bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array
Authors: Smith David R. , Lorne J. Brousseau , Mandt Mary T. , Millard Michael J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To study horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawning behavior and migration over a large-spatial extent (>100 km), we arrayed fixed station radio receivers throughout Delaware Bay and deployed radio transmitters and archival tags on adult horseshoe crabs prior to their spawning season. We tagged and released 160 females and 60 males in 2004 and 217 females in 2005. The array covered approximately 140 km of shoreline. Recapture rates were >70% with multi-year recaptures. We categorized adult age by carapace wear. Older females tended to spawn earlier in the season and more frequently than young females, but those tendencies were more apparent in 2004 when spawning overall occurred earlier than in 2005 when spawning was delayed possibly due to decreased water temperatures. Timing of initial spawning within a year was correlated with water temperature. After adjusting for day of first spring tide, the day of first spawning was 4 days earlier for every 1 degree (̊C) rise in mean daily water temperature in May. Seventy nine % of spawning occurred during nighttime high tides. Fifty five % of spawning occurred within 3 d of a spring tide, which was slightly higher than the 47% expected if spawning was uniformly distributed regardless of tidal cycle. Within the same spawning season, males and females were observed spawning or intertidally resting at more than one beach separated by >5 km. Between years, most (77%) did not return to spawn at the same beach. Probability of stranding was strongly age dependent for males and females with older adults experiencing higher stranding rates. Horseshoe crabs staging in the shallow waters east of the channel spawned exclusively along the eastern (NJ) shoreline, but those staging west of the channel spawned throughout the bay. Overall, several insights emerged from the use of radio telemetry, which advances our understanding of horseshoe crab ecology and will be useful in conserving the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab population and habitats.
Reproductive behavior in horseshoe crabs: Does density matter?
Authors: Mattei Jennifer H. , Beekey Mark A. , Rudman Adam , Woronik Alyssa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While the four species of horseshoe crabs share many common reproductive traits with respect to their reproductive systems, they do differ with respect to their mating behavior (monogamy vs. polygynandry). Past research has attributed these differences to a number of factors including: spawning densities, operational sex ratios (OSR's), male condition (or age), environmental and/or genetic factors, or a combination thereof. Mating behaviors in the three Asian horseshoe crab species (Tachypleus gigas, T. tridentatus, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) with low spawning densities and 1:1 operational sex ratios are typically monogamous. In Limulus polyphemus, mating behavior is more variable ranging from monogamy to polygynandry. Here we provide evidence, through a long term behavioral study, that variation in mating behavior is influenced by population density in L. polyphemus. Our study population on two beaches in Connecticut (Long Island Sound) have a spawning density 400 times less than that found in Delaware Bay (0.002 females/m2 vs. 0.8 females/m2) but similar operational sex ratios. Between 90%-95% of all spawning females in CT were paired with only one male, thus exhibiting monogamous behavior. In contrast, between 30 and 60% of spawning females in Delaware Bay have more than one mate and produce clutches of eggs with multiple paternities. Male condition played no role in mating behavior in CT populations. We also observed that on average 18% of the females on the spawning beaches are single. These results suggest that population density is an important condition that determines mating behavior. Also, low population density may lead to decreased mate finding ability and lost opportunities for spawning.
Application of heat shock protein expression for detecting natural adaptation and exposure to stress in natural populations
Authors: Sørensen Jesper Givskov 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) play an undisputed role for maintaining cellular functioning under environmental challenges and protein denaturing conditions. Compelling evidence points to an evolutionary important role of HSPs and a strict evolutionary control of these proteins as a balance between benefits and costs. While there is a great potential for using HSP expression for detecting natural adaptation and exposure to stress in natural populations, some obstacles and key issues await investigation. From an ecological perspective these key issues needs to be resolved in order to fully appreciate the complex responses and adaptations to stress and to increase our understanding of HSPs and other molecular chaperones for stress adaptation and potential use as biomarkers. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of HSPs is reviewed and a number of key issues including the interpretation of elevated HSP levels, the complications of extrapolating between laboratory and field conditions, the effects of choice of traits and methodology and the larger intra-and extracellular networks of interactions that HSPs participate in are discussed.
