bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical promotional activity and patient’s quality of life
Authors: Umar Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of these unethical promotional activities on patient’s quality of life.

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were conducted, and then quantitative method was also used on a large number of health care professionals.

Findings
Findings of the study demonstrated that unethical activities influence biased prescriptions and then it helps to misuse of medicines. The drug resistance is also affected by misuse of medicines. Misuse of medicine further affects on financial burden on patient. Drug resistance has impact on health compromise. Furthermore, finding of the study describes that drug resistance, health compromise and financial lead to the imbalance of patient’s quality of life. Overall, findings revealed that pharmaceutical unethical promotional activity to achieve sales target is also a major cause of elements that disturbs patient’s quality of life.

Originality/value
This is a research paper and not published before.
SEC credits self-reporting and cooperation in not imposing penalty on ICO sponsor
Authors: Hawke Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
To explain a February 20, 2019 US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) settled enforcement action against Gladius Network LLC for failing to register an initial coin offering (ICO) under the federal securities laws, in which Gladius was able to avoid a civil penalty by self-reporting the violation and cooperating with the SEC enforcement staff.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains Gladius’ self-reporting, cooperation and remedial steps; why the SEC imposed no civil penalty on Gladius; and two similar cases the SEC instituted in July 2018 against companies that conducted unregistered ICOs, did not self-report, and were penalized. Provides analysis and conclusions.

Findings
The Gladius case offers important insight into how the SEC and its staff think about cooperation credit in resolving SEC enforcement actions and sends a clear message that self-reporting to the SEC can result in meaningful cooperation credit. In three recent cases, the Commission has made clear that once it put the industry on notice that ICOs could be securities that must be registered under the federal securities laws, a party risks enforcement action by failing to do so.

Originality/value
Expert analysis and guidance from an experienced securities lawyer who counsels clients on all manner of SEC enforcement, examination and regulatory policy matters.
Does financial development and trade openness enhance industrial energy consumption? A sustainable developmental perspective
Authors: Haider Salman , Adil Masudul Hasan 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is investigate the dynamic linkages among industrial energy use, industrial value added, financial development (FD) and trade openness, in case of India. The study covers the annual frequency data on both aggregate and disaggregate variables for the period 1971–2016.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach is applied to examine the long-run relation among variables under consideration. Also, Johansen and Juselius (1990) and vector error-correction mechanism results confirm the result of cointegration. Furthermore, non-linear relationship in the model is also tested.FindingsIt has been found that there exists long-run relationship among variables. Long-run estimates show that increasing FD leads to more energy uses. Hence, FD should be directed in such a way that it incentivises firms to invest in energy-efficient technology. Furthermore, it is also found that study supports the evidence of conservative hypothesis, which supports that the energy conservation policy should be adopted in the industrial sector. Energy efficiency programme needs to be designed very carefully to achieve a higher level of energy efficiency. This leads to a sustainable growth and low carbon emission.Originality/valueThis paper examines the recent trend in Indian industrial energy consumption and does a comprehensive analysis using a robust econometric method. We have developed a lucid model to examine the deriving factors of industrial energy consumption.
The revenue persistence of US accounting firms: impacts of SOX and financial crisis
Authors: Song KiKyung , Whang Eunyoung 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Typical accounting firms offer three types of accounting services to their clients: accounting and auditing (AA), tax (TAX) and management advisory services (MAS). Each accounting service has a different revenue persistence. Moreover, revenue persistence is affected by exogenous events such as new regulations (e.g. Sarbanes-Oxley Act [SOX] in 2002) and market conditions (e.g. the financial crisis of 2008). This paper aims to examine the revenue persistence of accounting services and how it is affected by SOX and the financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
Using 742 firm-year observations from 100 of the largest US accounting firms from 1999 to 2015, this paper examines whether revenue from AA, TAX and MAS has different degrees of persistence and how SOX and the financial crisis in 2008 change the revenue persistence of each accounting service.

Findings
This paper finds that MAS generates more persistent revenue than AA and TAX. SOX enhances the revenue persistence of MAS. The financial crisis makes revenue from AA less persistent than during the pre-financial crisis period.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the understanding of the revenue persistence of accounting services and the impact of exogenous events such as SOX and the financial crisis of 2008.
Behavioral analysis of long-term implied volatilities
Authors: Xu Min , Xie Hong , Wu Yuehua 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze different behaviors between long-term options’ implied volatilities and realized volatilities.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a widely adopted short interest rate model that describes a stochastic process of the short interest rate to capture interest rate risk. Price a long-term option by a system of two stochastic processes to capture both underlying asset and interest rate volatilities. Model capital charges according to the Basel III regulatory specified approach. S&P 500 index and relevant data are used to illustrate how the proposed model works. Coup with the low interest rate scenario by first choosing an optimal time segment obtained by a multiple change-point detection method, and then using the data from the chosen time segment to estimate the CIR model parameters, and finally obtaining the final option price by incorporating the capital charge costs.

