bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the longitudinal dynamics of herd BVD antibody test results using model-based clustering
Authors: Eze J. I. , Innocent G. T. , Adam K. , Huntley S. , Gunn G. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDetermining the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) infection status of cattle herds is a challenge for control and eradication schemes. Given the changing dynamics of BVD virus (BVDV) antibody responses in cattle, classifying herds based on longitudinal changes in the results of BVDV antibody tests could offer a novel, complementary approach to categorising herds that is less likely than the present system to result in a herd’s status changing from year to year, as it is more likely to capture the true exposure dynamics of the farms. This paper describes the dynamics of BVDV antibody test values (measured as percentage positivity (PP)) obtained from 15,500 bovines between 2007 and 2010 from thirty nine cattle herds located in Scotland and Northern England. It explores approaches of classifying herds based on trend, magnitude and shape of their antibody PP trajectories and investigates the epidemiological similarities between farms within the same cluster. Gaussian mixture models were used for the magnitude and shape clustering. Epidemiologically meaningful clusters were obtained. Farm cluster membership depends on clustering approach used. Moderate concordance was found between the shape and magnitude clusters. These methods hold potential for application to enhance control efforts for BVD and other infectious livestock diseases.
Yield-Maturity Relationships of Summer Maize from 2003 to 2017 in the Huanghuaihai Plain of China
Authors: Yang Jinzhong , Li Yinchang , Cao Hongbo , Yao Hongliang , Han Wei , Sun Shixian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInformation on yield-maturity relationships is important for maize breeding and cultivation, but it is seldom available in geographic zones where there are limited heat resources for summer maize. Two novel systematic crop yield models were put forward in terms of production efficiency. These models as well as three other conventional models were used to analyze the crop yield and maturity dataset of 23,691 records that were collected from the annual reports for the national summer maize zonal trials conducted in the Huanghuaihai Plain of China during 2003 to 2017. (1) Crop yield increases were usually below 14.5 kg/666.7 m2 due to longer maturity days, varying from 1 d to 15 d increments. Maize hybrids with later maturity fell into five categories: statistically significantly less, not significantly less, the same, not significantly more, or statistically significantly more output than their earlier counterparts. (2) Three yield components acted on crop yield gaps in the order of descending effects as kernel number per ear ≈ 1000-kernel weight > ear number per unit land area. (3) Space production efficiency was more important than canopy volume to crop yield. (4) Time production efficiency was dominant and maturity was negligible in crop yield formation. The findings provide insights into yield–maturity relationships in maize and useful information for summer maize breeding and cultivation strategies.
Characterizing the deep uncertainties surrounding coastal flood hazard projections: A case study for Norfolk, VA
Authors: Ruckert Kelsey L. , Srikrishnan Vivek , Keller Klaus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoastal planners and decision makers design risk management strategies based on hazard projections. However, projections can differ drastically. What causes this divergence and which projection(s) should a decision maker adopt to create plans and adaptation efforts for improving coastal resiliency? Using Norfolk, Virginia, as a case study, we start to address these questions by characterizing and quantifying the drivers of differences between published sea-level rise and storm surge projections, and how these differences can impact efforts to improve coastal resilience. We find that assumptions about the complex behavior of ice sheets are the primary drivers of flood hazard diversity. Adopting a single hazard projection neglects key uncertainties and can lead to overconfident projections and downwards biased hazard estimates. These results highlight key avenues to improve the usefulness of hazard projections to inform decision-making such as (i) representing complex ice sheet behavior, (ii) covering decision-relevant timescales beyond this century, (iii) resolving storm surges with a low chance of occurring (e.g., a 0.2% chance per year), (iv) considering that storm surge projections may deviate from the historical record, and (v) communicating the considerable deep uncertainty.
