bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Incubation, Fixation Stimuli, and Working Memory Capacity on Design Fixation
Authors: Brundage Amanda , Soria Zurita Nicolás F. , Starkey Elizabeth , Menold Jessica , Jablokow Kathryn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper examines design fixation in engineering classrooms, particularly focusing on the impact of incubation, fixation stimuli, and individual working memory capacity.146 first year engineering design students completed a presented design challenge under different experimental conditions. Their sketched solutions were evaluated using established fixation metrics. The results suggest no correlation between students’ working memory capacity and the percentage of example features integrated into their solutions. Results indicate that when students are presented with only a negative example, fixation levels are influenced by the length of the incubation period. Based on these results, instructors can be advised to present negative examples to students 96 hours before ideation to mitigate the inclusion of excessive negative example features. Furthermore, results show a significant increase in fixation on features present in positive examples, suggesting that instructors should be aware of presenting both positive and negative examples to their students if they want to avoid design fixation.
Effects of High Frequency Horizontal Base Excitation on a Bistable System
Authors: Ghoshal Pritam , Gibert James M. , Bajaj Anil K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High frequency excitation (HFE) is known to induce various nontrivial effects, such as system stiffening, biasing, and the smoothing of discontinuities in dynamical systems. These effects become increasingly pertinent in multi-stable systems, where the system’s bias towards a certain equilibrium state can depend heavily on the combination of forcing parameters, leading to stability in some scenarios and instability in others. In this initial investigation, our objective is to pinpoint the specific parameter ranges in which the bistable system demonstrates typical HFE effects, both through numerical simulations and experimental observations. To accomplish this, we utilize the method of multiple scales to analyze the interplay among different time scales. The equation of slow dynamics reveals how the excitation parameters lead to a change in stability of equilibrium points. Additionally, we delineate the parameter ranges where stabilizing previously unstable equilibrium configurations is achievable. We demonstrate the typical positional biasing effect of high-frequency excitation that leads to a shift in the equilibrium points as the excitation parameter is varied. This kind of excitation can enable the active shaping of potential wells. Finally, we qualitatively validate our numerical findings through experimental testing using a simplistic model made with LEGOs.
Intuitive Physics-Driven Approach: Design and Calibration of a Flight Controller for Indoor Blimps
Authors: Salas Gordoniz Jorge Esteban , Saad Maarouf , St-Onge David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research addresses the challenges of defining and tuning a flight controller for uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), mainly, a lighter-than-air vehicle, like a blimp; a task often fraught with complexity for UAV designers. These challenges typically involve several iterations in both simulation and real-world settings that require the identification of the dynamic model. In this paper, we introduce a novel, but simple approach that harnesses intuitive physics principles to streamline the process of tuning and to ensure the safeness and robust path tracking for indoor blimps. Our method involves a threefold strategy: 1. A basic control rooted in Sliding Mode Control (SMC) with a saturation term that permits to achieve the motion in the three axes (X, Y and Z), while defining maximum cruising speeds and maximum desired control forces; used to complete the operation of path tracking and hovering. 2. A recursive simple moving average (SMA) term for the applied control forces is incorporated to the previous strategy to minimize steady-state error in real-time for altitude control, which can compensate for changes in the weight of the blimp. 3. A swing stabilizer mechanism designed to dampen oscillations around naturally occurred pitch and roll angles for enhanced stability. Experimental results validate the efficacy and simplicity of our approach, demonstrating robustness, rapid deployment and good path accuracy.
Real-Time State Estimation of Hydraulically-Driven Systems Based on Unscented Kalman Filter and Low-Fidelity Models
Authors: Khadim Qasim , Pyrhönen Lauri , Kurvinen Emil , Gerstmayr Johannes , Mikkola Aki , Orzechowski Grzegorz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The algorithms identifying machine health and predicting maintenance needs require accurate information about the machine’s state. Because of the great amount of collected data and limited data buffering and data transfer capabilities in many hydraulic machinery applications, the data should be processed in real time. The real-time requirement demands computationally efficient simulation models, while the self-correcting nature of estimation algorithms allows models with lower precision to be used.
The study combines the novel low-fidelity surrogate models with an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for the real-time state estimation of the coupled mechanical systems. The surrogate-assisted modeling approach reduces the model complexity and improves computational efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. A hydraulic forestry crane case study is investigated, and the computational efficiency and numerical accuracy of the developed observers are evaluated. The encoder measurements are provided by the high-fidelity model. The high-fidelity model introduces imperfections in the form of the frictional forces in the hydraulic cylinders, which induce approximately 2 % error in actuated force. The case study results demonstrate that the surrogate-based state observer delivers estimations within the real-time computational range. It shows a maximum accuracy deviation of 7.31 % for unmeasured states compared to the high-fidelity model-based observer.
Operational Modal Analysis of a Rotating Structure Using a Novel Image-Based Long-Range Continuously Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer
Authors: Lyu Linfeng , Zhu Weidong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A novel image-based long-range continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) is developed to measure vibration of a rotating structure with a complex background. The image-based long-range tracking CSLDV can track and scan the rotating structure by processing its images captured by a camera in the image-based long-range tracking CSLDV. A novel image processing method with a background averaging technique is developed to extract the rotating structure from the background in captured images and determine its location. A one-dimensional scan scheme is used to scan along a straight line along the rotating structure. An improved demodulation method is used to process measurements of the image-based long-range tracking CSLDV to estimate modal parameters of the rotating structure, including damped natural frequencies and undamped mode shapes. Experiments of tracking and scanning a rotating blade are conducted to validate vibration measurement of a rotating blade using the image-based long-range tracking CSLDV. Measured responses of the rotating blade are processed to estimate its speeds and modal parameters. First three one-dimensional damped natural frequencies of the rotating blade and undamped mode shapes along its middle line are successful estimated and compared with results from the finite element model of the corresponding stationary blade.
Structural Design Vs Manufacturability Costs of Complex Stamped Components
Authors: Alawadhi Ibraheem , Ramnath Satchit , Bolar Abhishek , Fu Yilin , Shah Jami J. , Zurbrugg Nathan , Detwiler Duane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a study of tradeoffs between design and manufacturing cost objectives for complex sheet metal stamped components, taking into account both topological (shape) and size variants of geometric features. The study artifact is the support frame of automotive hoods for a given outer skin. Traditional optimization methods, such as Design of Experiments (DOE)/Response Surface Optimization (RSO), mathematical algorithms, and Genetic Algorithms (GA), are not suitable because different feature shapes cannot be described by a given set of uniform design variables. A large data set of shape and size variants for automotive hood frames was curated for the study. Work has already been completed on generating geometric data sets and evaluating their structural design objectives. In this paper, we focus on manufacturing cost as a metric for manufacturability. We look at both the material and process costs, the latter determined indirectly via press loads for trimming and drawing operations, to find the press loads associated with manufacturing processes used to produce the hood designs already available in the 10k hood dataset. A 10% sampling was used in the stamping simulation from which response surfaces were created to use in completing manufacturability responses on (almost) all 10,000 designs in the data set. The manufacturing costs data curated from this research can provide designers insights into manufacturing costs during the design phases.
Semi-Automated Mining of Customer Reviews to Identify Design Problems of Cantilever-Style Bassinets
Authors: Singhose William , Adams Christopher , Martinez Rebecca , Rana Anjnee , Kim Dooroo , Li Wayne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Customer reviews posted online provide a massive dataset that can identify product defects. Locating informative reviews of a specific product is straightforward. However, it can be challenging to extract information that informs product designers of potential defects and drives useful testing to investigate the potential defect. Such data extraction can be manually performed in a reliable and effective manner by skilled engineers. However, such an approach can be time-consuming and expensive. On the other hand, completely automated data extraction would likely yield generic results that are not particularly useful. This paper describes a semi-automated process wherein researchers develop an informed search algorithm that is based on an initial engineering assessment of a product that identifies potential design problems and words sets that are associated with the potential defects. An automated search process then operates on the review database to greatly streamline the data analysis process. The product reviews that indicate product defects are grouped together and associated with design features. The design features that are linked to the largest classes of complaints are then rigorously tested to evaluate the credibility and accuracy of the online complaints. The process is illustrated via a case study and testing of a cantilever-style bassinet.
Design and Testing of a 1 MW 800V Truck Testbed for High Performance Applications
Authors: Bucknor Norman , Patil Chinmaya , Raghavan Madhu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present an overview of a 1 Megawatt 800V truck testbed that we created to study extreme acceleration, fast-charging and adjacent applications such as eVTOL propulsion. The system architecture details are presented along with the sub-system specifications. In order to get practical hands-on learnings as well as to demonstrate the operation of such high-powered systems, we designed and fabricated an 800V battery pack comprised of high-power cells. This battery pack was integrated into a 2019 Chevrolet Silverado truck to study “extreme” high power operation and the associated thermal management challenges.
