bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
68Ga-DOTATATE
Authors: Delbeke Dominique , Newman Grace , Deppen Steve , Shah Chirayu , Ndolo Josephine , Shi Chanjuan , Bailey Christina E. , Jessop Aaron C. , Sandler Martin P. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To measure the SUVs in the tail of the pancreas compared with normal liver parenchyma and somatostatin receptor–positive lesions.

Materials and Methods

68Ga-DOTATATE PET/low mAs CT of 35 patients were reviewed.

Results
There was no significant difference (P = 0.59) between the SUVaverage of normal liver and the SUVpeak of normal tail. Five patients had uptake in the tail slightly above that of normal liver that were interpreted equivocally. In one of these patients with 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake in a peripancreatic lymph node, proven neuroendocrine tumor underwent a distal pancreatectomy and pathologic examination revealed islet cell hyperplasia.

Conclusions

68Ga-DOTATATE uptake in the tail of the pancreas above that of normal liver indicates a somatostatin receptor–avid lesion. Uptake in the tail of the pancreas equal to the liver can be normal. Patients with uptake equivalent to the liver should undergo further anatomical imaging before procedural intervention.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Giant Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma
Authors: Inanir Sabahat , Kesim Selin , Ergelen Rabia , Tınay İlker , Türköz Hüseyin Kemal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor. Herein, we report a case with an incidentally detected giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT during primary staging for prostate cancer.
Selective Internal Radiation Therapy for Liver Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kesim Selin , Ones Tunc , Ozguven Salih , Dulundu Ender , Baltacioglu Feyyaz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid (PTC) is the most common neoplasm of the thyroid gland that usually invades lymphatics rather than blood vessels. Hematogenous metastasis of PTC is rare, and distant metastasis to the liver is even rarer. Selective internal radiation therapy with 90Y microspheres is a well-recognized technique in the treatment of liver metastases. Herein, we present a case of PTC with radioactive iodine-negative hepatic metastasis detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT and treated with selective internal radiation therapy.
68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Parihar Ashwin Singh , Sood Apurva , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Kumar Rajender , Singh Harmandeep , Dhatt Sarvdeep Singh 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present a case of a 19-year-old woman with Ewing sarcoma of the iliac bone in whom 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT showed high radiotracer activity in the primary tumor. The present case documents the in vivo expression of PSMA in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors and adds on to the list of nonprostatic malignancies showing PSMA expression.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT of Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Due to Appendicular Carcinoid
Authors: Diwaker Chakra , Shah Ravi Kumar , Patil Virendra , Jadhav Swati , Lila Anurag , Bandgar Tushar , Shah Nalini 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Approximately 5% to 15% cases of endogenous Cushing syndrome are due to ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)–producing neuroendocrine tumors, which are commonly located in bronchopulmonary system, thymus, and gastrointestinal tract including pancreas. Although carcinoid tumors of the appendix are revealed in 0.3% of patients undergoing routine appendectomy, ACTH-secreting appendicular carcinoid is a rare entity. We present a case of a 22-year-old woman with ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome due to an appendicular carcinoid, which was localized with the help of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan.
Salvage of Exposed Cardiac Implants Using Fasciocutaneous Rotation Flaps
Authors: Dağdelen Dağhan , Aksoy Alper 
Published: September 2019

Introduction
Implantation rates of cardiac implantable electrophysiological devices (CIEDs) are rising, mainly because of the expansion of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators indications for primary prevention. As the CIED usage increases, CIED-related complications are also in rise. Transvenous approach and laser utilization techniques are replacing the open heart surgeries, for removal of CIED systems that are suspected to be infected. In this study, we aimed to share our new method of fasciocutaneous flap coverage results of patients with exposed CIED systems who were not eligible for the CIED replacement surgery for various reasons.

