bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk for a second primary hypopharyngeal and esophageal cancer after an initial primary oral cancer
Authors: Su William Wang‐Yu , Chuang Shu‐Lin , Yen Amy Ming‐Fang , Chen Sam Li‐Sheng , Fann Jean Ching‐Yuan , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia , Chiu Han‐Mo , Su Chiu‐Wen , Hsu Chen‐Yang , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Lee Yi‐Chia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk for second primary cancer in the hypopharynx and esophagus (SPC‐HE) among individuals with an initial oral/oropharyngeal cancer.Materials and MethodsMass screening data from Taiwan (2004–2009) included individuals who were ≥18 years old and smoked cigarettes and/or chewed betel quid. Occurrence of SPC‐HE was monitored until December 31, 2014. Results were expressed as adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐eight out of 4,494 subjects with oral cancer developed SPC‐HE (incidence rate: 6.47 per 1,000 person‐years). Relative to patients with primary cancers in the lip, the risk of an SPC‐HE was higher in patients with primary cancers in oropharynx (aRR: 19.98, 95% CI: 4.72–84.55), floor of mouth (aRR: 12.13, 95% CI: 2.67–55.15), and hard palate (aRR: 7.31, 95% CI: 1.65–32.37), but not in patients with cancers in tongue (aRR: 3.67, 95% CI: 0.89–15.17) or gum (aRR: 3.99, 95% CI: 0.92–17.35). Regression analyses also showed the risk of an SPC‐HE was greater in alcohol drinkers than those who did not (aRR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.10–2.48).ConclusionsCompared with the initial cancer in the lip, patients with a cancer in the oropharynx, floor of mouth, and hard palate had a higher risk for the SPC‐HE.
Influence of bisphosphonates on clinical features of osteoradionecrosis of the maxilla and mandible
Authors: Miniello Thaís Gimenez , Araújo Juliane Pirágine , Silva Maria Letícia Gobo , Paulo Kowalski Luiz , Rocha André Caroli , Jaguar Graziella Chagas , Abreu Alves Fábio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and purposeOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) is one of the most severe adverse effects of radiotherapy (RT) to the head and neck region. Medication‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw has been reported among patients using bisphosphonates. However, the impact of RT on osteonecrosis in patients using bisphosphonates has not yet been described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare ORN characteristics between patients who use and do not use bisphosphonates.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study evaluated 96 patients with ORN of the jaw. Patients were divided into group I (patients who did not receive bisphosphonates, n = 83) and group II (patients who did receive bisphosphonates, n = 13). Clinical data were obtained from medical charts.ResultsOsteoradionecrosis more often involved the mandibular jaw than the maxillary jaw for both patient groups. However, maxillary involvement was more common among patients who received bisphosphonates than those who did not (p = 0.014). There was also a trend toward earlier development of ORN in the group that received bisphosphonates (p = 0.21).ConclusionsBisphosphonate use appears to contribute to earlier development of ORN. Long‐term prospective studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis of ORN in patients treated with combined radiation and bisphosphonate therapy.
What is known about the spirituality in older adults living in residential care facilities? An Integrative review
Authors: Gautam Sital , Neville Stephen , Montayre Jed 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo synthesize evidence regarding the spiritual needs and care of older adults living in residential care facilities from the perspectives of older adults and nurses or caregivers.DesignIntegrative review of literature.Data sourcesLiterature search was conducted using CINAHL Plus with Full Text via EBSCO, Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and ProQuest Social Science Databases from March to December 2017.Review methodsThis integrative review utilised the Whittemore and Knafl framework and PRISMA in the selection of eligible articles. Quality of the articles was evaluated using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool.ResultsSeven articles were reviewed and analysed. There is limited evidence \and no agreed definition of spiritual needs and care of older adults living in residential care facilities. Spiritual needs of older adults in residential care facilities is a psycho‐social, religious and existential construct. Spiritual care in residential care facilities is linked to information gathering, religious guidance, maintaining family connections, providing companionship, discussing end of life issues, and providing counseling. Older adults highly value the role of nurses and caregivers in fulfilling their spiritual needs and providing spiritual care. However, nurses and caregivers perceived arranging a referral to a religious advisor as the main aspect of spiritual care. Therefore, nurses’, caregivers’, and older adults’ views on spiritual care differed to some extent.ConclusionThe practical aspects of spiritual needs assessment and spiritual care provision requires further investigation, which is essential to improve the effectiveness of service delivery in residential care facilities.
A wheat NAC interacts with an orphan protein and enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight disease
Authors: Perochon Alexandre , Kahla Amal , Vranić Monika , Jia Jianguang , Malla Keshav B. , Craze Melanie , Wallington Emma , Doohan Fiona M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTaxonomically‐restricted orphan genes play an important role in environmental adaptation, as recently demonstrated by the fact that the Pooideae‐specific orphan TaFROG (Triticum aestivum Fusarium Resistance Orphan Gene) enhanced wheat resistance to the economically devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. Like most orphan genes, little is known about the cellular function of the encoded protein TaFROG, other than it interacts with the central stress regulator TaSnRK1α. Here, we functionally characterized a wheat (T. aestivum) NAC–like transcription factor TaNACL‐D1 that interacts with TaFROG and investigated its’ role in FHB using studies to assess motif analyses, yeast transactivation, protein‐protein interaction, gene expression and the disease response of wheat lines overexpressing TaNACL‐D1. TaNACL‐D1 is a Poaceae‐divergent NAC transcription factor that encodes a Triticeae‐specific protein C‐terminal region with transcriptional activity and a nuclear localisation signal. The TaNACL‐D1/TaFROG interaction was detected in yeast and confirmed in planta, within the nucleus. Analysis of multi‐protein interactions indicated that TaFROG could form simultaneously distinct protein complexes with TaNACL‐D1 and TaSnRK1α in planta. TaNACL‐D1 and TaFROG are co‐expressed as an early response to both the causal fungal agent of FHB, Fusarium graminearum and its virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON). Wheat lines overexpressing TaNACL‐D1 were more resistant to FHB disease than wild type plants. Thus, we conclude that the orphan protein TaFROG interacts with TaNACL‐D1, a NAC transcription factor that forms part of the disease response evolved within the Triticeae.
TypeLoader2: Automated submission of novel HLA and killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor alleles in full length
Authors: Schöne Bianca , Fuhrmann Markus , Surendranath Vineeth , Schmidt Alexander H. , Lange Vinzenz , Schöfl Gerhard 
Published: March 2019

The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) databases provide global, curated repositories for information regarding polymorphisms of genes of the immune system, thereby generating immense value for the research and clinical communities. The advent of high‐throughput genotyping in immunogenetics has led to dramatically growing numbers of heretofore unknown HLA and lately also killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) alleles, which are to be curated and deposited in the IPD‐IMGT/HLA and IPD‐KIR databases, respectively. It is highly desirable that these novel alleles are characterised and submitted in full length, and that known alleles are extended to cover the complete gene sequence.However, the manual annotation and submission of sequences to European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Nucleotide Archive and the IPD‐IMGT/HLA and IPD‐KIR databases is time‐consuming and error‐prone. Here, we report the substantial extension of the HLA allele submission tool TypeLoader, which now also supports the annotation and submission of KIR alleles. To enable a more widespread use of this tool, we have made it available as a stand‐alone application that can easily be installed on standard Windows or Linux computers. Furthermore, an internal SQLite database was added to store a wide range of metadata about each allele. This allows TypeLoader2 to be used as a lab's central information platform for the annotation, curation and submission of full‐length HLA and KIR allele sequences. The software is freely available from GitHub (https://github.com/DKMS-LSL/typeloader).We hope that the increased convenience and scope of TypeLoader2 will foster the submission of more full‐length sequences to the IPD‐IMGT/HLA and IPD‐KIR databases, ultimately promoting the use of full‐length sequencing for genotyping both HLA and KIR.
Clinical performance among recent graduates in nine low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Lewis Todd P. , Roder‐DeWan Sanam , Malata Address , Ndiaye Youssoupha , Kruk Margaret E. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectivesRecent studies have identified large and systematic deficits in clinical care in low‐income countries that are likely to limit health gains. This has focused attention on effectiveness of pre‐service education. One approach to assessing this is observation of clinical performance among recent graduates providing care. However, no studies have assessed performance in a standard manner across countries. We analysed clinical performance among recently graduated providers in nine low‐ or middle‐income countries.MethodsService Provision Assessments from Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nepal, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda were used. We constructed a Good Medical Practice Index that assesses completion of essential clinical actions using direct observations of care (range 0–1), calculated index scores by country and clinical cadre, and assessed the role of facility and clinical characteristics using regression analysis.ResultsOur sample consisted of 2223 clinicians with at least one observation of care. The Good Medical Practice score for the sample was 0.50 (SD = 0.20). Nurses and midwives had the highest score at 0.57 (SD = 0.20), followed by associate clinicians at 0.43 (SD = 0.18), and physicians at 0.42 (SD = 0.16). The average national performance varied from 0.63 (SD = 0.18) in Uganda to 0.39 (SD = 0.17) in Nepal, persisting after adjustment for facility and clinician characteristics.ConclusionsThese results show substantial gaps in clinical performance among recently graduated clinicians, raising concerns about models of clinical education. Competency‐based education should be considered to improve quality of care in LMICs. Observations of care offer important insight into the quality of clinical education.
Genetic screen for factors mediating PIN polarization in gravistimulated Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls
Authors: Rakusová Hana , Han Huibin , Valošek Petr , Friml Jiří 
Published: March 2019

SummaryGravitropism is an adaptive response that orients plant growth parallel to the gravity vector. Asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin is a necessary prerequisite to the tropic bending both in roots and shoots. During hypocotyl gravitropic response, the PIN3 auxin transporter polarizes within gravity‐sensing cells to redirect intercellular auxin fluxes. First gravity‐induced PIN3 polarization to the bottom cell membranes leads to the auxin accumulation at the lower side of the organ, initiating bending and, later, auxin feedback‐mediated repolarization restores symmetric auxin distribution to terminate bending. Here, we performed a forward genetic screen to identify regulators of both PIN3 polarization events during gravitropic response. We searched for mutants with defective PIN3 polarizations based on easy‐to‐score morphological outputs of decreased or increased gravity‐induced hypocotyl bending. We identified the number of hypocotyl reduced bending (hrb) and hypocotyl hyperbending (hhb) mutants, revealing that reduced bending correlated typically with defective gravity‐induced PIN3 relocation whereas all analyzed hhb mutants showed defects in the second, auxin‐mediated PIN3 relocation. Next‐generation sequencing‐aided mutation mapping identified several candidate genes, including SCARECROW and ACTIN2, revealing roles of endodermis specification and actin cytoskeleton in the respective gravity‐ and auxin‐induced PIN polarization events. The hypocotyl gravitropism screen thus promises to provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying cell polarity and plant adaptive development.
Adverse transfusion reactions in patients with aplastic anaemia or myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Moncharmont Pierre , Quittançon Elodie , Barday Grégory , Benamara Abdelhalim ,   les Correspondants d'Hémovigilance et de sécurité transfusionnelle Auvergne Rhône Alpes
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesPatients with aplastic anaemia or myelodysplastic syndromes frequently receive transfusions in an attempt to correct anaemia and/or thrombocytopenia, putting them at risk of adverse transfusion reactions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and the types of adverse transfusion reactions in these patients.Materials and MethodsAdverse transfusion reaction reported in transfused patients with aplastic anaemia or myelodysplastic syndromes from all the hospitals in the Auvergne‐Rhône‐Alpes region of France were extracted from the national haemovigilance database system and analysed. The types of adverse transfusion reactions, their incidence, their severity, the blood component involved and its imputability were evaluated.ResultsFrom 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2016, 7174 adverse transfusion reactions were reported. Seventy adverse transfusion reactions (0·9%) were reported in patients with aplastic anaemia and 193 (2·7%) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reaction was the most common reaction both aplastic anaemia (23 cases, 33·0%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (56 cases, 29·0%). Post‐transfusion red blood cell alloimmunization was also high in both these groups (17·1% in patients with aplastic anaemia and 22·3% in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome) frequently involving anti‐JK1 (Jka) specificity.ConclusionFebrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reaction was the most common adverse transfusion reaction in patients with aplastic anaemia or myelodysplastic syndromes who received transfusions. Post‐transfusion red blood cell alloimmunization was also observed frequently, but the use of RH‐KEL 1 (Rhesus‐Kell)‐matched red blood cell concentrates reduces this risk.
Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease
Authors: Petkov Emanouil P. , Lesser Arnold S. , Lozier Scott M. , Maguire Patrick J. , Fischetti Anthony J. , Ahn Jaeil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the magnitude and direction of radial torsion (RT) in dogs with medial compartment disease (MCD).Study designCase‐control study.Sample populationTwenty‐eight healthy dogs and 28 dogs with confirmed MCD.MethodsComputed tomography images of each dog's antebrachium were evaluated. Radial torsion was measured by using previously described landmarks on the proximal and distal radius. Differences between groups were tested with Student's t tests and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.ResultsHealthy dogs had a mean RT angle of 3.44° (range, 1.28°‐5.44°). Dogs with MCD had a mean RT angle of 11.84° (range, 2.31°‐26.55°). Both groups included similar proportions of dogs with external (76% vs 77%) and internal (24% vs 23%) torsion. The direction of torsion (P = .21 and P = .69) did not appear to affect the magnitude of the RT angle.ConclusionDogs with MCD had an increased RT angle compared with healthy controls. The direction of torsion varied similarly between groups regardless of the disease status of dogs in this study.Clinical significanceThe fourfold increase in the RT seen in dogs with MCD may contribute to the rotational overload proposed recently, potentially modifying the orientation of the elliptical radial head and the ligaments crossing the elbow joint.
Quantitative assessment of nocturnal neural respiratory drive in children with and without obstructive sleep apnoea using surface EMG
Authors: Chuang Sandra Y. , Teng Arthur , Butler Jane , Gandevia Simon , Narang Indra , Briggs Nancy , Selvadurai Hiran , Jaffe Adam 
Published: March 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Recent studies have suggested potential utility of non‐normalized respiratory muscle EMG as an index of neural respiratory drive (NRD). Whether NRD measured using non‐normalized surface EMG of the lateral chest wall overlying the diaphragm (sEMGcw) recorded during nocturnal clinical polysomnography can differentiate children with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is not known.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Non‐normalized sEMGcw was increased in children with OSA and an additional group of snoring children without OSA but subjectively increased respiratory effort compared with primary snorers. The sEMGcw has potential clinical utility in evaluation of children with sleep‐disordered breathing as an objective, non‐invasive, non‐volitional marker of NRD.

AbstractOur aim was to investigate whether neural respiratory drive measured by non‐normalized surface EMG recorded from the chest wall overlying the diaphragm (sEMGcw) differentiates children with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Polysomnography data of children aged 0–18 years were divided into the following three groups: (i) primary snorers (PS); (ii) snoring children without OSA but with increased work of breathing (incWOB; subjective physician report of increased respiratory effort during sleep); and (iii) children with OSA [obstructive apnoea–hypopnoea index (OAHI) >1 h−1]. Excerpts of sEMGcw obtained during tidal unobstructed breathing from light, deep and rapid eye movement sleep were exported for quantitative analysis. Overnight polysomnography data from 45 PS [median age 4.4 years (interquartile range 3.0–7.7 years), OAHI 0 h−1 (0.0–0.2 h−1)], 19 children with incWOB [age 2.8 years (2.4–5.7 years), OAHI 0.1 h−1 (0.0–0.4 h−1)] and 27 children with OSA [age 3.6 years (2.6–6.2 years), OAHI 3.7 h−1 (2.3–6.9 h−1)] were analysed. The sEMGcw was higher in those with OSA [8.47 μV (5.98–13.07 μV); P < 0.0001] and incWOB [8.97 μV (5.94–13.43 μV); P < 0.001] compared with PS [4.633 μV (2.98–6.76 μV)]. There was no significant difference in the sEMGcw between children with incWOB and OSA (P = 0.78). Log sEMGcw remained greater in children with OSA and incWOB compared with PS after age, body mass index centiles, sleep stages and sleep positions were included in the mixed linear models (P < 0.0001). The correlation between sEMGcw and OAHI in children without OSA was small (rs = 0.254, P = 0.04). The sEMGcw is increased in children with OSA and incWOB compared with PS.
