bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies on a metal hydride–based single bed sorption cryocooler
Authors: Jaikumar Sagari , Satyameher Raghavarapu , Bhatti Sukhvinder Kaur , Srinivas Vadapalli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present work deals with the development of a MmNi4.5Al0.5‐based single bed sorption precooled Linde‐Hampson cryocooler. The working substance and the precooling refrigerant used in this investigation were hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, respectively. The gaseous hydrogen could be compressed merely in the metal hydride reactor in comparative ease and thus an MmNi4.5Al0.5‐based metal hydride reactor was used to develop a single bed sorption compressor. The hydrogen is allowed to compress at two different supply pressures of 5 and 10 bar at a constant absorption temperature of 20°C. Desorption temperatures were varied at 65°C, 75°C, and 80°C. Maximum discharge pressures were obtained at a desorption temperature of 80°C as 21 and 27 bar, respectively. The entire cryocooler was designed, fabricated, and tested on the sorption cryocooler. Furthermore, compressed high‐pressure gaseous hydrogen was allowed to flow in the cryocooler at a flow rate of 40 standard cubic centimeter per minute. The minimum temperatures obtained in the evaporator at discharge pressures of 21 and 27 bar were 111 K and 107 K, respectively.
The role of maternal emotional states during pregnancy and early infancy on infant cortisol levels: A prospective study
Authors: Hernández‐Martínez Carmen , Voltas Moreso Nuria , Arija Val Victoria , Jardí Piñana Cristina , Bedmar Carretero Cristina , Canals Josefa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCortisol plays an important role in human body functioning, stress response, and reactivity, and altered cortisol levels have been related to psychopathology throughout life. This study investigates several types of clinical and psychosocial prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors related to morning cortisol levels in 71 12‐month‐old infants. Several sociodemographic, obstetrical, environmental, and psychological predictors were taken into account. Regression models show that prenatal anxiety, type of birth, depressive symptoms at 6 months, and the mothers' feelings about the relationship with their child explain 32.9% of the variance in morning cortisol levels in 12‐month old infants. When sociodemographic, obstetrical, environmental, and psychological variables are taken into account, maternal emotional status and feelings about the mother–infant bonding are the most important factors that explain infant cortisol levels, which suggests that they should be included in obstetric and paediatric care routines to improve infant health.Highlights

Cortisol has an important effect on human homeostasis, growth, neurodevelopment, stress response and reactivity; however, altered cortisol levels have been related to psychopathology throughout life. This study aims to investigate, prospectively from pregnancy, several types of clinical and psychosocial prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors related to infant morning cortisol levels at 12 months.
When several kind of factors are taken into account (prenatal life events, prenatal and postnatal nicotine exposure, gender, gestational age at birth, infant birth weight, parity, socioeconomic status, maternal psychopathology, breastfeeding status and anthropometry), prenatal anxiety, type of birth, postnatal depression and mothers' feelings about the relationship with their infant are the are the variables that better predict infant morning cortisol levels.
Maternal emotional characteristics are the central axis for influencing the development of HPA axis.
Healthcare professionals may pay more attention to the mother feelings and emotions along prenatal and postnatal infant development to promote infant mental health.
One‐pot facile synthesis of silk sericin‐capped gold nanoparticles by UVC radiation: Investigation of stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity
Authors: Akturk Omer , Gun Gok Zehra , Erdemli Ozge , Yigitoglu Mustafa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, an easy one‐pot synthesis method for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), involving only gold salt and sericin extracted from silkworm cocoon in the presence of ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation, was developed. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed by characteristic surface plasmon resonance peaks at 520–540 nm wavelengths, and the influence of silk sericin on enhancing the colloidal stability of AuNPs was confirmed. Transmission electron microscopy examination showed the average size (<10 nm) and size distribution decreased significantly with higher sericin concentration. No antibacterial activity was observed on Gram‐positive Bacillus subtilis or Gram‐negative Escherichia coli for sole AuNPs (0.065–0.26 mg/ml), but the conjugation of AuNPs with streptomycin antibiotic decreased significantly the required minimum inhibitory concentration doses, as also confirmed with agar plating, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy analyses. Furthermore, sericin‐capped AuNPs showed high cell viabilities (>100%) and no sign of any detectable apoptosis or necrosis in 1‐day incubation. Also, high real‐time cell proliferation results of AuNPs competitive with positive control groups implied excellent in vitro biocompatibility. These results evidenced that sericin enhanced the colloidal stability of AuNPs and the biological activities of sericin‐capped AuNPs reported here could render them suitable nanoscale vehicles for biomedical applications.
Iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes of tetradentate thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, structure, cytotoxicity, and lipophilicity
Authors: Süleymanoğlu Mediha , Kaya Büşra , Erdem‐Kuruca Serap , Ülküseven Bahri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEighteen of the iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazidato ligands were synthesized and described, by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Two complexes as an example to the iron and nickel centered ones were crystallographically analyzed to confirm the molecular structures. Cytotoxic effects of the complexes on K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. For comparison, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used as a noncancerous cell line. While four of the iron(III) complexes exhibited the antileukemic effect with 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50) values in the 3.4 to 6.9 μg/mL range on K562 cell line, the nickel(II) complexes showed no significant effect on both cell lines. The complexes Fe4, Fe5, and Fe6, bearing 4‐methoxy substituent exhibited relatively high antiproliferative activity on both cell lines. Complex Fe3 with 3‐methoxy and S‐allyl groups exhibited a selectivity between K562 and HUVEC cells by IC50 values of 6.9 and >10 μg/mL, respectively. Lipophilicity, a key parameter for bioavailability and oral administration, was found in the range of −0.3 and +1.3 that desired for drug active ingredients. The results were discussed in the context of a structure‐activity relationship.
Genomic analysis reveals association of specific SNPs with athletic performance and susceptibility to injuries in professional soccer players
Authors: La Montagna Raffaele , Canonico Raffaele , Alfano Luigi , Bucci Enrico , Boffo Silvia , Staiano Leopoldo , Fulco Beniamino , D'Andrea Enrico , De Nicola Antonio , Maiorano Patrizia , D'Angelo Costantino , Chirico Andrea , De Nicola Alfonso , Giordano Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of specific and individualized training programs is a possible way to improve athletic performance and minimize injuries in professional athletes. The information regarding the sport's physical demands and the athletes’ physical profile have been, so far, considered as exhaustive for the design of effective training programs. However, it is currently emerging that the genetic profile has to be also taken into consideration. By merging medical and genetic data, it is thus possible to identify the athlete's specific attitude to respond to training, diet, and physical stress. In this context, we performed a study in which 30 professional soccer players, subjected to standard sport medical evaluation and practices, were also screened for genetic polymorphism in five key genes (ACTN3, COL5A1, MCT1, VEGF, and HFE). This genetic analysis represents the central point of a multidisciplinary method that can be adopted by elite soccer teams to obtain an improvement in athletic performance and a concomitant reduction of injuries by tailoring training and nutritional programs. The genetic fingerprinting of single athletes led to the identification of two performance‐enhancing polymorphisms (ACTN3 18705C>T, VEGF‐634C>G) significantly enriched. Moreover, we derived a genetic model based on the gene set analyzed, which was tentatively used to reduce athletes’ predisposition to injuries, by dictating a personalized nutrition and training program. The potential usefulness of this approach is concordant with data showing that this team has been classified as the healthiest and least injured team in Europe while covering the highest distance/match with the highest number of high‐intensity actions/match.
Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Assess the Impact of Disease State on Thalidomide Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Gaudy Allison , Hwang Renfang , Palmisano Maria , Chen Nianhang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to describe the pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in different patient populations was developed using data pooled from healthy subjects and patients with Hansen's disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and multiple myeloma (MM). The analysis data set had a total of 164 evaluable subjects who received various doses (50 to 400 mg) of oral thalidomide in single‐ and/or multiple‐dose regimens. The plasma thalidomide concentrations were adequately described by a linear 1‐compartment PPK model with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination. Inclusion of MM as a covariate on apparent clearance (CL/F) accounted for 4.4% of the interindividual variability (IIV) of CL/F. Body weight as a covariate on CL/F and apparent volume of distribution (V/F) also improved model fitting slightly, accounting for 7.2% and 20% of IIV, respectively. Although inclusion of body weight and MM as covariates of CL/F and body weight on V/F improved the goodness of fit of the model in a statistically significant manner, the impact of this difference in CL/F is not considered clinically relevant. Other factors such as age, sex, race, creatinine clearance, and alanine transaminase had no effect on thalidomide pharmacokinetics. MM, HIV, and Hansen's disease have no clinically relevant effect on thalidomide disposition relative to healthy volunteers.
A facilely synthesized polyanionic gel adsorbent with high adaptability and new adsorption effects for purification of Cu(II)‐containing wastewater
Authors: Li Hongyan , Song Chunli , Bai Yu , Yu Yikai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCu(II)‐containing wastewater causes serious pollution of the water environment. Adsorption is one of the most commonly used water purification methods, with the selection of suitable adsorbents being the key factor. This motivates the development of new efficient adsorbents to purify Cu(II)‐containing wastewater.RESULTSA highly adaptable polyanionic gel (PAG) was synthesized by the facile crosslinking copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and triallylmethylammonium chloride (TAMAC) at 65 °C for 0.5 h, followed by a simple neutralization treatment, avoiding the inconvenience of the complex and expensive preparation process required to prepare existing adsorbents. When first used as an adsorbent material, PAG achieved highly efficient purification of a wide concentration range of 10–2000 mg L−1 Cu(II)‐containing wastewater. The PAG adsorption capacity for Cu(II) was 222.2 mg g−1, which was higher than the values of selected existing adsorbent materials (9.50–214 mg g−1), and PAG had the advantages of being eco‐friendly, facilely obtained and regenerable. Also, PAG maintained stable adsorption ability even when the adsorption temperature varied from 30 to 50 °C. Moreover, a series of new adsorption effects were first observed as the key factors for PAG adsorption to achieve high adaptability.CONCLUSIONGenerally, considering the comprehensive performances, PAG would have higher adaptability in the efficient purification of different concentrations and different temperatures of Cu(II)‐containing wastewater. It would thus have better application in different water environments and be regarded as a better adsorbent alternative. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Conversion of monosaccharides into levulinic acid/esters: impacts of metal sulfate addition and the reaction medium
Authors: Sun Kai , Zhang Lijun , Shao Yuewen , Li Qingyin , Fan Huailin , Gao Guanggang , Zhang Shu , Liu Qing , Wang Yi , Hu Xun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDInorganic salts could be used as catalysts for the effective conversion of sugars. In this study, the impacts of various metal sulfates (Na2SO4, K2SO4, MnSO4, CoSO4, NiSO4, ZnSO4, CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, La2(SO4)3 and Ce(SO4)2) on the conversion of glucose/fructose to levulinic acid in varied reaction media were evaluated.RESULTSThe sulfates strongly chelated with the sugars, preventing their dehydration reactions in the presence of sulfuric acid and leading to polymerization of the sugars. The sulfates themselves showed varied activity and selectivity for the conversion of the sugars to levulinic acid/esters or 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), depending on the coordination with the reaction medium. K2SO4 or Na2SO4 could catalyze the production of HMF from glucose/fructose in water, while in DMSO the yield of HMF was substantially higher. In THF, nevertheless, almost no HMF was formed, while other sulfates such as NiSO4 in THF could effectively catalyze the conversion of fructose to HMF. In alcohols, Fe2(SO4)3 was the most effective sulfate for the conversion of the sugars to levulinic acid/esters, and the alcohols could effectively suppress the polymerization of the sugars.CONCLUSIONThe distinct catalytic performances of the sulfates in the varied reaction media originated from their different coordination or chelation with the sugars and the reaction medium. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Complementary and alternative therapy use in a regional radiation oncology treatment centre: Can staff knowledge, views, confidence and documentation be improved?
Authors: Delaney Lisa J. , Manley Stephen J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionComplementary and alternative therapies (CATs) are widely used by cancer patients but are infrequently disclosed and documented. This study aimed to improve radiation therapy staff knowledge, confidence, views and documentation of radiation oncology patients' use of CATs.MethodParticipants completed a baseline questionnaire regarding their knowledge, confidence, views and documentation relating to patients' CAT use. An intervention was undertaken whereby participants attended an educational session and a CAT screening tool was implemented simultaneously. Participants immediately completed a post‐intervention questionnaire and later a 6‐month follow‐up questionnaire. A patient record audit was conducted to measure the documentation of CAT use pre‐ and post‐intervention.ResultsFrom baseline to post‐intervention, there was a statistically significant shift in staff knowledge and confidence (P = 0.001–0.01). The observed shift was sustained over a 6‐month period, (P = 0.453–1.00). Participants' perceived views of CATs did not change as a result of the intervention (P = 0.261–1.000). The post‐intervention audit compared to the baseline audit yielded a statistically significant increase in documentation. There was an increase in CAT use mentioned in patient records from 14% (15/108) to 40% (35/88) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe implementation of a screening tool and staff education increased radiation therapy staff knowledge of CATs and increased staff confidence when discussing CAT use with patients. Documentation of CATs in the patient record increased post‐intervention. These changes positively affected radiation therapy staff understanding the use of CATs by cancer patients.
Dementia associated with disorders of the basal ganglia
Authors: Vitanova Karina S. , Stringer Katie M. , Benitez Diana P. , Brenton Jonathan , Cummings Damian M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDementia is now the leading cause of death in the United Kingdom, accounting for over 12% of all deaths and is the fifth most common cause of death worldwide. As treatments for heart disease and cancers improve and the population ages, the number of sufferers will only increase, with the chance of developing dementia doubling every 5 years after the age of 65. Finding an effective treatment is ever more critical to avert this pandemic health (and economic) crisis. To date, most dementia‐related research has focused on the cortex and the hippocampus; however, with dementia becoming more fully recognized as aspects of diseases historically categorized as motor disorders (e.g., Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases), the role of the basal ganglia in dementia is coming to the fore. Conversely, it is highly likely that neuronal pathways in these structures traditionally considered as spared in Alzheimer's disease are also affected, particularly in later stages of the disease. In this review, we examine some of the limited evidence linking the basal ganglia to dementia.
