bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leucencephalopathy in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Jarski Pawel , Gasimov Turab , Dragaescu Cristina , Sixel‐Döring Friederike , von Eckardstein Kajetan , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit , Malinova Vesna 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLeucencephalopathy (LE) is often detected on magnetic resonance imaging in elderly patients. These white matter lesions may interfere with lead trajectories for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated with complications after DBS surgery.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the incidence of LE in PD patients and to evaluate correlations with complications after DBS surgery.MethodsA consecutive cohort of PD patients who underwent DBS surgery in the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) was retrospectively analyzed. The presence and extent of LE were quantified using the Fazekas scale. Postoperative complications were extracted from the medical records. DBS efficacy was calculated using the side‐specific motor symptom ratio (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III, postoperative stimulation ON/medication off divided by preoperative medication off) at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsA total of 135 PD patients were included in the study. LE was detected in 35.6% (48/135) of the patients. In 87.7% (57/65), LE was mild, in 10.7% (7/65) moderate, and in 1.6% (1/65) severe. A higher incidence of mild to moderate LE did not correlate with postoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection. There was no correlation of LE with stimulation efficacy (r = −0.05, P = 0.69) or with surgical index (r = −0.10, P = 0.35).ConclusionsNeither was the presence of mild to moderate LE associated with an increased risk for surgical complications, nor did it negatively impact the long‐term improvement in motor function after DBS surgery in PD patients. Therefore, mild to moderate LE should not be considered a contraindication for DBS.
Polyphenols and Their Biogenic Nano‐Formulations Targeting BACE1 as Anti‐Amyloid Therapies; Meeting the Challenges of Bioavailability, Safety, and Specificity for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Elawad Mohammed Ahmed , Ayaz Muhammad , Mosa Osama F. , Usman Assad , Hamdoon Alashary Adam Eisa , Almawash Saud , Salim Liga Hasan Mohammed , Ahmed Alshebli , Elkhalifa Modawy Elnour Modawy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), a progressiveneurodegenerative condition is marked by extensive damage in the brain and dementia. Among the pathological hallmarks of AD is beta‐amyloid (Aβ). Production of toxic Aβ oligomers production and accumulation in the brain is among the characteristic features of the disease. The abnormal accumulation Aβ is initiated by the catalytic degradation of Amyloid Precursor Proteins (APP) by Beta Amyloid Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) to generate insoluble amyloid plaques. The abnormal proteins are mitochondrial poison which disrupt the energy production and liberate excessive free radicals causing neuronal damage and mutations. Consequently, targeting Aβ‐associated pathways has become a focus in the pursuit of developing effective AD treatments. An obstacle faced by many medications used to treat neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is the restricted permeability across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Unfortunately, no anti‐amyloid drug is clinically approved till now. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have provided a possible solution for delivering medications to specific targets. By integrating natural products with nano‐medicinal approaches, it is possible to develop novel and highly efficient therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD.
Polyaromatic Cyclophanes Design and their Related Optical Properties
Authors: Diallo Oumou , Audibert Jean‐Frédéric , Leray Isabelle , Kreher David , Bertrand Guillaume H. V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present several organic synthetic way to synthesize a family of five polyaromatic molecules based on a cyclophane core. Our strategies revolves around palado‐catalyzed substitution on a [2.2]paracyclophane (pCp) building block. Direct formation of a cyclophane was also employed for two molecules. The polyaromatic nature of the cyclophane library we synthetized made them good fluorophores candidate, we hence performed full photophysical characterization (Absorption, Emission, TCSPC) in different solvent as well as embed in polystyrene films. We evaluate how the cyclophane moiety influence their photo physical properties compared to their corresponding homologues without pCp core, demonstrating greater stoke shift and intramolecular exciplex behavior. The general behavior among cyclophanes was also compared and show solvent dependent properties as well as consistency of the photophysics between toluene and polystyrene matrix.
Nature loofah network‐inspired rapid thermal‐conductive and thermochromic‐based nanocomposites for efficient heat management in advanced electronic devices
Authors: Yan Junbao , Zhang Hanwen , Bai Ying , Wei Xuejing , Zheng Xueling , She Mengting , Cheng Cui , Lei Tong , Ming Ruidong , Wang Luoxin , Jia Yingbin , Xiong Siwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of 5G technology has raised concerns about the heat buildup in microelectronic components, which can hinder device performance and integration. Inspired by the structure of loofah, we designed thermally conductive substrates using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and graphene oxide (GO) incorporated into copper foam (F‐Cu). We also created nano‐thermal management composites with organic thermochromic material‐GO/PDMS/F‐Cu. The composites had a thermal conductivity of 1.02 Wm−1 K−1 with 15 wt% content of (35‐, 45‐, and 65‐) organic thermochromic materials (OTM), showing efficient heat dissipation. Practical testing showed significantly improved cooling effects compared to pure copper foam, with a CPU temperature drop of 9.6°C. Additionally, the surface color changes at specific temperature thresholds, offering an innovative way to determine the temperature range of electronic devices. This material also provides a solution for monitoring the temperature of densely integrated electronic devices.Highlights
Enables temperature visualization in microelectronics.
The nanocomposite achieves a value of 1.08 Wm−1 K−1.
Nanocomposites predict heat source temperature via thermochromic coating.
The cyclic test exhibits commendable stability and reliability.
Influence of fly ash and waste tire rubber particles on mechanical and tribological properties of composite brake linings
Authors: Adsoy Abdülhamit , Kurt Serpil , Topuz Ahmet 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo investigate the influence of waste tire rubber (WTR) and fly ash (FA) on mechanical and tribological properties of composite brake linings, 8 different formulations of 8–40 wt% FA and 10–12 wt% WTR were selected. The mechanical tests showed that high amounts of resin and FA result in the highest hardness. The inclusion of WTR, decreased hardness and internal shear strength; however, increased the acetone extraction and resistance to coefficient of friction (COF) fluctuations. With the use of WTR, steady COF fluctuations with the temperature changes are achieved. The tribological properties were evaluated with both a drum‐type and disc‐type dynamometer by the SAE‐J661 standard. Reduced COF fluctuations were observed in <15 wt% FA and 10 wt% WTR containing samples. The highest COF was obtained for the 14 wt% FA and the lowest wear rate for the samples containing 8 wt% FA. The brake composites exhibited consistent COF in the range of 0.34–0.52, and wear rates lower than 7 wt%. Two compositions containing 40 and 25 wt% FA (no WTR), and one containing 10 wt% WTR and 8 wt% FA provided the best results. Finally, four best compositions were selected and worn surfaces were analyzed with SEM after full‐scale dynamometer tests.Highlights
Three composites with high waste percentage were successfully manufactured
Fly ash and waste rubber are used without any post‐processing to cut costs
Waste rubber increased resistance to COF fluctuations with temperature change
Full‐scale dynamometer tests are performed for friction and wear properties
Worn surfaces were analyzed with SEM method
Wave transmittance performance prediction of curved radome prefabricated with continuous fibers plain weave fabric
Authors: Yin Jianjun , Wu Yilan , Sun Yong , Yang Jun , Xiong Ziliu , Wu Kang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe plain weave fabric made of special fibers was characterized by low density, lightness, ease of co‐planarity, and strong designability, widely used in the production of radar covers, stealth fighter skin, and shielding walls, among other complex electromagnetic shielding components. However, high‐performance fibers, influenced by weaving processes and the interlacing patterns of yarns, possess significant flexibility. Under external loads, fibers are prone to relative slippage, leading to uncertain geometric distortions. Furthermore, changes in their electromagnetic wave transmission properties make it difficult to accurately predict the electromagnetic performance of fiber radar covers. This study primarily focuses on the macro deformation behavior of plain weave fabrics, establishes the geometric mapping relationship for covering curved surface radar covers using plain weave fabrics, and ultimately develops a predictive model for the electromagnetic wave transmittance performance of plain weave fabrics. The research examines the impact of macro and micro geometric structural parameters of plain weave fabrics on electromagnetic wave transmission properties, ultimately enabling quantitative analysis of the electromagnetic wave transmission properties of woven radar covers. The conclusions indicated that changes in the plain weave fabric's pitch directly affect the fiber volume fraction, thereby affecting the transmittance. The greater the shear deformation of plain weave fabric laid on a curved surface, the thicker the fabric and the higher the fiber volume fraction. At the higher curvature ends of curved surfaces, the transmittance was lower than at the lower curvature base.Highlights
Explained the deformation behavior of plain weave fabric.
A wave transmission model for radome made of plain weave fabric was established.
The influence mechanism of fabric deformation on wave transmission was revealed.
Online assessment in young children: Challenges and considerations
Authors: McBride Catherine , Ho Jana Chi‐San , McQuade Maria , Ngan Vince Siu Hin , Ng Melody Chi Ying , Cheah Zebedee Rui En , Maurer Urs 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the years following the COVID‐19 pandemic, online assessment has emerged as an increasingly popular method for testing children. This review aims to review key advantages and disadvantages of online assessment in young children, specifically in the area of literacy and mathematics assessment. We first consider the recent history of online assessment and give evidence from our own experiences with online assessments in both Cebu, Philippines and Hong Kong. We then discuss the benefits of conducting assessments online. One of the key strengths of online assessments is the efficient use of resources, such as ease of staff training, increased participation and decreased costs for both participants and researchers. Difficulties related to testing environment, parental interference and exclusion of certain populations are also highlighted as focal challenges that must be considered when designing and implementing online assessment. The reliability and validity of online assessments are then specifically discussed in relation to the question of how to best ensure that online measures function as intended, stressing the importance of establishing separate norms for the various administration modes. Notably, online assessments delivered via phone screen must have separate norms than those delivered on a computer screen, as device differences may account for differences in performance. Finally, we present broader considerations for designing online assessments with young children. This includes practical tips for pilot testing, user interface design, data confidentiality and automatic scoring, both to enhance the efficiency of future online assessments and increase participation. Specifically, online assessments for children must account for their developing attentional abilities, meaning assessments should be brief, engaging and contain clear task instructions. The implementation of these considerations will support the development of more reliable, valid and inclusive assessments which will allow researchers and practitioners to support equitable and feasible online testing moving forward.
MOF‐Derived MoC/WC Heterostructure as Bidirectional Catalyst for Lithium Polysulfide Enables High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Zhang Fang , Su Qingmei , Hou Xuehan , Chen Rui , Chen Zhuo , Du Gaohui , Shi Weihao , Shi Yang , Lv Yujie , Huang Wenhuan , Xu Bingshe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have high energy density and environmental friendliness, they have garnered a lot of attention as a new type of energy storage technology. However, the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and low utilization of sulfur (S) in Li‐S batteries reduce the cycle stability and energy efficiency and limit their practical application. Therefore, it is urgent to achieve simultaneous immobilization and conversion of LiPSs utilizing catalysts. Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived MoC/WC@NC heterojunction is synthesized as a bidirectional catalyst for LiPSs in high‐performance Li‐S batteries. Experimental and theoretical calculations indicate that the catalyst is expected to improve the catalytic activity for reduction and oxidation reactions of LiPSs, thereby accelerating the kinetics of Li‐S batteries. In conclusion, with the incorporation of the novel catalyst between the cathodes and separators in Li‐S batteries, the assembled batteries demonstrate excellent rate performance, with an initial discharge capacity of 1752.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and a discharge‐specific capacity of 783.2 mAh g−1 even at 2 C. More significantly, the coulombic efficiency stayed above 99% and the capacity of 589.1 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C with a decay rate of only 0.062% each cycle.
Evolving Risk Management Frameworks for Complex Systems—An Empirically Grounded Systems Thinking Approach
Authors: Luther Benjamin , Gunawan Indra , Nguyen Nam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe increasing complexity of systems is demanding a paradigm shift in risk management frameworks (RMFs). This study adopts a systems thinking approach to conduct an empirically grounded analysis (EGA) of the risk management practices of Flight Test crews operating in a dynamic environment with catastrophic consequences. Extending upon qualitative research that elicited the unique RMF of Flight Test crews, the EGA examines the academic theory underlying why the Flight Test crew approach to applying multiple mitigations to system hazards is effective. Grounded in risk and utility theory, this research then presents a novel RMF that aligns effective risk management tools with the intricacy level (dynamism, determinism and latency) of the underlying system, categorized using a Cynefin ontological framework. This novel RMF accommodates the attributes of complexity exhibited by socio‐technical systems, enabling effective (and therefore efficient) resource allocation when mitigating risk in complex systems. Using the systems thinking approach of the Flight Test crews, this EGA contributes a validated, generalized RMF to support decision‐making in organizations operating complex systems.
Harnessing Ruthenium and Copper Catalysts for Formate Dehydrogenase Reactions
Authors: Mishra Aman , Kumar Padhi Sumanta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFormic acid (HCOOH) is a promising source of hydrogen energy that can be used to produce hydrogen in a more economical and ecological way. Formic acid is a simple carboxylic acid with a high hydrogen concentration and is generally stable, making it useful as a hydrogen transporter. Catalytic dehydrogenation is usually used to extract hydrogen from formic acid; this process releases hydrogen gas and yields carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Comparing this technology to conventional hydrogen generation methods, there are several benefits, such as the utilization of the formic acid handling infrastructure already in place and the possibility of a simpler integration into different energy systems. Notwithstanding, several obstacles persist, including enhancing the effectiveness of the dehydrogenation procedure and reducing the ecological consequences of the correlated carbon dioxide discharges. Catalysts, reaction conditions, and carbon collection and utilization methodologies are all being researched further. The development of Ru and Cu‐based catalysts for the catalytic breakdown of HCOOH into CO2 and H2 is the main topic of this account. Herein, the focus is on the kinetic studies of HCOOH dehydrogenation, encompassing mechanistic investigations that consider intermediate studies and DFT calculations.
Global Englishes and TESOL: An Editorial Introduction to Innovating Research and Practice
Authors: Rose Heath , McKinley Jim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis editorial introduction to the special issue on Global Englishes and TESOL (Teaching English to speakers of other languages) explores the shifting landscape of English language teaching in response to English's role as a global lingua franca. The increasing diversification of English speakers and contexts challenges traditional TESOL practices, which have long centered on native speaker norms. This special issue includes 15 articles that critically examine the theoretical foundations of Global Englishes, the integration of these concepts into curricula, and the need for innovative research designs to support their implementation. These articles discuss how Global Englishes can address linguistic inequities, promote social justice, and reshape English language education by focusing on real‐world language use. The collection emphasizes the need for collaboration between researchers and practitioners to ensure that pedagogical approaches reflect the diverse linguistic realities of English learners today. Additionally, it highlights the barriers posed by standardized testing, textbook content, and entrenched native speaker ideologies. By advancing empirical research and showcasing diverse global perspectives, this special issue aims to push the boundaries of Global Englishes scholarship and inspire meaningful, practical innovations in TESOL.
Metastatic haemangiosarcoma in conjunction with polycystic kidney disease in a 20‐year‐old jenny donkey
Authors: Egli Patricia , Lambert Jessica , Yin Ji‐Hang , Cole Robert C. , Hobbs Kallie J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA 20‐year‐old female donkey was referred for further investigation of anaemia, weight loss and lethargy. Ultrasound scanning revealed multiple rounded, well‐delineated, anechoic nodules of varying size (up to 3 cm diameter) within the cortex of both kidneys. Splenic parenchyma demonstrated mixed echogenic complex mass lesions (up to 5 cm diameter) involving the splenic capsule. Bloodwork revealed a severe anaemia and leukopenia. Histopathological analysis of the lesion revealed splenic haemangiosarcoma with metastatic involvement of other organs in combination with polycystic kidney disease. This case details two previously underreported diseases in donkeys that should be considered as differential diagnoses in donkeys admitted with anaemia, weight loss and lethargy.
Commentary on Part III - Classification
Authors: Pousadela Inés M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRutherford, LePere-Schloop and Perai highlight the challenges of establishing a classification system for CSOs and applying it consistently even after reaching agreement around a definition of civil society as a sector and laying out criteria for determining which organizations are in and which are out. In countries in which the sector is regulated and where there are registries available, classification may be driven by existing online datasets, even though it is often the case that not all data is publicly available. Such information may be useful for policymakers, while posing additional challenges for researchers seeking comparability across countries and regions. Variety therefore suggests the need to strike a balance between standardization and localization. This resonates strongly when it comes to classifying CSOs in Latin America.
Commentary on Part IV - Data Aggregation
Authors: Appe Susan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAt first glance, some might find it odd that a qualitative researcher like me would be commenting on a section about data aggregation. However, data aggregation as it is called here, or elsewhere called “mapping” the Third Sector has emerged as an important component to my research. As a practice, mapping can georeference information (a literal map). As a metaphor, mapping can signal the gathering and collating of standardized information about the third sector. As an outcome, mapping can facilitate sampling frames and encourage comparative research. . This commentary considers the section of ‘data aggregation’ in this volume.
Commentary on Part VI - Ways Forward
Authors: Yamauchi Naoto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractI am pleased to write a commentary on this excellent chapter on Third Sector research. While nonprofit or Third Sector research has a history of more than half a century, until the 1980s, it focused primarily on nonprofit organizations and philanthropy in the United States. Since the 1990s, however, the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project (CNP) has been launched, and the question has been raised as to whether research on U.S. nonprofits is equally applicable to the nonprofit sector outside the U.S. In this chapter, Stefan Toepler and Helmut K. Anheier, who have led CNP, address the definition, classification, and causes of international differences in the nonprofit sector based on the research findings of the CNP. They also suggest a set of research agendas for next-generation scholars. Based on my experience as one of the country experts of CNP, I would like to examine critically (1) how to define and explain the cross-national difference in the Third Sector and (2) how to build sustainable core data infrastructure.