bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing positioning accuracy in adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer using cervical‐thoracic integrated bracket combined with deep inspiration breath holding
Authors: Wan Bao , Liu Yunsong , Ge Yandong , Liu Fan , Zhao Ruiao , Li Tantan , Zhang Yanxin , Zhang Wei , Huan Fukui , Yang Xu , Hui Zhouguang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the accuracy of three fixation methods in patients with left breast cancer receiving whole breast radiotherapy: conventional breast bracket (BB), breast bracket combined with deep inspiration breath holding (DIBH), and cervical‐thoracic integrated bracket (CTIB) combined with DIBH.MethodsFrom January 2023 to September 2023, 84 patients who underwent left breast cancer radiotherapy with supraclavicular radiation after conservative surgery were included in this study, of which 25 patients were fixed by conventional BB, 34 patients by BB & DIBH, and 25 patients by CTIB & DIBH. Image registration was conducted around the treatment area, using the sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint as landmarks. Systematic and random errors were calculated to assess the accuracy of these fixation methods.ResultsCompared to the conventional BB group, the CTIB & DIBH group demonstrated significant improvements in accuracy across multiple dimensions, including left–right, superior‐posterior, and anterior–posterior directions, as well as rotational errors in the sagittal and coronal planes. The CTIB & DIBH group showed a significant reduction of setup error in the anterior–posterior direction compared to the BB & DIBH group. The displacement of the acromioclavicular joint varied, with the CTIB & DIBH method showing more favorable outcomes.ConclusionDIBH method exhibited lower setup errors and more effective fixation of the acromioclavicular joint, especially when combined with CTIB, making it a recommended fixation method in adjuvant radiotherapy following breast‐conserving surgery.
Piwi mutant germ cells transmit a form of heritable stress that promotes longevity
Authors: Heestand Bree , McCarthy Ben , Simon Matt , Lister‐Shimauchi Evan H. , Frenk Stephen , Ahmed Shawn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe C. elegans Argonaute protein PRG‐1/Piwi and associated piRNAs protect metazoan genomes by silencing transposons and other types of foreign DNA. As prg‐1 mutants are propagated, their fertility deteriorates prior to the onset of a reproductive arrest phenotype that resembles a starvation‐induced stress response. We found that late‐generation prg‐1 mutants with substantially reduced fertility were long‐lived, whereas early‐ or mid‐generation prg‐1 mutants had normal lifespans. Loss of the stress response transcription factor DAF‐16 caused mid‐ or late‐generation prg‐1 mutants to live very short lives, whereas overexpression of DAF‐16 enabled both mid‐ and late‐generation prg‐1 mutants to live long. Cytoplasmic P‐bodies that respond to stress increased in long‐lived late‐generation prg‐1 mutants and were transmitted to F1 but not F2 cross‐progeny. Moreover, moderate levels of heritable stress shorten late‐generation prg‐1 mutant longevity when DAF‐16 or P bodies are deficient. Together, these results suggest that the longevity of late‐generation prg‐1 mutants is a hormetic stress response. However, dauer larvae that occur in response to stress were not observed in late‐generation prg‐1 mutants. Small germ cell nucleoli that depended on germline DAF‐16 were present in late‐generation prg‐1 mutants but were not necessary for their longevity. We propose that prg‐1 mutant germ cells transmit a form of heritable stress, high levels of which promote longevity and strongly reduce fertility. The heritable stress transmitted by prg‐1/Piwi mutant germ cells may be generally relevant to epigenetic inheritance of longevity.
