bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of trans‐free margarine fat by enzymatic interesterification of soy bean oil, palm stearin and coconut stearin blend
Authors: Lakum Ruttiya , Sonwai Sopark 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTrans‐free structure lipids (SLs) were prepared from enzymatic interesterification (EI) of soybean oil (SBO), palm stearin (PS) and coconut stearin (CNS) blends in different ratios (0:70:30, 10:60:30, 20:50:30, 30:40:30 and 40:30:30% wt.) using Lipozyme RM IM at 65 °C for 8 h. After EI, the fatty acid composition of the SLs exhibited no change from the physical blends (PBs). Medium‐chain fatty acid was incorporated into the triacylglycerol of the SLs. The melting completion temperature decreased from 50–54 °C of PBs to 32–44 °C of SLs with a reduction in solid fat content. The small needle‐shaped crystals were observed in the SL samples. SL obtained from EI of 20:50:30 (SBO:PS:CNO) blend exhibited the highest potential to be used as a trans‐free margarine fat as it showed a similar SFC curve to the commercial margarine fat and crystallised into β′ polymorphic form.
Improving antioxidant activity of black bean protein by hydrolysis with protease combinations
Authors: Aguilar Jessika Gonçalves dos Santos , Granato Cason Victor , de Castro Ruann Janser Soares 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis study explored the use of a simplex centroid design to produce protein hydrolysates with antioxidant properties using Alcalase® 2.4L, Flavourzyme® 500L and Neutrase® 0.8L. Proteases kinetic parameters and the ultrafiltration of protein hydrolysates were also investigated. The highest antioxidant activity, in the studied conditions, was reached when the mixture of Alcalase® 2.4L and Flavourzyme® 500L was used in the hydrolysates production. The antioxidant power of the black bean proteins, measured by the total antioxidant capacity and reducing power assay, increased after hydrolysis by 31% and 70%, respectively. The black bean proteins hydrolysates fractions (3–30 kDa) showed an antioxidant activity decrease along with a reduction in molecular weight, demonstrating that a set of varied molecular weight peptides was responsible for the antioxidant characteristics of black bean protein hydrolysates.
Effect of a nurse‐led intervention programme on professional quality of life and post‐traumatic growth in oncology nurses
Authors: Yılmaz Gülay , Üstün Besti , Günüşen Neslihan Partlak 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of a nurse‐led intervention programme on compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout, which are indicators of the professional quality of life and post‐traumatic growth of oncology nurses.MethodThe study was designed in a single group with pre‐test and post‐test comparisons. The nurse‐led intervention programme was carried out in two face‐to‐face sessions and two counselling follow‐up sessions by phone with 43 nurses who care for oncology patients at a university hospital. The nurse‐led intervention sessions consisted of a lecture on a relevant topic, background reading, baksi dance and mandala painting; motivational text messages and counselling. The Professional Quality of Life‐IV Scale and the Post‐Traumatic Growth Inventory were used, and data were evaluated using the “paired groups t test” analysis. Data for the study were acquired between March and April 2016.ResultsThe evaluation carried out before and 5 weeks after the intervention showed that compassion fatigue and burnout decreased, while compassion satisfaction and all subscales scores of post‐traumatic growth inventory increased.ConclusionThis nurse‐led intervention programme was effective in improving the professional quality of life and post‐traumatic growth of oncology nurses.
Remission of obesity among a nationally representative sample of US children
Authors: Luan D. , Mezuk B. , Bauer K. W. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known about the incidence and natural history of obesity remission among children outside of weight loss programmes.ObjectivesThe objectives are to characterize and identify sociodemographic and early life predictors of obesity remission between kindergarten and eighth grade among a nationally representative sample of US children.MethodsThe sample included children with obesity [age‐specific and gender‐specific body mass index percentile (BMI) ≥95] at the spring kindergarten assessment of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–99. Weight categories across 8 years of follow‐up were used to identify three transition patterns: persistent obesity remission, non‐persistent obesity remission and non‐remission. Weight, height and BMI changes between remission categories were examined and predictors of persistent remission were identified.ResultsOne‐third of children with obesity in kindergarten experienced remission during follow‐up and 21.6% of children experienced persistent remission through eighth grade. Female gender and high socio‐economic status predicted persistent remission; these associations were attenuated after accounting for baseline BMI. Children experiencing persistent remission gained less weight across waves than those experiencing non‐remission.ConclusionsA meaningful proportion of young children with obesity experience remission by eighth grade. Further study is needed to identify factors that support obesity remission among children outside of treatment contexts.
