bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of antiseizure medication utilization among pregnant people in four Canadian provinces from 1998 to 2023; a study from the Canadian mother-child cohort active surveillance initiative (CAMCCO)
Authors: Peymani Payam , Berard Anick , Winquist Brandace , Kaul Padma , Sheehy Odile , Lavu Alekhya , Leong Christine , Falk Jamie , Delaney Joseph A. , Kowalec Kaarina , Ng Marcus , Ruth Chelsea , Aboulatta Laila , Alessi-Severini Silvia , Dragan Roxana , Derksen Shelley , Barrett Olesya , Shams Golnaz , Eltonsy Sherif 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundEpilepsy management during pregnancy is crucial for both the mother and fetus. The use of antiseizure medications (ASMs) during pregnancy requires careful consideration due to their potential effects on maternal and fetal health.MethodsThis study analyzed trends in ASMs use among pregnant people in four Canadian provinces over 20 years (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Quebec). Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the characteristics of the population, with the frequency and patterns of ASM use estimated throughout each trimester. Linear regression models were developed to analyze yearly patterns of ASM utilization for the overall study population, as well as for people with and without epilepsy.ResultsAmong 1,317,141 pregnant individuals across four provinces, 0.7% had epilepsy. Of the total pregnancies, 1.7% (n = 22,783) were exposed to ASMs, comprising 4,392 from pregnant people with epilepsy (PPWE) and 18,391 from those without epilepsy (PPWOE). Results demonstrated varying trends in ASM usage between provinces, with an overall increase in usage among people without epilepsy in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. ASM use among PPWOE surged significantly in Manitoba (24.2–149.1 per 10,000 pregnant people), Saskatchewan (29.4–107.0 per 10,000), and Alberta (65.7–241.7 per 10,000) (p &lt; 0.05). In Alberta, PPWE’s ASM exposure also rose, from 23.6 in 2008 to 43.0 per 10,000 pregnant people in 2021, while Quebec witnessed a decrease from 59.2 in 1998 to 45.5 per 10,000 pregnancies in 2015. Analysis of ASM use by trimester illustrated a substantial decline among PPWOE from 365 days pre-pregnancy to the third trimester in all provinces. ASM utilization by drug class showcased significant shifts, with second-generation ASMs experiencing a notable rise. Carbamazepine, once prominent, declined, making way for lamotrigine. Regional variations underscore diverse preferences, such as clonazepam’s sustained popularity in Manitoba and Quebec.ConclusionThe study identified increasing trends in ASM use, particularly the increased use of second-generation ASMs, and differences in prescription patterns for pregnant individuals with and without epilepsy. These findings reveal changing ASM use patterns, including increased second-generation ASM use and regional disparities, providing valuable insights into real-world prescription practices.
Effects of football training on cognitive performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review
Authors: Mao Fan , Yin An , Zhao Shan , Fang Qun 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe cognitive development of children and adolescents is crucial for their academic success and overall well-being. Physical activity has been linked to improved cognitive performance, but the specific effects of football training on cognitive function in this population remain unclear. This meta-analytic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of football training on cognitive performance in children and adolescents.MethodsLiterature was searched through PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or crossover designs assessing cognitive performance following football training interventions. Outcome measures included attention, inhibitory control, and working memory. Data synthesis and meta-analysis were performed to determine the overall effect sizes.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 1,574 children and 94 adolescents. Football training demonstrated moderate, statistically significant effects on attention (Hedges’ g = −0.77, p = 0.01), inhibitory control (Hedges’ g = −0.67, p = 0.02), and working memory (Hedges’ g = −0.44, p = 0.03). The findings suggest that football training positively influences cognitive performance in children and adolescents.ConclusionFootball training holds promise for enhancing cognitive function in children and adolescents, particularly in attention, inhibitory control, and working memory. Theoretical frameworks emphasizing environmental enrichment, cardiovascular fitness, and cognitive component skills help elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Future research should explore how football training compares to other sports and assess whether integrative drills that combine cognitive elements with skill practice offer greater cognitive benefits than skill training alone. These insights support the inclusion of football in educational programs to foster cognitive development.
