bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic landscape of lymphoepithelioma‐like hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chan Anthony W‐H , Zhang Zhe , Chong Charing C‐N , Tin Edith K‐Y , Chow Chit , Wong Nathalie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLymphoepithelioma‐like hepatocellular carcinoma (LEL‐HCC) is a distinct variant of HCC that is characterized by dense tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients with LEL‐HCC also show better clinical outcomes compared to conventional HCC (c‐HCC), which is commonly presented with low TIL. Emerging evidence has begun to highlight tumor‐intrinsic genetic abnormalities in the tumor–host immune interfaces. However, genome‐wide characterization of LEL‐HCC remains largely unexplored. Here, we defined the genomic landscape of 12 LEL‐HCC using whole‐exome sequencing, and further underpinned those genetic alterations related to an immune active microenvironment by comparing findings to 15 c‐HCC that were sequenced in parallel. Overall, the mutational load between LEL‐HCC and c‐HCC was similar. Interestingly, SNV incidences of specific genes (CTNNB1, AXIN1, NOTCH1, and NOTCH2) were significantly higher in c‐HCC than LEL‐HCC, suggesting a plausible link between activated Wnt/β‐catenin and Notch signaling pathways and immune avoidance. Marked focal amplification of chromosome 11q13.3 was prevalent in LEL‐HCC. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we further established oncogenes expressed from chromosome 11q13.3 (CCND1, FGF19, and FGF4) to be strongly associated with the immune checkpoint signature (CD274, PDCD1, BTLA, CTLA4, HAVCR2, IDO1, and LAG3). Our results have illustrated for the first time the somatic landscape of LEL‐HCC, and highlighted molecular alterations that could be exploited in combinatory therapy with checkpoint inhibitors in targeting HCC. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of PGT‐M and PGT‐SR outcomes at a Canadian fertility clinic
Authors: Butler Rachel , Nakhuda Gary , Guimond Colleen , Jing Chen , Lee Nora , Hitkari Jason , Tallon Niamh , Taylor Beth , Yuzpe Albert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOutcomes from in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intrauterine insemination (ICSI) cycles for patients who underwent preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene (PGT‐M) and structural chromosome rearrangements (PGT‐SR) patients were reviewed. Patients pursuing PGT‐M and PGT‐SR often do not have pre‐existing fertility issues and therefore may have uncertain expectations of successful outcomes. Before pursuing PGT‐M and PGT‐SR, patients require evidence‐based counseling regarding the probability of having a healthy child.MethodRetrospective review from a single private IVF clinic of 73 PGT patients, from whom a total of 437 blastocysts were biopsied and screened. Embryo results and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOf the 45 PGT‐M patients, 64.4% had at least one euploid unaffected embryo. The cumulative pregnancy rate for patients who had embryo transfers in this group was 89.7%, with an ongoing pregnancy or delivery rate of 48.9%. For the 28 PGT‐SR patients, 60.7% had at least one euploid unaffected embryo. The cumulative pregnancy rate for patients who had embryo transfers in this group was 87.5%, with an ongoing pregnancy or delivery rate of 42.9%.ConclusionThis information can supplement the existing data in the literature to counsel new patients in terms of realistic expectations of success following PGT‐M and PGT‐SR.
Fetal pleural effusion: Contemporary methods of genetic evaluation
Authors: Weissbach Tal , Kushnir Anya , Rasslan Rana , Rosenblatt Orgad , Yinon Yoav , Berkenstadt Michal , Weisz Boaz , Mazaki Tovi Shali , Kassif Eran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the contribution of chromosomal microarray (CMA) and other advanced genetic tests to the genetic evaluation of fetal pleural effusion (FPE) and to identify parameters that might assist in predicting genetic abnormality.MethodsA retrospective study of FPE cases referred between 2013 and 2018 was conducted. Cases that underwent genetic evaluation were divided into two groups, chromosomally normal and genetically abnormal. The types and prevalence of genetic abnormalities were reported. Clinical and sonographic parameters were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine an association between different parameters and genetic abnormality.ResultsSixty‐two cases were included in the study. Forty‐eight cases were genetically assessed (karyotype, CMA, whole exome sequencing, Noonan panel, or a combination). A clinically significant genetic abnormality was detected in 29.17% (14/48) of cases. Aneuploidy and single gene disorders were found in 78.6% (11/14) and 21.4% (3/14) of abnormal cases. Four additional cases had microdeletion/duplications detected, yet none were of clinical significance. Multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of anomalies was statistically associated with genetic abnormality (95% CI, 1.144‐168.2; 0.039).ConclusionIn our cohort, CMA did not demonstrate an additional clinical yield over karyotyping. The presence of anomalies was independently associated with underlying genetic abnormality.
Characterization of Interfacial Micro‐Structures of Explosive‐Binder Composites by Gas Permeation
Authors: Li Shichun , Xu Jinjiang , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe interface between explosive and binder in plastic‐bonded explosives (PBXs) plays an important role in their properties such as thermal and mechanical stability, and also their performance in detonation processes. However, characterization of their interfacial micro‐structures remains challenging, due to the sensitive nature of the explosive material, and the extremely thin nature of the interface. This work demonstrates a concept of characterizing interfacial structures between explosives and binders by gas permeation. The N2 permeability data of composite films of cyclotetramethylene‐tetranitramine (HMX) particles dispersed in fluororubber binder (copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoro‐ethylene, F2311) were tested and fitted by using gas transport mechanism theory, e. g. the Hashemifard‐Ismail‐Matsuura (HIM) model, and the Knudsen diffusion equation. The results indicate the presence of voids of thickness 2.2 nm between HMX and F2311, consistent with the results of neutron reflection and thermal conductivity measurements. These interfacial voids are considered to be related to the surface roughness of HMX particles. This work provides an alternative characterization technique for, as well as a new insight into, the interface between HMX and F2311.
A new Bayesian multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart for phase II monitoring of multivariate multiple linear profiles
Authors: Ahmadi Yazdi Ahmad , Zeinal Hamadani Ali , Amiri Amirhossein , Grzegorczyk Marco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, statistical profile monitoring methods have become efficient tools for monitoring the quality of a product (or a production process) using control charts. The key idea is to describe the relationship between a response variable and a set of explanatory variables in the form of a statistical regression model, which called profile. Traditionally, those control charts are constructed with standard “frequentistic” regression models. Recently, it has been proposed to apply Bayesian regression models instead, and it has been empirically demonstrated that Bayesian regression models have the potential to perform significantly better. In this paper, we introduce a novel Bayesian multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart for monitoring multivariate multiple linear profiles in phase II. The key idea is to use the data from historical data sets to generate informative prior distributions for the regression models in phase II. The results of our empirical simulation studies show that the Bayesian multivariate multiple linear regression model is superior to its classical “frequentistic” counterpart in terms of the average run length. Our empirical findings are in agreement with findings reported in recently published articles. To shed more light onto the merit of the proposed Bayesian method, we carry out a sensitivity analysis, in which we investigate how the amount of phase I data influences the results. We also demonstrate the applicability and superiority of the proposed Bayesian method by a real‐world application.
Far‐Red to Near‐Infrared Carbon Dots: Preparation and Applications in Biotechnology
Authors: Shi Xinxin , Meng Hongmin , Sun Yuanqiang , Qu Lingbo , Lin Yuehe , Li Zhaohui , Du Dan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs novel fluorescent nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) exhibit excellent photostability, good biocompatibility, and high quantum yield (QY). Their superior properties make them promising candidates for biomedical assays and therapy. Among them, the red‐emission (>600 nm) CDs have attracted increasing attention in the past years due to their little damage to the biological matrix, deep tissue penetration, and minimum autofluorescence background of biosamples. This Review, summarizes the recent progress of far‐red to near‐infrared (NIR) CDs from the preparation and their biological applications. The challenges in designing far‐red and NIR CDs and their further applications in biomedical fields are also discussed.
Additive Manufacturing of Nanostructures That Are Delicate, Complex, and Smaller than Ever
Authors: Gross Andrew J. , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing with two‐photon polymerization (TPP) has opened new opportunities for the rapid fabrication of 3D structures with sub‐micrometer resolution, but there are still many fabrication constraints associated with this technique. This study details a postprocessing method utilizing oxygen‐plasma etching to increase the capabilities of TPP. Underutilized precision in the typical fabrication process allows this subtractive technique to dramatically reduce the minimum achievable feature size. Moreover, since the postprocessing occurs in a dry environment, high aspect ratio features that cannot survive the typical fabrication route can also be achieved. Finally, it is shown that the technique also provides a pathway to realize structures that otherwise are too delicate to be fabricated with TPP, as it enables to introduce temporary support material that can be removed with the plasma. As such, the proposed approach grants access to a massively expanded design domain, providing new capabilities that are long sought in many fields, including optics, biology, robotics, and solid mechanics.
The effect of operator experience on scanning time in ultrasound assessment of the shoulder
Authors: McLoughlin Emer , Murphy Jennifer , Iqbal Aamer , McGarry Sharon , James Steven L. , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere has been a significant increase in ultrasound imaging over the past three decades that has resulted in a strain on imaging departments including in musculoskeletal subspeciality where resources are already stretched to meet targets in United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS). We performed a retrospective study to assess the effect of operator experience on scanning duration in ultrasound assessment of the shoulder.MethodFour different operators (one sonographer and three consultant musculoskeletal radiologists) with experience ranging from 1 to 10 years were included in the study. A total of 100 consecutive shoulder ultrasound examinations were reviewed, with each operator having performed 25 of these scans.ResultsThe scanning duration decreased with increasing experience in operators 1 to 3; however, operator 4, who had the most scanning experience, was found to have a statistically significant longer scanning duration when compared with operator 3, and this reflected the presence of a radiology trainee in operator 4's ultrasound session.ConclusionThere is decrease in scanning duration with experience, and this would help for workforce planning and accurate scheduling of ultrasound lists.
ISUOG Practice Guidelines: ultrasound assessment of fetal biometry and growth
Authors: Salomon L.J. , Alfirevic Z. , Da Silva Costa F. , Deter R.L. , Figueras F. , Ghi T. , Glanc P. , Khalil A. , Lee W. , Napolitano R. , Papageorghiou A. , Sotiriadis A. , Stirnemann J. , Toi A. , Yeo G. 
Published: June 2019

INTRODUCTIONThese Guidelines aim to describe appropriate assessment of fetal biometry and diagnosis of fetal growth disorders. These disorders consist mainly of fetal growth restriction (FGR), also referred to as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and often associated with small‐for‐gestational age (SGA), and large‐for‐gestational age (LGA), which may lead to fetal macrosomia; both have been associated with a variety of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Screening for, and adequate management of, fetal growth abnormalities are essential components of antenatal care, and fetal ultrasound plays a key role in assessment of these conditions.The fetal biometric parameters measured most commonly are biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur diaphysis length (FL). These biometric measurements can be used to estimate fetal weight (EFW) using various different formulae1. It is important to differentiate between the concept of fetal size at a given timepoint and fetal growth, the latter being a dynamic process, the assessment of which requires at least two ultrasound scans separated in time. Maternal history and symptoms, amniotic fluid assessment and Doppler velocimetry can provide additional information that may be used to identify fetuses at risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.Accurate estimation of gestational age is a prerequisite for determining whether fetal size is appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA). Except for pregnancies arising from assisted reproductive technology, the date of conception cannot be determined precisely. Clinically, most pregnancies are dated by the last menstrual period, though this may sometimes be uncertain or unreliable. Therefore, dating pregnancies by early ultrasound examination at 8–14 weeks, based on measurement of the fetal crown–rump length (CRL), appears to be the most reliable method to establish gestational age. Once the CRL exceeds 84 mm, HC should be used for pregnancy dating2–4. HC, with or without FL, can be used for estimation of gestational age from the mid‐trimester if a first‐trimester scan is not available and the menstrual history is unreliable. When the expected delivery date has been established by an accurate early scan, subsequent scans should not be used to recalculate the gestational age1. Serial scans can be used to determine if interval growth has been normal.In these Guidelines, we assume that the gestational age is known and has been determined as described above, the pregnancy is singleton and the fetal anatomy is normal. Details of the grades of recommendation used in these Guidelines are given in Appendix 1. Reporting of levels of evidence is not applicable to these Guidelines.
