bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane fluctuations and acidosis regulate cooperative binding of ‘marker of self’ protein CD47 with the macrophage checkpoint receptor SIRPα
Authors: Steinkühler Jan , Różycki Bartosz , Alvey Cory , Lipowsky Reinhard , Weikl Thomas R. , Dimova Rumiana , Discher Dennis E. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Cell-cell interactions that result from membrane proteins binding weakly in trans can cause accumulations in cis that suggest cooperativity and thereby an acute sensitivity to environmental factors. The ubiquitous ‘marker of self’ protein CD47 binds weakly to SIRPα on macrophages, which leads to accumulation of SIRPα (also known as SHPS-1, CD172A and SIRPA) at phagocytic synapses and ultimately to inhibition of engulfment of ‘self’ cells – including cancer cells. We reconstituted this macrophage checkpoint with GFP-tagged CD47 on giant vesicles generated from plasma membranes and then imaged vesicles adhering to SIRPα immobilized on a surface. CD47 diffusion is impeded near the surface, and the binding-unbinding events reveal cooperative interactions as a concentration-dependent two-dimensional affinity. Membrane fluctuations out-of-plane link cooperativity to membrane flexibility with suppressed fluctuations in the vicinity of bound complexes. Slight acidity (pH 6) stiffens membranes, diminishes cooperative interactions and also reduces ‘self’ signaling of cancer cells in phagocytosis. Sensitivity of cell-cell interactions to microenvironmental factors – such as the acidity of tumors and other diseased or inflamed sites – can thus arise from the collective cooperative properties of flexible membranes.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Numerical Reconstruction of Traumatic Brain Injury in Skiing and Snowboarding
Authors: BAILLY NICOLAS , LLARI MAXIME , DONNADIEU THIERRY , MASSON CATHERINE , ARNOUX PIERRE-JEAN 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Proper evaluation of ski helmet designs and safety standards should rely on head impact conditions involved in skiing and snowboarding head injuries. To study these impacts, main crash scenarios involving head injuries are numerically replicated.

Methods
Multibody models of skiers and snowboarders were developed to investigate five common crash scenarios involved in traumatic brain injury: forward and sideways skiing falls, snowboarding backward falls, collisions between users and collisions with obstacles. For each scenario, the influence of crash conditions on head impact (location, speed, linear and rotational accelerations) and risk of injury are evaluated. Crash conditions were initial velocity, user height, position and approach angle, slope steepness, obstacles, and snow stiffness.

Results
One thousand one hundred forty-nine crashes were simulated and three significant levels of impact conditions were discriminated over the investigated crash scenarios: 1) the smallest normal-to-slope impact velocities (6 km·h−1; 22 km·h−1) and peak linear accelerations (42g; 75g) were obtained during forward and sideways skiing falls; 2) snowboarding backward falls and collisions between users were associated with high normal-to-surface impact velocities (26 km·h−1; 32 km·h−1) and head accelerations (80g; 149g) above one published threshold for mild traumatic brain injury but below the pass/fail criteria of helmet standard tests; 3) collisions with obstacles were associated with high normal-to-surface impact velocities (19 km·h−1; 35 km·h−1) and the highest head accelerations (626g; 1885g).

Conclusions
Current impact conditions of helmet standard evaluations consistently replicate collisions with obstacles, but need to be revised to better reflect other significant crash scenarios leading to traumatic brain injury.
A Dual-Accelerometer System for Classifying Physical Activity in Children and Adults
Authors: STEWART TOM , NARAYANAN ANANTHA , HEDAYATRAD LEILA , NEVILLE JONATHON , MACKAY LISA , DUNCAN SCOTT 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Accurately monitoring 24-h movement behaviors is a vital step for progressing the time-use epidemiology field. Past accelerometer-based measurement protocols are either hindered by lack of wear time compliance, or the inability to accurately discern activities and postures. Recent work has indicated that skin-attached dual-accelerometers exhibit excellent 24-h uninterrupted wear time compliance. This study extends this work by validating this system for classifying various physical activities and sedentary behaviors in children and adults.

Methods
Seventy-five participants (42 children) were equipped with two Axivity AX3 accelerometers; one attached to their thigh, and one to their lower back. Ten activity trials (e.g., sitting, standing, lying, walking, running) were performed while under direct observation in a lab setting. Various time- and frequency-domain features were computed from raw accelerometer data, which were then used to train a random forest machine learning classifier. Model performance was evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation. The efficacy of the dual-sensor protocol (relative to single sensors) was evaluated by repeating the modeling process with each sensor individually.

Results
Machine learning models were able to differentiate between six distinct activity classes with exceptionally high accuracy in both adults (99.1%) and children (97.3%). When a single thigh or back accelerometer was used, there was a pronounced drop in accuracy for nonambulatory activities (up to a 26.4% decline). When examining the features used for model training, those that took the orientation of both sensors into account concurrently were more important predictors.

