bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent and occult hepatitis B virus infections among blood donors in the United States
Authors: Ramachandran Sumathi , Groves Jamel A. , Xia Guo‐liang , Saá Paula , Notari Edward P. , Drobeniuc Jan , Poe Amanda , Khudyakov Natasha , Schillie Sarah F. , Murphy Trudy V. , Kamili Saleem , Teo Chong‐Gee , Dodd Roger Y. , Khudyakov Yury E. , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDCharacteristics of US blood donors with recent (RBI) or occult (OBI) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are not well defined.METHODSDonors with RBI and OBI were identified by nucleic acid and serologic testing among 34.4 million donations during 2009–2015. Consenting donors were interviewed and their HBV S‐gene sequenced.RESULTSThe overall rate of HBV‐infected donors was 7.95 per 100,000; of these, 0.35 per 100,000 and 1.70 per 100,000 were RBI and OBI, respectively. RBI (n = 120) and OBI (n = 583) donors constituted 26% of all HBV‐infected (n = 2735) donors. Detection of HBV DNA in 92% of OBI donors required individual donation nucleic acid testing. Donors with OBI compared to RBI were older (mean age, 48 vs 39 years; p < 0.0001) with lower median viral loads (9 vs. 529 IU/mL; p < 0.0001). A higher proportion of OBI than RBI donors were born or resided in an endemic country (39% vs. 5%; p = 0.0078). Seventy‐seven percent of all RBI and OBI donors had multiple sex partners, an HBV‐risk factor. Of 40 RBI and 10 OBI donors whose S gene was sequenced, 33 (83%) and 6 (60%), respectively, carried HBV subgenotype A2; 18 (55%) and 2 (33%), respectively, shared an identical sequence. Infection with 1 or more putative HBV‐immune‐escape mutants was identified in 5 (50%) of OBI but no RBI donors.CONCLUSIONRBI and OBI continue to be identified at low rates, confirming the importance of comprehensive HBV DNA screening of US blood donations. HBV‐infected donors require referral for care and evaluation and contact tracing; their HBV strains may provide important information on emergent genotypes.
Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on preventing diabetes in adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wechkunanukul Kannikar , Benton Fiona , May Nikki 
Published: November 2018

Review question:
The question of this review is: Is lifestyle intervention effective in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults identified as being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
Additional specific review sub-questions are:
Institucionalidad Pública para el Envejecimiento y las formas de organización residencial
Authors: Jaramillo Angela María 
Published: November 2018

Uno de los aspectos señalados desde la primera asamblea mundial de envejecimiento, es la familia y el hogar. Su importancia se relaciona con los cambios observados en el siglo XX, respecto a la composición de los hogares y su función de apoyo para las personas mayores. A continuación, se presenta la forma en la que los distintos instrumentos políticos internacionales, regionales y nacionales han abordado la familia y el hogar, y los avances de la implementación de las acciones de la política nacional en este campo. Para esto se utilizaron fuentes documentales, entrevistas realizadas a profesionales[1] que han trabajado en la formulación e implementación de la política nacional, y académicos[2] que se dedican a la investigación del envejecimiento y la vejez en el país. El propósito es establecer los avances y tensiones del proceso de institucionalización del tema en Colombia, en particular, respecto al asunto de la familia y el hogar. Palabras claves: envejecimiento, vejez, familia, hogar política social. [1] Se realizaron 11 entrevistas a profesionales del nivel nacional, departamental, municipal y local. Para el caso de las entidades territoriales, no se recibió respuesta a la solicitud de las entrevistas. Las entrevistas hacen parte de dos investigaciones: De la política a la acción: “Estado y Avances de la Implementación de la Política Pública social para el Envejecimiento y la Vejez (PPSEV) en Bogotá; y “Envejecimiento Demográfico, Derechos Humanos y Protección Social de la Vejez. Colombia, 1951-2020", realizados entre los años 2012 y 2014, en colaboración con el Instituto de Envejecimiento y Vejez de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ). Los resultados de las investigaciones se encuentran disponibles en el Instituto de Envejecimiento de la PUJ. El análisis que se hace de las entrevistas en este estudio no se hace parte de los resultados de las investigaciones mencionadas, ni se ha publicado. [2] Se realizaron cuatro entrevistas a expertos académicos que llevan más de 10 años investigando sobre envejecimiento y vejez. Dos de estas entrevistas hacen parte de una serie de cuatro programas de radio que se hizo sobre las políticas públicas de envejecimiento y vejez en Colombia y Bogotá (Programa Hologramas Sociales, Javeriana Estéreo, 2012-2013).
