bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eksperimen Produk Dodol Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Melalui Pengolahan Preservatif Guna Meningkatkan Umur Simpan
Authors: AMRULLOH ATHO’ , Umami M. Rizal 
Published: May 2019

Dodol adalah makanan yang terbuat dari tepung beras ketan, santan kelapa dan gula atau dengan penambahan bahan makanan dari bahan lain yang diizinkan. Namun dodol juga dapat dibuat dari berbagai buah, seperti dodol papaya. Selama ini pembuatan dodol menggunakan bahan pengawet agar umur simpan dodol lebih lama. Penelitian ini menggunakan syarat mutu SNI dodol sebagai pembanding sesuai SNI No 01-2986-1992. Penelitian menggunakan faktor teknik penyaringan dengan kain saring lapis 1, 2 dan 3 serta penambahan air dingin dan air panas 800 C. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kain saring lapis 3 dan penambahan air panas 800 C merupakan waktu tercepat, yaitu 24,30 detik dan penggunaan kain saring lapis 1 dan penambahan air dingin merupakan waktu terlama yaitu 134,50 detik dalam proses pemisahan santan. Penambahan gula sebagai bahan pengawet akan mengikat air sehingga menghambat perkembangbiakan organisme pembusuk. Pembuatan dodol pepaya melalui pengolahan preservative memenuhi syarat uji mutu SNI.
Negotiation and Autonomy of the Wives of Former Convicted Terrorists
Authors: Sari Fitria 
Published: May 2019

<p>The discussion on terrorism is currently focused on issues concerning law enforcement efforts, cooperation between defense institutions, analysis of legal policies, and definitions of terrorism. Women (especially wives) are excluded from the process of dialogue and response to terrorism. This study emphasizes the experience and voice of the wives of former convicted terrorists. This article explores the process of upheaval and negotiation from the extremist narratives contained in the logic of thinking as a struggle in the context of self-acceptance and autonomy. This study uses a case study approach with a feminist perspective, and in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The feminist view of Relational Autonomy and the Politics of Piety was chosen as a theoretical framework for analyzing findings. The results of the study indicate that there is an indoctrination from the husband about the teachings of extremism and that the wife experiences a struggle to internalize the teaching. On the other hand, there are also findings that show wives also negotiate with their husbands in carrying out the teachings of extremism. The conclusion of this study shows that the wife's figure experiences the process of constructivism and relational autonomy in the struggle process and its negotiations so far. In addition, the wife can also be seen as an agent to strengthen the spirit of nationalism through the values of tolerance.</p><p> </p>
Care Economy and the Burden of Housewives’ Work in Indonesia
Authors: Sigiro Atnike Nova 
Published: May 2019

