bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of the liquid form of Anaferon for children in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections
Authors: Blokhin B. M. , Shamsheva O. V. , Chernaya N. L. , Sitnikov I. G. , Lazareva S. G. , Balzerovich N. B. , Perminova O. A. , Zhiglinskaya O. V. , Koshavtseva M. Yu. 
Published: September 2019

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are major causes of morbidity in children. Symptomatic treatment is insufficiently effective and requires additional drugs with etiotropic action. This multi-center double blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical study with superiority model design considers a liquid formulation of Anaferon for children.Methods. The study included 142 children from 1 month to 3 years 11 month 29 days old with ARI of the upper respiratory tract. They were randomized into Anaferon for children and Placebo groups (71 in each group) via interactive voice randomization system. The treatment period was 5 days, observation period – 14 days. The average duration of the symptoms and the severity of the respiratory disease were used as primary efficacy endpoints.Results. All 142 patients were randomized and included into ITT (Intention to treat) analysis. 140 patients (70 patients in each group) were included into PP-analysis. The patients in the Anaferon for children group had better results with average duration of ARI as compared to the Placebo group (87.7±31.5h vs. 103.3±19.4h; p =0.007). The authors marked efficacy of Anaferon for children in such parameters as disease severity (ITT-analysis: p=0.0004), total severity of disease symptoms (ITT-analysis: ANOVA: “Group” factor p=0.0004; “Day” factor p<0.0001), and percentage of recovered patients (Log-rank test, p=0.035). There were no discrepancies between the groups in concomitant therapy (ITT-analysis: ANOVA “Group-Day” factor p=0.88), bacterial complications frequency (p=1.0), adverse effects (Fisher criteria: p=0.5321). The authors registered 14 cases of adverse events (10 cases in Anaferon group and 4 cases in Placebo group) in 11 patients. None of the adverse events had a certain or probable relation to the studied drug.Conclusion. Anaferon for children proved their efficiency and safety in young children with ARI.
Intestinal mucosal lymphocytes in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Khaertynov Kh. S. , Anokhin V. A. , Burganova G. R. , Pevnev G. O. , Mavlikeev M. O. , Kiyasov A. P. , Nizamutdinov E. Z. , Lubin S. A. , Satrutdinov M. A. , Pchenitchnyi P. V. 
Published: September 2019

We studied the autopsy material obtained from 7 children who died in the neonatal period in order to evaluate the composition of lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa against the background of morphological changes in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns with sepsis. The main group consisted of 4 children with neonatal sepsis, the control group – of 3 newborns who died from other causes. The research material included the specimen of the small and large intestine.Results. Small intestine: it was found that there were less CD4 + lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa in the group of children who died from neonatal sepsis in 75% of cases than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1). There were no differences in the number of CD8 + and CD20 + cells in the studied groups. Large intestine: the number of CD4 + lymphocytes of the mucous membrane of the colon was greater in the main group of children than in the control group (p=0.03). An increase in the number of CD4 + cells was registered in 3 of 4 cases of neonatal sepsis. The number of CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes in the studied groups was the same (р>0.05).Conclusion. The increase in T-lymphocytes CD4+ in the mucous membrane of the large intestine is probably connected with the antigenic stimulation of opportunistic intestinal bacteria. We found no morphological signs of the suppression of the cells of adaptive immunity associated with the intestinal mucosa.
Clinical and diagnostic features of pertussis in older children
Authors: Popova O. P. , Mazankova L. N. , Skirda T. A. , Bunin S. V. , Vlasov E. V. 
Published: September 2019

