bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On neighbourhood degree sequences of complex networks
Authors: Smith Keith M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNetwork topology is a fundamental aspect of network science that allows us to gather insights into the complicated relational architectures of the world we inhabit. We provide a first specific study of neighbourhood degree sequences in complex networks. We consider how to explicitly characterise important physical concepts such as similarity, heterogeneity and organization in these sequences, as well as updating the notion of hierarchical complexity to reflect previously unnoticed organizational principles. We also point out that neighbourhood degree sequences are related to a powerful subtree kernel for unlabeled graph classification. We study these newly defined sequence properties in a comprehensive array of graph models and over 200 real-world networks. We find that these indices are neither highly correlated with each other nor with classical network indices. Importantly, the sequences of a wide variety of real world networks are found to have greater similarity and organisation than is expected for networks of their given degree distributions. Notably, while biological, social and technological networks all showed consistently large neighbourhood similarity and organisation, hierarchical complexity was not a consistent feature of real world networks. Neighbourhood degree sequences are an interesting tool for describing unique and important characteristics of complex networks.
Multimode orbital angular momentum antenna based on four‐arm planar spiral
Authors: Yi Ziqiang , Tian Shuai , Liu Yafei , Xiao Sibo , Tang Hongyan , Kang Kai , Wu Yunqiu 
Published: June 2019

An orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna based on four‐arm planar spiral for multiple OAM modes generation is proposed in this Letter. There are four OAM modes generated by employing different phase feeding arrangements for the four ports. By adjusting the branch between the feeding port and the corresponding spiral arm, a good match can be easily obtained. The characteristics of the OAM antenna with modes of at the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz are presented both in simulation and experiment, with 10‐dB return loss from 5.6 to 6.0 GHz. The measured near‐field phase distributions clearly indicate the OAM vortex characteristic which are consistent with the simulations. The proposed design shows great potential for the application of reconfigurable OAM wireless communication systems.
Finite element analysis of a modular brushless wound rotor synchronous machine
Authors: Le Luong Huong Thao , Hénaux Carole , Messine Frederuc , Bueno‐Mariani Guilherme , Voyer Nicolas , Mollov Stefan 
Published: June 2019

This study presents a comparative study of different modular brushless wound rotor synchronous machines (MB‐WRSM) using non‐overlapping fractional slot double‐layer concentrated windings. The goal of the study is to highlight the structure which offers the best fault‐tolerance capability and the highest output performance. The fundamental winding factor is calculated by using the method based on voltage phasors as a significant criterion to select the preferred numbers of phases, stator slots, and poles. With the limited number of poles for a small machine (3.67 kW/7000 rpm), 15 different machines for different phase/slot/pole combinations are analysed using two‐ dimensional (2D) finite element method and compared according to three criteria: torque density, torque ripple, and machine efficiency. The seven‐phase/seven‐slot/six‐pole machine is chosen with the best compromise of high torque density, small torque ripple (3.89%), and high nominal efficiency (95%). This machine is then compared with a reference design surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SM‐PMSM). The simulation results are discussed and demonstrate that the MB‐WRSM presents interesting performance features, such as extended field weakening range, with overall performance closely matching that of an equivalent SM‐PMSM.
Ultra‐fast moving coil actuator for power switches in medium‐voltage grids
Authors: Stroehla Tom , Dahlmann M. , Kellerer T. , Wagner T. , Wagner N. , Sattel Thomas 
Published: June 2019

