bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic calorie‐dense diet drives differences in motivated food seeking between obesity‐prone and resistant mice
Authors: Inbar Dorrit , Gendelis Shani , Mesner Shanee , Menahem Shira , Kupchik Yonatan M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObesity results from overconsumption of energy, partly because of the inability to refrain from highly palatable rewarding foods. Even though palatable food is available to everyone, only a fraction of the population develops obesity. We previously showed that following chronic exposure to highly palatable food animals that gained the most weight also showed addictive‐like motivation to seek for palatable food. An important question remains—is this extreme, addictive‐like, motivation to consume palatable food the cause or the consequence of diet‐induced obesity? Here, we show that obesity‐prone (OP) mice exhibit higher motivation for palatable food consumption compared with obesity‐resistant mice even before developing obesity, but that the full manifestation of this high motivation to eat is expressed only after chronic exposure to high‐fat‐high‐sugar (HFHS) diet. HFHS diet also impairs performance in the operant food‐seeking task selectively in OP mice, an impairment that persists even after 2 weeks of abstinence from HFHS food. Overall, our data suggest that while some aspects of food motivation are high in OP mice already before developing obesity, the chronic exposure to HFHS food accentuates it and drives the development of obesity.
Outcomes of universal germline testing for men with prostate cancer in an Australian tertiary center
Authors: Crumbaker Megan , Wong Jean , Joshua Anthony M. , Spigelman Allan D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe role of germline testing in prostate cancer is evolving and knowledge of an individual's genetic profile may be used to guide not only an assessment of their familial risk but also have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Although international guidelines have incorporated recommendations for germline testing in prostate cancer, there is little Australian data to guide referrals. The aim of this study is to review the frequency of relevant pathogenic mutations in an Australian center, their associated clinical factors and clinical impact.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective review of men with prostate cancer that undertook prospective germline testing using a targeted next generation sequencing panel.ResultsResults for 100 men were analyzed. Median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range 43–84); 92% had metastatic disease at referral. A pathogenic mutation was confirmed in 9%, a likely pathogenic variant in 2% and a variant of uncertain significance in 15%. Age ≤60 years was associated with an increased risk for a pathogenic germline variant (P = 0.0096). Two of the nine (22%) with pathogenic variants went on to receive targeted treatment.ConclusionsIn this single center study, the incidence of germline mutations in genes associated with DNA‐repair was consistent with rates seen previously published international series of men with metastatic disease. A pathogenic variant was only seen in one patient >60 years of age and no man referred solely on the basis of age or high‐risk localized disease had a relevant finding.
Generalised eruptive histiocytosis: Case report
Authors: Costin Adelina , Cerejeira Diogo , Alves João 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeneralised eruptive histiocytosis is a self‐limited and benign non‐Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder, characterised by recurrent crops of symmetrically distributed skin to red to brown coloured papules on the trunk and proximal extremities. Clinical and pathological correlation is required to establish the diagnosis. We herein present the clinical and histological features of generalised eruptive histiocytosis in a 24‐year‐old female patient.
Development of rear‐impeller axial flow blood pump for realization of axial flow blood pump installed at aortic valve position
Authors: Okamoto Eiji , Yano Tetsuya , Inoue Yusuke , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Yambe Tomoyuki , Mitamura Yoshinori 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, rear‐impeller axial flow blood pumps (RIAFBP) were developed to realize a trans‐valve axial ventricular assist device (VAD) which consists of the latter blood pump and a polymer monomembrane aortic valve, such as the jellyfish valve. The motor of the RIAFBP is installed in the left ventricle, and its impeller is placed at the aortic valve position. In the prototype RIAFBP, the rotation of the motor is sustained by polyethylene bushings. The RIAFBP has a length of 50 mm and diameter of 19.6 mm. The miniature RIAFBP has the same construction as that of the prototype; however, it employs a ceramic bearing and fin bearing to improve endurance and to reduce blood stagnation. The miniature RIAFBP has a length of 63 mm and diameter of 12 mm. Both RIAFBPs were examined by an in vitro experiment using a 33% glycerin solution. The prototype RIAFBP achieved a maximum pump outflow of 8.5 L/min against a pump head of 100 mm Hg at a rotational speed of 12 000 rpm. The miniature RIAFBP achieved 7 L/min against a pump head of 70 mm Hg at a rotational speed of 21 600 rpm. In conclusion, the miniature RIAFBP has enough pump performance to realize the trans‐valve axial VAD.
