bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer with comedonecrosis is frequently, but not exclusively, intraductal carcinoma: a need for reappraisal of grading criteria
Authors: Madan Raghav , Deebajah Mustafa , Alanee Shaheen , Gupta Nilesh S , Carskadon Shannon , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Williamson Sean R 
Published: February 2019

AimsComedonecrosis in prostate cancer has always been Gleason pattern 5. However, we aimed to evaluate how intraductal carcinoma (not graded) with comedonecrosis should be considered.Methods and resultsFrom 52 radical prostatectomy patients, 40 were informative and evaluated with immunohistochemistry for basal cells. Clinical outcome was assessed for biochemical recurrence, metastatic disease and the need for adjuvant therapy. Comedonecrosis was predominantly located in intraductal carcinoma (24, 60%). However, nine (23%) had comedonecrosis within invasive cancer and seven (18%) within both invasive and intraductal carcinoma. Extraprostatic extension rarely showed comedonecrosis (5, 13%), but rather perineural invasion within cribriform glands. Tumours were largely high‐stage (15, 38% pT3a and 19, 48% pT3b), with 15 (37%) having positive lymph nodes and four distant metastases. Most cases (25, 63%) had other patterns of Gleason pattern 5 (single cells, solid), although 10 were reclassified as containing no invasive pattern 5. Of these, most were pT3 (eight of 10), but none had positive lymph nodes. Lymph node metastases were more common in patients with invasive cancer containing comedonecrosis (P = 0.02), and the need for androgen deprivation was near significance (P = 0.07), but biochemical recurrence was not significantly different (P = 0.58).ConclusionsProstate cancer with comedonecrosis is often intraductal; however, these tumours are largely high‐stage, showing a higher rate of positive lymph nodes with invasive comedonecrosis. Immunohistochemistry may be considered when comedonecrosis may significantly change the tumour grade. However, it is not clear at present that excluding intraductal carcinoma from the grade is superior to including it in grading when it is associated with high‐grade invasive cancer.
A cluster of CYP6 gene family associated with the major quantitative trait locus is responsible for the pyrethroid resistance in Culex pipiens pallen
Authors: Zou F. , Guo Q. , Shen B. , Zhu C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe emergence and rapid spread of insecticide resistance in several mosquito species has become a significant obstacle in management of mosquito‐borne diseases, including deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallens. Previous study identified a major deltamethrin resistance quantitative trait locus (DR‐6) that alone explained 62% of the genetic variance. In this study, the marker L4B1.102 and L4B1.175 associated with the DR‐6 were characterized. We searched for potential candidate genes in the flank region of two markers in the genome sequence and showed that a cluster of CYP6 cytochrome P450 genes (CYP6BB4, CYP6BB3, CYP6CC2, CYP6P14, CYP6BZ2, CYP6AA9, CYP6AA8, CYP6AA7) was in the vicinity of DR‐6. Significant differences in the expression of these P450s in the larval and adult stages were identified in the resistant strains compared with the susceptible strain. For CYP6AA9 and CYP6BB4, the correlation analysis showed a highly positive correlation between relative gene expression quantification and the resistance level in different strains. Knockdown of CYP6BB4 increased the sensitivity of mosquitoes to deltamethrin. We identified that the deltamethrin resistance was in a cluster of CYP6 genes in C. pipiens pallens, and CYP6BB4 may play a significant role in the development of deltamethrin resistance.
Public Support for European Solidarity: Between Euroscepticism and EU Agenda Preferences?
Authors: Baute Sharon , Abts Koen , Meuleman Bart 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article investigates public support for two types of EU‐wide solidarity that currently exist, namely member state solidarity (such as transfers to less developed and crisis‐hit countries) and transnational solidarity (such as granting cross‐border social rights to EU citizens). Drawing on data from the 2014 Belgian National Election Study, we find that opposition towards European integration – in particular regarding EU enlargement – reduces citizens' willingness to support European solidarity to a large extent. However, this article reveals that public support for European solidarity cannot simply be reduced to a pro‐versus anti‐integration, nor to a domestic left–right conflict. Citizens' substantive positions towards the EU's social and economic agenda are a crucial element in understanding contestation over European integration issues.
