bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Genetic Variant rs13266634 in SLC30A8/ZnT8 in Postoperative Hyperglycemia After Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Brunke-Reese Deborah , Ssentongo Paddy , Ssentongo Anna E , Phillips Brett E , Pauli Eric M , Berg Arthur , Kelleher Shannon L , Soybel David I 
Published: April 2019

AbstractContextFollowing major surgery, postoperative hyperglycemia (POHG) is associated with suboptimal outcomes among patients with diabetes and nondiabetic patients. A specific genetic variant, rs13266634 (c.973C>T; p.ARG325TRP) in zinc transporter SLC30A8/ZnT8, is associated with protection against type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggesting it may be actionable for predicting and preventing POHG.ObjectiveTo determine independent and mediated influences of a genetic variant on POHG in patients undergoing a model major operation, complex ventral hernia repair (cVHR).Patients and DesignFor 110 patients (mean body mass index, 34.9 ± 5.8; T2D history, 28%) undergoing cVHR at a tertiary referral center (January 2012 to March 2017), multivariable regression was used to correlate the rs13266634 variant to preoperative clinical, laboratory, and imaging-based indices of liver steatosis and central abdominal adiposity to POHG. Causal mediation analysis (CMA) was used to determine direct and mediated contributions of SLC30A8/ZnT8 status to POHG.ResultsVariant rs13266634 was present in 61 patients (55.4%). In univariate models, when compared with patients with homozygous wild-type genotype (C/C, n = 49), rs13266634 was associated with significantly lower risks of POHG (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.67; P = 0.0038). Multivariable regression indicated that the association was independent (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.97; P = 0.040). Additionally, CMA suggested that rs13266634 protects against POHG directly and indirectly through its influence on liver steatosis and central adiposity.ConclusionsIn medically complex patients undergoing major operations, the rs13266634 variant protects against POHG and its associated outcomes, through independent and mediated contributions. In C/C patients undergoing major operations, SLC30A8/ZnT8 may prove useful to stratify the risk of POHG and potentially as a therapeutic target.
Nanoarchitectonics: A New Materials Horizon for Prussian Blue and Its Analogues
Authors: Azhar Alowasheeir , Li Yucen , Cai Zexing , Zakaria Mohamed Barakat , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Hossain Md Shahriar A , Kim Jeonghun , Zhang Wei , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hu Ming 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Although porous materials based on coordination compounds, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous coordination polymers (PCPs), have well-defined pore structures and promising properties, they can efficiently be prepared by conventional and facile methods. Among coordination compounds, Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBA) show high physical/chemical properties and potential as a multifunctional platform for various applications such as information records, sensing, batteries, biomedicine, imaging, and water purification. This review introduces versatile paths for nano- and meso-structural controls and demonstrates strong relationship between nanoarchitectures and properties with regard to PB and PBAs. This review will provide some guidance for future derivations of nanoarchitectonics based on coordination compounds which are PB and PBA.
Proskynēsis: From a Persian Court Protocol to a Greek Religious Practice
Authors: Abe Takuji 
Published: April 2019

Greek ambassadors who were granted an audience before the Persian King were required to observe a certain form of court ritual. Although the Persian proper name for this ritual has since been lost to us, the Greeks called this act of homage proskynēsis; a term normally understood to refer to the act of “falling down” and prostrating oneself before the king. At the same time, the Greeks employed a gesture also called proskynēsis, which was performed when addressing a divine entity. These two acts, while different in their functions, shared the same name on the basis that their outward appearances bore a co- incidental likeness to each other. Greek ambassadors, who would have come to Susa for the purpose of petitioning assistance from the Great King, were rigorously hesitant to follow the Persian practice, arguing that the religious practice of proskynēsiswas reserved exclusively for the divine among them. In this paper, I endeavour to elucidate the true nature of this Persian court pro- tocol, and to show why the Greeks were so unwilling to perform this ceremo- nial act. I conclude that the normal posture of the Persian proskynēsis was most represented by that of a bow with a hand raised up to the mouth, the depth of the bow being dependent on the ethnicity of those performing it and their relative status. In contrast to the Greek version, this Persian proskynēsiswas a rather secular practice, serving to authenticate social hierarchy between su- periors and inferiors. Even though some of the Greek ambassadors must have been aware of this, or perhaps as a direct result of this understanding, they remained loath to accept the insult that offering proskynēsiswould cause to the belief of their perceived freedom from Persian subjugation.
To Build or to Buy? The Role of Local Information in Credit Market Development
Authors: Wang Teng 
Published: April 2019

