bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage grass cultivation increases soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools in a karst region, southwest China
Authors: Li Dejun , Liu Jing , Chen Hao , Zheng Liang , Wen Li , Wang Kelin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhether conservation agriculture systems can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) pools remains unresolved. We measured SOC and TN pools in maize–soybean rotation fields and three types of conservation agriculture systems with mature forests being selected for comparison in southwest China's karst areas. The three types of conservation agriculture systems were fields of mulberry, forage grass, and sugarcane. The objective was mainly to evaluate whether replacement of maize–soybean fields by the other three types of agricultural fields would significantly increase SOC and TN pools. Across the 0–30 cm soil profile, SOC and TN pools were not significantly higher in the mulberry and sugarcane fields than in the maize–soybean fields (47.42 ± 6.34 Mg C ha−1 and 5.47 ± 0.49 Mg N ha−1). Nevertheless, SOC and TN pools in the forage grass fields (74.12 ± 5.30 Mg C ha−1 and 7.09 ± 0.41 Mg N ha−1) were higher by 56.3 and 29.4% relative to the maize–soybean fields, but were lower by 38.3% and 21.8% compared to the forests, respectively. Microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) concentrations varied in similar patterns as SOC and TN pools. The MBC:SOC and MBN:TN ratios were higher in the forage grass fields, suggesting increased soil organic matter quality compared to the other types of agricultural fields. Our findings suggest that whether conservation agriculture can enhance SOC and TN pools largely depends on crop type with forage grass cultivation being identified as an efficient solution to promote SOC and TN pools.
Photonic Monitoring of Atmospheric and Aquatic Fauna
Authors: Brydegaard Mikkel , Svanberg Sune 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlying insects are of utmost importance in ecology and for human living conditions. Certain species serve as indispensable pollinators to ensure the availability of food stuffs, while others are dangerous vectors for spreading deadly diseases, such as malaria. Agricultural pests reduce the yield of crops, and their abatement through pesticides cause many additional problems. Birds and bats are frequently carriers of diseases, which, especially for long‐distance migrants, cause serious consequences. Clearly, there is high motivation to be able to effectively identify and quantify flying fauna. Here, the emerging field of optics and laser‐based monitoring of flying fauna is reviewed with an emphasis on remote sensing based on pulsed and contineous wave (CW) lidar systems, and how they complement existing radar techniques. Furthermore, ground‐truth laboratory studies are covered. Wing‐beat and overtone spectra as well as reflectance, depolarization and fluorescence properties are studied. The aquatic environment is for many reasons less accessible for optical studies, but is clearly also of great importance. Phytoplankton constitute the start of the aquatic food chain, followed by zooplankton and a long chain of higher animals, including fish, an important part of the human food supply. Finally, how optical monitoring can complement sonar and sampling techniques is discussed.
Carbon Dioxide‐Switchable Chitosan/Polymer Composite Nanogels
Authors: He Naipu , Cao Qi , Wang Li , Chen Xiunan , Li Baiyu , Liu Zaiman 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2)‐switchable composite nanogels are composed of biopolymer chitosan (CS) and synthetic polymer poly [N‐(3‐(dimethylamino) propyl) methacrylamide] (PDMAPMA). CS/PDMAPMA composite nanogels (CPCNGs) are fabricated in the solution of chitosan by soap‐free emulsion polymerization using N‐(3‐[dimethylamino] propyl) methacrylamide (DMAPMA) as the monomer and N,N‐methylenebis (acrylamide) (BIS) as the cross‐linker. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results indicate that the nanogels are spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of about 50 nm. After purging with CO2, the original creamy‐white latex becomes a clear solution. While purging with N2, the clear solution is returned to the original latex state. Introduction of chitosan in nanogels remarkably enhances their CO2 sensitivity. In additional, the SEM results also suggest that phase transition behavior occurs through CO2 and N2 bubbling. The initial state of nanogels can be easily recovered by “washing off” the trigger gas with N2.
Reactive and Functional Nanoobjects by Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Le Dao , Keller Dominic , Delaittre Guillaume 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is becoming a standard technique for generating core–shell polymeric nanoparticles of various morphologies ranging from classic spheres to rods/fibers (“worm‐like”) and vesicles. After the initial quest for polymerization control in dispersed media, the focus of PISA research has drastically shifted, first to morphological control and now to the introduction of reactivity and functionality in order to generate useful materials. The present review is dedicated to the latter aspect. Reactivity is distinguished from functionality such as complexing, templating, and catalyzing. Approaches for either shell or core functionalization are also detailed separately.
MIBG Myocardial Scintigraphy Identifies Premotor PD/DLB During a Negative DAT Scan Period: Second Report
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Tateno Fuyuki , Aiba Yosuke , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Kishi Masahiko , Terada Hitoshi , Inaoka Tsutomu , Nakatsuka Tomoya , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesNeuroimaging markers for Parkinson's disease (PD)/dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) include dopamine transporter (DAT) scanning and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy. It is unknown which marker is useful to identify the premotor phase PD/DLB. We reported four patients who, during a negative DAT scan period, had a positive MIBG result that suggested premotor PD/DLB. Here we report 18 additional patients.MethodsThis study was a prospective cohort study. The recruiting period was five years; prospective follow‐up period, 5.5 ± 3.0 years; and a once a year (minimum) follow‐up visit. We recruited 745 referred subjects. The inclusion criteria were having at least one of the following known PD nonmotor features: (1) autonomic: postural hypotension (pure autonomic failure [PAF]), constipation, bladder dysfunction; (2) sleep: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD); and (3) cognitive: mild cognitive impairment or psychiatric symptoms. Also, the patient had to have undergone both DAT and MIBG tests.ResultsOnly 18 patients fulfilled these criteria. Their characteristics were: elderly (mean age 75.5 years), with long histories (onset 61.0 years; duration 14.5 years), and predominately male (14 men, four women). The patients' neurologic diagnoses were constipation/RBD in 10, constipation/RBD/PAF in six, and constipation/PAF in two. During the follow‐up period, seven patients developed PD or DLB. An abnormal MIBG result was noted in 94%, and an abnormal DAT result was noted in 56%.ConclusionsMIBG has the potential to be a useful marker during the DAT scan negative period to identify premotor PD/DLB, but further studies are needed.
Bioelectronics at graphene–biofilm interface: Schottky junction formation and capacitive transitions
Authors: Ray Sanhita , Sen Sayantani , Das Alakananda , Bose Anirban , Bhattacharyya Anirban , Das Avishek , Chattopadhyay Sanatan , Singha Shib Shankar , Singha Achintya , Patra Hirak K. , Dasgupta Anjan Kr. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have used an interface of bacterial community and graphene that may provide a platform for tunable bioelectronic components. Graphene nanoplatelets were immobilized by using the establishment process of photosynthetic, purple non‐sulphur biofilm. While immobilized on metallic electrodes, DC current–voltage plot exhibited symmetric threshold voltage which is indicative of both‐way Schottky diode formation. The biomaterial itself demonstrated presence of convergence points in capacitive spectra on frequency axis, when AC amplitude was varied. Incorporation of graphene disrupted such points of convergence and increased the photopigment content in biofilms in response to it. Limiting the carbon source was found to diminish and ultimately reverse this effect. In summary, cross‐talk between the surface electron cloud of two‐dimensional (2D) graphene and biofilm, growing on a 2D surface, can lead to smart hybrid materials, which in turn can be exploited as bioelectronic components.
AuNPs‐HRP microneedle biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide for organ preservation
Authors: Narayanan Jeyaraman S. , Slaughter Gymama 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe preservation of tissues and organs for transplantation has garnered considerable attention due to the oxidative stress that arises from the excess of reactive oxygen species produced upon the removal of an organ from its native environment. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)‐horseradish peroxidase (HRP) ultrasensitive microneedle biosensor is developed using a simple electrochemical method for the determination of H2O2. Tungsten microwire was homogenously modified with AuNPs via electrodeposition and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to form self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) for the immobilization of HRP. The prepared AuNPs‐MPA electrode exhibited high electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2. At an applied potential of −300 mV, the AuNPs‐HRP electrode yielded a linear ranges of 5 nM to 5 µM H2O2 (R = 0.999) and 1–5 mM H2O2 (R = 0.985) with a low detection limit of 800 pM and a sensitivity of 490.59 Ma/mM/cm2 on average as the result of the strong synergistic effect between HRP and AuNPs. Common interfering species such as ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, glucose and uric acid were effectively eliminated. In addition, the fabricated biosensor exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for the determination of H2O2 in real time from rat abdominal wall perfused with histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution.
Bending loss and propagation characterization of hollow pipe polymer terahertz waveguides
Authors: Wang Nan , Chang Tianying , Yang Ye , Zhang Jin , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Gao Lu , Cui Hong‐liang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigate the bending loss and propagation characterization of hollow pipe polymer terahertz waveguides, based on 3D electromagnetic simulation and systematic experiments. Bending loss and propagation attenuation of pipe waveguides are investigated for various core diameters and radius of curvature over a wide frequency range (100‐500 GHz). Our results indicate that waveguides with larger core diameters or larger radii of curvature suffer lower loss, with the lowest loss at or near anti‐resonant frequencies, with typical values such as attenuation constant of a straight Teflon waveguide as low as 0.29 m−1 with inner diameter 14 mm, outer diameter 16 mm; and minimal bending loss of 0.45 m−1 with a radius of curvature 50 cm and inner diameter 14 mm, outer diameter 16 mm. Based on the systematic experimental and simulation results, we propose and test a simple relationship that the propagation constant of curved waveguides may follow, which could serve as a design guide for fabrication of hollow pipe polymer waveguides for efficient and long‐distance transmission of terahertz electromagnetic radiation.
Hyperactivation and hypoactivation affective dysregulation symptoms are integral in complex posttraumatic stress disorder: Results from a nonclinical Israeli sample
Authors: Karatzias Thanos , Hyland Philip , Ben‐Ezra Menachem , Shevlin Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe current study sought to further assess the nature of the affect dysregulation (AD) cluster of the International Classification of Diseases‐11 (ICD‐11) proposal for complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in a nonclinical sample.MethodsAn online survey sample from Israel (n = 618) completed a disorder‐specific measure (International Trauma Questionnaire) of PTSD and CPTSD along with the Life Events Checklist and the World Health Organization Well‐Being Index.ResultsEstimated prevalence rates of PTSD and CPTSD were 9.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that AD symptoms are better conceived as two correlated dimensions of hyperactivation and hypoactivation symptoms. Latent class analysis results indicated that CPTSD was clearly distinguishable from PTSD. CPTSD class membership was associated with higher levels of traumatization and poorer psychological well‐being scores.ConclusionsFindings support the discriminant validity of the ICD‐11 proposals for PTSD and CPTSD in a nonclinical sample using a disorder‐specific measure. The results provide further evidence that the final symptom profile for CPTSD in ICD‐11 should model the AD cluster using both hyperactivation and hypoactivation symptoms.
Solid‐state NMR tools for the structural characterization of POSiSils: 29Si sensitivity improvement with MC‐CP and 2D 29Si–29Si DQ‐SQ at natural abundance
Authors: Smet Sam , Verlooy Pieter , Saïdi Fadila , Taulelle Francis , Martens Johan A. , Martineau‐Corcos Charlotte 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 1H–29Si multiple‐contact cross polarization (MC‐CP) MAS NMR experiment is evaluated for the class of silicate‐siloxane copolymers called POSiSils, that is, polyoligosiloxysilicones. It proves a reasonably good solution to tackle the challenge of recording quantitative 29Si NMR data in experimental time much reduced compared with single pulse acquisition. In a second time, we report 29Si–29Si MC‐CP double‐quantum single‐quantum (MC‐CP‐DQ‐SQ) NMR experiment, which provides information about the through‐space proximities between all silicon species despite the high degree of heterogeneity of this material. This work furthers the NMR tools for NMR crystallography for inorganic polymers, as it covers flexible polymers with different dimensionalities and long or heterogeneous relaxation characteristics at low 29Si natural abundance.
N‐vinylpyrrolidone copolymers decorated with silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Gorbunova Marina , Lemkina Larisa , Eroshenko Daria , Gileva Ksenya 
Published: October 2018

New silver nanocomposites (AgNCs) based on copolymers of N‐vinylpyrrolidone with N,N‐diallyl‐N′‐acetylhydrazine, poly (VP‐DAAH), and 3‐methacryloxytetrahydrothiophenedioxide‐1,1, poly (VP‐MTT), have been developed. The reduction of silver ions into silver nanoparticles was achieved using NaBH4 as reducing agent. UV‐spectroscopy, an atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the formation of silver nanoparticles in copolymers. The average silver particle size ranged from 12 to 13 nm, with the corresponding UV–vis absorption peak position at 400 to 410 nm. The AgNCs have exhibited significant cytotoxic activity towards rhabdomyosarcoma and melanoma line cells. The AgNC based on poly (VP‐MTT) completely inhibited bacterial growth, including both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria.
First transgenic trait for control of plant bugs and thrips in cotton
Authors: Akbar Waseem , Gowda Anilkumar , Ahrens Jeffrey E , Stelzer Jason W , Brown Robert S , Bollman Scott L , Greenplate John T , Gore Jeffrey , Catchot Angus L , Lorenz Gus , Stewart Scott D , Kerns David L , Greene Jeremy K , Toews Michael D , Herbert David A , Reisig Dominic D , Sword Gregory A , Ellsworth Peter C , Godfrey Larry D , Clark Thomas L 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant bugs (Lygus spp.) and thrips (Thrips spp.) are two of the most economically important insect pest groups impacting cotton production in the USA today, but are not controlled by current transgenic cotton varieties. Thus, seed or foliar‐applied chemical insecticides are typically required to protect cotton from these pest groups. Currently, these pests are resistant to several insecticides, resulting in fewer options for economically viable management. Previous publications documented the efficacy of transgenic cotton event MON 88702 against plant bugs and thrips in limited laboratory and field studies. Here, we report results from multi‐location and multi‐year field studies demonstrating efficacy provided by MON 88702 against various levels of these pests.RESULTSMON 88702 provided a significant reduction in numbers of Lygus nymphs and subsequent yield advantage. MON 88702 also had fewer thrips and minimal injury. The level of control demonstrated by this transgenic trait was significantly better compared with its non‐transgenic near‐isoline, DP393, receiving insecticides at current commercial rates.CONCLUSIONThe level of efficacy demonstrated here suggests that MON 88702, when incorporated into existing IPM programs, could become a valuable additional tool for management of Lygus and thrips in cotton agroecosystems experiencing challenges of resistance to existing chemical control strategies. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Diagnostic fragmentation filtering for the discovery of new chaetoglobosins and cytochalasins
Authors: Walsh Jacob P. , Renaud Justin B. , Hoogstra Shawn , McMullin David R. , Ibrahim Ashraf , Visagie Cobus M. , Tanney Joey B. , Yeung Ken K.‐C. , Sumarah Mark W. 
Published: October 2018

RationaleMicrobial natural products are often biosynthesized as classes of structurally related compounds that have similar tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Mining MS/MS datasets for precursor ions that share diagnostic or common features enables entire chemical classes to be identified, including novel derivatives that have previously been unreported. Analytical data analysis tools that can facilitate a class‐targeted approach to rapidly dereplicate known compounds and identify structural variants within complex matrices would be useful for the discovery of new natural products.MethodsA diagnostic fragmentation filtering (DFF) module was developed for MZmine to enable the efficient screening of MS/MS datasets for class‐specific product ions(s) and/or neutral loss(es). This approach was applied to series of the structurally related chaetoglobosin and cytochalasin classes of compounds. These were identified from the culture filtrates of three fungal genera: Chaetomium globosum, a putative new species of Penicillium (called here P. cf. discolor: closely related to P. discolor), and Xylaria sp. Extracts were subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis under positive electrospray ionization and operating in a data‐dependent acquisition mode, performed using a Thermo Q‐Exactive mass spectrometer. All MS/MS datasets were processed using the DFF module and screened for diagnostic product ions at m/z 130.0648 and 185.0704 for chaetoglobosins, and m/z 120.0808 and 146.0598 for cytochalasins.ResultsExtracts of C. globosum and P. cf. discolor strains revealed different mixtures of chaetoglobosins, whereas the Xylaria sp. produced only cytochalasins; none of the strains studied produced both classes of compounds. The dominant chaetoglobosins produced by both C. globosum and P. cf. discolor were chaetoglobosins A, C, and F. Tetrahydrochaetoglobosin A was identified from P. cf. discolor extracts and is reported here for the first time as a natural product. The major cytochalasins produced by the Xylaria sp. were cytochalasin D and epoxy cytochalasin D. A larger unknown “cytochalasin‐like” molecule with the molecular formula C38H47NO10 was detected from Xylaria sp. culture filtrate extracts and is a current target for isolation and structural characterization.ConclusionsDFF is an effective LC/MS data analysis approach for rapidly identifying entire classes of compounds from complex mixtures. DFF has proved useful in the identification of new natural products and allowing for their partial characterization without the need for isolation.
Determination of nitrogen isotopes on samples with tens of nmol of N using the combination of an elemental analyzer, a GasBench interface and an isotope ratio mass spectrometer: An evaluation of blank N contributions and blank‐correction
Authors: Cui Linlin , Wang Xu , Feng Lianjun 
Published: October 2018

RationaleThe combination of an Elemental Analyzer, a GasBench interface and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA‐GasBench‐IRMS system) is a promising method for the δ15N analysis of samples containing trace amounts of nitrogen (N). Nevertheless, N blanks, which are limiting factors for the accuracy and precision of measured δ15N values, have received little study. In this paper, a variety of N blank sources in the EA‐GasBench‐IRMS system were systematically evaluated in order to take effective measures to reduce the blank interference as much as possible.MethodsN‐Isotopic analysis was accomplished using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a sample loop and a GasBench interface. The N in the sample was converted into N2gas in the EA system, and then transferred and trapped in a sample loop with a deactivated stainless‐steel chromatography column packed with 5 A molecular sieve polymer at liquid nitrogen temperature (−196°C). Subsequently, the N2gas was released by warming the sample loop up to 100°C and introduced into the isotope ratio mass spectrometer via the GasBench interface. The N blank sources in the EA‐GasBench‐IRMS system were investigated systematically by looking at seven parts: (a) Helium carrier gas, (b) Autosampler, (c) CO2/water trap, (d) Size of reactor tube, (e) Sample collection time, (f) Oxygen gas, and (g) Capsules.ResultsThe N blanks are mainly derived from the helium carrier gas, atmospheric N2entrained into the system through the autosampler, and the N retained in the CO2/water trap filled with CO2absorbent and Mg(ClO4)2, which together can account for a total of ~507.3 nmol N. Through purifying the helium gas, modifying the autosampler and using a cryogenic trap, we reduced the N blank considerably, to ~10.7 nmol, and obtained a nearly uniform isotopic composition (δ15NBlank = −4.54 ± 0.36‰ AIR,n = 32, 1SD) of blank N thus guaranteeing a reliable correction.ConclusionsMeasurements on a set of IAEA‐N1, IAEA‐600 and collagen standards with 40 nmol–200 nmol N produced accurate δ15N values with standard deviation of ±0.26‰, ±0.22‰ and ± 0.23‰ (1σ) after blank correction, respectively. Our findings offer clues to optimizing the analytical method for trace N isotopic determination and they are also beneficial to improving δ15N measurement using conventional EA‐IRMS.