bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous remission of West syndrome following a human herpesvirus 7 infection in a Chinese infant
Authors: Li Honghua , Wang Bing , Shan Ling , Du Lin , Jia Feiyong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
West syndrome (WS) is an age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy that is characterized by intractable epileptic seizures, hypsarrhythmia, and observed through electroencephalogram (EEG) and significant neurodevelopmental regression. The spontaneous remission of epileptic seizure is clinically rare and has not previously been reported in a Chinese infant. Herein, we reported a Chinese infant with WS whose seizures disappeared following a human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection.

Patient concerns:
The male Chinese infant was born at the gestational age of 36 weeks with a birth weight of 1.65 kg and an Apgar score of 7 at the first minute. At the age of 6 months, the infant developed seizures that manifested as flexor spasms with trunk involvement and mental regression.

Diagnosis:
Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed leukomalacia of the posterior horn and a reduction in the size of the periventricular of the bilateral ventricle and the corpus callosum. An EEG revealed hypsarrhythmia and typical spasm seizures. Therefore, the infant was diagnosed with symptomatic WS.

Interventions:
The infant was treated with adequate vitamin B6 intravenous drip and oral treatment with topiramate and levetiracetam.

Outcomes:
The observed seizures disappeared spontaneously 40 days after onset, without any changes in the anti-epileptic drug treatment, following a febrile rash due to a HHV-7 infection.

Lessons:
Spontaneous remission of epileptic seizures can occur following viral infection of HHV-7 in children with WS. The mechanism behind this spontaneous remission warrants further research.
Superior mesenteric artery branch pseudoaneurysm rupture mimicking acute pancreatitis in a patient with acute type B aortic dissection
Authors: Wang Jing , Cao Dianbo , Tong Qian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Visceral arterial pseudoaneurysms are rare but important vascular entities because of their inclination to cause life-threatening hemorrhage. They were commonly reported to be associated with trauma, infection, inflammatory disease, or occurred as postoperative complication. To date, there has been no published report of a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) branch pseudoaneurysm rupture mimicking acute pancreatitis in a patient with acute type B aortic dissection.

Patient concerns:
The patient's medical history, clinical information, imaging findings including follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA), and treatment are reported. A 51-year-old male presenting with epigastric pain and fever was found to have an enlarged pancreatic head and obscure fatty space around it on abdominal nonenhanced CT. He has medical history of anaphylactoid purpura and uncontrolled hypertension. His serum lipase and amylase were both within normal limits. Thoracoabdominal CTA following a sudden blood pressure drop attributed to the accurate diagnosis.

Diagnoses:
He was diagnosed with acute type B aortic dissection involving SMA and retroperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to SMA branch pseudoaneurysm rupture.

Interventions:
The patient was successfully treated by thoracic endovascular aortic repair without additional branch intervention.

Outcomes:
Follow-up CTA at 3 months later demonstrated that the endoprothesis is well positioned with no endoleaks, and SMA branch pseudoaneurysm disappeared.

Lessons:
We report a rare and complicated case presenting with SMA branch pseudoaneurysm rupture and acute type B aortic dissection. CTA is vital in the diagnosis of such vessel pathology. We must inspect carefully to ensure that no small lesions are missed.
Evidence for miniscalpel-needle/needle knife in the management of chronic pain related conditions
Authors: Zhang Di , Cheng Ying , Xu Guixing , Yin Zihan , Chen Jiao , Liang Fanrong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to determine the effect of miniscalpel-needle/needle-knife in treatment of chronic pain symptoms.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched by 2 independent reviewers: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). All randomized controlled trials on miniscalpel-needle/need-knife for chronic pain published in electronic databases from inception to August 1, 2019 with language restricted in Chinses and English will be included in the study.
Methodologic quality is assessed by 2 blinded reviewers independently screen and score the articles using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed when there is sufficient clinical homogeneity in at least 2 studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach is used to rate the body of evidence in each meta-analysis. When the quantitive evaluation is not available, a qualitative description of the results of single study is provided.

