bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis CHOLINE/ETHANOLAMINE KINASE 1 (CEK1) is a primary choline kinase localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and involved in ER stress tolerance
Authors: Lin Ying‐Chen , Kanehara Kazue , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Choline kinase catalyzes the initial reaction step of choline metabolism that produces phosphocholine, a prerequisite for the biosynthesis of a primary phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. However, the primary choline kinase and its role in plant growth remained elusive in seed plants.

Here, we showed that Arabidopsis CHOLINE/ETHANOLAMINE KINASE 1 (CEK1) encodes functional CEK that prefers choline than ethanolamine as a substrate in vitro and affects contents of choline and phosphocholine but not phosphatidylcholine in vivo.

CEK1 is localized at endoplasmic reticulum (ER); upon tunicamycin‐induced ER stress, a null mutant of CEK1 showed hypersensitive phenotype in seedlings, albeit with no enhanced choline kinase activity.

Our results demonstrate that CEK1 is a primary ER‐localized choline kinase in vivo that is required for ER stress tolerance possibly through the modulation of choline metabolites.
Pediatric airway dimensions—A summary and presentation of existing data
Authors: Dave Mital H. , Kemper Michael , Schmidt Alexander R. , Both Christian P. , Weiss Markus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related pediatric airway dimension reference values for cricoid, tracheal, and bronchial diameters as well as tracheal and bronchial lengths are essential for distinguishing normal from pathological airway findings and for manufacturing and selecting appropriately sized airway equipment.AimThe aim of this work was to summarize and present existing pediatric airway dimension data for the larynx, trachea, and main stem bronchi from fetus to adolescence.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Publications containing original data on pediatric airway dimensions as mean or median in tabular form and spanning narrow age groups of 1 or 2 years were included in our study. Original data such as diameters, lengths, and cross‐sectional areas of trachea, cricoid, left and right main bronchi in fetuses and children were collected and presented as figures.ResultsPediatric airway dimension data were gathered and compiled from 15 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from different measurement methods such as autopsy, chest X‐ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, rigid and flexible bronchoscopy as well as ultrasound examinations. There was considerable variation among age‐related data due to biologic heterogeneity, different presentation of data, different definitions, and various measurement techniques.ConclusionThis investigation revealed heterogeneous data on pediatric airway dimensions, making it impossible to compile them into standard reference values for airway dimensions. New studies with structured and standardized measurements and data presentation in large populations of children are required to provide more valid pediatric airway dimension data.
Cold stress activates disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through a salicylic acid dependent pathway
Authors: Wu Zhenjiang , Han Shiming , Zhou Hedan , Tuang Za Khai , Wang Yizhong , Jin Ye , Shi Huazhong , Yang Wannian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExposure to short‐term cold stress influences disease resistance by mechanisms that remain poorly characterized. The molecular basis of cold‐activated immunity was therefore investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated with the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, using a transcriptomic analysis. Exposure to cold stress for 10 hr was sufficient to activate immunity, as well as H2O2 accumulation and callose deposition. Transcriptome changes induced by the 10‐hr cold treatment were similar to those caused by pathogen infection, including increased expression of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway marker genes, PR2 and PR5, and genes playing positive roles in defence against (hemi)‐biotrophs. In contrast, transcripts encoding jasmonic acid (JA) pathway markers such as PR4 and MYC2 and transcripts with positive roles in defence against necrotrophs were less abundant following the 10‐hr cold treatment. Cold‐activated immunity was dependent on SA, being partially dependent on NPR1 and ICS1/SID2. In addition, transcripts encoding SA biosynthesis enzymes such as ICS2, PAL1, PAL2, and PAL4 (but not ICS1/SID2) and MES9 were more abundant, whereas GH3.5/WES1 and SOT12 transcripts that encode components involved in SA modification were less abundant following cold stress treatment. These findings show that cold stress cross‐activates innate immune responses via a SA‐dependent pathway.
