bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computability in infinite Galois theory and algorithmically random algebraic fields
Authors: Calvert Wesley , Harizanov Valentina , Shlapentokh Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe introduce a notion of algorithmic randomness for algebraic fields. We prove the existence of a continuum of algebraic extensions of that are random according to our definition. We show that there are noncomputable algebraic fields which are not random. We also partially characterize the index set, relative to an oracle, of the set of random algebraic fields computable relative to that oracle.In order to carry out this investigation of randomness for fields, we develop computability in the context of the infinite Galois theory (where the relevant Galois groups are uncountable), including definitions of computable and computably enumerable Galois groups and computability of Haar measure on the Galois groups.
On the equivalence of Lurie's ∞$\infty$‐operads and dendroidal ∞$\infty$‐operads
Authors: Hinich Vladimir , Moerdijk Ieke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the equivalence of two symmetric monoidal ‐categories of ‐operads, the one defined in Lurie [Higher algebra, available at the author's homepage, http://math.ias.edu/~lurie/, September 2017 version] and the one based on dendroidal spaces.
Design and Testing of a Compact, Reverse Brayton Cycle, Air (R729) Cooling Machine
Authors: Teichel Sönke , Karaefe Renan Emre , Çokşen Ahmet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Efforts to reduce the contribution of refrigeration to global warming have resulted in a phase-down of the use of fluorinated refrigerants. The alternative, natural refrigerants, such as propane (R290), have significantly lower global warming potential (GWP) and are less harmful to the environment. R290 is however flammable, which is problematic for applications like electronics cooling. Reverse Brayton Cycle (RBC) refrigeration can work with air as refrigerant (R729). Air is completely harmless; it can be used for direct cooling, allowing more effective cooling, faster cooldown, and a less complex cooling cycle. Despite its significant efficiency disadvantage at cooling temperatures above −50 °C, this can make R729 an attractive refrigerant for in applications where efficiency is not the most critical parameter. In this paper, the design considerations of compact, electrically driven RBC cooling machines (about 2 kWe) are discussed. Preliminary system design is presented for two different potential applications, high cooling temperatures (25 °C) and low cooling temperatures (−90 °C). The design process of the turbine stage of an RBC cooling machine including a method for matching compressor and turbine is presented. A demonstrator was built and tested.
Modeling Microwave-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Infiltration Process for Preventing Premature Pore Closure
Authors: Ge Wenjun , Ramanuj Vimal , Li Mengnan , Sankaran Ramanan , She Ying , Dardas Zissis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process involves infiltrating a porous preform with reacting gases that undergo chemical transformation at high temperatures to deposit the ceramic phase within the pores, ultimately leading to a dense composite. The conventional CVI process in composite manufacturing needs to follow an isothermal approach to minimize temperature differences between the external and internal surfaces of the preform, ensuring that reactive gases infiltrate internal pores before external surfaces seal. This study addresses the challenge of premature pore closure in CVI processes through microwave heating. A frequency-domain microwave solver is developed in OpenFOAM to investigate volumetric heating mechanisms within the preform. Through numerical studies, we demonstrate the capability of microwave heating of creating an inside-out temperature inversion. This inversion accelerates reactions proximal to the preform center, effectively mitigating the risk of premature external pore closure and ensuring uniform densification. The results reveal a significant enhancement in temperature inversion when high-permittivity reflectors are incorporated to generate resonant waves. This microwave heating strategy is then coupled with high-fidelity direct numerical simulation (DNS) of reacting flow, enabling the analysis of resulting densification processes. The DNS includes detailed chemistry and realistic diffusion coefficients. The numerical results can be used to estimate the impact of microwave-induced temperature inversion on densification in productions.
Design and Realization of an Isomorphic Master-Slave Robotic System for Precise Sub-Micrometer Manipulations in Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Wang Zhaodong , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Intra-ocular surgery requires precise submicrometer manipulations within the confined ocular space. Implementing a master-slave robotic system is a potential solution. The development of master manipulators impacts the overall performance of the robotic system. A master–slave isomorphic mapping method is used to design a master manipulator prototype. Kinematic and dynamic models of the master manipulator are established, and dynamic parameters and friction forces at each joint identified. Gravity compensation is applied to the master manipulator based on motor torque, and its efficacy is validated through experiments. The isomorphic master manipulator adapts to the required degrees-of-freedom (DOF) for intra-ocular surgery. The gravity compensates algorithm, based on torque, enables stable hovering of the master manipulator within the workspace and reduces the operating force by 71.4%. The proposed master manipulator can feasibly be applied in master–slave surgical robot systems.
Modeling and Experimental Studies on Vibration-Induced Force Reduction During Needle Insertion of Thin Tissues
Authors: Zhao Xiaolu , Wang Fujun , Tao Changping , Liu Haitao , Liang Cunman , Shi Beichao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Needle insertion of thin tissues is a crucial procedure in invasive biomedical operations. Reducing the interaction force during needle insertion could yield benefits such as avoiding tissue damage caused by overstretch and improving the insertion accuracy by decreasing the target point deformation. Vibration-assisted needle insertion possesses the advantages of low injury risk, unrestricted by incision and balanced insertion controllability and efficiency. However, the mechanism of vibration assistance for thin tissue insertion is unclear, and how to select appropriate insertion parameters to reduce the interaction force effectively requires further investigation. This paper focuses on the vibration-assisted needle insertion method of thin tissues to reduce the interaction force. A comprehensive force model is established based on the overall consideration of the coupled, time-varying and phased needle-tissue mechanical interaction behaviors and the geometrical characteristic of tissue. The influence of vibration is analyzed and modeled based on the vibration-enhanced stress concentration and the time-averaged effect of friction. A vibration-assisted needle insertion experimental setup is established, and thin tissue insertion tests are carried out to investigate the influences of insertion parameters on different kinds of interaction forces and validate the theoretical model. The results show that the fracture force and friction force increase when the insertion velocity is raised. The fracture force monotonically decreases with both the vibration frequency and amplitude, while the friction force reduces with a smaller velocity ratio. The study provides valuable insights for reducing the interaction force of thin tissue insertion.
Iatrogenic emboli during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: comparison between stent retriever technique and contact aspiration—a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Mouyal Samuel J , Granger Benjamin , Janot Kevin , Ifergan Héloïse , Hoche Clémence , Herbreteau Denis , Bibi Richard Edwige , Boulouis Grégoire , Bala Fouzi , Donnard Baptiste , Barrot Valère , Giubbolini Francesca , Bourcier Romain , Constant-dit-Beaufils Pacôme , Alexandre Pierre-Louis , Eugène Francois , Alias Quentin , Boucherit Julien , Beaufreton Edouard , Gauvrit Jean-Yves , Ferré Jean-Christophe , Guillen Maud , Ronziere Thomas , Lassalle Maria-Veronica , Malrain Cécile , Tracol Clément , Vannier Stéphane , Shotar Eimad , Premat Kévin , Lenck Stéphanie , Sourour Nader-Antoine , Alamowitch Sonia , Rosso Charlotte , Clarençon Frédéric 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke from large vessel occlusion (LVO). While embolization to a new territory (ENT) after MT is well-documented, data on embolization in the same distal territory (EDT) are limited. Achieving modified Treatment In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 3 reperfusion presents significant clinical benefits over mTICI 2b/2c, necessitating strategies to reduce both ENT and EDT. Previous studies suggest higher rates of EDTs with contact aspiration compared with stentrievers. However, comprehensive comparison studies in clinical practice are scarce. This study compares the rates of overall clot emboli (OCE) between these MT strategies.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter observational study was conducted at four university hospitals in France from January 2015 to November 2019. Adult patients (≥18 years) with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO, treated with either contact aspiration (ADAPT, A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique) or stentrievers, specifically using the Embotrap device to maintain sample homogeneity, were included. Digital subtraction angiography was used for imaging, with two independent, blinded reviewers assessing OCE post-first MT pass. Propensity score full matching and independent sample testing were employed to evaluate OCE after the first MT pass.ResultsA significant difference in OCE rates was observed between contact aspiration and stentriever techniques, with the stentriever technique resulting in fewer embolic events compared with ADAPT, based on a propensity score analysis that accounts for key confounding factors.ConclusionA statistically significant reduction in embolic events was observed with the stentriever technique compared with contact aspiration. These results suggest that the stentriever method may offer a safer profile in terms of embolic risk for LVO interventions, and should be considered over contact aspiration when embolic risk is a primary concern, while also considering individual patient factors.
Search for Pauli Exclusion Principle violations with Gator at LNGS
Authors: Baudis L. , Biondi R. , Bismark A. , Clozza A. , Curceanu C. , Galloway M. , Napolitano F. , Piastra F. , Piscicchia K. , Porcelli A. , Ramírez García D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) appears from fundamental symmetries in quantum field theories, but its physical origin is still to be understood. High-precision experimental searches for small PEP violations permit testing key assumptions of the Standard Model with high sensitivity. We report on a dedicated measurement with Gator, a low-background, high-purity germanium detector operated at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, aimed at testing PEP-violating atomic transitions in lead. The experimental technique, relying on forming a new symmetry state by introducing electrons into the pre-existing electron system through a direct current, satisfies the conditions of the Messiah-Greenberg superselection rule. No PEP violation has been observed, and an upper limit on the PEP violation probability of $$\beta ^2/2 < 4.8 \cdot 10^{-29}$$

