bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Differences in Metabolic Activity of Melanoma Models on Response to Lonidamine plus Doxorubicin
Authors: Nath Kavindra , Roman Jeffrey , Nelson David S. , Guo Lili , Lee Seung-Cheol , Orlovskiy Stepan , Muriuki Kevin , Heitjan Daniel F. , Pickup Stephen , Leeper Dennis B. , Blair Ian A. , Putt Mary E. , Glickson Jerry D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLonidamine (LND), a metabolic modulator, sensitizes DB-1 human melanoma to doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy by acidifying and de-energizing the tumor. This report compares the effects of LND on two human melanoma lines, DB-1 and WM983B, which exhibit different metabolic properties. Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and Seahorse analysis, we show that DB-1 was more glycolytic than WM983B in vitro. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) indicates that LND (100 mg/kg, i.p.) induces similar selective acidification and de-energization of WM983B xenografts in immunosuppressed mice. Over three hours, intracellular pH (pHi) of WM983B decreased from 6.91 ± 0.03 to 6.59 ± 0.10 (p = 0.03), whereas extracellular pH (pHe) of this tumor changed from 7.03 ± 0.05 to 6.89 ± 0.06 (p = 0.19). A decline in bioenergetics (β-NTP/Pi) of 55 ± 5.0% (p = 0.03) accompanied the decline in pHi of WM983B. Using 1H MRS with a selective multiquantum pulse sequence and Hadamard localization, we show that LND induced a significant increase in tumor lactate levels (p < 0.01). LND pre-treatment followed by DOX (10 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a growth delay of 13.7 days in WM983B (p < 0.01 versus control), a growth delay significantly smaller than the 25.4 days that occurred with DB-1 (p = 0.03 versus WM983B). Differences in relative levels of glycolysis may produce differential therapeutic responses of DB-1 and WM983B melanomas.
A novel system-level approach using RNA-sequencing data identifies miR-30-5p and miR-142a-5p as key regulators of apoptosis in myocardial infarction
Authors: Kim Jin Ock , Park Jei Hyoung , Kim Taeyong , Hong Seong Eui , Lee Ji Young , Nho Kyoung Jin , Cho Chunghee , Kim Yong Sook , Kang Wan Seok , Ahn Youngkeun , Kim Do Han 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study identified microRNAs involved in myocardial infarction (MI) through a novel system-level approach using RNA sequencing data in an MI mouse model. This approach involved the extraction of DEGs and DEmiRs from RNA-seq data in sham and MI samples and the subsequent selection of two miRNAs: miR-30-5p (family) and miR-142a-5p, which were downregulated and upregulated in MI, respectively. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using the predicted targets of the two miRNAs suggested that apoptosis is an essential gene ontology (GO)-associated term. In vitro functional assays using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) demonstrated that miR-30-5p is anti-apoptotic and miR-142a-5p is pro-apoptotic. Luciferase assays showed that the apoptotic genes, Picalm and Skil, and the anti-apoptotic genes, Ghr and Kitl, are direct targets of miR-30-5p and miR-142a-5p, respectively. siRNA studies verified the results of the luciferase assays for target validation. The results of the system-level high throughput approach identified a pair of functionally antagonistic miRNAs and their targets in MI. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MI which could lead to the development of therapeutic tools. The system-level approach could be used to identify miRNAs involved in variety of other diseases.
Autophagy and Akt in the protective effect of erythropoietin helix B surface peptide against hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Tan Rumeng , Tian Hongzhe , Yang Bo , Zhang Bo , Dai Chen , Han Zhenyi , Wang Meixi , Li Yakun , Wei Lai , Chen Dong , Wang Guangyao , Yang Huifang , He Fan , Chen Zhishui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHelix B surface peptide (HBSP) is an erythropoietin (EPO)-derived peptide that protects tissue from the risks of elevated blood pressure and thrombosis. This study focused on the protection of HBSP in hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) by enhancing the level of autophagy. In detail, we randomly divided C57BL/6 mice into sham-operated, hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), I/R + HBSP, I/R + HBSP + 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor), I/R + HBSP + rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), and I/R + HBSP + Ly294002 (Akt inhibitor) groups. We assessed alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in mouse sera, and performed haematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, and western blotting on liver tissue to detect the degree of liver injury, liver apoptosis, autophagy, and the expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (Map1lc3, or LC3), Beclin 1, phospho-mTOR, mTOR, phospho-Akt (P-Akt), and Akt. HBSP relieved hepatic I/R injury in a concentration-independent manner. The expression of LC3II, LC3I, and Beclin 1, and the formation of autophagosomes, in the I/R + HBSP group were higher than those in the I/R group. The protective effects of HBSP were abolished by 3-methyladenine and, to a lesser extent, Ly294002, but enhanced by rapamycin. Furthermore, In vivo, HBSP also protected against hypoxia injury induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2) through improving the level of autophagy. Therefore, HBSP protected against hepatic I/R injury, mainly via regulating autophagy by targeting mTOR.
