bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Framework Materials for the Separation and Purification of Light Hydrocarbons
Authors: Cui Wen‐Gang , Hu Tong‐Liang , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe separation and purification of light hydrocarbons (LHs) mixtures is one of the most significantly important but energy demanding processes in the petrochemical industry. As an alternative technology to energy intensive traditional separation methods, such as distillation, absorption, extraction, etc., adsorptive separation using selective solid adsorbents could potentially not only lower energy cost but also offer higher efficiency. The need to develop solid materials for the efficiently selective adsorption of LHs molecules, under mild conditions, is therefore of paramount importance and urgency. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), emerging as a relatively new class of porous organic–inorganic hybrid materials, have shown promise for addressing this challenging task due to their unparalleled features. Herein, recent advances of using MOFs as separating agents for the separation and purification of LHs, including the purification of CH4, and the separations of alkynes/alkenes, alkanes/alkenes, C5–C6–C7 normal/isoalkanes, and C8 alkylaromatics, are summarized. The relationships among the structural and compositional features of the newly synthesized MOF materials and their separation properties and mechanisms are highlighted. Finally, the existing challenges and possible research directions related to the further exploration of porous MOFs in this very active field are also discussed.
HgTe Nanocrystal Inks for Extended Short‐Wave Infrared Detection
Authors: Martinez Bertille , Ramade Julien , Livache Clément , Goubet Nicolas , Chu Audrey , Gréboval Charlie , Qu Junling , Watkins William L. , Becerra Loïc , Dandeu Erwan , Fave Jean Louis , Méthivier Christophe , Lacaze Emmanuelle , Lhuillier Emmanuel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractShort‐wave infrared (IR) detection is currently driven by InGaAs technology which has limited the perspective of cost effectiveness and consequently slows the development of IR sensors. Since organic electronics are ineffective in this wavelength range, an alternative to conductive polymers is the use of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) which exhibit strongly tunable IR absorption. In this paper, the extended short‐wave IR (2.5 µm cut‐off) is focused on to expand the capabilities of InGaAs, while using HgTe nanocrystals as the active material. Previous devices based on this material suffer from a low responsivity due to weak absorption (few percents). The integration of HgTe nanocrystals is presented in ink form to build thick (up to 600 nm), strongly absorbing nanoparticle films. This ink is integrated into a diode, allowing one to boost the responsivity by two orders of magnitude and the detectivity by one order of magnitude compared to previous HgTe devices at the same wavelength. Detectivity reaches 3 × 109 Jones, while the time response is found to be 370 ns for room temperature and 0 V bias operation. Finally, the material is integrated into a focal plane array which is used to determine laser beam profile.
Simultaneous determination of 75 abuse drugs including amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opioids, piperazines, zolpidem and metabolites in human hair samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shin Yongho , Kong Tae Yeon , Cheong Jae Cheol , Kim Jin Young , Lee Jae Il , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of 75 abuse drugs and metabolites, including 19 benzodiazepines, 19 amphetamines, two opiates, eight opioids, cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide, zolpidem, three piperazines and 21 metabolites in human hair samples, was developed and validated. Ten‐milligram hair samples were decontaminated, pulverized using a ball mill, extracted with 1 mL of methanol spiked with 28 deuterated internal standards in an ultrasonic bath for 60 min at 50°C, and purified with Q‐sep dispersive solid‐phase extraction tubes. The purified extracts were evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 0.1 mL of 10% methanol. The 75 analytes were analyzed on an Acquity HSS T3 column using gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid and quantified in multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. Calibration curves were linear (r ≥ 0.9951) from the lower limit of quantitation (2–200 pg/mg depending on the drug) to 2000 pg/mg. The coefficients of variation and accuracy for intra‐ and inter‐assay analysis at three QC levels were 4.3–12.9% and 89.2–109.1%, respectively. The overall mean recovery ranged from 87.1 to 105.3%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of 11 forensic hair samples obtained from drug abusers.
