bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cephalometric Study to Evaluate the Variations in Pharyngeal Airway Spaces in Class I and Class II Malcocclusions
Authors: Sandhu Navreet , Sandhu Sarabjeet , Mehta Kavita , Kashyap Rita 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Ever since the time of Edward H. Angle, the effects of upper airway obstruction have been recognized in the field of craniofacial biology. Because of the close relationship between the pharynx and the dentofacial structures, a mutual interaction is expected to occur between the pharyngeal structures and the dentofacial pattern, and therefore justifies orthodontic interest. The purpose of this study was to compare the upper and lower pharyngeal widths and nasopharyngeal area in class I and class II malocclusion patients. Methods: The study sample consisted of 48 subjects of age group 18-26 years, divided into 2 groups : class I(n=24) and class II(n=24). Pharyngeal airways were assessed according to Mc Namara's analysis and Handelman and Osborne method of measuring pharyngeal widths and nasopharyngeal areas. Results: Independent t –test showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in upper aerial width and nasopharyngeal airway area between two groups, showing that in class II cases upper aerial width is narrower and nasopharyngeal area is small when compared to class I cases. Conclusion: Conclusion of the study was that upper aerial width and nasopharyngeal airway area of class II cases were smaller than Class I cases. It was observed that mandibular position with respect to cranial base had an effect on pharyngeal airway.
Dentin Tubular Occlusion with Bioactive Glass Containing Dentrifice and Gluma Desensitizer–A Comparative Sem Evaluation
Authors: Gupta Ashu , Sharma Neha , Bramta Manmohan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful clinical condition and is characterized by pain arising from exposed dentin in response to various stimuli. Various treatment modalities are available to treat dentinal hypersensitivity which include at-home and in-office treatment. At home treatment generally consists of a variety of dentrifices containing different constituents like stannous fluoride, strontium chloride and potassium oxalate. These agents cause occlusion of dentinal tubules which decreases both dentine permeability and fluid movement thereby reducing hypersensitivity. Recently, bioactive glass (NovaMin) has been incorporated as a remineralising ingredient in dentifrice formulations for treating Dentinal Hyprsensitivity. It relieves the symptoms by precipitating hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) onto the tooth surface. Another combination product consisting of an aqueous solution of 5% glutaraldehyde and 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Gluma desensitizer) has also been reported to be an effective desensitizing agent. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the tubule occluding effect of of two desensitizing agents, which are bioactive glass (Novamin), and Gluma Desensitizer. In the present study bioactive glass was found to produce more completely occluded tubules while Gluma desensitizer caused more partial occlusion on initial application. Hence, NovaMin application could be more effective in providing relief from dentinal hypersensitivity when compared with Gluma Desensitizer.
Removable or Fixed??? Force is in the Hands of Orthodontist not Appliance
Authors: Gupta Garima , Goyal Sachin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: To present a new, simple and economical appliance for bringing a palatally impacted canine into the oral cavity. Material and methods-The basic appliance design incorporatesAdams clasps, usually on both first molars, a posterior bite block and bow of 0.8 mm wire with a stainless steel tubing (to increase the strength) with a helix at the open end, to wear an elastic from attachment on the tooth. Results: Treatment resulted in the eruption of left canine till the occlusal level in the oral cavity through the attached mucosa and simultaneous correction of rotated right canine, with coinciding midlines and no mandibular shift. Conclusion: The simple upper removable appliance can be used as an excellent method of treating palatally impacted canines.
Comparison of ISO Method with Two New Methods for Determining the Radio-Opacity of Restorative Resins.
Authors: Kapila Rishabh , Matsuda Yukiko , Nishikawa Keiichi , Sano Tsukasa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate alternate methods for determining the radio-opacity of restorative resins. Materials and Methods: Disks of five restorative resins were made and placed on the sensor of intraoral X-ray sensor. Exposures were made and the images were generated without using automatic gain control and exported as DICOM files. Gray values were measured from these images using Image-J software. Results: These gray values were used to estimate the equivalent aluminium thickness in mm using the ISO method and using methods described by Vivian et al and Lachowski et al. The equivalent aluminium values obtained from ISO method was statistically compared to the other two methods using ANOVA and Dunnet's test. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. A statistical significant difference was seen for the 2nd method. However, no statistical differences were seen for the 3rd method. Conclusion: The alternate methods are relatively simple to use, non-time consuming, and need no special softwares for calculations.
A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Glass Ionomer Restoration with Different Surface Protectors - an In-Vitro Study
Authors: Ninawe Nupur , Nayak Ullal , Nagar Priya , Khandelwal Vishal , Jain Suyash , Gupta Ambika 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim: All the restorative material whatsoever introduced till-date have an inherent disadvantage of micro-leakage measurable different grades. The present study comparatively evaluates the micro-leakage of glass ionomer restoration with different surface protection methods. Methodology: 36 premolars were obtained without any cracks or restorations for the study. Teeth were stored in distilled water containing thymol crystals till the beginning of the study. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups based on surface protectors used. Group I is GC Fuji Varnish, Group II is vaseline and Group III is G-Coat plus along with GIC restoration. Class V cavities were prepared of dimensions mesio-distal width of 3 mm, occluso-gingival length of 2 mm, and a depth of 1.5 mm on buccal and lingual surfaces with a high-speed hand-piece with air-water spray. Results: Kruskal- Wallis test was applied and Vaseline group showed significantly less micro-leakage compared to G-Coat plus i.e. G-Coat plus exhibited significantly higher microleakage compared to other groups. Conclusion: Evaluation of micro-leakage of glass ionomer cements using various surface protecting agents, Vaseline was considered the best surface protecting agent maintaining the water balance and showing no micro-leakage.
Maize yields over Europe may increase in spite of climate change, with an appropriate use of the genetic variability of flowering time
Authors: Parent Boris , Leclere Margot , Lacube Sébastien , Semenov Mikhail A. , Welcker Claude , Martre Pierre , Tardieu François 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The consequences of climate change on European maize yields may become positive if farmers in 2050 use the decision rules they currently follow for adapting plant cycle duration and sowing dates to the diversity of environmental conditions. Experiments and simulations show that the current genetic variability of flowering time allows identifying a cycle duration that maximizes yield at every maize field in Europe. The assumption that farmers use this optimal cycle length in each site was supported by comparison with historical data. Simulated European production for 2050 was stable under the hypotheses of unchanged practices but was increased if farmers continued adopting the decision rules they currently use for adjusting sowing date and crop cycle duration to local environment.
Racial disparities in pollution exposure and employment at US industrial facilities
Authors: Ash Michael , Boyce James K. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Debate about regulation of industrial polluters often concerns a presumed trade-off between negative pollution impacts and positive employment opportunities. These arguments are especially sensitive among communities of racial/ethnic minorities, who disproportionately suffer exposure to pollution and lack access to high-quality employment. We combine US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data on toxics exposure with Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) data on employment to examine how the racial/ethnic distribution of industrial employment corresponds to the distribution of exposure to air toxics emitted by the same facilities. The share of pollution risk accruing to minority groups generally exceeds their share of employment and greatly exceeds their share of higher paying jobs. In aggregate, we find no evidence that facilities that create higher pollution risk for surrounding communities provide more jobs.
Drought losses in China might double between the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming
Authors: Su Buda , Huang Jinlong , Fischer Thomas , Wang Yanjun , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Zhai Jianqing , Sun Hemin , Wang Anqian , Zeng Xiaofan , Wang Guojie , Tao Hui , Gemmer Marco , Li Xiucang , Jiang Tong 
Published: October 2018

