bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mixed-Effects Height—Diameter Model for Individual Loblolly and Slash Pine Trees in East Texas
Authors: Coble Dean W. , Lee Young-Jin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A new mixed-effects model was developed that predicts individual-tree total height for loblolly (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) as a function of individual-tree diameter (in.), dominant height (ft), quadratic mean diameter (in.), and maximum stand diameter (in.). Data from 119,983 loblolly pine and 42,697 slash pine height–diameter observations collected on 185 loblolly pine and 84 slash pine permanent plots located in plantations throughout East Texas were used for model fitting. This new model is an improvement over earlier models fit with ordinary least squares, in that it can be calibrated to a new stand with observed height–diameter pairs, thus improving height prediction. An example is provided that describes how to calibrate the model to a new stand with observed data.
Sixty Years of Management on a Small Longleaf Pine Forest
Authors: Barlow Rebecca , Kush John S. , Boyer William D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In 1948, the US Forest Service set aside a 40-ac tract on the Escambia Experimental Forest in South Alabama to demonstrate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) management for the small landowner. At that time, the management goal for this “Farm 40” was to produce high-quality poles and logs on a 60-year rotation. The goal was to be accomplished entirely through management of the existing natural forest, with little to no capital investment other than the cost for prescribed burning, marking trees for cut, and limited control of cull hardwoods. Management of the forest has continued making the Farm 40 an excellent demonstration of small-scale longleaf pine management. Frequent harvests and small capital outlay continues to make this type of management strategy especially appealing to today's landowners with limited resources.
Total and Merchantable Stem Volume Equations for Midrotation Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.)
Authors: Sherrill Joshua R. , Bullock Bronson P. , Mullin Timothy J. , McKeand Steven E. , Purnell Robert C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Combined-variable (D2H) and exponential-ratio equations are presented for predicting stem volume of loblolly pine in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. The equations were derived using 985 stems in a replicated study with first- and second-generation open-pollinated families across four levels of weed control and fertilization treatments. Prediction equations include inside- and outside-bark total volume and inside- and outside-bark merchantable volume to any top-limit diameter. Each equation has an R2 of 0.962 or higher and root mean square error of 0.354 ft3 or lower. The diversity of genetic backgrounds and silvicultural treatments gives the equations broad applicability in situations such as first thinning cruises, tree improvement progeny tests, silviculture research trials, and continuous forest inventory.
Network-Based Resource-Proximity Analysis of Primary Wood Processing Mills in Arkansas
Authors: Adewopo Julius B. , Felix Locher Alexandra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Primary wood processing mills in Arkansas play a vital role in both the state and the national economy, as evidenced by Arkansas' high national ranking in lumber productivity. Log acquisition from forestlands is invariably constrained by suitability of terrain and road networks; hence, an accurate assessment of the sufficiency of timberlands in servicing mills based on the existing road network and cost-effective log-truck travel time is essential for planning for the future. Many different analyses were carried out on an ArcInfo 9.3.1 workstation to delineate cost-effective sawmill service areas (SSA), timber supply areas (TSA), agricultural lands, and the overlaps that exist between these land patches. Zonal area summation of the land patches was analyzed with a two-sample paired t-test. Results indicated that there were significant pairwise differences (P < 0.0001) in the extent of SSA and TSA, SSA and SSA within TSA, SSA without agricultural lands and SSA within TSA, agricultural lands with SSA, and agricultural lands without SSA. This study indicated that a significant portion (10%) of agricultural lands must be used for optimal stocking of the delineated cost-effective SSA. Furthermore, this study revealed the suitable areas in Arkansas where there are clusters of residual timberlands that can serve as a raw material supply base for new mills.
The Effectiveness of Forestry Best Management Practices for Sediment Control in the Southeastern United States: A Literature Review
Authors: Anderson Christopher J. , Lockaby B. Graeme 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Water quality from forested watersheds (both managed and unmanaged) is normally very good and better than most other human-dominated land uses. Water degradation is possible during forestry operations; however, the use of best management practices (BMP) has been shown to substantially reduce the risk. In the southeastern United States, forests are managed under a wide range of conditions reflective of physiographic region, soil erodibility, climate, and site wetness. Although it is clear that BMP reduce sediment and pollutant loading into streams, there is less information regarding how effective these practices are (i.e., how much sediment did BMP retain? What was the mechanism for sediment retention?). A review of the scientific literature was conducted to evaluate forestry BMP effectiveness to control sediment in the southeastern United States. Our reviewly quantified BMP effectiveness to reduce sediment. In the Coastal Plain, research has focused on forest roads and site wetness, whereas in the Piedmont and regions with steeper terrain, the focus has been on streamside management zones. These studies provide an initial indication of how much sediment is reduced by BMP; however, more information is needed for managers to make reasonable estimations. Future research should focus on quantifying BMP effects on sediment yield and identifying the specific mechanisms involved.
Prescribed Burning Frequency Affects Post Oak and Blackjack Oak Regeneration
Authors: DeSantis Ryan D. , Hallgren Stephen W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We studied post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica Münchh.) regeneration in xeric upland oak forests burned from 0 to 5.3 times per decade for 19 years. Post oak and blackjack oak represented 76 and 11% of the site basal area. All reproduction was by sprouting; there were no true seedlings. Compared with post oak, blackjack oak had a substantially higher density of clumps and sprouts relative to its basal area, suggesting that basal area was not a good indicator of sprout production capacity across species. The number of sprouts per clump declined with time since last fire for both species, indicating that fire stimulated sprouting. Three growing seasons after fire, sprouts per clump was highest with the lowest fire frequency and declined with increasing fire. The decline was greatest for blackjack oak. This may have been due to reduced vigor of the root systems producing sprouts with increasing fire frequency. Results suggested that post oak and blackjack oak sprouting, growth rates, and response to fire are similar, but blackjack oak sprout mortality may be higher than that of post oak. This information is important for the maintenance of post oak-blackjack oak-dominated forests of the south-central United States.
Using Public Land Cover Data to Determine Habitat Associations of Breeding Birds in Tuskegee National Forest, Alabama
Authors: McClure Christopher J.W. , Estep Laura K. , Hill Geoffrey E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A decline in the numbers of breeding songbirds is assumed to be related to habitat loss, but for many species, habitat needs during the breeding season are not well understood. Therefore, we developed habitat use models to quantify habitat relationships for breeding birds within a mostlyforested landscape centered on Tuskegee National Forest, Alabama. We conducted bird counts at 338 points and derived habitat characteristics within 100 m of each point using the Alabama Gap Analysis Program land cover map and the National Land Cover Database Tree Canopy Cover map. We modeled avian abundances and habitat associations based on cover type and canopy cover using N-mixture models. We detected more than 16,000 individuals of 85 species, and we present models of abundances for 42 species. Canopy cover was the most influential habitat characteristic, although many species abundances were influenced by cover type. For most species, detection was influenced by observer; date, time, and weather variables were less important in determining detectability. We demonstrate how bird habitat associations can be modeled at a coarse spatial scale using publicly available land cover maps. Our observations regarding the habitat associations of birds in Tuskegee National Forest may be applicable elsewhere within the East Gulf Coastal Plain, but the regional specificity of habitat use should be tested before such extrapolations are justified.
Forest Management and Sediment Production in the South—A Review
Authors: Yoho Noel S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The sediment yield from well-stocked forests is a minute fraction of that from more intensive land uses. Any activity that diaturbs the vegetation and soil of a watershed can increase sediment yield. Forest practices commonly result in small short-term increases. Significant increases in sediment yields are essentially limited to practices conducted with heavy machinery. Sediment production from forestry operations can be diminished without appreciably altering current prescriptions. Yields from similar sites receiving the same type treatment vary by several hundred percent. Sediment yields are substantially reduced when channel disturbance is avoided during cultural operations and the minimum treatment consistent with achieving the desired cultural result is employed. Slope and soil erodibility should receive careful attention when prescribing cultural treatments. Greatest reductions of sediment yields from forest can be achieved by careful design, planning, construction, use and maintenance of forest roads and skid trails.
Growth of Loblolly Pine with Roots Planted in Five Configurations
Authors: Woods Frank W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted in two locations with roots in straight, slanted, L-shaped, P-shaped, and balled configurations were excavated and measured seven years after planting. At each location, there were no differences (P = .05) between treatments in survival, height growth, or d.b.h. However, at one site and for pooled data from both sites, trees with balled roots had smaller root collars than trees with L-shaped roots. There was no firm evidence that trees planted with bent, balled, or slanted root systems were less productive than those planted with a straight tap root.
Year-Round Hardwood Control Using the Hypo-Hatchet Injector
Authors: Kossuth S. V. , Young J. F. , Voeller J. E. , Holt H. A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Eleven hardwood species were treated with seven herbicides during the spring, summer, fall, and winter seasons using a hypo-hatchet injector. Late spring to fall injections were most effective and winter injections least effective. Early spring injection tended to allow revegetation by outgrowth of lateral buds. Most of the herbicides were effective at the tested concentrations with injections of 1-2 ml/2.5 cm of stem diameter, with the best results from DOWCO 233, Krenite, Tordon 101-R and 2,4-D amine, respectively. Overall control ranged from 81 to 96 percent, depending on herbicide treatment. Multiple clumps of red maple stems were not well controlled by injecting just one stem.
The Impact of State Death Taxes on the Private Nonindustrial Forest Landowner in the South
Authors: Olson Scott C. , Haney Harry L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Estate tax problems peculiar to private nonindustrial forest landowners are briefly introduced. State death tax laws that owners face in the South are compared. Combined federal and state death tax levies are computed for assumed conditions of family status and asset size. Potential tax saving under special-use valuation for simulated estates is examined.
Hardwood Density and Species Composition in Bottomland Areas Treated for Regeneration
Authors: Hurst George A. , Bourland Thomas R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Seedling and sapling density of high- and low-commercial species varied from 994 to 2,792/acre on regenerated areas, age three to eight years, on the Delta National Forest, Mississippi. The highest densities were in the oldest regenerated stands, on low flat sites and on areas that had been hand-injected. Most seedlings and saplings were not suppressed by vines and the number growing in the open increased with age. The most abundant species were green ash, water hickory, overcup oak, sugarberry, Nuttall oak, and persimmon. The highest densities of subcommercial species were on sheared areas.
Increasing Endomycorrhizal Fungus Inoculum in Forest Nursery Soil with Cover Crops
Authors: Kormanik Paul P. , Bryan W. Craig , Schultz Richard C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Corn, millet, sudex, and sorghum were all effective cover crops for increasing inoculum density of vesicular-arbuscular fungi (Glomus spp.) in nursery soils. Spore production was increased approximately 7 to 12 times, depending on the cover crop used. Sweetgum seedlings did not differ significantly in size on plots previously planted with any of the four cover crops. Eighty-nine percent of the sweetgum seedlings grown after cover cropping had root-collar diameters exceeding the minimum (0.25 inch) recommended for outplanting of this species.
Fifteen Years of Cottonwood Plantation Growth and Yield
Authors: Krinard R. M. , Johnson R. L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
At age 15, unthinned cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) planted at four spacings ranged from 7.5 to 12.1 inches average d.b.h. Initial spacings were 4' x 9', 8' x 9', 12' x 12', and 16' x 18' on Commerce-Convent soils. Mean annual cubic-foot volume increment by spacings in trees ≥5.0 inches d.b.h. peaked from year 9 to 13 and ranged from 277 to 313 cubic feet per acre per year. Yields from three thinning treatments did not exceed unthinned mean annual increments for a given spacing. Board-foot mean annual increment in trees ≥12.0 inches d.b.h. to a 10-inch top ranged from 60 to 370 board feet per acre for unthinned plots and from 100 to 420 board feet per acre for thinned plots when averaged over spacings.
Survival and Growth of Container-Grown and Bare-Root Shortleaf Pine Seedlings with
Pisolithus and
Thelephora Ectomycorrhizae
Authors: Ruehle John L. , Marx Donald H. , Barnett James P. , Pawuk William H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bare-root and container-grown shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris ectomycorrhizae were outplanted on two reforestation sites on the Ouachita National Forest. On the better site, survival and growth of containerized seedlings were better than that of bare-root seedlings. On the poorer site, the reverse was true. Mycorrhizal treatment provided no consistent advantage for survival and growth for containerized seedlings. However, bare-root seedlings with half or more of their ectomycorrhizae formed by P. tinctorius before planting had greater survival and growth on both sites than seedlings with lesser amounts of Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae. The difference in mycorrhizal treatments among containerized and bareroot seedlings are discussed.
Bedding Effects in Maturing Slash Pine Stands
Authors: Wilhite L. P. , Jones E. P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Growth of randomly selected dominant slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) trees from a 35-year-old plantation on beds and an adjacent 45-year-old unbedded plantation was examined through stem analysis. Height-over-age curves constructed from these analyses indicated that trees on the beds were consistently taller at comparable ages through 35 years. The difference was greatest, 10.8 feet, at age 17 and decreased to 5.7 feet at age 35. These observations, while not conclusive, indicate that the growth advantage provided by bedding may decline as slash pines mature.
Water Table Rise After Cutting on Coastal Plain Soils
Authors: Williams Thomas M. , Lipscomb Donald J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Foresters managing land in the lower coastal plain should plan for a significant rise in the water table after a cutting even on sandy soils. Partial cuts in four pine stands on fine sandy soils caused the water table to rise from 0.3 to 1.1 feet. A water rise occurred even with a light selection cut on a Lakeland sand. The water table rise was most pronounced late in the growing season and persisted into the dormant season, usually until February.
Predicting Site Index for Old-Field Loblolly Pine Plantations
Authors: Golden Michael S. , Meldahl Ralph , Knowe Steven A. , Boyer William D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Height-over-age curves and site-index prediction tables were derived using nonlinear polymorphic regression models with data from 25-year-old old-field plantations ranging from coastal North Carolina to southwestern Arkansas. Plots from heavy silty clay soils of the interior flatwoods of Mississippi exhibited height growth patterns noticeably different from the overall pattern. A separate table and set of curves were developed for such sites.
Virginia's Reforestation of Timberlands Program: An Economic Analysis of the First Six Years
Authors: Flick Warren A. , Horton Donald A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An economic analysis of the first 6 years of Virginia's Reforestation of Timberlands Program shows the program to be efficient. A benefit-cost ratio of about 3.5 is expected. Rural areas of eastern Virginia will benefit most. The sensitivity of the results to major assumptions is discussed. Landowners, forest industries, and rural laborers are major beneficiaries.
Establishing European Alder Seedlings in Fescue-Covered Surface Mine Spoil
Authors: Carpenter S. B. , Albers D. J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
European alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) seedlings were planted in an established ground cover of Kentucky-31 fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) of surface mine spoil in southeastern Kentucky. The effects of the ground cover on seedling survival, height, dry weight production, soil moisture and temperature, leaf water potential, and diffusion resistance, were observed and evaluated. Three treatments, scalping, clipping, and paraquat herbicide, to reduce competition around individual tree seedlings, were evaluated. Highest survival (43 percent) occurred in plots where competing vegetation was mechanically scalped away from seedlings. Scalping increased the soil moisture available for growth and reduced water stress of seedlings.
Availability of Wood-Residue Fuels for Agribusiness and Industry in Georgia
Authors: Ames Glenn C. W. , Baxter Harold O. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A survey of 278 sawmills and other sources of wood residues in Georgia revealed that wood fuels were available at $3.86 to $5.69 per ton FOB, the source. Unsold wood residues were available in volumes necessary to meet the needs of 7 of 14 firms considering use of wood fuels. If these nonforest product firms converted to wood fuels, the savings in annual energy costs would range from 23 to 57 percent, depending upon the fossil fuel currently being used. However, other firms would have to either pay prices higher than $6 per ton for wood residues or purchase logging residues in order to generate the supply of wood fuels necessary to meet their requirements.
New Tool for Fire Managers
Authors: Ebarb Pat , Reeves Hershel C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper describes a low-cost, foam-generating "Water Expansion System" (WES) and a refined "Water Expansion Pump System" (WEPS) developed by Mark Cummins with the Texas Forest Service. Field use indicates good fire-management potential for accessible-wildfire and prescribed-fire conditions.
Effects of Precommercial Thinning and Fertilizing on Deer Forage in a Loblolly Pine Plantation
Authors: Hurst G. A. , Campo J. J. , Brooks M. B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Effects of precommercial thinning and subsequent fertilizing on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) forage in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation, at ages 7 to 9 years, were studied in the upper coastal plain of Alabama. Based on pooled means, total deer forage available in August (1977-79) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) on thinned plots (515 lbs/acre) than on plots unthinned (283 lbs/acre). Pooled means of February (1978-80) samples showed a significantly (P < 0.05) greater abundance of deer forage on thinned (38 lbs/acre) than on unthinned plots (14 lbs/acre). An application of urea (329 lbs/acre) in March 1978 apparently increased deer forage on thinned (790 lbs/acre) and unthinned plots (431 lbs/acre) in August 1978. Fertilization effects on deer forage were still evident in the February 1979 sample on thinned and unthinned plots but were not evident the following August.
May Burning Favors Survival and Early Height Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings
Authors: Grelen Harold E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
After seven annual May burns, grass-stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling survival averaged 71 percent, significantly higher than survival on a biennial May burn, an annual or biennial March burn, or an unburned control. Seedling height growth on the annual May burn was no better than that on the biennial May burn, but both May burns significantly exceeded the other treatments in height growth. The annual May burn also provided greatest survival and growth for longleaf seedlings that had begun height growth before the study began.
Sawtimber Volume Predictions for Uneven-Aged Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands on Average Sites
Authors: Murphy Paul A. , Farrar Robert M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Equations are given to estimate current and projected sawtimber volumes and projected basal area of the sawtimber portion of uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf (Pinus taeda L.-Pinus echinata Mill.) pine stands managed under the selection system. The independent variables are elapsed time, initial merchantable basal area, and the initial ratio of sawtimber basal area to merchantable basal area. The results should provide guidelines for the board-foot and cubic-foot production of sawtimber-sized trees in uneven-aged stands that occur on average sites (site index 90, loblolly pine) in the Coastal Plain.
Regeneration Costs for Industrial Landowners Using Hand vs. Machine Planting
Authors: Guldin Richard W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The cost of planting southern pine seedlings is influenced by intensity of site preparation, number of parcels of land included in the planting contract, site topography, whether the site is bedded, and type of planting method. Industrial foresters should carefully examine anticipated benefits before intensifying site preparation, especially before using bedding or specifying machine planting.