Congenital left heart obstruction: ethnic variation in incidence and infant survival
Authors: Cloete Elza , Sadler Lynn , Bloomfield Frank H , Crengle Sue , Percival Teuila , Gentles Thomas L 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between ethnicity and health outcomes among fetuses and infants with congenital left heart obstruction (LHO).DesignA retrospective population-based review was conducted of fetuses and infants with LHO including all terminations, stillbirths and live births from 20 weeks’ gestation in New Zealand over a 9-year period. Disease incidence and mortality were analysed by ethnicity and by disease type: hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), aortic arch obstruction (AAO), and aortic valve and supravalvular anomalies (AVSA).ResultsCritical LHO was diagnosed in 243 fetuses and newborns. There were 125 with HLHS, 112 with AAO and 6 with isolated AVSA. The incidence of LHO was significantly higher among Europeans (0.59 per 1000) compared with Māori (0.31 per 1000; p<0.001) and Pacific peoples (0.27 per 1000; p=0.002). Terminations were uncommon among Māori and Pacific peoples. Total case fatality was, however, lower in Europeans compared with other ethnicities (42% vs 63%; p=0.002) due to a higher surgical intervention rate and better infant survival. The perinatal and infant mortality rate was 82% for HLHS, 15% for AAO and 2% for AVSA.ConclusionHLHS carries a high perinatal and infant mortality risk. There are ethnic differences in the incidence of and mortality from congenital LHO with differences in mortality rate suggesting inequities may exist in the perinatal management pathway.
Inverted papilloma of the conjunctiva
Authors: Ramberg Ingvild , Sjö Nicolai Christian , Bonde Jesper Hansen , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study is to describe the clinical and histopathological features of conjunctival inverted papilloma, to analyse for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), and to determine if HPV infection is associated with this type of tumour and its inverted growth pattern.Methods and AnalysisCases of conjunctival inverted papillomas were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Patient records and pathology reports were reviewed. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue was analysed for the presence of HPV by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation (ISH), PCR and HPV typed by sequencing.ResultsA total of four cases were retrieved. The age at diagnosis ranged from 41 to 77 years, with an equal sex distribution. All lesions were localised to the bulbar conjunctiva and two of the cases were pigmented. Histopathological examination did not reveal areas of dysplasia. All lesions were p16-positive and p53-positive by immunohistochemistry. High-risk HPV 58 was demonstrated in one lesion by ISH and PCR.ConclusionHere we present four cases of conjunctival inverted papilloma, which is an exceedingly rare tumour with only 11 previously reported cases in the literature. Both clinically and histopathologically, the tumours show distinct features compared with exophytic conjunctival papillomas. Furthermore, this is the first description of high-risk HPV 58 in a conjunctival tumour. The biological behaviour of the tumour is uncertain due to its rareness. However, a complete removal of the lesion and a careful observation are recommended. The finding of HPV 58 underlines the necessity of this precaution.
A systematic expansion of running couplings and masses
Authors: Chishtie F. A. , McKeon D. G. C. , Sherry T. N. 
Published: March 2019

As an alternative to directly integrating their defining equations to find the running coupling [Formula: see text] and the running mass [Formula: see text], we expand these quantities in powers of [Formula: see text] and their boundary values [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Renormalization group summation is used to partially sum these logarithms. We consider this approach using both the [Formula: see text] and ’t Hooft renormalization schemes. We also show how the couplings and masses in any two mass independent renormalization schemes are related.