Significance
We project drought losses in China under global warming of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C. To assess future drought losses, we project the regional gross domestic product under shared socioeconomic pathways instead of using a static socioeconomic scenario. We identify increasing precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns. With increasing drought intensity and areal coverage across China, drought losses will increase considerably. The estimated losses in a sustainable development pathway at 1.5 °C warming will be 10 times higher than in the reference period 1986–2005 and three times higher than in 2006–2015. Yet, climate change mitigation, limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 °C, can considerably reduce the annual drought losses in China, compared with 2.0 °C warming.
Entropically driven aggregation of bacteria by host polymers promotes antibiotic tolerance in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Secor Patrick R. , Michaels Lia A. , Ratjen Anina , Jennings Laura K. , Singh Pradeep K. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Bacteria live in aggregates at sites of chronic infection, and aggregated growth is thought to be important in producing key infection phenotypes such as antibiotic tolerance. We found that entropic forces generated by polymers abundant at chronic infection sites can cause bacteria to aggregate by a mechanism known as “depletion aggregation.” This aggregation mechanism does not require biofilm formation functions, but it does cause bacteria to become much less susceptible to killing by antibiotics. These findings indicate that aggregation could be a default growth mode at infection sites. It might be useful to target mechanisms of depletion-mediated antibiotic tolerance for the treatment of chronic infections.
Functional muscle recovery with nanoparticle-directed M2 macrophage polarization in mice
Authors: Raimondo Theresa M. , Mooney David J. 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceChronic inflammation contributes to the progression of many diseases, including 7 of the 10 leading causes of death. Macrophages play a central role in regulating inflammation because they adopt proinflammatory (M1) and proregenerative (M2) phenotypes. While an initial M1 response is critical, the prolonged presence of M1 macrophages, or the imbalance of M1 over M2 macrophages, can cause tissue damage and inhibit regeneration. We demonstrate that gold nanoparticles can be used to deliver a cytokine to direct M2 macrophage polarization following muscle injury in vivo. The polarization shift promoted regeneration and increased muscle strength. The ability to direct macrophage polarization in an inflammatory microenvironment may be useful in the treatment of many injuries and inflammatory diseases.
Tradeoffs in environmental and equity gains from job accessibility
Authors: Stokes Eleanor C. , Seto Karen C. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Access to employment is key to the sustainability of urban areas. Although changes in access have consequences for multiple pillars of sustainability, in tandem, potential tradeoffs are rarely explored. This analysis measures employment accessibility trends over the past decade across and within US urban areas and assesses how these trends may be shaping emissions and social equity. We find that although US urban areas have increased in accessibility by 11% on average, few increases have provided both environmental and social value simultaneously. This study points to a paradox in sustainable development, where emissions mitigation and the welfare of low-income urban residents can be at odds.
High-throughput in vivo screen of functional mRNA delivery identifies nanoparticles for endothelial cell gene editing
Authors: Sago Cory D. , Lokugamage Melissa P. , Paunovska Kalina , Vanover Daryll A. , Monaco Christopher M. , Shah Nirav N. , Gamboa Castro Marielena , Anderson Shannon E. , Rudoltz Tobi G. , Lando Gwyneth N. , Munnilal Tiwari Pooja , Kirschman Jonathan L. , Willett Nick , Jang Young C. , Santangelo Philip J. , Bryksin Anton V. , Dahlman James E. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes has treated disease in humans. However, systemically delivering RNA drugs to nonliver tissues remains an important challenge. To increase the number of nanoparticles that could be studied in vivo, we designed a high-throughput method to measure how >100 nanoparticles delivered mRNA that was translated into functional protein in vivo. We quantified how >250 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) delivered mRNA in vivo, identifying two LNPs that deliver mRNA to endothelial cells. One of the LNPs codelivered Cas9 mRNA and single-guide RNA in vivo, leading to endothelial cell gene editing. This approach can identify nanoparticles that target new cells.
Lesion network localization of free will