The effects of spaceflight and fracture healing on distant skeletal sites
Authors: Dadwal Ushashi C. , Maupin Kevin A. , Zamarioli Ariane , Tucker Aamir , Harris Jonathan S. , Fischer James P. , Rytlewski Jeffery D. , Scofield David C. , Wininger Austin E. , Bhatti Fazal Ur Rehman , Alvarez Marta , Childress Paul J. , Chakraborty Nabarun , Gautam Aarti , Hammamieh Rasha , Kacena Melissa A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpaceflight results in reduced mechanical loading of the skeleton, which leads to dramatic bone loss. Low bone mass is associated with increased fracture risk, and this combination may compromise future, long-term, spaceflight missions. Here, we examined the systemic effects of spaceflight and fracture surgery/healing on several non-injured bones within the axial and appendicular skeleton. Forty C57BL/6, male mice were randomized into the following groups: (1) Sham surgery mice housed on the earth (Ground + Sham); (2) Femoral segmental bone defect surgery mice housed on the earth (Ground + Surgery); (3) Sham surgery mice housed in spaceflight (Flight + Sham); and (4) Femoral segmental bone defect surgery mice housed in spaceflight (Flight + Surgery). Mice were 9 weeks old at the time of launch and were euthanized approximately 4 weeks after launch. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to evaluate standard bone parameters in the tibia, humerus, sternebra, vertebrae, ribs, calvarium, mandible, and incisor. One intriguing finding was that both spaceflight and surgery resulted in virtually identical losses in tibial trabecular bone volume fraction, BV/TV (24–28% reduction). Another important finding was that surgery markedly changed tibial cortical bone geometry. Understanding how spaceflight, surgery, and their combination impact non-injured bones will improve treatment strategies for astronauts and terrestrial humans alike.
Dynamic changes in choroidal conditions during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Nagai Norihiro , Suzuki Misa , Minami Sakiko , Kurihara Toshihide , Kamoshita Mamoru , Sonobe Hideki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Uchida Atsuro , Shinoda Hajime , Tsubota Kazuo , Ozawa Yoko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe defined the relationships between initial choroidal conditions and their dynamics and exudative changes during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). One hundred treatment-naïve eyes of 100 patients with PCV treated for 24 months at Keio University Hospital with intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept monotherapy (three injections and PRN thereafter) were retrospectively analyzed. Wet macula risk after three induction injections, which affected visual prognosis, was predicted by initial pachyvessels in the choroid (foveal greatest vertical choroidal vessel diameter [CVD] ≥180 μm) and pachychoroid (central choroidal thickness [CCT] ≥220 μm) recorded by optical coherence tomography. The risk for recurrent exudative change was greater in the pachyvessel groups irrespective of presence or absence of pachychoroid. Mean CVD and CCT decreased with anti-VEGF therapy when achieving a dry macula, suggesting that exudative changes are regulated by VEGF. Mean CVD and CCT at remission were greater in patients with initial pachyvessels and pachychoroid than in those without; the basal levels of CVD and CCT most likely represent VEGF-unrelated conditions. CVD increase preceded CCT increase and recurrent exudative changes, suggesting that the VEGF-related CVD increase may regulate CCT and exudative change; and that CVD may be a biomarker of exudative change.
Distribution of zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 in naturally infected variegated and Prevost’s squirrels
Authors: Petzold Jana , van den Brand Judith M. A. , Nobach Daniel , Hoffmann Bernd , Hoffmann Donata , Fast Christine , Reusken Chantal B. E. M. , van Run Peter R. W. A. , Schlottau Kore , Beer Martin , Herden Christiane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, the zoonotic capacity of the newly discovered variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) was confirmed in humans with a lethal encephalitis. Transmission to humans occurred by variegated and Prevost’s squirrels as presumed reservoir hosts but possible ways of virus shedding and the route of infection still need to be elucidated. Thus, the tissue distribution of VSBV-1 antigen and RNA was investigated in detail via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in six variegated and eight Prevost’s squirrels and by in situ hybridisation (ISH) in one Prevost’s squirrel, respectively. VSBV-1 antigen and RNA positive cells were most numerous in the nervous system and were also found in nearly all tissues and different cell types indicating a broad organ and cell tropism of VSBV-1. Presence of VSBV-1 in several organs might indicate potential virus shedding via various routes and implies the risk of intra- and interspecies transmission, respectively.
