bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global positioning system tracking devices can decrease Greater Sage-Grouse survival
Authors: Severson John P , Coates Peter S , Prochazka Brian G , Ricca Mark A , Casazza Michael L , Delehanty David J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Reliable demographic estimates hinge on the assumption that marking animals does not alter their behavior, reproduction, or survival. Violations can bias inference and are especially egregious for species of high conservation concern. Global positioning system (GPS) devices represent a recent technological advancement that has contributed greatly to avian ecological studies compared with traditionally used very high frequency (VHF) radio transmitters, but may affect demographic rates differently than VHF transmitters. We compared survival between VHF (necklace attachment) and GPS (rump-mounted attachment) devices from >1,100 Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species of high conservation concern, across multiple populations within California and Nevada. We found lower survival for GPS-marked compared to VHF-marked sage-grouse across most sex, age, and seasonal comparisons. Estimates of annual survival for GPS-marked sage-grouse were 0.55–0.86 times that of VHF-marked birds with considerable variation among sex and age classes. Differences in survival could be attributed to features associated with GPS devices, including greater weight, position of attachment (e.g., rump-mount harness), and a semi-reflective solar panel. In a post hoc analysis, we evaluated additive and interactive effects between device type (GPS vs. VHF) and transmitter mass as a proportion of body mass (PBM). While the device type effect alone was the best model, the PBM interaction also had support. For GPS devices, survival decreased with increasing PBM, whereas PBM effects were not found for VHF. We attributed differences in PBM effect to placement of transmitters on sage-grouse, as weight of GPS devices was positioned rearward. This information can help managers and researchers weigh costs and benefits of GPS-based monitoring. Our results indicate demographic data collected from GPS devices should be interpreted with caution, and use of these devices should be tailored to specific ecological questions. Future research aimed at investigating behavioral impacts and GPS designs that reduce adverse impacts on survival would be beneficial.
Deregulation of Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs in CD4+ T Cells of Lamina Propria in Crohn’s Disease Through Transcriptome Profiling
Authors: Braga-Neto Manuel B , Gaballa Joseph M , Bamidele Adebowale O , Sarmento Olga F , Svingen Phyllis , Gonzalez Michelle , Ramos Guilherme Piovezani , Sagstetter Mary R , Aseem Sayed Obaidullah , Sun Zhifu , Faubion William A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The aetiology of Crohn’s disease [CD] involves immune dysregulation in a genetically susceptible individual. Genome-wide association studies [GWAS] have identified 200 loci associated with CD, ulcerative colitis, or both, most of which fall within non-coding DNA regions. Long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs] regulate gene expression by diverse mechanisms and have been associated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. However, disease-associated lncRNAs have not been characterised in pathogenic immune cell populations.

Methods
Terminal ileal samples were obtained from 22 CD patients and 13 controls. RNA from lamina propria CD4+ T cells was sequenced and long intergenic non-coding RNAs [lincRNAs] were detected. Overall expression patterns, differential expression [DE], and pathway and gene enrichment analyses were performed. Knockdown of novel lincRNAs XLOC_000261 and XLOC_000014 was performed. Expression of Th1 or Th17-associated transcription factors, T-bet and RORγt, respectively, was assessed by flow cytometry.

Results
A total of 6402 lincRNAs were expressed, 960 of which were novel. Unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis showed that the lincRNA expression discriminated patients from controls. A total of 1792 lincRNAs were DE, and 295 [79 novel; 216 known] mapped to 267 of 5727 DE protein-coding genes. The novel lincRNAs were enriched in inflammatory and Notch signalling pathways [p &lt;0.05]. Furthermore, DE lincRNAs in CD patients were more frequently found in DNA regions with known inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-associated loci. The novel lincRNA XLOC_000261 negatively regulated RORγt expression in Th17 cells.

Conclusions
We describe a novel set of DE lincRNAs in CD-associated CD4+ cells and demonstrate that novel lincRNA XLOC_000261 appears to negatively regulate RORγt protein expression in Th17 cells.
The CRISP-P study: feasibility of a self-completed colorectal cancer risk prediction tool in primary care
Authors: Harty Elena C , McIntosh Jennifer G , Bickerstaffe Adrian , Hewabandu Nadira , Emery Jon D 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveAustralia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) globally. Our research team has developed a CRC risk prediction tool for use in primary care to increase targeted screening. This study, Colorectal cancer RISk Prediction tool – patient (‘CRISP-P’), aimed to determine the following to inform a future trial design: (i) the feasibility of self-reporting; (ii) the feasibility of recruitment methods; and (iii) the prevalence of CRC risk.MethodsParticipants aged between 40 and 75 years were recruited consecutively from three primary care waiting rooms. Participants input data into CRISP on a tablet without receiving clinical advice. Feasibility was evaluated using recruitment rate, timely completion, a self-reported ‘ease-of-use’, score and field notes. Prevalence of CRC risk was calculated using the CRISP model.ResultsFive hundred sixty-one (90%) patients agreed to use the tool and 424 (84%) rated the tool easy to use. Despite this, 41% of people were unable to complete the questions without assistance. Patients who were older, without tertiary education or with English as their second language were more likely to require assistance (P < 0.001). Thirty-nine percent of patients were low risk, 58% at slightly increased and 2.4% were at moderately increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in the next 5 years.ConclusionsThe tool was perceived as easy to use, although older, less educated people, and patients with English as their second language needed help. The data support the recruitment methods but not the use of a self-completed tool for an efficacy trial.
Characterization of two novel mutations in IL-12R signaling in MSMD patients
Authors: Fayez Elham Alipour , Koohini Zahra , Koohini Zohreh , Zamanzadeh Hossein , de Boer Martin , Roos Dirk , Teimourian Shahram 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD) is a rare syndrome with infections—among other complications—after Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in children. We focused on the IL-12/IFN-γ pathway to identify new mutations in our patients. This study included 20 patients by vulnerability to mycobacteria and clinical manifestations of severe, recurrent infections. Blood samples were activated with BCG, BCG + IL-12 and BCG + IFN-γ. Cytokine levels were analyzed by ELISA. Measurements of IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12Rβ2 on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were performed by flow cytometry. To detect genetic defects, next-generation sequencing was performed by Thermo Fisher immunodeficiency panel. Flow cytometry analysis of 20 patients indicated reduction in IL-12R (β1/β2) expression in seven patients who showed incomplete production of IFN-γ by ELISA. In the patient with reduced IL-12 production, IFN-γR and IL-12R (β1/β2) expression levels were normal. Mutation analysis showed three previously reported mutations, two novel mutations in IL-12 R (β1/β2), and one previously reported mutation in IL-12.
Socioeconomic Status Moderates Age Differences in Empathic Concern
Authors: Li Tianyuan , Siu Pok-Man 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Older age has been found to relate to a higher level of empathic concern and prosocial tendencies in many studies, but there are also studies that found contradictory results. To fully understand the phenomenon, we propose that socioeconomic status (SES) is an important factor to consider when examining differences in empathic concern and prosocial tendencies.

Method
Two studies with Hong Kong Chinese participants were conducted to test the moderating effect of SES on the relationship between age and empathic concern. Both studies assessed participants’ age, SES, empathic concern, and background information, while Study 2 also examined different indicators of prosocial tendencies.

Results
SES consistently moderated age differences in empathic concern in the two studies. The positive association between age and empathic concern was only significant for individuals with low SES, but not for those with high SES. Study 2 further revealed that the positive indirect effects from age to prosocial tendencies through a higher level of empathic concern were only significant for individuals with low SES as well.

Discussion
The results highlighted the importance to consider contextual factors when studying age-related differences.
Bayesian joint inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data to image freshwater aquifer offshore New Jersey
Authors: Blatter Daniel , Key Kerry , Ray Anandaroop , Gustafson Chloe , Evans Rob 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARY
Joint inversion of multiple electromagnetic data sets, such as controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data, has the potential to significantly reduce uncertainty in the inverted electrical resistivity when the two data sets contain complementary information about the subsurface. However, evaluating quantitatively the model uncertainty reduction is made difficult by the fact that conventional inversion methods—using gradients and model regularization—typically produce just one model, with no associated estimate of model parameter uncertainty. Bayesian inverse methods can provide quantitative estimates of inverted model parameter uncertainty by generating an ensemble of models, sampled proportional to data fit. The resulting posterior distribution represents a combination of a priori assumptions about the model parameters and information contained in field data. Bayesian inversion is therefore able to quantify the impact of jointly inverting multiple data sets by using the statistical information contained in the posterior distribution. We illustrate, for synthetic data generated from a simple 1-D model, the shape of parameter space compatible with controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data, separately and jointly. We also demonstrate that when data sets contain complementary information about the model, the region of parameter space compatible with the joint data set is less than or equal to the intersection of the regions compatible with the individual data sets. We adapt a trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for jointly inverting multiple electromagnetic data sets for 1-D earth models and apply it to surface-towed controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data collected offshore New Jersey, USA, to evaluate the extent of a low salinity aquifer within the continental shelf. Our inversion results identify a region of high resistivity of varying depth and thickness in the upper 500 m of the continental shelf, corroborating results from a previous study that used regularized, gradient-based inversion methods. We evaluate the joint model parameter uncertainty in comparison to the uncertainty obtained from the individual data sets and demonstrate quantitatively that joint inversion offers reduced uncertainty. In addition, we show how the Bayesian model ensemble can subsequently be used to derive uncertainty estimates of pore water salinity within the low salinity aquifer.
Complex-conductivity monitoring to delineate aquifer pore clogging during nanoparticles injection
Authors: Flores Orozco Adrián , Micić Vesna , Bücker Matthias , Gallistl Jakob , Hofmann Thilo , Nguyen Frederic 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYLaboratory and field studies have demonstrated the applicability of nanoparticles (NP) for accelerated contaminant degradation. Beside other limitations (e.g. costs, delivery, longevity, non-target specific reactions), concerns of regulators arose regarding toxicity of injected NP and particles delivered off-target (i.e. renegade particles). Renegade particles also significantly reduce the efficiency of the remediation. The delivery of particles off-target is caused, mainly, by unintended fracking, where the fractures act then as preferential flow paths changing the trajectory of the particles. Hence, the real-time monitoring of particle injection is of major importance to verify correct particle delivery and thus help to optimize the remediation strategy. However, to date NP monitoring techniques rely on the analysis of soil and water samples, which cannot provide information about clogging or the formation of fractures away of the sampling points. To overcome these limitations, in this study we investigate the applicability of complex-conductivity imaging (CCI), a geophysical electrical method, to characterize possible pore clogging and fracking during NP injections. We hypothesize that both processes are related to different electrical footprints, considering the loss of porosity during clogging and the accumulation of NP in areas away of the target after fracking. Here, we present CCI results for data collected before and during the injection of Nano-Goethite particles (NGP) applied to enhance biodegradation of a BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) contaminant plume. Imaging results for background data revealed consistency with the known lithology, while overall high electrical conductivity values and a negligible induced-polarization magnitude correspond with the expected response of a mature hydrocarbon plume. Monitoring images revealed a general increase (∼15 per cent) in the electrical conductivity due to the injected NGP suspension in agreement with geochemical data. Furthermore, abrupt changes in this trend, shortly before daylighting events, show the sensitivity of the method to pore clogging. Such interpretation is in line with the larger variations in CCI resolved in the unsaturated zone, clearly indicating the accumulation of renegade NGP close to the surface due to fracking. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the CCI method for the assessment of pore clogging accompanying particles injection.
Immediate Transcriptional Response to a Temperature Pulse under a Fluctuating Thermal Regime
Authors: Melicher Dacotah , Torson Alex S , Anderson Tanner J , Yocum George D , Rinehart Joseph P , Bowsher Julia H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The response of ectotherms to temperature stress is complex, non-linear, and is influenced by life stage and previous thermal exposure. Mortality is higher under constant low temperatures than under a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) that maintains the same low temperature but adds a brief, daily pulse of increased temperature. Long term exposure to FTR has been shown to increase transcription of genes involved in oxidative stress, immune function, and metabolic pathways, which may aid in recovery from chill injury and oxidative damage. Previous research suggests the transcriptional response that protects against sub-lethal damage occurs rapidly under exposure to fluctuating temperatures. However, existing studies have only examined gene expression after a week or over many months. Here we characterize gene expression during a single temperature cycle under FTR. Development of pupating alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata) was interrupted at the red-eye stage and were transferred to 6°C with a 1-h pulse to 20°C and returned to 6°C. RNA was collected before, during, and after the temperature pulse and compared to pupae maintained at a static 6°C. The warm pulse is sufficient to cause expression of transcripts that repair cell membrane damage, modify membrane composition, produce antifreeze proteins, restore ion homeostasis, and respond to oxidative stress. This pattern of expression indicates that even brief exposure to warm temperatures has significant protective effects on insects exposed to stressful cold temperatures that persist beyond the warm pulse. Megachile rotundata’s sensitivity to temperature fluctuations indicates that short exposures to temperature changes affect development and physiology. Genes associated with developmental patterning are expressed after the warm pulse, suggesting that 1 h at 20°C was enough to resume development in the pupae. The greatest difference in gene expression occurred between pupae collected after the warm pulse and at constant low temperatures. Although both were collected at the same time and temperature, the transcriptional response to one FTR cycle included multiple transcripts previously identified under long-term FTR exposure associated with recovery from chill injury, indicating that the effects of FTR occur rapidly and are persistent.
Accelerators and intra-ecosystem variety: how entrepreneurial agency influences venture development in a time-compressed support program
Authors: Qin Fei , Wright Mike , Gao Jian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccelerator programs constitute an important new element in entrepreneurial ecosystems, comprising focused support to advance the development of entrepreneurial ventures. Yet, we lack understanding of the processes through which accelerators contribute to enhancing entrepreneurial activity and especially the role of entrepreneurship agency in this process. By systematically tracking a cohort of ventures in a leading accelerator, our study draws out intra ecosystem heterogeneity and reveals that the accelerator program elements can impose a distinctive direct effect on participating ventures but the effect varies as entrepreneurs adopt different approaches to engage other players in the ecosystem. We find that in order to fit in the temporal structure of the accelerator program, entrepreneurs adopt two different strategies to achieve accelerated venture development—acceleration with focus and acceleration with foresight. The effectiveness of these two acceleration strategies are moderated by the approaches to engaging the accelerator offerings for resource acquisition. By developing a theoretical framework of entrepreneurial acceleration in the accelerator setting, we contribute to the specific literatures on entrepreneurial process and accelerators and more generally to the emerging literature on the functioning of entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Oxytocin Facilitates Self-Serving Rather Than Altruistic Tendencies in Competitive Social Interactions Via Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Xu Xiaolei , Liu Congcong , Zhou Xinqi , Chen Yuanshu , Gao Zhao , Zhou Feng , Kou Juan , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile the neuropeptide oxytocin can facilitate empathy and altruistic behavior, it may also promote self-serving tendencies in some contexts, and it remains unclear if it would increase altruistic or self-interest behaviors when they compete within a social situation.MethodsThe current between-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled fMRI study investigated the effect of intranasal oxytocin on empathy for social exclusion using a modified online ball-tossing game that incorporated monetary rewards and the potential to display both altruistic and self-interest behaviors.ResultsResults showed that when subjects in both oxytocin and placebo groups were observing a player being excluded (victim) by other players in the game, there was activation in the mentalizing network. When subjects then played both with the victim and the players who had excluded them, they threw more balls to the victim player, indicative of an altruistic response. However, subjects in the oxytocin group threw more balls to the excluder players indicative of greater self-interest, since the latter would be perceived as more likely to reciprocate to maximize financial gain. This behavioral effect of oxytocin was associated with greater medial orbitofrontal cortex activation when playing with the excluders and negatively correlated with trait-altruism scores.ConclusionsOverall, our findings suggest that in the context of competing motivations for exhibiting altruistic or self-interest behavior, oxytocin enhanced self-interest and this was associated with greater activation in frontal reward areas.
The inf-sup stability of the lowest order Taylor–Hood pair on affine anisotropic meshes
Authors: Barrenechea Gabriel R , Wachtel Andreas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Uniform inf-sup conditions are of fundamental importance for the finite element solution of problems in incompressible fluid mechanics, such as the Stokes and Navier–Stokes equations. In this work we prove a uniform inf-sup condition for the lowest-order Taylor–Hood pairs $\mathbb{Q}_2\times \mathbb{Q}_1$ and $\mathbb{P}_2\times \mathbb{P}_1$ on a family of affine anisotropic meshes. These meshes may contain refined edge and corner patches. We identify necessary hypotheses for edge patches to allow uniform stability and sufficient conditions for corner patches. For the proof, we generalize Verfürth’s trick and recent results by some of the authors. Numerical evidence confirms the theoretical results.
Periods and Reciprocity I
Authors: Zacharias Raphaël 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Given $\boldsymbol{F}$ a number field with ring of integers ${\mathcal{O}}_{\boldsymbol{F}}$ and ${\mathfrak{p}},{\mathfrak{q}}$ two coprime and squarefree ideals of ${\mathcal{O}}_{\boldsymbol{F}}$, we prove a reciprocity relation for the 1st moment of the triple product $L$-functions $L(\pi \otimes \pi _1\otimes \pi _2,\frac{1}{2})$ twisted by $\lambda _{\pi }({\mathfrak{p}})$, where $\pi _1$ and $\pi _2$ are fixed unitary automorphic representations of $\textrm{PGL}_2({\mathbb{A}}_{\boldsymbol{F}})$ with $\pi _1$ cuspidal and $\pi$ runs through unitary automorphic representations of conductor dividing ${\mathfrak{q}}$. The method uses adelic integral representations of $L$-functions and the symmetric identity is established for a particular period. Finally, the integral period is connected to the moment via Parseval formula.
Dynamic Changes in Ex Vivo T-Cell Function After Viral Clearance in Chronic HCV Infection
Authors: Han Ji Won , Sung Pil Soo , Kim Kyung Hwan , Hong Seon-Hui , Shin Eui-Cheol , Jun Song Myeong , Park Su-Hyung 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents can successfully treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the ex vivo HCV-specific T-cell function following viral clearance remains unknown.

Methods
We investigated functional alterations and phenotypic changes in ex vivo HCV-specific CD8+ T cells with a longitudinal analysis of 41 patients with chronic HCV infection who were undergoing DAA treatment.

Results
A patient subset exhibited a significantly increased T-cell response (mainly CD8+ T cells) at week 4 of treatment. However, this increased T-cell response diminished in later weeks. Relative to pretreatment levels, the ex vivo HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell frequency decreased at 12 weeks after the end of treatment, along with a decreased antigen-experienced CD8+ T-cell population. DAA treatment increased the proliferative capacity of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells, but this change was not correlated with ex vivo function. Patients experiencing viral breakthrough or relapse exhibited defective restoration of T-cell function.

Conclusion
Our present results indicated that DAA-mediated viral clearance only transiently restored ex vivo T-cell function, suggesting a need to enhance T-cell function in DAA-treated patients.