bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transoral robotic surgery for head and neck malignancies: Imaging features in presurgical workup
Authors: Kwan Benjamin Y.M. , Khan Nazir Mohammed , de Almeida John R. , Goldstein David , Paleri Vinidh , Forghani Reza , Yu Eugene 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of this article was to review the indications for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in head and neck malignancies. The role of imaging in patient selection will be specifically reviewed. TORS is a recently developed technique that allows minimally invasive surgeries to be performed in the head and neck. TORS has a role in the de‐escalation of oropharyngeal cancers, which allows for lower doses of chemoradiation therapy (this is a technique currently in clinical trials). Additionally, this technique allows for less invasive surgery and decreases associated complications. TORS can also be performed at other subsites. Cross‐sectional imaging has a prominent role to help identify suitable candidates for this type of surgery. This article will review important anatomy and staging related to TORS. Additionally, the key imaging features for patient selection (indications and contraindications) will be presented along with case illustrations.
Candida pseudoglaebosa and Kodamaea ohmeri are capable of degrading alkanes in the presence of heavy metals
Authors: Ortiz‐Álvarez Jossue , Vera‐Ponce de León Arturo , Trejo‐Cerro Oscar , Vu Hoa T. , Chávez‐Camarillo Griselda , Villa‐Tanaca Lourdes , Hernández‐Rodríguez César 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine four strains of two yeast species in relation to their capability for assimilating alkanes in the presence of heavy metals (HMs). The four strains tested were Candida pseudoglaebosa ENCB‐7 and Kodamaea ohmeri ENCB‐8R, ENCB‐23, and ENCB‐VIK. Determination was made of the expression of CYP52 genes involved in alkane hydroxylation. When exposed to Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and As3+ at pH 3 and 5, all four strains could assimilate several n‐alkanes having at least six carbon atoms. The three K. ohmeri strains could also utilize branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, and n‐octanol as sole carbon sources. Kinetic assays demonstrated greater biomass production and specific growth of the yeasts exposed to long‐chain n‐alkanes. Fragments of paralogous CYP52 genes of C. pseudoglaebosa ENCB‐7 and K. ohmeri ENCB‐23 were amplified, sequenced, and phylogenetically evaluated. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that n‐nonane and n‐decane induced to CpCYP52‐G3, CpCYP52‐G9, and CpCYP52‐G10. KoCYP52‐G3 was induced with n‐decane and n‐octanol. Also, CpCYP52‐G3 and CpCYP52‐G9 were induced by glucose. In conclusion, C. pseudoglaebosa and K. ohmeri were able to degrade several alkanes in the presence of HMs and under acidic conditions. These yeasts harbor paralogous alkane‐induced CYP52 genes, which display different profiles of transcriptional expression.
Variability and trends of atmospheric moisture in recent West African monsoon season and the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment‐Africa projected 21st century scenarios
Authors: Okoro Ugochukwu K. , Chen Wen , Nath Debashis , Nnamchi Hyacinth C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe interannual variability and trends of atmospheric moisture flux convergence (MFC) and the flux transport and their roles in wet season rainfall variability during the West Africa monsoon season have been investigated using the Climate Research Unit observational datasets and the National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis 2 from 1979 to 2016 and the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)‐Africa model outputs. Particular emphasis has been placed on the three rainfall zones: the Western Sudano Sahel, the Eastern Sudano Sahel and the Guinea Coast. The MFC shows largest variability and impact on rainfall in the Western Sudano Sahel, followed by the Guinea Coast, but there is no significant impact in the Eastern Sudano Sahel. Furthermore, the MFC shows significant positive trends at the Sahelian locations but not at the Guinea Coast. The CORDEX‐Africa models adequately simulate the climatology and spatial patterns of the mean June to September atmospheric moisture; however, differences exist in the magnitude and signs of the temporal trend. The model ensemble mean is presented, which better represents the atmospheric moisture during the monsoon rainfall variability. A mean bias‐corrected projection of the atmospheric moisture shows enhanced rainfall variability of the Guinea Coast in the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 at the end of the 21st century.
