bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation in suspended sediment transport: linking sediment sources and hydro‐meteorological drivers
Authors: Vercruysse Kim , Grabowski Robert C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSuspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) in rivers are variable in time due to interacting soil erosion and sediment transport processes. While many hydro‐meteorological variables are correlated to SSCs, interpretation of these correlations in terms of driving processes requires in‐depth knowledge of the catchment. Detailed sediment source information is needed to establish the causal linkages between driving processes and variations in SSC. This study innovatively combined sediment fingerprinting with multivariate statistical analyses of hydro‐meteorological data to investigate how differential contributions of sediment sources control SSC in response to hydro‐meteorological variables during high‐flow events in rivers. Applied to the River Aire (UK), five sediment sources were classified: grassland topsoil in three lithological areas (limestone, millstone grit and coal measures), eroding riverbanks, and street dust. A total of 159 suspended sediment samples were collected during 14 high‐flow events (2015–2017). Results show substantial variation in sediment sources during high‐flow events. Limestone grassland and street dust, the dominant contributors to the suspended sediment, show temporal variations consistent with variations in total SSC, and are correlated with precipitation and discharge shortly prior and during high‐flow events (i.e. fast mobilization to and within river). Contrarily, contributions from millstone and coals grassland appear to be driven by antecedent hydro‐meteorological conditions (i.e. lag‐time between soil erosion and sediment delivery). Riverbank material is poorly correlated to hydro‐meteorological variables, possibly due to weak source discrimination or the infrequent nature of its delivery to the channel. Differences in source‐specific drivers and process interactions for sediment transport demonstrate the difficulty in generalizing sediment transport patterns and developing targeted suspended sediment management strategies. While more research is essential to address different uncertainties emerging from the approach, the study demonstrates how empirical data on sediment monitoring, fingerprinting, and hydro‐meteorology can be combined and analysed to better understand sediment connectivity and the factors controlling SSC. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Sr–He–Ar isotopic and elemental evidence constraints on the ore genesis of the Zhaxikang Sb–Pb–Zn–Ag deposit in southern Tibet
Authors: Wang Da , Zheng Youye , Zhang Jianfang , Wu Song , Zhang Sukun , Yu Miao , Qu Feifei 
Published: June 2019

The genesis of Zhaxikang deposit is still debated, and three main geological environments have been proposed to model the mineralization: hot spring, magmatic hydrothermal fluid, and sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) overprinted by hydrothermal fluid. This study presents elemental and Sr–He–Ar isotopic data of minerals from different mineralization stages to support the genetic model of earlier submarine hydrothermal sedimentation (metasomatism) metallogenesis superimposed by a later magmatic‐hydrothermal fluid. The linear relations between 1/Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, Sr isotopic two‐component mixing model and elemental characteristics for Mn–Fe carbonate (87Sr/86Sr ratios: 0.713135–0.720277, Sr concentrations: 0.72–6.05 ppm) and calcite (87Sr/86Sr ratios: 0.707953–0.716116, Sr concentrations: 177–1,194 ppm) imply that the first episode of mineralization relates to a seafloor hydrothermal fluid and the second episode of mineralization is associated with a magmatic hydrothermal fluid. Furthermore, noticeable different He–Ar isotopic characteristics of the two episodes of mineralization (the first episode: 40Ar/4He: 0.06–0.27, 40Ar/36Ar: 288.9–1483.4, 38Ar/36Ar: 0.16–0.22, 3He/4He: 0.04–0.08Ra; the second episode: 40Ar/4He: 0.23–211.76, 40Ar/36Ar: 831.5–10047, 38Ar/36Ar: 0.17–0.25, 3He/4He: 0.04–1.31Ra) indicate that both these two episodes of ore‐forming fluids are mainly crustal‐derived with a more possibly magmatic hydrothermal origin for the second episode. Overall, the elemental and Sr–He–Ar isotopic data demonstrate the existence of two episodes of mineralization in which the initial submarine hydrothermal sedimentation (metasomatism) metallogenesis was overprinted by a later magmatic hydrothermal fluid.
An intelligent system for gastrointestinal polyp detection in endoscopic video using fusion of bidimensional empirical mode decomposition and convolutional neural network features
Authors: Mostafiz Rafid , Hasan Mosaddik , Hossain Imran , Rahman Mohammad M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an intelligent system for gastrointestinal polyp detection in endoscopic video. Video endoscopy is a popular diagnostic modality in assessing the gastrointestinal polyps. But the accuracy of diagnosis mostly depends on doctors' experience that is crucial to detect polyps in many cases. Computer‐aided polyp detection is promising to reduce the miss detection rate of polyp and thus improve the accuracy of diagnosis results. The proposed method illustrates an automatic system based on a new color feature extraction scheme as a support for gastrointestinal polyp detection. The scheme is the combination of color empirical mode decomposition features and convolutional neural network features extracted from video frames. The features are fed into a linear support vector machine to train the classifier. Experiments on standard public databases show that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous conventional methods, gaining accuracy of 99.53%, sensitivity of 99.91%, and specificity of 99.15%.
Characterization of ageing resistant transparent nanocrystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia implants
Authors: Davoodzadeh Nami , Cano‐Velázquez Mildred S. , Halaney David L. , Sabzeghabae Ariana , Uahengo Gottlieb , Garay Javier E. , Aguilar Guillermo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe “Window to the Brain” is a transparent cranial implant under development, based on nanocrystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia (nc‐YSZ) transparent ceramic material. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of this material to facilitate brain imaging over time, but the long‐term stability of the material over decades in the body is unknown. In this study, the low‐temperature degradation (LTD) of nc‐YSZ of 3, 6, and 8 mol % yttria is compared before and after accelerated ageing treatments following ISO standards for assessing the ageing resistance of zirconia ceramics. After 100 hr of accelerated ageing (equivalent to many decades of ageing in the body), the samples do not show any signs of phase transformation to monoclinic by X‐ray diffraction and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the mechanical hardness of the samples did not decrease, and changes in optical transmittance from 500 to 1000 nm due to ageing treatments was minimal (below 3% for all samples), and unlikely to be due to phase transformation of surface crystals to monoclinic. These results indicate the nc‐YSZ has excellent ageing resistance and can withstand long‐term implantation conditions without exhibiting LTD.
Membrane‐filtration based plasma exchanges for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: Audit of efficacy and safety
Authors: Khandelwal Priyanka , Thomas Christy C. , Rathi Bhim Singh , Hari Pankaj , Tiwari Anand N. , Sinha Aditi , Bagga Arvind 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile complement blockade with eculizumab is recommended as first‐line therapy of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), plasma exchanges (PEX) remain the chief option for anti‐factor H (FH) antibody associated disease and when access to eculizumab is limited.MethodsWe reviewed adverse events (AEs) and adverse outcomes (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or death), in all patients with aHUS managed with membrane‐filtration based PEX at one tertiary care center over 5.5 years.ResultsDuring January 2013 to June 2018, 109 patients with aHUS (74 with antibodies to FH), aged median (range) 7.6 (0.5‐18) year weighing 22.1 (6‐90) kg, underwent 2024 sessions of PEX. AE, in 12.1% patients, were usually self‐limiting and included chills (5.5%), vomiting/abdominal pain (3.3%), hypotension (1.6%), urticaria (1.5%), seizures (0.2%), hypocalcemia (0.2%), and hemorrhage (0.1%); plasma hypersensitivity and severe reactions were rare. Rate of catheter‐related infections was 1.45/1000 catheter‐days. Filter reuse (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.26‐2.26; P < .001) and >20 sessions of PEX/patient (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.27‐3.10; P = .002) were independently associated with adverse events; infusion of IV calcium gluconate during PEX was protective (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.16‐0.43; P < .001). Hematological remission was achieved in 96.3% patients after 6 (5‐8) PEX sessions; 80.8% and 89.6% patients were dialysis independent by one and 3 months, respectively.ConclusionsPEX is safe and associated with satisfactory short‐term outcomes in children with aHUS. Prolonged PEX and filter‐reuse are associated with complications.
Overexpression of lncRNA WWTR1‐AS1 associates with tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable survival in head‐neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Jin , Li Zhongwu , Wu Yaping , Diao Pengfei , Zhang Wei , Wang Yanling , Yang Jianrong , Cheng Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human cancer including head‐neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of a novel lncRNA WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 antisense RNA 1 (WWTR1‐AS1) as well as its clinical significance and biological roles in HNSCC. The expression level of endogenous WWTR1‐AS1 in primary HNSCC and paired adjacent nontumor mucosa was evaluated by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. The correlations were assessed between WWTR1‐AS1 expression and clinical data such as clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Further, the molecular mechanisms of WWTR1‐AS1 underlying HNSCC progression were detected by loss‐of‐function assay in vitro and bioinformatics analysis. Aberrant overexpression of WWTR1‐AS1 in HNSCC samples showed a significant correlation between its higher expression levels and larger tumor size, cervical node metastasis, and poor prognosis. WWTR1‐AS1 knockdown mediated by antisense oligonucleotide markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorsphere formation as well as apoptosis resistance probably by modulating WWTR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) stability in HNSCC cells. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that WWTR1‐AS1 expression positively correlated with WWTR1 expression in TCGA‐HNSCC data sets. Together, our data provide evidence that aberrant upregulation of WWTR1‐AS1 associates with malignant features and unfavorable prognosis in HNSCC, highlighting that WWTR1‐AS1 might be a potential oncogenic lncRNA during HNSCC progression.
lncRNA NEAT1 facilitates melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via regulating miR‐495‐3p and E2F3
Authors: Xia Ying , Zhou Yu , Han Han , Li Peng , Wei Wei , Lin Nengxing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMelanoma contributes a lot to skin cancer‐related deaths. lncRNAs are implicated in various diseases, including melanoma. lncRNA NEAT1 is frequently dysregulated and can play important roles in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, little has been studied about the function of NEAT1 in melanoma progression. In our present research, we displayed NEAT1 was overexpressed in melanoma cells. A series of functional assays showed that overexpression of NEAT1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells. By contrast, NEAT1 knockdown obviously restrained melanoma cell progression. Mechanistically, it was revealed that NEAT1 could directly bind with miR‐495‐3p, which led to a negative effect on miR‐495‐3p levels. In addition, miR‐495‐3p was significantly decreased in melanoma cells. Furthermore, E2F3 was postulated as the target of miR‐495‐3p and overexpression of this miR could suppress the levels of E2F3. Meanwhile, it was exhibited that melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by E2F3 silence was abrogated by miR‐495‐3p. Moreover, an in vivo xenograft nude mice model was established using A375 cells and it was indicated that NEAT1 promoted melanoma progression in vivo via regulating the miR‐495‐3p/E2F3 axis. In conclusion, we suggest that NEAT1 exerts an oncogenic effect on melanoma development via inhibition of miR‐495‐3p and induction of E2F3. NEAT1 might serve as a crucial prognostic biomarker of melanoma.
The formation of dead zones in nonisothermal porous catalyst with temperature‐dependent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Andreev Vsevolod V. , Skrzypacz Piotr , Golman Boris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper considers the formation of dead zones in the porous catalyst pellets due to the chemical reaction and diffusion. We established and investigated the model with nonisothermal reaction of fractional order and activated temperature‐dependent diffusivity. The effects of process parameters, catalyst shape, and reaction and diffusion parameters on the formation of the dead zone are studied numerically and characterized by the critical Thiele modulus. The lower bounds for the critical Thiele modulus are derived analytically in terms of process parameters for exothermic and endothermic reactions and verified numerically. The critical Thiele modulus increases with increasing Arrhenius number for diffusion and decreasing Arrhenius number for reaction in the case of exothermic reactions, whereas the opposite trends hold for the endothermic reactions. The critical Thiele modulus also increases with increasing fractional reaction order as well as with decreasing energy generation function, and increasing Biot numbers for heat and mass transfer. Moreover, the critical Thiele modulus is the highest for spherical pellets and the lowest for pellets with planar shape.
Identifying High‐Attenuating and Low‐Attenuating Muscle Using Computerized Tomography and Exploring Its Impact on Physical Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Patel Jayshil J. , Baruah Dhiraj , Sobush Dennis , Koester Katie , Aase Jacob , Zellner Stephanie , Graf Jeanette , Durand Matthew J. , Szabo Aniko , Shahir Kaushik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) methods to estimate sarcopenia in obesity do not differentiate high‐attenuating from low‐attenuating muscle. The primary purpose of this study was to determine agreement between a CT method using general workstation‐derived total and high‐attenuating psoas muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) and a commercially available segmentation software–derived value. Secondary purpose was to explore the relationship between quantity of high‐attenuating muscle to physical functioning in a pilot cohort of obese medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational cross‐sectional study. CT images of obese MICU patients were reconstructed to calculate total psoas muscle, low‐attenuating muscle, and high‐attenuating muscle within the third lumbar psoas CSA using a CT method and commercial software. We performed blinded outcome measures of CSA, physical function, and muscle strength in 28 patients.ResultsConcordance correlation coefficient for identifying total psoas muscle was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.93‐0.98, P‐value < 0.0001) between CT method and commercial software. There was moderate correlation between modified Medical Research Council muscle strength scores and high‐attenuating psoas muscle CSA (r = 0.47, P = 0.01) and lower extremity strength and high‐attenuating psoas muscle CSA (r = 0.40, P = 0.04).ConclusionThere was strong agreement between our CT method and a commercial software method to identify total psoas muscle CSA in obesity. Greater total high‐attenuating psoas CSA moderately correlated with muscle strength. Additional studies using more objective markers of muscle strength validating these findings are needed.
Evidence‐based criteria for palaeopathological recognition: New methodology suggests that the rotator cuff condition will be amenable to reliable identification in the archeologic record
Authors: Rothschild Bruce M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurpose/research questionPitting or new bone formation on or around tendon insertions, marginal osteophytes, eburnation, cystic changes, and altered contours have been utilized by some palaeopathologists for recognition of the rotator cuff condition, with the purpose of this paper to evaluate the reliability for diagnosis (sensitivity and specificity) of these criteria as documented in the clinical literature.Materials and methodsThe spectrum of medical literature is examined without time limitation, utilizing the phrase “rotator cuff” to assess criteria utilized for diagnosis of a rotator cuff conditions, the reliability of those criteria, and the relationship to symptoms and limitations/disability.ResultsNone of the skeletal features previously referred to by palaeopathologists have reliable indicators for recognition and may simply be age‐related phenomena. New methodology is described, offering the opportunity for confident diagnosis.ConclusionsThere have been no validated evidence‐based criteria applicable for recognizing rotator cuff conditions in skeletons, in the absence of soft tissue structures. Greater tuberosity osteopenia has been noted but not yet evaluated for specificity. Rotator cuff conditions may actually be unrelated to lifestyle but may simply represent the accumulation/culmination of lifetime stresses (aging). The ratio of acromial lateral extension and height provides greater opportunity for confident diagnosis.Given the disconnection between presence or extent of pathology and clinical symptoms and limitations/disability, identification of any of the components utilized in previous consideration of rotator cuff disease diagnosis does not permit extrapolation to confidently hypothesize lifestyle or occupation.Contribution to knowledge/originality/valueDocuments a methodology for confident diagnosis of rotator cuff disease and the challenge of confident attribution of skeletal conditions and clinical/lifestyle implicationsLimitations of this studyEvidence, rather than conjecture/consensus‐based.Suggestions for further researchPopulation survey utilizing ratio of acromial length extension and height.
Conjugates of Cryptophycin and RGD or isoDGR Peptidomimetics for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Borbély Adina , Figueras Eduard , Martins Ana , Bodero Lizeth , Raposo Moreira Dias André , López Rivas Paula , Pina Arianna , Arosio Daniela , Gallinari Paola , Frese Marcel , Steinkühler Christian , Gennari Cesare , Piarulli Umberto , Sewald Norbert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRGD‐cryptophycin and isoDGR‐cryptophycin conjugates were synthetized by combining peptidomimetic integrin ligands and cryptophycin, a highly potent tubulin‐binding antimitotic agent across lysosomally cleavable Val‐Ala or uncleavable linkers. The conjugates were able to effectively inhibit binding of biotinylated vitronectin to integrin αvβ3, showing a binding affinity in the same range as that of the free ligands. The antiproliferative activity of the novel conjugates was evaluated on human melanoma cells M21 and M21‐L with different expression levels of integrin αvβ3, showing nanomolar potency of all four compounds against both cell lines. Conjugates containing uncleavable linker show reduced activity compared to the corresponding cleavable conjugates, indicating efficient intracellular drug release in the case of cryptophycin‐based SMDCs. However, no significant correlation between the in vitro biological activity of the conjugates and the integrin αvβ3 expression level was observed, which is presumably due to a non‐integrin‐mediated uptake. This reveals the complexity of effective and selective αvβ3 integrin‐mediated drug delivery.
Paleoproteomics of Mesozoic Dinosaurs and Other Mesozoic Fossils
Authors: Schweitzer Mary Higby , Schroeter Elena R. , Cleland Timothy P. , Zheng Wenxia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMolecular studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of evolutionary processes that act upon virtually every aspect of living organisms. However, these studies are limited with regard to extinct organisms, particularly those from the Mesozoic because fossils pose unique challenges to molecular workflows, and because prevailing wisdom suggests no endogenous molecular components can persist into deep time. Here, the power and potential of a molecular approach to Mesozoic fossils is discussed. Molecular methods that have been applied to Mesozoic fossils—including iconic, non‐avian dinosaurs— and the challenges inherent in such analyses, are compared and evaluated. Taphonomic processes resulting in the transition of living organisms from the biosphere into the fossil record are reviewed, and the possible effects of taphonomic alteration on downstream analyses that can be problematic for very old material (e.g., molecular modifications, limitations of on comparative databases) are addressed. Molecular studies applied to ancient remains are placed in historical context, and past and current studies are evaluated with respect to producing phylogenetically and/or evolutionarily significant data. Finally, some criteria for assessing the presence of endogenous biomolecules in very ancient fossil remains are suggested as a starting framework for such studies.
Cell Uptake of Lipid‐Coated Diamond
Authors: Morita Aryan , Martinez Felipe P. Perona , Chipaux Mayeul , Jamot Nicolas , Hemelaar Simon R. , van der Laan Kiran J. , Schirhagl Romana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) can be used as nanoscale magnetic resonance sensors and stable optical labels. As a first step for using FNDs as nanosensors inside cells, they have to be ingested. Several techniques that improve particle uptake have been used. A simple approach based on commercially available liposomes is used to improve uptake. Uptake into colon cancer cells (HT‐29 cells) is demonstrated. Additionally, it is shown for the first time that one can facilitate diamond uptake into yeast cells by removing the cell wall and creating a so‐called spheroplast. Finally, the characteristics of FNDs coated with lipids and their behavior inside the cells are evaluated.
Experimental study on whether and how particle size affects the flame propagation and explosibility of oil shale dust
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Meng Xiangbao , Ma Xuesong , Xiao Qin , Liu Bo , Zhang Gongyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFlame propagation tests and explosibility tests were conducted on three different particle sizes of dust samples with a vertical glass tube and a 20 L spherical explosibility test apparatus. The explosibility was examined using Pmax, [dp/dt]max, and tb. Proximate analysis and SEM analysis were performed on the oil shale dust samples before and after explosion. The results indicate that, within a given limit of particle size, the smaller the particle size, the greater the flame propagation velocity and explosibility of oil shale dust; beyond this limit, oxygen content and particle agglomeration will both make a difference, eventually weakened the combustion reaction. The extent to which particle size affects explosibility also varies as a function of concentration, and the optimum concentration of dust was found to vary with mass median particle size. The process of the oil shale dust explosion is mainly the volatile matter combustion reaction. Particle size affects oil shale dust explosion primarily as a result of the different pyrolysis rate and amount of volatile matter.