bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of preventive health service provision before and after
reorganization of primary care in Turkey: a community-based
study
Authors: Kaya Çiğdem Apaydın , Akman Mehmet , Ünalan Pemra Cöbek , Çifçili Serap , Uzuner Arzu , Akdeniz Esra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the changes in the provision of preventive health services in
terms of woman and child health after reorganization of the primary health
care services.

Background
The primary care system in Turkey has undergone fundamental changes as a part
of Health Transformation Program during last decade. But there was no
community-based study to evaluate these changes.

Method
This community-based and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010, just
before the reorganization of primary care services and in 2015, five year
after the reforms. The 30×7 cluster sampling method was used in
Zümrütevler quarter of Maltepe District. The socio-demographic
characteristics of the participants, the presence of the physician who can
be consulted for any health problem, the presence of smokers at home were
questioned. The women aged 18 years or older and gave consent provided
information about history of pregnancy and birth, the number of follow-ups
during pregnancy, family planning method usage, cervical and breast cancer
screening, breastfeeding duration, vaccinations, and prophylactic iron and
vitamin D supplementation for their children.

Findings
After the reorganization of primary care, more people stated that they had
physicians to whom they could consult for all kinds of health problems (27.8
versus 44.7%; P<0.001) and that physician was
the primary care physician (30.2 versus 64.7%;
P<0.001). The reported frequency of at least one
smoker at home was decreased after reorganization of primary care (63.6
versus 53.1%; P=0.034). There were no
significant differences in terms unplanned pregnancy, the use of family
planning method, the number of pregnancy follow-ups and the frequency of Pap
smears and mammography. There are no significant differences in terms of
healthy children follow-ups, vaccination, vitamin D and iron supplementation
(P>0.05). It was found that the duration of
total breastfeeding increased after reorganization of primary care
(P<0.001).
Plant Uptake Offsets Silica Release From a Large Arctic Tundra Wildfire
Authors: Carey Joanna C. , Abbott Benjamin W. , Rocha Adrian V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRapid climate change at high latitudes is projected to increase wildfire extent in tundra ecosystems by up to fivefold by the end of the century. Tundra wildfire could alter terrestrial silica (SiO2) cycling by restructuring surface vegetation and by deepening the seasonally thawed active layer. These changes could influence the availability of silica in terrestrial permafrost ecosystems and alter lateral exports to downstream marine waters, where silica is often a limiting nutrient. In this context, we investigated the effects of the largest Arctic tundra fire in recent times on plant and peat amorphous silica content and dissolved silica concentration in streams. Ten years after the fire, vegetation in burned areas had 73% more silica in aboveground biomass compared to adjacent, unburned areas. This increase in plant silica was attributable to significantly higher plant silica concentration in bryophytes and increased prevalence of silica‐rich gramminoids in burned areas. Tundra fire redistributed peat silica, with burned areas containing significantly higher amorphous silica concentrations in the O‐layer, but 29% less silica in peat overall due to shallower peat depth post burn. Despite these dramatic differences in terrestrial silica dynamics, dissolved silica concentration in tributaries draining burned catchments did not differ from unburned catchments, potentially due to the increased uptake by terrestrial vegetation. Together, these results suggest that tundra wildfire enhances terrestrial availability of silica via permafrost degradation and associated weathering, but that changes in lateral silica export may depend on vegetation uptake during the first decade of postwildfire succession.
Seismological Investigations of Induced Earthquakes Near the Hutubi Underground Gas Storage Facility
Authors: Zhou Pengcheng , Yang Hongfeng , Wang Baoshan , Zhuang Jiancang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Hutubi underground gas storage facility in Xinjiang, China, with a maximum gas storage capacity of 10.7 billion m3, provides a good opportunity to study seismicity potentially induced by the annually cyclic injection and extraction of natural gas. To statistically distinguish induced seismicity from the tectonic background, we investigate the background seismicity probability of each event using the space‐time epidemic‐type aftershock sequence model and a stochastic declustering method. Our statistical results suggest a potential link between gas injection and two groups of seismicity, with very low background seismicity probabilities during the first and second injection periods in August 2013 and May 2014, respectively. To better understand the earthquake physics, we relocate earthquakes by incorporating a dedicated mobile seismic network after refining the regional 1D velocity model by utilizing an artificial source. After double‐difference relocations, those two groups of earthquakes move much closer to the faults bounding the rock storage units and are situated at a depth around 4 km, slightly deeper than the reservoir formation. Focal mechanism solutions of the two largest earthquakes (Mw 2.8 and 3.0) in August 2013 show a possibly unmapped reverse fault gently dipping to the south. Based on our high‐resolution earthquake locations, we propose that these on‐fault earthquakes are not hydrologically connected with the reservoir formation but are likely induced by poroelastic stress perturbations due to gas injection. Poroelastic stressing can have a larger impact on seismicity rate than pore pressure diffusion at large distances; hence, the distributions and sizes of preexisting faults might play a key role in seismic hazard assessments in our study region.
Stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A Review and Synthesis
Authors: Weijer W. , Cheng W. , Drijfhout S. S. , Fedorov A. V. , Hu A. , Jackson L. C. , Liu W. , McDonagh E. L. , Mecking J. V. , Zhang J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe notion that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) can have more than one stable equilibrium emerged in the 1980s as a powerful hypothesis to explain rapid climate variability during the Pleistocene. Ever since, the idea that a temporary perturbation of the AMOC—or a permanent change in its forcing—could trigger an irreversible collapse has remained a reason for concern. Here we review literature on the equilibrium stability of the AMOC and present a synthesis that puts our understanding of past and future AMOC behavior in a unifying framework. This framework is based on concepts from Dynamical Systems Theory, which has proven to be an important tool in interpreting a wide range of model behavior. We conclude that it cannot be ruled out that the AMOC in our current climate is in, or close to, a regime of multiple equilibria. But there is considerable uncertainty in the location of stability thresholds with respect to our current climate state, so we have no credible indications of where our present‐day AMOC is located with respect to thresholds. We conclude by identifying gaps in our knowledge and proposing possible ways forward to address these gaps.
Hydrological Functioning of an Evolving Urban Stormwater Network
Authors: Jovanovic Tijana , Hale Rebecca L. , Gironás Jorge , Mejia Alfonso 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs complex systems, urban stormwater networks (USNs) may reveal emergent features (e.g., scaling) and sudden changes in behavior, which can lead to unanticipated impacts. We explored this through the USN properties of connectivity, heterogeneity, and scaling, which were quantified using outputs from a hydrological model and network dispersion mechanisms. The network properties were determined retrospectively in space and time by reconstructing the contemporary history of urban development and stormwater infrastructure in an arid, urban catchment in the City of Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. We found that the relative importance to USN functioning of both network structure (geomorphology) and dynamics (spatial celerity pattern) changed with the spatial scale, with network geomorphology being more dominant at larger spatial scales. The importance of network geomorphology suggested that the structure of the USN itself could potentially serve as a stormwater control measure, for example, by enhancing flow dispersion. The temporal evolution of the USN revealed a sudden change in the hydrological functioning of the network, which seemed to be a consequence of the combined effects of patchy urban development and changes in network connectivity. The interactions between the urban spatial pattern, stormwater infrastructure, and surface runoff may result in threshold‐like behavior. A spatial multiscale approach to stormwater management may be beneficial to ensure that hydrological benefits at one scale do not cause unintended consequences at another. Overall, the retrospective modeling and network analysis approach used in this study may be useful for understanding emergent urban stormwater impacts.
ERAP1 promotes Hedgehog-dependent tumorigenesis by controlling USP47-mediated degradation of βTrCP
Authors: Bufalieri Francesca , Infante Paola , Bernardi Flavia , Caimano Miriam , Romania Paolo , Moretti Marta , Lospinoso Severini Ludovica , Talbot Julie , Melaiu Ombretta , Tanori Mirella , Di Magno Laura , Bellavia Diana , Capalbo Carlo , Puget Stéphanie , De Smaele Enrico , Canettieri Gianluca , Guardavaccaro Daniele , Busino Luca , Peschiaroli Angelo , Pazzaglia Simonetta , Giannini Giuseppe , Melino Gerry , Locatelli Franco , Gulino Alberto , Ayrault Olivier , Fruci Doriana , Di Marcotullio Lucia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant Hh signaling may occur in a wide range of human cancers, such as medulloblastoma, the most common brain malignancy in childhood. Here, we identify endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), a key regulator of innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses, as a previously unknown player in the Hh signaling pathway. We demonstrate that ERAP1 binds the deubiquitylase enzyme USP47, displaces the USP47-associated βTrCP, the substrate-receptor subunit of the SCFβTrCP ubiquitin ligase, and promotes βTrCP degradation. These events result in the modulation of Gli transcription factors, the final effectors of the Hh pathway, and the enhancement of Hh activity. Remarkably, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ERAP1 suppresses Hh-dependent tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our findings unveil an unexpected role for ERAP1 in cancer and indicate ERAP1 as a promising therapeutic target for Hh-driven tumors.
Highly branched poly(β-amino ester) delivery of minicircle DNA for transfection of neurodegenerative disease related cells
Authors: Liu Shuai , Gao Yongsheng , Zhou Dezhong , Zeng Ming , Alshehri Fatma , Newland Ben , Lyu Jing , O’Keeffe-Ahern Jonathan , Greiser Udo , Guo Tianying , Zhang Fengzhi , Wang Wenxin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent therapies for most neurodegenerative disorders are only symptomatic in nature and do not change the course of the disease. Gene therapy plays an important role in disease modifying therapeutic strategies. Herein, we have designed and optimized a series of highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s (HPAEs) containing biodegradable disulfide units in the HPAE backbone (HPAESS) and guanidine moieties (HPAESG) at the extremities. The optimized polymers are used to deliver minicircle DNA to multipotent adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and astrocytes, and high transfection efficiency is achieved (77% in human ADSCs and 52% in primary astrocytes) whilst preserving over 90% cell viability. Furthermore, the top-performing candidate mediates high levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion from astrocytes, causing neurite outgrowth from a model neuron cell line. This synergistic gene delivery system provides a viable method for highly efficient non-viral transfection of ADSCs and astrocytes.
Reconstitution reveals how myosin-VI self-organises to generate a dynamic mechanism of membrane sculpting
Authors: Rogez Benoit , Würthner Laeschkir , Petrova Anastasiia B. , Zierhut Felix B. , Saczko-Brack Dario , Huergo Maria-Ana , Batters Christopher , Frey Erwin , Veigel Claudia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne enigma in biology is the generation, sensing and maintenance of membrane curvature. Curvature-mediating proteins have been shown to induce specific membrane shapes by direct insertion and nanoscopic scaffolding, while the cytoskeletal motors exert forces indirectly through microtubule and actin networks. It remains unclear, whether the manifold direct motorprotein–lipid interactions themselves constitute another fundamental route to remodel the membrane shape. Here we show, combining super-resolution-fluorescence microscopy and membrane-reshaping nanoparticles, that curvature-dependent lipid interactions of myosin-VI on its own, remarkably remodel the membrane geometry into dynamic spatial patterns on the nano- to micrometer scale. We propose a quantitative theoretical model that explains this dynamic membrane sculpting mechanism. The emerging route of motorprotein–lipid interactions reshaping membrane morphology by a mechanism of feedback and instability opens up hitherto unexplored avenues of membrane remodelling and links cytoskeletal motors to early events in the sequence of membrane sculpting in eukaryotic cell biology.