Findings
Monotonic increase in long-term option implied volatility can be explained mainly by interest rate risk, and the level of implied volatility can be explained by various valuation adjustments, particularly risk capital costs, which differ from existing published literatures that typically explained the differences in behaviors of long-term implied volatilities by the volatility of volatility or risk premium. The empirical results well explain long-term volatility behaviors.

Research limitations/implications
The authors only consider the market risk capital in this paper for demonstration purpose. Dealers may price the long-term options with the credit risk. It appears that other than the market risks such as underlying asset volatility and interest rate volatility, the market risk capital is a main nonmarket risk factor that significantly affects the long-term option prices.

Practical implications
Analysis helps readers and/or users of long-term options to understand why long-term option implied equity volatilities are much higher than observed. The framework offered in the paper provides some guidance if one would like to check if a long-term option is priced reasonable.

Originality/value
It is the first time to analyze mathematically long-term options’ volatility behavior in comparison with historically observed volatility.
Targeted ITS1 sequencing unravels the mycodiversity of deep‐sea sediments from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Vargas‐Gastélum Lluvia , Chong‐Robles Jennyfers , Lago‐Lestón Asunción , Darcy John L. , Amend Anthony S. , Riquelme Meritxell 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFungi from marine environments have been significantly less studied than terrestrial fungi. This study describes distribution patterns and associated habitat characteristics of the mycobiota of deep‐sea sediments collected from the Mexican exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), ranging between 1000 and > 3500 m depth. Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) amplicons were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. From 29 stations sampled across three annual campaigns, a total of 4421 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, indicating a high fungal richness. Most OTUs assignments corresponded to Ascomycota, unidentified fungi and Basidiomycota. The majority of the stations shared a mere 31 OTUs, including the worldwide reported genera Penicillium, Rhodotorula and Cladosporium. Both a transient and a conserved community were identified, suggesting their dependence on or adaptation to the habitat dynamics, respectively. The differences found in fungal richness and taxonomic compositions were correlated principally with latitude, carbon and carbonates content, and terrigenous content, which could be the potential drivers that delimit fungal distribution. This study represents an expansion of our current knowledge on the biogeography of the fungal community from deep‐sea sediments, and identifies the geographic and physicochemical properties that delimit fungal composition and distribution in the GoM.
Commemorating the 50‐Year Anniversary of Ball and Brown (1968): The Evolution of Capital Market Research over the Past 50 Years
Authors: KOTHARI S. P. , WASLEY CHARLES 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe commemorate the 50th anniversary of Ball and Brown [1968] by chronicling its impact on capital market research in accounting. We trace the evolution of various research paths that post–Ball and Brown [1968] researchers took as they sought to build on the foundation laid by Ball and Brown [1968] to create a body of research on the usefulness, timeliness, and other properties of accounting numbers. We discuss how those paths often link back to the groundwork laid and questions originally posed in Ball and Brown [1968].
Functioning of Concerned Others When Adults Enter Treatment for an Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Timko Christine , Grant Kathleen M. , Cucciare Michael A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPoor functioning among Concerned Others (COs; family and friends of an individual with an alcohol or other substance use disorder) is a significant public health problem. The purpose of this study was to inform interventions for COs by examining potential correlates of 3 aspects of functioning: quality of life, mental health, and knowledge of how to handle problems related to their drinker.MethodsThis study collected data from 277 COs when their friend or family member (their “drinker”) was entering treatment for an alcohol use disorder. Potential correlates were the drinker's substance use severity, the CO–drinker relationship and communication, and COs’ coping and perceived stigma related to involvement with their drinker.ResultsIn a summary analysis, only stressors in the CO–drinker relationship (the drinker's criticism, disagreement, anger, and demands) were consistently associated with poorer functioning as indicated by COs’ poorer quality of life and mental health. In contrast, only COs’ use of approach coping was associated with COs’ knowing how to handle problems related to the drinker.ConclusionsBecause reducing both relationship stressors and the link between stressors and poor functioning can be achieved through CO and drinker education and intervention, these findings inform how to effectively support COs’ goals for better functioning.
Electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression – effectiveness and prognostic factors
Authors: Popiolek K. , Bejerot S. , Brus O. , Hammar Å. , Landén M. , Lundberg J. , Nordanskog P. , Nordenskjöld A. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in patients with severe forms of bipolar depression. ECT is effective but not all patients respond. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors for response to ECT in patients hospitalized for bipolar depression.MethodsData were obtained from several national Swedish registers. All patients with bipolar depression treated with ECT in any hospital in Sweden between 2011 and 2016 for whom information about ECT response was available were included (n = 1251). Response was defined as a score on the Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scale of one or two. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to investigate associations between socio‐demographic and clinical factors and response.ResultsResponse was achieved in 80.2% patients. Older age was associated with higher response rate to ECT. Patients with comorbid obsessive‐compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and patients previously treated with lamotrigine had lower response rate.ConclusionElectroconvulsive therapy for bipolar depression was associated with very high response rates. The strongest prognostic factors were higher age, absence of comorbid obsessive‐compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and less prior pharmacologic treatment.
N‐acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism and acetylation profiles in Buginese ethnics of Indonesia
Authors: Yuliwulandari Rika , Susilowati Retno Wilujeng , Razari Intan , Viyati Kencono , Umniyati Helwiah , Prayuni Kinasih 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundN‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a key enzyme involved in the phase II metabolism of aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines present in a wide range of xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the NAT2 polymorphism in the Buginese ethnic group of Indonesia to determine the frequency of NAT2 alleles in this population.ResultsWe found six haplotypes consisting of six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and 12 NAT2 genotype variations. NAT2*6A haplotype (42%) showed the highest frequency, followed by NAT2*4 (33%), NAT2*7B (15%), NAT2*5B (5%), NAT2*12A (3%), and NAT2*13 (2%). In terms of phenotypes, the Buginese population comprised 18% rapid acetylators, 40% intermediate acetylators, and 42% slow acetylators.ConclusionWe confirmed the high‐frequency slow acetylator phenotype in the Buginese population. The NAT2*6A/*6A genotype was the most frequent slow acetylator genotype, followed by NAT2*6A/*7B. The pattern of NAT2 alleles of Buginese is similar to Southeast Asian populations but not Northeast Asian populations. However, the slow acetylator frequencies in the Buginese population were higher than those in Northeast Asian populations and lower than those in Caucasians and some American populations.
ANZSREI consensus statement on elective oocyte cryopreservation
Authors: Lew Raelia , Foo Jinny , Kroon Ben , Boothroyd Clare , Chapman Michael ,   Australasian CREI Consensus Expert Panel on Trial evidence (ACCEPT) group
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne in six Australian women and couples suffer infertility. A rising proportion relates to advanced maternal age, associated with poorer oocyte quality and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcomes. Internationally, oocyte cryopreservation technology applied to oocytes vitrified before 35 years provides similar live‐birth statistics compared to IVF treatment using fresh oocytes. Oocyte cryopreservation is accessible in Australasian settings and elective uptake is increasing. For women accessing treatment, oocyte cryopreservation may expand future family building options.AimsTo develop the first Australasian Certification in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (CREI) subspecialist‐led consensus guideline on oocyte cryopreservation.MethodsThe ANZSREI ACCEPT (Australasian CREI Consensus Expert Panel on Trial evidence group) met in 2017 and 2018 and identified clinical aspects of care for inclusion and review. Review of the available evidence was conducted and consensus statements prepared. Areas of dissent of expert opinion and for further research were noted.ResultsConsensus was reached on definition and best practice in oocyte cryopreservation for freeze method, controlled ovarian stimulation, medical risk reduction and treatment and outcomes counselling. The term ‘social egg freezing’ may marginalise, stigmatise or attribute social blame to women, and there is a need to revise this to a neutral and non‐judgemental term such as elective or planned oocyte cryopreservation.ConclusionOocyte cryopreservation has the potential to improve cumulative live birth outcomes for women. Implementation of this guideline should facilitate an optimal approach for providing care.
Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of ilaprazole infusion in healthy subjects and patients with esomeprazole as positive control
Authors: Wang Hongyun , Shao Feng , Liu Xuemei , Xu Wen , Ou Ning , Qin Xianghong , Liu Fang , Hou Xuemei , Hu Haitang , Jiang Ji 
Published: July 2019

