bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of a nail‐biting prevention program among primary school students
Authors: Gür Kamer , Erol Saime , İncir Nursultan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to demonstrate the effect of a program called “Do Not Bite Your Nails, Cut Your Nails,” which is based on a health promotion model to change the nail‐biting habit among primary school students.Design and methodsThis quasi‐experimental study was conducted using the pre‐ and post‐test and interrupted time series design. The study sample included 299 students. Nurse observation form and nail follow‐up chart were used to evaluate behavioral outcomes. This program was conducted under the guidance of school nurses and lasted 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using McNemar and Cochran Q tests.ResultsThe number of those who selected “yes” for “I cut my nails this weekend” and “I didn't bite my nails today” increased. However, the number of the students that selected “yes” for “I pulled out my nails,” “I pulled out and ate,” “I pulled out my nail skin,” “My cuticle bled today,” and “My nails hurt today” decreased significantly and statistically compared with pretest, first and second observation, and post‐test (P < 0.001). The rate of the students with minimum one abnormal finger was 83.9% according to observations, and 6% following the intervention (P < 0.001). New insights were provided into the program to diminish nail‐biting habit.Practice implicationsThe program significantly reduced the nail‐biting rate among primary school students. The nurse that implement this program will be able to do a comprehensive evaluation of students’ nail‐biting habits, perform solution‐focused interventions, and prevent advanced complications that might develop in connection to nail‐biting. Thus, the effectiveness of nursing implementations will improve in the prevention of nail‐biting habit, early diagnosis, and changing students’ habits. “Do Not Bite Your Nails, Cut Your Nails” program can be applied again in different schools.
Switching to tenofovir vs continuing entecavir for hepatitis B virus with partial virologic response to entecavir: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yim H. J. , Kim I. H. , Suh S. J. , Jung Y. K. , Kim J. H. , Seo Y. S. , Yeon J. E. , Kim C. W. , Kwon S. Y. , Park S. H. , Lee M. S. , Um S. H. , Byun K. S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryEntecavir 0.5 mg (ETV) is widely used among treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, 10%‐30% of patients show partial virologic response (PVR) to the drug. If the hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to replicate, the underlying liver disease may progress. Herein, we compared the efficacy of switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with that of continuing ETV in CHB patients with PVR to ETV. This was an open‐label randomized controlled trial including CHB patients who had been receiving 0.5 mg of ETV for >12 months, but who still had detectable HBV DNA levels of >60 IU/mL without known resistance to ETV. Sixty patients were enrolled and 45 qualified for the study: Twenty‐two patients were randomly assigned into the TDF group and 23 into the ETV group. After 12 months of treatment, the virologic response rate (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL) was significantly higher in the TDF group than in the ETV group, as measured using per‐protocol analysis (55% vs 20%; P = .022) and intention‐to‐treat analysis (50% vs 17.4%; P = .020). The reduction in HBV DNA was greater (−1.13 vs −0.67 log10 IU/mL; P = .024), and the mean HBV DNA level was lower (1.54 vs 2.01 log10 IU/mL; P = .011) in the TDF group than in the ETV group. In conclusion, to achieve optimal response in CHB patients with PVR to ETV, switching to TDF would be a better strategy than continuing ETV. Appropriate modification of therapy would further improve the outcome of chronic HBV infection.
Factors influencing above‐ground and soil seed bank vegetation diversity at different scales in a quasi‐Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Chick Matthew P. , Nitschke Craig R. , Cohn Janet S. , Penman Trent D. , York Alan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuestionsAre factors influencing plant diversity in a fire‐prone Mediterranean ecosystem of southeast Australia scale‐dependent?LocationHeathy woodland, Otways region, Victoria, southeast AustraliaMethodsWe measured patterns of above‐ground and soil seed bank vegetation diversity and associated them with climatic, biotic, edaphic, topographic, spatial and disturbance factors at multiple scales (macro to micro) using linear mixed effect and generalized dissimilarity modelling.ResultsAt the macro‐scale, we found species richness above‐ground best described by climatic factors and in the soil seed bank by disturbance factors. At the micro‐scale we found species richness best described above‐ground and in the soil seed bank by disturbance factors, in particular time‐since‐last‐fire. We found variance in macro‐scale β‐diversity (species turnover) best explained above‐ground by climatic and disturbance factors and in the soil seed bank by climatic and biotic factors.ConclusionsRegional climatic gradients interact with edaphic factors and fire disturbance history at small spatial scales to influence species richness and turnover in the studied ecosystem. Current fire management regimes need to incorporate key climatic–disturbance–diversity interactions to maintain floristic diversity in the studied system.
Antisocial features are not predictive of symptom exaggeration in forensic patients
Authors: van Impelen Alfons , Merckelbach Harald , Jelicic Marko , à Campo Joost 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo investigate the predictive value of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and features of ASPD (i.e., lack of remorse, blame externalization, and deceitfulness) for symptom exaggeration.MethodsA sample of forensic psychiatric patients (N = 57) was asked to complete several self‐report instruments (measuring symptom exaggeration, lack of remorse, blame externalization, and offense minimization) and a semi‐structured interview about their most recent offense. To quantify patients’ deceitfulness, the information collected via the semi‐structured interview was checked against the official records of patient's offenses. Additionally, patient's mental disorders and the extent to which patients denied their delinquency were determined by gathering clinician's judgement on this matter from patient records. The relation between symptom exaggeration and the potential predictors of symptom exaggeration was examined through correlational analyses and cross‐tabulation of prevalence rates of symptom exaggeration with prevalence rates of the potential predictors.ResultsAntisocial personality disorder was not a useful predicator of symptom exaggeration. Also, patients who showed little regret for their offenses, or tended to blame their offenses on external factors, or minimized their delinquency, or were inaccurate when reporting their delinquency, had similar levels of symptom exaggeration as those without these tendencies.ConclusionsNeither ASPD nor antisocial traits, including lack of remorse, blame externalization, and deceitfulness, were meaningfully related to symptom exaggeration and therefore should have no place in the assessment of symptom validity or the detection of malingering. On the contrary; focusing on antisocial traits as indicators of symptom exaggeration is likely to result in large portions of misclassifications.
Analysis of occurrence patterns and biological factors of cetaceans based on long‐term and fine‐scale data from platforms of opportunity: Madeira Island as a case study
Authors: Alves Filipe , Ferreira Rita , Fernandes Miguel , Halicka Zofia , Dias Luís , Dinis Ana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractManagement and conservation issues are addressed through the identification of areas of particular importance, which requires the acquisition of baseline information on species distribution and dynamics. These types of data are particularly difficult to obtain at high resolution for large marine vertebrates like cetaceans, given that dedicated surveys are complex and logistically expensive. This study uses daily presence–absence sighting data of cetaceans collected year‐round from whale‐watching boats to support the theory that fine‐scale data obtained from platforms of opportunity can provide valuable information on species occurrence and group dynamics. Data from 7,551 (daily) sightings comprising 22 species were collected from 3,527 surveyed days over 11 years (mean of 321 days per year, SD = 17) in the pelagic environment of Madeira Island. Cetaceans were observed on 92% of the surveyed days, and a mean of 15.4 (SD = 1.5), 8.2 (SD = 2.0) and 2.1 (SD = 1.2) species were recorded per year, month, and day, respectively. There were significant differences in the number of species per month (p < .001), with the highest diversity recorded in June. At least nine species, comprising 96% of all sightings, were found to use the Madeiran waters on a regular basis, such as the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis), the short‐beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and others featured in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Endangered, Vulnerable, and Data Deficient. In addition, 10 species were found to use the Madeiran waters for travelling, feeding, resting, socializing and calving, which suggests that the southern and southeastern waters of Madeira Island constitute an area of interest for cetaceans. This study characterizes the cetaceans’ community structure (occurrence, aggregation sizes, behaviours, proportion of calves, and inter‐specific relationships) of a poorly studied region, providing important information for managers. Finally, the advantages and limitations of using fine‐scale data from a type of platform of opportunity that is increasing along coastlines globally are discussed.
Linaclotide inhibits colonic and urinary bladder hypersensitivity in adult female rats following unpredictable neonatal stress
Authors: Ligon C. , Mohammadi E. , Ge P. , Hannig G. , Higgins C. , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and bladder pain syndrome (BPS) are female‐predominant, chronic functional pain disorders that are associated with early life stress (ELS) and therapeutic options for such patients remain limited. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase‐C (GC‐C) agonist, relieves abdominal pain and bowel symptoms in adult patients suffering from IBS with constipation. Here, we test the hypothesis that linaclotide will reverse colon and bladder hyperalgesia in a female‐specific rodent model of adverse early life experience.MethodsNeonatal rats were exposed to an odor‐attachment learning paradigm of early life stress (ELS). In adulthood, the effect of linaclotide (3 μg kg−1 d−1, p.o.) on colonic and bladder sensitivity was assessed via quantification of the visceromotor response to colorectal distension and the frequency of withdrawal responses to the application of von Frey hairs to the suprapubic region. In another cohort of rats, the effect of linaclotide on ELS‐induced colonic and bladder permeability was investigated via measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER).Key ResultsRats exposed to unpredictable ELS exhibited colonic and bladder hypersensitivity that was significantly reduced by linaclotide compared to vehicle‐treated controls. Colonic and bladder tissue isolated from adult rats exposed to unpredictable ELS exhibited a decrease in colonic and bladder TEER that was reversed by linaclotide.Conclusions and InferencesOur results demonstrate that neonatal rats exposed to unpredictable ELS develop increased sensitivity and permeability of the colon and bladder in adulthood through a mechanism involving activation of peripheral GC‐C signaling.
Below‐ground biotic interactions moderated the postglacial range dynamics of trees
Authors: Pither Jason , Pickles Brian J. , Simard Suzanne W. , Ordonez Alejandro , Williams John W. 
Published: May 2018

Summary

Tree range shifts during geohistorical global change events provide a useful real‐world model for how future changes in forest biomes may proceed. In North America, during the last deglaciation, the distributions of tree taxa varied significantly as regards the rate and direction of their responses for reasons that remain unclear. Local‐scale processes such as establishment, growth, and resilience to environmental stress ultimately influence range dynamics. Despite the fact that interactions between trees and soil biota are known to influence local‐scale processes profoundly, evidence linking below‐ground interactions to distribution dynamics remains scarce.

We evaluated climate velocity and plant traits related to dispersal, environmental tolerance and below‐ground symbioses, as potential predictors of the geohistorical rates of expansion and contraction of the core distributions of tree genera between 16 and 7 ka bp.

The receptivity of host genera towards ectomycorrhizal fungi was strongly supported as a positive predictor of poleward rates of distribution expansion, and seed mass was supported as a negative predictor. Climate velocity gained support as a positive predictor of rates of distribution contraction, but not expansion.

Our findings indicate that understanding how tree distributions, and thus forest ecosystems, respond to climate change requires the simultaneous consideration of traits, biotic interactions and abiotic forcing.
Grandmother's support for new mothers in Japan
Authors: Matsui Rie , Sato Yumi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study was designed to describe grandmothers' intentions regarding providing satisfactory infant care support for new mothers.Design and SampleQualitative inductive analysis was performed using semistructured interviews conducted with 19 pairs of grandmothers and new mothers with one child aged 3–4 months old.ResultsSupport that satisfied the new mothers was categorized into five concepts, which included support activities such as “minding the grandchild” and “supporting family life”. Six reasons were attributed by the new mothers for their satisfaction such as “reduced anxiety toward infant care” and “lifestyle stability including infant care”. The grandmothers' intentions in providing satisfactory infant care support for new mothers were categorized into seven concepts that included “sympathizing with the hardships of motherhood upon seeing the mother's situation” and “balancing the desire to provide support and maintain their own lifestyle”.ConclusionsGrandmothers wanted to help new mothers by supporting and empowering them. Data also showed that grandmothers could potentially benefit from research‐based information on modern infant care practices as well as reliable and up‐to‐date infant care information obtained from within the community. Supporting grandmothers in their role will ultimately benefit infants and new mothers and contribute to grandmothers' personal fulfillment.
The challenge of diagnosing seborrheic keratosis by reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Guo A. , Chen J. , Yang C. , Ding Y. , Zeng Q. , Tan L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeborrheic keratosis (SK) is one of the most common skin tumors seen by dermatologists. It should be differentiated with many diseases, especially skin tumors. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been applied for evaluation ofSK. There are a few studies that describe theRCMofSK. The aim of the study was to find the challenge of diagnosing seborrheic keratosis by reflectance confocal microscopy.MethodsA total of 390 patients with a clinical suspicious diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis were enrolled in this study, and lesions from each patient were imaged withRCM. Thirty‐seven of these patients performed a biopsy in order to be given a histological diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes ofRCMdiagnosis and histological diagnosis, and then found theRCMcharacteristics of biopsy‐proven lesions.ResultsAccording toRCMimages, 258 of 390 (66.2%) patients were diagnosed withSK, 97 of 390 (24.9%) patients could not be diagnosed by the dermatologist according toRCM. Of all 37 biopsied lesions, 23 wereSK, 6 were actinic keratosis, 2 were basal cell carcinoma, and 2 were squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionIt is challenge to diagnose seborrheic keratosis by reflectance confocal microscopy. It may due to the variable clinical andRCMappearances ofSK, and limited depth ofRCM.
The effect of anti‐thymocyte globulin and everolimus on the kinetics of cytomegalovirus viral load in seropositive kidney transplant recipients without prophylaxis
Authors: Basso Geovana , Felipe Claudia Rosso , Cristelli Marina Pontello , Mansur Siliano Juliana , Viana Laila , Ferreira Brigido Alexandra Nicolau , Stopa Martins Suelen Bianca , de Castro Lima Santos Daniel Wagner , Aguiar Wilson Ferreira , Tedesco‐Silva Junior Helio , Medina‐Pestana Jose Osmar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe use of mTOR inhibitors is associated with lower incidence of CMV infections but its effect on viral load has not been investigated.Aims, Materials and MethodsThis post‐hoc analysis included data from 273 CMV seropositive kidney transplant recipients randomized to receive anti‐thymocyte globulin and everolimus (rAGT/TAC/EVR, n = 81), basiliximab and everolimus (BAS/TAC/EVR, n = 97) or basiliximab and mycophenolate (BAS/TAC/MPS, n = 95). All patients received tacrolimus (TAC) and corticosteroids. Preemptive CMV therapy based on weekly pp65 antigenemia test was used during the first 6 months. Blinded weekly CMV DNAemia was compared among the groups.ResultsThe proportion of patients with undetectable CMV DNAemia (23.4% vs 56.7% vs 22.1%, P < .001) was higher in the BAS/TAC/EVR. The median number of study visits with positive CMV DNAemia (2.0 vs 0.0 vs 4.6, rATG/EVR vs BAS/MPS, P = .354; BAS/EVR vs BAS/MPS, P < .0001; rATG/EVR vs BAS/EVR, P < .001) were lower in the BAS/TAC/EVR. The proportion of patients with positive CMV DNAemia who were not treat for CMV infection/disease based on pp65 antigenemia was higher in rATG/TAC/EVR group (74.1% vs 36.1% vs 44.2%, P < .001) but mean CMV DNAemia was comparable to BAS/TAC/EVR and lower than BAS/TAC/MPS (8536 ± 15 899 vs 7975 ± 17 935 vs 16 965 ± 37 694 copies/mL, P < .05), respectively. The proportion of patients with CMV DNAemia below 5000 copies/mL was higher in patients receiving EVR (74.1% vs 83.5% vs 50.0%, P = .000), respectively.Discussion and ConclusionThese data suggest that mTOR inhibitors reduce the incidence of CMV infection by limiting CMV viral replication.
Severe hematuria in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum not by BK virus or adenovirus infection
Authors: Choi Gwang‐Jun , Kim Sun‐Ja , Kang Ji‐Man , Choi Sae Rom , Yoo Keon Hee , Kim Yae‐Jean 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 17‐year‐old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed severe hematuria and scrotal swelling after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Urine culture was negative. BK virus and adenovirus were negative. However, Ureaplasma urealyticum was detected. He showed dramatic improvement after doxycycline treatment. This is the first report in the literature of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by U. urealyticum in a HCT recipient. In HCT recipients with hemorrhagic cystitis, U. urealyticum should be considered as a potential cause.
Seeing Patterns in Randomness: A Computational Model of Surprise
Authors: Maguire Phil , Moser Philippe , Maguire Rebecca , Keane Mark T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile seemingly a ubiquitous cognitive process, the precise definition and function of surprise remains elusive. Surprise is often conceptualized as being related to improbability or to contrasts with higher probability expectations. In contrast to this probabilistic view, we argue that surprising observations are those that undermine an existing model, implying an alternative causal origin. Surprises are not merely improbable events; instead, they indicate a breakdown in the model being used to quantify probability. We suggest that the heuristic people rely on to detect such anomalous events is randomness deficiency. Specifically, people experience surprise when they identify patterns where their model implies there should only be random noise. Using algorithmic information theory, we present a novel computational theory which formalizes this notion of surprise as randomness deficiency. We also present empirical evidence that people respond to randomness deficiency in their environment and use it to adjust their beliefs about the causal origins of events. The connection between this pattern‐detection view of surprise and the literature on learning and interestingness is discussed.
SCFSNIPER4 controls the turnover of two redundant TRAF proteins in plant immunity
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Zhu Chipan , Li Xin 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn mammals, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factors (TRAFs) are signaling adaptors that regulate diverse physiological processes, including immunity and stress responses. In Arabidopsis, MUSE13 and MUSE14 are redundant TRAF proteins serving as adaptors in the SCFCRP1 complex to facilitate the turnover of nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeats (NLR) immune receptors. Degradation of MUSE13 is inhibited by proteasome inhibitor, suggesting that the MUSE13 stability is controlled by the 26S proteasome. However, the E3 ligase that regulates MUSE13 level is unknown. Here we report the identification of an F‐box protein, SNIPER4 that regulates the turnover of MUSE13 and MUSE14. Protein levels of MUSE13 and MUSE14 are reduced by SNIPER4 overexpression, while higher accumulation of MUSE13 and MUSE14 is observed when dominant‐negative SNIPER4 is expressed. Furthermore, SNIPER4 associates with MUSE13 or MUSE14. Taken together, the SCFSNIPER4 complex controls the turnover of TRAF proteins for an optimum immune output.
Evaluation of microbial contamination of canine plasma eyedropper bottles following clinical use in canine patients
Authors: Strauss Rachel A. , Genschel Ulrike , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Sebbag Lionel , Ben‐Shlomo Gil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate microbial contamination of canine plasma eye drops when used clinically and to compare the effect of two different eyedropper bottles on contamination rate.MethodsForty‐six bottles containing plasma were randomly dispensed for use on 42 dogs with ulcerative keratitis. Of these, 23 were standard eyedropper bottles and 23 were Novelia® bottles designed to prevent contamination. After use for up to 2 weeks, samples for bacterial culture were obtained from a drop of plasma, the bottle tip, the plasma inside the bottle, and the corneal surface. Fungal culture was performed from a drop of plasma.ResultsThe overall microbial contamination rate was 17.4% (8/46 bottles); however, only one bottle had growth from the plasma inside the bottle. There was a lower contamination rate of Novelia® bottles (3/23 = 13.0%) compared to standard bottles (5/23 = 21.7%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .57). There were also no significant differences in contamination rate of bottles used greater than 7 days compared to less than or equal to 7 days, or in bottles used greater than 4 times daily compared to 4 times daily or less. Three corneal samples (6.5%) had bacterial growth, but none matched contamination from the bottles.ConclusionsNovelia® bottles may decrease contamination of plasma eye drops used clinically. However, while microbial contamination of plasma bottles was documented, no clinically relevant complications were observed. This study supports safe use of plasma eye drops for up to 2 weeks when refrigerated and dispensed from either Novelia® or standard eyedropper bottles.