bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Terminal Cathode Ray Tube System for Man-Computer-Interfacing
Authors: Reichertz P. L. , Templeton A. W. , DeLurgio L. J. 
Published: March 2018

A FORTRAN compatible, Physician-Computer-Interfacing System (FCMTS) has been developed utilizing up to 24 cathode-ray tube terminals with one set of programs. The system is designed for IBM 360 computers (Model 40 and upwards) under OS and IBM 2260 terminals. It is written for local operation and interrupt control. Time consuming polling is not necessary.According to the intended application, a FORTRAN program set has to be supplied. It must consist of a sub-executive and application oriented task routines. The sub-executive controls the logic followed by the individual terminals. The task routines perform the different tasks of the application. FCMTS has been developed for ‘RADIATE’, a system for the synthesis, formatting and transmission of radiology reports. In its current version, up to 8 CRTs may be used at the same time. FCMTS may be utilized for diagnostic routines, for compilation of patient histories and data of physical examinations, and for any other dialogue between physician and computer.
Syntropie von Krankheiten
Authors: Lange H.-J. 
Published: March 2018

Die Bezeichnung Syntropie geht auf den Pädiater Pfaundler zurück. Syntropie bedeutet, daß zwischen zwei Krankheiten eine Art gegenseitiger »Anziehung«, Dystropie hingegen, daß eine Art »Abstoßung« besteht. Erster Schritt der Syntropieforschung ist die statistische Prüfung, ob beobachtete Koinzidenzen von Krankheiten als zufällige Phänomene betrachtet werden müssen. Viele Ansätze auf dem Gebiet der Syntropieforschung sind falsch. Die Fehler beruhen — abgesehen von Fragen der Dokumentation und der Definition von Krankheitseinheiten — nicht selten auf der Nichtbeachtung folgender Punkte:1. Es ist oft sehr schwierig, die Vergleichsgruppen bzw. die Populationen sinnvoll abzugrenzen.2. »Statistisch gesicherte« Assoziierungen oder Dissoziierungen zwischen zwei Krankheiten können ohne dahinterstehende biologische Realität gleichsam als artifizielle statistische Effekte entstehen:a) Durch verschieden große Selektion der zu untersuchenden Krankheitsfälle, z. B. durch frühere Sterblichkeit, durch unterschiedliche Einweisungshäufigkeiten und verschieden intensive Diagnostik bei klinischem Krankheitsgut oder durch unterschiedliche Letalität bzw. verschieden große Sektionshäufigkeiten bei Obduktionsmaterial.b) Als Heterogenitätseffekt (illusory associations by amalgamation of subgroups).3. Durch Nichtbeachtung des Zeitablaufs beim Auftreten der Krankheiten (incidence, prevalence, competition of risks).Es gibt keine Standardverfahren zur Uberwindung dieser Schwierigkeiten. Die Methoden müssen der Materialgewinnung und den Besonderheiten der betrachteten Krankheiten in den zu vergleichenden Gruppen angepaßt werden.
Klassifizierung evozierter Potentiale durch lichtgriffelausgewertete Helligkeitsmuster von EEG-FFT-Spektren
Authors: Spreng M. , Vollmar R. 
Published: March 2018

Voreilencle und begleitende EEG-Abschnitte von Rohdatensätzen, welche jeweils einen reizsynchronen EEG-Abschnitt und ein verborgenes evoziertes Emzelpotential enthalten, werden einer Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT) unterworfen. Auf einem grafischen Bildschirm des Rechners PDP-15 erscheinen ihre Spektren dargestellt als Gesamtmuster bestehend aus Linien mehr oder weniger ausgeprägter Helligkeit entsprechend den Gipfelwerten der berechneten Spektren.Die lichtgriffelgestützte Beurteilung von relativen Helligkeitsunterschieden erlaubt leicht die Berechnung von Geraden, welche die Verschiebungstendenz relativer Gipfel innerhalb der EEG-Spektren repräsentieren. Unter Benützung von Steigungen, Ordinatenwerten und Winkeln liefern diese Geraden verschiedene Klassen für separierte Mittelungsprozesse der Rohdatensätze.Erste Ergebnisse dieser Klassifizierungsart zeigen differenziertes Verhalten der späten Hauptkomponenten und der Amplitudenvariabilität von gemittelten akustisch evozierten Potentialen sowie den Einfluß unterschiedlicher Vigilanzlage.
Medizinische Kinderschutz-Hotline
Authors: Clemens V. , Witt A. , von Moers A. , von Aster M. , Kölch M. , Plener P. , Fegert J. M. , Berthold O. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungFragen des Kinderschutzes berühren, angesichtsder Angaben der Weltgesundheitsorganisationfür die europäische Region, fast jedePerson, die im Gesundheitswesen tätig istund lösen nicht selten Fragen und Unsicherheiten bei den damit befassten Angehörigender Heilberufe aus. Durch das Bundeskinderschutzgesetzund die dort festgeschriebeneBefugnisnorm für Berufsgeheimnisträger wieAngehörige der Heilberufe wurden Rechtssicherheitund neue Handlungsmöglichkeitengeschaffen.Dennoch gibt es hinsichtlich der Kooperationzwischen Gesundheitswesen und Jugendhilfenach wie vor deutlichen Verbesserungsbedarf.Es bleibt eine zentrale Aufgabe, zu einergemeinsamen Sprache zwischen den Berufsgruppenzu finden.Daher fördert das Bundesministerium für Familie,Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ)seit 1. Oktober 2016 für drei Jahre das Projekt“Medizinische Kinderschutz-Hotline für ärztlichesund heilberufliches Fachpersonal” desUniversitätsklinikums Ulm in Kooperation mitden DRK Kliniken Berlin und der MedizinischenHochschule Brandenburg.Seit 1. Juli 2017 bietet die Hotline bundesweiteine kollegiale Beratung durch Ärztinnen undÄrzte mit spezifischem Hintergrundwissen inKinderschutzfragen und einer speziellen Ausbildungzu Strukturen und Hilfemöglichkeitenim Bereich der Jugendhilfe.Unter der Rufnummer 0800 19 210 00 ist dieMedizinische Kinderschutz-Hotline rund umdie Uhr an sieben Tagen in der Woche, kostenfreiund bundesweit zu erreichen.
Dokumentations- und Auswertprobleme bei der Definition von Kon trollgruppen in epidemiologischen Studien
Authors: Netter Petra 
Published: March 2018

Die methodischen Besonderheiten epidemiologischer Studien im Vergleich zum Experiment werden am Modell der für jede Ursachenforschung gültigen Beziehung zwischen Reiz—Organismus variable— Reaktion erläutert. Drei Fehlerquellen, die sich auf die Planung, Dokumentation, Auswertung und Ergebnisinterpretation epidemiologischer Untersuchungen auswirken, werden an Hand von Beispielen aus der Studie »Schwangerschaftsverlauf und Kindesentwicklung« hervorgehoben:1. Ein Einflußfaktor kann durch organismusdeterminierte Selektionsprozesse entweder untrennbar oder — aufgrund fehlender Dokumentation von Begleitumständen — unkontrollierbar an zusätzliche Bedmgungsfaktoren geknüpft sein. Dadurch lassen sich Zahl und Art der zu bildenden Kontrollgruppen oft nicht den theoretischen Forderungen anpassen. Diese Situation betrifft vor allem die Prüfung von an Indikationen und Gegenindikationen gebundenen Therapiemaßnahmen.2. Die zeitliche Koinzidenz zwischen Einflußund Zielereignis kann Scheinassoziationen stiften oder wahre Korrelationen verdecken, wenn bei der exponierten und der Kontrollgruppe nicht streng vergleichbare Beobachtungsabschnitte zur Beurteilung herangezogen werden.3. Einfluß und Zielmerkmal können mit einzelnen oder mehreren, ursächlich untereinander verknüpften DrittgröJ3en assoziiert sein. Dadurch verursachte Heterogenitätseffekte müssen 1. durch zweidimensionales Tabellen-Screening aufgedeckt und 2. durch Stratifikation bzw. Matched-pairTechnik ausgeschaltet oder mit Hilfe von multivariaten Verfahren auf ihre Zusammenhangsstrukturen untersucht werden.
A Suggestion for an Effective Use of a Computer-aided Diagnosis System in Screening for Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Alpérovitch A. , Fragu P. 
Published: March 2018

A computer-assisted program for diagnosing hyperthyroidism, specially devoted to the screening of functional thyroid status, has been written using data provided by 359 patients, 282 euthyroid and 77 hyperthyroid. The model is based on Bayes’ theorem.Using only 9 clinical signs and the free thyroxin index, the program achieved, on a test-sample of 117 new patients, an overall accuracy of 90% ; 10% of the cases were in the zone of uncertainty, and none was misdiagnosed.Different screening strategies are examined and their results discussed.
Statistical Problems in Monitoring Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Moussa M. A. A. 
Published: March 2018

This paper proposes a probabilistic basis for monitoring adverse reactions to drugs, with allowance for the heterogeneities and irregularities inevitable among spontaneously submitted reports. The model partitions the population of reports into subpopulations. Each subpopulation includes clusters, a cluster being defined as a homogeneous group of reports on one drug set from one subpopulation in unit time. Signals from clusters can be more informative than those obtainable from data aggregated over the whole population.Reports in one cluster on a particular event (drug-reaction association) are assumed to conform to a Bernoulli distribution, with a parameter varying between clusters of the same subpopulation according to a two-parameter beta distribution and a cluster size that follows a negative binomial distribution. The four parameters of the compound model are estimated by maximum likelihood. The one-sided numerical cumulative sum test (NCST) is proposed as a signalling procedure; its performance characteristics are studied by Monte Carlo sampling. Data from the UK Committee on Safety of Medicines are used in an example.
J 5 — A Data Processing System for Medical Information
Authors: Hall P. , Mellner Ch. , Danielsson T. 
Published: March 2018

A system for medical information has been developed. The system is a general and flexible one which without reprogramming or new programs can accept any alphabetic and/or numeric information. Coded concepts and natural language can be read, stored, decoded and written out. Medical records or parts of records (diagnosis, operations, therapy, laboratory tests, symptoms etc.) can be retrieved and selected. The system can process simple statistics but even make linear pattern recognition analysis.The system described has been used for in-patients, outpatients and individuals in health examinations.The use of computers in hospitals, health examinations or health care systems is a problem of storing information in a general and flexible form. This problem has been solved, and now it is possible to add new routines like booking and follow-up-systems.
Current Status of the World Health Card Systems
Authors: Takahashi T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe perspective of our health card project has progressively changed from that of a pilot within a local environment (hospital, practice, community, etc.) to a large and national dimension. The interest of the many actors involved in health cards (health care authorities, insurance companies, social security agencies, standardization bodies, manufacturers, system integrators, etc.) is focusing increasingly on the role that the health card may have as an enabling component within the global communication and information system that will interconnect all points of care and services in a national healthcare system.
Section 1: Health and Clinical Management: Leveraging Information Technology to Improve Quality and Safety
Authors: Bates D. W. , Einbinder J. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo examine five areas that we will be central to informatics research in the years to come: changing provider behavior and improving outcomes, secondary uses of clinical data, using health information technology to improve patient safety, personal health records, and clinical data exchange.Potential articles were identified through Medline and Internet searches and were selected for inclusion in this review by the authors.We review highlights from the literature in these areas over the past year, drawing attention to key points and opportunities for future work.Informatics may be a key tool for helping to improve patient care quality, safety, and efficiency. However, questions remain about how best to use existing technologies, deploy new ones, and to evaluate the effects. A great deal of research has been done on changing provider behavior, but most work to date has shown that process benefits are easier to achieve than outcomes benefits, especially for chronic diseases. Use of secondary data (data warehouses and disease registries) has enormous potential, though published research is scarce. It is now clear in most nations that one of the key tools for improving patient safety will be information technology— many more studies of different approaches are needed in this area. Finally, both personal health records and clinical data exchange appear to be potentially transformative developments, but much of the published research to date on these topics appears to be taking place in the U.S.— more research from other nations is needed.
Towards IMIA 2015 - the IMIA Strategic Plan
Authors: Lorenzi Nancy M. ,   (IMIA President 2004-2007)
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo report about the IMIA Strategic Plan ‘Towards IMIA 2015’.Starting in 2004 with a survey of member needs, expectations and wishes, an IMIA task force elaborated this plan. It has been updated by IMIA General Assembly members in 2005 and 2006.A Conceptual Framework for IMIA’s strategic plan has been elaborated. The IMIA Strategic Planning Framework stresses the following: (1) IMIA aims to improve biomedical research, clinical practice and public health (VISION); (2) IMIA aims to support investigation and development of advanced information systems and technologies (RESEARCH); (3) IMIA aims that its efforts are carried out in accordance with strict ethical and legal rules (BEHAVIORAL RESPONSIBILITY); (4) IMIA aims to promote education for and about biomedical informatics (EDUCATION); (5) IMIA aims to bridge relevant internal and external groups and organizations (RELATIONSHIP); (6) IMIA aims to incorporate multiple individuals, groups and organizations to constitute the IMIA Association. (REACH).IMIA plays a major global role in the application of information science and technology in the fields of healthcare and research in medical, health and bio informatics. This framework provides IMIA with an excellent opportunity to focus its plans to ensure the highest probability of success is possible.
Electronic Patient Records: Some Answers to the Data Representation and Reuse Challenges
Authors: Meystre S. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Patient Records
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of patient records.Synopsis of the papers selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2007.The Electronic Patient Record encompasses a broad field of research and development. Some current research topics were selected for this IMIA Yearbook: EHR representation and communication standards, and secondary uses of clinical data for research and decision support. Four excellent papers representing the research in those fields were selected for the Patient Records section.The best papers selected for this section focus on the analysis and comparison of two important clinical documents representation standards, on direct structured data entry, on the use of Natural Language Processing to detect adverse events, and on the development and evaluation of a clinical text corpus annotated for part-of-speech information.
Advances in Education and Consumer Health Informatics
Authors: Marschollek M. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Education and Consumer Informatics
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of education and consumer health informatics.Synopsis of the articles on education and consumer health informatics selected for the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2007.The consumer health informatics papers selected reflect the growing importance of communication and information retrieval systems in health care both for patients and professionals. Sound exemplary studies point out both the benefit for patients as well as the economic advantages of such systems. On the education sector, an intelligent tutoring system for medical students based on natural language dialogue serves as an example for the advancement and refinement of methods.The selected articles demonstrate the potential of advanced communication and information systems in health care. The physician-patient relationship though must not be affected by the introduction of these systems in order to ensure acceptance by both patients and physicians. Therefore these tools should be used in addition to current processes, and not as a replacement.
Section 2: Patient Records: Integrating Bioinformatics into Clinical Practice: Progress and Evaluation
Authors: Lang E. ,   Managing Editor for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Bioinformatics
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo summarize current excellent research in the field of bioinformatics.Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2007.Current research in the field of bioinformatics is characterized by careful evaluation of methods and by improved integration of methods into clinical workflows. Ongoing research on genetic causes of diseases is performed on more and better sources of reference data (genome sets and respective annotations), but is still hampered by insufficient, lacking or biased patient data. The application area of bioinformatics has been broadened, leading to amendment or even replacement of traditional methods in fields like characterization of microorganisms. Researchers carry out thorough statistical analyses in order to ensure quality and methodological correctness of new methods based on bioinformatic approaches which are more and more competitive compared to well-established techniques.The best paper selection of articles on bioinformatics shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning original development as well as quality assurance of previously reported studies. The crucial role of reliable and comprehensive data sources is affirmed, while technical development draws attention to the increasing problem of comparability of data derived some years ago with weaker equipment and those that are of up-to-date quality.
Care Provider Order Entry (CPOE): A Perspective on Factors Leading to Success or to Failure
Authors: Miller R. A. , Ozdas A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAuthors provide a perspective on factors leading to successful care provider order entry (CPOE) implementations.Viewpoint of authors supported by background literature review.Authors review both benefits and challenges related to CPOE implementation using three guiding principles: (1) a clinical approach to clinical systems, which claims that CPOE implementation is analogous to a “good” clinician delivering care to a patient; (2) a commitment to quality, which advocates that no compromises should be made in implementing system functionality and clinical system content – the highest objective for CPOE implementation is to provide better quality of care and increased safety for patients; (3) a commitment to fairness, as evidenced by respect for individuals and support of local autonomy, which advocates for minimizing disruptions to clinician-users’ workflows, and adequate local control over CPOE system design and evolution, including clinical content management.Past experiences with CPOE implementation can inform future installation attempts. Sociocultural factors dominate in determining the success of implementation, and should govern technical factors.
The Centre for Health Informatics at the University of New South Wales - a Clinical Informatics Research Centre
Authors: Magrabi F. , Sintchenko V. , Zrimec T. , McDonnell G. , Chung G. , Tsafnat G. , Coiera E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBuilding a sustainable health system in the 21st Century will require the reinvention of much of the present day system, and the intelligent use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to deliver high quality, safe, efficient and affordable health care. The Centre for Health Informatics (CHI) is Australia’s largest academic research group in this emerging discipline.Our research is underpinned by a planning process, based on different future scenarios for the health system, which helps us identify longer-term problems needing a sustained research effort. A research competency matrix is used to ensure that the Centre has the requisite core capabilities in the research methods and tools needed to pursue our research program.The Centre’s work is internationally recognized for its contributions in the development of intelligent search systems to support evidence-based healthcare, developing evaluation methodologies for ICT, and in understanding how communication shapes the safety and quality of health care delivery. Centre researchers also are working on safety models and standards for ICT in healthcare, mining complex gene micro array, medical literature and medical record data, building health system simulation methods to model the impact of health policy changes, and developing novel computational methods to automate the diagnosis of 3-D medical images.Any individual research group like CHI must necessarily focus on a few areas to allow it to develop sufficient research capacity to make novel and internationally significant contributions. As CHI approaches the end of its first decade, it is becoming clear that developing capacity becomes increasingly challenging as the research territory changes under our feet, and that the Centre will continue to evolve and shift its focus in the years to come.
IMIA – A 40 Year Organizational Overview*
Authors: Huesing S.A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo chronicle the history of IMIA, the International Medical Informatics Association, from 1967 to 2007.Describing the key events and accomplishments through the terms of office of its presidents.The IMIA of today has been shaped by the individuals within it. Those influencing and guiding IMIA from its origins to today include its national representatives, Board and Presidents, working group members, regional liaisons, and MedInfo attendees.
Medical Decision Support Systems in Africa
Authors: Bagayoko C. O. , Geissbuhler A. , Bediang G. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objective:
To present an overview of the current state of computerbased medical decision support systems in Africa in the areas of public health, patient care, and consumer support.

Methods:
Scientific and gray literature reviews complemented by expert interviews.

Results:
Various domains of decision support are developed and deployed in Sub-Saharan Africa: public health information systems, clinical decision-support systems, and patient-centred decisionsupport systems.

Conclusions:
Until recently, most of these systems have been deployed by international organizations without a real ownership policy entrusted to the African stakeholders. Many of these endeavours have remained or ceased at the experimentation stage. The multiplicity of organizations has led to the deployment of fragmented systems causing serious interoperability problems. In addition to basic infrastructures, these studies also highlight the importance of good organization, training and support, as key to the success and sustainability of these decision support systems.