Results:
A high-quality synthesis of current evidence of miniscapel-needle/needle-knife treating chronic pain will be illustrated using subjective reports and objective measures of performance. The primary outcomes consisted of pain intensity improvement rate clinically meaningful improvements in pain and disability are also noted. Secondary outcomes involve the short form of McGill Pain Questionnaire score (SF-MPQ) and the side effects.

Conclusion:
This protocol will present the evidence of whether miniscalpel-needle/needle-knife is an effective intervention for chronic pain.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42019129076
Effects of Conventional Milk Versus Milk Containing Only A2 β‐Casein on Digestion in Chinese Children
Authors: Sheng Xiaoyang , Li Zailing , Ni Jiayi , Yelland Greg 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:In this study, we hypothesized that replacing conventional milk, which contains A1 and A2 β‐casein proteins, with milk that contains only A2 β‐casein in the diet of dairy or milk‐intolerant preschoolers (age 5 to 6 years) would result in reduced gastrointestinal symptoms associated with milk intolerance, and that this would correspond with cognitive improvements.Methods:This randomized, double‐blind, crossover study aimed to compare the effects of 5 days’ consumption of conventional milk versus milk containing only A2 β‐casein on gastrointestinal symptoms, as assessed via visual analog scales, average stool frequency and consistency, and serum inflammatory and immune biomarkers in healthy preschoolers with mild‐to‐moderate milk intolerance. The study also aimed to compare changes in the cognitive behavior of preschoolers, based on Subtle Cognitive Impairment Test scores.Results:Subjects who consumed milk containing only A2 β‐casein had significantly less severe gastrointestinal symptoms as measured by visual analog scales, reduced stool frequency, and improvements in stool consistency, compared with subjects consuming conventional milk. There were significant increases from baseline in serum interleukin‐4, immunoglobulins G, E, and G1, and beta‐casomorphin‐7 coupled to lower glutathione levels, in subjects consuming conventional milk compared with milk containing only A2 β‐casein. Subtle Cognitive Impairment Test analysis showed significant improvements in test accuracy after consumption of milk containing only A2 β‐casein. There were no severe adverse events related to consumption of either milk product.Conclusions:Replacing conventional milk with milk containing only A2 β‐casein reduced gastrointestinal symptoms associated with milk intolerance in Chinese preschool children, with corresponding improvements in aspects of cognitive performance.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Mimicking Neurosyphilis
Authors: Mittenzwei Rhonda , Dibernardo Louis , Hulette Christine , Harrison William T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a complex and rapidly fatal prion infection of the central nervous system with characteristic clinical and pathological findings. Herein, we present the case of an 80-year-old man with a 2-month history of rapid cognitive decline and ataxic gait. He was found to have a positive rapid plasma reagin and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) upon clinical testing and was presumed to have neurosyphilis. His neurological status precipitously declined during his hospitalization and he died. A complete autopsy was performed, which revealed diffuse spongiform change throughout the cerebrum. Brain tissue was sent to the National Prion Disease Surveillance Center, where immunostaining for prion protein (3F4) showed granular deposits, confirming the diagnosis of CJD. There have been rare cases reported in which CJD was clinically suspected but neurosyphilis was confirmed at autopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be published in which the clinical findings strongly favored neurosyphilis, but spongiform encephalopathy was identified at autopsy. We review the clinical, radiographic, electrophysiological, laboratory, and histopathological features of both diseases and discuss the overlapping findings and inherent diagnostic difficulties. We also review the recommended protocols for safely handling suspected prion-infected autopsy tissue. A heightened awareness of the features of CJD and other prion diseases is needed among forensic pathologists, neuropathologists, and general autopsy pathologists to understand how to safely handle the tissue to get definite diagnoses for the decedent's family members and clinical care team.
A One Health approach to prevention, treatment, and control of campylobacteriosis
Authors: Schiaffino Francesca , Platts-Mills James , Kosek Margaret N. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
To review recent findings regarding the control and treatment of campylobacteriosis.