K‐K electron capture from adenine and CO2 molecule by fast carbon ions using KLL‐Auger electron technique
Authors: Bagdia Chandan , Bhattacharjee Shamik , Roychowdhury Madhusree , Mandal Anuvab , Lapicki Gregory , Tribedi Lokesh C. 
Published: June 2019

The experimental measurement of total electron transfer cross section in Bragg peak energy region is important to understand energy loss in the biomolecular system. In this study, we have measured state selective, K‐K electron capture and K‐ionization cross sections for adenine (C 5H 5N 5) in collisions with fast (2.5–5 MeV/u) C ions. These are compared with the data for smaller gas molecule, CO 2. These are derived from a study of the KLL‐Auger electron emission yields as a function projectile charge state. The K‐ionization cross‐section (σKI) data are compared with the ECUSAR (united and separated atom [USA] approximation with energy loss [E], Coulomb deflection [C], and relativistic [R] corrections) model calculation. The measured σKI data and the calculations are in good agreement. The K‐K transfer cross‐section (σK−K) data are compared with the CPSSR (perturbed stationary state [PSS] with Coulomb deflection [C] and relativistic corrections [R]) calculation that underestimates the measured data for such symmetric collision system. The energy dependence of σK−K for adenine is found to be flat in contrast to a sharp variation predicted by the model. The K‐transfer cross section is found to be substantial fraction of the K‐ionization.
Dynamic perfect plasticity and damage in viscoelastic solids
Authors: Davoli Elisa , Roubíček Tomáš , Stefanelli Ulisse 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper we analyze an isothermal and isotropic model for viscoelastic media combining linearized perfect plasticity (allowing for concentration of plastic strain and development of shear bands) and damage effects in a dynamic setting. The interplay between the viscoelastic rheology with inertia, elasto‐plasticity, and unidirectional rate‐dependent incomplete damage affecting both the elastic and viscous response, as well as the plastic yield stress, is rigorously characterized by showing existence of weak solutions to the constitutive and balance equations of the model. The analysis relies on the notions of plastic‐strain measures and bounded‐deformation displacements, on sophisticated time‐regularity estimates to establish a duality between acceleration and velocity of the elastic displacement, on the theory of rate‐independent processes for the energy conservation in the dynamical‐plastic part, and on the proof of the strong convergence of the elastic strains. Existence of suitably defined weak solutions (even conserving energy) is proved rather constructively by using a staggered two‐step time discretization scheme.
Does an Asset Owner’s Institutional Setting Influence Its Decision to Sign the Principles for Responsible Investment?
Authors: Hoepner Andreas G. F. , Majoch Arleta A. A. , Zhou Xiao Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFrom a simple idea to unite asset owners in their quest for responsible investment (RI) at its launch in April 2006, the United Nations supported Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) have grown in just one decade into an initiative with more than 1500 fee-paying signatories. Jointly, the PRI’s signatories hold assets worth more than $80 trillion, making it one of the more prevalent not-for-profit organizations worldwide. Furthermore, the PRI’s ambitious mission to transform the financial system at large into a more sustainable one makes it a worthwhile subject of inquiry from an institutional perspective. We undertake an empirical investigation of the adoption of the PRI by asset owners during five crucial years of the association’s emergence: 2007–2011. Following a tripartite view of institutional theory proposed by Scott (Institutions and organizations. Foundations for organizational science, A Sage Publication Series, London, 1995), we explore if regulative, normative, and cultural–cognitive factors influence an asset owner’s decision to subscribe to the PRI. Applying both parametric and non-parametric survival analysis, we find that asset owners are indeed significantly affected by normative, cultural–cognitive, and regulative aspects. In particular, (i) public service employee and labor union pension funds (ii) from social backgrounds more culturally aligned with values represented by the RI movement (iii) with historically more voluntary legislation on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues are most likely to sign the PRI. In contrast, institutional environments with a higher number of pre-existing mandatory ESG regulation decrease the likelihood of signing the PRI. Our results indicate that normative and cultural–cognitive factors were crucial contributors to the PRI’s growth. With respect to the regulative environments, our results imply that some asset owners may use the PRI as a collective industry initiative to substitute for mandatory legislation. Conversely, a high level of historical mandatory legislation may constrain organizational resources that could otherwise be dedicated to voluntary initiatives such as PRI. Our findings are robust to relevant controls and econometric concerns.
The Role of Academic Partnership in Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seifi Bahar , Seyedin Hesam , Ghanizadeh Ghader 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the community-based academic partnership roles in disaster risk management.Methods:The assessment of the documents was conducted by reviewing abstracts and full papers of the available studies, which provided considerable background and promoted knowledge in academic interventional roles in disaster risk management. The articles were searched with a wide range of key words related to the research topic. The studies included the research available between 2000 and September 2017 in the English language. The selection of articles was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.Results:Of 997 articles, we selected 12 full-text articles that met the criteria for the final review based on the study objective. The results show that, although universities can play multidirectional roles in disaster risk management phases, the development of the academic partnership potential and collaboration for disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction for stakeholders is necessary.Conclusion:The universities’ potential in providing sufficient disaster health literacy is not currently considered important enough in communities.Therefore, the proper context-bound models of development based on a community’s skills and universities’ potential should receive more attention.
Dynamics and flow coupling in two-layer turbulent thermal convection
Authors: Xie Yi-Chao , Xia Ke-Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present an experimental investigation of the dynamics and flow coupling of convective turbulent flows in a cylindrical Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) cell with two immiscible fluids, water and Fluorinert FC-77 electronic liquid (FC77). With the lighter water above FC77, the latter is under the condition of constant heat flux at its top and bottom boundaries. It is found that one large-scale circulation (LSC) roll exists in each of the fluid layers, and that their circulation planes have two preferred azimuthal orientations separated by ${\sim }\mathrm{\pi} $. A surprising finding of the study is that cessations/reversals of the LSC in FC77 of the two-layer system occur much more frequently than they do in single-layer turbulent RBC, and that a cessation is most likely to result in a flow reversal of the LSC, which is in sharp contrast with the uniform distribution of the orientational angular change of the LSC before and after cessations in single-layer turbulent RBC. This implies that the dynamics governing cessations and reversals in the two systems are very different. Two coupling modes, thermal coupling (the flow directions of the two LSCs are opposite to each other at the fluid–fluid interface) and viscous coupling (the flow directions of the two LSCs are the same at the fluid–fluid interface), are identified, with the former as the predominant mode. That most cessations (in the FC77 layer) end up as reversals can be understood as a symmetry breaking imposed by the orientation of the LSC in the water layer, which remains unchanged most of the time. Furthermore, the frequently occurring cessations and reversals are caused by the system switching between its two metastable states, i.e. thermal and viscous coupling modes. It is also observed that the strength of the LSC in water becomes weaker when the LSC in FC77 rotates faster azimuthally and that the flow strength in FC77 becomes stronger when the LSC in water rotates faster azimuthally, i.e. the influence of the LSC in one fluid layer on the other is not symmetric.