bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camphene/polystyrene solutions: A rheological approach for material processing industry
Authors: Felix Manuel , Perez‐Puyana Victor , Paúl Antonio , Sepúlveda Ranier 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRheological properties of polymer–camphene solutions are very relevant as they affect their stability, and they have many implications in operation costs. This work elucidates the rheological properties of polystyrene (PS–camphene) solutions with industrial applications. Unfortunately, the assessment of the very low shear viscosities of camphene‐based materials (below 0.005 Pa s) is still a challenge with commercial rheometers. Flow curves, stress growth tests, and small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements were carried out as a function of PS concentration (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 wt % PS) to understand the rheological behavior of these systems. Results indicate that liquid camphene has a shear‐thinning behavior (flow index = 0.99) when the increase of polymer concentration involves changes in the structure of these systems (flow index = 0.10 for 20 wt % PS). An increase in PS concentration leads to a forwarding in the shear‐thinning zone, and the Newtonian region (from ∼1 s−1, for 0 wt % PS, to 10−3 s−1 for 20 wt % PS). Eventually, these results evidence the high dependence of
η∞ on PS concentration (from ∼1.16 ± 0.01 Pa s, for 0 wt % PS, to 631.5 ± 0.2 Pa s for 20 wt % PS). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47953.
Stepping up from subsistence to commercial intensive farming to enhance welfare of farmer households in Indonesia
Authors: Mariyono Joko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article assesses the welfare impact of intensive chilli farming and determines the factors motivating farmers to engage in commercial farming. This study uses a structural equation model that measures the direct and indirect effects of explanatory variables on intensive chilli production and welfare. This study uses data of field surveys of randomly selected 220 farmers in three regions of Java. The results show that stepping up to intensive and profit‐oriented farming improved farmers' welfare. Internal and external factors, directly and indirectly, affected farmers' decision to devote more resources to commercial chilli farming. Farmers' knowledge, as well as access to credit, technology adoption, marketplace, and traders, played significant roles in improving rural welfare. The government needs to reform marketing system of horticultural products and establish market infrastructures to accommodate oversupply during peak season. Easy and flexible credit should be available and accessible to farmers, with technology applicable to such agriculture.
Modulation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Waterborne Polyurethanes via Charge‐Transfer Effect
Authors: Li Zongren , Wang Tao , Xu Dong , Zuo Jie , Li Xinyu , Li Zhiwei , Xu Fei , Zhang Xingyuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, we designed several waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) with efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) via serving charge‐transfer (CT) states as a mediate bridge between singlet and triplet states to boost reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). By tuning substituents of diphenyl sulfone (DS), we found that O,O′‐ and S,S′‐substituted DS covalently incorporated in WPUs solely show typical fluorescence emission with lifetimes in the nanosecond range. Interestingly, TADF appears by replacing the substituent with the nitrogen atom, of which lifetimes are up to ≈10 microseconds and ≈1 millisecond in air and vacuum, respectively, even though the energy gap between singlet and triplet states (ΔEST) is still large for generating TADF. To explain this phenomenon, an energy level mode based on CT states and an 3(n‐π*) receiver state was proposed. By the rational modulation of CT states, it is possible to tune the ΔEST to render TADF‐based materials suitable for versatile applications.
Circulating long non‐coding RNA GAS5 and SOX2OT as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kamel Lamiaa M. , Atef Dina M. , Mackawy Amal M.H. , Shalaby Sally M. , Abdelraheim Nader 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEarly diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential for patient treatment and prognosis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have potential roles in tumor initiation and differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the circulating lncRNA, growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT), could be used as noninvasive biomarkers for NSCLC diagnosis. Moreover, we aimed at evaluating the association between lncRNA and the clinicopathological features of NSCLC in order to predict the cancer prognosis. The results showed significant downregulation of GAS5 expression and upregulation of SOX2OT in NSCLC patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the expression level of GAS5 was declined in stage IV of NSCLC, but SOX2OT expression was increased sharply in stages III and IV. The expression levels of lncRNAs were used to distinguish NSCLC patients from control with an area under curve of 0.81 (sensitivity 82.5% and specificity 80%) for GAS5 and 0.73 (sensitivity 76.3% and specificity 78.6%) for SOX2OT. The combination of GAS5 and SOX2OT showed differentiation NSCLC patients from controls with increased sensitivity (83.8) and specificity (81.4). In conclusion, the newly developed diagnostic panel involving of circulating GAS5 and SOX2OT could be perfect biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.