Identification of log units in clay rock formations based on local and spatial statistics of well-log properties: application to the Opalinus claystone in the Benken borehole
Authors: Rabaute Alain , Garcia Michel H. , Becker Jens 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Due to their particularly good mechanical and self-healing properties combined with exceptionally efficient cation adsorbents and exchanger capacities, clay minerals and clay rock formations are considered as suitable geological barriers for radioactive waste disposal. The Middle Jurassic Opalinus Clay Formation has been identified as a potential host rock. Logging data were measured at the Benken borehole drilled through this formation in northern Switzerland. This paper presents a statistical methodology to improve the description of the physical properties of the clay rock based on the well-log data. The methodology involves the classification of a set of local statistics, calculated from a reduced number of principal components computed from well-log properties. The use of a kernel-based method to calculate local statistics allows an analysis of spatial variability to be carried out at different scales, and with different scale effects. The first-order layering was found to be robust and independent of kernel size (i.e. observation scale), while preserving small-scale heterogeneities that are useful for further interpretation. The log units can be more clearly interpreted in terms of stationary or transitional log units, depending on the behaviour of local statistics. Finally, the derived spatial variability of the log-units properties are compared with earlier lithological descriptions and stratigraphic data.
Association between social media use (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook) and depressive symptoms: Are Twitter users at higher risk?
Authors: Jeri-Yabar Antoine , Sanchez-Carbonel Alejandra , Tito Karen , Ramirez-delCastillo Jimena , Torres-Alcantara Alessandra , Denegri Daniela , Carreazo Yhuri 
Published: November 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between social media dependence and depressive symptoms and also, to characterize the level of dependence. It was a transversal, analytical research. Subjects and Methods: The stratified sample was 212 students from a private university that used Facebook, Instagram and/or Twitter. To measure depressive symptoms, Beck Depression Inventory was used, and to measure the dependence to social media, the Social Media Addiction Test was used, adapted from the Internet Addiction Test of Echeburúa. The collected data were subjected for analysis by descriptive statistics where STATA12 was used. Results: The results show that there is an association between social media dependence and depressive symptoms (PR [Prevalence Ratio] = 2.87, CI [Confidence Interval] 2.03–4.07). It was also shown that preferring the use of Twitter (PR = 1.84, CI 1.21–2.82) over Instagram (PR = 1.61, CI 1.13–2.28) is associated with depressive symptoms when compared to the use of Facebook. Conclusion: Excessive social media use is associated with depressive symptoms in university students, being more prominent in those who prefer the use of Twitter over Facebook and Instagram.
