bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting functional responses in agro‐ecosystems from animal movement data to improve management of invasive pests
Authors: Wilber Mark Q. , Chinn Sarah M. , Beasley James C. , Boughton Raoul K. , Brook Ryan K. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Fischer Justin W. , Hartley Steve B. , Holmstrom Lindsey K. , Kilgo John C. , Lewis Jesse S. , Miller Ryan S. , Snow Nathan P. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Wisely Samantha M. , Webb Colleen T. , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFunctional responses describe how changing resource availability affects consumer resource use, thus providing a mechanistic approach to prediction of the invasibility and potential damage of invasive alien species (IAS). However, functional responses can be context dependent, varying with resource characteristics and availability, consumer attributes, and environmental variables. Identifying context dependencies can allow invasion and damage risk to be predicted across different ecoregions. Understanding how ecological factors shape the functional response in agro‐ecosystems can improve predictions of hotspots of highest impact and inform strategies to mitigate damage across locations with varying crop types and availability. We linked heterogeneous movement data across different agro‐ecosystems to predict ecologically driven variability in the functional responses. We applied our approach to wild pigs (Sus scrofa), one of the most successful and detrimental IAS worldwide where agricultural resource depredation is an important driver of spread and establishment. We used continental‐scale movement data within agro‐ecosystems to quantify the functional response of agricultural resources relative to availability of crops and natural forage. We hypothesized that wild pigs would selectively use crops more often when natural forage resources were low. We also examined how individual attributes such as sex, crop type, and resource stimulus such as distance to crops altered the magnitude of the functional response. There was a strong agricultural functional response where crop use was an accelerating function of crop availability at low density (Type III) and was highly context dependent. As hypothesized, there was a reduced response of crop use with increasing crop availability when non‐agricultural resources were more available, emphasizing that crop damage levels are likely to be highly heterogeneous depending on surrounding natural resources and temporal availability of crops. We found significant effects of crop type and sex, with males spending 20% more time and visiting crops 58% more often than females, and both sexes showing different functional responses depending on crop type. Our application demonstrates how commonly collected animal movement data can be used to understand context dependencies in resource use to improve our understanding of pest foraging behavior, with implications for prioritizing spatiotemporal hotspots of potential economic loss in agro‐ecosystems.
Regional differences in kelp forest interaction chains are influenced by both diffuse and localized stressors
Authors: Udy J. A. , Wing S. R. , Jowett T. , O'Connell‐Milne S. A. , Durante L. M. , McMullin R. M. , Kolodzey S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOn temperate rocky reefs, overexploitation of high‐trophic‐level omnivores can result in the decimation of kelp forest habitats by releasing sea urchin population networks from top‐down control. However, the local dynamics of the resulting trophic cascades are context‐dependent. Here, we investigate the community‐wide patterns associated with both diffuse stressors and localized protection of high‐trophic‐level omnivores in kelp forest ecosystems by comparing communities among marine reserves and fished areas in two contrasting regions in terms of fishing intensity and land‐based stressors, Fiordland and the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. We find higher densities of the potential sea urchin predators, red rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) and banded wrasse (Notolabrus fucicola), in the Fiordland region, and larger effect sizes of fishing on the exploited fish communities in the Marlborough Sounds. Patterns in sea urchin density were consistent with the idea that high‐trophic‐level species, such as large fish and rock lobsters, regulate sea urchin population density, with lower densities of Evechinus chloroticus observed inside marine reserves, in both regions. Nevertheless, densities of E. chloroticus were generally high (>3 m2) in the Marlborough Sounds, likely above a grazing threshold in both fished and reserve sites. The proportion of habitat where sea urchins were absent was 29% in Marlborough Sounds and 90% in Fiordland. Consequently, we observe 49% barren habitat in Fiordland vs. 70%, and a larger effect of fishing on kelp community structure, in the Marlborough Sounds, where fishing effect sizes and land‐based stressors were more severe. We propose that a combination of diffuse stressors including regional overexploitation of important sea urchin predators, sedimentation, and warming of coastal waters likely contributed to regional differences in the responses of trophic interaction chains to localized reductions in fishing within marine reserves. The present study highlights how physiologically stressed and modified kelp forest ecosystems are more susceptible to detrimental phase shifts at a regional spatial scale.