The need for faster power switches leads to the following question: Which technical actuation principle has the highest acceleration potential? This study describes the investigation of electrodynamic moving coil (voice coil) actuators. This principle promises no delay for the excitation field because of permanent magnets and a very small electrical time constant of the moving coil. The aim is to find out the limits of the switching time under practicable conditions. In the study, technical limitations of the actuation principle concerning the dynamic behaviour are shown by an analytical approach. It contains the major parameters like stroke or material of the iron poles, the coil, and the permanent magnets. Furthermore, the study discusses thermal aspects and approaches for the mechanical force multiplying by cascaded arrangements. A magnetically optimised elementary unit can be combined parallel or in series. The mechanical load inertial can be divided into a sufficient number of cascaded actuation units. Consequently, only the inherent moving mass determines the acceleration capability. This optimisation was done analytically with the Lorentz force formula and with finite element method simulations. This article describes both approaches, their results, and the experimental verification. The experimental actuator reaches a switching time of 2.7 ms.
Einsatz von Protonenpumpenhemmern bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose – eine Umfrage unter Hepatologen in Deutschland
Authors: Horvatits Thomas , Drolz Andreas , Wehmeyer Malte , Steib Christian , Trebicka Jonel , Lohse Ansgar W. , Kluwe Johannes 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPIs) gehören zu den weltweit am häufigsten verordneten Medikamenten. Vor allem bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose wurden Verschreiberaten von bis zu 78 % berichtet. PPIs scheinen mit relevanten Nebenwirkungen, wie erhöhtem Risiko für nosokomiale Infektionen, spontan bakterieller Peritonitis oder dem Auftreten einer hepatischen Enzephalopathie assoziiert zu sein. Aus diesem Grund war es Ziel dieser Umfrage, die Verschreibungspraxis von PPIs bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose in Deutschland zu erheben.
Methoden Die Daten wurden mittels Web-basierter Befragung erhoben. Hierfür wurde eine Einladung über die Newsletter der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), des Berufsverbandes Gastroenterologie Deutschland (BVGD) und der Arbeitsgemeinschaft universitärer Gastroenterologen (AUG) versandt.
Ergebnisse 61 Personen haben an der Umfrage teilgenommen. Insgesamt wurden sehr hohe PPI-Verschreiberaten von 58 % im stationären, sowie 44 % im ambulanten Bereich berichtet. Beinahe die Hälfte der Befragten gab an, PPIs bei medizinisch fraglicher Indikation einzusetzen (z. B. unspezifische abdominelle Beschwerden). Bei einem Drittel der Patienten könnte die bestehende PPI-Therapie nach kritischer Evaluation wieder beendet werden. 55 % der Befragten gaben an, dass PPIs ihrer Einschätzung zufolge mit relevanten Nebenwirkungen assoziiert sind. Blutungskomplikationen nach Absetzen einer PPI-Therapie wurden durch die Befragten selten beobachtet.
Schlussfolgerung PPIs werden bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose in Deutschland sehr häufig verordnet. Ein Problembewusstsein bezüglich eines insgesamt unklaren Risiko-Nutzen-Verhältnisses scheint vorhanden zu sein. Prospektive Untersuchungen sind dringend nötig, um die Evidenzlage hinsichtlich Indikation und Dauer einer PPI-Therapie bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose zu erhärten.
Sexualpädagogik in der Sekundarstufe I in
Österreich
Authors: Depauli Claudia , Plaute Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Das WHO-Regionalbüro für Europa und die
Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) haben 2010
Standards für Sexualerziehung in Europa veröffentlicht, um einen Überblick über
die Themen der Sexualerziehung zu geben, die in der Schule angepasst an
verschiedene Altersstufen behandelt werden sollten. Sie sollen gewährleisten,
dass Sexualkundeunterricht in Europa entwicklungsangemessen und von einheitlich
guter Qualität ist.
Forschungsziele Österreichische Eltern bzw. Erziehungsberechtigte und
Schüler*innen wurden nach der Bedeutung der von den WHO-Standards abgedeckten
Themen befragt sowie nach Aspekten, die sie sich für eine erfolgreiche
Sexualerziehung wünschen.
Methoden Es wurden standardisierte Online-Fragebögen entwickelt, die durch
die Direktor*innen der Schulen den Eltern und Schüler*innen zugänglich gemacht
wurden. Es wurden insgesamt 9 196 Teilnehmende befragt, davon in der hier
dargestellten Altersgruppe der 13- bis 15-jährigen Schüler*innen 2 204 Personen.
Es handelte sich um 1 571 Jugendliche (weiblich: 742, männlich: 820), und 633
Eltern (weiblich: 523, männlich: 110). Die Teilnehmer*innen bewerteten die
Wichtigkeit der Themen anhand von 5-stufigen Likert Skalen.
Ergebnisse Die Eltern der 13- bis 15-jährigen Schüler*innen beurteilen
sexualpädagogische Inhalte insgesamt als wichtig, wobei für Mütter die Relevanz
höher ist als für Väter. Eltern wünschen sich gut ausgebildete Lehrkräfte.
Besonders wichtig sind ihnen Informationen zu biologischen Grundlagen und
Hygiene sowie die Rechte und der Schutz der Kinder und Jugendlichen. Am Beispiel
Homosexualität zeigt sich, dass es auch Inhalte gibt, deren Behandlung besonders
für Väter nur wenig Wichtigkeit besitzen.
Schlussfolgerung Zeitgemäße Sexualpädagogik muss sich einer Vielzahl neuer
Herausforderungen stellen und entwicklungsangepasst ab der frühen Kindheit zum
Wohl der Kinder und Jugendlichen evidenzbasiert Informationen bereitstellen.
MOLECULAR DEFECTS OF THE FACTOR IX GENE CAUSING SEVERE HAEMOPHILIA
Authors: Ludwig B M , Schwaab R , Brackmann H H , Egli H , Olek K 
Published: June 2019

