bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the factors influencing youth’s perception of ethical tourism? The major role of internet and social media
Authors: McDonald Jeanette , Guechtouli Manel 
Published: August 2019

Le tourisme éthique est aujourd’hui présenté comme une solution durable pouvant soutenir l’économie dans les différents pays dépendants de cette industrie. Le but de cet article est de pouvoir comprendre la perception des jeunes voyageurs français concernant le tourisme éthique en examinant les différents facteurs pouvant l’influencer. Notre recherche propose une démarche qualitative permettant une analyse des données en profondeur. Nos résultats montrent que la construction de l’image d’une destination est particulièrement influencée par les différentes sources d’information sur lesquelles les jeunes se basent afin de construire leurs propres images de cette destination. Notre étude identifie ainsi plusieurs sources d’information possibles, classées par ordre d’importance : 1. internet et les média sociaux, 2. les médias, 3. l’environnement macroéconomique, 4. Le bouche-à-oreille. Notre article cherche à enrichir d’une part le corpus théorique autour du management stratégique de l’image d’une destination touristique et d’autre part, à proposer un soutien lors du design et de l’implémentation de programmes marketing encourageant le tourisme éthique.
Avantages et limites de la stratégie de spécialisation dans les PME de service : cas de GPS Sécurité au Congo Brazzaville
Authors: Mouloumba Moukango Prince Valnis Kester 
Published: August 2019

L’environnement de l’entreprise est caractérisé par l’instabilité, la complexité et la crise permanentes. Ce qui implique, d’une part, que les managers s’adaptent pour conserver leur leadership, par les outils de gestion et la culture du changement et d’autre part, que le management stratégique est une plate-forme vers laquelle converge le développement des entreprises. Il permet, d’abord, de cerner les dysfonctionnements et les atouts des entreprises afin d’expliquer leurs comportements passés et d’orienter leurs actions futures dans le cadre des plans stratégiques de développement. Ensuite, il donne la possibilité de situer l’homme au centre du développement, de stimuler sa capacité de production dans le dessein de lui permettre de s’imprégner des enjeux de flexibilité et de réactivité auxquels sont soumises toutes les entreprises. Enfin, il donne le pouvoir de considérer les intérêts des acteurs économiques, de les intégrer et de les canaliser de sorte à libérer toutes les énergies humaines, seules sources de richesse et de créativité. Cette recherche vise à analyser la stratégie de spécialisation au sein des petites et moyennes entreprises de gardiennage au Congo Brazzaville. Pour être concis, ce travail tente de cerner les avantages et les limites de la spécialisation et propose des orientations stratégiques à la société GPS sécurité. S’appuyant sur le processus de management stratégique, cette étude essaie de répondre à une série de questions : quel processus est-il mis en œuvre dans l’élaboration de la spécialisation au sein de GPS sécurité ? Comment sont appliquées les orientations stratégiques de la spécialisation dans la société GPS sécurité ? Quelles sont les retombées de la spécialisation au sein de GPS sécurité en période de crise ? Ainsi, est réalisé un diagnostic de la société GPS sécurité, est menée une étude documentaire, sont effectués des entretiens permettant de déceler les avantages et les limites de la spécialisation au sein d’une PME, et sont proposés des orientations stratégiques capables de soutenir le positionnement d’une société en période de crise économique.
Innovation et expérimentation dans les territoires sensibles : des apports à la dimension interculturelle et environnementale en Colombie, à partir de la perspective de dialogue des savoirs
Authors: Parra Carrasquilla Adriana , Villalba Mireya , Jessup Cáceres Margie Nohemy 
Published: August 2019

