bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of personality on reasoning
Authors: Fumero Ascensión , Santamaría Carlos , Johnson-Laird Phil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ability to reason depends on intelligence, but preferences for different sorts of reasoning may depend on an individual’s personality. The possibility is unlikely if reasoning is akin to a formal proof in logic. But, such effects are predicted from the theory that reasoning is a semantic process of envisaging possibilities consistent with the meanings of premises and knowledge. According to the standard ‘big five’ model of personality, individuals differ in their openness to experience and in their conscientiousness. Certain inferential problems are ambiguous, e.g., if a pilot falls from a plane without a parachute then the pilot dies; this pilot didn’t die; how come? A deductive response is: the pilot didn’t fall from a plane without a parachute; an inductive response is: the plane was on the ground. Highly conscientious individuals who are also less open to experience should focus on the possibilities consistent with the premises, and tend to make a deduction, whereas those who are open to experience and not very conscientious should go beyond these possibilities, and tend to make an induction. Here we show that these biases occurred both for stable personality traits and for the same attitudes induced experimentally, either from false feedback about performance in a personality test or from participants’ recall of autobiographical episodes illustrating the required attitudes. Researchers have often assumed that reasoning is a universal akin to the ability to use natural language. They have also assumed that personality traits are stable with constant effects on cognition and behaviour. Our results imply that neither assumption is invariably correct. They also corroborate the semantic view of human reasoning, and may lead to the discovery of other effects of personality traits, such as extraversion and neuroticism, on reasoning.
A comparative analysis of 21 literature search engines
Authors: Acharya Kshitish , Kasliwal Greta , Haridas Haritha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith increasing number of bibliographic software, scientists and health professionals either make a subjective choice of tool(s) that could suit their needs or face a challenge of analyzing multiple features of a plethora of search programs. There is an urgent need for a thorough comparative analysis of the available bio-literature scanning tools, from the user’s perspective. We report results of the first time semi-quantitative comparison of 21 programs, which can search published (partial or full text) documents in life science areas. The observations can assist life science researchers and medical professionals to make an informed selection among the programs, depending on their search objectives. Some of the important findings are: 1. Most of the hits obtained from Scopus, ReleMed, EBImed, CiteXplore, and HighWire Press were usually relevant (i.e. these tools show a better precision than other tools). 2. But a very high number of relevant citations were retrieved by HighWire Press, Google Scholar, CiteXplore and Pubmed Central (they had better recall). 3. HWP and CiteXplore seemed to have a good balance of precision and recall efficiencies. 4. PubMed Central, PubMed and Scopus provided the most useful query systems. 5. GoPubMed, BioAsk, EBIMed, ClusterMed could be more useful among the tools that can automatically process the retrieved citations for further scanning of bio-entities such as proteins, diseases, tissues, molecular interactions, etc. The authors suggest the use of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and HighWire Press - for better coverage, and GoPubMed - to view the hits categorized based on the MeSH and gene ontology terms. The article is relavant to all life science subjects.
Smoking-induced long-lasting modifications of human platelet serotonin catabolism through a MAO epigenetic regulation
Authors: Launay Jean-Marie , Del Pino Muriel , Chironi Gilles , Callebert Jacques , Peoc’h Katell , Mégnien Jean-Louis , Mallet Jacques , Simon Alain , Rendu Francine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPostulating that serotonin, secreted from smoking-activated platelets, could be involved in smoking-induced vascular modifications, we studied 115 men distributed in smokers (S), former smokers (FS) and never smokers (NS). The platelet serotonin content was similar in S and NS but lower in FS. This was unexpected because the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, which catabolizes serotonin, was inhibited during smoking. However, the amount of platelet MAO was higher in S and FS than in NS. The persistent elevated MAO amount in FS prompted us to study the methylation of its gene promoter in an additional series of patients: it was markedly lower for S and FS vs. NS due to cigarette smoke-induced increase of nucleic acid demethylase activity. This smoking-induced demethylation of the MAO gene promoter, resulting in high MAO amount persisting long after quitting smoking, has cardiovascular consequences and could impact fields such as behavior, mental health, and cancer.
Music in the first days of life
Authors: Perani Daniela , Saccuman Maria Cristina , Scifo Paola , Spada Danilo , Andreolli Guido , Rovelli Rosanna , Baldoli Cristina , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn adults, specific neural systems with right-hemispheric weighting are necessary to process pitch, melody and harmony, as well as structure and meaning emerging from musical sequences. To which extent does this neural specialization result from exposure to music or from neurobiological predispositions? We used fMRI to measure brain activity in 1 to 3 days old newborns while listening to Western tonal music, and to the same excerpts altered, so as to include tonal violations or dissonance. Music caused predominant right hemisphere activations in primary and higher-order auditory cortex. For altered music, activations were seen in the left inferior frontal cortex and limbic structures. Thus, the newborn&apos;s brain is able to plenty receive music and to figure out even small perceptual and structural differences in the music sequences. This neural architecture present at birth provides us the potential to process basic and complex aspects of music, a uniquely human capacity.
Weight Stigma and Educators' Perceptions of Children's Psychological Symptoms
Authors: Pryor John , Reber Laura 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective:
To investigate whether weight stigma influences educators' judgments about psychological symptoms in children.

Design:
Experimental study manipulating the weight status of children with school problems and examining implicit and explicit anti-fat attitudes as potential moderators of stigmatizing judgments.

Subjects:
188 pre-service educators.

Measurements:
Attributions of laziness as primary dependent variable plus measures of implicit and explicit anti-fat attitudes as potential moderators.

Results:
Educators were more likely to attribute laziness to overweight children with school problems. Implicit anti-fat attitudes moderated this effect.

Conclusion:
Spontaneous anti-fat attitudes were importantly related to educators' biases in understanding the psychological problems of obese children at school. Educators with more negative implicit anti-fat attitudes were more likely to attribute the school-relevant psychological symptoms of obese children to laziness. Explicit anti-fat attitudes did not moderate these attributions.
Chronic thoracic hemisection spinal cord injury in adult rats induces a progressive decline in transmission from uninjured fibers to lumbar motoneurons
Authors: Arvanian Victor , Schnell Lisa , Lou Li , Golshani Roobeh , Hunanyan Arsen , Ghosh Arko , Pearse Damien , Robinson John , Schwab Martin , Fawcett James , Mendell Lorne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough most spinal cord injuries are anatomically incomplete, only limited functional recovery has been observed in people and rats with partial lesions. To address why surviving fibers cannot mediate more complete recovery, we evaluated the physiological and anatomical status of spared fibers after unilateral hemisection (HX) of thoracic spinal cord in adult rats. We made intracellular and extracellular recordings at L5 (below HX) in response to electrical stimulation of contralateral white matter above (T6) and below (L1) HX. Responses from T6 displayed reduced amplitude, increased latency and elevated stimulus threshold in the fibers across from HX, beginning 1-2 weeks after HX. Ultrastructural analysis revealed demyelination of intact axons contralateral to the HX, with a time course similar to the conduction changes. Behavioral studies indicated partial recovery which arrested when conduction deficits began. These findings suggest a chronic pathological state in intact fibers and necessity for prompt treatment to minimize it.
A Thoracic Mechanism of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Due to Blast Pressure Waves
Authors: Courtney Amy , Courtney Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms by which blast pressure waves cause mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are an open question. Possibilities include acceleration of the head, direct passage of the blast wave via the cranium, and propagation of the blast wave to the brain via a thoracic mechanism. The hypothesis that the blast pressure wave reaches the brain via a thoracic mechanism is considered in light of ballistic and blast pressure wave research. Ballistic pressure waves, caused by penetrating ballistic projectiles or ballistic impacts to body armor, can only reach the brain via an internal mechanism and have been shown to cause cerebral effects. Similar effects have been documented when a blast pressure wave has been applied to the whole body or focused on the thorax in animal models. While vagotomy reduces apnea and bradycardia due to ballistic or blast pressure waves, it does not eliminate neural damage in the brain, suggesting that the pressure wave directly affects the brain cells via a thoracic mechanism. An experiment is proposed which isolates the thoracic mechanism from cranial mechanisms of mTBI due to blast wave exposure. Results have implications for evaluating risk of mTBI due to blast exposure and for developing effective protection.
Trichoplax, the simplest known animal, contains an estrogen-related receptor but no estrogen receptor: Implications for estrogen receptor evolution
Authors: Baker Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough, as their names imply, estrogen receptors [ERs] and estrogen-related receptors [ERRs] are related transcription factors, their evolutionary relationships to each other are not fully understood. To elucidate the origins and evolution of ERs and ERRs, we searched for their orthologs in the recently sequenced genome of Trichoplax, the simplest known animal, and in the genomes of three lophotrochozoans: Capitella, an annelid worm, Helobdella robusta, a leech, and Lottia gigantea, a snail. BLAST searches found an ERR in Trichoplax, but no ER. BLAST searches also found ERRs in all three lophotrochozoans and invertebrate-like ERs in Capitella and Lottia, but not in Helobdella. Unexpectedly we find that the Capitella ER sequence is closest to ER[beta], unlike the other invertebrate ER sequences, which are closest to ER[alpha]. Our database searches and phylogenetic analysis indicate that invertebrate ERs evolved in a lophotrochozoan and steroid-binding ERs evolved in a deuterostome.
Validated, Ultra Violet Spectroscopy method for the Dissolution study of Mycophenolate mofetil immediate release 500mg tablets
Authors: Verma Surajpal , Alam Ozair , Mullick Pooja , Siddiqui Nadeem , Khan Suroor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple, selective and precise dissolution method was developed and validated for the Mycophenolate mofetil immediate release tablets. The method employed dissolution medium 0.1N HCl (pH1.2) and volume 900ml with USP-II apparatus (Paddle). Detection was made by measuring the absorbance on UV at the [lambda]~max~ 250nm. The method show the linearity in the range of conc. 5[micro]g/ml to 40[micro]g/ml with r^2^=0.999. The method is also validated as per International Conference of Harmonization guidelines. The method showed the specificity with standard deviation 0.00. The method is repeatable, selective and accurate for the dissolution study of Mycophenolate mofetil immediate release tablets.
Interruption of [beta]-Catenin Signaling Reduces Neurogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease Brains
Authors: He Ping , Staufenbiel Matthias , Shen Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough studies show new neurons generated from progenitor cells in a healthy adult neocortex, neurogenic potential derived from stem/progenitor cells in the cortex of Alzheimer's patients still remains unsolved. In this study, we isolated the glial progenitor cells (GPCs) from the cortex of healthy (HC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The AD-GPCs displayed reduced capability to renew and decreased production of new neurons. Interestingly, we found significant reduction of [beta]-catenin in AD-GPCs compared to HC while glycogen synthase kinase 3[beta] (GSK-3[beta]) was promoted. Moreover, we found both increased phosphorylation of [beta]-catenin in AD-GPCs and their progeny cells. Amyloid [beta] peptide (A[beta]) treatment results in increase of GSK-3[beta] and a reduction of [beta]-catenin, ultimately impairment of neurogenesis of GPCs. Similar results were observed in GPCs from AD transgenic mice. These results suggest that decreased [beta]-catenin signaling by A[beta] may be one of causes for the lack of neurogenesis in AD-GPCs.
Seasonal changes in brain serotonin transporter binding in short 5-HTTLPR-allele carriers but not in long-allele homozygotes
Authors: Kalbitzer Jan , Erritzoe David , Holst Klaus , Nielsen Finn , Marner Lisbeth , Lehel Szabolcs , Arentzen Tine , Jernigan Terry , Knudsen Gitte 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral findings suggest seasonal variations in the serotonin (5-HT) system. We sought evidence for seasonal variation in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT). We found that length of daylight time in minutes correlates negatively with 5-HTT binding in the putamen and the caudate, with a similar tendency in the thalamus, but no such association in the midbrain. In the putamen, an anatomical region with a dense serotonin innervation that is implicated in processing of aversive stimuli, we found a significant gene*daylight effect with a negative correlation between the 5-HTT binding and daylight time in carriers of the short 5-HTTLPR allele, but not in carriers of the long allele. The neurobiological endophenotype identified here directly links activation studies, showing responses on the neural circuit level, with dynamic changes in transporter expression measured in vivo.
The use of coral as a graft in a large cortical bone defect
Authors: Eskandar Hassan , Zulmi Wan , Suzina Abdul Hamid , Samsudin Abd Rani 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of coral as space filler in a large cortical bone defect was studied. Twelve Australian White Rabbit were divided into 8 and 12 week group. All rabbits were operated to create a 2.5cm defect in right tibia and replaced with coral; partially covered with the free autologous non-vascularized periosteum harvested from contralateral tibia. The coral was transfixed and the leg was immobilized with Plaster of Paris. At the end of 8th and 12th week, all the rabbits were assessed clinically, radiologically and sacrified for histology evaluation. Bony union achieved in 3 out of 5 rabbits at 8th week while 3 out of 4 at 12th supported by radiological studies. Histological examination showed healing at coral-cortical junction by callus formation with simultaneous osteoblasts invasion into the coral at 8th week and later coral disintegration and calcification of newly formed bony matrices with marrow fat formation at 12th week.
Return of Kosi river induced by Tibet earthquake
Authors: Mukherjee Saumitra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeismotectonics and change in river courses were correlated. Following the elastic rebound theory before the occurrence of the earthquake the subsurface rocks accumulate the energy by the tectonic movement. The Kosi river barrage was broken due to the tectonic forces accumulation in the south of Tibet Himalayas. Kosi river originates from Tibetan Himalayas and any disturbance in Tibet plateau has the potential to change the river course.
Low Protein Diet Consumption Antagonize the Age-associated Change in Hypothalamic GABA Receptor activity
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Bidhan , Chakrabarti Lina , Poddar Mrinal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmounts of dietary protein as well as the duration of its supplementation are criticalfactors that correlate with the hypothalamic GABAergic activity and immune functionduring aging. Here we evaluate the effect of low (5%) and high (40%) protein diet on thefunctional state of hypothalamic GABA receptor in the aging brain in albino rats. Longterm(LT; for 30 consecutive days) supplementation of low protein diet (LDP) retardedthe age-associated (3 to 18 months) (a) loss of both low and high affinity hypothalamicGABA receptor sensitivity and (b) increase of high affinity GABA receptor density.Short-term (ST; for 7 consecutive days) consumption of the same protein diet showedless effect than that observed under LT period. High protein diet (HPD), on the otherhand, under LT period potentiated the age-induced loss of both high and low affinityhypothalamic GABA receptor sensitivity, without any significant change in age associatedincrease in high affinity hypothalamic GABA receptor density. These results thus suggest that the age-induced changes in hypothalamic GABA receptor sensitivity and density may be (i) antagonised by long-term supplementation of LPD by restoring the age-associated loss of sensitivity of both low and high affinity and increase in density of only high affinity hypothalamic GABA receptor and (ii) augmented by long-term intake of HPD by potentiating only the age-associated loss of sensitivity of hypothalamic GABA receptor of both the affinity sites.
Preen Gland-Secreted Alkanols Enhance Male Attractiveness in Parrots
Authors: Zhang Jian-Xu , Wei Wei , Zhang Jin-Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe skin glands are widely used in pheromone production throughout the vertebrate worlds. Growing evidences show that birds also have chemical communication, but the uropygial (also called preen or oil) glands, serving as only specialized skin glands of birds, have no sex pheromones characterized. Here, by combining GC-MS analysis and bioassay, we show with the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus, that birds can used the preen gland-secreted volatiles (a blend of octadecanol, nonadecanol and eicosanol for male budgerigars) spread over body plumage when preening to convey sex information. Here, we first report the avian pheromones derived from the uropyginal gland and suggests that the gland has broader implications than previously known (e.g. plumage waterproofing and reflectance in sexual behaviour of birds.
On the difference between exclosures and enclosures in ecology and the environment
Authors: Aerts Raf , Nyssen Jan , Haile Mitiku 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRehabilitation of degraded land in arid and semiarid environments often involves excluding livestock from degraded sites, creating what are usually but unfortunately not consistently, called exclosures. Their main objective is to allow native vegetation to regenerate as a means of providing fodder and woody biomass, to reduce soil erosion and to increase rain water infiltration. We are concerned that some of the alternative names for this practice that are reported in the international literature, including closed area, area closure and enclosure, may lead to confusion and misunderstanding, especially when these are used as synonyms. Here we aim to illustrate the difference between exclosures and enclosures using recent ecological and environmental literature and provide guidance for their proper use.
Performance of the Charniak-Lease parser on biological text using different training corpora
Authors: Callahan Alison , Dumontier Michel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPOS tagging is used as the first step in many NLP workflows, although the accuracy of tag assignment frequently goes unchecked. We hypothesize that changing the training corpora for a parser will affect its POS tagging of a target corpus. To this end we train the Charniak-Lease parser on the WSJ corpus and two biomedical corpora and evaluate its output to MedPost, a POS tagger with a reported 97% accuracy on biomedical text. Our findings indicate that using biomedical training corpora significantly improves performance, but that minor differences in the biomedical training corpora have a significant effect on the correctness of POS tagging. Specifically, the tagging of hyphenated words and verbs was affected. This work suggests that the choice of training corpora is crucial to domain targeted NLP analysis.
Dibutyltin Disrupts Glucocorticoid Receptor Function and Impairs Glucocorticoid-induced Suppression of Cytokine Production
Authors: Gumy Christel , Chandsawangbhuwana Charlie , Dzyakanchuk Anna , Kratschmar Denise , Baker Michael , Odermatt Alex 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background.
Organotins are highly toxic and widely distributed environmental chemicals. Dibutyltin (DBT) is used as stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride plastics, and it is also the major metabolite formed from tributyltin (TBT) in vivo. DBT is immunotoxic, however, the responsible targets remain to be defined. Due to the importance of glucocorticoids in immune-modulation, we investigated whether DBT could interfere with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function.Methodology. We used HEK-293 cells transiently transfected with human GR as well as rat H4IIE hepatoma cells and native human macrophages and human THP-1 macrophages expressing endogenous receptor to study organotin effects on GR function. Docking of organotins was used to investigate the binding mechanism. Principal findings. We found that nanomolar concentrations of DBT, but not other organotins tested, inhibit ligand binding to GR and its transcriptional activity. Docking analysis indicated that DBT inhibits GR activation allosterically by inserting into a site close to the steroid-binding pocket, which disrupts a key interaction between the A-ring of the glucocorticoid and the GR. DBT inhibited glucocorticoid-induced expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and tyrosine-aminotransferase (TAT) and abolished the glucocorticoid-mediated transrepression of TNF-[alpha]-induced NF-[kappa]B activity. Moreover, DBT abrogated the glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-[alpha] production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated native human macrophages and human THP-1 macrophages.

Conclusions.
DBT inhibits ligand binding to GR and subsequent activation of the receptor. By blocking GR activation, DBT may disturb metabolic functions and modulation of the immune system, providing an explanation for some of the toxic effects of this organotin.