Medium Modulated Oxygen Reduction Activity of Fe/Co Active Centre‐engrafted Electrocatalysts
Authors: Kashyap Varchaswal , Anand Aljo , Soni Roby , Sreekumar Kurungot 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIron and cobalt metal atoms are effective active centers for the synthesis of carbon‐based noble‐metal‐free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) owing to their cost‐effective intrinsic activity and tunable properties. Annealing of the active center with the conducting carbon enhances the ORR activity significantly. Herein, we have engrafted Fe and Co active centers in the homemade conducting carbon and the ORR performance has been closely observed under acidic and basic pH conditions to understand the influence of the medium and participating moieties towards the performance. In the half‐cell reaction, the onset potential and half‐wave potential for ORR are governed by the surface intermediates and concomitantly driven by the adsorption energies of the intermediates over the active centers. The iron and cobalt active center‐engrafted carbon catalyst behaves differently in acidic and basic electrolytes owing to the dissociation of the surface intermediates. The iron‐based catalyst shows improved onset potential against the cobalt‐based one. Similarly, the cobalt‐based catalyst shows improved half‐wave potential against the iron active‐center‐grafted catalyst. The combined synergistic effect of the two catalysts is realized in the composition represented as Fe/2Co−N‐GVC, where improved onset and half‐wave potentials are noted in basic medium. A significant variation in the activity of the catalyst is observed as the medium changes from acidic to basic and the effect is directly associated with the surface adsorption of the intermediates.
New Dyes Based on Extended Fulvene Motifs: Synthesis through Redox Reactions of Naphthoquinones with Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Their Spectroelectrochemical Behavior
Authors: Lücht Alexander , Sobottka Sebastian , Patalag Lukas J. , Jones Peter G. , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Sarkar Biprajit , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNovel dyes based on extended fulvene motifs are reported. The carbon skeleton was generated by a catalyzed addition of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes to naphthoquinone. The hydroxy group at the central ring of the tricyclic fulvene motif was converted into the triflate, which reacted efficiently with a wide range of nucleophiles, resulting in substitution and thereby providing new derivatives. The synthetic versatility allowed us to investigate the absorption, electrochemical, and UV/Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemical properties of these dyes as a function of the substituents. The dyes were shown to participate in reductive electrochemistry, the reversibility of which can be improved by appropriate selection of the substituents. Additionally, first signs of NIR electrochromism are presented, opening new avenues for the future investigations of such dyes.
Novel Bifunctionalization of Activated Methylene: Base‐Promoted Trifluoromethylthiolation of β‐Diketones with Trifluoromethanesulfinyl Chloride
Authors: Sun Dong‐Wei , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel bifunctionalization of activated methylene was achieved successfully through the base‐promoted trifluoromethylthiolation of β‐diketones or β‐ketoesters with trifluoromethanesulfinyl chloride. A series of α‐trifluoromethylthiolated α‐chloro‐β‐diketones and α‐chloro‐β‐ketoesters were obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. When β‐diketones containing a phenyl group with a hydroxyl or amino substituent at the ortho position were used as substrates, intramolecular trifluoromethylthiolation/cyclization reaction took place to give the corresponding cyclic products. Furthermore, the protocol could be extended to perfluoroalkylthiolation with the sodium perfluoroalkanesulfinate/POCl3 system. On the basis of experimental results, plausible mechanisms are proposed.
