bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials by using LiPF6 as a Cathode Additive
Authors: Zhang Sheng S. , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResidual Li compounds are inevitably present in the form of Li2O, LiOH, and Li2CO3 on the surface of layered cathode materials, which not only causes slurry gelation in the cathode‐coating process but also degrades liquid electrolyte in the batteries. Owing to their strong alkaline nature, the residual Li compounds can react with acidic LiPF6 to form Li3PO4 and LiF, two of the main components of robust solid electrolyte interphases. By demonstrating LiNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10O2 (NCM811) as an example in this work, we simply dissolved a small amount of LiPF6 into the cathode‐coating slurry, finding that as the amount of LiPF6 is controlled in the 0.5–1.0 wt % range versus the mass of NCM811, the LiPF6 additive not only improves the cycling stability but also enhances rate capability of the Li/NCM811 cells. The former is because the strongly alkaline residual Li compounds react with acidic LiPF6 to form stable Li3PO4 and LiF. The latter is attributed to a reduction in the surface layer resistance on the cathode, as suggested by the results of surface chemistry and impedance analyses.
Prediction of the Efficiency of Phosphorescent Emitters: A Theoretical Analysis of Triplet States in Platinum Blue Emitters
Authors: Pinter Piermaria , Strassner Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDFT methods are routinely used to predict the excited‐state structure of phosphorescent triplet emitters. However, sometimes they fail: different functionals predict diverse lowest adiabatic emissive states. An evaluation is undertaken to determine whether it is possible to use DFT methods to investigate the triplet emitter's hypersurfaces and to explain the experimental observation that similar ligands lead to remarkably diverse phosphorescence quantum yields.
A Mixed‐Anion System Consisting of a Germyl Anion and Anions Delocalized on Conjugated Carbon Ring Skeletons
Authors: Fujimori Shiori , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA trianion consisting of one germyl anion and two anions delocalized on conjugated carbon ring skeletons was synthesized by trimerization of the germanium analogue of the anthryl anion, which exhibits high germylene character. In addition, the generation of the putative intermediate of this reaction, the radical anion of 9‐germaanthracene, was confirmed by the formation of the corresponding dimeric dianion. The isolated trianion and dianion were characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis together with NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
The use of digital pathology and image analysis in clinical trials
Authors: Pell Robert , Oien Karin , Robinson Max , Pitman Helen , Rajpoot Nasir , Rittscher Jens , Snead David , Verrill Clare ,   on behalf of the UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Cellular‐Molecular Pathology (CM‐Path) quality assurance working group
Published: February 2019

AbstractDigital pathology and image analysis potentially provide greater accuracy, reproducibility and standardisation of pathology‐based trial entry criteria and endpoints, alongside extracting new insights from both existing and novel features. Image analysis has great potential to identify, extract and quantify features in greater detail in comparison to pathologist assessment, which may produce improved prediction models or perform tasks beyond manual capability. In this article, we provide an overview of the utility of such technologies in clinical trials and provide a discussion of the potential applications, current challenges, limitations and remaining unanswered questions that require addressing prior to routine adoption in such studies. We reiterate the value of central review of pathology in clinical trials, and discuss inherent logistical, cost and performance advantages of using a digital approach. The current and emerging regulatory landscape is outlined. The role of digital platforms and remote learning to improve the training and performance of clinical trial pathologists is discussed. The impact of image analysis on quantitative tissue morphometrics in key areas such as standardisation of immunohistochemical stain interpretation, assessment of tumour cellularity prior to molecular analytical applications and the assessment of novel histological features is described. The standardisation of digital image production, establishment of criteria for digital pathology use in pre‐clinical and clinical studies, establishment of performance criteria for image analysis algorithms and liaison with regulatory bodies to facilitate incorporation of image analysis applications into clinical practice are key issues to be addressed to improve digital pathology incorporation into clinical trials.
Survival and functional outcomes of molecularly defined childhood posterior fossa ependymoma: Cure at a cost
Authors: Zapotocky Michal , Beera Kiran , Adamski Jenny , Laperierre Normand , Guger Sharon , Janzen Laura , Lassaletta Alvaro , Figueiredo Nobre Liana , Bartels Ute , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia , Urbach Stacey , Tsang Derek S. , Dirks Peter B. , Taylor Michael D. , Bouffet Eric , Mabbott Donald J. , Ramaswamy Vijay 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPosterior fossa ependymoma (PFE) comprises 2 groups, PF group A (PFA) and PF group B (PFB), with stark differences in outcome. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the long‐term outcomes of PFA ependymoma have not been described fully. The objective of the current study was to identify predictors of survival and neurocognitive outcome in a large consecutive cohort of subgrouped patients with PFE over 30 years.MethodsDemographic, survival, and neurocognitive data were collected from consecutive patients diagnosed with PFE from 1985 through 2014 at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Subgroup was assigned using genome‐wide methylation array and/or immunoreactivity to histone H3 K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3).ResultsA total of 72 PFE cases were identified, 89% of which were PFA. There were no disease recurrences noted among patients with PFB. The 10‐year progression‐free survival rate for all patients with PFA was poor at 37.1% (95% confidence interval, 25.9%‐53.1%). Analysis of consecutive 10‐year epochs revealed significant improvements in progression‐free survival and/or overall survival over time. This pertains to the increase in the rate of gross (macroscopic) total resection from 35% to 77% and the use of upfront radiotherapy increasing from 65% to 96% over the observed period and confirmed in a multivariable model. Using a mixed linear model, analysis of longitudinal neuropsychological outcomes restricted to patients with PFA who were treated with focal irradiation demonstrated significant continuous declines in the full‐scale intelligence quotient over time with upfront conformal radiotherapy, even when correcting for hydrocephalus, number of surgeries, and age at diagnosis (‐1.33 ± 0.42 points/year; P = .0042).ConclusionsData from a molecularly informed large cohort of patients with PFE clearly indicate improved survival over time, related to more aggressive surgery and upfront radiotherapy. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first, in a subgrouped cohort, to demonstrate that this approach results in reduced neurocognitive outcomes over time.
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer 2 (BRET2)‐Based RAS Biosensors to Characterize RAS Inhibitors
Authors: Bery Nicolas , Rabbitts Terence H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProtein‐protein interactions (PPIs) are principle biological processes that control normal cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis but are also crucial in diseases such as malignancy, neuropathy, and infection. Despite the importance of PPIs in biology, this target class has been very challenging to convert to therapeutics. In the last decade, much progress has been made in the inhibition of PPIs involved in diseases, but many remain difficult such as RAS‐effector interactions in cancers. We describe here a protocol for using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer 2 (BRET2)‐based RAS biosensors to detect and characterize RAS PPI inhibition by macromolecules and small molecules. This method could be extended to any other small GTPases or any other PPIs of interest. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How does CEO pay slice influence corporate social responsibility? U.S.–Canadian versus Spanish–French listed firms
Authors: Jouber Habib 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConsidering specific contextual differences (in laws, governance attributes, and CEO pay policies) found between the Anglo‐American and the European corporate governance models and controlling for institutional attributes, ownership structures, and firm's features characterizing the two settings, we aim to explore if there is a link between CEO pay slice (CPS) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). We follow Bebchuk et al. () to measure CPS. We consider sustainability indicators as proxy to capture CSR. Sustainability indicators are gathered from Global Reporting Initiative of sustainability standards (GRI's) report. Data cover the period 2010–2017 and consist of 1,440 U.S.–Canadian and Spanish–French firm‐year observations. American and Canadian (Spanish and French) firms are considered as to refer to the Anglo‐American (European) corporate governance model. Durbin–Wu–Hausman test is ruled to address endogeneity problem of dual variables and supports consistent null hypotheses of fixed effects model. Under the agency theory's “bright side” paradigm, univariate and multivariate cross‐country analysis supports that CPS is positively associated with firm's initiatives to engage in CSR and that sustainability is more pronounced under stronger investor protection, strict law enforcement, and higher corporate governance quality. Robustness checks reveal that (a) the deferred CPS–CSR causal effect seems higher for option‐based compensation than that for stock‐based compensation and (b) within the options (stocks) rewards, unvested options (restricted stocks) are the most effective to enhance firm's CSR practices.
Does corporate philanthropic giving reduce analyst earnings dispersion? Evidence from Korea
Authors: Chun Hong‐Min 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between corporate philanthropic giving and analyst earnings dispersion using Korean data from 2002 to 2015. Prior studies showed that philanthropic giving enhances financial performance and investment efficiency and reduces the risk that stock prices will crash. Despite the growing importance of corporate philanthropic giving, few studies examined how corporate giving affects analyst earnings dispersion.The empirical result suggests that, first, a higher level of corporate giving is significantly and negatively associated with analyst earnings dispersion. Second, the negative association between corporate giving and analyst earnings dispersion is more pronounced in nonchaebol firms. This study might be the first attempt to use qualified donation expense data in Korea to examine the direct association between corporate giving and analyst earnings dispersion.
Synthesis of Acrylonitrile from Renewable Lactic Acid
Authors: Mack Daniel , Schätzle Sabrina , Traa Yvonne , Klemm Elias 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAcrylonitrile (ACN) is widely used as monomer in the synthesis of polymers and carbon fibers. Nowadays, its production is based on fossil resources. Herein, an alternative process based on renewable resources is presented. Lactic acid (LA), which can be obtained by fermentation of biomass, was converted to ACN in two steps with an overall selectivity of 57 %. In the first step, a direct amidation of LA in the presence of water was conducted at 230 °C. Zeolites can catalyze the formation of lactamide, and a selectivity of 92 % was reached at 33 % conversion with NH4‐ZSM‐5. In the second step, the dehydration of lactamide to ACN was performed with acetic anhydride, and an ACN selectivity of 62 % was achieved at full conversion.
Supported Co–Re Bimetallic Catalysts with Different Structures as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Citral
Authors: Di Xin , Lafaye Gwendoline , Especel Catherine , Epron Florence , Qi Ji , Li Chuang , Liang Changhai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is a Sino‐French collaboration team composed of Prof. Liang′s group at the Dalian University of Technology and researchers from SAMCat team of IC2MP at the University of Poitiers. The cover picture shows Co–Re bimetallic catalysts with different structures. The degree of contact between the two metals gradually increases from Co and Re isolated particles to Co–Re core‐shell structure. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201802744.
Individual variation and seasonality drive bird feeder use during winter in a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Lajoie Janel L. , Ganio Lisa M. , Rivers James W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeful provisioning of food to wild animals is a widespread and growing activity that has the potential to impact populations and communities. Nevertheless, studies assessing use of recreational feeders by free‐living birds during winter are surprisingly rare and largely limited to regions with continental climates characterized by freezing temperatures and snow cover. In contrast, there is little information available regarding bird use of feeders within warmer climates during winter, despite widespread recreational feeding in these areas. In this study, we quantified visitation patterns to bird feeders in a Mediterranean climate to evaluate the relationship between feeder use and several environmental variables known to influence supplemental feeder use in continental climates. We established a network of bird feeders in Corvallis, Oregon, USA, that were filled with black oil sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds and equipped with radio frequency identification (RFID) data loggers that recorded >315,000 visits by 70 individual Black‐capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) across a 5‐month period (October 2016–March 2017). We found extensive variation in feeder use, with individuals averaging 1–406 feeder visits/day and using 1–9 of the 21 feeders that were available; individual variability was largely consistent during the course of our study. At the population level, we found that feeder use decreased from the start of our study, and this decline continued through the period when foraging was most limited by daylight, including the winter solstice. In contrast to theoretical predictions and empirical work in continental climates, we found that weather variables did not drive feeder use and that feeder visits peaked at mid‐day and gradually decreased until sunset. Our study indicates that individual‐level differences combined with seasonality to drive feeder use patterns, and we conclude that use of supplemental feeders during winter in Mediterranean climates appears to differ notably from feeder use in continental climates.
Geographic variation in thermal sensitivity of early life traits in a widespread reptile
Authors: Bodensteiner Brooke L. , Warner Daniel A. , Iverson John B. , Milne‐Zelman Carrie L. , Mitchell Timothy S. , Refsnider Jeanine M. , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTaxa with large geographic distributions generally encompass diverse macroclimatic conditions, potentially requiring local adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity to match their phenotypes to differing environments. These eco‐evolutionary processes are of particular interest in organisms with traits that are directly affected by temperature, such as embryonic development in oviparous ectotherms. Here we examine the spatial distribution of fitness‐related early life phenotypes across the range of a widespread vertebrate, the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). We quantified embryonic and hatchling traits from seven locations (in Idaho, Minnesota, Oregon, Illinois, Nebraska, Kansas, and New Mexico) after incubating eggs under constant conditions across a series of environmentally relevant temperatures. Thermal reaction norms for incubation duration and hatchling mass varied among locations under this common‐garden experiment, indicating genetic differentiation or pre‐ovulatory maternal effects. However, latitude, a commonly used proxy for geographic variation, was not a strong predictor of these geographic differences. Our findings suggest that this macroclimatic proxy may be an unreliable surrogate for microclimatic conditions experienced locally in nests. Instead, complex interactions between abiotic and biotic factors likely drive among‐population phenotypic variation in this system. Understanding spatial variation in key life‐history traits provides an important perspective on adaptation to contemporary and future climatic conditions.
Equivalence analysis to support environmental safety assessment: Using nontarget organism count data from field trials with cisgenically modified potato
Authors: van der Voet Hilko , Goedhart Paul W. , Lazebnik Jenny , Kessel Geert J. T. , Mullins Ewen , van Loon Joop J. A. , Arpaia Salvatore 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper considers the statistical analysis of entomological count data from field experiments with genetically modified (GM) plants. Such trials are carried out to assess environmental safety. Potential effects on nontarget organisms (NTOs), as indicators of biodiversity, are investigated. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) gives broad guidance on the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of GM plants. Field experiments must contain suitable comparator crops as a benchmark for the assessment of designated endpoints. In this paper, a detailed protocol is proposed to perform data analysis for the purpose of assessing environmental safety. The protocol includes the specification of a list of endpoints and their hierarchical relations, the specification of intended levels of data analysis, and the specification of provisional limits of concern to decide on the need for further investigation. The protocol emphasizes a graphical representation of estimates and confidence intervals for the ratio of mean abundances for the GM plant and its comparator crop. Interpretation relies mainly on equivalence testing in which confidence intervals are compared with the limits of concern. The proposed methodology is illustrated with entomological count data resulting from multiyear, multilocation field trials. A cisgenically modified potato line (with enhanced resistance to late blight disease) was compared to the original conventional potato variety in the Netherlands and Ireland in two successive years (2013, 2014). It is shown that the protocol encompasses alternative schemes for safety assessment resulting from different research questions and/or expert choices. Graphical displays of equivalence testing at several hierarchical levels and their interpretation are presented for one of these schemes. The proposed approaches should be of help in the ERA of GM or other novel plants.
Incorporating biophysical gradients and uncertainty into burn severity maps in a temperate fire‐prone forested region
Authors: Harvey Brian J. , Andrus Robert A. , Anderson Sean C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs forest fire activity increases worldwide, it is important to track changing patterns of burn severity (i.e., degree of fire‐caused ecological change). Satellite data provide critical information across space and time, yet how satellite indices relate to individual measures of burn severity on the ground (e.g., tree mortality or surface charring) and how these relationships change across biophysical gradients remain unclear. To address these knowledge gaps, we used Bayesian hierarchical zero‐one‐inflated beta (ZOIB) regression models with nearly 600 plots of individual field measures of burn severity distributed across the U.S. Rocky Mountains. We asked the following: How do three commonly used satellite indices of burn severity relate to individual field measures of canopy burn severity and forest‐floor burn severity (Q1)? Then, using the highest ranked satellite index, how is reliability affected by biophysical gradients that can be captured in accessible geospatial data (e.g., latitude, slope) (Q2) and stand‐structure data typically available only with field data (Q3)? The Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) outperformed the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and the Relative Burn Ratio (RBR) across canopy and forest‐floor measures of burn severity, but differences among index performances were minor. Overall, indices performed better for field measures of canopy burn severity than for forest‐floor measures. The relationship between RdNBR and individual field measures of burn severity changed across several biophysical gradients. For example, the same value of RdNBR corresponded to different field levels of burn severity depending on latitude, pre‐fire forest structure, and pre‐fire beetle outbreaks—and effects of biophysical gradients were often different for canopy vs. forest‐floor measures of burn severity. We show that estimating field measures of burn severity using satellite indices can be improved by including biophysical information, but if variables that are difficult to obtain without field data (e.g., pre‐fire beetle outbreak severity) are lacking, we suggest caution in interpreting satellite indices of burn severity across gradients of pre‐fire biophysical conditions. Finally, using an example fire, we illustrate contrasting maps of burn severity that arise from differences in the relationship between individual field measures of burn severity and RdNBR after accounting for error in those relationships.
Cellular and metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeastYarrowia lipolyticafor bioconversion of hydrophobic substrates into high‐value products
Authors: Soong Ya‐Hue Valerie , Liu Na , Yoon Seongkyu , Lawton Carl , Xie Dongming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe non‐conventional oleaginous yeastYarrowia lipolyticais able to utilize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon sources as substrates and convert them into value‐added bioproducts such as organic acids, extracellular proteins, wax esters, long‐chain diacids, fatty acid ethyl esters, carotenoids and omega‐3 fatty acids. Metabolic pathway analysis and previous research results show that hydrophobic substrates are potentially more preferred byY. lipolyticathan hydrophilic substrates to make high‐value products at higher productivity, titer, rate, and yield. Hence,Y. lipolyticais becoming an efficient and promising biomanufacturing platform due to its capabilities in biosynthesis of extracellular lipases and directly converting the extracellular triacylglycerol oils and fats into high‐value products. It is believed that the cell size and morphology of theY. lipolyticais related to the cell growth, nutrient uptake, and product formation. DimorphicY. lipolyticademonstrates the yeast‐to‐hypha transition in response to the extracellular environments and genetic background. Yeast‐to‐hyphal transition regulating genes, such asYlBEM1, YlMHY1andYlZNC1and so forth, have been identified to involve as major transcriptional factors that control morphology transition inY. lipolytica. The connection of the cell polarization including cell cycle and the dimorphic transition with the cell size and morphology inY. lipolyticaadapting to new growth are reviewed and discussed. This review also summarizes the general and advanced genetic tools that are used to build aY. lipolyticabiomanufacturing platform.