bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated identification of avian vocalizations with deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ruff Zachary J. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Duchac Leila S. , Padmaraju Bharath K. , Sullivan Christopher M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPassive acoustic monitoring is an emerging approach to wildlife monitoring that leverages recent improvements in automated recording units and other technologies. A central challenge of this approach is the task of locating and identifying target species vocalizations in large volumes of audio data. To address this issue, we developed an efficient data processing pipeline using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to automate the detection of owl vocalizations in spectrograms generated from unprocessed field recordings. While the project was initially focused on spotted and barred owls, we also trained the network to recognize northern saw‐whet owl, great horned owl, northern pygmy‐owl, and western screech‐owl. Although classification performance varies across species, initial results are promising. Recall, or the proportion of calls in the dataset that are detected and correctly identified, ranged from 63.1% for barred owl to 91.5% for spotted owl based on raw network output. Precision, the rate of true positives among apparent detections, ranged from 0.4% for spotted owl to 77.1% for northern saw‐whet owl based on raw output. In limited tests, the CNN performed as well as or better than human technicians at detecting owl calls. Our model output is suitable for developing species encounter histories for occupancy models and other analyses. We believe our approach is sufficiently general to support long‐term, large‐scale monitoring of a broad range of species beyond our target species list, including birds, mammals, and others.
Reduction of Metal Ion Content in Jatropha Biodiesel by Ion Exchange
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Chen Yong , Li Fashe , Li Ying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study is focused on the optimization and decreasing the metal ion content in jatropha biodiesel using an ion exchange resin. The changes in the organic composition of jatropha oil biodiesel were measured by GCMS before and after passing the biodiesel over the ion exchange resin. The chelating efficiency of ion exchange resin on metal ions, including potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium, in jatropha biodiesel either treated with different oleic acid content or having different oxidation degrees was evaluated. The results showed that the ion exchange resin can effectively decrease the metal ions content in jatropha biodiesel without producing harmful substances to environment and human body. Moreover, the increase in oleic acid content and oxidation in Jatropha biodiesel affects the ability of ion exchange resins to sequester metal ions.
Cyclodextrin‐Calixarene Nanosponges as Potential Platforms for pH‐Dependent Delivery of Tetracycline
Authors: Fontana Rosa Maria , Milano Nicola , Barbara Lorenzo , Di Vincenzo Antonella , Gallo Giuseppe , Meo Paolo Lo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFour mixed cyclodextrin‐calixarene nanosponges were tested as possible Drug Delivery Systems, using Tetracycline antibiotic as a suitable model drug. The selected nanosponges featured a different composition ratio between the two host co‐monomer components, and the possible presence of ionisable amine or carboxyl groups deriving from chemical post‐modification. The pH‐dependent absorption and release abilities of the materials were verified; in particular release kinetics showed the occurrence of a simple first‐order profile. The antibacterial activity of nanosponge‐tetracycline composites suitably prepared under sterile conditions was assayed towards both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative typical bacterial strains, showing in some cases an interesting improvement of the biocidal activity.
Nanosize Cation‐Disordered Rocksalt Oxides: Na2TiO3–NaMnO2 Binary System
Authors: Kobayashi Tokio , Zhao Wenwen , Rajendra Hongahally Basappa , Yamanaka Keisuke , Ohta Toshiaki , Yabuuchi Naoaki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo realize the development of rechargeable sodium batteries, new positive electrode materials without less abundant elements are explored. Enrichment of sodium contents in host structures is required to increase the theoretical capacity as electrode materials, and therefore Na‐excess compounds are systematically examined in a binary system of Na2TiO3–NaMnO2. After several trials, synthesis of Na‐excess compounds with a cation disordered rocksalt structure is successful by adapting a mechanical milling method. Among the tested electrode materials, Na1.14Mn0.57Ti0.29O2 in this binary system delivers a large reversible capacity of ≈200 mA h g−1, originating from reversible redox reactions of cationic Mn3+/Mn4+ and anionic O2−/On− redox confirmed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Holes in oxygen 2p orbitals, which are formed by electrochemical oxidation, are energetically stabilized by electron donation from Mn ions. Moreover, reversibility of anionic redox is significantly improved compared with a former study on a binary system of Na3NbO3–NaMnO2 tested as model electrode materials.
Metal Nanoclusters Stabilized by Selenol Ligands
Authors: Kang Xi , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed great advances in controllable synthesis, structure determination, and property investigation of metal nanoclusters. Selenolated nanoclusters, a special branch in the nanocluster family, have attracted great interest in these years. The electronegativity and atomic radius of selenium is different from sulfur, and thus the selenolated nanoclusters are anticipated to display different electronic/geometric structures and distinct chemical/physical properties relative to their thiolated analogues. This review covers the syntheses, structures, and properties of selenolated nanoclusters (including Au, Ag, Cu, and alloy nanoclusters). Ligand effects (between SeR and SR) on nanocluster properties, including optical absorption, stability, and electrochemical properties, are disclosed as well. At the end of the review, a scope for improvements and future perspectives of selenolated nanoclusters is highlighted. The review hopefully opens up new horizons for cluster scientists to synthesize more selenolated nanoclusters with novel structures and properties. This review is based on publications available up to May 2019.
Micro‐/Nanostructured Interface for Liquid Manipulation and Its Applications
Authors: Zuo Yinxiu , Zheng Liuzheng , Zhao Chao , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between liquid manipulation and micro‐/nanostructured interfaces has gained much attention due to the wide potential applications in many fields, such as chemical and biomedical assays, environmental protection, industry, and even daily life. Much work has been done to construct various materials with interfacial liquid manipulation abilities, leading to a range of interesting applications. Herein, different fabrication methods from the top‐down approach to the bottom‐up approach and subsequent surface modifications of micro‐/nanostructured interfaces are first introduced. Then, interactions between the surface and liquid, including liquid wetting, liquid transportation, and a number of corresponding models, together with the definition of hydrophilic/hydrophobic, oleophilic/olephobic, the definition and mechanism of superwetting, including superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, and superoleophobicity, are presented. The micro‐/nanostructured interface, with major applications in self‐cleaning, antifogging, anti‐icing, anticorrosion, drag‐reduction, oil–water separation, water collection, droplet (micro)array, and surface‐directed liquid transport, is summarized, and the mechanisms underlying each application are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this area are included.
Fostering Effective Connections Between Academic and Student Affairs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: From “Career Pathways” to Collaborative Partnerships
Authors: Strayhorn Terrell L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents a new model for fostering effective, collaborative partnerships between academic and student affairs at Minority‐Serving Institutions, using an illustrative case study from a historically Black college/university (HBCU) located in Tennessee. After laying the context for collaborations in higher education, the author presents core concepts that may represent an integrated model of collaborative partnerships and describes how it applies to the United Negro College Fund‐funded Career Pathway Initiative at an HBCU.
The Influence of Tribal Colleges and Universities on Native American Student Persistence
Authors: Bryan Rachel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter explains how and why Tribal College and University (TCU) enrollment positively influences Native American student persistence in mainstream four‐year institutions. It also explores existing partnerships between TCUs and mainstream four‐year institutions that could help to improve the transfer process, and overall, Native American student persistence. The ways in which academic and student affairs can partner creatively are emphasized throughout.
Flatulence After Anti‐reflux Treatment (FAART) Study
Authors: Cockbain A. J. , Parameswaran R. , Watson D. I. , Bright T. , Thompson S. K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFlatulence is known to be a common side effect of laparoscopic fundoplication, yet the true incidence is unclear and its impact on patients’ quality of life not well understood. This study aimed to assess the long‐term incidence of flatulence, and its effect on quality of life, following fundoplication.MethodsAll patients who underwent primary laparoscopic fundoplication between 1999 and 2009 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database. A cross‐sectional analysis of post‐operative gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life was performed using a symptom‐specific questionnaire. Statistical analysis of outcomes stratified by sex and type of fundoplication was performed.Results462 eligible patients were identified from the database, with follow‐up obtained in 265 (57%). Median age at surgery was 53 (22–78) years. 137 patients (52%) were female. 138 (52%) underwent a 360° fundoplication, the remainder a partial fundoplication. At median follow‐up of 11 (8–15) years, excessive flatulence was reported by 85%. Only 12% reported an adverse impact on social life, and 11% an adverse impact on quality of life. Flatulence was worse following a total than partial fundoplication, women reported more gas‐related symptoms than men, yet neither sex nor wrap type had a significant impact on social life or quality of life.ConclusionsThe majority of patients report excessive flatulence at long‐term follow‐up after anti‐reflux surgery, yet the impact on social life and quality life was small. There was no evidence to support tailoring of wrap type by sex to avoid gas‐related symptoms. The authors advocate that all patients understand the inevitable side effects of fundoplication to help manage expectations from surgery.
