bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical Matrix Mineral Density Measured Noninvasively in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women and a Woman With Vitamin D–Dependent Rickets
Authors: Chiang Cherie Y , Zebaze Roger , Wang Xiao-Fang , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Zajac Jeffrey D , Seeman Ego 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) may be due to reduced mineralized bone matrix volume, incomplete secondary mineralization, or reduced primary mineralization. Because bone biopsy is invasive, we hypothesized that noninvasive image acquisition at high resolution can accurately quantify matrix mineral density (MMD). Quantification of MMD was confined to voxels attenuation photons above 80% of that produced by fully mineralized bone matrix because attenuation at this level is due to variation in mineralization, not porosity. To assess accuracy, 9 cadaveric distal radii were imaged at a voxel size of 82 microns using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT; XtremeCT, Scanco Medical AG, Bruttisellen, Switzerland) and compared with VivaCT 40 (µCT) at 19-micron voxel size. Associations between MMD and porosity were studied in 94 healthy vitamin D–replete premenopausal women, 77 postmenopausal women, and in a 27-year-old woman with vitamin D–dependent rickets (VDDR). Microstructure and MMD were quantified using StrAx (StraxCorp, Melbourne, Australia). MMD measured by HR-pQCT and µCT correlated (R = 0.87; p &lt; 0.0001). The precision error for MMD was 2.43%. Cortical porosity and MMD were associated with age (r2 = 0.5 and –0.4, respectively) and correlated inversely in pre- and postmenopausal women (both r2 = 0.9, all p &lt; 0.001). Porosity was higher, and MMD was lower, in post- than in premenopausal women (porosity 40.3% ± 7.0 versus 34.7% ± 3.5, respectively; MMD 65.4% ± 1.8 versus 66.6% ± 1.4, respectively, both p &lt; 0.001). In the woman with VDDR, MMD was 5.6 SD lower and porosity was 5.6 SD higher than the respective trait means in premenopausal women. BMD was reduced (Z-scores femoral neck –4.3 SD, lumbar spine –3.8 SD). Low-radiation HR-pQCT may facilitate noninvasive quantification of bone's MMD and microstructure in health, disease, and during treatment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The effect of positive and negative memory bias on anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents
Authors: Ho Samuel M.Y. , Cheng Joseph , Dai Darren Wai Tong , Tam Titian , Hui Otilia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the interaction effect of anxiety and depression on the intentional forgetting of positive and negative valence words.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐five grade 7 to grade 10 students participated in the study. The item‐method directed forgetting paradigm was used to examine the intentional forgetting of positive‐valence, negative‐valence, and neutral‐valence words.ResultsNegative‐valence words were recognized better than either positive‐valence or neutral‐valence words. The results revealed an anxiety main effect (p = .01, LLCI = −.09, and ULCI = −.01) and a depression main effect (p = .04, LLCI = .00, and ULCI = .24). The anxiety score was negative, whereas the depression score was positively related to the directed forgetting of negative‐valence words. Regression‐based moderation analysis revealed a significant anxiety × depression interaction effect on the directed forgetting of positive‐valence words (p = .02, LLCI = .00, and ULCI = .01). Greater anxiety was associated with more directed forgetting of positive‐valance words only among participants with high depression scores. With negative‐valence words, the anxiety × depression interaction effect was not significant (p = .15, LLCI = − .00, and ULCI = .01).ConclusionTherapeutic strategies to increase positive memory bias may reduce anxiety symptoms only among those with high depression scores. Interventions to reduce negative memory bias may reduce anxiety symptoms irrespective of levels of depression.
Multistep Unified Models Using Prior Knowledge for the Prediction of Drug Clearance in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Tegenge Million A. , Mahmood Iftekhar , Jiang Zhen , Forshee Richard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAllometric approaches are widely used for interspecies scaling for the prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters during drug development. The concept of allometry can also be extended to predict PK parameters from adults to children. Three methods for extrapolating pediatric clearance were developed and evaluated using the clearance values of 4 drugs. The first method was established using a simple allometric (SA) model with estimated coefficient and exponent based on data ranging from children older than 2 years to adult. Then we developed a unified multistep single‐exponent (MSE) and multistep body‐weight–dependent exponent (MBDE) models. The major steps in these 2 new methods include generating pseudopredicted clearance for unobserved new populations such as preterm neonates, term neonates, and infants. Subsequent steps involve incorporating the pseudopredicted clearance with the actual PK data from older children and adults. All 3 models were then used to predict drug clearance in children ≤2 years old (N = 278). Drug clearance was predicted with mean absolute error of 29.6, 14.2, and 12.9 using SA, MSE, MBDE, respectively. The root mean square error was 65.9, 29.8, 24.7 for SA, MSE, MBDE, respectively. Approximately 41%, 72%, and 74% of the children's clearance data were within 0.5 to 1.5‐fold of the observed values when drug clearance was extrapolated using SA, MSE, and MBDE models, respectively. The present multistep unified extrapolation approaches improved the prediction of clearance from preterm neonates to 2 years of age and may have practical use for first‐in‐pediatric dose selection.