Risk of malignancy associated with cytomorphology subtypes in the salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) category in the Milan System: A bi‐institutional study
Authors: Chowsilpa Sayanan , An Daniel , Lose Holly , Huang Xiao , Nayar Ritu , Maleki Zahra 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundSalivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) is a diagnostic category in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of neoplasm (RON) and the risk of malignancy (ROM) in SUMP cases by evaluating them based on their prominent cytomorphology.MethodsThe pathology databases were searched for cases of fine‐needle aspiration–diagnosed SUMP at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Northwestern University from 2013 to 2018. Only cytopathology cases diagnosed as SUMP that had available surgical follow‐up were included.ResultsSixty‐five patients with SUMP were identified, including 31 men and 34 women who ranged in age from 15 to 87 years (mean age, 55.2 years). Sixty‐five cases had histologic follow‐up, including 13 (20%) with basaloid features, 13 (20%) with oncocytic features, and 39 (60%) with unspecified features. No cases with clear cell features were found. Overall, the RON in the SUMP category was 95.4% (62 of 65 cases), and the ROM was 33.8% (22 of 65 cases). The RON in SUMPs with basaloid, oncocytic, and unspecified subtypes was 92.3%, 100%, and 94.9%, respectively, whereas the ROM was 38.5%, 7.7%, and 41%, respectively. The most common benign neoplasm was pleomorphic adenoma (23.1%), whereas mucoepidermoid carcinoma (9.2%) was the most common malignant neoplasm.ConclusionsThis study shows that the ROM differs significantly based on cytomorphology subtypes, whereas the overall ROM is approximately the same as the target rate in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. Moreover, the RON remains high in the SUMP category among different cytomorphology subtypes. Adequate sampling, immunohistochemical staining, and familiarity with metaplastic and reactive changes may improve the diagnosis.
Structural Phase Transitions in Niobium Hydrogen Thin Films: Mechanical Stress, Phase Equilibria and Critical Temperatures
Authors: Wagner Stefan , Klose Philipp , Burlaka Vladimir , Nörthemann Kai , Hamm Magnus , Pundt Astrid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal−hydrogen (M−H) systems offer grand opportunities for studies on fundamental aspects of thermodynamics and kinetics. When the system size is reduced to the nanoscale, microstructural defects as well as mechanical stress affect the systems’ properties. This is contemplated for the model system of epitaxial niobium−hydrogen (Nb−H) thin films. Hydrogen absorption in metals commonly leads to lattice expansion which is hindered when the metal adheres to a flat rigid substrate. Consequently, high mechanical stress of about −10 GPa for 1 H/Nb are predicted, in theory. However, metals cannot yield such high stresses and respond with plastic deformation, commonly limiting measured stresses to −2 to −3 GPa for 100 nm Nb−H films. It will be shown that the coherency state changes with film thickness reduction, shifting the onset of plastic deformation to larger hydrogen concentrations. Below critical film thicknesses, plastic deformation is fully absent. The system then behaves purely elastic and ultra‐high stress of about −10 (±2) GPa can be obtained. Arising stress controls the phase stability of M−H systems, and the coherency state strongly affects the nucleation and growth dynamics of the phase transition. In case of Nb−H thin films of less than 8 nm thickness the common phase transformation from the α‐phase solid solution to the hydride phase is completely suppressed at 300 K. Related effects can be utilised to optimise metal−hydrides used in applications.
Clinical significance of BPI‐ANCA detecting in COPD patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization
Authors: Tian Yongjian , Zeng Tingting , Tan Liming , Wu Yang , Yu Jianlin , Huang Jiayi , Pei Zihuang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies against neutrophil granule bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI‐ANCA) has been found in many inflammatory diseases, such as COPD, which can reduce the killing effect of BPI on Gram‐negative bacteria. This study was aimed to assess the clinical significance of BPI‐ANCA detecting in COPD patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) colonization.MethodsA total of 216 COPD patients with lung P aeruginosa colonization, 244 patients with P aeruginosa infection from June 2015 to June 2018, and 100 healthy individuals were included. Serum BPI‐ANCA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β levels were detected by ELISA, and the lung function of the patients was measured at stable clinical stages. Patients with COPD were grouped according to BPI‐ANCA detection and GOLD criteria, and serum TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels and indices reflecting lung function were compared and analyzed between groups.ResultsPositive rate of BPI‐ANCA in COPD patients with P aeruginosa colonization was 48.15%; and compared with BPI‐ANCA(‐) group, FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC(%) in BPI‐ANCA(+) patients were significantly decreased, while TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels were elevated. There were 31.73% and 36.54% BPI‐ANCA(+) patients with severe and very severe airflow limitation, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the BPI‐ANCA(‐) group. FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC(%) were negatively correlated with TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and NEU%. C‐reactive protein (CRP) was negatively correlated with FEV1%pred, yet not significantly correlated with FEV1/FVC(%).ConclusionBPI‐ANCA positivity is associated with inflammatory status in COPD patients with pulmonary P aeruginosa colonization and can be used as a potential biomarker assessing disease severity.
