bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do reaction conditions affect the enantiopure synthesis of 2‐substituted‐1,4‐benzodioxane derivatives?
Authors: Straniero Valentina , Casiraghi Andrea , Fumagalli Laura , Valoti Ermanno 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral biologically active compounds structurally include the enantiopure 2‐substituted‐1,4‐benzodioxane scaffold. The straightforward racemization that affects reactions involving most of the common chemical reactives is thus a crucial issue. The developing of a completely stereo‐controlled synthetic route that does not affect the enantiomeric excess is consequently mandatory. It is also important to set up a reliable chiral HPLC method, able to follow the reaction, and to improve the synthetic performances. Here, we report the chiral investigation of two different synthons, we specifically evaluated the synthetic pathways that could be run in order to afford them, avoiding the racemization processes, which could normally occur in basic conditions. In addition, we developed peculiar chiral HPLC methods in order to resolve the enantiomers, define the enantiomeric excess, and fully characterize these compounds.
HPLC‐ECD and TDDFT‐ECD study of hexahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline derivatives
Authors: Tóth László , Mándi Attila , Váradi Dániel , Kovács Tibor , Szabados Anna , Kiss‐Szikszai Attila , Gong Qi , Zhang Haiyan , Mátyus Péter , Antus Sándor , Kurtán Tibor 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSynthesis of racemic hexahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline derivatives (1‐8) was performed by utilizing the Knoevenagel‐[1,5]‐hydride shift‐cyclization domino reaction. Separation of the enantiomers of the chiral products (1‐8) was carried out by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography, and online high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra were recorded to elucidate the absolute configuration by comparing the experimental and time‐dependent density functional theory‐ECD spectra obtained at various theoretical levels. For 1 of the products, the time‐dependent density functional theory‐ECD calculations allowed determining both the relative and the absolute configuration by distinguishing the 4 stereoisomers. One of the compounds with spiro 1,3‐cyclohexanedione moiety (7) possessed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, while 3 showed neuroprotective activity in oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells.
A requirement for septins and the autophagy receptor p62 in the proliferation of intracellular Shigella
Authors: Lobato‐Márquez Damián , Krokowski Sina , Sirianni Andrea , Larrouy‐Maumus Gerald , Mostowy Serge 
Published: May 2018

AbstractShigella flexneri, a Gram‐negative enteroinvasive pathogen, causes inflammatory destruction of the human intestinal epithelium. During infection of epithelial cells, Shigella escape from the phagosome to the cytosol, where they reroute host cell glycolysis to obtain nutrients for proliferation. Septins, a poorly understood component of the cytoskeleton, can entrap cytosolic Shigella targeted to autophagy in cage‐like structures to restrict bacterial proliferation. Although bacterial entrapment by septin caging has been the subject of intense investigation, the role of septins and the autophagy machinery in the proliferation of noncaged Shigella is mostly unknown. Here, we found that intracellular Shigella fail to efficiently proliferate in SEPT2‐, SEPT7‐, or p62/SQSTM1‐depleted cells. Consistent with a failure to proliferate, single cell analysis of bacteria not entrapped in septin cages showed that the number of metabolically active Shigella in septin‐ or p62‐depleted cells is reduced. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that host cell glycolysis is dysregulated in septin‐depleted cells, suggesting a key role for septins in modulation of glycolysis. Together, these results suggest that septins and the autophagy machinery may regulate metabolic pathways that promote the proliferation of intracellular Shigella not entrapped in septin cages.
