bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study on comparison of simulation‐based mastery learning versus conventional apprentice‐based learning for basic endoscopy training
Authors: Maulahela Hasan , Soetikno Roy M. , Kaltenbach Tonya R. , Annisa Nagita Gianty , Putri Nurul Amelia Rahayu , Syam Ari Fahrial , Simadibrata Marcellus , Findyartini Ardi , Indriatmi Wresti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe simulation‐based mastery learning (SBML) method holds promise for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of endoscopy training. However, further study is required to establish its advantages over the traditional method. We aim to prospectively compare outcomes between gastrointestinal endoscopy trainees taught using SBML and those trained using conventional apprenticeship methods for upper endoscopy.MethodsWe performed a blinded, stepwise, comparative study with SBML participants deliberately practicing deconstructed steps of upper endoscopy and apprenticeship participants observing procedures. Three blinded trainers assessed trainees' skills using a validated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) tool pre‐and post‐training. The minimum pass standard (MPS) was set at a score > 2. We compared MPS of the groups using standard statistics and paired t‐test.ResultsSix trainees were enrolled in the SBML group, and six in the conventional group. All trainees in the SBML group passed the minimum standard compared with the conventional group (P = 0.06). All trainees in the SBML group obtained significantly higher scores in overall basic GI endoscopic skills, esophageal, stomach, and duodenal observation skills than those of the conventional apprenticeship group (P < 0.05). The SBML curriculum led to three times more learning (Cohen's d = 6.5) than the conventional method (Cohen's d = 1.8).ConclusionThis prospective study supports SBML for upper endoscopy training compared with the traditional apprentice‐based method. SBML resulted in a steeper learning curve, as trainees learned three times more during the same period. Furthermore, trainees developed a uniform competency level at the end of training.
Reports of Corneal Opacity in Wild Andean Night Monkeys (Aotus lemurinus) in the Colombian Andes
Authors: Ruiz‐Lozano Silvia Juliana , González‐Montenegro Gilder Esteban , Montilla Sebastián O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMorphological abnormalities are rarely reported in night monkeys; in particular, eye problems in wild individuals are relatively rare in the literature. We present for the first time a record of corneal opacity in two wild individuals of the species Aotus lemurinus in the Andean region of Colombia. In this study, we found cases of corneal opacity probably associated with infectious and contagious processes, injuries resulting from attacks, the age of the individuals, and the health status of the groups in wildlife. We encourage researchers to report their observations of wild primates with ocular abnormalities, as this information could be useful in estimating rates of occurrence and addressing questions associated with the physiological status, social behavior of the species, and their effects on natural populations.
Patchy Dermal Melanocytosis: Differential Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Zhu Jiafang , Cen Qingqing , Chang Rui , Han Yue , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNevus of Ito and Mongolian spots are distinct clinical presentations of patchy dermal melanocytosis, characterized by similar dermatological manifestations that can pose diagnostic difficulties for clinicians.AimThis review aims to consolidate current understanding and research advancements on these conditions to facilitate clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases including PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted, along with an analysis of pertinent literature retrieved from reference lists spanning nearly four decades.ResultsEpidemiological, clinical, and pathological profiles exhibit nuanced differences between the two conditions, with unique expressions under electron microscopy and the regression possibility. It is noteworthy that most Mongolian spots naturally fade with advancing age, in contrast to nevus of Ito, which persist and may potentially evolve into malignant lesions. While picosecond laser treatment has shown greater efficacy than nanosecond lasers, the lower‐energy approach holds particular promise in pediatric cases. The therapeutic landscape for patchy dermal melanocytosis is evolving, shifting from selective photothermal action to photomechanical or subcellular photothermal modalities.ConclusionThis review underscores the importance of meticulous clinical assessment and the potential of innovative therapeutic approaches in managing these conditions.
