bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Places of the Holocaust: Towards a model of GIS of place
Authors: Giordano Alberto , Cole Tim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProgress toward developing a GIS of place can only follow from an understanding of what place is, and this understanding draws on geographical theory. Here—following Agnew, Tuan, and others—we consider place as being made up of three components—location, locale, and sense of place—which are recognizable at multiple scales and vary historically as a product of social and political processes. Using the testimonies of two survivors of the Holocaust, we sketch the components of a model for a GIS of place that allows for this theory of place to be visualized and analyzed. The model is, crucially, both multi‐scalar and sensitive to uncertainty, as a GIS of place needs to be able to zoom in and out of the different scales at which place is experienced, as well as capture both uncertain data and uncertainty as data. We see potential in the representations proposed for scaling up from the anecdotal to the general in the sense that any narrative can be grouped and classified according to places and scales as shown here. The challenge in developing a GIS of place along the lines we propose here is to design a new set of functionalities that can do so.
Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrence among 2622 solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Schluger Aaron , Rosenblatt Russell , Knotts Rita , Verna Elizabeth C. , Pereira Marcus R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is common after solid organ transplant (SOT) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.MethodsWe assessed incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of CDI among SOT patients at a large multi‐organ transplant center. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for initial and recurrent CDI.ResultsA total of 2622 SOT patients were included. 224 (8.5%) had CDI 1 year post‐SOT. The highest incidence of CDI was among pancreas recipients (12.5%) followed by lung (11.7%), liver (11.0%), heart (10.8%), and kidney (5.8%). Median time to CDI was 56 days (range 2‐354) post‐SOT. About 64% of patients had severe CDI. About 56.3% were treated with metronidazole, 13.8% with oral vancomycin, and 28.6% with both. About 28.6% of patients had recurrent CDI. In multivariable modeling, lung transplant recipient status was the only significant predictor of recurrent CDI (OR 4.97, 95% CI 2.11‐11.78, P < .001) controlling for age, severe CDI, and pre‐SOT CDI. Post‐SOT CDI nearly doubled the risk of mortality at one year, in particular among those with severe CDI.ConclusionsIn summary, CDI is highly prevalent, occurs early in the post‐transplant period, usually severe, with a high rate of recurrence, and associated with increased mortality within 1 year after transplant. The early post‐transplant period may be a crucial window to reduce CDI rates.
Perspective on State-of-Health Determination in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Dubarry Matthieu , Baure George , Anseán David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
State-of-health (SOH) is an essential parameter for the proper functioning of large battery packs. A wide array of methodologies has been proposed in the literature to track state of health, but they often lack the proper validation that needed to be universally adaptable to large deployed systems. This is likely induced by the lack of knowledge bridge between scientists, who understand batteries, and engineers, who understand controls. In this work, we will attempt to bridge this gap by providing definitions, concepts, and tools to apply necessary material science knowledge to advanced battery management systems (BMS). We will address SOH determination and prediction, as well as BMS implementation and validation using the mechanistic framework developed around electrochemical voltage spectroscopies. Particular focus will be set on the onset and the prediction of the second stage of accelerating capacity loss that is commonly observed in commercial lithium-ion batteries.
Effect of Time-Dependent Strength Recovery of Composite Materials: Quantification Through Higher Order Ultrasonic Non-Linearity Using Lamb Waves
Authors: Patra Subir , Ahmed Hossain , Saadatzi Mohammadsadegh , Banerjee Sourav 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The understanding of strength recovery behavior under a dynamic loading environment provides a guidance for optimizing the design of composite structures for in-service applications. Although established for metals, the quantification of strength recovery in carbon fiber-reinforced viscoelastic composites is still an area under active research. This study aims to understand the effects of fatigue loading rates on the damage behaviors of stress-relaxed carbon fiber-based composites. Hence, the time-dependent strength recovery in woven composites is quantified experimentally using two mutually exclusive approaches under identical fatigue loading environments. In the first approach, the strength recovery is quantified by the dissipated non-linearity in Lamb wave propagation due to the damage state of the composite materials. This is quantified and shown coupled with second- and third-order non-linear parameters. In the second approach, ultrasonic acoustic pressure waves are utilized to quantify the fatigue-induced internal stress and the damage accumulation. A comparison of these two approaches leads to the assessment of strength reduction which is experimentally validated with the remaining strength of the specimens.