Exploiting the heterogeneity in legal constraints on local bank employees’ mobility, I show that access to local information influences banks’ modes of expansion. As restrictions on interbank labor mobility are relaxed, banks entering a new market establish branches directly instead of acquiring incumbent branches, resulting in a shift of composition of entrants. The treatment effect is strengthened when information asymmetries between local banks and entrants are severe. Furthermore, I find a surge in the volume and a reduction in the rates of local small business loans originated by surrounding incumbent banks after the entry of outside banks, especially after entrants establish new branches. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Liquidity Premium in the Eye of the Beholder: An Analysis of the Clientele Effect in the Corporate Bond Market
Authors: Chen Xuanjuan , Huang Jing-Zhi , Sun Zhenzhen , Yao Tong , Yu Tong 
Published: April 2019

This paper examines how liquidity and investors’ heterogeneous liquidity preferences interact to affect asset pricing. Using data on insurers’ corporate bond holdings, we find that illiquidity of corporate bond portfolios varies widely and persistently across insurers and is related to insurers’ investment horizon and funding constraint, consistent with the notion of liquidity clientele. We further find that liquidity clientele affects corporate bond prices—specifically, liquidity premia are lower among corporate bonds heavily held by investors with weaker preference for liquidity. This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Penile cancer
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: April 2019

Cancer of the penis, in the UK, is rare. This article provides the healthcare assistant and the assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with an overview of the anatomy of the penis, the frequency of penile cancer and those factors that may put a man at risk of developing cancer of the penis. The signs and symptoms associated with penile cancer are discussed, as well as the methods used to make a diagnosis. Once a diagnosis is made, the staging and grading of the cancer can be undertaken and this will then determine treatment options that are available. A discussion regarding preventative measures is offered. A glossary of key terms and five multiple-choice questions are also provided..
Providing contraception for perimenopausal women
Authors: Vaughan Alison 
Published: April 2019

Perimenopausal women may come to practice nurses seeking contraception advice, and there are several options to choose from. Alison Vaughan explains the most appropriate methods while emphasising that every woman is different and will require personalised care Effective contraception is required until menopause to prevent an unplanned pregnancy, despite a natural decline in fertility with age. Spontaneous pregnancy is rare over age 50, and pregnancy and childbirth after the age of 40 are associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes for mother and baby. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not provide protection against pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. Any woman over 40 years old with a significant change in menstrual bleeding should have an appropriate gynaecology assessment. Contraception does not affect the onset or duration of menopausal symptoms but it may mask the signs and symptoms of menopause. Age-related increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and cancer may affect choice of contraceptive method. Any copper intrauterine device fitted at 40 years or above can be left in situ until 1 year postmenopause, when menopause is typically diagnosed. If menopause occurs when the woman is 50 years or above. A Mirena® levonorgestral intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) fitted at 45 years or above, for contraception only, can remain in situ until the age of 55. However, a Kyleena®LNG-IUS needs to be replaced after 5 years regardless of age. A Mirena fitted to protect the endometrium as part of a HRT regime can be used for 5 years as endometrial protection. A Mirena fitted to control dysfunctional uterine bleeding in a woman who no longer needs contraception, because for example she or her partner have been sterilised, can keep the device until it no longer confers any benefit or until the age 55 years. No one contraceptive method suits all perimenopausal women; choice should be tailored to the individual as all women experience symptoms of perimenopause differently.
О НЕМЕЦКИХ КОММЕНТАРИЯХ КАК ТИПЕ ТЕКСТА
Authors: Mushchinina Maria 
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются особенности немецких комментариев к законам: история возникновения и развития этого типа текстов, их функция в немецкой юридической системе, а также их типология. Кроме того, проводятся некоторые параллели с российскими комментариями. Немецкие комментарии являются важнейшим источником информации во всех сферах юридической деятельности и связующим звеном между юридической практикой и юриспруденцией. Они сопровождают немецких юристов со студенческой скамьи в течение всей профессиональной жизни. Комментарии в значительной степени влияют и на судопроизводство, и на законотворчество, и на развитие всей правовой системы. Они обладают в немецкой правовой системе настолько большим весом, что могут формировать так называемое «господствующее мнение» (herrschende Meinung) – мнение по определенному вопросу, которого придерживается большинство специалистов и которому, как правило, следуют судьи.
Возникнув в начале 19 века в рамках научного дискурса, комментарии вскоре получили применение и в юридической практике. Богатые традиции составления комментариев обусловливают высочайшие требования к их структуре и содержанию современных немецких комментариев. В статье на примере нескольких комментариев к Гражданскому уложению Германии (BGB) рассматриваются отличительные особенности их основных типов. В частности, речь идет о наиболее подробных «больших» комментариях (Großkommentare), «кратких» комментариях (Kurzkommentare), для которых характерно предельно сжатое представление большого объема информации, «практических» комментариях (Handkommentare) для каждодневного пользования и «учебных» комментариях (Studienkommentare), которые составляются прежде всего для студентов юридических факультетов.
АНТИКОРРУПЦИОННАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ НОРМАТИВНЫХ ПРАВОВЫХ АКТОВ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПОИСК ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ
Authors: Kazantseva Olesya 
Published: April 2019