В статье представлен анализ клинико-диагностических особенностей коклюша у детей старшего возраста. Удельный вес данной возрастной группы среди госпитализированных составлял 11,3±2,7–13,3±2,7% с преобладанием привитых против этой инфекции больных. У 93,6±3,6% пациентов заболевание протекало в среднетяжелой форме с типичным симптомокомплексом. Для верификации клинического диагноза был использован метод полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) и серологический метод – иммуноферментный анализ (ИФА). Эффективность метода ПЦР составляла 87,8%. Особая диагностическая ценность метода ИФА определялась возможностью подтвердить диагноз коклюша у привитых детей и в поздние сроки болезни, что ранее представляло большие трудности. Основным серологическим критерием служило выявление ассоциации высокого уровня продукции иммуноглобулинов IgG и IgA.
Evaluation of groundwater recharge by rice and crop rotation fields in Kumamoto, Japan
Authors: Hama Takehide , Fujimi Toshio , Shima Takeo , Ishida Kei , Kawagoshi Yasunori , Ito Hiroaki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In Kumamoto, Japan, about one million people depend for all their water on groundwater resources. Paddy fields and rice farming in the middle river watershed area make a large contribution to the groundwater recharge. In our research, an environmental measure (artificial flooding for groundwater recharge) conducted by local governments is evaluated. Hydrological measurement was conducted in a paddy plot in the area. A simple model of water distribution was developed on the basis of the field measurement. Then, drought risk in the paddy-field district was estimated using the model and GIS data. The results reveal that the fields with a high percolation rate of more than 30 mm/d result in inefficient use of irrigation water although they have large potential for groundwater recharge. In addition, the water distribution model suggests that environmental measures can increase the risk of water shortage in the paddy-field district due to the farmers' careless use of water.
The Use of Virtual and Immersive Technology in Creating Personalized Multisensory Spaces for People Living With Dementia (SENSE-GARDEN): Protocol for a Multisite Before-After Trial
Authors: Goodall Gemma , Ciobanu Ileana , Taraldsen Kristin , Sørgaard Jon , Marin Andreea , Draghici Rozeta , Zamfir Mihai-Viorel , Berteanu Mihai , Maetzler Walter , Serrano J Artur 
Published: September 2019

Background
The number of people living with dementia is rapidly increasing. With dementia’s impact on memory, communication, and self-identity, it is important to identify ways of meeting individual needs of diagnosed individuals and their caregivers. This study will test a new intervention, SENSE-GARDEN, that integrates autobiographical music, films, pictures, and scents with innovative technology to create an immersive environment tailored specifically for the individual.

Objective
The SENSE-GARDEN study is an Active Assisted Living Program–funded multicenter project. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether a personalized, innovative technology-based intervention can improve the well-being of older adults living with moderate to severe dementia. The study will also assess whether the intervention can improve coping and reduce burden in caregivers.

Methods
A controlled before-after study design will be used. There will be 3 sites in 3 trial countries: Belgium, Norway, and Portugal. A total of 55 people with dementia (PWDs) will be recruited. All eligible participants for the study will be randomized into the intervention or control group. For the first three months of the study, all participants will receive the SENSE-GARDEN intervention. For the final month of the study, the intervention group will continue visits to the SENSE-GARDEN, and the control group will discontinue visits. A mixed-methods approach will be used, including the use of standardized outcome measures, quantitative physiological data, and qualitative interview data.

Results
The trials commenced recruitment in August 2019, and all data are expected to be collected by the end of May 2020. A user-centered design process is underway, with results from the first phase of user interviews indicating that people with mild cognitive impairment, family caregivers, and professional caregivers consider the SENSE-GARDEN to be a potentially valuable tool in providing numerous benefits to dementia care. Feasibility testing of the SENSE-GARDEN has been completed and results are expected to be published in October 2019.