Perceptual learning induces active suppression of physically nonsalient shapes
Authors: Hu Liping , Ding Yulong , Qu Zhe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVisual attention can be attracted by salient‐but‐irrelevant features, a phenomenon called attentional capture. Accompanying attentional capture, a top‐down inhibitory mechanism is usually enacted to suppress the attentional shift. Our recent study showed that a physically nonsalient shape, which may be considered as a conjunction of basic features within the form domain, can also provoke a robust capture of attention as a consequence of perceptual learning, supporting an important role of prior experience in attentional deployment. It remains unclear, however, whether prior experience can also induce attentional suppression to conjunctions of features. Here, we examine whether and in which condition the brain would initiate an active suppression process to a physically nonsalient shape which has acquired an ability to capture attention after perceptual learning. We show that detectability of a shape after perceptual learning may be a key factor determining whether the shape would be actively suppressed or not. After extensive training as a target in visual search, a physically nonsalient shape could elicit an N2pc component when it was a distractor in a visual search task or a peripheral irrelevant stimulus in a central focused attention task, indicating a capture of attention induced by perceptual learning. Following the N2pc component, a Pd component would be elicited by the trained shape only if its detectability is relatively high. These findings suggest that an active suppression process could be applied not only to salient features but also to physically nonsalient shapes. A physically nonsalient shape could improve its salience through perceptual learning and would be actively suppressed when its learned salience reaches a certain level.
The effect of bpV(HOpic) on in vitro activation of primordial follicles in cultured swine ovarian cortical strips
Authors: Raffel Nathalie , Klemm Katrin , Dittrich Ralf , Hoffmann Inge , Söder Stefan , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lotz Laura 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe vanadate‐derivative dipotassium bisperoxo (5‐hydroxy‐pyridine‐2‐carboxylic) oxovanadate (V) (bpV(HOpic)), a pharmacological inhibitor of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), has been used in ovarian follicle culture systems for activation of follicular growth in vitro and suggested to be responsible for primordial follicle survival through indirect Akt activation. For pig ovarian tissue, it is still not clear which culture medium needs to be used, as well as which factors and hormones could influence follicular development; this also applies to bpV(HOpic) exposure. Therefore, ovarian cortical strips from pigs were cultured in 1 µM bpV(HOpic) (N = 24) or control medium (N = 24) for 48 hr. Media were then replaced with control medium and all tissue pieces incubated for additional 4 days. The strips were embedded in paraffin for histological determination of follicle proportions at the end of the culture period and compared to histological sections from tissue pieces without cultivation, which had been embedded right after preparation; comparison of healthy follicles for each developmental stage was performed to quantify follicle survival and activation. After 6‐day culture, follicle activation occurred in tissue samples from both cultured groups but significantly more follicles showed progression of follicular development in the presence of 1 µM bpV(HOpic). The amount of non‐vital follicles was not significantly increased during cultivation. BpV(HOpic) affects pig ovarian follicle development by promoting the initiation of follicle growth and development, similar as in rodent species and humans.
Attachment and behavioral addictions in adolescents: The mediating and moderating role of coping strategies
Authors: Estevez Ana , Jauregui Paula , Lopez‐Gonzalez Hibai 
Published: May 2019

