bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOCAPE
Authors: Ruppert Simon , Bollinger Klaus , Grohmann Manfred 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 2007 the Austrian architectural firm Coop Himmelb(l)au won an international competition with its design idea for a monolithic, ”slightly twisted“ structure with a multifunctional façade. This design has been largely retained. The organization of the volumes and the urban planning positioning could also be essentially implemented.As a cultural centre, the building unites two independent institutions under one roof: the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) and the Planning Exhibition (PE). Both institutions are housed in rectangular volumes under a covered plaza. Also included are community areas such as an auditorium, conference rooms, multifunctional exhibition halls and service areas. Ramps and escalators lead from the large entrance area to the main level at +10 m. This marks the starting point for tours of the museums. There is a silvery, shiny, softly shaped ”cloud“ in the centre which accommodates a café, bookstores and a museum shop. It also connects the exhibition rooms over several floors via bridges and ramps.The transparent façade highlights the main entrance and circulation zone between the two buildings and allows unobstructed views between the inside and outside. The open, column‐free exhibition areas with heights from 6 to 17 m also strengthen the impression of a generous design concept.
The emerging importance of noncoding RNAs in the insecticide tolerance, with special emphasis on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Vaschetto Luis María , Beccacece Hernán Mario 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently generated high‐throughput sequencing data sets have shed light on the important regulatory roles of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules in the development of higher organisms. Nowadays it is well‐known that regulatory ncRNAs can bind complementary RNA or DNA sequences and recruit chromatin remodelers to selectively modulate gene expression. Consequently, genome sequencing and transcriptomics technologies are now being used to reveal hidden associations among ncRNAs and distinct biological mechanisms. This is the case for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, a worldwide pest known to infest cruciferous crops and to display resistance to most insecticides, including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides. In P. xylostella, it is thought that ncRNAs could play important roles in both development and insecticide resistance. This review will highlight recent insights into the roles of ncRNAs in P. xylostella and related lepidopterans, and will outline genetic engineering technologies which might be used to design efficient ncRNA‐based pest control strategies.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Classical and emerging techniques to identify and quantify localized RNAs
Authors: Taliaferro J. Matthew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn essentially every cell, proteins are asymmetrically distributed according to their function. For many genes, this protein sorting problem is solved by transporting RNA molecules encoding the protein, rather than the protein itself, to the desired subcellular location. The protein is then translated on‐site to immediately produce a correctly localized protein. This strategy is widely used as thousands of RNAs localize to distinct locations across diverse cell types and species. One of the fundamental challenges to study this process is the determination of the subcellular spatial distribution of any given RNA. The number of tools available for the study of RNA localization, from classical and state‐of‐the‐art methods for the visualization of individual RNA molecules within cells to the profiling of localized transcriptomes, is rapidly growing. These include imaging‐based approaches, a variety of biochemical and mechanical fractionation techniques, and proximity‐labeling methods. These procedures allow for both the detailed study of the molecular requirements for the localization of individual RNA molecules and computational studies of RNA transport on a genomic scale. Together, they have the ability to allow insight into the regulatory principles that govern the localization of diverse RNAs. These new techniques provide the framework for integrating our knowledge of the regulation of RNA localization with that of other posttranscriptional processes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
A Systematic Review on the Synoptic Operative Report Versus the Narrative Operative Report in Surgery
Authors: Eryigit Özgür , van de Graaf Floyd W. , Lange Johan F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundProper documentation is an essential part of patient safety and quality of care in the surgical field. Surgical procedures are traditionally documented in narrative operative reports which are subjective by nature and often lack essential information. This systematic review will analyze the added value of the newly emerged synoptic reporting technique in the surgical setting.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to compare the completeness and the user‐friendliness of the synoptic operative report to the narrative operative report. A literature search was performed in EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for studies published up to April 6, 2018. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was utilized for the risk of bias assessment of the included articles. PROSPERO registration number was: CRD42018093770.ResultsOverall and subsection completion of the operative report was higher in the synoptic operative report. The time until completion of the operative report and the data extraction time were shorter in the synoptic report. One exception was the specific details section concerning the operative procedure, as this was generally reported more frequently in the narrative report. The use of mandatory fields in the synoptic report resulted in more completely reported operative outcomes with completion percentages close to 100%.ConclusionsThe synoptic operative report generally demonstrated a higher completion rate and a much lower time until completion compared to the traditional narrative operative report. A hybrid approach to the synoptic operative report will potentially yield better completion rates and higher physician satisfaction.
