bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of Non‐Replicated Experiments in Farmers’ Fields. A Case of Balanced Fertilization Trials for Bean in Burundi
Authors: Sanabria Joaquin , Wendt John 
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas
Often agronomic experiments in farmers’ fields do not allow replications.
Between‐fields spatial variability can be used to model the error variance.
The modeled error variance in a GLMM is used to test treatment‐related hypotheses.
Using fields as replications can end in biased results due to fields’ autocorrelation.
ABSTRACTVery often agricultural experiments in smallholder farms are conducted without actual replications due to land restrictions. Using fields as replications and performing the ANOVA with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) model can result in misleading conclusions about treatment’s performance due to a biased error variance matrix estimated under the wrong assumption of independence between fields. A better alternative is using the spatial variability modeling features of the GLMM to generate an error term to perform unbiased hypothesis tests. Non‐replicated trials to estimate bean response to three fertilization treatments were conducted across 175 farmers’ fields in Burundi. Yields were used to compare the performance of an ANOVA using a GLMM where the exponential autocorrelation pattern of the residuals was used to model the error variance‐covariance matrix against an ANOVA following a RCBD model where the fields are handled as blocks. The fields were grouped in three clusters prior to the ANOVA. AIC and the Generalized Chi‐Sq./DF ratio values for the model involving spatial modeling were 165.3 and 1, respectively. The same fit statistic values from the RCBD model were 330.1 and 0.1, respectively. The near‐half magnitude of AIC in the spatial model relative to the RCBD model indicates higher model goodness of fit for the spatial model. The 0.1 value for the Generalized Chi‐Sq./DF ratio in the RCBD model suggests underdispersion and violation of the independence‐between‐fields assumption. Detection of a significant CLUSTER*TREATMENT by the spatial model corroborates the superiority of the ANOVA model involving spatial variability.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Rehabilitated and Undisturbed Riparian Forest
Authors: De Carlo N. D. , Oelbermann M. , Gordon A. M. 
Published: April 2019

Riparian zones enhance water quality and provide wildlife habitat, but high nutrient input in agricultural landscapes causes nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, potentially negating their benefits of C sequestration. The objectives of this study were to quantify spatiotemporal N2O emissions in a rehabilitated and undisturbed natural riparian forest. We also determined soil and vegetation characteristics, and their role in driving spatiotemporal N2O emissions. Mean N2O‐N emissions were not significantly (p < 0.05) different between rehabilitated (7.62 μg m−2 h−1) and undisturbed (5.93 μg m−2 h−1) riparian forests. The greatest (p < 0.05) N2O‐N emissions in both riparian forests were observed during the summer. Soil moisture, temperature, and N were significantly correlated to N2O‐N emissions. Our results show that soil and vegetation characteristics varied between the two riparian forests, but differences in N2O‐N emissions were negligible. We also found that N2O emissions were influenced by soil characteristics and seasonality, rather than vegetation characteristics or spatial position.Core Ideas
N2O emissions are influenced temporally rather than spatially in riparian zones.
Rehabilitated and undisturbed riparian forests have similar N2O emissions.
Seasonality and soil characteristics had a greater influence on N2O emissions than vegetation.
Riparian systems generated hot moments rather than hot spots of N2O emissions.
Evaluation of Arsenic Leaching Potential in Gold Mine Tailings Amended with Peat and Mine Drainage Treatment Sludge
Authors: Rakotonimaro T. V. , Guittonny M. , Neculita C. M. , Trépanier F. , Pépin G. 
Published: April 2019

