bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicomycological evaluation of dermatophytosis at tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Rathoriya Shyam Govind , Jain Ankit Kumar , Shinde Kavita A. 
Published: July 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatophytoses are the infection of keratinized tissues such as the epidermis, hair, and nails caused by a group of closely related filamentous fungi known as dermatophytes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a hospital based cross-sectional study. A total number of 150 clinically diagnosed cases of skin, hair and nail infections were randomly selected from all the age groups and of both the sexes, attending Dermatology Outpatient department of CMCH, Bhopal from January 2016-December 2017.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of total 150 subjects, most common clinical type of dermatophytosis, identified in our study, was tinea corporis in 53 (35.3%) subjects followed by tinea cruris in 34 (22.6%) subjects. 134 (89.3%) subjects were tested positive by direct microscopy (KOH mount) and 69 (46.0%) by culture. Highest KOH mount positivity was seen in patient suffering from tinea corporis (94.3%) followed by tinea cruris (94.1%). Culture positivity was highest with tinea corporis (54.7%) followed by tinea lesions on more than one site (47.3%) and tinea cruris (47.0%). In our study, total 69 culture positive samples were isolated and the most common species isolated was T. rubrum in 41 (59.42%) cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study gives valuable insight regarding clinical and mycological pattern of superficial fungal infections in this region as well as shows the importance of mycological examination of dermatophytosis samples for planning effective management. </p>
Doğu Akdeniz’de Denizaltı Telgraf Bağlantıları: Yunanistan’ın Uluslararası Şebekeye Dahil Edilmesi
Authors: Çakılcı Diren 
Published: July 2018

1855 yılından itibaren, telgraf teknolojisinin önemli
mevkiler arasında tesis edilerek haberleşmede kolaylık ve hız sağlanması
Osmanlı Devleti’nin uygulamış olduğu en önemli yatırım politikalarındandır.
1859 yılına gelindiğinde, başta Rumeli topraklarında olmak üzere, yerel ve
uluslararası telgraf hatlarının bizzat devlet eliyle veya yabancı devletler ile
gerçekleştirilen mukavelenameler çerçevesinde çeşitli kumpanyalar aracılığı ile
inşa edilip işletilmeğe başlandığı görülmüştür. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Avrupa
merkezleri ile bağlantı kurması akabinde İngiltere’nin Avrupa’dan Hindistan’a
kadar bir telgraf hattı kurma düşüncesi ve bunun için Çanakkale’den
İskenderiye’ye kadar deniz altından bir kablo döşenmesi projesi de gündeme
gelmiştir. Bu proje Osmanlı Devleti hatlarının stratejik önemini artırmış,
Osmanlı Devleti’ne sınırı bulunan devletler Osmanlı telgraf hatları ile
bağlantı kurmak için teklifler sunmaya başlamıştır. Kendi hatlarını
Çanakkale-İskenderiye hattına bağlayarak uluslararası telgraf haberleşmesine
dahil olmak isteyen devletlerden biri de Yunanistan’dır. 1859 yılında Osmanlı
Devleti’ne sunulan teklifle Pire Limanı ile Sakız Adası arasında bir denizaltı
hattı tesis ederek uluslararası şebekeye dahil olmaya çalışan Yunanistan, bu
projenin tamamlanması ile hedefine ulaşmıştır. Çalışmada, Yunanistan’ın Osmanlı
Devleti’ne yapmış olduğu Pire-Sakız Adası denizaltı telgraf hattı projesi
teklifinin detayları aktarılmış, her iki devletin bu doğrultudaki politikası ve
söz konusu projenin önemi incelenmiştir. Konunun aydınlatılması 19. yüzyıl uluslararası
telgraf haberleşmesi ve Osmanlı telgraf hatlarının stratejik konumu açısından önemlidir.
Norveçli Doktor Hans Dae’nin Gözünden 1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Harbi’nde İlkyardım Ve Tedavi Hizmetleri
Authors: Şimşek Kamuran 
Published: July 2018