One‐step facile synthesis of PbS quantum dots/Pb (DMDC)2 hybrids and their application as a low‐cost SERS substrate
Authors: Liu Aili , Jin Huile , Li Jun , Chen Liyun , Zheng Haoyuan , Mao Xinnan , Lin Dajie , Wang Jichang , Wang Shun , Jiang Weizhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA microwave‐ and ultrasound‐assisted reduction and assembly of lead dimethyldithiocarbamate (Pb (DMDC)2) led to the formation of rod‐like Pb (DMDC)2 embedded with PbS quantum dots (QDs). Transmission electron microscopy measurements show the presence of numerous isolated PbS QDs on the Pb (DMDC)2 microrod surface, which may potentially act as hot spots for enhanced Raman spectroscopy. A case study using mercaptopyridine as the analyte demonstrates that the rod‐like hybrids have outstanding performance as a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, comparable with that of Au nanorods. The excellent SERS performance of the as‐fabricated PbS QDs/Pb (DMDC)2 hybrids may be attributed to the unique dispersion of PbS QDs as well as the intimate contacts between PbS QDs and Pb (DMDC)2. This study therefore presents a new approach for the development of low‐cost and highly efficient semiconductor‐based SERS substrates.
Spontaneous rotational Raman thermometry for air flow characterization in a turbomachine test rig
Authors: Scherman Michael , Santagata Rosa , Faleni Jean Pierre , Orain Mikael , Bresson Alexandre , Attal‐tretout Brigitte , Krumme Alexander 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNoninvasive and accurate measurements are essential to study the reactive flows in aeronautical engines. This paper reports the results of a unique measurement campaign providing the temperature flow field in a large‐scale facility turbomachine test rig using spontaneous rotational Raman scattering technique. Different planes of interest and operating conditions are probed, showing good agreement with thermocouple measurements. Fast temperature variations (>7.7 kHz) could be probed thanks to synchronization of the laser pulse with the rotor clock. The results outline the performance of in situ Raman technique to investigate steady and unsteady flows in turbine's conditions.
Comparison of internal organs between myostatin mutant and wild‐type piglets
Authors: Luo Zhao‐Bo , Luo Qi‐Rong , Xuan Mei‐Fu , Han Sheng‐Zhong , Wang Jun‐Xia , Guo Qing , Choe Yong-Gyu , Jin Song‐Shan , Kang Jin‐Dan , Yin Xi‐Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates skeletal muscle development; however, its functions in internal organs have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we compared the morphological, molecular, and biological characteristics of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and tongue of homozygous MSTN mutant (MSTN−/−), heterozygous MSTN mutant (MSTN+/−), and wild‐type (WT) piglets.RESULTSThe heart and liver were lighter in MSTN−/− piglets than in MSTN+/− piglets, while the tongue was heavier in MSTN−/− piglets than in WT piglets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the tongue was longer in MSTN−/− piglets than in WT piglets, and myofibers of the tongue were significantly larger in the former piglets than in the latter ones (P < 0.01). mRNA expression of MSTN in all organs was significantly lower in MSTN−/− and MSTN+/− piglets than in WT piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, mRNA expression of follistatin, which is closely related to MSTN, in the heart and liver was significantly higher in MSTN−/− piglets than in MSTN+/− and WT piglets (P < 0.05). In addition, protein expression of MSTN in the heart, kidneys, and tongue was significantly lower in MSTN−/− piglets than in WT piglets (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that MSTN is widely expressed and has marked effects in multiple internal organs. Myostatin has crucial functions in regulating internal organ size, especially the tongue. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Study on Thermal Stability and Decomposition Kinetics of Bis (2,2‐Dinitropropyl) Fumarate (BDNPF) as a Melt Cast Explosive by Model‐Free Methods
Authors: Abrishami Fatemeh , Chizari Mostafa , Zohari Narges , Pourmosavi Seyed Ali 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBis (2,2‐ dinitropropyl) fumarate (BDNPF) as a melt cast explosive can be used alone or in combination with inert melt castable thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) diluents. In this work, the BDNPF synthesized and the structure of it were verified by IR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of BDNPF was studied by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and thermogravimetery (TG) techniques. The influence of the heating rate (5, 7, 10 and 15 °C/min) showed that with increased heating rate the decomposition temperature of the compound rose. Also, the kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor for this compound were obtained from the DSC‐TGA data by non‐isothermal methods proposed by ASTM E698 and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO). The critical temperatures were estimated at 241.61 °C and 241.85 °C for BDNPF by using ASTM and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa data, respectively.
Electrochemical Detection of 4‐Chlorophenol Using Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Thulium Double‐Decker Phthalocyanine Salts
Authors: Sekhosana Kutloano Edward , Shumba Munyaradzi , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper presents newly developed electrochemical sensors based on green and blue lanthanide double‐decker phthalocyanines (LnPc2), with the green LnPc2 derivative referred to as 2 a while the blue counterpart is designated 2 b. The modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) based on the blue LnPc2 complex is referred to as 2 b‐GCE while that which is based on the green LnPc2 complex is named 2 a‐GCE. The oxidation of 4‐chlorophenol is extensively investigated and found to differ from one modified electrode to the next. Interestingly, the electrode modified with blue LnPc2 complex (2 b‐GCE) showed lower peak potential 0.88 V vs Ag|AgCl and higher catalytic current of 593 μA compared to that based on the green LnPc2 counterpart (2 b‐GCE) which exhibited ∼ 1.05 V vs Ag|AgCl and 65 μA, respectively. Remarkable differences in Tafel slopes were also found to be complimented by high rate constants in the order: 2 b‐GCE>2 a‐GCE. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) was found for 2 b‐GCE at 4.16 ×10−8 M in comparison to that for 2 a‐GCE at 6.14 ×10−6 M. When investigating the electrochemical behavior, it was found that the first one‐electron oxidation minus the first one‐electron reduction differences were very low at 0.36 V and 0.55 V vs Ag|AgCl for 2 b and 2 a, respectively. Such values are comparable to the literature values for lutetium bisphthalocyanines.
Tiny Ruthenium‐Cobalt‐Cobalt Hydroxide Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene for Efficiently Catalyzing Naphthalene Complete Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhu Lihua , Cui Jingjing , Ruan Luna , Zhang Huan , Yu Changlin , Chen Bing Hui , Xiao Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nanocatalyst of graphene‐supported ruthenium/cobalt/cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (denoted as Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G) was obtained at ambient temperature by using chemical reduction with hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent and galvanic replacement reaction methods. The nanostructure of Ru nanoclusters‐on‐cobalt‐on‐cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) has been proved in Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (STEM‐EDS) elemental line scanning and mapping analysis, and high‐sensitivity low‐energy ion scattering (HS‐LEIS) measurement techniques. The Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and 100% selectivity toward decalin for naphthalene hydrogenation reaction at the reaction temperature of 100 °C under initial 4.48 MPa hydrogen pressure probably owing to the synergetic effect of Ru, Co and Co(OH)2 active sites.
Selective Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Silica‐Supported Polyaminals
Authors: Senthilkumaran Marimuthu , Saravanan Chokalingam , Eswaran Lakshmanan , Puthiaraj Pillaiyar , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of a stable CO2 sequestration material is an urgent need for effective CO2 capture applications. In this sense, the silica supported materials are envisaged as promising materials. In this work the synthesis of silica supported polyaminals (Si‐PA‐1 and Si‐PA‐2) by single step condensation is achieved and characterized by FT‐IR and solid‐state NMR spectral techniques. The surface morphology and crystallinity are studied using SEM and PXRD techniques. The BET surface of the Si‐PA‐1 and Si‐PA‐2 is around 155 m2/g which is demonstrated using N2 adsorption. The CO2 uptake for Si‐PA‐1 and Si‐PA‐2 are observed around 45 mg/g. The high selectivity of CO2 over N2 (180.6) and considerable selectivity of CO2 over CH4 (38.7) are observed. Two types of adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich model) are used to evaluate isotherm parameters. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb's free energy, change in enthalpy and entropy are calculated from Van't Hoff equation and these results suggest that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic process. The physical interaction between Si‐PAs and CO2 is confirmed by the heat of adsorption (37‐22 KJ/mol) evaluated from Clausius–Clapeyron equation.
Photochromic Properties of Novel One‐pot Multicomponent Synthesized Tetraarylimidazoles
Authors: Nadamani Meysam Pasandideh , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Zanjanchi Mohammad Ali , Nahzomi Hossein Taherpour 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAcetic acid mediated synthesis of novel tetraarylimidazoles derivatives has been reported via multicomponent reaction of benzil or phenanthrene‐9,10‐dione, NH4OAc, vanillin and aniline derivatives under microwave irradiation. Several novel tetraarylimidazole derivatives, phenanthroimidazole and bis‐tetraphenylimidazole bearing a 2‐methoxyphenol substituent at position 2 of imidazole ring were prepared. The advantages of this method are the one‐pot preparation of compounds, in short reaction times (4‐7 min) and good yields. All synthesized compounds with a 2‐methoxyphenol substituent at position 2 of imidazole ring exhibited good photochromic behavior. The photoisomerization can be performed from ground state to triplet excited state according to TD‐DFT calculation. The results showed that the presence of ortho‐methoxy substituent to hydroxyl substitution has the greatest effect on photochromic properties of target compounds. Furthermore, a pattern was successfully visualized upon UV light irradiation, which suggested that these compounds can be served as a security ink or an anti‐counterfeiting mark for photo printing.
CoFe2O4@SiO2‐PA‐CC‐Guanidine MNPs as an Efficient Catalyst for the One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of Pyrazolopyranopyrimidines
Authors: Rostami Hedieh , Shiri Lotfi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new and mild protocol for the synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines using CoFe2O4@SiO2‐PA‐CC‐Guanidine MNPs in water at room temperature was reported. Pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from reaction between hydrazine hydrate, ethylacetoacetate, aldehydes and barbituric acid derivatives in good to excellent yields. This nanocatalyst was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. CoFe2O4@SiO2‐PA‐CC‐Guanidine MNPs have high activity and easy separation from the reaction mixture. This magnetic nanocatalyst has recovery capability and can be reused for the several times.
Realization of Visible Light Photocatalysis by Wide Band Gap Pure SnO2 and Study of In2O3 Sensitization Porous SnO2 Photolysis Catalyst
Authors: Peng Li , Xiao Yang , Wang Xiao‐li , Feng Da‐wei , Yu Hui , Dong Xiang‐ting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSnO2 is a wide band gap semiconductor which has no photocatalysis under visible light. In this study, the disordered porous SnO2 precursor was constructed which showed obvious photocatalysis under visible light irradiation. Its degradation rate to RhB was 51.66% after 100 min, and the amount of hydrogen produced could reach 11.13 mmol⋅g−1 after 3.5 h under visible light irradiation. And then, In2O3 was used as sensitizer to increase the specific surface area of porous SnO2 matrix. The specific surface area of porous SnO2 was increased from 167.355 m2⋅g−1 to 544.394 m2⋅g−1 when the doping amount of In2O3 was 1.5 wt.%. The photocatalytic properties of the porous SnO2 matrix was also vastly increased. The highest photocatalytic activity was observed for the In2O3/SnO2‐1.5 sample, the degradation rate of RhB was 93.50% after 100 min which was 1.85 times of the SnO2 matrix, and the hydrogen production rate could reach 21.51 mmol⋅g−1 after 3.5 h which was 1.94 times of the SnO2 matrix under visible light irradiation. The catalyst had a much higher stability which could be recycled utilize.
Effects of single and combined immunotherapy approach targeting amyloid β protein and α‐synuclein in a dementia with Lewy bodies–like model
Authors: Mandler Markus , Rockenstein Edward , Overk Cassia , Mante Michael , Florio Jazmin , Adame Anthony , Kim Changyoun , Santic Radmila , Schneeberger Achim , Mattner Frank , Schmidhuber Sabine , Galabova Gergana , Spencer Brian , Masliah Eliezer , Rissman Robert A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionImmunotherapeutic approaches targeting amyloid β (Aβ) protein and tau in Alzheimer's disease and α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in Parkinson's disease are being developed for treating dementia with Lewy bodies. However, it is unknown if single or combined immunotherapies targeting Aβ and/or α‐syn may be effective.MethodsAmyloid precursor protein/α‐syn tg mice were immunized with AFFITOPEs® (AFF) peptides specific to Aβ (AD02) or α‐syn (PD‐AFF1) and the combination.ResultsAD02 more effectively reduced Aβ and pTau burden; however, the combination exhibited some additive effects. Both AD02 and PD‐AFF1 effectively reduced α‐syn, ameliorated degeneration of pyramidal neurons, and reduced neuroinflammation. PD‐AFF1 more effectively ameliorated cholinergic and dopaminergic fiber loss; the combined immunization displayed additive effects. AD02 more effectively improved buried pellet test behavior, whereas PD‐AFF1 more effectively improved horizontal beam test; the combined immunization displayed additive effects.DiscussionSpecific active immunotherapy targeting Aβ and/or α‐syn may be of potential interest for the treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies.
System analysis of turbo-electric and hybrid-electric propulsion systems on a regional aircraft
Authors: Gesell Hendrik , Wolters Florian , Plohr Martin 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe increasing environmental requirements in the air transport sector pose great challenges to the aviation industry and are key drivers for innovation. Besides various approaches for increasing the efficiency of conventional gas turbine engines, electric propulsion systems have moved into the focus of aviation research. The first electric concepts are already in service in general aviation. This study analyses the potentials of electric and turbo hybrid propulsion systems for commercial aviation. Its purpose is to compare various architectures of electrical powertrains with a conventional turboprop on a regional aircraft, similar to the ATR 72, on engine and flight mission levels. The considered architectures include a turbo-electric (power controlled and direct driven), hybrid-electric (serial and parallel) and a pure electric concept. Their system weights are determined using today’s technology assumptions. With the help of performance models and flight mission calculations the impact on fuel consumption, CO
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emissions and aircraft performance is evaluated.
Social Media Usage During Disasters: Exploring the Impact of Location and Distance on Online Engagement
Authors: Deng Qing , Liu Yi , Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Hui , Deng Xiaolong 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSocial media play an important role in emergency management. The location of citizens and distance from a disaster influence the social media usage patterns. Using the Tianjin Port Explosion, we apply the correlation analysis and regression analysis to explore the relationship between online engagement and location. Citizens’ online engagement is estimated by social media. Three dimensions of the psychological distance – spatial, temporal, and social distances – are applied to measure the effects of location and distance. Online engagement is negatively correlated to such 3 kinds of the distance, which indicates that citizens may pay less attention to a disaster that happens at a far away location and at an area of less interaction or at a relatively long period of time. Furthermore, a linear model is proposed to measure the psychological distance. The quantification relationship between online engagement and psychological distance is discussed. The result enhances our understanding of social media usage patterns related to location and distance. The study gives a new insight on situation awareness, decision-making during disasters.
A Postcolonial Dilemma Tale from the Harbour of St. Thomas in the US Virgin Islands
Authors: Brichet Nathalia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe port of Charlotte Amalie on St. Thomas has long been a vibrant centre for ship trafficking in the Caribbean, as it was during Danish colonial rule starting in 1672. In 1917, Denmark officially sold and left what became the US Virgin Islands. Not everybody left, though. The Danish-owned West Indian Company, which owned the majority of the St. Thomas port and its attendant facilities, stayed until 1993. At that point the harbour was sold to the Virgin Islanders, who for some time had complained about the fact that a Danish company still profited from the islands. The harbour of Charlotte Amalie, which is my central analytical unit here, thus provides a lens through which to approach Danish colonial imprints.The harbour is and has been characterised by activities of a temporary and opportunistic kind: industries blossom, people and crops from far away get uprooted and replanted in the Caribbean, businesses provide work for locals, goods are shipped out to be consumed in other places. The transitory nature of projects designed by people elsewhere, I argue, is part of what colonialism is. As I will show, the traces of such projects appear not only as particular ecologies but also as dilemmas to be grappled with long after the foreign decision-makers have left. My approach to colonial legacies on the Virgin Islands, then, mobilises the shifting flows of people, commodities, and interests shipped in and out of Charlotte Amalie to leave behind altered landscapes that are continuously debated.