bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital Degeneracy Loci II: Gorenstein Orbits
Authors: Benedetti Vladimiro , Filippini Sara Angela , Manivel Laurent , Tanturri Fabio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn [3] we introduced orbital degeneracy loci as generalizations of degeneracy loci of morphisms between vector bundles. Orbital degeneracy loci can be constructed from any stable subvariety of a representation of an algebraic group. In this paper we show that their canonical bundles can be conveniently controlled in the case where the affine coordinate ring of the subvariety is Gorenstein. We then study in a systematic way the subvarieties obtained as orbit closures in representations with finitely many orbits, and we determine the canonical bundles of the corresponding orbital degeneracy loci in the Gorenstein cases. Applications are given to the construction of low-dimensional varieties with negative or trivial canonical bundle.
Twenty-five years of national health IT: exploring strategy, structure, and systems in the English NHS
Authors: Price Colin , Green William , Suhomlinova Olga 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere is global interest in implementing national information systems to support healthcare, and the National Health Service in England (NHS) has a troubled 25-year history in this sphere. Our objective was to chronicle structural reorganizations within the NHS from 1973 to 2017, alongside concurrent national information technology (IT) strategies, as the basis for developing a conceptual model to aid understanding of the organizational factors involved.Materials and MethodsWe undertook an exploratory, retrospective longitudinal case study by reviewing strategic plans, legislation, and health policy documents, and constructed schemata for evolving structure and strategy. Literature on multi-organizational forms, complexity, national-level health IT implementations, and mega-projects was reviewed to identify factors that mapped to the schemata. Guided by strong structuration theory, these factors were superimposed on a simplified structural schema to create the conceptual model.ResultsAgainst a background of frequent NHS reorganizations, there has been a logical and emergent NHS IT strategy focusing progressively on technical and data standards, connectivity, applications, and consolidation. The NHS has a complex and hierarchical multi-organization form in which restructuring may impact a range of intra- and inter-organizational factors.DiscussionNHS-wide IT programs have generally failed to meet expectations, though evaluations have usually overlooked longer-term progress. Realizing a long-term health IT strategy may be impeded by volatility of the implementation environment as organizational structures and relationships change. Key factors influencing the strategy–structure dyad can be superimposed on the tiered NHS structure to facilitate analysis of their impact.ConclusionAlignment between incremental health IT strategy and dynamic structure is an under-researched area. Lessons from organizational studies and the management of mega-projects may help in understanding some of the ongoing challenges.
Multi-perspective predictive modeling for acute kidney injury in general hospital populations using electronic medical records
Authors: He Jianqin , Hu Yong , Zhang Xiangzhou , Wu Lijuan , Waitman Lemuel R , Liu Mei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesAcute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients puts them at much higher risk for developing future health problems such as chronic kidney disease, stroke, and heart disease. Accurate AKI prediction would allow timely prevention and intervention. However, current AKI prediction researches pay less attention to model building strategies that meet complex clinical application scenario. This study aims to build and evaluate AKI prediction models from multiple perspectives that reflect different clinical applications.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort of 76 957 encounters and relevant clinical variables were extracted from a tertiary care, academic hospital electronic medical record (EMR) system between November 2007 and December 2016. Five machine learning methods were used to build prediction models. Prediction tasks from 4 clinical perspectives with different modeling and evaluation strategies were designed to build and evaluate the models.ResultsExperimental analysis of the AKI prediction models built from 4 different clinical perspectives suggest a realistic prediction performance in cross-validated area under the curve ranging from 0.720 to 0.764.DiscussionResults show that models built at admission is effective for predicting AKI events in the next day; models built using data with a fixed lead time to AKI onset is still effective in the dynamic clinical application scenario in which each patient’s lead time to AKI onset is different.ConclusionTo our best knowledge, this is the first systematic study to explore multiple clinical perspectives in building predictive models for AKI in the general inpatient population to reflect real performance in clinical application.
Developing a Career in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Authors: Snowden Jessica , James Scott H 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article presents an overview of the Career Development session at the 17th Annual St. Jude/PIDS Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Conference. This annual conference discusses key academic skills, such as grant writing and negotiating for protected time for research and academic endeavors, as well as highlighting the many career options available in infectious disease. This year’s session included discussions about basic science, public health, health outcomes research, and private practice pediatric infectious disease careers. The combination of practical career advice, mentoring, and inspiration offered in the career-development track talks at the St. Jude/PIDS Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Conference this and every year helps trainees to faculty navigate the path to building a satisfying career in pediatric infectious disease.
Reporting and Categorization of Blood Culture Contaminants in Infants and Young Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chappell-Campbell Laura , Schwenk Hayden T , Capdarest-Arest Nicole , Schroeder Alan R 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBlood cultures are obtained routinely for infants and young children for the evaluation for serious bacterial infection. Isolation of organisms that represent possible contaminants poses a management challenge. The prevalence of bacteremia reported in this population is potentially biased by inconsistent contaminant categorization reported in the literature. Our aim was to systematically review the definition and reporting of contaminants within the literature regarding infant bacteremia.MethodsA search of studies published between 1986 and mid-September 2016 was conducted using Medline/PubMed. Included studies examined children aged 0 to 36 months for whom blood culture was performed as part of a serious bacterial infection evaluation. Studies that involved children in an intensive care unit, prematurely born children, and immunocompromised children or those with an indwelling catheter/device were excluded. Data extracted included contaminant designation methodology, organisms classified as contaminants and pathogens, and contamination and bacteremia rates.DiscussionOur search yielded 1335 articles, and 69 of them met our inclusion criteria. The methodology used to define contaminants was described in 37 (54%) study reports, and 16 (23%) reported contamination rates, which ranged from 0.5% to 22.8%. Studies defined contaminants according to organism species (n = 22), according to the patient’s clinical management (n = 4), and using multifactorial approaches (n = 11). Many common organisms, particularly Gram-positive cocci, were inconsistently categorized as pathogens or contaminants.ConclusionsReporting and categorization of blood culture contamination are inconsistent within the pediatric bacteremia literature, which limits our ability to estimate the prevalence of bacteremia. Although contaminants are characterized most frequently according to organism, we found inconsistency regarding the classification of certain common organisms. A standardized approach to contaminant reporting is needed.
Evaluation of Discharge Antibiotic Prescribing at a Freestanding Children’s Hospital: Opportunities for Stewardship
Authors: Olson Jared , Thorell Emily A , Hersh Adam L 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate suboptimal discharge antibiotic prescribing at a children’s hospital and found that 27% of the prescriptions were suboptimal. Thirty-three percent of the patients who might have qualified for solid dosage forms received liquid dosages instead. Our findings suggest that opportunities exist for discharge antibiotic-stewardship and pill-swallowing programs.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein is important for virulence in a murine model
Authors: Marcos Caroline Maria , de Oliveira Haroldo Cesar , Assato Patricia Akemi , de Andrade Cleverton Roberto , Fusco-Almeida Ana Marisa , Mendes-Giannini Maria José Soares 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain downregulated the expression of adhesin Pb14-3-3 (Pb14-3-3 aRNA) was evaluated in a murine model of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Pb14-3-3 aRNA displays attenuated virulence and triggered the formation of fewer granulomas by lowering the fungal burden in the lungs. Additionally, the Pb14-3-3 aRNA showed more elongated yeast cells and less ability to induce pneumocytes apoptosis in vitro. Our results show that 14-3-3 is an important virulence factor in P. brasiliensis-induced pulmonary infection.
Dynamics of wind and the dusty environments in the accreting T Tauri stars RY Tauri and SU Aurigae
Authors: Petrov P P , Grankin K N , Gameiro J F , Artemenko S A , Babina E V , de Albuquerque R M G , Djupvik A A , Gahm G F , Shenavrin V I , Irsmambetova T R , Fernandez M , Mkrtichian D E , Gorda S Yu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Classical T Tauri stars with ages of less than 10 Myr possess accretion discs. Magnetohydrodynamic processes at the boundary between the disc and the stellar magnetosphere control the accretion and ejections gas flows. We carried out a long series of simultaneous spectroscopic and photometric observations of the classical T Tauri stars, RY Tauri and SU Aurigae, with the aim to quantify the accretion and outflow dynamics at time-scales from days to years. It is shown that dust in the disc wind is the main source of photometric variability of these stars. In RY Tau, we observed a new effect: during events of enhanced outflow, the circumstellar extinction becomes lower. The characteristic time of changes in outflow velocity and stellar brightness indicates that the obscuring dust is near the star. The outflow activity in both stars is changing on a time-scale of years. Periods of quiescence in the variability of the Hα profile were observed during the 2015–2016 period in RY Tau and during the 2016–2017 period in SU Aur. We interpret these findings in the framework of the magnetospheric accretion model, and we discuss how the global stellar magnetic field can influence the long-term variations of the outflow activity.
Risks and benefits of consuming edible seaweeds
Authors: Cherry Paul , O’Hara Cathal , Magee Pamela J , McSorley Emeir M , Allsopp Philip J 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent interest in seaweeds as a source of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive components has highlighted prospective applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industries, with impetus toward the alleviation of risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This narrative review summarizes the nutritional composition of edible seaweeds; evaluates the evidence regarding the health benefits of whole seaweeds, extracted bioactive components, and seaweed-based food products in humans; and assesses the potential adverse effects of edible seaweeds, including those related to ingestion of excess iodine and arsenic. If the potential functional food and nutraceutical applications of seaweeds are to be realized, more evidence from human intervention studies is needed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of seaweeds and the efficacy of their purported bioactive components. Mechanistic evidence, in particular, is imperative to substantiate health claims.
Universal detection of high-temperature emission in X-ray isolated neutron stars
Authors: Yoneyama Tomokage , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Nakajima Hiroshi , Matsumoto Hironori 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Strongly magnetized isolated neutron stars (NSs) are categorized into two families, according mainly to their magnetic field strength. Those with a higher magnetic field of 1014–1015 G are called magnetars, characterized by repeated short bursts, and the others are X-ray isolated neutron stars (XINSs) with 1013 G. Both magnetars and XINSs show thermal emission in X-rays, but it has been considered that the thermal spectrum of magnetars can be reproduced with a two-temperature blackbody (2BB), while that of XINSs shows only a single-temperature blackbody (1BB) and the temperature is lower than that of magnetars. On the basis of the magnetic field and temperature, it is often speculated that XINSs may be old and cooled magnetars. Here we report that all seven known XINSs show a high-energy component in addition to the 1BB model. Analyzing all the XMM-Newton data for the XINSs with the highest statistics ever achieved, we find that their X-ray spectra are all reproduced with a 2BB model, similar to magnetars. Their emission radii and temperature ratios are also similar to those of magnetars except for two XINSs, which show significantly smaller radii than the others. The remarkable similarity in the X-ray spectra between XINSs and magnetars suggests that the origins of their emissions are the same. The lower temperature in XINSs can be explained if XINSs are older than magnetars. Therefore, these results are an observational indication that supports the standard hypothesis on the classification of highly magnetized NSs.
ASPRE Trial: Incidence of Preterm Preeclampsia in Patients Fulfilling ACOG and NICE Criteria According to Risk by FMF Algorithm
Authors: Poon L. C. , Rolnik D. L. , Tan M. Y. , Delgado J. L. , Tsokaki T. , Akolekar R. , Singh M. , Andrade W. , Edeturk T. , Jani J. C. , Plasencia W. , Papaioannou G. , Blazquez A. R. , Carbone I. F. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2018

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018;51:738–742)
The current approach to screening for preeclampsia (PE) is to identify risk factors from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history (maternal factors). According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), in the United Kingdom, women are considered to be at high risk of developing PE if they have any one high-risk factor (hypertensive disease in previous pregnancy, chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus, or autoimmune disease) or any 2 moderate-risk factors (nulliparity, age ≥40 years, body mass index [BMI] ≥35 kg/m2, family history of PE, or interpregnancy interval >10 years).
Metformin Exposure in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk of All or Specific Congenital Anomalies: Exploratory Case-Control Study
Authors: Given Joanne E. , Loane Maria , Garne Ester , Addor Marie-Claude , Bakker Marian , Bertaut-Nativel Bénédicte , Gatt Miriam , Klungsoyr Kari , Lelong Nathalie , Morgan Margery , Neville Amanda J. , Pierini Anna , Rissmann Anke , Dolk Helen 
Published: November 2018

(Abstracted from BMJ 2018;361:k2477)
Metformin affects stem cell function and has been shown to cross the human placenta at term, exposing the fetus to concentrations approaching those in the maternal circulation. Limited evidence from 3 meta-analyses and a cohort study suggests that the rate of all major congenital anomalies combined is not significantly increased after exposure to metformin.
Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inactivation by Using URB602 Mitigates Myocardial Damage in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hai Kerong , Chen Guo , Gou Xueyan , Jang Haixia , Gong Deying , Cheng Yan , Gong Chansheng , Li Xinghuan , Liu Yuqi , Li Huan , Zhang Gang , Yang Linghui , Ke Bowen , Liu Jin 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Monoacylglycerol lipase participates in organ protection by regulating the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. This study investigated whether blocking monoacylglycerol lipase protects against postresuscitation myocardial injury and improves survival in a rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Design:
Prospective randomized laboratory study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Subjects:
Male Sprague-Dawley rat (n = 96).

Interventions:
Rats underwent 8-minute asphyxia-based cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Surviving rats were randomly divided into cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 group, cardiopulmonary resuscitation group, and sham group. One minute after successful resuscitation, rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 group received a single dose of URB602 (5 mg/kg), a small-molecule monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, whereas rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation group received an equivalent volume of vehicle solution. The sham rats underwent all of the procedures performed on rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 groups minus cardiac arrest and asphyxia.

Measurements and Main Results:
Survival was recorded 168 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation (n = 22 in each group). Compared with vehicle treatment (31.8%), URB602 treatment markedly improved survival (63.6%) 168 hours after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Next, we used additional surviving rats to evaluate myocardial and mitochondrial injury 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation, and we found that URB602 significantly reduced myocardial injury and prevented myocardial mitochondrial damage. In addition, URB602 attenuated the dysregulation of endocannabinoid and eicosanoid metabolism 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation and prevented the acceleration of mitochondrial permeability transition 15 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation.

Conclusions:
Monoacylglycerol lipase blockade may reduce myocardial and mitochondrial injury and significantly improve the resuscitation effect after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Variation in Identifying Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction Using Administrative Versus Electronic Clinical Data and Impact on Hospital Outcome Comparisons*
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Jentzsch Maximilian S. , Kadri Sameer S. , Seymour Christopher W. , Angus Derek C. , Murphy David J. , Martin Greg S. , Dantes Raymund B. , Epstein Lauren , Fiore Anthony E. , Jernigan John A. , Danner Robert L. , Warren David K. , Septimus Edward J. , Hickok Jason , Poland Russell E. , Jin Robert , Fram David , Schaaf Richard , Wang Rui , Klompas Michael 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Administrative claims data are commonly used for sepsis surveillance, research, and quality improvement. However, variations in diagnosis, documentation, and coding practices for sepsis and organ dysfunction may confound efforts to estimate sepsis rates, compare outcomes, and perform risk adjustment. We evaluated hospital variation in the sensitivity of claims data relative to clinical data from electronic health records and its impact on outcome comparisons.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
Retrospective cohort study of 4.3 million adult encounters at 193 U.S. hospitals in 2013–2014.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Sepsis was defined using electronic health record–derived clinical indicators of presumed infection (blood culture draws and antibiotic administrations) and concurrent organ dysfunction (vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, doubling in creatinine, doubling in bilirubin to ≥ 2.0 mg/dL, decrease in platelets to < 100 cells/µL, or lactate ≥ 2.0 mmol/L). We compared claims for sepsis prevalence and mortality rates between both methods. All estimates were reliability adjusted to account for random variation using hierarchical logistic regression modeling. The sensitivity of hospitals’ claims data was low and variable: median 30% (range, 5–54%) for sepsis, 66% (range, 26–84%) for acute kidney injury, 39% (range, 16–60%) for thrombocytopenia, 36% (range, 29–44%) for hepatic injury, and 66% (range, 29–84%) for shock. Correlation between claims and clinical data was moderate for sepsis prevalence (Pearson coefficient, 0.64) and mortality (0.61). Among hospitals in the lowest sepsis mortality quartile by claims, 46% shifted to higher mortality quartiles using clinical data. Using implicit sepsis criteria based on infection and organ dysfunction codes also yielded major differences versus clinical data.

Conclusions:
Variation in the accuracy of claims data for identifying sepsis and organ dysfunction limits their use for comparing hospitals’ sepsis rates and outcomes. Using objective clinical data may facilitate more meaningful hospital comparisons.
Heterotrophic Ossification in Patient With Prosthetic Leg
Authors: Milburn Nate , Yap Lori , Raval Gargi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:
Heterotrophic ossification (HO) is a well-described phenomenon in patients with spinal cord injury, head injury, burns, hip replacement, and general trauma. However, it has also been described through a relative paucity of case reports that repeated microtrauma from the use of weight-bearing leg prostheses is an additional possible cause of HO. In our case, we examine a patient who developed an extreme case of HO after he began an exercise regimen with assistance from a running limb. This abnormal formation was actually advantageous because it created a more snug fit of the prosthetic device and improved the patient's ability to run.