bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Dental Restorations: A Comprehensive Review of Machinable and 3D‐Printed Ceramic‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Duarte Sillas , Phark Jin‐Ho 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis review aims to evaluate the current understanding and clinical applications of machinable ceramic‐reinforced composites (CRCs) and the emerging first generation of 3D‐printed CRCs in dental restorations.OverviewMachinable CRCs, introduced over a decade ago, have shown moderate success in short‐ to medium‐term clinical applications, particularly in low‐stress areas. However, their long‐term durability limitations, such as increased wear and marginal deterioration, restrict their use in high‐stress situations and full crowns. The first generation of 3D‐printed CRCs offers customization advantages but is still in early development and exhibits lower mechanical strength and higher wear rates than CAD‐CAM CRCs and traditional ceramics. Additionally, the classification and definitions surrounding CRCs remain ambiguous, as ADA categorizations do not clearly differentiate CRCs from ceramics, complicating clinical indication, usage, and billing practices.ConclusionMachinable CAD‐CAM CRCs are moderately successful in low‐stress applications, while 3D‐printed CRCs show limitations in wear resistance and durability, raising concerns for their use in definitive restorations. Both require further research and clinical validation.Clinical SignificanceMachinable CAD‐CAM CRCs are best suited for low‐stress applications, while 3D‐printed CRCs may be more appropriate for provisional use. Until long‐term clinical data are available, ceramics should be preferred for high‐stress or full‐coverage restorations. Clearer definitions for porcelain/ceramic and comprehensive application guidelines are urgently needed to support clinician decision‐making and improve patient outcomes.
Numerical Simulation and Quality Analysis of Carrot Crisps Drying Based on Freezing Pretreatment
Authors: Du Zhonghua , Wang Xiangyou , Ge Bangguo , Zhao Feng , Zhang Zongchao , Sun Qingyun , Han Menglong , Yu Xianlong , Li Qing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFreezing pretreatment is one of the novel pretreatments for fruit and vegetable drying, and its treatment intensity has a direct impact on the effectiveness of color protection and drying promotion. However, there are major limitations on transformations of dynamic changes of and water status of material, which is crucial for judging processing intensity. Here a mathematical model was presented to characterize heat transfer in freezing pretreatment of carrot crisps. The model accounts for freezing phase change heat transfer. And a further analysis on the effect of freezing pretreatment on product quality was made according to experimental results. Results showed that the heat transfer process of freezing pretreatment is divided into four stages based on the temperature changes, namely fast cooling segment, phase transition segment, secondary cooling segment, constant temperature holding segment. In the phase transition segment, the presence of latent heat is the core element that the temperature of the material can be maintained constant. In the constant temperature holding segment, the effect of processing time on the material was significant. The optimal pre‐freezing conditions for carrots was a temperature of −15°C for the duration of 45 min plus an additional 10 h, resulting in dried products with minimal color difference, maximum rehydration ratio, and optimal puffing degree.
Therapeutic BCG vaccine protects against long COVID: The BATTLE randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jalalizadeh Mehrsa , Buosi Keini , Giacomelli Cristiane F. , Leme Patricia A.F. , Ferrari Karen L. , Dionato Franciele A.V. , Brito Wandrey R.S. , Brunetti Natália S. , Maia Aline R. , Morari Joseane , Pagliarone Ana C. , Farias Alessandro S. , Velloso Licio A. , Queiroz Maria A.F. , Vallinoto Antonio C.R. , Bajgelman Marcio C. , Reis Leonardo O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) injected during the COVID‐19 convalescence period was safe and enhanced recovery from anosmia and dysgeusia in the acute phase.ObjectivesTo report the long‐term results of the BATTLE trial, BCG vaccine in adults with mild COVID‐19.MethodsDesign: Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized (1:1) clinical trial. Intervention: BCG intradermal vaccine and placebo. Patients: A total of 157 BCG and 142 placebo recipients participated in the 6‐month follow‐up, and 97 BCG and 95 placebo recipients participated in the 12‐month follow‐up. Measurements: Long COVID symptoms and mechanistic analyses.ResultsBCG reduced hearing problems at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26) and sleeping, concentration, memory, and vision problems at 12 months (OR = 0.45, 0.36, 0.38, and 0.36, respectively). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that long COVID‐19 symptoms were reduced at the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups (p = 0.010 and 0.031, respectively). BCG's crossover interaction paradoxically increased hair loss in women and decreased it in men at 6 months (p = 0.032). BCG immunomodulation is likely mediated through inhibition of Fas ligand expression in the blood and increased induction of IL6, IL10, interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 3, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in cultured human macrophages.ConclusionLong‐term follow‐up of the BATTLE trial participants revealed that BCG protects against long COVID development if administered within the COVID‐19 convalescence period. The response to BCG was subject‐specific, including a paradoxical crossover interaction based on sex. Limitations: Not tested for previous mycobacterial exposure; loss to follow‐up, particularly at 12 months.
Different ways of diagnosing selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes such as shrunken pore syndrome and the associated increase in mortality
Authors: Åkesson Anna , Malmgren Linnea , Leion Felicia , Nyman Ulf , Christensson Anders , Björk Jonas , Grubb Anders 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 2015, a selective decrease in the glomerular filtration of middle‐sized molecules such as cystatin C compared to small molecules such as creatinine was first described and tentatively termed “Shrunken pore syndrome.” Numerous studies have thereafter found an association between this syndrome (defined by a low eGFRcystatin C to eGFRcreatinine ratio) and mortality and morbidity. In 2023, the syndrome was renamed selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes (SGHS) as shrunken pores are not the only pathophysiological mechanism. Recently, some studies have used the difference between eGFRcystatin C and eGFRcreatinine to describe a similar disorder, and this investigation compares the two measures.MethodsUsing a cohort of 2781 adults with a median follow‐up of 5.6 years, referred for determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), estimated GFR (eGFR) was determined using four equations. SGHS was defined using the eGFRdifference and the eGFRratio and association to mortality investigated through adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. From each adjusted regression model, Harrell's C‐index and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsBoth measures were associated with mortality. No significant differences concerning hazard ratios or Harrell's C‐index were found between the two measures to estimate mortality, and both identified SGHS and increased mortality in a subpopulation of 567 “healthy” individuals with no prior diagnosis and with no kidney disorder according to the kidney disease improving global outcomes‐criteria.ConclusionThe eGFRdifference is not superior to the eGFRratio in diagnosing SGHS or estimating mortality. However, as the two measures do not identify the same subpopulation, using them simultaneously might improve risk stratification.
Craniofacial anatomical determinants of pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kim Kyung‐A , Kim Su‐Jung , Yoon Audrey 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThis narrative review aims to elucidate the anatomical features of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in children. By identifying key structures and intervening proactively, we seek to alter craniofacial growth patterns and improve functional outcomes for SDB children.MethodsThe literature on pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing (PSDB), pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), anatomical predispositions, and the relationship between skeletal deformity and PSDB was examined using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering studies from 2006 to 2024.ResultsForty relevant articles were reviewed, focusing on craniofacial characteristics associated with PSDB. The etiology of PSDB is multifactorial, with adenoid and palatal tonsil enlargement being the most common cause. While adenotonsillectomy is recommended as the primary treatment, residual SDB may result in craniofacial skeletal deformities contributing to upper airway constriction. Typical craniofacial phenotypes of SDB include excessive vertical growth and constriction of the maxilla, a retruded mandible, and posterior rotation, known as a Class II hyperdivergent pattern. Conversely, Class III with an underdeveloped maxilla shows a relatively lower risk for SDB due to reduced nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal airway volumes. Transverse maxillary constriction with a high, deep palatal vault is a significant risk factor. Additionally, nasal obstruction and low tongue posture, with or without a short lingual frenulum, are identified as craniofacial risk factors for SDB development in children.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and intervention are critical in managing PSDB. Dentists, through screening and early treatment, can significantly influence craniofacial growth and health outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective management, improving the quality of life and long‐term health of affected children.
