bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of microbial communities and intestinal pathogenic bacteria for migrated Larus ridibundus in southwest China
Authors: Liao Feng , Gu Wenpeng , Li Duo , Liang Junrong , Fu Xiaoqing , Xu Wen , Duan Ran , Wang Xin , Jing Huaiqi , Dai Jiejie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLarus ridibundus, a migratory wild bird, has become one of the most popular gull species in southwest China in recent years. There has been no information on the gut microbiota and intestinal pathogenic bacteria configuration in wild L. ridibundus, even though the public are in close contact with this bird. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon‐sequencing methods were used to describe the microbial community structure and intestinal pathogenic bacteria were isolated to identify their characteristics. The taxonomic results revealed that Firmicutes (86%), Proteobacteria (10%), and Tenericutes (3%) were the three most abundant phyla in the gut of L. ridibundus. Enterococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Mycoplasmataceae were the most predominant families, respectively. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), the richness estimates and diversity indices of microbiota, was statistically different (p < 0.05). However, beta diversity showed that no statistical significance (p > 0.05) between all the fecal samples. The most frequently isolated intestinal pathogenic bacteria from L. ridibundus were enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (32%) and Salmonella (21%). Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results of Salmonella species revealed a high degree of similarity between isolates, which was not observed for other species. None of the potentially pathogenic isolates were identical to human‐isolated counterparts suggesting that there was little cross‐infection between humans and gulls, despite close proximity. In brief, this study provided a baseline for future L. ridibundus microbiology analysis, and made an understanding of the intestinal bacterial community structure and diversity.
Long‐Term Genistein Consumption Modifies Gut Microbiota, Improving Glucose Metabolism, Metabolic Endotoxemia, and Cognitive Function in Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: López Patricia , Sánchez Mónica , Perez‐Cruz Claudia , Velázquez‐Villegas Laura A. , Syeda Tauqeerunnisa , Aguilar‐López Miriam , Rocha‐Viggiano Ana K. , del Carmen Silva‐Lucero María , Torre‐Villalvazo Ivan , Noriega Lilia G. , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando R. 
Published: July 2018

ScopeThe aim of this study is to assess whether the long‐term addition of genistein to a high‐fat diet can ameliorate the metabolic and the cognitive alterations and whether the changes can be associated with modifications to the gut microbiota.Methods and resultsC57/BL6 mice were fed either a control (C) diet, a high‐fat (HF) diet, or a high‐fat diet containing genistein (HFG) for 6 months. During the study, indirect calorimetry, IP glucose tolerance tests, and behavioral analyses were performed. At the end of the study, plasma, liver, brain, and fecal samples were collected. The results showed that mice fed the HFG diet gained less weight, had lower serum triglycerides, and an improvement in glucose tolerance than those fed an HF diet. Mice fed the HFG diet also modified the gut microbiota that was associated with lower circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the liver compared to those fed HF diet. The reduction in LPS by the consumption of genistein was accompanied by an improvement of the cognitive function.ConclusionsGenistein is able to regulate the gut microbiota, reducing metabolic endotoxemia and decreasing the neuroinflammatory response despite the consumption of a HF diet.
Inflammation, Immunity, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: I. Etiology and pathology
Authors: Lyon Miles S. , Wosiski‐Kuhn Marlena , Gillespie Rachel , Caress James , Milligan Carol 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severely debilitating disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Charcot first described ALS in 18691; however, its pathogenesis remains unknown, and effective treatments remain elusive. It is apparent that new paradigms must be investigated to understand the effectors of ALS, including inflammation, immune responses, and the body's response to stress and injury. Herein we discuss the potential role of the immune system in ALS pathogenesis and critically review evidence from patient and animal studies. Although immune system components may indeed play a role in ALS pathogenesis, studies implicating immune cells, antibodies, and cytokines in early disease pathology are limited. We propose more focused studies that examine the role of the immune system together with characterized pathogenesis to determine when, where, and if immune and inflammatory processes are critical to disease progression, and thus worthy targets of intervention. Muscle Nerve 59:10–22, 2019
