bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can early intervention in pediatric asthma improve long‐term outcomes? A question that needs an answer
Authors: Lanz Miguel J. , Gilbert Ileen , Szefler Stanley J. , Murphy Kevin R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveAlthough many children with asthma do not experience persistence into adulthood, recent studies have suggested that poorly controlled asthma in childhood may be associated with significant airflow obstruction in adulthood. However, data regarding disease progression are lacking, and clinicians are not yet able to predict the course of a child's asthma. The goal of this article was to assess the current understanding of childhood asthma treatment and progression and to highlight gaps in information that remain.Data SourcesNonsystematic PubMed literature search and authors’ expertise.Study SelectionArticles were selected at the authors’ discretion based on areas of interest in childhood asthma treatment and progression into adulthood.ResultsUncontrolled asthma in early childhood can potentially have lasting effects on lung development, but it is unclear whether traditional interventions in very young children preserve lung function. Although not all children respond to standard interventions, certain asthma phenotypes have been identified that can help to understand which children may respond to a particular treatment.ConclusionClinicians should monitor children's asthma control and pulmonary function over time to assess the long‐term impact of an intervention and to minimize the effect of uncontrolled asthma, especially exacerbations, on lung development. New biologic therapies have shown promise in treating adults with severe, uncontrolled asthma, and some of these therapies are approved in the United States for children as young as age 6. However, knowledge gaps regarding the efficacy and safety of these treatments in younger children hamper our understanding of their effect on long‐term outcomes.
Tat basic domain: A “Swiss army knife” of HIV‐1 Tat?
Authors: Kurnaeva Margarita A. , Sheval Eugene V. , Musinova Yana R. , Vassetzky Yegor S. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryTat (transactivator of transcription) regulates transcription from the HIV provirus. It plays a crucial role in disease progression, supporting efficient replication of the viral genome. Tat also modulates many functions in the host genome via its interaction with chromatin and proteins. Many of the functions of Tat are associated with its basic domain rich in arginine and lysine residues. It is still unknown why the basic domain exhibits so many diverse functions. However, the highly charged basic domain, coupled with the overall structural flexibility of Tat protein itself, makes the basic domain a key player in binding to or associating with cellular and viral components. In addition, the basic domain undergoes diverse posttranslational modifications, which further expand and modulate its functions. Here, we review the current knowledge of Tat basic domain and its versatile role in the interaction between the virus and the host cell.
Estimating the risk of PTSD in recent trauma survivors: results of the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP)
Authors: Shalev Arieh Y. , Gevonden Martin , Ratanatharathorn Andrew , Laska Eugene , van der Mei Willem F. , Qi Wei , Lowe Sarah , Lai Betty S. , Bryant Richard A. , Delahanty Douglas , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Olff Miranda , Schnyder Ulrich , Seedat Soraya , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A. , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. ,   International Consortium to Predict PTSD
Published: January 2019

A timely determination of the risk of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prerequisite for efficient service delivery and prevention. We provide a risk estimate tool allowing a calculation of individuals’ PTSD likelihood from early predictors. Members of the International Consortium to Predict PTSD (ICPP) shared individual participants’ item‐level data from ten longitudinal studies of civilian trauma survivors admitted to acute care centers in six countries. Eligible participants (N=2,473) completed an initial clinical assessment within 60 days of trauma exposure, and at least one follow‐up assessment 4‐15 months later. The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐IV (CAPS) evaluated PTSD symptom severity and diagnostic status at each assessment. Participants’ education, prior lifetime trauma exposure, marital status and socio‐economic status were assessed and harmonized across studies. The study's main outcome was the likelihood of a follow‐up PTSD given early predictors. The prevalence of follow‐up PTSD was 11.8% (9.2% for male participants and 16.4% for females). A logistic model using early PTSD symptom severity (initial CAPS total score) as a predictor produced remarkably accurate estimates of follow‐up PTSD (predicted vs. raw probabilities: r=0.976). Adding respondents’ female gender, lower education, and exposure to prior interpersonal trauma to the model yielded higher PTSD likelihood estimates, with similar model accuracy (predicted vs. raw probabilities: r=0.941). The current model could be adjusted for other traumatic circumstances and accommodate risk factors not captured by the ICPP (e.g., biological, social). In line with their use in general medicine, risk estimate models can inform clinical choices in psychiatry. It is hoped that quantifying individuals’ PTSD risk will be a first step towards systematic prevention of the disorder.
