bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Stiffness of Rotator Cuff Tendons in Frozen Shoulder on Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Wada Tomoki , Itoigawa Yoshiaki , Yoshida Keiichi , Kawasaki Takayuki , Maruyama Yuichiro , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the stiffness and morphologic characteristics of the capsule, rotator cuff tendons and muscles, coracohumeral ligament (CHL), and long head of the biceps in patients with frozen shoulder using shear wave elastography (SWE) with B‐mode ultrasound.MethodsThirty‐two patients with frozen shoulder were divided into freezing and frozen phases. All patients had limitations of their range of motion without rotator cuff tears. Stiffness was measured by SWE in the supraspinatus (SSp) tendon, infraspinatus (ISp) tendon, SSp muscle, ISp muscle, teres minor muscle, upper and lower trapezius muscles, posterior capsule, CHL, and long head of the biceps. The posterior capsule and CHL thicknesses were also investigated with B‐mode ultrasound. All values were compared in the affected and unaffected shoulders in each phase.ResultsThe SWE values for the SSp and ISp tendons in the freezing phase and the CHL in the frozen phase were significantly greater on the affected side than the unaffected side (mean ± SD, 280.4 ± 125.3 versus 178.1 ± 73.3, 318.4 ± 110.7 versus 240.8 ± 91.5, and 287.2 ± 135.3 versus 214.1 ± 91.1 kPa, respectively; P < .05). The posterior capsule in both the freezing and frozen phases and the CHL in the frozen phase were significantly thicker on the affected side than the unaffected side (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 0.9 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.4 versus 0.9 ± 0.3, and 4.4 ± 1.4 versus 3.3 ± 1.1 mm; P < .01).ConclusionsThe SWE values of the both SSp and ISp tendons increased in the freezing phase, and that of the CHL also increased in the frozen phase. Not only the change in thickness of the capsule but also the change in stiffness of the rotator cuff may correlate with frozen shoulder.
Update on hypoglossal nerve stimulation in children with down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Caloway Christen L. , Diercks Gillian R. , Keamy Donald , de Guzman Vanessa , Soose Ryan , Raol Nikhila , Shott Sally R. , Ishman Stacey L. , Hartnick Christopher J. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives/HypothesisHypoglossal nerve (HGN) stimulation is a novel therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. Its efficacy and safety in children with Down syndrome (DS) was previously reported in a preliminary case series of six adolescents.Study DesignCase series.MethodsTwenty nonobese children and adolescents (aged 10–21 years) with DS and severe OSA (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] >10 and <50 events/hr) despite prior adenotonsillectomy were enrolled. Participants had failed a trial of continuous positive airway pressure therapy and underwent sleep endoscopy confirming surgical candidacy. The primary outcome was to assess safety and monitor for adverse events. Secondary outcomes included efficacy in reducing AHI (% reduction in AHI), adherence to therapy, and change in a validated quality‐of‐life instrument, the OSA‐18 survey.ResultsAll 20 children (median age = 16.0 years [interquartile range = 13–17 years], 13 male) were implanted with no long‐term complications. We report two interval adverse events, both of which were corrected with revision surgery. Twenty participants completed the 2‐month polysomnogram, with median percent reduction in titration AHI of 85% (interquartile range = 75%–92%). The median nightly usage for these children was 9.21 hours/night. There was a median change in the OSA‐18 score of 1.15, indicating a moderate, yet significant, clinical change.ConclusionsHGN stimulation was safe and effective in the study population. Two minor surgical complications were corrected surgically. Overall, these data suggest that pediatric HGN stimulation appears to be a safe and effective therapy for children with DS and refractory severe OSA.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E263–E267, 2020
Knockdown of XB130 restrains cancer stem cell‐like phenotype through inhibition of Wnt/β‐Catenin signaling in breast cancer
