bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Hippocampal Ripples is Associated with Activity Suppression in the Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Logothetis Nikos K. , Eschenko Oxana 
Published: November 2018

Forming reliable memories requires coordinated activity within distributed brain networks. At present, neural mechanisms underlying systems-level consolidation of declarative memory beyond the hippocampal–prefrontal interactions remain largely unexplored. The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) is reciprocally connected with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and also receives inputs from parahippocampal regions. The MD may thus modulate functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the mPFC at different stages of information processing. Here, we characterized, in freely behaving Sprague Dawley male rats, the MD neural activity around hippocampal ripples, indicators of memory replay and hippocampal–cortical information transfer. Overall, the MD firing rate was transiently (0.76 ± 0.06 s) decreased around ripples, with the MD activity suppression preceding the ripple onset for 0.41 ± 0.04 s (range, 0.01–0.95 s). The degree of MD modulation correlated with ripple amplitude, differed across behavioral states, and also depended on the dynamics of hippocampal–cortical population activity. The MD suppression was the strongest and the most consistent during awake ripples. During non–rapid eye movement sleep, MD firing rate decreased around spindle-uncoupled ripples, but increased around spindle-coupled ripples. Our results suggest a competitive interaction between the thalamocortical and hippocampal–cortical networks supporting “on-line” and “off-line” information processing, respectively. We hypothesize that thalamic activity suppression during spindle-uncoupled ripples is favorable for memory replay, as it reduces interference from sensory relay. In turn, the thalamic input during hippocampal–cortical communication, as indicated by spindle/ripple coupling, may contribute to selectivity and reliability of information transfer. Both predictions need to be tested in future experiments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSystems mechanisms of declarative memory consolidation beyond the hippocampal–prefrontal interactions remain largely unexplored. The connectivity of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) with extrahippocampal regions and with medial prefrontal cortex underlies its role in execution of diverse cognitive functions. However, little is known about the MD involvement in “off-line” consolidation. We found that MD neural activity was transiently suppressed around hippocampal ripples, except for ripples co-occurring with sleep spindles, when the MD activity was elevated. The thalamic activity suppression at times of spindle-uncoupled ripples may be favorable for memory replay, as it reduces interference with sensory relay. In turn, the thalamic input during hippocampal–cortical communication, as indicated by spindle/ripple coupling, may contribute to selectivity and reliability of information transfer.
Resilience to Pain: A Peripheral Component Identified Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Dynamic Clamp
Authors: Mis Malgorzata A. , Yang Yang , Tanaka Brian S. , Gomis-Perez Carolina , Liu Shujun , Dib-Hajj Fadia , Adi Talia , Garcia-Milian Rolando , Schulman Betsy R. , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D. , Waxman Stephen G. 
Published: November 2018

Pain is a complex process that involves both detection in the peripheral nervous system and perception in the CNS. Individual-to-individual differences in pain are well documented, but not well understood. Here we capitalized on inherited erythromelalgia (IEM), a well characterized human genetic model of chronic pain, and studied a unique family containing related IEM subjects with the same disease-causing NaV1.7 mutation, which is known to make dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons hyperexcitable, but different pain profiles (affected son with severe pain, affected mother with moderate pain, and an unaffected father). We show, first, that, at least in some cases, relative sensitivity to pain can be modeled in subject-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neuronsin vitro; second, that, in some cases, mechanisms operating in peripheral sensory neurons contribute to interindividual differences in pain; and third, using whole exome sequencing (WES) and dynamic clamp, we show that it is possible to pinpoint a specific variant of another gene,KCNQin this particular kindred, that modulates the excitability of iPSC-derived sensory neurons in this family. While different gene variants may modulate DRG neuron excitability and thereby contribute to interindividual differences in pain in other families, this study shows that subject-specific iPSCs can be used to model interindividual differences in pain. We further provide proof-of-principle that iPSCs, WES, and dynamic clamp can be used to investigate peripheral mechanisms and pinpoint specific gene variants that modulate pain signaling and contribute to interindividual differences in pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIndividual-to-individual differences in pain are well documented, but not well understood. In this study, we show, first, that, at least in some cases, relative sensitivity to pain can be modeled in subject-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neuronsin vitro; second, that, in some cases, mechanisms operating in peripheral sensory neurons contribute to interindividual differences in pain; and third, using whole exome sequencing and dynamic clamp, we show that it is possible to pinpoint a specific gene variant that modulates pain signaling and contributes to interindividual differences in pain.
Association of mGluR-Dependent LTD of Excitatory Synapses with Endocannabinoid-Dependent LTD of Inhibitory Synapses Leads to EPSP to Spike Potentiation in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Kim Hye-Hyun , Park Joo Min , Lee Suk-Ho , Ho Won-Kyung 
Published: November 2018

