bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric toxicity of Alendronate and Methotrexate in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma jaw model
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Lima Verde Maria Elisa Quezado , Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros , Sousa Fabrício Bitu , Mota Mário Rogério Lima , Pessoa Cláudia do Ó , Lotufo Letícia Veras Costa , Moraes-Filho Manoel Odorico de 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: experimental animal models represent a key tool used to elucidate the mechanisms of action and toxicity of anticancer drugs. Objective: the purpose was to establish a correlation of neoplastic growth with the combinatorial therapeutic application of sodium alendronate (ALD) and methotrexate (MTX), and to evaluate the gastrointestinal toxicity of these drugs, in the rat Walker 256 carcinosarcoma inoculation model. Methods: female rats were selected and randomly distributed into 5 groups (n=10): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), MTX-treated group, ALD-treated group, and MTX-ALD-treated group (MTX/ALD). Tumor cells were inoculated as a suspension of 1x106cells/mL into the alveolar cavities produced by exodontia procedures. The following parameters were evaluated: body weight, tumor volume and percentage of tumor inhibition, and gastrointestinal toxicity. Results: the body weight variation was statistically significant between NC animals and PC animals, and between NC animals and ALD-treated group (p<0.01). Tumor volume variation was statistically significant between PC animals, MTX-treated group and MTX/ALD-co-treated group (p<0.05). Analysis of gastric toxicity of MTX-treated group reveled slight reduction of chief (Ch) and parietal (Pr) cellular populations; ALD-treated group exhibited gastric mucosa without histological alterations of Ch cells but intense reduction of Pr cellular population; and MTX/ALD-co-treated group presented reduction of Ch and Pr cellular populations. Conclusions: ALD does not elicit significant antitumor effects on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells and decreases antitumor effects of MTX due to toxicity on the gastric epithelium, which is intensified with MTX association.
Avaliação do conhecimento das famílias sobre a higienização bucal e o uso domiciliar de fluoretos em crianças de uma faculdade particular do Espírito Santo
Authors: Camatta Ive Barteli , Steiner-Oliveira Carolina 
Published: April 2019

Introdução: cárie dentária é um problema de saúde pública e compromete a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. O uso de dentifrícios fluoretados associado à escovação mecânica vem sendo bastante estudado como controle da doença. O objetivo, deste estudo, foi avaliar o conhecimento dos pais e/ou responsáveis por crianças frequentadoras da Clínica Odontológica da Faculdade Faesa (ES), sobre a higienização bucal e o uso de dentifrício fluoretado. Métodos: foram analisados 46 questionários, contendo 12 questões objetivas. Resultados: a análise estatística descritiva dos dados demonstrou que 78,3% das crianças utilizavam dentifrício fluoretado, 93,5% dos pais não sabiam a concentração de fluoreto presente no creme dental das crianças, desconheciam o momento para se introduzir o dentifrício fluoretado; 60,9% dos pais não sabiam o que poderia ocorrer a partir da ingestão do dentifrício fluoretado e 71,4% responderam que a função do fluoreto era prevenir a cárie. Para 50,0% das famílias, a introdução do creme dental fluoretado foi apenas a partir do segundo ano de vida e apenas 4,4% sabiam que as lesões de cárie se iniciam pela presença de uma mancha branca. Conclusão: pais e/ou responsáveis possuem conhecimento sobre a função do fluoreto, a quantidade de dentifrício que deve ser utilizada em cada faixa etária; porém, desconhecem a concentração de fluoreto presente no creme dental, não sabem o momento correto para introduzir o dentifrício fluoretado ou os riscos de desenvolvimento de fluorose dentária.
Eficácia de diferentes processos de desinfecção em turbinas de alta rotação
Authors: Alcantara Igor , Freitas Renato , Pinheiro Ludmila Gomes , Felipe Andrine Tavares Pereira , Rebouças Pedro Diniz , Zanin-dos-Santoes Iriana Carla Junqueira 
Published: April 2019

