bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Degeneration, Depletion of NADH, and Oxidative Stress Decrease Color Stability of Wet‐Aged Beef Longissimus Steaks
Authors: Mitacek Rachel M. , Ke Yiling , Prenni Jessica E. , Jadeja Ravirajsinh , VanOverbeke Deborah L. , Mafi Gretchen G. , Ramanathan Ranjith 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInterrelationship between mitochondria and myoglobin function influence beef color. NADH level in postmortem muscle is an important determinant of mitochondrial activity and metmyoglobin reduction. Increased aging time promotes discoloration of steaks; however, the mechanism of this effect is not clear. The objective was to characterize the role of wet‐aging in beef longissimus lumborum muscle mitochondrial function and to characterize the global metabolome to determine the mechanism of that can regenerate NADH. Beef longissimus lumborum muscles were randomly assigned to 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days aging periods. Surface color, biochemical, mitochondrial, and metabolite profiles were determined at each aging period and at the end of 6‐day display. During 6‐day display, sections aged for 28 days had 30.4% decrease in redness than sections aged for 3 days. Aging time decreased (P <0.05) muscle oxygen consumption, mitochondrial protein content, and antioxidant capacity. Metabolites such as fumaric acid, creatinine, and fructose, that can take part in glycolytic/TCA cycle and regenerate NADH decreased (P <0.05) with aging and display time. In support, NADH levels also decreased (P <0.05) with aging time, but aging time had no effect (P = 0.44) on NADH‐dependent reductase activity. The results suggest that decreased color stability in aged beef can be attributed to increased mitochondrial damage, depletion of metabolites that can regenerate NADH, and increased oxidative stress.Practical ApplicationBeef aging time results in increased discoloration of steaks under retail display. The current research determines the fundamental basis of lower color stability in aged beef. The results indicate that mitochondrial degeneration, depletion of metabolites that produce NADH, and increased oxidative stress can limit shelf‐life of aged steaks. Hence, application of post‐harvest strategies to minimize mitochondrial damage and oxidative changes may have the potential to increase shelf‐life of aged beef.
An Application of the T‐TEL Assessment Method to Evaluate Connectivity in a Lake‐Dominated Watershed after Drought
Authors: Spence C. , Ali G. , Oswald C.J. , Wellen C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLakes are landscape features that influence connectivity of mass and energy by being foci for the reception, mixing, and provision of water and material. Where lake fractions are high, they influence hydrological connectivity. This behavior was exemplified in the Baker Creek watershed in Canada's Northwest Territories during a two‐year drought in which many lake levels declined below outlet elevations. This study evaluated how lakes controlled surface runoff connectivity reestablishment following the drought using a new assessment method, T‐TEL (time scales — thresholds, excesses, losses). Analysis of daily data showed that during a summer period following the drought, connectivity occurred between 0% and 41% of the time. The size of run‐of‐the‐river lakes relative to their upstream watershed area, and the upstream lake fraction, are two factors for connectivity. These terms represent a lake's ability to control the size of storage deficits relative to rainfall, and evaporation and storage losses along pathways. The connectivity magnitude–duration curve only aligned with the watershed flow duration curve during high‐water conditions, implying lakes functioned as individuals rather than as part of a perennial watercourse during much of the study. The T‐TEL method can be used to quantify consistent metrics of hydrologic connectivity that can be used for regionalization exercises and understanding hydrologic controls on material transport.
Evaluating radium‐223 response in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer with imaging
Authors: Iizuka Junpei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRadium‐223 is a first‐in‐class targeted alpha therapy indicated for treating bone metastases from metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) without visceral metastases. Imaging plays an important role in the selection of patients eligible for radium‐223 therapy. In the ALSYMPCA trial protocol, bone scintigraphy was used to detect lesions, essentially osteoblastic bone metastases, whereas computed tomography (CT) was used to exclude visceral metastases, with no interim imaging until treatment completion unless clinically indicated. Yet, questions remain: How can we monitor treatment progress more closely and evaluate treatment response more precisely? In the cases discussed herein, interim evaluation of response to radium‐223 showed discordance between bone scintigraphy and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the patterns of bone lesions observed, that is more lesions were detected on PET/CT. It is postulated that the additional lesions may be attributed to bone marrow metastases that were not effectively targeted by radium‐223 as its alpha radiation do not reach deep into the bone marrow. Although the clinical significance of the discordance requires further clarification, it makes sense to consider radium‐223 early on in the course of mCRPC, when marrow involvement is minimal, so as to optimize treatment outcomes.
Chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer: An Asian perspective
Authors: Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Ng Chi‐Fai , Poon Darren Ming‐Chun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe treatment of metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has been rapidly evolving. In the past, the use of chemotherapy was reserved for metastatic prostate cancer patients who developed castration resistance. Subsequently, there were three well‐designed randomized controlled trials investigating the use of chemotherapy together with androgen deprivation therapy as the first‐line treatment for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. The GETUG‐AFU 15 study was a negative trial, but the subsequent CHAARTED and STAMPEDE studies demonstrated magnificent survival benefit in the mHSPC setting. Since then, the use of chemohormonal therapy has become accepted and popularized worldwide. However, these results were largely based on Caucasians. Because of the genetic and physiological differences between different ethnicities, there has been concern over whether these results could be readily translated to the Asian population. Would Asians in general have a different tolerability towards chemohormonal therapy? Would prostate cancer in the Asian population have a different biological response towards chemohormonal therapy? In this review paper, we will present the available data regarding the use of chemohormonal therapy for mHSPC and discuss their implications from an Asian perspective.
A review of wildlife camera trapping trends across Africa
Authors: Agha Mickey , Batter Tom , Bolas Ellen C. , Collins Amy C. , Gomes da Rocha Daniel , Monteza‐Moreno Claudio M. , Preckler‐Quisquater Sophie , Sollmann Rahel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCamera traps (CTs) are used for wildlife monitoring globally. How CTs are used in wildlife studies across Africa, however, remains unknown. We provide the first literature review of CT studies conducted across Africa, to describe where, to what end, and by whom CTs are used, and to identify apparent gaps in the use of CTs. We found 172 CT studies published across 60 scientific journals, conducted in 30 of 55 African countries from 2005 to 2017. Most studies were conducted over a single year/season (74%) and primarily addressed habitat use/species distribution (43%), species presence/richness (38.4%), behaviour (35.5%) or demographics (29.7%). Most studies took place in forest (52%), woodland (33%) and grassland (33%) habitat types, and focused on a single species (45.3%). Carnivores were the most commonly studied species group (86%), followed by large herbivores (58%) and primates (38%). Our results suggest that camera trapping is rapidly increasing in use across Africa and potentially driven by country‐based economic factors; however, there is room for improvement. CTs could be expanded in use for studies on underrepresented taxa (i.e. small mammals, reptiles and birds), investigations of human–wildlife conflict and understudied ecoregions (i.e. Sahara Desert).
Evaluating relative abundance indices for terrestrial herbivores from large‐scale camera trap surveys
Authors: Palmer Meredith S. , Swanson Alexandra , Kosmala Margaret , Arnold Todd , Packer Craig 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe ability to directly monitor animal populations across time and space is a key element of wildlife conservation and management, but logistically difficult to achieve. Photographic capture rates from camera trap surveys can provide relative abundance indices (RAIs) for a wide variety of medium‐ to large‐bodied wildlife species. RAIs are less complex than other estimation methods and are commonly used when true abundance is difficult or costly to measure. However, this method is controversial as it does not account for potential bias arising from imperfect detection. Here, we evaluate the reliability and precision of RAI estimates drawn from a large‐scale camera trap survey for ten African herbivore species by comparing them against preexisting aerial survey data. RAIs correlated strongly with independent estimates, particularly when indices were derived from counts of all photographed animals. RAIs were most reliable for species that were nonmigratory, occurred in open habitats and had high rates of daily movement. Increasing survey coverage and duration both had strong but comparable effects on improving RAI precision. Our results suggest that RAIs from camera traps hold substantial promise as a tool for monitoring herbivore relative abundances, and we provide guidelines on the utility of this approach for ecological inference.
Optimal Design of Multiple-Objective Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) Plans
Authors: Duarte Belmiro P.M. , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) plans are widely used for health monitoring purposes. We propose a systematic approach to design multiple-objective LQAS plans that meet user-specified type 1 and 2 error rates and targets for selected diagnostic accuracy metrics. These metrics may include sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in high or low anticipated prevalence rate populations. We use Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) tools to implement our design methodology. Our approach is flexible in that it can directly generate classic LQAS plans that control error rates only and find optimal LQAS plans that meet multiple objectives in terms of diagnostic metrics. We give examples, compare results with the classic LQAS and provide an application using a malaria outcome indicator survey in Mozambique.
