bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttransplant maintenance therapy for acute leukemias
Authors: Poudel Shyam K. , de Lima Marcos , Metheny Leland 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cures a significant proportion of patients with hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, leukemia recurrence is the main cause of transplant failure. Risk factors for relapse include presence of minimal residual disease and a variety of well-recognized leukemia prognostic factors. Posttransplant therapy could decrease the risk of leukemia relapse and is under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research in maintenance therapy for the prevention of acute leukemia recurrence after allogeneic transplant.

Recent findings
Epigenetic modifiers, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates are among potential maintenance therapies given their side-effect profile and many are currently under investigation. In the posttransplant setting, the phase I/II data are maturing and have been encouraging enough to lead to the initiation of multicenter phase III randomized clinical trials.

Summary
Currently, there is no standard of care for posttransplant maintenance for acute leukemias. Further investigation into the efficacy and safety of posttransplant maintenance is warranted given phase I/II clinical trials results. Beyond chemo-immunotherapy, the use of targeted cellular therapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, is a potential therapy as well.
Arguments against routine administration of probiotics for NEC prevention
Authors: Pell Lisa G. , Loutet Miranda G. , Roth Daniel E. , Sherman Philip M. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among premature neonates. Although randomized trials have shown that probiotics may be efficacious in the prevention of NEC, their use has not been universally adopted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Caveats regarding routine probiotic supplementation for the prevention of NEC are summarized in this review.

Recent findings
Accumulating evidence indicates that prophylactic probiotic supplementation in preterm infants can reduce the incidence of NEC. However, substantial knowledge gaps, regulatory issues, and implementation challenges should be addressed before probiotics are introduced as standard of care for all preterm neonates. Limitations of published trial data have made it challenging to define regimens that optimize efficacy and safety in specific patient subgroups. Moreover, the current probiotic market lacks rigorous regulatory oversight, which could raise concerns about the quality and safety of probiotic products. Finally, implementation pitfalls include risks of cross-colonization and resource requirements to monitor and mitigate potential adverse events.

Summary
Probiotics have shown promise in the prevention of NEC. However, there is insufficient evidence to guide the selection of optimal regimens. Furthermore, issues related to regulatory and institutional oversight should be addressed before supplementation is routinely implemented in NICUs.
Hormonal Contraceptives and the Acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: McCarthy Katharine J. , Gollub Erica L. , Ralph Lauren , van de Wijgert Janneke , Jones Heidi E. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Evidence suggests that some forms of hormonal contraception (HC) increase women's risk of non-human immunodeficiency virus sexually transmitted infections (STIs), yet evidence has not been reviewed since 2008. We conducted an updated systematic review to incorporate studies published between January 2009 and June 2017 to examine the relationship between HCs and incident or recurrent STIs.

Methods
We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify prospective studies comparing risk of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Treponema pallidum, or Trichomonas vaginalis, between women using HC versus nonhormonal methods or no methods. We summarize results by type of STI and HC and study quality using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

Results
Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) reduces the risk of trichomoniasis (consistent evidence) and may increase the risk of HSV-2 (strong effect, few studies); inconclusive evidence exists for HPV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Data on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs; generally not differentiated whether combined or progestin-only pills) suggest that use is associated with a reduced risk of trichomoniasis with inconclusive findings for HSV-2, HPV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Very few studies included norethisterone enanthate (Net-En) injectable, implants or the levonorgestrel intrauterine device.

Conclusions
Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate and OCPs reduce the risk of trichomoniasis and DMPA may increase the risk of HSV-2. However, the potential for confounding cannot be ruled out. Future studies should specify the type of injectable or OCP used to increase understanding of biological pathways; more research is needed on implants and hormonal intrauterine devices.
Functional Capacity Change Impacts the Quality of Life of Hospitalized Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: de Almeida Leonardo Barbosa , Mira Pedro Augusto de Carvalho , Fioritto Aline Priori , Malaguti Carla , Hallack Neto Abrahão Elias , Fernandes Trevizan Patrícia , Laterza Mateus Camaroti , Martinez Daniel Godoy 
Published: January 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation who improved their functional capacity during hospitalization (increased functional capacity group) with that of patients who maintained or decreased functional capacity during hospitalization (decreased functional capacity group).

Design
This observational, longitudinal study included 27 hospitalized patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients were divided into increased functional capacity group (16 patients) and decreased functional capacity group (11 patients). Functional capacity (6-min step test), peripheral muscle strength (sit-to-stand test and handgrip strength), and QOL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) were assessed at admission and at hospital discharge.

