bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Κοραής και Michaelis: Η δημοκρατία της γλώσσας
Authors: Σφοίνη Αλεξάνδρα 
Published: September 2019

CORAY ET MICHAELIS: LA DÉMOCRATIE DE LA LANGUE L’article présente tout d’abord l’ouvrage de l'érudit allemand Johann David Michaelis Beantwortung der Frage der von dem Einfluss Meinungen eines Volkes en Seine Sprache, und der Sprache in die Meinungen (Berlin 1760), qui puise ses idées dans les théories des philosophes traitant la question de la genèse et de l'évolution de la langue (Wolf, Leibniz et Condillac). Ensuite, est exposée sa réception par Coray, telle qu’elle apparaît dans le Prologue de la quatrième partie de l’édition de Plutarque (1812), où sont insérés en notes neuf extraits de la traduction française de l’essai de Michaelis, dont le titre est indiqué mais pas le nom de l'auteur. Coray emprunte à Michaelis l'idée centrale que les érudits ne peuvent être haussés au rang de législateurs de la langue que par la décision de la nation tout entière, parce que la langue est un "État démocratique". Enfin, on examine les idées sur la langue de Coray par rapport à celles des Idéologues et des autres savants grecs, ainsi que le concept de la "voie du milieu" qu’il défendait. Alexandra Sfoini
Factors that influence family and parental preferences and decision making for unscheduled paediatric healthcare: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nicholson Emma , McDonnell Therese , Hamza Moayed , Barrett Michael , Brunsdon Christopher , Bury Gerard , Charlton Martin , Collins Claire , Deasy Conor , De Brun Aoife , Fitzsimons John , Galligan Marie , Hensey Conor , Kiernan Fiona , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: September 2019

There is a plethora of factors that dictate where parents and families choose to seek unscheduled healthcare for their child; and the complexity of these decisions can present a challenge for policy makers and healthcare planners as these behaviours can have a significant impact on resources in the health system. The systematic review will seek to identify the factors that influence parents’ and families’ preferences and decision making when seeking unscheduled paediatric healthcare. Five databases will be searched for published studies (CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycInfo, EconLit) and grey literature will also be searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied and articles assessed for quality. A narrative approach will be used to synthesise the evidence that emerges from the review. By collating the factors that influence decision-making and attendance at these services, the review can inform future health policies and strategies seeking to expand primary care to support the provision of accessible and responsive care. The systematic review will also inform the design of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) which will seek to determine parental and family preferences for unscheduled paediatric healthcare. Policies that seek to expand primary care and reduce hospital admissions from emergency departments need to be cognisant of the nuanced and complex factors that govern patients’ behaviour.
Exploring student nurses' and their link lecturers' experiences of reasonable adjustments in clinical placement
Authors: King Liz 
Published: September 2019

Background: student nurses who attend preregistration nursing programmes in the UK are assessed on their academic work and their performance in clinical placement. Some of them require reasonable adjustments to be made in order to support their learning. Although there is national guidance on making reasonable adjustments for academic work, information on this associated with clinical placement is limited. The nursing literature reports varying levels of success in facilitating reasonable adjustments in clinical placement. Aim: to explore the experiences of student nurses who require reasonable adjustments and their link lecturers associated with the facilitation of this support in clinical placement. Method: a descriptive phenomenological methodology was adopted. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with seven student nurses and three link lecturers from three fields of nursing (adult, child and mental health). Audiorecorded interview data were transcribed, coded and thematically analysed. Phenomena were identified and discussed, viewed through relevant educational theoretical lenses and in conjunction with nursing research literature. Findings: three main themes emerged: defining reasonable adjustments, supporting students, and being professional. Conclusion: all study participants could define reasonable adjustments and described a variety of experiences of these being facilitated in clinical placement. The process could be complex and depended on many factors that could promote or hinder the provision of support.
Nursing considerations for supporting cancer patients with metastatic spinal cord compression: a literature review
Authors: Troke Rebecca , Andrewes Tanya 
Published: September 2019

