bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and Pulmonary Function in Apparently Healthy Older Women
Authors: Son Da‐Hye , Yoo Ji‐Won , Cho Mi‐Ra , Lee Yong‐Jae 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the relationship between handgrip strength and pulmonary function.DESIGNCross‐sectional study of a representative sample of older Korean women.SETTINGThe Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling women aged 65 and older without chronic diseases or pulmonary disease (N=605).MEASUREMENTSHandgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer, and pulmonary function was tested according to guidelines of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society using a spirometry system. Impaired pulmonary function was defined as a lower limit of normal (LLN) or less of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for impaired pulmonary function according to handgrip strength quartile were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTSMean FVC and FEV1 gradually increased in accordance with handgrip strength quartiles (all P <.001). After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol ingestion, aerobic physical activity, resistance exercise, household income, and education level the odds of impaired pulmonary function were greater for participants in the first quartile of handgrip strength (≤19.25 kg) than for those in the fourth quartile (25.31–37.30 kg) (FVC LLN: OR=3.46, 95 % CI=1.52–7.88; FEV1 LLN: OR=2.62, 95 % CI=1.12–6.15).CONCLUSIONHandgrip strength was positively associated with pulmonary function in a dose‐dependent manner. Given the health implications of pulmonary function, timely detection of weaker handgrip strength in older people may be useful in assessing potential pulmonary function impairment.
Advancements in Input‐Output Models and Indicators for Consumption‐Based Accounting
Authors: Malik Arunima , McBain Darian , Wiedmann Thomas O. , Lenzen Manfred , Murray Joy 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe use of global, multiregional input‐output (MRIO) analysis for consumption‐based (footprint) accounting has expanded significantly over the last decade. Most of the global studies on environmental and social impacts associated with consumption or embodied in international trade would have been impossible without the rapid development of extended MRIO databases. We present an overview of the developments in the field of MRIO analysis, in particular as applied to consumption‐based environmental and social footprints. We first provide a discussion of research published on various global MRIO databases and the differences between them, before focusing on the virtual laboratory computing infrastructure for potentially making MRIO databases more accessible for collaborative research, and also for supporting greater sectoral and regional detail. We discuss work that includes a broader range of extensions, in particular the inclusion of social indicators in consumption‐based accounting. We conclude by discussing the need for the development of detailed nested MRIO tables for investigating linkages between regions of different countries, and the applications of the rapidly growing field of global MRIO analysis for assessing a country's performance toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Modification of the Sm–Nd isotopic system in garnet induced by retrogressive fluids
Authors: An Shi‐Chao , Li Shu‐Guang , Liu Zhen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGarnet, as a major constitutive mineral of eclogite, is important for Sm–Nd dating of eclogite due to its high Sm/Nd ratio and its stability during retrogression. However, a comprehensive study of the petrography, mineral chemistry, garnet water content, and Sm–Nd isotopic composition of eclogites from the Bixiling massif, Central Dabie Zone (CDZ), reveals significant modification of the Sm–Nd isotopic system in garnet as a result of retrogression. This problem constitutes a challenge for Sm–Nd dating of the Bixiling eclogites, with the Sm–Nd isochron ages of 218 ± 4 to 210 ± 9 Ma reported in the literature being younger than 226 ± 3 Ma, which is the generally accepted peak metamorphic age of the CDZ. Petrographic analysis reveals heterogeneity in colour within single fractured garnet grains. There are light‐pink garnet (Grt‐P) and red garnet (Grt‐R) types that possess distinct chemical compositions. Compared to Grt‐P, Grt‐R has higher Fe and andradrite contents but lower Al and grossular contents. Grt‐P also has lower water contents (15–35 ppm) than Grt‐R (34–65 ppm), which, together with the spatial association between Grt‐R and fractures, suggests that the colour change is related to fluid alteration. Grt‐P is an ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) mineral, and Grt‐R is the product of the interaction between Grt‐P and a fluid during retrogression. Moreover, Grt‐R features lower Sm and Nd contents but higher Sm/Nd ratios than Grt‐P. The Sm–Nd isochrons defined by UHP minerals (Grt‐P+Omp+Rt or Grt‐P+Cpx+WR) from three eclogite samples yield consistent ages of 226.0 ± 3.8 Ma, 225.0 ± 3.9 Ma and 226.2 ± 6.9 Ma, which are identical to the peak metamorphic age of 226 ± 3 Ma for the CDZ. The retrogressed garnet (i.e., Grt‐R), omphacite and rutile, together define a pseudoisochron with younger ages of 218.9 ± 5.9 to 202.8 ± 4.8 Ma, which are geologically meaningless. The increase in the Sm/Nd ratio with constant or lower 143Nd/144Nd ratios during the transformation of Grt‐P to Grt‐R was probably the cause of these younger ages.
Opposing patterns of intraspecific and interspecific differentiation in sex chromosomes and autosomes
Authors: Moran Peter A. , Pascoal Sonia , Cezard Timothee , Risse Judith E. , Ritchie Michael G. , Bailey Nathan W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLinking intraspecific and interspecific divergence is an important challenge in speciation research. X chromosomes are expected to evolve faster than autosomes and disproportionately contribute to reproductive barriers, and comparing genetic variation on X and autosomal markers within and between species can elucidate evolutionary processes that shape genome variation. We performed RADseq on a 16 population transect of two closely related Australian cricket species, Teleogryllus commodus and T. oceanicus, covering allopatry and sympatry. This classic study system for sexual selection provides a rare exception to Haldane's rule, as hybrid females are sterile. We found no evidence of recent introgression, despite the fact that the species coexist in overlapping habitats in the wild and interbreed in the laboratory. Putative X‐linked loci showed greater differentiation between species compared with autosomal loci. However, population differentiation within species was unexpectedly lower on X‐linked markers than autosomal markers, and relative X‐to‐autosomal genetic diversity was inflated above neutral expectations. Populations of both species showed genomic signatures of recent population expansions, but these were not strong enough to account for the inflated X/A diversity. Instead, most of the excess polymorphism on the X could better be explained by sex‐biased processes that increase the relative effective population size of the X, such as interspecific variation in the strength of sexual selection among males. Taken together, the opposing patterns of diversity and differentiation at X versus autosomal loci implicate a greater role for sex‐linked genes in maintaining species boundaries in this system.
A nursing solution to primary care delivery shortfall
Authors: Carter Michael , Moore Phillip , Sublette Nina 
Published: May 2018

Many countries project that they will have difficulty to meet their demand for primary care based on an inadequate supply of primary care doctors. There are many reasons for this, and they tend to vary by country. The policy options available to these countries are to increase the number of local primary care doctors, recruit doctors from other countries, ration primary care, shift more primary care to specialists, or authorize other disciplines to provide primary care. This article examines lessons learned in the United States over the past 50 years and proposes that expanding the use of nurse practitioners is the best solution when measured by feasibility, costs, ethics, and scope of the care delivered. Using nurse practitioners trained in country meets the World Health Organization global code of practice regarding the international recruitment of health personnel.
Ecosystem heterogeneity and diversity mitigate Amazon forest resilience to frequent extreme droughts
Authors: Longo Marcos , Knox Ryan G. , Levine Naomi M. , Alves Luciana F. , Bonal Damien , Camargo Plinio B. , Fitzjarrald David R. , Hayek Matthew N. , Restrepo‐Coupe Natalia , Saleska Scott R. , da Silva Rodrigo , Stark Scott C. , Tapajós Raphael P. , Wiedemann Kenia T. , Zhang Ke , Wofsy Steven C. , Moorcroft Paul R. 
Published: May 2018

Summary

The impact of increases in drought frequency on the Amazon forest's composition, structure and functioning remain uncertain. We used a process‐ and individual‐based ecosystem model (ED2) to quantify the forest's vulnerability to increased drought recurrence.

We generated meteorologically realistic, drier‐than‐observed rainfall scenarios for two Amazon forest sites, Paracou (wetter) and Tapajós (drier), to evaluate the impacts of more frequent droughts on forest biomass, structure and composition.

The wet site was insensitive to the tested scenarios, whereas at the dry site biomass declined when average rainfall reduction exceeded 15%, due to high mortality of large‐sized evergreen trees. Biomass losses persisted when year‐long drought recurrence was shorter than 2–7 yr, depending upon soil texture and leaf phenology.

From the site‐level scenario results, we developed regionally applicable metrics to quantify the Amazon forest's climatological proximity to rainfall regimes likely to cause biomass loss > 20% in 50 yr according to ED2 predictions. Nearly 25% (1.8 million km2) of the Amazon forests could experience frequent droughts and biomass loss if mean annual rainfall or interannual variability changed by 2σ. At least 10% of the high‐emission climate projections (CMIP5/RCP8.5 models) predict critically dry regimes over 25% of the Amazon forest area by 2100.
Biodiversity of the human oral mycobiome in health and disease
Authors: Bandara Herath Mudiyansalage Herath Nihal , Panduwawala Chamila P. , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe organisms that colonize the human body over a lifetime are diverse, extensive and gargantuan. A fair proportion of the microbiota that constitutes this human microbiome live within our oral cavities mostly as harmonious associates causing only sporadic disease. An important core constituent of the microbiome is the mycobiome, representing various fungal genera. Up until recently, only a few species of fungi, mainly Candida species, were thought to constitute the human oral mycobiome. The reasons for this are manifold, although the uncultivable nature of many fungi in conventional laboratory media, and their complex genetic composition seem to be the major factors which eluded their detection over the years. Nevertheless, recent advances in computing and high‐throughput sequencing such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have provided us a panoramic view of a totally new world of fungi that are human oral cohabitués. Their diversity is perplexing, and functionality yet to be deciphered. Here, we provide a glimpse of what is currently known of the oral mycobiome, in health and disease, with some future perspectives.
An incidental finding of an inverted premolar with a dentigerous cyst
Authors: Halai T. , Koshal S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTooth inversion may occur with supplemental or supernumerary teeth and is usually common in the midline. The authors present a case of an inverted non‐supplemental premolar tooth in an adult patient associated with an odontogenic cyst. The inverted premolar was extracted and cyst enucleation was performed uneventfully under general anaesthesia. This case highlights a rare presentation which may occur in conjunction with cystic change.
Multicentric giant cell tumour of the mandible: a clinical rarity
Authors: Konidena A. , Arora S.S. , Nanukuttan G.K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGiant cell tumours of bone (GCT) are benign, locally aggressive tumours affecting the epiphyseal regions of long bones in young adults. These non‐odontogenic tumours rarely present in the oral cavity, either peripherally in soft tissues (gingiva) or centrally (in bone). GCT account for <7% of all benign jaw lesions and may present as aggressive or non‐aggressive clinical forms. Histologically, these lesions are usually composed of mononuclear stromal cells and characteristic multinucleated giant cells that exhibit osteoclastic activity. Multicentricity of GCT of bone is an extreme rarity accounting for <1% of these tumours. The biological behaviour and the clinical presentation (e.g. localisation, age, and gender distribution) of multicentric GCT are different from solitary lesions. As other primary bone lesions may also have a polyostotic presentation, the precise diagnosis relies on correlation of clinical and radiographic findings with confirmation of the diagnosis by histopathologic examination. We encountered one such interesting case in a 12‐year‐old boy, who presented with pedunculated fibrous growth arising from the gingiva in the left mandibular posterior region along with extensive osteolytic lesions of ramus of mandible bilaterally. The workup and management of the case is hereby presented along with relevant review of literature.
Mobilisation second surgery of the tongue following oral floor cancer surgery
Authors: Boffano P. , Brucoli M. , Benech A. , Andreis M. , Machetta G. , Magnano M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSwallowing and speech functions are often impaired after surgical resection of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. In particular, the extent of surgical resection, such as the resected amount of oral floor or tongue, the flexibility of the residual tongue, and the method of reconstruction have been implicated as the primary correlate of postsurgical swallowing and speech impairment in oral cancer patients. The surgical treatment of cancer of the floor of the mouth often implies a reconstruction by pedicled or free flap. A rare complication that can be encountered following such treatment is the attachment of the tongue to the floor of the mouth: it can be considered a sort of complete symptomatic ankyloglossia that leads to speech problems due to limited mobility of the tongue. The aim of this article was to report the management (a secondary dehiscence operation using artificial grafts) of a case of attachment of tongue to the floor of the mouth following the surgical removal of a squamous cell carcinoma of the oral floor with reconstruction by Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap.
Spontaneous regression of a dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mandibular canine: a case report
Authors: Ewbank L. , El‐Nashar R. , Middlefell L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDentigerous cysts are the second most common odontogenic cyst. The most frequently affected teeth are mandibular third molars and the incidence in mandibular canines is significantly less common. The management of dentigerous cysts is usually surgical enucleation, with extraction of the associated tooth if required. Spontaneously regressing dentigerous cysts are uncommon, but have been reported in the literature. However, this is the first reported case of a spontaneously resolving dentigerous cyst affecting an unerupted lower canine. A 12‐year‐old male presented with a retained deciduous canine and an asymptomatic radiolucency associated with an unerupted mandibular canine. This was provisionally diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst based on radiographic appearance. Over a period of 4 years, the cyst regressed without any surgical intervention. A cone beam computed tomogram was taken which confirmed the regression of the cyst and showed that the incisal edge of the canine had perforated the labial cortex of the mandible. This case supports the theory that if an unerupted tooth with an associated dentigerous cyst perforates bone or communicates with the oral cavity then spontaneous decompression and resolution of the cyst can occur.
Skin lesions over the pocket area that may mimic cardiac implantable electronic device infection: A case series
Authors: Korantzopoulos Panagiotis , Plakoutsi Sofia , Florou Elizabeth , Bechlioulis Aris 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe early and correct diagnosis of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections is critical given that early aggressive treatment with complete removal of the system along with antimicrobial therapy dramatically improves outcomes. Pocket infection manifested by local signs of inflammation is the most common form of CIED infections. Conditions mimicking pocket infection have been described in the literature. These include various types of malignancy and rarely allergic reactions/contact dermatitis to pacemaker compounds. We aimed to describe skin lesions and disorders over the pocket area that mimic CIED infection.MethodsWe present a series of five cases with skin lesions that mimic pocket infection. We document these cases with corresponding photographs. Most of them have not been described in this setting.ResultsWe report the following cases of conditions that proved not to be CIED infection: One case of superficial cellulitis, one case of herpes zoster over the pocket area, one case of spontaneous bruising over the pocket a long time after implantation in a patient taking oral anticoagulation, and two cases of contact dermatitis due to prolonged postoperative application of povidone‐iodine. All cases had favorable outcome after conservative treatment and no CIED infection was developed during follow‐up.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of rare conditions that mimic CIED infection. Incorrect diagnosis of these disorders may falsely lead to CIED extraction.
Responses of Primula vulgaris to light quality in the maternal and germination environments
Authors: Marin M. , Blandino C. , Laverack G. , Toorop P. , Powell A.A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana phytochromes mediate dormancy and germination responses to seasonal cues experienced during seed maturation on the maternal plants. However, the effect of the maternal light environment on seed germination in native wild species has not been well studied. This is particularly important given its practical application in the context of environmental restoration, when there can be marked changes in the canopy.

Plants of Primula vulgaris were grown in the field over two vegetative seasons under four shading treatments from low to high ratio of red to far‐red light (R:FR). Leaf and seed traits were assessed in response to the light treatments. The germination of seeds from these four maternal environments (pre‐dispersal) was investigated at seven light and five temperature treatments (post‐dispersal).

Thinner leaves, larger leaf area and greater chlorophyll content were found in plants growing in reduced R:FR. Shading in the maternal environment led to increased seed size and yield, although the conditions experienced by the maternal plants had no effect on seed germination. Seeds responded strongly to the cues experienced in their immediate germination environment. Germination was always enhanced under higher R:FR conditions.

The observed phenotypic trait variation plays a major role in the ability of P. vulgaris to grow in a wide range of light conditions. However, the increased germination capacity in response to a higher R:FR for all maternal environments suggests potential for seedling establishment under vegetative shade only in the presence of canopy gaps.
Meta‐analysis on nutrition studies modulating sea urchin roe growth, colour and taste
Authors: Lourenço Sílvia , Valente Luísa M.P. , Andrade Carlos 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSea urchin roe is highly appreciated worldwide as a gourmet product comparable to caviar. Research in echinoculture mainly focus on the production of high‐quality roe which stands for large golden orange to yellow gonads with a distinct, sweet ocean taste known as uni. The scientific approaches to manipulate roe quality are diverse in terms of targeted species and manipulated factors as nutrition, environmental and husbandry conditions. In this study, a meta‐analysis approach was applied to systematically review the research conducted between 2000 and 2017 aiming to enhance the sea urchin roe quality. The 48 studies selected and analysed here show that those targeting the growth of gonads were successful, independently of the selected species, the rearing system adopted, or the diet or nutrient tested. In contrast, most trials focusing on colour manipulation resulted in roe colour similar to the control group (sea urchins fed with algae). Only six studies aiming to enhance roe taste were selected but described inconclusive results. In conclusion, while the production of large gonads seems easily achievable, the enhancement of its colour and taste is still a challenge.
Reply to the Discussion by John Nott on ‘Coarse‐sand beach ridges at Cowley Beach, north‐eastern Australia: Their formative processes and potential as records of tropical cyclone history’ by Tamura et al. (2018), Sedimentology,65, 721–744
Authors: Tamura Toru , Nicholas William A. , Oliver Thomas S. N. , Brooke Brendan P. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundTamura et al. (2018) refined our understanding of formative processes that have resulted in a series of coarse‐sand beach ridges at Cowley Beach in north‐eastern Australia. Nott (2018) claimed that there are several shortcomings in the findings Tamura et al. (2018) presented. However, his criticism mostly derived from his misunderstanding of the data and discussion presented in Tamura et al. (2018), which thus should be clarified here. This reply also reiterates how his method for estimating the magnitude of past tropical cyclones from beach ridges is inconsistent with our observations of beach morphology and beach‐ridge formative processes.
Changes in C and N fractions with composted manure plus chemical fertilizers applied in apple orchard soil: an in‐situ field incubation study on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Li Z. H. , Ji Q. , Zhao S. X. , Wei B. M. , Wang X. D. , Hussain Q. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigated the effects of compost (CM), made from poultry and cattle manure with spent mushroom substrate, plus chemical fertilizers (CFs) on soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions in silty loam soil of the Loess Plateau. Eight fertilizer practices were applied in a 7‐year‐old ‘Red Fuji’ apple (Malus domesticaBorkh.) orchard for 360 days. Compared toCMalone,CM–CFs decreased slightly soil total organic C but increased total N by 4.3–11.6%. Notably,CM–CFs increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) by 2.7–26.5% and microbial biomass N (MBN) by 7–13.7%. Soil water‐soluble carbon (WSC) was increased by 20.7% and 19.2% when 2%CMplus N and phosphorus (P) (2%M–NP) and 4%CMplus N and P (4%M–NP) were applied, respectively. Whereas 0.5%CMplus N and P (0.5%M–NP) increasedWSCby 9.3% on day 30 but decreased it by 7.2% from 30–360 days. Hot water‐soluble C increased by 13.1–14.6% from 0–180 day, but thereafter, the effect disappeared. Compared toCFs,CM–CFs increasedMBNby 35.1–115.6%, and increased alkali‐hydrolyzable‐N by 3.5–55.8% over 180–360 days of incubation. Additionally,CM–CFs promoted N mineralization, increasingNH4‐N andNO3‐N contents. Based on the changes in C and N fractions and available nutrients, 2%M–NP(45 t/ha ofCMplus 450 kg/ha of N and 157.5 kg/ha of P) may be the optimal fertilizer strategy for stimulating soil microbial growth and activity, and enhancing nutrient cycling for apple growth.