Personality traits and physical activity in patients with gambling disorder attending a rehabilitation center. An observational study
Authors: Fierro Inmaculada , Fernández-Prieto Raúl , Fernández-Parra Alicia , Herrero-Martín Miriam , Herrero Azael J. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveProblem gambling is associated with various negative health behaviors, such as physical inactivity. However, physical activity may also be used as a coping mechanism to manage stress and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate whether personality traits are associated with physical activity levels in individuals attending a rehabilitation center for gambling disorder (GD).MethodsAn observational study was conducted in 71 patients belonging to a Gamblers’ Recovery Association. All of them completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Exploratory Personality Questionnaire-III (CEPER-III) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Comparisons with general population and association between personality traits and physical activity were analyzed.ResultsThe study sample predominantly consisted of male participants (91.5%), with the majority having an educational attainment of compulsory schooling or less (70.4%). Additionally, a substantial proportion of participants exhibited school-related problems (43.7%) and had a history of mental health issues (33.8%). Compared to the general population, individuals in the CEPER-III cohort demonstrated significantly lower scores in the following personality traits: paranoid (p &lt; 0.05), histrionic (p &lt; 0.001), narcissistic (p &lt; 0.001), passive-aggressive (p &lt; 0.05), and sadistic (p &lt; 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the antisocial, borderline, obsessive-compulsive, and self-destructive personality traits were significantly associated (p &lt; 0.05) with the level of physical activity.ConclusionThis study found a link between personality traits and physical activity levels in patients with GD. Gamblers with higher scores on obsessive-compulsive and self-destructive personality traits were more likely to fall into the moderate-high physical activity group. In contrast, those with higher scores on antisocial and borderline personality traits were more likely to be classified in the low physical activity group.
Prevalence of mental disorders and related risk factors in refugees and asylum seekers in Campania
Authors: Giuliani Luigi , Bucci Paola , Bracalenti Raffaele , Giordano Giulia Maria , Conenna Matteo , Corrivetti Giulio , Palumbo Davide , Dell’Acqua Andrea , Piras Federica , Storti Giovanna , Abitudine Verdiana , Di Lieto Roberta , Sandolo Letizia , Schiavitelli Chiara , Mulè Alice , D’Arista Pierpaola , Mucci Armida , Galderisi Silvana 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionIn recent years, the increasing presence of refugees and asylum seekers displaced from their country of origin, determined significant social, economic, humanitarian and public health implications in host countries, including Italy. These populations are exposed to several potential stressful experiences which make them vulnerable to psychological distress. In fact, the majority of studies addressing the topic found a higher prevalence of mental disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder, in refugees and asylum seekers with respect to the general population. However, heterogeneous prevalence rates have been reported among studies, due to methodological factor as well as to the impact of a variety of risk factors related to stressful experiences lived in the country of origin, during the migration journey and in the host country.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the main psychiatric diagnoses in a large group of adult refugees and asylum seekers (N=303) in the reception centers of two provinces of the Campania region, as well as to investigate the impact of potential risk factors on the occurrence of psychiatric disorders.MethodsThe diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and the identification of subjects at high risk to develop psychosis were carried out by means of structured diagnostic interviews. The following variables were explored as potential risk/protective factors to the occurrence of psychiatric disorders: socio-demographic variables, migration status (refugees/asylum seekers) and characteristics of the reception center,assessed by means of an ad hoc questionnaire; cognitive indices assessed by using standardized neuropsychological tests; traumatic experiences and level of political terror in the country of origin, assessed by means of reliable and valid self-report questionnaires.ResultsAt least one mental disorder was found in 29.7% of the sample. Most prevalent diagnoses were depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and PTSD. Women showed, with respect to men, a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders, higher trauma levels, and came from more at-risk countries. Higher trauma levels, better cognitive abilities and unemployment and refugee status were associated to the presence of a current psychiatric disorder in the whole sample.ConclusionsOur findings showed a higher prevalence of depressive disorders and PTSD in the sample of refugees and asylum seekers with respect to the general population and highlighted the role of potential risk factors whose identification may guide the implementation of preventive strategies and early treatments in these people.
