bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct CVD Growth of Graphene on Traditional Glass: Methods and Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Zhaolong , Qi Yue , Chen Xudong , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChemical vapor deposition (CVD) on catalytic metal surfaces is considered to be the most effective way to obtain large‐area, high‐quality graphene films. For practical applications, a transfer process from metal catalysts to target substrates (e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), glass, and SiO2/Si) is unavoidable and severely degrades the quality of graphene. In particular, the direct growth of graphene on glass can avoid the tedious transfer process and endow traditional glass with prominent electrical and thermal conductivities. Such a combination of graphene and glass creates a new type of glass, the so‐called “super graphene glass,” which has attracted great interest from the viewpoints of both fundamental research and daily‐life applications. In the last few years, great progress has been achieved in pursuit of this goal. Here, these growth methods as well as the specific growth mechanisms of graphene on glass surfaces are summarized. The typical techniques developed include direct thermal CVD growth, molten‐bed CVD growth, metal‐catalyst‐assisted growth, and plasma‐enhanced growth. Emphasis is placed on the strategy of growth corresponding to the different natures of glass substrates. A comprehensive understanding of graphene growth on nonmetal glass substrates and the latest status of “super graphene glass” production are provided.
Organic Photovoltaics with Multiple Donor–Acceptor Pairs
Authors: Lee Jungho , Lee Sang Myeon , Chen Shanshan , Kumari Tanya , Kang So‐Huei , Cho Yongjoon , Yang Changduk 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCompared with conventional organic solar cells (OSCs) based on single donor–acceptor pairs, terpolymer‐ and ternary‐based OSCs featuring multiple donor–acceptor pairs are promising strategies for enhancing the performance while maintaining an easy and simple synthetic process. Using multiple donor–acceptor pairs in the active layer, the key photovoltaic parameters (i.e., short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, and fill factor) governing the OSC characteristics can be simultaneously or individually improved by positive changes in light‐harvesting ability, molecular energy levels, and blend morphology. Here, these three major contributions are discussed with the aim of offering in‐depth insights in combined terpolymers and ternary systems. Recent exemplary cases of OSCs with multiple donor–acceptor pairs are summarized and more advanced research and perspectives for further developments in this field are highlighted.
Enzyme‐Instructed Supramolecular Self‐Assembly with Anticancer Activity
Authors: Yao Qingxin , Huang Zhentao , Liu Dongdong , Chen Jiali , Gao Yuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCancer remains one of the leading causes of death, which has continuously stimulated the development of numerous functional biomaterials with anticancer activities. Herein is reviewed one recent trend of biomaterials focusing on the advances in enzyme‐instructed supramolecular self‐assembly (EISA) with anticancer activity. EISA relies on enzymatic transformations to convert designed small‐molecular precursors into corresponding amphiphilic residues that can form assemblies in living systems. EISA has shown some advantages in controlling cell fate from three aspects. 1) Based on the abnormal activity of specific enzymes, EISA can differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. In contrast to the classical ligand–receptor recognition, the targeting capability of EISA relies on dynamic control of the self‐assembly process. 2) The interactions between EISA and cellular components directly disrupt cellular processes or pathways, resulting in cell death phenotypes. 3) EISA spatiotemporally controls the distribution of therapeutic agents, which boosts drug delivery efficiency. Therefore, with regard to the development of EISA, the aim is to provide a perspective on the future directions of research into EISA as anticancer theranostics.