Conclusions
Findings from the SENSE-GARDEN trials will provide insights into the use of technology for personalizing interventions to the PWD. This will have potential implications on not only dementia research, but it may also have influences on care practice.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/14096
Rationality of Fixed Dose Combinations of Central Nervous System Drugs in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Anilasree B.P , Anuroopa K.P , Arun Jyothi S , Basila T. , Saji Swathi 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To analyze the rationality of central nervous system fixed dose combinations used in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: The study was an hospital based observational study. The data was collected from an annual drug compendium entitled “Hospital Drug List”. Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) enlisted in central nervous system (CNS) sections were selected for the study purpose. The active pharmacological ingredients (APIs) in FDC was checked for approval by Drug Control General of India (DCGI), World Health Organization (WHO) and essential medicine (EML)/national essential medicine list (NEML),both or none and all the ingredients (molecule, excipients) present in the FDC was checked whether banned or under any controversies in India as well as worldwide. Efficacy and safety of the individual active pharmacological ingredients (APIs) and their combination were searched. Details of each drug were collected [Generic name, Pharmacokinetics, Interaction affected, Pharmacodynamics, and Advantages of FDCs]. The data collected was analyzed by a tool to assess the rationality of fixed dose combinations which is pre-tested and validated by Shah et al., based on WHO guidelines. Result and Discussion: A total of 25 CNS FDCs were taken, on assessment of CNS FDCs 21 (84%) were found to be rational and 4 (16%) were found to be irrational with the mean rationality score of 7.2. By winding up, state of nonbeing, absenteeism of legality and effectiveness of the formulations appeared in to a peculiar combinations and inadequate practice. The approval process of these combinations by various committees should be robust.
Keywords: Rationality; Fixed Dose Combinations; CNS Drugs; Safety and Efficacy.
Establishment of Standardization Parameters for Herbal Formulation, Swarasa Bhvit Amalaka Churnam
Authors: Dixit Vihangesh Kumar , Irchhaiya Raghuveer , Singh Nandlal , Gupta Rishikesh 
Published: September 2019

Herbal formulations are very useful for human health because of their natural and simple processing. A quality herbal formulation must pass the test for their characteristic properties. Inspite of the large number of Ayurvedic formulations are available in the market, standards of their quality are yet to be laid. Amlaka churnam or amalaki rasayanam is a swarasa bhavita, important herbal formulation used for treatment related to immunity systems of human body. In addition to this it is also used for nurturing of skin, heart, eye and stomach. The main ingredient of amalaka churnam is amla (Embalica officinalis) family Euphorbiaceae. Though amalaka churnam is described in many classical Ayurvedic granthas, but there are minor differences in their formulations. Also marketed formulations of amalaki rasayanam by manufacturers do not have description about its standardization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop standard parameters for establishment of quality of the formulation. In this work, a standardization of herbal formulations of amalaka churnam is reported in terms of organoleptic evaluation of ingredients with rasayana formulation, loss of drying analysis, foreign matter, phytochemical screening, pH estimation, evaluation of ash value, extractive value and rheological evaluation.
Keywords: Bhvit, amalaka Churnam, Organoleptic, rheological etc.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL TABLET USING LIQUISOLID TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Rao Dr. Monica , Zope Abhishek 
Published: September 2019

Liquisolid technology is very effective technique for improving the solubility and dissolution properties of poorly water soluble drug formulations like Clotrimazole. Clotrimazole is a BCS Class II, antifungal drug used for treatment for Vaginal Candidiasis. In this liquisolid technique the drug soluble in non volatile solvents and then it converted into free flowing, non adherent powder, which can be compressed into tablet. Here N-methyle-2-pyrrolidone and propylene glycol is used in the ratio of 1:1 as a solvent. Neusilin US2 and Aerosil 200 used as Coating and Carrier material respectively. For mucoadhesion on vaginal wall Sodium carboxymethyle cellulose used as a mucoadhesive agent. Mucoadhesive tablets were prepared using direct compression technique. Magnesium Stearate used as a glidant. Mucoadhesive liquisolid tablets were evaluated as precompression evalutions and post compression evaluations. Future tablets were evaluated as In vitro and Ex vivo evaluations. The optimized batch showed that In vitro release in simulated vaginal fluid pH 4.5 in 6 hr was 99%. Ex vivo diffusion studies of optimized batch showed 80% of drug diffusion in 6 hr. Mucoadhesive strength showed high mucoadhesion of optimized batch that is 36 gm. From this study it was concluded that liquisolid technology is an effective technique to improve solubility and dissolution properties of poorly water soluble drug formulations like Clotrimazole.
A Study on Removal of Heavy Metal Chromium from Aqueous Chromium Solution Using Ipomoea carnea Root as Biosorbent
Authors: Krishnaveni S. , Thirumurugan V. 
Published: September 2019

