bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary supplemental lysophospholipids and vitamin C on performance, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, thyroid hormones and serum metabolites of broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral and high ambient temperature
Authors: Zangeneh Samira , Torki Mehran , Lotfollahian Houshang , Abdolmohammadi Alireza 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effects of dietary supplemental lysophospholipids (LPLs) and vitamin C (VC) on performance, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and thyroid hormones of broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures were evaluated. A total of 1,680 broiler chicks (Cobb 500) in finishing rearing period (days 21–38 of age) were allotted to two groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). In the TN group, 480 chicks were subjected to four treatments with four replicates (n = 30) and maintained in usual ambient temperature (24 ± 1°C). In HS group, the remaining 1,200 chicks were subjected to four treatments with 10 replicates (n = 30) and exposed to high ambient temperature (34 ± 1°C for 8 hr daily). In both groups, four iso‐caloric and iso‐nitrogenous experimental diets based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements including supplemental LPLs (0 or 1,000 mg/kg) and VC (0 or 500 mg/kg) were formulated and used. Supplemental LPLs decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and increased FCR in the TN and HS groups. In the TN group, increased (p < 0.05) serum glucose was observed in chickens fed with dietary supplemental VC. In the HS group, decreased (p < 0.05) total protein concentration was detected in birds fed with supplemental LPLs. In both TN and HS groups, decreased (p < 0.05) uric acid concentration was detected in chicks fed with the VC‐supplemented diets. A significant (p < 0.05) interaction between LPLs and VC on lactate concentration in the TN group was observed. In the HS group, decreased breast malondialdehyde concentration was detected in birds fed with the VC‐supplemented diet. In the TN group, increased serum total antioxidant status was detected in birds fed with the LPLs‐supplemented diet. In conclusion, LPLs improved oxidative stability and increased the antioxidant capacity of the serum. In addition, vitamin C modified heat stress and reduced lipid peroxidation.
Hybrid Demand‐Driven and Cyclic Timetabling Considering Rolling Stock Circulation for a Bidirectional Railway Line
Authors: Yin Yonghao , Li Dewei , Bešinović Nikola , Cao Zhichao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor dense railway lines, timetables are commonly designed periodically to provide regular services. However, such timetables may lead to many low‐occupancy departures and make it inefficient to a railway company. We combine the features of periodic timetabling with those of demand‐responsive timetabling design for a bidirectional rail transit line considering rolling stock circulation. A mixed‐integer programming model with the objective of minimizing total passenger waiting time and weighted total train travel time is formulated and a three‐phase heuristic algorithm is developed. Five performance indicators, namely, total train travel time, passenger average waiting time, event time deviation, event frequency deviation, and train connection time are introduced to evaluate the performance of the model. A case study on Jinshan railway corridor in Shanghai demonstrates that the proposed demand responsive periodic timetabling model can reduce passengers’ waiting time and keep periodicity in the meantime with short computational time
Organ donation: reducing the risk of health care‐associated infection
Authors: Bleakley Greg , Cole Mark 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTHealth care‐associated infection is a real and relative risk within the realm of organ donation. Despite detailed guidance from the Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs on the microbiological safety of human organs, tissues and cells used in transplantation, the topic has received limited exposure in the literature. This paper will give a context to the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs guidance, outline the key recommendations for mandatory/recommended screening and provide a summary of infections that may be present at the time of donation that require careful risk assessment. This does not detract from national guidelines and cannot replace expert advice but will raise awareness and complement safe and effective care delivery.
Built environment and cardio‐metabolic health: systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Chandrabose M. , Rachele J. N. , Gunn L. , Kavanagh A. , Owen N. , Turrell G. , Giles‐Corti B. , Sugiyama T. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBuilt environment attributes may be related to cardio‐metabolic diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke) and their risk factors, potentially by influencing residents' physical activity. However, existing literature reviews on the built environment and health for the most part focus on obesity as the outcome and rely on cross‐sectional studies. This systematic review synthesized current evidence on longitudinal relationships between built environment attributes and cardio‐metabolic health outcomes among adults and on the potential mediating role of physical inactivity. By searching eight databases for peer‐reviewed journal articles published in the English language between January 2000 and July 2016, the review identified 36 articles. A meta‐analysis method, weighted Z‐test, was used to quantify the strength of evidence by incorporating the methodological quality of the studies. We found strong evidence for longitudinal relationships of walkability with obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension outcomes in the expected direction. There was strong evidence for the impact of urban sprawl on obesity outcomes. The evidence on potential mediation by physical activity was inconclusive. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to examine which specific built environment attributes influence residents' cardio‐metabolic health outcomes and how physical inactivity may be involved in these relationships.
Three‐dimensional evaluation of the maxillary effects of two orthopaedic protocols for the treatment of Class III malocclusion: A prospective study
Authors: Fischer Brittany , Masucci Caterina , Ruellas Antonio , Cevidanes Lucia , Giuntini Veronica , Nieri Michele , Nardi Cosimo , Franchi Lorenzo , McNamara James A. , Defraia Efisio 
Published: September 2018

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo compare the three‐dimensional maxillary dentoskeletal effects of a modified alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction facemask protocol (Alt‐RAMEC/FM) with the traditional rapid maxillary expansion facemask protocol (RME/FM) performed in deciduous or early mixed dentition Class III patients.Setting and sample populationOrthodontic Clinic of the Section of Dentistry of the Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine of the University of Florence. Thirty‐four Class III patients were enrolled and allocated by alternating assignment to either Alt‐RAMEC/FM or RME/FM therapy.Materials and MethodsPrior to treatment, all patients were evaluated, and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was acquired. After completion of the orthopaedic therapy (average interval 1.2 years), a follow‐up CBCT scan was obtained. Anatomic landmark identification on the CBCTs and subsequent quantification of the changes were performed. The primary outcome variable was the anteroposterior displacement of the anterior nasal spine (ANS AP). The treatment groups were compared with independent samples t tests.ResultsThe patients in the two treatment groups showed a similar degree of compliance. No statistically significant differences were recorded for any variable when comparing the Alt‐RAMEC/FM and RME/FM groups. In particular, the between‐group difference for ANS AP was 0.0 mm (95%CI: −0.6;0.7, P = 0.933).ConclusionsBoth Alt‐RAMEC/FM and RME/FM produced favourable orthopaedic changes in Class III growing patients. Neither protocol was superior to the other in terms of maxillary protraction effectiveness.
Working with women in Turkey exposed to childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Mert Kader , Aksoy Sena Dilek 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveSexual abuse of children is an important public health issue. The aim of this study was to provide a multidimensional examination of women over the age of 18 who were exposed to sexual abuse in childhood and the effect of this abuse on their lives.Design and SampleThis qualitative study was conducted over the period June 2015–February 2017. Twenty‐three women were gathered by the snowball sampling method.MeasuresWe collected the data using a semi‐structured questionnaire and in‐depth interviews. Content analysis was used in the evaluation of the data.ResultsWe found five themes that participants considered to result from their sexual abuse: emotional effects, sexuality, marriage, academic, and social aspects.ConclusionSexual abuse adversely affected the physical, psychological, and social lives of individuals. Public health nurses play a role in working with women who were exposed to sexual abuse in childhood.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi change host plant DNA methylation systemically
Authors: Varga S. , Soulsbury C. D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression in plants. DNA methylation has been shown to vary among species and also among plant tissues. However, no study has evaluated whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi affect DNA methylation levels in a tissue‐specific manner.

We investigated whether symbiosis with AM fungi affects DNA methylation in the host, focusing on different plant tissues (roots versus leaves) and across time. We carried out a 6‐month pot experiment using Geranium robertianum in symbiosis with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae.

Our results show that the pattern of total DNA methylation differed between leaves and roots and was related to when plants were harvested, confirming that DNA methylation is a process that occurs dynamically throughout an organism's lifetime. More importantly, the presence of AM fungus in roots of our experimental plants had a positive effect on total DNA methylation in both tissues.

This study shows that colonisation by AM fungi can affect DNA methylation levels in their hosts and that plant DNA methylation varies in an age‐ and tissue‐specific manner.
Statistical Approach to Identify Threshold and Point of Departure in Dose–Response Data
Authors: Spassova Maria A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe study presents an integrated, rigorous statistical approach to define the likelihood of a threshold and point of departure (POD) based on dose–response data using nested family of bent‐hyperbola models. The family includes four models: the full bent‐hyperbola model, which allows for transition between two linear regiments with various levels of smoothness; a bent‐hyperbola model reduced to a spline model, where the transition is fixed to a knot; a bent‐hyperbola model with a restricted negative asymptote slope of zero, named hockey‐stick with arc (HS‐Arc); and spline model reduced further to a hockey‐stick type model (HS), where the first linear segment has a slope of zero. A likelihood‐ratio test is used to discriminate between the models and determine if the more flexible versions of the model provide better or significantly better fit than a hockey‐stick type model. The full bent‐hyperbola model can accommodate both threshold and nonthreshold behavior, can take on concave up and concave down shapes with various levels of curvature, can approximate the biochemically relevant Michaelis–Menten model, and even be reduced to a straight line. Therefore, with the use of this model, the presence or absence of a threshold may even become irrelevant and the best fit of the full bent‐hyperbola model be used to characterize the dose–response behavior and risk levels, with no need for mode of action (MOA) information. Point of departure (POD), characterized by exposure level at which some predetermined response is reached, can be defined using the full model or one of the better fitting reduced models.
Human herpesvirus 6 associated post‐transplant acute limbic encephalitis: Clinical observations of biomarkers for risk of seizure in a pediatric population
Authors: Santoro Jonathan D. , Hemond Christopher C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) is a cause of post‐transplant acute limbic encephalitis (PALE). Seizures are associated with this disorder yet no predictive biomarkers have been identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate lab and neurodiagnostic biomarkers in patients with HHV6 associated PALE.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed at our institutions

between 2000 and 2017. Patients were identified through a clinical database. Inclusion criteria included: age less than 18 years, HHV6 (quantitative real‐time PCR or meningoencephalitis panel) tested in CSF and serum. Biomarkers of serum and CSF viral load, EEG, and MRI were reviewed along with clinical data.ResultsIn total, 11 patients met inclusion criteria. All patients had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Five of 11 patients had seizures as part of their clinical course, all being controlled with antiepileptic monotherapy. Seizure semiology was focal‐onset in three cases and generalized in two. Neuroimaging was normal in all patients within seven days but six patients developed T2 signal intensities in the temporal lobes on repeat imaging between 14‐28 days. The median CSF HHV6 viral load for all patients was 47 300 copies/mL although the median viral load was 2586 copies/mL in patients who had seizure compared to 473 969 copies/mL in those who had not (P = 0.02). Those with seizures tended to be younger (median 6.5 years compared to 11 years, P = 0.27). All patients with seizures had an EEG with 80% demonstrating abnormalities.ConclusionIn patients with post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant HHV6 associated PALE, lower CSF viral load may be associated with a higher likelihood to have seizures. This may indicate a primary infection as opposed to secondary reactivation phenomenon.
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 mediates blue light signalling to the Arabidopsis circadian clock
Authors: Hajdu Anita , Dobos Orsolya , Domijan Mirela , Bálint Balázs , Nagy István , Nagy Ferenc , Kozma‐Bognár László 
Published: September 2018

SummaryCircadian clocks are gene networks producing 24‐h oscillations at the level of clock gene expression that are synchronized to environmental cycles via light signals. The ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) transcription factor is a signalling hub acting downstream of several photoreceptors and is a key mediator of photomorphogenesis. Here we describe a mechanism by which light quality could modulate the pace of the circadian clock through governing abundance of HY5. We show that hy5 mutants display remarkably shorter period rhythms in blue but not in red light or darkness, and blue light is more efficient than red to induce accumulation of HY5 at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. We demonstrate that the pattern and level of HY5 accumulation modulates its binding to specific promoter elements of the majority of clock genes, but only a few of these show altered transcription in the hy5 mutant. Mathematical modelling suggests that the direct effect of HY5 on the apparently non‐responsive clock genes could be masked by feedback from the clock gene network. We conclude that the information on the ratio of blue and red components of the white light spectrum is decoded and relayed to the circadian oscillator, at least partially, by HY5.
Completion of the canonical pathway for assembly of anticancer drugs vincristine/vinblastine in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Qu Yang , Safonova Olga , De Luca Vincenzo 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe important anticancer drugs, vinblastine, vincristine and analogs, are composed of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), catharanthine and vindoline, found uniquely in the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus. While 26 genes involved in the assembly of these two MIAs are known, two key reactions have eluded characterization to complete the documentation of the vinblastine pathway in this plant species. The assembly of these dimeric MIAs requires O‐acetylstemmadenine oxidase (ASO) and a dual function geissoschizine synthase (GS) that reduces cathenamine to form geissoschizine, and that also reduces the ASO product to form a common intermediate for subsequent conversion by four separate hydrolases to catharanthine, tabersonine or vincadifformine, respectively. The in planta role of ASO is supported by identifying a single amino acid‐substituted ASO mutant with very low enzyme activity and by virus‐induced gene silencing of ASO to produce plants that accumulate O‐acetylstemmadenine rather than catharanthine and vindoline found in wild‐type (WT) plants. The in planta role of GS is supported by showing that a low GS‐expressing mutant accumulating lower levels of catharanthine and vindoline also displays significantly lower tabersonine‐forming activity in coupled enzyme assays than in the WT background. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that both ASO and GS are highly enriched in the leaf epidermis where the pathways for catharanthine and tabersonine biosynthesis are expressed. The full elucidation of this canonical pathway enables synthetic biology approaches for manufacturing a broad range of MIAs, including these dimers used in cancer treatment.
Development of Water Tank Test Device for Deep-Water Mooring
Authors: Oishi Go , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Shimada Kiyoshi , Kayajima Kouichi 
Published: September 2018

When conducting model tests in a water tank, available model sizes and wave conditions are determined for each tank, depending on measurement accuracy and tank specifications. For deep-water mooring of a floater, a mooring extent in model scale is presumably over 10 meters in depth, making it difficult to be conducted in small-sized tanks without mooring line truncation. The purpose of the research is to develop a device, which could be used as deep-water mooring system in small-sized tanks. Although the law of geometrical similarity is compelled to quit because of the line truncation, the law of mechanical similarity can be maintained by keeping the same restoring, damping and inertia characteristics as those of the full-scale mooring system obtained by numerical simulations.
The mooring device consists of a cylinder, a piston, an orifice, springs, pulleys and weights. A spring attached to the mooring line is to generate required restoring force. The orifice, together with the piston, is to generate required damping forces. Inertia forces are generated by the motions of hanged weights, also by the motion of the fluid inside the cylinder. Even negative inertia forces can be given by adjusting natural frequencies of the weight-spring system. With all these examined elements, the mooring device works like the full-depth mooring system. Particulars of the elements of the device have been determined by numerical simulations of the floater moored in the full-depth condition. It has been confirmed that the mooring device behaves as expected in comparison with forced oscillation tests, where prescribed motions were given to the floater-side end point of the mooring line.
A tank test has been conducted of a floater with a turret multipoint-moored with the devices and has been satisfactorily compared with numerical simulations of the full-depth system. With the present research it is verified that the mooring device can well simulate actual deep-water mooring system, which makes it possible for small water tanks to deal with deep water mooring experiments.
Wave Buoy Performance in Short and Long Waves, Evaluated Using Tests on a Hexapod
Authors: van Essen Sanne , Ewans Kevin , McConochie Jason 
Published: September 2018

Offshore wave conditions can be measured using wave buoys, which are generally designed for wind waves. Longer waves (swell or bound second-order waves) are very relevant for certain maritime structures. The accuracy of the instrumentation in a typical wave buoy in long and short waves was therefore studied, and it was investigated if the buoy can be applied in longer waves.
A Waverider buoy was placed on a hexapod, which applied regular and irregular prescribed motions in multiple degrees of freedom. The hydrodynamic response of the buoy in waves and the effect of its mooring system were not evaluated; the buoy was assumed to follow the orbital motions of a wave and to rotate with its slope.
The tests showed that the buoy sensors measure accelerations and rotations with periods between 1.5 and 35 s very well. Vertical displacements derived from the accelerations by the buoy are accurate for the period range of 2 to 20 s. In longer waves, the motions are significantly underestimated, even though the accelerations are accurately measured. This will not lead to large errors in normal operation, as the energy of such long waves is generally low. This explains why the buoy also performs well when it is subjected to irregular motions (less than 2% error in the significant wave height of a half-hour measurement in realistic irregular sea states with peak periods between 5 and 20 s can be expected).
It can be concluded that the buoy accurately measures accelerations. The accuracy of the derived displacements decreases when very long swell wave energy (> 20 s) is present. Review of the internal integration procedure may be considered when there is a specific interest in measuring longer waves.
Study of Frictional Forces Between Rotating Pipe and Wellbore in Horizontal Wells: Experimental and Modeling
Authors: Wiktorski Ekaterina , Khatibi Milad , Sui Dan , Time Rune Wiggo 
Published: September 2018

Downhole torque measurements have become an inherent part of MWD (measurement while drilling) systems. It allows drilling engineers to estimate the downhole friction and detect the presence of obstructions, for instance, cuttings bed caused by insufficient cuttings transport. The latter is a big concern when drilling horizontal and extended-reach wells.
This paper describes a method of well friction analysis as a function of adjustable drilling parameters and parameters that describe moving cuttings dune. Experiments are performed in a pipe with an internal diameter of 0.04 m and 5° inclination from the horizon, which represents a wellbore. An inside rotating pipe with an outer diameter of 0.025 m simulates a drillpipe, with a possibility of rotating speed from 0 to 1000 RPM (revolutions per minute). Glass pellets are used to simulate and display cuttings behavior in the wellbore. An electric motor is used to provide rotation of the drillpipe, supplied with an encoder to measure the electric current associated with the torque. The measurements are used to calculate the torque loss over the studied pipe length. A high-speed camera installed outside the outer pipe allows capturing images of the height of the particle bed as well as the pipe eccentricity, which increases with distance from the origin (rotating mechanism) due to the pipe’s weight and inclination.
The combined effect of these factors on the kinetic friction between the outer and inner pipes is investigated in this paper. Ultimately, the friction factor is calculated by equating measured motor torque to the theoretical torque.
The main objective of the study is a development of a methodology to express the friction factor in terms of adjustable drilling parameters in an environment, complicated with the presence of moving cuttings bed and varying pipe eccentricity. This study can supplement other research that is aimed to improve understanding of the intricate phenomenon of the wellbore friction.