bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the acoustic roughness spectrum of high-speed railway rails
Authors: Han Li , Wu Xiangyang , Yu Qing , Liu Lanhua , Wang Chenge 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the acoustic roughness of rails on China’s high-speed railways, with a focus on short-wavelength irregularities (less than 80 cm), which are known to significantly contribute to noise. The goal is to develop a specific acoustic roughness spectrum tailored for China’s high-speed railway system, as no such spectrum currently exists.Design/methodology/approachA long-term tracking study was conducted on major railway lines in China, monitoring rail roughness throughout the initial operational period and the rails’ service life. Data preprocessing techniques such as peak removal and curvature correction were applied for acoustic adjustments. A spatial-wavelength domain transformation was performed, providing the distribution patterns and statistical characteristics of acoustic roughness on China’s high-speed rails. Based on these analyses, a model for constructing the acoustic roughness spectrum was developed.FindingsThe study found that the acoustic roughness of China’s high-speed railway rails follows a χ2 distribution with six degrees of freedom. For wavelengths greater than 8 cm, the acoustic roughness spectrum remains below the ISO specified limits. In the wavelength range of 3.2 cm to 6.3 cm, the roughness is comparable to or within the limits specified by ISO 3095:2005 and ISO 3095:2013. However, for wavelengths shorter than 2.5 cm, the roughness exceeds ISO limits.Originality/valueThis research fills the gap in the lack of a specific acoustic roughness spectrum for China’s high-speed railways. By establishing a tailored spectrum based on long-term data analysis, the findings provide valuable insights for noise control and rail maintenance in the context of China’s high-speed rail system.
Modal analysis of concrete gravity dam incorporating pre-stress condition along with soil–structure interaction
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , .K Nallasivam 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The fundamental period of the structure plays an important role in the seismic analysis. This study aims to analyze the modal response of dam, the two-dimensional (2D) FEM model is developed by using ANSYS 2022 R1 software.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine the optimized mesh size to achieve grid independence, the variable element size has been considered, and its optimal value is calculated using the technique of response surface optimization. Further, the effect of damping ratios of 5%, 8% and 10% is also considered for the free vibration analysis of the dam structure.

Findings
The results show that the natural frequencies of the dam decrease with a reduction in stiffness of the whole structure. Further, the effect of pre-stress conditions is analyzed and the study has proved that the natural frequency increases after considering the pre-stress as initial condition during modal analysis. Further, it is found that the damping has a substantial effect on frequency for higher modes of vibrations.

Research limitations/implications
The study only focused on modal analysis of the gravity dam, and this study’s results can be used further to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the dam including hydrodynamic conditions.

Originality/value
The finite element tool is used to evaluate the modal response of gravity dam incorporating pre-stress and damping ratio along with soil–structure interaction. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no earlier study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of damping and pre-stress conditions on the stability and natural frequency of the system.
Soil microfauna mediate multifunctionality under multilevel warming in a primary forest
Authors: Li Debao , Chen Deyun , Hou Chunyu , Chen Hong , Zhou Qingqiu , Wu Jianping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Soil microfauna play a crucial role in maintaining multiple functions associated with soil phosphorous, nitrogen and carbon cycling. Although both soil microfauna diversity and multifunctionality are strongly affected by climate warming, it remains unclear how their relationships respond to different levels of warming.

We conducted a 3‐year multilevel warming experiment with five warming treatments in a subtropical primary forest. Using infrared heating systems, the soil surface temperature in plots was maintained at 0.8, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.2°C above ambient temperature (control).

Our findings indicated that low‐level warming (+0.8–1.5°C) increased soil multifunctionality, as well as nematode and protist diversity, compared with the control. In contrast, high‐level warming (+4.2°C) significantly reduced these variables. We also identified significant positive correlations between soil multifunctionality and nematode and protist diversity in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Notably, we found that soil multifunctionality and protist diversity did not change significantly under 3.0°C warming treatment.

Our results imply that a temperature increase of around 3°C may represent a critical threshold in subtropical forests, which is of great importance for identifying response measures to global warming from the perspective of microfauna in the surface soil. Our findings provide new evidence on how soil microfauna regulate multifunctionality under varying degrees of warming in primary forests.
From parachuting to partnership: Fostering collaborative research in protected areas
Authors: Smit I. P. J. , Fernández R. J. , Menvielle M. F. , Roux D. J. , Singh N. , Mabuza S. , Mthombeni B. M. , Macgregor N. A. , Fritz H. , Gandiwa E. , Foxcroft L. C. , Cook C. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Research in protected areas (PAs) is often dominated by scientists from outside the conservation agencies managing them. This can potentially lead to misalignment with local needs, insensitivity to the local context and a lack of investment in and use of local expertise. These issues often arise when international researchers work in another country without local engagement (known as ‘parachute science’). Despite PAs being key end users of actionable science, there is limited understanding of the prevalence and impact of parachute science in these areas.

Here, we investigate parachute versus collaborative research in two national parks in the Global South (Kruger National Park, South Africa; Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina) and one park from a developed economy (Kakadu National Park, Australia). To explore the prevalence, risks, benefits and complexities of research practices, we analyse the patterns of authorship, funding and acknowledgement in a random sample of peer‐reviewed papers from research conducted in these parks.

Our findings show a higher incidence of potential parachute science in Kruger National Park (18% of papers with only out‐of‐country authors) compared to Nahuel Huapi (4%) and Kakadu (2%) national parks. However, the occurrence of internationally collaborative research (national and international authors) was double in Global South parks (35%–38%) than in the Australian park (18%).

The study illustrates the potential benefits of international collaboration for PAs, including increased research productivity, expanded funding sources and possibly higher impact and visibility of published studies. PAs in developed countries may have fewer opportunities to obtain those benefits.

Most papers, even those with in‐country authors, lacked authors affiliated with the agency managing the PA and often failed to even acknowledge these agencies. This suggests the potential for a different form of parachute science (which we term ‘park parachuting’) in which lack of local involvement may hamper integration of research with management.

Synthesis and applications: Establishing conditions that foster collaboration between national and international researchers, and between PA agency staff and external researchers (regardless of their nationality), would enable parks to better serve as catalysts for research collaboration. This collaborative approach can facilitate access to additional funding, enhance research capacity, increase research productivity and amplify research impact.
Micronutrient intakes in a young antenatal population—10‐year Retrospective survey at a Sydney hospital clinic
Authors: Ferrie Suzie , Ireland Merryl 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimNutritional requirements are increased in young people to support growth, and this is particularly critical when pregnancy occurs within young age groups. The aim was to describe nutritional intakes (with particular emphasis on iron and calcium) and selected pregnancy outcomes, in a young antenatal population aged 14–24 years.MethodA retrospective audit was conducted using 404 records from a young parents' antenatal clinic which included prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), pregnancy weight gain, baby birth weight, nutritional biochemistry, and dietitian assessment of iron and calcium intakes and supplement use. Age groups were compared (adolescents aged 14–18 years versus older 19–24 years clients), and regression analysis was used to explore potential predictors of birth outcomes.ResultsThere was no difference in prepregnancy body mass index for age, pregnancy weight gain, baby birth weight or outcomes, between the age groups. Based on food group serves, intakes were inadequate for iron in 82% of clients and for calcium in 72%. Iron status declined in both groups during the pregnancy, while adolescents had less adequate calcium intake (p = 0.0001). Supplement use was more common in clients with poor iron (p = 0.015) or vitamin D status (p < 0.0001).ConclusionIron and calcium intakes were inadequate in this nutritionally vulnerable population. Further research would be beneficial to identify effective interventions to improve nutrition in this cohort.
Jerked beef as an ultraprocessed convenience food: Desalting strategies to minimize the impact on lipid and protein oxidation
Authors: Carvalho Jéssica Moreira de , Carvalho Leila Moreira de , Rocha Thayse Cavalcante da , Galvão Mércia de Sousa , Pedrão Mayka Reghiany , Lemos Ana Lúcia da Silva Côrrea , Madruga Marta Suely 
Published: November 2024

AbstractJerked beef (JB) is a high‐protein convenience food but shows high degree of oxidation owing to its severe ultraprocessing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of desalting processes on oxidative stability of JB. JB were submitted to five desalting procedures: immersion in water at room temperature for 12 h without changing the water (AT12); immersion in water at room temperature for 12 h followed by boiling for 30 min and changing the water between the two procedures (AT12 + C30); immersion in boiled water for 10, 20, and 30 min (C10, C20, and C30, respectively). The desalted JB samples were refrigerated (vacuum packed and stored at 1 ± 1°C) and analyzed at 0 and 60 days. The samples without desalting were used as a control group. AT12 samples had the lowest lipid oxidation (0.05 and 0.07 mg of MDA kg−1, at T60 and T0, respectively). AT12 + C30 had the lowest NaCl content (2.8 and 3.3 g 100 g−1, at T0 and T60, respectively). C10, C20, and C30 showed a lower level of total carbonyls (p < 0.05) (0.04–0.13 nmol mg−1 protein), compared to control (0.53–0.93 nmol mg−1 protein in T0 and T60, respectively). Only boiled, desalted meats showed the volatile compound benzaldehyde. Higher concentration of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and total unsaturated fatty acids in JB desalted only in boiling water (C10, C20, and C30), compared to control (p < 0.05). AT12 is the best process to use, with regards to lipid oxidative stability, hardness, and NaCl content. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to offer commercially desalted JB, as a convenience ultraprocessed product.Practical ApplicationLipid oxidation is accelerated when desalting jerked beef (JB) with boiling water. Desalted JB in boiling water had detectable concentrations of benzaldehyde. •Desalting in water at 25°C/12 h resulted in JB with better oxidative stability.
Weizmannia coagulans BC99 affects valeric acid production via regulating gut microbiota to ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress responses in Helicobacter pylori mice
Authors: Zhai Shirui , Gao Yinyin , Jiang Yiru , Li Yuwan , Fan Qiuxia , Tie Shanshan , Wu Ying , Gu Shaobin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent pathogen in human gastric mucosa epithelial cells with strong colonization ability. Weizmannia coagulans is a kind of active microorganism that is beneficial to the improvement of host gut microbiota balance and can prevent and treat intestinal diseases. We investigated the beneficial effects of W. coagulans BC99 in H. pylori infected mice and measured inflammation response, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota. Results showed that BC99 could alleviate the gastric inflammation, inhibit the increasing of inflammation parameters endotoxin, interleukin‐10, transforming growth factor‐β, and interferon‐γ and oxidative stress myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, promote the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that BC99 reversed the change of gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of Olsenella, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Monoglobus, and increasing the abundance of Tyzzerella. Meanwhile, BC99 caused elevated levels of Ligilactobacillus and Lactobacillus. In view of the beneficial effect of BC99 on the content of short‐chain fatty acid, valeric acid with sodium valerate interfered with H. pylori infection in mice found that valeric acid had a good restorative effect of H. pylori infection relating inflammation and oxidative stress responses. These results suggest that W. coagulans BC99 can be used as a potential probiotic to prevent and treat H. pylori infection by regulating the inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota.
Chlorella vulgaris as a food substitute: Applications and benefits in the food industry
Authors: Wang Chiao‐An , Onyeaka Helen , Miri Taghi , Soltani Fakhteh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChlorella vulgaris, a freshwater microalga, is gaining attention for its potential as a nutritious food source and dietary supplement. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on C. vulgaris, evaluating its viability as a food substitute in the industry by exploring the nutritional value and application of C. vulgaris in the food industry. Rich in protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, Chlorella offers substantial nutritional benefits, positioning it as a valuable food substitute. Its applications in the food industry include incorporation into smoothies, snacks, and supplements, enhancing the nutritional profile of various food products. The health benefits of Chlorella encompass antioxidant activity, immune system support, and detoxification, contributing to overall well‐being. Despite these advantages, the commercialization of Chlorella faces significant challenges. These include variability in antibacterial activity due to strain and growth conditions, high production costs, contamination risks, and sensory issues such as unpleasant taste and smell. Additionally, Chlorella can accumulate heavy metals from its environment, necessitating stringent quality control measures. Future prospects involve improving Chlorella strains through genetic manipulation to enhance nutrient content, developing cost‐effective culture systems, and exploring advanced processing techniques like pulsed electric fields for better digestibility. Addressing sensory issues through flavor‐masking strategies and employing environmental management practices will further support Chlorella's integration into the food industry. Although C. vulgaris shows great potential as a nutritious food ingredient, overcoming existing challenges and optimizing production methods would be crucial for its successful adoption and widespread use.
Establishing a new human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL‐1, expressing insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor and programmed cell death ligand 1
Authors: Nagamine Hiroaki , Yashiro Masakazu , Mizutani Megumi , Sugimoto Akira , Matsumoto Yoshiya , Tani Yoko , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Yamada Kazuhiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Asai Kazuhisa , Suzuki Satoshi , Kawaguchi Tomoya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Main ProblemSquamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent type of non–small cell lung cancer. Analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying lung carcinoma requires useful tools, such as squamous lung cancer cell lines.MethodsA novel new lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line, OMUL‐1, was developed from the primary lung cancer of a 74‐year‐old man. We assessed the characteristics and behavior of OMUL‐1 cells were examined, including their growth kinetics, tumorigenicity in mice, histological properties, gene expression profiles using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and RNA sequencing and invasion assays.ResultsOMUL‐1‐an adherent cell line‐resulted in 100% tumor formation when subcutaneously injected into mice. Histological analysis of the subcutaneous tumor using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed squamous cell carcinoma with characteristics similar to those of the primary tumor (p40 and p63 were positive, and TTF‐1 was negative). An invasion assay demonstrated that OMUL‐1 had a lower invasion ability compared to that of other developed cell lines. RT‐PCR analysis and RNA sequencing indicated that OMUL‐1 cells expressed FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, EGFR, HER2, ErbB3, ErbB4, VEGFR3, IGF1R, c‐MET, PDGFRa, and PDGFRb. Additionally, picropodophyllin (an IGF1R inhibitor) significantly inhibited the growth of OMUL‐1 cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IGF1R and PD‐L1 were expressed in both the primary and subcutaneous tumors.ConclusionsWe developed a novel new squamous cell lung carcinoma cell line, OMUL‐1, that expresses IGF1R and PD‐L1.
Consent to advanced imaging in antenatal pulmonary embolism diagnostics: Prevalence, outcomes of nonconsent and opportunities to mitigate delayed diagnosis risk
Authors: Vinson David R. , Somers Madeline J. , Qiao Edward , Campbell Aidan R. , Heringer Grace V. , Florio Cole J. , Zekar Lara , Middleton Cydney E. , Woldemariam Sara T. , Gupta Nachiketa , Poth Luke S. , Reed Mary E. , Roubinian Nareg H. , Raja Ali S. , Sperling Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundNonconsent to pulmonary vascular (or advanced) imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnancy can delay diagnosis and treatment, increasing risk of adverse outcomes. We sought to understand factors associated with consent and understand outcomes after nonconsent.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was undertaken across 21 community hospitals from October 1, 2021, through March 31, 2023. We included gravid patients undergoing diagnostics for suspected PE who were recommended advanced imaging. The primary outcome was verbal consent to advanced imaging. Diagnostic settings were nonobstetric (99% emergency departments [EDs]) and obstetrics (labor and delivery and outpatient clinics). Using quasi‐Poisson regression, we calculated adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of consenting with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also reported symptom resolution and delayed imaging at follow‐up and 90‐day PE outcomes.ResultsImaging was recommended for 405 outpatients: median age was 30.5 years; 50% were in the third trimester. Evaluation was more common in nonobstetric (83%) than obstetric settings (17%). Overall, 314 (78%) agreed to imaging and 91 (22%) declined imaging. Consenting was more prevalent in obstetric settings compared with nonobstetric settings: 99% versus 73% (p < 0.001). When adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, including pretest probability, only obstetric setting was independently associated with consenting: aRR 1.26 (95% CI 1.09–1.44). Seventy‐nine (87%) patients declining imaging had 30‐day follow‐up. Eight of 12 who reported persistent or worsening symptoms on follow‐up were again recommended advanced imaging and consented. Imaging was negative. None who initially declined imaging were diagnosed with PE or died within 90 days.ConclusionsOne in five gravid patients suspected of PE declined advanced imaging, more commonly in nonobstetric (principally ED) settings than obstetric settings. Patients symptomatic on follow‐up responded favorably to subsequent imaging recommendations without 90‐day outcomes. Improving the communication and documentation of informed consent and securing close follow‐up for nonconsenters may mitigate risks of missed and delayed PE diagnosis.
The dark side of close proximity to supply chain partners: Evidence from auditing practices in China
Authors: Wen Hai , Jiang Zhiqian , Xiao Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile close distance to trading partners is often viewed as beneficial to business operations, our study reveals a potential downside. We show that a firm's geographical proximity to its major trading partners is positively correlated with audit fees, which can be explained by an opportunistic narrative: close interactions within the supply chain facilitate misconduct, increasing auditors' engagement risk and concerns. Further analyses suggest that mid‐ and lower‐level employees, rather than top management, are more likely to initiate such misconduct. Overall, our findings highlight the dark side of firm–stakeholder geographical proximity and broaden our understanding of its impact on corporate governance.
Introducing a Novel Pacemaker‐Mediated Arrhythmia: The Pseudo‐RNRVAS Arising From Atrial Capture Challenges
Authors: Atar Asli Inci , Atar Ilyas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to define and explain a novel form of pacemaker‐mediated arrhythmia which is initiated and sustained by atrial capture loss coinciding with ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction within the postventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP). Unlike repetitive nonreentrant VA synchrony (RNRVAS), in the pseudo‐RNRVAS, the atrium is not stimulated due to pacing below the threshold level, rather than because of refractory atrial myocardium.ObjectiveThe objective was to elucidate the mechanisms of this pseudo‐RNRVAS, identify predisposing factors, and propose preventive strategies.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with dual‐chamber cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) exhibiting stable VA conduction within the PVARP were included. Pseudo‐RNRVAS were induced by altering atrial amplitude and lower rate interval while keeping other CIED parameters constant.ResultsPseudo‐RNRVAS developed after atrial capture loss in 20 out of 21 patients. Notably, 11 patients experienced pseudo‐RNRVAS at heart rates ≤ 70 bpm, and 7 patients at AV delay ≤ 150 ms. The condition initiated immediately following the first ventricular pace beat after atrial capture loss in 18 patients. In six cases, pseudo‐RNRVAS terminated intermittently and then restarted; in 14 cases, it did not resolve.ConclusionPseudo‐RNRVAS can occur even at low heart rates and without specific predisposing factors seen in RNRVAS. Conditions that increase atrial pacing probability and threshold raise the likelihood of pseudo‐RNRVAS. Early postimplantation may pose a heightened risk, correlating with pacemaker syndrome and susceptibility to heart failure.