bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubility parameter estimation and phase inversion modeling of bentonite‐doped polymeric membrane systems
Authors: Kurada Krishnasri V. , Dutta Madhurima , Jana Animesh , De Sirshendu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTEffects of bentonite concentration on morphology and permeation characteristics of bentonite‐doped polysulfone membranes were investigated. Solubility sphere for bentonite was constructed to estimate its solubility parameter. Thermodynamic modeling of phase inversion of this system was carried out using Flory–Huggins theory. The trade‐off between thermodynamic and kinetic parameters was used to predict the membrane morphology for bentonite concentration varying from 0 to 5 wt %. The porosity of bentonite‐doped membranes decreased up to 3 wt % that increased thereafter. Morphological analysis showed dense cross section with finger‐like macrovoids at 3 wt % beyond which it changed to honeycomb structure with large circular voids. Permeability of 3 wt % membrane was the lowest (5.6 × 10−12 m/Pa s) with 95% bovine serum albumin rejection. Contact angle of the membranes decreased from 83 to 66° with bentonite addition making the membrane more hydrophilic. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48450.
Gaps in the protection of European lakes
Authors: Tsavdaridou Anastasia I. , Moustaka‐Gouni Maria , Katsiapi Matina , Mazaris Antonios D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Protected areas represent the main tool for halting the continuing loss of biological diversity. The number and extent of protected areas is gradually increasing, but this expansion does not always ensure the efficient protection of key species, habitats, and ecosystem functioning. Today, the Natura 2000 network encompasses more than 27 000 sites, representing the cornerstone of conservation strategies throughout Europe. About one‐fifth of the terrestrial surface of the European Union (EU) is now covered by the Natura 2000 network; yet, knowledge remains limited about its efficiency to encompass inland water ecosystems sufficiently.
This study aimed to determine the extent to which the Natura 2000 network covers 5132 European lakes that host fish species and freshwater lake habitat types of conservation interest. A key question investigated was whether the protection coverage of the water bodies reflects the coverage of the terrestrial areas surrounding the lakes. Geographical, socio‐economic, and political parameters were considered as potential descriptors of the observed patterns.
The results demonstrated that although most of these sensitive ecosystems have high protection coverage at water body level, Natura 2000 largely ignores their surroundings. At the catchment level, lower conservation coverage was detected, raising concerns about whether the network offers sufficient protection to wetland species, habitats, and ecosystem functioning against numerous threats operating in the terrestrial areas surrounding water bodies. The results also identified different patterns of coverage in different EU Member States, which might reflect a lack of common practices regarding the implementation of key EU directives.
This study highlighted the necessity of redefining conservation planning towards a systematic, integrated approach. The spatial properties of the landscape and the distribution of potential pressures should be considered at the catchment level of water bodies, as these pressures alter the functionality and services of inland water ecosystems.
Controlled Formation of Thiol‐Thiolate Hydrogen versus Disulfide Bonds between Two Iridium(III) Centers
Authors: Minami Katsue , Kuwamura Naoto , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere, we report an iridium(III) coordination system with 2‐aminoethanethiolate (aet), which shows the formation of S−H⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen and S−S disulfide bonds in a controlled manner. Treatment of fac‐[Ir(aet)3] with aqueous HBF4 under aerobic conditions gave dinuclear [Ir2(aet)4(cysta)]2+ ([1]2+; cysta=cystamine) with a single S−S disulfide bond, while dimeric [Ir2(aet)3(Haet)3](BF4)3 ([2](BF4)3) with a triple S−H⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond was formed by similar treatment under anaerobic conditions. Upon exposure to air, [2]3+ was converted to dinuclear [Ir2(aet)2(Haet)2(cysta)]4+ ([3]4+), in which two IrIII centers are spanned by a double S−H⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond and a single S−S disulfide bond. Complex [3]4+ was interconvertible with [1]2+ via the removal/addition of protons on S donors, accompanied by the intermolecular exchange of the fac‐[Ir(aet)3] units. Complexes [1]2+, [2]3+, and [3]4+, isolated as BF4− salts, were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
In Situ Generation of AgI Quantum Dots by the Confinement of A Supramolecular Polymer Network: A Novel Approach for Ultrasensitive Response