Functional efficacy analysis ofAngelica gigasNakai on chicken myoblast cells through cell‐based in vitro assay
Authors: Lee Jeong Hyo , Park Jeong‐Woong , Seo Eun Sol , Kim Hoy‐Ung , Kim Seo Woo , Han Ji Seon , Jun Hyun Sik , Kim Sung‐Jo , Park Tae Sub , Park Byung‐Chul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe value‐added products in livestock industry is one of the key issues in order to maximize the revenue and to create a new business model. Numerous studies have suggested application of herbal plants as feed additives to increase health, productivity, and/or high‐quality product in livestock. In this study, the first experiment was designed to develop in vitro evaluation system by using primary chicken myoblast (pCM) cells isolated from pectoralis major of 10‐day‐old male embryos. Subsequently, to evaluate effects of Korean DangguiAngelica gigasNakai (AGN), we optimized the concentration of AGN root extract for treatment of primary pCM cells. After the treatment of AGN root extract, we compared proliferation and differentiation capacity, and also examined the gene expression. In the second experiment, the next generation sequencing analysis was performed to compare the different patterns of the global gene expression in pCM cells treated with AGN extract. Three up‐regulated (pancreas beta cells, fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis) and one down‐regulated (adipogenesis) gene sets were characterized suggesting that the AGN extract affected the metabolic pathways for the utilization of fat and glucose in chicken muscle cells. Furthermore, we validated the expression patterns of the up‐regulated genes (GCLC,PTPN6,ISL1,SLC25A13,TGFBI, andYWHAH) in the AGN‐treated pCM cells by quantitative RT‐PCR. These results demonstrated that the treatment of AGN extract decreased proliferation and differentiation of pCM cells, and affected the metabolic pathways of glucose and fatty acids. Moreover, AGN extract derived from byproducts such as stem and leaf also showed the reduced proliferation patterns on AGN‐treated pCM cells. Taken together, pCM cell‐based in vitro assay system could be primarily and efficiently applied for evaluating the biofunctional efficacy of various feed additive candidates.
Clinical features and prognosis of microscopic polyangiitis with usual interstitial pneumonia compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Wen , Dai Huaping , Liu Yan , Zhu Min , Bao Na , Ban Chengjun , Zhang Shu , Ren Yanhong , Ye Qiao , Wang Chen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary involvement in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is common, little is known about the clinical features of MPA with interstitial pneumonia (MPA‐IP).ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the prevalence of microscopic polyangiitis associated usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)(MPA‐UIP) and compare its clinical features and prognosis with those of MPA‐non‐UIP and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).MethodsA total of 73 patients with MPA‐IP were identified and divided into MPA‐UIP patients and MPA‐non‐UIP patients. The clinical characteristics and survival of MPA‐UIP patients were analysed and compared with those of MPA‐non‐UIP patients and 68 patients with IPF.ResultsThe results showed that 34/73 (47%) MPA‐IP patients were classified as MPA‐UIP patients. Compared with MPA‐non‐UIP patients, MPA‐UIP patients tend to have longer duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis and usually have pulmonary involvement as the initial presentation. However, they were less likely to have proteinuria and/or hematuria. Compared with IPF patients, MPA‐UIP patients usually had multisystem damage, positive anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and elevated levels of nonspecific inflammatory markers. MPA‐UIP death was concentrated mainly in the first 3 months after diagnosis and resulted in a higher early mortality compared with IPF.ConclusionUIP is the most frequent type of MPA‐IP. These patients tend to have longer duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis and usually have pulmonary involvement as the first presentation. However, they are less likely to have proteinuria and/or hematuria. MPA patients with UIP can be differentiated from IPF patients through comprehensive analysis of clinical and laboratory findings.
A Theory of Change to grow numbers of African rhino at a conservation site
Authors: Balfour Dave , Barichievy Chris , Gordon Chris , Brett Rob 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRhino horn is highly valued and this drives the illegal hunting of rhino. As a strategy to counter rhino losses incurred through poaching, managers of African protected areas face pressure to increase the number of rhino in their populations by promoting their growth. These efforts are commonly constrained by being balanced against other protected area objectives which seek to manage toward a “natural ecological state”. This is reflected in the draft continental rhino conservation plan as well as many national‐level rhino plans in Africa, but details on how this can be achieved at a site level are limited; indeed a framework for thinking about the problem is lacking. Here we develop a Theory of Change (ToC) which guides management interventions when seeking to grow rhino numbers at a conservation site. We identify four thematic areas for intervention namely; habitat management; range availability; containment and natural attrition; and rhino population management. As many protected areas are underfunded they seek to attract funding, but many donors are uncertain as to best practice and/or are hesitant to dictate how funds should be spent. This ToC can serve as a framework to guide funding. It can also guide policy in this regard.
Half century of protected area dynamism in the country of Gross National Happiness, Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Tshering , Linke Simon , Sheldon Fran 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBhutan is recognized for conservation success under its pro‐environmental development philosophy Gross National Happiness (GNH). However, an increase in area coverage alone cannot track the true contribution of protected areas (PAs) to biodiversity conservation. Capturing PA dynamism by tracking PADDD (PA downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement) and gain events can be used as a more comprehensive evaluation method. Based on existing data, we tracked gain events, enacted and proposed PADDD events, proximate causes of PADDD, and gain and PADDD events trends in Bhutan from 1966 to 2016. We also compared PADDD events recorded in www.PADDDtracker.org with the primary data sourced for our study. We discussed the findings in light of four tenets of GNH: good governance, sustainable socioeconomic development, preservation, and promotion of culture, and environmental conservation. We identified 81 gain and 29 PADDD events. All 12 proposed policy downgrading events in 2004 were proximally caused by infrastructure development, while all degazettement (n = 6) in 1993 and all downsizing events (two in 1984 and one in 1993) were proximally caused by conservation planning. Overall the gain and PADDD events were episodic but policy downgrading events occurred only from 2002. Based on our country data, we recorded 4.8 times more PADDD events than was recorded in www.PADDDtracker.org where even some degazetted PAs were not recorded. All gain events and even PADDD events, excluding one enacted and 12 proposed policy downgrading events caused by hydropower projects were aimed to improve conservation thus aligning with tenets of GNH. However, as hydropower is the specific cause for all proposed PADDD, Bhutan should be concerned about PADDD. Our findings provide further evidence for the dynamic nature of PAs, the widespread nature of PADDD and difficulty in detecting it. Furthermore, they also suggest the need to conduct archival case studies to better detect PADDD and PA dynamism.
Coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with cardiac time intervals in women with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease: An iPOWER substudy
Authors: Pena Adam , Michelsen Marie Mide , Mygind Naja Dam , Gustafsson Ida , Høst Nis , Bech Jan , Kastrup Jens , Hansen Henrik Steen , Hansen Peter Riis , Prescott Eva 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) may cause angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and increases the risk of future adverse cardiovascular events. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) with pharmacological stress can assess coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), a measure of coronary microvascular function. However, simpler methods would be preferable for diagnosing CMD. Therefore, we examined the relationship between CFVR and cardiac time intervals measured by TTDE in a cohort of women with angina and no obstructive CAD.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, we included 389 women with angina, left ventricular ejection fraction > 45%, and no obstructive CAD. CMD was defined as CFVR < 2.0. The study population was divided into three groups according to cutoff values of CFVR < 2, 2 ≤ CFVR ≤ 2.5, and CFVR > 2.5. Isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), ejection time (ET), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) were measured by tissue Doppler M‐mode, and the myocardial performance index (MPI = (IVCT + IVRT)/ET) was calculated.ResultsCoronary microvascular dysfunction was associated with increasing age, hypertension, higher resting heart rate, and lower diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, CMD was associated with higher E/e′ ratio (P = 0.002) and longer IVCT (P < 0.001), higher MPI (P < 0.001) and shorter ET (P = 0.002), but not with IVRT or conventional measures of left ventricular geometry, mass, and function. In multivariable analysis, longer IVCT (P < 0.001) and higher MPI (P = 0.002) remained associated with CMD.ConclusionIn women with angina and no obstructive CAD, CMD is associated with longer IVCT and higher MPI indicating a link between CMD and subtle alternations of systolic and combined measures of cardiac time intervals.
Look at me when I'm talking to you: Selective attention at a multisensory cocktail party can be decoded using stimulus reconstruction and alpha power modulations
Authors: O'Sullivan Aisling E. , Lim Chantelle Y. , Lalor Edmund C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent work using electroencephalography has applied stimulus reconstruction techniques to identify the attended speaker in a cocktail party environment. The success of these approaches has been primarily based on the ability to detect cortical tracking of the acoustic envelope at the scalp level. However, most studies have ignored the effects of visual input, which is almost always present in naturalistic scenarios. In this study, we investigated the effects of visual input on envelope‐based cocktail party decoding in two multisensory cocktail party situations: (a) Congruent AV—facing the attended speaker while ignoring another speaker represented by the audio‐only stream and (b) Incongruent AV (eavesdropping)—attending the audio‐only speaker while looking at the unattended speaker. We trained and tested decoders for each condition separately and found that we can successfully decode attention to congruent audiovisual speech and can also decode attention when listeners were eavesdropping, i.e., looking at the face of the unattended talker. In addition to this, we found alpha power to be a reliable measure of attention to the visual speech. Using parieto‐occipital alpha power, we found that we can distinguish whether subjects are attending or ignoring the speaker's face. Considering the practical applications of these methods, we demonstrate that with only six near‐ear electrodes we can successfully determine the attended speech. This work extends the current framework for decoding attention to speech to more naturalistic scenarios, and in doing so provides additional neural measures which may be incorporated to improve decoding accuracy.
