bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
bla
GES
-producing ST654 comprises a quarter of all carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in blood isolates from 15 hospitals
Authors: Kon Hadas , Lurie-Weinberger Mor N. , Bechor Moshe , Temkin Elizabeth , Kastel Ophir , Schwartz David , Keren-Paz Alona , Carmeli Yehuda ,   CRPA Working Group, Golan-Shany Orit , Labrinenco Dina , Lellouche Jonathan , Michael Esti , Peretz Avi , Pollak Dina , Kaminsky Diana Roif , Sagi Orli , Schindler Yehudit , Harari Orna Schwartz , Shalach Ola , Sorek Nadav , Strauss Merav 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(CRPA) are of major clinical concern. We analyzed 85
P
.
aeruginosa
blood isolates non-susceptible to carbapenems collected during 2021–2023 from 15 medical centers in Israel. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk clones, examine clonality, test antibiotic susceptibility, and assess the presence of acquired resistance genes, including carbapenemases. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina sequencing technology. Susceptibly was determined using the broth microdilution method. In the entire sample, 43.5% were high-risk clones. A main clade (27.1% of isolates) found in multiple hospitals comprised 19 isolates belonging to the high-risk ST654 clone and four closely related isolates. The isolates in this main clade harbored a broad set of resistance genes, including GES-type genes, and 91% had a mutated outer membrane protein (OprD). Isolates in the main clade were uniformly tobramycin (TOB) resistant and 83% were ceftolozane/tazobactam resistant. In the entire sample, we found high resistance to most antipseudomonal agents, including new beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. No uniform susceptibility to an antipseudomonal agent was found. Carbapenemases were carried by 9.4% of isolates (5.9%
bla
GES-5
and 3.5%
bla
NDM-1
) and
oprD
was mutated in 67% of isolates. Thus, the epidemiology of CRPA is explained by a combination of clonal expansion of a dominant high-risk clade and sporadic occurrence of mutated strains. Our findings highlight the importance of susceptibility testing using a wide panel of antibiotics when CRPA is detected. Prevention measures tracking and controlling emerging high-risk clades and clones are crucial to limit the spread of CRPA.
Continuous infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam optimizes intraoperative antibiotic exposure in patients undergoing elective pelvic exenteration surgery
Authors: Jackson Dwane , Ulldemolins Marta , Liu Xin , Harris Craig , Tognolini Angela , Wallis Steven C. , Sumi Chandra , Parker Suzanne L. , Eley Victoria , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Patients undergoing elective pelvic exenteration surgery who receive piperacillin/tazobactam as surgical prophylaxis are at risk of suboptimal intraoperative antibiotic exposure. With this work, we aimed to study the plasma pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in this population to provide dosing recommendations that optimize antibiotic exposure. We developed a prospective, observational, pharmacokinetic study of piperacillin/tazobactam in patients undergoing pelvic exenteration. Population pharmacokinetic analysis and Monte Carlo simulations were performed with Monolix and Simulx software. Probabilities of target attainment of different dosing regimens against the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints (8 and 16 mg/L) were calculated. Twelve patients were included in the study, with a median age of 50.0 years [interquartile interval (45.3–57.5)] and a median weight of 79.0 kg (61.3–88.3). Median surgical time was 10.5 h (9.8–11.7). A two-compartment linear model best fitted piperacillin and tazobactam data (190 plasma samples). Monte Carlo simulations showed that a lower dose of 2 g/0.25 g loading dose followed by 4 g/0.5 g q8h by continuous infusion provided ≥90% probability of target attainment for MIC = 16 mg/L for most of the patients. For non-continuous infusion regimens, only the 2-hourly bolus re-dosing achieved intraoperative concentrations of piperacillin ≥16 mg/L. Patients with weights ≥ 100 kg and glomerular filtration rates ≥ 120 mL/min required 4 g/0.5 g q6h by continuous infusion after a loading dose. In conclusion, continuous infusion of lower doses of piperacillin/tazobactam is as adequate as the 2-hourly re-dosing recommended by the current guidelines for surgical prophylaxis in pelvic exenteration. Patients with higher weights and glomerular filtration rates are at greater risk of inadequate exposure.
Identification of an ArgR-controlled promoter within the outermost region of the IS
10
R mobile element
Authors: Vázquez-Ciros Oscar J. , Alvarez Adrián F. , Georgellis Dimitris 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The transposon Tn
10
is a prevalent composite element often detected in enteric bacteria, including those obtained from clinical samples. The Tn
10
is flanked by two IS
10
elements that work together in mediating transposition. IS
10
-right (IS
10
R) promotes transposition, while IS
10
-left lacks a functional transposase and cannot transpose independently. IS
10
R contains a weak promoter crucial for transposase transcription (pIN), along with two outward-oriented promoters, pOUT and OUTIIp, which may influence the expression of adjacent genes flanking the transposition site. Here, we report the identification of a novel outward-facing promoter, pOUT70, and a functional translation initiation region (TIR) within the last 70 nucleotides of IS
10
R. Furthermore, we show that pOUT70 is negatively regulated by ArgR and positively controlled by IHF, and we demonstrate that pOUT70 enables growth phase-dependent expression of a truncated yet constitutively active version of the histidine kinase BarA. These findings underscore the significance of IS elements in enhancing downstream gene expression, and highlights the role of outward-facing promoters in derepressing virulence factors or acquiring antibiotic resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Mobile genetic elements are small DNA fragments that can relocate within the genome, causing either gene inactivation or enhanced gene expression. Our research identified a new functional promoter and mRNA translation region within the IS10R element, which is part of the widely distributed
Tn10
transposon. We found that the global regulators ArgR and IHF control the activity of this promoter. Additionally, insertion of this mini-
Tn10
derivative into the
barA
gene resulted in the expression of a truncated but constitutive active form of the BarA sensor kinase. Overall, our work sheds light on how mobile genetic elements could impact the physiology and virulence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.
Whole-genome sequences of
Colletotrichum siamense
and
Colletotrichum truncatum
, causal agents of pod and foliar diseases on African yam bean
Authors: Ogunsanya Olaide M. , Armitage Andrew D. , Afolabi Clement G. , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Thompson Elinor P. , Ortega-Beltran Alejandro , Abberton Michael 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Diseases caused by
Colletotrichum
fungi result in major agricultural losses worldwide. Here, we present two draft genomes of
Colletotrichum
spp. responsible for foliar and pod blight on African yam bean.
Colletotrichum siamense
and
Colletotrichum truncatum
assemblies totalled 55.8 Mb in 563 contigs and 54.8 Mb in 1,240 contigs, respectively.
Heat strain in different hot environments hiking in wildland firefighting garments
Authors: Bartman Nathan E. , Hess Hayden W. , Colburn Deanna , Temple Jennifer , Hostler David 
Published: October 2024

Wildland firefighters can work at high intensity in hot environments for extended periods of time. The resulting heat strain may be modified by the environmental conditions (i.e., ambient temperature and humidity [RH]) even at equal wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs). This investigation assessed if a hot and dry condition would create greater strain than moderate and high humidity at equivalent WBGT (28 °C). Twelve participants (age 24 ± 2 year) walked at 40%–50% maximum aerobic capacity for 90 and 40 min separated by a 20 min rest in dry (40 °C, 20% RH), moderate-humidity (34 °C, 50% RH), and high-humidity (29 °C, 90% RH) conditions wearing fire-resistant jacket, pants, gloves, and helmet with the neck and face exposed. Peak core temperature was higher in moderate-humidity (38.9 ± 0.2 °C, p = 0.01) and high-humidity (38.9 ± 0.6 °C, p < 0.01) than dry condition (38.5 ± 0.3 °C). Average net heat gain was less in dry (33 ± 22 W) compared to moderate-humidity (38 ± 23 W, p < 0.01) and high-humidity (39 ± 28 W, p < 0.01). Peak heart rate (174 ± 14 bpm, p = 0.94), physiological strain index (7.7 ± 1.4 score, p = 0.99), perceived exertion (8 ± 2 rating, p = 0.97), and perceptual strain index (7.3 ± 1.6 score, p = 0.99) were not different in high-humidity compared to the dry condition (167 ± 19 bpm, 6.9 ± 1.3 score, 6 ± 2 rating, 7.3 ± 1.7 score, respectively). Whole-body sweat rate (15 ± 6 mL/min, p = 0.58) and thermal sensation (7 ± 1 rating, p = 0.37) were not different. Hiking in a humid condition while wearing protective garments creates greater exertional heat strain compared to a dry condition of equivalent WBGT. Wildland firefighters should consider extra strategies to mitigate hyperthermia when humidity is high.
Reduced canopy cover and development compromises weed suppression by buckwheat in cover crop mixtures
Authors: Worthing Maya , Mills Aaron , McKenzie-Gopsill Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a common cover crop typically grown for its rapid establishment and superior weed suppression. One challenge of incorporating buckwheat into crop rotations, however, is its short generation time, which requires in-season management to prevent viable seed production and volunteers in subsequent crops. Mixing buckwheat at reduced seeding rates with other cover crop species is one way for producers to reduce volunteer potential; however, this may compromise weed suppression. To investigate mechanisms behind buckwheat weed suppression and how using buckwheat in mixtures can affect suppression, we collected a series of morphological measurements in buckwheat monocultures and in three, two-way and four, three-way cover crop species mixtures and modeled their response over the growing season. We found that while buckwheat height and relative growth rate were unaffected with increasing species richness, there was a significant reduction in maximum leaf area index (3.75 vs. 2.85 vs. 2.82 cm2 cm−2) in mixture. Buckwheat monocultures provided superior season-long weed suppression compared to mixtures (85% vs. 53% vs. 50%). Principal component analysis showed that increased height and leaf area index values were associated with greater weed suppression. The link between reduced leaf area index and weed suppression in mixtures compared to buckwheat monocultures suggests that the rapid leaf development and canopy cover associated with buckwheat is a key mechanism behind weed suppression. In practice, producers should expect a dilution effect and weed suppression to be compromised when the buckwheat seeding rate is reduced in mixtures.
Introducing Nickel Ions into a Bismuth Boro Tellurite Glass System and Its Effect on Physical and Material Properties
Authors: McGlashan André , Nelson Peter N. , Prasad P. Syam , Iezid M. , Goumeidane F. , Prasanthi P. Phani , Rao P. Venkateswara 
Published: October 2024

Five bismuth boro tellurite glass samples doped with NiO are synthesized using melt quenching and then their material properties are determined. Structural units are BO3, BO4, TeO4 and BiO6 and Ni-O-Ni linkages, with Ni acting as a network modifier, as shown by Raman spectra. Non-crystalline internal structure of the samples is shown by XRD. Higher NiO concentrations decrease optical band gap energy, as revealed by optical absorption measurements (UV–vis), causing increases in the refractive index, polarizability and optical basicity of the glass system. Positive metallization criterion shows that the glass network structure is that of a non-metal. Internal glass structure showed reduced disorder with doping as evidenced by the lowered Urbach energy. The density, oxygen molar volume and oxygen packing density of the glass samples increased with doping whilst molar volume and cross-link density decreased. Glass-forming ability of the samples increased with doping, as evidenced by the increase in the Hruby’s parameter. A decrease in the temperature range from crystallization temperature to glass transition temperature indicates a reduction in the thermal stability of the doped bismuth boro tellurite system, however the difference remained large (≈100 °C) indicating that the glass samples maintained good thermal stability. Elastic properties increased with the introduction of Ni, increasing the rigidity and strength of the bismuth boro tellurite glass system. Introducing Ni slightly increases radiation shielding ability; shielding surpasses concrete.
Train and Constrain: Phonologically Informed Tongue Twister Generation from Topics and Paraphrases
Authors: Loakman Tyler , Tang Chen , Lin Chenghua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous work in phonologically and phonetically grounded language generation has mainly focused on domains such as puns and poetry. In this article, we present new work on the generation of English tongue twisters—a form of language that is required to be conditioned on a phoneme level to maximize sound overlap, while maintaining semantic consistency with an input topic or phrase and still being grammatically correct. We present TwisterLister, a pipeline for generating phonologically informed tongue twisters from large language models (LLMs) that we use to generate TwistList 2.0, the largest annotated dataset of tongue twisters to date, consisting of 17K+ examples from a combination of human and LLM authors. Our generation pipeline involves the use of a phonologically constrained vocabulary alongside LLM prompting to generate novel, non-derivative tongue twister examples. We additionally present the results of automatic and human evaluation of smaller models trained on our generated dataset to demonstrate the extent to which phonologically motivated language types can be generated without explicit injection of phonological knowledge. Additionally, we introduce a phoneme-aware constrained decoding module (PACD) that can be integrated into an autoregressive language model and demonstrate that this method generates good quality tongue twisters both with and without fine-tuning the underlying language model. We also design and implement a range of automatic metrics for the task of tongue twister generation that is phonologically motivated and captures the unique essence of tongue twisters, primarily based on phonemic edit distance (PED).1
The effect of high intensity interval training on asprosin and oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic male rats
Authors: Tabatabaei M.R. , Nikbakht M. , Ranjbar R. , Daryanoosh F. , Ghanbarzadeh M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The release of adipokines from adipose tissue depots plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and several other physiological processes in cardiovascular diseases caused by diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on asprosin and oxidative stress of heart tissue type 2 diabetic male rats. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control training (CT), diabetes (D), and diabetes training (DT). Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. The training group performed 8-week HIIT program on the treadmill. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse data (). The results showed that there was no significant interaction in plasma asprosin () and SOD2 (), but a significant interaction in heart tissue asprosin () and P-ERK 1/2 () was found. Serum and heart tissue asprosin were higher in Group D than in Group C (p < 0.0001), and also decreased in Group CT compared to Group C (, ), and Group DT compared to Group D (, ). P-ERK 1/2, SOD2, GPX, and HDL-c were lower in Group D than Group C (, , , , respectively) and increased in Group CT compared to Group C (, , , , respectively), and Group DT compared to Group D (, , , , respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in MDA, HOMA, LDL-c, and TG between Group C and Group CT, but it is lower in Group DT than Group D (, , , , respectively). Asprosin is increased in type 2 diabetic rats, and HIIT reduces asprosin and oxidative stress in the heart and improves insulin resistance and lipid profile. Decreased asprosin may have a cardioprotective effect by activating downstream pathways, including regulating P-ERK 1/2 expression and increasing the antioxidant enzyme SOD2.
