bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grandisol as an attractant for the sugar beet pest Bothynoderes affinis and data on other Lixinae species
Authors: Toshova Teodora B. , Tóth Miklós , Velchev Dimitar I. , Meregalli Massimo , Talamelli Fabio , Abaev Vasiliy D. , Imrei Zoltán , Lohonyai Zsófia , Subchev Mitko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs a result of field tests in Bulgaria and Hungary, cis‐2‐isopropenyl‐l‐methylcyclobutane ethanol (racemic grandisol) is reported for the first time as an attractant for Bothynoderes affinis (Schrank) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Lixinae), a member of the pest weevil complex of sugar beet. Dose–response experiments in the field using Csalomon TAL (modified pitfall) traps (Plant Protection Institute, CAR HAS, Budapest, Hungary) showed that catches of B. affinis adults increased with increasing attractant dose. In a subsequent experiment studying the effect of trap color (white, blue, yellow, fluorescent yellow, and transparent) all traps with the lure caught more than non‐baited control traps, and the highest number of adults was recorded in transparent and yellow baited traps. Trap color had a significant effect on the number of B. affinis females captured. Transparent TAL traps baited with 1–10 mg grandisol applied on rubber dispensers are recommended for the detection and monitoring of B. affinis. In addition to the target species, 17 other Lixinae species were captured during the field experiments, demonstrating for the first time the possible role of grandisol in the chemical communication systems of some of these species. A second locality of Lixus punctiventris Boheman (Lixinae, Lixini) in Bulgaria is reported. TAL traps baited with grandisol might be a useful tool for surveying Lixinae diversity in different biotopes.
Investigation of bias in an epilepsy machine learning algorithm trained on physician notes
Authors: Wissel Benjamin D. , Greiner Hansel M. , Glauser Tracy A. , Mangano Francesco T. , Santel Daniel , Pestian John P. , Szczesniak Rhonda D. , Dexheimer Judith W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRacial disparities in the utilization of epilepsy surgery are well documented, but it is unknown whether a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm trained on physician notes would produce biased recommendations for epilepsy presurgical evaluations. To assess this, an NLP algorithm was trained to identify potential surgical candidates using 1097 notes from 175 epilepsy patients with a history of resective epilepsy surgery and 268 patients who achieved seizure freedom without surgery (total N = 443 patients). The model was tested on 8340 notes from 3776 patients with epilepsy whose surgical candidacy status was unknown (2029 male, 1747 female, median age = 9 years; age range = 0‐60 years). Multiple linear regression using demographic variables as covariates was used to test for correlations between patient race and surgical candidacy scores. After accounting for other demographic and socioeconomic variables, patient race, gender, and primary language did not influence surgical candidacy scores (P > .35 for all). Higher scores were given to patients >18 years old who traveled farther to receive care, and those who had a higher family income and public insurance (P < .001, .001, .001, and .01, respectively). Demographic effects on surgical candidacy scores appeared to reflect patterns in patient referrals.
A large cyst in the distal femur of a horse
Authors: Skov Hansen S. , Lagerquist U. , Tóth T. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA 10‐year‐old Warmblood gelding presented with a left hindlimb lameness. Diagnostic analgesia located the lameness to the stifle. Radiography showed an unusually large cyst in the distal femur. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the stifle did not reveal any significant abnormalities. An extra‐articular transcortical approach to the cyst was performed for drainage, curettage, and provision of an autologous, cancellous bone graft, gentamicin‐impregnated collagen fleeces and injectable steroid. The horse returned to a higher level of competitive dressage than prior to surgery. This report describes a large cyst in the distal femur of a horse.
In‐hospital development of an aorto‐cardiac fistula in a Warmblood gelding with chronic renal disease
Authors: Baker R. E. , Schlipf J. W. , Scollan K. F. , LeBlanc N. L. , Russell D. S. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA 20‐year‐old Warmblood gelding presented for evaluation and treatment of ventral oedema and azotaemia of unknown aetiology. On presentation, a diastolic heart murmur was appreciated and echocardiography revealed moderate aortic insufficiency due to chronic degenerative valve disease. The horse was hospitalised and failed to respond to oral and i.v. fluids and diuretics. Following discontinuation of all fluid and diuretic therapy, the horse became acutely agitated and developed monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. The ventricular tachycardia spontaneously converted to normal sinus rhythm, however the heart murmur changed in timing to a right basilar continuous murmur and bounding jugular pulses were noted. Repeat echocardiogram revealed an aorto‐cardiac fistula with dissection into the basilar interventricular septum and left‐sided chamber volume overload that was not previously present. Attempts at stabilisation were unsuccessful and euthanasia was elected. Post‐mortem examination confirmed chronic renal disease of unknown aetiology in addition to an aorto‐cardiac fistula originating from the right sinus of Valsalva with subsequent dissection into the basilar interventricular septum.
