bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic study of 10‐propionyloxy camptothecin in rats
Authors: Zheng Jian , Shao Changmin , Fan Bo , Jing Lijia , Li Siyang , Yan Xiufeng , Wang Yang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the present study, a 10‐position modified of camptothecin, 10‐propionyloxy camptothecin (PCPT) was esterified from 10‐hydroxcamptothecin (HCPT), which could metabolize to HCPT in vivo. PCPT displayed a relatively stronger antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Thereafter a simple, sensitive and rapid HPLC method coupled with a fluorescence detector was developed and validated for the assay of PCPT and its active metabolite HCPT in rat plasma. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity and recovery. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of PCPT in rats after intravenous administration. The results showed that PCPT could be mainly converted to HCPT in plasma with the AUC0‐∞ value of 3.69 ± 4.44 and 311.16 ± 188.81 ng h/mL for PCPT and HCPT, respectively.
A hybrid method for the determination of tubeimoside I in rat plasma after oral administration by LC‐IT‐TOF and UPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Lifang , Yang Xianzhao , Ye Yongan , Tu Pengfei , Wang Jinling 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTubeimoside I (Tub) is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bolbostemma paniculatum[Maxim]Franquet. A sensitive and validated method was developed to determine Tub in rat plasma. This method combined the qualitative and quantitative advantages from liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid ion trap‐time of flight mass spectrometer (HPLC‐DAD‐IT‐TOF‐MS) and a triple quadrupole–linear ion trap mass spectrometer 5500 (Qtrap 5500), owing to the narrow molecular range of Qtrap 5500 relative to the molecular weight of Tub. Initially, ion detection was achieved using negative ionization mode along with full scan on IT‐TOF‐MS. The detected precursor and product ions of Tub with the optimal mass parameters were determined on Qtrap 5500 by an online stepped optimization strategy and operated in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode. A simple methanol precipitation was employed with saikosaponin A as internal standard. The method was validated over the range from 20 to 2000 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 20 ng/mL for Tub in plasma. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of Tub in rats following oral administration. Moreover, this method has some directive significance for the determination of other drugs whose parent ions exceeding the upper detection limit in Qtrap 5500.
Simultaneous determination of nine analytes related to the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy in diabetic rat cortex and hippocampus by HPLC‐FLD
Authors: Huang Dan , Jiang Qing‐Song , Yang Jun‐Qing , Cui Ting , Wang Nian‐Ru , Du Ting‐Ting , Jiang Xin‐Hui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe determination of amino acids and monoamine with actions like neurotransmitters or modulators has become increasingly important for studying the relationship between the dysfunction of neurotransmitters and the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy. Here, a high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed to simultaneously determine nine monoamines and amino acids including three excitatory neurotransmitters (aspartate, glutamate, and serotonin), four inhibitory neurotransmitters (glycine,γ‐aminobutyric acid, taurine, dopamine), a precursor of 5‐HT (tryptophan) and methionine using homoserine as the internal standard. The separation was performed on a BDS column with methanol‐buffer solution of 35 mmol/L sodium acetate and 5 mmol/L citric acid (pH 6.0) using a simple gradient elution. Several parameters including specificity, precision, and recovery were validated after optimization of the analytical conditions. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the cortex and the hippocampus samples from Sprague–Dawley rats. Our results showed that various neurotransmitters involved in diabetes mellitus may tend to be differentially modulated and present a different alteration tendency at different time course, which might be associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus.
Between norms and practice: Civil society perspectives on the legitimacy of multistakeholder initiatives to eliminate child labor
Authors: Boersma Martijn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChild labor in global supply chains is increasingly addressed through multistakeholder initiatives. However, the participation of stakeholders with distinct views and interests can generate tensions. Based on interviews with civil society actors, this research finds that tensions exist between the normative‐ethical and political‐strategic dimensions of multistakeholder initiatives, which are manifest in the existence of international and national norms and their contextual application, in definitions of child labor, risk and responsibility, and in doubts about corporate incentives to join multistakeholder initiatives. In addition, tensions exist concerning the effectiveness of supply chain auditing, enabling broader labor rights as a means to remediate child labor, and whether standards need to be mandatory or self‐regulation suffices. The success of collaboration depends on the effective navigation of these tensions. Failure to do so can undermine the legitimacy of multistakeholder initiatives from the perspective of civil society actors. The research finds that due diligence, in the shape of human rights risk assessments, is not subject to normative‐ethical/political‐strategic tensions, and can play a key role in the success of multistakeholder initiatives and the fight against child labor.
Sustainable value and trade‐offs: Exploring situational logics and power relations in a UK brewery's malt supply network business model
Authors: Brennan Geraldine , Tennant Mike 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConceptualizing firms from a business ecosystem, value‐ or supply‐network perspective captures the boundary‐spanning nature of value creation. However, the relationship dynamics that enable or inhibit sustainable value creation, as well as the understanding of how to resolve trade‐offs in sustainable supply chain management, need to be better understood. To explore these, we present a comparative case study of how situational logics and power relations are embedded in business models within a UK brewer and its malt supply chain. The exploratory case illustrates how network‐centric business model innovation resolves the trade‐off between economic and environmental value through the prioritization of sustainability‐related ‘cultural’ resources. These findings suggest that organizations seeking to implement sustainable supply networks need to pay greater attention to how they use business model innovation to institutionalize situational logics that enable or inhibit sustainable value creation and resolve trade‐offs.
An economic model of circular supply network dynamics: Toward an understanding of performance measurement in the context of multiple stakeholders
Authors: Brown Paul James , Bajada Christopher 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) is increasingly being seen as a way in which organizations and economies can become environmentally sustainable. In this context, a key challenge facing multiple‐stakeholder collaborations in circular supply networks (CSNs) is the need to coordinate activities, as well as to monitor and benchmark sustainability performance. The limited formal analysis of CE production dynamics and performance indicators of activities in the CSN has contributed to these challenges. To address this we develop an economic model of material flow in a CSN that incorporates multiple stakeholder effects, and two novel performance indicators that: (i) estimate the joint effects of the speed of recycling, and the effectiveness of collection and conversion of recycled material on production; and (ii) a measure of the upper bound production possibilities for a given recyclable material cycling through a CSN. These indicators will be informative for monitoring, benchmarking and incentivizing performance across CSNs and informing public policy debates and strategies.
Developmental impairments in moral competence as mitigation in capital cases
Authors: Walker Robert , Clark James J. , Monahan Edward C. , Shechet Art , Agharkar Bhushan S. , Kheibari Athena , Victor III Grant 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article we propose a mitigation approach in those capital murder cases where traditional mitigation themes such as mental illness or low IQ are not present. To avoid prosecution characterization of these defendants as simply evil or antisocial personalities, we suggest reframing the issue as one of moral incompetence, based not on character defect but rather stemming from profoundly neglectful or abusive parenting. Under this reframing, defense teams would present evidence about the many antecedents of poor moral competence, its origins in neglect or abuse, its neurophysiological basis, and, most importantly, its potential for change. Evaluation in such cases would pay close attention to early childhood and family characteristics. We also recommend presentation of research findings showing how moral competence can be improved in adulthood, given appropriate guidance and support. This approach to mitigation is consistent with much of the developmental literature. But juror responses to these mitigation themes are as yet unknown.
Cast into doubt: Free will and the justification for punishment
Authors: Koppel Stephen , Fondacaro Mark , Na Chongmin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCriminal punishment is justified on either retributive or consequential grounds. The retributive justification is premised on a common‐sense view of free will: offenders can freely choose to commit crimes and so deserve blame for their actions. The consequentialist justification, in contrast, is not necessarily premised on the free will concept, but rather justifies punishment when it is the most cost‐effective way of preventing crime. Science elucidating the mechanistic causes of human behavior has thrown the notion of free will into doubt, leading some to predict a shift in public support away from retribution towards consequentialism. Past research shows that free will doubt weakens support for retribution, but less is known about its effects on support for consequentialism, or about whether these effects differ across the crime severity spectrum. In this study, we explore the effects of free will doubt on support for retribution and consequentialism in response to three different categories of crime – drug crime, property crime, and violent crime – which have been shown to evoke varying levels of emotion. We find clear inconsistencies across the crime spectrum. For high affect crime, free will doubt weakens support for retribution via blame, and increases support for consequentialism. For low affect crime, free will doubt weakens support for retribution to an even greater extent, yet also decreases support for consequentialism via blame. These findings suggest that, as science reveals the mechanistic causes of criminal behavior, support for criminal punishment will decrease, especially with respect to less serious crimes.
Comparing public concern and support for drone regulation to the current legal framework
Authors: Zwickle Adam , Farber Hillary B. , Hamm Joseph A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study we assess the extent to which the regulations governing the use of drones in the United States address the concerns held by the public they are meant to protect. In general, respondents were most supportive of those regulations that could be categorized as limiting one's exposure to an unwanted drone. The most popular policies were those that protected personal privacy, while the least popular were those that hampered drones used for public safety. The largest discrepancy was found to be respondents' preference for laws protecting personal privacy compared with the lack of regulatory constraints currently in place. Federal regulators have only begun to introduce regulations on how drones can be used in our national airspace, with additional regulations for other types and sizes of drones likely to be introduced in the future. The results of this study may be utilized by regulators and lawmakers to create a regulatory structure that effectively mitigates risk and supports the public interest.
Effects of the Atmosphere in a Hydrothermal Process on the Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of Cerium Oxide
Authors: Yuán Sàisài , Liu Sixiao , Zhang Qitao , Zhang Ming , Xu Bin , Ohno Teruhisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe hydrothermal method is widely applied in nanomaterials synthesis, and most of the influencing factors have already been taken into account. However, the effect of atmosphere in solution on the performance of nanomaterials has been underestimated for a long time. In this article, reaction solvents were saturated with three classical gases (argon, oxygen, and carbon dioxide), and then heated at 180 °C for 24 h to obtain the cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. The properties of the three types of CeO2 are significantly different from that of the normal CeO2 (without gas saturation). The morphologies of the prepared CeO2 particles are different, even appear the hollow structure in CeO2−CO2 (synthesized in CO2 saturated condition). The more absorbing and meaningful thing is that the photocatalytic activity of CeO2−CO2 has been greatly improved. The concordance of the CO2 atmosphere (acid gas) and CeO2 (owning substantial content of basic sites) is the key point for the excellent photocatalytic performance.
Methyl Methacrylate HIPE Solely Stabilized by Fluorinated Di‐block Copolymer for Fabrication of Highly Porous and Interconnected Polymer Monoliths
Authors: Azhar Umair , Zong Chuanyong , Wan Xiaozheng , Xu Anhou , Yabin Zhang , Liu Jitao , Zhang Shuxiang , Geng Bing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPreparation of stable water‐in‐oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) containing methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer as oil phase is a difficult task due to the significant solubility of MMA in water. Here, for the first time a fluorinated di‐block copolymer (FDBC) poly (2‐dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate‐b‐poly (trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA‐b‐PTFEMA) is proposed to stabilize HIPEs of MMA without the use of any co‐stabilizer or thickening agent. Fluorinated segments in FDBC anchored well at oil/water interface of HIPE, offering high hydrophobicity to the partially hydrophilic MMA monomer and in turn stabilization to MMA‐HIPE. By using fluorinated di‐block copolymer as stabilizer, highly stable HIPEs can be obtained. In addition, highly interconnected porous monoliths were obtained after free radical polymerization, which are highly desirable materials in various practical applications including tissue engineering scaffolds, separation science, bio‐engineering and so on. The as‐prepared MMA‐HIPEs possess high thermal stability without phase separation. The textural characteristics of as‐prepared composites, such as pore size and distribution, can be easily controlled by simply varying the amount of FDBC and/or dispersed phase fraction. Moreover, the influence of di‐block concentration on water uptake (WU) capability of the prepared porous monoliths is explored.
Orthogonal γPNA Dimerization Domains Empower DNA Binders with Cooperativity and Versatility Mimicking that of Transcription Factor Pairs
Authors: Yu Zutao , Hsieh Wei‐Che , Asamitsu Sefan , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Ly Danith H. , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSynthetic molecules capable of DNA binding and mimicking cooperation of transcription factor (TF) pairs have long been considered a promising tool for manipulating gene expression. Our previously reported Pip‐HoGu system, a programmable DNA binder pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides (PIPs) conjugated to host–guest moiety, defined a general framework for mimicking cooperative TF pair‐DNA interactions. Here, we supplanted the cooperation modules with left‐handed (LH) γPNA modules: i.e., PIPs conjugated with nucleic acid‐based cooperation system (Pip‐NaCo). LH γPNA was chosen because of its bioorthogonality, sequence‐specific interaction, and high binding affinity toward the partner strand. From the results of the Pip‐NaCo system, cooperativity is highly comparable to the natural TF pair‐DNA system, with a minimum energetics of cooperation of −3.27 kcal mol−1. Moreover, through changing the linker conjugation site, binding mode, and the length of γPNAs sequence, the cooperative energetics of Pip‐NaCo can be tuned independently and rationally. The current Pip‐NaCo platform might also have the potential for precise manipulation of biological processes through the construction of triple to multiple heterobinding systems.
Neutral, Cationic and Hydride‐substituted Siloxygermylenes
Authors: Roy Matthew M. D. , Fujimori Shiori , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Tokitoh Norihiro , Rivard Eric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe introduction of the labile trimethylsiloxy group to GeII centers in the presence of an N‐heterocyclic carbene donor is reported. The new complex IPr⋅GeCl(OSiMe3) (IPr=[(HCNDipp)2C:]; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) was readily converted into the structurally unique GeII siloxy(hydrido)germylene IPr⋅GeH(OSiMe3)⋅BH3 by treatment with lithium borohydride. Additionally, the reactive siloxygermylene cation [IPr⋅Ge(OSiMe3)]+ was synthesized and clean oxidative addition of CH2Cl2 was demonstrated. The two‐coordinate [IPr⋅Ge(OSiMe3)]+ cation also promoted the catalytic hydroborylation of sterically hindered ketones under mild conditions, with enhanced reactivity stemming from an open coordination site at Ge.
SEPT7‐mediated regulation of Ca2+ entry through Orai channels requires other septin subunits
Authors: Deb Bipan K. , Hasan Gaiti 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOrai channels are plasma membrane resident Ca2+ channels that allow extracellular Ca2+ uptake after depletion of ER‐Ca2+ stores by a process called store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Septins of the SEPT2 subgroup act as positive regulators of SOCE in human nonexcitable cells. SEPT2 subgroup septins form the central core of hetero‐hexameric or hetero‐octameric complexes with SEPT6, SEPT7 and SEPT9 subgroup septins. The presence of fewer septin encoding genes coupled with ease of genetic manipulation allows for better understanding of septin subgroup function in Drosophila. Our earlier findings show that although dSEPT7 reduction does not alter Orai‐mediated Ca2+ entry during SOCE, it results in constitutive activation of Orai channels in resting neurons. Here, we have investigated the role of other septin subgroup members in regulating Orai channel activation in Drosophila neurons by both cellular and functional assays. We show that dSEPT1, a SEPT2 subgroup septin can exist in a complex with dSEPT2 and dSEPT7 in the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila. Our findings suggest that the nature of septin filaments and heteromers obtained after reducing septins of different subgroups alters their ability to regulate Orai channel opening. The molecular mechanisms underlying this complex regulation of Orai function by septins require further cellular investigations.
Expression profile of the STAND protein Nwd1 in the developing and mature mouse central nervous system
Authors: Yamada Seiya , Sakakibara Shin‐ichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe orchestrated events required during brain development, as well as the maintenance of adult neuronal plasticity, highly depend on the accurate responses of neuronal cells to various cellular stress or environmental stimuli. Recent studies have defined a previously unrecognized, broad class of multidomain proteins, designated as signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND), which comprises a large number of proteins, including the apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf1) and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptors (NLRs), central players in cell death and innate immune responses, respectively. Although the involvement of STANDs in the central nervous system (CNS) has been postulated in terms of neuronal development and function, it remains largely unclear. Here, we identified Nwd1 (NACHT and WD repeat domain‐containing protein 1), as a novel STAND protein, expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Structurally, Nwd1 was most analogous to the apoptosis regulator Apaf1, also involved in mitosis and axonal outgrowth regulation in the CNS. Using a specific antibody, we show that, during the embryonic and postnatal period, Nwd1 is expressed in nestin‐positive NSPCs in vivo and in vitro, while postnatally it is found in terminally differentiated neurons and blood vessels. At the subcellular level, we demonstrate that Nwd1 is preferentially located in the cytosolic compartment of cultured NSPCs, partially overlapping with cytochrome c. These observations imply that Nwd1 might be involved in the neuronal lineage as a new STAND gene, including having a pro‐apoptotic or nonapoptotic role, similar to Apaf1.
Stereological analysis of the rhesus monkey entorhinal cortex
Authors: Piguet Olivia , Chareyron Loïc J. , Banta Lavenex Pamela , Amaral David G. , Lavenex Pierre 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe entorhinal cortex is a prominent structure of the medial temporal lobe, which plays a pivotal role in the interaction between the neocortex and the hippocampal formation in support of declarative and spatial memory functions. We implemented design‐based stereological techniques to provide estimates of neuron numbers, neuronal soma size, and volume of different layers and subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex in adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; 5–9 years of age). These data corroborate the structural differences between different subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex, which were shown in previous connectional and cytoarchitectonic studies. In particular, differences in the number of neurons contributing to distinct afferent and efferent hippocampal pathways suggest not only that different types of information may be more or less segregated between caudal and rostral subdivisions, but also, and perhaps most importantly, that the nature of the interaction between the entorhinal cortex and the rest of the hippocampal formation may vary between different subdivisions. We compare our quantitative data in monkeys with previously published stereological data for the rat and human, in order to provide a perspective on the relative development and structural organization of the main subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex in two model organisms widely used to decipher the basic functional principles of the human medial temporal lobe memory system. Altogether, these data provide fundamental information on the number of functional units that comprise the entorhinal‐hippocampal circuits and should be considered in order to build realistic models of the medial temporal lobe memory system.