bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of the mental health status of left‐behind children in China
Authors: Wu Wei , Qu Guangbo , Wang Lingling , Tang Xue , Sun Ye‐Huan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aims of this study were to systematically evaluate and comparatively analyse the mental health status of left‐behind children (LBC) in China and to provide a scientific basis for mental intervention and healthy education for LBC. Six electronic databases were searched for studies (published from 1 January 2010 to 5 March 2018) of the mental health of LBC using the Mental Health Test scale. We only selected original articles that either reported the incidence of serious mental health status or the means and standard deviations of each factor score of the scale. The pooled rates and weighted mean difference were calculated. The results indicated that the incidence of serious mental health status of LBC is nearly 2.7 times higher than that of non‐LBC. The scores for most of the factors analysed by the Mental Health Test of LBC were higher than those of non‐LBC. In addition, the mental health status of left‐behind girls is worse than that of left‐behind boys. Except for impulsive tendency, there was no significant difference in the mental health status of LBC in primary and junior high schools. In terms of the different types of guardianship, the mental health status of LBC under a grandparent's guardianship and parental peer' guardianship is more serious than that of LBC under a single‐parent guardianship. The mental health status of LBC is poor, particularly for left‐behind girls. The primary mental problems faced by LBC are learning anxiety, social anxiety and physical symptoms. It is necessary to develop more targeted measures to prevent and manage LBC.
Vincristine and sirolimus in the treatment of kaposiform haemangioendothelioma
Authors: Peng Suhua , Yang Kaiying , Xu Zhicheng , Chen Siyuan , Ji Yi 
Published: January 2019

AimKaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, potentially life‐threatening vascular tumour that is often associated with thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy, known as the Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon (KMP). Because of the rarity and complexity of KHE, the optimal paradigm for treating KHE has yet to be elucidated. We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of vincristine and sirolimus for the treatment of KHE.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was conducted from January 1993 to June 2018. A total of 15 studies were selected for the meta‐analysis. Five studies included 75 individuals and reported the response and side effects to vincristine in the treatment of KHE with or without KMP. A total of 10 studies that included 127 individuals reported the response and safety of sirolimus for treating KHE with or without KMP.ResultsThe pooled odds ratio (OR) for the effectiveness of vincristine was 0.72. The pooled OR for the effectiveness of sirolimus was 0.91. The side effects associated with vincristine during the treatment included neuropathy, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and mild elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The side effects associated with sirolimus therapy included bronchitis; lymphopenia; elevated AST, ALT and platelets; hyperlipidaemia; opportunistic infection; mild reversible leukopenia; mucositis; fever; pain and skin rash/vomiting and diarrhoea.ConclusionsThis systematic review showed a high efficacy of vincristine and sirolimus in the treatment of KHE. Based on the available data in the literature, it appears that sirolimus is potentially an efficacious and safe treatment option for KHE. Further randomised, controlled trials are recommended.
Targeting EphA2 with miR-124 mediates Erlotinib resistance in K-RAS mutated pancreatic cancer
Authors: Du Jing , He Yuanqiao , Wu Weiquan , Li Peng , Chen Youwei , Hu Zhiming , Han Yong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Chemotheraputic drug resistance is a critical factor associated with the poor survival in advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) patients.

Methods
Human pancreatic cell lines Capan-1 and BXPC-3 were cultured with different concentrations of erlotinib (0, 10, 50, and 100 μm) for 48 h. The relative cell viability and apoptosis was detected using MTT assays and flow cytometry apoptosis analysis, respectively. Transfection of pcDNA-EphA2, si-EphA2 and miR-124 mimic/inhibitor was used to modulate the intracellular level of EphA2 and miR-124. The interaction between miR-124 and the 3′UTR of EphA2 was explored using dual luciferase reporter assay.

Key findings
Compared with BXPC-3 cells, Capan-1 cells showed resistance to differential concentration treatment of erlotinib. The expression of EphA-2 was significantly increased and the expression of miR-124 was significantly decreased in Capan-1 cells. Overexpressing EphA2 induced resistance of BXPC-3 cells to erlotinib treatment. And EphA2 was identified as a novel target gene for miR-124. MiR-124 overexpression was able to sensitize the response of Capan-1 cells to erlotinib through inhibiting EphA2. Furthermore, both miR-124 overexpression and EphA2 inhibition sensitized Capan-1 cells to erlotinib in xenograft model.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that EphA2 rescued by miR-124 downregulation conferred the erlotinib resistance of PC cell Capan-1 with K-RAS mutation.
Biofortification of hens’ eggs with microelements by innovative bio‐based dietary supplement
Authors: Witkowska Zuzanna , Świniarska Marita , Korczyński Mariusz , Opaliński Sebastian , Konkol Damian , Michalak Izabela , Saeid Agnieszka , Mironiuk Małgorzata , Chojnacka Katarzyna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNew bio‐based dietary supplement with micronutrients for livestock was elaborated. The new preparation was tested on laying hens to determine the influence of new biological feed additives on the level of trace elements in egg content. The diet of laying hens (Hy‐Line Brown, 30 weeks of age) was supplemented with soya bean meal enriched with Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) by biosorption. A total of 150 laying hens were divided into five groups: one control and four experimental. In the control group, microelements were supplemented in the inorganic form, whereas in experimental groups, Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr were replaced with soya bean meal enriched with a given microelement ion. The feeding experiment was conducted for 12 weeks and was divided into three series. The results showed that adding the new feed additives to the diet of laying hens had an impact on microelement transfer to eggs, in particular with increased dosing. Eggs were biofortified with iron, zinc and copper and to a lesser extent with chromium. The microelements were accumulated primarily in the albumen because soy protein was the carrier of micronutrient ions in hens’ diet. Transfer of trace elements to eggs was not linearly dependent on the dosage of biologically bound microelements in the diet.
Non‐Linearity and Cross‐Country Dependence of Income Inequality
Authors: Kalliovirta Leena , Malinen Tuomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe use top income data and the newly developed regime‐switching Gaussian mixture vector autoregressive model to explain the dynamics of income inequality in developed economies within the past 100 years. Our results indicate that the process of income inequality consists of two equilibria identifiable by high inequality and high income fluctuations, and low inequality and low income fluctuations. Our results also imply that income inequality in the United States is the driver of income inequality in other developed economies. High wages and capital gains are found to be the likely channels for the U.S. influence.
Comparison of two alternative approaches to quality STEM teacher preparation: Fast‐track licensure and embedded residency programs
Authors: Mentzer Gale A. , Czerniak Charlene M. , Duckett T. Ryan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlternative pathways to teaching licensure were developed to address teacher shortages. These programs differ widely, making it difficult to generalize the effects. This study compares the impact of two alternative licensure programs on the development of fundamental elements of science teacher preparation and persistence. The fast‐track programs include a 6‐month teacher preparation program and a one‐year residency teacher preparation program. The study concluded that licensure type was unassociated with the impact on teaching self‐efficacy, beliefs about teacher‐focused/student‐focused teaching, preferences for inquiry instructional practices, and experiences with student misbehavior. However, the study revealed that licensure type was associated with a number of other variables: residency students had more confidence in their ability to provide quality instruction; preferred inquiry‐based instruction more often; and may be better prepared for the high‐needs classroom. Those in the 6‐month program were more likely to score higher on practical versus theoretical approaches to teaching, and while they had a more realistic idea of how to measure success in the high‐needs classroom, the residency students had more knowledge of educational theory and how to apply it. Findings suggest that more traditionally licensed teachers may be more inclined to use inquiry‐based methods suggested in current reforms.
Impact loading and modelling a multilayer aluminium corrugated/fin core: The effect of the insertion of imperfect fin layers
Authors: Sarıkaya Mustafa , Taşdemirci Alper , Güden Mustafa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe quasi‐static compression (0.0048 m/s) and Taylor‐like impact (135, 150, and 200 m/s) loading of a multilayer 1050 H14 aluminium corrugated core were investigated both experimentally and numerically in LS‐DYNA using the perfect and imperfect sample models. In the imperfect sample models, one or two layers of corrugated fin structure were replaced by the fin layers made of bent‐type cell walls. The localised deformation in the quasi‐static imperfect models of cylindrical sample started at the imperfect layers, the same as the tests, and the layers were compressed until about the densification strain in a step‐wise fashion. The localised deformation in the perfect models, however, started at the layers at and near the top and bottom of the test sample. In the shock mode, the sample crushed sequentially starting at the impact end layer regardless the perfect or imperfect sample models were used. Furthermore, the perfect and imperfect models resulted in nearly the same initial crushing stresses in the shock mode. The layer strain histories revealed a velocity‐dependent layer densification strain. Both model types, the imperfect and perfect, well approximated the stress‐time histories and layer deformations of the shock mode. The rigid perfectly plastic locking model based on the numerically determined densification strains also showed well agreements with the experimental and numerical plateau stresses of the shock mode.
Enhancing microRNA167A expression in seed decreases the α‐linolenic acid content and increases seed size in Camelina sativa
Authors: Na GunNam , Mu Xiaopeng , Grabowski Paul , Schmutz Jeremy , Lu Chaofu 
Published: January 2019