Shigeko Kubota’s Multi-hyphenated Curatorial Activism
Authors: Shaskevich Helena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines artist Shigeko Kubota’s vital role as a curator, critic, and organizer of video art during the 1970s and 1980s, arguing her historically neglected labour was instrumental to the formation of a video art community at a time when it lacked widespread institutional support. By tracing Kubota’s organizational efforts from her role as Fluxus’s “vice-president” and her curatorial work on Tokyo-New York Video Express, to her participation in important video conferences and festivals, such as the Women’s Video Festivals and the Museum of Modern Art’s Open Circuits: An International Conference on the Future of Television, the article reveals the ways in which she frequently utilized her own platform as a critic and curator to amplify the voices of underrepresented artists, particularly women and women of colour. These experiences culminated in Kubota’s role as the first and only video art curator at the Anthology Film Archives (afa) between 1974 and 1983, which deeply influenced her approach to curatorial work as a collaborative and non-hierarchical practice, and finally, reinforced her belief in video as a social medium.
Calling on Queer Asians: Richard Fung’s Orientations (1984)
Authors: Kim Liz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article considers Richard Fung’s Orientations (1984) as a work of early pan-Asian community organization and self-recognition for lgbtq+ Asian North Americans. Located between the founding of the community as a part of the legacy of Third World Liberation Front and aids activism starting in the mid-1980s, the video was made at a key juncture when visibility and self-affirmation were the main objectives for Asian North American queer communities. The autoethnographic documentary, which has received less scholarly attention than Fung’s video works addressing Asian diasporic sexualities and postcolonial subjectivity, marks an important turning point for the historiography of Asian lgbtq+ groups in North America and for the understanding of Fung’s oeuvre over the past four decades.
Autonomy and Reflexivity
Authors: Ktenas Yannis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper examines the way in which Castoriadis’s political positions on autonomy and heteronomy relate to his philosophical analysis of the alienation of society from its institutions and the attribution of the origin of its laws to an extra-social source. In this context, autonomy is closely related to the possibility of reflexivity, construed as a critical interrogation of the meaning and content of institutions and laws, which allows to bring to the fore the socially created character of each institution, and, therefore, the possibility of its deliberate and collective change. However, the fact that something is a social product does not automatically entail that it can be modified at will. It is against this background that this piece raises some questions about autonomy and heteronomy in the modern world and explores possible limitations of Castoriadian reflexivity, while attempting to seek answers to these questions through Castoriadis’s work.
Willingness to be present throughout patient death via medical aid in dying in a national sample of interdisciplinary US hospice clinicians: a content analysis of rationales
Authors: Becker Todd D. , Cain Cindy L. , Cagle John G. , Davitt Joan K. , Kusmaul Nancy , Sacco Paul 
Published: October 2024

Background: Although medical aid in dying (MAID) legalization continues to expand across the United States, limited research has elucidated attitudes toward its clinical provision, especially in terms of clinician presence. Objective: The objective of the current study was to explore attitudes toward presence throughout a patient’s death via MAID in hospice physicians, nurses, social workers, and chaplains. Aims included (1) characterizing willingness to be present throughout patient death via MAID and (2) describing rationales for willingness. Design: We employed a cross-sectional design. Methods: A national convenience sample of interdisciplinary hospice clinicians in the United States ( N = 413) completed a self-administered, mixed-method survey via Qualtrics. A quantitative item assessing participants’ willingness (no, unsure, yes) to be present throughout a patient’s death via MAID preceded a qualitative probe inquiring about their rationales behind their previous response. Quantitative responses were characterized through frequencies and percentages. Qualitative responses within each resulting quantitative subsample were content analyzed for surface-level meaning using inductive coding. Results: Participants who were willing to be present ( n = 305 [74%]) attributed their willingness to personal support, definitions of quality clinical care, and values from their professional training. Some engaged in boundary setting, describing particular conditions under which they would be willing to be present. Those who were unwilling ( n = 63 [15%]) noted personal objections to the concept of MAID, personal objections to MAID participation, and perceptions of MAID’s misalignment with healthcare. Those who were unsure ( n = 45 [11%]) premised their responses on ambivalence and a lack of experience, both of which precluded formulating a definitive position. Conclusion: Although three-quarters of participants were willing to be present during MAID, qualitative responses revealed great nuance within and across quantitative subsamples. Hospice clinicians would benefit from greater professional guidance and support pertaining to MAID.