bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High dispersal levels and lake warming are emergent drivers of cyanobacterial community assembly in peri-Alpine lakes
Authors: Monchamp Marie-Eve , Spaak Piet , Pomati Francesco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDisentangling the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in shaping natural communities is central to ecology. Studies about community assembly over broad temporal and spatial scales in aquatic microorganisms are scarce. Here, we used 16S rDNA sequence data from lake sediments to test for community assembly patterns in cyanobacterial phylogenies across ten European peri-Alpine lakes and over a century of eutrophication and climate warming. We studied phylogenetic similarity in cyanobacterial assemblages over spatial and temporal distance, and over environmental gradients, comparing detected patterns with theoretical expectations from deterministic and stochastic processes. We found limited evidence for deviation of lake communities from a random assembly model and no significant effects of geographic distance on phylogenetic similarity, suggesting no dispersal limitation and high levels of stochastic assembly. We detected a weak influence of phosphorus, but no significant effect of nitrogen levels on deviation of community phylogenies from random. We found however a significant decay of phylogenetic similarity for non-random communities over a gradient of air temperature and water column stability. We show how phylogenetic data from sedimentary archives can improve our understanding of microbial community assembly processes, and support previous evidence that climate warming has been the strongest environmental driver of cyanobacterial community assembly over the past century.
Regional Wind Variability Modulates the Southern Ocean Carbon Sink
Authors: Keppler Lydia , Landschützer Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Southern Ocean south of 35°S accounts for approximately half of the annual oceanic carbon uptake, thereby substantially mitigating the effects of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The intensity of this important carbon sink varies considerably on inter-annual to decadal timescales. However, the drivers of this variability are still debated, challenging our ability to accurately predict the future role of the Southern Ocean in absorbing atmospheric carbon. Analysing mapped sea-air CO2 fluxes, estimated from upscaled surface ocean CO2 measurements, we find that the overall Southern Ocean carbon sink has weakened since ~2011, reversing the trend of the reinvigoration period of the 2000s. Although we find significant regional positive and negative responses of the Southern Ocean carbon uptake to changes in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) over the past 35 years, the net effect of the SAM on the Southern Ocean carbon sink variability is approximately zero, due to the opposing effects of enhanced outgassing in upwelling regions and enhanced carbon uptake elsewhere. Instead, regional shifts in sea level pressure, linked to zonal wavenumber 3 (ZW3) and related changes in surface winds substantially contribute to the inter-annual to decadal variability of the Southern Ocean carbon sink.
Previously unidentified Indonesian Throughflow pathways and freshening in the Indian Ocean during recent decades
Authors: Makarim Salvienty , Sprintall Janet , Liu Zhiyu , Yu Weidong , Santoso Agus , Yan Xiao-Hai , Susanto R. Dwi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Earth has experienced a global surface warming slowdown (GSWS) or so-called “global warming hiatus” since the end of the 20th century. The GSWS was marked by a La Niña-like decadal cooling in the Pacific Ocean that subsequently generated an increase in the transfer of Pacific waters into the Indian Ocean via the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). How the Pacific water spreads through the interior of the Indian Ocean and the impact of these decadal ITF transport changes on the Indian Ocean water mass transformation and circulation remain largely unknown. Here, we analyze the thermohaline structures and current systems at different depths in the Indian Ocean prior to and during the GSWS period. Our study shows that the GSWS involved extensive changes to the Indo-Pacific ocean teleconnection system, characterized by subsurface warming and freshening in the Indian Ocean. A hitherto unknown Indian Ocean pathway of the ITF was discovered off Sumatra associated with prolonged northwestward flow within the South Java Current. Our analysis uncovers a direct linkage of enhanced ITF waters with the Agulhas Current in the Mozambique Channel from thermocline depths down to intermediate depths, that freshened the Indian Ocean. These changes in the Indian Ocean circulation and water mass characteristics impact climate variability through changing the sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation patterns that can subsequently affect regional economies.
Genesis and mechanisms controlling tornillo seismo-volcanic events in volcanic areas
Authors: Fazio Marco , Alparone Salvatore , Benson Philip M. , Cannata Andrea , Vinciguerra Sergio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVolcanic activity is often preceded or accompanied by different types of seismo-volcanic signals. Among these signals, the so-called tornillo (Spanish for “screw”) events are considered to belong to a unique class of volcano-seismicity characterised by a long-duration coda, amplitude modulation and high-quality factor. These data constitute important evidence for the gas fraction inside magmatic fluids. However, the mechanism behind this unique signal remains not fully understood. Here we report new laboratory evidence showing that two different processes have either scale-invariant or scale-dependent effects in generating tornillo-like events. These processes are respectively the gas pressure gradient, which triggers the event and regulates the slow decaying coda, and the fluid resonance into small scale structures which, in turn, control the frequency content of the signal. Considering that the gas pressure gradient is proportional to the fluid flow, these new findings, as applied to volcanoes, provide new information to better quantify both gas rate and volume, and the dimension of the resonator.
Genetic variation in CADM2 as a link between psychological traits and obesity
Authors: Morris Julia , Bailey Mark E. S. , Baldassarre Damiano , Cullen Breda , de Faire Ulf , Ferguson Amy , Gigante Bruna , Giral Philippe , Goel Anuj , Graham Nicholas , Hamsten Anders , Humphries Steve E. , Johnston Keira J. A. , Lyall Donald M. , Lyall Laura M. , Sennblad Bengt , Silveira Angela , Smit Andries J. , Tremoli Elena , Veglia Fabrizio , Ward Joey , Watkins Hugh , Smith Daniel J. , Strawbridge Rona J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCADM2 has been associated with a range of behavioural and metabolic traits, including physical activity, risk-taking, educational attainment, alcohol and cannabis use and obesity. Here, we set out to determine whether CADM2 contributes to mechanisms shared between mental and physical health disorders. We assessed genetic variants in the CADM2 locus for association with phenotypes in the UK Biobank, IMPROVE, PROCARDIS and SCARFSHEEP studies, before performing meta-analyses. A wide range of metabolic phenotypes were meta-analysed. Psychological phenotypes analysed in UK Biobank only were major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, neuroticism, mood instability and risk-taking behaviour. In UK Biobank, four, 88 and 172 genetic variants were significantly (p < 1 × 10−5) associated with neuroticism, mood instability and risk-taking respectively. In meta-analyses of 4 cohorts, we identified 362, 63 and 11 genetic variants significantly (p < 1 × 10−5) associated with BMI, SBP and CRP respectively. Genetic effects on BMI, CRP and risk-taking were all positively correlated, and were consistently inversely correlated with genetic effects on SBP, mood instability and neuroticism. Conditional analyses suggested an overlap in the signals for physical and psychological traits. Many significant variants had genotype-specific effects on CADM2 expression levels in adult brain and adipose tissues. CADM2 variants influence a wide range of both psychological and metabolic traits, suggesting common biological mechanisms across phenotypes via regulation of CADM2 expression levels in adipose tissue. Functional studies of CADM2 are required to fully understand mechanisms connecting mental and physical health conditions.
Compensation of the trap-induced quadrupole interaction in trapped Rydberg ions
Authors: Simeonov Lachezar S. , Vitanov Nikolay V. , Ivanov Peter A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe quadrupole interaction between the Rydberg electronic states of a Rydberg ion and the radio frequency electric field of the ion trap is analyzed. Such a coupling is negligible for the lowest energy levels of a trapped ion but it is important for a trapped Rydberg ion due to its large electric quadrupole moment. This coupling cannot be neglected by the standard rotating-wave approximation because it is comparable to the frequency of the trapping electric field. We investigate the effect of the quadrupole coupling by performing a suitable effective representation of the Hamiltonian. For a single ion we show that in this effective picture the quadrupole interaction is replaced by rescaled laser intensities and additional Stark shifts of the Rydberg levels. Hence this detrimental quadrupole coupling can be efficiently compensated by an appropriate increase of the Rabi frequencies. Moreover, we consider the strong dipole-dipole interaction between a pair of Rydberg ions in the presence of the quadrupole coupling. In the effective representation we observe reducing of the dipole-dipole coupling as well as additional spin-spin interaction.
The role that choice of model plays in predictions for epilepsy surgery
Authors: Junges Leandro , Lopes Marinho A. , Terry John R. , Goodfellow Marc 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMathematical modelling has been widely used to predict the effects of perturbations to brain networks. An important example is epilepsy surgery, where the perturbation in question is the removal of brain tissue in order to render the patient free of seizures. Different dynamical models have been proposed to represent transitions to ictal states in this context. However, our choice of which mathematical model to use to address this question relies on making assumptions regarding the mechanism that defines the transition from background to the seizure state. Since these mechanisms are unknown, it is important to understand how predictions from alternative dynamical descriptions compare. Herein we evaluate to what extent three different dynamical models provide consistent predictions for the effect of removing nodes from networks. We show that for small, directed, connected networks the three considered models provide consistent predictions. For larger networks, predictions are shown to be less consistent. However consistency is higher in networks that have sufficiently large differences in ictogenicity between nodes. We further demonstrate that heterogeneity in ictogenicity across nodes correlates with variability in the number of connections for each node.
Silicon µPCR Chip for Forensic STR Profiling with Hybeacon Probe Melting Curves
Authors: Cornelis Senne , Tytgat Olivier , Fauvart Maarten , Gansemans Yannick , Vander Plaetsen Ann-Sophie , Wiederkehr Rodrigo S. , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Stakenborg Tim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe demand to perform forensic DNA profiling outside of centralized laboratories and on the crime scene is increasing. Several criminal investigations would benefit tremendously from having DNA based information available in the first hours rather than days or weeks. However, due to the complexity and time-consuming nature of standard DNA fingerprinting methods, rapid and automated analyses are hard to achieve. We here demonstrate the implementation of an alternative DNA fingerprinting method in a single microchip. By combining PCR amplification and HyBeacon melting assays in a silicon Lab-on-a-chip (LoC), a significant step towards rapid on-site DNA fingerprinting is taken. The small form factor of a LoC reduces reagent consumption and increases portability. Additional miniaturization is achieved through an integrated heating element covering 24 parallel micro-reactors with a reaction volume of 0.14 µl each. The high level of parallelization allows the simultaneous analysis of 4 short tandem repeat (STR) loci and the amelogenin gender marker commonly included in forensic DNA analysis. A reference and crime scene sample can be analyzed simultaneously for direct comparison. Importantly, by using industry-standard semiconductor manufacturing processes, mass manufacturability can be guaranteed. Following assay design and optimization, complete 5-loci profiles could be robustly generated on-chip that are on par with those obtained using conventional benchtop real-time PCR thermal cyclers. Together, our results are an important step towards the development of commercial, mass-produced, portable devices for on-site testing in forensic DNA analysis.