Antenatal staging of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Fontanella F. , van Scheltema P. N. Adama , Duin L. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Pajkrt E. , Bekker M. N. , Willekes C. , Oepkes D. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo propose a staging system for congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) capable of predicting the severity of the condition and its prognosis.MethodsThis was a national retrospective study carried out at the eight Academic Hospitals in The Netherlands. We collected prenatal and postnatal data of fetuses at high risk of isolated LUTO that were managed conservatively. Postnatal renal function was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated using the Schwartz formula, considering the length of the infant and the creatinine nadir in the first year after birth. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis with stepwise backward elimination were performed in order to identify the best antenatal predictors of perinatal mortality and postnatal renal function.ResultsIn total, 261 fetuses suspected of having LUTO and managed conservatively were included in the study. The pregnancy was terminated in 110 cases and perinatal death occurred in 35 cases. Gestational age at appearance of oligohydramnios showed excellent accuracy in predicting the risk of perinatal mortality with an area under the ROC curve of 0.95 (P < 0.001) and an optimal cut‐off at 26 weeks' gestation. Fetuses with normal amniotic fluid (AF) volume at 26 weeks' gestation presented with low risk of poor outcome and were therefore defined as cases with mild LUTO. In fetuses referred before the 26th week of gestation, the urinary bladder volume (BV) was the best unique predictor of perinatal mortality. ROC curve analysis identified a BV of 5.4 cm3 and appearance of oligohydramnios at 20 weeks as the best threshold for predicting an adverse outcome. LUTO cases with a BV ≥ 5.4 cm3 or abnormal AF volume before 20 weeks' gestation were defined as severe and those with BV < 5.4 cm3 and normal AF volume at the 20 weeks' scan were defined as moderate. Risk of perinatal mortality significantly increased according to the stage of severity, from mild to moderate to severe stage, from 9% to 26% to 55%, respectively. Similarly, risk of severely impaired renal function increased from 11% to 31% to 44%, for mild, moderate and severe LUTO, respectively.ConclusionsGestational age at appearance of oligo‐ or anhydramnios and BV at diagnosis can accurately predict mortality and morbidity in fetuses with LUTO. Our proposed staging system can triage reliably fetuses with LUTO and predict the severity of the condition and its prognosis. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Climate history of Russia and the Soviet Union
Authors: Bruno Andy 
Published: July 2018

Russia and the Soviet Union bear great significance for global climate history, but scholarship on this region is still only beginning to develop as a field. While the historiographies of other geographical locations have matured over the past decade, works concerning Russia thus far have appeared in a piecemeal and somewhat disconnected fashion, not yet cohering in a systematic way. Instead, there exist several insightful threads in the environmental history literature on climate. Scholars have examined the history of climate science in Russia, extending from the research of the Academy of Sciences in the eighteenth century to the global thinking about climate change in the late twentieth century. Social scientists have explored the historical roots of Russia's contemporary climate policy. Disasters related to climate have long attracted the attention of historians, though newer works are more in tune with contemporary scholarship on vulnerability and risk. There has also been movement to analyze the varied experiences of the cold in Russia over the long haul. Making an asset out of its apparent lower stage of development, the field of Russian climate history has an opportunity to directly enter advanced scholarly conversations by focusing on the ubiquitous human experiences with climate. Doing so could allow Russian climate history to acquire a position as an innovator among global climate histories.This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives
New physics opportunities for long-lived particles at electron-proton colliders
Authors: Curtin David , Deshpande Kaustubh , Fischer Oliver , Zurita José 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFuture electron-proton collider proposals like the LHeC or the FCC-eh can supply ab−1of collisions with a center-of-mass energy in the TeV range, while maintaining a clean experimental environment more commonly associated with lepton colliders. We point out that this makese−pcolliders ideally suited to probe BSM signatures with final states that look like “hadronic noise” in the high-energy, pile-up-rich environment ofppcolliders. We focus on the generic vector boson fusion production mechanism, which is available for all BSM particles with electroweak charges at mass scales far above the reach of most lepton colliders. This is in contrast to previous BSM studies at these machines, which focused on BSM processes with large production rates from the asymmetric initial state. We propose to exploit the unique experimental environment in the search for long-lived particle signals arising from Higgsinos or exotic Higgs decays. Ate−pcolliders, the soft decay products of long-lived Higgsino can be explicitly reconstructed (“displaced single pion”), and very short lifetimes can be probed. We find thate−pcolliders can explore significant regions of BSM parameter space inaccessible to other collider searches, with important implications for the design of such machines.
