bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Electronic Divide
Authors: Waksman Steve 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Guitar synthesizers gained prevalence in the 1980s thanks to the work of guitarists such as Pat Metheny, John McLaughlin, and Allan Holdsworth. This chapter explores how the guitar synthesizer challenged prevailing ideologies of technology, technique, and tone in the guitar community and was ultimately a commercial failure. It traces a brief history of the electric guitar and the synthesizer and their subsequent conjoining. The chapter discusses three cases in detail: Metheny’s use of the Roland GR-300, McLaughlin’s use of the Synclavier II, and Holdsworth’s use of the SynthAxe. The chapter concludes with an examination of the critical reception of the guitar synthesizer and speculates about the future of technological synthesis across the analog/digital divide.
A systematic study of Galactic infrared bubbles along the Galactic plane with AKARI and Herschel
Authors: Hanaoka Misaki , Kaneda Hidehiro , Suzuki Toyoaki , Kokusho Takuma , Oyabu Shinki , Ishihara Daisuke , Kohno Mikito , Furuta Takuya , Tsuchikawa Takuro , Saito Futoshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGalactic infrared (IR) bubbles, which have shell-like structures in the mid-IR wavelengths, are known to contain massive stars near their centers. Infrared bubbles in inner Galactic regions (|l| ≤ 65°, |b| ≤ 1°) have so far been studied well to understand the massive star formation mechanisms. In this study, we expand the research area to the whole Galactic plane (0° ≤ l &lt; 360°, |b| ≤ 5°), using the AKARI all-sky survey data. We limit our study to large bubbles with angular radii of &gt;1′ to reliably identify and characterize them. For the 247 IR bubbles in total, we derived the radii and the covering fractions of the shells, based on the method developed by Y. Hattori et al. (2016, PASJ, 68, 37). We also created their spectral energy distributions, using the AKARI and Herschel photometric data, and decomposed them with a dust model to obtain the total IR luminosity and the luminosity of each dust component, i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), warm dust, and cold dust. As a result, we find that there are systematic differences in the IR properties of the bubbles between the inner and outer Galactic regions. The total IR luminosities are lower in outer Galactic regions, while there is no systematic difference in the range of the shell radii between inner and outer Galactic regions. More IR bubbles tend to be observed as broken bubbles rather than closed ones and the fractional luminosities of the PAH emission are significantly higher in outer Galactic regions. We discuss the implications of these results for the massive stars and the interstellar environments associated with the Galactic IR bubbles.
The virtuous epidemiologist
Authors: Ip E C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article addresses the scholarly gap in the ethics of epidemiology by exploring what virtue ethics, one of the oldest ethical traditions in moral philosophy, has to say about ‘the virtuous epidemiologist’. It expounds comparatively the content and merits of a virtue ethics approach against more popular contemporary schools of thought such as consequentialism and deontology. Without necessarily dismissing the value of principles and standards, it presents a vision that a virtuous epidemiologist should cultivate wisdom in making prudential judgments in conditions of uncertainty; fortitude in dealing with powerful politicians and administrators which does not sacrifice truth; temperance and self-restraint in keeping one’s ideological views from compromising one’s scientific credibility; and justice in giving due weight to individual rights and the public interest when doing research and giving advice on public health interventions.
The Association Between Residency Learning Climate and Inpatient Care Experience in Clinical Teaching Departments in the Netherlands
Authors: Smirnova Alina , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Stalmeijer Renée E. , Lombarts Kiki M.J.M.H. , van der Vleuten Cees P.M. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo examine the association between residency learning climate and inpatient care experience.MethodThe authors analyzed 1,201 evaluations of the residency learning climate (using the Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test questionnaire) and 6,689 evaluations of inpatient care experience (using the Consumer Quality Index Inpatient Hospital Care questionnaire) from 86 departments across 15 specialties in 18 hospitals in the Netherlands between 2013 and 2014. The authors used linear hierarchical panel analyses to study the associations between departments’ overall and subscale learning climate scores and inpatient care experience global ratings and subscale scores, controlling for respondent- and department-level characteristics and correcting for multiple testing.ResultsOverall learning climate was not associated with global department ratings (b= 0.03; 95% confidence interval −0.17 to 0.23) but was positively associated with specific inpatient care experience domains, including communication with doctors (b= 0.11; 0.02 to 0.20) and feeling of safety (b= 0.09; 0.01 to 0.17). Coaching and assessment was positively associated with communication with doctors (b= 0.22; 0.08 to 0.37) and explanation of treatment (b= 0.22; 0.08 to 0.36). Formal education was negatively associated with pain management (b= −0.16; −0.26 to −0.05), while peer collaboration was positively associated with pain management (b= 0.14; 0.03 to 0.24).ConclusionsOptimizing the clinical learning environment is an important step toward ensuring high-quality residency training and patient care. These findings could help clinical teaching departments address those aspects of the learning environment that directly affect patient care.
Advocacy Training for Residents: Insights From Tulane’s Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Andrews Jane , Jones Catherine , Tetrault Jeanette , Coontz Kris 
Published: October 2018

Problem
Physicians have unique insights into the impact of government policies on vulnerable populations. Sharing these with legislators can help them design policy solutions to address public health challenges such as the opioid epidemic, drug pricing, and gun violence. However, despite widespread interest among residents in advocacy and systems-based change, most physicians receive no formal training in the skills needed to become effective physician–advocates. Advocacy training curricula for residents can equip trainees with skills to bridge this gap.

Approach
The Advocacy and Leadership Track (ALT) of Tulane University’s internal medicine residency program was introduced in fall 2015. It incorporates a mix of skills-building and issue-focused participation, reflected in the portfolio of advocacy experiences to be completed by graduation to achieve Advocacy Distinction. Key features include monthly potluck dinner seminars, a persuasive writing workshop, and partnering with a local or national network on a longitudinal health justice campaign.

Outcomes
As of June 2018, the ALT has nine residents enrolled. Two residents have graduated with the Advocacy Distinction. The ALT has recruited a cohort of physician–advocate faculty mentors and built a cross-generational advocacy network with over 80 physicians and physicians-in-training. The authors share key lessons learned for residency programs developing their own advocacy training pathways.

Next Steps
As demands on physicians increasingly include care coordination tasks and the effects of social determinants of health become clearer, advocacy skills are becoming relevant for all physicians. The authors recommend incorporating basic advocacy training for all internal medicine residents in the ambulatory curriculum.
Postoperative Blood Loss and Coagulation Changes After Balanced 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 Administration During Spine Surgery
Authors: Jang Myung-Soo , Han Jin-Hee , Lee SangHo , Kim Sung-Eun 
Published: October 2018

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of intraoperative balanced 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 on postoperative blood loss and the coagulation profile.

Summary of Background Data:
The safety of colloid versus crystalloid transfusion for bleeding and coagulation during major spine surgery remains controversial and only a few studies exist. Thus, we compared the effects of balanced 6% HES 130/0.4 and crystalloid on postoperative bleeding and coagulation.

Methods:
Patients undergoing spine surgery between February 1, 2015 and February 28, 2017 were divided into 2 groups: patients receiving intraoperative balanced 6% HES 130/0.4 and patients receiving crystalloid. We compared the postoperative bleeding volume with changes in the coagulation profile and length of hospital stay between these 2 groups. Propensity score (PS)-matching and multivariate stepwise linear regression were performed.

Results:
A total of 169 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The quantity of total colloid per patient was 10–15 mL/kg. A significant difference was observed in the total intraoperative transfused crystalloid volume between the 2 groups (colloid group, 1.394.6±1.414.0 mL; crystalloid group, 2.027.3±1.114.1 mL; P<0.001). Postoperative blood loss and coagulation profile changes were not significantly different in the 60 PS-matched paired patients. Furthermore, no differences in either postoperative transfusion requirement or length of hospital stay were observed between the groups. Multivariate stepwise linear regression revealed that operation time (β=0.549; P<0.001) and intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells (β=0.466; P=0.003) or fresh frozen plasma (β=−0.263; P=0.041) were independently associated with postoperative blood loss. However, intraoperative colloid administration was not a predictive factor.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative infusion of balanced 6% HES 130/0.4 in patients undergoing spine surgery presented clinically insignificant changes in postoperative blood loss and coagulation compared to crystalloid.

Level of Evidence: Level III.
The More the Merrier? Should Antibiotics be Used for Rhinoplasty and Septorhinoplasty?—A Review
Authors: Kullar Ravina , Frisenda Julia , Nassif Paul S. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
With antimicrobial resistance a global threat, optimizing antibiotic usage across the surgical continuum is vital. The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation recently published the first guidelines addressing management in rhinoplasty. The authors reviewed pertinent literature on the role of systemic antibiotics in rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty.

Methods:
The authors performed a MEDLINE search through PubMed using the key terms rhinoplasty, septorhinoplasty, infection, antimicrobials, and antibiotics.

Results:
Ten studies met criteria. Studies evaluating antibiotics perioperatively showed similar infection and/or bacteremia rates (0–13.3%) in those receiving or not receiving antibiotics. No patients experienced significant local/systemic infections regardless of antibiotic use. In the 3 studies evaluating antibiotics postoperatively, antibiotics decreased the infection rate from 27% to 8% in complex revision cases. In a study evaluating postoperative antibiotics in noncomplex cases, there were no significant differences in infection rates between those receiving only a preoperative dose and those receiving preoperative in addition to 7 days of postoperative antibiotics, with the latter experiencing higher rates of antibiotic-related adverse events and costs.

Conclusions:
Peri- and postoperative antibiotics in noncomplex rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty are not beneficial in decreasing infection risk. Antibiotics, with a first-generation cephalosporin such as cefazolin (non–β-lactam, such as clindamycin, if β-lactam allergy), should be considered in patients with comorbidities/undergoing complex surgery. If perioperative antibiotics are used, antibiotics should be administered within 1 hour of incision and discontinued within 24 hours of the operation. Further research is warranted to evaluate the optimal duration of postoperative antibiotics in complex cases.
Effects of age and comorbidity on survival vary according to risk grouping among patients with prostate cancer treated using radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hah Yoon Soo , Lee Kwang Suk , Choi In Young , Lee Ji Youl , Hong Jun Hyuk , Kim Choung-Soo , Lee Hyun Moo , Hong Sung Kyu , Byun Seok-Soo , Lee Seung Hwan , Rha Koon Ho , Chung Byung Ha , Koo Kyo Chul 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A multicenter Korean Prostate Cancer Database (K-CaP) has been established to provide information regarding Korean patients with prostate cancer (PCa). We used the K-CaP registry to investigate the value of age and comorbidity for predicting cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) according to risk grouping.
The K-CaP registry includes 2253 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between May 2001 and April 2013 at 5 institutions. Preoperative clinicopathologic data were collected and stratified according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk criteria. Survival was evaluated using Gray's modified log-rank test according to risk category, age (<70 years vs ≥70 years), and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (0 vs ≥1).
The median follow-up was 55.0 months (interquartile range: 42.0–70.0 months). Competing-risk regression analysis revealed that, independent of CCI, ≥70-year-old high-risk patients had significantly greater CSM than <70-year-old high-risk patients (P = .019). However, <70-year-old high-risk patients with a CCI of ≥1 had similar CSM relative to ≥70-year-old patients. Survival was not affected by age or CCI among low-risk or intermediate-risk patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that a CCI of ≥1 was independently associated with a higher risk of CSM (P = .003), while an age of ≥70 years was independently associated with a higher risk of OCM (P = .005).
Age and comorbidity were associated with survival after RP among patients with high-risk PCa, although these associations were not observed among low-risk or intermediate-risk patients. Therefore, older patients with high-risk diseases and greater comorbidity may require alternative multidisciplinary treatment.
Catheter removal and outcomes of multidrug-resistant central-line-associated bloodstream infection
Authors: Burnham Jason P. , Rojek Rebecca P. , Kollef Marin H. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are responsible for ∼1/3 of all deaths from healthcare-associated infections in the United States. Of these, multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are responsible for 20% to 67%. However, whether catheter removal affects clinical outcomes for MDRO CLABSIs has not been studied. Our objective was to determine the relationship between failure to remove a central venous catheter (CVC) and 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with MDRO CLABSIs. We used a retrospective cohort from Barnes-Jewish Hospital (1/1/2009–10/1/2015) to study patients with a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus species, Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter species, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa CLABSI. Risk factors for 30-day mortality, including catheter removal, were assessed for association with 30-day mortality using Cox proportional hazards models. The CLABSIs were assessed prospectively at the time of occurrence by infection prevention specialists. A total of 430 patients met inclusion criteria, 173 (40.2%) with Enterococcus, 116 (27.0%) Enterobacteriaceae, 81 (18.8%) S aureus, 44 (10.2%) polymicrobial, 11 (2.6%) P aeruginosa, and 5 (1.2%) Acinetobacter CLABSIs. Removal of a CVC occurred in 50.2% of patients, of which 4.2% died by 30 days (n = 9). For patients whose CVC remained in place, 45.3% died (n = 97). Failure to remove a CVC was strongly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio of 13.5 (6.8–26.7), P < .001. Other risk factors for 30-day mortality included patient comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis), and being in an intensive care unit at the time of MDRO isolation. Failure to remove a CVC was strongly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality for patients with MDRO CLABSIs in this single center retrospective cohort. This suggests that patients presenting with MDRO CLABSIs should all undergo CVC removal.
Gene pair based prognostic signature for colorectal colon cancer
Authors: Shu Peng , Wu Jianping , Tong Yao , Xu Chunxia , Zhang Xingguo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background:
The identification of high-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) patient is key to individualized treatment after surgery and reliable prognostic biomarkers are needed identifying high-risk CRC patients.

Methods:
We developed a gene pair based prognostic signature that could can the prognosis risk in patients with CRC. This study retrospectively analyzed 4 public CRC datasets, and 1123 patients with CRC were divided into a training cohort (n = 300) and 3 independent validation cohorts (n = 507, 226, and 90 patients).

Results:
A signature of 9 prognosis-related gene pairs (PRGPs) consisting of 17 unique genes was constructed. Then, a PRGP index (PRGPI) was constructed and divided patients into high- and low-risk groups according to the signature score. Patients in the high-risk group showed a poorer relapse-free survival than the low-risk group in both the training cohort [hazard ratio (HR) range, 4.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.55–8.32; P < .0001] and meta-validation set (hazard ratio range, 4.09, 95% CI, 1.99–8.39; P < .0001). The PRGPI signature achieved a higher accuracy [mean concordance index (C-index): 0.6∼0.74] than a commercialized molecular signature (mean C-index, 0.48∼0.56) for estimation of relapse-free survival in comparable validation sets.

Conclusion:
The gene pair based prognostic signature is a promising biomarker for estimating relapse-free survival of CRC.
Relapsing polychondritis patients were divided into three subgroups: patients with respiratory involvement (R subgroup), patients with auricular involvement (A subgroup), and overlapping patients with both involvements (O subgroup), and each group had distinctive clinical characteristics
Authors: Shimizu Jun , Yamano Yoshihisa , Kawahata Kimito , Suzuki Noboru 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a multisystem disorder of cartilaginous tissues. Previously, we found that patients with respiratory involvement and patients with auricular involvement were mutually exclusive in the RP cohort, which suggests a strong inverse relationship between respiratory and auricular involvement. Here, we examined the clinical manifestation patterns in a subgroup of patients with respiratory involvement (R subgroup) and a subgroup of patients with auricular involvement (A subgroup) and investigated the clinical and laboratory characteristics of each subgroup.
There were 47 patients (19.7%) and 118 patients (49.4%) allocated to the R and A subgroups, respectively. Saddle nose deformity and a progressive disease course were observed frequently in the R subgroup. Arthritis, conjunctivitis, and CNS involvement were observed frequently in the A subgroup.
The remaining RP patients formed a third subgroup of patients that had both respiratory involvement and auricular involvement. We designated this subgroup as the O (overlap) subgroup, and 75 patients (31.4%) were allocated to the O subgroup. Disease duration in the O subgroup (5.70 ± 0.64 years) was significantly longer than that in the A subgroup (4.12 ± 0.45 years) and relatively longer than that in the R subgroup (4.80 ± 0.63 years).
We found that cardiovascular involvement was more predominant in the O subgroup than in the R and A subgroups. Higher concentrations of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 were observed in the O subgroup than in the R and A subgroups.
We measured serum MMP3 concentrations in another patient cohort including 22 newly recruited RP patients. MMP3 concentrations were significantly higher in the O subgroup (n = 10) than those in the R subgroup (n = 6) and A subgroup (n = 10).
RP patients in the R and A subgroups had different characteristics from each other, and the overlap of respiratory and auricular involvement was an important prognostic factor in patients with RP. Cardiovascular involvement was not observed in the R subgroup in RP patients. The current study may provide insights into the classification and treatment of RP.
Monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio is associated with a decreased compound muscle action potential amplitude in patients with diabetic axonal polyneuropathy
Authors: Vural Gönül , Gümüsyayla Şadiye 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has recently been implemented as an indicator of inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study characterized MHR in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), in which oxidative stress and microvascular damage play a role in pathogenesis, relative to patients with non-DPN, diabetic patients without polyneuropathy, and healthy individuals. We further aimed to evaluate the association between MHR and the decreased compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude of patients with diabetic axonal polyneuropathy.
We enrolled 90 patients with DPN, 75 patients with nonDPN, 92 diabetic patients without polyneuropathy, and 67 healthy individuals; The monocyte, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values were obtained for all participants and MHR was calculated for each individual. Intergroup comparison was performed. The relationship between MHR and the posterior tibial nerve CMAP amplitudes was examined.
Statistically significant negative correlation was observed between MHR and the posterior tibial nerve CMAP amplitudes of patients with DPN. The MHR values of the patients with DPN were significantly higher than those of the patients with non-DPN, diabetic patients without polyneuropathy and the control group.
This study demonstrated that diabetic patients with higher MHR values may be more likely to develop polyneuropathy.
Application of lateral tarsoconjunctival flap to correct ocular complications of Madelung's disease
Authors: Lee Lung-Chi , Weng Tsu-Heng , Huang Ke-Hao , Lin Hsin-Ting , Liang Chang-Min , Tai Ming-Cheng , Chen Jiann-Torng , Chien Ke-Hung 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Madelung's disease is a specific type of benign symmetric lipomatosis, which is characterized by overgrowing fat distributed at the neck and shoulder. This excessive fat accumulation may occur in different regions, including vital organs, such as the larynx, trachea, or the orbits. Surgery is usually performed to correct the esthetic or functional concern of the affected area. There are only few case reports mentioned about the orbital involvement of this disease. This study aimed to describe a case of Madelung's disease with ocular complications and the successful treatment using tarsoconjunctival flap.

Patient concerns:
A 90-year-old obese male presented with decreased visual acuity accompanied with severe band form punctate epithelial erosions and ciliary injections in both eyes. Exophthalmos and ectropion of the lower eyelids were observed.

Diagnoses:
Orbital computed tomography revealed a rare entity of Madelung's disease with significant massive deposits of lipomas located symmetrically around the orbit and neck region.

Interventions:
Bilateral lateral tarsoconjunctival flaps with lateral tarsal strip procedures were performed to correct the lower eyelid ectropion-related exposure keratopathy.

Outcomes:
The patient obtained improved visual acuity, intact and clear corneal surfaces, and perfect lower eyelid positions over both eyes.

Lessons:
Madelung's disease is a rare condition. There are few reports to describe its ocular complications, due to lipoma overgrowing in the orbit. We shared our successful experience to correct ocular complications using tarsoconjunctival flap technique.