β
2

/
2
<
4.8
·

10

-
29

(90% CL) is set. This improves the previous constraint from a comparable measurement by more than one order of magnitude.
Urinary Nephrin: A Potential Biomarker of Early Glomerular Injury in a Cohort of Pregnant Women Attending Routine Antenatal Care Services
Authors: Mesfine Belete Biadgo , Vojisavljevic Danica , Kapoor Ranjna , Watson David , Kandasamy Yogavijayan , Rudd Donna 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Glomerular injury may occur during pregnancy as a consequence of systemic disease and pregnancy‐related medical complications. While urinary nephrin has been shown to provide early identification of preeclampsia (PE) in high‐risk pregnancies, the role of urinary nephrin in determining glomerular injury in pregnant women is yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the use of urinary nephrin as a predictor for early glomerular injury in a study conducted at the Townville University Hospital.Methods and Materials: A cross‐sectional study was conducted. All pregnant women with a full dataset (n = 273) were classified into three categories according to their urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR): normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Continuous variables were compared between groups, and the cut‐off value for the urinary nephrin‐to‐creatinine ratio (NCR) was determined to predict albuminuria as an indirect indicator of early glomerular injury. The percentages of pregnant women who had elevated nephrinuria were calculated for each of the ACR categories.Results: Urinary NCR positively correlated with urinary ACR (r = 0.29, p < 0.0001). Urinary NCR increased comparably in women with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Using a cut‐off value of 14 ng/mg, nephrinuria was detected in 65% of women with normoalbuminuria, 95% with microalbuminuria and 100% with macroalbuminuria. Of the normoalbuminuric women who had an elevated urinary NCR (> 14 ng/mg), 78% were diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder and 63% were diagnosed with diabetes in pregnancy. In women with PE, urinary NCR and ACR were significantly higher when compared to women who did not develop PE. The AUC of the ROC for urinary NCR was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.650–0.824), with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 36% to predict glomerular injury and a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 42% to predict glomerular injury of PE.Conclusion: The study found that urinary NCR were elevated not only in women with micro‐ and macroalbuminuria but also in pregnant women with normoalbuminuria. Increased urinary NCR without increased urinary albumin may be associated with early glomerular injury. Urinary NCR may be a more sensitive marker than microalbuminuria to detect early glomerular injury in women with systemic disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The Force Intervention Brigade
Authors: Giblin Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines lessons learned from the Force Intervention Brigade in relation to the fundamental principles of peacekeeping. Whilst the Security Council declared that the Brigade, deployed in the dr Congo in 2013, was created ‘without a precedent or any prejudice to the agreed principles of peacekeeping’ this article will consider how it has challenged our understanding of these principles and will question to what extent a precedent has been set within peacekeeping. As the UN’s peace operation in the Congo, monusco, is set to withdraw and regional actors involved in the creation of the Brigade seek to deploy forces, the article will argue that the Brigade expanded peacekeeping to its very limits, amounting to a ‘conscious departure’ from the peacekeeping principles which should be avoided in any future UN peace operations.
Exploring the Role of Genetic Testing in Decisions to Redirect Care in Critically Ill Infants
Authors: Mowery Ashley , Wong Bob , Seale Jamie , Brunelli Luca 
Published: November 2024

Objective Genetic disorders are a major determinant of morbidity and mortality within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Studies have found genetic testing in critically ill infants may lead to changes in clinical decisions such as pursuing end of life care. This study surveyed palliative care providers to explore the influence of genetic testing on decisions to redirect care in critically ill infants. Methods This study was conducted retrospectively on cases who were admitted to the Level IV NICU at Primary Children’s Hospital, underwent redirection to end of life care, and whose death date was between 2019-2023. A review of the case’s electronic medical record was performed to construct a clinical case summary. The clinical summary and questionnaire were sent to the case’s palliative care provider. Results Fifty-six cases were included in this study and 73% had genetic testing completed. Our results suggest the information from genetic testing played a relatively minor role in the decision to redirect care for cases with negative or uncertain genetic testing and positive genetic testing results, although the influence appeared higher in the latter group. Conclusion Our results suggest the assumptions of several studies that genetic testing is responsible for changes in clinical management and cost savings, especially in cases of redirection of care may have been overestimated. Our results fill a critical gap in current literature and demonstrate the need for further investigation to clarify the direct role of genetic testing in clinical decisions in the NICU, especially related to redirection of care.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2017-2022 National Immunization Survey: Sociodemographic Disparities Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Initiation and Completion Series Among US Adolescents
Authors: Ibrahim-Ojoawo Atinuke , Powe Nicolette , Rogers Richard , Learman Ken , Hefner Heather 
Published: November 2024

Objective The introduction of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has led to future decline in prevalence of HPV-causing cancers; however, disparities in early HPV vaccine uptake and coverage may contribute to persistent inequalities in HPV-related cancers in the United States. We assess the current trend of sociodemographic factors significantly associated with the initiation and Up To Date (UTD) HPV vaccine series among adolescents in the U.S. Methods The retrospective National Immunization Survey-Teen data were analyzed for a cohort of adolescents aged 13-17 years who initiated HPV vaccine and completed the series from 2017 to 2022. A multivariable logistic regression estimated the correlation of sociodemographic variables to determine the odds of HPV vaccine initiation and completion as the outcomes. Results There were 3.2% and 5% surge in HPV vaccine initiation and UTD, respectively, with teens’ mean age of 14.98 over the years. The unvaccinated dropped by 5.6%, and those not UTD declined by 4.6% in the HPV vaccine series during this period. The proportion of teens who initiated and completed the vaccine series were mostly older female teens, non-Hispanics, regularly insured with private coverage, raised by educated older mothers, above poverty status, and living in the South. The adjusted multivariable logistic regression shows the odds of initiating and completing increases over the years, and older teens are more likely to initiate the HPV vaccine and complete the vaccine series. However, boys with non-Medicaid coverage/uninsured in the South have lower odds to initiate and complete the vaccine. Conclusion Improved HPV vaccine uptake and UTD were found in older females, insured with Medicaid, and from highly educated mothers in the Northeast. Findings underscore the importance of effective strategies to address current HPV vaccination disparities among identified teens with lower uptake and UTD that may reduce future burden of HPV-related cancers in the U.S.
Liver Cancer and Risk Factors in the MENA Region: Epidemiology and Temporal Trends Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Data
Authors: Lakkis Najla A. , Mokalled Nour M. , Osman Mona H. , Musharrafieh Umayya M. , Eljammal Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Background Liver cancer (LivCa) is a growing concern in the MENA region, driven by diverse factors, including viral hepatitis, lifestyle-related risks, and other causes. Methods Utilizing GBD 2019 data, we assessed LivCa patterns, emphasizing chronic viral hepatitis, non-viral factors, and health care disparities across the MENA region. Results Rising LivCa rates, particularly related to chronic viral hepatitis, highlight the region’s health challenges. Lifestyle factors, such as obesity and diabetes, contribute significantly. Disparities in health care access and cancer registration hinder accurate assessments. Conclusion A comprehensive strategy is vital, encompassing vaccination promotion, health care enhancements, and lifestyle awareness. Urgent coordinated efforts are needed to address disparities, implement evidence-based interventions, and alleviate the escalating LivCa burden in the MENA region.
A Review of Advances in Mitochondrial Research in Cancer
Authors: Li Zhiru , Zhang Wu , Guo Shaowei , Qi Guoyan , Huang Jiandi , Gao Jin , Zhao Jing , Kang Lin , Li Qingxia 
Published: November 2024

Background Abnormalities in mitochondrial structure or function are closely related to the development of malignant tumors. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming provides precursor substances and energy for the vital activities of tumor cells, so that cancer cells can rapidly adapt to the unfavorable environment of hypoxia and nutrient deficiency. Mitochondria can enable tumor cells to gain the ability to proliferate, escape immune responses, and develop drug resistance by altering constitutive junctions, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial subcellular relocalization. This greatly reduces the rate of effective clinical control of tumors. Purpose Explore the major role of mitochondria in cancer, as well as targeted mitochondrial therapies and mitochondria-associated markers. Conclusions This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the various aspects of mitochondrial aberrations and addresses drugs that target mitochondrial therapy, providing a basis for clinical mitochondria-targeted anti-tumor therapy.
Early postoperative resistance index can predict radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula failure
Authors: Inagaki Koji , Onogi Chikao , Iimuro Keita , Suzuki Akira , Furusawa Shin , Tsuji Masashi , Akahori Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2024

Background: Ultrasonography is valuable for assessing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation. Brachial artery flow volume (FV) measured at 6 weeks post-AVF creation can predict AVF failure. However, the association between early postoperative FV and AVF failure remains unclear. The resistance index (RI) may also serve as a prognostic factor for AVF maturation; however, it has not been extensively studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between AVF failure and early postoperative FV and RI. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 102 patients (mean age, 67.8 ± 14.2 years; male, 68.6%; diabetes mellitus, 52.0%) who underwent new radiocephalic-AVF creation between January 2019 and December 2023 in Japan. An ultrasound device was used to measure brachial artery FV and RI on postoperative days 0 and 1. AVF failure was defined as occlusion or stenosis requiring vascular access intervention or surgical revision before the first cannulation, or cannulation difficulty or FV dysfunction requiring vascular access intervention or surgery at the first cannulation. Results: On postoperative day 0, FV was 383.1 ± 146.8 mL/min, and RI was 0.65 ± 0.11. On postoperative day 1, FV was 466.9 ± 179.2 mL/min, and RI was 0.62 ± 0.11. FV significantly increased, and RI was significantly reduced on postoperative day 1 compared to those on day 0 ( p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed that higher RI (per 0.1; odds ratio (OR), 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–3.82), but not FV, was significantly associated with AVF failure on postoperative day 0. On postoperative day 1, lower FV (per 100 mL/min; OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42–0.95) and higher RI (per 0.1; OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.16–4.05) were significantly associated with AVF failure. Conclusions: This study highlights RI as a predictor of AVF failure in the early postoperative period when vasospasm is likely to occur.