SummaryDespite well established roles of microRNAs in plant development, few aspects have been addressed to understand their effects in seeds especially on lipid metabolism. In this study, we showed that overexpressing microRNA167A (miR167OE) in camelina (Camelina sativa) under a seed‐specific promoter changed fatty acid composition and increased seed size. Specifically, the miR167OE seeds had a lower α‐linolenic acid with a concomitantly higher linoleic acid content than the wild‐type. This decreased level of fatty acid desaturation corresponded to a decreased transcriptional expression of the camelina fatty acid desaturase3 (CsFAD3) in developing seeds. MiR167 targeted the transcription factor auxin response factor (CsARF8) in camelina, as had been reported previously in Arabidopsis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments combined with transcriptome analysis indicated that CsARF8 bound to promoters of camelina bZIP67 and ABI3 genes. These transcription factors directly or through the ABI3‐bZIP12 pathway regulate CsFAD3 expression and affect α‐linolenic acid accumulation. In addition, to decipher the miR167A‐CsARF8 mediated transcriptional cascade for CsFAD3 suppression, transcriptome analysis was conducted to implicate mechanisms that regulate seed size in camelina. Expression levels of many genes were altered in miR167OE, including orthologs that have previously been identified to affect seed size in other plants. Most notably, genes for seed coat development such as suberin and lignin biosynthesis were down‐regulated. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of fatty acid metabolism and seed size determination, and suggests possible approaches to improve these important traits in camelina.
Direct Simultaneous Measurement of Particulate Matter and Ammonia Storage on Combined Selective Catalytic Reduction Filter Systems Using Radio Frequency Sensors
Authors: Ragaller Paul A. , Sappok Alexander , Qiao Jie , Liu Xiaojin , Aguilar Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

Tightening global emissions regulations are motivating interest in the development and implementation of Selective Catalytic Reduction + Filtration (SCRF) systems, which are designed to reduce the concentration of tailpipe particulate matter (PM) and NOx emissions. These systems allow designers to combine the NOx reduction capability of an SCR with the filtration capability of a particulate filter on a single unit. Practical implementation of these systems requires reliable measurement and diagnosis of their state — both with respect to trapped particulate matter as well as adsorbed ammonia. Currently, these systems rely on a variety of gas sensors, mounted upstream or downstream of the system, that only provide an indirect inference of the operation state.
In this study, a single radio frequency (RF) sensor was used to perform simultaneous measurements of soot loading and ammonia inventory on an SCRF. Several SCRF core samples were tested at varying soot and ash loads in a catalyst reactor bench. Soot levels were measured by monitoring changes in the bulk dielectric properties within the catalyst using the sensor, while ammonia levels were determined by feeding selected regions of the RF spectrum into a pretrained generalized regression neural network model. Results show the RF sensor is able to directly measure the instantaneous ammonia inventory, while simultaneously providing soot loading measurements within 0.5 g/L. These results confirm that simultaneous measurements of both the PM and ammonia loading state of an SCRF are possible using a single RF sensor via analysis of specific features in the full RF spectrum. The results indicate significant potential to remove the control barriers typically associated with the implementation of advanced SCRF systems.
Powertrain Resilient Mounting Design Analysis
Authors: Parikyan Tigran , Naranca Nikola , Neher Jochen 
Published: January 2019

For efficient modeling of engine (or powertrain) supported by non-linear elastic mounts, a special methodology has been elaborated. Based on it, software tool has been developed to analyze the motion of rigid body and elastic mounts, which comprises of three modules:
• Non-linear static analysis;
• Modal analysis (undamped and damped);
• Forced response (in frequency domain).
Application example of a large V12 marine engine illustrates the suggested workflow.
The results are verified against other software tools and validated by measurements.
Effects of Various Discharge Strategies on Ignition of Lean Methane/Air Mixture
Authors: Huang Shuai , Li Tie , Wu Chongmin , Wang Bin , Zheng Ming 
Published: January 2019

Ultra-lean burn with high turbulence has high potential for improving thermal efficiency and reducing NOx emissions in spark-ignition engines. Formation of initial flame kernel in high-turbulence flow by advanced ignition technologies is crucial for successful implementation of the ultra-lean burn concept.
In this study, a four-coil ignition system is designed to enable temporally flexible discharge, including the single strike, multi-strike and continuous discharge with the discharge energy range from 100 to 300 mJ. The performance of the different discharge strategies on igniting the lean methane-air mixture is evaluated in an optically accessible constant volume vessel. The initial mixture pressure of 3.0 MPa and temperature of 388 K are set to simulate typical conditions near TDC (top dead center) of turbocharged large-bore natural gas engines. Both the flow and quiescent conditions around the spark plug are taken into account with and without gas flows in the vessel. The flame kernel formation and developing processes are captured by using the Schlieren imaging technique with a high-speed CMOS video camera, while evolution of both the voltage and current in the circuit are well monitored by the high-voltage probe and current clamp.
With the continuous discharge ignition, the lean limit is remarkably extended in the case of the flow condition, while it is changed only slightly under the quiescent condition, compared with the other strategies. Analysis of the current and voltage waveforms shows that the continuous discharge strategy can enable a steadier and longer discharging period than the other strategies, regardless of conditions with and without gas flow. Besides, the continuous discharge strategy can accelerate the initial flame propagation compared with the other strategies. Once the flame kernel is successfully established, an increase in the discharge energy of single strike has no obvious effects on the flame development, but it is necessary for maintaining the lean limit. Although, in principle, the multi-strike discharge strategy can increase the ignition energy released to the mixture, the current waveform is prone to be interrupted with the discharge channel strongly distorted by the gas flow under the high-pressure condition. The flame propagation speed of the ultra-lean mixture is rather slow under the high ambient pressure quiescent condition compared with the high ambient pressure flow condition. Enhancement of turbulent flow in the mixture is very crucial for realizing the highly efficient and stable combustion of the lean mixture.
Experimental Comparison of GCI and Diesel Combustion in a Medium-Duty Opposed-Piston Engine
Authors: Hanson Reed , Salvi Ashwin , Redon Fabien , Regner Gerhard 
Published: January 2019

The Achates Power Inc. (API) Opposed Piston (OP) Engine architecture provides fundamental advantages that increase thermal efficiency over current poppet valve 4 stroke engines. In this paper, combustion performance of diesel and gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion in a medium duty, OP engine are shown.
By using GCI, NOx and/or soot reductions can be seen compared to diesel combustion at similar or increased thermal efficiencies. The results also show that high combustion efficiency can be achieved with GCI combustion with acceptable noise and stability over the same load range as diesel combustion in an OP engine.
Controls Development and Vehicle Drive Cycle Analysis of Integrated Turbocompounding, Electrification and Supercharging System (ITES)
Authors: Joshi Satyum , Koehler Erik , Dahodwala Mufaddel , Franke Michael , Naber Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2019

Integrated Turbocompounding, Electrification and Supercharging (ITES) is a novel approach for integrated implementation of technologies aimed at reduction of fuel consumption in a single unit. The ITES system optimally manages the power flow between the turbocompound turbine, secondary compressor, 48V electric motor/generator and engine by employing a planetary gear set. The unified approach delivers a substantial reduction in both expense and space claim while improving the overall system efficiency in comparison to the independent implementation of each of these individual technologies.
As part of a previous development effort the ITES system functionality was validated through engine drive cycle simulation primarily utilizing the 48V motor generator unit for power split turbocompounding, power split supercharging and engine torque assist. In this latest development phase, the functionality of ITES system has been evaluated on a vehicle level model through a vehicle drive cycle simulation. First, a supervisory control strategy was developed for the ITES system to facilitate start-stop, regenerative braking and engine torque assist functionality using the ITES motor/generator unit. Next, a GT-Suite engine model developed for a downsized engine with the ITES unit applied, along with an appropriate control strategy, was integrated in to a class 6/7 vocational vehicle 1D model. The model was then simulated over the GHG Phase 2 ARB cycle and the fuel economy was compared to that of vehicle model with only the baseline engine configuration. Finally, the battery capacity was optimized to maximize vehicle fuel economy and battery life.
Rail defect inspection based on coupled structural–acoustic analysis
Authors: Yao Wenqing , Yang Yuan , Zhao Kai , Wei Xiaoyuan , Zhang Lei , Zhai Mingjing , Rao Feng 
Published: January 2019

The inspection of rail defects is of importance in high-speed railway operation and maintenance. As a highly efficient method for both nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring of the rail, ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) inspection provide increased sensitivity to smaller defects. These advantages can be fully exploited only if the complexities of UGWs propagation between the medium of air and rail are unveiled and managed for the given inspection method. The development and validation of modeling procedure for the rail based on coupled structural–acoustic model is presented in this paper. Acoustic–structure interaction between air and rail is simulated based on COMSOL Multiphysics software. The transient response and natural characteristics of UGWs in the rail was computed and predicted. Moreover, the displacement distribution of UGWs in the defective rail and nondefective rail are analyzed both in time and frequency domain. A feasible method for detecting small defects in the rail is proposed in the paper. The results indicated that a defect of 8 mm in rail head can be inspected effectively using UGWs with frequencies of 40 kHz and above. And for small defects in rail web, the X-crystallographic direction ultrasonic transducer should be chosen for inspection.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and wear resistance of high manganese steel surfacing layer
Authors: Pu Juan , Li Zhipeng , Hu Qingxian , Wang Yuxin 
Published: January 2019

The high manganese steel surfacing layer was deposited on Q235 steel by flux-cored wire gas shielded welding. The as-welded surfacing layer was heated at 1050[Formula: see text]C and quenched in the water, then was tempered at 300[Formula: see text]C. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of as-welded surfacing layer and that after heat treatment were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that compared with the as-welded surfacing layer, a large number of fine carbides dispersed in the austenite matrix for the surfacing layer after heat treatment. Meanwhile, the hardness and wear resistance of surfacing layer were slightly improved. The furrow in the abrasive wear for surfacing layer was shallower. Under the action of work hardening, the hardness of high manganese steel surfacing layer gradually increased while the loss weight decreased with the wear time less than 30 min. The hardness of surfacing layer reached the maximum and the loss weight of wear remained unchanged when the wear time was 30–60 min.