bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapists’ Ability to Distinguish Between Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Arthritis and to Appropriately Refer Patients to a Rheumatologist
Authors: Ehrmann Feldman Debbie , Bernatsky Sasha , Orozco Tatiana , El‐Khoury Jonathan , Desmeules François , Laliberté Maude , Perreault Kadija , Grad Roland , Zummer Michel , Woodhouse Linda 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether physical therapists (PTs) can correctly identify new‐onset inflammatory arthritis; to assess whether PTs are aware that cases of new‐onset inflammatory arthritis should be referred to a rheumatologist; to explore the comfort level of PTs to refer to medical specialists; and to determine factors associated with correctly identifying inflammatory arthritis and referring to a rheumatologist.MethodsWe sent a questionnaire to PTs in 2 Canadian provinces describing 4 case scenarios (new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis [RA], knee osteoarthritis [OA], new‐onset ankylosing spondylitis [AS], and low back pain [LBP]). Participants were asked to identify probable medical diagnoses and indicate their plan of action. We described the frequencies of our outcomes and used logistic regression to explore associated factors.ResultsA total of 352 PTs responded. The proportions who correctly identified each of the 4 cases were 90%, 83%, 77%, and 100%, respectively, for RA, OA, AS, and LBP. Among those, 77%, 30%, 73%, and 3%, respectively, indicated that it was “very important” or “extremely important” to refer to a rheumatologist. Approximately two‐thirds felt “extremely comfortable” or “quite comfortable” to refer to a specialist. PTs working in rural areas were less likely to refer.ConclusionMost PTs correctly identified the clinical cases and were aware of the importance of prompt referral to a rheumatologist for inflammatory disease. Most indicated that it was not very important to refer those with OA and LBP. This implies that many PTs can distinguish between inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions and appropriately refer patients with suspected inflammatory arthritis to a rheumatologist.
Functional Demonstration of a Memristive Arithmetic Logic Unit (MemALU) for In‐Memory Computing
Authors: Cheng Long , Li Yi , Yin Kang‐Sheng , Hu Si‐Yu , Su Yu‐Ting , Jin Miao‐Miao , Wang Zhuo‐Rui , Chang Ting‐Chang , Miao Xiang‐Shui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe development of in‐memory computing has opened up possibilities to build next‐generation non‐von‐Neumann computing architecture. Implementation of logic functions within the memristors can significantly improve the energy efficiency and alleviate the bandwidth congestion issue. In this work, the demonstration of arithmetic logic unit functions is presented in a memristive crossbar with implemented non‐volatile Boolean logic and arithmetic computing. For logic implementation, a standard operating voltage mode is proposed for executing reconfigurable stateful IMP, destructive OR, NOR, and non‐destructive OR logic on both the word and bit lines. No additional voltages are needed beyond “VP” and its negative component. With these basic logic functions, other Boolean functions are constructed within five devices in at most five steps. For arithmetic computing, the fundamental functions including an n‐bit full adder with high parallelism as well as efficient increment, decrement, and shift operations are demonstrated. Other arithmetic blocks, such as subtraction, multiplication, and division are further designed. This work provides solid evidence that memristors can be used as the building block for in‐memory computing, targeting various low‐power edge computing applications.
