bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality Reduction and Network Inference for Climate Data Using δ‐MAPS: Application to the CESM Large Ensemble Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Falasca Fabrizio , Bracco Annalisa , Nenes Athanasios , Fountalis Ilias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA framework for analyzing and benchmarking climate model outputs is built upon δ‐MAPS, a recently developed complex network analysis method. The framework allows for the possibility of highlighting quantifiable topological differences across data sets, capturing the magnitude of interactions including lagged relationships and quantifying the modeled internal variability, changes in domains properties and in their connections over space and time. A set of four metrics is proposed to assess and compare the modeled domains shapes, strengths, and connectivity patterns. δ‐MAPS is applied to investigate the topological properties of sea surface temperature from observational data sets and in a subset of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble focusing on the past 35 years and over the 20th and 21st centuries. Model ensemble members are mapped in a reduced metric space to quantify internal variability and average model error. It is found that network properties are on average robust whenever individual member or ensemble trends are removed. The assessment identifies biases in the CESM representation of the connectivity patterns that stem from too strong autocorrelations of domains signals and from the overestimation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation amplitude and its thermodynamic feedback onto the tropical band in most members.
Building a Casimir metrology platform with a commercial MEMS sensor
Authors: Stange Alexander , Imboden Matthias , Javor Josh , Barrett Lawrence K. , Bishop David J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Casimir Effect is a physical manifestation of quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum. When two metal plates are placed close together, typically much less than a micron, the long wavelength modes between them are frozen out, giving rise to a net attractive force between the plates, scaling as d−4 (or d−3 for a spherical-planar geometry) even when they are not electrically charged. In this paper, we observe the Casimir Effect in ambient conditions using a modified capacitive micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensor. Using a feedback-assisted pick-and-place assembly process, we are able to attach various microstructures onto the post-release MEMS, converting it from an inertial force sensor to a direct force measurement platform with pN (piconewton) resolution. With this system we are able to directly measure the Casimir force between a silver-coated microsphere and gold-coated silicon plate. This device is a step towards leveraging the Casimir Effect for cheap, sensitive, room temperature quantum metrology.
Area socioeconomic status is independently associated with esophageal cancer mortality in Shandong, China
Authors: Kou Kou , Baade Peter David , Guo Xiaolei , Gatton Michelle , Cramb Susanna , Lu Zilong , Fu Zhentao , Chu Jie , Xu Aiqiang , Sun Jiandong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) is a leading cause of cancer death in China. Within Shandong Province, a geographic cluster with high EC mortality has been identified, however little is known about how area-level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with EC mortality in this province. Multilevel models were applied to EC mortality data in 2011–13 among Shandong residents aged 40+ years. Area-level SES factors consisted of residential type (urban/rural) of the sub-county-level units (n = 262) and SES index (range: 0–10) of the county-level units (n = 142). After adjustment for age and sex, residents living in rural areas had a 22% (95% CI: 13–32%) higher risk of dying from EC than those in urban areas. With each unit increase in the SES index, the average risk of dying from EC reduced by 10% (95% CI: 3–18%). The adjustment of area-level SES variables had little impact on the risk ratio of EC mortality between the high-mortality cluster and the rest of Shandong. In conclusion, rural residence and lower SES index are strongly associated with elevated risks of EC death. However, these factors are independent of the high mortality in the cluster area of Shandong. The underlying causes for this geographic disparity need to be further investigated.
Skipping breakfast is associated with adiposity markers especially when sleep time is adequate in adolescents
Authors: Forkert Elsie C. O. , Moraes Augusto Cesar Ferreira De , Carvalho Heráclito Barbosa , Manios Yannis , Widhalm Kurt , González-Gross Marcela , Gutierrez Angel , Kafatos Anthony , Censi Laura , De Henauw Stefaan , Moreno Luis A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdolescence is a critical stage of development and has an important influence on energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs). When adolescents are associated with obesity it can lead to increased cardiometabolic risk. Here we assess if EBRBs adopted by adolescents included in a subsample are associated with markers of total and abdominal adiposity in a multicentre European study, Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA-CSS) and a Brazilian study, Brazilian Cardiovascular Adolescent Health (BRACAH study), and whether sleep duration influence the association between skipping breakfast, physical activity and sedentary behaviours, with total and abdominal obesity (AO). Multilevel linear regression models using fixed and random intercepts were used to analyse the association between markers of obesity and EBRBs. Skipping breakfast was the prevalent behaviour in association with obesity among European and Brazilian boys besides European girls, even after stratification by sleep time. Moreover, European boys who slept properly and skipped breakfast had an increased waist circumference (WC), while body mass index (BMI) increased in Brazilian boys. Among Brazilian boys less sleep was protective for total obesity (β = −0.93 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.80; −0.07). European girls when they were more sedentary, showed an increase in WC, especially for those who reported they slept adequately. Skipping breakfast was associated with total and AO in adolescents independent of sleep duration.