Brain atrophy in primary age‐related tauopathy is linked to transactive response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa
Authors: Josephs Keith A. , Murray Melissa E. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrimary age‐related tauopathy (PART) is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and absent‐minimal β‐amyloid deposition. Transactive response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43), a third protein, has recently garnished a lot of attention in Alzheimer's disease where it is associated with memory loss and amygdala and hippocampal atrophy. We aimed to determine whether TDP‐43 is associated with brain atrophy in PART.MethodsWe assessed the frequency of TDP‐43 in PART and performed voxel‐level analysis in SPM12, as well as region‐of‐interest analysis using linear regression modeling, controlling for variables of interest, to assess for associations between TDP‐43 and brain atrophy.ResultsOf 116 PART cases, 31 (26.7%) had TDP‐43. The presence of TDP‐43 was associated with significantly greater amygdala, hippocampal, and anterior temporal atrophy in both the region‐of‐interest and the voxel level analyses.DiscussionTDP‐43 is associated with greater brain atrophy in PART.
The analytics lifecycle and the age of innovation
Authors: Jewell Nick 
Published: May 2019

A huge number of businesses and organisations of all sizes, from the world's biggest, to small, local companies manage themselves using data to direct their energies. Analytics is at the forefront of modern business management. These are the thoughts that Dave Wells, practice director for data management at Eckerson Group, puts forward in the report ‘The New Analytics Lifecycle’. 1 Organisations of all sizes use data to direct their energies. Analytics is at the forefront of modern business management. Yet with the continuing snowballing of data resources, access privileges and the technology stack to support them, security and governance have not been kept top of mind within the analytics lifecycle. An organisation needs to understand from top to bottom the data owners, flows and processes it has and then map onto these new ways of doing business that will keep them compliant and customer-centric, says Nick Jewell of Alteryx.
Comparison of ventilation during exercise in horses wearing half- and full-face masks
Authors: Marlin D.J. , Adams V. , Greenwood A. , Case E. , Roberts M. , Deaton C.M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that the placement of a face mask on a horse can have effects on ventilation, gas exchange and the cardiovascular system during exercise. The aim of the present study was to determine if airflow and ventilation measured with the same ultrasonic flowmeters were different during exercise between horses wearing half- (HM) and full-face (FM) masks. Five clinically healthy Thoroughbred horses with no history of respiratory disease were studied in an unbalanced crossover design. They were exercised on a treadmill at speeds between 1.7 and 11ms−1on a 3° incline wearing both masks. The following variables were recorded: peak inspired (PIF) and peak expired flow rates (PEF), inspiratory tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (fR), inspiratory minute ventilation (VE), inspiratory time, (TI), expiratory time (TE), total breath time (TT), end tidal oxygen (ETO2), end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and heart rate (HR). A mask by speed of exercise interaction term was not significant for any of the models. The PEF (mean difference 12.91s−1; lower and upper 95% CI 7.6 and 18.21s−1, respectively;P<0.0001) and ETO2(mean difference 0.77%; lower and upper 95% CI 0.48 and 1.00%, respectively;P<0.0001) were significantly greater and ETCO2was significantly lower (mean difference −1.3%; lower and upper 95% CI −2.0 and 0.7%, respectively;P<0.0001) with the FM compared with the HM. There was also a trend for inspiredVEto be higher with the FM compared with the HM (mean difference 1021min−1; lower and upper 95% CI 26 and 1781 min−1, respectively; non-significant). We conclude that the HM may impair ventilation in the horse during exercise compared with the FM, despite the latter having a greater deadspace.
High-extraction-efficiency, nanosecond bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses
Authors: Yu Tiancheng , Guo Jiangtao , Xia Gang , Zhang Xiang , Gao Fan , Wang Jiangfeng , Fan Wei , Yuan Xiao 
Published: May 2019

The output performances of a bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses are demonstrated. Compared to the extraction efficiency of 32% for single-pulse injection, the extraction efficiency of stored energy for twin-pulse injection with bidirectional propagation is increased to 60%. The maximum output energies of the twin pulses are 347 mJ and 351 mJ, and the output energy of a single pulse is only 373 mJ under the same amplifier operating conditions. The experimental results show that the bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses can achieve a higher extraction efficiency of stored energy at a lower operating fluence, and has potential applications in high-power and high-energy laser facilities.
Running a mentalization-based treatment (MBT) programme within a public community adult mental health service setting: a feasibility study
Authors: Beattie D. , Murphy S. , Jamieson S. , Lee A. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:This article aimed to address the feasibility of mentalization-based treatment (MBT) for patients with personality disorder in a non-specialist setting. The development and implementation of an MBT Programme is described.Methods:A multidisciplinary Consult Group met to plan the implementation of the programme. Participants attended a psychoeducation group (MBT Introductory Group), then weekly individual and group therapy. Fourteen participants started the full programme with eight completing at least 9 months, complete data are available for five participants who completed 27 months (first cohort) and 21 months (second cohort). Data include quantitative measures and qualitative questionnaires/interviews. All had a diagnosis of personality dysfunction with co-morbid disorder including anxiety/depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and eating disorder.Results:Data on five participants revealed reductions in global level of distress, improvements in psychological well-being, less interpersonal difficulties and better work and social functioning. Qualitative data from feedback questionnaires (n = 18) and in-depth interview (n = 2) are discussed under the themes of mentalizing, treatment feedback/outcomes and group factors. Therapist reflections on the process identify the challenges involved in implementing a specialist psychotherapy programme within a general service and learning points from this are discussed.Conclusions:MBT is an acceptable treatment for patients with personality dysfunction. Prior to the implementation of a programme, factors at the therapist, team and organizational level, as well as the wider context, need to be examined. This is to ensure that conditions are in place for proper adherence to the model to achieve the positive outcomes demonstrated in the RCT studies.
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda—genocide—conspiracy to commit genocide—complicity in genocide—mens rea—judicial notice
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , Heller Kevin Jon 
Published: May 2019

Prosecutor v. Karemera, Ngirumpatse, & Nzirorera. Case No. ICTR-98-44-AR73(C). Decision on Prosecutor's Interlocutory Appeal of Decision on Judicial Notice. At <http://www.ictr.org>.International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Appeals Chamber, June 16, 2006.In an interlocutory appeal in Prosecutor v. Karemera, the appeals chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) held that the commission of genocide against the Tutsis in 1994 is a “fact of common knowledge” of which trial chambers must take judicial notice (Appeals Decision, paras. 35, 38). The decision represents a significant reversal in ICTR practice: although some trial chambers have been willing to take notice of “widespread and systematic attacks” against Tutsis in Rwanda, they have uniformly insisted that the question of whether the attacks amounted to genocide is so fundamental that formal proof is required.As noted in the indictment, Edouard Karemera and Jospeh Nzirorera were minister-level officials in the Rwanda’ interim government (Indictment, paras. 1, 3) and served, along with Mathieu Ngirumpatse, as the national executive leadership of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND) (id., para. 9). They are charged with, inter alia, conspiracy to commit genocide, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, genocide, and—alternatively—complicity in genocide (id.). The prosecution alleges that they created, recruited, and organized the Interahamwe, the vicious youth wing of the MRND; provided members of the Interahamwe with weapons and military training; and helped formulate and implement policies of the interim government of April 8, 1994, that were intended to incite, encourage, and abet killings of Tutsis (id., para. 14).
Aguas del Tunari, S.A. v. Republic of Bolivia. ICSID Case no. ARB/02/3. Jurisdiction. 20 ICSID
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , Vandevelde Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2019

Aguas Del Tunari, S.A. v. Republic of Bolivia, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/3. Jurisdiction. 20 ICSID Review: Foreign Investment Law Journal 450 (2005).International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, October 21, 2005.In Aguas del Tunari v. Republic of Bolivia, an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal held that it had jurisdiction under the Netherlands-Bolivia bilateral investment treaty (BIT) over a claim against Bolivia brought by a Bolivian company owned primarily by two companies— one American and one Spanish—through Dutch intermediaries. The tribunal found that the Dutch intermediaries “controlled” the Bolivian company and that jurisdiction existed notwithstanding that the dispute related to a concession agreement with a choice-of-forum clause designating Bolivian courts.The origin of the dispute lay in Bolivia's attempt in the late 1990s to privatize the water service in Cochabamba, its third largest city. In September 1999, Bolivia awarded a forty-year concession agreement to a Bolivian company, Aguas del Tunari, S.A. (AdT), for the exclusive provision of water services in the city.
