bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chaîne de l’eau du réseau public dans quelques quartiers précaires du sixième arrondissement de Cotonou-Bénin
Authors: Hounsounou Espérance Olive , Agassounon Djikpo Tchibozo Micheline , Ayi-Fanou Lucie , Agbossou Euloge 
Published: March 2018

La population des quartiers précaires de Cotonou aspire à l’eau potable de la Société Nationale des Eaux du Bénin (SONEB) à domicile ; mais les ressources nécessaires n’étant souvent pas disponibles pour y répondre, les opérations de collecte, de transport et de stockage de cette eau se multiplient dans les ménages. L’objectif de l’article est de mettre en évidence les risques de contamination de cette eau le long de la chaîne d’approvisionnement. Une enquête domiciliaire a été faite dans 190 concessions (2 ménages par concession) sur les conditions de collecte, de transport et de stockage de l’eau dans les quartiers précaires du sixième arrondissement de Cotonou. La méthode d’entretien direct suivie des observations a été faite. Les résultats montrent que 91,6 % des enquêtés pratiquent le stockage de l’eau du réseau public ; 82,6 % a recours aux abonnés-revendeurs privés ou aux points publics de vente (kiosque à eau). L’eau est prise au robinet ou à partir des barils sans couverture. À propos des mesures de protection, 68,9 % des récipients de transport sont non couverts alors qu’au niveau des ménages, 89,5 % est couvert durant le stockage. Les sceaux plastiques (70,0 %) et les bassines (2,1 %) sont plus entretenus que les bidons (20,5 %) et les jarres (1,6 %). S’agissant des conditions d’usage, la durée de stockage varie de un jour à sept jours, et les gobelets de consommation sont exposés à toute contamination extérieure. In fine, ces diverses manipulations de l’eau constituent autant de potentiels facteurs de sa contamination et des maladies hydriques.
Corpus de référentiels d’aide à la décision pour la résilience de la production vivrière aux risques climatiques dans la région Maritime au Togo
Authors: Sanou Komi , Badolo Mathieu 
Published: March 2018

La résilience des secteurs économiques face aux risques et mutations climatiques constitue un enjeu majeur de développement en Afrique de l’Ouest. Une information scientifique robuste est essentielle pour formuler et mettre en œuvre des stratégies de résilience efficientes et performantes. Pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest, et singulièrement pour le secteur agricole, rendre disponible une telle information est l’un des défis scientifiques majeurs dans l’élaboration des stratégies de résilience. Au Togo, l’agriculture est l’un des secteurs économiques particulièrement concernés par les questions d’amélioration de la résilience face aux risques climatiques et de catastrophes. À défaut, le développement de ce secteur pourrait être lourdement handicapé par les changements climatiques qui vont altérer les régimes des précipitations et accroître la fréquence et l’intensité des événements climatiques extrêmes. Cet article propose un corpus de référentiels d’aide à la décision pour une amélioration de la gouvernance et des processus de résilience du secteur vivrier dans la région Maritime du Togo. Les référentiels reportés se fondent sur le modèle « ClimProspect » qui est basé sur la méthode du jugement d’expert et couplé avec l’approche participative. Cette dernière a consisté en une collecte de données qualitative au moyen de groupes de villageois. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier des référentiels d’impacts, de vulnérabilités (V1, V2, V3 et V4), de suivi de la vulnérabilité et des chemins de résilience, capables de promouvoir, des espaces de concertation des acteurs intervenant dans la production agricole pour définir et mettre en œuvre des chemins innovants de résilience de ce secteur de développement.
Quelle place pour les données issues des sciences humaines et sociales dans le développement de services climatiques régionaux ?
Authors: Gauquelin Chloë , Lutoff Céline , La Branche Stéphane 
Published: March 2018

La notion de service climatique, en voie d’émergence dans la recherche sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) et les politiques publiques, renvoie à un ensemble de services visant à venir en aide à la décision en matière d’atténuation et d’adaptation aux changements climatiques. Pour alimenter ces services et les adapter à un territoire spécifique, il est nécessaire de disposer de données régionales provenant à la fois des sciences naturelles et des sciences sociales. Cet article s’interroge sur la production et la gestion de données SHS dans une optique d’intégration dans ces services. Les SHS peuvent produire des données « climato-dépendantes » sur les perceptions de l’aléa climatique, sur les impacts, la vulnérabilité et les actions d’adaptation et d’atténuation, replaçant la question climatique dans son contexte socio-économique. Cet article présente les résultats issus d’une recension de littérature et de 47 entretiens semi-directifs avec des scientifiques en France.
Modeling reactive ammonia uptake by secondary organic aerosol in CMAQ: application to the continental US
Authors: Zhu Shupeng , Horne Jeremy R. , Montoya-Aguilera Julia , Hinks Mallory L. , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , Dabdub Donald 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate constitute an
important fraction of the total fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass.
While the conversion of inorganic gases into particulate-phase sulfate,
nitrate, and ammonium is now well understood, there is considerable
uncertainty over interactions between gas-phase ammonia and secondary organic
aerosols (SOAs). Observations have confirmed that ammonia can react with
carbonyl compounds in SOA, forming nitrogen-containing organic
compounds (NOCs). This chemistry consumes gas-phase NH3 and may
therefore affect the amount of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate in
particulate matter (PM) as well as particle acidity. In order to investigate
the importance of such reactions, a first-order loss rate for ammonia onto
SOA was implemented into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model
based on the ammonia uptake coefficients reported in the literature.
Simulations over the continental US were performed for the winter and summer
of 2011 with a range of uptake coefficients (10−3–10−5).
Simulation results indicate that a significant reduction in gas-phase ammonia
may be possible due to its uptake onto SOA; domain-averaged ammonia
concentrations decrease by 31.3 % in the winter and 67.0 % in the summer
with the highest uptake coefficient (10−3). As a result, the
concentration of particulate matter is also significantly affected, with a
distinct spatial pattern over different seasons. PM concentrations decreased
during the winter, largely due to the reduction in ammonium nitrate
concentrations. On the other hand, PM concentrations increased during the
summer due to increased biogenic SOA (BIOSOA) production resulting from
enhanced acid-catalyzed uptake of isoprene-derived epoxides. Since ammonia
emissions are expected to increase in the future, it is important to include
NH3 + SOA chemistry in air quality models.
Thermodynamics of saline and fresh water mixing in estuaries
Authors: Zhang Zhilin , Savenije Hubert H. G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The mixing of saline and fresh water is a process of energy dissipation. The
freshwater flow that enters an estuary from the river contains potential
energy with respect to the saline ocean water. This potential energy is able
to perform work. Looking from the ocean to the river, there is a gradual
transition from saline to fresh water and an associated rise in the water
level in accordance with the increase in potential energy. Alluvial estuaries
are systems that are free to adjust dissipation processes to the energy
sources that drive them, primarily the kinetic energy of the tide and the
potential energy of the river flow and to a minor extent the energy in wind
and waves. Mixing is the process that dissipates the potential energy of the
fresh water. The maximum power (MP) concept assumes that this dissipation
takes place at maximum power, whereby the different mixing mechanisms of the
estuary jointly perform the work. In this paper, the power is maximized with
respect to the dispersion coefficient that reflects the combined mixing
processes. The resulting equation is an additional differential equation that
can be solved in combination with the advection–dispersion equation,
requiring only two boundary conditions for the salinity and the dispersion.
The new equation has been confronted with 52 salinity distributions observed
in 23 estuaries in different parts of the world and performs very well.
Patterns and comparisons of human-induced changes in river flood impacts in cities
Authors: Clark Stephanie , Sharma Ashish , Sisson Scott A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this study, information extracted from the first global urban fluvial flood risk data set (Aqueduct) is investigated and visualized to explore current and projected city-level flood impacts driven by urbanization and climate change. We use a novel adaption of the self-organizing map (SOM) method, an artificial neural network proficient at clustering, pattern extraction, and visualization of large, multi-dimensional data sets. Prevalent patterns of current relationships and anticipated changes over time in the nonlinearly-related environmental and social variables are presented, relating urban river flood impacts to socioeconomic development and changing hydrologic conditions. Comparisons are provided between 98 individual cities. Output visualizations compare baseline and changing trends of city-specific exposures of population and property to river flooding, revealing relationships between the cities based on their relative map placements. Cities experiencing high (or low) baseline flood impacts on population and/or property that are expected to improve (or worsen), as a result of anticipated climate change and development, are identified and compared. This paper condenses and conveys large amounts of information through visual communication to accelerate the understanding of relationships between local urban conditions and global processes.