Introdução: a contaminação cruzada pode ocorrer na prática odontológica, e a correta descontaminação das Turbinas de Alta Rotação (TAR) é um passo importante no controle desse tipo de infecção. Métodos: este estudo contou com uma amostra de 21 turbinas de alta rotação (n=3). O experimento foi dividido em cinco fases sequenciais: contaminação inicial, limpeza das turbinas, contagem microbiológica inicial, esterilização das turbinas e contagem microbiológica final. As amostras foram divididas em seis grupos: grupo (1): as turbinas foram envolvidas por 8 minutos em gaze embebida em detergente enzimático seguida por fricção mecânica; grupo (2): de forma semelhante ao grupo (1) pelo tempo de 4 minutos. No grupo (3), as turbinas foram, imediatamente, friccionadas com gaze embebida em detergente enzimático seguida de 8 minutos de espera, nos grupos (4) e (5), de forma semelhante ao grupo (3), pelo tempo de 4 minutos e zero minuto, respectivamente. No grupo (6), (controle negativo) não houve contaminação das TARs, e foram aguardados 8 minutos sem realização de nenhum protocolo de descontaminação, enquanto no grupo (7) (controle positivo), houve contaminação pelo pool salivar, mas nenhum protocolo de descontaminação foi realizado. Resultados: após segunda coleta, apenas o grupo (2) foi estatisticamente significante, mostrando-se como melhor protocolo de descontaminação das TARs. Conclusões: dessa forma, sugerimos a utilização de gaze embebida em detergente enzimático por 4 minutos, seguida de fricção mecânica com a gaze previamente ao procedimento de esterilização física por calor sob pressão, como protocolo de biossegurança.
Assessment of magnesium sulphate usage in pre-eclamptic and eclamptic women in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, 2017: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsiddig Yousef Bashir , Abdulmoniem Merghani Alaa , Salah Abdulla Walaa , Rifaat Binni Rasha 
Published: April 2019

Background: Eclampsia, the end phenomena of the preeclampsia spectrum, appears as new onset grand mal seizures in women with preeclampsia. Recently, the World Health Organization has recommended magnesium sulphate (MgSo4) as the main drug of choice to treat/prevent eclampsia. However, in Sudan no real assessment data about MgSo4 efficacy, benefits and risks in preeclamptic and eclamptic women has been reported. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted between January and April 2017 at Omdurman Maternity Hospital using a checklist. Data was collected from the medical records of 130 preeclamptic/eclamptic pregnant women, including: age, blood pressure, protein urea appearance, admission diagnosis, reason for using MgSo4, policy of MgSo4 administration, outcomes after using MgSo4, side effects of using MgSo4, and MgSo4 toxicity recording. After data collection, IBM SPSS (version 21) was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 130 recruited women, 78% were diagnosed with preeclampsia and 22% were diagnosed with eclampsia. Magnesium sulphate was indicated as a prophylactic in 88 patients and as treatment in 42 patients. Interestingly, only 9 patients had uncontrolled- recurrent seizures after using magnesium sulphate and only one patient developed drug related toxicity. Conclusion: After MgSO4 administration, the majority of patients (121; 93.1%) had controlled seizures and only one patient developed MgSO4 toxicity (respiratory paralysis). Therefore, MgSo4represents an effective and safe drug of choice used to treat/prevent eclampsia in Sudan.
The association between health literacy and pesticide use behaviors among sweet corn farmers in the Pak Chong district of Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pobhirun Theerachai , Pinitsoontorn Somdej 
Published: April 2019

Background: Pesticide toxicity is an important health problem in Thailand due to the intensive use of hazardous pesticides. This study aimed to determine and discuss patterns of pesticide use, health literacy, pesticide use behaviors and whether there is an association between health literacy and pesticide use behaviors among sweet corn farmers in the Pak Chong district of Thailand. Methods: This work was carried out between May 2017 and July 2017 and 161 participants were enrolled. Participant questionnaires were completed during face-to-face interviews. Results: 161 sweet corn farmers (89.98%) were interviewed about patterns of chemical pesticide use. Two of the pesticides used in the pre-planting phase were moderately toxic: paraquat (used by 55.2% of farmers) and imidacloprid (used by 15.5% of farmers). In the pre-emergence phase, participants reported using two moderately toxic pesticides: alachlor (used by 48.8% of farmers) and chlorpyrifos (used by 2.4% of farmers). At the post-emergence phase, participants reported using six moderately toxic pesticides: chlorpyrifos (used by 60.7% of farmers), paraquat (used by 38.1% of farmers), imidacloprid (used by 7.2% of farmers), 2-4D (used by 3.6% of farmers), abamectin (used by 3.6% of farmers) and cypermethrin (used by 1.2% of farmers). Health literacy levels were moderate level (Mean score = 91.62, SD = ± 7.06) and pesticide use behaviors were low level (Mean score = 67.80, SD = ± 4.04). When examining the association between health literacy and pesticide use behaviors, we found that functional literacy was significantly associated with pesticide use behaviors. These findings suggest that health literacy, which includes self-management and decision-making skills, should be given greater attention as pesticide use behaviors were unsafe. Conclusion: It may be necessary to develop approaches to reduce pesticide use and promote health literacy, thereby protecting farmers, consumers, the environment (soil, water, and air) and ecosystems from pesticide-related hazards.
State-Run Banks, Money Growth, and the Real Economy
Authors: Morck Randall , Yavuz M. Deniz , Yeung Bernard 
Published: April 2019