Autonomous Stairwell Ascent
Authors: Ilhan B. Deniz , Johnson Aaron M. , Koditschek D. E. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper documents autonomous multi-floor stairwell ascent by a legged robot. This is made possible through empirically deployed sequential composition of several reactive controllers, with perceptually triggered transitions. This composition relies on simplified assumptions regarding the robot’s sensory capabilities, its level of mobility, and the environment it operates in. The discrepancies between these assumptions and the physical reality are capably handled by the intrinsic motor competence of the robot. This behavior is implemented on the legged RHex platform and experiments spanning 10 different stairwells with various challenges are conducted.
L'enfant à naître et l'« héritier sien »
Authors: Thomas Yan 
Published: May 2019

RésuméLa jurisprudence romaine des droits de l’enfant à naître ne s’appuyait pas sur des considérations d’ordre génétique, ni sur telle ou telle conception de la vie embryonnaire. Les juristes anciens ne s’interrogeaient pas sur le substrat physique de l’existence humaine, ni sur les seuils de son développement, à la manière des physiciens et des médecins, ou plus tard des théologiens. Pour penser l’enfant à naître comme sujet de droit, ils avaient à se poser de tout autres questions. Bien des conclusions générales peuvent en être tirées, à condition d’en saisir les contours. Le problème était soulevé exclusivement à propos de la vocation successorale des enfants nés après la mort de leur père. Plus précisément, la discussion se nouait autour de la figure civile de l’« héritier sien », qui succédait à son ascendant mâle à condition d’avoir été assujetti à sa puissance au moment même où il mourait(potestas morientis). Conférer les droits d’un « héritier sien » à un posthume, cela contraignait dès lors à prolonger l’existence juridique du mort jusqu’à la naissance de l’enfant. Par cet ajustement, le droit suppléait aux interruptions et aux vacances du pouvoir, assurant la continuité des relais de la puissance. L’examen d’un cas-limite invite ainsi à soulever un coin du voile et à découvrir, bien au-delà des mécanismes de la filiation et du droit successoral, une véritable architecture juridique de la vie. La succession aux biens n’opérait pas en raison d’une transmission génétique, mais par la grâce d’un pouvoir qui doublait la vie et lui était d’une certaine manière substitué. C’est la raison pour laquelle le droit civil romain eut aussi à découper, dans un temps généalogique commun aux vivants et aux morts, des segments de durée propres à un pouvoir qui ne lie que des vivants contemporains les uns des autres – quitte à prolonger dans certains cas l’existence fictive des morts. Tel est précisément l’enjeu du droit des posthumes, dont les opérations intéressent les conditions élémentaires du pouvoir, plutôt que les données génétiques et physiques de la vie.
On the role of different age groups during pertussis epidemics in California, 2010 and 2014
Authors: Mahmud A. S. , Lipsitch M. , Goldstein E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is limited information on the roles of different age groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. The relative roles of different age groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group's proportion among all detected cases beforevs. after the epidemic peak. For the 2010–11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08–1.46) (aged 11–13 years); 1.19 (1.01–1.4) (aged 9–10 years); 1.17 (0.86–1.59) (aged 14–15 years); 1.12 (0.86–1.46) (aged 16–19 years) and 1.1 (0.89–1.36) (aged 7–8 years). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those aged 14–15 years (RR = 1.83, 1.61–2.07), followed by adolescents aged 16–19 years (RR = 1.41, 1.24–1.61) and 11–13 years (RR = 1.26, 1.12–1.41), with lower RR estimates in other age groups. As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
Using the Tolerance Principle to predict phonological change
Authors: Sneller Betsy , Fruehwald Josef , Yang Charles 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLanguage acquisition is a well-established avenue for language change (Labov, 2007). Given the theoretical importance of language acquisition to language change, it is all the more important to formulate clear theories of transmission-based change. In this paper, we provide a simulation method designed to test the plausibility of different possible transmission-based changes, using the Tolerance Principle (Yang, 2016) to determine precise points at which different possible changes may become plausible for children acquiring language. We apply this method to a case study of a complex change currently in progress: the allophonic restructuring of /æ/ in Philadelphia English. Using this model, we are able to evaluate several competing explanations of the ongoing change and determine that the allophonic restructuring of /æ/ in Philadelphia English is mostly likely the result of children acquiring language from mixed dialect input, consisting of approximately 40% input from speakers with a nasal /æ/ split. We show that applying our simulation to a phonological change allows us to make precise quantitative predications about the progress of this change. Moreover, it forces us to reassess intuitively plausible hypotheses about language change, such as grammatical simplification, in a quantitative and independently motivated framework of acquisition.