bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Effects of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance and Stability of FeF2 Conversion‐Type Cathodes
Authors: Huang Qiao , Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Ren Xiaolei , Magasinski Alexandre , Gordon Daniel , Bensalah Nasr , Yushin Gleb 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs an alternative to commercial Ni‐ and Co‐based intercalation‐type cathode materials, conversion‐type metal fluoride (MFx) cathodes are attracting more interest due to their promises to increase cell‐level energy density when coupled with lithium (Li) or silicon (Si)‐based anodes. Among metal fluorides, iron fluorides (FeF2 and FeF3) are regarded as some of the most promising candidates due to their high capacity, moderately high potential and the very low cost of Fe. In this study, the impacts of electrolyte composition on the performance and stability of nanostructured FeF2 cathodes are systematically investigated. Dramatic impacts of Li salt composition, Li salt concentration, solvent composition, and cycling potential range on the cathode's most critical performance parameters—stability, capacity, rate, and voltage hysteresis are discovered. In contrast to previous beliefs, it is observed that even if the Fe2+ cation dissolution could be avoided, the dissolution of F− anions may still negatively affect cathode performance. Formation of the more favorable cathode solid electrolyte interface (CEI) is found to minimize both processes.
Fatigue‐Free and Bending‐Endurable Flexible Mn‐Doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐BaTiO3‐BiFeO3 Film Capacitor with an Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Yang Changhong , Lv Panpan , Qian Jin , Han Yajie , Ouyang Jun , Lin Xiujuan , Huang Shifeng , Cheng Zhenxiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the rapid development of intelligent systems moves toward flexible electronics, capacitors with extraordinary flexibility and an outstanding energy storage performance will open up broad prospects for powering portable/wearable electronics and pulsed power applications. This work presents a simple one‐step process to fabricate a flexible Mn‐doped 0.97(0.93Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.07BaTiO3)‐0.03BiFeO3 (Mn:NBT‐BT‐BFO) inorganic thin film capacitor with the assistance of a 2D fluorophlogopite mica substrate. The film element, which has a high breakdown strength, great relaxor dispersion, and the coexistence of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases, has a high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec ≈81.9 J cm−3), high efficiency (η ≈64.4%), superior frequency stability (500 Hz–20 kHz), excellent antifatigue property (1 × 109 cycles), and a broad operating temperature window (25–200 °C). The all‐inorganic Mn:NBT‐BT‐BFO/Pt/mica capacitor has a prominent mechanical‐bending resistance without obvious deterioration in its corresponding energy storage capability when it is subjected to a bending radius of 2 mm or repeated bending for 103 cycles. This work is the first demonstration of an all‐inorganic flexible film capacitor and sheds light on dielectric energy storage devices for portable/wearable applications.
Graphene Wrapped FeSe2 Nano‐Microspheres with High Pseudocapacitive Contribution for Enhanced Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: An Changsheng , Yuan Yifei , Zhang Bao , Tang Linbo , Xiao Bin , He Zhenjiang , Zheng Junchao , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPseudocapacitance is a Faradaic process that involves surface or near surface redox reactions. Increasing the pseudocapacitive contribution is one of the most effective means to improve the rate performance of electrode materials. In this study, graphene oxide is used as a template to in situ synthesize burr globule‐like FeSe2/graphene hybrid (B‐FeSe2/G) using a facile one‐step hydrothermal method. Structural characterization demonstrates that graphene layers not only wrap the surfaces of FeSe2 particles, but also stretch into the interior of these particles, as a result of which the unique nano‐microsphere structure is successfully established. When serving as anode material for Na‐ion batteries, B‐FeSe2/G hybrid displays high electrochemical performance in the voltage range of 0.5–2.9 V. The B‐FeSe2/G hybrid has high reversible capacity of 521.6 mAh·g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. Meanwhile, after 400 cycles, high discharge capacity of 496.3 mAh g−1 is obtained at a rate of 2.5 A g−1, with a high columbic efficiency of 96.6% and less than 1.0% loss of discharge capacity. Even at the ultrahigh rate of 10 A g−1, a specific capacity of 316.8 mAh g−1 can be achieved. Kinetic analyses reveal that the excellent performance of the B‐FeSe2/G hybrid is largely attributed to the high pseudocapacitive contribution induced by the special nano‐micro structure.
