bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Airspeed and Adjuvants on Droplet Size Distribution in Aerial Applications of Glyphosate
Authors: Vieira Bruno C , Alves Guilherme S , Carvalho Fernando K , Da Cunha João Paulo AR , Antuniassi Ulisses R , Kruger Greg R 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Drift is one of the most hazardous consequences of an improper aerial application of glyphosate. Wind, droplet size, application height, and distance to sensitive areas are the most important factors for drift. Droplet size is affected by nozzle, operating pressure, flight speed, deflection angle, and physicochemical properties of the spray solution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of flight speed and the use of adjuvants on droplet size spectra in aerial applications of glyphosate. The study was conducted in a high-speed wind tunnel at the Pesticide Application Technology Laboratory (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte, Neb.). Aerial applications were simulated with four different airspeeds (44.4, 52.8, 61.1, and 69.4 m/s) and glyphosate combined with adjuvants (high surfactant oil concentrate, microemulsion drift reduction agent, nonionic and acidifier surfactant, polyvinyl polymer, and glyphosate alone). Droplet size spectra were evaluated using a Sympatec Helos laser diffraction instrument measuring 90 cm from the nozzle tip (CP11-4015). The volumetric droplet size distribution parameters (VMD, DV0.1, and DV0.9) and the percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm were reported. The relative span was calculated to indicate the droplet size homogeneity [(DV0.9 - DV0.1) / DV0.5]. Glyphosate solutions with adjuvants had a larger VMD than the glyphosate alone solution at 44.4 m/s wind speed. At 69.4 m/s only the glyphosate solution with polymer had a larger VMD. Conversely, the glyphosate with polymer had the smallest DV0.1, and the greatest relative span and percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm. Generally, adjuvants influence on droplet size was diminished or muted as the airspeed was increased. The polymer tested in this study failed as a drift agent reduction agent, especially at higher airspeeds. While not all polymers were tested, cautions should be taken if using these types of adjuvants in aerial applications. The interaction of airspeed and adjuvants influencing droplet size distribution in aerial applications of glyphosate should be considered by applicators in order to mitigate glyphosate drift to the surrounding environment. Further studies are necessary to better understand the interaction between solution viscosity and air shear effect on the atomization process and droplet size distribution, as well as confirm that trends hold true for other adjuvants in the polymer class. Although applicators tend to operate aircrafts with increased flight speeds in order to optimize the application time efficiency, this practice can reduce or mute adjuvants effects, decrease the droplet size distribution, and increase drift potential in aerial applications of glyphosate. Keywords: Drift reduction technologies, Flight speed, High-speed wind tunnel, Laser diffraction.
Twine Tension in High-Density Large Square Bales
Authors: McAfee Joshua R. , Shinners Kevin J. , Friede Joshua C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract.When greater density bales are made, baler manufacturers recommend using twine with greater knot strength. When twine fails, bale integrity is lost, harvesting costs increase, and productivity suffers. Twine failure typically occurs in the knot on the top strand of the twine. A better understanding of twine tension in the top strands could help reduce failures, allow for improved knot strength recommendations, and ultimately lower baling costs. A system was developed to measure the tension of the top strands while baling a variety of crops with a high-density large square baler. Depending on the bale chute design, twine tension was greatest as the bale cantilevered from the chamber but had not yet touched the chute or just as the bale fully exited the bale chamber. In either case, the absolute maximum recorded tensions were typically less than 60% of the twine specified knot strength. Pulses in synchronization with the plunger frequency were superimposed on the nominal twine tension. Tension was usually greatest in the outer left twine and the other right twine because for each, there was only one neighboring twine to share the load. Average twine tension over the first 60 s after the bale rested on the ground was linearly related to bale density. Crop stress relaxation reduced tension up to 20% within 20 min after the bale was placed on the ground. Top strand tension approached 60% of knot strength for only a short duration as the bale exited the chamber and after that, the tension was much less than the specified knot strength. Therefore, design changes or strategies that reduce tension during the critical period when the bale exits the chamber could reduce maximum knot strength requirements and lead to lower baling costs. Keywords: Bales, Density, Tension, Twine.
EurA1c: The European HbA1c Trial to Investigate the Performance of HbA1c Assays in 2166 Laboratories across 17 Countries and 24 Manufacturers by Use of the IFCC Model for Quality Targets
Authors:   The EurA1c Trial Group, Weykamp Cas , John W Garry , English Emma , Erasmus Rajiv T , Sacks David B , Buchta Christoph , Mueller Mathias M , Lenga Yolande , Budina Marek , Kratochvila Josef , Friedecky Bedrich , Siest Jean-Pascal , Kaiser Patricia , Haliassos Alexander , Panagiotakis Otto , Makris Konstantinos , Graham Hazel , Kane Anne , Smith Thomas P , Barrett Ned , Sciacovelli Laura , Plebani Mario , Faria Ana Andrade , Cardoso Ana , Correia Helena , Alemany Montserrat Ventura , Alsina Carmen Perich , Gómez Carmen González , Nordin Gunnar , Persson Carita Krook , Fried Roman , Akcadag Fatma , Akgöz Müslüm , Aslan Diler , Jones Samantha , Thomas Annette , Gillery Philippe , Jaisson Stéphane , Mosca Andrea , Paleari Renata , Slingerland Robbert J , Slootstra Janine , Leppink Sanne , Elmgren Anders , Little Randie R , Connolly Shawn M , Makky Vicky , Nowicki Maren , Siebelder Carla , Schröer-Janssen Liesbeth , te Winkel Marieke , de Graaf Irene , Lenters-Westra Erna 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A major objective of the IFCC Committee on Education and Use of Biomarkers in Diabetes is to generate awareness and improvement of HbA1c assays through evaluation of the performance by countries and manufacturers.

METHODS
Fresh whole blood and lyophilized hemolysate specimens manufactured from the same pool were used by 17 external quality assessment organizers to evaluate analytical performance of 2166 laboratories. Results were evaluated per country, per manufacturer, and per manufacturer and country combined according to criteria of the IFCC model for quality targets.

RESULTS
At the country level with fresh whole blood specimens, 6 countries met the IFCC criterion, 2 did not, and 2 were borderline. With lyophilized hemolysates, 5 countries met the criterion, 2 did not, and 3 were borderline. At the manufacturer level using fresh whole blood specimens, 13 manufacturers met the criterion, 8 did not, and 3 were borderline. Using lyophilized hemolysates, 7 manufacturers met the criterion, 6 did not, and 3 were borderline. In both country and manufacturer groups, the major contribution to total error derived from between-laboratory variation. There were no substantial differences in performance between groups using fresh whole blood or lyophilized hemolysate samples.

CONCLUSIONS
The state of the art is that 1 of 20 laboratories does not meet the IFCC criterion, but there are substantial differences between country and between manufacturer groups. Efforts to further improve quality should focus on reducing between-laboratory variation. With some limitations, fresh whole blood and well-defined lyophilized specimens are suitable for purpose.
John Stuart Mills liberaler Marktsozialismus: bisheriges Scheitern und bleibende Relevanz
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJohn Stuart Mill had strong sympathies with a liberal form of market socialism based on worker-owned and worker-managed firms. He thought that only very few government interventions were needed to trigger a peaceful and spontaneous transition to such an economic system. This article recapitulates his thesis and argument by focusing on his major workPrinciples of Political Economy, which is rather neglected by philosophers, especially in the German-speaking world. I will argue that Mill was too optimistic in his hope for a spontaneous transition without government intervention. Since it is possible to reconstruct how Mill thought this transition would proceed, it is also possible to identify at what point the transition did not advance in the way envisioned by him, but was blocked by antagonistic forces. I will argue that this insight is not only of historical value, but still poses a serious problem for John Rawls’s theory of justice. Rawls follows Mill closely in his discussion of the proper economic system and he faces the same problem of transition.
Hegels Begriff der Gewohnheit
Authors: Peters Julia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In his Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences, Hegel states that the essential characteristic of spirit is to exhibit the structure of manifestation. This paper argues that for Hegel the structure of manifestation is actualized in habituated bodily actions, which sheds light on Hegel’s understanding of the relation between body and soul. Furthermore, the paper shows that there is an intrinsic relation between Hegel’s theory of habit and his aesthetics. Insofar as it exemplifies the structure of manifestation, habit has an expressive dimension for Hegel, and is therefore essentially complemented by its portrayal in classical works of art by virtue of the specific relation between form and content that such works exhibit. According to the interpretation presented here, Hegel’s philosophy of mind and his philosophy of aesthetics mutually complement and illuminate each other.
Implementation of high speed machining in thin-walled aircraft integral elements
Authors: Bałon Paweł , Rejman Edward , Smusz Robert , Szostak Janusz , Kiełbasa Bartłomiej 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
High speed milling (HSM) is currently one of the most important technologies used in the aviation industry, especially concerning aluminium alloys. The difference between HSM and other milling techniques is the ability to select cutting parameters – depth of the cut layer, feed rate, and cutting speed, in order to simultaneously ensure high quality, precision of the machined surface, and high machining efficiency, all of which shorten the manufacturing process of the integral components. By implementing the HSM technology, it is possible to manufacture very complex integral thin-walled aerial parts from the full quantity of the raw material. At present, aircraft structures are designed to mainly consist of integral elements which have been produced by welding or riveting of component parts in technologies utilized earlier in the production process. Parts such as ribs, longitudinals, girders, frames, coverages of fuselage and wings can all be categorized as integral elements. These parts are assembled into larger assemblies after milling. The main aim of the utilized treatments, besides ensuring the functional criterion, is obtaining the best ratio of strength to construction weight. Using high milling speeds enables economical manufacturing of integral components by reducing machining time, but it also improves the quality of the machined surface. It is caused by the fact that cutting forces are significantly lower for high cutting speeds than for standard machining techniques.
The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML): Language Specification for Level 3 Version 1 Core
Authors: Hucka Michael , Bergmann Frank T. , Dräger Andreas , Hoops Stefan , Keating Sarah M. , Le Novère Nicolas , Myers Chris J. , Olivier Brett G. , Sahle Sven , Schaff James C. , Smith Lucian P. , Waltemath Dagmar , Wilkinson Darren J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractComputational models can help researchers to interpret data, understand biological functions, and make quantitative predictions. The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a file format for representing computational models in a declarative form that different software systems can exchange. SBML is oriented towards describing biological processes of the sort common in research on a number of topics, including metabolic pathways, cell signaling pathways, and many others. By supporting SBML as an input/output format, different tools can all operate on an identical representation of a model, removing opportunities for translation errors and assuring a common starting point for analyses and simulations. This document provides the specification for Release 2 of Version 1 of SBML Level 3 Core. The specification defines the data structures prescribed by SBML, their encoding in XML (the eXtensible Markup Language), validation rules that determine the validity of an SBML document, and examples of models in SBML form. No design changes have been made to the description of models between Release 1 and Release 2; changes are restricted to the format of annotations, the correction of errata and the addition of clarifications. Other materials and software are available from the SBML project website at http://sbml.org/.
On the optimality of non-linear computations for symmetric key primitives
Authors: Chakraborti Avik , Datta Nilanjan , Nandi Mridul 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A block is an n-bit string, and a (possibly keyed) block-function is a non-linear mapping that maps one block to another, e.g., a block-cipher. In this paper, we consider various symmetric key primitives with

