bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical review of the role of milk and other dairy products in the development of obesity in children and adolescents
Authors: Dougkas Anestis , Barr Suzanne , Reddy Sheela , Summerbell Carolyn D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExisting reviews suggest that milk and other dairy products do not play a role in the development of obesity in childhood, but they do make an important contribution to children’s nutrient intake. It is thus curious that public health advice on the consumption of dairy products for children is often perceived as unclear. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the totality of the evidence on the association between milk and other dairy products, and obesity and indicators of adiposity, in children. Our search identified forty-three cross-sectional studies, thirty-one longitudinal cohort studies and twenty randomised controlled trials. We found that milk and other dairy products are consistently found to be not associated, or inversely associated, with obesity and indicators of adiposity in children. Adjustment for energy intake tended to change inverse associations to neutral. Also, we found little evidence to suggest that the relationship varied by type of milk or dairy product, or age of the children, although there was a dearth of evidence for young children. Only nine of the ninety-four studies found a positive association between milk and other dairy products and body fatness. There may be some plausible mechanisms underlying the effect of milk and other dairy products on adiposity that influence energy and fat balance, possibly through fat absorption, appetite or metabolic activity of gut microbiota. In conclusion, there is little evidence to support a concern to limit the consumption of milk and other dairy products for children on the grounds that they may promote obesity.
Description of the home food environment in Black, White, Hmong, Latino, Native American and Somali homes with 5–7-year-old children
Authors: Trofholz Amanda , Tate Allan , Fulkerson Jayne A , Hearst Mary O , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , Berge Jerica M 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo categorize the home food environment and dietary intake of young children (5–7 years old) from racially/ethnically diverse households using objectively collected data.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingIn-home observations in Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.SubjectsFamilies with 5–7-year-old children who identified as Black, White, Hmong, Latino, Native American or Somali.ResultsThere were many significant differences by race/ethnicity for child dietary intake and for the home food environment, with specific patterns emerging by race/ethnicity. For example, Somali children had high Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores, but low daily intakes of fruits and vegetables. Black children had low HEI-2010 scores and a pattern of low intake of healthful foods and high intake of unhealthful foods. White and Latino families had high levels of both healthful and unhealthful home food availability and children with high HEI-2010 scores.ConclusionsResults indicate that the home food environment of young children varies across racial/ethnic group. Study findings also provide new information regarding the home food environment of young children in previously understudied racial/ethnic groups and indicate that interventions working to improve the home food environment and dietary intake of children may want to consider race/ethnicity.
Informed choice or guessing game? Understanding caregivers’ perceptions and use of infant formula labelling
Authors: Malek Lenka , Fowler Hazel , Duffy Gillian , Katzer Lisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough breast-feeding is the recommended way to feed an infant, a safe and nutritious substitute for breast milk is needed for infants who are not breast-fed. Labelling information on infant formula (IF) products aims to enable caregivers (who have already made the decision to use IF) to make informed product choices. Yet, there is limited data on how caregivers understand and use the information provided on IF packaging. The present study aimed to increase understanding of caregivers’ interpretation and use of the following label elements on IF products: the nutrition information statement; the ingredients list; and statements around nutrition content and health claims.DesignQualitative data were obtained from twenty-one focus group discussions. To enable comparison of findings by education level and ethnicity, focus group participants were homogeneous with respect to educational attainment (Australian groups) or ethnic background (New Zealand groups).SettingFocus groups were conducted in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia and New Zealand.ParticipantsCaregivers (n 136) of formula-fed infants.ResultsFramework analysis revealed that caregivers commonly experience difficulties when using labelling information, particularly when trying to identify and understand key differences between products. Moreover, comparing products can be a complex task regardless of education level and ethnicity.ConclusionsFurther research is required to determine the most effective strategies for meeting information needs of caregivers and allowing easier identification and understanding of product differences. This is especially important given that the vast range of IF products across large price ranges in the market adds to the complexity of purchase decisions.
