bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of airway eosinophils in airway wall remodeling in asthma: Role of MMP‐10 and MET
Authors: Kuo Chih‐Hsi S. , Pavlidis Stelios , Zhu Jie , Loza Matthew , Baribaud Fred , Rowe Anthony , Pandis Ioannis , Gibeon David , Hoda Uruj , Sousa Ana , Wilson Susan J. , Howarth Peter , Shaw Dominick , Fowler Stephen , Dahlen Barbro , Chanez Pascal , Krug Norbert , Sandstrom Thomas , Fleming Louise , Corfield Julie , Auffray Charles , Djukanovic Ratko , Sterk Peter J. , Guo Yike , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan ,   On behalf of the U‐BIOPRED Project Team
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEosinophils play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma being implicated in airway epithelial damage and airway wall remodeling. We determined the genes associated with airway remodeling and eosinophilic inflammation in patients with asthma.MethodsWe analyzed the transcriptomic data from bronchial biopsies of 81 patients with moderate‐to‐severe asthma of the U‐BIOPRED cohort. Expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix arrays on total RNA. Transcription binding site analysis used the PRIMA algorithm. Localization of proteins was by immunohistochemistry.ResultsUsing stringent false discovery rate analysis, MMP‐10 and MET were significantly overexpressed in biopsies with high mucosal eosinophils (HE) compared to low mucosal eosinophil (LE) numbers. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed increased expression of MMP‐10 and MET in bronchial epithelial cells and in subepithelial inflammatory and resident cells in asthmatic biopsies. Using less‐stringent conditions (raw P‐value < 0.05, log2 fold change > 0.5), we defined a 73‐gene set characteristic of the HE compared to the LE group. Thirty‐three of 73 genes drove the pathway annotation that included extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, mast cell activation, CC‐chemokine receptor binding, circulating immunoglobulin complex, serine protease inhibitors, and microtubule bundle formation pathways. Genes including MET and MMP10 involved in ECM organization correlated positively with submucosal thickness. Transcription factor binding site analysis identified two transcription factors, ETS‐1 and SOX family proteins, that showed positive correlation with MMP10 and MET expression.ConclusionPathways of airway remodeling and cellular inflammation are associated with submucosal eosinophilia. MET and MMP‐10 likely play an important role in these processes.
Using spectral reflectance to distinguish between tracheal and oesophageal tissue: applications for airway management
Authors: Nawn C. D. , Blackburn M. B. , De Lorenzo R. A. , Ryan K. L. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryProper placement of the tracheal tube requires confirmation, and the predominant method in addition to clinical signs is the presence of end‐tidal carbon dioxide. Such is the importance of confirmation that novel methods may also have a place. We previously demonstrated using ex‐vivo swine tissue a unique spectral reflectance characteristic of tracheal tissue that differs from oesophageal tissue. We hypothesised that this characteristic would be present in living swine tissue and human cadavers. Reflectance spectra in the range 500–650 nm were captured using a customised fibreoptic probe, compact spectrometer and white light source from both the trachea and the oesophagus in anesthetised living swine and in human cadavers. A tracheal detection algorithm using ratio comparisons of reflectance was developed. The existence of the unique tracheal characteristic in both in‐vivo swine and cadaver models was confirmed (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons between tracheal and oesophageal tissue at all target wavelengths in both species). Furthermore, our proposed tracheal detection algorithm exhibited a 100% positive predictive value in both models. This has potential utility for incorporation into airway management devices.
The role of angiogenic factors in the management of preeclampsia
Authors: Flint Emma J. , Cerdeira A. Sofia , Redman Christopher W. , Vatish Manu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPreeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder causing substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In the UK, its diagnosis currently depends upon new onset hypertension and proteinuria. There is a clinical need for enhanced screening to prevent unnecessary resource use and improve outcomes. Here, the current practice in preeclampsia diagnosis will be summarized, with assessment of the evidence that angiogenic factors could improve its management. Although the combination of new onset hypertension and proteinuria define and hence diagnose the disorder, separately they are poorly predictive. Preeclampsia is ultimately a placental disease caused by syncytiotrophoblast dysfunction. The angiogenic factors placental growth factor, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin, all originating at least in part from the syncytiotrophoblast, are biomarkers with predictive potential for preeclampsia and related adverse outcomes. Recent work with the soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1/placental growth factor ratio has identified key measurement cutoffs, with one having a high negative predictive value for preeclampsia. The soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1/placental growth factor ratio seems particularly promising as a screening measure, able to predict accurately the short‐term absence of preeclampsia and suggest the likelihood of adverse events within 4 weeks. The ratio could be used to allocate specific management plans to patients according to risk. An understanding of angiogenic factors may also lead to new therapeutic options for a condition currently only curable by delivery, although it must be remembered that the factors are markers of underlying syncytiotrophoblast stress, which would not be resolved by targeting them.
Increase in tympanostomy tube placements despite pneumococcal vaccination, a population‐based study
Authors: Eythorsson Elias , Sigurdsson Samuel , Erlendsdóttir Helga , Hrafnkelsson Birgir , Kristinsson Karl G. , Haraldsson Ásgeir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to estimate the impact of the 10‐valent pneumococcal vaccine (PHiD‐CV) on tympanostomy tube placements (TTP) in children under five years of age in Iceland.MethodsThis population‐based observational cohort study followed 11 consecutive birth‐cohorts 2005–2015 from birth until their fifth birthday. Population registries were merged using national identification numbers. The risk of TTP was compared between birth‐cohorts adjusted for the number of previous otitis media diagnoses and antimicrobial prescriptions. A Cox regression model was applied and the hazard ratio (HR) of TTP was estimated between each birth‐cohort and the last vaccine non‐eligible birth‐cohort. The vaccine impact of PHiD‐CV10 on TTP was estimated as 1‐HR ×100%.ResultsIn total, 51 247 children were followed for 210 724 person‐years, of which 14 351 underwent 20 373 procedures. The estimated vaccine impact on TTP was −6% (95% CI −16% to 2.7%). Children in the vaccine‐eligible cohorts had fewer previous otitis media diagnoses and had been prescribed fewer antimicrobials prior to the procedure than children in the vaccine non‐eligible cohorts.ConclusionDespite high uptake of PHiD‐CV10, tympanostomy procedures increased in Iceland during the study period. Vaccine‐eligible children had milder disease prior to the procedure. The reason underlying these findings are speculative.
Increased central adiposity and decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 are associated with deterioration in glucose tolerance—A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Crowley Rachel K. , Woods Conor P. , Hughes Beverly A. , Gray Joanna , McCarthy Theresa , Taylor Angela E. , Gathercole Laura L. , Shackleton Cedric H. L. , Crabtree Nicola , Arlt Wiebke , Stewart Paul M. , Tomlinson Jeremy W. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjective and ContextIncreasing adiposity, ageing and tissue‐specific regeneration of cortisol through the activity of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 have been associated with deterioration in glucose tolerance. We undertook a longitudinal, prospective clinical study to determine if alterations in local glucocorticoid metabolism track with changes in glucose tolerance.Design, Patients, and MeasurementsSixty‐five overweight/obese individuals (mean age 50.3 ± 7.3 years) underwent oral glucose tolerance testing, body composition assessment, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy and urinary steroid metabolite analysis annually for up to 5 years. Participants were categorized into those in whom glucose tolerance deteriorated (“deteriorators”) or improved (“improvers”).ResultsDeteriorating glucose tolerance was associated with increasing total and trunk fat mass and increased subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of lipogenic genes. Subcutaneous adipose tissue 11β‐HSD1 gene expression decreased in deteriorators, and at study completion, it was highest in the improvers. There was a significant negative correlation between change in area under the curve glucose and 11β‐HSD1 expression. Global 11β‐HSD1 activity did not change and was not different between deteriorators and improvers at baseline or follow‐up.ConclusionLongitudinal deterioration in metabolic phenotype is not associated with increased 11β‐HSD1 activity, but decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression. These changes may represent a compensatory mechanism to decrease local glucocorticoid exposure in the face of an adverse metabolic phenotype.
Diagnostic impact of reflectance confocal microscopy as a second‐level examination for facial skin lesions
Authors: Ahlgrimm‐Siess Verena , Weitzer Friedrich , Arzberger Edith , Laimer Martin , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackground and objectiveBenign and malignant facial skin lesions may be difficult to differentiate clinically and with dermoscopy. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as a second‐level examination for facial skin neoplasms.Patients and MethodsRetrospective and blinded evaluation of 160 consecutive facial lesions was carried out in two separate steps. Clinical and dermoscopic images were assessed first, followed by combined evaluation of clinical/dermoscopic and RCM images. Our study included 60 % malignant lesions, comprising 43 % melanomas, 9 % basal cell carcinomas, 5 % in situ squamous cell carcinomas and 3 % lymphomas.ResultsAncillary RCM significantly improved diagnostic specificity for the detection of malignancy compared to clinical/dermoscopic evaluation alone (58 % vs 28 %). However, sensitivity was slightly lower for RCM‐based image evaluation (93 % vs 95 %) due to misclassification of one in situ SCC and one lymphoma. In terms of melanoma diagnosis, RCM‐based image evaluation was generally superior; sensitivity was only slightly increased (88 % vs 87 %), but melanoma specificity was significantly higher (84 % vs 58 %).ConclusionRCM is a valuable diagnostic adjunct for facial skin lesions; unnecessary biopsies in this cosmetically sensitive area could be reduced by one third without missing a melanoma.
The role of executive function and social‐emotional skills in the development of literacy and numeracy during preschool: a cross‐lagged longitudinal study
Authors: Wolf Sharon , McCoy Dana Charles 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe majority of evidence on the interplay between academic and non‐academic skills comes from high‐income countries. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional associations between Ghanaian children's executive function, social‐emotional, literacy, and numeracy skills longitudinally. Children (N = 3,862; M age = 5.2 years at time 1) were assessed using direct assessment at three time points over the course of two school years. Controlling for earlier levels of the same skill, early executive function predicted higher subsequent literacy and numeracy skills, and early literacy and numeracy skills predicted higher subsequent executive function, indicating that the development of executive function and academic skills is inter‐related and complementary over time. Early literacy and numeracy predicted subsequent social‐emotional skills, but early social‐emotional skills did not predict subsequent literacy and numeracy skills. The findings provide longitudinal evidence on children's learning and development in West Africa and contribute to a global understanding of the relations between various developmental skills over time.
The road to partnerships in practice: Practical wisdom as an alternative to managerialism in NGO partnerships
Authors: Aagaard Peter , Eberhard Trykker Signe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMotivationThe idea of partnerships in international development originated in the 1970s and was canonized in the rhetoric of the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, but such partnerships have been criticized for their inability to create ownership and capacity changes in practice.PurposeThe article presents a case study of a partnership between a Northern NGO (NNGO) and a Southern NGO (SNGO) that aims to enhance capacity development.Approach and methodsWhile acknowledging the critiques of partnerships, we ask how a praxis‐informed analysis of the SNGO–NNGO partnership might create a basis for capacity development. A case study of an NNGO–SNGO partnership that seeks to enhance capacity development.ResultsWe argue that the potential for capacity development through partnerships can be enhanced by using a pragmatically oriented approach that renders visible power relations and values differences between donors and recipients.ConclusionThe case study has implications for partnerships in practice. As partnerships mature, organizational and strategic complexity increase the need for phronetic praxis, or practical wisdom, rather than just sticking to managerialism. An approach to capacity development that is less power‐blind, and more aware of value differences, could enhance the potential for capacity development.Policy implicationsOur study contributes to the pragmatic tradition in partnerships in development, suggesting that the praxis approach can be a way to enhance and deal with opportunities for capacity development.
Landfill Waste Is a Design Choice: Or, There Is No “Away”
Authors: De Laney Velvette 
Published: January 2019

Designers are nervous about bringing it up, but it turns out that clients, too, are interested in design for sustainability. What are the goals of this conversation, and what are the steps we can take toward having it?Designing for sustainability, and how to have “the talk” with your clients.
PD‐L1, RB1 and mismatch repair protein immunohistochemical expression in neuroendocrine carcinoma, small cell type, of the uterine cervix
Authors: Morgan Sarah , Slodkowska Elzbieta , Parra‐Herran Carlos , Mirkovic Jelena 
Published: January 2019

AimsNeuroendocrine carcinoma, small cell type, of the uterine cervix (SmCC‐Cx) is a rare human papilloma virus (HPV) related tumour with limited therapeutic options. Merkel cell carcinoma, another virus‐associated neuroendocrine malignancy, has significant programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression rates. PD‐L1 expression has been reported in other malignancies of the cervix. We aimed to determine the prevalence of PD‐L1 in the context of mismatch repair protein (MMR) and RB1 expression status in SmCC‐Cx.Methods and resultsTen cases of SmCC‐Cx were tested by immunohistochemistry for expression of PD‐L1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, RB1, CD3, CD20 and for HPV by in‐situ hybridisation (ISH). PD‐L1 expression was scored quantitatively (H‐score) in tumour cells and lymphocytes (tumoral/peritumoral). PD‐L1 positivity was seen in seven cases, focal in most (H‐score range 3–140). Three of nine cases showed MMR deficiency. PD‐L1 expression levels correlated with MMR expression status: all three MLH1/PMS2‐deficient cases had a ≥5% PD‐L1 staining and an H‐score ≥10 (P = 0.01). RB1 was lost in four of nine cases, all PD‐L1 positive, but this correlation was not statistically significant. Seven of nine tumours were positive for HPV‐ISH; two of these had MLH1/PMS2 loss. Of the two HPV‐ISH negative tumours, one had MLS1/PMS2 loss.ConclusionsPD‐L1 expression, predominantly focal, is seen in 70% of SmCC‐Cx, while loss of MMR expression is seen in 33% of SmCC‐Cx in our cohort. PD‐L1 expression in more than 10% of tumour cells is seen in a subset of tumours in association with loss of MMR expression. These patients may be amenable to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy as a promising alternative for this aggressive disease.
Social modeling of exercise inventory: A measure of exercise‐specific social influence
Authors: Morton Lindsay C. , Layton Rebekah L. , Muraven Mark 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBecause social modeling relates to exercise behavior, the Social Modeling of Exercise Inventory (SMExI) was developed to assess this form of social influence. In Study 1a, participants (n = 294) were asked how others help them to exercise regularly. Based on these responses, Study 1b (n = 246) and Study 1c (n = 146) examined the created scale’s factor structure. Study 2a (n = 265) established reliability and validity and examined predictive power toward theoretically relevant variables. Study 2b (n = 123) validated a 7‐day response format. The SMExI demonstrated high reliability and good measurement validity. It was related to other exercise‐specific social influences, predicted the amount to which individuals engaged in regular exercise, and provided incremental validity beyond existing measures of social influence. The SMExI provides a specific instrument that can be used to examine the extent to which social modeling relates to exercise behavior. Limitations and future directions for research and application are discussed.
Self‐stigma among Korean patients with diabetes: A concept analysis
Authors: Seo Kawoun , Song Youngshin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo conduct a concept analysis of self‐stigma among patients with diabetes and introduce an operational definition of self‐stigma.BackgroundDue to fears of being monitored, patients with diabetes often conceal their disease and/or withdraw from social relationships. These behaviours negatively affect patients’ self‐care and socialisation.DesignA concept analysis was conducted using a three‐phase (theoretical phase, fieldwork phase and final analysis phase) hybrid method by Schwartz‐Barcott and Kim (Nursing research methodology: Issues and implementations, 1986, Rockville, MD: Aspen).MethodsDuring the theoretical phase, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL. Using COREQ guidelines, in the fieldwork phase, in‐depth interviews were conducted with nine participants with diabetes. The recorded data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Results from both were included in the analytic phase.ResultsIn the fieldwork phase, nine patients with diabetes (four men and five women; mean age = 57.00 ± 21.93 years) participated in the interview. The mean duration of diabetes was 21.44 ± 12.39 years. The self‐stigma concept included three categories with nine attributes: affective (negative feelings and feeling sorry for others who have concerns about me), cognitive (low self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, perceived weakness, low expectations for the future, worry for children and disease burden) and behavioural factors (social withdrawal and avoiding disease disclosure). The nine attributes included 23 indicators.ConclusionsSelf‐stigma among patients with diabetes is defined as a state in which patients develop negative self‐feelings as they deal with the disease. This can cause diminished self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, as well as a tendency to avoid disclosing the illness along with social withdrawal.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBased on this self‐stigma concept analysis, we clarified the attributes of diabetes self‐stigma and distinguished it from social stigma in nurse professionals during patient education and clinical assessment.
Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict nurse's intention to undertake dual practice in China: A multicentre survey
Authors: Bai Xiaoling , Wang Anni , Plummer Virginia , Lam Louisa , Cross Wendy , Guan Ziyao , Hu Xin , Sun Mei , Tang Siyuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the intention of nurses to dual practice (DP) and inform policymaking in centralised government settings.BackgroundDP is pervasive worldwide but was not permitted in China until 2009, with a primary goal of encouraging nurses from over‐staffed health services to work additional shifts in understaffed settings.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA DP questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour was developed and issued to nurses from three comprehensive public hospitals in 24 units selected by stratified random cluster sampling (n = 526). This study was reported based on STROBE checklist.ResultsThe mean for intention was 3.47 with strongly disagree as one point, neutral as three point and strongly agree as five point in scaling. Nurses with any of these characteristics: female, aged between 40 and 49, married, working more than 15 years, and managers were significantly reluctant to undertake DP. The structural equation model showed that the level of positive attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control could positively predict intention, and attitude had highest effect value. Perceived behavioural control and attitude acted as sequential mediators between subjective norm and intention. Nurses preferred large or private hospitals if conducting DP without restriction from the government.ConclusionsNurses' intention to undertake DP was not strong, which was impacted by attitude, subjective norm, time and energy. Nurses preferred large or private hospitals; therefore, the goal of improving equity by DP in developing countries might be undermined.Relevance to clinical practiceTo encourage DP, attitude and subjective norm are important paths, the latter being the initial step. Reasonable incentives or restrictions, such as specifying regulations on practice place and time limitation, qualifications and legal liability and remuneration are recommended to ensure successful DP implementation from over‐staffed health services to understaffed settings.
Social inclusion among mental health service users: A reliability test of the Mini‐SCOPE Scale
Authors: Tan Chay Huang Sharon , Chiu Yu Lung Marcus , Leong Jern‐yi Joseph , Tan Li Yan Elysia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAim and objectivesTo evaluate the reliability of the Mini‐SCOPE scale through interitem consistency and test–retest consistency, as well as the initial correlation with outcome measures of recovery.BackgroundAdapted from a UK, Social and Communities Opportunities Profile (Mini‐SCOPE) is a short version of an social inclusion measurement for English‐speaking persons in recovery (PIR) in Singapore. Prior concept mapping sets the stage for this reliability study.DesignThis study adopted a nonexperimental, pre‐ and postdesign to validate the psychosocial measurement tool for community services.MethodConvenient sampling was conducted at the various designated clinics. A total of 170 voluntary participants from psychiatric outpatient clinics were recruited for this study. It evaluated the 4‐week interval test–retest reliability of the Mini‐SCOPE. “AGREE” equator checklist was completed to guide the reporting of clinical practice. “See Supporting Information File S1.”ResultOutcome demonstrated that the Mini‐SCOPE scale has good strength of reliability.ConclusionThis study showed that the Mini‐SCOPE measurement has the potential to be used for programme evaluation in mental health settings.Relevance to clinical practiceApplicable to nurses and other mental health professionals to consider the social and wellness aspects of the patients in their care when planning appropriate services.