Recent findings
The application of improved diagnostics has led to an upward shift in the attributable burden of Campylobacter infections, in both the United States and Europe as well as in resource-poor settings. Increased focus has brought a fundamental feature of campylobacteriosis -- the ability to cause relapsing disease back into focus, and expanding data on antimicrobial resistance has lead from a switch in first-line therapy for severe diarrhea from quinolones to azithromycin in most contexts, even as evidence of expanding macrolide resistance emerges.

Summary

Campylobacter spp. infection is a common infection worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. has become an emerging threat with the increase in industrial poultry production, as well as the broad use of antibiotics in both animals and humans.
Zika circulation, congenital syndrome, and current guidelines: making sense of it all for the traveller
Authors: Chen Lin H. , Wilson Mary E. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
Zika virus (ZIKV) swept through the Americas and led to recognition of its neurotropism. Zika circulation elsewhere in the world, nonvector transmission including maternal–fetal/sexual/transfusion routes, and additional reports on congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) have been published.

Recent findings
In 2018–2019, ZIKV transmission occurred in Cuba, India, and is suspected to appear sporadically in other countries. Maternal–fetal ZIKV transmission appears to occur in about 26% of ZIKV-infected pregnant women. The US ZIKV Pregnancy and Infant Registry identified 6% of live births to have at least one ZIKV-associated birth defect; 9% had at least one neurodevelopmental abnormality; 1% had both. Infectious virus was rarely isolated from semen of ZIKV-infected male patients beyond day 38 after symptom onset. Brazilian blood donations had low ZIKV prevalence in 2015–2016; in the United States, screening donations was cost-effective only in the high mosquito season in Puerto Rico.

Summary
ZIKV transmission continues; many countries with competent mosquitoes are at risk. Transmission can occur without detection where surveillance is poor and laboratory capacity limited. Travelers are important sentinels. Variations exist among ZIKV strains and Aedes mosquitoes that influence competence for transmission. Maternal–fetal transmission results in significant rates of abnormality. Identification of infectious virus in semen clarifies sexual transmission risk, with updated recommendations for preconception planning. ZIKV neurotropism requires further research and long-term follow-up.
Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy With Peritoneal Staple-line Reinforcement: A Novel Technique (With Video)
Authors: Bruno Marco A. , Mandojana Facundo , Liaño Jilián , Doniquian Alejandro M. , Alvarez Fernando A. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction:
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (PPF) is still the major source of morbidity in distal pancreatectomy (DP). Despite the many surgical techniques and technology devices developed for the closure of the pancreatic stump, the PPF rate remains high, and there is no consensus with regard to the most appropriate stump closure technique. We herein present, for the first time, an innovative approach for staple-line reinforcement in DP using an autologous peritoneal patch.

Materials and Methods:
The results of 2 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic DP due to mucinous cystic neoplasms were included in this report. The pancreas was transected with a reinforced stapler using a peritoneal patch obtained from the anterolateral wall of the abdomen, divided into 2 pieces, and sutured around each stapler jaw. The embedded video (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SLE/A209) reports our standardized technique.

Results:
Both patients had a favorable recovery without PPF or any complication and were discharged fully recovered 4 and 5 days after surgery without drains. Currently, both patients are alive and free of disease 1 year and 8 months after the procedure.

Conclusions:
The use of an autologous parietal peritoneal patch for staple-line reinforcement in DP was feasible and safe in experienced hands. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and elucidate whether this readily available, inexpensive, rapid, and versatile alternative could reduce the PPF rate.
Identifying an Optimal Cutoff of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to Predict Amyloid-PET Positivity in a Referral Memory Clinic
Authors: Nair Anil K. , Ramaswamy Srinath , Kan Krystal , Nair Shreya 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Brain amyloid- positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is highly sensitive for identifying Alzheimer disease. Currently, there is a lack of insight on the association between amyloid-PET status and the widely used Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Studying this relationship may optimize the clinical use of amyloid-PET imaging.

Objectives:
To evaluate the relationship between amyloid-PET status and MoCA scores and to identify a MoCA score cutoff that translates to amyloid-PET positivity.

