bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation over Platinum Nanosheet Intercalated Graphite Layers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvent
Authors: Amanuma Hiroaki , Nanao Hidetaka , Shirai Masayuki 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation behaviors of platinum nanosheets intercalated between graphite layers (Pt-GIC) were studied and compared with those of platinum particles on graphite surface (Pt/Gmix) in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent at 323 K. The conversions of cinnamaldehyde of Pt-GIC were lower than those of Pt/Gmix; however, the cinnamyl alcohol yields were higher than those of Pt/Gmix at similar conversions. Carbon dioxide solvent would carry hydrogen and cinnamaldehyde molecules to the edge sites of platinum nanosheets located between graphite layers, which are selective sites for the cinnamyl alcohol production.
Evaluating healthcare priority setting at the meso level: A thematic review of empirical literature
Authors: Waithaka Dennis , Tsofa Benjamin , Barasa Edwine 
Published: February 2018

Background: Decentralization of health systems has made sub-national/regional healthcare systems the backbone of healthcare delivery. These regions are tasked with the difficult responsibility of determining healthcare priorities and resource allocation amidst scarce resources. We aimed to review empirical literature that evaluated priority setting practice at the meso (sub-national) level of health systems. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google scholar databases and supplemented these with manual searching for relevant studies, based on the reference list of selected papers. We only included empirical studies that described and evaluated, or those that only evaluated priority setting practice at the meso-level. A total of 16 papers were identified from LMICs and HICs. We analyzed data from the selected papers by thematic review. Results: Few studies used systematic priority setting processes, and all but one were from HICs. Both formal and informal criteria are used in priority-setting, however, informal criteria appear to be more perverse in LMICs compared to HICs. The priority setting process at the meso-level is a top-down approach with minimal involvement of the community. Accountability for reasonableness was the most common evaluative framework as it was used in 12 of the 16 studies. Efficiency, reallocation of resources and options for service delivery redesign were the most common outcome measures used to evaluate priority setting. Limitations: Our study was limited by the fact that there are very few empirical studies that have evaluated priority setting at the meso-level and there is likelihood that we did not capture all the studies. Conclusions: Improving priority setting practices at the meso level is crucial to strengthening health systems. This can be achieved through incorporating and adapting systematic priority setting processes and frameworks to the context where used, and making considerations of both process and outcome measures during priority setting and resource allocation.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ЗАНЯТИЙ ПО РАЗВИТИЮ СПОСОБНОСТИ К ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАНИЮ МЫШЕЧНЫХ УСИЛИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ С ЛЕГКОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ УМСТВЕННОЙ ОТСТАЛОСТИ
Authors: Shamuratov Surozh Furkatovich , Pravdov Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Pravdov Dmitriy Mikhaylovich 
Published: February 2018

Цель. Совершенствование системы занятий адаптивной физической культурой с учащимися с легкой степенью умственной отсталости младших классов коррекционной школы. Предметом анализа выступают способности детей к дифференцированию мышечных усилий в условиях противодействия внешним силам тяжести и упругости. Автор ставит целью раскрыть основные методические особенности выполнения комплекса специальных упражнений с мячами разного веса и размера для подготовки детей к выполнению бытовых и трудовых двигательных действий.Методы исследования: моделирования, анкетирования, биомеханические методы оценки движений, экспертная оценка, педагогический эксперимент, методы математической статистики.Результаты. Разработана модель организации занятий физическими упражнениями с детьми с легкой степенью умственной, содержание и методика применения комплексов упражнений на специальных тренажерных устройствах с мячами разного веса и размера из арсенала игровых видов спорта (футбол, волейбол, баскетбол, бочча, теннис), направленных на развитие способности к дифференцированию мышечных усилий. Обоснованы формы проведения занятий: круговая тренировка, полоса препятствий, квест-игра, эстафеты. Автор доказывает возможность развития способности к дифференцированию мышечных усилий у младших школьников с легкой степенью умственной отсталости и ее влияния на качество выполнение бытовых и трудовых операций.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в системе занятий адаптивной физической культурой с учащимися с легкой степенью умственной отсталости 1–4 классов специальной коррекционной школы.
ОПЫТ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ КАДРОВ В СИСТЕМЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ
Authors: Shekhmirzova Andzhela Muharbievna , Meretukova Zara Kadyrovna , Chinazirova Aida Ramazanovna 
Published: February 2018

В статье представлен опыт нормативно-правовой подготовки педагогических кадров в сфере высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования. Показаны результаты анализа фактического состояния системы нормативно-правовой подготовки педагогов. Анализируются проблемы формирования нормативно-правовой компетентности. Определена взаимосвязь совершенствование системы нормативно-правовой подготовки педагогических кадров с решением ряда проблем методологического характера. При этом, проблема концептуального моделирования эффективной педагогической системы нормативно-правовой подготовки педагогических кадров рассматривается в качестве стержневой, вокруг которого группируются другие в определенном соподчинении.С системных позиций показана необходимость создания эффективной системы подготовки педагогов к грамотному использованию в педагогической деятельности нормативно-правовых актов, к решению сложных проблем с учетом динамично обновляющегося законодательства. На основе выявленных методологических проблем нормативно-правовой подготовки педагогов представлена необходимость целостного представления о формировании нормативно-правовой компетентности в условиях непрерывного педагогического образования.Цель исследования – представление модели непрерывной нормативно-правовой подготовки педагогических кадров в сфере высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования на основе выявленных проблем методологического характера.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье представлен комплекс различных методов педагогического исследования: теоретических – анализ научно-педагогической литературы по проблеме исследования, изучение и анализ нормативно-правовой документации по рассматриваемой теме, теоретическое обобщение результатов исследования; эмпирических – опрос, анализ содержания педагогической документации и результатов деятельности, экспертная оценка, моделирование.Результаты: разработана модель непрерывной нормативно-правовой подготовки педагогических кадров в сфере высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования на основе выявленных проблем методологического характера.Область применения результатов: результаты проведенного исследования могут послужить основой управленческой стратегии образовательных организаций при разработке образовательной программы формирования нормативно-правовой компетентности педагогических кадров в сфере высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования с учетом требований новых стандартов.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КОНКОРДАНСА В ОБУЧЕНИИ АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ ЦЕЛЕЙ В НЕЯЗЫКОВОМ ВУЗЕ
Authors: Andyuseva Valentina Germanovna , Latynina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Polikarpova Svetlana Vital’evna , Shagalina Olga Veniaminovna 
Published: February 2018

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с использованием конкорданса в качестве ресурса для выбора лексических единиц при обучении академическому английскому языку для специальных целей в рамках системно-деятельностного подхода. Приводятся примеры использования данного ресурса для подготовки магистрантов и аспирантов неязыковых специальностей.Цель. Авторы статьи ставят целью показать возможности использования программы конкорданс в методике обучения иностранному языку для специальных целей в подготовке магистрантов и аспирантов неязыковых специальностей.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют теоретический анализ методической литературы, а также методы прогнозирования и обобщения.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы показывают алгоритм работы с программой конкорданс для понимания значения слова в контексте, анализа его употребления в языке, для изучения грамматического строя языка, а также для использования корпуса с целью академической коммуникации.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены для обучения иностранному языку для специальных целей магистрантов и аспирантов в неязыковом вузе.
Implementation of a Process for Initiating Naltrexone in Patients Hospitalized for Alcohol Detoxification or Withdrawal
Authors: Stephens John R. , Moore Carlton , Stepanek Kelly V. , Garbutt James C. , Starke Britta , Liles Allen , Jonas Daniel E. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDNaltrexone trials have demonstrated improved outcomes for patients with alcohol use disorders. Hospital initiation of naltrexone has had limited study.OBJECTIVESTo describe the implementation and impact of a process for counseling hospitalized patients with alcohol withdrawal about naltrexone.DESIGNA pre‐post study analysis.SETTINGA tertiary academic center.PATIENTSPatients hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal.INTERVENTIONS(1) Provider education about the efficacy and contraindications of naltrexone and (2) algorithms for evaluating patients for naltrexone.MEASUREMENTSThe percentages of patients counseled about and prescribed naltrexone before discharge and the percentages of pre‐ and postintervention patients with 30‐day emergency department (ED) revisits and rehospitalizations.RESULTSWe identified 128 patient encounters before and 114 after implementation. The percentage of patients counseled about naltrexone rose from 1.6% preimplementation to 63.2% postimplementation (P < .001); the percentage of patients prescribed naltrexone rose from 1.6% to 28.1% (P < .001). Comparing preintervention versus postintervention groups, there were no unadjusted differences in 30‐day ED revisits (25.8% vs 19.3%; P = .23) or rehospitalizations (10.2% vs 11.4%; P = .75). When adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, postintervention patients had lower odds of 30‐day ED revisits (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24‐0.94) but no significant difference in rehospitalizations (OR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.30‐1.92). In subgroup analysis, postintervention patients counseled versus those not counseled about naltrexone were less likely to have 30‐day ED revisits (9.7% vs 35.7%; P = .001) and rehospitalizations (2.8% vs 26.2%; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSThe implementation of a process for counseling patients hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal about using naltrexone for the maintenance of sobriety was associated with lower 30‐day ED revisits but no statistically significant difference in rehospitalizations.
Microstructural Evolution of Q12TM Alloy Irradiated in PWRs and Comparison with Other Zr Base Alloys
Authors: Doriot Sylvie , Verhaeghe Bénédicte , Soniak-Defresne Annie , Bossis Philippe , Gilbon Didier , Chabretou Valérie , Mardon Jean-Paul , Ton-That Marc , Ambard Antoine 
Published: February 2018

Based on the M5®* alloy metallurgy, the Q12™ alloy (Zr-1Nb-0.5Sn-0.1Fe) was developed by AREVA NP for structural components, with ultra-low tin addition and slightly increased iron content. The behavior of this alloy was tested under irradiation in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and has shown improvement in irradiation creep strength and similar free growth compared with M5. This paper provides results on dimensional stability and details the microstructural evolution of the Q12 alloy under neutron irradiation in PWRs.
The Q12 microstructural evolution under irradiation was studied for fast neutron fluences up to 13 × 1025 n/m2 (E &gt; 1 MeV) with analytical transmission electron microscopy observations. We focused on radiation-enhanced needle-like particles, Laves phases, and the linear density of &lt;c&gt;-component loops. These results are compared with other quaternary zirconium-niobium-tin-iron alloys and with M5. All these results allow a general discussion about microstructural evolution and behavior under irradiation of quaternary-type alloys compared to M5 alloy. This study, in agreement with previous works on Zr-1Nb and quaternary alloys, seems to show that increasing the iron content with the presence of niobium and tin will decrease the &lt;c&gt;-component loop linear density and delay the growth breakaway.
Fracture Predictions in Zircaloy Fuel Cladding
Authors: Khan Mansoor A. , Madsen Nels H. , Chin Bryan A. 
Published: February 2018

Predictions of the maximum initial allowable temperature required to achieve a 40-year life in dry storage are made for Zircaloy clad spent fuel. Maximum initial temperatures of 360 to 405°C for irradiated spent fuel cladding (wet pool storage) are predicted.
The technique utilized in this work is based on the deformation and fracture map methodology. Maps are presented for temperatures between 50 and 850°C and stresses between 5 and 500 MPa. These maps are then combined with both the known temperature history (an exponentially decaying one) of Zircaloy fuel cladding in dry storage and a life fracture rule to predict the rupture life of the cladding in dry storage.
Predictions of the deformation and fracture map methodology are shown to be in good agreement with constant stress-constant temperature data.
Mechanical Properties of Cold-Worked Type 316 Stainless Steel During Thermal Transients
Authors: Cauvin Richard , Boutard Jean-Louis , Allegraud Georges 
Published: February 2018

During in-pile incidents in fast breeder reactors, the cladding can experience higher temperatures than normal; it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of the cladding material during such thermal transients to predict the time and location of rupture.
Two types of tests have been developed. First, tension (constant strain rate) tests after a heating at a constant rate and, secondly, constant load tests where heating is performed until rupture occurs.
The tension tests clearly show the role of the heating rate: that is, the higher the heating rate, the lower the cold-work recovery.
Constant load tests were conducted with either uniaxial or biaxial (burst tests) loading. The same stress/failure temperature relationship is found in both types of loading using the Von Mises equivalent stress. To predict failure, the Larson Miller parameter is not adequate, as well as all parameters based on a time/temperature equivalence.
The yield stress measured in the two types of tests are very different probably due to a strain rate effect. Indeed, the tension tests are dynamic ones (ε = 50/s) to avoid thermal recovery during the test duration, while the strain rate measured in constant load tests ranges only from 10−5/s to 10−3/s, being an increasing function of heating rate (ranging from l°C/s to 100°C/s).
Low-Dose Irradiation Effects on Creep Properties of Type 304 Stainless Steel Weld Metal, Heat-Affected Zones, and Welded Joints
Authors: van der Schaaf Bob 
Published: February 2018

The integrity of large non-replaceable primary reactor components of liquid metal fast breeders largely depends on the properties of weld metal and heat-affected zones. Safety authorities, involved in the licensing of the SNR-300, have required the measurement and interpretation of post-irradiation creep and creep rupture properties of DIN 1.4948 (Type 304) stainless steel weld metal and heat-affected zones.
For the present investigation, weld metal in as-deposited and stress-relieved condition has been subjected to tension and creep tests. The heat-affected zone structure was studied with specimens subjected to temperature cycles representative for different locations in the parent metal near the fusion zone. The specimens were irradiated in the HFR Petten at 823 K submerged in sodium to a total neutron fluence of 5 × 1024 n/m2.
Irradiation has no significant effect on creep and tensile properties of weld metal. The heat-affected zone is strongly affected by low-dose neutron irradiation: its 10 000-h creep strength is about 25 MPa lower than that of parent metal under similar conditions. The creep strength of welded joints is controlled by a strain limit criterion. In unirradiated condition, the weld metal has the lowest ductility and rupture occurs in the weld metal. In irradiated condition the heat-affected zone has the lowest ductility for the higher creep stresses (&gt;175 MPa) and lower rupture times (&lt;3000 h). For lower creep stresses, the weld metal, though not affected by irradiation, determines the creep strength.
Application of a stress relief treatment reduces the dislocation density and changes the carbide population in weld metal to such a degree that the ductility increases considerably with little loss of strength. The grain coarsening in the heat-affected zones, amplifying the irradiation embrittlement, can be suppressed by using low heat input welding techniques. By the improvements of the weld metal and heat-affected zone, the post-irradiation creep properties of welded joints could be improved.
Ring Ductility of Irradiated Inconel 706 and Nimonic PE16
Authors: Huang Fan-Hsiung , Fish Robert L. 
Published: February 2018

The tensile ductility of fast neutron-irradiated, precipitation-hardened alloys, Inconel 706 and Nimonic PE 16, has been observed to be very low for certain test conditions. Explanations for the low ductility behavior have been sought by examination of broken tension specimens with microscopy and other similar techniques. A ring compression test provides a method of evaluating the ductility of irradiated cladding specimens. Unlike the conventional uniaxial tension testing in which the tension specimen is deformed uniformly, the ring specimen is subjected to localized bending where the crack is initiated. The ductility can be estimated through an analysis of the bending of a ring in terms of strain hardening.
Ring sections from irradiated, solution-treated Inconel 706 and Nimonic PE16 were compressed in the diametral direction to provide load-deflection records over a wide range of irradiation and test temperatures. Results showed that ductility in both alloys decreased with increasing test temperatures. The poorest ductility was exhibited at different irradiation temperatures in the two alloys—near 550°C for PE 16 and 460 to 520°C for Inconel 706. The ring ductility data indicate that the grain boundary strength is a major factor in controlling the ductility of the PE16 alloy.
Mechanical Properties at High Strain Rate of AISI Type 316L Stainless Steel Irradiated to 9.2 dpa
Authors: Albertini Carlo , Del Grande Angelo , Montagnani Mario 
Published: February 2018

The effects of strain rate (10−2 to ~10−3/s) are reported on the mechanical properties at high temperature (400, 500, and 550°C) of AISI Type 316L austenitic stainless steel irradiated to 9.2 displacements per atom (dpa) at a temperature of 500°C in sodium. The main effects are:
1. a softening effect that appears at large deformations and at medium strain rate (~10/s),
2. reduction of ductility when strain rate increases from low (10−2/s) to medium strain rate, and
3. disappearance of both these effects at high strain rate (~600/s). The comparison of the mechanical properties of the same material irradiated to 2.2 dpa and 9.2 dpa revealed that while the “static” strength properties were practically unaffected by the increased dose, the dynamic softening at large deformations and the reduction of ductility at medium strain rate were enhanced.
Strain Aging and Neutron Scattering Studies on Irradiated PWR Pressure Vessel Steels
Authors: Little Edward A. 
Published: February 2018

The combined effects of strain aging and elevated temperature (275 to 290°C) neutron irradiation to doses up to 3.1 × 1019 n/cm2 (&gt;1 MeV) on the Charpy V-notch (Cv) impact properties of commercial A533-B/A508 pressure vessel steels have been investigated. Neutron irradiation suppresses Cv transition shifts associated with nitrogen strain aging, and it is inferred that free nitrogen in the steel is trapped by irradiation-induced point defects or defect clusters. The results imply that strain aging Cv transition shifts need not be regarded as additive to radiation embrittlement shifts in nuclear vessel safety assessments.
The technique of small-angle neutron scattering has been used to study the radiation hardening processes in copper and phosphorus-doped A533-B alloys. The presence of copper leads to the creation of scattering centers ≤1 nm in diameter by irradiation; the volume fraction of scattering centers increases with increasing copper level and is further enhanced by enrichment of bulk nickel content. Addition of 0.07% phosphorus induces radiation hardening and neutron scattering effects comparable with 0.35% copper.