bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System justification enhances well‐being: A longitudinal analysis of the palliative function of system justification in 18 countries
Authors: Vargas‐Salfate Salvador , Paez Dario , Khan Sammyh S. , Liu James H. , Gil de Zúñiga Homero 
Published: March 2018

According to the palliative function of ideology hypothesis proposed by System Justification Theory, endorsing system‐justifying beliefs is positively related to general psychological well‐being, because this fulfils existential, epistemic, and relational needs. We discuss and address three main issues: (1) the role of societal inequality, (2) comparisons by social status, and (3) cross‐sectional versus longitudinal research. We used a longitudinal survey of representative online samples (N = 5,901) from 18 countries. The results supported the main argument proposed by the theory, in that system justification was positively and significantly related to life satisfaction and negatively related to anxiety and depression. The pattern of results suggested that the palliative function of system justification is more homogeneously distributed across individual and collective measures of social status than proposed by the theory, because the function was unaffected either by society‐level inequality or by individual‐level social status. These results allow us to infer that one of the reasons for the high stability of social arrangements is located in the psychological domain of palliative effects.
Taphonomy of small mammal bone accumulations generated by the Chaco owl (Strix chacoensis, Strigiformes) from the Monte Desert (Mendoza, Argentina): a contribution to South American archaeological and palaeontological studies
Authors: López José Manuel , Fernández Fernando J. , Castillo Leonardo , Pereyra‐Lobos Roberto 
Published: March 2018

The present study analyses the taphonomic features of recent small mammal bone and teeth accumulations recovered from pellets generated by Strix chacoensis in a Natural Protected Area in the central Monte Desert of Mendoza, Argentina. In order to identify the taphonomic signature of this predator in the formation of zooarchaeological and palaeontological accumulations, taxonomic profiles, relative abundances, bone breakage patterns and digestive corrosion were evaluated. Taphonomic results locate S. chacoensis in modification category 2 (intermediate). Although the general taphonomic patterns detected in the present study were similar to a typical owl pattern, some differences from that pattern were detected. This sample showed lesser relative abundances of skeletal elements, greater loss of teeth and a larger number of incisors modified by digestion than those generated by other strigiforms. The comparison with reported archaeological accumulations suggested that the small mammal remains recovered in some sites from the Monte Desert may correspond to the predatory activity of S. chacoensis. The identification of the action of S. chacoensis in archaeological and palaeontological small mammal bone and teeth accumulations is a promising tool to evaluate the conservation status of native forests in the past.
Late therapeutic intervention with a respiratory syncytial virus L‐protein polymerase inhibitor, PC786, on respiratory syncytial virus infection in human airway epithelium
Authors: Brookes Daniel W , Coates Matthew , Allen Heather , Daly Leah , Constant Samuel , Huang Song , Hows Mark , Davis Amanda , Cass Lindsey , Ayrton John , Knowles Ian , Strong Pete , Rapeport Garth , Ito Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2018

Background and PurposeEffective anti‐respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) agents are still not available for clinical use. Current major targets are virus surface proteins, such as a fusion protein involved in viral entry, but agents effective after RSV infection is established are required. Here we have investigated the effects of late therapeutic intervention with a novel inhaled RSV polymerase inhibitor, PC786, on RSV infection in human airway epithelium.Experimental ApproachAir liquid interface‐cultured bronchial or small airway epithelium was infected with RSVA2. PC786 was applied apically or basolaterally once daily following peak virus load on Day 3 post inoculation. Apical wash was collected daily for determination of viral burden by PCR and plaque assay (primary endpoints) and biomarker analyses. The effects were compared with those of ALS‐8112, an anti‐RSV nucleoside analogue, and GS‐5806, a fusion‐protein inhibitor, which were treated basolaterally.Key ResultsLate intervention with GS‐5806 did not show significant anti‐viral effects, but PC786 produced potent, concentration‐dependent inhibition of viral replication with viral load falling below detectable limits 3 days after treatment commenced in airway epithelium. These effects were superior to those of ALS‐8112. PC786 showed inhibitory activities against RSV‐induced increases of CCL5, IL‐6, double‐strand DNA and mucin. The effects of PC786 were also confirmed in small airway epithelium.Conclusion and ImplicationsLate therapeutic intervention with the RSV polymerase inhibitor, PC786, reduced the viral burden quickly in human airway epithelium. Thus, PC786 demonstrates the potential to be an effective therapeutic agent to treat active RSV infection.
Longitudinal Associations Among Child Maltreatment, Resting Frontal Electroencephalogram Asymmetry, and Adolescent Shyness
Authors: Lahat Ayelet , Tang Alva , Tanaka Masako , Van Lieshout Ryan J. , MacMillan Harriet L. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: March 2018

Child maltreatment is linked to distinct neurophysiological patterns and social‐emotional vulnerability. Relations among maltreatment, relative resting frontal alpha asymmetry, shyness, and psychopathology were examined prospectively. Adolescent girls (age 14–16) who experienced child maltreatment (N = 55) were compared to nonmaltreated controls (N = 25), and returned for 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. Among participants exhibiting relative right frontal asymmetry, maltreated adolescents reported higher shyness than controls at Time 1. Low‐stable and high‐stable shyness trajectories were observed for maltreated participants. Compared to low shy, participants in high‐shy trajectory reported at Time 3: higher neuroticism and generalized anxiety; and lower extraversion if they also exhibited relative right frontal asymmetry. Thus, right frontal brain activity and shyness are involved in social‐emotional vulnerability of adolescents who experienced child maltreatment.
Is kinship failing? Views on informal support by families in contact with social services in Ghana
Authors: Manful Esmeranda , Cudjoe Ebenezer 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTraditionally, Ghanaian families facing difficulties address their problems by engaging kin, with the State being the last point of call. However, in recent times, more families facing difficulties are contacting social services to seek redress. So what contribution are kin and other informal social support networks providing to the care and safety of children of such families? This paper presents findings from 15 families receiving services from the Department of Social Welfare in Sekondi, Ghana. Through semistructured in‐depth interviews, the families shared their views on the roles played by their kin and informal social networks in contributing to the care of their children. The study findings suggest that kin still plays a vital role in the support of parenting through imbibing of norms and values; whereas the provision of casual support is provided by nonkin in one's social support network on the basis of reciprocity. Therefore, it was concluded that in developing social welfare policies to ensure better outcomes for children in Ghana attention also has to be placed on the supportive role of the community for families in danger of disruption as there is likely to be limited familial safety net for support in child care.
PencilArt: A Chromatic Penciling Style Generation Framework
Authors: Gao Chengying , Tang Mengyue , Liang Xiangguo , Su Zhuo , Zou Changqing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNon‐photorealistic rendering has been an active area of research for decades whereas few of them concentrate on rendering chromatic penciling style. In this paper, we present a framework named as PencilArt for the chromatic penciling style generation from wild photographs. The structural outline and textured map for composing the chromatic pencil drawing are generated, respectively. First, we take advantage of deep neural network to produce the structural outline with proper intensity variation and conciseness. Next, for the textured map, we follow the painting process of artists to adjust the tone of input images to match the luminance histogram and pencil textures of real drawings. Eventually, we evaluate PencilArt via a series of comparisons to previous work, showing that our results better capture the main features of real chromatic pencil drawings and have an improved visual appearance.
A Kv1.3 channel‐specific blocker alleviates neurological impairment through inhibiting T‐cell activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Yuan Xiao‐Lu , Zhao Yi‐Peng , Huang Jie , Liu Jun‐Chen , Mao Wen‐Qian , Yin Jun , Peng Bi‐Wen , Liu Wan‐Hong , Han Song , He Xiao‐Hua 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAimMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disorder characterized by mistaken attacks of inflammatory cells against the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in demyelination and axonal damage. Kv1.3 channel blockers can inhibit T‐cell activation and have been designed for MS therapy. However, little is known about the effects of Kv1.3 blockers on protecting myelin sheaths/axons in MS. This study aimed at investigating the neuroprotection efficacy of a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker ImKTx88 (ImK) in MS animal model.MethodsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model was established. The neuroprotective effect of ImK was assessed by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the antiinflammatory effect of ImK by suppressing T‐cell activation was assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA in vitro.ResultsOur results demonstrated that ImK administration ameliorated EAE clinical severity. Moreover, ImK increased oligodendrocytes survival, preserved axons, and myelin integrity and reduced the infiltration of activated T cells into the CNS. This protective effect of the peptide may be related to its suppression of autoantigen‐specific T‐cell activation via calcium influx inhibition.ConclusionImK prevents neurological damage by suppressing T‐cell activation, suggesting the applicability of this peptide in MS therapy.
Ethical issues associated with HIV phylogenetics in HIV transmission dynamics research: A review of the literature using the Emanuel Framework
Authors: Mutenherwa Farirai , Wassenaar Douglas R. , de Oliveira Tulio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe reduced costs of DNA sequencing and the use of such data for HIV‐1 clinical management and phylogenetic analysis have led to a massive increase of HIV‐1 sequences in the last few years. Phylogenetic analysis has shed light on the origin, spread and characteristics of HIV‐1 epidemics and outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis is now also being used to advance our knowledge of the drivers of HIV‐1 transmission in order to design effective interventions. However, HIV phylogenetic analysis presents unique ethical challenges, which have not been fully explored. This review presents an analysis of what appear to be key ethical issues in HIV phylogenetics in the hope of stimulating further conceptual and empirical work in this rapidly emerging area. We structure the review using the Emanuel Framework, a systematic, holistic framework, which has been adapted for use in developing countries, which bear the brunt of the HIV‐1 pandemic.
Adult care providers’ perspectives on the transition to adult care for emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Michaud S. , Dasgupta K. , Bell L. , Yale J.‐F. , Anjachak N. , Wafa S. , Nakhla M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess adult diabetes care providers’ current transition practices, knowledge about transition care, and perceived barriers to implementation of best practices in transition care for emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe administered a 38‐item web‐based survey to adult diabetes care providers identified through the Québec Endocrinologist Medical Association and Diabetes Québec.ResultsFifty‐three physicians responded (35%). Fewer than half of all respondents (46%) were familiar with the American Diabetes Association's transition care position statement. Approximately one‐third of respondents reported a gap of >6 months between paediatric and adult diabetes care. Most (83%) believed communication with the paediatric team was adequate; however, only 56% reported receiving a medical summary and 2% a psychosocial summary from the paediatric provider. Respondents believed that the paediatric team should improve emerging adults’ preparation for transition care by developing their self‐management skills and improve teaching about the differences between paediatric and adult‐oriented care. Only 31% had a system for identifying emerging adults lost to follow‐up in adult care. Perceived barriers included difficulty accessing psychosocial services, emerging adults’ lack of motivation, and inadequate transition preparation. Most (87%) were interested in having additional resources, including a self‐care management tool and a registry to track those lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the need to better engage adult care providers into transition care practices. Despite adult physicians’ interest in transition care, implementation of transition care recommendations and resources in clinical care remains limited. Enhanced efforts are needed to improve access to mental health services within the adult healthcare setting.
Infarction of the septomarginal band and tricuspid papillary muscle rupture related to alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sari Munevver , Izgi Cemil , Kahveci Gokhan , Kilicgedik Alev , Bayram Zubeyde , Hatipoglu Suzan , Pala Selcuk , Ozdemir Nihal 
Published: March 2018

We presented a 77‐year‐old man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy applied with flail tricuspid leaflet and severe tricuspid regurgitation leading to right heart failure 2 months after the failed septal ablation. The ruptured anterior tricuspid papillary muscle resulted from infarction of the base of anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle (RV) confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. As the septomarginal band is frequently lit up by intracoronary contrast that particular attention should be paid to the RV papillary muscles. And, if the papillary muscles or the RV free wall is brightened, then the use of that septal artery should be avoided.
The role of intraoperative epicardial echocardiography in pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Ozturk Erkut , Cansaran Tanidir Ibrahim , Ayyildiz Pelin , Gokalp Selman , Candas Kafali Hasan , Sahin Murat , Ergul Yakup , Haydin Sertac , Guzeltas Alper 
Published: March 2018

AimOur aim was to evaluate the findings and the role of intraoperative epicardial echocardiography (IEE) in the management of pediatric cardiac surgery patients.MethodsPatients evaluated with IEE between December 2015 and December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic data, preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and IEE reports were evaluated.ResultsA total of 410 patients evaluated by IEE were included in the study. Of these, 52% were women, and 48% were men. The median age was 8.5 months (range: 1 month–7 years), and median body weight was 7.1 kg (range: 3.3–61 kg). The most common diagnoses were tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n = 148), ventricular septal defect (VSD; n = 117), atrial septal defect (ASD; n = 57), and complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD; n = 48). There were minor residual lesions not requiring reestablishment of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 16.6% (n = 68), while major residual lesions requiring return to CPB were determined in 5.1% (n = 21). Major residual lesions were detected in 7 patients with TOF (4 severe right ventricular outflow tract obstructions, 2 pulmonary artery stenosis, 1 residual VSD shunt), 6 patients with VSD (hemodynamically significant residual shunts), and 5 patients with complete AVSD (3 left atrioventricular valve regurgitations, 1 right atrioventricular valve regurgitation, 1 left ventricular outflow tract obstruction). Transient bradycardia was observed in 5 patients.ConclusionIntraoperative epicardial echocardiography provides good guidance during congenital heart surgery. IEE helps to clarify the surgical planning and decreases morbidity and mortality due to unnecessary invasive procedures, especially for pathologies involving the pulmonary artery and its branches, as well as for apical ventricular septal defects.
Usefulness of The C‐Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio for Predicting No‐Reflow in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Karabağ Yavuz , Çağdaş Metin , Rencuzogullari Ibrahim , Karakoyun Süleyman , Artaç İnanç , İliş Doğan , Yesin Mahmut , Çağdaş Öznur Sadioğlu , Altıntaş Bernas , Burak Cengiz , Tanboğa Halil Ibrahim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe ratio of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) to albumin has been proven to be a more accurate indicator than albumin and CRP levels alone in determining the prognosis of patients with cancer and critical illness. The aim of this study was to determine whether the CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) can be linked to imperfect reperfusion that can worsen the prognosis of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).Materials and methodsA total of 1217 consecutive STEMI patients who achieved epicardial vessel patency with pPCI were recruited to this study.ResultsThe study population was divided into 2 groups: reflow (n = 874) and no‐reflow (NR) (n = 343) groups. The white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CAR (0.03 [0.01‐0.04] vs 0.06 [0.03‐0.12] (P < .001) were significantly higher in the NR group than in the reflow group, and these factors were found to be independent predictors of NR development. The best cut‐off value of CAR predicting NR was 0.59 with a sensitivity of 54.7% and specificity of 86.7. The predictive power of CAR surpassed that of CRP, albumin, WBC count and NLR in the receiver operator curve (ROC) curve comparison.ConclusionNo‐reflow can be predicted by systemic inflammation markers including WBC count, NLR and CAR measured from the blood sample obtained on admission. CAR has a higher clinical value than CRP, albumin level, WBC count and NLR in NR prediction.
Energy efficiency in transition economies
Authors: Carvalho António 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article outlines and estimates a measure of underlying efficiency in electricity consumption for an unbalanced panel of 27 transition economies and 6 European OECD countries between 1994 and 2007. A Bayesian Generalized True Random Effects stochastic frontier model with persistent and transient inefficiency is considered by estimating an aggregate electricity demand function that leads to consumption efficiency scores, giving further insights than a simple analysis of energy intensity. There is evidence of convergence between the CIS countries and a block of Eastern European and OECD countries, although other country groups do not follow this tendency, such as the Balkans.
Dimethyl phthalate altered the microbial metabolic pathways in a Mollisol
Authors: Wang Z. G. , You Y. M. , Xu W. H. , Chen W. J. , Zeng J. , Zhao X. S. , Su Y. P. , Wu L. Y. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDimethyl phthalate (DMP), a member of the phthalate esters (PAEs), is a common contaminant and frequently detected in soil. In this study, metagenomics revealed that DMP contamination in a Mollisol led to alterations in biological genomes and pathways identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The results of functional annotation with pathway information demonstrated that genes involved in metabolism and signal regulatory pathways were changed in soil contaminated with DMP. Genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, carbon metabolism (glycolysis, the citrate cycle and pentose phosphate pathway) and signal regulatory pathways (apoptosis pathway, adipocytokine signalling pathway and glutamatergic synapse signal pathways) were more abundant under DMP contamination in the Mollisol. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) assays also showed that copies of genes associated with DMP degradation, pcmA, pehA, phtAb, phtB and phtC, correlated positively with the concentration of DMP. The results also suggested that the acceleration of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in the Mollisol by DMP contamination arose from altering the signal regulatory pathways. This is one of the most damaging mechanisms for microorganisms; therefore, DMP contamination will adversely affect the ecosystem in the Mollisol.Highlights
How can DMP contamination alter the metabolic pathways of microorganisms in a Mollisol?
Changes in microbial metabolism under DMP contamination were estimated by metagenomics.
DMP accelerated N and C metabolism by altering the signal pathways.
DMP could disrupt the ecological balance by altering metabolism in a Mollisol.
Determination of quantitative pore‐size distribution of soils with 1H NMR relaxometry
Authors: Meyer M. , Buchmann C. , Schaumann G. E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe determination of pore‐size distribution (PSD) in soil by conventional methods can be time‐ and effort‐consuming. Therefore, several attempts have been made recently to assess and implement proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry (1H NMR relaxometry) to determine PSDs quantitatively. The 1H NMR relaxometry promises not only to be more time‐ and effort‐saving but also offers a broader range for the estimation of pore size, better resolved results and non‐destructive measurements. To evaluate these possibilities, we tested the extent to which a single calibration curve for the estimation of surface relaxivity of soil, derived from seven soil samples, can be applied to unknown soils. For validation, the quantitative PSDs of seven additional soil samples were determined from the distributions of NMR relaxation times of water saturated samples using this calibration curve; they were compared with their classical water retention curves (WRCs). In general, the quantitative PSDs determined by this approach described the classical WRCs quite well. The best results were obtained for sandy, silty and loam soils. The largest differences were for soils with large clay (47%) and SOM contents (10 and 21%). Our results suggest that these differences derive from swelling processes.Highlights

Can NMR relaxometry be used to quantify soil pore‐size distribution without individual calibration?
Soil pore size assessment by NMR is fast, detailed and independent of conventional methods
NMR method describes the pore‐size distribution of various soil types and soil compositions.
NMR method can assess quantitative effects of SOM and swelling of clay in soil.