bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Pathogenic Vibrio in Fish
Authors: Burbick Claire R. , Nydam Seth D. , Hendrix G. Kenitra , Besser Thomas E. , Diaz Dubraska , Snekvik Kevin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid, cost-effective method for identification of a broad range of bacterial taxa, but its accuracy for Vibrio spp. from samples of aquatic animal origin is unknown. We used DNA sequence analysis targeting two conserved genes, rpoB and rpoD, as the identification standard for 5 reference strains and 35 Vibrio spp. field isolates obtained from diagnostic aquaculture samples. Overall, MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified 100% of the five reference strains to the genus level and 80% (4 of 5) to the species level. For field isolates, 83% (29 of 35) were correctly identified to the genus level, and 49% (17 of 35) were correctly identified to the species level. Eight (23%) field isolates were incorrectly identified at the species level. The MALDI-TOF MS method produced no identification for 17% (6 of 35) of the field isolates. Using traditional culture identification, 100% of the five reference strains were correctly identified to the species level. All 35 field isolates were correctly identified to the genus level; 51% (18 of 35) of the isolates were identified correctly to the species level, while 29% (10 of 35) were misidentified at the species level. Overall, MALDI-TOF MS was comparable to phenotypic identification, and accuracy will likely improve with enhancement of MALDI-TOF MS database robustness.
Susceptibility of Nanophyetus salmincola Cercariae to Formalin, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Seawater
Authors: Hershberger P. K. , Besijn B. L. , MacKenzie A. H. , Wilmot M. L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The ability of formalin, PEROX-AID (hydrogen peroxide), and seawater to kill waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae was evaluated in vitro. Newly emerged cercariae survived for extended periods in freshwater, with 53–73% survival occurring in negative control groups after 24 h. Exposure to dilutions of formalin reduced this survival time, with 0% of cercariae surviving after 30 min in 450 μL/L, 40 min in 225 μL/L, and 300 min in 113 μL/L. Exposure to PEROX-AID (hydrogen peroxide) for 1 h resulted in reduced cercarial survival (16.4%) only at the highest concentration (100 μL/L), compared with 100% survival in the untreated controls and all lesser concentrations. Exposure to dilutions of seawater resulted in reduced cercarial survival only at high salinities (15.2–30.3‰), where 10-min exposures resulted in 0–20% survival. These results provide insights into options for prophylactic water treatment at salmonid enhancement facilities that experience high mortalities due to infections with Nanophyetus salmincola. Further, the intolerance of live cercariae to high salinities indicates that exposure to fish occurs primarily in the freshwater portions of watersheds.
Specific Sports Habits, Leisure‐Time Physical Activity, and School‐Educational Physical Activity in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Patterns and Barriers
Authors: Nørgaard Mette , Herlin Troels 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may cause functional impairment and reduced time engaged in physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the habits of patients with JIA regarding participation in club sports, leisure‐time physical activity, and school‐educational physical activity and relate this to objectively measured physical activity using accelerometry and to compare the findings with those in healthy controls.MethodsConsecutive patients from the Aarhus University Hospital outpatient clinic were included. Clinical characteristics, functional ability, and exploration of specific habits in club sports, leisure‐time physical activity, and school‐educational physical activity (based on a standardized questionnaire) in patients were recorded and compared with those in healthy controls. The intensity and frequency of physical activity were measured by accelerometer monitoring, using ActiGraph GT1M.ResultsSixty‐eight patients with JIA and 118 healthy control subjects were included. Despite having low disease activity, children with JIA had significantly lower accelerometry‐monitored physical activity levels compared with healthy controls. The distribution of specific club sport activities was the same among patients and controls. However, the proportion of patients spending >3 hours/week participating in club sports was significantly lower than the proportion of controls, whereas no difference in time spent engaging in physical activity during leisure‐time was observed. Participation in compulsory school‐educational physical activity was equally high in patients and controls, although participation by patients was significantly less consistent than that by controls. Patient reports of time spent with club sport and leisure‐time physical activity was significantly related to accelerometry measures, whereas this was not observed for school‐educational physical activity.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate the need for structured guidance for all patients with JIA (including those with minimal disease activity) in both understanding and coping with the consequences of a low level of physical activity.