Digital Twin Simulation of the Automotive Body in White Dispensed Bead Quality Validation and Inspection Process
Authors: Lekarczyk Liz , Ahmad Malik Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Standard joining techniques such as adhesive, sealer, and mastic dispensing play a vital role in automotive Body in White manufacturing processes. Traditionally, validation involves verifying dispensed bead placement and presence, relying on human inspectors who utilize camera and closed circuit TV (CCTV) systems for quality confirmation. Equipment validation involves assessing camera quantity and placement, typically determined post-installation through the “camera field of view” placement method. Unfortunately, this approach has led to purchasing excessive or sometimes unnecessary equipment, contributing to elevated launch costs. This publication introduces a Digital Twin approach for predicting the quantity and field of view of passive vision cameras used in dispensed bead applications. The method employs simulation to validate the process before actual integration. Additionally, the placement of beads undergoes validation through Virtual Reality simulation, enhancing training for quality inspectors and thereby increasing the number of inspections achievable per shift. The use of Digital Twin and Virtual Reality modeling also results in improved development time for quality inspection documentation, a task typically handled by Quality Engineers. The proposed procedure has demonstrated noticeable reductions in costs, inspection documentation development time, and an enhancement in quality validation procedures. Ongoing research aims to explore the impact of increased inspection frequency within manufacturing facilities, with a specific focus on the implications for reprocessing time.
Towards Real-Time Validation of Rail-Guided Shuttles: A Multibody Modelling and Digital Twin Approach
Authors: Nezzi Chiara , De Marchi Matteo , Vidoni Renato , Rauch Erwin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the world of multibody dynamics, models describing the behavior of rail-guided vehicle systems usually start from characterizing the body adhesion to a predetermined path, on which the body keeps a specified orientation associated with the spatial track curve. This is also the case of the rail-guided shuttles addressed by this work, which move along a planar path built by a small-size transfer line in a laboratory environment. Firstly, the multibody model of the shuttles to ensure their prescribed motion constraint along the path is described. Secondly, a physics-based 3D simulation software is exploited for the simulation of the shuttles’ kinematics and dynamics in the virtual world. Lastly, the validation and real-time synchronization with the physical system are done via REST API communication. Empirical results of shuttles’ travelling times between the workstations along the path are collected both in the real and simulated system. Results are then compared to test and validate the simulation accuracy. Insights and considerations regarding the role of Digital Twin in the system are also given. In conclusion, possible future improvements are provided.
Kinematic and Curvature Analysis of the McPherson Eight-Bar Suspension System
Authors: Lanni Chiara , Figliolini Giorgio , Tomassi Luciano 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with the kinematic and curvature analysis of the McPherson eight-bar suspension system that is developed by referring to a suitable planar car model, where both front wheels are supposed as rotating about their fixed revolute joints. In particular, the position analysis of the eight-bar mechanism, with an internal six-bar loop, is formulated to analyze the chassis roll motion by devoting particular attention to the roll center and its fixed and moving centrodes. Consequently, the curvature analysis is also carried out by using the Euler-Savary equation and the inflection circle, in order to determine the center of curvature of the mass center trajectory for the chassis roll motion. Finally, the proposed formulation has been implemented in a Matlab program and several examples allowed its validation in different mechanism configurations.
Tooth Contact Analysis of Spur and Helical Gears in Case of Shafts Deflections
Authors: Cazan Stelian , Creţu Spiridon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper presents semi-analytical methods (SAMs) for determination of pressures distributions on the flank surfaces of spur and helical gears with both pinion and gear shafts deformed. In case of spur gear pair, a nonstandard gear pair was chosen. It is well known that the curvature of the tooth profile decreases when a negative correction of the gears is made, this thing leading to higher contact pressures and a decrease of durability. The SAMs starts from Hartnett’s approach based on Boussinesq equation from half-space theory of linear elasticity, which means implicitly an infinite width of gear’s flank. To simulate the more realistic quarter-space conditions, a correction based on virtual mirror pressures is introduced in the computational algorithm. For spur gears, the elements of the matrix of separations are obtained using analytical equations derived from involute properties while a methodology dedicated to helical gears was developed. The pressures distributions obtained with worked up SAMs have been validated by comparisons with results obtained by neutral research by using FEM or a dedicated SAM. The present paper took into consideration both deflections of pinion and gear’s shaft, so that a more realistic pressures distribution is obtained. The contact surfaces are considered smooth surfaces and the contact between mating surfaces is considered as dry contact.
