bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health and reactions to caregiving among next of kin of older people (65+) with multi‐morbidity discharged home after hospitalization
Authors: Behm Lina , Björkman Eva , Ahlström Gerd 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundOlder people with multi‐morbidity are major users of healthcare and are often discharged from hospital with ongoing care needs. This care is frequently provided by informal caregivers and the time immediately after discharge is challenging for caregivers with new and/or additional tasks, resulting in anxiety and stress.AimThis study aimed to describe mental health, with particular reference to anxiety and depression and reactions to caregiving, and to investigate any associations between the two, in next of kin of older people with multi‐morbidity after hospitalisation. It also aimed to explore the association between the demographic characteristics of the study group and mental health and reactions to caregiving.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional questionnaire study using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Caregiver Reaction Assessment. The study group consisted of 345 next of kin of older people (65+) with multi‐morbidity discharged home from 13 medical wards in Sweden. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics. To identify whether reactions to caregiving and next of kin characteristics were associated with anxiety and depression, a univariate logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsMore than one quarter of respondents showed severe anxiety and nearly one in 10 had severe depressive symptoms. The frequencies of anxiety and depression increased significantly with increased negative reactions to caregiving and decreased significantly with positive reactions to caregiving. Regarding caregiving reactions, the scores were highest for the positive domain Caregiver esteem, followed by the negative domain Impact on health. Women scored significantly higher than men on Impact on health and spouses scored highest for Impact on schedule and Caregiver esteem.ConclusionsNurses and other healthcare professionals may need to provide additional support to informal caregivers before and after discharging older people with significant care needs from hospital. This might include person‐centred information, education and training.
A role for ecophysiology in the ’omics’ era
Authors: Flexas Jaume , Gago Jorge 
Published: August 2018

SummaryPlant Ecophysiology is the study on how Plant Physiology is modulated by the environment. This discipline could have benefited greatly from the development of the different ‘omic’ technologies (from genomics to metabolomics). Instead, the overall impression is that ecophysiology and ’omics’ have developed mostly independent each other. Here we provide a literature analysis over the past 20 years which fully confirms this view. Then, we review a few examples of studies in which ecophysiology and ’omics’ studies have combined to different extents to illustrate the potential benefits from their mutualistic interaction. In addition, we debate on the possibilities of working with plants other than Arabidopsis, which is illustrated with some examples of fascinating plants from extreme environments of the world, what we call the ‘sherplants’. Finally, we raise a call to both communities (ecophysiology and ’omics’) to integrate these disciplines to enter an ‘ecophysiolomics era’ to maximize our understanding about plant mechanisms from a multidisciplinary approach.
Dermatophytic pseudomycetomas in two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Giner Jacobo , Bailey Jessica , Juan‐Sallés Carles , Joiner Kellye , Martínez‐Romero Esther Gisela , Oster Seth 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDermatophytic pseudomycetoma is an atypical form of dermatophytosis where the infection is located in the deep dermal and subcutaneous tissues. Although rare, it is most commonly associated with Microsporum canis or Trichophyton sp. It has been reported in cats, dogs and horses.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and pathological findings of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma caused by M. canis and Trichophyton sp. in two domestic ferrets.AnimalsTwo pet ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).Method and materialsCase report.ResultsTwo ferrets were diagnosed with dermatophytic pseudomycetoma confirmed by histological examination of tissue and fungal culture. In both cases, ferrets presented with several cutaneous firm nodules 0.6–3 cm in diameter. Microscopic lesions revealed multifocal nodular pyogranulomatous inflammation with intralesional fungi.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors′ knowledge, this is the first description of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in domestic ferrets. This disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of nodular dermatopathies in this species.
Three‐dimensional kinematics of the canine carpal bones imaged with computed tomography after ex vivo axial limb loading and palmar ligament transection
Authors: Neville‐Towle Jack D. , Tan Christopher J. , Parr William C. H. , Walsh William R. , Johnson Kenneth A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe normal antebrachiocarpal joint kinematic motion during axial loading and to describe the effect of palmar radiocarpal ligament (PRL) and palmar ulnocarpal ligament (PUL) transection on this motion.Sample populationTen forelimbs from 5 adult greyhound cadavers.MethodsLimbs were placed in a custom jig and computed tomography images of limbs were obtained in neutral and extended positions. The translation and rotation of the intermedioradiocarpal bone (RCB), ulnar carpal bone, and accessory carpal bone were described relative to the radius through rigid body motion analysis. Kinematic and load analysis was repeated after sequential transection of the PRL and the PUL.ResultsSagittal plane extension with a lesser component of valgus motion was found in all evaluated carpal bones. RCB supination was also detected during extension. Compared with the normal intact limb, transection of either or both the PRL and the PUL did not influence mean translation or rotation data or limb load. However, the transection of the PRL and the PUL increased the variance in rotation data compared with intact limb.ConclusionThis study describes normal antebrachiocarpal kinematics as a foundation for determining carpal functional units. During axial loading, the PRL and the PUL may function to guide consistent motion in extension and flexion as well as pronation and supination.Clinical significanceThree‐dimensional carpal kinematic analyses may improve our understanding of carpal injury and facilitate the development of novel treatments techniques.