Chromosome assembly of Collichthys lucidus, a fish of Sciaenidae with a multiple sex chromosome system
Authors: Cai Mingyi , Zou Yu , Xiao Shijun , Li Wanbo , Han Zhaofang , Han Fang , Xiao Junzhu , Liu Fujiang , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCollichthys lucidus (C. lucidus) is a commercially important marine fish species distributed in coastal regions of East Asia with the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system. The karyotype for female C. lucidus is 2n = 48, while 2n = 47 for male ones. Therefore, C. lucidus is also an excellent model to investigate teleost sex-determination and sex chromosome evolution. We reported the first chromosome genome assembly of C. lucidus using Illumina short-read, PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology. An 877 Mb genome was obtained with a contig and scaffold N50 of 1.1 Mb and 35.9 Mb, respectively. More than 97% BUSCOs genes were identified in the C. lucidus genome and 28,602 genes were annotated. We identified potential sex-determination genes along chromosomes and found that the chromosome 1 might be involved in the formation of Y specific metacentric chromosome. The first C. lucidus chromosome-level reference genome lays a solid foundation for the following population genetics study, functional gene mapping of important economic traits, sex-determination and sex chromosome evolution studies for Sciaenidae and teleosts.
Resistance of Scratched Fused Silica Surface to UV Laser Induced Damage
Authors: Ye Hui , Li Yaguo , Xu Qiao , Jiang Chen , Wang Zhonghou 
Published: July 2019

AbstractScratches in fused silica are notorious laser damage precursors to UV laser damage initiation. Ductile and brittle scratches were intentionally generated using various polishing slurries. The distribution, profile and the dimension of scratches were characterized. The damage resistance of polished surfaces was evaluated using raster scanning damage testing protocol. The results show that both ductile and brittle scratches greatly increase area proportion of laser damage about one to two orders of magnitude relative to unscratched surface and brittle scratches are more deleterious. Moreover, finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation was used to numerically calculate the light field distribution around scratches on rear surface (i.e. exit surface for light) which indicates that modulated light intensity is susceptible to the profile and size of scratches. FDTD simulation results also indicate that the light field intensification is elevated with the dimension of scratches and light modulation effects in triangular scratches are usually not as notable as serrated and parabolic scratches.
The activation of Mucolipin TRP channel 1 (TRPML1) protects motor neurons from L-BMAA neurotoxicity by promoting autophagic clearance
Authors: Tedeschi Valentina , Petrozziello Tiziana , Sisalli Maria José , Boscia Francesca , Canzoniero Lorella Maria Teresa , Secondo Agnese 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCellular clearance mechanisms including the autophagy-lysosome pathway are impaired in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One of the most important proteins involved in the regulation of autophagy is the lysosomal Ca2+ channel Mucolipin TRP channel 1 (TRPML1). Therefore, we investigated the role of TRPML1 in a neuronal model of ALS/Parkinson-dementia complex reproduced by the exposure of motor neurons to the cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA). Under these conditions, L-BMAA induces a dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to ER stress and cell death. Therefore we hypothesized a dysfunctional coupling between lysosomes and ER in L-BMAA-treated motor neurons. Here, we showed that in motor neuronal cells TRPML1 as well as the lysosomal protein LAMP1 co-localized with ER. In addition, TRPML1 co-immunoprecipitated with the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1. Functionally, the TRPML1 agonist ML-SA1 induced lysosomal Ca2+ release in a dose-dependent way in motor neuronal cells. The SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin increased the fluorescent signal associated with lysosomal Ca2+ efflux in the cells transfected with the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP3-ML1, thus suggesting an interplay between the two organelles. Moreover, chronic exposure to L-BMAA reduced TRPML1 protein expression and produced an impairment of both lysosomal and ER Ca2+ homeostasis in primary motor neurons. Interestingly, the preincubation of ML-SA1, by an early activation of AMPK and beclin 1, rescued motor neurons from L-BMAA-induced cell death and reduced the expression of the ER stress marker GRP78. Finally, ML-SA1 reduced the accumulation of the autophagy-related proteins p62/SQSTM1 and LC3-II in L-BMAA-treated motor neurons. Collectively, we propose that the pharmacological stimulation of TRPML1 can rescue motor neurons from L-BMAA-induced toxicity by boosting autophagy and reducing ER stress.
The Existence of Airborne Mercury Nanoparticles
Authors: Ghoshdastidar Avik. J. , Ariya Parisa A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMercury is an important global toxic contaminant of concern that causes cognitive and neuromuscular damage in humans. It is ubiquitous in the environment and can travel in the air, in water, or adsorb to soils, snow, ice and sediment. Two significant factors that influence the fate of atmospheric mercury, its introduction to aquatic and terrestrial environments, and its bioaccumulation and biomagnification in biotic systems are the chemical species or forms that mercury exists as (elemental, oxidized or organic) and its physical phase (solid, liquid/aqueous, or gaseous). In this work, we show that previously unknown mercury-containing nanoparticles exist in the air using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging (HR-STEM). Deploying an urban-air field campaign near a mercury point source, we provide further evidence for mercury nanoparticles and determine the extent to which these particles contain two long suspected forms of oxidized mercury (mercuric bromide and mercuric chloride) using mercury mass spectrometry (Hg-MS). Using optical particle sizers, we also conclude that the conventional method of measuring gaseous oxidized mercury worldwide can trap up to 95% of nanoparticulate mercuric halides leading to erroneous measurements. Finally, we estimate airborne mercury aerosols may contribute to half of the oxidized mercury measured in wintertime Montréal urban air using Hg-MS. These emerging mercury-containing nanoparticle contaminants will influence mercury deposition, speciation and other atmospheric and aquatic biogeochemical mercury processes including the bioavailability of oxidized mercury to biota and its transformation to neurotoxic organic mercury.
A novel perceptual trait: gaze predilection for faces during visual exploration
Authors: Guy Nitzan , Azulay Hagar , Kardosh Rasha , Weiss Yarden , Hassin Ran R. , Israel Salomon , Pertzov Yoni 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHumans are social animals and typically tend to seek social interactions. In our daily life we constantly move our gaze to collect visual information which often includes social information, such as others’ emotions and intentions. Recent studies began to explore how individuals vary in their gaze behavior. However, these studies focused on basic features of eye movements (such as the length of movements) and did not examine the observer predilection for specific social features such as faces. We preformed two test-retest experiments examining the amount of time individuals fixate directly on faces embedded in images of naturally occurring scenes. We report on stable and robust individual differences in visual predilection for faces across time and tasks. Individuals’ preference to fixate on faces could not be explained by a preference for fixating on low-level salient regions (e.g. color, intensity, orientation) nor by individual differences in the Big-Five personality traits. We conclude that during visual exploration individuals vary in the amount of time they direct their gaze towards faces. This tendency is a trait that not only reflects individuals’ preferences but also influences the amount of information gathered by each observer, therefore influencing the basis for later cognitive processing and decisions.
Constructing a prediction model for physiological parameters for malnutrition in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Tsai Yu-Tsung , Yang Feng-Jung , Lin Hong-Mau , Yeh Jiang-Chou , Cheng Bor-Wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA retrospective analysis of the improvement in the health condition of patients undergoing hemodialysis was done to understand the important factors that can affect malnutrition in these patients. In this study, data from patients who underwent hemodialysis between 2010 and 2015 in a regional hospital in Yunlin County were collected from the Taiwan Society of Nephrology-Kidney Transplantation database. A total of 1049 medical records from 300 patients with age over 20 and underwent hemodialysis were collected for this study. A decision tree C5.0 and logistic regression were used to identify 40 independent variables, as well as the association of the dependent variable albumin. Then, the C5.0 decision tree, logistic regression, and support vector machine (SVM) methods were applied to find a combination of factors that contributed to malnutrition in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Predictive models were established. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic curve and confusion matrix was used to evaluate the standard of performance of these models. All analytical methods indicated that “age” was an important factor. In particular, the best predictive model was the SVM-model 4, with a training accuracy rate of 98.95% and test accuracy rate of 66.89%, identified that “age” and 15 other important factors were the most related to hemodialysis. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for clinical applications.