bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dayside Ionosphere of Mars as Controlled by the Interplay Between Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure and Crustal Magnetic Field Strength
Authors: Qin JunFeng , Curry Shannon , Mitchell Dave , Xu Shaosui , Lillis Robert , Andersson Laila 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate how the Martian dayside ionospheric structure is modified by crustal magnetic field (CMF) strength and upstream solar wind pressure by analyzing electron density data from the Langmuir Probe and Waves instrument onboard the MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) spacecraft. We find that the electron density above the exobase is anticorrelated with the ratio of solar wind's normal dynamic pressure () to CMF magnetic pressure (). We also analyze the electron density behavior across different magnetic topologies as a function of . The extremely low electron density in the draped topology relates to ionopause‐like structures. The lower electron density in the closed and open topology under higher may be attributed to a downward force, potentially the J × B force in the case of closed topology. This study highlights the complex interplay between solar wind and CMF in influencing the Martian dayside upper ionosphere.
The Conditional Bias of Extreme Precipitation in Multi‐Source Merged Data Sets
Authors: Kang Xiaoqi , Dong Jianzhi , Crow Wade T. , Wei Lingna , Zhang Huiwen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMulti‐source data merging via weighted average (WA) is widely applied to enhance large‐scale precipitation estimates. However, these data sets usually contain substantial conditional biases with respect to extreme precipitation (EP) events—undermining their utility for extreme event analysis. Nevertheless, the main source of such EP biases remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that WA algorithms are responsible for less than 1% of total EP biases. Instead, EP biases originate from the multi‐source precipitation inputs, which are not adequately adjusted prior to WA. Specifically, current data‐merging frameworks only correct the monthly means or statistical distributions of the remote sensing/reanalysis precipitation inputs prior to WA. Such procedures are insufficient for adjusting EP timing uncertainties, which eventually propagate into the WA‐based merged data set as an EP bias. Therefore, developing algorithms that iteratively adjust EP timing and intensity errors should be prioritized in future precipitation merging frameworks.
Elevated Phosphorus Concentrations in Shallow Oceans as a Trigger for the 1.57‐Ga Oxygenation Event
Authors: Xie Baozeng , Zhang Zihu , Li Chao , Dodd Matthew S. , Shi Xiaoying , Shi Qing , Li Chao , Sun Longfei , Xu Lei , Wang Xinqiang , Tang Dongjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnhanced continental phosphorus (P) input into the oceans has been proposed as a potential trigger for the 1.57 Ga oxygenation event; however, uncertainty remains due to the absence of direct evidence for seawater P concentrations. Here, we investigate shallow marine carbonate rocks of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in the North China Platform, using the carbonate‐associated phosphate (CAP) proxy to directly reconstruct seawater P levels at that time. Two significant CAP/(Ca + Mg) increases correspond with rises in I/(Ca + Mg) during the oxygenation event suggesting that elevated seawater P concentrations were important in triggering the oxygenation event. Furthermore, a concurrent positive shift in εNd(t) values from −12.3 to −0.9 suggests that a transition in weathering source rocks from intermediate to mafic lithologies significantly contributed to the elevated P fluxes to the oceans during the oxygenation event. This study provides new insights into assessing seawater P levels and their role in the mid‐Proterozoic oxygenation events.
Distilling the Evolving Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases to Large‐Scale Low‐Frequency Surface Ocean Changes Over the Past Century
Authors: Dong Yue , Kay Jennifer E. , Deser Clara , Capotondi Antonietta , Sanchez Sara C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic aerosols (AER) and greenhouse gases (GHG)—the leading drivers of the forced historical change—produce different large‐scale climate response patterns, with correlations trending from negative to positive over the past century. To understand what caused the time‐evolving comparison between GHG and AER response patterns, we apply a low‐frequency component analysis to historical surface ocean changes from CESM1 single‐forcing large‐ensemble simulations. While GHG response is characterized by its first leading mode, AER response consists of two distinct modes. The first one, featuring long‐term global AER increase and global cooling, opposes GHG response patterns up to the mid‐twentieth century. The second one, featuring multidecadal variations in AER distributions and interhemispheric asymmetric surface ocean changes, appears to reinforce the GHG warming effect over recent decades. AER thus can have both competing and synergistic effects with GHG as their emissions change temporally and spatially.
Polyploid cancer cells reveal signatures of chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Schmidt Michael J. , Naghdloo Amin , Prabakar Rishvanth K. , Kamal Mohamed , Cadaneanu Radu , Garraway Isla P. , Lewis Michael , Aparicio Ana , Zurita-Saavedra Amado , Corn Paul , Kuhn Peter , Pienta Kenneth J. , Amend Sarah R. , Hicks James 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic resistance in cancer significantly contributes to mortality, with many patients eventually experiencing recurrence after initial treatment responses. Recent studies have identified therapy-resistant large polyploid cancer cells in patient tissues, particularly in late-stage prostate cancer, linking them to advanced disease and relapse. Here, we analyzed bone marrow aspirates from 44 advanced prostate cancer patients and found the presence of circulating tumor cells with increased genomic content (CTC-IGC) was significantly associated with poorer progression-free survival. Single cell copy number profiling of CTC-IGC displayed clonal origins with typical CTCs, suggesting complete polyploidization. Induced polyploid cancer cells from PC3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines treated with docetaxel or cisplatin were examined through single cell DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, and protein immunofluorescence. Novel RNA and protein markers, including HOMER1, TNFRSF9, and LRP1, were identified as linked to chemotherapy resistance. These markers were also present in a subset of patient CTCs and are associated with recurrence in public gene expression data. This study highlights the prognostic significance of large polyploid tumor cells, their role in chemotherapy resistance, and the expression of markers tied to cancer relapse, offering new potential avenues for therapeutic development.
Complex IIa formation and ABC transporters determine sensitivity of OSCC to Smac mimetics
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Liu Zijian , Si Qian , Lu Wanqiu , Song Yuxian , Jin Wanyong , Yang Xihu , Li Zihui , Hu Xinyang , Ding Liang , Jing Yue , Weng Pei , Yu Qiuya , O’Reilly Lorraine A. , Silke John , Zhang Xiaoxin , Hu Qingang , Ni Yanhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmall molecule inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) antagonists, known as Smac mimetics (SMs), activate non-canonical NF-κB and sensitize cancer cells to TNF-induced cell death. SMs are currently in phase III clinical trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after promising phase II trials. To explore the utility of SMs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we tested nine human OSCC cell lines and correlated SM sensitivity with both IAP mutation and expression levels. cIAP1 protein expression was shown to be higher in OSCC and a predictor of poor prognosis. However, our in vitro and in vivo testing demonstrated differential sensitivity to SMs, which did not correlate with cIAP1 and cIAP2 expression in these OSCC cell lines. Exogenous TNF failed to effectively increase the sensitivity of SM-resistant OSCC cells to SM-induced cell death. SM resistance was associated with a deficiency in Complex IIa formation, but activation of non-canonical NF-κB was not a determinant of SM efficacy. Finally, metabolic analysis revealed that the ABC transporter pathway was activated in SM-resistant OSSC cells, and SMs combined with ABC transporter inhibitors improved cell death sensitivity to overcome SM resistance. These studies highlight the therapeutic potential of SMs in OSCC and support patient stratification to improve efficacy with the addition of adjuvant therapy.
CFAP43 variant in persistent respiratory symptoms after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Nagasawa Shun , Nishimura Toyoki , Yamada Ai , Kamimura Sachiyo , Ishimura Masataka , Moritake Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We describe a case of RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disease with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)-like symptoms, such as recurrent pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media, that occurred 7 years after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous CFAP43 nonsense variant. Environmental factors related to hematopoietic cell transplantation may have led to PCD symptoms in this patient with this variant. Genetic screening can help avoid subsequent complications during patient management.
Optical skyrmions from metafibers with subwavelength features
Authors: He Tiantian , Meng Yuan , Wang Lele , Zhong Hongkun , Mata-Cervera Nilo , Li Dan , Yan Ping , Liu Qiang , Shen Yijie , Xiao Qirong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptical skyrmions are an emerging class of structured light with sophisticated particle-like topologies with great potential for revolutionizing modern informatics. However, the current generation of optical skyrmions involves complex or bulky systems, hindering the development of practical applications. Here, exploiting the emergent “lab-on-fiber” technology, we demonstrate the design of a metafiber-integrated photonic skyrmion generator. We not only successfully generate high-quality optical skyrmions from metafibers, but also verify their remarkable properties, such as topology switchability and topology stability with subwavelength polarization features beyond the diffraction limits. Our flexible fiber-integrated optical skyrmions platform paves the avenue for future applications of topologically-enhanced remote super-resolution microscopy and robust information transfer.
Microstructural asymmetry in the human cortex
Authors: Wan Bin , Saberi Amin , Paquola Casey , Schaare H. Lina , Hettwer Meike D. , Royer Jessica , John Alexandra , Dorfschmidt Lena , Bayrak Şeyma , Bethlehem Richard A. I. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Bernhardt Boris C. , Valk Sofie L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe human cerebral cortex shows hemispheric asymmetry, yet the microstructural basis of this asymmetry remains incompletely understood. Here, we probe layer-specific microstructural asymmetry using one post-mortem male brain. Overall, anterior and posterior regions show leftward and rightward asymmetry respectively, but this pattern varies across cortical layers. A similar anterior-posterior pattern is observed using in vivo Human Connectome Project (N = 1101) T1w/T2w microstructural data, with average cortical asymmetry showing the strongest similarity with post-mortem-based asymmetry of layer III. Moreover, microstructural asymmetry is found to be heritable, varies as a function of age and sex, and corresponds to intrinsic functional asymmetry. We also observe a differential association of language and markers of mental health with microstructural asymmetry patterns at the individual level, illustrating a functional divergence between inferior-superior and anterior-posterior microstructural axes, possibly anchored in development. Last, we could show concordant evidence with alternative in vivo microstructural measures: magnetization transfer (N = 286) and quantitative T1 (N = 50). Together, our study highlights microstructural asymmetry in the human cortex and its functional and behavioral relevance.
Immunotherapy that improves response to chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Elorbany Samar , Berlato Chiara , Carnevalli Larissa S. , Maniati Eleni , Barry Simon T. , Wang Jun , Manchanda Ranjit , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Balkwill Frances 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) omental biopsies reveals potential targets that could enhance response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Analysis of 64,097 cells identifies NACT-induced overexpression of stabilin-1 (clever-1) on macrophages and FOXP3 in Tregs that is confirmed at the protein level. STAB1 inhibition in vitro induces anti-tumour macrophages. FOXP3 anti-sense oligonucleotide (FOXP3-ASO), repolarises Tregs to an effector T cell phenotype. ScRNAseq on 69,781 cells from an HGSOC syngeneic mouse model recapitulates the patients’ data. Combining chemotherapy with anti-stabilin1 antibody and/or Foxp3-ASO significantly increases survival of mice with established peritoneal disease in two HGSOC syngeneic models and progression-free survival in a third model. Long-term survivors (300 days + ) are resistant to tumour rechallenge. Anti-stabilin1 antibody enriches the tumours with CXCL9+ macrophages and Foxp3-ASO increases TBET cell infiltration. Our results suggest that targeting these molecules in immune cells may improve chemotherapy response in patients.
Photoinduced hydrogen dissociation in thymine predicted by coupled cluster theory
Authors: Kjønstad Eirik F. , Fajen O. Jonathan , Paul Alexander C. , Angelico Sara , Mayer Dennis , Gühr Markus , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Martínez Todd J. , Koch Henrik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fate of thymine upon excitation by ultraviolet radiation has been the subject of intense debate. Today, it is widely believed that its ultrafast excited state gas phase decay stems from a radiationless transition from the bright ππ* state to a dark nπ* state. However, conflicting theoretical predictions have made the experimental data difficult to interpret. Here we simulate the early gas phase ultrafast dynamics in thymine at the highest level of theory to date. This is made possible by performing wavepacket dynamics with a recently developed coupled cluster method. Our simulation confirms an ultrafast ππ* to nπ* transition (τ = 41 ± 14 fs). Furthermore, the predicted oxygen-edge X-ray absorption spectra agree quantitatively with experiment. We also predict an as-yet uncharacterized πσ* channel that leads to hydrogen dissociation at one of the two N-H bonds. Similar behavior has been identified in other heteroaromatic compounds, including adenine, and several authors have speculated that a similar pathway may exist in thymine. However, this was never confirmed theoretically or experimentally. This prediction calls for renewed efforts to experimentally identify or exclude the presence of this channel.
3T-VASP: fast ab-initio electrochemical reactor via multi-scale gradient energy minimization
Authors: Mailoa Jonathan P. , Li Xin , Zhang Shengyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAb-initio methods such as density functional theory (DFT) is useful for fundamental atomistic-level study and is widely used across many scientific fields, including for the discovery of electrochemical reaction byproducts. However, many DFT steps may be needed to discover rare electrochemical reaction byproducts, which limits DFT’s scalability. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to generate many elementary electrochemical reaction byproducts in-silico using just a small number of ab-initio energy minimization steps if it is done in a multi-scale manner, such as via previously reported tiered tensor transform (3T) method. We first demonstrate the algorithm through a simple example of a complex floppy organic molecule passivator binding onto perovskite solar cell surface defect site. We then demonstrate more complex examples by generating hundreds of electrochemical reaction byproducts in lithium-ion battery liquid electrolyte (many are verified in previous experimental studies), with most trajectories completed within 50–100 DFT steps as opposed to more than 10,000 steps typically utilized in an ab-initio molecular dynamics trajectory. This approach requires no machine learning training data generation and can be directly applied on any new chemistries, making it suitable for ab-initio elementary chemical reaction byproduct investigation when temperature dependence is not required.
Realization of a classical Ruddlesden Popper type bilayer nickelate in Sr3Ni2−xAlxO7−δ with unusual Ni4+
Authors: Yilmaz Hasan , Küster Kathrin , Starke Ulrich , Clemens Oliver , Isobe Masahiko , Puphal Pascal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe discovery of 80 K superconductivity in bilayer La3Ni2O7 at pressures greater than 14 GPa presents a unique opportunity to study a novel class of high-temperature superconductors. Therefore, other bilayer nickelates following the classical (T4+) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) series of Sr3Ni2O7 would present an interesting new candidate. In this work, we study the stabilization of RP n = 2 phase in Sr3Ni2−xAlxO7−δ, via floating zone growth of crystals. With powder and single-crystal XRD, we study the stability range of the RP-type phase. Our Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and gas extraction studies reveal a remarkably high oxidation state of Ni4+ stabilized by chemical strain from Al. The obtained black crystals are insulating in transport and show a magnetic transition around 12 K.
Single-cell multiomics analysis reveals dynamic clonal evolution and targetable phenotypes in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype
Authors: Leppä Aino-Maija , Grimes Karen , Jeong Hyobin , Huang Frank Y. , Andrades Alvaro , Waclawiczek Alexander , Boch Tobias , Jauch Anna , Renders Simon , Stelmach Patrick , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Karpova Darja , Sohn Markus , Grünschläger Florian , Hasenfeld Patrick , Benito Garagorri Eva , Thiel Vera , Dolnik Anna , Rodriguez-Martin Bernardo , Bullinger Lars , Mrózek Krzysztof , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , Krämer Alwin , Sanders Ashley D. , Korbel Jan O. , Trumpp Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChromosomal instability is a major driver of intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), promoting tumor progression. In the present study, we combined structural variant discovery and nucleosome occupancy profiling with transcriptomic and immunophenotypic changes in single cells to study ITH in complex karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (CK-AML). We observed complex structural variant landscapes within individual cells of patients with CK-AML characterized by linear and circular breakage–fusion–bridge cycles and chromothripsis. We identified three clonal evolution patterns in diagnosis or salvage CK-AML (monoclonal, linear and branched polyclonal), with 75% harboring multiple subclones that frequently displayed ongoing karyotype remodeling. Using patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrated varied clonal evolution of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and further dissected subclone-specific drug–response profiles to identify LSC-targeting therapies, including BCL-xL inhibition. In paired longitudinal patient samples, we further revealed genetic evolution and cell-type plasticity as mechanisms of disease progression. By dissecting dynamic genomic, phenotypic and functional complexity of CK-AML, our findings offer clinically relevant avenues for characterizing and targeting disease-driving LSCs.
Two decades of body length measurements of larval and juvenile fish populations in English rivers
Authors: Ainsworth Rachel F. , Vickers Lauren H. , Bolland Jonathan D. , Taylor Marie J. , Harvey Jon P. , Noble Richard A. A. , Cowx Ian G. , Nunn Andy D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLong-term datasets provide context and understanding of complex ecological processes, including temporal variations in species diversity and ecosystem dynamics. This dataset is comprised of body length measurements (mm) of more than 380,000 larval or juvenile fish of 30 species from five English river catchments collected almost monthly over two decades. Such information can be used to determine growth rates, future recruitment success, population structure and compliance with monitoring protocols and conservation objectives. The dataset provides a baseline for analysing the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change, pollution and habitat degradation, and, given that many fish populations are size structured with a positive relationship between fish body length and various biological attributes such as swimming ability, survival and fecundity, it will be invaluable for investigating natural and human- induced disturbances.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus utilises intercellular connections for cell to cell spread
Authors: Byford Owen , Shaw Amelia B. , Tse Hiu Nam , Moon-Walker Alex , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Whelan Sean P. J. , Stacey Martin , Hewson Roger , Fontana Juan , Barr John N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Arenaviridae family of segmented RNA viruses contains nearly 70 species with several associated with fatal haemorrhagic fevers, including Lassa, Lujo and Junin viruses. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus (LCMV) is associated with fatal neurologic disease in humans and additionally represents a tractable model for studying arenavirus biology. Within cultured cells, a high proportion of LCMV spread is between directly neighbouring cells, suggesting infectivity may pass through intercellular connections, bypassing the canonical extracellular route involving egress from the plasma membrane. Consistent with this, we visualized abundant actin- and tubulin-rich connections conjoining LCMV-infected and uninfected cells within cultures, resembling tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs). Within these TNT-like connections, confocal and STED microscopy identified puncta containing the major structural components of LCMV virions alongside genomic RNA, consistent with intercellular transit of assembled virions or ribonucleoprotein genome segments. Blocking the extracellular route of infection by adding potent LCMV neutralising antibody M28 to supernatants during infection revealed around 50% of LCMV transmission was via intercellular connections. These results show arenaviruses transmission is more complex than previously thought involving both extracellular and intercellular routes.
Volumetric efficiency in motor-driven two-dimensional piston pumps with leakage and reverse flow under high pressure
Authors: Chen Yong , Hua Congcong , Tong Chengwei , Zang Yiren , Ruan Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a volumetric efficiency model for high-pressure motor-driven 2D piston pumps, incorporating key factors such as axial internal and external leakage, circumferential leakage, and reverse flow. The model integrates hydraulic fluid compressibility and variations in flow coefficients to improve simulation accuracy. Co-simulation using AMESim and Simulink, along with experimental validation, demonstrates the model’s reliability across various operating conditions. The results show that rotational speed enhances volumetric efficiency due to its minimal effect on leakage and reverse flow, while pressure significantly reduces efficiency, particularly through reverse flow and circumferential leakage. Reducing trapped volume proves to be an effective strategy for minimizing reverse flow and improving overall pump performance. Additionally, refining flow coefficients to improve the accuracy of the simulation model remains an important area for further development.