bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse Compton Cascades in Pair-producing Gaps: Effects of Triplet Pair Production
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Yuan Yajie , Chen Alexander Y. , Mastichiadis Apostolos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Inverse Compton-pair cascades are initiated when gamma-rays are absorbed on an ambient soft photon field to produce relativistic pairs, which in turn up-scatter the same soft photons to produce more gamma-rays. If the Compton scatterings take place in the deep Klein–Nishina regime, then triplet pair production (

) becomes relevant and may even regulate the development of the cascade. We investigate the properties of pair-Compton cascades with triplet pair production in accelerating gaps, i.e., regions with an unscreened electric field. Using the method of transport equations for the particle evolution, we compute the growth rate of the pair cascade as a function of the accelerating electric field in the presence of blackbody and power-law ambient photon fields. Informed by the numerical results, we derive simple analytical expressions for the peak growth rate and the corresponding electric field. We show that for certain parameters, which can be realized in the vicinity of accreting supermassive black holes at the centers of active galactic nuclei, the pair cascade may well be regulated by inverse Compton scattering in the deep Klein–Nishina regime and triplet pair production. We present indicative examples of the escaping gamma-ray radiation from the gap, and discuss our results in application to the TeV observations of radio galaxy M87.
Spectral Properties of Populations Behind the Coherence in Spitzer Near-infrared and Chandra X-Ray Backgrounds
Authors: Li Yanxia , Cappelluti Nico , Hasinger Günther , Arendt Richard G. , Kashlinsky Alexander , Pacucci Fabio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study the coherence of the near-infrared and X-ray background fluctuations and the X-ray spectral properties of the sources producing it. We use data from multiple Spitzer and Chandra surveys, including the UDS/SXDF surveys, the Hubble Deep Field North, the EGS/AEGIS field, the Chandra Deep Field South, and the COSMOS surveys, comprising ∼2275 Spitzer/IRAC hours and ∼16 Ms of Chandra data collected over a total area of ∼1 deg2. We report an overall ∼5σ detection of a cross-power signal on large angular scales >20″ between the 3.6 and 4.5 μm and the X-ray bands, with the IR versus [1–2] keV signal detected at 5.2σ. The [0.5–1] and [2–4] keV bands are correlated with the infrared wavelengths at a ∼1–3σ significance level. The hardest X-ray band ([4–7] keV) alone is not significantly correlated with any infrared wavelengths due to poor photon and sampling statistics. We study the X-ray spectral energy distribution of the cross-power signal. We find that its shape is consistent with a variety of source populations of accreting compact objects, such as local unabsorbed active galactic nuclei or high-z absorbed sources. We cannot exclude that the excess fluctuations are produced by more than one population. Because of poor statistics, the current relatively broad photometric bands employed here do not allow distinguishing the exact nature of these compact objects or if a fraction of the fluctuations have instead a local origin.
Origin and Evolution of Distinct Molybdenum Isotopic Variabilities within Carbonaceous and Noncarbonaceous Reservoirs
Authors: Yokoyama Tetsuya , Nagai Yuichiro , Fukai Ryota , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
New high-precision Mo isotopic data were obtained for 10 iron meteorites and two carbonaceous, five ordinary, and two rumuruti chondrites. A clear isotopic dichotomy is observed in μ

