bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modifiable Risk Factors for Cognitive Frailty in Older Chinese Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Qiu Wenhui , Zhang Yixiong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis clarifying potential modifiable risk factors for cognitive frailty in older Chinese persons with diabetes. We conducted a comprehensive search across four English and four Chinese databases, spanning from 1980 to May 2024. The aim was to identify studies that investigate potential modifiable risk factors for cognitive frailty in older patients with diabetes. Meta‐analysis was performed using Stata16.0. Out of the 237 records identified, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and were consequently included for analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed that the prevalence of cognitive frailty among older patients with diabetes was 22.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.177−0.270, I2 = 93.92%). Depression (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.19−4.62, I2 = 79.6%), HbA1c (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.66−2.85, I2 = 41.5%) and malnutrition (OR = 4.04, 95% CI: 1.58−10.34, I2 = 95.0%) were significantly associated with cognitive frailty in this population. Regular exercise (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11−0.84, p < 0.01, I2 = 87.3%) and higher education (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.16−0.58, p < 0.01, I2 = 69.7%) are identified as protective factors against cognitive frailty. This systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrates that interventions targeting depression, HbA1c level, malnutrition, exercise and education can effectively reduce the risk of cognitive frailty in older patients with diabetes.
On Unconditional Stability of Upwind Generalized Summation‐by‐Parts Schemes for Kinetic Equations in the Diffusion Limit
Authors: Ortleb Sigrun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTKinetic models describe a wide range of physical processes relevant to natural and engineering sciences where a large number of particles are involved. Recently an efficient numerical scheme for specific kinetic models modeling radiative transfer has been proposed by implicitly discretizing those terms in the micro–macro decomposition of the kinetic model which are linked to diffusion in the asymptotic limit. Unconditional stability for low‐order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes in space has been rigorously proven in this previous work, meaning that for small scaling parameters near the macroscopic limit of the kinetic model, arbitrarily large time steps may be chosen. Upwind summation‐by‐parts (SBP) schemes provide a generic framework to construct robust, structure‐preserving approximations of higher order. In this work, the theoretical unconditional stability result is extended to higher order spatial discretization based on upwind SBP operators combined with implicit‐explicit Runge–Kutta (RK) time integrators. Numerical computations are carried out for a linear prototype kinetic model and a kinetic model with macroscopic limit given by the viscous Burgers equation.
Measurement of active grid generated turbulence
Authors: Faragó Dávid , Szaszák Norbert , Bencs Péter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of the research is to investigate the flow field downstream of an active turbulence grid using LDA (laser Doppler anemometry) and CTA (constant temperature anemometry) measurement methods. The work includes the development of measurement cases, the designing and realization of the measurement and auxiliary systems. The investigation has been realized in an open, Göttingen‐type wind tunnel, with a measurement cross‐section of 0.6 0.5 m. The investigated grid type, active turbulence generator was placed downstream of the converging nozzle section of the wind tunnel. Flexible silicone tubes were attached to certain grid points of the turbulence generator. Based on preliminary experiment results, silicone tubes were placed at every second grid point in a checkerboard pattern, and the remaining grid point openings were sealed. In active and in jet modes of the grid, it was supplied with high pressure secondary air (up to 8 bar gauge pressure). The appropriate volume flow rate was set by adjusting a pressure reducer and a variable cross‐section volume flow meter. The flow downstream of the turbulence grid was examined at five different mean air velocities with the turbulence generator being operated in passive, jet, and active modes. Reynolds numbers and the ratios of secondary volume flow to primary volume flow were determined from other measured (velocities, temperatures, pressure values, relative air humidity) and derived (densities, volume‐ and mass flow rates) quantities. Using LDA, the streamwise and the vertical velocity components (‐) were measured. Using CTA, measurements were performed twice; once measuring the streamwise and the horizontal instantaneous velocity components (‐), and the second time measuring the streamwise and the vertical components (‐). The results were processed and visualized in Matlab.