Comparison of ischaemia–reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury by clamping renal arteries, veins or pedicles in anaesthetized rats
Authors: Owji Seyed Mohammad , Nikeghbal Elahe , Moosavi Seyed Mostafa 
Published: August 2018

New Findings
What is central question of this study
What are the differences between a traditional renal pedicle‐clamping model of acute kidney injury and models with occluded renal artery or vein alone in rats?

What is main finding and its importance?
During renal venous occlusion, transmission of high arterial pressure into renal capillaries is likely to have caused the rupture of their walls and the occurrence of haemorrhagic congestion that led to higher kidney tissue damage and dysfunction than with pedicle and artery clamping.
AbstractAnimal models of ischaemic acute kidney injury (AKI) are valuable tools, but their therapeutic outcomes are not usually translated to humans. Ischaemic AKI in murines is mostly induced via renal pedicle clamping, which is different from patients with AKI that is due to renal artery hypoperfusion or vein thrombosis. This study was designed to compare the traditional pedicle‐clamping with artery or vein occlusion alone in rat models of bilateral renal ischaemia–reperfusion (BIR). Twenty‐eight anaesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups, a sham‐operation group and groups that underwent 2 h reperfusion following 30 min clamping of renal arteries (BIR‐A group), veins (BIR‐V group) or pedicles (BIR‐P group). The levels of epithelial injury in proximal tubules and thick ascending limb, intratubular casts and vascular congestion as well as renal malondialdehyde were moderately lower in the BIR‐A than BIR‐P group, while the BIR‐V group showed much higher degrees of these damages than both these groups along with massive haemorrhagic congestion. Accordingly, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, Na+ reabsorption, K+ and urea excretion, free water reabsorption and urine osmolality were lower in the BIR‐V group than in the BIR‐A and BIR‐P groups, while the BIR‐P group had slightly worse renal functional disorders than the BIR‐A group. It seems that transmission of high arterial pressure into renal microvessels during venous occlusion causes rupture of capillary walls and haemorrhagic congestion, which leads to intensive kidney injury. In conclusion, the differences in renal disturbances induced by artery, vein and pedicle clamping strongly suggest use of a proper experimental model for each type of human ischaemic AKI.
Multidevice
Cooling With Flow Boiling in a Variable
Microgap
Authors: Young S.
J. , Janssen D. , Wenzel E.
A. , Shadakofsky B.
M. , Kulacki F. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Flow boiling in an onboard variable microgap is demonstrated as a viable cooling method for multidevice electronics. The microgap is created by a bonded conformal encapsulation that delivers uniform subcooled inlet coolant flow across a multidevice layout comprising a processor and two in-line, symmetrically placed memory devices. Each device is simulated with a ceramic resistance heater on a 1:1 scale, and the heights of the devices create the variable microgap under the roof line of the encapsulation. The gap height for the processor is 0.5 mm and 1 mm for the memory devices. Parameters investigated are pressure drop, average device temperature, processor power, and coefficient of performance (COP). For inlet coolant flow first over the memory devices, the average device temperature exceeds the 95 °C limit when processor power is ∼50 W or less. For inlet flow over the processor, memory device temperatures are approximately the same over all the levels of processor and memory chip power. For processor power &lt;30 W and an inlet coolant temperature of 25 °C, single-phase heat transfer is the dominant cooling mechanism. When processor power is &gt;40 W, two-phase heat transfer dominates, and processor power of 120 W is reached within the 95 °C threshold. Volumetric power density across the data set is 134 to 1209 W/cm3.
Experimental
Characterization of Frost Growth on a Horizontal Plate Under Natural
Convection
Authors: Niroomand S. , Fauchoux M.
T. , Simonson C.
J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on frost formation on a plate under natural convection conditions. Frost thickness, mass, density, and surface roughness are measured during each test. Frost thickness and roughness are measured using an image processing technique. The effect of operating conditions (temperature of the plate, and temperature and relative humidity of the air) on the properties of frost is investigated. Frost surface roughness is quantified using two parameters: the average roughness and the skewness of the roughness, which can describe the frost layer shape. The surface roughness of the frost layer is considerably higher than the roughness of a flat plate, which should be considered in frosting studies. In this paper, it is shown that frost surface roughness is related to the frost layer shape, porosity and density. It is also found that the plate temperature affects the frost surface roughness significantly; as the plate temperature decreases, the frost layer has a high average roughness and negative skewness, which correspond to a highly porous, low density frost layer. Increasing the air humidity and air temperature affects the average surface roughness slightly but not skewness of the frost surface.
