bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self Reported Dental Health Attitudes and Behaviour of Dental Students in Turkey
Authors: Yildiz Sinem , Dogan Basak 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviour between preclinical and clinical dental students in Turkey using Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI). Methods: A Turkish version HU-DBI questionnaire with additional 7 questions, totally 27 items, was distributed among 1022 dental students. Results: The response rate was 75% (486 preclinical and 278 clinical students). Significantly higher (P=0.000) percentage of the preclinical students, compared to clinical students, worry about colour of their teeth, are bothered by the colour of their gums, put off going to the dentist until they have a toothache; think that their teeth are getting worse despite their daily brushing, it is impossible to prevent gum disease with tooth brushing alone, and they cannot help having false teeth when they are old. Moreover, the preclinical students more frequently agree on that their gums tend to bleed when they brush their teeth, they use a toothbrush which has hard bristles, and they don’t feel they’ve brushed well unless with strong strokes (P=0.000). However, a higher proportion of clinical students compared to preclinical students brush each of their teeth carefully, think that they can clean their teeth without using toothpaste, have had their dentist tell them that they brush very well (P=0.000). The HU-DBI score of clinical students (7.47±1.86) was significantly (P=0.000) higher than preclinical students (6.00±1.86). Conclusions: Dental students should have a comprehensive program, including their self-care regimes, starting from their first year of education. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:253-259)
Manufacturing Implant Supported Auricular Prostheses by Rapid Prototyping Techniques
Authors: Karatas Meltem Ozdemir , Cifter Ebru Demet , Ozenen Didem Ozdemir , Balik Ali , Tuncer Erman Bulent 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMaxillofacial prostheses are usually fabricated on the models obtained following the impression procedures. Disadvantages of conventional impression techniques used in production of facial prosthesis are deformation of soft tissues caused by impression material and disturbance of the patient due to.Additionally production of prosthesis by conventional methods takes longer time. Recently, rapid prototyping techniques have been developed for extraoral prosthesis in order to reduce these disadvantages of conventional methods. Rapid prototyping technique has the potential to simplify the procedure and decrease the laboratory work required. It eliminates the need for measurement impression procedures and preparation of wax model to be performed by prosthodontists themselves In the near future this technology will become a standard for fabricating maxillofacial prostheses. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:472-477)
FEM analysis of a new miniplate: stress distribution on the plate, screws and the bone
Authors: Nalbantgil Didem , Tozlu Murat , Ozdemir Fulya , Oztoprak Mehmet Oguz , Arun Tulin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: Non-homogeneous force distribution along the miniplates and the screws is an unsolved question for skeletal anchorage in orthodontics. To overcome this issue, a miniplate structure was designed featuring spikes placed on the surface facing the cortical bone. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the force distribution of the newly designed plate-screw systems with the conventional one.Methods: A model of bone surface with 1.5 mm cortical thickness, along with the two newly designed miniplates and a standard miniplate-screw were simulated on the three-dimensional model. 200 g experimental force was applied to the tip of the miniplates and the consequential effects on the screws and cortical bone was evaluated using three-dimensional finite element method.Results: As a result of this finite element study, remarkably lower stresses were observed on the screws and the cortical bone around the screws with the newly designed miniplate when compared with the conventional one.Conclusion: The newly designed miniplate that has spikes was found effective in reducing the stress on and around the screws and the force was distributed more equivalently. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:9-15)
Searching for Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae in primary endodontic infections
Authors: Rôças Isabela N , Siqueira José F 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to search samples from primary endodontic infections for the presence of two common human bacterial pathogens -Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniaeMethods: Genomic DNA isolated from samples taken from 25 root canals of teeth with asymptomatic (chronic) apical periodontitis and 25 aspirates from acute apical abscess was initially amplified by the multiple displacement amplification approach and then used as template in species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of H. pylori and C. pneumoniae. Results: All clinical samples were positive for the presence of bacterial DNA. However, no clinical sample was positive for either H. pylori or C. pneumoniaeConclusions: Neither H. pylori nor C. pneumoniae were found in samples from primary endodontic infections. These findings suggest that these species are not candidate endodontic pathogens and that the necrotic root canal does not serve as a reservoir for these human pathogens in healthy patients. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:158-162)
A simple method for fabricating custom sectional impression trays for making definitive impressions in patients with microstomia
Authors: Bachhav Vinay Chila , Aras Meena Ajay 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: A maximum mouth opening that is smaller than the size of a complete denture can
make prosthetic treatment challenging. This article describes a simple technique used to fabricate
maxillary and mandibular custom sectional impression trays for making definitive impressions in
patients with microstomia. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:244-247)
Dynamics of wrinkling in ultrathin elastic sheets
Authors: Box Finn , O’Kiely Doireann , Kodio Ousmane , Inizan Maxime , Castrejón-Pita Alfonso A. , Vella Dominic 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Elastic instabilities provide a means of generating regular topographies with a well-defined wavelength. For example, a thin elastic film attached to a softer substrate buckles into an array of regular wrinkles under quasistatic compression. The wrinkle wavelength is selected by the mechanical properties of the system so that different wavelengths are typically attained through variation of the film thickness. Here, we show that, for a film of given thickness, variation in the wrinkle wavelength can be achieved dynamically. Our study of impact-induced wrinkling demonstrates that the inertial response of the substrate results in an evolving wrinkle wavelength, opening the route toward dynamic tuning of wrinkle-patterned topographies.
