bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GIS-based assessment of recent changes in drainage and morphometry of Betwa River basin and sub-basins, Central India
Authors: Venkatesh Madavi , Anshumali  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Morphometric characterization of the Betwa River basin (BRB) in Central India has been carried out to understand the spatial variations in morphometric parameters and evaluate hydrological, geological and topographical characteristics by analyzing SRTM DEM and topographical maps using geographic information system. Based on catchment characteristics and anthropogenic activities, the Betwa River basin and sub-basins were divided into three regions: (a) upstream, (b) midstream and (c) downstreams regions. The BRB comprised a dendritic drainage pattern where the maximum number of the stream was found in the first order. The mean bifurcation ratio (4.61) showed that the drainage pattern was not affected by structural disturbances. The drainage texture analysis showed the dominance of coarse texture, low runoff, low erosional potential, permeable subsurface material, high vegetation cover and low relief. The circularity ratio (0.13) showed an elongated shape of the basin. The > 74.5% of the study area had < 3° slope indicates gentle terrain condition. These results could be utilized in developing watershed management, agricultural land-use planning, forestry management and planning of sustainable industrial facilities.
A Numerical Approach to Design the Kretschmann Configuration Based Refractive Index Graphene-MoS2 Hybrid Layers With TiO2-SiO2 Nano for Formalin Detection
Authors: Hossain Md. Biplob , Tasnim Tamanna , Abdulrazak Lway F. , Rana Md. Masud , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a Kretschmann configuration based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is numerically designed using graphene-MoS2hybrid structure TiO2-SiO2nano particles for formalin detection. In this design, the observations of SPR angle versus minimum reflectance and SPR frequency (FSPR) versus maximum transmittance (Tmax) are considered. The chitosan is used as probe legend to perform reaction with the formalin (40% formaldehyde) which acts as target legend. In this paper, both graphene and MoS2are used as biomolecular acknowledgment element (BAE) and TiO2as well as SiO2bilayers is used to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The numerical results show that the variation of FSPR and SPR angles for inappropriate sensing of formalin is quite insignificant which confirms the absence of formalin. On the other hand, these variations for appropriate sensing are considerably significant that confirm the presence of formalin. At the end of this article, the variation of sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is measured in corresponding to the increment of a refractive index with a refractive index step 0.01 refractive index unit (RIU). In inclusion of TiO2-SiO2bilayers with graphene-MoS2, a maximum sensitivity of 85.375% is numerically calculated.
Differences in the diet and trophic niche of three sympatric carnivores in a marshland
Authors: Lanszki Zsófia , Horváth Győző F. , Bende Zsolt , Lanszki József 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to conserve wetlands, it is crucial to have reliable knowledge of population and community processes. Our aims were to explore the dietary differences that allow coexistence of carnivores belonging to different trophic guilds, and to detect the presence of the relict Pannonian root vole subspecies (Microtus oeconomus méhelyi) within the Kis-Balaton marshland (Hungary). The 1-year dietary study was based on faecal analysis of the main mammalian predators of the area, i.e. red fox (Vulpes vulpes), martens (Martes spp.) and Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). Small mammals, mainly Microtus species and water vole (Arvicola amphibius), were the primary foods for each carnivore. The dietary pattern of the otter was unique among European studies. Analysis of frequency data and estimated consumed biomass data revealed significant interspecific and intraspecific (seasonal) foraging differences among the three predators. Based on diets and live trapping of small mammals, foxes and martens selected voles, they selected against mice and shrews. The selection of the root vole was confirmed from faecal samples of foxes and martens. Consequently, faecal analysis of common carnivores can be an effective monitoring tool in providing data about prey species under special habitat conditions. Thus, it may contribute to wetland conservation indirectly.
Focus on Chronic Variable Immunodeficiency for Primary Care Practitioners, the Gatekeepers to Optimal Health Outcomes for Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes
Authors: Gerber William A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review sought to assess the extent and causes of suboptimal healthcare outcomes for chronic variable immunodeficiency (CVID).Recent FindingsSignificant improvements in diagnostic technology and treatment protocols over time were found, leading to reduced morbidity and mortality for those accessing therapies. Treatments continue to be largely non-curative with financing (mainly insurance coverage) an obstacle. Symptom recognition by primary care practitioners (PCP) remains a gating factor to treatment and a widespread and persistent barrier to optimal health outcomes.SummaryCVID is a subtype of primary immunodeficiency (PIDD) associated with under-diagnosis. It has emerged as a health issue more prevalent than historically known. No symptom-recognition framework for early detection of CVID has been generally accepted; those proposed for primary immunodeficiencies have shown low sensitivity, low specificity or both. Positive trends in cases diagnosed have been aided by awareness campaigns and international collaborations. However, treatments for CVID will not realize full potential without effective, accepted frameworks for timely identification in the clinic.
The Association of Sedentary Behaviour and Cognitive Function in People Without Dementia: A Coordinated Analysis Across Five Cohort Studies from COSMIC
Authors:   COSMIC Collaborators, Maasakkers Carlijn M. , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. , Gardiner Paul A. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. , Lipnicki Darren M. , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Dardiotis Efthimios , Yannakoulia Mary , Anstey Kaarin J. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Haan Mary N. , Kumagai Shuzo , Narazaki Kenji , Chen Tao , Ng Tze Pin , Gao Qi , Nyunt Ma S. Z. , Crawford John D. , Kochan Nicole A. , Makkar Steve R. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Melis René J. F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Besides physical activity as a target for dementia prevention, sedentary behaviour is hypothesized to be a potential target in its own right. The rising number of persons with dementia and lack of any effective treatment highlight the urgency to better understand these modifiable risk factors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether higher levels of sedentary behaviour are associated with reduced global cognitive functioning and slower cognitive decline in older persons without dementia.

Methods
We used five population cohorts from Greece, Australia, USA, Japan, and Singapore (HELIAD, PATH, SALSA, SGS, and SLAS2) from the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium. In a coordinated analysis, we assessed the relationship between sedentary behaviour and global cognitive function with the use of linear mixed growth model analysis (mean follow-up range of 2.0–8.1 years).

Results
Baseline datasets combined 10,450 older adults without dementia with a mean age range between cohorts of 66.7–75.1 years. After adjusting for multiple covariates, no cross-sectional association between sedentary behaviour and cognition was found in four studies. One association was detected where more sedentary behaviour was cross-sectionally linked to higher cognition levels (SLAS2, B = 0.118 (0.075; 0.160), P < 0.001). Longitudinally, there were no associations between baseline sedentary behaviour and cognitive decline (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Overall, these results do not suggest an association between total sedentary time and lower global cognition in older persons without dementia at baseline or over time. We hypothesize that specific types of sedentary behaviour may differentially influence cognition which should be investigated further. For now, it is, however, too early to establish undifferentiated sedentary time as a potential effective target for minimizing cognitive decline in older adults without dementia.
Stakeholder Dialogue as Agonistic Deliberation: Exploring the Role of Conflict and Self-Interest in Business-NGO Interaction
Authors: Brand Teunis , Blok Vincent , Verweij Marcel 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:Many companies engage in dialogue with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) about societal issues. The question is what a regulative ideal for such dialogues should be. In the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR), the Habermasian notion of communicative action is often presented as a regulative ideal for stakeholder dialogue, implying that actors should aim at consensus and set strategic considerations aside. In this article, we argue that in many cases, communicative action is not a suitable regulative ideal for dialogue between companies and NGOs. We contend that there is often an adversarial element in the relation between companies and NGOs, and that an orientation towards consensus can be in tension with this adversarial relation. We develop an alternative approach to stakeholder dialogue called ‘agonistic deliberation.’ In this approach, conflict and strategic considerations play a legitimate and, up to a certain point, desirable role.
Training methods that improve MD–PhD student self-efficacy for clinical research skills
Authors: Sebastian Mathew , Robinson Matthew A. , Dumeny Leanne , Dyson Kyle A. , Fantone Joseph C. , McCormack Wayne T. , Stratford May W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction:MD-PhD training programs train physician-scientists to pursue careers involving both clinical care and research, but decreasing numbers of physician-scientists stay engaged in clinical research. We sought to identify current clinical research training methods utilized by MD–PhD programs and to assess how effective they are in promoting self-efficacy for clinical research.Methods:The US MD–PhD students were surveyed in April–May 2018. Students identified the clinical research training methods they participated in, and self-efficacy in clinical research was determined using a modified 12-item Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory.Results:Responses were received from 61 of 108 MD–PhD institutions. Responses were obtained from 647 MD–PhD students in all years of training. The primary methods of clinical research training included no clinical research training, and various combinations of didactics, mentored clinical research, and a clinical research practicum. Students with didactics plus mentored clinical research had similar self-efficacy as those with didactics plus clinical research practicum. Training activities that differentiated students who did and did not have the clinical research practicum experience and were associated with higher self-efficacy included exposure to Institutional Review Boards and participation in human subject recruitment.Conclusions:A clinical research practicum was found to be an effective option for MD–PhD students conducting basic science research to gain experience in clinical research skills. Clinical research self-efficacy was correlated with the amount of clinical research training and specific clinical research tasks, which may inform curriculum development for a variety of clinical and translational research training programs, for example, MD–PhD, TL1, and KL2.
First record of the Paleozoic land snail family Anthracopupidae in the Lower Jurassic of China and the origin of Stylommatophora
Authors: Jochum Adrienne , Yu Tingting , Neubauer Thomas A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComputed tomographic (CT) imaging allows new accessibility to shells of gastropod fossil taxa and their extant relatives, providing new data for interpreting former systematic assignments. The highly questionable ellobiid assignment of the nonmarine gastropod genusProtocarychiumPan, 1982 from the Lower Jurassic of Hunan, China, is reevaluated using CT imaging to assess internal aspects of the shell. By comparing these new data to those of stylommatophoran, ellobiid, and caenogastropod clades in the literature, this work reveals thatProtocarychiumbears no affinity to the Carychiidae, which are otherwise known only from the Cenozoic, but rather to the Paleozoic land snail family Anthracopupidae Wenz, 1938. This finding constitutes the first Asian appearance of anthracopupid snails beyond their known North American and European range. Contrary to the current opinion, we suggest the Anthracopupidae to be a basal stylommatophoran clade, which places the origin of Stylommatophora at least in the late Carboniferous.
Species of the Devonian aulacopleurid trilobiteCyphaspidesfrom southeastern Morocco
Authors: Chatterton Brian D.E. , Gibb Stacey , McKellar Ryan C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree new species ofCyphaspidesare proposed:C. ammari, C. nicoleae, andC. pankowskiorum. These species are based on specimens obtained from Middle Devonian (Eifelian) strata of the Bou Tchrafine Group, near Erfoud, in the Province of Errachidia, southeastern Morocco. The present contribution enhances our knowledge ofCyphaspidesby providing details of three new species that are based on well-preserved, complete, and articulated types. The genusCyphaspidesis discussed, and an emended diagnosis is provided. The paleobiogeography, ontogeny, and relationships of the genus are discussed.UUID:http://zoobank.org/4a7aab8f-8c8e-4498-9cc2-6f8c69b85213
Cognitive restructuring in the bilingual mind: motion event construal in early Cantonese–English bilinguals
Authors: WANG YI , WEI LI 
Published: September 2019

abstractLanguages differ typologically in motion event encoding (Talmy, 2000). Furthermore, the cross-linguistic variations in lexicalization modulate cognition in a dynamic and task-dependent manner (Slobin, 1996a). This study aims to investigate whether early Cantonese–English bilinguals behave differently from monolinguals in each language when lexicalizing and categorizing voluntary motion in different language contexts. Specifically, monolinguals were instructed and narrated in their native languages. We assigned bilinguals to a monolingual and a bilingual context by manipulating immediate language use in their oral descriptions. Results from monolinguals suggested an effect of language on event conceptualization. However, results from bilinguals showed that their performances patterned with English monolinguals in both event lexicalization and conceptualization regardless of the language context. These findings indicate that early exposure to a second language has motivated speakers to converge to a single lexicalization pattern compatible for both languages. And the degree of convergence is modulated by the amount of language contact with each language. The study demonstrates that participants draw on their linguistic knowledge during the non-verbal task and provides evidence for L2-biased cognitive restructuring within the framework of thinking-for-speaking.
Government Partisanship, Unionization and the Structure of Investment Liberalization
Authors: Chen Jia , Park Seungbin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGovernments in advanced industrial democracies generally regulate foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows with two types of policy measures: entry barriers and post-establishment restrictions. This article provides an integrated account for the two types of FDI restrictions, which is largely absent in the existing literature. We argue that the government's choice of FDI policies is shaped by a compound effect of the incumbent's ideological orientation and the political influence of unionized labour. Although inward FDI broadly benefits domestic workers, the entrance of multinational corporations (MNCs) adversely impacts the unionized interests of labour by transforming the labour market in ways detrimental to unions’ wage-bargaining leverage. Leftist governments, driven by the preferences of their labour constituency, tend to lift entry barriers to FDI in order to promote capital inflows. At the same time, leftist governments may also need to address unions’ concerns about inbound MNCs by tightening post-establishment restrictions on FDI, which impose constraints on the globalized business and operational model of MNCs. We argue that leftist incumbents generally liberalize entry barriers but tighten post-establishment restrictions when the level of labour unionization is high. We found evidence consistent with our argument from country-level and sector-level analysis of FDI restrictions, using a sample from the early 2000s to the mid-2010s of Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
Availability of existing early-season rice cultivars as resources for selecting high-yielding short-duration cultivars of machine-transplanted late-season rice
Authors: Chen Jiana , Huang Min , Cao Fangbo , Yin Xiaohong , Zou Yingbin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh-yielding short-duration cultivars are required due to the development of mechanized large-scale double-season rice (i.e. early- and late-season rice) production in China. The objective of this study was to identify whether existing early-season rice cultivars can be used as resources to select high-yielding, short-duration (less than 115 days) cultivars of machine-transplanted late-season rice. Field experiments were conducted in Yongan, Hunan Province, China in the early and late rice-growing seasons in 2015 and 2016. Eight early-season rice cultivars (Liangyou 6, Lingliangyou 211, Lingliangyou 268, Xiangzaoxian 32, Xiangzaoxian 42, Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongzao 39, and Zhuliangyou 819) with growth durations of less than 115 days were used in 2015, and four cultivars (Lingliangyou 268, Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongzao 39, and Zhuliangyou 819) with good yield performance in the late season in 2015 were grown in 2016. All cultivars had a growth duration of less than 110 days when grown in the late season in both years. Zhongjiazao 17 produced the maximum grain yield of 9.61 Mg ha−1 with a daily grain yield of 108 kg ha−1 d−1 in the late season in 2015. Averaged across both years, Lingliangyou 268 had the highest grain yield of 8.57 Mg ha−1 with a daily grain yield of 95 kg ha−1 d−1 in the late season. The good yield performance of the early-season rice cultivars grown in the late season was mainly attributable to higher apparent radiation use efficiency. Growth duration and grain yield of early-season rice cultivars grown in the late season were not significantly related to those grown in the early season. Our study suggests that it is feasible to select high-yielding short-duration cultivars from existing early-season rice cultivars for machine-transplanted late-season rice production. Special tests by growing alternative early-season rice cultivars in the late season should be done to determine their growth duration and grain yield for such selection.
Treatment response after 6 and 26 weeks is related to baseline glutamate and GABA levels in antipsychotic-naïve patients with psychosis
Authors: Bojesen Kirsten B. , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Jessen Kasper , Sigvard Anne , Tangmose Karen , Edden Richard A.E. , Larsson Henrik B.W. , Rostrup Egill , Broberg Brian V. , Glenthøj Birte Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoor response to dopaminergic antipsychotics constitutes a major challenge in the treatment of psychotic disorders and markers for non-response during first-episode are warranted. Previous studies have found increased levels of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in non-responding first-episode patients compared to responders, but it is unknown if non-responders can be identified using reference levels from healthy controls (HCs).MethodsThirty-nine antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis and 36 matched HCs underwent repeated assessments with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glutamate scaled to total creatine (/Cr) was measured in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left thalamus, and levels of GABA/Cr were measured in ACC. After 6 weeks, we re-examined 32 patients on aripiprazole monotherapy and 35 HCs, and after 26 weeks we re-examined 30 patients on naturalistic antipsychotic treatment and 32 HCs. The Andreasen criteria defined non-response.ResultsBefore treatment, thalamic glutamate/Cr was higher in the whole group of patients but levels normalized after treatment. ACC levels of glutamate/Cr and GABA/Cr were lower at all assessments and unaffected by treatment. When compared with HCs, non-responders at week 6 (19 patients) and week 26 (16 patients) had higher baseline glutamate/Cr in the thalamus. Moreover, non-responders at 26 weeks had lower baseline GABA/Cr in ACC. Baseline levels in responders and HCs did not differ.ConclusionGlutamatergic and GABAergic abnormalities in antipsychotic-naïve patients appear driven by non-responders to antipsychotic treatment. If replicated, normative reference levels for glutamate and GABA may aid estimation of clinical prognosis in first-episode psychosis patients.
Depressive psychopathology in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Herniman Sarah E. , Allott Kelly , Phillips Lisa J. , Wood Stephen J. , Uren Jacqueline , Mallawaarachchi Sumudu R. , Cotton Sue M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite knowing for many decades that depressive psychopathology is common in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FES), there is limited knowledge regarding the extent and nature of such psychopathology (degree of comorbidity, caseness, severity) and its demographic, clinical, functional and treatment correlates. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of depressive disorder and caseness, and the pooled mean severity of depressive symptoms, as well as the demographic, illness, functional and treatment correlates of depressive psychopathology in FES.MethodsThis systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression was prospectively registered (CRD42018084856) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines.ResultsForty studies comprising 4041 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of depressive disorder and caseness was 26.0% (seven samples,N= 855, 95% CI 22.1–30.3) and 43.9% (11 samples,N= 1312, 95% CI 30.3–58.4), respectively. The pooled mean percentage of maximum depressive symptom severity was 25.1 (38 samples,N= 3180, 95% CI 21.49–28.68). Correlates of depressive psychopathology were also found.ConclusionsAt least one-quarter of individuals with FES will experience, and therefore require treatment for, a full-threshold depressive disorder. Nearly half will experience levels of depressive symptoms that are severe enough to warrant diagnostic investigation and therefore clinical intervention – regardless of whether they actually fulfil diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder. Depressive psychopathology is prominent in FES, manifesting not only as superimposed comorbidity, but also as an inextricable symptom domain.