bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Picosecond timescale tracking of pentacene triplet excitons with chemical sensitivity
Authors: Costantini R. , Faber R. , Cossaro A. , Floreano L. , Verdini A. , Hӓttig C. , Morgante A. , Coriani S. , Dell’Angela M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSinglet fission is a photophysical process in which an optically excited singlet exciton is converted into two triplet excitons. Singlet fission sensitized solar cells are expected to display a greatly enhanced power conversion efficiency compared to conventional single-junction cells, but the efficient design of such devices relies on the selection of materials capable of harvesting triplets generated in the fission chromophore. To this aim, the possibility of measuring triplet exciton dynamics with chemical selectivity paves the way for the rational design of complex heterojunctions, with optimized triplet conversion. Here we exploit the chemical sensitivity of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to track triplet exciton dynamics at the picosecond timescale in multilayer films of pentacene, the archetypal singlet fission material. We experimentally identify the signature of the triplet exciton in the Carbon K-edge absorption spectrum and measure its lifetime of about 300 ps. Our results are supported by state-of-the-art ab initio calculations.
Allicin alleviates lead-induced hematopoietic stem cell aging by up-regulating PKM2
Authors: Cai Shi-zhong , Zhao Li-na , Liu Jun , Ji Yi-ting , Shi Xiao-yan , Ma Zhou-rui , Lv Xiao-hua , Chen Ke , Chen Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) aging is associated with hematopoietic dysfunction and diseases. Our previous study showed that lead exposure induced a functional decline in HSCs. Allicin, a chemical extracted from the garlic (Allium sativum L.), has been reported to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the biological activities of allicin on lead-induced toxicity, especially in the hematopoietic system, remain unclear. Here, we found that lead exposure elicited aging phenotypes in HSCs, including perturbed cell quiescence, disabled self-renewal function and colony-forming ability, and myeloid-biased differentiation, all of which contributed to significant hematopoietic disorders in mice. Intragastric administration of allicin substantially ameliorated lead-induced HSCs aging phenotypes in vivo. Lead exposure induced a peroxide condition in HSCs leading to DNA damage, which reduced expression of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), a phenotype which was significantly ameliorated by allicin treatment. These findings suggested that allicin alleviated lead-induced HSCs aging by up-regulating PKM2 expression; thus, it could be a natural herb for preventing lead toxicity.
Unique structure (construction and configuration) and evolution of the array of small serum protein genes of Protobothrops flavoviridis snake
Authors: Chijiwa Takahito , Inamaru Kento , Takeuchi Ami , Maeda Marie , Yamaguchi Kazuaki , Shibata Hiroki , Hattori Shosaku , Oda-Ueda Naoko , Ohno Motonori 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of Protobothrops flavoviridis (Pf) 30534 bp genome segment which contains genes encoding small serum proteins (SSPs) was deciphered. The genome segment contained five SSP genes (PfSSPs), PfSSP-4, PfSSP-5, PfSSP-1, PfSSP-2, and PfSSP-3 in this order and had characteristic configuration and constructions of the particular nucleotide sequences inserted. Comparison between the configurations of the inserted chicken repeat-1 (CR1) fragments of P. flavoviridis and Ophiophagus hannah (Oh) showed that the nucleotide segment encompassing from PfSSP-1 to PfSSP-2 was inverted. The inactive form of PfSSP-1, named PfSSP-1δ(Ψ), found in the intergenic region (I-Reg) between PfSSP-5 and PfSSP-1 had also been destroyed by insertions of the plural long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and DNA transposons. The L2 LINE inserted into the third intron or the particular repetitive sequences inserted into the second intron structurally divided five PfSSPs into two subgroups, the Long SSP subgroup of PfSSP-1, PfSSP-2 and PfSSP-5 or the Short SSP subgroup of PfSSP-3 and PfSSP-4. The mathematical analysis also showed that PfSSPs of the Long SSP subgroup evolved alternately in an accelerated and neutral manner, whereas those of the Short SSP subgroup evolved in an accelerated manner. Moreover, the ortholog analysis of SSPs of various snakes showed that the evolutionary emerging order of SSPs was as follows: SSP-5, SSP-4, SSP-2, SSP-1, and SSP-3. The unique interpretation about accelerated evolution and the novel idea that the transposable elements such as LINEs and DNA transposons are involved in maintaining the host genome besides its own transposition natures were proposed.