Authors: Zhang You‐Ming , He Jun‐Xia , Zhu Wei , Qu Wen‐Juan , Zhang Zhe , Fang Hu , Yao Hong , Wei Tai‐Bao , Lin Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel approach for in situ generation of AgI quantum dots by the confinement of a pillar[5]arene‐based supramolecular polymer network has been successfully developed. The supramolecular polymer network (SPN‐QP) was constructed by using a bis‐8‐hydroxyquinoline‐modified pillar[5]arene derivative as a host (H‐QP) and a bis‐pyridinium‐modified decane as guest (G‐PD). The SPN‐QP shows ultrasensitive response for Ag+. The limit of detection is about 7.44×10−9 M..Interestingly, when I− was added to the SPN‐QP+Ag+ system, an unexpected strong warm‐white fluorescence emission was observed. After carefu investigation, we found that the strong warm‐white fluorescence emission could be attributed to the in situ formation of AgI quantum dots under the confinement of the supramolecular polymer network (SPN‐QP). Based on this approach, ultrasensitive detection of I− was realized. The limit of detection for I− is 4.40×10−9 M. This study provides a new way for the preparation of quantum dots under the confinement of supramolecular polymer network as well as ultrasensitive detection of ions by in situ formation of quantum dots.
Hybrid Thermo‐Electrochemical In Situ Instrumentation for Lithium‐Ion Energy Storage
Authors: Amietszajew Tazdin , Fleming Joe , Roberts Alexander J. , Widanage Widanalage D. , Greenwood David , Kok Matt D. R. , Pham Martin , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , Bhagat Rohit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCurrent “state‐of‐the‐art” monitoring and control techniques for lithium‐ion cells rely on full‐cell potential measurement and occasional surface temperature measurements. However, Li‐ion cells are complex multi‐layer devices and as such these techniques have poor resolution, limiting applicability. In this work we develop hybrid thermo‐electrochemical sensing arrays placed within the cell. The arrays are integrated into A5 pouch cells during manufacture and are used to create thermal maps in parallel with anode and cathode electrochemical data. The sensor array can be adapted to a range of cell formats and chemistries and installed into commercial or other industrially relevant cells, incorporating enhanced thermal and electrochemical diagnostic capability into a standard cell build.
Control of expression and activity of peroxisome proliferated‐activated receptor γ by Annexin A1 on microglia during efferocytosis
Authors: da Rocha Gustavo Henrique Oliveira , Loiola Rodrigo Azevedo , Pantaleão Lorena do Nascimento , Reutelingsperger Chris , Solito Egle , Farsky Sandra Helena Poliselli 
Published: September 2019

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a protein secreted by phagocytic cells which plays a pivotal role on the resolution of inflammation by enhancing phagocytosis carried out by phagocytes. Which factors and intracellular mechanisms are linked to such actions exerted by AnxA1 are yet to be completely understood. In order to investigate such, BV2 microglial cells were transfected with plasmids aimed at down‐modulating AnxA1 expression and also treated with exogenous recombinant rAnxA1; gene and protein expression of proliferated‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CD36, STAT6 phosphorylation and phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons were investigated. Down‐modulating AnxA1 in BV2 cells impaired gene and protein expression of PPARγ, effects reversed by treatment with recombinant AnxA1 (rAnxA1). Lower levels of CD36 were also verified in AnxA1 down‐modulated BV2 cells. AnxA1‐mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was abrogated due to blockade of PPARγ activation, and in AnxA1 down‐modulated cells exogenous AnxA1 failed to exert any effects on phagocytosis. Lower levels of STAT6/pSTAT6 in AnxA1 down‐modulated BV2 cells suggest the involvement of this transcription factor with PPARγ and CD36 synthesis and actions. Data here shown suggest that there is a probable connection between AnxA1, PPARγ, and CD36, which must all act in association in order for efferocytosis to occur properly. AnxA1‐mediated phosphorylation of STAT6 is probably involved with intracellular pathways involving PPARγ and CD36 actions. These data evidence that PPARγ/CD36 play a role on AnxA1‐mediated efferocytosis in microglial cells.Significance of the studyThe findings of this work provide evidence that the glucocorticoid‐mediated protein annexin A1 modulates PPARγ expression and that PPARγ is important for annexin A1‐mediated efferocytosis. Only recently the interaction between these two factors has begun to be explored, and knowledge on associated cell mechanisms are still scarce. Elucidating how annexin A1 and PPARγ interact with one another provides basis for further research aimed at understanding molecular pathways and cell signaling events involved with these factors, expanding existing knowledge on the anti‐inflammatory effects of such factors.
