bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute blindness as a presenting sign of left atrial myxoma in a pediatric patient
Authors: Yi Seo Yeon , Han Min Jeong , Kong Young Hwa , Joo Chan Uhng , Kim Sun Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) due to cardiac myxoma primarily occurs in elderly individuals. Early detection and surgical resection of myxoma are extremely important because CRAO causes complete blindness in most cases. However, due to the extremely low incidence of CRAO caused by cardiac myxoma in the pediatric age group, such condition is rarely reported.

Patient concerns:
A 16-year-old female patient visited our hospital due to sudden onset of vision loss in the left eye, dysarthria, and right-sided hemiplegia.

Diagnoses:
She was diagnosed with CRAO via fundoscopy. Results showed a cherry-red spot, indicating CRAO. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multifocal diffusion-restricted foci, particularly in the left frontal lobe. Echocardiography revealed a left atrial mass measuring 4.21 cm × 2.25 cm. The mass was attached to the interseptum and moved along the inflow of the mitral valve. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) revealed an enhanced mass measuring 3 cm × 2.2 cm × 3 cm and with irregular margin on the anterior wall of the left atrium and the border of the fossa ovalis.

Interventions:
The patient underwent surgical excision under general anesthesia. Intraoperative finding showed a huge, jelly-like, and extremely friable mass. Pathological examination confirmed myxoma.

Outcomes:
During a follow-up of 2 years after diagnosis, she did not present with other neurological deficits and no residual mass was observed on echocardiography. However, visual impairment of the left eye persisted.

Lessons:
Most patients with CRAO may present with other mild symptoms that are often be neglected before CRAO development. We recommend that patients who present with frequent syncopal attack or symptoms of transient ischemic attack should undergo echocardiography.
Identification of gene and microRNA changes in response to smoking in human airway epithelium by bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Huang Jizhen , Jiang Wanli , Tong Xiang , Zhang Li , Zhang Yuan , Fan Hong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Smoking is a substantial risk factor for many respiratory diseases. This study aimed to identify the gene and microRNA changes related to smoking in human airway epithelium by bioinformatics analysis.
From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the mRNA datasets GSE11906, GSE22047, GSE63127, and microRNA dataset GSE14634 were downloaded, and were analyzed using GEO2R. Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was enforced using DAVID. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs)- DEGs network were executed by Cytoscape.
In total, 107 DEGs and 10 DEMs were determined. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs principally enriched in oxidation-reduction process, extracellular space and oxidoreductase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway demonstrated that DEGs were principally enriched in metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and chemical carcinogenesis. The PPI network revealed 15 hub genes, including NQO1, CYP1B1, AKR1C1, CYP1A1, AKR1C3, CEACAM5, MUCL1, B3GNT6, MUC5AC, MUC12, PTGER4, CALCA, CBR1, TXNRD1, and CBR3. Cluster analysis showed that these hub genes were associated with adenocarcinoma in situ, squamous cell carcinoma, cell differentiation, inflammatory response, oxidative DNA damage, oxidative stress response and tumor necrosis factor. Hsa-miR-627-5p might have the most target genes, including ITLN1, TIMP3, PPP4R4, SLC1A2, NOVA1, RNFT2, CLDN10, TMCC3, EPHA7, SRPX2, PPP1R16B, GRM1, HS3ST3A1, SFRP2, SLC7A11, and KLHDC8A.
We identified several molecular changes induced by smoking in human airway epithelium. This study may provide some candidate genes and microRNAs for assessing the risk of lung diseases caused by smoking.
Weight status in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Xie Xue-Ni , Li Yong-Jiang , Lei Xue , Li Ya-Min 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
Weight status and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are rising public health concerns. An increasing number of reports indicate that individuals with ASD may have unhealthy weight status, but the evidence is mixed. To understand the weight status in individuals with ASD and provide strategies for prevention and intervention, we describe the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight in ASD.

Methods:
A broad range of key bibliographic databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane, and ISI Web of Science will be searched to identify studies reporting the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight in patients with ASD. Retrieved records will be independently screened by 2 authors and relevant estimates will be extracted from studies reporting data on obesity, overweight, and underweight prevalence among individuals with ASD. The assessment of study quality will be conducted primarily using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and checklist proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Prevalence estimates of obesity and overweight will be separately pooled using random-effects model. The pooled estimates will be summarized and presented by regional groupings. Subgroup analysis will be conducted for variables (such as study setting, participants’ age, and geographical region) across studies, depending on data availability. Between-study heterogeneity will be assessed using the I
2 statistic and explored through subgroup analyses. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses checklist and the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology statements guidelines for meta-analysis and systematic reviews of observational studies.

Results:
In this study, we will outline details of the aims and methods on the meta-analysis of weight status of individuals with ASD.