Judicial Remedies for Forced Slum Evictions in Bangladesh: An Analysis of the Structural Injunction
Authors: NAZNIN S M Atia , ALAM Shawkat 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe adoption of weak remedies, such as declarations or recommendations by the Bangladesh Supreme Court in litigations on state-induced forced slum evictions, significantly contributes to the tardy implementation of court orders. In this context, there is a growing global consensus on the structural injunction—a remedy that enables judges to monitor and bring about governmental compliance with judicial orders of social rights litigation. The Bangladesh Supreme Court faces several real and compelling challenges relating to its constitutional authority and institutional capacity that hinder remedial innovation. Through examining relevant constitutional provisions, judicial approach, and comparative examples, this article argues that the court has the capacity to overcome these constraints. Thus, it advocates judicial reform in Bangladesh to offset the state’s often arbitrary interference with the basic necessity of housing of the slum dwellers.
Building diverse careers in clinical and translational research: Evaluation of a certificate program in translational research
Authors: Comeau Dawn L. , Alvarez Jessica A. , Bhatti Pamela , Paulsen Douglas F. , Quarshie Alexander , Escoffery Cam , Ofotukun Igho , Eisen Hannah , Ziegler Thomas R. , Blumberg Henry M. 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe Certificate Program in Translational Research (CPTR) at the Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance provides Ph.D. students, postdoctoral fellows and faculty with didactic, mentored, and experiential training in clinical and translational research.MethodsQuantitative evaluation includes tracking trainee competency, publications, grants and careers in clinical and translational research. Qualitative evaluation includes interviews with trainees about program experiences.ResultsThe CPTR provided knowledge and skills in clinical and translational research through coursework, clinical rotations, and collaboration with interdisciplinary scientists. Trainees reported increased confidence in 22 program competencies. Trainees have published more than 290 peer-reviewed articles and received over $4 million in grants from the NIH, over $15 million from the U.S. Department of Defense, and more than $300,000 from foundations. Trainees who completed the program remained in clinical and translational research.ConclusionsPrograms like the CPTR are needed to train investigators to advance biomedical discoveries into population health.
Effect of Herbicide Management Practices Used by Invasive Plant Managers onBerteroa incana(Hoary Alyssum) Seed Biology and Control
Authors: Menalled Uriel D. , Davis Stacy C. , Mangold Jane M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHoary alyssum [Berteroa incana(L.) DC.] is a nonnative invasive forb that is noxious in California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan. ManagingB. incanais difficult, because it has an extended flowering period, during which plants simultaneously flower and produce seeds. Consequently, poorly timed herbicide applications may killB. incanaflowers but not prevent viable seed production. We examined how different herbicide management practices used by invasive plant managers affectedB. incanaseed production and viability the year of application as well as population density 1 yr after application. Professional invasive plant managers sprayedB. incanawith various herbicides as part of their current management practices at six sites in southwestern Montana in summer 2016. We collectedB. incanaplants at 4 wk postapplication for seed biology analyses. Across the six sites, nonsprayedB. incanaproduced 5 to 1,855 seeds plant−1and averaged 429 seeds plant−1. Seed production was reduced by 64% to 99% with 7 of the 11 herbicide applications.Berteroa incanaseed viability in nonsprayed areas averaged 53% and ranged from 36% to 73% across the sites. Nine of the 10 herbicide applications used by invasive plant managers reduced seed viability 49% to 100%. Few of the herbicide management practices reducedB. incana’s population density the following growing season, suggesting that managers should expect reoccurring infestations at least 1 yr after application. Our results show that invasive plant managers can reduceB. incanaviable seed production even when spraying plants that have flowered and formed seed pods. However, sites may need to be monitored for additional years to treat reoccurring infestations.
Resting-State Functional Brain Connectivity Best Predicts the Personality Dimension of Openness to Experience
Authors: Dubois Julien , Galdi Paola , Han Yanting , Paul Lynn K. , Adolphs Ralph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPersonality neuroscience aims to find associations between brain measures and personality traits. Findings to date have been severely limited by a number of factors, including small sample size and omission of out-of-sample prediction. We capitalized on the recent availability of a large database, together with the emergence of specific criteria for best practices in neuroimaging studies of individual differences. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 884 young healthy adults in the Human Connectome Project database. We attempted to predict personality traits from the “Big Five,” as assessed with the Neuroticism/Extraversion/Openness Five-Factor Inventory test, using individual functional connectivity matrices. After regressing out potential confounds (such as age, sex, handedness, and fluid intelligence), we used a cross-validated framework, together with test-retest replication (across two sessions of resting-state fMRI for each subject), to quantify how well the neuroimaging data could predict each of the five personality factors. We tested three different (published) denoising strategies for the fMRI data, two intersubject alignment and brain parcellation schemes, and three different linear models for prediction. As measurement noise is known to moderate statistical relationships, we performed final prediction analyses using average connectivity across both imaging sessions (1 hr of data), with the analysis pipeline that yielded the highest predictability overall. Across all results (test/retest; three denoising strategies; two alignment schemes; three models), Openness to experience emerged as the only reliably predicted personality factor. Using the full hour of resting-state data and the best pipeline, we could predict Openness to experience (NEOFAC_O:r=.24,R2=.024) almost as well as we could predict the score on a 24-item intelligence test (PMAT24_A_CR:r=.26,R2=.044). Other factors (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) yielded weaker predictions across results that were not statistically significant under permutation testing. We also derived two superordinate personality factors (“α” and “β”) from a principal components analysis of the Neuroticism/Extraversion/Openness Five-Factor Inventory factor scores, thereby reducing noise and enhancing the precision of these measures of personality. We could account for 5% of the variance in the β superordinate factor (r=.27,R2=.050), which loads highly on Openness to experience. We conclude with a discussion of the potential for predicting personality from neuroimaging data and make specific recommendations for the field.