New Insights into the Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Nitrated Phospholipids
Authors: Melo Tânia , Marques Sara S. , Ferreira Isabel , Cruz Maria Teresa , Domingues Pedro , Segundo Marcela A. , Domingues Maria Rosário Marques 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNitro‐fatty acids (NO2‐FA) have been widely studied with regard to their identification, structural characterization, and biological actions. NO2‐FA could also be present endogenously esterified to phospholipids (PL), and NO2‐PL were already detected in cardiac mitochondria from diabetic rats and cardiomyoblasts subjected to starvation. However, the biological actions of NO2‐PL have been overlooked. In this study, we evaluate the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential of the nitrated 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC) formed in vitro by incubation with NO2BF4, in a well‐recognized mimetic model of nitroxidative stress. Nitrated POPC showed anti‐radical ability to reduce both 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) (IC20 = 225 ± 4 μg/mL; Trolox equivalent (TE) = 86 ± 6 μmol Trolox/g lipid) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS•+) (IC50 = 124 ± 2 μg/mL; TE = 152 ± 9 μmol Trolox/g lipid). Also, higher lag times were achieved in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay for nitrated POPC, indicating a faster reaction with oxygen‐derived radicals (TE = 1.03 ± 0.22 and TE = 1.30 ± 0.16 mmol Trolox/g lipid for nonmodified and nitrated POPC, respectively). Nitrated POPC showed the ability to inhibit lipid oxidation induced by the hydroxyl radical generated under Fenton reaction conditions, monitored by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) using phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) liposomes as a model of cell membrane. Nitrated POPC showed anti‐inflammatory potential, as assessed by the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages activated by the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a well‐described in vitro model of inflammation. Altogether, this study provides new clues regarding the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential of nitrated POPC, which should be explored in depth.
Pure Laparoscopic Living Donor Left Lateral Sectionectomy in Pediatric Transplantation: A Propensity Score Analysis on 220 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Broering Dieter C. , Elsheikh Yasser , Shagrani Mohammed , Abaalkhail Faisal , Troisi Roberto I. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Left lateral sectionectomy for donor hepatectomy is a well‐established alternative to deceased donor pediatric liver transplantation. However, very little is available on the laparoscopic approach (laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy [L‐LLS]). With the aim to assess safety, reproducibility under proctorship, and outcomes following living donor liver transplantation in children, a comparative single‐center series using propensity score matching (PSM) to evaluate open left lateral sectionectomy (O‐LLS) versus L‐LLS was carried out in a relatively short time period in a high‐volume pediatric transplant center. A retrospective, observational, single‐center, PSM study was conducted on 220 consecutive living donor hepatectomies from January 2011 to April 2017. The variables considered for PSM were as follows: year of operation, recipient age, indication for transplant, recipient weight, donor sex, donor age, and donor body mass index. After matching, 72 O‐LLSs were fit to be compared with 72 L‐LLSs. Operative time and warm ischemia time were significantly longer in L‐LLSs, whereas blood loss and overall donor complication rates were significantly lower. Postoperative day 1 and 4 pain scores were significantly less in the L‐LLS group (P = 0.015 and 0.003, respectively). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in L‐LLS (4.6 versus 4.1 days; P = 0.014). Overall donor biliary complications were 9 (12.5%) and 1 (1.4%) for O‐LLS and L‐LLS (P = 0.022), respectively. Vascular complications occurred in 3 (4.2%) children without graft loss in the laparoscopic group. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall patient survival rates were 98.5%, 90.9%, and 90.9% in the O‐LLS group and in the L‐LLS group 94.3%, 92.7%, and 86.8% (P = 0.28). In conclusion, L‐LLS for donor hepatectomy is a safe and reproducible technique yielding better donor perioperative outcomes with respect to the conventional approach with similar recipient outcomes.
Making and Operating Molecular Machines: A Multidisciplinary Challenge
Authors: Baroncini Massimo , Casimiro Lorenzo , de Vet Christiaan , Groppi Jessica , Silvi Serena , Credi Alberto 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMovement is one of the central attributes of life, and a key feature in many technological processes. While artificial motion is typically provided by macroscopic engines powered by internal combustion or electrical energy, movement in living organisms is produced by machines and motors of molecular size that typically exploit the energy of chemical fuels at ambient temperature to generate forces and ultimately execute functions. The progress in several areas of chemistry, together with an improved understanding of biomolecular machines, has led to the development of a large variety of wholly synthetic molecular machines. These systems have the potential to bring about radical innovations in several areas of technology and medicine. In this Minireview, we discuss, with the help of a few examples, the multidisciplinary aspects of research on artificial molecular machines and highlight its translational character.