Is it climate or chemistry? Soil fungal communities respond to soil nutrients in a multi‐year high‐resolution analysis
Authors: Burke David J. , Carrino‐Kyker Sarah R. , Burns Jean H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPredicting potential responses of soil fungal communities and fungal diversity to environmental change is limited by relatively few long‐term data sets, despite the important role fungi play in ecosystem processes. In this study, we examined the relative importance of environmental factors (weather or climate factors and chemical factors) on fungal communities over a period of five years. We examined fungal communities in an old‐growth beech‐maple forest in northeastern Ohio, located within the snow belt of Lake Erie, which receives an average of 287 cm of snowfall. Soil was collected every month from long‐term plots and divided into different soil depths; a total of 1080 samples were collected and used for fungal community and chemical analysis. We used DNA fragment analysis methods to examine fungal community response to environmental factors, and used next‐generation sequencing to examine specific responses of fungal species and quantify diversity in forest soil. Tests for phylogenetic signal were used to explore whether fungal responses are similar among close relatives or divergent within clades. Fungal communities responded significantly to chemical factors such as soil phosphorus but responded weakly to climate factors such as soil temperature, suggesting that fungal community composition reflects temporal variation in microsite environmental conditions. Sequencing revealed high degrees of fungal species richness, with an average of 384 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within each soil core and more than 1000 OTUs within our study site. Fungal taxa associated with phosphorus availability and soil moisture were also distributed broadly across fungal clades (e.g., Basidiomycota, Ascomycota). Our study suggests that microsite chemical factors (e.g., soil moisture, P availability) correlate more strongly with fungal community variation than climate factors (e.g., soil temperature). In addition, environmental responses were not conserved among close relatives, suggesting that relatedness may not be sufficient to predict potential responses to these factors.
Foraging ecology mediates response to ecological mismatch during migratory stopover
Authors: Tucker Anna M. , McGowan Conor P. , Catalano Matthew J. , DeRose‐Wilson Audrey , Robinson Robert A. , Zimmerman Jordan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImpacts of ecological mismatches should be most pronounced at points of the annual cycle when populations depend on a predictable, abundant, and aggregated food resource that changes in timing or distribution. The degree to which species specialize on a key prey item, therefore, should determine their sensitivity to mismatches. We evaluated the hypothesis that the effects of ecological mismatch during migratory stopover are mediated by a species’ foraging ecology by comparing two similar long‐distance migratory species that differ in their foraging strategies during stopover. We predicted that a specialist foraging strategy would make species more sensitive to effects of mismatch with a historically abundant prey, while an active, generalist foraging strategy should help buffer against changing local conditions. We estimated arrival times, start of mass gain, and rate of mass gain during spring stopover in Delaware Bay, USA. At this site, shorebirds feed on a temporally aggregated food resource (horseshoe crabLimulus polyphemuseggs), the timing of which is linked to water temperature; red knot (Calidris canutus rufa) specializes on these while the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) feeds more generally. We used a hierarchical nonlinear model to estimate the effect of mismatch between shorebird arrivals and timing of crab spawning on the timing and rate of mass gain over 22 yr. In years with cooler water temperature, crabs spawned later, which was associated with later and faster mass gain for the knots. Turnstones exhibited less inter‐annual variation in the timing and rate of mass gain than knots, and we found no relationship between mass gain dynamics and the availability of horseshoe crab eggs for this generalist species. Long‐distance migrants rely on predictable resources en route and even when these linkages are simple and predictable, populations can be vulnerable to change; these results suggest that generalist foraging strategies may buffer migratory species against phenological mismatch. We provide a framework to evaluate population responses to changes in prey phenology at sites vulnerable to climatic change.
Quality of service in IoT protocol as designs and its verification in PVS
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Saqib , Sun Meng , Shahzad Basit , Lali M. Ikram Ullah , Umer Tariq , Wan Shaohua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReliable data transmission during communication in Internet of things (IoT)–based systems has gained much interest in last few years due to the current growth and huge investment in such systems. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is an open publish/subscribe–based messaging protocol that is widely used for device communication in IoT. For data transmission between devices, different levels of quality of service (QoS) are used in MQTT. In this paper, we provide a formal model for MQTT protocol under the Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP) semantic framework, where QoS levels in MQTT are modeled as designs in UTP. Refinement and equivalence relations between QoS levels can be established naturally via implication between predicates. Moreover, Prototype Verification System (PVS) is used to encode the UTP design models and some important properties as well as the refinement relation between QoS levels is proved with the PVS proof assistant.
Energy modeling and adaptive sampling algorithms for energy‐harvesting powered nodes with sampling rate limitations
Authors: Gindullina Elvina , Badia Leonardo , Vilajosana Xavier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores the implementation of different sampling strategies for a practical energy‐harvesting wireless device (sensor node) powered by a rechargeable battery. We look for a realistic yet effective sampling strategy that prevents packet delivery failures, which is simple enough to be implemented in low‐complexity hardware. The article proposes methods that balance erratic energy arrivals and include advantages of dynamic data‐driven approaches based on historical data. Due to the industrial requirements in terms of minimum acceptable sampling frequency, we also integrate sampling rate limits and verify the proposed methods. To do so, we simulated the operation of an industrial data logger powered with a solar panel relying on the enhanced state of the model for battery charging. Finally, the proposed methods are compared based on energy consumption over a year and the amount of packet delivery failures, thus showing how some modifications of available strategies achieve satisfactory performance in this sense.