Gambling, video gaming, and Internet use are typically included as everyday activities that could potentially become behavioral addictions. There is growing evidence that views non‐substance related addictions as coping mechanisms, and considers that attachment styles are likely to play a pivotal role on the development of such addictions, especially on young people. Therefore, the present study aimed to: (1) explore the association between attachment, coping, and behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling disorder, video game addiction, and problematic Internet use); and (2) to analyze the mediating/moderating effect that coping has in the relationship of attachment and these behavioral addictions. A sample consisting of 472 students from secondary education (Mean age = 15.6; SD = 1.33; 51.6% females) was recruited. The findings showed a negative association between attachment and behavioral addictions. Most coping strategies were found to be associated with attachment styles, except for self‐critique and emotional avoidance. In particular, problem avoidance was significantly correlated to all behavioral addictions. In addition, self‐blame and problem solving were significantly correlated to video game addiction and problematic Internet use. Finally, coping was found to act as a mediator and moderator between attachment and video game addiction and problematic Internet use.
No Name: The Allosemy View
Authors: Saab Andrés , Lo Guercio Nicolás 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccording to certain versions of predicativism, names denote metalinguistic predicates of a certain type, e.g. the namePerónas it occurs in the sentencePerón died in 1974denotes a predicate more or less paraphrasable as “being called Perón” (Burge 1973, Matushansky 2008 and Fara 2011, among others). The metalinguistic theory of names is claimed to be superior in nontrivial ways to direct reference theories, according to which names contribute an individual without the mediation of descriptions (Kripke 1980). The alleged triumph of predicativism is that by assuming the “being called N” property as basic, both referential and non‐referential uses of proper names can be given a uniform semantic analysis. By contrast, the referentialist needs to resort to homonymy or semantic ambiguity. In addition, there are some systematic connections between referential and predicative uses of names that at first glance also seem to favor predicativism. The goal of this paper is to present an alternative syntax, semantics and pragmatics of proper names. We assume that grammatical categories and the associated meanings that they are supposed to encode are not grammatical primitives, but epiphenomena that result from the particular way in which syntax combines functional material and lexical Roots. Before syntax, lexical Roots have no detectable meanings. On this account, there are no names before syntax, as there are no nouns, verbs or adjectives. Names are thus seen as the result of a particular syntactic configuration whose semantic realization is that of contributing an individual. Metalinguistic uses of names, and other derived uses, are involved in a different syntactic scheme, one that makes a name Root a predicate of a certain type. Besides their different syntactic basis, we argue that metalinguistic inferences in both referential and predicative uses of names have a pragmatic source. According to the theory we propose, then, the so‐called Being Called Condition is neither a syntactic nor a semantic primitive. Under this conception of proper names the uniformity argument does not hold and the adduced linguistic evidence cannot lead to any (meta‐)semantic consideration.
Characteristics of whole blood donors in a hospital‐based blood bank in Nigeria: a one‐year review
Authors: Fasola Foluke Atinuke , Olaniyi John Ayodele , Irabor Achiaka , Alonge Temitope , Amaunam Stella 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectivesIn order to meet the WHO standard set for blood transfusion needs in any country per year and to improve the extremely low average annual blood donation rate in Nigeria, a clear understanding of the characteristics of blood donors is fundamental, hence this study.Materials and MethodThe study was a prospective descriptive analysis of data on prospective whole blood donors prior to blood donation in the blood bank of a tertiary hospital. Data were obtained from the 2017 annual report of the Total Quality Management Department of the hospital. The blood donor characteristics available were age, sex, marital status, number of previous donations and eligibility status.ResultThere were 7527 whole blood donors, of which 2022 were return blood donors with an average of one donation per year and 3·2 previous donations. Family replacement donors constituted 83% while voluntary donors accounted for 16·6%. The mean age of the donors was 33·7 ± 9·0 years (age ranged 16–68 years). The highest donors (37%) belong to the age group 25 to 34 years while the age group <25 years constituted 18·7%. The age group <25 years had one of the highest eligibility rates, and being single was significantly associated with eligibility to donate.ConclusionThe blood donors aged <25 years with one of the highest eligibility rates were under‐represented and should be targeted by donor organizers, as they are candidate for long donor career. Suggestions were made on how to motivate replacement donors to become voluntary donors.
A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of a single‐use negative pressure wound therapy system, compared to traditional negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of chronic ulcers of the lower extremities
Authors: Kirsner Robert , Dove Cyaandi , Reyzelman Alex , Vayser Dean , Jaimes Henry 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMulticenter, phase‐4, randomized, comparative‐efficacy study in patients with VLUs or DFUs comparing for noninferiority the percentage change in target ulcer dimensions (area, depth, and volume) a single‐use negative pressure wound therapy (s‐NPWT) system versus traditional NPWT (t‐NPWT) over a 12‐week treatment period or up to confirmed healing. Baseline values were taken at the randomization visit. Randomized by wound type and size, 164 patients with non‐infected DFUs and VLUs were included. The ITT population was composed of 161 patients (101 with VLUs, 60 with DFUs) and 115 patients completed follow‐up (64 in the s‐NPWT group and 51 in the t‐NPWT group) (PP population). The average age for all patients was 61.5 years, 36.6% were women, and treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. Primary endpoint analyses on wound area reduction demonstrated statistically significant reduction in favor of s‐NPWT (p = 0.003) for the PP population and for the ITT population (p < 0.001). Changes in wound depth (p = 0.018) and volume (p = 0.013) were also better with s‐NPWT. Faster wound closure was observed with s‐NPWT (Cox Proportional Hazards ratio (0.493 (0.273, 0.891); p = 0.019) in the ITT population. Wound closure occurred in 45% of patients in the s‐NPWT group vs. 22.2% of patients in the t‐NPWT group (p = 0.002). Median estimate of the time to wound closure was 77 days for s‐NPWT. No estimate could be provided for t‐NPWT due to the low number of patients achieving wound closure. Device‐related AEs were more frequent in the t‐NPWT group (41 AEs from 29 patients) than in the s‐NPWT group (16 AEs from 12 patients). The s‐NPWT system met noninferiority and achieved statistical superiority vs. t‐NPWT in terms of wound progression toward healing over the treatment period. When NPWT is being considered for the management of challenging VLUs and DFUs, s‐NPWT should be considered a first choice over other types of NPWT.
Asthma self-management in children: a best practice implementation project
Authors: He Yingxia , Stephenson Matthew , Gu Ying , Hu Xiaojing , Zhang Mingzhi , Jin Jie 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Asthma is one of the most common diseases in children. A self-management program can effectively improve the outcomes for children with asthma and reduce the burden on healthcare services.