Pilot analysis of magnetic resonance imaging‐based contributors to patient‐centred optimization of mandibular advancement devices in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kreft Lina , Mohr Nelli , Seele Sven , Grünberg Daniel , Hagen Christina , Ibbeken Alina Janna , Zell Fenja , Steffen Armin , Papenfuß Greta Sophie , Frydrychowicz Alex , Kirstein Ulrike , Hakim Samer George , Buzug Thorsten M. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryMandibular advancement devices are an effective treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea. While their efficacy depends on the degree of mandibular protrusion, other contributing factors influencing the optimal outcome are not fully understood. This magnetic resonance imaging‐based pilot study aimed at investigating whether there are promising planimetric parameters that may be related to the optimal therapeutic position. A second aim was to assess possible sex‐specific differences. Planimetric data from magnetic resonance imaging taken in the habitual position and four protrusion grades were collected from 11 female and 14 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (age 45 ± 13.3 years; body mass index 27.6 ± 4.5 kg m−2). Data were correlated with outcome as substantiated by polygraphic data obtained at the habitual position and at each of two protrusion positions considered to reveal the highest treatment effect. Protrusion degree and lateral widening of the retropalatal region correlated most strongly (R = 0.56, p < 0.001). Relationships between planimetric data and treatment success were most pronounced at the level of the smallest cross‐section, expressed, for example, by a correlation between oxygen desaturation index and lateral diameter (R = −0.4, p = 0.012). Female participants appeared to show improved polygraphic values at a lower protrusion degree than males. Data from magnetic resonance imaging allow for a comprehensive analysis combining insights from planimetric velopharyngeal measurements at different individual protrusion grades and correlation with outcome. The results of this pilot work encourage further evaluation in large‐scale studies. These should focus on the velopharyngeal region and investigate the influence of sex more closely.
Bidirectional Association Between Parental Pressure to Eat and Children's Satiety Responsiveness: The Moderating Effect of Children's Temperament
Authors: Qu Fangge , Chen Yujia , Song Xinyi , Wei Xiaoxue , Wu Ruxing , Wang Jian , Cao Yang , Guo Ningyuan , Hua Wenzhe , Chen Jinjin , Tang Xianqing , Zhu Daqiao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine the directionality of the relationship between children's satiety responsiveness and parental pressure to eat and to explore how children's temperament moderates this relationship. Parents of preschoolers (n = 482, Mage = 3.66, SD = 0.29, 51.2% boys) were surveyed at two‐time points spaced 2 years in China, and 76.6% of those were mothers. Cross‐lagged analyses indicated that children's satiety responsiveness positively predicted parental pressure to eat over time. Moderation analyses revealed that children's high anger/frustration intensified the predictive relationship above. These findings suggest that parents should accurately understand their children's satiety responsiveness and tailor their responses based on children's temperament, thereby fostering a virtuous cycle of parent–child interaction.
A defensive pathway from NAC and TCP transcription factors activates a BAHD acyltransferase for (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate biosynthesis to resist herbivore in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Gu Honglian , Li Jiaxing , Qiao Dahe , Li Mei , Yao Yingjie , Xie Hui , Huang Ke‐lin , Liu Shengrui , Xie De‐Yu , Wei Chaoling , Zhu Junyan 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Numerous herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play important roles in plant defense. In tea plants (Camellia sinensis), (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate (3‐HAC) has been characterized as associated with resistance to herbivores. To date, how tea plants biosynthesize and regulate 3‐HAC to resist herbivores remain unclear.
Based on transcriptomes assembled from Ectropis obliqua‐fed leaves, a cDNA encoding BAHD acyltransferase, namely CsCHAT1, was highly induced in leaves fed with E. obliqua. Enzymatic assays showed that CsCHAT1 converted (Z)‐3‐hexenol into 3‐HAC. Further suppression of CsCHAT1 expression reduced the accumulation of 3‐HAC and lowered the resistance of tea plants to E. obliqua, while 3‐HAC replenishment rescued the reduced resistance of CsCHAT1‐silenced tea plants against E. obliqua.
