bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The granular monoclinal wave
Authors: Razis Dimitrios , Kanellopoulos Giorgos , van der Weele Ko 
Published: March 2018

We study granular chute flow using the classic Saint-Venant approach, with the shear stresses within the granular sheet being incorporated via a friction law due to Pouliquen & Forterre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 453, 2002, pp. 113–151) and with the in-plane stresses (which are ignored in the traditional formulation for normal fluids) being represented by a viscous-like term recently derived by Gray & Edwards (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 755, 2014, pp. 503–534). On the basis of this model, we predict that the granular sheet is able to sustain monoclinal waves, i.e. travelling shock structures that monotonically connect a thick region of uniform flow to a thinner one. We examine the balance of forces that determine the shape of this particular waveform and give the precise window of system parameters for which monoclinal waves are expected to appear in experiments.
Exact simulation of multidimensional reflected Brownian motion
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Murthy Karthyek 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present the first exact simulation method for multidimensional reflected Brownian motion (RBM). Exact simulation in this setting is challenging because of the presence of correlated local-time-like terms in the definition of RBM. We apply recently developed so-called ε-strong simulation techniques (also known as tolerance-enforced simulation) which allow us to provide a piecewise linear approximation to RBM with ε (deterministic) error in uniform norm. A novel conditional acceptance–rejection step is then used to eliminate the error. In particular, we condition on a suitably designed information structure so that a feasible proposal distribution can be applied.
Uniformly efficient simulation for extremes of Gaussian random fields
Authors: Li Xiaoou , Xu Gongjun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper we consider the problem of simultaneously estimating rare-event probabilities for a class of Gaussian random fields. A conventional rare-event simulation method is usually tailored to a specific rare event and consequently would lose estimation efficiency for different events of interest, which often results in additional computational cost in such simultaneous estimation problems. To overcome this issue, we propose a uniformly efficient estimator for a general family of Hölder continuous Gaussian random fields. We establish the asymptotic and uniform efficiency of the proposed method and also conduct simulation studies to illustrate its effectiveness.
Inhomogeneous random graphs, isolated vertices, and Poisson approximation
Authors: Penrose Mathew D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConsider a graph on randomly scattered points in an arbitrary space, with any two pointsx,yconnected with probability ϕ(x,y). Suppose the number of points is large but the mean number of isolated points isO(1). We give general criteria for the latter to be approximately Poisson distributed. More generally, we consider the number of vertices of fixed degree, the number of components of fixed order, and the number of edges. We use a general result on Poisson approximation by Stein's method for a set of points selected from a Poisson point process. This method also gives a good Poisson approximation for U-statistics of a Poisson process.
LEE MONOIDS ARE NONFINITELY BASED WHILE THE SETS OF THEIR ISOTERMS ARE FINITELY BASED
Authors: SAPIR OLGA 
Published: March 2018

We establish a new sufficient condition under which a monoid is nonfinitely based and apply this condition to Lee monoids $L_{\ell }^{1}$, obtained by adjoining an identity element to the semigroup generated by two idempotents $a$ and $b$ with the relation $0=abab\cdots \,$ (length $\ell$). We show that every monoid $M$ which generates a variety containing $L_{5}^{1}$ and is contained in the variety generated by $L_{\ell }^{1}$ for some $\ell \geq 5$ is nonfinitely based. We establish this result by analysing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-terms for $M$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is a certain nontrivial congruence on the free semigroup. We also show that if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is the trivial congruence on the free semigroup and $\ell \leq 5$, then the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-terms (isoterms) for $L_{\ell }^{1}$ carry no information about the nonfinite basis property of $L_{\ell }^{1}$.
Self-Enforcing Power Sharing in Weak States
Authors: Roessler Philip , Ohls David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPower sharing, in which elites from rival societal groups agree to share control of the central government, is a key source of domestic peace, enabling states to escape devastating cycles of exclusion and civil war. Yet the conditions giving rise to inclusive governance are not well understood. In contrast to existing scholarship that emphasizes the importance of external third-party mediation or strong formal institutions, we point to the structural roots of power sharing in which political inclusion stems from the distribution of societal power and the balance of threat capabilities it produces. Only when both the ruling group and a given rival group possess strong mobilizational capabilities, such that each could credibly threaten to recapture state power if excluded from the central government, does self-enforcing power sharing emerge. A strong rival induces the ruler to commit to power sharing and to reluctantly accept coup risk over civil war risk. The ruling group's own threat capabilities, in turn, constrain rivals from trying to convert their share of power into absolute power. Supported by extensive quantitative and qualitative evidence with particular reference to weak states in sub-Saharan Africa, we shed light on the conditions under which the distribution of violence within a state underwrites a peaceful and productive equilibrium. In doing so, we rethink how scholars approach the study of civil war. Rather than conceiving of it in terms of effective resistance, we model civil war as a contest for state power shaped by groups’ capabilities to project force in the capital.
Yield potential of upland rice varieties under reproductive-stage drought and optimal water regimes in Nigeria
Authors: Anyaoha C. O. , Fofana M. , Gracen V. E. , Tongoona P. B. , Blay E. T. , Semon M. , Popoola B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe goal of most rice improvement programs is the enhancement of farmers’ yield using less land and limited water. This study evaluated 77 upland rice genotypes under optimal upland growing conditions in the field and ranked the genotypes using base indices. Subsequently, eighteen cultivars selected from the field trial were screened under drought in rainout-shelter conditions. The traits evaluated for index selection were yield, days to flowering, plant height, number of panicles and filled grains. Under field conditions, based on the sum of economic weight assigned to five traits used to compute the selection index, IR 68704-145-1-1-B and IR 63380-16 were the best genotypes. In the rainout-shelter experiment, Ofada 2 (508 gm−2) had the highest grain yield under non-stress conditions while ITA 117 (152.38 gm−2) had the highest grain yield under drought stress. The base index was efficient for selecting superior genotypes with the best combination for all the traits considered. Susceptibility to drought stress of the landraces leads to poor grain yield.
Addressing misperceptions ofGoverning the Commons
Authors: SARKER ASHUTOSH , BLOMQUIST WILLIAM 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Elinor Ostrom's authoritative bookGoverning the Commons, published in 1990, and almost every other text she has published on the subject of the commons, strongly criticized Garrett Hardin's much-cited 1968Sciencearticle “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Hardin's “tragedy” refers metaphorically to the eventual destruction of a commons as a result of collective overuse. Hardin claimed that statist solutions and privatization provisions are the only two policy means for addressing the tragedy. Ostrom explored user self-governance as a third alternative to avert the tragedy. Ostrom's exploration and her critical stance, however, have caused the misperception of her work as anti-Hardin, anti-tragedy, or more specifically, anti-statist and anti-privatization. This paper argues that despite Ostrom's clear criticism of Hardin's claim and her regard for user self-governance or community-based management, her work was not anti-statist or anti-privatization.
Automated Language Environment Analysis: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Greenwood Charles R. , Schnitz Alana G. , Irvin Dwight , Tsai Shu Fe , Carta Judith J. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe Language Environment Analysis (LENA®) represents a breakthrough in automatic speech detection because it makes one's language environment, what adults and children actually hear and say, efficiently measurable. The purpose of this article was to examine (a) current dimensions of LENA research, (b) LENA's sensitivity to differences in populations and language environments, and (c) what has been achieved in closing the Word Gap.MethodFrom electronic and human searches, 83 peer-reviewed articles using LENA were identified, and 53 met inclusionary criteria and were included in a systematic literature review. Each article reported results of 1 study.ResultsOriginally developed to make natural language research more efficient and feasible, systematic review identified a broad landscape of relevant LENA findings focused primarily on the environments and communications of young children but also older adults and teachers. LENA's automated speech indicators (adult input, adult–child interaction, and child production) and the audio environment were shown to meet high validity standards, including accuracy, sensitivity to individual differences, and differences in populations, settings, contexts within settings, speakers, and languages. Researchers' own analyses of LENA audio recordings have extended our knowledge of microlevel processes in adult–child interaction. To date, intervention research using LENA has consisted of small pilot experiments, primarily on the effects of brief parent education plus quantitative linguistic feedback to parents.ConclusionEvidence showed that automated analysis has made a place in the repertoire of language research and practice. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Contribution à l’élaboration d’un test syllabique adaptatif
pour la mesure rapide du SRT dans le bruit chez l’implanté cochléaire
Authors: Lebigre Juliette 
Published: March 2018

La compréhension dans le bruit fait l’objet d’attentes importantes chez les implantés cochléaires et il semble de première nécessité de
pouvoir évaluer leurs performances en la matière.