Urbanisation modulates plant-pollinator interactions in invasive vs. native plant species
Authors: Buchholz Sascha , Kowarik Ingo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPollination is a key ecological process, and invasive alien plant species have been shown to significantly affect plant-pollinator interactions. Yet, the role of the environmental context in modulating such processes is understudied. As urbanisation is a major component of global change, being associated with a range of stressors (e.g. heat, pollution, habitat isolation), we tested whether the attractiveness of a common invasive alien plant (Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust) vs. a common native plant (Cytisus scoparius, common broom) for pollinators changes with increasing urbanisation. We exposed blossoms of both species along an urbanisation gradient and quantified different types of pollinator interaction with the flowers. Both species attracted a broad range of pollinators, with significantly more visits for R. pseudoacacia, but without significant differences in numbers of insects that immediately accessed the flowers. However, compared to native Cytisus, more pollinators only hovered in front of flowers of invasive Robinia without visiting those subsequently. The decision rate to enter flowers of the invasive species decreased with increasing urbanisation. This suggests that while invasive Robinia still attracts many pollinators in urban settings attractiveness may decrease with increasing urban stressors. Results indicated future directions to deconstruct the role of different stressors in modulating plant-pollinator interactions, and they have implications for urban development since Robinia can be still considered as a “pollinator-friendly” tree for certain urban settings.
Generation of photoclinometric DTMs for application to transient changes on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Tang Y. , Birch S. P. D. , Hayes A. G. , Kirk R. , Kutsop N. , Vincent J.-B. , Squyres S. 
Published: April 2019

Context. The wide spatial and temporal coverage of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) by the Rosetta mission has revealed a surface created by scattered large-scale changes and numerous small-scale changes. The many small-scale changes are of particular interest because they are unexpected and ubiquitous. As their topographic relief is often smaller than one meter, which is below the resolution of any shape models, we need higher resolution topography to analyze them properly.
Aims. We describe a photoclinometry method that is able to retrieve surface elevations for a single OSIRIS image of the surface of 67P. With this method, we can provide accurate measures, along with error estimates, of the centimeter-scale topography of observed transient changes.
Methods. Photoclinometry, or shape-from-shading, estimates heights by examining the light reflection of the surface as dictated by a photometric model under a specified set of viewing geometries. Assuming a standard photometric model for 67P, we can recreate the shading of a surface under specified viewing geometries. The output is a high-resolution height map that matches the original image pixel by pixel. We then provide estimates of the error in the retrieved heights and ensure that our method is valid with a series of checks.
Results. We generate digital terrain models (DTMs) with a vertical resolution comparable to or smaller than the pixel scale. This allows us to accurately measure changes in the surface topography on centimeter scales. We find that most changes within the smooth terrains involve the transport or removal of material thinner than one meter.
Unexpectedly strong effect of supergranulation on the detectability of Earth twins orbiting Sun-like stars with radial velocities
Authors: Meunier N. , Lagrange A.-M. 
Published: April 2019

Context. Magnetic activity and surface flows at different scales pertub radial velocity measurements. This affects the detectability of low-mass exoplanets.
Aims. In these flows, the effect of supergranulation is not as well characterized as the other flows, and we wish to estimate its effect on the detection of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars.
Methods. We produced time series of radial velocities due to oscillations, granulation, and supergranulation, and estimated the detection limit for a G2 star and a period of 300 days. We also studied in detail the behavior of the power when the signal of a 1 MEarth planet was superposed on the signal from the stellar flows.
Results. We find that the detection rate does not reach 100% except for the supergranulation level we assume, which is still optimistic, and for an excellent sampling.
Conclusions. We conclude that with current knowledge, it is a very challenging task to find Earth twins around Sun-like stars with our current capabilities.