Results
Increased functional capacity patients had increased functional capacity and peripheral muscle strength of the lower and upper limbs at hospital discharge (P < 0.01, <0.01, and 0.02, respectively). The patients in the increased functional capacity group demonstrated an increase in global health and reduced symptoms at discharge (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). No significant differences were observed between groups in the functional domain.

Conclusions
Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, who have improved functional capacity at discharge, also experience an improved QOL, with no such improvement noted among patients who have stable or reduced functional capacity. We recommend that the treatment protocol for hospitalized patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation include an exercise program aimed at improving functional capacity.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Rehospitalization in Older Men With Testosterone Deficiency in a Postacute Care Setting
Authors: Al-Lami Rasha A. , Graham James E. , Deer Rachel R. , Westra Jordan , Williams Stephen B. , Kuo Yong-Fang , Baillargeon Jacques 
Published: January 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine whether receipt of testosterone replacement therapy was associated with reduced 30-day rehospitalization after postacute care among older men with testosterone deficiency.

Design, Patients, and Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a 5% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We identified 1290 nonsurgical inpatient postacute care discharges between January 1, 2007, and October 31, 2014, for male patients, 66 yrs or older, with a previous diagnosis of testosterone deficiency. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for 30-day postacute care rehospitalization related to receipt of testosterone replacement therapy.

Results
In older men with testosterone deficiency, receipt of testosterone replacement therapy was not associated with rehospitalization (odds ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval, 0.59–1.29) in the 30 days after postacute care discharge. These findings persisted after adjustment for quintile of propensity scores (odds ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.62–1.30).

Conclusion
Testosterone replacement therapy was not associated with reduced rehospitalization after postacute care discharge in older men with testosterone deficiency. Further research in this population should examine the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on functional recovery and community independence.
Virological Outcome of Patients With HIV Drug Resistance Attending an Urban Outpatient Clinic in Uganda: A Need for Structured Adherence Counseling and Third-Line Treatment Options
Authors: Baumann Anna , Musaazi Joseph , Kambugu Andrew , Kälin Marisa , Weissberg Dana , Ssemwanga Deogratius , Fehr Jan , Castelnuovo Barbara , Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine , von Braun Amrei 
Published: January 2019

Background:
HIV drug resistance and suboptimal adherence are the main reasons for treatment failure among HIV-infected individuals. As genotypic resistance testing is not routinely available in resource-limited settings such as Uganda, data on transmitted and acquired resistance are sparse.

Methods:
This observational follow-up study assessed the virological outcomes of patients diagnosed with virological failure or transmitted HIV drug resistance in 2015 at the adults' outpatient clinic of the Infectious Diseases Institute in Kampala, Uganda. Initially, 2430 patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) underwent virological monitoring, of which 190 had virological failure and were subsequently eligible for this follow-up study. Nine patients diagnosed with transmitted drug resistance were eligible. In patients with a viral load > 1000 copies/mL, genotypic resistance testing was performed.

Results:
Of 190 eligible patients, 30 (15.8%) had either died or were lost to follow-up. A total of 148 (77.9%) were included, of which 98 had had a change of ART regimen, and 50 had received adherence counseling only. The majority was now on second-line ART (N = 130, 87.8%). The median age was 39 years (interquartile range: 32–46), and 109 (73.6%) were women. Virological failure was diagnosed in 29 (19.6%) patients, of which 24 (82.8%) were on second-line ART. Relevant drug resistance was found in 25 (86.2%) cases, of which 12 (41.3%) carried dual and 7 (24.1%) triple drug resistance.

Conclusion:
Two years after initial virological failure, most patients followed up by this study had a successful virological outcome. However, a significant proportion either continued to fail or died or was lost to follow-up.
Young Women's Stated Preferences for Biomedical HIV Prevention: Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Minnis Alexandra M. , Browne Erica N. , Boeri Marco , Agot Kawango , van der Straten Ariane , Ahmed Khatija , Weinrib Rachel , Mansfield Carol ,   on behalf of the TRIO Study Team
Published: January 2019

Background:
Integrating end-user perspectives into the design of new biomedical HIV prevention products is recognized as vital to informing the product development pipeline.

Setting:
Kisumu, Kenya; and Soshanguve, South Africa.

Methods:
We conducted a discrete choice experiment survey with 536 women aged 18–30 years to assess preferences for hypothetical HIV prevention products characterized by the attributes of efficacy, pregnancy prevention, delivery form, dosing frequency, and side effects. Participants included product-experienced women from Tablet, Ring, Injection as Options TRIO, a cross-over clinical study evaluating 3 placebo delivery forms (oral tablets, vaginal rings, and injections), and a product-naive sample recruited from the same communities. Analyses used random parameters logit and latent class models.

Results:
HIV prevention efficacy was a strong determinant of stated choice overall; however, in South Africa, delivery form was just as important, with an injection every 2–3 months most preferred and a daily oral tablet least preferred. In Kenya, product-experienced women preferred monthly injections and least preferred a monthly ring. Respondents indicated a preference for multipurpose prevention technologies that combine HIV and pregnancy protection. Latent class analyses confirmed these findings and delineated heterogeneity in preferences across subgroups defined by age, past experience with the delivery forms, and education.

Conclusions:
Despite an overall preference for products with high efficacy, we identified attributes salient to future uptake and use of HIV prevention products. Preferences for injectable products underscored interest in this pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery form. Likewise, the multipurpose prevention technology feature was valued in both Kenya and South Africa and most influenced interest in vaginal rings.
Patient Perceptions of Gout Management Goals
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Edwards N. Lawrence 
Published: January 2019

Objective
To assess patient perceptions of gout management goals.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional Internet survey of people who visited the Gout and Uric Acid Education Society’s website to assess patient/respondent perception of gout management goals. We used chi-square test for categorical or t-test for continuous variables.

Results
Among the 320 survey respondents with physician-diagnosed gout, mean age was 57 (SD, 13.4) years, 72% were male, 77% White; mean gout duration was 7.6 years (SD, 11), gout flares in the last year were 5.2 (SD, 6.1), and medical comorbidities were common, 2.7 (SD, 2.6). Two-thirds respondents each reported very severe or severe symptoms from gout and that gout ranked among the top two health conditions with a negative impact on quality of life. During a clinic visit, only one-third of respondents’ physicians spent 50% of more of the time discussing gout treatment. Only 54% respondents were prescribed ULT by their healthcare provider. By patient preference, the best life-long gout treatment strategies were the lowering of the serum urate level and the control of gout symptoms (62%) followed by serum urate lowering (32%). Respondents considered the following as the most important things for making gout treatment satisfactory: (1) patient education; (2) effective physician–patient communication; (3) diet and lifestyle modification; (4) serum urate monitoring and target achievement; (5) pain management and flare prevention; and (6) medication management.

Conclusions
Patient identification of gout symptom control and serum urate level monitoring as the most important treatment goals is informative for clinicians and guideline developers.
The Effect of Blepharoplasty on Our Patient's Quality of Life, Emotional Stability, and Self-Esteem
Authors: Papadopulos Nikolaos A. , Hodbod Michael , Henrich Gerhard , Kovacs Lazlo , Papadopoulos Othon , Herschbach Peter , Machens Hans-Günther 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Several studies have been conducted evaluating psychological effects following aesthetic surgery, however few of them following blepharoplasty!

Purpose:
To determine whether blepharoplasty affects quality of life and satisfaction as well as, emotional stability and self-esteem in patients who underwent only blepharoplasty.

Design:
A retrospective study including transdermal blepharoplasty operations between the years 1995 and 2008.

Methods:
A self-developed and indication-specific questionnaire especially for blepharoplasty, as well as the standardized testing instruments FLZM, FPI-R, and RSES, concerning quality of life, body image, personality, and self-esteem was utilized.

Participants:
A total of 123 patients were included in the study. Forty-six patients participated in the study.

Main Outcomes and Measures:
Results were compared with the existing representative norm data from the German speaking countries.

Results:
In the indication-specific questionnaire, 44 patients reported a positive influence on their personal wellbeing, and 33 were more satisfied with their appearance (follow-up 3–95 months; average 48.5 months); 20 felt more self-confident, and 25 felt more attractive.
Statistically significant increased values in quality of life (FLZM) were found in the aspects work (P = 0.02), mobility (
P
< 0.001) and independence from assistance or help (P < 0.001).
Higher scores concerning personality and self-esteem compared with the respective random sample were found in the questionnaires FPI-R (P = 0.02) and RSES (P < 0.001).

Conclusion and Relevance:
Among plastic surgical interventions, blepharoplasty is a minimal invasive operation, which is very well tolerated by patients. Patients take advantage in personal wellbeing, self-esteem, and different aspects of their daily life.
The Role of Preoperative Computed Tomography in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Alnaif Nayif , Zhou Mingsha , Galli Rafael , Azzi Alain J. , Alamri Abdulrahman , Gilardino Mirko 
Published: January 2019

Background:
There is currently no consensus on the utility of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the evidence available on the necessity of preoperative CT for the treatment of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database was performed. The following variables were analyzed: concordance of findings between clinical examinations and CT, incidental findings reported on imaging, and the effect of imaging on subsequent management. Concordance between clinical examination/CT and the presence of incidental findings were collected and displayed as descriptive data. The effect of imaging on subsequent diagnosis/management was analyzed by meta-analysis.