Effects of omega‐3 fatty acids and aspirin on Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced periodontitis in rats
Authors: Yang Ming , Li Liang , Soh Yunjo , Heo Seok‐Mo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacteria which can result in periodontal tissue inflammation, as well as alveolar bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of omega‐3 fatty acids plus aspirin (ASA) on ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats.MethodsNinety‐six male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats (age 6 weeks) were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12 each) and had ligatures placed for 7 days, followed by daily treatment with specific drug regimens for 14 days. The rats were sacrificed 20 days after drug treatment, and their maxillary were subjected to histomorphometric analysis. RAW264.7 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or receptor activator (NF)‐κB ligand (RANKL), and treated with various concentrations of omega‐3 and ASA. Then, cyclooxygenase (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), MMP‐2, and Cathepsin‐K gene expression were detected.ResultsThe administration of omega‐3 fatty acids and aspirin significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in serum of rats. Histomorphometric analysis showed omega‐3 fatty acids plus aspirin promoted alveolar bone increase. Omega‐3 fatty acids only, aspirin only, or omega‐3 fatty acids plus aspirin also inhibited the protein expressions of COX‐2 and iNOS in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, omega‐3 combined with ASA also inhibited the RANKL‐induced gene expressions of MMPs in dose‐dependent manners.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that omega‐3 fatty acids plus aspirin could decrease alveolar bone loss, while simultaneously increasing the protection against periodontal inflammation.
Mathematical analysis of the motion of a rigid body in a compressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier fluid
Authors: Haak Bernhard H. , Maity Debayan , Takahashi Takéo , Tucsnak Marius 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study an initial and boundary value problem modelling the motion of a rigid body in a heat conducting gas. The solid is supposed to be a perfect thermal insulator. The gas is described by the compressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations, whereas the motion of the solid is governed by Newton's laws. The main results assert the existence of strong solutions, in an ‐ setting, both locally in time and globally in time for small data. The proof is essentially using the maximal regularity property of associated linear systems. This property is checked by proving the ‐sectoriality of the corresponding operators, which in turn is obtained by a perturbation method.
Geographical distribution of Vip3Aa20 resistance allele frequencies in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in Brazil
Authors: Amaral Fernando S A , Guidolin Aline S , Salmeron Eloisa , Kanno Rubens H , Padovez Fernando E O , Fatoretto Júlio C , Omoto Celso 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of Bt plants has been the main strategy for controlling the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in Brazil. However, many resistance cases were already registered. The resistance of S. frugiperda to the Vip3Aa20 protein was recently characterized under laboratory conditions but it is still efficient under field conditions. Here, resistance monitoring studies were conducted using phenotypic (purified protein and Bt maize leaves) and genotypic (F1 and F2 screen) methods to support insect resistance management (IRM) programs and preserve Vip3Aa20 technology on maize.RESULTSPhenotypic monitoring with purified protein showed two populations significantly different from the susceptible strain on the second crop season in 2016. This number increased for the first and second crop seasons in 2017 in several regions. The genotypic monitoring estimated a mean frequency of the resistance allele of 0.0027 for the F1 screen and 0.0033 for the F2 screen. Three new resistant strains to Vip3Aa20 were selected from F2 screen assays. Complementation tests on these new resistant strains were positive with the previous resistant strain.CONCLUSIONHere we showed that the resistance allele of S. frugiperda to Vip3Aa20 protein is widely distributed in maize‐producing regions in Brazil and its frequency increases throughout crop seasons. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The juridical spheres for digital forensics and electronic evidence in the insecure electronic world
