bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity-Index Behavior for Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs Depleted by Constant Production Rate Considering Transient-State and Semisteady-State Conditions
Authors: Al-Rbeawi Salam 
Published: April 2018

Summary
This paper introduces a new approach for studying productivity-index (PI) behavior of fractured oil and gas reservoirs during transient-and pseudosteady-state conditions. This approach focuses on the fact that PI derivative could vanish at a certain production time, indicating the beginning of pseudosteady state, wherein the PI demonstrates constant value. The reservoirs in this study are considered depleted by horizontal wells intersecting multiple hydraulic fractures where Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow may control flow patterns in the porous media. The PI is calculated assuming constant production rate and considering pressure profile for early- and intermediate-production time when transient condition dominates fluid flow and late-production time when pseudosteady state is reached.
The outcomes of this study can be summarized as understanding PI behavior at early- and intermediate-production time when transient flow is dominant in the porous media and late-production time when pseudosteady-state condition is reached; indicating the effect of reservoir configuration on PI and the time when this index approaches constant value; and introducing a study for the influence of non-Darcy flow in the PI.
The most-interesting points in this study are the following. First, that PI reaches constant value when the rates of change with time for the two pressure drops—transient and pseudosteady state—are equal. Second, the time for approaching constant PI in a small drainage area is faster than for a large area. Third, that PI is affected by non-Darcy flow at early- and intermediate-production time; however, the effect is not seen at late-production time. Last, that PI could exhibit constant behavior for severe non-Darcy flow at early- and intermediate-production times even though transient-state condition dominates fluid flow in the porous media.
Predicting Sucker-Rod Pumping Systems With Fourier Series
Authors: Chen Zengshi , White Luther W. , Zhang Huimin 
Published: April 2018

