bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(polyhedral)s: synthesis and study of a new class of polyurethanes composed of homocubanes
Authors: Hwang Chiwon , Sultane Prakash R , Kang Dong‐Hee , Bielawski Christopher W 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA new class of polyurethanes composed of homocubane‐based monomers has been synthesized and studied. Combining a basketane diol or a snoutane diol with various diisocyanates afforded the corresponding polymers in excellent yields and in high molecular weight (number‐average molecular weight (Mn) up to 49 kDa). The polyurethanes were found to be soluble in common organic solvents and displayed glass transition temperatures that ranged from 51 to 184 °C, depending on the structures of the monomers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Systematic approximation of multi-scale Feynman integrals
Authors: Borowka Sophia , Gehrmann Thomas , Hulme Daniel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn algorithm for the systematic analytical approximation of multi-scale Feynman integrals is presented. The algorithm produces algebraic expressions as functions of the kinematical parameters and mass scales appearing in the Feynman integrals, allowing for fast numerical evaluation. The results are valid in all kinematical regions, both above and below thresholds, up to in principle arbitrary orders in the dimensional regulator. The scope of the algorithm is demonstrated by presenting results for selected two-loop threepoint and four-point integrals with an internal mass scale that appear in the two-loop amplitudes for Higgs+jet production.
Practice Variation among an International Group of Genetic Counselors on when to Offer Predictive Genetic Testing to Children at Risk of an Inherited Arrhythmia or Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Christian S. , Somerville M. , Huculak C. , Atallah J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCascade predictive genetic testing is available for many families as a means to identify individuals at risk of long QT syndrome (LQTS), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). The general issue of offering predictive genetic testing to minors has been an area of ethical debate among genetic counselors and other healthcare professionals for many years. An online questionnaire was circulated to four international genetic counseling associations to assess the views of cardiac genetic counselors regarding when to offer predictive genetic testing to children at risk of LQTS, CPVT, HCM, and ARVC. Analysis was both quantitative and qualitative. The study sample comprised 98 respondents. The majority reported that they offer predictive genetic testing before 5 years of age to children at risk of LQTS (83%) and CVPT (75%) and before 10 years of age to children at risk of HCM (66%) or ARVC (70%). Influencing factors included country of practice, clinical setting, and years of experience. The rationale provided for when to offer predictive genetic testing is encompassed by the ethical principles of beneficence, non‐maleficence, autonomy, and informed consent. In conclusion, significant practice variation exists among cardiac genetic counselors regarding predictive genetic testing for children at risk of an inherited cardiomyopathy. These variations call for more research in the area to assist with the development of evidence‐based guidelines.
When is punishment harmful to cooperation? A note on antisocial and perverse punishment
Authors: Fu Tingting , Putterman Louis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEconomists conducting laboratory experiments on cooperation and peer punishment find that a non-negligible minority of punishments is directed at cooperators rather than free riders. Such punishments have been categorized as ‘perverse’ or ‘antisocial,’ using definitions that partially overlap, but not entirely so. Which approach better identifies punishment that discourages cooperation? We analyze the data from 16 sites studied by Herrmann et al. (Science 319(5868):1362–1367, 2008) and find that when subjects are uninformed about who punished them, the recipient’s contribution relative to the group average (whether it is ‘perverse’) is a better predictor of negative impact on contribution than is her contribution relative to the punisher’s (whether it is ‘antisocial’). Regression estimates nevertheless suggest that punished subjects attempt to take relative contribution of punisher into account even if only by conjecture.
Role of adiponectin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease unclassified
Authors: Al-Khalidy Huda S.H. , Hasan Riyadh Mohamad , Mahdi Batool Mutar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifestyle idiopathic, chronic, and inflammatory intestinal disorders that required long-term medications and care.
Aim of the study Assess the level of adiponectin in IBDU and its relation with different parameters like lipid profile and Body Mass Index (BMI).
Type of the study A case-controlled study.
Patients and methods The total number of study groups was sixty individuals, forty of them were patients with inflammatory bowel disease unclassified and the rest were control healthy subjects. Serums were examined for lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLP, LDLP (Human-Germany), adiponectin (Human-Germany).
