bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinas en la Provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Caracterización e impactos por la expansión urbana = Salt Flats in Santa Elena’s province, Ecuador. Characterization and impacts of urban expansion
Authors: Henríquez Tigrero Yadira 
Published: May 2019

ResumenLa extracción de la sal en la puntilla se ha venido desarrollando desde 1763, y ha sido un motor económico y medio para proveer de recursos a familias que artesanalmente se dedicaban a ella. Las salinas de la Provincia de Santa Elena conforman un ecosistema en el que convivencomunidades vegetales y especies endémicas y constituyen uno de los paisajes naturales más singulares de la provincia.En la actualidad el paisaje salinero se ha visto reducido en las últimas décadas por la expansión urbana y la carencia de políticas de estado que contemplen su conservación. El presente trabajo de investigación muestra el análisis de la situación de las salinas marinas, emplazadas en la costa de la ciudad de Salinas, centrándose en los cambios que han presentadoen los últimos años, debido a los procesos de urbanización. Desde una perspectiva histórica y etnográfica se describe el funcionamiento y métodos de extracción de la sal; para la identificación y clasificación de las salinas tanto industriales como artesanales. El estudio comprende lavariación en la extensión de las salinas, y si son contempladas en las estrategias de protección frente al crecimiento urbano en los instrumentos normativos municipales.AbstractSalt extraction in The Salinas has been developing since 1763 and has been an economic and an engine to provide resources to families who were handcrafted engaged in it. The Salina’s municipality make up an ecosystem in which plant communities and endemic species coexist andconstitute one of the most unique provinces’s natural landscapes.Today the salt landscape has been reduced in recent decades by urban expansion and the lack of State Policies that contemplate its conservation. This research paper shows the analysis of the the salt marshes’s situation, located on the coast of the city of Salinas, focusing on the changes theyhave presented in recent years, due to urbanization processes. From a historical and ethnographic perspective, the operation and methods of salt extraction are described, for the identification and classification of both industrial and handcrafted salt flats. The study comprises the variation in the extension of the Salinas, and if they are contemplated in the strategies of protection against the urban growth in the normative instruments of the municipality.Salinas as a city its contemplating the implementation of strategies for protection of these ecosystems against the urban growth in the normative instruments of the municipality.
A Coupled Transient Wellbore/Reservoir-Temperature Analytical Model
Authors: Galvao M. S. , Carvalho M. S. , Barreto A. B. 
Published: May 2019

Summary
This work presents a new coupled transient wellbore/reservoir thermal analytical model, consisting of a combined reservoir/casing/tubing system. The analytical model considers flow of a slightly compressible, single–phase fluid in a homogeneous infinite–acting reservoir system and provides temperature–transient data for drawdown and buildup tests at any gauge location along the wellbore. The model accounts for Joule–Thomson (J–T), adiabatic–fluid–expansion, conduction, and convection effects. The wellbore–fluid mass density is modeled as a function of temperature, and the analytical solution makes use of the Laplace transformation to solve the transient heat–flow differential equation, accounting for a transient wellbore–temperature gradient ∂T/∂z. The solutions presented assume moderate– to high–permeability reservoirs and do not consider skin effects in the formation. Results of the analytical model are compared with those of a commercial thermal simulator and with those of available models in the literature. Our model provides more accurate transient–temperature–flow profiles along the wellbore in comparison with previous analytical models in the literature. Furthermore, a generalization of a well–known parameter–estimation method from transient–temperature data is provided.
The Effect of Resin-Coated Proppant and Proppant Production on Convergent-Flow Skin in Horizontal Wells With Transverse Fractures
Authors: Shaoul Josef R. , Park Jason , Langford Marc 
Published: May 2019

