bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to a Symposium on The Limitations of the Open Mind
Authors: Ballantyne Nathan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractI introduce the book symposium on Jeremy Fantl's The Limitations of the Open Mind. The symposium began as a session at the 2023 American Philosophical Association meeting in Montreal; it features replies to Fantl's book by Nathan Ballantyne and Miriam Schleifer McCormick with replies to the replies by Fantl.
Enquête, questions et actions
Authors: Guilielmo Benoit 
Published: November 2024

RésuméCet article vise à élucider la nature de l'enquête. Je présente tout d'abord les desiderata communs à toute théorie de l'enquête. Je catégorise ensuite l'enquête comme un processus structuré en me concentrant sur ses composantes essentielles : des attitudes de questionnement guidant des actions. Enfin, je me penche sur l'objection récente selon laquelle les attitudes de questionnement ne sont pas nécessaires à l'enquête. Je défends la thèse selon laquelle l'enquête est un processus structuré essentiellement constitué d'attitudes de questionnement ayant deux rôles fonctionnels précis, soit d'initier et de guider le déploiement de capacités cognitives en vue d'un but épistémique.
A novel shiga toxigenic E. coli sequence type harbouring multidrug resistance isolated from raw milk
Authors: Nampoothiri Anjali Karunatt , Kalyanikkutty Sudha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objective was to examine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactam (ESBL) resistance among Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from raw milk. The findings from disc diffusion analysis and polymerase chain reaction revealed a high occurrence of ESBL resistance, specifically to penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, in isolated STEC strains. Additionally, a distinct sequence type of STEC was also identified in milk through comparative analysis.
Exercise, nutrition and medicine timing in metabolic health: implications for management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Peña Carrillo Brenda J. , Sivasengh Rashmi , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Gabriel Brendan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chrono-medicine considers circadian biology in disease management, including combined lifestyle and medicine interventions. Exercise and nutritional interventions are well-known for their efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes, and metformin remains a widely used pharmacological agent. However, metformin may reduce exercise capacity and interfere with skeletal muscle adaptations, creating barriers to exercise adherence. Research into optimising the timing of exercise has shown promise, particularly for glycaemic management in people with type 2 diabetes. Aligning exercise timing with circadian rhythms and nutritional intake may maximise benefits. Nutritional timing also plays a crucial role in glycaemic control. Recent research suggests that not only what we eat but when we eat significantly impacts glycaemic control, with strategies like time-restricted feeding (TRF) showing promise in reducing caloric intake, improving glycaemic regulation and enhancing overall metabolic health. These findings suggest that meal timing could be an important adjunct to traditional dietary and exercise approaches in managing diabetes and related metabolic disorders. When taking a holistic view of Diabetes management and the diurnal environment, one must also consider the circadian biology of medicines. Metformin has a circadian profile in plasma, and our recent study suggests that morning exercise combined with pre-breakfast metformin intake reduces glycaemia more effectively than post-breakfast intake. In this review, we aim to explore the integration of circadian biology into type 2 diabetes management by examining the timing of exercise, nutrition and medication. In conclusion, chrono-medicine offers a promising, cost-effective strategy for managing type 2 diabetes. Integrating precision timing of exercise, nutrition and medication into treatment plans requires considering the entire diurnal environment, including lifestyle and occupational factors, to develop comprehensive, evidence-based healthcare strategies.
Circadian rhythms, feeding patterns and metabolic regulation: implications for critical care
Authors: Smith Harry A. , Betts James A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Endogenous biological rhythms synchronise human physiology with daily cycles of light-dark, wake-sleep and feeding-fasting. Proper circadian alignment is crucial for physiological function, reflected in the rhythmic expression of molecular clock genes in various tissues, especially in skeletal muscle. Circadian disruption, such as misaligned feeding, dysregulates metabolism and increases the risk of metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes. Such disturbances are common in critically ill patients, especially those who rely on enteral nutrition. Whilst continuous provision of enteral nutrition is currently the most common practice in critical care, this is largely dictated by convenience rather than evidence. Conversely, some findings indicate that intermittent provision of enteral nutrition aligned with daylight may better support physiological functions and improve clinical/metabolic outcomes. However, there is a critical need for studies of skeletal muscle responses to acutely divergent feeding patterns, in addition to complementary translational research to map tissue-level physiology to whole-body and clinical outcomes.
Regional neural functional efficiency across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a transdiagnostic resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Yang Jun , Liu Zhening , Pan Yunzhi , Fan Zebin , Cheng Yixin , Wang Feiwen , Sun Fuping , Wu Guowei , Ouyang Xuan , Tao Haojuan , Yang Jie , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor psychiatric disorders (MPDs) are delineated by distinct clinical features. However, overlapping symptoms and transdiagnostic effectiveness of medications have challenged the traditional diagnostic categorisation. We investigate if there are shared and illness-specific disruptions in the regional functional efficiency (RFE) of the brain across these disorders.MethodsWe included 364 participants (118 schizophrenia [SCZ], 80 bipolar disorder [BD], 91 major depressive disorder [MDD], and 75 healthy controls [HCs]). Resting-state fMRI was used to caclulate the RFE based on the static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and degree centrality and corresponding dynamic measures indicating variability over time. We used principal component analysis to obtain static and dynamic RFE values. We conducted functional and genetic annotation and enrichment analysis based on abnormal RFE profiles.ResultsSCZ showed higher static RFE in the cortico-striatal regions and excessive variability in the cortico-limbic regions. SCZ and MDD shared lower static RFE with higher dynamic RFE in sensorimotor regions than BD and HCs. We observed association between static RFE abnormalities with reward and sensorimotor functions and dynamic RFE abnormalities with sensorimotor functions. Differential spatial expression of genes related to glutamatergic synapse and calcium/cAMP signaling was more likely in the regions with aberrant RFE.ConclusionsSCZ shares more regions with disrupted functional integrity, especially in sensorimotor regions, with MDD rather than BD. The neural patterns of these transdiagnostic changes appear to be potentially driven by gene expression variations relating to glutamatergic synapses and calcium/cAMP signaling. The aberrant sensorimotor, cortico-striatal, and cortico-limbic integrity may collectively underlie neurobiological mechanisms of MPDs.
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ghaemi Shadi , Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida , Jayedi Ahmad , Shab-Bidar Sakineh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impact of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of vitamin D supplementation on depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to December 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on depression and anxiety symptoms in adults. Using a random-effects model, we calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) for each 1000 IU/day vitamin D3 supplementation. The GRADE tool assessed the certainty of evidence. Our analysis included 31 trials with 24189 participants. Each 1000 IU/day vitamin D3 supplementation slightly reduced depressive symptoms in individuals with and without depression (SMD: −0.32, 95% CI −0.43 to −0.22; GEADE = moderate). The effect was more pronounced in those with depressive symptoms (SMD: −0.57, 95% CI −0.69 to −0.44; n = 15). The greatest reduction occurred at 8000 IU/day (SMD: −2.04, 95% CI −3.77 to −0.31). Trials with follow-up ⩽8 weeks (SMD: −0.45, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.20; n = 8) and 8 to ⩽24 weeks (SMD: −0.47, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.24; n = 15) showed stronger effects compared to those lasting 24 to ⩽52 weeks (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.02; n = 5) or longer than 52 weeks (SMD: 0.14, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.44; n = 3) (p group difference <0.001). Vitamin D3 supplementation had no significant effects on anxiety symptoms. In summary, this study suggests that vitamin D3 supplementation may effectively reduce depressive symptoms in short term. Further high-quality trials are warranted for a conclusive assessment of its impact on anxiety.
Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health and social connection with the risk of depression and anxiety
Authors: Huang Xinghe , Liang Jie , Zhang Junyu , Fu Jiayi , Xie Wuxiang , Zheng Fanfan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health with the risk of depression and anxiety and to investigate the joint association of CKM health and social connection with depression and anxiety.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 344 956 participants from the UK Biobank. CKM syndrome was identified as a medical condition with the presence of metabolic risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease, and was classified into five stages (stage 0–4) in this study. Loneliness and social isolation status were determined by self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were applied for analyses.ResultsCompared with participants in stage 0, the HRs for depression were 1.17 (95% CI 1.10–1.25), 1.40 (95% CI 1.33–1.48), and 2.14 (95% CI 1.98–2.31) for participants in stage 1, 2–3, and 4, respectively. Similarly, participants in stage 2–3 (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.14–1.26) and stage 4 (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.51–1.75) had greater risks of incident anxiety. We found additive interactions between loneliness and CKM health on the risk of depression and anxiety. Participants simultaneously reported being lonely and in stage 4 had the greatest risk of depression (HR = 4.44, 95% CI 3.89–5.07) and anxiety (HR = 2.58, 95% CI 2.21–3.01) compared with those without loneliness and in stage 0. We also observed an additive interaction between social isolation and CKM health on the risk of depression.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the importance of comprehensive interventions to improve CKM health and social connection to reduce the disease burden of depression and anxiety.
Using machine learning to determine a functional classifier of reward responsiveness and its association with adolescent psychiatric symptomatology
Authors: Blair Robert James Richard , Bashford-Largo Johannah , Dominguez Ahria , Dobbertin Matthew , Blair Karina S. , Bajaj Sahil 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning (ML) has developed classifiers differentiating patient groups despite concerns regarding diagnostic reliability. An alternative strategy, used here, is to develop a functional classifier (hyperplane) (e.g. distinguishing the neural responses to received reward v. received punishment in typically developing (TD) adolescents) and then determine the functional integrity of the response (reward response distance from the hyperplane) in adolescents with externalizing and internalizing conditions and its associations with symptom clusters.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety nine adolescents (mean age = 15.07 ± 2.30 years, 117 females) were divided into three groups: a training sample of TD adolescents where the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was applied (N = 65; 32 females), and two test groups– an independent sample of TD adolescents (N = 39; 14 females) and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis (major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) & conduct disorder (CD); N = 195, 71 females).ResultsSVM ML analysis identified a hyperplane with accuracy = 80.77%, sensitivity = 78.38% and specificity = 88.99% that implicated feature neural regions associated with reward v. punishment (e.g. nucleus accumbens v. anterior insula cortices). Adolescents with externalizing diagnoses were significantly less likely to show a normative and significantly more likely to show a deficient reward response than the TD samples. Deficient reward response was associated with elevated CD, MDD, and ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsDistinguishing the response to reward relative to punishment in TD adolescents via ML indicated notable disruptions in this response in patients with CD and ADHD and associations between reward responsiveness and CD, MDD, and ADHD symptom severity.
Exploring associations between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems from childhood to adulthood: shared aetiology or possible causal relationship?
Authors: You Yuan , Oginni Olakunle A. , Rijsdijk Fruhling V. , Lim Kai X. , Zavos Helena M. S. , McAdams Tom A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundADHD symptoms are associated with emotional problems such as depressive and anxiety symptoms from early childhood to adulthood, with the association increasing with age. A shared aetiology and/or a causal relationship could explain their correlation. In the current study, we explore these explanations for the association between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems from childhood to adulthood.MethodsData were drawn from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), including 3675 identical and 7063 non-identical twin pairs. ADHD symptoms and emotional symptoms were reported by parents from childhood to adulthood. Self-report scales were included from early adolescence. Five direction of causation (DoC) twin models were fitted to distinguish whether associations were better explained by shared aetiology and/or causal relationships in early childhood, mid-childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence, and early adulthood. Follow-up analyses explored associations for the two subdomains of ADHD symptoms, hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention, separately.ResultsThe association between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems increased in magnitude from early childhood to adulthood. In the best-fitting models, positive genetic overlap played an important role in this association at all stages. A negative causal effect running from ADHD symptoms to emotional problems was also detected in early childhood and mid-childhood. When distinguishing ADHD subdomains, the apparent protective effect of ADHD symptoms on emotional problems in childhood was mostly driven by hyperactivity-impulsivity.ConclusionsGenetic overlap plays an important role in the association between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems. Hyperactivity-impulsivity may protect children from emotional problems in childhood, but this protective effect diminishes after adolescence.
Developing a data analytics toolbox for data-driven product planning: a review and survey methodology
Authors: Panzner Melina , von Enzberg Sebastian , Dumitrescu Roman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The application of data analytics to product usage data has the potential to enhance engineering and decision-making in product planning. To achieve this effectively for cyber-physical systems (CPS), it is necessary to possess specialized expertise in technical products, innovation processes, and data analytics. An understanding of the process from domain knowledge to data analysis is of critical importance for the successful completion of projects, even for those without expertise in these areas. In this paper, we set out the foundation for a toolbox for data analytics, which will enable the creation of domain-specific pipelines for product planning. The toolbox includes a morphological box that covers the necessary pipeline components, based on a thorough analysis of literature and practitioner surveys. This comprehensive overview is unique. The toolbox based on it promises to support and enable domain experts and citizen data scientists, enhancing efficiency in product design, speeding up time to market, and shortening innovation cycles.
