bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the heritability of chronic low back pain depend on how the condition is assessed?
Authors: Carvalho‐E‐Silva Ana Paula M. C. , Harmer Alison R. , Pinheiro Marina B. , Madrid‐Valero Juan J. , Ferreira Manuela , Ordoñana Juan R. , H.Ferreira Paulo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the influence of genetics on chronic low back pain (LBP) has been previously examined, few studies have investigated whether the impact of genetic factors on LBP depends on how the condition is assessed.MethodsWe investigated the contribution of genetics and environment on chronic LBP: lifetime prevalence, pain intensity (recent and worst) and activity limitation (anytime and recent) in a cross‐sectional study with 1,598 adult twins. All twins answered a self‐reported questionnaire about health‐related questions. We conducted classic twin analyses using structural equation models to estimate the genetic and environmental influences in LBP phenotypes.ResultsWe found a heritability of 26% (95%CI: 0.09–0.42) for lifetime chronic LBP; 36% (95%CI: 0.18–0.52) and 25% (95%CI: 0.03–0.46) for activity limitation due to chronic LBP, related to lifetime and most recent episode, respectively; and heritability of 35% (95%CI: 0.11–0.55) for pain intensity associated with the most recent episode. Genetics showed no significant influence in pain intensity experienced during the worst LBP episode.ConclusionsGenetic factors appear to significantly contribute to the variance in chronic LBP including lifetime chronic LBP, activity limitation and pain intensity associated with more recent episodes of LBP, but not for pain intensity associated with people's report of the worst pain episode. Heritability estimates was fairly similar across different LBP outcomes in a population‐based twin sample, and not dependent on how it is assessed or experienced. However, we could not detect any significant heritability for a report of intensity experienced during the worst LBP episode experienced.SignificanceHeritability estimates were similar for different low back pain definitions, and therefore not dependent on how chronic low back pain is experienced or assessed, in the same population‐based sample.
Distinct element modelling of the in‐plane cyclic response of URM walls subjected to shear‐compression
Authors: Malomo Daniele , DeJong Matthew J. , Penna Andrea 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe in‐plane capacity of unreinforced masonry (URM) elements may vary considerably depending on several factors, including boundary conditions, aspect ratio, vertical overburden, and masonry texture. Since the overall system resistance mainly relies on the in‐plane lateral capacity of URM components when out‐of‐plane modes are adequately prevented, the structural assessment of URM structures could benefit from advanced numerical approaches able to account for these factors simultaneously. This paper aims at enhancing and optimising the employment of the distinct element method, currently confined to the analysis of local mechanisms of reduced‐scale dry‐joint blocky assemblies, with a view to simulate the experimentally observed responses of a series of URM full‐scale specimens with mortared joints subjected to quasi‐static in‐plane cyclic loading. To this end, a mesoscale modelling approach is proposed that employs a simplified microscale modelling approach to effectively capture macroscale behaviour. Dynamic relaxation schemes are employed, in combination with time, size, and mass‐scaling procedures, to decrease computational demand. A new methodology for numerically describing both unit, mortar and hybrid failure modes, also including masonry crushing due to high‐compression stresses, is proposed. Empirical and homogenisation formulae for inferring the elastic properties of interface between elements are also verified, enabling the proposed approach to be applied more broadly. Using this modelling strategy, the interaction between stiffness degradation and energy dissipation rate was accounted for numerically. Although the models marginally underestimate the energy dissipation in the case of slender piers, a good agreement was obtained in terms of lateral strength, hysteretic response, and crack pattern.
Imidacloprid Poisoning of Songbirds Following a Drench Application of Trees in a Residential Neighborhood in California, USA
Authors: Rogers Krysta H. , McMillin Stella , Olstad Katie J. , Poppenga Robert H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In March 2017, 26 American goldfinches (Spinus tristis) were found dead following a drench application of imidacloprid in California (USA). Identical seed fragments were present in the digestive tracts. Imidacloprid was detected in 4 separate pooled samples from 18 birds, in crop/gizzard contents (4.8 ± 1.3 ppm; range 2.2–8.5 ppm) and liver tissues (3.9 ± 0.6 ppm; range 2.1–4.8 ppm). We suspect that fallen elm (Ulmus sp.) seeds were contaminated with imidacloprid during the drench application and subsequently ingested, resulting in acute toxicity and death. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1724–1727. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
PAMAM: Power analysis in multiancestry admixture mapping
Authors: Gautam Yadu , Ghandikota Sudhir , Chen Siqi , Mersha Tesfaye B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdmixed populations arise when two or more previously isolated populations interbreed. Admixture mapping (AM) methods are used for tracing the ancestral origin of disease‐susceptibility genetic loci in the admixed population such as African American and Latinos. AM is different from genome‐wide association studies in that ancestry rather than genotypes are tracked in the association process. The power and sample size of AM primarily depend on proportion of admixture and differences in the risk allele frequencies among the ancestral populations. Ensuring sufficient power to detect the effect of ancestry on disease susceptibility is critical for interpretability and reliability of studies using AM approach. However, there is no power and sample size analysis tool existing for AM studies in admixed population. In this study, we developed power analysis of multiancestry AM (PAMAM) to estimate power and sample size for two‐way and three‐way population admixtures. PAMAM is the first web‐based bioinformatics tool developed to calculate power and sample size in admixed population under a variety of genetic and disease phenotype models. It is a valuable resource for investigators to design a cost‐efficient study and develop grant application to pursue AM studies. PAMAM is built on JavaScript back‐end with HTML front‐end. It is accessible through any modern web browser such as Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Google Chrome regardless of operating system. It is a user‐friendly tool containing links for support information including user manual and examples, and freely available at https://research.cchmc.org/mershalab/PAMAM/login.html.
THE GENERIC STATUS OF PERENNIAL SPECIES OF LINANTHUS (POLEMONIACEAE)
Authors: Patterson Robert 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe perennial species of Linanthus have been regarded as members of a number of different genera in the Polemoniaceae, the most notable being Leptodactylon, Linanthus, and Linanthastrum. A reexamination of the characters used in taxonomic treatments of this species complex, plus a consideration of new or as yet little considered characters suggests that these species are best included in Linanthus. The genus Linanthastrum is rejected herein based on its original circumscription.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE EXPERIMENTAL PROPAGATION OF BRYOPHYTES
Authors: Shaw Jonathan 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA new method for the experimental propagation of bryophytes involves drying the gametophytes, grinding them to a fine powder, and sowing the powder on native or other kinds of soil. The method is easy and rapid, and results in regeneration of normal morphology. The method can be applied to studies of systematic relationships among congeneric species, ecotypic differentiation, and competition.
TRANSFER OF EREMOTROPA SCIAPHILA TO MONOTROPASTRUM (ERICACEAE: MONOTROPOIDEAE)
Authors: Wallace Gary D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAndres (1953) described Eremotropa sciaphila based on a single collection by Otto Schoch from Yunnan, China made in 1916. Andres's paper came to my attention during preparation of a monograph of the Monotropoideae (Wallace, 1975), and the specimen was finally located and examined. In this paper I shall the consider the description and identity of this most interesting plant.