Prediction of Friction Coefficients During Scratch Based on an Integrated Finite Element and Artificial Neural Network Method
Authors: Xie Haibo , Wang Zhanjiang , Qin Na , Du Wenhao , Qian Linmao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn integrated finite element and artificial neural network method is used to analyze the impact of scratch process parameters on some variables related to elastoplastic deformation of titanium alloy. The elastoplastic constitutive parameters applied for scratch simulations are obtained from the nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis. The validity of the finite element model of scratch is confirmed by comparing the friction forces from simulations to those from experiments. The input parameters of the artificial neural network are three scratch process parameters: tip normal force, tip radius, and shear friction coefficient. The outputs are four variables related to material deformation measured during scratch: scratch depth, elastic recovery height, plowing height, and plowing friction coefficient. The network is trained with pairs of input and output datasets generated by scratch simulations. The prediction results of the neural network are in agreement with the finite element results. The model provides assistance for the prediction and analysis of complex relationships between scratch process parameters and variables related to material deformation, and between the plowing friction coefficient and the relevant parameters. The results show the independence of scratch depth and the shear friction coefficient, and the positive relationships between the shear friction coefficient and plowing friction coefficient.
Design for the Marketing Mix: The Past, Present, and Future of Market-Driven Engineering Design
Authors: Donndelinger Joseph A. , Ferguson Scott M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe four Ps of the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion) serve as a framework for characterizing the marketing decisions made during the product development process. In this paper, we describe how the last 40 years of engineering design research has increasingly incorporated representations of preference as a means of addressing the decisions that come with each “P.” We argue that this incorporation began with problem formulations based on Product only, with surrogates of preference posed as objectives (such as minimizing weight, minimizing part count) representing a firm's desire for offering a mix of products while reducing cost and maximizing profit. As the complexity of problem formulations progressed, researchers began representing preferences of the designer (using decision theory techniques) and of the customer (often in the form of random utility models). The Design for Market Systems special session was created specifically in the Design Automation Conference for advancing our understanding of design in the content of a market, extending from the decision-based design framework introduced by Hazelrigg. Since then, researchers have explored the engineering design problem formulation challenges associated with the marketing decisions of Price, Place, and Promotion. This paper highlights the advancements of the design community in each of the Ps and shows how the marketing decisions of Place and Promotion extend from the central hub of considering Price in an engineering design problem. We also highlight the exciting research opportunities that exist as the community considers more complicated, and interconnected, problem formulations that encompass the entirety of the Marketing Mix.
Force and Stability Modeling for Non-Standard Edge Geometry Endmills
Authors: No Timothy , Gomez Michael , Copenhaver Ryan , Perez Juan Uribe , Tyler Christopher , Schmitz Tony L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a reverse engineering solution for modeling the behavior of non-standard edge geometry endmills. Structured light scanning is used to produce a solid model of the endmill and spatial coordinates for the points that define the cutting edges that are extracted. These points are then used to determine the cutting edge radius and angle at equally spaced points along the tool's axis. This cutting edge geometry is applied directly in a time domain simulation that predicts the cutting force and tool/workpiece deflection for user-selected operating parameters. A good agreement between predicted and measured cutting forces is first demonstrated for two non-standard edge geometry endmills. Second, the results of stability tests are compared with simulation predictions for multiple spindle speed-axial depth of cut combinations using one of the endmills. The time records are analyzed by periodically sampling the measured and predicted displacement and velocity. Third, the time domain simulation is used to generate a stability map that separately identifies stable (forced vibration) behavior, secondary Hopf bifurcations, and period-n bifurcations.
Residual Stress Regenerated on Low Plasticity Burnished Inconel 718 Surface After Initial Turning Process
Authors: Hua Yang , Liu Zhanqiang , Wang Bing , Jiang Jiaming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLow plasticity burnishing (LPB) has been extensively employed in aero-industry to enhance fatigue performance of machined components by introducing compressive residual stress. Effects of various parameters on the residual stress field induced by low plasticity burnishing have been investigated by many researchers. However, initial residual stresses induced by machining are one of the important factors which affect the residual stress regenerated by the LPB process. The present work aims to develop an analytical model which takes into account the initial residual stress and burnishing parameters to predict residual stress field of workpiece material Inconel 718 based on Hertz contact theory and elastic–plastic theory. Initial residual stress fields were produced by turning of Inconel 718 and were measured by using X-ray diffraction technique. Two types of material constitutive models such as the linear hardening model and isotropic–kinematic model were employed to describe the elastic–plastic behavior of workpiece material Inconel 718. An analytical study was performed to analyze the effect of the initial residual stress field and burnishing parameters on residual stress induced by low plastic burnishing. The results of analytical model were verified by conducting the LPB experiments on initial turned Inconel 718. The results showed that the shape and magnitude of the residual stress field obtained with considering the effect of initial residual stress field was in good accordance with experimental measurements.
Cardiac rehabilitation for heart failure can improve quality of life and fitness
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter , Martin Rosie 
Published: October 2019

The studyTaylor RS, Walker S, Ciani O, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for chronic heart failure: the EXTRAMATCH II individual participant data meta-analysis. Health Technol Assess 2019;23:1-98.This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 15/80/30).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000803/cardiac-rehabilitation-for-heart-failure-can-improve-quality-of-life-and-fitness
Intermittent lighting program does not hinder the performance of broiler chickens and promotes energy economy
Authors: Manfio Ezequiel Somavilla , Jácome Ianglio Márcio Travassos Duarte , Serpa Felipe Cardoso , Zanchin Leonardo Faccenda , de Castro Burbarelli Maria Fernanda , Przybulinski Bruna Barreto , Barbosa Deivid Kelly , Garcia Rodrigo Garofallo 
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens in different lighting programs. Broiler chickens were fed on feeders of different colours at different breeding phases. In total, 240 Cobb500™ chicks mixed at 1 d of age were used. They were distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments followed a 2 × 4 factorial design: two lighting programs (continuous and intermittent), and four colours of feeders (white, green, blue, and red). The birds were evaluated for weekly productive performance and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and later Tukey’s test for comparison of means. In the periods 1–7, 1–21, and 1–42 d of age, lighting programs and feeder colours affected weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion. Intermittent red feeders influenced positively the performance of birds. It is possible to replace conventional lighting programs for intermittent lighting programs. Red feeders exert a positive influence on the performance of broiler chickens.
Metabolic Consequences of T-cell Costimulation in Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Teijeira Alvaro , Garasa Saray , Etxeberria Inaki , Gato-Cañas Maria , Melero Ignacio , Delgoffe Greg M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
T-cell functional behavior and performance are closely regulated by nutrient availability and the control of metabolism within the T cell. T cells have distinct energetic and anabolic needs when nascently activated, actively proliferating, in naïveté, or in a resting, memory state. As a consequence, bioenergetics are key for T cells to mount adequate immune responses in health and disease. Solid tumors are particularly hostile metabolic environments, characterized by low glucose concentration, hypoxia, and low pH. These metabolic conditions in the tumor are known to hinder antitumor immune responses of T cells by limiting nutrient availability and energetic efficiency. In such immunosuppressive environments, artificial modulation of glycolysis, mitochondrial respiratory capabilities, and fatty acid β-oxidation are known to enhance antitumor performance. Reportedly, costimulatory molecules, such as CD28 and CD137, are important regulators of metabolic routes in T cells. In this sense, different costimulatory signals and cytokines induce diverse metabolic changes that critically involve mitochondrial mass and function. For instance, the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) encompassing costimulatory domains, agonist antibodies to costimulatory receptors, and checkpoint inhibitors depends on the associated metabolic events in immune cells. Here, we review the metabolic changes that costimulatory receptors can promote in T cells and the potential consequences for cancer immunotherapy. Our focus is mostly on discoveries regarding the physiology and pharmacology of IL15, CD28, PD-1, and CD137 (4-1BB).
The flower flies and the unknown diversity of Drosophilidae (Diptera): a biodiversity inventory in the Brazilian fauna
Authors: Schmitz Hermes José , Valente Vera Lúcia Da Silva 
Published: October 2019

Diptera is a megadiverse order, reaching its peak of diversity in Neotropics, although our knowledge of dipteran fauna from this region is grossly lacking. This applies even to the most studied families, such as Drosophilidae. Despite its prominence, most aspects of the biology of these insects are still poorly understood, especially those linked to natural communities. Field studies on drosophilids are highly biased towards fruit-breeding species. Flower-breeding drosophilids, however, are worldwide distributed, especially in tropical regions, although being mostly neglected. The present paper shows the results of a biodiversity inventory of flower-breeding drosophilids carried out in several localities in Brazil, based on samples of 125 plant species, from 47 families. Drosophilids were found in flowers of 56 plant species, from 18 families. The fauna discovered turned out to be mostly unknown, comprising 28 species, with 12 of them (> 40%) still undescribed. Not taking into account opportunistic species, two-thirds of the flower-exclusive diversity was undescribed. The Drosophila bromeliae species group was the most representative taxon, with eight species (six undescribed), including four polyphagous and four Solanum-specialized species. This specialization on Solanum is reported for the first time for Drosophilidae. Other taxa of restricted flower-breeding drosophilids were the Drosophila lutzii species group and two species of the genus Zygothrica Wiedemann. Some specimens of the genera Cladochaeta Coquillett, Rhinoleucophenga Hendel and Scaptomyza Hardy were found, but their relations to flowers are unclear. Additionally, ten species of broad niche were found using flowers opportunistically. Localities and host plants were recorded for all species collected.
