bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropipette Contact Method to Investigate High‐Energy Cathode Materials by using an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Dayeh Malak , Ghavidel M. R. Zamanzad , Mauzeroll Janine , Schougaard Steen B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was used in the scanning micropipette contact method to extend the electrochemical window of the electrolyte solution and enable the study of lithium‐ion battery materials with higher oxidation potential. Localized electrochemical measurements were performed on lithium iron phosphate particles that were drop‐cast onto a glassy carbon substrate. Investigation of the active materials occurred on a small scale (ca. 10 μm diameter), defined by the area of meniscus contact between the electrolyte solution in the micropipette and the substrate. Our studies showed that the SMCM probe is stable and can be used to analyze high energy lithium‐ion battery materials in the range of 2.5 to 5.1 V vs. Li/Li+.
Performance and In‐Situ FTIR Evaluation of Pt−Sn/C Electrocatalysts with Several Pt : Sn Atomic Ratios for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction in Acidic Media
Authors: González‐Quijano D. , Pech‐Rodríguez W. J. , González‐Quijano J. A. , Escalante‐García J. I. , Morais C. , Napporn T. W. , Rodríguez‐Varela F. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPt−Sn/C electrocatalysts with nominal Pt : Sn atomic ratios of 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 were synthesized via the polyol method. The effects of the atomic ratios on their catalytic activity for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in acidic media was evaluated and compared to a Pt/C electrocatalyst obtained by the same procedure. The differences in reaction mechanism between the alloys and Pt/C were elucidated by in‐situ FTIR measurements. XRD characterization of the Pt−Sn/C electrocatalysts showed a degree of alloying ranging between 27 and 54 % (from Vegard's law), while crystallite sizes close to 2.2 nm were determined with the Scherrer equation. Pt : Sn atomic ratios of 1 : 1, 1.6 : 1 and 2.4 : 1 were found experimentally via EDS analysis, fairly close to the nominally expected values. Electrochemical evaluation indicated that the alloy having a 1 : 1 ratio has the highest electrocatalytic activity for EOR. In‐situ FTIR characterization showed that the Pt−Sn/C alloys promote the oxidation of ethanol via a triple parallel pathway: one path involving the directly conversion of COL (linearly‐bonded CO) to CO2, while the second proceeds via the reaction of AAL (acetaldehyde) into COL and later to CO2, and the third involves the formation of AA (acetic acid) from adsorbed acetate that may be produced from AAL. Such mechanism promoted the EOR at more negative potentials at the alloys, also delivering higher current densities, relative to Pt/C. Thus, the inclusion of Sn in the Pt structure enhanced the catalytic activity for the EOR in acidic media.
Perovskite ABO3‐Type MOF‐Derived Carbon Decorated Fe3O4 with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Yang Li , Tian Ye , Ge Peng , Zhao Ganggang , Pu Tiancheng , Yang Yingchang , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Huang Lanping , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, the carbonization of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has become an efficient method to prepare metal‐oxide materials on carbon support, which can provide advantages toward conversion‐type reactions of lithium ion batteries as the size and shape of the materials can be tuned by adjusting the MOF ligands. Formic acid is widely used in MOFs with diverse coordination models, which can further regulate morphologies of the carbonized metal oxides. However, less work is reported on the fabrication of metal oxides with formic acid ligands and their application as electrode materials. Herein, utilizing the self‐assembled MOFs [NH2(CH3)2][FeIIIFeII(HCOO)6] with formic acid ligands as the precursor, a carbon decorated Fe3O4 is successfully prepared, consisting of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with diameters of 40–60 nm and the coated carbon that is stemmed from the organic precursor of formic acid. When used as the electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, this composite exhibits good rate capability and stabilized reversible capacity of 1041 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 100 mA g−1. These superior properties can be attributed to the synergetic effect of the unique nano/micro structure and uniform dispersion of the conductive carbon provided by this new MOF precursor.
Competitive Routes for Electrochemical Oxidation of Substituted Diarylamines: the Guidelines
Authors: Levitskiy Oleg A. , Dulov Dmitry A. , Nikitin Oleg M. , Bogdanov Alexey V. , Eremin Dmitry B. , Paseshnichenko Ksenia A. , Magdesieva Tatiana V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of diphenylamines with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents in various combinations was investigated. It was shown that the subsequent reaction channels for the radical cations are dependent on the location and electronic properties of the substituents in both phenyl rings. Guidelines for the prediction of the dominant reaction path were formulated. The conclusions developed will be useful for planning electrosynthesis. Digital simulation of the voltammograms allowed estimating the mechanism of N,N‐diaryl‐5,10‐dihydrophenazine formation (which is one of the main reaction channels); the corresponding radical cations were isolated for the first time and characterized by X‐ray, electrochemical and spectral methods. Oxidation peak potentials for diarylaminyl anions (obtained using electrochemically generated base) were measured providing information for mechanistic estimation of anti/prooxidant activity of diarylamines in radical processes.
DivIVA concentrates mycobacterial cell envelope assembly for initiation and stabilization of polar growth
Authors: Melzer Emily S. , Sein Caralyn E. , Chambers James J. , Siegrist M. Sloan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn many model organisms, diffuse patterning of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by the actin homolog MreB enables the bacteria to maintain their characteristic rod shape. In Caulobacter crescentus and Escherichia coli, MreB is also required to sculpt this morphology de novo. Mycobacteria are rod‐shaped but expand their cell wall from discrete polar or subpolar zones. In this genus, the tropomyosin‐like protein DivIVA is required for the maintenance of cell morphology. DivIVA has also been proposed to direct peptidoglycan synthesis to the tips of the mycobacterial cell. The precise nature of this regulation is unclear, as is its role in creating rod shape from scratch. We find that DivIVA localizes nascent cell wall and covalently associated mycomembrane but is dispensable for the assembly process itself. Mycobacterium smegmatis rendered spherical by peptidoglycan digestion or by DivIVA depletion are able to regain rod shape at the population level in the presence of DivIVA. At the single cell level, there is a close spatiotemporal correlation between DivIVA foci, rod extrusion and concentrated cell wall synthesis. Thus, although the precise mechanistic details differ from other organisms, M. smegmatis also establish and propagate rod shape by cytoskeleton‐controlled patterning of peptidoglycan. Our data further support the emerging notion that morphology is a hardwired trait of bacterial cells.
Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Photosensitizers for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy: A Structure–Activity Study on Clinical Bacterial Strains
Authors: Le Gall Tony , Lemercier Gilles , Chevreux Sylviane , Tücking Katrin‐Stephanie , Ravel Julian , Thétiot Franck , Jonas Ulrich , Schönherr Holger , Montier Tristan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs a growing public health concern, the worldwide spread of antimicrobial resistance urges the development of new therapies. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (a‐PDT) may be an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy. Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of seven original reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐producing ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. These are part of a collection of 17 derivatives varying in terms of the nature of the substituent(s), molecular symmetry, electrical charge, and counterions. They were characterized by considering 1) their physical properties (absorption coefficient at irradiation wavelength, 1O2 generation quantum yield, luminescence) and 2) their antibacterial activity in a series of photodynamic assays using Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria of clinical relevance. The results unveiled some structure–activity relationships: one derivative that combines multiple beneficial features for a‐PDT was effective against all the bacteria considered, regardless of their Gram status, species, or antibiotic resistance profile. This systematic study could guide the design of next‐generation ruthenium‐based complexes for enhanced antibacterial photodynamic strategies.