Within countries, individual state-run banks’ lending correlates with prior money growth; similar private-sector banks’ lending does not. Aggregate credit and investment growth correlate with prior money growth more where banking systems are more state-run. Size and liquidity differences between state-run and private-sector banks do not drive these results; further tests discount broad classes of alternative explanations. Tests exploiting heterogeneity in political pressure on state-run banks associated with privatizations and elections suggest a command-and-control pseudo-monetary policy channel: changes in money growth, perhaps reflecting political pressure on the central bank, change banks’ lending constraints; political pressure actually changes state-run banks’ lending. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Durchgängige Modellierung von Produktionssystemen
Authors: Schmidt Nicole , Lüder Arndt 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Rückbauphase von Produktionssystemen und erläutert, wie diese Phase zur durchgängigen Modellierung von Produktionssystemen – im Lebenszyklus und darüber hinaus – beiträgt. Dazu wird der Entscheidungsraum aufgespannt, den diese Phase besitzt, und eine Planungsmethode zur Auswahl eines passenden Rückbauszenarios aus diesem Entscheidungsraum vorgestellt. Um die informationsintensive Planungsmethode durch Software unterstützbar machen zu können, wird ein Rückbaudatenmodell vorgestellt, welches die relevanten Informationstypen für die Rückbauphase hält und damit eine Datenweitergabe – innerhalb der Rückbauphase und darüber hinaus – ermöglicht. Mit AutomationML wird ein Datenaustauschformat vorgeschlagen, was diesen Austausch realisieren kann.
Erhöhung der Flexibilität und Robustheit zwischen Interaktionspartnern durch das Merkmalmodell
Authors: Belyaev Alexander , Diedrich Christian 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Nutzung der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IuK) in der Automatisierungstechnik ist unverzichtbar geworden. Dadurch kann den hohen Anforderungen an Flexibilität, Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit der Automatisierungskomponenten besser Rechnung getragen werden. Der Einsatz der IuK erfolgt in nahezu allen Phasen des Lebenszyklusses. Kurz: die Digitalisierung und das Konzept der „Smart Factory“ sind ein ungebrochener Trend.
Durch die Digitalisierung von physischen Objekten und Prozessen entsteht ein Cyber Physisches System (CPS). Wesentliche Eigenschaft eines solchen Systems ist es, dass CPS über das Internet der Dinge (IoT) untereinander kommunizieren, kooperieren und für die Abwicklung von Geschäftsprozessen Informationen austauschen können. Dazu müssen die CPS an ihren Schnittstellen Informationen semantisch eindeutig bereitstellen.
Die industriellen und öffentlichen Netzwerke können physisch jedes Datum bereitstellen. Die Modellierung der Bedeutungen der Daten, d. h. die Beschreibung von Dingen und ihrer Funktionen in einer für die automatisierte Verarbeitung geeigneten Art und Weise stellen eine der aktuellen Herausforderungen dar.
In diesem Beitrag soll das Konzept der Verwendung der Merkmale für den Informationsaustausch im operativen Betrieb beschrieben werden. Es soll gezeigt werden, wie anhand der Merkmale ein Übergang von dem Austausch der Informationen mit impliziter Semantik zu dem Austausch der Informationen mit expliziter Semantik erfolgen kann. Es soll gezeigt werden, wie die Erhöhung der Robustheit und Flexibilität des Zusammenwirkens zwischen den Interaktionspartnern erreicht werden kann, wenn die Beschreibung von Merkmalen mit einem standardisierten Datenmodell durchgeführt und zur Laufzeit zugreifbar wird.
From SRAFAP to ARCA and AIDA – developments and implementation of automated aqueous-phase rapid chemistry apparatuses for heavy actinides and transactinides
Authors: Schädel Matthias , Nagame Yuichiro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The development of automated rapid chemistry techniques and their application for batch-wise, chromatographic separations of heavy elements in the liquid-phase are outlined. Starting in the mid-1970s with manually performed separations using pressurized liquid-chromatography techniques, this development led to the first version of the Automated Rapid Chemistry Apparatus, ARCA, in the early 1980s. After a breakthrough to a much higher level of automation and miniaturization, the new apparatus ARCA II was built in the late 1980s. Based on it, the Automated Ion-exchange separation apparatus coupled with the Detection system for Alpha spectroscopy, AIDA, became operational in the late 1990s. In the context of technical and technological advancements, this article discusses the successful application of these instruments for (i) the search for superheavy elements, (ii) cross section measurements of actinide elements produced in multi-nucleon transfer reactions with actinide targets, (iii) chemical separation and characterization of the heavy actinides mendelevium, Md, and lawrencium, Lr, and (iv) studies of the transactinide elements rutherfordium, Rf, dubnium, Db, and seaborgium, Sg. Details of the separations are outlined together with the big advancements made over time and the limitations reached. For the transactinide elements, examples are given for their observed chemical behavior; often affected by an interplay between hydrolysis and complex formation. Influenced by relativistic effects, chemical properties of these elements sometimes deviated from those of their lighter homologs in the Periodic Table.
Praktiken des Zitierens in der vormodernen Wissensliteratur
Authors: Habermann Mechthild 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe article deals with formal and functional aspects of reported speech in printed natural history texts from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period from a pragmatic point of view. The topos of authority played a crucial role in medieval and early modern non-fictional literature and served to legitimize the knowledge offered by the author. Originally, direct or indirect citation proved knowledge of the authorities, a means by which the author claimed the truth for his statements. In the course of time, direct and indirect speech in scientific texts became more and more a formal and functional tool for positioning one’s own way of thinking in opposition to other opinions.
A structural and 121Sb Mössbauer-spectroscopic study of PrPdSb and NdPdSb
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Phase-pure samples of the antimonides PrPdSb and NdPdSb were prepared by arc-melting pieces of the elements and subsequent annealing. The samples were investigated by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction: NdPtSb type, space group P63
mc, a = 458.70(5), c = 780.55(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0272, 244 F
2 values, 11 variable parameters for PrPdSb and a = 458.18(4), c = 771.25(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0317, 229 F
2 values, 11 variable parameters for NdPdSb. The palladium and antimony atoms form slightly puckered Pd3Sb3 hexagons which are rotated by 60° in every other layer. The rare earth (RE) atoms are coordinated by two Pd3Sb3 hexagons with the RE–Pd shorter than the RE–Sb contacts. The 121Sb Mössbauer spectra at T = 5 K confirm the antimonide character with isomer shifts of −7.55 (PrPdSb) and −7.47 mm · s−1 (NdPdSb). In agreement with the crystal structures, each spectrum could be fitted with one quadrupole split signal.
Risk factor screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on the 2013 WHO criteria
Authors: Benhalima Katrien , Van Crombrugge Paul , Moyson Carolien , Verhaeghe Johan , Vandeginste Sofie , Verlaenen Hilde , Vercammen Chris , Maes Toon , Dufraimont Els , De Block Christophe , Jacquemyn Yves , Mekahli Farah , De Clippel Katrien , Van Den Bruel Annick , Loccufier Anne , Laenen Annouschka , Minschart Caro , Devlieger Roland , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: April 2019