Results:
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for a total of 728 patients. Overall, physical examination concordance with CT diagnosis was 97.9% (371/379). Overall, incidental findings led to additional imaging/workup in 1.79% of cases (5/278). The results of the meta-analysis revealed that, in the absence of alternative imaging modalities, CT scans significantly altered diagnosis or led to additional investigations in 12 cases (4.8%, 95% confidence interval = 3%–8%). Preoperative CT scans led to additional investigations in 5 cases and detected incomplete/wrong diagnoses in 7 cases.

Conclusions:
The results of the present meta-analysis support the use of preoperative CT scans for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis in the absence of alternative imaging modalities. The results also suggest that in properly selected patients, alternative imaging modalities may be appropriate, potentially obviating the need for CT scans.
Congenital Heminasal Aplasia: Clinical Picture, Radiological Findings, and Follow-up After Early Surgical Intervention
Authors: Abulezz Tarek 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
This report presents an extremely rare case of heminasal aplasia or hemi-arhinia with only about 80 cases reported so far. The exact etiology and mechanism of development of heminasal aplasia are still unknown. Furthermore, the rarity of this anomaly makes its reconstruction a surgical challenge with a diversity and controversy on the timing and technique of such reconstructive procedures.

Method:
Reconstruction was performed when the child was 3 months of age. The missing heminose was reconstructed by a superiorly based nasolabial flap.

Results:
On early follow-up visits, there was retraction of the flap. However, the parents were satisfied by the result to the degree that the girl did not show for follow up after 3 years of surgery until she is 13 years and even now her parents do not want any further surgery.

Conclusion:
Early surgical reconstruction is recommended even if revisions may be needed later.
Three-Dimensional Nasal Alterations in Le Fort I Advancement: Linear Measurements, Angles, Nasal Indices, and Volume Differences
Authors: Silva Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues da , Magri Laís Valencise , Osborne Patrick Rocha , Trivelatto Alexandre Elias , Sverzut Cássio Edvard , Silva Marco Antônio Moreira Rodrigues da 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The maxillary advancement obtained by the Le Fort I osteotomy can also generate significant changes in the soft tissue of the nose and lips. The aim of this study was to compare the alterations in the soft tissue of the nose following the Le Fort I osteotomy maxillary advancement technique in a population of young adults submitted to orthognathic surgery. Seven men and 8 women aged between 23 and 45 underwent orthognathic surgery using the Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral mandibular sagittal osteotomy. Sixty 3-dimensional images were analyzed (Vectra M3, Canfield, NJ) after labeling landmarks on the face and determining linear and angular measurements, proportion, and volume difference indices at the following intervals: preoperatively (baseline), then 2 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Following Le Fort I, there was an increase in the alar base, and reduction of nasal tip protrusion, nasal angles, and the nasal tip protrusion index (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the facial thirds, the nasal index, and angles of nasal and mentolabial convexity (P > 0.05). There was a difference in the volume of the nose only 2 months after surgery. The Le Fort I osteotomy caused significant alterations in linear, angular, and nasal proportion measurements. The volume differences were reversible in the early postoperative period and probably associated with edema. The possibility of variations in the size and shape of the nose should be presented to prospective patients preoperatively.
Rice stripe virus hitchhikes the vector insect vitellogenin ligand-receptor pathway for ovary entry
Authors: Huo Yan , Yu Yuanling , Liu Qing , Liu Da , Zhang Mengting , Liang Jingnan , Chen Xiaoying , Zhang Lili , Fang Rongxiang 
Published: January 2019

It is known that plant arboviruses infect insect vector cells by endocytosis; however, the cellular receptors that mediate endocytosis have not been well defined. In our recently published work and this study, by clarifying the vertical transmission mechanism of Rice stripe virus (RSV) inLaodelphax striatellus, we provide a novel paradigm for how arboviruses enter insect germ-line cells. Instead of direct interaction with a viral receptor, the virus binds to a secreted ligand protein, hitchhiking the ligand-receptor pathway to achieve cell entry. Vitellogenin (Vg) is an indispensable protein for embryo development that is synthesized extra-ovarially and taken up by germ-line cells through Vg receptor (VgR)-mediated endocytosis. After revealing that RSV invadesL. striatellusovary by a specific molecular interaction with the insect Vg in haemolymph, this study addressed VgR's function in mediating the RSV invasion of the germarium nurse cells, further confirming the ligand's receptor-mediated viral cell-invasion mechanism. Understanding the viral ovary-entry pathways in vectors will help to find suitable measures to block the trans-generation transmission of the viruses.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.