Neuroimaging and electroencephalographic (EEG) methods for investigating neural circuits in mental disorders
Authors: Murakami Junior Mario Minor , Hoexter Marcelo Q. , Shephard Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

It is increasingly recognised that dysfunction in neural circuits plays a key role in the neurobiological basis of mental disorders. The efficacy of pharmacological and behavioural treatments for mental disorders could therefore be improved by targeting dysfunctions in neurocircuits. However, to achieve this, a better understanding of the specific alterations in neural circuits involved in different mental disorders is required. Such understanding can be acquired by using advanced neuroscience methods to examine the pathways and function of neurocircuits in both typically developing individuals and in those with mental disorders. This article provides an overview of currently available neuroscience methods of investigating neural circuits, including advantages and limitations of different techniques, and highlights the importance of using multi-modal imaging in future research
Achieving Human Security after a Disaster: the Case of the Haiyan Widows
Authors: Mangada Ladylyn Lim , Su Yvonne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines on November 8, 2013, it took the lives of over 6,300 people. Many of those who died were men who did not evacuate in order to protect their homes. As a result, widowhood was a significant and devastating consequence of Haiyan, but widowed women were also one of the most neglected and underserved vulnerable populations in the aftermath of the disaster. The data used in this study were drawn from 15 semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions with widowed women in three areas in the province of Leyte that were heavily affected by Haiyan: Tacloban City, Palo, and Tanauan. Our fieldwork uncovered that while the delivery of humanitarian assistance provided a modicum of human security to the survivors, the ability for widows to achieve human security was severely reduced and constrained. Thus, the main research question of this paper is: “What undermined the widows from attaining human security after Haiyan?” and we argue that there were four main factors: (1) the lack of equal access to economic opportunities; (2) the occurrence of new risks in the resettlement sites; (3) the inability of institutions to respond and adapt to change; and (4) the absence of survivor-centered decision making venues. To overcome these barriers to human security in the future, we make two key policy recommendations on how local government units, being the primary organizations that deliver prevention and response services, need to do. These are: (1) prioritize the elimination of existing economic and social vulnerabilities in the relocation sites, and (2) prepare the widows and their families for future climate shocks.
Nonlinear Climate Responses to Increasing CO2 and Anthropogenic Aerosols Simulated by CESM1
Authors: Deng Jiechun , Dai Aiguo , Xu Haiming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 and anthropogenic aerosols (AA) have increased simultaneously. Because of their opposite radiative effects, these increases may offset each other, which may lead to some nonlinear effects. Here the seasonal and regional characteristics of this nonlinear effect from the CO2 and AA forcings are investigated using the fully coupled Community Earth System Model. Results show that nonlinear effects are small in the global mean of the top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes, surface air temperature, and precipitation. However, significant nonlinear effects exist over the Arctic and other extratropical regions during certain seasons. When both forcings are included, Arctic sea ice in September–November decreases less than the linear combination of the responses to the individual forcings due to a higher sea ice sensitivity to the CO2-induced warming than the sensitivity to the AA-induced cooling. This leads to less Arctic warming in the combined-forcing experiment due to reduced energy release from the Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere. Some nonlinear effects on precipitation in June–August are found over East Asia, with the northward-shifted East Asian summer rain belt to oppose the CO2 effect. In December–February, the aerosol loading over Europe in the combined-forcing experiment is higher than that due to the AA forcing, resulting from CO2-induced circulation changes. The changed aerosol loading results in regional thermal responses due to aerosol direct and indirect effects, weakening the combined changes of temperature and circulation. This study highlights the need to consider nonlinear effects from historical CO2 and AA forcings in seasonal and regional climate attribution analyses.