ACTIVATION ENERGIES OF THERMO-OXIDIZED NITRILE RUBBER COMPOUNDS OF VARYING ACRYLONITRILE CONTENT
Authors: Pazur Richard J. , Mengistu T. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The thermo-oxidative behavior of carbon black–reinforced sulfur-cured nitrile rubber compounds with varying acrylonitrile (ACN) content (18–49 wt%) was investigated. Accelerated heat aging was carried out from 40 °C to 115 °C for various aging times. Ambient aging was also included. Samples were tested for hardness, 10% tensile stress, tensile strength, elongation at break, network chain density by equilibrium solvent swell, and toluene-soluble fraction. Diffusion-limited oxidation affected data at high temperatures and was eliminated for time-temperature superposition. Linear Arrhenius kinetic behavior was confirmed throughout the whole temperature range, and calculated activation energies varied from 75 to 93 kJ/mol. Activation energies calculated through the hardness data were found to increase steadily with ACN concentration, whereas the other test responses showed less direct correlation, likely because of the influence of the underlying NBR microstructure, which changes as a function of ACN content. The high-temperature thermo-oxidative process consists of both oxidative crosslinking and chain scission reactions. Sulfur reversion and alkyl radical recombination reactions are likely prevalent at low temperatures during the buildup of hydroperoxides up to 60 °C. The shelf life of nitrile rubbers strongly depends on their ACN level, with lower ACN nitriles being more susceptible to degradation, leading to shorter shelf lives, than higher ACN-containing nitriles.
Analyzing the Listening Activities That Match the Listening Specific Outcomes in the Jordanian Guidelines for the Pupil's Book of Action Pack 5
Authors: Taamneh Issam Mostafa 
Published: March 2018

The present paper aims at analyzing the listening activities of the Pupil's Book in Action Pack 5 to determine to what extent the first six units of in the Pupil's Book of action Pack 5 include listening activities. Moreover, it tries to investigate to what extent the first six units in the listening activities match the Listening Specific Outcomes in the Jordanian Guidelines. To answer the question of the present study, frequencies and percentages are used. The findings of the analysis revealed that the listening lessons in the pupil's book of Action Pack 5 have a considerable in presenting the listening activities that activate and promote the internalization of learned material via active participation. Moreover, the study showed that there is a strong match between the listening specific outcomes and the listening activities' authenticity in Action Pack 5. In addition, the study revealed the importance of conversation and pair work in developing students' oral communication.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS ON THE STORAGE OF Cedrela fissilis VELLOZO SEEDS
Authors: Flores Andressa Vasconcelos , Ataíde Glauciana Da Mata , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima , Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Pereira Márcio Dias 
Published: March 2018

In order to ensure the ex-situ conservation of a species, knowing the behavior of the seed during storage is necessary, as it is influenced by several factors inherent to the seed and by characteristics of the environment, such as temperature and relative humidity. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical alterations on Cedrela fissilis (pink cedar) seeds during storage under different environmental conditions. Seeds were stored at 20ºC in desiccators containing salts that established the relative humidity of 34%, 55%, 75%, and 93%. Analysis were performed on fresh seeds (without storage - time zero), which were used as control, and every two months through a period of eight months of storage. At each assessment, the following aspects were quantified: water content; lipid peroxidation; and the activities of catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Germination and electrical conductivity tests were analysed. Seed vigor decreased on humidity at 20 °C. It correlated mainly with decrease of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and increase of lipid peroxidation.Keywords: Pink cedar; germination; vigor; enzymes, lipids. ResumoAlterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas durante o armazenamento de sementes de Cedrela fissilis Vellozo. Para garantir a conservação ex-situ de uma espécie, é necessário conhecer o comportamento das sementes durante o armazenamento, visto que este é influenciado por vários fatores inerentes à semente e às características do ambiente, tais como temperatura e umidade relativa. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas em sementes de Cedrela fissilis (cedro rosa) durante o armazenamento sob diferentes condições ambientais. As sementes foram armazenadas a 20ºC em dessecadores contendo sais que estabeleceram as umidades relativas do ar de 34%, 55%, 75% e 93%. As análises foram realizadas em sementes frescas (sem armazenamento - tempo zero), usadas como controle, e a cada dois meses durante um período de oito meses de armazenamento. Em cada avaliação, foram quantificados: teor de água; peroxidação de lípidos; e as atividades das enzimas catalase e glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase. Também, foi analisada a germinação e condutividade elétrica das sementes. O vigor das sementes diminuiu em todas as umidades a 20 °C, correlacionando-se, principalmente, com a diminuição na atividade de glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase e com o aumento na peroxidação lipídica.Palavras-chave: Cedro rosa; germinação; vigor; enzimas, lipídios.
Seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of copepod in the southwestern Baltic Sea in 2010 and 2011
Authors: Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia , Lemieszek Anna , Griniene Evelina , Kalarus Marcin 
Published: March 2018

Background. Copepods are the major secondary producers in the World Ocean. They represent an important link between phytoplankton, microzooplankton and higher trophic levels such as fish. They are an important source of food for many fish species, but also a significant producer of detritus. In terms of their role in the marine food web, it is important to know how the environmental variability affects the population of Copepoda.
Methods. The study of the zooplankton community in the south-western Baltic Sea conducted during a 24-month survey (January 2010 to November 2011) resulted in 24 invertebrate species identified (10copepods, 7cladocerans, 4rotifers, 1ctenophore, Fritillaria borealis and Hyperia galba). Data were collected at two stations located on the open-sea deep-water station – the Gdańsk Deep (54o50’φN, 19o19’λE) and in the western, inner part of the Gulf of Gdańsk (54o32’ φN, 18o48.2 ’λE). Vertical hauls were carried out using two nets: a Copenhagen net with an inlet diameter of 50 cm and a mesh diameter of 100 µm (in 2010) and WP-2 net from KC Denmark with an inlet diameter of 57 cm and a mesh diameter of 100 µm (in 2011).
Results. The paper describes seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of Copepoda, taking into account the main Baltic calanoid copepod taxa (Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.). They usually represented the main component of zooplankton. The average number of Copepoda at station P1 during the study period of 2010 was 3913 ind.m-3 (SD 2572) and their number ranged from 1184 ind. m-3 (in winter) to 6293 ind.m-3 (in spring). One year later, the average count of copepods was higher, i.e. 11 723 ind. m-3 (SD 6980) and ranged from 2351 ind. m-3 (in winter) to 18 307 ind.m-3 (in summer). Their average count at station P2 in 2010 was 29 141 ind. m-3 ranging from 3330 ind.m-3 (in March) to 67 789 ind. m-3 (in May). The average count of copepods in 2011 was much lower – 17 883 ind./m3 and ranged from 1360 ind./m3 (in April) to 39 559 ind./m3 (in May).
Discussion. The environment of pelagic animals changes with the distance from the shore and with the sea depth. Although the qualitative structure of zooplankton is almost identical with that of the coastal waters, the quantitative structure changes quite significantly. The maximum values of zooplankton abundance and biomass were observed in the summer season, both in the Gdańsk Deep and the inner part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. Copepoda dominated in the composition of zooplankton for almost the entire duration of the research.. Quantitative taxonomic composition of Copepoda at station P1 (the Gdańsk Deep) was different compared to station P2 (the western, inner part of the Gulf of Gdańsk) due to a high percentage of a crustacean preferring waters with lower temperature and higher salinity – Pseudocalanus sp.
Juridical perspectives of interruption of pregnancy with zika virus infection regarding medical, emotional and social consequences
Authors: Prata Ana Rita Souza , Pedroso Daniela , Menezes Greice , Drezett Jefferson , Torres José Henrique Rodrigues , Bonfim José Ruben De Alcântara , Adesse Leila , Braga Maria Elisa Dos Santos , Kulcsar Monica , Corcioli Filho Roberto Luiz , Gollop Thomaz Rafael , Pestana Yasmin Oliveira Mercadante 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The Zika virus was identified in 1947 in Rhesus monkeys in the Republic of Uganda and isolated in humans in 1952 in the same country. Up to 2007 there were few cases of human infection in African and Asian countries. The first outbreak of the Zika virus occurred in Brazil in 2015, becoming a serious public health problem due to the increase in the number of cases of microcephaly in infected pregnant women. Objective: To describe the legal abortion at Zika virus infection during pregnancy regarding medical, emotional and social consequences. perspectives of abortion for the pregnant woman with Zika virus regarding the medical, emotional and social consequences. Methods: This is a documentary study based on documents about abortion and its outcomes in Brazil. Technical norms, textbooks, indexed articles of Scopus and PubMed, documents extracted from international human rights treaties and conventions, and legal documents on the subject were used. It was decided to direct the text based on the experiences of each theme on abortion and its outcomes in Brazil, with a synthesis of the current scenario. Results: Recognizing the exceptional nature of this situation, it is sought to confer an interpretation according to the Constitution and Article 128 of the Criminal Code, based on an analogical application, which seeks to protect the physical and mental health of women infected by the Zika virus. It is possible to qualify the practice of abortion in these circumstances as atypical conduct by the state of necessity, excluding the unlawfulness by comparing with articles 23, I and 24 of the Penal Code. Conclusion: Authorizing the termination of pregnancy after diagnosis of the virus Zika guarantees women the free exercise of their reproductive rights, which is not confused with state imposition of abortion or eugenic practice.
Portuguese translation and Brazilian cultural adaptation of the Assessment of Burden in Chronic Venous Disease questionnaire (ABC-V)
Authors: Almeida Rafael Cunha de , Zachêu Paulo Roberto Zamfolini , Diniz Mariana Terra , Dias Maria Carolina Cozzi Pires de Oliveira , Guiguer Isabella Cherkezian , Almeida Ricardo Cunha de , Corrêa João Antonio 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The Assessment of Burden in Chronic Venous Disease questionnaire (ABC-V) is a valuable tool for assessing the impact that chronic venous disease (CVD) has on patients’ quality of life (QL). There was a need for a translated and adapted version suitable for use in the Brazilian population. CVD is becoming a public health issue as the incidence and prevalence are high. The ABC-V can be used to collect information on patients’ QL and thus the development of a Brazilian version that facilitates research into the CVD population. Objective: To provide translation and cultural validation of the Assessment of Burden in Chronic-Venous Disease (ABC-V) questionnaire for the Portuguese language. Methods: The ABC-V was translated into Portuguese by two bilingual translators working independently. The translators then created a consensus version, which was translated back into English by two native English speakers. Finally all the versions were analysed by a committee of with expertise in translation and the two cultures involved. The committee produced a draft Portuguese-language version which was tested in a pilot sample of between 30 and 40 people. The committee evaluated feedback from the pilot sample on the clarity and comprehensibility of the draft version. Results: The draft version was completed by 31 patients at the Chronic Venous Diseases Department of Padre Anchieta’s Teaching Hospital. With the analysis of the questionnaires used in the pre-test, it is possible to observe that in English, unlike Portuguese, verbs are often used in the passive tense. It also emerged that there was a need to use more colloquial terms and expressions so that the question would be easier to understand, whilst preserving the meaning of the original items. Changing the tone of the questionnaire in this way should make it more suitable for use with people from a wide range of socioeconomic levels, especially those with lower social status and less education. Because the questions are qualitative rather than quantitative they are more open to interpretation and elicit more subjective responses. This creates an additional difficulty in adapting the questionnaire for the Brazilian cultural context. The data from pilot-testing of the draft version was used to develop a translated and culturally adapted version of the ABC-V using the procedure described by Beaton et al. Conclusion: A translated and culturally adapted version of the ABC-V suitable for use in Brazil has been developed and can be used to evaluate changes in the QL of Brazilian patients with CVD.