Pollution is the main problem due to heavy metal discharges from industries . In this study Ipomoea carnea (Family:Convolvulaceae) is selected to remove the heavy metal chromium from aqueous chromium solution using biosorbent . The present work focuses to evaluate the effectiveness of low cost absorbent Ipomoea carnea root powder. Various parameters like pH, biosorbent, dose, contact time and metal ion concentration are investigated using batch studies. A kinetic model study and isotherm model fitting study are studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Thermodyamic parameters ∆G, ∆H and ∆S are also seen. The results reveal that it follows pseudo first order kinetic model and also fit in the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results are very much encouraging. So, it can be used as low cost biosorbent in controlling the pollution.
Keywords: Pollution, Heavy metal, chromium, Ipomoea carnea, Batch adsorption study, Kinetics Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and Thermodynamic study.
Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Baricitinib
Authors: Gandhi Santosh Vilaschand , Kapoor Barkha Govindlal 
Published: September 2019

A simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method for the analysis of Baricitinib in pure form and in its dosage form has been developed. Baricitinib is a synthetic antineoplastic and immunomodulating drug. Baricitinib is a selective and reversible Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and 2 (JAK2) inhibitor. Janus kinases belong to the tyrosine protein kinase family and play an important role in the proinflammatory pathway signalling that is frequently over-activated in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Developed method obeyed beer’s law in a concentration range of 10-60 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.993. Quantification was carried out at 250 nm. Percentage assay of Baricitinib was found to be close to 100 %. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method.
Simultaneous Estimation of Racecadotril and Ofloxacin by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms.
Authors: Gupta Komal , Sharma Deepika , Chawla Pooja 
Published: September 2019

Background: Racecadotril and Ofloxacin (RACIGYL- O) drug combination are used for the treatment of diarrhea. The drugs have been estimated individually in formulations but no method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of these two drugs as combination.
Objective: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of Racecadotril and Ofloxacin in tablet dosage form.
Method: A WATERS C18 column (250 x 4.6mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and water 40:40:20v/v (pH adjusted to 2.7 of water with ortho phosphoric acid). The flow rate was 1.0mL/min and effluents were monitored at 210nm.
Results: The retention time of RAC and OFL was 4.666 min and 2.551 min respectively. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ).
Conclusion: The method show good reproducibility and recovery with %RSD less than 2. So the proposed method was found to be simple, rapid, precise and accurate and useful for the determination of RAC and OFL in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Keywords: RP-HPLC, Racecadotril, Ofloxacin, ICH guidelines.
In-vitro Gastric acid percent neutralizing potential of household remedies verses marketed antacid preparation: A case report
Authors: KHANDARE BALU , Kshirsagar Sandip , Bhujbal Nikhil 
Published: September 2019