Osmanlı
Devleti’nde 19. yüzyılda uzun süren savaşlar nedeniyle cephelerde tıbbi
personel eksikliği yaşanmış, yaralıların tedavilerini aksatmamak amacıyla ülke
dışından tabip getirme yoluna gidilmiştir. 1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Harbi’ndeki
doktor eksikliğini gidermek amacıyla da gerek devlet eliyle gerekse de Salib-i
Ahmer ve Hilal-i Ahmer gibi uluslararası alanda yardım sağlayan cemiyetler
vasıtasıyla ülke dışından doktorlar getirtilmiştir. Bu suretle Norveç ordusunda
görev yapan Hans Dae, Osmanlı topraklarına gelmiş ve ülkesine döndüğünde
savaşın başından sonuna kadar tanık olduğu olayları “1897 senesi Devlet-i Aliyye
ve Yunan Muhârebesi Hakkında Hâtırât ve Mülâhazât” isimli risalesinde
kaleme almıştır. Bu makale, söz konusu rapor vasıtasıyla savaşta Osmanlı ve
Yunan askerlerinin, hastanelerin, yolların, yaralıların ve yaralı nakillerinin
durumu, dolayısıyla savaşın arka planı hakkında bilgi vermek amacını
taşımaktadır.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF DOUBLE-SIDED SOLAR MODULES EFFICIENCY IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Yurchenko Alexey , Yugay Vyacheslav , Neshina Elena 
Published: July 2018

The article presents studies of double-sided solar modules in Kazakhstan. To conduct an experimental research of double-sided solar modules efficiency in the climatic conditions of Central Kazakhstan we have created an experimental solar power plant (SPP) located on the territory of Karaganda State Technical University. The solar power plant consists of four photovoltaic modules of KZ PV 270 M72 type and four photovoltaic modules of FSM-185D type. The rotary system was not used; solar panels are southward (directed to the south). The comparison was made with the solar power plant without orientation system which uses four photovoltaic modules of KZ PV 270 M72 type produced by Astana Solar LLP.
The statistical analysis of information with an assessment of parameters of distribution and criteria for processing of results of scientific experiment is carried out. The correlation and regression analysis is performed. The least square method (coefficient calculation) is used in data processing. We have developed the computational model simulating the SPP by means of which the theoretical averaged values of energy amount generated in kWh/day have been obtained, and the actual values have been received by in-use measurements of SPP parameters within a year. The results of this work showed that the use of double-sided solar modules in Kazakhstan is very promising and can be a decisive factor for their widespread use with the tendency to lower prices.
A systematic approach to 3D echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root
Authors: Hagendorff Andreas , Stoebe Stephan , Tayal Bhupendar 
Published: July 2018

[first paragraph of article]Severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and/or severe abnormalities of the aortic root and the tubular ascending aorta (TAA) are indications for surgical treatment. The correct diagnosis, the choice of optimal treatment, as well as optimal timing of surgery, mainly depend on findings obtained by echocardiography - which is usually the initial diagnostic modality applied in clinical practice. Therefore, an appropriate morphological and functional quantification of the aortic valve (AV) and the aortic root complex is required. Aside from the need of standardization to provide a precise objective evaluation, the use of modern echocardiographic technologies - especially 3D-echocardiography -are less often implemented in clinical routine. The present manuscript focuses on the advantages of transthoracic and transesophageal 3D-echocardiography (TTE, TEE) for an improved assessment of the AV and the aortic root complex to provide accurate and comprehensive measurements for making the correct diagnosis and defining further therapeutic strategies.
Recent Updates on Glucokinase Activators and Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Disrupters for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kaushik Aditi , Kaushik Manish 
Published: July 2018

<P>Introduction: The impairment of glucose metabolism leads to hyperglycemia and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Glucokinase enzyme is the key regulator of glucose homeostasis that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in liver and pancreatic cells. In hepatocytes, GK controls the glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. The action of liver GK is controlled by Glucokinase Regulatory Protein (GKRP) partially. In fasting conditions the GKRP binds with GK and inactivate it from carbohydrate metabolism and serve as new target for treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, the GK activators as potential antidiabetic agents but results in increased risks of hypoglycemia.Conclusion:The allosteric inhibitors of the GK-GKRP interaction are coming as alternative agents that can mitigate the risk associated with GK activators. This review discusses the recent advances and current status of potential molecules targeted to GK activators and GK-GKRP disrupters.</P>
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus Among HIV Positive Patients in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz , Najafi Ehsan , Hadadi Azar , Najafi Masood , Kalantari Saeed , Moradmand-Badie Banafsheh , Tayeri Katayoun , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad 
Published: July 2018