Identification of NeuN immunopositive cells in the adult mouse subventricular zone
Authors: Saito Kengo , Koike Taro , Kawashima Fumiaki , Kurata Hirofumi , Shibuya Taku , Satoh Takemasa , Hata Yoshio , Yamada Hisao , Mori Tetsuji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the adult rodent subventricular zone (SVZ), there are neural stem cells (NSCs) and the specialized neurogenic niche is critical to maintain their stemness. To date, many cellular and noncellular factors that compose the neurogenic niche and markers to identify subpopulations of Type A cells have been confirmed. In particular, neurotransmitters regulate adult neurogenesis and mature neurons in the SVZ have been only partially analyzed. Moreover, Type A cells, descendants of NSCs, are highly heterogeneous and more molecular markers are still needed to identify them. In the present study, we systematically classified NeuN, commonly used as a marker of mature and immature post‐mitotic neurons, immunopositive (+) cells within the adult mouse SVZ. These SVZ‐NeuN+ cells (SVZ‐Ns) were mainly classified into two types. One was mature SVZ‐Ns (M‐SVZ‐Ns). Neurochemical properties of M‐SVZ‐Ns were similar to those of striatal neurons, but their birth date and morphology were different. M‐SVZ‐Ns were generated during embryonic and early postnatal stages with bipolar peaks and extended their processes along the wall of the lateral ventricle. The second type was small SVZ‐Ns (S‐SVZ‐Ns) with features of Type A cells. They expressed not only markers of Type A cells, but also proliferated and migrated from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb. Furthermore, S‐SVZ‐Ns could be classified into two types by their spatial locations and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 expression. Our data indicate that M‐SVZ‐Ns are a new component of the neurogenic niche and S‐SVZ‐Ns are newly identified subpopulations of Type A cells.
Post‐crossing segment of dI1 commissural axons forms collateral branches to motor neurons in the developing spinal cord
Authors: Kaneyama Takeshi , Shirasaki Ryuichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe dI1 commissural axons in the developing spinal cord, upon crossing the midline through the floor plate, make a sharp turn to grow rostrally. These post‐crossing axons initially just extend adjacent to the floor plate without entering nearby motor columns. However, it remains poorly characterized how these post‐crossing dI1 axons behave subsequently to this process. In the present study, to address this issue, we examined in detail the behavior of post‐crossing dI1 axons in mice, using the Atoh1 enhancer‐based conditional expression system that enables selective and sparse labeling of individual dI1 axons, together with Hb9 and ChAT immunohistochemistry for precise identification of spinal motor neurons (MNs). We found unexpectedly that the post‐crossing segment of dI1 axons later gave off collateral branches that extended laterally to invade motor columns. Interestingly, these collateral branches emerged at around the time when their primary growth cones initiated invasion into motor columns. In addition, although the length of the laterally growing collateral branches increased with age, the majority of them remained within motor columns. Strikingly, these collateral branches further gave rise to multiple secondary branches in the region of MNs that innervate muscles close to the body axis. Moreover, these axonal branches formed presynaptic terminals on MNs. These observations demonstrate that dI1 commissural neurons develop axonal projection to spinal MNs via collateral branches arising later from the post‐crossing segment of these axons. Our findings thus reveal a previously unrecognized projection of dI1 commissural axons that may contribute directly to generating proper motor output.
Use the Indirect Energy Conversion of the Phosphor Layer to Improve the Performance of Nuclear Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhengrong , Tang Xiaobin , Liu Yunpeng , Zhou Dayong , Xu Zhiheng , Wu Min , Cao Zhangyi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe GaAs X‐ray nuclear battery without and with the phosphor layer was investigated under the irradiation of the X‐ray tube. The output power was significantly improved by introducing ZnS : Cu or (Zn,Cd)S : Cu phosphor layer, but not by ZnS : Ag phosphor layer because of the degree of spectral matching between the phosphor layer and the GaAs device. To analyze the radioluminescence (RL) effects of the phosphor layers under X‐ray excitation, we measured the RL spectra of the different phosphor layers. The RL spectra of the different phosphor layers revealed their fluorescence in the wavelength range of approximately 375–675 nm. Light at the exact wavelength can be used by the GaAs device to produce electricity. Considering irradiation damage of ZnS : Cu phosphor layer induced by X‐rays, an additional experiment was carried out to examine irradiation damage of ZnS : Cu. The results indicate that irradiation effect on the RL performance of ZnS : Cu was not obvious.