Consequences of Moral Transgressions: How Regulatory Focus Orientation Motivates or Hinders Moral Decoupling
Authors: Cowan Kirsten , Yazdanparast Atefeh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHow can firms mitigate the impact of moral violations on consumer evaluations? This question has pervaded the business ethics literature. Though prior research has identified decoupling as a moral reasoning strategy where consumers separate moral judgments from evaluations (avoiding moral compromise and dissonance), it is unclear what motivates individuals to decouple. It is the objective of this research to explore regulatory focus theory (i.e., a framework examining consumer mindsets as prevention or promotion orientated) as a motivating factor for moral decoupling. Three experiments are undertaken. Study one demonstrates that with a prevention mindset (e.g., analytical thinking) as opposed to promotion mindset (e.g., feeling-based thinking), moral decoupling can be achieved. Specifically, those in a prevention mindset report more favorable evaluations when information about a violation explicitly lowers (vs. does not lower) consequences of moral violations. However, when the violation is related to the business functionality of the brand, those in a prevention (vs. promotion) mindset report less favorable evaluations, except when consequences are lowered. This indicates an inability to decouple (studies 2–3), and results in negative emotions (study 3). The research shows that inability to decouple for those in a prevention mindset leads to negative emotions, lowering evaluations. These results contribute to the moral reasoning literature by linking regulatory focus to decoupling strategies. Further, the research bridges literature on norm activation, moral foundation, regulatory focus, and moral decoupling to reconcile theoretical differences in judgment styles. Implications for businesses and brands are discussed.
Trust Issues and Engaged Buddhism: The Triggers for Skillful Managerial Approaches
Authors: Vu Mai Chi , Tran Trang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs a transitional economy, Vietnam has undergone tremendous changes over recent decades within a ‘fusion’ context that blends both traditional and modern values from its complex history. However, few studies have explored how contemporary issues in the context of Vietnam have brought both obstacles and skillful initiatives to managerial approaches to doing business. We draw on the concepts of social trust and institutional theory to explore how informal institutions such as religious forces can contribute to the development of individual trust and whether individuals are willing to extend trust beyond familial networks. We contribute to the notion of a moral conception of trust by exploring how Buddhism in particular has initiated distinctive managerial approaches in the context of Vietnam, in response to dilemmas of social trust. Our findings highlight that as an informal institution, engaged Buddhism yields significant impact on the formation of social trust. We carried out in-depth interviews in Vietnam with 33 organizational leaders who were Buddhist practitioners, using thematic analysis to elucidate our findings and arguments. The study reveals how the incorporation of Buddhist principles has fostered context-sensitive, non-extreme, and reflexive managerial approaches to enhance morality as a response to social trust issues.
Effect of natural fractures on determining closure pressure
Authors: Nadimi S. , Forbes B. , Moore J. , McLennan J. D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Utah FORGE reservoir, eight pressure transient tests (microhydraulic fracturing and DFIT™) show natural fracture/pressure-dependent leakoff. This behavior may lead to misinterpretation of the closure pressure (proxy for minimum principal stress). The closure pressures obtained from DFIT™ (or microhydraulic fracturing) testing may reflect shear failure along natural fractures or discontinuities rather than tensile failure and lead to inaccurate estimates of the minimum principal stress. In pressure tests conducted at the Utah FORGE site showed that reactivation or opening of natural fractures intersecting the wellbore and were suggested by multiple closure events in DFIT™ tests. In addition, comparisons between the pre- and post-well-tests FMI logs show that there are populations of induced fracture and reactivated natural fractures which are mostly vertical and sub-vertical. In this study, DFIT™ (or microhydraulic fracturing) test analysis and numerical simulations were used to suggest that hydraulic shearing of critically stressed natural fractures can contribute to multiple closure signatures and possibly lead to incorrect determination of the minimum principal stress. As other authors have previously advocated, the DFIT™ test analyses and numerical simulations suggest that better estimations of minimum principal stress may be derived by injecting at relatively high rate and pressure and insuring that tensile breakdown is reached. In addition, extended shut-in period is required to determine accurate reservoir characteristics and fluid flow regime.
Application of variance-based sensitivity analysis in modeling oil well productivity and injectivity
Authors: Ahmed Quosay A. , Nimir Hassan B. , Ayoub Mohammed A. , Mohyaldinn Mysara Eissa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWell intervention performed on oil or gas well often involves the injection of different stimulating fluids or chemical solutions that aims to increase the production rate. The main objective of this paper is to identify the effect of uncertainty in different variables and parameters used to quantify well productivity and injectivity. Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to develop probabilistic models for radial Darcy’s inflow on the one hand and near wellbore water-based chemical injection on the other hand. The probabilistic model is based on assigning probability density function for all variables and parameters used in the governing formulas. Variance-based sensitivity analysis (VBSA) was performed to quantify the contribution and the correlation between different model’s inputs and outputs. Results indicate that some rough assumptions for about 60% of injectivity model’s parameters and factors, i.e., value with considerable error/uncertainty, can still result in output with small standard deviation in comparison with other parameters. In Darcy’s law, the uncertainty in reservoir pressure value affects the calculated flow rate two times higher than the effect of the formation of permeability or produced fluid viscosity. At low drawdown condition, about 50% of Darcy’s flow variance is caused by the uncertainty in reservoir pressure input value. Throughout VBSA, it is also found that data accuracy of variables and parameters used in the injectivity model is not of importance as for formation permeability, injected fluid viscosity, pressure, and temperature of the injected fluid. Application of this methodology will focus on the cost of information needed by the decision makers and will save a lot of efforts and resources needed to apply confirmation tests or to validate different data sets.
Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications
Authors: Miao Pei , Wang Jian , Zhang Congcong , Sun Mingyuan , Cheng Shanshan , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can perceive and respond to complex environmental stimulations. Recently, the development of electronic skin (E-skin) for the mimicry of the human sensory system has drawn great attention due to its potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems, advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, and human–machine interfaces. Tactile sense is one of the most important senses of human skin that has attracted special attention. The ability to obtain unique functions using diverse assembly processible methods has rapidly advanced the use of graphene, the most celebrated two-dimensional material, in electronic tactile sensing devices. With a special emphasis on the works achieved since 2016, this review begins with the assembly and modification of graphene materials and then critically and comprehensively summarizes the most advanced material assembly methods, device construction technologies and signal characterization approaches in pressure and strain detection based on graphene and its derivative materials. This review emphasizes on: (1) the underlying working principles of these types of sensors and the unique roles and advantages of graphene materials; (2) state-of-the-art protocols recently developed for high-performance tactile sensing, including representative examples; and (3) perspectives and current challenges for graphene-based tactile sensors in E-skin applications. A summary of these cutting-edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high-quality tactile sensing devices and paves a path for their future commercial applications in the field of E-skin.
Braak neurofibrillary tangle staging prediction from in vivo MRI metrics
Authors: Dallaire‐Théroux Caroline , Beheshti Iman , Potvin Olivier , Dieumegarde Louis , Saikali Stephan , Duchesne Simon ,   National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease diagnosis requires postmortem visualization of amyloid and tau deposits. As brain atrophy can provide assessment of consequent neurodegeneration, our objective was to predict postmortem neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) from in vivo MRI measurements.MethodsAll participants with neuroimaging and neuropathological data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and the Rush Memory and Aging Project were selected (n = 186). Two hundred and thirty two variables were extracted from last MRI before death using FreeSurfer. Nonparametric correlation analysis and multivariable support vector machine classification were performed to provide a predictive model of Braak NFT staging.ResultsWe demonstrated that 59 of our MRI variables, mostly temporal lobe structures, were significantly associated with Braak NFT stages (P< .005). We obtained a 62.4% correct classification rate for discrimination between transentorhinal, limbic, and isocortical groups.DiscussionStructural neuroimaging may therefore be considered as a potential biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease–associated neurofibrillary degeneration.
Dementia in Aboriginal people in Residential Aged Care Facilities in Alice Springs: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Hocking Bruce , Lowe Michael , Nagel Tricia , Phillips Caroline , Lindeman Melissa , Farthing Annie , Jensen Heather , Cass Alan , Dingwall Kylie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:A high prevalence of dementia among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders has been reported but knowledge of underlying causes and associations remains limited.Objective:To identify the prevalence of factors that may be associated with the categories of Major neurocognitive disorders (Major NCDs) in Aboriginal people living in residential aged care facilities in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (NT).Design and Setting:This descriptive cross-sectional study analysed clinical file and cognitive assessment data of participants who were identified as having cognitive impairment between January and June 2016.Method:Screening for the presence of cognitive impairment using the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA) was undertaken and 58 of 84 Aboriginal people were admitted to the study. Using a clinical file audit, diagnoses of Major NCDs consistent with the DSM-5 classification were made and the prevalence of factors possibly associated with these diagnoses described.Results:Fifty of the 58 participants were diagnosed with a Major NCD. The most frequent diagnoses were Major NCD due to vascular disease (30%), Major NCD due to Alzheimer’s Disease (26%) and Major NCD due to brain injury (20%). Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and alcohol misuse were commonly reported together with hypothyroidism, hypoglycaemia and vitamin D deficiency.Conclusion(s):This study identified possible associations with Major NCDs in this population as well as a different spread of Major NCD diagnoses to previous studies in Aboriginal populations. There is a need for further research to understand the causes of dementia in Australian Aboriginal people and to use this information to appropriately tailor treatment and prevention programmes.