Il est important de produire des pédagogies expérimentales pour les territoires sensibles. Afin de réussir avec ces propos, les chercheurs et la communauté éducative doivent fondamentalement travailler ensemble pour transformer l’école. Nous considérons que la recherche-action coopérative est un excellent canal pour produire des changements, car le chercheur peut être capable de comprendre les difficultés et les potentiels qui existent dans le terrain de la recherche. En même temps, les chercheurs peuvent recevoir un accompagnement dès l’écoute jusqu’à la transformation de leurs pratiques pédagogiques. La recherche que nous aborderons par la suite nous permet de donner un sens aux politiques publiques éducatives dans deux dimensions : l’interculturelle et l’environnementale. Le but étant de donner de la pertinence à la notion « dialogue de savoirs ». De cette manière, nous créons un lien entre la pédagogie et la didactique qui va aider à une éducation environnementale dès une perspective sostenibl e en Colombie.
Innovar y experimentar en territorios sensibles: aportes a la dimensión intercultural y ambiental en Colombia, desde una perspectiva de diálogo de saberes
Authors: Parra Carrasquilla Adriana , Villalba Mireya , Jessup Cáceres Margie Nohemy 
Published: August 2019

Il est important de produire des pédagogies expérimentales pour les territoires sensibles. Afin de réussir avec ces propos, les chercheurs et la communauté éducative doivent fondamentalement travailler ensemble pour transformer l’école. Nous considérons que la recherche-action coopérative est un excellent canal pour produire des changements, car le chercheur peut être capable de comprendre les difficultés et les potentiels qui existent dans le terrain de la recherche. En même temps, les chercheurs peuvent recevoir un accompagnement dès l’écoute jusqu’à la transformation de leurs pratiques pédagogiques. La recherche que nous aborderons par la suite nous permet de donner un sens aux politiques publiques éducatives dans deux dimensions : l’interculturelle et l’environnementale. Le but étant de donner de la pertinence à la notion « dialogue de savoirs ». De cette manière, nous créons un lien entre la pédagogie et la didactique qui va aider à une éducation environnementale dès une perspective sostenibl e en Colombie.
L'école comme outil de transformation sociale : de la domination vers une pédagogie pour la libération et la participation démocratique
Authors: Olivares Sepúlveda Carlos 
Published: August 2019

L’école chilienne a limité sa possibilité transformatrice à cause de l’imposition du « pouvoir-savoir » de la part de l’idéologie dominante, c’est-à-dire ceux qui ont la connaissance et ce qui s’impose comme étant la vérité. Un contrôle est exercé sur les corps dociles au moyen de l’institution éducative, en reproduisant des valeurs et des normes au moyen d’un programme scolaire construit sur la politique du pouvoir du système actuel. L’école qui joue un rôle de socialisation se transforme en l’une des premières institutions bureaucratiques. Elle développe nos vies et laisse des conséquences, d’abord, chez les enseignants à cause du travail routinier qui les éloigne du travail libérateur et critique auquel aspirerait tout projet éducatif scolaire, ensuite chez les jeunes qui terminent par reproduire des attitudes peu critiques dans leurs trajectoires scolaires et par extension dans leurs vies futures. Freire, comme Giroux, projette des alternatives pour éveiller les consciences des oppressés et avec cette conscience, la libération, à travers de la pédagogie critique et du dialogue interculturel, en favorisant une vie démocratique et diverse, où nous serions les protagonistes de notre propre histoire.
La escuela como transformadora social: de la dominación hacia una pedagogía para la liberación y la participación democrática
Authors: Olivares Sepúlveda Carlos 
Published: August 2019

L’école chilienne a limité sa possibilité transformatrice à cause de l’imposition du « pouvoir-savoir » de la part de l’idéologie dominante, c’est-à-dire ceux qui ont la connaissance et ce qui s’impose comme étant la vérité. Un contrôle est exercé sur les corps dociles au moyen de l’institution éducative, en reproduisant des valeurs et des normes au moyen d’un programme scolaire construit sur la politique du pouvoir du système actuel. L’école qui joue un rôle de socialisation se transforme en l’une des premières institutions bureaucratiques. Elle développe nos vies et laisse des conséquences, d’abord, chez les enseignants à cause du travail routinier qui les éloigne du travail libérateur et critique auquel aspirerait tout projet éducatif scolaire, ensuite chez les jeunes qui terminent par reproduire des attitudes peu critiques dans leurs trajectoires scolaires et par extension dans leurs vies futures. Freire, comme Giroux, projette des alternatives pour éveiller les consciences des oppressés et avec cette conscience, la libération, à travers de la pédagogie critique et du dialogue interculturel, en favorisant une vie démocratique et diverse, où nous serions les protagonistes de notre propre histoire.
An investigation into the language and generalization abilities in the brain-injured and non brain-injured mentally retarded child
Authors: Oken Ilana 
Published: August 2019

Five brain-injured children were compared with five non brain-injured children on the ITPA and a Generalization Test devised by the writer. These children were aged between 7 and 11 years, and their IQ scores were between 65 and 80. All the children were in special classes in government schools in Johannesburg, and were free of auditory, visual and physical disabilities. The results of this investigation were presented and discussed in terms of whether any difference in language ability of the subjects in this study was present, so as to see whether there was a "typical" profile for each diagnostic group. It was concluded that there are different types of peaks in the profiles of the two groups, and that both groups have poor generalization ability. A close inter-relationship between language and generalization abilities was considered to exist.
'n Elektromiografiese analise van die lipfunksies van die gesplete lip-geval
Authors: Uys Wilma 
Published: August 2019

'n Elektromiografiese analise van die lipfunksies van 'n groep gesplete lipgevalle, is vergelyk met die van 'n groep sonder so 'n strukturele afwyking.Die toetsmateriaal het basiese bewegings van die lippe wat onderliggend is aan die bemeestering van labiale en labiodentale artikulasie, asook die uitvoering van sodanige artikulatoriese bewegings, beslaan.Nadat syferwaardes aan die kwalitatiewe evaluasie (volgens die skaal van Basmajian) geheg is, kon rekenkundige gemiddeldes verkry word. Hieruit blyk dit dat die eksperimentele groep minder spierspanning vertoon in die uitvoering van lipfunksies as die kontrole groep. Omdat daar geen grense vir normaliteit bestaan nie, kan die mate van spanning egter nie as afwykend beskou word nie. Leidrade vir terapie kan uit die analise verkry word en ook 'n moontlike maatstaf vir objektiewe beoordeling van die geslaagdheid van die operasietegnieke.
Language development of the cleft palate child
Authors: Horn Loretta 
Published: August 2019

The ITPA was used in an assessment of the psycholinguistic abilities of three cleft palate children and three matched normal children, of ages ranging from 48 months to 66 months. The data obtained revealed that the cleft palate children manifested a general depression in those areas sampled by the ITPA, in particular in areas testing expressive abilities.A transformational analysis of the language samples of the cleft palate children showed the relative immaturity of the syntactic structures used by these children.In spite of the limitations of this study, there was a clear indication of a language retardation in the cleft palate group. Several factors present in the early development of cleft palate children could adversely affect the acquisition of language skills. The implications of these findings for speech therapy are important.
Enhancing Surveillance - Interconnectedness and Clusters
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper and the companion background paperpresent a simple conceptual framework to better understand cross-border trade and financial interconnectedness. Countries are grouped together into “clusters” on the basis of having relatively tight trade and financial connections (e.g., Asian supply chain). Clusters are connected to one another through “gatekeepers” (e.g., Austria is a gatekeeper to the Central and Eastern Europe, and Sweden to the Baltics), and countries that are central to the whole network are in the “core” (the systemic-5). By mapping this architecture of cross-border trade and financial interconnectedness, the papers provide—at a glance—an easy way to comprehend the direct and indirect linkages of countries. The papers suggest that gatekeepers in particular can play a role in dampening or amplifying and propagating shocks, and this role depends on the economic context and policy space.
Reasons for Leaving School and Alcohol Use Among Out of School Youth in South Africa
Authors: Desai Rachana , Mercken Liesbeth , Ruiter Rob , Schepers Jan , Reddy Priscilla 
Published: August 2019

After students drop out of school, their alcohol use may vary according to the reason for dropping out. In this paper, out of school youth (OSY) are those between 13–20 years old, have not completed their schooling, and have not enrolled in secondary or high school for the current academic year. OSY are at heightened risk of alcohol use. This study examined the relationship between reasons for leaving school and alcohol use, taking into account gender differences. Survey data from 4222 OSY (mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.9; males = 59.4%) were analysed using ordinal regression. Leaving school for “not having enough money to pay for school fees” was associated with more alcohol consumption, among females living specifically in rural areas of Gauteng. However, in urban areas of Kwazulu Natal and Mpumalanga, females who left school for the same reason as their rural counterparts were less likely to consume alcohol in the past month. Males were more likely to consume higher levels of alcohol if they reported leaving school due to making someone pregnant, but only when they resided in peri-urban areas. Understanding the relationship between reasons for leaving school and alcohol use may give us insight into the profile of school dropouts at risk for alcohol use. This information is useful for intervention development across the school, home and community.
Congenital hypothyroidism: a five-year retrospective study at Children's University Hospital, Damascus, Syria
Authors: Saoud Mariam , Al-Fahoum Sahar , Kabalan Younes 
Published: August 2019

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a treatable thyroid hormone deficiency that causes severe mental retardation and growth deficiency if not detected and treated early. The treatment of CH is simple, inexpensive, and effective. With early detection and treatment, infants usually develop normally without mental retardation and become productive members of society. In Syria, a screening program is not available, and there is no published information about the actual incidence of CH. However, an unpublished pilot study supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency showed that the incidence of CH in Syria is more than the global incidence, indicating the importance of the application of a CH screening program in Syria. Objectives: The present study aimed to collect baseline information about CH in Syria to estimate the potential need of a screening program. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was performed at Children's University Hospital, Damascus. The study included the medical records of patients who had CH as the final diagnosis between 2008 and 2012. Some patients were diagnosed elsewhere and were then admitted to the hospital within the same period. Results: In this study, 70 cases registered as CH, 67 of them had confirmed, 40 (57.1 %) were male and 30 (42.9%) were female. Among the patients, (51.4%, n = 36) involved parental consanguinity and 6 had a family history of hypothyroidism. Additionally, 74.3% were not diagnosed during the first month of life. The signs and symptoms most commonly detected were cretinoid face (60%), pallor (44.3%), delayed neuropsychomotor development (37.1%), growth failure (36.7%), jaundice (35.7%), and hypotonia (35.7%). Conclusion: A CH screening program is necessary in Syria owing to the low specificity of the signs and symptoms of CH, which can lead to delayed diagnosis, and the presence of asymptomatic cases (subclinical hypothyroidism).
Practical Application of Lineage-Specific Immunohistochemistry Markers: Transcription Factors (Sometimes) Behaving Badly
Authors: Kei Si , Adeyi Oyedele A. 
Published: August 2019

Context.—Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that regulate gene expression and control RNA transcription from DNA. Lineage-specific TFs have increasingly been used by pathologists to determine tumor lineage, especially in the setting of metastatic tumors of unknown primary, among other uses. With experience gathered from its daily application and increasing pitfalls reported from immunohistochemical studies, these often-touted highly specific TFs are not as reliable as once thought.Objectives.—To summarize the established roles of many of the commonly used TFs in clinical practice and to discuss known and potential sources for error (eg, false-positivity from cross-reactivity, aberrant, and overlap “lineage-specific” expression) in their application and interpretation.Data Sources.—Literature review and the authors' personal practice experience were used. Several examples selected from the University Health Network (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) are illustrated.Conclusions.—The application of TF diagnostic immunohistochemistry has enabled pathologists to better assess the lineage/origin of primary and metastatic tumors. However, the awareness of potential pitfalls is essential to avoid misdiagnosis.
Genetic structure of two sympatric gudgeon fishes (Xenophysogobio boulengeriandX. nudicorpa) in the upper reaches of Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Dong Weiwei , Wang Dengqiang , Tian Huiwu , Pu Yan , Yu Lixiong , Duan Xinbin , Liu Shaoping , Chen Daqing 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundXenophysogobio boulengeriandX. nudicorpaare the only two species within the genusXenophysogobio(Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes), and both are endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years, due to human activities, the natural resources available to both species have declined sharply. Sympatric species with overlapping niches inevitably compete for their habitats, and genetic structure and diversity can reflect population history and their potential for adaptation to changing environments, which is useful for management decisions.MethodsIn the present study, microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers were used to investigate the patterns of population genetic structure forX. boulengeriandX. nudicorpa. Microsatellite DNA data, jointly with traditional summary statistics includingFSTandFis, were used to assess the population genetic structure by structure analysis. The mtDNA sequences were then used to examine these patterns through time to detect demographic history.ResultsXenophysogobio boulengeriandX. nudicorpaexhibited high levels of genetic diversity in Yangtze River populations, except for two populations ofX. nudicorpain the Jinsha River, which were low in mtDNA diversity.X. boulengerishowed genetic homogeneity among populations, whereasX. nudicorpaappeared to have significant geographic genetic divergence. Both species experienced a late-Pleistocene sudden population expansion in Yangtze River populations, but not in the Jinsha River populations ofX. nudicorpa.DiscussionThe genetic homogeneity ofX. boulengeripopulations might result from similar population expansion events and environment features. The geographic genetic subdivision forX. nudicorpabetween the Jinsha and Yangtze Rivers might be caused by the geographic isolation in the middle Pliocene, as well as climate and environmental heterogeneity.
Effect of Fermentation on Antinutritional Factors and Functional Properties of Fermented Bambara Nut Flour
Authors: Ola O. I. , Opaleye S. O. 
Published: August 2019

Bambara nut (Vigna subterrenean) is a cheap source of leguminous protein that can be a good substitute for relatively expensive animal protein to reduce malnutrition. Despite its potentials, it remains underutilized owing in part to long cooking time, presence of antinutritional factors and drudgery in dehulling. In this regard, this study determined effects of fermentation on antinutritional and functional properties of bambara nut flour.
Bambara nut was procured from local market in Abeokuta while pure culture of Rhizopus oligosporous was obtained at the Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology. Bambara nut was fermented for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72h at 32ºC and dried in oven (55ºC/24 h). The antinutritional (tannin, oxalate, phytate, and trypsin inhibitor) and functional properties (water-absorption-capacity, solubility and swelling power) of the composite flour were determined. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics and significance established at P=.05.
Respective range of values for tannin, oxalate, phytate and trypsin inhibitor were 0.08 - 0.32, 0.72 - 1.49, 0.15 - 3.64 and 0.42 - 3.25 mg/g, respectively. Water absorption capacity, solubility and swelling power ranged from 8.67 - 11.04, 52.59 - 53.07, 9.20 - 10.16 and 9.14 9.16%, respectively. The fermentation process reduced the antinutritional factors and increased the protein content.
Gender, Educational Qualification and Ethnicity Differences in Personal Financial Management Practices among Generation Y in Malaysia
Authors: Ansar Rudy , Ansar Rudy , Abd Karim Mohd Rahimie , Osman Zaiton , Fahmi Muhamad Shameer 
Published: August 2019

This paper examines gender, educational qualification, and ethnicity differences in personal financial management practices among Generation Y in Malaysia. The issue of this study concerns the number of young generation identified as Generation Y, who has been declared bankruptcy keep on increasing year-to-year. Therefore, this study focuses on Generation Y, who was born from 1981 to 2001 and included respondents from all the states of Malaysia. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS 25.0) was used to analyse a total of 119 valid questionnaires collected using the Chi-Square test. The findings displayed that only ethnicity differences in personal financial management practices among Generation Y in Malaysia were found. The results of the study can be used as guidelines by the Malaysian government agencies and policymakers. They can also enhance their knowledge regarding financial needs and education to improve peoples’ personal financial management practices as well as being an alternative in finding the solution to control the bankruptcy problem among members of Generation Y in Malaysia.