Summary
The Fourier-series method (FSM) is used to solve the prediction problems of sucker-rod pumping systems. With the displacement and load at any point of the rod string, by means of FSM, the displacement and load at any other point of the rod string are obtained. With no need of pump models, FSM easily predicts various pumping conditions that are challenges to the conventional prediction methods. As for prediction, FSM is valuable to the design, selection, installation, and operation of sucker-rod pumping systems. As for diagnostics, the surface cards generated by FSM can be used as characteristic surface cards for diagnosis of the sucker-rod pumping systems in situations when only the surface cards are available. FSM is also a convenient method to generate surface cards for pump-diagnostic emulators in the laboratory environment.
Consequence Quantification of Barrier System Failures in Permanently Plugged and Abandoned Wells
Authors: Ford Eric , Moeinikia Fatemeh , Majoumerd Mohammad Mansouri , Lohne Hans Petter , Arild Øystein 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Plug & abandonment (P&A) regulations on the Norwegian continental shelf are largely prescriptive, since the same requirements are applied irrespective of well conditions. A risk-based approach on the other hand, is a well-specific approach to assess the quality of a given plug and abandonment design solution. Probability of leakage and consequence, in the form of leakage rates to the environment, should be quantified for permanently plugged and abandoned wells in a risk-based approach.
To address the consequence aspect of a risk-based approach, a tool for quantitative leakage assessment is essentially needed. This should cover all leakage pathways for reservoir fluids to the environment, i.e. leakage through the well and leakage outside the well through the surrounding formation. The integrity of the cement barrier could be weakened as a result of e.g. poor slurry design, tensile stresses and shrinkage, creating leakage pathways through the bulk cement, cracks and micro-annuli along cement interfaces. As for the surrounding formation, geological features such as faults and fractures, as well as the sealing ability of the cap rock, are important factors to consider from a barrier integrity perspective. Fractures or faults might intersect a permeable formation at a shallow depth, potentially enabling reservoir fluids to migrate into the wellbore or to the seabed.
The authors have developed a leakage assessment simulator, to quantify leakage rates for permanently plugged and abandoned wells. The structure and models incorporated in the preliminary version of the simulator, covering only leakage pathways through the wellbore, was previously presented in SPE-185890-MS.
The current study builds on the previous paper by also accounting for leakage scenarios outside the well through the surrounding formation. The structure of the leakage assessment simulator is also presented in this paper. Additionally, features that may significantly reduce leakage rates, such as barite plug are addressed. A synthetic case is presented where leakage rate is estimated for two scenarios, a) leakage through the well only and b) leakage through the well and the surrounding formation.
Nonintrusive Determination of Top of Cement and Wellbore Blockage Depth Using Pressure Wave Analysis
Authors: Stewart Neil , Jack Graham 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Current methods for determining the depth to the top of cement (TOC), blockages, or wellbore features are limited to intrusive applications that require a significant amount of associated time, equipment, risk, and cost. This is a long-standing challenge to operators, particularly when critical decisions need to be made to promptly verify downhole status or remediate flow restrictions to restore production. This paper details a systematic, comprehensive, and proven solution to these challenges using pressure wave analysis.
The method is based on analyzing the return reflections generated by a pressure wave transiting the well to and from the blockage location. By capturing high-resolution pressure measurement on an ultrahigh-speed logger, the generated pressure wave can be recorded for analysis. Applying acoustic velocity gradient modeling in conjunction with effects of the well and fluid medium, the distance from the recording location to the blockage can be accurately determined without the use of intrusive or localized external tools.
This work shows that the method theory is substantiated by results observed when used during a controlled full-scale field trial in addition to subsequent activities to locate blockages and features within actual wells. A case study is presented demonstrating that the method can be used to identify where a blockage or feature is located. The theoretical method for calculation of acoustic velocity for known system and fluid parameters is shown to be accurate within tolerances compared to the acoustic velocity obtained in the field by recording the time of flight between two known points. It is demonstrated that blockages can be detected to a level of accuracy up to 0.3% of system length, verified by comparison with known measured well construction details.
The method presented significantly differentiates itself from traditional depth determination systems and applications. It can provide information with a repeatable and verified level of accuracy without the need for costly and time-consuming intrusive intervention, which allows operators the opportunity to target remediation work in the most efficient and cost-effective manner.
Assessing equity: a way to improve sanitation service delivery in South African informal settlements
Authors: Pan S. M. , Armitage N. P. , van Ryneveld M. B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses the need to incorporate equity assessment into the planning and monitoring of sanitation service delivery to South African informal settlements. Equity assessment criteria were drawn from literature and a study of sanitation service delivery to informal settlements in three South African municipalities (Cape Town, Johannesburg and eThekwini) over the period 2012–2015. Three key dimensions of equity – resource allocation, access and stakeholder perceptions – were identified. These had eight associated criteria: (1) funds allocated for basic sanitation, (2) number of staff allocated to informal settlements, (3) disparities in access, (4) proportion of functioning sanitation facilities, (5) menstrual hygiene management (MHM) inclusion, (6) access to information, (7) meets users' notions of dignity, and (8) integration of the perspectives of key stakeholders. Key findings of the study indicate that the current focus on reducing service backlogs largely ignores equity and there is a need to better address this through the incorporation of: equity assessments, improving access to information, and the inclusion of marginalised communities in the planning of sanitation services.
The effect of the mixing of water from different sources in the water supply system on tap water quality – a full-scale technical investigation case study
Authors: Szuster-Janiaczyk A. , Bylka J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a detailed analysis of the quality of water pumped into a network and sampled from 39 monitoring points located on the network. A difference in the quality of water sampled from two different sources was demonstrated, as well as the impact of the mixing of the two waters in the water distribution system (WDS) on tap water quality. A mathematical model was used to identify the zones of water mixing and the areas of unfavourable hydraulic conditions (low flow rates and long retention times).
Performance and adsorption mechanism of a magnetic calcium silicate hydrate composite for phosphate removal and recovery
Authors: Peng Lihong , Dai Hongliang , Wu Yifeng , Dai Zheqin , Li Xiang , Lu Xiwu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A novel magnetic calcium silicate hydrate composite (Fe3O4@CSH) was proposed for phosphorus (P) removal and recovery from a synthetic phosphate solution, facilitated by a magnetic separation technique. The Fe3O4@CSH material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta-potential and magnetic curves. The chemical composition and structure of Fe3O4@CSH and the successful surface loading of hydroxyl functional groups were confirmed. Phosphate adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic experiments showed that adsorption reaches equilibrium at 24 h, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 55.84 mg P/g under optimized experimental conditions. Adsorption kinetics fitted well to the pseudo second-order model, and equilibrium data fit the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis provided a positive value for ΔH° (129.84 KJ/mol) and confirmed that phosphate adsorption on these materials is endothermic. The P-laden Fe3O4@CSH materials could be rapidly separated from aqueous solution by a magnetic separation technique within 1 min. A removal rate of more than 60% was still obtained after eight adsorption/desorption cycles, demonstrating the excellent reusability of the particles. The results demonstrated that the Fe3O4@CSH materials had high P-adsorption efficiency and were reusable.
Flipped Learning: Can Rheumatology Lead the Shift in Medical Education?
Authors: El-Miedany Yaseer , El-Gaafary Maha , El-Aroussy Nadia , Youssef Sally 
Published: April 2018

Objective: To 1. implement flipped classroom rheumatology teaching for undergraduate
education. 2. Evaluate outcomes of teaching using OSCE assessment and student perceived effectiveness
and satisfaction survey.

