bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Evaluation and Simulation Modeling of Length Limits and their Effects on Fishery Quality for Muskellunge in the New River, Virginia
Authors: Doss Sasha S. , Murphy Brian R. , Castello Leandro , Williams Joseph A. , Copeland John , DiCenzo Victor J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The trophy fisheries for Muskellunge Esox masquinongy in the northern U.S.A. and Canada often are developed and maintained by using high minimum-length limits (MLLs). However, the effectiveness of using such MLLs on southern-latitude Muskellunge populations, which have different rates of growth and mortality, warrants further research. The Muskellunge fishery in the New River, Virginia, was managed under a 30-in (75 cm) MLL until 2006 when the MLL was increased to 42 in (105 cm) to increase the abundance of large Muskellunge. We measured fishery quality before and after the institution of the 42-in MLL using size structure, average individual condition, rates of growth and mortality, and CPUE. We also assessed the potential of alternative length regulations (other MLLs and a 40–48-in protected-slot limit) to improve the population's size structure and trophy production using simulation models in the Fisheries Analyses and Modeling Simulator (FAMS) program. Following the institution of the 42-in MLL, we observed a 5-in increase in the average size of Muskellunge, an increase in the population's size structure with greater proportions of memorable-size individuals (≥42 in) and an increase in the abundance of memorable-size Muskellunge. However, declines in the average condition, i.e., relative weight (Wr), of large Muskellunge (≥38 in) suggest there is possible stockpiling of individuals just below the 42-in length limit. Higher MLLs (e.g., 48-in MLL) could further improve fishery quality by increasing the survival of Muskellunge to large trophy sizes (≥50 in). However, managers should be wary of stockpiling under alternative MLLs as well. Furthermore, a higher MLL is unlikely to garner broad angler support in this system. Conversely, a protected-slot limit that allows the production of some trophy-sized Muskellunge while reducing the overall number of individuals, and that limits potential for stockpiling, may be a more agreeable regulatory option for New River fishery managers. These findings and the methods described within this study may be useful for fisheries managers working on other Muskellunge fisheries in southern systems.
Intravenous fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced vomiting in children: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase III randomized trial
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Joshi Archit , Ramamoorthy Jaikumar , Rajaraman Swaminathan , Ganesan Prasanth , Ganesan Trivadi S. , Dhanushkodi Manikandan , Sagar Tenali G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFosaprepitant is a neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, approved for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. The data on the use of fosaprepitant in children are limited and therefore we conducted a phase III randomized controlled trial.ProcedureChildren aged 1‐12 years scheduled to receive moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy were randomly assigned to arm‐A (fosaprepitant) or arm‐B (placebo). Children recruited to arm‐A received intravenous ondansetron plus dexamethasone followed by fosaprepitant infusion. Children recruited to arm‐B received the same drugs as those given to children in arm‐A, except that fosaprepitant was substituted with a placebo. Ondansetron and dexamethasone were continued for 48 hours after completion of chemotherapy. The primary end point of the study was to determine the proportion of patients who achieved a complete response (CR), defined as no vomiting, no retching, and no use of rescue medication, during the 24‐120 hours (delayed phase) after administration of the last dose of chemotherapy. Secondary end points were the proportion of patients who achieved a CR during the acute phase (0‐24 hours) and overall after administration of the last dose of chemotherapy.ResultsOne‐hundred‐sixty‐three patients were analyzed (81 in the fosaprepitant arm and 82 in the placebo arm). CR rates were significantly higher in the fosaprepitant arm compared to those in the placebo arm during the acute phase (86% vs 60%, P < 0.001), delayed phase (79% vs 51%, P < 0.001), and overall phase (70% vs 41%, P < 0.001). Three (4%) patients in the fosaprepitant arm and sixteen (20%) in the placebo arm required rescue anti‐emetics (P = 0.0017).ConclusionAddition of fosaprepitant to ondansetron and dexamethasone improved chemotherapy‐induced vomiting control in children treated with moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Robust adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control for uncertain linear systems with time‐varying performance bounds
Authors: Xiao Shuyi , Dong Jiuxiang 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of robust adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control with time‐varying performance bounds is investigated for a class of linear systems subject to parameter uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator failures. In order to ensure the norm of the tracking error less than the user‐defined time‐varying performance bounds, we propose a new control strategy which is predicated on the generalized restricted potential function. Compared with the existing result, a novel method which provides two design freedoms is developed to reduce the tracking error. According to the online estimation information provided by adaptive mechanism, a fault‐tolerant tracking control method guaranteeing time‐varying performance bounds is developed for robust tracking of reference model. It is shown that the closed‐loop signals are bounded and the tracking error within an a priori given, time‐varying performance bounds. A simulation result is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed fault‐tolerant tracking control method.
Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Potential Glucosamine‐6‐phosphate Synthase and Lanosterol‐14α‐demethylase Inhibitors
Authors: Ezema Benjamin E. , Okafor Sunday N. , Agada Sunday A. , Ugwu David I. , Ezema Chidimma G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSome derivatives of phenothiazine and phenoxazine compounds were synthesized via Hiyama‐cross coupling reaction protocol. The intermediates were prepared by reacting 2‐aminothiophenol, 2‐aminopyridin‐3‐ol and 4,5‐diamino‐6‐hydroxylpyrimidin‐2‐thiol with 2,3‐dibromonaphthalene‐1,4‐dione in alkaline medium of anhydrous sodium carbonate. These intermediates were subjected to the fluoride‐free Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction with 2‐(dimethylsilyl)pyridine and dimethyl(2‐thienyl)silanol using magnetically separable Pd/Fe3O4 as the catalyst under aqueous conditions to yield the derivatives. Molecular descriptors of these compounds were evaluated for their drug‐likeness. Pharmacokinetic parameters were also evaluated. Molecular docking studies were performed. The synthesized compounds showed drug‐likeness. Pharmacokinetic evaluation reveals a strong plasma protein binding and potentials to cross blood‐brain barrier. 6‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5H‐11‐azabenzo[a]phenoxazin‐5‐one (8 b) and 11‐Amino‐9‐thio‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5H‐8,11‐diazabenzo[a]phenoxazin‐5‐one (9 b) showed highest binding energies of −5.74 and −7.25 kcal/mol with the protein targets glucosamine‐6‐phosphate synthase (2VF5) and lanosterol‐14α‐demethylase (3JUV) respectively.
A Computational Study on the Hydride Transfer Mechanism between Nicotinamide and Menadione
Authors: Rezazadeh Shiva , Ebrahimi Ali 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMenadione (MD) or vitamin K3 is a component of multivitamin drugs, which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological eﬀects relevant to human health. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) catalyzes the oxidation process of MD through hydride transfer from nicotinamide (NA) to MD. In the present study, the hydride transfer mechanism between NA and MD was investigated using the quantum mechanical calculations at the M06‐2X/6‐31G (d,p) level of theory in the gas‐phase and solution media. Two mechanisms were proposed to clarify the cyclic redox of MD via NA: one includes direct hydride transfer (DHT) in one step and other includes single electron and proton transfer (SET‐PT) in two steps through an intermediate. Although the energy barrier is almost equal on two pathways, the results of natural bond orbital (NBO), and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) are clearly in agreement with the SET‐PT mechanism, which is preferred to the DHT mechanism for hydride transfer from NA to MD. The cation and anion radicals of NA and MD facilitate the proton transfer from NA to MD in the SET‐PT pathway. In addition, the binding energy between NA and MD and the energy barrier of proton transfer increase by the electron‐withdrawing substituents (EWSs) and decrease by electron‐donating substituents (EDSs) located at the C3 position of NA. A higher binding energy makes the intermediate more stable, which is accompanied with the increase in the energy barrier of proton transfer step.
Metallic MoS2 Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets with Edge Orientation, and Its Electrochemical Investigation on Energy Storage Application
Authors: Joseph Nikhitha , Shafi P Muhammed , Bose A Chandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMoS2 is considered as an efficient electrode material for energy storage application due to its lamellar structure in analogs with graphene. In this report, metallic 1T‐MoS2 is allowed to grow on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets through hydrothermal treatment. The crystallinity, surface morphology and elemental composition of the as synthesized material have been carefully analyzed. As a result of fascinating surface morphology, the as‐prepared rGO/MoS2 composites exhibit excellent electrochemical properties including high specific capacitance, long cycle life, high energy and power densities. The maximum specific capacitance of 713.4 F/g is obtained at 1 A/g current density for 10 weight % of rGO loaded MoS2 sample in three electrode cell system. The symmetric device exhibits an outstanding specific capacitance of 170 F/g at 1 A/g current density and a 51.08% retention is obtained even at 10 A/g current density. Moreover, the symmetric device exhibits an appreciable energy density of 51.2 Wh/kg at a power density of 750 W/kg, and high capacitive retention of 88% is observed even after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. This outstanding performance of rGO loaded 1T‐MoS2 electrode promises its applicability in energy storage devices, especially in supercapacitors.
Introducing Cations (Zn2+, Sn2+ and Mg2+) and Anions(Cl−) to Tune Mn Photoluminescence Intensity of Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals(CsPbCl3)
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Yao Bingqing , Li Xinxiong , Said Ahmed Ali , Lv Jingxi , Dong Zhili , Fan Weijun , Sun Xiao Wei , Zhang Qichun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough there are many works focusing on tuneable photoluminescence(PL) character of Manganese(Mn)‐doped perovskite nanocrystals(PNCs), systematically studying the influence of cations (such as Zn2+, Sn2+ and Mg2+) and anions (such as Cl−) on the Mn emission intensity is uncultured. Here, based on a modified method, hydrochloric acid(HCl), the single and simplest Cl− precursor, is firstly used to tune the Mn emission intensity of PNCs prepared under high temperature. By limiting the Cl sources and introducing other cations (Zn2+, Sn2+ and Mg2+) in the reaction system, the Mn emission intensity of final PNCs could be tuned negatively. Besides, this is the first time to realize co‐doping Zn and Mn ions into PNCs during the formation of PNCs. In addition, the as‐prepared stable doped PNCs have been used as active materials in light emitting devices(LEDs), which display orange emission.
Acoustic Actuation of Integrin‐Bound Microbubbles for Mechanical Phenotyping during Differentiation and Morphogenesis of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Fan Zhenzhen , Xue Xufeng , Perera Reshani , Nasr Esfahani Sajedeh , Exner Agata A. , Fu Jianping , Deng Cheri X. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarly human embryogenesis is a dynamic developmental process, involving continuous and concomitant changes in gene expression, structural reorganization, and cellular mechanics. However, the lack of investigation methods has limited the understanding of how cellular mechanical properties change during early human embryogenesis. In this study, ultrasound actuation of functionalized microbubbles targeted to integrin (acoustic tweezing cytometry, ATC) is employed for in situ measurement of cell stiffness during human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation and morphogenesis. Cell stiffness, which is regulated by cytoskeleton structure, remains unchanged in undifferentiated hESCs, but significantly increases during neural differentiation. Further, using the recently established in vitro 3D embryogenesis models, ATC measurements reveal that cells continue to stiffen while maintaining pluripotency during epiblast cyst formation. In contrast, during amniotic cyst formation, cells first become stiffer during luminal cavity formation, but softens significantly when cells differentiate to form amniotic cysts. These results suggest that cell stiffness changes not only due to 3D spatial organization, but also with cell fate change. ATC therefore provides a versatile platform for in situ measurement of cellular mechanical property, and cell stiffness may be used as a mechanical biomarker for cell lineage diversification and cell fate specification during embryogenesis.
Unfolding BOB Bonds for an Enhanced ORR Performance in ABO3‐Type Perovskites
Authors: Sun Yu , Liu Zhongyuan , Zhang Wei , Chu Xuefeng , Cong Yingge , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIdentifying the relationship between catalytic performance and material structure is crucial to establish the design principle for highly active catalysts. Deficiency in BO bond covalency induced by lattice distortion severely restricts the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance for ABO3‐type perovskite oxides. Herein, a rearrangement of hybridization mode for BO bond is used to tune the overlap of the electron cloud between B 3d and O 2p through A‐stie doping with larger radius ions. The BO bond covalency is strengthened with a BOB bond angle recovered from intrinsic structural distortion. As a result, the adsorption and the reduction process for O2 on the oxide surface can be promoted via shifting the O‐2p band center toward the Fermi Level. Simultaneously, the spin electrons in the Mn 3d orbit become more parallel. It will lead to a high electrical conductivity by the enhanced double exchange process and thereof mitigate the ORR efficiency loss. Further density functional theory calculation reveals that a flat [BO2] plane will make contribution to the charge transfer process from lattice oxygen to adsorbed oxygen (mediated with B ions). Through such exploration of the effect of crystal structure on the electronic state of perovskite oxides, a novel insight into design of highly active ORR catalysts is offered.
Optical Sensor for Real‐Time pH Monitoring in Human Tissue
Authors: Wencel Dorota , Kaworek Alicja , Abel Tobias , Efremov Vitaly , Bradford Aidan , Carthy Denise , Coady Garret , McMorrow Roger C. N. , McDonagh Colette 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article reports on a fiber‐based ratiometric optical pH sensor for use in real‐time and continuous in vivo pH monitoring in human tissue. Stable hybrid sol–gel‐based pH sensing material is deposited on a highly flexible plastic optical fiber tip and integrated with excitation and detection electronics. The sensor is extensively tested in a laboratory environment before it is applied in vivo in a human model. The pH sensor performance in the laboratory environment outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art reported in the current literature. It exhibits the highest sensitivity in the physiological pH range, resolution of 0.0013 pH units, excellent sensor to sensor reproducibility, long‐term stability, short response time of <2 min, and drift of 0.003 pH units per 22 h. The sensor also exhibits promising performance in in vitro whole blood samples. In addition, human evaluations conducted under this project demonstrate successful short‐term deployment of this sensor in vivo.
Phosphorus‐Mediated MoS2 Nanowires as a High‐Performance Electrode Material for Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Intercalation Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Shude , Yin Ying , Wu Musheng , Hui Kwan San , Hui Kwun Nam , Ouyang Chu‐Ying , Jun Seong Chan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising electrode material for electrochemical energy storage owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and fascinating 2D layered structure. However, its sluggish kinetics for ionic diffusion and charge transfer limits its practical applications. Here, a promising strategy is reported for enhancing the Na+‐ion charge storage kinetics of MoS2 for supercapacitors. In this strategy, electrical conductivity is enhanced and the diffusion barrier of Na+ ion is lowered by a facile phosphorus‐doping treatment. Density functional theory results reveal that the lowest energy barrier of dilute Na‐vacancy diffusion on P‐doped MoS2 (0.11 eV) is considerably lower than that on pure MoS2 (0.19 eV), thereby signifying a prominent rate performance at high Na intercalation stages upon P‐doping. Moreover, the Na‐vacancy diffusion coefficient of the P‐doped MoS2 at room temperatures can be enhanced substantially by approximately two orders of magnitude (10−6–10−4 cm2 s−1) compared with pure MoS2. Finally, the quasi‐solid‐state asymmetrical supercapacitor assembled with P‐doped MoS2 and MnO2, as the positive and negative electrode materials, respectively, exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 67.4 W h kg−1 at 850 W kg−1 and excellent cycling stability with 93.4% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 8 A g−1.
Prediction of adverse perinatal outcome by cerebroplacental ratio in women undergoing induction of labor
Authors: Fiolna M. , Kostiv V. , Anthoulakis C. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the performance of screening for adverse perinatal outcome by the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) measured within 24 h prior to induction of labor.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of 1902 singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of labor at ≥ 37 weeks' gestation. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the pulsatility index (PI) in the umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) within 24 h before induction of labor. The measured UA‐PI and MCA‐PI and their ratio were converted to multiples of the median after adjustment for gestational age. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether CPR improved the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome provided by maternal characteristics, medical history and obstetric factors. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) of screening by CPR were estimated for Cesarean section for presumed fetal distress and adverse neonatal outcome, which included umbilical arterial or venous cord blood pH ≤ 7 and ≤ 7.1, respectively, 5‐min Apgar score < 7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit for > 24 h or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.ResultsA combination of maternal and pregnancy characteristics, including age, weight, racial origin, previous obstetric history, pre‐eclampsia, gestational age at delivery and amniotic fluid volume, identified 39% of pregnancies requiring Cesarean section for fetal distress at a FPR of 10%; addition of CPR did not improve the performance of screening. In screening for adverse neonatal outcome by a combination of parity and CPR, the DR was 17% at a FPR of 10%.ConclusionLow CPR, measured within 24 h prior to induction of labor, is associated with increased risk of Cesarean section for fetal distress and adverse neonatal outcome, but the performance of CPR for such surrogate measures of fetal hypoxic morbidity is poor. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
How repeatable is assessment of external anal sphincter trauma by exoanal 4D ultrasound?
Authors: Turel Fatakia F. , Subramaniam N. , Bienkiewicz J. , Friedman T. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThree‐/four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound (TLUS) is gaining popularity for the assessment of anal sphincter trauma, although repeatability data are lacking. This study aimed to determine the repeatability of tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) on TLUS for the diagnosis of external anal sphincter (EAS) trauma and compare the performance of a novice with that of an experienced investigator.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of archived ultrasound datasets of patients who presented with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction and were examined twice between 2012 and 2016 at an average interval of 260 (range, 1–1100) days. All volumes were obtained using a GE Medical Systems Voluson 730 Expert or E8 ultrasound system. Post‐processing of volumes was performed independently by two investigators, one with over 1 year's experience and another with no prior experience in using TUI, who were blinded to clinical data, each other's results and the results obtained at the first timepoint. Significant trauma on EAS was diagnosed if four of the six TUI slices showed a defect of ≥ 30°. Intra‐ and interobserver agreement were determined using Cohen's kappa (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsDuring the study period, 105 women underwent two TLUS assessments of the anal sphincter. Of these, 103 patients with ultrasound volumes available for both timepoints were included in the analysis. The novice investigator demonstrated average repeatability for assessment of significant EAS trauma and single‐slice defect (κ, 0.30 and 0.22, respectively) despite relatively high agreement between measurements obtained at the two timepoints (84.5% and 79.3%, respectively). The experienced investigator demonstrated good to very good repeatability for significant EAS trauma and single‐slice defect (κ, 0.91 and 0.78, respectively) between the two assessments, which equates to 98.1% and 94.7% agreement, respectively.ConclusionThe repeatability of TLUS measurements for diagnosis of EAS trauma seems to be very good when imaging is undertaken with state‐of‐the‐art equipment and the analysis is performed by an experienced observer; however, the performance of a novice investigator is much poorer. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Deconstructing supergravity: massive supermultiplets
Authors: Ondo Nicholas A. , Tolley Andrew J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGiven the success of the deconstruction program in obtaining ghost-free massive gravity from 5-D Einstein gravity, we propose a modification of the deconstruction procedure that incorporates supersymmetry at the linear level. We discuss the relevant limits of a conjectured interacting theory of a massive spin 2 supermultiplet, and determine the linear theory to be the$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1Zinoviev theory, a supersymmetric extension of Fierz-Pauli theory. We develop a family of 1-site deconstruction procedures for fermionic fields (yielding Dirac and Majorana mass terms). The deconstruction procedure appropriate for giving fermions a Dirac mass is found to preserve half of the supersymmetry of the 5-D theory. We explicitly check this by deconstructing 5-D$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$N=2super-Maxwell theory down to 4-D$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1super-Proca theory, and deconstructing linear 5-D$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$N=2supergravity down to 4-D$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1Zinoviev theory, and derive the full 4-D supersymmetry algebras and Stückelberg symmetries from the 5-D superalgebras and gauge symmetries, respectively. We conjecture that this procedure should admit a generalization to fully non-linear theories.