Use of the Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2 Blend as Electron Transport Layer Results to Consistent Efficiency Improvements in Organic and Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Seitkhan Akmaral , Neophytou Marios , Kirkus Mindaugas , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Yengel Emre , Firdaus Yuliar , Faber Hendrik , Lin Yuanbao , Tsetseris Leonidas , McCulloch Iain , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA simple approach that enables a consistent enhancement of the electron extracting properties of the widely used small‐molecule Phen‐NaDPO and its application in organic solar cells (OSCs) is reported. It is shown that addition of minute amounts of the inorganic molecule Sn(SCN)2 into Phen‐NaDPO improves both the electron transport and its film‐forming properties. Use of Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2 blend as the electron transport layer (ETL) in binary PM6:IT‐4F OSCs leads to a remarkable increase in the cells' power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 12.6% (Phen‐NaDPO) to 13.5% (Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2). Combining the hybrid ETL with the best‐in‐class organic ternary PM6:Y6:PC70BM systems results to a similarly remarkable PCE increase from 14.2% (Phen‐NaDPO) to 15.6% (Phen‐NaDPO:Sn(SCN)2). The consistent PCE enhancement is attributed to reduced trap‐assisted carrier recombination at the bulk‐heterojunction/ETL interface due to the presence of new energy states formed upon chemical interaction of Phen‐NaDPO with Sn(SCN)2. The versatility of this hybrid ETL is further demonstrated with its application in perovskite solar cells for which an increase in the PCE from 16.6% to 18.2% is also demonstrated.
Basicity‐Engineered Graphite Fluoride Functionalization and Beyond: An Unusual Reaction between Ultraweak Nucleophile and Ultrastrong CF Bonds
Authors: Pan Bingyige , Hu Cheng‐Min , Bai Li , Zhao Fu‐Gang , Dong Lei , Zuo Biao , Zhang Wei , Wang Xinping , Li Wei‐Shi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGraphite fluoride‐launched graphene functionalization has attracted increasing interest in recent years. Highly basic nucleophiles are normally employed for ultrastrong CF bonding. However, frequently, an appreciable majority of C–F units of graphite fluoride are reductively eliminated, leading to low functionalization degrees. It is hypothesized that graphite fluoride could likely be functionalized to a larger degree by lowering the basicity of the nucleophiles. Herein, ultraweakly basic NH3·H2O is adopted as a nucleophile to react with extremely inert graphite fluoride, and the resulting reaction affords amino/hydroxyl cofunctionalized graphene (NH2–G–OH). As expected, the NH2/OH functionalization degree and the ratio of substituted C–F units to reduced ones reach high values of 0.34 and 1.62, respectively. Due to the dual energy‐storage mechanisms of the electrochemical double‐layer capacitance coupled with Faradaic pseudocapacitance, the NH2–G8–OH‐based all‐solid‐state supercapacitors are flexible and robust and deliver state‐of‐the‐art capacitive characteristics, while exhibiting high rate capability and electrochemical cycling stability. In addition, NH2/OH moieties remain highly reactive to be post‐functionalized by versatile electrophiles, not only achieving an umpolung of graphite fluoride, but also enabling NH2–G8–OH a competitive alternative to monopolistic GO, and opening up an innovative pathway for development of high‐performance graphene derivatives amenable to multifarious applications.
Modular Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes, Nanoparticles, and Molecular Catalysts into Solar‐to‐Chemical Energy Conversion Devices
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , You Younghoon , Kang Dongkyu , Jeon Dasom , Bae Sanghyun , Shin Yoonkyung , Lee Joonseok , Lee Jiseok , Ryu Jungki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe design and fabrication of solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices are enabled through interweaving multiple components with various morphologies and unique functions using a versatile layer‐by‐layer assembly method. Cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes are used as an electrostatic adhesive to assemble the following functional materials: plasmonic Ag nanoparticles for improved light harvesting, upconversion nanoparticles for utilization of near‐infrared light, and polyoxometalate water oxidation catalysts for enhanced catalytic activity. Polyelectrolytes also have an additional function of passivating the surface recombination centers of the underlying photoelectrode. These functional components are precisely assembled on a model photoanode (e.g., Fe2O3 and BiVO4) in a desired order and various combinations without degradation of their intrinsic properties. As a result, the performance of water oxidation photoanodes is synergistically enhanced. This study can enable the design and fabrication of novel solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices.
Catalase‐Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Reverse Hypoxia‐Induced Chemotherapeutic Resistance
Authors: Yen Tin‐Yo , Stephen Zachary R. , Lin Guanyou , Mu Qingxin , Jeon Mike , Untoro Stela , Welsh Parker , Zhang Miqin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntratumoral hypoxia is a major contributor to multiple drug resistance (MDR) in cancer, and can lead to poor prognosis of patients receiving chemotherapy. Development of an MDR‐inhibitor that mitigates the hypoxic environment is crucial for cancer management and treatment. Reported is a biocompatible and biodegradable catalase‐conjugated iron oxide nanoparticle (Cat‐IONP) capable of converting reactive oxygen species to molecular oxygen to supply an oxygen source for the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Cat‐IONP demonstrates initial enzymatic activity comparable to free catalase while providing a nearly threefold increase in long‐term enzymatic activity. It is demonstrated that Cat‐IONP significantly reduces the in vitro expression of hypoxia‐inducible factors at the transcription level in a breast cancer cell line. Co‐treatment of Cat‐IONP and paclitaxel (PTX) significantly increases the drug sensitivity of hypoxic‐cultured cells, demonstrating greater than twofold and fivefold reduction in cell viability in comparison to cells treated only with 80 and 120 × 10−6 m PTX, respectively. These findings demonstrate the ability of Cat‐IONP to act as an MDR‐inhibitor at different biological levels, suggesting a promising strategy to combat cancer‐MDR and to optimize cancer management and treatment outcomes.
Striated 2D Lattice with Sub‐nm 1D Etch Channels by Controlled Thermally Induced Phase Transformations of PdSe2
Authors: Ryu Gyeong Hee , Zhu Taishan , Chen Jun , Sinha Sapna , Shautsova Viktoryia , Grossman Jeffrey C. , Warner Jamie H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract2D crystals are typically uniform and periodic in‐plane with stacked sheet‐like structure in the out‐of‐plane direction. Breaking the in‐plane 2D symmetry by creating unique lattice structures offers anisotropic electronic and optical responses that have potential in nanoelectronics. However, creating nanoscale‐modulated anisotropic 2D lattices is challenging and is mostly done using top‐down lithographic methods with ≈10 nm resolution. A phase transformation mechanism for creating 2D striated lattice systems is revealed, where controlled thermal annealing induces Se loss in few‐layered PdSe2 and leads to 1D sub‐nm etched channels in Pd2Se3 bilayers. These striated 2D crystals cannot be described by a typical unit cells of 1–2 Å for crystals, but rather long range nanoscale periodicity in each three directions. The 1D channels give rise to localized conduction states, which have no bulk layered counterpart or monolayer form. These results show how the known family of 2D crystals can be extended beyond those that exist as bulk layered van der Waals crystals by exploiting phase transformations by elemental depletion in binary systems.
Ruddlesden–Popper 2D Component to Stabilize γ‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Phase for Stable and Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Kang , Li Zhizai , Zhou Faguang , Wang Haoran , Bian Hui , Zhang Hong , Wang Qian , Jin Zhiwen , Ding Liming , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe highest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of black phase based CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells has exceeded 18%, and become a hotspot in recent progress. However, the black phase of CsPbI3 rapidly transforms to yellow phase in ambient conditions due to its thermodynamic instability. Here, a Ruddlesden–Popper 2D structure is introduced into γ‐CsPbI3 film to stabilize the black phase via reducing dimensionality. It is found that a judicious amount of phenylethylammonium iodide can adjust the dimensionality of γ‐CsPbI3 film from 2D to quasi‐2D and 3D phase. Comprehensive consideration to obtain both the stability and high PCE, quasi‐2D (n = 40) γ‐CsPbI3 delivers a reproducible PCE of 13.65% with negligible hysteresis. By utilizing femtosecond transient absorption and time‐resolved PL decay, similar carrier kinetics in n = 40 and ∞ samples are observed, meaning an efficient charge extraction. More importantly, when the device is placed at 80 °C in N2 condition or in air with RH of 25–30%, its PCE keeps ≈88% and ≈89% of its initial PCE after 12 days, respectively. Such results are better than the 3D one (≈69% and ≈16%, respectively).
A Dopant‐Free Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Material Enabled High Fill Factor Over 81% for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qi Feng , Deng Xiang , Wu Xin , Huo Lijun , Xiao Yiqun , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Zonglong , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have achieved rapid progress in the past few years, most of the high‐performance device results are based on the doped small molecule hole‐transporting material (HTM), spiro‐OMeTAD, which affects their long‐term stability. In addition, some defects from under‐coordinated Pb atoms on the surface of perovskite films can also result in nonradiative recombination to affect device performance. To alleviate these problems, a dopant‐free HTM based on a donor‐acceptor polymer, PBT1‐C, synthesized from the copolymerization between the benzodithiophene and 1,3‐bis(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐alkyl)benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione units is introduced. PBT1‐C not only possesses excellent hole mobility, but is also able to passivate the surface traps of the perovskite films. The derived PVSC shows a high power conversion efficiency of 19.06% with a very high fill factor of 81.22%, which is the highest reported for dopant‐free polymeric HTMs. The results from photoluminescence and trap density of states measurements validate that PBT1‐C can effectively passivate both surface and grain boundary traps of the perovskite.
Impact of age on outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Crosby Dana L. , Jones Jeb , Palmer James N. , Cohen Noam A. , Kohanski Michael A. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition that affects people of all ages and negatively impacts quality of life. The goal of this study was to identify differences in outcomes by age following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS utilizing 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores.MethodsData from 1252 adult CRS patients electing to undergo ESS (2007‐2018) were collected retrospectively. The median age of 50 years was used to divide the data into 2 groups for comparison of the impact of age on SNOT‐22 scores at 0, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Changes in SNOT‐22 scores were analyzed using a mixed models analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender, race, polyp status, and number of prior ESSs, patients younger than 50 years had a higher mean pre‐ESS SNOT‐22 score (44.0) compared to those of at least 50 years of age (38.9). Among patients younger than 50 years, SNOT‐22 scores declined by 20.7 points at 3 months post‐ESS and 16.1 points at 6 months post‐ESS. The rate of change between the dichotomized age groups was not significantly different at 3 and 6 months post‐ESS (p = 0.7952 and p = 0.1057, respectively).ConclusionBoth age groups showed significant and durable improvement in SNOT‐22 scores after ESS. Patients younger than 50 years of age have higher pre‐ESS SNOT‐22 scores, but converge to the same SNOT‐22 scores by 3 months post‐ESS. The rate of change of SNOT‐22 scores is not different between those younger than 50 years and those of at least 50 years.
Quantitative examination of the inhibitory activation of molecular targeting agents in hepatocellular carcinoma patient‐derived cell invasion via a novel in vivo tumor model
Authors: Sun Huiwei , Feng Fan , Xie Hui , Li Xiaojuan , Jiang Qiyu , Chai Yantao , Wang Zhijie , Yang Ruichuang , Li Ruisheng , Hou Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib are far from satisfactory because of treatment resistance to sorafenib. However, the exact mechanism of resistance to sorafenib remains unclear and it is valuable to establish a novel mouse model to quantitatively analyze the inhibition rates of sorafenib on the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver.MethodsHCC tissue microblocks derived from patients were cultured and mixed with hydrogel drops. Then, hydrogel drops containing microblocks of HCC tissue were attached onto the surface of the livers of nude mice to form lesions or nodules of HCC. The mice received molecular targeting agents through oral administration. Livers with tumor nodules were harvested for H&E staining (hematoxylin‐eosin staining) analysis and H&E staining images were quantitatively analyzed using image J software. The invasive growth of HCC cells into the liver was calculated using the depth of the lesions compared with the total thickness of the liver.ResultsMicroblocks containing cells derived from HCC patients can form lesions in the liver of nude mice. Oral administration of molecular targeting agents inhibited the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice.ConclusionsThe model established in this study involves the invasive growth of HCC cells in the liver of nude mice, and the model allows for the quantitative analysis of the inhibitory effect of molecular targeting agents on the invasion of HCC cells in vivo.
Butenolide Derivatives of Biobased Furans: Sustainable Synthetic Dyes
Authors: Saska Jan , Li Zheng , Otsuki Andrew L. , Wei Jiahui , Fettinger James C. , Mascal Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe dye and pigment manufacturing industry is one of the most polluting in the world. Each year, over one million tons of petrochemical colorants are produced globally, the synthesis of which generates a large amount of waste. Naturally occurring, plant‐based dyes, on the other hand, are resource intensive to produce (land, water, energy), and are generally less effective as colorants. Between these two extremes would be synthetic dyes that are fully sourced from biomass‐derived intermediates. The present work describes the synthesis of such compounds, containing strong chromophores that lead to bright colors in the yellow to red region of the visible spectrum. The study was originally motivated by an early report of an unidentified halomethylfurfural derivative which resulted from hydrolysis in the presence of barium carbonate, now characterized as a butenolide of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). The method has been generalized for the synthesis of dyes from other biobased platform molecules, and a mechanism is proposed.
Addressing the Perioperative Nursing Shortage Through Education: A Perioperative Imperative
Authors: Beitz Janice M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurse leaders are facing an unprecedented nursing shortage. Very few baccalaureate nursing programs in the United States prepare graduates for perioperative nursing, and many current perioperative nurses are retiring from practice or leaving the field for other reasons. It is a challenge for nursing administrators to fill the vacant positions because it takes several months to orient a novice perioperative nurse and it involves significant costs. This article provides current information about perioperative nurse and leader shortages, discusses the effects of the shortages on patient safety and health care facility finances, and reviews the available literature about perioperative nursing education from both an academic and health care facility administrative perspective. In addition, this article presents strategies for addressing the nursing shortage and describes implications for clinical practice, education, and research.
Role of Ab Initio Calculations in the Design and Development of Organometallic Lanthanide‐Based Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Swain Abinash , Sarkar Arup , Rajaraman Gopalan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSingle‐molecule magnets based on lanthanides are very attractive due to their potential applications proposed in the area of microelectronic devices. Very recent advances in this area are due to the blend of conventional lanthanide chemistry with organometallic ligands, and several breakthrough achievements are attained with this combination. Ab initio methods based on multi‐reference CASSCF calculations are playing a vital role in the design and development of such molecules. In this minireview, we aim to appraise various contributions in the area of organometallic lanthanide complexes (those containing lanthanide‐carbon bonds) and describe how these robust wavefunction‐based methods have played a constructive role not only in rationalizing the observed magnetic properties but also proven to be a potential predictive tool with some selected examples.
Transmission and regulation of biochemical stimulus via a nanoshell directly adsorbed on the cell membrane to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell
Authors: Han Uiyoung , Hwang Jun‐Ha , Lee Jong‐Min , Kim Hyeoni , Jung Han‐Sung , Hong Jeong‐Ho , Hong Jinkee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA nanoscale artificial extracellular matrix (nanoshell) formed by layer‐by‐layer adsorption can enhance and modulate the function of stem cells by transferring biochemical stimulus to the cell directly. Here, the nanoshell composed of fibronectin (FN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) is demonstrated to promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The multilayer structure of nanoshell is formed by repeating self‐assembly of FN and CS, and its thickness can be controlled through the number of layers. The expression of chondrogenic markers in MSCs coated with the FN/CS nanoshell was increased as the number of bilayers in the nanoshell increased until four, but when it exceeds five bilayers, the effect began to decrease. Finally, the MSCs coated with optimized four bilayers of FN/CS nanoshell have high chondrogenic differentiation efficiency and showed the potential to increase formation of cartilage tissue when it is transplanted into mouse kidney. So, the precise regulation of stem cell fate at single cell level can be possible through the cellular surface modification by self‐assembled polymeric film.