Long‐distance communication in Arabidopsis involving a self‐activating G protein
Authors: Tunc‐Ozdemir Meral , Liao Kang‐Ling , Ross‐Elliott Timothy J. , Elston Timothy C. , Jones Alan M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn plant cells, heterotrimeric G protein signaling mediates development, biotic/abiotic stress responsiveness, hormone signaling, and extracellular sugar sensing. The amount of sugar in plant cells fluctuates from nanomolar to high millimolar concentrations over time depending on changes in the light environment. Arabidopsis thaliana Regulator of G Signaling protein 1 (AtRGS1) modulates G protein activation and detects the concentration and the exposure time of sugars. This is called dose–duration reciprocity in sugar sensing and occurs through AtRGS1 internalization which is directly proportional to G protein activation. One source of sugars is from CO2 fixation by photosynthesis. Through a simple set of experiments, we show that sugars made in cotyledons that are undergoing photomorphogenesis activate G signaling in cells distal to the nascent photosynthesis center. This occurs with sufficient speed to enable distal cells to monitor changes in photosynthetic activity in the leaves.
John D. Roberts, a tenacious yet benevolent role model and an uncelebrated historian of chemistry
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe author's experience as editor of John D. Roberts' autobiographyThe Right Place at the Right Timepublished by the American Chemical Society in 1990 forms the basis for his description of Roberts as a research scientist and teacher, an author, a citizen of the world, and a friend.
Static Magnetic Field Dictates Protein Corona Formation on the Surface of Glutamine‐Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Ziyao , Zhan Xiaohui , Xu Xianghui , Wu Yao , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have become important tools for the imaging and detecting of prevalent diseases for many years. Scientists usually harness their attraction to a static magnetic field (SMF) to increase targeting efficiency and minimize side effects. To prolong blood circulation time and minimize reticuloendothelial system clearance, SPIONs are increasingly designed with a negatively charged surface. Understanding how a SMF affects the SPIONs with a negative surface charge is fundamental to any potential downstream applications of SPIONs as drug delivery carriers and bio‐separation nanoparticles. The goal of our study is to investigate the effect of SMF treatment (204 mT) on the in vitro and in vivo protein corona formed on negatively charged SPIONs. The results reveal that the amount of protein and the composition of protein corona is directly related to the SMF treatment. Compared with the in vivo protein corona, SMF treatment exercises considerable influence on the composition of the in vitro protein corona. The in vitro protein corona formed on SPIONs modulates the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from cells. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first demonstration of a SMF as an influencing factor on protein corona formation in vivo. Our results help to elucidate the biological mechanisms of SPIONs with SMF treatment and suggest that the protein corona effect should be considered during the development of a magnetic target.
On the Holographic Entanglement Entropy for Non‐smooth Entangling Curves in AdS4
Authors: Pastras Georgios 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe extend the calculations of holographic entanglement entropy in AdS4 for entangling curves with singular non‐smooth points that generalize cusps. Our calculations are based on minimal surfaces that correspond to elliptic solutions of the corresponding Pohlmeyer reduced system. For these minimal surfaces, the entangling curve contains singular points that are not cusps, but the joint point of two logarithmic spirals one being the rotation of the other by a given angle . It turns out that, similarly to the case of cusps, the entanglement entropy contains a logarithmic term, which is absent when the entangling curve is smooth. The latter depends solely on the geometry of the singular points and not on the global characteristics of the entangling curve. The results suggest that a careful definition of the geometric characteristic of such a singular point that determines the logarithmic term is required, which does not always coincide with the definition of the angle. Furthermore, it is shown that the smoothness of the dependence of the logarithmic terms on this characteristic is not in general guaranteed, depending on the uniqueness of the minimal surface for the given entangling curve.
Comparison among several commonly used sampling methods for a degradation test
Authors: Hu Cheng‐Hung , Lee Ming‐Yung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDegradation testing is an effective tool for evaluating the reliability of highly reliable products. There have been many data collection methods proposed in the literature. Some of these assumed that only degradation values are recorded, and some assumed failure times to be available. However, most research has been devoted to proposing parameter estimates or to designing degradation tests for a specific sampling method. The differences between these commonly used methods have rarely been investigated. The lack of comparisons between different sampling methods has made it difficult to select an appropriate means by which to collect data. In addition, it remains unclear whether obtaining extra information (eg, exact failure times) is useful for making statistical inferences. In this paper, we assume that the degradation path of a product follows a Wiener degradation process, and we summarize several data collection methods. Maximum likelihood estimates for parameters and their variance‐covariance matrices are derived for each type of data. Several commonly used optimization criteria for designing a degradation test are used to compare estimation efficiency. Sufficient conditions under which one method could be better than the others are proposed. Upper bounds of estimation efficiency are also investigated. Our results provide useful guidelines by which to choose a sampling method, as well as its design variables, to obtain efficient estimation. A simulated example based on real light‐emitting diodes data is studied to verify our theoretical results under a moderate sample size scenario.