Comparison and Assessment of Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacity Between EGCG and Phosphatidylcholine‐Encapsulated EGCG
Authors: Yuan Minjia , Hu Lili , Zhu Cuicui , Li Qi , Tie Hang , Ruan Haihua , Wu Tao , Zhang Hongyang , Xu Liang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo compare and evaluate the differences between EGCG and phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG in terms of their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant capacities.MethodsIn this study, transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to compare the absorption capacity of EGCG and phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG. Subsequently, the disparity in anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy between EGCG and phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG were evaluated through cytotoxicity experiments, as well as the determination of cellular inflammatory factors and the measurement of ROS content under different treatment conditions.ResultsThe concentration of EGCG, encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine, in porcine skin is 40.76 ± 1.29 μg/cm2, which is significantly higher than the concentration of EGCG alone (31.62 ± 2.01 μg/cm2). Also, the ability of phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG to suppress inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was notably superior to that of EGCG alone. Both phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG and EGCG showed excellent ROS scavenging ability in terms of antioxidant capacity.ConclusionThe percutaneous absorption and anti‐inflammatory impact of EGCG encapsulated within phosphatidylcholine were substantially enhanced when compared to EGCG by itself. Additionally, both formulations exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging capacities, albeit the variance between them was not pronounced. These insights furnish a vital theoretical underpinning for the utilization of phosphatidylcholine‐encapsulated EGCG in cosmetic applications, specifically for fostering products with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
The Loss of Autonomy in Eating Disorder Treatment: A Patient Perspective
Authors: Healey Hannah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this text, the author’s lived experiences as a youth with anorexia nervosa, anxiety, and depression are explored. Experiences with accessing North American health services, both in specialized eating disorder (ED) and disordered eating (DE) settings, as well as in healthcare more broadly are shared.AimThis work seeks to shed light on a patient perspective in mental health and to draw attention to some of the ways that the current framings of EDs and DE within the biomedical system might perpetuate harm.MethodsIn this piece, a collection of the author’s lived‐experiences and interactions with the healthcare system are explored.FindingsThe medical framing of EDs as a defect of both mind and body can jeopardize one’s autonomy and contribute to a sense of hopelessness. As mental health treatment increasingly prioritizes evidence‐based approaches and standardized practices, there is a growing concern that this shift risks undermining the autonomy of those it aims to support. The dualistic conceptualizations of mental and physical health in ED/DE treatment, at times, can cause harm, particularly for those who do not present with the physical manifestations of an ED/DE but remain largely affected in day‐to‐day life.DiscussionThe imposition of rigid treatment regimens can inadvertently diminish personal agency, overshadowing the nuanced, individualized needs and preferences of patients. Lived experience narratives encompass the personal, subjective insights of individuals navigating mental health challenges, in turn, providing invaluable insight that conventional methods may overlook.
Pharmacodynamics of 2 dosages of orally administered esomeprazole in client‐owned, healthy dogs: A prospective, crossover study
Authors: Ostronic Abby , Gremillion Christine , Zhang Song , Steiner Joerg M. , Tolbert M. Katherine , Gould Emily N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEsomeprazole use is increasing in dogs, but the gastrointestinal adverse events associated with q12h dosing necessitate pharmacodynamic evaluation of a reduced dose and frequency of administration.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of 2 doses of (q24h) esomeprazole in raising intragastric pH in dogs.AnimalsNine healthy, client‐owned dogs, >20 kg.MethodsProspective, randomized, double blinded, crossover study. Esomeprazole (0.5 or 1 mg/kg q24h) was orally administered for up to 5 days per treatment arm, and the mean percentage time intragastric pH was ≥3 (MPT3) and ≥4 (MPT4) for 24 hours periods were compared to pretreatment pH using a continuous pH monitoring system. Dogs failing to reach pH goals (MPT3 ≥75%, MPT4 ≥66%) with once daily dosing received esomeprazole 1 mg/kg PO q12h to determine if a higher dose would improve acid suppression.ResultsNo significant difference in the MPT3 or MPT4 was identified between treatments for any time point (P > .05). Both doses increased the MPT pH ≥3 and 4 median [range] (0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg) on days 1 (MPT3: 76.8% [44‐100], 69.2% [28.2‐100]; MPT4: 65.6% [16.7‐99.3], 54.9% [14.9‐93.3]; P = .0009) and 2 (MPT3:77.2% [27.4‐100], 75.4% [49.4‐89.5]; MPT4: 66.3% [15.5‐100], 59.7% [33.8‐81.2]; P = .0005) of PPI treatment compared to pretreatment (MPT3: 58.3% [0.02‐93.9], 52.6% [6.1‐94.7]; MPT4: 25.2% [0‐86.8], 32.4% [1.8‐89.3]). Six dogs (66%, [0.36, 0.97]) reached pH goals established in humans with q24h dosing.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBoth q24h PO esomeprazole doses were effective in raising intragastric pH, despite high intersubject variability, but 33% of dogs required q12h dosing to reach pH goals.
