bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new ESI-LC/MS approach for comprehensive metabolic profiling of phytocannabinoids in Cannabis
Authors: Berman Paula , Futoran Kate , Lewitus Gil M. , Mukha Dzmitry , Benami Maya , Shlomi Tomer , Meiri David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMost clinical studies of Cannabis today focus on the contents of two phytocannabinoids: (-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), regardless of the fact that the plant contains over 100 additional phytocannabinoids whose therapeutic effects and interplay have not yet been fully elucidated. This narrow view of a complex Cannabis plant is insufficient to comprehend the medicinal and pharmacological effects of the whole plant. In this study we suggest a new ESI-LC/MS/MS approach to identify phytocannabinoids from 10 different subclasses, and comprehensively profile the identified compounds in diverse medical Cannabis plants. Overall, 94 phytocannabinoids were identified and used for profiling 36 of the most commonly used Cannabis plants prescribed to patients in Israel. In order to demonstrate the importance of comprehensive phytocannabinoid analysis before and throughout medical Cannabis clinical trials, treatments, or experiments, we evaluated the anticonvulsant effects of several equally high-CBD Cannabis extracts (50% w/w). We found that despite the similarity in CBD contents, not all Cannabis extracts produced the same effects. This study’s approach for phytocannabinoid profiling can enable researchers and physicians to analyze the effects of specific Cannabis compositions and is therefore critical when performing biological, medical and pharmacological-based research using Cannabis.
Identification of RSPO2 Fusion Mutations and Target Therapy Using a Porcupine Inhibitor
Authors: Li Chong , Cao Jing , Zhang Ning , Tu Meiqing , Xu Fengwei , Wei Shuang , Chen Xiaojing , Xu Yuhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCancers are driven by a variety of somatic gene mutations and identifying these mutations enables the development of novel target drugs. We have sought to identify abnormalities in Wnt pathway-related genes that are sensitive to Wnt inhibitor treatment. We examined Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) RNA samples and found new R-Spondin 2 (RSPO2) transcript fusions with the EMC2, PVT1 or HNF4G genes. These fusion events were identified in about 1.4% of the digestive system cancer samples. We then examined the oncogenic effects of the RSPO2-EMC2 fusion gene and confirmed that it can drive oncogenesis, sustain tumor growth and promote metastasis. Finally, we used a Wnt pathway Porcupine inhibitor CGX1321 to treat PDX mouse models containing RSPO2 fusion genes. All the RSPO2 fusion tumors responded to the treatment and stopped progression. Our data show that Wnt pathway inhibition could provide an effective treatment for cancers containing RSPO2 fusion. The RSPO2 fusion will serve as a good biomarker for screening patients to support clinical treatment of digestive system cancers using Wnt pathway inhibitors.
Enrichment and detection of bone disseminated tumor cells in models of low tumor burden
Authors: Sowder Miranda E. , Johnson Rachelle W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBreast cancer cells frequently home to the bone, but the mechanisms controlling tumor colonization of the bone marrow remain unclear. We report significant enrichment of bone-disseminated estrogen receptor positive human MCF7 cells by 17 β-estradiol (E2) following intracardiac inoculation. Using flow cytometric and quantitative PCR approaches, tumor cells were detected in >80% of MCF7 tumor-inoculated mice, regardless of E2, suggesting that E2 is not required for MCF7 dissemination to the bone marrow. Furthermore, we propose two additional models in which to study prolonged latency periods by bone-disseminated tumor cells: murine D2.0R and human SUM159 breast carcinoma cells. Tumor cells were detected in bone marrow of up to 100% of D2.0R and SUM159-inoculated mice depending on the detection method. These findings establish novel models of bone colonization in which to study mechanisms underlying tumor cell seeding to the marrow and prolonged latency, and provide highly sensitive methods to detect these rare events.
Future scenarios of marine resources and ecosystem conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean under the impacts of fishing, alien species and sea warming
Authors: Corrales X. , Coll M. , Ofir E. , Heymans J. J. , Steenbeek J. , Goren M. , Edelist D. , Gal G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing a temporal-dynamic calibrated Ecosim food web model, we assess the effects of future changes on marine resources and ecosystem conditions of the Israeli Mediterranean continental shelf. This region has been intensely invaded by Indo-Pacific species. The region is exposed to extreme environmental conditions, is subjected to high rates of climate change and has experienced intense fishing pressure. We test the impacts of a new set of fishing regulations currently being implemented, a continued increase in sea temperatures following IPCC projections, and a continued increase in alien species biomass. We first investigate the impacts of the stressors separately, and then we combine them to evaluate their cumulative effects. Our results show overall potential future benefits of fishing effort reductions, and detrimental impacts of increasing sea temperature and increasing biomass of alien species. Cumulative scenarios suggest that the beneficial effects of fisheries reduction may be dampened by the impact of increasing sea temperature and alien species when acting together. These results illustrate the importance of including stressors other than fisheries, such as climate change and biological invasions, in an ecosystem-based management approach. These results support the need for reducing local and regional stressors, such as fishing and biological invasions, in order to promote resilience to sea warming.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in the Very Elderly Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure: Importance of Pharmacologic Guideline Adherence
Authors: Sung Shih-Hsien , Wang Ta-Jung , Cheng Hao-Min , Yu Wen-Chung , Guo Chao-Yu , Chiang Chern-En , Chen Chen-Huan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe prognostic factors and pharmacological effects of the very elderly patients (aged ≥80 years) with acute heart failure (AHF) remain unclear. The study, therefore, investigated the prognostic impacts of the guideline-recommended pharmacological therapy in these patients. A cohort of 1297 very elderly patients [85.1 ± 4.0 years, 69.7% male, 32.6% heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), HFrEF], hospitalized for AHF, was studied. The percentage of the recommended prescription for HFrEF at discharge, including renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, β-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, was calculated as guideline adherence indicator (GAI). Among the 1233 survivors at discharge, 495 subjects (40.1%) died during a mean follow-up of 27.1 ± 23.9 months. Mean GAIs in HFrEF and HFpEF were 70.6 ± 34.9% and 64.1 ± 35.9%, respectively. A higher GAI was associated with less overall mortality [hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval per-1SD: 0.781, 0.655–0.930] and cardiovascular death (0.718, 0.558–0.925), independent of age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, mean blood pressure, LVEF, eGFR, sodium, and NT-proBNP. A GAI of 100% was associated with a better survival in both HFrEF and HFpEF. A prescription of the three recommended medications for HFrEF to the very elderly AHF patients was associated with a better survival after discharge.
Double-passage ground-state cooling induced by quantum interference in the hybrid optomechanical system
Authors: Li Lingchao , Luo Ren-Hua , Liu Longjiang , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Jian-Qi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe propose a quantum interference cooling scheme for a nano-mechanical resonator (NAMR) in a hybrid optomechanical system. In our scheme, atoms are trapped in an optomechanical cavity, and this optomechanical cavity interacts both atoms and an optical cavity. Therefore, the absorption of the optomechanical resonator can be modified by quantum interference effects induced by the atom-cavity and cavity-cavity couplings. With the modification of the quantum interference, the desired transition for cooling is enhanced, while the undesired transition for heating can be suppressed. As a result, the NAMR vibration can be cooled down to its ground state. Particularly, with the assistance of the atoms, the experimental difficulty can be reduced since the effective decay rate of the cavity can be decreased via the quantum interference for the atom-cavity coupling.
Intermediate predator naïveté and sex-skewed vulnerability predict the impact of an invasive higher predator
Authors: Cuthbert Ross N. , Dalu Tatenda , Wasserman Ryan J. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Mofu Lubabalo , Callaghan Amanda , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe spread of invasive species continues to reduce biodiversity across all regions and habitat types globally. However, invader impact prediction can be nebulous, and approaches often fail to integrate coupled direct and indirect invader effects. Here, we examine the ecological impacts of an invasive higher predator on lower trophic groups, further developing methodologies to more holistically quantify invader impact. We employ functional response (FR, resource use under different densities) and prey switching experiments to examine the trait- and density-mediated impacts of the invasive mosquitofishGambusia affinison an endemic intermediate predatorLovenula raynerae(Copepoda).Lovenula rayneraeeffectively consumed larval mosquitoes, but was naïve to mosquitofish cues, with attack rates and handling times of the intermediate predator unaffected by mosquitofish cue-treated water. Mosquitofish did not switch between male and female prey, consistently displaying a strong preference for female copepods. We thus demonstrate a lack of risk-reduction activity in the presence of invasive fish byL. rayneraeand, in turn, high susceptibility of such intermediate trophic groups to invader impact. Further, we show that mosquitofish demonstrate sex-skewed predator selectivity towards intermediate predators of mosquito larvae, which may affect predator population demographics and, perversely, increase disease vector proliferations. We advocate the utility of FRs and prey switching combined to holistically quantify invasive species impact potential on native organisms at multiple trophic levels.
Effectiveness of Audiologist-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Rehabilitation: Outcomes for Patients Treated in Routine Practice
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Moore Brian C. J. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis delivered by audiologists working in the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.DesignThis was a retrospective study, based on questionnaires assessing tinnitus and hyperacusis and insomnia before and after CBT.Study SampleData were gathered for 68 consecutive patients (average age = 52.5 years) who enrolled for CBT.ResultsAll measures showed significant improvements after CBT. Effect sizes for patients who completed CBT were 1.13 for Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores; 0.76 for Hyperacusis Questionnaire scores; 0.71, 0.95, and 0.93 for tinnitus loudness, annoyance, and effect on life, respectively, measured using the Visual Analog Scale; and 0.94 for the Insomnia Severity Index score. An analysis including those who dropped out also showed significant improvements for all measures.ConclusionAudiologist-delivered CBT led to significant improvements in self-report measures of tinnitus and hyperacusis handicap and insomnia. The methods described here may be used when designing future randomized controlled trials of efficacy.
Stealing Cookies in the Twenty-First Century: Measures of Spoken Narrative in Healthy Versus Speakers With Aphasia
Authors: Berube Shauna , Nonnemacher Jodi , Demsky Cornelia , Glenn Shenly , Saxena Sadhvi , Wright Amy , Tippett Donna C. , Hillis Argye E. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Our goal was to evaluate an updated version of the “Cookie Theft” picture by obtaining norms based on picture descriptions by healthy controls for total content units (CUs), syllables per CU, and the ratio of left–right CUs. In addition, we aimed to compare these measures from healthy controls to picture descriptions obtained from individuals with poststroke aphasia and primary progressive aphasia (PPA) to assess whether these measures can capture impairments in content and efficiency of communication.

Method
Using an updated version of this picture, we analyzed descriptions from 50 healthy controls to develop norms for numbers of syllables, total CUs, syllables per CU, and left–right CU. We provide preliminary data from 44 individuals with aphasia (19 with poststroke aphasia and 25 with PPA).

Results
A total of 96 CUs were established based on the written transcriptions of spoken picture descriptions of the 50 control participants. There was a significant effect of group on total CUs, syllables, syllables per CU, and left–right CUs. The poststroke participants produced significantly fewer total CU and syllables than those with PPA. Each aphasic group produced significantly fewer total CUs, fewer syllables, more syllables per CU, and lower left–right CUs (indicating a right-sided bias) compared to controls.

Conclusions
Results show that the measures of numbers of syllables, total CUs, syllables per CU, and left–right CUs can distinguish language output of individuals with aphasia from controls and capture impairments in content and efficiency of communication. A limitation of this study is that we evaluated only 44 individuals with aphasia. In the future, we will evaluate other measures, such as CUs per minute, lexical variability, grammaticality, and ratio of nouns to verbs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7015223
The Mandarin Version of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) and Its Reliability
Authors: Chen Zhen , Fang Rui , Zhang Yi , Ge Pingjiang , Zhuang Peiyun , Chou Adriana , Jiang Jack 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop the Mandarin version of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) and evaluate its reliability compared with the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS).

Method
The Mandarin version of the CAPE-V tool was translated from the validated English version with phonemic adaptations, content adjustment, and scale modification. Sixty dysphonic, 20 normal, and 20 repeated voice samples were included in this study. Ten of these were used for preassessment training; the remaining 90 were evaluated using the Mandarin CAPE-V and GRBAS for comparison of their interrater and intrarater reliabilities.

Results

Intrarater reliability was measured by Pearson
r
for the CAPE-V and Spearman rho for the GRBAS. Average CAPE-V Pearson
r
ranged from 0.80 for strain to 0.91 for overall severity, compared with average GRBAS Spearman rho of 0.83 for strain to 0.89 for asthenia. Interrater reliability was measured by an intraclass coefficient (ICC). Average CAPE-V ICCs ranged from .57 for pitch to .81 for overall severity, compared with average GRBAS ICCs of .60 for asthenia to .83 for grade.

Conclusions
The Mandarin CAPE-V addresses some limits of the English version. It also demonstrates good intrarater and interrater reliability, comparable to those of GRBAS.
Eine kleine homöopathische Randbemerkung
Authors: Gerke Stephan 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungBerichtet wird vom Fall einer Patientin mit chronischem Husten. Der Versuch einer Arzneimittelfindung mit Hilfe eines Repertoriums erweist sich als schwierig. Durch Analyse der Zeichenkombinationen mit Hilfe des Symptomenlexikons von Uwe Plate kann das Vorliegen einer Sulfur-Arzneimittelprüfung plausibel gemacht werden. Die Vermutung wird gestützt durch die Anamnese monatelanger täglicher Sulfur-Einnahme. In der raschen Besserung der Symptomatik nach Sulfur-Gabe in Hochpotenz kann unter Umständen eine Bestätigung der Vermutung gesehen werden.
Ein Fall von Aplasie des Knochenmarks bei einem 8 ½ Monate alten weiblichen Säugling nach Überdosierung von nicht-indiziertem Silica D6 und Mercurius cyanatus D6
1
Authors: Thomas Christoph 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEine gleichzeitige Applikation von nicht-indiziertem Silica D6 und Mercurius cyanatus D6 je dreimal täglich bewirkte bei einem weiblichen Säugling ausgeprägte Arzneimittelsymptome2 ab 3 – 4 Wochen nach Beginn dieser Medikation. Diese Warnzeichen wurden jedoch nicht erkannt, und so erhielt das Kind im Alter von 1 ½ bis 7 Monaten insgesamt etwa 150 – 180 Dosen pro Arznei. Ohne andere erkennbare Ursache oder ererbte Disposition kam es im Alter von 8 ½ Monaten zu einer Aplasie des Knochenmarks.
Phosphorus zeigte bei gleichzeitig fortgeführter allopathischer Therapie nur vorübergehend eine bessernde Wirkung. China, Acidum sulfuricum und Lachesis heilten nicht. Erst nach Beendigung jeglicher allopathischen Therapie wurde durch 12 Gaben Phosphorus Q1 eine dauerhafte Heilung bewirkt, Nachbeobachtungszeit: 28 Jahre.Das vorliegende Fallbeispiel belegt, dass es beim Einsatz potenzierter Arzneien zwingend erforderlich ist, die Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Regeln der klassischen Homöopathie genau zu beachten und einzuhalten. Die wesentliche Gefahr besteht darin, potenzierte Medikamente regelwidrig gemäß den Gewohnheiten der Allopathie zu verordnen, z. B.: nach klinischen Diagnosen statt nach individuellen Symptomen, in zu starker Dosierung, in zu häufig repetierten Dosen, nach fixen Schemata statt individuell dem jeweiligen Krankheitsfall angepasst, ohne sorgfältige Verlaufsbeobachtung oder als gleichzeitige Verabreichung mehrerer Arzneimittel (z. B. in Kombinationspräparaten).
Tabacum und Vertigo (= Schwindelzustände) stärkster Ausprägung
Authors: Hadulla Michael , Richter Olaf 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Kasuistik beschreibt die homöopathische Mittelfindung bei rezidivierenden Schwindelzuständen einer 64 Jahre alten Patientin. Die erfolgreiche Verschreibung von Tabacum zeigt, dass auch zur Chronifizierung neigende Beschwerden, bei vorhandener Ähnlichkeit mit den aktuellen Symptomen, mit „kleinen“ Mitteln erfolgreich behandelt werden können.
Homöopathie aus nanomedizinischer Perspektive
Authors: Koch Ulrich 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEntgegen der bisherigen Annahme, dass in homöopathischen Hochpotenzen in Verdünnungsgraden jenseits der Avogadro’schen Konstante kein Ausgangsmaterial mehr nachzuweisen sein dürfte, konnte in den letzten Jahren das Gegenteil in unabhängigen Studien konsistent gezeigt werden. Neben den mit höherer Potenzierung in abnehmender Größe entstandenen Nanopartikeln konnten auch Nanopartikel von Laktose und Silikaten nachgewiesen werden. Im Nanoparticle-Allostatic-Cross-Adaption-Sensitization Model von Bell wird versucht diese Beobachtungen in der Zusammenschau bereits vorliegender biologischer und physikalischer Erkenntnisse zu einer Hypothese homöopathischer Arzneiwirkung zusammenzufügen, was aber in einigen Punkten noch einer experimentellen Überprüfung bedarf.
Das psychotische Kontinuum
Authors: Watzke S. , Marneros A. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie bisherige Forschung hat gezeigt, dass eine scharfe Abgrenzung von prototypischen Störungen, etwa Schizophrenie und affektive Störungen, nicht möglich ist. Offensichtlich bestehen wahrscheinlich genetisch determinierte Überlappungen zwischen einem schizophrenen und einem affektiven Spektrum, die dazu führen, dass psychotische Störungen entstehen, die Merkmale der beiden Prototypen haben. Derartige psychotische Störungen, Paratypen genannt, mit klinischen und paraklinischen Gemeinsamkeiten, wie etwa schizoaffektive Erkrankungen oder akute vorübergehende psychotische Störungen, spannen ein Kontinuum zwischen den beiden Prototypen auf. Für diese Kontinuumsannahme sprechen eine Anzahl von gewichtigen Argumenten, wie etwa im prämorbiden und phänomenologischen, verlaufsdynamischen, prognostischen, genetischen, biologischen und neuropsychologischen Bereich.
Zum Krankheitsbegriff der Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS)
Authors: Vogeley K. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Krankheitsbegriff in der Psychiatrie oszilliert zwischen naturalistischen und normativistischen Ansätzen. Für den Zweck der Erörterungen in diesem Beitrag soll ein naturalistischer Begriff psychiatrischer Erkrankungen vorausgesetzt werden, demzufolge psychische Krankheiten als Störungen von Fähigkeiten verstanden werden können, die uns unter normalen, gesunden Umständen zur Verfügung sind. Im Fall autistischer Störungen wird eine dimensionale Auffassung eines Spektrums von autistischen Störungen favorisiert. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt betrifft den longitudinalen Verlauf autistischer Störungen. Während intuitive soziale Fähigkeiten über das gesamte Leben gestört bleiben, können soziale Lernprozesse einen Teil der Störungen kompensieren. Ein einheitliches nosologisches Konzept aber, das die Verursachung und die neurobiologische Vermittlung autistischer Störungen erklären könnte und auch den Verlauf der Erkrankung mitberücksichtigt, fehlt bisher. Dies ist die zentrale Herausforderung zukünftiger Forschung auf dem Gebiet autistischer Störungen.
Neue Formen der psychiatrischen Arbeitsrehabilitation
Authors: Kawohl W. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungSupported Employment (SE), insbesondere die Methode Individual Placement and Support (IPS), ist ein mittlerweile im Rahmen zahlreicher randomisierter kontrollierter Studien (RCTs) gut belegter Ansatz zur beruflichen Rehabilitation von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen. Prädiktoren für den Coaching-Erfolg sind u.a. Motivation und soziale Vernetzung. Trotz der Überlegenheit bzgl. des Vermittlungserfolges in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt ist die Finanzierung von SE, im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Methoden der Arbeitsrehabilitation wie Werkstätten für Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen, in Deutschland nicht gesetzlich geregelt. Die Empfehlung in Leitlinien wird vielfach noch zurückhaltend gehandhabt.
Assessing the quality of mental health rehabilitation services
Authors: Killaspy H. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: Mental health rehabilitation services focus on people with severe and complex problems that impair their function and make them potentially vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. They require longer term treatment and support from a range of inpatient and community services that hold therapeutic optimism and adopt a recovery orientation. Aims: In recent years, specific tools and processes have been developed to facilitate assessment of the quality of care in services that provide rehabilitation. These include the built environments where people receive support, the therapeutic culture of these facilities, the treatments and interventions provided, the degree to which autonomy and community engagement are promoted, and the process for safeguarding human rights. Results: When local rehabilitation services are available, most people are able to be successfully discharged to the community, achieving greater independence incrementally. The quality of inpatient rehabilitation services has been shown to be positively associated with service users’ autonomy, the main aim of rehabilitation, with the most important aspect being the recovery orientation of the service.