Impact of dynamic physical exercise on high‐risk definite arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ruiz Salas Amalio , Barrera Cordero Alberto , Navarro‐Arce Isabel , Jiménez Navarro Manuel , García Pinilla José Manuel , Cabrera Bueno Fernando , Abdeselam‐Mohamed Nasiba , Morcillo‐Hidalgo Luis , Gómez Doblas Juan José , de Teresa Eduardo , Alzueta Javier 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure. The variable phenotype suggesting that determined environmental factors may have an influence. The aim of our study was to discover the impact of the dynamic physical activity on patients with high‐risk definite ARVC/D.Methods and ResultsCollection of data on physical activity at the time of diagnosis was conducted at an in‐person clinical interview. The intensity of the activity was classified in accordance with the mean frequency of weekly physical exercise sessions in the 10 years before diagnosis and into the following three groups of dynamic activity: high/competitive (>3 h/wk), moderate (1 to 3 h) and minimal/inactive (<1 h). Seventeen patients practiced high dynamic physical activities. The intensity of dynamic activity was classified into three groups: 8 of high intensity, 9 moderate, and 19 inactive. The first major arrhythmic event and occurrence of severe right ventricular dysfunction were earlier in the high‐intensity exercise group, followed by the moderate intensity group and at a later age in the low‐intensity/inactive group.ConclusionsDynamic exercise could be directly associated with the severity of the phenotype in relation to the precocity of major ventricular arrhythmic events and right ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with high‐risk definite ARVC/D.
Clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing, metronidazole and amoxicillin in the treatment of diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects with periodontitis: A cohort study
Authors: Duarte Poliana Mendes , Feres Magda , Yassine Lina Lameh Smeili , Soares Geisla Mary Silva , Miranda Tamires Szeremeske , Faveri Marcelo , Retamal‐Valdes Belen , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate if non‐diabetic subjects with periodontitis respond better than subjects with type 2 diabetes to the treatment protocol of scaling and root planing (SRP), metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX).Material and MethodsDiabetic and nondiabetic subjects with severe periodontitis received SRP + MTZ (400 mg/thrice a day [TID]) + AMX (500 mg/TID) for 14 days. Subgingival biofilm samples were analyzed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species. Subjects were monitored at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months post‐therapy.ResultsTwenty‐nine type 2 diabetics and 29 non‐diabetic subjects participated of this study. Of the non‐diabetics and diabetics, 68.9% and 75.9%, respectively, reached the clinical endpoint for treatment (≤4 sites with probing depth [PD] ≥5 mm) at 1 year post‐therapy (p > 0.05). The diabetic group presented lower mean clinical attachment gain from baseline to 1 year post‐therapy and higher mean proportions of the red and orange complexes than the non‐diabetic group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNon‐diabetic subjects with severe periodontitis did not respond better than type 2 diabetic subjects to the treatment protocol of SRP + MTZ + AMX, both in terms of achieving the clinical endpoint for treatment and of PD improvement. Diabetic subjects exhibited a slightly worse microbiological response and showed a healing process more associated with gingival recession than the non‐diabetics.
Genetic signatures of lipid metabolism evolution in Cetacea since the divergence from terrestrial ancestor
Authors: Endo Yoshinori , Kamei Ken‐ichiro , Inoue‐Murayama Miho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn mammalian evolutionary history, Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) achieved astonishing success by adapting to an aquatic environment. One unique characteristic of cetaceans, contributing to this adaptive success, is efficient lipid utilization. Here, we report a comparative genetic analysis of five aquatic and five terrestrial Cetartiodactyla species using 144 genes associated with lipid metabolism. Mutation ratio (dN/dS), amino acid substitution in functional domains and metabolic pathways were evaluated using branch‐site model in PAML, Pfam and KEGG, respectively. Our tests detected 20 positively selected genes in Cetacea compared to 11 in Bovidae with little overlap between the lineages. We identified lineage‐specific patterns of amino acid substitutions and functional domains that were mutually exclusive between cetaceans and bovids, supporting divergent evolution of lipid metabolism since the divergence of these taxa from a common ancestor. Moreover, a pathway analysis showed that the identified genes in cetaceans were associated with lipid digestion, lipid storage and energy‐producing pathways. This study emphasizes the evolutionary context of lipid metabolism modification of cetaceans and provides a foundation for future studies of elucidating the adapted biological mechanisms of cetacean lipid metabolism and a framework for incorporating ecological context into studies aimed at investigating adaptive evolution.