Plasma treatment of rice husk ash for application in tire retread compounds based on natural rubber
Authors: Moresco Suélen , Siciński Mariusz , Gozdek Tomasz , Giovanela Marcelo , Carli Larissa N. , Crespo Janaina S. , Bieliński Dariusz M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, various plasma treatment protocols were employed to modify white rice husk ash (WRHA) for enhanced compatibility as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber (NR) formulations. The treatments included argon (cleaning), oxygen (activation), and acetylene (polymerization) plasma, aiming to increase WRHA's specific surface area. In this sense, five rubber compounds based on a standard NR/silica tire tread formulation were developed and assessed for vulcanization kinetics and mechanical, dynamical, and tribological properties. Characterization of the modified filler indicated a notable decrease in surface free energy, improving its dispersion and interaction with the NR matrix. While most modifications did not significantly affect vulcanization parameters or mechanical properties, argon plasma‐treated WRHA hindered vulcanization and weakened the vulcanizates. However, all plasma treatments increased abrasion resistance and lowered tan δ values at 60°C and 100°C, indicating improved rolling resistance and reduced heat generation. Notably, WRHA treated with argon plasma followed by acetylene plasma polymerization exhibited the highest wet grip strength (~44%), along with reduced friction and wear (~14%). These findings suggest that plasma treatment, particularly the two‐step method, offers a promising approach for enhancing filler surface properties in rubber compounds, leading to improved product durability.Highlights
White rice husk ash (WRHA) was successfully modified by plasma treatment.
Argon treatment followed by acetylene plasma polymerization was the most effective approach.
The incorporation of plasma‐treated WRHA resulted in lower wear track compounds.
Low rolling resistance and heat generation were achieved using plasma‐treated WRHA.
Plasma treatment emerges as an alternative to chemical rubber‐filler compatibilization.
Shyness and Adolescents' Smartphone Addiction: Roles of Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Experiential Avoidance, and Online Social Support
Authors: Gao Ling , Kong Fangyuan , Liu Fengfeng , Zhang Zixi , Wang Xingchao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious research has demonstrated shyness plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of smartphone addiction. The present study aimed to examine the mediating roles of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and experiential avoidance as well as the moderating role of online social support in the relation between shyness and adolescents' smartphone addiction. A sample of 513 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 16.16 years, range from 14 to 19) was recruited to complete the questionnaires. After sex and age were controlled, shyness was significantly and positively associated with adolescents' smartphone addiction and this relation was partially mediated by both maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and experiential avoidance. The multiple mediation analysis further indicated that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and experiential avoidance exerted a mixed mediation effect on the relation between shyness and adolescents' smartphone addiction. Moreover, online social support significantly moderated the relation between shyness and smartphone addiction and this relation is much weaker for adolescents with high online social support. These results contribute to design the effective interventions of adolescents' smartphone addiction.
High Sensation Seeking and Alcohol‐Related Consequences: “Go‐Zone” Protective Behavioral Strategies for High School Seniors
Authors: Doumas Diana M. , Miller Raissa , Esp Susan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSensation seeking is a significant predictor of alcohol‐related consequences among high school students. High school seniors report the highest prevalence rates of alcohol use and binge drinking among students in high school. Among high sensation‐seeking students, higher rates of Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) use are associated with fewer alcohol‐related consequences. To date, however, there is no research investigating which specific PBS are related to lower levels of alcohol‐related consequences in this high‐risk group of students. The current study examined the frequency of use and effectiveness of 20 PBS measured by the PBS Scale‐20 among high sensation‐seeking high school seniors (N = 77). “Go‐zone” methodology was used to classify PBS items into one of four zones (i.e., used frequently, high effectiveness; used infrequently, high effectiveness; used frequently, low effectiveness; used infrequently; low effectiveness). Four PBS were identified as “go‐zone” strategies (e.g., used frequently; high effectiveness) and five strategies were identified as used infrequently but highly effective. Findings from the current study extend the literature on PBS use as a buffer against alcohol‐related consequences among high sensation‐seeking high school students. Implications for school mental health professionals are discussed.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03613818
Establishing the relationship between history of childhood trauma and personality disorder using the ICD‐11 classification system
Authors: Lock Jordan , Yang Min , Tyrer Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe temporal relationship between childhood trauma and personality status using the ICD‐11 classification was examined in 75 adults (65%F) aged between 19 and 72 selected by constrained procedure to ensure the full range of personality disturbance. Trauma history was assessed using the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale, past and recent versions and personality status using scales to assess the severity and domains of the ICD‐11 system, PDS‐ICD‐11 and PAQ‐11. The PDS‐ICD‐11 findings showed 52 (59.3%) had some personality disturbance with 17 (22.7%) having moderate or severe personality disorder. There was a significant association between childhood sexual trauma and ICD‐11 personality severity (p = 0.005) and a lessened association with recent trauma (p = 0.02). Apart from the borderline composite score, the PAQ‐11 negative affectivity domain was significantly associated with childhood sexual trauma (p = 0.003), but other domains were not linked. The Anankastia domain was significantly associated with early major physical illness (p = 0.012), and physical illness both in early life (p = 0.005) and recent exposure (p = 0.024) were associated with personality disorder. Other forms of childhood abuse and illness or injury in childhood did not differ with regard to later personality disorder. The results confirm a significant but not overwhelming relationship between childhood sexual trauma and severity of ICD‐11 personality disturbance in adult life that is greater than for other classes of trauma.
What can drive a digital governance transformation? Greece, the Covid‐19 crisis and “a jump‐started Lamborghini”
Authors: Karokis‐Mavrikos Vassilis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic tested state preparedness across the globe and exposed cross‐sectoral deficiencies in infrastructure, resources and policymaking patterns. However, the prospects of the pandemic facilitating lasting institutional change have received limited attention. This study explores the drivers and resisting forces underpinning Greece's ongoing digital governance transformation during conditions of crises through a Multiple Streams lens. The analysis is informed by original primary data from elite stakeholders across four policy areas and extends from policy adoption to implementation. The study concludes that the simultaneous surfacing of administrative deficiencies, the enhanced value acceptability for innovation and a series of cross‐sectoral spillovers facilitated the introduction of digitization initiatives on an unprecedented scale. However, centralization and cultural resistance from both bureaucracies and the public during implementation pose strains to the completion of the transformative process. The paper's insights contribute to the young but highly topical research agenda on digital governance transformation drivers.
Spirituality in Patients With Cancer: A Synthesis of a Program of Research
Authors: Ferrell Betty , Borneman Tami , Koczywas Marianna , Galchutt Paul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpiritual care is a key domain of quality palliative care as defined by national palliative care guidelines.AimsThe aim of this project was to synthesize data and research experience by the authors over 30 years related to spirituality in patients with cancer. The research objectives for this analysis were to:
Describe spirituality in patients with cancer.
Determine the outcomes of palliative care interventions on spirituality and related variables in patients with cancer in these studies conducted by the authors.
Summarize methodological issues in conducting research related to spirituality in oncology patients.

MethodsA synthesis of 15 prior studies conducted by the authors was completed and also compared to current literature regarding spirituality in cancer and other serious illness.ResultsFindings demonstrate the broad scope of spirituality, key spiritual concerns in cancer and methodological approaches to assessing spirituality.ConclusionSpirituality is a major concern for patients, yet limited training has been provided for clinicians who deliver this care. Additional studies are needed to advance this important aspect of palliative care.
Current Physiotherapy Assessment and Treatment Practices for Low Back Pain in Nigeria: A National Survey
Authors: Danazumi Musa Sani , Ford Jon J. , Kaka Bashir , Hahne Andrew J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite advances in physiotherapy care for Low Back Pain (LBP) worldwide, studies suggest that physiotherapists in Nigeria do not adhere to international guidelines, and it is not known whether recent treatment approaches developed for LBP are recognized or applied by physiotherapists in Nigeria.ObjectivesTo evaluate the current assessment and treatment practices used by physiotherapists in Nigeria for people with recent onset, recurrent and chronic LBP.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional electronic national survey.ParticipantsTwo hundred and sixty‐seven registered physiotherapists who treat LBP across all 36 states of Nigeria completed the survey anonymously via REDCap.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐seven physiotherapists (mean age = 37.6 years, SD = 9.1; 53.6% female) completed the survey in full. Although most physiotherapists (> 95%) regularly applied traditional assessment methods (e.g., history of presenting complaint, observation for spinal deformity, palpation), only approximately 30% screened for red flag pathology. Very few physiotherapists assessed patients with LBP for psychological distress (< 8%) or risk stratification/prognostic factors (< 4%). For treatment, electrophysical agents and muscle techniques (e.g., massage) predominated (> 95%), while few physiotherapists used cognitive‐behavioural strategies (< 2%), individualised multimodal treatment programs (e.g., cognitive functional therapy, StarT Back or STOPS, < 1.5%), validated outcome measures (< 15%), clinical practice guidelines (< 10%) or a clinical reasoning strategy/framework (< 20%). Most Nigerian physiotherapists (> 99%) expressed interest in learning evidence‐based LBP assessment and treatment methods from international experts.ConclusionThere is very limited application of contemporary assessment and treatment practices for LBP by Nigerian physiotherapists; however, they are very interested in learning these methods from international experts.