miR‐330 suppresses EMT and induces apoptosis by downregulating HMGA2 in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Mansoori Behzad , Mohammadi Ali , Naghizadeh Sanaz , Gjerstorff Morten , Shanehbandi Dariush , Shirjang Solmaz , Najafi Souzan , Holmskov Uffe , Khaze Vahid , Duijf Pascal H.G. , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important molecular regulatorsof cellular signaling and behavior. They alter gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs, including those encoding transcriptional regulators, such as HMGA2. While HMGA2 is oncogenic in various tumors, miRNAs may be oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Here, we investigate the expression of HMGA2 and the miRNA miR‐330 in a patient with colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and their effects on oncogenic cellular phenotypes. We found that HMGA2 expression is increased and miR‐330 expression is decreased in CRCs and each predicts poor long‐term patient survival. Stably increased miR‐330 expression in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and SW480 CRC cell lines downregulate the oncogenic expression of HMGA2, a predicted miR‐330 target. Additionally, this promotes apoptosis and decreases cell migration and viability. Consistently, it also decreases protein‐level expression of markers for epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal‐transition (Snail‐1, E‐cadherin, and Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors) and transforming growth factor β signaling (SMAD3), as well as phospho‐ Protein kinase B (AKT) and phospho‐STAT3 levels. We conclude that miR‐330 acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA in CRC by suppressing HMGA2 expression and reducing cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Thus, we identify miR‐330 as a promising candidate for miRNA replacement therapy for patients with CRC.
Expression of the double‐stranded RNA‐dependent kinase PKR influences osteosarcoma attachment independent growth, migration, and invasion
Authors: Piazzi Manuela , Bavelloni Alberto , Greco Sara , Focaccia Enrico , Orsini Arianna , Benini Stefania , Gambarotti Marco , Faenza Irene , Blalock William L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a rare, insidious tumor of mesenchymal origin that most often affects children, adolescents, and young adults. While the primary tumor can be controlled with chemotherapy and surgery, it is the lung metastases that are eventually fatal. Multiple studies into the initial drivers of OS development have been undertaken, but few of these have examined innate immune/inflammatory signaling. A central figure in inflammatory signaling is the innate immune/stress‐activated kinase double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR). To characterize the role of PKR in OS, U2OS, and SaOS‐2 osteosarcoma cell lines were stably transfected with wild‐type or dominant‐negative (DN) PKR. Overexpression of PKR enhanced colony formation in soft agar (U2OS and SaOS‐2), enhanced cellular migration (U2OS), and invasive migration (SaOS‐2). In contrast, overexpression of DN‐PKR inhibited attachment‐independent growth, migration and/or invasion. These data demonstrate a role for inflammatory signaling in OS formation and migration/invasion and suggest the status of PKR expression/activation may have prognostic value.
SCD1 regulates the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and histone acetylation through changes in adenine nucleotide metabolism in skeletal muscle
Authors: Dziewulska Anna , Dobosz Aneta M. , Dobrzyn Agnieszka , Smolinska Agnieszka , Kolczynska Katarzyna , Ntambi James M. , Dobrzyn Pawel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is a rate‐limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. It plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism. Lack of the SCD1 gene increases the rate of fatty acid β‐oxidation through activation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the upregulation of genes that are related to fatty acid oxidation. The mechanism of AMPK activation under conditions of SCD1 deficiency has been unclear. In the present study, we found that the ablation/inhibition of SCD1 led to AMPK activation in skeletal muscle through an increase in AMP levels whereas muscle‐specific SCD1 overexpression decreased both AMPK phosphorylation and the adenosine monophosphate/adenosine triphosphate (AMP/ATP) ratio. Changes in AMPK phosphorylation that were caused by SCD1 down‐ and upregulation affected NAD+ levels following changes in NAD+‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1) activity and histone 3 (H3K9) acetylation and methylation status. Moreover, mice with muscle‐targeted overexpression of SCD1 were more susceptible to high‐fat diet‐induced lipid accumulation and the development of insulin resistance compared with wild‐type mice. These data show that SCD1 is involved in nucleotide (ATP and NAD+) metabolism and suggest that the SCD1‐dependent regulation of muscle steatosis and insulin sensitivity are mediated by cooperation between AMPK‐ and SIRT1‐regulated pathways. Altogether, the present study reveals a novel mechanism that links SCD1 with the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
Clinical translation of gene medicine
Authors: Wang Fazhan , Qin Zhou , Lu Hansi , He Siyan , Luo Jing , Jin Chaohui , Song Xiangrong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGene therapy has recently witnessed accelerated progress as a new therapeutic strategy with the potential to treat a range of inherited and acquired diseases. Billions of dollars have been invested in basic and clinical research on gene medicine, with ongoing clinical trials focused on cancer, monogenic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other refractory diseases. Advances addressing the inherent challenges of gene therapy, particularly those related to retaining the delivery efficacy and minimizing unwanted immune responses, provide the basis for the widespread clinical application of gene medicine. Several types of genes delivered by viral or non‐viral delivery vectors have demonstrated encouraging results in both animals and humans. As augmented by clinical indications, gene medicine techniques have rapidly become a promising alternative to conventional therapeutic strategies because of their better clinical benefit and lower toxicities. Their application in the clinic has been extensive as a result of the approval of many gene therapy drugs in recent years. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical translation of gene medicine, focusing on the key events and latest progress made regarding clinical gene therapy products. We also discuss the gene types and non‐viral materials with respect to developing gene therapeutics in clinical trials.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging for Evaluation of the Cell Density and Angiogenesis of Cirrhosis‐Related Nodules in an Experimental Rat Model: Comparison and Correlation With Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: Luo Jiawen , Zhou Kunpeng , Zhang Bin , Luo Ning , Bian Jie 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIntravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging (IVIM‐DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) are sensitive imaging modalities for detecting liver lesions, but their value in evaluating cirrhosis‐related nodules remains unclear.PurposeTo investigate whether IVIM‐DWI and DCE‐MRI can differentiate different types of cirrhosis‐related nodules, and whether these modalities can monitor changes in cell density and angiogenesis during the malignant transformation of cirrhosis‐related nodules in a rat modelStudy TypeProspective.Animal ModelThirty‐five male Sprague–Dawley rats with 106 cirrhosis‐related nodules (19 regenerative nodules [RNs], 47 dysplastic nodules [DNs], and 40 hepatocellular carcinomas [HCCs]).Field Strength/SequenceIVIM‐DWI and DCE sequence at 3.0T MRI.AssessmentIVIM‐DWI parameters (D, D*, f, and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) and DCE‐MRI parameters (Ktrans, Kep, and Ve) were calculated by two radiologists using postprocessing software. The “cell density” and “unpaired arterial ratio” were analyzed with a microscope by two pathologists.Statistical TestsMRI parameters were compared among the different types of nodules by one‐way analysis of variance or the Kruskal–Wallis test. The Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation of MRI parameters with the pathological types of nodules, cell density, and unpaired arterial ratio.ResultsThe Ktrans, Kep, and Ve values of HCCs were significantly higher than those of DNs and RNs. D and ADC values were significantly lower in HCCs than in DNs and RNs. There were moderate positive correlations of Ktrans with the pathological types of nodules and the unpaired arterial ratio. Moderate negative correlations were observed among D, ADC, and the pathological types of nodules, between D and cell density, and between ADC and cell density.Data ConclusionIVIM‐DWI and DCE‐MRI are valuable in differentiating different types of cirrhotic‐related nodules. D and ADC are correlated with changes in cell density during the malignant transformation of cirrhosis‐related nodules, while Ktrans is correlated with increased angiogenesis.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:812–823.
On the limit Sobolev regularity for Dirichlet and Neumann problems on Lipschitz domains
Authors: Costabel Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe construct a bounded C1 domain Ω in for which the regularity for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems for the Laplacian cannot be improved, that is, there exists f in such that the solution of in Ω and either on or on is contained in but not in for any . An analogous result holds for Sobolev spaces with .
SPARE: Sparse‐view reconstruction challenge for 4D cone‐beam CT from a 1‐min scan
Authors: Shieh Chun‐Chien , Gonzalez Yesenia , Li Bin , Jia Xun , Rit Simon , Mory Cyril , Riblett Matthew , Hugo Geoffrey , Zhang Yawei , Jiang Zhuoran , Liu Xiaoning , Ren Lei , Keall Paul 
Published: June 2019

PurposeCurrently, four‐dimensional (4D) cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) requires a 3–4 min full‐fan scan to ensure usable image quality. Recent advancements in sparse‐view 4D‐CBCT reconstruction have opened the possibility to reduce scan time and dose. The aim of this study is to provide a common framework for systematically evaluating algorithms for 4D‐CBCT reconstruction from a 1‐min scan. Using this framework, the AAPM‐sponsored SPARE Challenge was conducted in 2018 to identify and compare state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.MethodsA clinically realistic CBCT dataset was simulated using patient CT volumes from the 4D‐Lung database. The selected patients had multiple 4D‐CT sessions, where the first 4D‐CT was used as the prior CT, and the rest were used as the ground truth volumes for simulating CBCT projections. A GPU‐based Monte Carlo tool was used to simulate the primary, scatter, and quantum noise signals. A total of 32 CBCT scans of nine patients were generated. Additional qualitative analysis was performed on a clinical Varian and clinical Elekta dataset to validate the simulation study. Participants were blinded from the ground truth, and were given 3 months to apply their reconstruction algorithms to the projection data. The submitted reconstructions were analyzed in terms of root‐mean‐squared‐error (RMSE) and structural similarity index (SSIM) with the ground truth within four different region‐of‐interests (ROI) — patient body, lungs, planning target volume (PTV), and bony anatomy. Geometric accuracy was quantified as the alignment error of the PTV.ResultsTwenty teams participated in the challenge, with five teams completing the challenge. Techniques involved in the five methods included iterative optimization, motion‐compensation, and deformation of the prior 4D‐CT. All five methods rendered significant reduction in noise and streaking artifacts when compared to the conventional Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK) algorithm. The RMS of the three‐dimensional (3D) target registration error of the five methods ranged from 1.79 to 3.00 mm. Qualitative observations from the Varian and Elekta datasets mostly concur with those from the simulation dataset. Each of the methods was found to have its own strengths and weaknesses. Overall, the MA‐ROOSTER method, which utilizes a 4D‐CT motion model for temporal regularization, had the best and most consistent image quality and accuracy.ConclusionThe SPARE Challenge represents the first framework for systematically evaluating state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for 4D‐CBCT reconstruction from a 1‐min scan. Results suggest the potential for reducing scan time and dose for 4D‐CBCT. The challenge dataset and analysis framework are publicly available for benchmarking future reconstruction algorithms.
Class I and II histone deacetylase expression is not altered in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Neuropathological and positron emission tomography molecular neuroimaging evidence
Authors: Dios Amanda M. , Babu Suma , Granucci Eric J. , Mueller Kaly A. , Mills Alexandra N. , Alshikho Mohamad J. , Zürcher Nicole R. , Cernasov Paul , Gilbert Tonya M. , Glass Jonathan D. , Berry James D. , Atassi Nazem , Hooker Jacob M. , Sadri‐Vakili Ghazaleh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is an unmet need for mechanism‐based biomarkers and effective disease modifying treatments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previous findings have provided evidence that histone deacetylases (HDAC) are altered in ALS, providing a rationale for testing HDAC inhibitors as a therapeutic option.MethodsWe measured class I and II HDAC protein and transcript levels together with acetylation levels of downstream substrates by using Western blotting in postmortem tissue of ALS and controls. [11C]Martinostat, a novel HDAC positron emission tomography ligand, was also used to assess in vivo brain HDAC alterations in patients with ALS and healthy controls (HC).ResultsThere was no significant difference in HDAC levels between patients with ALS and controls as measured by Western blotting and reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Similarly, no differences were detected in [11C]Martinostat–positron emission tomography uptake in ALS participants compared with HCs.DiscussionThese findings provide evidence that alterations in HDAC isoforms are not a dominant pathological feature at the bulk tissue level in ALS.