Two types of sensory proliferation patterns underlie the formation of spatially tuned olfactory receptive fields in the cockroach Periplaneta americana
Authors: Watanabe Hidehiro , Koike Yukino , Tateishi Kosuke , Domae Mana , Nishino Hiroshi , Yokohari Fumio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the cockroach Periplaneta americana, to represent pheromone source in the receptive space, axon terminals of sex pheromone‐receptive olfactory sensory neurons (pSNs) are topographically organized within the primary center, the macroglomerulus, according to the peripheral locations of sex pheromone‐receptive single walled (sw)‐B sensilla. In this study, we sought to determine when and where pSNs emerge in the nymphal antenna. We revealed two different pSN proliferation patterns that underlie the formation of topographic organization in the macroglomerulus. In nymphal antennae, which lack sw‐B sensilla, pSNs are identified in the shorter sensilla, termed sw‐A sensilla. Because new sw‐A sensilla emerge on the proximal antenna at every molt, topographic organization in the macroglomerulus must be formed by adding axon terminals of newly emerged pSNs to the lateral region in the macroglomerulus at each molt. At the final molt, a huge number of new sw‐B sensilla appeared throughout the whole antenna. Sw‐B sensilla in the proximal part of the adult antenna were newly formed during the last instar stage, whereas those located in the distal antenna were transformed from sw‐A sensilla. This transformation was accompanied by an increase in the number of pSNs. Axon terminals of newborn pSNs in new sw‐B sensilla were recruited to the lateral part of the macroglomerulus, whereas those of newborn pSNs in transformed sw‐B sensilla were recruited to the macroglomerulus according to the sensillar location. These mechanisms enable an increase in sensitivity to sex pheromone in adulthood while retaining the topographic map formed during the postembryonic development.
Neuronal types of the human cortical amygdaloid nucleus
Authors: Vásquez Carlos Escobar , Reberger Roman , Dall'Oglio Aline , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa , Rasia‐Filho Alberto A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe human cortical amygdaloid nucleus (CoA) receives exteroceptive sensory stimuli, modulates the functions coded by the intrinsic amygdaloid circuit, and constitutes the beginning of the limbic lobe continuum with direct and indirect connections toward subcortical, allocortical, and higher order neocortical areas. To provide basic data on the human CoA, we characterized and classified the neurons using the thionin and the “single‐section” Golgi method adapted for postmortem brain tissue and light microscopy. We found 10 different types of neurons named according to the morphological features of the cell body, dendritic branches, and spine distribution. Most cells are multipolar spiny neurons with two or more primary dendrites, including pyramidal‐like ones. Three‐dimensional reconstructions evidenced the types and diversity of the dendritic spines in each neuron. The unlike density of spines along dendritic branches, from proximal to distal ones, indicate that the synaptic processing and plasticity can be different in each CoA neuron. Our study provides novel data on the neuronal composition of the human CoA indicating that the variety of cells in this region can have phylogenetic, ontogenetic, morphological, and likely functional implications for the integrated human brain function. This can reflect both a more complex subcortical synaptic processing of sensory and emotional information and an adaptation for species‐specific social behavior display.
Reducing stress concentration on the cup rim of hip implants under edge loading
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Sharif , Chan Gi Wing Constance 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh stress concentration under edge loading on the cup rim contact due to micro‐separation causes accelerated striping wear, fracture, and fatigue in hip implant components. While continuous effort is devoted into improving bearing design and surgical procedure to tackle the problem, the concern still has remained forcing biomedical engineers to seek for new and alternative solutions. The current paper aims to investigate the effect of a new geometry “spline” introduced at the cup's rim corner to minimise stress concentration under edge loading. Three‐dimensional finite element modelling of a metal‐on‐metal hip implant is developed, where contact pressure, von Mises stress, and strain are predicted for three spline geometries, ie, equivalent characteristic arc radius (R = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) at four micro‐separations (of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm) simulating edge loading on the rim contact via the application of a constant vertical load of 3 kN. The efficacy of the spline is compared with that of circular arc and sharp corner (ie, no arc) geometries. Overall, the spline outperforms both sharp corner and circular arc in reducing contact pressure, stress, and strain. The benefit of the spline over the circular arc is quite promising at larger micro‐separation but fairly marginal at smaller arc radius and micro‐separation. The findings indicate that, as an alternative to the circular fillet, the spline can be considered a potential geometry to be incorporated at the rim corner of the cup.
