bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usage of I++ Simulator to Program Coordinate Measuring Machines when Common Programming Methods are difficult to apply
Authors: Gąska A. , Szewczyk D. , Gąska P. , Gruza M. , Sładek J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, simulators facilitate tasks performed daily by the engineers of different branches, including coordinate metrologists. Sometimes it is difficult or almost impossible to program a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) using standard methods. This happens, for example, during measurements of nano elements or in cases when measurements are performed on high-precision (accurate) measuring machines which work in strictly air-conditioned spaces and the presence of the operator in such room during the programming of CMM could cause an increase in temperature, which in turn could make it necessary to wait some time until conditions stabilize. This article describes functioning of a simulator and its usage during Coordinate Measuring Machine programming in the latter situation. Article also describes a general process of programming CMMs which ensures the correct machine performance after starting the program on a real machine. As an example proving the presented considerations, measurement of exemplary workpiece, which was performed on the machine working in the strictly air-conditioned room, was described
Non-destructive Dielectric Measurements and Calibration for Thin Materials Using Waveguide-Coaxial Adaptors
Authors: You K. Y. , Abbas Z. , Malek M. F. A. , Cheng E. M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on the calibration of apertures for rectangular waveguides using open-short-load (OSL) standards and transmission-line (TL) approaches. The reflection coefficients that were measured using both calibration techniques were compared with the coefficients acquired using the thru-reflect-line (TRL) method. In this study, analogous relationships between the results of OSL calibration and TL calibration were identified. In the OSL calibration method, the theoretical, open-standard values are calculated from quasi-static integral models. The proposed TL calibration procedure is a simple, rapid, broadband approach, and its results were validated by using the OSL calibration method and by comparing the results with the calculated integral admittance. The quasi-static integral models were used to convert the measured reflection coefficients to relative permittivities for the infinite samples and the thin, finite samples
Interferometer -based Technology for Optical Nanoscale Inspection
Authors: Ryabko M. , Koptyaev S. , Shcherbakov A. , Lantsov A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We demonstrate the interferometer-based approach for nanoscale grating Critical Dimension (CD) measurements and prove the possibility to achieve no worse than 10 nm accuracy of measurements for 100 nm pitch gratings. The approach is based on phase shift measurement of light fields specularly reflected from periodical pattern and adjacent substrate with subsequent comparison between experimental and simulation results. RCWA algorithm is used to fit the measured results and extract the CD value. It is shown that accuracy of CD value measurement depends rather on the grating’s CD/pitch ratio than its CD value
Investigations of Thermocouple Drift Irregularity Impact on Error of their Inhomogeneity Correction
Authors: Jun Su , Kochan Orest 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The article examines: (i) the reasons of error due to thermoelectric inhomogeneity of electrodes of thermocouples acquired during prolonged use; (ii) the neural network method of error correction based on a generalization of verification results in several temperature fields; (iii) the method of investigating the impact of changing the speed of the conversion characteristic drift of thermocouple on error correction; (iv) results of this investigation. It is shown that residual error for type K thermocouples at the 5 % level of significance does not exceed μ±0.46 oС and one at the 10 % level of significance does not exceed ±0.25 °С
CMF Signal Processing Method Based on Feedback Corrected ANF and Hilbert Transformation
Authors: Tu Yaqing , Yang Huiyue , Zhang Haitao , Liu Xiangyu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on CMF signal processing and aim to resolve the problems of precision sharp-decline occurrence when using adaptive notch filters (ANFs) for tracking the signal frequency for a long time and phase difference calculation depending on frequency by the sliding Goertzel algorithm (SGA) or the recursive DTFT algorithm with negative frequency contribution. A novel method is proposed based on feedback corrected ANF and Hilbert transformation. We design an index to evaluate whether the ANF loses the signal frequency or not, according to the correlation between the output and input signals. If the signal frequency is lost, the ANF parameters will be adjusted duly. At the same time, singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm is introduced to reduce noise. And then, phase difference between the two signals is detected through trigonometry and Hilbert transformation. With the frequency and phase difference obtained, time interval of the two signals is calculated. Accordingly, the mass flow rate is derived. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method always preserves a constant high precision of frequency tracking and a better performance of phase difference measurement compared with the SGA or the recursive DTFT algorithm with negative frequency contribution
THE THEOLOGICAL CONTROVERSY BETWEEN EUNOMIUS AND BASIL THE GREAT: A PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
Authors: Terezis Christos , Panagopoulos Spyros P. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
In this paper we examine an aspect of the conflict between Eunomius of Cyzicus and Basil the Great, as it referred to supreme dogmatic matters, such as the relationships between the Persons of the Holy Trinity. This theological rupture appears in a period, during which Christian doctrines are composed at advanced levels of maturity, also with the development among other things of impressive leaps toward which had been attempted by Origen, who was basically also the founder of Christian Hermeneutics. We refer to the basic concept of the conflict, namely the epinoia, and we set it off through the ontological-epistemological knowledge-contrast of realism-idealism. Our research programme is based in part on the historical element, par excellence on the systematic. As to the specific object of analysis, our report will be limited to an outline text of Basil of Caesarea and our aim will be to draw it out in its full development, from one expression to the next. This is the sixth chapter of the first book from the treatise Against Eunomius.
Macro and Trace Elements in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Breeds in Latvia Depending on Variety, Environment, and Agricultural Practice
Authors: Jākobsone Ida , Zute Sanita , Bleidere Māra , Kantāne Ināra , Bartkevičs Vadims 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine concentrations of 13 macro and trace elements in different barley genotypes depending on the year of growth (2011, 2012, and 2013) and agricultural practice (conventional/organic). Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Al concentrations were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and K, Na, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe concentrations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistically different concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Zn occurred among genotypes; for Ca, Mn, and Fe concentrations between barley grains, grown conventionally and organically; for Cr and Ni concentrations between hulled and hull-less grain and for Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, K, and Na concentrations among the study years. Concentrations of potentially hazardous elements were low (Cd < 0.005–0.027, Pb 0.013–0.066, Cr 0.111–0.327, Ni 0.161–1.264, Cu 2.8–4.7 and Al 1.62–6.09 mg·kg−1). Barley products can provide necessary macro and trace elements, especially of Mn, Mg, Fe, and Zn (7.8–16.1; 1024–1249; 29.2–52.9, and 20.5–33.7 mg·kg−1, respectively).
Assimilation of Selenium, Copper, and Zinc in Rye Malt
Authors: Antoņenko Kristīna , Briede Linda , Kreicbergs Viesturs , Vīksna Arturs , Bavrins Konstantins 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Trace elements selenium, copper, and zinc are essential minerals for the human body. One of the means to increase the micronutrient content in diets is to add them to food raw materials, for example, to enrich grain with micronutrients during malt production. To obtain rye malt, 3 kg grain was soaked in 10 l water with addition of three mineral salts — sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), copper sulphate (CuSO4 5H2O), and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4 7H2O) at different concentrations and different combination of salts. The concentration of selenium, copper, and zinc was determined in rye malt. The obtained results were used to calculate the degree of assimilation of trace elements in rye malt. The interaction of trace elements selenium/copper and copper/zinc was studied. The total amount of selenium, copper, and zinc was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sample preparation for elemental analysis was performed by wet acid digestion in a closed microwave mineralisation system. The selenium assimilation degree in rye malt was within 10.6 to 12.2%. Accordingly, copper assimilation was 32.8 to 38.0% and zinc 49.3 to 57.0%. Simultaneous presence of selenium/copper and copper/zinc during rye grain soaking promoted the assimilation of each mineral, compared with only one mineral additive.
Variation in β-Glucan, Protein and Fat Concentration of Oats Created in Latvia
Authors: Šterna Vita , Zute Sanita , Vicupe Zaiga 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Consumption of dietary fibre has potential in improving nutrition and health. For further breeding of oats, it is necessary to increase knowledge on variation in the content of fibre and bioactive components in oats. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to study the extent of variation in β-glucan concentration of oats grown in Latvia and to evaluate association of β-glucan concentration with protein and fat concentration in newly created oat breeding lines. In 2015 and 2016, concentration of protein, fat, and β-glucan in grain of hulled oat varieties ‘Laima’, ‘Peppi’, and ten breeding lines was determined. The obtained results showed a wide range of fat concentration among varieties, with a range from 5.9 to 8.3%. The concentration of β-glucan ranged from 1.8 to 3.6% depending on the year. The β-glucan concentration had medium close positive correlation with lipid and weak significant positive correlation with protein concentration, which significantly differed among genotypes.
Effect of High-Pressure Processing on Microbial Quality of Skimmed Milk
Authors: Liepa Marika , Zagorska Jelena , Galoburda Ruta , Kostascuka Svetlana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
High pressure processing (HPP) is an alternative to traditional thermal treatment and can be used in the dairy industry for increasing the microbiological safety of milk and for preserving its biologically active substances. HPP effectiveness in providing microbiological quality of product is still under discussion; thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of HPP technology on microbiological quality of skimmed milk. Raw, pasteurised (78 °C, 15–20 s), HPP treated (250 MPa, 15 min; 400 MPa, 3 min; 400 MPa, 15 min; 550 MPa, 3 min) and skimmed milk, processed by combining pasteurisation and HPP were analysed and compared. The total plate count (LVS ISO 4833-1:2013) and presence of coliforms (LVS EN ISO 16654:2002) were determined in analysed skimmed milk samples. Significant decrease (p < 0.05) of colony forming units (CFU) was observed in samples processed by combining two treatment types: pasteurisation and HPP. The minimum treatment parameters for shelf-life extension of skimmed milk were determined: pressure not less than 400 MPa and holding time at least 15 minutes.
Comparative Study of Dark Beer Before and After Freeze Drying Rehydration Cycle
Authors: Cinkmanis Ingmārs , Gailums Guntis , Vucāne Sanita 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare dark beer before and after a freeze drying rehydration cycle. The pH, colour, and concentrations of extract, organic acids, and phenolic compounds were determined. Dark beer before and after freeze drying was analysed using standard brewing analysis methods of the Mitteleuropäische Brautechnische Analysenkommision (MEBAK) and two types of chromatography: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Increase of pH was not observed in dark beer after freeze drying. Dissolved powdered beer in deionised water was clear, dark brown, without sediments, and reproduced the original commercially available dark beer, with original extract substance content 8.88%. Concentrations of the following organic acids were determined: oxalic, tartaric, quinic, malic, ascorbic, lactic, acetic, citric, fumaric, and succinic. Volatile compounds by GC/MS analysis were isolated from dark beer before and after freeze drying.
Mission and Limitations. Back to the Origins of Lutheran-Orthodox Contacts in the 16th Century
Authors: Plajer Dietmar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Reformation in Transylvania, Lutheran in structure, has been from its very beginning in direct contact with representatives of the Orthodox Church. An Orthodox clergyman, Philippus Pictor (Filip Moldoveanul), had worked for decades in Hermannstadt in the service of the magistrate, with tasks – among other responsibilities – in the printing house; it was probably during his activity in office that the (now lost) Romanian catechism of 1544, the church-slavonic and the bilingual (Slavonic-Romanian) gospels were printed. There are good reasons to assume that these prints were made directly by the initiative of the city council; but this was not an attempt at the conversion of Romanians to the Evangelical faith, but rather an exercise of the duty – emerging from Luther’s theology – to make possible for all people the access to Scripture.
Antimicrobial therapy in infectious complications of diabetic foot
Authors: Marin Ioan , Zaharia Roxana , Lupu Leonard , Rusu Emilia , Radulian Gabriela 
Published: May 2018

Abstract Background and aims: The treatment of diabetic foot complications is combined, surgical and medical. The aim of our study was to assess the results of antimicrobial therapy in diabetic foot infections. Material and methods: 100 patients with diabetic foot infections admitted in the Surgery Clinic “I. Juvara” between December 2010 and February 2011 were analyzed. Results: Mean age at presentation was 58.4±9.74 years for women and 63.2±10.53 years for men. Mean diabetes duration was 12.3 years in men and 15.7 years in women. Patients with peripheral arterial disease represented 45% of cases, patients with neuropathy represented 16% of cases and patients with both conditions 39% of the cases. 41 patients suffered minor surgical interventions, 36 patients experienced minor amputations and 23 major amputations (below or above the knee). Antibiotic treatment included cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and combinations with Metronidazole. After treatment, 74% of patients had a good postoperative evolution. For 26 patients a change of the antibiotic was necessary but only in 10 cases this was made according to antibiogram. Conclusions: Surgical debridement and wound management, carefully chosen antimicrobial therapy and treatment of comorbidities are very important for a successful outcome. Initial empirical antibiotic selection should be followed by culture-guided definitive therapy.
The impact of arterial stiffness on cognitive status in elderly diabetic patients
Authors: Aurelian Sorina Maria , Capisizu Ana , Zamfirescu Andreea , Cheţa Dan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract With age, arteries become more rigid and pulse waves propagate faster. The pathogenic mechanisms that causes vascular stiffness in type 2 diabetes are complex but incompletely understood. An important element in the development of this phenomenon appears to be insulin resistance. One of the first line health problems that persist in the present is the failure to detect cardiovascular diseases in the preclinical stage which is important since more frequent cardiac events (myocardial infarction, sudden death) occur in people without obvious cardiovascular pathology in the medical history. One of the degenerative diseases with the greatest impact on the autonomy is dementia of elderly people. Recent studies have shown the association and even the possible involvement of cardiovascular risk factors and arterial stiffness in the pathogenesis of dementia and cognitive impairment. Although pulse wave velocity in the aorta is related to subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (being an important biomarker of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic individuals), arterial stiffness is also a predictor of cognitive performance, cognitive decline or dementia.
The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Csiszér Irén , Albu Silvu , Neagos Cristian Mircea , Navadarszki Marius , Neagos Adriana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. This study examines the association between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and the pharyngeal parameters using the ultrasound of the submental region.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. For this study, data obtained from 40 patients, who had undergone investigations in the Galenus Medical Centre in order to diagnose sleep apnea, was analyzed. The following parameters were compared: the transverse diameter of the retrolingual region, the transverse diameter of the retropalatal region and the tongue base thickness. These regions were measured at different moments of respiration such as: during forced expiration, during forced inspiration and while the patients performed Müller’s Manoeuvre. The neck circumference, the body mass index of patients and the severity of sleep apnea obtained from polysomnography were analyzed.

RESULTS. The evaluation of the results revealed: severe obstructive sleep apnea in 16 patients, respectively moderate severity in 10 patients, mild apnea in 4 patients, and no obstructive sleep apnea in 10 patients. Statistically significant results (p<0.05) were found after comparing the parameters obtained in patients with severe apnea versus the parameters in patients without apnea, with mild or respectively moderate apnea.

CONCLUSION. Based on the results obtained, we consider that cervical ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis of severe obstructive apnea, identifying the pathological changes of the anatomical structures that basically cause this category of disease. Due to the fact that in our country ultrasound is a relatively inexpensive method, being also a non-irradiating, repeatable and accessible method, it should be more widely applied also in the field of otorhinolaryngology in order to view structures accessible to this type of imaging.
Polysomnography outcomes on patients with obstructive sleep apnea after upper airways repermeabilization surgery
Authors: Tanase Ionut , Manea Claudiu , Sarafoleanu Codrut 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Sleep apnea is a pathology with an ever-increasing spread, the causes being the most diverse. In this study we focus on sleep breathing disorders caused by nasal obstruction and also by soft palate and uvula anatomical changes. The right treatment recommended in this pathology according to the American Academy Sleep Medicine (AASM) is non-invasive ventilation – positive airway pressure (CPAP). A substantial percentage of patients with obstructive sleep apnea seek alternatives to CPAP and the solution for this can be upper airway surgery.

OBJECTIVE. The attempt to demonstrate the viability of upper respiratory tract surgery as an alternative to CPAP treatment, demonstrating objectives by pre- and postoperative polysomnographic control.

RESULTS. Aggregating the data from all 54 patients with nasal obstruction and pharyngeal modifications, we observed a decrease in AHI from 20.406/h to 15.86/h, representing 32.36%, an improvement in sleep architecture and especially REM sleep from 41.5 minutes initially to 67.8 minutes (increased value with 63.37 percent).

CONCLUSION. The benefits of nasopharyngeal repermeabilization surgery are represented by decreasing the severity of respiratory events and, second to this, lowering the number of arousals. By reducing the number of arousals, one will obtain a better percentage regarding the deep sleep phase - REM, having a beneficial effect on reducing the daytime sleepiness – which is a major symptom that patients are present.
Infected nasopalatine cyst or neoplasm
Authors: Amonov Anvar , Yusupov Bakhrom , Khasanov Akbar , Madaminov Akhmad , Shukurov Zohir , Bekmirzaev Rahimjon , Botiralieva Gulrukh , Omonov Azizbek 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The cyst is accumulated fluid or mass in a cavity lined by pathological epithelium. The mandible and the maxilla are bones with high prevalence of cyst formation in the human body. Cystic affections, with or without bone destruction of the hard palate, are considered benign tumours. We present the case of a 20-year-old young man with a cystic lesion of the hard palate having lasted for 7 months.
The Regional Impacts of the Asian Crisis on Governance
Authors: Kaya Halil Dincer 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this study, we examine the regional impacts of the 1997 Asian Crisis on Governance. We use World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (i.e. WGI) which includes six dimensions of governance. These six dimensions are “Voice and Accountability”, “Political Stability and Absence of Violence”, “Government Effectiveness”, “Regulatory Quality”, “Rule of Law”, and “Control of Corruption”. The seven regions that we examine are North America, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Middle East and North Africa. Our findings show that, due to the crisis, while the overall rankings of Latin America and Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa improved, the overall rankings of Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, and Middle East and North Africa declined. There was no change in the ranking of North America due to the crisis. Both pre- and post-crisis, North America has the highest ranking in all six measures of governance.
Developing and Testing a Pioneer Model for Online Shopping Behavior for Natural Flowers: Evidence from Mauritius
Authors: Pudaruth Sharmila , Busviah Dhanishta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper has explored a pioneer model for online shopping behavior for natural flowers in Mauritius. Further to the extensive literature review, a survey method was adopted whereby 200 questionnaires were distributed to respondents using a non-probability convenience sampling method. The empirical estimates of the study have depicted that price, trust, reputation of retailers; education and age have an impact towards online shopping behavior for natural flowers, whilst gender and income do not influence customers. Correlation analysis also revealed that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, behavioral intention and attitudes impacted on the online shopping behavior for natural flowers. A pioneer conceptual model was also proposed in this paper, whereby, policy makers and practitioners of online business can use the model as a reference to pave the way to encourage online purchases. This research represents a different way of understanding online shopping behavior for natural flowers.