Deficiency or functional abnormality of factor IX protein leads to the X-linked recessive haemorrhagic disorder known as haemophilia B. Using the factor IX cDNA probe pTG 397 we have studied DNA purified from 40 patients afflicted with haemophilia B. Restriction analysis was carried out using Eco RI, Taq I and Xmn I which give result to DNA fragments representing 99 % of the whole factor IX gene. Mapping the gene this way four patients were shown to have structural alterations in the factor IX gene. To obtain more precise data concerning these mutations we additionally used restriction enzymes Bgl II and Hind III.The results listed below indicate more patients have to be examined to conclude a strong correlation between inhibitors to factor IX and the presence of gross gene deletions. This view is supported by the findings that two further inhibitor forming patients had no sizable deletions.
LUMINOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR MULTIMERS
Authors: Schneppenheim R , Plendl H , Budde U 
Published: June 2019

Current methods for visualization of vWF multimers use either autoradiography or enzymatic color development. Radioactive methods bear some risks for laboratory personal and the radioactive antibodies have a relatively short shelf life. Enzyme labelled antibodies used with their usual substrates are less sensitive even with relatively large amounts of antibody.These drawbacks can be overcome by using peroxidase labelled antibodies and luminol for visualization of vWF multimers. Electrophoresis in LGT agarose and immunoblot on nitrocellulose were performed as described in the literature. The nitrocellulose sheets were immersed in polyclonal anti-vWF antibody (1:500) followed by a peroxidase labelled anti-rabbit antibody (1:500). The subsequent procedures were performed in a dark room. The gels were overlaid by 40 mg luminol suspended in 100 ml TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) and covered with a thin transparent foil. The luminiscence could be detected visually for about 40 minutes. There was enough time to expose up to 10 x-ray films by simply placing the films for some seconds onto the transparent foil.The method is sensitive enough to allow 1:200 dilutions of normal plasma. Thus plasmas containing substantially less than 10% vWF protein can be evaluated with this method.
PLATELET VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR-INDUCED SPONTANEOUS PLATELET AGGREGATION IN VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE
Authors: Gralnick H , McKeown L P , Williams S , van Mourik J 
Published: June 2019

We have previously described a form of von Willebrand's disease (vWd) with spontaneous aggregation induced by an abnormal plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf). We have studied the ability of these patient's platelet (P) lysate to induce P aggregation and compared the results with P lysates from other vWd patients.P were prepared from whole blood by centrifugation on an arabino-galactan gradient. The P yield varied from 86-93%. When 125I purified plasma vWf added to whole blood, it was not detectable in the isolated P preparation. The P were lysed by Triton X-100 and after freezing were used in the assays. We found that as little as 25 ul of P lysate (1 x 109 platelets/ml) induced SPA in normal platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Normal or other vWd did not induce PA when (1) a monoclonal antibody directed the fib-rinogen/vWf binding site on the GPIIb/IIIa was incubated with PRP; (2) when Glanzmann's thrombasthenic PRP was used or (3) when platelets were suspended in a fibrinogenemic plasma. The monoclonal antibodies, 10E5 and PLT-1 directed against the GPIIb/IIIa complex, totally inhibited the P-vWf induced platelet aggregation. SPA did not occur unless the plasma fibrinogen concentration was 40 mg/ml. The monoclonal antibody 6D1 (directed against the plasma vWf binding site on GPIb) only partically inhibited the P-vWf SPA. But an antibody directed against the plasma vWf-GPIb binding domain totally inhibited the SPA. We conclude that P-vWf has a domain similar to plasma vWf which binds to GPIb; however, the P-vWf binds to a site on the GPIb which is not identical to the plasma vWf binding site.
INDUCED ANTIBODIES TO VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (VWF)
Authors: Johnsson H , Silveira A , Adamson L , Schulman S , Hessel B 
Published: June 2019

