bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper Airway Stimulation in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and an Elevated Body Mass Index: A Multi‐institutional Review
Authors: Huntley Colin , Steffen Armin , Doghramji Karl , Hofauer Benedikt , Heiser Clemens , Boon Maurits 
Published: August 2018

Objectives/HypothesisAn elevated body mass index (BMI) influences the severity of disease and treatment options utilized for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). With this study, we aim to evaluate a cohort of patients undergoing upper airway stimulation (UAS) for treatment of OSA and assess the impact of BMI on surgical and quality of life outcomes.MethodsWe designed a case‐control, retrospective review, of all patients undergoing UAS at two academic institutions between 2014 and 2017. We compare those with an elevated BMI to those without. We included patients with moderate–severe OSA, who were unable to tolerate therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), were treated with UAS, and had a postoperative sleep study performed. We evaluated postoperative sleep study data including apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), O2 desaturation nadir, rate of cure, and rate of success in those with an elevated BMI to those without an elevated BMI. Success was defined as a drop in the postoperative AHI by 50% compared to the preoperative value and to less than 20. We also assessed daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.ResultsWhen defining an elevated BMI as greater than 32, we found no difference between elevated and nonelevated BMI cohorts in postoperative AHI, O2 desaturation nadir, daytime sleepiness, rate of surgical success, or rate of cure.ConclusionsPatients with obstructive sleep apnea, unable to tolerate CPAP, and with an elevated BMI can be successfully treated with upper airway stimulation therapy.Level of Evidence3. Laryngoscope, 128:2425–2428, 2018
First Successful Mechanical Splint for Obstructive Sleep Apnea With an Orally Administrable Pharyngeal Stenting Device
Authors: Neu Daniel , Nawara Grégory , Newell Johan , Bouchez David , Mairesse Olivier 
Published: August 2018

We report the case of obstructive sleep apnea in a 19‐year‐old, otherwise healthy male presenting with persistent daytime sleepiness and nonrestorative sleep after velo‐ and uvuloplasty. An individually tailored prototype of an orally inserted pharyngeal stenting device was proposed in the framework of a first clinical feasibility trial. The noninvasive, easily self‐administered device is mounted on a simple inferior dental guard. Baseline total apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was 15.5 and 24.4 per hour of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. With the device, total AHI dropped to 6.7 per hour (56.8% reduction) and 1.4 per hour of REM (94.3% reduction). Recorded sleep efficiency during treatment was excellent at 96.5%.Laryngoscope, 129:1945–1948, 2019
Trigger Reduction Prior to Systemic Drugs for Neurogenic Chronic Cough
Authors: Zalvan Craig , Berzofsky Craig , Tiwari Raj , Geliebter Jan 
Published: August 2018

Objective/HypothesisNeurogenic chronic cough typically presents as a postviral chronic cough, often with paroxysms of coughing preceded by a tickle sensation with multiple triggers and often recalcitrant to multiple treatments for reflux disease, sinus disease, and asthma. Current treatment uses neuromodulating agents with moderate success. Post nasal drainage and laryngopharyngeal reflux can be triggers in the setting of laryngopharyngeal hypersensitivity. Treatment will focus on trigger reduction using nasal toilet and a dietary regimen for laryngopharyngeal reflux.Study DesignSystematic review of retrospective cohort studiesMethodsOne‐year retrospective review of new patients with cough (R05.0) excluding asthma, proton pump inhibitor response, and sinus or pulmonary disease. Cough severity index (CSI) and reflux symptom index (RSI) were evaluated initially and 6 weeks after trigger‐reduction treatment using nasal saline irrigation, nasal steroids, nasal antihistamines, and a plant‐based diet with alkaline water.ResultsOf 119 patients, 29 met the criteria. Using the six‐point reduction (improvement) in RSI as an accepted response, 20 of 29 patients (68.9%, P = .0014) experienced a clinical response. Using reduction in RSI and CSI as a continuous variable to assess response, patients experienced a 10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.75‐13.2) and 10.9 (95% CI: 7.4‐14.3) mean point reduction, respectively. The mean percent reduction in RSI following 6 weeks of treatment was 54.7% (95% CI: 41.5‐68.0; P = .0001). These patients experienced a 59.8% (95% CI: 43.4‐76.2; P = .0001) reduction in CSI.ConclusionsA trigger‐reduction approach using nasal toilet and a plant‐based diet in patients with neurogenic chronic cough prior to the initiation of systemic neuromodulating medications should be considered.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:198–202, 2019
Long‐term afforestation significantly improves the fertility of abandoned farmland along a soil clay gradient on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wei Liyun , Wei Xiaorong , Liu Xuetong , Shao Mingan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn China, almost half of the total land area is degraded, mainly due to the unreasonable use of land for agricultural production. During the past half‐century, afforestation has become a popular management option to remedy degraded soils. In this paper, we studied the long‐term effects of afforestation on the major properties of soils with different textures. We measured the changes in soil physical, chemical, and fertility properties after 10, 20, and 30 years of afforestation with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) on abandoned farmland at five sites on the Loess Plateau, China, which is characterized by a temperate monsoon climate. The soil clay contents varied significantly among sites. The objectives were to understand how long‐term afforestation affects soil properties and whether such effects depend on the soil texture. Averaged across the five sites and the depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm, afforestation resulted in significant increases in the proportion of macroaggregates (+22.5%), saturated hydraulic conductivity (+185.4%), organic matter content (+110.5%), and total nitrogen content (+110.5%) but significant decreases in the proportion of microaggregates (−21.9%) and bulk density (−10.8%). The silt + clay fraction, soil pH, and nitrate content were minimally affected by afforestation. The effects of afforestation were greater at 0–10 cm than at 10–20 cm, but they varied between sites. Furthermore, most soil metrics linearly responded to the time of afforestation, and such responses were dependent on the soil clay content. Our results suggest that long‐term afforestation improves soil fertility better in soils with a clay content of approximately 20%.
Low‐fat versus ketogenic diet in Parkinson's disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Phillips Matthew C.L. , Murtagh Deborah K.J. , Gilbertson Linda J. , Asztely Fredrik J.S. , Lynch Christopher D.P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground: Preliminary evidence suggests that diet manipulation may influence motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD, but conflict exists regarding the ideal fat to carbohydrate ratio.Objectives: We designed a pilot randomized, controlled trial to compare the plausibility, safety, and efficacy of a low‐fat, high‐carbohydrate diet versus a ketogenic diet in a hospital clinic of PD patients.Methods: We developed a protocol to support PD patients in a diet study and randomly assigned patients to a low‐fat or ketogenic diet. Primary outcomes were within‐ and between‐group changes in MDS‐UPDRS Parts 1 to 4 over 8 weeks.Results: We randomized 47 patients, of which 44 commenced the diets and 38 completed the study (86% completion rate for patients commencing the diets). The ketogenic diet group maintained physiological ketosis. Both groups significantly decreased their MDS‐UPDRS scores, but the ketogenic group decreased more in Part 1 (−4.58 ± 2.17 points, representing a 41% improvement in baseline Part 1 scores) compared to the low‐fat group (−0.99 ± 3.63 points, representing an 11% improvement) (P < 0.001), with the largest between‐group decreases observed for urinary problems, pain and other sensations, fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and cognitive impairment. There were no between‐group differences in the magnitude of decrease for Parts 2 to 4. The most common adverse effects were excessive hunger in the low‐fat group and intermittent exacerbation of the PD tremor and/or rigidity in the ketogenic group.Conclusions: It is plausible and safe for PD patients to maintain a low‐fat or ketogenic diet for 8 weeks. Both diet groups significantly improved in motor and nonmotor symptoms; however, the ketogenic group showed greater improvements in nonmotor symptoms. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Metabotypes Related to Meat and Vegetable Intake Reflect Microbial, Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism in Healthy People
Authors: Wei Runmin , Ross Alastair B. , Su MingMing , Wang Jingye , Guiraud Seu‐Ping , Draper Colleen Fogarty , Beaumont Maurice , Jia Wei , Martin Francois‐Pierre 
Published: August 2018

ScopeThe objective of this study is to develop a new methodology to identify the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolites indicative of food intake and metabolism.Methods and resultsPlasma and urine samples from healthy Swiss subjects (n= 89) collected over two time points are analyzed for a panel of host–microbial metabolites using GC– and LC–MS. Dietary intake is evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary pattern clusters and relationships with metabolites are determined using Non‐Negative Matrix Factorization (NNMF) and Sparse Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (SGCCA). Use of NNMF allows detection of latent diet clusters in this population, which describes a high intake of meat or vegetables. SGCCA associates these clusters to i) diet‐host microbial and lipid associated bile acid metabolism, and ii) essential amino acid metabolism.ConclusionThis novel application of NNMF and SGCCA allows detection of distinct metabotypes for meat and vegetable dietary patterns in a heterogeneous population. As many of the metabolites associated with meat or vegetable intake are the result of host–microbiota interactions, the findings support a role for microbiota mediating the metabolic imprinting of different dietary choices.
New technique for designing wideband one layer frequency selective surface in X‐band with stable angular response
Authors: Rahzaani Mahdiye , Dadashzadeh Gholamreza , Khorshidi Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, a new method is presented for designing frequency wideband unit cell to use in frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). A double slot square loop (DSSL), which has 2 resonant frequencies, is selected as a primary FSS unit cell and its frequency bandwidth is increased with the proposed method. The effect of the applied innovation on frequency response of DSSL unit cell is investigated by equivalent circuit presented in this paper. Simulated frequency response of the designed unit cell shows that frequency bandwidth of this unit cell increases in comparison with that of primary unit cell. A FSS structure with the designed unit cell is fabricated and its measured return loss confirms that, the frequency bandwidth of the proposed structure is about 50% in X‐band. In addition, frequency response of this FSS structure is stable during 45 degree angle deviation of the incident wave from normal axis of the FSS surface. High frequency bandwidth, low fabrication complexity and stable angular response are the favorable characteristics of the proposed FSS structure which make it suitable for using in microwave filters.
Design of a narrow band and wideband absorbers using resistive FSS concept for the X and Ku band application
Authors: Silva M. W. B. , Araujo H. X. , Campos A. L. P. S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work thin narrow band and wideband electromagnetic absorbers based on the resonant behavior of a high‐impedance surface (HIS) are proposed. The absorbing structures consist of a resistive frequency selective surface over a grounded dielectric substrate. In this configuration, the HIS input impedance is equal to the parallel connection between the capacitive impedance of the FSS and the inductive impedance of the grounded dielectric. Simulated results are compared to experimental ones to validate the proposed methodology.
Compact low‐profile body worn and wrist worn lightweight antenna for ISM and GPS band navigation and medical applications
Authors: Das Saumya , Islam Hashinur , Bose Tanushree 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the performance of a compact dual band flexible antenna for wrist wearable applications of ISM and GPS frequencies. A semi rigid, lightweight material “Arlon foam clad 100” is chosen as a substrate for designing this wearable antenna. Analysis results from past journal papers are taken in verifying permittivity of the substrate material. Simulation tool is used to measure significant antenna parameters under three different cases named as flat wearable, cylindrical wearable, and wrist wearable for accepting the proposed conformal radiator in the application of navigation, animal tracking, health monitoring, and so on. Moreover, a prototype of this wearable antenna is developed and tested under all three above mentioned cases to confirm the simulated results.
Reflection and transmission of microwaves in reinforced concrete specimens irradiated by modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna
Authors: Esmati Zahra , Moosazadeh Mahdi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, the reflection and transmission properties of reinforced concrete specimens irradiated by a modified, high‐gain, ultra‐wideband antipodal Vivaldi antenna (MAVA) are investigated numerically and experimentally. First, the influence of the interfaces between free space and concrete and a reinforced bar (rebar) cell embedded in concrete on the reflection property is investigated at frequency range from 0.65 to 3.5 GHz. Second, the transmission property of the reinforced concrete specimens is investigated at 2.45 GHz using a small resonant microstrip patch antenna embedded in concrete at the location of a rebar cell with different values of cell parameter. It is shown that the reflection from the free space–concrete interface of specimens with and without rebars provides the most critical effect on the reflection and transmission properties of the specimens. It is also shown that maximum transmission can be achieved when the patch antenna is located in the center of the rebar cell. The measured results are in good agreement with the numerical results. The results of this article can be used for nondestructive testing of reinforced concrete specimens and for wireless power transmission to sensors embedded in reinforced concrete.
Controlled high‐gain of an UWB antenna using cross dipole RFSS based on PIN diode
Authors: Lucena Francisco Ariaildo C. S. , de Oliveira M. R. T. , Filho Pedro H. B. Cavalcanti , Silva Crislane P. N. , Araujo Jorge A. I. , de Melo M. T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work presents an ultra‐wideband antenna with controlled gain. The gain control of antenna is achieved by employing a Reconfigurable Frequency Selective Surface (RFSS) as superstrate which is formed by 4 × 4 array of cross dipole. The filtering characteristics of the FSS are variable and depend on the PIN diodes state. The RFSS behaves as an array of cross dipole elements with stop‐band response when all diodes are in the OFF‐state and as an array of square slots with pass‐band response when the diodes are in the ON‐state. The gain improvement depends on the PIN diodes biasing. Simulation and measurements of return loss and antenna gain are presented, demonstrating changes and improvement in the antenna gain.
Nanobeam extraction with periodic optical grating staircase structure
Authors: Sorathiya Vishal , Patel Shobhit Kumar , Kosta Yogeshwar , Dhamecha Hardik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe propose the unique design of nanobeam focusing on multiple grating with two‐dimensional silicon waveguide staircase structures. Beam focusing is also employed with two‐dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain simulations. Nanobeam extraction is achieved on 15 µm × 35 µm wafer size. Single mode fiber of 9 µm size is focused to the 50 nm optical beam. It is also observed that 50 nm focusing can be achieved irrespective of different grating periodicity. The device operates with Transverse Electric polarization mode. The proposed focusing structure works on 1550 nm wavelength. Simulation results of the propose design shows the good focusing efficiency at the waveguide end for nanophotonics structure. Reported results show the mathematical and simulation similarities for multiple designs. This focusing structure is highly compatible with next‐generation photonics circuits because of its linear focusing on nanowaveguide.
An electrical equivalent circuit to simulate the output power of an AlGaAs/GaAs planar gunn diode oscillator
Authors: Maricar Mohamed Ismaeel , Khalid Ata , Dunn Geoff , Greedy Steve , Thomas Dave , Cumming David R. S. , Oxley Chris H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe planar Gunn diode offers the potential of microwave, milli‐metric and THz‐based oscillators, which can be fabricated as part of a microwave monolithic integrated circuit (mmic). The paper develops an electrical representation of an aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) based planar Gunn diode with an active channel length of approximately 4 μm and width of 120 μm, embedded in an oscillator circuit. The work indicates a maximum simulated RF output power of +5 dBm compared with published experimental results of −19 dBm for similar diodes.
Advanced monopole antenna with a wide beamwidth for the assessment of outdoor 5G wireless communication environments
Authors: Nam In‐Joong , Lee Seok‐Min , Kim Dongho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe propose an advanced monopole antenna to investigate non‐stationary outdoor wireless channel environments of 5G mobile communications. Our antenna has an omni‐directional beam pattern in the azimuth plane and a wide half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) in the elevation plane, respectively. To minimize blind angles along the axis of the monopole, we intentionally add a metallic annular ring around the monopole, which operates as a secondary source of our antenna. Then, the circumferential field from the secondary source appropriately interferes with the primary field from the monopole to widen the HPBW with a relatively high antenna gain in a far‐field region. An input signal is applied to a standard WR‐28 waveguide, and it is transferred to the monopole antenna through a coaxial waveguide. However, because impedance looking into the monopole and the waveguides are all different, we insert a mode converter between the rectangular and the coaxial waveguides. For better impedance matching, the coaxial waveguide is also used as an impedance transformer between the mode converter and the monopole antenna. Consequently, we can obtain the required omni‐directional radiation pattern with a wide HPBW and a high gain. All measurement data show good agreement with simulations, which proves the validity of our approach.
Integrated triple‐wideband triple‐inverted‐F antenna covering 617–960/1710–2690/3300–4200 MHz for 4G/5G communications in the smartphone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Chang Hsuan‐Jui , Li Wei‐Yu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn integrated triple‐inverted‐F antenna (TIFA) with 3 radiating strips and 2 hybrid (inductive and capacitive) shorting strips having a compact structure to provide a triple‐wideband operation in the smartphone for the fourth‐generation/fifth‐generation (4G/5G) communications is presented. The integrated TIFA can cover the 4G long‐term evolution low band (LTE LB) in 617–960 MHz, the 4G LTE middle/high bands (LTE M/HB) in 1710–2690 MHz, and the 5G bands in 3300–4200 MHz. The 3 widebands can be respectively controlled by 3 inverted‐F antenna structures (IFA1, IFA2, IFA3) integrated in the proposed TIFA, making it easy to implement for practical applications. It is also shown that by disposing 2 TIFAs at the top and bottom short edges of the smartphone, acceptable isolation there between in the LTE LB, LTE M/HB, and 5G bands is obtained, leading to good multi‐input multi‐output performance for the 4G/5G applications. The antenna structure and operating principle of the proposed TIFA are elaborated. Experimental results of the 2 fabricated TIFAs at the top and bottom short edges are presented and discussed.
Design of a broadband microwave absorber from wideband receiving antenna array
Authors: Chang Yumei , Che Wenquan , Chow Yung L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn some extent, microwave absorbers and receiving antennas have some similarities, for both of them aim at receiving the ambient electromagnetic wave around. The essential difference between them is that the receiving antenna must transmit the EM wave to the loading system, but the microwave absorber just need to dissipate them. In this work, we studied a novel broadband microwave absorber, which is achieved from a wideband folded‐dipole antenna array backed through a quarter‐wavelength spacer by a metal ground. By studying the impedance locus of the folded dipole array on Smith chart, the authors first obtained a wideband folded‐dipole array antenna, and then changed it to an absorber by replacing the excitations with lump resistors. Both simulation and measurement results show that the folded‐dipole array‐based microwave absorber can achieve a wide bandwidth of 100% at the normal incident waves as in mode of antenna array, while the center frequency is at 5.5 GHz. Meanwhile, the −10 dB bandwidth of the absorber can still be over 90% at an oblique incident waves of 30°.
W band single diode fundamental mixer with high intermediate frequency
Authors: Guo Jian , Qian Cheng , Xu Jie , Chen Zhenhua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe design approach of a W‐band single diode fundamental mixer is presented here. This mixer features planar structure easy for integrating and high intermediate frequency (IF). The mixer consists of a diplexer formed by a hammer‐head lowpass filter and a coupled line with open stubs, a broadband bandpass filter (BPF) using short stubs, a series diode, and the matching networks. This mixer covers IF signal up to 18 GHz by optimizing the frequency response of the diplexer, the radio frequency (RF) BPF, and the matching networks. Two open stubs are attached to both ends of the RF BPF, in order to add a transmission zero at local oscillator (LO) frequency. By this way, the required out‐of‐band rejection is fulfilled with lower order BPF, thus reducing the in‐band insertion loss. In addition, the coupled line with open stubs has low insertion loss at LO frequency, while having a transmission zero at RF frequency. All of the techniques above lead to a low loss high IF mixer. The measured conversion loss is 6.7–10 dB with 8–19 GHz IF and 82 GHz LO.
Beam steering antenna with reconfigurable parasitic elements for FPV drone applications
Authors: Kim Sungpeel , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA beam steering antenna for first person view (FPV) drone communication applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a driven monopole antenna at the center of an equilateral triangle structure with reconfigurable parasitic elements. All parasitic elements are composed of a metallic strip with a PIN diode loaded in the middle of each strip. Depending on the on/off state of each diode, the parasitic element can act as an opaque or transparent surface to a vertically polarized incident wave. Therefore, beam steering properties of the proposed antenna can be achieved by changing the states of the PIN diodes. The measured results were in good agreement with the simulated results and demonstrated that the proposed antenna could be used for 5.8 GHz ISM band FPV applications.