Results Adiponectin, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and LDL/HDL were significantly higher in patient group. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between adiponectin and height (r = −0.071), waist to hip ratio (r = −0.174), cholesterol (r = −0.417), HDL (r = −0.039), LDL (r = −0.451) while other parameters there are positive correlation.
Conclusions IBDU is associated with increased level of adiponectin which is positively associated with BMI and triglyceride. It is negatively correlation with height, waist to hip ratio, cholesterol, HDL and LDL.
Autonomy, Progress and Virtue: Why Kant has Nothing to Fear from the Overdemandingness Objection
Authors: Timmermann Jens 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIs Kant’s ethical theory too demanding? Do its commands ask too much of us, either by calling for self-sacrifice on particular occasions, or by pervading our lives to the extent that there is no room for permissible action? In this article, I argue that Kant’s ethics is very demanding, but not excessively so. The notion of ‘latitude’ (the idea that wide duty admits of ‘exceptions’) does not help. But we need to bear in mind (i) that moral laws are self-imposed and cannot be externally enforced; (ii) that ‘right action’ is not a category of Kantian ethics – there is a more and a less, and lack of perfection does not entail vice; and (iii) that only practice makes perfect, i.e. how much virtue can realistically be expected can vary from agent to agent. The principle that ‘ought’ is limited by ‘can’ is firmly entrenched in Kant’s ethical thought.
Race, Religion, or Culture? Framing Islam between Racism and Neo-Racism in the Online Network of the French Far Right
Authors: Froio Caterina 
Published: August 2018

When debates about Islam acquire importance in the public sphere, does the far right adhere to traditional racist arguments, risking marginalization, or does it conform to mainstream values to attain legitimacy in the political system? Focusing on the aftermath of the 2015 terrorist attacks in France, I explore the framing of Islam, discussing how the far right’s nativist arguments were reformulated to engage with available discursive opportunities and dominant conceptions of the national identity. By looking at actors in the protest and the electoral arenas, I examine the interplay between the choice of anti-Islam frames and baseline national values.I offer a novel mixed-method approach to study political discourses, combining social network analysis of the links between seventy-seven far-right websites with a qualitative frame analysis of online material. It also includes measures of online visibility of these websites to assess their audiences. The results confirm that anti-Islam frames are couched along a spectrum of discursive opportunity, where actors can either opt to justify opposition to Islam based on interpretations of core national values (culture and religion) or mobilize on strictly oppositional values (biological racism). The framing strategy providing most online visibility is based on neo-racist arguments. While this strategy allows distortion of baseline national values of secularity and republicanism, without breaching the social contract, it is also a danger for organizations that made “opposition to the system” their trademark. While the results owe much to the French context, the conclusions draw broader implications as to the far right going mainstream.
Dehydroxylation Kinetics of Clay Minerals and Its Application to Friction Heating Along an Imbricate Thrust in an Accretionary Prism
Authors: Masumoto Hirokazu , Kameda Jun , Arima Hiroshi , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Nagai Takaya , Yamamoto Yuzuru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDehydroxylation of clay minerals within fault gouges is significant for assessing transient thermogenesis due to high‐velocity, frictional slip along fault zones. The clay minerals kaolinite and chlorite are common in fault zones hosted in sedimentary rocks at subduction margins. To better understand the dehydroxylation processes of these clay minerals, high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction analyses were carried out by using a 1:1 mixture of kaolinite and chlorite standard samples. We evaluated the kinetic parameters of each dehydroxylation reaction by thermogravimetric analysis using the Friedman method. For kaolinite, the thermogravimetric data are fitted with a one and a half order equation (F3/2) with an activation energy of 171 kJ/mol and a frequency factor of 5.6 × 108 s−1. The data for chlorite are analyzed by the geometrical contracting model equation (R2) with an activation energy of 197 kJ/mol and a frequency factor of 4.5 × 109 s−1. Thermal models of frictional heating employing this calibration show that the frictional heating can explain the reported clay mineralogy in a fossil imbricate thrust from a shallow part in an ancient accretionary prism (Shirako Fault, Japan). This result supports the previous assertion, and the observed temperature anomaly appears to demonstrate the frictional heating caused by coseismic slip on this fault.
