bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability of Extreme Precipitation in Western U.S. Watersheds Based on Atmospheric River Occurrence, Intensity, and Duration
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Leung L. Ruby , Gao Yang , Liu Ying , Wigmosta Mark , Richmond Marshall 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe quantified the relationship between atmospheric rivers (ARs) and occurrence and magnitude of extreme precipitation in western U.S. watersheds, using ARs identified by the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project and precipitation from a high‐resolution regional climate simulation. Our analysis shows the potential of ARs in predicting extreme precipitation events at a daily scale, with Gilbert Skill Scores of ~0.2. Monthly extreme precipitation amount in west coast watersheds is closely related to AR intensity, with correlation coefficients of up to 0.6. The relationship between ARs and precipitation is most significant in the Pacific Northwest and California. Using a K‐means clustering algorithm, ARs can be classified into three categories: weak ARs, flash ARs, and prolonged ARs. Flash ARs and prolonged ARs, though accounting for less than 50% of total AR events, are more important in controlling extreme precipitation patterns and should be prioritized for future studies of hydrological extreme events.
Implicit preference for human trustworthy faces in macaque monkeys
Authors: Costa Manuela , Gomez Alice , Barat Elodie , Lio Guillaume , Duhamel Jean-René , Sirigu Angela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has been shown that human judgements of trustworthiness are based on subtle processing of specific facial features. However, it is not known if this ability is a specifically human function, or whether it is shared among primates. Here we report that macaque monkeys (Macaca Mulatta and Macaca Fascicularis), like humans, display a preferential attention to trustworthiness-associated facial cues in computer-generated human faces. Monkeys looked significantly longer at faces categorized a priori as trustworthy compared to untrustworthy. In addition, spatial sequential analysis of monkeys’ initial saccades revealed an upward shift with attention moving to the eye region for trustworthy faces while no change was observed for the untrustworthy ones. Finally, we found significant correlations between facial width-to-height ratio– a morphometric feature that predicts trustworthiness’ judgments in humans – and looking time in both species. These findings suggest the presence of common mechanisms among primates for first impression of trustworthiness.
Simulated warming enhances biological invasion of Solidago canadensis and Bidens frondosa by increasing reproductive investment and altering flowering phenology pattern
Authors: Cao Yusong , Xiao Yi’an , Zhang Sisi , Hu Wenhai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhenological and reproductive shifts of plants due to climate change may have important influences on population dynamics. Climate change may also affect invasive species by changing their phenology and reproduction, but few studies have explored this possibility. Here, we investigated the impact of climate change on the phenology, reproduction and invasion potential of two alien Solidago canadensis and Bidens frondosa and one native weed, Pterocypsela laciniata, all of which are in the Asteraceae family. The three species responded to simulated climate change by increasing reproductive investments and root/leaf ratio, prolonging flowering duration, and while the two alien species also displayed a mass-flowering pattern. Moreover, our experimental results indicated that the alien invasive species may have greater phenological plasticity in response to simulated warming than that of the native species (P. laciniata). As such, climate change may enhance the invasion and accelerate the invasive process of these alien plant species.
Development of Hospital Data Warehouse for Cost Analysis of DPC Based on Medical Costs
Authors: Kumamoto I. , Uto Y. , Muranaga F. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Objectives
: To develop a data warehouse system for cost analysis, based on the categories of the diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) system, in which medical costs were estimated by DPC category and factors influencing the balance between costs and fees.

Methods
: We developed a data warehouse system for cost analysis using data from the hospital central data warehouse system. The balance data of patients who were discharged from Kagoshima University Hospital from April 2003 to March 2005 were determined in terms of medical procedure, cost per day and patient admission in order to conduct a drill-down analysis. To evaluate this system, we analyzed cash flow by DPC category of patients who were categorized as having malignanttumors andwhose DPC category was reevaluated in 2004.

Results
: The percentages of medical expenses were highest in patients with acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and particularly in patients with malignant tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile duct. Imaging tests degraded the percentages of medical expenses in Kagoshima University Hospital.

Conclusions
: These results suggested that cost analysis by patient is important for hospital administration in the inclusive evaluation system using a case-mix index such as DPC.
Low Plasma ADAMTS13 Activity Is Associated with Coagulopathy, Endothelial Cell Damage and Mortality after Severe Paediatric Trauma
Authors: Russell Robert , McDaniel Jenny , Cao Wenjing , Shroyer Michelle , Wagener Brant , Pittet Jean-François , Zheng X. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDecrease of plasma activity of ADAMTS13, a metalloenzyme that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) and prevents adhesion and aggregation of platelets, has been reported early after onset of systemic inflammation resulting from infections and after severe trauma. Here, we determined whether trauma-induced systemic (sterile) inflammation would be associated with a reduction of plasma ADAMTS13 activity in paediatric patients and its association with disease severity and outcome. Paediatric patients (n = 106) with severe trauma at a level 1 paediatric trauma centre between 2014 and 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were collected upon arrival and at 24 hours and analysed for plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity, VWF antigen, collagen binding activity, human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1–3, coagulation abnormalities, endothelial glycocalyx damage and clinical outcome. Plasma samples were also collected for similar measurements from 52 healthy paediatric controls who underwent elective minor surgery. The median age of patients was 9 years with 81% sustaining blunt trauma. The median injury severity score was 22 and the mortality rate was 11%. Plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity were significantly lower and plasma levels of VWF antigen and HNP 1–3 proteins were significantly higher for paediatric trauma patients on admission and at 24 hours when compared with controls. Finally, the lowest plasma ADAMTS13 activity was found in patients who died from their injuries. We conclude that relative plasma deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity may be associated with more severe traumatic injury, significant endothelial glycocalyx damage, coagulation abnormalities and mortality after severe trauma in paediatric patients.
Altered Plasma Clot Properties and Trauma-Related Venous Thromboembolism despite Thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Goldman Sarah , Frączek Paulina , Szklanny Krzysztof , Papuga-Szela Elżbieta , Stanisz Andrzej , Undas Anetta 
Published: October 2018

Background Prothrombotic clot phenotype may characterize patients developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) despite pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. We studied the role of fibrin clot properties and its potential determinants in individuals who experienced DVT after lower limb injury.
Methods In a case–control study, we assessed 50 patients who developed DVT despite prophylactic use of low-molecular-weight heparins (the failed thromboprophylaxis group) after a lower limb injury, and three age- and sex-matched control groups, 50 patients each: (1) patients with trauma-related DVT without prior thromboprophylaxis; (2) individuals with unprovoked DVT; (3) patients without history of DVT (the no-DVT controls). Fibrin clot properties, along with thrombin concentration and α2-antiplasmin, were assessed following 3 months of anticoagulation in all DVT patients.
Results Compared with the no-DVT controls, the failed thromboprophylaxis group exhibited denser fibrin networks (12.8% lower clot permeability [Ks], p = 0.0008) and impaired fibrinolysis (46.2% longer clot lysis time [CLT], p = 0.0001 and 8% lower rate of D-dimer release from clots, p = 0.0008). In the unprovoked DVT, similar Ks and 14.9% shorter CLT (p = 0.02) were reported compared with the failed thromboprophylaxis group. The failed thromboprophylaxis patients had higher odds of having elevated peak thrombin generation (>241.5 nM, 90th percentile in the no-DVT controls; odds ratio [OR]: 3.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86–7.06; p = 0.002), and higher odds of having elevated α2-antiplasmin (>115.05%; OR: 3.38; 95% CI, 1.64–6.98; p = 0.001).
Conclusion Patients who experienced DVT despite thromboprophylaxis following lower limb trauma display a strongly prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype, including increased clot density and hypofibrinolysis associated with higher plasma α2-antiplasmin.
Role of TGR5 (GPBAR1) in Liver Disease
Authors: Häussinger Dieter , Keitel Verena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTGR5 (GPBAR1) is a G protein–coupled receptor activated by primary and secondary bile acids, which is expressed in different nonparenchymal cells of the liver, such as sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, cholangiocytes as well as activated hepatic stellate cells. In liver, TGR5 modulates microcirculation, inflammation, regeneration, biliary secretion and proliferation as well as gallbladder filling. Absence of TGR5 renders mice more susceptible toward infectious, inflammatory, metabolic as well as cholestatic liver injuries. It is unknown whether TGR5 plays a role in the pathogenesis of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cholestatic liver diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis. However, overexpression of TGR5 has been detected in human intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as in cystic cholangiocytes, where the receptor promotes cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis as well as cyst growth. While TGR5 agonists may improve various aspects of metabolic, inflammatory, and cholestatic liver diseases, TGR5 inhibitors may attenuate disease progression in polycystic liver disease and cholangiocarcinoma.
Epidemiologic and Genotypic Distribution of Noroviruses Among Children With Acute Diarrhea and Healthy Controls in a Low-income Rural Setting
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Enayet , Rahman Rajibur , Ali Sk Imran , Islam Md Muzahidul , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Barclay Leslie , Vinjé Jan , Rahman Mustafizur 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNoroviruses are the most common cause of epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. The burden of norovirus disease in low-income settings is poorly understood.MethodsWe tested stool samples from children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea who were admitted in a rural hospital in Bangladesh from 2010–2012 and from matched, healthy controls from the same catchment area.ResultsNorovirus was detected in 109 (18%) of 613 children with diarrhea and in 30 (15%) of 206 healthy controls. Most (n = 118; 85%) norovirus infections belonged to genogroup II (GII). Of these, GII.4 viruses were identified in 36 (33%) of the cases and in 6 (21%) of the controls. Other major genotypes included GII.3 (13%), GII.6 (11%), and GII.13 (11%) in the cases and GII.6 (17%) and GII.2 (14%) in the controls. The greatest risk of severe norovirus disease (Vesikari score ≥11) was associated with GII.4 infections. GII.4 viruses were the predominant genotype detected during the winter (55%) and rainy season (23%), while GII.3 (19%) and GII.13 (19%) viruses were the most prevalent genotypes during the summer. Vomiting was significantly associated with GII.4 infections, while longer durations of diarrhea were associated with GI.3 infections.ConclusionsFuture studies are needed to understand the high rates of virus shedding in children without AGE symptoms.
Effect of family-oriented diabetes programs on glycemic control: A meta-analysis
Authors: Kodama Satoru , Morikawa Sakiko , Horikawa Chika , Ishii Dai , Fujihara Kazuya , Yamamoto Masahiko , Osawa Taeko , Kitazawa Masaru , Yamada Takaho , Kato Kiminori , Tanaka Shiro , Sone Hirohito 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Efficacy of programs for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that have promoted family members to help with patients’ self-care activities has been largely inconsistent. This meta-analysis aims to assess the effect of family-oriented diabetes programs for glycemic control (GC).

Methods
Electronic literature searches were conducted for clinical trials with a parallel design wherein there were two groups according to whether family members were included (intervention group) or not included (control group) and changes in glycohemoglobin A1C (A1C) were assessed as a study outcome. Each effect size (i.e. difference in A1C change between the intervention and control group) was pooled with a random-effects model.

Results
There were 31 eligible trials consisting of 1466 and 1415 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Pooled A1C change [95% confidence interval (CI)] was −0.45% (−0.64% to −0.26%). Limiting analyses to 21 trials targeted at patients with type 1 DM or 9 trials targeted at patients with type 2 DM, the pooled A1C changes (95% CI) were −0.35% (−0.55% to −0.14%) and −0.71% (−1.09% to −0.33%), respectively.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that focusing on the family as well as the individual patient in self-management diabetes programs to improve the performance of self-care activities of patients with DM is effective in terms of proper GC.
DRMY1, a Myb-Like Protein, Regulates Cell Expansion and Seed Production in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wu Peipei , Peng Mingsheng , Li Zhigang , Yuan Ning , Hu Qian , Foster Cliff E , Saski Christopher , Wu Guohai , Sun Dongfa , Luo Hong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPlant organ development to a specific size and shape is controlled by cell proliferation and cell expansion. Here, we identify a novel Myb-like Arabidopsis gene, Development Related Myb-like1 (DRMY1), which controls cell expansion in both vegetative and reproductive organs. DRMY1 is strongly expressed in developing organs and its expression is reduced by ethylene while it is induced by ABA. DRMY1 has a Myb-like DNA-binding domain, which is predominantly localized in the nucleus and does not exhibit transcriptional activation activity. The loss-of-function T-DNA insertion mutant drmy1 shows reduced organ growth and cell expansion, which is associated with changes in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides. Interestingly, overexpression of DRMY1 in Arabidopsis does not lead to enhanced organ growth. Expression of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis/remodeling, ribosome biogenesis and in ethylene and ABA signaling pathways is changed with the deficiency of DRMY1. Our results suggest that DRMY1 plays an essential role in organ development by regulating cell expansion either directly by affecting cell wall architecture and/or cytoplasmic growth or indirectly through the ethylene and/or ABA signaling pathways.
Daily Physical Activity and Functional Disability Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Makino Keitaro , Lee Sangyoon , Lee Sungchul , Bae Seongryu , Jung Songee , Shinkai Yohei , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
This study examined the association between daily physical activity and functional disability incidence in community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Japanese community.

Subjects
Of the 5,257 participants enrolled for baseline assessment, data on the 693 participants who had chronic lower back or knee pain and underwent daily physical activity assessment using an accelerometer were analyzed.

Methods
Participants were assessed for regular physical activity (step counts, moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity duration, and light-intensity physical activity duration) using an accelerometer at baseline and were followed up for monthly functional disability incidence, based on the national long-term care insurance system, for approximately two years. We determined the effect of physical activity cutoff points on functional disability incidence using receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden index. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze associations between the cutoff points and disability incidence.

Results
Among the 693 participants with chronic pain, 69 (10.0%) developed functional disability during the follow-up period. Participants with lower physical activity levels showed significantly higher risk of disability. After adjusting for all covariates, functional disability was associated with step counts (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–3.14) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity duration (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.16–3.51) but had no relationship with light-intensity physical activity duration (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.97–3.05).

Conclusions
Maintenance of physical activity with at least moderate intensity may be effective in preventing disability even among older adults with chronic pain.
A pooled analysis of three studies of nonpharmacological interventions for menopausal hot flashes
Authors: Avis Nancy E. , Levine Beverly J. , Danhauer Suzanne , Coeytaux Remy R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to conduct a pooled analysis of three published trials of nonpharmacological interventions for menopausal hot flashes to compare the effectiveness of interventions.

Methods:
Data from three randomized controlled trials of interventions for hot flashes (two acupuncture trials, one yoga trial) were pooled. All three studies recruited perimenopausal or postmenopausal women experiencing ≥4 hot flashes/d on average. The primary outcome for all three studies was frequency of hot flashes as measured by the Daily Diary of Hot Flashes. Study 1 participants were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of acupuncture treatments (active intervention), sham acupuncture (attention control), or usual care. Study 2 participants were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of yoga classes, health and wellness education classes (attention control), or waitlist control. Study 3 randomly assigned participants to 6 months of acupuncture or waitlist control. To standardize the time frame for these analyses, only the first 8 weeks of intervention from all three studies were used.

Results:
The three active interventions and the two attention control groups had statistically similar trends in the percentage reduction of hot flashes over 8 weeks, ranging from 35% to 40%. These five groups did not differ significantly from each other, but all showed significantly greater reduction in hot flash frequency compared with the three usual care/waitlist groups.

Conclusion:
Acupuncture, yoga, and health and wellness education classes all demonstrated statistically similar effectiveness in reduction of hot flash frequency compared with controls.
Similar Uptake of 99mTc-MDP and 67Ga-Citrate at the Sites of Metastatic Calcification
Authors: Chen Meng-Ling , Su Hung-Yi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 59-year-old woman presented with fever for 2 weeks. The patient had end-stage renal disease and was undergoing dialysis therapy for 10 years. Plain radiographs revealed extensive calcification in the subcutaneous tissues of the shoulders, thighs, and hips. In this case, 99mTC-MDP bone scan detected all sites of subcutaneous metastatic calcification in one sweep. 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy was also performed and showed similar uptake at the same locations as those revealed by the bone scan, suggesting the existence of an inflammatory process at the sites of metastatic calcification.
Efficiency in South African agriculture: a two-stage fuzzy approach
Authors: Aye Goodness C. , Gupta Rangan , Wanke Peter 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the efficiency of agricultural production in South Africa from 1970 to 2014, using an integrated two-stage fuzzy approach.Design/methodology/approachFuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution is used to assess the relative efficiency of agriculture in South Africa over the course of the years in the first stage. In the second stage, fuzzy regressions based on different rule-based systems are used to predict the impact of socio-economic and demographic variables on agricultural efficiency. They are compared with the bootstrapped truncated regressions with conditionalαlevels proposed in Wankeet al.(2016a).FindingsThe results show that the fuzzy efficiency estimates ranged from 0.40 to 0.68 implying inefficiency in South African agriculture. The results further reveal that research and development, land quality, health expenditure–population growth ratio have a significant, positive impact on efficiency levels, besides the GINI index. In terms of accuracy, fuzzy regressions outperformed the bootstrapped truncated regressions with conditionalαlevels proposed in Wankeet al.(2015).Practical implicationsPolicies to increase social expenditure especially in terms of health and hence productivity should be prioritized. Also policies aimed at conserving the environment and hence the quality of land is needed.Originality/valueThe paper is original and has not been previously published elsewhere.
Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanofluid in a rotating frame
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Aziz Arsalan , Muhammad Taseer , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The aim of this study is to elaborate three dimensional rotating flow of nanoliquid induced by a stretchable sheet subject to Darcy–Forchheimer porous space. Thermophoretic diffusion and random motion aspects are retained. Prescribed surface heat flux and prescribed surface mass flux conditions are implemented at stretchable surface. Convergent series solutions have been derived for velocities, temperature and concentration.

Design/methodology/approach
Optimal homotopy analysis method is implemented for the solution development.

Findings
The current solution demonstrates very good agreement with those of the previously published studies in the special cases of regular fluid and nanofluids. Graphical results are presented to investigate the influences of the titania and copper nanoparticle volume fractions and also the nodal/saddle indicative parameter on flow and heat transfer characteristics. Here, the thermal characteristics of hybrid nanofluid are found to be higher in comparison to the base fluid and fluid containing single nanoparticles, respectively. An important point to note is that the developed model can be used with great confidence to study the flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such consideration has been given in the literature yet.