Methods:
Using retrospective chart review, patients from 2010 to 2017 with amyloid-PET scans (positive or negative) and MoCA test scores were included. We studied the relationship between amyloid-PET status and MoCA scores and the influence of age, sex, education, and race. A MoCA score cutoff for amyloid-PET positivity was estimated.

Results:
Among the 684 clinic patients with dementia, 99 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Amyloid-PET positivity was associated significantly with lower MoCA scores (median=19, U=847, P=0.01). The MoCA score cutoff (25) used for minimal cognitive impairment (MCI) predicted amyloid-PET positivity suboptimally (sensitivity=94.6%, specificity=13.9%). A MoCA score cutoff of 20 patients had optimal sensitivity (64.2%) and specificity (67.4%).

Conclusions:
Amyloid-PET positivity is associated with lower MoCA scores. Clinical utility of amyloid-PET scan is likely to be suboptimal at the MoCA score cutoff for minimal cognitive impairment.
Detection of malaria parasites in dried human blood spots using mid-infrared spectroscopy and logistic regression analysis
Authors: Mwanga Emmanuel P. , Minja Elihaika G. , Mrimi Emmanuel , Jiménez Mario González , Swai Johnson K. , Abbasi Said , Ngowo Halfan S. , Siria Doreen J. , Mapua Salum , Stica Caleb , Maia Marta F. , Olotu Ally , Sikulu-Lord Maggy T. , Baldini Francesco , Ferguson Heather M. , Wynne Klaas , Selvaraj Prashanth , Babayan Simon A. , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological surveys of malaria currently rely on microscopy, polymerase chain reaction assays (PCR) or rapid diagnostic test kits for Plasmodium infections (RDTs). This study shows that mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy coupled with supervised machine learning could constitute an alternative method for rapid malaria screening, directly from dried human blood spots.MethodsFilter papers containing dried blood spots (DBS) were obtained from a cross-sectional malaria survey in twelve wards in south-eastern Tanzania in 2018/19. The DBS were scanned using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer to obtain high-resolution MIR spectra in the range, 4000 cm-1 to 500 cm−1. The spectra were cleaned to compensate for atmospheric water vapor and CO2 interference bands and used to train different classification algorithms to distinguish between malaria-positive and malaria-negative DBS papers based on PCR test results as reference. The analysis considered 296 individuals, including 123 PCR-confirmed malaria-positives and 173 negatives. Model training was done using 80% of the dataset, after which the best-fitting model was optimized by bootstrapping of 80/20 train/test stratified splits. The trained models were evaluated by predicting Plasmodium falciparum positivity in the 20% validation set of DBS.ResultsLogistic regression was the best-performing model. Considering PCR as reference, the models attained overall accuracies of 92% for predicting P. falciparum infections (specificity = 91.7%; sensitivity = 92.8%) and 85% for predicting mixed infections of P. falciparum and P. ovale (specificity = 85%, sensitivity = 85%) in the field-collected specimen.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that mid-infrared spectroscopy coupled with supervised machine learning (MIR-ML) could be used to screen for malaria parasites in dried human blood spots. The approach could have potential for rapid and high-throughput screening of Plasmodium infections in both non-clinical settings (e.g. field surveys) and clinical settings (diagnosis to aid case management). However, full utility will require further advances in classification algorithms, field validation of this technology in other study sites and an in-depth evaluation of the biological basis of the observed test results. Training the models on larger datasets could also improve specificity and sensitivity of the technique. The MIR-ML spectroscopy system is robust, low-cost, and requires minimum maintenance.
Cardiac arrest outcomes after targeted temperature management with an esophageal cooling device
