bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and incidence of asthma among underprivileged children in polluted urban areas of India: a childhood asthma intervention and referrals study
Authors: Fofani Nikunj , Markandeywar Neeraj , Desai Shripad 
Published: August 2018

Background: Childhood asthma has emerged as an important public health issue which is often under diagnosed or undertreated, especially in underprivileged children from slum communities in India. This study aims to increase awareness and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma.Methods: Americares India Foundation organized 167 asthma screening camps in the city of Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Cochin, Lucknow and Nagpur in India from August to November 2016. A total of 10,017 underprivileged children aged ≤16 years were screened for asthma; symptomatic treatment was provided else the children were referred for further investigations and treatment. The camps were organized in collaboration with St. Philomena’s Hospital, Bengaluru; Lourdes Hospital, Cochin; Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar; Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur; and St. Mary’s Polyclinic, Lucknow.Results: New and known cases of asthma were diagnosed in 199 and 166 children, respectively. The prevalence of asthma was found to be 2.7% in Bhubaneswar, 3.7% in Bengaluru and Lucknow, 3.9% in Cochin and 4.3% in Nagpur.Conclusions: Due to increase in the prevalence of childhood asthma in India, it is important to create awareness and communicate with families/caregivers about asthma and related disorders.
Variables affecting post-inpatient admission outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Mathew , Pfeifer Blake , Sanfilippo Denise 
Published: August 2018

In the Unites States, mental illness affects one in five people. This high prevalence rate leads to a significant number of these individuals requiring inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations. Chronic and persistent mental illnesses lead to readmissions and extended average lengths of stays and fuel escalating health care costs. Estimates show a 12.2% increase in cost between 2005 and 2014. Analyzing data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Heslin and Weiss (2015) determined that approximately 20% of all Medicare patients are readmitted within 30 days of discharge (taking into account all illnesses), with costs totaling 15 – 20 billion dollars annually.
The relationship between serum lactate and VO2/VCO2 in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in Ardabil city hospital, 2017
Authors: M. Hasanpour , V. Norouzi , P. Orouji 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> VO<sub>2</sub>/VCO<sub>2</sub> ratio and blood lactate are different indices of adequacy of oxygen delivery to oxygen needs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum lactate and VO<sub>2</sub>/VCO<sub>2</sub> in patients undergoing CABG in Ardabil city.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 30 patients who underwent CABG at Ardabil city hospital during 2017. Demographic data of patients including age and sex were collected. Standard monitoring included electrocardiogram, invasive arterial pressure, pulse oximetry, end tidal carbon dioxide, temperature and urine output was done. The CAB was carried out through a CPB pump at the time of grafting. Blood lactate and VO<sub>2</sub>/VCO<sub>2</sub> were measured in 3 groups of patients based on number of grafts, EF and serum Creatinine. Collected data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Most of patients were male (86.7%). The mean age of patients was 58.1 years. The blood lactate and VO<sub>2</sub>/VCO<sub>2</sub> values increased after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in two groups based on number of grafts and serum Cr but it was statistically significant based on E/F. There was a significant correlation between Blood lactate and VO<sub>2</sub>/VCO<sub>2</sub> ratio in patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results showed that blood lactate as an indicator for patients status during CABG surgery can be replaced with VO<sub>2</sub>/VCO<sub>2</sub>.</p>
The potential protective role of coenzyme q10 on the cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity in adult male albino rats: a histological and ultrastructural study
Authors: Olama Nouran K. , Taha Medhat , Rady Hagar Y. 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cyclophosphamide is anticancer and immunosuppressant agent used to treat malignant and autoimmune diseases. Its long-term use causes side effects, as infertility and pulmonary toxicity. Coenzyme Q10; the only synthesized antioxidant in human body, acts as powerful antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Aim of present study was to examine effect of coenzyme Q10 on blood biochemical profiles, histopathological changes in lungs of adult rats exposed to cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 36 adult male albino rats divided into four groups; control and three experimental each having 9 rats. First experimental group received coenzyme Q10, second received cyclophosphamide while third group received coenzyme Q10 along with cyclophosphamide. Experiment lasted for 7 days. On 8th day, animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. SOD (superoxide dismutase) and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were determined and used for statistical analysis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In coenzyme Q10 treated group, H&amp;E