An analysis of benefit distributions selected by individuals covered by the PBGC: differences by sex and age
Authors: Clark Robert L. , Pelletier Denis , Ritter Beth M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) becomes the trustee for private defined benefit plans that have defaulted. The PBGC pays retirement benefits as provided by the plan and that are consistent with federal guidelines concerning the type and amounts of distributions. In response to a Freedom of Information Request, the PBGC provided us with relevant information on all individuals who received retirement benefits from the PBGC in the last 10 years, over 250,000 retirees. Individuals requesting payouts from PBGC managed plans have the option of selecting either a single-life annuity or a joint-and-survivor (J&S) annuity. We examine the PBGC distributions chosen over the last decade and how they vary by age at retirement, sex, months of service, and other relevant variables. Key findings indicate that men are much more likely to choose a joint and survivor annuity compared to female claimants, and the difference increases with age. Conditional on selecting a J&S annuity, men are more likely to select a 100 percent survivor's annuity, while women tend to choose a 50 percent survivor's benefit.
Examining the Racial and Gendered Impacts of Police-Initiated Contacts on Help-Seeking
Authors: Zaykowski Heather , Massoudi Aria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is well known that marginalized communities of color, particularly young Black men, are more likely to experience police-initiated contact that other groups. Research suggests that these events contribute to legal cynicism, or the belief that the law and its agencies are ineffective, unwilling to help, and untrustworthy. In turn, cynical orientations limit one’s willingness to call the police to help. However, recent work on marginalized women suggests that despite holding cynical attitudes towards the police, their immediate needs for safety and services supersede these beliefs. The current study examines the racialized and gendered linkages between police-initiated contact and help-seeking outcomes (reporting crime, calling for an emergency, and seeking help from police for non-emergencies). Using data from the Police Public Contact Survey (from the Police Public Contact Survey–2020) results indicate that Black and Hispanic participants were less likely than White participants to seek help. However, Black and Hispanic women were more likely than their male counterparts for calls for help regarding a crime or disturbance. Across all outcomes, police-initiated contact was associated with higher rates of help-seeking. Perceived illegitimacy of street stops reduced the odds of reporting crimes to the police. However, perceived traffic stop illegitimacy was not related to help-seeking. Police initiated contacts and perceptions of legitimacy did not moderate the relationships between demographic variables and help-seeking outcomes. Implications for theories on legal socialization and the impact of police-initiated contacts on help-seeking are discussed.
Whose Priorities? Examining Inequities in Earth Observation Advancements Across Africa
Authors: Nakalembe Catherine , Devereux Taryn , Ginsburg Alana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEarth Observation (EO) technology continues to gain momentum for applications like crop monitoring and food security mapping across Africa. However, the development of these systems and the direction of the sector, even for locally relevant data sets, applications, and solutions, has been and remains largely externally driven. We utilized a database of ”leading organizations” in EO for Machine Learning” and partnerships in African space programs to investigate the landscape of EO for Agriculture in Africa. We analyze key actors based on origin, activities, funding sources, and other factors. Results reveal an imbalance where most African EO activities are directed by non‐African entities, highlighting data sovereignty issues and the need for enhanced local capacity building. Across the EO pipeline, African participation and leadership are limited despite national efforts to launch satellites and expand space programs. Analysis of a sample of organizations involved in the EO sector worldwide showed that 71% had active initiatives focused on the continent, despite only one organization being headquartered locally. Only around 1/3 of active satellites for African countries were contracted locally, and reports show that users face barriers to accessing their data. By mapping participation and funding flows, this research elucidates how African countries can exert greater control over EO data, build sustainable expertise, and harness EO technology to serve national development priorities. As the EO sector evolves rapidly, African voices must help shape the applications and priorities for these powerful technologies.
The Influence of Surface Fluxes on Export of Southern Ocean Intermediate and Mode Water in Coupled Climate Models
Authors: Almeida Lucas , Mazloff Matthew R. , Mata Mauricio M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Southern Ocean (SO) plays a crucial role in the process of sequestering heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and transferring them to the deep ocean. This process is intricately linked to the formation of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), which are pivotal components of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and have a substantial impact on the global climate balance. AAIW and SAMW take shape in specific regions of the Southern Ocean due to the influence of strong winds, buoyancy fluxes, and their effects, such as convection, the development of thick mixed layers, and wind‐driven subduction. These water masses subsequently flow northward, contributing to the ventilation of the intermediate layers within the subtropical gyres. In this study, our focus lies on investigating the regional aspects of AAIW and SAMW transformation in CMIP6 models. We accomplish this by analyzing the relationship between the meridional transport of these water masses and air‐sea fluxes, particularly Ekman pumping, freshwater fluxes, and heat fluxes. Our findings reveal that the highest transformation rates occur in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, with notable values also observed in the southeast Pacific and south of Africa. Additionally, we assess the potential changes in these formation regions under future scenarios projected for the end of the 21st century. Although the patterns of formation regions remain consistent, there is a significant decrease in the transformation process.