bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widening the Focus of Science Assessment via Structural Topic Modeling
Authors: Buschhüter David , Pfläging Marisa , Borowski Andreas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traditional assessment has been criticized for being narrow and missing the learners’ strengths. In this paper, we illustrate that unsupervised machine learning, specifically structural topic models (STMs), can assist in identifying potential learning gains inductively and thereby broaden the focus of assessments. The data consist of eighty-four “Views of Nature of Science” (VNOS-C) booklets completed by in-service teachers before and after a teacher development program on the nature of science, nature of scientific inquiry, and partly scientific inquiry. We fitted STMs to identify models with a high association to the covariate time point (pre, post) and confirmed effects concerning two aspects (control of variables and understanding of models). These topics showed to be interpretable as evidence for learning gains and two human coders could reproduce the effects suggested via the STM. These two aspects would have gone unnoticed if we had not employed STMs.
AI for Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Panjwani-Charania Sahrish , Zhai Xiaoming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This review study aims to uncover how artificial intelligence (AI) has been employed to support students with learning disabilities (SWLDs). Of the sixteen reviewed studies, ten were focused on dyslexia, with only one focused on dyscalculia and the remaining focused on learning disabilities in general. The study suggests that only 50% of studies focused on school-age children. Seven types of AI applications were used to support SWLDs, including adaptive learning, facial expression, chat robot, communication assistant, mastery learning, intelligent tutor, and interactive robot. The adaptive learning was the most widely used. Employing the SAMR-LD (i.e., substitute, augment, modify, and redefine—learning disability) model, we found that AI had been utilized in various ways to support SWLDs (four substitutions, six augmentations, two modifications, and four redefinition levels). Findings revealed the potential of AI in supporting SWLDs, but the small number of empirical studies also implies significant gaps and the need for more research on how AI can support SWLDs beyond just identifying and diagnosing a learning disability.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the Growing Actor in Education
Authors: Akgün Selin , Krajcik Joseph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) incorporates the applications of machine-learning systems dominantly within the automated assessment and intelligent tutoring systems. These AI applications have promising potential to increase capacity within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education by supporting the social and cognitive development and learning experiences of students. Despite the affordances, AI applications pose critical ethical and societal challenges; and the issues of ethics and power of AI are largely absent from the discussions of formal or informal K–12 STEM education. Therefore, this chapter aims to bring a critical discourse on (a) the benefits and affordances of AI systems in K–12 STEM education, (b) what counts as an ethical AI system and what macro-ethical issues surround AI systems in education, and (c) what critical pedagogical approaches can be used to teach and raise critical consciousness about the macro-ethical issues of AI in STEM education.
Redemptive nationalism, communication media, and order transformation
Authors: Dougall Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter advances the book’s core theoretical arguments. It begins by unpacking the idea of redemptive nationalism before situating it within a conception of global ordering in which contests over cultural diversity, and thus, legitimate and recognized meanings, are central. Conscripting ideas from outside International Relations (IR), the chapter then develops an account of communication media’s role in the construction of the social world and demonstrates how the concepts of mediatization and affordances help us to grasp it. The chapter concludes by briefly discussing how this framework applies to the work’s empirical case studies, previewing the findings of later chapters.
‘From Empire to Union’
Authors: Dougall Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter advances the first part of the book’s argument about the case of Greater Britain. It begins by introducing the idea of Greater Britain, including how it was understood by its supporters and its conditions of possibility amid communicative expansion and hegemonic decline. Next, the chapter considers how to conceptualize nineteenth-century British imperial communication: as a ‘network’ or a ‘system’. Concluding in favour of the latter conception, it then traces the distributive affordances of the imperial press system. Media’s role in imbuing Britain with its racialized national-imperial character is demonstrated through the examples of South Africa and India.
Exile and enmity
Authors: Dougall Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter advances the first part of the book’s two-part argument about the case of the American New Right. It begins by rejecting the idea that the New Right is newly emergent, instead tracing its origins to factional intra-conservative disputes of the post-war era. It then articulates the nature of the challenge posed by the New Right to the contemporary liberal order. The bulk of the chapter is spent tracing paleoconservatism’s evolution as a mediatized collectivity, having been gradually moved to the sidelines of the conservative media sphere by the mid-1990s. Within this process, I identify two important drivers of the New Right’s overall progress: its remoulding as a consequence of media marginalization, and the ways in which distributive affordances prevented it from making a comeback before the rise of the internet.
Introduction
Authors: Gattinara Pietro Castelli , Pirro Andrea L. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Why and how does the far right engage in non-institutional politics? This book breaks new ground by examining the evolution of far-right movement parties in Europe since the outbreak of the Great Recession. It contends that street politics holds an increasingly important role for the contemporary far right and focuses on hybrid and transitional collective actors like ‘movement parties’. Movement parties run for public office like political parties but uphold the seemingly looser organizational structures, decision-making procedures, and mobilization practices of social movements. The introduction first develops an analytical framework to understand the different logics underlying the protest mobilization of these collective actors. It then presents the data and methods used in the book, highlighting the value of a pluralist approach within a mixed-method research design. Deploying a wealth of original interview, protest event, and social network data, the book integrates insights from party politics and social movement studies, and gives new impetus to the literature on the far right.
The Battle for Control of the Brass and Instruments Business in the French Industrial Revolution
Authors: Diago Ortega José-Modesto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book narrates and analyses the largest judicial battle in culture and industrial property in nineteenth-century Europe (and probably in the world), the echoes of which still ring today. Interestingly, the fight was motivated by some rather simple wind instruments made of brass and their related patents, not by opera—the musical genre that moved the most money and people at the time—or the always revered and contentious high art. The legal confrontation began when a group of French businessmen who built wind instruments saw their business threatened because the Army forced them to use a series of musical instruments that were protected by patents for invention that belonged to Adolphe Sax, the well-known inventor of the saxophone. The first phase (defence) lasted seven years, but it flared up again a few months later when the original defendant took the initiative and simultaneously pursued—this time criminally and for more than thirteen years—several of his competitors also inflicting numerous raids on them. Of course, there were other actors less in sight pulling the strings: the book gives evidence of how political power used economic power and vice versa and provides arguments on how culture articulated the social machinery and was a powerful tool for legitimizing political positions.
Persistance and Jump to Cassation
Authors: Diago Ortega José-Modesto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The time continued to consume the validity of the Sax’s disputed patents and prolonged the impunity of his opponents to continue to manufacture and sell brasswinds freely. However, he appealed to the Court of Cassation—the interpretive apex of the entire French legal system—which, before ruling, had to ask itself whether the summary judgement had a legal substance. Three days before the opening of the first Great Universal Exhibition of London, that Court admitted Sax’s complaint, which was also a safe conduct to compete in England. Meanwhile, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte definitively seized power and re-established the Empire. Sax received one of the highest prizes in London while going through his first bankruptcy. However, the new military leadership had already established ties with him. The chapter analyses all these events, which ended in an unsurprising way (February 1853) with the appeal lodged being considered as lawful and referred to another second-degree court.
Versus Eighteen . . . at the Same Time
Authors: Diago Ortega José-Modesto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses a simultaneous macro-confrontation between Sax’s and eighteen other brass companies. These firms argued that Sax was misusing his saxotromba patent in an abusive manner. The chronicles reported the virulence of these proceedings and that ‘no other [manufacturer] had ever had to endure such a long and fierce struggle against adversaries so powerfully allied and so persistent in reproducing the same theses of attack and defence’. This attests to the corporate character of the rival builders and that they insisted again and again on the same arguments. However, they managed to introduce a new subjective element into the legal debate (the originality of the saxotromba’s timbre), which further convoluted the issue. Therefore, the court asked for an expert opinion which noted obvious flaws in the patent sketches, but recognized that they provided that ‘special sound’, adding incongruities to this whole affair which was also escalated to Cassation.
Tentacles in Strasbourg
Authors: Diago Ortega José-Modesto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
All the entrepreneurs discussed so far were based in Paris, but, as the century progressed, the Industrial Revolution spread and, above all, an extraordinary business was perceived, more and more factories appeared in other parts of France. This chapter focuses on one of them, that of Charles Kretzschmann, based in Strasbourg, and who, for the sake of complexity, was in partnership with Besson. In fact, he was one of the witnesses that Besson provided; after he testified, he also became a defendant and consequently had his instruments and account books seized. This chapter develops this episode and the web that had been woven to maintain the monopoly—the case was escalated twice to Cassation—and to dissuade the increasingly numerous (and competitive) brasswind manufacturers in France.
Endgame and Epilogue
Authors: Diago Ortega José-Modesto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
On the exact day before the saxophone patent expired, Sax inflicted several simultaneous raids on the establishments of various makers, most of them based in Paris, but others from Lyon or Lille. Some of them had been licensees and therefore clients of his in relation to the saxotromba. Sax reported them for trading in minor products that made it possible for the saxophones to sound (mouthpieces, ligatures, reeds. . .) or even for repairing them. Those attacks were declared null and void, including in the Court of Cassation. This chapter explores that episode, the end of such a vast and exaggerated monopoly, and more interestingly, the pressure to adapt to an increasingly large, complex, and competitive market. These pages also develop the achievement of a consumer society around this type of instruments—which confirms a great civilian affection for brasswinds—and also identify other very suggestive economic, political, and cultural factors.
Introduction
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 outlines the aim of the book. It states why locative expressions were selected for the study and why data are drawn from Chadic languages. The chapter presents a brief account of the current approaches to locative expressions and to semantic analysis and descriptions, the two areas in which the volume makes contributions to general linguistics. The chapter also illustrates some of the specific linguistic problems that cannot be explained by the current approaches to semantic analysis and to locative expressions. The crucial contribution of the volume is the finding that the forms of the utterances in a language are determined by the functions encoded in the grammatical system, by the means of coding that the language has and by the locus within the utterance where various functions are coded. The chapter describes the organization of the volume and provides brief descriptions of the contents of individual chapters.
Fundamentals of the current approach
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 presents the theoretical approach and the basic methodology of the present study. The theoretical approach is based on the empirical studies of locative and other domains. The chapter states that the grammatical system of every language encodes a unique semantic structure. The semantic structure consists of functional domains. Each functional domain is comprised of a finite number of functions. Every function within the functional domain shares the defining semantic feature of the domain. The discovery of functions and functional domains proceeds through analysis of the coding means available in the language. The chapter includes a brief list of terms used in the volume.
Locative expressions in Hdi
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 describes locative domain in Hdi (Central Chadic). Hdi is a consistently predicate-initial language, regardless of whether the predicate is verbal or nominal. Verbal inflection in Hdi includes a large set of suffixes, called ‘verbal extensions’, several of which code locative functions. The semantic functions of movement combined with directionality are coded on the verbal piece. The verb and verbal extensions code directionality functions, which include allative, ventive, goal orientation, source orientation, and the motion away of an object. Verbal extensions also code the spatial orientation of the motions up, out, and down. Some verbal extensions code the perfective aspect. The location of an entity or of an event is coded by prepositional phrases. The forms of locative prepositions indicate whether the following noun is inherently locative or not. The totality of coding means in Hdi provides evidence that the language does encode the locative domain in its semantic structure.
Locative expressions in Gidar
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gidar does not code the locative domain in its grammatical system, as evidenced by the lack of distinction between inherently locative and inherently non-locative nouns and verbs, and the absence of markers encoding locative values. Directionality with respect to the complement is marked by locative prepositions. Gidar provides evidence for the importance of functions coded in the locative complement. If the locative complements code directionality toward the goal or away from the source, verbs are not constrained to code just one direction and can occur with several locative complements. The locative expressions in Gidar thus provide evidence for the directionality of a cause-and-effect relationship with respect to the question of whether the properties of verbs determine the form of the locative predication or whether the functions encoded in the locative complements affect the syntactic properties of verbs. The study, combined with the results of analyses of other languages, demonstrates that the latter is the case.
Toward a typology of locative expression in Chadic
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 proposes an explicit statement about the aims of typology and the way it is investigated. The chapter also offers a preliminary typology of locative expressions in Chadic languages. Seven of the eight languages examined encode a locative domain in their semantic structure. Consequences of this encoding include the existence of the distinction between inherently locative and non-locative nouns and, for some languages, the existence of inherently locative and non-locative verbs. The existence of the locative versus non-locative lexical items is a motivating factor for the existence of grammatical markers that code locative predication when the predicate is not inherently locative and a locative complement when the noun in the complement phrase is not inherently locative. The typology of locative domains points to the functions encoded in the locative complement as a motivating factor for the forms of locative predications. In some languages, the functions coded in the locative complement determine syntactic and semantic properties of verbs of motion.
Primate Cognition
Authors: Call Josep , Tomasello Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
First published in 1997, Primate Cognition set the agenda for a new field of study. Borrowing theoretical constructs and paradigms from human cognitive science and developmental psychology, the book reviewed all of the empirical research existing at that time concerning both physical cognition (space and objects, tools and causality, features and categories, and quantities) and social cognition (social knowledge and interaction, social strategies and communication, social learning and culture, and theory of mind). Since that time, research on primate cognition has burgeoned, and this all-new second edition focuses on research conducted after 1997. It is divided into two volumes: the current volume on Primate Social Cognition and a forthcoming volume on Primate Physical Cognition. Existing areas of research are updated with the latest findings, and there are several areas of research that for all practical purposes did not exist at the time of the first edition, for example, on prosocial behaviour, behaviour in social dilemmas, and metacognition. There is also a chapter on theories of primate social cognition and an account of how the human primate fits into the overall evolutionary picture. The second edition of Primate Cognition is intended to be an up-to-date survey of the field.
Social Strategies and Communication
Authors: Tomasello Michael , Call Josep 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the primate research literature on social strategies and communication. It covers naturalistic observations and experiments of how individuals behave to outsmart others, including cases of deception. Next, the chapter focuses on intentional communication. First, it focuses on ape gestural communication by providing an overview of their gestural repertoires, the main types of gestures that they use, and the ontogeny of their gestural acquisition. This section also includes a sub-section of gestural communication in monkeys. Second, it presents the evidence of primate vocal communication which includes social calls, referential calls, call combinations, and multimodal communication. The last section of this chapter is devoted to communication with humans which includes the production and comprehension of deictic pointing, iconic gestures, and the ape language studies in which great apes acquire human-like linguistic skills.
Introduction
Authors: Hewitson Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The term ‘European integration’ was coined by US planners in the late 1940s as a vaguer synonym for ‘union’ or ‘unity’. For the diplomat George F. Kennan, writing to the US State Department on 1 April 1946, integration was essential for the defence of Europe against the USSR in an emerging global order of superpowers. For Paul Hoffman, the head of the Marshall Aid Program Administration, the reconstruction of a European economy seemed to require the economic integration of the continent’s markets. At the time, US planners used ‘integration’ interchangeably with ‘unification’ and the establishment of a ‘federation’ or, even, a ‘United States of Europe’. It was the adoption of the term by subsequent theorists of European integration which led to its wider, more popular usage. The label was also adopted by the EU itself. This chapter addresses a series of large-scale historical questions which are integral to an understanding of the European Union but which are often neglected in the literature. The Introduction surveys this literature and links it to historical research. It asks how matters of ‘security’ affected the development of the European Community during and after the Cold War; how and why citizens of member states have identified with the EU; whether economic and social convergence have taken place, and with what consequences; and how European institutions have come to function, and why.
Soft Power
Authors: Hewitson Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Western Europe became a security community in the post-war era, not by establishing common security structures or institutions, as contemporary theorists expected, but primarily through a progressive marginalization of mutual security concerns in favour of other issues. Although Jean Monnet looked back in his memoirs on security as one of the main reasons for the founding of the European Communities, this objective only became relevant over the longer term. ‘Twenty-five years ago, the urge to have done with our violent past left us no choice but to advance towards a common goal,’ he wrote in 1976: ‘What was decided on then is still just as vital; and now it is part of the everyday of our lives.’ In fact, the period of which Monnet was writing (the late 1940s and early 1950s) was characterized by a level of insecurity—the Soviet threat, the menace of Communism at home, the German question—that could only be dealt with by the United States as a superpower. The prospect of a Soviet intervention provoked strong responses and helped to define ‘the identity of what was first of all a Western or North Atlantic community’ (Ole Waever), leaving European identity naturally secondary and instrumental in relation to that of the ‘West’. Likewise, in this period, the dominant answer to the German question within Germany and among American and European countries was one of ‘Einbindung’ into NATO as well as (what became) the EU, in that order.