Psychometric Evaluation of the National Institutes of Health Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in a Multiracial, Multiethnic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort
Authors: Katz Patricia , Yazdany Jinoos , Trupin Laura , Rush Stephanie , Helmick Charles G. , Murphy Louise B. , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey A. , Dall'Era Maria 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveWe examined psychometric performance of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in a racially/ethnically and linguistically diverse cohort with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsData were from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study, a multiracial/multiethnic cohort of individuals with physician‐confirmed SLE. The majority (n = 332) attended in‐person research visits that included interviews conducted in English, Spanish, Cantonese, or Mandarin. Up to 12 PROMIS short forms were administered (depending on language availability). An additional 99 individuals completed the interview by phone only. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha and item‐total correlations. Correlations with the Short Form 36 subscales and both self‐reported and physician‐assessed disease activity assessed convergent validity. All analyses were repeated within each racial/ethnic group. Differences in scores by race/ethnicity were examined in bivariate analyses and by multiple regression analyses controlling for age, sex, disease duration, and disease damage and activity.ResultsThe total sample was 30.0% white, 22.3% Hispanic, 10.9% African American, 33.7% Asian, and 3.0% other race/ethnicity. Seventy‐seven percent of interviews were conducted in‐person. Non‐English interviews were conducted in 26.0% of the Hispanic subjects and 18.6% of the Asian subjects. Each scale demonstrated adequate reliability and validity overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Minimal floor effects were observed, but ceiling effects were noted. Missing item responses were minimal for most scales, except for items related to work. No differences were noted by mode of administration or by language of administration among Hispanics and Asians. After accounting for differences in disease status, age, and sex, few differences in mean scores between whites and other racial/ethnic groups were noted.ConclusionPROMIS measures appear reliable and valid in persons with lupus across racial/ethnic groups.
Tailored Surfaces on 2D Material: UFO‐Like Cyclodextrin‐Pd Nanosheet/Metal Organic Framework Janus Nanoparticles for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Li Shengnan , Chen Xiangjun , Wang Tingting , Li Lu , Su Zhongmin , Wang Chungang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of novel Janus nanostructure with desired compositions and functionalities is essential for various applications, especially as drug delivery system to deliver multiple payloads with total different solubility. Here, a unidentified flying object (UFO)‐like cyclodextrin–palladium nanosheet/zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 Janus nanoparticle (CD–PdNS/ZIF‐8 JNP) prepared via a selective coating of polyacrylic acid (PAA) on one of the flat surfaces of 2D PdNS followed by further formation of ZIF‐8 on a PAA template, and alternative modification of CDs on exposed PdNS surface is reported. The CD‐PdNS and PAA‐ZIF‐8 parts are designed to load hydrophobic10‐hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and hydrophilic doxorubicin (Dox) independently for synergistic chemotherapy (combination index = 0.65). Because of the broad near‐infrared (NIR) absorption band of PdNSs, the photothermal effect of UFO‐like CD‐PdNS/ZIF‐8 JNPs in NIR‐II biowindow is studied. The in vitro and in vivo results show that the dual‐drug loaded JNPs under a laser‐irradiation group present highest cancer therapeutic efficiency. The good performance is due to the synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in NIR‐II biowindow. This work significantly broadens the application prospects of metal–metal organic framework JNPs by rationally designing their compositions and discovering related physiochemical properties.