Conclusions
When previous wear time compliance results are taken together with our findings, it represents a promising step forward for monitoring and understanding 24-h time-use behaviors. The next step will be to examine the generalizability of these findings in a free-living setting.
Two Centuries of Innovations and Stock Market Bubbles
Authors: Sorescu Alina , Sorescu Sorin M. , Armstrong Will J. , Devoldere Bart 
Published: July 2018

The interplay between innovation and the stock market has been extensively studied by scholars across all business disciplines. However, one phenomenon remains understudied: the association between innovation and stock market bubbles. Bubbles—defined as rapid increases and subsequent declines in stock prices—have been primarily examined by economists who generally do not focus on individual characteristics of innovations or on the consequences of bubbles for their parent firms. We set out to fill this gap in our paper. Using a sample of 51 major innovations introduced between 1825 and 2000, we test for bubbles in the stock prices of parent firms subsequent to the commercialization of these innovations. We identify bubbles in 73% of the cases. The magnitude of these bubbles increases with the radicalness of innovations, with their potential to generate indirect network effects, and with their public visibility at the time of commercialization. Moreover, we find that parent firms typically raise new equity capital during bubble periods and that the amount of equity raised is proportional to the magnitude of the bubble. Finally, we show that the buy-and-hold abnormal returns of parent firms are significantly positive between the beginning and the end of the bubble, suggesting that these innovations add value to their firm and to the economy, in spite of the bubble. Our findings have important implications for managers interested in commercializing innovations and for policy makers concerned with the stability of the financial system. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1095 .
Paradise of Novelty—Or Loss of Human Capital? Exploring New Fields and Inventive Output
Authors: Arts Sam , Fleming Lee 
Published: July 2018

Does a person become more or less creative when exploring a new field? Exploring new fields exposes a person to new knowledge that might increase the novelty of inventive output; at the same time, exploration means a lack of prior expertise and a learning challenge that might harm the value of that output. Using new combinations as a measure of novelty and citations as a measure of value, we demonstrate correlations between exploring new fields and increased novelty—but decreased value—in an inventor–firm fixed effects panel. The negative effect of exploring new fields on value is muted when the novice collaborates with experts or uses the scientific literature in the new field. We find consistent results using an unintended change in noncompete labor law as an exogenous influence on exploring new fields. The research illustrates two opposite influences of exploration on creative output and suggests how inventors can reduce the downside of entering a new field.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1216 .
As Conferências Nacionais de Saúde e a política de saúde mental para a infância
Authors: Cabral Clariana Morais Tinôco , Francischini Rosângela 
Published: July 2018

As políticas nacionais de saúde mental para a infância no Brasil constituem-se em uma tessitura complexa, ainda pouco explorada enquanto lócus de investigação, reflexão e crítica. Desta feita, compreender o percurso histórico pelo qual caminhou a saúde mental para a infância e juventude nesse país torna-se, também neste trabalho, um desafio a ser assumido. As Conferências Nacionais de Saúde (CNS) são tomadas como base referencial no presente trabalho, em virtude de seu pioneirismo, ao tornar as políticas brasileiras em saúde ações sistematizadas e organizadas em favor da efetivação de uma república democrática. A partir da análise dos relatórios produzidos com a realização das 14 CNS, pôde-se vislumbrar um panorama histórico mais fiel com relação à lógica proposta para atendimento das demandas em saúde mental infantil, ou o vácuo existente quanto à problematização e, consequentemente, à efetivação de ações que contemplem o seu seguimento.
UM DEBATE SOBRE A QUESTÃO DA DIFERENÇA NAS POLÍTICAS DE CURRÍCULO
Authors: E Souza Alexandre Augusto 
Published: July 2018

Resumo: As políticas de currículo são o tema deste artigo e o debate proposto trata a questão da diferença nas políticas curriculares. Busca-se compreender como é interpretada a diferença nas políticas de currículo, por meio da apreensão dos conceitos sobre política, currículo e diferença, bem como suas possíveis articulações. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi adotada como caminho de investigação e destacam-se as produções recentes sobre política curricular e a diferença, de Elizabeth Macedo e Alice Lopes, numa perspectiva pós-fundacional. Na perspectiva pós-fundacional compreende-se as políticas enquanto disputas por significação e a diferença é conceitualmente defendida como indecidível e imprevisível. Constata-se, com base nos estudos sobre políticas de currículo, a produção de inúmeras exclusões, o desejo de localizar e controlar o outro, o diferente.Palavras-chave: Currículo. Políticas de currículo. Diferença.Abstract: Curriculum policies are the theme of this article and the proposed debate addresses the issue of difference in curricular policies. It seeks to understand how the difference in curriculum policies is interpreted through the apprehension of concepts about politics, curriculum and difference, as well as their possible articulations. The bibliographical research was adopted as a way of investigation and the recent productions on curriculum policy and the difference, of Elizabeth Macedo and Alice Lopes, in post-foundational perspective. In the post-foundational perspective, understand the policies while disputes over meaning and the difference is conceptualized and defendeds undecidable and unpredictable. Notes, on the basis of studies on curriculum policies, the production of numerous exclusions, the desire to locate and control the other, the different.Keywords: Curriculum. Curriculum policies. Difference.
A group-theoretical approach for nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Molica Bisci Giovanni 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the existence of weak solutions for some classes of
Schrödinger equations defined on the Euclidean space

