bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction optimisation, antioxidant activity and inhibition on α‐amylase and pancreatic lipase of polyphenols from the seeds of Syzygium cumini
Authors: Abdin Mohamed , Hamed Yahya Saud , Akhtar Hafiz Muhammad Saleem , Chen Dan , Mukhtar Shanza , Wan Peng , Riaz Asad , Zeng Xiaoxiong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to determine the optimal extraction conditions of polyphenols from Syzygium cumini seeds by response surface methodology and investigate their antioxidant activity and inhibition on α‐amylase and pancreatic lipase. As results, the optimal extraction conditions in the ultrasonic extraction process which maximised total polyphenols content, minimised the IC50 values of α‐amylase and pancreatic lipase were determined as follows: extraction time 60 min, ethanol concentration 63% and solvent/solid ratio 44 mL g−1. The main phenolic compounds in partially purified fraction of Syzygium cumini seeds were catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, gallic, 5‐caffeoylquinic, caffeic and ferulic acids. In addition, the partially purified fraction inhibited 87.66 ± 5.55 and 86.61 ± 3.15% of α‐amylase and pancreatic lipase, respectively. The results suggested that Syzygium cumini seeds could be explored as a natural antioxidant and could be used as a source of highly antidiabetic and anti‐obesity bioactive compounds.
Determination of sensory thresholds of Mentha piperita L. essential oil in selected tropical fruit juices and efficacy of sensory accepted concentrations combined with mild heat to inactivate foodborne pathogens
Authors: de Carvalho Rayssa Julliane , de Souza Pedrosa Geany Targino , Chaves Maísa Gomes , de Sousa Janaina Maria Batista , de Souza Evandro Leite , Pagán Rafael , Magnani Marciane 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis study determined the compromised acceptance threshold (CAT) and rejection threshold (RT) of Mentha piperita L. essential oil (MPEO) in cajá, guava and mango juices. The MPEO concentrations below the RT values were evaluated alone or combined with mild heat treatment (MHT; 54 °C) to inactivate ≥5‐log10 of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis PT 4 in the same juices. The CAT of MPEO varied from 0.30 to 0.32 μL mL−1, while the RT was 1.34 or 1.36 μL mL−1 in the tested juices. Only concentrations of MPEO close, or higher than the RT caused ≥5‐log10 reductions in the tested pathogens in cajá, guava and mango juices. Combined with MHT, concentrations of MPEO below the RT reduced ≥5‐log10 of both pathogens in juices. These findings indicate that MPEO concentrations below the RT in combination with MHT is a feasible preservation technology to ensure the safety of tropical fruit juices.
Visual storytelling for improving the comprehension and utility in disseminating information systems research: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Mirkovski Kristijan , Gaskin James E. , Hull David M. , Lowry Paul Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince the start of human civilisation, storytelling has served as an effective medium for disseminating important knowledge within families, communities, and organisations. We make a case for the use of visual storytelling, namely, video stories, to supplement traditional scholarly articles in the Information Systems (IS) discipline, thereby exploring its potential to improve actual and perceived comprehension, perceived utility, satisfaction as well as intentions to cite, share, and accept research. Drawing on cognitive learning theory, the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and the literature on deep processing, we develop our research model, which is based on the model by Jiang and Benbasat (2007). We test our model in experimental settings with 269 research‐oriented students and academics who were randomised into four conditions: (1) reading a text‐based article, (2) reading the script for a video about the article, (3) viewing the video story of the article, and (4) viewing the video story followed by reading the article. Results showed that the article's script was significantly perceived to be the least useful in disseminating research content. The video story and text‐based article were perceived to be equally useful, and supplementing the text‐based article with a video story was perceived to be the most useful. Moreover, the video story and text‐based article supplemented by a video story were of roughly equal effectiveness; yet, the video script was the most effective, and the text‐based article was least effective relative to other formats in disseminating scholarly knowledge. Last, we discuss how to further improve the design of video stories by referring to the critical narrative theory, which has the potential to significantly promote the dissemination of IS scholarly knowledge.
