bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a Custom-Synthesized Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Isolation of Total Glucose and Fructose from 100% Fruit Juice Samples Prior to Instrumental Analysis
Authors: Mukami Hawa W. , Batlokwa Bareki S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article presents a novel sample preparation strategy that employed a custom-synthesized glucose - fructose (G-F) specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) powder as an adsorbent for the simultaneous and selective extraction, isolation and pre-concentration of total glucose and fructose from the complex and `dirty` sample matrix of ‘100%’ fruit juices purchased from retail shops in Palapye, Botswana. The prepared G-F MIP powder demonstrated high selectivity, effective extraction and isolation for glucose and fructose from real samples of `100%` fruit juice samples as evidenced by the calculated high extraction efficiencies (EEs) of over 90%, with low percentage relative standard deviations (%RSD) of below 7% for n=6, for both glucose and fructose when compared to the low EEs of below 25% by the non-imprinted polymer (NIP), regarded as the control. Furthermore, the G-F MIP showed lower selectivity towards the analogous molecules; maltose and lactose as supported by the low EEs of below 31%. With the high affinity for glucose and fructose, the selective sample preparation strategy proposed herein presented itself as a potential procedure to be employed to improve the accurate analysis of adulterated artificial sugar sweeteners that are usually illegally added to the so-called `100%` fruit juices by producers to improve their taste.
Crystal structure of methyl 4-methyl-2,5-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate monohydrate C17H15N3O2⋅H2O
Authors: Wang Chuan-Qi , Wang Xiao-Xia , Liu Xiao-Hu , Yang Bin-Yi , Zhong Qi-Di , Zhuang Peng-Yu , Tan Hong-Bo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
C17H15N3O2⋅H2O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.7965(14) Å, b = 11.625(3) Å, c = 12.315(3) Å, α = 76.216(18)°, β = 76.674(18)°, β = 79.158(18)° V = 776.4(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0608, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1574, T = 113 K.
The Option for the Poor and the Phenomenology of Life
Authors: Pastro Vincent J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recently, Catholic teaching and theology have given much attention to “the preferential option for the poor.” Gustavo Gutierrez, OP, who has popularized the phrase, also defines theology as a “reflection on praxis in the light of the word of God.” The praxis of the option for the poor is therefore indispensable to the theological task, for theology must always be “enfleshed” and concrete in the life of the people. This is particularly the case of Latin American theology and strongly emphasized in the magisterium of Pope Francis. The option for the poor has its foundation in who God is and how God is for the people (cf Exod 3:8-15). The option for the poor is grounded in life. Michel Henry’s phenomenology of life provides a logical approach to theological reflection on poverty, justice, and solidarity with the poor. The people of God, the Church community, live the option in concrete praxis. The God of life has a special love and concern for the poor. The poor, and those in solidarity with them, mysteriously experience the divine love and grace in their everyday lives and la lucha por la vida (the struggle for life). In the living, religious experience is intimately grounded.
I legati di Mileto e la pubblicazione delleVerrine: nota a CiceroneVerr.2.1.90
Authors: Ricchieri Tommaso 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiscussion of the chronological problem posed by Cic.Verr.2.1.90, where Cicero states that the legates of Miletus are waiting for the consular elections for 69 AD, yet these had taken place before the start of the trial of Verres. It is proposed to explain this error as a ‘slip’ by Cicero due to the particular circumstances in which theActio secunda in Verremwas published; other cases of Ciceronian ‘author’s errors’ attested in theLetters to Atticusare cited.
Electroless plate of polyaniline-silver composite layer on polyester fibers
Authors: Liu Chang-Chun , Cheng Jin , Li Xiao-Qiang , Yue Pei-Pei , Gu Zhi-Jie , Ogino Kenji 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Antistatic fibers or conductive fibers can be obtained from formation of a metal conductive layer, for example silver, on the surface of polymeric fibers through a redox reaction. However, in the process of fabricating silver-polymer conductive fibers, the binding force between silver and the polymeric fiber matrix is too weak and the poor weather resistance greatly affects the performance of the conductive fibers. This work aims to synthesize composite conductive layers of polyaniline (PANi)-silver coated on polyester fibers to prepare conductive polymeric fibers, in order to improve the combining ability between the conductive layers and the fiber matrix. The morphology, thermostability, mechanical properties, washing resistance and corrosion resistance of the resultant fibers obtained from different synthesis conditions were characterized. Batch experimental results showed that the concentration of the reagent and the reaction time could affect the resistance of the PANi-silver coated conductive fibers. The results also demonstrated that the PANi-silver composite conductive fibers have better properties than those of the silver-polymer conductive fibers.
Do patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for peritoneal malignancy need parenteral nutrition?
Authors: Swain David R. , Yates Allison L. , Mohamed Faheez , Dayal Sanjeev P. , Tzivanakis Alexios , Cecil Tom D. , Moran Brendan J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo analyse the duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients treated for peritoneal malignancy with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) over a 2 year period at a single UK National referral centre.MethodsA retrospective analysis of prospective data for all patients (n=321) who underwent CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal malignancy at the Peritoneal Malignancy Institute Basingstoke between April 1, 2013 and March 31, 2015.Duration of PN was compared between primary tumour site (appendix, colorectal, mesothelioma and other); completeness of CRS (complete CRS vs. major tumour debulking) and pre-operative nutritional assessment measures (including Mid Upper Arm Circumference).ResultsThe median duration of PN was 9 days (range 2–87 days). A total of 13 % of patients had PN for less than 7 days and 6 % for 5 days or less. There was no significant difference in duration of PN between the different tumour sites. Two factors that may increase the duration of PN include having major tumour debulking (MTD) and a baseline MUAC<23.5 cm.ConclusionsMost patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal malignancy required PN for more than 7 days with poor pre-operative nutritional status and inability to achieve complete cytoreduction predictors of prolonged PN requirements.
Die Notwendigkeit ökonomischer Politikberatung für eine evidenzbasierte Bildungspolitik: Verkürzung und Verlängerung der Schulzeit am Gymnasium
Authors: Thomsen Stephan L. , Anger Silke 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungÖkonomische Argumentationsketten haben für bildungspolitische Entscheidungen in Deutschland seit den späten neunziger Jahren an Gewicht gewonnen. Insbesondere die viel diskutierten Reformen der Schulzeitverkürzung am Gymnasium von neun auf acht Jahre (Turbo-Abitur/G8-Reform) wurden ökonomisch begründet. Obwohl eine Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse zu den Wirkungen des G8 verdeutlicht, dass eine Rückkehr zu G9 insgesamt nicht mit positiven Effekten verbunden sein dürfte, haben fünf Bundesländer kürzlich die neuerliche Verlängerung der Gymnasialschulzeit um ein Jahr beschlossen. Dies kann man als schwindenden Einfluss bildungsökonomischer Argumente in der politischen Entscheidungsfindung bewerten. Verantwortlich dafür sind nicht zuletzt das deutsche Wissenschaftssystem sowie seine Ökonominnen und Ökonomen. Eine Verbesserung der Anreize zur Beteiligung an wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, auch durch referierte deutschsprachige Publikationen, erscheint dringend geboten, um die ökonomischen Folgen in künftigen politischen Entscheidungen zu berücksichtigen.
Time-varying asymmetry and tail thickness in long series of daily financial returns
Authors: Mazur Błażej , Pipień Mateusz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We demonstrate that analysis of long series of daily returns should take into account potential long-term variation not only in volatility, but also in parameters that describe asymmetry or tail behaviour. However, it is necessary to use a conditional distribution that is flexible enough, allowing for separate modelling of tail asymmetry and skewness, which requires going beyond the skew-t form. Empirical analysis of 60 years of S&P500 daily returns suggests evidence for tail asymmetry (but not for skewness). Moreover, tail thickness and tail asymmetry is not time-invariant. Tail asymmetry became much stronger at the beginning of the Great Moderation period and weakened after 2005, indicating important differences between the 1987 and the 2008 crashes. This is confirmed by our analysis of out-of-sample density forecasting performance (using LPS and CRPS measures) within two recursive expanding-window experiments covering the events. We also demonstrate consequences of accounting for long-term changes in shape features for risk assessment.
A Note on Spectral Sublinearity for Collections of Positive Compact Operators on Banach Lattices
Authors: Kandić M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper we consider the question when a triangularizable semigroup S of positive compact ideal-triangularizable operators on an order continuous Banach lattice X is ideal-triangularizable. We prove that triangularizability always implies ideal-triangularizability iff X contains at most one atom. Under this condition we connect ideal-triangularizability of S with spectral properties of S. Surprisingly, S is idealtriangularizable iff the spectral radius is subadditive on S iff the spectral radius is submultiplicative on S. We also consider a pair of positive compact operators A and T with the property that A has a T-stable spectrum.
Periodic Fitness Testing: Not Just for Athletes Anymore
Authors: Peterson David D. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONALS, PERSONAL TRAINERS, AND COMPETITIVE ATHLETES HAVE LONG USED PERIODIC FITNESS TESTING AS AN EFFECTIVE TRAINING PRACTICE. THIS CONCEPT IS RARELY USED, HOWEVER, BY THE NOVICE EXERCISER OR GENERAL PUBLIC. IN ADDITION, MOST OF THE CURRENT FITNESS TESTS ASSESS ONLY A FEW OF THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF FITNESS. UNLIKE CURRENT FITNESS TESTS, THE PROPOSED ASSESSMENT EVALUATES 10 OF THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF FITNESS, THEREBY PROVIDING USERS WITH A MORE COMPLETE OVERVIEW OF THEIR CURRENT FITNESS. IN ADDITION, IF USERS ARE FOUND DEFICIENT IN A PARTICULAR COMPONENT(S) OF FITNESS, THE PROPOSED ASSESSMENT PROVIDES SPECIFIC TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT.
Nonlinear Lateral Interactions in V1 Population Responses Explained by a Contrast Gain Control Model
Authors: Michel Melchi M. , Chen Yuzhi , Seidemann Eyal , Geisler Wilson S. 
Published: October 2018

How do cortical responses to local image elements combine to form a spatial pattern of population activity in primate V1? Here, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging, which measures summed membrane potential activity, to examine the rules that govern lateral interactions between the representations of two small local-oriented elements in macaque (Macaca mulatta) V1. We find strong subadditive and mostly orientation-independent interactions for nearby elements [2–4 mm interelement cortical distance (IED)] that gradually become linear at larger separations (>6 mm IED). These results are consistent with a population gain control model describing nonlinear V1 population responses to single oriented elements. However, because of the membrane potential-to-spiking accelerating nonlinearity, the model predicts supra-additive lateral interactions of spiking responses for intermediate separations at a range of locations between the two elements, consistent with some prior facilitatory effects observed in electrophysiology and psychophysics. Overall, our results suggest that population-level lateral interactions in V1 are primarily explained by a simple orientation-independent contrast gain control mechanism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInteractions between representations of simple visual elements such as oriented edges in primary visual cortex (V1) are thought to contribute to our ability to easily integrate contours and segment surfaces, but the mechanisms that govern these interactions are primarily unknown. Our study provides novel evidence that lateral interactions at the population level are governed by a simple contrast gain–control mechanism, and we show how this divisive gain–control mechanism can give rise to apparently facilitatory spiking responses.
Abstract Representation of Prospective Reward in the Hippocampus
Authors: Zeithamova Dagmar , Gelman Bernard D. , Frank Lea , Preston Alison R. 
Published: October 2018

Motivation enhances memory by increasing hippocampal engagement during encoding. However, whether such increased hippocampal activation reflects encoding of the value of highly rewarding events per se is less understood. Here, using a monetary incentive encoding task with a novel manipulation, we tested in humans whether the hippocampus represents abstract reward value, independent of perceptual content. During functional MRI scanning, men and women studied object pairs, each preceded by a monetary reward cue indicating the amount of money they would receive if they successfully remembered the object pair at test. Reward cues varied on both the level of reward (penny, dime, and dollar) and visual form (picture or word) across trials to dissociate hippocampal responses to reward value from those reflecting the perceptual properties of the cues. Behaviorally, participants remembered pairs associated with the high reward (dollar) more often than pairs associated with lower rewards. Neural pattern-similarity analysis revealed that hippocampal and parahippocampal cortex activation patterns discriminated between cues of different value regardless of their visual form, and that hippocampal discrimination of value was most pronounced in participants who showed the greatest behavioral sensitivity to reward. Strikingly, hippocampal patterns were most distinct for reward cues that differed in value but had similar visual appearance, consistent with theoretical proposals of hippocampal-pattern differentiation of competing representations. Our data illustrate how contextual representations within the hippocampus go beyond space and time to include information about the motivational salience of events, with hippocampal reward coding tracking the motivational impact on later memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotivation, such as the promise of future rewards, enhances hippocampal engagement during encoding and promotes successful retention of events associated with valuable rewards. However, whether the hippocampus explicitly encodes reward value, dissociable from sensory information, is unclear. Here, we show that the hippocampus forms abstract representation of valuable rewards, encoding conceptual rather than perceptual information about the motivational context of individual events. Reward representation within the hippocampus is associated with preferential retention of high-value events in memory. Furthermore, we show that hippocampal-pattern differentiation serves to emphasize differences between visually similar events with distinct motivational salience. Collectively, these findings indicate that hippocampal contextual representations enable individuals to distinguish the motivational value of events, leading to prioritized encoding of significant memories.
Aggrecan Directs Extracellular Matrix-Mediated Neuronal Plasticity
Authors: Rowlands Daire , Lensjø Kristian K. , Dinh Tovy , Yang Sujeong , Andrews Melissa R. , Hafting Torkel , Fyhn Marianne , Fawcett James W. , Dick Gunnar 
Published: October 2018

In the adult brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) influences recovery after injury, susceptibility to mental disorders, and is in general a strong regulator of neuronal plasticity. The proteoglycan aggrecan is a core component of the condensed ECM structures termed perineuronal nets (PNNs), and the specific role of PNNs on neural plasticity remains elusive. Here, we genetically targeted theAcangene encoding for aggrecan using a novel animal model. This allowed for conditional and targeted loss of aggrecanin vivo, which ablated the PNN structure and caused a shift in the population of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons toward a high plasticity state. Selective deletion of theAcangene in the visual cortex of male adult mice reinstated juvenile ocular dominance plasticity, which was mechanistically identical to critical period plasticity. Brain-wide targeting improved object recognition memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe study provides the first direct evidence of aggrecan as the main functional constituent and orchestrator of perineuronal nets (PNNs), and that loss of PNNs by aggrecan removal induces a permanent state of critical period-like plasticity. Loss of aggrecan ablates the PNN structure, resulting in invoked juvenile plasticity in the visual cortex and enhanced object recognition memory.
Opposite Dynamics of GABA and Glutamate Levels in the Occipital Cortex during Visual Processing
Authors: Kurcyus Katarzyna , Annac Efsun , Hanning Nina M. , Harris Ashley D. , Oeltzschner Georg , Edden Richard , Riedl Valentin 
Published: October 2018

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures the two most common inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, GABA and glutamate, in the human brain. However, the role of MRS-derived GABA and glutamate signals in relation to system-level neural signaling and behavior is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated levels of GABA and glutamate in the visual cortex of healthy human participants (both genders) in three functional states with increasing visual input. Compared with a baseline state of eyes closed, GABA levels decreased after opening the eyes in darkness and Glx levels remained stable during eyes open but increased with visual stimulation. In relevant states, GABA and Glx correlated with amplitude of fMRI signal fluctuations. Furthermore, visual discriminatory performance correlated with the level of GABA, but not Glx. Our study suggests that differences in brain states can be detected through the contrasting dynamics of GABA and Glx, which has implications in interpreting MRS measurements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGABA and glutamate are the two most abundant neurotransmitters in human brain. Their interaction, known as inhibitory-excitatory balance, plays a crucial role in establishing spontaneous and stimulus-driven brain activity. Yet, the relationship between magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-derived levels of both metabolites and fMRI is still a matter of dispute. In this work, we study GABA and glutamate in three states of visual processing and in relation to fMRI and visual discriminatory performance in healthy people. We found that states of visual processing can be detected through the contrasting dynamics of GABA and glutamate and their correlation with fMRI signals. We also demonstrated that GABA, but not glutamate, in the visual system predicts visual performance. Our results provide insights into MRS-derived GABA and glutamate measurements.
A Pool of Postnatally Generated Interneurons Persists in an Immature Stage in the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Benito Nuria , Gaborieau Elodie , Sanz Diez Alvaro , Kosar Seher , Foucault Louis , Raineteau Olivier , De Saint Jan Didier 
Published: October 2018

Calretinin (CR)-expressing periglomerular (PG) cells are the most abundant interneurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. They are predominately generated postnatally from the septal and dorsal subventricular zones that continue producing them well into adulthood. Yet, little is known about their properties and functions. Using transgenic approaches and patch-clamp recording in mice of both sexes we show that CR(+) PG cells of both septal and dorsal origin have homogeneous morphological and electrophysiological properties. However, unlike other PG cells, these axonless neurons express a surprisingly small repertoire of voltage-activated channels and do not fire or fire at most a single and often small action potential. Moreover, they are not innervated by olfactory sensory neurons and receive little synaptic inputs from mitral or tufted cells at excitatory synapses where NMDA receptors predominate. These membrane and synaptic properties, that resemble those of newborn immature neurons not yet integrated in the network, persist over time and limit the recruitment of CR(+) PG cells by afferent inputs that strongly drive local network activity. Together, our results show that postnatally generated CR(+) PG cells continuously supply a large pool of neurons with unconventional properties. These data also question the contribution of CR(+) PG cells in olfactory bulb computation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCalretinin-expressing PG cells are by far the most abundant interneurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. They are continuously produced during postnatal life, including adulthood, from neural stem cells located in the subventricular zones. Surprisingly, unlike other postnatally generated newborn neurons that quickly integrate into preexisting olfactory bulb networks, calretinin-expressing PG cells retain immature properties that limit their recruitment in local network activity for weeks, if not months, as if they would never fully mature. The function of this so far unsuspected pool of latent neurons is still unknown.