High Energy Storage Efficiency Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Unidirectional Switches and Passive Power Management Circuits
Authors: Qin Huaifang , Cheng Gang , Zi Yunlong , Gu Guangqin , Zhang Bao , Shang Wanyu , Yang Feng , Yang Junjie , Du Zuliang , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe high‐voltage and low‐current output characteristics of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) make itself difficult for directly powering small electronic devices. A power management circuit (PMC) is indispensable to address the impedance mismatch issue. In this paper, a TENG with a unidirectional switch (TENG‐UDS) is developed, which can provide the maximized output energy regardless of the load resistance. A passive PMC with a simple structure and high energy storage efficiency is designed based on this TENG‐UDS, which is made up of all passive electronic components, including an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor. Theoretical calculations show that the theoretical energy storage efficiency of the passive PMC can reach 75.8%. In the actual experiment of charging a capacitor, the measured energy storage efficiency can reach 48.0%. It is demonstrated that the electronic watch and high‐brightness quantum dot light‐emitting diode can be driven by using the TENG‐UDS with the passive PMC, which cannot be achieved without the PMC. The passive PMC for TENG‐UDS has the advantages of simple structure, low energy consumption, and high energy storage efficiency, which provides a promising method for the power management and practical application of TENG.
Surface Modulation of Hierarchical MoS2 Nanosheets by Ni Single Atoms for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Yu Le , Chen Tao , Zhou Wei , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSurface modulation at the atomic level is an important approach for tuning surface chemistry and boosting the catalytic performance. Here, a surface modulation strategy is demonstrated through the decoration of isolated Ni atoms onto the basal plane of hierarchical MoS2 nanosheets supported on multichannel carbon nanofibers for boosted hydrogen evolution activity. X‐ray absorption fine structure investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveal that the MoS2 surface decorated with isolated Ni atoms displays highly strengthened H binding. Benefiting from the unique tubular structure and basal plane modulation, the newly developed MoS2 catalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution activity and stability. This single‐atom modification strategy opens up new avenues for tuning the intrinsic catalytic activity toward electrocatalytic water splitting and other energy‐related processes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of Azaarylmethylamines with Vinyl Halides
Authors: Duan Shengzu , Li Minyan , Ma Xueqiong , Chen Wen , Li Liang , Zhang Hongbin , Yang Xiaodong , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA general and versatile alkenylation protocol for the synthesis of vinyl‐azaarylmethylamines has been developed. Enabled by a palladium/NIXANTPHOS catalyst, this protocol provides efficient access to a large variety of N‐heterocycles bearing allylic amines in up to 98% yield. A wide variety of azaarylmethylamines bearing 2‐pyridylmethyl, 4‐pyridylmethyl, 2‐(aminomethyl)quinoline aryl motifs and diverse 5 to 7 membered cyclic amines were well tolerated. A gram scale reaction was also used to demonstrate the scalability. This method can be readily adopted by medicinal chemists to prepare valuable scaffolds that were previously difficult to access.magnified image
C‐Glycosyl Styrene Type Compounds by Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Anhydro‐Aldose Tosylhydrazones with Benzyl Bromides
Authors: Kaszás Tímea , Tóth Marietta , Langer Peter , Somsák László 
Published: October 2018

AbstractC‐Glycopyranosyl styrene type compounds are valuable synthetic intermediates whose syntheses are known in rather lengthy procedures. Herein palladium‐catalyzed cross‐couplings of O‐peracylated 2,6‐anhydro‐aldose tosylhydrazones with benzyl bromides were studied under thermic conditions in the presence of LiOtBu. The reactions gave the corresponding C‐glycopyranosyl styrenes in up to 59% yields. The transformations represent a new, short synthetic sequence to get this type of glycomimetic compounds in 4–5 steps from a free aldose.magnified image
Understanding the Role of Lithium Doping in Reducing Nonradiative Loss in Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Fang Zhishan , He Haiping , Gan Lu , Li Jing , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdding alkali metal into lead halide perovskites has recently been demonstrated as an effective strategy for reducing nonradiative loss. However, the suggested role of the alkali metal is usually limited to surface passivation, and the semiconductor doping effect is rarely discussed. Here, the mechanism of lithium doping in the photocarrier recombination in solution‐processed methylammonium lead halide films is investigated by photoluminescence and photoelectron spectroscopies. It is demonstrated that lithium doping weakens the electron–phonon coupling and acts as donor in perovskites, which provide solid evidence that lithium enters the lattice rather than just in the surface region. The n‐type doping creates free electrons to fill the trap states in both the bulk and surface regions, leading to suppressed trapping of photocarriers and reduces nonradiative recombination.
Fast Na‐Ion Intercalation in Zinc Vanadate for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Huang Haijian , Kundu Dipan , Yan Runyu , Tervoort Elena , Chen Xi , Pan Long , Oschatz Martin , Antonietti Markus , Niederberger Markus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNa‐ion hybrid capacitors are an emerging class of inexpensive and sustainable devices that combine the high energy of batteries with the high power of capacitors. However, their development is strongly impeded by a limited choice of electrode materials that display good electrochemical kinetics and long‐term cyclability. Here, a reduced graphene oxide–Zn0.25V2O5·nH2O nanobelt composite is introduced as a high power anode for Na‐ion batteries and Na‐ion hybrid capacitors. The composite material possesses fast Na‐ion intercalation kinetics, high electronic conductivity, and small volume change during Na‐ion storage, which lead to outstanding rate capability and cycling stability in half‐cell tests. Pairing it with a hard salt–templated, highly ordered mesoporous carbon as a high‐performance capacitive cathode results in a Na‐ion hybrid capacitor, which delivers a high energy density (88.7 Wh kg−1 at 223 W kg−1), a high power density (12552 W kg−1 with 13.2 Wh kg−1 retained), and an impressive cycling performance (31.7 Wh kg−1 (i.e., 87%) retained after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1). This work explores zinc vanadate, a typical example of a layered metal vanadate, as an intercalation anode material with high pseudocapacitance for Na‐ion hybrid capacitors, which may open a promising direction for high‐rate Na‐ion storage.
Recent advances of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: Future treatment perspectives
Authors: Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Mukohyama Junko , Arimoto Akira , Tanaka Tomoko , Yamamoto Masashi , Matsuda Yoshiko , Kanaji Shingo , Nakamura Tetsu , Sumi Yasuo , Suzuki Satoshi , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been widely used as a multidisciplinary approach for stage II/III rectal cancer. However, its safety and efficacy are controversial because previous studies have shown conflicting outcomes. The present review aimed to elucidate the benefits and limitations of nCRT for patients with rectal cancer. Future perspectives of nCRT are also described. No recent randomized trials have been able to show a survival benefit, although many studies have demonstrated good local control with the use of fluoropyrimidine (e.g. 5‐fluorouracil [FU] or capecitabine)‐based nCRT. Addition of oxaliplatin (OX) to FU‐based nCRT might improve overall survival by preventing distant metastasis, as shown in recent meta‐analyses. However, control of adverse effects is an important concern with this treatment. New treatment strategies such as nonoperative management (watch and wait policy) and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) are promising, but the establishment of reliable diagnostic methods of metastasis is essential. Development of new biomarkers is also necessary to select patients who are more likely to benefit from nCRT.
Dietary inferences through stable isotope analysis at the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the southern Caucasus (sixth to first millenium BC, Azerbaijan): From environmental adaptation to social impacts
Authors: Herrscher Estelle , Poulmarc'h Modwene , Pecqueur Laure , Jovenet Elsa , Benecke Norbert , Decaix Alexia , Lyonnet Bertille , Guliyev Farhad , André Guy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesSubsistence strategies are of great interest for understanding how prehistoric societies adapted to their environment. This is particularly the case for the southern Caucasus where relationships have been shown with the northern Caucasus and Mesopotamia since the Neolithic and where societies are alternately described as sedentary and mobile. This article aims, for the first time, to characterize human diets and their evolution using biochemical markers, from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age (sixth‐first millenium BC), at Mentesh Tepe, a site in the middle Kura valley in Azerbaijan.Materials and MethodsThe data set belongs to 40 humans, 32 domestic and wild animals, and 42 charred seeds discovered in situ and perfectly dated. Stable isotope analyses were performed, including (a) δ13Cco and δ15N for animal and human bone collagens and for seeds, and (b) δ13Cap for human bone apatite.ResultsAlmost all the data (25/31) suggest an increased contribution of cereals, lentils, and freshwater fish during the Neolithic, whereas afterwards, until the Late Bronze Age, all individuals consumed more animal proteins from their livestock. None of the biological criteria (age at death and sex) and burial types (mass/single graves) were found to be related to a specific diet over time. Comparisons with other isotopic data from contemporary sites in Georgia argue in favor of a wide variety of dietary sources in the vicinity of the Kura valley and for highly mobile populations. Clear evidence of millet consumption has only been found for the Late Bronze Age.
A Neandertal foot phalanx from the Galería de las Estatuas site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Pablos Adrián , Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , Arsuaga Juan Luis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe Galería de las Estatuas site (GE), a new Mousterian site at the Sierra de Atapuerca site complex (Spain), has revealed a Late Pleistocene detrital sequence with at least five lithostratigraphic units. These units have yielded evidence of Mousterian occupations with sporadic carnivore activity, and have provided datings of 80–112 ka BP using single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence. This places the sequence at the end of MIS5 and beginning of the MIS4. We described here a complete adult human distal foot phalanx (GE‐1573) recovered during the 2017 field season in the interface between lithostratigraphic units 3 and 4 (107–112 ka BP) in the GE‐I test pit.Materials and methodThis phalanx (GE‐1573) probably corresponds to the fifth toe from the right side due to the medial deviation of the distal tuberosity. We compared the metric variables of this phalanx to several fossil and recent Homo samples.ResultsNeandertals display foot phalanges that are broader and more robust than those of recent humans. Despite the scarcity of well‐identified distal phalanges in the Homo fossil record, the GE‐1573 phalanx is broad, long and robust when compared with recent and Upper Paleolithic modern humans.DiscussionThese traits, which align the GE‐1573 foot phalanx with the Neandertal morphology, are consistent with the stratigraphic context, likely corresponding to one of the oldest Late Neandertals found inland on the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, it provides the first evidence of a Neandertal human fossil in a stratigraphic context in the Sierra de Atapuerca.
Processable Surface Modification of Nickel‐Heteroatom (N, S) Bridge Sites for Promoted Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Yibing , Tan Xin , Chen Sheng , Bo Xin , Ren Hangjuan , Smith Sean C. , Zhao Chuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNickel‐heteroatoms bridge sites are important reaction descriptors for many catalytic and electrochemical processes. Herein we report the controllable surface modification of nickel–nitrogen (Ni−N) bridge sites on metallic Ni particles via a simplified vapor‐assisted treatment approach. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Operando Raman spectroscopy verifies the interaction between Ni and surface‐anchored N, which leads to distorted Ni lattice structure with improved wettability. The Ni−N bridge sites with appropriate N coverage level plays a critical role in the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the optimized electrode (Ni−N0.19) has demonstrated superior HER performances with low overpotential merely of 42 mV for achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2, as well as favorable reaction kinetics and excellent durability in alkaline electrolyte. DFT calculations revealed that the appropriate N‐coverage level can lead to the most favorable ΔGH* kinetics for both adsorption of H* and release of H2, while high N coverage (Ni−N0.59) results in weaker H* adsorption, thus a decreased HER activity, corresponding well to our experimental observations. Furthermore, this generic synthetic approach can also be applied to prepare S‐modified Ni HER catalyst by generating hydrogen sulfide vapor.