Meatal Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm with AICA-PICA Complex: Endovascular Coiling and Parent Artery Preservation
Authors: Londhe Shrikant , Gupta Vipul , Parthasarathy Rajsrnivias , Ganie Hilal Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSecondary stroke prevention requires early initiation of antiplatelet; therefore, stroke mimics need to be ruled out particularly in circumstances when antiplatelet therapy can be of disastrous consequences. A 54-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with symptoms of sudden-onset deviation of angle of mouth to the right side, left eye ptosis, and occipital headache for past 4-hour duration. Neurologic examination revealed right-sided gaze-dependent torsional nystagmus and left lower motor neuron facial weakness. An embolic posterior circulation stroke secondary to vertebral artery dissection was suspected. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) did not show any acute infarcts, and careful review of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) scans showed hemorrhage in the fourth ventricle. Subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done, which showed left anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysm involving its intrameatal segment with AICA-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) complex. Retrospective review of computed tomographic (CT) angiography images showed small aneurysm in the internal auditory meatus, which is difficult to discern secondary to adjacent bony structure and smaller size of the aneurysm. The patient underwent endovascular coiling of the aneurysm with preservation of the parent artery. Our experience concluded that these clinical features suggest remote subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to the ruptured of AICA intrameatal segment aneurysm with left facial nerve paralysis and peripheral cochlear vestibular changes secondary to either compression (mechanical or pulsations of the aneurysm sac) or ischemia of vestibular apparatus. The neurointerventionist should consider the possibility of aneurysmal rupture, especially in cases of atypical location of hemorrhage and no signs of infarct on neuroimaging of posterior circulation stroke.
Fluoroscopic and Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Regional Variation and Their Prevalence
Authors: Khalid Syed , Wu Rita , Gazal Ayoolamide , Tasse Jordan , Tabriz David , Madassery Sreekumar , Turba Ulku , Arslan Bulent 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the regional variation and overall longitudinal prevalence of approaches to gastrostomy tube placement in patients covered by Medicare or Medicaid.
Background Gastrostomy tubes are most commonly inserted endoscopically given the approaches’ demonstrated safety, success, and patient outcomes as compared with laparoscopic approaches. Recently, the growth of interventional radiology services has provided patients with an alternative percutaneous approach. The safety and efficacy of this approach as opposed to endoscopic approaches has yet to be determined.
Methods From 2005 to 2014, Medicare Standard Analytic Files derived from Medicare parts A and B, which contain 100% of inpatient and outpatient facility records billed to Medicare, were retrospectively analyzed. Age, sex, year of placement, region, comparative quarterly ratio, regional cost variation, and overall financial cost were compared between both cohorts.
Results Our population included a total of 336,021 patients; of those, 30,327 patients underwent fluoroscopic guided procedures, and 305,694 patients underwent endoscopic procedures. Age (p < 0.001), region (p = 0.043), and year of placement (p < 0.001) varied significantly between these populations. Fluoroscopic-guided procedures were found to have a statistically significantly lower average cost of treatment compared with endoscopic gastrostomies ($2,018.62 vs. $2,471.33, respectively, p = 0.03).
Conclusion This study demonstrates an increasing prevalence of fluoroscopically placed gastrostomy tubes as compared with those placed endoscopically.
Long-Term Results of Universal 2 Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: Zijlker H. J. A. , Ritt M. J. P. F. , IJsselstein C. B. 
Published: April 2019

Background The Universal 2 is a widely used total wrist implant that aims to maintain function of the wrist.
Purpose Promising mid-term results of the Universal 2 total wrist implant are described in the literature. This study evaluates the long-term results in terms of implant survival and patient satisfaction.
Patients and Methods Patients who received a Universal 2 implant between 2004 and 2009 were retrospectively identified through a database search. Clinical outcome and complications of the implant were assessed by examination of the patient's medical records, X-rays, and a questionnaire, consisting of the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation questionnaire (PRWHE) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaires and additional questions.
Results Twenty-five patients (26 wrists) were included in this study. Twenty-one (81%) Universal 2 implants remained in situ after a mean follow-up of 11 years. Moderate PRWHE (44) and QuickDASH (41) scores were found in these cases. Five Universal 2 implants failed and were converted to a total wrist arthrodesis after a mean period of 9.2 years due to distal component loosening (n = 3), recurrent luxation (n = 1), or recurrent synovitis (n = 1). Twenty-three (92%) patients were (very) satisfied with the Universal 2 implant.
Conclusion The Universal 2 demonstrates a high (81%) implant survival with a high patient satisfaction after a mean follow-up of 11 years. Prospective studies of the Universal 2 implant are necessary to objectify improvement in wrist function and to provide a better comparison to other fourth generation wrist implants.
Madelung's Deformity of the Wrist—Current Concepts and Future Directions
Authors: Babu Satish , Turner Joseph , Seewoonarain Sheena , Chougule Sanjay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMadelung's deformity of the wrist arises from premature closure of the medial and volar aspect of the distal radial physis. True Madelung deformities reveal the presence of a “Vickers” ligament which is a short, volar, radioulnar ligament. Clinically, patients report increasing deformity, pain, and poor range of motion. Radiological features include increased radial inclination, volar tilt of the distal radius, and a positive ulnar variance. Surgical intervention usually comprises either a “Vickers” ligament release and distal radius physiolysis or a radial dome osteotomy. In future, EOS Imaging could aid diagnosis by providing more detailed images of the deformity while minimizing radiation exposure. Furthermore, three-dimensional printing and computer-navigated deformity correction could revolutionize management by facilitating simulation training, expediting surgery, and reducing intraoperative error.