Leptospira Leptolysin Contributes to Serum Resistance but Is Not Essential for Acute Infection
Authors: dos Santos Courrol Daniella , Santos Cassia Moreira , Chura‐Chambi Rosa Maria , Morganti Lígia , Avelar Kátia Eliane Santos , de Moraes Maia Fernanda , Rodrigues‐da‐Silva Rodrigo Nunes , Wunder Elsio Augusto , Barbosa Angela Silva 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious in vitro works focusing on virulence determinants of the spirochete Leptospira implicated metalloproteinases as putative contributing factors to the pathogenicity of these bacteria. Those proteins have the capacity to degrade extracellular matrix components (ECM) and proteins of host's innate immunity, notably effectors of the complement system. In this study, we gained further knowledge on the role of leptolysin, one of the leptospiral‐secreted metalloproteinases, previously described as having a broad substrate specificity. We demonstrated that a proportion of human patients with mild leptospirosis evaluated in the current study produced antibodies that recognize leptolysin, thus indicating that the protease is expressed during host infection. Using recombinant protein and a knockout mutant strain, Manilae leptolysin−, we determined that leptolysin contributes to Leptospira interrogans serum resistance in vitro, likely by proteolysis of complement molecules of the alternative, the classical, the lectin, and the terminal pathways. Furthermore, in a hamster model of infection, the mutant strain retained virulence; however, infected animals had lower bacterial loads in their kidneys. Further studies are necessary to better understand the role and potential redundancy of metalloproteinases on the pathogenicity of this important neglected disease.
Prevalence of functional diarrhea in children and adolescents
Authors: Velasco‐Benitez Carlos , Velasco Daniela , Balda Amber , Arrizabalo Samantha , Saps Miguel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional diarrhea (FDr) is a common disorder in toddlers and adults. In children, the Rome criteria define FDr as a disorder of children younger than 5 years old exclusively. However, in clinical practice, school‐aged children and adolescents sometimes consult for symptoms that mimic the diagnosis of FDr. We conducted a study aimed at assessing the prevalence of FDr in school‐aged children and adolescents.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in children aged 8–18 years from two schools in Colombia. Children completed self‐report validated questionnaires to diagnose disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) per Rome IV (QPGS‐IV) for their age group and the questions related to FDr from the Rome IV questionnaire for infants and toddlers.Key ResultsAfter excluding children with organic diseases and IBS‐D, 981 participants were included (female 53.8%, White 24.7%, Indigenous 10.9%, mixed race 52.6%). Of the 981 participants, 325 (33.1%) had a DGBI. Of these, 17 children (5.2%) were diagnosed with FDr (3 participants 8–12 years; 14 participants 13–18 years). FDr was more prevalent among White children compared to non‐White children (mixed race, Black, and Indigenous) (p = 0.01).Conclusion & InferencesDespite the absence of FDr in the Rome IV criteria for children and adolescents, 1.7% of children aged 8–18 years likely have FDr. This study suggests that FDr does occur in children and adolescents. If confirmed in future studies, the diagnosis of FDr should be considered for inclusion in future editions of the Rome criteria for children of all ages.
Long‐term, automated stool monitoring using a novel smart toilet: A feasibility study
Authors: Zhou Jin , Luo Yuying , Darcy Julia W. , Lafata Kyle J. , Ruiz Jose R. , Grego Sonia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients' report of bowel movement consistency is unreliable. We demonstrate the feasibility of long‐term automated stool image data collection using a novel Smart Toilet and evaluate a deterministic computer‐vision analytic approach to assess stool form according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS).MethodsOur smart toilet integrates a conventional toilet bowl with an engineered portal to image feces in a predetermined region of the plumbing post‐flush. The smart toilet was installed in a workplace bathroom and used by six healthy volunteers. Images were annotated by three experts. A computer vision method based on deep learning segmentation and mathematically defined hand‐crafted features was developed to quantify morphological attributes of stool from images.Key Results474 bowel movements images were recorded in total from six subjects over a mean period of 10 months. 3% of images were rated abnormal with stool consistency BSFS 2 and 4% were BSFS 6. Our image analysis algorithm leverages interpretable morphological features and achieves classification of abnormal stool form with 94% accuracy, 81% sensitivity and 95% specificity.ConclusionsOur study supports the feasibility and accuracy of long‐term, non‐invasive automated stool form monitoring with the novel smart toilet system which can eliminate the patient burden of tracking bowel forms.
Women in “old boys” networks? Social class and gender gaps in individual social capital in Spain
Authors: Pena‐López Atilano , Rungo Paolo , Cobo‐Arroyo Paula 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the intersection of gender and social class in determining individual access to social capital in Spain. Specifically, the study aims to examine how gender and class homophily influence the formation and composition of personal networks.MethodsThe study employs a quantitative approach, using survey data from a representative sample of the Spanish population. It analyzes the relationship between gender, social class, network size, and composition, leveraging a neocapital framework and considering the expected returns on social capital investments.ResultsThe findings reveal a significant gender gap in social capital, particularly among the upper classes. Women, especially those from working‐class origins, have limited access to upper‐class networks compared to men with similar mobility experiences. These results highlight the reinforcing effects of class and gender homophily on social capital inequalities.ConclusionsThe study concludes that gender and class intersect to shape individuals' access to social capital in Spain. Homophily plays a crucial role in reinforcing privilege and limiting opportunities for women, particularly in the upper social strata. These findings underscore the need for policies and interventions to address gender discrimination and promote greater inclusivity in social networks.
Exposure of cryopreserved red cell concentrates to real‐world transient warming events has a negligible impact on quality
Authors: Kurach Jayme , Brandon‐Coatham Mackenzie , Olafson Carly , Turner Tracey R. , Phan Celina , Yazdanbakhsh Mahsa , Osmani Rafay , Ehsani‐Moghaddam Behrouz , Clarke Gwen , Acker Jason P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundRed cell concentrates (RCCs) may be cryopreserved at Canadian Blood Services (CBS) for up to 10 years; however, inadvertent warming of these units over the prescribed storage temperature (≤ −65°C) may occur. These units may be discarded from inventory to avoid potential adverse transfusion outcomes. This study aimed to assess the quality of RCCs that experienced unintentional transient warming events (TWEs) related to freezer failures.Study DesignThirty cryopreserved RCCs with known TWEs were selected for this study and classified into three different experimental groups (Event 1 (n = 5) TWE > −65°C for 34 min; Event 2 (n = 23) TWE > −65°C for 48 h; and both Event 1 and Event 2 (n = 2) TWE > −65°C for 34 min and 48 h). Ten additional RCCs with no known TWEs, cryopreserved over the same period, were selected as controls. Thawed RCCs were deglycerolized using the Haemonetics ACP 215, and in vitro quality was assessed throughout hypothermic storage.ResultsRCCs from the control and all three experimental groups met the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) guidelines for hematocrit, total hemoglobin, and hemolysis at expiry. RCCs experiencing a singular TWE had similar in vitro quality to control RCCs.DiscussionThis study's findings revealed that single exposures to specific documented TWEs did not significantly impact the quality of RCCs post‐deglycerolization. While units should still be assessed on a case‐by‐case basis upon TWE, our work provides the first‐ever evidence that supports a broader policy of unit retention by blood centers.