Robotic Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Ng Ka Ting , Tsia Azlan Kok Vui , Chong Vanessa Yu Ling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive surgery has been considered as an alternative to open surgery by surgeons for colorectal cancer. However, the efficacy and safety profiles of robotic and conventional laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer remain unclear in the literature. The primary aim of this review was to determine whether robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAS) has better clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer patients than conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS).MethodsAll randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies were systematically searched in the databases of CENTRAL, EMBASE and PubMed from their inception until January 2018. Case reports, case series and non‐systematic reviews were excluded.ResultsSeventy‐three studies (6 RCTs and 67 observational studies) were eligible (n = 169,236) for inclusion in the data synthesis. In comparison with the CLS arm, RAS cohort was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of conversion to open surgery (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 65%; REM: OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.30,0.53), all‐cause mortality (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 7%; FEM: OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.36,0.64) and wound infection (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 0%; FEM: OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.11,1.39). Patients who received RAS had a significantly shorter duration of hospitalization (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 94%; REM: MD − 0.77; 95% CI 1.12, − 0.41; day), time to oral diet (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 60%; REM: MD − 0.43; 95% CI − 0.64, − 0.21; day) and lesser intraoperative blood loss (ρ = 0.01, I2 = 88%; REM: MD − 18.05; 95% CI − 32.24, − 3.85; ml). However, RAS cohort was noted to require a significant longer duration of operative time (ρ < 0.001, I2 = 93%; REM: MD 38.19; 95% CI 28.78,47.60; min).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that RAS provides better clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer patients as compared to the CLS at the expense of longer duration of operative time. However, the inconclusive trial sequential analysis and an overall low level of evidence in this review warrant future adequately powered RCTs to draw firm conclusion.
Truncation of tensors in the hierarchical format
Authors: Hackbusch Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTensors are in general large-scale data which require a special representation. These representations are also called a format. After mentioning the r-term and tensor subspace formats, we describe the hierarchical tensor format which is the most flexible one. Since operations with tensors often produce tensors of larger memory cost, truncation to reduced ranks is of utmost importance. The so-called higher-order singular-value decomposition (HOSVD) provides a save truncation with explicit error control. The paper explains in detail how the HOSVD procedure is performed within the hierarchical tensor format. Finally, we state special favourable properties of the HOSVD truncation.
Design of Passenger Aerial Ropeway for Urban Environment
Authors: Lagerev Alexander V. , Lagerev Igor A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Aerial ropeway is an effective alternative to the conventional modes of land public transport in metropolitan areas and cities. Construction of passenger aerial ropeways in urban environment is a very costly enterprise in terms of engineering and economics, and requires significant financial resources. This article is aimed at the development of the design method of the passenger aerial ropeway, ensuring the reduction in its construction cost. For this purpose, the individual components of the construction cost are considered, and the approximate calculation dependencies are proposed. It is shown that the cost of the aerial ropeway is mainly influenced by the installation step, height of intermediate towers and carrying rope tension. The task of the conditional nonlinear optimization of the given parameters is formulated and solved in the research. This task ensures the minimum cost of the aerial ropeway. The optimization task is done by taking into account possible limitations on the ropeway laying in the severely urbanized environment (the terrain, urban infrastructure arrangement, altitude performance of the urban development, technical characteristics of the carrying rope, etc.). Implementing the solution findings of the given optimization task makes it possible to significantly reduce the construction cost of aerial ropeways in urban environment.
Emergency Department Ceiling Collapse: Response to an Internal Emergency
Authors: Barten Dennis G. , Veltmeijer Matthijs T. W. , Peters Nathalie A. L. R. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTHospital disaster resilience is often conceived as the ability to respond to external disasters. However, internal disasters appear to be more common events in hospitals than external events. This report describes the aftermath of a ceiling collapse in the emergency department of VieCuri Medical Center in Venlo, the Netherlands, on May 18, 2017. By designating the acute medical unit as a temporary emergency department, standard emergency care could be resumed within 8 hours. This unique approach might be transferrable to other hospitals in the developed world. In general, it is vital that hospital disaster plans focus on both external and internal disasters, including specific scenarios that disrupt vital hospital departments such as the emergency department. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:829–830)
Enhancing return to work or school after a first episode of schizophrenia: the UCLA RCT of Individual Placement and Support and Workplace Fundamentals Module training
Authors: Nuechterlein Keith H. , Subotnik Kenneth L. , Ventura Joseph , Turner Luana R. , Gitlin Michael J. , Gretchen-Doorly Denise , Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. , Wallace Charles J. , Liberman Robert P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated in a rigorous 18-month randomized controlled trial the efficacy of an enhanced vocational intervention for helping individuals with a recent first schizophrenia episode to return to and remain in competitive work or regular schooling.MethodsIndividual Placement and Support (IPS) was adapted to meet the goals of individuals whose goals might involve either employment or schooling. IPS was combined with a Workplace Fundamentals Module (WFM) for an enhanced, outpatient, vocational intervention. Random assignment to the enhanced integrated rehabilitation program (N = 46) was contrasted with equally intensive clinical treatment at UCLA, including social skills training groups, and conventional vocational rehabilitation by state agencies (N = 23). All patients were provided case management and psychiatric services by the same clinical team and received oral atypical antipsychotic medication.ResultsThe IPS–WFM combination led to 83% of patients participating in competitive employment or school in the first 6 months of intensive treatment, compared with 41% in the comparison group (p < 0.005). During the subsequent year, IPS–WFM continued to yield higher rates of schooling/employment (92% v. 60%, p < 0.03). Cumulative number of weeks of schooling and/or employment was also substantially greater with the IPS–WFM intervention (45 v. 26 weeks, p < 0.004).ConclusionsThe results clearly support the efficacy of an enhanced intervention focused on recovery of participation in normative work and school settings in the initial phase of schizophrenia, suggesting potential for prevention of disability.
