bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing female graduate employment through a women-only professional services firm in an economically remote city
Authors: Khalifa Rihab 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on a study that investigated the feasibility of a women-only professional accounting firm in the city of Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) that could help reduce female graduate unemployment in the city. Practically, the study sought to find out if, and under what conditions, a women-only professional accounting firm in Al Ain might be useful in providing employment for women in professional accountancy and facilitating the entry of female graduates into the job market by providing them with professional training. Theoretically, the study sought to add to the literature on positive discrimination to help women’s job prospects.

Design/methodology/approach
The study followed a qualitative research approach. It sought to show some specific connections between various professional, cultural, and economic factors by crystallising them through a hypothetical, innovative solution to the problem of local female unemployment, namely, a women-only professional accounting firm in a location of limited employment opportunities. It did so by investigating the views of male and female accounting graduates and other stakeholders.

Findings
The main finding is that the model women-only professional accounting firm could be used to overcome family objections to female graduate employment by removing the requirement that women work a long distance away from their families. The study also showed the deep cultural entrenchment of gendered stereotypes of female professionals.

Research limitations/implications
The study could have had a larger sample size with the survey, but it is important to note that this was not the focus of the study. However, the strength of the paper is in the qualitative aspect of canvassing views from various stakeholders.

Practical implications
The study brought to light key opportunities and challenges for policy makers who are seeking to address female graduate unemployment in economically remote locations.

Originality/value
The paper adds to the literature on positive discrimination for female job seekers in an adverse cultural and economic context.
Impact of control on innovation: the case of franchising
Authors: Karmeni Kerim , de la Villarmois Olivier , Beldi Adel 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between organizational control and innovation. The authors address two questions: “First, does the organizational control have a positive impact on innovation within a franchise network? Second, if such positive relationship exists, how we can explain it?”Design/methodology/approachThe study used a survey data of 106 outlets belonging to franchise networks in France, using partial least squares and mobilizing an analysis of mediating effects.FindingsOrganizational control is positively related to innovation; this positive relationship can be partly explained by the mediating effect of knowledge creation.Research limitations/implicationsTaking care to use appropriate techniques that guarantee a higher response rate (e.g. following up contacts after the initial request, phoning before sending the questionnaire), this study could be extended to other forms of organization, such as cooperatives or MNCs, to generalize the explanation of the positive impact of control on innovation through the mediating effect of knowledge creation.Practical implicationsThe empirical results show that control encourages knowledge creation and innovation, which is a strong argument for franchisors to persuade franchisees of the necessity and utility of implementing organizational control. Moreover, the results constitute a practical tool to help managers making decision regarding innovation management. Innovation success can be improved by paying attention to the organizational control and deploying a combination of different control mechanisms including process, outcome and social.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate both direct and indirect effects of organizational control on innovation. The authors contribute by explaining the complex relationship between control and innovation.
Effects of an early‐life paraquat exposure on adult resistance to oxidative stress, plumage colour and sperm performance in a wild bird
Authors: Losdat Sylvain , Blount Jonathan D. , Marri Viviana , Maronde Lea , Richner Heinz , Helfenstein Fabrice 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Early‐life stressful conditions can shape individual phenotypes and ultimately influence fitness. Oxidative stress is a pervasive threat that affects many fitness‐related traits and can modulate life‐history trade‐offs. Yet, the extent to which exposure to oxidative stress during early life can have long‐lasting effects on key fitness‐related traits remains to be elucidated, particularly in natural populations of vertebrates.

Using a wild population of great tits Parus major, we experimentally dosed 11‐day‐old birds with paraquat, a pro‐oxidant molecule, aiming at increasing oxidative stress. One year later, we recaptured 39 of them as adult recruiting breeders and quantified effects of the paraquat exposure on their resistance to oxidative stress, carotenoid‐based plumage coloration and male sperm performance.

Despite the absence of a short‐term effect of paraquat on oxidative stress measured two days later, the pre‐fledging exposure to paraquat induced a reduction in individual oxidative damage measured at adulthood. Paraquat‐dosed individuals also had brighter plumage, but no effect was observed on male sperm performance.

For the first time in a natural population of vertebrates, we experimentally show that an early‐life acute exposure to a pro‐oxidant has long‐lasting effects on individual resistance to oxidative stress at adulthood. Our results are in line with the environmental matching and the hormesis hypotheses but may also reflect selective disappearance of individuals with lower resistance to oxidative stress.
‘Everybody has to think – do I have any peanuts and nuts in my lunch?’ School nurses, collective adherence, and children's food allergies
Authors: Muñoz Vanessa Lopes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeveloping robust explanations for patients’ non‐adherence to medical treatments is a pressing clinical concern. Social scientists have emphasised the importance of taking a ‘patient‐centred’ approach to the study of illness management. Using data from a qualitative study of the management of children's food allergies, I found that school nurses created what I term collective adherence – the translation of individual medical recommendations into prescriptions to be followed by entire communities. School nurses secured collective adherence by aligning physicians, schools, and families around a particular interpretation of medical recommendations, setting guidelines of behaviour for the entire school community to follow, and balancing the diverging needs of illness sufferers and non‐illness sufferers. This study contributes to the study of adherence by examining the medical recommendation as a dynamic prescription, extending adherence to the study of ancillary providers’ interaction with medical recommendations, and examining the impact of illness on non‐family ties. I conclude with a discussion of implications for the field of school nursing; and potential applications of the collective adherence framework to the management of health conditions and health risks.
Shipping Policy to Fight the Resource Curse
Authors: Wenar Leif , Kouris Ioannis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTransnational trade rules endow authoritarians and armed groups with unaccountable power in states rich with natural resources. This structural flaw in international trade generates the ‘resource curse’ phenomena that have driven many of the world's most serious crises since the 1970s. Attempts to curtail this unaccountable power from outside resource‐rich states have not been successful, and crises caused by this structural flaw continue to plague the global community. The shipping sector provides a promising location for reforms to fight the resource curse, as it is a sector where extensive, unified and enforceable regulations have long been established.
Clinicopathological features of younger (aged ≤ 50 years) lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring the EML4‐ALK fusion gene
Authors: Kometani Takuro , Sugio Kenji , Osoegawa Atsushi , Seto Takashi , Ichinose Yukito 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe EML4‐ALK fusion gene has recently been identified as a driver mutation in a subset of non‐small cell lung cancers. In subsequent studies, EML4‐ALK has been detected in a low percentage of patients, and was associated with a lack of EGFR or KRAS mutations, younger age, and adenocarcinoma with acinar histology. Cases with the EML4‐ALK fusion gene were examined to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of young adenocarcinoma patients.MethodsBetween December 1998 and May 2009, 85 patients aged ≤ 50 with lung adenocarcinoma were treated at our hospital. We examined 49 samples from adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical resection, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy for the EML4‐ALK gene. None of the patients received ALK inhibitors because these drugs had not been approved in Japan before 2012. EML4‐ALK fusion genes were screened using multiplex reverse‐transcription PCR assay, and were confirmed by direct sequencing.ResultsThe EML4‐ALK fusion gene was detected in five tumors (10.2%). One patient had stage IB disease, one had stage IIIA, and three had stage IV. Histologically, there was one solid adenocarcinoma, two acinar adenocarcinomas, and two papillary adenocarcinomas. EML4‐ALK fusion genes were mutually exclusive to EGFR and KRAS mutations. The five‐year survival rate was 59.4% in patients without EML4‐ALK fusion and was not reached in patients with EML4‐ALK fusion.ConclusionThe EML4‐ALK fusion gene may be a strong oncogene in younger patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Blind spot in lung cancer lymph node metastasis: Cross‐lobe peripheral lymph node metastasis in early stage patients
Authors: Li Ning , Tan Fengwei , Li Jiagen , Shao Kang , Zhao Jun , Mu Juwei , Gao Shugeng , He Jie 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAt present, it has not yet been determined whether metastasis can be transferred cross‐lobe to peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) from other lobes in early stages of lung cancer, especially without any direct involvement to the pleura and parenchyma of the lobe. This study was conducted to investigate this issue.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Patients undergoing right middle and lower lobectomy with lymphadenectomy for preoperative clinical stage Ia–IIIa from 2014 to 2015 were identified. To avoid interference, cases were limited to tumors within the primary lobe. When a tumor is completely located in the lower lobe, no direct invasion occurs into the visceral pleura/bronchus/parenchyma of the middle lobe and tumor cell metastasis into the peripheral LNs (stations 12–14) in the middle lobe is defined as cross‐lobe lymph node metastasis (CLM).ResultsA total of 68 patients were identified, of which nine (13.2%) had CLM. Seven had squamous cell carcinoma, one adenocarcinoma, and one small cell carcinoma. Seven cases (77.8%) had intermediate bronchus invasion, and seven cases (77.8%) intermediate bronchus adjacent lymph node involvement (station 11). Compared to non‐CLM patients, tumor diameter (5.2 vs. 3.2; P = 0.28), N2 lymph node metastasis rate (66.7% vs. 28.8%; P = 0.03), late stage (IIIa 77.8% vs. 35.6%; P = 0.04), and invasion of intermediate bronchus (77.8% vs. 45.8%; P = 0.07) relatively increased.ConclusionNon‐primary lobe peripheral LN metastasis exists in lung cancer and requires greater attention and further study.
Evidence of subgroups in smokers as revealed in clinical measures and evaluated by neuroimaging data: a preliminary study
Authors: Ding Xiaoyu , Salmeron Betty Jo , Wang Jamei , Yang Yihong , Stein Elliot A. , Ross Thomas J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo date, fractionation of the nicotine addiction phenotype has been limited to that based primarily on characteristics of cigarette use, although it is widely appreciated that a variety of individual factors are associated with tobacco use disorder. Identifying subtypes of tobacco use disorder based on such factors may lead to better understanding of potential treatment targets, individualize treatments and improve outcomes. In this preliminary study, to identify potential subgroups, we applied hierarchical clustering to a broad range of assessments measuring personality, IQ and psychiatric symptoms, as well as various environmental and experiential characteristics from 102 otherwise healthy cigarette smokers. The identified subgroups were further compared on various resting‐state fMRI measures from a subset (N = 65) of individuals who also underwent resting‐state fMRI scanning. The clustering dendrogram indicated that smokers can be divided into three subgroups. Each subgroup had unique clinical assessment characteristics. The division yielded imaging differences between subgroups in the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex and the cuneus. Regression analyses showed that amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex differed between groups and were negatively correlated with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale subscale Difficulty Describing Feelings.
Life history and habitat preference in the Darling hardyhead, Craterocephalus amniculus (Teleostei, Atherinidae) in the northern Murray‐Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Moy Karl G. , Wilson G. Glenn , Ellison Tanya L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Darling hardyhead, Craterocephalus amniculus (Atherinidae), is a threatened fish species inhabiting upstream reaches of a number of northern Murray‐Darling Basin catchments. Little is known of its life history. Our goal was to determine patterns of seasonal size structure, interannual and spatial variation in diet, and habitat selection in this species across multiple sites and years in the upper Macintyre River, northern New South Wales. Preserved specimens from a separate study were used to obtain information on diet and size structure. Size structures suggested a single annual spawning season in late September or early October. Diets varied significantly, both between years at the downstream site and among the three sites although the underlying cause of this was untested. Dietary diversity increased with distance downstream. At the two upstream sites, aquatic invertebrates made up most of the diet while over half the gut contents at the downstream site was unidentified detritus. Preference was shown for pool habitats with a sand or cobble substrate, increased channel depth and width and distance from the bank, and reduced flow velocity. Overhanging exotic riparian vegetation and in‐stream woody debris were non‐preferred. This species may be vulnerable to further population decline in light of its restricted habitat preferences and narrow spawning season. However, comparable data from nearby catchments will be necessary to ascertain the species’ conservation status across its broader distribution.
Effects of prokineticin 2 on testicular inflammation in rats
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Jiaojiao , Yu Lili , Zhao Kai , Chen Biao , Li Cuiling , Yang Fan , Yuan Hongfang , Zhang Huiping 
Published: March 2018

ProblemProkineticin 2 (PK2), a pro‐inflammatory peptide, is highly expressed in primary spermatocytes. However, systematic research on PK2 and testicular inflammation is lacking to date.Method of studyAn experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) model was established to detect the expression of PK2 and its receptor (prokineticin receptor 1, PKR1) 50 and 80 days after immunization. PK2 siRNA sequence was injected into the rat rete testis to downregulate the expression of PK2. PK2 was over‐expressed in the testis by injecting PK2 protein through the rat rete testis at different concentrations. Testicular morphology and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected after the intervention.ResultsResults showed that PK2 and PKR1 were upregulated in EAO at 50 days and downregulated at 80 days. PK2 over‐expression contributed to the apoptosis of spermatogenic epithelial cells and increased infiltration of the inflammatory cells, whereas PK2 under‐expression showed no change. Furthermore, iNOS expression was increased significantly when PK2 was over‐expressed.ConclusionThis finding demonstrated that the PK2/PKR1 signals may have an essential role in the regulation of testicular inflammation through iNOS. PK2 interference may represent a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of orchitis.
Employee Social Responsibility: A Missing Component in the ISI 26000 Social Responsibility Standard
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A. , Laurence Gregory A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this article, the focus is on developing a governance concept built on integrating the ISO 26000 Social Responsibility (SR) standard with an “employee social responsibility” (ESR) concept developed by the authors. To this end. The authors propose to compliment the voluntary, organizationally adaptable, ISO 26000 SR standard for the organization/firm with a seamlessly integrated—and equally adaptable—ESR concept for the individual/employee of that organization/firm. An SR/ESR governance concept emerges, with an emphasis on implementing a SR‐based business enterprise code of conduct and ESR‐related functional‐level codes of conduct, the latter firmly ensconced in an organization's ethical climate. The conclusion section discusses the strengths and weaknesses of our proposed SR/ESR governance concept.
Connexins in health and disease
Authors: Yamasaki Ryo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGap junctions or hemichannels are expressed on all cells in our body, and have a highly significant role in homeostasis and in disease states. There are 21 connexins found in humans and they have distinct characteristics that compensate for each other. The anatomical expression pattern also differs between each connexin; some of them are expressed together and some are not. Genetically mutated connexin genes induce inheritable diseases, but acquired disorders can also be caused by primary or secondary connexin dysfunctions. In the central nervous system, glial cells are the main connexin‐expressing cells. They utilize connexin gap junctions to assemble glial networks. The present review not only describes the basic structures and functions of connexins, it also examines the relationships between connexins and their role in disease pathology.
Influence of Social Perception and Social Monitoring on Structural Priming
Authors: Hwang Heeju , Chun Eunjin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough structural priming has been considered to be an independent cognitive process, recent evidence suggests that structural priming is modulated by sociocognitive factors such as social perception; speakers are more likely to mimic the sentence structure of a socially desirable interlocutor than the structure of a less desirable interlocutor. This study aims to further address the role of sociocognitive factors in language use by investigating how individual differences in social perception and tendency to align with others (i.e., social monitoring) modulate same‐verb structural priming. In particular, we investigate how likely students are to repeat a sentence structure of a teacher depending on their perception of the teacher and their social monitoring tendency. Our results demonstrate that students’ tendency to imitate a sentence structure of the teacher is positively influenced by their perception of the teacher but negatively by social monitoring. We suggest that the effects may be accounted for in terms of their influence on attention and memory encoding.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, the latest residents on the block: Impact on glycaemic control at a general practice level in England
Authors: Heald Adrian H. , Fryer Anthony A. , Anderson Simon G. , Livingston Mark , Lunt Mark , Davies Mark , Moreno Gabriela Y. C. , Gadsby Roger , Young Robert J. , Stedman Mike 
Published: March 2018