Magnesium Bioabsorbable Screw Fixation of Radial Styloid Fractures: Case Report
Authors: Turan Adil , Kati Yusuf Alper , Acar Baver , Kose Ozkan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Several types of fixation materials may be used for the radial styloid fractures such as Kirschner wire fixation, screw fixation, volar plate fixation, and fragment-specific radial buttress plate fixation. However, each of these fixation techniques has certain complications usually related to either the surgical dissection or the application of fixation and symptomatic permanent hardware. Implant removal secondary to irritation of prominent screw heads or bulky plates is not uncommon after radial styloid fracture fixation.
Case Description Herein, two patients with an isolated radial styloid fracture who were treated with bioabsorbable magnesium (alloy: MgYREZr) screws are presented. In both patients, the fracture union was achieved without any complication and need for implant removal.
Literature Review This is the first report on the use of magnesium screws for this indication.
Clinical Relevance Magnesium bioabsorbable compression screw fixation may be an alternative solution that eliminates removal operations due to symptomatic hardware in radial styloid fractures.
Impact of Screw Length on Proximal Scaphoid Fracture Biomechanics
Authors: Patel Samik , Giugale Juan , Tiedeken Nathan , Debski Richard E. , Fowler John R. 
Published: April 2019

Background Proximal scaphoid fractures display high nonunion rates and increased revision cases. Waist fracture fixation involves maximizing screw length within the cortex; however, the optimal screw length for proximal scaphoid fractures remains unknown.
Purpose The main purpose of this article is to compare stiffness and ultimate load for proximal scaphoid fracture fixation of various headless compression screw lengths.
Methods Eighteen scaphoids underwent an osteotomy simulating a 7 mm oblique proximal fracture. Screws of three lengths (10, 18, and 24 mm) were randomly assigned for fixation. Each specimen underwent cyclic loading with stiffness calculated during the last loading cycle. Specimens that withstood cyclic loading were loaded to failure.
Results No significant difference in stiffness between screw lengths was found. Ultimate load was significantly impacted by the screw length. A significant difference in ultimate load between a 10 and 24 mm screw was found; however, no significant difference occurred in ultimate load between an 18 and 24 mm screw.
Conclusions No significant difference in stiffness between all groups could be due to similarities in purchase in the proximal aspect. The 10 mm screw withstanding less ultimate load compared to the 24 mm screw could be due to the 10 mm screw gaining less purchase on either side of the fracture site compared to the 24 mm screw. Lack of significant difference in ultimate load between the 18 and 24 mm screw could be occurring because the fracture site is closer to the 18 mm screw midpoint, as distal threads are engaged closer to the fracture.
Clinical Relevance Maximizing screw length may not provide superior fixation biomechanically compared with fixation utilizing a 6 mm shorter screw for proximal scaphoid fractures.
Electrocardiographic Changes after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bhargava Pranshu , Singh Rahul 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Introduction Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes after ischemic stroke are well documented. However, ECG changes after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) have been infrequently studied. In many cases, changes occur due to neurogenic causes and may be misinterpreted as primary cardiac events.
Aims This study was undertaken to study ECG changes after SICH.
Materials and Method This study included all SICH patients admitted over 1 year. Patients with intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage without cerebral bleed were excluded, and those with a doubtful history of head injury were also excluded. Management was guided as per standard protocol. All patients were monitored in neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU). ECG changes were noted and analyzed.
Results Total 47 SICH patients were admitted over 1 year; 0.66% patients were found to have one or more ECG abnormalities at time of admission. A prolonged QTc interval was the most common finding (39%), followed by sinus tachycardia or bradycardia and ST-segment changes. All patients with brainstem or intraventricular bleed had changes in ECG, whereas 62% had basal ganglia (BG) bleed, 43% thalamic bleed, and 57% had cortical bleeds had ECG changes, and 0.13% of patients had concomitant echocardiographic (ECHO) changes also. The most common change in BG lesion was T inversion as well as QTc prolongation in thalamic lesions. An equal percentage of males and females had ECG changes; however, 80% of all patients were males. All patients younger than 40 years had changes on ECG, and 75% of patients in the age group of 61 to 70 were found to have changes on ECG. In one patient with intraventricular hemorrhagic, global hypokinesia was reversed after insertion of ventricular drain and normalization of intracranial pressure (ICP). Although the management of the cardiac events may remain the same, in cases in which the primary cause is neurogenic, treating this cause or lowering ICP may help in reverting ECG changes.
Conclusion ECG changes occurring after SICH need to be cautiously interpreted, as the primary cause may be neurogenic and subsequent treatment would require lowering of ICP either surgically or medically.