Learning‐induced host preference in male parasitoid wasps as a potential driver of ecological speciation
Authors: Sasakawa Kôji , Kon Yûsuke 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEcological speciation via a host shift plays an important role in the diversification of phytophagous and parasitic insects. However, it is not clear how separation is maintained among initial populations in which genetic separation mechanisms are not fully established. Learning‐induced host preference in females can contribute to host fidelity and result in a barrier to gene flow in the initial populations. However, the role of males, which also affects gene flow, has been largely unexplored. We examined host preference through induced learning in males, which can contribute to initial population divergence, in the parasitoid wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae, and two host species, Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus. Behavioural experiments were performed using a four‐chamber olfactometer. When wasps were conditioned during the preimaginal and early adult stage without mating experience, no preference was induced regardless of the host species. However, when wasps were conditioned at the early adult stage using the odour of the rearing host and mate reward, preference was induced in both host species. These results demonstrate mate reward learning‐induced host preference in males. Interestingly, when the rearing host species and the mating conditioning host species were interchanged, preference was induced only in males conditioned to C. maculatus at mating. Thus, depending on the host species, preimaginal and early adult learning is vital to preference induction. Our results suggest that behavioural change via learning in males plays a more important role in the ecological speciation of phytophagous and parasitic insects than previously recognized.
Virulence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
Authors: Jarau Maureen , Di Natale Adrian , Huber Paul E. , MacInnes Janet I. , Lumsden John S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFlavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial cold‐water disease (BCWD) in freshwater‐reared salmonids, is also a common commensal organism of healthy fish. The virulence potential of F. psychrophilum isolates obtained from BCWD cases in Ontario between 1994 and 2009 was evaluated. In preliminary infection trials of rainbow trout juveniles, significant differences (0% to 63% mortality) in the virulence of the 22 isolates tested were noted following intraperitoneal injection with 108 cfu/fish. A highly virulent strain, FPG 101, was selected for further study. When fish were injected intraperitoneally with a 106, 107 or 108 cfu/fish of F. psychrophilum FPG 101, the 108 cfu/fish dose produced significantly greater mortality (p < 0.05). The bacterial load in spleen samples collected from fish every 3 days after infection was determined using rpoC quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification and by plate counting. Bacterial culture and rpoC qPCR were highly correlated (R2 = 0.92); however, culture was more sensitive than the qPCR assay for the detection of F. psychrophilum in spleen tissue. Ninety‐seven per cent of the asymptomatic and the morbid fish had splenic bacterial loads of <2.8 log10 gene/copies and >3.0 log10 gene copies/reaction, respectively, following infection with 108 cfu/fish.
Closing the TIMES Integrated Assessment Model (TIAM‐FR) Raw Materials Gap with Life Cycle Inventories
Authors: Boubault Antoine , Kang Seungwoo , Maïzi Nadia 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIntegrated assessment models are in general not constrained by mineral resource supply. In this paper, we introduce a material accounting method as a first step toward addressing the raw materials gap in the TIMES integrated assessment model (TIAM‐FR version). The method consists of attributing process‐based life cycle inventories (LCIs) taken from the ecoinvent 3.3 database to the TIAM‐FR technology processes constituting the global energy system. We demonstrate the method performing a prospective exercise on the electricity‐generating sector in a second shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP2) baseline scenario on the 2010–2100 time horizon. We start by disaggregating the LCIs into three separate life phases (construction, operation, and decommissioning) and coupling them to their respective TIAM‐FR electric outputs (new capacities, electricity production, and end‐of‐life capacities) in order to estimate the annual mineral resource requirements. Prospective uses of fossil fuels and metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources are quantified dynamically at the life phase and regional levels (15 world regions). The construction of hydropower, solar power, and wind power plants generate increasing use of metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources in successive peak and valley periods. However, the use of fossil fuels is much higher than the use of mineral resources all along the horizon. Finally, we evaluate how sensitive the global material use is to the allocation of a share of infrastructure activities to the decommissioning phase. This approach could be extended to other integrated assessment models and possibly other energy sectors.
The Interaction of Monetary and Macroprudential Policies
Authors: SILVO AINO 
Published: August 2018

AbstractI analyze a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model where the financing of productive investment is affected by a moral hazard problem. I solve for jointly Ramsey‐optimal monetary and macroprudential policies. I find that when a financial friction is present in addition to the standard nominal friction, the optimal policy can replicate the first‐best allocation if the social planner can conduct both monetary and macroprudential policy. Using monetary policy alone is not enough: a policy trade‐off between stabilizing inflation and output gap emerges. When policy follows simple rules, the source of fluctuations is relevant for the choice of the appropriate policy mix.
