bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Targeting Cancer Stem Cells and Their Supporting Niche Using Oncolytic Viruses
Authors: Crupi Mathieu J.F. , Bell John C. , Singaravelu Ragunath 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate to give rise to heterogenous cancer cell lineages in solid tumors. These CSC populations are associated with metastasis, tumor relapse, and resistance to conventional anticancer therapies. Here, we focus on the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) to target CSCs as well as the OV-driven interferon production in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can repress CSC properties. We explore the ability of OVs to deliver combinations of immune-modulating therapeutic transgenes, such as immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies. In particular, we highlight the advantages of virally encoded bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs) to not only target cell-surface markers on CSCs, but also tumor-associated antigens on contributing components of the surrounding TME and other cancer cells. We also highlight the crucial role of combination anticancer treatments, evidenced by synergy of OV-delivered BiTEs and chimeric-antigen receptor T cell therapy. Stem Cells 2019;37:716–723
The Benefits of Using a Network of Superconducting Gravimeters to Monitor and Study Active Volcanoes
Authors: Carbone Daniele , Cannavò Flavio , Greco Filippo , Reineman Richard , Warburton Richard J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present results from a mini‐array of three iGrav superconducting gravimeters (SGs) at Mount Etna. This is the first network of SGs ever installed on an active volcano. Continuous gravity measurements at active volcanoes are mostly accomplished with spring gravimeters that can be operated even under harsh field conditions. Nevertheless, these instruments do not provide reliable continuous measurements over periods longer than a few days due to the instrumental drift and artifacts driven by ambient parameters. SGs are free from these instrumental effects and thus allow to track even small gravity changes (1–2 μGal) over a wide range of time scales (minutes to months). However, SGs need host facilities with main electricity and a large installation surface, implying that they cannot be deployed in close proximity to the active structures of tall volcanoes. At Mount Etna the three iGrav SGs were installed at distances from the summit active craters ranging between 3.5 and 15 km. Despite the relatively unfavorable position of the installation sites, we show that these instruments can detect meaningful (i.e., volcano‐related) changes that would otherwise remain hidden, like, for example, the weak gravity signature (within a few μGal) of gas buildup at intermediate depth in the plumbing system of Etna, during noneruptive intervals. Our results prove that iGrav SGs are powerful tools to monitor and study active volcanoes and can provide unique information on the bulk processes driving volcanic activity.
Comment on “On the Relationship Between Probabilistic and Deterministic Skills in Dynamical Seasonal Climate Prediction”
Authors: Tippett Michael K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractYang et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028002) derived an integral form for the relation between the resolution component of the Brier skill score and anomaly correlation for joint‐Gaussian‐distributed forecasts and observations. The purpose of this comment is (i) to connect those findings with other studies that have examined theoretical relations between probabilistic and deterministic skill and (ii) to provide a simple closed‐form approximation for the relation.
Using Bayesian Networks for Sensitivity Analysis of Complex Biogeochemical Models
Authors: Dai Heng , Chen Xingyuan , Ye Ming , Song Xuehang , Hammond Glenn , Hu Bill , Zachara John M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSensitivity analysis is a vital tool in numerical modeling to identify important parameters and processes that contribute to the overall uncertainty in model outputs. We developed a new sensitivity analysis method to quantify the relative importance of uncertain model processes that contain multiple uncertain parameters. The method is based on the concepts of Bayesian networks (BNs) to account for complex hierarchical uncertainty structure of a model system. We derived a new set of sensitivity indices using the methodology of variance‐based global sensitivity analysis with the Bayesian inference. The framework is capable of representing the detailed uncertainty information of a complex model system using BNs and affords flexible grouping of different uncertain inputs given their characteristics and dependency structures. We have implemented the method on a real‐world biogeochemical model at the groundwater‐surface water interface within the Hanford Site's 300 Area. The uncertainty sources of the model were first grouped into forcing scenario and three different processes based on our understanding of the complex system. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that both the reactive transport and groundwater flow processes are important sources of uncertainty for carbon‐consumption predictions. Within the groundwater flow process, the structure of geological formations is more important than the permeability heterogeneity within a given geological formation. Our new sensitivity analysis framework based on BNs offers substantial flexibility for investigating the importance of combinations of interacting uncertainty sources in a hierarchical order, and it is expected to be applicable to a wide range of multiphysics models for complex systems.
Reply to Comment by Michael K. Tippett on “On the Relationship Between Probabilistic and Deterministic Skills in Dynamical Seasonal Climate Prediction”
Authors: Yang Dejian , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Ye Dan , Sun Xuguang , Fang Jiabei , Chu Cuijiao , Feng Tao , Jiang Yiquan , Liang Jin , Ren Xuejuan , Zhang Yaocun , Tang Youmin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTippett (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029345) provides an insightful comment on the theoretical consideration part of Yang et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028002), which studied the relationship between probabilistic and deterministic skills in dynamical seasonal climate prediction. The author connects the theoretical finding of Yang et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028002) with some previous studies on this topic and further provide a simple‐form approximation to the derived theoretical relation in Yang et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028002). However, the author also indicates the difference between the considerations in Yang et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028002) and the previous studies. In this reply, we present a detailed explanation to the readers of the difference between these considerations.
Reflectionless triple‐band BPF by reused even‐mode resonances of multi‐mode resonator
Authors: Cao Zilan , Bi Xiaojun , Xu Qinfen 
Published: March 2019

