bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical and cross-cultural perspectives on Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Blonder Lee Xenakis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting up to 10 million people worldwide according to the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation. Epidemiological and genetic studies show a preponderance of idiopathic cases and a subset linked to genetic polymorphisms of a familial nature. Traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda recognized and treated the illness that Western Medicine terms PD millennia ago, and descriptions of Parkinson’s symptomatology by Europeans date back 2000 years to the ancient Greek physician Galen. However, the Western nosological classification now referred to in English as “Parkinson’s disease” and the description of symptoms that define it, are accredited to British physician James Parkinson, who in 1817 authored The Shaking Palsy. Later in the nineteenth century, French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot re-labeled paralysis agitans “Parkinson’s disease” and over a century of scientific research ensued. This review discusses European, North American, and Asian contributions to the understanding and treatment of PD from ancient times through the twentieth century.
Effectiveness of a generic transition-oriented patient education program in a multicenter, prospective and controlled study
Authors: Menrath Ingo , Ernst Gundula , Szczepanski Rüdiger , Lange Karin , Bomba Franziska , Staab Doris , Muehlan Holger , Thyen Ute 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesFor young people (YP) with a chronic condition growing up is a challenging process. This stage of life is associated with a higher risk for non-adherence, insufficient disease control, acute deteriorations and irregular consultations. Patient education programs can support YP cope with the independent disease management and the transition into adulthood. However, there is a lack of transition-oriented patient education programs for most chronic conditions. In this study, an existing generic transition-oriented education program was expanded by a module for parents and evaluated in a multicenter study all over Germany.MethodsYP with chronic conditions and their parents were quasi-randomized into a control group (CG) and an intervention group (IG). The IG took part in the 1.5-day standardized education program ModuS-T while the CG received treatment as usual. The education program was designed as a compact workshop in a group setting for youth (15–24 years) and their parents. The education program contained youth specific topics such as the transfer to adult care, the influence of disease on the daily life of YP, and other important issues like detachment from parents, occupational career, intimate relationships and family planning. The parent module dealt with the topics transition from child-centered to adult health services, and supporting children to become adults. The program focused on improving competencies relevant for transition and self-management skills of the families. Satisfaction with the program, transition-specific knowledge, transition competencies, patient activation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks.ResultsA total of 300 YP (overall mean age 17.6 years; 47% female; IG = 166, CG = 134) with 12 different conditions and their parents participated in 37 transition programs. The participants were highly satisfied with the program. The program significantly affected transition-specific knowledge, transition competence and patient activation (p < 0.001). There were no effects on HRQoL.ConclusionThe generic transition-oriented education program empowers YP with chronic conditions and their parents in the transition process. Due to a modular approach, the program is successful in a variety of chronic conditions.
An Alternative Approach to Damage Models for Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design
Authors: Theyse Hechter Luciën , Kannemeyer Louw 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The concept of transfer functions is well entrenched in mechanistic-empirical (ME) pavement design and essentially represents the performance component of ME design. Initially, transfer functions were relatively simple linear log-log functions relating some critical pavement response parameter to the number of load repetitions that can be sustained at the level of the critical response parameter before a predefined level of damage is reached. Later, given more advanced computing software, the formulation of transfer functions evolved to include continuous, nonlinear models. However, all these models have one common characteristic in the sense that they all include the number of load repetitions in the model formulation. This requires the use of a “time-hardening” approach to accumulate damage under mixed traffic and environmental conditions in a recursive damage simulation process. Unfortunately, the time-hardening process is associated with large numbers of calculations to evaluate the equivalent number of load repetitions at every instance in which the traffic load or pavement variables change. This article presents an alternative approach to the formulation of damage models that is based on the Markov property of memoryless systems. The advantage of using the memoryless model formulation in a recursive damage simulation process is that the calculation of the equivalent number of load repetitions is eliminated from the process. The recursive damage simulation process can also be initiated at any level of damage without knowing the prior history that caused the damage. The formulation and calibration of memoryless damage models are illustrated for the fatigue and plastic strain damage of asphalt concrete mixes.
A Statement on the Stress Field of Pipe-Soil Structure
Authors: Bulut O. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this study, stress analyses of buried flexible pipes were carried out using a newly designed experimental setup for the method of photoelasticity. Several universal tests using a Dynamical Mechanical Analyzer and the parallel plate test in a polariscope were performed to obtain the mechanical and optical properties of a ring that is made from a thin plate of optically sensitive Araldite, which modeled the pipe cross section. Additionally, the mechanical properties of soil used in the experiment have been determined by unconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression tests and specifically developed photoelastic tests. This test method, which provided satisfactory results for estimating the coefficient of lateral earth pressure, can be used as a fast method to obtain this coefficient for general cases. From the buried ring experiment, the distributions of the circumferential stresses along the inner surface and the absolute value of the Tresca stresses along the outer surface of the ring were calculated by some precise photoelastic measurements. Comparing the results with those from the parallel plate test, the lack of design criteria were clarified. The buried ring experiment clarified that the pipe-soil structure keeps the field of elastic stress-strain that is due to a loading until a higher load is applied. The distributions of stresses were compared to those obtained from the finite element analysis of a half ring under the loads determined by Michell’s formulation.