Patients and Methods
Patients operated with rotational fasciocutaneous flaps with addition of pectoralis fascia, owing to their exposed CIEDs between June 2016 and January 2019, were enlisted. Patients with signs of infection whether systemic or limited to the CIED pocket with or without positive blood cultures were referred to infectious diseases department and not included in this study. Patients included in the study were evaluated retrospectively in terms of demographic data, implanted CIED type, time elapsed from implantation to exposure, from referral to flap coverage operation, total follow-up time, survival ratios during follow-up, and complications related to flap coverage operation. In addition, indications for CIED implantation, patient comorbidities, and culture results obtained from the capsule encompassing the CIED battery unit were included to the evaluation.

Results
A total of 13 patients with exposed CIEDs have undergone total capsulectomy and CIED system coverage with rotational fasciocutaneous flaps. The mean patient age ± SD was 60.2 ± 13.4 years. The average time elapsed from CIED implantation to exposure was 27.3 ± 15.4 months. The average time spanned from initial referral to operation was 6 ± 1.6 days. The most prevalent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. The average time elapsed during operation for pectoral fascia incorporated rotation flaps was 90 ± 10.6 minutes. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the dominant species (46.5%) obtained from capsule cultures. Apart from 1 case of hematoma, no early or late operation–related complication was encountered.

Conclusions
A more precise definition of contamination and infection has to be made in guidelines, which may lead the first group to be treated without extraction. Surgical method defined in this study can be used for the treatment of patients in contaminated CIED subgroup, conserving individuals from risks of device extraction.
Comparing the Health Burden of Living With Nasal Deformity in Actual Patients and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Aldihan Khalid , Alnasyan Abdulmalik , Albassam Abdullah , Alghonaim Yazeed , Aldekhayel Salah 
Published: September 2019

Background
Rhinoplasty is a one of the most commonly performed facial surgery aiming at restoring facial aesthetics and improving quality of life. Utility outcome scores are modern, and emerging tools are used to evaluate the burden of a health state on individuals. The study aims to evaluate the impact of living with nasal deformity among real patients and healthy individuals using utility outcome scores.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Otolaryngology and Plastic Surgery clinics in a tertiary center. Healthy individuals were recruited from public facilities. A case scenario was developed to reflect an imaginary patient (Nora) with a functional and aesthetic nasal deformity and distributed to participants. Three utility outcomes scores were used: visual analog scale (VAS), time trade-off (TTO), and standard gambling (SG).

Results
A total of 407 adult participants were included. Most participants were female (52%). Healthy individuals comprised 71%, and actual patients comprised 29%. Mean VAS score was 0.77 (ie, participants scored Nora's health state as 77%), TTO score was 0.87 (ie, participants were willing to sacrifice 4 years to have Nora's condition corrected), and SD score was 0.91 (ie, participants were willing to take a 9% risk of death to have Nora's condition corrected). Scores differed among actual patients and healthy individuals (P < 0.0001 for VAS and TTO, P = 0.02 for SG).

Conclusion
Living with a nasal deformity has a significant impact on quality of life. Both patients and healthy individuals are willing to trade a significant number of years to get the condition corrected.
Prehospital plasma in injured patients is associated with survival principally in blunt injury: Results from two randomized prehospital plasma trials
Authors: Reitz Katherine M. , Moore Hunter B. , Guyette Frank X. , Sauaia Angela , Pusateri Anthony E. , Moore Ernest E. , Hassoune Adnan , Chapman Michael P. , Daley Brian J. , Miller Richard S. , Harbrecht Brian G. , Claridge Jeffrey A. , Phelan Herb A. , Brown Joshua B. , Zuckerbraun Brian S. , Neal Matthew D. , Yazer Mark H. , Sperry Jason L. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction
Recent evidence demonstrated that prehospital plasma in patients at risk of hemorrhagic shock was safe for ground transport and resulted in a 28-day survival benefit for air medical transport patients. Whether any beneficial effect of prehospital plasma varies across injury mechanism remains unknown.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis using a harmonized data set derived from two recent prehospital plasma randomized trials. Identical inclusion/exclusion criteria and primary/secondary outcomes were used for the trials. Prehospital time, arrival shock parameters, and 24-hour transfusion requirements were compared across plasma and control groups stratified by mechanism of injury. Stratified survival analysis and Cox hazard regression were performed to determine the independent survival benefits of plasma across blunt and penetrating injury.