Methods:
The flipped classroom education, 55-students, was conducted in 3 phases. Phase 1: Carried
out in the students’ own time. Web links were emailed to assist exposure of the instructional
part of the lesson online. Phase 2: Interactive in-class activity to share personal reflection and reinforce
the key aspects. Phase 3: A simulated OSCE assessment. A cohort of 56-students, who were
taught in the last educational year on the same topics according to standard teaching protocols,
were included as control group. The clinical Outcomes were assessed using the scores of the OSCE
examination model. Academic outcomes included the engagement measure as well as the students’
answers to perceived effectiveness and satisfaction survey.

Results:
There was no significant difference regarding demographics between the 2 students’
groups. There was a significant improvement (p< 0.05) in the flipped learning, in contrast to the
control group, in terms of clinical (OSCE score) as well as communication skills. Student perceived
effectiveness and satisfaction was significantly higher among the flipped learning (p< 0.05). Scores
from the flipped learning cohort showed a state of engagement significantly higher than the control
group (p< 0.01).

Conclusion:
Flipped learning implementation musculoskeletal learning successfully demonstrated
a promising platform for using technology to make better use of the students' time, and for increasing
their satisfaction. Active learning increases student engagement and can lead to improved retention
of knowledge.
Utilizing Cancer - Functional Gene Set - Compound Networks to Identify Putative Drugs for Breast Cancer
Authors: Hsiao Tzu-Hung , Chiu Yu-Chiao , Chen Yu-Heng , Hsu Yu-Ching , Chen Hung-I Harry , Chuang Eric Y. , Chen Yidong 
Published: April 2018

Aim and Objective:
The number of anticancer drugs available currently is limited, and
some of them have low treatment response rates. Moreover, developing a new drug for cancer
therapy is labor intensive and sometimes cost prohibitive. Therefore, “repositioning” of known
cancer treatment compounds can speed up the development time and potentially increase the
response rate of cancer therapy. This study proposes a systems biology method for identifying new
compound candidates for cancer treatment in two separate procedures.

Materials and Methods:
First, a “gene set–compound” network was constructed by conducting gene
set enrichment analysis on the expression profile of responses to a compound. Second, survival
analyses were applied to gene expression profiles derived from four breast cancer patient cohorts to
identify gene sets that are associated with cancer survival. A “cancer–functional gene set–
compound” network was constructed, and candidate anticancer compounds were identified. Through
the use of breast cancer as an example, 162 breast cancer survival-associated gene sets and 172
putative compounds were obtained.

Results:
We demonstrated how to utilize the clinical relevance of previous studies through gene sets
and then connect it to candidate compounds by using gene expression data from the Connectivity
Map. Specifically, we chose a gene set derived from a stem cell study to demonstrate its association
with breast cancer prognosis and discussed six new compounds that can increase the expression of
the gene set after the treatment.

Conclusion:
Our method can effectively identify compounds with a potential to be “repositioned”
for cancer treatment according to their active mechanisms and their association with patients’
survival time.
Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate and Impact on Long-Term Survival among Adults after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Hingorani Sangeeta , Pao Emily , Stevenson Phil , Schoch Gary , Laskin Benjamin L. , Gooley Ted , McDonald George B. 
Published: April 2018

Background and objectives
Kidney injury is a significant complication for patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but few studies have prospectively examined changes in GFR in long-term survivors of HCT. We described the association between changes in GFR and all-cause mortality in patients up to 10 years after HCT.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of adult patients undergoing HCT at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle, Washington from 2003 to 2015. Patients were followed from baseline, before conditioning therapy, until a maximum of 10 years after transplant. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between creatinine eGFR and all-cause mortality. We used time-dependent generalized estimating equations to examine risk factors for decreases in eGFR.

Results
A total of 434 patients (median age, 52 years; range, 18–76 years; 64% were men; 87% were white) were followed for a median 5.3 years after HCT. The largest decreases in eGFR occurred within the first year post-transplant, with the eGFR decreasing from a median of 98 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline to 78 ml/min per 1.73 m2 by 1 year post-HCT. Two thirds of patients had an eGFR<90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at 1 year after transplant. When modeled as a continuous variable, as eGFR declined from approximately 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, the hazard of mortality progressively increased relative to a normal eGFR of 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (P<0.001). For example, when compared with an eGFR of 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, the hazard ratios for eGFR of 60, 50, and 40 ml/min per 1.73 m2 are 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.53), 1.68 (95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 2.24), and 2.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.99 to 3.60), respectively. Diabetes, hypertension, acute graft versus host disease, and cytomegalovirus infection were independently associated with a decline in GFR, whereas calcineurin inhibitor levels, chronic graft versus host disease, and albuminuria were not.