Hybrid approach for big data localization and semantic annotation
Authors: Ramay Waheed Yousuf , Cheng‐Yin Xu , Rahman Shams ur , Habib Muhammad Asif 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMost of the data concerning business‐oriented systems are still based on either NoSQL or the relational data model. On the other hand, Semantic Web data model Resource Description Framework (RDF) has become the new standard for data modeling and analysis. Due to this situation integration of NoSQL, Relational Database (RDB) and RDF data models are becoming a required feature of the systems. Many solutions like tools and languages are provided in the shape of the transformation of data from RDB to RDF. This research is aimed to compare and map data models used for transformation between NoSQL, RDB, and Semantic Web. This study will help in achieving much better and enhanced technology‐based systems for retrieval and storage of data among Big‐data annotation using Semantic Web. It is aimed to reduce the response time of queries and offer compatibility with the web and semantically enriched data format. A drugs dataset is being used and transformed to have semantical meaning embedded and linked to support big data localization. At the end of this paper, RDF graph and bar chart are used to represent transformed data after passing through the proposed model. Big data localization helps in gaining fast and accurate results.
Impact analysis of adverbs for sentiment classification on Twitter product reviews
Authors: Haider Sajjad , Tanvir Afzal Muhammad , Asif Muhammad , Maurer Hermann , Ahmad Awais , Abuarqoub Abdelrahman 
Published: August 2018

SummarySocial networking websites such as Twitter provide a platform where users share their opinions about different news, events, and products. A recent research has identified that 81% of users search online first before purchasing products. Reviews are written in natural language and needs sentiment analysis for opinion extraction. Various approaches have been proposed to perform sentiment classification based on polarity bearing words in reviews such as noun, verb, adverb, and an adjective. Prior researchers have also identified the role of an adverb as a feature. However, impact analysis of adverb forms, are not yet studied and remains an open research area. This study focused on the following tasks: (1) impact of different forms of adverbs that are not studied for sentiment classification; (2) analysis of possible combinations of eight forms that are 255. The different forms are Adverb (RA), Degree Adverbs (RG), Degree Comparative Adverbs (RGR), General Adverbs (RR), General Comparative Adverbs (RRR), Locative Adverbs (RL), Prep. Adverb (RP), and Adverbs of time (RT); (3) comparison with benchmark dataset. Dataset of 5513 tweets is used to evaluate the idea. The findings of this work show that RRR and RR are important polarities bearing words for neutral opinions, RL for positive, and RP for negative opinions.
Excellent Compatibility of the Gravimetric and Areal Capacitances of an Electric‐Double‐Layer Capacitor Configured with S‐Doped Activated Carbon
Authors: Ma Xinlong , Zhao Lei , Yu Zhiqing , Wang Xuejie , Song Xinyu , Ning Guoqing , Gao Jinsen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoffee grounds were converted into S‐doped activated carbon (SAC) in the presence of an active agent and S dopant through a one‐step synthesis approach. Carbonization, activation, and S doping was achieved through this one‐step methodology. The SAC was used as an electrode material for the preparation of a symmetric electrical‐double‐layer capacitor (EDLC), and the influence of the loading mass of the active materials on the capacitive behaviors was investigated. The assembled SAC‐based symmetric EDLC not only yielded a high capacitance but it also afforded a satisfactory capacitance retention. The symmetric EDLC constructed with loading mass SAC of 7.5 mg cm−2 was capable of delivering a maximum gravimetric and areal capacitance of 200 F g−1 and 1.5 F cm−2, respectively. The compatibility of the gravimetric and areal capacitances of SAC was mainly attributed to the high abundance of interconnected pore channels, which were beneficial for the increased contact area between electrode and electrolyte ions, fast charge transfer, and fast diffusion of the electrolyte ions. In addition to the well‐developed porous networks, the introduction of S into the carbon frameworks significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity, storage capacity, and rate capability. The developed one‐step synthesis provides a facile and effective route for obtaining high‐performance capacitive electrode materials and realizing high value‐added utilization of biomass.
