bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of social media in marketing
Authors: Appel Gil , Grewal Lauren , Hadi Rhonda , Stephen Andrew T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial media allows people to freely interact with others and offers multiple ways for marketers to reach and engage with consumers. Considering the numerous ways social media affects individuals and businesses alike, in this article, the authors focus on where they believe the future of social media lies when considering marketing-related topics and issues. Drawing on academic research, discussions with industry leaders, and popular discourse, the authors identify nine themes, organized by predicted imminence (i.e., the immediate, near, and far futures), that they believe will meaningfully shape the future of social media through three lenses: consumer, industry, and public policy. Within each theme, the authors describe the digital landscape, present and discuss their predictions, and identify relevant future research directions for academics and practitioners.
Neural attention with character embeddings for hay fever detection from twitter
Authors: Du Jiahua , Michalska Sandra , Subramani Sudha , Wang Hua , Zhang Yanchun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper aims to leverage the highly unstructured user-generated content in the context of pollen allergy surveillance using neural networks with character embeddings and the attention mechanism. Currently, there is no accurate representation of hay fever prevalence, particularly in real-time scenarios. Social media serves as an alternative to extract knowledge about the condition, which is valuable for allergy sufferers, general practitioners, and policy makers. Despite tremendous potential offered, conventional natural language processing methods prove limited when exposed to the challenging nature of user-generated content. As a result, the detection ofactualhay fever instances among the number of false positives, as well as the correct identification of non-technical expressions as pollen allergy symptoms poses a major problem. We propose a deep architecture enhanced with character embeddings and neural attention to improve the performance of hay fever-related content classification from Twitter data. Improvement in prediction is achieved due to the character-level semantics introduced, which effectively addresses the out-of-vocabulary problem in our dataset where the rate is approximately 9%. Overall, the study is a step forward towards improved real-time pollen allergy surveillance from social media with state-of-art technology.
Trends in Women’s Employment and Poverty Rates in OECD Countries: A Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Rense , Van Lancker Wim , Collado Diego , Cantillon Bea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough employment growth is propagated as being crucial to reduce poverty across EU and OECD countries, the actual impact of employment growth on poverty rates is still unclear. This study presents novel estimates of the association between macro-level trends in women’s employment and trends in poverty, across 15 OECD countries from 1971 to 2013. It does so based on over 2 million household-level observations from the LIS Database, using Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca (KBO) decompositions. The results indicate that an increase of 10% points in women’s employment rate was associated with a reduction of about 1% point of poverty across these countries. In part, this reduction compensated for developments in men’s employment that were associated with higher poverty. However, in the Nordic countries no such poverty association was found, as in these countries women’s employment rates were very high and stable throughout the observation period. In countries that initially showed marked increases in women’s employment, such as the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Canada, and the United States, the initial increases in women’s employment rates were typically followed by a period in which these trends levelled off. Hence, our findings first and foremost suggest that improving gender equality in employment is associated with lower poverty risks. Yet, the results also suggest that the potential of following an employment strategy to (further) reduce poverty in OECD countries has, to a large extent, been depleted.
A Critical Evaluation of Deep Blue Algorithm Derived AVHRR Aerosol Product Over China
Authors: Mei Linlu , Zhao Chuanxu , de Leeuw Gerrit , Burrows John P. , Rozanov Vladimir , Che HuiZheng , Vountas Marco , Ladstätter‐Weißenmayer Annette , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Deep Blue (DB) aerosol retrieval algorithm has recently been applied to Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data to produce a first version (V001) of a global aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data set. In this paper, we critically evaluate these AVHRR AOT data over China by comparison with ground‐based reference data from China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network for the period 2006–2011. The evaluation considers the impact of the surface (type and reflectance) and the aerosol properties (aerosol loading, aerosol absorption) on the quality of the retrieved AOT. We also compare the AVHRR‐retrieved AOT with that from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer over major aerosol source regions in China. We further consider seasonal variations and find, in general, a good agreement between AVHRR AOT and the reference data sets. The AVHRR retrieval algorithm performs well over dark vegetated surfaces, but over bright surfaces (e.g., desert regions) the results are less good. The AVHRR algorithm underestimates the AOT, with 32.1% of the values lower than the estimated error envelope of ±0.05 ± 0.25τ. In particular over the desert, the AVHRR‐retrieved AOT is frequently underestimated and for AOT ≤ 0.6 the values are on average 0.05 too low due to the pixel filtering, and dust storms are missed. The comparison of the AVHRR AOT with MODIS collection 6 and CARSNET data indicates that improvements are needed for, for example, AVHRR calibration and cloud/aerosol flagging. The analysis presented in this paper contributes to a better understanding of the AVHRR AOT product over China.
Mass Balance Assessment of the Amery Ice Shelf Basin, East Antarctica
Authors: Zhou Chunxia , Liang Qi , Chen Yiming , Lei Haobo , Fu Zheng , Zheng Lei , Liu Ruixi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Lambert Glacier‐Amery Ice Shelf (AIS) System is the largest glacial system in East Antarctica. Accurate estimation of its mass balance is imperative for reducing the uncertainty in evaluating the sea‐level contribution from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of the mass balance of the AIS basin. We measured the ice velocity with Sentinel‐1 synthetic‐aperture radar data acquired in 2016. The ice thickness data from the radio echo‐sounding measurements were combined with the surface mass balance data from the new Regional Atmospheric Climate Model, from which the mass balance of the AIS basin was estimated. Our estimates suggest a slight positive mass balance of 3.1 ± 9.4 Gt/year in 2016. We found that the short‐term fluctuations in the surface mass balance dramatically affect the AIS mass balance. A comparison with previous estimates confirms the long‐term positive mass balance trend.
On the Linear Polarization of TGFs and X‐Rays From Natural and Rocket‐Triggered Lightning and Its Association With Source Geometry
Authors: Bagheri Mahdi , Dwyer Joseph R. , McConnell Mark L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTerrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) are bright bursts of gamma rays produced by thunderstorms, typically observed by spacecraft in the low‐Earth orbit. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to disentangle the source altitude and the width and direction of the gamma‐ray beam using single point spacecraft measurements, which has hampered attempts to constrain TGF models. Polarimetry of astrophysical sources has been of interest for many decades, which raises the question: Do TGFs and X‐rays from lightning have observable polarization, and if so, what would this polarization tell us about their source? REAM Monte Carlo code has been modified to record the linear polarization of X‐rays and gamma rays as a function of source altitude and beam geometry. It is found that polarization degree of a 20‐km narrow beam of TGF is substantially different from a 15‐km‐wide beam, which could be used to constrain the source geometry of TGFs. However, due to the low fluence of these events in space, detecting this level of polarization would be challenging. It is also found that low‐altitude TGFs (source at 3.5 km) produce polarizations up to about 8%; however, detectors need to be very close to the source region. Furthermore, very low altitude ground‐level TGFs and X‐rays showed a maximum polarization of 13% on the ground, of which the TGF's fluence was large enough for polarimetry. In addition, polarization reached its maximum further away from the z axis as the TGF's beam broadened. The dominant mechanism of the polarization was found to be Compton scattering.