AimsTo determine, using published general practice‐level data, how differences in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prescribing patterns relate to glycaemic target achievement levels.MethodsMultiple linear regression modelling was used to link practice characteristics and defined daily dose (DDD) of different classes of medication in 2015/2016 and changes between that year and the year 2014/2015 in medication to proportion of patients achieving target glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≤58 mmol/mol [7.5%]) and proportion of patients at high glycaemic risk (HbA1c >86 mmol/mol [10.0%]) for practices in the National Diabetes Audit with >100 people with T2DM on their register.ResultsOverall, HbA1c outcomes were not different between the years studied. Although, in percentage terms, most practices increased their use of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (96%), dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors (76%) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) analogues (53%), there was wide variation in the use of older and newer therapies. For example, 12% of practices used >200% of the national average for some newer agents. In cross‐sectional analysis, greater prescribing of metformin and analogue insulin were associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c ≤58 mmol/mol; the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin was associated with a reduced proportion of patients with HbA1c >86 mol/mol; otherwise associations for sulphonylureas, GLP‐1 analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP‐4 inhibitors were neutral or negative. In year‐on‐year analysis there was ongoing deterioration in glycaemic control, which was offset to some extent by increased use of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP‐1 analogues, which were associated with a greater proportion of patients achieving HbA1c levels ≤58 mmol/mol and a smaller proportion of patients with HbA1c levels >86 mmol/mol. SGLT2 inhibitor prescribing was associated with significantly greater improvements than those found for GLP‐1 analogues.ConclusionGreater use of newer agents was associated with improvement in glycaemic outcomes but was not sufficient to compensate for the prevailing decline. This may reflect wide variability in the prescribing of newer agents. We found that SGLT inhibitors may be superior to other oral agents in relation to HbA1c outcome. Serious consideration should be given to their use.