Tensor Algebra-based Geometrical (3D) Biomacro-Molecular Descriptors for Protein Research: Theory, Applications and Comparison with other Methods
Authors: Terán Julio E. , Marrero-Ponce Yovani , Contreras-Torres Ernesto , García-Jacas César R. , Vivas-Reyes Ricardo , Terán Enrique , Torres F. Javier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this report, a new type of tridimensional (3D) biomacro-molecular descriptors for proteins are proposed. These descriptors make use of multi-linear algebra concepts based on the application of 3-linear forms (i.e., Canonical Trilinear (Tr), Trilinear Cubic (TrC), Trilinear-Quadratic-Bilinear (TrQB) and so on) as a specific case of the N-linear algebraic forms. The definition of the kth 3-tuple similarity-dissimilarity spatial matrices (Tensor’s Form) are used for the transformation and for the representation of the existing chemical information available in the relationships between three amino acids of a protein. Several metrics (Minkowski-type, wave-edge, etc) and multi-metrics (Triangle area, Bond-angle, etc) are proposed for the interaction information extraction, as well as probabilistic transformations (e.g., simple stochastic and mutual probability) to achieve matrix normalization. A generalized procedure considering amino acid level-based indices that can be fused together by using aggregator operators for descriptors calculations is proposed. The obtained results demonstrated that the new proposed 3D biomacro-molecular indices perform better than other approaches in the SCOP-based discrimination and the prediction of folding rate of proteins by using simple linear parametrical models. It can be concluded that the proposed method allows the definition of 3D biomacro-molecular descriptors that contain orthogonal information capable of providing better models for applications in protein science.
Effect of Time of Day of Infection on Chlamydia Infectivity and Pathogenesis
Authors: Lundy Stephanie R. , Ahmad Tarek , Simoneaux Tankya , Benyeogor Ifeyinwa , Robinson YeMaya , George Zenas , Ellerson Debra , Kirlin Ward , Omosun Tolulope , Eko Francis O. , Black Carolyn M. , Blas-Machado Uriel , DeBruyne Jason P. , Igietseme Joseph U. , He Qing , Omosun Yusuf O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenital chlamydia infection in women causes complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility, but it is unclear why some women are more susceptible than others. Possible factors, such as time of day of chlamydia infection on chlamydial pathogenesis has not been determined. We hypothesised that infections during the day, will cause increased complications compared to infections at night. Mice placed under normal 12:12 light: dark (LD) cycle were infected intravaginally withChlamydia muridarumeither at zeitgeber time 3, ZT3 and ZT15. Infectivity was monitored by periodic vaginal swabs and chlamydiae isolation. Blood and vaginal washes were collected for host immunologic response assessments. The reproductive tracts of the mice were examined histopathologically, and fertility was determined by embryo enumeration after mating. Mice infected at ZT3 shed significantly moreC. muridarumthan mice infected at ZT15. This correlated with the increased genital tract pathology observed in mice infected at ZT3. Mice infected at ZT3 were less fertile than mice infected at ZT15. The results suggest that the time of day of infection influences chlamydial pathogenesis, it indicates a possible association between complications from chlamydia infection and host circadian clock, which may lead to a better understanding of chlamydial pathogenesis.
Genome-wide Phenotypic Profiling Identifies and Categorizes Genes Required for Mycobacterial Low Iron Fitness
Authors: Dragset Marte S. , Ioerger Thomas R. , Zhang Yanjia J. , Mærk Mali , Ginbot Zekarias , Sacchettini James C. , Flo Trude H. , Rubin Eric J. , Steigedal Magnus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIron is vital for nearly all living organisms, but during infection, not readily available to pathogens. Infectious bacteria therefore depend on specialized mechanisms to survive when iron is limited. These mechanisms make attractive targets for new drugs. Here, by genome-wide phenotypic profiling, we identify and categorize mycobacterial genes required for low iron fitness. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), can scavenge host-sequestered iron by high-affinity iron chelators called siderophores. We take advantage of siderophore redundancy within the non-pathogenic mycobacterial model organism M. smegmatis (Msmeg), to identify genes required for siderophore dependent and independent fitness when iron is low. In addition to genes with a potential function in recognition, transport or utilization of mycobacterial siderophores, we identify novel putative low iron survival strategies that are separate from siderophore systems. We also identify the Msmeg in vitro essential gene set, and find that 96% of all growth-required Msmeg genes have a mutual ortholog in Mtb. Of these again, nearly 90% are defined as required for growth in Mtb as well. Finally, we show that a novel, putative ferric iron ABC transporter contributes to low iron fitness in Msmeg, in a siderophore independent manner.
Chirurgie der Trachea
Authors: Volmerig Jan , Hecker Erich 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Chirurgie der Trachea ist ein Spezialgebiet, in dem aufgrund der Vielzahl von
Indikationen und der erweiterten Topografie viele Disziplinen gemeinsam tätig
sind. Nicht nur wegen der besonderen funktionellen Bedeutung, sondern auch wegen
seiner komplexen Morphologie, Anatomie und Physiologie stellt dieses Organ eine
besondere therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Eine Vielzahl von Krankheiten
erfordert chirurgische Eingriffe der Trachea – sowohl die Krankheit selbst als
auch patientenabhängige Parameter beeinflussen die therapeutische Strategie.
Unabhängig von der Art der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung erfordert es eine hohe
Expertise im Luftwegmanagement, eine sorgfältige Diagnose und interventionelle
Planung sowie ein erfahrenes OP-Team mit Beherrschung der erweiterten
Operationstechniken, um gute Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Zur optimalen
Therapieentscheidung ist immer eine multidisziplinäre Bewertung der
individuellen Situation durch den interventionellen Pneumologen, den
Thoraxchirurgen, den Viszeralchirurgen, HNO-Chirurgen und Anästhesisten
erforderlich.
Inzidenz des Glottiskarzinoms bei jungen
Patienten
Authors: Lautermann Jürgen 
Published: August 2019

Bayan S et al. Glottic Carcinoma in Young Patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol
2019; 128: 25S–32S
In jüngster Zeit mehren sich die Hinweise, dass Stimmbandkarzinome ähnlich wie
Oropharynxkarzinome öfter bei nicht rauchenden Patienten mit HPV-Infektionen
auftreten. Darüber hinaus gibt es Beobachtungen, die zeigen, dass
Glottiskarzinom-Patienten wohl jünger sind als in der Vergangenheit
angenommen. HNO-Ärzte der Universität von Chicago bestimmten daher die
Inzidenz des Glottiskarzinoms bei Patienten im Alter von 30 Jahren oder
jünger.
Zeitenwende für die Pflege
Authors: Hug Josef 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung2019 trat das Pflegepersonal-Stärkungsgesetz (PpSG) in Kraft und mit ihm
Untergrenzen, Pflegebudget und Personalquotient. Josef Hug,
Pflegedirektor des Städtischen Klinikums Karlsruhe, berichtet über
Herausforderungen und Chancen.
Keloidbehandlung mit intraläsionaler
Kryochirurgie
Authors: Zouboulis C. C. , Weidmann M. J. , Har-Shai Y. 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Überproduktion veränderter Kollagenfasern und die Überexpression von
Tumor-Growth-Factor-β muss gehemmt werden, um den Wachstumsprozess innerhalb
einer Keloidnarbe zu unterbrechen. Dies kann mit den klassischen
Therapieverfahren kaum gelingen. Die Behandlungsergebnisse der Keloidtherapie
sind nur schwer vorherzusagen und die Rezidivrate liegt meist über 50 %. Darüber
hinaus können einige der eingesetzten Verfahren (z. B. Bestrahlung) zusätzliche
gesundheitliche Risiken verursachen. Die intraläsionale Kryochirurgie bietet
eine seit nunmehr 10 Jahren erprobte Therapiealternative an. Eigene Ergebnisse
von weit über tausend Behandlungen von Patienten mit Keloiden ermöglichen eine
kritische Analyse, um eine Unterscheidung der Keloide, die gut zu behandeln
sind, von denen, die sich für eine Behandlung weniger oder gar nicht eignen,
treffen zu können.
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Adjacent Segment Motion after Ex Vivo Fusion of Equine Third and Fourth Cervical Vertebrae
Authors: Schulze Nicole , Ehrle Anna , Weller Renate , Fritsch Guido , Gernhardt Jennifer , Ben Romdhane Recem , Lischer Christoph 
Published: August 2019

Objective Surgical fusion of vertebral segments is a treatment option for horses with cervical stenotic myelopathy or cervical fracture.Degenerative disease affecting adjacent vertebral segments is a reported complication following surgical vertebral fusion in other species, termed adjacent segment disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cervical vertebral fusion on the biomechanics of adjacent vertebral segments in the horse.