Early Cannulation of Bovine Carotid Artery Graft Reduces Tunneled Dialysis Catheter-Related Complications: A Comparison of Bovine Carotid Artery Graft Versus Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts in Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Marcus Preston , Echeverria Angela , Cheung Mathew , Kfoury Elias , Shim Kevin , Lin Peter H. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: In patients who receive chronic hemodialysis but do not have autogenous venous conduit for a native dialysis access, nonautologous grafts serve as an alternative conduit of choice. This study compared the clinical outcome of hemodialysis access using bovine carotid artery graft (BCAG) and prosthetic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft in patients who receive chronic hemodialysis. Methods: An analysis of all patients undergoing hemodialysis using either BCAG or PTFE grafts from 2010 to 2017 was performed. Clinical outcomes were analyzed including graft patency as well as associated complications related to dialysis grafts and tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC). Results: During the study period, 142 patients received BCAG and 128 patients received PTFE graft implantation for dialysis access. The mean duration from graft implantation to graft cannulation in the BCAG and PTFE group was 12.3 ± 8.5 days versus 43.5 ± 16.4, respectively ( P = .01). Bovine carotid artery graft group had a higher 2-year primary patency rate (33% vs 14%, P = .03) and assisted primary rate (57% vs 23%, P = .02) compared to the PTFE group. The 2-year secondary patency rates were similar between the 2 groups (56% vs 53%, P = .69). Complication rates in the BCAG and PTFE group was 1.69 ± 0.24 per patient-year versus 2.54 ± 0.48 per patient-year, respectively ( P = .01). Tunneled dialysis catheter-related infection was greater in the PTFE group compared to the BCAG group (10.87 ± 2.61 vs 5.69 ± 0.98 per 1000 TDC days; P = .02). Bovine carotid artery graft cohorts group required a mean of 1.69 interventions per patient-year, compared to 2.76 per patient-year for the PTFE group ( P = .03). Conclusions: Bovine carotid artery graft permits earlier cannulation for hemodialysis access with superior primary and assisted primary patency rates compared to PTFE grafts. Patients with BCAG experienced shorter indwelling TDC duration and less TDC-related complications compared to PTFE cohorts.
Nfe2 is dispensable for early but required for adult thrombocyte formation and function in zebrafish
Authors: Rost Megan S. , Shestopalov Ilya , Liu Yang , Vo Andy H. , Richter Catherine E. , Emly Sylvia M. , Barrett Francesca G. , Stachura David L. , Holinstat Michael , Zon Leonard I. , Shavit Jordan A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe NFE2 transcription factor is expressed in multiple hematopoietic lineages with a well-defined role in regulating megakaryocyte biogenesis and platelet production in mammals. Mice deficient in NFE2 develop severe thrombocytopenia with lethality resulting from neonatal hemorrhage. Recent data in mammals reveal potential differences in embryonic and adult thrombopoiesis. Multiple studies in zebrafish have revealed mechanistic insights into hematopoiesis, although thrombopoiesis has been less studied. Rather than platelets, zebrafish possess thrombocytes, which are nucleated cells with similar functional properties. Using transcription activator-like effector nucleases to generate mutations in nfe2, we show that unlike mammals, zebrafish survive to adulthood in the absence of Nfe2. Despite developing severe thrombocytopenia, homozygous mutants do not display overt hemorrhage or reduced survival. Surprisingly, quantification of circulating thrombocytes in mutant 6-day-old larvae revealed no significant differences from wild-type siblings. Both wild-type and nfe2 null larvae formed thrombocyte-rich clots in response to endothelial injury. In addition, ex vivo thrombocytic colony formation was intact in nfe2 mutants, and adult kidney marrow displayed expansion of hematopoietic progenitors. These data suggest that loss of Nfe2 results in a late block in adult thrombopoiesis, with secondary expansion of precursors: features consistent with mammals. Overall, our data suggest parallels with erythropoiesis, including distinct primitive and definitive pathways of development and potential for a previously unknown Nfe2-independent pathway of embryonic thrombopoiesis. Long-term homozygous mutant survival will facilitate in-depth study of Nfe2 deficiency in vivo, and further investigation could lead to alternative methodologies for the enhancement of platelet production.
Prospective randomised controlled trial of Algisite™ M, Cuticerin™, and Sorbact® as donor site dressings in paediatric split-thickness skin grafts
Authors: McBride Craig A. , Kimble Roy M. , Stockton Kellie A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
This is a parallel three-arm prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing Algisite™ M, Cuticerin™, and Sorbact® as donor site dressings in paediatric split-thickness skin grafts (STSG). All three were in current use within the Pegg Leditschke Children’s Burn centre (PLCBC), the largest paediatric burns centre in Queensland, Australia. Our objective was to find the best performing dressing, following on from previous trials designed to rationalise dressings for the burn wound itself.

Methods
All children for STSG, with thigh donor sites, were considered for enrolment in the trial. Primary outcome measures were days to re-epithelialisation, and pain. Secondary measures were cost, itch, and scarring at 3 and 6 months. Patients and parents were blinded to group assignment. Blinding of assessors was possible with the dressing in situ, with partial blinding following first dressing change. Blinded photographic assessments of re-epithelialisation were used. Scar assessment was blinded. Covariates for analysis were sex, age, and graft thickness (as measured from a central biopsy).

Results
There were 101 patients randomised to the Algisite™ M (33), Cuticerin™ (32), and Sorbact® (36) arms between April 2015 and July 2016. All were analysed for time to re-epithelialisation. Pain scores were not available for all time points in all patients. There were no significant differences between the three arms regarding pain, or time to re-epithelialisation. There were no significant differences for the secondary outcomes of itch, scarring, or cost. Regression analyses demonstrated faster re-epithelialisation in younger patients and decreased donor site scarring at 3 and 6 months with thinner STSG. There were no adverse effects noted.

Conclusions
There are no data supporting a preference for one trial dressing over the others, in donor site wounds (DSW) in children. Thinner skin grafts lead to less donor site scarring in children. Younger patients have faster donor site wound healing.

Trial registration
Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ACTRN12614000380695).
Royal Children’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/14/QRCH/36).
University of Queensland Medical Research Ethics Committee (#2014000447).
Development of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment of dietary intake among overweight and obese Saudi young children
Authors: Almajwal Ali , AL-zahrani Saeed , Abulmeaty Mahmoud , Alam Iftikhar , Razzak Suhail , Alqahtani Aayed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFood Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is an effective tool for nutritional status assessment. This study had two objectives: (1) to develop a FFQ for habitual dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and (2) to evaluate the reproducibility of this FFQ.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the Obesity Clinics at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A final sample of 236 children and adolescents (115/121: M/F; age 6–17 years) was used after they provided a written consent. Their anthropometrics were measured and they completed a a 3-day food record (3DFR) questionnaire. We constructed a comprehensive food list based on the most commonly reported food items and portion size reported in 3DFR. This food list was converted to FFQ format using the typically reported portions. FFQ was reduced and developed into final form. The newly developed 74-item FFQ was administered twice over a 4-week period. Reproducibility was explored by comparing the nutrients and food intakes of FFQ1 and FFQ2. All statistical analyses were done on SPSS (version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsThe newly developed FFQ had 74 food items distributed in 7 food groups. A satisfactory reproducibility of FFQ was achieved. The average correlation coefficients of nutrients and food groups were 0.46 and 0.49, respectively. The average % agreement of nutrients and food groups were 70.1 and 70.9%, respectively.ConclusionThe newly developed FFQ had 74 food items broadly categorized in 7 food groups and yielded satisfactory reproducibility. We conclude the newly developed FFQ may be a useful tool for further research for dietary assessment of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia.
Creating the Archive of African Women’s Writing
Authors: Busia Abena P. A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay is a reflection of the monumental Women Writing Africa project by one of the project’s three editors. Over the course of two decades, the project published four volumes documenting the history of literary expression by African women throughout the continent, including the stories of dispossession that mark the harrowing start of the slave routes. This intimate account engages with the context of feminist praxis on the continent and the politics of African feminist research and publishing. Women Writing Africa was a project of cultural renewal that restored African women’s voices to the African canon and redrew the map of African literature. In their work, the editors and contributors confronted the intractable reductiveness around images of Africa—even within feminist circles—and addressed what it means to be “African” in the contemporary world. The editors’ hope was to generate new readings of Africa’s history by shedding light on women’s writing and, in doing so, change assumptions of how knowledge is shaped.
Contested Encounters
Authors: Makana Selina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay reflects upon both the predicaments and the promises of feminist ethnography in contemporary Africa from the position of an African feminist researcher. Two key questions guide the analysis: What are productive ways to respond to feminist critiques of representing the African woman “other”? What are the promises, if any, of African feminist ethnography documenting the histories of women on the continent? This essay argues that African feminist ethnography is a productive methodology that helps to highlight knowledge production about women’s lives in their specific sociopolitical, ethnolinguistic, religious, and economic contexts. To highlight the significance and limits of reflexivity and the idiosyncrasies of ethnographic research, this essay calls for a different way of naming the encounters between researchers and their participants. It therefore proposes naming this energy the ebb and flow of fieldwork research because this metaphor helps to destabilize and move beyond the rigid binaries of insider/outsider that have traditionally characterized power relations in fieldwork.
Development of migrating tendon-bone attachments involves replacement of progenitor populations
Authors: Felsenthal Neta , Rubin Sarah , Stern Tomer , Krief Sharon , Pal Deepanwita , Pryce Brian A. , Schweitzer Ronen , Zelzer Elazar 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Tendon-bone attachment sites, called entheses, are essential for musculoskeletal function. They are formed embryonically by Sox9+ progenitors and continue to develop postnatally, utilizing Gli1 lineage cells. Despite their importance, we lack information on the transition from embryonic to mature enthesis and on the relation between Sox9+ progenitors and the Gli1 lineage. Here, by performing a series of lineage tracing experiments in mice, we identify the onset of Gli1 lineage contribution to different entheses. We show that Gli1 expression is regulated embryonically by SHH signaling, whereas postnatally it is maintained by IHH signaling. During bone elongation, some entheses migrate along the bone shaft, whereas others remain stationary. Interestingly, in stationary entheses Sox9+ cells differentiate into the Gli1 lineage, but in migrating entheses this lineage is replaced by Gli1 lineage. These Gli1+ progenitors are defined embryonically to occupy the different domains of the mature enthesis. Overall, these findings demonstrate a developmental strategy whereby one progenitor population establishes a simple embryonic tissue, whereas another population contributes to its maturation. Moreover, they suggest that different cell populations may be considered for cell-based therapy of enthesis injuries.
The use of outcome measures in equine rehabilitation
Authors: Tabor Gillian , Williams Jane 
Published: November 2018

Background: The ideal goal of equine rehabilitation following injury or surgery is to return the horse to a level of function that either meets or exceeds the previous performance level, and monitoring progress is important within rehabilitation. Outcome measures (OM) are used extensively in human practice and research, especially patient reported outcomes (PRO). PROs generally consist of a series of questions and observation of functional tasks, use of which may be challenging in equine practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of OMs by physiotherapists in equine musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Methods: A questionnaire was used to investigate how those involved with the treatment and training of horses measure progress and outcomes during rehabilitation. Results: 71 physiotherapists responded, comprising 51 chartered physiotherapists and 20 physiotherapists without prior human training, with an average of 9.25 years in equine practice; 82.2% reported OM use. When asked to define an OM, 72.5% of chartered physiotherapists and 40% of physiotherapists without prior human training, matched a pre-set definition correctly. The benefits of OM use were reported consistently as a method of objectively monitoring progress and used to adapt treatment plans. The barriers to OM use were lack of OM validation and reliability and time constraints. However, OMs were mainly subjective, such as visual assessment of lameness, palpation and muscle symmetry. Conclusion: In conclusion, confusion exists regarding what an OM is, and OM use is reported but often refers to subjective assessment method. A validated equine musculoskeletal rehabilitation score is required to support clinical practice.