bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Dependent Protection of Insulin Secretion in Diet Induced Obese Mice
Authors: De Leon Elizabeth R. , Brinkman Jacqueline A. , Fenske Rachel J. , Gregg Trillian , Schmidt Brian A. , Sherman Dawn S. , Cummings Nicole E. , Peter Darby C. , Kimple Michelle E. , Lamming Dudley W. , Merrins Matthew J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractType 2 diabetes is an age-and-obesity associated disease driven by impairments in glucose homeostasis that ultimately result in defective insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. To deconvolve the effects of age and obesity in an experimental model of prediabetes, we fed young and aged mice either chow or a short-term high-fat/high-sucrose Western diet (WD) and examined how weight, glucose tolerance, and β-cell function were affected. Although WD induced a similar degree of weight gain in young and aged mice, a high degree of heterogeneity was found exclusively in aged mice. Weight gain in WD-fed aged mice was well-correlated with glucose intolerance, fasting insulin, and in vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, relationships that were not observed in young animals. Although β-cell mass expansion in the WD-fed aged mice was only three-quarters of that observed in young mice, the islets from aged mice were resistant to the sharp WD-induced decline in ex vivo insulin secretion observed in young mice. Our findings demonstrate that age is associated with the protection of islet function in diet-induced obese mice, and furthermore, that WD challenge exposes variability in the resilience of the insulin secretory pathway in aged mice.
Photocatalytic performance of rod‐shaped copper oxides prepared by spin coating
Authors: Koohestani Hassan 
Published: December 2018

Copper oxides (CuO and Cu2 O), having narrow bandgap and a variety of chemophysical properties, are attractive in many fields such as solar cells, energy conversion, optoelectronic devices, and catalyst. In this work, these copper oxides are synthesised via co‐precipitation method and spin coating and annealed in various temperatures. Then, samples are characterised by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet–visible light absorption spectra. From the SEM images of sample annealed at 450°C, the diameter and lengths range of the rod‐shaped particles were 30–70 and 200–300 nm, respectively. Finally, to investigate the photocatalytic activity of oxides, methyl orange (MeO) degradation by copper oxides under UV irradiation was studied. Pure CuO with bandgap energy 1.37 eV and specific surface areas 91.3 m2/g had a greater efficiency of MeO degradation value 87.8%.
Lack of high-mass pre-stellar cores in the starless MDCs of NGC 6334
Authors: Louvet F. , Neupane S. , Garay G. , Russeil D. , Zavagno A. , Guzman A. , Gomez L. , Bronfman L. , Nony T. 
Published: December 2018

Context. The formation of high-mass stars remains unknown in many aspects. There are two competing families of models to explain the formation of high-mass stars. On the one hand, quasi-static models predict the existence of high-mass pre-stellar cores sustained by a high degree of turbulence. On the other hand, competitive accretion models predict that high-mass proto-stellar cores evolve from low or intermediate mass proto-stellar cores in dynamic environments.
Aims. The aim of the present work is to bring observational constraints at the scale of high-mass cores (~0.03 pc).
Methods. We targeted with ALMA and MOPRA a sample of nine starless massive dense cores (MDCs) discovered in a recent Herschel/HOBYS study. Their mass and size (~110 M⊙ and r = 0.1 pc, respectively) are similar to the initial conditions used in the quasi-static family of models explaining for the formation of high-mass stars. We present ALMA 1.4 mm continuum observations that resolve the Jeans length (λJeans ~ 0.03 pc) and that are sensitive to the Jeans mass (MJeans ~ 0.65 M⊙) in the nine starless MDCs, together with ALMA-12CO(2–1) emission line observations. We also present HCO+(1–0), H13CO+(1–0) and N2H+(1–0) molecular lines from the MOPRA telescope for eight of the nine MDCs.
