bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologically Influenced Corrosion of Stainless Steel Welds by Water
Authors: Jenkins C. F. , Doman D. L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Corrosion in a closed-loop cooling water system constructed of austenitic stainless steel occurred during an extended lay up of the system with biologically contaminated water. The characteristics of the failure were those of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The corrosion occurred at welds and consisted of large subsurface void formations with pinhole penetrations of the surfaces. Corrosive attack initiated in the heat affected zones of the welds, usually immediately adjacent to fusion lines. Stepwise grinding, polishing, and etching through the affected areas revealed that voids generally grew in the wrought material by uniform general corrosion. Tunneling or worm-holing was also observed, whereby void extension occurred by initiating daughter voids probably at flaws or other inhomogeneities. Selective attack occurred within the fusion zone, i.e., within the cast two-phase structure of the weld filler itself. The result was a void wall which consisted of a rough and porous ferritic material, a consequence of preferential attack of the austenitic phase and slightly lower rate of corrosive attack of the ferrite phase. The three-dimensional spongy surface was studied optically and with the scanning electron microscope.
Stress Cracks in Brass Pipe Couplings
Authors: Kuhn Karin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Brass pipe couplings submitted for examination were deep-drawn from disks then annealed and subsequently cold threaded. Chemical analysis confirmed that the specified alloy Ms 63 was used for fabrication. Some of the pipe already showed fine cracks prior to their installation. In most cases however the cracks were detected after a certain period of operation. The intercrystalline course of the cracks indicated stress-cracking as it often appears in brass after heavier cold deformation. The splitting of the couplings could have been avoided by a tempering heat treatment at temperatures between 230 and 300 deg C after rolling the threads. This procedure would have reduced the internal stresses while maintaining strengthening gained by the cold deformation.
Cracked Pipe Elbow of a Hydraulic Installation
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An elbow of 70 mm OD and 10 mm wall thickness made from St 35.29, and exposed to 315 atmospheres internal pressure in an oil hydraulic shear installation, cracked lengthwise after a short operating period. Because the stress was not sufficient to explain the fracture of this elbow under this pressure, an investigation was conducted to establish whether material or processing errors had occurred. Microscopic examination showed that a ferritic-pearlitic structure in select locations was very fine-grained. Other signs of fast cooling as compared to normally formed structure of the core zone were noted. It was also possible that the pipe was resting on a cold plate during bending or that it came in touch with a cold tool. This apparently caused the strains at the transition to the cross-sectional part that had been cooled more slowly. The location of the crack at just this point gave rise to the conclusion that it was formed either by the sole or contributive effect of these stresses.
Hydrogen Embrittled Hydraulic Cylinders
Authors: Myron Stuart M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two types of chromium-plated hydraulic cylinders failed by cracking on their outer surfaces. In one case, the parts had a history of cracking in the nominally unstressed, as-fabricated condition. In another, cracks were detected after the cylinders were subjected to a pressure impulse test. Both part types were made of 15-5 PH (UNS S15500) precipitation hardening stainless steel. Hydrogen embrittlement cracking was the likely cause of failure for both part types. Cracking of the as-fabricated parts was ultimately prevented by changing the manufacturing procedure to allow for a reheat treatment. For parts that cracked after pressure testing, excessive dimensional changes precluded the inclusion of a reheat treatment as a manufacturing step, and further failure was averted by carefully employing proper machining practices, avoiding abusive machining.
Steel Hardenability and Failure Analysis
Authors: Miller Brett A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Hardenability evaluation is typically applied to heat treatment process control, but can also augment standard metallurgical failure analysis techniques for steel components. A comprehensive understanding of steel hardenability is an essential complement to the skills of the metallurgical failure analyst. The empirical information supplied by hardenability analysis can provide additional processing and service insight to the investigator. The intent of this paper is to describe some applications of steel thermal response concepts in failure analysis, and several case studies are included to illustrate these applications.
Hydrogen Induced Cracking of a Tappet Adjusting Screw
Authors: Krishna B.V. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The electroplated tappet adjusting screws used in diesel engines failed during initial bend testing. The analysis of the failure showed that the fracture was nucleated from the subsurface of the screw. The fracture surface was intergranular at the ID and OD region and microvoid coalescence in the center. The improper baking after electroplating of the screw led to H2-induced blistering/cracking. The high strength of the threaded region of the adjusting screw increased the failure propensity.
Analysis of Porosity Associated with Hanford 3013 Outer Container Welds
Authors: Daugherty W.L. , Cannell G.R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An unacceptable degree of porosity was identified in several closure welds on stainless steel containers for plutonium-bearing materials. The pores developed in the weld tie-in region due to gas trapped by the weld pool during the closure process. This paper describes the efforts to trace the root cause of the porosity to the geometric conditions of the weld joint and establish corrective actions to minimize such porosity.
On-Site Nondestructive Metallographic Examination of Materials
Authors: Simmons John W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nondestructive metallographic examination of materials frequently must be performed on-site when the component in question cannot be moved or destructively examined. Often, it is imperative that specific microstructural information (i.e., material type, heat treatment condition, homogeneity, etc.) be obtained either before initial use of a component, or before the use of a component can be safely resumed. In this paper, the use of standard metallurgical laboratory equipment, and the procedures required to conduct nondestructive on-site metallographic analyses of engineering materials, is presented. As an example, the materials and metallographic techniques employed in an actual on-site investigation of a gas tungsten-arc weldment joining two large diameter Ti-6Al-4V alloy cylinders are discussed in depth to illustrate what can be accomplished.
Failure of a Press
Authors: Craft C. Howard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An automatic press for making burlap bags had been used for several years. The press failed after being shipped by truck for a distance of about 400 mi. The objective was to determine whether failure occurred during or before shipment. The large piece which broke off the press included a section of the ways and a heavy adjustable mechanism which normally rides on these ways. The weight of the broken section was estimated at several hundred pounds. There was no support for the broken piece beyond the point of breakage. The material was a commercial cast iron, and the largest proportion of the fracture area was fresh and bright. It was concluded that this was a fresh fracture which occurred during shipment, and the crack itself was not present prior to shipment. The fact that a material defect of some sort was present and probably determined the location of the crack was apparently not significant as far as its usage was concerned. The failure could have been avoided by providing support underneath the overhanging member.
Failure of a Flange from a High Pressure Feeder Plant
Authors: Kosec Ladislav , Vodopivec Franc , Wolf Bogomir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The flanged bearing bush carrying the drive shaft of a feed pump suddenly fractured after about two years of service. The chemical composition was normal for high chromium ledeburitic cast steel, which was corrosion and wear resistant as well as refractory. For unknown reasons the rotating shaft came into direct contact with the flange. Mechanical friction caused a rise in temperature on both contact surfaces. This mutual contact lasted long enough for the temperature in the contact zone to exceed 1200 deg C, at which the flange material became softened or molten. As a result, considerable structural changes took place on the inner wall of the flange. Thermal stresses and excessive mechanical loads due to smearing of the flange material then led to fracture of the flange.
Failure Analysis of Gas Turbine Engine Fuel Nozzle Heat Shields
Authors: Binard S.C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
New type 321 corrosion-resistant steel heat shields were cracking during welding operations. A failure analysis was performed. The cause was found to be chloride induced stress-corrosion cracking. Packaging was suspected and confirmed to be the cause of the chloride contamination. A contributing factor was the length of time spent in the packaging, 21 years.
Shear Band Failures in Threaded Titanium Alloy Fasteners
Authors: Hopple George 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Failure analysis was performed on threaded Ti-6Al-4V fasteners that had fractured in the threads during installation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical metallography revealed that the fractures initiated in circumferential shear bands present at the thread roots. The fractures propagated by microvoid coalescence typical of that observed in notched tensile specimen fractures of the same material. For comparison, Ti-6Al-4V fasteners from various commercial sources were tested to failure in uniaxial tension and examined in the SEM. In all cases, the fracture appearances were similar to that exhibited by the fasteners that failed during installation. In addition, results of optical microscopy indicated that the geometry and extent of the shear bands appeared to depend on the fabrication process employed by the individual manufacturers. Causes of shear band formation are discussed along with potential methods to eliminate these microstructural in homogeneities.
Bella Akhmadulina and the Sixtiers: Contacts, contexts, and poems
Authors: Bokarev A. S. , Kuchina T. G. 
Published: May 2019

The article offers a close look at Bella Akhmadulina’s poetic dedications to her contemporaries: A. Akhmatova, B. Pasternak, A. Bitov, V. Vysotsky, A. Kushner, and B. Okudzhava. The scholars employ two methods: a bibliographical and a philological one. The former helps to reconstruct the context for Akhmadulina’s interactions with her predecessors and her Sixtiers peers, while the latter, applied to her texts, shows the way in which the dedicatee’s personality and their ties to Moscow or St. Petersburg determine the poem’s metaphors and intonation. A detailed analysis of her dedications to friends and older poets reveals customized, dedicatee-driven communication strategies, as well as invariant features of the poetic dialogue between Akhmadulina and a whole of Russian literature.
‘Injin gifts’: Interracial exchange and the image of the white avenger in frontier fiction
Authors: Urakova A. P. 
Published: May 2019

The essay focuses on the so called ‘Injin gifts’ – a racialist notion that James Fenimore Cooper attributed to his famous frontier hero Natty Bumppo in The Deerslayer (1841). While implying that certain traits of character, as for example vengefulness, was God’s ‘gift’ to the indigenous people, this notion also paradoxically questions the racial boundaries. The ‘gifts’ are both vertical (bestowed by God) and horizontal (liable to exchange) as Cooper’s novel demonstrates. To support this argument, the essay discusses the plot of racial violence and frontier war in the work of Cooper’s contemporaries – James Hall and Robert Montgomery Bird. Both authors introduce a new cultural hero – a white character who kills indigenous people out of revenge. While revenge is justified as an act of counter-violence, it also threatens to blur the racial boundaries since white characters put on the traits and share the spirit of their antagonists. This is especially evident in Bird’s novel Nick of the Woods (1837): Bird’s racist discourse, paradoxically and unwillingly, turns against itself as his white character Nathan Slaughter engaged in the potlatch-like exchange of violence and deaths, ‘mirrors’ the indigenous Americans he is trying to destroy.
O. Kornienko. Play-element poetics in literature
Authors: Kormilov S. I. 
Published: May 2019

The author of the book review argues that, contrary to I. Huizinga’s belief, the play mode of 20th c. literature, especially in its earliest and latest periods, is more pronounced. Russian literature, including its non-official variety, is compared with its foreign peers, starting from antiquity (visual poetry). Along with wide-spread play-elements, the author singles out fairly uncommon ones: to illustrate the use of a lipogram, she references G. Perec’s novel La Disparition (1969), whose 300 pages are written without using the letter e, the most common letter in French. She also follows numerous remarkable features of national or ethnic mentalities reflected in speech. The author describes the principles of encoding, common-usage interpretations, text reductions and thickenings, volume restrictions, etc. She pays special attention to the interaction of literature with non-verbal artistic techniques, especially its synthesis with painting (and more broadly, with images) and music. The book gives examples of the Internet penetrating the system of literary genres.
A poet of oxymora. Sergey Gandlevsky
Authors: Safronova E. V. 
Published: May 2019

The article is concerned with the works of S. Gandlevsky and analyzes his selected poems collection Rust and Yellowness [Rzhavchina i zheltizna] (2017). Quoting and conducting an ‘image-by-image’ and ‘plot-by-plot’ examination of Gandlevsky’s best known poems (including ‘To find a job at a motor pool’ [‘Ustroitsya na avtobazu…’], ‘On the Death of I. B.’ [‘Na smert’ I. B.’], ‘Something about the jail and separation…’ [‘Chto-nibud’ o tyurme i razluke…’], etc.), the author summarizes the basis of his poetics: the generous use of cento, oxymoron, a plot that centres around a lyrical hero, a ballad-like quality, as well as a combination of the highbrow and the vulgar, and of the classical and the profane in vocabulary and semantics. Without claiming to have discovered something new about the poet, the article provides a valuable summary, a digest of the main reviews of his work and a critical essence of the key motifs of Gandlevsky’s prose and poetry contributing to Moscow text in Russian literature. In addition, Safronova tries to establish the place occupied by the poetics of the Moscow Time [Moskovskoe Vremya] group in general, and its star member Gandlevsky in particular, with today’s readership.
The Relation Between Scouting and Character Education in The Context of “The Book of The Wolf Puppies” Published In The Journal “Çocuk Dünyasi”
Authors: Demir Gönül Türkan 
Published: May 2019

In the globalizing world, the success of each nation in transferring the values of its culture to the new generations is directly related to the continuation of their culture. Both international and national studies include findings regarding character education in the family and at school, the cause of which is that the new generation has the desired character characteristics and assimilate the social values. Scouting, one of the out-of-school activities, is one of the important social and sporting activities that children and young people perform outside of the family and school. Scouting activities which have their own rules and which make a close connection between their members are also very effective in character education. In this study, The Book of the Wolf Puppies published in a journal called Çocuk Dünyası in 1926 has been examined. In the study carried out with the method of document analysis, the analysis of the texts was carried out according to the themes determined in the QSR Nvivo 9 program. As a result, it was found that scouting activities directly and positively contribute to character education.
PEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI HATI PADA PENDERITA HIV DENGAN TERAPI ARV â‰¥ 6 BULAN DI RUMAH SAKIT MARTHEN INDEY (RSMI) JAYAPURA
Authors: Sinaga Herlando , Hasim Muhammad Husin 
Published: May 2019

Salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk menanggulangi kasus HIV/AIDS yaitu dengan layanan Antiretroviral/Pengobatan Anti Virus HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pemeriksaan fungsi hati dalam hal iniÂ kadar SGOT dan kadar SGPT pada penderita HIV dengan terapi ARV â‰¥ 6 bulanÂ di Rumah Sakit Marthen Indey Jayapura. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan selama 1 bulan.Â Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan uji laboratorium. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel serum dari penderita HIV dengan diagnosa HIV yang melakukan terapi ARV â‰¥ 6 bulan. Metode pemeriksaan kadar SGOT dan SGPT adalah fotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 24 sampel penderita HIV pada pemeriksaan kadar SGOT didapatkan pasien dengan kadar normal sebanyak 70,8%, sedangkan pasien dengan kadar SGOT meningkat sebanyak 29,2%. Pemeriksaan kadar SGPT dari 24 sampel penderita HIV didapatkan hasil dengan kadar SGPT normal sebanyak 83,3%, sedangkan pasien dengan kadar SGPT meningkat sebanyak 16,7%.
LOCUS OF CONTROL: PENGENDALIAN DIABETES MELITUS PADA PENDERITA DM TIPE 2
Authors: Haskas Yusran , Suryanto Suryanto 
Published: May 2019

Tingginya prevalensi penderita diabetes melitus di Indonesia mengharuskan adanya upaya pengendalian diabetes melitus yang dilakukan agar dapat meningkatkan derajat kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi upaya pelaksanaan pengendalian diabetes melitus yang dilakukan penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 berdasarkan background factorÂ (personality traits, pendidikan, pengalaman, pengetahuan dan status ekonomi) terkait locus of controlÂ yang dimiliki.Â Jenis penelitian explanatory researchÂ dengan desain cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel sebesar 143 responden. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda dengan metode backward. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa personality traitsÂ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap locus of controlÂ penderita diabetes melitus (Î± = 0.06, Ï = 0.004), pendidikan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap locus of controlÂ penderita diabetes melitus (Î± = 0.06, Ï = 0.919), pengalaman berpengaruh signifikan terhadap locus of controlÂ penderita diabetes melitus (Î± = 0.06, Ï = 0.043), pengetahuan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap locus of controlÂ penderita diabetes melitus (Î± = 0.06, Ï = 0.640) dan status ekonomi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap locus of control penderita diabetes melitus (Î± = 0.06, Ï = 0.119). Berdasarkan backgroundÂ factorÂ yang dilihat, determinan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap locus of controlÂ penderita diabetes melitus dalam upaya mengendalikan diabetes melitus adalah personality traitsÂ dan pengalaman. Locus of controlÂ yang lebih dominan adalah internal locus of control.
FAMILY CENTERED CARE PADA PERAWATAN ANAK DI RSUD SOE TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN
Authors: Tanaem Gito Hardani , Dary Mariana , Istiarti Emi 
Published: May 2019

Family centered care merupakan hal terpenting dalam hospitalisasi anakÂ yang mengharuskan anak untuk tinggal dan dirawat di Rumah Sakit dan harus menjalani perawatan sampai pemulangannya kembali kerumah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana penerapan konsep family centered careÂ Â dari tenaga kesehatan ke keluarga di ruang melati di RSUD SOE, NTT. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian kualitatifÂ dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakanÂ yaitu teknik wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview).Â Analisa data yang digunakan dimulai dari tahap reduksi data dengan mengumpulkan data yang kemudian diberi kode dan dibuat kata kunci. KemudianÂ dibuat matrix kejenuhan dari kata kunci sehingga didapatkan data jenuh selanjutnyaÂ dikategorikan untuk dianalisa menjadi subtema dan menghasilkan sebuah tema. Hasil yang didapatkan tiga tema yaitu perawat melibatkan keluarga dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar anak hanya secara lisan, bahasa dan inisiatif keluarga menjadi faktor kendala penerapan FCC, penerapan FCC bermanfaat pada kepuasan klien dan efisiensi asuhan keperawatan.
PERAN OPERATOR TELEPON PADA LAYANAN PESAN ANTAR
Authors: Sarah Nani Nuraini 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKThe Role of Operators in Delivery Service.(This paper is excerpted from the final project report entitled ‘The Role of Media Communication Especially the use of telephone in PT Fast Food Indonesia Tbk’)As we know, technology offers much ease to mankind, especially in communication. Without exception, these advantages make breakthrough in restaurant business. Delivery service which is as old as the business itself use telephones in delivering the goods to costumersThe aim of this present paper is to show the frame work of delivery service, the flow of communication and the importance of the professionals persons behind its success .Operators, the Back up and the Riders/Home Delivery have to work as a team. As they are the front line that directly deal with customers, they must demonstrate their professionalism, such as courtesy, on time delivery and making sure that customers are happy their ordering experience.Data for this report was collected from PT Fast Food Indonesia, tbk in BSD square by a student who was directly involved in working as an operator for 3 (three) months. Her experience as an operator had brought her to a better understanding of the whole system of delivery service. With the support from her supervisor and her colleagues in the restaurant, she managed to get through her exhausted working time. After her valuable and interesting experience, she decided to share it in a report. The report shows that not only the technology component should be provided but the man power should also be trained for exceptional performance.
KOORDINASI MAKNA PESAN GURU TERHADAP PESERTA DIDIK KELOMPOK B DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PAKET PERMAINAN INTERAKTIF ALIF
Authors: Anggraini Katry 
Published: May 2019

Abstrak Koordinasi makna pesan guru dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik kelompok B melalui paket permainan interaktif Alif dengan studi kasus Taman Kanak-kanak Islam Terpadu Mitra Cendekia Sarimulya-Tangerang Selatan, menggunakan paradigma penelitian konstruktivisme, metode penelitian studi kasus dengan jenis penelitian yang dilakukan kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan teori manajemen makna terkoordinasi dimana terjalinnya komunikasi guru kepada peserta didik melalui paket permainan interaktif Alif dan teori pembentukan karakter. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa koordinasi makna guru TKIT Mitra Cendekia Indonesia Sarimulya-Tangerang Selatan adalah memberikan makna pesan pada moral yang berbentuk akhlak dan aqidah dengan pengenalan sang Pencipta. Kesimpulan yang diambil bahwa komunikasi interpersonal yang dilakukan oleh guru TKIT Mitra Cendekia dalam menyampaikan makna pesan dalam paket permainan interaktif Alif melalui bermain, bercerita, dengan alat peraga serta aktifitas yang menyenangkan peserta didik sehingga mereka dengan mudah dapat mengerti maksud makna pesan yang disampaikan. Kata Kunci : Komunikasi, Pembentukan Karakter, dan Koordinasi Pesan