bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐in‐One Phototheranostics: Single Laser Triggers NIR‐II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic/Chemo Combination Therapy
Authors: Wang Qi , Dai Yeneng , Xu Jingzeng , Cai Jie , Niu Xinrui , Zhang Lei , Chen Runfeng , Shen Qingming , Huang Wei , Fan Quli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopment of single near‐infrared (NIR) laser triggered phototheranostics for multimodal imaging guided combination therapy is highly desirable but is still a big challenge. Herein, a novel small‐molecule dye DPP‐BT is designed and synthesized, which shows strong absorption in the first NIR window (NIR‐I) and fluorescence emission in the second NIR region (NIR‐II). Such a dye not only acts as a dual‐modal contrast agent for NIR‐II fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, but also serves as a combined therapeutic agent for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The single NIR laser triggered all‐in‐one phototheranostic nanoparticles are constructed by encapsulating the dye DPP‐BT, chemotherapy drug DOX, and natural phase‐change materials with a folic acid functionalized amphiphile. Notably, under NIR laser irradiation, DOX can effectively release from such nanoparticles via NIR‐induced hyperthermia of DPP‐BT. By intravenous injection of such nanoparticles into Hela tumor‐bearing mice, the tumor size and location can be accurately observed via NIR‐II fluorescence/PA dual‐modal imaging. From in vitro and in vivo therapy results, such nanoparticles simultaneously present remarkable antitumor efficacy by PTT/PDT/chemo combination therapy, which is triggered by a single NIR laser. Overall, this work provides an innovative strategy to design and construct all‐in‐one nanoplatforms for clinical phototheranostics.
Optimized White Reflectance in Photonic‐Network Structures
Authors: Utel Francesco , Cortese Lorenzo , Wiersma Diederik S. , Pattelli Lorenzo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract3D disordered networks are receiving increasing attention as they represent a versatile architecture for highly scattering materials. However, due to their complex morphology, little is known about the interplay between their structural and optical properties. A simple algorithm that allows for the generation of photonic‐network structures inspired by that of the Cyphochilus beetle, famous for the bright‐white reflectance of its thin cuticular scales, is described. This model allows the degree of structural anisotropy and filling fraction of the network to be varied independently, revealing the key contribution of these two parameters to the overall scattering efficiency. Rigorous numerical simulations show that structures obtained with the use of this algorithm can exceed the broadband reflectance of the beetle while using less material, providing new insight into the design of advanced scattering materials.
Polarization‐Sensitive Ultraviolet Detection from Oriented‐CdSe@CdS‐Dot‐in‐Rods‐Integrated Silicon Photodetector
Authors: Ge Yong , Zhang Mengjiao , Wang Lei , Meng Linghai , Tang Jialun , Chen Yu , Wang Lingxue , Zhong Haizheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolarization can be used to distinguish artificial objects in complicated environments. The development of polarization‐sensitive detection at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths has been substantially delayed by the difficulties in fabricating anisotropic materials and optical elements for polarization modulation. Polarization‐sensitive UV detection is developed by combining an electron‐multiplying charge‐coupled device (EMCCD) with a polarized luminescence downshifting material that benefits from an oriented‐CdSe@CdS‐dot‐in‐rods‐embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite film. With mechanical‐stretching‐induced orientation, the composite film shows emission polarization with an optimized ratio up to 0.52 ± 0.02. This integrated detection system can respond to linearly polarized 405 nm light with a signal difference up to 23%, showing its potential for use in UV polarization‐enhanced imaging for object recognition.
On the Design of Host–Guest Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Should the Guest be Physically Blended or Chemically Incorporated into the Host for Efficient Emission?
Authors: Tang Shi , Murto Petri , Wang Jia , Larsen Christian , Andersson Mats R. , Wang Ergang , Edman Ludvig 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has recently been demonstrated that light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) can be designed to deliver strong emission with high efficiency when the charge transport is effectuated by a majority host and the emission is executed by a minority guest. A relevant question is then: should the guest be physically blended with or chemically incorporated into the host? A systematic study is presented that establishes that for near‐infrared‐(NIR‐) emitting LECs based on poly(indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PIDTT) as the host and 4,7‐bis(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐silolo[3,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]‐thiadiazole (SBS) as the guest the chemical‐incorporation approach is preferable. The host‐to‐guest energy transfer in LEC devices is highly efficient at a low guest concentration of 0.5%, whereas guest aggregation and ion redistribution during device operation severly inhibits this transfer in the physical‐blend devices. The chemical‐incorporation approach also results in a redshifted emission with a somewhat lowered photoluminescence quantum yield, but the LEC performance is nevertheless very good. Specifically, an NIR‐LEC device comprising a guest‐dilute (0.5 molar%) PIDTT‐SBS copolymer delivers highly stabile operation at a high radiance of 263 µW cm−2 (peak wavelength = 725 nm) and with an external quantum efficiency of 0.214%, which is close to the theoretical limit for this particular emitter and device geometry.
New invasive image velocimetry applicable to dense multiphase flows and its application in solid–liquid suspensions
Authors: Wang Haoliang , Li Xiangyang , Mao Zai‐Sha , Yang Chao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn invasive image velocimetry (IIV) is developed for measurement of multiphase flows, which starts from the photographs taken by a vision probe and then determines the flow fields after a series of images processing steps. It overcomes the limitations of laser‐based velocimetries, especially inapplicability to dense multiphase flows. The measurement results using IIV in the single phase stirred tank agree well with those by laser Doppler velocimetry except for the region close to impeller. The disagreement could mainly be attributed to long frame intervals so that the one‐quarter rule of correlation evaluation cannot be satisfied. As it is applied in solid–liquid systems with particles loads above the upper limit of laser‐based techniques without refractive matching, the direct and indirect interactions between particles and liquid are preliminarily analyzed based on instantaneous solid–liquid flows. More accurate mean velocities are obtained which provides a useful benchmark for computational fluid dynamics modeling validation in dense multiphase flow.
Summary of the 3rd international symposium on arthrogryposis
Authors: Dahan‐Oliel Noémi , Hall Judith , Samargian Ani , Sawatzky Bonita , van Bosse Harold 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe 1st international symposium on arthrogryposis (ISA) was held in 2007 in Birmingham, UK, to bring together a multinational group of experts in the field of arthrogryposis, patients and their families to discuss various aspects of care for individuals with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC). These “lessons learnt” set the tone for the 2nd ISA held in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 2014. Clinical and research advances have recently been made in the field of arthrogryposis and were shared at the 3rd ISA, in Philadelphia, in 2018. Highlights of the 3ISA and future directions are presented.
Metal‐Free Transamidation of Primary Amides using Trimethylsilyl Chloride
Authors: Yu Subeen , Ho Song Kwang , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA metal‐free transamidation of primary amides was developed. Trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) acted as the activator in transamidation. In the presence of TMSCl, primary amides reacted with primary amines to yield transamidated secondary amides in NMP solvent. The transamidation of benzamide with secondary amines for the formation of tertiary amides succeeds in an NMP/CHCl3 solvent mixture.
Impact of type of emergency department on the outcome of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kaneda Kotaro , Yagi Takeshi , Todani Masaki , Nakahara Takashi , Fujita Motoki , Kawamura Yoshikatsu , Oda Yasutaka , Tsuruta Ryosuke 
Published: May 2019

AimTo assess whether the outcomes of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) differ between patients treated at tertiary or secondary emergency medical facilities.MethodsData from the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest (JAAM‐OHCA) registry between June 2014 and December 2015 were analyzed and compared between patients treated at tertiary (tertiary group) and secondary (secondary group) emergency medical facilities. The primary outcome of this study was a favorable neurological outcome at 1 and 3 months after OHCA, defined as a Glasgow–Pittsburgh cerebral performance category of 1 or 2.ResultsBetween June 2014 and December 2015, a total of 13,491 patients with OHCA were registered in the JAAM‐OHCA registry. Of these, 12,836 were eligible in the present analysis, with 11,583 in the tertiary group and 1,253 in the secondary group. The proportions of patients with favorable neurological outcomes in the tertiary group were significantly higher than those in the secondary group at 1 (4.7% versus 2.0%, P < 0.001) and 3 (3.5% versus 1.6%, P < 0.001) months after OHCA. Even after adjusting for baseline characteristics of patients, treatment at a tertiary emergency medical facility was independently associated with favorable neurological outcomes at 1 (odds ratio, 2.856, 95% confidence interval, 1.429–5.710; P = 0.003) and 3 (odds ratio, 2.462, 95% confidence interval, 1.203–5.042; P = 0.014) months after OHCA.ConclusionThe neurological outcomes of patients with OHCA treated at tertiary emergency medical facilities were better than those of patients treated at secondary emergency medical facilities.
Direct Observation of Primary C−H Bond Oxidation by an Oxido‐Iron(IV) Porphyrin π‐Radical Cation Complex in a Fluorinated Carbon Solvent
Authors: Morimoto Yuma , Shimaoka Yuki , Ishimizu Yuri , Fujii Hiroshi , Itoh Shinobu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOxido‐iron(IV) porphyrin π‐radical cation species are involved in a variety of heme‐containing enzymes and have characteristic oxidation states consisting of a high‐valent iron center and a π‐conjugated macrocyclic ligand. However, the short lifetime of the complex has hampered detailed reactivity studies. Reported herein is a remarkable increase in the lifetime (80 s at 10 °C) of FeIV(TMP+.)(O)(Cl) (2; TMP=5,10,15,20‐tetramesitylporphyrin dianion), produced by the oxidation of FeIII(TMP)(Cl) (1) by ozone in α,α,α‐trifluorotoluene (TFT). The lifetime is 720 times longer compared to that of the currently most stable species reported to date. The increase in the lifetime improves the reaction efficiency of 2 toward inert alkane substrates, and allowed observation of the reaction of 2 with a primary C−H bond (BDEC‐H=ca. 100 kcal mol−1) directly. Activation parameters for cyclohexane hydroxylation were also obtained.
PEG–Anthracene Hydrogels as an On‐Demand Stiffening Matrix To Study Mechanobiology
Authors: Günay Kemal Arda , Ceccato Tova L. , Silver Jason S. , Bannister Kendra L. , Bednarski Olivia J. , Leinwand Leslie A. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in materials that can dynamically change their properties in the presence of cells to study mechanobiology. Herein, we exploit the 365 nm light mediated [4+4] photodimerization of anthracene groups to develop cytocompatible PEG‐based hydrogels with tailorable initial moduli that can be further stiffened. A hydrogel formulation that can stiffen from 10 to 50 kPa, corresponding to the stiffness of a healthy and fibrotic heart, respectively, was prepared. This system was used to monitor the stiffness‐dependent localization of NFAT, a downstream target of intracellular calcium signaling using a reporter in live cardiac fibroblasts (CFbs). NFAT translocates to the nucleus of CFbs on stiffening hydrogels within 6 h, whereas it remains cytoplasmic when the CFbs are cultured on either 10 or 50 kPa static hydrogels. This finding demonstrates how dynamic changes in the mechanical properties of a material can reveal the kinetics of mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways that may otherwise be missed in cells cultured on static substrates.
Gold‐catalyzed [4+2] Annulations of Dienes with Nitrosoarenes as 4 π Donors: Nitroso‐Povarov Reactions
Authors: Chen Ching‐Nung , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis work reports the first success of the nitroso‐Povarov reaction, involving gold‐catalyzed [4+2] annulations of nitrsoarenes with substituted cyclopentadienes. In this catalytic sequence, nitrosoarenes presumably attack gold‐π‐dienes by a 1,4‐addition pathway, generating allylgold nitrosonium intermediates to complete an intramolecular cyclization. Acyclic dienes are also applicable substrates, and affording oxidative nitroso‐Povarov products.
Argentination of Fluoroform: Preparation of a Stable AgCF3 Solution with Diverse Reactivities
Authors: Xiang Jia‐Xiang , Ouyang Yao , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe transformation of a large‐volume industrial by‐product and stable greenhouse gas fluoroform (HCF3) to useful products has recently received significant attention. Now, a simple and scalable preparation of AgCF3 by treatment of HCF3 with t‐BuOK and AgOAc is disclosed. The reactivity of the HCF3‐derived AgCF3 has been demonstrated by hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes and C−H trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes. This work not only provides a new avenue for the utilization of HCF3, but also presents a reliable and easy‐to‐execute synthesis of the relatively stable AgCF3 solution.
The Discrepancy of Fatty Acid Composition of Astaxanthin Esters and Total Fatty Acids in Photoautotrophic and Heterotrophic Chlorella zofingiensis
Authors: Zhang Chu‐Wen , Zhang Feng‐Lin , Dong Shu‐Jun , He Yong‐Yi , Xu Xiao‐Ming , Peng Juan , Yuan Jian‐Ping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chlorella zofingiensis has great potential for astaxanthin and fatty acid production. This study investigated the accumulation of astaxanthin and total fatty acids (TFA), the fatty acid compositions of astaxanthin esters and TFA in photoautotrophic and heterotrophic C. zofingiensis, respectively. The results displayed that in photoautotrophic cells, 18:3 was the most predominant fatty acid, followed by 16:0, 18:2, and 18:1, while astaxanthin mono‐esters (mono‐AE) contained only 16:0 and 18:0, and astaxanthin di‐esters (di‐AE) contained 16:0 mostly, followed by 18:1, 18:0, 18:2, and 18:3. C. zofingiensis accumulated the highest level of astaxanthin and TFA under heterotrophic conditions fed with 30 g L−1 glucose. The percentage of 18:1 in TFA, mono‐AE, and di‐AE increased from 10.05%, 0%, and 17.76% to 35.80%, 14.84%, and 50.12%, respectively; in contrast, the percentages of 18:3 in TFA and di‐AE were observed to decrease from 40.42% and 7.59% to 9.56% and 1.30%, respectively, in comparison with those in photoautotrophic ones. The RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) results showed that the expressions of the genes in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways were increased under this heterotrophic condition. These results indicated differential accumulation of AE and TFA, especially fatty acid compositions of TFA and AE in photoautotrophic and heterotrophic cells, suggesting a positive correlation between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis.
Desulfurization performance comparison of a 162‐kW marine diesel engine's exhaust gas based on two kinds of alkaline liquid scrubbing models
Authors: Wang Jinxin , Kuang Min , Yang Guohua , Hu Xuehui , Xu Yang , Fan Peifei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA cascade‐scrubbing technology was proposed to improve the current once‐through desulfurization solutions. Desulfurization experiments were performed for a 162‐kW marine diesel engine's exhaust gas so as to confirm the alkali‐lean/alkali‐rich lye cascade‐scrubbing advantages compared with the closed‐loop solution. In the closed‐loop scrubbing model, desulfurization efficiency presented multiple change patterns, such as initially decreasing but then increasing with the liquid–gas ratio, decreasing with SO2 concentration, and increasing with Na/S. At the high SO2 concentration of 2,860 mg/Nm3 and Na/S = 2, desulfurization complying with emission control area's (ECA's) requirements necessitated a liquid–gas ratio above 4.5 L/Nm3. Although raising Na/S could decrease the liquid–gas ratio requirement, the alkali‐utilization efficiency dropped. In the alkali‐lean/alkali‐rich lye cascade‐scrubbing model under the same SO2 and Na/S conditions, the auxiliary scrubbing section allowed a desulfurization capacity of 500–750 mg/Nm3 with an alkali‐rich liquid–gas ratio of 1–2 L/Nm3. With the alkali‐rich lye fed at liquid–gas ratios of 1, 1.5, and 2 L/Nm3, the main scrubbing section's alkali‐lean lye necessitated liquid–gas ratios of 2.8, 2.4, and 3.1 L/Nm3 to comply with ECA's requirements, respectively. Two setups approaching the former two liquid–gas ratio assembles (i.e., a total liquid–gas ratio of 4 L/Nm3 gaining a high alkali‐utilization efficiency above 98%) thus confirmed that this cascade‐scrubbing model was superior to the closed‐loop solution in cutting the liquid–gas ratio requirement and alkali consumption, because of the latter necessitating a liquid–gas ratio of 4.5 L/Nm3 at Na/S = 2 or 4 L/Nm3 at Na/S = 2.16 but with the alkali‐utilization efficiency dropping below 91%.
Synthesis of ethylene and butyl methacrylate‐based copolymer by emulsion polymerization
Authors: Borphukan Somip , Saikia Maitrayee , Baruah Urmilla , Gautam Arvind , Baruah Shashi D. , Saikia Prakash J. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe emulsion copolymerization of ethylene with butyl methacrylate (BMA) was carried out in an aqueous medium at 60 °C under moderate reaction conditions. The polymer system is well controlled with a linear increase in the molecular weight (Mn) versus ethylene feed pressure and narrow molecular weight distributions (>1.36) were observed throughout the copolymerization reaction. The spectroscopic analyses confirm the presence of acrylate functional as well as methylene group in the synthesized poly(ethylene‐co‐BMA) copolymer. Morphological behavior of poly(ethylene‐co‐BMA) has been studied using SEM and TEM analyses. Thermal stability of the copolymers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and it was observed that the copolymer is stable up to 380 °C. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous behavior of poly(ethylene‐co‐BMA). Dynamic light scattering measurement confirms the formation of poly(ethylene‐co‐BMA) nanoparticles. The particle size of copolymer nanoparticles were in the range of 85–108 nm with low polydispersity indexes (>0.2). The viscous and the elastic property of the copolymer were investigated and established that at high temperature elastic behavior predominant over viscous effect. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47994.
Online monitoring of reactive compatiblization of poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 6 blend with different compatibilizers
Authors: Petruš Josef , Kučera František , Jančář Josef 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTImprovement of poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 6 (PLA/PA6) miscibility is approached by reactive compatibilization with using different reactive agents. Specifically, compatibilizing efficiency of commercially available Joncryl ADR‐4368 (Joncryl) and free‐radical initiator 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐bis(tert‐butylperoxy)hexane (L101) is compared to that of laboratory synthesized compatibilizers (poly(lactic acid) grafted with itaconic anhydride (PLA‐g‐IAH) and poly(itaconic anhydride) (PIAH) by online rheology monitoring in internal mixer and oscillatory rheometer. The change of morphology and particle‐size distribution is evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the extent of PLA‐PA6 miscibility is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and newly formed polymer phases are identified by high‐resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HR‐TGA) and solvent extraction in formic acid. Although Joncryl exhibits the most promising results in PLA‐PA6 compatibility, other compatibilizers also exhibit specific benefits for PLA/PA6 blend or individual polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48005.
Impact of human disturbance on the thermoregulatory behaviour of the endangered ringed sawback turtle (Graptemys oculifera)
Authors: Heppard Jessica M. , Buchholz Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Human recreational disturbance of riverine environments may be contributing to population declines of aquatic organisms worldwide. Aquatic turtles that are heavily dependent on basking in sunlight to maintain an optimal body temperature may abandon basking perches because they perceive humans as potential predators.
The impact of boat traffic, the availability of basking structures, and various environmental factors on the basking behaviour of the ringed sawback turtle (Graptemys oculifera) was assessed at two sites on the Pearl River, Mississippi, USA. This information was used to model the likely effects of human disturbance on the body temperature of large female turtles.
Both the duration of basking and the percentage of turtles in a basking group that abandoned their basking perch were influenced by the availability of alternative basking sites, frequency of boat traffic, boat speed enforcement zones (‘wake’ or ‘no wake’), boat type, air temperature, weather conditions, and Julian day. A simulation model of anthropogenically disturbed and undisturbed adult female ringed sawbacks showed that disturbance probably decreases the mean daily body temperature, especially at higher disturbance probabilities and in May, when the air temperature is low.
Management recommendations are provided that minimize the adverse effects of unintentional human disturbance of the ringed sawback to enable more effective conservation of this endangered, endemic species. Such methods are likely to be useful elsewhere as recreational disturbance becomes a greater conservation issue worldwide.