bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Network Optimization and Resiliency Analysis Towards Mission Assurance
Authors: Scott Daniel J. , Jensen David C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Network optimization and resiliency analysis are pivotal domains revealing network functionality, strength, and resilience. Despite their promise, these methodologies often encounter integration limitations, scalability issues, or functional gaps, prompting the need for further development.
This paper explores the characteristics of network optimization and resiliency analysis, presenting existing methodologies, discussing their limitations, and proposing a new approach. Our proposed method integrates genetic algorithms (GAs) and weighted degradation analysis to address these shortcomings effectively.
Our research emphasizes the integration of GAs for network optimization and weighted degradation analysis for resiliency assessment. Through a case study focusing on an electrical grid system, we elucidate the efficacy and challenges of our proposed methodologies. While GAs efficiently generate optimized networks, they encounter inconsistencies due to algorithmic issues. Similarly, weighted degradation analysis demonstrates forward propagation capabilities but faces challenges in assessing back-propagation issues adequately.
Network optimization and resiliency analysis play a crucial role in understanding network characteristics, contributing to overall network assurance and mission success. This study underscores the importance of ongoing refinement and resolution of algorithmic issues to fully leverage these methodologies. Further research is essential to overcoming existing challenges and seamlessly integrating these methodologies into mission-critical systems, thereby enhancing network understanding and optimization capabilities.
The Use of Narrative Methods to Generate Engineering Design Knowledge: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Loweth Robert P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Narrative inquiry is a form of qualitative research in which researchers derive meaning from narratives of individuals’ experiences. This scoping literature review explored how narrative methods have been used to generate engineering design knowledge. Sixteen papers met the author’s inclusion criteria. The author reviewed these papers to identify their research questions, the types of narratives employed to answer these research questions, and the methods that researchers used to derive meaning from their narratives. Five papers involved arts-based narratives: four analyzed visualizations of students’ design processes while one synthesized student design processes into a descriptive timeline. Five papers analyzed documentary narratives comprised of audio or video recordings of designers engaged in design work. Five papers analyzed biographical narratives derived from interviews with designers or from ethnographic study of design projects. Only one paper used an autobiographical narrative to examine liberatory design practices. Fourteen papers addressed their study aims by applying categorizing analysis processes to narratives. Only two papers created narratives from data as a method to explain their findings. Opportunities for deeper engagement with narrative methods in engineering design research include leveraging arts-based narratives to study experienced designers, synthesizing explanatory narratives, leveraging narratives to study design equity, and leveraging autobiographical narratives.
Measurement of Chaotic Complexity in Multibody Dynamics Planar Mechanism With Clearance Using Entropy Representation
Authors: Yousuf Louay S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A planar mechanism of a two cam and concentric flat faced follower and oscillated roller follower in tis guides with clearance is considered in this paper. There is a clearance between the roller follower and its guides while the two cam is connected to the concentric flat faced follower. The roller follower is concentric with flat faced follower at a revolute joint. The contact and impact is happened between the two cam and concentric flat faced follower and between the roller follower and the two guides at different cam speeds and different guide’s follower gap. The time delay is determined from average mutual information algorithm while the embedding dimensions is calculated using global false nearest neighbors algorithm. The novel feature of chaotic complexity is measured using spectral entropy, permutation entropy, approximate and sample entropy at different cam speeds and different guide’s follower gap. SolidWorks program is used in the simulation of the follower motion. The roller follower is moved with three degrees of freedom inside its guides which causes the chaotic complexity. MatLab algorithm is used to extract the value of the entropy. The high entropy value the more chaos phenomenon in the dynamical system.
Applied AI in Assessing Design Education: A Comparison of Design Progress Evaluation Between AI Dashboard and Conventional Human Evaluators
Authors: Chiu Matt , Silva Arlindo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The process of design in education is generally broad, which makes it difficult to measure. It is human-centric in nature, thus assessment is often qualitative and involves comparing students’ performance or grading. The dynamic nature of design processes also takes a lot of time from educators to fully understand the progress made by student design teams in order to provide critical and essential feedback. As such, time becomes a valuable and important resource that educators need to ration to keep the pace of the class while ensuring students meet their learning objectives and milestones. This paper showcases a method of visualizing the design process of students through a dashboard using divergent and convergent thinking as metrics across individual, team, and cohort levels, with the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. Such a dashboard allows educators a quantitative means to receive “real-time” feedback on the performance made in a large cohort of students and enables some optimization of the time spent assessing their progress. An evaluation of this approach compares the difference between the visualization of results produced by an AI-enabled dashboard and conventional human evaluators, showcasing similarities and contrasts. This paper ends with a discussion about the viability of the AI tool, presenting the current limitations and future potential.