Primary neuroendocrine tumour of the left ventricle
Authors: Rogers Michael P , Thomas Sarah , Nallamshetty Leelakrishna , Hooker Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours are rare neoplasms typically arising in the gastrointestinal tract that may result in carcinoid syndrome and/or acquired valvular dysfunction. Herein, we present a unique case of a 68-year-old asymptomatic woman with a primary left ventricular neuroendocrine tumour.
Incidence, aetiology and outcomes of major postoperative haemorrhage after pulmonary lobectomy
Authors: Udelsman Brooks V , Soni Monica , Madariaga Maria Lucia , Fintelmann Florian J , Best Till D , Li Selena Shi-Yao , Chang David C , Gaissert Henning A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESPost-lobectomy bleeding is uncommon and rarely studied. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of post-lobectomy haemorrhage and compare the outcomes of reoperation and non-operative management.METHODSWe conducted a single-institution review of lobectomy cases from 2009 to 2018. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment for postoperative bleeding: reoperation or transfusion of packed red blood cells with observation. Transfusion correcting intraoperative blood loss was excluded. One or more criteria defined postoperative bleeding: (i) drop in haematocrit ≥10 or (ii) frank, sustained chest tube bleeding with or without associated hypotension. Covariates included demographics, comorbidities and operative characteristics. Outcomes were operative mortality, complications, length of hospital stay and readmission within 30 days.RESULTSFollowing 1960 lobectomies (92% malignant disease, 8% non-malignant), haemorrhage occurred in 42 cases (2.1%), leading to reoperation in 27 (1.4%), and non-operative management in 15 (0.8%). The median time to reoperation was 17 h. No source of bleeding was identified in 44% of re-explorations. Patients with postoperative haemorrhage were more often male (64.3% vs 41.2%; P < 0.01) and more likely to have preoperative anaemia (45.2% vs 26.5%; P = 0.01), prior median sternotomy (14.3% vs 6.0%; P = 0.04), an infectious indication (7.1% vs 1.8%; P = 0.01) and operative adhesiolysis (45.2% vs 25.8%; P = 0.01). Compared with non-operative management, reoperation was associated with fewer units of packed red blood cells transfusion (0.4 vs 1.9; P < 0.001), while complication rates were similar and 30-day mortality was absent in either group.CONCLUSIONSHaemorrhage after lobectomy is associated with multiple risk factors. Reoperation may avoid transfusion. A prospective study should optimize timing and selection of operative and non-operative management.
If smallholder farmers have access to the world market: the case of tobacco marketing in Malawi
Authors: Zant Wouter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We measure the impact of a reduction in transaction costs on crop area and production of smallholder tobacco growers in Malawi. For identification, we exploit the introduction of an additional tobacco auction floor. Estimations are based on annual data by extension planning area. A 10 per cent reduction in distance to auction floor is shown to increase crop area and production around 4 and 10 per cent, respectively. Supply response weakens beyond a distance to auction floor of 60 km and runs along the intensive margin: existing tobacco growers improve productivity of cultivation. Impacts are robust for non-random placement of auction floors and several other threats. The results point to potentially large welfare benefits for smallholders if marketing infrastructure is improved and if more auction floors are introduced.
Does country-level gender equality explain individual risk of intimate partner violence against women? A multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) in the European Union
Authors: Ivert Anna-Karin , Gracia Enrique , Lila Marisol , Wemrell Maria , Merlo Juan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Gender equality is widely accepted as an important explanatory factor for the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. However, the relationship is not straightforward, as high country-level gender equality is not always associated with lower IPV prevalence. We apply ‘multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy’ (MAIHDA) to (i) quantify the extent to which the country of residence determines individual risk of IPV and (ii) investigate the association between country-level gender equality and individual experience of IPV, and to which extent this association explains the observed between-country differences.

Methods
Using data from the 2012 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey on violence against women we applied MAIHDA to analyse experiences of physical and sexual IPV among 42 000 women living in the EU. We fitted three consecutive models, and calculated specific individual contextual effects (measures of association) as well as the general contextual effects (measures of variance) and the discriminatory accuracy (DA).

Results
Our findings show that the relationship between experiences of IPV and country-level gender equality is weak and heterogeneous. The general contextual effect is small and the DA is low, indicating that country boundaries are rather irrelevant for understanding the individual risk of IPV.

Conclusions
Findings from the present study do not imply that that gender equality is unimportant in relation to IPV, but rather that information on country of residence or country-level gender equality does not discriminate very well with regards to individual experiences of IPV in cross-national comparisons.
Multicentre descriptive cross-sectional study of Japanese home visit patients: reasons for encounter, health problems and multimorbidity
Authors: Kaneko Makoto , Van Boven Kees , Takayanagi Hiroshi , Kusaba Tesshu , Yamada Takashi , Matsushima Masato 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGP in Japan are encouraged to conduct home visits for older adults. However, most previous studies on home visits were based on secondary analyses of billing data that did not include reasons for the encounter.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe home visit care by GP in Japan, including reasons for encounter, health problems, episodes of care, comprehensiveness and multimorbidity.MethodsThis multicentre descriptive cross-sectional study used the International Classification of Primary Care, second edition, and was conducted in Japan from 1 October 2016 to 31 March 2017. Participants were patients who received home visits from 10 enrolled GPs working in urban and rural areas across Japan. The main outcome measures were reasons for encounter, health problems and multimorbidity.ResultsOf 253 potential patient participants, 250 were included in this analysis; 92.4% were aged 65 years and older. We registered 1,278 regular home visits and 110 emergency home visits. The top three reasons for encounters home visits were associated with cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders: prescriptions for cardiovascular diseases (n = 796), medical examination/health evaluation for cardiovascular diseases (n = 758) and prescriptions for gastrointestinal problems (n = 554). About 50% of patients had multimorbidity. Cardiovascular, endocrine and neuropsychological diseases were the most frequent problems in patients with multimorbidity.ConclusionsThe main reasons for encounter were prescriptions for chronic conditions. Emergency visits accounted for 8% of all visits. Around half of the patients had multimorbidity. This information may help GPs and policy makers to better assess home visit patients' needs.
Photosynthetic capacity of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Cladocopium sp. is preserved during digestion of its jellyfish host Mastigias papua by the anemone Entacmaea medusivora
Authors: Vega de Luna Félix , Dang Kieu-Van , Cardol Mila , Roberty Stéphane , Cardol Pierre 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The sea anemone Entacmaea medusivora (Actiniaria, Anthozoa) commonly feeds on the golden jellyfish Mastigias papua (Rhizostomeae, Scyphozoa) which harbours an endosymbiotic dinoflagellate of the genus Cladocopium (Symbiodiniaceae). In this study, we monitored the photosynthetic activity of the endosymbiotic microalgae while their host jellyfish were ingested and digested by starved medusivorous anemones. By analyzing the photosynthetic yield of photosystem II, we observed that Cladocopium cells remain photosynthetically competent during the whole digestion process, thus confirming the exceptional resistance of Symbiodiniaceae to digestive enzymes. In the gastric cavity of E. medusivora, Cladocopium cells release oxygen, which could broadly stimulate the gastric microbiotic flora of the sea anemone. Ultimately, E. medusivora is not able to retain Cladocopium cells more than few days and physiologically-unaltered cells are therefore expelled in faecal pellets. The potential contribution of E. medusivora to maintain a reservoir of Cladocopium symbionts and its role in the life cycle of M. papua is discussed.
Preceding crop and tillage system affect winter survival of wheat and the fungal communities on young wheat roots and in soil
Authors: Friberg Hanna , Persson Paula , Jensen Dan Funck , Bergkvist Göran 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Agricultural practices like tillage and cropping sequence have profound influence on soil-living and plant-associated fungi, and thereby on plant growth. In a field experiment, we studied the effects of preceding crop and tillage on fungal communities in the soil and on young winter wheat roots in relation to plant winter survival and grain yield. We hypothesized that plant performance and fungal communities (described by amplicon sequencing) differ depending on tillage system and preceding crop; that the effect of preceding crop differs depending on tillage system, and that differences in fungal communities are reflected in plant performance. In line with our hypotheses, effects of preceding crop on plant growth and fungal communities on plant roots and in soil were more pronounced under non-inversion tillage than under inversion tillage (ploughing). Fungal communities on plant roots in treatments with low winter survival were different from those with better survival. In soil, several fungal OTUs (operational taxonomic units) differed significantly between tillage systems. OTUs representing putative plant pathogens were either more abundant (Parastagonospora sp._27) or less abundant (Fusarium culmorum/graminearum_5) after non-inversion tillage. Our findings highlight the influence of cultural practices on fungal communities and thereby on plant health and yield.
Heterologous expression of ctsR from Oenococcus oeni enhances the acid-ethanol resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Yuan Lin , Hu Kai , Liu Longxiang , Peng Shuai , Li Hua , Wang Hua 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Oenococcus oeni is a lactic acid bacterium that is widely used in wine-making to conduct malolactic fermentation (MLF). During MLF, O. oeni undergoes acid and ethanol stress that impairs its growth. In order to investigate the role that the ctsR gene plays in acid-ethanol stress, the ctsR gene from O. oeni was expressed heterologously in Lactobacillus plantarum. The transcription level of the ctsR gene and 10 additional stress response genes in L. plantarum were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Physiological assays to assess reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell membrane integrity, intracellular ATP and GSH levels, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities were also performed. Results showed that the recombinant strain WCFS1-CtsR exhibited stronger growth performance than the control strain WCFS1-Vector, and the expression of ctsR, clp and hsp genes were significantly increased under acid-ethanol stress. Furthermore, WCFS1-CtsR displayed 1.08- and 1.39-fold higher ATP and GSH concentrations, respectively, compared with the corresponding values for WCFS1-Vector under acid-ethanol stress. ROS accumulation and PI value of WCFS1-CtsR were decreased by 46.52 and 42.80%, respectively, compared with the control strain. In addition, the two ATPase activities in WCFS1-CtsR increased significantly compared with WCFS1-Vector. This is the first report demonstrating that ctsR gene enhances the acid-ethanol tolerance of L. plantarum.
Is Bullying Victimization in Childhood Associated With Mental Health in Old Age
Authors: Hu Bo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study investigates the relationship between bullying victimization in childhood and mental health in old age.

Methods
The study uses data from a nationally representative sample of 9,208 older people aged 60 and older collected through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2014 and 2015.

Results
Older people who were bullied in childhood have more severe depressive symptoms and are more likely to be dissatisfied with life than those without the experience of bullying victimization. The negative impacts remain significant after childhood confounders (15 types of familial adversities), four groups of contemporary confounders (demographic, health, social support, and socioeconomic factors), and community-level unobserved heterogeneity are all controlled for. The negative impacts of bullying victimization on mental health are attenuated among people in very old age, which confirms the socioemotional selectivity theory.

Discussion
The consequences of bullying victimization for mental health are comparable to, or even greater than those of familial adversities and contemporary risk factors. The factors threatening mental health vary considerably for older people in different age groups. Effective anti-bullying schemes in childhood and personalized support in later life can make a substantial contribution to healthy aging.
Effectiveness of Interventions for Preventing People With Dementia Exiting or Getting Lost
Authors: Emrich-Mills Luke , Puthusseryppady Vaisakh , Hornberger Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
People with dementia are at risk of exiting premises unsupervised, eloping, or getting lost, potentially leading to harmful or distressing consequences. This review aimed to estimate the effectiveness of interventions for preventing people with dementia from exiting or getting lost.

Research Design and Methods
A systematic review of English sources was undertaken. Health care (EMBASE, BNI, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, HTA, CENTRAL) and gray literature (OpenGrey) databases were searched using prespecified search terms. Additional studies were identified by hand-searching bibliographies of relevant reviews and included studies. Wide inclusion criteria were set to capture a range of intervention types. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed independently by two reviewers. Methods were preregistered on PROSPERO.

Results
Individual and overall risk of bias was too high for statistical meta-analyses. A narrative synthesis was therefore performed. Twenty-five studies with 814 participants were included, investigating a range of nonpharmacological interventions aiming to prevent exiting, facilitate retrieval, educate participants, or a combination of these. Seventeen (68%) of the included studies had critical risks of internal bias to outcomes, providing no useful evidence for the effectiveness of their respective interventions. The remaining 8 (32%) studies had serious risks of bias. Narrative synthesis of results yielded no overall robust evidence for the effectiveness of any interventions.

Discussion and Implications
No evidence was found to justify the recommendation of any interventions included in this review. Future studies should focus on high-quality, controlled study designs.
Determinants of Self-rated Cognitive Health among Older Korean Americans
Authors: Jang Yuri , Choi Eun Young , Rhee Min-Kyoung , Park Nan Sook , Chiriboga David A , Kim Miyong T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In response to the dearth of information on cognitive health in older ethnic minorities, in the present study, we examined factors associated with self-rated cognitive health (SRCH) in older Korean Americans. Drawing from the World Health Organization’s framework of social determinants of health, we examined how a broad spectrum of factors might influence the way in which older Korean Americans perceive and evaluate their own cognitive health.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (SOKA; N = 2,061, mean age = 73.2), a series of hierarchical linear regression models of SRCH was tested with sequential entry of predictors: (1) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of cognitive status, (2) demographic variables, (3) physical and mental health status, (4) health behaviors, and (5) socio-cultural and community factors.

Results
In addition to cognitive screening outcomes, each set of variables made a significant contribution to the predictive model of SRCH. Positive ratings of cognitive health were observed among older individuals with greater education, good physical and mental health, involvement in regular exercise, and socio-cultural resources (social networks, acculturation, and family solidarity).

Discussion and Implications
The SRCH of older adults goes beyond cognitive screening outcomes, suggesting a need to incorporate the various sources of social determinants when seeking to promote the cognitive health of older populations.