Статья посвящена анализу современного состояния института антикоррупционной экспертизы муниципальных правовых актов и их проектов в Российской Федерации. Антикоррупционная экспертиза является одним из направлений государственной антикоррупционной политики. В России за достаточно короткий срок сформирована правовая основа для проведения антикоррупционной экспертизы, однако имеются некоторые недостатки в правовом регулировании антикоррупционной экспертизы муниципальных нормативных правовых актов и их проектов, что порождает проблемы при ее осуществлении. К сожалению, следует признать, что законодатель не уделяет должного внимания вопросам противодействия коррупции на муниципальном уровне. Базовый Федеральный закон от 6 октября 2003 г. № 131-ФЗ «Об общих принципах организации местного самоуправления в Российской Федерации» содержит лишь небольшое количество норм, регламентирующих антикоррупционную деятельность и только в части вопросов местного значения всех типов муниципальных образований. Правовые и организационные основы антикоррупционной экспертизы нормативных правовых актов и проектов нормативных правовых актов в целях выявления в них коррупциогенных факторов и их последующего устранения содержатся в Федеральном законе от 03 июля 2009 года №172-ФЗ «Об антикоррупционной экспертизе нормативных правовых актов и проектов нормативных правовых актов», применение норм которого вызывает больше вопросов, нежели ответов. Так, например, возникает вопрос о правомочности органов государственной власти субъектов РФ проводить антикоррупционную экспертизу муниципальных нормативных правовых актов, поскольку в качестве субъектов ее проведения они в законе не называются.
В результате анализа действующей правовой базы и правоприменительной практики автор выявляет имеющиеся недостатки в институте антикорруционной экспертизы, выявляет их основные причины и предлагает пути их решения.
Exile Experiences and the Transformations of Religious Cultures in the Sixteenth Century: Wesel, London, Emden, and Frankenthal
Authors: Spohnholz Jesse 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This essay compares the experiences of Netherlandish Protestants who fled Habsburg persecution in the late sixteenth century in their three largest exile communities – Wesel, London and Emden. Previous scholars have emphasized that exile encouraged Netherlandish Protestants to develop more confessionally Calvinist ideas and to embrace a more volunteeristic understanding of faith, which could (and should) operate independent from government oversight. Further, scholars have suggested that Calvinism flourished in exile because its strict church discipline held fractured communities together. This essay reassesses these conclusions by examining the diversity of ideas circulating in exile communities, the flexibility of migrant churches to local conditions, the continued frustrations of pastors and elders in achieving their disciplinary objectives, and the repeated assurances among exile leaders of their obedience to political authorities. It concludes by suggesting that a newly founded exile community, Frankenthal, might be the closest to the model Reformed community proposed by scholars, but notes that it only ever attracted few Netherlandish Protestants.
Unified Formalism for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers
Authors: Khan G. R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A comprehensive and integrated exact analytical formalism is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers (EDFALs) in one single configuration based on solutions of a system of rate and propagation equations represented by a homogenously broadened four band transition scheme while incorporating amplified spontaneous emission and excited state absorption effects. The formalism, under steady-state conditions, concurrently provides considerable insight into physical characteristics underlying phenomena pertinent to EDFALs and allows precise evaluation of behavior exhibited by EDFALs through a judicious selection of pump intensity and fiber length in standard eye-safe low-erbium concentration uniformly doped mono-mode silica glass fibers in co- and counter- propagating directions appropriate to signal, pump and ASE regimes.
The role of case and animacy in bi-and monolingual children’s sentence interpretation in German: a developmental perspective
Authors: Gamper Jana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGerman-speaking children appear to have a strong N1-bias when interpreting non-canonical OVSsentences. During sentence interpretation, especially unambiguous accusative and dative case markers (den‘the-ACC’ anddem‘the-DAT’) weaken the N1-bias and help building up sentence interpretation strategies on the basis of morphological cues. Still, the N1-bias prevails beyond the age of five (Brandt et al. 2016, Cristante 2016, Dittmar et al. 2008) and remains until puberty (Lidzba et al. 2013). This paper investigates whether prototypical case-animacy coalitions (denACC+ NINANIMATEanddemDAT+ NANIMATE) strengthen a morphologically based sentence interpretation strategy in German. The experiment discussed in this paper tests for effects of such case-animacy coalitions in mono- and bilingual primary school children. 20 German monolinguals, 12 Dutch-German and 17 Russian-German bilinguals with a mean age of 9;6 were tested in a forced-choice off-line experiment. Results indicate that case-animacy coalitions weaken the N1-bias in OVS-conditions in German monolinguals and Dutch-German bilinguals, while no effects were found for Russian-German bilinguals. Together with an analysis of individual differences, these group-specific effects are discussed in terms of a developmental approach that represents a gradual cue strength adjustment process in mono- and bilingual children.
KULLANICILARININ AKILLI TELEFONLARI DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: KASTAMONU ŞEHİR MERKEZİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Taner Neslişah 
Published: April 2019