Fabrication Sandwich‐Like V2O5 Nanosheets Anchor in Graphene Towards High Energy Lithium Cathode Materials
Authors: Wu Lijun , Zhang Yu , Fan Lishuang , Zhang Qi , Wang Pengxiang , Tian Da , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe conventional cathode cannot meet the constantly increasing demand for high specific capacity in next generation cathode. V2O5 is an attractive cathode material due to its high theoretical specific capacity (294 mAh g−1) and affordable cost. Herein, we report a facile process for the fabrication of 2D sandwich‐like V2O5@Graphene nanosheets. Profiting from a synergic strategy inhibiting stacked layered structure and enhanced ion transport within interlayer, the sandwich‐like V2O5@Graphene composite exhibits exceptional high initial reversible capacity (300 mAh g−1 at the 0.5 C), excellent cyclic stability (203 mAh g−1 after 245 cycles) and high‐rate capability (165 mAh g−1 at the 10 C).
Adaptive template generation for amyloid PET using a deep learning approach
Authors: Kang Seung Kwan , Seo Seongho , Shin Seong A. , Byun Min Soo , Lee Dong Young , Kim Yu Kyeong , Lee Dong Soo , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccurate spatial normalization (SN) of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) images for Alzheimer's disease assessment without coregistered anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the same individual is technically challenging. In this study, we applied deep neural networks to generate individually adaptive PET templates for robust and accurate SN of amyloid PET without using matched 3D MR images. Using 681 pairs of simultaneously acquired 11C‐PIB PET and T1‐weighted 3D MRI scans of AD, MCI, and cognitively normal subjects, we trained and tested two deep neural networks [convolutional auto‐encoder (CAE) and generative adversarial network (GAN)] that produce adaptive best PET templates. More specifically, the networks were trained using 685,100 pieces of augmented data generated by rotating 527 randomly selected datasets and validated using 154 datasets. The input to the supervised neural networks was the 3D PET volume in native space and the label was the spatially normalized 3D PET image using the transformation parameters obtained from MRI‐based SN. The proposed deep learning approach significantly enhanced the quantitative accuracy of MRI‐less amyloid PET assessment by reducing the SN error observed when an average amyloid PET template is used. Given an input image, the trained deep neural networks rapidly provide individually adaptive 3D PET templates without any discontinuity between the slices (in 0.02 s). As the proposed method does not require 3D MRI for the SN of PET images, it has great potential for use in routine analysis of amyloid PET images in clinical practice and research.
A Summer Program to Assist Diverse, Urban Adolescent Writers in Becoming College and Career Ready
Authors: Ferguson Monica L. , Dole Janice A. , Scarpulla Laura F. , Adamson Sharon L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe authors describe and analyze the strengths and challenges of a 10‐year summer writing program that provides out‐of‐school academic support for adolescent writers who are not yet college and career ready. The two‐week program takes place at the university where faculty and school district English language arts teachers work with approximately 50 students to assist them in constructing argumentative essays. Among the strengths of the program are the research base of the writing instruction and the low teacher–student ratio that allows teachers to provide small‐group and one‐on‐one support for students’ writing. Challenges have related to assisting teachers in understanding and using the writing instructional model and transferring that model into their regular classrooms during the school year.
Nanoceria‐loaded injectable hydrogels for potential age‐related macular degeneration treatment
Authors: Wang Kai , Mitra Rajendra Narayan , Zheng Min , Han Zongchao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe major purpose of this article is to evaluate oligochitosan coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (OCCNPs) alginate laden injectable hydrogels and their potential treatment for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). The water soluble OCCNPs were loaded within injectable hydrogels as antioxidative agents. The release of OCCNPs from hydrogel, radical scavenging properties, and biocompatibility were evaluated and calculated in vitro. The effects of OCCNP laden hydrogel downregulating expression of angiogenic proteins and proinflammatory cytokines were quantified in human retinal pigment epithlium‐19 (ARPE‐19) and umbilical endothelium cell lines. The hydrogels behaved with moderate swelling and controllable degradation. The laden OCCNPs were released in a controlled manner in vitro during two months of testing. The OCCNP loaded hydrogels exhibited robust antioxidative properties in oxygen radical absorbance capacity tests and reduced apoptosis in H2O2‐induced ARPE‐19 cells. Furthermore, OCCNP loaded injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and suppressed the ipopolysaccharides‐induced inflammation response in ARPE‐19 cells, and inhibited expression of vascular endothelium growth factor in human ARPE‐19 and umbilical endothelium cell lines. The alginate‐gelatin injectable hydrogel loaded OCCNPs are biocompatible and have high potential in protecting cells from apoptosis, angiogenesis, and production of proinflammatory cytokines in AMD cellular models. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2795–2804, 2018.
Degradation of tetracyclines and sulfonamides by stevensite‐ and biochar‐immobilized laccase systems and impact on residual antibiotic activity
Authors: García‐Delgado Carlos , Eymar Enrique , Camacho‐Arévalo Raquel , Petruccioli Maurizio , Crognale Silvia , D'Annibale Alessandro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDStevensite and biochar were investigated to covalently immobilize laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL) and Pleurotus eryngii (PeL) through the sequential application of aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. The immobilized preparations were tested to remove three tetracyclines and six sulfonamides at 0.1 mmol L−1 of each antibiotic. Degradation experiments were conducted both in the absence and in the presence (0.2 mmol L−1) of ABTS, 1‐hydroxybenzotriazol (HBT), syringaldehyde or violuric acid. The residual antibiotic activity was tested towards five bacterial species and a bacterial consortium from wastewater.RESULTSHigher values of activity yields (74% and 70.3%) and catalytic capabilities (1426 and 1405 IU g−1) were obtained with PeL on stevensite and biochar than with MtL. Stevensite enabled higher reusability and storage stability than biochar. Best removals of tetracyclines and sulfonamides were obtained with immobilized‐laccase systems coupled to ABTS or syringaldehyde. Immobilized‐laccase/ABTS systems removed 100% of tetracyclines while only chlortetracycline was completely removed in the presence of syringaldehyde. With ABTS, the most effectively removed sulfonamides were sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine (up to 100% and 54%), while syringaldehyde best supported the removal of sulfanilamide, sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole (up to 42%, 45% and 46%, respectively). In some cases, an effective antibiotics removal led to either low or no residual antibiotic activity.CONCLUSIONMtL and PeL were immobilized successfully on biochar and stevensite. The addition of either ABTS or syringaldehyde enhanced significant removals, up to 100%, of tetracyclines and sulfonamides by the immobilized laccase systems. Noteworthy, biochar‐immobilized laccases/ABTS led to complete suppression of the antibiotic activity of tetracyclines. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of stress, serum and salivary cortisol, and interleukin‐1β levels in smokers and non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Bawankar Pranjali V. , Kolte Abhay P. , Kolte Rajashri A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundExisting literature indicates a positive relationship between stress and chronic periodontitis (CP) but there is limited information on the combined influence of stress and smoking on the progression of periodontal disease. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of stress, salivary and serum, cortisol and interleukin‐1β levels in smokers with CP.MethodsSeventy‐five patients equally divided into three groups of healthy controls (Group I), smokers and non‐smokers with CP (Group 2 and Group 3) respectively were evaluated for clinical parameters, biochemical parameters of salivary and serum cortisol and IL‐1β levels via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Zung's self‐rating depression scale questionnaire was used to determine the stress levels amongst the patients.ResultsSmokers with CP exihibited higher values of probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index while lower papillary bleeding index, and gingival index scores as compared to non‐smokers with CP. The salivary cortisol and IL‐1 β were relatively higher as compared to serum values in Group 2 than Group 3. The Group 2 patients revealed higher depression scores as compared to Group 3 patients. The depression scores positively and significantly correlated with the salivary cortisol in Group 2 patients.ConclusionThe results indicate that smokers with CP exhibit a significantly higher serum and salivary cortisol, IL‐1β, and stress levels and thus they may show an increased risk and periodontal disease severity. Further exploration of relationships between periodontitis and stress is required.