Summary
In the last decade, many gas reservoirs with permeabilities from 0.1 to 10 md have been developed with horizontal wells with transverse fractures. The potential negative effect of convergent flow in the fractures seems to have been forgotten. The widespread use of resin-coated proppant (RCP) in offshore wells appears to make this problem worse. Using both case studies and reservoir simulations, we examine why RCP could make the problem of convergent flow worse compared with uncoated proppant.
Several North Sea horizontal and deviated multifracture gas wells that used RCP and had a significant mechanical skin are presented. Pressure-buildup data confirm the presence of a near-wellbore pressure drop in the fractures. Reservoir simulation with a fine grid reproduces the observed pressure drop because of convergent flow, using realistic proppant-pack permeabilities with gel damage.
The effect of proppant production on the convergent-flow skin is shown using production data before and after discrete proppant-production events, demonstrating how proppant production has a beneficial effect on removing convergent-flow skin. We also compare the performance of a new horizontal multifracture well to the original discovery well in the same location, in which a vertical well was fracture stimulated with uncoated proppant and had comparable productivity.
If there is a large convergent-flow skin in a fracture with uncoated proppant, this usually leads to some proppant production, which could create “infinite conductivity” channels at the perforations. This removes the convergent-flow pressure drop. If RCP is used to prevent proppant flowback, such channels cannot form easily, and convergent flow acts as a downhole “choke” on production. This “choke” can produce a significant positive skin. In the worst case, a horizontal multifracture well with three or four transverse fractures can produce the same as a fully perforated vertical well with a single fracture.
On the basis of a number of real-world incidents of proppant production during post-fracture cleanup, we show strong evidence that a small amount of proppant production can result in an increase in well productivity index (PI) and a decrease in apparent fracture skin. Convergent flow is the most likely mechanism to explain this. In this paper we highlight the potential reduction in well productivity from using RCP for fracturing in gas wells (0.1 to 10 md) with limited inflow area (transverse or oblique fractures), where convergent-flow pressure loss is significant. We show the potential positive effect of small amounts of proppant production in such cases, forming infinite-conductivity channels and removing the convergent-flow skin.
Sanjin Tablets for Acute Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection (Syndrome of Dampness-Heat in the Lower Jiao): Protocol for Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Control of Positive Drug, Multicentre Clinical Trial
Authors: Lv Jian , Xie Yan-ming , Gao Zhan , Shen Jian-wu , Deng Yue-yi , Xiang Song-tao , Gao Wen-xi , Zeng Wen-tong , Zhang Chun-he , Yi Dan-hui , Wang Lian-xin , Wang Zhi-fei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections. Patients usually present with dysuria, urinary urgency, urinary frequency and suprapubic pain or tenderness. Approximately 150 million people are diagnosed with UTI each year worldwide. The high recurrence rate of lower UTI is a common problem of clinical treatment. The misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of a number of resistant bacterial strains. Thus, traditional Chinese medicine is considered as an alternative option for treating acute uncomplicated lower UTI. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety and recurrence rate of Sanjin tablets (SJT) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI; explore whether SJT can reduce or substitute the use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI.
Methods/Design
In this study, a randomized, double blind, double dummy, parallel control of positive drug, multicentre clinical study will be established. A total of 252 patients with acute uncomplicated lower UTI (syndrome of dampness-heat in the lower jiao) will be randomly allocated in the ratio of 1:1:1 to three groups: experimental group, control group 1 and control group 2. The experimental group receives Sanjin tablets plus levofloxacin tablets (LT) placebo; the control group 1 receives LT plus SJT placebo; and the control group 2 receives SJT plus LT on the first 5 days, SJT plus LT placebo on the last 2 days. Each group will be treated for 7 days and followed-up for 1-2 times. The primary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are symptoms. Secondary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are the urine leukocyte, bacteriology examination and safety assessment. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after treatment.
Discussion
This study protocol will provide the research data of efficacy, safety and recurrence rate of SJT for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI; explore the possibility of using SJT to reduce or substitute the use of antibiotics. The results of this study will improve the rational use of drugs, especially the rational application of antibiotics. It will also enable safety evaluation from laboratory indices and adverse events, which will provide reliable evidence for clinical treatment.
The Eagle Jugular Syndrome
Authors: Zamboni Paolo , Scerrati Alba , Menegatti Erica , Galeotti Roberto , Lapparelli Marcello , Traina Luca , Tessari Mirko , Ciorba Andrea , De Bonis Pasquale , Pelucchi Stefano 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

The elongation of the styloid process is historically associated with two variants of the Eagle syndrome. The classic one, mainly characterized by pain and dysphagia, and the carotid variant characterized by pain and sometimes by cerebral ischemia. We observed a further variant characterized by a styloid elongation coursing adjacent to the transverse process of C1, causing significant compression of the internal jugular vein.

Methods

We revised all the cases of Eagle syndrome, including the jugular variant, admitted in our Hospital in the last six years.

