bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automated fractionation mapping algorithm for mapping of scar‐based ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Launer Hunter , Clark Tom , Dewland Thomas , Henrikson Charles A. , Nazer Babak 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMapping and ablation of fractionated electrograms is a common treatment for scar‐based ventricular tachycardia (VT). An automated algorithm has been developed for rapid “fractionation mapping.”MethodsElectroanatomic maps from 21 ablation procedures (14 scar‐based VT and seven control idiopathic VT/premature ventricular contractions with normal voltage) were retrospectively analyzed using the Ensite Precision fractionation map (fMap; Abbott Laboratories; Abbott Park, IL, USA) algorithm. For each study, voltage maps and 30 fMaps were generated using combinations of parameters: width (5, 10, 20 ms), refractory time (15, 30 ms), sensitivity (0.1, 0.2 mV), and fractionation threshold (2, 3, 5). Parameter sensitivity was assessed by overlap of fractionated areas (fArea) with successful VT ablation sites (defined by entrainment and/or pace mapping). Specificity was assessed by presence of fractionated areas in control patients.ResultsOf the 30 fMap parameter sets tested, seven identified >50% of scar‐based VT ablation sites, and 26 contained <5 cm2 fractionation on control fMaps. Three combinations of fMap width/refractory/sensitivity/threshold parameters met both of the above criteria, and 20/30/0.1/2 identified the most VT ablation sites (79%) and generated 42.3 ± 28.2 cm2 of fArea on scar‐based VT maps compared with 4.9 ± 3.2 cm2 on control maps (P = .001). None of the control patients and 23% of the scar‐based VT patients had VT recurrence at mean 15 month follow‐up.ConclusionCareful selection of signal processing parameters optimizes sensitivity and specificity of automated fractionation mapping for scar‐based VT. Real‐time use of fMap algorithms may reduce VT ablation procedure time and improve substrate modification, which may improve outcomes.
Morphological differences among Raphanus raphanistrum populations and their relationship to related crops
Authors: Liu Yongbo , Darmency Henri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) has developed introgressed populations after hybridization with its cultivated counterpart (R. sativus) in California. Hybridization with various Brassica and Sinapis species is also possible. To determine if hybridization is responsible of the genetic diversity of European populations, six wild radish populations with distinct morphological traits were sampled from geographically distant regions in Europe. Plants were cultivated in an oilseed rape field and in insect‐proof cages. Silique and flower morphology, growth, and reproductive traits were measured. The wild radish populations could be discriminated by the morphological traits, but not related to geographic regions. In particular, populations of one region showed wide variability in terms of silique shape and growth behaviour, and small‐sized flowers. Although the origin of morphological diversity in wild radish is unclear, i.e. native or due to gene flow from the cultivated radish or other Brassicaceae, significant morphological divergence was found that could have relevant effects on plant ecology and adaptation.
Flood‐triggered versus earthquake‐triggered turbidites: A sedimentological study in clastic lake sediments (Eklutna Lake, Alaska)
Authors: Vandekerkhove Elke , Van Daele Maarten , Praet Nore , Cnudde Veerle , Haeussler Peter J. , De Batist Marc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLake sediments in Eklutna Lake, Alaska, reveal the presence of turbidites within varved sequences. These turbidites, which result from flood events and earthquakes, show a similar macroscopic appearance. In order to use turbidites to reconstruct flood variability and/or seismic history in the lake basin, it is crucial to determine the trigger of the turbidity currents. This study examined the turbidite caused by the ad 1964 Great Alaska earthquake as well as turbidites linked to historical flood events in order to differentiate between these earthquake‐triggered and flood‐triggered turbidites. In a suite of samples from throughout the lake, distinctive proxies are identified that can be associated with event‐specific flow characteristics. The study presents straightforward discrimination methods related to the sedimentology and geochemical components of the turbidites. These methods are also applicable to other lakes, particularly proglacial lakes where the sediment composition of onshore and offshore sources is similar. Finally, the discrimination of the turbidite trigger can be used to reconstruct the palaeoflood and seismic history.
Using the board game Borel to illustrate probability calculation
Authors: Johnson Roger W. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe Borel board game consists of a series of experiments involving dice rolls, coin flips, or drawing colored balls from bags. Before each experiment is conducted, each player bets for or bets against a statement regarding the random outcome. We suggest that the collection of Borel experiments be used as a resource to illustrate probability calculation.
High ambient temperature leads to reduced FT expression and delayed flowering in Brassica rapa via a mechanism associated with H2A.Z dynamics
Authors: del Olmo Iván , Poza‐Viejo Laura , Piñeiro Manuel , Jarillo José A. , Crevillén Pedro 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFlowering time is a relevant agronomic trait because is crucial for the optimal formation of seeds and fruits. The genetic pathways controlling this developmental phase transition have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis thaliana. These pathways converge in a small number of genes including FT, the so‐called florigen, which integrates environmental cues like ambient temperature. Nevertheless, detailed and functional studies about flowering time in Brassica crops are scarce. Here we study the role of the FT Brassica rapa homologues and the effect of high ambient temperature on flowering time in this crop. Phenotypic characterization and gene‐expression analyses suggest that BraA.FT.a (BraA02g016700.3C) is decisive for initiating floral transition; consequently, braA.ft.a loss‐of‐function and hypomorphic mutations result in late flowering phenotypes. We also show that high ambient temperature delays B. rapa floral transition by reducing BraA.FT.a expression. Strikingly, these expression changes are associated with increased histone H2A.Z levels and less accessible chromatin configuration of the BraA.FT.a locus at high ambient temperature. Interestingly, increased H2A.Z levels at high ambient temperature were also observed for other B. rapa temperature‐responsive genes. Previous reports delimited that Arabidopsis flowers earlier at high ambient temperature due to reduced H2A.Z incorporation in the FT locus. Our data reveal a conserved chromatin‐mediated mechanism in B. rapa and Arabidopsis in which the incorporation of H2A.Z at FT chromatin in response to warm ambient temperature results in different flowering time responses. This work will help to develop improved Brassica crop varieties with flowering time requirements to cope with global warming.Open Research BadgesThis article has earned an Open Materials Badge for making publicly available the components of the research methodology needed to reproduce the reported procedure and analysis. Methods are available at protocols.iodx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.zmff43n.
Salt hypersensitivity is associated with excessive xylem development in a thermospermine‐deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shinohara Shiori , Okamoto Takashi , Motose Hiroyasu , Takahashi Taku 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn Arabidopsis, spermine is produced in most tissues and has been implicated in stress response, while its structural isomer thermospermine is only in xylem precursor cells. Studies on acaulis5 (acl5), a mutant defective in the biosynthesis of thermospermine, have revealed that thermospermine plays a repressive role in xylem development through enhancement of mRNA translation of the SAC51 family. In contrast, the pao5 mutant defective in the degradation of thermospermine has high levels of thermospermine and shows increased salt tolerance, suggesting a role of thermospermine in salt stress response. Here we compared acl5 with a mutant of spermine synthase, spms, in terms of abiotic stress tolerance and found that acl5 was much more sensitive to sodium than the wild‐type and spms. A double‐mutant of acl5 and sac51‐d, which suppresses the excessive xylem phenotype of acl5, recovered normal sensitivity, while a quadruple T‐DNA insertion mutant of the SAC51 family, which has an increased thermospermine level but shows excessive xylem development, showed increased salt sensitivity, unlike pao5. Together with the result that the salt tolerance of both wild‐type and acl5 seedlings was improved by long‐term treatment with thermospermine, we suggest a correlation of the salt tolerance with reduced xylem development rather than with the thermospermine level. We further found that the mutants containing high thermospermine levels showed increased tolerance to drought and heat stress, suggesting another role of thermospermine that may be common with that of spermine and secondary to that in restricting excess xylem development associated with salt hypersensitivity.