Study of magnetic field topology of active region 12192 using an extrapolated non-force-free magnetic field
Authors: Prasad A. , Bhattacharyya R. , Hu Q. , Nayak S. S. , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe solar active region (AR) 12192 was one of the most flare productive region of solar cycle 24, which produced many X-class flares; the most energetic being an X3.1 flare on October 24, 2014 at 21:10 UT. Customarily, such events are believed to be triggered by magnetic reconnection in coronal magnetic fields. Here we use the vector magnetograms from solar photosphere, obtained from Heliospheric Magnetic Imager (HMI) to investigate the magnetic field topology prior to the X3.1 event, and ascertain the conditions that might have caused the flare. To infer the coronal magnetic field, a novel non-force-free field (NFFF) extrapolation technique of the photospheric field is used, which suitably mimics the Lorentz forces present in the photospheric plasma. We also highlight the presence of magnetic null points and quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) in the magnetic field topology, which are preferred sites for magnetic reconnections and discuss the probable reconnection scenarios.
Rogue Active Regions and the Inherent Unpredictability of the Solar Dynamo
Authors: Petrovay Kristóf , Nagy Melinda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNew developments in surface flux transport modeling and theory of flux transport dynamos have given rise to the notion that certain large active regions with anomalous properties (location, tilt angle and/or Hale/non-Hale character) may have a major impact on the course of solar activity in subsequent years, impacting also on the amplitude of the following solar cycles. Here we discuss our current understanding of the role of such “rogue” active regions in cycle-to-cycle variations of solar activity.
Studying solar-cycle variation of open magnetic flux regions using coronal holes
Authors: Lin Chia-Hsien , Huang Guan-Han , Lee Lou-Chuang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe process of the magnetic polarity reversal of the Sun has been an important subject in the solar physics. The objective of this study is to investigate how solar global magnetic field change over solar cycle by tracking the migration of open magnetic flux regions. The results show that the open magnetic fluxes migrate from one pole to the other crossing the equator during a solar cycle. The migration rate is approximately 10 m s−1, comparable to meridional flow. The results have been published in Scientific Reports (Huang et al. (2017)).
The coronal green line monitoring: a traditional but powerful tool for coronal physics
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Xuefei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe particular environment with high temperature and low plasma density in the corona results to the formation of some forbidden emission lines, in which the well-known green line at 530.3 nm has been utilized to diagnose the corona for a few decades. For the green line, besides its contribution on revealing the long-term coronal cycles as well as their relationship to the other solar phenomena, it is also helpful to detect limb coronal waves and ejections originated from the lower corona which seems not to be paid close attention to. Suggestions are presented that we not only need to keep the green line observation as a routine task for current coronagraph observations, but need to develop larger coronagraphs with advanced technology.
A Magnetofrictional model for the solar corona
Authors: Dash Soumyaranjan , Nandy Dibyendu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRegular reconstruction of global solar corona constrained by observational data is required to monitor the space weather variations. We develop a model for simulating the global coronal magnetic field using magnetofrictional approach. Here we perform simulations to study the evolution of the magnetic field associated with a bipolar active region in response to photospheric flows.
The new Sunspot Number: continuing upgrades and possible impacts
Authors: Clette Frédéric , Lefèvre Laure 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe first-ever revision of the sunspot number was released in 2015 by the World Data Center (WDC) SILSO. We describe the main diagnosed corrections to the sunspot and group number series, and also review newly published alternate reconstructions. We show the convergence of the determinations of the 1947 scale jump in the sunspot number around a value of 1.18 for cycle maxima. We also assess new proposed reconstructions of the group number, like the “backbone” and “active-day fraction” methods. No agreement was reached yet for this series.We highlight the main impacts of those recent upgrades on different scientific applications. As this first revision also marks a transition towards a dynamical series open to future improvements, we finally introduce the ongoing collaborative process for preparing the next upgrade (Version 3). From now on, our scientific users must be prepared for a flexible integration of an evolving sunspot number series.