Comparative Analysis of Real-Time and Simulated Monitoring Techniques for MIG Welding
Authors: Salazar Carlos D. , Longoria Raul G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study introduces two methodologies designed to monitor welding procedures, furnish feedback to users, and thereby refine the welding technique of novice welders. The first method introduces a low-cost welding simulator utilizing augmented reality (AR) technology. This simulator provides real-time visual feedback on essential welding parameters such as the contact tip to work distance (CTWD), work angle, travel angle, displacement, and travel speed. The second approach involves a welding sensor unit (WSU) attached to the actual welding torch, enabling monitoring and analysis of welding parameters in a real welding environment. Experimental verification of both methods demonstrates their effectiveness and accuracy. The simulator accurately replicates human performance within the real welding environment, enabling real-time visual feedback to enhance welding techniques. The WSU, equipped with economical sensors, is feasible for monitoring real-world welding scenarios. These methodologies have diverse applications, including welder training, quality control, and the generation of synthetic data for research and industrial purposes. An investigation into the influence of welding parameters on weld bead formation underscores the critical role these parameters play in shaping both the geometry and quality of welds. Through careful analysis, it becomes evident that factors such as Contact Tip to Work Distance (CTWD), travel speed, and working angles significantly impact the appearance and integrity of weld beads.
Enhancing Efficiency of Human Pickers in Strawberry Harvesting With Quadruped Robots
Authors: Chen Yiyu , Chen Shengqiang , Zhang Xiaopan , Racano Dario , Vougioukas Stavros G. , Nguyen Quan , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present a step toward boosting human picker efficiency in strawberry harvesting using quadruped robots. Transitioning from manual to automated harvesting in the fruit industry, especially for fresh-market strawberries, remains a challenge due to the delicate nature of the fruit and unique field layouts. A notable inefficiency in manual harvesting is the time human pickers spend transporting filled trays to collection stations. Quadruped robots, renowned for their adaptability in challenging terrains, emerge as promising candidates for mobile crop transportation. Extending the foundational concepts from previous work, we introduce quadruped robots as auxiliary support units specifically tailored to boost human picker efficiency. Such legged platforms have demonstrated their mobility in agricultural scenarios. The robots can traverse various agricultural terrains, including rugged and muddy furrows in the field and main irrigation lines at the headland. Beyond advancements in transportation robot hardware, our system introduces a novel predictive scheduling algorithm, aiming to enhance harvesting efficiency. Specifically, this algorithm is engineered for real-time replanning, to account for unpredictable picker behaviors. Our empirical results show that the integration of quadruped robots leads to 15% decrease in total makespan of the task and a 72% decrease in non-picking time, compared to traditional manual methods.
Characterization of Tool-Specimen Interaction in Non-Repetitive Mechanical Micro-Drilling Tasks Performed by Collaborative Robot Manipulators
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Dong Siqin , Kaipa Krishnanand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mechanical micro-drilling finds widespread use in diverse applications ranging from advanced manufacturing to medical surgery. Our work is focused on developing methods enabling robots to perform non-repetitive micro-drilling tasks effectively. Achieving this goal encounters many challenges. Even small variations in drill process parameters cause the micro-drills to break frequently. In this paper, an experimental approach is proposed to conduct a systematic characterization of the interactions between the micro-drill tool and the specimen, which is crucial to understanding the underlying processes and developing effective methods of robotic micro-drilling. Specifically, we carry out an experimental investigation of the relationship between drill feed-rate and reaction forces experienced by the micro-drill as it contacts and penetrates the specimen. The Sawyer and KUKA collaborative robots were used as the test beds during experimental validation as they were found to be suitable candidates for implementing the micro-drilling strategies proposed in this work. The Photron Fastcam Nova S6 high-speed camera was used for video-based observation of microdrilling, revealing the temporal details of interaction between the microdrill tool and the specimen, with a high time-resolution of a few microseconds to milliseconds between successive frames. The experimental results consisted of characterization studies that involved the execution of several micro-drill plans and analyzing the drill tool-surface interactions. In particular, graphs of temporal and spatial variations of feedrate and reaction forces were obtained and used to identify and characterize different stages — approach, touchdown, penetration, drill-through, coming-to-a-halt, and retraction — of each executed micro-drill plan. A regression analysis revealed a relationship between feed rate and reaction forces involved in the micro-drilling process that matched the underlying mathematical model of the tool-specimen interactions. Experimental results show that the Sawyer and KUKA robots can use the developed strategies to drill micro-holes of diameters up to a minimum of 0.6 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively.