bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal Adhesion Kinase Upregulated by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor But Not by Interleukin-3 in Differentiating Myeloid Cells
Authors: Kume Akihiro , Nishiura Hiroshi , Suda Junko , Suda Toshio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe involvement of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in myeloid differentiation was investigated in primary murine bone marrow (BM) cells. In unstimulated BM, FAK mRNA was detected in myeloid and lymphoid cells, but not in erythroid precursors. When the BM cells were incubated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF ) or interleukin-3 (IL-3), FAK expression showed a remarkable difference depending on the cytokine. Although FAK was upregulated in the cells stimulated by GM-CSF (GM-treated cells), the kinase was barely detectable in the cells cultured with IL-3 (IL-3–treated cells). Morphology and flow cytometry analysis showed GM-CSF promoted the growth and differentiation of monocyte/macrophage lineage stronger than IL-3. In addition, motility of the cytokine-differentiated cells showed an overt distinction between the cultures, which was closely correlated with FAK expression. After 7 days of stimulation, GM-treated cells showed active migration and chemoattractant-induced morphologic polarization. In contrast, IL-3–treated cells showed minimal migration and polarization. These results suggest an important role of GM-CSF in the terminal differentiation of monocytes/macrophages, and possible involvement of FAK in functional maturity of this lineage.
Case Reports: Familial Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: SCHIER W. WILSON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The multiple occurrence of Hodgkin’s and allied diseases in each of two different families is reported.
The infrequent appearance of Hodgkin’s disease in the general population suggests that the familial incidence may be more than fortuitous.
The significance of familial Hodgkin’s disease is briefly discussed in the light of current thought concerning the etiology of Hodgkin’s disease.
The Erythropoietic Effect of Urine and Plasma of Repeatedly Bled Rabbits
Authors: HODGSON G. , TOHÁ J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The reticulocyte response of rabbits bled in a standard manner is significantly greater after the injection of anemic rabbit plasma, than after the injection of normal rabbit plasma. The effect of anemic rabbit plasma disappears after the exposure to 100 per cent oxygen, but not after exposure to air. The activity of anemic rabbit plasma is not due to the presence of high concentrations of vitamin B12 or folic acid.
2. The recovery of hemoglobin concentration after a standard hemorrhage is described by a first order exponential equation. The speed of recovery is characterized by the time constant of regeneration. The velocity of hemoglobin regeneration, after a standard hemorrhage in rabbits injected with plasma of anemic animals, is greater than that of controls injected with normal rabbit plasma. Anemic rabbit plasma loses its erythropoietic effect after boiling at pH 5.5 for 15 minutes.
3. The repeated injection of anemic rabbit plasma in normal rabbits produces a significant rise of reticulocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin concentration.
4. The injection of urine of anemic animals increases the speed of hemoglobin regeneration after a standard hemorrhage in rabbits. The activity of the urine of anemic rabbits is lost by boiling at pH 9.0 for 5 minutes, but not after the same treatment at pH 5.5. Urine of anemic animals loses its erythropoietic action after 16 hours dialysis.
5. It is concluded that the plasma and urine of animal with increased erythropoiesis contains a factor or factors (erythropoietins) which are probably the humoral mediators of the primary erythropoietic stimulus.
The Lysis of Intravascular Thrombi in Rabbits with Human Plasmin (Fibrinolysin)
Authors: GROSSI CARLO E. , CLIFFTON EUGENE E. , CANNAMELA DOLLY A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Thrombi were produced in the marginal vein of the ear of rabbits with the use of either thrombin or sodium morrhuate. Sodium morrhuate was found to be most dependable.
2. Plasmin given intravenously with an average dose of 10 to 15 ml. per Kg. was effective in producing a complete intravascular lysis in all instances where the thrombus was less than 24 hours old, and a partial or total lysis in the great majority of animals with thrombi over 24 hours old. This lysis took place within 1 to 2 hours after the injection of plasmin.
3. The intravenous use of plasmin is shown in rabbits to be nonlethal and nontoxic.
Hematologic Responses and Concenrtation of Vitamin B12 in Serum and Urine following Oral Administration of Vitamin B12 without Intrinsic Factor
Authors: ROSS G. I. M. , MOLLIN D. L. , COX E. V. , UNGLEY C. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vitamin B12 in doses of 500 to 3000 µg. was given by mouth or by rectum to patients with megaloblastic anemia due to B12 deficiency and to normal subjects. Its absorption was studied by following the hematologic response and/or the changes in serum and urinary B12 concentrations by microbiologic assay with Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris.
After oral doses of 1000 to 3000 µg. of B12 there was a definite but variable hematologic response in the thirty-five patients. The serum B12 concentrations, measured in eighteen of these patients, increased in the first twenty-four hours after the dose. The urinary excretion of B12 increased in fifteen out of sixteen patients, but the average amount excreted was only one quarter of that excreted after intramuscular injections producing comparable hematologic responses. The lower urinary excretion after the oral doses was associated with a lower total and uncombined B12 concentration in the serum. In the majority of patients serum B12 concentrations and urinary B12 excretion reached a maximum in the first six hours after the dose.
After oral doses of 3000 µg. there was a rise in serum and urinary B12 in three out of four normal subjects.
After doses of 500 µg., there was an increase in the serum B12 concentrations of two normal subjects and of one out of two patients with megaloblastic anemia, but there was no change in urinary B12 excretion.
After rectal doses of 1000 or 3000 µg. there was evidence of absorption of the vitamin in seven out of eight patients with pernicious anemia.
Analytical Review: The Mechanism of Glucocorticoid Eosinopenia
Authors: ESSELLIER A. F. , JEANNERET R. L. , MORANDI L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with basic problems of glucocorticoid eosinopenia and of regulations within the eosinophile cell system.
The effects of glucocorticoids on single regulatory factors of this system, such as eosinotactic stimuli, eosinopoiesis, life span and rate of removal of eosinophils, are discussed in detail. Eosinophilopoiesis is not influenced by glucocorticoids. This finding, added to the observation that blocking the reticuloendothelial system suppresses the glucocorticoid eosinopenia and that these compounds have no eosinolytic properties in vitro, speaks against the contention that the eosinopenic effect of the glucocorticoids is actually due to a direct lytic effect on the eosinophils. A distributional shift of eosinophils in vascular sectors functioning as blood depots, or a migration into tissues can be abandoned as explanations of glucocorticoid eosinopenia. The hypothesis of a fixation at sites of physiologic demand is certainly not a valid explanation of glucocorticoid eosinopenia, since glucocorticoids suppress the eosinotactic stimuli. Blocking experiments of the RES show that the rate of disappearance of the eosinophils is a resultant of the functional condition of the RES and of the sum of the eosinopenic stimuli.
On the basis of our investigations we arrive at the conclusion that glucocorticoid eosinopenia depends upon an inhibition of the release of mature eosinophils from the bone marrow and upon an increased destruction of eosinophils in the reticuloendothelial system. The level of the original eosinophilia, that is to say, the percentage of young forms with a long life expectancy, determines the degree of eosinopenia attained by a single application of glucocorticoid and the time lapse before aneosinophilia develops under continuous glucocorticoid administration.
Structural Changes in the Platelets as Observed by Electron Microscopy
Authors: BRAUNSTEINER H. , FELLINGER K. , PAKESCH F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Deficient pseudopod formation and spreading of platelets on Formvar films were encountered in cases of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and thrombocytoasthenias. The same defect together with agglutination was induced in isolated normal platelets by a platelet agglutinin from the serum of one case of chronic ITP. The possible significance of these results is briefly discussed.
Idiopathic Immunoneutropenia
Authors: MÅRTENSSON JOHAN , VIKBLADH INGA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case report is presented of a woman, aged 49, with persistent neutropenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a pathologic serum protein fraction migrating at the same rate as γ-globulin representing about 30 per cent of the total protein, and with undue fatigue as the only symptom.
Normal leukocytes, especially neutrophils, were agglutinated by a factor contained in the patient’s serum and bound to the pathologic γ-globulin fraction and active even in a dilution of at least 1:120.
The neutropenia may be explained by the formation, in the patient, of antibodies intravascularly agglutinating her own neutrophile leukocytes, which were then eliminated from the circulating blood. The appearance of the bone marrow did not argue against such an assumption.
It has not been possible to demonstrate any definite causal factor of the disease. As far as the neutrophile leukocytes are concerned, the disease is analogous with idiopathic immunohemolytic anemia and idiopathic immunothrombocytopenia.
No leukocyte agglutination could be demonstrated in sera from two other patients with granulocytopenia or in sera from a number of patients with various diseases and associated increased γ-globulin.
Mediterranean Anemia in a Negro Complicated by Pernicious Anemia of Pregnancy
Authors: GOLDBERG MELVIN A. , SCHWARTZ STEVEN O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case is presented of a Negro woman with Mediterranean anemia who developed megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy in each of three pregnancies.
2. The possibility that Mediterranean anemia predisposes to the development of pernicious anemia of pregnancy is discussed.
3. With megaloblastic erythropoiesis, anemia became more severe, but the characteristic red cell hypochromia of Mediterranean disease was masked.
4. Purified liver extract failed to protect against the development of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy but folic acid produced a satisfactory therapeutic response.
The Effects of Cortisone on the Development of Spontaneous Leukemia in Mice and on Its Induction by Irradiation
Authors: UPTON A. C. , FURTH J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of spontaneous lymphoma in a high leukemia strain of mice was inhibited by administration of cortisone, although the hormone-induced atrophy of the thymus and other lymphoid tissues was only transient.
Inhibition of lymphoma formation resulted from only three successive daily injections of cortisone but was greater if the cortisone administration was prolonged for three months.
A high incidence of myeloid leukemia was induced in a low-leukemia strain of mice by a single exposure to 350 r of x-radiation.
Cortisone was without effect on the induction of myeloid leukemia.
Cortisone administered preirradiation increased, and postirradiation decreased, the incidence of radiation-induced lymphomas in male mice.
Leukoagglutinins
Authors: DAUSSET J. , NENNA A. , BRECY H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A simple test for the detection of leukoagglutinating properties of serum is described.
2. A thermolabile serum system which inhibits the leukoagglutination was observed.
3. Sera of about two thousand normal subjects and six hundred patients with various diseases were tested. The sera of nineteen of the patients gave positive reactions.
4. The serologic and physicochemical properties of the leukoagglutinating substance were studied, and evidence is presented in favor of its being an antibody.
5. The role of the leukoagglutinating substance in the development of leukopenia is discussed, as well as the probable type of antibody responsible for the leukoagglutination reaction.
Evidence for a Humoral Regulation of Erythropoiesis
Authors: STOHLMAN FREDERICK , RATH CHARLES E. , ROSE JOHN C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Data obtained from a patient with polycythemia secondary to a patent ductus arteriosus with reverse flow, have been presented. Oxygen saturation and tension of brachial arterial blood and sternal bone marrow were within normal limits, while those of the iliac marrow and femoral arterial blood were reduced.
The presence of polycythemia under such circumstances is thought to exclude a primary cerebral or pituitary mechanism. Similarly, the presence of hypercellularity and normoblastic hyperplasia in normally oxygenated areas of the bone marrow argue against a direct effect of lowered O2 content or pO2 on germinal erythroid cells.
These observations are compatible with a humoral regulation of erythropoiesis in the hypoxic state.
Congenital Afibrinogenemia
Authors: ALEXANDER BENJAMIN , GOLDSTEIN ROBERT , RICH LESTER , LE BOLLOC'H ANNE G. , DIAMOND LOUIS K. , BORGES WAYNE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a study of three subjects with incoagulable blood due to congenital afibrinogenemia, information is presented regarding some basic aspects of coagulation independent, of the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion mechanism. The following facts have been established: (1) Shortly after the blood is exposed to glass, the earliest detectable changes are morphologic alteration in the platelets and their progressive agglutination and lysis. (2) Almost in parallel, plasma antihemophilic activity, originally normal, declines rapidly and practically disappears. (3) Also within minutes, SPCA evolves from its precursor in a normal manner. (4) Acglobulin is rapidly consumed. (5) These changes are well along before detectable amounts of prothrombin have disappeared. (6) Prothrombin consumption proceeds at normal velocity, or slightly faster than normal. (7) Thrombin addition to afibrinogenemic plasma induces platelet agglutination, but this does not occur when thrombin is mixed with platelets alone. (8) The "natural" antithrombic activity of afibrinogenemic plasma is normal. (9) The heparin co-factor of antithrombic activity was demonstrable. (10) Quantitative data were obtained relating the one-stage prothrombin time with the fibrinogen concentration.
The theoretic and practical implications of the observations are discussed.
Results of High-Dose Therapy and Autologous Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplantation During Remission in Poor-Risk Intermediate- and High-Grade Lymphoma: International Index High and High-Intermediate Risk Group
Authors: Nademanee Auayporn , Molina Arturo , O'Donnell Margaret R. , Dagis Andrew , Snyder David S. , Parker Pablo , Stein Anthony , Smith Eileen , Planás Ina , Kashyap Ashwin , Spielberger Ricardo , Fung Henry , Wong K.K. , Somlo George , Margolin Kim , Chow Warren , Sniecinski Irena , Vora Nayana , Blume Karl G. , Niland Joyce , Forman Stephen J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have conducted a pilot study to investigate the role of high-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow/stem cell transplantation (ASCT) during first complete or partial remission in 52 patients with poor-risk aggressive lymphoma. There were 42 patients with intermediate-grade or immunoblastic lymphoma who were considered to be high (60%) and high-intermediate risk (40%) groups at diagnosis based on the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (IPI) and 10 patients with high-grade, SNCCL (small non-cleaved cell, Burkitt's, and non-Burkitt's), who at presentation had poor-risk features defined as elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level, stage IV, and bulky mass ≥10 cm. The median age was 34 years (range, 16 to 56 years). Thirty-nine were transplanted in first complete remission and 13 in first partial remission after conventional therapy. Conditioning regimens consisted of total body irradiation (TBI) administered as a single fraction 750 cGy in 3 patients and in fractionated doses for a total of 1,200 cGy in 44 patients, in combination with 60 mg/kg etoposide and 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Five patients with prior radiotherapy received 450 mg/m2 carmustine instead of TBI. Stem cell sources were either bone marrow and/or peripheral blood. No in vitro purging was used. All patients engrafted. Two SNCCL patients died of venoocclusive disease at 25 days and acute leukemia at 27 months posttransplantation. There were six relapses at 1.5 to 12.8 months posttransplantation. At a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 1 to 113 months), the estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for all patients was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70% to 92%) and 82% (95% CI, 68% to 91%), respectively. In the subset of patients with intermediate-grade and immunoblastic lymphoma, the 3-year DFS was 89% (95% CI, 74% to 96%) for all patients, 87% (95% CI, 67% to 96%) for high-risk patients, and 92% (95 CI, 61% to 99%) for high-intermediate risk patients. The 3-year OS and DFS for SNCCL patients were identical at 60% (95% CI, 30% to 84%). These results suggest that high-dose therapy and ASCT during first remission may improve the survival and prognosis of patients with poor-risk intermediate- and high-grade lymphoma. A prospective randomized study comparing high-dose therapy and ASCT with conventional chemotherapy in IPI high-risk patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma should be undertaken.
Recombinant Human Interleukin-11 Directly Promotes Megakaryocytopoiesis In Vitro
Authors: Weich Nadine S. , Wang Anlai , Fitzgerald Michael , Neben Tamlyn Yee , Donaldson Debra , Giannotti JoAnn , Yetz-Aldape Joanne , Leven Robert M. , Turner Katherine J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the mechanism of action of the thrombopoietic cytokine, recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11), on megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro. We have shown that rhIL-11–induced murine and human megakaryocytopoiesis are not mediated by thrombopoietin (Tpo). Murine megakaryocytes (MKs) were produced from bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells cultured with rhIL-11, IL-3, and a combination of the two cytokines. Conditioned media (CM) were collected and assayed for the presence of biologically active Tpo. Tpo activity was not detected in any of the CMs tested. Next, human BM CD34+ cells were cultured in serum-free fibrin clot medium with rhIL-11, IL-3, or rhIL-11 plus IL-3 and an antibody that neutralizes human Tpo activity. No inhibition of either burst-forming unit-MK– or colony-forming unit-MK–derived colony formation was observed. The antibody did partially inhibit steel factor-induced MK-colony formation, suggesting that the actions of this cytokine are mediated, in part, by Tpo. We determined that MKs can be direct targets of rhIL-11 by showing the expression of functional IL-11 receptor on these cells. Total RNA was prepared from cultured human BM CD41+CD14− cells (MKs) and IL-11 receptor α chain mRNA was detected in the MKs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of single-sorted CD41+CD14− cells confirmed that the observed IL-11 receptor expression was not due to contaminating CD41− cells in the pool. The presence of rhIL-11 receptor α chain protein in the cells was established by Western blot analysis. After a short exposure of purified BM MKs to rhIL-11, enhanced phosphorylation of both its signal transduction subunit, gp130, and the transcription factor, STAT3 was detected, showing a direct activation of receptor signaling by the cytokine. Consistent with the lack of effect of rhIL-11 on platelets in vivo, IL-11 receptor α chain mRNA and protein were not detected in isolated human platelets. These data indicate that rhIL-11 acts directly on MKs and MK progenitors but not on platelets.
Regulation of Myosin Phosphatase Through Phosphorylation of the Myosin-Binding Subunit in Platelet Activation
Authors: Nakai Keiji , Suzuki Yoshinori , Kihira Hisakazu , Wada Hideo , Fujioka Masanori , Ito Masaaki , Nakano Takeshi , Kaibuchi Kozo , Shiku Hiroshi , Nishikawa Masakatsu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman platelets were found to contain myosin phosphatase consisting of a 38-kD catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase type 1δ, a 130-kD myosin-binding subunit (MBS) and a 20-kD subunit, all of which cross-reacted with antibodies against these subunits of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase. Anti-MBS antibody coimmunoprecipitated RhoA and Rho-kinase of human platelets. Platelets MBS is a substrate for Rho-kinase and phosphorylation of MBS decreases the activity of myosin phosphatase. Treatment of intact platelets with 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano-thromboxane A2 led to a dramatic increase in phosphorylation of MBS and a significant decrease in the activity of myosin phosphatase. These findings suggest a putative mechanism for agonist-induced regulation of myosin phosphatase activity in platelets.
Preferential Dissemination of B-Cell Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma to the Splenic Marginal Zone
Authors: Du Ming-Qing , Peng Huai-Zheng , Dogan Ahmet , Diss Tim C. , Liu Haiqun , Pan Lang-Xing , Moseley Robin P. , Briskin Michael J. , Chan John K.C. , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe tendency for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma cells preferentially to localize around reactive B-cell follicles, both in the mucosa and regional lymph nodes, coupled with their immunophenotype, has led to the proposal that the normal cell counterpart of this lymphoma is the marginal zone B cell. In keeping with this proposition, lymphocytes expressing the lymphoma idiotype have been detected in the splenic marginal zone in a single case of gastric MALT lymphoma. To confirm that this truly represented preferential homing of MALT lymphoma to the splenic marginal zone, we have now re-examined this case, together with 17 other cases, using both immunohistochemical and molecular methods in an attempt to establish clonal identity between the gastric lymphoma and cells in the splenic marginal zone. In three cases, the spleen was characterized by marked expansion of marginal zones by cells showing the same pattern of Ig light chain restriction as the gastric lymphoma. None of the remaining 15 cases showed histologic evidence of lymphomatous infiltration. Analysis of the Ig genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, and sequencing confirmed clonal identity between the splenic marginal zone infiltrates and the gastric lymphoma in the histologically involved cases. Amplifiable DNA could be extracted from only 5 of the remaining 15 cases. In 3 of these cases, including the case previously studied using an anti-idiotype, involvement of the splenic marginal zone could be confirmed using microdissection and clone-specific PCR. No involvement could be detected in the remaining 2 cases. In addition, we have shown that mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), the primary homing receptor of gut-mucosa for lymphocytes, was strongly expressed by the sinus lining cells of the splenic marginal zone. These results provide strong evidence for preferential involvement of the marginal zone when gastric MALT lymphomas disseminate to the spleen, which is in keeping with the notion that the marginal zone B cells are the normal counterparts of MALT lymphoma cells.