bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid content in overwintering Calanus finmarchicus across the Subpolar Eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Jónasdóttir Sigrún H. , Wilson Robert J. , Gislason Astthor , Heath Michael R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe boreal copepod Calanus finmarchicus accumulates lipid reserves during summer feeding in surface ocean waters, which enable it to stay at depth and survive famine during overwintering. Respiration of lipids during prolonged overwintering at ocean depths (> 1000 m in some areas) has been shown to result in a net sequestration of carbon into the deep ocean: the so‐called “lipid pump.” Here, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the geographic and vertical variations in lipid content of overwintering animals across the Subpolar Eastern North Atlantic and, on the basis of this, we revise the estimates of carbon sequestration. Wax ester content ranged from 40 to 190 μg individual−1 at > 250 m depths, with highest concentrations in the coldest (< 0°C) waters at 400–600 m depth at the slope east of Faroe Islands and east of Greenland and lowest in the warmer (> 4°C) Irminger Sea and Rockall Basin. Our new analysis results in about 44% higher estimates of carbon sequestration at up to 11.5 g C m−2.
Effect of annealing temperature on pitting behavior and microstructure evolution of hyper‐duplex stainless steel 2707
Authors: Sun Li , Sun Yangting , Liu Yuanyuan , Dai Nianwei , Li Jin , Jiang Yiming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHyper‐duplex stainless steel (HDSS) 2707 is a competitive material for application in extremely caustic environments. In this study, different annealing temperatures ranging from 1020°C to 1200°C were examined by electrochemical tests and microstructure analysis. The microstructure characterization indicated that precipitations were detected when the annealing temperature was below 1050°C and a relatively balanced austenite–ferrite phase structure was obtained at 1100°C. Through electrochemical measurements in NaBr solution, it was revealed that with the increase of temperature the pitting resistance of HDSS 2707 first rose then declined, peaking at 1100°C. The highest critical pitting temperature was about 67°C. In addition, the pitting position shifted from austenite phase to austenite–ferrite boundary and finally to ferrite interior with the annealing temperature increasing, which was in agreement with the pitting resistance equivalent values (PREN) of the two phases.
Well‐posedness and energy decay of solutions to a wave equation with a general boundary control of diffusive type
Authors: Benaissa Abbes , Rafa Said 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study well‐posedness and asymptotic stability of a wave equation with a general boundary control condition of diffusive type. We prove that the system lacks exponential stability. Furthermore, we show an explicit and general decay rate result, using the semigroup theory of linear operators and an estimate on the resolvent of the generator associated with the semigroup.
Detection and geographic distribution of seven facultative endosymbionts in two Rhopalosiphum aphid species
Authors: Guo Jianqing , Liu Xuewei , Poncelet Nicolas , He Kanglai , Francis Frédéric , Wang Zhenying 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudy of the mutualistic associations between facultative symbionts and aphids are developed only in a few models. That survey on the situation and distribution of the symbionts in a certain area is helpful to obtain clues for the acquisition and spread of them as well as their roles played in host evolution. To understand the infection patterns of seven facultative symbionts (Serratia symbiotica, Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, Wolbachia, and Arsenophonus) in Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), we collected 882 R. maidis samples (37 geographical populations) from China and 585 R. padi samples (32 geographical populations) from China and Europe. Results showed that both species were widely infected with various symbionts and totally 50.8% of R. maidis and 50.1% of R. padi were multi‐infected with targeted symbionts. However, very few Rhopalosiphum aphids were infected with S. symbiotica. The infection frequencies of some symbionts were related to the latitude of collecting sites, suggesting the importance of environmental factors in shaping the geographic distribution of facultative symbionts. Also, R. maidis and R. padi were infected with different H. defensa strains based on phylogenetic analysis which may be determined by host ×symbiont genotype interactions. According to our results, the ubiquitous symbionts may play important roles in the evolution of their host aphid and their impacts on adaptation of R. padi and R. maidis were discussed as well.
Effects of phycocyanin in modulating the intestinal microbiota of mice
Authors: Xie Yuanyuan , Li Wenjun , Zhu Limeng , Zhai Shixiang , Qin Song , Du Zhenning 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe health‐promoting effects of phycocyanin (PC) have become widely accepted over the last two decades. In this study, we investigated the effects of different doses of PC in modulating the intestinal microbiota and the intestinal barrier in mice. Six‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were treated with PC for 28 days. Fecal samples were collected before and after PC intervention, and the microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing. Bacterial abundance and diversity increased after PC intervention. Saccharolytic bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which can produce butyric acid, increased after PC treatment. The family Rikenellaceae, which contains hydrogen‐producing bacteria, also increased after PC intervention. The PC treatment reduced intestinal permeability and increased the intestinal barrier function, as demonstrated by hematoxylin–eosin staining and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide levels. The modulating effects on the intestinal microbiota were more favorable in the low‐dose PC group.
Increased growth rate and amikacin resistance of Salmonella enteritidis after one‐month spaceflight on China’s Shenzhou‐11 spacecraft
Authors: Zhang Bin , Bai Po , Zhao Xian , Yu Yi , Zhang Xuelin , Li Diangeng , Liu Changting 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChina launched the Tiangong‐2 space laboratory in 2016 and will eventually build a basic space station by the early 2020s. These spaceflight missions require astronauts to stay on the space station for more than 6 months, and they inevitably carry microbes into the space environment. It is known that the space environment affects microbial behavior, including growth rate, biofilm formation, virulence, drug resistance, and metabolism. However, the mechanisms of these alternations have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is beneficial to monitor microorganisms for preventing infections among astronauts in a space environment. Salmonella enteritidis is a Gram‐negative bacterial pathogen that commonly causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. In this study, to better understand the effects of the space environment on S. enteritidis, a S. enteritidis strain was taken into space by the Shenzhou‐11 spacecraft from 17 October 2016 to 18 November 2016, and a ground simulation with similar temperature conditions was simultaneously performed as a control. It was found that the flight strain displayed an increased growth rate, enhanced amikacin resistance, and some metabolism alterations compared with the ground strain. Enrichment analysis of proteome revealed that the increased growth rate might be associated with differentially expressed proteins involved in transmembrane transport and energy production and conversion assembly. A combined transcriptome and proteome analysis showed that the amikacin resistance was due to the downregulation of the oppA gene and oligopeptide transporter protein OppA. In conclusion, this study is the first systematic analysis of the phenotypic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic variations in S. enteritidis during spaceflight and will provide beneficial insights for future studies on space microbiology.
Silibinin inhibits ultraviolet B radiation‐induced mast cells recruitment and bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in the skin at early stages in Ptch(+/−) mouse model of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rigby Cindy , Deep Gagan , Jain Anil , Orlicky David J. , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAround 80% of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), still studies evaluating the efficacy of chemopreventive agents during early stage/s of BCC development are lacking. Accordingly, utilizing the well‐established patched (Ptch)+/− mouse model of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation‐induced BCC formation, we excised skin samples from UVB exposed Ptch+/− and Ptch+/+ mice before tumor formation to study the promotion/progression of BCC and to determine the efficacy and target/s of silibinin, a well‐known skin cancer chemopreventive agent. UVB exposure for 1 month increased the number of mast cells in Ptch+/− mice by ~48% (P < 0.05), which was completely inhibited by silibinin. Polymerase chain reaction profiler array analysis of skin samples showed strong molecular differences between Ptch+/+ and Ptch+/− mice which were either unexposed or UVB irradiated+/− silibinin treatment. Most notably, silibinin treatment significant decreased the expression of BMP‐2, Bbc3, PUMA, and Ccnd1 in Ptch+/− mice irradiated with silibinin + UVB. Additional studies showed that silibinin targets UVB‐induced expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) in Ptch+/− mouse skin. Last, our studies found that silibinin strongly attenuates UVB‐induced BMP‐2 expression and DNA damage in Ptch+/− mouse skin ex vivo only after single UVB exposure. Together, our results suggest a possible role of mast cell recruitment and BMP‐2 activation in the early stages of BCC development; these are strongly inhibited by silibinin suggesting its possible chemopreventive efficacy against BCC formation in long‐term UVB exposure regimen.
Predictors of low urinary quality of life in spinal cord injury patients on clean intermittent catheterization
Authors: Crescenze Iryna M. , Myers Jeremy B. , Lenherr Sara M. , Elliott Sean P. , Welk Blayne , MPH Diana O'Dell , Qin Yongmei , Presson Angela P. , Stoffel John T. ,   for the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveClean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is a preferred method of bladder management for many patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but long‐term adherence is low. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with low urinary quality of life (QoL) in SCI adults performing CIC.MethodsOver 1.5 years, 1479 adults with SCI were prospectively enrolled through the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group registry, and 753 on CIC with no prior surgeries were included. Injury characteristics, complications, hand function, and Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS) were analyzed. The NBSS QoL question (overall satisfaction with urinary function) was dichotomized to generate comparative groups (dissatisfied vs neutral/satisfied).ResultsThe cohort was 32.9% female with a median age of 43.2 (18‐86) years, time since the injury of 9.8 (0‐48.2) years, and 69.0% had an injury at T1 or below. Overall 36.1% were dissatisfied with urinary QoL. On multivariable analysis, female gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15‐2.31; P = 0.016), earlier injury (OR, 0.95 per year; 95% CI, 0.93‐0.97; P < 0.001), ≥4 urinary tract infections (UTIs) per year (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.47‐3.81; P = 0.001), and severe bowel dysfunction (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.98; P = 0.035) predicted dissatisfaction. Level of injury, fine motor hand function, and caregiver dependence for CIC were not associated with dissatisfaction.ConclusionsIn a mature SCI cohort, physical disability does not predict dissatisfaction with urinary QoL but severe bowel dysfunction and recurrent UTIs have a significant negative impact. With time the rates of dissatisfaction decline but women continue to be highly dissatisfied on CIC and may benefit from early intervention to minimize the burden of CIC on urinary QoL.
Plasma‐assisted deposition of fungicide containing coatings for encapsulation and protection of maize seeds
Authors: Lo Porto Chiara , Palumbo Fabio , Somma Stefania , Masiello Mario , Moretti Antonio , Fracassi Francesco , Favia Pietro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the research work here reported is to illustrate how to incorporate prothioconazole, a molecule with fungicide action, in plasma‐deposited polymeric coating, encapsulating maize seeds. With this approach, high fungicide effect with a small quantity of chemicals and less pollution of soil and water should be achieved. The fungicide composite coating is composed of three layers: a hydrophilic plasma deposited polymeric layer to increase the wettability of the seed surface; a layer of sprayed prothioconazole aqueous solution; and a hydrophobic plasma deposited barrier layer to limit leaching and mimic the natural seed wettability. The application of the composite coating is found not to interfere with the germination of the seeds, while the percentage of maize crowns infected by Fusarium graminearum was successfully reduced from 94% in the control to none in the coated seeds.
Performance of a novel reusable pediatric pulse oximeter probe
Authors: King Carina , Mvalo Tisungane , Sessions Kristen , Wilson Iain , Walker Isabeau , Zadutsa Beatiwel , Makwenda Charles , Phiri Tambosi , Boyd Nicholas , Bernstein Mike , McCollum Eric D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the performance of reusable pulse oximeter probe and microprocessor box combinations, of varying price‐points, in the context of a low‐income pediatric setting.MethodsA prospective, randomized cross‐over study comparing time to biologically plausible oxygen saturation (SpO2) between: (1) Lifebox LB‐01 probe with Masimo Rad‐87 box (L + M) and (2) a weight‐appropriate reusable Masimo probe with Masimo Rad‐87 box (M + M). A post hoc secondary analysis comparison with historical usability testing data with the Lifebox LB‐01 probe and Lifebox V1.5 box (L + L) was also conducted. Participants, children aged 0 to 35 months, were recruited from pediatric wards and outpatient clinics in the central region of Malawi. The primary outcome was time taken to achieve a biologically plausible SpO
2 measurement, compared using t tests for equivalence.ResultsWe recruited 572 children. Plausible SpO2 measurements were obtained in less than 1 minute, 71%, 70%, and 63% for the M + M, L + M, and L + L combinations, respectively. A similar pattern was seen for less than 2 minutes, however, this effect disappeared at less than 5 minutes with 96%, 96%, and 95% plausible measurements. Using a ±10 second threshold for equivalence, we found L + M and M + M to be equivalent, but were under‐powered to assess equivalence for L + L.ConclusionsThe novel reusable pediatric Lifebox probe can achieve a quality SpO2 measurement within a pragmatic time range of weight‐appropriate Masimo equivalent probes. Further research, which considers the cost of the devices, is needed to assess the added value of sophisticated motion tolerance software.
An EWMA control chart for the multivariate coefficient of variation
Authors: Giner‐Bosch Vicent , Tran Kim Phuc , Castagliola Philippe , Khoo Michael Boon Chong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMonitoring the multivariate coefficient of variation over time is a natural choice when the focus is on stabilising the relative variability of a multivariate process, as is the case in a significant number of real situations in engineering, health sciences, and finance, to name but a few areas. However, not many tools are available to practitioners with this aim. This paper introduces a new control chart to monitor the multivariate coefficient of variation through an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme. Concrete methodologies to calculate the limits and evaluate the performance of the chart proposed and determine the optimal values of the chart's parameters are derived based on a theoretical study of the statistic being monitored. Computational experiments reveal that our proposal clearly outperforms existing alternatives, in terms of the average run length to detect an out‐of‐control state. A numerical example is included to show the efficiency of our chart when operating in practice.
Reactive paper spray mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of formaldehyde in facial masks
Authors: Song Wenwen , Wang Yuanchao , Huang Lili , Cheng Heyong , Wu Jun , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: March 2019

RationaleA reactive paper spray mass spectrometric approach for rapid analysis of formaldehyde (FA) in cosmetics was developed based on an on‐line derivatization reaction between formaldehyde and dansyl hydrazine (DH).MethodsThe whole experimental procedure consists of three simple steps: (1) load the sample (2 μL) onto the paper; (2) add the spray solvent (10 μL DH); (3) apply a high voltage (+4.5 kV) to the sample. We used an internal standard (dansyl amide) to create the analytical calibration curve. The established approach has been successfully applied in the quantitation of FA in facial masks.ResultsOur approach shows good linearity for the FA concentrations between 3 and 300 μg L−1, and the limit of detection is at 0.8 μg L−1. Five brands of facial masks were analyzed by this approach without any sample pretreatment, and the FA contents varied from 0.05 to 2.6 mg L−1 with favorable recoveries achieved between 93.2% and 111.3%.ConclusionsThis established approach presents a solution to rapid quantitation at extremely low cost of consumables and has potential as a simple, sensitive and robust strategy for the direct analysis of FA in cosmetics, food, environmental, and biological samples.
Superhydrophobic Silicone/TiO2–SiO2 Nanorod‐like Composites for Marine Fouling Release Coatings
Authors: Selim Mohamed S. , El‐Safty Sherif A. , Azzam Ahmed M. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , El‐Sockary Maher A. , Abo Elenien Ossama M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor the first time, a superhydrophobic series of silicone/nanorod‐like TiO2–SiO2 core–shell composites was fabricated by solution casting for marine fouling release (FR) coatings. Hydrothermal technique was used to prepare single crystal TiO2 nanorods as a core structure in the diameter regime of 20 nm and preferentially grown in {101} direction. Hybrid nanorod‐like TiO2–SiO2 core–shell nanofillers were synthesized by sol–gel technique with silica shell thickness of 2–5 nm. The structure‐property relationship was investigated by dispersing various nanofiller concentrations in the silicone matrix. Surface non‐wettability properties were investigated using water contact angle (WCA), surface free energy (SFE), and atomic force microscopy. Coating′s photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and microorganisms was also investigated. Selected micro‐ and macro‐fouling strains were used for antifouling assessments in laboratory. The fabricated models were subjected to a rigorous field trial in natural seawater for 6 months in a tropical area. Well‐distributed nanorod‐like TiO2–SiO2 core–shell (0.5 wt.%) exhibited the preferable FR self‐cleaning with WCA of 154° and SFE of 10.45 mN/m.
Electronic Structure of Bis(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)squaraine
Authors: Divya Velayudhan V. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe structural and electronic features of bis(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)squaraine (1) has been studied using density functional BLYP/ cc‐pVTZ level of theory. The quinoid character of 1 is correlated to the partial double bond character of C‐NMe2 (1.379 Å) and C−O (1.236 Å) bonds which leads to accumulation of positive charge on NMe2 groups and negative charge on carbonyl oxygen. Further, the diagonal C1 C3 (2.086 Å) and C2 C4 (2.116 Å) distances of the squaric ring indicated a 1,3 type C−C orbital interaction. Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topographical analysis confirmed the charge separated quadrupolar nature of 1. The MESP minimum, Vmin located at the carbonyl oxygen, −62.5 kcal/mol, confirmed its highly electron rich character arising from the quinoid structure. The electronic structure of 1 revealed from MESP confirmed its quadrupolar nature and suggested the location of positive charge on NMe2 groups. The typically used chemical structure drawing of 1 showing +2 charge on the squaraine ring is inaccurate and misleading. The solvatochromic behaviour of 1 can be attributed to its quadrupolar electronic structure wherein the electron rich carbonyl groups provide room for noncovalent interactions with multiple solvent molecules.
Cobalt Nickel Nitrogen Array as a Easily Eecoverable, Effective Catalyst for Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Reaction with Remarkable Recycled Stability
Authors: Ma Ruyun , Gu Ying , Wu Aiping , Zhou Xiaoguang , Tian Chungui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe effective catalysts for the liquid‐phase catalytic (reduction) reaction are constant pursued. Traditional powder catalysts usually suffered from the separation from reaction medium, the aggregation at higher temperature, and poor reused stability, which are not favorable for the practical application. Here, we have shown the cobalt‐nickel nitrides anchored on Nickel foam (NF) as low‐cost catalysts overcoming above disadvantages by taking the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol as model. The conversion can reach to 97.6% after the reaction for 5 minutes at 25 °C, being comparable to most non‐noble metal based catalysts. Notably, the catalyst can be manually separated from reaction medium benefited from anchoring nitrides on macroscopical NF substrate. The anchoring can endow the high stability and avoid loss during separation process, thus is especially favorable to give good recycled ability and to use at higher temperature. Indeed, the catalyst can be used at higher temperature (75 °C) to accelerate dramatically reaction (conversion close to 100% within 20 s). Moreover, the activity can be remained after sequential 20 times of catalytic reaction, which is superior to the catalysts ever reported. The catalyst is promising for the practical catalytic application.
Enhancement of Aqua‐Ammonia Vapor on Proton Conduction for Two Water‐Tolerant Complicated Copper Cluster Compounds
Authors: Guo Kai‐Meng , Li Yi‐Lin , Yu Shi‐Hang , Tang Hua‐Biao , Li Gang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBy adopting two similar acyl thiourea‐based carboxylate ligands, 2‐(3‐benzoylthioureido)propionic acid (H3BTPA) and 2‐(3‐benzoylthioureido)ethanoic acid (H3BTEA) to react with Cu(OAc)2, respectively, one 2D cluster polymer [CuI6CuII6(BTPA)6(H2O)10]n (1) and one 0D cluster [CuI6CuII6(BTEA)6(H2O)10(DMF)2]⋅6H2O (2) (DMF=N, N‐dimethylformamide) were successfully prepared and structurally characterized. The optimized proton conductivity for 1 is 1.16 × 10−5 S⋅cm−1 under 98% RH and 100 °C, which can be increased to a higher value of 7.70 × 10−4 S⋅cm−1 under aqua‐ammonia vapor from 2.0 M of NH3⋅H2O solution. For 2, the largest proton conductivity of 9.80 × 10−4 S⋅cm−1 could be obtained under aqua‐ammonia vapor. Through PXRD determinations, water and ammonia adsorption measurements, Ea calculations, a clear understanding of their proton conduction mechanisms as well as the enhancement of aqua‐ammonia vapor on the proton conduction has been obtained.