Results. The nine starless MDCs have the mass reservoir to form high-mass stars according to the criteria by Baldeschi et al. (2017). Three of the starless MDCs are subvirialized with αvir ~ 0.35, and four MDCs show sign of collapse from their molecular emission lines. ALMA observations show very little fragmentation within the MDCs. Only two of the starless MDCs host compact continuum sources, whose fluxes correspond to <3 M⊙ fragments. Therefore, the mass reservoir of the MDCs has not yet been accreted onto compact objects, and most of the emission is filtered out by the interferometer.
Conclusions. These observations do not support the quasi-static models for high-mass star formation since no high-mass pre-stellar core is found in NGC 6334. The competitive accretion models, on the other hand, predict a level of fragmentation much higher than what we observe.
Water delivery in the inner solar nebula
Authors: D’Angelo M. , Cazaux S. , Kamp I. , Thi W.-F. , Woitke P. 
Published: December 2018

Context.Endogenous or exogenous, dry or wet, various scenarios have been depicted for the origin of water on the rocky bodies in our solar system. Hydrated silicates found in meteorites and in interplanetary dust particles, together with observations of abundant water reservoirs in the habitable zone of protoplanetary disks, are evidence that support aqueous alteration of silicate dust grains by water vapor condensation in a nebular setting.Aims.We investigate the thermodynamics (temperature and pressure dependencies) and kinetics (adsorption rates and energies, surface diffusion and cluster formation) of water adsorption on surfaces of forsterite grains, constraining the location in the solar nebula where aqueous alteration of silicates by water vapor adsorption can occur efficiently and leads to the formation of phyllosilicates. We analyze the astrophysical conditions favorable for such hydration mechanism and the implications for water on solid bodies.Methods.The protoplanetary disk model (ProDiMo) code is tuned to simulate the thermochemical disk structure of the early solar nebula at three evolutionary stages. Pressure, temperature, and water vapor abundance within 1 au of the protosun were extracted and used as input for a Monte Carlo code to model water associative adsorption using adsorption energies that resemble the forsterite [1 0 0] crystal lattice.Results.Hydration of forsterite surfaces by water vapor adsorption could have occurred within the nebula lifetime already at a density of 108cm−3, with increasing surface coverage for higher water vapor densities. Full surface coverage is attained for temperatures lower than 500 K, while for hotter grain surfaces water cluster formation plays a crucial role. Between 0.5 and 10 Earth oceans can arise from the agglomeration of hydrated 0.1μm grains into an Earth-sized planet. However, if grain growth occurs dry and water vapor processes the grains afterward, this value can decrease by two orders of magnitude.Conclusions.This work shows that water cluster formation enhances the water surface coverage and enables a stable water layer to form at high temperature and low water vapor density conditions. Finally, surface diffusion of physisorbed water molecules shortens the timescale for reaching steady state, enabling phyllosilicate formation within the solar nebula timescale.
Detectability of possible space weather effects on Mars upper atmosphere and meteor impacts in Jupiter and Saturn with small telescopes
Authors: Hueso Ricardo , del Río-Gaztelurrutia Teresa , Sánchez-Lavega Agustín , Delcroix Marc , Juaristi Jon , Fernández-González Luis Carlos 
Published: December 2018

Amateur astronomers operating small telescopes accumulate a larger amount of observational time of Solar System planets than the ensemble of professional telescopes. Over the last 15 years, advancements in low-cost fast acquisition cameras and image software processing tools have pushed forward the scientific analysis of these observations thanks to a sustained increase in quality and spatial resolution. The high temporal coverage attained by amateur astronomers collaborating with scientists allows detecting rare events in the atmospheres of different planets. In particular, high-atmosphere phenomena in Mars, possibly caused by solar activity, and meteor impacts in Jupiter have been observed serendipitously in the last decade. Here we review the contribution of amateur astronomers to these two fields. Coronal Mass Ejections arriving to Mars under favorable observing conditions can be predicted after observations of the Sun, and their possible effect on Mars upper atmosphere can be monitored with small telescopes. Impacts in Jupiter of two different classes can be discovered by amateur astronomers: intermediate size impacts big enough to leave a debris field on its atmosphere (150-m size objects before the impact), and fireballs caused by objects of 5–20 m producing short-lived flashes in video observations of the planet. In this regard, we present a software tool designed to analyze video observations of Jupiter and Saturn that should help to find new impact flashes on the giant planets.