i
Mo−μ
94Mo diagrams between the CC meteorites (carbonaceous chondrites and IVB irons) and other noncarbonaceous (NC) meteorites. The Mo isotope variabilities within the CC meteorites can indicate either s-process matter distributed heterogeneously throughout various chondritic components in the different outer solar system materials or that generated by a local parent-body processing. In contrast, the presence of two end-member components for the Mo isotope composition, that is, NC-A and NC-B, was suggested in the NC reservoir. The NC-B component represents the remaining counterpart of the gaseous source reservoir for type B calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, which was presumably formed via thermal processing that destroyed r-process-rich carriers. Two models were proposed to consider the observed Mo isotope variability among the NCs. In model 1, the NC-A reservoir was formed closer to the Sun than the NC-B reservoir by another thermal processing that destroyed s-process-depleted phases. The Mo isotopic composition of the NC region changed via outward motion of particles from the two reservoirs, resulting in a gradual change from NC-A- to NC-B-like components as a function of the heliocentric distance. In model 2, the Mo isotopic composition in individual NCs is controlled by the amount of metal and matrix-like material that is removed from and added to the NC-B reservoir. Such a fractionation process most likely occurred locally in time and/or space in the inner solar system.
Exceptional Extended Field-of-view Observations by PROBA2/SWAP on 2017 April 1 and 3
Authors: O’Hara Jennifer P. , Mierla Marilena , Podladchikova Olena , D’Huys Elke , West Matthew J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
On 2017 April 1 and 3, two large eruptions on the western solar limb, which were associated with M4.4- and M5.8-class flares, respectively, were observed with the Sun Watcher with Active Pixels and Image Processing (SWAP) Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) solar telescope on board the Project for On Board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) spacecraft. The large field-of-view (FOV) of SWAP, combined with an advantageous off-point, allows us to study the eruptions up to approximately 2 solar radii (Rs), where space-based coronagraph observations begin. These measurements provide us with some of the highest EUV observations of an eruption, giving crucial additional data points to track the early evolution of Coronal Mass Ejections. In SWAP observations, we track the evolution of off-limb erupting features as well as associated on-disk EUV waves, and the kinematics of both are calculated. The first eruption shows a clear deceleration throughout the lower corona into coronagraph observations, whereas the second eruption, which had a lower initial velocity, shows no obvious acceleration or deceleration profile. This paper presents a unique set of observations, allowing features observed in EUV to be traced to greater heights in the solar atmosphere, helping to bridge the gap to the FOV of white-light coronagraphs. Even with these favorable data sets, it remains a challenging task to associate features observed in EUV with those observed in white light, highlighting our urgent need for single-instrument observations of the combined lower and middle corona.
Into the Darkness: Classical and Type II Cepheids in the Zona Galactica Incognita
Authors: Dékány István , Hajdu Gergely , Grebel Eva K. , Catelan Márcio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The far side of the Milky Way’s disk is one of the most concealed parts of the known universe due to extremely high interstellar extinction and point-source density toward low Galactic latitudes. Large time-domain photometric surveys operating in the near-infrared hold great potential for the exploration of these vast uncharted areas of our Galaxy. We conducted a census of distant classical and type II Cepheids along the southern Galactic midplane using near-infrared photometry from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey. We performed a machine-learned classification of the Cepheids based on their infrared light curves using a convolutional neural network. We have discovered 640 distant classical Cepheids with up to ∼40 mag of visual extinction and over 500 type II Cepheids, most of them located in the inner bulge. Intrinsic color indices of individual Cepheids were predicted from sparse photometric data using a neural network, allowing their use as accurate reddening tracers. They revealed a steep, spatially varying near-infrared extinction curve toward the inner bulge. Type II Cepheids in the Galactic bulge were also employed to measure robust mean selective-to-absolute extinction ratios. They trace a centrally concentrated spatial distribution of the old bulge population with a slight elongation, consistent with earlier results from RR Lyrae stars. Likewise, the classical Cepheids were utilized to trace the Galactic warp and various substructures of the Galactic disk and uncover significant vertical and radial age gradients of the thin disk population at the far side of the Milky Way.
Contribution to the floristic knowledge of eastern Irpinia and Vulture-Melfese area (Campania and Basilicata, southern Italy)
Authors: Stinca Adriano , Chianese Giuseppina , D’Auria Giuseppe , Fascetti Simonetta , Ravo Maria , Romano Vito Antonio , Salerno Giovanni , Astuti Giovanni , Bartolucci Fabrizio , Bernardo Liliana , Bonari Gianmaria , Bouvet Daniela , Cancellieri Laura , Carli Emanuela , Caruso Giuseppe , Catalano Immacolata , Cennamo Gennaro Domenico , Ciaschetti Giampiero , Conti Fabio , Di Pietro Romeo , Fortini Paola , Gangale Carmen , Lapenna Maria Rita , Lattanzi Edda , Marcucci Rossella , Peccenini Simonetta , Pennesi Riccardo , Perrino Enrico Vito , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Roma-Marzio Francesco , Scoppola Anna , Tilia Agnese , Villani Mariacristina , Rosati Leonardo 
Published: September 2019

In order to improve the floristic knowledge of the Italian territory, we report the inventory of the taxa collected during the annual field trip of the working group for Floristics, Systematics and Evolution of the Italian Botanical Society held in 2015 in eastern Irpinia and Vulture-Melfese area (South Italy). The investigated territories are located in southern Apennines, along the border between the Campania and Basilicata administrative regions. These areas are scarcely known in terms of vascular flora. The floristic samplings were performed in 19 sites selected as representative of the local environmental diversity as regards to climate, litho-morphology and land-use.
The research led to the identification of 4,137 specimens of vascular plants, belonging to 815 species and subspecies, 399 genera, and 85 families. Among these taxa, 42 were endemic to Italy, 38 were included in the IUCN Red List of the Italian Flora, 28 were alien and 5 were cryptogenic in Campania and/or Basilicata administrative regions. Two taxa, Aquilegia coerulea (casual alien, native to North America) and Lolium × boucheanum (native), were found to be new for Italy. On the basis of the available floristic literature the first one is also to be considered new for the European flora. At regional scale, we have found 18 taxa new for the Campania and 15 new for the Basilicata region. Finally, 10 taxa were confirmed for Campania. Data obtained during this study, confirmed the important role of a collaborative approach among botanists and the great relevance of these territories for plant diversity.
The Portuguese Red Cross Hospital in France during World War I
Authors: Da Silva Helena 
Published: September 2019

Durant la première guerre mondiale, les armées ainsi que des organismes privés bénévoles ont joué un rôle fondamental dans les soins aux soldats malades et blessés. Parmi eux, les Sociétés de la Croix Rouge qui disposaient de leurs propres institutions, comme la Croix Rouge portugaise qui a fondé un hôpital à l’arrière du front à Ambleteuse dans le Nord de la France. Quel fut le rôle de la Croix Rouge portugaise en France durant la Grande Guerre et comment a-t-elle collaboré avec les nations alliées ? Afin de mieux comprendre l’impact de cet hôpital dans les soins prodigués aux soldats, cet article comprend une analyse quantitative des registres d’entrées. Cette recherche originale étudie l’implication de la Croix Rouge portugaise dans l’effort de guerre des pays alliés et la création d’un hôpital grâce à la collaboration de plusieurs nations.
Quand Suez raconte l’Égypte
Authors: Piquet Caroline 
Published: September 2019

Cet article propose d’interroger la place du canal de Suez dans l’écriture de l’histoire de l’Égypte contemporaine et ses représentations. Le canal tient, dans l’histoire de l’Égypte, une place particulière : il est à la fois considéré comme le moment fondateur d’une nouvelle Égypte et, en même temps, il s’inscrit dans l’histoire longue du pays, avec les échanges depuis l’Antiquité entre la mer Rouge et la mer Méditerranée. L’histoire du canal est indissociable de celle de l’Égypte, mettant en scène des discours et des imaginaires divers selon les périodes. Le récit de son histoire, raconté au travers des écrits, des réalisations artistiques ou architecturales, alimente, jusqu’à s’y confondre, le récit national de l’Égypte.
Un canal pour rire
Authors: Moussa Sarga 
Published: September 2019

Le quotidien satirique Le Charivari publia, sous le Second Empire, des textes et des dessins relatifs au chantier et à l’ouverture du canal de Suez. En général favorable à Ferdinand de Lesseps, le journal s’en prend le plus souvent à l’Angleterre et à l’Empire ottoman, longtemps hostiles au projet du creusement de l’isthme. Mais il lui arrive aussi de fustiger la « suezomanie » de Lesseps, et surtout, au moment des fêtes de 1869, il se livre à une critique qui prend également pour cible la bourgeoisie française, à travers la figure du touriste grégaire et envahissant. Amédée de Noé, dit Cham, compte parmi les dessinateurs les plus féconds du Charivari : tout en réactivant un certain nombre de clichés orientalistes, il fustige aussi, dans la lignée du personnage de M. Prudhomme créé par Henry Monnier, la suffisance de certains Européens invités par le khédive Ismaïl pour célébrer le triomphe du progrès « universel », contribuant du même coup à jeter le soupçon sur ce mythe moderne du « mariage » de l’Orient et de l’Occident.
Le canal de Suez ou « la perte de l’Égypte » dans les Mémoires de Nubar Pacha
Authors: Sabry Randa 
Published: September 2019

