perfect superposition of the RV apex (using the tip of the RV lead temporarily placed at the apex) and of the superior vena cava-inferior vena cava axis (materialized by a guidewire), hence providing a true profile view of the interventricular septum. Accuracy of fluoroscopy for RV lead positioning was then assessed by comparison with true RV lead positioning using transthoracic echocardiography.

Results:

We included 100 patients, 50 in each study group. Agreement between RV lead septal/free wall positioning in transthoracic echocardiography and fluoroscopy was excellent in the individualized group (k=0.91), whereas it was poor in the classical group (k=0.35). Septal/free wall RV lead positioning was correctly identified in 48/50 (96%) patients in the individualized group versus 38/50 (76%) in the classical group (
P
=0.004). For septal lead positioning, fluoroscopy had 100% Se and 89.5% Sp in the individualized group versus 91.4% Se and 40% Sp in the classical group. Complications and procedural data were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion:
Individualized LAO is a quick and highly reliable patient-tailored fluoroscopy projection for RV lead positioning.
Stroke 112
Authors: Zhao Jing , Eckenhoff Maryellen F. , Sun Wei-Zen , Liu Renyu 
Published: June 2018

Background and Purpose—
To improve stroke awareness and reduce life-threatening prehospital delays worldwide, a universal stroke educational program is needed. To meet this unmet need, we developed a universal program without language barriers and tested its acceptance in Taiwan, where Chinese is the native language.

Methods—

Stroke 112 was developed using the universal emergency phone number, 112. The numbers imply an emergency and correspond to the 3 stroke recognition signs used in FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, and Time): 1 uneven face (crooked mouth); 1 weak arm (arm weakness); 2 incoherent lips (slurred speech). An online survey was used to determine the acceptance of the Stroke 112 program compared with that of FAST in Chinese. The surveys were delivered using SurveyMonkey (
http://www.surveymonkey.com
) on 2 separate occasions in Taiwan; in August 2017 for an initial estimation of the acceptance of Stroke 112 and in March 2018, 2 weeks after the official release of Stroke 112 in Taiwan, including a special introductory lecture for neurologists hosted by the STARS-Taiwan (Stroke Treatment and Research Society-Taiwan).

Results—

The initial survey with 465 survey responders, 54.6% thought that Stroke 112 was easier to remember for people in Taiwan compared with FAST (41.2%). After Stroke 112’s official release in Taiwan, 610 individuals completed the survey, and the majority (66.4%) thought that Stroke 112 was easier to remember, a significant increase compared with the initial survey (
P
=0.0001). Among the 130 neurologists who attended the Stroke 112 introductory lecture, 55 completed the online survey. A greater acceptance of Stroke 112 (74.6%) compared with FAST (16.4%) was observed among these 55 neurologists (
P
=0.0001).

Conclusions—
Stroke 112, a universal stroke educational program without language barriers was developed. It could potentially be implemented worldwide, especially where 112 is used as an emergency phone number.
The Politics of Sūqs in Early Islam
Authors: Bessard Fanny 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the early Middle Ages, while Byzantium was impoverished and Anatolian cities were evolving into fortifiedkastra, the Islamic Near East enjoyed an age of economic and demographic growth. Exploring the formation ofsūqs and the rise of the Umayyad and early ‘Abbāsid states, this article argues that the Arab-Islamic aristocracy’s involvement in establishingsūqs reflected a desire to exert power and build legitimacy. Despite their physical resemblance to Late Roman and Sasanian bazaars, early Islamicsūqs functioned differently, and their specificity exemplifies an evolution of labour patterns from 700 to 950, in particular the social rise and increasing religious involvement of merchants. This article places the archaeological evidence in dialogue with the literary. Although the Islamic material is central, comparisons in the paths of trade and economic life between the Middle East and Western Europe provide ways to identify the divergences between East and West after the fall of Rome.
From ‘Tourkopolis’ to ‘Metropolis’: Transforming Urban Boundaries in Late Nineteenth-Century Iraklio (Candia), Crete
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Aris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article examines the case of Iraklio, Crete, on its passage from the Ottoman regime to the Autonomous Cretan Polity in 1898, to interrogate current categories of ethnic boundaries used in historical and social research. It proposes an ‘archaeological’ method of investigating such boundaries in space. It conceives of the city as a field of interaction between the predominant religious groups of Muslim and Christian, and the way these groups have been represented in historical research and public memory. It also shows how understandings of ethnic boundaries were fashioned by colonial, especially British, sanitary and civic planning projects. Finally, it demonstrates how subaltern Muslim spaces, gendered places and ‘dangerous’ neighbourhoods were transformed into paradigmatic cases for understanding spatial segregation in cultural terms.
Tanti non emo, Sexte, Piper: Pepper Prices, Roman Consumer Culture, and the Bulk of Indo-Roman Trade
Authors: Mayer Ernst Emanuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn contrast to other Indian exports, black pepper was widely available throughout the Roman World, and affordable for ordinary working people. The relatively low price of black pepper indicates that Indo-Roman trade goods was not just pitched at the very wealthy, but benefited a much broader segment of the population. This throws new light on the scale and cultural impact of Indo-Roman trade, which appears to have exploited Rome’s burgeoning non-elite “consumer culture” in the early imperial period. The scale and cultural impact of Indo-Roman pepper and other trade is evidenced by a wide variety of Western sources and ancient Indian texts.
Characterisation of the dimorphic Deladenus beddingi n. sp. and its associated woodwasp and fungus
Authors: Morris E. Erin , Stock S. Patricia , Castrillo Louela A. , Williams David W. , Hajek Ann E. 
Published: June 2018