stained sections revealed normal respiratory alveoli. Ultrathin sections revealed normal alveolar septa, pneumocyte and blood capillaries contain erythrocytes. In cyclophosphamide treated group, H&amp;E stained sections revealed peribronchial and interstitial fibrosis. Ultrathin sections revealed alveoli having apparent free lumen with extravasated erythrocytes. Alveolar septa revealed collagen fibrils deposits, and proliferated fibroblasts. In combined coenzyme Q10 and cyclophosphamide treated group, H&amp;E stained sections revealed marked decrease of inter-alveolar tissue thickening. Ultrathin sections revealed destructed alveolar septa with dissociated remnants of collagen fibrils. Blood capillaries appeared wide, containing monocytes and erythrocytes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Administration of coenzyme Q10 with cyclophosphamide is advised to alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity.</p>
Age and sex analysis of the modic changes in the vertebrae
Authors: Acar Musa , Alkan Şenay Burçin , Altunkeser Ayşegül , Baran Nahide , Tunç Kevser , Yılmaz Habibe , İlkaya Cansel 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Modic changes are common bone marrow and end plate changes that appear on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. These changes are clinically associated with back pain and are generally classified into three types. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of patients with end plate deformities according to age and sex in their vertebrae.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was performed on 100 patients (50 females, 50 males) who were admitted to Konya Education Research Hospital and thoracic region bone structures screened with MRI. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Modic changes were observed most at L4-L5 levels.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We believe that the results obtained in our study will be beneficial in the surgeon, radiology and anatomy training.</p>
Current research trends comparing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy and conventional surgical tracheostomy: a systematic review
Authors: Walikar Basavaraj , Pandit Ankush , Rashinkar S. M. , Watwe M. V. , K. Yashaswini 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract">A review of research trends, followed in tracheostomy studies, are discussed by several otolaryngologists as a comprehensive review on tracheostomy is extremely difficult to compile mainly due to its voluminous nature and the difficulty in obtaining the scattered information, as isolated pieces of research, an attempt has been made to review some of the recent research publications to depict current research trends in the area of tracheostomy. An overview of the literature shows that percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is as safe and effective as surgical tracheostomy (ST). Although early and late post-operative complication rates are not statistically significant in the PDT group, further investigations of long-term outcome following PDT are therefore necessary. Generally, PDT has fewer acute complications than ST, although this may vary by the specific PDT technique. Patient factors also influence complications. In view of the benefit verses risks in tracheostomy, PDT may be considered the procedure of choice for performing elective tracheostomy in critically ill adult patients.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Isolated sphenoid inflammatory diseases
Authors: Alali Manal S. , Al Khatib Abdulrahman , Alazzeh Ghaleb , AlMomen Ali H. 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Isolated sphenoid inflammatory disease is a rare clinical condition among patients with paranasal sinus disease, reported incidence ranged between 1-3%. The most common symptoms of isolated sphenoid inflammatory lesions are headache, ophtalmological and nasal symptoms. Delayed diagnosis may occur due to its nonspecific symptoms. The disease requires appropriate and good imaging technique for diagnosis. The objective of the study was to discuss different pathologies of isolated sphenoid inflammatory lesions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> From 2008 to 2017, we performed surgery on 27 patients with isolated sphenoid inflammatory diseases. The presenting signs and symptoms, radiological studies, operative findings, and clinical outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 27 cases were identified at tertiary hospital of King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam. 12 bacterial sphenoid sinusitis, 4 allergic fungal sinusitis, 4 fungal balls, 2 invasive fungal sinusitis, 3 pediatric (2 sphenoid sinusitis and 1 allergic fungal sinusitis), 1 mucocele and 1 mycopyocele were noticed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Isolated sphenoid inflammatory disease is rare, with comprehensive history taking, complete physical examination, appropriate endoscopic examination and advanced imaging studies will give appropriate clinical diagnosis. Histopathologyand microbiology is important for definite diagnosis.</p>
Hearing loss in tympanic membrane perforations: an analytic study
Authors: Herkal Kartik , Ramasamy Karthikeyan , Saxena Sunil Kumar , Ganesan Sivaraman , Alexander Arun 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanic membrane perforations are common cause of hearing loss. There are very few systematic studies that have evaluated the size and location of a perforation to the degree of hearing loss, this study correlates the size and location of tympanic membrane perforation to the pattern of hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study design was based on cross sectional study. Ninety-six ears of dry tympanic membrane perforation of CSOM mucosal type were selected. Photographs of the tympanic membrane perforations were taken and size measured using the “Image J” software. The area of perforation was compared to hearing loss measured by pure tone audiometry. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Ninety-six patients, aged 15-60 years with perforated eardrums were studied. Size of tympanic membrane perforation showed moderate level of correlation with hearing loss (Pearson r value=0.463). The various locations of perforations were: posterior (23 ears with Mean hearing loss 28.6±7.7 dB), anterior (31 ears with Mean hearing loss 26.5±7.8dB), subtotal (42 ears with Mean hearing loss 34.2±8.2 dB).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The hearing loss is frequency dependent, with maximum hearing loss at lower frequencies. Irrespective of size of perforation the hearing loss was the least for frequency of 2000Hz. Magnitude of hearing loss increases with increase in size of tympanic membrane perforation. Perforation posterior to handle of malleus resulted in more hearing loss than perforations involving anterior to the handle of malleus.</p>
Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in school going children in Kashmir
Authors: Sheikh Shahnaz , Bajaj Anushree , Dar Farooq Ahmad , Ahmad Rauf , Dar Showkat Ahmad 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic paediatric disorder affecting about 40% of children affected. Allergic rhinitis results in day time fatigue, impairment of cognition and memory which significantly affect the learning process and impact on the school performance of children. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in school going children in Kashmir.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Cross sectional questionnaire based observational study. Study group included the school going children chosen randomly from various schools of urban and rural areas of Kashmir valley aged 6-18 years. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 402 children prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 28.85%. Prevalance in urban and rural area school going children was 55.2% and 44.8% respectively. The most common symptom was nasal obstruction 79.31%. The most common allergen was dust mite 77.58% and the most common comorbidity was asthma.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The prevalence of allergic rhinitis shows a significant rise in last few years, more common in rural areas, and existing as co-morbidity in a significant proportion of children demanding a comprehensive strategic approach to deal with them.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Study of effect of 1% sodium hyaluronate application on tympanic membrane perforation
Authors: Sahni Dimple , Singh Bikramjit , Uppal K. S. , Bhagat Sanjeev , Sharma Dinesh , Dogra Girish 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Topical applications of hyaluronic acid have been found to have beneficial effects on closure of tympanic membrane perforations.<strong> </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of 1% sodium hyaluronate in the repair of small or medium sized dry central tympanic membrane perforation and improvement in hearing following closure of tympanic membrane perforation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients with dry central perforation of inflammatory or traumatic origin were taken up. Maximum of 4 applications of 1% sodium hyaluronate were given at weekly intervals. Final mapping for closure of tympanic membrane perforation and hearing assessment was done after 3 months. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 26 perforations closed completely while 18 perforations showed significant reduction in size. Thus 44 or 88% perforations showed positive response to 1% sodium hyaluronate application. Hearing Improvement was observed on pure tone audiometry with the average hearing gain in patients after complete closure of tympanic membrane perforation was 12.40 dB with p value of 0.001.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Study showed the beneficial effects of 1% sodium hyaluronate application in closure of small and medium size perforations of tympanic membrane perforation and improvement in hearing.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Latent vestibular dysfunction and its effect on quality of life in elderly individuals, the need of active screening and intervention
Authors: Swami Himanshu , B. M. Aravind 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dizziness is a commonly reported complaint among elderly.. Among the elderly in particular, factors such as Ageing, presbycusis, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteopenia, and osteoporosis increase the risk. Dizziness handicap inventory is used to assess the quality of life among the individuals with vestibular dysfunction. This is also used to assess the impact of interventions for vestibular dysfunction. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of latent vestibular dysfunction among the Indian population, and the impact of interventions among the same.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. As per sample size estimates, 200 participants aged &gt;60 years without previous diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction were screened using appropriate tests. The quality of life of the affected individuals were assessed using Dizziness Handicap Inventory Score (DHIS) before and after intervention. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of latent vestibular dysfunction was found to be 23.5%. Most of them reported having moderate handicap due to the condition. Following intervention, those with moderate handicap either became normal (47.8%) or had residual mild handicap (52.2%). The mean DHIS score significantly decreased from 40.91 points during pre-intervention to 16.12 points post-intervention.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Around one-fourth of the Indian elderly is found to have latent vestibular dysfunction. It has a major impact on the individual’s quality of life. Yet, screening and intervention is found to make a considerable improvement among the affected individuals.</p>
A prospective study of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal pathology in chronic otitis media
Authors: K. B. Sajitha , Thomas Binu , A. T. Ihsan 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) implies a permanent abnormality in the tympanic membrane characterized by irreversible changes in the mucosa of middle ear and mastoid cavity. Diseases of the nose and para nasal sinuses have been implicated in the development of the disease. Hence the present study aims at identifying the risk factors involved and the importance of its management in treating the disease. The objective was to study the correlation between COM and Sino nasal and nasopharyngeal pathology.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 patients with chronic otitis media were included in the study. A Detailed history and clinical examination was done using a pre-prepared questionnaire. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy was done in all cases to assess the nasal cavity and nasopharynx along with bacteriological study of ear and corresponding side of nasopharynx. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Symptomatic, clinical and diagnostic profile proved the evidence of sinonasal pathology in 82% of patients with COM. The comparative study of the microbiological flora of both ear and corresponding side of nasopharynx showed 77 % of ear swabs and 91% of nasopharyngeal swabs to be sterile. The results were statistically significant with a p value of 0.003.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study emphasises on a thorough evaluation of nose and paranasal sinuses in all cases of COM for comprehensive management of the disease. Its detection and management is equally important as the ear surgery per se.</p>
Pattern of hearing loss in tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Rao Vinay V. , M. J. Shilpa , Bhat Mahesh 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to assess the degree of hearing loss with the pattern of tympanic membrane perforation in tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM TTD).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a descriptive study conducted at Father Muller Medical College, Department of Otorhinolaryngology from Oct 2016 till Feb 2017.110 cases aged between 20-50 years with CSOM TTD were included in the study. Detailed clinical examination and history was carried out followed by hearing evaluation by pure tone audiometry. All the data collected was statistically analyzed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 110 patients with 137 perforated tympanic membrane, aged between 20 to 50 years, were included in the study. Large central perforation involving all the four quadrants was the most common otologic findings. Significant correlation observed between size of perforation and degree of hearing loss (p value- 0.018) and no significant relation is observed between site of perforation and degree of hearing loss (p=0.107).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The larger the perforation, the greater the decibel loss in sound perception. The location of perforation does not have significant effect on magnitude of hearing loss.</p>
A study of deep neck spaces infection in present era at tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Khavdu Paresh J. , Fefar Alpesh D. , Mistry Sejal N. , Chavada Payal S. 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Deep neck spaces infection is a common challenging condition for otolaryngologist in day to day practice even after availability of higher antibiotics. It may leads to considerable morbidity and complications. The aim of the study was to find out prevalence, predisposing factors and changing trend of deep neck spaces infection in this broad spectrum antibiotics era.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was carried out at P.D.U. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot. 120 Patients were studied who came with deep neck space infection. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study majority of patient were in the age group of 41-60 year. Odontogenic and oropharyngeal infectionare the most common etiologies. <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, E. colli, Klebsiella</em> and anaerobes were the microorganisms commonly isolated in pus culture and sensitivity test.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In spite of availability of broad spectrum antibiotics in present day deep neck spaces infection is the most commonly noticeable condition in developing countries and may lead to considerable morbidity and complications. Inadequate nutritional status, poor oral hygiene and lack of awareness in dental health are common predisposing factors for deep neck spaces infection.</p>