DIFFERENTIALS IN SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AMONG EAST MALAYSIAN
ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Awang Halimah , Low Wah Yun , Tong Wen Ting , Tan Lih Yoong , Cheah Whye Lian , Benedict Lasimbang Helen , Mohd Hassan Hamizah 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of
East Malaysian adolescents on sexual and
reproductive health issues. Data were collected in
March–July 2015 from 2858 adolescents aged 13–18
years from selected East Malaysian secondary schools
using a self-administered questionnaire. Twelve
items relating to sexual and reproductive health
were used to measure respondents’ knowledge based on
their responses ‘True’, ‘False’ or ‘Don’t know’,
with the proportion of correct answers being the
variable of interest. Cronbach’s alpha for the
twelve items was 0.761 and the mean knowledge score
was 6.8. While the majority of the respondents knew
that a woman can get pregnant if she has sex with a
man and that HIV and AIDS can be transmitted through
sexual intercourse, knowledge about Malaysia’s
abortion laws, that a woman can get pregnant if she
has sex only once and that people with sexually
transmitted infections may look healthy was poor.
Older respondents and those from urban schools
reported significantly higher knowledge than younger
respondents and those from rural schools,
respectively. More emphasis should be given in
schools to the specific topics for which low levels
of sexual and reproductive health knowledge were
found, with greater attention being given to younger
adolescents and those in rural areas.
On the iteration of quasimeromorphic mappings
Authors: WARREN LUKE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Fatou–Julia theory for rational functions has been extended both to transcendental meromorphic functions and more recently to several different types of quasiregular mappings in higher dimensions. We extend the iterative theory to quasimeromorphic mappings with an essential singularity at infinity and at least one pole, constructing the Julia set for these maps. We show that this Julia set shares many properties with those for transcendental meromorphic functions and for quasiregular mappings of punctured space.
Sacubitril/Valsartan: potential treatment for paediatric heart failure
Authors: Das Bibhuti B. , Scholl Frank , Vandale Breanna , Chrisant Maryanne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Prospective comparison of angiotensin receptor antagonist Valsartan and neprilysin inhibitor Sacubitril with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) to determine impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure trial has demonstrated that Sacubitril/Valsartan is superior to Enalapril in reducing the risks of both sudden cardiac death and death from worsening heart failure. This novel combination, Sacubitril/Valsartan, is also shown to reduce the risk of hospitalisation and progression of heart failure in adults. However, the benefit of Sacubitril/Valsartan in paediatric heart failure patients is unknown. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in pathophysiology of heart failure in children versus adults, and the potential role of Sacubitril/Valsartan in paediatric heart failure patients.
Transnational REDD+Rule Making: The Regulatory Landscape for REDD+ Implementation in Latin America
Authors: Recio María Eugenia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractREDD+ – an incentive mechanism to reduce deforestation and associated greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries – was developed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and subsequently included in the Paris Agreement. Its early implementation activities have highlighted the role of certain intergovernmental actors: REDD+financing initiatives, including the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility and Forest Investment Programme, and UN-REDD, a collaborative programme involving three agencies of the United Nations. By setting conditions for the provision of support for REDD+, these initiatives have actively and influentially engaged in REDD+rule making. This article focuses on the regulatory landscape for REDD+and examines rules developed under the UNFCCC and elaborated by the REDD+financing initiatives, using examples from the Latin American region. The analysis shows that informal lawmaking plays a more relevant role in REDD+rule making than international formal law, and has demonstrated legal and practical effects. However, informality can also tilt power relations between donor and recipient countries, which could jeopardize the legitimacy of transnational rule making.