Studi kualitatif: pengobatan dan warisan budaya dalam kesehatan masyarakat suku Banjar-Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Wulandari Anggun , Jamilah Jamilah , Arifa Salsabila , Ainnurrahmah Annisa , Juliana Andini , Maulidya Dyna Ariva 
Published: November 2024

Background: Health behavior is an individual's response to health aspects that can be influenced by internal and external factors. The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey showed that 32.5% of households utilized traditional health services. South Kalimantan was in third place, experiencing a decline in patient visits from 2019-2020, which was 44.2% and increased slightly in 2021. Lack of access to health services can result in decreased quality of life and increased risk of death. This is due to the continued validity of traditional medicine that has been passed down from generation to generation, such as water therapy involving the use of water that has been given prayers and black bracelets which are considered protective amulets.
Purpose: To study the treatment and cultural heritage in the health of the Banjar ethnic group in South Kalimantan.
Method: Qualitative research with phenomenological design and data collection through in-depth interviews. Sampling using sampling techniques and obtained 12 people who became informants. Data analysis was carried out using the NVivo application. All raw data from interview transcripts and observation notes will be systematically coded in Nvivo and continued with the formation of conclusions carried out using thematic analysis techniques to analyze the interview results.
Results: Characteristics of informants with an age range of 23-70 years, the majority of informants are female as many as 10 people (83.3%) and are users of water therapy and black bracelets as many as 5 informants (41.7%). Based on interviews, it was found that there was a dynamic between tradition and modernity in the health practices of the Banjar community, so that there was variation in the acceptance and preservation of traditional practices that reflected the complexity of the interaction between traditional beliefs and modern health practices. Socio-cultural factors play an important role in shaping public health behavior.
Conclusion: Insights into the socio-cultural dynamics that influence community treatment choices and the integration of traditional practices and modern health services.

Keywords: Banjar Ethnic Group; Cultural Heritage; Medicine; Public Health.

Pendahuluan: Perilaku kesehatan merupakan respons individu terhadap aspek-aspek kesehatan yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 menunjukkan 32.5% rumah tangga menggunakan pelayanan kesehatan tradisional. Kalimantan Selatan berada di posisi ketiga yang mengalami penurunan atas kunjungan pasien dari tahun 2019-2020 yaitu sebesar 44.2% dan sedikit meningkat di 2021. Kurangnya akses pelayanan kesehatan dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup dan peningkatan risiko kematian. Hal ini dikarenakan masih berlakunya pengobatan tradisional yang diwariskan turun temurun, seperti terapi air yang melibatkan penggunaan air yang diberi doa dan gelang hitam yang dianggap sebagai jimat pelindung.
Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji pengobatan dan warisan budaya dalam kesehatan masyarakat suku Banjar-Kalimantan Selatan.
Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi dan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling dan diperoleh 12 orang yang menjadi informan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi NVivo. Seluruh data mentah hasil dari transkip wawancara dan catatan observasi akan dilakukan coding secara sistematis di dalam Nvivo dan dilanjutkan pembentukan simpulan yang dilakukan dengan teknik analisis tematik untuk menganalisis hasil wawancara.
Hasil: Karakteristik informan dengan rentang usia 23-70 tahun, mayoritas informan berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 10 orang (83.3%) dan merupakan pengguna terapi air dan gelang hitam sebanyak 5 informan (41.7%). Berdasarkan wawancara, ditemukan adanya dinamika antara tradisi dan modernitas dalam praktik kesehatan masyarakat Banjar, sehingga terdapat variasi dalam penerimaan dan pelestarian praktik tradisional yang mencerminkan kompleksitas interaksi antara kepercayaan tradisional dan praktik kesehatan modern. Faktor-faktor sosial budaya memainkan peran signifikan dalam membentuk perilaku kesehatan masyarakat.
Simpulan: Wawasan dinamika sosial budaya memengaruhi pilihan pengobatan masyarakat dan integrasi praktik tradisional dan pelayanan kesehatan modern.

Kata Kunci: Kesehatan Masyarakat; Pengobatan; Suku Banjar; Warisan Budaya.