Characteristics of Ice Nucleating Particles in and Around California Winter Storms
Authors: Levin Ezra J.T. , DeMott Paul J. , Suski Kaitlyn J. , Boose Yvonne , Hill Thomas C.J. , McCluskey Christina S. , Schill Gregory P. , Rocci Katherine , Al‐Mashat Hashim , Kristensen Louise J. , Cornwell Gavin , Prather Kimberly , Tomlinson Jason , Mei Fan , Hubbe John , Pekour Mikhail , Sullivan Ryan , Leung L. Ruby , Kreidenweis Sonia M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA major component of California's yearly precipitation comes from wintertime atmospheric river events which bring large amounts of moisture from the tropics up to the midlatitudes. Understanding these systems, specifically the effects of aerosol particles on precipitation associated with these storms, was a major focus of the 2015 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment, which was part of the wintertime California Water 2015 campaign. The measurement campaign provided sampling platforms on four aircraft, including the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerial Facility G‐1, as well as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ronald H. Brown research vessel and at a ground station in Bodega Bay, CA. Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) were made with the Colorado State University Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber aboard the G‐1, and aerosol filters were collected on the G‐1, at the Bodega Bay site and on the Ronald H. Brown for postprocessing via immersion freezing in the Colorado State University Ice Spectrometer. Aerosol composition was measured aboard the G‐1 with the Aerosol Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometer. Here we present INP concentrations and aerosol chemical compositions during the course of the aircraft campaign. During the atmospheric river event, we found that marine aerosol was the main aerosol type and that marine INPs were dominant at cloud activation temperatures, which is in stark contrast to the dominance of dust INPs during the atmospheric river events in the California Water 2011 campaign.
Soil Moisture Memory and Its Effect on the Surface Water and Heat Fluxes on Seasonal and Interannual Time Scales
Authors: Song Y. M. , Wang Z. F. , Qi L. L. , Huang A. N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe persistence of soil moisture anomalies has an important effect on the weather and climate forecasts. Numerous observational and modeling studies have addressed the memory of soil moisture anomalies and its effects at the seasonal scale, and few studies have focused on the interannual scale. This study investigates the soil moisture memory and its effect on the surface heat and water fluxes under different atmospheric conditions on seasonal and interannual scales using the Community Land Model Version 4.5 driven by the observations at the Tongyu site. The results indicate that the soil moisture anomalies can persist for more than 1 year. It was found that the decay rate of soil moisture anomalies depends mainly on initial soil moisture anomalies, followed by atmospheric condition in this study. Under the same atmospheric condition, the wet anomalies of soil moisture decay faster than dry anomalies of soil moisture. With the same initial soil moisture anomalies, soil moisture memory is usually shorter under the wet atmospheric condition. Moreover, the soil moisture anomalies have an obvious exponential decrease over the years. The anomalies of the surface heat fluxes have significant interannual attenuation trend and seasonal variations, and they are closely related to the anomalies of surface temperature, which are mainly affected by the anomalies of soil specific heat capacity. This study provides a scientific support for understanding the persistence of soil moisture anomalies, and it may be useful for the research on the seasonal and interannual variability of climate.
Preparation and effects on neuronal nutrition of plasmenylethonoamine and plasmanylcholine from the mussel Mytilus edulis
Authors: Ding Yi , Wang Rui , Wang Xiaoxu , Cong Peixu , Liu Yanjun , Li Zhaojie , Xu Jie , Xue Changhu 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Plasmenylethonoamine (pPE) and plasmanylcholine (aPC) are important phospholipid subclasses. Herein we explored optimum conditions for enzymatic purification and preparation of pPE and aPC from the mussel Mytilus edulis and bovine brain. Among them, pPE in Mytilus edulis PE was mainly p18:0–20:5 and p18:0–22:6, and its purity was 92.7%; aPC in PC was primarily a16:0–22:6 and a16:0–20:5, and aPC accounted for 90.2% of PC. We thereafter evaluated neurotrophic effects of Mytilus edulis pPE, aPC, and bovine brain pPE in a NGF-induced PC12 cell model. Morphologically, pPE and aPC could both promote differentiation, manifested in a significant increase in neurite length and number, due to increased expression of synaptophysin and growth protein GAP-43 in a dose-independent and structure-selective manner. Importantly, the effect on neuronal nutrition of pPE was better than aPC, and marine pPE was better than terrestrial pPE, which might be ascribed to vinyl-ether bond and differences in fatty acid composition.
Abbreviations: AA: arachidonic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EIC: extracted ion chromatogram; EPA: eicosapentanoic acid; GAP: growth-associated protein; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LPC: lyso-PC; LPE: lyso-PE; MS: mass spectrometry; NGF: nerve growth factor; PC: phosphatidylcholine; aPC: plasmanylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; pPE: plasmenylethonoamine; PG: phosphoglycerols; PLs: phospholipids; PS: phosphoserines; TIC: total ion chromatogram.
Associations of Liver Disease with Alcohol Use among People Living with HIV and the Role of Hepatitis C: The New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study
Authors: Ferguson Tekeda F , Rosen Erika , Carr Rotonya , Brashear Meghan , Simon Liz , Theall Katherine P , Ronis Martin J , Welsh David A , Molina Patricia E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aim
This cross-sectional analysis of the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study assesses whether current and lifetime alcohol use in people living with HIV (PLWH) are associated with greater liver disease and how hepatitis C-viral (HCV) co-infection (HIV/HCV+) modifies the association.

Methods
Alcohol use was measured by Lifetime Drinking History (LDH), a 30-day Timeline Followback calendar, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and phosphatidylethanol. Liver disease was estimated by alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST platelet ratio-index (APRI), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-fibrosis score. Associations between alcohol consumption and liver disease were estimated with multivariable logistic regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body-mass index, hepatitis B and HIV viral load.

Results
Participants (N = 353) were majority male (69%) and black (84%) with a mean age of 48.3 ± 10 years. LDH was significantly associated with advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 aOR = 22.22 [1.22–403.72]) only among HIV/HCV+ participants with an LDH of 100–600 kg. HIV/HCV+ participants had a higher prevalence of intermediate and advanced liver disease markers than HIV/HCV− (P &lt; 0.0001). Advanced markers of liver disease were most strongly associated with hazardous drinking (≥40(women)/60(men) grams/day) (APRI aOR = 15.87 (3.22–78.12); FIB-4 aOR = 6.76 (1.81–7.16)) and PEth ≥400 ng/ml (APRI aOR = 17.52 (2.55–120.54); FIB-4 aOR = 17.75 (3.30–95.630).

Conclusion
Results indicate a greater association of current alcohol use with liver disease than lifetime alcohol use, which varied by HCV status. These findings stress the importance of reducing alcohol use in PLWH to decrease risk of liver disease and fibrosis.
Rearing Gendered Souls: Childhood and the Making of Muslim Manhood in Pre-Modern Islamic Ethics
Authors: Ayubi Zahra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost studies of religious beliefs and praxis, including those in Islamic Studies, assume the subjects of investigation to be adults. In childhood studies of religion, however, we find a lens for exploring how foundational pre-modern Islamic ethics discourses, such as those of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and Nasir ad-Din Tusi, taught how children were supposed to be reared and educated, which uncovers important insights about the gendered nature of ethics itself. Specifically, classical Islamic ethics is so deeply entangled with gender roles that the Islamic ethicists’ instructions for rearing children are in essence instructions for inculcating gender roles from birth. Ethical cultivation was the purview of elite men, whereas women were marginalized from ethics instruction. The childhood-studies-of-religion lens enables us to see the synonymity between Islamic ethics and the creation of the man or the man-as-process.
Projecting the Spatial Distribution of Possible Planted Forest Expansion in the United States
Authors: Wade Christopher M , Baker Justin S , Latta Gregory , Ohrel Sara B , Allpress Justine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs the demand for forest products and carbon storage in standing timbers increases, intensive planting of forest resources is expected to increase. With the increased use of plantation practices, it is important to understand the influence that forest plot characteristics have on the likelihood of where these practices are occurring. Depending on the goals of a policy or program, increasing forest planting could be a desirable outcome or something to avoid. This study estimates a spatially explicit logistical regression function to assess the likelihood that forest plots will be planted based on physical, climate, and economic factors. The empirical results are used to project the potential spatial distribution of forest planting, at the intensive and extensive land-use margins, across illustrative future scenarios. Results from this analysis offer insight into the factors that have driven forest planting in the United States historically and the potential distribution of new forest planting in the coming decades under policy or market scenarios that incentivize improved forest productivity or certain ecosystem services provided by intensively managed systems (e.g., carbon sequestration).
Therapeutic target database 2020: enriched resource for facilitating research and early development of targeted therapeutics
Authors: Wang Yunxia , Zhang Song , Li Fengcheng , Zhou Ying , Zhang Ying , Wang Zhengwen , Zhang Runyuan , Zhu Jiang , Ren Yuxiang , Tan Ying , Qin Chu , Li Yinghong , Li Xiaoxu , Chen Yuzong , Zhu Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKnowledge of therapeutic targets and early drug candidates is useful for improved drug discovery. In particular, information about target regulators and the patented therapeutic agents facilitates research regarding druggability, systems pharmacology, new trends, molecular landscapes, and the development of drug discovery tools. To complement other databases, we constructed the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) with expanded information about (i) target-regulating microRNAs and transcription factors, (ii) target-interacting proteins, and (iii) patented agents and their targets (structures and experimental activity values if available), which can be conveniently retrieved and is further enriched with regulatory mechanisms or biochemical classes. We also updated the TTD with the recently released International Classification of Diseases ICD-11 codes and additional sets of successful, clinical trial, and literature-reported targets that emerged since the last update. TTD is accessible at http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/ttd/ttd.asp. In case of possible web connectivity issues, two mirror sites of TTD are also constructed (http://db.idrblab.org/ttd/ and http://db.idrblab.net/ttd/).
Neurosurgical delivery of the poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 inhibitor olaparib from a thermo-responsive biodegradable paste potentiates radiotherapy and prolongs survival
Authors: Smith Stuart , Serra Riccardo , Rowlinson Jonathan , Gorelick Noah , Veal Gareth , Shakesheff Kevin , Brem Henry , Grundy Richard , Tyler Betty , Rahman Ruman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There has been considerable interest in repurposing the poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor and purported radiosensitiser olaparib (Lynparza), with a recent dose escalation study of olaparib plus temozolomide in recurrent GBM showing good tolerance. Due to systemic therapy-associated caveats such as dose-limiting toxicities and blood-brain-barrier penetration, here we assess localised post-surgical delivery of olaparib from our previously developed PLGA/PEG thermo-sensitive biodegradable paste.
Metabolic and clonogenic assays revealed impaired proliferation and clonal growth respectively, upon acute exposure of high-grade glioma cells to olaparib (3–5µM), an effect dramatically potentiated with 3Gy radiation. Flow cytometry of Annexin V+/Propidium iodide+ rodent and human high-grade glioma cells, revealed a significant cell proportion increase at late stage apoptosis when exposed to 2–3µM olaparib and 3Gy radiation (relative to untreated, olaparib alone or radiation alone).
A high-grade glioma orthotopic allograft study is ongoing where we already observe a significant overall survival benefit of locally-delivered 10% and 20% w/w (drug:polymer ratio) olaparib via PLGA/PEG paste post-surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy, compared to surgery/oral temozolomide/radiotherapy (GBM standard-of-care) and surgery/systemic olaparib (50 days vs. 44 vs 30 respectively). A more pronounced survival benefit was observed with combined PLGA/PEG/olaparib/temozolomide/radiotherapy or PLGA/PEG/olaparib/etoposide/radiotherapy.
RNAseq data from 10 GBM patients show significantly elevated levels of apoptosis-inducing factor-1 in 5-aminolevulinic acid (5ALA)+ fluorescence–activated cell sorted populations (i.e. purified tumour cells from the invasive margin), relative to 5ALA- cells, confirming PARP-1 activity in infiltrative tumour cells. Collectively our data supports a clinical rationale for localised olaparib delivery with adjuvant radiotherapy.