bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A parallel implicit domain decomposition algorithm for the large eddy simulation of incompressible turbulent flows on 3D unstructured meshes
Authors: Liao Zi‐Ju , Chen Rongliang , Yan Zhengzheng , Cai Xiao‐Chuan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWe present a parallel fully implicit algorithm for the large eddy simulation (LES) of incompressible turbulent flows on unstructured meshes in three dimensions. The LES governing equations are discretized by a stabilized Galerkin finite element method in space and an implicit second‐order backward differentiation scheme in time. To efficiently solve the resulting large nonlinear systems, we present a highly parallel Newton‐Krylov‐Schwarz algorithm based on domain decomposition techniques. Analytic Jacobian is applied in order to obtain the best achievable performance. Two benchmark problems of lid‐driven cavity and flow passing a square cylinder are employed to validate the proposed algorithm. We then apply the algorithm to the LES of turbulent flows passing a full‐size high‐speed train with realistic geometry and operating conditions. The numerical results show that the algorithm is both accurate and efficient and exhibits a good scalability and parallel efficiency with tens of millions of degrees of freedom on a computer with up to 4096 processors. To understand the numerical behavior of the proposed fully implicit scheme, we study several important issues, including the choices of linear solvers, the overlapping size of the subdomains, and, especially, the accuracy of the Jacobian matrix. The results show that an exact Jacobian is necessary for the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed LES solver.
Phytochemical profiles and classification of Agave syrups using 1H‐NMR and chemometrics
Authors: Velázquez Ríos Irving O. , González‐García Gerardo , Mellado‐Mojica Erika , Veloz García Rafael A. , Dzul Cauich Jorge G. , López Mercedes G. , García‐Vieyra María I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAgave syrups are natural sweeteners that are highly desirable for human consumption because they have low glycemic index. In this work, we explored the potential of 1H‐NMR‐Chemometrics as a useful tool in the identification and differentiation of Agave syrups. Also, we evaluated the phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity of Agave syrup compared to other natural sweeteners.ResultsThe phytochemical screening stands out for Agave syrups containing higher levels of metabolites with antioxidant activity, mainly saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids. Agave syrup antioxidant activity was in a range from 10% to 53%, while the total phenolic content was from 24 to 300 EAG/100 g, and condensed tannins were between 240 and 1,900 mg CE/g. Additionally, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize syrup profiles and chemometrics. PCA group analyses allowed the sweeteners’ classification by origin and kind of Agave.ConclusionThus, we conclude that 1H‐NMR and chemometrics can be used for identifying, differentiating, and classifying Agave syrups. Besides, Agave syrups contain significant amounts of antioxidative components and can be considered as an effective source of antioxidant.
Habitat selection and population trends of the Torngat Mountains caribou herd
Authors: Bélanger Édouard , Leblond Mathieu , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding why species at risk select certain habitat and what components of their life history influence changes in numbers can help mitigate population declines. The Torngat Mountains caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herd in northern Quebec‐Labrador, Canada, is declining, and few studies have examined the potential causes of this decline. We fitted 9 Argos and 26 global positioning system (GPS)‐collars on 35 adult caribou (25 female, 10 male) between 2011 and 2016 to assess seasonal habitat selection at 2 spatial scales, current and future population trends, and interactions with the neighboring Rivière‐George migratory caribou herd. The caribou of the Torngat Mountains herd selected areas with abundant food resources in winter and where prevalence of insects was lower in summer. They did not avoid areas where predation risk was high during calving. Spatial overlap with the Rivière‐George herd range decreased from 1990 to 2015 and was correlated with the size of the Rivière‐George population, which declined drastically during this period. The decline of the Torngat Mountains population was principally attributed to the low survival of adult females (0.72 annual survival rate) owing to subsistence harvest (9/24) and predation (7/24). Demographic models revealed that the growth rate of the population (λ) could vary from 0.83 (current) to 0.94 following a decrease in harvest pressure. Using demographic scenarios, we showed that the Torngat Mountains herd could continue to decrease if no management actions were taken to increase adult female survival. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Transcriptional Profiling of Dendritic Cells in a Mouse Model of Food‐Antigen‐Induced Anaphylaxis Reveals the Upregulation of Multiple Immune‐Related Pathways
Authors: Rodriguez Maria Jose , Palomares Francisca , Bogas Gador , Torres Maria Jose , Diaz‐Perales Araceli , Rojo Javier , Plaza‐Seron Maria del Carmen , Rodriguez‐Nogales Alba , Orengo Christine , Mayorga Cristobalina , Perkins James Richard 
Published: November 2018

ScopeMuch of the knowledge about gene expression during anaphylaxis comes from candidate gene studies. Despite their potential role, expression changes in dendritic cells (DCs) have not been studied in this context using high throughput methods. The molecular mechanisms underlying food‐antigen‐induced anaphylaxis are investigated using DCs from an animal model.Methods and resultsRNA sequencing is used to study gene expression in lymph‐node‐derived DCs from anaphylactic mice sensitized intranasally with the major peach allergen Pru p 3 during the acute reaction phase, induced intraperitoneally. In total, 237 genes changed significantly, 181 showing at least twofold changes. Almost three‐quarters of these increase during anaphylaxis. A subset is confirmed using RT‐PCR in a second set of samples obtained from a new batch of mice. Enrichment analysis shows an overrepresentation of genes involved in key immune system and inflammatory processes, including TGF‐β signaling. Comparison with a study using anaphylactic human subjects show significant overlap.ConclusionsThe findings provide a comprehensive overview of the transcriptional changes occurring in DCs during anaphylaxis and help elucidate the mechanisms involved. They add further weight to the putative role of these cells in anaphylaxis and highlight genes that may represent potential therapeutic targets.
Determination of salinity and sugar concentration using microwave sensor
Authors: Rahman Md. Naimur , Hassan Sayed Amirul , Samsuzzaman Md. , Singh Mandeep Singh Jit , Islam Mohammad Tariqul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA microwave sensor is presented in this letter for the detection of salinity and sugar concentration. The microwave sensor is used for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic wave. The sensor has a circular shaped radiating patch with semi‐circular shaped slots. The antenna sensor is prototyped on a low‐cost FR4 substrate which is 1.60 mm thick. The sensor has a small size of 26 mm × 24 mm. The high‐frequency structural simulator (HFSS) is utilized to model the microwave sensor. The sensor detects the salinity and sugar concentration by means of the reflection coefficient. The dielectric constant changes with the increased percentages of the salt and sugar which reduces the reflection coefficient. The microwave sensing device shows considerable sensitivity to determine the salinity and sugar concentration.
Validation of Current Good Manufacturing Practice Compliant Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes for Cell-Based Therapy
Authors: Blackford Samuel J.I. , Ng Soon Seng , Segal Joe M. , King Aileen J.F. , Austin Amazon L. , Kent Deniz , Moore Jennifer , Sheldon Michael , Ilic Dusko , Dhawan Anil , Mitry Ragai R. , Rashid S. Tamir 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Recent advancements in the production of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-Heps) afford tremendous possibilities for treatment of patients with liver disease. Validated current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) lines are an essential prerequisite for such applications but have only recently been established. Whether such cGMP lines are capable of hepatic differentiation is not known. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the proficiency of three recently derived cGMP lines (two hiPSC and one hESC) to differentiate into hepatocytes and their suitability for therapy. hPSC-Heps generated using a chemically defined four-step hepatic differentiation protocol uniformly demonstrated highly reproducible phenotypes and functionality. Seeding into a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate fabricated inverted colloid crystal scaffold converted these immature progenitors into more advanced hepatic tissue structures. Hepatic constructs could also be successfully encapsulated into the immune-privileged material alginate and remained viable as well as functional upon transplantation into immune competent mice. This is the first report we are aware of demonstrating cGMP-compliant hPSCs can generate cells with advanced hepatic function potentially suitable for future therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:124&14
Preparation of Hollow Nitrogen Doped Carbon via Stresses Induced Orientation Contraction
Authors: Wang Min Jie , Mao Zhan Xin , Liu Lu , Peng Lishan , Yang Na , Deng Jianghai , Ding Wei , Li Jing , Wei Zidong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHollow structured materials are widely applicable in various fields. Although many routes have been explored for getting such materials, a strategy mainly based on physical effect is still deficient. Herein, a “stresses induced orientation contraction” mechanism for preparation of hollow structures is reported. The composites constructed by zeolite imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF8) cores and polymerized dopamine (PDA) shells, upon annealing, form intensive interfacial interactions, which drag the ZIF8 cores outward to restrain their shrinkage. The gradually accumulated stresses in the central position of ZIF8 dodecahedron nanoparticles, then destroy the ZIF8 crystalline cores to form the hollow structures. In this stress‐based route for creating hollow interiors with core–shell composites as the starting materials, three critical factors are necessary: 1) an intensive core–shell interfacial interaction; 2) the distinctly higher shrinkage degree of the cores than the shells; and 3) the relatively loose core structures. In oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) tested with three‐electrode solution system and Zn–O2 battery, the achieved hollow nitrogen doped carbon (NC) demonstrates ultrahigh catalytic activities. This work gives an absolutely novel strategy for preparation of hollow structures, which may afford the exploration of a wider range of materials system with hollow interiors.
Testing MapReduce programs: A systematic mapping study
Authors: Morán Jesús , de la Riva Claudio , Tuya Javier 
Published: November 2018

SummaryContextMapReduce is a processing model used in Big Data to facilitate the analysis of large data under a distributed architecture.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to identify and categorize the state of the art of software testing in MapReduce applications, determining trends and gaps.MethodSystematic mapping study to discuss and classify according to international standards 54 relevant studies in relation to reasons for testing, types of testing, quality characteristics, test activities, tools, roles, processes, test levels, and research validations.ResultsThe principal reasons for testing MapReduce applications are performance issues, potential failures, issues related to the data, or to satisfy the agreements with efficient resources. The efforts are focused on performance and, to a lesser degree, on functionality. Performance testing is carried out through simulation and evaluation, whereas functional testing considers some program characteristics (such as specification and structure). Despite the type of testing, the majority of efforts are focused at the unit and integration test levels of the specific MapReduce functions without considering other parts of the technology stack.ConclusionsResearchers have both opportunities and challenges in performance and functional testing, and there is room to improve their research though the use of mature and standard validation methods.
Efficient transposition of Tn 4556 by alterations in inverted repeats using a delivery vector carrying a counter-selectable marker for Streptomyces
Authors: Sota Masahiro , Sakoda Akiko , Ikeda Haruo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A 6625-base pair transposon, Tn 4556, was initially isolated from a Streptomyces strain and a sequence analysis was performed; however, its annotation data remain incomplete. At least three positions were identified as frameshift and base-exchange errors by resequencing. The revised sequence revealed that Tn 4556 contains four open reading frames that encode transposase, methyltransferase, isoprenyl diphosphate transferase, and resolvase, respectively. Thirty-eight-base pair inverted repeat (IR) sequences at both ends contained a 1-bp mismatch flanked by a target duplication site, and transposition efficiency was improved by the replacement of imperfectly matched IR-L to perfectly matched IR-L. The detection of Tn 4556 transposition was markedly facilitated using a delivery vector carrying a strictly counter-selectable marker for Streptomyces strains.
Improving the quality of life of care home residents with dementia: Cost‐effectiveness of an optimized intervention for residents with clinically significant agitation in dementia
Authors: Romeo Renee , Zala Darshan , Knapp Martin , Orrell Martin , Fossey Jane , Ballard Clive 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo examine whether an optimized intervention is a more cost‐effective option than treatment as usual (TAU) for improving agitation and quality of life in nursing home residents with clinically significant agitation and dementia.MethodsA cost‐effectiveness analysis within a cluster‐randomized factorial study in 69 care homes with 549 residents was conducted. Each cluster was randomized to receive either the Well‐being and Health for people with Dementia (WHELD) intervention or TAU for nine months. Health and social care costs, agitation, and quality of life outcomes were evaluated.ResultsImprovements in agitation and quality of life were evident in residents allocated to the WHELD intervention group. The additional cost of the WHELD intervention was offset by the higher health and social care costs incurred by TAU group residents (mean difference, £2103; 95% confidence interval, −13 to 4219).DiscussionThe WHELD intervention has clinical and economic benefits when used in residents with clinically significant agitation.
From Rebellion to Opposition: UNITA’s Social Engagement in Post-War Angola
Authors: Pearce Justin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe endurance and indeed the growing electoral support manifested by the Angolan opposition party UNITA since its defeat as an armed movement in 2002 defies generally gloomy prognoses both for opposition parties in dominant party systems and for defeated rebel movements that recast themselves as political parties. This article examines social service and training projects implemented by UNITA in the Angolan Central Highlands. I argue that the case of UNITA illustrates the need to take into account the importance of resources that accrue outside of the space of formal politics, including historical narratives and social relationships, which UNITA has mobilized and built upon in order to expand its vote share and consolidate its place within electoral politics.
Where and when? How phenological patterns of armyworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) change along a latitudinal gradient in Brazil
Authors: Piovesan M. , Carneiro E. , Specht A. , Casagrande M.M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe phenological patterns exhibited by different organisms are known as adaptive responses to the cyclical environmental conditions. However, only a limited number of researches explore which factors are responsible for these phenological patterns in pest species. In the current study, abundance patterns were studied in the phenology of three Spodoptera Guenée, 1852 species, along the 29° latitudinal gradient in South America. The goal was to test whether widely distributed and abundant crop pest species would exhibit different phenological responses to seasonal meteorological variables and host plant availability. To test this, 13 light traps were set up in Brazil to collect adult Spodoptera samples at the time of the new moon, every month, from June 2015 to May 2016. The time of occurrence and intensity of the phenology were determined for each species, employing circular statistics. Both metrics revealed significant variations among the different species, as well as the factors associated with them. Latitude was found to affect the period of occurrence in Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) and Spodoptera albula (Walker, 1857), whereas in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) its effect was evident only in the intensity of its phenology. Further, both meteorological variables and host plant availability in the sampling sites produced predictive models to account for the phenological patterns expressed. These findings suggest that different species of Spodoptera exhibit different adaptive strategies in their life cycles in response to environmental conditions, thus necessitating specific management practices regarding their seasonal population fluctuation.
Wartime Wilsonianism and the Crisis of Empire, 1941–43
Authors: YELLEN JEREMY A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOne striking feature of the Pacific War was the extent to which Wilsonian ideals informed the war aims of both sides. By 1943, the Atlantic Charter and Japan's Pacific Charter (Greater East Asia Joint Declaration) outlined remarkably similar visions for the postwar order. This comparative study of the histories surrounding both charters highlights parallels between the foreign policies of Great Britain and Imperial Japan. Both empires engaged with Wilsonianism in similar ways, to similar ends. Driven by geopolitical desperation, both reluctantly enshrined Wilsonian values into their war aims to survive a gruelling war with empire intact. But the endorsement of national self-determination, in particular, gave elites in dependent states a means to protest the realities of both British and Japanese rule and to demand that both empires practise what they preach. This comparative analysis of Britain and Japan thus sheds light on the part Wilsonian ideology played in the global crisis of empire during the Second World War.
Hearing loss and psychiatric disorders: a review
Authors: Blazer Dan G. , Tucci Debara L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHearing loss is one of the most common yet unrecognized impairments experienced by adults, especially as they age. Mental health investigators and practitioners require better understanding of hearing loss, its association with psychiatric disorders, and the treatment of these disorders in the presence of hearing loss as well as the treatment of hearing loss itself. In this review, the authors briefly explore the global burden of hearing loss. Next we provide an overview of the extant literature on hearing loss associated with cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety disorders, psychoses, and quality of life with attention focused on the strength of the association, possible mechanisms explaining the association, data on treatment options specific to these disorders, and future research opportunities for these disorders. Current approaches to the treatment of hearing loss are presented, including hearing aids, rehabilitation including psychotherapies, surgical procedures (specifically cochlear implants), and induction loops connected to telecoils. Finally, cutting edge research into the pathophysiology and potential biological treatments of hearing loss is described.
Reassessing the Evidence of Chinese “Character Amnesia”
Authors: Almog Guy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIncreasing numbers of Chinese and Japanese speakers have been reporting that their ability to handwrite Chinese characters has been steadily diminishing, a phenomenon which is most likely a result of the growing reliance upon digital technologies. This so-called “character amnesia” has recently attracted a great deal of concern from a large number of observers, especially within the People's Republic of China. Unsurprisingly, many of the concerned participants involved in the discourse on this issue tend to rely on various empirical means in order to illustrate why they consider “character amnesia” such a worrying phenomenon. This article argues, however, that the bulk of this empirical support is unreliable and/or invalid. The article also suggests possible amendments which could hopefully lead to a better understanding of this important subject.
Wet Spots as Hotspots: Moisture Responses of Nitric and Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Poorly Drained Agricultural Soils
Authors: Hall S. J. , Reyes L. , Huang W. , Homyak P. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA classic framework for soil nitrogen (N) cycling, the hole in the pipe (HIP) model, posits a trade‐off in emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) as a function of soil moisture. This has been incorporated into ecosystem models but not tested experimentally and remains an important uncertainty for understanding potential hotspots of reactive N emissions: poorly drained agricultural soils that experience episodically high moisture following intensive fertilization. We incubated soils at moisture ranging from 44% to 100% water‐filled pore space (WFPS). Counter to HIP, we did not observe a consistent trade‐off in NO and N2O emissions at intermediate moisture levels following fertilization, and prefertilization emissions were low. Emissions of N as N2O exceeded NO by 2–200‐fold at all moisture levels and peaked at 73–82% WFPS. Emissions of NO declined with moisture but remained significant even under saturated conditions. Increases in nitrite and reduced iron at high moisture indicated possible NO production from chemodenitrification. Potential nitrification rates were 100–1,000‐fold greater than potential denitrification. Emission factors for fertilizer N ranged from 0.05% to 0.58% (mean = 0.2%) for NO and from 0.4% to 16.9% (mean = 5.3%) for N2O. Our results caution the use of WFPS to predict NO:N2O emission ratios as often employed in ecosystem models. Subsurface N cycling may suppress emissions of NO relative to N2O, and N2O emissions can persist under saturated conditions. Elevated N2O emissions from in‐fieldwet spotscomprising a small landscape extent could potentially address disparities between top‐down and bottom‐up N2O budgets.