bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy versus primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Seo Seung-Suk , Nha Kyung-Wook , Kim Tae-Yeong , Shin Young-Soo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Theoretical considerations suggest that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is technically more challenging after high tibial osteotomy (HTO), resulting in inferior results compared to primary TKA. However, several studies on this issue have shown contradictory results. The purpose of this meta-analysis to compare survivorship and clinical outcomes between TKA with and without previous HTO.

Methods:
We reviewed studies that evaluated pain and function scores, range of motion (ROM), operation time, Insall-Salvati (IS) ratio, complications, and survival rates in patients treated with TKA with previous HTO or with primary TKA with short- to midterm (<10 years) or long-term (>10 years) follow-up.

Results:
Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between TKA with and without previous HTO in pain score (95% CI: −0.27 to 0.29; P = .94), function score (95% CI: −0.08 to 0.24; P = .32), operation time (95% CI: −5.43 to 26.85; P = .19), IS ratio (95% CI: −0.03 to 0.08; P = .40), complication rates (TKA with previous HTO, 62/1717; primary TKA, 610/31386; OR 1.31, 95% CI: 0.97–1.77; P = .08), and short- to midterm survival rates (TKA with previous HTO, 1860/2009; primary TKA, 37848/38765; OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.28–1.10; P = .09). Conversely, ROM (95% CI: −7.40 to −1.26; P = .006) and long-term survival rates (TKA with previous HTO, 1426/1523; primary TKA, 29810/31201; OR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.89; P = .003) were significantly different between the two groups. In addition, both groups had substantial proportions of knees exhibiting short- to midterm survivorship (92.6% by TKA with previous HTO and 97.6% by primary TKA) and long-term survivorship (93.6% by TKA with previous HTO and 95.5% by primary TKA).

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis suggests that a previous HTO affected ROM or survival of TKA in the long-term even though both groups have equivalent clinical outcomes and complications. Thus, orthopedic surgeons should offer useful information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of both procedures to patients, and should provide advice on the generally higher risk of revision after TKA with previous HTO at long-term follow-up when counseling patients.
General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia maintaining appropriate anesthesia depth may protect excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones in colon cancer patients during and after surgery
Authors: Hou Bao-Jun , Du Ying , Gu Shu-Xin , Fan Jie , Wang Ran , Deng Hong , Guo Dan-Xia , Wang Li , Wang Yan-Ying 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of varied anesthetic methods and depths on inflammatory cytokines and stress hormone levels in radical operation among colon cancer patients during perioperative period.
A total of 120 patients were collected in the study and randomly divided into 4 groups, A: general anesthesia + Narcotrend D1, B: general anesthesia + Narcotrend D2, C: general anesthesia + epidural anesthesia + Narcotrend D1, D: general anesthesia + epidural anesthesia + Narcotrend D2. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, cortisol (Cor), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured adopting commercial kits before anesthesia (T0), 4 hours after surgery (T1), 24 hours after surgery (T2), and 72 hours after surgery (T3).
There was no significant difference in basic clinical characteristics among the groups. In comparison with group A, B and C, group D showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Cor, ACTH, and ET-1 at T1 and T2 (all, P < .05). Significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Cor, and ACTH were detected at T1 and T2 than those at T0 (all, P < .05), whereas, at T3, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones were all decreased near to preoperation ones.
General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia at Narcotrend D2 depth plays an important role in reducing immune and stress response in patients with colon cancer from surgery to 24 hours after surgery.
Medical emergencies in dental hygienists’ practice
Authors: Smereka Jacek , Aluchna Marcin , Aluchna Alicja , Puchalski Marcin , Wroblewski Pawel , Checinski Igor , Leskiewicz Marcin , Szarpak Lukasz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dental hygienists in Poland work in various settings, including public health care institutions, private dental practices, dental clinics, kindergartens, and schools. They can often face medical emergencies, whose rate is increasing owing to comorbidities and aging of dental patients’ populations. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of medical emergencies in dental hygienists’ practice in Poland and the hygienists’ preparedness and attitudes toward emergencies.
A 10-question authors’ own questionnaire was filled in by 613 dental hygienist. It referred to their cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, availability of emergency medical equipment in the workplace, the prevalence of medical emergencies including the need for an emergency medical service (EMS) call, and the management of cardiac arrest.
Overall, 613 dental hygienists working in Poland participated in the study; 38.99% had taken part in basic life support (BLS) training within the previous 12 months and 35.89% within 2 to 5 years; 15.17% had experienced at least 1 emergency situation requiring an EMS call within the previous 12 months. Vasovagal syncope was the most common medical emergency (15.97%), followed by moderate anaphylactic reaction (13.87%), seizures (8.81%), hyperventilation crisis (7.50%), and hypoglycemia (7.34%).
The most common medical emergency in dental hygienists’ practice in Poland is syncope followed by mild anaphylactic reaction. Most of the dental hygienist had participated in a BLS course within the previous 5 years; however, 20% of them have never participated since graduation. Dental hygienists should participate in BLS courses every 2 years to keep the cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills and stay up-to-date with current guidelines. An important part of the study participants declare the lack of availability in their workplaces of life-saving equipment, including self-expanding bag resuscitator, oropharyngeal, and supraglottic airway device and oxygen source. Medical emergency equipment as recommended in the international guidelines should be available in every practice.
The Qigong Wuqinxi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Yu Feng , Xin Mengxue , Liu Nan , Huang Na , Lu Jianhui 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive disease that represents an important public health challenge nowadays. Despite the growing number of studies assessing the rehabilitation outcome of Wuqinxi for COPD, their many variables and observations are often explored with a relatively small sample size, accordingly maybe lead to potential false-positive results. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the rehabilitation efficacy of Wuqinxi for COPD.

Methods:
A detailed search for articles up to June 2019 will be performed to identify randomized controlled trials for Wuqinxi in COPD. The following database will be used: PUBMED, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Sino Med, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database, and Wanfang Database. Grey literature will be explored and the selection of studies, data extraction and validation will performed independently by 2 reviewers using predefined selection criteria and quality indicators. Stata V.13.0 and Review manager 5.3 software will be used for data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and risk of bias assessment. We will use the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system to assess the quality of evidence.

Results:
This research will update previous evidence summaries and provide a quantitative and standardized assessment of the rehabilitation efficacy of Wuqinxi for COPD.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will generate the latest evidence for determining whether Wuqinxi has a positive rehabilitation effect for COPD.
PROSPERO registration number: PROSPERO CRD 42019120960.
Clinical characteristics of early neuroendocrine carcinoma in stomach
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Jing Haiyan , Yao Takashi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is rare. It is considered to be aggressive and has a poor prognosis since the diagnosis is usually made at its advanced stage. However, the survival rate is increased in some early gastric NECs. This study showed a case and reviewed the clinical characteristics of early NECs in stomach.

Patient concerns:
A 38-year-old man displayed no symptoms and underwent the gastric endoscopy test for his health examination, which showed a red slightly depressed lesion 1.0 cm in size on the lesser curvature of gastric cardia. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) revealed a clear demarcation and an irregular mesh in vessels within the depressed area. The background mucosa was negative for atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter Pylori infection. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed no obvious thickening of stomach and lymphadenopathy. Blood tests and physical examination were unremarkable. He had not received any surgical treatment and denied a family history of cancer and any genetic disorders. The pathologic result of biopsy from the lesion was suspicious of superficial carcinoma. Then endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed.

Diagnosis:
Gastric NEC G3 in the early stage (T1aN0M0).

Interventions:
Concerning this patient's situation, we considered the ESD as a curable treatment. And no radical surgery or adjuvant chemotherapy was arranged.

Outcomes:
The patient is doing well and displays no recurrence for 11 months, who is still in follow-up.

Lessons subsections as per style:
The early diagnosis and effective treatment by endoscopy would contribute to improve the prognosis of gastric NECs.
Organs by design: can bioprinting meet self-organization?
Authors: Martin Ivan , Malda Jos , Rivron Nicolas C. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of reviewEngineering functional organs starting from stem or progenitor cells holds promise to address the urgent need for organ transplants. However, to date, the development of complex organ structures remains an open challenge.Recent findingsAmong multiple approaches to organ regeneration that are being investigated, two main directions can be identified, namely the patterned deposition of cells to impose specific structures, using bioprinting technologies, and (ii) the spontaneous development of organoids, according to principles of self-organization. In this review, we shortly describe the advantages and limitations of these paradigms and we discuss how they can synergize their positive features to better control and robustly develop organs from stem cells, toward organogenesis by design.SummaryThe outlined possibilities to bring together tools and concepts of bioprinting and self-organization will be relevant not only to generate implantable organs, but also to dissect fundamental mechanisms of organogenesis and to test therapeutic strategies in modeled pathological settings.
Measuring the Burden on Family Caregivers of People With Cancer
Authors: Kristanti Martina Sinta , Vernooij-Dassen Myrra , Utarini Adi , Effendy Christantie , Engels Yvonne 
Published: July 2019

Background
The Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) is considered one of the well-developed instruments for measuring the multidimensional burden of family caregivers. To date, there is no available validated instrument to assist healthcare professionals in measuring the caregiver’s burden in Indonesia.

Objective
To translate the CRA from English into Indonesian and to conduct psychometric testing of this CRA–Indonesian version (CRA-ID) with family caregivers of patients with cancer.

Methods
Cross-cultural translation and psychometric testing were conducted. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to check, explore, and confirm the best model for the CRA-ID; internal consistency was also measured.

Results
A total of 451 respondents participated, of whom 40 were involved in the feasibility testing. Confirmatory factor analysis with the original factors of the CRA revealed that the fit was not satisfactory, and adaptation was needed. Through exploratory factor analysis, the best model fit was developed, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed again. Five factors from the original instrument were confirmed with an explained variance of 54.89%. Almost all items in the CRA-ID appeared to have a similar structure as the original version. Cronbach's α's ranged between .64 and .81.

Conclusions
The CRA-ID appeared to be feasible, valid, and reliable for measuring the burden of family caregivers of patients with cancer in Indonesia.

Implications for Practice
Nurses can use the CRA-ID to measure family caregivers’ burden. Its availability in the Indonesian language enhances the opportunity to conduct international comparisons of family caregiver burden using the same instrument.
A Spatial Evaluation of Healthy Food Access: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Participants
Authors: Davis Jonathan , Jossefides Mindy , Lane Travis , Pijawka David , Phelps Mallory , Ritchey Jamie 
Published: July 2019

Context:
It is well known in public health practice that vulnerable populations in rural and inner-city areas may not be able to access healthy foods due to cost, availability, access to transport, and other factors.

Program:
The Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc (ITCA), Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides moderate- and lower-income families with increased access to nutritional information, health care, and healthy foods.

Implementation:
ITCA WIC authorizes and enters into contracts with stores that carry a baseline of healthy foods. To use WIC benefits, participants must go to authorized WIC stores where approved healthy foods are available.

Evaluation:
ITCA Tribal Epidemiology Center developed a methodological framework using Geographic Information Systems to examine WIC authorized stores in 2014 and 2016 to determine whether there were gaps in the store network. To be considered served by the store network, urban WIC participants were required to be within 1 mile and nonurban WIC participants were required to be within 5 miles of a store. We examined whether additional stores could be added to the network to decrease travel distance and travel time in order to further improve access to healthy foods.

Discussion:
Between 2014 and 2016, 700 stores were examined and WIC authorized 8 new stores to increase the network; all remote and most rural stores were WIC authorized. In 2014, about 50% of participants met the criteria to be considered served. In 2016, 54% met the criteria, indicating a modest increase in store access for WIC participants. Store network access increased in urban areas from 39% to 41% and from 66% to 74% in nonurban areas between 2014 and 2016. By evaluating the ITCA WIC authorized stores, we note that ITCA increased access to WIC approved healthy foods for WIC participants.
Reducing Expansion Visits in Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Study of Prepectoral and Subpectoral Expander Placement
Authors: Wormer Blair A. , Valmadrid Al C. , Ganesh Kumar Nishant , Al Kassis Salam , Rankin Timothy M. , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos , Higdon Kent K. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The numerous office visits required to complete expansion in implant-based breast reconstruction impact patient satisfaction, office resources, and time to complete reconstruction. This study aimed to determine whether prepectoral compared to subpectoral immediate implant-based breast reconstruction offers expedited tissue expansion without affecting complication rates.

Methods:
Consecutive patients who underwent immediate implant-based breast reconstruction with tissue expanders from January of 2016 to July of 2017 by a single surgeon were grouped into subpectoral (partial submuscular/partial acellular dermal matrix) or prepectoral (complete acellular dermal matrix coverage), and reviewed. The primary outcomes were total days and number of visits to complete expansion. Groups were compared by univariate analysis with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results:
In total, 101 patients (subpectoral, n = 69; prepectoral, n = 32) underwent 184 immediate implant-based breast reconstructions (subpectoral, n = 124; prepectoral, n = 60). There was no difference in age, body mass index, smoking, or diabetes between the groups (all p > 0.05). Follow-up was similar between groups (179.3 ± 98.2 days versus 218.3 ± 119.8 days; p = 0.115). Prepectoral patients took fewer days to complete expansion (40.4 ± 37.8 days versus 62.5 ± 50.2 days; p < 0.001) and fewer office visits to complete expansion (2.3 ± 1 .7 versus 3.9 ± 1.8; p < 0.001), and were expanded to greater final volumes than subpectoral patients (543.7 ± 122.9 ml versus 477.5 ± 159.6 ml; p = 0.017). Between prepectoral and subpectoral reconstructions, there were similar rates of minor complications (25 percent versus 18.5 percent; p = 0.311), readmissions (5 percent versus 2.4 percent; p = 0.393), seromas (8.3 percent versus 5.6 percent; p = 0.489), reoperations for hematoma (3.3 percent versus 1.6 percent; p = 0.597), and explantations (5 percent versus 2.4 percent; p = 0.393).

Conclusion:
This novel analysis demonstrates that prepectoral immediate implant-based breast reconstruction can facilitate expansion to higher total volumes in nearly half the office visits compared to subpectoral placement in similar populations without increasing complication rates.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Cross-Sectional Soft-Tissue Composition and the Distribution of Blue Cutaneous Discoloration in the Lower Eyelid after Hyaluronic Acid Injection
Authors: Essilfie Juliet O. , Kattan Jaffer , Demer Joseph L. , Rootman Daniel B. 
Published: July 2019

Summary:
The soft-tissue composition of the eyelid varies from lateral to medial, in that the orbicularis area (in square millimeters) is greatest medially and least laterally, whereas the reverse is true for the preauricularis and postorbicularis fat. The purpose of this study was to describe the relative contribution of tissue types to the volume of the lower eyelid-midface junction. This is an observational cohort study of 11 subjects (20 eyes) without a history of orbital or periorbital surgery or abnormality. Quasi-sagittal surface coil magnetic resonance imaging scans in planes parallel to the long axis of each orbit were obtained during central gaze fixation. Measurements of the tissue area (in square millimeters) of the skin, preorbicularis fat, orbicularis, and postorbicularis fat were obtained in the center, medial, and lateral eyelid regions. Differences in tissue area across the eyelid were assessed. The segmental cross-sectional area and percentage of total segment represented by the orbicularis muscle increased from the lateral (9.4 mm2; 21.8 percent) to the central (14.1 mm2; 35.0 percent) and to the medial (18.5 mm2; 47.0 percent) eyelid (p < 0.01). The inverse pattern was noted for both preorbicularis and postorbicularis fat, each occupying less area (in square millimeters) from lateral to medial (p < 0.01). Skin thickness did not vary significantly across the eyelid. The soft-tissue composition of the eyelid varies from lateral to medial in that the orbicularis increases in area, whereas the reverse is true for the preorbicularis and postorbicularis fat. This anatomical progression may help to explain the stereotypical location of blue discoloration in some patients after hyaluronic acid filler injection.
Protective Effect of Botulinum Toxin against Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Pigmentation
Authors: Jung Jae-A , Kim Beom-Jun , Kim Min-Sook , You Hi-Jin , Yoon Eul-Sik , Dhong Eun-Sang , Park Seung-Ha , Kim Deok-Woo 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Hyperpigmentation following ultraviolet irradiation has cosmetic concerns. Botulinum toxin type A can favorably affect skin pigmentation. However, the mechanism of skin pigmentation is unclear.

Methods:
In vitro, human epidermal melanocytes were co-cultured with human keratinocytes. After cells were treated with botulinum toxin type A, cell morphology, proliferation, and dendricity were analyzed, and immunofluorescence, tyrosinase activity, and melanin contents were determined. To evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on ultraviolet B–irradiated mouse skin, ultraviolet B alone was applied to one side of the back of each mouse as a control, whereas ultraviolet B plus injection of botulinum toxin type A was applied to the contralateral side. Skin pigmentation, histology, and the number of dihydroxyphenylalanine-positive melanocytes were evaluated. The L* colorimeter value was measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determinations of basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1 alpha, and prostaglandin E2 were performed.

Results:
Immunohistochemical staining revealed botulinum toxin type A in the cytoplasm of melanocytes and in the positive control. In vitro, melanocyte dendricity and melanin contents were decreased slightly but significantly (p < 0.05) after botulinum toxin type A treatment. In vivo, botulinum toxin type A suppressed skin pigmentation. The number of dihydroxyphenylalanine-positive melanocytes was also significantly lower than in the control side. Tyrosinase activity and melanin content were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Botulinum toxin type A also significantly reduced the amounts of basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1 alpha, and prostaglandin E2 (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Botulinum toxin type A can suppress epidermal melanogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms.