bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The politics of pro-worker reforms
Authors: Evans Alice 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the drivers of pro-worker reforms in Vietnam. It shows how commerce, trade deals, aid and geopolitics strengthened support for higher wages, social dialogue and freedom of association. Strikes have triggered Government concerns about regime legitimacy. Manufactures are also keen to resolve strikes and propitiate reputation-conscious buyers. Reform was further incentivized by TPP’s stipulation of Freedom of Association, together with economic and geopolitical incentives to join TPP. Donor-supported pilots have not motivated reform, but are nonetheless important: enabling reformists to explore new ideas; iteratively adapt; garner evidence of what furthers their priorities; with which they can persuade anxious colleagues. None of these forces are deterministic. They merely stimulate debate, authorize experimentation and are used by coalitions to push for reform. By tracing the politics of pro-worker reforms, this study draws attention to drivers often overlooked by donors: strikes, commerce, and trade deals.
Safe Parameters for Utilizing Magnetic Growth Rods in Patient With a Vagal Nerve Stimulator and Case Report
Authors: Law Jesua , Shahbazian Jonathan H. , Elliott Michael J. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Magnetic growing rods are being utilized more frequently in children with early-onset scoliosis. Many of these children have multiple medical problems and additional medical devices implanted that utilize similar magnetic technology, including vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) devices. There is some concern that the external remote controller (ERC) used to control the magnetic growth rod will interact with these devices during lengthening procedures. We believe there are safe parameters which allow the magnetic growth rod ERC to be utilized in patients with an implanted VNS.

Methods:
A VNS device was tested in a simulation with the magnetic growth rods ERC to determine if it would activate/inactivate the device during a lengthening procedure. This study consists of 2 simulations. Simulation 1 evaluates placing the VNS adjacent to the ERC in the same coronal plane. Simulation 2 elevates the ERC placement above the device to simulate the thickness of a torso while increasing the distance of the VNS from the ERC in the coronal plane.

Results:
The time of exposure of the VNS device to the magnetic field had no correlation with activation. Distance had an effect on device activation. In the coronal plane of the device, activation occurred 43% of the time at 0 cm, 71% at 4 cm, and 5% activation at 8 cm. Greater than 10 cm had no activation. In the sagittal plane with the ERC 8 cm above the device, activation occurred 71% at 0 cm distance, 38% at 2 cm, and no activation occurred at a distance of >4 cm.

Conclusions:
Utilization of the magnetic growth rod ERC can be carried out safely in patients with a VNS. Simulations show that an actuator implanted 4 cm from the VNS device in the coronal plane in a child with >8 cm chest wall thickness will not activate the VNS device. When choosing a rod configuration for implantation, the child’s chest wall thickness and the ERC placement should be considered.
Female Genital Mutilation Reconstruction for Plastic Surgeons—A Call to Arms
Authors: Akinbiyi Takintope , Langston Emily , Percec Ivona 
Published: November 2018

Summary:
The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is performed for historically engrained cultural beliefs with no recognized health benefits. FGM continues to be practiced secondary to motivating factors based on cultural beliefs, the majority of which aim to maintain the “purity” of the female victim. The World Health Organization has classified FGM into 4 types ranging from partial clitoral resection to complete clitoral excision along with the majority of the vulva. The list of short and long-term complications is extensive and morbid, including injury to the patient’s sexuality and feminine identity. Reconstructive surgery can be an important addition to psychotherapy for these women with the goal of correcting the appearance of the vulva to achieve a more normal appearance, and to restore clitoral function. We suggest that this represents an opportunity for plastic surgeons to use our wealth of reconstructive knowledge to provide restoration of form and function to FGM victims.
Does Delay to Theater Lead to Increased Infection Rates in Hand Trauma? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pavan Fiona , Albarki Hashm S. , Vu Joseph , Keating Cameron , Leong James C. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
In an ideal health system, traumatic wounds would be surgically managed within 24 hours; however, resource constraints result in patients with open wounds commonly waiting much longer for surgery. Does this result in increased morbidity? This study compares infection rates over time for patients who received operative management of traumatic hand injuries.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was undertaken of patients admitted between July 2014 and June 2015 who presented within 24 hours of sustaining a hand injury and subsequently underwent operative repair. Patient and injury data were collected from arrival time at emergency departments across 3 Victorian metropolitan hospitals within the same network. Admission and outpatient follow-up of these patients was reviewed for signs of infection and treatment with antibiotics.

Results:
Six hundred thirty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, 8 of the 429 patients treated within 24 hours of presentation developed an infection (1.86%) compared with 11 of the 209 patients treated after 24 hours of presentation (5.26%). Using Fisher’s exact analysis, a statistically significant association was identified (P = 0.024). An odds ratio of 2.924 was calculated, with a number needed to harm of 26. When time was analyzed as a continuous variable using logistic regression, there was no statistical significance.

Conclusion:
This study shows some evidence that a timing may be important to reduce the rates of infection and raises the possibility that there may be a double peak for infection risk at the 6-hour and 24-hour marks. This gives a basis of potential further study.
Improved anal Cytology Sampling: Tush Brush Compared With Dacron Swab
Authors: Ferris Daron G. , Darragh Teresa M. , Kavuri Sravan , Patel Nikhil , Waller Jennifer L. , Goebel Angela 
Published: November 2018

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the performance characteristics of the Tush brush (TB) compared with a saline moistened Dacron swab (DS) as anal cytology sampling devices.

Materials and Methods
TB and DS anal cytology tests were randomly collected from 146 patients presenting for anal cytology. High-resolution anoscopy and biopsies were obtained as indicated. Sensitivity and specificity as well as rates of satisfactory specimens were determined for each method using the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) and McNemar's test, respectively. Perceived discomfort of each device was determined using a visual analog scale and compared using a paired t test.

Results
The adjudicated AUCROC, sensitivity, and specificity were greater, but not significantly different, for the brush (0.63, 85.5, and 40.0, respectively) compared with the swab (0.50, 79.6, and 33.3, respectively) when the anal biopsy results were considered the criterion standard. In the 1 subject diagnosed with anal cancer, the swab cytology result was normal, but the brush result was abnormal. Specimen adequacy was 95.2% for the brush and 93.2% for the swab. Mean discomfort (visual analog scale) scores were swab 28.5 mm versus brush 35.6 mm (p = .0003) with both scores within the minimal to moderate discomfort range.

Conclusions
Anal cytology AUCROC, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting anal neoplasia were greater using the TB when compared with the DS. A novel anal cytology sampling device designed specifically to increase the detection of anal neoplasia would be clinically beneficial.
Copper-Beaten Skull Appearance as a Response of Chronically Increased Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Bogdanović Milenko , Radnić Bojana , Savić Slobodan , Popović Vesna , Durmić Tijana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present a case of 19-year-old female patient, who was injured in childhood and subsequently developed hydrocephalus, chronic elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP), and a copper-beaten skull appearance. Chronic hydrocephalus leads to an increase in intraventricular pressure, causing ventricular expansion and dislocation of adjacent cerebral structures. According to literature data, it has been hypothesized that chronically elevated ICP in persons with craniosynostosis, and other developmental structural abnormalities of the skull, may induce bone remodeling. In cases with copper-beaten skull appearance, increased ICP should be considered as a cause of death (after exclusion of all other obvious causes), and for that reason, careful examination of the skull appearance is suggested. This finding could be useful in cases with advanced postmortem changes, where it might indicate some medical conditions of the deceased or could even be considered unique feature for body identification, although this rationale should be used with great caution.
Rare Median Cleft-Lip Repair With Novel Surgical Procedures Using Bilateral Cleft Margin Flaps
Authors: Kang Songsu , Imai Keisuke , Masuoka Takeshi , Sakahara Daisuke , Kawamoto Koji , Tsumoto Jumpei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Reports of median cleft lip with nasal anomalies are few, and descriptions of concomitant surgical repair of a median cleft lip and bifid nose deformity are similarly rare. These surgical repair techniques mainly involve the use of normal neighboring structures. Reconstruction of the columella and nasal base is especially important. A new surgical procedure was examined using bilateral cleft margin flaps for patients with a rare median cleft lip. Two patients with a rare median cleft lip were indicated for the procedure. One patient was 3 months old at surgery, and the other patient was 6 months old. These patients underwent single-stage reconstruction of the lip and nose. The new surgical procedure is characterized by the reconstruction of the columella, which involves creating a supportive structure using a cleft margin flap; subsequently, an anterior covering is created using a hinge flap from the nasal tip. Upper lip formation is performed by repair of the orbicularis oris muscle and rotation advancement of a cutaneous and mucosal flap from the lateral segments. The postoperative follow-up period was 4 to 5 years. The postoperative appearance was satisfactory in both patients. Furthermore, no significant complications were observed postoperatively. In conclusion, the surgical procedure with bilateral cleft margin flaps described in this report allows for successful reconstruction of a median cleft lip. This procedure is effectively tissue saving and results in satisfactory outcomes, which are maintained over a long term.
Using an Immersive Virtual Reality System to Assess Lay Provider Response to an Unannounced Simulated Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Out-of-Hospital Setting
Authors: Leary Marion , Almodovar Alfredo , Buckler David G. , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Blewer Audrey L. , Abella Benjamin S. 
Published: November 2018

Background
A sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) occurs when the heart abruptly stops beating; because of the nature of SCA, capturing data in the out-of-hospital setting from actual bystander response is difficult. Current technologies such as virtual reality (VR) allow the creation of scenarios programmed for heightened realism. No studies have used an immersive VR system to observe lay bystander response.

Objective
We sought to characterize lay bystander response to an unannounced simulated VR SCA event during a multisensory scenario.

Methods
Using a VR wearable device combined with a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) recording manikin, we created a 3-minute multisensory SCA scenario that allowed for the observation of lay bystander response. Subjects were unaware of the nature of the emergency event but were told to respond how they would to an emergency situation. Subject's ability to proceed through the American Heart Association's Chain of Survival and their CPR quality were recorded. Frequencies and percentages were calculated using descriptive statistics.

Results
Between June 2016 and June 2017, 119 lay subjects were enrolled. Of those, 92% asked for 911 to be called, 81% attempted CPR, 13% requested an automated external defibrillator (AED), and 6% used the AED; 82% stated that they felt as if they were at a real SCA event. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation data were collected (n = 81), the mean CC rate was 93.5 ± 22.4 cpm, and the mean CC depth was 38.4 ± 13.8 mm.

Conclusions
In our unannounced, immersive VR SCA observational study of lay bystanders, most subjects attempted CPR, although the majority did not use an AED.
Social Network Analysis of a Simulation Community
Authors: Riley Richard H. , Kjaer Cai , Cheney A. Carol , Naumovski Svetlana , Straw Brodene L. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction
Graphical analysis of networking maps can be used to measure the health, connectivity, and vulnerabilities of a professional community. We aimed to capture and map the connections and relationships between individuals and organizations in the healthcare simulation community of the state of Western Australia. It was also intended that this analysis would encourage new opportunities for collaboration to advance simulation-based education.

Methods
In association with a baseline list of established simulation practitioners, an online survey instrument and propriety mapping software were used to establish links and interactions between individuals, colleagues, their own, and external organizations.

Results
There were 79 respondents to the survey, with 500 pairs of relationships generated for 203 nominated personnel. Two thirds of respondents were from medical, nursing, and allied health fields. The average number of collaborators for each respondent was 6.6. Collaborative patterns were presented in matrices and social network maps. These data identified leaders, important networks, and weaknesses in this community of practice.

Conclusions
The study confirmed that there were a handful of simulation educators with many linkages both within and external to their own organizations. In addition, isolated groups with poor cross-organizational associations were identified. This information can be used by healthcare and educational organizations, and funding agencies, to better understand associations and collaborations across the wider simulation community and to consider appropriate improvements to strengthen the simulation network.
Cerebral Microbleeds and the Safety of Anticoagulation in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Yifan , Song Quhong , Jiao Yang , Lin Jueying , Qu Huiling , Zhao Shanshan , Xu Junjie , Zhao Chuansheng , Zhao Mei 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the safety of anticoagulation in ischemic stroke (IS) patients with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs).

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from 1996 to July 2018 were searched to identify relevant studies that included IS patients, underwent T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo, or susceptibility-weighted imaging for detection CMBs and used anticoagulants during follow-up. Primary outcome of interest was intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Secondary outcomes were hemorrhage transformation, IS, total mortality, and new developed CMBs. We critically appraised studies and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance.

Results
We included 7 observational studies. Cerebral microbleeds were associated with a significantly elevated risk of anticoagulation-related ICH (odds ratio, 4.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.82–8.81; P = 0.001). It was significant for warfarin (odds ratio, 8.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–42.62; P = 0.015). New developed CMBs in patients on warfarin treatment were associated with baseline CMBs, and the appearance of hemorrhagic transformation did not have a significant relationship with baseline CMBs.

Conclusions
The presence of CMBs increases the risk of ICH during anticoagulant treatment (especially warfarin) in IS patients. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our conclusions.
A novel cell-based sensor detecting the activity of individual basic proprotein convertases
Authors: Löw Karin , Hardes Kornelia , Fedeli Chiara , Seidah Nabil G. , Constam Daniel B. , Pasquato Antonella , Steinmetzer Torsten , Roulin Alexandre , Kunz Stefan 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe basic proprotein convertases (PCs) furin, PC1/3, PC2, PC5/6, PACE4, PC4, and PC7 are promising drug targets for human diseases. However, developing selective inhibitors remains challenging due to overlapping substrate recognition motifs and limited structural information. Classical drug screening approaches for basic PC inhibitors involve homogeneous biochemical assays using soluble recombinant enzymes combined with fluorogenic substrate peptides and do not accurately recapitulate the complex cellular context of the basic PC-substrate interaction. We report herePCific, a novel cell-based molecular sensor that allows rapid screening of candidate inhibitors and their selectivity toward individual basic PCs within mammalian cells.PCificconsists ofGaussialuciferase linked to a sortilin-1 membrane anchor via a cleavage motif that allows efficient release of luciferase specifically if individual basic PCs are provided incis. Screening of selected candidate peptidomimetic inhibitors revealed thatPCificcan readily distinguish between general and selective PC inhibitors in a high-throughput screening format.
A folded conformation of MukBEF and Cohesin
Authors: Bürmann Frank , Lee Byung-Gil , Than Thane , Sinn Ludwig , O’Reilly Francis J , Yatskevich Stanislau , Rappsilber Juri , Hu Bin , Nasmyth Kim , Löwe Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStructural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC)-kleisin complexes organize chromosomal DNAs in all domains of life, where they have key roles in chromosome segregation, DNA repair and regulation of gene expression. They function through topological entrapment and active translocation of DNA, but the underlying conformational changes are largely unclear. Using structural biology, mass spectrometry and cross-linking, we investigated the architecture of two evolutionarily distant SMC-kleisin complexes: proteobacterial MukBEF and eukaryotic cohesin. We show that both contain a dynamic coiled-coil discontinuity, the elbow, near the middle of their arms that permits a folded conformation. Bending at the elbow brings into proximity the hinge dimerization domain and the head/kleisin module, situated at opposite ends of the arms. Our findings favor SMC activity models that include a large conformational change in the arms, such as a relative movement between DNA contact sites during DNA loading and translocation.
Evaluation of colorectal cancer subtypes and cell lines using deep learning
Authors: Ronen Jonathan , Hayat Sikander , Akalin Altuna 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with a high mortality rate and a rising incidence rate in the developed world. The disease shows variable drug response and outcome. Molecular profiling techniques have been used to better understand the variability between tumours as well as cancer models such as cell lines. Drug discovery programs use cell lines as a proxy for human cancers to characterize their molecular makeup and drug response, identify relevant indications and discover biomarkers. In order to maximize the translatability and the clinical relevance of in vitro studies, selection of optimal cancer models is imperative. We have developed a deep learning based method to measure the similarity between CRC tumors and other tumors or disease models such as cancer cell lines. Our method efficiently leverages multi-omics data sets containing copy number alterations, gene expression and point mutations, and learns latent factors that describe the data in lower dimension. These latent factors represent the patterns across gene expression, copy number, and mutational profiles which are clinically relevant and explain the variability of molecular profiles across tumours and cell lines. Using these, we propose a refined colorectal cancer sample classification and provide best-matching cell lines in terms of multi-omics for the different subtypes. These findings are relevant for patient stratification and selection of cell lines for early stage drug discovery pipelines, biomarker discovery, and target identification.
SETMAR functions in illegitimate DNA recombination and non-homologous end joining
Authors: Tellier Michael , Chalmers Ronald 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn anthropoid primates, SETMAR is a fusion between a methyltransferase gene and a domesticated DNA transposase. SETMAR has been found to be involved in several cellular functions including regulation of gene expression, DNA integration and DNA repair. These functions are thought to be mediated through the histone methyltransferase, the DNA binding and the nuclease activities of SETMAR. To better understand the cellular roles of SETMAR, we generated several U2OS cell lines expressing either wild type SETMAR or a truncated or mutated variant. We tested these cell lines within vivoplasmid-based assays to determine the relevance of the different domains and activities of SETMAR in DNA integration and repair. We found that expressing the SET and MAR domains, but not wild type SETMAR, partially affect DNA integration and repair. The methyltransferase activity of SETMAR is also needed for an efficient DNA repair whereas we did not observe any requirement for the putative nuclease activity of SETMAR. Overall, our data support a non-essential function for SETMAR in DNA integration and repair.
Single cell transcriptomes reveal characteristics of miRNA in gene expression noise reduction
Authors: Hu Tao , Wei Lei , Li Shuailin , Cheng Tianrun , Zhang Xuegong , Wang Xiaowo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIsogenic cells growing in identical environments show cell-to-cell variations because of stochastic gene expression. The high level of variation or noise could disrupt robust gene expression and result in tremendous consequences on cell behaviors. In this work, we showed evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) could reduce gene expression noise in mRNA level of mouse cells based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis. We identified that miRNA expression level, number of targets, targets pool abundance and interaction strength of miRNA with its targets are the key features contributing to noise repression. MiRNAs tend to work together as cooperative sub-networks to repress target noise synergistically in a cell type specific manner. Using a physical model of post-transcriptional regulation, we demonstrated that the accelerated degradation with elevated transcriptional activation of miRNA target provides resistance to extrinsic fluctuations. Together, through the integration analysis of single-cell RNA and miRNA expression profiles. We demonstrated that miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators for reducing gene expression noise and conferring robustness to biological processes.