Conclusions
Adult HCT recipients have a high risk of decreased eGFR by 1 year after HCT. Although eGFR remains fairly stable thereafter, a decreased eGFR is significantly associated with higher risk of mortality, with a progressively increased risk as eGFR declines.
Factors affecting healthy life style behaviors in workers working at a tea factory
Authors: ARDİC Cuneyt , YAVUZ Erdinc , ZEREN OZTURK Guzin 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The
objective of the present study was to determine educational level of the
workers of a tea factory on occupational health and safety and to reveal the
factors affecting a healthy lifestyle.Methods: The present
descriptive research was carried out in a tea factory where 352 workers are
employed between December 2016 and January 2017. 303 volunteer workers were
enrolled into the study and a questionnaire form including topics of
sociodemographic characteristics, occupational health and safety (OHS)
implementations, health state and working conditions that was developed through
literature information as well as Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale (HLBS) were
used for data analysis.

Results: Age
average of the workers who were all male was 39.88±5.53. Among the workers,
70.29% were elementary school graduate and more than half of the participants
(62.70%) have a middle income (500-1,000 USD). Mean score of HLBS scale was
118.00±20.28 points. Average score of the sub-topics was the highest in health
responsibility item with 22.06 points whereas the lowest score was detected in
physical activity sub-topic. It was
detected that 64.69% of the workers had an occupational health and safety
training at least once during their lifetime and 21.78% use a protective
equipment. Rate of exposure to work-related accidents was detected as 10.57%.
Long-term skeletal effects of high-pull headgear followed by fixed appliances for the treatment of Class II malocclusions
Authors: Bilbo E. Erin , Marshall Steven D. , Southard Karin A. , Allareddy Verrasathpurush , Holton Nathan , Thames Allyn M. , Otsby Marlene S. , Southard Thomas E. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The long-term skeletal effects of Class II treatment in growing individuals using high-pull facebow headgear and fixed edgewise appliances have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term skeletal effects of treatment using high-pull headgear followed by fixed orthodontic appliances compared to an untreated control group.

Materials and Methods:
Changes in anteroposterior and vertical cephalometric measurements of 42 Class II subjects (n = 21, mean age = 10.7 years) before treatment, after headgear correction to Class I molar relationship, after treatment with fixed appliances, and after long-term retention (mean 4.1 years), were compared to similar changes in a matched control group (n = 21, mean age = 10.9 years) by multivariable linear regression models.

Results:
Compared to control, the study group displayed significant long-term horizontal restriction of A-point (SNA = −1.925°, P &lt; .0001; FH-NA = −3.042°, P &lt; .0001; linear measurement A-point to Vertical Reference = −3.859 mm, P &lt; .0001) and reduction of the ANB angle (−1.767°, P &lt; .0001), with no effect on mandibular horizontal growth or maxillary and mandibular vertical skeletal changes. A-point horizontal restriction and forward mandibular horizontal growth accompanied the study group correction to Class I molar, and these changes were stable long term.

Conclusions:
One phase treatment for Class II malocclusion with high-pull headgear followed by fixed orthodontic appliances resulted in correction to Class I molar through restriction of horizontal maxillary growth with continued horizontal mandibular growth and vertical skeletal changes unaffected. The anteroposterior molar correction and skeletal effects of this treatment were stable long term.
Growth hormone receptor gene is related to root length and tooth length in human teeth
Authors: Hikita Yu , Yamaguchi Tetsutaro , Tomita Daisuke , Adel Mohamed , Nakawaki Takatoshi , Katayama Koshu , Maki Koutaro , Kimura Ryosuke 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To examine the relationship between tooth length and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene variants in a healthy Japanese population.

Materials and Methods:
The subjects consisted of 193 Japanese adults (69 men, 124 women), aged 13 to 56 years. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyped GHR rs6184 and rs6180 variants using the Taqman genotyping. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired using a dental cone-beam CT scanner and reconstructed using open-source OsiriX medical image processing software. The maxillary (upper; U) and mandibular (lower, L) central incisors (1), lateral incisors (2), canines (3), first premolars (4), second premolars (5), first molars (6), and second premolars (7) were evaluated. Teeth were assessed for crown height (CH), root length (RL), overall tooth length (C+R), and crown to root ratio (C/R). The relationships between GHR variants and CH, RL, C+R, and C/R were statistically examined.

Results:
The GHR variant rs6184 was associated with the root lengths and tooth length for the upper and lower lateral incisors and upper canines (U2 RL; U3 RL, C+R; L2 RL [P &lt; .05]).

Conclusions:
The results indicate that the GHR rs6184 variant is associated with tooth length and ratio dimensions in a Japanese cohort. Further studies utilizing a larger sample size are needed to confirm this finding.