Natural phonetic tendencies and social meaning: Exploring the allophonic raising split ofpriceandmouthon the Isles of Scilly
Authors: Moore Emma , Carter Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe existence of an allophonic split between raised onsets before voiceless consonants and more open onsets in other environments is well-established for the vowels in thepricelexical set. It has also been observed—less frequently—for the vowels in themouthlexical set. We provide evidence of this allophonic raising split in the English spoken on the Isles of Scilly (a group of islands off the southwest coast of England) where the pattern is more robust formouththanprice. We propose that the allophonic raising split on Scilly is the outcome of dialect contact and natural phonetic tendencies, as observed elsewhere. However, by reflecting on the specifics of the location studied, and drawing on a perception study, we hypothesise that the trajectory of the pattern may be the consequence of the different social and regional qualities indexed bymouthandpriceand the interaction of these meanings with ideologies about Scilly and its speakers.
Psychological Underpinnings of Post-Truth in Political Beliefs
Authors: McDermott Rose 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough both the idea and the reality of so-called fake news or disinformation campaigns long precede the Trump administration, the frequency and intensity of the discussion around its prevalence and influence have increased significantly since Donald Trump took office. In an era when technological innovations support increasingly inexpensive and easy ways to produce media that looks official, the ability to separate real from artificial has become increasingly complicated and difficult. Some of the responsibility for public manipulation certainly rests with those who present false or artificial information as real. However, their relative success depends on, at least in part, universal psychological processes that often make humans susceptible to believing things that are not true. For example, people often weigh emotional feelings more heavily than abstract facts in their decision making. This discussion examines the psychological foundations that render individuals susceptible to a post-truth media environment and allow it to emerge, escalate, and persist.
Diurnal Cloud and Circulation Changes in Simulated Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Ruppert James H. , O'Neill Morgan E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObservations of the diurnal cycle in tropical cyclones (TCs) systematically indicate a ∼12‐hr offset between peak rainfall rate and the maximum height of anvil clouds in the TC cloud canopy. This phasing conflicts with archetypal models of organized deep convection, which suggest a tight coupling between rainfall, vertical cloud growth, and anvil clouds. We show that this phasing owes to the bimodal diurnal evolution of the transverse circulation, which peaks nocturnally from low–midlevels, and during daytime in the upper troposphere. The bottom‐heavy nocturnal circulation state is driven by latent heating from nocturnally invigorated deep convection, while the top‐heavy daytime state is the thermally direct circulation response to strong shortwave‐cloud warming in the optically thick TC cloud canopy. This daytime upper‐level circulation response manifests in a lifting of the maximum height of the TC outflow and, in turn, a lifting and invigoration of the upper‐level anvil clouds of the TC cloud canopy.
Scaled Energy Estimation for Shallow Slow Earthquakes
Authors: Yabe Suguru , Tonegawa Takashi , Nakano Masaru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDeep and shallow slow earthquakes occur at the edge of the seismogenic zone in the Nankai subduction zone. Deep slow earthquakes occur under high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions, whereas shallow slow earthquakes occur at lower temperatures and pressures. Although these two types of slow earthquake show qualitatively similar behaviors, such as slow deformation and depleted high‐frequency seismic signals, their similarities have not yet been evaluated in quantitative ways. In this work, we analyze shallow tectonic tremors accompanied by very low frequency earthquakes off Kii Peninsula, Japan. We estimate the seismic energy of the shallow tectonic tremors by correcting for the site amplifications of ocean bottom seismic stations and seismic attenuation in the shallow accretionary prism. The estimated seismic energy rates of these tectonic tremors are compared with seismic moment rates of accompanying very low frequency earthquakes, revealing that the scaled energy of shallow slow earthquakes is roughly constant, ~10−9 to 10−8, which is 0 to 1 order of magnitude larger than the typical scaled energy of deep slow earthquakes.
The Sensitivity of Terrestrial δ18O Gradients to Hydroclimate Evolution
Authors: Kukla Tyler , Winnick Matthew J. , Maher Kate , Ibarra Daniel E. , Chamberlain C. Page 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTerrestrial gradients in the oxygen isotopic composition of meteoric water (δ18O), as reconstructed through proxies, reflect characteristics of ancient hydrologic conditions. These gradients are primarily influenced by the atmospheric transport of water vapor and the balance of precipitation and evapotranspiration, which are linked to climate and topography. We incorporate these effects into a one‐dimensional model that predicts the spatial evolution of δ18O based on local topography and the regional water‐energy budget. Specifically, we build on existing reactive transport models by incorporating parameterizations of orographic precipitation and energetic constraints on evapotranspiration following the Budyko water balance framework. We test our model on three modern transects that represent topographically distinct environments. These are the Amazon Basin (lowlands), the Cascade Range (mountains), and the eastern Himalayan Range (lowlands and mountains). Comparisons among these gradients demonstrate that the topographic regime determines how sensitive isotope records are to hydroclimate evolution. As a result, isotope records differentially express signatures of topography and the regional water balance, and we present a quantitative framework to predict this trade‐off. Finally, we link these effects to climate evolution and discuss how our model may help disentangle topographic and climatic signals through Earth history.
Reconnaissance Basement Geology and Tectonics of South Zealandia
Authors: Tulloch Andy J. , Mortimer Nick , Ireland Trevor R. , Waight Tod E. , Maas Roland , Palin J. M. , Sahoo Tusar , Seebeck Hannu , Sagar Matt W. , Barrier Andrea , Turnbull Rose E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report new U‐Pb zircon ages, geochemical and isotopic data for Mesozoic igneous rocks, and new seismic interpretations of mostly submerged South Zealandia (1.5 Mkm2). We use these data, along with existing geological and geophysical data sets, to refine the extent and nature of geological units. Our new 1:25 M geological map of South Zealandia provides a regional framework to investigate the rifting and breakup that formed Zealandia, Earth's most submerged continent. Samples of prerift (pre‐100 Ma) plutonic rocks can be matched with on‐land New Zealand igneous suites and indicate an east‐west strike for the subduction‐related 260 to 105‐Ma Median Batholith across the Campbell Plateau. The plutonic chronology of formerly contiguous plutonic rocks in West Antarctica reveals similar pulses and lulls to the Median Batholith. Contrary to previous interpretations, the Median Batholith does not coincide with the 1,600‐km‐long Campbell Magnetic Anomaly System. Instead we interpret the continental magnetic anomalies to represent a mainly mafic igneous unit, whose shape and extent is controlled by synrift structures related to Gondwana breakup. Correlatives of some of these unsampled igneous rocks may be exposed as circa 85 Ma alkalic volcanic rocks on the Chatham Islands. Extension directions varied by up to 65° from 100 to 80 Ma, and we suggest this allowed this large area to thin considerably before final rupture to form new oceanic crust. Synrift (90–80 Ma) structures cut the oroclinal bend in southern South Island and support a pre‐early Late Cretaceous age of orocline formation.
High‐Resolution Field Mapping and Analysis of the August–October 2016 Coseismic Surface Faulting (Central Italy Earthquakes): Slip Distribution, Parameterization, and Comparison With Global Earthquakes
Authors: Brozzetti F. , Boncio P. , Cirillo D. , Ferrarini F. , de Nardis R. , Testa A. , Liberi F. , Lavecchia G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe focus on the coseismic surface faulting exposed along the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove fault system (VBF, central Italy), that activated during the 24 August 2016, Amatrice earthquake (Mw6.0) and soon after reactivated during the 26 October Visso (Mw5.9) and 30 October Norcia events (Mw6.5 mainshock). We systematically recognized the coseismic surface ruptures of the aforesaid earthquakes, which document the repeated surface faulting on the same seismogenic structure in close temporal succession. We surveyed 1,747 evidence of coseismic ruptures, 325 fault plane attitudes along the Vettoretto‐Redentore segment, and over 4,000 data along the entire VBF that were organized in a GIS‐database. This data set allowed us to estimate the coseismic surface rupture length (SRL), maximum (MD) and average (AD) displacement associated with the Mw6.0 and Mw6.5 events. We found that the SRL and MD associated with the former are respectively 5.8 km and 28.5 cm and AD reaches 12.7 cm. For the mainshock, the values of SRL ≥ 22 km and MD = 222 cm were measured. The cumulative, post‐30 October parameters are SRL = 30 km, MD = 240 cm, AD = 36 cm. Despite that the MD of the Mw6.0 event differs by ~1 order of magnitude respect to the mainshock MD, the two slip profiles display a similar multiscale sinuosity showing a significant control of the long‐term fault segmentation on the coseismic rupturing. Comparing the obtained coseismic parameters with literature global earthquakes data highlights some peculiarities of the 2016 central Italy surface rupture pattern, which suggest caution in applying empirical relationships to highly segmented seismogenic faults.