Bridging of membrane surfaces by annexin A2
Authors: Grill David , Matos Anna L. L. , de Vries Wilke C. , Kudruk Sergej , Heflik Milena , Dörner Wolfgang , Mootz Henning D. , Jan Ravoo Bart , Galla Hans-Joachim , Gerke Volker 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe protein-mediated formation of membrane contacts is a crucial event in many cellular processes ranging from the establishment of organelle contacts to the docking of vesicles to a target membrane. Annexins are Ca2+ regulated membrane-binding proteins implicated in providing such membrane contacts; however, the molecular basis of membrane bridging by annexins is not fully understood. We addressed this central question using annexin A2 (AnxA2) that functions in secretory vesicle exocytosis possibly by providing membrane bridges. By quantitatively analyzing membrane contact formation using a novel assay based on quartz crystal microbalance recordings, we show that monomeric AnxA2 can bridge membrane surfaces Ca2+ dependently. However, this activity depends on an oxidative crosslink involving a cysteine residue in the N-terminal domain and thus formation of disulfide-linked dimers. Alkylated AnxA2 in which this cysteine residue has been modified and AnxA2 mutants lacking the N-terminal domain are not capable of bridging membrane surfaces. In contrast, a heterotetrameric complex comprising two membrane binding AnxA2 subunits linked by a S100A10 dimer can provide membrane contacts irrespective of oxidation status. Thus, monomeric AnxA2 only contains one lipid binding site and AnxA2-mediated linking of membrane surfaces under non-oxidative intracellular conditions most likely requires AnxA2-S100 complex formation.
Drug screening of biopsy-derived spheroids using a self-generated microfluidic concentration gradient
Authors: Mulholland Theresa , McAllister Milly , Patek Samantha , Flint David , Underwood Mark , Sim Alexander , Edwards Joanne , Zagnoni Michele 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPerforming drug screening of tissue derived from cancer patient biopsies using physiologically relevant 3D tumour models presents challenges due to the limited amount of available cell material. Here, we present a microfluidic platform that enables drug screening of cancer cell-enriched multicellular spheroids derived from tumour biopsies, allowing extensive anticancer compound screening prior to treatment. This technology was validated using cell lines and then used to screen primary human prostate cancer cells, grown in 3D as a heterogeneous culture from biopsy-derived tissue. The technology enabled the formation of repeatable drug concentration gradients across an array of spheroids without external fluid actuation, delivering simultaneously a range of drug concentrations to multiple sized spheroids, as well as replicates for each concentration. As proof-of-concept screening, spheroids were generated from two patient biopsies and a panel of standard-of-care compounds for prostate cancer were tested. Brightfield and fluorescence images were analysed to provide readouts of spheroid growth and health, as well as drug efficacy over time. Overall, this technology could prove a useful tool for personalised medicine and future drug development, with the potential to provide cost- and time-reduction in the healthcare delivery.
Direct Photochemical C–H Carboxylation of Aromatic Diamines with CO2 under Electron-Donor- and Base-free Conditions
Authors: Matsumoto Takeshi , Uchijo Daiki , Koike Takuji , Namiki Ryoya , Chang Ho-Chol 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report the photochemical carboxylation of o-phenylenedimamine in the absence of a base and an electron donor under an atmosphere of CO2, which afforded 2,3-diaminobenzoic acid (DBA) in 28% synthetic yield and 0.22% quantum yield (Φ(%)). The synthetic yield of DBA in this reaction increased to 58% (Φ(%) = 0.47) in the presence of Fe(II). The photochemical reaction described in this work provides an effective strategy to use light as the driving force for the direct carboxylation of organic molecules by CO2.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Herbal Chitosan from Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Powder for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhu Li-Fang , Yao Zhi-Cheng , Ahmad Zeeshan , Li Jing-Song , Chang Ming-Wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChitosan is an extremely valuable biopolymer and is usually obtained as a byproduct from the shells of crustaceans. In the current work, chitosan is obtained from an herbal source (Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP)) for the first time. To show this, both standard (thermochemical deacetylation, (TCD)) and emerging (ultrasound-assisted deacetylation (USAD)) methods of chitosan preparation were used. The obtained chitosan was characterized by elemental analysis, XRD (X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and thermogravimetric measurements. The process resulted in chitosan possessing comparable values of DD, [η] and $$\,\overline{{\rm{Mv}}}$$