Two transcription factors (TFs), CsNAC30 and CsTCP11, were co‐expressed with CsCHAT1. An integrative approach of biochemistry, DNA–protein interaction, gene silencing, and metabolic profiling revealed that the two TFs positively regulated the expression of CsCHAT1. The suppression of either one decreased the production of 3‐HAC and eliminated the resistance of tea plants to E. obliqua. Notably, the suppression of either one considerably impaired JA‐induced 3‐HAC biosynthesis in tea plant.
The proposed pathway can be targeted for innovative agro‐biotechnologies protecting tea plants from damage by E. obliqua.
Social justice as nursing resistance: a foucauldian discourse analysis within emergency departments
Authors: Slemon Allie , Bungay Vicky , Varcoe Colleen , Blanchet Garneau Amélie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSocial justice is consistently upheld as a central value within the nursing profession, yet there are persistent inconsistencies in how this construct is conceptualized, further compounded by a lack of empirical inquiry into how nurses enact social justice in everyday practice. In the current context in which structural inequities are perpetuated throughout the health care system, and the emergency department in particular, it is crucial to understand how nurses understand and enact social justice as a disciplinary commitment. This research examines how nurses' talk and institutional texts discursively construct social justice within the institutional context of the emergency department, and how such discourses shape the enactment of social justice within nursing practice. Guided by Iris Marion Young's theorizing of distributive and systemic social justice paradigms, this Foucauldian discourse analysis draws on emergency department nurses' talk (N = 25 interviews) and institutional documents (N = 27) as key texts that visibilize dominant and excluded discourses of social justice within the institutional context of the emergency department, and implications for how social justice is enacted through nursing practices. This analysis identified one overarching discursive pattern, in which social justice was discursively constructed through a hegemonic distributive paradigm, yet also resisted through nurses' conceptualization and enactment of a systemic social justice paradigm that facilitated their recognition and remediation of inequities. This central discursive pattern is explored through three exemplars of nurses' enactment of social justice as resistance: triage, harm reduction, and care planning. Findings from this analysis demonstrate that while a hegemonic distributive paradigm has dominated conceptualizations of social justice within nursing, a re‐construction of social justice through a systemic paradigm may guide nurses in enacting practices that remediate inequities in health and health care.
Asian birth cohort studies on allergic diseases: The A2BC network initiative
Authors: Lee So‐Yeon , Nakano Taiji , Shimojo Naoki , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Fukuie Tatsuki , Ohya Yukihiro , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Van Bever Hugo , Shek Lynette Pei‐Chi , Lee Bee Wah , Leung Ting‐Fan , Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Wong Gary W. K. , Huang Jing‐Long , Yeh Kuo‐Wei , Fikri Bahrul , Suratannon Narissara , Chatchatee Pantipa , Peters Rachel , Hong Soo‐Jong ,   the A2BC network
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Asia Allergy Birth Cohort (A2BC) network consolidates data from multiple independently established birth cohorts across Asia to enhance research on host–environment interactions in allergic diseases. These cohorts, established at different times with various methodologies, are reliable data sources. Our aim is to introduce the content, variables, and outcomes of these cohorts while highlighting their differences, laying the groundwork for future collaborative research. The A2BC network includes 10 cohort studies on allergic diseases from six Asian countries. Enrollment criteria, study aims, and an initial inventory were discussed and confirmed through five business meetings. A common database was developed to assess the study characteristics of these observational cohorts on allergic diseases, though harmonization efforts are retrospective. Five studies collected data on specific immunoglobulin E responses to various inhalant and food allergens, while six cohorts conducted skin prick tests. Lung function measurements were included in some studies, but without standardized procedures across cohorts. Asthma and allergic rhinitis were primarily assessed using questionnaires or doctor diagnoses, while assessments of eczema and food allergies varied across studies. The A2BC network also examines early‐life environmental factors such as delivery mode, antibiotic usage, diet, and air pollutants, although these exposures were measured differently across the cohorts. Despite differences in the origins, methods, and objectives of each cohort, pooling data and conducting joint analyses offer valuable insights into the relationship between environmental exposures and allergic disease outcomes in Asian children. This approach can serve as a foundation for future collaborative research.image