Background: metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is an oncology emergency. Prevalence is increasing. Treatment and care are complex and those diagnosed may be faced with life-changing challenges. Aims: to review the impact and management of MSCC in patients with cancer, in order to analyse nursing considerations for supporting patients. Methods: a literature review and thematic analysis of five primary research papers, published between 2009 and 2014. Findings: two themes of prognosis/survival time and independence versus dependence were discovered. Conclusions: the onset of MSCC may result in paralysis and associated loss of independence, impacting on a patient's quality of life. Understanding individuals' prognosis and treatment/care preferences is fundamental for the sensitive, individualised support of patients with MSCC. The findings reinforce the nurses' role in health education, in order to raise awareness of MSCC and promote early diagnosis so that patients maintain function and independence as long as possible. The findings support the need for nurses to be equipped with appropriate communication skills to initiate and engage in sensitive, difficult and proactive conversations with patients and their families, supporting the delivery of humanised care.
In-hospital mortality after hip arthroplasty in China
Authors: Zeng Chao , Lane Nancy E. , Englund Martin , Xie Dongxing , Chen Hu , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Haibo , Lei Guanghua 
Published: September 2019

AimsThere is an increasing demand for hip arthroplasty in China. We aimed to describe trends in in-hospital mortality after this procedure in China and to examine the potential risk factors.Patients and MethodsWe included 210 450 patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty registered in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System in China between 2013 and 2016. In-hospital mortality after hip arthroplasty and its relation to potential risk factors were assessed using multivariable Poisson regression.ResultsDuring the study period, 626 inpatient deaths occurred within 30 days after hip arthroplasty. Mortality decreased from 2.9% in 2013 to 2.6% in 2016 (p for trend = 0.02). Compared with their counterparts, old age, male sex, and divorced or widowed patients had a higher rate of mortality (all p < 0.05). Risk ratio (RR) for mortality after arthroplasty for fracture was two-fold higher (RR 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 2.6) than that for chronic disease. RRs for mortality were 3.3 (95% CI 2.7 to 3.9) and 8.2 (95% CI 6.5 to 10.4) for patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 1 to 2 and CCI ≥ 3, respectively, compared with patients with CCI of 0. The rate of mortality varied according to geographical region, the lowest being in the East region (1.8%), followed by Beijing (2.1%), the North (2.9%), South-West (3.6%), South-Central (3.8%), North-East (4.1%), and North-West (5.2%) regions.ConclusionWhile in-hospital mortality after hip arthroplasty in China appears low and declined during the study period, discrepancies in mortality after this procedure exist according to sociodemographic factors. Healthcare resources should be allocated more to underdeveloped regions to further reduce mortality. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1209–1217
Secondary chondrosarcoma arising from osteochondroma
Authors: Tsuda Yusuke , Gregory Jonathan J. , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Abudu Seggy 
Published: September 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of patients who underwent definitive surgery for secondary chondrosarcomas arising from osteochondromas. Patients and Methods A total of 51 patients with secondary chondrosarcomas occurring from osteochondromas were reviewed. Median age was 36 years (interquartile range (IQR) 15 to 82). Median follow-up was 6.9 years (IQR 2.8 to 10.6). The pelvis was the most commonly affected site (59%). Histological grades were grade I in 35 (69%), grade II in 13 (25%), and grade III in three patients (6%). Results Preoperative biopsy histology correctly predicted the final histological grade in 27% of patients. The ten-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for all patients was 89.4%. Local recurrence occurred in 15 patients (29%), more commonly in pelvic tumours (37%) compared with limb tumours (19%). Four patients with pelvic tumours died from progression of local recurrence. No patient with limb tumours died of disease. Wide/radical margin was associated with improved local recurrence-free survival (p = 0.032) and local recurrence was associated with worse DSS (p = 0.005). Conclusion We recommend that a secondary chondrosarcoma arising from osteochondroma of the pelvis is resected with wide/radical resection margins. The balance between the morbidity of surgery and risk of local recurrence needs to be considered in patients with limb secondary chondrosarcomas. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1313–1320
Dendritic Spikes Expand the Range of Well Tolerated Population Noise Structures
Authors: Poleg-Polsky Alon 
Published: September 2019

The brain operates surprisingly well despite the noisy nature of individual neurons. The central mechanism for noise mitigation in the nervous system is thought to involve averaging over multiple noise-corrupted inputs. Subsequently, there has been considerable interest in identifying noise structures that can be integrated linearly in a way that preserves reliable signal encoding. By analyzing realistic synaptic integration in biophysically accurate neuronal models, I report a complementary denoising approach that is mediated by focal dendritic spikes. Dendritic spikes might seem to be unlikely candidates for noise reduction due to their miniscule integration compartments and poor averaging abilities. Nonetheless, the extra thresholding step introduced by dendritic spike generation increases neuronal tolerance for a broad category of noise structures, some of which cannot be resolved well with averaging. This property of active dendrites compensates for compartment size constraints and expands the repertoire of conditions that can be processed by neuronal populations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNoise, or random variability, is a prominent feature of the neuronal code and poses a fundamental challenge for information processing. To reconcile the surprisingly accurate output of the brain with the inherent noisiness of biological systems, previous work examined signal integration in idealized neurons. The notion that emerged from this body of work is that accurate signal representation relies largely on input averaging in neuronal dendrites. In contrast to the prevailing view, I show that denoising in simulated neurons with realistic morphology and biophysical properties follows a different strategy: dendritic spikes act as classifiers that assist in extracting information from a variety of noise structures that have been considered before to be particularly disruptive for reliable brain function.
Aversive Training Induces Both Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Suppression inDrosophila
Authors: Zhang Xiaofan , Noyes Nathaniel C. , Zeng Jianzhi , Li Yulong , Davis Ronald L. 
Published: September 2019

The α′β′ subtype ofDrosophilamushroom body neurons (MBn) is required for memory acquisition, consolidation and early memory retrieval after aversive olfactory conditioning. However,in vivofunctional imaging studies have failed to detect an early forming memory trace in these neurons as reflected by an enhanced G-CaMP signal in response to presentation of the learned odor. Moreover, whether cellular memory traces form early after conditioning in the mushroom body output neurons (MBOn) downstream of the α′β′ MBn remains unknown. Here, we show that aversive olfactory conditioning suppresses the calcium responses to the learned odor in both α′3 and α′2 axon segments of α′β′ MBn and in the dendrites of α′3 MBOn immediately after conditioning using female flies. Notably, the cellular memory traces in both α′3 MBn and α′3 MBOn are short-lived and persist for <30 min. The suppressed response in α′3 MBn is accompanied by a reduction of acetylcholine (ACh) release, suggesting that the memory trace in postsynaptic α′3 MBOn may simply reflect the suppression in presynaptic α′3 MBn. Furthermore, we show that the α′3 MBn memory trace does not occur from the inhibition of GABAergic neurons via GABAAreceptor activation. Because activation of the α′3 MBOn drives approach behavior of adult flies, our results demonstrate that aversive conditioning promotes avoidance behavior through suppression of the α′3 MBn–MBOn circuit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDrosophilalearn to avoid an odor if that odor is repeatedly paired with electric shock. Mushroom body neurons (MBns) are known to be major cell types that mediate this form of aversive conditioning. Here we show that aversive conditioning causes a reduced response to the conditioned odor in an axon branch of one subtype of the MBn for no more than 30 min after conditioning, and in the dendrites of postsynaptic, MB output neurons (MBOns). Because experimenter-induced activation of the MBOn induces approach behavior by the fly, our data support a model that aversive learning promotes avoidance by suppressing the MBn–MBOn synapses that normally promote attraction.
KONTRIBUSI MODAL SOSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA PASCARELOKASI
Authors: Handoyo Eko 
Published: September 2019