Evaluating Drying Behavior and Efficiency in Varied Shaped Samples Using Solar Drying: A Morphological and Kinetic Study
Authors: Kushwah Anand , Kumar Anil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates the drying behavior, kinetics, morphology, efficiency, and heat and mass transfer phenomena of three differently shaped samples. A refined model was used to validate experimental results. The maximum recorded solar irradiance and ambient air temperature were 775 W/m2 and 40.5 °C, respectively, at 02:00 p.m. At this peak time, crop surface temperatures were 55.2 °C, 63.2 °C, and 70.1 °C for samples I–III, respectively, due to higher solar irradiance. The maximum drying rate for sample I was 0.017 g/g db.h at 11:00 a.m., gradually decreasing thereafter. For samples II and III, peak drying rates were 0.012 and 0.017 g/g db.h at 11:00 a.m., respectively. The highest drying efficiency of 26% was achieved in case I, with 24.5% and 22.5% observed in cases II and III. Prakash and Kumar's model, with root mean square errors of 0.0219, 0.01487, and 0.01831, effectively described the thin-layer drying kinetics. The developed drying system demonstrates superior cost-effectiveness, featuring low operating costs and a payback period of 1.25 years, outperforming other market options. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has also been done to examine the surface morphology of the solar-dried food samples and showed brittle walls due to moisture loss, as indicated by SEM testing.
Research on a Space Reactor Scheme for the Lunar Research Station
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Sheng Qiang , Liu Zijing , Wang Ke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Closed Cycle Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generation System, combined with Space Nuclear Reactor, has excellent characteristics of high efficiency and low specific mass, which is a promising choice for lunar research station and deep space exploration. In this paper, potential applicable core solutions initially proposed by NASA in the Prometheus Project are compared, and a core scheme with the open lattice structure used in the system is evaluated. This paper also explains the design concept, material selection considerations, and fine structure of the proposed core scheme composed of 217 fuel rods in a triangular arrangement. On this basis, the analysis of reactor thermal characteristics is carried out. Taking into consideration the gap structure, the fuel rod power distribution and the in-reactor radiation, the three-dimensional fine modeling of the reactor core is established. Ansys Fluent is used to conduct the sensitivity analysis of geometric parameters on the aperture of the axial reflection layer. Calculation results show that the impact of small differences in the aperture of the reflection layer is basically limited to the reflection layer area. The small changes in aperture have little effects on the flow and heat transfer inside the reactor. This work demonstrates the rationality of this scheme for use in lunar research stations, and also contributes to further study of reactor core design optimization.
Modeling and Analysis of VENUS-2 MOX Core Experiment Based on OpenMC Monte Carlo Code
Authors: Zhao Zelong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the VENUS-2 MOX core experiment benchmark is investigated by the OpenMC Monte Carlo code. Results of OpenMC are compared with other code values as well as the experimental values. The core effective multiplication factor, the axial fission rate distributions of the fuel pins are basically consistent with experiment values. Furthermore, the VENUS-2 MOX core dosimetry experiment based on the response of different target nuclei detectors is also computed and analyzed. Different reactor dosimetry cross sections libraries are used including the IRDFF-II, IRDF-2002, ENDF/B-VI.8, IRDF-90V2 etc. The computed values of the equivalent fission fluxes are in agreement with the experimental values at most of the measurement positions, and some local results are even better than other procedures such as Al27(n, a) detector. Therefore, the OpenMC Monte Carlo code can provide good prediction accuracy for the measured values of the VENUS-2 MOX core experiment.