Authors: Losavio Michael Martin , Pastukov Pavel , Polyakova Svetlana , Zhang Xuan , Chow Kam Pui , Koltay Andras , James Joshua , Ortiz Miguel Etchart 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith so much information collected from so many places and stored in so many others, the forensic value of digital evidence has exploded globally. This ranges from evidence relating to traditional crimes to that for new cybercrimes. The ability to use digital forensics, computational policing analytics and electronic evidence of all types, and the protections from misuse, are governed by the laws of national jurisdictions. Where those laws intersect in transnational cases may be harmonized or conflict‐ridden. As digital forensics is an interdisciplinary activity, both juridical and technical coordination between nations are essential for effective transnational law enforcement. This requires the application of forensic technology conforms to the legal rules of the jurisdictions involved. We examine legal aspects of this evolving data paradigm and issues relating to legal‐technical compliance. We speculate as to how regulation may evolve for the future.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Cyber Threat Intelligence
Digital and Multimedia Science > Mobile Forensics
Digital and Multimedia Science > IoT Forensics
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Evidence of Oral Interference in Franco-Italian
Authors: Morgan Leslie Zarker 
Published: May 2019

The four lexemes bragagner, sberna, seterer and smenaventure are problematic within the text of Ms. marc. fr. 13 since the forms differ from those of any other texts of the time (with the exception of other Franco-Italian texts in the case of bragagner). I will show that the points of difference are phonological and morphological changes resulting from interference patterns with spoken Italian.Manoscritto marciano francese 13 (St. Mark’s manuscript 13 of the French collection) is an untitled anonymous manuscript from the first half of the 14th century at St. Mark’s Library in Venice. It contains eight chansons de geste. These are the first written versions of Old French epic poetry produced in Italy; that is, they are not copies of Old French manuscripts.
Renunciation of Right and Remission of Debt in Comparative and Israeli Law
Authors: Rabello A.M. 
Published: May 2019

Renunciation and remission are not comprehensively treated in the new Israeli legislation. And although the legislature has referred to these terms in the course of its legislation, they are nowhere defined.The first reference to the terms, chronologically speaking, is in sec. l(c) of the Gift Law, 1968: “A gift may consist in the donor's renunciation of a right against the donee or in the donor's remission of an obligation of the donee towards him”.In the chapter treating of “Several Debtors and Creditors”, the Contracts (General Part) Law, 1973, provides an enlightening reference to the terms under discussion. Sec. 55(c) states: “If the creditor discharges one of the debtors of the whole or part of the obligation - by way of waiver, remission, compromise or otherwise - the other is discharged to the same extent unless a different intention appears from the discharge”. Thus we have before us a list of terms (renunciation, waiver, remission, compromise, discharge) that often appear in modern codices as factors that terminate a debt by means other than performance.
The general applicability of airborne thermographic surveys to the measurement of sea surface temperatures
Authors: Anderson J. M. , Callison R. D. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisThe principles of airborne thermography are outlined. A general introduction to instrumentation, imaging and data correction methods is included, along with particular examples of some of the methods used. Specific applications of work done on Tay Estuary and English Channel imagery are described to illustrate some of the results which can be achieved.
Trace metals and organohalogen compounds in the Forth, Scotland
Authors: Davies I. M. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisThe long history of discharge of industrial and domestic waste to the Forth makes the area of particular interest to environmental scientists. The area has been studied both in its own right for the monitoring and control of contamination by trace metals and organohalogen compounds, and in the study of processes which influence the dispersion and effects of these substances. This paper discusses the inputs of contaminants to the area, their occurrence in the water, sediments and biota, and places the Forth in context with other coastal areas of Scotland. The paucity of information concerning organohalogen compounds is contrasted with the extensive work carried out on trace metals.