Pitfalls for laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: Need for a stepwise approach
Authors: Navarro Jonathan Geograpo , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBecause of today's advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative management skills, surgeons are beginning to explore the usefulness of the laparoscopic approach in managing periampullary tumors. However, as a result of its innate complexity and associated high surgery‐related complications, its applicability to the general surgical community remains controversial. To date, only retrospective data from high‐volume centers support the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (Lap PD) for the treatment of benign conditions and malignant periampullary tumors. In addition, various surgical techniques in terms of port placement, dissection, and reconstruction have evolved in different centers depending on the preferred method commonly used by the surgeon through accumulated experience. In our center, we used a stepwise approach and standardized our surgical technique to overcome this technically demanding procedure. A collaborative implementation of video review and analysis, practice training and simulation, operating room didactics, and strict adherence to our stepwise approach in Lap PD, might potentially improve the surgical skills of young hepatobiliary surgeons and possibly overcome the volume‐based learning curve of Lap PD.
Effects of body size and root to shoot ratio on foliar nutrient resorption efficiency in Amaranthus mangostanus
Authors: Peng Huiyuan , Yan Zhengbing , Chen Yahan , Zhao Xujian , Han Wenxuan 
Published: March 2019

Premise of the StudyNutrient resorption is essential for plant nutrient conservation. Large‐bodied plants potentially have large nutrient sink pools and high nutrient flux. Whether and how nutrient resorption can be regulated by plant size and biomass allocation are yet unknown.MethodsUsing the herbaceous plant Amaranthus mangostanus in greenhouse experiments for two consecutive years, we measured plant biomass, height, and stem diameter and calculated the root to shoot biomass ratio (R/S ratio) and nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE) to assess the effects of plant body size and biomass allocation on NuRE. NuRE was calculated as the percentage reduction in leaf nutrient concentration from green leaf to senesced leaf.Key ResultsNuRE increased with plant biomass, height, and stem diameter, suggesting that the individuals with larger bodies, which led to a larger nutrient pool, tended to resorb proportionally more nutrients from the senescing leaves. NuRE decreased with increasing root to shoot ratio, which might have reflected the nutrient acquisition trade‐offs between resorption from the senescent leaves and absorption from the soil. Increased root biomass allocation increased the proportion of nutrient acquisition through absorption more than through resorption.ConclusionsThis study presented the first experimental evidence of how NuRE is linked to plant size (indicated by biomass, height, and stem diameter) and biomass allocation, suggesting that nutrient acquisition could be modulated by the size of the nutrient sink pool and its partitioning in plants, which can improve our understanding of a conservation mechanism for plant nutrients. The body size and root to shoot ratio effects might also partly explain previous inconsistent reports on the relationships between environmental nutrient availability and NuRE.
Phylogeography of a widespread eastern North American shrub, Viburnum lantanoides
Authors: Park Brian , Donoghue Michael J. 
Published: March 2019

Premise of the StudyThere have been relatively few phylogeographic studies of eastern North American plants, especially of animal‐dispersed shrubby species, and this leaves a significant gap in our understanding of how such species were affected by glacial events. Here, we analyzed the phylogeography of the widespread understory shrub Viburnum lantanoides.MethodsWe generated RADseq data and paleoclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) to identify the locations of refugia where V. lantanoides may have survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and how its range expanded as glaciers receded.Key ResultsGenetic diversity falls off with increasing latitude and longitude, indicating that range expansion likely occurred via serial founder events from southern source populations. Samples from the southern Appalachians form a grade, while those from the north form a clade, suggesting that a single genetic lineage recolonized the north. SDMs indicate that V. lantanoides probably survived the LGM in refugia on the mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain and/or the interior Gulf Coastal Plain.ConclusionsOur analyses indicate that V. lantanoides survived the LGM in refugia south of the glacier but north of the extensive refugium along the Gulf Coast. Following the LGM, a single population expanded northward along the Appalachian Mountains and eventually into eastern Canada. The patterns observed here suggest that range expansion occurred in a stepwise manner, similar to postglacial dynamics observed in a number of European plant species.
Exploring the availability and impact of antenatal point‐of‐care ultrasound services in rural and remote communities: A scoping review
Authors: Doig Mikaela , Dizon Janine , Guerrero Katherine , Parange Nayana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are global disparities in the provision of maternal health care, with women from rural communities and under‐resourced countries expecting poorer access to healthcare services. This potentially compounds the existing higher burden of maternal and neonatal morbidity within these populations. In this setting, point‐of‐care ultrasound (PoCUS) has the potential to improve outcomes while mitigating challenges and barriers associated with the introduction of new medical technology.ObjectivesTo explore the availability and impact of PoCUSuse for antenatal care (ANC) in under‐resourced settings.MethodsMedline, Embase and Scopus were searched with no year limit. Studies were included if the participants were pregnant women undergoingANCin a rural setting or developing country and if the intervention was PoCUSuse or training.ResultsA total of 3863 unique articles were identified, with 17 meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies originated from Africa, Asia, Central America and Australia. All studies reported thatPOCUSuse forANCproduced positive outcomes. PoCUSintroduction into routineANCresulted in higher antenatal attendance and reduced maternal and neonatal mortality rates. It was demonstrated that it was feasible to provide local healthcare workers with limited training to perform quality scanning and reporting in their clinics. Methods and measures of these three primary outcomes varied between studies.ConclusionIntegration of PoCUSintoANCin the settings examined improved outcomes in under‐resourced areas. Further research should investigate the availability of PoCUSservices at a country level, the clinical impact and economic feasibility.
Impact of endoscopic craniofacial resection on simulated nasal airflow and heat transport
Authors: Tracy Lauren F. , Basu Saikat , Shah Parth V. , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. , Das Snigdha , Zanation Adam M. , Kimbell Julia S. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundEndoscopic craniofacial resections (CFR) are performed for extensive anterior skull base lesions. This surgery involves removal of multiple intranasal structures, potentially leading to empty nose syndrome (ENS). However, many patients remain asymptomatic postoperatively. Our objective was to analyze the impact of CFR on nasal physiology and airflow using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This is the first CFD analysis of post‐CFR patients.MethodsThree‐dimensional sinonasal models were constructed from 3 postoperative images using MimicsTM. Hybrid computational meshes were created. Steady inspiratory airflow and heat transport were simulated at patient‐specific flow rates using shear stress transport k‐omega turbulent flow modeling in FluentTM. Simulated average heat flux (HF) and surface area where HF exceeded 50 W/m2 (SAHF50) were compared with laminar simulations in 9 radiographically normal adults.ResultsThree adults underwent CFR without developing ENS. Average HF (W/m2) were 132.70, 134.84, and 142.60 in the CFR group, ranging from 156.24 to 234.95 in the nonoperative cohort. SAHF50 (m2) values were 0.0087, 0.0120, and 0.0110 in the CFR group, ranging from 0.0082 to 0.0114 in the radiographically normal cohort. SAHF50 was distributed throughout the CFR cavities, with increased HF at the roof and walls compared with the nonoperative cohort.ConclusionAverage HF was low in the CFR group compared with the nonoperative group. However, absence of ENS in most CFR patients may be due to large stimulated mucosal surface area, commensurate with the nonoperative cohort. Diffuse distribution of stimulated area may result from turbulent mixing after CFR. To better understand heat transport post‐CFR, a larger cohort is necessary.
