bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le peuple des chansons
Authors: Deniot Joëlle 
Published: February 2018

Fin du XIX e siècle, les cadres du divertissement populaire urbain se multiplient au gré d'un marché peu contrôlé. Sur fond de crise économique, les « faiseurs » de spectacle recrutent. Quelques chanteurs, chanteuses tout à la fois saltimbanques et prolétaires passent de la rue à la scène. Mais, ce sont désormais des femmes interprètes, et non plus des paroliers de la chanson militante, qui vont incarner les figures vocales du peuple et de son destin. Car, si la veine comique continue, et si le music-hall va bientôt installer ses décors de paillettes, c'est une Damia, une Berthe Sylva, une Yvone George, une Fréhel, plus tard une Piaf qui porteront très haut cet imaginaire d'énergie tragique émergeant de l'épopée et de l'héroïsme populaires. Dans le cercle lumineux et l'épure du spectacle s'imposent des silhouettes et ce timbre particulier de goualeuse. Il porte trace de la voix nue, celle qui, projetée dans le masque, s'élance pour vaincre l'espace et l'indifférence des passants. Dans cette couleur vocale, les paroles s'estompent quelque peu. C'est la voix qui sculpte le sens, qui prend corps, qui fait œuvre. A fleur d'un lyrisme du malheur et du drame, se regroupent et se reconnaissent des compagnons de destinée... « petit peuple » hâbleur proche d'une Fréhel « grand peuple » rassemblé sous les intonations, parfois plus solennelles, les accents, parfois plus nationaux, d'une Damia ou d'une Piaf. Voix-sève, voix-flamme, voix-plainte... nous touchons là à quelque universalité des puissances invocantes de la langue. Ces figures du passé ont aussi leurs descendantes connues et moins connues qui s'inscrivent dans ce chanter féminin et populaire de la passion.
Le mythe du peuple au XIX e siècle
Authors: Pessin Alain 
Published: February 2018

Après avoir rappelé les moments essentiels de la valorisation du peuple dans la société française du XIX e siècle, cet article décrit le caractère mythique de cette inflation « populiste ». Il propose ensuite de mettre en place la structure de base de ce mythe, par une analyse des principaux mythèmes qui y entrent en composition.
La garde nationale des Trois Glorieuses
Authors: Larrère-López Mathilde 
Published: February 2018

Au lendemain de la Révolution de Juillet 1830, la garde nationale de Paris, dissoute depuis 1827, est rétablie. Elle s'est spontanément réorganisée pendant les journées révolutionnaires avant que d'être officiellement rétablie par décret le 29 juillet. Mais la garde nationale n'a pas reparu sur les barricades, au sein des combattants. Des réflexes d'autodéfense du quartier et des impératifs d'ordre public l'ont fait renaître hors des combats, pour en régulariser la victoire. Pourtant, les représentations des Trois Glorieuses présentent une garde nationale combattante héroïque, dans le double dessein de construire une certaine image de la révolution de Juillet, révolution dans l'ordre et le calme, qui conjure les souvenirs de l'an II, et de servir les représentations et la légitimité du nouveau pouvoir.
Un peuple en ordre
Authors: Abrassart Loïc 
Published: February 2018

Les fêtes civiques mexicaines du début du siècle incluent dans leurs programmes une activité singulière : la procesion civica. Ces processions civiques, qui visent à faire participer la population aux festivités nationales, se révèlent être un formidable poste d'observation de la façon dont se construit l'image du « peuple » dans le régime du Porfiriat. À travers les cortèges se donnent à lire l'organisation corporatiste de la société, une stratification sociale stricte, une intégration différenciée dans cette hiérarchie, mais aussi les grandes priorités économiques du régime, ou encore, en négatif, l'exclusion des célébrations des femmes ou des Indiens. Par ces constructions symboliques complexes, le régime porfirien, autocratique et profondément élitiste, tente ainsi de fonder un « peuple célébrant », en entretenant l'illusion de sa concordance avec le peuple « réel ».
Représentations « communes » du peuple
Authors: Desbrousses Hélène , Peloille Bernard 
Published: February 2018

Peu défini directement, « peuple » est principalement posé à travers ses diverses figures concrètes. « Peuple » nous apparaît pour soi-même, et par opposition à ce qui n'est pas « peuple ». En ce sens « peuple » est surtout posé par les catégories sociales les plus directement « populaires ». Producteur central de la société, le peuple semble refoulé, nié. Acculé à « subir » son annulation dans un mouvement régressif, ou à se « révolter » alors même qu'il est privé des moyens d'une telle révolte.
<i>Mahonia oiwakensis</i> Hayata (=<i>Mahonia lomariifolia</i>) (Berberidaceae): A new species for the alien flora of South Africa
Authors: Jaca Thulisile P. , Mkhize Mbali A. 
Published: February 2018

Background: A first record of a naturalised population of Mahonia oiwakensis (=Mahonia lomariifolia) in South Africa is presented. The species is native to China and is cultivated in South Africa as an ornamental plant.Objectives: To document a new record of M. oiwakensis, provide a brief description of its morphology and note its ecology and current distribution outside of cultivation in South Africa.Method: Plants were studied in the field and herbarium vouchers were collected and compared with images of type specimens. Distribution data were collected by means of global positioning system coordinates for each plant, and vegetation and habitat types were recorded for the sites where M. oiwakensis was collected.Results: Two populations of 16 plants were found in South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, in the Faerie Glen Nature Reserve and Moreleta Kloof Nature Reserve, in the natural savannah biome, in thornveld and bushveld vegetation.Conclusions: Mahonia oiwakensis has naturalised in South Africa. Further research is paramount to determine whether the species poses a substantial threat and whether it should be regulated and prioritised for management. It is recommended that this species should be added to the species under surveillance for potential eradication or containment targeting.
Investigating supply chain sustainability in South African organisations
Authors: Niehaus Gabrielle , Feiboth Heinrich W. , Goedhals-Gerber Leila L. 
Published: February 2018

Background: The need for sustainable supply chain management has become a necessity given the growing impact of climate change and global warming. The South African (SA) government is planning to implement a carbon tax in the future, which will present financial challenges for organisations already facing social and environmental difficulties.Objectives: The main objective of this article was to investigate the current sustainability reporting practices in supply chains of SA organisations. The focus was specifically on the supply chain sustainability practices of organisations listed in selected sectors on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). A secondary objective was to investigate preparation efforts by SA companies for the impending carbon tax.Method: Data collected from sustainability and integrated annual reports of organisations in the sample were analysed using non-parametric statistical tests to compare sectors on the JSE and to compare companies listed on the socially responsible investment (SRI) Index with those that are not.Results: The results showed that there is insufficient data for some of the sectors; however, there are differences in the supply chain and sustainability practices for the remaining sectors. There are also differences in these practices between SRI and non-SRI companies. The research also showed that companies are discussing important concepts relating to the implementation of the impending carbon tax.Research impact: SA organisations need to increase their focus on sustainable supply chain practices. Further investigation into the preparation efforts of companies to reduce their emissions and/or footprint and mitigate the impact of the impending carbon tax is necessary.
Breast-conserving therapy for breast carcinoma: Margins, re-excision and recurrence rates
Authors: Nashidengo Pueya R. , Panieri Eugenio , Cairncross Lydia 
Published: February 2018

Background: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is a wide local excision of the tumour usually followed by radiation treatment to the breast. It is the mainstay treatment for carefully selected patients with early breast cancer. There has not been a formal audit to review BCT outcomes in our unit.Objectives: To determine excision margins, re-excision and local recurrence rates.Methods: A histopathological and oncology records’ review of BCT patients from 01 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. The health faculty’s ethics committee granted approval. Data points accrued included age, histological tumour size, nodal status, tumour type, oestrogen receptor status, lymphovascular invasion, volume of specimen, margin status, management of involved or close margins, radiotherapy, ipsilateral breast recurrence rate and duration of follow-up.Results: A total of 192 patients had BCT. The mean age is 53 years. A median of 229.5 cm3 volume of specimen was excised. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest histological type at 79.1%. The resection margin status: positive margins rate 15.1%, close margin rate 8.3% (≤ 1 mm), 35.9% (1 mm–5 mm), 23.4% (6 mm–10 mm) and 17.2% (> 10 mm). Overall, 27 (14.0%) patients underwent a second procedure, 16 (8.3%) patients had re-excision and 10 (5.2%) patients had a mastectomy. At a median follow-up of 60 months, a total of 11 (6.8%) patients had recurrence. Median time to recurrence is 39 months.Conclusion: Positive and close margin re-excision and local recurrence rates in our unit are acceptable and comparable to other units in South Africa and internationally.
Migración interna y mercado laboral en San Pedro Sula, Cortés, periodo 2006 y 2013
Authors: Fernández Henry Alberto 
Published: February 2018

Al igual que en los demás países de Latinoamérica, en Honduras, la migración interna ha jugado un rol importante, tanto en el desarrollo económico, como en la distribución espacial de la población y la urbanización del país. No obstante, ha existido poco interés por estudiarla magnitud y direccionalidad de los flujos migratorios, en especial hacia San Pedro Sula. Es así, que el presente artículo, además de caracterizar la población migrante, la no migrante, incluye la tipología de migrantes (migrantes de toda la vida y migrantes recientes), estableciendo comparaciones entre estos grupos, en base a sus características sociodemográficas; para lo cual se utilizan datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples de mayo 2006 y 2013. La metodología utilizada consiste en el uso de la diferencia de medias para muestras independientes y la prueba de hipótesis, mediante la T de Student. Los resultados indican que las mujeres son más propensas a migrar y que los nativos cuentan en promedio con mayor nivel educativo que los migrantes. Además, perciben una media salarial ligeramente superior a la obtenida por la población migrante ocupada.
Bienestar subjetivo y su relación con el ingreso económico absoluto, el bienestar objetivo y la condición laboral, en habitantes del municipio de Tatumbla, Francisco Morazán, 2016.
Authors: Landa Blanco Miguel 
Published: February 2018

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el bienestar subjetivo, comprendido como satisfacción con la vida, en habitantes del casco urbano del municipio de Tatumbla, Francisco Morazán en Honduras. Temporalmente, el estudio se realizó en el primer semestre del año 2016. De manera particular, se estudió tal constructo en relación a variables tales como el ingreso económico, el bienestar objetivo y la condición laboral. Todo ello, por medio de un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, de alcance relacional, en una temporalidad transversal. Para la recolección de información se elaboró una escala compuesta por tres dimensiones: egocéntrica, sociocéntrica y homeostática.Los resultados de la investigación indican que no existe relación estadística directa entre la variable bienestar subjetivo e ingreso económico absoluto. De igual manera, no existe relación significativa entre el bienestar objetivo y el subjetivo, salvo una correlación débil entre la tenencia de bienes materiales y los factores egocéntricos.Finalmente, se encontró que los individuos empleados reportan niveles más elevados de bienestar subjetivo, en comparación con los desempleados. Estos resultados se discuten desde los principios del desarrollo humano, valorando la utilidad metodológica del bienestar subjetivo para la detección de desigualdades e indicador de calidad de vida.
Adolescencia y aborto en Cuba. Percepciones de adolescentes y actores sociales
Authors: Álvarez Vázquez Luisa , Rodríguez Cabrera Aida , Avich Nelli Salomón , Domínguez Yuri Arnold 
Published: February 2018

En la atención de salud reducir los casos de aborto es una prioridad en América Latina y el Caribe. Para disminuir esta práctica especialmente entre las adolescentes, se requiere emprender acciones conjuntas entre adolescentes y actores sociales. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar diferencias en las percepciones sobre el aborto en adolescentes y actores en el contexto geográfico de Cuba. Se analizó información cuantitativa disponible en las estadísticas continuas y resultados de las investigaciones realizadas, información de grupos focales (GF) y entrevistas en profundidad (EP), para valorar la forma de pensar de las adolescentes y otros actores sobre la decisión que conduce a abortar, así como losfactores relacionados. En Cuba en los años 80 el aborto entre mujeres de 12 a 49 años fue superior a 50 por mil y aunque ha disminuido, en el 2015 aún era de 30 por mil. Las adolescentes lo practican con frecuencia y poco se conoce cómo piensa la que aborta, su pareja, y la familia. Sobre la protección relacionada con el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, aunque existe el acceso que brindan los servicios de salud, los y las adolescentesreflejan disponer de información limitada. Mientras que los actores sociales indican que los y las adolescentes no atienden las orientaciones. No se observan los resultados positivos de las acciones realizadas en sector salud y educación para evitar y reducir esta práctica en adolescentes, por un lado los y las adolescentes se consideran no informados y por otro, los actores sociales perciben que los y las adolescentes no se dejan guiar.
Laser Doppler Flowmetry versatile acquisition system with low quantization error
Authors: Marrazzi Francesco , Truffer Frederic , Geiser Martial 
Published: February 2018

The Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive technique used to evaluate blood perfusion of various human tissues like the skin or the fundus of the eye. It is based on the scattering of light on moving red blood cells in tissue. Frequency shifted scattered light is detected and provide an electrical signal. Physical models for LDF use the DC and AC components of this signal. If AC is small relative to the DC, digitalization becomes an issue, and if more than two LDF signal acquisitions and analysis have to be done simultaneously, the device becomes expensive and bulky. We propose here a versatile and inexpensive acquisition system, which overcomes quantization errors issue by first separating DC from AC, then amplifying AC and finally recombining both signals before digitalization. We designed an analog circuit combined with a 12 bit analog-to-digital converter, a microcontroller unit and a Raspberry Pi2 (Rpi2) for the signal processing. Results are accessed remotely from the Rpi2 through HTTP protocol. Multiple systems can easily be used simultaneously for multichannel acquisitions.
Chaos, Bifurcations, and Their Control
Authors: Chen Guanrong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe article starts with a self‐contained brief overview of fundamental topics on nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and bifurcations, reaching out to the contemporary subjects of controlling chaos, controlling bifurcations, and anticontrolling chaos.The section on nonlinear dynamics includes basic concepts of nonlinear dynamical systems, equilibria, limit sets, attractors, periodic orbit, limit cycles, Poincaré maps, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits, Lyapunov stabilities, and the orbital stability of dynamical systems.In the section on chaos theory, the concept of chaos and its dynamical features are first introduced, followed by some measures and testing methods of chaos. Fractals and chaos in control systems are briefly described. In parallel, the section on bifurcations introduces several typical types of bifurcations and the period‐doubling bifurcations route to chaos. Similarly, bifurcations in control systems are briefly discussed.The above prepared the readers to step forward into the new realm of research on controlling chaos and controlling bifurcations, presented in the following two sections. Why chaos control and why bifurcation control are first motivated, by both theoretical challenges and real‐world examples. Then, some effective chaos control and bifurcation control methodologies are introduced, respectively, with distinctions from conventional control theory and techniques for nonchaotic especially linear systems.The last section is novel and unique‐anticontrolling chaos in the sense of creating chaos or retaining chaos, by means of control, when chaos is beneficial. This topic has a great potential in nonconventional applications of control theory and practice, with a corpus of opportunities in future technology and engineering.
Neutral‐Point‐ClampedDC–ACPower Converters
Authors: Busquets‐Monge Sergio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article reviews the fundamentals of multilevel multiphase neutral‐point‐clampedDC–ACpower converters. These converters are configured with one or more legs and a commonDC‐link. Each leg is functionally equivalent to a single‐pole multiple‐throw switch (n ≥ 3 positions) and it is implemented with a combination of only power semiconductor devices. The main leg topologies are initially presented, both active(transistor) clamped and passive(diode) clamped, for any number of levels. The leg switching states enabling all possible leg positions are subsequently discussed. Then, the set of all possible converter switching states and their standard representation in the converter space vector diagram is systematically derived, starting from the simplest converter (single‐phase single‐leg) up to the most complex converter with an arbitrary number of phases. The space vector diagram is illustrated for three‐, four‐, andn‐levels in the usual single‐phase and three‐phase cases. Once the converter states have been characterized, the most common converter control approaches are introduced on the basis of the space vector diagram, including space vector control, space vector modulation, programmed pulse width modulation, hysteresis control, and predictive control. These control strategies are illustrated in simple and conventionalDC–ACconverter configurations. Finally, the article discusses theDC‐link capacitor voltage balance problem, which is inherent to these topologies whenever theDC‐link is configured with a capacitive voltage divider. The basics of the different solutions to guarantee the balancing are presented, both through the inclusion of additional hardware and through the application of a suitable converter control strategy.
Three‐Dimensional Failure Patterns Around an Inflating Magmatic Chamber
Authors: Gerbault Muriel , Hassani Riad , Novoa Lizama Camila , Souche Alban 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBedrock failure around an inflating magma chamber is an important factor that controls the occurrence of volcanic eruptions. Here, we employ 3‐D numerical models of elasto‐plastic shear failure around an inflating crustal reservoir, to study how the induced failure patterns depend on the geometry of the chamber, on the host rock strength and on the gravitational field. Our simulations show that either localized or diffuse plastic failure domains develop in 3 stages. Failure initiates (stage 1) after a critical overpressure is reached, the value of which depends on effective host rock strength. Next, and with increasing applied overpressure, either distributed (for zero friction angle) or localized plastic failure zones (for 30
friction angle) form (stage 2), until they finally connect to the surface (stage 3). Cylindrical chambers develop prismatic shear zones that merge from the surface and chamber walls. For spherical and prolate chambers, diffuse conical zones of failure develop from the chamber's crest, whereas for oblate symmetrical chambers, shear bands initiate at the horizontal tips but bend back above the center of the chamber to reach the surface. In contrast for asymmetrical oblate chambers, shear bands initiate in their cylindrical section and vanish along the elongated direction. Here, magmatic fluids may migrate both through diffuse elastic dilation zones at the tips, and through localized shear zones from the crest. Our results thus suggest how natural observations may be used to constrain the mode of failure occurring underneath a volcano. We discuss several natural examples in this context.
Stratiform and Convective Precipitation Properties of Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Yang Zhaohong , Yuan Tie , Jiang Haiyan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Chen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe properties of stratiform and the convective precipitation of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the northwest Pacific are examined using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data for 1998–2013. TCs are classified into inner core (IC), inner rainband (IB), and outer rainband (OB) regions, and the results show that TCs are dominated by stratiform precipitation, which accounts for more than 78% of the total raining area. The highest fraction of the stratiform raining area exists in the IB region and increases as the TC intensity increases (from 80% to 93%). Strong convective signatures generally occur in the IC region, less often in the IB region, and least often in the OB region. Stratiform precipitation in the IC region generally has comparable or even stronger ice scattering signatures and higher 20 dBZ radar echo heights than the convective precipitation in the IB and OB regions. Weak convection decreases significantly as the TC intensity increases, which leads to increased convective intensity. Stratiform (convective) precipitation accounts for 61% (39%) of the total TC volumetric rain and 25% (75%) of the total TC lightning flash, respectively. Moreover, stratiform precipitation's contribution to the total TC volumetric rain and lightning flash increases as the TC intensity increases, which indicates that stronger TCs are favorable for maintaining more stratiform precipitation. The stratiform and convective precipitation properties in different TC regions and intensities cooperatively change with the enhanced ascending branch in the IC region and the radial outflow at the upper levels of the secondary circulation.