bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directed Nanoparticle Assembly through Polymer Crystallization
Authors: Mei Shan , Staub Mark , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanoparticles can be assembled into complex structures and architectures by using a variety of methods. In this review, we discuss recent progress of using polymer crystallization (particularly polymer single crystals, PSCs) to direct nanoparticle assembly. PSCs have been extensively studied since 1957. Mainly appearing as quasi‐two‐dimensional (2D) lamellae, PSCs are typically used as model systems to determine polymer crystalline structures, or as markers to investigate the crystallization process. Recent research has demonstrated that they can also be used as nanoscale functional materials. Herein, we show that nanoparticles can be directed to assemble into complex shapes by using in situ or ex situ polymer crystal growth. End‐functionalized polymers can crystallize into 2D nanosheet PSCs, which are used to conjugate with complementary nanoparticles, leading to a nanosandwich structure. These nanosandwiches can find interesting applications for catalysis, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and nanomotors. Dissolution of the nanosandwich leads to the formation of Janus nanoparticles, providing a unique method for asymmetric nanoparticle synthesis.
Template‐Free Self‐Assembly of Artificial De Novo Viral Coat Proteins into Nanorods: Effects of Sequence, Concentration, and Temperature
Authors: Vargas Ernesto Cazares , Stuart Martien A. Cohen , de Vries Renko , Hernandez‐Garcia Armando 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Armando Hernandez‐Garcia at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The image depicts how parameters from the “chemical space”, such as concentration, sequence length, time and temperature, affect the self‐assembly of virus mimicking protein block copolymers into nanorods. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201901486.
“Dark” Singlet Oxygen Made Easy
Authors: Elsherbini Mohamed , Allemann Rudolf K. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn operationally simple continuous flow generator of “dark” singlet oxygen has been developed. The singlet oxygen was efficiently reacted with several chemical traps to give the corresponding oxygenated products in high yields. The developed “dark” singlet oxygen generator has been successfully applied in the synthesis of the antimalarial drug artemisinin.
Design and fabrication of non‐noble metal catalyst‐based air‐cathodes for metal‐air battery
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Qiu‐An , Yan Wei , Shao Qinsi , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, cost‐effective non‐noble metal catalyst‐based air‐cathodes are designed, developed, and fabricated for a metal‐air battery, particularly in a non‐toxic neutral solution environment (sodium chloride). The air‐cathode and its fabrication method comprise two gas diffusion layers (GDLs) bonded on to each side of the current collector (nickel mesh) by a rolling method, and a catalyst layer bonded on one GDL by a spraying method. The GDL paste consists of carbon powder and hydrophobic chemicals, and the catalyst layer contains non‐noble metal catalyst, carbon powder, and hydrophilic chemicals. Several characterization techniques such as DTA/TG thermal analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and their associated theories are used to understand the properties and performance of the developed air‐cathodes. The advantages of the current method of forming the air‐cathode can decrease the internal electronic resistance and gas flow restriction of the system, and therefore increase air permeability as well as water transportation to the reaction sites. By using such an integrated structure of an air diffusion cathode, the cost‐effectiveness in terms of materials and manufacturing compared to the commercial air‐cathode, and the overall fabrication procedure is achieved, and the method can be easily transferred into a continuous industrial manufacturing process.
Implementing electronic health record–integrated screening of patient‐reported symptoms and supportive care needs in a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Garcia Sofia F. , Wortman Katy , Cella David , Wagner Lynne I. , Bass Michael , Kircher Sheetal , Pearman Timothy , Penedo Frank J. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundOncology practice can be enhanced by the integration of the assessment of patient‐reported symptoms and concerns into the electronic health record (EHR) and clinical workflows.MethodsAdult oncology outpatients (n = 6825) received 38,422 invitations to complete assessments through the EHR patient portal. Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System computer adaptive tests were administered to assess fatigue, pain interference, physical function, depression, and anxiety. Checklists identified psychosocial, nutritional, and informational needs. In real time, assessment results were populated in the EHR, and clinicians were notified of elevated symptoms and needs.ResultsIn all, 3521 patients (51.6%) completed 8162 assessments; approximately 55% of the responding patients completed 2 or more within 32 months. Fatigue, pain, anxiety, and depression scores were comparable to those of the general population (approximately 5% of assessments triggered clinical alerts across those domains); mean scores indicated a lower level of physical function (with severe scores prompting alerts in nearly 5% of assessments). More than half of assessments triggered an alert based on patient endorsement of supportive care needs, with the majority of those being nutritional (41.82% of assessments). Patient endorsement of supportive care needs was associated with significantly higher anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain interference scores and lower physical function scores. Patients who triggered clinical alerts tended to be younger and more recently diagnosed, to have greater comorbidities, and to be a racial/ethnic minority. Patients who triggered clinical alerts had more health care service encounters in the ensuing month.ConclusionsEHR integration facilitated the assessment and reporting of patient‐reported symptoms and needs within routine oncology outpatient care.
