bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Profiling of Chondrogenically Induced Multipotent Stromal Cell Aggregates Reveals Transcriptomic and Emergent Morphological Phenotypes Predictive of Differentiation Capacity
Authors: Lam Johnny , Bellayr Ian H. , Marklein Ross A. , Bauer Steven R. , Puri Raj K. , Sung Kyung E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for bone and cartilage tissue repair strategies. However, the functional heterogeneity of MSCs derived from different donors and manufacturing conditions has limited clinical translation, emphasizing the need for improved methods to assess MSC chondrogenic capacity. We used functionally relevant morphological profiling to dynamically monitor emergent morphological phenotypes of chondrogenically induced MSC aggregates to identify morphological features indicative of MSC chondrogenesis. Toward this goal, we characterized the morphology of chondrogenically stimulated MSC aggregates from eight different human cell-lines at multiple passages and demonstrated that MSC aggregates exhibited unique morphological dynamics that were both cell line- and passage-dependent. This variation in 3D morphology was shown to be informative of long-term MSC chondrogenesis based on multiple quantitative functional assays. We found that the specific morphological features of spheroid area, radius, minimum feret diameter, and minor axis length to be strongly correlated with MSC chondrogenic synthetic activity but not gene expression as early as day 4 in 3D culture. Our high-throughput, nondestructive approach could potentially serve as a tool to identify MSC lines with desired chondrogenic capacity toward improving manufacturing strategies for MSC-based cellular products for cartilage tissue repair.
First-In-Human Administration of Allogeneic Amnion Cells in Premature Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Safety Study
Authors: Lim Rebecca , Malhotra Atul , Tan Jean , Chan Siow Teng , Lau Sinnee , Zhu Dandan , Mockler Joanne C. , Wallace Euan M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that mainly affects premature babies who require ventilator support. The pathogenesis of BPD is complex but includes vascular maldevelopment, alveolarization arrest, and lung inflammation. There is no cure for BPD. Clinical care is limited to supportive respiratory measures. A population of stem-like cells derived from placental membranes, human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), has shown therapeutic promise in preclinical models of BPD. With a view to future efficacy trials, we undertook a first-in-human clinical trial of hAECs in babies with BPD to assess the safety of these cells. In a single-center, open-label phase I trial, we administered allogeneic hAECs (1 × 106 per kilogram bodyweight) by intravenous infusion to six premature babies with BPD. The primary outcomes of the study were focused on safety, including local site reaction, anaphylaxis, infection, features of rejection, or tumor formation. Outcomes to discharge from neonatal unit were studied. The hAECs were well tolerated. In the first baby, there was transient cardiorespiratory compromise during cell administration consistent with a pulmonary embolic event. Following changes to cell administration methods, including introduction of an inline filter, and reducing the cell concentration and the rate of cell infusion, no such events were observed in the subsequent five babies. We did not see evidence of any other adverse events related to cell administration. Allogeneic hAECs can be safely infused into babies with established BPD. Future randomized clinical trials to assess efficacy in this patient population are justified.
Recent Advances in Synthesis and Applications of 2D Junctions
Authors: Ma Yang , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Yang Shubin , Gong Yongji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent progress in the methods of integration of 2D materials is reviewed. Integrated 2D circuits are one of the most promising candidates for advanced electronics and flexible devices. Specifically, methods such as mechanical transfer, chemical vapor deposition growth, high temperature conversion, phase engineering, surface doping, electrostatic doping, and so on to fabricate 2D heterostructures are discussed in detail. Applications of these integrated 2D heterostructures in p–n junctions, ohmic contact, high‐performance transistors, and phototransistors are also highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities of methods to integrate 2D materials are proposed.
Study of the Na Storage Mechanism in Silicon Oxycarbide—Evidence for Reversible Silicon Redox Activity
Authors: Dou Xinwei , Buchholz Daniel , Weinberger Manuel , Diemant Thomas , Kaus Maximilian , Indris Sylvio , Behm Rolf J. , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret , Passerini Stefano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSilicon‐based compounds are interesting candidate anode materials but show only relatively low electrochemical performances with sodium. Controversial reports are available about the electrochemical interaction between Na and silicon, which encourage to investigate the mechanism in a silicon‐based material in detail. This study reports the results of a systematic investigation of the electrochemical sodium ion storage in silicon oxycarbide (SiCO) using ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Comparison of pristine and hydrofluoric acid‐etched silicon oxycarbide shows that the silicon oxycarbide is active itself, but not by an alloying process. Instead, results reveal an irreversible structural change and amorphization of SiCO upon the initial sodium uptake and support the existence of reversible insertion‐based reactions in the subsequent cycles.
Posthatch Development of Otoliths and Daily Ring Genesis in Age‐0 Spotted Gars
Authors: Long James M. , Snow Richard A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGars (Lepisosteidae) are increasingly being managed as top‐level predators that are important to overall ecosystem health. Given the paucity of information on early life history for many species, additional early life history data would aid in gar conservation and management. Daily rings in otoliths are useful for determining many early life history parameters, such as growth rates and the date of hatch, but properly interpreting these structures requires additional information on otolith formation. Gars represent an ancient lineage, and their otoliths are unlike those of most teleost fishes, having multiple nuclei and being covered on the surface with very small otoconia. We used computed tomography X‐ray scanning and oxytetracycline (OTC) marking of a series of known‐age fish from hatch through 10–12 d posthatch (dph) to understand the formation of otoliths in the Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus, a species that is of management concern in several parts of its range in North America. The sagittae and lapilli each began as loose associations of otoconia at hatch; they fused and hardened into single crystals by 4 dph, in concert with the transition from attached larvae to free‐swimming juveniles. Asteriscus otoliths were not observed in any of the individuals examined through 12 dph. The OTC marks were not observed on individuals treated at hatch, and variable marks were detected at 1–5 dph. By 6 dph, 100% of individuals exhibited OTC marks on sagittae and lapilli. Daily rings could not be discerned until fish were marked at 4 dph, after which daily age estimates increased linearly with fish age. Results of this study verify that in Spotted Gars, otoliths (sagittae and lapilli) and their daily rings form several days after hatch, in relation to the transition from sessile, attached larvae to free‐swimming juveniles.
Laser‐Induced Fluorometry for Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Kaneta Takashi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLaser‐induced fluorometry (LIF) has achieved the detection of single molecules, which ranks it among the most sensitive of detection techniques, whereas capillary electrophoresis (CE) is known as a powerful separation method with resolution that is beyond the reach of many other types of chromatography. Therefore, a coupling of LIF with CE has established an unrivaled analytical technique in terms of sensitivity and resolution. CE‐LIF has demonstrated excellent performance in bioanalytical chemistry for the high‐resolution separation and highly sensitive detection of DNAs, proteins, and small bioactive molecules. This review describes the CE‐LIF methods developed by the author's group that include indirect and direct detection using diode lasers, post‐column derivatization, and Hadamard transformation, as well as applications to the binding assays of specific DNA immunoassays of proteins and to the determination of anticancer drugs.
Impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from vehicular activities on the ambient air quality of Lagos mega city
Authors: Fakinle Bamidele Sunday , Odekanle Ebenezer Leke , Olalekan Abiodun Paul , Odunlami Olayemi Abosede , Sonibare Jacob Ademola 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn response to the growing concern about the contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vehicular activities in Lagos mega city and their effect on air quality, PAH emissions were estimated using the emission factors approach. To make these estimates, PAH emission factors were calculated from the profile ratio of four PAHs emitted from vehicle sources obtained from the European Environment Agency's emission inventory guidebook, whereas the total number of registered vehicles based on the type of fuel they use for a period of 10 years was obtained from Lagos State Bureau of Statistics. Vehicle emissions were estimated using a combination of individual emission factors, the total number of vehicles in use based on fuel type, and the average mileage covered. The average highest level of emission of PAHs of 3.542 kilograms (kg) for gasoline‐powered vehicles was obtained in 2013, whereas the average lowest level of emission of 2.679 kg was recorded for diesel‐powered vehicles in 2007. In the same manner, 2013 had highest annual average total emission of 6.384 kg, whereas the lowest annual total PAHs emission of 5.727 kg was recorded in 2007. It is therefore advised that effective control measure should be put in place by regulatory agency to prevent personnel exposure to these hazardous substances.
Variation, race, and multiracial identity in linguistic research
Authors: Holliday Nicole R. 
Published: August 2018

What is the relationship between ethnolinguistic communities and ways of speaking? Who is an authentic speaker of an ethnolinguistic variety? In a time where scholarly and public conceptualizations of race and ethnicity are variable and rapidly changing, potential effects on both self‐identification and ways of speaking present an area ripe for study. However, linguistics and allied fields have often overlooked individuals and communities that do not neatly conform to well‐defined racial categories. As multiracially identified individuals are one of the fastest growing demographic groups in the United States, researchers will necessarily need to address the way that traditional methodologies have excluded individuals and groups who fall outside of these racial and ethnic categories. This presents a unique challenge for sociolinguistics in particular, since we are interested in how people draw on linguistic variation to perform aspects of their identities, including their races and ethnicities. This study examines the ways in which race and ethnicity have been traditionally conceptualized in linguistics and allied fields, and draws on research from other social sciences to see how they have begun to study individuals who fall outside of traditionally pre‐existing social categories. The study also briefly discusses the results of one of the first major sociolinguistic studies on multiracially identified participants, which found substantial effects of self‐conceptualization and self‐identification on linguistic behavior of these participants. Finally, it will address future questions and directions for research at the intersection of personal identity, race, and language.This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Evolution of Language
Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
Linguistics > Computational Models of Language
Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Impact of snow on sound propagating from wind turbines
Authors: Conrady Kristina , Sjöblom Anna , Larsson Conny 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe impact of snow on sound propagating from a wind farm in northern Sweden has been investigated. Simultaneous acoustic and meteorological measurements, combined with daily snow observations, have been analysed for the snow season in 2013 to 2014. Such measurements are crucial since significant knowledge gaps exist, especially for conditions in cold climates, in the implementation of atmospheric boundary layer complexity in sound propagation models. The effect of snow on sound propagation is shown to be dependent on the snow quality. Moreover, snow on trees (upplega) also has an influence on sound propagation. Compared with conditions without snow on trees, the average sound level is approximately 2 dBA lower. The effect is more distinct for higher frequencies compared with lower frequencies.
Antisense and yet sensitive: Copy number control of rolling circle‐replicating plasmids by small RNAs
Authors: Pluta Radoslaw , Espinosa Manuel 
Published: August 2018

Bacterial plasmids constitute a wealth of shared DNA amounting to about 20% of the total prokaryotic pangenome. Plasmids replicate autonomously and control their replication by maintaining a fairly constant number of copies within a given host. Plasmids should acquire a good fitness to their hosts so that they do not constitute a genetic load. Here we review some basic concepts in plasmid biology, pertaining to the control of replication and distribution of plasmid copies among daughter cells. A particular class of plasmids is constituted by those that replicate by the rolling circle mode (rolling circle‐replicating [RCR]‐plasmids). They are small double‐stranded DNA molecules, with a rather high number of copies in the original host. RCR‐plasmids control their replication by means of a small short‐lived antisense RNA, alone or in combination with a plasmid‐encoded transcriptional repressor protein. Two plasmid prototypes have been studied in depth, namely the staphylococcal plasmid pT181 and the streptococcal plasmid pMV158, each corresponding to the two types of replication control circuits, respectively. We further discuss possible applications of the plasmid‐encoded antisense RNAs and address some future directions that, in our opinion, should be pursued in the study of these small molecules.This article is categorized under:Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAsRNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
Nest tree use by southern flying squirrels in fragmented midwestern landscapes
Authors: Zweep James S. , Jacques Christopher N. , Jenkins Sean E. , Klaver Robert W. , Dubay Shelli A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTSouthern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans; SFS) nest in naturally formed cavities in snags and hardwoods found in mature, oak (Quercus spp.)–hickory (Carya spp.) forests. Intensive forest fragmentation of the Midwest United States limits the number of available nesting trees. We quantified annual nest‐site selection patterns by southern flying squirrels across fragmented landscapes of west‐central Illinois, USA. We used radiotelemetry to measure nest‐tree use by 55 SFS (30 males, 25 females) captured during 2014–2016. Of 105 nest trees used by SFS, live trees and snags comprised 75% and 25%, respectively. Probability of diurnal nest‐tree use increased 1.08/1.00‐cm increase in diameter‐breast‐height and by 1.50/1‐unit increase in the number of overstory mast trees between random and nest‐tree habitat areas (i.e., 300‐m2 circular plots). Similarly, probability of diurnal nest‐tree use increased 1.29/1‐unit increase in the number of snags between random and nest‐tree habitat areas. Our results revealed no intersexual differences in patterns of nest‐site selection, which may reflect the tendency for SFS to compensate for reduced availability of key structural attributes (i.e., snags, overstory trees) across fragmented forests by exhibiting similar intersexual patterns of nest‐tree use. Use of natural cavities for denning is encouraging, but also underscores the importance of unharvested oak–hickory forests in contributing essential habitat to SFS populations in fragmented Midwestern landscapes. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Ore-bearing fluids of the Eldorado gold deposit (Yenisei Ridge, Russia)
Authors: Gibsher N.A. , Tomilenko A.A. , Sazonov A.M. , Bul’bak T.A. , Khomenko M.O. , Ryabukha M.A. , Shaparenko E.O. , Sil’yanov S.A. , Nekrasova N.A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Eldorado low-sulfide gold–quartz deposit, with gold reserves of more than 60 tons, is located in the damage zone of the Ishimba Fault in the Yenisei Ridge and is hosted by Riphean epidote–amphibolite metamorphic rocks (Sukhoi Pit Group). Orebodies occur in four roughly parallel heavily fractured zones where rocks were subject to metamorphism under stress and heat impacts. They consist of sulfide-bearing schists with veins of gray or milky-white quartz varieties. Gray quartz predominating in gold-bearing orebodies contains graphite and amorphous carbon identified by Raman spectroscopy; the contents of gold and amorphous carbon are in positive correlation. As inferred from thermobarometry, gas chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions in sulfides, carbonates, and gray and white quartz, gold mineralization formed under the effect of reduced H2O–CO2–HC fluids with temperatures of 180 to 490 °C, salinity of 9 to 22 wt.% NaCl equiv, and pressures of 0.1 to 2.3 kbar. Judging by the presence of 11% mantle helium (3He) in fluid inclusions from quartz and the sulfur isotope composition (7.1–17.4‰ δ34S) of sulfides, ore-bearing fluids ascended from a mantle source along shear zones, where they “boiled”. While the fluids were ascending, the metalliferous S- and N-bearing hydrocarbon (HC) compounds they carried broke down to produce crystalline sulfides, gold, and disseminated graphite and amorphous carbon (the latter imparts the gray color to quartz). Barren veins of milky-white quartz formed from oxidized mainly aqueous fluids with a salinity of &lt; 15 wt.% NaCl equiv at 150–350 °C. Chloride brines (&gt; 30 wt.% NaCl equiv) at 150–260 °C impregnated the gold-bearing quartz veins and produced the lower strata of the hydrothermal-granitoid section. The gold mineralization (795–710 Ma) was roughly coeval to local high-temperature stress metamorphism (836–745 Ma) and intrusion of the Kalama multiphase complex (880–752 Ma).
Processes of formation of fluorite–leucophane–melinophane–eudidymite ores of the Ermakovka F–Be deposit (western Transbaikalia)
Authors: Damdinova L.B. , Damdinov B.B. , Bryanskii N.V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fluorite–leucophane–melinophane–eudidymite ores of zone XVIII of the Ermakovka F–Be deposit were studied by geological, mineralogical, and thermobarogeochemical methods. Contents of Be and impurity elements (Li, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, W, and Pb) in fluid inclusions in fluorite of this zone have been first determined by LA–ICP-MS. It is shown that fluorite–leucophane–melinophane–eudidymite ores were formed by alkaline high-F low-salt (6.0–12.5 wt.% NaCl equiv) solutions with a relatively low content of Be (0.0002–1.04 g/kg of solution). Fluorite and beryllium minerals were deposited in ores in a wide range of P–T conditions. The early fluorite–phenakite paragenesis formed at high temperatures (480–650 °C) and high pressures (&gt; 3 kbar). At the late low-temperature stage, phenakite was replaced by Na–Be silicates (eudidymite and melinophane–leucophane) at &lt; 220 °C and &lt; 770 bars. The Be-ore deposition was due to the destruction of a predominant beryllium fluoride–carbonate complex as a result of the crystallization of fluorite during the metasomatic replacement of limestones. Eudidymite and melinophane–leucophane formed at low temperatures under high activity of Na and Ca and low activity of Be and F in highly alkaline solutions.
Capillary processes increase salt precipitation during CO2 injection in saline formations
Authors: Kelly Helena L. , Mathias Simon A. 
Published: August 2018

An important attraction of saline formations for CO2 storage is that their high salinity renders their associated brine unlikely to be identified as a potential water resource in the future. However, high salinity can lead to dissolved salt precipitating around injection wells, resulting in loss of injectivity and well deterioration. Earlier numerical simulations have revealed that salt precipitation becomes more problematic at lower injection rates. This article presents a new similarity solution, which is used to study the relationship between capillary pressure and salt precipitation around CO2 injection wells in saline formations. Mathematical analysis reveals that the process is strongly controlled by a dimensionless capillary number, which represents the ratio of the CO2 injection rate to the product of the CO2 mobility and air-entry pressure of the porous medium. Low injection rates lead to low capillary numbers, which in turn are found to lead to large volume fractions of precipitated salt around the injection well. For one example studied, reducing the CO2 injection rate by 94 % led to a tenfold increase in the volume fraction of precipitated salt around the injection well.
Psycho-social transition to retirement and adjustment to retired life: influence on wellbeing and mental health in retired farmers
Authors: Laberon Sonia , Grotz Catherine , Amieva Hélène , Pérès Karine , Vonthron Anne-Marie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between psycho-social transition to retirement on the wellbeing and mental health of retired farmers through their adjustment to retired life. The sample was taken from the Approche Multidisciplinaire Intégrée cohort, a French prospective study of retired farmers living in rural areas in south-western France. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a sample of 530 participants. The wellbeing and mental health of retirees were investigated through three outcomes: satisfaction with current life, perceived health and depression. Multiple mediator models show that the more retirees consider retirement as a positive event, the better they adapt to the new temporality of their retirement life and the more they feel satisfied with their current life, healthy and less depressed. Acceptance of the end of working life is also a mediator in the perceived health model. These results highlight the centrality of the adjustment to the new temporality induced by retirement. They indicate that the level of this adjustment is linked to how retirement is affectively experienced, regardless of its duration.