bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophages in wound healing: activation and plasticity
Authors: Kim Sang Yong , Nair Meera G 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMacrophages are critically involved in wound healing, from dampening inflammation to clearing cell debris and coordinating tissue repair. Within the wound, the complexity of macrophage function is increasingly recognized, with adverse outcomes when macrophages are inappropriately activated, such as in fibrosis or chronic non‐healing wounds. Recent advances in in vivo and translational wound models, macrophage‐specific deletions and new technologies to distinguish macrophage subsets, have uncovered the vast spectrum of macrophage activation and effector functions. Here, we summarize the main players in wound‐healing macrophage activation and function, including cytokines, apoptotic cells, nucleotides and mechanical stimuli. We highlight recent studies demonstrating cooperation between these factors for optimal wound healing. Next, we describe recent technologies such as cell tracking and single‐cell RNA‐seq, which have uncovered remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity in blood‐derived or tissue‐resident macrophages and discuss the implications for wound healing. Lastly, we evaluate macrophage dysfunction in aberrant wound healing that occurs in aging, diabetes and fibrosis. A better understanding of the longevity and plasticity of wound‐healing macrophages, and identification of unique macrophage subsets or specific effector molecules in wound healing, would shed light on the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophage function for optimal wound healing.
Polymer‐derived silicon nitride ceramics by digital light processing based additive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Min , Xie Chen , He Rujie , Ding Guojiao , Zhang Keqiang , Wang Gang , Fang Daining 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, silicon nitride ceramic components with simple cuboid and complex honeycomb and lattice structures from preceramic polymers were fabricated by using digital light processing (DLP) based additive manufacturing and pyrolysis. The photosensitive precursor for DLP based additive manufacturing was prepared by mixing high ceramic yield polysilazane with commercial acrylic resin and photoinitiator. The material formulation and the structure of the green body were characterized by using FTIR. Si3N4 ceramic cuboid, 2D‐structured Si3N4 ceramic honeycomb, and 2D‐structured Si3N4 ceramic lattice with high precision were fabricated. The DLP‐prepared specimens were pyrolyzed at different temperatures, and the crystalline phases after pyrolysis were analyzed by using XRD. The optimal pyrolysis temperature was found to be 1400°C.microstructures were characterized by using SEM. The compressive behavior of the complex‐shaped Si3N4 ceramic structures was measured and discussed in detail.
Reflective assessment for epistemic agency of academically low‐achieving students
Authors: Yang Yuqin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the role and process of reflective assessment supported by the Knowledge Connections Analyzer in helping low academic achievers to develop epistemic agency in knowledge building. The participants were 33 ninth‐grade low achievers from a visual arts course in Hong Kong. A comparison class of 33 students, taught by the same teacher and studying the same topics in a regular knowledge‐building environment, also participated. Qualitative tracing of students' online discourse showed that reflective assessment can help low achievers develop high‐level epistemic agency. Qualitative analysis of the students' prompt sheets revealed that reflective assessment encouraged low achievers to set knowledge‐building goals, collectively and continuously analyse and reflect on their inquiry and ideas, and generate actions to address identified gaps, thus helping them engage in high‐level epistemic agency. The study results have important implications for designing technology‐rich environments that support learners and offer insights into how teachers can help learners develop epistemic agency.
The effects of a theory‐based summary writing tool on students' summary writing
Authors: Chew Chiou Sheng , Idris Norisma , Loh Er Fu , Wu Wen‐Chi Vivian , Chua Yan Piaw , Bimba Andrew Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the design and evaluation of a theory‐based computer‐assisted summary writing learning environment called Summary Writing‐PAL (SW‐PAL). The SW‐PAL was developed based on four aspects: summarizing strategies, learning theories, prior knowledge, and cognitive load. A quasi‐experiment that involved 58 undergraduates majoring in Computer Science was conducted to examine the effectiveness of SW‐PAL in writing summaries. Two intact classes were selected with 28 and 30 students in control and experimental groups, respectively. The conventional teaching approach was employed in the control group, whereas the SW‐PAL was introduced to the experimental group. Pretest and posttest were administrated to both groups. The findings indicated that SW‐PAL improved students' summary writing performance. A significant variance was noted between intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load among students with varying levels of English proficiency in the experimental group, signifying that the SW‐PAL is more suitable for students with lower language proficiency.