<div>Social reproduction role by women are mostly unpaid, which are done in the context of social relation within household or family. In the context of macro economy, care work for family are often overlooked, furthermore are often not being considered as productive work that contribute to the economy. This situation bring overburden to women and the lack of appreciation toward care work in Indonesia. This article was written based on a national survey conducted in 2018 in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The survey measured the care work’s burden of housewives, and public perception towards care economy that are run by housewives in Indonesia.</div><p> </p>
Sky Residual Correction
Authors: Hart Murdock 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The near-infrared is populated by numerous emission lines radiated from the Earth’s atmosphere, and these emission lines are often several orders of magnitude brighter in intensity than the typical astrophysical science target. The subtraction of these emission lines, sky subtraction, can create large systematic errors in ground-based astronomical spectra effectively limiting the number of usable resolution elements. A more effective sky subtraction, and the reduction of the systematic errors due to the sky subtraction process, is a major hurdle which ground-based astronomy must overcome to increase the amount of usable spectrum, and to be able to observe fainter scientific targets. Large high-quality data sets such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in themselves present opportunities for a reduction of the systematic sky subtraction errors through self-calibration. The sky residual correction method of Wild & Hewett is one such self-calibration technique which uses principal component analysis to reduce the systematic sky residual errors present in SDSS spectra. We apply sky residual corrections to the SDSS, Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, and Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment data sets to optimize the number of subtraction components, and to quantify the reduction of the systematic errors in the science spectra. Finally as a proof of concept we use the sky-residual-corrected SDSS luminous red galaxy spectra to search for gravitationally lensed emission line Galaxies.
Hot Plasma in a Quiescent Solar Active Region as Measured by RHESSI, XRT, and AIA
Authors: Ishikawa Shin-nosuke , Krucker Säm 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates a quiescent (nonflaring) active region observed on 2010 July 13 in extreme ultraviolet (EUV), soft X-ray (SXR), and hard X-rays to search for a hot component that is speculated to be a key signature of coronal heating. We use a combination of Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) imaging and long-duration time integration (up to 40 minutes) to detect the active regions in the 3–8 keV range during apparently nonflaring times. The RHESSI imaging reveals a hot component that originates from the entire active region, as speculated for a nanoflare scenario where the entire active region is filled with a large number of unresolved small energy releases. An isothermal fit to the RHESSI data gives temperatures around ∼7 MK with an emission measure of several times 1046 cm−3. Adding EUV and SXR observations taken by AIA and the X-ray Telescope, respectively, we derive a differential emission measure (DEM) that shows a peak between 2 and 3 MK with a steeply decreasing high-temperature tail, similar to what has been previously reported. The derived DEM reveals that a wide range of temperatures contributes to the RHESSI flux (e.g., 40% of the 4 keV emission being produced by plasma below 5 MK, while emission at 7 keV is almost exclusively from plasmas above 5 MK) indicating that the RHESSI spectrum should not be fitted with an isothermal. The hot component has a rather small emission measure (∼0.1% of the total EM is above 5 MK), and the derived thermal energy content is of the order of 10% for a filling factor of unity, or potentially below 1% for smaller filling factors.
Observational Constraints on the Merger History of Galaxies since z ≈ 6: Probabilistic Galaxy Pair Counts in the CANDELS Fields
Authors: Duncan Kenneth , Conselice Christopher J. , Mundy Carl , Bell Eric , Donley Jennifer , Galametz Audrey , Guo Yicheng , Grogin Norman A. , Hathi Nimish , Kartaltepe Jeyhan , Kocevski Dale , Koekemoer Anton M. , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Mantha Kameswara B. , Snyder Gregory F. , Stefanon Mauro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Galaxy mergers are expected to have a significant role in the mass assembly of galaxies in the early universe, but there are very few observational constraints on the merger history of galaxies at z > 2. We present the first study of galaxy major mergers (mass ratios <1:4) in mass-selected samples out to z ≈ 6. Using all five fields of the Hubble Space Telescope/CANDELS survey and a probabilistic pair-count methodology that incorporates the full photometric redshift posteriors and corrections for stellar mass completeness, we measure galaxy pair-counts for projected separations between 5 and 30 kpc in stellar mass selected samples at 9.7 < log10(M
⋆/M
⊙) < 10.3 and log10(M
⋆/M
⊙) > 10.3. We find that the major merger pair fraction rises with redshift to z ≈ 6 proportional to (1 + z)
m
, with m = 0.8 ± 0.2 (m = 1.8 ± 0.2) for log10(M
⋆/M
⊙) > 10.3 (9.7 < log10(M
⋆/M
⊙) < 10.3). Investigating the pair fraction as a function of mass ratio between 1:20 and 1:1, we find no evidence for a strong evolution in the relative numbers of minor to major mergers out to z < 3. Using evolving merger timescales, we find that the merger rate per galaxy (