Peat and mine drainage treatment sludge can be valorized as amendments on mine sites to stabilize gold mine tailings and reduce the potential leaching of contaminants in pore water. However, the influence of organic amendments on the mobility of metalloids and/or metals in the tailings must be validated, as the leached contaminants may vary according to their type, nature, and origin. The objective of the present study was to evaluate over time the effect of peat‐ and/or Fe‐rich sludge amendments on the mobility of As and metallic cations in the drainage water of tailings potentially producing contaminated neutral drainage. Ten duplicated weathering cell experiments containing tailings alone or amended with peat and/or Fe‐rich sludge (5–10% dry weight) were performed and monitored for 112 d. The results showed that as low as 5% peat amendment would promote As mobility in tailings’ pore water, with As concentrations exceeding Quebec discharge criteria (>0.2 mg L−1). In addition, As(III), the most mobile and toxic form, was predominant with 10% peat, whereas organic species were negligible in all cells. The use of peat alone as organic amendment for the stabilization of tailing contaminants could increase the risk of generating As‐rich contaminated neutral drainage. Conversely, the mix of only 5% Fe‐rich sludge with or without peat decreased As concentrations in leachates by 65 to 80%. Further studies on the use of “peat” or “peat + Fe‐rich sludge” as cover or amendment should be conducted with a focus on Fe/As and Ca/As ratios.Core Ideas
Peat amendments enhanced the leaching of As from gold mine tailings.
Amendments of 5% peat promoted As(V) leaching, whereas 10% peat increased As(III) leaching.
As(III) was predominant at ≥20 mg L−1 dissolved organic C from peat.
Mine drainage treatment sludge could decrease As concentrations by 65 to 80% in tailings’ pore water.
Compressibility of synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines to 60 GPa
Authors: Berryman Eleanor J. , Zhang Dongzhou , Wunder Bernd , Duffy Thomas S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction patterns on five synthetic Mg-Al tourmalines with near end-member compositions [dravite NaMg3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3OH, K-dravite KMg3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3OH, magnesio-foitite □(Mg2Al)Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3OH, oxy-uvite CaMg3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, and olenite NaAl3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3O3OH, where □ represents an X-site vacancy] were collected to 60 GPa at 300 K using a diamond-anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. No phase transitions were observed for any of the investigated compositions. The refined unit-cell parameters were used to constrain third-order Birch-Murnaghan pressure-volume equation of states with the following isothermal bulk moduli (K0 in GPa) and corresponding pressure derivatives (K0′ = ∂K0/∂P)T: dravite K0 = 97(6), K0′ = 5.0(5); K-dravite K0 = 109(4), K0′ = 4.3(2); oxy-uvite K0 = 110(2), K0′ = 4.1(1); magnesio-foitite K0 = 116(2), K0′ = 3.5(1); olenite K0 = 116(6), K0′ = 4.7(4). Each tour-maline exhibits highly anisotropic behavior under compression, with the c axis 2.8–3.6 times more compressible than the a axis at ambient conditions. This anisotropy decreases strongly with increasing pressure and the c axis is onlŷ14% more compressible than the a axis near 60 GPa. The octahedral Y- and Z-sites' composition exerts a primary control on tourmaline's compressibility, whereby Al content is correlated with a decrease in the c-axis compressibility and a corresponding increase in K0 and K0′. Contrary to expectations, the identity of the X-site-occupying ion (Na, K, or Ca) does not have a demonstrable effect on tourmaline's compression curve. The presence of a fully vacant X site in magnesio-foitite results in a decrease of K0′ relative to the alkali and Ca tourmalines. The decrease in K0′ for magnesio-foitite is accounted for by an increase in compressibility along the a axis at high pressure, reflecting increased compression of tourmaline's ring structure in the presence of a vacant X site. This study highlights the utility of synthetic crystals in untangling the effect of composition on tourmaline's compression behavior.
The single-crystal elastic properties of the jadeite-diopside solid solution and their implications for the composition-dependent seismic properties of eclogite
Authors: Hao Ming , Pierotti Caroline E. , Tkachev Sergey , Prakapenka Vitali , Zhang Jin S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The 13 single-crystal adiabatic elastic moduli (Cij) of a C2/c jadeite sample close to the ideal composition (NaAlSi2O6) and a natural P2/n diopside-rich omphacite sample have been measured at ambient condition by Brillouin spectroscopy. The obtained Cij values for the jadeite sample are: C11 = 265.4(9) GPa, C22 = 247(1) GPa, C33 = 274(1) GPa, C44 = 85.8(7) GPa, C55 = 69.3(5) GPa, C66 = 93.0(7) GPa, C12 = 84(1) GPa, C13 = 66(1) GPa, C23 = 87(2) GPa, C15 = 5.4(7) GPa, C25 = 17(1) GPa, C35 = 28.7(6) GPa, C46 = 14.6(6) GPa. Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging of the Cij values yields aggregate bulk modulus KS = 138(3) GPa and shear modulus G = 84(2) GPa for jadeite. Systematic analysis combing previous single-crystal elasticity measurements within the diopside-jadeite solid solution indicates that the linear trends are valid for most Cij values. The νp and νs of omphacite decrease with diopside content, though the velocity changes are small as diopside component exceeds 70%. We also found that both the isotropic νp and νs, as well as the seismic anisotropy of eclogite, changed strongly with the bulk-chemical composition. The relationship between the anisotropic velocities of eclogite and the chemical composition can be a useful tool to trace the origin of the eclogitic materials in the Earth's mantle.
La legislación agraria posrevolucionaria y su impacto territorial. Ejido y caña en el estado de Veracruz (1917- 1940)
Authors: Thiébaut Virginie 
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo busca demostrar que la legislación agraria ha tenido interpretaciones diversas y, en consecuencia, un impacto territorial diferenciado. Para tal fin, se estudió la evolución de la legislación relativa al sector cañero azucarero y su aplicación en el caso de dos ingenios veracruzanos. El trabajo evidencia que los territorios cañeros han sido poco afectados por el repartimiento agrario gracias a la protección legal. Sin embargo, la aplicación de la ley fue diferente en San Francisco y en Tuzamapan y evolucionó a lo largo de 1917-1940. El texto constituye una aportación para entender la situación específica de los complejos cañeroazucareros en el contexto de la reforma agraria. Se evidencia el vínculo indefectible entre agricultura e industria y las estrategias adoptadas para evitar la disolución del campo cañero.
STEM y Brecha de Género en Latinoamérica
Authors: Arredondo Trapero Florina Guadalupe , Vázquez Parra José Carlos , Velázquez Sánchez Luz María 
Published: April 2019

El artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar la tendencia en la formación en disciplinas académicas de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas de mujeres latinoamericanas. Para ello, se considera el efecto de su inclusión educativa en el desarrollo de la región y la reducción de la brecha de género. Propone una reflexión a partir de reportes internacionales de desarrollo económico y humano para mostrar que la realidad de las mujeres en el desarrollo de este tipo de competencias sigue siendo desigual en comparación con los hombres. Aunque el presente artículo no consigue abordar factores culturales relacionados, sí arroja luz sobre la necesidad de afrontar la falta de inclusión educativa en estas áreas. Como conclusión, se determina que la adquisición de competencias en las disciplinas académicas de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas resulta determinante para la reducción de la brecha de género en la región latinoamericana ante los requerimientos de la industria 4.0.
Closed Loop Duodenal Obstruction Secondary to Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Shen Zhihong , Yu Jianhua , Tang Haijun , Lu Baochun 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma may develop into duodenal
obstruction during the course of their disease. The diagnosis of obstruction can be generally
achieved by means of imaging technologies.

Case and Outcome:
We reported a rare case of pancreatic tumor with duodenal obstruction
accompanied by obstructive symptoms, which was finally confirmed by laparotomy. A 68-year-old
man was admitted to our department with a 3-day medical history of upper abdominal pain, nausea
and vomiting. The diagnosis of duodenal obstruction was established by means of various
imagings including computed tomography (CT) scan, gastroscopy and upper gastrointestinal
imaging. Upper gastrointestinal imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extrinsic
tumor mass was noted at the second and third portion of the duodenum accompanied by duodenal
obstruction and dilatation, respectively. Laparotomy confirmed a tumor mass arising from the head
and uncinate process of pancreas, which had invaded the second and third portions of the
duodenum and caused closed loop obstruction. A pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)
was performed followed by therapeutic trade-off according to intraoperative exploration.
Postoperative histopathology revealed pancreatic tumor only infiltrated duodenal wall, while
resection margins of pancreas, common bile duct and duodenum were all negative. The patient was
cured and discharged home 12 days after surgery.

Conclusion:
The present case indicated radical operation in our study appeared to be the first
choice treatment for patients with malignant duodenal obstruction.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Complications Between Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Low Rectal Cancer
Authors: Dai Jian , Yu Zhou 
Published: April 2019

Aim:
To compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for lower rectal cancer
with open surgery.

Methods:
The multiple databases including PubMed, Springer, EMBASE, EMBASE, OVID were
adopted to search for the relevant studies, and full-text articles involving the comparison of
unilateral and bilateral PVP surgery were reviewed. Review Manager 5.0 was adopted to estimate
the effects of the results among the selected articles. Forest plots, sensitivity analysis and bias
analysis for the articles included were also conducted.

Results:
Finally, 1186 patients were included in the 10 studies, which eventually satisfied the
eligibility criteria, and laparoscopic and open surgery group were 646 and 540, respectively. The
meta-analysis suggested that there was no significant difference of the operation time between
laparoscopic and open surgery group, while the time to solid intake, hospital stay time, blood loss
and complication rate of laparoscopic group are much less than those of open surgery.

Conclusion:
Although both these two punctures provide similar operation time, we encourage the
use of the laparoscopic surgery as the preferred surgical technique for treatment of lower rectal
cancer due to less time to solid intake, hospital stay time, blood loss and lower complication rate.
Occurrence of Interleukin-2 (330 G/T) Promoter Polymorphism in ARV associated hepatotoxicity
Authors: Singh HariOm , Nambiar Nayana , Samani Dharmesh , Gangakhedkar Raman R. 
Published: April 2019

Background:IL-2 cytokine is involved in HIV replication and is also known to cause hepatic injury. Polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene are associated with altered interleukin-2 production.Methods:Hence, we assessed the prevalence of IL-2-303G/T polymorphism in 165 HIV patients (34 with and 131without hepatotoxicity) and 155 healthy controls using the PCR-RFLP method.Results:In patients with hepatotoxicity, IL-2-303GT, -303GT+TT genotypes were less prevalent as compared to without hepatotoxicity and healthy controls (29.4% vs. 42.7%, 58.8% vs. 69.5%; 29.4% vs. 40.6%, 58.8% vs. 66.5%, respectively). In patients with hepatotoxicity using tobacco and alcohol, IL-2-303GT,-303TT genotypes were distributed higher as compared to non-users (42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=8.52, 42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=9.09, and 28.6% vs. 29.6%, OR=1.63, 42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=2.93), while IL-2-303TT genotype occurred more often in HIV patients consuming alcohol (34.1% vs. 23.0%). Nevirapine users with hepatotoxicity overrepresented the IL-2-303GT,-303TT genotypes as compared to efavirenz (34.8% vs. 18.2%, OR=4.64, 34.8% vs. 18.2%, OR=3.88). Among nevirapine users, IL-2-303GT genotype was associated with susceptibility to the acquisition of hepatotoxicity with borderline significance (OR=4.24, P=0.06). HIV patients using nevirapine majorly represented the IL-2-303TT genotype (26.9% vs. 25.0%, OR=2.35) while HIV patients with nevirapine + alcohol usage presented the IL-2 -330TT genotype at a higher frequency (34.2% vs. 23.5%, OR=1.51). In patients with hepatotoxicity using nevirapine + alcohol, the genotype IL-2 - 330TT was predominant (60.0% vs. 27.8%, OR=3.16).Conclusion:Thus, IL-2-303G/T polymorphism did not confer the susceptibility to ARV associated hepatotoxicity. However, IL-2-303G/T polymorphism with nevirapine usage may facilitate the risk for acquisition of ARV associated hepatotoxicity.
Thoughtful Insights into the Therapeutic Armamentarium of Chalcones: 10 Years of Glorious Journey
Authors: Rathore Swati , Mishra Shweta , Mahapatra Debarshi K. , Patil Shailendra , Patil Asmita G. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Naturally occurring chalcones afford diverse pharmacological activities such as
anticancer, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, antidiabetic,
anti-angiogenic, anti-obesity, antiplatelet, anti-oxidant, hypolipidemic and anti-gout. They are
frequently being used by the various researchers to design and develop new synthetic chalcones and
many novel hybrid analogs as bioactive drugs. Many of these drugs are hybrid molecules, which are
designed through molecular hybridization theory, and have displayed multiple pharmacological and
medicinal aspects. This multi-effective feature of these hybrid derivatives makes them efficient and
ideal drug entities for the treatment of various dreadful diseases.

Methods:
A structured search of published research literature from recognized standard medical databases
such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Patents, Scopus, etc., over the defined period of 10
years (January 2009 to December 2018) have been performed. Various reported heterocyclic chalcone
hybrids, their synthesis methods, plausible mechanism(s) of action(s), and probable structure-activity
relationships for the therapeutic applications in cancer, malaria, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, inflammation,
diabetes, microbial infection, and cardiovascular diseases remained the centre for attraction of this
article.