Mv

¯

to the commercial product. Chitosan obtained via both processes (TCD and USAD) displayed excellent biocompatibility; although the USAD prepared biopolymer exhibited significantly improved fibroblast (L929 cell) viability and enhanced antibacterial zones for both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The findings of new herbal chitosan mark key developments of natural biomaterials; marking a potential shift from conventional sea-based organisms.
Effects of structure and material of polluted insulators on the wetting characteristics
Authors: Yang Lin , Bi Jikai , Zhang Fei , Hao Yanpeng , Li Licheng , Liao Yifan , Zhang Fuzeng 
Published: September 2018

Umbrella‐type structure, the material of insulators and surface positions influence the wetting process of polluted insulator surfaces tremendously. Using a custom‐made phase‐angle‐difference (PAD) detection device, the PAD of the different positions of different polluted insulators is measured, and the PAD curves and partial pollution surface electrical conductivity γ20 varying with time are plotted. The results show that there is a certain difference in the wetting characteristics of different positions. The saturated wetting time of different positions of LXAY‐70 insulators is 12.5–15 min; that for LXHY5‐70 insulators is 12–25 min; that for XWP2‐70 insulators is 8–14 min; and that for FXBW‐10/70 insulators is 18–26.5 min. The umbrella‐type structure is shown to have a direct effect on the wetting process of polluted insulators. The complicated umbrella‐type structure, especially the existence of umbrella ribs, causes an uneven degree of wetting between the upper and lower surfaces, and leads to the increase of the difference in wetting state between the different positions. Furthermore, there is a certain difference in the wetting speed of insulators comprised of different materials. Hydrophilic porcelain and glass insulators are more easily wetted than composite insulators, even though the hydrophobicity class of composite insulators is 7.
Understanding the influence of ambience on thermal ageing of natural ester liquid
Authors: Thakur Soumya , Panigrahi Suraj Kumar , Mishra A.K. , Sarathi Ramanujam 
Published: September 2018

Ambience during thermal ageing of ester liquid has a high impact on corona inception voltage (CIV) under AC and DC voltages. The CIV is high with ester liquid thermally aged in nitrogen ambience and is the least with air aged. CIV is high under negative DC voltage followed by positive DC and AC voltages. CIV reduces with increase in harmonic voltage and the reduction is predominant with harmonic voltages with higher total harmonic distortions. Corona activity radiates ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) signal with its dominant frequency at 1 GHz. Phase‐resolved partial discharge analysis carried out using UHF signal indicates that corona discharges occur at the peak of the voltage waveform. The magnitude of discharges is less in thermally aged liquid but the number of discharges increases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicates the formation of carbonaceous particles with thermal ageing. Thermal ageing of ester liquid causes to form new chromophoric moieties causing red shift of absorption band in ultraviolet–visible spectra. Fluorescence spectroscopy traces the characteristic variations due to thermal ageing, which can be adopted for condition monitoring.
Development of ultrahigh‐voltage standard voltage transformer based on series voltage transformer structure
Authors: Feng Zhou , Chunyang Jiang , Min Lei , Fuchang Lin , Shihai Yang 
Published: September 2018

