bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning improves classification of preclinical models of pancreatic cancer with chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Goldenberg Joshua M. , Cárdenas‐Rodríguez Julio , Pagel Mark D. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeWe sought to assess whether machine learning‐based classification approaches can improve the classification of pancreatic tumor models relative to more simplistic analysis methods, using T1 relaxation, CEST, and DCE MRI.MethodsThe T1 relaxation time constants, % CEST at five saturation frequencies, and vascular permeability constants from DCE MRI were measured from Hs 766 T, MIA PaCa‐2, and SU.86.86 pancreatic tumor models. We used each of these measurements as predictors for machine learning classifier algorithms. We also used principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of entire CEST spectra and DCE signal evolutions, which were then analyzed using classification methods.ResultsThe T1 relaxation time constants, % CEST amplitudes at specific saturation frequencies, and the relative Ktrans and kep values from DCE MRI could not classify all three tumor types. However, the area under the curve from DCE signal evolutions could classify each tumor type. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the entire CEST spectrum and DCE signal evolutions, which predicted the correct tumor model with 87.5% and 85.1% accuracy, respectively.ConclusionsMachine learning applied to the entire CEST spectrum improved the classification of the three tumor models, relative to classifications that used % CEST values at single saturation frequencies. A similar improvement was not attained with machine learning applied to T1 relaxation times or DCE signal evolutions, relative to more simplistic analysis methods.
A qualitative investigation into the U.S. Department of Agriculture 18‐item Household Food Security Survey Module: Variations in interpretation, understanding and report by gender
Authors: Foster Jaime S. , Schwartz Marlene B. , Grenier Robin S. , Burke Michael P. , Taylor Emily A. , Mobley Amy R. 
Published: September 2018

Food insecurity, or limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways, affects more than 10% of Americans. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's 18‐item Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) is the most common measure used in the United States to assess food insecurity. This measure is to be completed by one adult who reports on the severity of disruptions in the quality and quantity of the household food supply. Recent work suggests that men and women might respond differently to some of the items in this measure. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to further explore how men and women interpret each of the items and specific concepts in this measure. Pairs (n = 25) of low‐income and food‐insecure mothers and fathers of children aged 2.5–10 years participated in one‐on‐one interviews to answer the HFSSM questions using the think‐aloud method. The data were analyzed using basic inductive qualitative methods, and the findings suggest that gender is related to interpretation of key concepts relevant to food insecurity including “household,” “balanced meal,” and “worry.” These findings have policy implications for the use of this measure as a national benchmark of food insecurity such as the potential need for an additional, complementary instrument to include several male reference questions with different terminology.
Covalent and electrostatic incorporation of amines into hypercrosslinked polymers for increased CO2 selectivity
Authors: Alahmed Ammar H. , Briggs Michael E. , Cooper Andrew I. , Adams Dave J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTwo methods of incorporating functional groups rich in nitrogen into low cost microporous hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) have been evaluated and the effects on the carbon dioxide CO2/N2 IAST selectivity were measured. Electrostatic incorporation of an ammonium salt into a sulfonic acid‐containing HCP polymer afforded a static CO2 uptake of 2.5 mmol g−1 with a CO2/N2 IAST selectivity of 42:1 at 1 bar and 298 K. Using column breakthrough measurements with a 15:85 CO2/N2 mixture at 298 K and 1 bar, a selectivity of 17:1 was obtained. However, varying the counterion resulted in polymers with lower CO2/N2 selectivity values. Decoration of the parent polymer with CO2‐philic imidazole followed by electrostatic ammonium salt incorporation blocked some of the micropores reducing the selectivity which re‐emphasizes the role and importance of pore width for CO2/N2 selectivity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2513–2521
Satellite‐Based Quantum Steering under the Influence of Spacetime Curvature of the Earth
Authors: Liu Tonghua , Jing Jiliang , Wang Jieci 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpacetime curvature of the Earth deforms wave packets of photons sent from the Earth to satellites, thus influencing the quantum state of light. We show that Gaussian steering of photon pairs, which are initially prepared in a two‐mode squeezed state, is affected by the curved spacetime background of the Earth. We demonstrate that quantum steerability of the state increases for a specific range of height h and then gradually approaches a finite value with further increasing height of the satellite's orbit. Comparing with the peak frequency parameter, the Gaussian steering changes more for different squeezing parameters, while the gravitational frequency effect leads to quantum steering asymmetry between the photon pairs. In addition, we find that the influence of spacetime curvature on the steering in the Kerr spacetime is very different from the non‐rotating case because special relativistic effects are involved.
Determination of silyl peroxides by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Krawczyk Tomasz , Zalewski Mariusz , Szołtysik Rafał , Korytkowska‐Wałach Anna 
Published: September 2018

RationaleResidual initiators in polymers are a concern in the case of products that come directly into contact with the human body or food. Due to low concentrations and difficulties in the sample preparation, highly sensitive and selective methods are required.MethodsA series of bis‐silyl‐ and alkyl‐silyl peroxides were analysed by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) on an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight (UPLC/TOF) instrument. Li, Na, K, and NH4 acetates were used to promote the formation of [M + Me]+ ions. The sample preparation involved only dissolution of the polymer sample in 0.1 mL of acetonitrile, followed by precipitation with 1 mL of water. A portion of 0.1–1 μL of the solution was then analysed without further treatment by UPLC/ESI‐MS.ResultsLimits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.06–9 pmol, depending on the peroxide structure. On average, the signal intensity increased with the number of phenyl groups in a peroxide and decreased in the order Na > Li > K > NH4. Peroxides that did not contain phenyl groups could not be detected. Collision‐induced dissociation experiments can be used for structural investigations of alkyl‐silyl peroxides. It was possible to detect 2 × 10−4% (LOD = 7 × 10−5%) of unreacted Ph3SiOOt‐Bu in the poly(methyl methacrylate) sample.ConclusionsThe method is suitable for the analysis of trace peroxide initiators in polymers and for other purposes where LODs in the pmol range are required.
Pyrrolo[1, 2‐a]quinoxaline‐Based Bipolar Host Materials for Efficient Red Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Patil Bhausaheb N. , Lade Jatin J. , Vadagaonkar Kamlesh S. , Chetti Prabhakar , Chaskar Atul C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNovel bipolar host materials 4CBZ‐PQ, 3CBZ‐PQ and TPA‐PQ based on carbazole, triphenylamine as electron donors and pyrrolo[1, 2‐a]quinoxaline as an electron acceptor unit has been synthesized and characterized. Their photophysical, thermal and electrochemical properties have also been investigated. These structures show suitable frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels and ensure good thermal and morphological stability. Amongst these bipolar host materials, 4CBZ‐PQ showed high Tg (155.7 oC) and Td (160.7 oC) as well as good triplet energy (ET) of 2.59 eV. Hence, phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) were fabricated containing 4CBZ‐PQ, 3CBZ‐PQ and TPA‐PQ as host materials. 4CBZ‐PQ showed best EL performance with a turn‐on voltage of 2.6 V, a maximum brightness of 100388 cd/m2, a maximum current efficiency of 18.1 cd/A1, a maximum power efficiency of 12.9 lm/W and an external quantum efficiency of 15.1%. The RBY (red, brown and yellow) three‐color PhOLED with 4CBZ‐PQ as the host material showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.1% for the red device, indicating its potential utility as a host material for highly efficient PhOLEDs.