Gastric acidity is a very common condition among the peoples of developing and developed countries. Increased gastric pH is associated with gastric ulceration, Bleeding ulcers, GERD, heartburn, discomfort, nausea and vomiting. The instant and quick relief from acidity can be obtained by oral administration of antacids. Current study was carried out to determine the acid neutralizing effect of household remedies like cold milk, Baking soda, Baking soda + citric acid in water verses marked preparations like Effervescent granules (ENO, Digene) and liquid antacid Gelusil (5ml and 10ml). Gastric simulation fluid of pH1.2 was prepared and pH was recorded before and after addition of marketed antacid/ household remedies. Observations were recorded in multiple of three for 0 min to 60 min. percent acid neutralization were calculated for each marketed/ household preparation. Results advocate that baking soda in water and Gelusil 10ml shows significant percent acid neutralization 444.35% and 428.57% respectively. The effect of acid neutralization of baking soda in water was instant and remained same whereas Gelusil 10ml showed progressive acid neutralization over a period of time. Effervescent granules ENO and Digene showed 322.58303.14% acid neutralization respectively. Milk 259.67% Gelusil188.28% and Baking soda + citric acidin Water421.25% showed acid neutralization. From results it can be concluded that household remedies are also significantly effective to control the acidity.
Keywords: Antacid, Effervescent granules, Milk, Baking soda. % acid neutralization.
Presence of phytochemicals in fruits and leaves of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) for cancer prevention: A mini review
Authors: Biswas Sudipta , Talukdar Partha , Talapatra Dr. Soumendra Nath 
Published: September 2019

The present review deals with the bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) in the fruits and leaves of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.). In the present study, an attempt was done to survey of literatures for exact solvent extraction to know exact phytocompound and characterization by using instruments along with anticancer properties of these phytochemicals present in fruits and leaves of guava. The compilation of available literatures of last 10 years can be suitable ready references for future experimental study as in vitro and in vivo as well as new drug design as phytomedicines for cancer therapy.
Keywords: Bioactive compounds, Psidium guajava, Guava fruits and leaves, Cancer therapy, Phytomedicines
Zanjabeel (Zingiber offcinale) Transformation of Culinary Spice to a multi-functional Medicine
Authors: Bashir Fouzia , Afrin Zeba 
Published: September 2019

The various traditional systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha use several plant species to treat different ailments. The Unani (Greco-Arab) system of medicine has been practiced since ancient times for the treatment of range of diseases. Traditional medicine usually takes a “holistic” approach where the physical, spiritual (which includes mental), and most often social well-being of an individual are treated. Thus, the medicinal value of an herbal product may be intimately related to its nutritional and psychological aspects. It is estimated that between 70% and 95% of citizens in a majority of developing countries use traditional medicine for the management of health and as primary health care to address their health-care needs and concerns. Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Zanjabeel (Zingiber officinale) is a very famous herbal drug which is widely used in world as spice as well as drug in traditional medicine. This article aims at reviewing the Zanjabeel on the basis of description in Unani system of medicine, its Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses and to discuss scientific studies.
Keywords: Zanjabeel, Unani, Pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses.
Therapeutic Potential of Widely Used Unani Drug Asl-Us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.): A Systematic Review
Authors: Ishtiyaq Ahmad , ALAM ABRAR , Siddiqui Javed Inam , Kazmi Munawwar Husain 
Published: September 2019

Plants have been one of the important sources of therapeutics or other human health benefits since the beginning of human civilization throughout history. Currently, there is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbs, as a medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. Traditional system of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha etc. contributed in Health care dealing worldwide. The Unani system of medicine (USM) is an age old system of medicine which has a holistic approach to treat various kind of disease; most of the time the drugs mentioned in this system has tremendous effects in chronic disease.
Asl-Us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), is a widely used herb in USM. Although the review articles on this plant are already published, this review article is presented to comply all the updated information on its therapeutic potency based on phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities and the potency which is described by renowned Unani physicians and scholars. The evidence based studies provides strengthen to the concept of Unani physicians as the Unani physician used and recommended the drug since along. Moreover the evidence based studies indicate that Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, antispasmodic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, antimycobacterial activity, antiinflammatory and anti-hyper glycemic properties. Various other effects like antiulcer, antiviral, antihepatotoxic, antifungal and herpes simplex have also been studies. These results are very encouraging and indicate that this Unani drug can be studies more extensively with a well-planned and systematic scientific preclinical and clinical approach to explore the promising outcome. Further this review gives an account of the current knowledge on the morphological characters, microscopic characters, phytochemistry, and pharmacological actions present in root of Glycyrrhiza glabra along with its actions and therapeutic potential in the perspective of USM.
Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, therapeutic potential, USM