Objectives:
The aim of this project was to integrate the best evidence on asthma self-management with practice in a children's respiratory clinic and to improve compliance with best practice.

Methods:
Seven audit criteria were developed for the pre- and post-audit based on the best available evidence. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit and feedback tools were used in this project.

Results:
The baseline audit showed a gap between clinical practice and the best evidence. The only criterion that achieved high compliance was provision of inhaler guidance (100%). After implementation, there were substantial improvements in compliance for many criteria. Training of clinicians increased from 13% at baseline to 67% at follow-up. Education of parents improved, with specific education about asthma triggers increasing from 55% to 100%, education about warning signs from 30% to 85% and education about effective asthma treatment options from 40% to 85%. Use of written asthma action plans increased from 0% to 25%.

Conclusion:
Strategies developed in this project were effective at providing necessary information for parents and improved the compliance with evidence. Further implementation strategies and audits are still needed to improve the use of asthma action plans and ensure they are reviewed periodically.
Clinical nursing handovers for continuity of safe patient care in adult surgical wards: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Wong Xiaoling , Tung Yi Jung , Peck Sin Yee , Goh Mien Li 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objective of this evidence-based quality improvement project was to improve clinical nursing handovers between registered nurses.Introduction:Clinical nursing handovers transfer critical information about the patient's care to oncoming shift nurses. Nurses use structured handover tools to handover patient information. In three adult surgical wards of a Singapore tertiary hospital, a lack of consistency was found in the local handover process when shifts changed. These resulted in ineffective handovers and compromised the patient's safety. Thus, evidence-based interventions were needed so that patient handovers and continuity in safe patient care could improve.Methods:This project was implemented in three phases from January 2017 to November 2017 at three adult surgical wards of a tertiary hospital, utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) module. The pre- and post-implementation audits were conducted using JBI PACES audit criteria. An evidence-based four-pronged approach was employed, including adequate human resource coverage during handovers, a structured and standardized handover, visual cues and a teaching video.Results:The results of the post-implementation audit of nurses performing handovers (n = 33) showed that handovers using standardized documentation improved from 0% to 21.0% (p = 0.005), which was statistically significant. However, handovers of detailed observations of patients improved from 72.7% to 87.9% (p = 0.215) and handovers of relevant history of patients improved slightly from 93.9% to 97.0% (p = 1.000) but was not statistically significant. Medication error incidents related to handovers was reduced by 72% over a six-month period.Conclusion:The multi-modal approach improved the comprehensiveness and completeness of clinical nursing handovers. These strategies had a significant effect on reducing medication errors related to handovers.
Shift of leading pacemaker site during reflex vagal stimulation and altered electrical source‐to‐sink balance
Authors: Ashton Jesse L. , Trew Mark L. , LeGrice Ian J. , Paterson David J. , Paton Julian FR. , Gillis Anne M. , Smaill Bruce H. 
Published: May 2019

Key points
Vagal reflexes slow heart rate and can change where the heartbeat originates within the sinoatrial node (SAN). The mechanisms responsible for this process – termed leading pacemaker (LP) shift – have not been investigated fully.
We used optical mapping to measure the effects of baroreflex, chemoreflex and carbachol on pacemaker entrainment and electrical conduction across the SAN.
All methods of stimulation triggered shifts in LP site from the central SAN to one or two caudal pacemaker regions. These shifts were associated with reduced current generation capacity centrally and increased electrical load caudally.
Previous studies suggest LP shift is a rate‐dependent phenomenon whereby acetylcholine slows central pacemaker rate disproportionately, enabling caudal cells that are less acetylcholine sensitive to assume control. However, our findings indicate the LP region is defined by both pacemaker rate and capacity to drive activation.
Shifts in LP site provide an important homeostatic mechanism for rapid switches in heart rate.
AbstractReflex vagal activity causes abrupt heart rate slowing with concomitant caudal shifts of the leading pacemaker (LP) site within the sinoatrial node (SAN). However, neither the mechanisms responsible nor their dynamics have been investigated fully. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms driving cholinergic LP shift. Optical maps of right atrial activation were acquired in a rat working heart–brainstem preparation during baroreflex and chemoreflex stimulation or with carbachol. All methods of stimulation triggered shifts in LP site from the central SAN to caudal pacemaker regions, which were positive for HCN4 and received uniform cholinergic innervation. During baroreflex onset, the capacity of the central region to drive activation declined with a decrease in amplitude and gradient of optical action potentials (OAPs) in the surrounding myocardium. Accompanying this decline, there was altered entrainment in the caudal SAN as shown by decreased conduction velocity, OAP amplitude, gradient and activation time. Atropine abolished these responses. Chemoreflex stimulation produced similar effects but central capacity to drive activation was preserved before the LP shift. In contrast, carbachol produced a prolonged period of reduced capacity to drive and altered entrainment. Previous studies suggest LP shift is a rate‐dependent phenomenon whereby acetylcholine slows central pacemaker rate disproportionately, enabling caudal cells that are less acetylcholine sensitive to assume control. Our findings indicate that cholinergic LP shifts are also determined by altered electrical source‐to‐sink balance in the SAN. We conclude that the LP region is defined by both rate and capacity to drive atrial activation.