bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Het nieuwe Belgisch Burgerlijk Wetboek; een slag bij Waterloo? Over het nieuwe contractenrecht van onze zuiderburen
Authors: Keirse A.L.M. , Duyster J.C. 
Published: September 2018

Het nieuwe Belgisch Burgerlijk Wetboek; een slag bij Waterloo? Over het nieuwe contractenrecht van onze zuiderburen
Er komt een Nieuw Belgisch Burgerlijk Wetboek aan. Tot op heden hanteert België nog een minimaal aangepaste versie van de Code Civil Napoléon uit 1804. De bejaarde leeftijd van het wetboek laat zich echter op meerdere fronten gevoelen, waardoor de wetgever de tijd nu rijp acht om het Burgerlijk Wetboek te hervormen. Het Voorontwerp Boek 5 «Verbintenissen» komt in de hervorming van het Belgische burgerlijk recht een centrale plaats toe. Het zal mogelijk worden ingevoerd zonder dat wordt gewacht op de voltooiing van de andere onderdelen van het wetboek. Voor het contractenrecht betekent dit dat een nieuw evenwicht wordt gezocht tussen de autonomie van partijen en de mogelijkheden voor de rechter om op te treden in het algemeen belang of in het belang van de zwakkere partij. Deze bijdrage belicht de achtergrond van het Voorontwerp, alsook de redenen en doelstellingen van de hercodificatie. Daarbij wordt ook ingezoomd op de inhoud van het nieuwe Belgische contractenrecht en worden enkele belangrijke wijzigingen besproken.
NutriDia Brasil: A atuação de um hospital de ensino nos anos de 2015 e 2016
Authors: Tatsch Carina Garcia , Fischer Maiara De Queiroz , Dalmonte Katiane Schmitt , Baelz Katiele , Poll Fabiana Assmann , Antunes Carolina Testa 
Published: September 2018

Descrever o estado nutricional, aspectos relacionados ao consumo alimentar e desfecho clínico de pacientes da enfermaria e UTI de um hospital de ensino integrante do NutriDia Brasil nos anos de 2015 e 2016. Aplicou-se o questionário do projeto Nutrition Day em 75 pacientes. Na enfermaria em 2015, 50,0% dos pacientes apresentavam eutrofia, entretanto, em 2016, 46,2% dos adultos estavam em sobrepeso e 50% dos idosos eutróficos, e em ambos os anos a maioria se alimentava via oral. Na UTI, em 2015, encontramos os mesmos percentuais de adultos com eutrofia ou excesso de peso, já 40% dos idosos em magreza ou eutrofia. Em 2016, 50% dos adultos estavam eutróficos e 66,7% dos idosos apresentavam excesso de peso. A via de alimentação predominante foi a enteral, em ambos os anos. Concluiu-se que houve predomínio de eutrofia e excesso de peso, na enfermaria prevaleceu a via oral e na UTI a via enteral.Palavras-chaves: avaliação nutricional, dieta, estado nutricional.
Polarização de linfócitos: Relevância fisiopatológica de Th9 e Th17
Authors: Degasperi Giovanna Rosa , Camargo Ricardo Cunha , Ribeiro Taynara Cristina Silva , Rodrigues Thais Costa Reis , Barille Giovanna 
Published: September 2018

A polarização de células TCD4+ é um dos mecanismos mais importantes da resposta imunológica. Cada um dos subtipos ou padrões de células são originados a partir da polarização decorrente da interação de células TCD4+ naives com antígenos apresentados por células apresentadoras de antígenos. A expressão de determinados fatores de transcrição e a produção de interleucinas específicas constituem a identidade de cada um deles. Além de Th1 e Th2 já comumente descritos, o papel das polarizações Th17 e Th9 se mostram cada vez mais presentes na fisiopatologia de diversas doenças e constituem um caminho promissor para traçar possíveis estratégias terapêuticas.
Aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares de Canoas / RS
Authors: Vian Fernando , Pedretti Augusto , Gaya Adroaldo , Reis Gaya Anelise , Volkweis Junior José Miguel 
Published: September 2018