Feasibility study on lengthening the high‐voltage cable section and reducing the number of cable joints via alternative bonding methods
Authors: Li Mingzhen , Zhou Chengke , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Jun , Zhang Liang , Yao Leiming 
Published: June 2019

Among all failures in cable circuits, the failure rate of cable joints is much higher than that in cable bodies. In an effort to reduce cable failure rates and improve the reliability of power cable systems, this article studies the possibility of increasing the length of a cable section and thus reducing the number of cable joints via alternative sheath bonding methods. As the maximum length of an electrical cable section is governed by the permissible sheath standing voltage, this article first proposes a precise sheath voltage calculation model without approximations and simplifications. The sheath voltage per unit length has then been calculated for each bonding method using the proposed model. The maximum length of a cable section has then been calculated, based on the permissible sheath standing voltage, for the various sheath bonding methods. Results show that the traditional 500‐m minor section length could be increased to 2.21 km by using the single‐point bonding method. The maximum distance can be further lengthened by increasing the physical spacing among the three‐phase cables. The economic comparison for each bonding method has also been made. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to a HV cable circuit already in operation, and the operational data confirms the feasibility.
Les changements d’occupation des sols dans la Béqaa Ouest (Liban) : le rôle des actions anthropiques
Authors: El Hage Hassan Hussein , Ardillier-Carras Françoise , Charbel Laurence 
Published: June 2019

L’évolution des modes d’occupation du sol porte l’empreinte des activités anthropiques et correspond à un processus dynamique assez complexe, qui agit sur les ressources naturelles. La région agricole de la Béqaa Ouest est caractérisée par des conditions naturelles favorables pour une production agricole diversifiée. La télédétection montre l’ampleur des changements des modes d’occupation du sol entre 1962 et 2019. L’analyse diachronique révèle une régression du couvert végétal au profit des tissus urbains dans la plaine. L’interprétation des résultats doit tenir compte des causes locales de cette mutation en mettant en évidence les pratiques culturales et pastorales, les facteurs économiques, l’extension urbaine, les flux migratoires syriens et le déboisement qui fragilise le milieu en provoquant le décapage des couches superficielles. L’indice de brillance de l’image Ikonos de haute résolution indique la sévérité de cette dégradation. Tout cela interroge l’avenir agricole de cette région dont les productions constituent un apport essentiel aux marchés nationaux.
High prevalence of persistent pain 6 months after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and/or acromioclavicular joint resection
Authors: Brix Lone Dragnes , Thillemann Theis Muncholm , Bjørnholdt Karen Toftdahl , Nikolajsen Lone 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: The aims of this prospective study were to determine the prevalence of pain 6 months after arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) and/or acromioclavicular joint resection (AC resection), to reveal causes of the pain, and to identify risk factors for persistent pain.
Methods: Preoperatively, patients were tested for their endogenous capacity to modulate pain and completed questionnaires concerning psychological vulnerability. Patients with pain 6 months after surgery were examined by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon to reveal any shoulder pathology responsible for the pain.
Results: Data from 101 patients were available for analysis 6 months after surgery. Thirty-six patients had persistent pain: 32 underwent examination by the surgeon who identified shoulder pathology in ten patients, but not in the remaining 22 in whom ongoing insurance case, unemployment, and a general tendency to worry were risk factors for persistent pain.
Conclusion: The prevalence of persistent pain 6 months after ASD and/or AC resection was 35.6% (95% CI 26.1–45.8%) and the proportion of patients with shoulder pathology was 9.9%. An association between ongoing insurance case, unemployment, general tendency to worry (t-STAI), and unexplained persistent pain 6 months after surgery was found.
HNO-ärztliche Therapie des Schwindels bei älteren Patienten
Authors: Westhofen Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGait disturbance and risk for falls of the elderly are a major problem for neurotologic diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic differentiation especially in the case of acute vestibular syndrome and in cases of chronic or recurrent paroxysmal vestibular deficits is mandatory for treatment indications. Criteria for medical, surgical conservative and surgical destructive therapy as well as for vestibular rehabilitation are outlined.
Paramphistomidose – eine Übersicht zu Epidemiologie und
klinischer Symptomatik
Authors: Wenzel Christoph , Küchler Andrea , Strube Christina , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Paramphistomidose ist eine weltweit auftretende parasitäre Erkrankung bei
diversen Wiederkäuern, ausgelöst durch verschiedene Pansenegelarten (u. a.
Paramphistomum cervi, Calicophoron daubneyi und
Paramphistomum leydeni). In Europa sind lokale Vorkommen von
Pansenegelinfektionen bei Haus- und Wildwiederkäuern seit Jahrzehnten
beschrieben. Mittlerweile gibt es Hinweise, dass die Paramphistomidose an
Bedeutung gewinnt, denn in Großbritannien, Irland, Frankreich, Spanien, Belgien
und den Niederlanden wurden teilweise hohe Prävalenzen festgestellt. Aktuelle
Prävalenzdaten aus Deutschland liegen nicht vor. In neueren Untersuchungen in
Norddeutschland, Hessen und Bayern konnte Calicophoron daubneyi, die auch
in Europa aktuell am häufigsten vorkommende Pansenegelart, nachgewiesen werden.
Die Entwicklung des Pansenegels ist an Zwischenwirte aus der Familie der
Wasserlungenschnecken gebunden. Calicophoron daubneyi und der Große
Leberegel Fasciola hepatica teilen im Laufe ihrer Entwicklung den
gleichen Zwischenwirt, die Zwergschlammschnecke Galba truncatula. Der
Endwirt nimmt die infektiösen Metazerkarien auf. Im Dünndarm schlüpfen die
jungen Pansenegel und heften sich im Duodenum an. Danach wandern sie in den
Pansen ein, wo sie als Adulte anfangen, Eier auszuscheiden. Die Infektion kann
während der intestinalen Phase zu schwerem Durchfall und bei hoher
Befallsintensität zum Tod führen. Die ruminale Paramphistomidose verläuft in den
meisten Fällen subklinisch. Aktuell steht zur Diagnostik der koproskopische
Einachweis mittels Sedimentationsverfahren zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der
Ähnlichkeit besteht die Gefahr der Verwechslung mit Eiern des Großen Leberegels.
Die Paramphistomidose kann mit Oxyclozanid behandelt werden. Über die
Wirksamkeit anderer Wirkstoffe liegen widersprüchliche Ergebnisse vor. Umso
wichtiger erscheint die Prophylaxe dieser Parasitose. Bekämpfungsvorschläge
richten sich aufgrund der ähnlichen Epidemiologie nach den Empfehlungen, die zur
Vorbeugung der Fasziolose abgegeben werden. Ob es sich bei der Paramphistomidose
auch in Deutschland um eine sich ausbreitende Infektionskrankheit handelt, kann
aktuell noch nicht beurteilt werden.
Infektiös bedingte Aborte beim Rind – eigene Erfahrungen
und Untersuchungen aus dem Jahr 2018 (Januar–September)
Authors: Sodoma Eva , Mitterhuemer Simone , Krassnig Gerald , Stellnberger Karl , Reisp Katharina , Schmoll Friedrich , Dünser Michael 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Darstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse von 150
Abortfällen beim Rind aus dem Jahr 2018 (Januar–September).
Material und Methoden Je nach Einsendematerial und Anforderung erfolgten
serologische, bakteriologische und/oder molekularbiologische Untersuchungen zum
Nachweis von in Österreich anzeigepflichtigen und nicht anzeigepflichtigen
Aborterregern.
Ergebnisse Neben rein tierpathogenen Infektionserregern konnten bei je 1
Tier Brucella melitensis, Salmonella Dublin und bei 2 Feten
Coxiella burnetii nachgewiesen werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass im Zusammenhang mit Aborten
immer eine besondere Sorgfaltspflicht hinsichtlich Schutz der exponierten Person
(Landwirt, Tierarzt, Laborpersonal) erforderlich ist. Auch mit dem
Wiederauftreten von lange nicht mehr aufgetretenen Tierseuchen ist jederzeit zu
rechnen, wie aus dem aktuellen Brucella-Nachweis ersichtlich wird.
Klinische Relevanz Wichtigste Voraussetzung für eine hohe Aufklärungsrate
bei infektiös bedingten Aborten stellt die Wahl des geeigneten Probenmaterials
dar, nämlich Fetus mit Plazenta und maternale Blutproben. Aufgrund des großen
Erregerspektrums ist die Abortdiagnostik umfangreich und aufwendig.
Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kahilogullari Gokmen , Meco Cem , Beton Suha , Zaimoglu Murat , Ozgural Onur , Basak Hazan , Bozkurt Melih , Unlu Agahan 
Published: June 2019

Introduction In pediatric patients, endoscopic transnasal surgery (ETNS) poses challenges because of the small size of the developing skull and narrow endonasal corridors.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETNS in children by assessing our experience of endoscopic skull base surgery.
Materials and Methods All pediatric patients (n = 54) who were eligible for surgery using only the endonasal endoscopic approach at our tertiary center between 2012 and 2018 were included in this study. The surgeries were performed simultaneously by an endoscopic skull base team of neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists. Hormonal analyses were conducted before and after surgery in all patients with sellar/parasellar lesions. Patients older than 8 years underwent smell and visual testing.
Results In the 54 patients aged 1 to 17 years who underwent surgery, craniopharyngioma was the most common pathology (29.6%), followed by pituitary adenoma (22.2%). Gross total resection was achieved in 33 (76.7%) of 41 patients who underwent surgery because of the presence of tumors. All visual deficits improved, although one patient sustained olfactory deterioration. Sixteen (29.6%) patients presented with complications such as transient diabetes insipidus and temporary visual loss.
Conclusions Despite anatomy-related challenges in children, adequate results can be achieved with high rates of success, and the functional and anatomical integrity of the developing skull and nose of children can be preserved. In pediatric patients, ETNS is a safe and effective option for addressing various lesions along the skull base.
Why Should Clinicians Publish?
Authors: Choorakuttil Rijo Mathew 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOften, in personal conversations, we hear several reasons including time, resources, and usefulness of published reports and of research itself for the lack of interest by clinicians to publish scientific manuscripts. The number of patients treated is considered a more useful indicator of clinical care acumen than the number of scientific manuscripts published. I argue that publishing a scientific manuscript that results from a research study is an integral part of clinical medicine and that lack of publishing renders clinical care incomplete.
Cultural change in animals: a flexible behavioural adaptation to human disturbance
Authors: Gruber Thibaud , Luncz Lydia , Mörchen Julia , Schuppli Caroline , Kendal Rachel L. , Hockings Kimberley 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, researchers have increasingly documented the impact of anthropogenic activities on wild animals, particularly in relation to changes in behaviour. However, whether human-induced behavioural changes in wildlife may be considered evidence of cultural evolution remains an open question. We explored whether behavioural responses to different types of human activities in species already known to display behaviour transmitted through social learning, particularly non-human primates (NHPs), are suggestive of cultural evolution in the wild. Results indicate that human influence on NHP cultural repertoires includes the modification and disappearance of existing cultural traits, as well as the invention of novel traditions with the potential to become cultural. These examples are found mostly in the domain of food acquisition, where animals modify their diet to include new resources, and adopt novel foraging strategies to avoid humans. In summary, this paper suggests that human activities can act as a catalyst for cultural change in animals, both in terms of threatening existing traditions and fostering new ones. The current situation may echo environmental changes thought to have triggered major behavioural adaptations in our own evolutionary history and thus be useful for research on human cultural evolution. As wildlife is increasingly exposed to humans and their activities, understanding how animal behaviour patterns and cultures are impacted and change in response to anthropogenic factors is of growing conservation importance.
pHERV-W envelope protein fuels microglial cell-dependent damage of myelinated axons in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kremer David , Gruchot Joel , Weyers Vivien , Oldemeier Lisa , Göttle Peter , Healy Luke , Ho Jang Jeong , Kang T. Xu Yu , Volsko Christina , Dutta Ranjan , Trapp Bruce D. , Perron Hervé , Hartung Hans-Peter , Küry Patrick 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceThere is a broad repertoire of immunomodulatory drugs that effectively treat the inflammatory aspects of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). However, axonal degeneration, which occurs mainly in progressive MS, is still not understood and cannot be treated pharmaceutically. As it is the major factor contributing to clinical disability in MS, it represents an unmet clinical need. A recently completed phase IIb study has demonstrated that anti-pathogenic human endogenous retrovirus type W (pHERV-W) envelope protein (ENV) treatment results in a significant decrease of neurodegenerative brain atrophy in treated MS patients. For these results, the work presented here offers an explanation by demonstrating that, via myeloid cells, pHERV-W ENV directly harms axons.
The E3 ligase HOIL-1 catalyses ester bond formation between ubiquitin and components of the Myddosome in mammalian cells
Authors: Kelsall Ian R. , Zhang Jiazhen , Knebel Axel , Arthur J. Simon C. , Cohen Philip 
Published: June 2019

Significance
The formation of isopeptide bonds between the C-terminal carboxylate of ubiquitin and ε-amino groups of lysine residues on another protein is a major mechanism for regulating protein function. Ubiquitin can also form peptide bonds with the N-terminal α-amino group of another ubiquitin, a reaction catalysed by the HOIP component of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC). Here, we identify the HOIL-1 component of LUBAC as an unusual ligase that catalyses the formation of oxyester bonds between the C-terminal carboxylate of ubiquitin and serine and threonine residues in other proteins. We identify components of the Myddosome as physiological substrates of HOIL-1, indicating a role for HOIL-1 in regulating innate immunity.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies suppressors of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
Authors: Panganiban Ronald A. , Park Hae-Ryung , Sun Maoyun , Shumyatcher Maya , Himes Blanca E. , Lu Quan 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response contributes to the pathogenesis of myriad diseases. The molecular pathways leading to ER stress-induced cell death are well characterized; however, much less is known about how cells suppress excessive ER stress response to avoid apoptosis and restore homeostasis. Using a CRISPR-based loss-of-function genetic screen, our study uncovered multiple suppressors of ER stress response. These suppressors include a polycomb protein complex that directly inhibits the expression of the transcriptional factor central to ER stress-induced cell death and a microRNA that targets IRE1, a canonical ER stress pathway component. Our study reveals regulatory mechanisms that ameliorate potentially damaging stress response and provides potential therapeutic targets for pathologies whose etiology is linked to overactive ER stress response.
A symmetric geometry of transmembrane domains inside the B cell antigen receptor complex
Authors: Gottwick Cornelia , He Xiaocui , Hofmann Andreas , Vesper Niklas , Reth Michael , Yang Jianying 
Published: June 2019

Significance
The specific activation of B lymphocytes via the binding of antigen to their B cell antigen receptor (BCR) is of central importance for the establishment of humoral immunity and a successful vaccination. A better understanding of the antigen sensing process of B cells requires insight into the structure of the BCR comprising the mIg molecule and the Igα/Igβ heterodimer in a 1:1 complex. How a symmetric molecule such as the mIg molecule is asymmetrically associated with only one Igα/Igβ heterodimer has been a puzzle. We suggest that inside the lipid bilayer the BCR forms a symmetric Igα-mHC:mHC-Igβ complex. Our results give insight into the BCR structure and the B cell activation mechanism.
Palestinian Arabic dual formation in typically developing heritage speakers of Palestinian Arabic
Authors: Khamis-Dakwar Reem , Ahmar May , Froud Karen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study provides preliminary data on Palestinian Arabic and English plural elicitations in Palestinian Arabic heritage-speaking children in the United States. Since dual formation is present in Palestinian Arabic but not English, this kind of investigation could elucidate whether a shift from heritage language (Arabic) to language of environmental dominance (English) affects the ability to access L1 plural formation. An elicited production task was administered to 21 typically developing Palestinian Arabic heritage-speaking children, aged 5;04 to 9;11 years.1 The task was designed to elicit productions of Palestinian Arabic dual and sound and broken plural, and regular and irregular plurals in English. Half the items in each language and category were based on real words and the other half on pseudowords. Parent questionnaires provided background information. Findings revealed systematic effects of language, plural category, and lexicality. Dual production correlated with feminine plural formation in Arabic, and dual appeared to be preferred over masculine and broken plurals. Effects of lexicality across the two languages provided insight into distinct patterns of productivity for plural marking. Although effects of socioeconomic status were not found to be significant, parental education and home exposure to Palestinian Arabic correlated with children’s performance on irregular pluralization. Findings are discussed with a view to informing further studies.