We compared symptomatology, associated comorbidities and imaging. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results

Overall 23 patients were admitted to the Hospital for symptomatic elongation of the styloid process, 11 male and 12 females. The jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome is clinically delineated by significant differences, as compared to the classic variant and carotid variants. Headache was the more prominent symptom (p<.009) as well as a documented peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage was the more significant comorbidity (p<.0003). The group classic-carotid variant was characterized by ipsilateral pain respect to the jugular variant (p<.0003). CT angiography with venous phase extended to the neck veins and imaging reconstruction is highly recommended as imaging technique, complemented by color-Doppler ultrasound.

Conclusions

The elongation of the styloid process may have different paths which creates compression on the surrounding anatomical structures. There may be a possible association of jugular impingement by an elongated styloid process with symptoms.
Stroke severity predicts transportation time and time until recanalization therapy in acute strokes
Authors: Mausbach Stefan , Jünemann Martin , Braun Tobias , Misselwitz Björn , Kaps Manfred , Stein Marco 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Ischemic stroke has rising prevalence in aging populations. Treatment depends on quick symptom recognition, transport to a hospital with a dedicated stroke care, imaging, and initiation of treatment, if indicated. The aim of this study is to show that transport, imaging, and treatment times depend on the severeness of the stroke, with more severe strokes being favored.

Methods

Statistical analysis was performed with data from a registry for quality assurance in stroke care in Hesse, Germany. Data was analyzed regarding ICD-10, and patients with I63 were further investigated. Patients with NIHSS ≥ 4 were included and subdivided into 4 ≤ NIHSS ≤ 11 (moderate stroke) and NIHSS ≥ 12 (severe stroke). Transport to hospital, time to image, and time to treatment were analyzed.

Results

Patients with severe strokes reach the hospital faster and in higher numbers in comparison to moderate strokes. If appropriate therapy is applied, in-hospital treatment regarding imaging is similar in both groups. Thrombolysis or endovascular treatment is initiated faster for severe strokes.

Conclusion

More public awareness of strokes is needed, specifically for moderate strokes to reach faster transport times to hospital as well as modern treatment options up to 24 hours for eligible patients. Individual standards need to be applied in each stroke treating hospital to guarantee the same fast treatment times for moderate and severe strokes.
Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Norovirus in Children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017
Authors: Lu Lijuan , Zhong Huaqing , Xu Menghua , Su Liyun , Cao Lingfeng , Jia Ran , Xu Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Noroviruses are considered the important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups especially in children under five years. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outpatient children from Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China.

Methods

A total of 1433 stool specimens were collected from children under ﬁve years with acute gastroenteritis between January 2012 and December 2017. All the samples were analyzed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II targeting both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used for genotyping strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0.

Results

During 2012 to 2017, NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with high detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746) and in September (27.7%, 33/119). Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominating RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017 while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). The most prevalent NoVs genotype was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220) during 2012 to 2017 among the capsid genotypes. According to genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant RdRp and capsid genotypes, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, GII.P16/GII.2. GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 was completely instead of the pandemic of GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b since 2013 and distributed across all age groups in children.

Conclusions

The present study shows high detection rates and genetic diversity of circulating NoVs genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoVs strains.
Evaluation of the Sources of Stress in Dominican Dental Students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aragoneses Juan Manuel , Algar Juan , Suarez Ana , Brugal VA , Fernández-Domínguez M , Pérez R 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

The dentistry practice has long been considered a highly stressful health-science profession. Stress in dental students has been addressed by a number of international studies, but it has never been studied specifically in students in the Dominican Republic. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the sources of stress in Dominican dental students so as to establish a link between said stressors, and school term and sex.

Methods

For measurement purposes, a survey (our modified Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire) was conducted on 103 dental students pursuing clinical practica. We analyzed our data using a one-way ANOVA, t-test, factor analysis and VARIMAX.

Results

All dental students in their final six terms of school suffered stress, with the 12th term ranking highest. The sources of stress differed among students in varying terms. Exams, fear of failing, interaction with teaching staff, as well as responsibilities associated with patient care, obtained the most points. Women obtained greater scores in certain items when compared to the academic factor.

Conclusions

The various sources of stress act independently in dental students, with those with greater values being exams, fear of failing subjects, different assessment criteria among teaching staff, responsibilities associated with patient care, fear of failing a term and job prospects. Women demonstrated a more acute response to stress with regards to the academic factor, end of university studies and self-esteem.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNA profiles in syphilitic patients with serofast status
Authors: Jia Xinmiao , Liu Xiaoke , Wang Zhongshuai , Zheng Heyi , Li Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with Treponema pallidum, which can invade various system organs, leading to clinical manifestations such as neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, and cardiovascular syphilis and seriously endangering human health. Serofast status is a common outcome after syphilis treatment that presents an important clinical problem. At present, the etiology of serofast status remains unknown.

