bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Traffic Data for Road Rehabilitation Design: A Case Study of the Korogwe-Mombo Road Section in Tanzania
Authors: Komba Julius J. , Mataka Mussa , Malisa John T. , Walubita Lubinda F. , Maina James W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Traffic loading is one of the key inputs for new and rehabilitation designs of pavement. Heavy vehicles cause the most structural damage to pavements; hence, as part of the pavement design process, heavy vehicle volume and axle load surveys are typically carried out to assist with the accurate estimation of the cumulative traffic loading over a design period. Traffic volumes, axle loads, and the ultimate cumulative traffic loading often fluctuate because of factors such as varying motorist population and economic activities along the length of the road. This article presents a comparative assessment of traffic loading estimated for the rehabilitation design in 2005 and the actual measured site-specific traffic loading in 2015. The design traffic loading was also compared with the projected future traffic loading for the Korogwe-Mombo road section along the T2 trunk road that connects Tanzania’s business hub of Dar es Salaam with the northern regional cities. The study found, inter alia, that the cumulative traffic loading based on the 2015-measured site-specific traffic data is approximately 2.8 times higher than the design traffic loading based on the 2005 traffic data, which illustrates the importance of using accurate and reliable site-specific traffic data during pavement design. The implications of the findings for rehabilitation design are presented in this article, along with discussions on the contribution of heavy traffic loading to rutting/permanent deformation that occurred on the surface asphalt layer along the Korogwe-Mombo road section. To improve the accurate determination of traffic loading, traffic studies should ideally be conducted over a long period (typically over 1 year). However, this is not practical and cost effective when traditional manual methods are used. Hence, it is recommended that road agencies should consider the use of portable automated traffic and Weigh-In-Motion monitoring systems.
Climatology Influence on Malaria Cases in Alusi Community Health Center, West Southeast Maluku Regency
Authors: Sandy Semuel , Ayomi Ivon 
Published: October 2018

The west Southeast Maluku regency is a malaria endemic area with API of 29.99 / 1000 in 2014. Malaria is affected by climatology, therefore climatological changes can be used to predict increase in malaria cases. We used times series study research method of the climatology influence on malaria cases in Alusi Community Health Center. We used secondary data of malaria cases from Alusi Community Health Center and climatologic data (rainfall, wind speed, humidity temperature) from Saumlaki Meteorological, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. The research was conducted in March-April 2016 in West Southeast Maluku Regency. The data was analysed by linear regression. The proportion of malaria cases was 38.3%; most infection occured in patients over 15 years old (71 cases). The linear regression analysis of climatological influence on malaria cases were as follows: humidity was r = 0.382; R2 = 0.146; p = 0.220, r = 0.172 temperature was; R2 = 0.03; p = 0.592, r = 0.345, rainfall was; R2 = 0.119; p = 0.272, and wind velocity was r = 0.07; R2 = 0.005; p = 0.828. We could concluded that climatology parameters showed positive correlation, but statistically insignificant relationship with malaria cases (p <0.05).
Increased cardiovascular risk in thyroid cancer patients taking levothyroxine: a nationwide cohort study in Korea
Authors: Suh Beomseok , Shin Dong Wook , Park Youngmin , Lim Hyunsun , Yun Jae Moon , Song Sun Ok , Park Jin Ho , Cho BeLong , Guallar Eliseo 
Published: October 2018

Objective
Many thyroid cancer patients are exposed to long-term thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression, often as lifetime treatment, and are consequently at risk for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke among thyroid cancer patients compared with matched control subjects.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
A total of 182 419 subjects who received thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer during 2004–2012 were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance data, which cover approximately 97% of the entire Korean population. Propensity score matching was used to select non-cancer controls. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine relative risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Mean follow-up was 4.32 years.

Results
Thyroid cancer patients had elevated risk for CHD and ischemic stroke with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.22) and 1.15 (1.09–1.22), respectively. This risk was increased in those who took a higher dosage of levothyroxine (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.34–1.60 for CHD and HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.42–1.72 for ischemic stroke among those who took ≥170 μg/day levothyroxine). Although risk of atrial fibrillation was dose-dependently associated with levothyroxine dosage, it represents only a small proportion of ischemic stroke incidence (4.4%, 128/2914).