) rises rapidly from 0.07 ± 0.01 Gyr−1 at z < 1 to 7.6 ± 2.7 Gyr−1 at z = 6 for galaxies at log10(M
⋆/M
⊙) > 10.3. The corresponding comoving major merger rate density remains roughly constant during this time, with rates of Γ ≈ 10−4 Gyr−1 Mpc−3. Based on the observed merger rates per galaxy, we infer specific mass accretion rates from major mergers that are comparable to the specific star formation rates for the same mass galaxies at z > 3 - observational evidence that mergers are as important a mechanism for building up mass at high redshift as in situ star formation.
Luminosity Ratio between [O iv] 25.89 μm Line and Nuclear Continuum 12 μm as a Diagnostic for “Buried” AGNs
Authors: Yamada Satoshi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tanimoto Atsushi , Kawamuro Taiki , Imanishi Masatoshi , Toba Yoshiki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We propose new diagnostics that utilize the [O iv] 25.89 μm and nuclear (subarcsecond scale) 12 μm luminosity ratios for identifying whether an active galactic nucleus (AGN) is deeply “buried” in their surrounding materials. Utilizing a sample of 16 absorbed AGNs at redshifts lower than 0.03 in the Swift/BAT catalog observed with Suzaku, we find that AGNs with small scattering fractions (<0.5%) tend to show weaker [O iv]-to-12 μm luminosity ratios than the average of Seyfert 2 galaxies. This suggests that this ratio is a good indicator for identifying buried AGNs. Then, we apply this criterion to 23 local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) in various merger stages hosting AGNs. We find that AGNs in most mid- to late-stage mergers are buried, while those in earlier-stage ones (including nonmerger) are not. This result suggests that the fraction of buried AGNs in U/LIRGs increases as the galaxy–galaxy interaction becomes more significant.
When Does the Onset of Multiple Stellar Populations in Star Clusters Occur? Detection of Enriched Stellar Populations in NGC 2121
Authors: Li Chengyuan , de Grijs Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Star-to-star light-element abundance variations, known as multiple stellar populations (MPs), are common in almost all Galactic globular clusters. Recently, MPs have also been detected in a number of massive clusters with ages in excess of 2 Gyr in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), thus indicating that age is likely a control parameter for the presence of MPs. However, to conclusively confirm this notion, additional studies of star clusters in the LMC’s “age gap” of 3–6 Gyr are required. Here, we use Hubble Space Telescope observations to study the 3 Gyr old cluster NGC 2121. Compared with so-called “simple” stellar population models, the cluster’s red-giant branch exhibits an apparent spread in a specific color index that is sensitive to intrinsic chemical spreads. The observed spread can be explained by an intrinsic spread in nitrogen abundance of ∼0.5–1.0 dex. NGC 2121 has a comparable mass to its younger counterparts without MPs, indicating that cluster mass might not be the dominant parameter controlling the presence of MPs. The transition phase between the occurrence of clusters with or without MPs seems to occur at ages of 2–3 Gyr, indicating that cluster age may play a dominant role in the establishment of MPs.
Molecular Gas Properties in the Host Galaxy of GRB 080207
Authors: Hatsukade Bunyo , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Kohno Kotaro , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Ohta Kouji , Niino Yuu , Tamura Yoichi , Tóth L. Viktor 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present the results of CO(1–0) and CO(4–3) observations of the host galaxy of a long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 080207 at z = 2.0858 by using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The host is detected in CO(1–0) and CO(4–3), becoming the first case for a gamma-ray burst (GRB) host with more than two CO transitions detected combined with CO(2–1) and CO(3–2) in the literature. Adopting a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor, we derive a molecular gas mass of M
gas = 8.7 × 1010
M
⊙, which places the host in a sequence of normal star-forming galaxies in an M
gas–star formation rate (SFR) plane. A modified blackbody fit to the far-infrared–millimeter photometry results in a dust temperature of 37 K and a dust mass of M
dust = 1.5 × 108
M
⊙. The spatially resolved CO(4–3) observations allow us to examine the kinematics of the host. The CO velocity field shows a clear rotation and is reproduced by a rotation-dominated disk model with a rotation velocity of 350 km s−1 and a half-light radius of 2.4 kpc. The CO spectral line energy distribution derived from the four CO transitions is similar to that of starburst galaxies, suggesting a high excitation condition. Comparison of molecular gas properties between the host and normal (main-sequence) galaxies at similar redshifts shows that they share common properties such as gas mass fraction, gas depletion timescale, gas-to-dust ratio, location in the M
gas–SFR (or surface density) relation, and kinematics, suggesting that long-duration GRBs can occur in normal star-forming environments at z ∼ 2.
Damping of Propagating Kink Waves in the Solar Corona
Authors: Tiwari Ajay K. , Morton Richard J. , Régnier Stéphane , McLaughlin James A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Alfvénic waves have gained renewed interest since the existence of ubiquitous propagating kink waves were discovered in the corona. It has long been suggested that Alfvénic waves play an important role in coronal heating and the acceleration of the solar wind. To this effect, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms that enable their energy to be transferred to the plasma. Mode conversion via resonant absorption is believed to be one of the main mechanisms for kink wave damping and it is considered to play a key role in the process of energy transfer. This study examines the damping of propagating kink waves in quiescent coronal loops using the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter. A coherence-based method is used to track the Doppler velocity signal of the waves, which enables us to investigate the spatial evolution of velocity perturbations. The power ratio of outward to inward propagating waves is used to estimate the associated damping lengths and quality factors. To enable accurate estimates of these quantities, we provide the first derivation of a likelihood function suitable for fitting models to the ratio of two power spectra obtained from discrete Fourier transforms. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to fit an exponential damping model to the observed variation in power ratio as a function of frequency. We confirm earlier indications that propagating kink waves are undergoing frequency-dependent damping. Additionally, we find that the rate of damping decreases, or equivalently the damping length increases, for longer coronal loops that reach higher in the corona.
VLT/X-Shooter Survey of BAL Quasars: Large Distance Scale and AGN Feedback
Authors: Xu Xinfeng , Arav Nahum , Miller Timothy , Benn Chris 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We conducted a survey of quasar outflows using the Very Large Telescope/X-Shooter spectrograph. When choosing the 14 broad absorption line (BAL) and mini-BALs comprising this sample, the data did not cover the S iv and S iv* troughs, whose ratio can be used to determine the distance of the outflows from the central source (R). Therefore, this “Blind Survey” is unbiased toward a particular distance scale. Out of the eight outflows where R can be measured, six have R > 100 pc (spanning the range 100–4500 pc), one has R > 10 pc, and only one (at R < 40 pc) is compatible with a much smaller R scale. At least two of the outflows have a kinetic luminosity greater than 0.5% of their Eddington luminosity, implying that they are able to provide significant active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The outflows span a range of 0 to −10,000 km s−1 in velocity, total column density between 1020.1 and 1022.6 cm−2, ionization parameter (