Effect of Pomegranate Peel Consumption on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile, Liver Steatosis, and Hs‐CRP in Patients With Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Baghdadi Ghazal , Shidfar Farzad , Mokhtare Marjan , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Agah Shahram 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe most prevalent chronic liver disease for which there is currently no proven treatment is non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD may be the cause. The onset and development of this illness appear to be influenced by problems with lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Considering the antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract, this study was conducted to determine the effects of pomegranate peel consumption on some metabolic features in patients with NAFLD. Our hypothesis is that pomegranate peel can improve the grade of fatty liver, liver enzymes, lipid profile, serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and anthropometric indices. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract in NAFLD patients. This double‐blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 patients with NAFLD. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention group (n = 23) and placebo group (n = 23). Patients in the pomegranate peel group consumed two capsules, each containing 500 mg pomegranate peel extract daily as a part of low‐calorie diet (i.e., 500‐deficit calorie diet) for 10 weeks. While patients in the control group followed the low calorie diet and two capsules containing 500 mg maltodextrin. At the beginning and end of the study, demographic information, anthropometric indices, food intake, physical activity level, grade of fatty liver, liver enzymes, lipid profile, and serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured. Food intake was measured by 24‐h food recall questionnaires and physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analysis of food recall questionnaire was done using Nutritionist IV program. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22), and a p value < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Of 46 patients, 42 of them completed the trial. At the end of the trial, pomegranate peel group had significantly higher reduction in TG (triglycerides), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), AST(aspartate transferase), hs‐CRP and also had higher significant increase in HDL‐C(high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) compared to the control group (p = 0/02, p = 0/02, p = 0/01, p = 0/01, and p = 0/04, respectively). However, changes in LDL‐C, TC, ALP, GGT, and fatty liver grade were not significantly different between the two groups at the end of the study. The current study indicates that pomegranate peel extract has a favorable effect on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) in patients with NAFLD. To support these results, trials examining various dosages over longer time periods are necessary.
Emotional Configurations of White Shame and White Ambivalence for White Interns in a Secondary Science Teaching Program
Authors: McCausland Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs a part of the special issue Centering Affect and Emotion Toward Justice and Dignity in Science Edcation, this article draws together literature around emotions and white supremacy. Specifically, I draw upon the work of Reverend Thandeka and Ralph Ellison to describe emotional configurations (Vea, 2020) of whiteness. Focusing on the experiences of three White secondary science interns, I use storytelling to describe how white shame (Thandeka, 1999) and white ambivalence (Ellison, 1953/1995) mattered in how interns learned to be more antiracist within a secondary science program. In doing so, I argue white shame and white ambivalence are emotional configurations that are a part of learning for White secondary science interns and should be targets of learning for White secondary science interns.
Bayesian Nonparametric Model for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects With Zero‐Inflated Data
Authors: Kim Chanmin , Li Yisheng , Xu Ting , Liao Zhongxing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOne goal of precision medicine is to develop effective treatments for patients by tailoring to their individual demographic, clinical, and/or genetic characteristics. To achieve this goal, statistical models must be developed that can identify and evaluate potentially heterogeneous treatment effects in a robust manner. The oft‐cited existing methods for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity are based upon parametric models with interactions or conditioning on covariate values, the performance of which is sensitive to the omission of important covariates and/or the choice of their values. We propose a new Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) method for estimating heterogeneous causal effects in studies with zero‐inflated outcome data, which arise commonly in health‐related studies. We employ the enriched Dirichlet process (EDP) mixture in our BNP approach, establishing a connection between an outcome DP mixture and a covariate DP mixture. This enables us to estimate posterior distributions concurrently, facilitating flexible inference regarding individual causal effects. We show in a set of simulation studies that the proposed method outperforms two other BNP methods in terms of bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the conditional average treatment effect estimates. In particular, the proposed model has the advantage of appropriately reflecting uncertainty in regions where the overlap condition is violated compared to other competing models. We apply the proposed method to a study of the relationship between heart radiation dose parameters and the blood level of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) to examine if the effect of a high mean heart radiation dose on hs‐cTnT varies by baseline characteristics.
Photophysical Properties and Metal‐Free Synthesis of Thiophene‐Based D─π─A Stilbenes with Enhanced Stokes Shift
Authors: Sakthivel Kokila , Singh Fateh V 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA straightforward and practical nucleophile‐induced synthetic route for the synthesis of thermally stable, fluorescently active, functionalized stilbenes has been developed. The described synthetic method involves nucleophile‐induced, base‐promoted ring transformation reactions following a more traditional approach. All reactions occur at room temperature, yielding high amounts of the desired product with minimal byproducts. Due to the inclusion of a donor‐π‐acceptor system, all the produced stilbenes exhibited impressive emission characteristics. The resulting band gaps ranged from 3.37 to 3.93 eV, indicating a notable redshift. Solvatochromic investigations underscored these positive impacts. Furthermore, the TG‐DTA analysis indicated a single‐step evaporation process, and the compounds exhibited stability up to 375 °C.