Methods

A systematic investigation of the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with serofast status or secondary syphilis and of healthy control subjects was conducted using small RNA-seq. The expression of miRNAs was further confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays.

Results

The data reveal a specific miRNA expression profile that was displayed in cells from patients with serofast status. Known and novel predicted (np)-miRNAs were also identified and verified, such as miR-338-5p, np-miR-163, np-miR-128, np-miR-244, and np-miR-5, which together may be used as indicators for treatment evaluation. The functions of genes targeted by the miRNAs differentially expressed in serofast status patients were further analyzed; these genes were found to be involved in various biological functions, such as T-cell receptor signaling pathways, metabolism, and growth. Our study presents the first systematic landscape of miRNAs in PBMCs from patients with serofast status and proposes specific miRNAs linked with serofast status that merit further investigation as potential biomarkers.

Conclusion

Our results provide further evidence that serofast status is closely related to host immune function. Additionally, the miRNA expression profile in PBMCs of patients with serofast status generated by this work offers insight into the complex immune network in humans. We hope our results can inspire the development of new treatment options for patients with serofast status.
Some New Results on Soft n-T4 Spaces
Authors: GÖÇÜR Orhan 
Published: May 2019

Göçür and Kopuzlu showed that any soft T₄ space, may not be a soft T₂ space (also may not be a soft T₃ space). In this case, they described a new soft separation axiom which is called soft n-T₄ space. Then they indicated that any soft n-T₄ space is soft T₃ space also (Göçür and Kopuzlu, 2015b). In the present paper we showed that if (X,τ,E) is a soft n-T₄ space, topological space (X,τ_e ) is a T₄ space for all e∈ E. Then we indicated that any Soft Metric space is also soft n-T₄ space. Consequently, we indicated that any Soft Metric space ⟹ Soft n-T_4 space ⟹ Soft T_3 space ⟹ Soft T_2 space ⟹ soft T_1 space ⟹ soft T_0 space also.
3-Boyutlu Minkowski Uzayında Timelike Binormalli Spacelike Eğrinin Tabii Liftini Asimptotik Kabul Eden Yüzey Ailesi
Authors: ERGÜN Evren , BAYRAM Ergin 
Published: May 2019

timelike binormalli spacelike bir
eğri, ise nın tabii lifti olsun. Bu
çalışmada, 3 boyutlu Minkowski uzayında yi ortak asimptotik eğri kabul
eden yüzey ailesi elde edildi. nin oluşturulan yüzeyler üzerinde
asimptotik eğri olması için gerekli şartlar bulundu. Bazı örnekler verildi.
MiR-137 Restricts the Viability and Migration of HTR-8/SVneo Cells by Downregulating FNDC5 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Peng Hai-Yan , Li Ming-Qing , Li Hua-Ping 
Published: May 2019

Background:
An increasing number of studies have described the
pathological changes of placenta tissues in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),
although the underlying mechanisms involved in this process remain uncertain. The aim
of the present study was to verify the possible role of microRNA-137 (miR)-137 and
FNDC5 in regulating the biological function of trophoblasts in high glucose (HG)
conditions during the GDM period.

Methods:
Expression levels of miR-137 and FNDC5 were measured in placenta
specimens, the HG-treated trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo and miR-137-
overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells using reverse transcription quantitative-PCR or
western blotting. The viability of HTR-8/SVneo cells was tested using a Cell Counting kit-
8 (CCK8) assay, with cell migration assessed using scratch and transwell assays.

Results:
It was observed that the expression levels of miR-137 were increased and the
expression levels of FNDC5 were decreased in the placenta tissues of women with
severe GDM and in HG-exposed HTR-8/SVneo cells. In addition, upregulating miR-137
in HTR-8/SVneo cells downregulated the expression levels of FNDC5. The viability and
migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells were suppressed by increased miR-137 expression
levels, and upregulating FNDC5 in miR-137-overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells resulted
in the reversal of all these effects.

Conclusion:
The data from the present study suggest that miR-137 suppresses the
viability and migration of trophoblasts via downregulating FNDC5 in GDM, which may
contribute to the pathology of placenta tissues and occurrence of adverse pregnancy
outcomes.