Durant la seconde moitié du xix e siècle, Nubar Pacha a joué un rôle crucial dans les Affaires étrangères égyptiennes, notamment lors de la renégociation de la concession accordée par le vice-roi Saïd à Ferdinand de Lesseps. Dans ses Mémoires , c’est sans indulgence qu’il dépeint les divers acteurs impliqués dans la création du canal de Suez et retrace les conséquences désastreuses de ce projet : perte de la souveraineté du pays, corvée imposée aux fellahs, spirale de la dette. Notre analyse de cette vision très critique s’appuie sur deux paramètres qui nous semblent orienter la narration : d’une part, la « logique des faits historiques » qui, concernant l’Égypte au xix e siècle, se résume chez Nubar en un passage de l’indépendance (durant le règne de Muhammad ‘Ali et de Abbas I er ) à la faillite progressive (sous Saïd et Ismaïl Pacha), par la faute du canal. D’autre part l’image magnifiée que se construit Nubar comme instigateur de réformes bénéfiques, dont celle des tribunaux mixtes, œuvre de justice, qu’il présente comme diamétralement opposée au projet néfaste de Lesseps.
Représentations de la résistance dans les villes du canal chez Ghitani et Abnoudi
Authors: Fathy Rania 
Published: September 2019

Si c’est surtout l’inauguration du canal de Suez et les prouesses technologiques de Lesseps qui inspirent les écrivains européens, du côté égyptien, en revanche, c’est l’histoire façonnée par les guerres qu’a provoquées le canal qui interpelle une littérature placée sous le signe de l’engagement et de la résistance. Le présent article est centré sur les représentations du canal chez deux écrivains : le romancier Gamal al-Ghitani (1945-2015) et le poète ‘Abd al-Rahmane al-Abnoudi (1938-2015), fortement impliqués dans le parcours militant du pays. Ayant séjourné dans les villes du canal entre 1967 et 1973, ils ont présenté des témoignages sur la vie du canal dans une histoire mouvementée, tout en donnant un exemple du double engagement de l’écrivain, du mariage possible entre agir et écrire.
Suez imaginaire : le canal, le capital et les métaphores coloniales
Authors: El Khachab Walid 
Published: September 2019

Une étude critique de l’imaginaire généré par les métaphores associées au canal de Suez dévoile les contradictions et apories des discours du colonialisme et du capitalisme. Quatre champs métaphoriques sont retenus. Premièrement, la féminité (et la sexualisation), qui met en scène un colonialisme « masculin » dominant politiquement un canal « féminin » dans un rapport de genre qui présume l’infériorité du féminin. Deuxièmement, la monumentalité : les dimensions bibliques du chantier redoublent un discours glorifiant la « grandeur » du capital. Troisièmement, la liminalité : le canal envisagé comme la frontière de l’Égypte, séparant l’Afrique et l’Asie, légitime l’internationalisation de la voie maritime et renforce l’emprise du colonialisme sur l’Égypte. Quatrièmement, le canal comme lieu de transmission : dans le discours du capitalisme, le canal est une voie maritime accélérant la circulation globale des marchandises. Il est aussi envisagé comme le vecteur de la modernité technique et des lumières de l’Europe vers l’Orient, assurant ainsi l’hégémonie culturelle de l’Occident.
La baladodiffusion : de la réécoute à la création sonore de podcasts
Authors: Cohen Évelyne 
Published: September 2019