Authors: Anderson Cedar Morrow , Fisher Rick , Berry Donald , Diestelhorst J Brad , Wayne Marvin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of an esophageal device to provide TTM (Target Temperature Management) post Cardiac ArrestDesignA chart review of all patients treated with ETTM, following cardiac arrest. Initial patient temperature, time to target, supplemental methods (water blankets, head wraps, or ice packs), and patient survival were extracted for analysis.SettingCommunity Medical Center Intensive Care UnitPatientsAll patients receiving TTM via an esophageal device post Cardiac Arrest from August 2016 to November 2018InterventionsTTM both cooling and warming via an esophageal deviceMeasurements and ResultsA total of 54 patients were treated from August 2016 to November 2018; 30 received ETM only, 22 received supplemental cooling, and 2 had treatment discontinued prior to reaching target due to recovery. Target temperatures ranged from 32 to 36 degrees. The median time to target temperature for the entire cohort was 219 minutes (IQR 81-415). For the cohorts without, and with, supplemental cooling modalities, the median time to attain target temperature was 128 minutes (IQR 71-334), and 285 minutes (IQR 204-660), respectively. Survival to ICU discharge was 51.9% for the entire cohort.ConclusionsETM attains target temperature at a rate consistent with current guidelines and with similar performance to alternative modalities. This may provide a more cost-effective and approachable core cooling option to community hospitals that only use water blankets or other surface methods.
Comparison of Gene Expression During Early Phases of Limb Regeneration Between Regeneration-permissive Neotenic and Regeneration-deficient Metamorphic Axolotl
Authors: Sibai Mustafa , Altuntaş Ebru , Süzek Barış Ethem , Şahin Betül , Parlayan Cüneyd , Öztürk Gürkan , Baykal Ahmet Tarık , Demircan Turan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe axolotl (Ambystoma Mexicanum) salamander, an urodele amphibian, has an exceptional regenerative capacity to fully restore an amputated limb throughout the life-long lasting neoteny. By contrast, when axolotls are experimentally induced to metamorphosis, attenuation of the limb’s regenerative competence is noticeable. Here, we sought to discern the proteomic profiles of the early stages of blastema formation of neotenic and metamorphic axolotls after limb amputation by means of LC-MS/MS technology. We quantified a total of 714 proteins having an adjusted p < 0.01 with FC greater or equal to 2 between two conditions. Principal component analysis revealed a conspicuous clustering between neotenic and metamorphic samples at 7 days post-amputation. Different set of proteins was identified as differentially expressed at all of the time points (1, 4, and 7 days post-amputations against day0) for neotenic and metamorphic stages. Although functional enrichment analyses underline the presence of common pathways between regenerative and nonregenerative stages, cell proliferation and its regulation associated pathways, immune system related pathways and muscle tissue and ECM remodeling and degradation pathways were represented at different rate between both stages. To validate the proteomics results and provide evidence for the putative link between immune system activity and regenerative potential, qRT-PCR for selected genes was performed.
Sub-nucleosomal organization in urine cell-free DNA
Authors: Markus Havell , Zhao Jun , Contente-Cuomo Tania , Raupach Elizabeth , Odenheimer-Bergman Ahuva , Connor Sydney , McDonald Bradon R. , Hutchins Elizabeth , McGilvery Marissa , de la Maza Michelina C. , Van Keuren-Jensen Kendall , Pirrotte Patrick , Goel Ajay , Becerra Carlos , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Celinski Scott A. , Hingorani Pooja , Murtaza Muhammed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCell-free DNA (cfDNA) in urine is a promising analyte for noninvasive diagnostics. However, urine cfDNA is highly fragmented and whether characteristics of these fragments reflect underlying genomic architecture is unknown. Here, we perform comprehensive characterization of fragmentation patterns in urine cfDNA. We show modal size and genome-wide distribution of urine cfDNA fragments are consistent with transient protection from degradation by stable intermediates of nucleosome disassembly. Genome-wide nucleosome occupancy and fragment sizes in urine cfDNA are informative of cell of origin and renal epithelial cells are amongst the highest contributors in urine. Compared to a nucleosome occupancy map based on control urine samples, we observe a higher fraction of fragments with aberrant ends in cancer patients, distinguishing cancer samples with an area under the curve of 0.89. Our results demonstrate sub-nucleosomal organization in urine cfDNA and are proof-of-principle that genome-wide fragmentation analysis of urine cfDNA can enable cancer diagnostics.