Relations between catechol‐O‐methyltransferase Val158Met genotype and inhibitory control development in childhood
Authors: Bowers Maureen E. , Buzzell George A. , Salo Virginia , Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Hodgkinson Colin A. , Goldman David , Gorodetsky Elena , Martin McDermott Jennifer , Henderson Heather A. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Val158Met rs4680 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene, primarily involved in dopamine breakdown within prefrontal cortex, has shown relations with inhibitory control (IC) in both adults and children. However, little is known about how COMT genotype relates to developmental trajectories of IC throughout childhood. Here, our study explored the effects of the COMT genotype (Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met) on IC trajectories between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Children (n = 222) completed a Go/Nogo task at ages 5, 7, and 10; IC was characterized using signal detection theory to examine IC performance (d′) and response strategy (RS) (criterion). COMT genotype was not related to initial levels of IC performance and RS at age 5 or change in RS from ages 5 to 10. In contrast, COMT genotype was related to change in IC performance between 5 and 10 years. While Val/Val children did not differ from Val/Met children in development of IC performance, children with the Met/Met genotype exhibited more rapid development of IC performance when compared with Val/Met peers. These results suggest that COMT genotype modulates the development of IC performance in middle childhood.
A randomized controlled trial of group cognitive remediation therapy for anorexia nervosa: Effects on set‐shifting tasks for inpatient adults and adolescents
Authors: Sproch Laura E. , Anderson Kimberly P. , Sherman Martin F. , Crawford Steven F. , Brandt Harry A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this randomized controlled trial with a parallel design was to evaluate the effect of brief, cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for anorexia nervosa (AN) on set‐shifting.MethodTwo hundred seventy‐five inpatient adults and adolescents with AN (mean age = 23.1; SD = 12.7) were randomly assigned (using simple randomization procedures) to either a CRT or control condition. All participants received treatment as usual; however, the CRT condition completed five CRT group sessions in lieu of other group therapies provided on the unit. Set‐shifting abilities were evaluated by: (a) neuropsychological measures and (b) experimental cognitive behavior therapy thought records. Blinding of group assignment occurred during baseline assessment and ended following group commencement.ResultsData from 135 CRT and 140 control condition participants were analyzed. On all neuropsychological measures, results revealed no between group condition effects, but did show statistically significant time effects, with medium to large effect sizes. Thought record analysis revealed a significant condition by age interaction effect where adults in the CRT condition generated significantly more alternative thoughts and had stronger believability of alternative thoughts than children, a trend that was not found in the control condition. This yielded moderate to large effect sizes of.0.56 and 0.72, respectively.DiscussionBased on traditional neuropsychological measures, these findings do not suggest a differential effect of CRT for AN in the format applied. However, results suggest that CRT may have some increased beneficial cognitive effect for adults, as compared to children, based on thought record analysis.
Single Step Synthesis of MoSe2−MoO3 Heterostructure for Highly Sensitive Amperometric Detection of Nitrite in Water Samples of Industrial Areas
Authors: Vishnu Nandimalla , Badhulika Sushmee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present work reports a simple and single‐step hydrothermal synthesis of MoSe2−MoO3 composite for highly sensitive and selective electrochemical oxidation of nitrite. FESEM of the MoSe2−MoO3 hybrid revealed the formation of composite as laminated structure of different sizes piled up together as finger‐like MoSe2 bars whilst other physico‐chemical characterizations (XRD, FTIR, UV‐Vis, XPS) confirmed that co‐existence of MoO3 as a major by‐product of hydrothermal synthesis. The as‐fabricated MoSe2−MoO3 composite based nitrite sensor showed remarkable selectivity and reproducibility with <3s of response time, excellent sensitivity and detection limit of 10.84 A M−1 cm−2 (R2=0.996) and 0.1 μM, respectively, in the range of 2.5–80 μM. The obtained sensitivity can be credited to the high surface area obtained from 1T phase MoSe2 and α phase MoO3 as the sensing material. The developed sensor was effectively evaluated for electrochemical recognition of nitrite in the water samples (potable and tap water) gathered from an industrial area. This new and efficient MoSe2−MoO3 based electrode material offers a new frontier for the progress of a novel composites by simple and single‐step approach which can be used for progress of non‐enzymatic and inexpensive electrochemical sensors for a wide range of analytical applications.
The number of the non‐full‐rank Steiner triple systems
Authors: Shi Minjia , Xu Li , Krotov Denis S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ‐rank of a Steiner triple system (STS) is the dimension of the linear span of the set of characteristic vectors of blocks of , over GF. We derive a formula for the number of different STSs of order and given ‐rank , , and a formula for the number of STSs of order and given ‐rank , . Also, we prove that there are no STSs of ‐rank smaller than and, at the same time, ‐rank smaller than . Our results extend previous study on enumerating STSs according to the rank of their codes, mainly by Tonchev, V.A. Zinoviev, and D.V. Zinoviev for the binary case and by Jungnickel and Tonchev for the ternary case.
Remifentanil inhibits the traumatic stress response in emergent trauma surgery
Authors: Ouyang Ru , Ren Haijing , Liu Wei , Yuan Xi , Lei Enjun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore whether remifentanil could inhibit the stress response in emergent trauma surgery more effectively than sufentanil.Patients and methodsSixty trauma patients for emergent surgery were randomly divided into remifentanil group (R group, n = 30) or sufentanil group (S group, n = 30). The patients in the R group were continuously intravenously infused with remifentanil, while those in the S group were administrated with sufentanil. The plasma contents of cortisol (COR), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and blood glucose were measured before anesthesia induction (T1), 5 minutes after intratracheal intubation (T2) and 5 minutes (T3), 30 minutes (T4), and 1 hour (T5) after surgery, respectively. The blood pressure (BP) and the heart rate (HR) at these time points were recorded as well.ResultsThe results showed that the patients in the R group had more stable hemodynamics during the surgery and had a significantly lower HR at T2‐T5 than those in the S group. The plasma levels of norepinephrine at time points T3‐T5 and levels of cortisol at T4‐T5 in the R group were significantly lower than those in the S group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results in the present study indicated that remifentanil could inhibit the stress response in emergent trauma surgery patients more effectively than sufentanil.
A surface plasmon resonance immunoassay for the rapid analysis of methamphetamine in forensic oral fluid
Authors: Wang Jiye , Yao Weixuan , Meng Fanwei , Wang Pengjuan , Wu Yuanzhao , Wang Binjie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent chromatographic methods applied for the forensic analysis of methamphetamine are costly, time‐consuming, and require complicated pretreatment procedures. Thus, the rapid detection of methamphetamine is a critical and unmet need. In this study, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system based on indirect inhibitive immunoassay was designed for the analysis of methamphetamine in forensic oral fluid samples.MethodsFor the inhibition immunoassay, the diluted oral fluid was mixed with methamphetamine antibody and then injected into the SPR sensor chip. The biosensor chip was constructed by covalently immobilizing of methamphetamine‐bovine serum albumin conjugate onto a carboxymethyl dextran surface at an optimized pH. The concentration of antibody was also optimized.ResultsThe SPR biosensor showed good sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.44 ng/mL and was comparable or lower than the pre‐existing methods. The method was finally tested using oral fluid samples from 20 suspected drug abusers in forensic cases, and it provided an acceptable recovery of 113.2%, indicating good anti‐interference capability of the SPR sensor.ConclusionThe SPR biosensor was rapid, reproducible, and had a great potential approach for the forensic detection of methamphetamine.
Self‐esteem, cultural identification, and substance use among American Indian youth
Authors: Swaim Randall C. , Stanley Linda R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesDetermine potential mediating and moderating effects of self‐esteem on the relationship between cultural identification and substance use among American Indian (AI) youth.MethodsAnonymous surveys were administered to middle and high school AI students assessing levels of last month alcohol and marijuana use, cultural identification, and self‐esteem. Structural equation modeling assessed potential mediating and moderating effects of self‐esteem on the relationship between AI and white identification on alcohol and marijuana use.ResultsNo mediating effects were found for middle school students. Among high school students, no mediating effects were found for alcohol. Among female high school students, a small mediating effect was found between AI identification and marijuana use, with AI identification protecting against use. Across all students, no moderating effects of self‐esteem were found.ConclusionsThe literature on cultural identification and substance use among minority youth is unclear. It was anticipated that consideration of self‐esteem as a potential mediator or moderator might help clarify some of the confusion. However, no moderating effects were found and mediating effects were limited to female high school students for marijuana. Consideration should be given to assessing other measures of cultural identification and subscales of self‐esteem to confirm that these findings are robust.
Assessing the barriers to cardiac care in carriers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Eekhoff Lauren , Edwards Janice , Martin Ann , Prijoles Eloise J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) are X‐linked conditions causing progressive muscle weakness, muscle wasting, and cardiomyopathy in affected males. Two‐thirds of cases of DBMD are inherited from a carrier female while one‐third of cases occur sporadically. Women who are DBMD carriers typically do not manifest noticeable muscular symptoms. However, about 10% may develop cardiomyopathy while up to 60% are at risk for cardiac abnormalities including myocardial damage, fibrosis, and abnormalities detectable by echocardiogram and electrocardiogram (EKG). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that carriers of DBMD receive a complete cardiac evaluation beginning at age 25–30 which includes an echocardiogram and EKG, with re‐evaluation at least every 5 years. As many as 54.5% carriers may not be adhering to the AAP recommendations (Bogue et al., 2016). This study was conducted to define the perceived challenges carriers of DBMD face in obtaining cardiac care. A questionnaire was completed by 60 carriers of DBMD recruited through The Duchenne Registry to determine their current cardiac care practices. The majority of carriers surveyed (71.7%, 43/60) self‐reported obtaining appropriate cardiac care while 28.3% (17/60) of carriers surveyed did not. Eleven semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with a subset of those who completed the questionnaire. Individuals were eligible for telephone interview if they had not: (a) seen a cardiologist in the last 5 years, (b) had an echocardiogram in the last 5 years, or (c) had an EKG in the last 5 years. The primary theme identified from this cohort was a perceived lack of awareness among healthcare providers regarding cardiac risks in carriers (11/11). Increased awareness, health education regarding risks for carriers, and advocacy efforts are needed for healthcare providers and DBMD carriers in order to ensure that this entire population receives the cardiac care they need.
Unexpected detection of 3‐aroylbenzofuran side products in the preparation of 2‐arylbenzofurans: Identification, characterization, and comparison with chalcone's fragmentation patterns using EI/MSn
Authors: Begala Michela , Delogu Giovanna Lucia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry study of the intramolecular Wittig reaction revealed, together with the expected 2‐phenylbenzofuran, the formation of an unexpected side product that has not been reported until now. This study reports the identification of the by‐product, ie, the 3‐benzoyl‐2‐phenylbenzofuran, on the base of its mass spectrometric behaviour using a combination of electron ionization, exact mass measurement, multiple stage mass spectrometry, and labelled compounds. This study reports the common fragmentation pathways and discusses possible fragment structures of characteristic ions from a series of 3‐aroyl‐2‐arylbenzofuran derivatives obtained as by‐product under Wittig conditions. Emphasis is laid on the formation and structure investigation of the [M‐H]+ and [M‐OH]+ ions. Our results showed interesting analogies with the mass spectrometric behaviour of chalcones.
Dog as a Model for Osteoarthritis: The FGF4 Retrogene Insertion May Matter
Authors: Tellegen Anna R. , Dessing Aileen J. , Houben Kaat , Riemers Frank M. , Creemers Laura B. , Mastbergen Simon C. , Meij Björn P. , Miranda‐Bedate Alberto , Tryfonidou Marianna A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with chronic pain and disability in humans and companion animals. The canine species can be subdivided into non‐chondrodystrophic (NCD) and chondrodystrophic (CD) dogs, the latter having disproportionally short limbs due to disturbance in endochondral ossification of long bones. This phenotype is associated with retrogene insertions of the fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) gene, resulting in enhanced fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) signaling. The effect on cartilage is unknown and in experimental studies with dogs, breeds are seemingly employed randomly. The aim of this study was to determine whether CD‐ and NCD‐derived cartilage differs on a structural and biochemical level, and to explore the relationship between FGF4 associated chondrodystrophy and OA. Cartilage explants from CD and NCD dogs were cultured for 21 days. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling was assessed in primary canine chondrocytes. OA and synovitis severity from an experimental OA model were compared between healthy and OA samples from CD and NCD dogs. Release of glycosaminoglycans, DNA content, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) expression were higher in NCD cartilage explants. Healthy cartilage from NCD dogs displayed higher cartilage degeneration and synovitis scores, which was aggravated by the induction of OA. Dikkopf‐3 gene expression was higher in NCD cartilage. No differences in other Wnt pathway read outs were found. To conclude, chondrodystrophy associated with the FGF4 retrogene seems to render CD dogs less susceptible to the development of OA when compared with NCD dogs. These differences should be considered when choosing a canine model to study the pathobiology and new treatment strategies of OA. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2550–2560, 2019
Provenance studies ofKościuszko banknotes—One of the oldest paper banknotes in Europe—Using Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with other analytical techniques
Authors: Klisińska‐Kopacz Anna , Lech Katarzyna , del Hoyo‐Meléndez Julio M. , Mendys Agata , Jaworucka‐Drath Anda , Łydżba‐Kopczyńska Barbara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish the provenance of materials used in the manufacturing process of theKościuszko banknotes. The applied methodology is mostly based on Raman investigations carried out using portable and benchtop instruments. Raman analysis allowed to identify smalt, an optical brightener typically used in paper production in the Netherlands. This result was also confirmed by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. The Raman investigation of ink and dyes was supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and high‐performance liquid chromatography. The detection of typical local dyes such as reseda (Reseda luteola L.) and madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) suggested that the paper was dyed in Poland. The results also indicate the use of charcoal with an admixture of traces of bone black. Finally, a two‐step manufacturing process was identified. The paper was imported and then dyed and printed in Poland, instead of the original assumption, which was that the paper was manufactured and mass dyed abroad and the banknotes were later printed in Poland.