bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan‐Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide Edible Films for Meat Preservation
Authors: Lin Lin , Liu Xu , Shi Ce , Chen Xiaochen , Aziz Tariq , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Mohamed Amal A. , Cui Haiying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to develop and analyse a chitosan‐Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (CS‐TFP) edible film using chitosan (CS) and Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFP) as the primary raw materials. The findings revealed significant improvements in the thickness, solubility, opacity, mechanical properties and barrier properties (water vapour and oxygen permeability) of the chitosan film upon the addition of TFP, but water content and hydrophobicity were reduced. Moreover, TFP addition markedly enhanced the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the chitosan films. Structural analysis of the CS films and CS‐TFP edible films indicated that the formation of hydrogen bonds and high compatibility between CS and TFP. Specifically, TFP increased crystallinity, reduced roughness and improved the compactness of the edible film. This increase in compactness was directly linked to enhanced physical properties, whereas increased crystallinity contributed to better thermal stability. Furthermore, the application of CS‐TFP‐3 edible films in chicken preservation proved that they could significantly delay the deterioration of chicken. Findings in this study suggested that CS‐TFP edible film as a bioactive packaging material showed great potential to preserve chicken meat and extend the shelf life.
Exercise pulmonary hypertension in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease: A right heart catheterization study
Authors: Dhayyat Adam , Mykland Hilde Janne , Jervan Øyvind , Rashid Diyar , Gleditsch Jostein , Stavem Knut , Ghanima Waleed , Steine Kjetil 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) suffer from exertional dyspnea. It is unclear if CTEPD is associated with exercise pulmonary hypertension (ePH). This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of ePH in patients with CTEPD and to identify the haemodynamic changes during exercise. We recruited 36 patients with persistent dyspnoea and residual perfusion defects by ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy from a large cohort of patients with previous pulmonary embolism. All patients underwent exercise right heart catheterization before being classified into the following groups: (1) CTEPD without ePH; comprising patients with normal mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≤20 mmHg, but with mPAP/cardiac output (CO) slope of ≤3 mmHg/L/min, (2) CTEPD with ePH (CTEPD‐ePH); those with CTEPD with an mPAP/CO slope of >3 mmHg/L/min, (3) chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH); those with mPAP >20 mmHg, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance >2 WU. The postcapillary contribution during exercise was considered present if the PAWP/CO slope of >2 mmHg/L/min. CTEPD without resting pulmonary hypertension (PH) was present in 29 (81%) of the 36 patients, of whom six (21%) had ePH, while five (14%) had CTEPH. Two patients had unclassified PH. Two (33%) of the six patients with CTEPD‐ePH had a PAWP/CO slope of >2 mmHg/L/min, compared with two (40%) of the five of those with CTEPH. In conclusion, about 20% of patients with CTEPD and exertional dyspnoea had ePH. Exercise right heart catheterization revealed a notable proportion of patients with postcapillary contribution.
“I Feel Like a Real Chemist Right Now”: Epistemic Affect as a Fundamental Driver of Inquiry in the Chemistry Laboratory
Authors: Agustian Hendra Y. , Gammelgaard Bente , Rangkuti Muhammad Aswin , Niemann Jonas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAffect and emotions matter to science learning. They also matter because they are integral to science identity formation and sense of belonging. This study aims to foreground the epistemic and affective character of laboratory work in higher science education by conceptualizing it as epistemic practice, in which students activate their body and mind in discursive processes of proposing, communicating, and evaluating knowledge. On this conceptualization is an emerging construct, “epistemic affect,” which refers to how one feels when engaging with epistemic practices. Several methods were used to provide triangulated evidence for student learning processes and lived experiences in the chemistry laboratory. Students were observed and interviewed using custom protocols based on previously validated works. The empirical materials consist of audio recordings and transcripts of focus group interviews, audio and video recordings of students doing an experiment in analytical chemistry, verbatim transcripts of utterances and non‐verbal cues, as well as instructional artifacts (laboratory manuals, textbooks, and reports). Key findings from the study reveal a range of epistemic emotions experienced by students, including curiosity, frustration, and joy, which are intertwined with their engagement in experimental work and exploration of scientific principles. The study also identifies affective constructs such as confidence, pride, and humility, which contribute to students’ identity development within the context of laboratory‐related epistemic practices. These affective experiences are situated in the embodied nature of laboratory work, where failures and mistakes are common, but also serve as opportunities for learning. The research underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing the affective dimensions of learning in the chemistry laboratory. It suggests that fostering positive epistemic emotions and resolving negative ones can enhance students’ learning experiences and engagement with science. The study calls for a more holistic approach to chemistry education that acknowledges the role of emotion in laboratory‐related epistemic practices.
Dithiolanes and Oxathiolanes Obtained from Cymantrene Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Telegina Lyudmila N. , Strelkova Tatyana V. , Ezernitskaya Mariam G. , Alekseev Vladimir G. , Smol'yakov Aleksander F. , Kelbysheva Elena S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNovel cymantrene derivatives containing dithiolane and oxathiolane five‐membered cycles were prepared. Their spectral, optical, and redox properties were investigated by NMR, IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and CV. Under the conditions of irradiation and subsequent dark reaction, the effect of ligand exchange on physicochemical properties was studied. Photolysis of tricarbonyl complexes leads to the formation of rare, stable four‐membered chelate complexes with Mn─S bond, one of which has been successfully isolated and characterized by X‐ray. However, in the presence of a competitive external ligand (L), the Mn─S bond dissociated, followed by the formation of new dicarbonyl complexes with the Mn─L bond, that shows the hemilabile nature of the Mn─S bond in chelate complexes.
In Situ Grown Li2Te Enhanced Lithium Metal Anode Interfacial Kinetics
Authors: Meng Xiao , Xiao Nan , Gao Chenglin , Zhang Rui , Sun Zongfu , Cheng Yihao , Zhang Ning , Li Wen , Chen Biao , He Chunnian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium metal anode (LMA) is expected to be the ideal anode material for future high‐energy‐density batteries, but regulating the complex electrolyte–anode interface remains a challenge. In this work, a stable Li2Te coating is formed on the surface of commercial copper mesh (LTCM) using a simple and quick method to improve lithium metal anode interfacial kinetics. Li2Te possesses a strong affinity for both Li+ and TFSI− anions, which reduces the lithium nucleation barrier and guides the formation of inorganic‐rich SEI, accelerates the diffusion of Li+, and promotes the growth of lithium metal along the plane. The highly conductive Li2Te and Cu generated by in situ lithiation reaction together constitute an effective electron‐conducting network, which synergistically enhances the interfacial kinetics and the cycling stability of LMA. As a result, the LTCM maintains high Coulombic efficiency (98%) even after 2200 cycles at 1 mA cm−2, whereas the symmetric cell has a long cycle life of over 5400 h at 1 mA cm−2. In addition, the full cells with LFP display a high capacity retention ratio (80%) after 480 cycles at 1 C and the corresponding pouch cell can cycle steadily more than 464 cycles at 1 C, which has good application prospects.
Nano‐size Joule‐Heating to Achieve Low‐Ohmic Ag–Si Contact on Boron Emitters of n‐TOPCon Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Yongsheng , Zhang Zhikun , Tan Wenchang , Chen Ziwei , Lin Yuan , Pan Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) solar cells have emerged as a leading technology for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells. Conventional metallization processes using silver/aluminum (Ag/Al) pastes encounter significant hurdles due to reliability risks and insufficient contact quality. Recent advancements in laser‐induced metallization technologies, particularly laser‐enhanced contact optimization (LECO), offer promising solutions. However, the mechanism of silver‐silicon (Ag–Si) contact formation on the P+ emitter of TOPCon cells via LECO processing remains incompletely understood. This study designs and prepares two types of glass frits (GF‐A and GF‐B) for TOPCon cells and investigates the electrical properties of corresponding devices. Advanced techniques are employed to examine the Ag–Siinterfaces. The results demonstrate that GF‐A‐based TOPCon cells (Cell‐A) outperformed GF‐B‐based cells (Cell‐B) due to the construction of a current‐confined Ag–Si interface. A composite conductive model for the Ag–Si interfaces by LECO treatment is introduced, revealing the nano‐size Joule‐heating to achieve the Ag–Si eutectic structure as the underlying formation mechanism. This work contributes to the understanding of metal‐silicon contact optimization in solar cells and introduces novel methodologies for laser‐induced synthesis and micro‐nano interface engineering.
Tractable Ridge Regression for Paired Comparisons
Authors: Varin Cristiano , Firth David 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPaired‐comparison models, such as Bradley–Terry and Thurstone–Mosteller, are commonly used to estimate relative strengths of pairwise compared items in tournament‐style data. We discuss estimation of paired‐comparison models with a ridge penalty. A new approach is derived which combines empirical Bayes and composite likelihoods without any need to refit the model, as a convenient alternative to cross‐validation of the ridge tuning parameter. Simulation studies demonstrate much better predictive accuracy of the new approach relative to ordinary maximum likelihood. A widely used alternative, the application of a standard bias‐reducing penalty, is also found to improve appreciably the performance of maximum likelihood; but the ridge penalty, with tuning as developed here, yields greater accuracy still. The methodology is illustrated through application to 28 seasons of English Premier League football.
Grounding Grids Corrosion Evaluation of Electrified Railway Based on Two‐Stage Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Chen Minwu , Zhang Yanyang , Han Jiadong , Cao Yu , Wang Shuai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to the complex soil environment and continuous traction ground return, the electrified railway grounding grids (ERGG) are easily susceptible to corrosion, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the traction power supply system (TPSS). In this paper, the corrosion evaluation model is presented based on electrical network theory. In order to solve the equations with multi‐variable and high‐dimension characteristics of the model, a two‐stage optimization (TSO) algorithm is proposed. In the first stage, the CPLEX solver (CPLEX optimizer produced by IBM) is adopted to obtain the resistance value of multiple branches, which provides the initial solver and search scope for the next step. In the second stage, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the optimal solution so as to minimize the node potential difference. Finally, a corrosion experimental system is designed and established to verify the effectiveness of the above algorithm. The results show that TSO algorithm can accurately diagnose the corrosion state of grounding conductors and adapt to the various scenarios of ERGG. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Transforming secondary teacher preparation for multilingual learners through translanguaging: Toward an integrated biliteracy and disciplinary learning framework
Authors: Lyon Edward G. , Scott Lyn , Casesa Rhianna , Spurgin Caroline , Maldonado Saúl I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStudents designated as English learners and the broader group of multilingual learners continue to face restrictive learning environments in secondary classrooms despite existing research that demonstrates how integrating literacy development with authentic and relevant disciplinary learning benefits multilingual learners and all students. To address this issue, an interdisciplinary team of biliteracy and secondary content method scholars and teacher educators used funding through the U.S. Department of Education's National Professional Development Program to (1) articulate a cohesive framework that integrates biliteracy with disciplinary learning through research‐based instructional practices and (2) explore how English, math, and science secondary content method instructors apply this framework when working with preservice teachers. The researchers connected translanguaging pedagogy, content and language/literacy integrated approaches, and a practice‐based teacher education model to develop the Biliteracy and Content Area Integrated Preparation (BCAIP) Framework. They found that participating content area secondary method instructors made progress toward applying the BCAIP framework by building upon what they already do in support of diverse learners (i.e., foundational pedagogies) as they shifted toward biliteracy‐oriented pedagogy. The authors argue that situating translanguaging in a disciplinary learning context better positions secondary teacher educators to transform how they prepare preservice teachers to serve multilingual learners.
Neurologic symptoms due to cholesteatoma in a cat with lysis of the temporal and occipital bone demonstrated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Utzmann Miriam , Slunsky Pavel , Bosch Beate , Slunsky Svenja , Mayer Ursula 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA 7‐year‐old cat was presented with vestibular signs. The cat had a history of a presumed aural polyp that had been removed via ventral bulla osteotomy 4 years prior to presentation, followed by bacterial otitis externa and media that had been treated medically and healed within 8 weeks. At representation, computed‐tomographic imaging and video‐otoscopy showed obstruction of the right tympanic bulla by a heterogeneous mass, severe lysis of the surrounding bones, and pale, friable material within the horizonal external ear canal, extruding from the middle ear. The bacterial culture was negative. Histopathologic examinations supported the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. Due to the rapid progression of the disease, the cat was humanely euthanased 2 months later. Before euthanasia, magnetic resonance imaging documented the worsening of the disease, with an increased size of the expansile lesion and progressive changes in the adjacent structures. Furthermore, additional signs of otitis interna were visible.
A Groundwater Quality Assessment Model for Water Quality Index: Combining Principal Component Analysis, Entropy Weight Method, and Coefficient of Variation Method for Dimensionality Reduction and Weight Optimization, and Its Application.
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Hu Xin , Li Bo , Wu Pan , Cai Xutao , Luo Ye , Deng Xiangzhao , Jiang Mingming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGroundwater underpins water supply for most of the world's regions, yet its sustainable utilization has been markedly compromised by inappropriate exploitation and a multitude of pollution sources. Water quality evaluation has emerged as an essential strategy to guarantee the optimized utilization and vigilant conservation of water resources. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA), entropy weight method (EWM), coefficient of variation method (CVM), and Water Quality Index (WQI) were used to construct an integrated WQI groundwater quality assessment model that integrates PCA‐CVM‐EWM for dimensionality reduction and weight optimization. Taking a village in Shandong Province, China, as an example, PCA identified seven evaluation indicators. The CVM‐EWM were coupled to calculate comprehensive weights through the principle of minimum information entropy, followed by a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality based on WQI values. The results indicated that Class III groundwater predominated in the study area, accounting for 74%, with localized pollution present. The hydrochemical type of the groundwater was primarily SO4·HCO3‐Ca, significantly influenced by human activities. The coefficients of variation for Fe, Mn, and NH4‐N all exceeded 1. Compared to other methods, the optimized WQI model demonstrated superior performance in the selection of evaluative indicators, weight distribution, and comprehensive water quality assessment, showing a distinct advantage for water quality data with numerous hydrochemical indicators and substantial coefficients of variation. The findings provided a scientific reference for diagnosing groundwater quality issues and formulating preventive and control measures.Practitioner Points
A comprehensive water quality index evaluation model was constructed.
Optimized steps for selecting indicators and assigning weights for the water quality index model.
Selection of evaluation indicators based on indicator correlation analysis.
The variability of hydrochemical data is considered.
Outcomes of a delirium prevention program after major abdominal emergency surgery: An interventional study
Authors: Finne Katrine F. , Thorup Tine , Skovsen Anders Peter G. , Tolstrup Mai‐Britt 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium is a common complication after emergency surgery. Delirium is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinical approach varies and pharmacological treatment is ineffective. We aimed to investigate if a structured non‐pharmacological multidisciplinary intervention could reduce postoperative delirium.MethodsAn interventional study including all patients aged 65 years or older undergoing major abdominal emergency surgery in an 8 month period. The intervention consisted of improved screening, staff, patient, and family education, ward modifications and nurse‐led daily motor and sensory stimulation.Data was obtained from medical records. Results were compared to an unmatched historic cohort. Primary outcome was occurrence of delirium, secondary outcomes were mortality, postoperative complications, and length of stay.Results312 patients were included, 81 in the study group and 231 in the control group. Delirium occurred in 6.2% of the interventional group compared to 15.2% in the historic cohort (p = 0.038). In a multivariate regression analysis, the rate of delirium was significantly reduced in the interventional group; OR 0.185 95% CI (0.04–0.81), p = 0.026. The 90 day mortality was 14.8% in the interventional group and 8.7% in the historic cohort (p = 0.116). The rate of overall medical complications was significantly lower in the study group (37% vs. 63%, p < 0.001). Median length of stay was 6 days in both groups.ConclusionsA structured cluster intervention may prevent the occurrence of postoperative delirium. The intervention did not reduce mortality or length of stay, but the need for supplementary nursing staff was eliminated.
Diffusion MRI Data Processing and Analysis: A Practical Guide with ExploreDTI
Authors: Connaughton Michael , Leemans Alexander , O’Hanlon Erik , McGrath Jane 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces neuroimaging researchers to the concepts and techniques of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data processing. Using the freely available ExploreDTI software, we provide a step-by-step guide for processing multi-shell High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging data and generating tractography based on constrained deconvolution. Brief explanations of the rationale behind each processing step are provided to aid the researcher in understanding the concepts and principles involved. Potential processing pitfalls will be discussed, and tips for troubleshooting common issues will be provided. An additional step-by-step guide for processing DTI data using the open-access AOMIC data set is also provided, demonstrating command-line that can also be applied to process other large neuroimaging datasets.
A Pipeline for Large-Scale Assessments of Dementia EEG Connectivity Across Multicentric Settings
Authors: Sainz-Ballesteros Agustín , Perez Jhony Alejandro Mejía , Moguilner Sebastian , Ibáñez Agustín , Prado Pavel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMulticentric initiatives based on high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) are urgently needed for the classification and characterization of disease subtypes in diverse and low-resource settings. These initiatives are challenging, with sources of variability arising from differing data acquisition and harmonization methods, multiple preprocessing pipelines, and different theoretical modes and methods to compute source space/scalp functional connectivity. Our team developed a novel pipeline aimed at the harmonization of hd-EEG datasets and dementia classification. This pipeline handles data from recording to machine learning classification based on multi-metric measures of source space connectivity. A user interface is provided for those with limited background in MATLAB. Here, we present our pipeline and provide a detailed a comprehensive step-by-step example for analysts to review the five main stages of the pipeline: data preprocessing, normalization, source transformation, connectivity metrics, and dementia classification. This detailed step-by-step pipeline may improve the assessment of heterogenous, multicentric, and multi-method approaches to functional connectivity in aging and dementia.
Deep Learning Classification Based on Raw MRI Images
Authors: Moguilner Sebastian , Ibañez Agustin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we describe a step-by-step implementation of an automated anatomical MRI feature extractor based on artificial intelligence machine learning for classification. We applied the DenseNet—a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network producing more robust results than previous deep learning network architectures—to data from male (n = 400) and female (n = 400), age-, and education- matched healthy adult subjects. Moreover, we illustrate how an occlusion sensitivity analysis provides meaningful insights about the relevant information that the neural network used to make accurate classifications. This addresses the “black-box” limitations inherent in many deep learning implementations. The use of this approach with a specific dataset demonstrates how future implementations can use raw MRI scans to study a range of outcome measures, including neurological and psychiatric disorders.