bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐user quality of floral services along a gradient of margin habitats between semi‐natural grasslands and forests
Authors: Kütt Laura , Paal Taavi , Lõhmus Kertu , Rammi Ilmar‐Jürgen , Zobel Kristjan , Liira Jaan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractQuestionDo mid‐field forest fragments and margins around them compensate for the loss of floral ecosystem services provided by semi‐natural grasslands?LocationSeven habitat types in central and southeast Estonia.MethodsUsing three properties of service quality – functional Diversity, functional Intensity, and functional Stability (DIS‐system)– we addressed flower colour richness, flower size, and species richness within colour group, respectively. We also considered the human and pollinator perspective, and the seasonal dynamics of flowering.ResultsClosed‐canopy edges of forests and forest core areas contrasted to semi‐natural grasslands and grassland surrogates in some indicators of species composition, such as proportion of forbs, but less unequivocally in more specific indicators of service quality. Habitats ranked quite similarly from both a human and pollinator perspective, except the human perspective overstated the compositional and service quality of all open habitats. From a human perspective, forest service quality was downgraded in all three service provision properties in comparison to other habitats, while pollinators would see the strong contrast of forests only in flower size (functional intensity). Only south‐exposed close‐canopy edges and particularly outer grassy edges of forests somewhat resembled the quality of grassland surrogates for both user groups.ConclusionsThe ecosystem service provision quality of a habitat should be evaluated using a set of functional indicators, considering user group specific perception and phenology. Small mid‐field forests only partly substitute for the floral‐based services provided by grasslands, but their role can be improved by selectively opening up the overstorey at forest margins and expanding outer forest margin grasslands.
Altered attentional control linked to catastrophizing in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Henrich Julia F. , Martin Maryanne 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesOur study aimed to investigate differences in attentional control between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy participants and to examine the link between attentional control and IBS catastrophizing. Previous research has shown that patients with chronic functional illnesses have lower levels of attentional control. However, no previous study has found altered attentional control in patients with IBS or directly investigated the link between attentional control and catastrophizing. We also aimed to establish whether anxiety is associated with attentional functions in patients with IBS.Design and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we compared 41 IBS patients with 39 healthy‐matched control participants on attentional functions using an attention network task. IBS catastrophizing (Gastrointestinal Cognitions), IBS symptom severity (GSRS‐IBS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DASS‐21), and Visceral Anxiety Sensitivity were assessed using self‐report measures.ResultsPatients with IBS had lower attentional control compared to healthy participants, t (78) = −2.75, p = .007, d = .62. Groups did not differ in alerting or orienting attention. IBS patients with lower attentional control scored higher on IBS catastrophizing than those with higher attention control, t (38.59) = 2.19, p = .032, d = .66. Anxiety was related to orienting attention in the IBS group (ρ = .38, p = .015).ConclusionsPatients with IBS displayed reduced attentional control. Crucially, those patients with lower attentional control also had more catastrophizing thoughts than patients with better attentional control. These findings suggest that improving attentional control could be a valid target for psychological interventions for IBS.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

It has been hypothesised that psychological processes play a role in the maintenance of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and altered levels of attentional control have been found in patients with other functional illnesses but not yet in patients with IBS. Pain catastrophizing, a maladaptive thinking pattern, has been linked with IBS symptom severity, and previous research has shown an association between attentional control and intrusive thoughts. Whether there is an association between catastrophizing thoughts and attentional control in patients with IBS is unknown.

What does this study add?

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome show reduced levels of attentional control.

IBS patients with lower levels of attentional control have more catastrophizing thoughts.

Therapies emphasizing attentional control training may help reduce catastrophizing.
Resolvin D1 attenuates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury through modulating thioredoxin 2‐mediated mitochondrial quality control
Authors: Kang Jung‐Woo , Choi Hyo‐Sun , Lee Sun‐Mee 
Published: March 2018

Background and PurposeLiver ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is a sterile inflammatory response involving production of ROS. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained by mitochondrial quality control (QC). Thioredoxin (TRX) 2 is a key mitochondrial redox‐sensitive protein. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediator, exerts anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated mechanisms of RvD1 protection against IR‐induced oxidative damage to the liver, focusing on TRX2‐mediated mitochondrial QC.Experimental ApproachMice underwent partial warm IR. RvD1 was administered 1 h before ischaemia and immediately prior to reperfusion. Human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation and transfected with TRX2 siRNA. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and enzyme assays were used to follow changes in mitochondrial structure and function.Key ResultsRvD1 attenuated hepatocellular damage following IR, assessed by serum aminotransferase activities and histology. RvD1 reduced mitochondrial swelling, lipid peroxidation and glutamate dehydrogenase release. Impaired activities of mitochondrial complexes I and III were restored by RvD1. RvD1 enhanced expression of the mitophagy‐related protein, Parkin and inhibited accumulation of PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1. RvD1 restored levels of mitochondrial biogenesis proteins including PPARγ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A and mtDNA level. RvD1 attenuated the increase in levels of the mitochondrial fission‐related protein, dynamin‐related protein 1. IR reduced TRX2 levels while increasing TRX2 association with TRX‐interacting protein. RvD1 attenuated these changes. The regulatory effects of RvD1 on mitochondrial QC were abolished by TRX2 knockdown.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe suggest that RvD1 ameliorated IR‐induced hepatocellular damage by regulating TRX2‐mediated mitochondrial QC.
Chicken or egg? Outcomes of experimental manipulations of maternally transmitted hormones depend on administration method – a meta‐analysis
Authors: Podmokła Edyta , Drobniak Szymon M. , Rutkowska Joanna 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTSteroid hormones are important mediators of prenatal maternal effects in animals. Despite a growing number of studies involving experimental manipulation of these hormones, little is known about the impact of methodological differences among experiments on the final results expressed as offspring traits. Using a meta‐analytical approach and a representative sample of experimental studies performed on birds, we tested the effect of two types of direct hormonal manipulations: manipulation of females (either by implantation of hormone pellets or injection of hormonal solutions) and manipulation of eggs by injection. In both types of manipulation we looked at the effects of two groups of hormones: corticosterone and androgens in the form of testosterone and androstenedione. We found that the average effect on offspring traits differed between the manipulation types, with a well‐supported positive effect of egg manipulation and lack of a significant effect of maternal manipulation. The observed average positive effect for egg manipulation was driven mainly by androgen manipulations, while corticosterone manipulations exerted no overall effect, regardless of manipulation type. Detailed analyses revealed effects of varying size and direction depending on the specific offspring traits; e.g., egg manipulation positively affected physiology and behaviour (androgens), and negatively affected future reproduction (corticosterone). Effect size was negatively related to the dose of androgen injected into the eggs, but unrelated to timing of manipulation, offspring developmental stage at the time of measuring their traits, solvent type, the site of egg injection and maternal hormone delivery method. Despite the generally acknowledged importance of maternal hormones for offspring development in birds, the overall effect of their experimental elevation is rather weak, significantly heterogeneous and dependent on the hormone and type of manipulation. We conclude by providing general recommendations as to how hormonal manipulations should be performed in order to standardize their impact and the results achieved. We also emphasize the need for research on free‐living birds with a focus on fitness‐related and other long‐term effects of maternal hormones.
The direct and indirect effect of attachment insecurity and negative parental behavior on anxiety in clinically anxious children: it's down to dad
Authors: Breinholst Sonja , Tolstrup Marie , Esbjørn Barbara Hoff 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundTheoretically, insecure attachment and negative parental behaviors are risk factors for childhood anxiety. However, few empirical studies have examined their relative contribution including differences between mothers and fathers. To date, only one study has examined a mediational model including these factors, albeit in a nonclinical sample.MethodThis study ameliorates this limitation by investigating direct and indirect relations between maternal and paternal attachment and behaviors, and clinical anxiety in children (mean age 9.6 years). The study recruited 54 families. Anxiety symptoms were measured by the Spielberger State‐trait Inventory for Children, attachment relationships by the Security Scale, and parental behaviors using the Rearing Behavior Questionnaire.ResultsNeither insecure attachment relationship with mother nor maternal negative behavior was a significant predictor of anxiety in children. However, insecure attachment to father accounted for a significant proportion of variance in anxiety, and also fully mediated the relationship between paternal rejection and anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of assessing the relative contribution of risk factors and the importance of including fathers when investigating the development and maintenance of childhood anxiety.
The development and testing of PSYCHLOPS Kids: a new child‐centred outcome measure
Authors: Godfrey Emma , Aubrey Molly , Crockford Susan , Haythorne Deborah , Kordowicz Maria , Ashworth Mark 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThere are currently no client generated measures able to capture a child's perspective of the value of generic therapeutic mental health interventions. We have developed a new measure called ‘PSYCHLOPS Kids’. It measures areas of individual importance to the respondent and contains both quantitative and qualitative elements. We aimed to pilot this new outcome measure and determine its psychometric properties.MethodsPSYCHLOPS Kids was adapted from the adult PSYCHLOPS questionnaire, a validated and reliable client‐generated measure used in primary care mental health. Development of PSYCHLOPS Kids involved an expert group, pilot testing with dramatherapists followed by psychometric testing with children receiving dramatherapy aged 7–13 years.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐two children completed pre‐ and postintervention questionnaires. Mean initial PSYCHLOPS Kids scores (scale of 0–12) were 4.98 (SD: 3.42); mean post‐therapy, 3.24 (SD: 3.03); mean effect size of change, 0.51. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used as a comparator instrument completed by parent/carers of 32 children; mean effect size, 0.39. The effect size difference between both instruments was not significant (t = 1.05; p = .30); the PSYCHLOPS Kids Problem domain effect size (mean, 0.68) was significantly greater than for the SDQ (t = 2.06; p = .04). Concurrent validity was demonstrated by strong predictive power of change scores for the self‐assessment of change item in PSYCHLOPS Kids; therapist‐assessment of change was not a significant predictor of change scores. PSYCHLOPS Kids and SDQ change scores were not significantly correlated.ConclusionsPSYCHLOPS Kids is the first client generated mental health outcome measure focussing on problems for generic use in children. It has demonstrated moderate responsiveness to change and satisfactory testing for measured aspects of validity and reliability. PSYCHLOPS Kids now requires further validity, reliability and qualitative testing.
New bone formation after transcrestal sinus floor elevation was influenced by sinus cavity dimensions: A prospective histologic and histomorphometric study
Authors: Stacchi Claudio , Lombardi Teresa , Ottonelli Roberto , Berton Federico , Perinetti Giuseppe , Traini Tonino 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this multicenter prospective study was to analyze clinically and histologically the influence of sinus cavity dimensions on new bone formation after transcrestal sinus floor elevation (tSFE).Material and MethodsPatients needing maxillary sinus augmentation (residual crest height <5 mm) were treated with tSFE using xenogeneic granules. Six months later, bone‐core biopsies were retrieved for histological analysis in implant insertion sites. Bucco‐palatal sinus width (SW) and contact between graft and bone walls (WGC) were evaluated on cone beam computed tomography, and correlations between histomorphometric and anatomical parameters were quantified by means of forward multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsFifty consecutive patients were enrolled and underwent tSFE procedures, and forty‐four were included in the final analysis. Mean percentage of newly formed bone (NFB) at 6 months was 21.2 ± 16.9%. Multivariate analysis showed a strong negative correlation between SW and NFB (R2 = .793) and a strong positive correlation between WGC and NFB (R2 = .781). Furthermore, when SW was stratified into three groups (<12 mm, 12 to 15 mm, and >15 mm), NFB percentages (36%, 13% and 3%, respectively) resulted significantly different.ConclusionsThis study represented the first confirmation based on histomorphometric data that NFB after tSFE was strongly influenced by sinus width and occurred consistently only in narrow sinus cavities (SW <12 mm, measured between buccal and palatal walls at 10‐mm level, comprising the residual alveolar crest).
One anastomosis gastric bypass versus Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Magouliotis D. E. , Tasiopoulou V. S. , Tzovaras G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe aim to review the available literature on morbidly obese patients treated with one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in order to compare the clinical outcomes of the two methods. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library and Scopus, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria (7452 patients). OAGB was associated with shorter mean operative time. The length of hospital stay was comparable between the two procedures. The incidence of leaks, marginal ulcer, dumping, bowel obstruction, revisions and mortality was similar between the two approaches. The incidence of malnutrition was increased in patients treated with OAGB, while the incidence of internal hernia and bowel obstruction was greater in the RYGB group. In addition, the percentage excess weight loss at 1, 2 and 5 years post‐operatively was greater for the OAGB group. The rate of type 2 diabetes remission was greater in the OAGB group. The rate of hypertension and dyslipidemia remission was also similar between OAGB and RYGB. Randomized controlled trials, comparing RYGB to OAGB, are necessary to further assess their clinical outcomes.
Comparison of reactivity to a metallic disc and 2% aluminium salt in 366 children, and reproducibility over time for 241 young adults with childhood vaccine‐related aluminium contact allergy
Authors: Gente Lidholm Anette , Inerot Annica , Gillstedt Martin , Bergfors Elisabet , Trollfors Birger 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAn aluminium hydroxide‐adsorbed pertussis toxoid vaccine was studied in 76 000 children in the 1990s in Gothenburg, Sweden. Long‐lasting itchy subcutaneous nodules at the vaccination site were seen in 745 participants. Of 495 children with itchy nodules who were patch tested for aluminium allergy, 377 were positive. In 2007‐2008, 241 of the positive children were retested. Only in one third were earlier positive results reproduced.ObjectivesTo further describe patch test reactions to different aluminium compounds in children with vaccine‐induced aluminium allergy.Patients/MethodsPositive patch test results for metallic aluminium (empty Finn Chamber) and aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% petrolatum (pet.) were analysed in 366 children with vaccine‐induced persistent itching nodules tested in 1998‐2002. Of those, 241 were tested a second time (2007‐2008), and the patch test results of the two aluminium preparations were analysed.ResultsPatch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is a more sensitive way to diagnose aluminium contact allergy than patch testing with metallic aluminium. A general decrease in the strength of reactions to both aluminium preparations in 241 children tested twice was observed.ConclusionsAluminium contact allergy can be diagnosed by patch testing without using metallic aluminium.