The spectrum of benign dermal dendritic melanocytic proliferations
Authors: Baykal C. , Yılmaz Z. , Sun G.P. , Büyükbabani N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDermal melanocytoses (DMs) comprise a heterogeneous group of benign lesions, located on skin and mucous membranes, characterized by dendritic melanocytes in the dermis. Although they share common histopathological features, some variants may present only as bluish or grey patches, some only as papules/nodules/plaques and others may show combination of all of these lesions. Despite the fact that blue naevus (BN) is typically characterized with papulonodular lesions, its variants may show all of the aforementioned presentations. Mongolian spot, naevus of Ota and naevus of Ito are patchy DMs distinguished by their specific localizations. Apart from these classical forms, many atypical variants without unique clinicopathological characteristics have been described in the literature making the nomenclature of DMs more complicated. However, congenital dermal melanocytosis and acquired dermal melanocytosis seem to be crucial umbrella terms that encompass all patchy DMs in atypical locations. Papules or subcutaneous nodules on patchy lesions and association of epidermal pigmentation presenting as brownish patches may be encountered as rare features of DMs. On the other hand, delayed‐onset subcutaneous nodules may be typical presentations of melanoma in patchy DMs; therefore, they deserve special attention. Large plaque‐type BN with subcutaneous cellular nodules is a newly described entity, harbouring clinical features of various DMs together and has a high risk of melanoma. The whole spectrum of dermal dendritic melanocytic proliferations is discussed including novelties and controversial issues.
Photocatalytic effects on the quality of pork packed in the package combined with TiO2 coated nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei , Cai Huanhuan , Sun Da‐Wen , Wang Hsiao‐Wen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ability of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) offers new opportunity to decontaminate perishable foods. The current study was aimed to prepare a TiO2 coated nonwoven fabric photocatalytic package (TiO2/NWF package) and assess the effects of in‐package photocatalysis on pork. In this study, layer by layer self‐assembly method was chosen to coat TiO2 nanoparticles on the NWF and eight layers TiO2 loading showed the higher photoactivity. A selected TiO2/NWF composite was combined with a package to form TiO2/NWF package. Pork was stored in the TiO2/NWF package, the antibacterial effects of TiO2 photocatalysis (TPC) on total viable count and Escherichia coli in pork were achieved. TPC treatment provided better antibacterial efficiency as compared with UV treatment alone. Moreover, TPC treatment significantly (p < .05) influenced pH and lipid oxidation after exposure for 45 min. These results indicate that TiO2/NWF package has the potential for preserving fresh foods.Practical applicationsTraditional thermal treatment can adversely affect the sensory and nutritional quality of foods, titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis as a nonthermal disinfection technology can provide a low cost and convenient approach to reduce the risk of microbial contamination and enhance the safety of fresh products. The current study developed a TiO2 coated nonwoven fabric photocatalytic package (TiO2/NWF package) and evaluated effects of in‐package photocatalysis on pork samples. Results showed that photocatalytic reactions took place in the TiO2/NWF package and the generated active ROS contributed to the inactivation of microbes. Therefore, TiO2 photocatalysis has great potential for ensuring food safety for the food industry.
Relationship of Functional Reach Test scores and falls in Special Olympics athletes
Authors: Thomas J. , O'Neal S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Functional Reach Test is used to assess balance of Special Olympic athletes as part of the FUNfitness screens held at Special Olympics games. However, it is unknown if the Functional Reach Test is an accurate assessment of balance in this population. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between Functional Reach Test scores and falls in Special Olympic athletes.MethodsData were collected as a part of the FUNfitness screens during Arizona Special Olympics games. The Functional Reach Test scores of 272 Special Olympic athletes were recorded. Athletes were asked to report the number of falls they experienced in the last 12 months.ResultsA two‐tailed Kendall tau test revealed little to no relationship between number of falls and Functional Reach Test scores of either the left upper extremity (n = 263, τ = −0.063, P = 0.202) or the right upper extremity (n = 263, τ = −0.107, P = 0.030). Sensitivity of the Functional Reach Test to identify fallers was 28.8%, and specificity was 83.5%.ConclusionsScores of the Functional Reach Test did not correlate with actual falls. The relatively high specificity indicates the assessment is good at identifying non‐fallers, while the low sensitivity results in a high number of fallers not being recognised as such. Therefore, the cut‐off scores used for the Functional Reach Test in FUNfitness screenings may need to be altered to more accurately identify balance deficits in this population. FUNfitness screens need to be quick, efficient and accurate. As such, selection of the most appropriate assessment tools is essential. Consideration should be given on how to make the Functional Reach Test the most beneficial as a FUNfitness screen.