The impact of new guidelines on the prevalence of hypertension in children: A cross‐sectional evaluation
Authors: Condren Michelle , Carter Jessamyn , Mushtaq Nasir , Puckett Scott , Kezbers Krista , Sabet Samie , Morgan Danielle 
Published: March 2019

Updated clinical practice guidelines for screening blood pressures in pediatric patients were published in 2017. They differ from the previous guideline, known as the Fourth Report, providing updated population normal values and blood pressure categorization. We hypothesized that the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure in children and adolescents would be higher using the new clinical practice guidelines. We present a cross‐sectional study of screening blood pressure values for children 3 to 18 years of age obtained during well‐child visits at a primary care clinic. All blood pressure values were categorized using both the Fourth Report and the Clinical Practice Guideline. A total of 2635 blood pressure measurements were extracted, and 2600 were eligible for analysis. Using the clinical practice guideline, the prevalence of hypertension increased to 17.85% compared to 9.5% per the Fourth Report (P < 0.0001). Of those patients classified as having a normal blood pressure by the Fourth Report, 12% changed to abnormal when applying the Clinical Practice Guideline. All subgroups had a significant increase in the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure. The most dramatic increase in the prevalence of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension was seen in six patient subgroups: males, 3‐12 years of age, Hispanic ethnicity, race designated as other, normal weight, and overweight. Applying the new Clinical Practice Guideline increased the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension in children and adolescents, requiring more follow‐up and intervention than previously expected for this patient population.
The Role of the EU Institutions in Establishing the European Stability Mechanism: Institutional Leadership under a Veil of Intergovernmentalism
Authors: Smeets Sandrino , Jaschke Alenka , Beach Derek 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article traces the role of the EU institutions in setting up the European stability mechanism (ESM). There have been many scholarly assessments but few empirical reconstructions of decision‐making on the intergovernmental ESM and its predecessor the European financial stability facility. The instruments clearly constituted a step away from supranational entrepreneurship and the Community method. However, we question the intergovernmentalist interpretation in terms of institutional competition and decline. Using a historical analogy of the Delors model(s), we identify two types of institutional leadership and show how the ESM was characterized, first by an uneasy combination and then a shift from political championship to the engineering type of leadership. Using two case studies, we trace the negotiations for increasing the size and scope of the ESM. The analyses show that this was a bottom‐up process in which the institutions laid out the tracks and provided the link between the control room (European Council) and ‘machine room’ (Eurogroup/Eurogroup Working Group/ Task Force on Coordinated Action) proceedings.
Signals to Their Parliaments? Governments’ Use of Votes and Policy Statements in the EU Council
Authors: Hagemann Sara , Bailer Stefanie , Herzog Alexander 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDoes parliamentary oversight of governments’ decisions in the international arena matter? This article finds that it does: governments with strong parliamentary oversight behave differently when negotiating policies at the EU level compared with governments with less powerful parliaments. Where parliaments have formal powers to oversee and restrict their government's positions we see a significantly higher use of opposing votes and formal policy statements by those governments. This behaviour intensifies depending on the governments' standing vis‐à‐vis other political parties at home. When governments are under pressure in their national parliaments they are more likely to go on record and take a stand against the majority in Brussels. These results make it clear that in EU legislative politics, governments not only consider their policy priorities and negotiation tactics with their European counterparts, but also make use of EU decision records to send signals to domestic audiences, including their national parliaments.
Influence of proper or reciprocating optimum torque reverse kinematics on cyclic fatigue of four single files
Authors: Pedullà Eugenio , Ambu Emanuele , Rovai Fabio , Chang Seok‐Woo , Campedelli Federico , Corsentino Giacomo , Rapisarda Silvia , La Rosa Giusy R. M. , Grandini Simone 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the resistance to cyclic fatigue of heat‐treated single files used in proper or in reciprocating optimum torque reverse motions.MethodsNinety‐six HyFlex electrical discharge machining (EDM), Reciproc R25 (Rec), WaveOne Primary (WO), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) Primary were used. Resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by recording time to fracture in a stainless steel artificial canal. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis was performed. Data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post‐hoc tests at 0.05.ResultsIn both movements, HyFlex EDM showed higher time to fracture than other files (P < 0.0001). Rec showed higher time to fracture than WO (P < 0.0001), while WOG showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance than Rec and WO with both movements (P < 0.005).ConclusionsReciprocating optimum torque reverse motion improved significantly cyclic fatigue resistance of gold and controlled memory wire single files.
SURVEYING THE ECONOMICS OF PLURAL MODES OF ORGANIZATION
Authors: Raynaud Emmanuel , Schnaider Paula Sarita Bigio , Saes Maria Sylvia Macchione 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhy do firms concomitantly rely on more than one organizational arrangement to procure/distribute a given input/product? In this paper, we systematically review and discuss the extensive path undergone by the literature exploring this issue: the so‐called plural forms. We address two main questions: how to explain the coexistence (and often the prevalence) of plural forms in many types of businesses? Are plural forms stable or a transitory phenomenon? We describe the most prominent motivations identified in the economics and management literature that drive firms to adopt plural forms and show that their vast majority are related to the mitigation of various types of agency/transaction costs. We also demonstrate that most of the available pieces of empirical evidence suggest the stability of plural forms over time. We conclude by demonstrating the path that has been trailed by the most recent developments.