) in the range 0.01–1, and electron number density between 103.2 and 105.4 cm−3, with one upper and one lower limit. The results of this survey can be extrapolated to the majority of BAL outflows, implying that most of these outflows are situated far away from the AGN accretion disk, and that a significant portion of them can contribute to AGN feedback processes.
Optimal Search Strategy for Finding Transients in Large-sky Error Regions under Realistic Constraints
Authors: Rana Javed , Anand Shreya , Bose Sukanta 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In order to identify the rapidly fading, optical transient counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) sources, an efficient follow-up strategy is required. Since most ground-based optical telescopes aimed at following up GW sources have a small field of view (FOV) as compared to the GW sky error region, we focus on a search strategy that involves dividing the GW patch into tiles of the same area as the telescope FOV to strategically image the entire patch. We present an improvement over the optimal algorithm outlined in Rana et al. by factoring in the effects of air mass, telescope slew, and setting constraints into the scheduling algorithm in order to increase the chances of identifying the GW counterpart. We propose two separate algorithms: the air-mass-weighted algorithm, a solution to the Hungarian algorithm that maximizes probability acquired while minimizing the image air mass, and the slew-optimization algorithm that minimizes the overall slew angle within the observation schedule using the traveling salesman algorithm. We simulate hundreds of telescope-patch configurations to test the performance of our algorithms. Our results indicate that slew optimization can reduce the cumulative slew angle by hundreds of degrees, saving minutes of observation time without any loss of probability. Further, we demonstrate that, as compared to the greedy algorithm, the air-mass-weighted algorithm can acquire up to 20% more probability and 30 deg2 more in areal coverage for skymaps of all sizes and configurations. Our analysis can be straightforwardly extended to optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts, as well as to other telescopes or sites.
Reverberation Mapping of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy I Zwicky 1: Black Hole Mass
Authors: Huang Ying-Ke , Hu Chen , Zhao Yu-Lin , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Lu Kai-Xing , Wang Kai , Zhang Yue , Du Pu , Li Yan-Rong , Bai Jin-Ming , Ho Luis C. , Bian Wei-Hao , Yuan Ye-Fei , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report results of the first reverberation mapping campaign of I Zwicky 1 during 2014–2016, which showed unambiguous reverberations of the broad Hβ line emission in the varying optical continuum. From analysis using several methods, we obtain a reverberation lag of

. Taking a virial factor of

, we find a black hole mass of

from the mean spectra. The accretion rate is estimated to be

, suggesting a super-Eddington accretor, where L
Edd is the Eddington luminosity and c is the speed of light. By decomposing Hubble Space Telescope images, we find that the stellar mass of the bulge of its host galaxy is

. This leads to a black hole to bulge mass ratio of ∼10−4, which is significantly smaller than that of classical bulges and elliptical galaxies. After subtracting the host contamination from the observed luminosity, we find that I Zw 1 follows the empirical

relation.
A Machine-learning Data Set Prepared from the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory Mission
Authors: Galvez Richard , Fouhey David F. , Jin Meng , Szenicer Alexandre , Muñoz-Jaramillo Andrés , Cheung Mark C. M. , Wright Paul J. , Bobra Monica G. , Liu Yang , Mason James , Thomas Rajat 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a curated data set from the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission in a format suitable for machine-learning research. Beginning from level 1 scientific products we have processed various instrumental corrections, down-sampled to manageable spatial and temporal resolutions, and synchronized observations spatially and temporally. We illustrate the use of this data set with two example applications: forecasting future extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Variability Experiment (EVE) irradiance from present EVE irradiance and translating Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager observations into Atmospheric Imaging Assembly observations. For each application, we provide metrics and baselines for future model comparison. We anticipate this curated data set will facilitate machine-learning research in heliophysics and the physical sciences generally, increasing the scientific return of the SDO mission. This work is a direct result of the 2018 NASA Frontier Development Laboratory Program. Please see the Appendix for access to the data set, totaling 6.5TBs.
L’usine d’alumine de Gardanne, du local au global, 1893-2018. La mondialisation continue ?
Authors: Mioche Philippe 
Published: May 2019

Depuis ses origines, l’usine d’alumine de Gardanne s’inscrit dans un environnement international, d’abord celui du nouveau système technique de l’industrie naissante de l’aluminium, puis celui des marchés au sein desquels évolue le site, marchés très tôt organisés par quelques producteurs d’envergure mondiale. Une nouvelle étape de cette mondialisation est franchie au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Gardanne essaime alors de par le monde, participant ainsi à la politique d’internationalisation du groupe Pechiney. Pour cela, elle se dote d’un centre de recherche sur l’alumine ainsi que d’un service d’ingénierie. Une troisième étape intervient au début des années 2000, placée sous le signe de la mondialisation « financière ». Pechiney passe alors dans le giron du Canadien Alcan, avant que celui-ci ne soit absorbé par l’Anglo-Australien Rio Tinto. Cette période se traduit par une certaine volatilité des capitaux ; en 2012, Gardanne passe entre les mains d’un fonds d’investissement qui crée la société Alteo afin d’en assurer l’exploitation. Dans cette nouvelle donne internationale, l’usine provençale se spécialise dans des alumines de haute technologie et parachève l’évolution entreprise au profit de l’excellence.
Bâti, patrimoine, industrie et identité : étude croisée de deux anciennes sociétés usinières Pechiney
Authors: Combal Cécile 
Published: May 2019

Cette étude porte sur deux territoires aluminiers désindustrialisés : la commune de l’Argentière-la-Bessée située dans les Hautes-Alpes, et celle de Livet-et-Gavet située en Isère. Aprés des décennies de présence sur leurs sols, Pechiney ferme les sites de l’Argentière et de Rioupéroux au cours des années 1980-1990. Le départ de l’industriel affecte profondément les organisations sociales locales vouées depuis des décennies à la production aluminière. Face à la nécessité de se reconvertir et de se reconstruire, la question du rapport au passé industriel émerge. Les deux exemples abordés dans cette étude permettent d’analyser les processus, les acteurs et les enjeux mémoriaux et patrimoniaux que connaissent les deux communes alpines. À L’Argentière-la-Bessée, la mémoire ouvrière de l’aluminium conduit à de nombreuses actions de mise en valeur et de conservation participant à la reconversion du territoire et à la reconfiguration de l’identité locale. À Livet-et-Gavet, cette mémoire ouvrière est, dans un premier temps, invisibilisé par une approche techniciste et une mise en patrimoine de l’histoire des activités productives à l’échelle valléenne. Elle connaît aujourd’hui un renouveau par le biais de récentes démarches ancrées au sein du territoire communal.