The Final Stages of Slip and Volcanism on an Oceanic Detachment Fault at 13°48′N, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Parnell‐Turner R. E. , Mittelstaedt E. , Kurz M. D. , Jones M. P. , Soule S. A. , Klein F. , Wanless V. D. , Fornari D. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile processes associated with initiation and maintenance of oceanic detachment faults are becoming better constrained, much less is known about the tectonic and magmatic conditions that lead to fault abandonment. Here we present results from near‐bottom investigations using the submersible Alvin and autonomous underwater vehicle Sentry at a recently extinct detachment fault near 13°48′N, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, that allow documentation of the final stages of fault activity and magmatism. Seafloor imagery, sampling, and near‐bottom magnetic data show that the detachment footwall is intersected by an ~850 m‐wide volcanic outcrop including pillow lavas. Saturation pressures in these vesicular basalts, based on dissolved H2O and CO2, are less than their collection pressures, which could be explained by eruption at a shallower level than their present depth. Sub‐bottom profiles reveal that sediment thickness, a loose proxy for seafloor age, is ~2 m greater on top of the volcanic terrain than on the footwall adjacent to the hanging‐wall cutoff. This difference could be explained by current‐driven erosion in the axial valley or by continued slip after volcanic emplacement, on either a newly formed or pre‐existing fault. Since current speeds near the footwall are unlikely to be sufficient to cause significant erosion, we favor the hypothesis that detachment slip continued after the episode of magmatism, consistent with growing evidence that oceanic detachments can continue to slip despite hosting magmatic intrusions.
Prediction of Solar Wind Speed at 1 AU Using an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Yang Yi , Shen Fang , Yang Zicai , Feng Xueshang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA hybrid intelligent source surface model applying the artificial neural network tactic for solar wind speed prediction is presented in this paper. The model is a hybrid system merging various observational and theoretical information as input. Different inputs are tested including individual parameters and their combinations in order to select an optimum. Then, the optimal model is implemented for prediction. The prediction is validated by both error analysis and event‐based analysis from 2007 to 2016. The overall correlation coefficient is 0.74, and the root‐mean‐square error is 68 km/s. The probability for detecting a high‐speed‐event is 0.68, the positive predicted value is 0.73, and the threat score is 0.55.
Dependency on the TYK2/STAT1/MCL1 axis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Prutsch Nicole , Gurnhofer Elisabeth , Suske Tobias , Liang Huan Chang , Schlederer Michaela , Roos Simone , Wu Lawren C. , Simonitsch-Klupp Ingrid , Alvarez-Hernandez Andrea , Kornauth Christoph , Leone Dario A. , Svinka Jasmin , Eferl Robert , Limberger Tanja , Aufinger Astrid , Shirsath Nitesh , Wolf Peter , Hielscher Thomas , Sternberg Christina , Aberger Fritz , Schmoellerl Johannes , Stoiber Dagmar , Strobl Birgit , Jäger Ulrich , Staber Philipp B. , Grebien Florian , Moriggl Richard , Müller Mathias , Inghirami Giorgio G. , Sanda Takaomi , Look A. Thomas , Turner Suzanne D. , Kenner Lukas , Merkel Olaf 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTYK2 is a member of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases that is involved in chromosomal translocation-induced fusion proteins found in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) that lack rearrangements activating the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Here we demonstrate that TYK2 is highly expressed in all cases of human ALCL, and that in a mouse model of NPM-ALK-induced lymphoma, genetic disruption of Tyk2 delays the onset of tumors and prolongs survival of the mice. Lymphomas in this model lacking Tyk2 have reduced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced expression of Mcl1, a pro-survival member of the BCL2 family. These findings in mice are mirrored in human ALCL cell lines, in which TYK2 is activated by autocrine production of IL-10 and IL-22 and by interaction with specific receptors expressed by the cells. Activated TYK2 leads to STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, activated expression of MCL1 and aberrant ALCL cell survival. Moreover, TYK2 inhibitors are able to induce apoptosis in ALCL cells, regardless of the presence or absence of an ALK-fusion. Thus, TYK2 is a dependency that is required for ALCL cell survival through activation of MCL1 expression. TYK2 represents an attractive drug target due to its essential enzymatic domain, and TYK2-specific inhibitors show promise as novel targeted inhibitors for ALCL.
Tribotronic bipolar junction transistor for mechanical frequency monitoring and use as touch switch
Authors: Xi Fengben , Pang Yaokun , Li Wenjian , Bu Tianzhao , Zhao Junqing , Liu Guoxu , Guo Tong , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTribotronics, a new field that involves the coupling of triboelectricity and semiconductors, has attracted great interest in the nanoenergy and nanoelectronics domains. This paper proposes a tribotronic bipolar junction transistor (TBJT) that incorporates a bipolar junction transistor and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) in the single-electrode mode. When the mobile triboelectric layer slides on the device surface for electrification, a bias voltage is created and applied to the emitter junction, and then the base current from the TENG is amplified. Based on the fabricated TBJT, a mechanical frequency monitoring sensor with high sensitivity and excellent stability and a finger-triggered touch switch were developed. This work demonstrated for the first time a tribotronic device with simultaneously controlled voltage and current voltage/current simultaneously controlled tribotronic device, which has promising potential applications in micro/nano-sensors, human-machine interactions, intelligent instrumentation, wearable electronics, and other applications.
Hyperfine-phonon spin relaxation in a single-electron GaAs quantum dot
Authors: Camenzind Leon C. , Yu Liuqi , Stano Peter , Zimmerman Jeramy D. , Gossard Arthur C. , Loss Daniel , Zumbühl Dominik M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUnderstanding and control of the spin relaxation time T1 is among the key challenges for spin-based qubits. A larger T1 is generally favored, setting the fundamental upper limit to the qubit coherence and spin readout fidelity. In GaAs quantum dots at low temperatures and high in-plane magnetic fields B, the spin relaxation relies on phonon emission and spin–orbit coupling. The characteristic dependence T1 ∝ B−5 and pronounced B-field anisotropy were already confirmed experimentally. However, it has also been predicted 15 years ago that at low enough fields, the spin–orbit interaction is replaced by the coupling to the nuclear spins, where the relaxation becomes isotropic, and the scaling changes to T1 ∝ B−3. Here, we establish these predictions experimentally, by measuring T1 over an unprecedented range of magnetic fields—made possible by lower temperature—and report a maximum T1 = 57 ± 15 s at the lowest fields, setting a record electron spin lifetime in a nanostructure.
Near-infrared-triggered photon upconversion tuning in all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Zheng Wei , Huang Ping , Gong Zhongliang , Tu Datao , Xu Jin , Zou Qilin , Li Renfu , You Wenwu , Bünzli Jean-Claude G. , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAll-inorganic CsPbX3(X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have shown great promise in optoelectronics and photovoltaics owing to their outstanding linear optical properties; however, nonlinear upconversion is limited by the small cross-section of multiphoton absorption, necessitating high power density excitation. Herein, we report a convenient and versatile strategy to fine tuning the upconversion luminescence in CsPbX3PeQDs through sensitization by lanthanide-doped nanoparticles. Full-color emission with wavelengths beyond the availability of lanthanides is achieved through tailoring of the PeQDs bandgap, in parallel with the inherent high conversion efficiency of energy transfer upconversion under low power density excitation. Importantly, the luminescent lifetimes of the excitons can be enormously lengthened from the intrinsic nanosecond scale to milliseconds depending on the lifetimes of lanthanide ions. These findings provide a general approach to stimulate photon upconversion in PeQDs, thereby opening up a new avenue for exploring novel and versatile applications of PeQDs.
Ribitol restores functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan and improves muscle function in dystrophic FKRP-mutant mice
Authors: Cataldi Marcela P. , Lu Peijuan , Blaeser Anthony , Lu Qi Long 
Published: August 2018

AbstractO-mannosylated α-dystroglycan (α-DG) serves as receptors for cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion and signaling. Hypoglycosylation of α-DG is involved in cancer progression and underlies dystroglycanopathy with aberrant neuronal development. Here we report that ribitol, a pentose alcohol with previously unknown function in mammalian cells, partially restores functional O-mannosylation of α-DG (F-α-DG) in the dystroglycanopathy model containing a P448L mutation in fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene, which is clinically associated with severe congenital muscular dystrophy. Oral administration of ribitol increases levels of ribitol-5-phosphate and CDP-ribitol and restores therapeutic levels of F-α-DG in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Furthermore, ribitol, given before and after the onset of disease phenotype, reduces skeletal muscle pathology, significantly decreases cardiac fibrosis and improves skeletal and respiratory functions in the FKRP mutant mice. Ribitol treatment presents a new class, low risk, and easy to administer experimental therapy to restore F-α-DG in FKRP-related muscular dystrophy.
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of US-approved LAMA/LABA therapies versus tiotropium in moderate-to-severe COPD
Authors: Han MeiLan K. , Ray Riju , Foo Jason , Morel Chaienna , Hahn Beth 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDual bronchodilator maintenance therapy may benefit patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) versus long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) monotherapy. The efficacy and safety of US-approved LAMA/long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) combinations versus tiotropium (TIO), a LAMA, were assessed. This systematic review and meta-analysis (GSK: 206938), conducted in MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-process, and EMBASE following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, identified randomized clinical trials (>8 weeks) in moderate-to-severe COPD (per Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines), receiving LAMA/LABA or TIO. Endpoints: difference in change from baseline in lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]; trough, peak, area under the curve 0–3 h post-dose (AUC0–3), St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) responder rate (≥4-unit improvement), SGRQ total score, and rescue medication use at 12 and 24 weeks. Safety was also assessed. From 5683 citations, the meta-analysis included eight clinical trials. LAMA/LABA significantly improved FEV1 trough (Week 12: 63.0 mL, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 39.2, 86.8; Week 24: 66.1 mL, 95% CI: 40.0, 92.3), peak (Week 12: 91.5 mL, 95% CI: 70.5, 112.4; Week 24: 92.4 mL, 95% CI: 72.9, 111.9), AUC0–3 (Week 12: 126.8 mL, 95% CI: 108.1, 145.4), SGRQ responder rate at Week 12 (risk ratio: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28), mean SGRQ total score (Week 12: −1.87, 95% CI: −2.72, −1.02; Week 24: −1.05, 95% CI: −2.02, −0.09), and rescue medication use (Week 24: −0.47 puffs/day, 95% CI: −0.64, −0.30) versus TIO (all p ≤ 0.03). The SGRQ responder rate at 24 weeks and adverse events were not significantly different between treatments. US-approved LAMA/LABA therapies improved lung function, SGR,Q and rescue medication use versus TIO, without compromising safety.
Large magnetoresistance and superconductivity in α-gallium single crystals
Authors: Chen Bin , Duan Xu , Wang Hangdong , Du Jianhua , Zhou Yuxing , Xu Chunqiang , Zhang Yukun , Zhang Liyao , Wei Meng , Xia Zhengcai , Cao Chao , Dai Jianhui , Fang Minghu , Yang Jinhu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTopological metals, including Dirac and Weyl semimetals, represent a wide class of quantum materials with non-trivial electronic band structures. The essential properties of Dirac or Weyl fermions, including light effective mass and high mobility, have been observed in a number of semimetal compounds, which in turn exhibit large positive magnetoresistances. Here, we report an unexpected observation of all these properties in α-gallium (α-Ga) single crystals, a pure metal that is in the liquid phase at room temperature and ambient pressure. Based on systematical transport measurements, α-Ga single crystal is found to exhibit large magnetoresistance, reaching about 1.66 × 106 per cent at 2 K in a magnetic field of 9 T. At low temperatures the de Haas–van Alphen and Shubinikov de Hass quantum oscillations show ultrahigh mobility and very small cyclotron effective mass for charge carriers, together with a non-trivial Berry phase. Combined with first-principle band structure calculations, these properties demonstrate α-Ga as a rare topological pure metal. Furthermore, superconductivity with Tc of ~0.9 K is confirmed by both specific heat and resistivity measurements. These findings suggest that α-Ga is a unique pure metal displaying both non-trivial topological and superconducting properties.