Results
Blunt patients had higher injury severity, were older, and had a lower Glasgow Coma Scale. Arrival indices of shock and coagulation parameters were similar across blunt and penetrating injury. The percentage of patients with a prehospital time less than 20 minutes was significantly higher for penetrating patients relative to blunt injured patients (28.0% vs. 11.6%, p < 0.01). Stratified Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a significant separation for blunt injured patients (n = 465, p = 0.01) with no separation demonstrated for penetrating injured patients (n = 161, p = 0.60) Stratified Cox hazard regression verified, after controlling for all important confounders, that prehospital plasma was associated with a 32% lower independent hazard for 28-day mortality in blunt injured patients (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.96; p = 0.03) with no independent survival benefit found in penetrating patients (hazard ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.4–3.1; p = 0.78).

Conclusion
A survival benefit associated with prehospital plasma at 24 hours and 28 days exists primarily in blunt injured patients with no benefit shown in penetrating trauma patients. No detrimental effects attributable to plasma are demonstrated in penetrating injury. These results have important relevance to military and civilian trauma systems.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, I.
Lifting the burden: State Medicaid expansion reduces financial risk for the injured
Authors: Scott John W. , Shrime Mark G. , Stewart Barclay T. , Arbabi Saman , Bulger Eileen M. , Cuschieri Joseph , Maier Ronald V. , Robinson Bryce R. H. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND
Injuries are unanticipated and can be expensive to treat. Patients without sufficient health insurance are at risk for financial strain because of high out-of-pocket (OOP) health care costs relative to their income. We hypothesized that the 2014 Medicaid expansion (ME) in Washington (WA) state, which extended coverage to more than 600,000 WA residents, was associated with a reduction in financial risk among trauma patients.

METHODS
We analyzed all trauma patients aged 18 to 64 years admitted to the sole level 1 trauma center in WA from 2012 to 2017. We defined 2012 to 2013 as the prepolicy period and 2014 to 2017 as the postpolicy period. We used a multivariable linear regression model to evaluate for changes in length of stay, inpatient mortality, and discharge disposition. To evaluate for financial strain, we used WA state and US census data to estimate postsubsistence income and OOP expenses for our sample and then applied these two estimates to determine catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) risk as defined by the World Health Organization (OOP health expenses ≥40% of estimated household postsubsistence income).