Authors: Xie Tian , Jiang Chao , Dai Ting , Xu Rui , Zhou Xiang , Su Xiaobo , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a subset of cancer cells that possess stem cell properties, which plays a crucial role in the occurrence, metastasis, and recurrence of the tumor. XB130 is a novel adapter protein potentially serves as a functional factor in CSCs. To determine the role of CSCs in breast cancer, we focused on the study of XB130. In our study, we found that XB130 expression was signiﬁcantly upregulated in breast cancer and was closely related to the clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Functionally, we found that knockdown of XB130 was not only played an important role in proliferation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis in breast cancer cells but also exhibited potent antitumor activity in animal tumor models. Moreover, we demonstrated that silencing endogenous XB130 regulated the cancer stem cell‐like properties of breast cancer, including the formation of self‐renewing spheres and the proportion of breast cancer SP+ cells. Mechanistically, our studies indicated that downregulation of XB130 restrained the EMT and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, so as to weaken the tumor‐initiating cell‐like phenotype of breast cancer cells. This study indicates that XB130 plays an important role in maintaining the EMT and stem cell‐like characteristics of breast cancer cells, supporting the significance of XB130 as a new potential therapeutic target for early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
A monopole antenna with butterfly‐like coupling slot for multiple input multiple output applications
Authors: Zhou Jian‐Hua , He Xian‐Hui , Nie Jing , You Bai‐Qiang , Li Wei‐Wen , Zhang Kai‐Shuang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe work presented in this article is focused on the design of an omni‐directional and dual‐frequency antenna for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications. The proposed antenna consists of a monopole with a pair of L‐shaped strips and a butterfly‐like coupling slot, excited by a coplanar waveguide and a proximity coupling, respectively. Using two completely different elements and exciting multimode orthogonal characteristics current, high isolation for two ports is achieved. To improve the stability of input impedance, a gradient arc structure between the microstrip line and monopole element is adopted. The designed MIMO antenna provides port isolation of better than −20 dB and envelope correlation of lower than 0.02, at two resonant frequencies covering WLAN/WiMAX bands.
Relationships between NMR shifts and interaction energies in biphenyls, alkanes, aza‐alkanes, and oxa‐alkanes with X─H…H─Y and X─H…Z (X, Y = C or N; Z = N or O) hydrogen bonding
Authors: Lomas John S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrogen–hydrogen C─H…H─C bonding between the bay‐area hydrogens in biphenyls, and more generally in congested alkanes, very strained polycyclic alkanes, and cis‐2‐butene, has been investigated by calculation of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shifts and atom–atom interaction energies. Computed NMR shifts for all protons in the biphenyl derivatives correlate very well with experimental data, with zero intercept, unit slope, and a root mean square deviation of 0.06 ppm. For some congested alkanes, there is generally good agreement between computed values for a selected conformer and the experimental data, when it is available. In both cases, the shift of a given proton or pair of protons tends to increase with the corresponding interaction energy. Computed NMR shift differences for methylene protons in polycyclic alkanes, where one is involved in a very short contact (“in”) and the other is not (“out”), show a rough correlation with the corresponding C─H…H─C exchange energies. The “in” and “in,in” isomers of selected aza‐ and diaza‐cycloalkanes, respectively, are X─H…H─N hydrogen bonded, whereas the “out” and “in,out” isomers display X─H…N hydrogen bonds (X = C or N). Oxa‐alkanes and the “in” isomers of aza–oxa‐alkanes are X─H…O hydrogen bonded. There is a very good general correlation, including both N─H…H─Y (Y = C or N) and N─H…Z (Z = N or O) interactions, for NH proton shifts against the exchange energy. For “in” CH protons, the data for the different C─H…H─Y and C─H…Z interactions are much more dispersed and the overall shift/exchange energy correlation is less satisfactory.
Size-Dependent Retention of Pelagic-Oriented Kokanee in Multimesh Gill Nets
Authors: Hansen Adam G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recent studies evaluating the size selectivity of standard, horizontal, benthic gill nets for some common sport fish have demonstrated congruence across regions and gear configurations. Studies evaluating retention in gill nets designed to sample pelagic-oriented fish (e.g., vertical and curtain nets) are rare, which has limited corresponding assessments of generality. This study estimated the retention of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (lacustrine Sockeye Salmon) in multimesh vertical gill nets using catch data compiled over three decades from a large montane reservoir in Colorado. The corresponding best-fit retention model was compared with that developed for kokanee in Idaho using multimesh curtain nets. There was strong congruence (Pearson's r = 0.98) between the total retention values (integrated over all mesh sizes) estimated by the two models for kokanee 50–430 mm total length, and the values followed a 1:1 relationship. This result indicated that the retention of fish in pelagic gill nets may also be largely conserved across regions and gear configurations. Thus, the retention models for kokanee compared in this study should be flexible and broadly applicable. These properties enable practitioners to easily adjust length-frequency distributions for bias arising from size-dependent retention when minimally biased estimates of size structure are needed for addressing management or research questions.
Effective MDR reversers through phytochemical study of Euphorbia boetica
Authors: Neto Sara , Duarte Noélia , Pedro Cecília , Spengler Gabriella , Molnár Joséph , Ferreira Maria‐José U. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionMacrocyclic diterpenes from Euphorbia species were found to be promising modulators of multidrug resistance (MDR), a complex phenomenon that hampers the effectiveness of cancer therapy.ObjectiveTo find new effective MDR reversers through the phytochemical study of E. boetica, including isolation and molecular derivatisation.Material and methodsThe phytochemical study of E. boetica was performed through chromatographic techniques. Preliminary analysis of crude chromatographic fractions from the methanol extract was carried out by 1H‐NMR in order to prioritise the study of those having macrocyclic diterpenes. Polyamide resin was used to remove chlorophylls. Molecular derivatisation of isolated compounds comprised hydrolysis, reduction and acylation reactions. The structural identification of compounds was performed through analysis of spectroscopic data, mainly one‐dimensional‐ and two‐dimensional‐NMR. The MDR reversing activity was assessed using a combination of transport and chemosensitivity assays, in mouse lymphoma (L5178Y‐MDR) and Colo320 cell models.ResultsThe 1H‐NMR study of crude fractions and application of a straightforward method to remove chlorophylls, allowed the effortless isolation of two lathyrane‐type diterpenes in large amounts, including the new polyester, euphoboetirane B (1). Taking advantage of the chemical functions of 1, 13 new derivatives were prepared. Several compounds showed to be promising modulators of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), in resistant cancer cells. Most of the compounds tested revealed to interact synergistically with doxorubicin.ConclusionThese results corroborate the importance of macrocyclic lathyrane diterpenes as effective lead compounds for the reversal of MDR.
Fetal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita/fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS)—Aetiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Niles Kirsten M. , Blaser Susan , Shannon Patrick , Chitayat David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) refers to an aetiologically heterogenous condition, which consists of joint contractures affecting two or more joints starting prenatally. The incidence is approximately one in 3000 live births; however, the prenatal incidence is higher, indicating a high intrauterine mortality. Over 320 genes have been implicated showing the genetic heterogeneity of the condition. AMC can be of extrinsic aetiology resulting from intrauterine crowding secondary to congenital structural uterine abnormalities (eg, bicornuate or septate uterus), uterine tumors (eg, fibroid), or multifetal pregnancy or intrinsic/primary/fetal aetiology, due to functional abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, muscles, bones, restrictive dermopathies, tendons and joints. Unlike many of the intrinsic/primary/fetal causes which are difficult to treat, secondary AMC can be treated by physiotherapy with good response. Primary cases may present prenatally with fetal akinesia associated with joint contractures and occasionally brain abnormalities, decreased muscle bulk, polyhydramnios, and nonvertex presentation while the secondary cases usually present with isolated contractures. Complete prenatal and postnatal investigations are needed to identify an underlying aetiology and provide information regarding its prognosis and inheritance, which is critical for the obstetrical care providers and families to optimize the pregnancy management and address future reproductive plans.
Using natural language processing of clinical text to enhance identification of opioid‐related overdoses in electronic health records data
Authors: Hazlehurst Brian , Green Carla A. , Perrin Nancy A. , Brandes John , Carrell David S. , Baer Andrew , DeVeaugh‐Geiss Angela , Coplan Paul M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo enhance automated methods for accurately identifying opioid‐related overdoses and classifying types of overdose using electronic health record (EHR) databases.MethodsWe developed a natural language processing (NLP) software application to code clinical text documentation of overdose, including identification of intention for self‐harm, substances involved, substance abuse, and error in medication usage. Using datasets balanced with cases of suspected overdose and records of individuals at elevated risk for overdose, we developed and validated the application using Kaiser Permanente Northwest data, then tested portability of the application using Kaiser Permanente Washington data. Datasets were chart‐reviewed to provide a gold standard for comparison and evaluation of the automated method.ResultsThe method performed well in identifying overdose (sensitivity = 0.80, specificity = 0.93), intentional overdose (sensitivity = 0.81, specificity = 0.98), and involvement of opioids (excluding heroin, sensitivity = 0.72, specificity = 0.96) and heroin (sensitivity = 0.84, specificity = 1.0). The method performed poorly at identifying adverse drug reactions and overdose due to patient error and fairly at identifying substance abuse in opioid‐related unintentional overdose (sensitivity = 0.67, specificity = 0.96). Evaluation using validation datasets yielded significant reductions, in specificity and negative predictive values only, for many classifications mentioned above. However, these measures remained above 0.80, thus, performance observed during development was largely maintained during validation. Similar results were obtained when evaluating portability, although there was a significant reduction in sensitivity for unintentional overdose that was attributed to missing text clinical notes in the database.ConclusionsMethods that process text clinical notes show promise for improving accuracy and fidelity at identifying and classifying overdoses according to type using EHR data.
Enhanced performance of GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells under high concentration through Pd/Ge/Ti/Pd/Al grid metallization
Authors: Huo Pengyun , Lombardero Iván , García Iván , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeries resistance is the key limiting factor that constrains the electrical performance of solar cells under ultra‐high concentration. Typically, the most critical component of the series resistance is that stemming from the front contact, and therefore, the formation of front metal grids with low metal–semiconductor specific contact resistance and low metal sheet resistance is vital for high concentrator solar cells. Consequently, in this study, a novel Pd/Ge/Ti/Pd/Al metal stack has been proposed and implemented on a GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cell. This system exhibits low metal resistivity due to the middle Ti/Pd barrier layer hindering the diffusion and contamination between the GaAs semiconductor and top conductive metal layer, and very low specific contact resistance because of the Pd/Ge layer forming an interfacial layer with the GaAs cap which increases the electron tunneling probability. As a result, the fill factor of the solar cell remains almost constant and close to 90% in the 250× to 1500× range, while efficiency keeps on increasing even at the maximum concentration measured of 1500×. Its performance and cost‐effectiveness make this contact a compelling solution to extend solar cell operation in the ultra‐high concentration regime.
The Biomineralization Proteome: Protein Complexity for a Complex Bioceramic Assembly Process
Authors: Evans John Spencer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere are over 62 different biominerals on Earth and a diverse array of organisms that generate these biominerals for survival. This review will introduce the process of biomineralization and the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mineral formation, and then comparatively explore the representative secretomes of two well‐documented skeletal systems: vertebrate bone (calcium phosphate) and invertebrate mollusk shell (calcium carbonate). It is found that both skeletal secretomes have gross similarities and possess proteins that fall into four functional categories: matrix formers, nucleation assisters, communicators, and remodelers. In many cases the mineral‐associated matrix former and nucleation assister sequences in both skeletal systems are unique and possess interactive conserved globular domains, intrinsic disorder, post‐translational modifications, sequence redundancy, and amyloid‐like aggregation‐prone sequences. Together, these molecular features create a protein‐based environment that facilitates mineral formation and organization and argue in favor of conserved features that evolve from the mollusk shell to bone. Interestingly, the mollusk shell secretome appears to be more complex compared to that of bone tissue, in that there are numerous protein subcategories that are required for the nucleation and organization of inner (nacre) and outer (prismatic) calcium carbonate regions of the shell. This may reflect the organizational and material requirements of an exoskeletal protective system.
The human NMDA receptor GluN2AN615K variant influences channel blocker potency
Authors: Marwick Katie F. M. , Skehel Paul A. , Hardingham Giles E. , Wyllie David J. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are glutamate receptors with key roles in synaptic plasticity, due in part to their Mg2+ mediated voltage‐dependence. A large number of genetic variants affecting NMDA receptor subunits have been found in people with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including GluN2AN615K (GRIN2AC1845A) in two unrelated individuals with severe epileptic encephalopathy. This missense variant substitutes a lysine in place of an asparagine known to be important for blockade by Mg2+ and other small molecule channel blockers. We therefore measured the impact of GluN2AN615K on a range of NMDA receptor channel blockers using two‐electrode voltage clamp recordings made in Xenopus oocytes. We found that GluN2AN615K resulted in block by Mg2+ 1 mmol/L being greatly reduced (89% vs 8%), block by memantine 10 μmol/L (76% vs 27%) and amantadine 100 μmol/L (45% vs 17%) being substantially reduced, block by ketamine 10 μmol/L being modestly reduced (79% vs 73%) and block by dextromethorphan 10 μmol/L being enhanced (45% vs 55%). Coapplying Mg2+ with memantine or amantadine did not reduce the GluN2AN615K block seen with either small molecule. In addition, we measured single–channel conductance of GluN2AN615K–containing NMDA receptors in outside‐out patches pulled from Xenopus oocytes, finding a 4‐fold reduction in conductance (58 vs 15 pS). In conclusion, the GluN2AN615K variant is associated with substantial changes to important physiological and pharmacological properties of the NMDA receptor. Our findings are consistent with GluN2AN615K having a disease–causing role, and inform potential therapeutic strategies.
Influence of quasi‐biennial oscillation on the boreal winter extratropical stratosphere in QBOi experiments
Authors: Naoe Hiroaki , Yoshida Kohei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the Holton–Tan (HT) relationship based on re‐analyses and co‐ordinated experiments for present‐day and warming scenarios within the SPARC Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) using Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI‐ESM2.0). The aim is to explore to what extent global warming modulates the HT mechanism in the effect of the QBO on the polar vortex. The simulations of the present‐day conditions reproduce the zonal wind composite differences in the re‐analysis; however, there are some discrepancies. In regions near the QBO (i.e. 20–40°N), there is good agreement between the simulations and the re‐analysis. Examples include the midlatitude (∼30°N) lower (middle) stratosphere Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux convergence (divergence) anomalies between the easterly phase and the westerly phase of the QBO, which are common in the re‐analysis and in the present‐day and warming simulations. The influence of the QBO on the midlatitude lower stratosphere is associated with an effective waveguide for enhanced upward‐propagating Rossby waves near the subtropical jet. At high latitudes, the significant (less significant) convergence anomalies of significant horizontal EP fluxes in the middle stratosphere are dominant in the re‐analysis (the present‐day simulations). In the warming scenarios, the QBO signatures of the zonal wind are strengthened with the significant EP flux convergence anomalies of less significant upward‐propagating waves inside the polar vortex above 20 hPa. These results suggest that fundamental mechanisms behind the HT effect in regions near the QBO can be explained by enhanced upward‐propagating waves associated with an effective waveguide (by inhibiting equatorward‐refracting upward waves) in the lower‐to‐mid stratosphere. In the warming scenarios, however, HT mechanisms, especially inside the polar vortex, may have another pathway, different from that of the present‐day climate.