Innate immune response of human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts to in vitro incubation of Trichophyton benhamiae DSM 6916
Authors: Hesse‐Macabata J. , Morgner B. , Morgenstern S. , Grimm M.O. , Elsner P. , Hipler U.C. , Wiegand C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial cutaneous infection caused by the zoophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton benhamiae is often associated with a highly inflammatory immune response. As non‐professional immune cells, epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts contribute to the first line of defence by producing pro‐inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMP).ObjectivePurpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and the fungal–host interaction as not much is known about the innate immune response of these cutaneous cells against T. benhamiae.MethodsUsing a dermatophytosis model of fibroblasts and keratinocytes incubated with T. benhamiae DSM 6916, analyses included determination of cell viability and cytotoxicity, effects on the innate immune response including expression and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and expression of AMP, as well as alterations of genes involved in cell adhesion.ResultsTrichophyton benhamiae DSM 6916 infection led to severe cell damage and direct induction of a broad spectrum of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in both cutaneous cells. Only keratinocytes differentially up‐regulated AMP genes expression after T. benhamiae DSM 6916 infection. Expression of AMPs in fibroblasts was not inducible by fungal infection, whereas their absences potentially contributed to a continuous increase in the fungal biomass on fibroblasts, which in turn was reduced in keratinocytes possibly due to the antimicrobial actions of induced AMPs. On mRNA level, T. benhamiae DSM 6916 infection altered cell–cell contact proteins in keratinocytes, indicating that targeting specific cell–cell adhesion proteins might be part of dermatophytes’ virulence strategy.ConclusionThis study showed that in addition to immune cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts could participate in antimicrobial defence against an exemplary infection with T. benhamiae DSM 6916.
Stereophotogrammetric three‐dimensional photography is an accurate and precise planimetric method for the clinical visualization and quantification of human papilloma virus‐induced skin lesions
Authors: Rijsbergen M. , Pagan L. , Niemeyer ‐ van der Kolk T. , Rijneveld R. , Hogendoorn G. , Lemoine C. , Meija Miranda Y. , Feiss G. , Bouwes Bavink J.N. , Burggraaf J. , van Poelgeest M.I.E. , Rissmann R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe quantification of human papilloma virus (HPV)‐induced skin lesions is essential for the clinical assessment of the course of disease and the response to treatment. However, clinical assessments that measure dimensions of lesions using a caliper do not provide complete insight into three‐dimensional (3D) lesions, and its inter‐rater variability is often poor.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to validate a stereophotogrammetric 3D camera system for the quantification of HPV‐induced lesions.MethodsThe camera system was validated for accuracy, precision and interoperator and inter‐rater variability. Subsequently, 3D photographs were quantified and compared to caliper measurements for clinical validation by Bland–Altman modelling, based on data from 80 patients with cutaneous warts (CW), 24 with anogenital warts (AGW) patients and 12 with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vulva (vulvar HSIL) with a total lesion count of 220 CW, 74 AGW and 31 vulvar HSIL.ResultsTechnical validation showed excellent accuracy [coefficients of variation (CV) ≤ 0.68%] and reproducibility (CVs ≤ 2%), a good to excellent agreement between operators (CVs ≤ 8.7%) and a good to excellent agreement between different raters for all three lesion types (ICCs ≥ 0.86). When comparing 3D with caliper measurements, excellent biases were found for diameter of AGW (long diameter 5%), good biases were found for diameter of AGW (short diameter 10%) and height of CW (8%), and acceptable biases were found for the diameter of CW (11%) and vulvar HSIL (short diameter 14%, long diameter 16%). An unfavourable difference between these methods (bias 25%) was found for the assessment of height of AGWs.ConclusionStereophotogrammetric 3D imaging is an accurate and reliable method for the clinical visualization and quantification of HPV‐induced skin lesions.
l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) modulates brain iron, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in iron overload and mutant alpha‐synuclein mouse models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Billings Jessica L. , Gordon Sarah L. , Rawling Tristan , Doble Philip A. , Bush Ashley I. , Adlard Paul A. , Finkelstein David I. , Hare Dominic J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTreatment with the dopamine (DA) precursor l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) provides symptomatic relief arising from DA denervation in Parkinson's disease. Mounting evidence that DA autooxidation to neurotoxic quinones is involved in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis has raised concern about potentiation of oxidative stress by l‐DOPA. The rate of DA quinone formation increases in the presence of excess redox‐active iron (Fe), which is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Conversely, l‐DOPA has pH‐dependent Fe‐chelating properties, and may act to ‘redox silence’ Fe and partially allay DA autoxidation. We examined the effects of l‐DOPA in three murine models of parkinsonian neurodegeneration: early‐life Fe overexposure in wild‐type mice, transgenic human (h)A53T mutant α‐synuclein (α‐syn) over‐expression, and a combined ‘multi‐hit’ model of Fe‐overload in hA53T mice. We found that l‐DOPA was neuroprotective and prevented age‐related Fe accumulation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), similar to the mild‐affinity Fe chelator clioquinol. Chronic l‐DOPA treatment showed no evidence of increased oxidative stress in wild‐type midbrain and normalized motor performance, when excess Fe was present. Similarly, l‐DOPA also did not exacerbate protein oxidation levels in hA53T mice, with or without excess nigral Fe, and showed evidence of neuroprotection. The effects of l‐DOPA in Fe‐fed hA53T mice were somewhat muted, suggesting that Fe‐chelation alone is insufficient to attenuate neuron loss in an animal model also recapitulating altered DA metabolism. In summary, we found no evidence in any of our model systems that l‐DOPA treatment accentuated neurodegeneration, suggesting DA replacement therapy does not contribute to oxidative stress in the Parkinson's disease brain.
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Vertical Ridge Gain with Various Bone Augmentation Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hameed Muhammad Hasan , Gul Meisha , Ghafoor Robia , Khan Farhan Raza 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to determine the most effective alveolar augmentation technique for vertical bone gain.Materials and MethodsA systematic search to select clinical trials and retrospective studies done on patients with reduced vertical bone height was conducted. The intervention of interest was autogenous block graft done compared to procedures such as distraction osteogenesis (DO), particulate grafting, block plus particulate grafting with titanium mesh, and tent pole technique in systematically healthy adult patients age 18 and older. The following electronic databases were explored: PubMed, CINAHL, and Dental and Oral Science. A supplementary manual search of published full‐text articles from January 2005 to December 2017 was done using Google Scholar. Grey literature was also sought using greylit.org. The review protocol was registered at the Prospero registry (CRD # 42017072432). The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using EPOC criteria. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager for studies with quantitative data on mean values of vertical bone gain and bone resorption achieved with various bone augmentation techniques. Random effect model was used. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic.ResultsA total of 2322 articles were found. After excluding the irrelevant papers, only 8 papers were finally selected for the detailed evaluation. Of these 8, 5 were clinical trials, and 3 were retrospective studies. Four studies were on DO, 2 on particulate grafting, 1 on autogenous block grafting plus particulate grafting, and 1 on tent pole grafting. The control group in all studies were autogenous block graft. Meta‐analysis revealed no significant difference between DO and autogenous block grafting for vertical bone gain (mean difference 0.82 [–1.28, 2.91]). Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the 2 techniques for bone resorption (mean difference 0.38 [–0.23, 0.99]).ConclusionsDO was not superior to autogenous block grafting for vertical bone augmentation. Both techniques were associated with a number of complications. There was no difference in the bone resorption observed in the 2 techniques. No conclusive results can be drawn on other techniques on account of limited data.
Comparison of the Accuracy of Fit of Metal, Zirconia, and Lithium Disilicate Crowns Made from Different Manufacturing Techniques
Authors: Al Hamad Khaled Q. , Al Quran Firas A. , AlJalam Sendos A. , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of fit of metal, lithium disilicate, and zirconia crowns, which were produced using different manufacturing techniques.Materials and MethodsTen patients in need of a molar crown were recruited. Eight crowns were fabricated for each patient: 2 zirconia, 3 lithium disilicate (e.max), and 3 metal‐ceramic crowns using conventional, conventional/digital, and digital techniques. Marginal, axial, and occlusal gaps were measured using a replica technique. Replicas were sectioned mesiodistally and buccolingually and were observed under a stereomicroscope. A total of 32 measurements for each crown replica at 3 different points (12 marginal, 12 axial, and 8 occlusal) were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests.ResultsMarginal means ranged from 116.39 ± 32.76 µm for the conventional metal‐ceramic group to 147.56 ± 31.56 µm for the digital e.max group. The smallest axial gap was recorded for the digital zirconia group (76.19 ± 23.94 µm), while the largest axial gap was recorded for the conventional e.max (101.80 ± 19.81 µm) and conventional/digital metal‐ceramic groups (101.80 ± 35.31 µm). The conventional e.max crowns had the smallest occlusal mean gap (185.59 ± 59.09 µm), while the digital e.max group had the largest occlusal mean gap (295.38 ± 67.80 µm). Type of crown had no significant effect on marginal (p = 0.07, f = 2.71), axial (p = 0.75, f = 0.29), or occlusal fit (p = 0.099, f = 2.4), while fabrication method had a significant effect on axial gap only (p = 0.169, f = 1.82, p = 0.003, f = 6.21, and p = 0.144, f = 2 for marginal, axial, and occlusal fit, respectively). Digital fabrication produced significantly smaller axial gaps than the conventional method (p = 0.02), and the conventional digital method (p = 0.005).ConclusionsThe type of crown and method of manufacturing had no effect on the marginal and occlusal gap of single posterior crown, while the method of manufacturing had a significant effect on the axial gap. The digital method produced the smallest axial fit in comparison with the other methods, while the type of crown had no effect on the axial gap.
Diversity in the use of specialized dental services by older adults in the United States
Authors: Moeller John F. , Chen Haiyan , Manski Richard J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe estimated the use of any dental services and the use of specific types of dental services conditional on any dental use for adults 50 and over in the United States to analyze: a) disparities in the use of specialized dental services and b) whether older adults receiving routine dental care use fewer expensive specialized dental services.MethodsWe relied on data tabulations and estimated logistic regressions from the 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Study to analyze the influence of various covariates such as age, race/ethnicity, education, dental insurance, income, and health status on the likelihood of a) using any dental care and b) using routine dental care (prophylaxis, examinations, bitewings, etc.) and specialized services for restorative, periodontal, oral surgery, or prosthetic dental care conditional on using any dental care.ResultsWe found a) lower use of specialized services among higher income, more educated, healthier, nonminority older adults and b) association between lower use of routine dental care and higher use of expensive restorative, oral surgery, and prosthetic dental services.ConclusionsOur study identifies diversity in the use of specialized dental services among an older adult population and suggests that more widespread use of routine dental services could potentially improve oral health and limit the need for expensive specialized dental care for this population.
Characterization of a high‐growth‐rate mutant strain of Pyropia yezoensis using physiology measurement and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Ma Yingchao , He Linwen , Huan Li , Lu Xiaoping , Wang Guangce 
Published: February 2019

A mutant strain of Pyropia yezoensis, strain E, was isolated from the free‐living conchocelis of a pure strain (NA) treated with ethyl methane sulfonate. The incremental quantities of young strain E blades were higher than those of NA after 14 d of cultivation, indicating that young blades of mutant strain E released more archeospores. The mean length and weight of large E blades were both over three times greater than those of NA after 4 weeks of cultivation. The photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm, Y[I], Y[II], and O2 evolution rate) and pigment contents (including phycoerythrin and phycocyanin) of strain E blades were higher than those of NA (P < 0.05). The cellular respiratory rate of strain E blades was lower than that of NA (P < 0.05). In order to investigate the causes of changes in strain E blades, total RNA in strain E and NA blades were sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq platform. Compared with NA, 1,549 unigenes were selected in strain E including 657 up‐regulated and 892 down‐regulated genes. According to the physiology measurement and differentially expressed genes analysis, cell respiration in strain E might decrease, whereas anabolic‐like photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis might increase compared with NA. This means substance accumulation might be greater than decomposition in strain E. This might explain why strain E blades showed improved growth compared with NA. In addition, several genes related to stress resistance were up‐regulated in strain E indicating that strain E might have a higher stress resistance. The sequencing dataset may be conducive to Pyropia yezoensis molecular breeding research.
Coding sequences of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase regulatory peptides and expression of calcium regulatory genes in recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Valberg Stephanie J. , Soave Kaitlin , Williams Zoë J. , Perumbakkam Sudeep , Schott Melissa , Finno Carrie J. , Petersen Jessica L. , Fenger Clara , Autry Joseph M. , Thomas David D. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSarcolipin (SLN), myoregulin (MRLN), and dwarf open reading frame (DWORF) are transmembrane regulators of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transporting ATPase (SERCA) that we hypothesized played a role in recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER).ObjectivesCompare coding sequences ofSLN,MRLN,DWORFacross species and between RER and control horses. Compare expression of muscle Ca2+regulatory genes between RER and control horses.AnimalsTwenty Thoroughbreds (TB), 5 Standardbreds (STD), 6 Quarter Horses (QH) with RER and 39 breed‐matched controls.MethodsSanger sequencing of SERCA regulatory genes with comparison of amino acid (AA) sequences among control, RER horses, human, mouse, and rabbit reference genomes. In RER and control gluteal muscle, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction of SERCA regulatory peptides, the calcium release channel (RYR1), and its accessory proteins calsequestrin (CASQ1), and calstabin (FKBP1A).ResultsTheSLNgene was the highest expressed horse SERCA regulatory gene with a uniquely truncated AA sequence (29 versus 31) versus other species. Coding sequences ofSLN, MRLN, andDWORFwere identical in RER and control horses. A sex‐by‐phenotype effect occurred with lowerCASQ1expression in RER males versus control males (P < .001) and RER females (P = .05) and higherFKBP1A(P = .01) expression in RER males versus control males.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTheSLNgene encodes a uniquely truncated peptide in the horse versus other species. Variants in the coding sequence ofSLN, MLRN, orDWORFwere not associated with RER. Males with RER have differential gene expression that could reflect adaptations to stabilize RYR1.
Randomized trial comparing effects of weight loss by liraglutide with lifestyle modification in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Khoo Joan , Hsiang John C. , Taneja Ranu , Koo Seok‐Hwee , Soon Gaik‐Hong , Kam Carmen J. , Law Ngai‐Moh , Ang Tiing‐Leong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsWe compared the effects of weight loss induced with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonist liraglutide, with that of lifestyle modification, followed by weight maintenance after discontinuing intervention, in obese adults with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThirty obese (mean age 40.7 ± 9.1 years, BMI 33.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2, 90% male) adults with NAFLD defined as liver fat fraction (LFF) > 5% on magnetic resonance imaging without other causes of hepatic steatosis were randomized to a supervised programme of energy restriction plus moderate‐intensity exercise to induce ≥ 5% weight loss (DE group, n = 15), or liraglutide 3 mg daily (LI group, n = 15) for 26 weeks, followed by 26 weeks with only advice to prevent weight regain.ResultsDiet and exercise and LI groups had significant (P < 0.01) and similar reductions in weight (−3.5 ± 3.3 vs −3.0 ± 2.2 kg), LFF (−8.1 ± 13.2 vs −7.0 ± 7.1%), serum alanine aminotransferase (−39 ± 35 vs −26 ± 33 U/L) and caspase‐cleaved cytokeratin‐18 (cCK‐18) (−206 ± 252 vs −130 ± 158 U/L) at 26 weeks. At 52 weeks, the LI group significantly (P < 0.05) regained weight (1.8 ± 2.1 kg), LFF (4.0 ± 5.3%) and cCK‐18 (72 ± 126 U/L), whereas these were unchanged in the DE group.ConclusionsLiraglutide was effective for decreasing weight, hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular apoptosis in obese adults with NAFLD, but benefits were not sustained after discontinuation, in contrast with lifestyle modification. Continuing the exercise learned in the structured programme contributed to the maintenance of liver fat reduction.