The input-output relationships in neural circuits are determined not only by synaptic efficacy but also by neuronal excitability. Activity-dependent alterations of synaptic efficacy have been extensively investigated, but relatively less is known about how the neuronal output is modulated when synaptic efficacy changes are associated with neuronal excitability changes. In this study, we demonstrate that paired pulses of low-frequency stimulation (PP-LFS) induced metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent LTD at Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses in Sprague Dawley rats (both sexes), and this LTD was associated with EPSP to spike (E-S) potentiation, leading to the increase in action potential (AP) outputs. Threshold voltage (Vth) for APs evoked by synaptic stimulation and that by somatic current injection were hyperpolarized significantly after PP-LFS. Blockers of GABA receptors mimicked and occluded PP-LFS effects on E-S potentiation and Vthhyperpolarization, suggesting that suppression of GABAergic mechanisms is involved in E-S potentiation after PP-LFS. Indeed, IPSCs and tonic inhibitory currents were reduced after PP-LFS. The IPSC reduction was accompanied by increased paired-pulse ratio, and abolished by AM251, a blocker for Type 1 cannabinoid receptors, suggesting that PP-LFS suppresses presynaptic GABA release by mGluR-dependent endocannabinoids signaling. By contrast, a Group 1 mGluR agonist, 3, 5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, induced LTD at SC-CA1 synapses but failed to induce significant IPSC reduction and AP output increase. We propose that mGluR signaling that induces LTD coexpression at excitatory and inhibitory synapses regulates an excitation-inhibition balance to increase neuronal output in CA1 neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity are usually associated with excitability changes, the ability to fire action potentials. However, excitability changes have been regarded to play subsidiary roles to synaptic plasticity in modifying neuronal output. We demonstrate that, when metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent LTD is induced by paired pulses of low-frequency stimulation, the action potential output in response to a given input paradoxically increases, indicating that increased excitability is more powerful than synaptic depression. This increase is mediated by the suppression of a presynaptic GABA release via metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent endocannabinoid signaling. Our study shows that neuronal output changes do not always follow the direction of synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, highlighting the importance of regulating inhibitory tone via endocannabinoid signaling.
Local PCA Shows How the Effect of Population Structure Differs Along the Genome
Authors: Li Han , Ralph Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is often used to describe overall population structure—patterns of relatedness arising from past demographic history—among a set of genomes. Here, Li and Ralph describe how the patterns uncovered by....Population structure leads to systematic patterns in measures of mean relatedness between individuals in large genomic data sets, which are often discovered and visualized using dimension reduction techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA). Mean relatedness is an average of the relationships across locus-specific genealogical trees, which can be strongly affected on intermediate genomic scales by linked selection and other factors. We show how to use local PCA to describe this intermediate-scale heterogeneity in patterns of relatedness, and apply the method to genomic data from three species, finding in each that the effect of population structure can vary substantially across only a few megabases. In a global human data set, localized heterogeneity is likely explained by polymorphic chromosomal inversions. In a range-wide data set of Medicago truncatula, factors that produce heterogeneity are shared between chromosomes, correlate with local gene density, and may be caused by linked selection, such as background selection or local adaptation. In a data set of primarily African Drosophila melanogaster, large-scale heterogeneity across each chromosome arm is explained by known chromosomal inversions thought to be under recent selection and, after removing samples carrying inversions, remaining heterogeneity is correlated with recombination rate and gene density, again suggesting a role for linked selection. The visualization method provides a flexible new way to discover biological drivers of genetic variation, and its application to data highlights the strong effects that linked selection and chromosomal inversions can have on observed patterns of genetic variation.
Maximal and minimal iterative positive solutions for singular infinite-point p-Laplacian fractional differential equations
Authors: Guo Limin , Liu Lishan 
Published: November 2018

The existence of maximal and minimal positive solutions for singular infinite-point p-Laplacian fractional differential equation is investigated in this paper. Green's function is derived, and some properties of Green's function are obtained. Based upon these properties of Green's function, the existence of maximal and minimal positive solutions is obtained, and iterative schemes are established for approximating the maximal and minimal positive solutions.
Hilfer-type fractional differential switched inclusions with noninstantaneous impulsive and nonlocal conditions
Authors: Wang JinRong , Ibrahim Ahmed Gamal Gamal , O’Regan Donal 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we study a new class of nonlocal problems for noninstantaneous impulsive Hilfer-type fractional differential switched inclusions in Banach spaces. First, we introduce a mild solution formula for this noninstantaneous impulsive inclusion problem. Second, we show the existence of mild solutions using the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness on the space of piecewise weighted continuous functions. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the theory.
Investigation of combined ultrasound and microwave pretreatments and enzyme addition on the main phenolics and some quality parameters of olive oil
Authors: Acar A. , Arslan D. 
Published: November 2018

Olive oil was obtained by applying laboratory scale microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) technologies and enzymes (E) after olive crushing and malaxation. The effects of these technologies on some physical and chemical properties of olive oil have been examined with focus on phenolics in olive oil. The aim was to evaluate the combined effect of MW and US applications and E to olive paste by comparing with conventional production.
The secoiridoids were present with lower values in US applied samples; as an example, the amount of 3-4-DHPEA-EDA in US treated sample was 59.36 mg kg–1 oil, whereas its amount was 92.36 mg kg–1 in the sample of conventional extraction. US resulted in the highest decrease (62%), and MW+US condition resulted in the lowest decrease (25.7%) in terms of total phenolics content. The US and MW pretreatments resulted in more advantageous properties in terms of free acidity, peroxides, and phenolics when applied together than their single applications.
Association of Modified-FOLFIRINOX-Regimen-Based Neoadjuvant Therapy with Outcomes of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer in Chinese Population
Authors: Li Xiang , Guo Chengxiang , Li Qinghai , Wei Shumei , Zhang Qi , Chen Yiwen , Shen Yinan , Ma Tao , Li Guogang , Gao Shunliang , Que Risheng , Lou Jianying , Yu Risheng , Yuan Ying , Wei Qichun , Huang Pintong , Liang Tingbo , Bai Xueli 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Modification of FOLFIRINOX significantly improves safety and tolerability in Chinese patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer benefit from neoadjuvant therapy and experience a much better survival than patients with upfront surgery.

Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of modified-FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) regimens in Chinese patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and to compare outcomes between patients with LAPC treated with mFOLFIRINOX-based neoadjuvant therapy (LAPC-N) and patients with LAPC who underwent upfront surgery (LAPC-S).

Methods
Forty-one patients with LAPC-N were enrolled prospectively. Imaging features, chemotherapy response, adverse events, perioperative complications, histology, and survival were analyzed. Seventy-four patients with resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) (from April 2012 to November 2017) and 19 patients with LAPC-S (from April 2012 to March 2014) were set as observational cohorts, and data were collected retrospectively. LAPC-N patients with adequate response underwent surgical treatment, whereas continuous chemotherapy was given to LAPC-N patients who were not deemed resectable after treatment, and the response was re-evaluated every 2 months.

Results
Forty-one patients with LAPC received mFOLFIRINOX with a response rate of 37.1%. The most common severe adverse events were neutropenia and anemia. mFOLFIRINOX-based neoadjuvant therapy contributed to a remarkable decrease in CA19-9 level and tumor diameter. Fourteen LAPC-N patients underwent surgery (LAPC-N-S) after downstaging. Compared with LAPC-N-S cases, LAPC-S patients had longer operative time, more blood loss, and a higher risk of grade 5 complications. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of LAPC-N-S patients were 27.7 months and 19.3 months, respectively, which were similar to those of patients with RPC (30.0 months and 23.0 months) and much longer than those of patients with LAPC-S (8.9 months and 7.6 months), respectively.

Conclusion
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy such as the mFOLFIRINOX regimen can be recommended for Chinese patients with LAPC after dose modification. Patients with LAPC-N who underwent surgery obtained significantly improved survival compared with patients in the observational LAPC-S cohort, who did not undergo neoadjuvant therapy.
Kolon Kanserlerinde Bilgisayarlı Tomografinin Lenf Nodu Tespitindeki Rolü
Authors: SARI Ramazan , DURAK Doğukan , YAZICIOĞLU Mustafa Ömer , GÜRER Ahmet 
Published: November 2018

Amaç:
Bilgisayarlı Tomografi malign hastalıkların tanı ve tedavisinde yaygın olarak
kullanılan görüntüleme yöntemidir. Kolon kanserinde metastatik lenf nodu sayısı
prognozu belirlemede önemli kriterlerdendir. Biz bu çalışmada kolon kanseri
saptanan hastalarda; tomografik bulgularla, patoloji raporlarını karşılaştırmayı
amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Çalışmamızda; Nisan 2015 ile Nisan 2016 tarihleri arasında kolon kanseri tanısı
ile Ankara Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde opere edilen hastaların
dosya bilgileri incelendi. Kolon kanseri nedeniyle genel cerrahi kliniğinde
ameliyat edilen hastalardan, ameliyat öncesi tüm abdominal bilgisayarlı
tomografi incelemesi yapılan toplam 72 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların
tomografi ve patoloji raporları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bilgisayarlı
tomografide görüntülenen lenf nodları (btN)
patolojik lenf nodu (pN) durumu ile karşılaştırıldı. Tomografinin
patolojik lenf nodunu saptayabilme oranı araştırıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya
alınan 72 hastanın 36’sında btN+ saptandı. Patolojik olarak ise toplam 44
hastada pN+ olduğu
görüldü.
btN+ 36 hastanın 28’inde pN+ olduğu gözlendi. btN- 36 hastanın ise
16’sında pN+ olduğu saptandı. Bilgisayarlı tomografinin lenf nodu
tespitindeki; Duyarlılığı: %64, Özgüllüğü: %71, Pozitif Prediktif Değeri: %77, Negatif
Prediktif Değeri: %55 olarak hesaplandı. Ayrıca pN2 grubunda bilgisayarlı
tomografide lenf nodu saptanma oranının pN1 grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu saptandı.
(p&lt;0.05)

Sonuç: Kolon kanserinin her aşamasında kullanılan
bilgisayarlı tomografinin bölgesel patolojik lenf nodu tespitinde de kullanılabileceği
görüldü. Benzer çalışmalar sayesinde kolon kanserlerinde yeni tedavi
modaliteleri geliştirilebileceği kanaatindeyiz.
Elektif olgularda açık ve laparaskopik splenektominin karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÜLKÜ Abdullah , TOPAL Uğur , SARITAŞ Ahmet Gökhan , RENCÜZOĞULLARI Ahmet , AKÇAM Tolga , ERAY İsmail Cem , YALAV Orçun , DALCI Kubilay , AYDIN İshak 
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada elektif splenektomi uygulanan olgularda Açık Splenektomi (AS) ile Laparoskopik Splenektominin (LS) karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı’nda 1 Ocak 2013- 1 Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında elektif splenektomi ameliyatı yapılan 95 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik bilgileri etyolojik neden, ameliyat süresi, kan kaybı miktarı, preoperatif dönemde dalak boyut ölçümü yapıldı. Laparoskopik cerrahiden açık cerrahiye geçme zorunluluğu, hastanede yatış süresi, postoperatif kan ürünleri replasmanı ve postoperatif gelişen komplikasyonlar incelendi.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza dahil edilen hastaların %79‘una (n=75) açık splenektomi, % 21 ‘ine (n=20) laparaskopik splenektomi olmak üzere toplam 95 olgu dahil edildi. Çalışmaya alınan olgularda ortalama yaş AS’ de 43.0±17 (18-78), LS’ de ise 39.3±13.9 idi (19-62). AS uygulanan olguların 31 tanesi erkek (% 41.3), 44 tanesi ise kadın (%58.7) cinsiyette idi. LS uygulanan olguların 7 tanesi erkek (%35), 13 tanesi ise kadın cinsiyette (%65) idi. AS uygulanan 75 olgudan 19 (% 25.3) olgu splenomegali, 16 (% 21.3) olgu immün trombositopenik purpura (ITP), 11(% 14.7) olgu kitle,7 (% 9.3) olgu ise Talasemi nedeniyle opere edildi.LS uygulanan 20 olgudan 12 (% 60) olgu ITP, 3 (% 15) olgu Hemolitik anemi, 2 (% 10) olgu ise lenfoma nedeniyle opere edildi. LS’de yatış süresi, kanama miktarı ve dalak boyutu üstün iken; AS’de ameliyat süresi anlamlı derecede üstün bulundu .Sonuç: Komplikasyon oranı, hastanede yatış süresi ve maliyetinin daha az olması nedeni ile LS, OS’ye göre daha güçlü bir alternatiftir.
Mesenteric panniculitis - a rare disorder: radiological features
Authors: DEV Ghanshyam , GUPTA Anshita , ILYAS Mohd 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
The
main objective of this study was to assess the key computed tomographic features of various types
of mesenteric panniculitis and to assess their etiology. Methods: In
this retrospective study, the radiological scans of seven patients were evaluated,
the computed tomographic features and etiology were assessed. The Coulier's
criteria were used for the radiological inclusion of a patient as a case of
mesenteric panniculitis. Results: Four
of the patients had a history of some procedure or surgery performed 6 weeks to
six months before presenting with panniculitis. Two of the seven cases were
idiopathic while the seventh case presented after an episode of pyonephrosis.
Mesentric panniculitis is one of the broad range of disorders that may result
in imaging finding of misty mesentry on computed tomography. The key computed
tomography finding seen in all these cases was
regional increase in mesenteric fat density that was seen at abdominopelvic
computed tomography.

Conclusion: Computed tomography has a particular
picture in the cases of mesenteric panniculitis and forms one of the most
sensitive non-invasive modality of investigation in the diagnosis of mesenteric
panniculitis.
Niñez y Ejército. Historia de los niños-cadetes del Colegio Militar Eloy Alfaro de Quito, Ecuador, 1969 - 1972
Authors: Bravo Kléver Antonio , Gutiérrez Álvarez Carlos Leonidas 
Published: November 2018

Pasadas cinco décadas, se recupera la memoria de cincuenta y cinco niños que, ingresados al Colegio Militar Eloy Alfaro, inauguraron, en 1969, la educación secundaria que solo funcionaba desde el cuarto curso en la Escuela Militar, específicamente para la formación de oficiales del Ejército ecuatoriano.
Dado que el grueso de este trabajo fue construido a partir de entrevistas, nos fue posible revelar las vivencias de tres años de ilusiones, sacrificios, travesuras, maltratos y nuevos conocimientos de aquellos niños-cadetes que iniciaron el primer curso bajo el manto de un sentimiento de patriotismo y otras creencias cívicas que debían ser forjadas en ellos.
Esta investigación testimonial se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Quito, teniendo como muestra a un grupo de seis oficiales del Ejército ecuatoriano que protagonizaron esta historia, cuyo financiamiento nunca constituyó un obstáculo por ser la entrevista una de las fuentes primarias.
THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS IN MODERN PEDIATRICS
Authors: Zaprudnov A. M. , Grigoryev K. I. , Kharitonova L. A. 
Published: November 2018

The authors, in the form of discussion, express their own opinion on one of the current problems of the concept of “scientific school”. The change in the old ideas about the characteristic features of the scientific school is now logical and reflects the turbulent processes in modern pediatrics.The scientific school with its own peculiarities, is headed by a leader (or leaders), a well-known scientist, a highly educated professional with encyclopedic knowledge, to form a fundamentally new scientific and practical direction in medicine and pediatrics. Training of highly qualified specialists proficient in modern research methods is an inseparable part of the scientific school. In our country the formation and development of scientific schools on topical issues in pediatric science and practice are associated with the names of outstanding scientists – coryphaeus of domestic pediatrics. The article focuses on the experience of Moscow scientific schools that have their own history, stages of development, undoubted influence on pediatrics both in our country and abroad.