Mechanism of Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Mineralization of Indigo Carmine Using ZnBi2O4‐Bi2S3 Composites
Authors: Thi Mai Tho Nguyen , The Huy Bui , Nha Khanh Dang Nguyen , Quoc Thang Nguyen , Thi Phuong Dieu Nguyen , Dai Duong Bui , Thi Kim Phuong Nguyen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNovel highly visible‐light active ZnBi2O4‐Bi2S3 photocatalysts with various weight percentages of Bi2S3 have been synthesized by a simple two‐step co‐precipitation and hydrothermal method. The efficacy of the as‐prepared ZnBi2O4‐Bi2S3 composites was evaluated for the degradation of Indigo carmine in aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. It was found that the as‐prepared ZnBi2O4‐Bi2S3 composites showed was greatly enhanced photocatalytic activities as compared to that of pristine ZnBi2O4 under visible light, which could be attributed to synergetic effects, charge transfer between ZnBi2O4 and Bi2S3, as well as the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electrons and holes. The superoxide anion radical was the major active species responsible for the photodegradation process, whereas the contributions of the photoinduced h+ and hydroxyl radicals were moderate and minor, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing ZnBi2O4‐Bi2S3 as potential heterogeneous photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
In Vivo Synthesis of Nanocomposites Using the Recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Jung Jae Hwan , Lee Sang Yup , Seo Tae Seok 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiogenic gold nanorod (AuNR)‐Ag core–shell nanocomposites (NCs) are synthesized by using recombinant Escherichia coli to demonstrate in vivo synthesis of biogenic NCs for the first time. The chemically synthesized AuNRs are internalized into the E. coli, and Ag ions are reduced and grown on the surface of the AuNRs with the assistance of metal‐binding proteins, producing biogenic core–shell AuNR‐Ag NCs. The core–shell structure of the biogenic AuNR‐Ag NC is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The biogenic AuNR‐Ag NCs exhibit good plasmonic effects. While the core–shell morphology of the AuNR and Ag NCs is due to the similar lattice of Au and Ag, the shape of the biogenic NCs composed of gold nanoparticles and Fe is aciniform, and that of Fe3O4 NPs and Au/Ag is a network structure, demonstrating the controllability of biogenic nanosynthesis using diverse metal combinations with different NC morphologies.
Self‐Templated Formation of Pt@ZIF‐8/SiO2 Composite with 3D‐Ordered Macropores and Size‐Selective Catalytic Properties
Authors: Tian Panliang , Shen Kui , Chen Junying , Fan Ting , Fang Ruiqi , Li Yingwei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and related derivatives have attracted significant research attention due to their potential applications in a variety of fields. However, it remains challenging to fabricate MOF‐based composites into multidimensional structures, especially to endow them with ordered structures. Here, a facile strategy is developed for the preparation of Pt@ zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)‐8/SiO2 composite with 3D‐ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure (denoted as 3DOM‐Pt@ZIF‐8/SiO2) by the in situ self‐templated transformation of Pt/ZnO/SiO2 composite with 3DOM structure (denoted as 3DOM‐Pt/ZnO/SiO2), which is prepared by a nanocasting method with face‐centered cubic (fcc) polystyrene spheres as the template. The sampling analysis at various crystallization times confirms the detailed dissolution–precipitation process from 3DOM‐Pt/ZnO/SiO2 to 3DOM‐Pt@ZIF‐8/SiO2, in which Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are fully encapsulated into the 3DOM framework of ZIF‐8/SiO2 by a continuous ZIF‐8 shell in the surface. Besides, it is found that choosing suitable volume ratio of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF):H2O and SiO2 content is crucial to induce the in situ nucleation and growth of continuous ZIF‐8 shell on the 3DOM structure and also to prevent the 3DOM structure from collapsing. Crucially, the obtained 3DOM‐Pt@ZIF‐8/SiO2 shows high size‐selective catalytic properties for the hydrogenation of n‐hexene and cis‐cyclooctene due to the molecular sieve effect of ZIF‐8 shell on the framework.
Ultrathin Nanobelts as an Excellent Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst: Insight into the Subtle Changes in Structure and Synergistic Effects of Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Li Qing , Yuan Xinya , Xu Yuxia , Zheng Mingbo , Pang Huan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn recent years, increasing attention has been paid to metal–organic frameworks by scientists working in the field of electrocatalytic material chemistry. Herein, using the hydrothermal method, ultrathin Ni/Co bimetallic metal–organic framework nanobelts that can be directly adopted as highly efficient electrocatalysts are prepared. The optimized Ni/Co ultrathin nanobelts can reach an onset potential of 0.939 V [these values are very close to those of Pt/C (0.940 V)] and show superior stability relative to that of Pt/C toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Additionally, under the current density of 10 mA cm−2, the Ni/Co ultrathin nanobelts show the potential of 1.478 V for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is much better than that of IrO2, indicating the large potential of the metal–organic frameworks as a bifunctional oxygen catalyst in metal–air batteries. In addition, after OER and ORR, the color of the Ni/Co ultrathin nanobelts sample is slightly lighter, and it can be seen that the channel becomes blurred but still exists. The X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results for Ni/Co ultrathin nanobelts before and after catalysis are basically identical. The findings suggest that the ultrathin belt‐like structure and the synergy effect between Ni and Co are crucial for tuning the electrocatalytic activity.
A redescription of Orovenator mayorum (Sauropsida, Diapsida) using high‐resolution μCT, and the consequences for early amniote phylogeny
Authors: Ford David P. , Benson Roger B. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe earliest known neodiapsid Orovenator mayorum from the lower Permian of Oklahoma is redescribed using high‐resolution μCT, revealing remarkable details of the skull anatomy. Our findings are relevant to both palaeoecology (suggesting burrowing and nocturnality) and phylogeny. Orovenator and other sauropsids share at least 16 character states with varanopids, many of which were not recognized by previous studies. These include a rounded subnarial shelf of the premaxilla, a posterodorsal extension of the external naris, the asymmetrical bifurcation of the anterior vomer, and a prominent dorsomedial shelf of the surangular. This exceptional degree of similarity between Orovenator and varanopids (a nominally synapsid clade) questions our current understanding of relationships among early amniotes. We test this by including Orovenator in a phylogenetic data matrix used in an earlier study to differentiate between early diapsids and synapsids, and find a monophyletic clade of Orovenator + varanopids within Diapsida. Recent phylogenetic research on early amniote evolution has focused on resolving intra‐clade affiliations rather than the interrelationships of major taxonomic groups. Nevertheless, the relative incompleteness of existing phylogenetic character lists for early amniotes can only be remedied by detailed cross‐clade assessment. We therefore suggest that early amniote relationships require further scrutiny before we can confidently accept or reject our new phylogenetic hypothesis.
Approaches for computing test‐case‐aware covering arrays
Authors: Koc Ugur , Yilmaz Cemal 
Published: September 2018

SummaryTest‐case‐aware covering arrays have been recently introduced to overcome the shortcomings of standard covering arrays, which prevent some combinations of option settings from being exercised in the presence of test‐case‐specific constraints. A number of proof‐of‐concept approaches for computing test‐case‐aware covering arrays have also been presented in the aforementioned work. The main concern in the development of these approaches was neither their efficiency nor their effectiveness, but their correctness. On the other hand, efficient and effective ways of computing test‐case‐aware covering arrays are of great practical importance. To improve the applicability of test‐case‐aware covering arrays in practice, this work presents a number of efficient and effective approaches for computing them. Furthermore, the proposed approaches are evaluated by conducting a set of experiments on widely‐used highly‐configurable software systems and comparing their efficiency and effectiveness to those of the existing approaches in various practical testing scenarios.
Selecting Texts for Disciplinary Literacy Instruction
Authors: Colwell Jamie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe author focuses on selecting texts for disciplinary literacy instruction in elementary grades. Disciplinary literacy instruction is a promising approach to engage students in socially and culturally relevant learning, and the selection of a variety of informational texts is important to planning this type of instruction. Currently, most resources on selecting socially and culturally relevant texts pertain to fiction texts in the discipline of English. Yet, informational texts are critical to learning in all disciplines and must be considered when planning for relevant literacy instruction. The Disciplinary Text Selection Table and examples of its use are presented as a resource for teachers to use in planning for disciplinary literacy in elementary grades.
Laboratory evolution and physiological analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains dependent on sucrose uptake via the Phaseolus vulgarisSuf1 transporter
Authors: Marques Wesley Leoricy , van der Woude Lara Ninon , Luttik Marijke A.H. , van den Broek Marcel , Nijenhuis Janine Margriet , Pronk Jack T. , van Maris Antonius J.A. , Mans Robert , Gombert Andreas K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKnowledge on the genetic factors important for the efficient expression of plant transporters in yeast is still very limited. Phaseolus vulgaris sucrose facilitator 1 (PvSuf1), a presumable uniporter, was an essential component in a previously published strategy aimed at increasing ATP yield in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, attempts to construct yeast strains in which sucrose metabolism was dependent on PvSUF1 led to slow sucrose uptake. Here, PvSUF1‐dependent S. cerevisiae strains were evolved for faster growth. Of five independently evolved strains, two showed an approximately twofold higher anaerobic growth rate on sucrose than the parental strain (μ = 0.19 h−1 and μ = 0.08 h−1, respectively). All five mutants displayed sucrose‐induced proton uptake (13–50 μmol H+ (g biomass)−1 min−1). Their ATP yield from sucrose dissimilation, as estimated from biomass yields in anaerobic chemostat cultures, was the same as that of a congenic strain expressing the native sucrose symporter Mal11p. Four out of six observed amino acid substitutions encoded by evolved PvSUF1 alleles removed or introduced a cysteine residue and may be involved in transporter folding and/or oligomerization. Expression of one of the evolved PvSUF1 alleles (PvSUF1I209F C265F G326C) in an unevolved strain enabled it to grow on sucrose at the same rate (0.19 h−1) as the corresponding evolved strain. This study shows how laboratory evolution may improve sucrose uptake in yeast via heterologous plant transporters, highlights the importance of cysteine residues for their efficient expression, and warrants reinvestigation of PvSuf1's transport mechanism.
A New Narrative for the Future: Learning, Social Cohesion and Redefining “Us”
Authors: Kyllönen Marjo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEducation has played an important role promoting well-being and the sustainable development of our society. But what will be the role and responsibility of education in a changing world? Is there a need for formal education or even a physical place called school in the future? Today, information is everywhere, accessible to everyone and anyone can modify it—you can learn new skills through the web and the need for formal education as it has been traditionally practiced has diminished. Schools are not isolated institutions; their future growth and prospect are strongly connected to societal development trends and to education policy. And at the same time, the school itself can bring about change and influence future development trends. Our actions for tomorrow are never objective and are affecting how the future society will be. This chapter analyses the forces affecting change in schools to understand how they are changing. Diversification of populations in schools is reviewed through the lens of Helsinki’s public schools to better understand issues of identity at the individual and communal level.
Climate Change Education: A New Approach for a World of Wicked Problems
Authors: Lehtonen Anna , Salonen Arto O. , Cantell Hannele 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman activity is the most important factor determining our future. The rapid growths of population and materialistic ways of living have given rise to what many geologists now call the era of the Anthropocene. We argue that in order to solve the wicked problems of the Anthropocene—such as climate change—we need education to be organized around sensing and actualizing the full potential of a human being. It is necessary to clarify the goal of education and the ideals of society toward that pursuit. Climate change education supports building societies that are characterized by flexible, creative, adaptable, well-informed and inventive sustainable well-being communities. In this article, we define the special aspects of climate change education and ask: how could we educate people for transformation toward a sustainable future? What kind of holistic change in thinking and action is needed for the construction of hope and of a sustainable future? What kind of pedagogical approaches can promote full humanness?
Sustainable Wellbeing Society—A Challenge for a Public Sector Institution
Authors: Salminen Jari 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyse some key value-loaded structural factors that influence the operational culture of basic education. These factors have to be recognised when aiming to develop school work and promote sustainable wellbeing society. The study of school history in the USA and Finland has long recognized certain permanent dilemmas affecting the development work of basic education. Visions of educational policy, new curriculum targets or technological applications relating to education cannot remove the tensions existing inside education, and people working on this kind of development are not always aware of the part it plays in the development work. This article deals with the tensions between different values that are produced by the educational institutions and the surrounding society, and that can be found in the educational rhetoric, in the curriculum and the instruction models and pedagogic practices of basic education.