bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of transfer assessment instrument version 3.0 in individuals with acute spinal cord injury in early rehabilitation phase
Authors: Baghel Preeti , Walia Shefali , Noohu Majumi M 
Published: August 2018

Background: Transfers are very important in functional activities of subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). The transfer assessment instrument (TAI) was the first tool to standardize the assessment of transfer technique. Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of TAI 3.0 in people with SCI in early rehabilitation phase. Methods: Thirty subjects with acute traumatic SCI were recruited from a tertiary care center for SCI management. Four raters assessed the quality of transfer using TAI 3.0 and a fifth rater used global assessment of transfer scale (VAS). TAI 3.0’s intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intrarater and interrater reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), limits of agreement and concurrent validity was determined. Results: The intrarater ICC was 0.93 to 0.98 and interrater ICC was 0.99, indicating high levels of reliability. The SEMs among the raters for TAI 3.0 total was from 0.23 to 0.28. The MDC among the raters TAI 3.0 total was from 0.54 to 0.86. Correlation for different raters between the TAI 3.0 and VAS ranged between 0.88 and 0.90. Conclusion: TAI 3.0 is a reliable and valid tool to assess the transfer skill in individuals with SCI in early rehabilitation phase.
Impacts of Neighborhood Characteristics on Treatment and Outcomes in Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: Zhang Shiyang , Liu Ying , Yun Shumei , Lian Min , Komaie Goldie , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: This study examines associations of neighborhood characteristics with treatment and outcomes of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.
Methods: From the Missouri Cancer Registry, we identified 9,195 women with DCIS diagnosed between 1996 and 2011. A composite index using U.S. Census data and American Community Survey data was developed to assess census tract–level socioeconomic deprivation, and rural–urban commuting area codes were used to define rural census tracts. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the treatment were estimated using logistic regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) of DCIS outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.
Results: Women in the most socioeconomically deprived census tracts were more likely than those in the least deprived to have mastectomy (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25–1.66; Ptrend &lt; 0.0001), no surgery (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.02–2.30; Ptrend = 0.04), no radiotherapy post-breast conserving surgery (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.56–2.31; Ptrend&lt;0.0001), delayed radiotherapy (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01–1.57; Ptrend = 0.02), and ipsilateral breast tumors (HR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07–2.38; Ptrend = 0.03). There was no significant difference in risk of contralateral breast tumors. Compared with urban women, rural women had significantly higher odds of underutilization of radiotherapy (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08–1.53). Rural locations were not associated with risk of ipsilateral or contralateral breast tumors.
Conclusions: Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with higher risks of suboptimal treatment and ipsilateral breast tumors. While DCIS treatment significantly varied by rural/urban locations, we did not observe any statistically significant rural–urban differences in risks of second breast tumors.
Impact: Neighborhood attributes may affect treatment and outcomes of patients with DCIS. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1298–306. ©2018 AACR.
Evolutionary-Concordance Lifestyle and Diet and Mediterranean Diet Pattern Scores and Risk of Incident Colorectal Cancer in Iowa Women
Authors: Cheng En , Um Caroline Y. , Prizment Anna E. , Lazovich DeAnn , Bostick Roberd M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Whereas diet and lifestyle are strongly implicated in the etiology of colorectal cancer, single exposures generally are weakly and inconsistently associated with the disease. Exposure patterns may be more helpful for investigating diet and lifestyle–colorectal cancer associations. Evolutionary-concordance diet and Mediterranean diet pattern scores were previously found to be inversely associated with colorectal adenoma.
Methods: To investigate associations of these diet scores and an evolutionary-concordance lifestyle score (comprising smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index) with incident colorectal cancer, we analyzed data from the prospective Iowa Women's Health Study. Diet and lifestyle scores were calculated for each participant and categorized into quintiles, and associations estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Of the 35,221 55- to 69-year-old cancer-free women at baseline, 1,731 developed colorectal cancer during follow-up. The multivariable-adjusted HR comparing persons in the highest relative to the lowest quintile of the lifestyle score was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.78; Ptrend &lt; 0.01). Although the estimated associations of the evolutionary-concordance diet and Mediterranean diet scores alone with colorectal cancer were null, relative to those in the lowest tertiles of both the evolutionary-concordance diet and lifestyle scores, those in the highest tertiles of both scores were at the lowest risk (Pinteraction &lt; 0.01).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a more evolutionary-concordant lifestyle, alone and in interaction with a more evolutionary-concordant diet pattern, may be inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk.
Impact: These results support further investigation of colorectal cancer etiology using evolutionary-concordance dietary and lifestyle pattern scores. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1195–202. ©2018 AACR.