Background:The introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has resulted in the emergence of some metabolic complications including hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus among HIV positive patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus and their associated risk factors in HIV positive patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV positive patients who visited Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran (2004-2013). Medical records of patients were reviewed retrospectively. A logistic regression model was applied for analysis of the association between glycemic status and relevant risk factors.Results:Out of 480 patients who were included in this study, 267 (55.6%) had hyperglycemia, including 28 (5.8%) with diabetes mellitus and 239 (49.8%) with pre-diabetes. The higher frequency of hyperglycemia, was found to be significantly associated with older age (OR for patients ˃40 years old, 2.260; 95% CI, 1.491, 3.247), male gender (OR, 1.555; 95% CI, 1.047, 2.311), higher Body Mass Index (OR for patients with BMI˃25 Kg/m², 1.706; 95% CI, 1.149, 2.531) and prolonged duration of HIV infection (OR for patients with duration of HIV infection ≥60 months, 2.027; 95% CI, 1.372, 2.992).Conclusion:Hyperglycemia, especially pre-diabetes, is highly frequent among Iranian people living with HIV. Male gender, older age, prolonged duration of HIV infection, and higher BMI were associated with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia. Hence, it is important to screen all HIV infected patients at the time of diagnosis and then periodically for hyperglycemia.
The Importance of the Time that Elapses Before Spontaneous Circulation is Established Following an Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sakurai Atsushi , Kinoshita Kosaku , Utagawa Akira , Yamaguchi Junko , Furukawa Makoto , Noda Akihiro 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
In order to clarify indications for therapeutic hypothermia, we retrospectively examined patients resuscitated after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) who recorded an Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) wave V according to the Utstein-style guidelines.

Methods:
Patients who recorded an ABR wave V immediately after resuscitation from OHCA were kept at 34 °C for 48 hours. The cohort was divided into two groups: A favorable neurological outcome group (F group: N=12) and an unfavorable neurological outcome group (U group: N=14). Favorable neurological outcome was defined as Pittsburgh Cerebral-Performance Scale (CPC) 1 or 2 and unfavorable as CPC 3-5. Data used to compare the groups included whether CA was witnessed, if a bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation, presence of cardiac etiology, initial cardiac rhythm and elapsed time from emergency call receipt until Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC).

Results:
Elapsed time from receipt of the emergency call until ROSC was significantly shorter in the F group than in the U group. ROC curve analysis indicated that the cut-off duration was 28 minutes for a favorable neurological outcome.

Conclusion:
For OHCA patients with an ABR wave V, elapsed time from receipt of emergency call until ROSC may be an important parameter within the Utstein-style guidelines to determine the usefulness of therapeutic hypothermia.
The Association Between Negative Attributional Style and Working Memory Performance
Authors: Saylik Rahmi , Szameitat Andre J. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction:It has been proposed that negative attributions contribute to impairment in cognitive task processing. However, it is still unknown whether negative attributions influence task processing in all cognitive tasks.Methods:To investigate this, 91 healthy participants completed attributional style questionnaire and performed three Working Memory (WM) tasks, which associated with different functions of WM (i.e. Central Executive System (CES) and visuospatial sketchpad).Results:The results demonstrated that negative attributions contribute to the impairment in cognitive tasks which is associated with spatial working memory rather than main central executive functions (i.e. switching and inhibition).Conclusions:It is concluded that negative attributions may selectively disrupt spatial working memory functions, thus a detrimental effect of negative attributions may be task specific.
PATENT V/S MONOPOLY-A CASE STUDY
Authors: Meena Mahendra , Badjatya Jitendra Kumar 
Published: July 2018