Objective
Since many European countries use risk factor screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we aimed to determine the performance of selective screening for GDM based on the 2013 WHO criteria.

Design and methods
Overall, 1811 women received universal screening with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with GDM in 12.5% (n = 231) women based on the 2013 WHO criteria. We retrospectively applied different European selective screening guidelines to this cohort and evaluated the performance of different clinical risk factors to screen for GDM.

Results
By retrospectively applying the English, Irish, French and Dutch guidelines for selective screening, respectively 28.5% (n = 526), 49.7% (n = 916), 48.5% (n = 894) and 50.7% (n = 935) had at least one risk factor, with GDM prevalence of respectively 6.5% (n = 120), 7.9% (n = 146), 8.0% (n = 147) and 8.4% (n = 154). Using maternal age ≥30 and/or BMI ≥25 for screening, positive rate was 69.9% (n = 1288), GDM prevalence 10.2% (n = 188), sensitivity 81.4% (CI: 75.8–86.2%) and specificity 31.8% (CI: 29.5–34.1%). Adding other clinical risk factors did not improve detection. GDM women without risk factors had more neonatal hypoglycemia (14.4 vs 4.0%, P = 0.001) and labor inductions (39.7 vs 25.9%, P = 0.020) than normal-glucose tolerant women, and less cesarean sections than GDM women with risk factors (13.8 vs 31.0%, P = 0.010).

Conclusions
By applying selective screening by European guidelines, about 50% of women would need an OGTT with the lowest number of missed cases (33%) by the Dutch guidelines. Screening with age ≥30 years and/or BMI ≥25, reduced the number of missed cases to 18.6% but 70% would need an OGTT.
Mechanochemical synthesis of Co3C carbide with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nakonechna O. I. , Dashevski M. M. , Kurylyuk A. M. , Bilyavyna N. M. 
Published: April 2019

Nanoscaled (about 15 nm of size) metastable carbide Co3C was synthesized in a high-energy planetary ball mill by mechanical alloying of a mixture of powder cobalt (75 at. %) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT, 25 at. %). Phase transformation takes place at reaction milling according to the reaction hcp-Co + CNT ® Co3C (reaction time is 120 - 220 min). The crystal structure of the Co3C carbide formed in the milling products was studied by X-ray diffraction method. It has revealed that the Co3C phase crystallizes in a Fe3C-type structure with a = 0.4982(3) nm, b = 0.6715(6) nm, c = 0.4457(7) nm, Pnma space group. The reliability factor RB is equal to 0.065 for 48 reflections presented at diffraction pattern. It is found that the crystal structure of the Co3C carbide obtained by reaction milling of the Co-CNT charge is significantly internally deformed (distortion degree of the CCo6 octahedron is 3.67 %) and contains the reduced interatomic Co-C distances (up to 0.188 nm). It was shown that the use of carbon nanotubes instead of graphite substantially reduces the duration of the Co3C carbide synthesis.
Structure and morphology of MoS2 / Carbon nanocomposite materials
Authors: Boychuk V.M. , Shyyko L.O. , Kotsyubynsky V.O. , Kachmar A. 
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the experimental results of the hydrothermal synthesis composite materials based on the MoS2 and carbon using different types of detergents (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Triton-X) or microporous carbon. The synthesized material was studied by XRD, TEM, and EDS. The investigation of structural and morphological properties of the obtained nanocomposite material shows that the nanoparticles (the average size of about 40 nm) obtained by detergent-assisted procedure have a multilayer crystal ordered superficial layers where quasi-two-dimensional MoS2 layers alternate with amorphous carbon. The annealing at 500oC in argon caused the formation turbostratically stacked layers of crystalline MoS2 with amorphous carbon located in the interlayer space. The core-shall morphology (carbon nanoparticles on the surface of MoS2 clusters) was observed for composite materials synthesized on the base of microporous carbon.
Las emociones: una breve historia en su marco filosófico y cultural en la Antigüedad
Authors: Pinedo Cantillo Iván Alfonso , Yáñez Canal Jaime 
Published: April 2019

Aunque las emociones se encuentran en el núcleo de quienes somos, su naturaleza y estructura continúa siendo hoy en día un amplio campo de investigación para diferentes disciplinas científicas. No obstante, como muchos otros temas de investigación actual, las emociones tienen unos antecedentes, una historia que conviene tener presente para ubicar los conceptos, los debates y las diversas aproximaciones teóricas en el marco cultural y las tradiciones de pensamiento que les dieron origen. En este artículo, realizaremos un breve recorrido por la historia de las emociones en la época antigua de tal manera que el lector pueda reconocer, a grandes rasgos, las interpretaciones y posturas originales que desencadenaron diversas comprensiones teóricas en torno a estos fenómenos físicos y mentales que conforman nuestra existencia.
The Effect of Neutral Recombination Variation on Genome Scans for Selection
Authors: Lotterhos Katie E 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecently, there has been an increasing interest in identifying the role that regions of low recombination or inversion play in adaptation of species to local environments. Many examples of groups of adapted genes located within inversions are arising in the literature, in part inspired by theory that predicts the evolution of these so-called “supergenes.” We still, however, have a poor understanding of how genomic heterogeneity, such as varying rates of recombination, may confound signals of selection. Here, I evaluate the effect of neutral inversions and recombination variation on genome scans for selection, including tests for selective sweeps, differentiation outlier tests, and association tests. There is considerable variation among methods in their performance, with some methods being unaffected and some showing elevated false positive signals within a neutral inversion or region of low recombination. In some cases the false positive signal can be dampened or removed, if it is possible to use a quasi-independent set of SNPs to parameterize the model before performing the test. These results will be helpful to those seeking to understand the importance of regions of low recombination in adaptation.