Vaporization and thermodynamics of ceramics based on the La2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system studied by the high‐temperature mass spectrometric method
Authors: Kablov Eugene N. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Fabrichnaya Olga В. , Ilatovskaya Mariia O. , Karachevtsev Fedor N. 
Published: February 2018

RationaleMaterials based on the La2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system are promising for the production of highly refractory ceramics, e.g., thermal barrier coatings and molds for casting of elements of gas turbine engines. When these ceramics are synthesized or used at high temperatures, selective vaporization of components may take place, resulting in changes in the physicochemical properties of the materials. Consequently, development of materials based on the La2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system requires information on vaporization in this system as well as on its thermodynamics, without which prediction and modeling of their physicochemical properties are impossible.MethodsVaporization processes and thermodynamic properties in the La2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system were studied by the high‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric method using a MS‐1301 mass spectrometer. Electron ionization of vapor species was employed at an ionization energy of 25 eV. The samples under study and reference substances were vaporized from a tungsten twin effusion cell.ResultsAt 2337 K the main vapor species over samples in the La2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system were shown to be LaO, YO and O. The partial pressures of the vapor species mentioned and the La2O3 and Y2O3 activities in the samples were obtained at 2337 K. The Gibbs energies of mixing and excess Gibbs energies were found in the solid solution of this system.ConclusionsVaporization of ceramics based on the La2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system at 2337 K led to selective transition of La2O3 and Y2O3 to the gaseous phase, with the La2O3 vaporization rate being higher than that of Y2O3. The directions of composition changes of samples due to their vaporization at 2337 K were determined. In the solid solution of this system negative deviations from ideal behavior were found. The ability to estimate the excess Gibbs energies in the solid solution of the La2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system by the Kohler method was shown.
Collision cross section (CCS) measurement by ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with short‐time Fourier transform
Authors: Hu Miao , Zhang Linzhou , He Shan , Xu Chunming , Shi Quan 
Published: February 2018

RationaleThe collision cross section (CCS) is an important shape parameter which is often used in molecular structure investigation. In Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS), the CCS affects the ion signal damping shape due to the effect of ion‐neutral collisions. It is potential to obtain ion CCS values from FTICR‐MS with the help of a proper ion‐collision model.MethodsWe have developed a rapid method to obtain the ion damping profile and CCS for mixtures by only one FTICR‐MS measurement. The method utilizes short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) to process FTICR‐MS time domain signals. The STFT‐processed result is a three‐dimensional (3D) spectrum which has an additional time axis in addition to the conventional mass‐to‐charge ratio and intensity domains. The damping profile of each ion can be recognized from the 3D spectrum.ResultsAfter extracting the decay profile of a specified ion, all the three ion‐neutral collision models were tested in curve fitting. The hard‐sphere model was proven to be suitable for our experimental setup. A linear relationship was observed between the CCS value and hard‐sphere model parameters. Therefore, the CCS values of all the peaks were obtained through the addition of internal model compounds and linear calibration.ConclusionsThe proposed method was successfully applied to determine the CCSs of fatty acids and polyalanines in a petroleum gas oil matrix. This technique can be used for simultaneous measurement of cross sections for many ions in congested spectra.
Family Communication About Genetic Risk of Hereditary Cardiomyopathies and Arrhythmias: an Integrative Review
Authors: Shah Lisa L. , Daack‐Hirsch Sandra 
Published: February 2018

AbstractScreening for hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias (HCA) may enable early detection, treatment, targeted surveillance, and result in effective prevention of debilitating complications and sudden cardiac death. Screening at‐risk family members for HCA is conducted through cascade screening. Only half of at‐risk family members are screened for HCA. To participate in screening, at‐risk family members must be aware of their risk. This often relies on communication from diagnosed individuals to their relatives. However, family communication is not well understood and is ripe for developing interventions to improve screening rates. Until very recently, family communication of genetic risk has been mostly studied in non‐cardiac disease. Using this non‐cardiac literature, we developed the family communication of genetic risk (FCGR) conceptual framework. The FCGR has four main elements of the communication process: influential factors, communication strategies, communication occurrence, and reaction to communication. Using the FCGR, we conducted an integrated review of the available literature on genetic risk communication in HCA families. Descriptive analysis of 12 articles resulted in the development of categories describing details of the FCGR elements in the context of HCA. This review synthesizes what is known about influential factors, communication strategies, communication occurrence, and outcomes of communication in the context of HCA.