A aptidão física deve ser considerada como um marcador de saúde já na infância e adolescência, reforçando a necessidade de incluir testes de aptidão física em sistemas de monitoramento da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aptidão física relacionada à saúde (ApFRS) de jovens de uma Escola do município de Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo 85 crianças e adolescentes de nove a 15 anos de ambos os gêneros. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar a ApFRS foi os testes propostos pelo Projeto Esporte Brasil (IMC, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ApC), flexibilidade (FLEX), força/ resistência muscular localizada (FML). Observamos que aproximadamente ¼ das crianças e adolescentes estão na zona de risco à saúde, quadro este que merece atenção por parte dos Professores de Educação Física escolar. Dentre as variáveis avaliadas, se destaca a baixa ApC observada, em que as meninas possuem desempenho inferior aos meninos (56 vs. 79%, respectivamente) e também aos valores de IMC em que ⅓ deles estão na ZR.
Validation du cadre de référence PIEA des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages en classe dans une approche par compétences selon la perception d’étudiants du collégial 1
Authors: Talbot Nadine , Raîche Gilles 
Published: September 2018

Au Québec, les réformes scolaires instaurées entre 1986 et 2004 aux différents ordres d’enseignement visent principalement le développement de compétences au lieu de l’atteinte d’objectifs d’apprentissage. Cette transition a causé des changements dans les pratiques pédagogiques. Ainsi, la connaissance des pratiques pédagogiques, et de fait des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages, pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre la réalité vécue dans les classes. Proposé par Raîche (2006), le cadre de référence PIEA énonce les caractéristiques suivantes des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages en classe : la planification, l’intégration, l’équité et l’authenticité. L’objectif spécifique de cette recherche était de déterminer si les caractéristiques du modèle PIEA se retrouvent dans les caractéristiques perçues des pratiques d’évaluation des apprentissages en classe par des étudiants du collégial. Un échantillon de 1975 étudiants inscrits dans des programmes techniques et préuniversitaires d’études collégiales québécois a répondu à un questionnaire constitué de 24 items. Les données ainsi obtenues ont été traitées à l’aide d’une analyse factorielle exploratoire. Les analyses menées pour déterminer le nombre de dimensions à retenir et explorer les diverses solutions factorielles ont permis d’identifier un modèle à quatre facteurs fortement corrélés entre eux associés aux caractéristiques proposées par le modèle PIEA, mais toutefois pas exactement les mêmes.
Relationship Between Anxiety and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Vissicchio Nicholas A. , Altaras Caroline , Parker Amanda , Schneider Shonna , Portnoy Jeffrey G. , Archetti Roseanne , Stimmel Marnina , Foley Frederick W. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
Anxiety, which is very prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) but understudied, has been shown to negatively affect cognition in many different populations. Slowed information processing speed underlies most cognitive impairments in MS, including verbal learning. The aim of this study was to look at how anxiety influences cognition—specifically processing speed and verbal learning—in MS.

Methods:
Eligibility criteria were adults (≥18 years) who had a diagnosis of clinically definite MS and had participated in neuropsychological research projects. A retrospective medical record review was conducted on the neuropsychological testing data. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to determine the unique contributions of processing speed and anxiety on verbal learning in MS, after adjusting for demographic and disability variables. Two separate mediation analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between processing speed, verbal learning, and anxiety.

Results:
Participants (N = 141) ranged in age from 18–91 years. Based on the multiple regression analyses, processing speed (β = 0.55, ΔR2 = 0.27, P &lt; .001) and anxiety (β = −0.34, ΔR2 = 0.11, P &lt; .001) were uniquely significant predictors of verbal learning. Based on the mediation analyses, there was a significant indirect effect of anxiety on verbal learning through processing speed (ab = −0.31, 95% CI = −0.60 to −0.09). There was also a significant indirect effect of processing speed on verbal learning through anxiety (ab = −0.05, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.12).