What next for adolescent forensic mental health research?
Authors: Hales Heidi , Holt Clare , Delmage Enys , Lengua César 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundA small proportion of every nation's young people become sufficiently antisocial to come into contact with the criminal justice system. Many also have disorders of mental health or emotional well‐being. Although countries vary in designating age of criminal responsibility, all must provide services for offenders, perhaps as young as 10, both to help them and safeguard their peers and the wider public.AimThe aim of this article is to map the range of research required to support the development of satisfactory services for young mentally disordered offenders and identify knowledge gaps from a practitioner's perspective.MethodsUsing a public health prevention framework, we identified the main streams of research pertinent to young, mentally disordered offenders and sought examples of each to consider the extent to which they have been used to inform service development in England.FindingsAs in most countries, service development seems first driven by unusual, newsworthy cases. Overall, however, current English provision follows sound primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention principles with parallel tiers of service, including public health initiatives. Primary prevention and more specific treatments are likely to be informed by research findings, but service structure tends to emerge from a wider review base, including criminal justice, social and educational practitioner reviews, and also politics. Thus, services and populations of service users may change in advance of research evidence. Substantial reduction in numbers of young offenders in prison in England, for example, is clearly good in principle, but the intensity of need in the residual group is posing new challenges to which there are, yet, few answers.ConclusionsAlthough the last 15 years of coordinated service development in England has been broadly theoretically based, it has not been systematically assessed to establish what works best for whom. New problems emerging, such as new drugs of misuse, and new opportunities, such as technology for supporting and monitoring, require model studies. More research focusing on correlates of success is essential.
Clinical outcomes of contemporary drug‐eluting stents in patients with and without diabetes mellitus: Multigroup propensity‐score analysis using data from stent‐specific, multicenter, prospective registries
Authors: Kwon Osung , Lee Jung‐Bok , Ahn Jung‐Min , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Duk‐Woo , Park Seung‐Jung ,   for the IRIS‐DES Registry Investigators
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether the diabetic status differentially affects the clinical outcomes with different drug‐eluting stents (DES) has been controversial.Methods and ResultsFrom stent‐specific, prospective DES registries, we evaluated 17,184 patients (11,428 in non‐diabetics and 5,756 in diabetics) who received several contemporary DES: 3570 sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES), 5,023 cobalt‐chromium everolimus‐eluting stents (CoCr‐EES), 2,985 platinum‐chromium EES (PtCr‐EES), 2,913 Resolute zotarolimus‐eluting stents (Re‐ZES), and 2,693 biodegradable‐polymer biolimus‐eluting stents (BP‐BES). The primary outcome was patient‐oriented composite endpoint (POCE, a composite of all‐cause death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization) at 3‐year follow‐up and target‐vessel failure (a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction, and target‐vessel revascularization) at 3 years was also evaluated. In non‐diabetics, the rates of POCE were not significantly different (CoCr‐EES 14.3%, PtCr‐EES 13.0%, Re‐ZES 14.3%, BP‐BES 13.4%, and SES 14.6%; overall p = .39). In diabetics, similar results were revealed (CoCr‐EES 18.4%, PtCr‐EES 20.3%, Re‐ZES 17.3%, BP‐BES 17.7%, and SES 17.8%; overall p = .44). In multiple treatment propensity‐score weighting analysis, regardless of the diabetic status, the hazard ratios for POCE between‐individual comparison were similar. Target‐vessel failure (a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction, and target‐vessel revascularization) was also comparable except the higher ratio of Re‐ZES than PtCr‐EES (hazard ratio 1.25, 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.55, p = .048) in patients without diabetes.ConclusionsIn this clinical‐practice registry study, regardless the diabetic status, the 3‐year rates of the primary outcome were similar among different types of DES, suggesting no differential clinical response between contemporary DES in patients with or without diabetes.