Extended Position-Based Dynamics Virtual Reality Simulator for Thoracoscopic Surgery Training
Authors: Piazzolla Pietro , Rossoni Marco , Buttiglione Marco Domenico , Lucania Elena , Colombo Giorgio , Guerrera Francesco , Gribaudo Marco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Conducting thoracoscopic surgery necessitates a high level of skill and specialized training. In addition to practicing on actual patients, surgeons utilize various safer training methods. A widely used training apparatus is the laparoscopic box, which contains multiple compartments fitted with training modules to replicate diverse surgical scenarios accurately. Unfortunately, the cost of these devices can be prohibitively high, making it challenging for individual students to acquire their own. Virtual Reality has emerged as a promising solution, especially due to the decreasing costs of VR equipment, which makes it more accessible. This study details our progress in enhancing training for lung surgeries by leveraging cost-effective VR technologies with head-mounted displays. In particular, simulations of thoracoscopic surgery scenarios within a VR environment have been developed, aiming to create training exercises that serve as an initial step before advancing to laparoscopic simulation boxes and, ultimately, actual surgical procedures on patients. For reproducing the behaviour of the soft lung tissues, we used a recent version of the Extended Position-Based Dynamics (XPBD) model, which solves some of the known problems encountered in the traditional PBD system, thereby enhancing the realism of the simulation.
The Third Law of Gearing: A Surface Defining Maximum Relative Curvature of Conjugate Gear Flanks
Authors: Dooner David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gear flanks are a special case of two surfaces in direct contact; the restriction being that the surface normal between the two flanks maintains a desired gear speed ratio. This restriction is commonly referred to as reciprocity and the surfaces are considered conjugate. At any instant, there exists a maximum and minimum relative curvature for conjugated gear flanks. These extreme curvature values are affected by tooth profile modifications (viz., profile relief and lead crown). The third law of gearing establishes limiting values on the extreme relative curvatures for unmodified gear flanks. The lower limit is zero implying line contact between the gear flanks. The upper limit on the relative curvature between gear flank depends on the instantaneous pressure angle, spiral angle, and gear architecture (viz., speed ratio, shaft angle, and offset). An overview of these relations is presented. Introduced is a curvature surface that illustrates all candidate maximum relative curvatures by considering all possible pressure angles. This surface is independent of the tooth profile geometry (viz., involute, cycloid, or other). An automotive hypoid gear set is presented to illustrate the curvature surface.
On the Improved Efficiency of Higher-Order Dynamics for Computing Resonant Frequencies
Authors: Becker Eric T. , Inman Daniel J. , Sanders John W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It was recently discovered that higher-order dynamics are intrinsically variational, in the sense that higher-derivative versions of the classical equations of motion can always be derived from a minimum-action principle similar to Hamilton’s principle, even when the physical system is non-conservative. This discovery has already led to several applications, including a new and more efficient algorithm for computing a non-proportionally damped system’s resonant frequencies, based on the fourth-order system dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the source of this improved efficiency in greater detail. We find that the improved efficiency of the new resonant frequency algorithm is due almost entirely to savings in computing the eigenvalues of the system’s stiffness matrix Ω˜. This result is surprising in light of the ostensible complexity of this matrix. Nevertheless, the savings are shown to be statistically significant, with attained significance levels below machine precision. Although a rigorous mathematical explanation remains elusive, empirical results presented here lead us to conjecture that the reason may have to do with the unique block structure of the stiffness matrix, which it inherits from the mathematically Hamiltonian structure of the fourth-order formulation. The present authors believe there may be additional applications of higher-order dynamics waiting to be discovered, and we conclude the paper with a few potential ideas to explore.
Extension of Hamiltonian Mechanics to Non-Conservative Systems
Authors: Sanders John W. , Becker Eric T. , DeVoria Adam C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed review of the emerging topic of higher-order dynamics and their intrinsic variational structure, which has enabled — for the very first time in history — the general application of Hamiltonian formalism to non-conservative systems. Here the general theory is presented alongside several interesting applications that have been discovered to date. These include the direct modal analysis of non-proportionally damped dynamical systems, a new and more efficient algorithm for computing the resonant frequencies of damped systems with many degrees of freedom, and a canonical Hamiltonian formulation of the Navier-Stokes problem. A significant merit of the Hamiltonian formalism is that it leads to the transformation theory of Hamilton and Jacobi, and specifically the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, which reduces even the most complicated of problems to the search for a single scalar function (or functional, for problems in continuum mechanics). With the extension of the Hamiltonian framework to non-conservative systems, now every problem in classical mechanics can be reduced to the search for a single scalar. This discovery provides abundant opportunities for further research, and here we list just a few potential ideas. Indeed, the present authors believe there may be many more applications of higher-order dynamics waiting to be discovered.
Student Understanding of Prototyping in Capstone Projects
Authors: Adebayo Oredola , Kumar Pavan , Malik Vipul , Summers Joshua D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the evolving understanding and application of prototyping among twenty undergraduate mechanical engineering students involved in their capstone projects. Employing a four-stage survey design approach, the research explores how students’ baseline knowledge, perceptions, and collaborative experiences with prototyping evolve throughout the project. Student definitions of prototyping are compared to a literature-based definition to determine conceptual understanding. These, in addition to other student factors, such as types of prototypes, facilities, tools used in the past are aggregated into composite team profiles that are compared. This includes systematically capturing the students’ conceptual understanding through definitions that are compared with established literature-based definitions of prototypes and prototyping. Additionally, the evolution of students’ perceptions of prototyping is elucidated. It is seen that students and teams’ perceptions of prototyping do change throughout the project, likely because of engaging with the prototypes. The results reveal that while a deeper grasp of prototyping does not align with proficient results, it generally leads to avoiding poor project outcomes. This emphasizes the importance of equipping students with early exposure and knowledge of prototyping principles. This study aims to inform educational practices and encourage effective use of prototyping in capstone projects and real-world engineering contexts, ultimately providing valuable insights into its role in student learning and project success.
Development of a Hybrid Harvester for Collecting Energy From Wind and Vibrations in Light Vehicles
Authors: Pasetto Alberto , Tonan Michele , Doria Alberto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A bicycle experiences road-excited vibrations and is impacted by a wind flow. Both these phenomena can be exploited for energy harvesting. Previous research showed that the tuning of the harvester to road-excited vibrations requires a low natural frequency that can be achieved by means of a large tip mass. This tip mass can be used to equip the harvester with a bluff body for energy harvesting from wind-excited vibrations. The interaction between the bluff body and the wind flow generates a vortex shedding phenomenon that at a certain wind velocity is able to excite the harvester in resonance condition. Moreover, the turbulence of the incoming wind is able to excite the bluff body in the high velocity range (buffeting excitation). The paper deals with mathematical and experimental analyses for the development of a hybrid piezoelectric harvester able to scavenge energy from road-excited vibrations and wind. A multi-physical mathematical model that takes into account the couplings between the mechanical, electrical and fluid domains is developed. The coupled equations are solved in Matlab and are used for the harvester design. Two prototypes are developed and tested. The results of experimental tests carried out in a wind tunnel and in open space show the potentialities of the proposed harvester layout.
Development and Validation of a 3d Force and Moment Balancing Simulation Software for Evaluating Wall Climbing Robots on Varied Surfaces
Authors: Elgavish Ethan , Pryor Mitch 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the development and validation of a software tool for evaluating the performance of wall climbing robots across a wide spectrum of orientations, surfaces, and surface curvatures. Utilizing a three-dimensional force and moment balancing algorithm, the software predicts potential failure modes pertinent to various designs and adherence modalities of wall climbing robots. The algorithm’s architecture enables it to accommodate different surface types, robot configurations, and adherence mechanisms, making it a versatile tool for robotic research and development. The accuracy of the simulation is validated through experimental testing with a suction-based wall climbing robot developed to inspect horizontal dry cask storage cylinders for spent nuclear fuel. Additionally, the paper illustrates the software’s extensibility by adapting the algorithm for a magnetic wall climbing robot utilized on vertical tanks in the Oil and Gas industry, showcasing its broad applicability in enhancing the design and performance of robotic systems. The findings not only highlight the critical role of geometric and mechanical parameters in robot performance but also offer insights into optimizing robot designs for improved functionality and reliability. This tool has been made available to the robotics and design community, facilitating the advancement of wall climbing robots for industrial and research applications.
Seamless Integration of Multibody and Orbital Dynamics to Support Human Spaceflight Simulations
Authors: Sullivan Christopher C. , Brain Thomas A. , Quiocho Leslie J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
At the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), modeling capability requirements are often driven by the need to simulate upcoming mission scenarios for analysis, procedures development, and training. In preparation for free-flyer vehicle capture, maneuvers, and release, it was determined that the multibody dynamics capabilities provided by MBDyn and the orbital dynamics capabilities supplied by JEOD needed to be merged to properly simulate the dynamic behaviors expected on orbit. After initial attempts to combine the two packages proved cumbersome, it was decided that a more refined solution was required to facilitate the interface between these two packages. The resulting interface software package was named MBJEOD. The primary design goals for this new package were to leave MBDyn and JEOD untouched, to simplify and clarify simulation initialization for users, and to support any topology or on-orbit operational scenario that future missions might require. This paper provides a detailed overview of MBJEOD and the approach taken to seamlessly integrate the multibody dynamics of MBDyn with the orbital dynamics of JEOD. Additional attention is given to the numerical considerations required for MBJEOD and the simplifying assumptions leveraged to provide for real-time simulation needs. Verification and validation are addressed and current MBJEOD applications at the NASA JSC are discussed.
Modal Analysis Technique of Metal Pushing V-Belt During CVT Operation
Authors: Saito Toshihiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A finite element analysis method has been developed to clarify metal belt vibration modes during CVT ratio shift transition. A feedback control program that follows the target ratio was compiled and linked to an explicit finite element solver for the metal belt behavior during actual CVT operation, and the friction characteristics of the belt sliding parts were also reflected in the analysis model. Based on the obtained finite element strain and displacement states at arbitrary times, contact constraints were automatically applied and an implicit finite element modal analysis was conducted. Vibration modes that match with metal V-belt noise frequencies and the effect of sliding velocity on dynamic friction characteristics were quantitatively clarified.
Plant Fairy: Improve Human-Plant Interaction for Children
Authors: Lu Yujia , Zhou Yi , Gong Hebo , Li Yan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to facilitate interaction between children and plants as a form of education about ecosystem conservation. Planting is a desired access to contact with nature in the family environment because it is safer than animals and easy care. But children may have trouble treating plants as nature life, and may not find them attractive. Plants essentially have no ability to voluntarily move, express themselves and vocalize; thus, they are hard to give instant feedback to get human’s attention and evoke human’s empathy. In light of these conditions, we propose an interactive system, called Plant Fairy, that uses augmented reality as an expressive medium to anthropomorphize plants and create a more dynamic and engaging experience to evoke children’s empathy and convey plants’ needs for survival to children. The system comprises environmental sensors and an AR interface that communicates via Bluetooth to translates environmental changes and human interactions into visual and auditory feedback. We conduct a user study with children and their caregivers to confirm the system’s effectiveness. The results indicate our system can improve children’s perception of plants as living entities and be more attractive to children than normal plants. Overall, the “Plant Fairy” system demonstrates the potential of AR in education, particularly for stimulating children’s cognitive development and fostering a deeper understanding of plant life.
Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Conjugated Face-Milled and Face-Hobbed Hypoid Gear Drives
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Ignacio , Fuentes-Aznar Alfonso 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A comparative analysis of the mechanical behavior of conjugated face-milled and face-hobbed hypoid gear drives is presented. The analytical determination of the basic machine-tool settings is conducted for both systems of generation and applicable to hypoid gear drives at any shaft angle, assuring the absence of kinematic transmission errors. However, the implementation of a tip relief is required to ensure a smooth load transition between consecutive pairs of teeth while preserving the conjugated action between tooth surfaces. The impact of the generating process and cutter radius selection on contact stress, bending stress, loaded transmission errors, efficiency, and sensitivity of the contact pattern to the presence of errors of alignment is presented. The comparative analysis reveals a similar mechanical behavior for both systems of generation, although in face-hobbed hypoid gear drives it is possible to slightly reduce the level of contact stress compared to face-milled hypoid gear drives for the same cutter radius selection. Furthermore, although increasing the cutter radius provides a modest reduction in contact stresses, a detailed sensitivity analysis of contact pattern shifts due to alignment errors highlights the importance of selecting the cutter radius within the lower bounds of the range recommended by the Information Sheet AGMA 22849-A12.