Propagation of MRT Unstable Plasma Spikes in the Inter-planetary Space
Authors: Mishra Sudheer K. , Singh Talwinder , Kayshap P. , Srivastava A. K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have used the Coronagraphic and Heliospheric Imaging data from Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) to observe a prominence which is erupted on June 7th 2011. This prominence is subjected to the morphological evolution of MRT instability from the lower solar corona upto the inter-planetary space. The unstable structures are converted into the bunch of localized plasma spikes due to the turbulent mixing, and propagate in the inter-planetary space upto 1 A.U.
Transition of Interhemispheric Asymmetry of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly During Solstices
Authors: Huang He , Lu Xian , Liu Libo , Wang Wenbin , Li Qiaoling 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe magnitudes of the two crests of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) vary with local time. During the solstices, EIA crest in the winter hemisphere is larger than that in the summer hemisphere before noon/early afternoon. Whereafter, the crest in the summer hemisphere becomes intensified, and the stronger EIA crest transits to the summer hemisphere. Using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate ionospheric radio occultation data, we examine the longitudinal and altitudinal variations of this interhemispheric transition in four longitudinal sectors and at seven heights under low/high solar activity conditions. The results show that during the June solstice the transition of the stronger EIA peak from the winter to the summer hemisphere is earlier in the sectors where the geomagnetic equator is further away from the subsolar point and the geomagnetic field declination is larger, while during the December solstice the longitudinal variations generally show the opposite compared with that in the June solstice. The distance between the geomagnetic equator and subsolar point and the geomagnetic field configuration control the upward/downward plasma movements in the summer/winter hemisphere, leading to the different transition times in different longitudinal sectors. For both solstices, transition times emerge earlier as height increases, which is mainly caused by the larger effective scale height in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere, resulting in a smaller electron density difference at higher altitudes with a fast transition. Solar activity alters the transition time below 320 km, whereas it has no evident effect at higher altitudes.
Thermochemical oxidation of methane induced by high-valence metal oxides in a sedimentary basin
Authors: Hu Wen-Xuan , Kang Xun , Cao Jian , Wang Xiao-Lin , Fu Bin , Wu Hai-Guang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThermochemical oxidation of methane (TOM) by high-valence metal oxides in geological systems and its potential role as a methane sink remain poorly understood. Here we present evidence of TOM induced by high-valence metal oxides in the Junggar Basin, located in northwestern China. During diagenesis, methane from deeper source strata is abiotically oxidized by high-valence Mn(Fe) oxides at 90 to 135 °C, releasing 13C-depleted CO2, soluble Mn2+ and Fe2+. Mn generally plays the dominant role compared to Fe, due to its lower Gibbs free energy increment during oxidation. Both CO2 and metal ions are then incorporated into authigenic calcites, which are characterized by extremely negative δ13C values (−70 to −22.5‰) and high Mn content (average MnO = 5 wt.%). We estimate that as much as 1224 Tg of methane could be oxidized in the study area. TOM is unfavorable for gas accumulation but may act as a major methane sink in the deep crustal carbon cycle.