ℝ
d

{\mathbb{R}^{d}}

(

d
≥
3

{d\geq 3}

). These equations have a
variational structure and, thanks to this, we are able to find a non-trivial weak solution for them
by using the Palais principle of symmetric criticality and a group-theoretical approach used on a suitable closed subgroup of the orthogonal group

O
⁢

(
d
)

{O(d)}

. In addition, if the nonlinear term is odd, and

d
>
3

{d>3}

, the existence of

(

-
1

)

d

+

[

d
-
3

2

]

{(-1)^{d}+[\frac{d-3}{2}]}

pairs of sign-changing solutions has been proved. To make the nonlinear setting work, a certain summability of the

L
∞

{L^{\infty}}

-positive and radially symmetric potential term W governing the Schrödinger equations is requested. A concrete example of an application is pointed out. Finally, we emphasize that the method adopted here should be applied for a wider class of energies largely studied in the current literature also in non-Euclidean setting as, for instance, concave-convex nonlinearities on Cartan–Hadamard manifolds with poles.
Design a Compact UWB Monopole Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics Using EBG Structures
Authors: Mouhouche F. , Azrar A. , Dehmas M. , Djafri K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is presented. These triple band rejections are produced by inserting the Complementary Co-directional Split-Ring Resonator (CC.SRR) on the radiating element for WiMAX/WLAN (3.4–3.95 GHz/5.35–5.9 GHz) and Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure in the vicinity of transmission line for X-band satellite communications (6.7–7.7 GHz). The proposed antenna with a total size of 18×20.9×1.63 mm3 has been constructed and tested. An equivalent RLC circuit model is proposed and investigated. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) extanding from 3.05 GHz to 14 GHz with triple notched bands of [3.3–3.9 GHz], [5.25–5.86 GHz] and [6.7–7.7 GHz]. The triple band notched characteristics and the good radiation patterns make the proposed antenna a good candidate for the UWB applications.
Illegitimate or Legitimate Non-Tariff Measures
Authors: Marette Stéphan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper analyzes whether or not a standard reducing risks and influencing firms' entry is protectionist and can be interpreted as an illegitimate non-tariff measure (NTM). Domestic and foreign firms compete in selling products in the domestic market, in the presence of possible damages and endogenous sunk costs for reducing the risks of having these damages. A policymaker chooses a standard that is imposed on all firms, but may also impede their ability to enter the domestic market. Welfare can be improved with a legitimate NTM, particularly under relatively high levels of sunk costs and damages, justifying a reduction in the number of firms allowing a higher effort for curbing the expected damage. Protectionism related to an illegitimate NTM occurs when the standard maximizing domestic or foreign welfare is higher than the international standard, maximizing the world (or global) welfare inclusive of all profits and surpluses across countries. The characterization of protectionism is influenced by the domestic or foreign origin of firms, and by the nature of the expected damage incurred at either the production level or the consumption level. Configurations with expected damages related to consumption tend to exhibit more cases of protectionism compared to configurations with expected damages related to production.
Differentiation of Human Medial Prefrontal Cortex Activity Underlies Long-Term Resistance to Forgetting in Memory
Authors: Ezzyat Youssef , Inhoff Marika C. , Davachi Lila 
Published: July 2018

It is well known that distributing study events over time leads to better memory over long time scales, compared with massing study events together. One explanation for such long-term resistance to forgetting is that distributed study leads to neural differentiation in memory, which supports retrieval of past experiences by disambiguating highly similar memory representations. Neuroanatomical models of episodic memory retrieval propose that the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) work together to enable retrieval of behaviorally appropriate memories. However, it is not known how representations in these regions jointly support resistance to forgetting long after initial learning. Using fMRI, we measured differentiation in retrieved memory representations following an extended delay in male and female human participants. After 1 week, word–object associations were better remembered if studied across 2 d (overnight), allowing associations to be learned in distinct temporal contexts, compared with learning within a single day (same day). MPFC retrieval patterns showed differentiation for overnight relative to same day memories, whereas hippocampal patterns reflected associative retrieval success. Overnight memory differentiation in MPFC was higher for associative than item memories and higher than differentiation assessed over a brain-wide set of retrieval-active voxels. The memory-related difference in MPFC pattern differentiation correlated with memory success for overnight learning and with hippocampal–MPFC functional connectivity. These results show that learning information across days leads to differentiated MPFC memory representations, reducing forgetting after 1 week, and suggest this arises from persistent interactions between MPFC and hippocampus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural activity in both the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been linked to memory-related representations, but prior work has not examined how these representations support episodic memory retrieval over extended time scales that are characteristic of everyday retrieval. We show that differentiation in MPFC activity 1 week after encoding is higher for retrieved information learned across 2 d compared with within a single day. In hippocampus, differentiation was greater for detailed memory retrieval but was not influenced by whether information had been learned over 1 or 2 d. Differentiation in MPFC predicted behavioral robustness to forgetting and was correlated with hippocampal–MPFC connectivity. The results suggest that context-based differentiation supports robust long-term memory via persistent MPFC–hippocampal interactions.
Disparities in the Use of Programmed Death 1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: O'Connor Jeremy M. , Seidl-Rathkopf Kathi , Torres Aracelis Z. , You Paul , Carson Kenneth R. , Ross Joseph S. , Gross Cary P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Amid growing excitement for immune checkpoint inhibitors of programmed death protein 1 (anti-PD1 agents), little is known about whether race- or sex-based disparities exist in their use. In this observational study, we constructed a large and mostly community-based cohort of patients with advanced stage cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell carcinoma, to compare the odds of receiving systemic treatment with or without anti-PD1 agents by race and by sex. In multivariable models that adjusted for age, stage, and number of prior anticancer therapies, we found no significant race-based disparities in anti-PD1 treatment. However, among patients with NSCLC, males had significantly higher odds of receiving anti-PD1 treatment compared with females (odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.24, p = .02). This finding suggests that as anti-PD1 agents enter the market to transform patient care, it will be critical to monitor for disparities in the use of these drugs.
IN THE SEARCH OF A KEY. THE STATE’S PROGRAMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN THE END OF XX – IN THE EARLY OF XXI CENTURIES
Authors: SAVCHENKO A. E. 
Published: July 2018

In the contemporary history of the Far Eastern policy there is certain repetitiveness, we are referring to several periods when Moscow tried to ensure the development of the region by the means of special large-scale development programs. The program goals remained unreached and the approach itself appeared to be discredited and shortly after this took place a radical change of the Far Eastern policy - from the state patronage to the reliance on private capital. Program approach is based on the good the premise that the state is capable of fixing the weaknesses and to lift restrictions for the economic growth of the Far East by concentrating administrative and financial efforts on priority areas. Activation of the Far Eastern policy in response to the deteriorating geopolitical and economical conditions in the region was the most obvious reaction of the state seeking to increase its capacity at the expenses of an access to new resources and markets. Moreover, such a policy is usually based on the grand strategy (from Mikhail Gorbachev’s «new thinking» and «return to civilization» to the contemporary «turn to the East» and Vladimir Putin’s «big Eurasia») and is supported by all the power of the Far Eastern geopolitical mythology. However, as our analysis shows - this is the wrong answer Realistic development way of this territory as confirmed by experience is a slow process of individual projects with clear prospects of accessing the export markets. The key problem on this way is the state's ability to choose priorities and to keep the planned line avoiding endless expansion objectives, preferential regimes and financing scopes. The geopolitical argument used by supporters of the active Far Eastern policy rather hinders than promotes the development of the region, pushing the country to the cost savings path.
FORMATION OF THE NETWORK OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS AND MASS MEDIA OF 1960-1970-IES IN DAGESTAN
Authors: MAGOMEDOV M.-G. Kh. , ALIBEKOV M.-Z. M.-R. , DAITMIRZAEV S. A. 
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the formation of a network of cultural institutions in Dagestan. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the role of state authorities in the formation of a network of educational institutions is determined, and the state of their material and technical base is analyzed. The authors show that, under the management of state authorities, the problem of forming a network of educational institutions was basically solved. Despite the great achievements in the organization of cultural institutions in the republic, the shortcomings generated by the weakness of the material and technical base are also shown: the state of the educational premises, the shortage of equipment, and the shortage of pedagogical personnel. The true scale of the work on the expansion of the cultural institution network is shown. By the end of the 1970s there were still many settlements in Dagestan that did not have a permanent cultural institution. Much attention is paid to the coverage of problems of cultural and educational work in the cities of the republic in the post-war decades. Based on reliable factual material, the authors trace the increase in the scope and quality of the cultural events held in the cities of the region during this period, despite the continuing difficulties and unresolved problems of that time. The article also reflects the assistance of the federal center in the development of cultural and educational work in the republic.