AimsThe objectives were to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of ilaprazole infusion in healthy subjects and patients with esomeprazole as positive control, and then recommend the dosage regimen for Phase 2b/3 studies.MethodsThree clinical studies were performed. First, 16 healthy subjects received infusion of ilaprazole 30 mg or esomeprazole 80 mg. Second, 12 healthy subjects received ilaprazole 20 mg followed by 10 mg once daily for 2 days. Finally, 20 patients with duodenal ulcers received ilaprazole 20 mg followed by 10 mg for 2 days or esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily for 3 days. Serial blood samples were collected and intragastric pH was recorded.ResultsThe mean percentages time of intragastric pH >6 was 63.6 and 51.7% for healthy subjects after receiving ilaprazole 30 mg and esomeprazole 80 mg. Linear pharmacokinetics was observed when the dose was increased to 30 mg but the effect was saturated. Ilaprazole 20 mg followed by 10 mg for 2 days provided higher plasma exposure in healthy subjects than patients, but the effect was comparable. After multiple administrations, ilaprazole provided similar effect to esomeprazole. Ilaprazole infusion was safe and well tolerated without serious adverse events.ConclusionsIlaprazole provided comparable effect of pH control to esomeprazole, with lower dose and fewer times of administration. There was no significant difference of ilaprazole between healthy subjects and patients regarding intragastric acid inhibition. A loading dose of ilaprazole 20 mg followed by 10 mg once daily for 2 days was recommended for Phase 2b/3 studies.
When friends behave badly: Loneliness and children's expectations of friends and responses to transgressions
Authors: Nowland Rebecca A. , Balmer Dawn , Qualter Pamela 
Published: July 2019

Previous research has shown that friendships buffer against loneliness, but some children remain lonely despite having best friends. The current study examines relationships between loneliness and Friendship Functions, expectations, and responses to friendship transgressions in children with best friends (8–11 years; N = 177). Children completed questionnaires that measured loneliness, fulfilment of Friendship Functions, Friendship Expectations, and the Transgressions of Friendship Expectations Questionnaire (MacEvoy & Asher, Child Development, 83, 2012, 104). Findings in the current study showed that loneliness was associated with lower Friendship Expectations and higher reliable alliance in existing best friendships. Loneliness was also associated with lower sadness and lower perceptions of feeling controlled and devalued by their friend when they transgress. Thus, children with best friends experiencing high loneliness may be more permissiveness of friendship transgressions and may need support to ensure that they do not allow their friends to be unfair to them.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on the subject?

Friendships buffer children from loneliness, but some remain lonely despite having friends.

Loneliness has been associated with poor‐quality friendships.

But there is no examination of why children remain lonely when they have friends.

What the present study adds?

Lonely children overemphasize friendship qualities that help to maintain the relationship.

Loneliness was linked to expectations of being friends with less popular and well‐liked peers.

Lonely children placed less blame on their friends when they violated Friendship Expectations.
A qualitative transcriptional signature for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Guan Qingzhou , Zeng Qiuhong , Yan Haidan , Xie Jiajing , Cheng Jun , Ao Lu , He Jun , Zhao Wenyuan , Chen Kui , Guo You , Guan Guoxian , Guo Zheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrently, using biopsy specimens for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not entirely reliable due to insufficient sampling amount and inaccurate sampling location. Thus, it is necessary to develop a signature that can accurately identify patients with CRC under these clinical scenarios. Based on the relative expression orderings of genes within individual samples, we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature to discriminate CRC tissues, including CRC adjacent normal tissues from non‐CRC individuals. The signature was validated using multiple microarray and RNA sequencing data from different sources. In the training data, a signature consisting of 7 gene pairs was identified. It was well validated in both biopsy and surgical resection specimens from multiple datasets measured by different platforms. For biopsy specimens, 97.6% of 42 CRC tissues and 94.5% of 163 non‐CRC (normal or inflammatory bowel disease) tissues were correctly classified. For surgically resected specimens, 99.5% of 854 CRC tissues and 96.3% of 81 CRC adjacent normal tissues were correctly identified as CRC. Notably, we additionally measured 33 CRC biopsy specimens by the Affymetrix platform and 13 CRC surgical resection specimens, with different proportions of tumor epithelial cells, ranging from 40% to 100%, by the RNA sequencing platform, and all these samples were correctly identified as CRC. The signature can be used for the early diagnosis of CRC, which is also suitable for minimum biopsy specimens and inaccurately sampled specimens, and thus has potential value for clinical application.