bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Test Forms and Numerous Apertures of Cibicidella variabilis (d’Orbigny) from The Turkish Coast of Eastern Aegean Sea
Authors: MERİÇ Engin , AVŞAR Niyazi , YOKEŞ M. Baki , ŞAROĞLU Fuat , ÖLMEZ Erdoğan , BARUT İpek F. 
Published: March 2018

In the last ten years, morphological abnormalities and colored tests have been observed in benthic foraminifera specimens collected from Aegean and Southwestern coasts of Turkey. Specific morphological abnormalities show distinct distribution patterns, suggesting the need for special environmental conditions facilitating the development of such abnormalities. Physical and chemical parameters have been proposed to be responsible for these morphological changes. The benthic foraminifera, Cibicidella variabilis (d’Orbigny) specimens have been collected from different locations on the East Aegean coast of Turkey. Some of them, especially those from Dikili Bay, were found to have variable number of apertures, ranging from one to five. These apertures not structurally, but positionally differ. The abundance of certain test forms in specific locations draws attention. The aim of this study is to determine the possible causes of this aberrant morphology observed in tests of Cibicidella variabilis (d’Orbigny).Cibicidella variabilis (d’Orbigny) shows a wide distribution range on the Aegean coast of Turkey, and has been found in Saros Bay, Gökçeada, Bozcaada, Çanakkale, Edremit Bay, Dikili Bay, Çandarlı Bay, Karaburun Peninsula, Kuşadası, Güllük Bay, Gulf of Gökova, Gulf of Datça, and Marmaris Bay. But, the individuals collected from Gulf of Edremit, Dikili Bay, Çandarlı Bay, Gulf of Gökova, and Gulf of Datça were morphologically different than those collected from the rest of the regions. The variation in the number of apertures, as well as their positions were typical in these samples. Besides, the variations in the shape of the tests observed in adult individuals, but not in juveniles indicates that some environmental factors, which were specific to these regions, might have been involved in this unusual test development. The submarine springs caused by the tectonic activities are typical of the Aegean Sea. It is well documented that these kinds of springs change the characteristics of the surrounding habitat and its fauna. Therefore, it is possible that some of the trace elements, which are abundant in hot spring waters, may be related with the abnormal test morphology observed in our samples. On the other hand, it is also possible that, not only the chemical and physical conditions of the surrounding water, but also its biological properties may affect the test development.
Toujours pas de chrysanthèmes pour les variables lourdes de la participation électorale
Authors: Braconnier Céline , Coulmont Baptiste , Dormagen Jean-Yves 
Published: March 2018

En prenant appui sur l’Enquête participation électorale 2017 de l’Insee, donc sur des données d’une particulière solidité qui échappent au biais de sélection, d’auto-sélection et de déclaration, les auteurs montrent que la hausse de l’abstention enregistrée au cours de la séquence électorale 2017 – réelle mais contenue à la présidentielle, spectaculaire pour les législatives – n’est pas porteuse d’un processus d’égalisation des citoyens devant le vote. Au contraire, les inégalités socio-démographiques de participation n’ont fait que s’accroître au cours de la dernière décennie. Elles sont en premier lieu la conséquence des inégalités de scolarisation. La pertinence du modèle sociologique d’explication de la participation s’en trouve largement confirmée.
L’espace électoral des grandes villes françaises
Authors: Rivière Jean 
Published: March 2018

Dans la tradition de la géographie électorale quantitative, cet article analyse les dynamiques électorales du scrutin présidentiel français de 2017, en travaillant à l’échelle des bureaux de vote des villes de plus de 100 000 habitants (soit environ 5 000 bureaux localisés dans une trentaine de villes). Il s’attache à comprendre les transformations de l’espace électoral en croisant les résultats du scrutin de 2017 avec ceux enregistrés en 2012, d’une part, et à établir l’intensité des relations statistiques entre comportements électoraux et structures sociales localisées, d’autre part. Il propose ensuite une typologie socio-électorale des bureaux de vote et insiste enfin sur la variabilité spatiale des relations établies entre votes et structures sociales.
L’impact du genre sur le vote Marine Le Pen
Authors: Amengay Abdelkarim , Durovic Anja , Mayer Nonna 
Published: March 2018

Le « Radical Right Gender Gap » désigne la moindre propension des femmes à voter pour les droites radicales. C’était vrai du temps de Jean-Marie Le Pen, moins depuis que sa fille lui a succédé. À l’élection présidentielle de 2012, les électrices ont autant voté pour elle que les électeurs, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Puis l’écart est revenu aux élections intermédiaires qui ont suivi et il a de nouveau disparu à l’élection présidentielle de 2017. Cet article cherche à comprendre ces variations en croisant les effets du genre, de l’appartenance générationnelle et des traits de personnalité sur le vote Le Pen, à partir des French Election Studies (1988-2017).
Running to stand still
Authors: Tiberj Vincent 
Published: March 2018

Longtemps, le clivage gauche/droite a façonné les identités politiques des Français. Pourtant, l’élection d’Emmanuel Macron, les très mauvais scores des partis de gouvernement de gauche et de droite pourraient marquer le déclin de ces manières de se positionner et de se penser en politique. Dans cet article, on s’interroge sur ce que signifie être de gauche, de droite ou d’ailleurs, entre les années 1980 et 2017. Pour ce faire, on teste la pertinence des grandes variables d’analyse sociologiques, mais aussi les dimensions de valeurs. On mesure ainsi combien la gauche et la droite se sont restructurées notamment autour des oppositions sur les valeurs culturelles et socio-économiques.
Les trois électorats de la primaire de la droite et du centre
Authors: Gouard David , Audemard Julien , Boyadjian Julien , Marchand-Lagier Christèle , Mathieu Romain , Olivier Laurent , Theviot Anaïs 
Published: March 2018

Cet article interroge les ressorts sociaux et politiques de la mobilisation électorale lors de la primaire de la droite et du centre de novembre 2016 au travers d’une enquête par questionnaires « sortie des urnes » menée dans sept bureaux de vote métropolitains. Au-delà de la logique « censitaire » de ce scrutin, l’étude souligne les formes diversifiées de politisation des électeurs mobilisés, dont certaines sont acquises au contact des réseaux partisans tandis que d’autres, majoritaires, semblent plus étroitement liées à des effets de position sociale. La large victoire de F. Fillon lors de ce scrutin s’interprète ainsi comme une double capacité à répondre aux attentes des électeurs les plus acquis à la droite et à exploiter les réseaux partisans locaux.
Le déclenchement des primaires ouvertes chez les républicains et au parti socialiste
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi , Treille Éric 
Published: March 2018

Dans un contexte de délégitimation des partis, l’adoption et le déclenchement des primaires de 2016-2017 ont été marqués par des facteurs structurels et des éléments conjoncturels, des logiques d’imitation et des luttes politiques. À LR, d’abord contestées, elles ont été fortement cadrées, accréditant la thèse de sa performance électorale. Au PS, elles ont été plus tardives, beaucoup moins maîtrisées et consenties dans l’urgence afin de relégitimer le président sortant, soulignant le caractère irréversible du précédent de 2011. Dans les deux cas, la défaite des candidats désignés à l’élection présidentielle rappelle le caractère incertain de la primarisation du système partisan français.
Les parrainages des candidats à l’élection présidentielle
Authors: Magni-Berton Raùl , Poyet Corentin 
Published: March 2018

Pour la première fois de l’histoire de la V e République, les résultats détaillés des parrainages de l’élection de 2017 ont été intégralement publiés par le Conseil constitutionnel. Cet article exploite ces données pour comprendre le comportement électoral de ces « grands électeurs à la française ». L’article montre que les comportements des parrains sont influencés par la proximité de l’élu aux centres de pouvoir et l’appartenance partisane de l’élu. Il souligne le rôle fondamental des maires des communes rurales dans la multiplication des candidatures lors de l’élection présidentielle. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des maires sont fortement associées à leur choix de parrainages.
Een schip op het strand is een baken in zee
Authors: Claeys Jasmien , Bisschop Lieselot 
Published: March 2018

