bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a tool to assess patient satisfaction, waiting times, healthcare utilization, and cost
Authors: Eubank Breda H. , Lafave Mark R. , Mohtadi Nicholas G. , Sheps David M. , Wiley J. Preston 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aim
Patients’ experience of the quality of care received throughout their continuum of care can be used to direct quality improvement efforts in areas where they are most needed. This study aims to establish validity and reliability of the Healthcare Access and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (HAPSQ) – a tool that collects patients’ experience that quantifies aspect of care used to make judgments about quality from the perspective of the Alberta Quality Matrix for Health (AQMH).

Background
The AQMH is a framework that can be used to assess and compare the quality of care in different healthcare settings. The AQMH provides a common language, understanding, and approach to assessing quality. The HAPSQ is one tool that is able to assess quality of care according to five of six AQMH’s dimensions.

Methods
This was a prospective methodologic study. Between March and October 2015, a convenience sample of patients presenting with chronic full-thickness rotator cuff tears was recruited prospectively from the University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Reliability of the HAPSQ was assessed using test–retest reliability [interclass correlation coefficient (ICC)>0.70]. Validity was assessed through content validity (patient interviews, floor and ceiling effects), criterion validity (percent agreement >70%), and construct validity (hypothesis testing).

Findings
Reliability testing was completed on 70 patients; validity testing occurred on 96 patients. The mean duration of symptoms was three years (SD: 5.0, range: 0.1–29). Only out-of-pocket utilization possessed an ICC<0.70. Patients reported that items were relevant and appropriate to measuring quality of care. No floor or ceiling effects were present. Criterion validity was reached for all items assessed. A priori hypotheses were confirmed. The HAPSQ represents an inexpensive, reliable, and valid approach toward collecting clinical information across a patient’s continuum of care.
Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) has potential as an interseeded cover crop
Authors: Wortman Sam E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInterseeding provides flexibility in cover crop establishment, but most cover crop species are not well-adapted to the duration of low-intensity light beneath the cash crop canopy. Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) has physiological seed dormancy traits and its emergence pattern may be better synchronized with cash crop senescence. The objective of this study was to demonstrate proof-of-concept for using pennycress as an interseeded cover crop. A 2-year field experiment was conducted where cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), mustard (Guillenia flavescens L.) or pennycress were interseeded into edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 1 month after planting. Rye and mustard emerged within 6 days, whereas pennycress emergence was delayed up to 56 days after interseeding. Pennycress provided 37–57% soil cover in fall and produced 0.4–2.5 Mg ha−1 biomass the following spring. Preliminary results demonstrate the utility of pennycress as an interseeded cover crop and the potential value of seed dormancy traits in interseeding systems.
On the Method used by Milne in the Construction of the Carlisle Table of Mortality
Authors: Sutton William 
Published: June 2019

Although the Carlisle Table of Mortality, constructed by the late Mr. Milne from certain tabulated facts given by Dr. Heysham, has for many years played an important part in life assurance calculations, I have not been able to find that anyone has taken the trouble to compare the original facts with the Carlisle Table as given to the world by Mr. Milne. This has probably arisen from the somewhat vague manner in which the methods employed are described in Milne's well-known treatise. For many matters, probably, this once-famous mortality table will in the future be supplanted by the Institute's tables published a few years ago; but it is still worthy of some attention, and I therefore make no further apology for bringing this short note before the readers of the Journal.In Art. 705 (p. 410) of vol. ii of his Treatise, Milne says:— “ Table II ” [being the Carlisle Table, as known to actuaries], “ exhibiting the law of mortality at Carlisle, has been constructed “ from Tables A and C of the last article, by the methods laid “ down from Art. 174 to 183; except that, between the ages of “ 100 and 105 years, the decrements of life are greater than they “ should be, according to the formula of Art. 177. * * * * * “ The population of Carlisle is too small to afford a sufficient “ number of facts for determining the law of mortality with “ accuracy, after the age of 100. * * * * I have therefore “ assumed the annual decrements after the age of 100, as they “ appear in the table, somewhat arbitrarily, so as to fix the limit “ of life at 105 years.”
Observations on the Graduation of Mortality Tables; with special reference to the Conditions under which certain Methods are to be preferred
Authors: Sorley James 
Published: June 2019

The subject of Graduation has recently been brought somewhat prominently before the profession in connection with the exposition of various methods that have been proposed. While the bases of these individual methods have been set forth in a way leaving nothing to be desired, the precise relation of each to the entire problem of the adjustment of probabilities derived from statistics, does not appear to have been so clearly marked out; and therefore, in the following observations, it is proposed to keep prominently in view the conditions under which one method is to be preferred to another.An intelligent outsider, desirous of becoming acquainted with the actuarial theory of graduation, might, if he overlooked the necessarily limited application of particular systems, derive from his researches an impression of disagreement among the various authorities, which would have a rather bewildering effect.
The Position of the Insurance Press in relation to Insurance Offices and Insurance Interests
Authors: Walford Cornelius 
Published: June 2019

I think the time has arrived when the subject indicated in the title of this paper may be fairly and fully considered. It is certainly one which must frequently have presented itself to the managerial mind; and there can be no reason why this question should not be discussed with as much philosophic calmness as any of the many theoretical problems, or points in practice, which continually present themselves for reflection, and perchance for decision.The point may indeed arise—whether I am the proper person to introduce the topic. I take the individual responsibility of deciding in the affirmative. I have, on the one hand, been as frequently assailed by the insurance press, as any one, and, on the other, received as much kindness and friendly recognition as any man can desire, and more than I claim to deserve. It may be that in either case the extreme has been reached, or passed. I have the advantage of having been a writer upon the press, insurance and general, from the days of my youth, and I say at once that my sympathies are largely on that side. But I think that the familiarity which draws me to the side of its virtues, also renders me, at least in some degree, cognizant of its short-comings. I have the further advantage of having been on various occasions consulted by managers on the one hand, and by editors on the other, upon the points which I now proceed to discuss.
Transgressive segregation and maternal genetic effects of non–target site fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance in Zoysia spp.
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Kenworthy Kevin E. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Unruh J. Bryan , Trenholm Laurie E. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractZoysia germplasm exhibit different levels of sensitivity to fluazifop-P-butyl, but the genetic factors responsible for such differences are unknown. Segregation patterns of the fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance trait were studied under greenhouse conditions. In total, 244 F1 lines were generated from multiple crosses between the tolerant line 5337-2 (non–target site tolerance) and three more-sensitive lines (123, 252, and 5330-23). Progeny segregation showed that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance within zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is expressed as a quantitative trait with a wide range of intermediate phenotypes between parental phenotypes. Transgressive segregation was extensive and largely favored susceptibility in most families, but was especially evident for 5337-2 × 123 and 5337-2 × 5330-23. The segregation patterns for biomass reduction and percent injury were different within reciprocal crosses and among three different family crosses. Reciprocal effects were observed in growth reduction for 5337-2 × 5330-23, in percent injury at 3 wk after the treatment (WAT), and for 5337-2 × 252 at 6 WAT. This indicated that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance was not completely controlled by nuclear genetic factors in 5337-2 and maternal/cytoplasmic inheritance was also partially responsible. These results suggested that fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance may be attributed to multiple genetic mechanisms, which could present a challenge for future breeding efforts because of the difficulty of fixing multiple traits within a breeding population.
Velocity Weakening of Simulated Augite Gouge at Hydrothermal Conditions: Implications for Frictional Slip of Pyroxene‐Bearing Mafic Lower Crust
Authors: Tian Ping , He Changrong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo understand the velocity‐weakening behavior of pyroxene as a major constituent in mafic rocks under hydrothermal conditions, we employed augite (clinopyroxene, (Ca0.577Na0.110Mn0.004Mg0.886Fe2+0.193Fe3+0.037AlVI0.173Ti0.019)[AlIV0.137Si1.863O6]) as simulated gouge sample material to run velocity stepping sliding tests at temperatures of 101–607 °C, confining pressure of 127 MPa with 30 MPa pore pressure and axial loading rates of 0.04–1.0 μm/s. The friction coefficient was found to range from 0.71 to 0.73 with no systematic temperature dependence. Velocity‐weakening behavior occurred at temperatures above 203 °C, with low velocity dependence or (b‐a) value around 0.0012, corresponding to b/a values of 1.15–1.18. Inferred b values in the rate and state friction laws exhibited an increasing trend with temperature increase from ~0.0056 to ~0.0098 up to 403 °C, indicating activation of Arrhenius‐type creep at the frictional contacts. Microstructural observations on deformed samples show ubiquitous precipitated particles suggesting intergranular pressure solution, and no evidence for deformation by crystalline plasticity was observed. This fact, together with the comparison between experimental data and model prediction, suggests that the process of intergranular pressure solution at frictional contacts may have governed the evolution effect for augite. The minor velocity weakening of augite combined with previous data on plagioclase is consistent with the modest velocity weakening seen in mafic rocks, such as quartz‐free oceanic basalt. Such a minor velocity‐weakening property tends to favor slow slip events on the downdip portion of the subduction interface below currently locked seismogenic zones, such as in southwestern Japan, northern Cascadia, and Mexico.
Response of Extreme Precipitating Cell Structures to Atmospheric Warming
Authors: Lochbihler Kai , Lenderink Geert , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith increasing temperatures, it is likely that precipitation extremes increase as well. While, on larger spatial and longer temporal scales, the amplification of rainfall extremes often follows the Clausius‐Clapeyron relation, it has been shown that local short‐term convective precipitation extremes may well exceed the Clausius‐Clapeyron rate of around 6.5%/K. Most studies on this topic have focused exclusively on the intensity aspect, while only few have examined (with contradictory results) how warmer and moister conditions modulate the spatial characteristics of convective precipitation extremes and how these connect to increased intensities. Here we study this relation by using a large eddy simulation model. We simulate one diurnal cycle of heavy convective precipitation activity based on a realistic observation‐based strongly forced case setup. Systematically perturbed initial conditions of temperature and specific humidity enable an examination of the response of intensities and spatial characteristics of the precipitation field over an 8° dew point temperature range. We find that warmer and moister conditions result in an overall increase of both intensities and spatial extent of individual rain cells. Colder conditions favor the development of many but smaller rain cells. Under warmer conditions, we find a reduced number of individual cells, but their size significantly grows along with an increase of intensities over a large part of a rain cell. Combined, these factors lead to larger and more intense rain cells that can produce up to almost 20% more rain per degree warming and therefore have a large impact.
Groundwater Flow Under a Paleo‐Ice Stream of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and Its Implications for the Formation of Stargard Drumlin Field, NW Poland
Authors: Hermanowski Piotr , Piotrowski Jan A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSubglacial groundwater flow was an integral part of glaciological systems of past ice sheets, but its impact on the origin of active‐ice landforms remains unexplored. Using numerical experiments, we attempt to constrain groundwater flow dynamics under a major paleo‐ice stream of the southern Scandinavian Ice Sheet and its impact on the formation of the Stargard drumlin field. Flow models show a total reorganization of groundwater dynamics under the advancing ice stream to a depth of up to ~200 m. A mosaic of intervening groundwater recharge and discharge areas originates, whereby the same areas may experience multiple shifts in flow directions. A prominent time‐ and space‐transgressive pressure pump recharges groundwater in a subglacial zone up to about 20 km within the ice margin and discharges it in front of the ice sheet. The simulated groundwater flow pattern suggests that drumlins occupying a portion of the ice stream area occur preferentially where groundwater upwells and discharges at the ice/bed interface. Consistent with the geological composition, a possible drumlin‐forming mechanism involves an excess of pressurized water under the ice reducing the strength of the subglacial deposits and facilitating glacial erosion, erosion by turbulent meltwater flows or both, streamlining antecedent deposits into drumlin shapes. This study emphasizes the importance of causal feedback between subglacial groundwater flow and the ice sheet dynamics and suggests an impact of the former on the formation of streamlined subglacial landforms in general.
Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of MIB and Geosmin Metabolites by Bacteria in a Eutrophic Reservoir
Authors: Clercin Nicolas A. , Druschel Gregory K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOccurrences of odorous bacterial metabolites, 2‐methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM), in drinking water supply reservoirs are considered as a nuisance by the water industry and a source of complaints from customers. In Eagle Creek Reservoir, routine monitoring programs of MIB and GSM highlight intense odorous outbreaks during the spring season when high inflow discharges occur. Cyanobacteria have always been assumed to be source of these metabolites even if no known producers are present in raw water. A copper‐based algaecide is often used to terminate the metabolite production and the algal growth in the reservoir. The current study was designed to investigate and identify other biological sources involved in the biosynthesis of MIB and GSM metabolites as well as environmental factors that could be important triggers for the growth of bacterial producers. The community structure of the bacterioplankton was determined using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, which showed that not only Cyanobacteria but Actinobacteria also were involved in the reservoir internal production. Planktothrix species was identified as the main source of GSM (p < 0.001) while Streptomyces (Actinobacteria) was very likely responsible of MIB (p < 0.01). Application of an algaecide disrupted GSM and the growth of Planktothrix but was less effective against MIB and Streptomyces. Statistical analyses revealed that MIB‐ and GSM‐causing bacteria were found abundant when the water was enriched with nitrogen, temperature cooler, and the water column mixed.
Rapid and Accurate Estimates of Streamflow Depletion Caused by Groundwater Pumping Using Analytical Depletion Functions
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Gleeson Tom , Kerr Ben , Howard Jeanette K. , Rohde Melissa M. , Carah Jennifer , Zimmerman Julie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReductions in streamflow due to groundwater pumping (“streamflow depletion”) can negatively impact water users and aquatic ecosystems but are challenging to estimate due to the time and expertise required to develop numerical models often used for water management. Here we develop analytical depletion functions, which are simpler approaches consisting of (i) stream proximity criteria, which determine the stream segments impacted by a well; (ii) a depletion apportionment equation, which distributes depletion among impacted stream segments; and (iii) an analytical model to estimate streamflow depletion in each segment. We evaluate 50 analytical depletion functions via comparison to an archetypal numerical model and find that analytical depletion functions predict streamflow depletion more accurately than analytical models alone. The choice of a depletion apportionment equation has the largest impact on analytical depletion function performance and equations that consider stream network geometry perform best. The best‐performing analytical depletion function combines stream proximity criteria which expand through time to account for the increasing size of the capture zone; a web squared depletion apportionment equation, which considers stream geometry; and the Hunt analytical model, which includes streambed resistance to flow. This analytical depletion function correctly identifies the stream segment most affected by a well >70% of the time with mean absolute error < 15% of predicted depletion and performs best for wells in relatively flat settings within ~3 km of streams. Our results indicate that analytical depletion functions may be useful water management decision support tools in locations where calibrated numerical models are not available.
Ice‐Free Radiative Convection Drives Spring Mixing in a Large Lake
Authors: Cannon D. J. , Troy C. D. , Liao Q. , Bootsma H. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work we highlight the importance of radiative convection as a mixing mechanism in a large, ice‐free lake (Lake Michigan, USA), where solar heating of waters below the temperature of maximum density drives vertical convection during the vernal turnover. Measurements taken over a 2‐week period at a 55‐m deep site demonstrate the ability of radiative convection to mix the entire water column. Observations show a diurnal cycle in which solar heating drives a steady deepening of the convective mixed layer throughout the day (dHCML/dt = 12.8 m/hr), followed by surface‐cooling‐induced restratification during the night. Radiative convection is linked to a dramatic enhancement in turbulence characteristics, including both turbulent kinetic energy dissipation (ϵ: 10−9–10−7 W/kg) and turbulent scalar diffusivity (Kz: 10−3–10−1 m2/s), suggesting that radiative convection plays a major role in driving vertical mixing throughout the water column during the isothermal spring.
First‐Principles Determination of the Dissociation Phase Boundary of Phase H MgSiO4H2
Authors: Tsuchiya Jun , Umemoto Koichiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhase H (MgSiO4H2) is considered an important carrier of water into the lower mantle by the subduction of slabs. This phase has been reported to decompose into H2O ice VII and MgSiO3 bridgmanite under pressure. However, the dissociation phase boundary under the mantle pressure and temperature conditions has not been determined thus far. In this work, the dissociation phase boundary of phase H is determined by the calculation of Gibbs free energy of H2O ice VII. The stability field of phase H is found to be significantly extended from 52 to 62 GPa by the inclusion of zero‐point vibrational energy. Phase H decomposes into MgSiO3 bridgmanite and H2O ice VII at approximately 60 GPa (at ∼1000 K). This result indicates that the transportation of water by dense hydrous magnesium silicates may be terminated at a depth of approximately 1,500 km in the middle of the lower mantle in a pure Mg‐endmember composition.
MAVEN‐IUVS Observations of the CO2+ UV Doublet and CO Cameron Bands in the Martian Thermosphere: Aeronomy, Seasonal, and Latitudinal Distribution
Authors: Gérard J.‐C. , Gkouvelis L. , Ritter B. , Hubert B. , Jain S. K. , Schneider N. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe analyze two Martian years of dayglow measurements of the CO Cameron bands and the CO2+ ultraviolet doublet (UVD) at 298–299 nm with the Imaging UltraViolet Spectrograph on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) orbiter. We show that the altitude and the brightness of the two emissions peaks are strongly correlated, although data were collected over a wide range of latitudes and seasons. Averaged limb profiles are presented and compared with numerical simulations based on updated calculations of the production of the CO (a3Π) and the CO2+ (B 2Σ) states. The model simulations use the solar flux directly measured on board MAVEN with the Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor and the neutral densities provided by the Mars Climate Database version 5.3, adapted to the conditions of the observations. We show that the altitude and the shape of the sample limb profiles are well reproduced using the Mars Climate Database neutral atmosphere. The simulated peak intensities of the CO2+ UVD and Cameron bands are in good agreement considering the uncertainties on the excitation cross sections and the calibration of the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) and Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor instruments. No significant adjustment of the electron impact cross section on CO2 to produce the a3Π state is needed. Seasonal‐latitudinal maps of the Cameron and UVD peak altitude observed during two Martian years show variations as large as 23 km. Model simulations of the amplitude of these changes are in fair agreement with the observations except during the southern summer dust period (Ls = 270–320°) when the calculated rise of the dayglow layer is underestimated.
Spatial sampling of terahertz fields with sub-wavelength accuracy via probe-beam encoding
Authors: Zhao Jiapeng , E Yiwen , Williams Kaia , Zhang Xi-Cheng , Boyd Robert W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, computational sampling methods have been implemented to spatially characterize terahertz (THz) fields. Previous methods usually rely on either specialized THz devices such as THz spatial light modulators or complicated systems requiring assistance from photon-excited free carriers with high-speed synchronization among multiple optical beams. Here, by spatially encoding an 800-nm near-infrared (NIR) probe beam through the use of an optical SLM, we demonstrate a simple sampling approach that can probe THz fields with a single-pixel camera. This design does not require any dedicated THz devices, semiconductors or nanofilms to modulate THz fields. Using computational algorithms, we successfully measure 128 × 128 field distributions with a 62-μm transverse spatial resolution, which is 15 times smaller than the central wavelength of the THz signal (940 μm). Benefitting from the non-invasive nature of THz radiation and sub-wavelength resolution of our system, this simple approach can be used in applications such as biomedical sensing, inspection of flaws in industrial products, and so on.