Vernon never called for me yesterday
Authors: Palacios Ignacio M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the different readings and meanings ofneverin the speech of London adults and teenagers, with particular attention to cases in which this negative is equivalent to a sentential negator in the past. The analysis of a sample of over 2,000 tokens extracted from three main corpora serves to provide not only a qualitative perspective on this issue but also a quantitative one that presents new empirical evidence. The universal negative quantificational use ofneveris seen to be the most frequent while punctualnevercomes second. The data analysed also indicate that in the last few years there has been an increase in such uses of this negative compared to the early 1990s. However, no notable differences are attested in this respect when contrasting adult and teen speech.
Metatextual indicators and phraseological units in a multimodal corpus
Authors: Leiva Rojo Jorge 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present work aims to address the combined use of phraseological units and metatextual indicators in spoken language, that is, the mechanisms used to introduce phraseological units to listeners. Exhaustive knowledge of how metatextual indicators are employed in discourse is, no doubt, highly valuable in identifying phraseological units in cases where immediacy is a main factor, as is common in different types of interpreting. The main characteristics of metatextual indicators are considered, along with their different categories to date, taking as a starting point such works as those of Čermák (2005) and Goddard (2009). An analysis is also provided of the 100 most recent uses of the metatextual indicator as the saying goes from a search in the multimodal NewsScape corpus. Studying these 100 uses leads to the general conclusion that this indicator tends to precede phraseological units – overwhelmingly proverbs – and that the phraseological units tend to be used without any modifying mechanisms. However, there are numerous cases, while still a minority, of quotations and, within them, allusions to elements that go beyond their classic conception – such as the notable inclusion of cases where the speaker manipulates the canonical meaning of phraseological units.
Italiano a distancia. Adaptación en línea de una actividad de producción oral controlada
Authors: Licastro Giada 
Published: October 2019

Resumen
La Reconstrucción de Conversación (en adelante denominada RC) es una producción lingüística oral controlada, en la que los alumnos, guiados por el profesor, reconstruyen un breve pasaje de una conversación de la cual sólo el profesor tiene el texto original. Las sugerencias del profesor se dan principalmente en forma de mímica y dibujos en la pizarra. Durante la actividad, el profesor estimula a los alumnos a formular hipótesis, guiándolos de forma activa y divertida hacia la reflexión sobre la gramática, el registro formal/informal, los códigos de conducta, las expresiones, las formas de decir, la fluidez y la entonación. En esta Investigación-Acción (en adelante denominada I-A) se han buscado soluciones para que esta actividad pueda ser aplicada a una clase en línea, centrándose en los aspectos que deben adaptarse: organización y gestión del espacio, proxémica, número de estudiantes, duración de la actividad.
Consecutive interpreting performance. Women and men compared
Authors: Verdini Agostina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhy are there so few male students attending the SSLMIT (Advanced School of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators) in Forlì? Why are interpreters generally women? Is there a biological or social explanation linked to gender differences in speaking abilities? This study is intended to provide an experimental analysis of possible differences and similarities between male and female students of interpretation. On the basis of the theories put forward by Gender Studies and a series of neuro-linguistic investigations on simultaneous interpreters, it seems that women and men in fact differ in the way they speak, communicate and also in their practice of interpretation. For this study, the interpretation mode chosen is consecutive and the linguistic combination is from German into Italian; the sample is made up of 14 women and 14 men, whose first or second foreign language is German. The texts selected for the CI (Consecutive Interpreting) present different linguistic features, topic, reading pace and length. The first is a speech, which deals with economic-financial matters, shows a high density of numerical expressions and specific sectorial terms. The second text is an article about health, which presents a considerable number of idiomatic expressions and terms related to the medical field. The comparison between the deliveries made by the interpreters of both sexes and the analysis of the answers provided by the questionnaires handed out to the students show some remarkable gender differences. Overall, it seems that male interpreters perform better as far as numbers, dates, and economic vocabulary are concerned, while female interpreters are better at handling figurative language and words related to health. Consistent with this finding, women maintained a higher degree of fluency in the delivery of the second text, while men were more fluent in the first. Although these results do not claim to be of statistical significance, they show that differences related to sex may have an impact on the performance of interpreters.
‘I wish for my life's roses to have fewer thorns’: Heinrich Neuhaus and Alternative Narratives of Selfhood in Soviet Russia
Authors: Razumovskaya Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeinrich Gustavovich Neuhaus (1888–1964) was one of the Soviet era's most iconic musicians. Settling in Russia reluctantly, he was dismayed by the policies of the Soviet state and unable to engage with contemporary narratives of selfhood in the wake of the Revolution. In creating a new aesthetic field that defined him as Russian rather than Soviet, Neuhaus embodied an ambiguous territory whereby his views both resonated with and challenged aspects of Soviet-era culture. This article traces how Neuhaus adopted the idea of self-reflective or ‘autobiographical’ art through an interdisciplinary melding of ideas from Boris Pasternak, Alexander Blok and Mikhail Vrubel. In exposing the resulting tension between his understanding of Russian and Soviet selfhood, it nuances our understanding of the cultural identities within this era. Finally, discussing this tension in relation to Neuhaus's contextualization of the artistic persona of Shostakovich, it contributes to a long-needed reappraisal of his relationship with the composer.
Reconceptualizing the measurement of expectations to better understand placebo and nocebo effects in psychological responses to exercise
Authors: Lindheimer Jacob B. , Szabo Attila , Raglin John S. , Beedie Chris , Carmichael Kaitlyn E. , O'Connor Patrick J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe understanding of placebo and nocebo effects in psychological responses to exercise may be improved by measuring expectations. Despite availability of several validated expectation measures, we argue for using scales that take both positive and negative expectations for exercise‐induced changes into account. A cross‐sectional survey was used to collect information on positive and negative expectations pertaining to how exercise would affect 14 different outcomes related to psychological health (n = 966). Outcomes for which a majority of the sample (>50%) reported positive expectations for exercise‐induced changes included: psychological well‐being (75.3%), depression (74.3%), relaxation (74.2%), sleep quality (73.3%), stress (72.2%), anxiety (69.8%), energy (67.1%), and attention (60.2%). Outcomes for which a majority of the sample (>50%) reported a negative expectation for exercise‐induced changes were muscle pain (66.3%), fatigue (57.3%), and joint pain (50.7%). Across all 14 outcomes, the percentage of participants with negative expectations for exercise‐induced changes ranged from 5.9 to 66.3%. Elucidating the potential presence of placebo and nocebo effects through measurement of expectations may improve the understanding of variability in the direction and magnitude of exercise‐related effects on psychological health. Although there were only 3 outcomes for which the majority of participants reported negative expectations, we found that negative expectations were present to some degree for all 14 outcomes. Thus, for researchers who wish to characterize expectations in studies of psychological responses to exercise, we recommend using measures that give equal consideration to positive and negative expectations.
Emotional intelligence in the initial teacher training
Authors: Cáceres Carvajal M O , Santiago M C , Rincon Leal O L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of the article is to evaluate emotional intelligence in the initial teacher training of the mathematics bachelor program at the “Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander”, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. The methodology is framed in the qualitative approach with some complementary aspects of the quantitative approach, the applied technique is the interview and the trait meta-mood scale instrument. The results describe that the impacts of integrating the emotive dimension in the learning strategies of mathematics is a greater resilience in the teachers in formation, since thanks to the contact with their emotions through introspection and reflection they manage to draw plans and alternatives that help them to devote more time, ask more and study better, especially in those aspects that cause them difficulty.
Understanding of derivative as an essential part of the study of differential calculus
Authors: Rojas Suárez J P , Vergel-Ortega M , Pabón Gómez J A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The research aimed to design a teaching strategy and analyze benefits of its implementation in the use of technologies like GeoGebra and interactive materials that offers the web as enabling tools and teaching as mediation is aimed at students in grade 11 middle education. Tests pre-test and post-test and two experimental groups were applied control. It was verified that the teaching strategy has a positive influence on learning the experimental group improved the level of understanding of the concept of derivative and thus academic performance, in contrast to the control group to which is applied the traditional methodology.
Student leaders profile according to the United Nations model a factorial analysis
Authors: Leal J F Rincón , Ortega M Vergel , Leal O L Rincón 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to create a structural model able to explain the profile of student leaders during their youth stage, by implementing the pedagogical model form national university organization, in order to develop skills from a cognitive approach using an event-based learning trend. The research had a quantitative methodological approach, addressing differences in the students’ cognitive abilities for oral expression and textual production, along with a correlational method of factorial design analysis, as a field type. The beneficiary population was made up of students from private educational institutions with an average age of 17 years. According to the model, it was found that among the factors associated with leadership are, the ability to lobby, strategies, critical reading, intensity of the debate, discourse analysis, quality of presentation, decision making, characteristics that determine the profile of a ruler.
Educational engineering as research methodology in learning the concepts of limit and continuity
Authors: Saraza D , Vera C , Trujillo J , Prada R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Attached to the differential calculus concepts, particularly the of limit and continuity usually difficult environment to its conceptual construction, since it is usually oriented to the domain of algebraic processes, restricting the understanding and thus limiting learning and appropriation of the same. This research was developed by students of the hotbed of research in mathematics education, aiming to promote the correct conceptual apprehension of the themes of the differential calculus, through the design and implementation of various didactic sequences, based on didactic engineering as research methodology. Sequences used different registers of semiotic representation such as graphical, algebraic, natural and tabular. The activities were implemented in students belonging to the “Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander”, Colombia. Through the raised situation a better apprehension on the understanding of the infinitesimal of the meaning of the boundary (related to the continuity of this) and a better insight on the graphic understanding of limit and continuity, has strengthened since they had the opportunity to visualize the object of study in a direct way.
317 Incidence of Cognitive Impairment after Stroke: a Retrospective Cohort of Rehabilitation Patients.
Authors: Gorey Sarah , Cassidy Tim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Pendlebury and Rothwell’s recent paper reports the incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia post stroke as 5% for TIA, 8% for minor stroke and 34% for severe stroke. 1We wanted to explore if these trends were reproducible in an Irish cohort.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of a random sample of 100 discharges from a dedicated stroke rehabilitation unit between 2017 and 2018. Diagnosis of cognitive impairment or dementia was extracted from MDT discharge documentation, along with results of cognitive assessments. This cohort required inpatient rehabilitation post stroke, so we can infer that these were severe strokes. As a surrogate marker of disability, the average Barthel Index of this sample on admission to rehabilitation was 13, indicating moderate functional dependency.

Results
Complete information was available for 94/100 patients. The average age was 67 years (age range 33-95 years) 37 of 94 (39%) were judged to have cognitive impairment on discharge. Demonstration of functional impairment was central to this assessment. 30 (81%) of these diagnoses were supported by abnormal cognitive tests. 3 of those judged to have cognitive impairment, were unable to complete cognitive assessment. 2 of those judged to have cognitive impairment had cognitive scores which were within the normal range. None of the discharge letters mentioned a diagnosis of post stroke or vascular dementia.

Conclusion
This study replicates Pendlebury and Rothwell’s findings that over a third of people suffering from severe strokes will develop cognitive impairment. This is of critical importance to stroke clinicians as it should prompt frank discussions with stroke patients and their families about prognosis, recovery and future planning.
Railway Sparks: Technological Development and the Common Law
Authors: Wilde Mark L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The railways have been described as Britain's ‘gift to the world’. The sheer scale, ambition and audaciousness of the engineering still inspires awe and reshaped the landscape forever. They brought towns and cities closer together and instigated irreversible economic, political and social changes. However, as is often the case with a new technology, the railways also brought negative side effects, one of the most destructive of which was fire damage caused by sparks and lighted coals from steam locomotives. The railway sparks issue has long served as a case study for the economic analysis of tort and the issue of where the loss should fall. Nevertheless, much of the analysis has lacked an appreciation of how the courts actually resolved these disputes. This has attracted some comment from tort scholars and legal historians but has never been the subject of a sustained piece of doctrinal or historical research. This article constitutes the first truly comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the cases (both reported and unreported). The study has yielded new insights into the main arguments (and in particular the need to fit spark arrestors to locomotives), the attitude of the railway industry to the problem and the role played by such cases in key doctrinal developments such as strict liability. Moreover, it examines how railway interests in Parliament were able to stymy attempts to replace the common law with a much more onerous strict liability regime under statute. As such it affords important new insights into how law responded to some of the new challenges of the Industrial Age.