Mangiferin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting TLR4/p65 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway
Authors: Jia Li , Sun Ping , Gao Hui , Shen Jie , Gao Yuan , Meng Cheng , Fu Shidong , Yao Huijuan , Zhang Gong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Investigating the antipulmonary fibrosis effect of mangiferin from Mangifera indica and the possible molecular mechanism.

Methods
In vivo, bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis experimental model was used for evaluating antipulmonary fibrosis effect of mangiferin. Histopathologic examination and collagen deposition were investigated by HE and Masson staining as well as detecting the content of hydroxyproline. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TLR4 and p-P65 in lung tissue was analysed through immunofluorescence. Leucocytes and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected by cell counting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro, TGF-β1-induced A549 epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) cell model was used for investigating the possible molecular mechanism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected by DCFH-DA assay. Expression of all proteins was examined by Western blot.

Key findings
Oral administration of mangiferin could attenuate the severity of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis through increasing the survival rate, improving histopathological lesion and body weight loss as well as decreasing pulmonary index visibly. Pulmonary hydroxyproline content, TGF-β1, and α-SMA levels were reduced significantly. The molecular mechanism of mangiferin for inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis is that it could obviously inhibit the occurrence of inflammation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokine through inhibiting activation of TLR4 and phosphorylation of p65. Meanwhile, EMT process was suppressed obviously by mangiferin through blocking the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and reducing MMP-9 expression. Besides, mangiferin could significantly inhibit the process of oxidant stress through downregulating the intracellular ROS generation.

Conclusions
Mangiferin attenuates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting TLR4/p65 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway.
Tropical monodominant forest resilience to climate change in Central Africa: A Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest pollen record over the past 2,700 years
Authors: Tovar Carolina , Harris David J. , Breman Elinor , Brncic Terry , Willis Kathy J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuestionThe existence of monodominant forest in highly diverse tropical rainforest has been the subject of much debate. One hypothesis suggests that the combination of advantageous traits and long periods of low disturbance is key for this forest's persistence. Here we ask whether there is evidence for the long‐term presence of monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest in the absence of fire and climate change.LocationRepublic of Congo.MethodsWe extracted fossil pollen and macro‐charcoal from a sediment sequence collected in present‐day monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest stand that spans the last 2,700 years. Climatic changes were inferred using other published palaeoecological records from Central Africa. We also looked at Gilbertiodendron dewevrei's present‐day ecological tolerances.ResultsGilbertiodendron pollen was found in every sample covering the last 2,700 years in similar percentages to present‐day soil surface samples. In addition, no statistically significant change in pollen composition was found during this time despite vegetation changes being documented in nearby mixed and swamp forest cores over the same time period. No evidence of fire was found for a period of 2,400 years. Only minimal burning occurred over the last 300 years in this monodominant stand. The analysis of ecological tolerances shows G. dewevrei has a broad niche for precipitation (1,300–2,460 mm).ConclusionsOur pollen record is the first to describe the long‐term ecological history of an African monodominant forest. Our results show this monodominant stand existed over the past 2,700 years mostly in the absence of fire, providing support for the low disturbance hypothesis as an explanation for monodominance persistence. However, we show that the monodominant forest was continuous, at this site, despite climatic fluctuations in the immediate region. This combined with the broad tolerance of water requirements of the species suggests a potential resilience to future climate variability. However, additional pollen records from a wider area are needed to confirm this.
Mean field and n‐agent games for optimal investment under relative performance criteria
Authors: Lacker Daniel , Zariphopoulou Thaleia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe analyze a family of portfolio management problems under relative performance criteria, for fund managers having CARA or CRRA utilities and trading in a common investment horizon in log‐normal markets. We construct explicit constant equilibrium strategies for both the finite population games and the corresponding mean field games, which we show are unique in the class of constant equilibria. In the CARA case, competition drives agents to invest more in the risky asset than they would otherwise, while in the CRRA case competitive agents may over‐ or underinvest, depending on their levels of risk tolerance.
Fur seal microbiota are shaped by the social and physical environment, show mother–offspring similarities and are associated with host genetic quality
Authors: Grosser Stefanie , Sauer Jan , Paijmans Anneke J. , Caspers Barbara A. , Forcada Jaume , Wolf Jochen B. W. , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite an increasing appreciation of the importance of host–microbe interactions in ecological and evolutionary processes, the factors shaping microbial communities in wild populations remain poorly understood. We therefore exploited a natural experiment provided by two adjacent Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) colonies of high and low social density and combined 16S rRNA metabarcoding with microsatellite profiling of mother–offspring pairs to investigate environmental and genetic influences on skin microbial communities. Seal‐associated bacterial communities differed profoundly between the two colonies, despite the host populations themselves being genetically undifferentiated. Consistent with the hypothesis that social stress depresses bacterial diversity, we found that microbial alpha diversity was significantly lower in the high‐density colony. Seals from one of the colonies that contained a stream also carried a subset of freshwater‐associated bacteria, indicative of an influence of the physical environment. Furthermore, mothers and their offspring shared similar microbial communities, in support of the notion that microbes may facilitate mother–offspring recognition. Finally, a significant negative association was found between bacterial diversity and heterozygosity, a measure of host genetic quality. Our study thus reveals a complex interplay between environmental and host genetic effects, while also providing empirical support for the leash model of host control, which posits that bacterial communities are driven not only by bottom‐up species interactions, but also by top‐down host regulation. Taken together, our findings have broad implications for understanding host–microbe interactions as well as prokaryotic diversity in general.
Unravelling the invasion history of the Asian tiger mosquito in Europe
Authors: Sherpa Stéphanie , Blum Michael G. B. , Capblancq Thibaut , Cumer Tristan , Rioux Delphine , Després Laurence 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMultiple introductions are key features for the establishment and persistence of introduced species. However, little is known about the contribution of genetic admixture to the invasive potential of populations. To address this issue, we studied the recent invasion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Europe. Combining genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms and historical knowledge using an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we reconstruct the colonization routes and establish the demographic dynamics of invasion. The colonization of Europe involved at least three independent introductions in Albania, North Italy and Central Italy that subsequently acted as dispersal centres throughout Europe. We show that the topology of human transportation networks shaped demographic histories with North Italy and Central Italy being the main dispersal centres in Europe. Introduction modalities conditioned the levels of genetic diversity in invading populations, and genetically diverse and admixed populations promoted more secondary introductions and have spread farther than single‐source invasions. This genomic study provides further crucial insights into a general understanding of the role of genetic diversity promoted by modern trade in driving biological invasions.
Dyspigmented hypertrophic scars: Beyond skin color
Authors: Alkhalil Abdulnaser , Carney Bonnie C. , Travis Taryn E. , Muhie Seid , Miller Stacy Ann , Ramella‐Roman Jessica C. , Ghassemi Pehman , Hammamieh Rasha , Jett Marti , Moffatt Lauren T. , Shupp Jeffrey W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough pigment synthesis is well understood, relevant mechanisms of psychologically debilitating dyspigmentation in nascent tissue after cutaneous injuries are still unknown. Here, differences in genomic transcription of hyper‐ and hypopigmented tissue relative to uninjured skin were investigated using a red Duroc swine scar model. Transcription profiles differed based on pigmentation phenotypes with a trend of more upregulation or downregulation in hyper‐ or hypopigmented scars, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of significantly modulated genes in both pigmentation phenotypes showed pathways related to redox, metabolic, and inflammatory responses were more present in hypopigmented samples, while those related to stem cell development differentiation were found mainly in hyperpigmented samples. Cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions and inflammation responses were predicted (z‐score) active in hyperpigmented and inactive in hypopigmented. The proinflammatory high‐mobility group box 1 pathway showed the opposite trend. Analysis of differentially regulated mutually exclusive genes showed an extensive presence of metabolic, proinflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways in hypopigmented scars, while melanin synthesis, glycosaminoglycans biosynthesis, and cell differentiation pathways were predominant in hyperpigmented scar. Several potential therapeutic gene targets have been identified.
Supporting elder persons in rural Japanese communities through preventive home visits by nursing students: A qualitative descriptive analysis of students' reports
Authors: Iwasaki Riho , Hirai Kazuaki , Kageyama Takayuki , Satoh Tamae , Fukuda Hiromi , Kai Hiromi , Makino Kiwa , Magilvy Kathy , Murashima Sachiyo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article describes the evaluation of an innovative nursing education curriculum project, preventive home visiting practice, which began full implementation in 2015, in terms of students' learning outcomes. For the purpose of learning how elder persons live in community, all the 327 undergraduate nursing students, from freshmen to seniors, provided monthly or bi‐monthly visits to home‐dwelling elderly persons aged 75 or above in their home over 1 year period, in order to provide support for their independent living and to learn from them. The students' reports submitted at the end of the first academic year were qualitatively analyzed to evaluate what they learned. They acquired multiple perspectives for understanding elder persons, including a variety of individual and environmental aspects of wellness, prevention, and community life. They also acknowledged the importance of team practice through working and collaborating with different grade levels and generations. Overall, the observed learning contents were useful for future nursing education with elder persons and facilitating critical changes in nursing education systems to address the problems of aged society.