Withdrawal from repeated morphine administration augments expression of the RhoA network in the nucleus accumbens to control synaptic structure
Authors: Cahill Michael E. , Browne Caleb J. , Wang Junshi , Hamilton Peter J. , Dong Yan , Nestler Eric J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a critical brain reward region that mediates the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, including those of morphine and other opiates. Drugs of abuse induce widespread alterations in gene transcription and dendritic spine morphology in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the NAc that ultimately influence NAc excitability and hence reward‐related behavioral responses. Growing evidence indicates that within the NAc small GTPases are common intracellular targets of drugs of abuse where these molecules regulate drug‐mediated transcriptional and spine morphogenic effects. The RhoA small GTPase is among the most well‐characterized members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, and recent work highlights an important role for hippocampal RhoA in morphine‐facilitated reward behavior. Despite this, it remains unclear how RhoA pathway signaling in the NAc is affected by withdrawal from morphine. To investigate this question, using subcellular fractionation and subsequent protein profiling we examined the expression of key components of the RhoA pathway in NAc nuclear, cytoplasmic, and synaptosomal compartments during multiple withdrawal periods from repeated morphine administration. Furthermore, using in vivo viral‐mediated gene transfer, we determined the consequences of revealed RhoA pathway alterations on NAc MSN dendritic spine morphology. Our findings reveal an important role for RhoA signaling cascades in mediating the effects of long‐term morphine withdrawal on NAc MSN dendritic spine elimination.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Prostaglandin E2 depresses GABA release onto parvocellular neuroendocrine neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus via presynaptic receptors
Authors: Khazaeipool Zahra , Wiederman Meagan , Inoue Wataru 
Published: August 2018

Inflammation‐induced activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and the ensuing release of anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoids are critical for the fine‐tuning of the inflammatory response. This immune‐induced neuroendocrine response is in large part mediated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the central actions of which ultimately translate into the excitation of parvocellular neuroendocrine cells (PNCs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. However, the neuronal mechanisms by which PGE2 excites PNCs remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we report that PGE2 potently depresses GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission onto PNCs. Using whole‐cell patch clamp recordings obtained from PNCs in ex vivo hypothalamic slices from rats, we found that bath application of PGE2 (0.01‐100 μmol L‐1) concentration‐dependently decreased the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) with maximum effects at 10 μmol L‐1. The PGE2‐mediated depression of eIPSCs had a rapid onset and was long‐lasting, and also was accompanied by an increase in paired pulse ratio. In addition, PGE2 decreased the frequency but not the amplitude of both spontaneous IPSCs and miniature IPSCs. These results collectively indicate that PGE2 acts at a presynaptic locus to decrease the probability of GABA release. Using pharmacological approaches, we also demonstrated that the EP3 subtype of the PGE2 receptor mediated the actions of PGE2 on GABA synapses. Taken together, our results show that PGE2, via actions of presynaptic EP3 receptors, potently depresses GABA release onto PNCs, providing a plausible mechanism for the disinhibition of HPA axis output during inflammation.
A morphoanatomical approach to the adaptive features of the epidermis and proboscis of a marine Polychaeta: Eulalia viridis (Phyllodocida: Phyllodocidae)
Authors: Rodrigo A. P. , Martins C. , Costa M. H. , Alves de Matos A. P. , Costa P. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEulalia viridis is a marine Polychaeta of the rocky intertidal that, despite its simple anatomy, is an active predator of much larger invertebrates, from which it extracts pieces of soft tissue through suction. This uncanny feeding strategy triggered the pursuit for the morphological mechanisms that enable adaptation to its environment. The evaluation of the worm anatomy and microanatomy, combining electron and optical microscopy, revealed a series of particular adaptations in the epidermis and in the proboscis (the heavily muscled eversible pharynx). Besides its function in feeding, the proboscis is the main sensory organ, being equipped with numerous sensorial papillae holding chemoreceptors. Additionally, the proboscis possesses tentacles that become exposed when the organ is everted. These provide fast release of mucus and toxins, from mucocytes and special serous cells, respectively (the latter involving both merocrine and apocrine processes), whenever contact with a prey occurs. In its turn, the epidermis provides protection by cuticle and mucus secretion and has a sensorial function that may be associated to the worm's uncommon green pigment cells. Eulalia viridis presents a series of elegant adaptive tools to cope with its environment that are evolutionarily designed to counterbalance its relatively simple body plan.