bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence that ground‐disturbance benefits Woodlark Lullula arborea
Authors: Hawkes Robert W. , Smart Jennifer , Brown Andy , Jones Helen , Dolman Paul M. 
Published: November 2018

To determine whether ground‐disturbance increased Woodlark Lullula arborea abundance, we examined responses over 3 years to four treatments varying in establishment method (shallow‐ or deep‐cultivated) and complexity (homogeneous or ‘complex‐mosaics’ comprising fallow and recently cultivated subplots), plus controls, replicated across the largest lowland grass‐heath in the UK. Abundance increased through the study and was higher on plots closer to woodland and across all treatments. Within complex‐mosaics, Woodlark preferentially used recently cultivated subplots over 1‐ or 2‐year‐old fallows. Regardless of treatment detail, providing suitable foraging habitat within c. 45 m of woodland, through annual ground‐disturbance, can increase Woodlark abundance within lowland grass‐heaths characterized by closed swards.
Prevalence of skin diseases among hospitals in the public healthcare system of a developing country
Authors: Soria Orozco Manuel , Padron Salas Aldanely , Shiguetomi Sifuentes Ana Laura , Amezcua Gudiño Samuel , Ramirez Padilla Marisol , Huerta Rivera Gabriel , Arreola Jauregui Ileana Elizabeth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkin diseases in the population are universal, common, and can cause significant economic burden. The impact of skin diseases in the national public healthcare system is complex and poorly studied. This study analyzes the prevalence of skin diseases in a hospital setting within the National Public Health System of Mexico and describes the main associated characteristics.MethodsInformation was obtained from the 2015 hospital discharge database of the public healthcare system of Mexico. Pathologies that result in a direct dermatological condition were included according to chapter XII of the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD ‐ 10) and grouped according to the classification of the report, The burden of skin diseases in the United States.ResultsIn 2015, a total of 9,230,968 hospital discharges were registered nationwide, of which 170,917 discharges (1.85%) reported a dermatological disease as the main diagnosis; five states account for 40.79% of the cases reported in Mexico. Half of all the cases corresponded to skin infections (32.08%, n = 54,843) and non‐cancerous skin growths (27.80%, n = 47,515), and 59.71% were adult patients between 18 and 65 years of age.ConclusionsUnderstanding of the configuration of skin diseases in a hospital setting and public healthcare system is warranted to develop effective public policies and research for the development of effective, safe, high‐quality care processes for the main groups of identified diseases.
A retrospective review of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma in Botswana
Authors: Slaught Christa , Williams Victoria , Grover Surbhi , Bigger Elizabeth , Kayembe Mukendi , Chiyapo Sebathu , Jackson Nicholas J. , Dryden‐Peterson Scott , Kovarik Carrie L. , Wanat Karolyn A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite widespread antiretroviral coverage in Botswana, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains among the most common malignancies. To date, adult KS in Botswana is not well characterized. The diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion that is often confirmed by histopathology given the implications of treatment; however, this poses a significant resource burden.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the cohort of patients biopsied for possible KS at Princess Marina Hospital, the main dermatology referral site in Botswana, from September 2008 through June 2015 to describe the demographics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) characteristics, and clinical presentations of these patients. Histopathologic diagnoses were reviewed, and positive predictive value (PPV) was used to characterize the accuracy of clinical suspicion of KS.ResultsA total of 441 patients received 450 biopsies where KS was on the differential diagnosis, and 239 patients (54%) were ultimately diagnosed with KS. The KS cohort was more likely to be male (58% vs. 37%, P < 0.001), HIV positive (94% vs. 85%, P < 0.05), and have lower CD4 counts at the time of biopsy (274 cells/μl vs. 362 cells/μl, P < 0.05). The PPV of clinical suspicion of KS was 58%. When KS was not histopathologically diagnosed, clinically benign diseases were found in 17%, medically significant conditions requiring alternative therapies in 78%, and life‐threatening diseases in 5%.DiscussionOur study reinforces the risk factors in development of KS. The poor PPV supports the important role of histology in KS diagnosis to both ensure appropriate treatment and prevent overtreatment. Improved accessibility to biopsy and augmentation of local dermatopathologic services would likely improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment.
Detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography‐fusion transperineal targeted biopsy for lesions with a prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 score of 3–5
Authors: Hakozaki Yuji , Matsushima Hisashi , Murata Taro , Masuda Tomoko , Hirai Yoko , Oda Mai , Kawauchi Nobuo , Yokoyama Munehiro , Kume Haruki 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer classified according to the prostate imaging reporting and data system scoring system using magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound rigid fusion targeted biopsy.MethodsA total of 339 patients underwent transperineal magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound rigid fusion targeted biopsy in our institution between January 2015 and July 2017. Patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system category 1 or 2 and those with a pre‐biopsy prostate‐specific antigen value of >30 ng/mL were excluded from this study. Finally, 310 patients were recruited.ResultsThe detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer with prostate imaging reporting and data system category 3, 4, and 5 were 1.0% (1/98), 35.1% (47/134) and 73.1% (57/78), respectively. The factors affecting the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer with prostate imaging reporting and data system categories 4 and 5 were: (i) prostate imaging reporting and data system category 5; (ii) prostate volume <40 cc; (iii) no previous biopsy; (iv) lesion located in the peripheral zone; and (v) prostate‐specific antigen density >0.35 ng/mL/mL.ConclusionsThe detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer on magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound rigid fusion targeted biopsy is very low in patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system category 3; therefore, patients with this classification should not undergo targeted biopsy. Prostate‐specific antigen density, prostate volume, locations of suspected cancer and history of biopsy should be considered to predict the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer with prostate imaging reporting and data system categories 4 and 5.
Psychometric properties of the Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales (DROS) for individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning and externalizing behaviour problems
Authors: Delforterie Monique , Hesper Bren , Didden Robert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe present study examined the psychometric properties of the Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales (DROS), an instrument developed to measure dynamic risk factors in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning (MID‐BIF) and externalizing (including offending‐like) behaviour problems.MethodThe sample consisted of 606 clients (86% male) from inpatient treatment wards at a facility for individuals with MID‐BIF and externalizing behaviour problems.ResultsThe DROS showed an acceptable factor structure, good internal consistency, significant test–retest reliability and fair to excellent inter‐rater reliabilities for most subscales and total score. Compared to the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003 Manual for the ASEBA adult forms and profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families), the DROS showed convergent and divergent validity, concurrent and longitudinal validity.ConclusionsThe DROS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure dynamic risk factors in clients with MID‐BIF. Future research on the DROS will focus on the assessment of recidivism and the inclusion of internalizing problems.
An assessment of the microbial quality of “döner kebab” during cold storage: Effects of different packaging methods and microwave heating before consumption
Authors: Haskaraca Güliz , Kolsarici Nuray 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the current study, döner kebabs packed with different packaging methods (air packaging [AP], modified atmosphere packaging [MAP], vacuum packaging [VP] and sous vide packaging [SVP]) were evaluated for their microbial quality during storage at 4 °C. In addition, the effect of microwave heating before consumption on the microbial quality of döner kebabs was also investigated. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and total psycrophilic aerobic bacteria counts of döner kebabs increased during storage and reached to 6.48, 8.27, 8.15, 3.96 and 5.58, 8.53, 8.63, <1.00 log cfu/g in AP (9th day), MAP (29th day), VP (29th day) and SVP (99th day) groups, respectively. Although coliform, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus counts of döner kebabs were below 3 MPN/g, 3 MPN/g, 2 log cfu/g in all groups, respectively; no Clostridium perfringens and Listeria monocytogenes was detected in any of the groups during storage. Microwave heating was found effective on reducing the microbial load of döner kebabs. It was concluded that without any additional preservation techniques, the SVP prolonged the shelf life of döner kebabs more than 20, 6, and 5 times comparing to AP, MAP, and VP groups, respectively.Practical applicationsDöner kebab is a meat product which is very convenient for microbial growth due to its nutritional and chemical composition. Döner kebab that cannot be sold immediately after production causes high economic losses since the shelf life of döner kebab is very short after cooking. Therefore, it requires additional preservation techniques in order to prevent the economic losses after cooking and to have the opportunity of secure serving of it where döner kebab oven is not present. In the current study, sous vide (SV) applied döner kebabs protected their microbiological quality at least 100 days at 4 °C without any additional preservation techniques and application of SV after cooking provided döner kebabs with a longer shelf life comparing to air packaging, modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging methods. Besides, microwave heating was applied to döner kebabs in order to simulate the conditions of consumption. Microwave heating before consumption significantly reduced the microbial load of döner kebabs.
Analysis of risk factors and development of scoring system to predict severity of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children
Authors: Zheng Wei , Jiang Linmei , Jia Xinyi , Long Gao , Shu Xiaoli , Jiang Mizu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimUpper gastrointestinal bleeding is a rare and potentially life‐threatening condition in children. Herein, clinical features and risk factors in children with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were analyzed, and a clinical scoring system was constructed to assess severity.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved 224 children hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding between January 2012 and April 2018. Demographic data, clinical information, and laboratory test results on admission were statistically examined.ResultsOut of 224 upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases, 76 were diagnosed as severe and 148 as mild cases according to the rate of blood loss and severity. Severe group was significantly different from mild group in 23 items including age, number of patients aged more than 7 years, and so forth (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Positive detection rate of bleeding etiology was gradually decreased (P < 0.01) in relation to delay in timing of endoscopy. Analysis of logistic regression evinced five independent risk factors for severe cases to be associated with poor consciousness, hemoglobin < 80 g/L, hemoglobin drop of > 20 g/L, hematochezia, and anemic appearance (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Using these five parameters, a number of scoring models were tested. The most predictive resulted in a scoring system constructed with a total of 16 and a cutoff for intervention of 8.ConclusionsAmalgamation of risk factors with the scoring system plays an important role in assessing upper gastrointestinal bleeding severity in children.
When the Background Matters: Using Scenarios from Integrated Assessment Models in Prospective Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Mendoza Beltran Angelica , Cox Brian , Mutel Chris , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Font Vivanco David , Deetman Sebastiaan , Edelenbosch Oreane Y. , Guinée Jeroen , Tukker Arnold 
Published: November 2018

SummaryProspective life cycle assessment (LCA) needs to deal with the large epistemological uncertainty about the future to support more robust future environmental impact assessments of technologies. This study proposes a novel approach that systematically changes the background processes in a prospective LCA based on scenarios of an integrated assessment model (IAM), the IMAGE model. Consistent worldwide scenarios from IMAGE are evaluated in the life cycle inventory using ecoinvent v3.3. To test the approach, only the electricity sector was changed in a prospective LCA of an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) and an electric vehicle (EV) using six baseline and mitigation climate scenarios until 2050. This case study shows that changes in the electricity background can be very important for the environmental impacts of EV. Also, the approach demonstrates that the relative environmental performance of EV and ICEV over time is more complex and multifaceted than previously assumed. Uncertainty due to future developments manifests in different impacts depending on the product (EV or ICEV), the impact category, and the scenario and year considered. More robust prospective LCAs can be achieved, particularly for emerging technologies, by expanding this approach to other economic sectors beyond electricity background changes and mobility applications as well as by including uncertainty and changes in foreground parameters. A more systematic and structured composition of future inventory databases driven by IAM scenarios helps to acknowledge epistemological uncertainty and to increase the temporal consistency of foreground and background systems in LCAs of emerging technologies.
Absolute Sustainability‐Based Life Cycle Assessment (ASLCA): A Benchmarking Approach to Operate Agri‐food Systems within the 2°C Global Carbon Budget
Authors: Chandrakumar Chanjief , McLaren Sarah J. , Jayamaha Nihal P. , Ramilan Thiagarajah 
Published: November 2018

SummaryGiven the increasing environmental impacts associated with global agri‐food systems, operating and developing these systems within the so‐called absolute environmental boundaries has become crucial, and hence the absolute environmental sustainability concept is particularly relevant. This study introduces an approach called absolute sustainability‐based life cycle assessment (ASLCA) that informs the climate impacts of an agri‐food system (on any economic level) in absolute terms. First, a global carbon budget was calculated that is sufficient to limit global warming to below 2°C. Next, a share of the carbon budget available to the global agri‐food sector was estimated, and then it was shared between agri‐food systems on multiple economic levels using four alternative methods. Third, the climate impacts of those systems were calculated using life cycle assessment methodology and were benchmarked against those carbon budget shares. This approach was used to assess a number of New Zealand agri‐food systems (agri‐food sector, horticulture industries and products) to investigate how these systems operated relative to their carbon budget shares. The results showed that, in 2013, the New Zealand agri‐food systems were within their carbon budget shares for one of the four methods, and illustrated the scale of change required for agri‐food systems to perform within their carbon budget shares. This method can potentially be extended to consider other environmental impacts with global boundaries; however, further development of the ASLCA is necessary to account for other environmental impacts whose boundaries are only meaningful when defined at a regional or local level.
Correlates of early cognition in infants with Down syndrome
Authors: Fidler D. J. , Schworer E. , Will E. A. , Patel L. , Daunhauer L. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile delays in cognitive development are detectable during early development in Down syndrome, the neuropsychological and biomedical underpinnings of cognitive skill acquisition in this population remain poorly understood.MethodTo explore this issue, 38 infants with Down syndrome [mean chronological age = 9.65 months; SD = 3.64] completed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐III and a set of laboratory tasks that measured sustained attention (duration of visual attention during a 1‐min object exploration task), attention shifting (mean latency to shift attention on an alternating object presentation task) and visual short‐term memory (dishabituation to a novel object on a change preference task).ResultsLatency to shift attention was negatively associated with Bayley Cognitive Scale raw scores, even when controlling for the effects of chronological age, r (33) = −.41, P = .02. In addition, prematurity status was associated with latency to shift attention.ConclusionsEarly attention shifting may be an important factor that facilitates overall cognitive skill acquisition in infants with Down syndrome, and premature birth may be a risk factor for difficulties on this dimension.
Lived experiences and quality of life after gynaecological cancer—An integrative review
Authors: Sekse Ragnhild Johanne Tveit , Dunberger Gail , Olesen Mette Linnet , Østerbye Maria , Seibæk Lene 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAim and objectivesTo review the literature on Nordic women's lived experiences and quality of life (QoL) after gynaecological cancer treatment.BackgroundWhile incidence and survival are increasing in all groups of gynaecological cancers in the Nordic countries, inpatient hospitalisation has become shorter in relation to treatment. This has increased the need for follow‐up and rehabilitation.DesignIntegrative literature review using the Equator PRISMA guidelines.MethodsThe review was selected, allowing inclusion of both experimental and nonexperimental research. The search included peer‐reviewed articles published 1995–2017. To frame the search strategy, we applied the concept of rehabilitation, which holds a holistic perspective on health.ResultsFifty‐five articles were included and were contextualised within three themes. Physical well-being in a changed body encompasses bodily changes comprising menopausal symptoms, a changed sexual life, complications in bowels, urinary tract, lymphoedema and pain, bodily‐based preparedness and fear of recurrence. Mental well-being as a woman deals with questioned womanliness, the experience of revitalised values in life, and challenges of how to come to terms with oneself after cancer treatment. Psychosocial well-being and interaction deals with the importance of having a partner or close person in the process of coming to terms with oneself after cancer. Furthermore, the women needed conversations with health professionals around the process of coping with changes and late effects, including intimate and sensitive issues.ConclusionYears after gynaecological cancer, women have to deal with fundamental changes and challenges concerning their physical, mental and psychosocial well‐being. Future research should focus on how follow‐up programmes can be organised to target the multidimensional aspects of women's QoL. Research collaboration across Nordic countries on rehabilitation needs and intervention is timely and welcomed.Relevance to clinical practiceTo ensure that all aspects of cancer rehabilitation are being addressed, we suggest that the individual woman is offered an active role in her follow‐up.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Superior Thalamic Radiation and Cerebrospinal Fluid Distribution in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Younes Kyan , Hasan Khader M. , Kamali Arash , McGough Christine E. , Keser Zafer , Hasan Omar , Melicher Tomas , Kramer Larry A. , Schulz Paul E. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Researchers
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEVentricular enlargement in elderly raises a challenging differential diagnosis to physicians. While Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) constitutes a potentially reversible syndrome. iNPH has a unique pathophysiology pertaining to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and periventricular white matter. We aimed to determine the effects of iNPH on periventricular white matter bundles and to further characterize its ventricular and sulcal CSF distribution by using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and CSF volumetrics on high resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging data.METHODSDeterministic DTT and validated volumetric parcellation were performed on 20 healthy elderly, 13 Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 9 iNPH patients. The superior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, and dentatorubrothalamic tract were traced and quantified using DTI studio software. Cloud‐based volumetric parcellation was also performed on 138 healthy subjects across the lifespan, 13 AD, and 9 iNPH‐patients. Ventricular and sulcal CSF volumes in the three groups were compared.RESULTSCombining increased mean diffusivity of the superior thalamic radiation with ventricular volume resulted in clear separation of iNPH from the AD and age‐matched healthy subject groups. Additionally, ventricular to sulcal CSF ratio, utilizing fully automated methods, was significantly greater in the iNPH patients compared to AD and healthy age‐matched controls.CONCLUSIONSCombined microstructural (DTT) and macrostructural (ventricular volume) changes is a promising radiological approach in studying ventriculomegaly. Automated estimation of the disproportionate ventricular and sulcal CSF ratio in patients presenting with ventriculomegaly may be important as radiologic markers in differentiating iNPH from other causes of ventriculomegaly.