Bioenergy RES hybrids − assessment of status in Finland, Austria, Germany, and Denmark
Authors: Hakkarainen Elina , Hannula Ilkka , Vakkilainen Esa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper surveys the status and future prospects of bioenergy renewable energy source (RES) hybrids, i.e. energy conversion processes that have at least two renewable energy inputs, one of which is bioenergy. Finland, Austria, Germany and Denmark were the case study countries. We found that the implementation of bioenergy RES hybrids was already ongoing in various sectors, but a majority of them was focused on domestic heating applications. Bioenergy can be used to provide flexible resources for both energy supply and energy storage. An important motivation behind hybrid systems is the possibility of switching between different energy sources in an optimal way. No significant technical limitations were identified for surveyed hybrid systems, but the future economic potential of bioenergy RES hybrids remains difficult to estimate as the value of flexibility cannot be assessed in isolation from the energy system. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baclofen impurities: Facile synthesis and novel environmentally benign chromatographic method for their simultaneous determination in baclofen
Authors: Elagawany Mohamed , Farid Nehal F. , Elgendy Bahaa , Abdelmomen Esraa H. , Abdelwahab Nada S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient, economic and high yielding method was described for the synthesis of baclofen (BAC) pharmacopoeial impurities (impurity A and impurity B) which can be used for gram‐scale synthesis. Furthermore, a novel ecofriendly thin‐layer chromatographic TLC–densitometric method was established and validated for the determination of BAC and its synthesized impurities. The developed TLC–densitometric method is based on the chromatographic separation using TLC plates (60 F254) using a green mobile phase of ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia solution, 33% (8:2:0.1, by volume) with UV scanning at 220 nm. The proposed method was validated with respect to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The validated method was successfully applied for determination of BAC in pure form and in its commercial dosage form. Additionally, the greenness profile of the developed method was evaluated and compared with those of the reported chromatographic methods. The developed method was found to be superior to the published methods, being environmentally benign.
A high‐throughput LC–MS/MS method for determination of flunarizine in human plasma: Pharmacokinetic study with different doses
Authors: Bhadoriya Abhaysingh , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S. , Sanyal Mallika , Yadav Manish S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA high‐throughput and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of flunarizine in human plasma. Liquid–liquid extraction under acidic conditions was used to extract flunarizine and flunarizine‐d8 from 100 μL human plasma. The mean extraction recovery obtained for flunarizine was 98.85% without compromising the sensitivity of the method. The chromatographic separation was performed on Hypersil Gold C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) column using methanol–10 mm ammonium formate, pH 3.0 (90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase. A tandem mass spectrometer (API‐5500) equipped with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ion mode was used for detection of flunarizine. Multiple reaction monitoring was selected for quantitation using the transitions, m/z 405.2 → 203.2 for flunarizine and m/z 413.1 → 203.2 for flunarizine‐d8. The validated concentration range was established from 0.10 to 100 ng/mL. The accuracy (96.1–103.1%), intra‐batch and inter‐batch precision (CV ≤ 5.2%) were satisfactory and the drug was stable in human plasma under all tested conditions. The method was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of 5 and 10 mg flunarizine tablet formulation in 24 healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC were dose‐proportional.
Spectroscopic Insights into the Mechanism of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Ammonia on Sulfuric Acid‐modified Fe2O3 Surface
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Zhang Jie , Du Yueyao , Zhang Ying , Wu Xiaomin , Jing Guohua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently, we show that a novel architecture based on sulfuric acid‐modified Fe2O3 nanoplates provide highly efficient catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3. In the present article, it has been possible to identify the reaction mechanism and the nature of the surface active species in this catalyst by using time‐resolved diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopy. The results suggest a catalytic cycle that involves surface NH4+ and NO2− species, which would be efficient as surface species in the (NH4+)(NO2−)→N2+2H2O conversion. Hence, a model for the abatement of NOx has been proposed, which accounts for the observed high activity and selectivity of the catalyst.
Enhanced Hole Transport in Ternary Blend Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Midori Koshiro , Fukuhara Tomohiro , Tamai Yasunari , Do Kim Hyung , Ohkita Hideo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently, ternary blend polymer solar cells have attracted great attention to improve a short‐circuit current density (JSC) effectively, because complementary absorption bands can harvest the solar light over a wide wavelength range from visible to near‐IR region. Interestingly, some ternary blend solar cells have shown improvements not only in JSC but also in fill factor (FF). Previously, we also reported that a ternary blend solar cell based on a low‐bandgap polymer (PTB7‐Th), a wide‐bandgap polymer (PDCBT), and a fullerene derivative (PCBM) exhibited a higher FF than their binary analogues. Herein, we study charge transport in PTB7‐Th/PDCBT/PCBM ternary blend films to address the origin of the improvement in FF. We found that hole polarons are located in PTB7‐Th domains and their mobility is enhanced in the ternary blend film.
Differential Expression of CD43, CD81, and CD200 in Classic Versus Variant Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Salem Dalia A. , Scott Drake , McCoy Catharine S. , Liewehr David J. , Venzon David J. , Arons Evgeny , Kreitman Robert J. , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance M. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHairy cell leukemia (HCL) and hairy cell leukemia variant (HCLv) are rare diseases with overlapping clinicopathological features. Features distinguishing HCL from HCLv include expression of CD25, CD123, CD200, annexin‐A1, and the presence of BRAF V600E mutation. HCLv typically lacks these markers, but they may occur in a subgroup of HCL patients with an aggressive clinical course. We examined CD43, CD81, CD79b, and CD200 expression in HCL and HCLv.MethodsMultiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) was performed on blood from 59 HCL and 15 HCLv patients for protocol entry. Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD43, CD79b, CD81, and CD200 was determined (for CD200, n = 17 and 7, respectively).ResultsMedian MFI of HCL vs HCLv was 545 vs 272 for CD43, 602 vs 2,450 for CD81, 4,962 vs 1,969 for CD79b, and 11,652 vs 1,405 for CD200, respectively. Analysis of the median differences, HCL minus HCLv (and their 95% confidence intervals and P‐values) indicated that CD43 MFI (estimated median difference (95% CI): 212 [72–413; P = 0.0027) and CD200 MFI (9,883 [3,514–13,434]; P < 0.0001) were higher in HCL than in HCLv, while CD81 MFI (−1,858 [−2,604 to −1,365]; P < 0.0001) was lower in HCL than in HCLv. CD79b MFI HCL median was more than double that of HCLv, but the observed difference (1,571 [−739 to 4,417]) was consistent with the null hypothesis of no difference (P = 0.13).ConclusionsCD200, CD43, and CD81 are likely differentially expressed between HCL and HCLv, reflecting their differing disease biology. Inclusion of these markers in FCM is potentially informative. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Stress and parenting predict changes in adolescent respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: Fox Andrew R. , Aldrich Jaclyn T. , Ahles Joshua J. , Mezulis Amy H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdolescence is a critical period for the development of physiological emotion regulatory systems. While stressful life experiences are known to inhibit adaptive regulation, less is known about how parental socialization of emotion regulation may affect this relation. We examined the effect of stressful life experiences on changes in the resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) levels of 107 (Mage = 12.84, SD = 0.85) young adolescents over a year, moderated by supportive parental responses to negative emotions. The significant interaction (B = 0.02, p = 0.04) indicated that young adolescents who experienced low levels of supportive parenting in the context of high levels of stressful life experiences showed significant decreases in resting RSA over the year, while adolescents who experienced high levels of supportive parenting showed minimal decreases in RSA. Thus, more supportive parenting significantly compensated for the effect of greater stressful life experiences on changes in resting RSA over time.
