bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exit tunnel modulation as resistance mechanism of S. aureus erythromycin resistant mutant
Authors: Halfon Yehuda , Matzov Donna , Eyal Zohar , Bashan Anat , Zimmerman Ella , Kjeldgaard Jette , Ingmer Hanne , Yonath Ada 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe clinical use of the antibiotic erythromycin (ery) is hampered owing to the spread of resistance genes that are mostly mutating rRNA around the ery binding site at the entrance to the protein exit tunnel. Additional effective resistance mechanisms include deletion or insertion mutations in ribosomal protein uL22, which lead to alterations of the exit tunnel shape, located 16 Å away from the drug’s binding site. We determined the cryo-EM structures of the Staphylococcus aureus 70S ribosome, and its ery bound complex with a two amino acid deletion mutation in its ß hairpin loop, which grants the bacteria resistance to ery. The structures reveal that, although the binding of ery is stable, the movement of the flexible shorter uL22 loop towards the tunnel wall creates a wider path for nascent proteins, thus enabling bypass of the barrier formed by the drug. Moreover, upon drug binding, the tunnel widens further.
Entropic uncertainty relations for quantum information scrambling
Authors: Yunger Halpern Nicole , Bartolotta Anthony , Pollack Jason 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDifferent fields of physics characterize differently how much two quantum operations disagree: quantum information theory features uncertainty relations cast in terms of entropies. The higher an uncertainty bound, the less compatible the operations. In condensed matter and high-energy physics, initially localized, far-apart operators come to disagree as entanglement spreads through a quantum many-body system. This spread, called “scrambling,” is quantified with the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). We unite these two measures of operation disagreement by proving entropic uncertainty relations for scrambling. The uncertainty bound depends on the quasiprobability (the nonclassical generalization of a probability) known to average to the OTOC. The quasiprobability strengthens the uncertainty bound, we find, when a spin chain scrambles in numerical simulations. Hence our entropic uncertainty relations reflect the same incompatibility as scrambling, uniting two fields’ notions of quantum-operation disagreement.
Characterization of the binding mechanism and conformational changes of bovine serum albumin upon interaction with aluminum-maltol: a spectroscopic and molecular docking study
Authors: Cheng Dai , Wang Xuerui , Tang Jinlei , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Chunling , Li He 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The widespread use of aluminum in the treatment of drinking water, food, agriculture and pharmaceuticals has greatly increased the risk of human exposure to excess aluminum, which is a serious health hazard to human beings. In our previous work, serum albumin was reported to have a specific affinity for aluminum. However, the mechanism of binding of aluminum to serum albumin was unclear. In this work, the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aluminum-maltol (Al-Mal) was studied by molecular docking and spectroscopic analysis. The results show that the combination of Al-Mal and BSA is a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The binding force is mainly related to the hydrophobic force and hydrogen bonding; when the ratio of BSA to Al-Mal was 1 : 10, the random coils of BSA increased by 47.6%. In addition, the hydrophobicity of BSA was enhanced after combining with Al-Mal. This study can provide a theoretical evidence for the binding mechanism of food-borne aluminum and serum albumin.
Integrated network pharmacology and targeted metabolomics to reveal the mechanism of nephrotoxicity of triptolide
Authors: Huang Wei , Liu Chuanxin , Xie Lijuan , Wang Yuming , Xu Yanyan , Li Yubo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTriptolide (TP) is one of the important active components in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., which shows strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, a large number of literature studies have reported that TP is the main component causing nephrotoxicity, and the mechanism of nephrotoxicity has not yet been revealed. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to clarify the toxicity mechanism of TP. This study integrated network pharmacology and targeted metabolomics to reveal the nephrotoxicity mechanism of TP. Firstly, network pharmacology screening of 61 action targets related to TP induced nephrotoxicity, with 39 direct targets and 22 indirect targets, was performed. Subsequently, based on a large-scale protein–protein interaction (PPI) and molecular docking validation, the core targets were identified. Based on the above targets and enrichment analysis, the purine metabolism, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway were found play a pivotal role in TP-induced nephrotoxicity. Literature investigation showed that purine and pyrimidine metabolism pathways were closely related to kidney diseases. Therefore, by using the quantitative method of determining endogenous purine and pyrimidine previously established in the laboratory, a targeted metabolomic analysis of TP was carried out. Finally, six nephrotoxicity biomarkers, dihydroorotate, thymidine, 2-deoxyinosine, uric acid, adenosine and xanthine, were found. Combining the above results, the mechanisms underlying the nephrotoxicity of TP were speculated to be due to the over-consumption of xanthine and uric acid, which would result in enormous ROS being released in response to oxidative stress in the body. Furthermore, activation of the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway can promotes the phosphorylation of the downstream protein NF-κB and causes an inflammatory response that ultimately leads to nephrotoxicity.
Treatment for Word Retrieval in Semantic and Logopenic Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Immediate and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Henry Maya L. , Hubbard H. Isabel , Grasso Stephanie M. , Dial Heather R. , Beeson Pélagie M. , Miller Bruce L. , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Recent studies confirm the utility of speech-language intervention in primary progressive aphasia (PPA); however, long-term outcomes, ideal dosage parameters, and relative benefits of intervention across clinical variants warrant additional investigation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether naming treatment affords significant, lasting, and generalized improvement for individuals with semantic and logopenic PPA and whether dosage manipulations significantly affect treatment outcomes.

Method

Eighteen individuals with PPA (9 semantic and 9 logopenic variant) underwent lexical retrieval treatment designed to leverage spared cognitive–linguistic domains and develop self-cueing strategies to promote naming. One group (
n
= 10) underwent once-weekly treatment sessions, and the other group (
n
= 8) received the same treatment with 2 sessions per week and an additional “booster” treatment phase at 3 months post-treatment. Performance on trained and untrained targets/tasks was measured immediately after treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment.

Results
Outcomes from the full cohort of individuals with PPA showed significantly improved naming of trained items immediately post-treatment and at all follow-up assessments through 1 year. Generalized improvement on untrained items was significant up to 6 months post-treatment. The positive response to treatment was comparable regardless of session frequency or inclusion of a booster phase. Outcomes were comparable across PPA subtypes, as was maintenance of gains over the post-treatment period.

Conclusion
This study documents positive naming treatment outcomes for a group of individuals with PPA, demonstrating strong direct treatment effects, maintenance of gains up to 1 year post-treatment, and generalization to untrained items. Lexical retrieval treatment, in conjunction with daily home practice, had a strong positive effect that did not require more than 1 clinician-directed treatment session per week. Findings confirm that strategic training designed to capitalize on spared cognitive–linguistic abilities results in significant and lasting improvement, despite ongoing disease progression, in PPA.
The Simple Aphasia Stress Scale
Authors: Laures-Gore Jacqueline , Rice Kenneth G. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Clinically accessible and concise measures of acute stress in adults with aphasia are lacking. The current article evaluated some psychometric features of a single-item self-report measure of acute stress in adults with aphasia, the Simple Aphasia Stress Scale.

Method
Three archival data sets utilizing varying iterations of a stress scale developed for studies of stress in adults with aphasia were included in the present analysis.

Results
The single-item stress scale had good levels of absolute and relative stability. Scores were generally unaffected by aphasia severity, age, or sex. The scale was strongly correlated with emotional arousal.

Conclusion
The single-item scale performed reasonably well across different studies and psychometric indicators. A 7-point rather than a 5-point response version of the scale was recommended as a clinically accessible and concise measure of acute stress in adults with aphasia. Future research should examine whether the tendency for adults with aphasia to use a restricted range of lower stress responses was due to underreporting, not perceiving acute stress, or some other factor. The high correlation between stress and arousal in women suggests that there needs to be further investigation of discriminant validity. Future work should also expand the scope of variables to evaluate further evidence of convergent and criterion-related validity.
Characterisation of the continuum and kinematical properties of nearby NLS1
Authors: Oio Gabriel A. , Vega Luis R. , Schmidt Eduardo O. , Ferreiro Diego 
Published: August 2019

Aims. In order to study the slope and strength of the non-stellar continuum, we analysed a sample from nearby Narrow Line Seyfert 1 (NLS1). Also, we re-examined the location of NLS1 galaxies on the MBH − σ⋆ relation, using the stellar velocity dispersion and the [OIII]λ5007 emission line as a surrogate of the former.
Methods. We studied spectra of a sample of 131 NLS1 galaxies taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7. We approached determining the non-stellar continuum by employing the spectral synthesis technique, which uses the code STARLIGHT, and by adopting a power-law base to model the non-stellar continuum. Composite spectra of NLS1 galaxies were also obtained based on the sample. In addition, we obtained the stellar velocity dispersion from the code and by measuring Calcium II Triplet absorption lines and [OIII] emission lines. From Gaussian decomposition of the Hβ profile we calculated the black hole mass.
Results. We obtained a median slope of β = −1.6 with a median fraction of contribution of the non-stellar continuum to the total flux of 0.64. We determined black hole masses in the range of log(MBH/M⊙) = 5.6–7.5, which is in agreement with previous works. We found a correlation between the luminosity of the broad component of Hβ and black hole mass with the fraction of a power-law component. Finally, according to our results, NLS1 galaxies in our sample are located mostly underneath the MBH − σ⋆ relation, both considering the stellar velocity dispersion (σ⋆) and the core component of [OIII]λ5007.
Des drones à la mine d’uranium : applications au sein du groupe Orano
Authors:   Directions d’Orano Mines et la direction de la communication Orano
Published: August 2019