Intentional or unintentional drug poisoning in elderly people: retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Japan
Authors: Haoka Takeshi , Sakata Nobuo , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Oshiro Akiko , Shimizu Takafumi , Naito Yuki , Onishi Shinsuke , Morishita Yuka , Nara Satoshi 
Published: March 2019

AimIntentional or unintentional acute drug poisoning occurs even in elderly people, but little is known about the factors influencing the intention to poisoning. A retrospective study was undertaken to describe the characteristics of acute drug poisoning in elderly people according to whether the poisoning was intentional or unintentional and the responsible agents.MethodsThe study was carried out in a single tertiary hospital in Japan. A total of 145 patients aged ≥65 years who were transferred by an ambulance service and were diagnosed with acute drug poisoning were included. Medical records were used to collect information on the intention behind poisoning and the responsible agents. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they experienced intentional or unintentional poisoning and were further classified according to the responsible agent. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between hospitalization for acute drug poisoning and the use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs).ResultsPoisoning was unintentional in 102 (70.3%) patients and intentional in 43 (29.7%) patients. In total, 65 (44.8%) patients required hospitalization. Among patients in the unintentional poisoning group, those using non‐BzRAs were more likely to be hospitalized than those using BzRAs (odds ratio, 6.64; 95% confidence interval, 2.56–17.22). The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the unintentional poisoning group than in the intentional poisoning group (13.9 vs. 6.2 days; P = 0.013).ConclusionsThe proportion of unintentional poisoning in the elderly is high, and particularly with respect to poisoning with non‐BzRAs, the hospitalization rates are high.
The efficacy of a trauma call system: challenges in managing severe trauma at a rural emergency center without full‐time emergency physicians
Authors: Matsumoto Naoya , Yamamoto Sumiharu , Endo Izuru , Yoshida Osamu , Kubo Masatoshi , Udaka Tetsunobu , Sogabe Osanori , Maeda Hiroya , Kawata Chika , Kurokawa Hironori 
Published: March 2019

AimsThere have been some reports about the efficacy of trauma team activation. In November 2015, we implemented a trauma call system, wherein a general surgeon, neurosurgeon, and orthopedic surgeon are called to the emergency department when severe trauma patients are transferred to our emergency department. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of this trauma call system.MethodsThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a trauma call system for trauma cases with an Injury Severity Score ≥16. We compared the mortality of trauma cases and the time from arrival to the start of the examination and intervention before and after implementing this trauma call system.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the mortality rates before and after the implementation of the trauma call system. The median time from arrival to the start of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography or transcatheter arterial embolization improved from 54 to 19 min (P = 0.015) and 171 to 84 min (P = 0.030), respectively, after the implementation of the trauma call system.ConclusionOur trauma call system did not significantly improve the mortality of trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score ≥16. However, it was effective for reducing the time from the arrival to the start of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography or transcatheter arterial embolization.
Fiber‐in‐Tube Design of Co9S8‐Carbon/Co9S8: Enabling Efficient Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Li Kaikai , Zhu Sicong , Fan Ke , Lyu Linlong , Yao Haimin , Li Yiyang , Hu Jinlian , Huang Haitao , Mai Yiu‐Wing , Goodenough John B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe sodium‐ion battery is a promising battery technology owing to its low price and high abundance of sodium. However, the sluggish kinetics of sodium ion makes it hard to achieve high‐rate performance, therefore impairing the power density. In this work, a fiber‐in‐tube Co9S8‐carbon(C)/Co9S8 is designed with fast sodiation kinetics. The experimental and simulation analysis show that the dominating capacitance mechanism for the high Na‐ion storage performance is due to abundant grain boundaries, three exposed layer interfaces, and carbon wiring in the design. As a result, the fiber‐in‐tube hybrid anode shows a high specific capacity of 616 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. At 1 A g−1, a capacity of ca. 451 mAh g−1 can be achieved after 500 cycles. More importantly, a high energy density of 779 Wh kg−1 and power density of 7793 W kg−1 can be obtained simultaneously.
The ortho‐Difluoroalkylation of Aryliodanes with Enol Silyl Ethers: Rearrangement Enabled by a Fluorine Effect
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Yage , Zhang Chaoshen , Zhang Lei , Xu Ying , Kong Lichun , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Peng Bo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPresented herein is an intriguing effect of fluorine, and it allows difluoroenol silyl ethers to couple with aryliodanes in a redox‐neutral manner to afford ortho‐iodo difluoroalkylated arenes. The remaining iodide group provides a versatile platform for converting the products into various valuable difluoroalkylated arenes. The reaction shows excellent functional‐group compatibility and broad substrate scope. A DFT mechanistic study suggests that the fluorine effect facilitates a subtle nucleophilic attack of the oxygen atom of enol silyl ethers onto aryliodanes, therefore leading to a rearrangement.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Paramagnetic Nickel Polypyridyl Complexes Relevant to C(sp2)–C(sp3)Coupling Reactions
Authors: Mohadjer Beromi Megan , Brudvig Gary W. , Hazari Nilay , Lant Hannah M. C. , Mercado Brandon Q. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA number of new transition metal catalyzed methods for the formation of C(sp2)–C(sp3) bonds have recently been described. These reactions often utilize bidentate polypyridyl‐ligated Ni catalysts, and paramagnetic NiI halide or aryl species are proposed in the catalytic cycles. However, there is little knowledge about complexes of this type. Here, we report the synthesis of paramagnetic bidentate polypyridyl‐ligated Ni halide and aryl complexes through elementary reactions proposed in catalytic cycles for C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation. We investigate the ability of these complexes to undergo organometallic reactions that are relevant to C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling through stoichiometric studies and also explore their catalytic activity.
A Borocarbonitride Ceramic Aerogel for Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Luo Zhishan , Fang Yuanxing , Zhou Min , Wang Xinchen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBorocarbonitride (BCN) is a new type of photocatalyst, but bulk BCN shows a large band gap, and low surface area, and moderate activity for photocatalysis. Here, a three‐dimensional (3D) porous ceramic BCN aerogel was developed as an effective photocatalyst for relevant reactions. The unique structures endow the aerogel with an adjustable band gap and a high surface area, excellent stability, and improved crystallinity, which accelerates the separation and transfer of electron‐hole pairs and promotes catalytic kinetics, thus enhancing the performance of photocatalytic reactions for hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction. This work supplies a low‐cost, convenient and green synthesis method for building ceramic aerogels, and it provides a simple colloid chemistry strategy combined with boron‐containing compounds to facilitate further innovative breakthroughs in the novel ceramic aerogel materials design and development in the field of catalysis.
All‐Inorganic CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Hodes Gary , Jin Zhiwen , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecently, lead halide‐based perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in photovoltaic research because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among them, organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made very rapid progress with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) now at 23.7 %. However, the intrinsically unstable nature of these materials, particularly to moisture and heat, may be a problem for their long‐term stability. Replacing the fragile organic group with more robust inorganic Cs+ cations forms the cesium lead halide system (CsPbX3, X is halide) as all‐inorganic perovskites which are much more thermally stable and often more stable to other factors. From the first report in 2015 to now, the PCE of CsPbX3‐based PSCs has abruptly increased from 2.9 % to 17.1 % with much enhanced stability. In this Review, we summarize the field up to now, propose solutions in terms of development bottlenecks, and attempt to boost further research in CsPbX3 PSCs.
Phosphine‐NHC Manganese Hydrogenation Catalyst Exhibiting a Non‐Classical Metal‐Ligand Cooperative H2 Activation Mode
Authors: Buhaibeh Ruqaya , Filippov Oleg A. , Bruneau‐Voisine Antoine , Willot Jérémy , Duhayon Carine , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Lugan Noël , Canac Yves , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeprotonation of the MnI NHC‐phosphine complex fac‐[MnBr(CO)3(κ2P,C‐Ph2PCH2NHC)] (2) under a H2 atmosphere readily gives the hydride fac‐[MnH(CO)3(κ2P,C‐Ph2PCH2NHC)] (3) via the intermediacy of the highly reactive 18‐e NHC‐phosphinomethanide complex fac‐[Mn(CO)3(κ3P,C,C‐Ph2PCHNHC)] (6 a). DFT calculations revealed that the preferred reaction mechanism involves the unsaturated 16‐e mangana‐substituted phosphonium ylide complex fac‐[Mn(CO)3(κ2P,C‐Ph2P=CHNHC)] (6 b) as key intermediate able to activate H2 via a non‐classical mode of metal‐ligand cooperation implying a formal λ5‐P–λ3‐P phosphorus valence change. Complex 2 is shown to be one of the most efficient pre‐catalysts for ketone hydrogenation in the MnI series reported to date (TON up to 6200).