Increased Fracture Risk in Women Treated With Aromatase Inhibitors Versus Tamoxifen: Beneficial Effect of Bisphosphonates
Authors: Pineda-Moncusí Marta , Garcia-Giralt Natalia , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Servitja Sonia , Tusquets Ignasi , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Nogués Xavier 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Aromatase inhibitors have been associated with accelerated bone loss and an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Currently, bisphosphonates are recommended to reduce fracture risk in these patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fracture risk in breast cancer patients receiving aromatase inhibitors, compared to tamoxifen users, and to assess the effectiveness of oral bisphosphonates in reducing fracture risk. We performed an observational cohort study up to 10 years of follow-up. Data were extracted from primary care records in a population database. Women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2006 and 2015 and treated with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (n = 36,472) were stratified according to low (without osteoporosis diagnosis nor bisphosphonates exposure) or high (with osteoporosis and/or treated with bisphosphonates) fracture risk. Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR [95% CI]) of fracture from the propensity score–matched patients. Sensitivity analyses account for competing risk of death were performed (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] [95% CI]). In postmenopausal women, fracture risk in aromatase inhibitor users showed an HR 1.40 [95% CI,1.05 to 1.87] and SHR 1.48 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.98], compared to tamoxifen. Observing aromatase inhibitors patients at high risk of fracture, bisphosphonate-treated patients had an HR 0.73 [95% CI, 0.51 to 1.04] and SHR 0.69 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.98] compared to nontreated. In conclusion, fracture risk in postmenopausal women during aromatase inhibitor treatment, in real-life conditions, was &gt;40% compared to tamoxifen, corroborating previous randomized controlled trials results. In high-risk patients, bisphosphonate users had lower significant fracture incidence during aromatase inhibitor therapy than nonbisphosphonate users. Monitoring fracture risk and related risk factors in aromatase inhibitor patients is advisable. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Osteocalcin Regulates Arterial Calcification Via Altered Wnt Signaling and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Rashdan Nabil A , Sim Alisia M , Cui Lin , Phadwal Kanchan , Roberts Fiona L , Carter Roderick , Ozdemir Derya D , Hohenstein Peter , Hung John , Kaczynski Jakub , Newby David E , Baker Andrew H , Karsenty Gerard , Morton Nicholas M , MacRae Vicky E 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Arterial calcification is an important hallmark of cardiovascular disease and shares many similarities with skeletal mineralization. The bone-specific protein osteocalcin (OCN) is an established marker of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteochondrogenic transdifferentiation and a known regulator of glucose metabolism. However, the role of OCN in controlling arterial calcification is unclear. We hypothesized that OCN regulates calcification in VSMCs and sought to identify the underpinning signaling pathways. Immunohistochemistry revealed OCN co-localization with VSMC calcification in human calcified carotid artery plaques. Additionally, 3 mM phosphate treatment stimulated OCN mRNA expression in cultured VSMCs (1.72-fold, p &lt; 0.001). Phosphate-induced calcification was blunted in VSMCs derived from OCN null mice (Ocn−/−) compared with cells derived from wild-type (WT) mice (0.37-fold, p &lt; 0.001). Ocn−/− VSMCs showed reduced mRNA expression of the osteogenic marker Runx2 (0.51-fold, p &lt; 0.01) and the sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, PiT1 (0.70-fold, p &lt; 0.001), with an increase in the calcification inhibitor Mgp (1.42-fold, p &lt; 0.05) compared with WT. Ocn−/− VSMCs also showed reduced mRNA expression of Axin2 (0.13-fold, p &lt; 0.001) and Cyclin D (0.71 fold, p &lt; 0.01), markers of Wnt signaling. CHIR99021 (GSK3β inhibitor) treatment increased calcium deposition in WT and Ocn−/− VSMCs (1 μM, p &lt; 0.001). Ocn−/− VSMCs, however, calcified less than WT cells (1 μM; 0.27-fold, p &lt; 0.001). Ocn−/− VSMCs showed reduced mRNA expression of Glut1 (0.78-fold, p &lt; 0.001), Hex1 (0.77-fold, p &lt; 0.01), and Pdk4 (0.47-fold, p &lt; 0.001). This was accompanied by reduced glucose uptake (0.38-fold, p &lt; 0.05). Subsequent mitochondrial function assessment revealed increased ATP-linked respiration (1.29-fold, p &lt; 0.05), spare respiratory capacity (1.59-fold, p &lt; 0.01), and maximal respiration (1.52-fold, p &lt; 0.001) in Ocn−/− versus WT VSMCs. Together these data suggest that OCN plays a crucial role in arterial calcification mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling through reduced maximal respiration. Mitochondrial dynamics may therefore represent a novel therapeutic target for clinical intervention. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Derivatization‐free determination of short‐chain volatile amines in human plasma and urine by headspace gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Neyer Peter , Bernasconi Luca , Fuchs Jens A. , Allenspach Martina D. , Steuer Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundShort‐chain volatile amines (SCVA) are an interesting compound class playing crucial roles in physiological and toxicological human settings. Dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), diethylamine (DEA), and triethylamine (TEA) were investigated in detail.MethodsHeadspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS‐GC‐MS) was used for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of four SCVA in different human body fluids. Four hundred microliters of Li‐heparin plasma and urine were analyzed after liberation of volatile amines under heated conditions in an aqueous alkaline and saline environment. Target analytes were separated on a volatile amine column and detected on a Thermo DSQ II mass spectrometer scheduled in single ion monitoring mode.ResultsChromatographic separation of selected SCVA was done within 7.5 minutes. The method was developed and validated with respect to accuracy, precision, recovery and stability. Accuracy and precision criteria were below 12% for all target analytes at low and high levels. The selected extraction procedure provided recoveries of more than 92% from both matrices for TMA, DEA and TEA. The recovery of DMA from Li‐heparin plasma was lower but still in the acceptable range (>75%). The newly validated method was successfully applied to plasma and urine samples from healthy volunteers. Detected concentrations of endogenous metabolites DMA and TMA are comparable to already known reference ranges.ConclusionHerein, we describe the successful development and validation of a reliable and broadly applicable HS‐GC‐MS procedure for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of SCVA in human plasma and urine without relying on derivatization chemistry.
Elbow Biomechanics, Radiocapitellar Joint Pressure, and Interosseous Membrane Strain Before and After Radial Head Arthroplasty
Authors: Hemmingsen Chalotte K. , Thillemann Theis M. , Elmengaard Brian , de Raedt Sepp , Nielsen Emil T. , Mosegaard Sebastian B. , Stentz‐Olesen Kasper , Stilling Maiken 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTComplex radial head fracture and elbow instability can be treated with radial head arthroplasty. Good clinical results have been described after this surgical treatment. However, the revision and complication rate reported in the literature is concerning. This might be due to altered kinematics after radial head arthroplasty. Eight human native elbows were examined with dynamic radiostereometric analysis and compared with a radial head arthroplasty. Translations of the radial head in the x‐, y‐, and z‐directions relative to the humerus and the ulna were measured. The radiocapitellar joint pressure was measured using a pressure sensor. The tension within the interosseous membrane was measured using a custom‐made strain gauge. After radial head arthroplasty, the radial head was displaced approximately 1.8  mm medially and 1.4  mm distally at the starting point. During unloaded flexion motion the difference in all translations between the native radial head and the radial head arthroplasty was less than 1 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]  ±  0.5 mm) (p = 0.001). With loading the difference was less than 1.5  mm (95% CI  ± 1.5  mm) (p = 0.001). The mean difference in radiocapitellar joint contact pressure was less than 0.30 MPa (95% CI ± 0.40 MPa) (p = 0.001) during unloaded flexion motion. There were only submillimetre kinematic changes and small changes in joint pressure and interosseous membrane tension after the insertion of a radial head arthroplasty in an experimental setting. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:510–522, 2020
Bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacity of cane residues from different grape varieties
Authors: Ferreyra Susana G , Antoniolli Andrea , Bottini Rubén , Fontana Ariel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEvery year, the viticulture activity generates considerable amounts of underused lignocellulosic residues as grape cane, which are generally composted or burned despite their potential value as a source of bioactive compounds. Determination of their phytochemical composition and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) may be a useful way of exploiting different high‐added value applications.RESULTSTwenty‐one phenolic compounds (PC) and two carotenoids (Car) were quantified by high performance‐liquid chromatography‐diode array detection in eight grape varieties from different locations in Mendoza, Argentina. The maximum concentrations corresponded to the stilbene ϵ‐viniferin [10 552 μg g−1 dry weight (DW)], followed by the flavanols (+)‐catechin (3718 μg g−1 DW) and (−)‐epicatechin (2486 μg g−1 DW). In addition, lutein and β‐carotene were quantified at levels ranging between 350 and 2400 ng g−1 DW. The TAC of the extracts was assessed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity, 2,20‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assays, with a good correlation between TAC and total PC for each sample (r ≥ 0.82).CONCLUSIONSamples of cv. Malbec, the most representative variety of Argentina's winemaking industry, presented high contents of PC, particularly ϵ‐viniferin, (+)‐catechin and (−)‐epicatechin. Quercetin‐3‐galactoside, OH‐tyrosol and Car were reported for the first time in grape canes of the eight varieties. The results add to the existing knowledge related to this inexpensive source of high‐value bioactive compounds, which could be used as functional ingredients. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry