bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longissimus from Berkshire pigs in a small-scale supply chain have increased oxidative metabolism, tenderness and water-holding capacity, compared with Large White × Landrace pigs in a modern commercial supply chain
Authors: LeMaster Michelle Nicole , D’Souza Darryl Nicholas , Hewitt Robert John Edward , Chauhan Surinder Singh , Ha Minh , Leon Batt Linton George , Dunshea Frank Rowland , Warner Robyn Dorothy 
Published: November 2024

Context Selection for leanness in the modern Australian pig has resulted in inconsistent quality, including a lack of pork tenderisation during ageing. Inconsistent quality is potentially a result of differences in supply chain and breed as well as the variation in muscle fibre-type proportion in pork longissimus. Aim The aim was to investigate differences in fibre-type proportion and pork quality between Large White-Landrace pigs in a large supply chain and Berkshire pigs processed in a small supply chain. Methods Pigs (n = 22) from two suppliers with different breeds (Supplier 1, Large White × Landrace, SC1-LWLR, n = 12, modern commercial pigs; Supplier 2, Berkshire, SC2-Berk, n = 10, heritage pigs) were slaughtered and samples from the longissimus were extracted at 3, 24, and 48 h postmortem for enzyme and pH analyses. Longissimus samples were subjected to ageing for either 2 or 16 days postmortem (Day 2, Day 16), assessed for colour, muscle fibre-type proportion (%), muscle fibre diameter (μm), water-holding capacity (purge, % and cook loss, %), Warner–Bratzler peak shear force (WBSF, N), and protein denaturation temperature using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, peak temperature, °C). Key results SC1-LWLR had higher purge than SC2-Berk (2.85% and 1.83% respectively; standard error of the difference (SED) = 0.33; P = 0.003), higher cook loss on Day 16 (24.63% and 16.79% respectively; SED = 1.62; P = 0.017) and higher WBSF on Day 2 and Day 16 (Day 2, 30.9 N and 26.7 N respectively; Day 16, 28.6 N and 22.0 N respectively; SED = 0.98, interaction P = 0.003). SC1-LWLR had a lower proportion of Type I (10.1% vs 16.0%; SED = 0.51) and Type IIA (14.0% vs 22.0%; SED = 0.77) and a higher proportion of Type IIB (75.9% vs 62.0%; SED = 0.74) (P < 0.001 for all) fibres. SC1-LWLR had lower DSC temperatures for two peaks. SC2-Berk had higher citrate synthase activity (P = 0.003) and glycolytic potential (P < 0.001) than SC1-LWLR. Conclusions SC2-Berk longissimus had improved quality compared with SC1-LWLR pork, most likely owing, in part, to higher proportion of oxidative and intermediate fibres in the Berkshires. However, effects of differences in environmental conditions and/or processing conditions cannot be ruled out. Implications The experiment increased our understanding of how variation in supply chains and muscle fibre-type proportion can impact the production of consistently high-quality pork.
Effects of Italian ryegrass desiccation timing on corn performance: is growth inhibition due to the release of plant allelochemicals or nitrogen immobilization?
Authors: Marchese José A. , Trezzi Michelangelo M. , Scariotto Silvia , Pagnoncelli Fortunato B. , Brusamarello Antonio P. , Salomão Helis M. , Sartor Laércio R. , Oldoni Tatiane L. C. , Rogers Craig D. , Talamini Marcus V. 
Published: November 2024

Context There is no consensus between farmers and researchers about timing for ryegrass desiccation before corn sowing, considering interactions between ryegrass straw, nitrogen immobilization, and allelochemical release impacting corn growth. Aims This study aims to assess the effects of different desiccation timings of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and nitrogen management on corn. We sought to elucidate whether corn growth inhibition is attributable to allelochemical release or nitrogen immobilization. Methods A two-year field factorial experiment was conducted, with Factor A comprising fallow and three ryegrass desiccation timings before corn sowing, and Factor B involving two nitrogen fertilization methods to evaluate N immobilization. Laboratory experiments assessed allelopathic properties using a 3 (desiccation periods) × 5 (ryegrass extract concentrations) factorial design. Assessments included corn (Zea mays) germination, seedling radicle and coleoptile length, and germination speed. Results Ryegrass desiccation timing of less than 20 days before corn sowing reduced corn stature at the beginning of development and grain yield, due to nitrogen immobilization and allelopathic influences possibly exercised by caffeic acid and epicatechin present in roots and shoots, released as residues decomposed. Non-desiccated ryegrass aqueous extracts reduced germination speed and germinability. Root/shoot extracts reduced seedling elongation. Desiccated aqueous extracts at 15 and 30 days before corn sowing didn’t present inhibitory effects. Conclusion Nitrogen enhances corn growth regardless of ryegrass influence, under these experimental conditions. Ryegrass desiccation timing affects corn yield; and delaying corn sowing post-desiccation mitigates losses. Ryegrass extracts inhibit corn germination and viability, regardless of concentration, possibly due to phytotoxic compounds.
Fabrication and experimental investigations on mechanical properties of stir cast aluminum MMC with the addition of ash
Authors: Kumar Gupta Pankaj , Verma Mayank , Bajpai Tapas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aluminium alloys are lightweight and high strength materials which are extensively used in engineering applications. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) based on aluminium have significantly increased in the field of newer materials for high-performance mechanical uses. Aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) are more involved in mining, aerospace, marine, and automobile applications. Aluminium liquid casting is typically used to treat metal matrix for composites. Such casting is carried out using the liquid casting method. In this article, using the stir casting technique, an effort has been made to create a metal matrix composite by choosing aluminium (Al6061) as matrix material and silicon carbide, cow dung and buffalo dung ash as reinforcement. This ash is biodegradable in nature. Four types of samples were prepared from this composite for all the tests which were named S1, S2, S3, and S4, with Al6061 as 100%, 84%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. Four mechanical properties, i.e., micro hardness, density, tensile strength and compressive strength, were investigated and the effect of hybrid ash was studied. Maximum density, microhardness, tensile strength and compressive strength were achieved for sample S2 due to the highest percentage of silicon carbide and the lowest percentage of hybrid ash. Addition of ash proved good alternative as a sustainable reinforcement.
Parametric analysis on the sulfone adsorption of using iron impregnated bentonite
Authors: Alcaraz M G T , Choi A E S , Dugos N P , Wan M W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sulfur left in liquid fuel is oxidized during combustion and released into the atmosphere, contributing to the worsening of global warming. To address this, oil refineries make use of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to reduce sulfur content in the fuel. Alternatives to HDS are being studied due to its extreme operating conditions. An alternative for treating sulfur in fuel is oxidative desulfurization, which converts sulfur to sulfones and can be extracted using adsorption methods. This study focuses on the use of bentonite modified with Fe3+ to improve its adsorptive performance for removing dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO) in model oil. The prepared Fe3+-bentonite adsorbents resulted in lower removal of sulfur compared to raw bentonite. This is due to Fe3+ being a hard acid, thus lowering the affinity of bentonite in adsorbing DBTO, which is a soft base. Three parameters were varied in this study, namely adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Results showed that DBTO removal increased with adsorption time as the DBTO molecules occupy more adsorption sites. Increasing adsorbent dosage also increases sulfur removal as it introduces more reaction sites for DBTO removal. The DBTO and bentonite system was also found to be endothermic as desulfurization increased with the temperature rise. With the data collected in this study, it is recommended to explore the possible upscaling of adsorptive desulfurization.
Preparation of activated biochar from durian shells for the extraction of phytohormones from waste coconut water via adsorption
Authors: Paranaque Julienne Eris L. , Detras Monet Concepcion M. , Alfafara Catalino G. , Migo Veronica P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The demand for activated carbon increases due to its effectiveness in wastewater treatment and other soil applications. However, its growing demand in the market resulted to higher price, thus, this study aimed to develop a cheaper alternative. The use of agricultural waste for biochar production has been the focus of several studies nowadays. Aside from the cheaper cost of the feedstock and the process, the problem on waste generation in the country will be lessened. In this study, activated biochar derived from Durian (Durio zibethinus) shells was prepared as adsorbent for the extraction of phytohormones from waste coconut water. Phytohormones or plant hormones are all-natural substitute to synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) used for different tissue culture practices in the country. Chemical activation conditions (alkali-to-raw biochar ratio and holding time) were determined to maximize phytohormone adsorption efficiency of the activated biochar. The activation of the durian shell-derived biochar was done using potassium hydroxide as chemical activating agent. Factors such as KOH-biochar ratio (high level: 5:1 (w/w), low level: 1:1 (w/w) ) and carbonization holding time (high level: 90 mins, low level: 45 mins) were applied to test its significance on the activation of durian shell biochar with percent phytohormones removal from waste coconut water as a response. The parametric study showed that KOH-biochar ratio as a main effect was significant and its interaction with holding time was also significant. This result will be used in the ongoing study to produce optimized activated biochar and will be used for batch and column adsorption. The prepared durian shell activated biochar will then be used for the extraction of phytohormones from waste coconut water via adsorption.
Optimization study for chemical activation of biochar derived from sugarcane bagasse for maximum phytohormone adsorption from waste coconut water
Authors: Castillo Katrina Joy T. , Detras Monet Concepcion M. , Alfafara Catalino G. , Migo Veronica P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Improper treatment and disposal of sugarcane bagasse (SB) in farms and sugar industries can lead to environmental and health concerns. Instead of burning these wastes, bagasse can be utilized for biochar production which can be applied as adsorbents. Additionally, studies reported that the performance of biochar adsorbents can be improved by activation. Hence, this study aimed to optimize the chemical activation conditions of biochar from SB for maximum adsorption of phytohormones from waste coconut water (WCW). Pretreated SB was first converted into biochar though pyrolysis and was chemically activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Response Surface Methodology was used to determine the optimum activation conditions to maximize phytohormone adsorption efficiency. Factors considered were KOH-biochar ratio (1:1 to 5:1 g/g) and carbonization holding time (45 to 90 minutes). Analysis of Variance showed that the adsorption efficiency of activated biochar is significantly affected by KOH-biochar ratio. Increasing the ratio created cavities on the surface which serve as adsorption sites; however, further increase in ratio resulted in pore degradation lowering the adsorption performance of activated biochar. Conversely, carbonization holding time did not have significant effect on the response for the range of factors considered. The optimum conditions which were 3.18:1 KOH-biochar ratio and 65.64 minutes holding time resulted to ~82.14% actual phytohormone adsorption efficiency. The characteristics of the optimized activated biochar (SBAB) were then compared with that of the unmodified biochar (SBB) in terms of morphology, surface elemental composition, functional groups, adsorption efficiency, average particle size, and bulk density. The SBAB produced can be applied in further studies focusing on the adsorption of phytohormones from WCW and desorption from the adsorbent to isolate them. Results of this study can also provide a sustainable solution in minimizing the disposal of sugarcane bagasse and waste coconut water while increasing their economic returns and environmental benefits.
Valorization and investigation of volcanic ash as an aggregate building brick component
Authors: Daranciang Erish T. , Tria Kenneth B. , Santos Elizabeth O. , Rodriguez Ner C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The devastating series of Taal volcanic eruptions from 2020 to 2022 covered several locations in the Philippines under a thick layer of ashes, destroying properties and halting business operations. In response, the Biñan City Government in Laguna, Philippines, proposed the development of eco-friendly bricks by leveraging the pervasive amounts of spewed volcanic ash as part of its solid waste management program. The materials recovery facility of the city produced several brick blends of combined Taal volcanic ash, cement mortar, and plastic waste materials. This study investigates the potential of Taal volcanic ash as an aggregate building brick component by measuring the compressive strength of the formulated bricks. With different blends of aggregate components, the bricks were tested for their durability based on the ASTM C67/C67M-20 standard after curing between 15 to 30 days. Per the ASTM C62-17 standard, all brick blends that were cured for 30 days including those with volcanic ash and plastic waste as aggregate components fall under the negligible weathering grade. This indicates that these bricks will be durable in building and structural applications where the average compressive strength requirement for bricks is at least 10.3 MPa. A regression model was also fitted with an adjusted r
2 value of 0.9413 and a p-value of < 2.2 × 10−16 using the experimental data.
Adsorption of phytohormones from waste coconut water using surface-activated biochar derived from cacao pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Banzuela Jude Martin A , Detras Monet Concepcion M , Magboo Mart Merwin C , Alfafara Catalino G , Migo Veronica P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The study investigated the potential of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk as feedstock for the production of activated biochar. The activated cacao pod husk biochar is to be used for the extraction of phytohormones present in coconut water. Cacao pod husk was dried, milled, sieved, and pyrolyzed at 500°C for 1 hour. The resulting raw biochar was then activated using ZnCl2. The chemical activation process was optimized by employing Central Composite Design with ZnCl2-biochar ratio and holding time as factors. The response was the phytohormone removal/adsorption efficiency from the coconut water. The goal of the optimization was to maximize phytohormone extraction performance. The low and high levels for ZnCl2-biochar ratio were 1:1 (w/w) and 5:1 (w/w), respectively. For the holding time, these were set at 30 minutes and 90 minutes, respectively. The optimum chemical activation conditions for phytohormone extraction performance were at 3.1:1 zinc chloride-biochar ratio and 30 minutes holding time. The predicted phytohormone adsorption (extraction efficiency) was 96.0%. Experimental verification of optimum conditions is ongoing. The results demonstrated that surface-activated biochar derived from cacao pod husk is an effective adsorbent for the extraction of phytohormones from waste coconut water. This approach not only helps mitigate the negative environmental impacts associated with waste disposal in the chocolate and coconut oil industries but also provides an opportunity to create value-added products from these resources, contributing to sustainability efforts.
Effect of Reaction Time and Solvent Ratio on the Acetylation of Isolated Cellulose Fiber from Tropical Water Hyacinth
Authors: Tilendo AC , Filipinas JQ , Marohomsalic KMA , Edres SA , Ginco LV , Villame Jr AB 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Isolated cellulose fibers from water hyacinth were used to create cellulose acetate (CA) polymers. The cellulose was acetylated using an acetic acid and acetic anhydride reaction, with sulfuric acid acting as the catalyst. The degree of substitution (DS) of synthetic CA was examined, along with the effects of acetylation time and solvent ratio. The study indicated that the appropriate DS for CA was found to be 2.47 and the matching ideal operating parameters included a reaction duration of 16 hours, and a ratio of 4:1 between acetic acid and acetic anhydride at temperature of 50°C. The results of the study showed that the cellulose isolated from water hyacinth was successfully acetylated, which was supported by the existence of distinct peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. This suggests that the process of acetylating the isolated cellulose fibers is a straight-forward process that can be employed to create a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly CA. This CA has the potential to cost-effectively and sustainably replace expensive raw materials derived from fossil fuels in the polymer industry.
Removal of Bunker Oil in Contaminated Seawater Using Biochar from Chicken Bones Via Slow Pyrolysis
Authors: Decembrano K M , Hamor M A K , Sison D , Binay J , Roque E , Rubi R V , Olay J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An oil spill is the unintended or deliberate release of petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment, particularly the marine ecosystem. The disseminated oil can either evaporate or form a surface slick, disperse in the water, or submerge and deposit in the sediments. One of the standard methods is the use of sorbents. Pyrolysis is one of the simplest methods for converting biomass, and it involves heating organic material in the absence of oxygen. The natural polymeric ingredients of the process are bio-oil (condensable vapours), char (solid fraction), and non-condensable gases. Chicken bones were used to produce biochar via slow pyrolysis at varying operating temperature (400°C, 450°C and 500°C) and residence time (45min, 60min and 75min) to acquire the Chicken Bones Biochar (CBB). The CBB was used to obtain Chicken Bones Activated Biochar (CBAB) after it was subjected to KOH Activation Process. For the yield obtained, the lowest temperature and shorter residence time acquired the highest yield for both CBB and CBAB. The characterization of the products was carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The products were evaluated after it was subjected to a bunker oil contaminated seawater and the adsorption capacity was determined with varying contact time (40min, 50min and 60min). A high absorbance of the CBB and CBAB indicated the feasibility of the chicken bone as an adsorbent material.
Ranking Energy Storage Technologies Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and VIKOR
Authors: Cruzat Ron David M. , Fojas Jerico R. , Villena Ernest Andre S. , Uy Marcus O. , Ortenero Joseph R. , Tan Raymond R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to increasing global average temperatures, it is imperative to increase investment in renewable energy and energy storage technologies to reduce the negative impact to the environment. As such, improvements associated with renewable energy intermittency and variability is a priority. One solution is through the use of energy storage technologies (ESTs) to improve the reliability and stability of power supplies. ESTs come in various selections, each with its own application and attributes. Since no EST is universally applicable, utilization of MADM methods helps in narrowing selected technologies in a specific application. In this study, a hybrid AHP and VIKOR method is utilized for stationary power applications. AHP is used for determining weights associated with each EST attribute from surveyed experts in academe and industry. The attributes efficiency and cycle life obtained the highest weights of 0.2384 and 0.2322 respectively. VIKOR is used in ranking ESTs based on available data gathered. Supercapacitor is ranked as best alternative due to its cycle efficiency, storage lifetime, power capacity, and power density. Subsequent rankings are flywheel, pumped-hydro, and lithium-ion battery. Technology readiness level and specific application details could be incorporated in further studies to improve ranking. This study demonstrates the potential of hybrid AHP-VIKOR in guiding researchers and decision makers select the appropriate EST given competing performance in different criteria.
Sulfur oxidation of ferrate synthesized from sludge in the aspect of desulfurization: A parametric study
Authors: Haboc M M , Dugos N P , Choi A E S , Wan M W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The emission of sulfur in the atmosphere poses a significant threat to human health and the environment. To address this issue, stringent regulations have been implemented to limit the sulfur content in diesel, and novel desulfurization technologies are being developed. One notable technology is oxidative desulfurization (ODS), which employs oxidants to transform sulfur compounds into their corresponding sulfones, which are relatively easier to recover. The application of high-shear mixing in ODS has been studied to increase sulfur-to-sulfone conversion by creating smaller droplets and reducing mass transfer resistance. This research investigates the application of potassium ferrate derived from drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS), in the mixing-assisted oxidative desulfurization (MAOD) of a dibenzothiophene (DBT) model fuel. Potassium ferrate was synthesized using the wet oxidation method. The study evaluated the effects of ferrate concentration (400 to 600 ppm), agitation speed (4,400 to 10,800 rpm), and temperature (40 to 60 °C) on the efficiency of DBT conversion. The results revealed that 493.2 ppm DBT conversion was achieved at 550 ppm Fe(VI) concentration, 7,600 rpm agitation speed, and 50 °C temperature. Notably, increasing Fe(VI) concentration, agitation speed, and temperature had significant effects on sulfur reduction. This study demonstrates the potential of using potassium ferrate derived from DWTS in MAOD for effective desulfurization and discusses insights into the effects of operating conditions to enhance desulfurization efficiency. Ultimately, the study contributes to the development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective desulfurization technologies.