Detection of HEV in naturally infected swine from central Argentina by an optimized HEV/MS2 duplex RT‐qPCR
Authors: Marziali Federico , Acosta Julian , Bolatti Elisa , Mirazo Santiago , Skejich Patricia , Silva Patricia , Brassard Julie , Costaguta Alejandro , Gardiol Daniela , Cavatorta Ana Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is currently considered as a global health concern due to the recognition of its zoonotic transmission to humans, mainly from swine, and its association with the development of severe cases of hepatitis in human risk populations. The lack of updated data on HEV state of infection in swineherds of Argentina, and the necessity of robust technologies for its detection in complex biological samples, positions HEV as an emerging issue in public health. Here, we have optimized a RT‐qPCR with internal control for a more precise and accurate HEV RNA detection in swine stool samples. We implemented this optimized molecular tool to analyse the current epidemiological scenario of HEV infection in swine from the core region of commercial activity of Argentina. A total of 135 stool samples were collected from 16 different farms and tested for HEV presence, resulting in 11 positive cases (8.1%). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all of them correspond to HEV genotype 3 and that different subtypes circulate in the region. Moreover, two of the detected strains presented a high nucleotide similarity with a previously identified isolate from human sewage discharges, suggesting the zoonotic transmission of HEV to humans. Collectively, this work provides a better understanding of HEV epidemiology in Argentina while contributes to the improvement of HEV detection technologies.
The Impact of Body Language Use of a Conductor on Musical Quality
Authors: Çoşkunsoy Bilgen Özcan , Güdek Bahar 
Published: July 2019

In this study, which points out the communication between the choir and conductor, the impact of body language movements of the conductor such as left hand, face, gestures and head on the quality of music in choir is aimed to be analyzed in terms of the fact that as a leader, the conductor, is the most important factor that affects the general music quality of the choir. The study carries an important role as it indicates what affective impacts there can be depending on how the conductor leads “Pulse”, “Measure Beat”, “Left Hand” and “Body Language” and whether this conductive variety has an impact on musical elements such as Note, Tone Quality / Timbre / Sound, Balance / Sound Stability, Intonation, Rhythm, Articulation / Diction, Vocals, Expression / Emotion, Dynamics, Breath, Synchronization/ Togetherness, Motivation in choir. During the experimental process of the study, a polyphonic piece named “Evening Rise” has been performed by a study group consisted of 29 members who were conducted with the methods of “Pulse”, “Measure Beat”, “Left Hand” and “Body Language” by the choir conductor. Audial and imagery data records obtained from each conduction method have been converted to Mpeg-4 format and evaluated by 9 expert conductors by using musical sub-dimensions such as Note, Tone Quality, Balance, Intonation, Rhythm, Articulation, Expression, Dynamics, Breath, Synchronization and Motivation that appear in Choir Musical Quality Assessment Form. As an outcome of the research, it is observed that “Left Hand” and “Body Language” conduction methods affect motivation, expression, articulation and dynamics steps placed in Choir Musical Quality Assessment Form a lot and that “Pulse” conduction does not affect musical elements sufficiently and that as a consequence of conduction methods of “Measure Beat”, “Left Hand” and “Body Language”, choir musical quality has been affected to a large extend.
Using geospatial modelling to estimate the prevalence of adolescent first births in Nepal
Authors: Neal Sarah , Ruktanonchai Corrine Warren , Chandra-Mouli Venkatraman , Harvey Chloe , Matthews Zoe , Raina Neena , Tatem Andrew 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionAdolescent pregnancy is associated with significant risks and disadvantages for young women and girls and their children. A clear understanding of population subgroups with particularly high prevalence of first births in adolescence is vital if appropriate national responses are to be developed. This paper aims to provide detailed data on socioeconomic and geographic inequities in first births to adolescents in Nepal, including wealth quintile, education, rural/urban residence and geographic region. A key element is the use of geospatial modelling to develop estimates for the prevalence of adolescent births at the district level.MethodsThe study uses data from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Initial cross-tabulations present disaggregated data by socioeconomic status and basic geographic region. Estimates of prevalence of adolescent first births at the district level are creating by regression modelling using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation package in R software.ResultsOur findings show that 40% of women had given birth before the age of 20 years, with 5% giving birth before 16 years. First births to adolescents remain common among poorer, less educated and rural women. Geographic disparities are striking, with estimates for the percentage of women giving birth before 20 years ranging from 35% to 53% by region. District level estimates showed even more marked differentials (26%–67% had given birth by 20 years), with marked heterogeneity even within regions. In some districts, estimates for the prevalence of first birth among the youngest age groups (<16 years) are high.ConclusionImportant geographic and socioeconomic inequities exist in adolescent first births. In some districts and within some subgroups, there remain high levels of adolescent first births, including births to very young adolescents. The use of Bayesian geospatial modelling techniques can be used by policymakers to target resources.
Geographic access to emergency obstetric services: a model incorporating patient bypassing using data from Mozambique
Authors: Keyes Emily B , Parker Caleb , Zissette Seth , Bailey Patricia E , Augusto Orvalho 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionTargeted approaches to further reduce maternal mortality require thorough understanding of the geographic barriers that women face when seeking care. Common measures of geographic access do not account for the time needed to reach services, despite substantial evidence that links proximity with greater use of facility services. Further, methods for measuring access often ignore the evidence that women frequently bypass close facilities based on perceptions of service quality. This paper aims to adapt existing approaches for measuring geographic access to better reflect women’s bypassing behaviour, using data from Mozambique.MethodsUsing multiple data sources and modelling within a geographic information system, we calculated two segments of a patient’s time to care: (1) home to the first preferred facility, assuming a woman might travel longer to reach a facility she perceived to be of higher quality; and (2) referral between the first preferred facility and facilities providing the highest level of care (eg, surgery). Combined, these two segments are total travel time to highest care. We then modelled the impact of expanding services and emergency referral infrastructure.ResultsThe combination of upgrading geographically strategic facilities to provide the highest level of care and providing transportation to midlevel facilities modestly increased the percentage of the population with 2-hour access to the highest level of care (from 41% to 45%). The mean transfer time between facilities would be reduced by 39% (from 2.9 to 1.8 hours), and the mean total journey time by 18% (from 2.5 to 2.0 hours).ConclusionThis adapted methodology is an effective tool for health planners at all levels of the health system, particularly to identify areas of very poor access. The modelled changes indicate substantial improvements in access and identify populations outside timely access for whom more innovative interventions are needed.
Percepción de los estudiantes de kinesiología sobre la incorporación de la metodología b-learning y uso de dispositivos móviles en el curso de Análisis del Movimiento
Authors: Delgado Bravo Mauricio Antonio , Cerda Vega Enrique , Villagrán Gutiérrez Ignacio , Fuentes López Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: el aumento del número de estudiantes en carreras de la salud hace necesario incluir nuevas metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La literatura avala el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) y el b-learning como recursos para abordar esta problemática. El propósito fue evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de kinesiología sobre la incorporación de TICs y b-learning en el curso Análisis del Movimiento. Material y Método: se aplicó un cuestionario a 94 estudiantes. Se determinó evidencia de validez de constructo a través de análisis confirmatorio de factores y confiabilidad mediante Alpha de Cronbach. Se estimó la mediana (Q1-Q3) de cada dimensión, determinando posibles diferencias mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: se definió una encuesta con 5 dimensiones y 27 ítems. Los enunciados cargaron en las 5 dimensiones. El coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach fue de α=0,83. Los resultados según la Mediana (Q1-Q3) por dimensión fueron: Percepción General de la Metodología 4,83 (4,67-5), Percepción de los materiales utilizados 4,75 (4,5-5), Percepción del Autoaprendizaje 4,09 (3,82-4,27), Interacción con los docentes y compañeros 4,75 (4,25-5), Evaluación 5 (4,67-5) y la nota global fue de 6 (6-7). Discusión: el cuestionario posee adecuada evidencia de validez y confiabilidad, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre dimensiones, especialmente en Percepción del Autoaprendizaje. Los estudiantes valoran positivamente la organización en los procesos de innovación en metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación, el uso de sistemas digitales como facilitadores de su aprendizaje y la oportunidad de aprendizaje autónomo.
Recorrer los 90 años de la Facultad de Medicina se hace con emoción y alegría
Authors: Heusser Felipe , Godoy Jaime 
Published: July 2019

Cuesta imaginar que nuestros fundadores hubieran podido soñar una Facultad como la que hoy tenemos, llena de energía, de inquietud creadora e innovadora, de fortaleza docente, y convertida en líder en Latinoamérica. Esta ya larga y hermosa historia ha sido construida con el esfuerzo de muchas generaciones; con el aporte de personas reconocidas como emblemáticas, pero principalmente de muchas personas que hoy parecen casi anónimas cuyo aporte ha sido crucial y ejemplo de entrega generosa. Esperamos que este ejemplo siga siendo imitado no solo por todos quienes hoy hacemos Facultad sino también por futuras generaciones.
The Analgesic Elephant and the Black Rose of India (Achilles Tatius 4.2-5)
Authors: Hilton John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the discourse of Charmides, an army general attempting to suppress the banditry of the boukoloi in the Nile delta, about the analgesic power of the breath of elephants fed on the ‘black rose of India’ in Achilles Tatius’ novel, Leucippe and Clitophon (4.2-5). It explores the narrative context, the characterization of the military commander, the use of elephants as moral exempla for human behaviour, and the sub-text of Charmides’ speech. It considers how the discourse of the general relates to the theme of Plato’s dialogue, Charmides—sōphrosynē (sexual restraint)—and argues that Charmides’ account of the elephant and the ‘black rose of India’ are best understood as extended metaphors that are designed to coerce Leucippe into having sexual relations with him.
The Muslimist Self and Fashion: Implications for Politics and Markets
Authors: Cevik Neslihan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article introduces the rise of a new religious expression, Muslimism, in Turkey at the turn of the 21st century. I identify Muslimism as a prominent example of a new global category of religion, New Religious Orthodoxies (NRO). Muslimism and NROs neither reject nor submit to global modernity but engage aspects of it using religious categories. I then link Muslimism and NROs to the broader discussions on Muslim subjectivity formation, looking at Islamic fashion and how Muslimists respond to global modernity and its imaginaries, practices, and institutions. My empirical findings show that, historically, Islamic fashion has functioned as a site of hybridity, allowing pious Muslim females to resist binary patterns of identity, public space, and everyday activities, to challenge authoritarian formulations of religious community and redefine the (female) self as a legitimate moral and cultural agent by tapping into key Islamic notions. These findings have broad implications. Theoretically, they show that even in an area such as Islamic fashion, reduced by many as an oxymoron created by market forces, Muslim subjectivity formation goes beyond the choices of rejection of modernity or assimilation of Islam. Mapping these possibilities reveals greater insights into how religious groups engage modernity while remaining within the limits of orthodoxy, as well as their potent agency in challenging existing sources of self-formation and collective identity. Regarding policy, Muslimism illustrates a third way between fundamentalism and aggressive secularism that can negotiate tensions between religious orthodoxy and individual rights, the secular state and moral freedoms, and the West and Islam.
The Jellyfish’s Pleasures: Philebus 20b-21d
Authors: O’Reilly Katharine R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractScholars have characterised the trial of the life of pleasure in Philebus 20b-21d as digressive or pejorative. I argue that it is neither: it is a thought experiment containing an important argument, in the form of a reductio, of the hypothesis that a life could be most pleasant without cognition. It proceeds in a series of steps, culminating in the precisely chosen image of the jellyfish. Understanding the intended resonance of this creature, and the sense in which it is deprived, is critical for reconstructing the argument, and yields new insight into Plato’s views on the minimal conditions for pleasure.