An ultrahigh‐voltage standard voltage transformer (VT) based on series voltage transformer (SVT) structure is described. A precise isolation VT is designed to realise the connection between the VTs of an SVT. Moreover, the ratio and errors of the SVT are discussed and calculated to reduce the magnetic error of the isolation VT, and capacitor compensation is proposed. Two calibration methods for the SVT are compared. The results are very approaching, and the largest differences between the two methods are <0.08 × 10−4 and 0.08 min. The results indicate that the errors of an SVT can be obtained by testing at only half the voltage of the SVT.
Effect of annealing atmosphere on the structural and optical properties of the Nb‐doped β‐Ga2O3 films
Authors: Zhang Hao , Deng Jin‐Xiang , Kong Le , Pan Zhiwei , Bai Zhiying , Wang Jiyou 
Published: September 2018

The Nb‐doped β‐Ga2O3 (β‐Ga2O3 :Nb) thin films have been deposited on the Si and quartz substrates by radio‐frequency magnetron technique in argon ambient. The effects of annealing atmosphere on the structural and optical properties of β‐Ga2O3 :Nb thin films have been investigated. The crystallinity of β‐Ga2O3 :Nb film is improved obviously after annealing. An increase in surface roughness is observed on annealed films. The bandgap from 5.19 to 5.26 eV is obtained after annealing in different atmosphere, which is larger than the 5.09 eV before annealing. Moreover, the red‐shift of photoluminescence emission peak is observed after annealing, and the annealing atmosphere has an influence on the peak intensity.
Electrostatic‐driven self‐assembled silica aerogel/tethacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride/PMMA ternary nanocomposite with thermal insulation phase interfaces
Authors: Li Hongyan , Song Limeng , Fu Yongqiang , Sun Cong , Li Ruyi , Yang Aiwu , Liu Hongli 
Published: September 2018

A three‐dimensional (3D) porous silica aerogel (SA)/tethacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (MTC)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (SMP) ternary nanocomposite was fabricated through electrostatic‐driven self‐assembly by in situ polymerisation. The as‐prepared products were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential (ZETA), multi‐assay gel permeation chromatography, the synchronous thermal analyser (TG), differential scanning calorimetry and so on. The results show that the ternary hybrid aerogels have an interconnected 3D nanoporous structure with a diameter of about 20–40 nm. Furthermore, positively charged MTC was successfully absorbed on the negatively charged SiO2 aerogels surface to form high‐thermal insulation phase interfaces. The SMP hybrid aerogels revealed a favourable mechanical property and an excellent thermal insulation property. Overall, the present study introduces the static electrical phase interfaces that are physical interactions between the silica phase and the polymer phase to distinctly improve the thermal insulation property of SiO2‐based aerogels, which could become a promising insulating material for broadening applications.
Facile fabrication of TiO2@TiO2 transparent free‐standing film for photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Shanmei , Hu Yue , Hu Luyang , Zhang Yumin , Zhou Yufeng , Li Benxia 
Published: September 2018

A transparent titanium dioxide (TiO2)@TiO2 film with free‐standing structure was synthesised by employing a cellulose paper as the template. By one‐step hydrothermal method and subsequent thermal annealing, the fibre of cellulose paper was changed into porous TiO2 core layer. The flower‐like micro/nanostructure TiO2 particle layer was intimately distributed on the porous TiO2 core layer. The average diameter of the TiO2@TiO2 fibre for the film was 11 μm. The size of spherical granular TiO2 on the fibre surface was around 330 ± 130 nm. It was noted that the microtopography of fibre surface could be adjusted by tuning the hydrothermal temperature. The scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption measurement results indicated that the prepared film possessed a large mass of mesopores and macropores. On the basis of the special microstructure, the TiO2@TiO2 film exhibited high photocatalytic activity for methylene blue under ultraviolet irradiation. This work might provide a new insight for preparation of transparent photocatalytic film toward water purification.
Mesoporous MnO/C composite synthesised from the precursor of Mn3 (C6H5O7)2 and the application in Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Shanshan Bao , Junfeng Li , Yang Gao , Ping Li , Bo Yue , Yanjun Li , Wenxian Sun , Xuefei Lai 
Published: September 2018