A novel reflectionless triple‐band bandpass filter (RTBPF) with compact structure and high controllability is proposed by combing the reused multi‐mode resonator (MMR) with a coupled‐line based absorptive network. The MMR is coupled to feeding lines to share its even‐mode resonating points as transmission poles (TPs) in bandpass branch and transmission zeros (TZs) in bandstop branch. By employing the coupled‐line based absorptive network, additional TZs and TPs are obtained in bandstop branch. Since these resonances in bandpass branch and the absorptive network are controlled independently, the bandwidth and centre frequency of the RTBPF can be tuned flexibly. The implemented RTBPF demonstrates a minimum insertion loss of 1.68 dB@2.4 GHz, 1.65 dB@3.2 GHz, 1.5 dB@4.3 GHz, three absorption peaks of − 6, −7 and −8 dB from dc up to 6 GHz. The overall circuit size is 0.22 λg2.
Isolation improvement of UWB MIMO antenna utilising molecule fractal structure
Authors: Rajkumar S. , Anto Amala A. , Selvan K.T. 
Published: March 2019

A compact four‐element UWB MIMO antenna is proposed and its characteristics are investigated. The proposed antenna has a hexagon molecule‐shaped fractal structure as its radiating element. The antenna elements are placed orthogonally to each other in order to yield good isolation, without any additional decoupling structure. The band rejection in WLAN band is attained by etching a C‐shaped slot on each radiating element. The antenna has a compact size of 40 × 40 × 1.6 mm3 and exhibits stable omni‐directional radiation pattern. In addition, it shows an acceptable impedance bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) in the range 2.4–10.6 GHz with an isolation better than −20 dB over the UWB range. The performance of the proposed antenna is calculated in terms of antenna characteristics and MIMO parameters. The isolation level in‐between the elements is found to be reasonable for MIMO application. The simulated and measured results are in good accord which makes the antenna a suitable candidate for massive MIMO and high‐density packaging applications.
Impact of endoscopic ultrasound on diagnosis and management of presumed mucinous neoplasms when done for pancreatic cyst morphology change on non-invasive surveillance imaging
Authors: Madhani Kamraan , Yousaf Muhammad , Aamar Ali , Ooka Kohtaro , Muniraj Thiruvengadam , Aslanian Harry , Salem Ronald , Farrell James 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Guidelines for management of presumed neoplastic pancreatic cysts have encouraged noninvasive imaging for low-risk surveillance, while reserving endoscopic ultrasound for worrisome features including morphologic change. We aim to study the impact of endoscopic ultrasound on diagnosis and management compared with non-invasive imaging.
Patients and methods A single-institution pancreatic cyst database was retrospectively queried for patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound for the indication of change in cyst morphology. Diagnoses were classified as presumed mucinous neoplasm with or without worrisome features or high-risk stigmata and non-mucinous lesions. Management decisions were defined a priori as surgical evaluation for patients with high-risk stigmata, positive cytology or mural nodule, or continued surveillance for all others.
Results Between January 2013 and October 2016, 709 pancreas cyst endoscopic ultrasounds were performed of which 89 were for cyst morphology change seen on noninvasive imaging including 10 presumed pseudocysts, nine presumed serous cystadenomas, and 70 presumed mucinous cystic neoplasms. Cyst morphologic changes included increase in caliber of the main pancreatic duct (7 cases), increase in cyst size (68 cases), cyst ≥ 30 mm (10 cases), and presence of a solid nodule (1 case). Median cyst size increase was 5 mm with interquartile range of 4 mm over 2.1 ± 1.9 years. Endoscopic ultrasound done for morphologic change resulted in a change in diagnosis and management in 16 % and 13 % of cases, respectively.
Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasound has a modest but clinically significant role in impacting diagnosis and management for presumed mucinous cystic neoplasms when performed for the indication of cyst morphology change.
Rückblick: 10 Jahre neuroreha
Authors: Freivogel Susanna 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit 10 Jahren bietet die Zeitschrift „neuroreha“ einen wahren Schatz
therapeutisch relevanter Informationen. Sie hilft Therapeuten, diejenigen
Maßnahmen in der Therapie einzusetzen, die sich in wissenschaftlichen Studien
als erfolgreich erwiesen haben. Gründungsherausgeberin Susanna Freivogel zeigt
auf, wie Zeitschriften helfen können, die Therapiewelt zu verändern.
Die Schlaganfallrehabilitation der Zukunft voranbringen:
Was sind die nächsten Schritte?
Authors: Kwakkel Gert 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungGute Theorien sind die Grundlage für adäquate restaurative Therapien. Präzise
Antworten und fundierte Erkenntnisse über die Mechanismen, die wir mit unseren
Rehabilitationstherapien beeinflussen wollen, spielen eine Schlüsselrolle für
adäquate restaurative Therapien.
App-gestützte ambulante Therapie
Authors: Lotze Martin , Ladda Marie 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungViele von uns trainieren bereits mit verschiedenen mobilen Techniken und Apps
unsere sportlichen Fähigkeiten in der Freizeit. Hier ist in den letzten Jahren
ein enormes Angebot entstanden, das jedoch nur begrenzt im professionellen
Training von Patienten mit Beeinträchtigungen genutzt werden kann.
“Restricted Diffusion” within the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum: A Potential Pitfall in Young Infants on 3T Imaging and Marker of Normal Myelin Maturation
Authors: Tan Ai , Lim Yi 
Published: March 2019

Purpose To determine the prevalence of “restricted diffusion” within the splenium of the corpus callosum (SOCC) on 3 Tesla (T) and 1.5T imaging systems and to establish the contribution of myelin maturation to the presence of “restricted diffusion” within the SOCC.
Materials and Methods The imaging database at our hospital was queried to build three cohorts of patients: (1) age < 4 months, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans done on a 3T system; (2) age < 4 months, with MRI scans done on a 1.5T system; and (3) age ≥ 4 months, with MRI scans done on a 3T system, for retrospective analysis. A total of 101 MRI scans were reviewed.
Results “Restricted diffusion” within the SOCC was present in 26 of 29 (90%) patients from cohort 1, in 1 of 37 (3%) patients from cohort 2, and in 1 of 35 (3%) patients from cohort 3. There is a significant difference in the prevalence of “restricted diffusion” in the SOCC between the three cohorts of patients.
Conclusions “Restricted diffusion” within the SOCC may be a normal finding in infants less than 4 months of age, imaged on a 3T system. The presence of “restricted diffusion” within the splenium may serve as a potential marker of normal brain maturation.
A Population-Level Analysis of Pituitary Carcinoma from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Carey Ryan M. , Kuan Edward C. , Workman Alan D. , Patel Neil N. , Kohanski Michael A. , Tong Charles C.L. , Chen Jinbo , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Brant Jason A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objectives Pituitary carcinoma is a rare entity with fewer than 200 total cases reported in the English literature. Analysis of the population-level data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) affords the opportunity to study this poorly understood tumor type.
Methods The NCDB was queried for site, histology, and metastasis codes corresponding to pituitary carcinoma. Statistical analyses were performed to determine factors associated with overall survival (OS).
Results A total of 92 patients with pituitary carcinoma met inclusion criteria. The 1 and 5 years of OS for all patients was 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88.2–98.6%) and 80.0% (95% CI: 71.6–89.4%), respectively. Patients with invasive primary tumor behavior had 1 and 5 years of OS of 69.2% (95% CI: 48.2–99.5%) and 52.7% (95% CI: 31.2–89.2%), respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that compared with benign primary behavior, invasive behavior had increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1,296, 95% CI: 15.1– > 2,000). Surgery without adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy was the most common therapy (48.9%), followed by no treatment (40.2%). Compared with surgery alone, no treatment had worse OS (HR, 11.83, 95% CI: 1.41–99.56). Increasing age and female sex were both associated with increased mortality.
Conclusions The most common treatment for pituitary carcinoma is surgery alone followed by no surgery. Surgery alone has significantly better OS compared with no treatment. The efficacy of radiation, chemotherapy, and neurohormonal treatments needs to be examined with prospective studies.
Shrub tundra ecohydrology: rainfall interception is a major component of the water balance
Authors: Zwieback Simon , Chang Qianyu , Marsh Philip , Berg Aaron 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
As shrubs expand across the Arctic, they alter all cycles in the Earth system, including the water cycle. However, the coupling of shrubs with the water cycle during summer remains poorly understood. Rainfall interception, a major cause of divergent hydrological responses between vegetated and non-vegetated environments, is particularly poorly constrained. We quantified shrub rainfall interception and redistribution in birch and alder in the Western Canadian Arctic using networks of throughfall and stemflow gauges. We find that rainfall interception losses are a major component of the water budget, as effective rainfall was reduced by 15%–30% in the birches. Underneath alders, effective rainfall was almost as large or larger than gross rainfall, but they also left a rain shadow. The spatial variability in throughfall was substantial underneath both shrub species. Stemflow was a small but non-negligible component, as the alders concentrated ∼15% of rainfall to their few vertical stems, compared to the ∼8% the birches funnelled along their numerous, predominantly skewed stems. The substantial small-scale variability in effective rainfall may create islands in which conditions for certain biogeochemical processes are particularly favourable. On larger scales, rainfall interception reduces the water yield and thus the runoff received by downstream ecosystems such as lakes. The interception losses are predicted to increase with shrub density in a way that also depends on climatic conditions, with large losses in many coastal environments. The extent to which shrub expansion leads to drier Arctic ecosystems is, however, unclear because of the complex interplay between many ecohydrological processes. Shrub rainfall interception is one major, previously overlooked piece of this puzzle.
Freedom Summer “Homos”: An Archive Story
Authors: Francis Charles 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This “archive story” documents how the infamous Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission harnessed homophobia to crush gay civil rights activists at historically black Rust College in Holly Springs, Mississippi, during “Freedom Summer” in 1964. New information uncovered by the author, a self-described “archive activist” from the Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C., reveals how the Sovereignty Commission, working directly with the governor of Mississippi, accused and exposed students and faculty at Rust as “homos” and “queers” in pursuit of a single objective: convincing the Rust Methodist Board of Trustees to fire its activist president, Dr. Earnest Smith. The piece further explores how the reason for Dr. Smith’s departure from Rust remained enshrouded in silence for so many years. It ends by connecting the political use of homophobia in 1964 to the words of Judge Carlton Reeves on the challenges facing LGBTQ Mississippians today.
Anatomic Implants in Breast Reconstruction: A Comparison of Outcomes and Aesthetic Results Compared to Smooth Round Silicone Implants
Authors: Agochukwu-Nwubah Nneamaka , Boustany Ashley , Wetzel Margaret , Maus Jacob , Rinker Brian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Direct comparison studies of outcomes and aesthetic satisfaction of anatomic implants compared to other implants are scarce in the literature.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare outcomes and aesthetic satisfaction of patients who underwent breast reconstruction with anatomic implants vs other implants (smooth round silicone).

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction over 3 years. Outcomes including complications, number of surgeries, need for revisions, and aesthetic satisfaction of patients were tracked and compared.

Results
A total of 156 patients met inclusion criteria for this study. A total of 123 underwent reconstruction with a round implant, and 33 underwent reconstruction with an anatomic implant. Of the 156 patients, 38 underwent a 1-stage direct-to-implant reconstruction and the remainder underwent a 2-stage implant reconstruction. The round and anatomic implant groups did not differ with regards to number of surgeries, revisions, utilization of contralateral symmetry procedures, implant-related reoperations, complications, implant loss, infection, capsular contracture, and seroma. The Breast Q survey had a response rate of 27%. On all parameters, the round and anatomic implant groups did not significantly differ.

Conclusions
There were no significant differences among round and shaped implants in regards to complications, revision surgeries, and overall outcomes. Furthermore, patients showed no differences regarding satisfaction and well-being when surveyed on the Breast Q survey. The decision of implant choice in breast reconstruction should be based on surgeon comfort and the patient’s needs/body type.

Level of Evidence: 4
Rehabilitation of the Dysmorphic Lower Eyelid From Hyaluronic Acid Filler: What to Do After a Good Periocular Treatment Goes Bad
Authors: Skippen Brent , Baldelli Ilaria , Hartstein Morris , Casabona Gabriela , Montes Jose Raul , Bernardini Francesco 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Chronic, long-lasting edema accompanied by the Tyndall effect as a delayed reaction to hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection seems to occur exclusively in the eyelids.

Objectives
The authors sought to present a treatment algorithm for management of patients with chronic lower eyelid edema as a delayed complication of HA filler injection.

Methods
Retrospective study including 61 patients with delayed-onset chronic periocular edema following uneventful HA filler injection in the lower eyelids or cheeks. All patients underwent hyaluronidase enzyme dissolution followed by secondary treatment. Three retreatment options were presented: (1) observation, (2) secondary treatment with HA filler, and (3) lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

Results
All patients underwent filler dissolution using hyaluronidase. The mean age was 48 years and 97% of the patients were female. Single treatment was effective in 92% of patients with 8% requiring another hyaluronidase injection to completely eradicate residual edema. Six patients (10%) were satisfied after hyaluronidase only and 6 patients (10%) underwent lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Secondary treatment with HA filler was performed in 48 patients (80%). All were satisfied with final results without further edema in the follow-up period.

Conclusions
Delayed-onset chronic lower eyelid edema is a frequent HA-related complication and cause of concern when considering periocular HA treatment. Previous treatment has been limited to either hyaluronidase only or blepharoplasty as a secondary solution after hyaluronidase, with only a minority of patients satisfied. Hyaluronidase, shortly followed by HA filler retreatment, is a safe and effective solution.

Level of Evidence: 4
On marginal and conditional parameters in logistic regression models
Authors: Stanghellini Elena , Doretti Marco 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe derive the exact formula linking the parameters of marginal and conditional logistic regression models with binary mediators when no conditional independence assumptions can be made. The formula has the appealing property of being the sum of terms that vanish whenever parameters of the conditional models vanish, thereby recovering well-known results as particular cases. It also permits the disentangling of direct and indirect effects as well as quantifying the distortion induced by the omission of relevant covariates, opening the way to sensitivity analysis. As the parameters of the conditional models are multiplied by terms that are always bounded, the derivations may also be used to construct reasonable bounds on the parameters of interest when relevant intermediate variables are unobserved. We assume that, conditionally on a set of covariates, the data-generating process can be represented by a directed acyclic graph. We also show how the results presented here lead to the extension of path analysis to a system of binary random variables.