Towards cultural inclusion for older adults from culturally and linguistically diverse communities: A commentary on recent aged care reforms
Authors: Dakey Samuel K. , Maxwell Hazel , Siette Joyce 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveDue to the high and increasing number of older people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds in Australia, it is essential to ensure that the upcoming Support at Home program and other new initiatives incorporate culturally responsive aged care provision. Failing to address these challenges perpetuates inequalities in access to quality care for CALD older adults.MethodsThis paper reviews recent reforms and initiatives in aged care, identifies culturally responsive provisions and proposes new approaches for upcoming reforms that focus on CALD older people and their support networks. We summarise current standards of cultural appropriateness in aged care to identify areas for improvement.ResultsThere are instructive interactions between cultural responsiveness and standardising or mainstreaming provision in recent aged care policies and initiatives. We argue that culturally adapting the aged care assessments and Support at Home frameworks through co‐production collaborations in the Aged Care Data and Digital Strategy (2024–2029) is not just beneficial but necessary. These actions involve (i) developing culturally tailored assessment tools that consider linguistic and cultural factors, such as using bilingual questionnaires and incorporating culturally responsive communication materials, and (ii) incorporating cultural competence training. Implementing these changes, though complex, will enable equitable and inclusive aged care. It involves overcoming language and cultural barriers that impede effective communication and care.ConclusionsWe advocate for ongoing testing and evaluation of these approaches to determine their feasibility for integration into digitisation plans within the aged care sector.
Cancer Clinical Trial Participation Amongst Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Patients in Australia
Authors: Muhandiramge Jaidyn , Nilsen Oliver J. , Hafeez Umbreen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeClinical trials play a large role in oncological. Many barriers to participation in cancer clinical trials exist, including a patient's status as “culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD)”. Globally, it is thought that CALD patients experience lower rates of trial participation, although very few studies quantify rates of cancer clinical trial participation in this group. Our study therefore aims to characterize CALD participation in cancer clinical trials in an Australian setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the Cancer Clinical Trials Centre at Austin Health, a large tertiary metropolitan cancer center in Melbourne, Australia. Participation in cancer clinical trials between groups was compared using simple descriptive analysis, Chi‐squared analysis, and logistic regression.ResultsOf 2568 patients (mean age 57.9 years, 37% female) offered entry into a cancer clinical trial between 2018 and 2023, 26% were from a CALD background (n = 678), and 9% had a preferred language other than English (n = 219). A greater proportion of non‐CALD patients participated in a cancer clinical trial compared with CALD patients (37% versus 33% respectively, p = 0.04). In logistic regression models, Arabic (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21–0.93 [univariate]) and Greek (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31–0.91 [multivariate]) language groups, along with overall CALD status (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.99 [univariate]) were associated with lower cancer clinical trial participation.ConclusionWe found that CALD patients, those born in non‐English speaking countries, and specific language groups, were associated with lower cancer clinical trial participation.
Leishmaniasis masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum in a non‐endemic area: A case report
Authors: Becker Sarah L. , Phillips Gregory S. , Keller Jesse , Sheth Radhika , Egge Stephanie , Koon Stephanie Mengden , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) can be difficult to diagnose, leading to diagnostic delay which affects patient outcomes and increases health care utilization. Among different scenarios of diagnostic delay, atypical infections can mimic PG. Here, we present a case of extensive cutaneous leishmaniasis initially misdiagnosed as the superficial granulomatous variant of PG and describe diagnostic clues to aid in differentiation.
Cell Communications Between GCs and Macrophages Contribute to the Residence of Macrophage in Preovulatory Follicles
Authors: Wu Huihua , Zhang Ce , Zhu Rui , Meng Qingxia , Wang Fuxin , Gao Liang , Zhao Nannan , Li Hong , Li Mingqing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTProblemThere were not only granulosa cells (GCs) but also immune cells in preovulatory follicular fluid. The objective of this study was to explore the interactions between macrophages and GCs via adhesion molecules in preovulatory follicles and the regulatory mechanisms of the interactions.Method of StudyFlow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of ITGB1 in macrophages and fibronectin (FN)1 in GCs in preovulatory follicles from 12 patients. The synthesis of FN1 protein in human ovarian GCs line (KGN) was detected by western blot. An adhesion experiment was performed to observe the changes of KGN cells adhesion to macrophages.ResultsThe progesterone levels 12 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration in the high proportion immune cells (high immune [HI]) group were significantly higher than that in the low proportion immune cells (low immune [LI]) group (p < 0.0001). The expression of ITGB1 in macrophages in the HI group was higher than in the LI group. The expression of FN1 in GCs in HI group was higher than in LI group (p < 0.01). Progesterone increased the synthesis of FN1 in KGN cells (p < 0.0001) and was suppressed by the elimination of PGR. The adhesion effect of KGN cells on macrophages was enhanced by progesterone (p < 0.0001).ConclusionAfter luteinizing hormone (LH)/HCG surge, progesterone promotes the expression of FN1 in GCs by acting on the receptor PGR, and then GCs enhance the adhesion of macrophages by FN1‐ITGB1 interaction, further leading to the result that macrophages perform diverse functional activities to maintain tissue homeostasis during ovulation.
Who wins when? Election timing and descriptive representation
Authors: Hajnal Zoltan L. , Kogan Vladimir , Markarian G. Agustin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examine how the timing of local elections affects the success of minority candidates, who remain woefully underrepresented in public office. We build on research showing that concurrent elections narrow racial gaps in voter turnout and leverage changes in the timing of local elections in California. Our analysis shows that filling local offices in November of even years increases minority officeholding, at least for some groups. The results demonstrate how, when, and for whom election timing matters. Latinos gain most, potentially at the expense of White and, to a lesser degree, Black representation. An investigation of potential mechanisms suggests that these effects depend on group population size and the magnitude of the turnout changes. An increase in the number of co‐ethnic candidates running also appears to contribute to the representational benefits of on‐cycle elections. Finally, the effects are most pronounced during presidential elections, when turnout improvements are largest.
The interplay of body mass index, gestational weight gain, and birthweight over 3800 g in vaginal breech birth: A retrospective study
Authors: Tautenhahn Henriette , Dathan‐Stumpf Anne , Kabbani Noura , Stepan Holger , Lia Massimiliano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionOptimal counseling of women for vaginal breech birth requires consideration of both established and emerging risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes. Currently, rising prevalences of maternal obesity and impaired glucose tolerance challenge obstetric care. We aimed to investigate the effects of these parameters on the outcome of vaginal breech birth to improve counseling practices.Material and MethodsA total of 361 women (without previous vaginal births) attending vaginal birth of a singleton fetus in breech presesntation between 01/2015 and 11/2021 were included in this retrospective single‐center study. Data were derived from the hospital data base. We analyzed the effect of the maternal body mass index (BMI) at birth (compared to pre‐pregnancy BMI), excessive weight gain, gestational diabetes, and neonatal birthweight on obstetrical and neonatal short‐term outcomes (intrapartum cesarean delivery, performance of obstetric maneuvers (Løvset‐, Bracht‐, Veit‐Smellie maneuver and Bickenbach's arm delivery), admission to the neonatal unit, Apgar score after 5 minutes <7, and arterial cord pH‐value <7.10). Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis and adjustment of variables.ResultsOverall, 246 women (68.1%) had a successful vaginal birth. Intrapartum cesarean delivery (n = 115/361; 31.9%) was independently associated with maternal BMI at birth (p = 0.0283, aOR = 1.87 (1.19–3.97)) if birthweight was ≥3800 g. The rate of intrapartum cesarean delivery was also higher in women with gestational diabetes (p = 0.0030, aOR = 10.83 (2.41‐60.84)). A significantly higher risk of neonatal acidosis (arterial pH‐value <7.10) was observed in women with BMI at birth ≥30 kg/m2 (p = 0.0345, aOR = 1.84 (1.04–3.22)) without affecting other outcomes. Pre‐pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and BMI‐gain did not significantly affect the obstetrical and neonatal birth outcomes.ConclusionsWhen neonatal birthweight is ≥3800 g, maternal BMI at birth (p = 0.0283; aOR = 1.87 (1.19–3.97)) is independently associated with the rate of intrapartum cesarean delivery. However, pre‐pregnancy BMI and BMI‐gain during pregnancy were not associated with the need for intrapartum cesarean delivery or other adverse outcomes. Consequently, BMI at the time of birth could be more informative than pre‐pregnancy BMI and may improve counseling of women attempting vaginal breech birth.