Authors: Darby R. Ryan , Joutsa Juho , Burke Matthew J. , Fox Michael D. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Free will consists of a desire to act (volition) and a sense of responsibility for that action (agency), but the brain regions responsible for these processes remain unknown. We found that brain lesions that disrupt volition occur in many different locations, but fall within a single brain network, defined by connectivity to the anterior cingulate. Lesions that disrupt agency also occur in many different locations, but fall within a separate network, defined by connectivity to the precuneus. Together, these networks may underlie our perception of free will, with implications for neuropsychiatric diseases in which these processes are impaired.
Many roads lead to Rome, and we have found seven
Authors: Christidou Sophia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Through our academic research we developed a control mechanism for translation based on seven variables derived from the studies of the Belgian translatologist Dirk Delabastita. In this paper we implement the control mechanism for translation in the fields of solid waste management and liquid waste mechanics using the academic text-books Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse in order to investigate the quality of translations in Greek. We present an indicative psychometric questionnaire from the initial research conducted with telecommunications scientists, as well as an abstract outlining the processing of the relevant indices, followed by indicative processing in the academic field of environmental engineering. This could be the first step in research for the field of environmental engineering terminology.
Revisiting Copyright Theories: Democratic Culture and the Resale of Digital Goods
Authors: Sang Yoonmo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study surveys theoretical justifications for copyright and considers the implications of the notion of cultural democracy in regard to copyright law and policy. In doing so, the study focuses on the first sale doctrine and advocates for the doctrine’s expansion to digital goods based on a discussion of the doctrine’s policy implications and a review of the arguments for and against a digital first sale doctrine. The study argues that democratic copyright theories, in general, and the notion of cultural democracy, in particular, can and should guide copyright reforms in conjunction with a digital first sale doctrine. This study contributes to the growing discussions about the democratic theories of copyright by demonstrating their applicability to copyright policy and doctrine.
Effects of Acute Exercise Combined With Calorie Restriction Initiated Late-in-Life on Insulin Signaling, Lipids, and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle From Old Rats
Authors: Oki Kentaro , Arias Edward B , Kanzaki Makoto , Cartee Gregory D 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We evaluated effects of calorie restriction (CR: consuming 60–65% of ad libitum [AL] intake) initiated late-in-life with or without acute exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) of skeletal muscle by studying four groups of 26-month-old rats: sedentary-AL, sedentary-CR (8-week duration), 3 hours post-exercise (3hPEX)-AL and 3hPEX-CR. ISGU was determined in isolated epitrochlearis muscles incubated ± insulin. Muscles were assessed for signaling proteins (immunoblotting) and lipids (mass spectrometry). ISGU from sedentary-CR and 3hPEX-AL exceeded sedentary-AL; 3hPEX-CR exceeded all other groups. Akt (Ser473, Thr308) and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; Ser588, Thr642, Ser704) phosphorylation levels tracked with ISGU. Among the 477 lipids detected, 114 were altered by CR (including reductions in 15 of 25 acylcarnitines), and 27 were altered by exercise (including reductions in 18 of 22 lysophosphatidylcholines) with only six lipids overlapping between CR and exercise. ISGU significantly correlated with 23 lipids, including: acylcarnitine 20:1 (r = .683), lysophosphatidylethanolamine19:0 (r = −.662), acylcarnitine 24:0 (r = .611), and plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine 37:5 (r = −.603). Muscle levels of ceramides (a lipid class previously linked to insulin resistance) were not altered by CR and/or exercise nor significantly correlated with ISGU, implicating other mechanisms (which potentially involve other lipids identified in this study) for greater ISGU and Akt and AS160 phosphorylation with these interventions.
Daily Links Between Sleep and Anger Among Spouses of Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Marini Christina M , Martire Lynn M , Jones Dusti R , Zhaoyang Ruixue , Buxton Orfeu M 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This study identified daily associations between sleep, emotion, and marital functioning in the context of chronic pain. Because spouses’ sleep is compromised on nights when patients experience more pain, we set out to identify implications of spouses’ sleep for their own emotion (anger) upon waking and marital interaction (marital tension) throughout the rest of the day. We further considered whether spouses’ critical attitudes about patients’ pain-related coping exacerbated associations between their sleep, morning anger, and marital tension.

Method
Data came from a study of knee osteoarthritis patients (50+ years old) and spouses (N = 138 couples) who completed daily diaries across 22 days. Multilevel models were estimated to test hypotheses.

Results
Spouses woke up angrier on mornings when they reported that their sleep was more unrefreshing than usual. This association was stronger among more critical spouses. Morning anger resulting from unrefreshing sleep, however, did not predict marital tension throughout the rest of the day.

Discussion
Findings highlight the potential value of intervention efforts aimed at promoting spouses’ sleep quality in an effort to offset negative emotional consequences that may undermine spouses’ and patients’ adjustment in the context of chronic pain.
Radiological Characteristics and Natural History of Adult IDH-Wildtype Astrocytomas with TERT Promoter Mutations
Authors: Izquierdo Cristina , Barritault Marc , Poncet Delphine , Cartalat Stéphanie , Joubert Bastien , Bruna Jordi , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Guyotat Jacques , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Fenouil Tanguy , Berthezène Yves , Honnorat Jérôme , Meyronet David , Ducray François 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Adult IDH-wildtype astrocytomas with TERT promoter mutations (TERTp) are associated with a poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the radiological presentation and natural history of adult IDH-wildtype astrocytomas with TERTp.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics of 40 IDH-wildtype TERTp-mutant astrocytomas (grade II n = 19, grade III n = 21) and compared them to those of 114 IDH-mutant lower grade gliomas (LGG), of 92 IDH-wildtype TERTp-mutant glioblastomas, and of 15 IDH-wildtype TERTp-wildtype astrocytomas.

RESULTS
Most cases of IDH-wildtype TERTp-mutant astrocytomas occurred in patients aged >50 yr (88%) and presented as infiltrative lesions without contrast enhancement (73%) that were localized in the temporal and/or insular lobes (37.5%) or corresponded to a gliomatosis cerebri (43%). Thalamic involvement (33%) and extension to the brainstem (27%) were frequently observed, as was gyriform infiltration (33%). This radiological presentation was different from that of IDH-mutant LGG, IDH-wildtype TERTp-mutant glioblastomas, and IDH-wildtype TERTp-wildtype astrocytomas. Tumor evolution before treatment initiation was assessable in 17 cases. Ten cases demonstrated a rapid growth characterized by the apparition of a ring-like contrast enhancement and/or a median velocity of diametric expansion (VDE) ≥8 mm/yr but 7 cases displayed a slow growth (VDE <8 mm/yr) that could last several years before anaplastic transformation. Median overall survival of IDH-wildtype TERTp-mutant astrocytomas was 27 mo.

CONCLUSION

IDH-wildtype TERTp-mutant astrocytomas typically present as nonenhancing temporo-insular infiltrative lesions or as gliomatosis cerebri in patients aged >50 yr. In the absence of treatment, although rapid tumor growth is frequent, an initial falsely reassuring, slow growth can be observed.