bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel scheme for modelling dissipation (gain) and thermalization in open quantum systems
Authors: Kheirandish F , Bolandhemmat E , Cheraghpour N , Moradi R , Ahmadian S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this letter, we introduce a novel method for investigating dissipation (gain) and thermalization in an open quantum system. In this method, the quantum system is coupled linearly with a copy of itself or with another system described by a finite number of bosonic operators. The time-dependent coupling functions play a fundamental role in this scheme. To demonstrate the efficiency and significance of the method, we apply it to some ubiquitous open quantum systems. Firstly, we investigate a quantum oscillator in the presence of a thermal bath at the inverse temperature β, obtaining the reduced density matrix, the Husimi distribution function, and the quantum heat distribution function accurately. The results are consistent with existing literature by appropriate choices for the time-dependent coupling function. To illustrate the generalizability of this method to systems interacting with multiple thermal baths, we study the interaction of a quantum oscillator with two thermal baths at different temperatures and obtain compatible results. Subsequently, we analyze a two-level atom with energy or phase dissipation and derive the spontaneous emission and the pure dephasing processes consistently using the new method. Finally, we investigate the Markovianity in a dissipative two-level system.
Design of magnetic field with high homogeneity for single-turn coil
Authors: Ge Aoming , Pan Ziying , Liu Zhengyang , Yang Haocheng , Lv Yiliang , Peng Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Single-turn coil (STC) is a kind of destructive pulsed magnet aiming at ultra high magnetic field. In this study, the simple geometry optimization approach to improve the magnetic field homogeneity of STC is proposed. By making the conductor inner surface concave, the amplitude of the magnetic field is decreased by only 15%, while the space volume of the homogeneous magnetic field is increased by 200%–600%. Through three STC examples with different conductor inner diameters and different discharge currents, the effectiveness of this method is validated. In particular, it is theoretically proven that the volume of the homogeneous magnetic field increases as the inner surface concave curvature radius decreases. This geometry optimization method provides the theoretical support for homogeneous field design of STC.
Spectrum of primordial gravitational waves in the presence of a cosmic string
Authors: Azar Ag Ghaleh S. , Abbassi A.M. , Abbassi M.H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider an inflating universe with long straight cosmic string along z-axis. We demonstrate that cosmic string's effect can be treated as a perturbation on the background of FRW metric. By performing cosmological perturbations on this inflating cosmic string background, we derived the linearized Einstein field equations. We show that at leading order (neglecting the mixing terms of cosmic string perturbations with gravitational tensor perturbations), the cosmic string appears as an inhomogeneous term on the right hand side of wave equation for tensor perturbations. Finally, by finding analytical solution of the wave equation for slow-roll inflation, we illustrate its impact on the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves.
Dark photon constraints from CMB temperature anisotropies
Authors: Aramburo-Garcia Andres , Bondarenko Kyrylo , Boyarsky Alexey , Kashko Pavlo , Pradler Josef , Sokolenko Anastasia , Kugel Roi , Schaller Matthieu , Schaye Joop 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The resonant conversion, within the inter-galactic medium, of regular photons into dark photons amplifies the anisotropy observed in the CMB, thereby imposing stringent constraints on the existence of light dark photons. In this study, we investigate the impact of light dark photons, with masses in the range 3 × 10-15 eV < mA
' < 3 × 10-12 eV on the power spectrum of temperature anisotropies within the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation utilizing the state-of-the-art large-volume FLAMINGO cosmological simulations. Our results show that using full Planck data, one can expect the existing constraints on the dark photon mixing parameter in this mass range to improve by an order of magnitude.
Double-well inflation: observational constraints and theoretical implications
Authors: Rodrigues G. , Rodrigues J.G. , dos Santos F.B.M. , Alcaniz J.S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We revisit the small field double-well inflationary model and investigate its observational viability in light of the current Cosmic Microwave Background data. In particular, considering scenarios with minimal and nonminimal coupling between the inflaton field and the Ricci scalar, we perform a Monte Carlo Markov chain analysis to probe the model's parameter space. We also investigate the consequences of the cosmological results in the canonical type-I seesaw mechanism context and obtain constraints on the vacuum expectation value of the inflaton field, together with the amplitude of the coupling to gravity in the nonminimal case. We employ a Bayesian procedure to compare the model's predictions with the Starobinsky inflationary scenario and find a strong statistical preference for the latter against the minimal and nonminimal coupled double-well scenario.
Charge ratio of cosmic ray muons in momentum range ∼ 1 to 3 GeV/c
Authors: Shah Raj , John J.M. , Mondal Suryanarayan , Pethuraj S. , Majumder G. , Shukla P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work presents the measurements of the cosmic muon charge ratio as a function of full azimuthal angle and momentum within the range of 0.8 to 3.0 GeV/c, using the mini-ICAL detector. The detector, comprising 10 layers of RPCs, has collected cosmic muon data since August 2018 till recent time, at an altitude of 160 m above sea level at the Inter-Institutional Center for High Energy Physics in Madurai, India (9∘56' N, 78∘00' E). The muon charge identification is achieved through the use of a magnetic field of strength 1.4 T. The analysis shows that the cosmic muon charge ratio, Rμ
= N

μ
+/Nμ

-, ranges from 1.1 to 1.2 and has small dependency on the zenith angle. The charge ratio's dependence on momentum and azimuthal angle is thoroughly examined for a wide range of zenith angle upto 50∘. These measurements are compared with the predictions from various combinations of different hadronic models in CORSIKA extensive air shower simulations.
Limits on the parameter space of (3+2) sterile neutrino scenario by IceCube data
Authors: Cabrera Emilse , Esmaili Arman , Quiroga Alexander A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The neutrino sector of the standard model of particles can contain more than one sterile neutrino states. Generally, existence of more sterile states leads to better, or at least equally good, fit to the short baseline anomalous data due to the larger number of parameters and interferences which create features in the oscillation pattern. However, for experiments like IceCube, where the sterile states distort the oscillation pattern of high energy atmospheric neutrinos through parametric and MSW resonances, addition of more sterile states leads to a more intense effect. Although the limits on one additional sterile neutrino state by IceCube data have been studied in the literature, bounds on the models with more sterile states are lacking. We analyze the one-year data set of atmospheric neutrinos collected by IceCube during the 2011–2012 and derive the limits on the parameter space of (3+2) scenario with two sterile neutrino states, taking into account the relevant systematic and statistical uncertainties and atmospheric neutrino flux variants. To facilitate the joint analysis of IceCube and short baseline data, we provide the table of χ
2 values from IceCube's data analysis as function of the parameters.
Some regularity properties of scattering data for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Weng Weifang , Yan Zhenya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present some properties of scattering data for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in

H

s

(
R
)
(
s
≥

1

2

)

starting from the Lax pair. We show that the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient can be expressed as the sum of some iterative integrals, and its logarithm can be written as the sum of some connected iterative integrals. We provide the asymptotic properties of the first few iterative integrals of the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient. Moreover, we provide some regularity properties of the reciprocal of the transmission coefficient related to scattering data in

H

s

(
R
)

.
A test of measurement results with increased sensitivity to inconsistency
Authors: Willink R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the chi-square test of consistency of a set of measurement results is improved upon when each measured value is compared with the weighted mean of all the other measured values, not the overall weighted mean. The corresponding test is a Monte Carlo test, where the null distribution for the new test statistic is obtained by simulation. Basing the procedure on the measurement results with smaller uncertainties would give further improvement.
High erosion and re-deposition rates of tungsten in the highly collisional plasmas of Magnum-PSI
Authors: Cornelissen Mark J.H. , Tyburska-Pueschel Beata , Rasinski Marcin , Brons Serge , Zoethout Erwin , Dorow-Gerspach Daniel , Brezinsek Sebastijan , Wirtz Marius , Pintsuk Gerald , Beckers Job , Morgan Thomas W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prompt re-deposition strongly reduces the migration of eroded material in current fusion devices, thus lowering core dilution and extending the lifetime of the plasma-facing components. However, under the high-density (

n

e

>
2
×

10

20

m−3), low-temperature (

T

e

<
5

eV) divertor plasma conditions anticipated for future fusion devices like ITER, Coulomb collisions become highly efficient. These collisions not only prevent the ions from completing their Larmor orbits but also strongly couple the sputtered impurities to the plasma, leading to impurity entrainment. Entrainment drags impurities with the plasma flow to the surface, leading to enhanced impurity impact energies as discussed in the companion paper (Cornelissen M.J.H. et al 2025 Nucl. Fusion
65 026009), and the re-deposition of sputtered particles. This entrained re-deposition was studied with the linear plasma generator Magnum-PSI, whose linear geometry allowed for a clear distinction between entrained and prompt re-deposition. Five W targets were exposed to high-density (

n

e

≈
5
×

10

20

m−3), low-temperature (

T

e

≈
1.2

eV) argon (Ar) plasmas. The deposition pattern of tungsten (W) on molybdenum (Mo) witness plates was determined using ion beam analysis and electron scanning microscopy. As the ion-impact energy of Ar+ increased from

E

i

≈

43 eV to

E

i

≈

94 eV, the local re-deposition rate decreased from

R
≈

93% to

R
≈

68%. Entrained re-deposition became evident from an up-downstream asymmetry in the re-deposition profile and was dominant over prompt re-deposition for the exposures investigated. Although the ionization length was long, high re-deposition rates were found, revealing that neutral-ion interactions were important. Thus, entrainment will be a crucial ingredient in the erosion and re-deposition studies of future fusion reactors.
The impact of helium on plasma-driven hydrogen permeation and implications for direct internal recycling in the fusion fuel cycle
Authors: Li Chao , Way J. Douglas , Fuerst Thomas F. , Wolden Colin A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metal foil pumps (MFPs) are the leading technology for direct internal recycling (DIR) of hydrogen isotopes from the plasma exhaust in future fusion plants. MFPs rely on the concept of superpermeation, where superthermal H atoms directly absorb into the metal foil, rapidly diffuse, and desorb downstream. To date, studies of superpermeation have predominantly employed either pure hydrogen or in some cases trace levels of impurities. The plasma exhaust is expected to contain just ∼1% helium, but in DIR the source gas would be enriched in helium as hydrogen isotopes are extracted. In this work, we explore the impact of helium on hydrogen superpermeation at low temperature (75 °C–200 °C) using Pd-based foils. To first order, the flux scaled linearly with the hydrogen mole fraction. Stable permeation was observed until the helium fraction reached ∼80%, where the flux began to decline slowly with time. In addition, short term (1–5 min) exposure to pure helium plasma significantly attenuated subsequent hydrogen plasma permeation, and the degree was more dramatic at elevated temperature. This attenuation was correlated with He retention in the foils, which was detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry at low levels (<0.1 at. %) and limited to the near surface (<10 nm). Similar trends were observed among all alloys (Pd, PdAg, PdCu), and the foils were restored to full performance with an Ar+ sputter clean. The potential for helium plasma exposure to impact MFP performance under these conditions has not been previously reported, and these findings have significant implications to the design and implementation of practical DIR systems.
A study of particle detectors based on single crystal diamond substrate
Authors: Zaťko Bohumír , Varga Marian , Kováčová Eva , Šagátová Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The diamond radiation detector was prepared using a high-quality monocrystalline substrate. A square contact of 3.6 × 3.6 mm2 was fabricated on one side of the substrate, while the other side has a full area metallized contact. The current-voltage characteristics were measured up to 1 kV in both directions. The fabricated diamond detector shows very low current below 2 pA in whole voltage ranges. The detector was then used for alpha particle detection. The triple radiation source was used with different monoenergetic particles with energies varying from 5.1 MeV to 5.8 MeV. The range of alpha particles used was no more than 15 μm according to SRIM simulations. The diamond detector shows a high resolution for alpha particle spectroscopy below 0.43% at 5.5 MeV energy.
Characterization of TlBr gamma detector based on electrical charge and Cherenkov light analysis
Authors: Hamdan M. , Feng B. , Shimazoe K. , Nogami M. , Hitomi K. , Takahashi H. , Uenomachi M. , Toyokawa H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Thallium Bromide (TlBr) semiconductors have been extensively studied for their potential as room-temperature gamma-ray detectors, owing to their advantageous material properties. Recent advancements have demonstrated that timing performance in TlBr detectors can be enhanced by incorporating Cherenkov photon detection during gamma-ray interactions. In this study, TlBr detector (5 × 5 × 5 mm3) was investigated through a combined analysis of electrical charge and Cherenkov light signals. The depth of interaction (DoI) correction applied to the trapezoidal filter output yielded significant improvements in energy resolution, reducing it from 5.6% to as low as 2.51% FWHM at 511 keV and from 4.6% to as low as 1.94% FWHM at 662 keV, within specific C/A ratio ranges. The drift time, ranging from 2 to 30 μs, was found to be proportional to the C/A ratio, covering 4 to 9 photoelectrons. Furthermore, a time resolution of 511 ps was achieved at 6 photoelectrons, based on the FWHM of the time difference distribution in coincidence measurements at 511 keV using a 22Na source. These results highlight the potential of TlBr detectors for achieving high energy and timing resolution in gamma detection, particularly for Compton-PET systems.
Quantifying food security and mitigation risks consequential to climate change impacts on crop yields
Authors: Luchtenbelt Hermen , Doelman Jonathan , Bos Astrid , Daioglou Vassilis , Jägermeyr Jonas , Müller Christoph , Stehfest Elke , van Vuuren Detlef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Climate change is expected to impact crop yields globally, with some regions benefiting from favorable conditions and CO2 fertilization, while others face adverse effects from altered precipitation and higher temperatures. Changes in crop yields can destabilize the global food system and pose challenges to food security. Moreover, crop production is crucial, as biofuels are becoming increasingly important contributors to climate change mitigation measures aimed at limiting global warming. This study uses the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment integrated assessment model framework to analyze different indicators related to food security and climate change mitigation under varying climate change impacts on crop yields. Twelve spatially explicit crop productivity projections were taken from the full archive of the Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison of 120 climate-crop model combinations, forced by CMIP6-based climate scenarios. The selection includes two average-performing climate-crop model combinations, two pessimistic combinations that perform one standard deviation below the mean, and two optimistic model combinations that perform one standard deviation above the mean. To single out the effect of climate change on productivity changes, we drew samples from two representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). These productivity projections were applied within an otherwise uniform scenario (SSP2) and analyzed for their effect on total calorie demand, crop prices, and number of people at risk of undernourishment to quantify food security. Risks to climate change mitigation targets were explored by modeling the total bioenergy supply, emissions, and global mean temperature. The results revealed significant differences in the risk of food security and mitigation potential between different regions and climate change scenarios. Across scenarios, the crop area extent can vary up to 2 million km2 due to changing crop yields. The projected change in global hunger ranges from 60 to 160 million undernourished people, indicating uncertainty between climate and crop model combinations. Low-income regions are especially impacted because of their high sensitivity to changes in food prices. Global climate change mitigation ambitions can also deviate by the latter part of the 21st century, as changes in yields will impact biofuel production as well as agriculture, forestry and other land use emissions. The quantitative insights generated by this study highlight the need for global policy efforts to make the agricultural system more adaptive to climate change to handle potential negative impacts.
Replica bound for Ising spin glass models in one dimension
Authors: Okuyama Manaka , Ohzeki Masayuki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The interpolation method is a powerful tool for rigorous analysis of mean-field spin glass models, both with and without dilution. In this study, we show that the interpolation method can be applied to Ising spin glass models in one dimension, such as a one-dimensional chain and a two-leg ladder. In one dimension, the replica symmetric (RS) cavity method is naturally expected to be rigorous for Ising spin glass models. Using the interpolation method, we rigorously prove that the RS cavity method provides lower bounds on the quenched free energies of Ising spin glass models in one dimension at any finite temperature in the thermodynamic limit.
Nano-optics of transition metal dichalcogenides and their van der Waals heterostructures with electron spectroscopies
Authors: Woo Steffi Y , Tizei Luiz H G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The outstanding properties of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, arising from their structure and the modified electron–hole Coulomb interaction in 2D, make them promising candidates for potential electro-optical devices. However, the production of reproducible devices remains challenging, partly due to variability at the nanometer to atomic scales. Thus, access to chemical, structural, and optical characterization at these length scales is essential. While electron microscopy and spectroscopy can provide chemical and structural data, accessing the optical response at the nanoscale through electron spectroscopies has been hindered until recently. This review focuses on the application of two electron spectroscopies in scanning (transmission) electron microscopes, namely cathodoluminescence and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, to study the nano-optics of TMD atomic layers and their vdW heterostructures. How technological advancements can improve these spectroscopies, many of which are already underway, that will make them ideal for studying the physics of vdW heterostructures at the nanoscale will also be discussed.
Residual Pix2Pix networks: streamlining PET/CT imaging process by eliminating CT energy conversion
Authors: Ghanbari S , Sadremomtaz A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Attenuation correction of PET data is commonly conducted through the utilization of a secondary imaging technique to produce attenuation maps. The customary approach to attenuation correction, which entails the employment of CT images, necessitates energy conversion. However, the present study introduces a novel deep learning-based method that obviates the requirement for CT images and energy conversion. This study employs a residual Pix2Pix network to generate attenuation-corrected PET images using the 4033 2D PET images of 37 healthy adult brains for train and test. The model, implemented in TensorFlow and Keras, was evaluated by comparing image similarity, intensity correlation, and distribution against CT-AC images using metrics such as PSNR and SSIM for image similarity, while a 2D histogram plotted pixel intensities. Differences in standardized uptake values (SUV) demonstrated the model’s efficiency compared to the CTAC method. The residual Pix2Pix demonstrated strong agreement with the CT-based attenuation correction, the proposed network yielding MAE, MSE, PSNR, and MS-SSIM values of 3 × 10−3, 2 × 10−4, 38.859, and 0.99, respectively. The residual Pix2Pix model’s results showed a negligible mean SUV difference of 8 × 10−4 (P-value = 0.10), indicating its accuracy in PET image correction. The residual Pix2Pix model exhibits high precision with a strong correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.99 to CT-based methods. The findings indicate that this approach surpasses the conventional method in terms of precision and efficacy. The proposed residual Pix2Pix framework enables accurate and feasible attenuation correction of brain F-FDG PET without CT. However, clinical trials are required to evaluate its clinical performance. The PET images reconstructed by the framework have low errors compared to the accepted test reliability of PET/CT, indicating high quantitative similarity.