Pourtant, l’audiométrie vocale dans le bruit n’est que très peu mise en pratique par les régleurs d’implants, avec comme principaux
freins à son utilisation, la durée trop importante des tests et la fatigue qui en découle.
Un test syllabique adaptatif a donc été élaboré, permettant une mesure rapide du SRT (Speech Reception Threshold) dans le bruit chez
les implantés cochléaires.
Ce test a été développé en trois temps : une première phase de sélection du matériel vocal, puis la défi nition d’une procédure de
passation adaptative pour la liste vocale ainsi constituée et enfi n la validation de la procédure et notamment de sa reproductibilité.
Les résultats ont révélé qu’en seulement 3 min 17 s, notre test syllabique adaptatif permettait une mesure fi able et reproductible du SRT
dans le bruit chez l’implanté cochléaire.
Colonoscopic perforations in the English National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Derbyshire Edmund , Hungin Pali , Nickerson Claire , Rutter Matthew 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background Perforation is the most serious adverse event associated with colonoscopy. In this study of data from the English National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, we aimed to describe the presentation and management of perforations, and to determine factors associated with poorer outcomes post-perforation.
Methods The medical records of patients with a perforation following the national screening colonoscopy were retrospectively examined. All colonoscopies performed from 02/08/2006 to 13/03/2014 were studied. Bowel Cancer Screening Centres across England were contacted and asked to complete a detailed dataset relating to perforation presentation, management, and outcome.
Results 263 129 colonoscopies were analyzed, and the rate of perforation was 0.06 %. Complete data were reviewed for 117 perforations: 70.1 % of perforations (82/117) occurred during therapeutic colonoscopies; 54.9 % (62/113) of patients with perforations who were admitted to hospital and in whom data were complete underwent surgery; 26.1 % (30/115) of hospitalized patients left the hospital with a stoma and 19.1 % (22/115) developed post-perforation morbidity. Perforations not detected during colonoscopy were significantly more likely to require surgery (P = 0.03). Diagnostic perforations were significantly more likely to require surgery (P = 0.002) and were associated with higher rates of post-perforation morbidity (P = 0.01). At presentation, the presence of abdominal pain (P = 0.01), a pulse rate > 100 beats per minute (P = 0.049), and a respiratory rate > 20 breaths per minute (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the patient having surgery.
Conclusions This is the largest retrospective observational case series in Europe to describe post-perforation presentation, management, and outcomes. We have confirmed that perforation leads to surgical intervention, stoma formation, and post-perforation morbidity. Perforations not recognized during the colonoscopy were significantly more likely to require surgery. Diagnostic perforations were at greater risk of requiring surgery and developing post-perforation morbidity.
Peripheral Oxytocin Predicts Higher-Level Social Cognition in Men Regardless of Empathy Quotient
Authors: Deuse Lisa , Wudarczyk Olga , Rademacher Lena , Kaleta Peter , Karges Wolfram , Kacheva Stella , Gründer Gerhard , Lammertz Sarah 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction Pharmaceutical oxytocin (OT) administration is being tested as a novel treatment for social deficits in various psychiatric populations. However, little is known about how naturally occurring variation in peripheral OT relates to differences in social cognition. This study investigates whether healthy individuals with very high or very low levels of empathy differ in endogenous OT and whether OT plasma levels can predict performance in a mentalizing task.
Methods 40 healthy men were included based upon their score above the 85th or below the 15th percentile of the empathy quotient inventory 1. Participants’ abilities to interpret social information was assessed via the Social Detection Task 2. Plasma OT levels were analyzed using enzyme immunoassay.
Results OT plasma levels predicted mentalizing performance for more ambiguous social scenes (i. e., difficult items) for all participants. We found no group differences in OT plasma levels between subjects with high and low empathy.
Discussion These findings confirm a link between peripheral OT and the ability to read subtle nonverbal social cues in healthy individuals, which is independent of self-reported empathy.
Reduced Contraction of Blood Clots in Venous Thromboembolism Is a Potential Thrombogenic and Embologenic Mechanism
Authors: Peshkova Alina , Malyasyov Dmitry , Bredikhin Roman , Le Minh Giang , Andrianova Izabella , Tutwiler Valerie , Nagaswami Chandrasekaran , Weisel John , Litvinov Rustem 
Published: March 2018

AbstractContraction (retraction) of the blood clot is a part of the clotting process driven by activated platelets attached to fibrin that can potentially modulate the obstructiveness and integrity of thrombi. The aim of this work was to reveal the pathogenic importance of contraction of clots and thrombi in venous thromboembolism (VTE). We investigated the kinetics of clot contraction in the blood of 55 patients with VTE. In addition, we studied the ultrastructure of ex vivo venous thrombi as well as the morphology and functionality of isolated platelets. Thrombi from VTE patients contained compressed polyhedral erythrocytes, a marker for clot contraction in vivo. The extent and rate of contraction were reduced by twofold in clots from the blood of VTE patients compared with healthy controls. The contraction of clots from the blood of patients with pulmonary embolism was significantly impaired compared with that of those with isolated venous thrombosis, suggesting that less compacted thrombi are prone to embolization. The reduced ability of clots to contract correlated with continuous platelet activation followed by their partial refractoriness. Morphologically, 75% of platelets from VTE patients were spontaneously activated (with filopodia) compared with only 21% from healthy controls. At the same time, platelets from VTE patients showed a 1.4-fold reduction in activation markers expressed in response to chemical activation when compared with healthy individuals. The results obtained suggest that the impaired contraction of thrombi is an underappreciated pathogenic mechanism in VTE that may regulate the obstructiveness and embologenicity of venous thrombi.
Erhöhter Augeninnendruck für 7 Wochen induziert lokale Gefäßveränderungen im experimentellen Glaukommodell in vivo
Authors: Mann Carolina , Anders Fabian , Liu Hanhan , Brockhaus Katrin , Liu Aiwei , Grus Franz H. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Thanos Solon , Prokosch Verena 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Peripapilläre Blutungen sind diagnostisch wegweisend für das Vorliegen des Glaukoms. Dennoch ist die Rolle der Gefäße der Retina und des Sehnervs in der Pathogenese des Glaukoms weitestgehend ungeklärt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, im experimentellen Glaukommodell die lokalen Veränderungen dieser Gefäße auf erhöhten Druck in vivo zu untersuchen.
Material und Methoden Das Glaukom wurde durch Veröden dreier episkleraler Venen des linken Auges von weiblichen Sprague-Dawley-Ratten induziert (n = 6). In vivo erfolgte eine Messung der Gefäßkaliber mittels peripapillärem Scan des SD-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering) als Baseline sowie 7 Wochen nach Augeninnendruckerhöhung. Die Tiere wurden anschließend euthanasiert, Querschnitte des Sehnervs wurden zur Anfärbung der Kapillaren mit Paraphenylendiamin angefertigt. Die kontralateralen Augen dienten als Kontrolle. Die Gefäßkaliber wurden fotografiert und verglichen.
Ergebnisse Der Augeninnendruck zeigte sich signifikant erhöht (p < 0,001). In Querschnitten des Sehnervs zeigte sich die Anzahl der Gefäße nicht signifikant verändert nach erhöhtem Augeninnendruck. Die Kaliber der Gefäße jedoch zeigten 7 Wochen nach Augeninnendruckerhöhung eine signifikante Reduktion (p < 0,001). Das Kaliber der großen retinalen Gefäße war ebenfalls deutlich reduziert um 9,22% (p < 0,05). Die Ergebnisse beziehen sich immer auf das Kontrollauge ohne erhöhten Augeninnendruck.
Schlussfolgerung Die Gefäße der Retina und die Kapillaren des Sehnervs reagieren sensitiv auf erhöhten Druck. Die Antwort der Gefäße kann zeigen, dass vaskuläre Veränderungen im Rahmen der Glaukomerkrankung entstehen und eröffnet somit weitere mögliche Therapieoptionen.
Von der beruflichen Vollqualifizierungsmaßnahme zurück in ArbeitEine Langzeitanalyse individueller Verlaufskarrieren und ihrer biografischen und strukturellen Bedingungen
Authors: Meschnig Alexander , von Kardorff Ernst , Klaus Sebastian 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Studie untersucht den Wiedereinstieg in Arbeit (RTW) nach einer 2-jährigen beruflichen Rehabilitation und fokussiert dabei auf zentrale Bedingungen des Gelingens und auftretende Barrieren. Damit fügt sie sich in die aktuellen rehabilitationswissenschaftlichen Diskussionen zur Frage der Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit von Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA) und ihrer Gestaltung ein.
Ziele Im Kern ging es um die Rekonstruktion bislang wenig untersuchter biografischer Anpassungs- und Neuorientierungsprozesse beim Übergang auf einen neuen Arbeitsplatz nach einer aus gesundheitlichen Gründen gewährten beruflichen Umschulung. Darüber hinaus wurden fördernde und gefährdende Problemlagen und charakteristische Konstellationen im Rückkehr- und Stabilisierungsprozess und daraus abgeleitete zielgruppenspezifische Nachsorgebedarfe identifiziert.
Methode Die Studie folgte einem Mixed-Method-Design. Im quantitativen Teil wurden insgesamt 214 Teilnehmer mittels eines Fragebogens über 3 Zeitpunkte hinweg zu ihren beruflichen Verläufen, zu Veränderungen im Gesundheitsstatus und -erleben, zur sozialen Einbindung und zum Umgang mit ihrer Krankheit befragt. Im qualitativen Teil wurden 30 Fallstudien zu berufsbiografischen Verläufen und Wendepunkten mithilfe episodisch-narrativer Interviews erstellt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt ist es 3 Vierteln der Teilnehmer nach der 2jährigen Umschulung im Zeitraum von 18 Monaten gelungen, in Arbeit zu kommen. Positive Einflussfaktoren für einen Return to Work (RTW) sind insbesondere eine hohe Identifikation mit dem neu erlernten Beruf, ein gelungener Umgang mit en gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen und ihre
Integration der gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen in Beruf und Alltag, eine positive Gesundheitserwartung und die soziale Einbindung. Als besondere Risikokonstellationen zeigten sich fehlende Partnerschaft, nicht abgeschlossene Krankheitsbewältigung und negative Gesundheitserwartungen sowie schwere Erkrankungen und Rückfälle.
An Extreme Meteorological Events Analysis For Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Siting Project at Bangka Island, Indonesia
Authors: Septiadi Deni , B. S Yarianto Sugeng , Sriyana  , Anzhar Kurnia , Suntoko Hadi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The potential sources of meteorological phenomena in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) area of interest are identified and the extreme values of the possible resulting hazards associated which such phenomena are evaluated to derive the appropriate design bases for the NPP. The appropriate design bases shall be determined according to the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (Bapeten) applicable regulations, which presently do not indicate quantitative criteria for purposes of determining the design bases for meteorological hazards. These meteorological investigations are also carried out to evaluate the regional and site specific meteorological parameters which affect the transport and dispersion of radioactive effluents on the environment of the region around the NPP site. The meteorological hazards are to be monitored and assessed periodically over the lifetime of the plant to ensure that consistency with the design assumptions is maintained throughout the full lifetime of the facility.
Probe-fed semi circular microstrip antenna vis-à-vis circular microstrip antenna: a necessary revisit
Authors: Ghosh S K , Varshney S K , Chakraborty S , Singh L L K , Chattopadhyay S 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Microstrip patch antenna of semicircular geometry has been investigated in view of miniaturization of conventional circular geometry. The precise operating frequency of the semicircular microstrip patch antenna is the most significant parameter to be determined in order to design such antenna system to achieve the optimum performance. In the present investigation an improved formulation is presented for accurate determination of the resonant frequency of semicircular patch. Also, the radiation property of such patch is thoroughly investigated. Through comparisons are documented amongst the circular and semicircular patches. It is revealed that, the semicircular patch offers more better radiation performance compared to circular.