Blood–Brain Barrier Leakage during Early Epileptogenesis Is Associated with Rapid Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit
Authors: Bankstahl Marion , Breuer Heike , Leiter Ina , Märkel Martin , Bascuñana Pablo , Michalski Dominik , Bengel Frank M. , Löscher Wolfgang , Meier Martin , Bankstahl Jens P. , Härtig Wolfgang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIncreased permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) following cerebral injury results in regional extravasation of plasma proteins and can critically contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Here, we comprehensively explore the spatiotemporal evolution of a main extravasation component, albumin, and illuminate associated responses of the neurovascular unit (NVU) contributing to early epileptogenic neuropathology. We applied translationalin vivoMR imaging and complementary immunohistochemical analyses in the widely used rat pilocarpine post–status epilepticus (SE) model. The observed rapid BBB leakage affected major epileptogenesis-associated brain regions, peaked between 1 and 2 d post-SE, and rapidly declined thereafter, accompanied by cerebral edema generally following the same time course. At peak of BBB leakage, serum albumin colocalized with NVU constituents, such as vascular components, neurons, and brain immune cells. Surprisingly, astroglial markers did not colocalize with albumin, and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) was clearly reduced in areas of leaky BBB, indicating a severe disturbance of astrocyte-mediated endothelial-neuronal coupling. In addition, a distinct adaptive reorganization process of the NVU vasculature apparently takes place at sites of albumin presence, substantiated by reduced immunoreactivity of endothelial and changes in vascular basement membrane markers. Taken together, degenerative events at the level of the NVU, affecting vessels, astrocytes, and neurons, seem to outweigh reconstructive processes. Considering the rapidly occurring BBB leakage and subsequent impairment of the NVU, our data support the necessity of a prompt BBB-restoring treatment as one component of rational therapeutic intervention to prevent epileptogenesis and the development of other detrimental sequelae of SE.
Uncovering Neuronal Networks Defined by Consistent Between-Neuron Spike Timing from Neuronal Spike Recordings
Authors: van der Meij Roemer , Voytek Bradley 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is widely assumed that distributed neuronal networks are fundamental to the functioning of the brain. Consistent spike timing between neurons is thought to be one of the key principles for the formation of these networks. This can involve synchronous spiking or spiking with time delays, forming spike sequences when the order of spiking is consistent. Finding networks defined by their sequence of time-shifted spikes, denoted here as spike timing networks, is a tremendous challenge. As neurons can participate in multiple spike sequences at multiple between-spike time delays, the possible complexity of networks is prohibitively large. We present a novel approach that is capable of (1) extracting spike timing networks regardless of their sequence complexity, and (2) that describes their spiking sequences with high temporal precision. We achieve this by decomposing frequency-transformed neuronal spiking into separate networks, characterizing each network’s spike sequence by a time delay per neuron, forming a spike sequence timeline. These networks provide a detailed template for an investigation of the experimental relevance of their spike sequences. Using simulated spike timing networks, we show network extraction is robust to spiking noise, spike timing jitter, and partial occurrences of the involved spike sequences. Using rat multineuron recordings, we demonstrate the approach is capable of revealing real spike timing networks with sub-millisecond temporal precision. By uncovering spike timing networks, the prevalence, structure, and function of complex spike sequences can be investigated in greater detail, allowing us to gain a better understanding of their role in neuronal functioning.
Predicted Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Homologs and the Glycerol Kinase GlcA Coordinately Adapt to Various Carbon Sources and Osmotic Stress in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Zhang Chi , Meng Xiuhua , Gu Huiyu , Ma Zhihua , Lu Ling 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Glycerol plays an important role in the adaptation of fungi to various microenvironments and stressors, including heat shock, anoxic conditions and osmotic stress. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) is able to catalyze dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P), which is subsequently dephosphorylated into glycerol. However, current knowledge about the functions of G3PDH homologs in glycerol biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus is limited. Here, we show that the A. fumigatus G3PDH gene, gfdA, is crucial for normal colony growth in glucose media under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, failure of the overexpression of the gfdA homolog, gfdB, to rescue the phenotype of a gfdA null mutant suggests that gfdA plays a predominant role in the synthesis of G3P and glycerol. However, in a wild-type background, overexpressing either gfdA or gfdB is able to significantly enhance biomass production of mycelia, suggesting that gfdA and gfdB have similar functions in promoting the use of glucose. Interestingly, overexpression of the gene encoding the predicted glycerol kinase, GlcA, which is capable of phosphorylating glycerol to form G3P, significantly rescues the growth defects of gfdA null mutants in glucose media, indicating that the growth defects of gfdA null mutants might be due to the absence of G3P rather than glycerol. Moreover, Western blotting analysis revealed that gfdA is inducibly expressed by osmotic mediators. However, in the absence of gfdA, osmotic stress can rescue colony growth defects and allow colonies to partially bypass the gfdA requirement in a high osmolarity glycerol pathway-dependent manner. Therefore, the findings of this study elucidate how saprophytic filamentous fungi have developed pathways distinct from those of budding yeasts to adapt to varied carbon sources and survive environmental stresses.
Comparison of Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations: Cheverud’s Conjecture in Humans
Authors: Sodini Sebastian M , Kemper Kathryn E , Wray Naomi R , Trzaskowski Maciej 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCheverud’s conjecture asserts that the use of phenotypic correlations as proxies for genetic correlations in situations where genetic data is not available is appropriate. Although empirical evidence for this has been found across...Accurate estimation of genetic correlation requires large sample sizes and access to genetically informative data, which are not always available. Accordingly, phenotypic correlations are often assumed to reflect genotypic correlations in evolutionary biology. Cheverud’s conjecture asserts that the use of phenotypic correlations as proxies for genetic correlations is appropriate. Empirical evidence of the conjecture has been found across plant and animal species, with results suggesting that there is indeed a robust relationship between the two. Here, we investigate the conjecture in human populations, an analysis made possible by recent developments in availability of human genomic data and computing resources. A sample of 108,035 British European individuals from the UK Biobank was split equally into discovery and replication datasets. Seventeen traits were selected based on sample size, distribution, and heritability. Genetic correlations were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression applied to the genome-wide association summary statistics of pairs of traits, and compared within and across datasets. Strong and significant correlations were found for the between-dataset comparison, suggesting that the genetic correlations from one independent sample were able to predict the phenotypic correlations from another independent sample within the same population. Designating the selected traits as morphological or nonmorphological indicated little difference in correlation. The results of this study support the existence of a relationship between genetic and phenotypic correlations in humans. This finding is of specific interest in anthropological studies, which use measured phenotypic correlations to make inferences about the genetics of ancient human populations.
A Rare Pulmonary Manisfestation of Kahler's disease
Authors: Baheti Gaurav , Jain Ankur 
Published: May 2018

Kahler's disease also known as Multiple Myeloma (MM) is one of the most dangerous primary malignancy of the bone marrow which is significant for its plasma cells proliferation and abnormal growth of monoclonal immunoglobulins (including M protein and light chain proteins: κ and λ). Excess amount of M protein is a potential blood thickener due to its effects on viscosity, while an excess amount of light chains could lead to an end-organ damage.
MM presenting as Interstital Lung Disease (ILD) has been documented in very rare occasions till date and hence, we are presenting forward a letter showing the importance of considering MM as a differential when a patient presents with ILD features by presenting one such case of a patient who was diagnosed with MM and developed ILD secondary due to infiltration of Myeloma cells in the parenchyma of the lungs.
Proposing the concept of Perfection Quotient (PQ) as a measure of readiness for health behavior change
Authors: Sharma Manoj 
Published: May 2018

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) has been used for a long time to test for readiness of individuals with regard to their learning abilities. It offers limited utility in ascertaining readiness toward health behavior change. Work on emotional quotient (EQ) and X quotient (XQ) has been done in recent years but has not been applied for determining readiness toward health behavior change through health education and health promotion interventions. The purpose of this editorial is to propose a novel concept of perfection quotient (PQ) that integrates IQ, EQ and XQ for ascertaining the readiness for health behavior change through health education and health promotion interventions in a variety of target populations. Such measure will be invaluable in ameliorating the impact of health education and health promotion interventions.
Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence to The Professionalism and Performance of The Teacher in smk Saraswati 1 Denpasar.
Authors: Hendrastuti Gek Ayu , Agung Anak Agung Putu , Sudja I Nengah 
Published: May 2018

This research aims to identify and analyze the influence of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence against professionalism and teacher’s performance at SMK Saraswati 1 Denpasar. This research uses 42 people of sample which selected pursuant to of stratified simple random method. Research variable consist of emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence as independent variable, and also professionalism and teachers’s performance as dependent variable. The method of analysis used validity and reliability test, quantitative descriptive analysis method and PLS. Result of this research, showed that emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence has a significant effect on professionalism and the teacher performance of SMK Saraswati 1 Denpasar. Besides that, emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence gives more dominantly influence on teacher performance of SMK Saraswati 1 Denpasar. So, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence partially or simultaneously impact on teacher performance of SMK Saraswati 1 Denpasarand spiritual intelligence gives more dominantly influence on the teacher performance.
Market Commentaries and Stock Prices in Poland: A Text Mining Approach
Authors: Oleksy Paweł , Czupryna Marcin 
Published: May 2018

From a theoretical point of view, the scope and quality of available information determines the market efficiency and, thus, investors’ decisions. However, an excessive amount of information leads to information overload. In the case of textual data, advanced analytical methods must be applied to identify some regularities and trends within the analysed text corpora. Text mining may be useful in supporting the decision-making process.The paper examines the interdependencies between market commentaries and stock prices. More specifically, it verifies the linguistic characteristics of opinions distributed by institutional investors (investment fund company) and their intertemporal links to the price movements on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.The results indicate that: 1) there is no significant linguistic difference between market commentaries written after weeks of relatively low and relatively high rates of returns on the Warsaw Stock Exchange; 2) the linguistic content of selected market commentaries does not have a predictive value for the Polish stock market; 3) commentaries with a one-week time difference linguistically differ less than the commentaries with two or more weeks’ time difference.
Stock Returns And Disagreement Among Sell-Side Analysts
Authors: Hobbs Jeffrey , Kaufman David L. , Lee Hei-Wai , Singh Vivek 
Published: May 2018

Asymmetric information, investor optimism, and unbiased prices hypotheses are the main hypotheses proposed for explaining how investors’ difference of opinion may impact stock returns. We use a new measure for divergence in investor beliefs among sell-side analysts to test these three hypotheses. Our initial findings are not supportive of either the asymmetric information or the investor optimism hypotheses. However, since these two hypotheses predict opposing effects of divergence in opinion on stock returns, the effects could neutralize their respective impacts on stock prices. Our further empirical analysis though suggests that this is not the case. The weight of the evidence presented suggests thatwithin the sell-side, the difference of opinion does not impose a bias on future stock returns.
Repercusiones en Trujillo de los sucesos estudiantiles de Lima el 23 de mayo de 1923
Authors: Ortiz Elmer Robles 
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de estudiar la resonancia que tuvieron en Trujillo los hechos acaecidos en Lima el 23 de mayo de 1923, dentro del movimiento estudiantil de la Reforma Universitaria iniciada en Argentina en 1918 y en el Perú en 1919. Es el resultado de una investigación que utiliza la metodología cualitativa con énfasis en el campo histórico. Los hechos ocurrieron durante el gobierno de Augusto B. Leguía que, en busca de su reelección, y violando la Constitución Política, dispuso la consagración del Perú al Corazón de Jesús. En la protesta de los estudiantes de la Universidad de San Marcos y trabajadores de Lima, reprimida violentamente, murió un estudiante y un obrero. El gobierno arrestó a los conductores del movimiento.
Estos sucesos tuvieron eco en la Universidad de Trujillo. La intransigencia del rector y del Consejo Universitario originó una fuerte tensión. Los estudiantes esbozaron conceptos a tono con los principios de la Reforma Universitaria: universidad para el cambio y de puertas abiertas como casa del pueblo y para el pueblo. Las autoridades no exhibieron ninguna postura formativa, sino compulsiva y anacrónica; respondieron con represión. Fueron expulsados definitivamente 14 estudiantes y temporalmente 8.
Efektivitas Media Promosi “Piring Makanku” Pedoman Gizi Seimbang Sebagai Panduan Sekali Makan (The Effectiveness of Media promotion "Piring Makanku" Balanced Nutrition Guidelines as a Guide Once Packed)
Authors: Pratama Pravasta Ade , Zulkarnain Elfian , Ririanty Mury 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The problem of nutrition in Indonesia currently has entered a double nutritional problems i.e. less nutritional problems and excess nutritional problems. Is a group of kids who are prone to more nutrition. Department of health’s strategic plan outlines the goals of health promotion 2005-2009 with principal activities the development of health promotion and media communication technology, information and education (KIE). The Government issued a Balanced Nutritional Guidelines contained media promotion "Tumpeng" and "Piring Makanku" in an attempt to lower and maintain the nutritional status of the public. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of media promotion "Piring Makanku". This research was quantitative research semi experimental at SDN Jember Lor 1. Data analysis was the analysis of the statistical test of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney with α = 0.05. The results showed that the media "Piring Makanku" effective in improving knowledge, attitudes and practice towards a balanced nutrition.
Keywords: The Effectiveness of Media, Piring Makanku, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice