bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of using different keyboards on free-text keystroke dynamics authentication for Arabic language
Authors: Alsuhibany Suliman A. , Almushyti Muna , Alghasham Noorah , Alkhudhayr Fatimah 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Nowadays, there is a high demand for online services and applications. However, there is a challenge to keep these applications secured by applying different methods rather than using the traditional approaches such as passwords and usernames. Keystroke dynamics is one of the alternative authentication methods that provide high level of security in which the used keyboard plays an important role in the recognition accuracy. To guarantee the robustness of a system in different practical situations, there is a need to examine how much the performance of the system is affected by changing the keyboard layout. This paper aims to investigate the impact of using different keyboards on the recognition accuracy for Arabic free-text typing.

Design/methodology/approach
To evaluate how much the performance of the system is affected by changing the keyboard layout, an experimental study is conducted by using two different keyboards which are a Mac’s keyboard and an HP’s keyboard.

Findings
By using the Mac’s keyboard, the results showed that the false rejection rate (FRR) was 0.20, whilst the false acceptance rate (FAR) was 0.44. However, these values have changed when using the HP’s keyboard where the FRR was equal to 0.08 and the FAR was equal to 0.60.

Research limitations/implications
The number of participants in the experiment, as the authors were targeting much more participants.

Originality/value
These results showed for the first time the impact of the keyboards on the system’s performance regarding the recognition accuracy when using Arabic free-text.
Indicating restaurant firms’ financial constraints: a new composite index
Authors: Mun Sung Gyun , Jang SooCheong (Shawn) 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop an index for financial constraints, specifically for restaurant firms, and to further validate the developed financial constraint index.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used logistic regression with a composite criterion based on the dividend payout ratio, KZ index and Cleary index to estimate restaurant firms’ financial constraints. Then, a fixed-effects regression was used to verify the validity of the measurement of restaurant firms’ financial constraints.

Findings
A restaurant firm’s operating profit, financial leverage, asset tangibility, sale of fixed assets and percentage change in number of employees are critical indicators for identifying financial constraints. The results indicated that in cases with positive operating cash flows, the effect of operating cash flow on capital investments continuously decreased as restaurant firms’ financial constraints increased.

Originality/value
This study is unique in that the specific financial and operational characteristics of restaurant firms were included in the model to determine financial constraint indicators, such as sale of fixed assets and percentage change in number of employees.
Sign consumption and sign promotion in visitor attractions
Authors: Paraskevaidis Pavlos , Weidenfeld Adi 
Published: April 2019

PurposeDrawing upon Baudrillard’s concept of sign-value, this study aims to investigate consumer behavior and sign perception in visitor attractions.Design/methodology/approachBy adopting netnography, 133 customer-to-customer reviews sourced from TripAdvisor were analyzed regarding visitors’ online post-visit impressions.FindingsThe findings reveal that netnography contributes to a deeper understanding of sign consumption and sign promotion and examines how visitors attribute symbolic meanings to their experience in Titanic Belfast.Practical implicationsThe findings show that the co-creation and reevaluation of the visitor experience through consumers’ online reviews should be taken into account by both managers and marketers. Furthermore, advertising should avoid creating excessive expectations to visitors to decrease the possibility of negative disconfirmation, which can be easily and instantly spread online. Another implication concerns the winning awards of visitor attractions, hotels and restaurants of a destination which may be used as a basis of co-branding marketing campaigns to enhance destination brand image.Social implicationsThis study continues the debate on the commodification of the visitor experience and the commercialization of visitor attractions.Originality/valueThis paper provides better understanding of sign-value, sign consumption and sign promotion in the visitor attraction sector.
Exploring Indian post-disaster temporary housing strategy through a comparative review
Authors: Biswas Arindam 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Natural disasters not only cause dilapidated buildings and damaged infrastructure but also delay crucial aid for those affected in the event of a disaster and post-disaster recovery. An institutionally well-managed post-disaster housing strategy provides opportunities for physical and mental healing of its occupant. The time requires occupiers to remain in the temporary housing varies with circumstances. This paper aims to review post-disaster housing scenarios in India in comparison to two Asian cases from Indonesia and Japan. The study focuses on understanding Indian post-disaster housing strategies through a comparative review.

Design/methodology/approach
The research selects coastal cities of Tamil Nadu state, where the post-disaster temporary shelter and rehabilitation was planned and implemented after the Tsunami in 2004. The Tsunami created havoc in Nagapattinam and Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. Nagapattinam district reported 6,051 fatalities and many more homeless people. After the Tsunami, the government took measures to supply safe, secured and on-site shelter provisions. Surprisingly, many such shelters were never occupied. In many instances, people actually preferred to spend years in a temporary shelter rather occupying government housing. This paper evaluates such events and investigates India’s post-disaster shelter strategy against the derived best practices. This study is based on the sequential/logical reasoning and understanding of the facts. Discussions and findings from this study can be further generalised into a comprehensive policy discussion.

Findings
The paper finds that the manner of planning and design of post-disaster housing programmes influence medium- to long-term recovery of its occupant. A certain element of trade-off between implementation and quality of habitation results into compromises to achieving the desired outcome. When faced with socio-political, economic and financial constraints, the decision-makers are required to make trade-offs in deciding the manner and quantum of allocating resources. Coordination among these agencies is troublesome. It is true for all countries and there is no distinct answer to it. Public consultation and community participation in long-term rehabilitation are crucial to meet the aspiration of the local people.

Originality/value
The paper contributes in discussing a comparison of post-disaster housing rehabilitation between India and the two cases from Indonesia and Japan. As a review paper, the objective is to highlight the synthesis and overall understanding of post-disaster housing strategies from two cases and compare it with India.
An integrative review
Authors: Abubakar A. Mohammed , Foroutan Taraneh , Megdadi Khaled Jamal 
Published: April 2019

PurposePsychological capital (PsyCap) and future time perspective (FTP) are ambassadors of positivity among incumbent employees in organisations. However, remarkably little is known regarding the effectiveness of high-performance work systems (HPWS) in nurturing these constructs. The purpose of this study is to contribute and provide a complete frame of reference linking HPWS to PsyCap and FTP.Design/methodology/approachA synthesis analysis of existing literature was carried out to formulate managerial and practical propositions.FindingsDrawing on the conservation of resources theory, affective events theory and Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, the present study proposes a research framework that links HPWS, FTP and PsyCap, with possible mediation effect of FTP in HPWS–PsyCap relationship and PsyCap in HPWS–FTP relationship.Practical implicationsAlthough this paper did not test the model empirically, it offers important practical implications in terms of PsyCap and FTP perception development through HPWS practices.Originality/valueA set of propositions that explain the relationships between the study variables is presented to enrich the understanding with organisation’s HRM practices and its possible impact on employees.
Dynamic analysis of a cracked bar by the method of characteristics
Authors: Ayas Hillal , Chabaat Mohamed , Amara Lyes 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new numerical approach for studying a cantilever bar having a transverse crack. The crack is modeled by an elastic longitudinal spring with a stiffness K according to Castiglione’s theorem.

Design/methodology/approach
The bar is excited by different longitudinal impulse forces. The considered problem based on the differential equation of motion is solved by the method of characteristics (MOC) after splitting the second-order motion equation into two first-order equivalent equations.

Findings
In this study, effects of the crack size and crack’s position on the reflected waves from the crack are investigated. The results indicate that the presence of the crack in the cantilever bar generates additional waves caused by the reflection of the incident wave by the crack.

Originality/value
A numerical approach developed in this paper is used for detecting the extent of the damage in cracked bars by the measurement of the difference between the dynamic response of an uncracked bar and a cracked bar.
Three novel genetic variants in NRF2 signaling pathway genes are associated with pancreatic cancer risk
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Liu Hongliang , Duan Bensong , Xu Xinyuan , Carmody Dennis , Luo Sheng , Walsh Kyle M. , Abbruzzese James L. , Zhang Xuefeng , Chen Xiaoxin , Wei Qingyi 
Published: April 2019

Pancreatic cancer (PanC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies, and metastatic PanC is often present at the time of diagnosis. Although several high‐ and low‐penetrance genes have been implicated in PanC, their roles in carcinogenesis remain only partially elucidated. Because the nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor2 (NRF2) signaling pathway is involved in human cancers, we hypothesize that genetic variants in NRF2 pathway genes are associated with PanC risk. To test this hypothesis, we assessed associations between 31 583 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 164 NRF2‐related genes and PanC risk using three published genome‐wide association study (GWAS) datasets, which included 8474 cases and 6944 controls of European descent. We also carried out expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to assess the genotype‐phenotype correlation of the identified significant SNP using publicly available data in the 1000 Genomes Project. We found that three novel SNP (ie, rs3124761, rs17458086 and rs1630747) were significantly associated with PanC risk (P = 5.17 × 10−7, 5.61 × 10−4 and 5.52 × 10−4, respectively). Combined analysis using the number of unfavorable genotypes (NUG) of these three SNP suggested that carriers of two to three NUG had an increased risk of PanC (P < 0.0001), compared with those carrying zero to one NUG. Furthermore, eQTL analysis showed that both rs3124761 T and rs17458086 C alleles were associated with increased mRNA expression levels of SLC2A6 and SLC2A13, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, genetic variants in NRF2 pathway genes could play a role in susceptibility to PanC, and further functional exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms is warranted.
Temporal correlation of population composition and environmental variables in the marine invader Ciona robusta
Authors: Caputi Luigi , Toscano Francesco , Arienzo Michele , Ferrara Luciano , Procaccini Gabriele , Sordino Paolo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe capacity for ascidians to inhabit coastal sea floor worldwide relies on their peculiar tolerance to environmental variables and pollution, which is considered, together with high levels of genetic diversity, among the main drivers of their invasive potential. In spite of the continued interest in the genetics of invasive species, little attention has been paid toward the microevolutionary processes that drive structure and fate of ascidian populations over time under chemically polluted conditions. Understanding the interplay between environmental and population dynamics is critical to predict the biodiversity of marine coastal ecosystems. In the present study, a local population of the ascidian Ciona robusta living in the Fusaro Lagoon has been monitored over a 13‐month period of sampling. Physico‐chemical parameters (temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, heavy metals), genetic composition (microsatellites, ITS‐2), abundance and biomass (wet and dry weight) were assessed with the aim to infer fine‐scale temporal variation of population structure with respect to rapid environmental change. Analysis of biomass showed that C. robusta is highly sensitive to salinity and oxygen concentrations. Further, genetic analysis suggested a highly dynamic population structure, likely due to the strong clustering of temporal samples and distinct responses to environmental conditions, including bioaccumulation of heavy metals. Here, we hypothesize that rapid variation in allele frequencies of neutral markers in C. robusta populations may increase the ability of the species to colonize habitats that are subject to strong variation and are under heavy human pressure.
Morphological and genetic characterization of bloom‐forming Raphidophyceae from Brazilian coast
Authors: Branco Suema , Almeida Lidiane L. , Alves‐de‐Souza Catharina , Oliveira Mair M.M. , Proença Luis A.O. , Menezes Mariângela 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYMassive fish kills caused by bloom‐forming species of the Raphidophyceae occur in many marine coastal areas and often cause significant economic losses. The ultrastructure and phylogeny of marine raphidophytes from the Brazilian coast have not been fully analyzed. Here, we present the first combined morphological and genetic characterization of raphidophyte strains from the Brazilian coast. Ten strains of four raphidophyte species (Chattonella subsalsa, C. antiqua, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Fibrocapsa japonica) were characterized based on morphology (including ultrastructure) and LSU rDNA sequences. Chattonella subsalsa and C. antiqua formed two distinct genetic clades. We found that the cell size is the only phenotypic feature separating C. subsalsa and C. antiqua strains from Brazil, whereas traditional characteristics used for species separation in the genus Chattonella (i.e., tail size, chloroplast presence in the tail, ‘oboe‐shaped’ mucocysts, and presence of thylakoids in the pyrenoid matrix) were not sufficiently discriminative, due to their overlapping in the two taxa. The phylogenetic analysis indicated intra‐specific geographic differences among C. subsalsa sequences, with two subclades: one formed by isolates from Brazil, USA, and Iran, and another by a sequence from the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Fibrocapsa japonica also showed intra‐specific geographic differences, with a sequence from a Brazilian strain grouped with strains from Japan, Australia, and Germany, all of them distinct from the Italian isolates. This is the first combined morphological and phylogenetic analysis of raphidophytes from the South Atlantic. Our findings broaden knowledge of the biodiversity of this important bloom‐forming algal group.
Immunomodulatory effect of curcumin on lipopolysaccharide‐ and/or flagellin‐induced production of prostaglandin E2 and relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the primary bubaline endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Rashid Dar Rouf , Ali Ajaz , Ahmad Sheikh Firdous , Kumar Singh Sanjay , Patra Manas Kumar , Panigrahi Manjit , Kumar Harendra , Krishnaswamy Narayanan 
Published: April 2019

ContentsDeveloping alternate therapies for bovine endometritis is important in the context of drug residues in the milk and emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. In this regard, we studied the immunomodulatory effect of curcumin 30 µM, on lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS) and/or flagellin (100 ng/ml each)‐induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) using primary bubaline endometrial stromal cells. After 24 hr treatment, the supernatant was assayed for PGE2 while cells were used for relative quantification of cytokines like IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF α transcripts using a control group as calibrator. LPS was found to possess potent stimulatory effect on PGE2 production, whereas the flagellin was not as potent as LPS in stimulating the PGE2 production either per se or in combination with LPS. LPS markedly up‐regulated the transcripts of IL‐8 and IL‐6 as compared to IL‐1β and TNF α in the bubaline endometrial stromal cells. Except for IL‐8, flagellin did not up‐regulate other PICs. There was no additive effect between LPS and flagellin on the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Curcumin inhibited the LPS‐induced up‐regulation of PIC with strong down‐regulation of IL‐8. The inhibitory effects of curcumin on the inflammatory mediators suggest a potential in the treatment of bovine endometritis.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis in children and adolescents with acute leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zöllner Stefan K. , Herbrüggen Heidrun , Kolve Hedwig , Mihailovic Natasa , Schubert Friederike , Reicherts Christian , Rössig Claudia , Groll Andreas H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) may occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, little is known about its incidence, strategies for ophthalmic surveillance, and timely implementation of adequate antiviral treatment in pediatric allogeneic HSCT recipients. We provide a retrospective analysis of the epidemiology and clinical features of CMVR in pediatric allogeneic HSCT patients transplanted at our center over a 16‐year period. Two patients of this cohort with leukemia are presented. Our analysis is supplemented by a systematic review on pediatric patients with leukemia and CMVR in the setting of allogeneic HSCT. The overall incidence of CMVR in our cohort was 1% (4/338) and 14.2% (3/21) in leukemic patients. In published cases, CMVR occurred at a median of 143 days after transplantation, and, in the majority of patients, was preceded by CMV detection in blood by a median of 93 days. Continued immune suppression following engraftment likely triggers CMVR. Preemptive treatment with ganciclovir as standard is usually successful. Foscarnet is used in case of resistance to ganciclovir or drug‐induced granulocytopenia. Overall, CMVR after HSCT in pediatric leukemic patients is rare, but a potentially higher vulnerability of this population for involvement of the eye warrants a standardized ophthalmological examination plan.
A novel device for rapid, safe and precise delivery of intravitreal injections
Authors: Waqar Salman , Ayaz Ali , Karamat Irfan , Anwar Saba , McLeod James , McLeod Alan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDelivery of therapeutic agents via intravitreal (IVT) injections is well established as the mainstay of treatment for many ophthalmic conditions. High demand means that injections are increasingly being delivered either by ophthalmic nurse practitioners (UK) or by ophthalmologists in office-based settings (North America/mainland Europe). Most patients require frequent IVT injections, and there is a need to make the procedure more comfortable and safe.MethodsWe describe a novel device designed to ensure rapid, safe and precise delivery of injections while improving the patient experience. In addition, we present details of a local National Health Service pathway initiated to facilitate clinician-led innovations. It is hoped that this model can also be replicated internationally. We also present results from two sites: one, comparing outcomes of 25 patients who received the injection with the device, against 25 patients who received injections using the current standard method; the other a retrospective notes evaluation of 60 patients injected with the device.ResultsNo adverse events were noted and the device appears to be well tolerated by patients. Use of the guide did not result in a statistically significant increase in pain (p value > 0.05) but the mean score (on a unidimensional numerical rating scale) was noted to be slightly better. All patients gave very positive informal feedback.ConclusionsWe have described the design process and successful early-use results of a novel device developed to facilitate safe, precise and rapid delivery of IVT injections by both ophthalmologists and allied health professionals.
Cross-sectional study of the use of antimicrobials following common infections by rural residents in Anhui, China
Authors: Chai Jing , Coope Caroline , Cheng Jing , Oliver Isabel , Kessel Anthony , Hu Zhi , Wang DeBin 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo describe help seeking behaviour from a medical doctor and antimicrobial use for common infections among rural residents of Anhui province, China.DesignA cross-sectional retrospective household survey.Setting12 administrative villages from rural Anhui, China.Participants2760 rural residents selected through cluster-randomised sampling using an interviewer administered questionnaire.MethodLogistic regression models were used to estimate associations between exposures (health insurance and antimicrobial-related knowledge), adjusted for confounders (sex, age and education), and help-seeking behaviour from a medical doctor and antimicrobial use following common infections, including acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), gastrointestinal tract infections (GTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs).ResultsIn total 2611 (94.6%) rural residents completed the questionnaire. Help seeking from a medical doctor was highest for ARTIs (59.4%) followed by GTIs (42.1%), and UTIs (27.8%). Around two-thirds (82.3% for ARTIs, 87.0% for GTIs and 66.0% for UTIs) of respondents sought help within 3 days following symptom onset and over three quarters (88% for ARTIs, 98% for GTIs and 77% for UTIs) reported complete recovery within 7 days. Of the help-seeking respondents, 94.5% with ARTI symptoms recalled being prescribed either oral or intravenous antimicrobials (GTIs 81.7% and UTIs 70.4%). Use of antimicrobials bought from medicine shops without prescriptions ranged from 8.8% for GTIs to 17.2% for ARTIs; while use of antimicrobials leftover from previous illnesses or given by a relative ranged from 7.6% for UTIs to 13.4% for ARTIs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents with a higher antimicrobial-related knowledge score and lack of insurance were associated with lower levels of help-seeking for ARTIs; while respondents with a higher antimicrobial-related knowledge score were less likely to be prescribed either oral or intravenous antimicrobials.ConclusionsExcessive antimicrobial use in the studied primary care settings is still prevalent.