Are we doing enough to control infection risk in Australian small animal veterinary practice? Findings from a mixed methods study
Authors: Willemsen Angela , Cobbold Rowland , Gibson Justine , Wilks Kathryn , Reid Simon 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundManaging risk effectively within small animal veterinary practice is integral for staff, patient and client safety. Veterinary personnel are exposed to many risks, including bites, scratches, sharps injuries and exposure to zoonotic diseases and multi-resistant organisms. Patients may also be exposed to healthcare-associated infections, including multi-resistant organisms. While veterinary owners/managers have a duty of care under legislated Workplace Health and Safety requirements, all staff have a responsibility to contribute to assessing and minimizing risk. The application of standard and transmission precautions will help with risk minimization. This study aimed to determine how small animal veterinary staff understand and perceive infection prevention and control risk and to provide recommendations to assist with risk mitigation.MethodsA mixed methods design was used. A digital questionnaire was administered to small animal veterinary staff in Australia to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices of risk related behaviors. Follow up focus groups were conducted with small animal practitioners to explore factors supporting and preventing veterinary staff from implementing recommended practices identified in the questionnaire.ResultsSmall animal veterinary staff acknowledged they participated in many high-risk activities, including recapping needles and eating and drinking in patient care areas. Injuries were common, with 77% of staff receiving a bite or scratch, and 22% receiving a sharps injury in the preceding six months. Less than one in five of these incidents was reported. Staff agreed effective infection prevention and control was the responsibility of all staff, but a designated staff member should take responsibility for managing it. The practice owner/manager was integral to supporting and promoting recommended strategies, contributing to a positive workplace culture and improving safety for staff and patients.ConclusionSmall animal veterinary staff have some understanding of how to identify, report, manage and mitigate risk but were limited by their knowledge of infection prevention and control principles.
Haematological parameters and biochemical indices of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide (Force up®) for 96 hours
Authors: Alarape Selim Adewale , Adeoye Deborah Damilola , Amusa Azeezat Oluwakemi , Adeyemo Olanike Kudirat 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionGeometric aquaculture growth has resulted in exponentially increasing use of agrochemicals as either parasiticides or herbicides in the aquaculture environment. This study determines some of the toxicological (haematological and biochemical) effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on non-target aquatic animals using Clarias gariepinus as the animal model.MethodSeventy-five apparently healthy adult C. gariepinus (300 g) were sourced from a local farmer and acclimatised for 2 weeks; of these, sixty subjects were divided into four treatment groups (fifteen fish per group and five replicates per unit) by simple randomisation and labelled as T0 (control), T1 (first treatment), T2 (second treatment), and T3 (third treatment). The treatments were replicated thrice. Four concentrations of Force up® [0 mL, 0.15 mL (0.003 mL/L or 5.1 mg/L), 0.225 mL (0.0045 mL/L or 7.65 mg/L), and 0.3 mL (0.006 mL/L or 10.2 mg/L) were added to a 50-L tank of water for T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Approximately 5 mL of blood was collected from the fish in each treatment group 96 h post-exposure for measurement of the blood parameters and biochemical indices using standard analytical methods as well as calculation of the mean values.ResultThe mean values of the packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and white blood cell count compared to the control group showed an initial increase at T1 but decreased as the glyphosate concentrations increased at T2 (0.0045 mL/L) and T3 (0.006 mL/L). The platelet mean values decreased at T1, increased at T2, and decreased at T3, while the mean values of the corpuscular volume, corpuscular haemoglobin, and corpuscular haemoglobin concentration increased with glyphosate concentration, with the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration decreasing at T2. Only the platelet value was statistically significant at a p-value of &lt;0.05 using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. The biochemical indices showed decreases in the mean values of aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and triglycerides at T1, increases at T2, and decreases at T3, while the total protein (g/dL), cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase values showed increases at T1 and decreases at T2 and T3. All these values were not statistically significant based on ANOVA and had p-values &gt;0.05.DiscussionBased on the results of this study, it is deduced that glyphosate-based herbicide (Force up®) has genotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects on C. gariepinus even at sublethal doses, with more adverse effects at increasing concentrations.
Enhanced pathogenicity and synergistic effects of co-infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and HoBi-like virus in cattle and guinea pigs
Authors: Cui Hongliang , Ren Baoru , Wang Linglong , Chen Jian , Li Jie , Hu Wei , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1 (BVDV1) and HoBi-like virus (BVDV3), both within the same genus, share genomic homology and exhibit low antigenic cross-reactivity despite presenting similar clinical manifestations. In 2021, a bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) outbreak on two cattle farms in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China resulted in ten fatalities.MethodsMetagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses were used to identify viral agents, including a co-infection case. A genetic evolution analysis assessed the relationships with related strains. Experimental infections in guinea pigs and calves evaluated the pathogenicity of the virusesResultsPhylogenetic analysis of the BVDV3 isolate IM2201 revealed close relatedness to Brazilian strains, with 97.06% nucleotide homology to the highly virulent strain SV478/07. Experimental co-infection in guinea pigs resulted in more severe clinical signs, including fever, cough, diarrhea, and significant pathological changes, and led to a higher mortality rate (40%) compared to no mortality from single-virus infections with BVDV1 or BVDV3. Similarly, co-infected cattle exhibited more severe clinical signs, including bloody diarrhea and rectal temperatures exceeding 40°C, along with persistent viremia and nasal viral shedding from 7 to 21 days post-infection. Blood analysis revealed significant reductions in white blood cell counts, particularly in co-infected cattle.DiscussionThis study highlights the enhanced pathogenicity and synergistic effects of BVDV1 and BVDV3 co-infection, exacerbating disease severity.
Description of Oryzobacter telluris sp. nov., a New Species Isolated from Bank-Side Soil in Seomjin River, South Korea
Authors: Choi Ahyoung , Jang Sumin , Goh Jaeduk 
Published: November 2024

A novel bacterial strain, designated 24SJ04S-52T, was isolated from bank-side soil in the Osucheon Stream of the Seomjin River, Republic of Korea. This strain is aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, and short-rod-shaped, with optimal growth observed at 30 °C, pH 7, and 0% salinity, and growth occurring across a temperature range of 15–37 °C, pH 5–9, and salinity of 0–4%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain 24SJ04S-52T shares 98.3% sequence similarity with Oryzobacter terrae PSGM2-16T. However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 85.0% and 50.1%, respectively, which are well below the species delineation thresholds of 95–96% for ANI and 70% for dDDH, confirming the novelty of this species. Genomic analysis identified a genome size of 3.98 Mb with a G+C content of 72.9 mol%. Functional annotation revealed various genes involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, suggesting metabolic versatility that may support adaptation to nutrient-variable environments. Chemotaxonomic analyses revealed distinctive profiles, including major fatty acids such as C17:1 ω8c, iso-C16:0, and iso-C14:0, with MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol, and the peptidoglycan was of type A4γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. These comprehensive analyses support the classification of strain 24SJ04S-52T as a novel species within the genus Oryzobacter, for which the name Oryzobacter telluris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 24SJ04S-52T (=KACC 23836T = FBCC-B16192T).
Optical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Si/PVP Hybrid Material Combined with Antibiotics
Authors: Yordanova Lilia , Kostova Yoanna , Pavlova Elitsa , Bachvarova-Nedelcheva Albena , Ivanova Iliana , Nenova Elena 
Published: November 2024

Silica–poly (vinylpyrrolidone) hybrid material was prepared using the sol–gel method. Tetramethyl ortosilane (TMOS) was used as a silica precursor. XRD analysis established that the as-prepared material is amorphous. The morphological structure of the final product was determined by the incorporated PVP. The UV–Vis analysis showed that the obtained hybrid exhibited absorption in the ultraviolet range. The antimicrobial activity of the SiO2/15PVP hybrid material was tested on Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC BAA-2162, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in combination with the following antibiotics: Vancomycin for Gram-positive bacteria, Ciprofloxacin for Gram-negative bacteria, and Nystatin for yeast. The results confirmed a concentration-dependent synergistic effect of the antibiotic in combination with the TM15/PVP hybrid particles, especially at their highest concentration of 100 mg/mL on Gram-positive bacteria and for the Gram-negative Salmonella. On Candida albicans ATCC 18804 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCY 21-6-3, the effect was synergistic again, and a fungicidal effect was observed at 6.25 and 1.50 mg/mL for the antibiotic concentration and concentrations of hybrid material at 100 mg/mL. The toxicity on Daphnia magna was also tested. The registered prooxidant activity of SiO2/15PVP shows possible applications at very low concentrations. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of clinical implementations of the newly synthesized hybrid material.
Study of the Pyrolysis of Ayous and Kambala Co-Products: Kinetic Modeling of the Two Species
Authors: Aboni Akodzi Mamoun Clévie , Girods Pierre , Andzi-Barhé Timoléon , Rogaume Yann 
Published: November 2024

A kinetic model based on the two-stage semi-global multi-reaction model of Grioui was developed using the TG and DTG curves for the by-products of Kambala and Ayous. These two tropical species are widely used in the Republic of Congo. The TG and DTG curves were obtained through thermogravimetry at five different heating rates (3, 7, 10, and 20 K/min) up to a final temperature of 800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The thermal decomposition of both species started at similar temperatures, but the profiles exhibited notable differences. Kambala showed a distinct profile with two peaks at approximately 500 °C and 700 °C, which upon further investigation were found to correspond to ash decomposition. Additionally, the shoulder present in Ayous between 250 °C and 300 °C, attributed to hemicelluloses degradation, was absent in the DTG curves for Kambala. The kinetic model for Ayous was formulated in three steps, while the model for Kambala consisted of four steps. Both models accurately predicted the thermal degradation of the wood species, and the resulting kinetic parameters aligned with those reported in the literature.
Antibacterial Activity and Antifungal Activity of Monomeric Alkaloids
Authors: Thawabteh Amin Mahmood , Ghanem Aseel Wasel , AbuMadi Sara , Thaher Dania , Jaghama Weam , Karaman Rafik , Scrano Laura , Bufo Sabino A. 
Published: November 2024

Scientists are becoming alarmed by the rise in drug-resistant bacterial and fungal strains, which makes it more costly, time-consuming, and difficult to create new antimicrobials from unique chemical entities. Chemicals with pharmacological qualities, such as antibacterial and antifungal elements, can be found in plants. Alkaloids are a class of chemical compounds found in nature that mostly consist of basic nitrogen atoms. Biomedical science relies heavily on alkaloid compounds. Based on 241 papers published in peer-reviewed scientific publications within the last ten years (2014–2024), we examined 248 natural or synthesized monomeric alkaloids that have antifungal and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Based on their chemical structure, the chosen alkaloids were divided into four groups: polyamine alkaloids, alkaloids with nitrogen in the side chain, alkaloids with nitrogen heterocycles, and pseudoalkaloids. With MIC values of less than 1 µg/mL, compounds 91, 124, 125, 136–138, 163, 164, 191, 193, 195, 205 and 206 shown strong antibacterial activity. However, with MIC values of below 1 µg/mL, compounds 124, 125, 163, 164, 207, and 224 demonstrated strong antifungal activity. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, these alkaloids are highly significant in regard to their potential to create novel antimicrobial drugs.