bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic propellant system model of an emergency parachute system for a vertical take-off and landing UAV
Authors: Jastrzębski Grzegorz , Szczepaniak Paweł , Nowakowski Mirosław , Ułanowicz Leszek , Jóźko Michał , Włodarczyk Jakub 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The subject of this publication is a mathematical model of a pneumatic supply system for an emergency parachute system. This system is intended for a vertical take-off and landing UAV. An overview of emergency parachute landing system designs is presented in the introduction. Based on a schematic diagram and a 3D computer model, the construction and operation principles of an emergency parachute system, currently being developed at AFIT, was presented. A mathematical model, which enables the determination of the energy of gas (compressed CO2) stored in the accumulator tank was described. The conducted tests, which involved weighing the accumulator after filling with liquefied CO2 from a special cartridge and equivalent mass ejections were discussed. These tests involved recording the track of the equivalent mass movement and time necessary to determine velocity. The results of calculations regarding the equivalent mass energy imitating an emergency parachute, CO2 volume and mass in the accumulator in liquefied and gaseous state were presented. Based on the conducted calculations and the obtained characteristics, the developed mathematical model was assessed, and the final conclusions formulated.
CrossFit across Three Platforms: Using Social Media to Navigate Niche Sport Challenges
Authors: Kang Sun J. , Rice Jason A. , Hambrick Marion E. , Choi Chulhwan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Niche sports have limited opportunities to promote their sport offerings via traditional communication channels and may rely upon alternatives such as social media to accomplish their marketing goals (Puchan, 2004). Williams and Chinn (2010) developed a relationship marketing conceptual framework to examine social media usage and marketing within a sports context. This study used the framework with the burgeoning sport of CrossFit and examined three primary organizational relationship-marketing activities: (a) Information, (b) Interaction, and (c) Promotion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of social media by key members of the CrossFit community. The study addressed the following research questions: RQ1. What are the usage categories similarities and differences observed across the social media platforms? RQ2. What are the group usage similarities and differences observed across the social media platforms? and RQ3. What are the group usage similarities and differences observed across the usage categories? A content analysis of 5,565 Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube messages was used to explore these activities. The CrossFit social media users—CrossFit Games, regions, boxes, athletes, and sponsors—used the platforms primarily to provide information about the sport and interact with the community, while promotion was employed less frequently. CrossFit and other niche sports can use social media to provide information and build community within their sports, before attempting to create online communities and promote their products.
Pacific Sea Levels Rising Very Slowly and Not Accelerating
Authors: Parker Albert , Ollier Clifford 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Over the past decades, detailed surveys of the Pacific Ocean atoll islands show no sign of drowning because of accelerated sea-level rise. Data reveal that no atoll lost land area, 88.6% of islands were either stable or increased in area, and only 11.4% of islands contracted. The Pacific Atolls are not being inundated because the sea level is rising much less than was thought. The average relative rate of rise and acceleration of the 29 long-term-trend (LTT) tide gauges of Japan, Oceania and West Coast of North America, are both negative, −0.02139 mm yr−1 and −0.00007 mm yr−2 respectively. Since the start of the 1900s, the sea levels of the Pacific Ocean have been remarkably stable.
Selected Geosites for Geoheritage, Geotourism, and Geoconservation in Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand
Authors: Nazaruddin Dony Adriansyah 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A systematic investigation has been conducted in several selected geosites in Songkhla Province (Southern Thailand) including inventory, characterization, classification, assessment, and evaluation to study their potentials for geoheritage, geotourism, and geoconservation. A list of geosites have been established for this study, consisting of Songkhla Lagoon/Lake, Samila Beach, Tone Nga Chang (Elephant’s Tusk) Waterfall, Khao Rup Chang (Dragon and Elephant) Cave, and Khao Daeng Hot Spring. Characterization of all these sites have showed that most of the sites have unique and interesting landforms (geomorphological sites), except only a hot spring site (hydrogeological site). The geosites have features of small to large scales (tens meter to larger than 10 km). Qualitative and quantitative assessments have been carried out based on geoheritage values (scientific & educational, aesthetic, recreational, cultural, etc.), with the state/provincial to national levels of significance. Geoconservation efforts should be conducted in all these sites for some purposes, such as research and education as well as geotourism in the province and the region.
AI Case Studies: Potential for Human Health, Space Exploration and Colonisation and a Proposed Superimposition of the Kubler-Ross Change Curve on the Hype Cycle
Authors: Williams Matthew , Braddock Martin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) is and will profoundly reshape human society, the culture and the composition of civilisations which make up human kind. All technological triggers tend to drive a hype curve which over time is realised by an output which is often unexpected, taking both pessimistic and optimistic perspectives and actions of drivers, contributors and enablers on a journey where the ultimate destination may be unclear. In this paper we hypothesise that this journey is not dissimilar to the personal journey described by the Kubler-Ross change curve and illustrate this by commentary on the potential of AI for drug discovery, development and healthcare and as an enabler for deep space exploration and colonisation. Recent advances in the call for regulation to ensure development of safety measures associated with machine-based learning are presented which, together with regulation of the rapidly emerging digital after-life industry, should provide a platform for realising the full potential benefit of AI for the human species.
Dealing with Free Will in Contemporary Theology: is It Still a Question?
Authors: Oviedo Lluis 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Free will is a very hot issue in several theoretical settings, but less in theology, or at least not as much as use to be in former times, when the discussions on sinfulness, grace and freedom were igniting a long season of controversies, especially in the Reformation time. Even in ecumenical dialogue apparently free will does not play a great role, since the reached consensus seems quite peaceful and agreement dominates over discussion. However, some theological insights, especially Karl Rahner reflections, are still worthy to consider and possibly theological anthropology should pay more attention to the current debate and its consequences for the way we understand human nature and its relationship with God.
Thought Experiments and Novels
Authors: Milligan Tony 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Novels and thought experiments can be pathways to different kinds of knowledge. We may, however, be hard pressed to say exactly what can be learned from novels but not from thought experiments. Headway on this matter can be made by spelling out their respective conditions for epistemic failure. Thought experiments fail in their epistemic role when they neither yield propositional knowledge nor contribute to an argument. They are largely in the business of ‘knowing that’. Novels, on the other hand can be an epistemic success by yielding ‘knowledge how’. They can help us to improve our competences.
Asymptotic Behavior of Bounded Solutions to a First Order Gradient-like System
Authors: Tran Minh-Phuong , Nguyen Thanh-Nhan 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we prove the long time behavior of bounded solutions to a first order gradient-like system with low damping and perturbation terms. Our convergence results are obtained under some hypotheses of KurdykaLojasiewicz inequality and the angle and comparability condition.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Combining the Power of IoT and Big Data to Unleash the Potential of Digital Oil Field
Authors: AlBar Abdullah , Asfoor Hasan , Goz Ahmad , Ansari Najmul 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the process of unleashing the potential of digital oil fields by combining the power of Big Data platform with the Internet of Things (IoT). This new method enables efficient machine learning training utilizing Big Data and real-time scoring against mathematical models for predicting future outcomes.
Digital oil fields have a diverse set of IoT devices that measure important field metrics in real-time, such as downhole pressure, temperature and oil rate. A typical digital oil well is equipped with many equipment such as Multiphase Flow Meter, Electrical Submersible Pump, and Permanent Downhole Monitoring Systems. Those equipments have several sensors generating a huge volume of data every second.
In order to enable data scientists to analyze this huge amount of data streaming from various data sources, a data engineering pipeline was built. This pipeline combines data from various real-time and historical data repositories along with a master relational database in order to provide a consistent and clean analytics database for data scientists. This method saves data scientists the trouble of manually preparing and cleaning data from different datasets. Furthermore, by utilizing the analytics database cluster for machine learning, data scientists were able to use bigger data sets for training their models which can improve the accuracies of the models.
As part of the solution, a scoring engine was built which consumes real-time data feed from the digital oil fields and performs real-time predictions and scoring utilizing machine learning models.
The new architecture significantly improved the productivity of data scientists by allowing them to focus on building models and not to have to worry about data plumbing and deployment of the model to the field. Moreover by utilizing bigger data sets, models accuracies was improved considerably. Finally by integrating the models with IoT real-time data stream, field engineers can see and act on the models’ predictions in a timely manner.
This architecture and methodology combines different technology domains (IoT and Big Data) with unique solution to bring value to the Oil and Gas producing & production business function.
An Experimental Study of the Dynamic Mass Transfer Process During Carbonated Water Injection
Authors: Zou Jiandong , Liao Xinwei , Zhao Xiaoliang , Chen Zhiming , Mu Lingyu , Chu Hongyang , Wu Jiaqi , Zhang Zhen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Carbonated water injection (CWI) is a modified CO2 flooding method for enhanced oil recovery, which takes the both advantages of CO2 flooding and water injection and have attracted much attention recently. The objective of this study is to mimic the dynamic mass transfer process of carbonated water to "live" crude oil through a series of well-designed multi-contact tests.
In each test, carbonated water (CW) was brought into contact with live crude oil in a high-temperature and high-pressure PVT cell. Pressure changes during the test were observed and recorded. After equilibrium, all of the transferred carbonated water was taken out of the cell and the swelled oil was proceed to the next contact. The volume of water and liberated gas were measured. The oil swelling factor was also measured, which would verify the existence of moving interface between carbonated water and live crude oil. A total of 12 contact tests were performed.
It was observed that the pressure rapidly builds up immediately after the contact of carbonated water and live crude oil in the closed system. For the first contact, equilibrium pressure increased by 6.46MPa and for the last contact equilibrium pressure increased by 2.16Mpa. This result indicates a strong mutual interaction of carbonated water with live crude oil and be beneficial to maintain reservoir pressure. Due to large amount of CO2 transferred from carbonated water to the live crude oil, the swelling effect was quite obvious and a total swelling factor of 1.26 was obtained at the end of the experiments. The volume changes of carbonated water and live crude oil could be good evidence of the existence of moving interfaces during the dynamic mass transfer process. The other enhanced oil recovery mechanism by CWI such as viscosity reduction was also found in the tests.
The experimental results clearly indicate that the pressure buildup during the diffusion process originated from the CO2 dissolution from carbonated water and swelling of the oil phase. The partition coefficient is relevant to CO2 solubility in water and live crude oil. The tests vividly replicated the dynamic interactions between live crude oil in a closed system and the flowing carbonated water, in which the oil would be contacted by fresh carbonated water.
Automated Workflow for Unstructured Grid Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Ding Xiang Yang , Zawawi Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Machine learning based intelligent automation is developed by extending a prior workflow of unstructured grid reservoir simulation (Ding et al. 2015; Fung et al. 2014, 2013). Reservoir heterogeneity, geological internal boundary features and well geometry complexity are being taken into account to automatically detect well zone and focusing reservoir area by calculating the region-of-interests in the model and define cell spacing for grid coarsening and refinement in the reservoir. Automated workflow is demonstrated by using an unstructured grid reservoir simulation example.
Previously, an unstructured grid reservoir simulation workflow is introduced (Ding et al. 2015; Fung et al. 2014, 2013). One major component of the workflow is the near-well unstructured grid modeling framework which consists of a 2.5D unstructured PEBI grid engine and its input criteria, such as the locations of reservoir where grid coarsening and refinement are being applied in, along with respective cell spacing being allocated. The creation of such regions of interest and selection of cell spacing involve user's manual interaction, which is user-experience dependent and not intended to serve as a long term solution in the simulation workflow. This paper enhances this process by automatically detecting the target area in the reservoir by computing the convex hull of the well dataset or modified convex hull if concave exists in the dataset. The convex hull is used as the basis for reservoir polygon with defined cell spacing computed by cell density control scheme. The automation considers the heterogeneity and complexity of the reservoir, such as geological internal boundaries and complicated well geometry. The targeted locations in the reservoir cover necessary area for grid refinement with high density grids to capture the accurate flow dynamics near the well, whereas unimportant area in the reservoir are detected for being coarsened to avoid extreme large model size and long simulation runtime.
The result of this work enhances the unstructured grid modeling process by automatically computing the local reservoir areas for grid coarsening and refinement with respective grid density on the multi-level hierarchical grids, it avoids user's manual interaction, which is neither efficient nor user friendly. The automated workflow improves unstructured gridding efficiency and enhances user's simulation experience.
Utilizing emerging technology breakthrough such as machine learning is important towards a successful era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), this work of workflow automation is an example of using machine learning for enhancing problem solving in reservoir simulation.
Characteristics and Influence Factors of the Middle-Lower Jurassic Tight Sandstone Reservoirs in the Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin
Authors: Si Xueqiang , Xu Yang , Wang Xin , Guo Huajun , Li Yazhe , Shan Xiang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Sandstone can be divided into many types with reference to permeability and porosity. Some scholars and researchers have established criteria to classify tight sandstone by using porosity and permeability. Sandstone with permeability less than 1mD and porosity less than 10% could be called tight sandstone. Exploration and development of tight sandstone gas has become a hot spot of oil and gas exploration (Dai J. et al., 2002) in China. Quite recently, tight sandstone gas reservoirs of different scales have been discovered in the middle-lower Jurassic of Taibei Sag in Turpan-Hami Basin. The purposes of this paperare to analyze the texture and composition of the middle-lower Jurassic tight sandstones, investigate diagenesis type and reveal the influence of diagenesis on reservoir quality.
Multi-Component While Drilling MCWD Resistivity Inversion for Thin Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Larbi Zeghlache Mohamed , Mumtaz Asim , Ferreira Enrico 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To maximize reservoir contact during well placement in layered carbonate reservoirs, reentry and newly drilled wells often target a specific layer. In this case, traditional well placement techniques of horizontal wells using a reactive or semi-proactive approach result in repeated exits of the reservoir target into the cap rock or potentially dip out of the target zone. This environment may result in losing reservoir footage, a lower net-to-gross, prolonged drilling time and wellbore challenges. All these items increase wellbore delivery time and cost.
Existing logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology for well placement and formation evaluation has been extensively used in different environments. For example, borehole resistivity image logs to acquire real-time formation dips and provide at-bit resistivity measurements to help identify local features that may correlate with the structural dip. However, in many cases, especially for wells drilled close to the flank, carbonate layers are not as "flat" as seen in the seismic sections.
Conventional deep-azimuthal resistivity technology was designed and introduced mainly for a clastics environment, where a clear resistivity contrast between shale and sand zones exists. The technology can help in mapping the target sand beyond the well trajectory. This is not the case with carbonate reservoirs, where the contrast is not obvious and the signal saturates due to proximity to anhydrite layers, masking the different reservoir layer boundaries. To overcome this challenge and enable bed boundary mapping tools to focus on a shallow depth of investigation, a new resistivity inversion called multi-component while drilling (MCWD) is introduced.
The MCWD inversion technique utilizes the deep-azimuthal resistivity data to map the thickness and boundaries of different resistivity layers focused within the required depth of investigation. Consequently, conventional deep-azimuthal resistivity technology is adapted for proactive geosteering in relatively conductive medium by mapping the high-resistivity layer boundary (anhydrite) and the low-resistivity contrast base layer to maintain the wellbore optimally in the target zone.
Results of this new inversion are demonstrated to show the combination of deep-azimuthal resistivity technology along with MCWD inversion to successfully place horizontal laterals within carbonate sublayer. Another added value is the mapped structural features that can help to improve the structure model and assist with real-time geosteering decisions. In addition, qualitative petrophysical evaluation could help to map the water front and the oil/water contact in some cases.
The deployment of this technology has helped to improve drastically the Net-to-Gross (N/G) in these challenging environments, and more applications are currently being studied to develop further the use of the real-time azimuthal directional resistivity logging data.
Potential and Risk Analysis of Offshore Fractured Light Reservoir
Authors: Shi Hongfu , Yue Baolin , Luo Xianbo , Shi Fei , Xiao Bo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The exploration and development of offshore oilfield facing unprecedented challenges include the decline in the quality of oil reserves, increase of invest and strict environmental protection policies. Usually, low permeability reservoir, heavy oil reservoir complex fault block and small reservoir located far from an existing facility are classified into marginal oilfield. More and more marginal oilfield is put on the schedule of development. In the view of economic, The internal rate of marginal oilfield return is lower than the benchmark rate of return of the industry, but higher than the cost discount rate of the industry. An integrated work flow is presented to improve the tap the potential and mitigate the risk of marginal oilfield involved in dependent development of small oilfields, unit exploitation of small oilfield group, simple platform, extended reach well and phased development. The LD oil field is taken as an example to state the strategy of marginal oilfield.