bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight‐based victimization among sexual and gender minority adolescents: Findings from a diverse national sample
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Himmelstein Mary S. , Watson Ryan J. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectivesChildren and adolescents with overweight and obesity are vulnerable to weight‐based victimization. Research on weight‐based victimization and sexual identity have been largely isolated from one another; little is known about the nature of weight‐based victimization in sexual and gender minority (SGM: eg, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) youth. Our study is the first to examine the nature, extent, and sources of weight‐based victimization in a large sample of SGM adolescents.MethodsThis study utilized data from the LGBTQ National Teen Survey, a comprehensive online survey assessing victimization, school experiences, health behaviors, and sexuality‐specific experiences of SGM adolescents across the United States. The sample was composed of 9838 SGM adolescents (Mage = 15.6 years).ResultsAcross diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups, 44% to 70% of adolescents reported weight‐based teasing from family members, and 42% to 57% reported weight‐based teasing from peers. Approximately one‐third of adolescents reported these experiences from both family and peers. Weight‐based victimization was prevalent across body weight categories, particularly at highest (obesity) and lowest (underweight) extremes. Moreover, weight‐based victimization was prevalent across adolescents who endorsed established sexual identity labels (eg, gay, lesbian, bisexual) and emerging labels (eg, pansexual, asexual).ConclusionsWeight‐based victimization, from family members and peers, is prevalent among SGM adolescents, across diverse body sizes and sexual and gender identities. Pediatric providers should be aware that SGM youth may be vulnerable to weight‐based victimization, across diverse body sizes.
A new DEA approach to fully rank DMUs with an application to MBA programs
Authors: Ekiz Melike Kübra , Tuncer Şakar Ceren 
Published: February 2019

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) can be used to evaluate the efficiencies of decision‐making units (DMUs) in various areas like education, healthcare, and energy. Several DEA methods are proposed for this purpose; however, some of these methods cannot provide a full ranking and others often overlook some considerations that arise with special characteristics of DMUs. We propose a new DEA‐based approach to achieve a full ranking of DMUs. Our approach takes various issues into account such as the initial efficiency score of the DMU, the DMUs that should be removed from the set for it to become efficient (if any) and its effects on the efficiency scores of other DMUs. We demonstrate the shortcomings of several other DEA methods and discuss how our approach overcomes these. We apply our approach to evaluate 50 MBA programs from Financial Times 2018 rankings and compare the results with the evaluations of other methods. As opposed to some methods, our approach has the advantage of differentiating between all efficient DMUs as well as inefficient ones. In addition, the results demonstrate that we can achieve a consistent ranking that considers different aspects of the problem setting. The generated scores are also used to sort DMUs in classes of preference.
Pediatric elective therapeutic procedure complications: A multicenter cohort analysis
Authors: Attard Thomas M , Miller Mikaela , Walker A Adjowa , Lee Brian , McGuire Stephanie R , Thomson Mike 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimCurrent understanding of specific, therapeutic procedure‐associated complications in pediatric patients remains limited. This study aims to determine the frequency of significant complications in pediatric age‐range subjects following the principal therapeutic endoscopic procedures.MethodsThis study used retrospective multi‐institutional, ICD‐9‐CM, Clinical Transaction Classification, and Current Procedural Terminology based database (Pediatric Hospital Information System) analysis. This study included demographic, chronic comorbidity, procedure type, and post‐procedure outcomes defined through mortality, unplanned direct admission, emergency room, and inpatient admission and inpatient therapeutic events.ResultsDuring the study period, 18 018 patients underwent therapeutic endoscopy; 132 required direct (0.16%) or emergency room/inpatient (0.58%) admission within 5 days following the procedure; mortality was 0.01%. Most (50.75%) complications presented on the day of or 1 day post‐procedure. Hispanic race and coexisting chronic comorbidities, especially gastrointestinal conditions, were identified risk factors for significant complications. Endoscopic dilatation and variceal ablation were most frequently associated with complications. Abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and esophageal stricture were the most common diagnoses: 9.0% required intravenous antibiotics, 36.63% underwent chest imaging, 27.27% abdominal imaging, and 0.75% required blood transfusion. Readmission following esophageal dilatation was most likely to result in prolonged admission.ConclusionIn the pediatric population undergoing therapeutic endoscopy in the ambulatory setting, significant postoperative complications resulting in unplanned admission are rare. Complications can be anticipated in medically frail patients especially with gastrointestinal chronic illness. Procedures involving variceal ablation and esophageal dilatation entail the highest risk.