Outcome of surgery for recurrent anal cancer: results from a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Bignell M. , Chave H. , Branagan G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimChemoradiotherapy remains the first line of treatment for anal cancer with surgery reserved for cancer recurrence or persistence. The low incidence of anal cancer means that the numbers undergoing surgery is small with centralization for excision to regional cancer centres. We present our experience of abdominal perineal excision, with reconstruction of the perineal defect (APERR), within a tertiary centre.MethodOver a 15‐year period, data were collected retrospectively from notes of patients who underwent an APERR. The aim was to look at disease‐free and overall survival and complications associated with flap reconstruction.ResultsIn the study period, 29 patients [median age = 62 (range: 42–81; interquartile range: 54–68) years] underwent APERR. Median follow‐up was 77 (4–200) months. Thirteen patients died during follow‐up; eight from their disease, with a median survival time of 16 (4–63) months. Five‐year survival was 67%. Nine (31%) patients had recurrence during the follow up period; this was local (n = 2), regional (n = 4), distant (n = 2) or a combination (n = 1). Sixteen (55%) patients developed 24 complications, including nine (31%) flap complications and 10 (34%) parastomal hernias. Flap complications were flap failure (n = 1) requiring direct closure, flap dehiscence (n = 2), necrosis of flap tip (n = 1), wound infection (n = 4) and a bulky flap (n = 1) requiring liposuction.ConclusionAPERR of anal cancer is a feasible technique with excellent oncological treatment and acceptable long‐term complications, although a higher than expected rate of parastomal hernia was noted.
What to do with the rectal stump during sphincter preserving rectal cancer resection with end colostomy: a collaborative snapshot study
Authors: Westerduin E. , Aukema T. S. , van Geloven A. A. W. , Bemelman W. A. , Tanis P. J. ,   the Dutch Snapshot Research Group
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimLow Hartmann's resection (LHR) and intersphincteric abdominoperineal excision (iAPR) are both feasible options in the treatment of rectal cancer when restoration of bowel continuity is not desired. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of pelvic abscess and associated need for re‐intervention and readmission after LHR and iAPR.MethodFrom a snapshot research project in which all rectal cancer resections from 71 Dutch hospitals in 2011 were evaluated, patients who underwent LHR or iAPR were selected.ResultsA total of 185 patients were included: 139 LHR and 46 iAPR. No differences in baseline characteristics were found except for more multivisceral resections in the iAPR group (22% vs 10%; P = 0.041). Pelvic abscesses were diagnosed in 17% of the LHR group after a median of 21 days (interquartile range 10–151 days), compared to 11% in the iAPR group (P = 0.352) after a median of 90 days (interquartile range 44–269 days; P = 0.102). All 28 patients with a pelvic abscess underwent at least one re‐intervention. Four patients (9%) in the iAPR group and nine (7%) after LHR were readmitted because of a pelvic abscess over a median 39 months of follow‐up.ConclusionThis cross‐sectional multicentre study suggests that cross‐stapling and intersphincteric resection of the rectal stump, during non‐restorative rectal cancer resection, are associated with an equal risk of pelvic abscess formation and have a similar need for re‐intervention and readmission.
A values‐driven self‐organization mechanism for automating multiagent coordination
Authors: Jiao Wenpin , Sun Yanchun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn distributed and open environments, MASs (multiagent systems) generally have no mechanisms for prior coordination and self‐organization has been believed to be the necessary selection to achieve the coordination of agents. This paper first presents a values‐driven model for self‐organization in which the expected emergent properties of a system are specified as the social values while the social values are realized via implicitly inducing members to regulate their individual values and adjust their behaviors to fit the expectations of the system. Based on the values‐driven self‐organization, this paper proposes an automated coordination mechanism for decentralized MASs. In this mechanism, by indirectly changing the difficulties in acquiring resources (which may be delegated to some special agents since MASs generally do not have substantial bodies), MASs can lead agents to regulate their values to be consistent with the social values of MASs so that the coordination of MASs can spontaneously emerge from the local behaviors of agents. Finally, this paper implements a simulation traffic system using the coordination mechanism based on values‐driven self‐organization to validate the emergence of coordination among multiple agents.