Von der Theorie in die Praxis
Authors: Johansson Kajsa , Oswald Nadine-Marie 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungGesundheitsförderndes Führen bedeutet vor allem, bewusst hinzuschauen – auf die Arbeitsumstände ebenso wie auf das persönliche Miteinander. Die BGW gibt
konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Umsetzung.
Meine Lebensqualität wurde deutlich besser
Authors: Starrost Klaus 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Patientin leidet an einer Parkinson-Erkrankung und ist jetzt 74 Jahre alt.
Als die Symptome sich verschlechterten, wurde ihr angeraten, möglichst bald eine
Tiefe Hirnstimulation vornehmen zu lassen, da diese bei jüngeren Patienten
deutlich bessere Ergebnisse liefert. Vor acht Jahren hat sie sich für diese
Behandlung entschieden, lesen Sie hier ihre Geschichte.
Koronare CT-Angiografie
Authors: Achenbach Stephan 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie CT-Angiografie ist ein zunehmend robustes Verfahren zur Darstellung der
Koronararterien. Adäquate Bildqualität vorausgesetzt, gelingen Detektion und
Ausschluss von Koronararterienstenosen zuverlässig; darüber hinaus ist es
möglich, auch nicht-stenosierende koronare atherosklerotische Läsionen zu
detektieren. Allerdings sind eine ausreichend kontrollierte Herzfrequenz –
gegebenenfalls durch die Gabe von kurz wirksamen Betablockern für die
Untersuchung – sowie Compliance bezüglich der Befolgung von Atemkommandos und
das Fehlen ausgeprägten Übergewichts Voraussetzungen für eine zuverlässige
Beurteilbarkeit der koronaren CT-Angiografie. Klinisch wird die CT-Angiografie
insbesondere bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer koronaren
Herzerkrankung aber eher geringer prä-Test-Wahrscheinlichkeit eingesetzt: Dies
ist eine durch große Studien sehr gut abgesicherte Indikation, die auch in
entsprechenden Leitlinien enthalten ist. Darüber hinaus deutet sich durch
entsprechende Studienergebnisse an, dass der Nachweis einer nicht-stenosierenden
Atherosklerose vermutlich den Einsatz von Statinen rechtfertigt, während das
Fehlen atherosklerotischer Plaques eine Statintherapie wohl in der Regel
verzichtbar macht – dies ist aber nicht Gegenstand aktueller Leitlinien.
Insgesamt bereichert die CT-Angiografie das Spektrum diagnostischer
Möglichkeiten für die Aufarbeitung von Patienten mit vermuteten Koronarstenosen
äußert sinnvoll, es ist aber nicht gerechtfertigt, ihren generellen Einsatz als
Methode der ersten Wahl zu fordern.
Pflegefachfrau und Pflegefachmann
Authors: Kutschke Thomas 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDer lang ersehnte Referentenentwurf über die Neugestaltung der Berufsausbildung
Pflege liegt vor. Worauf wir uns in Zukunft, neben der neuen Berufsbezeichnung
Pflegefachfrau/Pflegefachmann, vorbereiten sollten, hat unser Experte für Sie
zusammengefasst.
Patientenkoordination in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Steinkirchner Stefan , Straube Alexander 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungGerade zu Spitzenzeiten hapert es in der Notaufnahme oft an einer zügigen Weiterverlegung der Erkrankten. Das Universitätsklinikum Regensburg hat sich
dieses Problems angenommen und einen Patientenkoordinator eingestellt.
Wenn Arbeit krank macht
Authors: Maier Julia 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungStress im Job kennt jeder. Wer seine Leistungsgrenze aber ständig überschreitet, riskiert ein Burnout. Welche Anzeichen sind gefährlich? Was können Mitarbeiter
und Pflegedirektoren tun, damit ein Burnout gar nicht erst entsteht? Ein Überblick.
Neu: Entgeltordnung TVöD-VKA
Authors: Wiedmann Jörn 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungNach mehr als zehn Jahren quälend langen Wartens ist sie da – die neue Entgeltordnung im TVöD-VKA. Mit ihr gelten im Bereich der Eingruppierung der
Pflegeleitungskräfte völlig neue Tätigkeitsmerkmale. Die bislang ausschließlich von Unterstellungsverhältnissen abhängigen Merkmale gibt es nicht
mehr.
‘Monstrous men’ and ‘sex scandals’: the myth of exceptional deviance in sexual harassment and violence in education
Authors: Sundaram Vanita , Jackson Carolyn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne might argue that sexism, sexual harassment and sexual violence have become hyper-visible in recent times. The #MeToo movement has focused our attention on the prevalence of sexual harassment and abuse in a range of contexts, including in Hollywood, the media industry, Westminster, science and academia. Media reporting of these high-profile cases represents the perpetrators of these crimes as ‘monsters’, ‘sex pests’, as highly unusual or deviant individuals. We argue here, that rather, such practices pervade a range of contexts, including educational ones, and are normalised and ‘hidden’ within these settings. We will draw on our recent research on ‘lad culture’ in higher education to discuss how harassment and sexual abuse are normalised in certain university contexts. Our piece will explore how such cultures silence survivors and mask, or make invisible, instances of everyday sexism and harassment and how such silencing can perpetuate the notion that individual ‘monsters’ commit such acts. Drawing on interviews with staff working in universities, this piece shows how sexual harassment is mis-perceived, justified and minimised (particularly in relation to less visible examples of degradation or abuse of women) and how the notion of the ‘problematic individual’ prevails in favour of a structural, gendered analysis of harassment and violence. University responses to sexual harassment and violence have therefore tended to be responsive and focused on individuals, rather than taking a whole-institution approach to tackling these practices.
Persistence of false paradigms in low-power sciences
Authors: Akerlof George A. , Michaillat Pascal 
Published: December 2018

Significance
It is believed that a lack of experimental evidence (typical in the social sciences) slows but does not prevent the adoption of true theories. We evaluate this belief using a model of scientific research and promotion in which tenured scientists are slightly biased toward tenure candidates with similar beliefs. We find that when a science lacks evidence to discriminate between theories, or when tenure decisions do not rely on available evidence, true theories may not be adopted. The nonadoption of heliocentric theory in the 16th century, the persistence of bloodletting in the 19th century, the nonadoption of underconsumption theory in the early 20th century, and the persistence of radical mastectomy in the 20th century illustrate such risk.
Food and geopolitics: when food security and hard security considerations converge - mini review.
Authors: Woertz E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In academic research on food security, developmental and technocratic perspectives prevail. Raising agricultural productivity sustainably, guaranteeing accessibility of food to vulnerable segments of the population and nutritional impacts are at the centre of attention. Yet, food security also touches upon vital state interests and sometimes converges with hard security consideration, not only in times of war and sanctions. This mini review takes a look at some of the literature that deals with this neglected aspect of food security.
The importance of water in pig production.
Authors: Azarpajouh S. , Garcia A. , Jackson C. , Karriker L. , Ramirez A. , Johnson A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Pigs are prandial feeders and drinkers. Focus has been directed to pig nutritional needs that include micro- and macro-nutrients, mineral and vitamin requirements and feed particle size. Water is the most important nutrient for pigs without which pigs will only survive for a short time. Additionally, detailed information on pigs' temporal drinking patterns is essential when delivering water-based health products because there is a risk that not all pigs will visit the drinker adequately and hence, may not have received sufficient vaccine or antibiotics required to protect the animal. To date there has been little focus on water function, quality and availability and how it affects pig welfare. This review paper will (a) address water functions, requirement and quality, (b) describe drinking behaviours and patterns, (c) explain factors that impact drinking behaviour and water intake and (d) discuss the water systems and pen designs that enhance drinking behaviour.
Measuring internet addiction: comparative studies based on gender using Bayesian analysis
Authors: Ifdil I , Putri Y E , Fadli R P , Erwinda L , Suranata K , Ardi Z , Fitria L , Churnia E , Zola N , Barriyah K , Rangka I B 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Internet becomes a necessity that is in a vital position for both children, teenagers and adults. Lately the use of the Internet to be a matter of concern and need to be studied, especially related to Internet addiction. As for the gender aspect, men and women have special forms of Internet addiction experienced. Based on this case, the authors designed a study related to the difference Internet addiction of male and female. The ultimate goal is the description of research results will be used for treatment. The sample for this research is 84 men and 84 women, the number of samples taken based on consideration using software G-Power 3.1 where for sample 84 people each group effect size is 0.3159282, α err prob 0.05 and power (1-β err prob) 0.65. The instrument used is Chen Internet Addiction, which amounts to 26 items. Data analysis using JASP 0.8.5.1 software uses two types of analysis of Classic Test Theory Independent Sample T-Test and Bayesian Independent Sample T-Test. A result of research from both analysis that there is significant difference of Internet addiction of man and woman.
Sewability interdependence on rigid structures
Authors: Karypidis M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Sewability is the ability of the fabric to be sewn without faults and represents the ease of fabric processing at a satisfactory level. It can be used to predict problems which may occur in the garment sewing stage and it can be accurately measured using the L&M sewability tester as a function of that needle penetration force though the fabric. Sewability is attributed to fabric properties, pretreatment, finishing, sewing conditions and mishandling. Fabric softeners affect the ease of sewing processing of garments, which is mostly reflected by the needle penetration force. The current work was driven by previous study focused on the analysis of factors affecting the sewability of cellulosic woven fabrics of a wide range of designs and constructions, where the influence of several fabric properties on the needle penetration force had been investigated, revealing the existence of a relationship between the inherent properties of mass per square metre, breaking strength and bending length. However, the in-depth statistical analysis had shown that rigid structures follow a different trend in comparison to the light ones. In the current work, thin and light structured fabrics were excluded from the investigation and focus was given exclusively to the rigid structures of higher mass per square metre fabrics which are known to be problematic in sewing stage. Although the investigation was confined to the main three inherent properties which had proven to influence needle penetration, it included fabric treatments of washing and softening on the samples. Results show an increase in the interdependency of the studied properties while treatments show a minimal effect probably to low level of application.
Virtual method of predicting the accuracy of pattern blocks
Authors: Peng X , Kuzmichev V E 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Main purpose of this study is to develop the virtual method of predicting the misfit based on new obtaining relations between pattern blocks and body features. In our research, digital twin of female body in CLO3D was used. 3D-2D pattern block flattening technology was used to obtain the body prototype of avatar. The ease value of main structural parts for blouse pattern blocks and the proportions of ease value were obtained by respectively overlapping the blouse pattern blocks with the body prototype. Pattern blocks were analyzed and evaluated in terms of the proportions of ease value. New method can be used to analyze and predict the quality of blouse pattern block effectively and improve the efficiency of virtual garment design.
Investigating the role of Simpson’s paradox in the analysis of top-ranked features in high-dimensional bioinformatics datasets
Authors: Freitas Alex A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
An important problem in bioinformatics consists of identifying the most important features (or predictors), among a large number of features in a given classification dataset. This problem is often addressed by using a machine learning–based feature ranking method to identify a small set of top-ranked predictors (i.e. the most relevant features for classification). The large number of studies in this area has, however, an important limitation: they ignore the possibility that the top-ranked predictors occur in an instance of Simpson’s paradox, where the positive or negative association between a predictor and a class variable reverses sign upon conditional on each of the values of a third (confounder) variable. In this work, we review and investigate the role of Simpson’s paradox in the analysis of top-ranked predictors in high-dimensional bioinformatics datasets, in order to avoid the potential danger of misinterpreting an association between a predictor and the class variable. We perform computational experiments using four well-known feature ranking methods from the machine learning field and five high-dimensional datasets of ageing-related genes, where the predictors are Gene Ontology terms. The results show that occurrences of Simpson’s paradox involving top-ranked predictors are much more common for one of the feature ranking methods.