Functions and Regulation of HAM Family Genes in Meristems During Gametophyte and Sporophyte Generations
Authors: Geng Yuan , Xie Chong , Zhang Cankui , Liu Xing , Zhou Yun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA fascinating feature of land plants is their ability to continually initiate new tissues and organs throughout their lifespan, driven by a pool of pluripotent stem cells located in meristems. In seed plants, various types of meristems are initiated and maintained during the sporophyte generation, while their gametophytes lack meristems and rely on sporophyte tissues for growth. In contrast, seed‐free vascular plants, such as ferns, develop meristems during both the sporophyte and gametophyte generations, allowing for the independent growth of both generations. Recent findings have highlighted both conserved and lineage‐specific roles of the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family of GRAS‐domain transcriptional regulators in various meristems throughout the land plant lifecycle. Here, we review and discuss how HAM genes maintain meristem indeterminacy in both sporophytes and gametophytes, with a focus on studies performed in two model species: the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the fern Ceratopteris richardii. Additionally, we summarize the crucial and tightly regulated functions of the microRNA171 (miR171)‐HAM regulatory modules, which define HAM spatial patterns and activities during meristem development across various meristem identities in land plants.
Pediatric to Adult Transition in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Existing Transition Programs
Authors: Yerigeri Shivani , Satariano Matthew , Pape Lars , Johnson Jonathan N. , Marks Stephen D. , Twombley Katherine E. , Doshi Kush , Harish Nikhil , Oh Jun , McCulloch Mignon , Esquivel Carlos O. , Raina Rupesh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPediatric organ transplantation is the primary treatment for end‐organ failure. Improving medication adherence and healthcare compliance can decrease healthcare burdens, graft rejection, morbidity, and mortality. Adolescents commonly struggle with non‐adherence, necessitating a smooth transition to adult care. This systematic review aims to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of existing transition tools and models used in the care of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (pSOTR).MethodsA systematic literature review of studies in electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Mendeley) on interventions improving transition in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (pSOTR) from 2000 to 2022 was conducted. Included studies involved pSOTR before the age of 12 years transitioning to adult care.ResultsA lower proportion of graft acute rejection was observed among pSOTR with more than two transition interventions (10.088%, 95% CI: 0.901%–27.441%, I2 = 85.95%, p < 0.0001, random effects, five studies, n = 155) compared to those with two or fewer interventions (13.892%, 95% CI: 4.588%–27.142%, I2 = 74.73%, p = 0.0014, random effects, six studies, n = 140). Additionally, a significant association was found between transition protocols and lower rejection rates (χ2 = 10.57, p = 0.0011), with multiple protocols showing better outcomes (χ2 = 5.091, p = 0.024). Although adherence scores differed significantly with and without transition protocols (χ2 = 8.75, p = 0.0126), no significant difference was found between single and multiple protocol groups (χ2 = 4.8, p = 0.091).ConclusionThis review identifies various transition models and their impact on adherence and graft rejection, which correlate with morbidity and mortality and influence transplant outcomes. The heterogeneity of data within the current literature necessitates further research to establish causality and develop a standardized transition program aimed at improving patient outcomes.
Epistemic Challenges to Moral Expressivism
Authors: Valencia Pacheco Rodrigo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe ordinarily use epistemic concepts to evaluate our moral views. We know certain things are wrong, we are sometimes uncertain about the morally best thing to do, we think there are rational and irrational ways of reaching moral conclusions, etc. Like most meta ethicists, expressivists aim to explain this; they want to offer accounts of our moral thought, talk, and practice. However, most expressivists think moral thought and talk are fundamentally non‐representational or desire‐like. Critics have argued that this makes the view incompatible with central aspects of our epistemic evaluations. In this paper, I survey the main epistemic challenges for expressivism, highlight their interconnections, and discuss the most promising responses.