Conclusions
The risk for CHD and ischemic stroke was higher in thyroid cancer patients who received thyroidectomy, and the dosage of levothyroxine administered appears to play a major role. Greater caution is suggested for the screening and treatment of thyroid cancer and subsequent TSH suppression therapy, as well as proper management for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Inaugural Preface of Science Insights Education Frontiers
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqiao 
Published: October 2018

WITH continuing globalization, education in today’s world is changing every year. Whether it is a researcher who studies theory, or an instructor engaged in the practical work of education and teaching, educational professionals are constantly thinking about various problems in education, pursuing excellence and actively exploring at the forefront of theory and practice. In order to disseminate the results of educational theorists and practitioners in a timely manner, and to enable the world's educational community to keep abreast of the most cutting-edge theoretical research and practical exploration results, we edited and published the journal Science Insights Education Frontiers.
Science Insights Education Frontiers is a global professional journal of education. It is aimed at educational professionals from all over the world, including researchers engaging in studies related to education, psychology, and physical education, teachers and principals working in primary and secondary schools, college students studying pedagogy, postgraduate and doctoral students doing research in various educational research organizations, as well as those enthusiastic about education reform and development.
Our journal focuses on the realities of education in the world, pays attention to cutting-edge educational theory research and the latest achievements in educational reform and experimentation, tracks hot topics in educational practice around the world, and promotes advanced education and teaching experience to a diverse and global audience.
Based on this, we will set the main sections as follows: frontiers of educational theory research, frontiers of educational practice, educational empirical and experimental research, school education and teaching reform cases, professional development, curricula and teaching, moral education, academic conference review, education Pen talks, cutting-edge newsletters, and so on.
We hope that through our efforts, we not only aid the dissemination of educational theoretical research and practical exploration, but also provide a platform for educators to communicate. Through the process of discussing and sharing the frontier issues of education, we can jointly promote the reform and development of education and contribute our strength to the realization of a beautiful educational ideal.
KALBOS paveikslas lietuviškuose leksikografiniuose šaltiniuose. Sisteminių duomenų analizė
Authors: Smetonienė Irena , Smetonienė Anželika 
Published: October 2018

[full article, abstract in Lithuanian; only abstract in English]
Language is one of the essential values of the nation, which encodes not only the culture and the identity of the nation, but also what is called national psychology. The article aims at revealing the image of the concept LANGUAGE in modern lexicographical sources. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the Dictionary of Lithuanian Language only 4 out of 10 meanings of ‘kalba’ (language) are witnessed in present-day spoken language, however, namely they show how the concept is understood by the users of the language. The Dictionary of Synonyms provides quite a few synonyms of the language but not all of them are equivalent. Synonyms ‘šneka’ (speech) and ‘žosmė’ are used in the same sense as the language. Another synonym ‘byla’ is quite close to the meanings of the language. However, it has more meanings and some of them are unrelated to the language. The study reveals that there are more contextual synonyms in the speech, such as ‘žodis’ (word), ‘liežuvis’ (tongue). The new meanings can also be highlighted by the antonyms but in the case of language, the Dictionary of Antonyms presents only one − ‘tyla’ (silence). There are more antonyms in the spoken language.
Akanie as a Means of Linguistic Stylization in Lithuanian Novels by Józef Weyssenhoff
Authors: Płusa Magdalena 
Published: October 2018

[only abstract in English; full article and abstract in Polish]
Józef Weyssenhoff (1860–1932) was a Polish writer who dedicated to Kaunas, Lithuania two of the most significant novels in his literary output – “Unia” (1910) and “Soból i panna” (1912), often called “Lithuanian novels”. He was deeply emotionally connected with this region since he was a child. Both these texts constitute a valuable source of knowledge concerning the status of regional variant of Polish language and its formal characteristics that were used in the ground-breaking decades of the 19th and 20th century. These characteristics were used by the writer as a means of masterly conducted linguistic stylization. Among the presented by Weyssenhoff’s linguistic facts characteristic for Northern Borderlands there can be found a process called ‘akanie’ what basically means the pattern of pronouncing unstressed vowels /e/ and /o/ as /a/. Which of the peculiar indicators concerning the specific vowel pronunciation is evidenced in the studied texts (phonetic parameter or a phenomenon that has experienced morphological processes)? How do they serve as a means of linguistic stylization? The following article presents a brief description of the peculiar process called ‘akanie’ which was known to Józef Weyssenhoff from Kaunas, Lithuania and which he then deliberately introduced in his two novels as a function of a literary manifestation.
Лексические особенности русского языка в Беларуси, не связанные с влиянием белорусского языка
Authors: Goritskaya Olga 
Published: October 2018

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in English]
The article focuses on the interaction of external and internal factors in language change. The paper deals with lexical units that have emerged in the Belarusian variety of Russian without the direct influence of the Belarusian language. The author analyses lexemes derived from Russian morphemes, new meanings of Russian words, and multi-word nominative units, including periphrasis. These items represent how the potential of the Russian language system is realized.
The study shows that regionally specific lexical units denote both culture-bound and universal phenomena. The emergence of the units from the latter category is caused by the lexical modernization that may take different forms in different regions. In addition, there is an intermediate group of lexical units: they are not culture-bound but their formation is related to the facts relevant to Belarus. Some lexical units are allusive and refer to political speeches and other famous texts.
Finding Home: Paule Marshall’s “The Chosen Place, the Timeless People”
Authors: Stulov Yuri 
Published: October 2018

[full article and abstract in English]
The paper deals with the novel “The Chosen Place, the Timeless People” by Paule Marshall, one of the most significant precursors of the modern generation of African American women writers who were instrumental in voicing the concerns and aspirations of millions of black women. It develops some of the themes the writer addressed in her first novel “Brown Girl, Brownstones” and raises topical issues of power and domination, connections between the historical past and present, postcolonial mentality, individual and collective identity, racism, gender inequality, complex relationship between the oppressed and the oppressors, men and women in a male-dominated society, and women’s struggle for self-identification and self-determination. The novel was published in 1969, a critical year in the Civil Rights movement that paved the way for major changes in the social and political life of the United States, and signified the emergence of black feminist writing focusing on the female protagonist of mixed descent who challenges the accepted views and mores and helps to introduce the new awareness of what should be done to break with the miserable past.
Kultūrinė trauma Balio Sruogos romane „Dievų miškas“
Authors: Bankauskaitė Gabija , Andriukevičiūtė Justina 
Published: October 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The object of this research is cultural trauma. The signs of the cultural trauma are sought in the novel „Dievų miškas“ ("Forest of The Gods", 1957) by Balys Sruoga (1896–1947). The repressions of Nazis and cultural trauma that they caused is a new subject that did not get enough attention in the field of literature. Importance of this research is based on the idea that it is impossible to overcome the cultural trauma without consideration and discussion. The article defines the relation between text and context on the basis of the ideas of new historicism. The analysis is intended to reveal what traumatic events are represented in the novel and how the identity of the person reveals in the one, and how traumatic experience changes story style and structure.
Analysis of the novel reveals that the characters face difficult living conditions, physical and psychological violence, and the constant fear of death; these things cause change of values. The irony was noticed in the novel. An ironic story becomes a language of traumatic experience that helps to avoid a sensitive story, disassociate from personal experience, and tell the tragedy of a nation. One must emphasize that in the story of traumatic experience flashbacks get very important. Finally, analysis reveals that in the novel by B. Sruoga the most important sign of identity is culture
Oktawian Jeleński – Polak w carskim mundurze. O Rosjanach i relacjach polsko-rosyjskich w XIX wieku
Authors: Caban Wiesław 
Published: October 2018

[full article in Polish; abstract in English]
In his memoirs of a Pole, Oktawian Jeleński presented the life of soldiers, gentry, peasants, merchants, Russian women and Orthodox clergy in provinces. He also focused on Polish-Russian relations during the January Uprising. His observations deserve attention of the historians researching Polish-Russian relations in the 19th century. Without doubt, Jeleński supported conciliatory approaches, however, at the same time he would severely criticise actions of the Russian administration and police undertaken in order to weaken the Polish spirit, especially in the North-Western Krai. Jelenski believed that good Polish-Russian relations were possible to achieve. In his opinion, however, the Russian „patriotic historiography” and propaganda practiced by Moskowskije wiedomosti, whose editor was Mikhail Katkov, stood in the way. Jeleński’s memoirs are a clear demonstration that a Pole wearing a Tsar’s uniform did not have to deny his Polish identity and the Catholic religion.
Taras Shevchenko Translated and Retranslated by Vera Rich: A Lifelong Search for Poetic Perfection
Authors: Kolomiyets Lada 
Published: October 2018

[full article and abstract in English]
The article deals with the translator’s laboratory of Faith Elizabeth Joan Rich, better known by her pen name Vera, which is the direct Ukrainian translation of Faith. The discussion focuses on post-publication self-revisions by Rich of her earlier translations from “The Kobzar” by the Ukrainian Romantic poet Taras Shevchenko (1814–1861) in subsequent printings, as well as on her reprinted and new translations of Shevchenko. The article details the numerous instances of self-editing by the translator, including two versions of the poem «Садок вишневий коло хати…» (“Beside the house, the cherry’s flowering…” and “Cherry-trees bloom by the house yonder…”). It also analyses the singability of translations by Rich, and in particular of the verses “Roaring and groaning rolls the Dnipro…” and “O my thoughts, my heartfelt thoughts, I am troubled for you…” The article concludes that in her strategy Rich has developed a holistic approach to translating Shevchenko’s “Kobzar”.
From Verbal to Audiovisual Medium: The Case of the Cinematic Adaptation of R. L. Stevenson’s Novel “The Wrong Box”. Part II
Authors: Krūminienė Jadvyga , Višinskaitė Indrė 
Published: October 2018

[full article and abstract in English]
The paper attempts at the analysis of the narrational shifts between verbal and audiovisual mediums on the basis of R. L. Stevenson’s novel “The Wrong Box” (1989) and its cinematic adaptation under the same title by Bryan Forbes (1966). The authors approach adaptation as a complex phenomenon that experiences the creative tension between preserving fidelity to the source literary text and striving for filmic originality. Similarly to novels, movies represent an act and art of narration but they use different narrative strategies. In film narratives, deep focus, the length and scale of the shots, editing, montage, lighting, sound design, music, human voice etc. accompany the verbal medium. Modelled after literature, movies demonstrate the specific construal narrative components that are combined into coherent cinematic sequences.
When transfering R. L. Stevenson’s novel from fictional medium into cinematic medium, Forbes organises the relations of the narrative elements on an intertextual level thus fostering new expressive means. Such practice allows to project the cinematic narrator as a complex construct also given the possibility of being perceived as a speaking persona through an inventive use of intertitles. In fact, the adaptor is caught up in the farcical narrational game, provoking the viewer to actively participate in it.
Meno autonomija ir demokratija Lietuvos kultūros politikoje
Authors: Rimkutė Audronė 
Published: October 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
Autonomy of art understood as the independence of the art creation, dissemination and funding organizations from political institutions is one of the most important principles of cultural politics in democratic countries. The idea of artistic autonomy is the basis of the ‘arm’s length’ cultural policy model that works in the United Kingdom and Scandinavian states and which had been ecommended by European Council experts to Lithuania and other Eastern European countries while reforming their cultural policy after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Lithuania finished the transition to the model in 2012-2013 when the Lithuanian Film Centre and the Council for Culture had been established. However, the reaction of Lithuanian political authorities to some of the recent cultural events in Lithuania show that the autonomy of art as an idea and norm of cultural policy has not been working in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to describe the idea of the autonomy of art in cultural policy and to analyse several actual issues of Lithuanian cultural politics in the aspect of the relationship between the autonomy of art and democracy. The article is based on the analysis of scientific literature, press articles, and political documents.
Renal COP9 Signalosome Deficiency Alters CUL3-KLHL3-WNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cornelius Ryan J. , Si Jinge , Cuevas Catherina A. , Nelson Jonathan W. , Gratreak Brittany D.K. , Pardi Ruggero , Yang Chao-Ling , Ellison David H. 
Published: October 2018

Background
The familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt) cullin 3 (CUL3) mutant does not degrade WNK kinases normally, thereby leading to thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) activation. CUL3 mutant (CUL3Δ9) does not bind normally to the COP9 signalosome (CSN), a deneddylase involved in regulating cullin-RING ligases. CUL3Δ9 also caused increased degradation of the CUL3-WNK substrate adaptor kelch-like 3 (KLHL3). Here, we sought to determine how defective CSN action contributes to the CUL3Δ9 phenotype.

Methods
The Pax8/LC1 mouse system was used to generate mice in which the catalytically active CSN subunit, Jab1, was deleted only along the nephron, after full development (KS-Jab1
−/−).

Results
Western blot analysis demonstrated that Jab1 deletion increased the abundance of neddylated CUL3. Moreover, total CUL3 expression was reduced, suggesting decreased CUL3 stability. KLHL3 was almost completely absent in KS-Jab1
−/− mice. Conversely, the protein abundances of WNK1, WNK4, and SPAK kinases were substantially higher. Activation of WNK4, SPAK, and OSR1 was indicated by higher phosphorylated protein levels and translocation of the proteins into puncta, as observed by immunofluorescence. The ratio of phosphorylated NCC to total NCC was also higher. Surprisingly, NCC protein abundance was low, likely contributing to hypokalemia and Na+ and K+ wasting. Additionally, long-term Jab1 deletion resulted in kidney damage.

Conclusions
Together, the results indicate that deficient CSN binding contributes importantly to the FHHt phenotype. Although defective CUL3Δ9-faciliated WNK4 degradation likely contributes, dominant effects on KLHL3 may be a second factor that is necessary for the phenotype.