bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) diapause initiation under stable conditions: not a family affair
Authors: Des Marteaux Lauren E. , Hallett Rebecca H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLarvae of the swede midge,Contarinia nasturtii(Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), rely on environmental cues to initiate the diapause programme. This facultative diapause strategy, which provides opportunities for both bet hedging and multivoltinism, likely contributed to the successful colonisation and spread of this invasive pest in North America. Population diapause incidence is variable even under relatively stable conditions (especially at the critical day length), yet the mechanisms influencing the developmental trajectory of individuals under such conditions are unknown. Here we approach the non-environmental (i.e., heritable) controls of this variation by comparing diapause frequencies within and among full-sibling swede midge families reared in one of two stable environments. Under warm, long-day conditions &gt; 99% of swede midges pupated directly, while 86% of swede midges entered diapause under cool, short-day conditions. In the latter condition, most families exhibited mixed developmental trajectories (ranging from 36% to 96% diapause). This developmental variation among siblings indicates that the diapause induction threshold does not follow simple Mendelian inheritance with complete dominance for a particular allele, but may follow incomplete dominance or a more complex heredity. Alternatively, within-family diapause variation may result from maternal bet hedging or factors such as maternal age or larval nutrition.
Velocity-specific knee strength between professional and under-17 female volleyball player
Authors: Pelegrinelli Alexandre R.M. , Dela Bela Laís F. , Silva Mariana F. , Rodrigues Lucas C.R. , Batista João P. , Guenka Leandro C. , Dias Josilainne M. , Brown Lee E. , Carregaro Rodrigo L. , Moura Felipe A. , Cardoso Jefferson R. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Many studies have investigated isokinetic performance in volleyball players but not through surface maps.Objectives: The goals of this study were to assess velocity-specific isokinetic knee extensor–flexor muscle strength and to compare the isokinetic knee extensor–flexor muscles between professional (PRO) and under-17 (U17) female volleyball players.Method: This cross-sectional laboratory study was developed with two groups: PRO (n = 12), medianage = 21.3 years, and U17 (n = 9), medianage = 15 years. Peak torque, total work, mean power, angle of peak torque, hamstring–quadriceps torque ratio (H–Q ratio) and torque–angle–velocity surface maps were analysed from knee extension–flexion at 60, 120 and 300 degrees per second (°/s).Results: Significant differences were identified for extensor peak torque between PRO x = 202.3 Newton metre (N·m) (standard deviation [SD] = 24.4) and U17 x = 141.6 N·m (30.1) at 60 °/s (p < 0.001; d = 2.21) as well as flexor peak torque (PRO x = 75.7 N·m [10.3] and U17 x = 57.7 N·m [11.4]) at 120 °/s (p < 0.001; d = 1.65) for the dominant limb. There were also significant group differences for total work and mean power at all velocities for extension and flexion. Surface maps demonstrated higher torque at lower speeds for both groups with smaller torque changes across velocities for flexion.Conclusion: Different groups of female volleyball players showed contrasting concentric knee muscle strength across isokinetic velocities.Clinical implications: These results demonstrate the importance of specific strength training for different age groups, even within the same sport, and provide insight into muscle strength.
La memoria de las plantas: sobre el devenir atm´ósfera
Authors: Cortez Beatriz 
Published: June 2019

This article deals with memory, but not as historical memory, the one inscribed in spaces predetermined by State Institutions. It proposes to see memory as something capable of streteching temporalities from the past towards the future, capable of carrying with it polyphonies, textualities and languages, as well as different matters and states. It is a nomadic memory that opens up posibilities to think of a post-human memory, that existed in the past and that existits in the present, but that proyects itself to a future beyond the Anthropocene, a future without humans.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 152, 2018: 113-124
Apresentação do Dossiê Universidade, Ciência e Tecnologia e Mobilização do Conhecimento
Authors: Monfredini Ivanise , Naidorf Judith 
Published: June 2019

Universidade, instituição secular sobre a qual já se atribuíram diversos significados sociais, modelos de organização e atuação, abriga práticas diversas, base de sua renovação. Em que pesem a diversidade de significados e propostas para a universidade, prevalece um determinado consenso quanto à ideia de que cabe a essa instituição produzir conhecimento relevante, que contribua com o desenvolvimento do país e que beneficie a população. Na América Latina, a universidade tem se dedicado, especialmente, à formação profissional, constituindo-se ao longo dos séculos em espaço de ensino, mas também se tornou o principal locusde produção científica e tecnológica. Apesar disso, a partir das contrarreformas, a universidade latino-americana se converteu em alvo das críticas ‘neoliberais’ de que a ela caberia aprofundar ainda mais o compromisso com a produção científica, com base no que se institucionalizaram políticas de financiamento e avaliação que impuseram novos tempos e espaços para a pesquisa, a docência e a extensão. Diante do profundo processo de remodelação porque passaram (e passam) as universidades, a docência, por exemplo, parecia perder crescentemente espaço para o produtivismo científico vazio. No atual momento histórico, que é de aprofundamento das contrarreformas e de brutal desmonte do financiamento público, outras questões são suscitadas sobre a significação social dessa instituição. Em que pesem as críticas feitas no passado, a universidade latino-americana é responsável pela maior parte da produção científica e tecnológica dos países da região. Esse conjunto de conquistas históricas - universidade de ensino e de pesquisa - passa por sério processo de desmonte. Os autores que participam deste Dossiê se propõem a discutir a universidade trazendo elementos que contribuam não apenas com o diagnóstico, mas também com a constituição de alternativas na região a partir da ideia de mobilização do conhecimento.
Ute er de, men hva gjør barn under tre år ute i barnehagen?
Authors: Kaarby Karen Marie Eid , Tandberg Cato 
Published: June 2019

Denne studien bruker analyse av videobservasjoner for å supplere ITERS-R (Infant / Toddler Environment Rating Scale –Revised) resultater fra 206 barnegrupper i Norge. Vi analyserer 53 videoobservasjoner av ett- til treåringer i utelek. Analysen drøftes mot resultater fra ITERS-R på temaene: bevegelseslek, naturfag og sand- og vannlek. Funnene fra ITERS-R viser at de materielle rammene for bevegelseslek og lek og læring er gode. Videoobservasjonene viser stor variasjon i hvordan ansatte tilrettelegger for bevegelseslek og lek og læring. Ett- til toåringene gis færre utfordringer enn to- til treåringene. Det tilrettelegges mer for bevegelseslek for to- til treåringene, og det tilrettelegges noe mer for bevegelseslek enn naturfaglig lek og læring. Det faglig innholdet i interaksjonene mellom barn og ansatte er utydelig. Funnene drøftes i lys av teori knyttet til bevegelseslæring, lek og læring.Nøkkelord: barn under tre år, fagdidaktikk, ITERS-R, utelek
Korrigert og republisert/Corrected and republished 2019-12-09.
Digital dissection of the pelvis and hindlimb of the red-legged running frog,Phlyctimantis maculatus, using Diffusible Iodine Contrast Enhanced computed microtomography (DICEμCT)
Authors: Collings Amber J. , Richards Christopher T. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe current study applies both traditional and Diffusible Iodine Contrast Enhanced computed microtomography (DICE µCT) techniques to reveal the musculoskeletal anatomy ofPhlyctimantis maculatus. DICE µCT has emerged as a powerful tool to visualise intricate musculoskeletal anatomy. By generating 3D digital models, anatomical analyses can be conducted non-destructively, preserving thein situ3D topography of the system, therefore eliminating some of the drawbacks associated with traditional methods. We aim to describe the musculature of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb, compare the musculoskeletal anatomy and pelvic morphology ofP. maculatuswith functionally diverse frogs, and produce 3D digital anatomy reference data.MethodAn adult frog was stained using an aqueous Lugol’s solution and scanned in a SkyScan1176in vivoµCT scanner. Scan images were reconstructed, resampled, and digitally segmented to produce a 3D model. A further adult female frog was dissected traditionally for visualisation of tendinous insertions.ResultsOur work revealed three main findings: (1)P. maculatushas similar gross muscular anatomy toRana catesbeiana(bullfrog) but is distinct from those species that exhibit ancestral traits (leopelmids) and those that are highly specialised (pipids), (2)P. maculatus’s pelvic anatomy best fits the description of Emerson’s walking/hopping pelvic morphotype IIA, and (3) a split in the semimembranosus and gracilis major muscles is consistent with the reported myology in other anuran species.DiscussionWhile DICE µCT methods were instrumental in characterising the 3D anatomy, traditional dissection was still required to visualise important structures such as the knee aponeurosis, tendinous insertions, and fasciae. Nonetheless, the anatomical data presented here marks the first detailed digital description of an arboreal and terrestrial frog. Further, our digital model presentsP. maculatusas a good frog model system and as such has formed a crucial platform for further functional analysis within the anuran pelvis and hindlimb.
Prediction of bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligase effectors using reduced amino acid peptide fingerprinting
Authors: McDermott Jason E. , Cort John R. , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Pruneda Jonathan N. , Overall Christopher , Adkins Joshua N. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Although pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria lack their own ubiquitination machinery, they have evolved or acquired virulence effectors that can manipulate the host ubiquitination process through structural and/or functional mimicry of host machinery. Many such effectors have been identified in a wide variety of bacterial pathogens that share little sequence similarity amongst themselves or with eukaryotic ubiquitin E3 ligases.

Methods
To allow identification of novel bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligase effectors from protein sequences we have developed a machine learning approach, the SVM-based Identification and Evaluation of Virulence Effector Ubiquitin ligases (SIEVE-Ub). We extend the string kernel approach used previously to sequence classification by introducing reduced amino acid (RED) alphabet encoding for protein sequences.

Results
We found that 14mer peptides with amino acids represented as simply either hydrophobic or hydrophilic provided the best models for discrimination of E3 ligases from other effector proteins with a receiver-operator characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. When considering a subset of E3 ubiquitin ligase effectors that do not fall into known sequence based families we found that the AUC was 0.82, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method at identifying novel functional family members. Feature selection was used to identify a parsimonious set of 10 RED peptides that provided good discrimination, and these peptides were found to be located in functionally important regions of the proteins involved in E2 and host target protein binding. Our general approach enables construction of models based on other effector functions. We used SIEVE-Ub to predict nine potential novel E3 ligases from a large set of bacterial genomes. SIEVE-Ub is available for download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7766984.v1 or https://github.com/biodataganache/SIEVE-Ub for the most current version.
Description and potential sources of a shell deformity in North American freshwater mussels (Unionoida)
Authors: Hazelton Peter D. , Landis Andrew Gascho , McElwain Andrew , Olivencia Kyle , Carmignani Jason 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Freshwater mussels of the order Unionoida are among the most imperiled taxa in North America, and many species are undergoing enigmatic decline without fully understood causation. Disease pathology and parasitology have been identified as areas with significant knowledge gaps in relation to these declines. We investigated a shell deformity of unknown cause that is widespread in northeastern North America by adding to the clinical description from a mussel assemblage in Massachusetts with a deformity prevalence exceeding 50%. We build upon previous qualitative descriptions of this deformity with investigations of shell morphology and mussel age.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative survey of the mussel community to evaluate the prevalence of deformity. Mussels were classified as deformed based on the presence of a distinct truncation of the posterior margin of the shell. For the eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata, we evaluated the shell height, shell length, and height : length ratio of animals classified as deformed versus normal and we conducted a comparison to a reference population. We also incorporated shell thin sectioning and aging to qualitatively describe the deformity in cross section and to compare age distributions between deformed and normal eastern elliptio.

Result
We observed the presence of this deformity in four species, including the eastern elliptio, eastern lampmussel Lampsilis radiata, eastern pearlshell Margaritifera margaritifera, and creeper Strophitus undulatus. In cross section, the deformity appeared to be caused by repeated disturbance in growth in the posterior portion of the shell. Deformed eastern elliptio had markedly shorter shells for a given shell height when compared to normal and reference mussels, and they tended to be older at shorter shell lengths than normal mussels from the same site.

Conclusion
The cause of the shell deformity in the United States remains unknown, although it appears similar in description to the deformity caused by a commensal midge, Xenochironomus canterburyensis, which infects a distantly related freshwater mussel in New Zealand. We highlight potential causes and the need for further investigation.
Five‐year evaluation of linear accelerator‐based SRS platform isocentricity
Authors: Walter Yohan A. , Hubbard Anne N. , Durham Phillip F. , Wu Hsinshun T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLinear accelerator (LINAC)‐based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become a mainstay in the management of intracranial tumors. However, the high fractional doses and sharp gradients used in SRS place heavy demands on geometric accuracy. Image guidance systems such as ExacTrac (ETX, Brainlab AG, Munich, Germany) have been developed to facilitate position verification at nonzero table angles. Though convenient, potential loss of mechanical rigidity between the imaging and treatment systems can be cause for concern, as the ETX system is not mounted to the rotating gantry. In this retrospective study, we analyzed 518 Winston‐Lutz (WL) tests performed in the last 5 years with ETX alignment on our Elekta Versa HD (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) linear accelerator to determine the achievable limits of precision and stability over time for our LINAC‐based SRS platform. Results demonstrated remarkable stability over time. 3D and directional misalignments never exceeded 1.0 mm over the study period; however, table rotation was shown to be the most significant source of positional uncertainty. Gantry sag, as measured by gun‐to‐target misalignments at the gantry‐0 and gantry‐180‐degree positions, was consistent, measuring 1.23 ± 0.18 mm over the study period. Measured accuracy was well within acceptable tolerances for cranial SRS treatment delivery. Notably, the use of the ETX system for intrafraction repositioning effectively eliminates couch walkout, the most significant source of uncertainty identified in this study. Our results thus corroborate safe SRS treatment delivery on our Versa HD with ExacTrac image guidance.
Enhanced Cancer Cell Specificity Through Combined Blue Light Therapy and Starvation Strategies
Authors: Gao Quan , Xu Youwei , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Xing Qi , Geng Jin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effectiveness of combining short‐term starvation (STS or fasting) is investigated with blue light illumination therapy in delaying the progression of various types of cancer, including osteosarcoma, cervical, breast, liver carcinoma, and melanoma cancer in animal models. Moreover, the comparative analysis between cancerous (including HeLa, 143B, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2) and normal cell lines (including NCM460, HEKa, and L‐O2), highlights the selectivity of the treatment's cytotoxic effects, favoring cancer cells while largely sparing normal cells. In HeLa cancer cells, treatment with the STS and blue light illumination combination resulted in increased phosphorylation of JNK and p38, which led to the activation of downstream signalling substrates, such as p53 and H2AX. This activation induced mitochondrial and nuclear damage, ultimately leading to tumor cell death. The combination treatment also caused metabolic disorders in tumor cells, which interfered with biomolecule availability and selectively induced lethal effects in tumor cells. Therefore, the combination treatment can be an effective strategy for eliminating cancer.
Manipulation of the Electronic Structure of Ruthenium Nanoclusters by Ni‐N4 Sites Enhances the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Qingtong , Lao Mengmeng , Yu Yuanyuan , Ma Xinzhi , Li Moyan , Fei Zhaofu , Dyson Paul J. , Wang Shuangfei , Min Douyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDesigning electrocatalysts that are both highly efficient and durable is crucial for the industrial implementation of alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen production technologies. A limitation of the current Ru‐based catalysts is that the water dissociation energy barrier tends to be too high. Here, the electronic structure of ruthenium nanoclusters (Ru NCs) is modulated by single atom Ni‐N4 sites leading to leading to lowering of the water dissociation barrier. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectrum confirms that Ru NCs are stably anchored on the carbon support through the formation of Ru‐N bonds, significantly enhancing catalytic stability. The resulting Ru/Ni‐N4C‐300 catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 15.0 mV at 10 mA cm−2 together with robust durability. An anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer employing Ru/Ni‐N4C‐300 can be stably operated under 500 mA cm−2 for over 1370 h, surpassing the parameters required for industrialization. Theoretical calculation indicates the single atom Ni‐N4 sites in Ru/Ni‐N4C‐300 optimize the electron distribution of Ru NCs, thereby reducing the Gibbs free energy of intermediates species in water dissociation process.
A New Polyvinyl Alcohol Lithium Chloride Hydrogel Electrolyte: High Ionic Conductivity and Wide Working Temperature Range
Authors: Tang Cheng , Yao Yinzhuo , Li Manni , Wang Yaling , Zhang Yan , Zhu Jian , Wang Ling , Li Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol/lithium chloride hydrogel (PVA/LiCl) is one of the most used electrolyte in supercapacitors. Increasing the ionic conductivity and operating temperature range of PVA/LiCl would greatly boost the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors and enhance the devices’ environmental adaptability. This is of great significance yet rarely concerned about in energy communities. In this work, SiO2 functionalized PVA/LiCl (PVA‐SiO2/LiCl) is experimentally realized with high ionic conductivity and wide operating temperature range. The spectroscopic and theoretical experiments prove that SiO2 significantly regulates cation solvation structure to promote cation‐anion pair dissociation and diminish coagulation of PVA chains, increasing ionic conductivity from 19.01 mS cm−1 of PVA/LiCl to 56.17 mS cm−1 of the new electrolyte. SiO2 can also prevent cation‐anion association as temperature decreases, and the abundant hydroxyl groups on the SiO2 and the stretched PVA chains tune hydrogen bonds among dipolar water molecules. They effectively expand the operating temperature range of PVA‐SiO2/LiCl. PVA‐SiO2/LiCl greatly boosts the electrochemical performance of MnO2‐based supercapacitor. The design concept developed here opens up a way toward high‐performance hydrogel electrolyte development.
Phosphorous Incorporated PtNi Networks with Synergistic Directional Electron Transfer for Efficient and Durable Seawater Hydrogen Production
Authors: Xiao Yu‐Xuan , Ying Jie , Chen Jiang‐Bo , Yang Xiong , Tian Ge , Li Jia‐Hao , Janiak Christoph , Yang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe abundant chloride ions in seawater, which poison and corrode electrode materials, are the main reason for the low performance of Pt‐based catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in seawater. Coupling Pt with oxophilic transition metals can enhance the activity of Pt‐based electrocatalysts, but their long‐term stability is still unsatisfactory. Herein, a small number of phosphorous atoms (from 1.2 to 5.9 at%) are precisely incorporated into PtNi networks (P‐PtNi networks) via a facile aqueous reduction strategy at room temperature. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations prove that P incorporation leads to a synergistic directional electron transfer from P and Ni to Pt, resulting in improved water dissociation kinetics, enhanced Cl– resistance and facilitated hydrogen adsorption. Consequently, P‐PtNi networks exhibit outstanding HER activities with a lower overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and an 8.5‐fold higher mass activity at –0.07 V compared to commercial Pt/C and only slightly lowered potential after 120 h of testing in alkaline simulated seawater. Furthermore, P‐PtNi networks show an ultrahigh solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 15.2% for solar cell‐driven hydrogen production from seawater. This work sheds new lights on the design of high‐performance Pt‐based nanomaterials toward practical applications of seawater hydrogen production.
One‐Step Van der Waals Integration of Multi‐Threshold 2D Functional Circuits
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Liu Guanyu , Gou Saifei , Hong Weida , Jiang Haitao , Xue Zhongying , Zhang Miao , Bao Wenzhong , Tian Ziao , Di Zengfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as atomically thin semiconductors, have shown immense promise for next‐generation electronics due to their high mobility and potential for creating van der Waals heterostructures. However, precise control of the threshold voltage (Vth) in field‐effect transistors (FETs) remains a significant challenge, impeding the development of 2D material circuits with tailored electronic functions. Herein, a graphene‐assisted one‐step van der Waals integration technique is presented for fabricating multi‐threshold 2D functional circuits. Graphene's unique property of having a surface without dangling bonds is utilized as an intermediary layer, allowing for the transfer of electrodes with various work functions and high‐κ dielectric layers onto 2D channel materials in a single step. This technique has successfully produced Al‐gated MoS2 FETs with a Vth of −0.2 V and Au‐gated MoS2 FETs with a Vth of 1.9 V. This precision enables the development of functional devices such as rail‐to‐rail inverters with large noise margins. Furthermore, more complex multi‐threshold 2D circuits are achieved, including basic logic gates (NOT, NAND, NOR), six‐transistor static random‐access memory (6T‐SRAM), and ring oscillators (RO). This work showcases a scalable and effective strategy for threshold voltage engineering in 2D material‐based circuits, paving the way for sophisticated electronic and optoelectronic applications.