Fabrication of Pd/SiO2 with Controllable Wettability for Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation Activity at Ambient H2 Pressure
Authors: Yang Yanliang , Xie Yanfu , Zhang Jun , Li Dongmi , Deng Dongsheng , Duan Ying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe wettability had great influence on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalyst. In this manuscript, relationship between wettability and catalytic performance was studied by the preparation of Pd/SiO2 with controllable wettability employing surface‐bonded vinyl as the reductant. The surface‐bonded vinyl ensured the reduction of PdCl2 on the hydrophobic surface of SiO2 to afford the hydrophobic Pd/SiO2. The wettability of the catalysts could be adjusted by changing the content of phenyl on the surface. The catalysts were characterized by solid‐state CP/MAS NMR, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, XRD and ICP‐AES as well as water droplet contact angles. The catalysts showed zero‐order kinetics for the hydrogenation of styrene under mild conditions. The activation energy for this reaction was measured by the Arrhenius formula. The wettability was proved to influence the reaction activity by changing the activation energy. The increase in hydrophobicity led to higher activity by decreasing the activation energy for hydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene.
Study on Soybean Oil Plant Wastewater Treatment Using the Electro‐Fenton Technique
Authors: Davarnejad Reza , Sabzehei Meysam , Parvizi Fatemeh , Heidari Saeid , Rashidi Asma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to its low viscosity, soybean oil is commonly used as edible oil. Its production is accompanied by a large amount of wastewater containing hazardous materials like phenolic compounds. In this study, the electro‐Fenton process with response surface methodology was applied for oil removal from wastewater of soybean oil plants. Five independent variables, including reaction time, pH, current density, molar ratio of H2O2 to Fe2+, and volume fraction of H2O2 to wastewater, were investigated for their effects on oil removal. The significant independent variables were optimized by the Box‐Behnken design. The optimum conditions were statistically obtained, and the results were confirmed by experiment. 92.66 % oil removal were experimentally found for the optimum conditions.
Value creation in privately held family businesses: The moderating role of socioemotional wealth
Authors: Martínez‐Romero María J. , Rojo‐Ramírez Alfonso A. , Casado‐Belmonte María del Pilar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article examines value creation (VC) in the context of privately held family businesses using a value‐based management approach. Namely, this paper assesses the influence of five value drivers (operating profit margin, sales growth, income tax rate, investment rate, and leverage) on the VC of family firms, considering the moderating effect of socioemotional wealth (SEW). Evidence from a sample of 188 Spanish family firms indicates a positive moderating effect of SEW on the relationship between operating profit margin, sales growth, and investment rate, and VC, leading to increases in the value of firms. The results emphasize that the importance of SEW and its variations imply heterogeneous strategic behaviours among family firms, and that economic and emotional goals might be compatible.
The MyMOMA domain of MYO19 encodes for distinct Miro‐dependent and Miro‐independent mechanisms of interaction with mitochondrial membranes
Authors: Bocanegra Jennifer L. , Fujita Barbara M. , Melton Natalie R. , Cowan James M. , Schinski Elizabeth L. , Tamir Tigist Y. , Major Michael B. , Quintero Omar A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMYO19 interacts with mitochondria through a C‐terminal membrane association domain (MyMOMA). Specific mechanisms for localization of MYO19 to mitochondria are poorly understood. Using promiscuous biotinylation data in combination with existing affinity‐capture databases, we have identified a number of putative MYO19‐interacting proteins. We chose to explore the interaction between MYO19 and the mitochondrial GTPase Miro2 by expressing mchr‐Miro2 in combination with GFP‐tagged fragments of the MyMOMA domain and assaying for recruitment of MYO19‐GFP to mitochondria. Coexpression of MYO19898‐970‐GFP with mchr‐Miro2 enhanced MYO19898‐970‐GFP localization to mitochondria. Mislocalizing Miro2 to filopodial tips or the cytosolic face of the nuclear envelope did not recruit MYO19898‐970‐GFP to either location. To address the kinetics of the Miro2/MYO19 interaction, we used FRAP analysis and permeabilization‐activated reduction in fluorescence analysis. MyMOMA constructs containing a putative membrane‐insertion motif but lacking the Miro2‐interacting region displayed slow exchange kinetics. MYO19898‐970‐GFP, which does not include the membrane‐insertion motif, displayed rapid exchange kinetics, suggesting that MYO19 interacting with Miro2 has higher mobility than MYO19 inserted into the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mutation of well‐conserved, charged residues within MYO19 or within the switch I and II regions of Miro2 abolished the enhancement of MYO19898‐970‐GFP localization in cells ectopically expressing mchr‐Miro2. Additionally, expressing mutant versions of Miro2 thought to represent particular nucleotide states indicated that the enhancement of MYO19898‐970‐GFP localization is dependent on Miro2 nucleotide state. Taken together, these data suggest that membrane‐inserted MYO19 is part of a larger complex, and that Miro2 plays a role in integration of actin‐ and microtubule‐based mitochondrial activities.
Directly Photoexcited Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Pan Linfeng , Vlachopoulos Nick , Hagfeldt Anders 
Published: September 2019

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis promises to become a sustainable way to harvest solar energy and store it in chemical fuels by means of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Although it is intriguing to shift the fossil‐fuel‐based economy to a renewable carbon‐neutral one, which will alleviate environmental problems, there is still a long way to go before it rivals traditional energy sources. Existing solar water‐splitting devices can be sorted into three categories: photovoltaic‐powered electrolysis, PEC water splitting, and photocatalysis (PC). PEC and PC systems hold the potential to further reduce the cost of devices due to their simple structures in which photoabsorbers and catalysts are closely integrated. PC is expected to be the least expensive approach; however, additional costs and concerns are brought about by the subsequent explosive gas separation. At the heart of all devices, semiconductor photoabsorbers should be efficient, robust, and cheap to satisfy the strict requirements on the market. Therefore, this Review intends to give readers an overview on PEC water splitting, with an emphasis on oxide material‐based devices, which hold the potential to support global‐scale production in the future.
Neogene vegetation shift in the Nepalese Siwalik, Himalayas: A compound‐specific isotopic study of lipid biomarkers
Authors: Neupane Prabhat C. , Gani M. Royhan , Gani Nahid D. , Huang Yongsong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe late Neogene vegetation change of C4 plants replacing C3 plants is widely documented across the world. This vegetation shift has been particularly well‐documented in the Himalayan foreland based on δ13C isotopic data from palaeosol carbonates and bulk organic matter in the Siwalik sedimentary rocks of Pakistan, India and Nepal, showing asynchronous expansion of C4 plants between 8 and ~5 Ma, 9 and 6 Ma, and around 7 Ma, respectively. In this study, compound‐specific isotopic analysis of lipid biomarkers extracted from shale and palaeosols in the palaeomagnetically age‐constrained Nepalese Siwalik is utilized to better understand this vegetation shift. This is the first comprehensive lipid biomarker study in the Nepalese Siwalik, with new isotopic results from the previously undocumented Karnali River section. The δ13C n‐alkane (C27‐31) results from the Surai Khola section suggest C3 plants were dominant between 12 and 8.5 Ma. A stepwise expansion of C4 plants that started gradually at 8.5 Ma escalated rapidly after 5.4 Ma, so that by 5.2 Ma C4 vegetation dominated the landscape. This dramatic ecological shift at the Miocene‐Pliocene boundary was likely linked with an intriguing tectonic‐climate coupling in the Himalayan‐Tibetan region, prompting wetter summers and drier winters that drove C4 grass expansion. However, in the Karnali River section, the data show no clear sign of C4 plant expansion until 5.2 Ma (youngest sample age). In the two study locations separated laterally by ~200 km along tectonic‐strike, this different trend of vegetation change likely indicates local controls like river‐catchment influence. However, it is possible that, similar to the Surai Khola section, C4 plants dominated after 5.2 Ma in the Karnali River section. This study also suggests that the past vegetation makeup of an area is better reconstructed using isotopic signatures of molecular markers than of bulk organic matter or pedogenic nodules.