Depuis les années 2000, la diffusion de podcasts sur la toile s’est répandue à l’échelle internationale. Le podcast peut être aussi bien une émission sonore ou visuelle que l’on rediffuse sur la toile qu’une création sonore native. Cette diffusion est aussi bien le fait de radios traditionnelles que de web-radios ou encore d’entreprises privées qui diffusent des sortes de catalogues au travers de portails. Ces podcasts encouragent des modes d’écoute en mobilité, attentifs à la qualité du son. Ils privilégient les contenus sonores et leurs perceptions sensibles dans la perspective du développement d’une culture sonore.
« Rire À la baïonnette ! , trembler de peur des baïonnettes »
Authors: Bihl Laurent 
Published: September 2019

La Baïonnette peut être considérée comme le titre le plus emblématique de la presse satirique de la Première Guerre mondiale, tant la violence des dessins correspond à une diffusion large, destinée au grand public. Fondé le 23 janvier 1915 par Henri Maigrot, dit « Henriot », le titre exact est, à l’origine, À la Baïonnette ! , et demeure sous cette facture originelle durant 23 numéros. Ce journal incarne également les débuts de la mise en scène graphique par la presse satirique, comme si les divisions nationales inscrites dans les divergences nationales devaient disparaître d’un seul coup dans une sorte de synthèse iconique. La tendance s’intensifie lors de la Première Guerre mondiale, lorsque la mobilisation patriotique, physique et symbolique, se tourne vers la capitale à la fois point de convergence des recrues, et cible principale de l’ennemi déferlant.
Market Selection With Differential Financial Constraints
Authors: Guerdjikova Ani , Quiggin John 
Published: September 2019

We analyze financial markets in which agents face differential constraints on the set of assets in which they can trade. In particular, the assets available to each agent span a partition of the state space that can be strictly coarser than the partition spanned by the assets available in the market. We first show that the existence of differential constraints has an impact on prices and allocations as compared to a complete financial market with unconstrained agents.
We consider the implications for survival, taking the work of Blume and Easley (2006) as a starting point. We show that whenever agents have identical correct beliefs and equal discount factors, and their partitions are nested, all agents survive. When agents have heterogeneous beliefs, differential constraints may allow agents with wrong beliefs to survive. Provided constraints are relevant (in a sense we define more precisely), the condition for an agent to survive is that his survival index is at least as large as that of the agents with finer partitions. We also study the impact of deregulation (an increase in the set of assets available to some agents). Unless the agent can adopt beliefs that are closer to the truth on the newly refined partition than those of less constrained agents, increasing his opportunities for trade might harm his chances for survival.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Induced Bronchoalveolar Lavage Gene Expression Signature in Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Dominated by Pleiotropic Effects of CD4+ T Cell–Dependent IFN-γ Production despite the Presence of Polyfunctional T Cells within the Airways
Authors: Jarvela Jessica , Moyer Michelle , Leahy Patrick , Bonfield Tracey , Fletcher David , Mkono Wambura N. , Aung Htin , Canaday David H. , Dazard Jean-Eudes , Silver Richard F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide public health threat. Development of a more effective vaccination strategy to prevent pulmonary TB, the most common and contagious form of the disease, is a research priority for international TB control. A key to reaching this goal is improved understanding of the mechanisms of local immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism of TB. In this study, we evaluated global M. tuberculosis–induced gene expression in airway immune cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and M. tuberculosis–naive controls. In prior studies, we demonstrated that BAL cells from LTBI individuals display substantial enrichment for M. tuberculosis–responsive CD4+ T cells compared with matched peripheral blood samples. We therefore specifically assessed the impact of the depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on M. tuberculosis–induced BAL cell gene expression in LTBI. Our studies identified 12 canonical pathways and a 47-gene signature that was both sensitive and specific for the contribution of CD4+ T cells to local recall responses to M. tuberculosis. In contrast, depletion of CD8+ cells did not identify any genes that fit our strict criteria for inclusion in this signature. Although BAL CD4+ T cells in LTBI displayed polyfunctionality, the observed gene signature predominantly reflected the impact of IFN-γ production on a wide range of host immune responses. These findings provide a standard for comparison of the efficacy of standard bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination as well as novel TB vaccines now in development at impacting the initial response to re-exposure to M. tuberculosis in the human lung.