Plasma from 11 patients have been investigated for the presence of antibodies to VWF using an immunoblot-ting system. Eight patients had severe haemophilia A and 3 had severe VW's disease (VWD). One haemophiliac had a high titer of neutralizing activity against VIII:C, and two had previously shown neutralizing activity against VIII:C. Neutralizing activity against ristocetin cofactor was demonstrated in only two of the VWD-patients. None of the VWD-patients did show antiactivity to VIII:C. All patients except 2 haemophiliacs had been transfused with factor concentrate within the last three weeks before blood sampling. Four different concentrates had been used.The following immunoblotting system was used: Highly purified VWF was applied to agarose gels, and electrophoresis performed. The proteins were blotted to nitrocellulose paper and the paper cut into strips. The strips were incubated with diluted plasma or the IgG-fraction of plasma (obtained by precipitation with ammoniumsulphate) from one or the other of the patients. Thereafter, the strips were treated with a second antibody (goat-anti human IgG) labeled with peroxidase before development with α-chloronaphtol. As a negativ control, normal plasma was used. As a positive control, a peroxidase labeled goat-antihuman VWF was used giving the known multimeric pattern of VWF-antigen.Antibodies to VWF were found in 4 haemophiliacs and in all 3 VWD-patients. The pattern of multimeric bands obtained with the antibodies showed differences in different patients. The in vivo t 1/2 of VIII:C concentrate did not seem to be affected by these antibodies to VWF.
INCIDENCE OF HIV-1 AND HIV-2 ANTIBODIES IN HEMOPHILIACS
Authors: Schramm W , Gürtler L G , Pohlmann H , Weigel I , Eberie J , Deinhardt F 
Published: June 2019

The presence of antibodies to HIV-1 (anti-HIV-1) was tested in 167 hemophiliacs surveyed and treated at Munich hemophilia center. Increasing numbers of HIV infected patients were observed in the years 1981 to 1986 from 0% to 51,5% (86 positive patients in January 1987 of 167 followed patients). Most of the seroconver-sions occured between 1982 and 1984. The 150 clinically severe affected hemophiliacs (F-VIII-levels up to 5% and need of replacement therapy) showed positive HIV-test results in 55,3% (83 patients) and negative results in 44,7% (67 patients). 5 patients died since 1981, one because of AIDS. 17 patients were not seen since 1984, 14 of those belong to the severly affected group, 12 of them were negative. Since spring 1985 only heat or chemically treated clotting factor preparations are used for substitution. Despite this still 5 seroconversions were observed. Two may be attributed to the use of a preparation heat inactivated in dry state, this preparation is no longer used. The other 3 seroconversions possibly were caused by an occasional use of an noninactivated preparation in the beginning of the change to inactivated clotting factor preparations. 38 of the anti-HIV-1 positive sera were tested for the presence of HIV-2 antibodies also. The methods were ELISA,immunofluorescence and immunoblot. HIV-2 (LAV-2) for these tests was kindly provided by L. Montagnier. Antibodies specific for HIV-2 antigens were not detected, but crossreactions were observed between anti-HIV-1 with HIV-2 antigens particularly epitopes on HIV-2-p27.The data indicate that the use of adequately inactivated clotting factors can prevent infection of hemophilia patients by this route and that HIV-2 was not present in the clotting factor preparations used for the substitution of this group of patients. The incidence of full blown AIDS since 1981 in our group of hemophiliacs is still low (1,2%).
DURATION OF BLEEDING FOLLOWING DENTAL EXTRACTION IN RABBITS:IN FLUENCE OF PLATELET DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Declerck D , Vinckier F , Vermylen J 
Published: June 2019

Clinical experience suggests that acetylsalicylic acid prolongs bleeding after dental extraction, but objective evidence is lacking. We have studied the influence of platelet dysfunction on haemostasis following dental extraction in rabbits. Platelet defects were induced by oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or ticlopidine (T). Duration of bleeding was measured in following groups of Dutch rabbits:(A) control animals (n = 32),animals who received (B) ASA 100 mg/kg/day (n = 31), (C) ASA 300 mg/kg/day (n = 12)(D) T 60 mg/kg/day (n = 8) and (E) T 125 mg/kg/day (n = 12). Inhibition of thromboxane B2-formation was more than 99% in animals receiving ASA. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited in animals receiving T. Four front teeth were extracted on day 7 and tooth socket bleeding times were determined by inspecting the wounds at 5 min intervals. Oozing sockets were counted. The figure below shows the results.It is concluded that ASA or T prolong bleeding following dental extraction in rabbits. The effect appears to be dose-dependent for T. This model may be useful for evaluating haemostatic procedures applicable to patients with platelet disorders.
THE LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT DOES NOT INHIBIT THE RELEASE OF PROSTACYCLIN FROM HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
Authors: Petraiuolo W , Bovill E , Hoak J 
Published: June 2019

