bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the interference of pain on daily life in persons with spinal cord injury: A Rasch‐validated subset of items from the Brief Pain Inventory interference scale
Authors: Hand Brittany N. , Velozo Craig A. , Krause James S. 
Published: July 2018

Background/aimUp to 60% of individuals report chronic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Measurement of the degree to which pain interferes with activities and emotions can provide valuable clinical insights with implications for pain management interventions. One questionnaire that can be used to quantify the impact of pain is the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) interference scale, a seven‐item self‐report assessment. Our objective was to examine the Rasch measurement properties of the BPI interference scale for measuring pain interference in persons with SCI.MethodsA secondary analysis of cross‐sectional, population‐based, self‐report data was conducted. Participants were adults with traumatic SCI with residual effects who were at least one year post‐injury and 18 years of age (n = 876). Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the measurement properties of the BPI interference items for persons with SCI.ResultsTwo BPI interference scale items were excluded from analysis due to high rates of missing data. Of the remaining five items, four items demonstrated acceptable measurement properties in the SCI population.ConclusionFour of the original seven BPI interference items provide acceptable measurements of pain interference in the SCI population.
Is it time for a culture change? Blood culture collection in the emergency department
Authors: Denny Kerina J , Sweeny Amy , Crilly Julia , Maloney Samuel , Keijzers Gerben 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe how frequently blood cultures (BCs) are obtained in the ED and to describe the incidence of true‐ and false‐positive BC results.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study of all patients presenting to a tertiary‐level, mixed Australian ED over a 15 month period.ResultsA total of 3617 (3.67%) patients had BCs collected. Around one (12.1%) in eight of these BCs were positive; nearly half (45.2%) of which were identified as a false positive.ConclusionsBCs are a common investigation in the ED with a high false‐positive rate. Strategies are required to reduce false positives, including reducing inappropriate collection and improving collection techniques.
Systems pathology analysis identifies neurodegenerative nature of age‐related vitreoretinal interface diseases
Authors: Öhman Tiina , Tamene Fitsum , Göös Helka , Loukovaara Sirpa , Varjosalo Markku 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAging is a phenomenon that is associated with profound medical implications. Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iEMR) and macular hole (MH) are the major vision‐threatening vitreoretinal diseases affecting millions of aging people globally, making these conditions an important public health issue. iERM is characterized by fibrous tissue developing on the surface of the macula, which leads to biomechanical and biochemical macular damage. MH is a small breakage in the macula and is associated with many ocular conditions. Although several individual factors and pathways are suggested, a systems pathology level understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders is lacking. Therefore, we performed mass spectrometry‐based label‐free quantitative proteomics analysis of the vitreous proteomes from patients with iERM and MH to identify the key proteins, as well as the multiple interconnected biochemical pathways, contributing to the development of these diseases. We identified a total of 1,014 unique proteins, many of which are linked to inflammation and the complement cascade, revealing the inflammation processes in retinal diseases. Additionally, we detected a profound difference in the proteomes of iEMR and MH compared to those of diabetic retinopathy with macular edema and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. A large number of neuronal proteins were present at higher levels in the iERM and MH vitreous, including neuronal adhesion molecules, nervous system development proteins, and signaling molecules, pointing toward the important role of neurodegenerative component in the pathogenesis of age‐related vitreoretinal diseases. Despite them having marked similarities, several unique vitreous proteins were identified in both iERM and MH, from which candidate targets for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches can be provided.
Evaluation of the Effects of Apatinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Venlafaxine and O‐desmethylvenlafaxine in SD Male Rats by UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Bao Su‐su , Wen Jian , Lin Qian‐meng , Li Ying‐hui , Huang Yang‐ge , Zhou Hong‐yu , Hu Guo‐xin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of apatinib on the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine and O‐desmethylvenlafaxine in SD rats and the inhibitory effects of apatinib on venlafaxine in rat and human liver microsomes. Twenty‐one SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7): group A (multiple dose of 40 mg/kg apatinib for 7 days), group B (single dose of 40 mg/kg apatinib) and group C (the control group). All samples were measured by UPLC‐MS/MS. The results indicated that a single dose of apatinib increased the AUC(0‐t), AUC(0‐∞) and Cmax of both venlafaxine and O‐desmethylvenlafaxine significantly, while Vz/F and CLz/F were decreased. As for group A, only AUC(0‐t) and CLz/F of venlafaxine were changed, while no parameters of O‐desmethylvenlafaxine were altered. In addition, apatinib was determined to be a mixed inhibitor of venlafaxine.