Drivers of masculinity: Marginality, manhood, and mobilities during a pandemic
Authors: Annavarapu Sneha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I consider how the COVID‐19 pandemic shaped the gendered self‐understandings of cabdrivers in the southern Indian city of Hyderabad. Extending research on the pandemic's effect on economically and socially marginalised groups such as app‐based cabdrivers and by taking into account masculinity as a framework of analysis, in this paper, I ask: how does a crisis like the pandemic impact self‐understandings of men cabdrivers? How does the intensification of precarity during a global crisis affect the way men understand themselves as gendered selves? Based on ethnographic fieldwork collected both before the pandemic and during, I trace two emergent patterns which I briefly explore in this paper. First, I show how and why the ‘breadwinner’ trope (and the attendant ideologies of protection and provision) was largely reinforced but also, sometimes, challenged during the pandemic. I then move the analytical gaze outside the space of the home to examine how care structures interrelatedness among cabdrivers as a community in the register of brotherhood. Ultimately, I argue that adopting a gendered lens on the pandemic offers an analytical flashpoint in identifying when and why ideologies of manhood, particularly among subaltern men, intersect with broader socio‐economic forces in shaping individual experiences and narratives.
The core of division: Examining how essentialist views of the U.S. underlie right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and nationalism
Authors: Miller Jason M. , Landau Mark J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose that political polarization stems in part from differing conceptions of one's nation. Four studies tested the hypothesis that national essentialism – conceiving one's nation as possessing an inherent, unchanging essence – underlies three political ideologies: right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and nationalism. Study 1 (n = 263) provides correlational evidence that essentialist thinking about the U.S. positively predicted all three ideological variables, as well as support for conservative policies regarding religion, taxes, the environment, and immigration. Converging experiments show that prompting participants to think about the U.S.’s essence increased support for RWA and nationalism, but not SDO. Study 2 (n = 164) compared an essentialist to a non‐essentialist framing of the U.S., while Study 3 (n = 150) compared essentialist framings of the U.S. to an unrelated concept (music). Parallel mediation analyses show that support for RWA and nationalism mediated the relationship between primed national essentialism and support for conservative policy positions. Study 4 (n = 174) directly replicated Study 2 and went further to test mediators, showing that perceptions of intergroup threat mediated the effect of national essentialism on RWA, while national identification mediated the effect of national essentialism on nationalism. Data and materials are publicly available at: (https://osf.io/srvxk/?view_only=d803fbf4c59c4b7e912f5a345ddb09b9)
External evaluation of intravenous vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models in adults receiving high‐flux intermittent haemodialysis
Authors: Ji Cheng , Garcia Jonathan , Sabuga Argem Joy , Ricard Maurane , Dion France , Rosu Vlad Alexandru , Legris Marie‐Ève , Marsot Amélie , Nguyen Van Dong 
Published: November 2024

AimsPatients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are at greater risk of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections requiring intravenous vancomycin. Close vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring is warranted in HD patients as renal clearance is the primary elimination pathway. Clinically, population pharmacokinetics (popPK) model‐informed dosing is commonly used. This study aimed to perform an external evaluation of published vancomycin popPK models developed for adults undergoing high‐flux intermittent HD, and to create a dosing nomogram derived from the model that performed best.MethodsA literature review was conducted through PubMed and EMBASE to identify relevant popPK models. an external dataset was collected retrospectively from patients of 2 healthcare centres in Quebec, Canada. Selected models were implemented in NONMEM (v7.5; ICON Development Solutions). Predictive performance was assessed through prediction and simulation‐based diagnostics.ResultsIn total, 2386 vancomycin concentrations were collected from 274 patients and 476 antibiotic courses. Four vancomycin popPK models were selected for evaluation. None of the models demonstrated overall satisfactory or clinically acceptable predictive performance. Nonetheless, Bae et al.’s model performed best with a median prediction error of 16.25% and median absolute prediction error of 34.66%. Different predictive performance was also observed for vancomycin concentrations from samples collected during and between HD sessions.ConclusionAll evaluated models presented poor overall predictive performance. Further studies are required, through existing popPK model parameter re‐estimation or new model development, to adequately describe vancomycin pharmacokinetics for our high‐flux intermittent HD patient cohort.
