bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium content in sauces—a major contributor of sodium intake in Malaysia: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shahar Suzana , You Yee Xing , Zainuddin NurZetty Sofia , Michael Viola , Ambak Rashidah , Haron Hasnah , He Feng J , MacGregor Graham A 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the sodium content in sauces sold in Malaysian supermarkets.MethodsA cross-sectional market survey was conducted in 2017 of 233 sauces sold in Malaysian supermarkets. Information on the sodium content was collected from the product packaging and nutrient information panels of the sauces sold in the seven top supermarkets in the capital of Malaysia.ResultsOf the 233 sauces surveyed, 116 did not include sodium content information on the nutrient information panel (49.8%). Soy sauce (particularly sweet soy sauce) and ketchup (particularly chilli sauce) were found to be the highest number of products surveyed in the analysis (N=54 and N=48, respectively). The highest sodium content information was displayed by fish/prawn sauce (budu/cencalok) (5192±3228 mg/100 g) which was followed by the light/thin soy sauce (5116±2084 mg/100 g), and followed by salty soy sauce (4780±988 mg/100 g). The sodium content information of the imported sauces was higher compared with local products produced in Malaysia. However, for sweet soy sauce, the sodium content information of the local products was higher compared with the imported products. Of the 116 sauces which displayed information regarding their sodium content, only 18.2% of the salty soy sauce and 25% of the light/thin soy sauce were found to be below the 2017 Malaysian sodium guidelines. Furthermore, only 21.7% of chilli ketchup and no tomato ketchup were below the 2017 UK salt guidelines.ConclusionsAlmost half of the sauces surveyed did not include sodium content information on the nutrient information panel. It is recommended that sodium content information is provided on all sauces sold in Malaysia. Also, manufacturers should be urged to reduce the sodium content level of their sauces to a minimum of 5%.
Real-world ethics in palliative care: protocol for a systematic review of the ethical challenges reported by specialist palliative care practitioners in their clinical practice
Authors: Schofield Guy , Brangan Emer , Dittborn Mariana , Huxtable Richard , Selman Lucy 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionEthical issues arise daily in the delivery of palliative care. Despite much (largely theoretical) literature, evidence from specialist palliative care practitioners (SPCPs) about real-world ethical challenges has not previously been synthesised. This evidence is crucial to inform education and training and adequately support staff. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence regarding the ethical challenges which SPCPs encounter during clinical practice.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review with narrative synthesis of empirical studies that use inductive methods to describe the ethical challenges reported by SPCPs. We will search multiple databases (MEDLINE, Philosopher’s Index, EMBASE, PsycINFO, LILACS, WHOLIS, Web of Science and CINAHL) without time, language or geographical restrictions. Keywords will be developed from scoping searches, consultation with information specialists and reference to key systematic reviews in palliative care and bioethics. Reference lists of included studies will be hand-searched. 10% of retrieved titles and abstracts will be independently dual screened, as will all full text papers. Quality will be dual assessed using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). Narrative synthesis following Popayet al(2006) will be used to synthesise findings. The strength of resulting recommendations will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for qualitative evidence (GRADE-CERQual).Ethics and disseminationAs this review will include only published data, no specific ethical approval is required. We anticipate that the systematic review will be of interest to palliative care practitioners of all backgrounds and educators in palliative care and medical ethics. Findings will be presented at conferences and published open access in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42018105365.
Pilot observational prospective cohort study on the use of a novel home-based urinary pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PDG) test to confirm ovulation when used as adjunct to fertility awareness methods (FAMs) stage 1
Authors: Leiva Rene , McNamara-Kilian Marie , Niezgoda Helen , Ecochard René , Bouchard Thomas 
Published: May 2019

RationaleOvulation confirmation is a fundamental component of the evaluation of infertility.PurposeTo inform the design of a larger clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of a new home-based pregnanediol glucuronide (PDG) urine test to confirm ovulation when compared with the standard of serum progesterone.MethodsIn this observational prospective cohort study (single group assignment) in an urban setting (stage 1), a convenience sample of 25 women (aged 18–42 years) collected daily first morning urine for luteinisinghormone (LH), PDG and kept a daily record of their cervical mucus for one menstrual cycle. Serum progesterone levels were measured to confirm ovulation. Sensitivity and specificity were used as the main outcome measures. Estimation of number of ultrasound (US)-monitored cycles needed for a future study was done using an exact binomial CI approach.ResultsRecruitment over 3 months was achieved (n=28) primarily via natural fertility regulation social groups. With an attrition rate of 22%, specificity of the test was 100% for confirming ovulation. Sensitivity varied depending on whether a peak-fertility mucus day or a positive LH test was observed during the cycle (85%–88%). Fifty per cent of participants found the test results easy to determine. A total of 73 US-monitored cycles would be needed to offer a narrow CI between 95% and 100%.ConclusionThis is first study to clinically evaluate this test when used as adjunct to the fertility awareness methods. While this pilot study was not powered to validate or test efficacy, it helped to provide information on power, recruitment and retention, acceptability of the procedures and ease of its use by the participants. Given this test had a preliminary result of 100% specificity, further research with a larger clinical trial (stage 2) is recommended to both improve this technology and incorporate additional approaches to confirm ovulation.Trial registration numberNCT03230084
Effectiveness of a new one-hour blood pressure monitoring method to diagnose hypertension: a diagnostic accuracy clinical trial protocol
Authors: González-de Paz Luis , Kostov Belchin , Alvira-Balada Maria del Carme , Colungo Cristina , García Noemí , Roura Silvia , Blat Esther , Sierra-Benito Cristina , Sotoca-Momblona Josep Miquel , Benavent-Areu Jaume , Sánchez Eva , Sisó-Almirall Antoni 
Published: May 2019

Introduction24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard diagnostic method for hypertension, but has some shortcomings in clinical practice while clinical settings often lack sufficient devices to accommodate all patients with suspected hypertension. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and office blood pressure monitoring (OBPM) also have shortcomings, such as the white coat effect or a lack of accuracy. This study aims to study the validity of a new method of diagnosing hypertension consisting of monitoring blood pressure (BP) for 1 hour and comparing it with OBPM and HBPM and examining the sensitivity and specificity of this method compared with 24-hour ABPM. The patient experience will be examined in each method.Methods and analysisA minimum sample of 214 patients requiring a diagnostic test for hypertension from three urban primary healthcare centres will be included. Participants will undergo 24-hour ABPM, 1-hour BP measurement (1-BPM), OBPM for three consecutive weeks and HBPM. Patients will follow a random sequence to first receive 24-hour ABPM or 1-hour ABPM. Daytime 24-hour ABPM records will be compared with the other monitoring methods using the correlation coefficient and Bland Altman plots. The kappa concordance index and the sensitivity and specificity of the methods will be calculated. The patient’s experience will be studied, with selected indicators of efficiency and satisfaction calculated using parametric tests.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been authorised by the research ethics committee of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (Ref. HCB/2014/0615): protocol details and amendments will be recorded and reported to ClinicalTrials.com. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed literature, and to policy makers and healthcare partners.Trial registrationNCT03147573; Pre-results.
Electroweak phase transition with three phases in the SU(2)1 ⊗ SU(2)2 ⊗ U(1)Y model
Authors: Phong Vo Quoc , Nguyen Minh Anh 
Published: May 2019

Our analysis shows that SM-like electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in the [Formula: see text] (2-2-1) model is a first-order phase transition at the 200 GeV scale (the SM scale). Its strength [Formula: see text] is about 1–2.7 and the masses of new gauge bosons are larger than 1.7 TeV when the second VEV is larger than 535 GeV in a three-stage EWPT scenario and the coupling constant of [Formula: see text] group must be larger than 2. Therefore, this first-order EWPT can be used to fix VEVs and the coupling constant of the gauge group in electroweak models.
A characterization of the Arf property for quadratic quotients of the Rees algebra
Authors: Borzì Alessio 
Published: May 2019

We provide a characterization of the Arf property in both the numerical duplication of a numerical semigroup and in a member of a family of quotients of the Rees algebra studied in [V. Barucci, M. D’Anna and F. Strazzanti, A family of quotients of the Rees algebra, Commun. Algebra 43(1) (2015) 130–142].
First-Principles Study of Ferromagnetism in Iron Chromite Spinels: FeCr2O4 and CrFe2O4
Authors: Benhalima C. , Amari S. , Beldi L. , Bouhafs B. 
Published: May 2019

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of FeCr2O4 and CrFe2O4 spinels have been investigated by the first-principles approach based on density functional theory (DFT) and the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) and GGA-[Formula: see text] scheme. The stability of these spinels in the normal and inverse phases is evaluated. The spin-polarized electronic band structures and density of states of FeCr2O4 calculated by GGA-PBE and GGA-[Formula: see text] show that the minority spin channel has metallic nature and the majority spin channel has a half-metallic (HM) gap of 0.25[Formula: see text]eV and 1.30 eV, respectively. CrFe2O4 shows that both minority and majority spin channels have metallic nature when using GGA-PBE and half-semiconducting behavior with half-semiconductor gap of 0.71[Formula: see text]eV when using GGA-[Formula: see text], with magnetic moment of 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] per formula unit. Analysis of density of states of these compounds indicates that the magnetic moment mainly originates from the strong spin-polarization of 3[Formula: see text] states of Fe and Cr atoms. Presence of HMF in FeCr2O4 and CrFe2O4 spinels makes these compounds promising compounds for spintronic applications.
Fusion of BWM and AHP MCDM Methods to Choose the Most Suitable Secondary School for an Individual in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Rezaur Rahman N. S. M. , Chowdhury Md. Abdul Ahad , Firoze Adnan , Rahman Rashedur M. 
Published: May 2019

Choosing the best schools from a group of schools is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In this paper, we have represented a method that uses the fusion of two multi-criteria decision-making methods, Best–Worst Method (BWM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to rank some of the user preferred alternatives. The system considers the choice of the user and the quality of the alternatives to rank them. User preferences on the criteria are taken as inputs in the form of best–worst comparison vectors to measure the choice of the user. These values are applied to calculate the numeric weights of each of the criteria. These weights reflect the preference of the user. A dataset of secondary schools in Bangladesh has been compiled and used for automatic quantitative pairwise comparison on the alternatives to calculate the score of each alternative in every criterion, which reflects its quality in that criterion. These scores are calculated using AHP. The weights of the criteria as well as the scores of these alternatives in those criteria are then used to calculate the final score of the alternatives and to rank them accordingly. An extensive experimental analysis and comparative study is reported at the end of this paper.
Analysis of the Territorial Issue regarding the Liancourt Rocks between Korea and Japan
Authors: Chung Min Jung 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this Article, the “three-staged judicial review” found in the reasoning of territorial arbitral awards of the International Arbitral Tribunal and decisions of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, was discussed. The Tribunal and Court have attributed the utmost priority to boundary treaties (in most cases, concluded between two imperial nations in the past), peace treaties, uti possidetis juris, and an adjudicative award in adjudicating the sovereign matter. Conversely, a chain-of-title through cession and succession from ancient times is of no value. In the absence of any legal title, then effectivités is taken into consideration.
One of the rationales behind the reasoning was that the principle of stability of boundaries is of such importance that it may defeat other principles of international law, e.g., even jus cogens. It is, however, suspected that contemporary reasoning demonstrates bias toward maintaining past colonial rule under the guise of the stability of boundaries. Domestic property law and economics approach also explains that a state with written title (based on boundary treaties, peace treaties, the principle of uti possidetis, and arbitral awards) and a state with effectivités are more likely to be considered to have control over territory in issue than a state with original ownership.
As to the issue of the Liancourt Rocks, Japan claims that it will be necessary for Korea and Japan to diplomatically negotiate to refer the matter to the Tribunal or the Court. However, Korea does not feel the need to agree on referring the matter to the International Judicial Body. The first reason for Korea’s attitude is that Korea already physically occupied the island with its police force. The second reason is that Japan has a choice, either to take the island back with direct confrontation or to accept the loss and leave Korea’s sovereignty alone, that the Liancourt Rocks has of little value to Japan, compared to other territories disputed between Japan and its neighboring states, and therefore, that it is almost impossible to imagine that Japan would dare to choose direct confrontation. There are likely to be many more reasons for leaving Korea’s sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks alone than for initiating military operation over the small island. The third reason is that, although Korea is more likely to win the case given the reasoning and its three rationales above mentioned, Korea’s ownership of this island would become a fait accompli without taking unnecessary risk of deferring the sovereign matter of critical national interest to the third judicial body.
Everyday Politics of “Dokdo” and South Korean National Identity
Authors: Lee Ji-Young , Lee Jaehyun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article, we show that the Dokdo/Takeshima islands issue has become a cultural phenomenon in South Korea, in which the popular desire for national pride has increasingly been intertwined with the government’s efforts for promoting its policy position vis-à-vis Japan. We argue that narratives on Dokdo – created in and through activities in the realms of education, media, and civil society activism – are designed to enhance South Korean territorial sovereignty over the islands. In the process, however, Dokdo has become a symbol of Korean identity or “Koreanness,” as the public, teachers, students, and activists have all engaged in meaning-making activities surrounding the islands. This phenomenon has become salient, in part because these actors sought to respond to Japan’s own activities, including the designation of “Takeshima Day” in 2005. As part of a grassroots movement, their strategy of creating everyday symbols over the islands not just expressed, but also reproduced Korean national identity.
Still More Than a Feeling: Commentary on Cash et al., “Expectancy Effects in the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response” and Recommendations for Measurement in Future ASMR Research
Authors: Hostler Thomas J. , Poerio Giulia Lara , Blakey Emma 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) — the sensory phenomenon experienced by some people in response to visual and auditory stimuli such as whispering — has attracted substantial public attention but is not yet well understood or well established within the scientific community. Recent research published in PeerJ by Cash, Heisick and Papesh (2018) investigated whether ASMR could be a placebo effect (resulting from expectation) rather than a genuine experience triggered by ASMR-inducing stimuli. In this article, we provide a commentary on Cash et al.’s findings and argue that they provide evidence for (rather than against) the veracity of ASMR. We discuss issues regarding the measurement of ASMR and end by providing some recommendations on how to assess ASMR as both a state and a trait, in the hope of galvanising collaborative research efforts in the emerging field of ASMR.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sheaves Bryony , Holmes Emily A. , Rek Stephanie , Taylor Kathryn M. , Nickless Alecia , Waite Felicity , Germain Anne , Espie Colin A. , Harrison Paul J. , Foster Russell , Freeman Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Nightmares are relatively common in patients experiencing psychosis but rarely assessed or treated. Nightmares may maintain persecutory delusions by portraying fears in sensory-rich detail. We tested the potential benefits of imagery-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for nightmares on nightmare severity and persecutory delusions. Method: This assessor-blind parallel-group pilot trial randomized 24 participants with nightmares and persecutory delusions to receive CBT for nightmares delivered over 4 weeks in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Assessments were at 0, 4 (end of treatment), and 8 weeks (follow-up). Feasibility outcomes assessed therapy uptake, techniques used, satisfaction, and attrition. The primary efficacy outcome assessed nightmare severity at week 4. Analyses were intention to treat, estimating treatment effect with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: All participants offered CBT completed therapy (mean [SD], 4.8 [0.6] sessions) with high satisfaction, and 20 (83%) participants completed all assessments. Compared with TAU, CBT led to large improvements in nightmares (adjusted mean difference = −7.0; 95% CI, –12.6 to –1.3; d = –1.1) and insomnia (6.3; 95% CI, 2.6 to 10.0; d = 1.4) at week 4. Gains were maintained at follow-up. Suicidal ideation was not exacerbated by CBT but remained stable to follow-up, compared with TAU, which reduced at follow-up (6.8; 95% CI, 0.3 to 3.3; d = 0.7). CBT led to reductions in paranoia (–20.8; 95% CI, –43.2 to 1.7; d = –0.6), although CIs were wide. Three serious adverse events were deemed unrelated to participation (CBT = 2, TAU = 1). Conclusions: CBT for nightmares is feasible and may be efficacious for treating nightmares and comorbid insomnia for patients with persecutory delusions. It shows promise on paranoia but potentially not on suicidal ideation.
Patterns of Support Service, Emergency Department, and Hospital Utilization in Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Descriptive Study
Authors: McNaughton Caitlyn H. , Horst Michael , Gehron Emily , Sivendran Shanthi , Nguyen Julie , Holliday Rachel , Newport Kristina 
Published: May 2019

Context: Palliative care in oncology provides multiple benefits, however access to specialty palliative clinicians is limited in community cancer centers. Individual support services are more often available, but little is known on the utilization and impact of these services. Objectives: To describe the utilization of outpatient support services in the advanced cancer population and the association with ED and hospital use in a community setting. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 314 patients with advanced cancer of lung, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecologic origin was conducted. Data collected included demographics, descriptive data, type and number of support services (symptom management, nurse navigator, social worker, nutrition, financial counselor, chaplain, and oncology clinical counselor) within 90 days of diagnosis and descriptions of ED visits/hospitalizations within 12 months of diagnosis. Support services were available to patients by referral. Results: 29.6% of patients were deceased within 6 months and were considered to have severe disease. Patients with severe disease had a significantly greater mean number of support services than patients with non-severe disease (8.9 vs 6.0, p=0.001) and had a greater mean number of visits per year to the ED (6.4 vs 1.8, p<0.001). A greater proportion of patients with severe disease had palliative consultations (48.9% vs 21.7%, p<0.001), but 65.5% of palliative consultations occurred after an ED or hospital visit. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that advanced cancer patients with severe disease had increased healthcare utilization in all areas measured. Despite high utilization, outpatient support services used in a reactive manner were not effective in reducing ED or hospital visits.