RESULTS
A total of 16,801 trauma patients were included. After ME, the Medicaid coverage rate increased from 20.4% to 41.0%, and the uninsured rate decreased from 19.2% to 3.7% (p < 0.001 for both). There was no significant change in private insurance coverage. Medicaid expansion was not associated with significant changes in clinical outcomes or discharge disposition. Estimated CHE risk by payer was 81.4% for the uninsured, 25.9% for private insurance, and less than 0.1% for Medicaid. After ME, the risk of CHE for the policy-eligible sample fell from 26.4% to 14.0% (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
State ME led to an 80% reduction in the uninsured rate among patients admitted for injury, with an associated large reduction in the risk of CHE. However, privately insured patients were not fully protected from CHE. Additional research is needed to evaluate the impact of these policies on the financial viability of trauma centers.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Economic analysis, level II.
Arteritic Orbital Ischemia Producing Afferent and Efferent Pupillary Defects
Authors: Hussain Mariam , Kini Ashwini , Al Othman Bayan , Ponce Claudia Prospero , Li Helen , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:
A 67-year-old woman presented with acute loss of vision to no light perception (NLP), a right afferent pupillary defect, and anisocoria with a nonreactive and dilated pupil in the right eye. Fundus examination showed pallid optic disc edema and a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in the right eye. A temporal artery biopsy showed giant cell arteritis (GCA). Orbital involvement in GCA has been reported previously. However the combination of an afferent and efferent pupillary defect, NLP vision, pallid disc edema, and a CRAO in an elderly patient is likely a unique clinical combination that should strongly suggest GCA. Clinicians should be aware of the myriad presentations of GCA, including orbital ischemia.
Lack of apolipoprotein A1 impairs optimal regulatory T cell homeostasis at steady state due to impaired IL-2 signaling
Authors: Gaddis Dalia E. , Wu Runpei , Parks John S. , Sorci-Thomas Mary G. , Hedrick Catherine C. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTApolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the major constituent of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecule, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Our laboratory has previously shown that ApoA1 protects against switching of regulatory T (Treg) cells to atherogenic T follicular helper cells in Western diet-fed mice. However, the role of ApoA1 in modulating Treg cell homeostasis in the absence of atherosclerosis remains uncharacterized. Here, we show that ApoA1 is required for normal Treg cell homeostasis and functioning at steady state. Specifically, lack of ApoA1 decreased the numbers of both natural and induced Treg cells and also lowered Treg cell-based homeostatic proliferation and suppressive functions. Importantly, these changes occurred without affecting other T cell populations. Finally, we determined that the observed phenotypes were caused by changes to cholesterol content and reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor signaling in ApoA1-deficient Treg cells. Overall, our results show that ApoA1-HDL is necessary for Treg cell homeostasis and functioning.
Updated functional annotation of the Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 reference genome
Authors: Farrell Damien , Crispell Joseph , Gordon Stephen V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 is the reference strain for the bovine tuberculosis bacillus. We here report an update to the M. bovis AF2122/97 genome annotation to reflect 616 new protein identifications which replace many of the old hypothetical coding sequences and proteins of unknown function in the genome. These changes integrate information from functional assignments of orthologous coding sequences in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome. We have also added 69 additional new gene names.
Glymphatic Optimal Mass Transport with Lagrangian Workflow Reveals Advective and Diffusion Driven Solute Transport
Authors: Koundal Sunil , Elkin Rena , Nadeem Saad , Xue Yuechuan , Constantinou Stefan , Sanggaard Simon , Liu Xiaodan , Monte Brittany , Xu Feng , Van Nostrand William , Nedergaard Maiken , Lee Hedok , Wardlaw Joanna , Benveniste Helene , Tannenbaum Allen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe presence of advection in neuropil is contested and solute transport is claimed to occur by diffusion only. To address this controversy, we implemented a regularized version of the optimal mass transport (rOMT) problem, wherein the advection/diffusion equation is the only a priori assumption required. rOMT analysis with a Lagrangian perspective of glymphatic system (GS) transport revealed that solute speed was faster in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to grey and white matter. rOMT analysis also demonstrated 2-fold differences in regional particle speed within the brain parenchyma. Collectively, these results imply that advective transport dominates in CSF while diffusion and advection both contribute to transport in parenchyma. In rats with chronic hypertension, solute transport in perivascular spaces (PVS) and PVS-to-tissue transfer was slower compared to normotension. Thus, the analytical framework of rOMT provides novel insights in local variation and dynamics of GS transport that may have implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
Shared regulatory pathways reveal novel genetic correlations between grip strength and neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Gokuladhas Sreemol , Schierding William , Cameron-Smith David , Wake Melissa , Scotter Emma L. , O’Sullivan Justin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMuscle weakness and muscle wasting can be a consequence of aging (sarcopenia) and neuromuscular disorders (NMD). Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified genetic variants associated with grip strength (GS, an inverse measure of muscle weakness) and NMD (multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)). However, how these variants contribute to the muscle weakness caused by aging or NMD remains obscure.MethodsWe have integrated GS and NMD associated SNPs in a multimorbid analysis that leverages high-throughput chromatin interaction (Hi-C) data and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data to identify allele-specific gene regulation (i.e. eGenes). Pathways and shared drug targets that are enriched by colocalised eGenes were then identified using pathway and drug enrichment analysis.ResultsWe identified gene regulatory mechanisms (eQTL-eGene effects) associated with GS, MG, MS and ALS. The eQTLs associated with GS regulate a subset of eGenes that are also regulated by the eQTLs of MS, MG and ALS. Yet, we did not find any eGenes commonly regulated by all four phenotypes associated eQTLs. By contrast, we identified three pathways (mTOR signaling, axon guidance, and alcoholism) that are commonly affected by the gene regulatory mechanisms associated with all four phenotypes. 13% of the eGenes we identified were known drug targets, and GS shares at least one druggable eGene and pathway with each of the NMD phenotypes.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings identify significant biological overlaps between GS and NMD, demonstrating the potential for spatial genetic analysis to identify mechanisms underlying muscle weakness due to aging and NMD.
A novel function of M. tuberculosis chaperonin paralog GroEL1 in copper homeostasis
Authors: Ansari Mohammed Yousuf , Batra Sakshi D. , Ojha Hina , Ashish  , Tyagi Jaya S. , Mande Shekhar C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMycobacterial GroELs namely GroEL1 and GroEL2 belong to the family of molecular chaperones, chaperonins. Chaperonins in Escherichia coli are termed as GroEL and GroES which are encoded by essential genes and are involved in cellular protein folding. GroEL1 has a characteristic Histidine-rich C-terminus contrary to its essential paralog GroEL2 and E. coli GroEL which have hydrophobic (GGM) repeats. Since Histidine richness is likely to be involved in metal binding, in this study we have attempted to decipher the role of GroEL1 protein in chelating metals and the consequent role on M. tuberculosis physiology. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we found that GroEL1 binds copper, nickel and cobalt, with the highest binding affinity to copper. Since copper is known to be toxic at higher concentration, we cultured Wild Type M. tuberculosis H37Rv, groEL1 knock-out and groEL1-complemented strain with increasing concentrations of copper. We found that M. tuberculosis groEL1 knock out strain is more sensitive to copper than the wild type. Further hypothesizing that the probable mode of action of copper is by induction of oxidative stress, we attempted to understand the role of GroEL1 in redox silencing and hydroxyl radical mediated DNA damage. We interestingly found through our in vitro studies that GroEL1 is helpful in protection from copper stress through maintaining redox balance and free radical mediated DNA damage. Thus, these results indicate that the duplication of chaperonin genes in M. tuberculosis might have led to their evolutionary divergence and resulted in a functional divergence of chaperonins.
Establishing RPTE-derived cell lines expressing hTERT for studying BK polyomavirus
Authors: Zhao Linbo , Imperiale Michael J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWe previously established an infection model for BKPyV in primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial (RPTE) cells. Use of these cells is limited by their inability to be passaged extensively. We describe RPTE cells immortalized with hTERT, which can serve as a model system for acute or persistent BKPyV infection.
An improved de novo assembly and annotation of the tomato reference genome using single-molecule sequencing, Hi-C proximity ligation and optical maps
Authors: Hosmani Prashant S. , Flores-Gonzalez Mirella , van de Geest Henri , Maumus Florian , Bakker Linda V. , Schijlen Elio , van Haarst Jan , Cordewener Jan , Sanchez-Perez Gabino , Peters Sander , Fei Zhangjun , Giovannoni James J. , Mueller Lukas A. , Saha Surya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe original Heinz 1706 reference genome was produced by a large team of scientists from across the globe from a variety of input sources that included 454 sequences in addition to full-length BACs, BAC and fosmid ends sequenced with Sanger technology. We present here the latest tomato reference genome (SL4.0) assembledde novofrom PacBio long reads and scaffolded using Hi-C contact maps. The assembly was validated using Bionano optical maps and 10X linked-read sequences. This assembly is highly contiguous with fewer gaps compared to previous genome builds and almost all scaffolds have been anchored and oriented to the 12 tomato chromosomes. We have found more repeats compared to the previous versions and one of the largest repeat classes identified are the LTR retrotransposons. We also describe updates to the reference genome and annotation since the last publication. The corresponding ITAG4.0 annotation has 4,794 novel genes along with 29,281 genes preserved from ITAG2.4. Most of the updated genes have extensions in the 5’ and 3’ UTRs resulting in doubling of annotated UTRs per gene. The genome and annotation can be accessed using SGN through BLAST database, Pathway database (SolCyc), Apollo, JBrowse genome browser and FTP available athttps://solgenomics.net.