European ships on South East Asian beaches. Shipbreaking, environmental harm and state-corporate crime.
Shipbreaking is the dismantling of discarded vessels to reuse parts and recycle secondary raw materials. The majority of discarded vessels ends up on Southeast Asian beaches, dismantled without regard for the environment or human health. Our case study analyses the environmental crime of shipbreaking by using the theoretical framework of state-corporate crime as a frame of analysis. We focus on Germany and Greece as countries of origin and Bangladesh as a country of destination. Our findings show that shipbreaking is the result of a complex criminogenic interplay of economic and political actors on national as well as international level.
Dochters van de jihad
Authors: Van San Marion 
Published: March 2018

Daughters of Jihad
Since it has become apparent that so many Western women have travelled to Syria and Iraq to join Islamic State, there is a relentless stream of publications dealing with the motivations of these women to join the terrorist organization. Most of these publications, based on ‘open sources’, are focusing on the motives spread by the women via social media. These social media reports, however, only provide a distorted view of the women’s motives. This article is based upon ethnographic research focusing on 28 Belgian and Dutch families, whose daughters have left for Syria to join the armed struggle.Although the existing literature shows that the feelings of exclusion in Western societies by Muslim women is seen as an important motive for their departure to Syria, the conversations with the families rarely supported this. Moreover, religion and ideology have played a minor role in the departure of their daughters from the perspective of the families, compared to what literature suggests. According to the families the departure of their daughters was mainly driven by romantic motives and the problems they were dealing with in their daily lives.
De impact van criminaliteit op de lokale belastingontvangsten
Authors: Smits Nik , Goeminne Stijn 
Published: March 2018

Tiebout and crime: how crime affects income tax capacity
This paper empirically investigates whether the Flemish local income tax base yield in 306 Flemish municipalities is sensitive to changes in the local crime level between 2000 and 2014. There are two underlying assumptions. First, in a Tiebout world, rational voters holding the local government accountable for the safety of its citizens move when the local level of security becomes too greatly alienated from what they want it to be (first assumption). If migration is due to crime, the wealthier citizens are expected to move first. Consequently, the average income per capita and thus the income distribution will be affected, which in turn will influence the local income tax base yield (second assumption). By confirming both assumptions, evidence is presented for a relation between changes in local crime rates and the income tax base yield of Flemish municipalities, occurring through household mobility.
Trimaran Structural Weight Optimization Based on Classification Rules
Authors: Du Lin , Pinto Gabriel Oliveira , Hefazi Hamid , Sahoo Prasanta 
Published: March 2018

Structural optimization is one of the important aspects of the overall ship design process. A number of advanced optimization tools are available. As these tools require large computational resources, they are not suitable for use in the preliminary design stages, when many important aspects of the design, such as overall dimensions and hull configurations, are determined. This article describes the development of an efficient structural weight optimization method for a trimaran hull form within the governing rules and regulations of the classification society. The method is particularly useful in the early design stage because of its simplicity. Two trimaran hull forms (HSTT-180 and TriFerry) are selected and optimized using the multi-island genetic algorithm optimization process. The weight optimization process achieved a weight reduction for HSTT-180 and TriFerry of about 32.85% and 8.95%, respectively. Furthermore, in both cases, optimum structural weights were obtained with smaller values of main-hull and side-hull stiffener spacing but higher values of main-hull frame spacing. Results obtained indicate that the structural weight of trimaran designs, such as those referenced here, can be substantially reduced by advanced optimization methods.

1. Introduction
High-speed ships are of increasing interest for diverse applications, including military and commercial purposes. Hydrodynamic requirements for many high-speed concepts can only realistically be addressed by multihull designs since multihull ships provide better performance than monohull ships at high speeds. Trimaran hull form vessels, in particular, can offer several favorable characteristics over comparable monohulls, including fuel efficiency and the possibility of superior seakeeping characteristics (Fuentes et al. 2015). Trimarans are designed as Ro-Ro and passenger ships, ferries, containers, and military vessels.
Multidisciplinary design and optimization (MDO) of trimarans, particularly at the synthesis design level, is an active area of research (Hefazi et al. 2010, 2011). A major element of the MDO process is the development of a structural optimization subsystem to investigate the impact of variations in vessel configurations on structural design and weight. A number of advanced analysis tools for calculation of structural weight are available. However, these tools require large computational resources and time and as such are not suitable to use in the preliminary design stages. Ironically, that is when many important aspects of the design, such as overall dimensions and hull configurations, are often determined. Therefore, an efficient method for calculation of structural weight, and its integration in an automated optimization process, is highly desirable and is the focus of this article. This approach allows structural weight optimization to be included in determining important principal characteristics of the ship at the early stage of the design.
Functional Group, Biomass, and Climate Change Effects on Ecological Drought in Semiarid Grasslands
Authors: Wilson S. D. , Schlaepfer D. R. , Bradford J. B. , Lauenroth W. K. , Duniway M. C. , Hall S. A. , Jamiyansharav K. , Jia G. , Lkhagva A. , Munson S. M. , Pyke D. A. , Tietjen B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWater relations in plant communities are influenced both by contrasting functional groups (grasses and shrubs) and by climate change via complex effects on interception, uptake, and transpiration. We modeled the effects of functional group replacement and biomass increase, both of which can be outcomes of invasion and vegetation management, and climate change on ecological drought (soil water potential below which photosynthesis stops) in 340 semiarid grassland sites over 30 year periods. Relative to control vegetation (climate and site‐determined mixes of functional groups), the frequency and duration of drought were increased by shrubs and decreased by annual grasses. The rankings of shrubs, control vegetation, and annual grasses in terms of drought effects were generally consistent in current and future climates, suggesting that current differences among functional groups on drought effects predict future differences. Climate change accompanied by experimentally increased biomass (i.e., the effects of invasions that increase community biomass or management that increases productivity through fertilization or respite from grazing) increased drought frequency and duration and advanced drought onset. Our results suggest that the replacement of perennial temperate semiarid grasslands by shrubs, or increased biomass, can increase ecological drought in both current and future climates.
Midlatitude Plasma Bubbles Over China and Adjacent Areas During a Magnetic Storm on 8 September 2017
Authors: Aa Ercha , Huang Wengeng , Liu Siqing , Ridley Aaron , Zou Shasha , Shi Liqin , Chen Yanhong , Shen Hua , Yuan Tianjiao , Li Jianyong , Wang Tan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper presents observations of postsunset super plasma bubbles over China and adjacent areas during the second main phase of a storm on 8 September 2017. The signatures of the plasma bubbles can be seen or deduced from (1) deep field‐aligned total electron content depletions embedded in regional ionospheric maps derived from dense Global Navigation Satellite System networks, (2) significant equatorial and midlatitudinal plasma bite‐outs in electron density measurements on board Swarm satellites, and (3) enhancements of ionosonde virtual height and scintillation in local evening associated with strong southward interplanetary magnetic field. The bubbles/depletions covered a broad area mainly within 20°–45°N and 80°–110°E with bifurcated structures and persisted for nearly 5 hr (∼13–18 UT). One prominent feature is that the bubbles extended remarkably along the magnetic field lines in the form of depleted flux tubes, reaching up to midlatitude of around 50°N (magnetic latitude: 45.5°N) that maps to an altitude of 6,600 km over the magnetic equator. The maximum upward drift speed of the bubbles over the magnetic equator was about 700 m/s and gradually decreased with altitude and time. The possible triggering mechanism of the plasma bubbles was estimated to be storm time eastward prompt penetration electric field, while the traveling ionospheric disturbance could play a role in facilitating the latitudinal extension of the depletions.
Dosimetric comparison of three intensity‐modulated radiation therapies for left breast cancer after breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Zhang Huai‐wen , Hu Bo , Xie Chen , Wang Yun‐lai 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate dosimetric differences of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in target and normal tissues after breast‐conserving surgery.MethodsIMRT five‐field plan I, IMRT six‐field plan II, and field‐in‐field–direct machine parameter optimization–IMRT plan III were designed for each of the 50 patients. One‐way analysis of variance was performed to compare differences, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsHomogeneity index of plan III is lower than those of plans I and II. No difference was identified in conformity index of targets. Plan I exhibited difference in mean dose (Dmean) for the heart (P < 0.05). Plan I featured smaller irradiation dose volumes in V5, V20 (P < 0.05) of the left lung than II. Plan I exhibited significantly higher V5 in the right lung than plans II and III (P < 0.05). Under plan I, irradiation dose at V5 in the right breast is higher than that in plans II and III. Patients in plan III presented less total monitor unit and total treatment time than those in plans I and II (P < 0.05).ConclusionIMRT six‐field plans II, and field‐in‐field–direct machine parameter optimization–IMRT plans III can reduce doses and volumes to the lungs and heart better while maintaining satisfying conformity index and homogeneity index of target. Nevertheless, plan II neglects target movements caused by respiration. In the same manner, plan III can substantially reduce MU and shorten patient treatment time. Therefore, plan III, which considers target movement caused by respiration, is a more practical radiation mode.
Walnut‐Like Multicore–Shell MnO Encapsulated Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Nanocapsules as Anode Material for Long‐Cycling and Soft‐Packed Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Guoyin , Wang Lei , Lin Huinan , Ma Liaobo , Zhao Peiyang , Hu Yi , Chen Tao , Chen Renpeng , Wang Yanrong , Tie Zuoxiu , Liu Jie , Jin Zhong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMetal oxide‐based nanomaterials are widely studied because of their high‐energy densities as anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. However, the fast capacity degradation resulting from the large volume expansion upon lithiation hinders their practical application. In this work, the preparation of walnut‐like multicore–shell MnO encapsulated nitrogen‐rich carbon nanocapsules (MnO@NC) is reported via a facile and eco‐friendly process for long‐cycling Li‐ion batteries. In this hybrid structure, MnO nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed inside carbon nanoshells, which can simultaneously act as a conductive framework and also a protective buffer layer to restrain the volume variation. The MnO@NC nanocapsules show remarkable electrochemical performances for lithium‐ion batteries, exhibiting high reversible capability (762 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and stable cycling life (624 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1). In addition, the soft‐packed full batteries based on MnO@NC nanocapsules anodes and commercial LiFePO4 cathodes present good flexibility and cycling stability.
A Decade of Iontronic Delivery Devices
Authors: Arbring Sjöström Theresia , Berggren Magnus , Gabrielsson Erik O. , Janson Per , Poxson David J. , Seitanidou Maria , Simon Daniel T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn contrast to electronic systems, biology rarely uses electrons as the signal to regulate functions, but rather ions and molecules of varying size. Due to the unique combination of both electronic and ionic/molecular conductivity in conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes, these materials have emerged as an excellent tool for translating signals between these two realms, hence the field of organic bioelectronics. Since organic bioelectronics relies on the electron‐mediated transport and compensation of ions (or the ion‐mediated transport and compensation of electrons), a great deal of effort has been devoted to the development of so‐called “iontronic” components to effect precise substance delivery/transport, that is, components where ions are the dominant charge carrier and where ionic–electronic coupling defines device functionality. This effort has resulted in a range of technologies including ionic resistors, diodes, transistors, and basic logic circuits for the precisely controlled transport and delivery of biologically active chemicals. This Research News article presents a brief overview of some of these “ion pumping” technologies, how they have evolved over the last decade, and a discussion of applications in vitro, in vivo, and in plantae.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade C−O Cleavage and C−H Alkenylation of Phosphinyl Allenes: An Expeditious Approach to 3‐Alkenyl Benzo[b]phosphole Oxides
Authors: Liu Teng , Sun Xue , Wu Lei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA phosphine oxide‐directed intramolecular cyclization of phosphinyl allenes is established for the first time. The palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization provides an unprecedented cascade C−O cleavage and direct C−H alkenylation toward novel 3‐alkenyl benzo[b]phosphole oxides, along with broad group tolerance and high regioselectivity. Control experiments and mechanistic studies explain the sequential performance of C(sp3)‐OAr cleavage and P=O directed C(sp2)‐H activation.magnified image