Augmented antitumor activity of 5‐fluorouracil by double knockdown of MDM4 and MDM2 in colon and gastric cancer cells
Authors: Imanishi Mamiko , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Wang Xiaoxuan , Sugaya Akinori , Hirose Mitsuaki , Endo Shinji , Natori Yukikazu , Yamato Kenji , Hyodo Ichinosuke 
Published: November 2018

Inactivation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is essential during cancer development and progression. Mutations of TP53 are often missense and occur in various human cancers. In some fraction of wild‐type (wt) TP53 tumors, p53 is inactivated by upregulated murine double minute homolog 2 (MDM2) and MDM4. We previously reported that simultaneous knockdown of MDM4 and MDM2 using synthetic DNA‐modified siRNAs revived p53 activity and synergistically inhibited in vitro cell growth in cancer cells with wt TP53 and high MDM4 expression (wtTP53/highMDM4). In the present study, MDM4/MDM2 double knockdown with the siRNAs enhanced 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐induced p53 activation, arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase, and potentiated the antitumor effect of 5‐FU in wtTP53/highMDM4 human colon (HCT116 and LoVo) and gastric (SNU‐1 and NUGC‐4) cancer cells. Exposure to 5‐FU alone induced MDM2 as well as p21 and PUMA by p53 activation. As p53‐MDM2 forms a negative feedback loop, enhancement of the antitumor effect of 5‐FU by MDM4/MDM2 double knockdown could be attributed to blocking of the feedback mechanism in addition to direct suppression of these p53 antagonists. Intratumor injection of the MDM4/MDM2 siRNAs suppressed in vivo tumor growth and boosted the antitumor effect of 5‐FU in an athymic mouse xenograft model using HCT116 cells. These results suggest that a combination of MDM4/MDM2 knockdown and conventional cytotoxic drugs could be a promising treatment strategy for wtTP53/highMDM4 gastrointestinal cancers.
The effect of ultraviolet‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder concentration on the printing performance of synthetic leather
Authors: Baysal Gülçin , Kalav Berdan , Karagüzel Kayaoğlu Burçak 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, synthetic leather samples were screen printed with pigmented pastes including two types of photoinitiators and three different concentrations of ultraviolet (UV)‐curable water‐borne polyurethane acrylate binder. The curing process was conducted under different combinations of lamps (gallium, mercury, gallium/mercury and gallium/gallium/mercury) at three power levels. Abrasion resistance, crock fastness, hardness and colour strength were investigated. Chemical changes in the clear and pigmented film structures because of UV curing were analysed by Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy measurements. In hardness measurements, the highest hardness values were obtained with clear and pigmented formulations which have the highest solid content (57%). In colour measurements, higher K/S values were obtained in samples printed with the formulation having a binder concentration of 46%. Wet crock fastness values improved as the energy level increased during curing, and the highest values were obtained with a formulation which had a binder concentration of 57%. Greater amounts of binder in the formulations and increased amounts of energy applied to the surface during curing increased the hardness value of the prints, thus better abrasion resistance was obtained. Overall results suggested that the highest hardness, crock fastness and abrasion resistance values were obtained with the formulation with a binder concentration of 57%. However, for ease of application, printing efficiency and colour strength, the formulation with a binder concentration of 46% is recommended for printing, and curing under consecutive passes with gallium and mercury lamps at 120 W/cm is proposed in terms of energy efficiency and printing performance.
Do childhood psychotic experiences improve the prediction of adolescent psychopathology? A longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Healy Colm , Gordon Aoife A. , Coughlan Helen , Clarke Mary , Kelleher Ian , Cannon Mary 
Published: November 2018

Aims(a) To investigate the utility of childhood PE as a predictor of adolescent psychopathology while accounting for three known risk factors: childhood mental disorder; traumatic experiences and poor childhood functioning, and (b) to investigate the additive effects of including childhood PE in predictive clinical model of adolescent psychopathology.MethodThe study sample comprised of 86 Irish youths who completed two waves of the “Adolescent Brain Development” study (baseline age: 11.7 and follow‐up age: 15.7). At baseline, participants completed a clinical interview assessing for PE, mental disorders, traumatic experiences and global functioning in childhood. The internalizing and externalizing problems sub‐scales from the Youth Self Report questionnaire were used as follow‐up outcomes variables in adolescence.ResultsLogistic regression analyses revealed that childhood PE was the only predictor significantly associated with both internalizing (univariate OR: 7.58, CI: 2.59‐22.15; multivariate OR: 5.43, CI: 1.53‐19.29) and externalizing (univariate OR: 11.76, CI: 3.70‐37.41; multivariate OR: 30.39, CI: 5.28‐174.80) problems in adolescence. All predictive models with PE significantly predicted adolescent outcomes (area under the curve range: 0.70‐0.81; all P < 0.05) and adding PE to the models improved the predictive value for externalizing problems (P = 0.02).ConclusionChildhood PE is a powerful predictor of adolescent psychopathology, particularly for externalizing problems. Routine assessment of PE and targeted support for children who report PE may reduce the incidence of mental disorder in adolescence.
Allometry of fine roots in forest ecosystems
Authors: Chen Guangshui , Hobbie Sarah E. , Reich Peter B. , Yang Yusheng , Robinson David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTheoretical predictions regarding fine root production are needed in many ecosystem models but are lacking. Here, we expand the classic pipe model to fine roots and predict isometric scaling relationships between leaf and fine root biomass and among all major biomass production components of individual trees. We also predict that fine root production scales more slowly against increases in leaf production across global forest ecosystems at the stand level. Using meta‐analysis, we show fine root biomass scales isometrically against leaf biomass both at the individual tree and stand level. However, despite isometric scaling between stem and coarse root production, fine root production scales against leaf production with a slope of about 0.8 at the stand level, which probably results from more rapid increase of turnover rate in leaves than in fine roots. These analyses help to improve our understandings of allometric theory and controls of belowground C processes.
