bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plurilinguisme au musée : les langues au coeur du développement plurilittératié et des apprentissages en sciences
Authors: Moore Danièle 
Published: March 2018

Une étude menée en collaboration avec des institutions muséales comme sites éducatifs dans un milieu hautement plurilingue et multiculturel sert de toile de réflexion pour mieux comprendre comment de jeunes locuteurs plurilingues font sens de leurs langues et des pratiques d’écrit et mobilisent, en situation, des ressources plurilingues pour comprendre et apprendre. Nous présentons quelques réflexions à partir d’exemples tirés d’une étude pilote menée avec de jeunes enfants de 5 ans ayant participé à des ateliers de science organisés au musée. Au cours de ces ateliers, il leur a été demandé de documenter et d’illustrer leurs apprentissages au sujet des animaux et de leurs traces, au moyen du dessin et de la photo (Molinié, 2009 et 2014) et de la création collaborative d’un livre digital à l’aide d’une tablette tactile (Sandvik, Smørdal et Østerud, 2009). La contribution est l’occasion de poser quelques questions sur le rôle du français dans le développement littératié au sein d’un environnement essentiellement anglophone où les langues chinoises sont largement dominantes par rapport à l’autre langue officielle du Canada.
L’usage des technologies numériques pour le développement de compétences multimodales en littératie au 21e siècle
Authors: Pellerin Martine 
Published: March 2018

L’omniprésence du numérique dans toutes les sphères de nos activités quotidiennes suscite de nouveaux enjeux éducatifs qui exigent une réflexion critique sur l’émergence de nouvelles compétences en littératie adaptées aux besoins des citoyens qui travaillent dans cette ère numérique (Romero, Lille et Patiño, 2017). À la lumière de ces nouveaux défis éducationnels, cet article présente une étude sur l’apport de l’usage des technologies numériques dans le développement de compétences multimodales en littératie au 21e siècle. Plus précisément, il traite d’une étude réalisée en salles de classe primaire et secondaire en contexte d’immersion française dans l’une des provinces anglophones du Canada et portant sur l’apport de l’usage des technologies numériques (par exemple, les iPod et les tablettes) dans le développement de compétences multimodales en littératie. L’analyse de données numériques, comme des vidéos et des artefacts multimodaux créés à l’aide d’applis (apps) par les élèves, dévoile l’apport des possibilités (affordances, terme anglais) offertes par les nouveaux outils numériques dans le développement de compétences multimodales en littératie. Les résultats indiquent particulièrement la contribution des possibilités offertes par ces outils dans la création de nouveaux modes d’expression, de représentation de la pensée, d’action et d’engagement qui, à leur tour, favorisent le développement de compétences multimodales nécessaires au 21e siècle. Ces résultats sont discutés à la lumière des théories d’apprentissage documentées par la recherche dans le domaine des neurosciences cognitives et par des études antérieures sur le concept de multimodalités.
Réussite en littératie et capital culturel
Authors: de Varennes Hélène 
Published: March 2018

Tous les parents veulent que leur enfant réussisse à l’école, et cette réussite inclut l’acquisition d’habiletés solides en littératie. Quel contexte familial favorise le succès en littératie ? Existe-t-il un lien entre les différents milieux sociétaux et le succès en littératie ? C’est sous l’angle de la reproduction sociale et du capital culturel que ces questions sont abordées dans l’article. En d’autres mots, au lieu d’examiner les rapports de groupes entre les francophones en milieu minoritaire et le groupe anglodominant, on s’intéresse aux rapports de groupes à l’intérieur de la francophonie en milieu minoritaire. L’environnement anglodominant exerce une influence incontestable sur la minorité francophone. Cela dit, plusieurs élèves en milieu minoritaire francophone réussissent à développer des habiletés solides en littératie. En encadrant les principes de la pédagogie en milieu minoritaire par la théorie de reproduction sociale, il est possible d’expliquer, en partie du moins, comment le fait de développer des habiletés en littératie exige aussi l’apprentissage d’un environnement social pour certains enfants, et ce, dès la période de la petite enfance.
Voltage‐To‐Frequency Converters
Authors: Vidal‐Verdú Fernando , Navas‐González Rafael , Delgado‐Restituto Manuel , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Ángel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVoltage‐to‐frequency converters (VFCs) do typically use relaxation oscillators to generate an output signal whose frequency depends linearly on an input voltage. VFCs are data converters, that is, they are designed to codify the input voltage by means of the output frequency. Hence, they have strong requirements regarding linearity, dynamic range, and stability. On the other hand, compared with other converters, they have the advantage of low cost, particularly for large resolutions; 13‐bit resolution is typical, and more than 20 bits are feasible. However, in such a case several milliseconds may be necessary to complete the conversion – the smaller the resolution, the shorter the conversion time.The serial frequency‐modulated output provided byVFCsis particularly well suited for telemetry, to send the outcome of a measurement by wire, radio, or fiber optic links. After the frequency‐modulated signal is received, it can be easily codified into a digital word, or converted back into a voltage by a frequency‐to‐voltage converter. This type of output simplifies galvanic isolation through the use of either an optocoupler or a magnetic coupler.This article deals first with the concepts behind voltage‐to‐frequency conversion, and then describes the main types ofVFCson the market, their limitations, and main applications. Frequency‐to‐voltage converters are also briefly described in this article.
Circulating long noncoding RNA act as potential novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xie Yujiao , Zhang Yi , Du Lutao , Jiang Xiumei , Yan Suzhen , Duan Weili , Li Juan , Zhan Yao , Wang Lili , Zhang Shujun , Li Shuhai , Wang Lishui , Xu Shuo , Wang Chuanxin 
Published: March 2018

Lung cancer is the first leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Increasing evidence shows that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are capable of modulating tumor initiation, proliferation and metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether circulating lncRNA could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC. Expression profiles of 14 lncRNA selected from other studies were validated in 20 pairs of tissues by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the dysregulated lncRNA thus identified were further validated in serum samples from two independent cohorts along with three tumor makers (CEA, CYFRA21‐1, and SCCA). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis was utilized to estimate the diagnostic efficiency of the candidate lncRNA and tumor markers. Importantly, we observed an association between lncRNA expression and overall survival (OS) rate of NSCLC. The expressions of SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) and ANRIL were obviously upregulated in NSCLC tissues and serum samples compared with normal controls (P < 0.01). Based on the data from the training set, we next used a logistic regression model to construct an NSCLC diagnostic panel consisting of two lncRNA and three tumor markers. The area under the curve of this panel was 0.853 (95% confidence interval = 0.804–0.894, sensitivity = 77.1%, specificity = 79.2%), and this was distinctly superior to any biomarker alone (all at P < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the validation set. Intriguingly, Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that low expressions of SOX2OT and ANRIL were both associated with higher OS rate (P = 0.008 and 0.017, respectively), and SOX2OT could be used as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.036). Taken together, our study demonstrated that the newly developed diagnostic panel consisting of SOX2OT, ANRIL, CEA, CYFRA21‐1, and SCCA could be valuable in NSCLC diagnosis. LncRNA SOX2OT and ANRIL might be ideal biomarkers for NSCLC prognosis.
Long‐Term and Seasonal Trends in Estuarine and Coastal Carbonate Systems
Authors: Carstensen Jacob , Chierici Melissa , Gustafsson Bo G. , Gustafsson Erik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoastal pH and total alkalinity are regulated by a diverse range of local processes superimposed on global trends of warming and ocean acidification, yet few studies have investigated the relative importance of different processes for coastal acidification. We describe long‐term (1972–2016) and seasonal trends in the carbonate system of three Danish coastal systems demonstrating that hydrological modification, changes in nutrient inputs from land, and presence/absence of calcifiers can drastically alter carbonate chemistry. Total alkalinity was mainly governed by conservative mixing of freshwater (0.73–5.17 mmol kg−1) with outer boundary concentrations (~2–2.4 mmol kg−1), modulated seasonally and spatially (~0.1–0.2 mmol kg−1) by calcifiers. Nitrate assimilation by primary production, denitrification, and sulfate reduction increased total alkalinity by almost 0.6 mmol kg−1 in the most eutrophic system during a period without calcifiers. Trends in pH ranged from −0.0088 year−1 to 0.021 year−1, the more extreme of these mainly driven by salinity changes in a sluice‐controlled lagoon. Temperature increased 0.05°C yr−1 across all three systems, which directly accounted for a pH decrease of 0.0008 year−1. Accounting for mixing, salinity, and temperature effects on dissociation and solubility constants, the resulting pH decline (0.0040 year−1) was about twice the ocean trend, emphasizing the effect of nutrient management on primary production and coastal acidification. Coastal pCO2 increased ~4 times more rapidly than ocean rates, enhancing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Indeed, coastal systems undergo more drastic changes than the ocean and coastal acidification trends are substantially enhanced from nutrient reductions to address coastal eutrophication.
Understanding the Dynamics of Future Changes in Extreme Precipitation Intensity
Authors: Tandon Neil F. , Zhang Xuebin , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClimate model projections of extreme precipitation intensity depend heavily on the region: some regions will experience exceptionally strong increases in extreme precipitation intensity, while other regions will experience decreases in extreme precipitation intensity. These regional variations are closely related to regional changes in large‐scale ascent during extreme precipitation events—that is, “extreme ascent”—but the drivers of extreme ascent changes remain poorly understood. Using output from a large ensemble of the Canadian Earth System Model version 2, we show that subtropical changes in extreme ascent likely result from changes in the horizontal scale of ascending anomalies, which are in turn associated with changes in vertical stability. Near the equator, changes in the seasonal mean circulation may be an important factor influencing extreme ascent, but this finding is model dependent.
Coastal Freshening Prevents Fjord Bottom Water Renewal in Northeast Greenland: A Mooring Study From 2003 to 2015
Authors: Boone Wieter , Rysgaard Søren , Carlson Daniel F. , Meire Lorenz , Kirillov Sergei , Mortensen John , Dmitrenko Igor , Vergeynst Leendert , Sejr Mikael K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe freshwater content of the Arctic Ocean and its bordering seas has recently increased. Observing freshening events is an important step toward identifying the drivers and understanding the effects of freshening on ocean circulation and marine ecosystems. Here we present a 13 year (2003–2015) record of temperature and salinity in Young Sound‐Tyrolerfjord (74°N) in Northeast Greenland. Our observations show that strong freshening occurred from August 2005 to August 2007 (−0.92 psu or −0.46 psu yr−1) and from August 2009 to August 2013 (−0.66 psu or −0.17 psu yr−1). Furthermore, temperature‐salinity analysis from 2004 to 2014 shows that freshening of the coastal water (~range at sill depth: 33.3 psu in 2005 to 31.4 psu in 2007) prevented renewal of the fjord's bottom water. These data provide critical observations of interannual freshening rates in a remote fjord in Greenland and in the adjacent coastal waters and show that coastal freshening impacts the fjord hydrography, which may impact the ecosystem dynamics in the long term.
A First Look at Decadal Hydrological Predictability by Land Surface Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Yuan Xing , Zhu Enda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe prediction of terrestrial hydrology at the decadal scale is critical for managing water resources in the face of climate change. Here we conducted an assessment by global land model simulations following the design of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) decadal hindcast experiments, specifically testing for the sensitivity to perfect initial or boundary conditions. The memory for terrestrial water storage (TWS) is longer than 6 years over 11% of global land areas where the deep soil moisture and aquifer water have a long memory and a nonnegligible variability. Ensemble decadal predictions based on realistic initial conditions are skillful over 31%, 43%, and 59% of global land areas for TWS, deep soil moisture, and aquifer water, respectively. The fraction of skillful predictions for TWS increases by 10%–16% when conditioned on Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indices. This study provides a first look at decadal hydrological predictability, with an improved skill when incorporating low‐frequency climate information.
An improved adaptive backstepping approach on static var compensator controller of nonlinear power systems
Authors: Su Qingyu , Quan Wanzhen , Cai Guowei , Li Jian 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe transient stability problem of a single‐machine infinite‐bus system with static var compensator is solved in this paper, where the static var compensator controller is designed by an improved backstepping method combining error compensation, adaptive backstepping control, and sliding mode variable structure control. Crucially, the error compensation term, which chooses in the step of virtual control by the adaptive backstepping method, is introduced to ensure that the system states are bounded, maintaining the nonlinearity of the power systems while also improving the speed of parameter identification. Meanwhile, the Lyapunov function is constituted step by step to achieve stability of the subsystem. In addition, a parameter updating law and a nonlinear control law are explicitly given to asymptotically stabilize the closed‐loop system. Finally, a simulation is used to illustrate the effectiveness and the practicality of the proposed control approach.
iRGD Modified Chemo‐immunotherapeutic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma
Authors: Kuang Jing , Song Wen , Yin Jun , Zeng Xuan , Han Song , Zhao Yi‐Peng , Tao Jun , Liu Chuan‐Jun , He Xiao‐Hua , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and still remains incurable, due to the limited accumulation of drugs in the tumor area. Herein, iRGD‐modified nanoparticles, DOX@MSN‐SS‐iRGD&1MT, are developed for simultaneous delivery of chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, DOX) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (1‐methyltryptophan, 1MT) into orthotopic glioma. The nanoparticles are comprised of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with DOX, combined with Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp (DEVD) connected 1MT, and finally modified by iRGD. These nanoparticles show the capability of penetrating through blood brain barrier into the tumor area, and significantly improve accumulation of drugs in orthotopic brain tumors with minimal side effects. The nanoparticles also activate cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes and inhibit CD4+ T cells in both GL261 cells cocultured with splenocytes in vitro and GL261‐luc orthotopic tumors in vivo. Moreover, the expression of antitumor cytokines IFNα/β, IFN‐γ, TNF, IL‐17, STING, and GrzB is upregulated while protumor proteins p‐STAT3 and IL‐10 are downregulated in the brain tumor area. This study demonstrates the advantages of chemo‐immunotherapeutic nanoparticles accumulated in the brain tumor area and their effectively inhibiting tumor proliferation, which establishes a delivery platform to promote antitumor immunity against glioblastoma.
Advanced Materials through Assembly of Nanocelluloses
Authors: Kontturi Eero , Laaksonen Päivi , Linder Markus B. , Nonappa  , Gröschel André H. , Rojas Orlando J. , Ikkala Olli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form the basis of the future bioeconomy for energy and material efficiency. Cellulose has long been recognized as an abundant polymer. Modified celluloses were, in fact, among the first polymers used in technical applications; however, they were later replaced by petroleum‐based synthetic polymers. Currently, there is a resurgence of interest to utilize renewable resources, where cellulose is foreseen to make again a major impact, this time in the development of advanced materials. This is because of its availability and properties, as well as economic and sustainable production. Among cellulose‐based structures, cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals display nanoscale lateral dimensions and lengths ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Their excellent mechanical properties are, in part, due to their crystalline assembly via hydrogen bonds. Owing to their abundant surface hydroxyl groups, they can be easily modified with nanoparticles, (bio)polymers, inorganics, or nanocarbons to form functional fibers, films, bulk matter, and porous aerogels and foams. Here, some of the recent progress in the development of advanced materials within this rapidly growing field is reviewed.
Chemical and Morphological Control of Interfacial Self‐Doping for Efficient Organic Electronics
Authors: Liu Yao , Cole Marcus D. , Jiang Yufeng , Kim Paul Y. , Nordlund Dennis , Emrick Todd , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSolution‐based processing of materials for electrical doping of organic semiconductor interfaces is attractive for boosting the efficiency of organic electronic devices with multilayer structures. To simplify this process, self‐doping perylene diimide (PDI)‐based ionene polymers are synthesized, in which the semiconductor PDI components are embedded together with electrolyte dopants in the polymer backbone. Functionality contained within the PDI monomers suppresses their aggregation, affording self‐doping interlayers with controllable thickness when processed from solution into organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). Optimal results for interfacial self‐doping lead to increased power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the fullerene‐based OPVs, from 2.62% to 10.64%, and of the nonfullerene‐based OPVs, from 3.34% to 10.59%. These PDI–ionene interlayers enable chemical and morphological control of interfacial doping and conductivity, demonstrating that the conductive channels are crucial for charge transport in doped organic semiconductor films. Using these novel interlayers with efficient doping and high conductivity, both fullerene‐ and nonfullerene‐based OPVs are achieved with PCEs exceeding 9% over interlayer thicknesses ranging from ≈3 to 40 nm.
Electroconductive Biohybrid Collagen/Pristine Graphene Composite Biomaterials with Enhanced Biological Activity
Authors: Ryan Alan J. , Kearney Cathal J. , Shen Nian , Khan Umar , Kelly Adam G. , Probst Christopher , Brauchle Eva , Biccai Sonia , Garciarena Carolina D. , Vega‐Mayoral Victor , Loskill Peter , Kerrigan Steve W. , Kelly Daniel J. , Schenke‐Layland Katja , Coleman Jonathan N. , O'Brien Fergal J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElectroconductive substrates are emerging as promising functional materials for biomedical applications. Here, the development of biohybrids of collagen and pristine graphene that effectively harness both the biofunctionality of the protein component and the increased stiffness and enhanced electrical conductivity (matching native cardiac tissue) obtainable with pristine graphene is reported. As well as improving substrate physical properties, the addition of pristine graphene also enhances human cardiac fibroblast growth while simultaneously inhibiting bacterial attachment (Staphylococcus aureus). When embryonic‐stem‐cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (ESC‐CMs) are cultured on the substrates, biohybrids containing 32 wt% graphene significantly increase metabolic activity and cross‐striated sarcomeric structures, indicative of the improved substrate suitability. By then applying electrical stimulation to these conductive biohybrid substrates, an enhancement of the alignment and maturation of the ESC‐CMs is achieved. While this in vitro work has clearly shown the potential of these materials to be translated for cardiac applications, it is proposed that these graphene‐based biohybrid platforms have potential for a myriad of other applications—particularly in electrically sensitive tissues, such as neural and neural and musculoskeletal tissues.
The “Rust” Challenge: On the Correlations between Electronic Structure, Excited State Dynamics, and Photoelectrochemical Performance of Hematite Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Grave Daniel A. , Yatom Natav , Ellis David S. , Toroker Maytal Caspary , Rothschild Avner 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn recent years, hematite's potential as a photoanode material for solar hydrogen production has ignited a renewed interest in its physical and interfacial properties, which continues to be an active field of research. Research on hematite photoanodes provides new insights on the correlations between electronic structure, transport properties, excited state dynamics, and charge transfer phenomena, and expands our knowledge on solar cell materials into correlated electron systems. This research news article presents a snapshot of selected theoretical and experimental developments linking the electronic structure to the photoelectrochemical performance, with particular focus on optoelectronic properties and charge carrier dynamics.
Highly Emissive Fused Heterocyclic Alkynylgold(III) Complexes for Multiple Color Emission Spanning from Green to Red for Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Tang Man‐Chung , Lee Chin‐Ho , Ng Maggie , Wong Yi‐Chun , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new class of fused heterocyclic tridentate ligand‐containing alkynylgold(III) complexes with tunable emission color has been successfully designed and synthesized. Structural modification of the σ‐donating fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands, including substituted fluorene, carbazole, and triphenylamine, enables a large spectral shift of about 110 nm (ca. 3310 cm−1) that covers the green to red region to be realized with the same tridentate ligand‐containing alkynylgold(III) complexes in solid‐state thin films. Interestingly, the energy of the excimeric emission can be controlled by the rational design of the fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands. Superior solution‐processable organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) with high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 12.2, 13.5, 9.3, and 5.2 % were obtained with green, yellow, orange, and red emission. These high EQE values are comparable to those of the vacuum‐deposited OLEDs based on structurally related alkynylgold(III) complexes.