Decreased endothelial cell production of prostacyclin (PGI2) in response to the lupus anticoagulant has been previously demonstrated, and postulated to have a causal relationship to the thrombotic events associated with the lupus anticoagulant. Five patients who exhibited the anticoagulant were studied in an effort to determine if a relationship exists between exposure of endothelial cells to the lupus anticoagulant and decreased production of prostacyclin (PGI2). Human endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein grown in culture were exposed to IgG fractions of patient plasmas containing the lupus anticoagulant. The amount of PGI2 released was determined by radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-PGF-l-alpha. The average PGI2 release in the controls was 20.6 picomol/500,000 endothelial cells, whereas those cells exposed to the lupus anticoagulant had a range of 25 to 114 picmol/500,000 cells. We were unable to demonstrate inhibition of the release of PGI2 by human endothelial cells, following exposure to the lupus anticoagulant.(Supported by NIH Grant HL 33723-2 and a Specialized Center of Research in Thrombosis Award HL 35058-01 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.)
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS
Authors: Forestier F , Daffos F , Kaplan C , Champeix P 
Published: June 2019

Utilizing an easy and safe procedure for fetal blood sampling in utero. we have studied 123 fetuses for congenital oracquire hemorrhagic disorders.Usually, the diagnosis is performed at the 18th week of gestation. To date, no fetal less or premature labor has beenattributed to these fetal samplings. Theduration of the procedure was less than 10 minutes in 90 % of the cases. Direct blood sampling with a needle guided by ultrasound is safer for fetuses and simpler for the patients than fetoscopy. Among the 1.465 samplings the mortality rateis 0.2 %. We have established the basis values for fetal hemostasis when the samplings were performed for non hematological purpose, and could determine the fetal sex which play a role in hereditary disorders. Hemophilia A and B [92 cases]. Willebrand disease, factor XIII, V and VII deficiencies were diagnosed on the existence of a specific fetal deficit. Theknowledge of the fetal primary hemostasis let us to establish the diagnosis of May Hegglin syndrome. Gray platelet syndrome. and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. There were no diagnostic errors. This procedure offers a new possibility of easily taking iterative samples, until the end of pregnancy, which represents a particular interest in prenatal diagnosis.
NORMAL PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE PROTEIN C DEFICIENCY AND PREVIOUS DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS
Authors: Bounameaux H , de Moerloose Ph , Vogel J , Reber G , Krahenbuhl B , Bouvier C 
Published: June 2019

Congenital protein C (PC) deficiency is associated with thrombophilia. Heterozygotes with about half-normal plasma PC levels may present with venous thromboembolic events usually beginning during adolescence or young adulthood. A 26-year-old swiss woman had experienced an iliofemoral deep-vein thrombosis without obvious etiology six years.ago. In June, 1986 very low levels of PC antigen (25 %) and activity (27 %) were found when she was six-month pregnant. Three other family members (62, 24 and 19-year-old) had PC levels around 50 % but were symptomfree. Because of the post-thrombotic~syndrome and the pregnancy, ambulatory heparin therapy was immediately started in the patient (10-16'000 IU twice daily, s.c.) in order to maintain a plasma heparin level between 0.2 and 0.5 U/ml six hs after the morning injection. Delivery was induced at full-term whilst heparin was stopped for a few hours. Four weeks after delivery anticoagulation was discontinued and, so far, the patient remained symptomfree. The newborn showed no perinatal problem and the PC antigen level assayed in the umbilical venous blood was 22 % (normal range in the literature 18-46 %). Antithrombin III and protein S levels as well as fibtinolytic potential were within normal values in all family members.Conclusions. 1) Only one out of four heterozygote PC deficient family members had presented with venous thromboembolism. 2) The symptomatic subject had the lowest PC level in the family (activity and antigen around 25 %). 3) This woman experienced an event-free pregnancy and delivery although heparin was started only in the sixth month of pregnancy. 4) Thus, penetrance of the thrombotic trait may be quite variable (and low) amongst PC deficient heterozygotes, an observation which raises the question of the indication of long-term anticoagulation in these individuals. 5) Pregnancy did not affect the PC antigen and activity levels in our patient.