bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining gestational age using genome methylation profile: A novel approach for fetal medicine
Authors: Falick Michaeli Tal , Spiro Adam , Sabag Ofra , Karavani Gilad , Yagel Simha , Eventov‐Friedman Smadar , Cedar Howard , Bergman Yehudit , Gielchinsky Yuval 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGestational age determination by traditional tools (last menstrual period, ultrasonography measurements and Ballard Maturational Assessment in newborns) has major limitations and therefore there is a need to find different approaches. In this study, we looked for a molecular marker that can be used to determine the accurate gestational age of the newborn. To this end, we performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) on 41 cord blood and matching placenta samples from women between 25 and 40 weeks of gestation and generated an epigenetic clock based on the methylation level at different loci in the genome. We identified a set of 332 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that undergo demethylation in late gestational age in cord blood cells and can predict the gestational age (r = −.7, P = 2E‐05). Once the set of 411 DMRs that undergo de novo methylation in late gestational age was used in combination with the first set, it generated a more accurate clock (R = .77, P = 1.87E‐05). We have compared gestational age determined by Ballard score assessment with our epigenetic clock and found high concordance. Taken together, this study demonstrates that DNA methylation can accurately predict gestational age and thus may serve as a good clinical predictor.
Signal Transduction in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Authors: Duchatel Ryan J. , Jackson Evangeline R. , Alvaro Frank , Nixon Brett , Hondermarck Hubert , Dun Matthew D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an untreatable, heterogeneous high‐grade glioma (HGG) of the brainstem. This highly aggressive cancer affects mostly young children and is uniformly fatal. Genomic studies show that DIPG is driven by somatic mutations to histone H3, either H3.1 or H3.3 variants (HIST1H3B/C and H3F3A), altering the epigenetic landscape of primitive oligodendrocyte or astrocyte precursor cells of the pontine region of the brainstem. Lysine‐to‐methionine point mutations at amino acid 27 (H3K27M) co‐occur with alterations in signaling genes, including the receptor tyrosine kinases (PDGFR/KIT/VEGFR/MET/EGFR), activin A receptor (ACVR1), intracellular kinases (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs1/4/6), transcriptional regulators (MYCN), and tumor suppressors (PTEN/TP53). This cooperation drives gene expression signatures that inhibit cellular differentiation (ID1/2, Hedgehog) and promotes malignant transformation. Unique to DIPG, is the frequency of co‐occurring sets of genomic insults. However, mapping of the oncogenic signaling pathways activated in response to recurring mutations is unresolved. Herein, known oncogenic signal pathways activated in response to recurring somatic mutations and gene amplifications in DIPG are reviewed. Additionally, an important role for high‐resolution quantitative proteomics/phosphoproteomics in the characterization of signaling cascades are highlighted. These regulate the cell cycle, epigenetics and anti‐apoptotic processes, information critical for the development of improved treatment strategies for DIPG.