Secondary compounds of Pinus massoniana alter decomposers' effects on Quercus variabilis litter decomposition
Authors: Lin Hong , Zhao Yunxia , Muyidong Numaimaiti , Tian Kai , He Zaihua , Kong Xiangshi , Sun Shucun , Tian Xingjun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA major gap to understand the effects of plant secondary compounds on litter decomposition in the brown food web is lack of information about how these secondary compounds modify the activities of soil decomposers. To address this question, we conducted an experiment where aqueous extracts and tannins prepared from Pinus massoniana needles were added to soils collected either from P. massoniana (pine soil) or Quercus variabilis (oak soil). Our objective was to investigate the cascading effects of the two compounds on isopod (Armadillidium vulgare) activity and subsequent change in Q. variabilis litter decomposition. We found that in pine soil, both aqueous extracts and tannins (especially at high concentrations) had positive effects on litter decomposition rates when isopods were present. While without isopods, litter decomposition was enhanced only by high concentrations of aqueous extracts, and tannins had no significant effect on decomposition. In oak soil, high concentrations of aqueous extracts and tannins inhibited litter decomposition and soil microbial biomass, regardless of whether isopods were present or not. Low concentrations of aqueous extracts increased litter decomposition rates and soil microbial biomass in oak soil in the absence of isopods. Based on our results, we suggest that the high concentration of secondary compounds in P. massoniana is a key factor influencing the effects of decomposers on litter decomposition rates, and tannins form a major part of secondary compounds. These funding particularly provide insight into form‐ and concentration‐oriented effects of secondary compounds and promote our understanding of litter decomposition and soil nutrient cycling in forest ecosystem.
Females know better: Sex‐biased habitat selection by the European wildcat
Authors: Oliveira Teresa , Urra Fermín , López‐Martín José María , Ballesteros‐Duperón Elena , Barea‐Azcón José Miguel , Moléon Marcos , Gil‐Sánchez José María , Alves Paulo Celio , Díaz‐Ruíz Francisco , Ferreras Pablo , Monterroso Pedro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe interactions between animals and their environment vary across species, regions, but also with gender. Sex‐specific relations between individuals and the ecosystem may entail different behavioral choices and be expressed through different patterns of habitat use. Regardless, only rarely sex‐specific traits are addressed in ecological modeling approaches. The European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) is a species of conservation concern in Europe, with a highly fragmented and declining distribution across most of its range. We assessed sex‐specific habitat selection patterns for the European wildcat, at the landscape and home range levels, across its Iberian biogeographic distribution using a multipopulation approach. We developed resource selection functions in a use‐availability framework using radio‐telemetry data from five wildcat populations. At the landscape level, we observed that, while both genders preferentially established home ranges in areas close to broadleaf forests and far from humanized areas, females selected mid‐range elevation areas with some topographic complexity, whereas males used lowland areas. At the home range level, both females and males selected areas dominated by scrublands or broadleaf forests, but habitat features were less important at this level. The strength of association to habitat features was higher for females at both spatial levels, suggesting a tendency to select habitats with higher quality that can grant them enhanced access to shelter and feeding resources. Based on our results, we hypothesize that sex‐biased behavioral patterns may contribute to the resilience of wildcats’ genetic integrity through influencing the directionality of hybridization with domestic cats. Our study provides information about European wildcats’ habitat use in an Iberian context, relevant for the implementation of conservation plans, and highlights the ecological relevance of considering sex‐related differences in environmental preferences.