sGC stimulator (BAY 41‐8543) combined with PDE9 inhibitor (BAY 73‐6691) reduces renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats
Authors: Chen Xin , Delić Denis , Liu Yvonne , Cao Yaochen , Zhang Zeyu , Wu Hongwei , Gaballa Mohamed M. S. , Klein Thomas , Elitok Saban , Krämer Bernhard K. , Hocher Berthold 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRenal fibrosis is closely related to the prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increase in cGMP reduces renal fibrosis. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) are key enzymes that maintain cGMP levels. BAY 41–8543 (1 mg/kg/day) and/or BAY 73–6691 (1 mg/kg/day) were used to treat 5/6 nephrectomized rats for 13 weeks. 5/6 Nephrectomy caused an increase in cystatin C, proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. Neither sGC stimulation nor PDE9 inhibition alone improved kidney function and morphology, whereas BAY 41–8543 in combination with BAY 73–6691 attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis. This beneficial effect could not be explained by alterations in blood pressure and the renal immune system. BAY 41–8543 in combination with BAY 73–6691 had no effect on renal macrophage, CD4 + T‐cell and CD8 + T‐cell in the late‐stage of 5/6 nephrectomy. RNA sequencing revealed BAY 41–8543 in combination with BAY 73–6691 down‐regulated the expression of fibrosis‐related genes such as Collagen Type I Alpha 1, Collagen Type III Alpha 1 Chain and Collagen Type XIV Alpha 1 Chain. sGC stimulator combined with PDE9 inhibitor attenuated renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by down‐regulating fibrosis‐related gene expression. This novel approach of using low‐dose combination therapies to minimize side effects while maintaining therapeutic efficacy offers a promising strategy for the treatment of CKD.
Patient‐reported outcomes after treatment for rectal cancer—A prospective nationwide study
Authors: Slørdahl Kathinka Schmidt , Balto Aina , Guren Marianne Grønlie , Wibe Arne , Kørner Hartwig , Norderval Stig , Gjelsvik Ylva Maria , Myklebust Tor Åge , Larsen Inger Kristin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimWhile modern treatment has improved rectal cancer (RC) survival, it can cause late side effects that impact health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate HRQoL and late effects 1 year after diagnosis in patients who underwent major resection for Stage I–III RC.MethodAll patients with RC registered in the Cancer Registry of Norway between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020, aged ≥ 18 years, and a control group without colorectal cancer were invited to participate in the study by answering a questionnaire on HRQoL and late effects. Functional domains and symptoms were compared in different patient groups and between patients and controls.ResultsThere were 558 patients and 1693 controls eligible for analysis. Response rates were 41% for patients and 23% for controls. Some differences in HRQoL were observed between treatment modalities. Major low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) was prevalent in 60.8% of patients, and was associated with lower functional and higher symptom scores compared with patients with no/minor LARS. Patients with major chronic pain [n = 86 (15.4%)] had significantly lower scores for most of the functional items and higher symptom scores than patients with no/minor chronic pain. Patients had some lower functional scores and several higher symptoms score compared with controls.ConclusionPatients who suffered from major LARS or major chronic pain had significantly impaired functions and more symptoms beyond change in bowel function and pain, respectively. Identification and treatment of these patient may hopefully be beneficial for their HRQoL.