Lesslie Newbigin and Edinburgh’s Common Call
Authors: Robinson Eric 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn a world where pluralism is the norm, interfaith encounter and dialogue are essential parts of the Christian experience. Lesslie Newbigin reflected extensively on a theological understanding of the Christian encounter with those of other faiths, emphasizing the importance of both a humble orientation toward God and others and a firm commitment to the uniqueness of Jesus Christ. This juxtaposition of humble witness and firm faith in interfaith encounter is also reflected in the Edinburgh 2010 mission conference’s Common Call. This article will explore Newbigin’s reflections on interfaith dialogue and consider their implications for the future of the ecumenical movement.
What Is Transforming Discipleship?
Authors: Ghazaryan Drissi Ani 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 2018, the Conference on World Mission and Evangelism of the World Council of Churches took place in Arusha, Tanzania, on the theme “Moving in the Spirit: Called to Transforming Discipleship.” This article considers how this injunction corresponds to the biblical call, namely to love God more than anyone else; to deny ourselves and to take up the cross; and to abandon all that we have. How well does The Arusha Call to Discipleship describe the ambitious demand of discipleship to which the apostles were called by Jesus Christ? This article offers a critical biblical assessment of the qualities a disciple should have; who can be a disciple; the conditions and requirements of being a disciple according to the gospel; and the path of transforming discipleship in the challenging world in which we live today.
Physical and Mental Health and Functioning Among Traumatic Brain Injury Close Relatives: The Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Tsur Noga , Haller Chiara S. 
Published: April 2019

Severe Traumatic brain injury (sTBI) often instigates widespread long‐lasting disability and is accompanied by extensive rehabilitation. Unsurprisingly, sTBI also holds malignant consequences for patients’ close relatives. The burden caused by the injury and its severity explains some of the ramifications for the relatives. Additionally, some findings demonstrate that patients with sTBI and their relatives develop posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. However, although the link between PTS symptoms and physical and mental health is well‐documented in literature, the effect of PTS symptoms on relatives of patients with sTBI has barely been examined. This study examines the influence of PTS symptoms of patients with sTBI and their relatives on the physical and mental health and functioning of the relatives. Patients who sustained a severe sTBI (Abbreviated Injury Scale of the head region > 3) and close relatives were included in a multi‐center, prospective cohort study (TRAST‐MI). One‐hundred patients and their relatives were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 months post injury. Outcome variables included health‐related quality of life (SF‐12) as well as emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, and total functioning (PCRS). Relatives’ physical health was predicted by relatives’ PTS symptoms (Slope=−1.76; p = .043), and mental health was predicted by both patients’ (Slope=−2.77; p = .034) and relatives’ (Slope=−6.59; p < .001) PTS symptoms. Functioning level was only predicted by patients’ PTS symptoms (Slope=−.25; p<.001). The findings emphasize that TBI should be considered a comprehensive traumatic experience reaching further than mere physical damage to the brain and its direct consequences, affecting the injured individual and close relatives.
Endothelium‐dependent and endothelium‐independent effects of 1‐nitro‐2‐propylbenzene on rat aorta
Authors: Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro , Ribeiro‐Filho Helder Veras , Carvalho Emanuella Feitosa , Brito Teresinha Silva , Lahlou Saad , Magalhães Pedro Jorge Caldas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA group of nitro compounds contains a benzene ring in a short aliphatic chain with the NO2 group, property that supposedly favors its vasodilator profile. In this study, we evaluated in isolated rat aorta the effects of 1‐nitro‐2‐propylbenzene (NPB), a nitro compound containing the NO2 in the aromatic ring. In aorta precontracted with KCl, NPB (1‐3000 μm) induced full endothelium‐independent relaxation. In endothelium‐intact preparations, phenylephrine‐induced contractions were fully relaxed by NPB, effect unaltered by N(ω)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) or 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ). In the concentration range of 30–300 μm, NPB slightly but significantly potentiated the phenylephrine‐induced contraction. Such potentiation was unaltered by the thromboxane‐prostanoid receptor antagonist seratrodast, but was abolished by endothelium removal or by preincubation of endothelium‐intact preparations with L‐NAME, ODQ or by ruthenium red and HC‐030031, blockers of subtype 1 of ankyrin transient receptor potential (TRPA1) channels. Verapamil exacerbated the potentiating effect of NPB. The potentiating effect was undetectable in preparations precontracted by 9,11‐dideoxy‐11α,9α‐epoxymethanoprostaglandin F2α (U‐46619). Relaxation was reduced by ruthenium red while it was enhanced by HC‐030031. In conclusion, NPB has vasodilator properties but with a mechanism of action distinct from its analogues. Contrary to other nitro compounds, its relaxing effects did not involve recruitment of the guanylyl cyclase pathway. NPB has also endothelium‐dependent potentiating properties on phenylephrine‐induced contractions, a phenomenon that putatively required a role of endothelial TRPA1 channels. The present findings reinforce the notion that the functional group NO2 in the aliphatic chain of these nitro compounds determines favorably their vasodilator properties.