Les drones sont devenus indispensables dans de nombreux metiers. Les activites minieres et de demantelement n’echappent pas a cette innovation de premier plan. Ils sont ainsi utilises dans les differentes etapes de la vie d’une mine, de l’exploration au suivi de travaux miniers, mais aussi a l’interieur des batiments d’un site nucleaire.
L’aventure de l’utilisation des drones au sein des activites minieres d’Orano a debute en 2012 a l’occasion de la conference organisee par l’EAGE (European Association Geoscientists & Engineers) sur le site de Saint-Quentin en Yvelines. Un atelier sur la teledetection anime par une societe exterieure a fait prendre conscience aux equipes de l’importance de l’enjeu : l’utilisation de drones permettrait de repondre a un certain nombre de besoins du groupe, et ceci a toutes les etapes de l’activite miniere.
Das neue ISUP 2014/WHO 2016 Prostatakarzinom-Grading – Status quo 5 Jahre nach seiner Einführung
Authors: Hupe Marie Christine , Offermann Anne , Sailer Verena , Merseburger Axel S. , Perner Sven 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Jahr 2014 wurde durch die ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) eine Modifikation des Gradings für das Prostatakarzinom (PCa) eingeführt, welches 2016 von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) anerkannt und übernommen wurde. Neben der Definition von 5 „Grade Groups“ wurden auch einige histomorphologische Kriterien angepasst. Unsere Übersichtsarbeit stellt die Ergebnisse aller aktuellen Studien und deren Bewertungen des neuen Gradings zusammen.
Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in der PubMed-Datenbank. Insgesamt sind aus dem Zeitraum 2016 – 2018 15 Studien identifiziert und in die Übersicht eingeschlossen worden.
Ergebnisse Die Hauptziele des neuen ISUP 2014/WHO 2016 PCa-Gradings sind ein (I) präziseres und vereinfachtes Grading, (II) eine verringerte Übertherapie indolenter PCa und (III) eine verbesserte Kommunikation mit den Patienten. Die Mehrzahl der Studien wählte das biochemische Rezidiv als Endpunkt und bescheinigte dem neuen Grading eine höhere prognostische Wertigkeit im Vergleich zum früheren Gleason Grading. Interessanterweise war es jedoch nur in wenigen Studien klar ersichtlich, dass die archivierten Proben tatsächlich auch nach den modifizierten histomorphologischen Kriterien reevaluiert („Re-Grading“) und nicht nur in die neuen „Grade Groups“ übersetzt wurden („Re-Grouping“).
Schlussfolgerung Die Mehrheit der analysierten Studien bestätigt die prognostische Wertigkeit des neuen ISUP 2014/WHO 2016 Gradings und empfiehlt dessen weltweite Anwendung. Jedoch muss bei der Interpretation bisheriger Studien berücksichtigt werden, dass das notwendige „Re-Grading“ als korrekte Anwendung des neuen Gradings nicht immer klar ersichtlich war.
Uterus-preserving Laparoscopic Lateral Suspension with Mesh Operation in Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Initial Experience in a Single Tertiary Center with a Median 24-Month Follow-up
Authors: Yassa Murat , Tug Niyazi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction Laparoscopic lateral suspension with mesh (LLSM) is an effective and less invasive technique for the correction of pelvic organ prolapse. We discuss the primary objectives, subjective success rate and pelvic floor ultrasound outcomes of uterus-preserving LLSM operations.
Patients and Methods Seventeen patients who underwent uterus-preserving LLSM (abdominocervicopexy) in a tertiary center were included in this prospective study. Anatomical cure was defined separately for the apical and anterior compartments as a Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) score of less than − 1 cm for each compartment. Subjective cure was defined as the absence of bulge symptoms. Patient satisfaction, sexual function, prolapse-related quality of life, voiding dysfunction, nocturia and constipation were assessed. Transperineal ultrasonography was used to measure anterior compartment mobility and hiatal anteroposterior diameter.
Results The anatomical cure rate was 100% for the apical and 88.2% for the anterior compartment, with one symptomatic stage-II cystorectocele and one asymptomatic stage-II cystocele. The subjective cure and patient satisfaction scores were 94.12 and 100%, respectively. Ba and C points were significantly improved, and vaginal lengthening was 10.14 ± 4.19 mm. Bp ascent was 5.72 ± 11.27 mm (p = 0.053). Proximal urethral rotation and retrovesical angles were reduced by 6.24 ± 11.95° and 27 ± 47.2°, respectively (p1 = 0.047; p2 = 0.032). The hiatal anteroposterior diameter was shortened by 4.36% (p = 0.039). A significant improvement was seen with regard to nocturia episodes but not for constipation. No mesh exposure was observed.
Conclusions Uterus-preserving LLSM (abdominocervicopexy) was found to be effective for the correction of apical and anterior prolapse with high levels of patient satisfaction. Significant improvements in urge symptoms and frequency of nocturia were observed. Pelvic floor ultrasound outcomes may be useful when comparing this procedure with other surgical techniques.
Alkoholkonsumstörungen und Suizidalität: Ein narratives Review
Authors: Preuss Ulrich W. , Wong Jessica Wei Mooi 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungEpidemiologisch ist die Häufigkeit von Suizidalität bei Personen mit einer Alkoholkonsumstörung hoch und in der Diagnostik und Behandlung der Betroffenen oftmals eine Herausforderung. Ziel dieser narrativen Übersicht ist es, nicht nur Risikofaktoren für suizidale Ideationen und Handlungen zu identifizieren, sondern auch Hinweise auf Diagnostik und Behandlung aufzuzeigen. Risikofaktoren beinhalten affektiven Störungen, impulsives und aggressives Verhalten, Drogenkonsumstörungen sowie die Schwere der Alkoholabhängigkeit. Veränderungen in der Neurotransmission des serotonergen und noradrenergen Systems und eine Dysfunktion des präfrontalen Kortex sind von biologischer Seite beteiligt. Behandlungssuchende Alkoholkranke weisen oftmals multiple Risikofaktoren auf. Für die Diagnostik weist eine Vorgeschichte von Suizidversuchen auf eine höhere Krankheitslast komorbider psychischer Störungen hin. In der Behandlung wurden psychotherapeutische Strategien wie die kognitive Therapie, die DBT (dialektisch behaviorale Therapie) und die Behandlung der affektiven Störungen mit Antidepressiva als mögliche Behandlungsansätze vorgestellt. Zukünftige Studien sollten die Wirksamkeit dieser Ansätze bestätigen und neue Strategien entwickeln und erproben.