Fragile X syndrome clinical trials: exploring parental decision‐making
Authors: D'Amanda C. S. , Peay H. L. , Wheeler A. C. , Turbitt E. , Biesecker B. B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this research was to understand parental proxy decision‐making for drug trial participation for children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Specifically, we aimed to capture preferences, motivations, influencing factors and barriers related to trial involvement among trial joiners and decliners and describe ease of trial decision‐making and decisional regret.MethodsInterviews were conducted with parents from two groups: those who chose to enrol their child with FXS in a trial (N = 16; Joiners) and those who declined trial participation (N = 15; Decliners). Data were coded and interpreted through inductive content analysis.ResultsProminent decisional factors included attitudes about medicating FXS symptoms, potential for direct benefit (primarily evaluated through the degree of match between target outcomes and child symptomatology and drug mechanism), logistical convenience and perceived risks of side effects. The ultimate motivation for participation was potential for direct benefit. None of the parents reported decisional regret, and ease of decision‐making ranged from easy to difficult for our participants.ConclusionsTherapeutic optimism was high among those who elected participation. Parents may benefit from an explanation of the rationale behind chosen outcome variables and may be more interested in trials that target or measure as an exploratory outcome the symptoms they find most concerning. Our findings reinforce the need for future trials to reduce participant inconvenience. Our results contrast with what has previously been observed in parents of children with life‐threatening conditions; parents of children with FXS may be more trial risk averse and find trial decisions to be harder. Parents of children with FXS considering trials may benefit from a decisional intervention aimed at deliberating motivations and barriers.
Household Debt Overhang and Unemployment
Authors: DONALDSON JASON RODERICK , PIACENTINO GIORGIA , THAKOR ANJAN 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe use a labor‐search model to explain why the worst employment slumps often follow expansions of household debt. We find that households protected by limited liability suffer from a household‐debt‐overhang problem that leads them to require high wages to work. Firms respond by posting high wages but few vacancies. This vacancy posting effect implies that high household debt leads to high unemployment. Even though households borrow from banks via bilaterally optimal contracts, the equilibrium level of household debt is inefficiently high due to a household‐debt externality. We analyze the role that a financial regulator can play in mitigating this externality.
Do psychosocial variables mediate the relationship between menopause symptoms and sexual function in middle‐aged perimenopausal women?
Authors: Hong Ji H. , Kim Hye Y. , Kim Ji Y. , Kim Hyun K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo test a hypothetical path model evaluating the influence of menopause symptoms on sexual function among middle‐aged perimenopausal women, as well as identify the mediating roles of body image, depression and sexual communication in this relationship.MethodsWe used a cross‐sectional, correlational design. We included one exogenous variable (menopause symptoms) and four endogenous variables (body image, depression, sexual communication and sexual function) in the proposed model. All data were collected between January 19 and March 11, 2016, and analyzed using spss statistics 25.0 and AMOS 23.0.ResultsEight of the nine hypothesized paths in the model were significant. Specifically, menopause symptoms were significantly associated with sexual function via the effects of body image, depression and sexual communication.ConclusionThis study may provide basic data for counseling and nursing programs to help improve sexual function in middle‐aged perimenopausal women. Particularly, these programs should focus on the indirect paths via body image, depression and sexual communication, such as by improving body image and sexual communication and reducing depression.
Longitudinal Pathways From Shyness in Early Childhood to Personality in Adolescence: Do Peers Matter?
Authors: Baardstu Silje , Coplan Robert J. , Karevold Evalill B. , Laceulle Odilia M. , von Soest Tilmann 
Published: February 2019

Temperamental shyness in childhood is theorized to be an important contributor for adolescent personality. However, empirical evidence for such pathways is scarce. Using longitudinal data (N = 939 children, 51% boys) across 17 years, the aim of this study was to examine how shyness development throughout childhood predicted personality traits in adolescence, and the role of peers in these associations. Results from piecewise latent growth curve modeling showed early shyness levels to predict lower emotional stability and openness in adolescence, whereas early shyness levels and growth across childhood predicted lower extraversion. Peer problems in early adolescence accounted for these associations. This study is the first to demonstrate the role of childhood shyness and peer relations for adolescents’ personality development.
Urinalysis and determination of the urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio reference interval in healthy cows
Authors: Herman Nicolas , Bourgès‐Abella Nathalie , Braun Jean‐Pierre , Ancel Camille , Schelcher François , Trumel Catherine 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThere are no reference intervals for urinalysis in cattle.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCharacterize the urine of healthy cows, establish urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) reference intervals, and test possible differences among dairy and beef cattle, age groups, or stage of lactation.AnimalsSeventy‐seven dairy and 74 beef 2.5 to 17 year‐old cows of different breeds housed mainly in free stall.MethodsIn this prospective study, urine specimens were collected by catheterization. Complete urinalysis was performed within 1 hour including specific gravity, dipstick evaluation, visual urine pH evaluation with 0.3 pH unit graded strips, and microscopic evaluation of the sediment. Urinary protein and creatinine concentrations and protein electrophoresis were determined on frozen aliquots.ResultsOverall reference intervals were 1.020 to 1.045 for USG, 7.0 to 8.7 for pH, and 0.04 to 0.25 for UPC; because of differences in creatinine concentration, UPC was lower in beef (0.04‐0.14) than in dairy (0.05‐0.25) cows and in the latter in dry than lactating cows. With dipstick evaluation, most analytes were absent except for blood, ketone, and protein in 24.7, 16.0, and 64.7% of cases, respectively. Microscopic evaluation revealed less than 3 red blood cells, leukocytes, and epithelial cells in 84, 99.3, and 100% cows, respectively. No band was observed at electrophoresis, except in 1 case at MW ~66 000.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCreatininuria is higher in beef than dairy cows and proteinuria is likely more efficiently characterized by protein concentration than by UPC.
Perils of scaling up: Effects of expanding a nutrition programme in Madagascar
Authors: Weber Ann M. , Galasso Emanuela , Fernald Lia C.H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractScaling up integrated nutrition programmes from small, targeted interventions or pilot studies to large‐scale government‐run programmes can be challenging, with risks of changing the nature and quality of the interventions such that effectiveness is not sustained. In 1999, the Government of Madagascar introduced a nationwide, community‐based, growth‐monitoring and nutrition education programme, which was gradually scaled up throughout the country until 2011. Data from three nationally representative surveys, administered pre‐ and post‐programme implementation, in participating and non‐participating communities, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme to reduce malnutrition in children under 5 after two phases of expansion (1999–2004 and 2004–2011). In our analyses, we compared “original” communities, who had initiated the programme during the first phase, and “new” communities, who initiated the programme during the second phase. “Original” communities demonstrated a significant effect on mean weight‐for‐age and on the prevalence of underweight by 2004; this effect was sustained at a reduced level through 2011. In contrast, “new” communities showed no benefits for any childhood nutritional outcomes. An explanation for these findings may be that community health workers in the “new” communities reported lower motivation and less use of key messages and materials than those in the “original” communities. Frontline workers reported increased workload and irregular pay across the board during the second phase of programme expansion. Our findings underscore the risk of losing effectiveness if programme quality is not maintained during scale‐up. Key factors, such as training and motivation of frontline workers, are important to address when bringing a programme to scale.
Integrating nutrition services into health care systems platforms: Where are we and where do we go from here
Authors: Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Engmann Cyril 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntegrating maternal–child nutrition into health care services is a desirable but complex task that requires implementation research studies. This special supplement, entitled “How to Strengthen Nutrition into the Health Platform: Programmatic Evidence and Experience from Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries” presents a collection of mixed‐methods research and case studies mostly conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa that help us gain a better understanding of the barriers and facilitators for this integration to happen. Collectively, the evidence confirms that integrating nutrition services as part of health care systems and other platforms is feasible, but for that to be successful, there is a need to address strong barriers related to all six key health care systems building blocks identified by the World Health Organization. These include financing, health information systems, health workforce, supplies and technology, governance, and service delivery. Moving forward, it is crucial that more robust implementation science research is conducted within the rough and tumble of real‐world programming to better understand how to best integrate and scale up nutrition services across health care systems and other platforms based on dynamic complex adaptive systems frameworks. This research can help better understand how the key health care systems building blocks need to interlock and communicate with each other to improve the policymakers' ability to integrate and scale up nutrition services in a more timely and cost‐effective way.
A biopsychosocial approach to processes and pathways in the development of overweight and obesity in childhood: Insights from developmental theory and research
Authors: Russell Catherine G. , Russell Alan 
Published: February 2019

SummaryChildhood obesity has reached alarming proportions in many countries. There is consensus that both biological (especially genetic) and environmental (including psychosocial) factors contribute to weight gain and obesity in childhood. Research has identified extensive risk or predictive factors for childhood obesity from both of these domains. There is less consensus about the developmental processes or pathways showing how these risk factors lead to overweigh/obesity (OW/OB) in childhood. We outline a biopsychosocial process model of the development of OW/OB in childhood. The model and associated scholarship from developmental theory and research guide an analysis of research on OW/OB in childhood. The model incorporates biological factors such as genetic predispositions or susceptibility genes, temperament, and homeostatic and allostatic processes with the psychosocial and behavioral factors of parenting, parental feeding practices, child appetitive traits, food liking, food intakes, and energy expenditure. There is an emphasis on bidirectional and transactional processes linking child biology and behavior with psychosocial processes and environment. Insights from developmental theory and research include implications for conceptualization, measurement, research design, and possible multiple pathways to OW/OB. Understanding the developmental processes and pathways involved in childhood OW/OB should contribute to more targeted prevention and intervention strategies in childhood.