Using tablets in free play: The implementation of the digital play framework in Greece
Authors: Hatzigianni Maria , Gregoriadis Athanasios , Karagiorgou Ioanna , Chatzigeorgiadou Sofia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe use of tablets in a Greek kindergarten class (16 children aged 4–5) under the digital play framework (Bird & Edwards, 2015) is explored in this study. The Vygotskian framework was adapted with permission in the Greek language and socio‐cultural context. The aim was to understand children's use of new, touchscreen technologies, but also to identify a useful way to observe the progression of that engagement. The project lasted for 4 months and children were observed ten times (written and video recorded observations). Children were observed in pairs or small groups during their free play with the tablets. Findings suggest that the adapted framework was particularly helpful, when observing children, but could benefit from more flexibility and a less linear structure. Children went through the different stages of the framework using social scaffolding as their most dynamic strategy. This study is significant as it reports on an underexplored context going through a range of social and political transformations (Greece), but also because it provides further insights on how to more efficiently document and assess children's play with technology.
Metabolic syndrome emerges after artificial selection for low baroreflex sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Li‐Li , Zhang Ying , Cheng Yan‐Qiong , Zhang Jing‐Ming , Liu Hong‐Qi , Wang Wei‐Zhong , Mehta Jawahar L. , Xiong Zhi‐Gang , Su Ding‐Feng , Liu Ai‐Jun 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAimsIt is unclear whether the impaired BRS plays a key role in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanism of impaired BRS remains to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that selection of rats based on deficient and normal intrinsic BRS would yield models that reflect cardiovascular diseases risk.Methods and ResultsTwenty generations of selection produced arterial baroreflex low rats and normal rats that differed in BRS by about 2.5‐fold change. Metabolic syndrome (including hypertension, overweight, hyperlipemia, and hyperglycemia) emerged in ABR‐DRs. Although ABR‐DRs consumed less food, they gained significantly more body weight.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that intrinsic low BRS induced hypertension and metabolic disorder. Restoration of impaired BRS might be a potent target of therapeutic intervention in metabolic syndrome.
Social decision making in autism: On the impact of mirror neurons, motor control, and imitative behaviors
Authors: Khalil Radwa , Tindle Richard , Boraud Thomas , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Karim Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe Mirror Neuron System (MNS) plays a crucial role in action perception and imitative behavior, which is suggested to be impaired in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). In this review, we discuss the plausibility and empirical evidence of a neural interaction between the MNS, action perception, empathy, imitative behavior, and their impact on social decision making in ASDs. To date, there is no consensus regarding a particular theory in ASDs and its underlying mechanisms. Some theories have completely focused on social difficulties, others have emphasized sensory aspects. Based on the current studies, we suggest a multilayer neural network model including the MNS on a first layer and transforming this information to a higher layer network responsible for reasoning. Future studies with ASD participants combining behavioral tasks with neuroimaging methods and transcranial brain stimulation as well as computational modeling can help validate and complement this suggested model. Moreover, we propose applying the behavioral paradigms, and the neurophysiological markers mentioned in this review article for evaluating psychiatric treatment approaches in ASDs. The investigation of modulating effects of different treatment approaches on the neurophysiological markers of the MNS can help find specific subgroups of ASDs patients and support tailored psychiatric interventions.
Evaluation of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in living liver donors
Authors: Khalil Ahmed , Ganesh Swaytha , Hughes Christopher , Tevar Amit D. , Hasche John J. , Esper Stephen , Humar Abhinav 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol has proven to be effective in many surgery fields in controlling pain and promoting early recovery. Application of the (ERAS) protocol in living donor liver patients is a new step to promote early recovery.MethodsWe analyzed outcomes in two groups. Group A included the living donors who had the ERAS protocol applied (n = 30), and Group B included donors who had their surgery before the ERAS protocol (n = 30). All donors had the same incision. The ERAS protocol involved a multimodality methods. This included intravenous ketamine and lidocaine intraoperatively with single dose intrathecal morphine and local injection of long‐acting bupivacaine. The postoperative regimen included intravenous ketamine, lidocaine, ketorolac, and narcotics as PRN.ResultsPain on the first three postoperative days was significantly lower in Group A (P < 0.05). Narcotics were also significantly lower in Group A (P < 0.01). Return of bowel function occurred earlier by 1 day in Group A (P < 0.003). Group A patients could tolerate a regular diet by postoperative day (POD) three vs four in Group B patients (P = 0.0057). Mean length of stay was lower in Group A, but not statistically significant.ConclusionsEnhanced recovery after surgery protocol was effective in minimizing postoperative pain and helped to decrease the postoperative narcotics and helped early recovery.
Risk of coronary artery disease and stroke according to sex and presence of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Harjutsalo Valma , Thomas Merlin C , Forsblom Carol , Groop Per‐Henrik ,   On Behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: July 2018

AimsTo determine the effect of different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and sex on the excess and absolute morbidity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in order to distinguish different cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles in people with T1D.Materials and MethodsThe study included 4410 people with T1D from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), divided by DN status, and a control population of 12 434 people without diabetes. CVD events were identified from the Finnish nationwide health registries. Cumulative incidences for CAD and stroke were calculated and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated between participants with T1D and the control group, stratified by DN status and sex.ResultsThere were 487 incident CADs and 290 strokes at the end of 2014 (median follow‐up 12.9 years). The cumulative incidence rates of CAD and stroke were similar in men and women within different nephropathy groups. The SIR for CAD was 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.9‐8.2), 17.2 (95% CI 14.9‐19.5) in women and 5.3 (95% CI 4.7‐5.9) in men. The women‐to‐men ratio of SIR increased by nephropathy group: 3.3, 3.7, 5.3 and 6.8 in the normo‐, micro‐ and macroalbuminuria and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) groups, respectively. The SIR for stroke was 5.0 (95% CI 4.3‐5.5), similar in men and women. The women‐to‐men ratio of SIR for stroke was 0.8, 1.3, 1.6 and 1.7, in the normo‐, micro‐ and macroalbuminuria and ESRD groups, respectively. The SIR in participants with normoalbuminuria and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 3.5 (95% CI 2.5‐4.5) for CAD and 1.6 (95% CI 1.0‐2.3) for stroke.ConclusionsAlthough the excess CVD risk is several‐fold greater in women compared to men, the absolute CVD risk in men and women was equal when nephropathy was taken into account. Even participants with normoalbuminuria and normal kidney function were found to have an excess CVD risk compared with the control group without diabetes.
Seasonal differences in body mass and circulating metabolites in a wing‐dimorphic pygmy grasshopper: implications for life history?
Authors: Lehmann Gerlind U. C. , Marco Heather G. , Lehmann Arne W. , Gäde Gerd 
Published: July 2018

1. Functional wing polymorphism in insects is an intriguing topic, especially with respect to the adaptive advantage of each wing morph. The common pygmy grasshopper in Germany, Tetrix subulata, displays wing polymorphism skewed towards macropterous (LW) individuals capable of flight. Furthermore, T. subulata is known to undergo adult diapause in winter and reproduce in spring.2. Morphometric and biochemical parameters were examined in field‐collected grasshoppers during autumn and spring to obtain a ‘snapshot’ from the same/one cohort of grasshoppers in the wild.3. Flight muscles are largely reduced in brachypterous (SW) specimens, whereas they are well developed in LW individuals. Body mass measurements indicated gain in female T. subulata in spring, especially in LW morphs, which could be attributed to increased reproductive activity (egg production).4. Metabolic fuel in haemolymph is differentially distributed in autumn: the concentration of lipids is highest in males, while carbohydrates are most abundant in LW specimens. The metabolic data imply that dispersal in T. subulata is predominantly in autumn, by flight in the case of LW specimens and by hopping/walking in males.5. The season seems to be an important factor for the reproductive versus dispersal trade‐off in this species. Moreover, this study shows that morphological differences in T. subulata individuals are reflected in physiological differences that may ultimately affect behaviour and ecology.
Alternative routes to piscivory: Contrasting growth trajectories in brown trout (Salmo trutta) ecotypes exhibiting contrasting life history strategies
Authors: Hughes Martin R. , Hooker Oliver E. , Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Kettle‐White Alan , Thorne Alastair , Prodöhl Paulo , Adams Colin E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLarge and long‐lived piscivorous brown trout, Salmo trutta, colloquially known as ferox trout, have been described from a number of oligotrophic lakes in Britain and Ireland. The “ferox” life history strategy is associated with accelerated growth following an ontogenetic switch to piscivory and extended longevity (up to 23 years in the UK). Thus, ferox trout often reach much larger sizes and older ages than sympatric lacustrine invertebrate‐feeding trout. Conventional models suggest that S. trutta adopting this life history strategy grow slowly before a size threshold is reached, after which, this gape‐limited predator undergoes a diet switch to a highly nutritional prey source (fish) resulting in a measurable growth acceleration. This conventional model of ferox trout growth was tested by comparing growth trajectories and age structures of ferox trout and sympatric invertebrate‐feeding trout in multiple lake systems in Scotland. In two of the three lakes examined, fish displaying alternative life history strategies, but living in sympatry, exhibited distinctly different growth trajectories. In the third lake, a similar pattern of growth was observed between trophic groups. Piscivorous trout were significantly older than sympatric invertebrate‐feeding trout at all sites, but ultimate body size was greater in only two of three sites. This study demonstrates that there are multiple ontogenetic growth pathways to achieving piscivory in S. trutta and that the adoption of a piscivorous diet may be a factor contributing to the extension of lifespan.