Enhancing democratic accountability in health and social care: The role of reform and performance information in Health and Wellbeing Boards
Authors: Grubnic Suzana , Cooper Stuart 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe UK government passed the Health and Social Care Act in 2012, and a key element of this legislation was the introduction of Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs) in local government. HWBs were argued to have the potential to both improve democratic accountability and give greater autonomy to health and social care leaders to strengthen local health outcomes. This paper explores how members of HWBs construct and discharge accountability for better health outcomes to a local population. We find that there are multiple types of accountability present and that democratic accountability can be complemented by and compete with other types of accountability.
Development of thermal insulating material with low emissivity and high‐temperature stability
Authors: Akamine Shuko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a previous study, we demonstrated that porous magnesium aluminate spinels, MgAl2O4, with two different pore size ranges (diameter = 0.05‐1 μm and 1‐5 μm) exhibited thermal conductivities of less than 0.3 W/(m K) in the high‐temperature region of 1000°C‐1500°C. In contrast, thermal insulating materials that are stable at even higher temperatures would offer further improved thermal efficiency and energy savings. Therefore, we investigated lanthanum hexaaluminate, LaAl11O18, with the expectation that its plate‐like grain morphology would allow stable retention of its porosity at high temperatures. A process was developed for generating pores with the desired dimensions for use of the thermal insulating materials at high temperatures. The heat transfer behavior of these materials was evaluated via optical measurements. Herein, we report the structures and thermal properties of the obtained porous ceramics, including determination of the thermal emissivity measurements, to demonstrate their superior high‐temperature thermal insulating properties.
Organization of the subumbrellar musculature in the ephyra, juvenile, and adult stages of Aurelia aurita Medusae
Authors: Zimmerman Keeley L. , Jamshidi Armin D. , Buckenberger Andreana , Satterlie Richard A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe used fluorescently labeled phalloidin to examine the subumbrellar musculature of the scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia aurita in a developmental series from ephyra to adult medusa. In the ephyra, the swim musculature includes a disc‐like sheet of circular muscle, in addition to two radial bands of muscle in each of the eight ephyral arms. The radial muscle bands join with the circular muscle, and both circular and radial muscle act together during each swim contraction. As the ephyra grows into a juvenile medusa, arms tissue is resorbed as the bell tissue grows outward, so eventually, the ephyral arms disappear. During this process, the circular muscle disc also grows outward and the radial muscle bands of the arms also disappear. At this time, a marginal gap appears at the bell margin, which is devoid of circular muscle cells, but has a loose arrangement of radial muscle fibers. This marginal gap is preserved as the medusa grows, and contributes to the floppy nature of the bell margin. Radial distortions in the circular muscle layer involve muscle fibers that run in random directions, with a primarily radial orientation. These are believed to be remnants of the radial muscle of the ephyral arms, and the distortions decrease in number and extent as the medusa grows. Since the mechanics of swimming changes from drag‐based paddling in the ephyra to marginal rowing in the adult medusa, the development of the marginal gap and the presence of radial distortions should be considered in terms of this mechanical transition.
The thriving of older people assessment scale: Psychometric evaluation and short‐form development
Authors: Baxter Rebecca , Lövheim Hugo , Björk Sabine , Sköldunger Anders , Lindkvist Marie , Sjögren Karin , Sandman Per‐Olof , Bergland Ådel , Winblad Bengt , Edvardsson David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the psychometric properties and performance of the 32‐item Thriving of Older People Assessment Scale (TOPAS) and to explore reduction into a short‐form.BackgroundThe 32‐item TOPAS has been used in studies of place‐related well‐being as a positive measure in long‐term care to assess nursing home resident thriving; however, item redundancy has not previously been explored.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodStaff members completed the 32‐item TOPAS as proxy raters for a random sample of Swedish nursing home residents (N = 4,831) between November 2013 ‐ September 2014. Reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and item response theory‐based analysis were undertaken. Items were systematically identified for reduction using statistical and theoretical analysis. Correlation testing, means comparison and model fit evaluation confirmed scale equivalence.ResultsPsychometric properties of the 32‐item TOPAS were satisfactory and several items were identified for scale reduction. The proposed short‐form TOPAS exhibited a high level of internal consistency (α = 0.90) and strong correlation (r = 0.98) to the original scale, while also retaining diversity among items in terms of factor structure and item difficulties.ConclusionThe 32‐item and short‐form TOPAS’ indicated sound validity and reliability to measure resident thriving in the nursing home context.ImpactThere is a lack of positive life‐world measures for use in nursing homes. The short‐form TOPAS indicated sound validity and reliability to measure resident thriving, providing a feasible measure with enhanced functionality for use in aged care research, assessments and care planning for health‐promoting purposes in nursing homes.
