bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors of Opaque Bubble Layer Formation According to Flap Thickness During 500-kHz FS-LASIK
Authors: Lim Dong Hui , Hyun Joo , Shin Eunhae , Ko Byung-woo , Chung Eui-Sang , Chung Tae-Young 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE:
To present the incidence, risk factors, and effect of opaque bubble layer (OBL) formation during flap creation in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with a 500-kHz femtosecond laser on visual performance.

METHODS:
In this retrospective study, preoperative characteristics (age, sex, keratometric value, spherical equivalent, and central corneal thickness) and intraoperative surgical factors (used energy, docking type, and flap thickness) were compared between eyes with and without OBL formation during flap creation. Possible risk factors for specific types of OBLs were analyzed.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirty-five eyes of 71 patients underwent LASIK, and OBL developed in 98 eyes (72.59%). In the univariate analysis, the greater than 80-µm flap group was associated with a lower OBL occurrence than the 80-µm flap group (
P
= .0424, odds ratio [OR] = 0.481) and hard docking was associated with increased OBL formation (
P
= .0001, OR = 6.859). In the multivariate analysis, hard docking was a risk factor for OBL development (
P
= .0003, OR = 6.329). In the subgroup analysis, hard docking had a marginal effect on OBL occurrence in the 80-µm flap group (
P
= .086, OR = 3.564), but it had a strong effect in the greater than 80-µm flap group (
P
= .0018, OR = 10.210).

CONCLUSIONS:
Hard docking is a risk factor for OBL development. However, hard docking had a small effect on OBL occurrence in the 80-µm flap group during LASIK. OBL formation did not affect visual performance.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(9):583–589.]
Refractive and Visual Outcomes of SUPRACOR TENEO 317 LASIK for Presbyopia in Hyperopic Eyes: 24-Month Follow-up
Authors: Sánchez-González José-María , Alonso-Aliste Federico , Amián-Cordero Jonatan , Sánchez-González María Carmen , De-Hita-Cantalejo Concepción 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE:
To analyze the efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability in hyperopic presbyopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgeries with the TENEO 317 algorithm (Bausch & Lomb Technolas, Munich, Germany).

METHODS:
Eighty eyes from 40 patients who underwent hyperopic and presbyopic LASIK in this retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study were included. All patients had a 24-month follow-up. Excimer laser treatment was performed with TECNOLAS Perfect Vision GmbH TENEO 317 software version 1.25 (Bausch & Lomb) with the PROSCAN platform for the distance dominant eye and the SUPRACOR mild platform for the near dominant eye.

RESULTS:
Mean age was 53.90 ± 4.84 years (range: 42 to 66 years). Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0.00 ± 0.04 (20/19.97) for the dominant eye and 0.14 ± 0.05 (20/27.65) for the non-dominant eye. Postoperative uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.51 ± 0.17 (J9) for the dominant eye and 0.09 ± 0.06 (J1.5) for the non-dominant eye, whereas 2.5% of non-dominant eyes lost two lines of corrected distance visual acuity. Half of non-dominant eyes lost one line, and 2.5% of dominant and non-dominant eyes changed 0.50 D or more between 3 and 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
PROSCAN surgery in the dominant eye and SUPRACOR surgery in the non-dominant eye using the TENEO 317 algorithm demonstrated that the hyperopic presbyopic excimer laser surgery technique resulted in acceptable and stable outcomes after 24 months of follow-up.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(9):591–598.]
IL-10 Has Differential Effects on the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems of Septic Patients
Authors: Mazer Monty , Unsinger Jaqueline , Drewry Anne , Walton Andrew , Osborne Dale , Blood Theresa , Hotchkiss Richard , Remy Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sepsis, a disease of divergent pro- and anti-inflammatory–mediated pathways, has a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality, yet an understanding of potential unifying mediators between these pathways that may improve clinical outcomes is largely unclear. IL-10 has classically been designated an immunosuppressive cytokine, although recent data suggest that under certain conditions IL-10 can be immune stimulatory. We sought to further investigate the effect of IL-10 on innate and adaptive immunity in an in vitro human observational cohort study in patients with sepsis via modulation of IL-10 on IFN-γ production by T cells and TNF-α production and HLA-DR expression by monocytes. These results were compared with critically ill nonseptic patients and healthy volunteers. ELISpot analysis was performed using PBMC fraction from patient whole-blood samples. Finally, to provide additional potential clinical relevance, we examined the effect of IL-10 on T cell IFN-γ production in an in vivo cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis using C57 black/J6 female mice. We found that inhibition of IL-10 significantly increased both production of T cell IFN-γ and monocyte TNF-α, whereas addition of IL-10 increased T cell IFN-γ production but decreased monocyte production of TNF-α and HLA-DR expression. There was no significant effect of IL-10 on control cohorts. IL-10–treated septic mice demonstrated increased IFN-γ production in splenocytes. Thus, IL-10 demonstrates both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in the septic microenvironment, which is likely cell and context dependent. Further elucidation of relevant signaling pathways may direct future therapeutic targets.
Patients’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 2017
Authors: Ramchurren K. , Balakrishna Y. , Mahomed S. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a major public-health problem globally and inappropriate antibiotic use is being increasingly recognised as the main force driving this resistance. Communities can contribute to the reduction of antibiotic resistance by using antibiotics appropriately and as prescribed. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of patients regarding antibiotic use at a regional hospital in South Africa.Method: An observational analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital between May and June 2017. A validated questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions was administered to outpatients. Patients’ responses were scored and categorised as poor or good for knowledge, attitude and practice.Results: A total of 386 patients were interviewed. Only 205 (53%) patients had a good level of knowledge. Although 270 (70%) patients knew that antibiotics are indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections, 211 (55%) patients incorrectly thought that antibiotics are also used to treat viral infections. Only 168 (44%) patients were aware of the resistance associated with overusing antibiotics. With regard to patients’ attitudes, 164 (42%) patients believed that taking antibiotics for the common cold helped them to recover faster and 178 (46%) patients expected the doctor to prescribe more than one antibiotic for a severe cold. Overall, 157 patients (40%) reported having shared antibiotics with friends or family. Patients with good knowledge were six times more likely to have good antibiotic practices (OR 5.8; 95% CI 0.3–10.6; p 0.001).Conclusion: A well-planned education programme for the public should be undertaken to improve the knowledge and uses of antibiotics among patients.
Patient Perceptions of Their Decision to Undergo Palliative Chemotherapy in the Edinburgh Cancer Centre
Authors: Bowden Joanna , Gwyther Beth , Price Allan , Swan Amanda , Nussey Fiona , Hacking Belinda , Shearer Morven , Lloyd Anna 
Published: September 2019

Background The decision to undergo chemotherapy for incurable cancer demands informed discussions about the risks and benefits of proposed treatments. Research has shown that many patients have a poor grasp of these factors. Methods An evaluation of the patient experience of palliative chemotherapy decision-making was undertaken. Patients with lung or gynaecological cancers were surveyed about their decision, what they understood about its risks and benefits, and how supported they felt. Results A total of 29 people with lung cancer (n = 21) or gynaecological cancer (n = 8) completed questionnaires. The majority felt sure about their decision, though many were less sure of the risks and benefits of treatment. Unprompted comments revealed significant nuance, including that the decision to undergo chemotherapy may not necessarily have felt like a choice. Conclusions Our positive findings may reflect participant selection bias, or could represent genuine comfort in decision-making in Scottish oncology clinics. Further research is needed.
Analysis of the Operative Treatment for Pilon Fracture
Authors: Chu Hui , Yu Hang , Zhu Kejun , Ren Ding , Xu Xibing , Huang Hong 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Pilon fracture is common clinical joint fracture and difficult to treat. It has high requirements on reduction and fixation. The selection of treatments is challengeable. In order to recover the ankle function maximize, there are many treatments proposed in paper recently, but no further studies. Therefore, patients of our hospital with Pilon fracture were followed up and the treatments were compared by different operations.

Materials and methods
Eighty-eight patients from August 2003 to October 2010 treated with conservative treatment, open reduction and internal fixation, external fixation combined with limited open reduction and internal fixation and external fixation were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Seventy-eight cases were followed up in 88 patients, 66 cases were treated with operation. Postoperative complications: malunion in 7 cases, wound infection and delayed healing in 5 cases, delayed union in 2 cases and traumatic arthritis in 4 cases. At the same time, ankle function of type III Pilon fracture after operation was scored by Tornetta.

Conclusion
choose a suitable operation style and time according to Pilon fracture type and degree of soft tissue and use external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for fracture reduction properly, a good clinical effect can be achieved after surgery.

How to cite this article
Chu H, Yu H, Zhu K, Ren D, Xu X, Huang H. Analysis of the Operative Treatment for Pilon Fracture. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(2):86-89.
Could the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio serve as a marker in the diagnosis and prediction of acute appendicitis complications in children?
Authors: Begic-Kapetanovic Sadeta , Avdagic Nesina , Zaciragic Asija , Hasic Sabaheta , Babic Nermina , Hadzimuratovic Adnan 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionAcute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical condition of the abdomen in children. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible use of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis and prediction of AA complications in children.Material and methodsWe included 170 AA patients under 15 years of age, who were divided into the following groups: Group 1 – non-operated patients with AA, and Group 2 – patients who underwent appendectomy. Based on pathologic grades of AA, Group 2 was subdivided into: Group A – phlegmonous, Group B – gangrenous, and Group C – perforated AA. NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count.ResultsIn Group 2 NLR was significantly higher than in Group 1 (5.5 [1.9–9.9] vs. 2.3 [1.2–3.7]; p < 0.001). A significant difference in NLR was found between Group C and Group A (p < 0.001), and as well as between Group B and Group A (p = 0.001). The determined optimal cut-off value of NLR in differentiating Group 1 vs. Group 2 was ≥ 3.48 (p < 0.001). In differentiating Group A from Group C the optimal cut-off value of NLR was ≥ 5.61 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, optimal cut-off value of NLR in differentiating Group A from Group B was ≥ 5.45 (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe obtained results suggest that NLR could be used as a simple and reliable test in the diagnosis and prediction of AA complications in children. However, to draw definite conclusions on the predictive power of NLR as a marker of AA large multicentric studies are required.
El nuevo proyecto de Av. Perú de Recoleta como espacio de integración urbana
Authors: Ahumada Paulina , Zunino Juana , Carreño Paz 
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo presenta el caso de un proyecto de espacio público en la Comuna de Recoleta, Santiago de Chile, que consolida y genera un parque longitudinal que integra distintas escalas urbanas y grupos sociales.
Poniendo el foco en los problemas y desafíos de la integración urbana, el texto revisa la evolución histórica y el proceso de nueve años del proyecto, proponiendo un análisis de dos esferas de la integración: la integración socioespacial y los desafíos de la integración sectorial y de los distintos niveles de toma de decisiones involucrados en una intervención urbana.
El análisis aborda la etapa de planificación y la formulación de encargo del proyecto; la gestión urbana desde el nivel local; y, la estrategia de diseño del espacio público para lograr un diseño integral y una propuesta paisajística que valora los atributos naturales del lugar, incorporando el uso de flora nativa que aún está en estado incipiente en nuestro país.
Challenges and Barriers in Convergence of IND_AS with IFRS: A Perspective Investigation on Indian Professionals and Officials
Authors: Sadri Lohrasp 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The paper examines the perception of officials and professionals in implementing IFRS at pre-initial stage. India accepted to implement the IFRS from 1st April 2016 despite reluctance from practitioners. Paper explores the responses towards challenges in implementation of IFRS rather than its effects after implementation. Design / Methodology / Approach: Quantitative research is used with use of structured questionnaire. The survey provided 192 responses from across India.Findings: Study questioned the readiness in adoption of IFRS and handling the challenges. Both officials and professionals have similar concern in implementing IFRS. Both groups agreed on the importance and usefulness of globally harmonizing AS but do not find it easy to adapt IND-AS to IFRS and have many concerns over it. Moreover, IASB is not properly emphasising in smoothening the process of implementation other than just organizing training sessions. Young and skilled professionals appreciated more of IFRS implementation than elderly and less skilled. Female participants are more receptive than men. Indian software companies were already using US GAAP norms for more than a century.Implications / Contributions: Analysis suggested IASB to focus on implementing issues and must work in coordination with national boards of every country to address those issues locally.Suggestions: Involvement of corporate houses, local authorities, boards, national agencies, professionals and officials are required for success of IFRS adoption. The Author is preparing to submit a report to IASB to facilitate them in bringing effectiveness for the same purpose. Originality of Study / Importance: The study focuses on issues specifically raised by officials and professionals of India. No study conducted with this perspective especially on India.Scope of Study: Based on the literature review, corporate governance is identified as an important area as the scope of this study in order to bring the effectiveness of implementation phase of IFRS within Indian companies, and to identify different factors that increases risk of failure. Further, it is important to study the role of monitoring institutions, regulators, and government in encouraging professionals and officials to smoothen the implementation phase in India. Nevertheless, effects after implementation need to be studied further.
Correlation between 18F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value with CD147 expression in lung adenocarcinomas: a retrospective study
Authors: Guo Fei , Li Xueyan , Yao Guodong , Zeng Guangchun , Yu Lijuan 
Published: September 2019

Background
The pro-tumoral action of the cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), which is associated with the chemotherapy resistance of lung adenocarcinoma, is partly due to accelerated tumor cell glycolysis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) metabolic parameters included maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), which are non-invasive markers of the glucose metabolism of tumor cells in vivo. This study aimed to clarify the correlation between PET metabolic parameters and CD147 expression, and to evaluate the prognostic value of CD147 expression in resectable lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods
A total of 89 lung adenocarcinoma chemotherapy-naive patients who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computerized tomography scan before pulmonary surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The PET metabolic parameters were calculated by 18F-FDG PET imaging, and CD147 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, and TLG compared for their performance in predicting the expression of CD147 were illustrated with statistical analysis. All patients were then followed-up for survival analysis.

Results
The SUVmax was significantly correlated with the CD147 expression and was the primary predictor for the CD147 expression of lung adenocarcinoma. A cut-off value of the SUVmax, 9.77 allowed 85.1% sensitivity and 64.3% specificity for predicting the CD147 positive lung adenocarcinoma. CD147 expression was correlated with tumor differentiation and metastasis. Univariate survival analysis showed that CD147 expression was significantly associated with a shorter overall survival (OS) time. Multivariate analysis revealed that CD147 was an independent prognostic factor of lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Conclusion
The SUVmax of a primary tumor measured with 18F-FDG PET may be a simple and non-invasive marker for predicting CD147 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. CD147 is an independent prognostic factor related to OS of postoperative lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Development of Oil Spill Response Decision Support Tool for Aerial Spraying of Dispersants
Authors: Dillon-Gibbons Craig , Galtry Cameron , Boustead Nicholas , D'Arcy-Evans Nicholas , Kurts Phillip , Jal Eric , Kilner Andrew , Washington Daniel 
Published: September 2019

2017-280 Abstract This paper describes the development of a Decision Support Tool (DST) for response planning associated with aerial operations for offshore oil spills. The research program was formulated to include characterization of dispersant spray drift through numerical modeling to generate a database of drift response for a range of airframes and environmental conditions. The drift of aerial dispersants is dependent on a number of different influences including airframe shape and aerodynamics, environmental effects, flight conditions and aerial dispersant make up. As with agricultural spraying, oil spill response spraying has the potential of spray drift to impact upon ecologically sensitive regions and/or areas occupied by people or marine mammals surfacing in the spill area. The development of the DST included an evaluation of existing regulatory models, investigating their application to the offshore environment. It was found that, due to inherent limitations and simplifications, particularly for the larger airframes considered, the existing models were under conservative in comparison with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models in the near field wake regions for offshore spraying purposes. To address these issues, a combination of scaling factors and the use of inviscid vortex transport and particle dispersion models were adopted for inclusion in the DST. It is envisaged that, once validated further, the DST will become an invaluable tool for Oil Spill Response Operators (OSROs) and decision planners in both the operational mode of providing information to aid in establishing setback distances and in the planning mode to assist with the identification of windows of opportunity conducive to spraying operations.
Compliance Monitoring of Microbiological and Physicochemical Parameters of Abattoirs’ Effluents Discharged into Water Bodies in Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Egesi Constance O. , Ezebuiro Victor , Ekeleme Anthony C. , Obiukwu Charles E. 
Published: September 2019

Aims: To assess the quality of abattoir effluents discharged into water bodies in Owerri Municipal, Nigeria using microbiological and physicochemical approaches.
Study Design: The study employed microbiological and physicochemical parameters to determine effluent and water quality.
Place and Duration of Study: Abattoirs in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, between September 2014 and February 2016.
Methodology: Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on three abattoir effluents and their receiving water bodies. Counts of total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and faecal coliform, Vibrio, Salmonella and Shigella were carried using the plate count method.
Results: The bacterial isolates in the various samples included members of the genera Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Micrococcus, Proteus, Salmonella, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Vibrio. The order of increasing effluent’s total coliform and faecal counts within the different abattoirs are given as Egbu abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir > Ahiara abattoir. For the receiving streams, the order was as follows, for the total coliform count: Egbu abattoir > Ahiara abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir while for faecal coliform: Egbu abattoir > Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir > Ahiara abattoir. About 85.7% and 42.9% of the total bacterial isolates were found in the Egbu abattoir effluent and receiving the stream, respectively. Ahiara abattoir’s effluent had 66.7% of the bacteria while its receiving stream had 23.8%. Over 57% of the total bacterial isolates were distributed in the Amakohia Ikeduru abattoir with 33.3% for its receiving stream.
Conclusion: This study revealed that pathogenic bacteria from abattoir were constantly discharged into receiving streams, thereby presenting serious health risks. The health status of residents of Owerri who have access to these water bodies should be studied to determine the health implications of such unregulated practices.
Implanting Atomic Cobalt within Mesoporous Carbon toward Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xie Jin , Li Bo‐Quan , Peng Hong‐Jie , Song Yun‐Wei , Zhao Meng , Chen Xiao , Zhang Qiang , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold great promise to serve as next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the practical performances of Li–S batteries are severely limited by the sulfur cathode regarding its low conductivity, huge volume change, and the polysulfide shuttle effect. The first two issues have been well addressed by introducing mesoporous carbon hosts to the sulfur cathode. Unfortunately, the nonpolar nature of carbon materials renders poor affinity to polar polysulfides, leaving the shuttling issue unaddressed. In this contribution, atomic cobalt is implanted within the skeleton of mesoporous carbon via a supramolecular self‐templating strategy, which simultaneously improves the interaction with polysulfides and maintains the mesoporous structure. Moreover, the atomic cobalt dopants serve as active sites to improve the kinetics of the sulfur redox reactions. With the atomic‐cobalt‐decorated mesoporous carbon host, a high capacity of 1130 mAh gS−1 at 0.5 C and a high stability with a retention of 74.1% after 300 cycles are realized. Implanting atomic metal in mesoporous carbon demonstrates a feasible strategy to endow nanomaterials with targeted functions for Li–S batteries and broad applications.