Capsule Endoscopy: What We Know and What Is New in the Horizon
Authors: Chauhan Virender , Tanwar Amit , Nijhawan Sandeep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCapsule endoscopy (CE) is an advancing noninvasive technology primarily meant for small-bowel visualization, which has expanded its scope and has become a game changer in evaluation and management of various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases with special emphasis on obscure GI bleeding. The aim of this review is to know the basic aspects of CE and recent advances with clinical evidence.
A Baby Feeding Nipple: Simple, Cost effective, and Safe Technique for Removal of Denture
Authors: Gupta Gaurav Kumar , Gawande Atul , Sharma Deepak , Nijhawan Sandeep 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Denture ingestion occurs commonly in the elderly and frequently impacted in the esophagus due to the sharp edges. This can lead to serious complications such as perforation. We are describing here a simple, cost effective and safe technique for removal of dentures.
Material and methods: We used a handmade hood protector made from baby feeding nipple with rat-toothed forceps to safely remove ingested denture in two middle aged patients. Both patients had subcutaneous emphysema.
Results: Dentures were removed successfully in both patients. Following denture removal, endoscopic examination of the esophagus did not show any sign of mucosal damage, ulceration, bleeding, or perforation.
Conclusion: We successfully and safely removed denture from the stomach using handmade hood designed from a baby feeding tube. It may be beneficial for wide visual field and safety. It is an easy, effective, and safe design for the removal of sharp foreign bodies like dentures.
Clinical, Imaging, and Endoscopic Profile of Patients with Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Shafiq Syed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aims: The aim is to study the clinical, imaging, and endoscopic profile of patients with abdominal tuberculosis (TB) in a tertiary care center.
Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at Meenakshi Medical College Hospital, Kancheepuram, over a 3-year period, from March 2011 to February 2014. A total of 76 patients were diagnosed with abdominal TB based on their clinical, pathological, endoscopic, and radiological features. A meticulous history and physical examination with complete blood count, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, chest X-ray, ultrasound abdomen, upper endoscopy, and colonoscopy was performed. Barium study, ascitic fluid analysis, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with peritoneal biopsies where need be were also obtained. All the patients received antituberculosis treatment (ATT) under close surveillance and monitoring.
Results: The total number of patients enrolled in our study was 76 with age ranging from 18 to 75 years; 40 were male and 36 were female. There was a significant overlap of symptoms, and most of the patients presented with a multitude of complaints. Abdominal pain was the most common complaint noted in 70 patients, followed by loss of appetite and weight loss in 52, fever in 48, constipation in 28, abdominal distention in 14, and diarrhea in 6 patients. Two patients presented with acute intestinal obstruction requiring emergency surgical intervention. Fever was the most common finding followed by anemia, ascites, abdominal tenderness, and a palpable abdominal mass. A history of pulmonary Koch's was elicited in 28 patients, and 17 had defaulted on treatment. All the patients enrolled in our study received ATT although six were lost to follow-up.
Conclusions: Abdominal TB can present with a myriad of signs and symptoms, and early diagnosis and treatment are the keys for an effective cure and for reducing the morbidity and mortality from this chronic granulomatous disease.
Accuracy of MRI Diagnosis of Meniscal Tears of the Knee: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Zheng , Peng Hui-Ming , Bian Yan-Yan , Li Ye , Qian Wen-Wei , Weng Xi-Sheng , Jin Jin , Yang Xin-Yu , Lin Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the overall diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected meniscal tears. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase database updated to November 2017 were searched by the index words to identify qualified studies, including prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies. Literature was also identified by tracking using reference lists. Heterogeneity of the included studies was reviewed to select proper effects model for pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) analyses were performed for meniscal tears. A total of 17 studies were involved in this meta-analysis to explore the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for meniscal tears. The global sensitivity and specificity of MRI of meniscal tears were 92.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88.0–95.0%) and 90.0% (95% CI: 85.0–95.0%) in medial meniscal tears, and 80.0% (95% CI: 66.0–89.0%) and 95.0% (95% CI: 91.0–97.0%) in lateral meniscal tears, respectively. Moreover, the global positive and negative likelihood ratio of MRI of meniscal tears were 10.33 (95% CI: 6.04–17.67) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05–0.14) in medial meniscal tears; 16.48 (95% CI: 8.81–30.83) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.12–0.37) in lateral meniscal tears, respectively. The global DOR was 81.69 (95% CI: 37.94–175.91) in medial meniscal tears and 56.59 (95% CI: 22.51–142.28) in lateral meniscal tears. The results of area under the SROC indicated high accuracy in medial meniscal tears (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98) and lateral meniscal tears (AUC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.97). This review presents a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI of meniscal tears. Moderate-to-strong evidence suggests that MRI appears to be associated with higher diagnostic accuracy for detecting medial and lateral meniscal tears.