Clinical assessment of a non-invasive wearable MEMS pressure sensor array for monitoring of arterial pulse waveform, heart rate and detection of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kaisti Matti , Panula Tuukka , Leppänen Joni , Punkkinen Risto , Jafari Tadi Mojtaba , Vasankari Tuija , Jaakkola Samuli , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Airaksinen Juhani , Kostiainen Pekka , Meriheinä Ulf , Koivisto Tero , Pänkäälä Mikko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is an unmet clinical need for a low cost and easy to use wearable devices for continuous cardiovascular health monitoring. A flexible and wearable wristband, based on microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS) elements array was developed to support this need. The performance of the device in cardiovascular monitoring was investigated by (i) comparing the arterial pressure waveform recordings to the gold standard, invasive catheter recording (n = 18), (ii) analyzing the ability to detect irregularities of the rhythm (n = 7), and (iii) measuring the heartrate monitoring accuracy (n = 31). Arterial waveforms carry important physiological information and the comparison study revealed that the recordings made with the wearable device and with the gold standard device resulted in almost identical (r = 0.9–0.99) pulse waveforms. The device can measure the heart rhythm and possible irregularities in it. A clustering analysis demonstrates a perfect classification accuracy between atrial fibrillation (AF) and sinus rhythm. The heartrate monitoring study showed near perfect beat-to-beat accuracy (sensitivity = 99.1%, precision = 100%) on healthy subjects. In contrast, beat-to-beat detection from coronary artery disease patients was challenging, but the averaged heartrate was extracted successfully (95% CI: −1.2 to 1.1 bpm). In conclusion, the results indicate that the device could be useful in remote monitoring of cardiovascular diseases and personalized medicine.
3D approach for fault identification within power transformers using frequency response analysis
Authors: Abu‐Siada Ahmed , Radwan Ibrahim , Abdou Ahmed F. 
Published: May 2019

With the growing pool of aged power transformers, application of the sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) to assess power transformers’ mechanical integrity has been given much attention. One of the research gaps in this field is the lack of reliable and automated techniques to interpret SFRA signatures. Conventional interpretation technique relies on visual inspection and personnel level of expertise, which may lead to inconsistent interpretation for the same signature. Furthermore, current SFRA technique fails in detecting transformer incipient mechanical deformations of low levels. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a new three‐dimensional (3D)‐SFRA signature that comprises frequency, magnitude and phase angle in one plot. In contrary to the current interpretation practice that relies only on the magnitude plot, the proposed 3D signature exhibits more features, which can improve the SFRA identification accuracy. To automate and standardise the fault identification process, a digital image processing code is developed to extract some unique features from the proposed signature. The proposed technique is validated through finite element simulation analysis to detect short‐circuit turns, axial displacement and radial deformation of a three‐phase 40 MVA transformer and practical feasibility is assessed through its application to detect short‐circuit turns of a three‐phase 45 MVA transformer.
Postpartale plastisch-chirurgische Bauchwandrekonstruktion
bei Adipositas
Authors: Spindler Nick , Schreye-Peterson Susanne , Blüher Matthias , Stepan Holger , Langer Stefan 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Bauchwand bildet eine feste anatomische Einheit und ist
essentiell für die für Stabilisierung des Rumpfes. Erhöhter intraabdomineller
Druck und Veränderungen der Gravitationskräfte können zu Dysbalancen und
hierdurch Entwicklung von Rektusdiastasen und abdominellen Hernien führen.
Material/Methode Die Betreuung und operative Behandlung postpartaler
adipöser Patienten verlangt ein interdisziplinäres Konzept. In unserer Klinik
wurde hierzu ein spezieller Behandlungsalgorithmus für adipöse Patienten mit
postpartalen Bauchwandinsuffizienzen unter Berücksichtigung ihres BMI
erstellt.
Diskussion Der Verschluss von Rektusdiastasen ist eine zusätzliche Technik
bei durchgeführter Abdominoplastik. Hierdurch kann eine verbesserte
Stabilisierung der vorderen Bauchwand erzielt werden. Des Weiteren kann der
Operateur die Kontur der Taille wiederherstellen und das äußere Erscheinungsbild
optimieren. Je nach Ausmaß der Fettschürze und Größe der Hernien und Diastasen
stehen unterschiedliche chirurgische Behandlungsalternativen zur Verfügung.
Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der rekonstruktiven plastischen Chirurgie kann
bei diesem Patientengut eine funktionelle Rekonstruktion der Bauchwand
wiederhergestellt werden. Einen sekundären Therapiegewinn stellt die simultane
Mitbehandlung der ästhetischen Problemzonen dar und hilft eine langfristige
physische und psychosoziale Rehabilitation der Patientinnen zu ermöglichen.
Die Entwicklung von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen während und nach der Schwangerschaft: Der Einfluss von Übergewicht und Adipositas
Authors: Hanschmidt Franz , Nagl Michaela , Lehnig Franziska , Hoffmann Rahel , Zietlow Grit , Stepan Holger , Kersting Anette 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Übergewicht und Adipositas in der Schwangerschaft sowie Figur- und Gewichtssorgen sind mit erhöhter physischer und psychischer Belastung assoziiert. Bisher ist allerdings wenig über die Entwicklung von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen bei schwangeren Frauen mit Übergewicht und Adipositas sowie Zusammenhänge mit der psychischen Gesundheit bekannt.
Methodik Die Studienteilnehmerinnen (N = 218) füllten validierte Fragebögen zu Figur- und Gewichtssorgen (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire), Depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) und Stress (Perceived Stress Scale) in der 18.–22. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) (T1), der 28.–32. SSW (T2) und 12 bis 16 Wochen nach der Geburt (T3) aus. Der Einfluss von Body Mass Index (BMI) auf Figur- und Gewichtssorgen wurde mittels ANCOVAs mit Messwiederholungen untersucht. Korrelationen und multiple Regressionsmodelle wurden angewandt, um Zusammenhänge zwischen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen und der Depressions- und Stresssymptomatik zu explorieren.
Ergebnisse Frauen mit Übergewicht berichteten zwischen der 28.–32. SSW und der 12.–16. Woche nach der Geburt eine stärkere Zunahme von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen als normalgewichtige Frauen. In adjustieren Analysen sagten Figur- und Gewichtssorgen zu T1 über alle BMI-Kategorien hinweg Depressions- und Stresssymptome zu T3 vorher.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass vor allem die Zeit nach der Entbindung eine Risikoperiode für die Entwicklung von Figur- und Gewichtssorgen bei Frauen mit erhöhtem BMI ist. Köperbildspezifische Interventionen vor und nach der Geburt könnten dazu beitragen, die psychische Belastung von Frauen mit Übergewicht und Adipositas zu verringern.
Clinical and endoscopic aspects of metastases to the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Haendchen Bento Luiza , Kazuyoshi Minata Mauricio , Pires Batista Clelma , Martins Bruno da Costa , Lenz Tolentino Luciano Henrique , Scomparim Rodrigo Corsato , Shiguehissa Kawaguti Fábio , Gusmon de Oliveira Carla Cristina , Simas de Lima Marcelo , Naschold Geiger Sebastian , Ryoka Baba Elisa , Safatle-Ribeiro Adriana , Ribeiro Jr Ulysses , Maluf-Filho Fauze 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background Studies that describe metastases to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are restricted to small case series. An increase in the frequency of this condition is expected, so it would be useful to better characterize the endoscopic aspects of metastasis to the GI tract. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency and endoscopic features of the lesions, and to analyze the survival rate after diagnosis of metastasis.
Methods This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study, conducted between 2009 and 2017. Patients with metastasis to the GI tract were included.
Results 95 patients were included. Melanoma (25.3 %), lung (15.8 %), and breast (14.7 %) were the most frequent primary tumors. The most common endoscopic presentation was a solitary, ulcerated lesion in the gastric body. Conventional biopsy was diagnostic in 98.9 % of the cases. The mean and median survival rates were 13.3 months (95 % confidence interval [CI] 8.2 – 18.3) and 4.7 months (95 %CI 3.7 – 5.6), respectively. Palliative treatment with chemo- and/or radiotherapy after the diagnosis of the metastasis was related to a higher survival rate.
Conclusions Melanoma, lung, and breast cancer were the most common primary tumors to metastasize to the GI tract. The endoscopic features could not predict the primary site of the tumor. The finding of metastasis in the GI tract is related to the final stage of the cancer disease but patients who received palliative treatment with chemo- and/or radiotherapy after diagnosis of GI metastasis had higher survival rates.