bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplitude by Peak Interaction but No Evidence of Auditory Mismatch Response Deficits to Frequency Change in Preschool‐Aged Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kabella Danielle M. , Flynn Lucinda , Peters Amanda , Kodituwakku Piyadasa , Stephen Julia M. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPrior studies indicate that the auditory mismatch response is sensitive to early alterations in brain development in multiple developmental disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure is known to impact early auditory processing. The current study hypothesized alterations in the mismatch response in young children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).MethodsParticipants in this study were 9 children with a FASD and 17 control children (Control) aged 3 to 6 years. Participants underwent magnetoencephalography and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans separately. We compared groups on neurophysiological mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to auditory stimuli measured using the auditory oddball paradigm. Frequent (1,000 Hz) and rare (1,200 Hz) tones were presented at 72 dB.ResultsThere was no significant group difference in MMN response latency or amplitude represented by the peak located ~200 ms after stimulus presentation in the difference time course between frequent and infrequent tones. Examining the time courses to the frequent and infrequent tones separately, repeated measures analysis of variance with condition (frequent vs. rare), peak (N100m and N200m), and hemisphere as within‐subject factors and diagnosis and sex as the between‐subject factors showed a significant interaction of peak by diagnosis (p = 0.001), with a pattern of decreased amplitude from N100m to N200m in Control children and the opposite pattern in children with FASD. However, no significant difference was found with the simple effects comparisons. No group differences were found in the response latencies of the rare auditory evoked fields.ConclusionsThe results indicate that there was no detectable effect of alcohol exposure on the amplitude or latency of the MMNm response to simple tones modulated by frequency change in preschool‐aged children with FASD. However, while discrimination abilities to simple tones may be intact, early auditory sensory processing revealed by the interaction between N100m and N200m amplitude indicates that auditory sensory processing may be altered in children with FASD.
Intracranial, extraneural ectopic lymph node in a bovine (Bos taurus)
Authors: Clancy Chad S. , Van Wettere Arnaud J. , Hullinger Gordon A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe brain from a field necropsied 8‐month‐old feedlot heifer presenting with an acute history of depression, lethargy, dyspnoea and anorexia was evaluated grossly and by histopathology. The meninges overlying the left cerebral hemisphere contained a 12 × 26 × 32 mm, dark red, soft, ovoid mass. Histologic examination of this tissue revealed a well‐organized lymph node with normal architecture. Organization of reactive lymphoid tissue resembling normal lymph node architecture may occur under chronic stimulation. However, there are no known aggregates of lymphoid tissue present within the cranial vault in any veterinary species. This is the first reported case of an intracranial ectopic lymph node in any species.
The isothiocyanate sulforaphane modulates platelet function and protects against cerebral thrombotic dysfunction
Authors: Gillespie Scarlett , Holloway Paul M , Becker Felix , Rauzi Francesca , Vital Shantel A , Taylor Kirk A , Stokes Karen Y , Emerson Michael , Gavins Felicity N E 
Published: May 2018

Background and PurposePlatelet activation provides a critical link between inflammation and thrombosis. Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, has been shown to display both anti‐inflammatory and anti‐thrombotic actions in the systemic microvasculature. As inflammation promotes thrombosis and vice versa, in this study we investigated whether SFN is able to reduce inflammatory potentiation of thrombotic events, suppress platelet activation and thrombus formation in the cerebral microvasculature.Experimental ApproachThrombosis was induced in the murine brain using the light/dye‐injury model, in conjunction with LPS treatment, with and without SFN treatment. In vitro and in vivo platelet assays (aggregation, flow and other functional tests) were also employed, using both human and murine platelets.Key ResultsSFN was found to reduce LPS‐mediated enhancement of thrombus formation in the cerebral microcirculation. In tail‐bleed experiments, LPS treatment prolonged bleeding time, and SFN treatment was found to protect against this LPS‐induced derangement of platelet function. SFN inhibited collagen‐mediated platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo and the associated adhesion and impaired calcium signalling. Furthermore, glycoprotein VI was shown to be involved in the protective effects observed with SFN treatment.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe data presented here provide evidence for the use of SFN in preventing stroke in selected high‐risk patient cohorts.
Primary versus secondary tracheoesophageal puncture for voice rehabilitation in laryngectomy patients: A systematic review
Authors: Luu K. , Chang B.A. , Valenzuela D. , Anderson D. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundAmong voice restoration options following laryngectomy, tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) appears to be the most common. Currently, there is no consensus that exists with regard to the timing of performing TEP and the decision to perform a primary or secondary TEP has mostly been based on physician preference and expert opinion rather than data.Objective of ReviewThe objective of this study was to compare primary and secondary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) for voice rehabilitation in laryngectomy patients in terms of success and complication rates.Type of ReviewA systematic review of studies in the English literature was conducted for studies that directly compared primary and secondary TEP.Search StrategyA comprehensive search of MEDLINE (January 1948‐15 July 2016), EMBASE (January 1974‐15 July 2016) and Web of Science (January 1970‐15 July 2016) was performed.Evaluation MethodTwo authors (KL/BAC) independently reviewed titles and abstracts, read full‐text papers, extracted data and assessed quality. Disagreements were resolved via consensus. A third author (DV) resolved disagreements between reviewers when consensus was not possible.ResultsEleven retrospective clinical cohort studies were included. No randomised controlled trials were identified. Newcastle‐Ottawa score for assessment of quality ranged from 5 to 7. Success rate was defined differently across most studies. Two studies found higher success with primary TEP compared to secondary TEP; nine studies found no difference. Voice outcomes were inconsistently measured; no difference between groups was found in 4 studies. Complication rates were divided into TEP site related, infectious and stenosis. No difference between primary and secondary TEP was found in all but one study which showed a higher rate of pharyngocutaneous fistula in the primary TEP group in salvage laryngectomy patients.ConclusionsThere is no robust evidence to suggest that primary TEP is associated with poorer outcomes compared to secondary TEP. A well‐designed randomised controlled trial is required to appropriately answer this question.
The effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes: A double‐blind, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial
Authors: Noronha Jarvis C. , Braunstein Catherine R. , Glenn Andrea J. , Khan Tauseef A. , Viguiliouk Effie , Noseworthy Rebecca , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Kendall Cyril W. C. , Wolever Thomas M. S. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Sievenpiper John L. 
Published: May 2018

AimTo assess and compare the effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial blood glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.MethodsA double‐blind, multiple‐crossover, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial in 24 participants with type 2 diabetes was conducted. Each participant was randomly assigned six treatments separated by >1‐week washouts. Treatments consisted of fructose or allulose at 0 g (control), 5 g or 10 g added to a 75‐g glucose solution. A standard 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test protocol was followed with blood samples at −30, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The primary outcome measure was plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC).ResultsAllulose significantly reduced plasma glucose iAUC by 8% at 10 g compared with 0 g (717.4 ± 38.3 vs. 777.5 ± 39.9 mmol × min/L, P = 0.015) with a linear dose response gradient between the reduction in plasma glucose iAUC and dose (P = 0.016). Allulose also significantly reduced several related secondary and exploratory outcome measures at 5 g (plasma glucose absolute mean and total AUC) and 10 g (plasma glucose absolute mean, absolute and incremental maximum concentration [Cmax], and total AUC) (P < .0125). There was no effect of fructose at any dose. Although allulose showed statistically significant reductions in plasma glucose iAUC compared with fructose at 5 g, 10 g and pooled doses, these reductions were within the pre‐specified equivalence margins of ±20%.ConclusionAllulose, but not fructose, led to modest reductions in the postprandial blood glucose response to oral glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes. There is a need for long‐term randomized trials to confirm the sustainability of these improvements.
The management of type 2 diabetes with fixed‐ratio combination insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus basal‐bolus therapy (insulin glargine U100 plus insulin aspart): A short‐term cost‐effectiveness analysis in the UK setting
Authors: Drummond Russell , Malkin Samuel , Du Preez Michelle , Lee Xin Ying , Hunt Barnaby 
Published: May 2018

AimTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of IDegLira versus basal‐bolus therapy (BBT) with insulin glargine U100 plus up to 4 times daily insulin aspart for the management of type 2 diabetes in the UK.MethodsA Microsoft Excel model was used to evaluate the cost‐utility of IDegLira versus BBT over a 1‐year time horizon. Clinical input data were taken from the treat‐to‐target DUAL VII trial, conducted in patients unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (HbA1c <7.0%) with basal insulin, with IDegLira associated with lower rates of hypoglycaemia and reduced body mass index (BMI) in comparison with BBT, with similar HbA1c reductions. Costs (expressed in GBP) and event‐related disutilities were taken from published sources. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsIDegLira was associated with an improvement of 0.05 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) versus BBT, due to reductions in non‐severe hypoglycaemic episodes and BMI with IDegLira. Costs were higher with IDegLira by GBP 303 per patient, leading to an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of GBP 5924 per QALY gained for IDegLira versus BBT. ICERs remained below GBP 20 000 per QALY gained across a range of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIDegLira is a cost‐effective alternative to BBT with insulin glargine U100 plus insulin aspart, providing equivalent glycaemic control with a simpler treatment regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin in the UK.
Exercising the hepatobiliary‐gut axis. The impact of physical activity performance
Authors: Molina‐Molina Emilio , Lunardi Baccetto Raquel , Wang David Q.‐H. , de Bari Ornella , Krawczyk Marcin , Portincasa Piero 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPhysical inactivity puts the populations at risk of several health problems, while regular physical activity brings beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease, mortality and other health outcomes, including obesity, glycaemic control and insulin resistance. The hepatobiliary tract is greatly involved in several metabolic aspects which include digestion and absorption of nutrients in concert with intestinal motility, bile acid secretion and flow across the enterohepatic circulation and intestinal microbiota. Several metabolic abnormalities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver as well as cholesterol cholelithiasis, represent two conditions explained by changes of the aforementioned pathways.Materials and MethodsThis review defines different training modalities and discusses the effects of physical activity in two metabolic disorders, that is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cholelithiasis. Emphasis is given to pathogenic mechanisms involving intestinal bile acids, microbiota and inflammatory status.ResultsA full definition of physical activity includes the knowledge of aerobic and endurance exercise, metabolic equivalent tasks, duration, frequency and intensity, beneficial and harmful effects. Physical activity influences the hepatobiliary‐gut axis at different levels and brings benefits to fat distribution, liver fat and gallbladder disease while interacting with bile acids as signalling molecules, intestinal microbiota and inflammatory changes in the body.ConclusionsSeveral beneficial effects of physical activity are anticipated on metabolic disorders linking liver steatosis, gallstone disease, gut motility, enterohepatic circulation of signalling bile acids in relation to intestinal microbiota and inflammatory changes.
Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in dialysis‐dependent multiple myeloma patients—DAUTOS Study of the Polish Myeloma Study Group
Authors: Waszczuk‐Gajda Anna , Lewandowski Zbigniew , Drozd‐Sokołowska Joanna , Boguradzki Piotr , Dybko Jarosław , Wróbel Tomasz , Basak Grzegorz Władysław , Jurczyszyn Artur , Mądry Krzysztof , Snarski Emilian , Frączak Ewa , Charliński Grzegorz , Feliksbrot‐Bratosiewicz Magdalena , Król Małgorzata , Matuszkiewicz‐Rowińska Joanna , Klinger Marian , Krajewska Magdalena , Augustyniak‐Bartosik Hanna , Kościelska Małgorzata , Rusicka Patrycja , Dwilewicz‐Trojaczek Jadwiga , Wiktor Jędrzejczak Wieslaw 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionDialysis‐dependent (DD) multiple myeloma patients (MM) have a poor prognosis and high tumour burden, thus may benefit from autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto‐PBSCT), however, these patients have an increased risk of toxicity.AimsTo evaluate the outcomes (toxicity, PFS, OS) of high dose therapy followed by auto‐PBSCT during an observational study and after propensity score matching.Patients and methodsBetween 2004‐2015, 24 DD patients, (aged 38‐67 years), ISS 3, treated with auto‐PBSCT, requiring dialysis at diagnosis and auto‐PBSCT were evaluated, matched and compared to 55 normal renal function MM patients (NRF) with ISS 3 for outcomes of interest.ResultsIn DD patients compared to NRF patients risk of mucositis (88% vs 55%), infection (79% vs 51%), parenteral nutrition (50% vs 24%), diarrhoea (71% vs 38%), prolonged duration of hospitalisation (medians: 30 vs 21 days), requirement for RBC transfusion (83% vs 36%) were significantly higher, while no significant differences were found in post‐transplant response (ORR; 75% vs 87%), 5‐year PFS (36% vs 20%) and OS (39% vs 50%). Subgroup analyses based on toxicity supported these results.ConclusionsDespite the increased risk of toxicity in DD patients these events do not significantly affect both the PFS and OS.
Sexual behaviour is impaired by the abused inhalant toluene in adolescent male rats
Authors: Violante‐Soria Valeria , Cruz Silvia L. , Rodríguez‐Manzo Gabriela 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInhalant misuse is a worldwide problem, especially among adolescents. Toluene is the most widely misused inhalant. One hallmark of adolescence is the emergence of sexual behaviour, which can be affected by drug use. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of toluene inhalation on different aspects of male rats’ sexual behaviour using a binge pattern of exposure in adolescent rats. Male Wistar rats were individually exposed to air or 6,000 ppm toluene for 30 min (acute exposure; n = 8 each) or twice a day for 12 days (repeated exposure; n = 9 each) in static exposure chambers. Independent groups of sexually experienced, adolescent rats (postnatal day 63, PN63) were tested after acute toluene exposure for copulation, sexual incentive motivation or noncontact erections. Sexually naïve, adolescent rats (PN45–59) were repeatedly exposed to toluene and tested for sexual behaviour after completing the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th exposure sessions. Acute toluene exposure impaired copulatory performance, diminished sexual incentive motivation and delayed noncontact erection occurrence in sexually experienced rats. Repeated toluene exposure during adolescence completely inhibited the onset of copulatory behaviours in sexually naïve rats, at the time at which they should have appeared. However, once the inhalant exposure ended, copulatory responses appeared gradually, and animals attained a typical, stable copulatory pattern. In conclusion, acute toluene exposure impairs sexual behaviour in young, sexually experienced animals, while repeated toluene exposure during adolescence prevents the onset of copulatory behaviour, although this effect is transitory.
SIG1459: A novel phytyl‐cysteine derived TLR2 modulator with in vitro and clinical anti‐acne activity
Authors: Fernández José R. , Webb Corey , Rouzard Karl , Healy Jason , Tamura Masanori , Voronkov Michael , Huber Kristen L. , Stock Jeffry B. , Stock Maxwell , Gordon Joel S. , Pérez Edwardo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of acne. C. acnes initiates an innate immune response in keratinocytes via recognition and activation of toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR2), a key step in comedogenesis. Tetramethyl‐hexadecenyl‐cysteine‐formylprolinate (SIG1459), a novel anti‐acne isoprenylcysteine (IPC) small molecule, is shown in this study to have direct antibacterial activity and inhibit TLR2 inflammatory signalling. In vitro antibacterial activity of SIG1459 against C. acnes was established demonstrating minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC = 8.5 μmol\L), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC = 16.1 μmol\L) and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC = 12.5 μmol\L). To assess SIG1459's anti‐inflammatory activity, human keratinocytes were exposed to C. acnes and different TLR2 ligands (peptidoglycan, FSL‐1, Pam3CSK4) that induce pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐8 and IL‐1α production. Results demonstrate SIG1459 inhibits TLR2‐induced IL‐8 release from TLR2/TLR2 (IC50 = 0.086 μmol\L), TLR2/6 (IC50 = 0.209 μmol\L) and IL‐1α from TLR2/TLR2 (IC50 = 0.050 μmol\L). To assess the safety and in vivo anti‐acne activity of SIG1459, a vehicle controlled clinical study was conducted applying 1% SIG1459 topically (n = 35 subjects) in a head‐to‐head comparison against 3% BPO (n = 15 subjects). Utilizing the Investigator Global Assessment scale for acne as primary endpoint, results demonstrate 1% SIG1459 significantly outperformed 3% BPO over 8 weeks, resulting in 79% improvement as compared to 56% for BPO. Additionally, 1% SIG1459 was well tolerated. Thus, SIG1459 and phytyl IPC compounds represent a novel anti‐acne technology that provides a safe dual modulating benefit by killing C. acnes and reducing the inflammation it triggers via TLR2 signalling.
The use of statolith analyses and particle‐tracking experiments to reveal the migratory route of the swordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) caught on the Pacific side of Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi T. , Aketagawa T. , Miyamoto M. , Hirose N. , Matsuyama M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo verify the hypothesis that swordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) harvested on the eastern and western sides of Japan originate from a single stock, which is transported from the East China Sea, the hatching ground and migratory route of squid collected from the eastern (Pacific) side of Japan were estimated using micro‐increment counts and the Sr:Ca ratios in statoliths as well as backward and forward particle‐tracking experiments. The results of both the empirical water temperatures estimated by the Sr:Ca ratios in the statoliths as well as the trajectories and ambient water temperatures of the particles in the experiments supported the hypothesis, suggesting that the sampled individuals experienced cold waters caused by upwelling, originating from the Kuroshio off northern Taiwan. It was found that the environmental settings in the particle‐tracking experiments of this study adequately represented the habitats of the squid and that the movement of this species is highly dependent on currents. This information is essential to establishing a stock management system for sustainable fishing.
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: 10 Myths and Misperceptions
Authors: Kranz Peter G. , Gray Linda , Amrhein Timothy J. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo discuss common myths and misperceptions about spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), focusing on common issues related to diagnosis and treatment, and to review the evidence that contradicts and clarifies these myths.BackgroundRecognition of SIH has increased in recent years. With increasing recognition, however, has come an increased demand for management by neurologists and headache specialists, some of whom have little prior experience with the condition. This dearth of practical experience, and lack of awareness of recent investigations into SIH, produces heterogeneity in diagnostic and treatment pathways, driven in part by outdated, confusing, or unsubstantiated conceptions of the condition. We sought to address this heterogeneity by identifying 10 myths and misperceptions that we frequently encounter when receiving referrals for suspected or confirmed SIH, and to review the literature addressing these topics.MethodsTen topics relevant to diagnosis and treatment SIH were generated by the authors. A search for studies addressing SIH was conducted using PubMed and EMBASE, limited to English language only, peer reviewed publications from inception to 2018. Individual case reports were excluded. The resulting studies were reviewed for relevance to the topics in question.ResultsThe search generated 557 studies addressing SIH; 75 case reports were excluded. Fifty‐four studies were considered to be of high relevance to the topics addressed, and were included in the data synthesis. The topics are presented in the form of a narrative review.ConclusionsThe understanding of SIH has evolved over the recent decades, leading to improvements in knowledge about the pathophysiology of the condition, diagnostic strategies, and expanded treatments. Awareness of these changes, and dispelling outdated misconceptions about SIH, is critical to providing appropriate care for patients and guiding future investigations going forward.