Effect of rearing substrate on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and chemical composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae
Authors: Meneguz Marco , Schiavone Achille , Gai Francesco , Dama Andrea , Lussiana Carola , Renna Manuela , Gasco Laura 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDWastes can be used as rearing substrate by black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, the latter being exploitable as a protein source in animal feed. This research aimed to assess the influence of four rearing substrates (Trial 1 (organic wastes): a mixture of vegetable and fruit (VEGFRU) vs. a mixture of fruits only (FRU); Trial 2 (agro‐industrial by‐products): brewery (BRE) vs. winery (WIN) by‐products) on BSF larvae development, waste reduction efficiency and nutritional composition.RESULTSIf respectively compared to FRU and WIN, VEGFRU and BRE larvae needed less time to reach the prepupal stage (22.0, 22.2, 20.2 and 8.0 days of trial, respectively) and had higher protein content (229.7, 257.3, 312.9 and 395.7 g kg−1 dry matter). The waste reduction index ranged from 2.4 (WIN) to 5.3 g d−1 (BRE). BRE larvae showed the lowest saturated and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions (612.4 and 260.1 g kg−1 total fatty acids, respectively).CONCLUSIONVegetable and fruit wastes and winery by‐products can be used as rearing substrates for BSF larval mass production. Brewery by‐products led to very promising larval performance and nutritional composition. However, given BRE limited availability, low BRE dietary inclusion levels could be used with the purpose of increasing larval performance. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Post‐socialist cropland changes and abandonment in Mongolia
Authors: Sankey Temuulen Tsagaan , Massey Richard , Yadav Kamini , Congalton Russell G. , Tilton James C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale cropland changes have significant implications for global and national food supply as well as degradation in land resources. We examined cropland dynamics at the national scale in Mongolia over the last three decades using Google Earth Engine cloud computing and 11,360 Landsat satellite images. Our overarching goal was to develop the first comprehensive, high‐resolution maps of Mongolia's cropland extent for two nominal years: 1990 at the peak of the socialist era production and 2014 after major socio‐political and economic regime changes. By comparing the two cropland maps, we estimate cropland changes and identify areas of post‐socialist cropland abandonment. Our cropland classifications produce high overall accuracies (overall weighted, statistical accuracies of 98% and 97%, respectively), and the cropland area estimates compare well with county‐level crop area statistics (R2 = 0.91, p value < .001). We estimate 38% cropland decline in Mongolia throughout the major crop regions but 18% increase in the central region due to increased concentration of crop production. The observed large‐scale cropland abandonment would be expected to result in substantial land conversion to rangelands as well as land degradation in the abandoned fields, including soil erosion, increased contribution to desertification, and reduced species diversity. Future studies can monitor the long‐term trajectory in the abandoned crop fields and recommend targeted restoration strategies.
Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case‐studies
Authors: Hamidov Ahmad , Helming Katharina , Bellocchi Gianni , Bojar Waldemar , Dalgaard Tommy , Ghaley Bhim Bahadur , Hoffmann Christian , Holman Ian , Holzkämper Annelie , Krzeminska Dominika , Kværnø Sigrun H. , Lehtonen Heikki , Niedrist Georg , Øygarden Lillian , Reidsma Pytrik , Roggero Pier Paolo , Rusu Teodor , Santos Cristina , Seddaiu Giovanna , Skarbøvik Eva , Ventrella Domenico , Żarski Jacek , Schönhart Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case‐studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.