{\ell}

block inputs and raise the following question: what is the minimum number of block-function invocations required for a mode to be secure? We begin with encryption modes that generate

{\ell^{\prime}}

block outputs and show that at least

{(\ell+\ell^{\prime}-1)}

block-function invocations are necessary to achieve the PRF security. In presence of a nonce, the requirement of block-functions reduces to

{\ell^{\prime}}

blocks only. If

{\ell=\ell^{\prime}}

, in order to achieve SPRP security, the mode requires at least

{2\ell}

many block-function invocations. We next consider length preserving r-block (called chunk) online encryption modes and show that, to achieve online PRP security, each chunk should have at least

{2r-1}

many and overall at least

{2r\ell-1}

many block-functions for

{\ell}

many chunks. Moreover, we show that it can achieve online SPRP security if each chunk contains at least

{2r}

non-linear block-functions. We next analyze affine MAC modes and show that an integrity-secure affine MAC mode requires at least

{\ell}

many block-function invocations to process an

{\ell}

block message. Finally, we consider affine mode authenticated encryption and show that in order to achieve INT-RUP security or integrity security under a nonce-misuse scenario, either (i) the number of non-linear block-functions required to generate the ciphertext is more than

{\ell}

or (ii) the number of extra non-linear block-functions required to generate the tag depends on

{\ell}

.
Ultra mensuram tendere. Zur Maßlosigkeit mönchischer Askese (David von Augsburg, García Jiménez de Cisneros, Bernardino de Laredo)
Authors: Bischoff Christina Johanna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present contribution deals with excess in medieval and early modern monastic asceticism. It claims that excess, in this context, is not an individual option, but a general problem inherent to Christian asceticism. By giving priority to self-denial, this type of asceticism promotes a self-regulated, autonomous subjectivity which is clearly an unintentional by-product of the asceticism. Therefore individual asceticism oscillates between prohibited self-fashioning and, as a response, intensified self-denial. The problem is outlined in an introductory chapter about ‘De exterioris et interioris hominis compositione’ by David of Augsburg. Following this, two early modern Spanish books are used to illustrate how spiritual texts deal with the ambivalences of asceticism. The ‘Exercitatorio de la vida spiritual’ by García Jiménez de Cisneros regulates asceticism in detail, while the ‘Subida del monte Sión’ by Bernardino de Laredo allows the subject more room for interpretation; this however comes at the price of a fictionalisation of asceticism.
Gelehrte Autorität und die Ordnung der Dinge. Über Wissen, Macht und die Vermessung der Wirklichkeit im Mittelalter
Authors: Bubert Marcel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the medieval period was not part of Michel Foucault’s seminal study on ‘The Order of Things’, there are good reasons to believe that the learned cultures of the Middle Ages were to a certain degree based on specific epistemic orders, general organizing principles which were unconsciously presupposed in concepts of reality. Nevertheless, the extent as to which these concepts are in fact committed to the assumption of a metaphysically determined measuring of reality, is not altogether clear. This article aims to discuss this question in general, based on recent views of the role of the ‘subject’ in epistemic orders.
Naturmaß, künstlerisches Maß und die Maßlosigkeit ihrer Anwendung. Simplicia in zwei ‚Tractatus de herbis‘-Handschriften des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Holler Theresa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOn the cusp of the 14th century, a new means of visualizing plants arose in the herbal manuscript tradition of South Italy. Unlike the previous medieval tradition’s stylized plant representations or antique manuscripts with their lifelike representations, these new images are characterized by their similarity to nature and pressed herbs. Based on two ‘Tractatus de herbis’ manuscripts, namely the MS lat. 6823 in Paris and the MS Egerton 747 in London, this article examines such a new form of nature as a measurement for art. The images themselves alternate between naturalistic impressions, fantastic creations, and pure aesthetic pleasure for the beholder. Together with the accompanying medical treatise they address the boundaries between measurements and excessiveness pertaining not only to artifice but also the body, which has come out of the balance of the four humors and therefore has lost its right measure.
Messen ohne Maß? Nicolaus Cusanus und das Kriterium menschlicher Erkenntnis
Authors: Kny Christian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the late Middle Ages, Nicholas of Cusa renders human cognition as creative, asymptotic assimilation—humans creatively approach their objects of cognition without ever fully reaching them. Questions about measuring are an important part of Nicholas’ model of cognition in two regards: On the one hand, he explicitly calls human cognition a ‘measuring’ (mensurare), moving the concept into the centre of attention. On the other hand, measuring in the sense of evaluating epistemic activities is an issue for Nicholas. He describes humans as living images of god who ‘enfold’ (complicare) the ideas of all things within themselves in a specific way. They measure, i. e. judge, their epistemic activities looking at what they enfold. However, Nicholas provides little information about what exactly that means. He is thus threatened with a serious epistemological problem: the lack of a satisfying criterion of epistemic activities. In my paper, I discuss options of how to deal with this problem. After briefly describing (1) Nicholas’ notion of human cognition and (2) what he has on offer regarding a criterion of epistemic activities, I (3) try to clarify what ‘enfolding the ideas of all things’ can mean. Presenting and discussing two plausible interpretations of this expression—a static and a dynamic one—sheds light on possible answers Nicholas can give as well as the limitations these answers are confronted with.
First record of Sigara assimilis (Fieber, 1848) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixidae) in Poland
Authors: Sowa Agnieszka , Tończyk Grzegorz , Halabowski Dariusz , Krodkiewska Mariola 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Sigara assimilis (Fieber, 1848) is an aquatic true bug from the family Corixidae. Our paper is the first report on this species from Poland. Numerous males and females of the species were found in a hypohaline coal mine settling pond in southern Poland.
Simplified simulation technique of rotating, induction heated, calender rolls for study of temperature field control
Authors: Zgraja Jerzy 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Predictive computer simulation of the temperature field control system of an induction heated object encounters difficulties associated with the nonlinearityof systemon the one hand, and the time of calculation on the other hand, during numerical analysis of the magnetothermal field of the object, especially in 3D. The paper presents a methodology for the fast simulation of temperature field for a completed induction heating system of calender rolls. The method of 3D calculations of rotating calender rolls with a moving web of wet paper can be connected easily with a simulation of the temperature field controller, for simulation of complex control systems.
Reconstructing time series into a complex network to assess the evolution dynamics of the correlations among energy prices
Authors: Fang Wei , Gao Xiangyun , Huang Shupei , Jiang Meihui , Liu Siyao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReconstructing a time series into a complex network can help uncover the dynamic information hidden in the time series. Previous studies mainly focused on the long-term relationship between two energy prices, and traditional econometric methods poorly reflect the evolution of correlations among variables from a short-term perspective. Thus, first, we divide natural gas, coal and crude oil price time series into a series of segments via a set of temporal sliding windows and then calculate the correlation coefficients for each pair of energy prices in each segment. Second, we define the correlation modes based on the correlation coefficients and a coarse graining process. Third, we reconstruct the time series into a complex network to assess the evolution dynamics of the correlations among energy prices. The results show that a few major correlation modes and transmission patterns play important roles in the evolution. The evolution of the correlation modes among energy prices exhibits a significant cluster effect. Approximately 30 days is a turning point at which one type of cluster transforms into another type. Then, we improve the betweenness centrality algorithm to measure the media capability of the correlation mode in the evolution process of different clusters. Based on the transmission probabilities between clusters, we can determine the evolution direction of the correlation modes based on energy prices. These results are useful for monitoring fluctuations in energy prices and making decisions for risk avoidance.