Influence of cumulus convection schemes on winter North Pacific storm tracks in the regional climate model RegCM4.5
Authors: Yang Minghao , Tan Yanke , Li Xin , Chen Xiong , Zhang Chao , Yu Peilong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on the regional climate model RegCM4.5 driven by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, the influence of cumulus convection schemes (CCSs) on the winter North Pacific storm track (WNPST) is investigated. It is found that the climatology, interannual variation, spatial modes and characteristic indices of the WNPST are extremely sensitive to the choice of CCS. Among the selected CCSs, WNPST climatology and interannual variation in the Kuo scheme are better than in other CCSs, with a smaller root mean square error. The WNPST spatial modes and strength indices in the Kuo and Grell schemes are more consistent with NCEP reanalysis. The Kuo scheme has a stronger ability to simulate the WNPST latitude index and the interannual variation of winter characteristic indices. In addition, we attempt to reveal the possible reasons for the different performances of CCSs from the viewpoint of baroclinic energy conversion (BCEC). It is found that the energy conversion from the mean available potential energy to the eddy available potential energy (BCEC1) has no significant difference among the Kuo, Grell and Emanuel schemes, while energy conversion from the eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy (BCEC2) in the Kuo scheme is obviously better than other CCSs, which means that the differences in BCEC2 among these CCSs may be one of the key reasons affecting the simulation results of the WNPST.
Technological influence on sensory stability and antioxidant activity of beers measured by ORAC and FRAP
Authors: Wannenmacher Julia , Cotterchio Christina , Schlumberger Maximilian , Reuber Valentin , Gastl Martina , Becker Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany studies have confirmed a wide variation in the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of beers. However, when commercial beers are studied, there is usually no information available on the brewing technology applied. In this study, technological parameters were varied systematically to influence the antioxidant content of beer with a view to improving its flavor stability. High‐throughput assays, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were investigated as fast analytical methods to evaluate the influence of brewing technology on antioxidant activity.RESULTSBeers (n = 12) were brewed with systematic technological variations (malt modification, hopping regime) to influence the antioxidant potential. A late hop addition resulted in significantly higher phenolic content (high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection – HPLC‐DAD) and antioxidant activity. Raw protein content and malt modification significantly influenced phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of beers hopped at the beginning of wort boiling. Samples were stored under forced and natural conditions and were evaluated by a sensory panel. The decline of bitter iso‐α‐acids as an analytical marker for oxidative aging was significantly lower in beers brewed from malts with high raw protein content. These samples also had higher antioxidant activity values. Panelists gave higher ratings for beer quality to aged beers with a late hop addition. However, late hopping resulted in enhanced hoppy aroma attributes and therefore an altered aroma profile.CONCLUSIONSBoth antioxidant capacity methods were well suited as fast methods to evaluate brewing raw material and technological influence on antioxidant activity. The appropriate choice of barley malt and the malting regime could be promising tools to enhance the antioxidant activity of traditionally hopped beers. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparison of 2‐Dimensional Shear Wave Elastographic Measurements Using ElastQ Imaging and SuperSonic Shear Imaging: Phantom Study and Clinical Pilot Study
Authors: Hwang Jisun , Yoon Hee Mang , Jung Ah Young , Lee Jin Seong , Cho Young Ah 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the feasibility and clinical applicability of ElastQ imaging (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) with that of SuperSonic shear imaging (SSI; SuperSonic Imagine, Aix‐en‐Provence, France) using an elastographic phantom and a pilot study of patients.MethodsTwo‐dimensional shear wave elastography measurement was performed by ElastQ imaging and SSI by 2 radiologists. An elastographic phantom with 5 target elasticities at 2 acquisition depths was used. The coefficients of variation and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were evaluated for repeatability and interobserver agreement, respectively. The mean elasticities of the systems at each target were compared. The proportions of measurements that were out of the range of expected values and measurement errors were calculated to determine accuracy. Liver stiffness (LS) was measured by both systems in 27 children and young adult patients with various liver diseases.ResultsBoth systems provided high repeatability in elasticity measurements of phantom targets (coefficients of variation, 0.69%–15.82%), and there was excellent interobserver agreement (ICC, 0.992). Most (90%) mean elasticities of targets were significantly different between the techniques (P ≤ .002) and acquisition depths (P ≤ .004). ElastQ imaging had significantly lower proportions of out‐of‐range measurements and measurement errors (P ≤ .003) than SSI. In patients with liver disease, LS measurements of the systems were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.955; P < .001) and had excellent agreement (ICC, 0.951; P < .001).ConclusionsElastQ imaging had comparably good results in terms of repeatability, interobserver agreement, and accuracy in the phantom model compared with SSI. The pilot patient study showed strong correlations in LS values between the systems.