On the road: Postglacial history and recent expansion of the annual Atriplex tatarica in Europe
Authors: Hodková Eva , Doudová Jana , Douda Jan , Krak Karol , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe Holocene history of annual plant species is at best shadowy because, for most, the palaeobotanical data are scarce or absent. Hence, there is limited information on their glacial refugia and postglacial colonization pathways. Also, little is known on how human activity has affected their expansion. Here, we outline the joint influences of postglacial colonization and recent expansions on the genetic diversity of the continental, sub‐halophyte species Atriplex tatarica during the late Pleistocene and the Holocene.LocationEurope.TaxonAtriplex tatarica (Amaranthaceae).MethodsWe analysed 780 individuals from 80 populations throughout the current European distribution range, employing chloroplast DNA sequences and microsatellite markers.ResultsFive haplotype lineages were recognized based on the results of the cpDNA phylogenetic analyses. These lineages originated 0.43–0.22 myr BP. Bayesian clustering analyses divided populations of A. tatarica into two clusters: (a) populations in the Pannonian Basin and the Bohemian Massif and (b) populations in the North European Plain, the Balkan Peninsula, the Carpathian Arc and the Pontic region. The ABC approach provided the strongest statistical support for a model proposing refugia in the Balkan Peninsula and the Pannonian Basin. Expansions from these refugia occurred around 7,000 yr BP.Main conclusionAtriplex tatarica represents a continental species growing exclusively in man‐made habitats. It serves as a phylogeographic model for annual ruderal taxa currently spreading in central Europe along highways and representing a large group of alien plant species, the so‐called archaeophytes. Atriplex tatarica survived the last glaciation in both a southerly located Balkan refugium and in a more northerly refugium in the Pannonian Basin. From these, the species has colonized Europe as a result of expansion of humans and the anthropogenic climate change. The massive colonization of central north Europe is very recent, with the expansion estimated to have occurred only hundreds of years ago.
Disentangling the fundamental branching patterns of phylogenetic divergence to refine eco‐phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Molina‐Venegas Rafael , Fischer Markus , Hemp Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimPrevious studies have shown that phylogenetic divergence (i.e. the average phylogenetic displacement between species in a community) is highly sensitive to the underlying branching patterns of phylogenies, suggesting that there is a need to integrate both facets of phylogenic information to obtain a better understanding of assemblage structure. Here, we formally conceptualize the three fundamental branching patterns that can drive phylogenetic divergence, and propose a method to identify their signature in the communities based on the mean pairwise distance (MPD) metric.LocationGlobal.TaxaAll.MethodsOur approach consists of the joint interpretation of two MPD‐derived metrics that summarize the differential contribution of individual phylogenetic branches to the observed divergence, which serves to evaluate to what extent the later emerges from contrasting branching patterns. We conduct simulation analyses to compare our two metrics with eight classical descriptors of phylogenetic structure, and use multi‐strata tropical plant communities along a gradient of land use intensity (LUI) to further illustrate our method.ResultsAs expected, our metrics correlated to some extent with the classical descriptors of phylogenetic structure, although the relationships were complex and varied systematically with species richness and the specific combination of metric values considered. Consequently, the information provided by our two indexes was only partially captured by their most correlated classical descriptors. We detected differential signatures of the fundamental branching patterns in our real‐world dataset, either across vegetation strata and also within strata along the LUI gradient, which provided greater insight into potential assembly mechanisms.Main conclusionsWhile the sole use of phylogenetic divergence may lead to spurious interpretations in eco‐phylogenetic studies, our approach can help to obtain a better understanding of assemblage structure by systematically analyzing phylogenetic divergence in the light of its fundamental branching patterns.
Barriers and facilitators to reducing anticholinergic burden from the perspectives of patients, their carers, and healthcare professionals: A protocol for qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Stewart Carrie , Gallacher Katie , Nakham Athagran , Cruickshank Moira , Newlands Rumana , Bond Christine , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Bhattacharya Debi , Mair Frances S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnticholinergic drugs are prescribed for a range of conditions including gastrointestinal disorders, overactive bladder, allergies, and depression. While in some circumstances anticholinergic effects are therapeutic, they also pose many undesired or adverse effects. The overall impact from concomitant use of multiple medications with anticholinergic properties is termed anticholinergic burden (ACB). Greater ACB is associated with increased risks of impaired physical and cognitive function, falls, cardiovascular events, and mortality. This has led to the development of interventions aimed at reducing ACB through the deprescribing of anticholinergic drugs. However, little is known about the implementation issues that may influence successful embedding and integration of such interventions into routine clinical practice. In this paper, we present the protocol for our systematic review that aims to identify the qualitative evidence for the barriers and facilitators to reduce ACB from the perspectives of patients, carers, and healthcare professionals. A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted across OVID Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL. The review will be conducted in accordance with ENTREQ (Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research) and has been registered with PROSPERO (Registration CRD42018109084). Normalization process theory (NPT) will be used to explore, understand, and explain qualitative data in relation to factors that act as barriers or facilitators to ACB reduction.
Interactions between white mealybugs and red spider mites sequentially colonizing coffee plants
Authors: Peñaflor Maria Fernanda G. V. , Andrade Fernanda M. , Sales Lara , Silveira Erika C. , Santa‐Cecília Lenira V. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlants under herbivore attack often respond defensively by mounting chemical and physical defences. However, some herbivores can manipulate plant defences to their own benefit by suppressing the expression of induced defences. These herbivore‐induced changes specific to the attacking herbivore can either facilitate or impede the colonization and establishment of a second herbivore. Although recent studies have focused on the effect of multiple herbivory on plant induced response and the third trophic level, few have examined the ecological relevance of multiple herbivores sharing the host. Here, we investigated whether herbivory by the white mealybug Planococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) or the red spider mite Olygonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), two herbivores that peak in coffee plantations during the dry season, may facilitate the colonization and establishment of the other species in coffee plants. Dual‐choice arena tests showed that white mealybugs preferred mite‐infested over uninfested coffee plants as hosts. Fifteen days after the release of 50 first‐instar P. minor nymphs, greater numbers of nymphs and adults were found on mite‐infested than uninfested plants, indicating superior performance on mite‐infested plants. On the other hand, female red spider mites did not show clear preference between uninfested and mealybug‐infested plants and deposited similar numbers of eggs on both treatments. In a no‐choice test, red spider mites performed poorly on mealybug‐infested plants with a smaller number of eggs, nymphs, females and males found in mealybug‐infested plants relative to uninfested plants. Thus, our results indicate that coffee plants are more likely to be infested by the red spider mite before white mealybug, rather than the inverse sequence (i.e. mealybug infestation followed by red spider mites). Our findings are discussed in the context of plant manipulation reported for pseudococcid mealybugs and spider mites.
Isolation and identification of a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolate from wild largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in China
Authors: Zhang Wanwan , Li Zelin , Xiang Yangxi , Jia Peng , Liu Wei , Yi Meisheng , Jia Kuntong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFish rhabdoviruses are a family of viruses responsible for large‐scale fish die‐offs worldwide. Here, we reported the isolation and identification of a member of rhabdoviruses from wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the coastal area of the Pearl River Estuary, China. This virus isolate was identified as viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) by specific RT‐PCR. Furthermore, the virus (VHSVLB2018) was isolated by cell culture using fathead minnow cells and confirmed by RT‐PCR. Electron microscopy showed the presence of bullet‐shaped viral particles in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The complete sequencing of VHSVLB2018 confirmed that it was genome configuration typical of rhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole‐genome sequences and G gene nucleotides sequences revealed that VHSVLB2018 was assigned to VHSV genogroup Ⅳa. The pathogenicity of VHSVLB2018 was determined in infection experiments using specific pathogen‐free largemouth bass juveniles. VHSVLB2018‐infected fish showed typical clinical signs of VHSV disease, including darkened skin, petechial haemorrhages and pale enlarged livers, with the cumulative mortalities reached 63.3%–93.3% by 7 days post‐infection. VHSVLB2018 was re‐isolated from dead fish and confirmed by RT‐PCR. Together, this is the first report of isolation and identification of a VHSV isolate from wild largemouth bass in China.
Flood vulnerability assessment using a GIS‐based multi‐criteria approach—The case of Attica region
Authors: Feloni Elissavet , Mousadis Ioannis , Baltas Evangelos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe identification of flood‐prone areas is a fundamental component of rational urban planning and proper natural disaster management policy. The aim of the present study is to introduce a framework for the identification of flood‐prone areas using geographical information systems techniques and decision‐making, based on a comparative evaluation for various scenarios. As a case study, the Attica region in Greece is selected, which is occasionally affected by heavy rainfall, the main cause of flooding in the region, coupled with the fact that human activities and urbanization of recent years play a significant role in flood occurrence. In this context, the development and application of a GIS‐based multi‐criteria analysis method for the determination of areas susceptible to flood events is initially presented. The entire spatial analysis is performed using SAGA 6.3.0 and ArcMap 10.2 Desktop, by applying a number of alternative modifications and, finally, by evaluating different scenarios regarding methods for the criteria standardization, criteria hierarchy and factors' weighting estimation. The proposed framework has an advantage among other approaches, since it takes into account mainly static data that are linked to flooding, such as the topography and land cover distribution and it can be easily customized in ungauged catchments.