bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced DNA Methylation of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Is Associated With Anhedonia-Asociality in Women With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia and Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Bang Minji , Kang Jee In , Kim Se Joo , Park Jin Young , Kim Kyung Ran , Lee Su Young , Park Kyungmee , Lee Eun , Lee Seung-Koo , An Suk Kyoon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Negative symptoms are recognized as a fundamental feature of schizophrenia throughout the disease course. Epigenetic alterations in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) may be a key mechanism involved in social-emotional disturbances of schizophrenia. Here, we investigated OXTR methylation and its association with clinical and brain network connectivity phenotypes of negative symptoms, particularly anhedonia-asociality, in individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia (ROS) and at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. Sixty-four ROS (39 women), 46 UHR (19 women), and 98 healthy individuals (52 women) participated in this study. OXTR methylation was quantified using the pyrosequencing method. A subset of participants (16 ROS, 23 UHR, and 33 healthy controls [HCs]) underwent a 5.5-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the relationship between OXTR methylation and the striatal-amygdala network functional connectivity (FC) underlying anhedonia-asociality. Both men and women with ROS and UHR showed significantly decreased OXTR methylation compared to HCs. In women with ROS and UHR, decreased OXTR methylation showed a significant correlation with increased anhedonia-asociality. FC of the striatal-amygdala network, positively associated with the severity of anhedonia-asociality, showed an inverse correlation with OXTR methylation. This study suggests that epigenetic alterations of OXTR, which can be detected before the development of full-blown psychosis, confer susceptibility to schizophrenia and play a crucial role in the manifestation of anhedonia-asociality, particularly in women.
An NP's guide to diagnosing and treating alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Newell Judith A. , Donahue Christine , Hogarth D. Kyle 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
As NPs play an increasingly vital role in primary care, they must be well versed in a variety of conditions. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a respiratory disease for which there is particularly low awareness in both the nursing profession and the wider medical community. This article provides an overview of AAT deficiency and includes guidance for diagnosing the disease.
Socially Assistive Robots for Helping Pediatric Distress and Pain
Authors: Trost Margaret J. , Ford Adam R. , Kysh Lynn , Gold Jeffrey I. , Matarić Maja 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Interacting with socially assistive robots (SAR) has been shown to influence human behaviors and emotions. This study sought to review the literature on SAR intervention for reducing pediatric distress and pain in medical settings.

Methods:
Databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, Engineering Village, Scopus, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore) were searched from database inception to January 2018 with the aid of a medical librarian. Included studies examined any SAR intervention for reducing pain or improving emotional well-being in children related to physical or psychiatric care, with outcomes assessed by some quantitative measure. Study quality was assessed using the modified Downs and Black checklist (max. score, 28). The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016043018).

Results:
Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and represented 206 children. Of the 2 studies using Wong-Baker’s FACES scale, 1 study claimed to be effective at reducing pain (Cohen d=0.49 to 0.62), while the other appeared effective only when parents and child interacted with SAR together. Distress was evaluated using validated measures in 4 studies, 3 of which showed reduction in distress while one showed no difference. Satisfaction surveys from 4 studies showed that children were interested in using SAR again. Quality scores ranged from 8 to 26.

Conclusions:
There is limited evidence suggesting that SAR interventions may reduce distress and no clear evidence showing reduction in pain for children in medical settings. Engineers are conducting interventions using SAR in pediatric populations. Health care providers should be engaged in technology research related to children to facilitate testing and improve the effectiveness of these systems.
Sleep and Pain
Authors: Whibley Daniel , AlKandari Nourah , Kristensen Kaja , Barnish Max , Rzewuska Magdalena , Druce Katie L. , Tang Nicole K.Y. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
A relationship between sleep and pain is well established. A better understanding of the mechanisms that link sleep and pain intensity is urgently needed to optimize pain management interventions. The objective of this systematic review was to identify, synthesize, and critically appraise studies that have investigated putative mediators on the path between sleep and pain intensity.

Methods:
A systematic search of 5 electronic bibliographic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was conducted. Eligible studies had to apply a formal test of mediation to variables on the path between a sleep variable and pain intensity or vice versa. All searches, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by at least 2 independent reviewers.

Results:
The search yielded 2839 unique articles, 9 of which were eligible. Of 13 mediation analyses, 11 investigated pathways from a sleep variable to pain intensity. Putative mediators included affect/mood, depression and/or anxiety, attention to pain, pain helplessness, stress, fatigue, and physical activity. Two analyses investigated pathways from pain intensity to a sleep variable, examining the potentially mediating role of depressive symptoms and mood. Although evidence supported a mediating role for psychological and physiological aspects of emotional experiences and attentional processes, methodological limitations were common, including use of cross-sectional data and minimal adjustment for potential confounders.

Discussion:
A growing body of research is applying mediation analysis to elucidate mechanistic pathways between sleep and pain intensity. Currently sparse evidence would be illuminated by more intensively collected longitudinal data and improvements in analysis.
Validation of an Algorithm for Claims-based Incidence of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Parlett Lauren E. , Beachler Daniel C. , Lanes Stephan , Hoover Robert N. , Cook Michael B. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Prostate cancer is a commonly studied outcome in administrative claims studies, but there is a dearth of validated case identifying algorithms. The long-term development of the disease increases the difficulty in separating prevalent from incident prostate cancer. The purpose of this validation study was to assess the accuracy of a claims algorithm to identify incident prostate cancer among men in commercial and Medicare Advantage US health plans.

Methods:
We identified prostate cancer in claims as a prostate cancer diagnosis within 28 days after a prostate biopsy and compared case ascertainment in the claims with the gold standard results from the Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry (GCCR).

Results:
We identified 74,008 men from a large health plan claims database for possible linkage with GCCR. Among the 382 prostate cancer cases identified in claims, 312 were also identified in the GCCR (positive predictive value [PPV] = 82%). Of the registry cases, 91% (95% confidence interval = 88, 94) were correctly identified in claims. Claims and registry diagnosis dates of prostate cancer matched exactly in 254/312 (81%) cases. Nearly half of the false-positive cases also had claims for prostate cancer treatment. Thirteen (43%) false-negative cases were classified as noncases by virtue of having a biopsy and diagnosis >28 days apart as required by the algorithm. Compared to matches, false-negative cases were older men with less aggressive prostate cancer.

Conclusions:
Our algorithm demonstrated a PPV of 82% with 92% sensitivity in ascertaining incident PC. Administrative health plan claims can be a valuable and accurate source to identify incident prostate cancer cases.
Measuring Workload with Paired Detectors
Authors: Corns Robert , Schroeder Charles , Sandhu Gurpreet , Henderson Keith , McKay Ian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLinear accelerator workloads for each available photon energy are important quantities to know for radiation safety considerations, and presented is a technique to measure the workload using paired detectors. The signals from the two detectors can give sufficient information to separate the signal contributions from 6 and 18 MV photon fields and, combined with a signal-per-monitor-unit calibration factor, yields the number of monitor units delivered for each energy. CR-39 NTD is a neutron detector chosen for its ability to discriminate between 6 MV and 18 MV radiation fields. TLD-100 is a detector responsive to both 6 MV and 18 MV fields. These appeared to be a good choice for a detector pair. This experiment had both failures and successes to report. The CR-39 NTD and TLD-100 were not a successful pairing. The CR-39 NTD signals saturated under this experiment’s exposure conditions. The TLD-100 had a combination of detector noise and detector sensitivity that made extracting the 6 MV signal from the total signal impractical, unless the total exposure was overwhelmingly 6 MV. Nevertheless, the TLD-100 proved to be excellent for determining workloads when it was exposed to a single energy with 1% accuracy and 3% precision. The theory and data analysis showed the importance of understanding the noise contributions for the more general problem of pairing any two detector types. This experiment indicated the TLD-100 could be an excellent detector choice if paired with a suitable second detector.
Model of Steady-state Temperature Rise in Multilayer Tissues Due to Narrow-beam Millimeter-wave Radiofrequency Field Exposure
Authors: Gajda Gregory B. , Lemay Eric , Paradis Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe assessment of health effects due to localized exposures from radiofrequency fields is facilitated by characterizing the steady-state, surface temperature rise in tissue. A closed-form analytical model was developed that relates the steady-state, surface temperature rise in multilayer planar tissues as a function of the spatial-peak power density and beam dimensions of an incident millimeter wave. Model data was derived from finite-difference solutions of the Pennes bioheat transfer equation for both normal-incidence plane waves and for narrow, circularly symmetric beams with Gaussian intensity distribution on the surface. Monte Carlo techniques were employed by representing tissue layer thicknesses at different body sites as statistical distributions compiled from human data found in the literature. The finite-difference solutions were validated against analytical solutions of the bioheat equation for the plane wave case and against a narrow-beam solution performed using a commercial multiphysics simulation package. In both cases, agreement was within 1–2%. For a given frequency, the resulting analytical model has four input parameters, two of which are deterministic, describing the level of exposure (i.e., the spatial-peak power density and beam width). The remaining two are stochastic quantities, extracted from the Monte Carlo analyses. The analytical model is composed of relatively simple functions that can be programmed in a spreadsheet. Demonstration of the analytical model is provided in two examples: the calculation of spatial-peak power density vs. beam width that produces a predefined maximum steady-state surface temperature, and the performance evaluation of various proposed spatial-averaging areas for the incident power density.
Strengthening the Evidence Base: Recommendations for Future Research Identified Through the Development of CDC's Pediatric Mild TBI Guideline
Authors: Suskauer Stacy J. , Yeates Keith Owen , Sarmiento Kelly , Benzel Edward C. , Breiding Matthew J. , Broomand Catherine , Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet , Turner Michael , Weissman Barbara , Lumba-Brown Angela 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The recently published Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evidence-based guideline on pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) was developed following an extensive review of the scientific literature. Through this review, experts identified limitations in existing pediatric mTBI research related to study setting and generalizability, mechanism of injury and age of cohorts studied, choice of control groups, confounding, measurement issues, reporting of results, and specific study design considerations. This report summarizes those limitations and provides a framework for optimizing the future quality of research conduct and reporting.

Results:
Specific recommendations are provided related to diagnostic accuracy, population screening, prognostic accuracy, and therapeutic interventions.

Conclusion:
Incorporation of the recommended approaches will increase the yield of eligible research for inclusion in future systematic reviews and guidelines for pediatric mTBI.
Healthcare Utilization and Missed Workdays for Parents of Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nelson Richard E. , Ma Junjie , Cheng Yan , Ewing-Cobbs Linda , Clark Amy , Keenan Heather 
Published: March 2019

Background:
We enrolled patients in a prospective study in which we obtained estimates of the direct and indirect burden for families of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to a control group of families of children with orthopedic injury (OI).

Methods:
Parents were surveyed at 3 time points following injury: 3, 6, and 12 months. At each follow-up contact, we asked parents to list the number of workdays missed, number of miles traveled, amount of travel-related costs, and whether their child had an emergency department (ED) visit, hospital admission, any over-the-counter (OTC) medications, and any prescription medications during that time period. We assessed the difference in these outcomes between the TBI and OI groups using multivariable logistic and 2-part regression models to account for high concentrations of zero values.

Results:
Children with TBI had significantly greater odds of having an ED visit (3.04; 95% CI, 1.12-8.24), OTC medications (1.98; 95% CI, 1.34-2.94), and prescription medications (2.34; 95% CI, 1.19-4.59) than those with OI. In addition, parents of children with TBI missed significantly more days of work (19.91 days; 95% CI, 11.64-28.17) overall during the 12 months following injury than their OI counterparts.

Conclusion:
Extrapolating our results to the entire country, we estimate that pediatric TBI is associated with more than 670 000 lost workdays annually over the 12 months following injury, which translates into more than $150 million in lost productivity. These missed workdays and lost productivity may be prevented through safety efforts to reduce pediatric TBI.
Improvement and Prediction of Memory and Executive Functions in Patients Admitted to a Neurosurgery Service With Complicated and Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Holthe Oyvor Oistensen , Hellstrom Torgeir , Andelic Nada , Server Andres , Sigurdardottir Solrun 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
To compare neuropsychological performances between patients with and without intracranial abnormalities after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and assess the relationship between demographics, injury severity, and self-reported symptom characteristics with improvements in memory and executive functions (8 weeks to 1 year postinjury).

Setting:
Inpatient/outpatient followed up at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo, Norway.

Participants:
Patients were divided into groups of complicated (n = 73) or uncomplicated mTBIs (n = 77) based on intracranial findings on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging brain scans.

Design:
Prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Main Measures:
Neuropsychological assessments of memory and executive functions, self-reports of postconcussion, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and general functioning at 8 weeks and 1 year postinjury.

Results:
Longitudinal data showed that patients with complicated and uncomplicated mTBIs had similar cognitive performance and improvements. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that individuals with early posttraumatic stress disorder and/or depressive symptoms performed worse on measures of Memory functions, and those with younger age (<40 years) and lower education (<12 years) performed worse on measures of Executive functions.

Conclusion:
Findings are suggestive of a good cognitive outcome following complicated and uncomplicated mTBIs. Early assessments of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression seem useful in identifying those most vulnerable having poorer cognitive outcomes, providing further interventions that may affect emotional and cognitive recovery.
Decreased Risk of Dementia Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Receiving Acupuncture Treatment: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Juan Ying-Hsu , Livneh Hanoch , Huang Hui-Jun , Lu Ming-Chi , Yeh Chia-Chou , Tsai Tzung-Yi 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study comparing the effect of acupuncture on the risk of dementia in Taiwanese individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design and Participants:
A national health insurance database was used to identify 15 440 newly diagnosed TBI patients 20 to 70 years old between 1998 and 2007. Of the identified patients, 6308 received acupuncture following the onset of TBI (acupuncture users) and 9132 patients did not receive acupuncture (nonacupuncture users).

Measures:
All enrollees were followed until the end of 2012 to record incident cases of dementia. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios for the relationship of acupuncture use with dementia.

Results:
During the follow-up period, 249 acupuncture users and 810 nonacupuncture users developed dementia, corresponding to incidence rates of 6.11 and 9.64 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Use of acupuncture was significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia. Those who received more than 5 sessions of acupuncture benefited most from it.

Conclusions:
Adding acupuncture to the clinical management of patients with TBI may benefit these patients by decreasing their risk of developing dementia.
Prevalence of Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidities Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hammond Flora M. , Corrigan John D. , Ketchum Jessica M. , Malec James F. , Dams-O'Connor Kristen , Hart Tessa , Novack Thomas A. , Bogner Jennifer , Dahdah Marie N. , Whiteneck Gale G. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To examine the prevalence of selected medical and psychiatric comorbidities that existed prior to or up to 10 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring acute rehabilitation.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Six TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) centers.

Participants:
In total, 404 participants in the TBIMS National Database who experienced TBI 10 years prior.

Interventions:
Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure:
Self-reported medical and psychiatric comorbidities and the onset time of each endorsed comorbidity.

Results:
At 10 years postinjury, the most common comorbidities developing postinjury, in order, were back pain, depression, hypertension, anxiety, fractures, high blood cholesterol, sleep disorders, panic attacks, osteoarthritis, and diabetes. Comparing those 50 years and older to those younger than 50 years, diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.54; P = .0016), high blood cholesterol (OR = 2.04; P = .0092), osteoarthritis (OR = 2.02; P = .0454), and hypertension (OR = 1.84; P = .0175) were significantly more prevalent in the older cohort while panic attacks (OR = 0.33; P = .0022) were significantly more prevalent in the younger cohort. No significant differences in prevalence rates between the older and younger cohorts were found for back pain, depression, anxiety, fractures, or sleep disorders.

Conclusions:
People with moderate-severe TBI experience other medical and mental health comorbidities during the long-term course of recovery and life after injury. The findings can inform further investigation into comorbidities associated with TBI and the role of medical care, surveillance, prevention, lifestyle, and healthy behaviors in potentially modifying their presence and/or prevalence over the life span.
The Natural History of Postconcussion Recovery Among High School Athletes
Authors: Dise-Lewis Jeanne E. , Forster Jeri E. , McAvoy Karen , Stearns-Yoder Kelly A. , Bahraini Nazanin H. , Laker Scott R. , Brenner Lisa A. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Evaluate postconcussive symptom reporting and recovery.

Setting:
Public high school.

Participants:
Unmatched controls (n = 760); students who sustained a sports-related concussion (n = 77); matched controls (gender, grade, sport) (n = 77).

Design:
Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Outcome measure:
Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing.

Results:
At baseline, athletes who went on to sustain concussions were more likely than unmatched controls to be younger (P = .02), male (P = .001), and participate in different sports (P < .0001) such as football (concussed = 52%, unmatched controls = 20%). Differences were also noted regarding a previous history of concussion (P = .045; concussed athletes = 26%; unmatched control athletes = 16%) and lifetime number of concussions (P = .05). At baseline, those whose sustained concussions during the study period were more likely than matched controls to report numbness (P = .01) and concentration problems (P = .01) and more likely than unmatched controls to report dizziness (P = .02), sensitivity to light (P = .01), sensitivity to noise (P = .002), and numbness (P = .02). However, when data were reanalyzed and those with a previous history of concussion were removed, differences between those who sustained concussions during the study period and matched controls were no longer significant; when compared to unmatched controls, sensitivity to light (P = .01) and vision problems (P = .04) remained significant. Among those who sustained concussions, median time to recovery was 6 days (95% confidence interval: 4-9), and 71 out of 77 (92%) recovered by the fourth postinjury evaluation (median: 20 days postinjury).

Conclusions:
Course and time frame of recovery were variable. Data also suggest that a previous history of concussion may be contributing to baseline symptom reporting and highlight the potential enduring impact of history of concussion on sensorimotor function. However, further research as to whether preinjury measures of sensorimotor function may increase understanding regarding concussion risk is warranted.