Low‐Temperature De‐NOx Extruded Monolithic Catalysts Based on Highly Dispersive Mn–Ce Oxide Nanoparticles of Low Ce Content
Authors: Ye Bora , Jeong Bora , Lee Minwoo , Kim Hong‐Dae , Baik Jeong Min 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA facile strategy to produce low‐temperature De‐NOx extruded monolithic catalysts based on the highly dispersive Mn–Ce oxide nanoparticles of low Ce content is described. The design of the materials is based on dual supports composed of reduced graphene oxide and TiO2, which is made by Mn–Ce oxide nanoparticles well separated on the supports without any agglomeration. Compared to the catalysts with only TiO2 support, the specific surface area of the catalysts is significantly increased by 2.8 times. The temperature‐programmed desorption analysis of NH3 shows that the number of Lewis acid sites increases; thus, the binding strength of the NH3 at the surface of the oxides is also increased. Through the temperature‐programmed reduction of the H2, the rate of the reduction reaction also increases. Thus, the efficiency of the overall De‐NOx reaction increases to 90% with a lower Ce content of 40% at 250 °C and shows good stability at a high temperature of 300 °C. By using the above‐mentioned catalysts, a honeycomb‐type extruded monolithic product with De‐NOx efficiency higher than 90% in the temperature range between 200 and 300 °C is made without any additional binders. This indicates a good formability, enough for the fabrication of the commercialized products.
Stress‐Induced Domain Wall Motion in FeCo‐Based Magnetic Microwires for Realization of Energy Harvesting
Authors: Bhatti Sabpreet , Ma Chuang , Liu Xiaoxi , Piramanayagam S. N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnergy harvesting is getting significant interest due to the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). As IoT devices are required to generate power on their own, several researchers are studying ferroelectric materials for voltage generation. However, ferroelectric materials suffer from high resistance at low frequencies, which reduces the output power. Domain wall propagation in ferromagnetic materials, as induced by stress and a pickup voltage using coils, is investigated as an alternate form of energy harvesting. Such studies, which are reported in multiferroic structures, feature a voltage applied to induce the stress, which defeats the purpose of self‐power generation. Here, power generation from mechanical vibrations in purely ferromagnetic structures is shown. These results are achieved by showing that the domain walls can be moved entirely by stress in a trilayer stack of ferromagnetic microwires. The use of flexible substrates with low Young's modulus and a trilayer magnetic stack enables the achievement of significant magnetization rotation or domain wall motion even from ambient vibrations. Here, the rotation of magnetization or domain wall motion is exploited to induce voltages in the pickup coils. The results shown here provide an alternative way to power IoT devices.
Facile Cleavage of the P=P Double Bond in Vinyl‐Substituted Diphosphenes
Authors: Liu Liu Leo , Cao Levy L. , Zhou Jiliang , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe reactions of the cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC)1with phosphaalkynes generate the kinetically unstable CAAC‐derived phosphirenes4and5, which undergo rearrangement/dimerization reactions to give the vinyl‐substituted diphosphenes2,3, and6. The P=P double bond scission of2or3is unprecedentedly effected by S8, [AuCl(tht)], or MeOTf at room temperature, which affords a dithiophosphorane7, a phosphepine Au complex8, or phosphepinium cations9and10, respectively. The cationic species feature little homoaromaticity while representing the first examples of the phosphorus‐containing analogue of the tropylium ion.
Direct Electron Transfer of Enzymes Facilitated by Cytochromes
Authors: Ma Su , Ludwig Roland 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe direct electron transfer (DET) of enzymes has been utilized to develop biosensors and enzymatic biofuel cells on micro‐ and nanostructured electrodes. Whereas some enzymes exhibit direct electron transfer between their active‐site cofactor and an electrode, other oxidoreductases depend on acquired cytochrome domains or cytochrome subunits as built‐in redox mediators. The physiological function of these cytochromes is to transfer electrons between the active‐site cofactor and a redox partner protein. The exchange of the natural electron acceptor/donor by an electrode has been demonstrated for several cytochrome carrying oxidoreductases. These multi‐cofactor enzymes have been applied in third generation biosensors to detect glucose, lactate, and other analytes. This review investigates and classifies oxidoreductases with a cytochrome domain, enzyme complexes with a cytochrome subunit, and covers designed cytochrome fusion enzymes. The structurally and electrochemically best characterized proponents from each enzyme class carrying a cytochrome, that is, flavoenzymes, quinoenzymes, molybdenum‐cofactor enzymes, iron‐sulfur cluster enzymes, and multi‐haem enzymes, are featured, and their biochemical, kinetic, and electrochemical properties are compared. The cytochromes molecular and functional properties as well as their contribution to the interdomain electron transfer (IET, between active‐site and cytochrome) and DET (between cytochrome and electrode) with regard to the achieved current density is discussed. Protein design strategies for cytochrome‐fused enzymes are reviewed and the limiting factors as well as strategies to overcome them are outlined.
Na2FePO4F Fluorophosphate as Positive Insertion Material for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sharma Lalit , Nakamoto Kosuke , Sakamoto Ryo , Okada Shigeto , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExploring stable and economic cathodes for aqueous sodium‐ion batteries, we have investigated iron‐based fluorophosphate (Na2FePO4F) as a compound for applications in aqueous battery systems. Solution combustion synthesized Na2FePO4F is found to act as an efficient cathode for aqueous Na‐ion batteries delivering a reversible capacity over 85 mAh g−1 (at a rate of 1 mA cm−2) with excellent rate kinetics. Further, this layered Na2FePO4F has been successfully implemented to design a full aqueous cell with NASICON‐type NaTi2(PO4)3 as anode, delivering a reversible capacity of 90 mAh g−1. In conclusion, Na2FePO4F is proposed as a potential cathode material for aqueous Na‐ion batteries.
Zinc‐Mediated Intermolecular Reductive Radical Fluoroalkylsulfination of Unsaturated Carbon–Carbon Bonds with Fluoroalkyl Bromides and Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Liu Yongan , Lin Qiongzhen , Xiao Zhiwei , Zheng Changge , Guo Yong , Chen Qing‐Yun , Liu Chao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA versatile and general zinc‐mediated intermolecular reductive radical fluoroalkylsulfination of unsaturated C−C bonds has been developed using readily available fluoroalkyl bromides and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct (DABSO) with wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Sulfur dioxide anion radical generated in situ from the reduction of sulfur dioxide with zinc may be involved in the reaction mechanism.
Alterations in cortical and thalamic connections of somatosensory cortex following early loss of vision
Authors: Dooley James C. , Krubitzer Leah A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarly loss of vision produces dramatic changes in the functional organization and connectivity of the neocortex in cortical areas that normally process visual inputs, such as the primary and second visual area. This loss also results in alterations in the size, functional organization, and neural response properties of the primary somatosensory area, S1. However, the anatomical substrate for these functional changes in S1 has never been described. In the present investigation, we quantified the cortical and subcortical connections of S1 in animals that were bilaterally enucleated very early in development, prior to the formation of retino‐geniculate and thalamocortical pathways. We found that S1 receives dense inputs from novel cortical fields, and that the density of existing cortical and thalamocortical connections was altered. Our results demonstrate that sensory systems develop in tandem and that alterations in sensory input in one system can affect the connections and organization of other sensory systems. Thus, therapeutic intervention following early loss of vision should focus not only on restoring vision, but also on augmenting the natural plasticity of the spared systems.
Fe3O4/Fe3C@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Mincong , Guo Xuhong , Hu Libing , Yuan Huifang , Wang Gang , Dai Bin , Zhang Lili , Yu Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts play a key role in energy conversion and storage devices. The preparation of iron‐based carbon materials as non‐precious metal catalysts with a simple and scalable method still presents significant challenges. In this work, partially oxidized Fe embedded in Fe3C nanoparticles encased in nitrogen‐doped carbon shells (Fe3O4/Fe3C@NC) were prepared by directly pyrolyzing a mixture of Prussian blue (PB) and chitosan using a facile one‐step carbon‐bath route. The long‐term stability and methanol tolerance of the optimal catalyst were good and superior to those of commercial Pt/C (20 wt%). More importantly, the catalyst showed stronger ORR activities than Pt/C. We conclude that the high ORR activity of Fe3O4/Fe3C@NC catalysts should be attributed to the synergetic effect between Fe3C nanoparticles wrapped in carbon shells, which improves the activity of ORR and Fe3O4 nanoparticles neighbouring Fe‐Nx and significantly increases the number of active sites on the catalysts. Therefore, we believe that the one‐step carbon‐bath method provided in this work to synthesize highly active Fe‐based carbon materials as ORR catalysts is expected to be widely used in practical applications.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Water‐Mediated Cholesterol Capture within an Open‐Ended Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Gade Hrushikesh M. , Wanjari Piyush P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe excess concentration of cholesterol in the bloodstream can be brought down to a safer level by utilizing a potential cholesterol‐binding agent such as a carbon nanotube (CNT). Here, we have probed solvent‐mediated interactions between cholesterol and CNT by performing molecular dynamics simulations and potential‐of‐mean force (PMF) calculations. Simulations predict favorable interactions between water‐mediated cholesterol and CNT owing to strong mutual interactions between them, whereas water plays an opposing role in the association. The breakdown of PMF into its enthalpic and entropic contributions indicates that contrary to traditional entropy‐driven hydrophobic association, the cholesterol encapsulation within a CNT is primarily driven by enthalpy.
Does the ‘equal management of equal risks’ model cause overtreatment in patients with positive cervical cytology results for ASCUS/non‐HPV16/18 oncogenic types?
Authors: Karaca İbrahim , Öztürk Mustafa , Comba Cihan , Demirayak Gökhan , Erdoğan Şakir Vokan , Hoşgören Murat , Özdemir İsa Aykut 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesAccording to the American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP), cervical cytology patients who test positive for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and the human papilloma virus (HPV) positive are recommended to undergo colposcopies. This study compared the colposcopic biopsy evaluation results of patients with positive cervical cytology results for ASCUS and HPV with regards to their HPV genotypes.MethodsThis study included 179 patients who underwent cervical cancer screening tests between June 2015 and June 2017 and whose results displayed positive cervical cervical cytology results for ASCUS and HPV. Cytological samples were classified using the Bethesda system in liquid‐based specimens. The Hybrid Capture II system was used to define the HPV‐DNA. Colposcopic diagnoses and biopsy results were compared in terms of the outcomes of the Pap test and HPV genotypes.ResultsThere were 107 ASCUS/HPV16/18‐positive patients. Of the HPV 16/18 positive patients; 28 (26.1%) patients were detected with CIN1, 8 (7.5%) patients were detected with CIN2, 6 (6%) patients were detected with CIN3, and 1 (0.9%) patient was detected with cervical cancer. Of the 72 non‐HPV 16‐18 positive patients; 8 (11%) patients were detected with CIN1 and 2 (2.7%) patients were detected with CIN2.ConclusionThis study believes that the ASCCP recommendations, which state that a ‘colposcopy should be performed on all women with positive cytology for ASCUS/non‐HPV16/18 oncogenic types’, is required to be revised. This will reduce the rate of the colposcopy procedures by 40% in women with ASCUS/HPV positivity.
Interaction between microglia and retinal pigment epithelial cells determines the integrity of outer blood‐retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Jo Dong Hyun , Yun Jang‐Hyuk , Cho Chang Sik , Kim Jin Hyoung , Kim Jeong Hun , Cho Chung‐Hyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInner and outer blood‐retinal barriers (BRBs), mainly composed of retinal endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, respectively, maintain the integrity of the retinal tissues. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the outer BRB disruption regarding the interaction between RPE and microglia. In mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemia, microglia accumulated on the RPE layer, as in those after intravitreal injection of interleukin (IL)‐6, which is elevated in ocular fluids of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Although IL‐6 did not directly affect the levels of zonula occludens (ZO)‐1 and occludin in RPE cells, IL‐6 increased VEGFA mRNA in RPE cells to recruit microglial cells. In microglial cells, IL‐6 upregulated the mRNA levels of MCP1, MIP1A, and MIP1B, to amplify the recruitment of microglial cells. In this manner, IL‐6 modulated RPE and microglial cells to attract microglial cells on RPE cells. Furthermore, IL‐6‐treated microglial cells produced and secreted tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, which activated NF‐κB and decreased the levels of ZO‐1 in RPE cells. As STAT3 inhibition reversed the effects of IL‐6‐treated microglial cells on the RPE monolayer in vitro, it reduced the recruitment of microglial cells and the production of TNF‐α in RPE tissues in streptozotocin‐treated mice. Taken together, IL‐6‐treated RPE and microglial cells amplified the recruitment of microglial cells and IL‐6‐treated microglial cells produced TNF‐α to disrupt the outer BRB in diabetic retinopathy.
The influence of the Community‐based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) program on community health sustainability in the Upper West Region of Ghana
Authors: Woods Hannah , Haruna Umar , Konkor Irenius , Luginaah Isaac 
Published: November 2018

SummaryGhana introduced Community‐based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) to improve primary health care in rural areas. The extension of health care services to rural areas has the potential to increase sustainability of community health. Drawing on the capitals framework, this study aims to understand the contribution of CHPS to the sustainability of community health in the Upper West Region of Ghana—the poorest region in the country. We conducted in‐depth interviews with community members (n = 25), key informant interviews with health officials (n = 8), and focus group discussions (n = 12: made up of six to eight participants per group) in six communities from two districts. Findings show that through their mandate of primary health care provision, CHPS contributed directly to improvement in community health (eg, access to family planning services) and indirectly through strengthening social, human, and economic capital and thereby improving social cohesion, awareness of health care needs, and willingness to take action at the community level. Despite the current contributions of CHPS in improving the sustainability of community health, there are several challenges, based on which we recommend, that government should increase staffing and infrastructure in order to strengthen and maintain the functionality of CHPS.
Translocation and activation of sphingosine kinase 1 by ceramide‐1‐phosphate
Authors: Nishino Shohei , Yamashita Hisahiro , Tamori Mizuki , Mashimo Masato , Yamagata Kazuyuki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Murayama Toshihiko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSphingosine kinases (SphKs) and ceramide kinase (CerK) phosphorylate sphingosine to sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) and ceramide to ceramide‐1‐phosphate (C1P), respectively. S1P and C1P are bioactive lipids that regulate cell fate/function and human health/diseases. The translocation and activity of SphK1 are regulated by its phosphorylation of Ser
225 and by anionic lipids such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine. However, the roles of another anionic lipid C1P on SphK1 functions have not yet been elucidated, thus, we here investigated the regulation of SphK1 by CerK/C1P. C1P concentration dependently bound with and activated recombinant human SphK1. The inhibition of CerK reduced the phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐induced translocation of SphK1 to the plasma membrane (PM) and activation of the enzyme in membrane fractions of cells. A treatment with C1P translocated wild‐type SphK1, but not the SphK1‐S225A mutant, to the PM without affecting phosphorylation signaling. A cationic RxRH sequence is proposed to be a C1P‐binding motif in α‐type cytosolic phospholipase A
2 and tumor necrosis factor α‐converting enzyme. The mutation of four cationic amino acids to Ala in the 56‐RRNHAR‐61 domain in SphK1 reduced the phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐ and C1P‐induced translocation of SphK1 to the PM, however, the capacity of C1P to bind with and activate SphK1 was not affected by this mutation. In conclusion, C1P modulates SphK1 functions by interacting with multiple sites in SphK1.
Knockdown of TMPRSS3 inhibits cell proliferation, migration/invasion and induces apoptosis of glioma cells
Authors: Huo Jun‐Feng , Chen Xiao‐Bing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransmembrane protease serine 3 (TMPRSS3) is a member of type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSP) family, which play important roles in the development and progression of various cancers. However, the role of TMPRSS3 in glioma remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the expression patterns of TMPRSS3 in clinical tumor samples and glioma cell lines. The results showed that TMPRSS3 was highly expressed in both human glioma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of TMPRSS3 in glioma cells by transfection with small interfering RNA targeting TMPRSS3 (si‐TMPRSS3) significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration/invasion. Moreover, knockdown of TMPRSS3 markedly elevated the apoptotic rate of glioma cells. Si‐TMPRSS3 transfection also resulted in a remarkable increase in bax expression and a notable decrease in bcl‐2 expression in glioma cells. Furthermore, TMPRSS3 knockdown markedly suppressed the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1. The results indicated that knockdown of TMPRSS3 exhibited antiglioma effect, which is associated with the inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway. These findings suggested that TMPRSS3 might be used as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.