bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of weight and height of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders and group of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.
Authors: Pieniawska-Śmiech Karolina , Bar Kamil , Babicki Mateusz , Śmiech Karol , Lewandowicz-Uszyńska Aleksandra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Primary immunodeficiences (PIDs) are a group of chronic, serious disorders in which the immune response is insufficient. In consequence, it leads to an increased susceptibility to infections. Up to date, there are about 300 different disorders classified in that group. There are also patients suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI), however that group doesn't present any abnormalities in terms of conducted immunological tests. Many factors, including medical, can have an impact on physical development of a child. Data such as birth weight and length, also weight, height, BMI during admission to the hospital were collected from 207 patients' medical histories from their hospitalization at Clinical Immunology and Paediatrics ward of J.Gromkowski Hospital in Wrocław. Investigated groups included patients with PIDs, RRTI and a control group of healthy children. Our purpose was to evaluate the physical growth of children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) and children with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) by assessment of their height and weight. All of parameters were evaluated using centile charts suitable best for the Polish population.

Results

The lowest mean birth weight and height was found among the PIDs patients group. Children with PIDs during hospitalization had statistically relevant lower mean weight than the control group and almost 20% of them had their height situated below 3rd percentile. No statistically relevant differences have been found between them and RRTI group. The statistically significant difference was between the nutritional status of PID patients and the control group.

Conclusions

There is a higher percentage of PID patients with physical growth abnormalities in comparison to healthy children. Our findings indicate a need for further investigation of immune system irregularities and their influence on physical growth of children.
Isolating promoters from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6871 and application in CoA synthesis
Authors: Hou Yingshuo , Chen Siyu , Wang Jianjun , Liu Guizhen , Wu Sheng , Tao Yong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background：Corynebacterium ammoniagenes is an important industrial organism that is widely used to produce nucleotides and the potential for industrial production of coenzyme A by Corynebacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6871 has been shown. However, the yield of coenzyme A needs to be improved and the available constitutive promoters are rather limited in this strain.
Results：In this study, 20 putative DNA promoters derived from genes with high transcription levels and 6 promoters from molecular chaperone genes were identified. To evaluate the activity of each promoter, red fluorescence protein (RFP) was used as a reporter. We successfully isolated a range of promoters with different activity levels resulting in different fluorescent intensities. A fragment derived from the upstream sequence of the 50S ribosomal protein L21 (Prpl21) exhibited the strongest activity among the 26 identified promoters. Furthermore, type III pantothenate kinase from Pseudomonas putida (PpcoaA) was overexpressed in C. ammoniagenes under the control of Prpl21, CoA yield increased approximately 4.1 times.
Conclusions：This study provides a paradigm for rational isolation of promoters with different activities and their application in metabolic engineering. These promoters will enrich the available promoter toolkit for C. ammoniagenes and should be valuable in current platforms for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for the optimization of pathways to extend the product spectrum or improve the productivity in C. ammoniagenes ATCC 6871 for industrial applications.
The prevalence of selected non-communicable disease risk factors among HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy in Bushbuckridge Sub-district, Mpumalanga province
Authors: Maimela Eric , Mathebula Rudy Londine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD’s) appear to be increasing in HIV infected people as compared to non-HIV infected people and this will have major implications for clinical care. The aim of the current study was to profile selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among HIV patients on ART in Bushbuckridge sub-district.

Methodology: The current study followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire which was adapted from World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance (WHO STEPS). Participants were HIV people on ART and data was entered into a computer software Microsoft excel, then imported to Stata 12 for analysis.

Results: Seventy-two percent of the 332 participants were females and the overall age distribution among participants increased with increasing age. The overall prevalence of overweight at the initiation of ART amongst the participants was 18.1% and obesity was 11.5% as compared to the time of the study which was 21.4% overweight and 19.6% obese. The baseline and current body mass index at time of study for females had a significant difference (p-value 0.006).

The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 34.6%, overweight was 21.4% obesity was 19.6%. The overall prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 31.9% and females had a higher prevalence of 42.5% as compared to 4.4% of males. The overall prevalence of smoking 10.8% and alcohol consumption was 21.7%. Males were 22.5 times more likely to be smokers than females (p<0.001) and older people were found to be 0.3 times less likely to consume alcohol as compared to young people. The participant who were divorced were 6.2 times more likely to smoke than married participants (p<0.05). Males were 0.08 times less likely to be obese (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The high levels of selected risk factors for NCDs among adults on ART in the current study area suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control risk factors in an era of HIV with an aim of reducing multiple morbidity of chronic diseases. occurrence of NCDs and their risk factors with an aim to achieve positive effects of the long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART).
Job Burnout and its Influence on the Working Ability of Copper-Nickel Miners in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Sun Xuemei , Ge Hua , Zhang Li , Zhang Chen , Liu Jiwen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Job burnout is common among occupational groups.We conducted a questionnaire survey of copper-nickel miners in Xinjiang to investigate the status of, and relationship between, job burnout and working ability. We provide a theoretical basis for alleviating the former and improving the latter.