Summary
A new dimorphic species of Deladenus isolated from Sirex californicus from Washington, USA, is described as D. beddingi n. sp. Evolutionary relationships of the new species with other Deladenus species were assessed using multilocus sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships derived from analyses of mtCO1 and ITS showed D. beddingi n. sp. to be genetically distinct from other North American Deladenus parasitising Sirex. Molecular analyses indicated that D. beddingi n. sp. is a member of the D. siricidicola species complex, which also includes undescribed native Deladenus from Sirex cyaneus and S. nitidus, and D. siricidicola from S. noctilio. Mycophagous adults were characterised by the position of the excretory pore, which was located 32 (22-52) and 48 (38-69) μm anterior to the hemizonid in mycophagous females and males, respectively. Typologically, the new species is most similar to D. siricidicola, D. proximus and D. nitobei, but can be distinguished from these species by several morphometric traits, including the value of ratios a, b, c of the mycophagous females and males, ratio b of the infective females, and the morphology of the tail of the mycophagous females, which is narrow and gradually tapering. This novel nematode species feeds on the fungus Amylostereum chailletii during its mycophagous phase. Experimental results showed very little reproduction by D. beddingi n. sp. when feeding on A. areolatum compared to robust reproduction when feeding on A. chailletii.
Family Socialization, Trust and Change: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Bahry Donna , Kozyreva Polina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Social science debates about sources of generalized trust have prompted growing attention to how children develop faith in others. Much of the evidence, however, has come from relatively stable and prosperous societies. How might children’s trust differ in societies that have experienced rapid and destabilizing transitions, as in postcommunist states? Using new evidence on Russia from three waves of a survey between 2006 and 2014, the authors show that children’s trust is relatively low, reflecting low trust among parents, children’s sense of economic insecurity, and their doubts about the fairness of key institutions. But rising cohorts since the early 2000s display more trust than their parents and than their earlier counterparts. Thus old patterns of distrust do not necessarily persist intact.
A Comparative Analysis of the Levels of Collective Trust among the Banking Staff in Poland and Russia
Authors: Davydenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Kaźmierczyk Jerzy , Romashkina Gulnara Fatykhovna , Andrianova Elena Vladimirovna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article aims to analyze the levels of collective trust in banks in Poland and Russia. These are post-socialist countries and emerging markets and yet there are large discrepancies in the mentality of the respective labour markets. The hypothesis is that collective trust in banks in Russia is lower than in Poland. This has to do with the high level of declarative trust proclaimed by the Russian employees. Moreover, trust is inversely proportional to the level of education. 1,920 bank employees were surveyed in Poland and 359 in Russia. Then the overall indexes of trust in banks and sub-indexes (loyalty; care; openness; dyadic trust; honesty/fairness; common values; appreciation; job security) were calculated.
Sizing Up the “Small Wars” of African Empire
Authors: FitzSimons William 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This short essay makes the case that the theories and practices employed by European armies during the “small wars” of nineteenth-century imperialism were military innovations produced within the distinctly modern and global context of colonial conquest. Colonial military experiences spurred new tactics and strategies which were captured in treatises written by British and French military theorists at the same time that they transformed the nature of warfare in colonized spaces—often with devastating effects. Military approaches developed in response to these “small wars” have important legacies, both in shaping the contours of military operations within postcolonial Africa and contributing to worldwide “counterinsurgency” theories of the twenty-first century. Understanding the specific historical context in which colonial violence was produced can contribute to a fuller understanding of the meaning, impact and multiple legacies of imperial warfare.
Nonpropagating Form Drag and Turbulence due to Stratified Flow over Large-Scale Abyssal Hill Topography
Authors: Klymak Jody M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDrag and turbulence in steady stratified flows over “abyssal hills” have been parameterized using linear theory and rates of energy cascade due to wave–wave interactions. Linear theory has no drag or energy loss due to large-scale bathymetry because waves with intrinsic frequency less than the Coriolis frequency are evanescent. Numerical work has tested the theory by high passing the topography and estimating the radiation and turbulence. Adding larger-scale bathymetry that would generate evanescent internal waves generates nonlinear and turbulent flow, driving a dissipation approximately twice that of the radiating waves for the topographic spectrum chosen. This drag is linear in the forcing velocity, in contrast to atmospheric parameterizations that have quadratic drag. Simulations containing both small- and large-scale bathymetry have more dissipation than just adding the large- and small-scale dissipations together, so the scales couple. The large-scale turbulence is localized, generally in the lee of large obstacles. Medium-scale regional models partially resolve the “nonpropagating” wavenumbers, leading to the question of whether they need the large-scale energy loss to be parameterized. Varying the resolution of the simulations indicates that if the ratio of gridcell height to width is less than the root-mean-square topographic slope, then the dissipation is overestimated in coarse models (by up to 25%); conversely, it can be underestimated by up to a factor of 2 if the ratio is greater. Most regional simulations are likely in the second regime and should have extra drag added to represent the large-scale bathymetry, and the deficit is at least as large as that parameterized for abyssal hills.
A UAV–RTK Lidar System for Wave and Tide Measurements in Coastal Zones
Authors: Huang Zhi-Cheng , Yeh Cheng-Yang , Tseng Kuo-Hsin , Hsu Wen-Yang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA lightweight and low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for coastal wave and tide measurements is developed. This system is based on an assembly of a multirotor UAV, a robotic lidar, an altitude and heading reference system (AHRS), and a real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). A great advantage of the system is that it can be operated at low altitude in a few meters; the accuracy and spatial resolution can therefore be increased. When the system was moved up and down in 2–12 m, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was approximately 5 cm compared to the ground truth value measured by a manual RTK GNSS. The system was operated in a hover mode to measure the tide and waves in the field. The results of using the UAV–RTK lidar system were consistent with those of in situ measurements using a pressure sensor. The root-mean-square errors between the two techniques for measurements of tidal elevation, significant wave height, and wave period were 4.9 cm, 4.8 cm, and 0.028 s, respectively. This finding suggests the system could be applied to measure instantaneous sea surface displacement. The system provides the potential for using a low-cost, extremely portable, and efficient tool for monitoring wave properties, topographic changes, and water-level gradients in coastal zones.
Exit, Voice, and Hostility in Cuba
Authors: Colomer Josep M. 
Published: June 2018

Albert Hirschman's categories of ‘exit,’ Voice,’ and ‘loyalty,’ which were previously applied to the analysis of emigration and protests in East Germany, are discussed and applied to the case of Cuba. Incentives for different types of action which may be derived from policy decisions regarding migration, as well as information and repression, are placed in the context of the strategic interaction between the United States and Cuban governments. A game-theoretic model of the typical Cold War conflict between the two former German regimes is compared with the US-Cuba interaction regarding migration policy. In spite of some coincidence between the two governments to prefer ‘exit,’ successive waves of emigration of people from Castro's Cuba to the United States in the period 1959–1995 have induced an increasing degree of cooperation between the two governments over time to close off borders. “Latin American powerholders have long encouraged their potential enemies and potential critics to remove themselves from the scene through voluntary exile.” Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, 1970:60.
Alien Commuters in United States Labor Markets
Authors: Jones Lamar B. 
Published: June 2018

En réponse à l'interêt du public et des specialistes, pour les problèmes des émigrants, le Gouvernaient des Etas Unis a fait approuver une loi en 1965 pour reformer la politique d'immigration du pays. Dans ce numéro le Sénateur Edward M. Kennedy et Peter Rodino, membre de la Chambre des Représentants, parlent du point de vue actuel du Congrès Americain vis à vis de l'immigration. De leurs commentaires il semble clair que la préoccupation du Gouvernment Fédéral se centre sur les problèmes de la durée des années de résidence aux Etas Unis, après laquelle un émigrant ne peut pas être renvoyer; Sur la nécéssité de fixer un nombre global d'immigrants, sans distinction de continent; sur la priorité à donner soit aux émigrants qui viennent pour rejoindre leurs familles, soit aux ouvriers spécialisés et aux techniciens, soit aux refugiés politiques; et sur les autres questions similaires. La loi du 1965 n'a pas changé la précédente résponsabilité des bureaux fédéraux d'immigration, comme le montrent les articles de M. Raymond Farrel, Commissaire du Service d'immigration et Naturalisation, de M. Arnold R. Weber, sous-sécrétaire au Travail, et de Barbara Watson, qui dirige le bureau de l'Assurance et des Affaires Consulaires du Département de l'Etat. Bien que la loi du 1965 ait amélioré la legislation précédente, elle a cependant laisser irrésolu certains problèmes, qui concernent soit les pays d'émigration, soit les Etas Units. Ces problèmes sont, par exemple, le commerce des cerveaux, la qualification du travail, et les frontaliers. Les problèmes sont discutés dans les articles de Ruth Murphy, Vice-President Exécutif de la Conférence Américaine pour l'Immigration et la Naturalisation, qui représente les agences volontaires travaillant dans le Département des immigrants et par Lamar B. Tones, profésseur d'Economie à l'Université de la Louisienne qui, dans sa réflexion, envisage à la fois les interêts pratiques et la recherche académique.
Canada's Guestworkers: Some Comparisons of Temporary Workers in Europe and North America
Authors: Wong Lloyd T. 
Published: June 2018

Historically, as the new world opened up, many of the 60 to 70 million migrants who arrived in the Americas between 1800 and 1930 intended to make a permanent settlement and break with their homelands, while others intended to eventually re-migrate home. Contemporary migration increasingly includes the flow of temporary workers along with the flow of permanent settlers. Böhning (1979), as noted in Martin and Richards (1980:9), cites a current situation of increased migration pressure in the world at a time when most countries are moving to restrict immigration. Furthermore, Miller (1981:xv) notes: The world today is awash with international migrants; legally admitted foreign workers, illegal aliens, political refugees, and, proportionally fewer, fewer than heretofore, permanent immigrants…international migration increasingly encompasses either legally admitted foreign workers who are expected and sometimes constrained to repatriate after sojourns abroad or illegal aliens who enter a country outside the ambit of immigration law.
Media, Migrants and Marginalization: The Situation in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Oepen Manfred 
Published: June 2018

Imagine a city somewhere; a fairly large city of 130,000 inhabitants, where the citizens have an unusually imbalanced communication, infrastructure. Although 90 percent of the population own a radio, they receive only one hour and thirty minutes of broadcasting a day. Although 90 percent own a TV set they receive only forty-five minutes of TV programs every second week. Movies are shown irregularly, maybe once a week. Five dailies and a dozen magazines in the local language are available but, since they are imported from abroad their content is irrelevant to the people. A dozen libraries hold fewer than 31,000 books. Cultural events like theater or dance and song performances are scarce, with no more than two or three per month. One would expect this city to be someplace in the Third World. Yet, it is the fourth largest Turkish city. However, it is not located in Turkey, but may be found in the very center of Europe—Berlin.
Venezuela: Illegal Immigration from Colombia
Authors: Pellegrino Adela 
Published: June 2018

This study examines the insertion of illegal Colombian immigrants in Venezuela. The geographic distribution of Colombians shows the majority of them to be located in frontier states. This is quite logical considering geographic and cultural proximity. At the time of the 1950 census, 77.5 out of every 100 Colombians living in Venezuela, were in the states of Tachira and Zulia; by the 1971 census, the percentage had decreased to 60 percent.