bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australian community pharmacist experiences with smoking cessation and opinions of health warnings on individual cigarette sticks
Authors: Drovandi Aaron , Teague Peta-Ann , Glass Beverley , Malau-Aduli Bunmi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to identify the experiences of Australian community pharmacists with smokers and their associated perceptions of effective health warnings on individual cigarette sticks.

Methods
A mixed-methods online survey was distributed to Australian pharmacists through pharmacy-specific social media pages, and the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, followed by semi-structured face-to-face interviews with pharmacists in Townsville, Australia, who were purposively sampled. The interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. Participants described their experiences with smokers, perceptions and effectiveness ratings of current cigarette packaging warnings, and 12 text warnings (divided into four themes) on individual cigarette sticks, and their general opinions on effective anti-tobacco health warnings.

Key findings
Seventy pharmacists participated in the survey and 17 pharmacists in the interviews. Both groups of pharmacists cited smoking-related personal or close-contact illness, pressure by family members or physicians and the financial costs of smoking as being the main drivers for quit attempts. Most interviewed pharmacists interact with smokers several times per week. Cigarette stick warnings describing mortality consequences (especially the ‘minutes of life lost’ warning) and the financial consequences of tobacco use were rated as significantly more effective than current packaging warnings (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–4.12, P = 0.02, and 1.97; 95%CI: 1.01–3.84, P = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusions
Pharmacists have considerable experience assisting smokers with quitting and based on these experiences believe that novel and tangible health warnings on cigarette sticks may be an effective future measure to combat tobacco use. Further research on the opinions of a more diverse range of health professionals and the general community will generate more robust findings regarding this method of intervention.
Relations sociales et ajustements à la crise: une analyse microstatistique comparative franco‐britannique
Authors: AMOSSÉ Thomas , ASKENAZY Philippe , CHEVALIER Martin , ERHEL Christine , PETIT Héloïse , REBÉRIOUX Antoine 
Published: July 2018

RésuméDans cette étude comparative sur la France et la Grande‐Bretagne, les auteurs analysent les liens entre relations professionnelles et ajustements (des effectifs et des salaires) face à la crise de 2007–2008, en s'appuyant sur deux enquêtes au niveau des établissements, fortement comparables, l'une britannique (WERS), l'autre française (REPONSE), collectées en 2010–2012. Malgré des contextes différents (composition du tissu productif, temporalité et impact de la crise), les liens entre relations sociales et stratégies d'ajustement semblent proches (la présence syndicale ne suffisant pas à empêcher les ajustements). La différenciation des systèmes de relations professionnelles ne permet donc pas d'expliquer les divergences de modes d'ajustement constatées au niveau macroéconomique.
The immune system and stroke: from current targets to future therapy
Authors: Malone Kyle , Amu Sylvie , Moore Anne C , Waeber Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the intensive search for new therapies, hundreds of agents targeting various pathophysiological mechanisms have failed clinical trials, and the thrombolytic agent tissue plasminogen activator is currently the only FDA‐approved medication for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The immune system is involved in all stages of stroke, from the pathogenesis of risk factors to neurotoxicity, to tissue remodeling and repair. There is a bidirectional interaction between the brain and the immune system, with stroke‐induced immunosuppression and subsequent infection a principal source of patient mortality. Newer work also points to a role for the gut microbiota in the immune response to stroke, while clinical sequelae such as dementia might now also be explained in immune terms. However, the exact roles of innate and adaptive components have not been fully elucidated, with studies reporting both detrimental and beneficial functions. Time is a key determinant in defining whether immunity and inflammation are neuroprotective or neurotoxic. The local inflammatory milieu also has a clear influence on many proposed treatments. This review examines the individual components of the immune response to stroke, highlighting the most promising future stroke immunotherapies.
A randomised controlled trial of patient information leaflets as a medication counselling aid
Authors: McNeill Richard , Chin Paul , Coberger Elle , Doogue Matthew 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMedication counselling improves patient safety, adherence and satisfaction but is poorly done in clinical practice. Written aids further improve outcomes when used with verbal counselling. No studies have previously compared two types of written counselling aid.AimTo compare the utility of a patient information leaflet (PIL) with a drug monograph as a medication counselling tool for patients starting a new medicine.MethodsA single‐blinded randomised controlled trial of medical students counselling simulated patients during a clinical examination. The PIL was compared with the drug monographs as counselling aids by assessing information transfer and aid usage.ResultsA total of 96 students was recruited. The PIL was superior to the drug monograph for counselling relating to missed doses (P = 0.02), and non‐inferior for other domains of information transfer. The aid was used more frequently in the PIL arm (91% vs 77%, P = 0.09) and for longer (4.6 min vs 2.9 min, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe PIL was non‐inferior to the drug monograph for overall information transfer, but superior for contingency planning. Aid usage was greater in the PIL arm, which may reflect greater student satisfaction with the tool.
Perceptions of nurses working with psychiatric consumers regarding the elimination of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric inpatient settings and emergency departments: An Australian survey
Authors: Gerace Adam , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSeclusion and restraint continue to be used across psychiatric inpatient and emergency settings, despite calls for elimination and demonstrated efficacy of reduction initiatives. This study investigated nurses’ perceptions regarding reducing and eliminating the use of these containment methods with psychiatric consumers. Nurses (n = 512) across Australia completed an online survey examining their views on the possibility of elimination of seclusion, physical restraint, and mechanical restraint as well as perceptions of these practices and factors influencing their use. Nurses reported working in units where physical restraint, seclusion, and, to a lesser extent, mechanical restraint were used. These were viewed as necessary last resort methods to maintain staff and consumer safety, and nurses tended to disagree that containment methods could be eliminated from practice. Seclusion was considered significantly more favourably than mechanical restraint with the elimination of mechanical restraint seen as more of a possibility than seclusion or physical restraint. Respondents accepted that use of these methods was deleterious to relationships with consumers. They also felt that containment use was a function of a lack of resources. Factors perceived to reduce the likelihood of seclusion/restraint included empathy and rapport between staff and consumers and utilizing trauma‐informed care principles. Nurses were faced with threatening situations and felt only moderately safe at work, but believed they were able to use their clinical skills to maintain safety. The study suggests that initiatives at multiple levels are needed to help nurses to maintain safety and move towards realizing directives to reduce and, where possible, eliminate restraint use.
Readiness and recovery: Transferring between methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of opioid use disorder
Authors: Bishop Blair , Gilmour Jean , Deering Daryle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong‐acting opioids are prescribed as part of treatment for opioid use disorders; methadone and buprenorphine are well researched and commonly prescribed for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Meta‐analysis suggests that buprenorphine has a slightly poorer retention rate in treatment as compared to methadone. Benefits of buprenorphine/naloxone include greater ease in ceasing treatment and less use of illicit opioids while in treatment as compared to methadone. There are a number of qualitative and mixed‐method studies that ask patients about their experiences of methadone maintenance and buprenorphine maintenance treatment. This research aimed to understand perspectives of receiving buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of opioid use disorder. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Seven participants with a current diagnosis of opioid use disorder treated with buprenorphine/naloxone were interviewed. Thematic analysis extracted four themes: drivers for opioid substitution treatment change; readiness for buprenorphine/naloxone substitution treatment; absence of effect from buprenorphine/naloxone; and an increased sense of citizenship on buprenorphine/naloxone. This study identified a number of factors influencing participants’ decision‐making in transferring between methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of their opioid use disorder. Methadone was preferred by those seeking sedation and wishing to continue using other opioids, and buprenorphine/naloxone was most effective for participants no longer wishing to experience sedation and seeing opioid abstinence as an end point in their recovery. Changing treatment expectations are important to consider when determining medication selection and highlight the importance of quality information when determining the most suitable medication for the treatment of opioid use disorder.
A protocol to measure the impact of intentional changes to nurse staffing and skill‐mix in medical and surgical wards
Authors: Drennan Jonathan , Duffield Christine , Scott Anne Philomena , Ball Jane , Brady Noeleen M. , Murphy Aileen , Dahly Darren , Savage Eileen , Corcoran Paul , Hegarty Josephine , Griffiths Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this research is to measure the impact that planned changes to nurse staffing and skill‐mix have on patient, nurse, and organizational outcomes.BackgroundIt has been highlighted that there are several design limitations in studies that explore the relationship between nurse staffing and patient, nurse and organizational outcomes; not least that the vast majority of research in this area emanates from studies that are predominantly observational in design. There are limited studies that measure nurse, patient, organizational, and economic outcomes using a longitudinal design following a planned change in nurse staffing.DesignThe research will employ a longitudinal, multimethod approach to evaluate the impact that planned changes in nurse staffing and skill‐mix have on wards in three pilot hospitals.MethodsAdministrative data collection will take place on a shift‐by‐shift basis prospectively over a three‐year period including the measurement of nursing sensitive outcomes: cross‐sectional patient experience data and nurse outcomes (nursing work, job satisfaction, burnout, missed care) will be collected at intervals prior to, during and after the implementation of planned changes in nurse staffing and skill‐mix. Data will be analysed using interrupted time‐series models, adjusted for key hospital, ward and patient‐level factors. An economic costing of the changes will further investigate the resources required for the intervention that can then be aggregated to a national level for future roll‐out plans.DiscussionThe study aims to provide evidence on the impact of planned changes to nurse staffing and skill‐mix based on a systematic approach using a longitudinal design and to determine the extent to which the approach can be implemented at a national level.
Obesity in women who have experienced intimate partner violence
Authors: Alhalal Eman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine the pathway through which intimate partner violence (IPV) severity and child abuse severity influence obesity among women who have experienced IPV.BackgroundIntimate partner violence is a public health issue that is found to be related to obesity. Yet, little is known about the pathways that link both IPV and child abuse experiences to obesity. The roles of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms in the relations between IPV and obesity are still not well known.DesignA cross‐sectional study of 299 women who have experienced IPV.MethodsA convenience sample of abused women was recruited from nine primary healthcare centres in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected in 2015, using self‐report questionnaires and physical measures for obesity. Non‐parametric analysis of variance was conducted to explore group differences. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesized model.ResultsAmong the sample, 52.5% was classified as obese based on body mass index. Obese women had significantly higher levels of IPV, physical child abuse, depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The study showed that both IPV severity and child abuse severity indirectly influenced obesity through depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe alarming rate of obesity among abused women suggests that these women are at great risk for obesity, which necessitates clinical consideration. The study findings highlight the need to treat depressive symptoms to manage and prevent obesity among IPV and child abuse survivors. Specifically, nurses should tailor interventions that address mental health outcomes of abuse in managing obesity.
Communicative and pedagogical strategies in nurses’ and surgeons’ discharge consultations with patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Carlsson Eva , Pettersson Monica E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo describe the structure, content, and the communicative and pedagogic strategies in discharge consultations between patients and professionals after colorectal cancer surgery.BackgroundBoth nurses and surgeons play an important role in preparing patients for discharge from hospital following surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).DesignAn explorative quantitative and qualitative research based on analysis of transcriptions of 13 audio‐taped discharge consultations between patients and nurses and patients and surgeons conducted between January ‐ March 2012.MethodsIn the quantitative analysis, the structure of each consultation was described in phases, subtopics, and main topics. The proportion of the main topics in relation to the whole conversation was counted in percentages. The text from the consultations was then analysed qualitatively with the support from Ricoeur's theory of interpretation.ResultsThe language constituted the essence in the consultations regardless of other communicative and pedagogical strategies. The pedagogic strategies used were explanation model, information transfer, task orientation, and dialogue. Topics occurring in the consultations were Operation, Symptoms, Medication, Thromboprophylaxis, Recovery after surgery, Bowel function, Spreading, and Follow‐up. The surgeons and nurses used similar topics, but the surgeons used more communicative and pedagogic strategies.ConclusionLanguage was fundamental for communication and independent of the communicative and pedagogical strategies. Using preparedness communication more consistent in discharge consultation can help patients to better understand the recovery process after CRC surgery and regain control over their life. It is important that the consultations build on the patient as an active and learning person.
Organizational readiness for implementing change in acute care hospitals: An analysis of a cross‐sectional, multicentre study
Authors: Sharma Narayan , Herrnschmidt Jenny , Claes Veerle , Bachnick Stefanie , De Geest Sabina , Simon Michael ,   the Match ‐ Study Group
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo assess nurse‐reported organizational readiness for implementing change in acute care hospitals.BackgroundAn organization's success at implementing new policies and programmes depends largely on its stakeholders’ readiness for change. Organizational readiness is a multilevel, multifaceted construct associated with staffing, leadership and quality of care.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of the cross‐sectional multicentre “Matching Registered Nurse Services with Changing Care Demands” study.MethodsIn 23 acute care hospitals across Switzerland, 1,833 nurses working in 124 units completed a survey between September 2015 and January 2016. Organizational readiness was measured with two subscales: “change commitment” and “change efficacy”. Work environment factors were assessed using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index.ResultsNurses were positive about implementing change in their hospitals. Intraclass correlation was higher at the unit level than at the hospital level for both change commitment and change efficacy. Nursing foundation for quality of care and supportive leadership were positively associated with readiness, change commitment and change efficacy. However, staffing and resource adequacy was positively associated only with change efficacy. No association was found with standardized staffing.ConclusionWhile organizational readiness scores vary among hospitals and units, they are positively associated with supportive leadership and a foundation for quality of care. Further research should consider organizational readiness as an important factor of change and ultimately of the quality of care.
A Chinese family with periodontal Ehlers–Danlos syndrome associated with missense mutation in the C1R gene
Authors: Wu Juan , Yang Jie , Zhao Jie , Wu Jingrong , Zhang Xuan , Leung Wai Keung , Sun Weibin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimWe report a rare case of the periodontal Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (pEDS) associated with severe periodontitis and tooth loss in a Chinese family.Material and MethodsThe proband complained of gingival bleeding and mobility, which were also reported in his mother, and maternal uncle and his maternal grandmother and great‐grandfather in the past. All family members underwent oral, physical, dermatological, and genetic examinations.ResultsOral manifestation of family members affected with pEDS presented severe periodontitis with multiple or total tooth loss. The proband displayed unique clinical manifestations including a characteristic facial appearance and thin, translucent skin with easily visible venous patterns on feet. Whole‐exome sequencing identified missense mutation c.265T>C in C1R in all affected family members tested and frameshift mutation c.1322delG in COL3A1 in the proband alone. None of the unaffected members showed any marked oral, physical, dermatological, or genetic findings.ConclusionWe reported an extremely rare case of pEDS with a missense mutation in C1R in a Chinese family, with coexistence C1R and COL3A1 mutations in the proband who was suspected to suffer from vascular EDS as well. To our knowledge, this is the first case of coexistence of two forms of EDS in a single individual.
Biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from Hidradenitis Suppurativa lesions
Authors: Ardon C.B. , Prens E.P. , Fuursted K. , Ejaz R.N. , Shailes J. , Jenssen H. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAn aberrant interaction between commensal skin bacteria and the host skin immune system is considered important in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm‐forming capabilities of S. epidermidis strains isolated from HS patients.MethodsSkin biopsies were taken from active HS lesions such as inflammatory nodules and/or sinuses and non‐involved skin from 26 patients and cultured under optimal microbiological conditions for 24 h. Planktonic growth, biofilm production, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm eradication by clindamycin, doxycycline, rifampicin and tetracycline were tested including a laboratory control strain of S. epidermidis for reference.ResultsStaphylococcus epidermidis was cultured in 16 of 26 HS patients (62%). In total 27 different S. epidermidis isolates were identified; 16 (59%) from non‐involved skin and 11 (41%) from HS lesions. All bacterial strains showed planktonic growth. Twenty‐four of 27 (89%) isolates were strong biofilm producers in vitro. The biofilm‐forming capability varied amongst the strains from non‐involved skin and lesional skin. Twenty‐four strains had an intermediate to resistant antibiotic susceptibility to clindamycin (89%). Rifampicin was the most effective antibiotic at inhibiting planktonic growth and at eradication of biofilm (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe observed a slight increase in S. epidermidis virulence, characterized by resistance to commonly used antibiotics, increased biofilm production and resistance to biofilm eradication. In particular, the reduced sensitivity to tetracycline and clindamycin, two standard antibiotics in the treatment of HS, is alarming. Rifampicin, also important in HS treatment, showed the greatest efficacy at eradicating the biofilm at low MIC concentrations.