bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Strengthening of Laboratory Systems in the Meningitis Belt to Improve Meningitis Surveillance, 2008–2018: A Partners’ Perspective
Authors: Feagins Alicia R , Vuong Jeni , Fernandez Katya , Njanpop-Lafourcade Berthe M , Mwenda Jason M , Sanogo Yibayiri Osee , Paye Mariétou F , Payamps Sarah K , Mayer Leonard , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLaboratories play critical roles in bacterial meningitis disease surveillance in the African meningitis belt, where the highest global burden of meningitis exists. Reinforcement of laboratory capacity ensures rapid detection of meningitis cases and outbreaks and a public health response that is timely, specific, and appropriate. Since 2008, joint efforts to strengthen laboratory capacity by multiple partners, including MenAfriNet, beginning in 2014, have been made in countries within and beyond the meningitis belt. Over the course of 10 years, national reference laboratories were supported in 5 strategically targeted areas: specimen transport systems, laboratory procurement systems, laboratory diagnosis, quality management, and laboratory workforce with substantial gains made in each of these areas. To support the initiative to eliminate meningitis by 2030, continued efforts are needed to strengthen laboratory systems.
Dynamic modulation of theta–gamma coupling during rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Bandarabadi Mojtaba , Boyce Richard , Gutierrez Herrera Carolina , Bassetti Claudio L , Williams Sylvain , Schindler Kaspar , Adamantidis Antoine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Theta phase modulates gamma amplitude in hippocampal networks during spatial navigation and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This cross-frequency coupling has been linked to working memory and spatial memory consolidation; however, its spatial and temporal dynamics remains unclear. Here, we first investigate the dynamics of theta–gamma interactions using multiple frequency and temporal scales in simultaneous recordings from hippocampal CA3, CA1, subiculum, and parietal cortex in freely moving mice. We found that theta phase dynamically modulates distinct gamma bands during REM sleep. Interestingly, we further show that theta–gamma coupling switches between recorded brain structures during REM sleep and progressively increases over a single REM sleep episode. Finally, we show that optogenetic silencing of septohippocampal GABAergic projections significantly impedes both theta–gamma coupling and theta phase coherence. Collectively, our study shows that phase-space (i.e. cross-frequency coupling) coding of information during REM sleep is orchestrated across time and space consistent with region-specific processing of information during REM sleep including learning and memory.
Microbiomes and Pathogen Survival in Crop Residues, an Ecotone Between Plant and Soil
Authors: Kerdraon Lydie , Laval Valérie , Suffert Frédéric 
Published: August 2019

The negative contribution of crop residues as a source of inoculum for plant diseases is well established. However, microbial ecologists have long reported positive effects of residues on the stability of agrosystems and conservation tillage practices have become increasingly widespread. Most studies have suggested that large microbial communities should be taken into account in plant disease management, but we know little about their ecological interaction with pathogens in the crop residue compartment. This review focuses on microbiomes associated with residues within the context of other microbial habitats in cereal-producing agroecosystems such as phyllosphere or rhizosphere. We connected residue microbiome with the survival of residue-borne fungal plant pathogens, thus combining knowledge in microbial ecology and epidemiology, two disciplines still not sufficiently connected. We provide an overview of the impact of residues on cereal disease epidemics and how dynamic interactions between microbial communities of nonburied residues during their degradation, along with soil and multitude of abiotic factors, can contribute to innovative disease management strategies, including next-generation microbiome-based biocontrol strategies. Starting from the classical but still relevant view of crop residues as a source of pathogen inoculum, we first consider possibilities for limiting the amount of residues on the soil surface to reduce the pathogen pressure. We then describe residues as a transient half-plant/half-soil compartment constituting a key fully fledged microbial ecosystem: in other words, an ecotone which deserves special attention. We focus on microbial communities, the changes in these communities over time and the factors influencing them. Finally, we discuss how the interactions between the microbial communities and the pathogens present on residues could be used: identification of keystone taxa and beneficial assemblages, then preservation of these taxa by adapted agronomic practices or development of synthetic communities, rather than the introduction of a single exogenous biocontrol species designed as a treatment product. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Clinical Decision Support to Improve Dosing Weight Use in Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Bertoni C. Briana , Prusakov Pavel , Merandi Jenna , Bartman Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
Opioid abuse in the United States is a public health emergency. From 2000 to 2009, prenatal maternal opiate use increased from 1.19 to 5.63 per 1,000 births, with up to 80% of in utero opioid-exposed infants requiring pharmacotherapy. This study aimed to increase the percentage of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) medication orders based on birth weight (BW) in neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with a principal diagnosis of NAS from 29% to 90%, within 4 months of project initiation, and to sustain this for 6 months.

Methods:
This project occurred at an academic medical center with 5,000 deliveries per year and a 49-bed Level III neonatal intensive care unit. We used the Institute for Healthcare Improvement methodology, largely focusing interventions on clinical decision support (CDS) tools. We plotted all measures on Shewhart charts, and Nelson rules differentiated special versus common cause variation.

Results:
The percent of orders based on BW increased from 29% to 78% after implementing multiple interventions focused primarily on CDS. However, this later decreased to 48% as workarounds began. There was also a significant decrease in the length of stay variability, which persisted throughout the project.

Discussion:
CDS is a helpful tool to guide prescribing behavior; however, workarounds can negate its usefulness. Standardized use of BW for weight-based NAS medication prescribing can decrease the length of stay variability. Further studies are needed using a human factors approach to minimize workarounds in CDS and potentially decrease the length of stay in neonates with NAS.
James Alexander Green. 26 February 1926—7 April 2014
Authors: Donkin Stephen , Erdmann Karin 
Published: August 2019

James Alexander Green, known as Sandy, was a mathematician of great influence and distinction. He was an algebraist, famous for his work on modular representations of finite groups, and the development of the theory of polynomial representations of general linear groups.
He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1968) and Fellow of the Royal Society of London (1987). He was awarded prizes of the London Mathematical Society, a Senior Berwick Prize (in 1984) and the De Morgan Medal (in 2001).

In his doctoral thesis, on semigroups, Sandy introduced fundamental relations, now known as ‘Green's relations’. He determined the characters of arbitrary finite general linear groups published 1955. Sandy then turned to representations of finite groups over fields of prime characteristic; his work laid the foundations for the module theoretic approach to the subject. His next highlight is his monograph on polynomial representations of
GL

n

, published in 1980, which has become the basis for algebraic highest weight theory. Furthermore, in 1995 he proved a fundamental result on Hall algebras, establishing a connection between quantum groups and representations of finite-dimensional quiver algebras.
High-throughput multicolor 3D localization in live cells by depth-encoding imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Weiss Lucien E. , Ezra Yael Shalev , Goldberg Sarah E. , Ferdman Boris , Shechtman Yoav 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTImaging flow cytometry replaces the canonical point-source detector of flow cytometry with a camera, unveiling subsample details in 2D images while maintaining high-throughput. Here we show that the technique is inherently compatible with 3D localization microscopy by point-spread-function engineering, namely the encoding of emitter depth in the emission pattern captured by a camera. By exploiting the laminar-flow profile in microfluidics, 3D positions can be extracted from cells or other objects of interest by calibrating the depth-dependent response of the imaging system using fluorescent microspheres mixed with the sample buffer. We demonstrate this approach for measuring fluorescently-labeled DNAin vitroand the chromosomal compaction state in large populations of live cells, collecting thousands of samples each minute. Furthermore, our approach is fully compatible with existing commercial apparatus, and can extend the imaging volume of the device, enabling faster flowrates thereby increasing throughput.
Primary complex motor stereotypies are associated with de novo damaging DNA coding mutations that identify candidate risk genes and biological pathways
Authors: Fernandez Thomas V. , Williams Zsanett P. , Kline Tina , Rajendran Shreenath , Augustine Farhan , Wright Nicole , Sullivan Catherine A. W. , Olfson Emily , Abdallah Sarah B. , Liu Wenzhong , Hoffman Ellen J. , Gupta Abha R. , Singer Harvey S. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTMotor stereotypies are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, or sensory deprivation, as well as in typically developing children (“primary” stereotypies, CMS). The precise pathophysiological mechanism for motor stereotypies is unknown, although genetic etiologies have been suggested. In this study, we perform whole-exome DNA sequencing in 129 parent-child trios with CMS and 853 control trios (118 cases and 750 controls after quality control). We report an increased rate of de novo predicted-damaging variants in CMS versus controls, identifyingKDM5Bas a high-confidence risk gene and estimating 184 genes conferring risk. Genes harboring de novo damaging variants in CMS probands show significant overlap with those in Tourette syndrome, ASD candidate genes, and those in ASD probands with high stereotypy scores. Furthermore, exploratory biological pathway and gene ontology analysis highlight histone demethylation, organism development, cell motility, glucocorticoid receptor pathway, and ion channel transport. Continued sequencing of CMS trios will identify more risk genes and allow greater insights into biological mechanisms of stereotypies across diagnostic boundaries.
Density-dependent costs and benefits of male mating success in a wild insect
Authors: Niemelä Petri T. , Tiso Stefano , Dingemanse Niels J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial environments are important determinant of fitness, particularly when same-sex local densities shape both mating success and survival costs.We studied how mating success varied across a range of naturally occurring local male densities in wild field cricket males,Gryllus campestris, monitored by using fully automated RFID-surveillance system. We predicted that mating success as a function of local density follow a concave pattern predicted by the Allee-effect theory. As increasing density should reduceper capitapredation and parasitism risk, we predicted that males generally having high mating success in low (versus high) local density live less long. Finally, we predicted that males on average occurred in local densities where their mating success is highest.Male mating success followed a density-dependent pattern predicted by the Allee-effect theory. Males also differed in the local density where their mating success was highest. This variation explained longevity and total fitness: males with high mating success in low local density lived longer and had higher total mating success. Finally, we found no evidence of males occupying local densities in which their mating success is highest.Our study suggest that density-dependent plasticity in mating success is under selection: males having high mating success in low density, but low mating success in high density, lived longer and had higher overall mating success. We thus provide novel insights, with unseen detail, about individual differences in density-dependent mating success and, costs and benefits related to variation in mating success in the wild. Finally, our study also highlights that specific statistical approaches are needed to firmly study the costs and benefits associated with the traits that are repeatedly expressed across range of environments.
How do three cytosolic glutamine synthetase isozymes of wheat perform N assimilation and translocation?
Authors: Wei Yihao , Wang Xiaochun , Zhang Zhiyong , Xiong Shuping , Zhang Yiming , Wang Lulu , Meng Xiaodan , Zhang Jie , Ma Xinming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo understand how the three cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) isozymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., TaGS1) perform nitrogen assimilation and translocation, we studied the kinetic properties of TaGS1 isozymes, the effects of nitrogen on the expression and localization of TaGS1 isozymes with specific antibodies, and the nitrogen metabolism. The results showed TaGS1;1, the dominant TaGS1 isozyme, had a high affinity for substrates, and was widely localized in the mesophyll cells, root pericycle and root tip meristematic zone, suggesting it was the primary isozyme for N assimilation. TaGS1;2, with a high affinity for Glu, was activated by Gln, and was mainly localized in the around vascular tissues, indicating that TaGS1;2 catalyzed Gln synthesis in low Glu concentration, then the Gln returned to activate TaGS1;2, which may lead to the rapid accumulation of Gln around the vascular tissues. TaGS1;3 had low affinity for substrates but the highest Vmax among TaGS1, was mainly localized in the root tip meristematic zone; exogenous NH4+ could promote TaGS1;3 expressing, indicating that TaGS1;3 could rapidly assimilate NH4+ to relieve NH4+ toxicity. In conclusion, TaGS1;1, TaGS1;2 and TaGS1;3 have different role in N assimilation, Gln translocation and relieving ammonium toxicity, respectively, and synergistically perform nitrogen assimilation and translocation.HighlightThree cytosolic glutamine synthase isozymes of wheat have different role and synergistically perform nitrogen assimilation and translocation.
Temporal-Spatial Visualization of Endogenous Chromosome Rearrangements in Living Cells
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Nakamura Muneaki , Zhao Dehua , Nguyen Cindy M , Yu Cordelia , Lo Albert , Daley Timothy , Russa Marie La , Liu Yanxia , Qi Lei S 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVisualizing the real-time dynamics of genome rearrangement in single living cells is core to studying genomics and diagnostics. Here, we report a robust, versatile approach named CRISPRLive-cell fluorescentinsituhybridization (LiveFISH) for multi-locus genome tracking and cytogenetic detection in a broad variety of cell types including primary cells. LiveFISH utilizes an intrinsic stability switch of CRISPR guide RNAs, which enables efficient and accurate detection of chromosomal disorders such as Patau Syndrome in prenatal amniotic fluid cells and allows multi-locus tracking in human T lymphocytes. Using LiveFISH, we are able to detect and track real-time spatiotemporal dynamics of non-homologous endogenous chromosome translocations induced by gene editing. This new approach enables FISH imaging in living primary cells, which can provide useful insights into the spatiotemporal changes of genome organization and rearrangements in normal and diseased primary cells and will enable fast cytogenetic visualization of various gene-editing associated chromosomal translocations.
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sir2 enables evolution of new traits by regulating distinct gene sets in two yeast species,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandKluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Humphrey Kristen M. , Zhu Lisha , Hickman Meleah A. , Hasan Shirin , Maria Haniam , Liu Tao , Rusche Laura N. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTEvolutionary adaptation increases the fitness of an organism in its environment. It can occur through rewiring of gene regulatory networks, such that an organism responds appropriately to environmental changes. We investigated whether sirtuin deacetylases, which repress transcription and require NAD+for activity, could facilitate the evolution of potentially adaptive responses by serving as transcriptional rewiring points. If so, bringing genes under the control of sirtuins could enable organisms to mount appropriate responses to stresses that decrease NAD+levels. To explore how the genomic targets of sirtuins shift over evolutionary time, we compared two yeast species,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandKluyveromyces lactisthat display differences in cellular metabolism and lifecycle timing in response to nutrient availability. We identified sirtuin-regulated genes through a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA expression. In both species, regulated genes were associated with NAD+homeostasis, mating, and sporulation, but the specific genes differed. In addition, regulated genes inK. lactiswere associated with other processes, including utilization of non-glucose carbon sources, heavy metal efflux, DNA synthesis, and production of the siderophore pulcherrimin. Consistent with the species-restricted regulation of these genes, sirtuin deletion impacted relevant phenotypes inK. lactisbut notS. cerevisiae. Finally, sirtuin-regulated gene sets were depleted for broadly-conserved genes, consistent with sirtuins regulating processes restricted to a few species. Taken together, these results are consistent with the notion that sirtuins serve as rewiring points that allow species to evolve distinct responses to low NAD+stress.
Superfast periodicities in distress vocalizations emitted by bats
Authors: Hechavarría Julio C. , Beetz M. Jerome , Garcia-Rosales Francisco , Kössl Manfred 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCommunication sounds are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, where they play a role in advertising physiological states and/or socio-contextual scenarios. Distress sounds, for example, are typically uttered in distressful scenarios such as agonistic interactions. Here, we report on the occurrence of superfast temporal periodicities in distress calls emitted by bats (speciesCarollia perspicillata). Distress vocalizations uttered by this bat species are temporally modulated at frequencies close to 1.7 kHz, that is, ∼17 times faster than modulation rates observed in human screams. Fast temporal periodicities are represented in the bats’ brain by means of frequency following responses, and temporally periodic sounds are more effective in boosting the heart rate of awake bats than their demodulated versions. Altogether, our data suggest that bats, an animal group classically regarded as ultrasonic, can exploit the low frequency portion of the soundscape during distress calling to create spectro-temporally complex, arousing sounds.
Characterization of the mycobiome of the seagrass,Zostera marina, reveals putative associations with marine chytrids
Authors: Ettinger Cassandra L. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeagrasses are globally distributed marine flowering plants that are foundation species in coastal ecosystems. Seagrass beds play essential roles as habitats and hatcheries, in nutrient cycling and in protecting the coastline from erosion. Although many studies have focused on seagrass ecology, only a limited number have investigated their associated fungi. In terrestrial systems, fungi can have beneficial and detrimental effects on plant fitness. However, not much is known about marine fungi and even less is known about seagrass associated fungi. Here we used culture-independent sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to characterize the taxonomic diversity of fungi associated with the seagrass,Zostera marina. We sampled from twoZ. marinabeds in Bodega Bay over three time points to investigate fungal diversity within and between plants. Our results indicate that there are many fungal taxa for which a taxonomic assignment cannot be made living on and insideZ. marinaleaves, roots and rhizomes and that these plant tissues harbor distinct fungal communities. The most prevalent ITS amplicon sequence variant (ASV) associated withZ. marinaleaves was classified as fungal, but could not initially be assigned to a fungal phylum. We then used PCR with a primer targeting unique regions of the ITS2 region of this ASV and an existing primer for the fungal 28S rRNA gene to amplify part of the 28S rRNA gene region and link it to this ASV. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the resulting partial 28S rRNA gene revealed that the organism that this ASV comes from is a member of Novel Clade SW-I in the order Lobulomycetales in the phylum Chytridiomycota. This clade includes known parasites of freshwater diatoms and algae and it is possible this chytrid is directly infectingZ. marinaleaf tissues. This work highlights a need for further studies focusing on marine fungi and the potential importance of these understudied communities to the larger seagrass ecosystem.
Exploring repost features of police-generated microblogs through topic and sentiment analysis
Authors: Tang XiaoBo , Li Shixuan , Gu Na , Tan MingLiang 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore the repost features of microblogs acting to promote the information diffusion of government-generated content on social media.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes a topic−sentiment analysis using a mixed social media analytics framework to analyse the microblogs collected from the Sina Weibo accounts of 30 Chinese provincial police departments. On the basis of this analysis, this study presents the distribution of reposted microblogs and reveals the reposting characteristics of police-generated microblogs (PGMs).

Findings
The experimental results indicate that children’s safety and crime-related PGMs with a positive sentiment can achieve a high level of online information diffusion.

Originality/value
This study is novel, as it reveals the reposting features of PGMs from both a topic and sentiment perspectives, and provides new findings that can inspire users’ reposting behaviour.