Monetary Policy Transmission with Interbank Market Fragmentation
Authors: VARI MIKLOS 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper shows how interbank market fragmentation disrupts the transmission of monetary policy. Fragmentation is the fact that banks, depending on their country of location, have different probabilities of default on their interbank borrowings. Once fragmentation is introduced into standard theoretical models of monetary policy implementation, excess liquidity arises endogenously. This leads short‐term interest rates to depart from the central bank policy rates. Using data on monetary policy operations, I show that this mechanism has been at work in the euro area since 2008. The model is used to analyze conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures.
Early molecular biomarkers predicting the evolution of allergic rhinitis and its comorbidities: A longitudinal multicenter study of a patient cohort
Authors: Cipriani Francesca , Tripodi Salvatore , Panetta Valentina , Perna Serena , Potapova Ekaterina , Dondi Arianna , Bernardini Roberto , Caffarelli Carlo , Casani Antonella , Cervone Rosa , Chini Loredana , Comberiati Pasquale , De Castro Giovanna , Miraglia Del Giudice Michele , Dello Iacono Iride , Di Rienzo Businco Andrea , Gallucci Marcella , Giannetti Arianna , Mastrorilli Carla , Moschese Viviana , Pelosi Simone , Sfika Ifigenia , Varin Elena , Villella Valeria , Zicari Anna Maria , Brindisi Giulia , Ricci Giampaolo , Matricardi Paolo Maria ,   for the Italian Pediatric Allergy Network (I‐PAN)
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPollen‐related seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) is a very frequent pediatric disease in Westernized countries. Risk factors and disease phenotypes have been thoroughly examined in several cross‐sectional studies. By contrast, only a few studies have examined disease evolution in patient cohorts. We investigated predictive biomarkers of disease evolution in a large cohort of children with SAR.MethodsDuring 2015‐2017 (follow‐up), we re‐examined 401 patients from those enrolled in 2009‐2011 (baseline) by the “Panallergens in Pediatrics” study, a large multicenter survey of Italian children with SAR. Information on clinical history (standard questionnaire, AllergyCARD®; TPS, Italy) and skin prick tests for inhalant and foods extracts (ALK‐Abelló, Hørsholm, Denmark) was acquired as at baseline visit. Evolution in clinical and sensitization data of patients was analyzed over time, as well as their association with the main baseline characteristics and atopy risk factors.ResultsThe average age of participants was 10.4 ± 3.4 years at baseline and 16.2 ± 3.6 years at follow‐up. SAR persisted in 93.3% of patients at follow‐up and became more frequently associated with asthma (from 36.7% at baseline to 48.6% at follow‐up) and oral allergy syndrome (OAS, from 23.4% to 37.7%). Compared to baseline, the prevalence of skin sensitization to some pollens (Phleum pratense, Corylus avellana, Platanus acerifolia, Artemisia vulgaris) and vegetables (hazelnut, wheat, and apple) significantly decreased at follow‐up. Earlier onset of SAR and polysensitization at baseline were associated with incident asthma at follow‐up. The presence at baseline of serum IgE to the following allergen molecules was identified as biomarkers of clinical evolution: (a) Phl p 1, for persistence of SAR; (b) Phl p 5, for persistence of both rhinitis and asthma; (c) Pru p 3, for new onset of asthma; (d) Bet v 1, for persistence of OAS.ConclusionsSeasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is clinically heterogeneous in its evolution from childhood to adolescence. The detection of serum IgE to specific molecules (Phl p 1, Phl p 5, Bet v 1, Pru p 3) may be useful as biomarkers to predict SAR persistence and future onset of comorbidities, such as asthma and/or OAS.
Serious airway‐related adverse events with sevoflurane anesthesia via facemask for magnetic resonance imaging in 7129 pediatric patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Lei Huang , Chao Li , Miao Tan , Shen Ling Liu , Yan Ying Pu , Xiao Han Peng , Yun Bo Xu 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveThis retrospective study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of sevoflurane anesthesia by facemask for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning among pediatric patients in a high‐volume MRI department.MethodsThe medical records of 7129 pediatric patients (median age 12 months, range 4.0‐36.0 months) who were administered anesthesia during MRI scanning were reviewed. Anesthesia via 8% and 1.5%‐2% sevoflurane was used for induction and maintenance, respectively. All the patients were monitored by anesthetists in the postanesthesia care unit. Vital signs were recorded every 5 minutes. Airway‐related adverse events, sevoflurane induction time, MRI scanning time, and recovery time were recorded. Patients were discharged when no complications were found for 10‐15 minutes, with Aldrete's score ≥9.ResultsAfter sevoflurane anesthesia, there were 28 severe airway‐related adverse events (0.4%, 95% CI: 0.2%‐0.5%), and 12 patients had severe respiratory apnea (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.1%‐0.2%). The percentage of patients with respiratory apnea was significantly higher in preterm infants compared with term infants (2.4% cf. 0.5%, P = 0.012). Sixteen patients had severe airway obstruction (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.1%‐0.3%).ConclusionThe major severe airway‐related adverse events among pediatric patients associated with sevoflurane anesthesia were respiratory apnea and airway obstruction. The respiratory condition of preterm infants should be monitored carefully when under sevoflurane anesthesia. Overall, sevoflurane is safe and can be used efficiently for pediatric anesthesia in high‐volume MRI departments.
Home mechanical ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: What next after the HOT‐HMV trial?
Authors: Suh Eui‐Sik , Murphy Patrick B. , Hart Nicholas 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe benefits of acute non‐invasive ventilation to treat acidotic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well‐established. Until recently, the evidence for home mechanical ventilation (HMV) to treat patients with stable COPD had been lacking. This has subsequently been addressed by the application of higher levels of pressure support combined with targeted management of chronic respiratory failure, which demonstrated a reduction in all‐cause mortality. Similarly, the previous trial of home oxygen therapy (HOT) and HMV delivered following an acute exacerbation failed to demonstrate an improvement in outcome. With the focus on patients with persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure in the recovery phase following a life‐threatening exacerbation combined with targeted reduction in carbon dioxide, HOT and HMV (HOT‐HMV) was shown to be clinically effective in reducing the time to readmission or death and cost effective in both the United Kingdom and United States healthcare systems. Future work will need to focus on promoting adherence to home ventilation and novel auto‐titrating ventilator modes to facilitate and optimize the set‐up of overnight ventilatory support in different target population such as COPD patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and COPD patients with episodic nocturnal hypoventilation.
Wild adaptive trimming for robust estimation and cluster analysis
Authors: Cerioli Andrea , Farcomeni Alessio , Riani Marco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTrimming principles play an important role in robust statistics. However, their use for clustering typically requires some preliminary information about the contamination rate and the number of groups. We suggest a fresh approach to trimming that does not rely on this knowledge and that proves to be particularly suited for solving problems in robust cluster analysis. Our approach replaces the original K‐population (robust) estimation problem with K distinct one‐population steps, which take advantage of the good breakdown properties of trimmed estimators when the trimming level exceeds the usual bound of 0.5. In this setting, we prove that exact affine equivariance is lost on one hand but, on the other hand, an arbitrarily high breakdown point can be achieved by “anchoring” the robust estimator. We also support the use of adaptive trimming schemes, in order to infer the contamination rate from the data. A further bonus of our methodology is its ability to provide a reliable choice of the usually unknown number of groups.
Assessing Longitudinal Relationships among Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Eating Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Trujillo Alejandro , Forrest Lauren N. , Claypool Heather M. , Smith April R. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivePast work has documented a cross‐sectional relationship between eating disorders (ED) and suicidality, but few studies have examined the directionality of this relationship. Informed by the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide (IPTS), this study examines the bidirectional, longitudinal relationship between ED symptoms and two determinants of suicide ideation—thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB).MethodNinety‐two treatment‐seeking individuals with ED (94.5% White, 95.6% female) completed baseline (T1) measures of ED symptoms along with TB and PB. Of those, 75 (81.5%) completed a follow‐up assessment eight weeks later (T2).ResultsSeparate linear regression models revealed that T1 ED symptoms did not predict T2 TB (b = .03, p = .42) or T2 PB (b = −.01, p = .68). Similarly, T1 TB did not predict T2 ED symptoms (b = .25, p = .37). T1 PB did significantly predict T2 ED symptoms (b = 0.52, p = .04). Further, among participants with AN/sub‐AN, T1 TB and PB predicted T2 ED symptoms (p's ≤ .03).ConclusionOur results reveal the need for a nuanced understanding of the relationship between ED and suicidality. This study found that PB predicts greater ED symptoms and, among the AN/sub‐AN sample, TB does as well.
Risk of HPA‐1a–immunization in HPA‐1a–negative women after giving birth to an HPA‐1a–positive child
Authors: Kjeldsen‐Kragh Jens , Olsen Klaus Juel 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDFetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is the platelet counterpart of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Most severe cases of FNAIT are caused by antibodies against human platelet antigen‐1a (HPA‐1a). HPA‐1a–negative women giving birth to an HPA‐1a–positive child are at risk of becoming HPA‐1a–immunized, particularly women who are HLA‐DRB3*01:01–positive. The aim of the study was to estimate the risk of HPA‐1a–immunization in both HPA‐1a–negative/HLA‐DRB3*01:01–positive and HPA‐1a–negative/HLA‐DRB3*01:01–negative women after delivery of an HPA‐1a–positive child.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA literature search was conducted, which identified 10 prospective FNAIT studies. The risk of becoming HPA‐1a–immunized postpartum was calculated by Bayes' theorem. The results of HLA‐DRB3/4/5 typing of 212,472 European Caucasians from the National Marrow Donor Program were used as estimate of the frequency of the HLA‐DRB3*01:01 allele.RESULTSIn HPA‐1a–negative/HLA‐DRB3*01:01–positive women, the risk of HPA‐1a–immunization after delivery of an HPA‐1a–positive child was estimated to 12.7% (95% confidence interval, 8.6%–16.8%) as compared to 0.5% (95% confidence interval, 0.1%–0.9%) in women who were HPA‐1a–negative/HLA‐DRB3*01:01–negative. Potential differences between nulliparous and multiparous and the role of one versus two doses of HLA‐DRB3*01:01 could not be determined.CONCLUSIONIn HPA‐1a–negative/HLA‐DRB3*01:01–positive women, the risk of HPA‐1a–immunization is 12.7% after delivery of an HPA‐1a–positive child, which is 25 times higher than in HPA‐1a–negative/HLA‐DRB3*01:01–negative women. Thus, the risk of HPA‐1a–immunization in high‐risk pregnancies is in the same range as the risk of RhD immunization in RhD‐negative women after delivery of a RhD‐positive child without RhD prophylaxis.
Agglutination testing for human erythrocyte product in the rhesus macaque
Authors: Jackson Isabel L. , Vicente Elisabeth , Yazer Mark H. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTIONThere has been interest in using human blood products in nonhuman primate models of trauma to supplement human studies and to provide evidence to guide novel trauma resuscitation strategies. The compatibility of human RBCs has not been extensively studied in nonhuman primate species.METHODSWhole blood samples were collected from five healthy, nontransfused, not previously pregnant Chinese‐bred rhesus macaques. The whole blood was centrifuged, and the plasma was decanted from each sample. Group O‐negative human RBCs were mixed with the plasma from the rhesus macaque monkeys. Compatibility testing was performed by an immediate spin test and polyspecific and monospecific anti‐human globulin (AHG) tests in glass tubes.RESULTSImmediate spin testing revealed three out of five plasma samples (60%) from rhesus macaques caused at least 1+ agglutination with the human RBCs. Polyspecific anti‐human globulin (AHG) tests demonstrated that two of five plasma samples (40%) from rhesus macaques caused at least 1+ agglutination with the human RBC, while the monospecific AHG testing revealed that the incompatibility was caused by C3d, not IgG.CONCLUSIONHuman RBCs are not compatible with the plasma of some, but not all, Chinese‐bred rhesus macaques.
Distinct dampening effects of progesterone on the activity of nucleus tractus solitarii neurons in rat pups
Authors: Fournier Stéphanie , Boukari Ryma , Chamberland Simon , Bretzner Frédéric , Joseph Vincent , Kinkead Richard 
Published: February 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Progesterone is considered a respiratory stimulant drug, but its effect on medullary respiratory neurons are poorly documented. We investigated whether progesterone alters spontaneous activity of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS).

What is the main finding and its importance?
In NTS neurons, progesterone decreases the action potential firing frequency in response to current injections and the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents. Based on the established neuroprotective effect of progesterone against excitotoxicity resulting from insults, this inhibitory effect is likely to reflect inhibition of ion fluxes. These results are important because they further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the diversity of respiratory effects of progesterone.
AbstractProgesterone is known to stimulate breathing, but its actions on the respiratory control system have received limited attention. We addressed this issue at the cellular level by testing the hypothesis that progesterone augments excitatory currents at the level of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Medullary slices from juvenile male rats (14–17 days of age) containing the commissural region of the NTS (NTScom) were incubated with progesterone (1 μm) or vehicle (0.004% DMSO) for 60 min. We performed whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the NTScom and determined membrane properties by applying depolarizing current steps. In comparison to vehicle‐treated cells, progesterone exposure attenuates the firing frequency response to current injection and reduces the EPSC amplitude without modifying the EPSC frequency or the basal membrane properties. These data do not support our hypothesis, because they indicate that incubation with progesterone attenuates intrinsic action potential generation and inhibits excitatory synaptic inputs in the NTS. Given that these results are more in line with the protective effect of progesterone against excitotoxicity resulting from various insults, we propose that progesterone acts via inhibition of ionic flux.