Conclusion:
The results of this study will summarize the current data of weight status of individuals with ASD.

Registration:
PROSPERO-National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42019130790).
Nurse-Reported Bullying and Documented Adverse Patient Events
Authors: Arnetz Judith E. , Neufcourt Leo , Sudan Sukhesh , Arnetz Bengt B. , Maiti Tapabrata , Viens Frederi 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Negative nurse work environments have been associated with nurse bullying and poor nurse health. However, few studies have examined the influence of nurse bullying on actual patient outcomes.

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to examine the association between nurse-reported bullying and documented nursing-sensitive patient outcomes.

Methods:
Nurses (n = 432) in a large US hospital responded to a survey on workplace bullying. Unit-level data for 5 adverse patient events and nurse staffing were acquired from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. Generalized linear models were used to examine the association between bullying and adverse patient events. A Bayesian regression analysis was used to confirm the findings.

Results:
After controlling for nurse staffing and qualification, nurse-reported bullying was significantly associated with the incidence of central-line-associated bloodstream infections (P < .001).

Conclusions:
Interventions to address bullying, a malleable aspect of the nurse practice environment, may help to reduce adverse patient events.
Recent Penile Sexual Contact Is Associated With an Increased Odds of High-Risk Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection in Transgender Men
Authors: Deutsch Madeline B. , Reisner Sari L. , Peitzmeier Sarah , Potter Jennifer , Pardee Dana , Hughto Jaclyn M.W. 
Published: October 2019

Background
Transgender men (TM) have a male, masculine, or nonfemale gender identity, yet were assigned female sex at birth on the basis of their external genitalia. The majority of TM are at risk of infection with one of several high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (hr-HPV), acquired primarily through sexual contact, that cause 99.7% of cervical cancers. This study aimed to explore the association between sexual behaviors and current cervical hr-HPV infection in TM with a cervix.

Methods
The primary aim of this analysis was to test for an association between participant self-report of sexual contact with a penis in the past 1 year and current infection with cervical hr-HPV as measured by provider-collected cervical HPV DNA assay. This is a secondary analysis of a bio-behavioral sexual health study conducted at a health center in Boston, MA from 2015 to 2016. Analysis was conducted using logistic regression with significance level set at P less than 0.05; the primary analysis was adjusted for self-reported age, current tobacco use, years of testosterone use, and HPV vaccination status.

Results
Overall prevalence of hr-HPV was 15.9%. In adjusted analyses, participants reporting receptive penile vaginal sex with any of their most recent 3 sexual partners in the past 12 months had more than 5 times greater odds of current hr-HPV infection than those reporting no penile sex of any kind during this timeframe (odds ratio, 5.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–17.02).

Conclusions
Vaginal-receptive penile sex in the last 12 months was associated with a 5-fold increased odds of cervical high-risk HPV infection among TM. Findings can inform future population level study of associations between sexual behaviors and hr-HPV risk, which could lead to more individualized approaches to screening.
Implementation of pharmacist consultations as part of a multidisciplinary consultation program for patients with oral anticancer agent
Authors: Streicher Caroline , Daulange Annick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
In this study we describe the implementation in a hospital setting of pharmacist consultations, by oncology pharmacists, as part of a multidisciplinary consultation program (MCP) established for patients before they start a new oral anticancer treatment.

Methods:
Pharmacist consultations consisted of 3 steps in the MCP. (1) The first one was the preparation of the medication assessment with the realization of an accurate patient medication list. (2) The second step was the pharmacist consultation with the patient. The oncology pharmacist assessed the ability of the patient to self-manage their therapy at home and gave information about the new drug. To prevent potential drug, herbs, and food interactions, individual medication plans were also performed. (3) Finally, the oncology pharmacist completed and sent the multidisciplinary report to the community pharmacists with a satisfaction survey.

Results:
Ninety patients, enrolled in the MCP, received pharmacist consultations. Oncology pharmacists reported that 24% (n = 22) of the patients were not able to take their medicine by themselves and that information for the home caregiver was needed. The realization of the best possible medication history highlighted drug interactions in 36% (n = 32) of patients and required, for 4 patients, discontinuation of 1 drug of their regular medicines. With the information delivered by oncology pharmacists, 83% of the community pharmacists contacted were able to better advise the patient at the time of the oral anticancer agent dispensing.