R‐Ras regulates vascular permeability, but not overall healing in skin wounds
Authors: Ketomäki Tuomo , Vähätupa Maria , May Ulrike , Pemmari Toini , Ruikka Ella , Hietamo Jussi , Kaipiainen Pirkka , Barker Harlan , Parkkila Seppo , Uusitalo‐Järvinen Hannele , Järvinen Tero A. H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWounds close by keratinocytes migrating from the edge of the wound and re‐epithelializing the epidermis. It has been proposed that the major stimuli for wound closure are blood‐derived growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. The small GTPase R‐Ras, a known integrin activator, also regulates vascular permeability during angiogenesis, and blood vessels lacking R‐Ras leak plasma proteins constantly. We explored whether the access to blood‐derived proteins influences skin wound healing in R‐Ras knockout (KO) mice. In skin wounds, R‐Ras expression was mostly restricted to the vasculature in the granulation tissue. Angiogenic blood vessels in the R‐Ras KO mice were significantly more permeable than in wild‐type (WT) controls. Although the distances between epidermal tongues, and the panniculus carnosus muscles, were significantly longer in R‐Ras KO than WT controls before the granulation tissue formation took place, there were no differences in the wound closure or re‐epithelialization rates or granulation tissue formation. These findings were also corroborated in a special splint excision wound model. Our study shows that although R‐Ras does not influence the skin wound healing itself, the blood vessels lacking R‐Ras are leaky and thus could facilitate the access of blood‐derived proteins to the wound.
Virtualizing diaspora: new digital technologies in the emerging transnational space
Authors: RODIMA‐TAYLOR DAIVI , GRIMES WILLIAM W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSince new distributed ledger technologies hold out a promise to restructure cross‐border flows of people and material resources, they affect globalization and alter transnational spaces. Their capacity to facilitate secure and disintermediated value transfer through crypto‐code and smart contracts enables novel forms of remittance transfer, resource management and digital identity verification – and may also generate new vulnerabilities. In this article, we examine the use of emerging blockchain applications in various migration and diaspora related initiatives in the emerging economies of Africa, Asia and Europe. By building on existing social networks of mutual obligation and quasi‐ethnic affinities, blockchain technologies may facilitate the ability to enlarge the scope of diasporas and change the nature of belonging, sovereignty, migration and statehood. Through exploring the selective foregrounding of mutuality and materiality in such alternative value transfer systems, we seek to explain the dynamics of trust and agency that these networks generate to extend commitments and loyalties in the transnational space.
Analytical variation in factor VIII one‐stage and chromogenic assays: Experiences from the ECAT external quality assessment programme
Authors: van Moort Iris , Meijer Piet , Priem‐Visser Debby , van Gammeren Adriaan J. , Péquériaux Nathalie C. V. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , de Maat Moniek P. M. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundBoth one‐stage (OSA) and chromogenic substrate assays (CSA) are used to measure factor VIII (FVIII) activity. Factors explaining analytical variation in FVIII activity levels are still to be completely elucidated.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate and quantify the analytical variation in OSA and CSA.MethodsFactors determining analytical variation were studied in sixteen lyophilized plasma samples (FVIII activity <0.01‐1.94 IU/mL) and distributed by the ECAT surveys. To elucidate the causes of OSA variation, we exchanged deficient plasma between three company set‐ups.ResultsOn average, 206 (range 164‐230) laboratories used the OSA to measure FVIII activity and 30 (range 12‐51) used CSA. The coefficient of variation of OSA and CSA increased with lower FVIII levels (FVIII <0.05 IU/mL). This resulted in misclassification of a severe haemophilia A sample into a moderate or mild haemophilia A sample in 4/30 (13.3%) of CSA measurements, while this was 37/139 (26.6%) for OSA. OSA measurements performed with reagents and equipment from Werfen showed slightly lower FVIII activity (0.93, IQR 0.88‐0.98 IU/mL) compared to measurements with Stago (1.07, IQR 1.02‐1.14 IU/mL) and Siemens (1.03, IQR 0.97‐1.07 IU/mL). Part of this difference is explained by the value of the calibrator. For CSA, the measured FVIII levels were similar using the different kits.ConclusionsIn the lower range (<0.05 IU/mL), analytical variation of FVIII measurements is high in both OSA and CSA measurements. The variation in FVIII activity levels was partly explained by specific manufacturers. Further standardization of FVIII measurements and understanding of analytical variation is required.