Efficient adsorption of Cd(ІІ) ions from aqueous media onto a semi‐interpenetrating bio‐composite
Authors: Shehab Ahmed M. , Abdelbary El‐Sayed M. , Elsherbiny Ibrahim M. , Butler Ian S. , Mostafa Sahar I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew bio‐composite, semi‐interpenetrating biopolymers (obtained from hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose grafted polyacrylonitrile [h‐CMC‐g‐PAN] and sodium alginate [Na‐Alg] using CaCl2 as a cross linker; semi‐interpenetrating biopolymers [s‐IPNs]) have been prepared and fully characterized using spectroscopic (FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, EDS), elemental analysis, and thermal analysis measurements measurements. The morphology and structure of these s‐IPNs are different from those obtained with solely h‐CMC‐g‐PAN and Na‐Alg indicating successive functionalization. The availability of the functional‐rich bio‐composites has afforded an excellent opportunity to test them as sorbents for the uptake of toxic Cd(II) ions from aqueous media. Subsequently, the uptake of Cd(II) ions was shown to be dependent on the pH, shaking time, temperature, amount of sorbent, and the initial concentration of the Cd(II) ions. The maximum Cd(II) ion uptake was 99.5% at pH 6, using 50 mg of sorbent with 120 min shaking time at 25°C. The adsorption isotherm fitted well with Langmuir model, with calculated maximum adsorption capacity 49.75 mg g−1. The kinetic studies were modeled using a pseudo second‐order reaction. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo, ΔGo, and ΔSo) of the uptake of Cd(II) ions onto s‐IPNs were found to be −13,176.07 Jmol−1, −4,572.7 Jmol−1, and 28.87 J K−1 mol−1, respectively, verifying spontaneous exothermic process. Successive desorption and reusability of s‐IPNs for the uptake of Cd(II) indicated, its high efficiency over three cycles.
Effortful verb retrieval from semantic memory drives beta suppression in mesial frontal regions involved in action initiation
Authors: Pavlova Anna A. , Butorina Anna V. , Nikolaeva Anastasia Y. , Prokofyev Andrey O. , Ulanov Maxim A. , Bondarev Denis P. , Stroganova Tatiana A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe contribution of the motor cortex to the semantic retrieval of verbs remains a subject of debate in neuroscience. Here, we examined whether additional engagement of the cortical motor system was required when access to verbs semantics was hindered during a verb generation task. We asked participants to produce verbs related to presented noun cues that were either strongly associated with a single verb to prompt fast and effortless verb retrieval, or were weakly associated with multiple verbs and more difficult to respond to. Using power suppression of magnetoencephalography beta oscillations (15–30 Hz) as an index of cortical activation, we performed a whole‐brain analysis in order to identify the cortical regions sensitive to the difficulty of verb semantic retrieval. Highly reliable suppression of beta oscillations occurred 250 ms after the noun cue presentation and was sustained until the onset of verbal response. This was localized to multiple cortical regions, mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes of the left hemisphere. Crucially, the only cortical regions where beta suppression was sensitive to the task difficulty, were the higher order motor areas on the medial and lateral surfaces of the frontal lobe. Stronger activation of the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area accompanied the effortful verb retrieval and preceded the preparation of verbal responses for more than 500 ms, thus, overlapping with the time window of verb retrieval from semantic memory. Our results suggest that reactivation of verb‐related motor plans in higher order motor circuitry promotes the semantic retrieval of target verbs.
In situ syntheses of hydroxyapatite‐grafted graphene oxide composites
Authors: Iacoboni Ilaria , Perrozzi Francesco , Macera Ludovico , Taglieri Giuliana , Ottaviano Luca , Fioravanti Giulia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined three different syntheses of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and graphene oxide–hydroxyapatite (GO–HAp) composites with a GO content of 9, 33, and 43% wt. The materials were prepared from various precursors of calcium and phosphate ions, using an in situ synthesis method, with mild conditions to avoid reducing the GO. In situ bonding technology proposed that calcium ions bond with GO at first and then HAp nanoflakes in situ grow on GO sheets, forming GO–HAp nanocomposite. The aim of the present work was to analyze the differences due to the use of different starting reagents and verify, with the addition of increasing amounts of GO, the changes in morphology, crystallinity, and solubility of the obtained HAp composites. Detailed structural and morphological characterization studies of the composites were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, X‐ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We found that GO sheets act as a nucleation site for HAp mineralization, but we observed a loss of the crystallographic order due to the intercalation of the graphenic sheets between the HAp particles.
A novel phosphoglucomutase‐deficient mouse model reveals aberrant glycosylation and early embryonic lethality
Authors: Balakrishnan Bijina , Verheijen Jan , Lupo Arielle , Raymond Kimiyo , Turgeon Coleman , Yang Yueqin , Carter Kandis L. , Whitehead Kevin J. , Kozicz Tamas , Morava Eva , Lai Kent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPatients with phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) deficiency, a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) suffer from multiple disease phenotypes. Midline cleft defects are present at birth. Overtime, additional clinical phenotypes, which include severe hypoglycemia, hepatopathy, growth retardation, hormonal deficiencies, hemostatic anomalies, frequently lethal, early‐onset of dilated cardiomyopathy and myopathy emerge, reflecting the central roles of the enzyme in (glycogen) metabolism and glycosylation. To delineate the pathophysiology of the tissue‐specific disease phenotypes, we constructed a constitutive Pgm2 (mouse ortholog of human PGM1)‐knockout (KO) mouse model using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. After multiple crosses between heterozygous parents, we were unable to identify homozygous life births in 78 newborn pups (P = 1.59897E‐06), suggesting an embryonic lethality phenotype in the homozygotes. Ultrasound studies of the course of pregnancy confirmed Pgm2‐deficient pups succumb before E9.5. Oral galactose supplementation (9 mg/mL drinking water) did not rescue the lethality. Biochemical studies of tissues and skin fibroblasts harvested from heterozygous animals confirmed reduced Pgm2 enzyme activity and abundance, but no change in glycogen content. However, glycomics analyses in serum revealed an abnormal glycosylation pattern in the Pgm2+/− animals, similar to that seen in PGM1‐CDG.
Muscle fiber structure in an aging long‐lived seabird, the black‐legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)
Authors: Brown Karl , Jimenez Ana Gabriela , Whelan Shannon , Lalla Kristen , Hatch Scott A. , Elliott Kyle H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany long‐lived animals do not appear to show classic signs of aging, perhaps because they show negligible senescence until dying from “catastrophic” mortality. Muscle senescence is seldom examined in wild animals, yet decline in muscle function is one of the first signs of aging in many lab animals and humans. Seabirds are an excellent study system for physiological implications of aging because they are long‐lived animals that actively forage and reproduce in the wild. Here, we examined linkages between pectoralis muscle fiber structure and age in black‐legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Pectoralis muscle is the largest organ complex in birds, and responsible for flight and shivering. We obtained and fixed biopsies from wild black‐legged kittiwakes of known age. We then measured muscle fiber diameter, myonuclear domain and capillaries per fiber area among birds of differing ages. All muscle parameters were independent of age. Number of nuclei per mm of fiber showed a positive correlation with muscle fiber cross‐sectional area, and myonuclear domain increased with muscle fiber diameter. Thus, as muscle fibers increased in size, they may not have recruited satellite cells, increasing the protein turnover load per nuclei. We conclude that senescence in a long‐lived bird with an active lifestyle, does not entail mammalian‐like changes in muscle structure.