Conclusions:
Results suggest a bidirectional relationship of anxiety and processing speed on verbal learning in MS. Anxiety has a significant effect on cognition and should not be overlooked. Interventions targeting anxiety may improve cognition in MS.
Growth and feeding of deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa from the California margin under simulated ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Gómez Carlos E. , Wickes Leslie , Deegan Dan , Etnoyer Peter J. , Cordes Erik E. 
Published: September 2018

The global decrease in seawater pH known as ocean acidification has important ecological consequences and is an imminent threat for numerous marine organisms. Even though the deep sea is generally considered to be a stable environment, it can be dynamic and vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances including increasing temperature, deoxygenation, ocean acidification and pollution. Lophelia pertusa is among the better-studied cold-water corals but was only recently documented along the US West Coast, growing in acidified conditions. In the present study, coral fragments were collected at ∼300 m depth along the southern California margin and kept in recirculating tanks simulating conditions normally found in the natural environment for this species. At the collection site, waters exhibited persistently low pH and aragonite saturation states (Ωarag) with average values for pH of 7.66 ± 0.01 and Ωarag of 0.81 ± 0.07. In the laboratory, fragments were grown for three weeks in “favorable” pH/Ωarag of 7.9/1.47 (aragonite saturated) and “unfavorable” pH/Ωarag of 7.6/0.84 (aragonite undersaturated) conditions. There was a highly significant treatment effect (P < 0.001) with an average% net calcification for favorable conditions of 0.023 ± 0.009% d−1 and net dissolution of −0.010 ± 0.014% d-1 for unfavorable conditions. We did not find any treatment effect on feeding rates, which suggests that corals did not depress feeding in low pH/ Ωarag in an attempt to conserve energy. However, these results suggest that the suboptimal conditions for L. pertusa from the California margin could potentially threaten the persistence of this cold-water coral with negative consequences for the future stability of this already fragile ecosystem.
A prognostic mRNA expression signature of four 16q24.3 genes in radio(chemo)therapy‐treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Wintergerst Ludmila , Selmansberger Martin , Maihoefer Cornelius , Schüttrumpf Lars , Walch Axel , Wilke Christina , Pitea Adriana , Woischke Christine , Baumeister Philipp , Kirchner Thomas , Belka Claus , Ganswindt Ute , Zitzelsberger Horst , Unger Kristian , Hess Julia 
Published: September 2018

Previously, we have shown that copy number gain of the chromosomal band 16q24.3 is associated with impaired clinical outcome of radiotherapy‐treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We set out to identify a prognostic mRNA signature from genes located on 16q24.3 in radio(chemo)therapy‐treated HNSCC patients of the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas, n = 99) cohort. We applied stepwise forward selection using expression data of 41 16q24.3 genes. The resulting optimal Cox‐proportional hazards regression model included the genes APRT, CENPBD1, CHMP1A, and GALNS. Afterward, the prognostic value of the classifier was confirmed in an independent cohort of HNSCC patients treated by adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy (LMU‐KKG cohort). The signature significantly differentiated high‐ and low‐risk patients with regard to overall survival (HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.10–3.70; P = 0.02125), recurrence‐free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.01–3.34; P = 0.04206), and locoregional recurrence‐free survival (HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.03–3.40; P = 0.03641). The functional impact of the four signature genes was investigated after reconstruction of a gene association network from transcriptome data of the TCGA HNSCC cohort using a partial correlation approach. Subsequent pathway enrichment analysis of the network neighborhood (first and second) of the signature genes suggests involvement of HNSCC‐associated signaling pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle, cell adhesion, EGFR, JAK‐STAT, and mTOR. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the first neighborhood revealed a cluster of co‐expressed genes located on chromosome 16q, substantiating the impact of 16q24.3 alterations in poor clinical outcome of HNSCC. The reported gene expression signature represents a prognostic marker in HNSCC patients following postoperative radio(chemo)therapy.
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems with Markov jumping parameters
Authors: He Miao , Li Junmin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper aims to investigate the problem of event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with Markov jumping parameters. Since the stochastic system contains unknown parameters, the assumption of the stochastic input‐to‐state stability is a difficult task to check. To overcome the design difficulty, mode‐dependent adaptive controllers and the event‐triggered strategy are designed simultaneously with the help of backstepping technique. The stochastic input‐to‐state stability assumption is avoided by adding correction terms in controller to compensate the measurement errors. The proposed control schemes guarantee that all signals in the closed‐loop system remain bounded in probability and the tracking error signals eventually converge to the compact set in the sense of mean quartic value. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Rich‐Mixed‐Valence NixCo3−xPy Porous Nanowires Interwelded Junction‐Free 3D Network Architectures for Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density Supercapacitors
Authors: Song Weijie , Wu Juan , Wang Gengjie , Tang Shaochun , Chen Gang , Cui Mingjin , Meng Xiangkang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein, novel phosphide composites (NixCo3−xPy) are reported with well‐defined hexagonal thin‐plate morphology and a hieratically porous but robust junction‐free 3D network constructed by interwelding porous NWs, which are achieved by first synthesizing 2D Ni‐Co precursors with tunable Ni/Co molar ratios and top‐down etching, followed by phosphorization. Owing to enhanced electron/ion transfer, increased availability of active sites/interfaces, rich mixed valences of bimetals and P, and strong intercomponent synergy, the optimized NiCoP‐CoP shows a specific capacitance reaching 1969 F g−1, much larger than those of Ni‐Co sulfides and other similar phosphides. An asymmetric supercapacitor employing the advanced NiCoP‐CoP as positive electrode exhibits a remarkable cycling stability with 93% retention after 5000 cycles at 8 A g−1, which is mainly attributed to such architecture allowing strong mechanical stability and to effectively buffer the strain/volume expansion during fast Faradaic reactions. A single device having both an output voltage as high as 7.2 V and an ultrahigh areal energy density of 639 mWh cm−2 at 48 W cm−2 is realized by a designed configuration in which four capacitors in series connection are stacked with solid‐state electrolyte. An almost linear increase in output voltage with the layer number indicates possibility to meet various output requirements for miniaturized electronics.
An Armored Mixed Conductor Interphase on a Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Yan Chong , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Yao Yu‐Xing , Shen Xin , Li Bo‐Quan , Li Wen‐Jun , Zhang Rui , Huang Jia‐Qi , Li Hong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLithium‐metal electrodes have undergone a comprehensive renaissance to meet the requirements of high‐energy‐density batteries due to their lowest electrode potential and the very high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, the unstable interface between lithium and nonaqueous electrolyte induces dendritic Li and low Coulombic efficiency during repeated Li plating/stripping, which is one of the huge obstacles toward practical lithium‐metal batteries. Here, a composite mixed ionic/electronic conductor interphase (MCI) is formed on the surface of Li by in situ chemical reactions of a copper‐fluoride‐based solution and Li metal at room temperature. The as‐obtained MCI film acts like the armor of a soldier to protect the Li‐metal anode by its prioritized lithium storage, high ionic conductivity, and high Young's modulus. The armored MCI can effectively suppress Li‐dendrite growth and work effectively in LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/Li cells. The armored MCI presents fresh insights into the formation and regulation of the stable electrode–electrolyte interface and an effective strategy to protect Li‐metal anodes in working Li‐metal batteries.
Specially Wettable Membranes for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Wei Yibin , Qi Hong , Gong Xiao , Zhao Shuaifei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe oil–water separation has attracted heightened attention because of the ever‐increasing amounts of oily water produced from the daily activities of humans and industrial processes. Membrane technology as an advanced water purification approach has offered an indispensable option due to its cost‐effective, energy‐efficient, and easy‐to‐operate characteristics. However, traditional membrane materials suffer from severe fouling, which counteracts the superiority of applying membranes in oil–water separation applications. Thanks to the emerging bioinspired interface research, a series of special wettability not only endows membrane surfaces with outstanding antifouling properties but also breaks though the long‐standing tradeoff effect between membrane permeability and selectivity. In this review, the recent advances of membranes used for oil–water separation with special wettability and perspectives on the on‐going research are presented. The authors first discuss the wetting phenomenon on membrane surface, and then highlight the gradually evolved specially wettable system and its coupling with membrane materials. Next, relatively comprehensive preparation methods and applications of oil–water filtration membranes utilizing special wettability are summarized. Finally, the authors conclude the current achievements and challenges in specially wettable membranes for oil–water separation and outlook the future in this field.
Graphene‐Based Light‐Driven Soft Robot with Snake‐Inspired Concertina and Serpentine Locomotion
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Zhang Mei , Li Dengfeng , Shen Yajing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs a kind of reptile that can move in a sophisticated environment by periodic changes in body shape, a snake's locomotion mode has inspired the design of several novel robots. Yet, most of those conventional robots are constructed by rigid components and powered by electricity. Herein, a novel snake‐inspired soft robot by fabricating triple‐layer reduced graphene oxide and polydopamine is reported. Such soft material is capable of bidirectional deformation while near‐infrared (NIR) light is projected at different regions. It allows the robot to move continuously by periodically changing body shape on demand without external forces or torques. The designed robot can achieve two locomotion modes like a snake, i.e., concertina locomotion and serpentine locomotion modes, corresponding to external NIR light stimulation. It paves a new way for the fabrication and control of soft robot which can be applied to medical treatment, rescue operation, and so on in the future.
The Synthesis of Benzofulvenes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Three‐Component Reactions
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wu Zhuo , Qi Weixin , Sun Xueliang , Zhang Yanghui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn approach for the synthesis of benzofulvenes has been developed through palladium‐catalyzed sequential three‐component reactions. The reactions likely involve C,C‐palladacycles as the key intermediates. The palladacycles are generated through cascade reactions of aryl halides and alkynes, and then reacted with CH2Br2 to form benzofulvenes as the final products.magnified image
Do skin and hair pigmentation in prepubertal and early pubertal stages correlate with 2D:4D?
Authors: Sitek Aneta , Kozieł Sławomir , Kasielska‐Trojan Anna , Antoszewski Bogusław 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn most human populations women are less pigmented than men. However, before puberty, boys tend to have lighter skin than girls. Previous research has shown that skin pigmentation in European women is negatively correlated with digit ratio (2D:4D). Therefore, it has been hypothesized that skin pigmentation in females is partially controlled by prenatal hormones. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between 2D:4D and pigmentation in girls and boys in the prepubertal or early pubertal stages of ontogenesis.MethodsThe study group consisted of 598 Polish children (275 boys), aged 6.5‐10.5 years. All underwent spectrophotometric measurements of skin and hair melanin index (SMI and HMI) and had the second and the fourth finger on both hands measured directly.ResultsSMI (in girls) and HMI (in girls and boys) were positively correlated with age but 2D:4D was not. We regressed SMI and HMI on age and used the residuals as a measure of age‐independent pigmentation. In girls, positive correlations were found between resSMI and 2D:4D for the right hand, but there was no correlation with left 2D:4D. In boys, resSMI did not correlate with 2D:4D. The resHMI was not related to 2D:4D in girls or boys.ConclusionSkin pigmentation in prepubertal or early pubertal girls is related to 2D:4D such that high 2D:4D is associated with higher pigmentation. This relationship may be mediated by the individual rate of sexual maturation.
Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis: A biological approach to diagnosis
Authors: Brickley Megan B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesPorotic lesions of the skull (cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis) are one of the most common types of lesion identified in archaeological human bone and have also been found in hominins and non‐human primates. Because of the frequency with which such lesions are found there has been extensive debate on the possible causes and whether they are linked, with much of the debate centering on anemia. The biological approach to diagnosis in paleopathology used by Don Ortner and recently proposed more formally as a technique to facilitate diagnosis in paleopathology by Simon Mays may offer a means of answering some of the questions surrounding these lesions.Materials and MethodsA review was undertaken of biomedical information on changes in the distribution of marrow type and pattern of conversion of red and mixed marrow, and the potential for re‐conversion of yellow marrow with age. The range and type of other conditions that might result in the development of porous lesions were also considered.ResultsCombining information from the biomedical literature on marrow type and patterns of conversion with age, with careful evaluation of the type and location of porous lesions in the skull and across the rest of the skeleton will assist in suggesting a diagnosis.DiscussionA wide range of conditions can produce porous lesions in the cranial vault and the orbital roof, but due to anatomical structures and physiological factors such lesions are more likely to occur in the orbital roof. Anemia can produce lesions in both locations, but evidence of marrow expansion is required to confirm it as a cause.