bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kalimba Inspired Metastructure for Frequency Selectivity
Authors: Gosavi Hrishikesh , James Evelyn , Cole Rachel , Malladi Vijaya V. N. Sriram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the frequency selectivity phenomenon in the mammalian cochlea is replicated in a simulated environment. Frequency selectivity is found to be of crucial importance in the accurate perception of environmental noise. Previous studies have found that mammalian cochlea consists of basilar membrane which varies in width and stiffness along its length. This results in a gradient in mechanical properties and in turn results in a place-coding mechanism, where different frequencies of sound cause maximum displacement of the basilar membrane at specific locations along its length. The basilar membrane consists of multiple hair cells located along its length. The displacement of the basilar membrane due to sound waves causes hair cells to bend. This bending of hair cells activates ion channels, leading to the generation of electrical signals. Leveraging the principles of cochlear processing, a Kalimba-key-based broadband vibroacoustic device is developed in this study having potential implications for sensory technology and human perception enhancement. Dynamic vibration resonators (DVRs) are employed in this research to emulate the frequency-selective behavior of the mammalian cochlea where the DVRs act as hair cells. A beam structure, acting as a platform for 136 strategically placed DVRs, each corresponding to a Kalimba instrument key is considered. Upon stimulation, these Kalimba keys replicate the vibrations of the cochlear basilar membrane, enabling the recreation of frequency selectivity across a broad spectrum. To simulate the system, a Timoshenko beam is considered to consist of spatially attached Kalimba keys modeled as a Single-Degree Of Freedom (SDOF) systems. A Finite Element (FE) model of this system is developed to calculate the response of the system. Frequency selectivity for different combinations of Kalimba keys is explored in this study. This study shows promising results having potential implications extending beyond healthcare, encompassing fields such as robotics where the integration of biological cochlear principles could enhance robots’ sensory perception and interaction capabilities in diverse environments.
Towards Complex Shape Actuation: An Investigation of Local and Global Magnetoactive Gradients in 3D-Printed Multi-Stimuli Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Composites
Authors: Zamani Mohammad Hossein , Strobel Daniel Raymond , Ounaies Zoubeida 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this research, we investigate multi-stimuli responsive multimaterial structures by combining shape memory polymers (SMPs) with magnetoactive fillers. Our objective is to design 3D-printed composites with local and global magnetoactive filler gradients, which exhibit complex shape actuation under magnetic and thermal fields. We first carry out a rheological study of SMP dispersions containing surface-treated magnetic particles to understand the effect of magnetic particle surface treatment, additives content, and shear rate on the complex flow behavior. Our findings reveal that dispersions filled with surface-treated magnetic particles exhibit enhanced shear thinning behavior and shape integrity compared to unfunctionalized dispersions. The improved rheological behavior and shape integrity are important results that indicate that PEG-functionalized SMP composites are promising candidates for direct ink printing. To create complex actuation, a 3D printing system is designed in a way that the magnetic particle-SMP dispersions are oriented using both shear and an external magnetic field, enabling a local angular gradient of magnetic particles. In addition, a global gradient is designed-in by varying the volume fraction of magnetic particles in the SMP suspensions. By adjusting the local and global gradients of magnetic particles within the SMP, different actuation patterns can be achieved. SEM analysis confirms the presence of the global gradient in iron oxide particles and their alignment along the magnetic field direction post-printing. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) studies reveal an improved mass magnetization along the length of the printed samples, moving away from the printing origin. In addition, the iron oxide weight percent in the samples increases from 2.5 wt.% at the printing origin to 12.5wt.% at the end, creating a pronounced Fe3O4 global gradient. These findings contribute to the development of advanced stimuli-responsive materials with tunable properties for various applications where complex shape actuation is required, including soft robotics, and biomedical devices.
Development of a Continuous Cable Tensegrity
Authors: Brown Austin R. , Swain Caleb C. , Usevitch Nathan S. , Hill Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In preparation for the development of a “two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D)” tensegrity system formed by wrapping a network of 2D tensegrity structures around the surface of the arm, we have built a computer model and designed novel connectors. Our computer model is based on optimization techniques that solve for the position of each node while minimizing the energy of the system. It also allows for a single, continuous cable to pass through multiple nodes, something which current models do not allow. For the prototypes of our 2.5D system, we experimented on novel connectors 3D printed out of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a flexible material. These connectors allow the nodes of the bars and cables to be attached to a central point and move within reasonable degrees of rotation with only small moments being applied. We have experimented with the torque the TPU nodes apply to the rods to see how close these nodes are to ideal pin joints. In this paper, we delve into our method for algorithmically solving tensegrity systems with cables passed through multiple nodes and the optimization used to solve the resultant equations. We also discuss the techniques used to validate the model through additive manufacturing and experimentation on our desired tensegrity systems.
Experimental Investigation Into Particle Dynamics Induced by Steady-State Structure-Borne Traveling Waves
Authors: Rogers William C. , De Silva W. Ushara O. , Albakri Mohammad I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Structural wave propulsion is found in nature as a mode of locomotion both on land and in the sea. Wave-driven motion has been investigated as a method of propelling nature-inspired robots as well as transporting materials in manufacturing systems. Among the different ways to generate steady-state structure-borne traveling waves (SBTW), the two-mode excitation has been gaining more attention due to its flexibility and robustness. Two-mode excitation generates a traveling wave by exciting a complex operating deflection shape (ODS) and tuning the complexity to produce a pure traveling wave. This complex ODS is generated by exciting with two actuators at the same frequency but with a phase offset. Each actuator generates a standing wave which results from real ODS. The phase offset between these ODS introduces the complexity to the overall waveform and is tuned to produce steady-state SBTW in a finite structure. In SBTW generated using two-mode excitation, the frequency will determine the dominant modes in the wave and the shape of the active area on the plate’s surface, while the phase offset primarily influences the quality of the SBTW. Unlike active sink techniques, a control effort is not required for the generation of SBTW with the two-mode excitation, allowing for the control effort to be entirely focused on particle motion. This makes the technique well-suited for particle motion applications. While SBTW generated by two-mode excitation has shown promise for wave-driven propulsion of the structure itself, particle motion driven by such waves has yet to be examined.
This paper experimentally investigates wave-driven particle motion, focusing on tracking particle dynamics and correlating it to the velocity field of 2D SBTW. For this purpose, an experimental setup that utilizes GoPro cameras is developed and integrated with real-time image processing techniques. The developed setup is capable of monitoring a particle moving on an excited plate, tracking its trajectory, and calculating approximate velocities and accelerations. The study employs a range of techniques for particle tracking that are applied using Python’s OpenCV library. Color space conversion and smoothing filters are implemented to manage reflections on surfaces. Techniques to smooth lighting irregularities on the plate ensured consistent visibility of the particle. Additionally, methods to enhance image resolution and predictive tracking facilitated the accurate monitoring of particle movement. Using the developed setup, the effectiveness of SBTW in moving particles located at various sections of the plate is evaluated. This procedure serves as the first step in developing robust methods for precision wave-driven motion applications.
Smart Material Optimization: Exploring the Influence of Experimental Parameters on PVDF Crystalline Structure
Authors: Ali Fawad , Albakri Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Advancements in technology, particularly in the development of smart materials, offer promising prospects for sustainable solutions. These materials, known for their responsiveness to external stimuli, span various fields such as healthcare and electronics. Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) is notable for its piezoelectric properties, crucial in sensors and energy devices. PVDF crystallizes in different phases, with the β phase being particularly significant for its piezoelectric behavior. This study examines the influence of annealing temperature on PVDF’s crystalline structure. PVDF films were fabricated through solvent casting by dissolving PVDF granules in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 60 °C by mechanical mixing at 400 rpm for 5 hours, followed by casting on glass. The films were then subjected to various annealing temperatures i-e RT, 80 °C and 100 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed for characterization. Results reveal a notable correlation between processing temperature and PVDF’s crystalline phase, with higher temperatures favoring an increase in the β phase content. However, careful optimization of temperature conditions is essential to avoid undesired phase transitions that may compromise performance. This study underscores the importance of processing parameters to fully harness PVDF’s potential in smart material applications.
Patient-Reported Outcome Scores of Athletes With Time-Loss and Non-Time-Loss Ankle Sprains
Authors: McCann Ryan S. , Squillantini Ricardo R. , Suttmiller Ashley M.B. , Chung Sunghoon 
Published: October 2024

Non-time-loss ankle sprains often receive less care than time-loss (TL) ankle sprains, but the effect of TL on persistent impairments needs to be explored. Our purpose was to compare patient-reported outcomes between athletes with non-time-loss and TL ankle sprains at return to activity and 6-month postinjury. Participants with a non-time-loss ankle sprain had worse patient-reported outcome scores at return to activity and 6 months compared with TL ankle sprains despite having less severe injuries. Greater than 24 hr of activity restriction following an acute ankle sprain is likely beneficial to the recovery of perceived function and stability.
Neuromuscular Fatigue During Brazilian Jiujitsu Matches: Analysis of Upper and Lower Limbs
Authors: Fagundes Athos da Silva , Marinho Alisson Henrique , Lopes Freitas Iron , Lopes Filho Brandel José Pacheco , Rodacki Cintia , Bertuzzi Romulo , Lima-Silva Adriano Eduardo , Cristina-Souza Gislaine 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To determine the effects of repeated Brazilian jiujitsu (BJJ) matches on neuromuscular fatigue in forearm-flexor and knee-extensor muscles. Methods: Twelve BJJ athletes (8 men and 4 women) performed a simulated BJJ tournament composed of four 8-minute matches interspersed by 16-minute intervals. Neuromuscular fatigue was assessed via prematch to postmatch(es) reductions in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), voluntary activation, and potentiated twitch force (Ptwpot) in the forearm-flexor and knee-extensor muscles. Results: The MVIC of the knee extensors and forearm flexors reduced from prematch 1 to postmatch 2 and remained suppressed until postmatch 4 (P < .034). The voluntary activation of the knee extensors declined only after match 4, whereas the voluntary activation of the forearm flexors did not change throughout the matches (P = .102). Ptwpot of knee extensors decreased from prematch 1 to postmatch 1 (P < .001) and remained reduced until postmatch 4 (P < .001). Ptwpot of the forearm flexors reduced after every match (P < .010), with complete recovery occurring only before the second match (P = .99). The magnitude of the prematch-to-postmatch reduction in Ptwpot was lower in knee extensors than in forearm flexors (P = .044). Conclusions: Repeated BJJ matches induced neuromuscular fatigue, mainly due to impairments in muscle contractile function (ie, peripheral fatigue). The time between BJJ matches seems to be insufficient to allow complete recovery of neuromuscular function, which may influence performance during subsequent matches.
QCD masterclass lectures on jet physics and machine learning
Authors: Larkoski Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThese lectures were presented at the 2024 QCD Masterclass in Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer, France. They introduce and review fundamental theorems and principles of machine learning within the context of collider particle physics, focused on application to jet identification and discrimination. Numerous examples of binary discrimination in jet physics are studied in detail, including $$H\rightarrow b{\bar{b}}$$

H
→
b

b

¯

identification in fixed-order perturbation theory, generic one- versus two-prong discrimination with parametric power counting techniques, and up versus down quark jet classification by assuming the central limit theorem, isospin conservation, and a convergent moment expansion of the single particle energy distribution. Quark versus gluon jet discrimination is considered in multiple contexts, from using additive, infrared and collinear safe observables, to using hadronic multiplicity, and to including measurements of the jet charge. While many of the results presented here are well known, some novel results are presented, the most prominent being a parametrized expression for the likelihood ratio of quark versus gluon discrimination for jets on which hadronic multiplicity and jet charge are simultaneously measured. End-of-lecture exercises are also provided.
Electron-positron pair creation under Gaussian and super-Gaussian pulse trains
Authors: Zhou X. X. , Cao X. N. , Li C. K. , Lin N. S. , Li Y. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electron-positron pair (EPP) creation under Gaussian and super-Gaussian pulse trains are studied by the computational quantum field theory (CQFT) in the single-photon regime. The details of the EPP creation are studied from the time evolution of the EPP number, energy spectra and spatial distribution of the electrons. The results indicate that the final created EPPs is the non-linear accumulation of the multi-pulses, which depends on the time interval, pulse shape and pulse number. The optimal time interval can be chosen based on the pulse resonance condition, which is derived by the perturbation method. Besides, steeper super-Gaussian pulses and adding more pulses facilitate the EPP creation as well. The results indicate that, under optimal multi-pulse parameters, the number of the EPPs obtained is much larger than the sum of the EPPs created under the same number of single pulses. This finding not only can enhance the EPP creation, but also can improve the multi-pulse utilization and guide future experimental research on the EPP creation.
The feasibility of M-health for people with chronic low back pain in Shanghai, China: A qualitative study
Authors: Xie Waner , Hu Guojiong , Wang Yijin , Luo Xiaoquan , Liao Linrong , Fu Allan C. L. , Lin Jianhua 
Published: October 2024

Background: Mobile health (M-health) has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the management of low back pain. However, the feasibility of M-health among the Chinese population and its influencing factors remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to assess the acceptance of M-health among people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and physiotherapists in Shanghai, China, and to explore the influencing factors of its utility in the treatment of CLBP. Methods: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 25 participants with CLBP and 20 physiotherapists, utilising a combination of group discussion and individual interview. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo software, was employed to identify and examine the themes regarding the facilitators and barriers to the utility of M-health in Shanghai, China. Results: The focus group discussions revealed a broad spectrum of factors that drive or hinder participants’ acceptance of M-health. Three main themes related to the feasibility of M-health were identified from the interviews: (1) Reasons for embracing M-health; (2) Reasons for resisting M-health; (3) Recommendations to enhance the feasibility of M-health. In general, participants exhibited enthusiasm towards the prospect of offering M-health as a viable treatment. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the feasibility of M-health depends on many factors in Shanghai, China. Efforts to promote the establishment of M-health policy or laws, rational integration of M-health and face-to-face model and improvement of the functions of M-health applications may increase its feasibility in Shanghai, China.
A quantitative evaluation method of laser treatment efficacy for pigmentary dermatosis based on image segmentation technology
Authors: Jian Haopu , Chen Qi , Yu Youjun , Wang Cheng , Wang Peiru , Wang Xiuli 
Published: October 2024

A growing number of skin laser treatments have rapidly evolved and increased their role in the field of dermatology, laser treatment is considered to be used for a variety of pigmentary dermatosis as well as aesthetic problems. The standardized assessment of laser treatment efficacy is crucial for the interpretation and comparison of studies related to laser treatment of skin disorders. In this study, we propose an evaluation method to quantitatively assess laser treatment efficacy based on the image segmentation technology. A tattoo model of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was established and treated by picosecond laser treatments at varying energy levels. Images of the tattoo models were captured before and after laser treatment, and feature extraction was conducted to quantify the tattooed area and pigment gradation. Subsequently, the clearance rate, which has been a standardized parameter, was calculated. The results indicate that the clearance rates obtained through this quantitative algorithm are comparable and exhibit smaller standard deviations compared with scale scores (4.59% versus 7.93% in the low-energy group, 4.01% versus 9.05% in the medium-energy group, and 4.29% versus 10.23% in the high-energy group). This underscores the greater accuracy, objectivity, and reproducibility in assessing treatment responses. The quantitative evaluation of pigment removal holds promise for facilitating faster and more robust assessments in research and development. Additionally, it may enable the optimization of treatments tailored to individual patients, thereby contributing to more effective and personalized dermatological care.
Effects of a Nurse–Manager Dualistic Intervention (NMDI) Program on Work Engagement and Job Crafting of ICU Burnout Nurses: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Yue Fang-Yan , Wang Si-Jia , Du Yun , Sun Feng-Ye , Wang Yu-Ping , Guo Yu-Fang 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the effects of the nurse–manager dualistic intervention (NMDI) program on work engagement and job crafting of ICU burnout nurses.Background: Work engagement is crucial for nurses’ job performance and quality of clinical care. Personal and work resources are important antecedents of work engagement. However, few intervention studies focused on improving nurses’ personal and work resources to promote work engagement and job crafting of burnout nurses.Methods: This was a quasi‐experimental study. One hundred and two ICU nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province were recruited. Forty‐two ICU nurses from one hospital were set as the intervention group and underwent NMDI. Sixty ICU nurses from the other hospital constituted the control group, which received routine occupational health guidance from the hospital. Demographic characteristics, burnout, work engagement, and job crafting were collected at baseline (T0), postintervention (T1), and 3‐month postintervention (T2).Results: Compared to baseline, both work engagement and job crafting scores increased in the intervention group at postintervention (T1). At postintervention (T1), work engagement and job crafting were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (βworkengagement = 3.894, p = 0.016 and βjobcrafting = 6.104, p = 0.010), but the difference between the two groups was not significant at the 3‐month follow‐up (βworkengagement = 3.618, p = 0.066 and βjobcrafting = 3.554, p = 0.15).Conclusion: The NMDI program can significantly improve ICU burnout nurses’ work engagement and job crafting. Nevertheless, the sustainability of these effects over time has been found to be limited, indicating that future research needs to explore and implement strategies to bolster the long‐term efficacy of this intervention.Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers are suggested to integrate the NMDI program into routine nursing management. Managers ought to prioritize appreciative and constructive dialog between themselves and nurses in order to support nurses in inquiring personal and work resources and encourage nurses to develop work plans to utilize resources. This will help to increase nurses’ engagement and job crafting.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2100047974