Conclusions:
The implementation of the MCP with pharmacist consultations allowed us to better support patients who start new oral anticancer treatment and shows us how crucial the expertise of oncology pharmacists is. They contribute to limit drug-related problems especially by identifying drug, herbs, and food interactions but also by identifying the patients unable to self-manage their therapy at home. The collaboration established with the community pharmacists allowed us to improve patient management by sharing information and knowledge.
Central thalamus modulates consciousness by controlling layer-specific cortical interactions
Authors: Redinbaugh Michelle J. , Phillips Jessica M. , Kambi Niranjan A. , Mohanta Sounak , Andryk Samantha , Dooley Gaven L. , Afrasiabi Mohsen , Raz Aeyal , Saalmann Yuri B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConsciousness is the capacity to experience one’s environment and internal states. The minimal mechanisms sufficient to produce this experience, the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), are thought to involve thalamocortical and intracortical interactions, but the key operations and circuit paths are unclear. We simultaneously recorded neural activity in central thalamus and across layers of fronto-parietal cortex in awake, sleeping and anesthetized macaques. Spiking activity was selectively reduced in deep cortical layers and thalamus during unconsciousness, as were intracolumnar and interareal interactions at alpha and gamma frequencies. Gamma-frequency stimulation, when focused on the central lateral thalamus of anesthetized macaques, counteracted these neural changes and restored consciousness. These findings suggest that the NCC involve both corticocortical feedforward and feedback pathways coordinated with intracolumnar and thalamocortical loops.SummaryStimulation of central lateral thalamus counters anesthesia to restore wake cortical dynamics and consciousness.
Apical restriction of the planar cell polarity component VANGL in pancreatic ducts is required to maintain epithelial integrity
Authors: Flasse Lydie , Yennek Siham , Cortijo Cédric , Barandiaran Irene Seijo , Kraus Marine R-C , Grapin-Botton Anne 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCell polarity is essential for the architecture and function of numerous epithelial tissues. Here we show how planar cell polarity (PCP), so far studied principally in flat epithelia, is deployed during the morphogenesis of a tubular organ. Using the mammalian pancreas as a model, we report that components of the core PCP pathway such as the transmembrane protein Van Gogh-like (VANGL), are progressively apically-restricted. VANGL expression becomes asymmetrically localized at the apical surface of ductal cells, revealing a planar polarization of the pancreatic duct. We further show that restricting VANGL to these discrete sites of expression is crucial for epithelial integrity. Expansion of expression on basolateral membranes of the progenitors leads to their death and extrusion from the epithelium, as previously observed for perturbations of apico-basal polarity. Using organoids andin vivoanalyses, we show that cell elimination is induced by a decrease of Rock activityviaDishevelled.
Selective Ablation of Cancer Cells with Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound
Authors: Mittelstein David R. , Ye Jian , Schibber Erika F. , Roychoudhury Ankita , Martinez Leyre Troyas , Fekrazad M. Houman , Ortiz Michael , Lee Peter P. , Shapiro Mikhail G. , Gharib Morteza 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTUltrasound can be focused into deep tissues with millimeter precision to perform non-invasive ablative therapy for diseases such as cancer. In most cases, this ablation uses high intensity ultrasound to deposit non-selective thermal or mechanical energy at the ultrasound focus, damaging both healthy bystander tissue and cancer cells. Here we describe an alternative low intensity pulsed ultrasound approach that leverages the distinct mechanical properties of neoplastic cells to achieve inherent cancer selectivity. We show that when applied at a specific frequency and pulse duration, focused ultrasound selectively disrupts a panel of breast, colon, and leukemia cancer cell models in suspension without significantly damaging healthy immune or red blood cells. Mechanistic experiments reveal that the formation of acoustic standing waves and the emergence of cell-seeded cavitation lead to cytoskeletal disruption, expression of apoptotic markers, and cell death. The inherent selectivity of this low intensity pulsed ultrasound approach offers a potentially safer and thus more broadly applicable alternative to non-selective high intensity ultrasound ablation.
Rapid ordering of barcoded transposon insertion libraries of anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Shiver Anthony L. , Culver Rebecca , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Huang Kerwyn Casey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCommensal bacteria from the human intestinal microbiota play important roles in health and disease. Research into the mechanisms by which these bacteria exert their effects is hampered by the complexity of the microbiota and by the strict growth requirements of the individual species. The assembly of ordered transposon insertion libraries, in which nearly all nonessential genes have been disrupted and the strains stored as independent monocultures, would be a transformative resource for research into many microbiota members. However, assembly of these libraries must be fast and inexpensive in order to empower investigation of the large number of species that typically compose gut communities. The methods used to generate ordered libraries must also be adapted to the anaerobic growth requirements of most intestinal bacteria. We have developed a protocol to assemble ordered libraries of transposon insertion mutants that is fast, cheap, and effective for even strict anaerobes. The protocol differs from currently available methods by making use of cell sorting to order the library and barcoded transposons to facilitate the localization of ordered mutations in the library. By tracking transposon insertions using barcode sequencing, our approach increases the accuracy and reduces the time and effort required to locate mutants in the library. Ordered libraries can be sorted and characterized over the course of two weeks using this approach. We expect this protocol will lower the barrier to generating comprehensive, ordered mutant libraries for many species in the human microbiota, allowing for new investigations into genotype-phenotype relationships within this important microbial ecosystem.
The role of genomic vs. epigenomic variation in shaping patterns of convergent transcriptomic variation across continents in a young species complex
Authors: Rougeux Clément , Laporte Martin , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTRepeated adaptive divergence in replicates of phenotypic diversification offers a propitious context to identify the molecular bases associated to adaptive divergence. A currently hotly debated topic pertains to the relative role of genomic vs. epigenomic variation in shaping patterns of phenotypic variation at the gene expression level. Here, we combined genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic information from 64 individuals in order to quantify the relative role of SNPs and DNA methylation variation in the repeated evolution of four limnetic-benthic whitefish species pairs from Europe and North America. We first found evidence for 149 convergent differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between species across continents, which significantly influenced levels of gene expression. Hyper-methylated DMRs in the limnetic species were globally associated to an expression repression relatively to benthic species, and inversely. Furthermore, we identified 108 convergent genetic variants (eQTLs) associated to gene expression differences between species. Gene expression differences were more pronounced in genes harbouring eQTL compared to those associated with DMRs, thus revealing a greater effect of eQTLs on gene expression. Multivariate analyses allowed partitioning the relative contribution of epi-/genomic changes and their association to gene expression variation. Most of the gene expression variation was significantly explained by genomic (4.1%) and putatively genomic-epigenomic interactive variation (46.7%), while “pure” epigenomic variation explained marginally 2.3% of the gene expression variation across continents. This study provides a rare qualitative and quantitative documentation of the relative role of genomic, DNA methylation and their interaction in shaping patterns of convergent gene expression during the process of ecological speciation.
Prefrontal High Gamma in ECoG tags periodicity of musical rhythms in perception and imagination
Authors: Herff S. A. , Herff C. , Milne A. J. , Johnson G. D. , Shih J. J. , Krusienski D. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRhythmic auditory stimuli are known to elicit matching activity patterns in neural populations. Furthermore, recent research has established the particular importance of high-gamma brain activity in auditory processing by showing its involvement in auditory phrase segmentation and envelope-tracking. Here, we use electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from eight human listeners, to see whether periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the envelope of musical rhythms during rhythm perception and imagination. Rhythm imagination was elicited by instructing participants to imagine the rhythm to continue during pauses of several repetitions. To identify electrodes whose periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the musical rhythms, we compute the correlation between the autocorrelations (ACC) of both the musical rhythms and the neural signals. A condition in which participants listened to white noise was used to establish a baseline. High-gamma autocorrelations in auditory areas in the superior temporal gyrus and in frontal areas on both hemispheres significantly matched the autocorrelation of the musical rhythms. Overall, numerous significant electrodes are observed on the right hemisphere. Of particular interest is a large cluster of electrodes in the right prefrontal cortex that is active during both rhythm perception and imagination. This indicates conscious processing of the rhythms’ structure as opposed to mere auditory phenomena. The ACC approach clearly highlights that high-gamma activity measured from cortical electrodes tracks both attended and imagined rhythms.
Genetic meta-analysis of obsessive-compulsive disorder and self-report compulsive symptoms
Authors: Smit Dirk J.A. , Cath Danielle , Zilhão Nuno R. , Ip Hill F. , Denys Damiaan , den Braber Anouk , de Geus Eco J.C. , Verweij Karin J.H , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms from a population-based sample could be analyzed to detect genetic variants influencing OCD. We performed a GWAS on the obsession (rumination and impulsions) and compulsion (checking, washing, and ordering/precision) subscales of an abbreviated version of the Padua Inventory (N=8267 with genome-wide genotyping and phenotyping). The compulsion subscale showed a substantial and significant positive genetic correlation with an OCD case-control GWAS (rG=0.61, p=0.017) previously published by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-OCD). The obsession subscale and the total Padua score showed no significant genetic correlations (rG=–0.02 and rG=0.42, respectively). A meta-analysis of the compulsive symptoms GWAS with the PGC-OCD revealed no genome-wide significant SNPs (combined N=17992, indicating that the power is still low for individual SNP effects). A gene-based association analysis, however, yielded two novel genes (WDR7 and ADCK1). The top 250 genes in the gene-based test also showed significant increase in enrichment for psychiatric and brain-expressed genes. S-Predixcan testing showed that for genes expressed in hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus significance increased in the meta-analysis with compulsive symptoms compared to the original PGC-OCD GWAS. Thus, inclusion of dimensional symptom data in genome-wide association on clinical case-control GWAS of OCD may be useful to find genes for OCD if the data are based on quantitative indices of compulsive behavior. SNP-level power increases were limited, but aggregate, gene-level analyses showed increased enrichment for brain-expressed genes related to psychiatric disorders, and increased association with gene-expression in brain tissues with known emotional, reward processing, memory, and fear-formation functions.