Study Design Neck specimens of 12 horses were assessed using computed tomographic imaging. Range of motion (ROM) was determined by measuring the maximum sagittal flexion, extension and lateral bending between C2 and C5. C3/4 was subsequently fused using a standard locking compression plate and locking head screws and computed tomographic scans and ROM measurements were repeated.
Results Prior to intervertebral fusion, a significant increase in ROM along the vertebral segments from cranial to caudal was observed. Range of motion measurements of C3/4 decreased significantly after fusion (p = 0.01).Range of motion of the adjacent segments (C2/3 and C4/5) did not change significantly after fusion.
Conclusion Fusion of one cervical intervertebral joint did not affect the ROM of the adjacent vertebral segments. Further research investigating the implications of vertebral fusion on the intervertebral pressure in the equine patient is indicated.
Glomuvenous Malformation of the Neck
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salman , Sohail Amir Humza , Hilal Kiran , Maan Muhammad Hassaan Arif 
Published: August 2019

The cells in glomus body regulate blood flow to the skin and play a role in temperature regulation. Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs), previously reported in literature as glomus tumors or glomangiomas, are usually present in the nail bed. In 1972, Carroll and Berman described the triad of paroxysmal stabbing pain, point tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity associated with these malformations.We present an unusual case of GVM in the neck of a 17-year-old female presenting with a painful right-sided neck mass. Physical examination revealed an approximately 2.5 × 2 cm right-sided tender neck mass; pain was exacerbated by probing with a pinhead. Computed tomography identified multiple rounded masses in the neck, with the delayed contrast filling. The patient underwent excisional biopsy of the lesion and samples were sent for histopathological examination.The histopathology report, along with the radiological findings and the clinical presentation, confirmed the diagnosis of GVM. The patient remained symptom-free on long-term follow-up.Despite absence of previous reports, GVM can occur in neck. Surgical excision can lead to complete resolution of symptoms.
Risk perception of arsenic exposure from rice intake in a UK population
Authors: Mondal Debapriya , Mwale Tasila , Xu Lingqian , Matthews Helen , Oyeka Anuli , Lace-Costigan Gemma , Polya David A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the UK, consumption of rice and rice-based products is on the rise but, notwithstanding public expressed concerns about such products as an exposure route for arsenic (e.g., BBC News report, 2017 ‘Should I worry about arsenic in my rice?') there are few, if any published data on public perceptions of risks associated with exposure to arsenic in rice. We therefore aimed to determine the risk perception of arsenic exposure from rice intake and factors that are associated with arsenic knowledge and whether or not this knowledge had an influence on rice consumption and cooking practices. A questionnaire, targeting participation of rice-eating ethnic minorities in Greater Manchester, UK, was administered to 184 participants. A multivariate generalised linear model was used to determine the factors associated with rice consumption behaviour, cooking practices, and risk perception. We show for the first time that the general population did not associate arsenic, which they perceive as toxic to health, with rice consumption. More than half of the participants knew about arsenic as a hazardous substance but less than ten percent knew that rice consumption could be an important route of arsenic exposure. Knowledge of arsenic was significantly lower in Asian/Asian British:Pakistanis (Pakistani) (OR: 0.006; 95% CI:0.00–0.03) and Asian/Asian British:Bangladeshis (Bangladeshi) (OR: 0.064; 95% CI:0.01–0.25) compared to White:English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British (White British). Moreover, Bangladeshis consumed three times more rice (OR: 2.92; 95% CI:1.73–4.93) compared to White British. Overall higher rice consumption was not associated with higher knowledge of the nutritional value of rice. Rinsing rice before cooking, an effective arsenic removal technique, was practised by 93% of the participants; however, the most popular cooking method was the use of adequate water (rice to water ratio of 1:2) but not excess water (rice to water ratio of >1:4), the latter being more effective in removing arsenic. Better education, higher weekly expenditure on food and prior knowledge of arsenic hazard were all significant factors positively influencing a change in behaviour to reduce arsenic exposure from rice intake.