Climatic, topographic, and anthropogenic factors determine connectivity between current and future climate analogs in North America
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Parks Sean A. , Dobrowski Solomon Z. , Roberts David R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs climatic conditions shift in coming decades, persistence of many populations will depend on their ability to colonize habitat newly suitable for their climatic requirements. Opportunities for such range shifts may be limited unless areas that facilitate dispersal under climate change are identified and protected from land uses that impede movement. While many climate adaptation strategies focus on identifying refugia, this study is the first to characterize areas which merit protection for their role in promoting climate connectivity at a continental extent. We identified climate connectivity areas across North America by delineating paths between current climate types and their future analogs that avoided nonanalogous climates, and used centrality metrics to rank the contribution of each location to facilitating dispersal across the landscape. The distribution of connectivity areas was influenced by climatic and topographic factors at multiple spatial scales. Results were robust to uncertainty in the magnitude of future climate change arising from differing emissions scenarios and general circulation models, but sensitive to analysis extent and assumptions concerning dispersal behavior and maximum dispersal distance. Paths were funneled along north‐south trending passes and valley systems and away from areas of novel and disappearing climates. Climate connectivity areas, where many potential dispersal paths overlapped, were distinct from refugia and thus poorly captured by many existing conservation strategies. Existing protected areas with high connectivity values were found in southern Mexico, the southwestern US, and western and arctic Canada and Alaska. Ecoregions within the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Great Plains, eastern temperate forests, high Arctic, and western Canadian Cordillera hold important climate connectivity areas which merit increased conservation focus due to anthropogenic pressures or current low levels of protection. Our coarse‐filter climate‐type‐based results complement and contextualize species‐specific analyses and add a missing dimension to climate adaptation planning by identifying landscape features which promote connectivity among refugia.
MTMR4, a phosphoinositide‐specific 3’‐phosphatase, regulates TFEB activity and the endocytic and autophagic pathways
Authors: Pham Hoa Q. , Yoshioka Kazuaki , Mohri Hiromi , Nakata Hiroki , Aki Sho , Ishimaru Kazuhiro , Takuwa Noriko , Takuwa Yoh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PI(3)P) is the predominant phosphoinositide species in early endosomes and autophagosomes, in which PI(3)P dictates traffic of these organelles. Phosphoinositide levels are tightly regulated by lipid‐kinases and ‐phosphatases; however, a phosphatase that converts PI(3)P back to phosphatidylinositol in the endosomal and autophagosomal compartments is not fully understood. We investigated the subcellular distribution and functions of myotubularin‐related protein‐4 (MTMR4), which is distinct among other MTMRs in that it possesses a PI(3)P‐binding FYVE domain, in lung alveolar epithelium‐derived A549 cells. MTMR4 was localized mainly in late endosomes and autophagosomes. MTMR4 knockdown markedly suppressed the motility, fusion, and fission of PI(3)P‐enriched structures, resulting in decreases in late endosomes, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, and enlargement of PI(3)P‐enriched early and late endosomes. In amino acid‐ and serum‐starved cells, MTMR4 knockdown decreased both autophagosomes and autolysosomes and markedly increased PI(3)P‐containing autophagosomes and late endosomes, suggesting that the fusion with lysosomes of autophagosomes and late endosomes might be impaired. Notably, MTMR4 knockdown inhibited the nuclear translocation of starvation stress responsive transcription factor‐EB (TFEB) with reduced expression of lysosome‐related genes in starved cells. These findings indicate that MTMR4 is essential for the integrity of endocytic and autophagic pathways.
Pre‐adolescent children's experiences of receiving diabetes‐related support from friends and peers: A qualitative study
Authors: Rankin David , Harden Jeni , Barnard Katharine D. , Stephen John , Kumar Simita , Lawton Julia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile pre‐adolescent children with type 1 diabetes receive most support from their parents/caregivers, others also contribute to their care. This study explored pre‐adolescent children's experiences of receiving diabetes‐related support from friends and peers. The objective was to identify how children could be better supported by their friends and peers to undertake diabetes self‐management.MethodsIn‐depth interviews with 24 children (aged 9‐12 years) with type 1 diabetes. Data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach.ResultsChildren gave mixed accounts of their experiences of speaking to their school/class about diabetes with some indicating that this had resulted in unwanted attention. Most individuals reported that other children had a limited understanding of diabetes and sometimes acted in insensitive ways or said things they found upsetting. Virtually all children described having a small number of close friends who were interested in learning about diabetes and provided them with support. These friends provided support in three overlapping ways, as “monitors and prompters,” “helpers” and “normalizers.” While some children described benefiting from meeting peers with type 1 diabetes, most indicated that they would prefer to develop friendships based on shared interests rather than a common disease status.Discussion and conclusionsFriends and peers provide several kinds of support to pre‐adolescent children with diabetes. Health professionals could consider ways to assist small friendship groups to undertake monitoring and prompting, helping and normalizing roles. Parents, schools and health professionals could explore ways to normalize self‐management practices to better support children with diabetes in school settings.