A facile and scalable route for the in‐situ synthesis of porous MnO/C nanocomposite by annealing Mn3 (C6H5O7)2 precursor has been developed. MnO particles were encapsulated inside the carbon matrix to form a skeletal architecture. Such a mesoporous structure provided more active sites and effective channels for Li+ and electrolyte, and act as the supporting structure for MnO particles during the cycling process. As an anode material for lithium ion batteries, the porous MnO/C composite had a specific capacity of 831.7 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and delivered a stable cycling capacity of 564.1 mAh g−1 after 59 cycles, indicating that the porous MnO/C nanocomposite could significantly improve the structural stability and might be a suitable electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs
Authors: Díez Alonso E. , Caballero J. A. , Montes D. , de Cos Juez F. J. , Dreizler S. , Dubois F. , Jeffers S. V. , Lalitha S. , Naves R. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Vanaverbeke S. , Amado P. J. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Herrero E. , Hidalgo D. , Kürster M. , Logie L. , Quirrenbach A. , Rau S. , Seifert W. , Schöfer P. , Tal-Or L. 
Published: September 2018

Aims. The main goal of this work is to measure rotation periods of the M-type dwarf stars being observed by the CARMENES exoplanet survey to help distinguish radial-velocity signals produced by magnetic activity from those produced by exoplanets. Rotation periods are also fundamental for a detailed study of the relation between activity and rotation in late-type stars.
Methods. We look for significant periodic signals in 622 photometric time series of 337 bright, nearby M dwarfs obtained by long-time baseline, automated surveys (MEarth, ASAS, SuperWASP, NSVS, Catalina, ASAS-SN, K2, and HATNet) and for 20 stars which we obtained with four 0.2–0.8 m telescopes at high geographical latitudes.
Results. We present 142 rotation periods (73 new) from 0.12 d to 133 d and ten long-term activity cycles (six new) from 3.0 a to 11.5 a. We compare our determinations with those in the existing literature; we investigate the distribution of Prot in the CARMENES input catalogue, the amplitude of photometric variability, and their relation to v sini and pEW(Hα); and we identify three very active stars with new rotation periods between 0.34 d and 23.6 d.
Metallicity effect and planet mass function in pebble-based planet formation models
Authors: Brügger N. , Alibert Y. , Ataiee S. , Benz W. 
Published: September 2018

Context. One of the main scenarios of planet formation is the core accretion model where a massive core forms first and then accretes a gaseous envelope. This core forms by accreting solids, either planetesimals or pebbles. A key constraint in this model is that the accretion of gas must proceed before the dissipation of the gas disc. Classical planetesimal accretion scenarios predict that the time needed to form a giant planet’s core is much longer than the time needed to dissipate the disc. This difficulty led to the development of another accretion scenario, in which cores grow by accretion of pebbles, which are much smaller and thus more easily accreted, leading to more rapid formation.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to compare our updated pebble-based planet formation model with observations, in particular the well-studied metallicity effect.
Methods. We adopt the Bitsch et al. (2015a, A&A, 575, A28) disc model and the Bitsch et al. (2015b, A&A, 582, A112) pebble model and use a population synthesis approach to compare the formed planets with observations.
Results. We find that keeping the same parameters as in Bitsch et al. (2015b, A&A, 582, A112) leads to no planet growth due to a computation mistake in the pebble flux (2018b). Indeed a large fraction of the heavy elements should be put into pebbles (Zpeb∕Ztot = 0.9) in order to form massive planets using this approach. The resulting mass functions show a huge amount of giants and a lack of Neptune-mass planets, which are abundant according to observations. To overcome this issue we include the computation of the internal structure for the planetary atmosphere in our model. This leads to the formation of Neptune-mass planets but no observable giants. Furthermore, reducing the opacity of the planetary envelope more closely matches observations.
Conclusions. We conclude that modelling the internal structure for the planetary atmosphere is necessary to reproduce observations.