Provisions of Compulsory License balance this law between interest of Inventor & public as through these provisions License can be provided to others if the invention did not use sufficiently for Public.
In case of medicine this law remains in debate from its beginning as Drugs are essential & Life saving commodities & monopoly on drugs products can make them inaccessible to poor people.
Big Pharma players tries to extend monopoly on their patented products through subsequently filling frivolous Patents as report says that most of the Patents filed remain as minor modifications than any breakthrough invention. This practice doesn’t provide more new Drugs molecules which can help in fighting new form of disease, through this practice Pharma companies only tries to increase their profits.
TRIPS AND INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Tannan S. K. , Badjatya J. K. 
Published: July 2018

The TRIPs Agreement has led to a reinforcement of the protection of intellectual property, particularly in many developing countries. From the point of view of transfer of technology, the imitation of technologies from industrialized countries and the marketing of the resulting products will now be more difficult. The MNCs are also expanding vigorously in the generic segments. They are trying to grow not only organically, but through mergers and acquisitions and strategic alliance with Indian generic companies.
90% of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry was dominated by the Global companies that imported most of the drugs. During the early 1970s, the Indian players gradually gained prominence as a result of the Indian Patent Act, 1970 which allowed Indian companies to reverse engineer Patented Molecules and launched them in the domestic markets.
PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Shrey , Bodla R. B. , S. Shweta , Pathak D. P. 
Published: July 2018

ICH is “International Conference on Harmonization” of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. The goal of ICH is to discuss and establish common guidelines by bringing together three ICH regions i.e. USA, Japan and EU and to make information available on ICH, its activities and guidelines. The guidelines have become more relevant for Generic’s Drug Approval. Drug Development and manufactures are more and more global. Harmonization is considered more important than ever, as it facilitates work sharing, efficient use of resources and access to medicines. The objective of harmonization is meant for economical use of human, animal and other resources and the elimination of unnecessary delay in the global development and of availability of new medicines whilst maintaining safeguards on quality, safety and efficacy.
The present discussion of the review is on ICH guidelines for quality control focussing mainly on Quality Risk Management (Q9). Quality control is a process that is used to ensure a certain level of quality in a product or service. It might include whatever action a business deems necessary to provide for the control and verification of certain characteristics of a product or service. Most often, it involves thoroughly examining and testing the quality of products or the results of services. The basic goal of this process is to ensure that the products or services that are provided meet specific requirements and characteristics, such as being dependable, satisfactory, safe and fiscally sound.
Quality risk management is a systematic process for the assessment, control, communication and review of risks to the quality of the drug product across the product lifecycle. Two primary principles of quality risk management are:

The evaluation of the risk to quality should be based on scientific knowledge and

Ultimately linked to the protection of the patient; and

The level of effort, formality, and documentation of the quality risk management process should be commensurate with the level of risk.
PROBIOTIC FUNCTIONAL FOOD VS DRUGS: IMPACT OF INDIAN REGULATORY STATUS ON DESIGN OF QUALITY CONTROL GUIDLINES FOR PROBIOTICS
Authors: Singh Neetu , Gupta Manish 
Published: July 2018

Probiotic now a day's generally utilized all around the globe because of headway as a part of the relationship in the middle of nourishment and wellbeing other than their promising helpful advantages and irrelevant reactions. Indian probiotic industry is accomplishing its pace at relentless rate with open doors for fast development in not so distant future. Indian probiotic business sector is esteemed at US $310 million in 2011, is required to witness US $522.8 million by 2018. Presentation of a scope of pharmaceutical probiotic definitions in the business sector further expanded the turnover of probiotic industry. The eventual fate of probiotic sustenance's is notwithstanding encouraging, as current buyers are concerned to keep up their own wellbeing, and expect the nourishment that they eat to be solid and equipped for counteracting ailment. this is the time when Indian regulatory bodies/ authorities should prepare a guideline to evaluate efficacy claims rigorously, and by consumers interested in potential therapeutic and preventive health benefits. The Indian marketplace is a mixed bag of products, some well-defined and properly evaluated in controlled clinical studies and others with unsubstantiated claims of efficacy. Validation of probiotic contents in commercial products is needed to ensure consumer confidence. Probiotics must be identified to the level of strain, must be characterized for the specific health target, and must be formulated into products using strains and doses shown to be efficacious. Several characteristics commonly presumed to be essential to Probiotics, such as human origin and the ability to improve the balance of the intestinal microbiota, are discussed.
CRITICAL SURVEY ON THE GUIDELINES UNDER RECOMMENDATION OF CHILD RESISTANT PACKAGING FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Gupta Manish 
Published: July 2018

Child resistant packaging is an integral part of packaging industry. In order to reduce the risk of poisoning in children due to accidental ingestion of hazardous chemicals like over - the - counter (OTC) medications, household items, pesticides & automobile chemicals, led the US Congress to pass the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 under the authorship of US Senator Frank E. Moss (Politician).(1)
The introduction of child resistant packaging resulted in considerable drop in the rate of poisoning. Guidelines of various countries helps in preventing forty to eighty percent of childhood poisoning. The World Health Organization & UNICEF states that Child Resistant Packaging is one of the best documented success in preventing poisoning in children.
DIE WICHTIGSTE ALLER KÜNSTE: DER FILM ALS MEDIUM DES GEDÄCHTNISSES IN DER NACHKRIEGSPERIODE. DER WIDERSTAND IN NEPOȚII GORNISTULUI UND DAS BEIL VON WANDSBECK
Authors: GYÖNGY Antonela 
Published: July 2018

The Most Important of All Arts: Constructing the Film as a Medium of Collective Memory in the Postwar Period: the Resistance in Nepoții Gornistului and Das Beil von Wandsbeck. The post-war period represented a time of political and social upheaval that largely affected collective memory. The present paper explores the question of how this collective memory was constructed by the medium of cinematography in Romania and GDR. On the basis of two film analysis, the topos of the resistance fighter is firstly examined as a main negotiation subject between filmmakers and party officials, in order to finally draw comparative conclusions on memory politics in both states.

Zusammenfassung: Die Nachkriegszeit stellte eine Zeitspanne der politischen und sozialen Umwälzungen dar, von denen das kollektive Gedächtnis weitgehend betroffen wurde. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie dieses Gedächtnis durch das Medium Film in Rumänien und DDR konstruiert wurde und versucht dabei anhand zweier Filmanalysen den Topos des Widerstandskämpfers als Gegenstand der Aushandlung zwischen Filmschaffenden und Parteifunktionären zu erfassen, um schließlich die gedächtnispolitischen Verhältnisse in Rumänien und DDR komparativ beleuchten zu können.
Schlüsselwörter: kollektives Gedächtnis, Widerstand, Film, Rumänien, DDR
Musically Creolizing Subjects: Re(envisioning) world music education
Authors: Hess Juliet 
Published: July 2018

This paper explores possibilities for constructing creole subjects through world music education. Creolization results from the “fusing and mixing of cultures forced to cohabit together to render something else possible” (Walcott, 2009, p. 170 citing Hall, 2003, p. 193). As cultures fuse musically, our identity shifts. We become creole subjects through the encounters we experience, particularly, Walcott (2009) posits, in highly diverse urban spaces. The mobile nature of cultures is intrinsic to world music. My participation in an Ewe ensemble in Toronto demonstrates that cultures travel musically. The question then becomes: when cultures travel, who or what is refigured or remade and what becomes possible after the encounter? I posit that these encounters affect all parties; people become creole subjects—subjects constantly affected by their continuously changing cultural environments.
In this paper, I think about this idea from a utopian perspective. I find thinking in this manner particularly useful in thinking about the future. In many ways, I feel we are mired down in academia with discussions of race and the “crisis of raciology” (Gilroy, 2000, Chapter 1) and that it might be quite productive to think beyond. I begin by arguing that there is the potential for world music education to be a colonizing project. I look specifically to Said (1993) and Thobani (2007) to inform my thinking on this topic. From there, I explore what might happen when an encounter facilitated through world music education occurs and the impact that this encounter could have on the way we define the category of the human. Finally, I think about what might occur after this encounter and redefinition take place.