Son yıllarda, cep telefonu bir kişilerarası iletişim cihazından akıllı telefon olarak bilinen bir multimedya makinesine dönüşmüştür. Akıllı telefon olarak atfedilen bu cihazlar, tüketicilere günlük kişisel ve iş hayatlarında gelişmiş yetenek ve özellikler sunan, programlanabilir cep telefonlarıdır. Hızla değişen cep telefonu pazarında yeni nesil akıllı telefon üreticileri, toplumsal baskının da etkisiyle tüketicileri bu yeni teknolojiyi satın almaya ve kullanmaya yöneltmektedir. Farklı özellikleriyle çok fonksiyonlu teknolojik araçlar olarak sunulan akıllı telefonların, kullanıcıları tarafından hangi kriterler açısından tercih edildiğinin ve hangi özelliklerinin kullanılıp hangilerinin kullanılmadığının tespit edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın ana amacı, akıllı telefonların kullanıcıları tarafından değerlendirmelerini ölçmeye çalışmaktır. Literatür incelemesi sonucu elde edilen akıllı telefonları değerlendirme kriterleri- sosyal ihtiyaç, sosyal baskı, bağımlılık, hayatı kolaylaştırma- incelenmiştir. . Çalışma kapsamında Kastamonu şehir merkezinde yaşayan 200 akıllı telefon kullanıcısına yönelik anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Anket yoluyla elde edilen bilgilere Yüzde Analizi, Mertebeli Dereceleme, uygulanması sonucu Analizler sonucunda kullanıcıların akıllı telefonları tercih nedenleri, kullanım ve bağımlılık düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde yer alan faktörler doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi (MANOVA) ile demografik özelliklerine göre gruplara ayrılan akıllı telefon kullanıcılarının değerlendirmeleri karşılaştırılarak aralarında fark olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Winter positions of Arctic front during periods of cooling and warming
Authors: Mikhailov A. Yu. , Zolotokrylin A. N. , Titkova T. B. 
Published: April 2019

Winter positions of the Arctic front (AF) during the known periods of the climate cooling (1949–1980) and warming (1981–2012) were analyzed within the sector 10° W – 60° E. The AF positios were determined by the following indicators: 1) a surface pressure; 2) horizontal wind divergence; 3) geostrophic vortex; 4) geostrophic heat advection. The main extrema of these four dynamic characteristics coincide and fall on the latitude 72.5° N. This corresponds to the average position of the AF for a given resolution and confirms correctness of our choice of these characteristics as the AF indicators. Relative differences between mean profiles of all values of the above warm and cold periods were calculated using method of normalization of each value for the corresponding latitude by the standard deviation for the entire period (1949–2012). To study variability of the AF position we used mean yearly winter profiles of the variables under investigation together with the statistical analysis of positions of the extrema within the latitude degrees. For pressure and geostrophic advection positions of the absolute minima were determined while for geostrophic vortex and divergence – positions of the absolute maxima. The data show that according to different criteria the AF average positions for the period 1949–2012 lie within the zone 72.4–73.4 N. The interannual variability of the AF positions lies within the 1–2 degrees of latitude and corresponds to the range of the air temperature variability above the zone of maximal changes in the sea ice area. According to the standard deviation values of the divergence and the geostrophic vortex are the most stable in region of the AF passage. Comparison of differences of the studied characteristics between the warm and cold periods shows that the changes in the AF positions are not statistically significant (P(t) < 91% t‑criterion) unlike the changes in positions of isolines which characterize the warming (P(t) = 100%). Thus, despite significant changes in properties of the surface and the temperature regime to the north of 72.5 N (the warming), according to all the criteria the AF climatic position remains quasi‑stationary for 32‑year periods of averaging.
Rock glaciers in the Suntar‑Khayata Range
Authors: Lytkin V. M. , Galanin A. A. 
Published: April 2019

The remote map‑making technique and results of field investigations made possible for the first time to reveal a great number of rock glaciers within the area of the Suntar‑Khayata Range (North‑East Asia). A total of 540 formations were identified. Among them, 47 rock glaciers were classified as corrie (cirque) tongue‑shaped formations and 493 ones – as niche lobe‑shaped (single‑ and multi‑lobe) rock glaciers. Occurrence of such formations is 8.4/100 km2, that is the largest in the North‑East Asia. The rock glaciers in this region are found within a range of true altitudes from 1297 up to 2402 m asl. The majority of active features, however, are confined to the interval between 1500 and 1900 m asl. Rock glaciers occur in the altitudinal range of 1297 to 2402 m asl. The majority of active features, however, are confined to the interval between 1500 and 1900 m asl, and the main part of active formations is located within the range of 1500‑2500 m. The frequency analysis of true altitudes of the rock‑glacier occurrence indicates that their formation can be caused by the hypsometry of the region relation to morphoclimatic zonality.
Coastal fast ice in the Shokalski Strait
Authors: Borodkin V. A. , Makshtas A. P. , Bogorodsky P. V. 
Published: April 2019

Field investigations of coastal fast ice near the research station Ice Base on the «Cape Baranova», carried out in 2013–2014, made possible to reveal a number of characteristics of the sea ice cover formation. It has been shown that during winter and early spring the sea ice thickness, being formed due to intensive snow drift and caused by that flooding of the ice cover just near the coast of the Bolshevik Island, substantially grows at its upper boundary, that is typical for the Antarctic seas. At the same time, similar process of the ice growth at a relatively short distance from the coast shows all features characteristic for the ice cover in the Arctic seas, and that is well reproduced by the conceptual numerical sea ice model. Thus, the region of the Ice Base «Cape Baranova» represents a natural laboratory for studying the processes of the sea ice formation in both, the Arctic and Antarctic seas under condition of the same atmospheric forcing. Transformation of the fast ice structure during the summer time is described. Results of the investigations has demonstrated that despite the radical changes in the structure thicknesses of the fast ice remained almost unchanged due to the ice growth on the bottom boundary of the ice cover until a destruction of it in August.