AbstrakArtikel ini membahas kontribusi modal sosial terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan pedagang kaki lima (PKL). Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Semarang. Wilayah PKL yang diteliti adalah jalan Menteri Soepeno. Pemerintah Kota Semarang merelokasi PKL di wilayah Jalan Pahlawan ke jalan Menteri Supeno sebagai bagian dari upaya untuk mewujudkan Kota Semarang sebagai pusat perdagangan dan jasa berskala internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya peran modal sosial bagi pedagang kaki lima untuk bertahan di masa-masa sulit seperti relokasi. PKL yang dipindahkan ke jalan Menteri Soepeno dapat menerima kebijakan pemkot dan berdaptasi secara sosial dan ekonomi dengan lingkungan baru. Modal sosial, utamanya trust dan networking berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pedagang. Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan PKL, pemerintah kota perlu mendukung dan mengembangkan modal sosial yang telah mereka miliki.AbstractThis article discusses the contribution of social capital to the welfare of street vendors (PKL). The study was conducted in the city of Semarang. The subject of study is the street vendors in Menteri Soepeno Street Semarang. Semarang city government relocate the street vendors in the area from Jalan Pahlawan to Menteri Supeno as part of its effort to realize the Semarang city as a center of international trade and services. The result shows the importance of the role of social capital for street traders has to survive in difficult times such as relocation. PKL transferred to the road Soepeno Minister can receive local government policies and adapt socially and economically to the new environment. Social capital, particularly trust and networking contribute to improve the welfare of traders. This study concludes that to improve the welfare of street vendors, the city government needs to support and develop the street vendors social capital.© 2013 Universitas Negeri Semarang
The Impact of State Intervention on Social Capital of Fishermen Community in Small Islands
Authors: Anwar Sakaria J , Kolopaking Lala M , Kinseng Rilus A , Hubeis Aida Vitayala S. 
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to discuss the impact of state intervention on social capital of fishermen community in small islands. The research was conducted in Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar. The data was collected through in-depth interview and limited observation from twelve informants determined by snowball sampling. Questionnaires were also spread to about 40 respondents. The data was then analyzed qualitatively to explain research’s data and facts. The results of the research show that state intervention for the last ten years on small islands communities has impact on various aspects such as the diminishing loyalty and trust among locals to the government. Therefore, the intervention reduce the community’s participation, individually and collectively, in development activities. The situation, in turn, could affect the diminishing political capacity of the locals and government in the implementation of development in the islands. The state intervention, however, strengthened social solidarity, local value practices and the enthusiasm to understand religious values which in turn could tighten the internal bond of a community. This bond can become a potential strength to build communities in small islands. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan dampak intervensi negara pada kapital sosial komunitas nelayan di pulau-pulau kecil. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Makassar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi terbatas dari dua belas informan ditentukan oleh snowball sampling. Kuesioner juga menyebar ke 40 responden. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menjelaskan data penelitian dan fakta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi negara selama sepuluh tahun terakhir pada masyarakat pulau-pulau kecil memiliki dampak pada berbagai aspek seperti, mengurangi loyalitas dan kepercayaan di antara penduduk setempat kepada pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, partisipasi mereka, secara individu dan kolektif, dalam kegiatan pembangunan kurang. Ini akan berakibat pada berkurangnya kapasitas politik penduduk setempat dan kapasitas pemerintah dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan pulau. Kendati demikian intervensi negara juga memperkuat solidaritas sosial, praktek nilai lokal dan semangat untuk memahami nilai-nilai agama yang pada gilirannya dapat memperkuat ikatan internal masyarakat. Ikatan ini selanjutnya dapat menjadi kekuatan potensial untuk membangun masyarakat di pulau-pulau kecil.
KURUMSAL SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK YAKLAŞIMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE İŞLETME-SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞLARI ETKİLEŞİMLERİ: SEBEP VE SONUÇLAR
Authors: BÜK Tuba Bozaykut 
Published: September 2019

Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımının iç içe geçmiş boyutlarını benimsemek ve bu boyutlar kapsamında başarılı bir performans sergileyebilmek için işletmeler, farklı kaynaklara ve ortaklara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Sivil toplum kuruluşları, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik faaliyetlerinin tasarlanmasında ve uygulanmasında işletmeler için önemli bir stratejik ortak haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımına dayanarak işletmelerin sivil toplum kuruluşları ile etkileşime girme nedenleri ile bu etkileşimlerin rekabet avantajı yaratabilecek sonuçları ilgili literatür ve örnek olay analizi çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Önceki araştırmaları destekler nitelikte örnek işletmeler olarak incelenen Turkcell, Vodafone ve Türk Telekom’un sivil toplum kuruluşları ile strateji gerçekleştirme, meşruiyet sağlama, kaynak ve beceriye ulaşma, toplumsal fayda sağlama ve yeni ürün/pazar geliştirme gibi nedenlerle etkileşime girdiği ve bu etkileşimlerden strateji ile sürdürülebilirliği entegre etme, meşruiyet düzeyini ve performansını güçlendirme, marka değerini artırma, kaliteli beşerî kaynağı çekme ve elde tutma, yenilikçilik kabiliyetini geliştirme gibi rekabet avantajı yaratacak sonuçlar elde edebileceği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, çalışmada incelenen işletmelerin en çok sektörel STK’lar ile etkileşime geçtiği, her geçen gün sektörde önemi artan eko-inovasyona yönelik ise oldukça az sayıda etkileşime girdikleri tespit edilmiştir.
TURİZM ŞİRKETLERİNDE HİZMET ÜRETİM MALİYETLERİNİ RAPORLAMA SORUNLARI
Authors: DOĞAN Özlem , ALTINKAYNAK Fırat 
Published: September 2019

Dönemsellik kavramı, sonsuz kabul edilen işletme ömrünün belirli sürelere bölünmesini ve her dönemin faaliyet sonuçlarının diğer dönemlerle karşılaştırılabilir olmasını sağlamaktadır. Dönemsellik kavramı gereği, işletmelerde çeşitli dönem sonu işlemleri yapılmakta olup bunlardan biri de dönem kârının ve üretim maliyetlerinin hesaplanmasıdır. Üretim maliyetlerinin hesaplanmasına yönelik finansal raporlama çerçeveleri üretimin yapıldığı işletmenin niteliğine ve büyüklüğüne göre farklı uygulamalar içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hizmet üretim maliyetlerinin kayıtlara alınmasında Türkiye’de uygulanan finansal raporlama çerçevelerindeki benzer ve farklı yönleri saptamak ve bu uygulama farklılıklarından kaynaklanan maliyet ve kâr farklarını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında hizmet üretim maliyetlerinin muhasebeleştirilmesine yönelik örnek uygulamalar üzerinden muhasebe kayıtları yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, aynı mali büyüklükteki bir konaklama işletmesinde, finansal raporlama çerçevelerindeki uygulama farklılıkları nedeniyle, işletmenin hem üretim maliyetlerinde hem de dönem kârlarında farklı bulgular elde edilmiştir. Maliyet ve kârlılıktaki bu farklılıklar, işletmeden bilgi sağlayacaklar açısından kaotik bir sonucu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu durum, finansal raporların sektörel bazda tutarlı ve karşılaştırılabilir olma özelliklerini de zedelemektedir.
Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009–2017
Authors: Zablotsky Benjamin , Black Lindsey I. , Maenner Matthew J. , Schieve Laura A. , Danielson Melissa L. , Bitsko Rebecca H. , Blumberg Stephen J. , Kogan Michael D. , Boyle Coleen A. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:To study the national prevalence of 10 developmental disabilities in US children aged 3 to 17 years and explore changes over time by associated demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, using the National Health Interview Survey.METHODS:Data come from the 2009 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Parents reported physician or other health care professional diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder; blindness; cerebral palsy; moderate to profound hearing loss; learning disability; intellectual disability; seizures; stuttering or stammering; and other developmental delays. Weighted percentages for each of the selected developmental disabilities and any developmental disability were calculated and stratified by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.RESULTS:From 2009 to 2011 and 2015 to 2017, there were overall significant increases in the prevalence of any developmental disability (16.2%–17.8%, P &lt; .001), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (8.5%–9.5%, P &lt; .01), autism spectrum disorder (1.1%–2.5%, P &lt; .001), and intellectual disability (0.9%–1.2%, P &lt; .05), but a significant decrease for any other developmental delay (4.7%–4.1%, P &lt; .05). The prevalence of any developmental disability increased among boys, older children, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic children, children with private insurance only, children with birth weight ≥2500 g, and children living in urban areas and with less-educated mothers.CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of developmental disability among US children aged 3 to 17 years increased between 2009 and 2017. Changes by demographic and socioeconomic subgroups may be related to improvements in awareness and access to health care.