Results:
The present review article focuses on chalcone hybrids with different heterocyclic moieties and
categorizing them on the basis of their pharmacology and therapeutic significance in the last ten years
and has proposed their structure-activity relationships.

Conclusion:
Chalcone and their hybrids have largely been targeted for their anticancer, anti-malarial,
anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, antileishmaniasis, and anti-microbial activity. This comprehensive
study may assist the medicinal chemist to design and develop innovative chalcone hybrids with significant
therapeutic activity.
Deltamethrin-Induced Immunotoxicity and its Protection by Quercetin: An Experimental Study
Authors: Kumar Anoop , Gupta Meenakshi , Sharma Ruchika , Sharma Neelima 
Published: April 2019

Background:Deltamethrin (DLM) is a type 2 pyrethroid insecticide used in agriculture and home to control pests. However, emerging reports have indicated the immunotoxicity of DLM.Objective:Thus, in the current investigation, we have checked the immune-protective role of quercetin in DLM-induced immunotoxicity by using in silico and in vitro techniques.Results:In silico results have shown good interaction of quercetin towards immune cell receptors (T & B cell receptors). The findings of in vitro studies indicated the decrease in oxidative stress which is elevated by DLM in concentration & time-dependent manner. The increased caspases-3 activity was decreased by treatment of quercetin. The apoptosis induced by DLM in thymus and spleen was suppressed only at higher concentration (50μg/ml) of quercetin. Finally, the phenotypic changes due to DLM were restored by quercetin.Conclusion:Quercetin has strong binding affinity towards CD4, CD8 and CD28, CD45 receptors and protects the thymocytes and splenocytes against DLM-induced apoptotic signaling pathways.
Influence of Dimensionless Parameter on De-Ionized Water-alumina Nanofluid Based Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Gopalsamy Vijayan , Rajasekaran Karunakaran , Kamaraj Logesh , Sivasaravanan Siva , Kok Metin 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Aqueous-alumina nanofluid was prepared using magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication
process. Then, the prepared nanofluid was subjected to flow through the unshielded receiver
of the parabolic trough solar collector to investigate the performance of the nanofluid and the effects of
the dimensionless parameter were determined.

Methods:
The experimental work has been divided into two sections. First, the nanofluid was prepared
and tested for its morphology, dimensions, and sedimentation using X-Ray Diffraction and Raman shift
method. Then, the nanofluids of various concentrations from 0 to 4.0% are used as heat transfer fluid in
unshielded type collector. Finally, the effect of the dimensionless parameter on the performance was
determined.

Results:
For the whole test period, depending upon the bulk mean temperature, the dimensionless parameters
such as Re and Nu varied from 1098 to 4552 & 19.30 to 46.40 for air and 2150 to 7551 & 11.11 to
48.54 for nanofluid. The enhancement of thermal efficiency found for 0% and 4.0% nanoparticle concentrations
was 32.84% for the mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s and 13.26% for the mass flow rate of 0.06 kg/s.

Conclusion:
Re and Nu of air depend on air velocity and ambient temperature. Re increased with the
mass flow rate and decreased with concentration. Heat loss occurred by convection mode of heat transfer.
Heat transfer coefficient and global efficiency increased with increased mass flow rate and volume
fraction. The thermal efficiency of both 0% and 4.0% concentrations became equal for increased mass
flow rate. It has been proven that at high mass flow rates, the time available to absorb the heat energy
from the receiver is insufficient.
Pott’s Disease in a 3 Years Old Italian Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Porta Alessandro , Lizzoli Francesca , Racchi Elisabetta , Scaramuzza Cristina , Parola Luciana 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently a major health problem, in particular in developing countries and in HIV positive people. Tubercular spondylodiscitis is the most common type of skeletal TB, more frequent in children than adults. It is rarely reported in developed countries.

Case Report:
We describe a 3 years-old Italian girl who referred to our hospital with back pain and walking deficiency; she had a very good outcome with anti-tubercular treatment and orthopedic follow-up.

Conclusion:
Early recognition and treatment of this tubercular complication are very important due to its possible complications: bone destruction, spinal deformity, neurologic and orthopedic complications.