Hemocyanin facilitates lignocellulose digestion by wood-boring marine crustaceans
Authors: Besser Katrin , Malyon Graham P. , Eborall William S. , Paro da Cunha Giovanni , Filgueiras Jefferson G. , Dowle Adam , Cruz Garcia Lourdes , Page Samuel J. , Dupree Ray , Kern Marcelo , Gomez Leonardo D. , Li Yi , Elias Luisa , Sabbadin Federico , Mohamad Shaza E. , Pesante Giovanna , Steele-King Clare , Ribeiro de Azevedo Eduardo , Polikarpov Igor , Dupree Paul , Cragg Simon M. , Bruce Neil C. , McQueen-Mason Simon J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWoody (lignocellulosic) plant biomass is an abundant renewable feedstock, rich in polysaccharides that are bound into an insoluble fiber composite with lignin. Marine crustacean woodborers of the genus Limnoria are among the few animals that can survive on a diet of this recalcitrant material without relying on gut resident microbiota. Analysis of fecal pellets revealed that Limnoria targets hexose-containing polysaccharides (mainly cellulose, and also glucomannans), corresponding with the abundance of cellulases in their digestive system, but xylans and lignin are largely unconsumed. We show that the limnoriid respiratory protein, hemocyanin, is abundant in the hindgut where wood is digested, that incubation of wood with hemocyanin markedly enhances its digestibility by cellulases, and that it modifies lignin. We propose that this activity of hemocyanins is instrumental to the ability of Limnoria to feed on wood in the absence of gut symbionts. These findings may hold potential for innovations in lignocellulose biorefining.
Chk1 KA1 domain auto-phosphorylation stimulates biological activity and is linked to rapid proteasomal degradation
Authors: Gong Eun-Yeung , Hernández Beatriz , Nielsen Jessica Hernández , Smits Veronique A. J. , Freire Raimundo , Gillespie David A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe DNA damage-activated protein kinase Chk1 is known to undergo auto-phosphorylation, however the sites and functional significance of this modification remain poorly understood. We have identified two novel Chk1 auto-phosphorylation sites, threonines 378 and 382 (T378/382), located in a highly conserved motif within the C-terminal Kinase Associated 1 (KA1) domain. T378/382 occur within optimal consensus Chk1 phosphorylation motifs and substitution with phospho-mimetic aspartic acid residues results in a constitutively active mutant Chk1 kinase (Chk1-DD) that arrests cell cycle progression in G2 phase of the cell cycle in the absence of DNA damage. Remarkably, the mutant Chk1-DD protein is also subject to very rapid proteasomal degradation, with a half-life approximately one tenth that of wild-type Chk1. Consistent with this, T378/T382 auto-phosphorylation also accelerates the proteasomal degradation of constitutively active Chk1 KA1 domain structural mutants. T378/382 auto-phosphorylation and accelerated degradation of wild-type Chk1 occurs at low levels during unperturbed growth, but surprisingly, is not augmented in response to genotoxic stress. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that Chk1 T378/T382 auto-phosphorylation within the KA1 domain is linked to kinase activation and rapid proteasomal degradation, and suggest a non-canonical mechanism of regulation.
Exposure of environmental Bisphenol A in relation to routine sperm parameters and sperm movement characteristics among fertile men
Authors: Ji Honglei , Miao Maohua , Liang Hong , Shi Huijuan , Ruan Dasheng , Li Yongbo , Wang Jian , Yuan Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough several human studies have examined bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in relation to routine sperm parameters, evidence of BPA’s effects on sperm movement characteristics is limited. We examined associations of BPA exposure with sperm parameters including sperm movement characteristics among fertile men. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Sandu County, Guizhou Province, China. Subjects provided semen samples analyzed by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system and urine samples for BPA assay. They were invited to complete an in-person interview with a structured questionnaire to obtain demographics, lifestyle factors, etc. In final analyses, 500 subjects were included. We used multivariate linear regression analyses to estimate associations between BPA and sperm parameters after adjusting for potential confounders. BPA was detected in 73.6% of urine samples, with a geometric mean of 0.44 μg/gCreatinine. Compared with subjects of undetected BPA, subjects with detected BPA had increased Linearity (LIN, β: 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 4.0), Straightness (STR, β: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.19, 2.75), Wobble (WOB, β: 1.75, 95% CI: 0.26, 3.25), reduced Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, β: −0.26, 95% CI: −0.5, −0.02) and Mean angular displacement (MAD, β: −2.17, 95% CI: −4.22, −0.11). Subjects in the highest tertile of creatinine-adjusted BPA group had lower sperm concentration than those with undetected BPA. Dose-response relationships of BPA with LIN, WOB, ALH, MAD and sperm concentration were demonstrated by statistically significant trends across tertiles of creatinine-adjusted BPA concentrations. Similar results were obtained using unadjusted BPA concentrations. Exposure to environmental BPA would decrease sperm concentration and sperm swing characteristics (ALH and MAD), and increase sperm velocity ratios (LIN, STR and WOB), which might mediate further effects on impaired male fecundity.
Hypercapnia impaired cognitive and memory functions in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Kung Shu-Chin , Shen Yu-Chih , Chang En-Ting , Hong Ya-Ling , Wang Ling-Yi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep disorder involving repeated nocturnal desaturation and sleep fragmentation. OSA can result in decreased daytime alertness and neurocognitive dysfunction. Hypercapnia status is also related to neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with pulmonary diseases. We evaluated the effects of hypercapnia on cognitive performance and memory function in a prospective case-controlled study. We enrolled thirty-nine obese patients with OSA and collected their arterial blood samples. All the participants provided arterial blood samples, and completed two questionnaires (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and six cognitive tasks (the psychomotor vigilance task [PVT], the Stroop task, the Eriksen flanker task, processing speed [DSST], and verbal and visual memory [LM&FM]), which were used to evaluate daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, and memory function within one week of a polysomnographic study. When compared to the OSA without diurnal hypoventilation, the patients with stable hypercapnia (OHS) had increased reaction times in the PVT, Stroop task, and flanker task. Hypercapnic obese patients with OSA also had comparatively significantly lower scores in the processing speed and logical memory tests. OHS had increased reaction times in the attention and cognitive function assessments, and deficits in the logical memory, when compared to those with OSA without diurnal hypoventilation.
Insights into Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks Using In Situ NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yuan Ning , Church Tamara L. , Brandt Erik G. , Hedin Niklas , Zou Xiaodong , Bernin Diana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPostsynthetic reactions of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile tools for producing functional materials, but the methods of evaluating these reactions are cumbersome and destructive. Here we demonstrate and validate the use of in situ NMR spectroscopy of species in the liquid state to examine solvent-assisted ligand exchange (SALE) and postsynthetic modification (PSM) reactions of metal-organic frameworks. This technique allows functionalization to be monitored over time without decomposing the product for analysis, which simplifies reaction screening. In the case of SALE, both the added ligand and the ligand leaving the framework can be observed. We demonstrate this in situ method by examining SALE and PSM reactions of the robust zirconium MOF UiO-67 as well as SALE with the aluminum MOF DUT-5. In situ NMR spectroscopy provided insights into the reactions studied, and we expect that future studies using this method will permit the examination of a variety of MOF–solute reactions.
Rapid characterization of secreted recombinant proteins by native mass spectrometry
Authors: Ben-Nissan Gili , Vimer Shay , Warszawski Shira , Katz Aliza , Yona Meital , Unger Tamar , Peleg Yoav , Morgenstern David , Cohen-Dvashi Hadas , Diskin Ron , Fleishman Sarel J. , Sharon Michal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCharacterization of overexpressed proteins is essential for assessing their quality, and providing input for iterative redesign and optimization. This process is typically carried out following purification procedures that require pronounced cost of time and labor. Therefore, quality assessment of recombinant proteins with no prior purification offers a major advantage. Here, we report a native mass spectrometry method that enables characterization of overproduced proteins directly from culture media. Properties such as solubility, molecular weight, folding, assembly state, overall structure, post-translational modifications and binding to relevant biomolecules are immediately revealed. We show the applicability of the method for in-depth characterization of secreted recombinant proteins from eukaryotic systems such as yeast, insect, and human cells. This method, which can be readily extended to high-throughput analysis, considerably shortens the time gap between protein production and characterization, and is particularly suitable for characterizing engineered and mutated proteins, and optimizing yield and quality of overexpressed proteins.