A Moving Morphable Component Based Topology Optimization Approach for Rib-Stiffened Structures Considering Buckling Constraints
Authors: Zhang Weisheng , Liu Ying , Du Zongliang , Zhu Yichao , Guo Xu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Stiffened structures are widely used in industry. However, how to optimally distribute the stiffening ribs on a given base plate remains a challenging issue, partially because the topology and geometry of stiffening ribs are often represented in a geometrically implicit way in traditional approaches. This implicit treatment may lead to problems such as high computational cost (caused by the large number of design variables, geometry constraints in optimization, and large degrees-of-freedom (DOF) in finite element analysis (FEA)) and the issue of manufacturability. This paper presents a moving morphable component (MMC)-based approach for topology optimization of rib-stiffened structures, where the topology and the geometry of stiffening ribs are explicitly described. The proposed approach displays several prominent advantages, such as (1) both the numbers of design variables and DOF in FEA are reduced substantially; (2) the proper manufacture-related geometry requirements of stiffening ribs can be readily satisfied without introducing any additional constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is further demonstrated with numerical examples on topology optimization of rib-stiffened structures with buckling constraints.
Influence of rib impact on thoracic gunshot trauma
Authors: Rodrigues Samantha Alda , Guey J , Plummer T C H , Pullen A , Shaw B , Kieser D C 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThe influence of rib impact on thoracic gunshot trauma remains unclear, despite its high occurrence. This study therefore investigates the effect of rib impact on a bullet’s terminal properties and injury severity.MethodsTwo bullets were used: 5.56×45 mm (full charge and reduced charge) and 7.62×51 mm (full charge). For each bullet, three impact groups were tested: (1) plain 10% ballistic gelatin (control) conditioned at 4°C, (2) intercostal impact, and (3) rib impact, the latter two tested with samples of porcine thoracic walls embedded in gelatin. Analysis included penetration depth, trajectory change, yaw, fragmentation, velocity reduction, energy deposition and temporary and permanent cavity characteristics.ResultsNo significant differences were observed for most variables. Differences were found between rib (and intercostal) impact and the control groups, suggesting that the inclusion of thoracic walls produces an effect more significant than the anatomical impact site. Effects were ammunition specific. For the 7.62×51 mm round, rib impact caused an earlier onset of yaw and more superficial permanent gelatin damage compared with plain gelatin. This round also formed a larger temporary cavity on rib impact than intercostal impact. Rib (and intercostal impact) created a smaller temporary cavity than the control for the 5.56×45 mm round. For the reduced-charge 5.56×45 mm round, rib and intercostal impact produced greater velocity reduction compared with plain gelatin.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into the role of rib impact in thoracic gunshot injuries, and indicates that the effects are ammunition dependent. Unlike the 5.56×45 mm rounds, rib impact with the 7.62×51 mm rounds increases the risk of severe wounding.
Compiler Support for the Fortran 2003, 2008, TS29113, and 2018 Standards Revision 24
Authors: Chivers Ian D. , Sleightholme Jane 
Published: August 2018

This is a repeating article in Fortran Forum. The first version appeared in Fortran Forum in April 2007. The basis for the entries in the original list of features was a report by John Reid. An electronic version can be found at: ftp://ftp.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/N1601-N1650/N1648.pdf
If you are a compiler vendor and would like to be included in future versions of this table please email one of us with details and they will be added to the table and published in Fortran Forum.
Responses of skeletal muscle size and anabolism are reproducible with multiple periods of unloading/reloading
Authors: Shimkus Kevin L. , Shirazi-Fard Yasaman , Wiggs Michael P. , Ullah Shaik T. , Pohlenz Camilo , Gatlin Delbert M. , Carroll Chad C. , Hogan Harry A. , Fluckey James D. 
Published: August 2018

Mechanical unloading has long been understood to contribute to rapid and substantial adaptations within skeletal muscle, most notably, muscle atrophy. Studies have often demonstrated that many of the alterations resulting from disuse are reversed with a reintroduction of load and have supported the concept of muscle plasticity. We hypothesized that adaptations during disuse and recovery were a repeatable/reproducible phenomenon, which we tested with repeated changes in mechanical load. Rats were assigned to one of the following five groups: animals undergoing one or two bouts of hindlimb unloading (28 days), with or without recovery (56 day), or control. Following the completion of their final time point, posterior crural muscles were studied. Muscle sizes were lower following 28 days of disuse but fully recovered with a 56-day reloading period, regardless of the number of disuse/recovery cycles. Mixed protein fractional synthesis rates consistently reflected mass and loading conditions (supported by anabolic signaling), whereas the myofibrillar protein synthesis response varied among muscles. Amino acid concentrations were assessed in the gastrocnemius free pool and did not correlate with muscle atrophy associated with mechanical unloading. Muscle collagen concentrations were higher following the second unloading period and remained elevated following 56 days of recovery. Anabolic responses to alterations in load are preserved throughout multiple perturbations, but repeated periods of unloading may cause additive strain to muscle structure (collagen). This study suggests that whereas mass and anabolism are reproducibly reflective of the loading environment, repeated exposure to unloading and/or reloading may impact the overall structural integrity of muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Repeatability should be considered a component of skeletal muscle plasticity during atrophy and recovery. Muscle anabolism is equally affected during a first or second disuse bout and returns equally with adequate recovery. Elevated muscle collagen concentrations observed after the second unloading period suggest altered structural integrity with repeated disuse.
Cancer-Associated MORC2-Mutant M276I Regulates an hnRNPM-Mediated CD44 Splicing Switch to Promote Invasion and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Fang-Lin , Cao Jin-Ling , Xie Hong-Yan , Sun Rui , Yang Li-Feng , Shao Zhi-Ming , Li Da-Qiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer, with a high propensity for distant metastasis and limited treatment options, yet its molecular underpinnings remain largely unknown. Microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a newly identified chromatin remodeling protein whose mutations have been causally implicated in several neurologic disorders. Here, we report that a cancer-associated substitution of methionine to isoleucine at residue 276 (M276I) of MORC2 confers gain-of-function properties in the metastatic progression of TNBC. Expression of mutant MORC2 in TNBC cells increased cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis without affecting cell proliferation and primary tumor growth compared with its wild-type counterpart. The M276I mutation enhanced binding of MORC2 to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM), a component of the spliceosome machinery. This interaction promoted an hnRNPM-mediated splicing switch of CD44 from the epithelial isoform (CD44v) to the mesenchymal isoform (CD44s), ultimately driving epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Knockdown of hnRNPM reduced the binding of mutant MORC2 to CD44 pre-mRNA and reversed the mutant MORC2-induced CD44 splicing switch and EMT, consequently impairing the migratory, invasive, and lung metastatic potential of mutant MORC2-expressing cells. Collectively, these findings provide the first functional evidence for the M276I mutation in promoting TNBC progression. They also establish the first mechanistic connection between MORC2 and RNA splicing and highlight the importance of deciphering unique patient-derived mutations for optimizing clinical outcomes of this highly heterogeneous disease.Significance:A gain-of-function effect of a single mutation on MORC2 promotes metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by regulating CD44 splicing. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5780–92. ©2018 AACR.
Intratumoral G100, a TLR4 Agonist, Induces Antitumor Immune Responses and Tumor Regression in Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bhatia Shailender , Miller Natalie J. , Lu Hailing , Longino Natalie V. , Ibrani Dafina , Shinohara Michi M. , Byrd David R. , Parvathaneni Upendra , Kulikauskas Rima , ter Meulen Jan , Hsu Frank J. , Koelle David M. , Nghiem Paul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurpose:G100 is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist that triggers innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses in preclinical models. This pilot study assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic activity of intratumoral (IT) administration of G100 in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).Patients and Methods:Patients with locoregional MCC (n = 3; cohort A) received neoadjuvant IT G100 (2 weekly doses at 5 μg/dose) followed by surgery and radiotherapy; patients with metastatic MCC (n = 7; cohort B) received 3 doses in a 6-week cycle and could receive additional cycles with/without radiotherapy.Results:IT G100 was safe and feasible in both neoadjuvant and metastatic settings. Treatment-related adverse events were mostly grade 1 or 2 injection-site reactions. IT G100 led to increased inflammation in the injected tumors with infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and activation of immune-related genes. These proinflammatory changes were associated with local tumor regression and appeared to promote systemic immunity. All 3 cohort A patients successfully completed therapy; 2 patients remain recurrence free at 44+ and 41+ months, including 1 with a pathologic complete response after G100 alone. In cohort B, 2 patients achieved sustained partial responses, both lasting 33+ months after 2 cycles of therapy.Conclusions:In this first-in-human study, IT G100 induced antitumor immune responses, demonstrated acceptable safety, and showed encouraging clinical activity.See related commentary by Marquez-Rodas et al., p. 1127