Methods

According to the main production process stratification of copper-nickel ore (mining unit, beneficiation unit, smelting unit), a self-administered questionnaire survey on the general situation of miners was conducted on the basis of the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory and Work Ability Index Questionnaire among 1400 miners registered in the human resources department of copper and nickel mines by stratified cluster sampling.

Results

A total of 1254 valid questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 89.57%. There were 1116 male miners (89.0%) and 138 female miners (11.0%) aged from 18 to 60 (32.31 ± 9.1) years old. There were 1014 miners with different degrees of burnout, accounting for 80.86% of the total: 432 people reported mild burnout (34.45%), 516 reported moderate burnout (41.15%), and 66 reported high burnout (5.26%). There were significant differences in the degree of burnout according to gender, age, education level, monthly income, and work unit (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the working ability according to age, number of working years, education level, marital status, title, monthly income, and work unit (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in job burnout among copper and nickel miners with different working abilities and the working ability was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and total burnout score (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analyses showed that the education level, title,work units and job burnout level had a pronounced impact on the working ability of miners (p < 0.001); The lower the educational level and the higher the level of job burnout, the lower the working ability.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that job burnout is common among copper and nickel miners. Furthermore, working ability decreases with an increase in job burnout, and reducing job burnout can improve the working ability of copper and nickel miners.
1g versus 2g Daily Intravenous Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Community Onset Pneumonia –a propensity score analysis of data from a Japanese multicenter registry
Authors: Hasegawa Shinya , Sada Ryuichi , Yaegashi Makito , Morimoto Konosuke , Mori Takahiro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Community-onset pneumonia (COP) is a supplant concept of community acquired pneumonia, which includes the previous classification of healthcare-associated pneumonia. Although ceftriaxone (CRO) is one of the treatment choices for COP, it is unclear whether 1 or 2 g CRO daily has better efficacy. We compared the effectiveness of 1 g with 2 g of CRO for COP treatment. We hypothesized that 1 g CRO would show non-inferiority over 2 g CRO.
Methods: This study was an analysis of prospectively registered data from four Japanese hospitals for patients with COP (the Adult Pneumonia Study Group-Japan: APSG-J). Subjects who were initially treated solely with 1 or 2 g of CRO were enrolled. The propensity score was estimated from the 33 pre-treatment variables, including age, sex, weight, pre-existing comorbidities, prescribed drugs prior to admission, risk factors for aspiration pneumonia, vital signs, laboratory data, and findings from chest xrays. The primary endpoint was the cure rate, for which a non-inferiority analysis was performed with a margin of 0.05. In addition, we performed three sensitivity analyses; using data limited to the group in which CRO solely was used until the completion of treatment, using data limited for inpatient cases, and including a generalised linear mixed-effect logistic regression analysis to assess the primary outcome after adjusting for random hospital effects.
Results: Of the 3,817 adult subjects with pneumonia who were registered in the APSG-J study, 290 and 216 were initially treated solely with 1 or 2 g of CRO, respectively. Propensity score matching was used to extract 175 subjects in each group. The cure rate was 94.6% and 93.1% in the 1 and 2 g CRO groups, respectively (risk difference, 1.5%; 95% confidence interval, −3.1 to 6.0; p = 0.009 for non-inferiority). The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary result.
Conclusions: The propensity score-matched analysis of multicenter cohort data from Japan revealed that the cure rate for COP patients treated with 1 g CRO was non-inferior to that of patients treated with CRO.
Analgosedation during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Comparing the clinical effectiveness and safety of remifentanil versus midazolam/propofol
Authors: Lee Hyun , Choe Yeong Hun , Park Seung Yong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: There are limited data regarding the efficacy and safety of remifentanil sedation for diagnostic bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of remifentanil by comparing it with those of the conventional drugs, midazolam and propofol.
Methods: A retrospective study of 186 patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy at Chonbuk National University Hospital was performed. Patients were classified into the remifentanil group and midazolam/propofol group according to the drugs used during bronchoscopy.
Results: Of the 186 patients, 111 patients received remifentanil and 75 received midazolam/propofol during the bronchoscopy. The proportion of patients who required bronchoscopy for endobronchial inspection alone was significantly higher in the midazolam/propofol group than in the remifentanil group (93.3% vs. 71.2%; p < 0.001). In contrast, the proportion of patients who required more invasive procedures, such as bronchoscopic biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, or transbronchial lung biopsy, was significantly higher in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group (27.8% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.001). The recovery time was significantly shorter in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group (mean 6.4 min vs. 11.6 min, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to safety events including desaturation, hypotension, and arrhythmia.
Conclusions: Despite the higher proportion of patients who underwent more invasive procedures in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group, there was no significant difference in safety events between the groups. Those in the remifentanil group also demonstrated a faster recovery time than those in the midazolam/propofol group.
Delay in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis is Associated with Increased Risk of Transmission in Pastoralist Setting, Ethiopia
Authors: Getnet Fentabil , Demissie Meaza , Worku Alemayehu , Gobena Tesfaye , Seyoum Berhanu , Tschop Rea , Girmachew Michael , Assefa Gebeyehu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

To comprehend the effect of delayed care on risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission in a TB prevalent but low case detection area, this study examined the association of diagnosis delay with patient infectiousness (cavitation and smear positivity) and determined the threshold delay that optimizes infectiousness. It also assessed transmission drivers in Somali region of Ethiopia, an area with ample pastoralist population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using 434 new pulmonary TB patients, aged ≥15 years, who were recruited prospectively in five major facilities between December 2017 and October 2018. Data were collected on delays in diagnosis, socio-demographics, clinical and epidemiological information using interview, record-review, anthropometry, sputum microscopy and chest radiography techniques. Log-binomial regression models were used to reveal predictors of cavitation and smear positivity at p<0.05 using Stata/SE®14. C-statistics was applied to determine predictive ability and threshold delay that classifies infectiousness.

Results

Median age of participants was 30 years. Majorities were male (62.9%), nearly half (46.5%) were pastoralist and 2.3% TB/HIV co-infected. Median delay from debut of illness to diagnosis was 49 days (IQR=37). Among all cases, 45.6% [95%CI: 40.9-50.4] had pulmonary cavity and 42.0% [95%CI: 37.3˗46.9] were smear positive. On multivariable analysis, cavitation was higher in patients delayed over a month [P<0.001], ≤35 years [APR (95%CI) =1.3(1.01-1.6)], with chronic diseases [APR (95%CI) =1.8(1.2-2.6)] and low MUAC*female [APR (95%CI) =1.8(1.2-2.8)]. Smear positivity was higher in patients delayed >49 days [p=0.02], ≤35 years [APR (95%CI) =1.4(1.1-1.8)], low BMI [APR (95%CI) =1.3(1.01-1.7)] and low MUAC [APR (95%CI) =1.5(1.2-1.9)]. Delay discriminates cavitation [AUC (95%CI) =0.67(0.62-0.72)] at 43 days optimal cutoff and 74.6% sensitivity.

Conclusion

This study highlights that delay in diagnosis of pulmonary TB remains high and is associated with increased risk of cavitation and smear positivity in pastoral setting in Ethiopia. In pastoral settings, this may call upon a socio-cultural tailored TB prevention and control strategies.
A prospective randomized double-blind trial of the efficacy of a bilateral lumbar erector spinae block on the 24h morphine consumption after posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery
Authors: breebaart margaretha , Aken David Van , De Fré Olivier , Sermeus Luc , Kamerling Niels , Michielsen Jozef , De Jong Lars , Roelant Ella , Saldien Vera , Versyck Barbara 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Spine surgery is associated with considerable postoperative pain and can be challenging to treat. A loco-regional technique suitable for spine surgery should cover the dorsal root of the spinal nerves at the levels where surgery is performed. The erector spinae block is a loco-regional technique with promising results that was recently described at the thoracic level. There are no randomized trials of this technique on a lumbar level. This study tests the hypothesis that the 24hour postoperative morphine consumption is significantly lower in patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery with a lumbar erector spinae (LUMBES) block when compared to a sham block. Methods: This prospective randomized double-blind multicentre study will randomly allocate 80 adult patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery during general anaesthesia to one of two groups as follows: 1. bilateral erector spinae block (20 mL 0.25% levobupivacaine) or 2. bilateral sham block (20 ml NaCl 0.9%). Our primary endpoint is the 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption. Secondary endpoints include: 72-hour morphine consumption, intraoperative sufentanil dosage, postoperative pain scores at regular time intervals both at rest and during movement, time to first post-operative mobilization and the Quality of Recovery 40 score. Discussion: The LUMBES trial is a pragmatic clinical study that will provide evidence of whether a bilateral lumbar erector spinae block is effective in reducing 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption in patients undergoing lumbar inter-body fusion surgery. If this hypothesis is confirmed, this finding could contribute to more widespread implementation of this technique.
Transcriptional characterisation of the Exaiptasia pallida pedal disc
Authors: Davey Peter A , Rodrigues Marcelo , Clarke Jessica L , Aldred Nick 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Biological adhesion (bioadhesion), enables organisms to attach to surfaces as well as to a range of other targets. Bioadhesion evolved numerous times independently and is ubiquitous throughout the kingdoms of life. To date, investigations have focussed on various taxa of animals, plants and bacteria, but the fundamental processes underlying bioadhesion and the degree of conservation in different biological systems remain poorly understood. This study had two aims: 1) To characterise tissue-specific gene regulation in the pedal disc of the model cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida, and 2) to elucidate putative genes involved in pedal disc adhesion.

Results
Five hundred and forty-seven genes were differentially expressed in the pedal disc compared to the rest of the animal. Four hundred and twenty-seven genes were significantly upregulated and one hundred and twenty genes were significantly downregulated. Forty-one condensed gene ontology terms and 19 protein superfamily classifications were enriched in the pedal disc. Eight condensed gene ontology terms and 11 protein superfamily classifications were depleted. Enriched superfamilies were consistent with classifications identified previously as important for the bioadhesion of unrelated marine invertebrates. A host of genes involved in regulation of extra cellular matrix generation and degradation were identified, as well as others related to development and immunity. Ab initio prediction identified 173 upregulated genes that putatively code for extracellularly secreted proteins.

Conclusion
The analytical workflow facilitated identification of genes putatively involved in adhesion, immunity, defence and development of the E. pallida pedal disc. When defence, immunity and development-related genes were identified, those remaining corresponded most closely to formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), implicating ECM in the adhesion of anemones to surfaces. This study therefore provides a valuable high-throughput resource for the bioadhesion community and lays a foundation for further targeted research to elucidate bioadhesion in the Cnidaria.
Intestinal DCs global gene expression dynamics affected by recombinant baker’s yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Han Baoquan , Zhang Tingting , Li Xinyi , Zhao Rui , Ge Wei , Mu Lu , Xu Kun , Zhang Zhiying 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

The baker’s yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been widely used throughout our daily life in diverse aspects for thousands of years. The saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to specifically target the dendritic cells (DCs) in mammalian with a manner of antigen-receptor interaction as described previously. It is necessary to investigate the effect of the baker’s yeasts on global gene expression dynamics of intestinal DCs and explore the possibilities of using baker’s yeast as gene delivery vehicle to modulate animal’s immune functions

Results

with a murine oral delivery model in vivo, we confirmed the feasibility of using budding yeast as gene delivery vehicle to the intestinal DCs using the Western blots. We then examined the transcriptome profile of the mouse intestinal DCs upon yeast stimulus. The enrichment analysis of unique transcripts indicated the beneficial role of yeast in modulating the DC-mediated adaptive immunity. Compared with previous study, we also found that a large fraction of the regulated genes is coincident with the response induced by other fungus, suggesting that the budding yeast induces a similar tailored unique genetic re-programming of DCs. Another analysis of transcriptome profile indicated that expression of β-catenin gene significantly changes DCs gene expression related to inflammatory response and cell adhesion.

Conclusions

Here, we defined the role of budding yeast on global gene expression of intestinal DCs, and confirmed the important role of β-catenin gene on the DCs-related inflammatory response, which provides a framework for the development of mucosa yeast-based DNA vaccine.
A FRONTEIRA DA REALIDADE: RELAÇÃO DE PODER E RECONHECIMENTO TERRITORIAL EM CARTOGRAFIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Nascimento Poliana de Sousa 
Published: June 2019

Esse artigo tem como fundamental ponto de exposição destacar as diferentes relações de poder que permeiam a percepção do território através da elaboração de mapas oficiais organizados para manter o controle territorial pelo Estado; e mapas construindo a partir da relação de pertencimento e conhecimento territorial em territórios pertencentes a povos e comunidades tradicionais destacados em cartografias sociais. Tais cartografias sociais refletem formas de apropriação do conhecimento sobre o território que povos e comunidades tradicionais carregam, colocando em evidência a realidade que desejam destacar. A maneira como expressam suas realidades simbólicas ou territoriais em suas autocartografias, garantem por intermédio desta, um mecanismo de confrontação e de controle de seus próprios territórios em oposição às informações divulgadas por órgãos oficiais.