Determinants for Participation in Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling among Nonattenders to Cervical Cancer Screening in Denmark
Authors: Harder Elise , Thomsen Louise T. , Hertzum-Larsen Rasmus , Albieri Vanna , Hessner Marie Vik , Juul Kirsten Egebjerg , Bonde Jesper , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground: Offering human papillomavirus–based self-sampling to nonparticipants in routine cervical cancer screening can increase screening participation. However, little is known about characteristics of women who accept self-sampling. In this population-based study, we investigated determinants for participation in self-sampling among Danish nonattenders to routine cervical cancer screening.Methods: During 2014 to 2015, a random sample of screening nonparticipants ages 27 to 65 years living in the Capital Region of Denmark were invited for self-sampling. Of 21,314 eligible women, 4,743 participated in self-sampling. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and mental and physical health of all the women was obtained from nationwide registries, and 3,707 women completed a questionnaire on lifestyle, sexual behavior, and reasons for nonparticipation in routine screening. We used logistic regression to estimate ORs for participation in self-sampling, crude, and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.Results: Basic education [ORadjusted = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72−0.88], low income (ORadjusted = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.59–0.73), origin from a nonwestern country (ORadjusted = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.38−0.48), and being unmarried (ORadjusted = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61−0.72) were associated with lower self-sampling participation. Long-term unscreened women (ORadjusted = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.45−0.53), women with prior schizophrenia or other psychoses (ORadjusted = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48−0.80), women with poor self-perceived health (ORadjusted = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.25−0.69), and women who perceived screening as unnecessary (ORadjusted = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37−0.80) or irrelevant (ORadjusted = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.78−0.96) were less likely to self-sample.Conclusions: Certain population groups, including women with low socioeconomic position or of nonwestern origin, were less likely to participate in self-sampling.Impact: Targeted approaches may be needed to increase screening participation in these groups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1342–51. ©2018 AACR.
Enhanced Radiosensitivity in Solid Tumors using a Tumor-selective Alkyl Phospholipid Ether Analog
Authors: Elsaid Mohamed Y. , Shahi Ankita , Wang Albert R. , Baiu Dana C. , Li Chunrong , Werner Lauryn R. , Singhal Sorabh , Hall Lance T. , Weichert Jamey P. , Armstrong Eric A. , Bednarz Bryan P. , Harari Paul M. , Iyer Gopal , Otto Mario 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Antitumor alkyl phospholipid (APL) analogs comprise a group of structurally related molecules with remarkable tumor selectivity. Some of these compounds have shown radiosensitizing capabilities. CLR127 is a novel, clinical-grade antitumor APL ether analog, a subtype of synthetic APL broadly targeting cancer cells with limited uptake in normal tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CLR127 to modulate radiation response across several adult and pediatric cancer types in vitro as well as in murine xenograft models of human prostate adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. In vitro, CLR127 demonstrated selective uptake in cancer cells compared to normal cells. In cancer cells, CLR127 treatment prior to radiation significantly decreased clonogenic survival in vitro, and led to increased radiation-induced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breakage compared with radiation alone, which was not observed in normal controls. In animal models, CLR127 effectively increased the antitumor response to fractionated radiotherapy and led to delayed tumor regrowth at potentially clinically achievable doses. In conclusion, our study highlights the ability of CLR127 to increase radiation response in several cancer types. Given almost universal uptake of CLR127 in malignant cells, future research should test whether the observed effects can be extended to other tumor types. Our data provide a strong rationale for clinical testing of CLR127 as a tumor-targeted radiosensitizing agent. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2320–8. ©2018 AACR.
Increased Genetic Instability and Accelerated Progression of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer through Intestinal Epithelium–specific Deletion ofKlf4
Authors: Yang Vincent W. , Liu Yang , Kim Julie , Shroyer Kenneth R. , Bialkowska Agnieszka B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractKrüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc finger transcription factor, regulates homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. Previously, it was reported that KLF4 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Here, evidence demonstrates that KLF4 mitigates the development and progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in a murine model. Mice with intestinal epithelium–specific deletion of Klf4 (Klf4ΔIS) and control mice (Klf4fl/fl) were used to explore the role of KLF4 in the development of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC. Upon AOM and DSS treatment, KLF4 expression was progressively lost in colonic tissues of Klf4fl/fl mice during tumor development. Klf4ΔIS mice treated with AOM/DSS developed significantly more adenomatous polyps and carcinomas in situ in comparison with treated Klf4fl/fl mice. Adenomatous polyps, but not normal-appearing mucosa, from colonic tissues of treated Klf4ΔIS mice contained a significantly increased number of mitotic cells with more than 2 centrosomes relative to treated control mice. KLF4 and p53 colocalize to the centrosomes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). Absence of KLF4 in Klf4−/− MEFs inhibits and its overexpression restores p53 localization to the centrosomes in Klf4−/− MEFs.Implications:Taken together, these results indicate that KLF4 plays a protective role against progression of CAC by guarding against genetic instability.
Madam Snake White: A Case Study on Virtual Reality Continuum Applications for Singaporean Culture and Heritage at Haw Par Villa
Authors: Cai Yiyu , Zheng Jianmin , Zhang Yuzhe , Wu Xiaoqun , Chen Yong , Tan Bingquan , Yang Bianyue , Liu Tianrui , Thalmann Nadia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this article, we describe a project on the use of Virtual Reality Continuum (VRC) for applications in culture and heritage. Haw Par Villa, a local heritage site in Singapore, is selected to demonstrate the entire process of VRC-enhanced digitization from laser scanning to 3D mapping and to 3D prototyping, using Madam Snake White as an example. The objective of the research is to investigate an effective and integrated solution to developing VRC applications for culture and heritage. Efforts are made for fidelity in the 3D modeling of the existing heritage for multiple applications, with the aim to popularize them in a simple and effective manner. In particular, in the case of Madam Snake White, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of digitization, 3D mapping, and 3D printing. We also discuss the use of online and interactive Madam Snake White as VRC heritage. A small group of volunteers were invited to a trial and their feedback was positive. Future work includes the application of VRC-enabled heritage for humanities education in local schools.
Data-Driven Modeling for Chinese Ancient Architecture
Authors: Ren Pu , Wang Yan , Zhou Mingquan , Wu Zhongke , Zhou Pengbo , Zhang Juan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The existing 3D modeling studies of Chinese ancient architecture are mostly procedure driven and rely on fixed construction rules. Therefore, these methods have limited applications in virtual reality (VR) engineering. We propose a data-driven approach to synthesize 3D models from existing 3D data that provides more flexibility and fills the gap between academic studies and VR engineering. First, 3D architecture models were preprocessed and decomposed into components, and the components were clustered by their geometric features. Second, a Bayesian network was generated by learning from the dataset to represent the internal relationships between the architectural components. Third, the inference results of the trained network were utilized to generate a reasonable relationship matching to support the synthesis of the structural components. The proposed method can be used in 3D content creation for VR development and directly supports VR applications in practice.
Evaluating Learnability in a 3D Heritage Tour
Authors: Zamora-Musa Ronald , Vélez Jeimy , Paez-Logreira Heyder 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The implementation of 3D virtual reality (VR) environments to represent human culture and heritage has been growing during the last two decades as a result of information and communication technologies (ICT) development. Precisely, regarding virtual heritage development, some weaknesses have been detected such as “lifeless“ environments lacking interaction, and research still under development on learning assessment. In this article, a VR environment is presented, through users taking a virtual tour visiting some elements of cultural heritage of the island of San Andrés, Colombia. In the tour, users participate in a 3D VR environment, answering questions and learning about the cultural heritage of the island. Also, the usability of the VR environment is assessed through SUMI (Software Usability Measurement Inventory) standard ISO9241-11 evaluating aspects such as usefulness and learnability. The results demonstrate that with the implementation of a VR environment about heritage, the users achieved optimum performance with an 80% average of correct answers and a high correlation between learning and the usability of the 3D VR environment.
Propositions and the Meaning of ‘Ought’
Authors: Fusco Melissa 
Published: August 2018

Matthew Chrisman’s new book, The Meaning of ‘Ought’: Beyond Descriptivism and Expressivism in Metaethics, presents a semantic treatment of the deontic modal operator Ought designed to address the problem of subject-sensitivity: why, for example, “I ought to dance with you” might be true, while “You ought to dance with me” is false. Such sentence-pairs challenge the view that Ought is an operator on propositions—an assumption which is common ground amongst both classical and much contemporary work. Chrisman argues that rather than propositions, the operator Ought takes as its argument a non-propositional formal object called a practition. In this review, I discuss the inspiration and formal features of this treatment. While I argue that the distinction between practitions and propositions is not adequately characterized in Chrisman’s compositional semantics, subject-sensitivity raises interesting questions about the metaethical assumptions at play in the formal semantics—including the worry that treating Ought as a propositional operator illicitly begs the question in favor of broadly consequentialist views.
21stCentury Cures for the Opioid Crisis: Promise, Impact, and Missed Opportunities
Authors: Beletsky Leo 
Published: August 2018

Signed into law in 2016, the landmark 21stCentury Cures Act is as complex as it is divisive. For some stakeholders, including patient groups and representatives of regulated industries, the Act represented a major leap forward in pharmaceutical innovation, human subjects protections, and numerous other provisions. For other observers, this legislation was characterized as a major rollback in important regulations, which would leave patients worse off and the payers holding the bag. The one element of the Act that was relatively uncontroversial covered a number of provisions related to addressing the opioid crisis.This was by design. Provisions related to this issue were not part of the original legislation and were added to win over additional members of Congress who needed to be brought along to support the legislation. Many of the statute's provisions were intertwined with the Comprehensive Addiction Recovery Act (“CARA”) passed previously, but that legislation was stripped of much of its funding for opioid crisis response.
Accuracy of Neck Ultrasonography in Predicting the Size and Location of Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Stern Sagit , Tzelnick Sharon , Mizrachi Aviram , Cohen Maya , Shpitzer Thomas , Bachar Gideon 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesUltrasonography (US) is a reliable tool for the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas (PTAs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of US for estimating both the size and the location of PTAs and the effect of operator expertise.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA single tertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsAll patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism between 1996 and 2012 were included. The estimated PTA localization and size by preoperative ultrasound were compared with the intraoperative findings and pathology report.ResultsThe cohort included 410 patients. US correctly localized the adenoma in 76% of cases with a sensitivity of 76.2% and a positive predictive value of 86.8%. Measurements were least accurate for adenomas measuring <1 cm in diameter (24%). Scans made by a single senior operator specializing in the neck had a higher accuracy rate than scans made by multiple operators, with a significant difference for small adenomas (P <. 001).ConclusionsUS is an accurate and sensitive tool for evaluating PTA size and location. Neck US is less accurate for small adenomas (<1 cm). In these cases particularly, the experience and expertise of the US operator may play an important role.
Barriers and Facilitators to Effective Inpatient Palliative Care Consultations: A Qualitative Analysis of Interviews With Palliative Care and Nonpalliative Care Providers
Authors: McDarby Meghan , Carpenter Brian D. 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To identify factors that hinder or facilitate the palliative care consultation team’s (PCCT) successful collaboration with other providers from the perspectives of both PCCT and nonpalliative specialists. Methods: Qualitative study, including semistructured interviews with PCCT and nonpalliative care providers from various specialties at 4 Midwestern hospitals. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed into written text documents for thematic analysis. Palliative care consultation team (n = 19) and nonpalliative care providers (n = 29) were interviewed at their respective hospital sites or via telephone. Palliative care consultation team providers included physicians, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, social workers, and one chaplain. Specialists included critical care physicians, surgeons, hospitalists, nephrologists, oncologists, and cardiologists. Results: Six themes emerged reflecting barriers to and facilitators of successful collaboration between the PCCT and other providers. Primary barriers included attitudes about palliative care, lack of knowledge about the role of the PCCT, and patient and family resistance. Facilitators included marketing of the palliative care service and education about the expertise of the PCCT. Conclusion: In order to engage in more effective collaboration with other specialty providers, the PCCT may consider strategies including structured educational interventions, increased visibility in the hospital, and active marketing of the utility of palliative care across disciplines.
Apathy in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: Psychometric Validation of the Apathy Evaluation Scale
Authors: Umucu Emre , Wyman Mary , Lee Beatrice , Zuelsdorff Megan , Benton Susan Flowers , Nystrom Naomi , Johnson Sterling C. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Asthana Sanjay , Gleason Carey E. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to validate the Apathy Evaluation Scale, self-rated version (AES-S), and assess the severity of apathy in a cognitively healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: Three hundred and sixteen middle-aged adults were selected to represent a subset of the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Clinical Core: the Investigating Memory in People At-risk, Causes and Treatments cohort. Results: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation identified 3 subscales: apathy, disinterest, and social withdrawal factors. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the EFA findings. Results indicated acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The AES-S is a reliable instrument to quantify apathy in cognitively healthy middle-aged individuals at risk for AD. Discussion: This study demonstrates the AES-S is a psychometrically sound measurement tool for assessing levels of apathy in a cognitively healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD.
Moving beyond categories and dimensions in personality pathology assessment and diagnosis
Authors: Huprich Steven K. 
Published: August 2018

It has been suggested that a dimensional model of personality pathology should be adopted for the development and refinement of personality disorder classification. In this article, the advantages and challenges of moving toward a dimensional model are briefly reviewed. However, it is suggested that although categories and dimensions are valuable frameworks for personality pathology diagnosis, an expansion beyond categories and dimensions is needed to improve the shortcoming seen in current diagnostic systems. Ideas and examples are offered for how this might occur.Declaration of interestNone.