Variables that Influence Basic Prosthetic Mobility in People With Non‐Vascular Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Gailey Robert , Clemens Sheila , Sorensen Jeffrey , Kirk‐Sanchez Neva , Gaunaurd Ignacio , Raya Michele , Klute Glenn , Pasquina Paul 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThere exists a dearth of evidence on rehabilitation factors that influence prosthetic mobility in people with lower limb amputation (LLA). Examining variables that contribute to prosthetic mobility can inform rehabilitation interventions, providing guidance in developing more comprehensive care for these individuals.ObjectiveTo determine the influence of modifiable and non‐modifiable variables related to LLA and their impact on prosthetic mobility, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. Secondarily, to determine if personal factors and self‐reported balance and mobility are predictive of Component timed‐up‐and‐go (cTUG) performance.DesignCross‐sectional study of a convenience sample.SettingNational conference.ParticipantsPeople (N=68) with non‐vascular causes of unilateral LLA.MethodsAssessment of anthropometrics, mobility, bilateral hip extensor strength, hip range of motion, single limb balance, and self report measures. Lasso linear regression and extreme gradient boosting analyses were used to determine influence of variables on prosthetic mobility.Main Outcome MeasureTimed performance of the cTUG.ResultsThe following five variables were found to influence basic prosthetic mobility (P ≤ .05) in people with transtibial amputation: hip extensor strength, hip range of motion, single limb balance, waist circumference, and age. In the transfemoral cohort, number of comorbidities and waist circumference primarily influenced prosthetic mobility. Additionally, 66% of the variance in cTUG total time for the entire sample could be explained by simply regressing on level of amputation, number of comorbidities, age and Activities‐specific Balance Confidence scale score, all variables easily collected in a waiting room.ConclusionVariables that are modifiable with physical therapy intervention including hip extensor strength, hip range of motion, single limb balance, and waist circumference significantly influenced basic prosthetic mobility. These variables can be affected by targeted rehabilitation interventions and lifestyle changes.Level of EvidenceII.
Synthesis of methyl‐substituted azobenzene–carbazole conjugated copolymers with photoinduced structural changes
Authors: Otaki Masashi , Kumai Reiji , Goto Hiromasa 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAzobenzene switches its structure instantaneously by reversible trans‐to‐cis and cis‐to‐trans photoisomerization with light irradiations. Dynamic change in polymer structure is expected via introducing an azobenzene unit into the main chain. In this study, a set of methyl‐substituted azobenzene–carbazole conjugated copolymers is synthesized by the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling method. Introduction of methyl substituents to the azobenzene unit of the monomer, and polymerization in a high‐boiling solvent improve the molecular weight of the polymer. Decrease of effective conjugation length due to the twisted structure of the main chain allows progress of photoisomerization. The microstructure of the polymer was determined with grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements using synchrotron radiation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1756–1764
Should isolated Pseudo‐Bartter syndrome be considered a CFTR‐related disorder of infancy?
Authors: Poli Piercarlo , De Rose Domenico Umberto , Timpano Silviana , Savoldi Gianfranco , Padoan Rita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfants that are negative to cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening (NBS) programs, or in countries without NBS, may present with metabolic alkalosis and severe salt depletion, a well‐known clinical manifestation of CF termed Pseudo‐Bartter syndrome (PBS). Here, we report the cases of three CF‐negative children, who carry rare mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and, for whom, PBS was the only manifestation of CFTR protein dysfunction. There is no diagnostic label for these cases.MethodsMedical records of patients followed at our Cystic Fibrosis Centre were revised and data were collected for all patients who presented with an isolated PBS. The syndrome was defined as an episode of dehydration with low levels of serum sodium (<134mmol/L), potassium (
<3.4mmol/L), and chloride (
<100mmol/L), with metabolic alkalosis (bicarbonatemia >27mmol/L) in the absence of renal tubulopathy.ResultsThree out of 73 (4%) CF infants presented with a severe metabolic alkalosis with salt depletion; two of these required admission to the intensive care unit. Two infants had a negative NBS, and one was identified as a CF carrier. Sweat test was repeatedly in the negative/borderline ranges for all patients. Less than two CF causing mutations were identified (F508del/R1070W, F508del; L467F/P5L, R1066H/P5L). During a mean follow‐up of 9 years, the children had no other CF manifestations.ConclusionWe suggest that PBS as the sole manifestation of CFTR dysfunction might be considered a CFTR‐related disorder of infancy.
Reliability and economic analysis and improvement of complex mechanical products based on DEA: An empirical case study of hydraulic products
Authors: Zhao Xiuxu , Zhang Xiaomin , . Rendy , Liang Xian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComplex mechanical products involve many specialized fields such as machinery, electronics, hydraulics, and computers, so their initial cost is usually higher. In addition, regular and irregular maintenance are also needed to extend their service life, so that the cost of the product in its life cycle will be increased. Therefore, for the manufacturing enterprises of complex mechanical products, it is very important to achieve the best matching between reliability and economy. In order to survive in the fierce market competition, it is necessary to compare with other similar products in the market, so as to clearly understand the level of their products, find out the gap, and improve it. However, the existing product reliability assessment methods based on probability and statistics theory cannot provide such help for them to solve this problem. Therefore, this paper puts forward a method to evaluate and improve complex mechanical products by using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering the reliability and economy of product comprehensively. Through the relative effectiveness of DEA, the same type of products on the market can be compared, providing specific method for enterprises to evaluate and improve their own product level to achieve the best matching of economy and reliability. This paper introduces the principle and steps of this method and takes the hydraulic component manufacturing enterprise as an example to carry out practical research, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
Combustion Process Using Plant‐Based Fuels for the Synthesis of Metal‐ Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Vivekanandhan Singaravelu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetal oxide nanostructures receive great interest due to their unique size and shape dependent physicochemical and functional properties. With the rapid growth of metal oxide nanotechnology, their chemical synthesis processes have become the most promising one due to their simplicity and versatility. Among the various available chemical processes such as sol‐gel, hydrothermal, polyol and precipitation, the combustion process receives significant attention. In particular, the combustion process has been extensively explored for the synthesis of various nanostructured materials including metal oxides, which involves in the exothermic reaction upon thermal heating of precursor chemicals. Recently, the combustion process has been reinvented by using the various renewable resource‐based organic fuels, which receives increasing interest among global researchers. A wide range of plant/ leaf, fruit, flower, seed, peel, latex and tuber extracts along with the plant‐derived products have been explored in combustion process for the synthesis of various metal oxides. Hence, the present review is aimed to focus the recent advances in the combustion process by using renewable fuels for the synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures and also the emerging opportunities.
SnO2/Graphene Nanocomposite Coated by Carbonized Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogel as a High‐Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Fei , Cheng Tingting , Zong Jingui , Zhao Mingshu , Yang Sen , Song Xiaoping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTin oxide is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the large volume change and low electrical conductivity during charge‐discharge process hinder its practical application. In this work, carbon‐coated SnO2/graphene nanocomposite is synthesized by in‐situ polymerization of acrylic acid monomer and in‐situ carbonization of polyacrylic acid hydrogel on the surface of three‐dimensional porous structure SnO2/graphene. This unique structure ensures the stable combination of SnO2 nanoparticles with graphene and simultaneously avoids the agglomeration of SnO2 nanoparticles. Thus, the nanocomposite exhibits stable structure and excellent ionic/electronic conductivity during long‐term lithiation/delithiation process. The discharge capacity of carbon‐coated SnO2/graphene nanocomposite remains at 968 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 480 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g−1, which exhibits a significant improvement in both cyclability and rate capability for SnO2‐based anode materials.
The Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles for the Thermal and Mechanical Enhancement of Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Shen Yu , Cong Yue‐hua , Zhang Bao‐yan , Lang Qing‐you 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn order to enhance the dispersion and the interface in epoxy nanocomposites filled nanoparticles, a novel side‐chain liquid crystalline epoxy polymer (SLCEP) was synthesized. The SLCEP grafted to alumina (Al2O3) surfaces via the carboxyl group for dispersing nanoparticles, bonded covalently with the epoxy matrix by the epoxy group for interface improvement and maintained good liquid crystal properties by the mesogenic unit. The dispersity of Al2O3in Al2O3‐SLCEP and epoxy nanocomposites were studied by Fourier transform infrared imaging system and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The interface of epoxy nanocomposites was researched by observing the fracture morphology. By preventing the agglomeration of Al2O3and strengthening its interfacial bonding with the matrix, the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of Al2O3‐SLCEP/epoxy nanocomposites were improved distinctly, and Al2O3‐SLCEP/epoxy nanocomposites were much superior to neat epoxy in mechanical properties. The excellent performance of SLCEP modified nanoparticles in epoxy demonstrates that is an effective general approach for nanoparticle/polymer.
Nickel Ammine Complex‐derived NiO Modified g‐C3N4 Composites with Enhanced Visible‐light Photocatalytic H2 Evolution Performance
Authors: Shi Huilei , Bi Jingce , Bai Chunpeng , Wu Junbiao , Xu Yan , Han Yide , Zhang Xia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, NiO/g‐C3N4 (NiO/CN) composites were successfully prepared by the wetness impregnation method using nickel ammine complex solution as NiO source. As photocatalysts, NiO/CN composites showed enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities in the presence of triethanolamine as sacrificial agent. The effects of NiO content and annealing temperature for NiO/CN composites on the photocatalytic H2 evolution activities were investigated. Furthermore, NiO/CN composite with 10.0% NiO content after annealing at 450 °C exhibited optimal photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 90.05 μmol⋅h−1⋅g−1 which is about 17 times higher than that of pristine CN (5.22 μmol⋅h−1⋅g−1). Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that amorphous NiO as co‐catalyst not only offered active sites for H2 evolution but also benefited the efficient separation of the photogenerated charge carries. In addition, NiO/CN composite displayed the superior photocatalytic stability during the photocatalytic process.
2,4,7‐Triaminofluorenone as a Multi‐Analyte Colorimetric Sensor of Fluoride, Acetone Vapor, and Other Harmful Compounds
Authors: Mohar Mrittika 
Published: July 2019

Abstract2,4,7‐Triaminofluorenone, a fluorenone derived multi‐analyte colorimetric chemosensor, has been synthesized via an extremely cost‐effective synthetic pathway. The sensor molecule can detect various analytes such as fluoride ion, acetone vapor, and picric acid. The violet solution of the sensor molecule becomes deep blue in the presence of fluoride ion. It can detect fluoride down to 120 ppb level. The compound in the solid state shows vapochromism only in the presence of acetone. The grey colored solid coating of the sensor molecule becomes blue in the presence of acetone vapor. This property was utilized to sense acetone vapor. Color Grab, an android based app, was utilized to detect acetone in real time down to 10 ppm level. Apart from that, the same sensor molecule was also tested for sensing different electron deficient nitro aromatic compounds due to its electron rich framework. The sensor was found to detect picric acid selectively. The sensor compound also shows acid‐base induced color change. The violet solution of the sensor molecule becomes brown in the presence of carboxylic as well as mineral acid. This reaction is reversible. Hence, the brown solution becomes violet again in the presence of aliphatic amines as well as ammonia. Utilizing this property, a method has been described to detect two widely used highly volatile chemicals HCl and NH3 in different industries.
How the severity gap influences the effect of top actor performance on outcomes following a violation
Authors: Busenbark John R. , Marshall Nathan T. , Miller Brian P. , Pfarrer Michael D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryViolation severity represents an important contextual factor in explaining the extent to which top actor performance is a benefit or burden following a negative event. Research often conflates how observers perceive an event with its objective severity, however, while ignoring the potential divergence between both types. We therefore introduce the severity gap, which reflects the degree to which perceived and objective violation severity diverge, and we theorize about how it informs the degree to which top actor performance offers benefits or burdens for these actors. We hypothesize and find that internal stakeholders shield strong performing top actors when the severity gap is high, but that performance is less salient to external stakeholders who distance themselves from these top actors.Managerial SummaryOrganizations embroiled in violations are often subject to formal assessments of the severity of the event as well as the court of public opinion. Yet researchers have largely conceptualized objective and perceived violation severity as mirrors of each another. We question if this captures what actually unfolds in the marketplace, particularly given the myriad examples of when violations resonate more strongly with observers than the objective severity would suggest, or vice versa. We examine how the gap between perceived and objective violation severity influences how much insiders and outsiders are concerned with top actor performance when considering which outcomes top actors encounter after the negative event. Our results suggest that insiders shield top performers as the severity gap increases, but that outsiders remain increasingly skeptical.
Bio‐Derived Co2P Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as Promising Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Jang Jue‐Hyuk , Jang Injoon , Kang Yun Sik , Jang Seguen , Lee Kwan Young , Jang Jong Hyun , Kim Hyung‐Juhn , Yoo Sung Jong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, nonnoble‐metal catalysts such as a metal coordinated to nitrogen doped in a carbon matrix have been reported to exhibit superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkaline media. In this work, Co2P nanoparticles supported on heteroatom‐doped carbon catalysts (NBSCP) are developed with an eco‐friendly synthesis method using bean sprouts. NBSCP can be easily synthesized through metal precursor absorption and carbonization at a high temperature. It shows a very large specific surface area with various dopants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur derived from small organic molecules. The catalyst can exhibit activity in various electrochemical reactions. In particular, excellent performance is noted for the ORR. Compared to the commercial Pt/C, NBSCP exhibits a lower onset potential, higher current density, and superior durability. This excellent ORR activity and durability is attributable to the synergistic effect between Co2P nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped carbon. In addition, superior performance is noted on applying NBSCP to a practical anion exchange membrane fuel cell system. Through this work, the possibility of applying an easily obtained bio‐derived material to energy conversion and storage systems is demonstrated.
Depriving Bacterial Adhesion‐Related Molecule to Inhibit Biofilm Formation Using CeO2‐Decorated Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Qiu Hao , Pu Fang , Liu Zhengwei , Deng QingQing , Sun Panpan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe formation of bacterial biofilm is one of the causes of antimicrobial resistance, often leading to persistent infections and a high fatality rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel and effective strategies to inhibit biofilm formation. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation through stimulating cell lysis and extracellular DNA (eDNA) release. Herein, a simple and robust strategy for inhibiting biofilm formation is developed using CeO2‐decorated porphyrin‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). The function of extracellular ATP (eATP) can be inhibited by CeO2 nanoparticles, leading to the disruption of the initial adhesion of bacteria. Furthermore, planktonic bacteria can be killed by cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by MOFs. As a consequence, the synergic effect of eATP deprivation and ROS generation presents excellent capacity to prevent biofilm formation, which may provide a new direction for designing flexible and effective biofilm‐inhibiting systems.
Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg2Sn1–xSbx Solid Solutions
Authors: Xin Jiazhan , Zhang Yang , Wu Haijun , Zhu Tiejun , Fu Tiezheng , Shen Jiajun , Pennycook Stephen J. , Zhao Xinbing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMg2Sn based solid solutions have attracted much research interest due to their high thermoelectric (TE) performance in the mid‐temperature region and abundant constituent elements. Further enhancement of the figure of merit zT lies in the effective reduction of the relatively high lattice thermal conductivity. It has been demonstrated that alloying high content of aliovalent Sb (>10%) in Mg2Si analogue can induce Mg vacancies and dense dislocations to greatly suppress the lattice thermal conductivity. In this work, the strategy is extended to the Sb alloyed Mg2Sn to enhance zT. Detailed microstructure investigations reveal the existence of high density of interstitial clusters. By introducing these nanostructures as the additional phonon scattering sources, the theoretical calculation well match the low experimental lattice thermal conductivity. Superior to the Sb alloyed Mg2Si, relatively high power factor is maintained in the Sb alloyed Mg2Sn and the maximum zT of 0.9 at 750 K is obtained. With simpler chemical composition though, the Mg2Sn1–xSbx (x > 0.1) has comparable TE performance with the Sb alloyed Mg2Si0.4Sn0.6 solid solutions, exhibiting promising potential for practical applications. The present work offers a comprehensive understanding of the effect of aliovalent alloying and concomitant complex microstructure in reducing thermal conductivity and enhancing zT.