bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garnet composition as an indicator of skarn formation: LA‐ICP‐MS and EPMA studies on oscillatory zoned garnets from the Haobugao skarn deposit, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Fan Xiejun , Wang Xiangdong , Lü Xinbiao , Wei Wei , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2018

Oscillatory zoned garnets are widespread in the Haobugao skarn‐type copper–lead–zinc–iron polymetallic deposit, and they can record garnet growing process in the early stages of metallogenesis. In order to investigate the skarn‐forming process and hydrothermal fluid evolution of the Haobugao deposit, major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) contents of oscillatory zoned garnets were analysed by electron probe microscope analysis (EPMA) and laser‐ablation inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) techniques. Three distinct generations of garnets were identified: the first generation garnets (Grt I) are Fe‐rich, euhedral, fine‐ to coarse‐grained, isotropic, show characteristic concentric oscillatory zoning, and have light rare earth element (LREE)‐enriched and heavy rare earth element (HREE)‐depleted REE patterns, with strong positive Eu anomalies and low ΣREE concentrations. The second generation garnets (Grt II) are Al‐rich, anhedral to subhedral, anisotropic, with abundant oscillatory zoning alone the growth lines, and have LREE‐depleted and HREE‐enriched REE patterns, with negligible Eu anomalies and relatively higher ΣREE concentrations. The third generation garnets (Grt III) are anhedral, anisotropic and generally occurred at the rim of pre‐existing Grt I or beside fractures that cut through the pre‐existing Grt I crystals. All these three generations garnets show oscillatory zoning under an optical microscope and have different compositions from each other, but there's limited chemical zoning (such as bell‐shaped zoning of major elements) in each individual garnet crystal.The texture and composition characteristics of the garnets indicate that the Grt I is precipitated rapidly from high temperature and oxidized magmatic fluids by advective metasomatism, in a high water/rock ratio condition; the Grt II is precipitated from low temperature residual fluids that were in equilibrium with the host rock by diffusive metasomatism, in a low water/rock ratio condition; and the Grt III is formed by retrograde hydrothermal‐metasomatic alteration of pre‐existing garnets. The incorporation of REE into garnet is controlled by its crystal chemistry and fluid composition, dominated by the YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet) ‐type substitution mechanism
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Intrinsic connectivity network dynamics in PTSD during amygdala downregulation using real‐time fMRI neurofeedback: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Nicholson Andrew A. , Rabellino Daniela , Densmore Maria , Frewen Paul A. , Paret Christian , Kluetsch Rosemarie , Schmahl Christian , Théberge Jean , Ros Tomas , Neufeld Richard W. J. , McKinnon Margaret C. , Reiss Jeffrey P. , Jetly Rakesh , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with a disturbance in neural intrinsic connectivity networks (ICN), including the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). Here, we conducted a preliminary investigation examining potential changes in ICN recruitment as a function of real‐time fMRI neurofeedback (rt‐fMRI‐NFB) during symptom provocation where we targeted the downregulation of neural response within the amygdala—a key region‐of‐interest in PTSD neuropathophysiology. Patients with PTSD (n = 14) completed three sessions of rt‐fMRI‐NFB with the following conditions: (a) regulate: decrease activation in the amygdala while processing personalized trauma words; (b) view: process trauma words while not attempting to regulate the amygdala; and (c) neutral: process neutral words. We found that recruitment of the left CEN increased over neurofeedback runs during the regulate condition, a finding supported by increased dlPFC activation during the regulate as compared to the view condition. In contrast, DMN task‐negative recruitment was stable during neurofeedback runs, albeit was the highest during view conditions and increased (normalized) during rest periods. Critically, SN recruitment was high for both the regulate and the view conditions, a finding potentially indicative of CEN modality switching, adaptive learning, and increasing threat/defense processing in PTSD. In conclusion, this study provides provocative, preliminary evidence that downregulation of the amygdala using rt‐fMRI‐NFB in PTSD is associated with dynamic changes in ICN, an effect similar to those observed using EEG modalities of neurofeedback.
Barriers to price convergence
Authors: Glushenkova Marina , Kourtellos Andros , Zachariadis Marios 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper uncovers novel empirical patterns in the cross‐country price mechanism using a nonlinear factor model and threshold regression analysis based on individual goods retail price data for a large panel of countries. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to find strong evidence for club convergence of retail prices. These clubs emerge due to the interaction of traded and nontraded factors. For example, countries physically closer to potential trade partners converge faster than countries in the high distance regime as long as they have low initial labor productivity or low initial income. Moreover, we find an asymmetry in the extent that arbitrage opportunities related to international trade are exploited, with low initial price regime countries exhibiting faster convergence from below than high initial price regime countries exhibit from above, consistent with less resistance to exporting than to importing due to political economy considerations. We interpret our findings as evidence of a local law of one price due to barriers to price convergence influencing the duration of the effect of price shocks.
Upregulation of miR‐874‐3p and miR‐874‐5p inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer malignancy via SIK2
Authors: Xia Bairong , Lin Mei , Dong Wei , Chen Hong , Li Bing , Zhang Xiaye , Hou Yan , Lou Ge 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBased on miR‐874 expression levels in the GSE47841 microarray, we hypothesized that the mature products of miR‐874, miR‐874‐3p, or miR‐874‐5p, would inhibit epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We first examined miR‐874‐3p and miR‐874‐5p expression levels in primary EOC tumor tissue samples and found that they were significantly decreased. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation and transwell assays revealed that miR‐874‐3p and miR‐874‐5p significantly inhibit EOC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Then, using MTT and soft agar assays of paclitaxel‐treated Caov3 and SKOV3 cells transfected with miR‐874‐3p and miR‐874‐5p, we found that miR‐874‐3p and miR‐874‐5p enhance EOC cell chemosensitivity. We then confirmed that serine/threonine‐protein kinase 2 (SIK2) was a target gene of miR‐874‐3p and miR‐874‐5p. Overall, the results of this study indicate that SIK2 expression can serve as a prognostic biomarker for EOC and that miR‐874‐3p and miR‐874‐5p have the potential to enhance clinical treatment of EOC.
Dynamics of Dof domain‐DNA interaction in wheat: Insights from atomistic simulations and free energy landscape
Authors: Pandey Bharati , Grover Abhinav , Sharma Pradeep 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDNA‐binding one zinc finger protein (Dof) is a plant‐specific transcription factor involved in numerous biological processes. In the current study, the plausible mechanism underlying Dof domain‐DNA interaction in wheat was investigated using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations analysis. We depicted that one key residue Lys29, possessing the ability to disturb the interaction between Dof domain‐DNA upon substitution to Arg29. Frequent conformational changes were observed in Lys29Arg (K29R)‐DNA complex during the entire MD simulation period, which significantly altered the interactions, thereby indicating the importance of Lys29 in complex stability. Principal component analysis and free energy landscape results also suggested strong affinity between wild‐type Dof domain and DNA due to restricted atomic movement. Our study not only substantiates the structural and mechanistic insights of Dof transcription factor but also provides new avenues toward employment of these key amino acid residues in genetic engineering for development of abiotic stress tolerance crop plant.
Inhibition of transcription factor SP1 produces neuroprotective effects through decreasing MAO B activity in MPTP/MPP+ Parkinson's disease models
Authors: Yao Lu , Dai Xing , Sun Yina , Wang Yong , Yang Qian , Chen Xinlin , Liu Yong , Zhang Li , Xie Wen , Liu Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMonoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibitors, which inhibit dopamine decomposition by antagonizing MAO B activity, are approved and widely used for clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonetheless, the mechanism of the abnormally increased MAO B activity in PD is still unclear. Previous research showed transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) directly regulates MAO B activity by binding the SP1 binding sequence in MAO B promoter. In our study, we first observed that the SP1 protein level and SP1 binding activity in the MAO B promoter were increased in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) neurotoxin‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells. Inhibition of SP1 by pretreatment with SP1 inhibitor mithramycin A (MMA) attenuated the abnormal increase in SP1 binding activity and the MAO B protein level to basal levels. Then, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SP1 inhibition. In SH‐SY5Y cell models of PD, preincubation with MMA or knockdown by SP1‐specific small interfering RNA showed potent protection against MPP+‐induced apoptosis via SP1. In a male C57BL/6 mouse model of PD, MAO B activity and MPP+ concentrations in mouse brain following injection of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were increased, whereas the elevated MAO B activity was decreased after pre‐injection of MMA. Moreover, MMA ameliorated MPTP‐induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and mouse behavioral impairments. Altogether, our study suggests that SP1 is a principal factor regulating increases in MAO B activity, and SP1 inhibition produces neuroprotective effects in PD models through decreases in MAO B activity, which may be a new neuroprotective therapeutic strategy for PD treatment.
Divergent and Convergent Group Creativity in an Asynchronous Online Environment
Authors: Coursey Lauren E. , Williams Belinda C. , Kenworthy Jared B. , Paulus Paul B. , Doboli Simona 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study examined the influence of various group diversity dimensions on collaborative creativity related to the healthcare system. Research findings on the association between diversity and brainstorming performance has been mixed. Diversity that increases cognitive stimulation or promotes elaboration has been shown to increase group performance. Participants exchanged ideas, replied, and elaborated using an electronic discussion board in an asynchronous fashion in groups of five over a period of 4 weeks. The groups varied in diversity of ethnicity, gender, age, and political orientation, but participants were not made aware of this diversity. Age and gender diversity were related to lower levels of replying to ideas and lower idea novelty but political diversity was related to increased replies and novelty. If a topic engages people with different perspectives to actively respond to others’ ideas, this can increase the creative potential of idea sharing in groups. Political or value‐based diversity has the potential for creative solutions if the other participants’ political or value‐based identities are not made salient.
Impact of cold soak duration on Cabernet Sauvignon fermentation and phenolic composition
Authors: Lerno Larry A , Panprivech Siriwan , Ponangi Ravi , Brenneman Charles A , Block David E , Oberholster Anita 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCold soak is a prefermentative maceration technique believed to enhance grape skin extraction. Studies show variable results depending on cold soak and winemaking conditions. To investigate the effect of cold soak more fully, systematic and highly reproducible Cabernet Sauvignon fermentations with increasing cold‐soak durations were performed.RESULTSPhenolic extraction during cold soak and fermentation showed significant differences among all treatments for monitored phenolics at the end of the cold soak. At the end of alcoholic fermentation only gallic acid, (−)‐epicatechin, and the flavonols were significant, and only (−)‐epicatechin was significant after bottle ageing. Descriptive analysis of the bottled wines showed that the 4‐ and 7‐day treatments were significantly higher in caramelized/vanilla/browned flavor compared to the 1‐day treatment and lower levels of bitterness were observed up to 2 days of cold soak. While oligosaccharide content increased with increasing cold‐soak duration, differences were not large enough to result in sensory differences.CONCLUSIONWhile increased cold soak duration led to differences in phenolic extraction during early fermentation, these differences did not last through to the end product. Thus, under the conditions of this study, cold‐soak duration had little overall impact on Cabernet Sauvignon wine composition and style. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermal and functional characteristics of defatted bovine heart using supercritical CO2 and organic solvent
Authors: Rahman M Shafiur , Gul Khalid , Yang Han‐Sul , Chun Jiyeon , Kerr William L , Choi Sung‐Gil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumer demand for low‐fat foods has been increasing as a result of attempts to reduce obesity and chronic diseases. Bovine heart was defatted using supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2) at different pressures together with solvent extraction to produce a protein‐based functional ingredient for low‐fat food products. Thermal and functional characteristics of control and defatted samples were compared.RESULTSSupercritical CO2 treatment at high pressure results in more removal of fat, producing a protein‐rich defatted bovine heart (DBH). The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms and SDS‐PAGE bands for SC‐CO2‐treated DBHs were similar to those of the control sample, indicating high protein stability and better functionality. Hexane‐treated DBH showed no major thermal peaks and very diffuse bands in SDS‐PAGE, indicating denaturation of proteins during solvent extraction. No denaturation of proteins in SC‐CO2‐treated DBHs resulted in significantly higher water/oil absorption capacities (3320.00 and 2630.00 g kg−1, respectively), total soluble solids (822.20 and 208.71 g kg−1 at pH 3.5 and 6.5, respectively), foaming capacities (149.37%), and emulsion activity (66.89%) than the hexane‐treated DBH.CONCLUSIONSupercritical CO2 treatment of DBH led to higher thermal stability and functional properties than the control and hexane‐treated DBH. Defatted bovine heart using SC‐CO2 can be a functional ingredient for various low‐fat and high‐protein food products for health‐conscious consumers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of biosurfactant extract obtained from the corn‐milling industry on probiotic bacteria in drinkable yogurt
Authors: López‐Prieto Alejandro , Rodríguez‐López Lorena , Rincón‐Fontán Myriam , Moldes Ana B , Cruz José M 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies have proven that biosurfactants (BS) obtained from controlled fermentation have shown surfactant and antimicrobial properties. In this work a biosurfactant extract obtained from a raw agroindustrial stream from the corn‐milling industry was introduced into a drinkable probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus casei.RESULTSThe effect of the biosurfactant extract on the probiotic population was determined under different biosurfactant concentration, temperature, and time conditions. This extract was able to reduce the surface tension of water by 30 mN/m and it was observed that its addition to a drinkable probiotic yogurt did not negatively affect the biomass of L. casei during incubation. It also had a positive effect on the population of L. casei, increasing the growth of the probiotic bacterium in the yogurt under optimum temperature conditions for the growth of L. casei, in the range of 30–40 °C. Likewise, the biosurfactant extract did not modify the homofermentative pathway of L. casei; hence no acetic acid was detected in the presence of the biosurfactant extract in the drinkable yogurt.CONCLUSIONThis is the first time that a biosurfactant extract, obtained from natural sources, has been introduced into a food product like a drinkable probiotic yogurt, producing a positive effect in the growth of probiotic bacterium. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Particulate matter flux interception in oceanic mesoscale eddies by the polychaete Poeobius sp.
Authors: Christiansen Svenja , Hoving Henk‐Jan , Schütte Florian , Hauss Helena , Karstensen Johannes , Körtzinger Arne , Schröder Simon‐Martin , Stemmann Lars , Christiansen Bernd , Picheral Marc , Brandt Peter , Robison Bruce , Koch Reinhard , Kiko Rainer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton hold key functions in the ocean and have been shown to significantly influence the transport of organic carbon to the deep sea. We discovered a gelatinous, flux‐feeding polychaete of the genus Poeobius in very high abundances in a mesoscale eddy in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, where it co‐occurred with extremely low particle concentrations. Subsequent analysis of an extensive in situ imaging dataset revealed that Poeobius sp. occurred sporadically between 5°S–20°N and 16°W–46°W in the upper 1000 m. Abundances were significantly elevated and the depth distribution compressed in anticyclonic modewater eddies (ACMEs). In two ACMEs, high Poeobius sp. abundances were associated with strongly reduced particle concentrations and fluxes in the layers directly below the polychaete. We discuss possible reasons for the elevated abundances of Poeobius sp. in ACMEs and provide estimations showing that a single zooplankton species can completely intercept the downward particle flux by feeding with their mucous nets, thereby substantially altering the biogeochemical setting within the eddy.
Lake morphometry moderates the relationship between water color and fish biomass in small boreal lakes
Authors: Seekell David A. , Byström Pär , Karlsson Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLake morphometry may moderate the effects of water color on fish biomass in boreal lakes, but empirical evidence is scarce because there are a limited number of lakes for which both water color and bathymetry have been measured. We evaluated variations in catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE), an indicator of fish biomass, across orthogonal gradients of light extinction and mean depth in 16 small Swedish lakes (mean depth 1.7–4.8 m, surface area 1–10 ha). Multiple regression coefficients indicated that the effect of light extinction on CPUE was negative, and that the relationship was more negative for deeper lakes than it was for shallower lakes. The pattern was strongest for lakes with mean depths between 2.1 m and 3.5 m. We estimated that 26% of small lakes in boreal Sweden fall within this mean depth range. These results contribute to the growing understanding of how variations in water color and lake morphometry influence patterns of fish biomass across the boreal landscape.
Recent ecological change in ancient lakes
Authors: Hampton Stephanie E. , McGowan Suzanne , Ozersky Ted , Virdis Salvatore G. P. , Vu Tuong Thuy , Spanbauer Trisha L. , Kraemer Benjamin M. , Swann George , Mackay Anson W. , Powers Stephen M. , Meyer Michael F. , Labou Stephanie G. , O'Reilly Catherine M. , DiCarlo Morgan , Galloway Aaron W. E. , Fritz Sherilyn C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAncient lakes are among the best archivists of past environmental change, having experienced more than one full glacial cycle, a wide range of climatic conditions, tectonic events, and long association with human settlements. These lakes not only record long histories of environmental variation and human activity in their sediments, but also harbor very high levels of biodiversity and endemism. Yet, ancient lakes are faced with a familiar suite of anthropogenic threats, which may degrade the unusual properties that make them especially valuable to science and society. In all ancient lakes for which data exist, significant warming of surface waters has occurred, with a broad range of consequences. Eutrophication threatens both native species assemblages and regional economies reliant on clean surface water, fisheries, and tourism. Where sewage contributes nutrients and heavy metals, one can anticipate the occurrence of less understood emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and microplastics that negatively affect lake biota and water quality. Human populations continue to increase in most of the ancient lakes’ watersheds, which will exacerbate these concerns. Further, human alterations of hydrology, including those produced through climate change, have altered lake levels. Co‐occurring with these impacts have been intentional and unintentional species introductions, altering biodiversity. Given that the distinctive character of each ancient lake is strongly linked to age, there may be few options to remediate losses of species or other ecosystem damage associated with modern ecological change, heightening the imperative for understanding these systems.
Turbulence in a small arctic pond
Authors: MacIntyre Sally , Crowe Adam. T. , Cortés Alicia , Arneborg Lars 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSmall ponds, numerous throughout the Arctic, are often supersaturated with climate‐forcing trace gases. Improving estimates of emissions requires quantifying (1) their mixing dynamics and (2) near‐surface turbulence which would enable emissions. To this end, we instrumented an arctic pond (510 m2, 1 m deep) with a meteorological station, a thermistor array, and a vertically oriented acoustic Doppler velocimeter. We contrasted measured turbulence, as the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, ε, with values predicted from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) based on wind shear as u*w, the water friction velocity, and buoyancy flux, β, under cooling. Stratification varied over diel cycles; the thermocline upwelled as winds changed allowing ventilation of near‐bottom water. Near‐surface temperature stratification was up to 7°C per meter. With respect to predictions from MOST: (1) With positive β under heating and strong near‐surface stratification, turbulence was suppressed; (2) under heating with moderate stratification and under cooling with light to moderate winds, measured ε was in agreement with MOST; (3) under cooling with no wind and when surface currents had ceased, as occurred 20% of the time, turbulence was measurable and predicted from β. Near‐surface turbulence was enhanced under cooling and light winds relative to that under a neutral atmosphere due to higher values of drag coefficients under unstable atmospheres. Small ponds are dynamic systems with wind‐induced thermocline tilting enabling vertical exchanges. Near‐surface turbulence, similar to that in larger systems, can be computed from surface meteorology enabling accurate estimates of gas transfer coefficients and emissions.